Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Optimized Bioassay for Screening Combined Anticoronaviral Compounds for Efficacy against Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus with Pharmacokinetic Analyses of GS-441524, Remdesivir, and Molnupiravir in Cats

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease of cats that currently lacks licensed and affordable vaccines or antiviral therapeutics. The disease has a spectrum of clinical presentations including an effusive (“wet”) form and non-effusive (“dry”) form, both of which may be complicated by neurologic or ocular involvement. The feline coronavirus (FCoV) biotype, termed feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), is the etiologic agent of FIP. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the in vitro antiviral efficacies of the viral protease inhibitors GC376 and nirmatrelvir and the nucleoside analogs remdesivir (RDV), GS-441524, molnupiravir (MPV; EIDD-2801), and β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC; EIDD-1931). These antiviral agents were functionally evaluated using an optimized in vitro bioassay system. Antivirals were assessed as monotherapies against FIPV serotypes I and II and as combined anticoronaviral therapies (CACT) against FIPV serotype II, which provided evidence for synergy for selected combinations. We also determined the pharmacokinetic properties of MPV, GS-441524, and RDV after oral administration to cats in vivo as well as after intravenous administration of RDV. We established that orally administered MPV at 10 mg/kg, GS-441524 and RDV at 25 mg/kg, and intravenously administered RDV at 7 mg/kg achieves plasma levels greater than the established corresponding EC50 values, which are sustained over 24 h for GS-441514 and RDV.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Mangifera indica Aqueous Leaf Extract against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

An estimated 35% of the world’s population depends on wheat as their primary crop. One fifth of the world’s wheat is utilized as animal feed, while more than two thirds are used for human consumption. Each year, 17–18% of the world’s wheat is consumed by China and India. In wheat, spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is one of the major diseases which affects the wheat crop growth and yield in warmer and humid regions of the world. The present work was conducted to evaluate the effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles on the biochemical constituents of wheat crops infected with spot blotch disease. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Mangifera indica leaf extract and their characterization was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, and PSA. Characterization techniques confirm the presence of crystalline, spherical silver nanoparticles with an average size of 52 nm. The effect of green synthesized nanoparticles on antioxidative enzymes, e.g., Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Reductase (GR), Peroxidase (POX), and phytochemical precursor enzyme Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL), and on primary and secondary metabolites, e.g., reducing sugar and total phenol, in Bipolaris sorokiniana infected wheat crop were studied. Inoculation of fungal spores was conducted after 40 days of sowing. Subsequently, diseased plants were treated with silver nanoparticles at different concentrations. Elevation in all biochemical constituents was recorded under silver nanoparticle application. The treatment with a concentration of nanoparticles at 50 pp min diseased plants showed the highest resistance towards the pathogen. The efficacy of the green synthesized AgNPs as antibacterial agents was evaluated against multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria comprising Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (n = 6) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 7) and Gram-positive bacteria Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2). The results show promising antibacterial activity with significant inhibition zones observed with the disc diffusion method, thus indicating green synthesized M. indica AgNPs as an active antibacterial agent against MDR pathogens.
Protostellar spin-down: a planetary lift?

When they first appear in the HR diagram, young stars rotate at a mere 10\% of their break-up velocity. They must have lost most of the angular momentum initially contained in the parental cloud, the so-called angular momentum problem. We investigate here a new mechanism by which large amounts of angular momentum might be shed from young stellar systems, thus yielding slowly rotating young stars. Assuming that planets promptly form in circumstellar disks and rapidly migrate close to the central star, we investigate how the tidal and magnetic interactions between the protostar, its close-in planet(s), and the inner circumstellar disk can efficiently remove angular momentum from the central object. We find that neither the tidal torque nor the variety of magnetic torques acting between the star and the embedded planet are able to counteract the spin up torques due to accretion and contraction. Indeed, the former are orders of magnitude weaker than the latter beyond the corotation radius and are thus unable to prevent the young star from spinning up. We conclude that star-planet interaction in the early phases of stellar evolution does not appear as a viable alternative to magnetic star-disk coupling to understand the origin of the low angular momentum content of young stars.
Automatic Localization and Annotation of Spatio-Temporal Actions in Weakly Labelled Videos

Endowing computational systems with the ability to localize actions in video-based content has an myriad amount of applications. From ameliorating search engines to virtual reality and security based applications, the potential is endless. The majority of previous work cast this problem under a fully-supervised learning paradigm. While effective in controlled environments, this paradigm is limited in the real world where data is inherently noisy and the possible number of different classes is not bounded. In this work, the extensive annotation requirement demanded by this paradigm is circumvented through the adoption of weakly supervised learning. First, we take advantage of the elementary structure of each video by means of segmentation. This is used to extract an initial set of temporally and spatial consistent action tubes. For the purposes of representation, a convolution neural network is employed to extract RGB features from each video. Unlike previous work we relax the traditional multiple instance learning constraints by making the label of each proposal continuous. This serves to make the resulting optimization function more tractable while also increasing generalisability by making it possible to infuse prior information directly into the learning function. Extensive experimental results with multiple performance indicators on the ‘UCF-Sports’ dataset support the effectiveness of our approach.
Analysis of the adequacy of landscape composition to the semi-arid of squares in Montes Claros

Public green areas such as squares, especially in semi-arid regions, should be planned with the choice of more resistant species that require less labor and water for irrigation. This study is aimed at analyzing the suitability of three public squares of Montes Claros to local climatic conditions and the potential for the introduction of sustainable gardens in this municipality. Three squares of Montes Claros, Southeastern Brazil, whose biome is the Cerrado, were evaluated in terms of the total number of individuals (trees, palms, shrubs, vines, and herbaceous plants) and analyzed accor- ding to the literature regarding their classification in relation to origin (exotic or native), drought tolerance, and the benefits they bring to fauna. Among the squares studied, it was observed that Duque de Caxias was the one with the highest percentage of drought-tolerant plants and that bring benefits to the fauna proportionally to the total number of plants. This square was also the one with the highest percentage of native plants (25.93%), however this value is still low for the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region, which, due to the scarcity of water, requires a greater number of drought-tolerant native plants. It is concluded that the studied squares have many exotic plants that are demanding in maintenance and therefore there is a need for their gradual replacement in sustainable landscaping projects, especially with the use of a greater number of native species suitable for semi-arid conditions.
SU(4) Instantons on Calabi-Yau Threefolds with Z_2 x Z_2 Fundamental Group

Structure group SU(4) gauge vacua of both weakly and strongly coupled heterotic superstring theory compactified on torus-fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds Z with Z_2 x Z_2 fundamental group are presented. This is accomplished by constructing invariant, stable, holomorphic rank four vector bundles on the simply connected cover of Z. Such bundles can descend either to Hermite-Yang-Mills instantons on Z or to twisted gauge fields satisfying the Hermite-Yang-Mills equation corrected by a non-trivial flat B-field. It is shown that large families of such instantons satisfy the constraints imposed by particle physics phenomenology. The discrete parameter spaces of those families are presented, as well as a lower bound on the dimension of the continuous moduli of any such vacuum. In conjunction with Z_2 x Z_2 Wilson lines, these SU(4) gauge vacua can lead to standard-like models at low energy with an additional U(1)_{B-L} symmetry. This U(1)_{B-L} symmetry is very helpful in naturally suppressing nucleon decay.
ORF-Interrupting Mutations in Monkeypox Virus Genomes from Washington and Ohio, 2022

Monkeypox virus, the causative agent of the 2022 monkeypox outbreak, is a double-stranded DNA virus in the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. Genes in terminal regions of Orthopoxvirus genomes mostly code for host-pathogen interaction proteins and are prone to selective pressure and modification events. Using viral whole genome sequencing, we identified twenty-five total clinical samples with ORF-disrupting mutations, including twenty samples encoding nonsense mutations in MPXVgp001/191 (OPG001), MPXVgp004/188 (OPG015), MPXVgp010 (OPG023), MPXVgp030 (OPG042), MPXVgp159 (OPG0178), or MPXVgp161 (OPG181). Additional mutations include a frameshift leading to an alternative C-terminus in MPXVgp010 (OPG023) and an insertion in an adenine homopolymer at the beginning of the annotated ORF for MPXVgp153 (OPG151), encoding a subunit of the RNA polymerase, suggesting the virus may instead use the start codon that encodes Met9 as annotated. Finally, we detected three samples with large (>900 bp) deletions. These included a 913 bp deletion that truncates the C-terminus of MPXVgp010 (OPG023); a 4205 bp deletion that eliminates MPXVgp012 (OPG025), MPXVgp013 (OPG027), and MPXVgp014 (OPG029) and truncates MPXVgp011 (OPG024; D8L) and MPXVgp015 (OPG030); and a 6881 bp deletion that truncates MPXVgp182 (OPG210) and eliminates putative ORFs MPXVgp184, MPXVgp185 (OPG005), and MPXVgp186, as well as MPXVgp187 (OPG016), and MPXVgp188 (OPG015) from the 3’ ITR only. MPXVgp182 encodes the monkeypox-specific, highly immunogenic surface glycoprotein B21R which has been proposed as a serological target. Overall, we find greater than one-tenth of our sequenced MPXV isolates have at least one gene inactivating mutation and these genes together comprised greater than one-tenth of annotated MPXV genes. Our findings highlight non-essential genes in monkeypox virus that may be evolving as a result of selective pressure in humans, as well as the limitations of targeting them for therapeutics and diagnostic testing.
TWO FAMILIES OF FLAG-TRANSITIVE AFFINE PLANES Dedicated to Otto Wagner on the occasion of his 60th birthday

Two families of flag-transitive nondesarguesian affine planes of odd order are defined, and isomorphisms among the various planes are studied. Thirty years ago Wagner (5) proved the important result that every finite flag-transitive affine plane is a translation plane. However, since that time relatively few classes of such planes have been found. The purpose of this note is to comment on two constructions of flag-transitive affine planes due to Suetake (4). These constructions will be generalized slightly and will be shown to produce fairly large numbers of pairwise nonisomorphic planes. Most of them are new (compare (1), (4) and the references therein), but those that are 2-dimensional over their kernels were known previously (1), (2). Let F = GF(q2"), L = GF(q") and K --- GF(q), where n > 1 and q = pe is a power of an odd prime p. Let a ~ Gal(L/K); we will assume (unless stated otherwise) that o-# 1. Throughout this note we will identify each such automorphism a with a power of q inducing it. Assume that n is odd. Let b ~ F be such that b- = - b (where bar denotes the involutory automorphism of F), so that b 2 -- -b6~ L. Let s ~ F* have order (q" + 1)(q - 1). Write h(x) = x + bx ~ for x ~ F, and consider the set
THE INFLUENCE OF LARGE WOODY DEBRIS ON POST-WILDFIRE DEBRIS-FLOW SEDIMENT STORAGE

Abstract. Debris flows transport large quantities of water and granular material, such as sediment and wood, and this mixture can have devastating effects on life and infrastructure. The proportion of large woody debris (LWD) incorporated into debris flows can be enhanced in forested areas recently burned by wildfire because wood recruitment into channels accelerates in burned forests. In this study, using four small watersheds in the Gila National Forest, New Mexico, which burned in the 2020 Tadpole Fire, we explored new approaches to estimate debris flow velocity based on LWD characteristics and the role of LWD in debris flow volume retention. To understand debris flow volume model predictions, we examined two models for debris flow volume estimation: (1) the current volume prediction model used in US Geological Survey debris flow hazard assessments and (2) a regional model developed to predict the sediment yield associated with debris-laden flows. We found that the regional model better matched the magnitude of the observed sediment at the terminal fan, indicating the utility of regionally calibrated parameters for debris flow volume prediction. However, large wood created sediment storage upstream from the terminal fan, and this volume was of the same magnitude as the total debris flow volume stored at the terminal fans. Using field and lidar data we found that sediment retention by LWD is largely controlled by channel reach slope and a ratio of LWD length to channel width between 0.25 and 1. Finally, we demonstrated a method for estimating debris flow velocity based on estimates of the critical velocity required to break wood, which can be used in future field studies to estimate minimum debris flow velocity values.
Nitrogen Fractionation in Protoplanetary Disks from the H13CN/HC15N Ratio

Nitrogen fractionation is commonly used to assess the thermal history of solar system volatiles. With ALMA it is for the first time possible to directly measure 14 N / 15 N ratios in common molecules during the assembly of planetary systems. We present ALMA observations of the H 13 CN and HC 15 N J = 3 − 2 lines at 0. ″5 angular resolution, toward a sample of six protoplanetary disks, selected to span a range of stellar and disk structure properties. Adopting a typical 12 C / 13 C ratio of 70, we find comet-like 14 N / 15 N ratios of 80–160 in five of the disks (3 T Tauri and 2 Herbig Ae disks) and lack constraints for one of the T Tauri disks (IM Lup). There are no systematic differences between T Tauri and Herbig Ae disks, or between full and transition disks within the sample. In addition, no correlation is observed between disk-averaged D/H and 14 N / 15 N ratios in the sample. One of the disks, V4046 Sgr, presents unusually bright HCN isotopologue emission, enabling us to model the radial profiles of H 13 CN and HC 15 N . We find tentative evidence of an increasing 14 N / 15 N ratio with radius, indicating that selective photodissociation in the inner disk is important in setting the 14 N / 15 N ratio during planet formation.
PERCEPTION VIEW OF ACADEMICIANS AND PROFESSIONALS ON INTEGRATED REPORTING PRACTICES

Business organisations are one among the various pillars of economy of the country. The performance of these organisations is the matter to be concerned to various stakeholders. The communication of the performance of business shows the accountability and transparency of policies adopted by them in their business reporting process. Today the business environment is volatile and stakeholders are expecting multidimensional information to be disseminated. This paper is descriptive nature to examine the perception of academicians and professionals on integrated reporting practices in India. For this purpose primary information is gathered from academicians and professionals and analysed through descriptive and independent sample t-test and concluded that there is a difference in the perception among academicians and professionals on integrated reporting practices in India.
The gravitational wave background from massive black hole binaries in Illustris: spectral features and time to detection with pulsar timing arrays

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA) around the world are using the incredible consistency of millisecond pulsars to measure low frequency gravitational waves from (super)Massive Black Hole (MBH) binaries. We use comprehensive MBH merger models based on cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to predict the spectrum of the stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background (GWB). We use real Time-of-Arrival (TOA) specifications from the European, NANOGrav, Parkes, and International PTA (IPTA) to calculate realistic times to detection of the GWB across a wide range of model parameters. In addition to exploring the parameter space of environmental hardening processes (in particular: stellar scattering efficiencies), we have expanded our models to include eccentric binary evolution which can have a strong effect on the GWB spectrum. Our models show that strong stellar scattering and high characteristic eccentricities enhance the GWB strain amplitude near the PTA sensitive "sweet-spot" (near the frequency $f = 1 \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$), slightly improving detection prospects in these cases. While the GWB $amplitude$ is degenerate between cosmological and environmental parameters, the location of a spectral turnover at low frequencies ($f \lesssim 0.1 \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$) is strongly indicative of environmental coupling. At high frequencies ($f\gtrsim 1 \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$), the GWB spectral index can be used to infer the number density of sources and possibly their eccentricity distribution. Even with merger models that use pessimistic environmental and eccentricity parameters, if the current rate of PTA expansion continues, we find that the International PTA is highly likely to make a detection within about 10 years.
Converting topological insulators into topological metals within the tetradymite family

We report the electronic band structures and concomitant Fermi surfaces for a family of exfoliable tetradymite compounds with the formula $T_2$$Ch_2$$Pn$, obtained as a modification to the well-known topological insulator binaries Bi$_2$(Se,Te)$_3$ by replacing one chalcogen ($Ch$) with a pnictogen ($Pn$) and Bi with the tetravalent transition metals $T$ $=$ Ti, Zr, or Hf. This imbalances the electron count and results in layered metals characterized by relatively high carrier mobilities and bulk two-dimensional Fermi surfaces whose topography is well-described by first principles calculations. Intriguingly, slab electronic structure calculations predict Dirac-like surface states. In contrast to Bi$_2$Se$_3$, where the surface Dirac bands are at the $\Gamma-$point, for (Zr,Hf)$_2$Te$_2$(P,As) there are Dirac cones of strong topological character around both the $\bar {\Gamma}$- and $\bar {M}$-points which are above and below the Fermi energy, respectively. For Ti$_2$Te$_2$P the surface state is predicted to exist only around the $\bar {M}$-point. In agreement with these predictions, the surface states that are located below the Fermi energy are observed by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, revealing that they coexist with the bulk metallic state. Thus, this family of materials provides a foundation upon which to develop novel phenomena that exploit both the bulk and surface states (e.g., topological superconductivity).
Jupiter’s Formation in the Vicinity of the Amorphous Ice Snowline

Argon, krypton, xenon, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus have all been measured and found to be enriched by a quasi uniform factor in the 2–4 range, compared to their protosolar values, in the atmosphere of Jupiter. To elucidate the origin of these volatile enrichments, we investigate the possibility of an inward drift of particles made of amorphous ice and adsorbed volatiles, and their ability to enrich in heavy elements the gas phase of the protosolar nebula, once they cross the amorphous-to-crystalline ice transition zone, following the original idea formulated by Monga & Desch. To do so, we use a simple accretion disk model coupled to modules depicting the radial evolution of icy particles and vapors, assuming growth, fragmentation, and crystallization of amorphous grains. We show that it is possible to accrete supersolar gas from the nebula onto proto-Jupiter’s core to form its envelope, and allowing it to match the observed volatile enrichments. Our calculations suggest that nebular gas, with a metallicity similar to that measured in Jupiter, can be accreted by its envelope if the planet is formed in the ∼0.5–2 Myr time range and in the 0.5–20 au distance range from the Sun, depending on the adopted viscosity parameter of the disk. These values match a wide range of Jupiter’s formation scenarios, including in situ formation and migration/formation models.
Psychological skills training and perfectionism: A single-subject multiple baseline study

Abstract Psychological skills training (PST) is a common and effective form of support provided by sports psychologists. Nevertheless, its use in helping support athletes with perfectionism and some of the problematic issues they can face is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of PST in reducing perfectionistic cognitions and improving emotional experiences in athletes. Using a single-subject multiple baseline research design, we recruited five national-level basketball players (M = 21.8 years) based on their concerns over mistakes (a key dimension of perfectionistic concerns). All participants received eight, one-to-one PST sessions over a four-week period. Participants completed self-report measures of perfectionistic cognitions, cognitive appraisals, pre-competition emotions, and performance satisfaction on a weekly basis, before, during, and after the intervention, as well as 3-months later. Results suggested that PST improved at least some of the cognitive appraisals, pre-competition emotions, and performance satisfaction in most participants. Minimal changes were observed for perfectionistic cognitions. The findings support the general use of PST but other interventions may be required to reduce perfectionistic cognitions. Lay summary: Perfectionistic concerns are related to performance and well-being difficulties in athletes. We used a short PST intervention to examine if it can improve the experiences of athletes selected based on their concern over mistakes. The intervention was effective for some aspects of their experiences, such as pre-competition emotions and performance satisfaction but less effective for the perfectionistic cognitions they reported. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Sport psychologists are better informed as to the effectiveness of PST when working with athletes. The effectiveness of PST varies based on the individual and the intended outcome. There is a need for more expert guidance on perfectionism for training sports psychologists.