Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quantum-dynamical theory for nonlinear optical interactions in graphene

We use a quantum-dynamical model to investigate the optical response of graphene under low excitation power. Ultrafast carrier relaxation processes, which play an important role for understanding the optical response of graphene, are included phenomenologically into the model. We obtain analytical solutions for the linear and third-order nonlinear optical response of graphene, and four-wave mixing in particular. This theory shows agreement with recently reported experimental data on linear complex optical conductivity and four-wave mixing, providing evidence for ultrafast quantum-dephasing times of approximately 1 fs.
The effect of tension variability for sleep quality in headache patients: A Holter monitoring study

Background: Hypertension is one of the common causes of headaches. Disruption in the circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP) also leads to some chronic diseases. Sleep disturbances have a relationship with neurologic and cardiac diseases. Our aim was to compare the sleep quality of patients with headaches showing dipper and nondipper BP patterns. Methods: This retrospective study included 57 patients who applied to a neurology clinic due to headaches and were referred to the cardiology department for Holter monitoring. Chronic diseases, drugs used, smoking and exercise habits, and physical examination findings were recorded. The 24-hour Holter monitoring results were classified as dipper and nondipper. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were determined for each patient. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores of patients with dipper and nondipper patterns were compared. Results: The sleep quality of patients with dipper Holter patterns was better than that of patients with nondipper patterns (P < .001), and patients without chronic diseases had significantly better sleep quality compared with those with chronic diseases (P = .029). In the presence of chronic disease, the number of patients with a nondipper Holter pattern was higher (P = .024). There were no significant differences in Holter results or sleep quality between smokers and nonsmokers (P > .05). Conclusion: Diagnoses of sleep disorders and BP abnormalities in the outpatient clinic are valuable in increasing the quality of life of patients and in preventing chronic diseases, especially cardiac diseases that may develop in the future.
An FFT extension of the elliptic curve method of factorization

Factorization of arbitrary integers is believed to be a hard problem. The Elliptic Curve Method (ECM), discovered by Hendrik Lenstra, Jr. in 1985, is the best known method for finding 20- to 30-digit factors of a large integer N. The ECM algorithm has two main steps. It computes a large multiple of an element P of an elliptic curve group modulo N, obtaining another element Q. Step 1 succeeds if we strike the identity element of the group modulo p for some prime divisor p of N. If Step 1 is unsuccessful, then Step 2 compares multiples of Q, looking for a duplicate modulo some p/N. This thesis describes how to apply convolutions modulo N and last polynomial arithmetic algorithms in the search. This effectively increases the range of ECM by a factor of 100 with about twice the combined Step 1/Step 2 execution time previously required (but more memory). The revised algorithm was tested by trying it on the RSA Factoring Challenge list. We discuss many architectural considerations relating to the implementation, such as the identifying which portions of the computation can be vectorized or parallelized. We also discuss the algorithms for computer arithmetic. We give a detailed analysis of intermediate results of the fast polynomial GCD algorithm. We give a family of elliptic curves with torsion group of order 16 and positive rank over $\doubq$, and compare the smoothness of their orders to the smoothness of curves with torsion group of order 12.
A cross-sectional analysis in order to validate the translation of FSFI-6 to Bahasa Indonesia [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Background: Numerous tools have been developed to assess female sexual dysfunction. Several of them have also conducted validity tests. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is one of these surveys that has been effectively translated into several different languages. The previous study on the translation and validation of the FSFI-6 questionnaire into Bahasa Indonesia used the original form (FSFI-19), which had many questions. Thus, this study was done to validate and translate a condensed version of the original questionnaire to make it more practicable for individuals to complete in a clinical context. Methods: FSFI-6 was translated into Bahasa Indonesia. Then the data were collected via questionnaires by 72 women in Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM or Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital ) during the data collection period (January 2018 until April 2018). The data obtained were processed for validity and reliability using the SPSS software
Upper bounds for the attractor dimension of damped Navier-Stokes equations in $\mathbb R^2$

We consider finite energy solutions for the damped and driven two-dimensional Navier--Stokes equations in the plane and show that the corresponding dynamical system possesses a global attractor. We obtain upper bounds for its fractal dimension when the forcing term belongs to the whole scale of homogeneous Sobolev spaces from -1 to 1
Analysis of Factors Affecting Consumer Satisfaction Using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) Method

The era of globalization in Indonesia in the business sector has experienced very rapid development. This is because the number of consumptive age or millennial generation in Indonesia is increasing every year. This very rapid business development provides an opportunity to set up independent businesses for entrepreneurs. One of the many independent businesses established is a coffee shop. One of the independent businesses engaged in the coffee shop is Ueno Coffee. The rapid development of the coffee shop business has resulted in increasingly fierce competition between competitors so that coffee shop entrepreneurs make it a threat and a challenge. With these threats and challenges, Ueno Coffee wants to conduct a customer satisfaction analysis that can be used to evaluate customer satisfaction so that it can be used for business development that is better, superior and able to compete with competitors. This study using the SEM-PLS method is expected to be able to assist business owners in analyzing the factors that effect consumer satisfaction. This study applies a simple random sampling technique with a sample of 100 people. The results of the analysis show that the variables of product quality, service quality, price, promotion, location and halal label have a positive value and have a significant effect on Ueno Coffee's consumer satisfaction.
Evaluation of butter cake prepared by different ratios of oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour BY

The main purpose of this study was the utilization of oats flour in preparing butter cakes, as a source of high fiber and bioactive phytochemicals, in the butter cake recipes. Butter cakes were performed by oat-wheat flour blends (10/90, 20/80 and 30/70 w/w) in a butter cake mixture. Obtained organoleptic properties results indicated that the successfully suggested oat-wheat blends butter cake was 20/80 w/w. Incorporate different percentages of oats flour decreased significantly (P≤0.05) the moisture, ether extract, carbohydrate content and caloric value (Kcal/100g), but crude protein; crude fiber, ash and minerals contents increased significantly (P≤0.05) with increasing concentrations of oats flour. Prepared cakes were stored at 4±1 ºC for 21 days and rancidity profiles were evaluated. Results showed that, the acid value, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value trend were low in all substituted cakes than that of the control cake during the storage period. Microbiological quality parameters which included total viable count, yeast and moulds were decreased with an increasing percentage of oats flour. Finally, it could be recommended that the oats flour can be utilized in the preparation of butter cakes until 30/70 substitution levels with wheat flour to improve the quality and safety parameters of butter cakes.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TEMPORAL SAMPLING STRATEGIES ON ESTIMATING LOADS AND MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS IN SMALL STREAMS

His research deals with examining the effects of different sampling strategies, estimating loads and concentrations over large areas, and water-quality and numerical of His activities deal with data collection and database management of water-quality studies of streams. ABSTRACT Various temporal sampling strategies are used to monitor small streams to estimate annual loads and maximum concentrations of specific constituents. Extensive water-quality data from eight small streams in Wisconsin were systematically subsampled to simulate and evaluate typically used strategies. These subsets of data were then used with daily average streamflow to estimate annual loads using the regression method (the most commonly used method for streams with limited water-quality data). For each strategy, the accuracy and precision of estimated loads and maximum concentrations of phosphorus were evaluated by comparison with "true" annual loads (computed with the integration method) and maximum concentrations, both estimated using all available data for each site during the period of interest. The most cost-effective sampling strategy depends on whether loads or maximum concentrations are examined and the duration of the study. For 1-year studies, fixed-period monthly sampling supplemented by storm chasing was most cost-effective for estimating annual loads, even though loads were overestimated by 25-50%. For 2 to 3-year studies, fixed-period, semi-monthly sampling provided not only the least biased but also the most precise loads. Any strategy that collects samples on the rising limbs of hydrographs was best for detecting maximum concentrations regardless of the duration of the study. The high-flow samples, especially if consistently collected during rising stage, do not represent the average daily concentration and therefore result in imprecise, over-estimated annual loads if used in the regression.
The Structure of Connectivity Functions

Graphs, matroids and polymatroids all have associated connectivity functions, and many properties of these structures follow from properties of their connectivity functions. This motivates the study of connectivity functions in general. It turns out that connectivity functions are surprisingly highly structured. We prove some interesting results about connectivity functions. In particular we show that every connectivity function is a connectivity function of a half-integral polymatroid.
Spontaneous hot flow anomalies at quasi‐parallel shocks: 1. Observations

We present Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations of a “Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomaly” (SHFA) upstream from the prenoon bow shock at 0431 UT on 12 August 2007. Although the SHFA exhibited the greatly heated and deflected solar wind plasmas used to identify hot flow anomalies (HFAs), it did not result from the standard mechanism invoked for the formation of HFAs, namely the interaction of an interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) discontinuity with the bow shock. We employ THEMIS A, B, C, and D observations to describe the evolution of the event from a proto‐SHFA exhibiting regions of depressed magnetic field strength and density but little evidence for plasma heating or flow deflection, to a well‐developed SHFA further downstream. These observations show that SHFA can be generated without the presence of an IMF discontinuity and are therefore a new category of HFAs.
Bioinformatics Analysis Revealing the Correlation between NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer

Although the emerging of immunotherapy conferred a new landscape of gastric cancer (GC) treatment, its response rate was of significant individual differences. Insight into GC immune microenviroment may contribute to breaking the dilemma. To this end, the enrichment score of NF-κB signaling pathway was calculated in each GC sample from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) via ssGSEA algorithm, and its association with immune infiltration was estimated. Based on NF-κB-related genes, a risk score was established and its involvement in immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and N6-methyladenosine (M6A) modification was analyzed in GC. The results showed that NF-κB signaling pathway promoted the infiltration of immune cells in GC. In addition, GC samples were divided into low- and high-risk groups according to a seven-gene (CARD11, CCL21, GADD45B, LBP, RELB, TRAF1, and VCAM1) risk score. Although the high-risk group displayed high immune infiltration and high expression of M6A regulatory genes, it remains in an immunosuppressive microenviroment and whereby suffers a poorer outcome. Of note, most of hub genes were related to immune infiltration and could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker. Conclusively, our study emphasized the crucial role of NF-κB signaling pathway in GC immune microenviroment and provided several candidate genes that may participate in immune infiltration.
Subglottal Resonances and Vowel Formant Variability: A Case Study of High German Monophthongs and Swabian Diphthongs

Recent studies have shown that subglottal resonances can cause discontinuities in formant trajectories (Chi & Sonderegger, 2007), are salient in speech perception (Lulich, Bachrach & Malyska, 2007), and useful in speaker normalization (Wang, Alwan & Lulich, 2008), suggesting that variability in the spectral characteristics of speech is constrained in ways not previously noticed. Specifically, it is argued that 1) for the same sound produced in different contexts or at different times, formants are free to vary, but only within frequency bands that are defined by the subglottal resonances; and 2) for sounds which differ by certain distinctive features, certain formants must be in different frequency bands. For instance, given several productions of the front vowel [ae], the second formant (F2) is free to vary only within the band between the second and third subglottal resonances (Sg2 and Sg3), but in the back vowel [a] F2 must lie between the first and second subglottal resonances (Sg1 and Sg2). The feature [+/-back] is therefore thought to be defined by whether F2 is below Sg2 ([+back]) or above it ([-back]; Stevens, 1998). This has been tested mostly in English, and only recently in Korean (Jung, 2008). We present new evidence that the same definition applies to both High German and Swabian German monophthongs, and suggest that it can also account for the contrast between the Swabian German diphthongs [aj] and [əj]. We made standard microphone recordings of twelve native speakers of German, including eight Swabians, and four fluent non-native speakers (whose native languages were Russian (1), Georgian (2), and Turkish (1)). The speakers read sentences which included both of the [aj] and [əj] diphthongs (non-Swabians produced them without a distinction), as well as sentences containing nonsense words designed to elicit monophthongs in a neutral phonetic environment. In the latter case, the carrier sentence was ‘Peter hat hVd gesagt’ (‘Peter said hVd’), where the vowel was any of the standard German monophthongs. We also made recordings from an accelerometer placed on the skin of the neck below the larynx, which measured subglottal acoustics. Front vowels, including the rounded front vowels, had F2>Sg2, and back vowels had F2 Sg1 whereas all other vowels had F1
Samurai in Japan: Class System-Related Morphological Differences in Maxillofacial Regions in the Edo Period

Previous studies have reported that compared to commoners in Japan’s Edo period, samurai had long heads, more dental irregularities, and slightly worn teeth. However, these studies did not measure the mandible or only measured length. Angular analysis is essential to evaluate the maxillofacial morphology, but there are no comparative studies of samurai and commoners. This study explored the differences in maxillofacial morphology between samurai and commoners in the Edo period. Thirty male skeletons (samurai) and thirty-eight male skeletons (commoners) were used as materials from the National Museum of Nature and Science. The selected specimens were adults aged between 20 and 59 years without serious skeletal damage and with stable occlusion of the molars. We used three-dimensional scanning to measure the specimens’ skeletal, alveolar, and facial widths. The mandibular plane angle and the gonial angle were significantly larger in the samurai than in the commoners. The ratio of the intermandibular first molars, interzygomatic arch, and mandibular width was significantly shorter in the samurai than in the commoners. The samurai had a high angle tendency and smaller mandibular width than the commoners, reflecting the class system.
CADeSH: Collaborative Anomaly Detection for Smart Homes

Although home Internet of Things (IoT) devices are typically plain and task oriented, the context of their daily use may affect their traffic patterns. That is, a given IoT device will probably not generate the exact same traffic data when operated by different people in different environments and when connected to different networks with different topologies and communication components. For this reason, anomaly-based intrusion detection systems tend to suffer from a high false positive rate (FPR). To overcome this, we propose a two-step collaborative anomaly detection method which first uses an autoencoder to differentiate frequent (“benign”) and infrequent (possibly “malicious”) traffic flows. Clustering is then used to analyze only the infrequent flows and classify them as either known (“rare yet benign”) or unknown (malicious). Our method is collaborative, in that 1) normal behaviors are characterized more robustly, as they take into account a variety of user interactions and network topologies and 2) several features are computed based on a pool of identical devices rather than just the inspected device. We evaluated our method empirically, using 21 days of real-world traffic data that emanated from eight identical IoT devices deployed on various networks, one of which was located in our controlled lab where we implemented two popular IoT-related cyber-attacks. Our collaborative anomaly detection method achieved a macro-average area under the precision–recall curve of 0.841, an F1 score of 0.929, and an FPR of only 0.014. These promising results were obtained by using labeled traffic data from our lab as the test set, while training the models on the traffic of devices deployed outside the lab, and thus demonstrate a high level of generalizability. In addition to its high generalizability and promising performance, our proposed method also offers benefits, such as privacy preservation, resource savings, and model poisoning mitigation. On top of that, as a contribution to the scientific community, our novel data set is available online.
Audio misinformation on WhatsApp: A case study from Lebanon

Since 2019, Lebanon has witnessed sequential crises that have routinely spurred media attention. A great deal of misinformation has proliferated during these events, much of it spreading on WhatsApp. One format is particularly understudied: audio instant messages, otherwise known as voice notes. Utilizing a grounded theory approach to examine 35 misleading WhatsApp voice notes collected between October 2019 and October 2020, this study documents how audio misinformation on Lebanese WhatsApp follows a consistent structure through the manipulation of interpersonal relationships, the establishing of source credibility, the imbuing of negative discrete emotions, and the inclusion of calls to action.
Sodium Content in Cereal-Based Products Sold in Italy: How Far Are We from the Global Benchmarks?

Reformulation of food products is one of the measures needed for reducing salt consumption. Accordingly, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently proposed global sodium benchmarks for different food categories to be used for setting national policies. Therefore, the sodium content of cereal-based products currently sold in Italy was compared with the WHO benchmarks, highlighting those categories primarily needing a reformulation. To this aim, the sodium content and several declarations (i.e., nutrition and health claims, organic or gluten free declaration) were retrieved from 2917 cereal-based products sold on the Italian market. All “minimally processed breakfast cereals” had a sodium content below the benchmark, while “flatbreads” and “leavened bread” had the highest percentage of items above the respective sodium benchmarks. Flatbreads and “crackers/savory biscuits” showed the highest median delta values from the respective benchmarks of 360 and 278 mg/100 g, respectively. Large variability in terms of percentage of products with sodium content above the benchmark was observed within the same categories, as well as among products with different declarations. A large number of food products currently sold on the Italian market have a sodium content above the benchmark. This result suggests the need to reformulate many food products currently on the market to achieve the WHO/United Nations (UN) objective of 30% global reduction in sodium intake by 2025.
Risk Perception, Media, and Ordinary People’s Intention to Engage in Self-Protective Behaviors in the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in China

Objective This study aims to examine how risk perception is associated with engagement in preventative behaviors and testing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in February 2020, eventually obtaining 1613 participants, participants’risk perceptions, demographics (sex, age, education level, marital status, and employment status), as well as their engagement in self-protective behaviors and testing were assessed. Results Risk perception significantly affected intention to engage in self-protective behaviors, the more risk people feel, the more likely they intend to take self-protective actions(β =0.0423; P < 0.01), and simultaneously, people obtaining information on COVID-19 from Official microblogs and public accounts(OMPA) (β =0.189; P < 0.01)and Online websites(OW) (β =0.143; P < 0.1)were more inclined to take self-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also showed that the interaction of risk perception and Online websites negatively affected the intention to engage in self-protective behaviors(β = −0.0374; P < 0.05), and conversely, the interaction of risk perception and Overseas media(OM) positively affected self-protective intention(β = 0.0423; P < 0.1). Conclusion There was a close relationship between the risk perception and the intention to engage in self-protective behaviors. At the same time, the use of media not only directly affected the intention to engage in self-protective behaviors but also moderated the impact of risk perception on the self-protection intention. Specifically, official media directly strengthened the intention to engage in self-protective behaviors. Online websites not only directly affected self-protection intention but also moderated the effect of risk perception on it. Although overseas media had no direct effect on self-protection intention, they moderated the effect of risk perception on it. These conclusions have policy implications for governments’ response to the COVID-19 epidemic.