Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in Creatine Supplementation for Athletes: A Systematic Review

: Research on creatine supplementation among athletes and in sports has been extensive over the years. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of creatine supplementation on various aspects of athletic performance, muscle physiology, and health. In this review, studies over the years have been highlighted to show the positive and negative effects of Creatine Monohydrate , commonly known as creatine supplementation in various kind of sports among the athletes which includes both, physical and cognitive performance.
Political risk: Interpreting the International context Riesgo político: Interpretando el contexto Internacional

Introduction— Since the beginning of the eco - nomic opening processes in the 1990s, Investments Have Increased (FDI) worldwide. However, not all countries are proposed as ideal destinations for recipients of FDI, they must have an attractive economic, political, and social landscape, which is studied in this work. Objective— This research has the objective of studying the influence that political risk may have on the decision-making on the subject of FDI by entrepreneurs, in particular, Colombians Methodology— A series of decision criteria is proposed from conceptual areas where the inver - sion problem has been analyzed. A scale of value has been generated for each criterion, which can be studied as means of stochastic multicriteria accept - ability analysis. Results— The analysis results point to the United States as the best destination for Colombian invest - ment, followed by Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Chile, while Panama, Spain, and Mexico are not favored by any weighting. Conclusions— This work might be helpful in decision-making processes intended to reduce the uncertainty that is proper of the foreign investment environment.
How might financial market information be used for supervisory purposes

Bank supervisory monitoring, both on-site and off-site, generates a wealth of information with which to judge the safety and soundness of banks and bank holding companies (BHCs). For BHCs with publicly traded securities, the monitoring efforts of investors generate additional information that may complement the supervisory information set. In this paper, we address three public policy questions related to how supervisors might use this financial market information. First, can financial markets detect changes in BHC risk characteristics? To address this question, we summarize the academic literature on the topic and present our own empirical results using BHC stock returns and bond spreads. We find that securities prices signal changes in supervisory ratings of BHC condition up to a year prior to their assignment. Second, do securities prices provide information that complements supervisory information? Using forecasts generated by an off-site monitoring model developed by Krainer and Lopez (2001), we find that securities prices do improve forecasts of supervisory ratings changes, although the improvement is not statistically significant. Third, what is an appropriate level of accuracy to demand of financial market signals and off-site monitoring models more generally? We examine this question by studying the model's ratio of correct forecasts to incorrect forecasts.
Combining machine learning and hierarchical structures for text categorization

Text categorization is the process of algorithmically analyzing an electronic document to assign a set of categories (or index terms) that succinctly describe the content of the document. This assignment can be used for classification, filtering, or information retrieval purposes. Machine learning methods such as decision trees, inductive learning, neural networks, support vector machines, linear classifiers, k-nearest neighbor, and Bayesian learning have been applied to solve this problem but most of these applications ignore the hierarchical structure of the underling classification vocabulary. This dissertation focuses on the use of hierarchical classification structures, such as the UMLS Metathesaurus or the Yahoo! hierarchy of topics, to build and train machine learning algorithms for text categorization. For this purpose we use a variation of the Hierarchical Mixtures of Experts (HME) model adapted for text categorization. We evaluate the HME model using neural networks, and linear classifier as the nodes of the hierarchy. We explore in detail the use of different feature and training set selection methods. Experimental results are reported using a large collection of MEDLINE documents (OHSUMED collection) to assess the effectiveness of the HME model for in text categorization.
CEBI WORKING PAPER SERIES

We use a randomized survey to study how discrimination affects parenting choices. In our survey, parents with young children choose between two public daycares, which are described by testimonials from other (fictitious) parents. The testifying parents in the first daycare describe a free play institution, which reflects a pro-typical Scandinavian ‘permissive parenting’ approach to childcare. The testifying parents in the second daycare describe a more structured daycare, which reflects an alternative approach to child care that is broadly consistent with ‘paternalistic parenting’. We randomize the fictitious names of the testifying parents across respondents. We find bias against ethnic minorities among parents who prefer a structured child care institution but not among parents who prefer free play one. These biases are not reduced when we provide additional information on testifiers’ professions. Our findings offer validation for a model of parenting where biases regarding discrimination are likely to come from parents preferring less permissive/more authoritarian methods of parenting. JEL codes: D15, D63, J15, I24.
: Mixture effects of

: In this study toxicity effects of zinc, copper and cadmium, both as single metals and in combination, were examined for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . Metal effects on lethality were analysed in a time-dependent manner using different concentrations in K-medium. LC20 concentrations were used to investigate the effects on locomotion and chemosensation. The results showed that copper toxicity was higher compared to cadmium and zinc, resulting in higher mortality rates and a more reduced locomotion. For all metals lethality increased over time. When cadmium concentrations were added to copper, and vice versa, significant increases in toxicity were noted. Different interaction effects were observed for the mixtures ZnCd, ZnCu, CuCd and ZnCuCd. Zinc seemed to have a neutral toxic effect on cadmium, while in combination with copper, a similar additive effect was seen as for the CuCd combination. Binary and tertiary metal mixtures caused a strong decrease in locomotion, except for the ZnCd combination, where zinc seems to have a neutral effect. After LC20 24 h exposure, a reduced crawling speed, except for zinc, and a reduced thrashing behaviour, except for zinc and ZnCd mixture were observed. Almost no significant effects were observed on chemosensation. Since the same trend of mixture effects was noted in locomotion and in lethality tests, locomotion could probably be considered as a sensitive endpoint for metal toxicities. This article is protected by copyright.
Management of Chloridea virescens (Noctuidae) in blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to promote sustainable cultivation in Peru: A Review

A review of current and specific literature was carried out in order to elaborate a proposal for the management of Chloridea virescens in the cultivation of blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.), developing strategies in each component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), including Cultural Control, Ethological Control, Biological Control, and Chemical Control (PBUA and PQUA) . Likewise, steps in the genetic improvement for quantitative resistance of the blueberry to this pest (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using wild relatives of this crop as a source of resistance genes are proposed.
and AR Glasses

–Moving in a complex and changing environment (rapid expansion of cities, creation of new transport lines, etc.) requires more and more capacity for path determination and following. This paper presents a protocol of a user study under progress. Its aim is to compare an application on AR Glasses and Smartphone to help pedestrians to memorize path following recommended landmarks.
A note on air temperature lapse rates on MountWellington, Tasmania

Temperature lapse rates are derived from field measurements taken on Mt Wellington over a one year period. The results are compared with regional lapse rates for the state. The agreement is best with maximum temperatures in winter and minimum temperatures in summer. The agreement is poor with other combinations. This is due to oceanic and continental effects.
Navigating Uncertainty: Using CAPM to Invest in LQ45 Index Stocks During the Pandemic

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is often used by investors in making investment decisions. This study aims to determine the Capital Asset Pricing Model for determining investment in LQ45 Index stocks before the pandemic and during the pandemic. The method used in this study is descriptive comparative with a quantitative approach. The data used is data in the form of annual ﬁnancial reports (annual report) for the LQ45 Index before the pandemic (2018–2019) and during the pandemic (2020–2021). The Capital Asset Pricing Model can be used to determine investment in LQ45 Index Shares.
Thermal effects of groundwater flow through subarctic fens: A case study based on field observations and numerical modeling

Modeling and observation of ground temperature dynamics are the main tools for understanding current permafrost thermal regimes and projecting future thaw. Until recently, most studies on permafrost have focused on vertical ground heat fluxes. Groundwater can transport heat in both lateral and vertical directions but its influence on ground temperatures at local scales in permafrost environments is not well understood. In this study we combine field observations from a subarctic fen in the sporadic permafrost zone with numerical simulations of coupled water and thermal fluxes. At the Tavvavuoma study site in northern Sweden, ground temperature profiles and groundwater levels were observed in boreholes. These observations were used to set up one‐ and two‐dimensional simulations down to 2 m depth across a gradient of permafrost conditions within and surrounding the fen. Two‐dimensional scenarios representing the fen under various hydraulic gradients were developed to quantify the influence of groundwater flow on ground temperature. Our observations suggest that lateral groundwater flow significantly affects ground temperatures. This is corroborated by modeling results that show seasonal ground ice melts 1 month earlier when a lateral groundwater flux is present. Further, although the thermal regime may be dominated by vertically conducted heat fluxes during most of the year, isolated high groundwater flow rate events such as the spring freshet are potentially important for ground temperatures. As sporadic permafrost environments often contain substantial portions of unfrozen ground with active groundwater flow paths, knowledge of this heat transport mechanism is important for understanding permafrost dynamics in these environments.
University of Birmingham In vivo Glx and Glu measurements from GABA-edited MRS at 3 T

: In vivo quantification of glutamate (Glu) and GABA using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is often achieved using two separate sequences, PRESS and MEGA-PRESS. The purpose of this study was to compare the measurement of Glu and Glx (Glu+ Glutamine; Gln) quantified from two different MEGA-PRESS protocols (GABA+, TE=68 ms, and macromolecule suppressed, MM-Sup, TE=80 ms) and short-echo (SE) PRESS (TE=35 ms). Fifteen healthy male volunteers underwent a single scan session in which data were acquired using the three sequences in both the sensorimotor cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. Glx and Glu were quantified from the MEGA-PRESS data using both the difference (DIFF) spectra and the OFF sub-spectra. Glx and Glu measured using SE-PRESS was taken as de-facto standard due to its common use in the field. Reliability was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA, correlation analyses, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. Glx and Glu quantified using the DIFF spectra of either MEGA-PRESS sequence were in poor agreement with the SE-PRESS data in both brain regions. Glx quantified from the OFF sub-spectra of both sequences and Glu quantified from the OFF sub-spectra of GABA+ MEGA-PRESS also showed poor agreement in both brain regions. In the sensorimotor cortex, Glu quantified from the OFF sub-spectra of MM-Sup MEGA-PRESS showed better agreement with SE-PRESS data, but this finding was not replicated in the anterior cingulate cortex data. In conclusion, Glx and Glu measured from MEGA-PRESS data generally shows poor agreement with Glx and Glu measured using SE-PRESS. Therefore, we recommend that a separate SE-PRESS be used when studying Glx, Glu and GABA, rather than using Glx or Glu metrics from the MEGA-PRESS data, particularly in areas of the brain with lower signal quality.
Xanthan gum: applications, challenges, and advantages of this asset of biotechnological origin

: Cosmetic formulators have numerous thickeners at their disposal to stabilize and increase the viscosity of their formulations. traditionally, some ingredients are the most widely used for these purposes, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and other cellulose derivatives, as well as carbomer and acrylic acid derivatives (acrylates). As an alternative to chemical compounds, many of them of fossil origin, there are gums of natural origin, such as guar gum, Arabic gum, pectin, and alginate. there are also thickeners of mineral origin, such as aluminum and magnesium silicates, bentonite, and hectorite. However, xanthan gum stands out among all the others due to its biotechnological origin, which allows the insertion of an ingredient that in addition to causing an increase in viscosity can also
A simulation analysis of a serial line pull system producing orders with various part types and volumes

ABSTRACT In practice, orders composed of different part/job types with varying quantities randomly arrive at a production area and they have a due date which designates the latest time before which all jobs in the order should be completed. Therefore, an order can only be fulfilled until all the jobs in that order are finished. This paper studies a pull production environment where there are five serial stations capable of processing different part types and part movement is controlled by a dual-card kanban system in order to reduce work-in-process inventory. Following the definition of a base model with given parameters, we discuss simulation-related experimental design features, performance criteria involving due-date-related ones, statistical analyses and design clusters. Statistical findings for each design cluster with predetermined input factors are interpreted.
Recursive Contracts

We model career design as a recursive contract design problem in an overlapping generations firm. Agents live two periods. In period 1 they may be hired as employees, paid a wage, and produce output. In period 2 they may be promoted to become joint owners (partners) of the firm, producing no output directly, but setting the rules and receiving the residual income. Professional partnerships, such as the traditional law firm, are often organized like this. Employees are motivated not only by the wage but by the possibility of promotion to the partnership, and the opportunity to set the rules in the next period; the reward structure is thus recursive. The contracts that emerge in this environment are always inefficient. In many circumstances the inefficiency takes the form of “rat-race” contracts that specify very low wages and an inefficiently high level of effort. This conclusion seems to be robust to a range of variations in the environment.
Analytical Galerkin boundary integrals of Laplace kernel layer potentials in $\mathbb{R}^3$

A method for analytical computation of the double surface integrals for all layer potential kernels associated with the Laplace Green's function, in the Galerkin boundary element method (BEM) in $\mathbb{R}^3$ using piecewise constant flat elements is presented. The method uses recursive dimensionality reduction from 4D ($\mathbb{R}^2\times\mathbb{R}^2$) based on Gauss' divergence theorem. Computable analytical expressions for all cases of relative location of the source and receiver triangles are covered for the single and double layer potentials and their gradients with analytical treatment of the singular cases are presented. A trick that enables reduction of the case of gradient of the single layer to the same integrals as for the single layer is introduced using symmetry properties. The method was confirmed using analytical benchmark cases, comparisons with error-controlled computations of regular multidimensional integrals, and a convergence study for singular cases.
Potential Design, Implementation, and Benefits of a Feebate Program for New Passenger Vehicles in California: Interim Statement of Research Findings

A comprehensive study was undertaken to assess the potential design, implementation, and benefits of a feebate program in California as well as possible stakeholder responses. A feebate is a market- based policy for encouraging greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions from new passenger vehicles by levying fees on relatively high-emitting vehicles and providing rebates to lower-emitting vehicles. This study finds that feebate policies can be used in California to achieve additional reductions in greenhouse gases from new passenger vehicles beyond those projected from emission standards alone. Specifically, feebate policies affect the average emissions levels for the new vehicle fleet sold in each model year. The amount will depend on the design features of the feebate policy and other modeling assumptions. For the period 2011-2025, a moderate feebate program based on a footprint system with average rebates of $600 and average fees of $700 yields a 3 percent improvement, or about 2 percent of the reductions needed to achieve the AB 32 target.
Employee Rhetoric in the Acceptance or Rejection of Corporate Environmentalism

This study explores how employees in a Finnish financial company use rhetorical strategies to accept or reject corporate environmentalism. It is based on a qualitative study in which face-to-face interviews were conducted among 30 employees. The study shows how employees rejected corporate environmentalism by dissociating their employer from polluters or by dissociating environmental values from other values in the financial business. It also shows how they accepted corporate environmentalism by associating it with other business virtues and by associating the employer with polluters. The study identifies rhetorical strategies as means for employees to construct an understanding of corporate environmentalism, and of whether or not it is a part of their organization’s responsibilities. The results highlight a need to manage corporate environmentalism processes so that the focus is on finding diverse meanings instead of on promoting a single, organization-wide meaning for corporate environmentalism in a top-down manner.
University of Birmingham Activation of the FGFR1 signalling pathway by the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP1 promotes aerobic glycolysis and transformation of human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells

Non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is believed to play an important role in NPC pathogenesis by virtue of its ability to activate multiple cell signalling pathways which collectively promote cell proliferation, transformation, angiogenesis and invasiveness as well as modulation of energy metabolism. In this study, we report that LMP1 increases cellular uptake of glucose and glutamine, enhances LDHA activity and lactate production, but reduces pyruvate kinase activity and pyruvate concentrations. LMP1 also increases the phosphorylation of PKM2, LDHA and FGFR1 as well as the expression of PDHK1, FGFR1, c-Myc and HIF-1  regardless of oxygen availability. Collectively, these findings suggest that LMP1 promotes aerobic glycolysis. With respect to FGFR1 signalling, LMP1 not only increases FGFR1 expression, but also upregulates FGF2, leading to constitutive activation of the FGFR1 signalling pathway. Furthermore, two inhibitors of FGFR1 (PD161570 and SU5402) attenuate LMP1-mediated aerobic glycolysis, cellular transformation (proliferation and anchorage-independent growth), cell migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, identifying FGFR1 signalling as a key pathway in LMP1-mediated growth transformation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that high levels of phosphorylated FGFR1 are common in primary NPC specimens, and that this correlated with the expression of LMP1. In addition, FGFR1 inhibitors suppress cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of NPC cells. Our current findings demonstrate that LMP1-mediated FGFR1 activation contributes to aerobic glycolysis and transformation of epithelial cells, thereby implicating FGF2/FGFR1 signalling activation in the EBV-driven pathogenesis of NPC.
as our most important asset” A critical exploration of agility and employee commitment

In this article, we examine how employees experience different types of work commitment at an IT consultancy company using agility to give staff greater autonomy and decision-making latitude. We analyze its agile practices through an in-depth case study comprising interviews and non-participative observation of managers and employees, concluding that the company aims to increase autonomy and decision-making latitude by introducing agile approaches to project management, but thereby risks eroding its employees’ commitment. Indeed, the new social dynamics engender new professional insecurities and decision-making passivity and appear to lack a clear organizational purpose, thus challenging certain aspects of employee commitment.
Modélisation micromécanique des roches poreuses. Application aux calcaires oolitiques

Ce travail de these est consacre a l'etude du comportement poro-elastique lineaire et non lineaire des materiaux et geomateriaux poreux (notamment les calcaires oolithiques et le minerai de fer) par approche de changement d'echelle. A partir des observations microstructurales de ces materiaux, un modele conceptuel a ete propose. Les roches poreuses etudiees sont constituees par un assemblage de grains (oolithes), a forte fraction volumique, cimentes par une matrice. La porosite, supposee connectee, est presente dans les oolithes (inter-oolithique) et dans la matrice (intra-oolithique). Un modele d'homogeneisation a deux etapes est developpe dans le cadre du modele des spheres composites. L'importance des effets de liaison d'interface sur les proprietes poro-elastiques des spheres composites est etudiee en determinant la solution exacte du modele aux conditions d'interfaces parfaite ou/et imparfaite. Le modele est tout d'abord applique pour estimer les proprietes effectives poro-elastiques lineaires des roches etudiees. Le comportement non lineaire de ces roches est etudie en attribuant a la matrice un comportement elastoplastique et en developpant un comportement non lineaire pour les interfaces (oolithes - matrice). La comparaison entre resultats issus de la modelisation et ceux experimentaux macroscopiques montre l'importance cruciale de la zone interfaciale de transition