Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal smoothing in semiparametric index approximation of regression functions

The problem of approximating a general regression function m(x) = E (Y IX = x) is addressed. As in the case of the c1assical L2-type projection pursuit regression considered by Hall (1989), we propose to approximate m(x) through a regression of Y given an index, that is a unidimensional projection of X. The orientation vector defining the projection of X is taken to be the optimum of a Kullback-Leibler type criterion. The first step of the c1assical projection pursuit regression and the single-index models (SIM) are obtained as particular cases. We define a kernel-based estimator of the 'optimal' orientation vector and we suggest a simple empirical bandwidth selection rule. Finally, the true regression function m(•) is approximated through a kernel regression of Y given the estimated index. Our procedure extends the idea of Hardle, Hall and Ichimura (1993) which propose, in the case of SIM, to minimize an empirical L2-type criterion simultaneously with respect to the orientation vector and the bandwidth. We show that a same bandwidth of order n - 1/5 can be used for the root-n estimation of the orientation and for the kernel approximation of the true regression function. Our methodology could be extended to more accurate multi-index approximations.
Evaluation of Red Blood Cell Parameters as a Biomarker for Long-Term Glycemic Control Monitoring Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess red blood cell parameters as a biomarker for long-term glycemic monitoring among T2 DM patients. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study through a consecutive sampling technique was conducted among 124 T2 DM patients at the chronic illness follow-up clinic of Jimma Medical Center (JMC) from July 27 to August 31, 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical-related data. Five milliliters of the blood specimen were collected from each eligible T2 DM patient. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and red blood cell parameters were determined by Cobas 6000 and DxH 800 fully automated analyzers, respec-tively. Data were entered into EpiData software version 3.1 and exported to SPSS 25 version for analysis. Independent t -test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to address the research questions. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of study participants was 51.84± 11.6 years. Moreover, 60.5% of T2 DM patients were in poor glycemic control. There was a significant mean difference between good and poor glycemic controlled T2 DM patients in red blood cell count (4.79±0.5 vs 4.38 ±0.8), hemoglobin (14.13±1.4 vs 13.60±1.6), mean corpuscular volume (89.52±4.7 vs 92.62 ±7.5), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (29.63±1.6 vs 30.77±2.9), and red cell distribution width (13.68±1.1 vs 14.63±1.2) respectively. Red blood cell count was inversely correlated ( r =−0.280, p=0.002) with HbA1c while mean corpuscular volume ( r =0.267, p=0.003), mean corpuscular hemoglobin ( r =0.231, p=0.010), and red cell distribution width ( r = 0.496, p=0.000) were positively correlated with level of HbA1c. Conclusion: Red cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and red cell distribution width could be useful indicators to monitor the glycemic status of T2 DM patients instead of HbA1c, though large prospective studies should be considered.
Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems

Autophagy modulation is considered to be a promising programmed cell death mechanism to prevent and cure a great number of disorders and diseases. The crucial step in designing an effective therapeutic approach is to understand the correct and accurate causes of diseases and to understand whether autophagy plays a cytoprotective or cytotoxic/cytostatic role in the progression and prevention of disease. This knowledge will help scientists find approaches to manipulate tumor and pathologic cells in order to enhance cellular sensitivity to therapeutics and treat them. Although some conventional therapeutics suffer from poor solubility, bioavailability and controlled release mechanisms, it appears that novel nanoplatforms overcome these obstacles and have led to the design of a theranostic-controlled drug release system with high solubility and active targeting and stimuli-responsive potentials. In this review, we discuss autophagy modulators-related signaling pathways and some of the drug delivery strategies that have been applied to the field of therapeutic application of autophagy modulators. Moreover, we describe how therapeutics will target various steps of the autophagic machinery. Furthermore, nano drug delivery platforms for autophagy targeting and co-delivery of autophagy modulators with chemotherapeutics/siRNA, are also discussed. Abstract: Autophagy modulation is considered to be a promising programmed cell death mechanism to prevent and cure a great number of disorders and diseases. The crucial step in designing an effective therapeutic approach is to understand the correct and accurate causes of diseases and to understand whether autophagy plays a cytoprotective or cytotoxic/cytostatic role in the progression and prevention of disease. This knowledge will help scientists find approaches to manipulate tumor and pathologic cells in order to enhance cellular sensitivity to therapeutics and treat them. Although some conventional therapeutics suffer from poor solubility, bioavailability and controlled release mechanisms, it appears that novel nanoplatforms overcome these obstacles and have led to the design of a theranostic-controlled drug release system with high solubility and active targeting and stimuli-responsive potentials. In this review, we discuss autophagy modulators-related signaling pathways and some of the drug delivery strategies that have been applied to the field of therapeutic application of autophagy modulators. Moreover, we describe how therapeutics will target various steps of the autophagic machinery. Furthermore, nano drug delivery platforms for autophagy targeting and co-delivery of autophagy modulators with chemotherapeutics/siRNA, are also discussed.
Nature and Nurture in Numerical Cognition

Current research in the field of numerical cognition reveals strong behavioral interactions and similar processing mechanisms for the perceptions of space, time, and number; which is generally believed to indicate that these dimensions share a common metric for representation in the brain. These three dimensions of magnitude––analog, ratio dependent representations of space, time, and number––are essential for interaction with the environment, and provide a conceptual basis on which further perceptual experience enhances the discrimination of distance, speed, numerosity, quantity, and size. Basic, approximate and non-verbal conceptions of spatial navigation, temporal orienting, and numerical computations have been found in human adults and children, as well as non-human animals, while the employment of discrete measures seems to be a consequence of a verbally and culturally mediated ontogenetic shift exclusive to humans (e.g. Feigenson, Libertus, and Halberda, 2013). This thesis investigates the link between nature and nurture, in an attempt to find the key factor that ultimately induces the ontogenetic shift from approximate to exact representations of space, time, and number. An extensive theoretical review is performed, based on both neuroscientific and cross-cultural data, where I propose that cultural and linguistic mediation is as vital to the representational advancement of numerical cognition as our biologically predisposed magnitude system. The neuroscientific approach is strongly based on a leading––but controversial––theory in the field of numerical cognition, ATOM (Walsh, 2003), which suggests that both human and non-human animals possess a generalized magnitude system with fully shared representational mechanisms for space, time, and number. To further illustrate the assumed theoretical stance of ATOM, an exploratory fMRI study with a single participant is performed, with results closely resembling those argued by Walsh (2003).
DDDT_A_336066 4837..4848

1Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Oxidative stress is considered a major determinant in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Methylcobalamin (MeCbl) is an activated form of vitamin B12 that regulates inflammatory factors, counters oxidative stress, and reduces apoptosis in many disease models. However, the specific mechanism of MeCbl repigmentation against vitiligo is unknown. In this study, we explored the effect of MeCbl on melanocytes following hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)induced oxidative stress. Methods: We established an oxidative stress model using the immortalized human normal melanocyte cell line PIG1. We used a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to detect drug cytotoxicity, and we measured the melanin content of cells using the NaOH method. Intracellular oxidative damage was assessed by flow cytometry and antioxidant enzyme detection kits. In addition, we assessed the presence of apoptosis by flow cytometry and Western blots. We explored the underlying mechanisms of MeCbl during oxidative stress in melanocytes by analyzing the results of experiments based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and laser scanning confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Finally, we repeated the experiments after applying an inhibitor to block the Nrf2 pathway. Results: We found that MeCbl treatment enhanced cell viability, increased melanin content, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, increased the activities of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), reduced melanocyte apoptosis, and up-regulated the expression of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Moreover, the protective effects of MeCbl were significantly weakened after inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Conclusion: Our results indicate that MeCbl attenuated the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in melanocytes by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, this suggests that MeCbl may be an effective treatment against vitiligo.
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF SELECTED SPICES ( FERULA ASAFOETIDA, PIPER NIGRUM, ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM, CINNAMOMUM AROMATICUM AND SYZGIUM AROMATICUM ) EXTRACT

Spices are a promising source of bioactive compounds since it has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was aimed at evaluating the phytochemical constituents of different spices extracts by qualitative phytochemical analysis, GC-MS and ATR. The results showed that the used (distilled water) solvent took an important role in the extraction of phytochemical components. Aqueous extract was identified as the most effective solvent for the extraction, resulting in the highest content of polyphenolic compounds in all the spices.
Running head: Latent Profile Analysis of WM in ADHD Latent Profile Analysis of Working Memory Performan ce in a Sample of Children with ADHD

The current study used latent profile analysis (LPA ) to ascertain distinct groups of children with ADHD (N = 701) in terms of performance on working memory ( WM) tasks that tapped visuospatial sketchpad, spatial central executive, and verbal central executive functions. It compared the WM performances of these classes with a clinical comparison group (N = 59). The participants’ age ranged from 7 to 16 y ears (586 males, 71 females). The results of the LPA supported three classes. For all three WM tasks, class 1 ( N = 196) had more difficulties than classes 2 ( N = 394) and 3 ( N = 111), and the clinical comparison group. Class 2 had more difficulties th an class 3 and the clinical comparison group, and there was no difference between class 3 nd the clinical comparison group. Class 1 had lower IQ and academic abilities, and re lativ ly more individuals with depressive disorders. The implications of the findi ngs for understanding ADHD and its treatment are discussed.
Heat conduction in one-dimensional chains with random mass distribution

The paper considers heat conductivity in a set of one-dimensional lattice models, which contain particles with two different masses. First of all, we address recent findings concerning peculiar heat transport in a diatomic billiard close to the integrable limit. Our simulations demonstrate that the heat transport in this case remains superdiffusive, and the heat conductivity therefore is abnormal. Then, the effect of mass disorder on the heat transport in the diatomic system is explored both for systems with abnormal and normal heat conductivity. Two main characteristics of the disorder are addressed -- internal correlations in the disordered structure, and concentration of the "impurities" with different mass. We show that the disorder does not modify the convergency properties of the heat conduction coefficient in the thermodynamical limit. However, as one would expect, the disorder strongly effects the quantitative properties of the heat transport. Moreover, we demonstrate that the disorder can modify the conductivity in both ways (increase or decrease), and its effect is closely related to a particular mechanism of scattering for the heat flux in each specific model.
Donaldson–Thomas invariants versus intersection cohomology of quiver moduli

Abstract The main result of this paper is the statement that the Hodge theoretic Donaldson–Thomas invariant for a quiver with zero potential and a generic stability condition agrees with the compactly supported intersection cohomology of the closure of the stable locus inside the associated coarse moduli space of semistable quiver representations. In fact, we prove an even stronger result relating the Donaldson–Thomas “function” to the intersection complex. The proof of our main result relies on a relative version of the integrality conjecture in Donaldson–Thomas theory. This will be the topic of the second part of the paper, where the relative integrality conjecture will be proven in the motivic context.
CCID_A_281585 889..896

1Department of Medicine/Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan, Iraq; 2Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan, Iraq; 3Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan, Iraq Purpose: Many cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, among these the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) can be endorsed by different mechanisms besides inhibiting keratinocytes proliferation. The role of genetic polymorphisms of TGF-β1 has been studied in various inflammatory diseases. Our aim is to study the correlation of TGF-β1 gene polymorphism at codon 10 and 25 with the expression of serum level of TGF-β1 in a sample of Iraqi psoriatic patients compared to the control group. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 100 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 50 sexand age-matched healthy volunteers as control group. Serum and genomic DNA were prepared from peripheral blood samples. Amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction technique (ARMS-PCR) had been applied for genotyping TGF-β1 codon 10 [rs1982073] and codon 25 [rs1800471] genetic polymorphisms. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA) based on the sandwich principle was used for quantification of serum TGF-β1 level. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scoring was applied for determining the severity in psoriatic patients and classified accordingly to mild (PASI<7), moderate (PASI 7–12), severe (PASI>12) groups. Results: Statistically significant difference was found in TGF-β1 gene polymorphism between psoriatic patients and control group at codon 10 (T869C) polymorphism (p=0.021) and codon 25 (G915C) polymorphism (p=0.040). No significant association was detected with the mean serum TGF-β1 level, severity of the disease, disease onset, gender, history of psoriatic arthritis, and smoking in both codons. Significant lower mean serum TGF-β1 level was found among psoriatic group (192.17 ± 531.12 ng/L) compared with controls (565.89 ± 1372.30 ng/L) (p = 0.018). Relation of mean serum TGF-β1 level with the onset of the disease was statistically significant (p = 0.004), early-onset disease group was lower (105.92 ± 68.02 ng/L) compared with the late-onset disease group (450.92 ±1027.79 ng/L). The mean serum TGF-β1 level showed no significant differences with the severity of psoriasis, gender, history of psoriatic arthritis, and smoking. Conclusion: Iraqi population showed a significant association between TGF-β1 gene polymorphism at codon 10 and 25 were with psoriasis susceptibility, and a significantly lower mean serum TGF-β1 level was detected in psoriatic patients.
Shape analysis in shape space

This study aims to classify different deformations based on the shape space concept. A shape space is a quotient space in which each point corresponds to a class of shapes. The shapes of each class are transformed to each other by a transformation group preserving a geometrical property in which we are interested. Therefore, each deformation is a curve on the high dimensional shape space manifold, and one can classify the deformations by comparison of their corresponding deformation curves in shape space. Towards this end, two classification methods are proposed. In the first method, a quasi conformal shape space is constructed based on a novel quasi-conformal metric, which preserves the curvature changes at each vertex during the deformation. Besides, a classification framework is introduced for deformation classification. The results on synthetic and real datasets show the effectiveness of the metric to estimate the intrinsic geometry of the shape space manifold, and its ability to classify and interpolate different deformations. In the second method, we introduce the medial surface shape space which classifies the deformations based on the medial surface and thickness of the shape. This shape space is based on the log map and uses two novel measures, average of the normal vectors and mean of the positions, to determine the distance between each pair of shapes on shape space. We applied these methods to classify the left ventricle deformations. The experimental results shows that the first method can remarkably classify the normal and abnormal subjects but this method cannot spot the location of the abnormality. In contrast, the second method can discriminate healthy subjects from patients with cardiomyopathy, and also can spot the abnormality on the left ventricle, which makes it a valuable assistant tool for diagnostic purposes.
Overview of Bohmian Mechanics

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the Bohmian formulation of quantum mechanics. It starts with a historical review of the difficulties found by Louis de Broglie, David Bohm, and John S. Bell to convince the scientific community about the validity and utility of Bohmian mechanics. Then, a formal explanation of Bohmian mechanics for nonrelativistic, single-particle quantum systems is presented. The generalization to many-particle systems, where the exchange interaction and the spin play an important role, is also presented. After that, the measurement process in Bohmian mechanics is discussed. It is emphasized that Bohmian mechanics exactly reproduces the mean value and temporal and spatial correlations obtained from the standard, that is the Copenhagen or orthodox, formulation. The ontological characteristics of Bohmian mechanics provide a description of measurements as another type of interaction without the need for introducing the wave function collapse. Several solved problems are presented at the end of the chapter, giving additional mathematical support to some particular issues. A detailed description of computational algorithms to obtain Bohmian trajectories from the numerical solution of the Schrodinger or the Hamilton-Jacobi equations are presented in an appendix. The motivation of this chapter is twofold: first, as a didactic introduction to Bohmian formalism, which is used in the subsequent chapters, and second, as a self-contained summary for any newcomer interested in using Bohmian mechanics in his or her daily research activity.
Performance analysis of boron nitride embedded armchair graphene nanoribbon metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor with Stone Wales defects

We study the performance of a hybrid Graphene-Boron Nitride armchair nanoribbon (a-GNR-BN) n-MOSFET at its ballistic transport limit. We consider three geometric configurations 3p, 3p + 1, and 3p + 2 of a-GNR-BN with BN atoms embedded on either side (2, 4, and 6 BN) on the GNR. Material properties like band gap, effective mass, and density of states of these H-passivated structures are evaluated using the Density Functional Theory. Using these material parameters, self-consistent Poisson-Schrodinger simulations are carried out under the Non Equilibrium Green's Function formalism to calculate the ballistic n-MOSFET device characteristics. For a hybrid nanoribbon of width similar to 5 nm, the simulated ON current is found to be in the range of 265 mu A-280 mu A with an ON/OFF ratio 7.1 x 10(6)-7.4 x 10(6) for a V-DD = 0.68 V corresponding to 10 nm technology node. We further study the impact of randomly distributed Stone Wales (SW) defects in these hybrid structures and only 2.5% degradation of ON current is observed for SW defect density of 3.18%. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
Coates-wiles towers for cm-abelian varieties

When A/Q is an elliptic curve of Mordell-Weil-rank zero with complex multiplication, Coates and Wiles showed that A satisfies the weak Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. An alternate proof was given by Stark and Gupta, by computing conductors in what he called the Coates-Wiles tower. The main goal of this thesis is to approach the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer problem for abelian varieties with complex multiplication by generalizing Gupta's work on Coates-Wiles towers. In particular, let K be a Galois CM-field, A an abelian variety defined over K with full complex multiplication by the ring of integers of K, and p a prime of K at which A has good reduction. Then we want to describe congruence relations on units in Kn, the extension of K generated by the pn -torsion points of A. We assume the existence of a point of infinite order Q ∈ A( K), and we let Ln be the extension of Kn generated by the pn -division values of Q (i.e., Ln = Kn( 1pn Q )). Then there exists a positive integer e such that Ln/Kn is an unramified extension, for n < e, and Le/Ke is ramified. We demonstrate that the conductor of Le/K e possesses an analogous form to the conductors calculated by Gupta. In the elliptic case, conductors of the form we calculate determine congruence relations on units of Ke. In the general case, we compute congruence relations on exterior products of units in Ke. These congruence relations relate to a recent conjecture of de Shalit.
Two constructions of prüfer domains.

One of the most active and fruitful areas of research in multiplicative ideal theory in recent years has been the theory of Prüfer domains, where an integral domain D with identity is a Prüfer domain if each nonzero finitely generated ideal of D is invertible, or equivalently, if each localization of D is a valuation ring. Evidence of activity in this area are several papers on the subject; [1], [3], [5], [6], [9], [15], and [19] are such recent papers concerning Prüfer domains.
Compactness of the d-bar-Neumann problem on convex domains

The d-bar-Neumann operator on (0,q)-forms ($1\le q \le n$) on a bounded convex domain Omega in C^n is compact if and only if the boundary of Omega contains no complex analytic (equivalently: affine) variety of dimension greater than or equal to q.