Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethylene responsiveness changes in Pelargonium × domesticum florets

Florets of Pelargonium x domesticum L. H. Bailey respond to ethylene with rapid petal abscission. Florets become increasingly responsive to ethylene with age, with the greatest change in responsiveness occurring between the day of anthesis and 2 days later. The ethylene responsiveness coefficient (the ratio of the concentrations of ethylene giving 90% and 10% abscission) declined from 21 in 1-day-old florets to slightly greater than 1 in older florets; therefore abscission was ultraresponsive (responsiveness coefficient <81) even in 1-day old florets. Younger florets required a higher concentration of ethylene and longer duration of ethylene exposure to induce the abscission response. Even florets aged 2–3 days after anthesis required at least 40 min of exposure to ethylene for the abscission response to occur, irrespective of the concentration.
Influence of nursery period on the growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei under pond production conditions

Techniques for head starting or nursing postlarvae (PL) has received considerable attention with regards to nursery protocols, yet there is little data pertaining to the effects of nursery period on the final growout of shrimp to marketable size. This study was performed to investigate the influence of nursery duration on survival and growth of Litopenuem vannamei during subsequent pond culture. For this research, a single population of high health PL were received from a commercial hatchery and held in a tank for acclimation, quantification, and distribution to nursery tanks or ponds. Treatments included direct stocking of 10-d-old postlarvae (PL,,) into production ponds as well as the nursing of PL in a covered greenhouse nursery system for an additional 10 or 20 d. After nursing, the PL were harvested, quantified, and transferred to growout ponds. All ponds were stocked at a density of 35 PL/mz and maintained under standardized conditions. Shrimp were fed with a 35% protein shrimp feed, twice daily during the 112-d growth trial. Ponds were aerated as needed using a maximum of 19 hpha to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen (DO > 3.0). No statistical differences (P > 0.05) were found in survival, yield, or growth between treatments. At harvest, survivals during growout were generally higher in ponds with nursed shrimp (77% for PL,, and 79% for PL,) than in ponds receiving PL,, shrimp (67%). Yields were similar between treatments, ranging from 3,525 for direct stocked shrimp to 3,747 kgha for those that were nursed for 10 d. Although growth rates of PL under pond conditions will be faster than that of a nursery system, results suggest that a nursery period of at least 10 d helps improve survival during pond production and promotes better size uniformity. Shrimp nursed for 20 d showed little improvement in survival over shrimp nursed for 10 d but did result in a more uniform size of shrimp at harvest. Among the challenges faced by shrimp pond managers is the need to have constant and predictable production. Consistent production is often based on an accurate estimation of shrimp densities in culture ponds. Density during the growout cycle is often predicted based on the initial stocking density, assumed survival, and sampling. Improper stocking and poor estimates of density can affect growth rates, feed inputs, final yields, and ultimately profitability. The first few weeks after stocking are thought to be the most critical in terms of survival of postlarvae (PL). Consequently, methods to allow more accurate stocking and improve survival during the early stages of production period could significantly im
CRISP: Compromise Resilient Identity-based Symmetric PAKE

Password Authenticated Key Exchange (PAKE) protocols allow parties to establish a shared key based only on the knowledge of a password, without leaking any information about it. In this work, we propose a novel notion called “Identity-based PAKE” (iPAKE) that is resilient to the compromise of one or more parties. iPAKE protocols protect all parties in a symmetric setting, whereas in Asymmetric PAKE (aPAKE) only one party (a server) is protected. Binding each party to its identity prevents impersonation between devices with diﬀerent roles and allows the revocation of compromised parties. We further strengthen the notion by introducing “Strong iPAKE” (siPAKE), similar to “Strong aPAKE” (saPAKE), which is additionally immune to pre-computation. To mount an (inevitable) oﬄine dictionary attack, an adversary must ﬁrst compromise a device and only then start an exhaustive search over the entire password dictionary. Rather than storing its password in the clear, each party derives a password ﬁle using its identity and a secret random salt (“salted hash”). Although the random salts are independently selected, any pair of parties is able to establish a cryptographically secure shared key from these ﬁles. We formalize iPAKE and siPAKE notions in the Universally Composable (UC) framework and propose a compiler from PAKE to iPAKE using Identity-Based Key-Agreement. We then present CRISP: a construction of siPAKE from any PAKE using bilinear groups with “Hash2Curve”. We prove CRISP’s UC-security in the Generic Group Model (GGM) and show that each oﬄine password guess requires at least one pairing operation.
Song Dialects in the Corn Bunting (Emberiza calandra)

This paper describes the system of local dialects in the Corn Bunting in Britain. Each dialect population contains between 30 and 100 males, all males within a dialect sing the same form and number of song types. The Corn Bunting is therefore the first species for which both clear local dialects and a repertoire of song types have been described. The boundaries between dialects have remained in the same position for three years. The origin, maintenance and functional significance of dialects in this species are discussed.
Effect of Contextual Teaching Learning Model on Motivation and Learning Outcomes in Civic Education Learning in Junior High School

The learning model has become the latest issue in Civic Education. This study analyzes the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning model to improve students' motivation and learning outcomes in civic education learning. The CTL learning model aims to make students more able to solve a variety of real problems both in lessons and problems that exist outside of school. The research method uses a quantitative approach. The quasi-experimental method was used in a pretest and posttest design group. This research uses random sampling. Then the subject of this study was 34 students in SMP Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. The results of this study indicate that the CTL learning model on the civic education learning of Pancasila values as a basis for the country and the nation's life outlook significantly influences the motivation and learning outcomes of students. Also, the CTL learning model can improve learning outcomes in the medium category.
Meningoencefalite em bovinos causada por herpesvírus bovino-5 no Mato Grosso do Sul e São Paulo

Fifteen outbreaks of bovine herpesvirus-type 5 (BHV-5) infection were diagnosed from August 1993 to December 1996. Fourteen outbreaks occurred in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul and one in the State of Sao Paulo. Cattle 6 to 60 months old were affected. Morbidity reached 0.05% to 5% and case fatality rate was nearly 100%. The disease occurred in different municipalities and at different times of the year. Clinical signs were exclusively nervous, and the clinical course varied from 1 to 15 days. The main histologic lesions were meningitis, diffuse encephalitis and necrosis of the cerebral cortex with intranuclear inclusion bodies in astrocytes and neurons. BHV-5 was isolated from 11 out of 12 brains of infected animals inoculated in calf testis cells and MDBK cells. The virus was identified by immunoperoxidase staining with use of monoclonal specific antibodies. Outbreaks of infection by BHV-5 represent 5% of the total number of bovine cases submitted for diagnosis to the Clinical Hospital of the University of Mato Grosso do Sul. These results indicate the importance of the disease in Mato Grosso do Sul and the need for its differentiation from other diseases which affect the nervous system.
Mapping the multi-step mechanism of a photoredox catalyzed atom-transfer radical polymerization reaction by direct observation of the reactive intermediates

The rapid development of new applications of photoredox catalysis has so far outpaced the mechanistic studies important for rational design of new classes of catalysts. Here, we report the use of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopic methods to reveal both mechanistic and kinetic details of multiple sequential steps involved in an organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization reaction. The polymerization system studied involves a N,N-diaryl dihydrophenazine photocatalyst, a radical initiator (methyl 2-bromopropionate) and a monomer (isoprene). Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements spanning sub-picosecond to microseconds (i.e., almost 8 orders of magnitude of time) track the formation and loss of key reactive intermediates. These measurements identify both the excited state of the photocatalyst responsible for electron transfer and the radical intermediates participating in propagation reactions, as well as quantifying their lifetimes. The outcomes connect the properties of N,N-diaryl dihydrophenazine organic photocatalysts with the rates of sequential steps in the catalytic cycle.
Development of a Simple Lab-Scale Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) Process

The goal of the current study was to develop and demonstrate a simple and quick lab-scale VARTM process for the purpose of making flat panels for subsequent characterization, for example in new materials development efforts. This process was not intended to be optimized for final production, rather it served as the quickest way to make lab-scale composite panels using VARTM while maintaining all the salient features of typical VARTM processes used in larger scale manufacturing. There is a wide variety of ways to implement VARTM, as well as a diverse list of potential materials and supplies from which to choose. The process we arrived at was implemented on a 60 cm x 90 cm (2 ft. x 3 ft.) aluminum plate, which was mounted to a moveable cart and intended for ambient temperature processing (no heaters). Details of the vacuum system, resin distribution strategy, and bagging procedures will be described herein. The system was tested by making carbon/epoxy composite laminates of approximately 30 cm x 45 cm (1 ft. x 1.5 ft.). These panels were tested for thickness variation and fiber volume fraction. Optical microscopy was also used to evaluate the microstructure, and limited tensile testing was performed. The results indicated that the panels were of reasonable quality with no significant porosity.
Using signal detection theory to investigate the role of visual information in performance monitoring in typing

This paper uses the signal detection theory (SDT) to investigate the contribution of visual information to two monitoring-dependent functions, metacognitive awareness of errors and error corrections . Data from two experiments show that complete removal of visual outcome results in a mild decrease in error awareness and a much more significant decrease in correction rates. Partially restoring visual information by including positional information (as in masked password typing) causes a modest but statistically significant improvement in correction performance. Interestingly, participants treat the change to the quality of information differently across the tasks, with more conservative behavior (avoiding false alarms) in the correction task. These findings show the SDT’s ability to quantify, in a graded manner, the contribution of specific types of information to monitoring in complex tasks, while also providing additional information about how participants handle the change to the quality of information in a task-dependent manner.
Modelling faunal responses to climatic gradients with GIS: land snails as a case study

Abstract. This study describes and exemplifies a multivariate approach based on geographical information system (GIS) technology for the analysis of faunal responses to climatic gradients. The approach is particularly suitable for the analysis of museum collections, and it combines the data reduction capabilities of multivariate techniques (ordination and classification) with GIS tools for the manipulation of geographically referenced data. The specific steps of the analysis are (1) construction of a grid covering the study area at an appropriate resolution, (2) overlaying the grid with a data base of spatially referenced species records, (3) determining the number of times each species was recorded in each cell, (4) constructing a matrix of grid cells by species where each entry indicates the number of records of a particular species in a particular cell, (5) removing cells whose total number of records is lower than some threshold (to be determined) from the matrix, (6) analysis of the reduced matrix using ordination and classification techniques, (7) construction of maps representing the results of the multivariate analyses, and (8) analysis of these maps with respect to digital maps of relevant climatological factors. The applicability of this approach was evaluated by analysing the response of the land snail fauna of Israel to regional variation in mean annual rainfall. As was expected, patterns of faunal variation were significantly correlated with underlying variation in rainfall. However, the per‐unit effect of rainfall on the composition of the studied fauna was much greater in dry regions than in more rainy areas. Above 450 mm, no relationships could be detected between the observed patterns of faunal variation and rainfall. These patterns were consistent over a wide range of grid cell sizes (5–20 km), and were robust to outliers. The overall results indicate that the integration of GIS tools with standard multivariate techniques may serve as a valuable methodology for the identification and interpretation of regional patterns of faunal variation.
Analyzing bacterial community in pit mud of Yibin Baijiu in China using high throughput sequencing

“Yibin Baijiu” (YB) is a special Chinese strong-aroma Baijiu (CSAB) that originated in Yibin, a city in western China. YB is fermented in cellars lined with pit mud (PM), the microbiota in which may affect YB quality. In this study, high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to demonstrate the bacterial community structure and diversity in PM of YB. In addition, the physicochemical characteristics of PM were also analyzed, including moisture content, pH, and available phosphorous, ammonia nitrogen, and humic acid levels. Results showed that Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in all PM samples with abundance > 70.0%, followed by Euryarchaeota (11.3%), Bacteroidetes (6.5%), Synergistetes (3.0%), Actinobacteria (1.4%), and Proteobacteria (1.2%). Furthermore, 14 different genera with average relative abundance of > 1% were detected. The Chao1 and Shannon indexes did not vary significantly between the sub-layer and middle-layer PM (P > 0.05). However, Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis showed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the sub-layer PM was significantly higher than in middle-layer PM. pH differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the two groups. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that bacterial community in PM correlated significantly with available phosphorous content and pH. Our study provides basic data for further elucidating the diversity of microbiota in the PM of YB and the potential mechanism of Baijiu production.
Role of T1 Weighted and Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance imaging application in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in lumbar spine in postmenopausal women

Background: Postmenopausal Osteoporosis is one of the most common causes of primary osteoporosis. For two decades, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been applied to the evaluation of intracranial diseases, but technical advancement make it possible to apply DWI measurements to extra cranial sites, including vertebral column. Objective: Using diffusion-weighted MR imaging technology to determine the DWI and ADC values of lumbar vertebral body in postmenopausal women in correlation with the DEXA tscores. Patients and Methods: A cross sectional analytical studywas conducted at Al-Yarmouk Teaching hospital in Baghdad city. A total of 80 postmenopausal women, was recruited from subjects who underwent DEXA of the spine and categorized into three groups according to their t-score: Normal BMD, Osteopenia, and Osteoporosis. Then MRI study done for all of them including: T1, T2, DWI, and ADC value measurement. Results: The values of ADC at L3 vertebra were (0.46 ± 0.098) × 10 -3 mm 2 /s, (0.42 ± 0.084) × 10 -3 mm 2 /s, and (0.39 ± 0.052) × 10 -3 mm 2 /s for the three groups: the normal, osteopenic, osteoporotic respectively. The values of the diffusion signal intensity values at L3 vertebra were 134.5 ± 5.7 mm 2 /s, 112.7 + 3.4 mm 2 /s, 101.3 + 4.4 mm 2 /s respectively. There was a significant difference among the three groups in both diffusion and ADC measurement. Thi-Qar Medical Journal (TQMJ): Vol.(14), No.(2), 2017 851 Conclusion: Both diffusion and ADC values are significantly lower in subjects with postmenopausal osteoporosis. There is a significant positive relationship between T score that was determined by DEXA, and the ADC value.
Specifying urgency in timed I/O automata

Tools and techniques based on timed automata (such as Uppaal and the timed I/O automata framework) have proven to be extremely useful for the analysis of protocols and control software for real-time systems. However, a significant limitation of these approaches is that, due to the expressiveness of the modeling languages, timelocks - degenerate states in which time is unable to pass - can freely arise and cannot, in the general case, be detected. As a remedy to this problem, Sifakis et al. advocate the use of deadline predicates for the specification of progress properties of Alur-Dill style timed automata. In this article, we extend these ideas to a more general setting, which may serve as a basis for deductive verification techniques. More specifically, we extend the TIOA framework of Lynch et al with urgency predicates. We identify a suitable language to describe the resulting timed I/O automata with urgency and show that for this language time reactivity holds by construction. We also establish that the class of timed I/O automata with urgency is closed under composition. The use of urgency predicates is compared with three alternative approaches to specifying progress properties that have been advocated in the literature: invariants, stopping conditions and deadline predicates. We argue that in practice the use of urgency predicates leads to shorter and more natural specifications than any of the other approaches. Some preliminary results on proving invariant properties of timed (I/O) automata with urgency are presented.
Prevalence, Haematology and Risk Factors Associated with Haemoparasites Infections of Small Ruminants Reared in Makurdi, Nigeria

A survey of haemoparasites, haematology and risk factors associated with haemoparasitic infections of small ruminants was conducted in Makurdi between September-December, 2016. A total of 200 sheep and goats comprising of 96 sheep and 104 goats were screened for haemoparasites. A total of 72 (75%) sheep and 71(68%) goats were found positive of either single or mixed infections. Anaplasma spp (69.79% and 61.53%) was found to be the most prevalent in both animals, followed by Babesia spp (11.46% and 0.96%) in goats and sheep respectively. Trypanosoma spp was 1.04% in both sheep and goats. The only mixed infections encountered was Anaplasma spp and Babesia spp in both animals, goats (3.13%) and sheep (1.92%). The prevalence based on sampled location in the sheep and goats were; Mission ward/ katungu,75.81% and 69.54%, Agan ward, 77.27% and 75%, Wurukum, 0% and 33.33%, University Community, 100% and 81.82% and Wadata, 60% and 0% respectively. In relation to sex, for sheep; male 16(76.19%), female 56(74.66%), goats, male 25(68.42%) and female 46(69.70%) and based on age, infected young and adult for sheep were 10(66.67%) and 62(76.54%) while goats were 7(50%) and 64(71.11%) respectively. Prevalence based on breed: for sheep, Yankasa 76.06%, WAD 76.47%, Uda 57.14% and Balami 100% and for goats; WAD 65.30%, Red Sokoto75.86%. There were no statistical differences between the haematology of the infected and non-infected animals. The results of this study clearly revealed that haemoparasite infections is common among small ruminants in Makurdi, and age, sex, breed and location are not risk factors for the diseases. This requires further investigation in the areas of transmission, to establish the genus and species of ticks and other arthropods vectors responsible for the wide spread infections.
Exploring the Impact of Teaching Quality on Children’S Learning Satisfaction in Guangdong for-Profit Education Training Institutions

This study was aimed to explore the impact of teaching quality on children's learning satisfaction in Guangdong for-profit educational training institutions (PETIs). We adopted Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to collect and extract the teaching quality indicators from education scholars and practice experts. Partial least squares method (PLS) was used to analysis 862 valid questionnaires. The results found that, in terms of parents perceived the importance of teaching quality, the training price positively affected teaching methods, professional teacher and curriculum materials. The teaching methods positively affected teaching methods and curriculum materials. The professional teacher positively affected curriculum materials and teaching methods. In addition, the importance of curriculum materials and teaching methods positively affected children learning satisfaction. Finally, this study proposes relevant theoretical implications and practical applications.
A New Design of a Modified Y-Branch Demultiplexer Based on Photonic Crystal Resonant Cavities and Directional Couplers

In this paper a novel design of an optical modified Y-branch demultiplexer based on photonic crystal (PC) architecture is investigated. The designed structure is used to select four-channel around the central wavelength of 1550 nm. The presented device is formed by the combination of the directional couplers (DCs) and resonant cavities (RCs). The coupling region consists of three entire rows of decreased silicon (Si) rods. As fundamental structure a square lattice of Si rods is used. The performance of our demultiplexer has been analyzed and investigated using difference time domain (FDTD) method. The results show that the average transmission efficiency obtained is 99.829% and the channel spacing is approximately 2.13nm. The minimum and maximum crosstalk between channels is -55dB and -41 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the mean value of the quality factor is 9005.25. The compact size of our designed structure makes our proposed demultiplexer suitable for photonic integrated circuits (PIC). Key-Words: Photonic crystal, filter, modified Y-branch demultiplexer, directional couplers , resonant cavities