Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of diabetes training through social networks on metabolic control of individuals with type 2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial

Summary Background Due to spread of smart phones, opportunity to train patients with diabetes and communicate with them using social media is rising. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of training through two popular social networks in Iran (“Telegram” and “Soroush”) and the metabolic control of people with Type 2 diabetes. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, we recruited 134 patients with type 2 diabetes, which randomly allocated into two groups: the intervention and the control group on a 1:1 basis. The studied tools included demographic information and awareness of diabetes and international physical activity questionnaires. The intervention comprised a training package that delivered to the intervention group via social media for 45 days. The primary outcome measures included awareness of diabetes management and physical activity level while secondary outcome measures were HbA1c and lipid profile. Results Social network training led to the increase of the patients’ awareness (44.31 ± 2.78 to 46.88 ± 2.25 in intervention group vs 44.14 ± 3.85 to 44.41 ± 3.87 in control group) and physical activities level (23.64 ± 8.46 to 31.68 ± 7.12 in intervention group vs 26.20 ± 9.39 to 30.20 ± 8.11 in control group) (p-value < 0.001). Besides, LDL and HDL levels, and HbA1c (8.19 ± 2.10 to 8.05 ± 1.96 in intervention group vs. 7.53 ± 1.67 to 7.45 ± 1.34 in control group) decreased significantly (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions Changes in lifestyle and challenges of the patients’ attendance in diabetes training sessions, declared that use of social networks can be useful to train diabetes patients remotely, and it is feasible to send training messages to help them improve their diabetes care.
Association of tameness and sociability but no sign of domestication syndrome in mice selectively bred for active tameness

Abstract Domesticated animals have been developed by selecting desirable traits following the initial unconscious selection stage, and now exhibit phenotypes desired by humans. Tameness is a common behavioural trait found in all domesticated animals. At the same time, these domesticated animals exhibit a variety of morphological, behavioural, and physiological traits that differ from their wild counterparts of their ancestral species. These traits are collectively referred to as domestication syndrome. However, whether this phenomenon exists is debatable. Previously, selective breeding has been used to enhance active tameness, a motivation to interact with humans, in wild heterogeneous stock mice derived from eight wild inbred strains. In the current study, we used tame mice to study how selective breeding for active tameness affects behavioural and morphological traits. A series of behavioural and morphological analyses on mice showed an increased preference for social stimuli and a longer duration of engagement in non‐aggressive behaviour. However, no differences were observed in exploratory or anxiety‐related behaviours. Similarly, selection for tameness did not affect ultrasonic vocalisations in mice, and no changes were observed in known morphological traits associated with domestication syndrome. These results suggest that there may be a link between active tameness and sociability and provide insights into the relationship between tameness and other behaviours in the context of domestication.
Healthcare infections and antimicrobial consumption in pre-COVID-19 era: a point prevalence survey in three hospitals in a region of Central Italy

Summary Introduction Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major global public health concern, increasing the transmission of drug-resistant infections. This point prevalence survey investigated HAIs occurrence and antimicrobial consumption (AMC) in pre-COVID-19 era in the public hospitals of a region of Central Italy. Methods Data were collected using the protocol standardised by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Results Three-hundred and sixty-four patients were included (59.3% male) in the study. Overall, HAIs prevalence was 6.6% (95%CI 4.4-9.5), ranging from 5.2% to 7.1% within the surveyed hospitals, with at least one infection in 24 patients (ten each in medical and surgical specialties wards, and four in intensive care). Risk factors for HAIs were advanced age, having undergone surgery and wearing invasive devices. At time of the survey, 44.7% (95%CI 39.7-49.9) of patients was under treatment with at least one antibiotic, and AMC varied between 43% and 48% within hospitals. In all hospitals, a prevalence higher than 10% was found for the prescription reasons other than prophylaxis or therapy. Conclusions The results revealed a HAIs prevalence lower than that estimated compared to the most recent national data, in contrast to higher antimicrobial usage. These findings highlight the need to reinforce hygiene practices and develop bundles for HAIs, as a broad implementation of infection prevention and control practices extensively applied to both hub and spoke hospitals could significantly reduce their occurrence, as well as to implement antimicrobial stewardship for prescriptive appropriateness.
Mutation of novel ethanol‐responsive lncRNA Gm41261 impacts ethanol‐related behavioral responses in mice

Abstract Chronic alcohol exposure results in widespread dysregulation of gene expression that contributes to the pathogenesis of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Long noncoding RNAs are key regulators of the transcriptome that we hypothesize coordinate alcohol‐induced transcriptome dysregulation and contribute to AUD. Based on RNA‐Sequencing data of human prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens of AUD versus non‐AUD brain, the human LINC01265 and its predicted murine homolog Gm41261 (i.e., TX2) were selected for functional interrogation. We tested the hypothesis that TX2 contributes to ethanol drinking and behavioral responses to ethanol. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis was used to create a TX2 mutant mouse line in which 306 base‐pairs were deleted from the locus. RNA analysis revealed that an abnormal TX2 transcript was produced at an unchanged level in mutant animals. Behaviorally, mutant mice had reduced ethanol, gaboxadol and zolpidem‐induced loss of the righting response and reduced tolerance to ethanol in both sexes. In addition, a male‐specific reduction in two‐bottle choice every‐other‐day ethanol drinking was observed. Male TX2 mutants exhibited evidence of enhanced GABA release and altered GABAA receptor subunit composition in neurons of the nucleus accumbens shell. In C57BL6/J mice, TX2 within the cortex was cytoplasmic and largely present in Rbfox3+ neurons and IBA1+ microglia, but not in Olig2+ oligodendrocytes or in the majority of GFAP+ astrocytes. These data support the hypothesis that TX2 mutagenesis and dysregulation impacts ethanol drinking behavior and ethanol‐induced behavioral responses in mice, likely through alterations in the GABAergic system.
Prevalence of excess screen time among secondary school children in rural India

Summary Introduction Screen time has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among children and teenagers. This has come at the expense of their healthy eating habits, physical activity and adequate amount of quality sleep. The excessive use of screen-device can lead to addiction which starts during adolescent years. Objectives: Primary Objective: to assess prevalence of excess screen time among secondary school children; Secondary Objective: to correlate Body Mass Index (BMI), sleep duration, duration of physical activity and food habits with screen time duration. Material and Methods Study settings and design: cross-sectional study was conducted in secondary schools in the rural field practice area of a private medical college in Pune, India. The study included 184 school children from eighth to tenth standard. Data was collected using a self-administered, questionnaire. Results Prevalence of excess screen time among secondary school children was 83.2%. Mobile phone was the most used device (98.9%). There was a significant association between excess screen time and inadequate sleep. Conclusions The present study reports high prevalence of excess screen time in rural school going children in rural India. There is a need for strategies to combat this in school health programs on priority.
Stem Cell Repor ts

SUMMARY Thrombopoietin(TPO) andits receptor MPL play crucial roles in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function andplatelet production. However, the precise effects of TPO/MPL signaling on HSC regulation in different hematopoietic niches remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of TPO/MPL ablation on marrow and splenic hematopoiesis in TPO (cid:1) / (cid:1) and MPL (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice during aging. Despite severe thrombocytopenia, TPO (cid:1) / (cid:1) and MPL (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice did not develop marrow failure during a 2-year follow-up. Marrow and splenic HSCs exhibited different responses to TPO/MPL ablation and exogenous TPO treatment. Splenic niche cells compensated for marrow HSC loss in TPO (cid:1) / (cid:1) and MPL (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice by upregulating CXCL12 levels. These ﬁndings provide new insights into the complex regulation of HSCs by TPO/MPL and reveal a previously unknown link between TPO and CXCL12, two key growth factors for HSC maintenance. Understanding the distinct regulatory mechanisms between marrow and spleen hematopoiesis will help to develop novel therapeutic approaches for hematopoietic disorders.
Effects of unstable β-PheRS on food avoidance, growth, and development are suppressed by the appetite hormone CCHa2

ABSTRACT Amino acyl-tRNA synthetases perform diverse non-canonical functions aside from their essential role in charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acid. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS/FARS) is an α2β2 tetramer that is needed for charging the tRNAPhe for its translation activity. Fragments of the α-subunit have been shown to display an additional, translation-independent, function that activates growth and proliferation and counteracts Notch signalling. Here we show in Drosophila that overexpressing the β-subunit in the context of the complete PheRS leads to larval roaming, food avoidance, slow growth, and a developmental delay that can last several days and even prevents pupation. These behavioural and developmental phenotypes are induced by PheRS expression in CCHa2+ and Pros+ cells. Simultaneous expression of β-PheRS, α-PheRS, and the appetite-inducing CCHa2 peptide rescued these phenotypes, linking this β-PheRS activity to the appetite-controlling pathway. The fragmentation dynamic of the excessive β-PheRS points to β-PheRS fragments as possible candidate inducers of these phenotypes. Because fragmentation of human FARS has also been observed in human cells and mutations in human β-PheRS (FARSB) can lead to problems in gaining weight, Drosophila β-PheRS can also serve as a model for the human phenotype and possibly also for obesity.
Facteurs de variation de la fertilité en première insémination et des taux de mortalités embryonnaires en élevages laitiers Prim'Holstein

L'enquete FERTILIA a ete realisee entre le 1 er septembre 2004 et le 30 juin 2005 dans 135 elevages Prim'Holstein. Les donnees concernant les caracteristiques des troupeaux et les pratiques liees a la conduite de la reproduction ont ete collectees aupres des eleveurs et celles concernant les conditions et la technique d'insemination (IA) pour 4667 premieres IA aupres des inseminateurs. La progesterone a ete dosee dans le lait le jour de l'IA et 21 jours plus tard. Un constat de gestation a ete fait entre 45 et 75 jours apres IA, par dosage de PSPB, echographie ou palper. Le taux de gestation global a ete de 45,9 %. Le taux d'IA au mauvais moment (IAMM) a ete de 4,5 %. Les incidences de non fecondation ou mortalite embryonnaire precoce (NF-MEP) et mortalite embryonnaire tardive (MET) ont ete respectivement de 36,8 et 31,1 %. Les effets troupeaux et les effets individuels lies aux conditions d'IA sur ces performances de reproduction ont ete etudies. L'utilisation inappropriee de traitements hormonaux sur les vaches non vues en chaleurs apres velage et l'utilisation du constat de gestation ont eu un effet sur le taux d'IAMM. Le groupement des velages et l'utilisation du controle d'involution uterine ont influence le taux de NF-MEP. Enfin, le taux de gestation a varie selon l'utilisation d'un planning de reproduction et la production laitiere moyenne du troupeau. Les performances de reproduction ont aussi ete influencees par la saison et le moment de l'IA, le nombre de vaches a inseminer en meme temps, la qualite de la contention (jugee par l'inseminateur) et la facilite de passage du col.
The Prediction Model of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Psychiatric Patients Using Decision Tree Analysis

Purpose The prevalence rate of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in the clinical population is higher than that in the community sample, necessitating the need to investigate the predicting factors of NSSI in this group. The present study aimed to develop a prediction model of NSSI among psychiatric patients in Korea. Materials and Methods Decision tree analysis was conducted on a sample of 224 psychiatric patients. Emotion regulation strategies (rumination, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression), impulsivity, problematic alcohol use, working memory, depressive mood, and gender were included in the model as predictors of NSSI. Results Results indicated that rumination, problematic alcohol use, and working memory predicted lifetime NSSI engagement among psychiatric patients. The best predictor of lifetime NSSI engagement was rumination. Specifically, when the level of rumination was high, the level of working memory was lower, and the risk of NSSI was higher. In the case of low levels of rumination, the higher the level of problematic alcohol use, the higher the risk of NSSI. The highest prevalence of lifetime NSSI engagement was found in a subgroup of patients with high levels of rumination and low levels of working memory. Conclusion The major contribution of this study is finding a combination of factors to predict the high-risk group of NSSI among psychiatric patients in Korea. This study provides evidence on the effect of rumination, working memory, and problematic alcohol use on NSSI. It is suggested that clinicians and researchers should pay more attention to emotion regulation and related vulnerabilities in preventing and treating NSSI.
Preoperative CT and MRI assessment of the longitudinal tumor extent of extrahepatic bile duct cancer after biliary drainage.

PURPOSE To examine the diagnostic performance for the longitudinal extent of extrahepatic bile duct (EHD) cancer on computed tomography (CT) after biliary drainage (BD) and investigate the appropriate timing of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition. METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for EHD cancer and CT pre- and post-BD between November 2005 and June 2021. The biliary segment-wise longitudinal tumor extent was evaluated according to the 2019 Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology consensus recommendations, with pre-BD CT, post-BD CT, and both pre- and post-BD CT. The performance for tumor detectability was compared using GEEs. When preoperative MRI was performed, patients were divided into two subgroups according to the timing of MRI with respect to BD, and the performance of MRI obtained pre- and post-BD was compared. RESULTS In 105 patients (mean age: 67 ± 8 years; 74 men and 31 women), the performance for tumor detectability was superior using both CT scans compared with using post-BD CT alone (reader 1: sensitivity, 72.6% vs. 64.6%, P < 0.001; specificity, 96.9% vs. 94.8%, P = 0.063; reader 2: sensitivity, 77.2% vs. 72.9%, P = 0.126; specificity, 97.5% vs. 94.2%, P = 0.003), and it was comparable with using pre-BD CT alone. In biliary segments with a catheter, higher sensitivity and specificity were observed using both CT scans than using post-BD CT (reader 1: sensitivity, 74.4% vs. 67.5%, P = 0.006; specificity, 92.4% vs. 88.0%, P = 0.068; reader 2: sensitivity, 80.5% vs. 74.4%, P = 0.013; specificity, 94.3% vs. 88.0%, P = 0.016). Post-BD MRI (n = 30) exhibited a comparable performance to pre-BD MRI (n = 55) (reader 1: sensitivity, 77.9% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.605; specificity, 97.2% vs. 94.9%, P = 0.256; reader 2: sensitivity, 73.2% vs. 72.6%, P = 0.926; specificity, 98.4% vs. 94.9%, P = 0.068). CONCLUSION Pre-BD CT provided better diagnostic performance in the preoperative evaluation of EHD cancer. The longitudinal tumor extent could be accurately assessed with post-BD MRI, which was similar to pre-BD MRI. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The acquisition of pre-BD CT could be beneficial for the preoperative evaluation of EHD cancer when BD is planned. Post-BD MRI would not be significantly affected by BD in terms of the diagnostic performance of the longitudinal tumor extent.
The Association between Serum Lipid Levels and Tinnitus Prevalence and Severity in Korean Elderly: A Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose We aimed to investigate the association between serum lipid level and tinnitus risk in Korean older adults. Materials and Methods This study used data from the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Overall, 6021 subjects aged ≥60 years were included. Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as a serum triglyceride level of ≥200 mg/dL. The high-risk threshold of the total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio was defined as above 5.0. The presence of tinnitus was assessed via health interviews. Tinnitus severity was classified as “not annoying,” “irritating,” and “severely annoying and causing sleep problems. ” Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between serum lipid level and tinnitus risk. Results The odds ratio (OR) of tinnitus was 1.27-times higher in the group with hypertriglyceridemia than in the group without hypertriglyceridemia after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, anemia, current smoking, obesity, noise exposure, stress cognition, and depressive mood or anxiety [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.56, p=0.022]. The OR of tinnitus was 1.21-times higher in the group with a high TC/HDL-C ratio than in the group without a high TC/HDL-C ratio after adjusting for the same variables as above (95% CI 1.02–1.44, p=0.025). Conclusion This study revealed that hypertriglyceridemia and high TC/HDL-C ratio were significantly associated with an increased OR of tinnitus in Korean older adults.
The HIV-1 reservoir landscape in persistent elite controllers and transient elite controllers.

BACKGROUND Persistent controllers (PC) maintain antiretroviral-free HIV-1 control indefinitely over time while transient controllers (TC) eventually lose virological control. It is essential to characterize the quality of the HIV reservoir of these phenotypes to identify the factors that lead to HIV progression and to open new avenues in HIV cure strategies. METHODS The characterization of HIV-1 reservoir, from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, was performed using next-generation sequencing techniques, such as full-length individual and matched integration site proviral sequencing (FLIP-seq; MIP-seq). RESULTS PC and TC before losing virological control, presented significantly lower total, intact and defective proviruses compared to participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART). No differences were found in total and defective proviruses between PC and TC. However, intact provirus levels were lower in PC compared to TC, being the intact/defective HIV-DNA ratio significantly higher in TC. Clonally expanded intact proviruses were found only in PC and located in centromeric satellite DNA or zinc-finger genes, both associated with heterochromatin features. In contrast, sampled intact proviruses were located in permissive genic euchromatic positions in TC. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the need for, and can give guidance to the design of, future research to identify a distinct proviral landscape that may be associated with the persistent control of HIV-1 without ART. FUNDING Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI17/00186, FI19/00083, MV20/00057 PI18/01532, PI19/01127 and PI22/01796), Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía (PI20/1276), Gilead Fellowships (GLD22/00147) and I+D+iFEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 (US-1380938).
Structural consolidation methods for the Temple of Santa Maria della Consolazione in Todi (Perugia, Italy), damaged by landslides and earthquakes

Between the years 1990 and 2001, restoration and strengthening operations were carried out on the Temple in two distinct phases: firstly, in order to face the historical foundational difficulties of this edifice, which had begun as far back as at the completion of its construction (spread roughly over a century, from 1508 to 1606); secondly, in order to repair the damages to its higher structure caused by the earthquakes in Umbria and Marche, which had begun in 1997. After an ample description of the building, the geology of the Todi Hill is defined, followed by the diagnostic and analytical phases of the project (1985–1987), the project itself (1987) and the restoration and strengthening operations (1990). Subsequently, we describe the preliminary studies, the project and the conservation and repair work carried out on the monument after it was damaged by earthquakes beginning in 1997.
Potentiating the radiation-induced type I interferon anti-tumoral immune response by ATM inhibition in pancreatic cancer.

Radiotherapy induces a Type I interferon (T1IFN)-mediated anti-tumoral immune response that we hypothesized could be potentiated by a first-in-class ATM inhibitor leading to enhanced innate immune signaling, T1IFN expression, and sensitization to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. We evaluated the effects of AZD1390 or a structurally related compound AZD0156 on innate immune signaling and found that both inhibitors enhanced radiation-induced T1IFN expression via the POLIII/RIG-I/MAVS pathway. In immunocompetent syngeneic mouse models of pancreatic cancer, ATM inhibitor enhanced radiation-induced anti-tumoral immune responses and sensitized to anti-PD-L1, producing immunogenic memory and durable tumor control. Therapeutic responses were associated with increased intratumoral CD8+ T cell frequency and effector function. Tumor control was dependent on CD8+ T cells as therapeutic efficacy was blunted in CD8+ T cell-depleted mice. Adaptive immune responses to combination therapy provided systemic control of contralateral tumors outside of the radiation field. Taken together, we show that a clinical candidate ATM inhibitor enhances radiation-induced T1IFN leading to both innate and subsequent adaptive anti-tumoral immune responses and sensitization of otherwise resistant pancreatic cancer to immunotherapy.