Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Indoor Plants on Patient Recovery: Physiological and Psychological Effects in Dental Clinics

Patient recovery and well-being in healthcare settings can be influenced by various factors, including the stress induced by hospitalization and medical care. This study investigated the impact of indoor plants on patient recovery in dental clinics using state-of-the-art techniques to address the limited evidence supporting the claim that nature can alleviate stress and pain in hospitals. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to either a room with indoor plants or a control room without plants for a duration of 5 minutes after their treatment. Physiological responses were assessed using electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability, and skin conductance, whereas psychological responses were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The results revealed a significant increase in alpha wave power in the frontal region, indicating enhanced relaxation, as well as a significant increase in parasympathetic activity, suggesting improved autonomic balance. Furthermore, a significant decrease in skin conductance was observed when indoor plants were present compared with their absence, indicating reduced physiological arousal. Psychological assessments using the STAI demonstrated lower levels of stress and anxiety, whereas the VAS indicated reduced pain intensity among participants. Overall, these findings suggest that the presence of indoor plants contributes to patients’ relaxation and improved coping mechanisms during the recovery process. This study highlights the significance of incorporating indoor plants into healthcare settings to enhance patients’ overall well-being and promote positive recovery outcomes.
Precipitation bias correction of very high resolution regional climate models

Abstract. Regional climate models are prone to biases in precipitation that are problematic for use in impact models such as hydrology models. A large number of methods have already been proposed aimed at correcting various moments of the rainfall distribution. They all require that the model produce the same or a higher number of rain days than the observational data sets, which are usually gridded data sets. Models have traditionally met this condition because their spatial resolution was coarser than the observational grids. But recent climate simulations use higher resolution and the models are likely to systematically produce fewer rain days than the gridded observations. In this study, model outputs from a simulation at 2 km resolution are compared with gridded and in situ observational data sets to determine whether the new scenario calls for revised methodologies. The gridded observations are found to be inadequate to correct the high-resolution model at daily timescales, because they are subjected to too frequent low intensity precipitation due to spatial averaging. A histogram equalisation bias correction method was adapted to the use of station, alleviating the problems associated with relative low-resolution observational grids. The wet-day frequency condition might not be satisfied for extremely dry biases, but the proposed approach substantially increases the applicability of bias correction to high-resolution models. The method is efficient at bias correcting both seasonal and daily characteristic of precipitation, providing more accurate information that is crucial for impact assessment studies.
Discriminating between the Lognormal and the Log-Logistic Distributions for Hydrological Frequency Analysis

Discriminating between competitive statistical models is an important problem in hydrological frequency analysis. The present study deals with discrimination between the two-parameter lognormal ( LN2 ) and the two-parameter log-logistic ( LLOG2 ) distributions, or, equivalently, between the normal ( N ) and the logistic ( LOG ) distributions. Previous work using the likelihood ratio (LR) statistic suggested that discrimination between these distributions is difficult, and that criteria other than LR need to be studied in hope of finding criteria with better discriminating power. In the present study, several criteria other than LR are considered, and their ability to discriminate between the LN2 and LLOG2 distributions is assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. The results confirm previous findings that discrimination between the two distributions is difficult with small samples, but a criterion based on the Shapiro-Wilk statistic appears to be the most appropriate for sample sizes typically encountered in.
Negative first impression judgements of autistic children by non-autistic adults

Introduction Although autism inclusion and acceptance has increased in recent years, autistic people continue to face stigmatization, exclusion, and victimization. Based on brief 10-second videos, non-autistic adults rate autistic adults less favourably than they rate non-autistic adults in terms of traits and behavioural intentions. In the current study, we extended this paradigm to investigate the first impressions of autistic and non-autistic children by non-autistic adult raters and examined the relationship between the rater's own characteristics and bias against autistic children. Method Segments of video recorded interviews from 15 autistic and 15 non-autistic children were shown to 346 undergraduate students in audio with video, audio only, video only, transcript, or still image conditions. Participants rated each child on a series of traits and behavioural intentions toward the child, and then completed a series of questionnaires measuring their own social competence, autistic traits, quantity and quality of past experiences with autistic people, and explicit autism stigma. Results Overall, autistic children were rated more negatively than non-autistic children, particularly in conditions containing audio. Raters with higher social competence and explicit autism stigma rated autistic children more negatively, whereas raters with more autistic traits and more positive past experiences with autistic people rated autistic children more positively. Discussion These rapid negative judgments may contribute to the social exclusion experienced by autistic children. The findings indicate that certain personal characteristics may be related to more stigmatised views of autism and decreased willingness to interact with the autistic person. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the social inclusion and well-being of autistic people.
Ozone climatological profiles for satellite retrieval algorithms

[1] A new altitude-dependent ozone climatology has been produced for use with the version 8 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet retrieval algorithms. The climatology consists of monthly average ozone profiles for 10° latitude zones covering altitudes from 0 to 60 km (in Z* pressure altitude coordinates). The climatology was formed by combining data from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II; 1988–2001) or Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; 1991–1999) with data from balloon sondes (1988–2002). Ozone below 10 km is based on balloon sondes, whereas ozone at 19 km and above is based on SAGE II measurements. When SAGE data are not available (at high latitudes), MLS data are used. The ozone climatology in the southern hemisphere and tropics has been greatly improved in recent years by the addition of a large number of balloon sonde measurements made under the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes program. The new climatology better represents the seasonal behavior of ozone in the troposphere, including the known hemispheric asymmetry, and in the upper stratosphere. A modification of this climatology was used for the TOMS version 8 retrieval that includes total ozone dependence, which is important in the lower stratosphere. Comparisons of TOMS ozone with ground stations show improved accuracy over previous TOMS retrievals due in part to the new climatology.
Fixed or tracking solar collectors? Helping the decision process with the Solar Resource Enhancement Factor

The Solar Resource Enhancement Factor (SREF) method is proposed here to help solar system designers optimize their installations and decrease their risk. The method is based on solar radiation data from 239 sites in the United States to evaluate the variance in collected irradiation when using flat-plate and concentrating solar collectors (thermal or PV) mounted on fixed or tracking structures of various geometries. SREF can be predicted from readily available solar resource indicators and latitude for winter, summer or annual usage. An estimate of the year-to-year variability of the annual collected energy is also provided. The method should be accurate enough for use in most areas of the world.
Novel Siglec-15-Sia axis inhibitor leads to colorectal cancer cell death by targeting miR-6715b-3p and oncogenes

Siglecs are well known immunotherapeutic targets in cancer. Current checkpoint inhibitors have exhibited limited efficacy, prompting a need for novel therapeutics for targets such as Siglec-15. Presently, small molecule inhibitors targeting Siglec-15 are not explored alongside characterised regulatory mechanisms involving microRNAs in CRC progression. Therefore, a small molecule inhibitor to target Siglec-15 was elucidated in vitro and microRNA mediated inhibitor effects were investigated. Our research findings demonstrated that the SHG-8 molecule exerted significant cytotoxicity on cell viability, migration, and colony formation, with an IC50 value of approximately 20µM. SHG-8 exposure induced late apoptosis in vitro in SW480 CRC cells. Notably, miR-6715b-3p was the most upregulated miRNA in high-throughput sequencing, which was also validated via RT-qPCR. MiR-6715b-3p may regulate PTTG1IP, a potential oncogene which was validated via RT-qPCR and in silico analysis. Additionally, molecular docking studies revealed SHG-8 interactions with the Siglec-15 binding pocket with the binding affinity of -5.4 kcal/mol, highlighting its role as a small molecule inhibitor. Importantly, Siglec-15 and PD-L1 are expressed on mutually exclusive cancer cell populations, suggesting the potential for combination therapies with PD-L1 antagonists.
Waveform inversion of broad‐band data of local earthquakes in the Koyna–Warna region, western India

SUMMARY The Koyna–Warna region in western India is the best example of reservoir triggered seismicity. The world’s largest triggered earthquake of magnitude 6.3 occurred in Koyna in 1967, followed by several moderate to small earthquakes ever since. A digital seismograph network deployed for seismic monitoring during 2005 August to 2008 December has indicated a shift in concentration of seismicity towards south in the Warna region including a new zone of seismic activity to the southwest. During the observation period 13 earthquakes of magnitude 4 and greater have occurred of which 11 occurred near the Warna region while only two occurred in Koyna. In this study we modelled broad-band waveform data of six of these earthquakes near Warna using waveform inversion approach. Initially a new velocity model was determined using a joint hypocentral determination approach that simultaneously solves for the velocity structure as well as the hypocentral parameters. A trap thickness of 1.2km with a P-wave velocity of 4.40kms −1 and an upper crustal layer down to 10km with a velocity of 5.96kms −1 are obtained. The new model not only provides the minimum residual error for the traveltimes, but consistently provides the least mismatch error in the waveform inversion of all the events, performing better than any of the previously determined velocity models. In general, focal mechanisms of normal type with NS to NNW–SSE oriented fault planes are obtained for all these events that are correlated with probable faults inferred from satellite images and aeromagnetic anomalies. Focal depths in the range of 5–6km are obtained for earthquakes in the Warna region based on the sensitivity of whole waveform inversion at local distances. It is felt that joint inversion of waveform data of several earthquakes with a wider spatial distribution, along with the velocity structure would help in precisely characterizing the faulting mechanism and seismogenic depth range for the Koyna–Warna region in future.
Mean thermal structure of the low‐latitude middle atmosphere studied using Gadanki Rayleigh lidar, Rocket, and SABER/TIMED observations

[1] The present study delineates the low-latitude thermal structure in the altitude range of 30 to 110 km using Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E) Rayleigh lidar (1998–2007), Thumba (8.5°N,77°E) rocketsondes (1970–1991), and SABER/TIMED satellite (2002–2007) observations. This study particularly addresses whether (1) the lidar data available only during nighttime is sufficient to study the background mean thermal structure in 30–80 km altitude region, (2) the nonavailability of the lidar data during cloudy seasons (monsoon) will affect the derived background mean thermal structure, and (3) any alternate satellite observations can be used for getting the thermal structure of the middle atmosphere. The comparisons between temperatures measured by Rayleigh lidar and SABER show good agreement, suggesting that SABER data can be used effectively to study the mean thermal structure. The nocturnal average and diurnal average of temperature from SABER show similar features, suggesting that data available from lidar only during nighttime can be effectively used to study the mean background thermal structure between 30 and 80 km. Large difference between SABER and lidar observations during monsoon suggests that low data rate available from the lidar is not sufficient to obtain the mean thermal structure during cloudy seasons. Beside this, variations in stratopause (mesopause) height and temperature are also studied. The stratopause and mesopause lie in the height region of 47–49 km and 97–99 km, with peak temperature of 265 K and 170 K, respectively. Stratopause height and temperature show clear semiannual oscillation. No significant seasonal variation is observed either in mesopause height or in temperature at this low latitude.
Persistence of alpine grass-dominated vegetation on abandoned mountain summer farms in Western Norway

Centuries of seasonal farming in the Norwegian mountains led to a decrease in forested areas, a lowering of the alpine tree- and forest lines, and an increase in grassland coverage in the subalpine zone. Since the mid-19th century seasonal farming has declined significantly. In the sub-alpine belt, this has resulted in woodland succession on former hay meadows and open grasslands and heathlands. In contrast, vegetation changes caused by seasonal farming and its decline in alpine environments may be comparatively subtle because of unsuitable conditions for tree growth. The study examines vegetation changes in a former mountain summer farming area in the alpine zone of Western Norway using data on present and previous vegetation and old photographs. On curtilages high levels of defoliation, trampling and nutrient accumulation resulted in grass- and herb-dominated vegetation that differs significantly from that of surrounding areas. This curtilage-specific vegetation is persistent and occurs even at locations that have been grazed with only low intensity for several decades. Local concentrations of nutrients are probably a key factor that maintains the grass-dominated vegetation and strongly delays or even prevents regrowth of shrub heath.
Large‐scale spatial variability of riverbed temperature gradients in Snake River fall Chinook salmon spawning areas

In the Snake River basin of the Pacific northwestern United States, hydroelectric dam operations are often based on the predicted emergence timing of salmon fry from the riverbed. The spatial variability and complexity of surface water and riverbed temperature gradients results in emergence timing predictions that are likely to have large errors. The objectives of this study were to quantify the thermal heterogeneity between the river and riverbed in fall Chinook salmon spawning areas and to determine the effects of thermal heterogeneity on fall Chinook salmon emergence timing. This study quantified river and riverbed temperatures at 15 fall Chinook salmon spawning sites distributed in two reaches throughout 160 km of the Snake River in Hells Canyon, Idaho, USA, during 3 different water years. Temperatures were measured during the fall Chinook salmon incubation period with self‐contained data loggers placed in the river and at three different depths below the riverbed surface. At all sites, temperature increased with depth into the riverbed, including significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean hourly water temperature of up to 3.8°C between the river and the riverbed among all the sites. During each of the 3 water years studied, river and riverbed temperatures varied significantly among all the study sites, among the study sites within each reach and between sites located in the two reaches. Considerable variability in riverbed temperatures among the sites resulted in fall Chinook salmon emergence timing estimates that varied by as much as 36 days within a reach, depending on the source of temperature data used for the estimate. Monitoring of riverbed temperature gradients at a range of spatial scales throughout the Snake River would provide better information for managing hydroelectric dam operations, and would aid in the design and interpretation of future empirical research into the ecological significance of physical riverine processes. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Thia-Analogous Indirubin N-Glycoside Disrupts Mitochondrial Function and Causes the Death of Human Melanoma and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells

Skin cancer is the most common malignant disease worldwide and, therefore, also poses a challenge from a pharmacotherapeutic perspective. Derivatives of indirubin are an interesting option in this context. In the present study, the effects of 3-[3′-oxo-benzo[b]thiophen-2′-(Z)-ylidene]-1-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-oxindole (KD87), a thia-analogous indirubin N-glycoside, on the viability and mitochondrial properties of melanoma (A375) and squamous cell carcinoma cells (A431) of the skin were investigated. In both cell lines, KD87 caused decreased viability, the activation of caspases-3 and -7, and the inhibition of colony formation. At the mitochondrial level, a concentration-dependent decrease in both the basal and ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate and in the reserve capacity of oxidative respiration were registered in the presence of KD87. These changes were accompanied by morphological alterations in the mitochondria, a release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and significant reductions in succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B (SDHB, subunit of complex II) in A375 and A431 cells and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8 (NDUFB8, subunit of complex I) in A375 cells. The effect of KD87 was accompanied by a significant upregulation of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1, whose inhibition led to a partial but significant reduction in the metabolic-activity-reducing effect of KD87. In summary, our data show a mitochondria-targeting effect of KD87 as part of the cytotoxic effect of this compound on skin cancer cells, which should be considered in future studies with this class of compounds.
Study of Heritability and Genetic Advance of Agronomic Traits in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Graphic Analysis of Trait Relations by Biplot

Crop yield is a complex trait determined by several components that may positively or negatively affect this trait and its improvement is a major goal of breeding programs. In this study, a population of 148 barley doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between "Clipper" and an "Sahara3771" were grown in the experimental field of University of Tabriz, in the 2011 and 2012 barley growing seasons to assess the presence of variability for desired traits and amount of variation for different parameters. Variance components, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance were estimated for all the traits. The lowest differences between genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation observed for awn length, stem diameter and hundred grain weight. Highest value of narrow sense heritability was recorded for hundred grain weight (93.52). High genetic gain were observed in number of grain per plant, grain yield and hundred grain weight, suggesting that selection based on phenotypic performance of this trait would be effective to improvement value of these traits. In this study, the interrelationships among yield and other agronomic traits were also investigated using genotype by trait biplot technique. Positive relations were found between grain yield, number of grain per plant and stem diameter. The results showed that line L75 produced maximum grain yield, number of grain per plant, biomass, plant height and peduncle length. The study revealed that genotype by trait (GT) biplot can graphically display the interrelationships among traits and facilitate visual comparison of lines.
Field Measured Spectral Albedo–Four Years of Data from the Western U.S. Prairie

This paper presents an initial look at four years of spectral measurements used to calculate albedo for the Colorado prairie just east of the Rocky Mountain range foothills. Some issues associated with calculating broadband albedo from thermopile sensors are discussed demonstrating that uncorrected instrument issues have led to incorrect conclusions. Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) is defined for the spectral instruments in this study and used to demonstrate the dramatic changes that can be monitored with this very sensitive product. Examples of albedo wavelength and solar‐zenith angle dependence for different stages of vegetative growth and senescence are presented. The spectral albedo of fresh snow and its spectral and solar‐zenith angle dependence are discussed and contrasted with other studies of these dependencies. We conclude that fresh snow is consistent with a Lambertian reflector over the solar incidence angles measured; this is contrary to most snow albedo results. Even a slope of a degree or two in the viewed surface can explain the asymmetry in the morning and afternoon albedos for snow and vegetation. Plans for extending these spectral measurements for albedo to longer wavelengths and to additional sites are described.