Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First-time versus repeat visitors’ behavior patterns: a GPS analysis

Past research conducted on visitors' behavior has highlighted the differences between first-time and repeat visitors in urban and natural settings. To determine whether these differences also exist in a monumental city, we have studied visitor behavior in the historic city of Girona (Spain). Data from 1288 GPS tracking were recorded. Of these, 928 were first-time visitors, and the remaining 360 corresponded to repeat visitors. Findings show that there is very little difference in how first-time and repeat visitors act, compared to visitor behavior in other types of tourist destinations. Nevertheless, the results do demonstrate differences between low frequency visitors (between 1 and 4 visits) and high frequency visitors (more than 4 visits). These results suggest that sightseeing creates very homogeneous behavior pattern between first-time and repeat visitors, and highlight the need to differentiate repeat visitors according to the number of visits done in the monumental city.
Seasonal Patterns of Energy in China

Abstract This paper provides evidence on the relevance of modeling adequately the seasonal character of coal and electricity production across Chinese regions. Unlike other work, this paper relaxes the assumption ofdeterministic seasonality, allowing for time and regional variation in this economy. More specifically, we analyze and distinguish the type of seasonality around the year that prevails in the case of coal and electricity production of each individual Chinese province. Our results indicate that for the majority of the provinces seasonality is stochastic in both types of energy considered. Our findings provide new evidence of a Lunar New-Year effect in February and Summer as well as Winter effects in coal and electricity production. However, in terms ofseasonal patterns and their evolution over time, there are significant differences between the Northern Southern regions. Besides for each type of energy, regional clusters matter for the appropriate design of energy-development policy.
PERFORMANCE OF CORIANDER IN SUMMER SEASON UNDER VARIOUS SHADING TREATMENTS WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES

Performance of coriander in summer season under various shading treatments with different sowing dates. " by NAIR MANISH MANMADHAN MAHATMA PHULE KR1SHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, PUNE-411 005 Research Guide Prof. A.L. Mulla Department Horticulture. The present study entitled, "Performance of coriander in summer season under various shading treatments with different sowing dates" was undertaken during the summer of 1999 at Modibaug garden, College of Agriculture, Pune-5. The experiment involved 5 shading treatments with an unshaded control and 3 sowing dates viz. 1 March, 1 April and 1 May. Total number of plots i.e. replications in each of the treatments were 15. The observations in respect of germination, growth, yield and quality were recorded. Shading with 75% shade nets, 50% shade nets and gunny bag shading gave higher germination percentage and recorded lower number of days for germination during all the three sowings. The polyhouse and unshaded control gave the lowest germination percentage and recorded the maximum days for germination. Among the 3 different sowing seasons, the maximum germination was recorded during March. The maximum plant growth in respect of plant height, plant spread and leaf area during all the three sowings was recorded under 50% shading followed by gunny bag shading while the lowest was recorded in polyhouse followed by unshaded control.
Inward-Looking Policies , Institutions , Autocrats , and Economic Growth in Latin America : An Empirical Exploration

The views and interpretations in this document are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the Inter-American Development Bank, or to any individual acting on its behalf. The Research Department (RES) produces the Latin American Economic Policies Newsletter, as well as working papers and books, on diverse economic issues. To obtain a complete list of RES publications and read or download them please visit our web site at: Abstract 1 This paper explores the institutional determinants of economic growth in Latin America by taking advantage of recent empirical research that employs subjective and objective measures to test for a possible " Northian " explanation that links institutional quality and economic growth. I provide a framework that helps better understand the policymakers' choices and persistence regarding inward-looking policies that were pursued between the 1930s and the 1980s by arguing that in the Latin American case Olson's (1982) idea of encompassing interest should be expanded to cover not only the economic stakes of power holders, but also, their political stakes, somewhat along the lines of work by Robinson (1997).
Riverine nutrient impact on global ocean nitrogen cycle feedbacks and marine primary production in an Earth System Model

Riverine nutrient export is an important process in marine coastal biogeochemistry and also impacts global marine biology. The nitrogen cycle is a key player here. Internal feedbacks regulate not only nitrogen distribution, but also primary production and thereby oxygen concentrations. Phosphorus is another essential nutrient and interacts with the nitrogen cycle via different feedback mechanisms. After a previous study of the marine nitrogen cycle response to riverine nitrogen supply, we here addi-5 tionally include phosphorus from river export with different phosphorus burial scenarios and study the impact of phosphorus alone and in combination with nitrogen in a global 3-D ocean biogeochemistry model. Again, we analyse the effects on near coastal and open ocean biogeochemistry. We find that the addition of bio-available riverine phosphorus alone or together with nitrogen affects marine biology on millennial timescales more than riverine nitrogen alone. Biogeochemical feedbacks in the marine nitrogen cycle are strongly influenced by the additional phosphorus. Where bio-available phosphorus is increased by 10 river input, nitrogen concentrations increase as well, except for regions with high denitrification rates. High phosphorus burial rates decrease biological production significantly. Globally, riverine phosphorus leads to elevated primary production rates in the coastal and open oceans.
Case Report: Identification of a CARD8 variant in all three patients with PFAPA syndrome complicated with Kawasaki disease

Background Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA syndrome), and Kawasaki disease (KD) are both considered to be disorders of the innate immune system, and the potential role of inflammasome activation in the immunopathogenesis of both diseases has been previously described. Case presentation Herein, we report the clinical courses of three patients who presented a rare combination of PFAPA syndrome and KD. Two patients who presented KD later developed the PFAPA syndrome, of whom one developed recurrent KD 2 years after the initial diagnosis. The third patient developed KD one year after the onset of PFAPA syndrome. The presence of both of these conditions within individual patients, combined with the knowledge that inflammasome activation is involved in both PFAPA syndrome and KD, suggests a shared background of inflammatory dysregulation. To elucidate the mechanism underlying shared inflammatory dysregulation, we investigated the roles of Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and their downstream inflammasome-related genes. All the patients had a frameshift variant in CARD8 (CARD8-FS). A previous study demonstrated a higher frequency of CARD8-FS, whose product loses CARD8 activity and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, in patients with the PFAPA syndrome. Additionally, the NLRP3 inflammasome is known to be activated in patients with KD. Together, these results suggest that the CARD8-FS variant may also be essential in KD pathogenesis. As such, we analyzed the CARD8 variants among patients with KD. However, we found no difference in the variant frequency between patients with KD and the general Japanese population. Conclusions We report the clinical courses of three patients with a rare combination of PFAPA syndrome and KD. All the patients had the CARD8-FS variant. However, we could not find a difference in the variant frequency between patients with KD and the general Japanese population. As the frequency of KD is much higher than that of PFAPA among Japanese patients, and the cause of KD is multifactorial, it is possible that only a small portion of patients with KD harbor CARD8-FS as a causative gene.
Gas exchange abnormalities in Long COVID are driven by the alteration of the vascular component

Background There are uncertainties whether the impairment of lung diffusing capacity in COVID-19 is due to an alteration in the diffusive conductance of the alveolar membrane (Dm), or an alteration of the alveolar capillary volume (Vc), or a combination of both. The combined measurement DLNO and DLCO diffusion, owing to NO higher affinity and faster reaction rate with haemoglobin compared to CO, enables the simultaneous and rapid determination of both Vc and Dm. The aim of the present study was to better identify the precise cause of post-COVID-19 diffusion impairment. Methods Using the combined NO and CO gas transfer techniques (DLNO and DLCO), it is possible to better understand whether gas exchange abnormalities are due to membrane or alveolar capillary volume components. The present study was aimed at evaluating pulmonary gas exchange one year after severe COVID-19. Results The cohort included 33 survivors to severe COVID-19 (median age 67 years, 70% male) with no pre-existing lung disease, who underwent clinical, lung function and imaging assessments at 12 months due to persistence of respiratory symptoms or radiological impairment. The gas exchange abnormalities were mainly determined by the compromise of the vascular component as demonstrated by vascular pattern of gas exchange impairment (i.e., DLNO/DLCO≥110%, 76% of the sample), and by a reduction of the Vc (73%), while the Dm was reduced only in 9% of the entire sample. We did not find a correlation between the gas exchange impairment and the extent of the chest CT alterations (DLCO p = 0.059 and DLNO p = 0.054), which on average were found to be mild (11% of the parenchyma). Conclusion In COVID-19 survivors who are still symptomatic or have minimal CT findings at one year, gas exchange abnormalities are determined by impairment of the vascular component, rather than the diffusive component of the alveolar membrane.
Residential mobility trajectories and integration in Douala and Bafoussam, Cameroon

Abstract This study examines how migrant households relocate their homes in two Cameroonian cities over the course of lifetimes or even generations. The central claim is that homeownership is the ultimate sign of integration into city life. Using qualitative and quantitative research methods (218 interviews, 30 focus groups and a household survey, sample size 686), the study argues that three key factors explain why people move: the quality of housing they can affords, the proximity to a workplace and the potential for homeownership. Three residential model trajectories are identified. The first describes a journey from being a new migrant who is a guest of family or friends in the city centre to being a married family with kids owning a home in the urban periphery. The second model continues that journey by returning back to the city centre in pursuit of more convenient, high-status home location (if finances permit). A third model describes moves to sites all over the city later in life as older individuals seek to maximize family income in the way they use multiple properties. Understanding residential mobility patterns has the potential to lead to a better public policies and more effective private investments in the housing sector.
Diffusion of information and communication technologies in communication of agricultural information among agricultural researchers and extension workers in Kenya

Cet article rend compte des resultats d'une etude qui a etudie la diffusion des technologies de l'information et de communication (TICs) dans la communication d'information agricole aux chercheurs et vulgarisateurs agricoles au Kenya. L'etude s'est concentree sur le secteur agricole public, et a couvert l'institut de recherche agricole du Kenya (KARI) et le ministere de l'agriculture et du developpement rural (MoARD). L'etude a constate que le KARI et le MoARD avaient adopte une grande variete d'outils et de services TICs, dans un effort de faciliter la mise en commun et l'echange de l'information entre chercheurs, vulgarisateurs, fermiers et autres acteurs impliques dans la recherche et la vulgarisation agricole. La palette s'etendait entre les TICs modernes basees sur l'information numerique et les TICs traditionnelles basees en grande partie sur les ondes d'information analogue. Les modeles TICs adoptes ont adresse les differents genres de besoins en information et de problemes de transmission rencontres par les chercheurs et les vulgarisateurs agricoles. Cependant, on a observe qu'en depit des efforts pour augmenter et moderniser les TICs dans le secteur agricole, la croissance de ce dernier avait ete entravee par un certain nombre de contraintes et de defis qui exigent l'intervention et l'interaction de tous les acteurs du secteur agricole et de celui des TICs, ainsi que la participation gouvernementale.
Instagram activities, engagement and enrollment intention in Indonesia: A case in the third largest island in the world

Purpose: This study investigates the influence of diverse Instagram activities (entertainment, interaction, trendiness, advertisement and customization) on engagement levels and enrollment intention. Additionally, it aims to determine the impact of engagement on enrollment intention by exploring the mediating role of engagement in the relationship between social media activities and enrollment intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research involved 627 followers of the Antasari State Islamic University Banjarmasin Indonesia Instagram account. This study uses path analysis to better understand the impact of Instagram activities on enrollment intention and multiple linear regression to evaluate the influence of Instagram activities on enrollment intention with an emphasis on engagement as a mediating element in this relationship. Findings: The study found that Ig activity affects followers' engagement from all backgrounds. Entertainment and interaction elements have an impact on high school students' tendency to engage with followers. Furthermore, engagement affects enrollment intention. Advertisement affects enrollment intention with engagement as a mediator. Conclusion: This study validates previous research on Instagram (Ig) marketing's impact on engagement in education. It underscores the greater complexity of Ig marketing in education than in business where enrollment decisions involve intricate considerations resulting in a generally lower influence of social media marketing on enrollment outcomes. Research Limitations: This study only focused on the Ig account of one university and was limited to Islamic higher education. Practical Implications: Higher education marketing administrators recommended combining social media marketing variables with other factors influencing university choice. Contribution to the Literature: This study finding has a conceptual contribution to higher education especially in social media marketing.
Clinical and genomic characterization of chemoradiation-resistant HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction Most patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have an excellent response to chemoradiation, and trials are now investigating de-escalated treatment. However, up to 25% of patients with HPV-positive OPSCC will experience recurrence, and up to 5% will even progress through primary treatment. Currently, there are no molecular markers to identify patients with poor prognosis who would be harmed by de-escalation. Herein we report the clinical and genomic characteristics of persistent HPV-positive OPSCC after definitive platinum-based chemoradiation therapy. Methods Patients with HPV-positive OPSCC treated with curative intent platinum-based chemoradiation between 2007 and 2017 at two institutions and with a persistent locoregional disease were included. We evaluated clinical characteristics, including smoking status, age, stage, treatment, and overall survival. A subset of five patients had tissue available for targeted exome DNA sequencing and RNA sequencing. Genomic analysis was compared to a previously published cohort of 47 treatment-responsive HPV+ OPSCC tumors after batch correction. Mutational landscape, pathway activation, and OncoGPS tumor states were employed to characterize these tumors. Results Ten patients met the inclusion criteria. The tumor and nodal stages ranged from T1 to T4 and N1 to N2 by AJCC 8th edition staging. All patients were p16-positive by immunohistochemistry, and eight with available in situ hybridization were confirmed to be HPV-positive. The 1-year overall survival from the time of diagnosis was 57%, and the 2-year overall survival was 17%. TP53 mutations were present in three of five (60%) persistent tumors compared to 2% (one of 47) of treatment-responsive HPV-positive tumors (p = 0.008). Other genes with recurrent mutations in persistent HPV-positive OPSCC tumors were NF1, KMT2D, PIK3C2B, and TFGBR2. Compared to treatment-responsive HPV-positive tumors, persistent tumors demonstrated activation of DNA Repair and p53, EMT, MYC, SRC, and TGF-beta signaling pathways, with post-treatment samples demonstrating significant activation of the PI3K-EMT-Stem pathways compared to pretreatment samples. Conclusion Chemoradiation-resistant HPV-positive OPSCC occurs infrequently but portends a poor prognosis. These tumors demonstrate higher rates of p53 mutation and activation of MYC, SRC, and TGF-beta pathways. A comparison of tumors before and after treatment demonstrates PI3K-EMT-Stem pathways post-treatment in HPV-positive tumors with persistent disease after platinum-based chemoradiation.
Fluxes of particulates and nutrients during hydrologically defined seasonal periods in an ice‐affected great Arctic river, the Mackenzie

Large circumpolar rivers influence the biogeochemistry of coastal shelf ecosystems and Arctic Ocean circulation. From 2007 to 2010, Mackenzie River nutrients were measured immediately upstream of the Mackenzie Delta. Total suspended sediment (TSS) and the dissolved and particulate fractions of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured throughout the water year, stratified by hydrologically defined seasonal periods. Sampling was most frequent during the ice breakup and freshet periods to capture changes in sediment and nutrient concentrations that occurred with rapidly changing discharge. Our 4 year sampling coverage yielded constituent‐specific concentration‐discharge relationships that differed among seasonal hydrological periods for 6 of 12 constituents. Results revealed that having data from the rising‐water freshet, when ice effects drive much higher water levels for a given discharge than during open water, had a surprisingly modest effect on annual flux calculations for most constituents. The rising freshet, however, was dominated by high relative levels of C‐rich dissolved organic matter, P‐rich particles, and N‐rich inorganic nutrients. Comparisons with fluxes based on volume‐weighted means of sample concentrations revealed that most, though not all, river fluxes were strongly driven by short‐term concentration‐discharge dynamics rather than by total annual discharge. Comparisons with fluxes derived for the Mackenzie discharge record, where results from other years are available, suggest that concentration‐discharge relations may not be robust beyond the observation period in this system. Constituent fluxes herein differ from previously published fluxes for the Mackenzie (e.g., lower TSS, higher dissolved organic carbon), likely reflecting more frequent measurements, more representative characterization of differing hydrological periods, and possible changes in concentration‐discharge relations during the longer‐term Mackenzie record.
Ozone Treatment for the Management of Caries in Primary Dentition: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

Dental caries in children is a frequent and debilitating condition, whose management is often challenging. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of ozone applications for the treatment of caries in primary dentition. According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed up to 6 January 2024. Clinical studies using ozone to treat caries of deciduous teeth were considered for inclusion. Out of the 215 records retrieved, seven studies were eventually included in the review, all of which used gaseous ozone. Four studies were judged at high risk of bias, two at low risk, and one of some concerns. The great heterogeneity of designs, outcomes, and protocols made it impossible to conduct a meta-analysis. Despite some limitations, the evidence yielded by the included studies suggests that ozone application, regardless of the protocol applied, is comparable to other interventions in terms of clinical outcomes and anti-bacterial activity, with no reported adverse effects and good patient acceptance. Therefore, ozone application may be a non-invasive approach to treat caries in primary dentition, especially in very young and poorly cooperative patients. Further standardized and rigorous studies are, however, needed to identify the best clinical protocols for this specific field.
Analyzing the Institutionalization of Free and Open Source Software Adoption in Tanzanian Higher Education Institutions

Free and open-source software (FOSS) are viable alternatives to pricey proprietary software due to their low total cost of ownership (TCO). They are predicted to have a bright future because of their advanced technologies in service delivery. Despite the availability of FOSS adoption studies, public discourse as well as information and communication technology (ICT) policies, FOSS applications are inadequately adopted in Tanzanian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) due to lack of institutionalization. This finding poses a need for examining the institutionalization status. Institutionalization occurs when FOSS adoption and use becomes a standard practice. This study analyses the institutionalization of FOSS adoption by examining the national and selected universities’ ICT policies and observing the evolution of public discourse towards FOSS by examining multiple articles. The study adopted a systematic literature review and was guided by an analytical framework that triangulated new institutional theory, the underlying concept of organizing vision, and rhetorical diffusion theory. The findings show that, although there are sporadic use of FOSS in some Tanzanian HEIs, FOSS adoption is generally not institutionalized. As a result, the study recommends adjustments in preparation of ICT policies, making adoption of FOSS part of organizational strategic plans for them to enjoy decision-makers’ support.