Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Flywheel vs. Free-Weight Squats and Split Squats on Jumping Performance and Change of Direction Speed in Soccer Players

The objective of this study was to compare (i) The effects of a flywheel and free-weight resistance training program; and (ii) The effects of performing lateral and frontal split squats as part of a flywheel-resistance training program on jumping performance, the 5–0–5 change of direction test time, and the one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat in soccer players. Twenty-four male amateur soccer players participated in this study and were randomly and equally assigned to one of three different test groups: forward split-squat group (FSQ); lateral split-squat group (LSQ); and free-weight training group (TRAD). Athletes in the FSQ group performed a squat and a forward split squat on a flywheel device, while those in the LSQ group performed a squat and a lateral split squat (instead of a forward split squat) on a flywheel device. Each training lasted 4 weeks. The main finding was that all training groups, such as TRAD, FSQ, and LSQ, significantly improved broad jump length (p = 0.001; effect size [ES] = 0.36), 5–0–5 COD time with a turn on the dominant limb (p = 0.038; ES = 0.49), and 1RM back squat (p = 0.001; ES = 0.4). In turn, both flywheel-resistance training groups (FSQ and LSQ) significantly improved their counter-movement jump height (p = 0.001; ES = 0.8 and p = 0.002; ES = 0.58; respectively) with no effect in the TRAD (p = 0.676; ES = 0.07) training group. Both free-weight and flywheel-resistance training lasting 4 weeks performed in-season contributed to significant improvement in 1RM back squat, broad jump performance, and 5–0–5 change of direction testing time, while flywheel-resistance training might be superior in counter-movement jump height enhancement in soccer players. Moreover, the manner in which split squats were performed was not a factor influencing the obtained results.
Human resource management in times of crisis: what have we learnt from the recent pandemic?

Abstract This article reviews the body of empirical work on human resource management in times of crisis, including that which was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and that which has been published since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following this, we introduce the special issue, summarizing the six articles included. Finally, we present a comprehensive agenda for future research on how to manage human resources during times of crisis based on the insights from the review and our own knowledge of the literature.
Impact of correlated information on pioneering decisions

Normative models are often used to describe how humans and animals make decisions. These models treat deliberation as the accumulation of uncertain evidence that terminates with a commitment to a choice. When extended to social groups, such models often assume that individuals make independent observations. However, individuals typically gather evidence from common sources, and their observations are rarely independent. Here we ask: For a group of ideal observers who do not exchange information, what is the impact of correlated evidence on decision accuracy? We show that even when agents are identical, correlated evidence causes decision accuracy to depend on temporal decision order. The ﬁrst decider is less accurate than a lone observer, and early deciders are less accurate than late deciders. These phenomena occur despite the fact that the rational observers use the same decision criterion, so they are equally conﬁdent in their decisions. We analyze discrete and macroscopic evidence-gathering models to explain why the ﬁrst decider is less accurate than a lone observer when evidence is correlated. Pooling the decisions of early deciders using a majority rule does not rescue accuracy results in only a modest accuracy gain. Although we analyze an idealized model, we believe that our analysis offers insights that do not depend on exactly how groups integrate evidence and form decisions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5. 033020
Influence of endarterectomy on the structure and function of the retina and optic nerve

Carotid arteries are the main blood vessels supplying the brain, neck, and face as well as ophthalmic arteries. Internal carotid arteriosclerosis is strictly associated with ophthalmic symptoms caused by damage to the optic nerve. This condition can manifest as an ocular ischemic syndrome or anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. One of the surgical procedures that treat carotid arteriosclerosis is an endarterectomy. It has been proved that this surgical procedure can additionally reduce intraocular pressure and improve visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field, a bioelectrical function of the optic nerve and retina, and perfusion of the optic nerve head. It has been also observed that the procedure does not affect retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell layer. The aim of this review was, to sum up information on the influence of endarterectomy on the function of the optic nerve based on the up-to-date internet database.
Readability of auditor reports: does audit market competition matter? Empirical evidence from Iran

PurposeWhile existing research explores the impact of audit market competition on audit fees and audit quality, there is limited investigation into how competition in the audit market influences auditors' writing style. This study examines the relationship between audit market competition and the readability of audit reports in Iran, where competition is particularly intense, especially among private audit firms.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprises 1,050 firm-year observations in Iran from 2012 to 2018. Readability measures, including the Fog index, Flesch-Reading-Ease (FRE) and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), are employed to assess the readability of auditors' reports. The Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) is utilized to measure audit market competition, with lower index values indicating higher auditor competition. The concentration measure is multiplied by −1 to obtain the competition measure (AudComp). Alternative readability measures, such as the Flesch–Kincaid (FK) and Automated Readability Index (ARI) are used in additional robustness tests. Data on textual features of audit reports, auditor characteristics and other control variables are manually collected from annual reports of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). FindingsThe regression analysis results indicate a significant and positive association between audit market competition and audit report readability. Furthermore, a stronger positive and significant association is observed among private audit firms, where competition is more intense compared to state audit firms. These findings remain robust when using alternative readability measures and other sensitivity checks. Additional analysis reveals that the positive effect of competition on audit report readability is more pronounced in situations where the auditor remains unchanged and the audit market size is small.Originality/valueThis paper expands the existing literature by examining the impact of audit market competition on audit report readability. It focuses on a unique audit market (Iran), where competition among audit firms is more intense than in developed countries due to the liberalization of the Iranian audit market in 2001 and the establishment of numerous private audit firms.
Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks

Rank Tests for Comparing Two Treatments. - Comparing Two Treatments or Attributes in a Population Model. - Blocked Comparisons for Two Treatments. - Paired Comparisons in a Population Model and the One-Sample Problem. - The Comparison of More Than Two Treatments. - Randomized Complete Blocks. - Tests of Randomness and Independence.
Intelligence design method for three-dimensional vaned diffusers in a centrifugal compressor

This paper presents a multi-objective optimization-based intelligence design method for the design of the three-dimensional vaned diffuser for a given centrifugal compressor. This design method consists of three-dimensional vaned diffuser design model and its solving strategy. The three-dimensional vaned diffuser design model consists of the diffuser geometry mathematical model, performance evaluation model, objective equation, and design space. The diffuser geometry is described by the mathematical model of the meridional configurations and vane camber, trailing edge lean, and thickness. The generic design space is determined through literature statistical investigation. An NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm, utilized to solve the three-dimensional vaned diffuser design model, directs the diffuser geometry variables to achieve the maximum stage isentropic efficiency and static pressure ratio at the design point within the design space automatically and intelligently. The presented three-dimensional vaned diffuser design method is demonstrated using a case test for a centrifugal impeller. The convergence of evolutionary solving for this three-dimensional vaned diffuser model is analyzed in detail, which provides the convergence reference for engineering applications. Three representative three-dimensional vaned diffusers on Pareto front are utilized to check the diversity of geometry shape and overall range performance characteristics. The results show that the three-dimensional vaned diffuser design method established here has excellent potential in automated design and maximizing stage performance. The method reported here could provide a valuable reference for the intelligent design of radial turbomachinery diffusers.
Validation of the Model for ELM Suppression with 3D Magnetic Fields Using Low Torque ITER Baseline Scenario Discharges in DIII-D

Experiments have been executed in the DIII-D tokamak to extend suppression of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) with Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) to ITER-relevant levels of beam torque. The results support the hypothesis for RMP ELM suppression based on transition from an ideal screened response to a tearing response at a resonant surface that prevents expansion of the pedestal to an unstable width [Snyder et al., Nucl. Fusion 51, 103016 (2011) and Wade et al., Nucl. Fusion 55, 023002 (2015)]. In ITER baseline plasmas with I/aB = 1.4 and pedestal ν * ∼ 0.15, ELMs are readily suppressed with co- I p neutral beam injection. However, reducing the beam torque from 5 Nm to ≤ 3.5 Nm results in loss of ELM suppression and a shift in the zero-crossing of the electron perpendicular rotation ω ⊥ e ∼ 0 deeper into the plasma. The change in radius of ω ⊥ e ∼ 0 is due primarily to changes to the electron diamagnetic rotation frequency ω e * . Linear plasma response modeling with the resistive MHD code m3d-c1 in.
Genre Analysis in EAP—A Case Study of TESOL Research Article Abstract

Abstract: To reinforce the pedagogical significance of genre analysis in EAP, the current study analyzed thirty research article abstracts in TESOL with genre analysis approach, aiming to serve non-native pre-service/novice English teachers. The results showed that TESOL Abstract generally includes these moves: Introduction, Purpose, Method, Results, and Conclusion (optional). In addition, move signals are common in Abstract and the tenses in Abstract vary with moves. Finally, two teaching designs were recommended on how these findings can be utilized to inform EAP pedagogy. The task-based genre approach proposed in this paper endows learners with both genre knowledge and genre skills. The pedagogy based on ‘teaching-learning cycle’ facilitates learners to write qualified abstracts step by step. In real teaching practice, the two methods can be used synthetically to yield maximum benefits.
Case Study of Parental Involvement in PAUD Program in TK IPPA Nurul Haq

Parental involvement is parental support for children which has a significant impact on children's learning, academic skills, motivation, and self-esteem. This study aims to determine and describe the involvement of parents in the ECE program at TK IPPA Nurul Haq. The research uses a case study qualitative approach. The research subjects were 8 parents and 1 teacher. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive analysis. The results showed 1) parental involvement in the form of parenting, communication, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, and collaboration with the community; 2) Factors supporting involvement include awareness and friendly attitude of the school;while the barriers are also awareness and busyness; 3) The benefits of involvement are that parents promote schools, get information on children's development achievements, increase children's motivation and learning achievements; 4) Schools have made various efforts to increase parental involvement in TK IPPA Nurul Haq. It is hoped that in the future, teachers can improve good communication and cooperation, so that more parents will be involved in the earli childhood program;because in the end this involvement will have a good impact on children and schools.
Photosynthesis, Water Status and K+/Na+ Homeostasis of Buchoe dactyloides Responding to Salinity

Soil salinization is one of the most serious abiotic stresses restricting plant growth. Buffalograss is a C4 perennial turfgrass and forage with an excellent resistance to harsh environments. To clarify the adaptative mechanisms of buffalograss in response to salinity, we investigated the effects of NaCl treatments on photosynthesis, water status and K+/Na+ homeostasis of this species, then analyzed the expression of key genes involved in these processes using the qRT-PCR method. The results showed that NaCl treatments up to 200 mM had no obvious effects on plant growth, photosynthesis and leaf hydrate status, and even substantially stimulated root activity. Furthermore, buffalograss could retain a large amount of Na+ in roots to restrict Na+ overaccumulation in shoots, and increase leaf K+ concentration to maintain a high K+/Na+ ratio under NaCl stresses. After 50 and 200 mM NaCl treatments, the expressions of several genes related to chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transport and CO2 assimilation, as well as aquaporin genes (BdPIPs and BdTIPs) were upregulated. Notably, under NaCl treatments, the increased expression of BdSOS1, BdHKT1 and BdNHX1 in roots might have helped Na+ exclusion by root tips, retrieval from xylem sap and accumulation in root cells, respectively; the upregulation of BdHAK5 and BdSKOR in roots likely enhanced K+ uptake and long-distance transport from roots to shoots, respectively. This work finds that buffalograss possesses a strong ability to sustain high photosynthetic capacity, water balance and leaf K+/Na+ homeostasis under salt stress, and lays a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of buffalograss.
Sensitivity of Coupled Tropical Pacific Model Biases to Convective Parameterization in CESM1

Six month coupled hindcasts show the central equatorial Pacific cold tongue bias development in a GCM to be sensitive to the atmospheric convective parameterization employed. Simulations using the standard configuration of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) develop a cold bias in equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) within the first two months of integration due to anomalous ocean advection driven by overly strong easterly surface wind stress along the equator. Disabling the deep convection parameterization enhances the zonal pressure gradient leading to stronger zonal wind stress and a stronger equatorial SST bias, highlighting the role of pressure gradients in determining the strength of the cold bias. Superparameterized hindcasts show reduced SST bias in the cold tongue region due to a reduction in surface easterlies despite simulating an excessively strong low‐level jet at 1‐1.5 km elevation. This reflects inadequate vertical mixing of zonal momentum from the absence of convective momentum transport in the superparameterized model. Standard CESM1simulations modified to omit shallow convective momentum transport reproduce the superparameterized low‐level wind bias and associated equatorial SST pattern. Further superparameterized simulations using a three‐dimensional cloud resolving model capable of producing realistic momentum transport simulate a cold tongue similar to the default CESM1. These findings imply convective momentum fluxes may be an underappreciated mechanism for controlling the strength of the equatorial cold tongue. Despite the sensitivity of equatorial SST to these changes in convective parameterization, the east Pacific double‐Intertropical Convergence Zone rainfall bias persists in all simulations presented in this study.
Network Effects in Small Networks: A Study of Cooperation

Communication over a point-to-point link is relatively well understood. However, when such a link is part of a larger network, our understanding is far from complete. Nonetheless, progress in this area has important consequences in both the theoretical and practical aspects of communication networks. In this work, we focus on the role of a single link in networks that in addition to point-to-point links, contain "multi-terminal components. " An example of a network consisting of a single multi-terminal component is the uplink in a wireless communication network where multiple transmitters communicate with a single receiver over a shared medium. We demonstrate the existence of a class of such networks where a finite capacity link results in a rate gain for each source that far exceeds the capacity of that link. This is an example of a "network effect": the phenomenon where a resource, here link capacity, is significantly more valuable in a network than in isolation. Here we measure the "value" of the finite capacity link by the sum-capacity gain per source that it enables. The central idea behind the construction of networks that exhibit such effects is the introduction of a node, referred to as the "cooperation facilitator" (CF), that allows other network nodes to work together to reduce interference. In the setting of the classical multiple access channel (MAC), an example of a CF is a node that receives rate-limited information from each transmitter and broadcasts rate-limited information back to the transmitters through a common bottleneck link. Let the "cooperation rate" be the capacity of the CF bottleneck link. We show that for a class of MACs, the presence of a CF leads to a sum-capacity gain that, as a function of the cooperation rate, has an infinite slope at cooperation rate zero. This means that the bottleneck link of the CF is significantly more valuable in some networks than in isolation. This class of MACs includes well-known examples such as the Gaussian MAC and the binary adder MAC. In addition to sum-capacity gain, cooperation under the CF model also improves reliability. Specifically, in the case of the MAC with two transmitters, whenever the CF has full access to both messages, the maximal- and average error capacity regions coincide. This effect is observed even when the cooperation rate is "negligible"; that is, the cooperation rate grows sublinearly in the number of channel uses. An implication of this result is the existence of a network whose maximal-error sum-capacity is not continuous with respect to the capacities of its edges; this means that in some networks, even a negligible cooperation rate leads to a positive sum-capacity gain.
A Novel Notch-Related Gene Signature for Prognosis and Immune Response Prediction in Ovarian Cancer

Background and Objectives: Notch is a fascinating signaling pathway. It is extensively involved in tumor growth, cancer stem cells, metastasis, and treatment resistance and plays important roles in metabolic regulation, tumor microenvironment, and tumor immunity. However, the role of Notch in ovarian cancer (OC) has yet to be fully understood. Therefore, this study systematically described the expression, mutation, and copy number variation of genes in the Notch signaling pathway in OC and evaluated the relationship between gene mutation and Overall Survival (OS) prognosis. Materials and Methods: Notch risk score (NTRS) was established by univariate Cox regression analysis combined with Lasso regression analysis, and the efficacy of NTRS in predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with OC was verified. We further assessed the correlations of NTRS with clinical features, immune infiltration level, immune checkpoint expression, and immune characteristics. Additionally, differential expression and functions of the fourteen signature genes were confirmed via vitro assays. Results: The results showed that Notch genes (NTGs) were markedly differentiated between tumor and normal tissues, which may help to explain the high heterogeneity in the biological characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of human OC. A Notch risk (NTR) prognostic model based on 11 key NTGs was successfully constructed. Tumors with high Notch risk scores (NTRS) were independently associated with shorter overall survival and poorer immunotherapy outcomes. We further assessed the correlations of NTRS with immune characteristics. The results showed that NTGs play a key role in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Additionally, we validated the baseline and induced expressions of 14 prognosis-related NTGs in our own OC samples. In vitro assays confirmed that the knockdown of NCOR2 and APH1B and overexpression of HEY2 and SKP2 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of OC cells. Conclusions: These findings emphasize that Notch multilayer changes are associated with the prognosis of patients with OC and the characteristics of immune cell infiltration. Our predictive signature may predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of OC patients in an independent manner. NCOR2, APH1B, HEY2, and SKP2 may more prominently represent important indicators to improve patient prognosis.
The Contribution of Various In Vitro Methodologies to Comprehending the Filling Ability of Root Canal Pastes in Primary Teeth

A void-free obturation during root canal treatment on primary teeth is currently very difficult to attain. In this study, the pulpectomy filling abilities of Bio-C Pulpecto (Angelus, Basil, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil) and of zinc oxide eugenol, or “ZOE” (DenPro, Prevest, New York, NY, USA), were compared using several in vitro techniques. Therefore, 30 primary anterior teeth were used in the present in vitro study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), including a multiple comparison procedure (Holm-Sidak method, Dunn’s Method, or Tukey test), was used. On micro-CT, Bio-C Pulpecto exhibited higher void percentages than did ZOE (10.3 ± 3.8%, and 3.5 ± 1.3%), respectively (p < 0.05). With digital microscopy, higher total void percentages were found in the BC (13.2 ± 26.7%) group compared to the ZOE (2.7 ± 2.8%) group (p < 0.05). With the CLSM, mean tubular penetration depths were higher for Bio-C Pulpecto than for ZOE in all canal thirds (p < 0.05). SEM images demonstrated no tags into dentinal tubules in either group throughout the three thirds. Moreover, higher statistically significant flowability was found for Bio-C (2.657 ± 0.06 mm) compared to ZOE (1.8 ± 0.13 mm) (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that neither ZOE nor Bio-C Pulpecto appears to meet the criteria for an ideal root canal filling paste for primary teeth. This study laid the groundwork for future research by determining how micro-CT, digital microscopy, SEM, and CLSM contribute to our understanding of the filling process of primary teeth. More thorough research on the mechanism of root canal obturation on primary teeth is required to achieve a long-term successful root canal therapy in young children.