Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ja n 20 08 Cosmological constant and time delay

The effect of the cosmological constant on the time delay caused by an isolated spherical mass is calculated without using the lens equation and compared to a recent observational bound on the time delay of the lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112. PACS: 98.80. Es, 98.80. Jk Key-Words: cosmological parameters – lensing CPT-P001-2008 0801.xxxx also at Université de Provence, Marseille, France, thomas.schucker@gmail.com Centre de Physique Théorique CNRS–Luminy, Case 907 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 6207) du CNRS et des Universités Aix–Marseille 1 et 2 et Sud Toulon–Var, Laboratoire affilié à la FRUMAM (FR 2291) also at Université M’Hamed Bouguerra, 35000 Boumerdes, Algeria, zaimennoureddine@yahoo.fr 4 Laboratoire de Physique Théorique Université Mentouri 25000 Constantine, Algeria
A C ] 2 0 Ja n 20 20 The quotient Unimodular Vector group is nilpotent

Jose–Rao introduced and studied the Special Unimodular Vector group SUmr(R) and EUmr(R), its Elementary Unimodular Vector subgroup. They proved that for r ≥ 2, EUmr(R) is a normal subgroup of SUmr(R). The Jose–Rao theorem says that the quotient Unimodular Vector group, SUmr(R)/EUmr(R), for r ≥ 2, is a subgroup of the orthogonal quotient group SO2(r+1)(R)/EO2(r+1)(R). The latter group is known to be nilpotent by the work of Hazrat–Vavilov, following methods of A. Bak; and so is the former. In this article we give a direct proof, following ideas of A. Bak, to show that the quotient Unimodular Vector group is nilpotent of class ≤ d = dim(R). We also use the Quillen–Suslin theory, inspired by A. Bak’s method, to prove that if R = A[X ], with A a local ring, then the quotient Unimodular Vector group is abelian.
Transport properties of liquid metals and semiconductors from molecular dynamics simulation with the Kubo-Greenwood formula

Short but intense laser pulses may produce the high surface temperatures of metal or semiconductor targets exceeding the corresponding melting points. Hydrodynamic modeling of nano-scale fragmentation of a thin surface layer is feasible if the reflectivity and heat conductivity coefficients, usually obtained from experiments, are available. However, for such materials as silicon and titanium the experimental electric resistivity and heat conductivity are available only in narrow temperature ranges above the melting points. On the other hand, the heated surface layer keeps its initial density during a short two-temperature stage because the timescales of both femtosecond laser heating and electron-ion energy exchange are too short for material expansion. The shortlived high-temperature states of materials in this layer are also challenging for experimental study with techniques such as electrical explosion of wires or films. We perform accurate simulations of several materials in such states, including aluminum, copper, gold, silicon, and titanium, at the corresponding equilibrium volumes at room temperature and along their liquid-vapor coexistence curves using both classical and quantum molecular dynamics. The corresponding electron transport properties calculated by the Kubo-Greenwood theory are presented.
An Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical Pathogens from Historical Samples for Six Countries

The spread of antimicrobial resistance pathogens in humans has increasingly become an issue that threatens public health. While the NCBI Pathogen Detection Isolates Browser (NPDIB) database has been collecting clinical isolate samples over time for various countries, few studies have been done to identify genes and pathogens responsible for the antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings. This study conducted the first multivariate statistical analysis of the high-dimensional historical data from the NPDIB database for six different countries from majorly inhabited landmasses, including Australia, Brazil, China, South Africa, the UK, and the US. The similarities among different countries in terms of genes and pathogens were investigated to understand the potential avenues for antimicrobial-resistance gene spreading. The genes and pathogens that were closely involved in antimicrobial resistance were further studied temporally by plotting time profiles of their frequency to evaluate the trend of antimicrobial resistance. It was found that several of these significant genes (i.e., aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaTEM-1, and qacEdelta1) are shared among all six countries studied. Based on the time profiles, a large number of genes and pathogens showed an increasing occurrence. The most shared pathogens responsible for carrying the most important genes in the six countries in the clinical setting were Acinetobacter baumannii, E. coli and Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica. South Africa carried the least similar antimicrobial genes to the other countries in clinical isolates.
The Impacts of the Expansion of Urban Impervious Surfaces on Urban Heat Islands in a Coastal City in China

The effect of the expansion of urban impervious surfaces on surface urban heat islands (UHIs) has attracted research attention due to its relevance for studies of local climatic change and habitat comfort. In this study, using five satellite images of Xiamen city, Southeast China (four images from the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and one from the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS)) acquired in summer between 1989 and 2016, together with spatial statistical methods, the changes in impervious surface area (ISA) were investigated, the spatiotemporal variation of the intensity of urban heat islands (UHIs) was explored, and the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and the percentage of impervious surface area (ISA%), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and fractional vegetation coverage (Fv) were investigated. The results showed the following: (1) According to the biophysical composition index (BCI) combined with an ISA post-processing method, Xiamen has witnessed a substantial increase in ISA, showing a 6.1-fold increase from 1989 to 2016. The direction of ISA expansion was consistent throughout the study period in each of the five districts of Xiamen; (2) a bay-like UHI form is observed in the study area, which is remarkably distinct from the central-radial UHI form observed in previous studies of other cities; (3) the extent of UHIs in Xiamen greatly increased between 1989 and 2016, experiencing a 4.7-fold increase in UHI areas during this time. However, during the same period, the urban heat island ratio index (URI)—that is, the ratio of UHI area to ISA—decreased slightly. The UHI area decreased in some urban parts of Xiamen due to a significant increase in vegetation coverage, urban village redevelopment, and the construction of new parks; (4) sea ports and heavy industrial zones are the greatest contributor to surface UHI, followed by urban villages; and (5) LST is strongly positively correlated with ISA%. Each 10% increase in ISA was associated with an increase in summer LST of 0.41 to 0.91 K, which compares well with the results of related studies. This study presents valuable information for the development of regional urban planning strategies to mitigate the effects of UHIs during rapid urbanization.
Sample Complexity of Solving Non-Cooperative Games

This paper studies the complexity of solving two classes of non-cooperative games in a distributed manner, in which the players communicate with a set of system nodes over noisy communication channels. The complexity of solving each game class is defined as the minimum number of iterations required to find a Nash equilibrium (NE) of any game in that class with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> accuracy. First, we consider the class <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of all <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-player non-cooperative games with a continuous action space that admit at least one NE. Using information-theoretic inequalities, a lower bound on the complexity of solving <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is derived which depends on the Kolmogorov <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\epsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-capacity of the constraint set and the total capacity of the communication channels. Our results indicate that the game class <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be solved at most exponentially fast. We next consider the class of all <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-player non-cooperative games with at least one NE such that the players’ utility functions satisfy a certain (differential) constraint. We derive lower bounds on the complexity of solving this game class under both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise models. Finally, we derive upper and lower bounds on the sample complexity of a class of quadratic games. It is shown that the complexity of solving this game class scales according to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Theta \left ({\frac {1}{\epsilon ^{2}}}\right)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the accuracy parameter.
Non-Foster and Non-Foster-inspired Matching of Small Transmitting Antenna: A Brief Review

A broadband non-Foster matching of a small transmitting antenna has been investigated for a couple of decades. However, non-Foster technology is still very challenging, due to difficulties in construction of a dedicated NIC that should assure stable operation with high-power signals. This paper discusses aforementioned basic problems and reviews two very recent approaches that imitate non-Foster matching and, at the same time, bypass stability problems. These methods employ the superposition of two coherent transmitting signals at the antenna or the incorporation of the antenna into the self-oscillating, nearly perfectly matched transmitter system. Finally, some unsolved problems and associated future research directions are highlighted.
Finger Vein Biometrics: Taxonomy Analysis, Open Challenges, Future Directions, and Recommended Solution for Decentralised Network Architectures

A review is conducted to deeply analyse and map the research landscape of current technologies in finger vein (FV) biometric authentication in medical systems into a coherent taxonomy. This research focuses on articles related to the keywords ‘biometrics’, ‘finger veins’ and ‘verification’ and their variations in three major databases, namely, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and IEEE Xplore. The final set of collected articles related to FV biometric authentication systems is divided into software- and hardware-based systems. In the first category, software development attempts are described. The experiment results, frameworks, algorithms and methods that perform satisfactorily are presented. Moreover, the experiences obtained from conducting these studies are discussed. In the second category, hardware development attempts are described. The final articles are discussed from three aspects, namely, (1) number of publications, (2) problem type, proposed solutions, best results and evaluation methods in the included studies and (3) available databases containing different scientific work collected from volunteers, such as staff and students. The basic characteristics of this emerging field are identified from the following aspects: motivations of using FV biometric technology in authentication systems, open challenges that impede the technology’s utility, authors’ recommendations and future research prospects. A new solution is proposed to address several issues, such as leakage of biometrics that leads to serious risks due to the use of stolen FV templates and various spoofing and brute-force attacks in decentralised network architectures in medical systems, including access points and various database nodes without a central point. This work contributes to literature by providing a detailed review of feasible alternatives and research gaps, thereby enabling researchers and developers to develop FV biometric authentication medical systems further. Insights into the importance of such a technology and its integration into different medical applications and fields are also provided.
Evaluation of Higher-Level Instrumental Activities of Daily Living via Micro-Doppler Radar Sensing of Sit-to-Stand-to-Sit Movement

This paper presents an evaluation technique for higher-level instrumental activities of daily living (HL-IADLs), which are defined as relatively complicated modern daily activities to perform independently, using micro-Doppler radar (MDR) signatures of sit-to-stand-to-sit (STSTS) movements. Because HL-IADLs are useful for evaluating the degree of disability and cognitive decline in daily life, this study aims to develop a system that enables the identification of individuals with HL-IADL impairments in an unconstrained manner. The study participants were elderly adults of age 65–74 years of rural communities in Japan, and their motion parameters in natural STSTS were extracted via a single 24-GHz MDR installed on the ceiling. Their HL-IADLs were evaluated using a questionnaire-based scale called the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence (JST-IC). The relationship between the HL-IADLs scaled with the JST-IC and the extracted STSTS parameters were statistically analyzed, and the results revealed that the extracted parameters were associated with the JST-IC score. Furthermore, an appropriately accurate screening method was verified for elderly adults with HL-IADL impairment using the extracted parameters.
Research on the Distribution Characteristics of Electromagnetic Environment in the Lightning Return Stroke Near-Field Area

In this paper, we simulate the lightning return stroke model and the return stroke physical process to study spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of electromagnetic fields near the lightning channel and ground (within the range of 100m from the lightning return stroke point) by using the transmission line (TL) engineering model and the three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation software XFDTD based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The distribution characteristics of electric field components emerge as the columnar and spherical. But the distributions of magnetic field components resemble cylinder.
Phase II studies of nivolumab (anti-PD-1, BMS-936558, ONO-4538) in patients with advanced squamous (sq) or nonsquamous (non-sq) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

8027 Background: Nivolumab, a fully human IgG4, PD-1 immune-checkpoint inhibitor antibody, has shown durable clinical activity in phase I and II trials in several tumor types. Recently, a phase III study (CheckMate -017) demonstrated that nivolumab improved overall survival than docetaxel in second-line of sq NSCLC. Here, we report the results of two phase II studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in previously treated advanced sq (JapicCTI-No.132072) and non-sq (JapicCTI-No.132073) NSCLC pts. Methods: Both studies require pts aged ≥ 20 years with ECOG status of 0 or 1, stage IIIB/IV, or recurrent NSCLC and at least one prior chemotherapy including platinum containing regimen.Pts received nivolumab 3 mg/kg IV Q2W until progression or unacceptable toxicity.The primary endpoint in both studies was the objective response rate (ORR) (RECIST v1.1). Planned sample size was 30 pts for Sq and 67 pts for Non-sq, respectively(P0=0.09, P1=0.26 , P0=0.09, P1=0.20 ; α=0.025 (one-side) , 1-β=0.8). Resu.
Development and evaluation of a passive acoustic localization method to monitor fish spawning aggregations and measure source levels

More than 800 species of fish produce sound including red hind (Epinephelus guttatus), Nassau (E. striatus), black (Mycteroperca bonaci), and yellowfin grouper (M. venenosa). Their sounds can be used to monitor these fish and may be a means to estimate abundance if parameters such as source levels, detection probabilities, and cue rates are known. During the week of Nassau grouper spawning in February 2017, a passive acoustic array was deployed off Little Cayman Island to study the temporal and spatial dynamics of spawning aggregations of Nassau grouper and red hind and measure the source levels of the sounds produced by all four species. The localization method was based on hyperbolic localization of cross-correlated time differences of arrival and its accuracy evaluated via simulations and empirical measurements. The mean peak-to-peak source levels ranged from 143.7 dB for yellowfin grouper to 152.0 dB for Nassau grouper (re: $1\boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{Pa}$ at 1m for 70 to 170 Hz) with an estimated error of 2 to 10 dB based on the localization error results (the mean localization error for empirical measurements was $3.3\pm 3.8\ \mathbf{m}$ and errors in simulations ranged from $1.1\pm 1.7$ to $16.6\pm 0.9\ \mathbf{m}$ for inside the array). The source level error due to localization was comparable to the measured variances for source levels. This and the high number of localizations at fish spawning aggregations suggests that localization can be used to accurately measure source levels, detection ranges, and other variables needed for density estimation of spawning aggregations.
Continuous Blood Pressure Measurement Platform: A Wearable System Based on Multidimensional Perception Data

The mobile crowd sensing technology in the environment integrating human, machines and things is an emerging direction in social computing. In kinematics research, continuous blood pressure monitoring and calibration are the basis for revealing the correlation between athlete motor function and blood pressure. At the same time, in the field of medical research, hypertension can be more easily controlled, thus improving the effectiveness of hypertension treatment. This paper presents the design principle of a human-machine fusion system based on CrowdOS, a mobile crowd sensing platform. The system innovatively establishes the correlation between blood pressure and exercise, improves the accuracy of cuffless blood pressure measurement, and verifies the feasibility of calibrating continuous cuffless blood pressure measurement based on exercise information. Using our system and electronic cuff sphygmomanometer, we measured 65 groups of data in walking, running, sitting and climbing stairs, each group lasting about 10 minutes. Based on these data, we established a regression analysis model for blood pressure measurement calibration. The accuracy of blood pressure calibration was improved from the original systolic root mean square error of 13.43mmHg and diastolic root mean square error of 8.35mmHg to 9.76mmHg and 5.56mmHg. The design method proposed in this paper provides a feasible solution for continuous cuffless blood pressure measurement and calibration, and shows broad application prospects in the fields of athlete scientific training and medical care.
Accurate Lane Detection with Atrous Convolution and Spatial Pyramid Pooling for Autonomous Driving

Lane detection is a fundamental capability for autonomous driving. Many effective lane detection algorithms based on traditional computer vision and recent deep learning technologies have been proposed. However, the current state-of-the-art lane detection accuracy is still not satisfactory for realizing fully autonomous driving. Thus, this paper proposes a new lane detection network using atrous convolution and spatial pyramid pooling techniques to improve the lane detection accuracy. We address the detection problem with pixel-wise semantic segmentation. Our network consists of one encoder and two decoders, which outputs a binary segmentation map and an embedded feature map, respectively. The embedded feature map is employed for clustering algorithms to separate segmented lane pixels into different lanes. The experimental results on the public Tusimple dataset show that our network outperforms the state-of-the-arts.
Sensorless Control with Friction and Human Intention Estimation of Exoskeleton Robot for Upper-limb Rehabilitation

In this paper, for the control problem of upper-limb rehabilitation using exoskeleton robot, we propose a sensorless control scheme with human intention estimation. In order to implement the active mode rehabilitation therapy, an interactive torque observer using Kalman filter is utilized to obtain human intention on the human-robot interaction control. Since the accurate friction model is crucial for constructing the observer, a deep neural network (DNN) is proposed in this study to obtain an accurate friction model. Furthermore, a variable admittance model is constructed to derive human intention to the desired motion trajectory. Various experiments have been conducted to verify the performance of the proposed control scheme based on the interactive torque observer.
Low Illumination Enhancement For Object Detection In Self-Driving *

Object detection plays an important role in the field of self-driving. Illumination has a great impact on object detection, but most of the current methods do not solve the problem of object detection in poor light environment well. We propose a network that can optimize the image conversion which is based on the Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks (CycleGAN). We redesign the discriminator network of Cycle-GAN, add additional discriminators, optimize multiple parts of the network such as loss functions, and add object detection networks after converting the network. The Robot Car dataset of Oxford University is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the results proved that our method can significantly improve the detection accuracy and increase the detected object number in low illumination environment.
The Metering Automation System based Intrusion Detection Using Random Forest Classifier with SMOTE+ENN

The intrusion detection system (IDS) plays an important role in network security. The KDDCup99 dataset is the benchmark dataset. There is a huge imbalance between the classes in the KDDCup99 dataset. In this paper, we propose a model framework that combines Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and the Edited Nearest Neighbor Rule (ENN) using Random Forest Classifier. In terms of dealing with irrelevant and redundant features in the dataset which tends to increase time complexity and resource consumption as well as decrease detection rates, we combine ranks obtained from both information gain and correlation. Besides, 25 features were selected. The experimental results obtained showed that the SMOTE+ENN method can achieve higher precision, recall and F1-value.
Aperture-Integration Based Transient Diffraction Mechanism of Electromagnetic Scattering from Electrically Large Scatterers

This paper presents the fundamental diffraction mechanism of transient electromagnetic (EM) scattering from an electrically large scatterer with relative smoothly varying surface curvatures based on time domain aperture integration (TD-AI) approaches. In this TD-AI technique, the transient responses are predicted by considering the effects of equal net time-delay in propagation when the incident wave propagates to the field point via EM scattering from the scatterer. The characteristics of the contributing contour, which is defined by the intersection of an equal time-delay curved aperture (ETDCA) and a time-varying equal path-length (TEPL) sphere, is employed to interpret the EM scattering mechanisms. numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of this general TD-AI technique.