Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soils’ Pollutions by Petroleum Products Accounting for Biodegradation and Concentration-Dependent Diffusivity

We have developed a model of the migration of hydrocarbon compounds in soils using diffusive formalism. Biodegradation of pollutant by microbial organisms have been considered. We have adopted a configuration of concentrationdependent diffusivity. The nonlinear diffusion equation governing the system was solved numerically using the DOPRI5 fourth-and-fifth-order Runge-Kutta variable step integrator. The highest depth attainable in the ground depends on the type of contaminant considered and on its initial concentration at the ground surface. We obtained that, the maximum depth reached by the contaminant increases with the increasing value of the initial concentration. This maximum depth also declined with increasing coefficient of biodegradation. The distribution profiles of the pollutant shown that the degree of penetrating of the pollutant increases with the time period. We have found a good agreement between the results derived here and those of Zygadlo and Gawdzyk. at low concentrations. While important discrepancies appear at high concentrations. Keywords—Hydrocarbon contaminated soils, Porous media, Diffusion, Biodegradation, DOPRI5 RungeKutta integrator.
K2-264: a transiting multiplanet system in the Praesepe open cluster

Planet host stars with well-constrained ages provide a rare window to the time domain of planet formation and evolution. The NASA K2 mission has enabled the discovery of the vast majority of known planets transiting stars in clusters, providing a valuable sample of planets with known ages and radii. We present the discovery of two planets transiting K2-264, an M2 dwarf in the intermediate age (600-800 Myr) Praesepe open cluster (also known as the Beehive Cluster, M44, or NGC 2632), which was observed by K2 during Campaign 16. The planets have orbital periods of 5.8 and 19.7 d, and radii of 2.2 ± 0.2 and 2.7 ± 0.2R⊕, respectively, and their equilibrium temperatures are 496 ± 10 and 331 ± 7 K, making this a system of two warm sub-Neptunes. When placed in the context of known planets orbiting field stars of similar mass to K2-264, these planets do not appear to have significantly inflated radii, as has previously been noted for some cluster planets. As the second known system of multiple planets transiting a star in a cluster, K2-264 should be valuable for testing theories of photoevaporation in systems of multiple planets. Follow-up observations with current near-infrared (NIR) spectrographs could yield planet mass measurements, which would provide information about the mean densities and compositions of small planets soon after photoevaporation is expected to have finished. Follow-up NIR transit observations using Spitzer or large ground-based telescopes could yield improved radius estimates, further enhancing the characterization of these interesting planets.
Supernova observation via neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering in the CLEAN detector

Development of large mass detectors for low-energy neutrinos and dark matter may allow supernova detection via neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering. An elastic-scattering detector could observe a few, or more, events per ton for a galactic supernova at 10 kpc $(3.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}\mathrm{m}). $ This large yield, a factor of at least 20 greater than that for existing light-water detectors, arises because of the very large coherent cross section and the sensitivity to all flavors of neutrinos and antineutrinos. An elastic scattering detector can provide important information on the flux and spectrum of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ from supernovae. We consider many detectors and a range of target materials from ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ to ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}. $ Monte Carlo simulations of low-energy backgrounds are presented for the liquid-neon-based Cryogenic Low Energy Astrophysics with Noble gases detector. The simulated background is much smaller than the expected signal from a galactic supernova.
A robust BAO extractor

We define a procedure to extract the oscillating part of a given nonlinear Power Spectrum, and derive an equation describing its evolution including the leading effects at all scales. The intermediate scales are taken into account by standard perturbation theory, the long range (IR) displacements are included by using consistency relations, and the effect of small (UV) scales is included via effective coefficients computed in simulations. We show that the UV effects are irrelevant in the evolution of the oscillating part, while they play a crucial role in reproducing the smooth component. Our "extractor" operator can be applied to simulations and real data in order to extract the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) without any fitting function and nuisance parameter. We conclude that the nonlinear evolution of BAO can be accurately reproduced at all scales down to 0z= by our fast analytical method, without any need of extra parameters fitted from simulations.
Hot Gas in the Wolf–Rayet Nebula NGC 3199

The Wolf–Rayet (WR) nebula NGC 3199 has been suggested to be a bow shock around its central star, WR 18, which is presumably a runaway star, because optical images of the nebula show a dominating arc of emission southwest of the star. We present the XMM-Newton detection of extended X-ray emission from NGC 3199, unveiling the powerful effect of the fast wind from WR 18. The X-ray emission is brighter in the region southeast of the star and an analysis of the spectral properties of the X-ray emission reveals abundance variations: (i) regions close to the optical arc present nitrogen-rich gas enhanced by the stellar wind from WR 18 and (ii) gas at the eastern region exhibits abundances close to those reported for the nebular abundances derived from optical studies, which is a signature of an efficient mixing of the nebular material with the stellar wind. The dominant plasma temperature and electron density are estimated to be T ≈ 1.2 × 106 K and ne = 0.3 cm−3 with an X-ray luminosity in the 0.3–3.0 keV energy range of LX = 2.6 × 1034 erg s−1. Combined with information derived from Herschel and the recent Gaia first data release, we conclude that WR 18 is not a runaway star and that the formation, chemical variations, and the shape of NGC 3199 depend on the initial configuration of the interstellar medium.
Revisiting the quest for a universal log-law and the role of pressure gradient in “canonical” wall-bounded turbulent flows

The trinity of so-called "canonical" wall-bounded turbulent flows, comprising the zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer, abbreviated ZPG TBL, turbulent pipe flow, and channel/duct flows has continued to receive intense attention as new and more reliable experimental data have become available. Nevertheless, the debate on whether the logarithmic part of the mean velocity profile, in particular the Karman constant kappa, is identical for these three canonical flows or flow-dependent is still ongoing. In this paper, the asymptotic matching requirement of equal. in the logarithmic overlap layer, which links the inner and outer flow regions, and in the expression for the centerline/free-stream velocity is reiterated and shown to preclude a universal logarithmic overlap layer in the three canonical flows. However, the majority of pipe and channel flowstudies at friction Reynolds numbers Re-tau below approximate to 10(4) extract from near-wall profiles the same kappa of 0.38-0.39 as in the ZPG TBL. This apparent contradiction is resolved by a careful reanalysis of high-quality mean velocity profiles in the Princeton "Superpipe" and other pipes, channels, and ducts, which shows that the mean velocity in a near-wall region extending to around 700 "+" units in channels and ducts and 500 "+" units in pipes is the same as in the ZPG TBL. In other words, all the "canonical" flow profiles contain the lower end of the ZPG TBL log-region, which starts at a wall distance of 150-200 "+" units with a universal kappa of kappa(ZPG) approximate to 0.384. This interior log-region is followed by a second logarithmic region with a flow specific. > kappa(ZPG), which increases monotonically with pressure gradient. This second, exterior log-layer is the actual overlap layer matching up to the outer expansion, which implies equality of the exterior. and kappa(CL) obtained from the evolution of the respective centerline velocity with Reynolds number. The location of the switch-over point implies furthermore that this second log-layer only becomes clearly identifiable, i.e., separated from the wake region, for Re-tau well beyond 10(4) (see Fig. 1). This explains the discrepancies between the Karman constants of 0.38-0.39, extracted from near-wall pipe profiles below Re-tau approximate to 10(4) and the kappa's obtained from the evolution of the centerline velocity with Reynolds number. The same analysis is successfully applied to velocity profiles in channels and ducts even though experiments and numerical simulations have not yet reached Reynolds numbers where the different layers have even started to clearly separate.
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Nigella sativa L . *

Plants are natural factories for the production of chemical compounds, many of which are used to promote health and fight diseases and some of them are marketed as food or herbal medicines. Herbal medicines have long been viewed as a source of curative remedy based on religious and cultural traditions (Ghosheh, Houdi, and Crooks, 1999). There is increasing evidence that consumption of a variety of phenolic compounds present in natural foods may lower the risk of serious health disorders because of the antioxidant activity of these compounds. Since ancient times, herbs and spices have been added to different types of food to improve the flavor and organoleptic properties. Especially popular today is the concept of food that combines nutritional and medicinal benefits, especially antioxidant activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often generated as by products of biological reactions or from exogenous factors. These reactive species exert oxidative damaging effects by reacting with nearly every molecules found in living cells including DNA, if excess ROS are not eliminated by antioxidant system (Krötz, Sohn, Gloe, et al., 2002). Nigella sativa L. (Black cumin) is an annual herbaceous plant which belongs to family Ranunculaceae. The plant commonly grows in the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Western and Central Asia. This plant has been have been extensively investigated in recent years, due to its notable pharmacological properties (Dubick, 1986). It tastes slightly bitter and peppery with a crunchy texture. Seeds are angular, of generally small size (1–5 mg), dark grey of black colour. Seed oil of N. sativa is considered as health beneficial one among newer sources of edible oils, thanks to its important role in human nutrition and health. This seed oil has been reported to possess antitumor activity (Worthen, Ghosheh, and Crooks, 1998), antioxidant activity (Burits, and Bucar, 2000), antiinflammatory activity (Houghton, Zarka, de la Heras, and Hoult, 1995), antibacterial activity (Morsi, 2000) and astimulatory effect on the immune system (Salem, and Hossain, 2000). Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina
High-latitude fire activity of recent decades derived from microscopic charcoal and black carbon in Greenland ice cores

Warming temperatures and prolonged drought periods cause rapid changes of fire frequencies and intensities in high-latitude ecosystems. Associated smoke plumes deposit dark particles from incomplete combustion on the Greenland ice sheet that reduce albedo but also provide a detailed record of paleofire history. Here, we apply an emerging microscopic charcoal technique in combination with established black carbon and lead pollution measurements to an array of 10 ice cores from southern to central Greenland that span recent decades. We found that microscopic charcoal deposition is highly variable among sites, with a few records suggesting recently increasing biomass burning possibly in response to growing fire activity in boreal forest ecosystems. This stands in contrast to decreasing trends in black carbon measured in the same ice cores, consistent with contributions from industrial fossil fuel emissions. Decreasing trends of lead pollution and occurrence of microscopic spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP), a microfossil tracer of fossil fuel emissions, further support our interpretation that black carbon in this region is influenced by industrial emissions during recent decades. We conclude that microscopic charcoal analyses in ice may help disentangle biomass burning from fossil-fuel emissions during the industrial period and have potential to contribute to better understanding of regional high-latitude fire regimes.
Advancements in Dentistry with Artificial Intelligence: Current Clinical Applications and Future Perspectives

Artificial intelligence has been widely used in the field of dentistry in recent years. The present study highlights current advances and limitations in integrating artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning in subfields of dentistry including periodontology, endodontics, orthodontics, restorative dentistry, and oral pathology. This article aims to provide a systematic review of current clinical applications of artificial intelligence within different fields of dentistry. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) statement was used as a formal guideline for data collection. Data was obtained from research studies for 2009–2022. The analysis included a total of 55 papers from Google Scholar, IEEE, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Results show that artificial intelligence has the potential to improve dental care, disease diagnosis and prognosis, treatment planning, and risk assessment. Finally, this study highlights the limitations of the analyzed studies and provides future directions to improve dental care.
An Online Survey Testing Factorial Invariance of the Optimization in Primary and Secondary Control Scales among Older Couples in Japan and the US

This study examines the factorial invariance of the Optimization in Primary and Secondary Control (OPS) scale and its associations with subjective well-being among older couples in Japan and the US. To this end, 200 older couples in Japan and 220 in the US were recruited through paid vendors and completed the questionnaire online. Couples were eligible if husbands were 70 years or older and wives were 60 years or older. A six-factor model, in which Compensatory Primary Control was subdivided into two factors, fit the data best; its factorial invariance was confirmed among the four subsamples. Compensatory Secondary Control was more strongly associated with subjective well-being in American couples than in Japanese couples, although the associations between well-being and the other five OPS factors were similar in the two countries. Future research on this six-factor model will be able to examine how these control strategies function in different cultures.
Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the SDSS–APOGEE data base

We identify six new CEMP stars ([C/Fe]>+0.7 and [Fe/H]< -1.8) and another seven likely candidates within the APOGEE database following Data Release 12. These stars have chemical compositions typical of metal-poor halo stars, e.g., mean [$\alpha$/Fe] = +0.24$\pm$0.24, based on the ASPCAP pipeline results. A lack of heavy element spectral lines impedes further sub-classification of these CEMP stars, however, based on radial velocity scatter, we predict most are not CEMP-s stars which are typically found in binary systems. Only one object, 2M15312547+4220551, may be in a binary since it exhibits a scatter in its radial velocity of 1.7 $\pm$0.6 km s$^{-1}$ based on three visits over a 25.98 day baseline. Optical observations are now necessary to confirm the stellar parameters and low metallicities of these stars, to determine the heavy-element abundance ratios and improve the precision in the derived abundances, and to examine their CEMP sub-classifications.
Stellar Populations in a semi-analytic model I: Bulges of Milky Way-like galaxies

Fil: Gargiulo, Ignacio Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofisica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronomicas y Geofisicas. Instituto de Astrofisica La Plata; Argentina
Rapidly Rising Optical Transients from the Birth of Binary Neutron Stars

We study optical counterparts of a new-born pulsar in a double neutron star system like PSR J0737-3039A/B. This system is believed to have ejected a small amount of mass of  ( 0.1 M ⊙ ) at the second core-collapse supernova. We argue that the initial spin of the new-born pulsar can be determined by the orbital period at the time when the second supernova occurs. The spin angular momentum of the progenitor is expected to be similar to that of the He-burning core, which is tidally synchronized with the orbital motion, and then the second remnant may be born as a millisecond pulsar. If the dipole magnetic field strength of the nascent pulsar is comparable with that inferred from the current spin-down rate of PSR J0737-3039B, the initial spin-down luminosity is comparable to the luminosity of super-luminous supernovae. We consider thermal emission arising from the supernova ejecta driven by the relativistic wind from such a new-born pulsar. The resulting optical light curves have a rise time of ∼10 days and a peak luminosity of ∼1044 erg s−1. The optical emission may last for a month to several months, due to the reprocessing of X-rays and UV photons via photoelectric absorption. These features are broadly consistent with those of the rapidly rising optical transients. The high spin-down luminosity and small ejecta mass are favorable for the progenitor of the repeating fast radio burst, FRB 121102. We discuss a possible connection between new-born double pulsars and fast radio bursts.
Donaldson Wall-Crossing Invariants Via Topology

The wall-crossing formula for Donaldson invariants of smooth, simply connected four manifolds with $b^+=1$ is shown to be a topological invariant of the manifold for reducible connections with two or fewer singular points. The explicit formulas derived agree with those of Ellingsrud and Gottische and Friedman and Qin for algebraic manifolds.
In situ Preparation of a Phospholipid Gel Co-Loaded with Methotrexate and Dexamethasone for Synergistic Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by arthrocele, cartilage damage and disability. Although several anti-RA drugs have been developed for long-term treatment, they require frequent local injection and lead to multiple adverse effects such as osteoporosis and myelosuppression. Purpose Reducing the amount and frequency of anti-RA drugs methotrexate (MTX) and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) by local injection of phospholipid-based phase separation gel (PPSG) coloaded the two drugs, which presented PPSG-(+). Methods First, We characterized PPSG-(+). And we used UV spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect drug concentration, which can clarify the drug release in vitro and in vivo, respectively. We also injected PPSG-(+) into the joint cavity of healthy rabbits to prove the safety of PPSG-(+). Then, we injected PPSG-(+) into the joint cavity of RA modeled rabbits to demonstrate the effect in anti-RA of PPSG-(+) including the thickness of joints, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β detection, hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining and computed tomography (CT) of joints. Results Suspended particles show a tight and uniform arrangement in PPSG-(+). The gel underwent a phase transition at 20 min in vitro and 8 h in vivo, and vesicular structures reflecting its degradation and phase transition were observed in vivo. PPSG-(+) released both drugs in a sustained and fixed ratio for more than 14 days, while it proved to be safe for intra-articular injection and did not induce inflammation in a rabbit. Eventually, PPSG-(+) showed a good anti-RA effect and its potency can be maintained for 3 weeks. Conclusion PPSG-(+) is a drug delivery system offering good biocompatibility and sustained release of MTX and DSP, leading to long-lasting anti-RA effect.
BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS ON NONCOHESIVE SOILS

A bearing‐capacity analysis of shallow footings and strip foundations subjected to axial, eccentric, and inclined loading is presented for noncohesive soils. The influences of load eccentricity and inclination, subsoil surface inclination, and depth and shape of foundation with regard to classical and new calculation methods are discussed. Comparisons of different formulas of bearing‐capacity factors, shape and depth factors, load and surface inclination factors, as well as values of these factors are presented. A methodology and analysis of model test results of both the writer and other authors are also presented and compared with different calculation methods, which show considerable underestimation of results with respect to classical calculation methods and reasonable agreement for new ones. The results of experiments for strip foundations and footings have been statistically evaluated and empirical formulas to determine Nγ values proposed. The quantitative data presented can be useful for verificati.
Increasing the College Preparedness of At-Risk Students

GEAR UP (Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs) emerged in the late 1990s as a comprehensive outreach program seeking to enhance awareness of and readiness for college among low-income middle school students. After controlling for students' preprogram test scores and school characteristics, findings indicate that students participating in GEAR UP and in a comparison group gained in their reading and mathematics test scores. Analyses, however, found no statistically significant 2-year effects of program participation on students' reading scores, although a slight, nonsignificant trend across the study period suggested some closing of the statistically significant gap between the 2 groups in the baseline year.
Neutrino spin and spin-flavor oscillations in transversal matter currents with standard and nonstandard interactions

After a brief history of two known types of neutrino mixing and oscillations, including neutrino spin and spin-flavor oscillations in the transversal magnetic field, we perform a systematic study of a new phenomenon of neutrino spin and spin-flavor oscillations engendered by the transversal matter currents on the bases of the developed quantum treatment of the phenomenon. Possibilities for the resonance amplification of these new types of oscillations by the longitudinal matter currents and longitudinal magnetic fields are analyzed. Neutrino spin-flavor oscillations engendered by the transversal matter currents in the case of nonstandard interactions of neutrinos with background matter are also considered.