Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dopaminergic medication improves cognitive control under low cognitive demand in Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE Dopamine agonists are the main pharmacological intervention for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, dopaminergic medication has been associated with disinhibitory psychopathology in some patients. The aim of this study was to test the effect of dopaminergic medication on inhibitory control in patients with PD using the paced Random Number Generation task (RNG), which requires inhibition of prepotent counting in series to produce a random sequence of numbers. METHOD Twenty-three PD patients performed RNG on and off dopaminergic medication. Cognitive load was manipulated by performing RNG at faster (1Hz) and slower (0.5 Hz) rates. For RNG, two scores (CS1 and CS2) were derived, which are considered indices of more automatic and more controlled counting, respectively. RESULTS There were no main effects of medication on RNG performance. There was a significant main effect of cognitive load on CS1, with higher CS1 scores at the faster rate (p = <.01). A significant interaction effect between medication and rate (cognitive load; p = .03) followed by post hoc testing, revealed that CS2 scores were higher, on medication, at the slower but not the faster rate. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PD displayed increased use of more controlled processing strategies on medication at the slowest rate of RNG. Therefore, while dopaminergic medication has been associated with disinhibitory psychopathology, our results suggest that dopamine therapy may enhance some forms of inhibitory cognitive control in PD, but only if there is sufficient time to engage controlled processing strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
High-Value Palliative Care in Critical Illness.

Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal. org e341 REFERENCES 1. Taylor D, Wyncoll D: Intracranial Hemorrhage Occurs Early in Patients With Severe Respiratory Failure Requiring Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Crit Care Med 2020; 48:e339–e340 2. Cho SM, Farrokh S, Whitman G, et al: Neurocritical care for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients. Crit Care Med 2019; 47:1773–1781 3. Lockie CJA, Gillon SA, Barrett NA, et al: Severe respiratory failure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and intracranial hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:1642–1649 4. Cho SM, Ziai W, Mayasi Y, et al: Noninvasive neurological monitoring in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ASAIO J 2019 Apr 26. [Epub ahead of print] 5. Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G, et al; EOLIA Trial Group, REVA, and ECMONet: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1965–1975 6. Fanou EM, Coutinho JM, Shannon P, et al: Critical illness-associated cerebral microbleeds. Stroke 2017; 48:1085–1087 7. Omar HR, Mirsaeidi M, Mangar D, et al: Duration of ECMO is an independent predictor of intracranial hemorrhage occurring during ECMO support. ASAIO J 2016; 62:634–636 8. Mazzeffi M, Kon Z, Menaker J, et al: Large dual-lumen extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulas are associated with more intracranial hemorrhage. ASAIO J 2019; 65:674–677 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004251
Short- and Long-Term Outcome in Critically Ill Children After Acute Interhospital Transport to a PICU in Sweden*

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: Data on long-term survival in children after interhospital transport to a PICU are scarce. The main objective was to investigate short- and long-term outcome after acute interhospital transport to a PICU for different age and risk stratification groups. Secondary aims were to investigate whether neonatal patients would have higher mortality and be more resource demanding than older patients. Design: Single-center, retrospective cohort study. Setting: Specialist pediatric transport team and a tertiary PICU in Sweden. Patients: Critically ill children 0–18 years old, acutely transported by a specialist pediatric transport team to a PICU in Sweden (January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2016). Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 401 acute transport events were included. Overall mortality was 15.7% with a median follow-up time of 3.4 years (range, 0–10.2 yr). Median predicted death rate was 4.9%. There was no mortality during transport. Cumulative mortality almost doubled within the first 6 months after PICU discharge, from 6.5% to 12.0%. Of late deaths, 66.7% occurred in the risk stratification group predicted death rate 0–10%, and 95% suffered from severe comorbidity. There were no deaths after PICU discharge in the neonatal group. Cumulative mortality in multiple transported patients was 36.4%. Conclusions: This is the first report on long-term survival after acute pediatric interhospital transport. For the entire cohort, there was significant mortality after PICU discharge, especially in multiple transported patients. In contrast, survival in the subgroup of neonatal patients was high after PICU discharge.
Neuronal upregulation of Prospero protein is driven by alternative mRNA polyadenylation and Syncrip-mediated mRNA stabilisation

ABSTRACT During Drosophila and vertebrate brain development, the conserved transcription factor Prospero/Prox1 is an important regulator of the transition between proliferation and differentiation. Prospero level is low in neural stem cells and their immediate progeny, but is upregulated in larval neurons and it is unknown how this process is controlled. Here, we use single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridisation to show that larval neurons selectively transcribe a long prospero mRNA isoform containing a 15 kb 3′ untranslated region, which is bound in the brain by the conserved RNA-binding protein Syncrip/hnRNPQ. Syncrip binding increases the stability of the long prospero mRNA isoform, which allows an upregulation of Prospero protein production. Adult flies selectively lacking the long prospero isoform show abnormal behaviour that could result from impaired locomotor or neurological activity. Our findings highlight a regulatory strategy involving alternative polyadenylation followed by differential post-transcriptional regulation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Different prospero mRNA isoforms have different stabilities, depending on an interaction with the RNA binding protein Syncrip. Isoform choice in different cell types controls the expression level of Prospero protein.
Experiences of evidence based practice training and implementation in selected universities and hospitals in Tanzania: A Qualitative Study

Evidence based practice (EBP) has continuously been considered vital in health research, teaching and patients’ care. The main objective of the paper was to describe benefits of EBP training and challenges of implementation in selected Universities and hospitals in Tanzania. We conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs) with 26 participants who had attended EBP training that included academic members of staff in universities, physicians, nurses and librarians. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Participants reported that they benefitted from EBP training in terms of acquiring new knowledge as well as attainment of advanced professional skills. The training was also revealed to have been useful in areas of research, teaching and care of patients. Various challenges including; inadequate financial and material resources, technical and technological obstacles as well as negative attitude and disapproving mind-set were reported to hinder implementation of EBP. Overall, participants perceived EBP training to be a revelation in enhancing their use of information technology in teaching, research and care of patients. Besides, hospital and institutional administrations need to devise ways of mitigating challenges facing implementation of EBP.
Methodological quality and transparency of clinical practice guidelines for difficult airway management using the appraisal of guidelines research & evaluation II instrument.

BACKGROUND Complications arising from airway management represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are systematically created documents that summarise knowledge and assist the delivery of high-quality medical care by identifying evidence that supports best clinical care. OBJECTIVE Using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II instrument, we aimed to evaluate the methodological rigour and transparency of unanticipated difficult airway management CPGs in adults. DESIGN Using PUBMED without language restrictions, we identified eligible CPGs between 1 January 1996 and 30 June 2019. All versions of a CPG were included as independent guidelines to assess improvements over time or the methodological limitations of each version. CPGs-related obstetrics or paediatrics or the management extubation in cases of difficult airway were excluded. RESULTS Fourteen CPGs were included. Of the six domains suggested by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II instrument, 'applicability' had the lowest score (23%) and 'scope and objectives' had the highest score (88%). The remaining domains (stakeholder involvement, editorial independence, rigour of development and clarity of presentation) had scores ranging between 56 and 81%. Overall, the highest scored CPG was the Difficult Airway Society 2015. CONCLUSION Future updates of CPGs for difficult airway management in adults and severely ill patients should consider more emphasis on the applicability of their recommendations to real clinical practice.
Cervical canal morphology: Effects of neck flexion in normal condition - New elements for biomechanical simulations and surgical management.

STUDY DESIGN Continuous measurements and computation of absolute metrics of cervical subarachnoid space (CSS) and spinal cord (SC) geometries proposed are based on in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and 3D reconstruction. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to offer a new methodology to continuously characterize and to quantify the detailed morphology of the CSS and the cervical SC in 3D for healthy subjects in both neutral supine and flexion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA To the best of our knowledge, no study provide a morphological quantification by absolute indices based on the 3D reconstruction of SC and CSS thanks to in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, no study provide a continuous description of the geometries. METHODS Absolute indices of SC (cross-sectional area, compression ratio, position in the canal, length) and of CSS (cross-sectional area, occupational ratio, lengths) were computed by measures from 3D semi-automatic reconstructions of high resolution in vivo magnetic resonance images (3D T2-SPACE sequence) on healthy subjects (N=11) for two postures: supine neutral and flexion neck positions. The variability induced by the semi-automatic reconstruction and by the landmarks positioning were investigated by preliminary sensitivity analyses. Inter and intra-variability were also quantified on a randomly chosen part of our population (N = 5). RESULTS The length and cross-sectional area of SC are significantly different (p < 0.05) in flexion compared to neutral neck position. Spinal cord stays centered in the canal for both postures. However, the cross-sectional area of CSS is submitted to low variation after C3 vertebra for both postures. OR and CR after C3 are significantly lower in flexion. CONCLUSIONS This study presented interpretations of morphological measures: 1) left-right stability (described by the Left-Right eccentricity index) ensured by the denticulate ligaments and the nerve roots attached to the dural sheaths, 2) a Poisson effect of the SC was partially notified through its axial (AP diameter, OR, CR) and its longitudinal geometrical descriptions (LSC). Such morphological data can be useful for geometrical finite element modeling and could now be used to compare with injured or symptomatic subjects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Evaluation of Disaster Medicine Preparedness among Healthcare Profession Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan

Background: Disasters are devastating incidents, especially when occurring suddenly and causing damage, great loss of life, or suffering. Disasters can affect health and the social and economic development of a nation. The article analyzes the knowledge (K), attitude (A), and readiness to practice (rP) of healthcare professional students in universities in Pakistan. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study using a pretested and validated self-administered disaster medicine and preparedness questionnaire. The study recruited 310 students. Responses were scored and categorized as high (75th quartile), moderate (75–25th quartiles), and low (25th quartile). Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression analyses were performed at an alpha level of 0.05. Results: The study found that most of the students had moderate knowledge, attitude, readiness to practice, and total KArP scores. All K, A, and rP scores were significantly correlated with overall KArP scores. Knowledge and attitude factors were significant predictors of readiness to practice. Conclusions: We strongly believe that educators and health policymakers should build a strong curriculum in disaster medicine management and preparedness to prepare competent future healthcare professionals for the nation.
The construction and validation of a health-related quality of life measure for women with endometriosis

iii OPSOMMING.v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.vii TABLE OF CONTENTS.viii LIST OF FIGURES.xv LIST OF TABLES.xvi GLOSSARY OF MEDICAL TERMS.xvii LIST OF APPENDICES.xviii CHAPTER 1: Introduction.1 1.1 Background.1 1.2 Health-related quality of life and chronic illness.2 1.2. 1 Measuring health-related quality of life . 2 1.3 Endometriosis.3 1.3. 1 Prevalence.4 1.3. 2 Symptoms and disease stages.4 1.3. 3 Pathogenesis.5 1.3. 4 Diagnosis of endometriosis.7 1.3. 5 Treatment of endometriosis.8 1.3. 6 Prognosis of treatment efficacy for endometriosis.10 1.4 Psychological aspects of endometriosis.11 1.5 Health-related quality of life and endometriosis.11 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin for Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE The protective effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on kidney transplantation has not been established. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the potential influence of rHuEPO on transplanted kidneys. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify relevant studies, we searched electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Ovid, the Cochrane Library, and major nephrology journals) from inception until June 15, 2018. Two independent reviewers assessed study quality. The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed with fixed- or random-effects models according to heterogeneity, and results are expressed as risk ratios (RR) or weighted mean differences. RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials with a total of 435 patients met the inclusion criteria. rHuEPO, compared with placebo, had no statistically significant effect on delayed graft function (RR = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] , 0.73 to 1.07; P = 0.22) and slow graft function (RR = 0.93, 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.43; P = 0.73). The rHuEPO and control groups did not differ in thromboembolic events, mortality, acute rejection, and blood transfusion. A significant difference was found in long-term estimated glomerular filtration rate (RR = 3.65, 95% CI, -4.45 to 11.75; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our findings suggests that rHuEPO has a limited nephroprotective effect in patients undergoing kidney transplantation and does not increase the susceptibility to adverse events.
Comparison of Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality among Late Preterm and Term Neonates at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Gujarat

Material and Methods: This hospital based retrospective study was carried out by enrolling live newborns admitted during January 2014 to December 2014 in the neonatal intensive care unit at Civil Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat. With ethical permission from Institutional Ethical Committee and administrative permission from medical superintendent files of the neonates were retrospectively reviewed.
A direct comparison of the day reconstruction method (DRM) and the experience sampling method (ESM).

The day reconstruction method (DRM) is an approach to measuring well-being that is designed to approximate the rich data that can be obtained from intensive repeated measures designs like those used in the experience sampling method (ESM). Although some preliminary tests of the validity of the DRM have been conducted, these typically focus on agreement between the 2 methods at very broad levels, rather than focusing on whether the 2 methods provide similar information about the exact same moments. This article reports 2 studies that use ESM and DRM to assess the same moments. Agreement between the 2 measures varied considerably depending on the focus of the analysis. For aggregate assessments of total time spent in situations and average affect in situations, agreement was high; for between-person differences in time use and experienced affect, agreement varied across situations; and for within-person differences in both situations and affect, agreement was quite low. In addition, we found preliminary evidence that the DRM may be more influenced by expectations regarding the pleasantness of situations as compared with ESM. These results suggest that for many common purposes, the DRM does not provide the same information as ESM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
The Influence of Agricultural Practices, the Environment, and Cultivar Differences on Soybean Seed Protein, Oil, Sugars, and Amino Acids

Information on the effects of agricultural practices such as seeding rate (S), row spacing (RS), herbicide apical treatment (T), and nitrogen application (N) on soybean seed nutrition (protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids) is limited. Although seed composition (nutrition) constituents are genetically controlled, agricultural practices and environmental conditions significantly influence the amount and quality of seed nutrition. Therefore, the objective of this research was to understand the responses of these seed composition constituents to these practices, the environment, and cultivar differences. Two-field experiments were conducted, in 2015 and 2016, in Milan, TN, USA. The experiments were irrigated with four replications and included: two soybean cultivars, two seeding rates, three different row spacings, two N rates, and Cobra herbicide apical treatment. The results showed significant effects of S, RS, N, and T on some seed composition constituents, including protein; oleic, linolenic, and stearic acids; sugars; and some amino acids. The current research demonstrated that single or twin row with a seeding rate of 40,000 seeds ha−1 resulted in higher protein, oleic, some sugars, and some amino acids. However, a high seeding rate of 56,000 seeds ha−1 resulted in lower protein, oleic acid, some sugars, and some amino acids due to plant competition for soil nutrients. Herbicide apical application of Cobra1X resulted in higher linolenic acid and some amino acids. Application of nitrogen resulted in higher protein, linolenic, and some amino acids. This research is beneficial to the scientific communities, including breeders and physiologists through advancing knowledge on the interactions between cultivars and environment for seed nutritional quality selection, and to soybean producers through consideration of best agricultural management to maintain high seed nutritional qualities.
Relationship between peritoneal permeability with inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in peritoneal dialysis patients

Aim: High permeability in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is reported to be associated with increased mortality. Cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. The inflammation is thought to take part in development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation of peritoneal permeability type with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in PD patients. Material and Methods: Based on the standard peritoneal equilibration test, 56 PD patients (28 male) were divided in two transporter groups: low (low+low average) and high (high+high average) permeability. C-reactive protein (CRP) measured as a marker of inflammation and CIMT was evaluated by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Results: Twenty one patients were low and 35 of them were high peritoneal transporters. Mean CRP level was significantly higher in the high permeability group (HPG) (1.62±1.7 vs 0.84±1 mg/dL; p=0.006). CIMT was higher in the HPG but this difference did not reach statistical significance (0.810±0.160 vs 0.740±0.160 mm; p=0.16). Conclusions: CRP, an indicator of inflammation, was found to be higher in the HPG. CIMT also was found to be higher in HPG although it was not statistically significant. One of the causes of increased mortality rate in this group of patients may be explained by inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Measuring university students’ beliefs toward healthy snack selection

Abstract Objectives: Understanding university students’ beliefs toward selecting healthy snacks is important in developing effective programs targeting healthy eating behaviors. The purpose of this research was to assess students’ beliefs toward healthy snack selection and consumption. Participants: In November 2017, a convenience sample of 779 undergraduate students living on campus completed an online survey. Methods: A survey was developed to measure students’ beliefs about eating healthy snacks. Paired t-tests were used to compare differences in beliefs and their importance. Independent t-tests were used to compare differences in belief responses by gender. Results: Students believed that healthy snacks were good for health and assisting with weight management. However, time management, motivation, preparation needs, and poor taste were reported as barriers to selection and consumption of healthy snacks. Conclusions: Increasing students’ awareness of available food preparation facilities, developing food preparation skills, and motivation for consumption of healthy-good tasting snacks may increase healthier snacking.
Substandard and Falsified Medicines in Myanmar

Background: substandard and falsified medicines (SFMs) are a threat to public health. The availability of SFMs in Myanmar was reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999, but there have been few systematic surveys on falsified medicines in Myanmar since then. The aim of this study is to examine the extent of SFMs for sale in Myanmar. Methods: target medicines were tablets of candesartan, metformin, and pioglitazone, and infusions of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Samples were collected from hospitals, pharmacies, and wholesalers located in the Mandalay region in 2015. We carried out observation testing, authenticity investigation, and quality testing to search for SFMs, and analyzed the relationship between SFMs and the price and store type. Results: There were no falsified medicines found in the authenticity check, though there remained a problem due to low response rates from manufacturers and regulatory authorities. In the quality test, some tablets of metformin and pioglitazone made in India failed the dissolution test. Conclusions: although no serious problems were found, some substandard medicines were detected. Regular surveys to monitor SFMs are therefore recommended, together with further regulatory guidance to improve conditions in all medicine manufacturers, distributors, and pharmacies.