Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drainage Needs and Returns in North-Central Iowa

CURRENT status of drainage and estimated drainage needs of the soils in the Des Moines River basin as indicated from an extensive survey are presented. A high percentage of the area has the potential for receiving benefits by improving county mains and on-the-farm drainage. Analyses have been made of the economic potential for drainage improvements by comparing three drainage input levels. Benefit-cost ratios indicate drainage of very poorly drained and poorly drained soils is a good investment for corn and soybean production.
LAAS Integrated Multipath-Limiting Antenna

: A significant portion of the reduction of multipath in the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) ground system is accomplished by means of an integrated multipath-limiting antenna (IMLA). Many years of analysis, design, and development have been applied to the creation of a dual-beam IMLA that provides the performance necessary to meet the demanding requirements of accuracy, availability, and integrity for the LAAS Ground Facility (LGF). Ground multipath rejection on the order of 35 to 40 dB is achieved with the IMLA throughout the entire satellite hemispherical coverage volume. Flight testing of the LAAS utilizing the IMLA at both the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) William J. Hughes Technical Center and Ohio University has shown that the IMLA rejects multipath to levels demonstrated to allow full compliance with the LGF specifications.
Relation of susceptibility-weighted imaging findings with histological grade in intracranial meningiomas

Aim: We aimed to investigate the relation of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) findings with histological grade in intracranial meningiomas. Materials and Methods: Histopathologically confirmed 58 intracranial meningioma patients (48 typical (low-grade meningioma), 10 atypical (high-grade meningioma)) who had undergone preoperative SWI between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor size, location, presence of peritumoral edema, WHO grade, low-grade meningioma subtypes and Ki-67 proliferation indexes were noted. SWI findings of intracranial meningiomas were categorized as either positive or negative based on presence/absence of intratumoral susceptibility signals (ITSSs). The origin of ITSSs in SWI-positive meningiomas was assessed with phase images and classified as calcification (SWI-C), vascular structure (SWI-V) or hemorrhage (SWI-H). Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, Fisher’s exact tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed for statistical assessment. Results: There was a significant association between SWI-positivity and low-grade in meningiomas (p = 0.010). A higher incidence of calcification was found in low-grade meningiomas (%60 in low-grade vs %10 in high-grade). Peritumoral edema was found to be associated with high grade in meningiomas (p = 0.032). Ki-67 proliferation index was significantly higher in high-grade meningiomas compared to low-grade. (p = 0.000). Conclusion: SWI combined with peritumoral edema may help to predict high grade in intracranial meningiomas.
On-Road Versus Simulator Data in Driver Model Development Driver Performance Model Experience

Driver Performance Model (DPM) development has provided results reflecting on the debate between on-road and driving-simulator data in driving research. Developed for FHWA, DPM is a computational micro-process model of driver behavior that has been designed to simulate—in detail—the driver’s perceptual, cognitive, and control processes to generate steering, braking, and acceleration inputs to the vehicle. The requirement to develop driver data for prediction of absolute on-road performance—versus typical interest in ordinal findings to be later validated via on-road studies—led to the collection of comparable on-road and simulator data and their subsequent comparison. Comparisons of corresponding curve-entry speeds and speed profiles revealed a profound divergence between the on-road and simulator results (t = 9.39, p < .005). Compared with simulator drivers, on-road drivers tended to have higher curve-entry speeds for the more difficult (sharper) curves and lower speeds for the less difficult curves. This trend, though reduced in magnitude, was apparent even after statistical adjustments for differences in respective tangent speeds (t = 2.67, p < .01). These results are discussed in light of emerging on-road and simulator capabilities. The discussion and earlier results altogether supported two conclusions: (a) debate concerning on-road versus simulator research studies is likely to continue with their rapidly emerging individual capabilities, and (b) on-road research currently provides the best basis for driver model development where one-to-one real-world predictions are required (e.g., DPM).
Desempeño de redes inalámbricas y redes industriales inalámbricas en procesos de control en tiempo real bajo ambientes industriales

The growing use of Ethernet networks on the industrial automation pyramid has led many companies to develop new devices to operate in requirements of this level, nowadays it is called Industrial Ethernet network, on the market there are various sensors and actuators to industrial scale equipped with this technology, many of these devices are very expensive. In this paper, the performance of two wireless networks is evaluated, the first network has conventional Ethernet devices, and the second network has Industrial Ethernet devices. For the process we vary four parameters such as distance, number of bytes, the signal to noise ratio, and the packet error rate, and then we measure delays and compare with metric statistics results, Box Plot graphs were used for the analysis. Finally, we conclude that under the parameters and conditions tested, wireless networks can serve as a communication system in control applications with allowable delays of up to 50 ms, in addition, the results show a better performance of Industrial Ethernet networks over conventional networks, with differences in the RTT of milliseconds. Therefore, it is recommended to establish what risk is for the process to control these delays to determine if the equipment conventional applies, since under certain features like humidity and temperature can operate properly for a considerable time and at lower cost than devices to Industrial Ethernet.
An accelerated forward-backward splitting algorithm for solving inclusion problems with applications to regression and link prediction problems

The forward-backward method is a very popular approach to solve composite inclusion problems. In this paper, we propose a novel accelerated forward-backward algorithm to obtain the vanishing point of sum of two operators in which one is maximal monotone and other is M -cocoercive, where M is a linear bounded operator on underlying spaces. Our proposed algorithm is more general than previously known algorithms. We study the convergence behavior of proposed algorithm under mild assumptions in the framework of real Hilbert spaces. We employ our model to solve regression problems and link prediction problems for high dimensional datasets and conduct numerical experiments to support our results. This model improves convergence speed and accuracy in respective problems. We also conduct numerical experiments to support our results
Prediction of water and wastewater networks rehabilitation based current age and material distribution

Ageing drinking water, stormwater and sewer pipe networks imply an increased degree of rehabilitation. The need for rehabilitation can be predicted using lifetime distribution functions together with current network age and material distribution. In Sweden, current age and material distribution is neither documented on a national level, nor for many water utilities on a local level. In this study, current network age and material distribution was provided through a questionnaire sent to Swedish water and wastewater utilities and the data provided were extrapolated to cover the whole of Sweden. The data were then combined with lifetime distribution functions to provide predictions. One limitation is that for newer materials the lifetime is still uncertain. Predictions were made for different scenarios to reflect local differences and the medium scenario shows that while the Swedish rehabilitation rate is stable, investments in monetary terms need to double in the next 60 years. The rehabilitation rate is also dependent on the extent to which the network is expanded. This method can be used to calculate national investment needs, and the results can also provide a basis for estimates for Swedish utilities with data scarcity.
Characteristics of Cold Air Outbreaks and associated Polar Mesoscale Cyclones in the North-Atlantic region

<p>Geographically confined, equatorward excursions of cold air masses into ice-free regions account for the majority of oceanic heat loss in key regions for deepwater formation in the North Atlantic. These cold-air outbreaks (CAO) are frequently accompanied by the development of severe mesoscale weather features, such as intense low-level jets and polar lows. Exchange of heat, moisture and momentum between the ocean and atmosphere in response to mesoscale features, either directly, or indirectly via modulating the longevity and intensity of the cold air mass modulates the wind-driven oceanic gyres. Yet, it remains unclear how often mesoscale cyclones accompany cold-air outbreaks, and how mesoscale features modify the air-sea interactions. &#160;</p><p>Focusing on two key regions, the Labrador Sea and the Greenland/Norwegian Sea, we outline the temporal evolution of CAO events and associated mesoscale cyclogenesis. We apply objective detection to both CAO events and mesoscale cyclones and introduce an alternative metric to characterize the cold air mass. Despite the nearly 20 degrees difference in latitude, CAOs over both regions exhibit rather similar evolution, surface fluxes, and thermodynamic structure. The large scale configuration during CAO onset comprises a very cold upper level through over the CAO region and a surface cyclone downstream. As the CAO matures the cold air mass extends towards the south-east, accompanied by enhanced surface fluxes and destabilization of the CAO airmass. About 2/3 of the CAO events are accompanied by mesoscale cyclogenesis, with the majority of mesoscale cyclones originating inside the cold air masses. Neither the duration nor the maturity of the CAO event is relevant for the initiation of mesoscale cyclogenesis. Genesis conditions for mesoscale cyclogenesis during CAOs over the Labrador Sea are moister and exhibit stronger surface fluxes compared to their Norwegian Sea counterparts. </p>
Supporting learning in advanced supply systems in the automotive and aerospace industries

This chapter analyse the attempts made by a development project on Knowledge and Learning in Advanced Supply Systems (KLASS), funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the European ADAPT programme, to support the learning of individuals and organisations in the automotive and aerospace industries. The project sought to support small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) through inter-company, computer mediated, learning networks that have a strong focus on both immediate performance improvements and longer-term educational objectives. The underlying pedagogical idea is that there is considerable value in attempting to link processes of knowledge creation with tackling the core problems of manufacturing practice as a means of engaging learners that have traditionally been difficult for educational institutions to reach. The model of learning used with its emphasis upon networking, knowledge creation, linking an initial focus upon performance with a progressive broadening of ideas about learning and development was particularly well suited to its context: supporting learning and development in advanced supply systems. However, the scale of the effort and resources required to make the project successful means that considerable challenges would remain if the model were to be successfully implemented in a range of other contexts.
AUTOMATED MODEL CONSTRUCTION FOR SEISMIC DISASTER ASSESSMENT OF PIPELINE NETWORK OF LIFELINE

This paper seeks to develop a module for automated model construction of a pipeline network using geographical information system (GIS) of lifeline, for the sake of more rational seismic disaster assessment. The module is assigned a functionality which enables to generate two types of analysis models, a simple 2D model and a 3D model with high fidelity for pipe configuration. The module is coded in an objective oriented programming, so that it is easier to be extended to generate other types of analysis models. The module is applied to actual GIS, and the configuration of the generated model is verified. As an example, numerical analysis is made for the automatically constructed models by using a commercial finite element method package, and it is shown that these models are mechanically consistent and can be used for seismic disaster assessment.
Visualisation d'écoulements turbulents avec ébullition sous-refroidie dans un canal rectangulaire

La compréhension et détermination précise d'écoulements avec ébullition sous-refroidie sont de prime importance dans de nombreux domaines d'applications. Le développement de modèles d'écoulements sous-refroidis pour la conception de réacteurs nucléaires, générateurs de vapeur, systèmes de réfrigérations est une tâche importante. La plupart deces modèles est basée sur des techniques expérimentales qui toutes utilisent des probes pour obtenir des mesures ponctuelles avec grande résolution temporelle. Cependant, il y a un manque concernant des expériences capables de capturer instantanément des mesures globales en des temps de réponse très courts. Dans cet article, la Vélocimétrie Par Suivi de Particule (PTV) est employée pour surmonter les contraintes associées avec les techniques de mesures ponctuelles. La PTV est une technique fournissant instantanément les vecteurs-vitesse d'un champ complet avec une haute résolution spatio-temporelle. La PTV est également un outil performant pour l'analyse d'écoulements avec ébullition de par sa capacité à distinguer les phases liquide et vapeur, permettant ainsi d'obtenir les champs de vitesse pour chaque phase indépendamment. Dans cette étude, le champ de vitesse liquide d'un écoulement turbulent avec ébullition sous-refroidie dans un canal rectangulaire a été obtenu par PTV. Les résultats présentent un bon accord avec des études similaires employant des techniques de mesures ponctuelles. De plus, la PTV fournit des informations supplémentaires : en plus des profils moyens de vitesse, les champs bidimensionnels sont disponibles avec une grande résolution spatio-temporelle. L'analyse des fluctuations de vitesses, des tensions de Reynolds, des moments statistiques d'ordre élevé des écoulements est présentée. Ce travail s'inscrit dans un effort pour améliorer les modèles de turbulence dans les écoulements avec ébullition sous-refroidie.
Discussion of “Investigation of Soil Arching with Centrifuge Tests” by Geraldo R. Iglesia, Herbert H. Einstein, and Robert V. Whitman

The authors are to be congratulated on an interesting and valuable insight into arching behaviour. However, the ‘normalised loading’ in Figures 10 and 11 of the original paper (at the points of ‘Minimum Load’ and ‘End of Test’) does not seem appropriate. The plots show results for various values of H / B
Effects of fibre-reinforced cement composites' ductility on the seismic performance of short coupling beams

The current study examines the effects of the deformation behaviour of cementitious material ductility on the seismic performance of shear-dominant coupling beams. Matrix ductility and reinforcement layouts comprise the main testing variables. Three short coupling beams with two different reinforcement arrangements and matrices are constructed and tested. They are subjected to cyclic loading under a suitable experimental set-up. All specimens are characterised by a shear span–depth ratio of 1·0. The reinforcement layouts consist of a classical scheme and diagonal scheme without confining ties. The effects of cement-based matrix ductility on crack patterns, failure modes, hysteretic characteristics and the ultimate shear load of the coupling beams are examined. The combination of a ductile cement-based matrix and steel reinforcement is found to result in improved energy dissipation capacity, simplification of reinforcement details, and damage-tolerant inelastic deformation behaviour. Test results show that.
Estimating flow rates through individual outlets of siphonic roof drainage systems

An experimental investigation is used to quantify the flow rates through individual outlets of multi-outlet siphonic roof drainage systems under both full-pipe and partially filled pipe flow conditions. A pressure transducer and a propeller-type current meter were installed within each tailpipe to measure water depth and flow velocity. The study tests the hypothesis that it may be possible to predict accurately the flow rates through individual outlets of multi-outlet siphonic roof drainage systems. A new technique of estimating flow rates is trialled by comparing instantaneous pressure transducer and current meter readings with previously calibrated flow data to find the best data match. The study results were very positive and clearly demonstrate that the underlying methodology was appropriate and that it may be possible to model numerically the individual outlet flow rates in multi-outlet siphonic roof drainage systems.
Air Traffic Control Specialist Age and En Route Operational Errors

U.S. federal law requires that air traffic control specialists (ATCSs) hired after May 16, 1972 retire at age 56 on the premise that the risk of adverse events such as operational errors (OEs) increases with age (U.S. House of Representatives, 1971). OE count was modeled as a function of en route ATCS age and exposure to test that premise using Poisson regression. The odds of OE involvement for older (age 56 and older) and younger (age 55 or less) ATCSs were equal. These results suggest that the rationale for mandatory retirement of controllers might need to be reexamined through continued research.
Defining and Measuring Compliance With Oral Appliance Therapy

Chair, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of IllinoisChicago, Chicago, Illinois; San Diego Sleep Therapy, San Diego, California; Private Practice, Solon, Ohio; Department ENT, Antwerp University Hospital, Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Board Liaison, Adame Dental Sleep Medicine
Detection of Quiet Vehicles by Blind Pedestrians

AbstractThis paper examines participants who are blind, with and without normal hearing, regarding detection of forward approaching and backing vehicles operating in electric mode (identified in this paper as quiet vehicles) under low speed conditions. Testing under low ambient sound conditions involved evaluation of internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrid vehicles operating in electric mode (EM), and the same hybrid vehicles operating in EM but with five different artificially generated sounds. Three of the five artificial sounds improved detection relative to the internal combustion engine condition for both forward and backward detection tasks. Regression analysis indicated that significant predictors of forward detection performance include average wind speed, amplitude modulation of the signal, hearing loss in the 500 Hz range, vehicle velocity, minimum ambient sound level, and overall vehicle sound level in units of A-weighted decibels. The corresponding analysis for backward detection indicated.
Functional Vulnerability Assessment of SCADA Network

The functional vulnerability of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Network is investigated in this paper. To describe the functional behavior of SCADA network, a simple dynamic model is used. Then, two SCADA networks with typical structure are reproduced according to the ones in the real world. The functional behaviors of two SCADA networks are investigated, which show that the star structure has better performance than the mesh structure. The response of SCADA network's behavior to the removal of edges is studied, which shows that the mesh network has better functional robustness than the star network.
Problem-focused Coping Controls Burnout in Medical Students: The Case of a Selected Medical School in Kenya

The consequences of burnout are dire yet little attention has been focused on it among medical students in a problem-based curriculum. The purpose of the current study was to establish the prevalence of burnout and its relationship with coping among medical students. It was predicted that the prevalence of burnout would be high and that problem-focused coping would reduce burnout while avoidant and emotion-focused coping would worsen it. A purposive sample of 182 medical students selected from a medical school in Kenya provided self-report data on coping strategies and components of burnout. A greater proportion of students suffered moderate to high burnout. Correlational analyses showed that problem-focused coping significantly lowered emotional exhaustion and the sense of reduced personal accomplishment. Emotion-focused coping significantly reduced the sense of reduced personal accomplishment contrary to the expectation. Avoidant coping elevated emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. In general, the hypothesis that problem-focused coping would ameliorate burnout was supported. It is recommended that medical students be coached on the engagement coping approaches to shield them from the adverse effects of burnout.
Long Wave Infrared Testing At NBS

At present, National Bureau of Standards (NBS) work in the Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) spectral region is performed using three calibration facilities. These facilities are: 1) a spectral calibration facility for "medium temperature" (350-1300 K) blackbodies, 2) a broadband facility for calibrating blackbodies (-50 - +150°C) against a room temperature background and 3) a facility for calibrating blackbodies (150-600 K) in a cryogenic environment. Two recent calibrations for the LWIR community will be described to illustrate the features and limitations of the present NBS facilities: for the first calibration [in facility (3)] the total radiant output at a source in a small, well-defined solid angle was measured using an electrically calibrated absolute radiometer; for the second [in facility (2)], a source was radiometrically compared with a high-quality, variable temperature blackbody using an IR radiometer with a variable wavelength filter. Future plans to enlarge and upgrade the cryogenic facility to provide increased sensitivity will be described. Systematic studies of the errors due to diffraction, polarization, and attenuation are planned. Future work to explore the possibility of basing calibrations on self-calibration techniques with LWIR detectors will also be described.