Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Weed-cutting on Fisheries: an Experimental Study in a Small Lowland River

Attempts to relate the impacts of an experimental weed-cutting programme, involving the partial and total clearance of aquatic and bankside vegetation, to the abundance of fish stocks in a small lowland river were made difficult by large inherent fluctuations in population levels within the fish community. However, mapping studies showed fish distribution in uncut and partially cut sections to be strongly associated with weed cover, particularly that provided by overhanging backside vegetation. It is suggested that a partial-cut strategy, in which marginal weed beds and bankside vegetation are left undisturbed, is more beneficial to fisheries than traditional programmes of weed clearance. Increased fish movements during the operation of a weed-cutting launch suggest that this form of control may result in more disturbance to the fish community than does manual weed control. Weed-cutting and other weed management practices are discussed in relation to fisheries ecology and conservation.
The Use of Concentrates Rich in Orange By-Products in Goat Feed and Its Effects on Physico-Chemical, Textural, Fatty Acids, Volatile Compounds and Sensory Characteristics of the Meat of Suckling Kids

Simple Summary Spain is a major global producer of both goats and citrus fruits on the world. Using by-products of the orange industry for feeding ruminants has environmental advantages. In this work, we analysed how replacing cereal concentrates with dehydrated orange pulp (DOP) in the diet of mother goats affects the meat quality of suckling kids. We evaluated the following characteristics of the meat of suckling kids of the dairy Payoya breed: chemical composition; texture; water holding capacity; colour; saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFA, MUFA, and PUFA, respectively); volatile compounds; and sensorial appraisal. The inclusion of DOP in goat feed did not affect the proximal composition, texture, colour, or juiciness of the kids’ meat. However, the inclusion of DOP improved the indices of the nutritional value of the meat for human health (thrombogenicity index, PUFA/SFA ratio, and n-6/n-3 ratio). The inclusion of DOP in goat feed reduced MUFA content in the kids’ meat. An increase in aromatic compounds, including ethyl furan, dimethyl disulphide, and heptane, was observed in the grilled meat of kids from goats that were fed DOP. The use of DOP in goat feed improved consumers’ sensory appreciation of the suckling kids’ meat. Abstract We analysed how replacing cereal concentrates with dehydrated orange pulp (DOP) in the diet of mother goats affects the meat quality of suckling kids. Three experimental diets for mother goats were designed. The DOP-0 diet contained commercial concentrates and alfalfa hay. In the DOP-40 and DOP-80 diets, 40% and 80% (respectively) of the cereal in the concentrate was replaced with pellets of DOP (the alfalfa hay component was unchanged). We evaluated the chemical composition, texture, water holding capacity, colour, fatty acids (FAs) profile, volatile compounds, and sensorial appraisal of the meat from 30 male suckling kids (cold carcass weight 4.74 kg, 4.82 kg, and 4.65 kg for DOP-0, DOP-40, and DOP-80, respectively) of the Payoya breed (n = 10 for each diet). Meat from kids in the DOP-40 and DOP-80 groups exhibited characteristics favourable for human health, including the meat’s thrombogenicity index, PUFA/SFA ratio (0.60 index), and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio (approximately 7.50). The meat also exhibited reduced MUFA content (around 460 mg/100 g fresh meat). An increase in ethyl furan, dimethyl disulphide and heptane was observed in grilled meat from goats that were fed using DOP. The inclusion of DOP in goat feed improved consumers’ sensory appreciation of the kid’s meat.
Genomics Paves the Way for Better Infant Medulloblastoma Therapy.

The survival of young children with medulloblastoma is worse than that of older children because of the purposeful omission of craniospinal irradiation (CSI) from front-line therapy. This avoidance of CSI, a mainstay of therapy in older children, is justified because adverse effects increase inversely with age, and the youngest suffer irreparable damage to neurocognition, growth, and development. In addition, a significant proportion of this population survives despite the omission of CSI, although it is difficult to predict which patients might be spared the adverse effects of this therapy. Tominimize themorbidity of CSI in this population, a series of clinical trials have tried to substitute this modality with other treatment regimens. To distinguish this population from older children, neuro-oncologists call these young patients “infants. ” Although the use of this term is incorrect because it includes children older than age 1 year, it has proven useful to identify children in whom the goal is to avoid CSI. Even so, the term infant remains ambiguous because no accepted age cutoff exists, yet it always includes those , 3 years old and sometimes includes those up to 6 years old. Nonetheless, the term has stuck, and “infant” trials have broadly used four categories of treatment: systemic chemotherapy only; systemic chemotherapy with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous stem-cell rescue; systemic chemotherapy with intraventricular chemotherapy (IVT); and systemic chemotherapy with primary site irradiation (focal radiotherapy [RT]).
Flow Cytometry Definition of Rat Mammary Epithelial Cell Populations and Their Distinct Radiation Responses

Breast tissue is very susceptible to radiation-induced carcinogenesis, and mammary stem/progenitor cells are potentially important targets of this. The mammary epithelium is maintained as two mostly independent lineages of luminal and basal cells. To elucidate their immediate radiation responses, we analyzed the mammary glands of female Sprague-Dawley rats, a radiation carcinogenesis model, using colony formation, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The results revealed that flow cytometry successfully fractionates rat mammary cells into CD49fhi CD24lo basal, CD49fmed CD24hi luminal progenitor, and CD49flo CD24hi mature luminal populations, resembling human breast, rather than mouse tissues. The colony-forming ability of the basal cells was more radiosensitive than the luminal progenitor cells. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence showed more efficient cell cycle arrest, γ-H2AX responses, and apoptosis in the irradiated luminal progenitor cells, than in the basal cells. These results provide important insights into the early phase of radiation-induced breast cancer.
Understanding the factors influencing consumer willingness to accept the use of insects to feed poultry, cattle, pigs and fish in Brazil

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing consumer willingness to accept the use of insects to feed poultry, cattle, pigs, and fish. To reach this objective, we conducted an online survey with Brazilian consumers. 600 questionnaires were collected. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. In general, the use of insects to feed poultry, pigs and cattle was not widely accepted. A more widely acceptance was found for the use of insects to feed fish. The results of logistic regressions models show that positive attitudes are associated with a higher probability of accepting the use of insects to feed poultry, pigs, cattle, and fish. Perceived benefits were associated with a higher likelihood of accepting the use of insects to feed fish. However, perceived benefits were also associated with a lower likelihood of accepting the use of insects to feed poultry. Perceived challenges were associated with a higher likelihood of accepting the use of insects to feed poultry. However, perceived challenges were associated with a lower likelihood of accepting the use of insects to feed pigs.
The impact of financial stability between the linkages of awareness and environmental tax compliance

Environmental concern has been given serious attention after the government launched the cleanliness campaign in 1982. The main purpose of the campaign is to awaken citizen about the importance to preserve and conserve the environment due to fluctuation of environmental problem, particularly environmental pollution. Until now, our government had introduced some campaign through ‘green incentives’ to green practitioners. Newly, our government has allocated few million Ringgits to those states that practices and built ‘green’ in Budget 2019. However, the pollution statistics shows fluctuation in year 2015 and 2016 and seems the government programmes is not fully effective. Accordingly, this study attempts to investigate the impact of financial stability towards the linkage of environmental awareness and environmental tax compliance. This study only consists 384 tourists in East Coast Malaysia. Data collected using questionnaires. The results indicate a positive and significant difference between low and high financial stability. The results of this study make a contribution to existing literature in the area of environmental awareness and tax compliance. In addition, this research adds further evidence to the value of studying environmental tax.
Impact of Prior Work Experience on Entrepreneurial Intention and Theory of Planned Behaviour in the Context of Pakistan

The present study aims to investigate the impact of prior work experience influence the entrepreneurial intension in the context of Pakistan. Where 58% population lies in the age of 20-30 years, 45-45% people hold Bachelor and Master degree. 58% people have experience in private firms. Theory of planned behaviour and Kolb’s experiential learning theory examined in the study. The sample of 438 represents the population of Pakistan. Study used the PLS-SEM 3.2. 7, and the techniques used involves PLS algorithm, bootstrapping, scales used witnessed by using Fornell-Larcker validity and most sensitive techniques HTMT Ratio. The study constructed the four hypothesis in light of resents literature along with the theoretical support. Moreover, study founded the positive relationship between prior work experiences, with entrepreneurial intension. In addition, components of the theory of planned behaviour also played a significant role.
Simulation Tool to Study High Performance Avionic for Active Debris Removal Missions

This paper describes the development of a simulation tool that allows to perform trade-offs of avionic architectures for future Active Debris Removal (ADR) space missions. The main challenges of ADR missions lay in their ability to first detect and track a target, then perform proximity operation and capture. All these mission phases imply a variety of sensors which are mainly needed for the Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) of the spacecraft. First, sensors outputs need to be processed to retrieve position and attitude estimation of the target, then results are transmitted to the GNC algorithms for precise navigation. To obtain accurate target information, the algorithms require a high input data rate and multiple sensor sources. At the EPFL Space Center, we have developed a simulation tool to help design the highly demanding avionic of our ADR mission, CleanSpace One (CSO). The simulator supports analyses and “trade-offs” with respect to various hardware configurations. To reproduce realistic scenarios, the simulator has to consider requirements of the different mission phases since they vary in term of data processing, vision algorithm complexity and control loop speed. This newly developed tool has been used to investigate multiple hardware configurations with specific ADR requirements. Results obtained during these simulations offer a first set of consolidated requirements that will help the design of the highly demanding avionic needed for the mission.
Morphological and taxonomical novelties in the world’s smallest beetles, and the first Old World record of Nanosellini (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae)

Baranowskiella ehnstromi gen.n. and sp.n. of the featherwing beetle tribe Nanosellini (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae), the smallest beetles of all, is described from Sweden. This is the first record of the tribe from the Old World. The holomorphology of Baranowskiella is commented upon and analysed in relation to other nanoselline genera. Several characters previously not known or considered in ptilid or staphylinoid taxonomy are introduced, including the morphology of the elytral venter and metanotum. The surprising occurrence of mesocoxal mycangia and a venteroelytral‐metepimeral stridulatory mechanism in Nanosellini, unique among Ptiliidae and previously unknown in Staphylinoidea, is possibly correlated with adaptation to life in bracket fungus pores.
FilterNet: A Many-to-Many Deep Learning Architecture for Time Series Classification

In this paper, we present and benchmark FilterNet, a flexible deep learning architecture for time series classification tasks, such as activity recognition via multichannel sensor data. It adapts popular convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) motifs which have excelled in activity recognition benchmarks, implementing them in a many-to-many architecture to markedly improve frame-by-frame accuracy, event segmentation accuracy, model size, and computational efficiency. We propose several model variants, evaluate them alongside other published models using the Opportunity benchmark dataset, demonstrate the effect of model ensembling and of altering key parameters, and quantify the quality of the models’ segmentation of discrete events. We also offer recommendations for use and suggest potential model extensions. FilterNet advances the state of the art in all measured accuracy and speed metrics when applied to the benchmarked dataset, and it can be extensively customized for other applications.
Chemically or surgically induced thyroid dysfunction altered gut microbiota in rat models

Thyroid hormones are essential for the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolic processes. However, the relationship between thyroid function and host gut microbial communities is not properly understood. To determine whether and how gut microbiota is associated with thyroid function, metagenomics analysis of the bacterial population in fecal samples of rat models of hyperthyroidism (induced by levothyroxine) and hypothyroidism (induced by propylthiouracil or thyroidectomy) was conducted through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results revealed that all thyroid dysfunction models were definitely established and gut microbial composition varied according to different thyroid functional status. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus was significantly higher in the hyperthyroidism group (HE) vs both the normal and hypothyroidism groups (HO) while S24‐7 was significantly higher in the HO group. The population of Prevotellaceae and Prevotella were significantly lower in the HO group vs the normal. Firmicutes and Oscillospira were significantly higher in the SHO (surgery‐induced hypothyroidism) group, while Prevotellaceae and Prevotella showed lower abundance in the SHO group than the SHAM group. Present results suggest that thyroid functions may have the potential to influence the profile of gut microbiota and could be used as foundation to investigate interaction mechanism between thyroid and gut microbiome.
The Association of Energy and Macronutrient Intake at Dinner Versus Breakfast With Disease-Specific and All-Cause Mortality Among People With Diabetes: The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2014

OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the association of energy and macronutrient intake at dinner versus breakfast with disease-specific and all-cause mortality in people with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 4,699 people with diabetes who enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2014 were recruited for this study. Energy and macronutrient intake was measured by a 24-h dietary recall. The differences (Δ) in energy and macronutrient intake between dinner and breakfast (Δ = dinner − breakfast) were categorized into quintiles. Death information was obtained from the National Death Index until 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression models were developed to evaluate the survival relationship between Δ and diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Among the 4,699 participants, 913 deaths, including 269 deaths due to diabetes and 314 deaths due to CVD, were documented. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with participants in the lowest quintile of Δ in terms of total energy and protein, participants in the highest quintile were more likely to die due to diabetes (hazard ratio [HR]Δenergy 1.92, 99% CI 1.08–3.42; HRΔprotein 1.92, 99% CI 1.06–3.49) and CVD (HRΔenergy 1.69, 99% CI 1.02–2.80; HRΔprotein 1.96, 99% CI 1.14–3.39). The highest quintile of Δtotal fat was related to CVD mortality (HR 1.67, 99% CI 1.01–2.76). Isocalorically replacing 5% of total energy at dinner with breakfast was associated with 4% and 5% lower risk of diabetes (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.98) and CVD (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.97) mortality, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher intake of energy, total fat, and protein from dinner than breakfast was associated with greater diabetes, CVD, and all-cause mortality in people with diabetes.
International authorship and collaboration across bioRxiv preprints

As preprints become integrated into conventional avenues of scientific communication, it’s critical to understand who is included and who is not. However, little is known about which countries are participating or how they collaborate with each other. Here, we present an analysis of all 67,885 preprints posted on bioRxiv (through 2019) using the first comprehensive dataset of country-level preprint author affiliations. We find the plurality of preprints (39%) come from the United States, and that countries such as the U.S. and U.K. are overrepresented on bioRxiv relative to their overall scientific output, while countries including China, Russia, and Turkey show lower bioRxiv adoption. We describe a set of “contributor countries” including Uganda, Croatia and Thailand that appear almost exclusively as non-senior authors on international collaborations. Lastly, we find multiple journals that publish a disproportionate number of preprints from some countries, a dynamic that almost always benefits manuscripts from the U.S.
Income Inequality and Self-Reported Health Among Older Adults in Brazil

This study analyzes the association between income inequality and self-reported health (SRH) in older adults, and separately for the young-old and very-old groups, residing in each of the 27 Brazilian capitals. The sample consisted of 4,912 individuals aged 60 or older residing in Brazilian capitals in 2013. Bayesian multilevel models were applied to the whole sample and separately for individuals aged 60 to 79 (young-old), and 80 or more (very-old). Our results show significant associations between income inequality and SRH, even after controlling for individual and contextual factors. We found greater odds of poor SRH among older adults living in areas with medium (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–1.86) and high-income inequality (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 2.05–2.38). The negative association between income inequality and health, independently of the individual and contextual characteristics, suggests that living in unequal areas can have a detrimental effect on the health of older adults.
Introduced European rabbit as main prey of the native carnivore culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) in disturbed ecosystems of central Chile

This study describes food habits of the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) by scat analysis in two hills considered Priority Conservation Sites of the Mediterranean Region of central Chile, one of the most disturbed and modified ecosystems in the country. The results showed that foxes from both sites consume the introduced European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as primary prey and native small mammals as secondary prey. This is the first record of feeding habits of the culpeo fox in central Chile that reports a higher consumption of European rabbit over pooled native small mammals. The reason for this result, as well as the higher trophic niche breadth and trophic niche diversity found in culpeo fox populations from the less disturbed hill, might be due to anthropogenic impacts on the study sites. However, to validate this claim, further studies on prey availability and human impact are required. The culpeo fox can have an important role in controlling pests such as the European rabbit; therefore, a more extensive study of this issue can bring important information for the conservation and management of natural areas of central Chile that show high human impact. Este estudio describe los hábitos alimentarios del zorro culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) en dos cerros considerados “Sitios Prioritarios de Conservación” de la eco-región mediterránea de Chile central, el cual es una de las zonas más intervenidas y modificadas del país. Los resultados encontrados muestran que los zorros de ambos cerros consumen como presa primaria al conejo europeo (Oryctolagus cuniculus) y a los pequeños mamíferos nativos como presa secundaria. Este es el primer registro de la dieta del zorro culpeo en Chile central que reporta un mayor consumo de conejo europeo por sobre el consumo de pequeños mamíferos nativos en su conjunto. La razón de este resultado, además de la mayor amplitud y diversidad de nicho trófico encontrado en la población de zorro culpeo en el cerro menos intervenido, podría deberse al impacto antropogénico en los sitios de estudios. Sin embargo, para validar esta afirmación se necesitan estudios sobre disponibilidad de presas e impacto humano. El zorro culpeo puede tener un papel importante en el control de plagas como el conejo europeo, por lo cual se requiere un estudio más acabado de esta temática, lo cual puede brindar información importante para la conservación y manejo de áreas naturales de Chile central que presenten un alto impacto antropogénico.
Bone Disease in Nephropathic Cystinosis: Beyond Renal Osteodystrophy

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) display significant mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) that induce significant cardiovascular, growth and bone comorbidities. Nephropathic cystinosis is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by the lysosomal accumulation of cystine due to mutations in the CTNS gene encoding cystinosin, and leads to end-stage renal disease within the second decade. The cornerstone of management relies on cysteamine therapy to decrease lysosomal cystine accumulation in target organs. However, despite cysteamine therapy, patients display severe bone symptoms, and the concept of “cystinosis metabolic bone disease” is currently emerging. Even though its exact pathophysiology remains unclear, at least five distinct but complementary entities can explain bone impairment in addition to CKD-MBD: long-term consequences of renal Fanconi syndrome, malnutrition and copper deficiency, hormonal disturbances, myopathy, and intrinsic/iatrogenic bone defects. Direct effects of both CTNS mutation and cysteamine on osteoblasts and osteoclasts are described. Thus, the main objective of this manuscript is not only to provide a clinical update on bone disease in cystinosis, but also to summarize the current experimental evidence demonstrating a functional impairment of bone cells in this disease and to discuss new working hypotheses that deserve future research in the field.