Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fetomaternal Outcome in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane

This prospective observational study was carried out to study the fetomaternal outcome in women with preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Materials and methods: A total of 150 pregnant women between 24 and 36 weeks gestation with PROM were subjected to detailed history and examination. Each patient was followed till her delivery and fetomaternal outcome was recorded gestation-wise between 24 and 28 weeks (n = 15), 28 and 32 weeks (n = 30), 32 and 34 weeks (n = 90), and 34 and 36 weeks (n = 15). Result: The mean latency period from membrane rupture to delivery decreased from 15 days at 24 to 28 weeks, 11 days at 28 to 32 weeks to 4.4 days at 32 to 34 weeks to 2.1 days at 34 to 36 weeks. Majority of women delivered vaginally. The rate of spontaneous labor increased as the gestational age at admission increased, the difference between rate of spontaneous labor of 67% at 28 to 32 weeks and 86% at 34 to 36 weeks was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The indications for induction of labor were intrauterine fetal death, gross oligohydramnios, and clinical chorioamnionitis. The most common complication was clinical chorioamnionitis (6%) and postpartum sepsis (6%). The perinatal outcome was favorable in majority of cases and improved with the increase in gestational age at PROM. The overall perinatal mortality was 9.3%. Conclusion: Management of PPROM involves complete evaluation of risks and benefits of conservative management. Wherever possible, the treatment should be directed toward conserving the pregnancy with prophylactic use of antibiotics and steroids thereby reducing fetal-maternal morbidity and mortality. However, termination of pregnancy should be considered at the earliest suspicion of chorioamnionitis.
Cross-ethnic friendship self-efficacy: A new predictor of cross-ethnic friendships among children

Across two studies (NStudy 1 = 101; NStudy 2 = 262) conducted among children in the UK, we incorporate Bandura’s (1986) self-efficacy theory to intergroup contact literature and introduce the new construct of cross-ethnic friendship self-efficacy (CEFSE), the belief that one can successfully form and maintain high-quality cross-ethnic friendships. Study 1 examined whether sources of CEFSE beliefs (prior contact, indirect contact, social norms, and intergroup anxiety) predicted higher quality cross-ethnic friendships through CEFSE. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and extended it by including perceived parental cross-ethnic friendship quality as a further predictor. In both studies, sources of self-efficacy beliefs (except social norms) were related to CEFSE, which predicted higher quality cross-ethnic friendships. Study 2 demonstrated that parental cross-ethnic friendships had direct and indirect associations with children’s cross-ethnic friendships through sources of CEFSE and CEFSE beliefs. Findings are discussed in the light of self-efficacy and intergroup contact theories.
HIV/AIDS knowledge and practices of traditional health practitioners in Tutume sub district: Implications for collaboration in HIV/AIDs care in Botswana

Introduction Despite advocacy for collaboration by the World Health Organization , relationships between biomedicine health practitioners (BHPs) and traditional health practitioners ( THPs) are still often characterized by indifference, suspicion, and mutual rejection. Furthermore, the number of studies on the use of TM and HIV/AIDS and collaboration between THPs and BHPs have not increased significantly. The aim of the study was to determine HIV/AIDS knowledge and practice of THPs and their views on collaboration with BHPs. Methods A cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 39 THPs using semi structured interviews. THPs were drawn from communities in Tutume sub district in Botswana, using snowball sampling. Results The mean age of THPs was 58.2 years, the maj ority 25 (64.1%) were males, and almost half 18 (46.2%) had no education. THPS had very low HIV/AIDS knowledge and none had participated in collaboration workshops. However, they had positive attitudes towards BHPs, viewed them as colleagues they would share knowledge with, refer patients to, and were eager to learn biomedical skills. The results also showed that THPs had misconceptions and low knowledge on the causes and diagnosis of HIV but knew that antiretroviral therapy can treat HIV/AIDS. Conclusions THP’s willingness to learn biomedical skills and share knowledge on traditional healing with BHPs have positive implications for collaboration in the sub district. Collaboration will increase the HIV/AIDS knowledge and practices of THPs.
Questioning local ownership: Insights from donor-funded NGOs in Tajikistan

ABSTRACT Local ownership is one of the popular paradigms of Western development aid. It involves giving more effective control of the design and implementation of development aid to local actors in aid-receiving countries, including governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and local communities. This article contrasts the understanding of local ownership as a top-down process triggered by donors, with an alternative, bottom-up ownership, which emerges spontaneously on the ground. By looking at the case of a local NGO in post-Soviet Tajikistan, the article analyses practices which reveal how the NGO actively takes ownership of development aid through everyday work. This includes fundraising, structuring relations with other organizations competing for donor funding, selecting calls for proposals from NGOs and writing grant applications. Each of these activities involves negotiations of the goals and scope of development work, against parameters imposed by donors. By means of example, the article questions the application of the local ownership paradigm in development work.
Practical or theoretical persistence?: The investigation of (f)actors influencing students’ persistence at three levels

Higher educational dropout is a major education policy issue that can be influenced by several factors. In addition to the family background, it is necessary to mention the motivation for further education as an individual factor which has a complex effect. Another possible individual cause can be the attractiveness of the labor market. Due to the ratio of students dropping out of higher education in Hungary, it can be suspected that students’ intensive work contributes to weaker learning outcomes, resulting dropout finally. In this context, however, the decisive role of the different work values and working attitudes is also unquestionable. Other institutional factors such as the country of the institution or the type of financing of the training cannot be ignored as well. Accordingly, in our research, we investigated individual, institutional, and sociodemographic factors affecting persistence through the TESCEE 2015 (N = 2015) database. Factors influencing persistence were measured by linear regression analysis with the application of two-sample t-test to measure the between-group differences. Regarding socio-demographic factors, the father’s educational level showed a significant impact on a negative while the mother’s employment in a positive way, furthermore, gender presented a trend effect. Institutional factors by themselves are not remarkable; however, some individual factor can increase their impact. At the individual level, the significant effect of career office membership and work values could be detected. Our results can contribute to the recognition of the relationships behind the high ratio of dropout and the identification of factors that can promote persistence, which can support to reduce the dropout ratio at a national and international level.
THE STUDY OF ANAEMIA & ITS RELATED SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AMONGST PREGNANT WOMEN IN RURAL COMMUNITY OF UTTAR PRADESH

BACKGROUND: Anaemia in pregnant women is one of India's major public health problems and is a major factor responsible for low birth weight. One fifth of the maternal deaths occurred worldwide due to anemia. OBJECTIVES: To find out prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women and its association with socio demographic factors. Study Design: Cross sectional study. SETTING: The study was conducted in village Khera at RHTC, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Ghaziabad. MATERIAL & METHODS: The study was carried from Oct 2012 to June 2013. A total of 321 pregnant women with gestational period between 12 to 20 weeks were registered. Haemoglobin was estimated and peripheral smear examination was carried out. Statistical Analysis: Chi-Square test. RESULTS: A high prevalence of anaemia (79.75%) was observed in pregnant women. Majority of the primipara were moderately anaemic (58.38%) and were less than 20 years of age. 37% of multipara pregnant women were severely anaemic . Occurrence of anaemia in pregnancy was found to be inversely proportional to the socioeconomic class. Statistically significant association (P<0.05) were found amongst anaemic pregnant women with their age, parity and socioeconomic class.
A cross-sectional study on Internet addiction among Moroccan high school students, its prevalence and association with poor scholastic performance

ABSTRACT There is a growing interest in research on the potential effects of Internet addiction [IA] on students’ scholastic lives. Given that there is no research on this subject in Morocco, this cross-sectional study fills the gap by examining the prevalence of Internet Addiction among Moroccan high school students and its possible association with scholastic performance and other socio-demographic factors. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 305 students, consisting of sociodemographic questions and Young’s Internet Addiction Scale. Chi-square, Independent sample t-tests, and One-Way ANOVA tests were conducted. This quantitative study reveals that IA prevalence among Moroccan high school students is 15.80%. Poor academic performance, being female, having a computer and Internet access, spending excessive time online and having parents with low educational level have been found to be associated with severe Internet addiction. These findings suggest that more research should focus on risk factors associated with Internet addiction to formulate proper preventive measures.
Therapeutic Outcomes of Changing Lives and Changing Outcomes for Male and Female Justice Involved Persons with Mental Illness

Changing Lives and Changing Outcomes (CLCO) was developed to address the unique treatment needs of individuals with co-occurring mental illness and criminogenic risk. Previous evaluations of CLCO demonstrated effectiveness for male participants, but did not examine treatment effectiveness across participant sex. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine differences in treatment outcomes among male and female probationers receiving CLCO. Participants were assessed pre- and posttreatment. Results indicated positive treatment effects across both psychiatric and criminogenic domains, including psychiatric symptomology and global mental health functioning, medication adherence, attitudes toward mental illness recovery, and antisocial cognitions. Female participants demonstrated enhanced treatment responsiveness relative to males across several domains. This study underscores the effectiveness of the program in addressing both mental health and criminogenic needs in correctional populations, while highlighting the differential impact of the program across participant sex. Implications, future directions, and limitations of the present study are discussed.
Post-transplant metabolic syndrome(PTMS) after liver transplantation – review of the literature

Liver transplant provides a definitive therapeutic measure for patients with chronic and acute liver diseases. Apart from the improvement of overall health, an organ transplant entails several metabolic complications. They are multi-agent and depend, among others, on the function of organ being transplanted, adverse effects of immunosuppression being applied, organ complications induced by failure of the organ being transplanted, current treatment, concomitant diseases and consequences of the acute and chronic rejection processes. Improvements in surgical techniques, peritransplant intensive care, and immunosuppressive regimens have resulted in significant improvements in short-term survival. Focus has now shifted to address long-term outcomes of liver transplantation. Therefore, this paper presents the current review of literature referring to specificity of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its complications in patients after liver transplantation.
Mobile learning in Hong Kong teacher education: Pilot implementation and evaluation

To align with the international trend on using information and communications technology in education, the Hong Kong government has recently announced a policy to broadly implement e-learning in schools through a more pervasive use of mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets) and electronic textbooks to support classroom teaching and students’ self-regulated learning. However, many local schools and their teachers are not yet ready and confident enough (in terms of their teaching methods, strategies, and approaches) to adopt mobile devices in their classroom activities. The present chapter reports a few case studies showing how a team of teacher educators initiated a pioneer e-learning project to support the education sector, by offering relevant training to pre-service student-teachers and in-service teachers. The team designed, developed, and applied a number of innovative mobile learning activities in five different classes of undergraduate teacher education courses. A total of 364 undergraduate students completed a survey collecting information on their prior experiences, attitudes, and views on mobile learning, in order to evaluate their learning effectiveness in technology-enhanced lessons. To illustrate the educational implications of the present study, selected qualitative and quantitative findings will be presented together with some examples on the implementation of innovative mobile learning activities in some classes of teacher education courses.
“Average-Sized” Models Do Sell, But What About in East Asia? A Cross-Cultural Investigation of U.S. and Singaporean Women

In light of a growing consumer and media outcry against using unrealistically thin models in advertisements, global brands are featuring more inclusive model images in their campaigns, including using average-sized models. However, do consumers from different cultures have varying preferences for model size? To investigate the impact of using an average-sized model (versus a thin model) in apparel ads, we first conducted experiments in both an individualistic culture (i.e., United States) and a collectivistic culture in Asia (i.e., Singapore). Our findings demonstrate that U.S. women expressed increased purchase intentions upon seeing an average-sized model (versus a thin model). Their perceived user-imagery congruity (UIC) also mediates the link between model size and purchase intentions. However, Singaporean women did not differ in their responses upon seeing the ad with an average-sized model (versus a thin model). A further investigation among Singaporean women reveals that their societal view of thinness moderates the impact of model size on purchase intentions, with UIC as the underlying mechanism. Our findings offer theoretical and practical implications for cross-cultural advertising and advance the literature on Asian advertising.
An evaluation of the indirect cohort method to estimate the effectiveness of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

We examined the validity of the indirect cohort method as a rapid assessment tool to estimate pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine effectiveness (VE). Using evidence from published clinical trials, we reviewed the primary assumption about the appropriateness of the control group underpinning the indirect cohort method, which is that the risk of non-vaccine type invasive pneumococcal disease is equal for vaccinated and unvaccinated participants. We found an absence of evidence to support the non-differential risk assumption for non-vaccine type invasive pneumococcal disease occurring among clinical trial participants. In those instances where the design has been utilised, we also note that these typically rely on very small numbers of non-vaccine type invasive pneumococcal disease adding to the concerns as an unreliable comparator. We do not consider the indirect cohort method to be a valid tool for rapid assessment of pneumococcal polysaccharide VE.
INDONESIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE: FOCUS ON GENDER AND ACADEMIC LEVEL

Student attitudes toward science have been one of the longstanding topics in science education research. Even though Indonesia has a unique educational system in which cultural, religious, and cognitive aspects are incorporated in the science K-12 curriculum, a limited number of studies have explored Indonesian students’ attitudes towards science. This research aimed to examine students’ attitudes toward science and the interaction between academic grade level and gender in Indonesian primary and middle school. Thirty items from five components of the BRAINS instrument were administered to 1587 Indonesian students from fourth grade through ninth grade to measure their attitude toward science. Rasch analysis, two-way ANOVA, and structural equation modeling path analysis were used to answer the proposed research questions. The current research found that Indonesian students’ attitudes toward science were significantly affected by academic level, however, gender only affected three components of attitude (control belief, attitude toward the behavior, and intention). Female students showed a higher attitude toward science than male students in general. The trends in every component of the students’ attitudes decreased from primary school to middle school. The present research provides a deeper discussion by considering the socio-cultural and educational history of Indonesia. Keywords: academic level, gender, middle school, primary school, science attitude.
The public value of child-friendly space

The playground is a commonly advised means to integrate children into the public realm of “child-friendly cities”, yet research has tended not to examine it in relation to adjacent public space. This paper aims to understand the extent to which the playground – a socio-spatial phenomenon – facilitates children's integration into the public realm, enabling critical examination of the “child-friendly space” concept. ,An ethnographic study was carried out across three sites in Athens, Greece, where typical neighbourhood playgrounds replicate features common across the global north. Methods combined observation (167 h; morning, afternoon, evening), visual-mapping and 61 semi-structured interviews with 112 playground users (including adults and children from the playgrounds and surroundings). Rigorous qualitative thematic analysis, involving an iterative post-coding process, allowed identification of spatial patterns and emergent themes. ,Findings reveal perceptions surrounding the protective and age-specific aspects of child-friendly design, limit the playgrounds' public value. However, a paradox emerges whereby the playgrounds' adjacency to public spaces designed without child-friendly principles affords children's engagement with the public realm. ,Reconceptualisation of the “child-friendly playground” is proposed, embracing interdependence with the public realm – highly significant for child-friendly urban design theory and practice globally. Researchers are encouraged to compare findings in other geographical contexts. ,This original finding is enabled by the novel approach to studying the playground in relation to adjacent public realm. The study also offers the first empirical examination of child-friendly city principles – participation in social life and urban play – in a Greek context, addressing a geographical gap in literature on children's everyday spaces.
Context matters: political polarization on Twitter from a comparative perspective

This article explores the issue of political polarization on social media. It shows that the intensity of polarization on Twitter varies greatly from one country to another. The analysis is performed using network-analytic audience duplication approach and is based on the data about the followers of the political parties’ Twitter accounts in 16 democratic countries. Based on the topology of the audience duplication graphs, the political Twitterspheres of the countries are classified as perfectly integrated, integrated, mixed, polarized and perfectly polarized. Explorative analysis shows that polarization is the highest in two-party systems with plurality electoral rules and the lowest in multi-party systems with proportional voting. The findings help explain the discrepancies in the results of previous studies into polarization on social media. The results of the study indicate that extrapolation of the findings from single-case studies on the topic is impossible in most cases, suggesting that more comparative studies on the matter are necessary to better understand the subject and get generalizable results.
Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Different Settings of Learning Process in Developing Countries

Information and communication technology have changed the traditional learning approaches to modern and interactive environment. ICTs are the keys of the revolution in education. ICTs in this study were divided into five parts: theory and practice, infrastructure, techniques and methods, devices and tools and educational applications. Learning process were examined in three different levels which are: Secondary schools, undergraduate and postgraduate. This study included main objective which is: analysis the impact of ICT on learning process in different settings of learning in developing countries. Applications of ICT have been explained as part of this study. Quantitative method (surveys) was used in this study. Participants of this study were 144 students of high school (junior and senior levels), 155 students of undergraduate level and 137 of postgraduate were selected randomly. Data were analyzed by SPSS for different surveys. The results of this study were: ICT have positive and significant impact on learning process in high school. ICT factors have positive and significant impact on learning process in undergraduate and postgraduate level except devices and tools of ICT was negative in undergraduate level and insignificant in both levels. In addition to Techniques and methods of undergraduate level was positive but insignificant and infrastructure of higher education was insignificant as well. There is a positive relationship between using of ICT and learning process. Usage and benefits of using ICT applications is more effective in higher levels of education related to many factors such as: policies of learning, difference of abilities, capacity of absorption, specification of studies, extent of need and complexity.