Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Dynamical Structures of Convective Motions in a Rotating Fluid Annulus Subject to Internal Heating

Thermal and dynamical structures of the Convective motions in a rotating fluid annulus, heated internally by passing an a.c, current through the fluid, are studied experimentally. The effects of internal heating are seen in the following results. 1) The measurements of the rate of radial heat transport to the inner wall and the drift angular velocity of the vortex disturbances show that they depend on the rotation rate * in a similar way, with the minimum at a certain rotation rate *m. 2) The distributions of the zonal mean temperature show that, when *>*m, the region nearby the mean radius of the fluid layer becomes warmer than the inner and outer regions at the same height. 3) The mean zonal flow of the wave motion for *>*m, as well as the axisymmetric zonal flows, has the distribution of the vertical component of vorticity with negative values over a wide region at the top-surface. 4) The amplitudes of the temperature and pressure deviations increase with * and, near ,*m, the inclination of the axes of the temperature deviation from the vertical direction becomes least and the most active outward heat transport due to the vortex disturbances takes place. The analysis shows that the fundamental structures of the vortex disturbances developing in the internally heated system are the same as those of the baroclinic waves analyzed by Matsuwo et al. (1976, 1977) in the wall-heated system. Therefore, the indication by Hide and Mason (1970), namely, that the principal characteristics of the flow (in the rotating fluid annulus) are fairly insensitive to the radial dependence of heating and cooling, is supported from the view-point of structure analysis.
Journal Pre-proof Uncovering the mechanisms of transcription elongation by eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II, and III

Eukaryotes express three nuclear RNA polymerases (Pols I, II, and III) that are essential for cell survival. Despite extensive investigation of the three Pols, significant knowledge gaps regarding their biochemical properties remain because each Pol has been evaluated independently under disparate experimental conditions and methodologies. To advance our understanding of the Pols, we employed identical in vitro transcription assays for direct comparison of their elongation rates, elongation complex (EC) stabilities, and fidelities. Pol I is the fastest, most likely to misincorporate, forms the least stable EC, and is most sensitive to alterations in reaction buffers. Pol II is the slowest of the Pols, forms the most stable EC, and negligibly misincorporated an incorrect nucleotide. The enzymatic properties of Pol III were intermediate between Pols I and II in all assays examined. These results reveal unique enzymatic characteristics of the Pols that provide new insights into their evolutionary divergence.
Beating the Employment Challenges: How Unemployed Youths Generate Income for their Households

Youth unemployment remains a global threat to the achievement of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. It impedes the fight to end poverty in all its forms, limits opportunities to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, and undermines a country’s ability to reduce inequalities. In Sub-Saharan African nations, the unemployment rate is particularly high because the environment is prone to volatility caused by poor governance, chronic conflicts, and corruption. Unemployed graduates who lack effective strategies risk failing to generate income for themselves and their families. Thus, my purpose in this qualitative multiple case study, which was grounded in achievement motivation theory, was to explore the strategies unemployed youths use to generate income for their households. Four unemployed South Sudanese graduates were interviewed and directly observed, and the gathered data were thematically analyzed. Three themes emerged: exploitation of available opportunities including taking on casual work, working for others to get starting capital, and engaging in trade and microbusiness. A key recommendation was developed: i.e., provide training programs to help unemployed graduates change their mindsets, which value white-collar jobs over casual work, trade, and microbusiness; they can then embark on the identification and exploitation of available opportunities that can create anything of economic value. The implications for positive social change include evidence that unemployed graduates are adopting appropriate strategies to improve their household income. The findings also have the potential to help youth empowerment institutions address the gaps in strategies for directing youths to generate income.
Comparative Evaluation and Correlation of Neurologic Symptoms, Otologic Symptoms and Proximity of TMJ Disk with Condyle in Class II (Vertical) Mild, Moderate and Severe TMD Cases as Compared to Non-TMD Cases

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorder is a collective term used to describe a a number of related disorders affecting t he T MJ, m uscles of mastication and associated structures all of which have common symptoms like temporomandibular disorders in literature are related to malocclusion teeth and orthodontic treatment. In literature the role of “Neurologic” and “Otologic” symptoms have been researched in isolations. There is a need to co-relate these findings with the severity of temporomandibular disorders in patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To evaluate and compare Neurologic symptoms, Otologic symptoms and its correlation with the proximity of TMJ disk and condyle in mild, moderate and severe Class II(vertical)TMD cases. Methodology: Grading of TMD using Helkimo and Craniomandibular index and evaluation of Neurologic and Otologic symptoms by separate questionnaires and its correlation with the proximity of TMJ disk and condyle using MRI. Expected results: Degree of association of Neurologic and Otologic symptoms with TMD. Conclusion: Temporomandibular disorders can be diagnosed by assessing the extra-craniofacial symptoms like Neurologic and Otologic symptoms and may help in early diagnosis and evaluating the potential risk factors for developing temporomandibular disorders. Hence a study is planned in the department.
Isolation of Distinct Lactobacillaceae spp. with Functional Characteristics from Traditional Sourdough Samples

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were isolated from traditional sourdough samples, and functional properties of selected LAB species were determined. Five distinct strains Limosilactobacillus fermentum LR1, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR2, Levilactobacillus senmaizukei CE37, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CE48 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri KD44A were identified following the genotypic discrimination of hundred isolates. Presence of bacteriocin genes in identified species was determined by PCR, and sourdough isolates have been shown to carry bacteriocin genes although they vary according to species. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production tests showed that the amount of EPS production varies in different media and different incubation conditions. Antimicrobial effects of 5 different LAB species were determined against Bacillus cereus BC 6830, which cause rop problems, and other pathogen species and also molds isolated from bread. Amylolytic activities of isolates, which are important in terms of technological roles, were determined genotypically and phenotypically. Finally, the phytase and phosphatase activities of these species were studied. This study was aimed to unveil the functional sourdough LAB species to be used for industrial purposes.
Code, quality, and process metrics in graduated and retired ASFI projects

Recent work on open source sustainability shows that successful trajectories of projects in the Apache Software Foundation Incubator (ASFI) can be predicted early on, using a set of socio-technical measures. Because OSS projects are socio-technical systems centered around code artifacts, we hypothesize that sustainable projects may exhibit different code and process patterns than unsustainable ones, and that those patterns can grow more apparent as projects evolve over time. Here we studied the code and coding processes of over 200 ASFI projects, and found that ASFI graduated projects have different patterns of code quality and complexity than retired ones. Likewise for the coding processes – e.g., feature commits or bug-fixing commits are correlated with project graduation success. We find that minor contributors and major contributors (who contribute <5%, respectively >=95% commits) associate with graduation outcomes, implying that having also developers who contribute fewer commits are important for a project’s success. This study provides evidence that OSS projects, especially nascent ones, can benefit from introspection and instrumentation using multidimensional modeling of the whole system, including code, processes, and code quality measures, and how they are interconnected over time.
Cross-zone and extreme-aware mobility learning of crowd interactions with built environments

We propose an Adaptive Crowd mobility analytics system based on Cross-zone Interactive learning (ACroCI) to capture, interpret, and forecast how the mobility of human crowds interacts with built or man-made environments (e.g., building functions, event occurrences, and changes in the crowd sensing infrastructures). We have conducted a large-scale real-world case study of ACroCI by leveraging the collective and anonymized association data harvested from the campus Wi-Fi access points (APs), to understand how the interactions affect the forecast of crowdflows. We have analyzed the large-scale Wi-Fi association data and derived adaptive learning and data-driven designs on important crowd mobility features like multi-level co-flows and local-global cross-zone interactions. ACroCI accounts for these interactive features and adaptively learns the multi-scale crowd distributions with a novel capsule neural network augmented by interactive attention routing, and accurately predicts the arrivals at, and departures from, each AP. Strengthened by multi-task extreme-aware learning and efficient data imputation, ACroCI further adapts to extremeflows when the crowds interact with events, and initializes its model for altered APs. Our extensive experimental evaluations with >4.8 × 107 association data from two large universities have corroborated the accuracy, adaptivity, robustness, and effectiveness of ACroCI in forecasting the crowd interactions with the man-made environments (in terms of crowd flows), achieving a >20% accuracy improvement over the other state-of-the-arts.
IMPACT OF USING POLLEN SUBSTITUTES ON PERFORMANCE OF HONEY BEE ( COLONIES UNDER HARSH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

ollen grains are the main source of protein for honey bees. In Central region of Saudi Arabia, the lack of this natural diet during dry seasons in summer is a primary concern for beekeeping industry. Effect of using alternative protein feeding on performance, feed consumption, brood rearing activity and storing bee bread of honey bee colonies was tested during late summer under Riyadh region condition. Soybean flour, mesquite pods flour, date paste, corn gluten and Feedbee ® diets were the main tested material in the present study. Preference was determined by using multiple choice tests (MCT). The obtained results revealed that honey bees preferred firstly the commercial product Feedbee ® , followed by date paste and mesquite diets. Also, the highest consumption was recorded in honey bee colonies fed Feedbee ® and was equal to approximately 1.2, 1.3 and 1.8 fold of amounts consumed from date paste, mesquite and corn gluten diets, respectively. Effect of tested diets on brood rearing activity of honey bee colonies during two successive years was studied. Results showed that the superior response had been obtained using Feedbee ® followed by mesquite and date paste diets. Due to the fact that Feedbee ® is expensive and not available in the local markets of Saudi Arabia, beekeepers are advised to use mesquite pods flour and date paste as pollen substitute in the dearth periods to enhanced brood rearing of honey bee colonies during late summer.
Private mechanisms for nonlinear correlations and independence testing with energy statistics

We introduce a differentially private method to measure nonlinear correlations (as point estimates) between sensitive data hosted across two entities. We then build up on this method to introduce π - test , a privacy-preserving hypothesis test of statistical independence between data distributed across two parties. We consider a one way communication paradigm where an intermediate computation is privatized and released by only one party. The other party that receives this communication, performs further computations over it to obtain the final estimate (or output of test). We provide utility bounds of our private point estimator of nonlinear correlation. Our method is based on the connections between the Johnson-Lindenstrauss transform and differential privacy to release statistics of distances, graph Laplacians and directional variances. We therefore exploit random projections in different forms to provide privacy mechanisms and in their analysis. The important measure of nonlinear correlation that we privatize is that of distance correlation . π - test relies on a private estimate for the mean of pairwise distances in addition to the private distance correlation estimate. We establish both additive and multiplicative error bounds on the utility of our differentially private test-statistic used for independence testing. We believe this work will find applications in a variety of distributed hypothesis testing settings involving sensitive data.
A BC Fractional Derivative for Varicella-Zoster Virus Using Two-Scale Fractal Dimension Approach with Vaccination

Chickenpox or varicella is an infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus ð V ZV Þ . This virus is the cause of chickenpox (usually a primary infection in the nonimmune host) and herpes zoster. In this paper, a compartmental model for the dynamics of V Z transmission with the e ﬀ ect of vaccination is solved using the ABC fractional derivative. The possibility of using the fractal dimension as a biomarker to identify di ﬀ erent diseases is being investigated. The problem is investigated in two di ﬀ erent levels of research using two scale dimensions. To ascertain the existence and uniqueness of the solution, we qualitatively evaluate the model. We have used the Euler method to compute the numerical solution for the system. At the end, we provide the graphical results showing the e ﬀ ectiveness of two-scale dimension and fractional calculus in the current model.
Special Section on The Opioid Crisis Pharmacological Assessment of Sepiapterin Reductase Inhibition on Tactile Response in the Rat s

There is an unmet medical need for nonopioid pain therapies in human populations; several pathways are under investigation for possible therapeutic intervention. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) has received attention recently as a mediator of neuropathic pain. Recent reports have implicated sepiapterin reductase (SPR) in this pain pathway as a regulator of BH4 production. To evaluate theroleofSPRinhibitiononBH4reduction,wedevelopedanalyticalmethodstomonitortherelationshipbetweentheplasmaconcen-trationoftestarticleandendogenouspterinsandappliedtheseintheratspinalnerveligationpainmodel.Sepiapterinisanendog-enoussubstrate,whichaccumulatesuponinhibitionofSPR.InresponsetoapotentinhibitorofSPR,plasmaconcentrationsofsepiapterinincreasedproportionallywithexposure.An indirect-effect pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was developed to describe the relationship between the plasma pharmacokinetics of test article and plasma sepiapterin levels in the rat, which was used to determine an in vivo SPR IC 50 value. SPR inhibition and mechanical allodynia were assessed coordi- nately with pterin biomarkers in plasma and at the site of neuronal injury (i.e., dorsal root ganglion). Upon daily oral administration for 3 consecutive days, unbound plasma concentrations of test article exceeded the unbound in vivo rat SPR IC 90 throughout the dose intervals, leading to a 60% reduction in BH4 in the dorsal root ganglion. Despite evidence for pharmacological modulation of the BH4 pathway, there was no significant effect on the tactile paw withdrawal threshold relative to vehicle-treated controls. The PK/PD model and best-fit parameters to the 5-, 15-, and 45-mg/kg data sets were used to project the plasma concentrations of Q-1195 and SEP following the 60-mg/kg p.o. dose administered during the open-field activity and spinal nerve ligation (SNL) studies (described later).
Access Denied: Assessing Physical Risks to Internet Access Networks

Regional access networks play an essential role in connecting both wireline and mobile users to the Internet. Today’s access networks support 5G cellular phones, cloud services, hospital and financial services, and remote work essential to the modern economy. Yet long-standing economic and architectural constraints produce points of limited redundancy that leave these networks exposed to targeted physical attacks resulting in widespread outages. This risk was dramatically shown in December 2020, when a bomb destroyed part of AT&T’s regional access network in Nashville, Tennessee disabling 911 emergency dispatch, air traffic control, hospital networks, and credit card processing, among other services. We combine new techniques for analyzing access-network infrastructure deployments with measurements of large-scale outages to demonstrate the feasibility and quantify potential impacts of targeted attacks. Our study yields insights into physical attack surfaces and resiliency limits of regional access networks. We analyze potential approaches to mitigate the risks we identify and discuss drawbacks identified by network operators. We hope that our empirical evaluation will inform risk assessments and operational practices, as well as motivate further analyses of this critical infrastructure.
Functional Commitments for Circuits from Falsifiable Assumptions

A functional commitment (FC) scheme allows one to commit to a vector x and later produce a short opening proof of ( f, f ( x )) for any admissible function f . The security of FC schemes, called evaluation binding, ensures that it is hard to open the commitment to the same function f and diﬀerent outputs y (cid:54) = y (cid:48) . Unlike succinct non-interactive arguments (SNARG) which provide a stronger soundness guarantee but typically require non-falsiﬁable assumptions, the evaluation binding of FC schemes can often be based on falsiﬁable assumptions and is suﬃcient for certain applications such as constructing homomorphic signatures (HS). Since their inception, FC schemes supporting ever more expressive classes of functions have been proposed, with the state-of-the-art supporting low-degree polynomial maps. In this work we construct the ﬁrst FC schemes for circuits, based on either pairing-based or lattice-based falsiﬁable assumptions. Our FCs require to ﬁx a-priori only the maximal width of the circuit to be evaluated, and have opening proofs whose size only depends on the depth of the circuit. We obtain our results in two steps. First, we introduce a new tool which we call chainable functional commitment (CFC), and show that CFCs for quadratic polynomial maps generically imply an FC for bounded-width circuits. Then, we show how to eﬃciently instantiate CFCs for quadratic polynomial maps over either pairing groups or lattices. Using a recent transformation from FC to HS, we obtain the ﬁrst pairing-and lattice-based constructions of HS for bounded-width, but unbounded-depth, circuits. Prior to this work, the only HS for general circuits is lattice-based and requires bounding the circuit depth at setup time.
The mechanism of pulsating aurora

Des mesures recentes ont montre que les aurores pulsantes sont probablement provoquees par des modulations de faisceaux d'electrons precipites. Ces modulations pourraient etre d'une consequence d'une interaction avec des ondes EBF modulees a la meme frequence. On suggere que cette interaction soit une interaction coherente avec creation de chœurs EBF
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS PAIRS FROM THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY. II. EVIDENCE FOR TIDALLY ENHANCED STAR FORMATION AND BLACK HOLE ACCRETION

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are occasionally seen in pairs, suggesting that tidal encounters are responsible for the accretion of material by both central supermassive black holes (BHs). In Paper I of this series, we selected a sample of AGN pairs with projected separations rp < 100 h−170 kpc and velocity offsets <600 km s−1 from the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and quantified their frequency. In this paper, we address the BH accretion and recent star formation properties in their host galaxies. AGN pairs experience stronger BH accretion, as measured by their [O iii] λ5007 luminosities (corrected for contribution from star formation) and Eddington ratios, than do control samples of single AGNs matched in redshift and host-galaxy stellar mass. Their host galaxies have stronger post-starburst activity and younger mean stellar ages, as indicated by stronger Hδ absorption and smaller 4000 Å break in their spectra. The BH accretion and recent star formation in the host galaxies both increase with decreasing projected separation in AGN pairs, for rp ≲ 10–30 h−170 kpc. The intensity of BH accretion, the post-starburst strength, and the mean stellar ages are correlated between the two AGNs in a pair. The luminosities and Eddington ratios of AGN pairs are correlated with recent star formation in their host galaxies, with a scaling relation consistent with that observed in single AGNs. Our results suggest that galaxy tidal interactions enhance both BH accretion and host-galaxy star formation in close AGN pairs, even though the majority of low-redshift AGNs are not coincident with on-going interactions.
Generalized Gap Metrics and Robust Stability of Nonlinear Systems

A gap metric of Georgiou and Smith (IEEE Trans. Auto. Control, 42(9):1200--1229, 1997), which does not need causal and surjective mapping between graphs to define, is studied and generalized based on the notion of biased norm, the corresponding robust stability theorem is presented in the notion of stability with bias terms. The obtained results are then applied to studied the stability of linear system realizations, semilinear systems with bounded nonlinearities and a nonlinear system with time delay in the inputs.
JUSPI (JUR NAL SEJAR AH PER ADABAN ISL AM)

Andalusia is one of the most magnificent centers of Islamic civilization. Its beauty is said to be able to match the beauty of Baghdad and Constantinople. This makes Andalusia as one of the centers of world civilization. Physical and architectural development in Andalusia advanced and developed during the leadership of Abdurrahman AnNashir (912-961M). This is because apart from being proficient in politics, Abdurrahman III is also known to be proficient in the field of development planning. This study aims to explore further the role of Abdurrahman AnNashir in advancing architecture in Andalusia, as well as the impact of these advances in various fields. Some of An-Nashir's efforts in advancing Andalusian architecture were urban planning, building mosques, building palaces, and establishing universities and libraries. This policy has positive impacts in various fields, including advancing the education sector, improving the economy, maintaining government stability, and contributing to the legacy of