Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economic and social values in the brain: evidence from lesions to the human ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Making good economic and social decisions is essential for individual and social welfare. Decades of research have provided compelling evidence that damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is associated with dramatic personality changes and impairments in economic and social decision-making. However, whether the vmPFC subserves a unified mechanism in the social and non-social domains remains unclear. When choosing between economic options, the vmPFC is thought to guide decision by encoding value signals that reflect the motivational relevance of the options on a common scale. A recent framework, the “extended common neural currency” hypothesis, suggests that the vmPFC may also assign values to social factors and principles, thereby guiding social decision-making. Although neural value signals have been observed in the vmPFC in both social and non-social studies, it is yet to be determined whether they have a causal influence on behavior or merely correlate with decision-making. In this review, we assess whether lesion studies of patients with vmPFC damage offer evidence for such a causal role of the vmPFC in shaping economic and social behavior.
Looking at the Local Participation of Coastal Communities in South Java, Indonesia

This study aims to describe the issues and problems of community participation related to the empowerment program entitled PKPT (Development of Strong Coastal Area) in the coastal areas. This study also discusses the importance of creating a participatory development model. This study is essential because PKPT implementation is specific, combining the top-down participation mechanism from the central government with the bottom-up mechanism, namely the northern coastal communities in South Java. The combination of the two mechanisms illustrates the complexity of issues and problems that are not simple because they involve the interests of the central government and the interests of ordinary citizens in coastal areas. Moreover, the focus of this study has yet to be widely studied by previous studies. This study uses a qualitative method applying an action research approach. The informants of the research are organizers of the coastal community, heads of village and village officials, and personnel of the Marine and Fisheries Service of Kebumen Regency in South Java. The result shows that implementing the PKPT program in coastal areas of Java, especially in Kebumen, uses both top-down and bottom-up mechanisms resulting in low participation of the community in the implementation of PKPT substantively. Thus, implicating the lack of sustainability in the empowerment program. This study presents a participatory development model that is expected to be a reference in organizing a sustainable empowerment program for the coastal areas in the future.
Influence of Asian emissions on the composition of air reaching the north western United States

A global 3‐D CTM has been used to study the impact of current and future emissions from Asia on CO, PAN and O3 across the North Pacific. Recent measurements from Washington State have been used to verify the model results with respect to average concentrations as well as amplitude of perturbations during episodic events of strong Asian influence. By performing CTM experiments with and without anthropogenic emissions from Asia, we find that there is a significant contribution from Asian sources in the air arriving to the North Western United States, especially during spring. The mean contribution, which can not easily be inferred from the available measurements, during spring are 34 ppbv, 26 pptv and 4 ppbv for CO, PAN and O3, respectively. The maximum enhancements caused by Asian sources during episodes are 42 ppbv, 75 pptv, and 7.5 ppbv, respectively. The amplitude of the perturbations during short term (2–5 days) episodes of strong Asian influence are quite similar to springtime Asian pollution events which have recently been observed on the west coast of Washington state. A doubling of the current Asian emissions in the model yields significant enhancements in all species, though not necessarily in a linear manner.
Towards sustainable cities in China ? Two industrial parks in the Yangzi delta

China has experienced three decades of double digit economic growth. This is not a specific phenomenon in economic history if we consider the r hythm of growth, as previously Japan and other “Asian Tigers” have undergone a dramatic take off ( Pairault, 2008). It is unique, however, in terms of numbers as never before has a country of more than 1 billion people been engaged in such a transformation for such a long time. The country ha s dramatically changed, for the better (improvement of standard of living) and for the worse (growing i equalities, destruction of the environment). This is visible in the large metropolises of the east coast (Logan, 2002; Sanjuan, 2009; Lorrain, 2011) as wel l as in central provinces. It is clear, since the early 2000s, that the environment is becoming a growing a nd quite sensitive issue that is an increasing concern for civil society (Economy, 2004; Ho and Vermeer, 2006; Obringer, 2007; Wu Fengshi, 2009) . This dark side of economic success is now a centr al theme of public policies and a global collective preoccupat ion with a growing use of epithets added to the wor ds "economy" or "cities": sustainable, green, low carb on, smart, sober, safer. Is this change in public p oli y rhetoric a sign of a real transformation? If so, wh at is changing? Or is this simply a clever repositi n ng to adapt to the latest concerns of international in stitutions?
Physical Environment and Food Safety on Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction at Fast Food Restaurant “X” in North Jakarta

The market potential for fast food restaurants in Indonesia is large. Fast food restaurant “X” in North Jakarta which is one of the fast food restaurants in Indonesia has four competitors that becomes a challenge. Therefore, this fast food restaurant can build good relationships with customers, so customer loyalty can be achieved. Customer loyalty can be influenced by physical environment and food safety through customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer loyalty can be influenced by customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction can be influenced by physical environment and food safety. Thus, this research aims to test the influence of physical environment and food safety on customer satisfaction; test the influence of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty; and examine the role of customer satisfaction in mediating the influence of physical environment and food safety on customer loyalty. The study population is customers from fast food restaurant “X” in North Jakarta. 140 people as the research respondents were examined. The sampling method used is non-probability with purposive sampling technique. The research instruments used are questionnaires via Google Form. The data analysis technique used is SEM using SmartPLS software. The results are physical environment and food safety have positive influence on customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction has positive influence on customer loyalty, and physical environment and food safety have positive influence on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. Hence, fast food restaurant “X” in North Jakarta must pay attention to the physical environment and food safety because these can increase customer satisfaction and ultimately maintain customer loyalty.
Numerical Analysis on The Effects of Stagger, Thickness, and Curvature on The Propulsion of Tandem Airfoil

The study of the aerodynamics of flapping airfoils is crucial to understand the flight of natural flyers and its potential applications in developing micro air vehicles and wind/water turbine blades. There has been much research on the aerodynamics of flapping wings recently, but there is only a little research relating to the tandem airfoil. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of the tandem airfoil at Re = 100000, typical of insect flight. The tandem airfoil is plunging and pitching harmonically. This study numerically analyzes the effects of stagger, thickness, and curvature on tandem airfoil propulsion. The effects of stagger are studied using NACA 0012, while the effects of thickness are analyzed on NACA 0012, 0015, 0020 and 0030. The simulations to study the effects of curvature are conducted using NACA 0030. The optimum distance of the stagger is X/c = 2.5, but the propulsive efficiency of tandem NACA 0012 is still smaller than two single NACA 0012 airfoils. For the most optimum thickness at 30% of the chord length, the propulsive efficiency of tandem NACA 0030 is higher than two single NACA 0030 airfoils. Meanwhile, the most optimum curvature is 0% because the increase in curvature of the airfoil reduces propulsive efficiency.
Evaluation of Effects of Soil pH Levels and Organic Matter Contents on Phytoaccumulation of Lead and Cadmium Heavy Metals by Imperata Cylindrica

Heavy metal contamination of soil pose risks and hazards to humans and the ecosystem through. Imperata cylindrica is a fast growing plant and often used for phytoremediation. The plant was tested in different growth media of spiked heavy metal, soil pH and organic matter contents for 60-day. After harvesting, the plant was washed, separated into roots and shoots. The soil samples were digested using 1.0g portion of dried the soil ,10.0cm3 of 1:1 HNO3: H2O, 5.0cm3 of HNO3, 1.0cm3 of H2O2, and 5.0cm3 of HCl while the plant samples were digested using 0.50g of the powdered sample, 5cm3 of HNO3 and 2cm3 HClO4. Prior to digestion, each sample were oven-dried at 70°C until it achieved a constant weight, grounded (using mortar and pestle) and milled (using a milling machine). Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to analyze the accumulation of cadmium, and lead in roots and shoot of the plant. Bioaccumulation factor (BF), biological accumulation coefficient (EC) and translocation factor (TF) was applied to evaluate the metal translocation ability in the plant. Between soil pH and soil organic matter, the highest total biomass of Cd was found in 300g of organic matter treatment (13.48 ± 2.69 mg/kg), while Pb in basic treatment was 18.09 ± 0.66 mg/kg. The result suggests that soil pH has most effect on Pb; while organic matter in Cd in the phytoaccumulation by Imperata cylindrica. The growth of phytoremediation plants like Imperata cylindrica should be encourage to neutralize the heavy metals pollution.
The impact of fatigue on static balance in people with chronic ankle instability.

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess static postural stability under fatigue in subjects with chronic ankle instability - "copers" in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS We conducted a prospective study on a group of 60 young, physically active subjects, divided into 3 groups: I - 14 subjects with unilateral ankle instability, II - 15 subjects with bilateral ankle instability, III - 31 healthy subjects, without ankle instability. The fatigue trial was based on modified Short-Term Fatigue Protocol. Static stabilography was performed with the use of HUR platform. RESULTS showed an increase in the value of COP trace length after fatigue test in study population I. The level of COP trace length Z before fatigue was significantly lower than after fatigue. Subjects from study population I had higher levels of COP trace length Z in comparison with the control group. The main effect for the group also proved to be significant. Study population I had higher levels of COP trace length Z in comparison with the control group. For the measurement after fatigue, there was significant difference only between the study population I and the control group. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of structural ankle instability was not correlated with functional instability. Subjects with ankle instability, or "copers", had good functional levels, enabling them to perform sports activities. "Copers" had weakened proprioception in static stabilography tests. Short and intense fatigue protocol weakened the ability to maintain balance in static stabilography test with eyes closed.
Impacts of climate change on headstream runoff in the Tarim River Basin

The impacts of climate change on annual runoff were analyzed using hydrologic and meteorological data collected by 8 meteorological stations and 15 hydrological stations in the headstream of the Tarim River Watershed from 1957 to 2005. The long-term trend of climate change and hydrological variations were determined by parametric and non-parametric tests. The results show that the increasing scale of precipitation is less than the scale of rising temperature. The change and response of hydrological process have their own spatial characteristics in the tributaries of a headstream. Precipitation and temperature do not increase simultaneously in the hydro- and meteo-stations located in the headstream. The temperature and runoff displayed certain relations, and a relationship also existed between precipitation and runoff. The annual runoff of the Aksu and Kaidu rivers was consistent with an increasing trend in temperature and precipitation during the past 50 years; temperature increases have a greater effect on annual runoff. These results suggest that with the increase of temperature in the Tarim River Watershed, the glacier in the headstreams would melt gradually which results in runoff increase in several headstreams. However, glacier meltwater would be exhausted due to continual glacier shrinkage, and the increased trend of runoff in the headstreams would also slow or lessen. Thus, regional water resources shortage problems are still serious and have become a major feature in the Tarim River Watershed.
Impact of Aquarius sea surface salinity observations on coupled forecasts for the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean

This study demonstrates the impact of gridded in situ and Aquarius sea surface salinity (SSS) on coupled forecasts for August 2011 until February 2014. Assimilation of all available subsurface temperature (ASSIM_Tz) is chosen as the baseline and an optimal interpolation of all in situ salinity (ASSIM_Tz_SSSIS) and Aquarius SSS (ASSIM_Tz_SSSAQ) are added in separate assimilation experiments. These three are then used to initialize coupled experiments. Including SSS generally improves NINO3 sea surface temperature anomaly validation. For ASSIM_Tz_SSSIS, correlation is improved after 7 months, but the root mean square error is degraded with respect to ASSIM_Tz after 5 months. On the other hand, assimilating Aquarius gives significant improvement versus ASSIM_Tz for all forecast lead times after 5 months. Analysis of the initialization differences with the baseline indicates that SSS assimilation results in an upwelling Rossby wave near the dateline. In the coupled model, this upwelling signal reflects at the western boundary eventually cooling the NINO3 region. For this period, coupled models tend to erroneously predict NINO3 warming, so SSS assimilation corrects this defect. Aquarius is more efficient at cooling the NINO3 region since it is relatively more salty in the eastern Pacific than in situ SSS which leads to increased mixing and upwelling which in turn sets up enhanced west-to-east SST gradient and intensified Bjerknes coupling. A final experiment that uses subsampled Aquarius at in situ locations infers that high-density spatial sampling of Aquarius is the reason for the superior performance of Aquarius versus in situ SSS.
Dynamics of montane forest in central Africa during the late Holocene: a pollen-based record from western Uganda

According to the results from a number of palaeoecology-based studies, montane forest appears to have been present across a broad range of altitudes in western Uganda throughout much of the Holocene (before increased levels of human impact over the past 2000 years or so resulted in extensive clearance). Critically for pollen-based studies of vegetation history, clearance has limited investigations into the late-Holocene history of montane forest, and thus the impact of small amplitude, sub-Milankovich variations in climate and low levels of human activity. Mubwindi Swamp in the Rukiga Highlands of southwest Uganda is today surrounded by dense stands of moist lower montane forest. The uppermost 5 m of organic-rich deposits from Mubwindi Swamp are dated to the last 2100 years, and thus provide an opportunity, so far unique for Uganda, to record variations in the composition of lower montane forest during the late Holocene. Results of analyses of pollen indicate that lower montane forest has been present in the catchment for Mubwindi Swamp throughout the last 2100 years. A transition to a more open, and possibly drier, form of forest is apparent from around 710 BP. It seems likely that this transition was at least partly driven by climate. There is an increased occurrence of pollen from plants presently associated with areas of degraded forest from around 200 BP and a decrease in pollen from important sources of timber. These changes could be interpreted as representing slightly increased humidity. However, in view of the nature of these changes, a low level of human impact was probably the most important causal factor. The gazetting of Bwindi-Impenetrable Forest as a Forest Reserve in the early 1930s may have facilitated a recovery of timber trees during the present century.
International Students’ Experience and Perception towards UTM Campus Management on COVID-19

In response to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, many scholars have studied on pedagogies, methods of effective online learning and the well-being of educators and students. However, very few works have specifically focused on non-local students of a particular institution, given that they were already distanced from their home country. This paper takes interest in the mentioned scope, within the period of Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia. The objectives are, to explore international students’ perceptio n on COVID-19 management by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), their experience of online learning during the MCO, and the correlation between the two with students’ satisfaction in overall learning experience. The study adopts mixed method of qualitative and quantitative analysis. A set of questionnaires were distributed to 150 international students of UTM. The questions encompass students’ satisfactory towards online learning experience, university’s response when assistance is required, and students’ personal well-being during the MCO. The results were analyzed by using SPSS, where the percentage of overall international students’ perception is 64.03%, which categorizes as ‘very good’ in relative to the test value. The percentage for experience of the international students during MCO is 69.59% which also categorizes as ‘very good’. The two mentioned variables show a strongly positive correlation with the satisfaction of the students in overall learning experience, which was obtained by the statistic method of bivariate correlation. This study concludes that the experience and perception shown by UTM’s international students during MCO are relatively positive and thus, contributes to a conducive and positive online learning atmosphere.
Apsisaurus witteri from the Lower Permian of Texas: Yet Another Small Varanopid Synapsid, Not a Diapsid

Paleozoic varanopid synapsids and diapsids, rare members of the terrestrial fossil assemblages, are not closely related to each other but appear to have acquired a number of interesting similarities that have resulted in their frequent misidentification. They have relatively gracile skeletons, especially when compared to their contemporary synapsid and reptilian relatives. In addition, most varanopids and diapsids of the Upper Carboniferous and Lower and Middle Permian are quite small, have slender limbs, and a lower temporal fenestra, often with a slender lower temporal bar. Consequently, assignment of these small predators to one of these two clades has often been difficult, espe
Relict Unusually Low Iron Pyrope-Grossular Garnets in UHPM Calc-silicate Rocks of the Kokchetav Massif, Kazakhstan

Knowledge of the compositional ranges of rock-forming minerals in ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks occurring both as deep mantle xenoliths in kimberlites and subducted crustal metasediments is critical for estimating the conditions of their formation. Garnet is one of the most important minerals of UHP rocks. This study deals with unusually low iron (less than 2 wt% FeO) pyrope-grossular garnets with Mg# more than 90 and Ca# of ~60-65, which have been detected for the first time in nature as relics within some garnet grains of layered calc-silicate rocks from the Kokchetav massif. These relics represent the earliest generation of garnet formed under peak metamorphic conditions. Using a cathodoluminescence (CL) method, relics are visible in a number of samples as irregular, light, luminescent portions occurring unevenly distributed within garnet grains. Similar features are revealed by electron microprobe X-ray elemental maps of single mineral grains within a thin section, but not as fast as the CL method that takes only seconds. New results on calc-silicate rocks demonstrate that fluids must have penetrated carbonate-rich layers, whereas adjacent garnet-pyroxene rocks acted as impermeable barriers protected against retrograde attack. Oriented arrays of exsolution-like needles (rutile? , ilmenite? ) were found for the first time within Ti-clinohumite, possibly formed during pressure release after peak metamorphic conditions.
Focal mechanisms and seismic energy release of deep and intermediate earthquakes in the Tonga‐Kermadec Region and their bearing on the depth extent of mantle flow

The geophysical arguments relevant to the depth extent of mantle convection are reviewed with special attention to the seismic properties of subducted lithosphere. New focal mechanism solutions of deep and intermediate earthquakes from the Tonga-Kermadec region are presented, but it is then shown that these do not provide an unambiguous constraint regarding the ability of subducted material to penetrate below 700 km. Estimates of the seismic energy release as a function of depth in Tonga show very large energy release in the depth range 500–700 km, which is just above the depth at which all seismicity ends. This property of the seismicity proves to be the most suggestive of the inability of subducted material to penetrate below 700-km depth.
NTPDase1/CD39 Ectonucleotidase Is Necessary for Normal Arterial Diameter Adaptation to Flow

NTPDase1/CD39, the major vascular ectonucleotidase, exerts thrombo-immunoregulatory function by controlling endothelial P2 receptor activation. Despite the well-described release of ATP from endothelial cells, few data are available regarding the potential role of CD39 as a regulator of arterial diameter. We thus investigated the contribution of CD39 in short-term diameter adaptation and long-term arterial remodeling in response to flow using Entpd1−/− male mice. Compared to wild-type littermates, endothelial-dependent relaxation was modified in Entpd1−/− mice. Specifically, the vasorelaxation in response to ATP was potentiated in both conductance (aorta) and small resistance (mesenteric and coronary) arteries. By contrast, the relaxing responses to acetylcholine were supra-normalized in thoracic aortas while decreased in resistance arteries from Entpd1−/− mice. Acute flow-mediated dilation, measured via pressure myography, was dramatically diminished and outward remodeling induced by in vivo chronic increased shear stress was altered in the mesenteric resistance arteries isolated from Entpd1−/− mice compared to wild-types. Finally, changes in vascular reactivity in Entpd1−/− mice were also evidenced by a decrease in the coronary output measured in isolated perfused hearts compared to the wild-type mice. Our results highlight a key regulatory role for purinergic signaling and CD39 in endothelium-dependent short- and long-term arterial diameter adaptation to increased flow.