Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Striker Shape Inﬂuence on the Destruction Image in Multilayered Composite after Low Velocity Impact

: The paper presents results obtained by experimental and numerical research focusing on the influence of the strikers’ geometry at the images of the destruction created in hybrid composite panels after applying impact load. In the research, the authors used four strikers with different geometry. The geometries were designed to keep the same weight for each of them. The composite panels used in the experiment were reinforced with aramid and carbon fabrics. An epoxy resin was used as a matrix. The experiments were carried with an impact kinetic energy of 23.5 J. The performed microscopy tests allowed for determination of destruction mechanisms of the panels depending on the geometry of the striker. The numerical calculations were performed using the finite element method. Each reinforcement layer of the composite was modeled as a different part. The bonded connection between the reinforcement layers was modeled using bilateral constraints. That approach enabled engineers to observe the delamination process during the impact. The results obtained from experimental and numerical investigations were compared. The authors present the impact of the striker geometry on damage formed in a composite panel. Formed damage was discussed. On the basis of the results from numerical research, energy absorption of the composite during impact depending on the striker geometry was discussed. It was noted that the size of the delamination area depends on the striker geometry. It was also noted that the diameter of the delamination area is related to the amount of damage in the reinforcing layers.
CIA_A_273185 2083..2094

1Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Wujin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; 4Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; 5Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Our objectives were to assess the abnormalities of subcortical nuclei by combining volume and shape analyses and potential association with cognitive impairment. Patients and Methods: Twenty-nine patients with severe ACS of the unilateral internal carotid artery and 31 controls were enrolled between January 2017 to August 2018. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation, blood lipid biochemical measurements, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure subcortical volumes and sub-regional shape deformations. Basic statistics, correction for multiple comparisons. Seventeen ACS patients underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within one week after baseline measurements, cognitive assessments and MRI scans were repeated 6 months after CEA. Results: The ACS patients had higher apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio and worse performance in all cognitive domains than controls. Moreover, the ACS patients showed more profound thalamic atrophy assessed by shape and volume analysis, especially in the medial dorsal thalamus. No significant differences were found in other subcortical nuclei after multiple comparisons correction. At baseline, thalamic atrophy correlated with cognitive impairment and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio. Furthermore, mediation analysis at baseline showed that the association of carotid intima-media thickness with executive functioning was mediated by thalamic volume. After CEA, cognitive improvement and increase in the bilateral medial dorsal thalamic volume were observed. Conclusion: Our study identified the distinct atrophy of subcortical nuclei and their association with cognition in patients with ACS. Assessments of the thalamus by volumetric and shape analysis may provide an early marker for cerebral ischemia and reperfusion after CEA.
Russian Options for a Diffusion with Negative Jumps

Closed solutions to the problem of pricing a Russian option when the underlying process is a diffusion with negative jumps are obtained. More precisely, the underlying process is assumed to have the form of a Wiener process with drift and negative mixed--exponentially distributed jumps driven by a Poisson process. These results generalize those of Shepp and Shiryaev (1993) for the Wiener process and Gerber, Michaud and Shiu (1995) for pure--jumps process.
Conceptions Tensions in Globalisation and its Effects by Mathematics Educators 1

The effects of the increasing international academic contacts and the globalisations of research and curriculum in mathematics education are wide spread and their impacts are experienced differently in many countries around the world. This paper reports on data from three focus groups conducted with mathematics educators from universities in Australia and New Zealand, The Philippines and Colombia. It discusses some tensions raised by these academics in coming to grips with the globalisation of their discipline.
Exploring companies’ domains of responsibility and level of importance: the consumers’ perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Since consumers' perspective regarding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities can be different from that of the companies, we thus empirically test consumers' evaluations of different CSR activities and their relative importance through consumer loyalty towards a company. In particular, the study focused on companies’ CSR activities in energy facility development (geothermal energy) to carry out a questionnaire survey among around 1500 consumers located in BRICS capital cities – i.e. Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. By adopting the rologit model, the study highlighted that CSR activities considering the impact of companies’ operations on local communities had the highest relative importance for consumers. Companies can also gain strategic advantages when performing CSR activities that avoid impacts on the environment and ensure reliable communications. This study contributes to the literature on CSR-consumer binomial by taking the perspective of consumers in evaluating different areas of responsibility of CSR and related activities.
Brillouin zone spin filtering mechanism of enhanced tunneling magnetoresistance and correlation effects in a Co ( 0001 ) / h -BN / Co ( 0001 ) magnetic tunnel junction

The 'Brillouin zone spin filtering' mechanism of enhanced tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is described for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) and studied on an example of the MTJ with hcp Co electrodes and hexagonal BN (h-BN) spacer. Our calculations based on local density approximation of density functional theory (LDA-DFT) for Co(0001)/h-BN/Co(0001) MTJ predict high TMR in this device due to Brillouin zone filtering mechanism. Owning to the specific complex band structure of the h-BN the spin-dependent tunneling conductance of the system is ultra-sensitive to small variations of the Fermi energy position inside the BN band gap. Doping of the BN and, consequentially, changing the Fermi energy position could lead to variation of the TMR by several orders of magnitude. We show also that taking into account correlation effects on beyond DFT level is required to accurately describe position of the Fermi level and thus transport propertied of the system. Our study suggests that new MTJ based on hcp Co-Pt or Co-Pd disordered alloy electrodes and p-doped hexagonal BN spacer is a promising candidate for the spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random-access memory (STT-MRAM).
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Dynamic Two-Sided Pricing under Sequential Innovation

Technology innovation engenders products of higher qualities and reduces production costs. This paper focuses on a two-sided platform tied with quality-improving hardware devices that are introduced sequentially. We analyze a monopolist’s dynamic pricing strategies facing decreasing future production cost and strategic buyers. Findings in both the traditional (buyer-side only) and two-sided business models show that future cost reductions raise the optimal price of the present product, which shifts the buyer-side demand forward and mitigates intertemporal cannibalization. Furthermore, future cost reductions may also lead to a higher optimal price for the future product, given a substantial quality improvement. Thus, the monopolist may leverage future cost reductions to position its product line to the high-end market. By comparing the traditional and two-sided business models, we ﬁnd that the impact of future cost reductions is more pronounced for a two-sided platform. discuss how the seller-side pricing structure inﬂuences sellers’ innovation These studies focus on
Metallization of magnetite (Fe3O4) under high pressure

Electrical resistivity measurements have been made on a good qualified single crystalline magnetite (Fe3O4) at temperatures from 300 down to 3.0 K under pressure up to 10 GPa. A steep change in resistivity at the Verwey transition temperature has been observed at pressure below 6.5 GPa, which shows a quite distinct result reported in prior work. Moreover, the Verwey transition temperature has been found to decrease nonlinearly with increasing pressure and it disappears at around 8 GPa. Above 8 GPa magnetite exhibits metallic behavior. The residual-resistivity ratio of the metallic state is observed to be more than 350. This finding of a metallic ground state in magnetite provides insight into the understanding of the Verwey transition in magnetite.
UNAFLOW: a holistic wind-tunnel experiment about the aerodynamics of ﬂoating wind turbines under imposed surge motion

Floating offshore wind turbines are subjected to large motions because of (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) due (cid:58)(cid:58) to (cid:58) the additional degrees of freedom offered by (cid:58) of (cid:58) the ﬂoating foundation. The rotor operates in highly dynamic (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) often (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) and this is deemed to have has a signiﬁcant effect on the aerodynamic loads, as well as on the wind turbine wake. Floating wind turbines and ﬂoating farms are designed by means of numerical tools, that have to model these unsteady aerodynamic phenomena to be predictive of reality. Experiments are needed to get a deeper understanding of the unsteady aerodynamics, and hence leverage exploit this knowledge to develop better models, as well as and to produce data for the validation and calibration of the existing numerical (cid:58) tools. This paper presents a wind-tunnel scale-model experiment about the unsteady aerodynamics of ﬂoating wind turbines that followed a The data the the of 2D sectional model tests were carried to study the a low-Reynolds proﬁle subjected to a airfoil subjected (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) to harmonic variation of the angle of attack. The lift coefﬁcient shows an (cid:58) a hysteresis cycle that extends in the linear region and grows in strength for higher motion frequencies. The knowledge gained in 2D sectional model tests was exploited to design the rotor of a 1/75 scale model of the DTU 10MW that was used to perform imposed surge motion tests in a wind tunnel. The tower-top forces were measured for several combinations of mean wind speed, surge amplitude and frequency to assess the effect of unsteady aerodynamics on the tip-vortices
Edinburgh Research Explorer Cognitive estimation

an error analysis on CET-A in patients with focal, unilateral, frontal (n = 38) or posterior (n = 22) lesions and healthy controls (n = 39). We found that frontal patients ’ performance was impaired compared to healthy controls on CET. We also found that frontal patients generated signi ﬁ cantly poorer estimates than posterior patients on CET-A. This could not be explained by impairments in ﬂ uid in- telligence. The error analyses suggested that for CET-A, extreme and very extreme responses are impaired following frontal lobe damage. However, only very extreme responses are signi ﬁ cantly more impaired following frontal lobe than posterior damage and so represent a measure restricted to frontal “ executive ” impairment, in addition to overall CET performance.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Diabetes Mellitus: A Bitter Combo

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) hallmarked by upper airway collapsibility and obstruction leading to nocturnal hypoxia and sleep arousals. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic medical malady which stems from an aberration in the glucose metabolism leading to multisystemic complications and eventually ends organ damage. Both these disorders are independently major public health concerns by virtue of their momentous morbidity, mortality and healthcare albatross. The liaison between these two leviathans is enigmatic and multifarious. Prima facie they share a common predisposing factor of obesity. OSA is associated with impairment of glucose metabolism and predisposes the individual to the development of DM. Moreover DM serves as a risk factor for OSA in conjunction with the other components of the metabolic syndrome. Untreated DM leads to aggravation of the severity of OSA while untreated OSA leads to suboptimal glycemic control and propagates complications of DM. This intricate relationship between DM and OSA is a fertile and deficiently fathomed terrain for contemplative research. We hereby make a humble endeavor to decipher and simplify the Daedalean association.
Numerical investigation of fully-developed turbulent flows in two-dimensional channel by stochastic turbulent model

In this paper the turbulent flows in two-dimensional channel are investigated and fully developed turbulent flow is assumed. The solution method is presented for this turbulent flows based on application of the Stochastic Turbulent Model (STM). The numerical investigations were carried out at different Reynolds numbers calculated by the half size of the channel and the average velocity. The one-equation version of Stochastic Turbulent Model (1E-STM) proposed by Czibere [2] predicts very well the distributions of the turbulent velocity profiles in the turbulent flows comparing with measured data taken by Laufer [3].
E ﬀ ects of Interface Trap on Transient Negative Capacitance E ﬀ ect: Phase Field Model

: Ferroelectric materials have received signiﬁcant attention as next-generation materials for gates in transistors because of their negative di ﬀ erential capacitance. Emerging transistors, such as the negative capacitance ﬁeld e ﬀ ect transistor (NCFET) and ferroelectric ﬁeld-e ﬀ ect transistor (FeFET), are based on the use of ferroelectric materials. In this work, using a multidomain 3D phase ﬁeld model (based on the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation), we investigate the impact of the interface-trapped charge (Q it ) on the transient negative capacitance in a ferroelectric capacitor (i.e., metal / Zr-HfO 2 / heavily doped Si) in series with a resistor. The simulation results show that the interface trap reinforces the e ﬀ ect of transient negative capacitance.
Cost-Beneﬁt Analysis of a Rotavirus Immunization Program in the Arab Republic of Egypt

Background. The availability of rotavirus vaccines makes the implementation of a national immunization program an important decision requiring economic considerations. Methods. A cost-beneﬁt analysis of a national rotavirus immunization program in Egypt, from the perspective of the Ministry of Health and Population, and a cost-effectiveness analysis, from a societal perspective, were conducted. Results. For a birth cohort of 1.9 million children, a vaccination program was estimated to prevent 1,140,496 episodes of diarrhea, 438,395 outpatient visits, and 47,508 hospitalizations and to save 2873 lives, resulting in direct Ministry of Health and Population medical savings of $2,481,792 (14,369,578 Egyptian pounds [LE]). On the basis of a $9.18 (53 LE) single-dose cost, rotavirus vaccine introduction would cost the Ministry of Health and Population $34,203,445.87 (198,037,951.56 LE) in health expenditures. This equates to an incremental cost of $30.22 (174.95 LE) per infection prevented. Vaccination would prevent the loss of 94,993 disability-adjusted life-years, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $363 per disability-adjusted life-year. Conclusions. The introduction of rotavirus vaccine to the national immunization program was and an estimation of the illness of at a and by and an
Field representations and introduction to scattering

1. Acoustic, Electromagnetic and Elastodynamic Fields (V.V. Varadan, V.K. Varadan). The acoustic field. The electromagnetic field. The elastodynamic field. Infinite-medium time-harmonic Green's functions. 2. Introduction to Integral Representations and Integral Equations for Time-Harmonic Acoustic, Electromagnetic, and Elastodynamic Wave Fields (S. Strouml m). The differential equations in the linearized theories of acoustic, electromagnetic and elastodynamic wave propagation. The free-space Green's function and dyadic. Green's theorem for scalar and vector fields. Integral representations and integral equations for acoustic waves. Integral representations and integral equations for electromagnetic waves. Integral representations and integral equations for elastodynamic waves. 3. The Scattered Field(S. Strom). The far-field scattering amplitude: the forward amplitude theorem and symmetry properties. The scattering and transition matrices for spherical waves. 4. Transformation Properties of Plane, Spherical and Cylindrical Scalar and Vector Wave Functions (A. Bostrom et al.). Definition of three-dimensional wave functions expansions of the Green's function. Definition of two-dimensional wave functions expansions of the Green's function. Transformations between the wave functions. Translations. Rotations. An illustrative problem. Appendices: A. Mathematical comments on the transformations of the outgoing scalar waves. B. Some remarks on the connection to the representation theory for E(B). 5. Scattering of Waves by Spheres and Cylinders(V.V. Varadan et al.). Cylindrical basis functions. Spherical basis functions. Scattering of waves by a circular cylinder-scalar formulation (acoustic waves, electromagnetic TE and TM waves, elastic SH waves). Scattering of P- and SV-waves by a circular cylinder. Scattering of acoustic, electromagnetic and elastic waves by spheres. Vector problems involving fluid/solid interfaces. Conclusion. Appendices: A. Displacement and stress components in cylindrical functions. B. Displacement and stress components in vector spherical functions. C. Fortran computer programs. References. 6. Some Important Mathematical Relations. (V.V. Varadan et al.). Vectors and dyadics. Vector and dyadic calculus. Integral relationships. Special functions. Author index. Subject index.
Bigroupoid 2-torsors

"In this thesis we follow two fundamental concepts from the {\it higher dimensional algebra}, the {\it categorification} and the {\it internalization}. From the geometric point of view, so far the most general torsors were defined in the dimension $n=1$, by {\it actions of categories and groupoids}. In the dimension $n=2$, Mauri and Tierney, and more recently Baez and Bartels from the different point of view, defined less general 2-torsors with the structure 2-group. Using the language of simplicial algebra, Duskin and Glenn defined actions and torsors internal to any Barr exact category $\E$, in an arbitrary dimension $n$. This actions are simplicial maps which are {\it exact fibrations} in dimensions $m \geq n$, over special simplicial objects called {\it n-dimensional Kan hypergroupoids}. The correspondence between the geometric and the algebraic theory in the dimension $n=1$ is given by the Grothendieck nerve construction, since the Grothendieck nerve of a groupoid is precisely a 1-dimensional Kan hypergroupoid. One of the main results is that groupoid actions and groupoid torsors become simplicial actions and simplicial torsors over the corresponding 1-dimensional Kan hypergroupoids, after the application of the Grothendieck nerve functor. The main result of the thesis is a generalization of this correspondence to the dimension $n=2$. This result is achieved by introducing two new algebraic and geometric concepts, {\it actions of bicategories} and {\it bigroupoid 2-torsors}, as a categorification and an internalization of actions of categories and groupoid torsors. We provide the classification of bigroupoid 2-torsors by {\it the second nonabelian cohomology} with coefficients in the structure bigroupoid. The second nonabelian cohomology is defined by means of the third new concept in the thesis, a {\it small 2-fibration} corresponding to an internal bigroupoid in the category $\E$. The correspondence between the geometric and the algebraic theory in the dimension $n=2$ is given by the Duskin nerve construction for bicategories and bigroupoids since the Duskin nerve of a bigroupoid is precisely a 2-dimensional Kan hypergroupoid. Finally, the main results of the thesis is that bigroupoid actions and bigroupoid 2-torsors become simplicial actions and simplicial 2-torsors over the corresponding 2-dimensional Kan hypergroupoids, after the application of the Duskin nerve functor. "
Yeon-Hak Kim, Sun-Woong Park and Yeong-Wha Sawng 151 Creating ventures: decision factors in new venture creation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether sentiment and mood, which are distinct theoretical concepts, can also be distinguished empirically. Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of German small-cap stocks and linear techniques, the effect of sentiment and mood on short-term abnormal stock return following earnings announcements is tested separately. Findings – Mood tends to be a positive factor in predicting short-term abnormal stock return, as its biologically based impact uniformly affects the risk aversion of all market participants. Notably, negative mood influences stock return significantly negatively. Sentiment is no factor, however, as its cognitively based impact affects only unsophisticated investors, namely, their cash-flow expectations. Research limitations/implications – As the sample is restricted to small-cap stocks from a single stock market and only two proxies of sentiment and mood, respectively, are used, the findings should be generalized with caution. Future research might investigate other markets and employ different proxies of sentiment and mood. Practical implications –Market participants should be aware of the different effect of sentiment and mood on stock return and adjust investment strategies accordingly. Social implications – As sophisticated investors are likely to profit from the irrational behavior of unsophisticated investors, who are prone to sentiment, the financial literacy of retail investors should be enhanced. Originality/value – This paper is unique in distinguishing between sentiment and mood, both theoretically and empirically. Such distinction was largely ignored by related past research.