Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High rovibrationally-excited H2, HD and D2 molecules in an expanding plasma studied by VUV-LIF spectroscopy on the Lyman band

Rovibrationally-excited molecules play a prominent role in plasma chemistry, fusion research and astrophysics. Rovibrationally-excited molecules (Xrv), are molecules with additional internal energy, distributed over vibrational and/or rotational states. Due to this additional internal energy, numerous reaction rates can be increased by orders of magnitude compared to non-rovibrationally-excited molecules. This work focuses on production and detection of rovibrationally-excited H2, HD and D2 molecules, as well as their implications on the plasma chemistry inside a H2/D2 expanding thermal plasma. To produce an H2/D2 expanding thermal plasma, H2 and D2 mixtures are injected into a so-called cascaded arc. The plasma supersonically expands from the cascaded arc into the expansion vessel, leading to a stationary plasma expansion. Within several millimeters into the expansion HDrv molecules are measured. It is expected that these HDrv molecules together with Hrv 2 and D rv 2 molecules, are very efficiently created inside the arc. Several production mechanisms are investigated and atom–molecule and/or surface desorption mechanisms are believed to be the dominant production processes of the HDrv molecules. With use of a technique based on laser induced fluorescence in the vacuum UV, part of the Lyman band of H2, HD and D2 is measured. Using a spectrum simulation model and the measured Lyman spectrum, 401 Lyman transitions of rovibrationallyexcited H2, HD and D2 molecules were determined. Over 70 HD and D2 Lyman transitions of rovibrationally-excited molecules with rotational states higher than J = 10 were measured and used to extend the spectroscopic data base with. From the assigned Lyman transitions, also density distributions of the internal energy of the three molecules were determined, close to the exit of the arc. Although the expanding plasma is in first order identical to a hot gas expansion, the H2, HD and D2 density distributions cannot be described by a Boltzmann distribution. Instead, each distribution is described by two Boltzmann distributions, with different temperatures. The first temperature describes the distribution for the low rotational states and the second temperature describes the distribution for the high rotational states. These temperatures are determined to be 700 K and 3800 K for H2, 500 K and 3400 K for HD and 300 K and 3000 K for D2. One of the most prominent reactions in which ro-vibrational excitation plays a decisive role is the dissociative attachment reaction, in which H− or D− is produced from Hrv 2 or D rv 2 (or HD rv) by collision with an electron. With the density distributions as measured in the plasma expansion, the production rate of these negative ions is increased by up to 10 orders of magnitude as compared to the production rate from non rovibrationally-excited molecules. This makes rovibrationally-excited molecules an interesting source for negative ions.
Polyimides from isomeric diphenylthioether dianhydrides

3,3',4,4'-Diphenylthioether dianhydride (4,4'-TDPA), 2,3,3',4'-diphenylthioether dianhydride (3,4'-TDPA), and 2,2',3,3-diphenylthioether dianhydride (3,3'TDPA) were synthesized from 3-chlorophthalic anhydride and 4-chlorophthalic anhydride. A series of polyimides derived from the isomeric diphenylthioether dianhydrides with several diamines were prepared. The properties, such as the solubility, thermal and mechanical behavior, dynamic mechanical behavior, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and permeability to some gases, were compared among the isomeric polyimides. Both 3,3'-TDPA- and 3,4-TDPA-based polyimides had good solubility in polar aprotic solvents and phenols. The 5% weight loss temperatures of all the obtained polyimides was near 500 degrees C in nitrogen. The glass-transition temperatures decreased according to the order of the polyimides based on 3,3'-TDPA, 3,4'-TDPA, and 4,4'-TDPA. The 3,4'-TDPA-based polyimides had the best permeability and lowest permselectivity, whereas the 4,4'-TDPA-based polyimides had the highest permselectivity and the lowest permeability of the three isomers. Furthermore, the rheological properties of thermoplastic polyimide resins based on the isomeric dipbenylthioether dianhydrides were investigated, and they showed that polyimide 3,4'-TDPA/4,4-oxydianiline had the lowest melt viscosity among the isomers; this indicated that the melt processibility had been greatly improved.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND GENOTYPIC STUDY OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN AL–DIWANIYAH PROVINCE, IRAQ

The current study included examining 73 samples, the number of positive samples reached 72 samples and one negative sample. Samples were collected from expatriates patients in Diwaniyah Province General hospital during the study period from October 2019 to March 2020. The study included identifying the cutaneous Leishmania parasite species using the Nested PCR technique. The results showed the successful of the DNA amplifications extracted Scraped from the edges of the skin lesionof the infected 56 (77.77%) cases were recorded for L. major, corresponding to L. tropica 12 (16.66%) and the mixed infection was 4 (5.55%) as for the epidemiology of the parasite, it was found that the percentage of males was 54.16 compared to females with a rate of 45.83%. It was also found that AL-Hamza AL-Sharqi district recorded the highest rate of infection (40.27%), while the district recorded (4.16%). Multiple ulcers recorded 81.94%, compared to single ulcers at 18.05%. October recorded the lowest percentage (1.38%), while January recorded (51.38%).
Enhancements in the lightning impulse breakdown characteristics of natural ester dielectric liquids

In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate that the lightning impulse breakdown characteristics of natural ester liquids can be significantly enhanced by dispersing molecular additives possessing lower values of both the ionization potential and 1st excitation energies as compared to the base liquid. One such additive contributed to an increase in the breakdown and acceleration voltage of the base liquid by 32% and 90%, respectively. Apart from the expected influence of the low ionization potential of the additives, results also indicate a positive effect of lower value of 1st excitation energy.
Spectrum and Structure of the He2 Molecule. I. Characterization of the States Associated with the UAO's 3pσ and 2s

The He2 band systems 3pσ, 1,3Σg+→2s, 1,3Σu+ are described in detail. The rotational and vibrational constants of the 2s, a 3Σu+ and A 1Σu+ and 3pσ, c 3Σg+ states are improved and the data for the A and c states extended from v=1 to v=3 and 4, respectively. The 3pσ C 1Σg+ state (identified for the first time) has been characterized through v=5. The apparent dissociation energy of the c 3Σg+ state is found to be ∼0.7 eV too high to be consistent with the theoretical dissociation energy of He2+. If the D0 value for He2+ is correct, large maxima must be present in the potential curves of a number of electronic states of He2. Also discussed is the observed and expected behavior of states associated with npσ UAO's.
Study of Thermodegradation and Thermostabilization of Poly( lactide acid) Using Subsequent Extrusion Cycles

The thermomechanical degradation and thermostabilization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) have been studied using subsequent extrusion cycles under different temperature profiles. Primary and secondary antioxidants were used to avoid degradation process during extrusion. Melt flow index (MFI), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were used to evaluate the degradation and stabilization of PLA. The MFI and SEC analysis show that the main thermodegradation mechanism of PLA is governed by scission reactions. FTIR analysis confirmed the SEC results and showed that the synergetic effect between primary and secondary antioxidant is a suitable way to thermostabilize the PLA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40023.
Effects of Elastic Band Plyometric Training on Physical Performance of Team Handball Players

This project investigated the effect of incorporating 8 weeks of biweekly upper limb loaded plyometric training (using elastic bands) into the in-season regimen of handball players. Participants were randomly allocated to a control group (CG) (n = 15, age = 18.1 ± 0.5 years, body mass = 73.7 ± 13.9 kg), or an experimental group (EG) (n = 14, age = 17.7 ± 0.3 years, body mass = 76.8 ± 10.7 kg). The measurements obtained pre- and post-intervention included a cycle ergometer force–velocity test, ball throwing velocity in three types of throwing, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press and pull-over, and anthropometric estimates of the upper limb muscle volumes. The EG improved in absolute muscle power (W) (Δ23.3%; interaction effect p = 0.032 more than pre-intervention), relative muscle power (W·kg−1) (Δ22.3%; interaction effect p = 0.024), and all three types of ball throwing (Δ18.6%, interaction effect p = 0.019 on a jumping shot; Δ18.6%, interaction effect p = 0.017 on a three-step running throw; and Δ19.1%, interaction effect p = 0.046 on a standing throw). There was no interaction effect for the 1-RM bench press and pull-over performance. The upper limb muscle volumes remained unchanged in both groups. We concluded that adding biweekly elastic band plyometric training to standard training improves the muscle power and throwing velocity. Accordingly, such exercises should be adopted as a part of a pragmatic approach to handball training.
Hypervector Design for Efficient Hyperdimensional Computing on Edge Devices

Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) has emerged as a new light-weight learning algorithm with smaller computation and energy requirements compared to conventional techniques. In HDC, data points are represented by high-dimensional vectors (hypervectors), which are mapped to high-dimensional space (hyperspace). Typically, a large hypervector dimension ($\geq1000$) is required to achieve accuracies comparable to conventional alternatives. However, unnecessarily large hypervectors increase hardware and energy costs, which can undermine their benefits. This paper presents a technique to minimize the hypervector dimension while maintaining the accuracy and improving the robustness of the classifier. To this end, we formulate the hypervector design as a multi-objective optimization problem for the first time in the literature. The proposed approach decreases the hypervector dimension by more than $32\times$ while maintaining or increasing the accuracy achieved by conventional HDC. Experiments on a commercial hardware platform show that the proposed approach achieves more than one order of magnitude reduction in model size, inference time, and energy consumption. We also demonstrate the trade-off between accuracy and robustness to noise and provide Pareto front solutions as a design parameter in our hypervector design.
Thermal Migration of Liquid Droplets through Solids

A transparent solid and liquid were chosen to study the thermomigration of liquid droplets through solids. Irreversible processes associated with the transfer of atoms between the solid and the liquid phases at the solid‐liquid interface of the droplet were found to have a profound influence on the migration behavior of the liquid droplets. For large droplets, these interface kinetics cause the droplet to disintegrate in a thermal gradient. In smaller droplets where the containing effects of surface tension are relatively greater, the droplets experience a prolonged transient period of thermomigration during which there is a monotonic increase in the velocity of the droplet and a gradual distortion of the droplet shape. Following this transient period, the smaller drops enter a steady‐state period during which both their shape and velocity remain constant. The steady‐state velocity of droplets in this region decreases with decreasing droplet volume and falls to zero below a critical droplet size. This var.
Phenotypic methods and PCR-RFLP for dermatophytes identification

Background: Dermatophytes are major causative agents of cutaneous fungal infections worldwide. Identification of dermatophyte species is based on macroscopic and microscopic morphology on different culture media. Molecular methods such as PCR-RFLP are rapid, reliable and precise identification methods. This local study aimed to identify the spectrum of dermatophyte species among the studied patients population using different phenotypic and genotypic methods. Materials and methods: Hair, skin and nail specimens were collected from 135 patients with clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis. All specimens were subjected to microscopic examination using KOH and culture on SDA and dermasel agar. Phenotypic identification was done by colony and microscopic morphology, and subculture on malt, PDA, lactrimel and urea agar plates. Molecular identification was done by PCR-RFLP using MvaI. Results: Out of 135 patients included in the study, 78 (57.8%) were positive by culture for dermatophytes. Five different species were identified, the most commonly isolated species was M. canis (51.3%) followed by T. violaceum (42.3%). PCR-RFLP correctly identified the isolated dermatophyte species, producing unique restriction patterns. Conclusion: Dermatophytosis is common in Egypt where humid hot climate and animal contact play important role in the spread of these fungi. The use of PCR-RFLP directly on clinical specimens rather than its use in the identification of dermatophytes from culture media is recommended.
The production of α-amylase enzyme from Iraqi isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis using agricultural-based media

This research aimed to produce extracellular α-amylase from the Iraqi isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis using various agricultural materials. The initial ingredients were wheat straws, rice straws, corn cop, date seeds, reed, lathyrus seeds, corn seeds, and sorghum seeds. A colorimetric method was used to evaluate the activity of α-amylase through the determination of glucose concentration. The initial isolate investigation showed that KS4 B. thuringiensis isolate produced a significant amount of α-amylase in submerged culture. The same isolate was used in agricultural-based media experiment where 5% media of each material was prepared, inoculated with 105 bacterial spores, and incubated at 30 ○C for 48 hours. The highest α-amylase activities were obtained with corn and sorghum seeds. Later, an equilibrated environment experiment was carried out where different concentrations of corn and sorghum seeds (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) were used to prepare agricultural-based broths, and each culture was incubated at either 30 ○C or 35 ○C. The results showed that 10% corn medium with 35 ○C incubation temperature resulted in the highest amylase activity.
Working Paper No. 160_2

We study how US chief executive officers (CEOs) invest their deferred compensation plans depending on the firm’s profitability. By looking at the correlation between the CEO’s return on these plans and the firm’s stock return, we show that deferred compensation is to a large extent invested in the company equity in good times and divested from it in bad times. The divestment from company equity in bad times arguably reflects CEOs’ incentive to “abandon” the firm and to invest in alternative instruments to preserve the value of their deferred compensation plans. This result suggests that the incentive alignment effects of deferred compensation crucially depend on the firm’s health status. JEL Classification: G32, G34
Interactive Effects of Resistance Training and Genistein Consumption on the levels of VCAM, ICAM and CRP in Diabetic Rats with Streptozotocin

Background and Objective: Reports indicate that over 60% of people with diabetes die from cardiovascular diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of resistance training and genistein consumption on the serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in diabetic rats with streptozotocin.
Efficient Streaming Subgraph Isomorphism with Graph Neural Networks

Queries to detect isomorphic subgraphs are important in graph-based data management. While the problem of subgraph isomorphism search has received considerable attention for the static setting of a single query, or a batch thereof, existing approaches do not scale to a dynamic setting of a continuous stream of queries. In this paper, we address the scalability challenges induced by a stream of subgraph isomorphism queries by caching and re-use of previous results. We first present a novel subgraph index based on graph embeddings that serves as the foundation for efficient stream processing. It enables not only effective caching and re-use of results, but also speeds-up traditional algorithms for subgraph isomorphism in case of cache misses. Moreover, we propose cache management policies that incorporate notions of reusability of query results. Experiments using real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in handling isomorphic subgraph search for streams of queries.
Coordination and Bond Character of Silicon and Aluminum Ions in Amorphous Thin Films in the System SiO2‐Al2O3

The coordination and bond character of the cations in amorphous SiO2-Al2O3 films prepared by rf sputtering were examined by studying chemical shifts in the SiK and AlK X-ray emission spectra. The coordination number of Si ions in these films was always 4, regardless of composition, whereas the average coordination number of Al ions changed from 4 to 5, depending onAl2O3 content. TheSi-O-Al bond type seemed to appear as Al2O3 was introduced into amorphous SiO2 films or vice versa.
Impact of Single versus Double Clamp Technique on Blood Lactate Levels and Postoperative Complications in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with hyperlactatemia, which leads to adverse clinical outcomes. No study has examined the effect of different clamping techniques on postoperative hyperlactatemia (PHL). Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of two different techniques on PHL and the clinical outcomes in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods This retrospective study included 100 patients who underwent isolated CPB either with single clamp technique (SCT, n=47) or double clamp technique (DCT, n=53). Demographic and preoperative laboratory data, as well as operative features and arterial blood lactate levels at the onset and at the end of CPB, were collected from patient charts. Results Blood lactate levels collected at the end of CPB did not differ significantly between groups whereas intraoperative lactate increased significantly in both groups (P<0.005). PHL developed in 16 patients (32%). There was no meaningful difference in SCT and DCT in this regard. Left internal mammary artery was used more frequently in the DCT group than in the SCT group. While the cross-clamp time was significantly longer in the SCT group, there was no difference regarding CPB time. Among postoperative complications, only the incidence of stroke was significantly higher in the DCT group than in the SCT group (10.6% vs. 0%, P=0.020). CPB time, cross-clamp time and numbers of proximal saphenous graft and distal anastomosis showed a significant positive correlation with the postoperative lactate level. In the regression analysis, CPB time emerged as the only independent predictor of PHL (OR 1.04, CI 95% 1.01-1.07, P=0.011). Conclusion There was no difference in postoperative blood lactate levels between SCT and DCT groups.
Density Functional Characterization of [HClO2] Potential Energy Surface

The potential energy surface (PES) of [HClO{sub 2}] system has been investigated at second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) and density functional theory levels using, respectively, the 6-311++G** and 6-311++G(2df,2pd) basis sets. The structural parameters of the isomers of [HClO{sub 2}] were also optimized at complete active space [CAS(12,12)] self-consistent field level using the 6-31G** basis set. Three isomers of relative thermodynamic stability, HOOCl (1) > HOClO (2) > HClO{sub 2} (3), have been identified as energy minima. Besides these covalently bound minima, various loose hydrogen-bonded complexes (OOH{hor{underscore}ellipsis}Cl 5a(s), 5{prime}a(t), and O{hor{underscore}ellipsis}HOCl 7a(t)) have been located on the singlet and triplet PES. Isomerization, molecular elimination, and direct hydrogen abstraction saddle points have been traced and a qualitative understanding of the mechanism and kinetics of the stratospherically important HO + ClO and HO{sub 2} + Cl reactions has been derived.
Calculation of Aircraft Emissions During Landing and Take-Off (LTO) Cycles at Batumi International Airport, Georgia

In this paper, aircraft emissions (nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons) were estimated during landing and take-off (LTO) cycles for the year 2018 at Batumi International Airport in Georgia. The calculation model is based on flight data recorded by TAV Airports Holding Corporations in Georgia, including type and number of aircraft, engine type, number of passengers, and emission factors from the International Civil Aviation Organization Engine Exhaust Emission Databank were used for estimating the emissions. The total aircraft emissions during the LTO cycle were assessed as 68.96 t/y (39.78 t/y for NOx, 25.92 t/y for CO, and 3.26 t/y for HC) at Batumi international airport. Domestic flights were accountable for 68% of the total LTO emissions in 2018. The findings displayed that NOx was mainly released during the take-off and climb-out modes, accounting for 27% and 37% of the total emissions. CO and HC emissions were released mostly in taxi mode and responsible for 77% and 70% of total emissions. The assessment demonstrates that a 2-minute reduction in taxi mode results in an approximate 6% reduction in LTO emissions. To predict future emissions, it was evaluated that a 50% increase in LTO cycles would result in an increase of approximately 55-60% in emissions.
GH G EMISSI O NS PER FO R MANCE: ALT ER NAT IV E ACCOUN T ING APPROACHES FO R T HE EURO

This study provides evidence on the probability of adopting an accounting approach for emission allowances and greenhouse gas emissions as a function of each company’s GHG emissions performance. The different accounting treatments adopted by national standard-setters and the lack of specific guidance from the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) allow identification of the use of multiple accounting approaches. Based on a sample of 85 companies registered with the Portuguese, Spanish, and French National Plans of Allocation, data collected from the annual reports were analysed for the period 2008–2014. The results suggest that the probability of adopting omission strategies is positively associated with better GHG emissions performances. It addresses the importance of introducing the transactions of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in financial reporting as the visibility of the costs of polluting is one of the purposes of the market mechanism.