Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of people

Background: We conducted this survey to determine the impact of covid-19 on the mental health of people during the pandemic and period of lockdown. We evaluated certain factors such as sleep changes, anxiety, mood swings, irritability, inability to concentrate, smoking and alcohol consumption changes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. We conducted an online questionnaire and circulated it via various social media platforms to record and evaluate responses of people. SPSS 16 version software and Microsoft excel sheet were used.Results: According to the results, people suffered from negative symptoms such as stress, fear, changes in smoking habits, changes in alcohol consumption, mood swings, inability to concentrate, sleep disturbances. Most people also started new coping mechanisms to help their psychological symptoms.Conclusions: An association between mental health and the outbreak of a pandemic was noticed. People experiencing these should get help and practice relaxation methods to prevent progression of their symptoms.
The Influence of Light Wavelength on Resveratrol Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Arachis hypogaeas L.

The quality and intensity of light can have a huge influence on plant growth and bioactive compound production. Compared to conventional lighting, very little is known about the influence of light emitting diodes (LED) irradiation on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and resveratrol content of peanut sprouts. This study was aimed at understanding the effects of LED light on the growth and antioxidant capacity of peanut sprouts. The resveratrol concentration was determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Peanut sprouts grown under blue LED light exhibited a higher total resveratrol content grown than those under fluorescent light and other LED light sources. The highest total phenolic content was recorded in the case of blue LED. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging values of blue LED‒treated and micro-electrodeless light-treated sprouts were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of sprouts grown under lights with other wavelengths. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong association of the resveratrol, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents of peanut sprouts with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), indicating its contribution to antioxidant activities. The anti-tyrosinase activity increased with an increase in the concentration of the tested sample. Blue LED-irradiated peanut extracts at a selected concentration range showed moderate cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of peanut sprouts grown under blue LED was effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Vibrio litoralis. The present study revealed that the application of LEDs during the peanut sprouts growth improves the antioxidant activity, resveratrol concentration, and metabolite accumulation.
Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial Potentials of the Leaf Extract and Fractions of Chrysanthemum procumetens

ABSTRACT The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract and fractions of Chrysanthemum procumetens leaves were evaluated. The extract was obtained from dried leaf samples using 70% methanol and screened for phytochemical constituents. The crude extract was partitioned successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. Membrane stability and inhibition of albumin denaturation assays were done to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Antibacterial activity was determined using six test bacteria strains of both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Phytochemical screening tested positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, tannins and cardiac glycosides. The crude extract had the highest total phenol (344.67 ± 11.26 mg GAE g−1) and flavonoids (230.30 ± 22.11 mg RE g−1) while the butanol fraction had the lowest total phenol and total flavonoids (117.57 ± 9.40 mg GAE g−1 and 100.60 ± 1.99 mg RE g−1, respectively). The crude extracts and fractions exhibited concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, comparable to Ibuprofen. The anti-bacterial activity of the crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction of C. procumetens were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zone of 24.30 ± 0.02 mm; 15.5 ± 0.02 mm and MIC of 1.70 ± 0.01 mg mL−1 and 2.00 ± 0.03 mg mL−1, respectively.
Laser sintering of copper conductive traces on primer pre-treated additive manufactured 3D surfaces

This paper introduces a novel process for creating conductive copper traces on 3D surfaces from different additive manufacturing technologies by employing printed electronics techniques. An essential step in this process was the dip-coating pre-treatment with a primer to reduce the surface roughness below 100 nm, seal pores if present, and increase the thermal stability. This was followed by a dip-coating with copper nanoparticle ink, drying using a heat gun and thermal curing by laser sintering. The experiments determined the optimal laser peak intensity for achieving conductors with the lowest electrical resistance possible. The laser parameters’ processing window provided conductive traces on 3D surfaces with properties comparable to photonic sintering on planar substrates. Thereby, the conductive traces reached electrical specific resistances lower than 18 µΩ cm (elemental copper: ρ = 1.8 µΩ cm) and a copper material percentage higher than 90 atom %. Shear tests validated the assembly with surfacemount device (SMD) resistors. Electrical tests resulted in maximum current densities higher than 100 A mm−2 and lateral breakdown voltages higher than 2kV mm−1. Thus, this paper presents essential prerequisites for a future application of the technology.
POLYSILANES - ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR OPTOELECTRONICS

The electronic structures, electrical and photoelectrical properties and possible electronic applications of polysilanes are discussed. The electronic properties are influenced by electron delocalization along the polymer silicon backbone. Attached π-conjugated chromophores improve the photostability of the silicon main chain, and influence the band gap energy and electrical behaviour. Optical excitations lead to the formation of excitons, electron-hole pairs and charge transfer states (ion-pairs). Under the influence of an external electric field, these can dissociate into free charge carriers. Charge carrier transport can be described by a model of disordered polarons.
Participatory budgeting and government efficiency: evidence from municipal governments in South Korea

The current study evaluates the role of a democratic institution—participatory budgeting—in improving government efficiency. Participatory institutions aim to enhance governance, information sharing, and the responsiveness of political agents to citizens, leading to fiscal accountability and efficiency. Drawing from a database of 221 municipal governments in South Korea around a mandatory participatory budgeting adoption period, we find that participatory budgeting adoptions are followed by improvement in multiple dimensions of government efficiency. In particular, municipal governments experience statistically significant improvements in their fiscal sustainability and administrative efficiency. In additional analysis, we find that the efficiency improvements are more pronounced in the presence of strong mayoral leadership. Overall findings suggest that participatory budgeting programs contribute to fiscal health and administrative efficiency, above and beyond their role in securing fiscal democracy. Points for practitioners The current study suggests that participatory budget systems not only contribute to quality in democracy (as prior studies have found), but also improve fiscal efficiency and accountability by serving as a bottom-up governance mechanism. We document that introductions of participatory budgeting programs are followed by statistically significant improvements in fiscal sustainability and administrative efficiency. The results also indicate that the efficiency-improvement effect differs across municipalities, depending on their political environments. Overall, this study provides a strong argument for the participatory budgeting system by empirically supporting its efficiency-improvement effect.
Shear‐Wave Velocity Structure of the Southern African Upper Mantle: Implications for Craton Structure and Plateau Uplift

We present a 3D shear‐wave velocity model of the southern African upper mantle developed using 30–200 s period Rayleigh waves recorded on regional seismic networks spanning the subcontinent. The model shows high velocities (∼4.7–4.8 km/s) at depths of 50–250 km beneath the Archean nucleus and several surrounding Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic terranes, placing the margin of the greater Kalahari Craton along the southern boundary of the Damara Belt and the eastern boundaries of the Gariep and Namaqua‐Natal belts. At depths ≥250 km, there is little difference in velocities beneath the craton and off‐craton regions, suggesting that the cratonic lithosphere extends to depths of about 200–250 km. Upper mantle velocities beneath uplifted areas of southern Africa are higher than the global average and significantly higher than beneath eastern Africa, indicating there that is little thermal modification of the upper mantle present today beneath the Southern African Plateau.
Treatment of Singularly Perturbed Differential Equations with Delay and Shift Using Haar Wavelet Collocation Method

An efficient Haar wavelet collocation method is proposed for the numerical solution of singularly perturbed differential equations with delay and shift. Taylor series (upto the first order) is used to convert the problem with delay and shift into a new problem without the delay and shift and then solved by Haar wavelet collocation method, which reduces the time and complexity of the system. Further, we apply the Haar wavelet collocation method directly to solve the problems. Also, we demonstrated several test examples to show the accuracy and efficiency of the Haar wavelet collocation method and compared our results with the finite difference and fitted operator finite difference method [11, 29].
Corn residue baling and grazing impacts on corn yield under irrigated conservation tillage systems

Crop residue grazing or baling is common in the western Corn Belt. However, its impacts on subsequent crop yields under different irrigation levels and tillage systems are unclear. We investigated the impacts of corn (Zea mays L.) residue baling and cattle grazing on soil compaction, water content, and corn yield under full and limited irrigated no-till in Nebraska during three years. In Years 2 and 3, an additional tillage treatment (strip till) was implemented to evaluate its effects on grain yield under the above treatments. Residue removal effects on compaction and water content did not vary with irrigation level. Grazing (3.68 animal units ha−1) minimally impacted compaction and soil profile water content compared to no removal. Baling increased cone index by 34–53% in the 0-to-12.5-cm depth and decreased water content by 6 cm compared to no removal. Residue removal effects on yield did not depend on irrigation. Residue removal impacts depended on tillage in Year 3 only. Full irrigation increased corn yields up to 11% compared to limited irrigation. Strip till increased yield by 11% compared to no-till in Year 2 only. Baling and grazing had no effect on corn yield in Year 1, but baling and grazing increased yield by 9% compared to no removal in Year 2, likely due to lower water content. In Year 3, grazing and baling increased yield by 9% under no-till but not strip till. Overall, grazing had minimal impacts while baling increased yield and compaction and decreased water content with few variations due to irrigation or tillage. Abbreviations: AUM, animal unit month Core Ideas • Corn residue removal effects on compaction were small and below threshold to restrict root growth. • Baling, unlike grazing, reduced soil water content in 1 of 2 yr compared to no removal. • Baling and grazing increased corn yield in 2 of 3 yr. • Limited irrigation reduced yield compared to full while strip till increased yield compared to no-till. • Residue removal effects rarely varied with irrigation or tillage.
The Structure of the Chinese Criminal Justice System: A Comparative Perspective

Though in many ways rooted in indigenous Chinese custom and political tradition, the Chinese legal system nevertheless bears the imprint of Western influence. This article uses the Chinese criminal justice system as the medium for exploring the foreign legal traditions -- particularly the civil law tradition of continental Europe and the socialist law tradition of the Soviet Union -- that have influenced the modern Chinese system of law. This Article examines six elements of the structure of the formal criminal justice system, placing special emphasis on those aspects of that system that are derived from, or analogous to, features of European or Soviet civil law. The six elements are: (1) the Organic Law of the People's Courts; (2) the Organic Law of the People's Procuracy; (3) the Code of the Criminal Law; (4) the Code of Criminal Procedure; (5) the Constitution of 1982; and (6) the opinions of the Supreme People's Court. [The article also includes English translations of these six elements. ]The article argues that the major legacy bequeathed to the Chinese by the European and Soviet legal traditions is a judiciary which is neither expected, nor able, to exert significant checks or restraints on the arbitrary exercise of state power by the executive and legislative branches of government. The article also asserts that the structure of the formal criminal justice system contains many distinctively Chinese features the thrust of which is to inject flexibility into the criminal justice system so as to allow for the exercise of administrative discretion founded in and guided by political ideology.
The predictive value of vessels encapsulating tumor clusters in treatment optimization for recurrent early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma

The predictive value of vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) in recurrent early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of VETC in patients with recurrent early‐stage HCC after repeat hepatic resection (RHR) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHERS’ TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL AND CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (A SURVEY ON ECONOMICS TEACHER KNOWLEDGE)

This study was conducted due to the lack of teachers’ Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK). It examined the effects of teaching experience, training, facilities and infrastructure, self-efficacy, as well as motivation on teachers’ TPACK. The descriptive and explanatory methods with quantitative approaches were employed. The population of this study included 472 economics teachers in the Greater Bandung area, while the respondents were 217 economics teachers selected using the proportional probability sampling technique. The instrument used to collect the data was tried out to forty economics teachers. The instrument validity was measured using the CVR formula, and the instrument reliability was tested using construct reliability. The data were collected by means of questionnaires and then analyzed using descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that the teachers’ experience, training, facilities and infrastructure, self-efficacy, as well as motivation are at a low level. Likewise, the teachers’ TPACK seems to be low. Moreover, it is found that teaching experience, training, facilities and infrastructure, self-efficacy, as well as motivation have positive effects on teachers’ TPACK.
Analysis and influence of the underwater phase of breaststroke on short-course 50 and 100m performance

ABSTRACT The aim was to analyse the influence of the breaststroke underwater phase on 50 and 100 m performance. A total of 108 performances in 50 m (61 males and 47 females), and 126 performances in 100 m (71 males and 55 females) were recorded during the 2019 Short-course National Spanish Championship. The underwater swimming time, distance and velocity were analysed after the start and turns. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and regression analysis were applied to compute the relation between the variables. The relative contribution (%) to final time and the differences between events and gender were studied through independent samples t-test (p < 0.05). High correlations were obtained for both events and genders between start time and final time (r = 0.76–0.91). The emersion velocity was higher in 50 m than in 100 m (p < 0.001; d > 1.0) and in males (50 m: 2.18 ± 0.10 m·s−1; 100 m: 1.87 ± 0.08 m·s−1) than in females (50 m: 1.92 ± 0.09 m·s−1: 100 m: 1.71 ± 0.08 m·s−1). Performance in both events was influenced significantly by turn velocity (r ≥ −0.85), and combined with the start, contributed to around 55% of the final time. Coaches should optimise the underwater phases of start and turns on breaststroke performance in short-course.
Can Psychobiotics Administration Influence Behavioral Responses and Physiological Stress in Healthy Rats?

Background: Bidirectional communication between gut and brain function is well demonstrated. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that psychobiotics [prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics)] have beneficial effects of on psychological distress in disease states. However, their role in healthy status remains relatively unclear.Aims: Therefore, we aimed to clarify if psychobiotics (L.plantarum, inulin or their combination) can influence behavioral responses and physiological stress in healthy rats.Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Then, psychobiotics were administered to intervention groups for 8 weeks. Behavioral tests were performed at the end of the intervention.Results: Our finding indicated that unlike inulin, the administration of L.plantarum and synbiotic could ameliorate depression and anxiety-like behavior and cognitive performance. Serum and brain oxidative stress markers were significantly improved by synbiotic consumption. Also, intake of L.plantarum resulted in the decreased oxidative stress in the hippocampus and amygdala. In addition, a significant increase in hippocampal serotonin and BDNF concentration was observed after symbiotic and L.plantarum intake. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between serum and brain markers with behavioral performances. Conclusion: Our study suggests that administration of psychobiotics therapy may be associated with prevent or ameliorate psychological disorders.
Detection algorithm of safety helmet wearing based on deep learning

In the production and construction of industry, safety accidents caused by unsafe behaviors of staff often occur. In a complex construction site scene, due to improper operations by personnel, huge safety risks will be buried in the entire production process. The use of deep learning algorithms to replace manual monitoring of site safety regulations is a powerful guarantee for sticking to the line of safety in production. First, the improved YOLO v3 algorithm is used to output the predicted anchor box of the target object, and then pixel feature statistics are performed on the anchor box, and the weight coefficients are respectively multiplied to output the confidence of the standard wearing of the helmet in each predicted anchor box area, according to the empirical threshold determine whether workers meet the standards for wearing helmets. Experimental results show that the helmet wearing detection algorithm based on deep learning in this paper increases the feature map scale, optimizes the prior dimensional algorithm of specific helmet dataset, and improves the loss function, and then combines image processing pixel feature statistics to accurately detect whether the helmet is worn by the standard. The final result is that mAP reaches 93.1% and FPS reaches 55 f/s. In the helmet recognition task, compared to the original YOLO v3 algorithm, mAP is increased by 3.5% and FPS is increased by 3 f/s. It shows that the improved detection algorithm has a better effect on the detection speed and accuracy of the helmet detection task.
A sexual murder prevented? A case study of evidence-based practice

ABSTRACT Clinical work with offenders with histories of sexual violence is an important aspect of forensic practice. A key feature of this is the clinical interview, which allows individual and offence-related issues to be explored. Research suggests that some sexual offences contain sexual motivations and may therefore be related to deviant sexual fantasies. This case study reports on the assessment and formulation of a patient detained in a regional secure unit. Although he had no previous sexual convictions, he had a history of being sexually violent towards others. During clinical interviews the patient disclosed having deviant sexual fantasies for several years relating to the rape and strangulation of women. These fantasies fuelled his daily masturbatory behaviour and he reported several attempts to enact them before his detention in hospital. Once in hospital the object of his sexual desires became a female nurse, whom he wanted to rape and strangle, the idea of which again fuelled his daily masturbatory behaviour. These disclosures necessitated preventative measures being taken by his clinical team and re-enforced the importance of giving due consideration to violent sexual fantasies and the importance of evidence-based risk formulations that inform the care and management of forensic patients.
Murine cancer cachexia models replicate elevated catabolic pembrolizumab clearance in humans

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have dramatically impacted oncology this past decade. However, only about one‐third of patients respond to treatment, and biomarkers to predict responders are lacking. Recent ICI clinical pharmacology data demonstrate high baseline drug clearance (CL0) significantly associates with shorter overall survival, independent of ICI exposure, in patients receiving ICI mAb therapies. This suggests CL0 may predict outcomes from ICI therapy, and cachectic signalling may link elevated CL0 and poor response. Our aim was to determine if mouse models of cancer cachexia will be useful for studying these phenomena and their underlying mechanisms.
ON THE EFFECT OF SUPERCOOLING CRYSTALLIZATION——A FALSE HIGH-PRESSURE EFFECT UNDER UNEQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS

The supercooling crystallization effect is an unusual effect in silicate melting crystallized in the superrooling condition and under normal pressure, that is, by attaining to a certain degree of supercooling, a system will be divided into two parts: one part of the relative "contraction phase" analogous to products under static high-pressure and the other part of the relative "expansion phase" (usually shown as glass). However, the total molar volume of all phases in the system under the condition of the supercooling crystallization is usually a little greater than under the equilibrium condition. Therefore, the present authors name it a false high-pressure effect, because these phenomena not only are analogous to the effect of static high-pressure but also show necessarily some relative expansion phase.The character of phases formed in the process of impact metamorphism in analogy to the one under the supercooling condition is the unity of opposites between the expansion and the contraction phases. And under the process of impact metamorphism the total molar volume in the system increases 'slightly. So we suppose that these two effects may have connection with Onsager's reciprocal relation.