Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D-PLEX500: a local biodegradable prolonged release doxycycline-formulated bone graft for the treatment for peri-implantitis. A randomized controlled clinical study.

OBJECTIVES In the present pilot, multicenter, randomized, single-blinded, controlled study, surgical treatment with or without the administration of D-PLEX500 (a biodegradable prolonged release local doxycycline formulated with β-tricalcium phosphate bone graft) was accessed for the treatment of peri-implantitis. METHOD AND MATERIALS Subjects undergoing surgical treatment for intrabony peri-implantitis defects after flap elevation were randomly assigned, to adjunct D-PLEX500 placement group or to control group. Clinical and radiographic parameters were measured at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Twenty-seven subjects (average age: 64.81 ± 7.61 years) were enrolled; 14 patients (18 implants) were randomized to the test group and 13 (14 implants) to the control group. There was no difference in plaque scores between the groups. There was no difference in the changes of mean periodontal probing depth between the test and control groups between baseline and the 6-month follow-up, whereas statistically significant difference was observed after 12 months' follow-up when analyzed for all sites averaged. There was a statistically significant difference in the changes of clinical attachment levels and radiographic bone levels between the groups between baseline and 12 months. These improvements were demonstrated when analyzed at both implant and subject levels. Only D-PLEX500 treatment led to improved bone levels at both time points. The improvement in bone levels was significant in the D-PLEX500 treatment group already after 6 months, and further improved over the 12-month follow-up. Implants were lost only in the control group (14%). CONCLUSIONS D-PLEX500 sustained release local antibiotic formulated with bone filler showed promising results in enabling healing of peri-implantitis lesions. The antibacterial component of the bone graft material might create favorable conditions that enable implant surface decontamination and soft and hard tissue healing over a prolonged period.
γ‐Ray exposure accelerates spermatogenesis of medaka fish, Oryzias latipes

To examine the spermatogenesis (and spermiogenesis) cell population kinetics after γ‐irradiation, the frequency and fate of BrdU‐labeled pre‐meiotic spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia and pre‐leptotene spermatocytes) and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) of the medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) were examined immunohistochemically and by BrdU‐labeling. After 4.75 Gy of γ‐irradiation, a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of BrdU‐labeled cells was detected in the SSCs, but not in pre‐meiotic spermatogenic cells. The time necessary for differentiation of surviving pre‐meiotic spermatogenic cells without delay of germ cell development was shortened. More than 90% of surviving pre‐meiotic spermatogenic cells differentiated into haploid cells within 5 days after irradiation, followed by a temporal spermatozoa exhaust in the testis. Next, spermatogenesis began in the surviving SSCs. However, the outcome was abnormal spermatozoa, indicating that accelerated maturation process led to morphological abnormalities. Moreover, 35% of the morphologically normal spermatozoa were dead at day 6. Based on these results, we suggest a reset system; after irradiation most surviving spermatogenic cells, except for the SSCs, are prematurely eliminated from the testis by spermatogenesis (and spermiogenesis) acceleration, and subsequent spermatogenesis begins with the surviving SSCs, a possible safeguard against male germ cell mutagenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 204–211, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in combination with bioformulated Paecilomyces lilacinus against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in two Ultisols of South-eastern Nigeria

Abstract Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination with bioformulated Paecilomyces lilacinus (PL Gold™) against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in two Ultisols in Nigeria. Root galling and egg production were higher in Calabar than Nsukka Ultisols. P. lilacinus application did not inhibit tomato root colonisation by any of the AMF. Double application of PL Gold™ in combination with Glomus etunicatum caused a significant change in the susceptibility of the tomato cultivar with a gall index (GI) =4.00 to (GI=2.00) in Nsukka Ultisol, while a similar result was obtained with Glomus mosseae, G. deserticola and G. etunicatum in Calabar Ultisols (GI=2.33). Application of both biocontrol agents significantly (P≤0.05) enhanced growth and yield of tomato plants. The highest fresh fruit yield was obtained in Calabar soil when Gi. gigantea was combined with double application of the bionematicide while the same result was obtained with G. deserticola in Nsukka soil.
Dynamic focusing with high-quality-factor metalenses.

Metasurface lenses provide an ultrathin platform in which to focus light, but weak light-matter interactions limit their dynamic tunability. Here we design sub-micron-thick, ultrahigh quality factor (high-Q) metalenses that enable dynamic modulation of the focal length and intensity. Using full-field simulations, we show that quality factors exceeding 5000 can be generated by including subtle, periodic perturbations within the constituent Si nanoantennas. Such high-Q resonances enable lens modulation based on the nonlinear Kerr effect, with focal lengths varying from 4 μm to 6.5 μm and focal intensities decreasing by half as input intensity increases from 0.1 mW/μm2 to 1 mW/μm2. We also show how multiple high-Q resonances can be embedded in the lens response through judicious placement of the perturbations. Our high-Q lens design, with quality factors two order of magnitude higher than existing lens designs, provides a foundation for reconfigurable, multiplexed and hyperspectral metasurface imaging platforms.
The +TIP Navigator-1 is an actin–microtubule crosslinker that regulates axonal growth cone motility

Sanchez-Huertas et al. demonstrate that the +TIP Navigator-1 (NAV1) couples F-actin and microtubules in the growth cone of cortical axons. This property enables NAV1 to promote microtubule persistence in the growth cone periphery and controls growth cone dynamics and steering.
A large mammalian model of myocardial regeneration after myocardial infarction in fetal sheep.

OBJECTIVE Ischemic heart disease accounts for over 20% of all deaths worldwide. As the global population faces a rising burden of chronic diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, the prevalence of heart failure due to ischemic heart disease is estimated to increase. We sought to develop a model that may more accurately identify therapeutic targets to mitigate the development of heart failure following MI. APPROACH Having utilized fetal large mammalian models of scarless wound healing, we proposed a fetal ovine model of myocardial regeneration after myocardial ischemia (MI). RESULTS Use of this model has identified critical pathways in the mammalian response to MI that are differentially activated in the regenerative, fetal mammalian response to MI when compared to the reparative, scar-forming, adult mammalian response to MI. INNOVATION While the foundation of myocardial regeneration research has been built on zebrafish and rodent models, effective therapies derived from these disease models have been lacking; therefore, we sought to develop a more representative ovine model of myocardial regeneration after MI to improve the identification of therapeutic targets designed to mitigate the development of heart failure following MI. CONCLUSIONS In order to develop therapies aimed at mitigating this rising burden of disease, it is critical that the animal models we utilize closely reflect the physiology and pathology we observe in human disease. We encourage use of this ovine large mammalian model in order to facilitate identification of therapies designed to mitigate the growing burden of heart failure.
Sediment respiration and lake trophic state are important predictors of large CO2 evasion from small boreal lakes

We show that sediment respiration is one of the key factors contributing to the high CO2 supersaturation in and evasion from Finnish lakes, and evidently also over large areas in the boreal landscape, where the majority of the lakes are small and shallow. A subpopulation of 177 randomly selected lakes (<100 km2) and 32 lakes with the highest total phosphorus (Ptot) concentrations in the Nordic Lake Survey (NLS) data base were sampled during four seasons and at four depths. Patterns of CO2 concentrations plotted against depth and time demonstrate strong CO2 accumulation in hypolimnetic waters during the stratification periods. The relationship between O2 departure from the saturation and CO2 departure from the saturation was strong in the entire data set (r2=0.79, n=2 740, P<0.0001). CO2 concentrations were positively associated with lake trophic state and the proportion of agricultural land in the catchment. In contrast, CO2 concentrations negatively correlated with the peatland percentage indicating that either input of easily degraded organic matter and/or nutrient load from agricultural land enhance degradation. The average lake‐area‐weighted annual CO2 evasion based on our 177 randomly selected lakes and all Finnish lakes >100 km2 ( Rantakari & Kortelainen, 2005 ) was 42 g C m−2 LA (lake area), approximately 20% of the average annual C accumulation in Finnish forest soils and tree biomass (covering 51% of the total area of Finland) in the 1990s. Extrapolating our estimate from Finland to all lakes of the boreal region suggests a total annual CO2 evasion of about 50 TgC, a value upto 40% of current estimates for lakes of the entire globe, emphasizing the role of small boreal lakes as conduits for transferring terrestrially fixed C into the atmosphere.
Infrared drying of dill leaves: Drying characteristics, temperature distributions, performance analyses and colour changes

Thin-layer drying behaviour of dill leaves samples under three different infrared radiation power intensities was investigated. Diffusion Approach was found to be the best model that describes the drying behaviour of dill leaves. Effective diffusivity values were 6.97 × 10−9, 6.84 × 10−9 and 8.96 × 10−9 m2/s for power intensities of 1790, 1970 and 2070 W/m2, respectively. According to the first and second law efficiencies, the infrared drying system was more efficient at higher power intensities (p < 0.05). However, the total colour change was maximum at the highest power intensity. For the investigated infrared drying conditions, 1970 W/m2 was recommended as the best-infrared power intensity applied for drying of dill leaves by taking into account both performance analyses and quality changes.
Variation in plant diversity in mediterranean‐climate ecosystems: the role of climatic and topographical stability

Although all five of the major mediterranean‐climate ecosystems (MCEs) of the world are recognized as loci of high plant species diversity and endemism, they show considerable variation in regional‐scale richness. Here, we assess the role of stable Pleistocene climate and Cenozoic topography in explaining variation in regional richness of the globe's MCEs. We hypothesize that older, more climatically stable MCEs would support more species, because they have had more time for species to accumulate than MCEs that were historically subject to greater topographic upheavals and fluctuating climates.
Sleep HAPi: A Feasibility and Descriptive Analysis of an Early and Longitudinal Sleep Education Intervention for Pregnant Women

ABSTRACT Background: Poor sleep and prior depression are key predictors of perinatal depression, with research suggesting depressive symptoms may emerge in early pregnancy. Sleep is a potentially modifiable risk factor for depression. This pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a six-month sleep education intervention designed to optimize sleep and minimize depressive symptoms throughout pregnancy. Sleep measures and depressive symptoms are described from 12 weeks gestation to 12 weeks postpartum. Participants: A community sample of nulliparous pregnant women with a history of depression were recruited prior to 14 weeks gestation. Methods: An individualized sleep education program was developed and participants engaged in three trimester specific sleep education sessions. Feasibility and acceptability were determined via recruitment and retention rates and participant feedback. Depressive symptoms and sleep were measured at five time points throughout the study. Results: 22 women enrolled in the study and 15 completed the intervention. Participants reported the intervention as highly acceptable. There was minimal change in all dimensions of sleep across pregnancy, but sleep measures were significantly worse at six weeks postpartum and improved by 12 weeks postpartum. Depressive symptoms were significantly lower at the conclusion of the intervention and 12 weeks postpartum compared to trimester 1. Conclusions: This sleep education program appears feasible, acceptable and may be effective in minimizing depressive symptoms in pregnant women with a history of depression. Trials with larger and more diverse samples are warranted and further studies to ascertain efficacy should be undertaken with a control group.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Different Extracts Obtained from Spent Coffee Ground and Coffee Silverskin

In a world where an eco-friendlier approach is becoming more and more necessary, it is essential to reduce waste production and to reuse residues of the company’s supply chain. Coffee silverskin (CS) and spent coffee ground (SCG), two by-products of coffee production, are important sources of bioactive compounds and, for this, some authors have proposed their reuse in the nutraceutical, food, and cosmetic sector. However, their potential enzyme inhibitory properties have been poorly investigated. Hence, the objective of the current work was to study the enzymatic inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase of different extracts of CS and SCG. Before these in vitro bioassays, the phytochemical composition of each extract was investigated via colorimetric assays and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. In addition, the antioxidant activities were evaluated by different chemical approaches. SCG extracts contained a higher content of bioactive compounds, notably the SCG EtOH:H2O extract was the richest in caffeine and possessed the highest antioxidant activities. The hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts were shown to be the most active against all tested enzymes, while the water extracts displayed lower activity. Our results showed a weak correlation between bioactive compounds and enzyme inhibitory effects, proving inhibitory activities likely due to non-phenolic molecules such as alkaloids and terpenoids. Obtained findings could be a starting point to develop novel nutraceuticals from CS and SCG.
Effects of root nodules and taproots on survival and abundance of Sitona hispidulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Medicago sativa

ABSTRACT. 1 The effects of food resources on populations of larvae of Sitona hispidulus (F.), a root and nodule herbivore of Medicago sativa L. , were investigated in 1983 and 1984. 2 Density‐dependent mortality among first‐instar larvae indicated that a lack of available root nodules, the primary resource for first instars, contributed to the 66.2±5.2% and 80.7±4.1% mortalities of first‐instar larvae in 1983 and 1984, respectively. Initial densities of larvae entering the soil were 31.7±2.4 and 15.6±1.3 per soil sample (10.5 cm diam. ×15 cm deep) in 1983 and 1984, respectively (±SEM). 3 Survivorship and number of first‐instar larvae per soil core sample were significantly related to number and biomass of nodules per soil sample. Percentage soil moisture was not consistently correlated with survivorship and number of larvae per soil sample. 4 Numbers of second‐ and third‐instar larvae were not consistently correlated with either nodule or taproot biomass. 5 Numbers of fourth‐instar larvae were associated with taproot biomass, suggesting that taproot surface area may also limit population levels of S.hispidulus. No correlations were found between taproot and nodule biomass on any sampling date indicating that high numbers of fourth‐instar larvae associated with larger taproots were not merely due to a greater survival of first instars associated with larger taproots. 6 The study suggests that population levels of nodule‐herbivores are controlled by the availability of root nodules. A sparse distribution of nodules results in high levels of mortality among nodule‐herbivores of Medicago sativa.
Risk Factors related to Late Failure of Dental Implant—A Systematic Review of Recent Studies

Resolving late failure of dental implant is difficult and costly; however, only few reviews have addressed the risk factors associated with late failure of dental implant. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the influences of different potential risk factors on the incidence of late dental implant failure. The protocol of this systematic review was prepared and implemented based on the PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guideline. In December 2018, studies published within the previous 10 years on late dental implant failure were selected by fulfilling the eligibility criteria and the risk factors identified in qualified studies were extracted by using a predefined extraction template. Fourteen eligible studies were assessed. The common risk factors for late failure were divided into three groups according to whether they were related to (1) the patient history (radiation therapy, periodontitis, bruxism and early implant failure), (2) clinical parameters (posterior implant location and bone grade 4) or (3) decisions made by the clinician (low initial stability, more than one implant placed during surgery, inflammation at the surgical site during the first year or using an overdenture with conus-type connection). Clinicians should be cautions throughout the treatment process of dental implant—from the initial examination to the treatment planning, surgical operation and prosthesis selection—in order to minimize the risk of late failure of dental implant.
Antagonistic species interaction drives selection for sex in a predator–prey system

The evolutionary maintenance of sexual reproduction has long challenged biologists as the majority of species reproduce sexually despite inherent costs. Providing a general explanation for the evolutionary success of sex has thus proven difficult and resulted in numerous hypotheses. A leading hypothesis suggests that antagonistic species interaction can generate conditions selecting for increased sex due to the production of rare or novel genotypes that are beneficial for rapid adaptation to recurrent environmental change brought on by antagonism. To test this ecology‐based hypothesis, we conducted experimental evolution in a predator (rotifer)–prey (algal) system by using continuous cultures to track predator–prey dynamics and in situ rates of sex in the prey over time and within replicated experimental populations. Overall, we found that predator‐mediated fluctuating selection for competitive versus defended prey resulted in higher rates of genetic mixing in the prey. More specifically, our results showed that fluctuating population sizes of predator and prey, coupled with a trade‐off in the prey, drove the sort of recurrent environmental change that could provide a benefit to sex in the prey, despite inherent costs. We end with a discussion of potential population genetic mechanisms underlying increased selection for sex in this system, based on our application of a general theoretical framework for measuring the effects of sex over time, and interpreting how these effects can lead to inferences about the conditions selecting for or against sexual reproduction in a system with antagonistic species interaction.
In Vivo 1H MR Spectroscopy of Biliary Components of Human Gallbladder at 7T

Previous in vivo proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) studies have demonstrated the possibility of quantifying amide groups of conjugated bile acids (NHCBA), olefinic lipids and cholesterol (OLC), choline‐containing phospholipids (CCPLs), taurine and glycine conjugated bile acids (TCBA, GCBA), methylene group of lipids (ML), and methyl groups of bile acids, lipids, and cholesterol (BALC1.0, BALC0.9, and TBAC) in the gallbladder, which may be useful for the study of cholestatic diseases and cholangiopathies. However, these studies were performed at 1.5T and 3T, and higher magnetic fields may offer improved spectral resolution and signal intensity.
(−)‐o‐[11C]methyl‐trans‐decalinvesamicol ((−)‐[11C]OMDV) as a PET ligand for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter

To develop a PET imaging agent to visualize brain cholinergic neurons and synaptic changes caused by Alzheimer's disease, (−)‐ and (+)‐o‐[11C]methyl‐trans‐decalinvesamicol ([11C]OMDV) were isolated and investigated for differences in not only their binding affinity and selectivity to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), but also their in vivo activities. [11C]OMDV has a high binding affinity for VAChT both in vitro and in vivo. Racemic OMDV and o‐trimethylstannyl‐trans‐decalinvesamicol (OTDV), which are precursors for synthesis of [11C]OMDV, were separated into (−)‐optical isomers ((−)‐OMDV and (−)‐OTDV) and (+)‐optical isomers ((+)‐OMDV and (+)‐OTDV) by HPLC. In the in vitro binding assay, (−)‐OMDV(7.2 nM) showed eight times higher binding affinity (Ki) to VAChT than that of (+)‐OMDV(57.5 nM). In the biodistribution study, the blood–brain barrier permeability of both enantiomers ((−)‐[11C]OMDV and (+)‐[11C]OMDV) was similarly high (about 1.0%ID/g) at 2 min post‐injection. However, (+)‐[11C]OMDV clearance from the brain was faster than (−)‐[11C]OMDV. In the in vivo blocking study, accumulation of (−)‐[11C]OMDV in the cortex was markedly decreased (approximately 30% of control) by coadministration of vesamicol, and brain uptake of (−)‐[11C]OMDV was not significantly altered by coadministration of (+)‐pentazocine or (+)‐3‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)‐N‐propylpiperidine ((+)‐3‐PPP). PET‐CT imaging revealed inhibition of the rat brain uptake of (−)‐[11C]OMDV by coadministration of vesamicol. In conclusion, (−)‐[11C]OMDV, which is an enantiomer of OMDV, selectively binds to VAChT with high affinity in the rat brain in vivo. (−)‐[11C]OMDV may be utilized as a potential PET ligand for studying presynaptic cholinergic neurons in the brain.
Prevalence of Stunting in Syrian Refugee Children With Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate in Time of Crisis: A Call for Intervention

Objective: Our study aims to compare the prevalence of stunted growth in Syrian refugee children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL±CP) to other children with CL±CP of similar socioeconomic status. Design: A retrospective medical chart review. Setting: Center for Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Lebanon in the period between January 2013 and May 2019. Patients, Participants: One hundred three Syrian refugee children and 70 Lebanese children <18 years of low socioeconomic status who have CL, CP, or both. Interventions: These patients underwent cleft repair surgeries at our center. Main Outcome Measure(s): Stunted growth measured by calculating the height-for-age z-score (HAZ). Results: Using a confidence interval of 95%, the prevalence of stunting is significantly higher among Syrian refugees (P < .003). The prevalence of stunting and age of presentation were positively correlated (P < .02). There was no difference in stunting between patients with CP and CL (P < .746). There was no difference in stunting between genders. Conclusions: The majority of Syrian refugee patients with CL±CP fall on the malnourished side of the nutritional spectrum as reflected by the high percentage of stunting as well as a mean of −1 for the HAZ.