Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relative Importance of Auditor Characteristics Versus Client Factors in Explaining Audit Quality

The U.K. listed firms are used to investigate whether auditor attributes (fixed effects for audit firms, audit offices, and audit partners) add incrementally to baseline models with client controls in explaining audit quality. We document that accounting firm fixed effects add significantly to baseline models. To the extent an accounting firm can standardize its audits, there should be no differences across engagements. However, we find significant interoffice differences, and also significant inter-partner differences within offices. R2 analyses, hierarchical linear models, LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regressions, and R2 decomposition analyses all show that partners are the most important auditor-related characteristic. To better understand the cause of partner variation, we test a set of partner demographic variables (in lieu of partner fixed effects), but we find that they explain little variation, once we control for firm and office differences. We conclude that partner variation is important in explaining audit quality, but understanding the causes requires going beyond existing publicly available demographic data.
Comment on “Seasonal cycling in the gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania”

In a recent paper, Smits et al. (Science, 25 August 2017, p. 802) report on seasonal changes in the gut microbiome of Hadza hunter-gatherers. They argue that seasonal volatility of some bacterial taxa corresponds to seasonal dietary changes. We address the authors’ insufficient reporting of relevant data and problematic areas in their assumptions about Hadza diet that yield inconsistencies in their results and interpretations.
Forest cover, hunting pressure, and fruit availability influence seed dispersal in a forest‐savanna mosaic in the Congo Basin

Forest fragmentation, reduced forest cover, and hunting pressure are the main threats affecting animal‐mediated seed dispersal. However, their combined effects on seed dispersal rates have been simultaneously investigated only rarely, and never in Africa. We aimed to disentangle the effects of forest cover, hunting pressure, frugivore abundance, and fruit availability at the local and landscape scales on the seed dispersal rates of Staudtia kamerunensis (Myristicaceae). To estimate the percentages of seed dispersal failure (undispersed seeds), we quantitated fruit remains below fruiting trees distributed across five contrasting sites in a semi‐natural forest‐savanna mosaic in the Democratic Republic of Congo. We used statistical analyses accounting for spatial autocorrelation and found that forest cover in the surrounding landscape, hunting level, the associated abundance of dispersers, and fruit availability all had significant effects on the percentage of seed dispersal failure. The combination of high fruit availability and reduced abundance of seed dispersers could accelerate seed disperser satiation, causing the seed dispersal system to be saturated. Our study highlights how two major factors associated with anthropogenic activities, forest cover and hunting, affect seed dispersal by animals. These findings could have far‐reaching implications for our understanding of tree‐frugivore interactions and the conservation of tropical communities.
Restoranlara Yönelik Tripadvisor Yorumlarının İçerik Analizi Yöntemi İle Değerlendirilmesi: İstanbul Örneği (Content Analysis of Tripadvisor Reviews on Restaurants: A Case Study of Istanbul)

Teknolojinin hızla gelişmesiyle birlikte insanların deneyimlerini paylaşmasına olanak sağlayan pek çok internet sitesi, uygulama ve sosyal medya kanallarının kullanımı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Sosyal paylaşım sitelerindeki değerlendirmeler bireylerin karar verme ve satın alma davranışlarını etkilediği gibi bahsi geçen restoranlar da olumlu veya olumsuz bir şekilde etkilenmektedir. Bu durumdan hareketle, çalışmada İstanbul’daki birinci sınıf restoranlara ilişkin TripAdvisor.com’da yer alan kullanıcı yorumlarının hangi konular üzerinde yoğunlaştığının içerik analiziyle değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla TripAdvisor sitesinde en yüksek puanlamaya sahip İstanbul’da bulunan ilk beş restorana yönelik 01.01. 2018 – 29.06. 2019 tarihleri arasında çeşitli dillerde yapılan 1269 kullanıcı yorumu incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulduktan sonra restoranları olumlu ya da olumsuz etkileyen değişkenler sınıflandırılarak oranları bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda yorumların sırasıyla yemeklerin lezzeti, servis kalitesi, özenli ve ilgili personel alt temalarında yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir
Ant species composition in Macaranga spp. trees at a conservation forest of palm oil plantation in West Sumatra, Indonesia

This study was aims to investigate the ant species composition in Macaranga spp. trees at Conservation Forest of Palm Oil Plantation of Tidar Kerinci Agung Company in West Sumatra Province by using Colony Collections and Hand Collections methods. A total of 28 species of ants that belonging to five subfamilies, 10 tribes, 17 genera and 5277 individuals was collected from five species of Macaranga (31 individuals of Macaranga trees). Myrmicinae and Formicinae were the highest in number of species (10 species respectively), followed by Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae (three species respectively), meanwhile Dorylinae only one species. Crematogaster (Decacrema) borneensis Andre, 1896 was the species with the most frequently among samples, accounting for 100% of species occurrences. Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index for all samples collected was low (0.94).
Comparison of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods to Rank Business Strategies and Marketing Resources

Given the growing competition in domestic and international agricultural product markets, choosing a business strategy compatible with requirements of marketing resources can guide agro-food firms to maintain and enhance competitive advantages. However, this is not as simple as it seems because the decision-making criteria expressed in a fuzzy manner and the relationship between them can be hierarchical or network-based. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to select the most suitable business strategy and to prioritize marketing resources for one of the major agro-food firms in Iran. To ensure the robustness of the results, both fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) were applied to prioritize business strategies and marketing resources. The results of both methods revealed that the differentiation strategy had the highest priority in terms of the experts' viewpoints. The results also showed that managerial and customer relationship capabilities were the most important criteria in selecting the differentiation strategy. According to the findings of the study, for the successful implementation of the differentiation strategy, company managers are recommended to take the following three main elements into huge consideration: financial conditions, paying attention to customer’s needs and requirements, and the introduction of new products and services.
Azobenzene-based solar thermal energy storage enhanced by gold nanoparticles for rapid, optically-triggered heat release at room temperature

Solar thermal fuel (STF) technology based on azobenzene (Azo) compounds represents a novel approach for the capture, conversion, and storage of solar energy. Azos can store energy by isomerization between their thermodynamically stable trans-isomers and higher energy, metastable cis-isomers. The energy barrier to Azo isomerization must be overcome in order to store and release energy using these materials. Generally, this is achieved using heat, light, or catalysis. Heating is the most frequently used strategy to overcome the energy barrier and release the stored energy in Azo-based STFs (Azo-STFs). However, heating Azos is not economical in practical STF applications. A notable target is the development of strategies for the construction of STFs that operate at room temperature. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer-templated, gold nanoparticle (AuNP) doped, 1,3,5-tris(arylazo)benzene (tri-Azo)-based STFs (PVA/Azo@AuNP STFs) are presented. The heat storage and release behavior of these composites can be controlled completely using light alone at room temperature. Light at a wavelength of 365 nm is effective for charging the PVA/Azo@AuNP STFs, while light at 520 nm induces the release of energy from the samples. Temperature increases of up to 8.8 °C were observed during the discharge of the PVA/Azo@AuNP STFs. The significant heat output can be attributed to three cooperative effects. First, irradiation at 520 nm irradiation triggers cis-to-trans isomerization of tri-Azo. Second, light irradiation at 520 nm stimulates the plasmonic photothermal effect in the AuNPs, releasing heat, which stimulates the cis-to-trans isomerization reaction. Finally, the AuNPs act as catalysts, accelerating the cis-to-trans isomerization reaction. Through these multiple stimulation modes, heat is released rapidly from the charged PVA/Azo@AuNP STFs. The mechanism and design principles for such novel Azo-STFs are discussed. This work provides a new strategy for the design of efficient Azo-STFs that operate at room temperature.
The fossil alga Chaetocladus gracilis revisited: new material from the Silurian of Sweden

ABSTRACT In 2006, a new species of non-calcified dasycladalean alga, Chaetocladus gracilis, from the upper Silurian of Skåne (Scania), southernmost Sweden, was erected. The original description was based on a single incomplete fossil recovered from the abandoned limestone quarry at Bjärsjölagård, a classic geologic locality in Scania. Here we present four additional and, importantly, more complete specimens from this same site and type stratum. This new material largely corroborates the general anatomical features of C. gracilis, but also adds some intricate details, most notably with regards to the external sheet-like phytoleim and organisation of the laterals. Elemental mapping confirmed an expected carbonaceous composition of the fossils, which are embedded in a calcareous mudstone. These additional fossils show that the originally described specimen was not a singular occurrence at this locality. Based on the state of preservation of our algal fossils, we note that the mudstone facies of the Ludlow Bjärsjölagård Limestone Member of the Klinta Formation (Öved-Ramsåsa Group), from which all C. gracilis have been recovered, share characteristics with deposits typically referred to as “algal-Lagerstätten”.
Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Among Patients with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis remains a major public health threat complicating tuberculosis control programs globally. Data on rifampicin resistance (RR), which is a surrogate marker for multidrug resistance, are limited among Ethiopian tuberculosis patients. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RR-MTB) among presumptive tuberculosis patients attending St. Peter Tuberculosis Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Patients and Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at St. Peter Tuberculosis Specialized Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018. After checking completeness of the necessary information, data of tuberculosis-presumptive cases who underwent Gene Xpert® testing were collected from medical records using a data-extraction format prepared for this study purpose. Data were double entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Results A total of 12,685 presumptive tuberculosis patients were included; of whom 54.5% were males and the mean age of the study participants was 40.3±18.7 years. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was detected in 1714 participants (13.5%). Of these MTB cases, 169 cases (9.8%) were confirmed to have RR-MTB. Prevalence of MTB was relatively higher among males (15.1%, P=0.78); whereas RR-MTB was higher among females (10.3%, P=0.81). The incidence of MTB and RR-MTB was significantly associated with treatment history (P=0.042 and P=0.025), respectively. HIV infection has significantly associated with incidence of RR-MTB (P=0.032), but not with MTB (P˃0.05). Prevalence of MTB and RR-MTB had a declining trend through time, being 16.7% and 12.9%, 12.8% and 9.1%, and 12.2% and 7.9% in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Conclusion This study showed a decreasing trend of both MTB and RR-MTB from 2016 to 2018 in an MTB, MDR-MTB, and TB/HIV co-infection high-burden setting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Occurrence of MTB and RR-MTB was associated with treatment history. Therefore, improvement in treatment adherence of identified cases would be helpful to prevent emergence or re-emergence of MTB and RR-MTB cases.
Effect of treatment on seed storage and physiological characters of chickpea

An experiment on storage was conducted at Naini Agricultural Institute SHUATS Allahabad, 211007 Uttar Pradesh during 2016 2017 on Bengalgram C1015. The seeds are treated with polymer, KH2PO4, Imidacloroprid, Pseudomonas, neem leaf extract with different combinations. The treated seeds are stored in polythene bag (700 gauge) at ambient conditions for assessment of seed germination, shoot length, root length, seedling length, seedling fresh matter and dry matter, seedling vigour indices, and protein &and carbohydrate content where data was subjected to factorial experiment laid out in completely randomized design. Germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seed vigour mass seed vigour index. Among the treatments, polymer +neem leaf extract of seeds (T9) recorded higher germination percent shoot length, root length, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, vigour index I, vigour index II. The polymer coated seeds treated with insecticide and Biocide (T11), recorded significantly high seed protein & carbohydrate (%) compared to untreated seeds. at the end of 6th month of storage period.
Coastal amplification of supply and transport (CAST): a new hypothesis about the persistence of Calanus finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine

Coastal ampliﬁcation of supply and transport (CAST): a new hypothesis about the persistence of Calanus ﬁnmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine. 74: 1865–1874. The lipid-rich calanoid copepod, Calanus ﬁnmarchicus , plays a critical role in the pelagic food web of the western North Atlantic and particu-larly in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. Deep basins along the continental shelf harbour high abundance of diapausing C. ﬁnmarchicus during the summer and fall. In Wilkinson Basin in the western Gulf of Maine, C. ﬁnmarchicus has persisted in large concentrations despite recent signiﬁcant warming that could potentially threaten the existence of the population in this region. Identifying the major source of diapausing individuals is critical to the understanding of mechanisms that allow population persistence. In this study, Lagrangian tracking experiments using an individual-based copepod life cycle model and simulation of environmental conditions during an exceptionally warm year (2012) suggest that coastal waters are the major upstream source for individuals entering dormancy in Wilkinson Basin over summertime, although pathways and distribution patterns vary with the release timing of particles. Both model results and observation data support the Coastal Ampliﬁcation of Supply and Transport (CAST) hypothesis as an explanation for the persistence of C. ﬁnmarchicus population in the western Gulf of Maine. The mechanism involves the coastal ampliﬁcation of supply (spring reproduction/summer growth in the food-rich coastal region) and transport to the receiving Wilkinson Basin that is capable of harbouring the diapausing stock.
Plant heat tolerance characterizes carbon assimilation strategy

The heat tolerance of photosystem II (PSII) may promote carbon assimilation at higher temperatures and may help explain plant responses to climate change. PSII heat tolerance could lead to 1) increases in the high temperature compensation point (Tmax); 2) increases in the thermal breadth of photosynthesis (i.e. the photosynthetic Ω parameter) to promote a thermal generalist strategy of carbon assimilation; 3) increases in the optimum rate of carbon assimilation Popt and promote faster carbon assimilation; and/or 4) increases in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis (Topt). To address these hypotheses, we tested if the Tcrit, T50 and T95 metrics of PSII heat tolerance were correlated with each carbon assimilation parameter for 21 species. Hypothesis 1 was not supported, but we observed that T50 may estimate the upper thermal limit for Tmax at the species-level, and that community mean Tcrit may be useful for approximating Tmax. The T50 and T95 heat tolerance metrics were positively correlated with Ω in support of hypothesis 2. We found no support for hypotheses 3 or 4. Our study shows that high PSII heat tolerance is unlikely to improve carbon assimilation at higher temperatures, but may characterize thermal generalists with slow resource acquisition strategies.
Expression and Function of Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels in Uterine Arteries

43 Introduction . 44 Materials and Methods . 46 Tissue Preparation and Treatment . 46 Relaxation Studies . 47 Contraction Studies . 47 Data Analysis . 48 Results . 48 Inhibition of BKCa Channels Increased PKC-Mediated Contractions . 48 Gestational Hypoxia Abrogated Inhibitory Effect of BKCa on PKCMediated Contractions . 50 Chronic Hypoxia Induced PKC-Mediated Inhibition of KCa Channel Activity . 53 Inhibition of BKCa Channels had No Effect on NorepinephrineInduced Contractions . 56 Discussion . 58 Acknowledgements . 61
Characterization and pathogenicity assessment of Plectosphaerella species associated with stunting disease on tomato and pepper crops in Italy

This study follows a survey carried out in 2012 and 2013 on tomato and pepper crops in the Foggia province (southern Italy), for morphological, molecular and pathogenicity analyses of Plectosphaerella fungi. The Plectosphaerella genus includes several species that are pathogens of horticultural plants. The survey identified tomato and pepper crops that showed abundant wilt, leaf yellowing, and discoloration and necrosis of roots, plus collar and stem symptoms. Different fungi including Plectosphaerella spp. were isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues. Subsequent molecular and morphological studies identified first records of Pa. citrulli infecting tomato and pepper, and Pa. pauciseptata and Pa. ramiseptata infecting pepper. Pathogenicity testing confirmed that most isolated species of Plectosphaerella caused symptoms on tomato and pepper, with Pa. ramiseptata the most aggressive. On the basis of these data, we consider that Plectosphaerella species may cause ‘Stunting disease’ in tomato and pepper. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Markers for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on Four Metabolic Genes

Background: Metabolic reprogramming is the core characteristic of tumors during the development of tumors, and cancer cells can rely on metabolic changes to support their rapid growth. Nevertheless, an overall analysis of metabolic markers in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is absent and urgently needed. Methods: Within this work, genetic expression, mutation data and clinical data of AML were queried from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The tumor samples of TCGA were randomly divided into a training group (64 samples) and an internal validation group (64 samples) at one time, and the tumor samples of GEO served as two external validation groups (99 samples, 374 samples). According to the expression levels of survival-associated metabolic genes, we divided all TCGA tumor samples into high, medium and low metabolism groups, and evaluated the immune cell activity in the tumor microenvironment of the three metabolism groups by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. Finally, we examined the mutations and prognostic effects of each model gene. Results: Four metabolism-related genes were screened and applied to construct a prognostic model for AML, giving excellent results. As for the area under the curve (AUC) value of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the training group was up to 0.902 (1-year), 0.81 (3-year), and 0.877 (5-year); and the internal and external validation groups also met the expected standards, showing high potency in predicting patient outcome. Univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses indicated that the riskScore obtained from our prognostic model was an independent prognostic factor. ssGSEA analysis revealed the high metabolism group had higher immune activity. Single and multiple gene survival analysis validated that each model gene had significant effects on the overall survival of AML patients. Conclusions: In our study, a high-efficiency prognostic prediction model was built and validated for AML patients. The results showed that metabolism-related genes could become potential prognostic biomarkers for AML.
Persistent Courage of the Local Women Resistance Toward Undemocratic Policies

This paper focuses on studying local women groups' resistance movement toward the policies regarding a permit for mining activities in their villages. Although locals have vehemently opposed this business, the official licenses to continue the activities are remain being issued by state authority and supported by the local government. This could be seen as a red flag from the policy that has been abandoned by local communities' interests. For the past decade, then being involved in social movements against undemocratic policies has sign significantly creased. There is no benefit for them from these policies, and local women also could see that their interests and knowledge have been ignored. The method used in this study is feminist ethnography, focusing on two villages as a location of mining activities. The first is Penago Baru in Seluma, Bengkulu, which has been exploited for their iron sand, then Praikaroku Jangga in Central Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, as the location for gold mining. The study uses field-talks, in-depth interviews, live-in, thematic group discussions, and field-notes. The participants lived in a social movement or acted as indigenous leaders, NGO activists, and demics. The study shows the distinctive character of these local women communities, in which they tend to have a subaltern identity. As a subaltern community, they have never been considered to exist, as their interests are not included in the policy agenda-setting. Their resistance is actually a reflection of the state's ignorance of the locals' rights. The study also notes that local women communities in both locations are actually reliable agents of local environment knowledge, with their intimate experiences with surrounding nature. Their courage to resist these policies is more of an effort to protect the natural resources and the people, as well as the ecosystem.