Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized module extension Banach algebras: Derivations and weak amenability

Abstract Let A and X be Banach algebras and let X be an algebraic Banach A-module. Then the ℓ1-direct sum A × X equipped with the multiplication is a Banach algebra, denoted by A ⋈ X, which will be called “a generalized module extension Banach algebra”. Module extension algebras, Lau product and also the direct sum of Banach algebras are the main examples satisfying this framework. We characterize the structure of n-dual valued (n ∈ ℕ) derivations on A ⋈ X from which we investigate the n-weak amenability for the algebra A ⋈ X. We apply the results and the techniques of proofs for presenting some older results with simple direct proofs.
Inversions and the Gog-Magog problem

We consider the problem of finding a bijection between the sets of alternating sign matrices and of totally symmetric self complementary plane partitions, which can be reformulated using Gog and Magog triangles. In a previous work we introduced GOGAm triangles, which are images of Magog triangles by the Sch\"utzenberger involution. In this paper we introduce left Gog and GOGAm trapezoids. We conjecture that they are equienumerated, and we give an explicit bijection between such trapezoids with one or two diagonals. We also study the distribution of inversions and coinversions in Gog triangles.
A Note on Associated Primes and Bockstein Homomorphisms of Local Cohomology Modules for Ramified Regular Local Rings

For a Noetherian regular ring $S$ and for a fixed ideal $J\subset S$, assume that the associated primes of local cohomology module $H^i_J(S)$ does not contain $p$ for some $i\geq 0$, and we call this as a property $\textit{\textbf{P}}^{i,p}_{J,S}$ or $\textit{\textbf{P}}$ for brevity. Recently, in Theorem 1.2 of \cite{Nu1}, it is proved that in a Noetherian regular local ring $S$ and for a fixed ideal $J\subset S$, associated primes of local cohomology module $H^i_J(S)$ for $i\geq 0$ is finite, if it does not contain $p$. In this paper, we study how the property $\textit{\textbf{P}}$ (as mentioned above) can come down from unramified regular ring to ramified regular local ring. In \cite{SW}, Bockstein homomorphism is studied in the context to the finiteness of associated primes of local cohomology modules for the ring of integers. There it is shown that if $p$ is nonzero divisor of Koszul homology then Bockstein homomorphism is a zero map (see, Theorem 3.1 of \cite{SW}). Here, in this paper, as a consequence of property $\textit{\textbf{P}}$, we extend the result of Theorem 3.1 of \cite{SW} to the ramified regular local ring.
The compact picture of symmetry-breaking operators for rank-one orthogonal and unitary groups

We present a method to calculate intertwining operators between the underlying Harish-Chandra modules of degenerate principal series representations of a reductive Lie group G and a reductive subgroup G ′ , and between their composition factors. Our method describes the restriction of these operators to the K ′ -isotypic components, K ′ ⊆ G ′ a maximal compact subgroup, and reduces the representation theoretic problem to an inﬁnite system of scalar equations of a combinatorial nature. For rank one orthogonal and unitary groups and spherical principal series representations we calculate these relations explicitly and use them to classify intertwining operators. We further show that in these cases automatic continuity holds, i.e. every intertwiner between the Harish-Chandra modules extends to an intertwiner between the Casselman–Wallach completions, verifying a conjecture by Kobayashi. Altogether, this establishes the compact picture of the recently studied symmetry breaking operators for orthogonal groups by Kobayashi–Speh, gives new proofs of their main results and extends them to unitary groups.
Al 2 O 3 nanoﬁbers prepared from aluminum Di( sec -butoxide)acetoacetic ester chelate exhibits high surface area and acidity Journal of Catalysis

Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) is a widely used material for catalysis in the chemical industry. Besides a high speciﬁc surface area, acid sites on Al 2 O 3 play a crucial role in the chemical transformation of adsorbed molecules, which ultimately react and desorb from the catalyst. This study introduces a synthetic method based on electrospinning to produce Al 2 O 3 nanoﬁbers (ANFs) with acidity and porosity tuned using different aluminum precursor formulations. After electrospinning and heat treatment, the nanoﬁbers form a non- woven network with macropores ( (cid:1) 4 l m). Nanoﬁbers produced from aluminum di( sec -butoxide) acetoacetic ester chelate (ASB) show the highest total acidity of ca. 0.70 m mol/m 2 determined with temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH 3 -TPD) and BET. The nature of the acid site in ASB ANFs is studied in detail with infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Pyridine is used as a molecular probe for the identiﬁcation of acid sites in ASB. Pyridine showed the presence of Lewis acid sites prominently. Density-functional theory (DFT) is conducted to understand the desorption kinetics of the adsorbed chemical species, such as ammonia (NH 3 ) on crystalline c -Al 2 O 3 . For our analysis, we focused on a mobile approach for chemisorbed and physisorbed NH 3 . The computational results are compared with NH 3 -TPD experiments, ultimately utilized to estimate the desorption energy and kinetic desorption parameters. The experiments are found to pair up with our simulation results. We predict that these non-woven structures will ﬁnd application as a dispersion medium of metallic particles in catalysis.
Spatial verification using wavelet transforms: a review

Due to the emergence of new high‐resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and the availability of new or more reliable remote sensing data, the importance of efficient spatial verification techniques is growing. Wavelet transforms offer an effective framework to decompose spatial data into separate (and possibly orthogonal) scales and directions. Most wavelet‐based spatial verification techniques have been developed or refined in the last decade and concentrate on assessing forecast performance (i.e. forecast skill or forecast error) on distinct physical scales. Particularly during the last 5 years, a significant growth in meteorological applications could be observed. However, a comparison with other scientific fields, such as feature detection, image fusion, texture analysis or facial and biometric recognition, shows that there is still a considerable, currently unused potential to derive useful diagnostic information. In order to tap the full potential of wavelet analysis, we review the state‐of‐the‐art in one‐ and two‐dimensional wavelet analysis and its application, with emphasis on spatial verification. We further use a technique developed for texture analysis in the context of high‐resolution quantitative precipitation forecasts, which is able to assess the structural characteristics of the precipitation fields and allows efficient clustering of ensemble data.
Replicability Assessment of a 3D-Printed Mold with Advanced Polymers and Chemical Smoothing

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing is the most widespread technology in additive manufacturing worldwide acknowledging its low cost, finished component applications, and the production process of other parts. The aim of this study is to perform a process for checking the reproducibility capabilities of an FDM-created part by means of state of the art, 3D scanning technology and dedicated software for analysis. One of the main challenges that FDM processes have found to become a trustful manufacturing process in the industry, is the high variability of the outcome, given the printing parameters choice due to the wide variety of material choices, and different suppliers. Additionally, there is the variability of the FDM manufacturing elements, that translates into a different interlayer bond quality, same of which could punish the capability of the printed element to sustain mechanical tests with accuracy. This procedure is a step further into reaching a proper method for FDM manufacturing that takes into account these challenges and help to turn FDM manufacturing into a mainstream, trustworthy manufacturing process for engineering prototyping.
Spatiotemporal Changes (1945–2020) in a Grazed Landscape of Northern Greece, in Relation to Socioeconomic Changes

The spatiotemporal changes of the grazed Greek landscapes in the last 75 years resemble those evidenced in most parts of the northern Mediterranean region, where woody vegetation encroached on open areas changing landscape structure and diversity. These landscape transitions are deeply influenced by demographic and socioeconomic changes that exacerbate the abandonment of traditional management practices including livestock farming and wood harvesting. The aim of this paper was to examine the spatiotemporal changes regarding land use/land cover (LULC) types in a typical grazed landscape of the Lagadas area in northern Greece in the period 1945–2020 and try to associate them with socioeconomic changes. Special attention was given to grassland evolution. Cartographic material in various forms, such as historic (LULC) data sets in shapefile format (1945, 1960 and 1993), recent land use maps (Corine Land Cover of 2018), and satellite images (Google Earth images from 2017 to 2020) was analyzed with Geographic Information Systems software and landscape metrics. Socioeconomic inventory data and grazing animal numbers were also collected and analyzed from diachronic census reports of Greek authorities. Spatiotemporal changes in the Lagadas landscape showed that grasslands, open shrublands and silvopastoral areas decreased during the examined period in favor of dense shrublands and forests, causing a significant reduction in landscape diversity and heterogeneity. Main demographic and socioeconomic drivers were the decrease of the local population, population aging and a significant reduction of employment in the primary economic sector over time. These changes were coupled with reductions in the number of grazing animals (sheep, goats, and cattle), firewood harvesting and charcoal production and were identified as the main reasons for landscape change. Grasslands have become increasingly fragmented and isolated over the years. Future sustainable livestock husbandry in the area is seriously threatened by the ongoing reduction of grasslands and open shrublands.
Direct numerical simulations of the relative motion of low inertia particles in isotropic turbulence

School of Graduate Studies The University of Alabama in Huntsville Degree Masters of Science College/Dept. Engineering/Mechanical and in Engineering Aerospace Engineering Name of Candidate Kiruthika Sundararajan Title Direct Numerical Simulations of the Relative Motion of Low Inertia Particles in Isotropic Turbulence In direct numerical simulations (DNS) of isotropic turbulence, statistical stationarity is achieved by artificially forcing, i.e. adding energy to, the low-wavenumber scales of turbulence. In this work, the effects of two such forcing schemes on the relative positions and velocities of heavy, monodisperse, “point” particle pairs are studied. The first forcing scheme considered is a deterministic method in which the turbulent kinetic energy is maintained constant [34] by resupplying the energy dissipated during a time step to the velocity components in a low-wavenumber band. The second is the stochastic forcing method of [13], where one adds a random acceleration to the fluid momentum equation at the low wavenumbers. The stochastic approach involves three main input parameters that allow us to estimate, a priori, the approximate value of the Taylor micro-scale Reynolds number Reλ that can be obtained in a DNS run. One of these parameters is the correlation time scale Tf of the random acceleration. Among our objectives is to assess the effects of varying Tf on the relative-motion statistics of particle pairs. Direct numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence containing disperse particles were undertaken using both the deterministic and the stochastic forcing schemes
Sidewall effects in Rayleigh–Bénard convection

Abstract We investigate the influence of the temperature boundary conditions at the sidewall on the heat transport in Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection using direct numerical simulations. For relatively low Rayleigh numbers $Ra$ the heat transport is higher when the sidewall is isothermal, kept at a temperature $T_c+\Delta /2$ (where $\Delta $ is the temperature difference between the horizontal plates and $T_c$ the temperature of the cold plate), than when the sidewall is adiabatic. The reason is that in the former case part of the heat current avoids the thermal resistance of the fluid layer by escaping through the sidewall that acts as a short-circuit. For higher $Ra$ the bulk becomes more isothermal and this reduces the heat current through the sidewall. Therefore the heat flux in a cell with an isothermal sidewall converges to the value obtained with an adiabatic sidewall for high enough $Ra$ (${\simeq }10^{10}$). However, when the sidewall temperature deviates from $T_c+\Delta /2$ the heat transport at the bottom and top plates is different from the value obtained using an adiabatic sidewall. In this case the difference does not decrease with increasing $Ra$ thus indicating that the ambient temperature of the experimental apparatus can influence the heat transfer. A similar behaviour is observed when only a very small sidewall region close to the horizontal plates is kept isothermal, while the rest of the sidewall is adiabatic. The reason is that in the region closest to the horizontal plates the temperature difference between the fluid and the sidewall is highest. This suggests that one should be careful with the placement of thermal shields outside the fluid sample to minimize spurious heat currents. When the physical sidewall properties (thickness, thermal conductivity and heat capacity) are considered the problem becomes one of conjugate heat transfer and different behaviours are possible depending on the sidewall properties and the temperature boundary condition on the ‘dry’ side. The problem becomes even more complicated when the sidewall is shielded with additional insulation or temperature-controlled surfaces; some particular examples are illustrated and discussed. It has been observed that the sidewall temperature dynamics not only affects the heat transfer but can also trigger a different mean flow state or change the temperature fluctuations in the flow and this could explain some of the observed differences between similar but not fully identical experiments.
Relationships Between Gender, Personal, and Collective Self-Esteem, and Feminist Identity

The purpose of the present study was to investigate potential effects of women's studies courses on feminist identity development and personal and collective self-esteem, and to analyze relationships between self-esteem and both gender and feminist identity. Participants included 220 students (165 women, 55 men) enrolled in both core and elective women's studies courses. Students completed the Rosenberg scale, the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (CSES), and the Feminist Identity Development Scale (FIDS) at the beginning and at the end of a 14-week semester. Results indicated change on two of the four FIDS subscales in the predicted direction, no gender difference on the Rosenberg scale, gender differences on three of the four CSES subscales, and several significant relationships between FIDS and CSES subscales. These results, as well as implications for fbture research, are discussed.
Entanglement of Indistinguishable Particles and its Quantification

We introduce geometric measures of entanglement for indistinguishable particles, which apply to mixed states, multipartite systems, and arbitrary dimensions. They are based on generalized (i.e., not necessarily finite) norms on the set of quantum states and lead to the first necessary and sufficient computational separability criterion in this general setting. The coherent approach developed in the paper allows us to compare, in particular, entanglement for fermionic and distinguishable particles: The entanglement measure for fermionic particles coincides with the corresponding entanglement measure for distinguishable particles up to a factor of $k! $ where $k$ is the number of particles involved. By this result the amount of entanglement emerging from fermi statistics alone is clearly separated from the overall amount of entanglement. Finally, our techniques are applied to entanglement related to Schmidt and Slater numbers.
NEAR-INFRARED DETECTION OF A SUPER-THIN DISK IN NGC 891

We probe the disk structure of the nearby, massive, edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891 with subarcsecond resolution JHKs-band images covering ∼ ±10 kpc in radius and ±5 kpc in height. We measure intrinsic surface brightness (SB) profiles using realistic attenuation corrections constrained from near- and mid-infrared (Spitzer) color maps and three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative-transfer models. In addition to the well-known thin and thick disks, a super-thin disk with 60–80 pc scale-height—comparable to the star-forming disk of the Milky Way—is visibly evident and required to fit the attenuation-corrected light distribution. Asymmetries in the super-thin disk light profile are indicative of young, hot stars producing regions of excess luminosity and bluer (attenuation-corrected) near-infrared color. To fit the inner regions of NGC 891, these disks must be truncated within ∼3 kpc, with almost all their luminosity redistributed in a bar-like structure 50% thicker than the thin disk. There appears to be no classical bulge but rather a nuclear continuation of the super-thin disk. The super-thin, thin, thick, and bar components contribute roughly 30%, 42%, 13%, and 15% (respectively) to the total Ks-band luminosity. Disk axial ratios (length/height) decrease from 30 to 3 from super-thin to thick components. Both exponential and sech2 vertical SB profiles fit the data equally well. We find that the super-thin disk is significantly brighter in the Ks-band than typically assumed in integrated spectral energy distribution models of NGC 891: it appears that in these models the excess flux, likely produced by young stars in the super-thin disk, has been mistakenly attributed to the thin disk.
COSMOLOGICAL ZOOM SIMULATIONS OF z = 2 GALAXIES: THE IMPACT OF GALACTIC OUTFLOWS

We use high-resolution cosmological zoom simulations with ∼200 pc resolution at z = 2 and various prescriptions for galactic outflows in order to explore the impact of winds on the morphological, dynamical, and structural properties of eight individual galaxies with halo masses ∼1011–2 × 1012 M☉ at z = 2. We present a detailed comparison to spatially and spectrally resolved Hα and other observations of z ≈ 2 galaxies. We find that simulations without winds produce massive, compact galaxies with low gas fractions, super-solar metallicities, high bulge fractions, and much of the star formation concentrated within the inner kiloparsec. Strong winds are required to maintain high gas fractions, redistribute star-forming gas over larger scales, and increase the velocity dispersion of simulated galaxies, more in agreement with the large, extended, turbulent disks typical of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. Winds also suppress early star formation to produce high-redshift cosmic star formation efficiencies in better agreement with observations. Sizes, rotation velocities, and velocity dispersions all scale with stellar mass in accord with observations. Our simulations produce a diversity of morphological characteristics—among our three most massive galaxies, we find a quiescent grand-design spiral, a very compact star-forming galaxy, and a clumpy disk undergoing a minor merger; the clumps are evident in Hα but not in the stars. Rotation curves are generally slowly rising, particularly when calculated using azimuthal velocities rather than enclosed mass. Our results are broadly resolution-converged. These results show that cosmological simulations including outflows can produce disk galaxies similar to those observed during the peak epoch of cosmic galaxy growth.
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy for time-resolved investigations of transition metal dichalcogenides

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have shown promise for various applications in optoelectronics and so-called valleytronics. Their operation and performance strongly depend on the stacking of individual layers. Here, optical second-harmonic generation in imaging mode is shown to be a versatile tool for systematic time-resolved investigations of TMD monolayers and heterostructures in consideration of the material’s structure. Large sample areas can be probed without the need of any mapping or scanning. By means of polarization dependent measurements, the crystalline orientation of monolayers or the stacking angles of heterostructures can be evaluated for the whole field of view. Pump-probe experiments then allow to correlate observed transient changes of the second-harmonic response with the underlying structure. The corresponding time-resolution is virtually limited by the pulse duration of the used laser. As an example, polarization dependent and time-resolved measurements on mono- and multilayer MoS2 flakes grown on a SiO2/ Si(001) substrate are presented.
Systematic Evaluation of CASH Search Strategies for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection is an important data mining task that aims to detect abnormal examples in a dataset. Dozens of unsupervised algorithms have been developed for this task, each of which can be finely controlled via multiple hyperparameters. Therefore, choosing an algorithm that works well for a new dataset has traditionally been a time-consuming trial-and-error process. Moreover, any ground-truth labels to guide this process are hard to come by in real-world anomaly detection problems. On the other hand, if we are able to collect a small, labeled validation set, we could leverage the AutoML paradigm to automate this model search. While the off-the-shelf AutoML search strategies for combined algorithm selection and hyperparameter optimization (CASH) are effective for supervised classification and regression tasks, they require the availability of plenty of ground-truth labels and large validation sets. It is unclear whether CASH will be equally effective for anomaly detection problems where the validation sets are typically small at best and not always representative of the test set at worst. In this paper, we present a discussion and experimental evaluation of how the structure of the validation set, i.e., its size and label bias, impacts the performance of different CASH search strategies within the context of anomaly detection.
Self-Energy of the Lorentzian EPRL-FK Spin Foam Model of Quantum Gravity

We calculate the most divergent contribution to non-degenerate sectorof the self-energy (or “melonic”) graph in the context of the Lorentzian EPRL-FK Spin Foam model of Quantum Gravity. We find that such a contribution is logarithmically divergent in the cut-off over the SU (2)-representation spins when one chooses the face amplitude guaranteeing the facesplitting invariance of the foam. We also find that the dependence on the boundary data is different from that of the bare propagator. This fact has its origin in the non-commutativity of the EPRL-FK Yγ-map with the projector onto SL(2,C)-invariant states. In the course of the paper, we discuss in detail the approximations used during the calculations, its geometrical interpretation as well as the physical consequences of our result. ar X iv :1 30 2. 17 81 v2 [ gr -q c] 1 3 M ar 2 01 3