Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring education services using lifetime incomes

This paper estimates the nominal value of education output by adapting the Jorgenson Fraumeni lifetime income approach, such that enrollments by education type are multiplied by the amount by which lifetime earnings change with additional qualifications, taking account of the impact of experience on earnings. The model is estimated using data for the UK covering the time period 1993 to 2018 under a range of assumptions. Next, the treatment of education services in national accounts is reviewed, and the paper argues that education services could be treated as an intangible asset and the acquisition of schooling knowledge assets included in saving and net investment. Finally, the paper discusses modifications required to adjust for international students who pay for the cost of their tuition.
Response of Four Spring Wheat Cultivars to Drought Stress

Identification and understanding of the mechanism of drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars has long been a major goal of plant breeders. Our objective was to determine if leaf water potential, osmotic potential, yield, and yield components could be used to differentiate apparent drought tolerance among the cultivars. Four spring wheat cultivars (Giza 165, Gemmiza 1, Klassic, and SPHE3) from different geographic regions were grown in a greenhouse at 20/ 15°c with 12 h of daylight augmented with artificial lighting and subjected to water stress imposed by withholding irrigation at different stages of growth. The three treatments were: no stress (W1); 10 d stress at tillering (W2); and 10 d stress at heading (W3). Water stress caused large differences for yield and yield components. For the W3 treatment, Giza 165, Gemmiza 1, and SPHE3 had yield decreases of 44%, 43%, and 18%, respectively, while Klassic had a yield increase of 4%. The average slopes of the turgor vs leaf water potential plots were 0.56 for Giza 165 and Gemmiza 1 vs 0.43 for Klassic and SPHE3 at heading. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant as determined by the 95% Tukey test. Stress applied at either tillering or heading gave similar results but effects were more pronounced when stress was applied at heading. It was not possible to determine if osmotic adjustment contributed to the differences between cultivars in response to water stress.
On the Risk of Extinction

Well-known theoretical predictions are that the risk of extinction should decrease with maximum population size (K) and should increase with the temporal coefficient of variation in population size (CV). In an unvarying environment, where extinction is caused solely by demographic accidents, the risk of extinction should decrease steeply with K; the greater the contribution of environmental variability to the risk of extinction, the less steep should be the dependence on K. Large-bodied species tend to have long lifetimes but low rates of increase, which have opposite effects on the risk of extinction per year. We show that in comparisons of a large- and small-bodied species at the same average population size (N), the large-bodied species should be at less risk at low N but at greater risk at high N. We test these predictions using a data base of short-term survivals (up to a few decades) of 355 populations belonging to 100 species of British land birds on 16 islands. The mean N and risk of extinction are known for these populations, and we can calculate CV's for 39 of the species. To identify how factors other than N affect the risk of extinction, we devise a means of correcting that risk for much of the effect of N. We make the following observations. (1) Risk of extinction does decrease sharply with N. (2) After correcting for much of the effect of N, we confirm the theoretical prediction that the relative susceptibility to extinction of large- and small-bodied species reverses with increasing population size. Above seven pairs, larger-bodied species are at greater risk than smaller-bodied species; the reverse is true below seven pairs. (3) Migratory species are at greater risk of extinction than resident species. (4) Finally, after accounting for the effects of N, body size, and migratory status, we show that the risk of extinction does increase with the CV.
Utilization of ultrafiltered milk permeate as water substitute in mango drink fortified with pumpkin cubes en route to innovate a functional drink

This study aimed to annexation such impressive health benefits possessed of pumpkin to mango drink in addition to a rich source of the essential electrolytes, namely UF- milk permeate en route to innovate a functional drink. To achieve this purpose, mango drink based on 14% fresh mango pulp, per se, and 12% sucrose was made (the control). Mango pulp was replaced with cooked (at 90◦ C for 5 min) pumpkin cubes (CPC) at the level of 5, 10 or 15% (W/W). Then 0.2% CMC, 0.015% CaCl2 and 73.785% tap water were added for each one and well mixed. On the other hand, the drink of mango pulp replaced with 10% CPC was chosen as a control in next study, where the water was replaced with UF- milk permeate (UFMP) at the level of 25, 50 or 75% and well mixed. All drinks were heat treated at 90◦ C for 5 min, filled into Pyrex glass bottles, air tightly closed, and cooled to ca 4◦ C. The obtained results indicated that, separately, CPC composed of higher moisture and total nitrogen contents and lower carbohydrates content than mango pulp. Therefore, the mango pulp replacement with CPC in the drink was associated with significant increments in the total solids content as well as pH value and decrements in the moisture, acidity and total sugars contents. Organoleptically, the mango drink of 10% CPC possessed scores as high as the control towards the color as well as overall acceptance and came in the second order versus the control towards the consistency and taste criteria. Therefore, this formula was chosen to expose to the experiment of utilization of UFMP instead of water in the drink making. The concerned results confirmed that, significant increments in drink total solids, ash and total sugars contents as well as pH value, while both moisture and acidity contents of drink reduced by water replacement with UFMP. Sensory, the drink of 75% UFMP gained the highest scores in all criteria assessed being better than the control in both consistency and taste attributes. Finally, the forgoing results led satisfactory to conclude that, it could successfully made a drink that meets the intended health purposes based on the substitution of 10% of mango pulp with cooked cubes of pumpkin of many impressive health benefits as well as the utilization of UF milk permeate as a source of the essential electrolytes instead of 75% of required water en route to innovate a functional drink.
A revision of the genus Perineus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae)

Abstract Six species of the genus Perineus Thompson, 1936 are recognised, including one new species. These, together with their hosts, are: P. nigrolimbatus (Giebel, 1874) on Fulmarus glacialis glacialis, F. glacialis auduboni, F. glacialis rodgersii, and F. glacialoides; P. concinnus (Kellogg & Chapman, 1899) on Diomedea albatrus, D. immutabilis, and D. nigripes; P. concinnoides Keler, 1957 on Diomedea exulans exulans, D. exulans chionoptera, D. epomophora epomophora, and D. epomophora sanfordi; P. oblongus Keler, 1957 on Diomedea irrorata; P. circumfasciatus Keler, 1957 on Diomedea melanophrys melanophrys, D. melanophrys impavida, D. cauta cauta, D. cauta salvini, D. cauta eremita, D. chrysostoma, D. chlororhynchos, D. butteri, Phoebetria palpebrata, and P. fusca; Perineus macronecti new species on Macronectes halli (type host) and Macronectes giganteus. A key and illustrations are provided to both male and female adults of all the species. Lectotypes are designated for two species already synonymised; .
Novos registros de moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae e Nycteribiidae) de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em áreas de transição cerrado-floresta estacional no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

As primeiras informacoes sobre moscas ectoparasitas de morcegos e seus hospedeiros no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul sao apresentadas. Os individuos de morcegos e de dipteros ectoparasitos foram coletados em area transicionais de cerrado e floresta estacional semidecidua, e tambem em uma floresta decidua. Foram encontradas sete especies de Streblidae e uma de Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 (Nycteribiidae). Todos os registros sao ineditos para o estado do Mato Grosso do Sul e Basilia bequaerti Guimaraes & D´Andretta, 1956 e registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil.
ESTUDO DO PRIMEIRO CICLO PRODUTIVO DA BANANEIRA `NANICÃO' (Musa sp.) DESENVOLVIDA A PARTIR DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE MUDA

To study the performance of different types of propagation materials of banana `Nanicao' (Musa sp. ) on the productivity of the first year, five propagation materials were used: small sword suckers, big sword suckers, water suckers, rhizome sections and meristem derived material (tissue culture). The parameters studied were weight of bunch, number of hands per bunch, number of fruits per bunch and number of days from planting to harvest (first cicle). Both sizes of sword suckers gave the best average performance (shortest length of the first vegetative cycle, good average weight of bunch, good number of hands and number of fruits per bunch). Rhizome sections showed similar results but took a longer time to produce the first harvest. Meristem derived material showed the worst performance with lowest average weight of bunch, longest lenght of the first vegetative cycle and high somaclonal variation rate.
THE ANNUAL RHYTHM OF CAMBIAL ACTIVITY IN TWO WOODY SPECIES OF THE CHILEAN “MATORRAL”

A B S T R A C T The annual rhythm of cambial activity is compared in Proustia cuneifolia and Acacia caven, two typical shrubs of the "matorral" in the semiarid region of central Chile. Proustia, a drought deciduous shrub, shows a typical desert cambial rhythm, highly sensitive to rainfall. The growth activity of this species is limited to the periods of adequate moisture. Acacia is an evergreen whose cambial activity is observed almost throughout the year; it is not synchronous with rainfall. Adaptation in this species seems to consist in developing long roots able to tap underground water. These results indicate that both shrubs, although growing together, have different adaptive strategies to the same xerophytic conditions. THE STUDY of the adaptations of plants to the
Changes in Volume, Biomass, and Fatty Acids of Developing Eggs in Nauticaris Magellanica (Decapoda: Caridea): A Latitudinal Comparison

ABSTRACT The hippolytid shrimp Nauticaris magellanica, with a known geographical distribution covering approximately 35° of latitude, was selected to conduct a latitudinal comparison regarding volume, biomass, and fatty acid changes during embryogenesis. Ovigerous females were collected from populations in northern (Guanaqucros) and central-southern Chile (Metri and Putemun). Recently produced eggs from the 3 populations sampled were similar in size (ranging from 0.031-0.038 mm'). Embryos close to hatching, however, were considerably larger in central-southern Chile (Metri: 0.072 mm'; Putemun: 0.091 mm') compared with those from Guanaqueros (0.054 mm'). Egg volume increase during the incubation period varied between 74% (Guanaqueros) and 160% (Putemun). Wet mass and water content of embryos increased, while dry and ash mass decreased during embryogenesis. Analyses of fatty acids revealed similar results for eggs from the 3 study sites and different developmental stages. The overall utilization of fatty acids, however, was elevated in embryos from the most southern location (Putemun) compared with that found in embryos from the other sampling sites. Main fatty acids of eggs and newly hatched larvae were the polyunsaturates 20:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3), and the saturate 16:0, comprising 21, 16, and 15%, respectively, of the total. The pattern of fatty acid utilization during embryogenesis is characterized by a sharp decline of the 16:1 (n-7) fatty acid. Our results confirm a latitudinal cline in egg volume in N. magellanica. The differences observed among populations may be attributed, however, to differences in the ambient conditions (e.g., temperature, salinity, feeding) of the habitats rather than simply to its northern and southern location. In addition, the lipid biochemistry of developing eggs seems to be unaffected by latitude.
THE RELATION BETWEEN POTATO BLIGHT AND TOMATO BLIGHT

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 1. In Jersey, potato and tomato crops are grown in close proximity in the open, and both suffer from severe attacks of blight (Phytophthora infestans). The disease appears first on the potatoes, and most growers assume that it passes from this crop to the tomatoes. To test this assumption, potato and tomato plants have been inoculated, using blight from either host plant. 2. In four out of five experiments, ordinary blight lesions developed on tomatoes inoculated with blight from glasshouse potatoes in January, February and March. The result suggests that tomato plants for the outdoor crop are liable to contract blight, if, as is often done, they are raised in glasshouses where diseased potatoes have just been, or are being, grown. 3. Blight from the early outdoor potato crop often failed to infect tomatoes. Where infection did occur typical symptoms of blight were not produced. When, under field conditions, early potatoes were interplanted with tomatoes, the former were quickly killed by blight while the latter remained almost healthy. The evidence indicates that early potato crops affected with blight are not so dangerous to neighbouring tomato crops as is commonly assumed. 4. Successful infection was established on all tomatoes inoculated with blight taken from outdoor potatoes in autumn, but ordinary blight lesions were not produced except in one experiment. 5. Blight taken from the leaves, stems, or fruits of the tomato infected the potato, and the disease so produced in the latter passed back readily to the tomato. This indicates that diseased tomato crops may be a serious menace to neighbouring potato crops. 6. The results of numerous inoculation experiments support the view that more than one strain of Phytophthora infestans exists.
Effect of growing seasons on the leaf essential oil composition of Citrus species that are cultivated in Egypt

ABSTRACT Essential oil (EO) of Citrus has some biological and pharmaceutical properties; thus, it can be used in food and drug industries. Changes in growing seasons play important roles in physiological processes of Citrus EO especially that extracted from young leaves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the EO extracted from young leaves of twelve Citrus species in different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) under Egyptian conditions. The Citrus species in this investigation were Valencia Orange, Navel Orange, Sour Orange, Lemon, Volkamer Lemon, Lime, Persian Lime, Sweet Lime, Mediterranean Mandarin, Dancy Tangerine, Grapefruit and Shaddock. The EOs of young leaves were extracted by hydrodistillation method (HD), and then analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Sabinene was identified as the major component in EO isolated from Valencia Orange, Navel Orange and Grapefruit while linalool was the main compound in EO of Sour Orange, Mediterranean Mandarin and Dancy Tangerine. The major constituent of EO produced from Lemon, Volkamer Lemon, Lime, Persian Lime and Sweet Lime was limonene, but it was E-phytol in Shaddock EO. The greatest contents (%) of EO isolated from young leaves and major constituents of all Citrus species were detected in the samples harvested during the spring season. The EO constitutes that detected in leaf EO were classified into five chemical groups “monoterpene hydrocarbons (MH), oxygenated monoterpenes (OM), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SH), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS) and oxygenated diterpenes (OD)”. It was found that the detected compounds of EO extracted from various Citrus species belonged to MH, OM, SH and OS, except the compounds of Dancy Tangerine and Shaddock were belonged to MH, OM, SH, OS and OD. Different changes were observed in the minor components and various chemical groups in different growing seasons.
Genetic variation at the Pgi locus in the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis (Poecilidae) and a possible effect on susceptibility to an insecticide

Although some studies have been completed on genetic variation in relation to tolerance to heavy metals, none have considered pesticide pollution. This study examines the relationship between genotypes at the glucose phosphate isomerase (Pgi) locus in Gambusia and susceptibility to the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos. Laboratory toxicity tests show significant differences in genotype frequencies between susceptible and tolerant groups offish from one site but not at others. A field survey examined genotype frequencies and levels of pesticide in the fish at seven sites. No chlorpyrifos was found at any of the sites, but a number of organochlorines were recorded. Significant correlations were found between three organochlorines (DDT/DDD, DDE and lindane) and frequences of particular genotypes. There were also significant differences in tolerance between populations and between size classes. These results are discussed in relation to previous work with heavy metals.
Looking from the bright side: The Light Triad predicts Tinder use for love

The Dark Triad of personality has gained much attention in the literature, while the lighter side of personality has not received comparable attention. This study aimed to examine how the Light Triad of personality traits (Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism) differs between Tinder users, and how these personality traits are related to motivations to use Tinder for short- and long-term mating. Cross-sectional data from current Tinder users (n = 130), past Tinder users (n = 56), and people who have never used Tinder (n = 121) were examined. The results revealed that compared to Tinder users, nonusers have higher scores on Kantianism, which might be related to Kantians not emphasizing attractiveness, a factor that has a role in online dating success. Further, Tinder users with higher total scores on the Light Triad were found to show higher motivation to use Tinder for long-term mating, whereas a significant relation was not found motivation to use Tinder for short-term mating. Long-term mating requires establishing a cooperative relationship with someone, and the motivation to use Tinder to find long-term mates may be due to the cooperation-promoting nature of the Light Triad.
Fine Structure of the Vomeronasal Sensory Epithelium of Korean Goats (Capra hircus)

The vomeronasal sensory epithelium of goats native to Korea was examined morphologi- cally by light and electron microscopy. The vomeronasal organ is a tubular structure situated bilaterally at the base of the nasal septum. The sensory epithelium lines the medial wall of the vomeronasal lumen and consists of receptor, supporting, and basal cells. The receptor and support- ing cells have prominent microvilli on the luminal surface. In the basal region, four types of basal cells can be distinguished morphologically, two of which are attached to the basal lamina. The morphological characteristics of Korean goat vomeronasal sensory epithelium are discussed in comparison with those of other mammalian vomeronasal epithelia.
In vitro Studies on Antioxidant Potential of Aqueous Extract of Bridelia ferruginea Stem Bark in Brain and Liver of Wistar-albino Rats using Sodium Nitroprusside as Pro-oxidant

Thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay was used to study the antioxidant potential of Bridelia ferruginea, a widely used medicinal plant in Nigeria, sub-tropical Africa and parts of Asia. The aqueous extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark showed inhibition against the formation of TBARS induced by the pro-oxidant, sodium nitroprusside, in the liver and brain tissue homogenates of the locally bred male and female albino-Wistar rats. The inhibition of TBARS is an indication of the antioxidant potential of the plant extract. The extent of antioxidant potential depends on concentrations, showing varying degrees of inhibition with different concentrations. It showed a 54.16% inhibition in the liver and 60.65% in the brain, both at a concentration of 0.33 mg/ml, with IC50 values of 3.00 ± 1.58 mg/ml and 2.99 ± 1.59 mg/ml for the liver and brain homogenates respectively. The results suggest the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark in reversing the effect of lipid peroxidation that may result from sodium nitroprusside overload. Original Research Article Adeleye; AJBGMB, 3(3): 39-45, 2020; Article no.AJBGMB. 55967 40
Larval rearing and feeding behavior of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus under dark conditions

The present study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between the larval feeding behavior of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus and their sensory organs. We also sought to reduce the cannibalism and improve larval rearing methods for this species. The feeding behavior of intact and streptomycin-treated larvae was examined under light and dark conditions using Artemia nauplii. The ingestion rates under light versus dark conditions did not vary significantly; furthermore, no difference was observed between intact and streptomycin-treated larvae. These results showed that the feeding behavior of C. gariepinus depends on chemo-sensory senses rather than visual or mechanical senses. In addition, the larvae were reared under normal light conditions (following a diurnal cycle) and continuous dark conditions from the hatching day until they were 20 days old. Although, there was no significant difference, the trials under continuous dark conditions tended to have higher survival rates than those under light conditions. Moreover, the larvae reared under dark conditions showed the same growth rate as those under light conditions. The observations of larval behavior in the present study showed that larval activity increased under dim light conditions; the number of fish resting on the bottom of the aquaria decreased and fewer larvae were bitten by other individuals than under light conditions. The results of this study suggest that higher activity of C. gariepinus under dark conditions reduced the rate of cannibalism and resulted in higher rates of survival compared to light conditions. This study suggests that the survival rate of C. gariepinus larvae can be improved under dark or dim light conditions with low larval densities and adequate access to food. Â© 2011 Academic Journals Inc.
A Study on the Reduction of Cosmic Radiation Exposure by Flight
 Crew

The purpose of this study is to analyze the radiation dose data of the space crew of the flight crew and to present a plan for the health management of the flight crew on the basis of the analysis. The analysis show that the average exposure dose of the flight attendants continued to rise, and the exposure dose of the flight attendants was five(5) times higher than that of the radiation workers. As a way to reduce the effects of cosmic radiation, this paper suggests appropriate personnel allocation by model, balanced allocation of high and low latitude routes by crew according to the aircraft type, and a low altitude flight plan for high latitude flight. This study will help aviation crew members understand cosmic radiation and trust in the company’s policies. In the future, it will be necessary to enhance the flight safety of the crew by deriving meaningful results by analyzing data related to cosmic radiation of various routes.