Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Aroma-Active Compounds in Thai, Black and White Glutinous Rice Varieties

The aroma compounds of cooked, black and white glutinous rice (Kheow Ngu) that are commonly found on the Thai market were investigated. Volatile compounds were extracted from the steamed rice samples using diethyl ether and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Twelve volatile compounds were identified in black glutinous rice and 14 compounds in white glutinous rice. In black glutinous rice, benzaldehyde was found in the highest concentration (1,203.7 ng/kg) but 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol (sweet, spicy and smoky odor) had the highest odor-active value (OAV = 133). However, the results from gas chromatography-olfactometry (GCO) indicated that there were four aroma-active compounds in black glutinous rice. The most prominent odorants were (E,E)nona-2,4-dienal (sweet, fatty) and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (pandan) that had a flavor dilution (FD) factor of 3. Two other compounds that had an FD factor of 1 were 2,3-butanediol (sweet, balsamic) and 1-octen3-ol that had straw and earthy-aroma characteristics. In white glutinous rice, the compound that had the highest OAV was butanoic acid (sweaty, rancid, OAV = 1,036). From GCO data, there were seven aroma active compounds that had sweet, cooked-flour and fatty-aroma characteristics in the white glutinous rice. These compounds were tentatively identified as nonanal, ethyl octanoate, (E,E)-nona2,4-dienal, germacrene-D, methyl dodecanoate and two were unknown.
The impact of COVID-19 on tourism sustainability: evidence from Portugal

Portugal is a country in which the tourism sector assumes great importance, contributing around 15% of the national GDP and with more than 1 million jobs In this sense, COVID-19 is expected to have a dramatic impact on the Portuguese economy aggravated by the existence of a reduced internal market with low purchasing power and in which there is a high dependence on the external market This perspective study explores the challenges and opportunities that Portuguese companies in the field of tourism are facing due to the emergence of this pandemic The challenges faced by companies are both short-term and long-term In the short term, it is essential to ensure sufficient liquidity to reopen activities and in the long term, it is necessary to be prepared and reactive to disruptive movements that may arise in tourist demand However, it is also important to recognize that some opportunities can be exploited, such as the quality of the health response, the exploitation of a less mass tourism supply based on the components of social and environmental sustainability, the increase of tourism among the elderly population from countries with greater purchasing power and the acceleration of the digitalization of tourism operations
On the Potential for Abrupt Arctic Winter Sea Ice Loss

AbstractThe authors examine the transition from a seasonally ice-covered Arctic to an Arctic Ocean that is sea ice free all year round under increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. It is shown that in comprehensive climate models, such loss of Arctic winter sea ice area is faster than the preceding loss of summer sea ice area for the same rate of warming. In two of the models, several million square kilometers of winter sea ice are lost within only one decade. It is shown that neither surface albedo nor cloud feedbacks can explain the rapid winter ice loss in the climate model MPI-ESM by suppressing both feedbacks in the model. The authors argue that the large sensitivity of winter sea ice area in the models is caused by the asymmetry between melting and freezing: an ice-free summer requires the complete melt of even the thickest sea ice, which is why the perennial ice coverage decreases only gradually as more and more of the thinner ice melts away. In winter, however, sea ice areal coverage remains high as lo.
Local Government Communication in Indonesia: Observations from Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan

Most studies of democratization in developing countries fail to link their analysis with the implementation of local government communication. As a consequence, the study of government communication is too elitist and central government-oriented. This study contributes to the study of government communication in the context of local governance for countries in a democratic transition. The authors use local government communication in public services in Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, as a case of observation. Using a qualitative approach to explore the complexity of cultural and structural factors, the authors combine the results of an analysis of various documents, observations and in-depth interviews relating to the practices of local government communication in South Kalimantan from January to June 2018. In conclusion, the results indicated that the quality of local government communication was influenced by various factors both cultural and structural. Although local cultural factors remain important, in the case of the South Kalimantan, structural factors have more influence on regional government communication. While regional government communication performance does not yet involve active participation from below, more elite-oriented than public-oriented. The regional government officers are less responsive and still top-down, so the ideas of professionalization of local government communications are still limited to expectations rather than reality. This study recommends that local government communication can be effective if it adopts a participatory government communication perspective by involving the key stakeholders and local people in participation in the planning and implementation of communication including women's voices and perspectives. Keywords: G overnment communication , local democracy, decentralisation , participation, South Kalimantan .
The neutral hydrogen content of galaxies in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations

We examine the global Hi properties of galaxies in quarter-billion particle cosmological simulations using Gadget-2, focusing on how galactic outflows impact Hi content. We consider four outflow models, including a new one (ezw) motivated by recent interstellar medium simulations in which the wind speed and mass loading factor scale as expected for momentum-driven outflows for larger galaxies and energy-driven outflows for dwarfs (� < 75 kms 1 ). To obtain predicted Hi masses, we employ a simple but effective local correction for particle self-shielding, and an observationally-constrained transition from neutral to molecular hydrogen. Our ezw simulation produces an Hi mass function whose faint-end slope of 1.3 agrees well with observations from the ALFALFA survey; other models agree less well. Satellite galaxies have a bimodal distribution in Hi fraction versus halo mass, with smaller satellites and/or those in larger halos more often being Hi-deficient. At a given stellar mass, Hi content correlates with star formation rate and inversely correlates with metallicity, as expected if driven by stochasticity in the accretion rate. To higher redshifts, massive Hi galaxies disappear and the mass function steepens. The global cosmic Hi density conspires to remain fairly constant from z � 5 ! 0, but the relative contribution from smaller galaxies increases with redshift.
Socioeconomic and Genetic Factors Influencing the Strength, Weight, Length and Width Measurements of Children

Child growth has been the interest of scientists for a long time. Most children in Africa and Asia still live in conditions that are not considered “optimal” by comparison with those prevailing in Europe and North America. There are, however, socioeconomic status (SES) improvements on those continents that create, in circumscribed populations, living conditions on a par with those of the “first world”. The Javanese sample came from good socioeconomic status (SES) children in Malang (East Java). A total of 1913 Javanese children (822 boys and 1091 girls) were measured. The samples from South Africa were from high (urban) and low (rural) SES. As many as 1109 children (274 rural females, 297 urban females, 263 rural males, and 275 urban males) were measured. Analysis of variance was used to find significant differences, and probit analysis was used to calculate the age of menarche (12.15 years, s=1.10). The results showed that Javanese girls had significantly younger age of menarche. Socioeconomic and genetic factors both affect the growth and development of children, but differently, depended on the variables, the sex, and the age of the growing children. Grip strength development was affected by socioeconomic factor in male children. However, during later period of growth and development, the low socioeconomic children showed an indicator of catch up growth. On the other hand, female Cape Coloured children did not show significant differences between urban and rural, in the averages of grip strength. Males seem to be more affected by adverse environment. Although SES seemed to affect the averages of elbow breadth, the rural children of both sexes managed to catch-up at the last period of their growth and development. The differences between Javanese and Cape Coloured children were an example of the adaptation to specific environment, manifested in the different regulation in attaining adult height. This may be a result of the population history of Cape Coloured people who received substantial admixtures from European gene pool, while Javanese are descendants of people who for a very large number of generations resided in South East Asian environmental conditions. Thus the small final body size of Javanese people, determined by early puberty, is an adaptation to the life in climate that being warm and humid, it would be better to have low body mass/body surface ratio for efficient passive radiation of heat.
Genetic Variability and Inter-relationship between Yield and Yield Components in Jhum Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes of Khagrachhari District in Bangladesh

The present investigation consists of 47 rice genotypes and the experiment was conducted during Aus season, 2016 in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The data were recorded for 13 quantitative characters to study genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient analysis and path analysis. Analysis of variance among 47 genotypes showed a significant difference for all characters studied. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were observed for grain yield followed by the number of effective tillers, the number of filled grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight indicating that these characters could be used in selection for the crop improvement program. High estimates of heritability was observed for grain yield, grain length, plant height, number of filled grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight and days to 50% flowering. High genetic advance was observed for the number of filled grains per panicle and plant height, indicating predominance of additive gene effects and possibilities of effective selection for the improvement of these traits. Grain yield showed positive association with number of effective tiller and number of filled grain per panicle at genotypic in conjunction with phenotypic level. Days to maturity possessed the highest positive direct effect and significant indirect correlation with yield.
Response of Onion Plants Productivity and Quality to Tow Organic Polymers under Sustainable Mineral Fertilizers Management إستجابة إنتاجیة و جودة نباتات البصل لإثنین من البولیمرات العضویة تحت ظروف الإدارة المستدامة للتسمید المعدنى

Two field experiments were carried out during the winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at a private farm (Tanboul El-Kobra), Al-Senbilawin, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of soil drench of tow organic polymers (Humic acids as K- humate (HAs) and Falvic acids as K-fulvate (VAs) alone or incorporated together under different rates of N, P and K fertilization on onion plants growth, yield, and its components and quality of bulbs ( Allium cepa L.) cv. Giza Red. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. Results indicated that 100% NPK treatment followed by 75% then 50% significantly increased all determined traits under the study contentions. Soil application of HAs and VAs was superior for on vegetative growth parameters, bulbs productivity, chemical constituents, and quality compared to the control (without applications). Under 75% NPK, in combination, the duel application of HAs and VAs showed a significant augmentation in all studied parameters compared to the control under 50, 75 . and 100% of the recommended mineral fertilization. Therefore, the application of HAs and VAs by soil drench in combination treatment with 75% NPK is important for improving plant quality and reducing environmental pollution due to partial replacement of mineral fertilizer with HAs and VAs.
Matter imprints in waveform models for neutron star binaries: Tidal and self-spin effects

The combined observation of gravitational and electromagnetic waves from the coalescence of two neutron stars marks the beginning of multimessenger astronomy with gravitational waves (GWs). The development of accurate gravitational waveform models is a crucial prerequisite to extract information about the properties of the binary system that generated a detected GW signal. In binary neutron star systems (BNS), tidal effects also need to be incorporated in the modeling for an accurate waveform representation. Building on previous work [Phys. Rev. D 96, 121501 (2017)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.96. 121501], we explore the performance of inspiral-merger waveform models that are obtained by adding a numerical relativity (NR) based approximant for the tidal part of the phasing (NRTidal) to existing models for nonprecessing and precessing binary black hole systems, as implemented in the LSC Algorithm Library Suite. The resulting BNS waveforms are compared and contrasted to a set of target waveforms which we obtain by hybridizing NR waveforms (covering the last ∼10 orbits up to the merger and extending through the postmerger phase) with inspiral waveforms calculated from 30 Hz obtained with a state-of-the-art effective-one-body waveform model. While due to the construction procedure of the target waveforms, there is no error budget available over the full frequency range accessible by advanced GW detectors, the waveform set presents only an approximation of the real signal. We probe that the combination of the self-spin terms and of the NRTidal description is necessary to obtain minimal mismatches (≲0.01) and phase differences (≲1 rad) with respect to the target waveforms. We also discuss possible improvements and drawbacks of the NRTidal approximant in its current form.
Resources and transaction costs: how property rights economics furthers the resource‐based view

Property rights economics furthers the resource-based view of strategic management in a number of ways. First, resources are conceptualized as being composed of multiple attributes for which property rights may be held. Second, a resource owner's ability to create, appropriate, and sustain value from resources depends on the property rights that he or she holds and on the transaction costs of exchanging, defining, and protecting them. While transaction costs are a major source of value dissipation, reducing such dissipation may create value. Implications for the RBV analysis of sustained competitive advantage are derived. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on quantification of areal mean precipitation using satellite-gauge merging precipitation

Satellite based precipitation product (GSMaP-MVK) can be reliably used to estimate the Areal Mean Precipitation error based on “Sample Design method” (Esdd) with the effort to mitigate the problem of sparse data, especially severe in poorly gauged river basins. In addition, the satellite-gauge merging precipitation would reduce significantly the magnitude gaps between the satellite rainfall estimations and the rain gauge data. In this study, the capability of satellite-gauge merging precipitation using GSMaP-MVK and local dense rain gauge data with bias reduction approach to evaluate the AMP is investigated. The main finding is that satellite-gauge blending data which incorporates a dense rain gauge measurements shows the better capability to evaluate AMP using Esdd index than the original satellite only precipitation estimations. However, Esdd quantification performances of satellite-gauge blending precipitation are inferior to the original satellite only precipitation product GSMaP-MVK when the number of blended rain gauges is not large enough. Keywords: areal mean precipitation; remote sensed precipitation product; satellite-gauge merging; rainfall runoff simulations.
New Evidence and Perspective to the Poisson Process and Earthquake Temporal Distribution from 55,000 Events around Taiwan since 1900

AbstractEarthquake prediction is by all means controversial and challenging, given the fact that some recent catastrophic earthquakes went unpredicted. Not surprisingly, statistical approaches have been utilized to model earthquake randomness in time or space. One of the suggestions is that the earthquake’s temporal probability distribution should follow the Poisson model, which is suitable for rare events by definition. As a result, the customarily used hypothesis should be largely associated with the prior judgment that earthquakes are rare, but not as a result of abundant quantitative evidence or theoretical derivation. Therefore, this study aims to offer new empirical evidence to the hypothesis based on 110-year-long earthquake data around Taiwan. From the series of statistical tests, the first statistical inference is indeed in line with the model’s proposition: the level of fitting between observation and theory is better for earthquakes with a lower mean rate. To be more specific, it shows that the.
The Impact of Distributed Leadership Behaviors of School Principals on the Organizational Commitment of Teachers.

This study aims to investigate the effect of school principals' distributed leadership behaviors on teachers' organizational commitment. For this purpose, correlational survey model has been used in this study. The study group consists of 772 teachers working at secondary schools of Erzurum. The data of the study has been collected by using Distributed Leadership Inventory which was developed by Hulpia, Devos and Rosseel (2009a) and adapted to Turkish by Baloglu (2012), and Organizational Commitment Scale for Teachers which was developed by Ustuner (2009). The data has been analyzed with SPSS programme. Some descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean and standard deviation have been used. Besides, Pearson Moment Correlation has been used in order to determine the relationships among the variables; and multiple linear regression analysis has been used to investigate predictive power of distributed leadership. According to the findings of the study, it is determined that teachers' perceptions towards school principals' distributed leadership behaviors and organizational commitment are at moderate level. The findings of the study have revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between school principals' distributed leadership behaviors and teachers' organizational commitment. Besides, school principals' distributed leadership behaviors significantly predict teachers' organizational commitment.
Journal of Pediatric Nephrology

1Department of e-learning in Medical Education. Virtual Education. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2Department of e-learning in Medical Education, Virtual School and Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3Department of e-learning in Medical Education, Virtual School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4Senior Resident in Surgery, Department of Surgery, 5th Azar Hospital, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Testing Reliability and Construct Validity of In- kind WTP Responses in Contingent Valuation

The aims of the study presented in this paper are to test the reliability and construct validity of inkind willingness to pay (WTP) responses obtained through a contingent valuation survey from a case study in Bangladesh. In a wide scale household survey in the north eastern wetland basin of Bangladesh, agricultural farmers, who refused to pay a risk premium in cash to buy a hypothetical flood insurance scheme due to income constraints, were asked to pay a premium in-kind. 23 per cent of the total sample agreed to buy flood insurance by paying the risk premium in the form of a proportion of their seasonal crop. Farmers’ stated WTP varies from two kg of rice crops per year per household to 150 kg with an average WTP 37 kg of rice crops per year which is 0.11 per cent the average yearly household crop production. Results of the estimated regression model demonstrate both reliability and construct validity of in-kind WTP responses. The study concludes that incorporating in-kind WTP in CV studies in semi-subsistence economies can yield reliable and valid estimates.
Will the Proposed Regulatory Reforms by the Basel Committee Improve Economic Performance in Emerging Economies? An Empirical Application to Egypt and Ukraine

The aim of this research is to assess the efficacy of the prospective reforms proposed by the Basel Committee on emerging market economies. Egypt and Ukraine are selected as comparative case studies representing middle-income developing nations and transition economies that have shown diverse reactions to the global crisis. Using a small-scale DSGE model, the projected changes to capital adequacy measures, minimum liquidity requirements and Corporate Governance are tested on a set of macroeconomic outputs: GDP growth, employment, inflation and interest rates over the period of 2000:01-2010:03. The results reveal that the DSGE model is an inaccurate forecasting tool for both nations. Also, the impacts of the proposed regulatory reforms are quite detrimental for Ukraine, but better weathered by the Egyptian economy, implying that emerging nations that were well geared up through meeting requirements of Basel II will show more resilience to the costliness of future reforms.
Getting Girls into School: Evidence from a Scholarship Program in Cambodia

Increasing the schooling attainment of girls is a challenge in much of the developing world. In this study we evaluate the impact of a program that gives scholarships to girls making the transition between the last year of primary school and the first year of secondary school in Cambodia. We show that the scholarship program increased the enrollment and attendance of recipients at program schools by about 30 percentage points. Larger impacts are found among girls with the lowest socioeconomic status at baseline. The results are robust to a variety of controls for observable differences between scholarship recipients and nonrecipients, to unobserved heterogeneity across girls, and to selective transfers between program schools and other schools. We conclude that there is substantial potential for demand‐side interventions in lower‐income countries like Cambodia.