Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life after Traumatic Brain Injury between varying Patient Groups: Sensitivity of a Disease Specific (QOLIBRI) and a Generic (SF-36) Instrument.

OBJECTIVES Factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients after TBI include severity of initial injury, different grades of trauma recovery, sociodemographic status and psychological characteristics. Yet, sensitivity of HRQOL instruments to such effects is often underexplored. Thus, we aimed to compare the capacity of the disease-specific instrument QOLIBRI (Quality of Life after Brain Injury) and the generic SF (Short Form)-36 to detect significant differences in HRQOL between patients. METHODS Patients (N = 795) completed HRQOL, sociodemographic, clinical, psychological and health status questionnaires. Univariate (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney) and multivariate (Wei-Lachin) non-parametric analyses were conducted using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney approach to compare the sensitivity of the QOLIBRI and the SF-36. RESULTS For both instruments, HRQOL was particularly influenced by patients' reliance on others, depression, anxiety, and recovery status, whilst smaller effects were found for living arrangements and participation in leisure activities. Both HRQOL instruments were sensitive to group differences, but the QOLIBRI was able to detect a greater number of and finer differences between specific patient groups, which is particularly important in clinical and therapeutic contexts. This finding is likely explained by the QOLIBRI's greater specificity to disease-specific aspects of consequences of TBI. CONCLUSION This head-to-head HRQOL instrument comparison resulted in a recommendation for the use of the QOLIBRI when detailed insight in the subjective consequences and impact of TBI on patients is required.
B Cell Tetherin: A Flow Cytometric Cell‐Specific Assay for Response to Type I Interferon Predicts Clinical Features and Flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Type I interferon (IFN) responses are broadly associated with autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Given the cardinal role of autoantibodies in SLE, this study was undertaken to investigate whether the findings of a B cell–specific IFN assay correlate with SLE activity.
Netrin-1 and the Grade of Atherosclerosis Are Inversely Correlated in Humans

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Netrin-1 has been shown to play a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis in mice models. However, little is known about the role of Netrin-1 in humans. We set out to study whether Netrin-1 is associated with different stages of atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Plasma Netrin-1 levels were measured in different patient cohorts: (1) 22 patients with high cardiovascular risk who underwent arterial wall inflammation assessment using positron-emission tomography / computed tomography, (2) 168 patients with a positive family history of premature atherosclerosis in whom coronary artery calcium scores were obtained, and (3) 104 patients with chest pain who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography imaging to evaluate plaque vulnerability and burden. Netrin-1 plasma levels were negatively correlated with arterial wall inflammation (β, −0.01 [95% CI, 0.02 to −0.01] R2, 0.61; P<0.0001), and concentrations of Netrin-1 were significantly lower when atherosclerosis was present compared with individuals without atherosclerosis (28.01 versus 10.51 ng/mL, P<0.001). There was no difference in Netrin-1 plasma concentrations between patients with stable versus unstable plaques (11.17 versus 11.74 ng/mL, P=0.511). However, Netrin-1 plasma levels were negatively correlated to total plaque volume (β, −0.09 [95% CI, −0.11 to −0.08] R2, 0.57, P<0.0001), calcified plaque volumes (β, −0.10 [95% CI, −0.12 to −0.08] R2, 0.53; P<0.0001), and noncalcified plaque volumes (β, −0.08 [95% CI, −0.10 to −0.06] R2, 0.41; P<0.0001). Treatment of inflammatory stimulated endothelial cells with plasma with high Netrin-1 level resulted in reduced endothelial inflammation and consequently, less monocyte adhesion. ConclusionS: Netrin-1 plasma levels are lower in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis and in patients with arterial wall inflammation. Netrin-1 is not associated with plaque vulnerability; however, it is negatively correlated to plaque burden, suggesting that Netrin-1 is involved in some, but not all, stages of atherosclerosis.
Prevalence of Depression in Postmenopausal Women

Background: Every woman during different stages of her growth faces various crises, and one of these crises, menopause, may create different problems. In modern societies, psychological disorders and particularly depression is one of the problems of menopausal women. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression in postmenopausal women referred to selected health centers of Ahvaz in 2014. Patients and Methods: This study was cross-sectional study. In this study, 1280 postmenopausal women aged between 40 and 65 years old who were referred to selected health centers of Ahvaz in 2014 were randomly enrolled. Hamilton depression scale and demographic questionnaire were used for gathering information. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and analytical statistics (Independent t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and logistic regression) were carried out (CI 95%). Results: The mean ± SD score of depression for the subjects was 9.37 ± 4.62. The results showed that 59.8% of the 1280 samples were depressed; in particular, 39.8% had mild depression, 16% moderate depression, and 4% severe depression. There is a significant and inverse relation between variables of age, exposure to cigarette smoking, and the relationship with their spouses and the level of their depression, so higher age, more exposure to smoking, and better relation with their husbands, lead to the less depression. The results showed that the level of education is associated with depression. The highest rate of depression was in illiterate women; the finding also showed that there is a relationship between income and the severity of depression (Regression Log). T test showed that the mean depression level of employed postmenopausal women is higher than housewives postmenopausal women, and this difference is statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: A significant percentage of women in their menopause experience depression. This depression can be associated with variables such as exposure to cigarette smoke, certain personal characteristics (e.g. relationship with spouse), and socioeconomic status (education, income).
“It’s not all in my head. The pain I feel is real”: How Moral Judgment Marginalizes Women with Fibromyalgia in Canadian Health Care

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition that affects 440,000 Canadians, most of whom are women. Many physicians, although not all, are sceptical of FM’s legitimacy and discredit women with FM. This moral judgment takes the following forms: disbelief of women’s pain reports, blaming women with FM for adding to their pain by catastrophizing, dismissing new symptoms by assuming that they are related to FM, accusing women of not wanting to get better, and seeing them as a frustrating waste of time. Moral judgment marginalizes these women, impeding their healthcare needs from being met. In this article, I illustrate this kind of moral judgment by drawing on my own and other women’s experiences of FM, as well as physicians’ attitudes and advice to other physicians about FM. I profile three practices that could
Pharmacological inhibition of G9a/GLP restores cognition and reduces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and β-Amyloid plaques in an early-onset Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

The implication of epigenetic mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been demonstrated in several studies. UNC0642, a specific and potent inhibitor of methyltransferase activity G9a/GLP (G9a-like) complex, was evaluated in the 5XFAD mouse model. UNC0642 treatment rescued 5XFAD cognition impairment, reduced DNA-methylation (5-mC), increased hydroxymethylation (5-hmC), and decreased the di-methylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me2) levels in the hippocampus. Increases in the Nuclear Factor erythroid-2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2), Heme oxygenase decycling 1 (Hmox1) gene expression, and diminution in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were also reported. Moreover, neuroinflammatory markers, such as Interleukin 6 (Il-6), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α) gene expression, and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence were reduced by UNC0642 treatment. An increase in Nerve growth factor (Ngf), Nerve growth factor inducible (Vgf) gene expression, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Synaptophysin (SYN) were found after UNC0642 treatment. Importantly, a reduction in β-amyloid plaques was also observed. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that the inhibition of the G9a/GLP complex by UNC0642 delivered significant neuroprotective effects in 5XFAD mice, point out G9a/GLP as a new target for AD.
Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women Exposed to Fine Air Pollutants and Acidic Gases: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis

Background: Air pollutants cause endocrine disorders and hormone disruption. The relationship between air pollutants and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) must be carefully investigated using a nationwide cohort. Methods: Data were extracted from two nationwide databases, namely Longitudinal Health Insurance Database and Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database, and analyzed. The study considered a range of data that began on 1 January 2000 and ended on 31 December 2013. Women diagnosed with PCOS were excluded. From the residential data, the study assessed the daily concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and PM2.5 the women were exposed to. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to assess PCOS risk. Results: In total, 91,803 women were enrolled in this study; of those women, 2072 developed PCOS after 12 years of follow-up. The mean daily concentrations of SO2, NOx, NO, NO2, and PM2.5 women were exposed to were 4.25 (±1.44) ppb, 20.41 (±6.65) ppb, 9.25 (±4.36) ppb, 20.99 (±3.33) ppb, and 30.85 (±6.16) μg/m3, respectively. Compared with the first-quartile levels of exposure, the fourth-quartile levels of exposure to SO2, NOx, NO, NO2, and PM2.5 increased PCOS risk by 10.31 times (95% CI = 8.35–12.7), 3.37 times (95% CI = 2.86–3.96), 4.18 times (95% CI = 3.57–4.89), 7.46 times (95% CI = 6.38–8.71), and 3.56 times (95% CI = 3.05–4.15), respectively. Conclusion: Women exposed to a high concentrations of air pollutants, namely SO2, NO, NO2, NOx, and PM2.5, had a high PCOS risk.
Associations between adverse childhood family environments and blood pressure differ between men and women

Background It is unclear how adverse childhood family environments differentially impact adult health outcomes among men and women. This brief communication reports on the independent and joint effects of adverse childhood family environments and sex on indicators of health in adulthood. Methods & Results 213 18-55-year olds reported on their childhood family environment (Risky Families Questionnaire (RFQ); Family Environment Scale (FEStotal)) and their current perceived stress and depressive and anxious affect. Resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were taken during a laboratory visit, and total cortisol output was measured in saliva samples collected at home. Exposure to childhood adversity did not vary by sex. Women had lower SBP, DBP, and total cortisol output, but higher HR, than men (ps < .05). Sex moderated the association between childhood family environment and SBP (RFQ: B = -.316; SE = .120; p = .009; FEStotal: B = -.274; SE = .117; p = .021) and DBP (FEStotal: B = -.193; SE = .094; p = .041), such that exposure to greater childhood adversity was linked to lower BP in women only. Results were largely unchanged after adjusting for concurrent perceived stress and depressive and anxious affect. Separate effects of individual FES subscales are also discussed. Conclusions Contrary to expectations, exposure to adverse childhood family environments was associated with lower resting BP among women, perhaps indicative of basal cardiovascular hypoactivation, whereas early adversity was not linked to BP among men.
Activation of TCR Vδ1+ and Vδ1−Vδ2− γδ T Cells upon Controlled Infection with Plasmodium falciparum in Tanzanian Volunteers

Key Points Frequencies of CD38+PD-1+ TCR Vδ1 and Vδx cells increase after malaria infection. CD38+PD1+ TCR Vδ1 cells are oligoclonal, as shown by single-cell CDR3δ analysis. TCR Vδ1 cells show long-term phenotypic alterations after blood-stage parasitemia. Our understanding of the human immune response to malaria remains incomplete. Clinical trials using whole-sporozoite-based vaccination approaches such as the Sanaria PfSPZ Vaccine, followed by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) to assess vaccine efficacy offer a unique opportunity to study the immune response during Plasmodium falciparum infection. Diverse populations of T cells that are not restricted to classical HLA (unconventional T cells) participate in the host response during Plasmodium infection. Although several populations of unconventional T cells exist, the majority of studies focused on TCR Vγ9Vδ2 cells, the most abundant TCR γδ cell population in peripheral blood. In this study, we dissected the response of three TCR γδ cell subsets and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in healthy volunteers immunized with PfSPZ Vaccine and challenged by CHMI using Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge. Using a flow cytometry-based unbiased analysis followed by T cell cloning, several findings were made. Whereas major ex vivo alterations were not detectable after immunization with PfSPZ Vaccine, TCR Vδ2, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells expanded after asexual blood-stage parasitemia induced by CHMI. CHMI, but not vaccination, also induced the activation of TCR Vδ1 and Vδ1−Vδ2− γδ T cells. The activated TCR Vδ1 cells were oligoclonal, suggesting clonal expansion, and upon repeated CHMI, showed diminished response, indicating long-term alterations induced by blood-stage parasitemia. Some TCR Vδ1 clones recognized target cells in the absence of parasite-derived Ags, thus suggesting recognition of self-molecules. These findings reveal the articulate participation of different populations of unconventional T cells to P. falciparum infection.
Young offenders’ perceptions of their experiences

This report summarises the main findings from a new study of the experiences of young offenders caught up in the youth justice system. The project was split into two parts: (i) a literature review; and (ii) a qualitative empirical study consisting of interviews with 37 young offenders from four separate Youth Offending Teams (YOTs), interviews with their youth justice professionals and examination of their case files.
Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia

The Solimões Formation is a widespread lithological unit that was deposited during the Neogene throughout northwestern Brazil, southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia. As a result of the Brazilian project Carvão no Alto Solimões, a drill core was recovered from this formation, of which the 1-AS-33-AM section is evaluated for its ostracod biostratigraphy. Analyses of the material from the municipality of Atalaia do Norte, State of Amazonas, identified 12 ostracod species, most of which were attributed to the genus Cyprideis. The stratigraphic distribution of these species led us to propose a biostratigraphic zonation that integrates previous results based on ostracods for the Solimões Formation from Colombia and Peru. Three biozones were identified: the Cyprideis caraionae Range Zone; the Cyprideis multiradiata Range Zone; and the Cyprideis sulcosigmoidalis Latest Occurrence Interval Zone. Stratotypes are defined for each of these zones.
New Fossil Remains of Artiodactyla from Dhok Pathan Formation, Middle Siwaliks of Punjab, Pakistan

Omer Draz1, Xijun Ni2, Khizar Samiullah1,*, Riffat Yasin1, Rana Mehroz Fazal1, Sakeela Naz1, Saleem Akhtar1, Mahpara Gillani1 and Muzammil Ejaz1 1Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Beijing, China Article Information Received 28 October 2018 Revised 11 February 2019 Accepted 13 March 2019 Available online 29 November 2019
Population Structure of Blue Sheep (Pseudios nayaur) in Shimshal Valley Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan

Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2* 1Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2Snow Leopard Trust, Pakistan Program, Islamabad, Pakistan 3College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P. R. China. Article Information Received 19 September 2018 Revised 22 June 2019 Accepted 02 August 2019 Available online 22 November 2019
Corporate Liquidity and Real Investments

This paper examines the effect of a firm’s liquidity holdings on its real investments and its impact on broader outcomes. I exploit the regulation-driven increase in the supply of wealth management products (WMPs) – deposit alternatives issued in the shadow banking sector – as a shifter of liquidity holdings by Chinese firms. I find that an increase in corporate liquidity leads to a sharp reduction in capital and R&D expenditures by firms. Using exogenous variation in banks’ WMP supply induced by regulation, I argue that the effect of corporate liquidity holdings on real investments is causal. I find the reduction in real investments leads to a decrease in firm-level TFP, patent application, primary business revenue, and employment. Aggregating firm-level responses at the regional level in a difference-in-difference setting that uses the same regulatory shock suggests that the growth of corporate liquidity holdings has a negative impact on local economic outcomes. Cities more exposed to banks that increased their supply of WMPs exhibit slower capital and consumption growth. My findings suggest that a firm’s liquidity holding decisions have a direct impact on its real investments and broader economic activities. ∗Stanford Graduate School of Business. Email: yzhao15@stanford.edu. I am very grateful to my advisors Amit Seru (principal advisor), Joshua Rauh, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Shai Bernstein and Laura Blattner for their constant support and guidance. For helpful discussions, I thank Claudia Robles-Garcia, Darrell Duffie, Greg Buchak, Hanno Lustig, Jeffrey Zwiebel, Jonathan Berk, Paul Pfleiderer and participants at the Stanford Finance Ph.D. seminar.
Position Mining Algorithm Based on Massive Trajectory Data

The important position refers to the main sites of activities in the daily life of people, such as the residence and workplace. The log automatically generated by the mobile phones throughaccess to the base station is also an important data source for the user behavior pattern mining, for example, the identification of the important position. However, the relevant work is faced with many challenges, including the massive volume of the trajectory data, the low precision of the positionand the diversity of the mobile phone users. For this purpose, a general solution framework is put forward to improve the availability of the trajectory data. The framework includes a filter module that is based on state, which has improved the availability of data, as well as an important position mining module. Based on this framework, two kinds of distributed mining algorithms have been designed: FQM and AXM, and optimization is carried out from three aspects: (1) Make use of the fusion technology for the multivariate data, so as to improve the precision of the results. (2) The identification algorithm for the non-working population is put forward; (3) The identification algorithm for the night working population is put forward; and the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, the proposed algorithms are of relatively high execution efficiency and scalability, with higher precision.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc Application on Growth and Yield Attributes of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under Rainfed Condition

A field experiment was carried out during Kharif season 2012 at the Agricultural Farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur to study the effect of phosphorus and zinc application on growth, yield attributes and yield of pearl millet. On experimental data basis significant improvements were recorded in growth attributes as plant height, number of tillers per plant and dry matter accumulation and yield attributes as pod length, grain and straw yield and harvest index of pearl millet. Phosphorus and zinc level significantly increased the plant height, the maximum plant height (73.83, 165.27, 167.93 and 170.33 cm) was recorded due to application of 30 kg phosphorus and 20 zinc kg ha at 25, 50, 75 DAS and at maturity stage. The maximum (2066.67 & 4443.23 kg ha) grain and straw yield recorded with application of 30 kg phosphorus and 20 kg zinc ha while minimum (1599.33 &3256.67 kg ha) were recorded in control, respectively. The application dose of 30 kg phosphorus and 20 zinc kg ha treatment have shown 15%, 6% and 23 % increase in grain yield over 10 kg phosphorus and 20 zinc kg ha, 20 kg phosphorus and 20 zinc kg ha and control, respectively.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A different place to different people

The ﬁeld of neighbourhood effects studies on individual socio-economic outcomes has two main shortcomings. Most studies (i) ignore the impact of the neighbourhood on the duration of inactivity and timing of entering the labour market and, (ii) disregard the heterogeneity of these neighbourhood effects for different household conﬁgurations over the life course. Yet, it is likely that the neighbourhood inﬂuences its residents in heteroge-neous ways. This study analyses the differential impact of the neighbourhood on the individual transition rates from inactivity to work from a life course perspective. It applies a discrete time event history analysis with unique individual-level population panel data from 2004 to 2011 in the Netherlands, covering a random sample of over 30 , 000 individuals with changes in employment status, household position, and neighbourhoods over time. The models suggest that residing in a deprived neighbourhood only hampers the transition to work for women, above and beyond their individual characteristics and household resources, as well as that this association hinges on their household composition: our ﬁndings show that only for partnered mothers with the youngest child below 4 years and single mothers with the youngest child between 4 and 12 years a higher level of neighbourhood deprivation results in a statistically signiﬁcant reduction in the odds of making the transition to work. These conditional neighbourhood effects reveal unex-plored mechanisms and generate different kinds of policy implications from the ones we usually see.