Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Butterfly in a Cocoon, Understanding the Origin and Morphology of Globular Cluster Streams: The Case of GD-1

Tidally disrupted globular cluster (GC) streams are usually observed, and therefore perceived, as narrow, linear, and one-dimensional structures in the 6D phase space. Here, we show that the GD-1 stellar stream, which is the tidal debris of a disrupted GC, possesses a secondary diffuse and extended stellar component (∼100 pc wide) around it, detected at the >5σ confidence level. Similar morphological properties are seen in synthetic streams that are produced from star clusters that are formed within dark matter sub-halos and then accrete onto a massive host galaxy. This lends credence to the idea that the progenitor of the highly retrograde GD-1 stream was originally formed outside of the Milky Way in a now defunct dark satellite galaxy. We deem that in future studies, this newly found cocoon component may serve as a structural hallmark to distinguish between the in situ and ex situ (accreted) formed GC streams.
Do Filling Defects of the Vestibule Represent a Neuroradiological Marker for Congenital Cytomegalovirus? A Retrospective Case Series

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiological marker(s) of the inner ear can be detected in congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) patients with severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: A retrospective imaging review of confirmed cCMV paediatric patients that had undergone consecutive cochlear implantation was performed at a tertiary hospital. Available pre- and postoperative imaging was examined, and abnormalities of the labyrinth were catalogued by a consultant neuroradiologist in the study group and control group. Results: Twenty-eight paediatric patients with cCMV having undergone cochlear implantation were identified between the ages of 1–15 years (mean 4.7 years) at the time of implantation. Increased density of the vestibule on computed tomography (CT) or filling defects of the vestibule on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were identified in 11 and 4 patients, respectively, of the 24 in the case series. No filling defects were identified in any of the 48 CT and MRI control group. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a potential novel radiological finding of the inner ear of patients with cCMV. With more research, greater onus placed on MRI and CT for inner ear assessment may facilitate early detection and treatment for patients at risk of significant hearing loss. Further prospective studies in this area will help to validate radiological markers in order to establish a comprehensive inner ear classification system for neuroradiological features in cCMV.
Ginkgo biloba Extract Stimulates Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

Smaller adipocytes are related to the reversal of metabolic disorders, suggesting that molecules that can act in the adipogenesis pathway are of great interest. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) in modulating the differentiation in preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated for 7 days into adipocytes without (control group) and with GbE at 1.0 mg/mL. Lipid content and gene expression were analyzed on day 7 (D7) by Oil Red O staining and PCR Array Gene Expression. Western blotting analysis of the key adipogenesis markers was evaluated during the differentiation process at days 3 (D3), 5 (D5), and 7 (D7). GbE increased lipid content and raised the gene expression of the main adipogenesis markers. Key proteins of the differentiation process were modulated by GbE, since C/EBPβ levels were decreased, while C/EBPα levels were increased at D7. Regarding the mature adipocytes’ markers, GbE enhanced the levels of both FABP4 at D5, and perilipin at D3 and D5. In summary, the present findings showed that GbE modulated the adipogenesis pathway suggesting that the treatment could accelerate the preadipocyte maturation, stimulating the expression of mature adipocyte proteins earlier than expected.
Numerical simulation and experimental study of gas–liquid two-phase flow pattern of hydrodynamic retarder

The internal flow of hydrodynamic retarder is a three-dimensional, complex, viscous, and unstable gas–liquid two-phase flow. The importance of numerical simulation of a hydrodynamic retarder has been paid attention to, but the research on the two-phase flow pattern of the retarder is rarely. Flow pattern diagnosis plays an important role in the study of two-phase flow because the premise of establishing the mathematical model of the two-phase flow is to accurately determine the flow structure of the flow system. Based on the numerical simulation and experimental research, this study found the corresponding relationship between the two-phase flow distribution inside the hydrodynamic retarder and the filling rate (expressed as “q”). The result shows that, when q = 0.1–0.2, the liquid in the working chamber is less. Under the action of centrifugal force, the liquid mainly gets distributed in the outer ring of the circulating circle, forming a laminar flow. When q = 0.3–0.4, the flow pattern of the gas–liquid two-phase flow changes from the laminar flow to slug flow. When q = 0.5–0.9, with a further increase in the filling ratio, the flow becomes a dispersed bubble flow. This paper provides an effective method for the analysis and identification of the two-phase flow pattern of a hydrodynamic retarder.
Inverse magnetic catalysis induced by sphalerons

The recently discovered inverse magnetic catalysis around the critical temperature indicates that some important information is missing in our current understanding of conventional chiral dynamics of QCD, which is enhanced by the magnetic field. In this work, we provide a mechanism to explain that the inverse magnetic catalysis around T-c is induced by sphalerons. At high temperatures, sphaleron transitions between distinct classical vacua cause an asymmetry in the chiral number density due to the axial anomaly of QCD. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, the chiral imbalance is enhanced and destroys the pairings between the different chiralities, which naturally lowers the critical temperature of the chiral phase transition for increasing magnetic field. The inverse magnetic catalysis at finite baryon density and the critical end point in the presence of a strong magnetic field is also explored in this work.
Retention and marginal integrity of CAD/CAM fabricated crowns adhesively cemented to titanium base abutments - influence of bonding system and restorative material.

PURPOSE To assess the influence of bonding system and restorative material on the marginal integrity and pull-off forces of monolithic all-ceramic crowns bonded to titanium base (Ti-base) abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 108 Ti-bases were sandblasted and divided into 9 experimental groups (n = 12 each) according to the combination of crown material (polymer-infiltrated ceramic network [PI], lithium disilicate [LD], and zirconia [ZI]) and bonding system (Multilink Hybrid Abutment [mh], PANAVIA V5 [pv], RelyX Ultimate [ru]), with their respective primers. After bonding the crowns to the Ti-base abutments, the restorations were screw-retained on implants and thermomechanically aged (1,200,000 cycles, 49 N, 1.67 Hz; 5°C to 55°C). Marginal integrity and bonding failure were evaluated under a light microscope, and pull-off forces (N) were calculated. Chi-square tests for marginal integrity, as well as one-way and two-way ANOVA for the pull-off forces, were applied (α = .05). RESULTS PI presented higher marginal integrity than LD (P = .023). The bonding system pv revealed higher marginal integrity than mh (P = .005) and ru (P = .029). Differences in pull-off forces were found between restorative material and resin cement (P < .001), with the highest values for ZI + ru (598 ± 192 N), PI + pv (545 ± 114 N), LD + mh (532 ± 116 N), and PI + ru (528 ± 81 N). Specimens with marginal integrity revealed higher pull-off forces than those with alteration (P = .006). Specimens presenting bonding failures (micromovements) showed lower pull-off forces than those without bonding failures (P < .001). CONCLUSION The tested CAD/CAM materials show favorable bonding performances with different bonding systems; nevertheless, a specific bonding system has to be recommended for each restorative material.
Toward an Increased Understanding of the Singularity Expansion Method.

Abstract : Four separate efforts related to the singularity expansion method (SEM) are described in this report. Two of the efforts deal with acoustic scattering and two deal with electromagnetic scattering. The rationale for treating acoustic scattering is that useful inferences can be drawn from the results obtained to enhance our understanding of electromagnetic scattering. The first acoustic scattering effort was to establish that important theoretical results valid for electromagnetic SEM are also valid for scalar (acoustic) SEM. In the process of accomplishing this task, an interesting relationship was established between the interior Dirichlet and exterior Neumann problem. This relationship is viewed as the scalar analogue of the pseudosymmetric argument developed for electromagnetic SEM. The remaining scalar scattering effort consisted of an additional theoretical development that established the relationship between scalar SEM theory and a prominent scattering theory. A by-product of the second effort is a formal proof that SEM poles are simple. One of the two electromagnetic SEM subjects treated in this report is a continued study of an old question concerning the class of coupling coefficient issue that exists in electromagnetic SEM. The remaining subject is a numerical study that demonstrates the dependence of the numerically determined electromagnetic SEM pole locations on aspects of the procedure employed to find them. (Author)
Improving gravitational-wave parameter estimation using Gaussian process regression

Folding uncertainty in theoretical models into Bayesian parameter estimation is necessary in order to make reliable inferences. A general means of achieving this is by marginalizing over model uncertainty using a prior distribution constructed using Gaussian process regression (GPR). As an example, we apply this technique to the measurement of chirp mass using (simulated) gravitational-wave signals from binary black holes that could be observed using advanced-era gravitational-wave detectors. Unless properly accounted for, uncertainty in the gravitational-wave templates could be the dominant source of error in studies of these systems. We explain our approach in detail and provide proofs of various features of the method, including the limiting behavior for high signal-to-noise, where systematic model uncertainties dominate over noise errors. We find that the marginalized likelihood constructed via GPR offers a significant improvement in parameter estimation over the standard, uncorrected likelihood both in our simple one-dimensional study, and theoretically in general. We also examine the dependence of the method on the size of training set used in the GPR; on the form of covariance function adopted for the GPR, and on changes to the detector noise power spectral density.
Magnetic Field Amplification in Supernova Remnants

Based on the new findings on the turbulent dynamo in Xu & Lazarian, we examine the magnetic field amplification in the context of supernova remnants. Due to the strong ion-neutral collisional damping in the weakly ionized interstellar medium, the dynamo in the preshock turbulence remains in the damping kinematic regime, which leads to a linear-in-time growth of the magnetic field strength. The resultant magnetic field structure enables effective diffusion upstream and shock acceleration of cosmic rays to energies above the “knee. ” Differently, the nonlinear dynamo in the postshock turbulence leads to a linear-in-time growth of the magnetic energy due to the turbulent magnetic diffusion. Given a weak initial field strength in the postshock region, the magnetic field saturates at a significant distance from the shock front as a result of the inefficiency of the nonlinear dynamo. This result is in a good agreement with existing numerical simulations and well explains the X-ray spots detected far behind the shock front.
Management strategies in clival and craniovertebral junction chordomas: a 29-year experience.

OBJECTIVE Chordomas represent one of the most challenging subsets of skull base and craniovertebral junction (CVJ) tumors to treat. Despite extensive resection followed by proton-beam radiation therapy, the recurrence rate remains high, highlighting the importance of developing efficient treatment strategies. In this study, the authors present their experience in treating clival and CVJ chordomas over a 29-year period. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective study of clival and CVJ chordomas that were surgically treated at their institution from 1991 to 2020. This study focuses on three aspects of the management of these tumors: the factors influencing the extent of resection (EOR), the predictors of survival, and the outcomes of the endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) compared with open approaches (OAs). RESULTS A total of 265 surgical procedures were performed in 210 patients, including 123 OAs (46.4%) and 142 EEAs (53.6%). Tumors that had an intradural extension (p = 0.03), brainstem contact (p = 0.005), cavernous sinus extension (p = 0.004), major artery encasement (p = 0.01), petrous apex extension (p = 0.003), or high volume (p = 0.0003) were significantly associated with a lower EOR. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 52.1% and 75.1%, respectively. Gross-total resection and Ki-67 labeling index < 6% were considered to be independent prognostic factors of longer PFS (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.003, respectively) and OS (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). Postoperative radiation therapy correlated independently with a longer PFS (p = 0.006). Previous surgical treatment was associated with a lower EOR (p = 0.01) and a higher rate of CSF leakage after EEAs (p = 0.02) but did not have significantly lower PFS and OS compared with primary surgery. Previously radiation therapy correlated with a worse outcome, with lower PFS and OS (p = 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). EEAs were more frequently used in patients with upper and middle clival tumors (p = 0.002 and p < 0.0001, respectively), had a better rate of EOR (p = 0.003), and had a lower risk of de novo neurological deficit (p < 0.0001) compared with OAs. The overall rate of postoperative CSF leakage after EEAs was 14.8%. CONCLUSIONS This large study showed that gross-total resection should be attempted in a multidisciplinary skull base center before providing radiation therapy. EEAs should be considered as the gold-standard approach for upper/middle clival lesions based on the satisfactory surgical outcome, but OAs remain important tools for large complex chordomas.
Intelligent Mechatronics in the Measurement, Identification, and Control of Water Level Systems: A Review and Experiment

In this paper, a unique overview of intelligent machines and mathematical methods designed and developed to measure and to control the water level in industrial or laboratory setups of coupled and cascaded configurations of tanks is made. A systematized and concise overview is made of the mechatronic systems used in the measurement, identification, and control of the water level enumerates, the software used in the associated scientific research, modern techniques and sensors, and mathematical models, as well as analysis and control strategies. The broad overview of applications of the last decade is finalized by a proposition of a control system that is based on a parameter estimation of a new experimental setup, an integral dynamic model of the system, a modern mechatronic machine such as the Watson-Marlow peristaltic pump, the Anderson Negele sensor of level, the NI cRIO-9074 controller, and LabVIEW virtual instrumentation. The results of real experimental tests, exploiting a hybrid proportional control, being improved by a numerically predicted water level, are obtained using a few tools, i.e., the static characteristics, the classical step response, and a new pyramid-shaped step function of a discontinuous path-following reference input, being introduced to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the regulation of the level height.
Valley‐Hall Photonic Topological Insulators with Dual‐Band Kink States

Extensive researches have revealed that valley, a binary degree of freedom (DOF), can be an excellent candidate of information carrier. Recently, valley DOF is introduced into photonic systems, and several valley‐Hall photonic topological insulators (PTIs) are experimentally demonstrated. However, in the previous valley‐Hall PTIs, topological kink states only work at a single frequency band, which limits potential applications in multiband waveguides, filters, communications, and so on. To overcome this challenge, here a valley‐Hall PTI, where the topological kink states exist at two separated frequency bands, is experimentally demonstrated in a microwave substrate‐integrated circuitry. Both the simulated and experimental results demonstrate the dual‐band valley‐Hall topological kink states are robust against the sharp bends of the internal domain wall with negligible intervalley scattering. This work may pave the way for multichannel substrate‐integrated photonic devices with high efficiency and high capacity for information communications and processing.
Interlanguage correspondences and their manifestation in receptive bilinguals

The current paper presents the results of a qualitative analysis of speech errors made during the L2 picture-naming task in the context of two mutually intelligible languages. The task was performed by native speakers of Slovak and its target language was Czech. The errors demonstrate that production is partly based on the so-called interlanguage analogies and interiorized rules derived from them. Such issues have been rather overlooked in the previous literature. Our qualitative findings offer a viable starting point for formulating novel hypotheses for quantitative studies on lexical access in bilinguals. The evidence discussed here shows that examining less commonly studied languages in their specific contexts can substantially enrich the research that has traditionally focused on better studied languages, such as English, French, German or Dutch.
Physical and magnetic properties of Ba(Fe1-xMnx)(2)As-2 single crystals

Single crystals of Ba(Fe1 xRux)2As2 ,x 0:2 and continues through the highest doping levels we report. The superconducting region is dome like, with maximum Tc ( 16:5 K) found around x 0:29. A phase diagram of temperature versus doping, based on electrical transport and magnetization measurements, has been constructed and compared to those of the Ba(Fe1 xTMx)2As2 (TM=Co, Ni, Rh, Pd) series as well as to the temperature-pressure phase diagram for pure BaFe2As2. Suppression of the structural/magnetic phase transition as well as the appearance of superconductivity is much more gradual in Ru doping, as compared to Co, Ni, Rh and Pd doping, and appears to have more in common with BaFe2As2 tuned with pressure; by plotting TS=Tm and Tc as a function of changes in unit cell dimensions, we nd that changes in the c=a ratio, rather than changes in c, a or V, unify the T (p) and T (x) phase diagrams for BaFe2As2 and Ba(Fe1 xRux)2As2 respectively.
Self-Reported Alcohol Abuse and the Desire to Receive Mental Health Counselling Predict Suicidal Thoughts/Thoughts of Self-Harm among Female Residents of Fort McMurray

Suicidal ideation and thoughts of self-harm continue to be challenging public health problems. It is presently unknown what the prevalence and correlates of suicidal thoughts and self-harm are in female residents of Fort McMurray, a city that has endured wildfires, flooding, and the COVID-19 pandemic in the last five years. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and thoughts of self-harm among female residents of Fort McMurray. A cross-sectional study using an online survey questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical information from the residents of Fort McMurray between 24 April and 2 June 2021. Suicidal ideation and thoughts of self-harm among females were assessed using the ninth question of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, a validated screening tool used to assess depression symptoms. Likely generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and low resilience were measured using standardized rating scales. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 25 using chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among Fort McMurray residents, 249 accessed the online survey, while 186 ultimately completed it, yielding a survey completion rate of 74.7%. Of these, 159 (85%) were females. After controlling for other variables in the regression model, respondents who expressed a desire to receive mental health counselling were more than seven times more likely to report suicidal ideation and thoughts of self-harm compared to the respondents who did not desire to receive mental health counselling (OR: 7.29; 95% CI: 1.19–44.58). Similarly, respondents who reported having abused alcohol in the past year were nearly four times more likely to report suicidal ideation or thoughts of self-harm compared to the respondents who said they had not abused alcohol in the past year (OR: 3.91; 95% CI: 1.05–14.57). A high prevalence of suicidal thoughts and thoughts of self-harm were reported among female residents of Fort McMurray. Timely access to adequate mental health support should be offered to female residents of communities impacted by multiple natural disasters, particularly residents who self-report alcohol abuse or desire to receive mental health counselling.
Instabilities in Space and Laboratory Plasmas: MHD instabilities

Preface Plasma formulary Part I. Introduction To Plasma Theory: 1. Introduction 2. The response of an unmagnetized plasma Part II. Instabilities In Unmagnetized Plasmas: 3. Reactive instabilities 4. Kinetic instabilities 5. Particle motions in waves 6. Weak turbulence theory 7. Nonlinear instabilities and strong turbulence Part III. Collision-Dominated Magnetized Plasmas: 8. Magnetohydrodynamics 9. MHD instabilities Part IV. Instabilities In Magnetized Collisionless Plasmas: 10. Dispersion in a magnetized plasma 11. Electron cyclotron maser emission 12. Instabilities in warm and in inhomogeneous plasmas 13. Instabilities due to anisotropic fast particles Appendices Bibliographical notes References List of commonly used symbols Author index Subject index.
Electron dynamics by inelastic X-ray scattering

1. Introductory Survey 2. Non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering Regime of Characteristic valence electron excitations 3. Non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering: Regime of core-electron excitations (X-ray Raman scattering) 4. The Compton scattering regime 5. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) 6. Theoretical foundation