Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response : letter to the editor by Al-Azri and Al-Maniri

Firstly, the authors would like to thank the editor for the opportunity to respond to Dr Al-Azri’s and Dr Al-Maniri’s letter. Secondly, while the current authors also accept that deterrence-based approaches should act as only one corner-stone of a suite of interventions and public policy initiatives designed to improve road safety, deterrence-based approaches have nonetheless consistently proven to be a valuable resource to improve road safety. Dr Al-Azri and Dr Al-Maniri reinforce their assertion about the limited utility of deterrence by citing drink driving research, and the issue of drink driving is particularly relevant within the current context given that the problem of driving after drinking has historically been addressed through deterrence-based approaches. While the effectiveness of deterrence-based approaches to reduce drink driving will always be dependent upon a range of situational and contextual factors (including police enforcement practices, cultural norms, etc), the utilisation of this approach has proven particularly effective within Queensland, Australia. For example, a relatively recent comprehensive review of Random Breath Testing in Queensland demonstrated that this initiative not only had a deterrent impact upon self-reported intentions to drink and drive, but was also found to have significantly reduced alcohol-related fatalities in the state. However, the authors agree that deterrence-based approaches can be particularly transient and thus require constant “topping up” not least through sustained public reinforcement, which was clearly articulated in the seminal work by Homel.
Dol net fishery off Nawabunder (Gujarat)

The 'dol' net is' one of the most important gear used in strong tidal current along the coasts of Maharashtra and Gujarat. The Bombay duck, Harpodon nehereus (Ham) is the main constituent of the catch so much that the 'dol' net fishery has become synonymous with Bombay duck fishery. However, a detailed catch composition revealed that Bombay duck forms 68.6-77% of the total 'dol' net landings along the Saurashtra coast
Machine-Learning-Aided Prediction of Flexural Strength and ASR Expansion for Waste Glass Cementitious Composite

Waste glass (WG) is unsustainable due to its nonbiodegradable property. However, its main ingredient is silicon dioxide, which can be utilised as a supplementary cementitious material. Before reusing WG, the flexural strength (FS) and alkali–silica reaction (ASR) expansion of WG concrete are two essential properties that must be investigated. This study produced mortar containing activated glass powder using mechanical, chemical, and mechanical–chemical (combined) approaches. The results showed that mortar containing 30% WG powder using the combined method was optimal for improving the FS and mitigating the ASR expansion. The microstructure analysis was implemented to explore the activation effect on the glass powder and mortar. Moreover, a random forest (RF) model was proposed with hyperparameters tuned by beetle antennae search (BAS), aiming at predicting FS and ASR expansion precisely. A large database was established from the experimental results based on 549 samples prepared for the FS test and 183 samples produced for the expansion test. The BAS-RF model presented high correlation coefficients for both FS (0.9545) and ASR (0.9416) data sets, showing much higher accuracy than multiple linear regression and logistic regression. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to rank the variables based on importance. Apart from the curing time, the particle granularity and content of WG were demonstrated to be the most sensitive variable for FS and expansion, respectively.
Benchmarking of data predictive control in a real-life apartment during heating season

Model Predictive Control is an energy efficient climate control strategy in buildings. However, the effort associated with physics-based modelling seems to prevent widespread application in residential buildings. Applying machine-learning algorithms on historical data promises efficient generation of predictive models for control. In a recent experimental study, Data Predictive Control based on random forests and linear models outperformed a baseline controller during cooling season. In this paper, the approach is benchmarked against hysteresis control and conventional Model Predictive Control based on an RC-network model during heating season. Data Predictive Control shows promising results in terms of energy consumption and thermal comfort.
Investigation To Enhance Load Monitoring For Resistance Training Exercises

To optimise design and prescription of resistance training for elite athletes it is desirable to quantify their external training load. Volume load (barbell mass x repetition count) is the most widely used method, and despite its practical feasibility, may not be appropriately related to underlying mechanical principles, and does not account for displacement of body mass. The aim of the study was to develop the scientific basis of commonly utilised resistance training quantification methods and propose a novel method, system mass volume load (SMVL). To address this aim, change in potential energy (ΔPE) was proposed as the mechanical underpinning of volume load and SMVL. The ΔPE of body mass was included in SMVL without the need for direct measurement by deriving a novel variable termed body mass factor. Ten experienced resistance trained males performed 33 repetitions of the back squat and hang clean exercises on separate days with body segment and barbell kinematic data captured using CODA Motion scanners. Variation and systematic bias of barbell displacement, body segment ΔPE and body mass factor were determined between different barbell mass conditions (5 single repetitions at 70, 82 and 92 % of one repetition maximum) and over three sets of six consecutive repetitions (at 82 % of one repetition maximum). The degree of error in estimating the ΔPE of the whole system was also calculated to determine the accuracy of SMVL method. For the back squat, estimation of the ΔPE of the whole system with known barbell displacement created an error of 0 ± 8 J (0.0 ± 0.7 %) and demonstrated an acceptable degree of accuracy. When barbell displacement was assumed constant, as required for the SMVL method, error was recorded as 2.5 ± 3.5 %, representing an acceptable degree of accuracy for some individuals. Consequently, it is recommended to assess an individual’s variation and systematic bias between barbell masses if direct measurements are not going to be routinely taken from the back squat. For the hang clean, strong significant bias in barbell displacement between conditions indicated use of the SMVL method with this exercise was not valid.
Gothenburg 2010, A Workshop on Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics

The Gothenburg 2010 Workshop on Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics was held in Gothenburg on 8-10 December, 2010. It was the sixth in a series of workshops held alternatively in Gothenburg and Tokyo since 1980. The purpose has been to assess the performance of contemporary CFD codes used in hydrodynamics. In the present workshop three hulls of different types were used and 18 test cases using these hulls were specified by the organizers. 33 groups carried out computations for one or more cases and reported the results to the organizers who compiled the results. The present Volume II of the Proceedings contains a description of the hulls and test cases, the complete set of computed results and the papers on the computations submitted by each group. Volume I, published after the workshop, contains an introduction to the series of workshops, reviews of the submitted results written by the organizers and a summary of discussions at the workshop. There is also CD containing detailed information about each of the participating methods.
APPROACH TO THE VOID FRACTION DISTRIBUTION WITHIN A HYDRAULIC JUMP IN A TYPIFIED USBR II STILLING BASIN

This research constitutes a first approach to analyze the void fraction distribution in a hydraulic jump taking place within a typified USBR II stilling basin. In order to carry out this task both, a physical and a numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the case study have been developed. Measurements of the void fraction have been taken in different profiles throughout the hydraulic jump for both models and then, a comparison of the results obtained has been made, taking also into account data from other authors regarding void fraction distribution in classical hydraulic jumps. The results of this comparison show that the physical model, in which an optical fibre probe has been used for the experimental campaign, is able to completely reproduce the aeration of the hydraulic jump, whereas the numerical model misses to simulate certain aeration mechanisms. The models developed also provide information on how the energy dissipation devices from the USBR II stilling basin affect the void fraction distribution within the jump, which in turn can be useful for the adaptation of dams to higher discharges than those considered in their design.
Investigating Different Road Safety Implications of Two TDM Policy Measures: Fuel-Cost Increase and Teleworking

Travel demand management (TDM) consists of a variety of policy measures that affect the transportation system’s effectiveness by changing travel behavior. Although the primary objective to implement such TDM strategies is not to improve traffic safety, their impact on traffic safety should not be neglected. The main purpose of this study is to investigate differences in the traffic safety consequences of two TDM scenarios; a fuel-cost increase scenario (i.e. increasing the fuel price by 20%) and a teleworking scenario (i.e. 5% of the working population engages in teleworking). Since TDM strategies are usually conducted at a geographically aggregated level, crash prediction models (CPMs) that are used to evaluate such strategies should also be developed at an aggregate level. Moreover, given that crash occurrences are often spatially heterogeneous and are affected by many spatial variables, the existence of spatial correlation in the data is also examined. The results indicate the necessity of accounting for the spatial correlation when developing crash prediction models. Therefore, zonal crash prediction models (ZCPMs) within the geographically weighted generalized linear modeling (GWGLM) framework are developed to incorporate the spatial variations in association between the number of crashes (NOCs) (including fatal, severe and slight injury crashes recorded between 2004 and 2007) and a set of explanatory variables. Different exposure, network and socio-demographic variables of 2200 traffic analysis zones (TAZs) in Flanders, Belgium, are considered as predictors of crashes. An activity-based transportation model is adopted to produce exposure metrics. This enables to conduct a more detailed and reliable assessment while TDM strategies are inherently modeled in the activity-based models. In this study, several ZCPMs with different severity levels and crash types are developed to predict the NOCs. The results show considerable traffic safety benefits of conducting both TDM scenarios at an average level. However, there are certain differences when considering changes in NOCs by different crash types.
Correlation between Microstructure and Photovoltaic Performance of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells

Intrinsic polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin films have been prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at a very high excitation frequency (100 MHz) for the development of p–i–n junction solar cells. The correlation between poly-Si microstructure and photovoltaic performance of poly-Si solar cells has been investigated as a function of deposition parameters such as deposition pressure, SiH4 flow rate and SiH4 concentration. It is found that the poly-Si microstructure including crystalline volume fraction, Xc, and crystallographic orientation is closely related to the atomic hydrogen flux during film growth, which is evidenced by plasma diagnostics in the in situ measurement of optical emission spectroscopy. Basically, with an increase in Xc, open circuit voltage tends to decrease, while poly-Si with Xc > 50% and (220) preferential orientation is essential for high short circuit current. Based on these results, the role of poly-Si microstructure in the photovoltaic performance of poly-Si solar cells is discussed.
The Effect of Vane-Blade Spacing on Transonic Turbine Stage Performance

This paper presents the results of a computational study on the effect of axial spacing between the vane and blade rows of a transonic turbine stage. The study was performed on the mid-span section of a high-pressure turbine stage using a quasi-3D, unsteady Navier-Stokes solver that provides a fully interactive vane-blade unsteady flow solution. Three different cases were considered, corresponding to axial spacings of 20%, 40%, and 60% of the vane axial chord. The calculated vane and blade pressure distributions for the 40 percent case were found to compare favorably with experimental measurements acquired in a short-duration shock tunnel. In addition, the analysis shows a marked increase in the amplitude of the unsteady pressure fluctuations on the vane and blade surfaces as the spacing decreases. Time-averaged stage adiabatic efficiency predictions for each case are presented to show the effect of spacing on aerodynamic performance.
Do CEO social connections promote corporate malpractices? Evidence from classification shifting

ABSTRACT This paper examines the effect of CEOs’ external social connections with other executives and directors on classification shifting, a widespread malpractice that inflates core earnings by altering the presentation of income statement line items without affecting bottom-line income. Using a sample of 995 UK listed firms in the period 2005 to 2016 and relying on the assumptions of social capital theory and the rent-extraction perspective, we find that CEOs with a larger number of external connections are more likely to engage in classification shifting. Further results indicate that this phenomenon occurs particularly when well-connected CEOs are local and/or are in the early years of their service. Collectively, the results suggest that social connections promote corporate malpractices that are unlikely to cause reputational losses. Overall, we contribute to the literature by providing evidence that the social capital of the CEO is an important driver of classification shifting.
“It is no big deal!”: Fraud Diamond theory as an explanatory model to understand students’ prevalence and perceptions of severity of academic fraudulent behavior

Academic fraud encompasses a number of different dishonest behaviors, such as cheating on exams, plagiarizing essays or using ghost writers, to name some. Regarding fraudulent academic behavior, little is known on the relationship between students’ perceptions of the severity of such behavior and its prevalence, and whether fraud diamond theory can serve as a framework to explain this phenomenon as it has for other criminal behaviors. We surveyed 1,032 university students and found that the more students reported engaging in academic fraudulent behavior, the less severe they perceived those behaviors to be. The results also showed that motivation, rationalization and capability are important factors in predicting students’ prevalence of academic fraudulent behavior but, and as expected, only rationalization emerged as a predictor of perceived severity, showing that the more students are able to find justifications for the fraudulent behavior, the less severe they perceive those behaviors to be. Implications to higher education are discussed.
Physiological and Biomechanical Aspects of Sprint Skiing

The purpose was to examine skiing velocities, gear choice (G2-7) and cycle rates during a skating sprint time trial (STT) and their relationships to performance, as well as to examine relationships between aerobic power, body composition and maximal skiing velocity versus STT performance. Nine male elite cross-country skiers performed three tests on snow: (1) Maximum velocity test (V (max)) performed using G3 skating, (2) V (max) test performed using double poling (DP) technique and (3) a STT over 1,425 m. Additional measurements of VO(2max) during roller skiing and body composition using iDXA were made. Differential global navigation satellite system data were used for position and velocity and synchronized with video during STT. The STT encompassed a large velocity range (2.9-12.9 m s(-1)) and multiple transitions (21-34) between skiing gears. Skiing velocity in the uphill sections was related to gear selection between G2 and G3. STT performance was most strongly correlated to uphill time (r = 0.92, P < 0.05), the percentage use of G2 (r = -0.72, P < 0.05), and DP V (max) (r = -0.71, P < 0.05). The velocity decrease in the uphills from lap 1 to lap 2 was correlated with VO(2max) (r = -0.78, P < 0.05). V (max) in DP and G3 were related to percent of racing time using G3. In conclusion, the sprint skiing performance was mainly related to uphill performance, greater use of the G3 technique, and higher DP and G3 maximum velocities. Additionally, VO(2max) was related to the ability to maintain racing velocity in the uphills and lean body mass was related to starting velocity and DP maximal speed.
Review of UK urban freight studies

Report produced as part of the Green Logistics project (EPSRC and Department for Transport funded). This report is based on a review of UK studies in which data has been collected to obtain an understanding of road-based urban freight transport activities and patterns of operation. Urban freight remains relatively under researched by comparison with passenger transport both in the UK and worldwide. However, in the UK there have been a number of studies that have attempted to investigate road-based freight operations since the 1960s. But no attempt has been made to draw together the results of these various studies and compare them. This is what is presented in this report. The report has studied the results of 30 UK urban freight studies carried out in the last decade in order to attempt to provide insight into urban freight activities in our towns and cities. It presents this current knowledge about urban freight transport activities in the UK from these studies, and compares the similarities and differences between study findings.
Ground Experiments of Remote Synchronization for Onboard Crystal Oscillator of Quasi-Zenith Satellites - Use of Multiple Positioning Signals for Feedback Control

Abstract : We have developed a new control method for the quasi-zenith satellite (QZS) remote synchronization system for the onboard crystal oscillator (RESSOX). The new method utilizes L1 and L2 positioning signals of the QZS system. We have proved that precise orbit prediction or estimation of delays such as those caused by the ionosphere and troposphere is not necessary to realize RESSOX technology. L1/L2/Ku-band signal delay caused by the ionosphere and other sources is calculated separately using RESSOX feedback control. The results of Ku-band delay are used to generate the appropriate control signal. The results show that synchronization within 2 ns between the ground-site atomic clock and the QZS site is achievable. We also confirmed that the crystal oscillator that has the same specifications as the actual onboard crystal oscillator could be controlled by the same method as the prototype in the test bed.
ACCIDENT "MIGRATION" AFTER REMEDIAL TREATMENT AT ACCIDENT BLACKSPOTS

It can be hypothesized that where an accident blackspot is treated, drivers will be subjected to fewer 'near-misses' at that site, and consequently will be less aware of the need for caution. This reduced awareness may persist for some distance downstream (it may also affect the driver as he approaches the site if he uses the route frequently), and consequently the risk of an accident in the area surrounding the blackspot may be increased. The net effect may be visualized as a 'migration' of accidents from the blackspot toward neighboring sites when the blackspot is treated. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the accident frequencies associated with a sample of treated blackspots and with neighboring sites, and to attempt to detect whether accident migration actually occurred, and if so, to what extent.
Biochemical Monitoring of Sport Training

Part 1 The purpose of biochemical monitoring of training: introduction - necessity and opportunity metabolic adaptation in training. Part 2 Tools for biochemical monitoring of training: metabolites and substrates methodology of hormone studies hormones as tools for training monitoring hermatological and immunilogical indices and water-electrolyte balance. Part 3 Actualization of biochemical monitoring of training: information of training-induced effects evaluating training loads assessing adaptivity changes for optimizing training strategies.
M&A Contracts: Purposes, Types, Regulation, and Patterns of Practice

M&A transactions are governed by contracts that exhibit constrained variation – they are negotiated, yet full of boilerplate, tailored, yet full of patterns and regularities. This paper (a chapter of the Research Handbook on Mergers and Acquisitions, forthcoming) reviews the suite of contracts commonly needed in an M&A transaction, and offers two complementary descriptions of the core “deal contracts” in M&A. The first tracks the customary organization of the contracts themselves, and the second re-analyzes their contents with a new, functional typology derived from the purposes of deal contracts: (1) specification (especially of deal structure, pricing terms, and, in partial acquisitions, the business to be acquired), (2) risk-sharing, (3) process management, (4) control and information sharing, and (5) dispute management. Each description is illustrated by examples from and links to recent, high profile deals, augmented with cross-sectional data from a representative sample of M&A contracts involving U.S. targets. Ways that ownership and regulation shape M&A contracts for U.S. targets are summarized, and data consistent with that summary is presented. Finally, the rapidly growing body of empirical research on the contents and effects of M&A contracts is surveyed. The paper concludes with a brief agenda for future research on M&A contracts.