Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk of motor vehicle collision with cannabis and alcohol use among patients presenting for emergency care

Background : The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between cannabis and alcohol use and motor vehicle collision (MVC) risk among patients in the emergency department (ED). Methods : This was a cross-sectional study of visits to EDs in Denver, CO, Portland, OR, and Sacramento, CA, by drivers who were involved in MVCs and presented with injuries (cases) and non-injured drivers (controls) who presented for medical care. We obtained blood samples and measured delta-9-THC and its metabolites. Alcohol levels were determined by breathalyzer or samples taken in the course of clinical care. Participants completed a research-assistant-administered interview consisting of questions about drug and alcohol use prior to their visit, context of use, and past-year drug and alcohol use. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the association between MVC, and cannabis/alcohol use adjusted for demographic characteristics. We then stratified participants based on levels of cannabis use and calculated the odds of MVC across these levels, first using self-report and then using blood levels for delta-9-THC in separate models. We conducted a case-crossover analysis, using 7-day look-back data to allow each participant to serve as their own control. Sensitivity analyses examined the influence of usual use patterns and driving in a closed (car, truck, van) versus open (motorcycle, motorbike, all-terrain vehicle) vehicle. Results : Cannabis alone was not associated with increased odds of MVC, while acute alcohol use alone, and combined use of alcohol and cannabis were both independently associated with increased odds of MVC. Stratifying by level of self-reported or measured cannabis use, higher levels were not associated with increased risk for MVC, with or without co-use of alcohol; in fact, high self-reported acute cannabis use was associated with decreased odds of MVC (odds ratio [OR] 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–0.65). In the case-crossover analysis, alcohol use alone or in combination with cannabis was associated with increased odds of MVC, while cannabis use was again associated with decreased odds of MVC.
Inequalities in Remote Gig Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Remote gig work provided alternatives to in-person work during the COVID-19 pandemic, but digital inequality literature suggests that such opportunities are not equally available to all. Analyzing a survey of 1,551 U.S. adults in May 2020, we ask how sociodemographic factors and Internet skills relate to performing online work on a piece-rate basis before and during the pandemic. In our sample, the percentage of such workers increased by 16% after the outbreak of COVID-19. This inflow was more likely to be younger, Hispanic, and Asian, and less likely to be suburban residents than those who had already performed gig work previously. This suggests that these groups turned to gig platforms more than they did pre-pandemic, diversifying the pool of gig workers. Overall, however, younger, male, and digitally savvy respondents were more likely to perform remote gig work during the pandemic, suggesting that the gig economy mainly broadened the opportunities available to those from advantaged backgrounds. In line with digital skills literature, Internet savvy remains an obstacle to online labor market participation in the 21st century.
Common ravens disrupt greater sage-grouse lekking behavior in the Great Basin, USA

: Expansion of human enterprise has contributed to increased abundance and distribution of common ravens ( Corvus corax ; ravens) across sagebrush ( Artemisia spp.) ecosystems within western North America. Ravens are highly effective nest predators of greater sage-grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus ; sage-grouse), a species of high conservation concern. Sage-grouse population trends are estimated using count survey data of males attending traditional breeding grounds, known as leks. We sought to investigate associations of ravens to sage-grouse lek sites and document interactions between the sage-grouse and ravens as well as those between sage-grouse and other animals observed around leks. First, we used extensive raven point counts and sage-grouse lek observation data collected across Nevada and California, USA, from 2009–2019 to evaluate spatial associations between sage-grouse and ravens while accounting for other environmental covariates. We found that ravens were more likely to be observed closer to lek sites, especially as leks increased in size. Second, we used a subset of the lek dataset from 2006–2019 to describe behavioral changes of male sage-grouse in the presence of ravens and other predators. Our analysis indicated that ravens are attracted to lek sites and were associated with disrupting lekking sage-grouse by causing flushes or ceasing displaying behaviors. These results suggest that adult and yearling sage-grouse perceive ravens as a reason to alter breeding activity, and ravens may adversely influence their reproduction during the lekking stage. Additionally, standardized techniques to count sage-grouse on leks for population trend analyses could be biased low if raven presence during surveys is not accounted for.
A Novel Trapezoidal Plate Solar Collector: Numeric Simulation Using Simusol Software and Experimental Validation

: In a global warming context, the diversification of the energy matrix is essential for mitigation. Technologies and solar devices have begun to play an important role in this sense, being flat-plate solar collectors the most practical device. On the other hand, numerical modeling and experimental validation are important tools for improving the performance of these technologies. In this work, a trapezoidal solar air heating collector for food drying processes was modeled by using the Simusol open-access software, and experimental validation was performed. This particular shape presents a geometrical novelty since no other similar designs were found into the available literature, even in such application as food drying. Key parameters, such as air temperature, global efficiency, air mass flow, global heat loss coefficient, and useful heat, are determined and discussed. The proposed air collector numerically behaves as expected. The output air temperature reaches about 100 °C, while the peak heat gain is about 900 W, which makes the air heating collector suitable for drying applications. Due to natural convection is the main heat transferring mechanism, low air mass flows were obtained. For the case analyzed here, this last parameter ranges in 0.012–0.016 kg/s for the optimal thermal behavior.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant is as Deadly as Previous Waves After Adjusting for Vaccinations, Demographics, and Comorbidities

The B.1. 1.529 (Omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has previously been reported as more transmissible, but less severe than other SARS-CoV-2 variants. To test this assumption, we linked state-level vaccination data with quality-controlled electronic health records from a large healthcare system, including 13 hospitals, in Massachusetts, USA. We then performed a weighted case-control study to compare risks of hospital admission and mortality across the SARS-CoV-2 waves in over 130,000 COVID patients. Although the unadjusted rates of hospital admission and mortality appeared to be higher in previous waves compared to the Omicron period, after adjusting for confounders including various demographics, Charlson comorbidity index scores, and vaccination status (and holding the healthcare utilization constant), we found that the risks of hospitalization and mortality were nearly identical between periods. Our analysis suggests that the intrinsic severity of the Omicron variant may be as severe as previous variants.
Results in Algebraic Determinedness and an Extension of the Baire Property

In this work, we concern ourselves with particular topics in Polish space theory. We first consider the space A(U) of complex-analytic functions on an open set U endowed with the usual topology of uniform convergence on compact subsets. With the operations of point-wise addition and point-wise multiplication, A(U) is a Polish ring. Inspired by L. Bers' algebraic characterization of the relation of conformality, we show that the topology on A(U) is the only Polish topology for which A(U) is a Polish ring for a large class of U. This class of U includes simply connected regions, simply connected regions excluding a relatively discrete set of points, and other domains of usual interest. One thing that we deduce from this is that, even though C has many different Polish field topologies, as long as it sits inside another Polish ring with enough complex-analytic functions, it must have its usual topology. In a different direction, we show that the bounded complex-analytic functions on the unit disk admits no Polish topology for which it is a Polish ring. We also study the Lie ring structure on A(U) which turns out to be a Polish Lie ring with the usual topology. In this case, we restrict our attention to those domains U that are connected. We extend a result of I. Amemiya to see that the Lie ring structure is determined by the conformal structure of U. In a similar vein to our ring considerations, we see that, again for certain domains U of usual interest, the Lie ring A(U) has a unique Polish topology for which it is a Polish Lie ring. Again, the Lie ring A(U) imposes topological restrictions on C. That is, C must have its usual topology when sitting inside any Polish Lie ring isomorphic to A(U). In the last chapter, we introduce a new ideal of subsets of Polish spaces consisting of what we call residually null sets. From this ideal, we introduce an algebra consisting of what we call R-sets which is consistently a strict extension of the algebra of Baire property sets. We show that the algebra of R-sets is closed under the Alexandrov-Suslin operation and generalize Pettis' Theorem. From this, we provide new automatic continuity results and give a generalization of a result of D. Montgomery which shows that minimal assumptions on the continuity of group operations of an abstract group G with a Polish topology imply that G is actually a Polish group. We also see that many results pertaining to the algebra of Baire property sets generalize to the context of R-sets.
Effect of Dissimilar Leading Edges on the Flow Structures Around a Square Cylinder

In the present study, results of a flow visualization study on the flow around a square cylinder with dissimilar leading edges are presented. The radii of the leading edges of the cylinder ‘r1’ and ‘r2’ are such that the ratio r1/ r2 is systematically varied from 0 to 1. The flow structures around the cylinder with different leading edge radii particularly the vortex shedding mode and mechanism are investigated. For studies with stationary as well as oscillated cylinder cases, the results are taken at a Reynolds number value of 2100. For the oscillated case, a special mechanism is made to oscillate the cylinders at a desired amplitude and frequency. That is, the cylinder undergoes forced oscillation in this case. Results indicate that dissimilar leading edges bring notable changes in the near-wake flow structures of a square cylinder. For the stationary cylinder cases, the vortex formation length decreases with increase in the r1/ r2 ratio. Flow structures are also found to be influenced by the amplitude ratio (amplitude to body size ratio); the higher the amplitude, the larger the size of vortices shed per cycle of cylinder oscillation. In view of marine structures and building sections with similar geometries, the present results carry considerable practical significance.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Crowded Spaces and Anomalies

This paper investigates the relation between crowded trades, those in which many investors hold the same stocks possibly exhausting their liquidity provision, and future stock returns on a set of well-known stock market anomalies. We find that anomaly riskadjusted returns appear to be concentrated among the most (least) crowded stocks for the long-leg (short-leg) portfolio. Moreover, we find that our results remain significant after publication dates. We hypothesize that crowded equity positions in anomaly stocks increase institutional investor’s exposure to crash risk and liquidity risk. Our findings are consistent with this hypothesis and suggest that crowding adds a new consideration to the limits of arbitrage. JEL Classification: G0
Developing Cultural Competence Among Sixth-Grade Students Through Indigenous Knowledge and Place-Based Education

DEVELOPING CULTURAL COMPETENCE AMONG SIXTH-GRADE STUDENTS THROUGH INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND PLACE-BASED EDUCATION by Tyus Roanhorse, Master of Science Utah State University, 2022 Major Advisor: Dr. Maryellen McClain Verdoes Department: Psychology There is a need to develop cultural competence in educational settings. While there is a focus on training K-12 educators to be culturally competent, there is little focus on developing and examining the impact of student cultural competence training. Integrating Indigenous knowledge in an education setting is a unique way to start developing cultural competency by recognizing cross-cultural worldviews and perspectives. This can be done while using place-based education, which links the classroom to the cultural environment that has significant meaning to Indigenous peoples while enriching the learning experience for all students. The current study examines and measures the development of cultural competence among students from a culturally disruptive pedagogy that uses Indigenous knowledge and a diverse place-based field experience. Participants were sixth-grade students (N= 39) from an elementary school in northern Utah. The students participated in a field experience to the San Juan region located on the boarder of the Navajo Nation and participated in Indigenous knowledge lessons. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the development of cultural competency across three time points throughout the school year. Findings showed significant differences in student
Probing the Role of the Ventral Hippocampus to Nucleus Probing the Role of the Ventral Hippocampus to Nucleus Accumbens Pathway in Individual Differences in Appetitive Accumbens Pathway in Individual Differences in Appetitive Learning Learning

A critical issue in substance abuse research is why some individuals can actively use addictive drugs and quit with relative ease, while others may only try a small dose before becoming life-long dependent (Fitz-patrick et al., 2016). The use of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) may shed light on individual differences in learning behaviors and why some individuals seem to be more prone to addiction and relapse than others. Using stereotaxic surgery on rats, an in vivo dual-vector approach was used to bilaterally inject Cre recombinase into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and an excitatory Cre-dependent, G protein-coupled DREADD into the ventral hippocampus (vHPC). Five weeks after surgery, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) was injected intraperito-neally to selectively activate this pathway for six days. Rats were then given one day of cross treatment followed by conditioned reinforcement. These procedures allowed determination of whether activation of the vHPC– NAc projection affects acquisition and/or expression of Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) behavior. There were no statistically significant differences amongst treatment groups. However, trends in data support a differential role of the vHPC—NAc pathway in sign-and goal-tracking behaviors, suggesting a need for further investigation using larger sample sizes to determine the importance of this pathway. Although this study found no statistically significant evidence for the role of the vHPC-NAc pathway in PCA behaviors, current and future findings may add to an understanding of how learning and neurological activity may play a role in behaviors associated with addiction in human beings.
Automatic Induction of Background Knowledge Axioms for Recognising Textual Entailment

One of the challenges in recognising textual entailment (RTE) with logical inference is the lack of appropriate background knowledge. In this thesis we attempt to make explicit general knowledge by automatically extracting them from RTE Challenge corpora. Our approach departs from deep semantic analysis using Discourse Representation Structure, resulting in a background knowledge axiom that expresses a paraphrase of relationships between two entities X and Y in the form of an implication such as: if X is the wife of Y, then X is married to Y. Evaluation on an existing RTE system shows that these axioms provide useful knowledge which helps the inference engines in predicting textual entailment and improves the result of correct predictions made by the system.
On approximations by polynomial and nonpolynomial integro-differential splines

Abstract The present article is one of a number of articles in which the authors study the properties of integro-differential splines. The paper deals with the construction of integro-differential polynomial and nonpolynomial splines of the fifth order. The order of approximation with integrodifferential polynomial and nonpolynomial splines of the fifth order are given. We use the tensor product of polynomial and non-polynomial splines constructed in this paper for the approximation of functions of two variables. The results of these numerical experiments are given.
Harmonic solutions for polygonal hydraulic jumps in thin fluid films

This article contains numerical and theoretical results on the circular and polygonal hydraulic jumps in the framework of inertial lubrication theory. The free surface and velocity fields are computed along with cross-sections of the vorticity and pressure, in agreement with experimental data. The forces that drive and resist the instability are identified with the radial shear force, the azimuthal surface tension and the hydrostatic azimuthal force, in addition to a nonlinear term in the radial coordinate. Periodic solutions are obtained from the first orders of a perturbation theory by considering azimuthal symmetries. The thresholds of the instability are defined at closed jumps for discontinuous solutions and at one-sided hydraulic jumps for continuous curves that conserve fluid mass density.
Effect of straw mulch and integrated nitrogen management on yield and quality of turmeric under North Indian plains

The continuous application of nitrogen (N) through chemical source has shown deleterious effect on productivity of turmeric, whereas availability of organic source is very limited to meet the nitrogen requirement. Therefore it was considered worth to study the impact of integration of chemical and organic source of N on productivity of turmeric. A three-year field experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2011–12 to 2013–14 to study the response of turmeric to straw mulching and N applied through different combinations of organic manure (FYM) and N-fertilizer (urea). Application of paddy straw as mulch @ 6.25 t ha−1 significantly increased the plant height, number of tillers, mother, primary and secondary rhizomes, rhizome weight and yield of turmeric. The fresh rhizome yield increased by 85.0 and 34.9% during 2011–12 and 2012–13, respectively, due to mulch application over no-mulch. A slight improvement was noticed in curcumin content, however, the difference between mulch and no-mulch treatments was non-significant. Application of 125 kg N/ha through FYM alone, produced the highest rhizome yield during all study years (20.6, 22.36 and 23.17 t/ha during 2011–12, 2012–13 and 2013–14, respectively), which was, however, statistically at par with the application of two-third and half of organic manure along with one-third and half of N through urea, respectively. Nitrogen substitution through urea beyond 50% resulted into reduced growth and fresh rhizome yield. Hence, integration of 50% of N (62.5 kg/ha) through organic manure (FYM) and 50% of N through fertilizer urea enhanced the turmeric yield as compared to 100% N fertilizer alone. Quality parameter in terms of curcumin content did not show any significant differences with the different combinations of integrated nitrogen source.
Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs: principles, status, and applications

We review the most recent progress in ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and fiber-based frequency-comb sources. With the rapid progress in theory, measurement, and control of noise in passively mode-locked fiber lasers, we have reached the point where the residual carrier–envelope-offset phase jitter (when stabilized) and pulse timing jitter performance of such laser sources can be fully optimized to the unprecedented levels of attoseconds regime. In this paper, first, major principles in building such low-noise passively mode-locked fiber lasers are reviewed. We then define noise in mode-locked fiber lasers and present the basic theoretical and numerical framework for analyzing the noise in mode-locked fiber lasers. More detailed discussions on theory, measurement methods, state-of-the-art performances, and stabilization methods of intensity noise, timing jitter, and comb-line frequency noise follow. Finally, we overview today’s most representative applications of such ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency-comb sources. As an already powerful tool for various high-precision applications, ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers will keep finding more exciting applications in optical science and photonic technology in the coming years.
NEURAL RESPONSE TO THREAT AND REWARD AMONG YOUNG ADULTS AT RISK FOR ALCOHOL USE DISORDER

Alcohol use disorder is 50% heritable; those with positive family histories represent an at-risk group within which we can test anticipation of threat and reward prior to development of harmful alcohol use. We examined neural correlates of the interaction between family history, threat anticipation (unpredictable threat), and monetary reward anticipation, in a sample of healthy young adults with (n=31) and without (n=44) family histories of harmful alcohol use. We used a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task with sustained threat of hearing a scream during fMRI. We examined the interaction between family history group, anticipation of threat, and anticipation of reward in the insula, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex. Family history positive individuals showed less activation in the left insula during both safe and threat blocks compared to family history negative individuals (p=0.005), but the groups did not differ as a function of unpredictable threat (p>0.70). We found an interaction (p=0.048) between cue and group in the right nucleus accumbens where the family history positive group showed less differentiation to the anticipation of gaining $5 and losing $5 relative to gaining $0. The family history positive group also reported less excitement for trials to gain $5 relative to gaining $0 (p<0.001). Prior to chronic heavy alcohol use, individuals with, relative to without, enriched risk may have diminished reward processing via both neural and behavioral markers to potential rewarding and negative consequences. Neural response to unpredictable threat may not be a contributing factor to risk at this stage.