Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mortality, Morbidity and Health-Related Outcomes in Informal Caregivers Compared to Non-Caregivers: A Systematic Review

A systematic overview of mental and physical disorders of informal caregivers based on population-based studies with good methodological quality is lacking. Therefore, our aim was to systematically summarize mortality, incidence, and prevalence estimates of chronic diseases in informal caregivers compared to non-caregivers. Following PRISMA recommendations, we searched major healthcare databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE and Web of Science) systematically for relevant studies published in the last 10 years (without language restrictions) (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020200314). We included only observational cross-sectional and cohort studies with low risk of bias (risk scores 0–2 out of max 8) that reported the prevalence, incidence, odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), mean- or sum-scores for health-related outcomes in informal caregivers and non-caregivers. For a thorough methodological quality assessment, we used a validated checklist. The synthesis of the results was conducted by grouping outcomes. We included 22 studies, which came predominately from the USA and Europe. Informal caregivers had a significantly lower mortality than non-caregivers. Regarding chronic morbidity outcomes, the results from a large longitudinal German health-insurance evaluation showed increased and statistically significant incidences of severe stress, adjustment disorders, depression, diseases of the spine and pain conditions among informal caregivers compared to non-caregivers. In cross-sectional evaluations, informal caregiving seemed to be associated with a higher occurrence of depression and of anxiety (ranging from 4 to 51% and 2 to 38%, respectively), pain, hypertension, diabetes and reduced quality of life. Results from our systematic review suggest that informal caregiving may be associated with several mental and physical disorders. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution, as the cross-sectional studies cannot determine temporal relationships. The lower mortality rates compared to non-caregivers may be due to a healthy-carer bias in longitudinal observational studies; however, these and other potential benefits of informal caregiving deserve further attention by researchers.
Effects of Long‐Term and Multigeneration Exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to 9.4 GHz Microwaves

A large number of studies on the biological effects of microwaves are carried out using rodents and cells, but the conditions are difficult to control, and the irradiation period is short; the results obtained have always been controversial and difficult to reproduce. In this study, we expose nematodes to an electromagnetic environment for a long‐term and multigeneration period to explore the possible biological effects. Wild‐type N2 strains of Caenorhabditis elegans are exposed to 9.4 GHz microwaves at a specific adsorption rate of 4 W/kg for 10 h per day from L1 larvae to adults. Then, adult worms are washed off, and the laid eggs are kept to hatch L1 larvae, which are continuously exposed to microwaves until passing through 20 generations. The worms of the 10th, 15th, and 20th generations are collected for index detection. Interestingly, we found that the fecundity of C. elegans decreased significantly in the exposed group from the 15th generation. At the same time, we found that the growth of C. elegans decreased, motility decreased, and oxidative stress occurred in the exposed group from the 10th generation, which may play roles in the decreased spawning in worms. We preliminarily believe that the microwave energy received by worms leads to oxidative stress, which causes a decrease in the spawning rate, and the underlying mechanism needs to be further studied. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Surveilling and Spying on Romantic Partners in the United States: The Influence of Perceived Maternal Rejection and Psychological Maladjustment

According to interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory (IPARTheory), people who perceive rejection by important others experience more psychological maladjustment than those who do not perceive rejection. IPARTheory predicts universal responses to perceived rejection or acceptance, making it important to explore its predictive ability with theoretically-related constructs like romantic relationships. Participants (N = 443; Mage = 36.05 years; SD = 11.26; 46% identifying as men, 45.4% reported their assigned sex at birth as male) completed surveys regarding perceptions of their childhood relationships with their mother, interpersonal anxiety, engagement in romantic surveillance, jealousy, infidelity, sociosexual orientation, and gender norms. We examined how well perceived maternal acceptance-rejection (independent variable) predicted reasons to spy/stalk on a romantic partner and the likelihood of spying/stalking (dependent variables). For both models, we explored psychological maladjustment, interpersonal anxiety, jealousy, and sociosexuality as mediators and included correlated demographic variables as covariates in the models. Jealousy mediated perceived maternal rejection and increased surveilling. Our study broadens the understanding of variables that influence surveilling behaviors in romantic relationships in the United States, and provides support for the universal application and predictive ability of IPARTheory.
Navigating the matrix: career development and the responsibilisation of employability in Australia

ABSTRACT In this paper we seek to understand how structural, contextual and institutional conditions influence the construction of individual agency in career development policy. We focus on responsibilisation, the process by which responsibility for outcomes is transferred from the state to the individual, through a combination of policy actions and the framing of public discourse. We use Australia as a case study to examine how the state has recast its role in the creation and regulation of employment. We outline how the role of the state now involves guiding the citizen towards the “right choice", with individuals responsible for and active managers of risk in the labour market. To determine the complex narratives around agency, we examine the assumptions embedded in some current Australian government career guidance websites, to highlight how jobseeker autonomy, self-direction, agency, and self-management are framed. The implications for socially just career development provision are discussed.
Determinants of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards preventive measures of COVID-19 among adult residencies in Silte zone, Southern Ethiopia

Introduction coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global health threat and an international public health emergency. There is a strong need to reinforce community knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) to control the spread of the virus. The study aimed to identify the determinants of KAP towards preventive measures of COVID-19 among adult residencies. Methods a community-based cross-sectional study design was employed in the communities of Silte zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 853 participants were selected using multistage stratified sampling technique. We used structured interview administered questionnaire. The KAP level was presented in descriptive and the associated variables conducted in binary logistic regression model. Results overall, 81.7% had good knowledge, 78.4% had a positive attitude, and 43.9% had good practices. Being a female (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR): 2.3; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.6-3.3), age between “31-40” (AOR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1-3.8) and able to read and write (AOR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.7-3.7) were significantly associated factors of good knowledge towards COVID-19. Being urban resident (AOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.6) was significantly associated variable with positive attitude towards COVID-19. Being a government employee (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.7), able to read and write (AOR: 4.5; 95% CI: 3-6.7) and having good knowledge regarding COVID-19 (AOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.6-3.7) were significantly associated factors with good preventive practice towards COVID-19. Conclusion alarmingly low preventive practice towards COVID-19 pandemic was indicated. Therefore, health education and promotion programs aimed at mobilizing and improving COVID-19-related practice are urgently needed, especially for those who are illiterate, having rural residency, or generally among underprivileged populations.
Growth and Competitiveness of Sulfonyhirea-Resistant and -Susceptible Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

Growth, competitiveness, and fecundity differences between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes affect management strategies. This greenhouse research examines growth, competitiveness, and fecundity of chlorsulfuron-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) kochia collected from North Dakota and Kansas. In noncompetitive studies, sulfonylurea R and S kochia biotypes from Kansas and North Dakota had similar growth rates and seed production. All biotypes produced about 12000 seeds per plant. Competitiveness of R and S biotypes from Kansas was similar. Interbiotype competition reduced R and S plant biomass more than intrabiotype competition. The relative competitiveness of the R and S biotypes was 0.75 and 0.85, respectively. The resistance trait did not reduce growth, seed production, and competitiveness of R compared to S kochia in greenhouse studies.
The The Implementation of Cultural Filter in English-Indonesian Translation of Children Comic The Wizards of Mickey: The Dark Ages

In translation, cultural differences become a huge obstacle for the translators to create a good translation. This study aims to explain the cultural filters in English-Indonesian translation of the children comic based on the dimensions proposed by House (2004, 2005). It also explains the functional equivalence achieved by the translation of the comic. This study is a descriptive qualitative study. In collecting the data, the researcher used transcription, table of cultural filters based on the dimensions of the cultural filters, and table of functional equivalence. The data were analyzed based on the dimensions of cultural filters in the terms of directness, orientation towards self versus orientation towards other, orientation towards content versus orientation towards addressee, explicitness versus implicitness, ad-hoc formulation versus verbal routines, and voice. The results showed that there were 310 cultural filters. Out of 310 cultural filters, 118 were explicitness versus implicitness, 85 were ad-hoc formulation versus verbal routines, 64 were orientation towards content versus orientation towards addressee, 15 were directness and orientation towards self versus orientation towards other, and 13 were cultural filter in terms of voice. Relating to the functional equivalence, 287 of them achieved functional equivalence and 23 dialogues did not achieve functional equivalence. It could be concluded that cultural filters could help the translators to overcome the problems relating to cultural differences in both source language and target language. Besides, it also helps the translation to achieve functional equivalence.
Exploring Mechanisms by Which Danggui Buxue Decoction Regulates Inflammation and Improves Renal Anemia Based on Network Pharmacology

Background: Renal anemia occurs frequently in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is related to chronic inflammation. Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD) can treat anemia and improve the chronic inflammation. However, whether DBD treatment attenuates anemia by regulating inflammation in CKD patients with renal anemia is unknown. Therefore, this study explored inflammation-related network targets of DBD in renal anemia therapy and verified the interaction between DBD active ingredients and inflammatory proteins by molecular docking. Methods: The main effective components and targets of DBD were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. Renal anemia-related biomolecules were searched in the GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, Pharmgkb, and DrugBank databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) data were downloaded from the STRING database and core targets were obtained. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses for core targets were performed. Finally, active ingredients and core biomolecules were determined using molecular docking. Results: Twenty-two active components and 158 targets for DBD treatment of renal anemia were screened, and an “ingredient-target” network was constructed. Twenty core target genes were screened from the PPI data. Vascular endothelial growth factor A, Signal Transducer and Activator of transcription 1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, post-transcriptional gene silencing 2, and interleukin (IL)-1β were identified as inflammatory proteins. GO items related to inflammation and DBD included lipopolysaccharide, cellular response to chemical stress, and oxidative stress-related reactions. KEGG enrichment analyses showed that core inflammatory pathways mainly involved the IL-17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway. Molecular docking results indicated that the binding energy of quercetin, an active ingredient of DBD, to the 5 core proteins was less than −6 kcal·mol−1. Conclusion: DBD might have protective effects against renal anemia by improving inflammation. Quercetin might modulate multiple inflammatory proteins and pathways.
Changes in Lake Sturgeon Gut Microbiomes Relative to Founding Origin and in Response to Chemotherapeutant Treatments

Antibiotics, drugs, and chemicals (collectively referred to as chemotherapeutants) are widely embraced in fish aquaculture as important tools to control or prevent disease outbreaks. Potential negative effects include changes in microbial community composition and diversity during early life stages, which can reverse the beneficial roles of gut microbiota for the maintenance of host physiological processes and homeostatic regulation. We characterized the gut microbial community composition and diversity of an ecologically and economically important fish species, the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), during the early larval period in response to weekly treatments using chemotherapeutants commonly used in aquaculture (chloramine-T, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCl2 followed by hydrogen peroxide) relative to untreated controls. The effects of founding microbial community origin (wild stream vs. hatchery water) were also evaluated. Gut communities were quantified using massively parallel next generation sequencing based on the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Members of the phylum Firmicutes (principally unclassified Clostridiales and Clostridium_sensu_stricto) and Proteobacteria were the dominant taxa in all gut samples regardless of treatment. The egg incubation environment (origin) and its interaction with chemotherapeutant treatment were significantly associated with indices of microbial taxonomic diversity. We observed large variation in the beta diversity of lake sturgeon gut microbiota between larvae from eggs incubated in hatchery and wild (stream) origins based on nonmetric dimensional scaling (NMDS). Permutational ANOVA indicated the effects of chemotherapeutic treatments on gut microbial community composition were dependent on the initial source of the founding microbial community. Influences of microbiota colonization during early ontogenetic stages and the resilience of gut microbiota to topical chemotherapeutic treatments are discussed.
Value creation through corporate restructuring : a case study of the spin-off of REC Solar ASA

This thesis presents a detailed analysis of the spin-off in REC ASA to show how corporate reorganization can enhance the value of a firm operating in a challenging industry. The goal of the study was to determine whether the separation of REC ASA’s module and polysilicon units generated value and, if it did, what the sources were. The research followed a funneling approach, where the initial research fathomed broadly before singling out the most important aspects of the transaction. This included an analysis of empirically proven value drivers, industry and firm specific factors, before ending with a thorough analysis of the key characteristics of the transaction. The study finds that the spin-off generated an abnormal return of 19.53 percent immediately following the announcement, while the longer event windows were affected by conflicting announcements making the abnormal return output unreliable. The announcement was also associated with a positive reaction in bond prices, establishing that the separation was value enhancing also for the debt holders. The analysis of value drivers shows that the company was trading at a relative discount prior to the spin-off and that the discount was eliminated following the announcement. The key value driver in the transaction was that it solved the firm’s cash shortage problem by bringing its cash balance in excess of its short debt maturities. In addition, it improved the strategic position of both parent and subsidiary by eliminating the silicon unit’s exposure to the underperforming solar unit and positioning the solar unit for the expected challenges of the module industry.
Cartels’ Birth and Death Dynamics: Empirical Evidence

This paper examines how the legal framework and macroeconomic environment impact cartel births and deaths. To avoid the inherent sample selection bias of prosecuted cartel studies, we use a unique dataset covering the population of Swedish legal cartels registered between 1947 and 1993. We explore the gradual tightening of Swedish competition law to study cartel dynamics. We ﬁrst consider a count model focusing on the observed cartels. We then apply a hidden Markov model, which considers that cartel activity may have been imperfectly observed, since the probability of observing cartels varied with the register’s eﬃciency. We ﬁnd that the various competition laws had an overall deterrent eﬀect, but new industries became collusive after the law of 1982; both cartel births and deaths are counter-cyclical; and higher interest rates increase cartel births and decrease cartel deaths, but these relationships are shown to be non-linear. Finally, we show that the likelihood of cartel survival is around 85%.
The Relationship between School Location and Student Participation in Decision Making in Kenya.

The study investigated the relationship between school location and student participation in decision making in boarding secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. This study was therefore deemed necessary based on this gap in research. The study targeted the students and teachers in boarding secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The random sampling method arrived at 220 students and 30 teachers in 15 boarding secondary schools in the county stratified further to 6 rural and 5 urban schools were selected to respond to the student participation in the decision-making questionnaire. A null hypothesis was formulated. The t-test statistic was used to test the difference in mean. The p-value at . 0366 led to the rejection of the null hypothesis . 05 level of significance. The study found a relationship between school location and student participation in decision making in boarding secondary schools in Kenya. Rural schools are disadvantaged in terms of access to governance than their urban counterparts. Since the means for urban schools (2.22) was higher than that of rural schools (2.18), it was established that students in urban schools and greater access to decision making avenues than students in rural schools.
POTENSI Acacia crassicarpa SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PULP KERTAS UNTUK HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI

Industrial Plantation Forest of Acacia mangium for pulp industry in Indonesia has declined its productivity due to a decrease in the quality of soil on the second cycle and thereafter. Therefore, the alternative raw material for pulp has to be found as a substitute for Acacia mangium. Research on the various ages of Acacia crassicarpa (4; 5 and 6 years old) as the pulp raw material has been done. Pulp was prepared using the kraft process. The optimum cooking condition with target Kappa Number of 15 ± 1 was obtained at 20-22% active alkali, 30% sulfidity, temperature of 165oC, liquor ratio 1:4 and H factor of 1300. Pulp was then bleached using ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) process with the sequence of ODEDED and XDEDED. Results showed that pulp yield was high enough and meet the standard requirement according to SNI 6107:2009, Pulp Kraft Putih Kayudaun (LBKP). hollocellulose content of Acacia crassicarpa (79,99-80,87%) and α cellulose content (43,33-48,62%) were higher compared to those of Acacia mangium (<79% and <43%) respectively, while lignin and extractive contents were significantly low. It was found that Acacia crassicarpa of 5 years old resulted in better bleached kraft pulp compared to those of 4 and 6 years old. It is concluded that Acacia crassicarpa has a good prospect to be developed in Industrial Plantation Forest as raw material for pulp. Keywords : Acacia crassicarpa, ages, raw material, ECF, pulp ABSTRAK Hutan Tanaman Industri Acacia mangium untuk industri pulp yang dikembangkan di Indonesia saat ini mengalami penurunan produktivitas akibat penurunan kualitas tempat tumbuh pada daur kedua dan seterusnya. Oleh sebab itu perlu dicari bahan baku alternatif pengganti Acacia mangium . Untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap Acacia crassicarpa berbagai umur yaitu 4 ; 5 dan 6 tahun. Pembuatan pulp kertas dilakukan dengan proses kraft. Kondisi pemasakan yang optimal dan memenuhi target bilangan Kappa 15 ± 1, diperoleh pada penggunaan alkali aktif 20-22%, sulfiditas 30%, suhu 165oC, rasio 1:4 dan faktor H 1300. Pemutihan pulp dilakukan dengan proses ECF ( Elemental Chlorine Free ) yang dikenal ramah lingkungan dengan tahapan ODEDED dan XDEDED. Hasil pulp kraft putih mempunyai rendemen cukup tinggi dan memenuhi pesyaratan spesifikasi SNI 6107:2009, Pulp Kraft Putih Kayudaun (LBKP) kecuali indeks sobek. Kayu Acacia crassicarpa mempunyai kadar holoselulosa (79,99-80,87%) dan selulosa alfa (43,33-48,62%) yang cukup tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan Acacia mangium (<79% dan <43%), serta kadar lignin dan ekstraktif yang cukup rendah. Kayu Acacia crassicarpa umur 5 tahun menghasilkan pulp kraft putih paling baik dibandingkan umur 4 dan 6 tahun. Dengan demikian, kayu Acacia crassicarpa mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan di Hutan Tanaman Industri sebagai bahan baku pulp. Kata kunci : Acacia crassicarpa , umur, bahan baku, ECF, pulp
Sun-dried Stylo Hay (Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184) as Dietary Fibre Source in Rabbits

Background: In West Africa, one of the main problem of rabbit production is the lack of fibre-balanced feeds available at remunerative price, as the supply of fibrous raw material remains difficult. Expensive fibrous raw materials imported from temperate countries are the most fibre source used in rabbit feed formulation. This study aimed to assess the nutritive value and the potential use of Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184, a local fodder, as dietary fibre source in rabbit feed. Methods: Four diets containing an inclusion of Stylo hay: 0% (control, SH0), 15% (SH15), 30% (SH30) and 45% (SH45) as a substitute for the control diet (33.3 g NDF and 170 g CP/kg) were studied. Four groups of 12 rabbits, individually caged, were fed ad libitum the 4 diets, from weaning (35 days) to 78 days age. Result: Replacing up to 45% the basal diet with Stylo hay reduced nutrients digestibility (P less than 0.001). The digestible protein (DP) contain of Stylo hay was 36±0.57 g/kg DM. The inclusion of Stylo up to 30% in the diet improved animals growth rate compared to the control diet. Health status and slaughter traits were not affected by Stylo incorporation. It was concluded that sun-dried Stylo hay could be considered as a good fibre source in the complete pellet feed for rabbits in West Africa.