Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA clone encoding preproparathyroid hormone from pig and rat.

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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF ROMAN LEAD‐GLAZED POTTERY AND ITS CONTINUANCE INTO LATE ANTIQUITY

A broad selection of Roman lead-glazed pottery dating from the first century AD through the fifth century AD was studied to establish locations of workshops and to address their technology of production. The ceramic bodies were analysed by ICP-AES. In addition, lead isotope analysis was undertaken on a selection of glazes. These findings suggested that there were several regions responsible for the production of lead-glazed ceramics in the western Roman world, including central Gaul, Italy and, probably, Serbia and Romania. Using the body compositions as a starting point, the glazing techniques employed by each of the potential workshops were examined using electron probe microanalysis. It was determined that there were two primary methods of glazing. The first method used lead oxide by itself applied to non-calcareous clay bodies, and the second method used a lead oxide-plus-quartz mixture applied to calcareous clay bodies. Basted on these data for clay composition and glazing method, transfer of technology from the Hellenistic east to the western Roman world was proposed. Likewise, the inheritance of lead-glazing technology into late antiquity was established by making comparisons to lead-glazed ceramics dating to the seventh to ninth centuries from Italy, the Byzantine world and Tang Dynasty China.
Heat flow of the eastern Canadian rifted continental margin revisited

Continental shelves are regions where heat flow is not measured directly by conventional marine techniques, but estimated from oil exploration data with possible bias. In order to overcome this problem, we recently proposed a method based on neural networks (Geophys J Int 2006, 166:115) that provides better constraints on thermal conductivity: it allowed us to derive 161 heat flow estimates on the eastern margin of Canada, where previous studies had concluded to the existence of heat flow higher than that in the adjacent continent and ocean. We conversely found rather homogeneous values (∼45–55 mW m−2) all along and across the margins, from Labrador to Nova Scotia. The difference seems essentially related to the porosity of sediments that was not taken into account in previous studies. Our results support a high asymmetry for the conjugate Iberian‐Canadian margins, and could indicate that mantle heat flow increases abruptly from the Canadian shield to the margins.
Post-staple bust: modeling economic effects of mine closures and post-mine demographic shifts in an arctic economy (Yukon)

Abstract This study uses input–output (IO) and demoeconomic modeling in order to simulate direct, indirect, and induced effects of mass mine closures and subsequent population change in Yukon during the cyclical economic crisis of the late 1990s. The goal is to further the knowledge of the anatomy of resource downturn and, more importantly, its extended implications in an arctic economy. Contrary to the stylized representations, the paper argues that Yukon's economy is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in population number and structure, in addition to the resource sector itself. Specifically, the major impact of a resource downturn on regional economy is found in induced effects related to demographic shifts (aging and depopulation) in the household sector followed by changes in consumption. This article demonstrates that high-tech and high-salary industries, and services (most favorable for the future of the region) suffer the most from population loss and aging. To trace these impacts the study utilizes several variants of single-region IO models, including extended demoeconomic IO model known as the Batey–Madden or Type IV framework. In our formulation, this model emphasizes age-specific consumption and is designed to track induced changes in sectoral gross outputs resulting from income and demographic shifts.
The Effect of IMU Sensor Location, Number of Features, and Window Size on a Random Forest Model’s Accuracy in Predicting Joint Kinematics and Kinetics During Gait

Using inertial measurement units (IMUs) in combination with machine learning (ML) techniques has become a common approach for predicting specific gait time series, such as lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics. However, the optimal number of IMUs, sensor placement, number of features, and window size applicable for predicting all gait time series has not been previously determined. This study aimed to investigate how a random forest (RF) model’s performance can be affected by different combinations of IMU location, the number of features, and window sizes used for feature extraction. We recorded optical motion capture marker trajectories, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and seven IMUs data from 20 participants during gait. Joint angles and moments were calculated using OpenSim inverse kinematics (IKs) and dynamics tools from the marker’s trajectory and GRFs. For different combinations of IMU numbers and locations, the most important features to predict each target (joint kinematics and kinetics) were extracted and used to build RF models. We showed that using only one pair of IMUs placed on the feet was as accurate as using seven IMUs when combined with an RF model to predict gait time series. Once the best IMU combination was determined, we explored the effect of the number of features and window size on RF model performance. A multioutput RF model with ten features per target and a window size of 0.75 s outperformed other models by providing lower prediction error for predicting most gait time series.
Very low frequency radio signatures of transient luminous events above thunderstorms

Lightning discharges emit intense optical and acoustic energy, in the form of lightning and thunder, respectively, but a large amount of energy is emitted as radio-frequency electromagnetic pulses (EMP). These pulses can be detected thousands of kilometers away, thanks to efficient propagation in the waveguide formed by the conducting Earth and the overlying ionosphere. In addition, intense discharges interact with the overlying ionosphere at 80-100 km altitude. The EMP-ionosphere interaction is directly observed in one manifestation as the bright transient optical emissions known as “elves”, but in addition, the interaction can directly modify the free electron density in the nighttime lower ionosphere. Modifications of the ionospheric electron density can be detected via subionospheric Very Low Frequency (VLF) remote sensing. In this method, coherent signals from powerful VLF transmitters, built for submarine communication and operated by the Navy, are monitored and their amplitude and phase are tracked in time. The variations of these signals are used to sense ionospheric modifications through rapid changes in the received amplitude and/or phase when the transmitted signal propagates through an ionospheric perturbation. When these perturbations are caused by lightning, they are known as “Early VLF” perturbations, due to the negligible delay between the lightning discharge and the appearance of the VLF signal change, whereas lightning-induced electron precipitation (LEP) events have a delay of 1–2 seconds. In this work, correlations between VLF signatures and optical events are used to show that these Early VLF events may be the signature of ionospheric modification by in-cloud (IC) lightning discharges. While the more impressive cloud-to-ground
Multi‐indices analysis of southern Scandinavian storminess 1780–2005 and links to interdecadal variations in the NW Europe–North Sea region

Extra‐tropical cyclone frequency and intensity are currently under intense scrutiny because of the destruction recent windstorms have brought to Europe, and because they are a major meridional heat transport mechanism that may respond to differential latitudinal warming trends. Several studies using reanalysis data covering the second half of the 20th century suggest increasing storm intensity in the northeastern Atlantic and European sector. Fewer analyses cover a longer time period but show different trends or point towards the dominance of interdecadal variability instead of any clear trends. Hence, it is relevant to analyse cyclone variability over as long a period as possible. In this study, we analyse interdecadal variability in cyclone activity over northwestern Europe back to AD 1780 by combining information from eight storminess indices applied in an Eulerian framework. These indices, including four new approaches towards gauging cyclone activity, use the series of thrice‐daily sea level pressure observations at Lund and Stockholm. We find pronounced interdecadal variability in cyclonic activity but no significant overall consistent long‐term trend. The major interdecadal‐scale variability common to all indices is in good agreement with geostrophic wind reconstructions for NE Atlantic and NW Europe, and with variations in the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Our results show that the reanalysis studies cover a time period chiefly coinciding with a marked, but not exceptional in our 225‐year perspective, positive variation in the regional cyclone activity that has more recently reversed. Because of the interdecadal variations, a near‐centennial time perspective is needed when analysing variations in extra‐tropical cyclone activity and the associated weather conditions over northwestern Europe. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Evaluating the predictive skill of post‐processed NCEP GFS ensemble precipitation forecasts in China's Huai river basin

The National Center for Environmental Predictions (NCEP) has produced an ensemble meteorological reforecast product by using a fixed version of Global Forecast System (GFS) ensemble prediction system since 1 January 1979. The 15‐member ensemble product, with a global coverage at a 2.5° × 2.5° spatial resolution and a 14‐day lead time, has been used successfully by the River Forecast Centers of the National Weather Service (NWS) to produce basin scale precipitation and temperature ensemble forecasts in the US for several years now. This study evaluates the predictive skill of post‐processed ensemble forecasts based on GFS precipitation reforecast in China's Huai river basin. The evaluation is carried out in 15 sub‐areas of the Huai river basin and covers the 1/1/1981–31/12/2003 period. The Ensemble Pre‐Processing system version 3 (EPP3), developed at NWS, is used to develop joint probability distributions between forecasted ensemble mean precipitation and corresponding observations and to generate individual ensemble members that preserve space–time correlation of the observed precipitation data. Several statistical verification measures are used to quantify the goodness of fit between post‐processed (i.e. EPP3 processed) ensemble mean and observation and to assess the ensemble spread. Results indicate that the post‐processed forecasts have meaningful predictive skill for the first few days for ensemble daily precipitation forecasts. Predictive skill of ensemble forecasts of cumulative precipitation for lead times up to 14 days are significant. The forecast skill is highly dependent on seasonality, with relatively lower skills seen for wet summer season, when convective storm patterns dominate, as compared with other seasons. The predictive skill of the post‐processed ensemble precipitation is much better than the raw forecasts and the climatological ensemble forecasts. The results from this study suggest that the NCEP's GFS reforecasts can be a valuable resource for places other than the US. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential Gene Expression Identifies Novel Markers of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Activation Following Stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1

T cell activation in response to antigenic stimulation is a complex process, involving changes in the expression level of a large number of genes. We have used cDNA array technology to characterize the differences in gene expression between human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. PBMC from six healthy donors were stimulated with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the gene expression profiles of each donor’s CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were analyzed separately. ANOVA revealed 518 genes that were consistently differentially expressed between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These differentially expressed genes include a combination of well-known, previously characterized genes with a range of biological functions and unknown in silico predicted hypothetical genes. Where possible, the novel genes have been characterized using bioinformatics, and putative transcription factors, signaling molecules, transmembrane, and secreted factors have been identified. A subset of these differentially expressed genes could be exploited as markers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation for use in vaccine trials. These observed differences in the gene expression profile of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following activation by a human pathogen contribute to an increased understanding of T cell activation and differentiation and the roles these T cell subsets may play in immunity to infection.
THE MONEY THAT GROWS ON TREES

From a paean of praise to the innovator: When you first brought these trees and told us we should grow them, we scoffed at you and said ‘We have plenty of trees already; what use are these new ones? ’ But now we see we were wrong: money grows on those trees. On the indivisibility of systems: No one part of the model-system is more important than any other part. We may consider each model as a vital link in a communications system. We may identify feedback effects. Every change in technology or change in aspiration levels will lead to a re-appraisal of the environment. Every movement of knowledge over space will need to be checked against environment and environment itself will change as a result of the decisions made. Changes in social structure may lead to changes in organizational behaviour and so on.
Low-frequency sea level variability in the southern Indian Ocean and its impacts on the oceanic meridional transports

Sea levels in the southern Indian Ocean (SIO) display significant interannual to decadal variability. Off the northwest Australian coast, it has been demonstrated that sea level variability is mostly modulated by remote wind forcing from the tropical Pacific through equatorial and coastal waveguides. In this study, a linear reduced gravity model is used to investigate relative contributions of local wind forcing and remote forcing from the Pacific to the sea level variability of the SIO, with a focus on the western SIO. North of the South Equatorial Current bifurcation latitude (17 degrees S), model simulated sea levels are well correlated with altimeter observations at the dissipation timescale of about 3 years, suggesting that sea level variability on interannual-to-decadal timescales could well be explained by nondispersive baroclinic Rossby wave adjustment. The large sea level variability of the western SIO is primarily caused by westward-propagating Rossby waves driven by wind stress curl in 70 degrees E-95 degrees E, with a minor influence from the remote Pacific forcing. To the south, sea level variability at around 20 degrees S displays lower amplitude due to weaker wind variations at this latitude band, and the modeled sea level variability is weaker than observations. There is a close linkage between the cross-basin sea level difference at 15 degrees S and the interior meridional ocean transport across this latitude on decadal timescales, as assessed with outputs from a data-assimilation model. Thus, the meridional overturning cell of the SIO is influenced by both remote forcing from equatorial Pacific and local winds in the SIO.
Status of Cassava Farmers and Implication for Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology in Gokana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

The study analyzed the status of cassava farmers and implication for agricultural extension and rural sociology in Gokana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Data were elicited from 120 cassava farmers with the aid of the questionnaire and interview schedule which were randomly distributed to respondents. Analyses of data were done with percentage, mean and multiple regression. Mean results showed that cassava farmers in the area, were 27.74 years old, spent 12.40 years in schooling, had a farming experience of 9.89 years and had a poor (1.68) monthly contacts with extension. Friends and neighbours, with 86.67% were the main sources of extension information on cassava production rather than extension agents which had 6.67%. Status of the use of improved cassava practice was 64.01% which is good enough. Results of the analysis of the relationship between farmers' characteristics and use of improved cassava practice gave an R 2 value of 0.9305. Age, household size, extension contact and farm size were significant determinants of the use of improved cassava practice in the area. Although the farmers were good in the use of improved cassava practice, their exposure to agricultural extension activities was poor. The study recommends urgent and better contacts between extension agents (rural sociologists) and farmers.
Diverse Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae (Isoptera) in Dominican Amber

Abstract The most diverse and best-preserved paleofauna of the higher termites heretofore known, all found in Miocene amber of the Dominican Republic, is described. The imago of Coptotermes priscus Emerson is redescribed, and the soldier of C. priscus, the first known fossil soldier of this genus, is described. The fauna includes the following 29 new species, all in existing genera, with Krishna and Grimaldi as authors of each: in the Rhinotermitidae, two new species based on imagoes of each—Coptotermes hirsutus and C. paleodominicanus; in the Termitidae, 23 new species based on imagoes—Amitermes lucidus, Anoplotermes bohio, A. cacique, A. carib, A. maboya, A. naboria, A. nitaino, A. quisqueya, A. taino, Atlantitermes antillea, A. caribea, A. magnoculus, Microcerotermes insulanus, M. setosus, Nasutitermes amplioculatus, N. incisus, N. magnocellus, N. medioculatus, N. pilosus, N. seminudus, Subulitermes hispaniola, S. insularis, and Termes primitivus; in the Nasutitermitinae four new species based on nasute soldiers—Caribitermes hispaniola, Nasutitermes rotundicephalus, Parvitermes longinasus, and Velocitermes bulbus. This brings the total termite fauna in Dominican amber to four families, 17 genera, and 39 species, a number that exceeds that of the present-day fauna of Hispaniola. Biogeographical, paleoecological, and phylogenetic implications of the Dominican amber termites are discussed.
A New Eustenogater Species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Stenogastrinae), the First Hover Wasp Known to Overwinter on the Nest

Abstract A new species of hover wasp, Eustenogaster nigra Saito and Nguyen, is described based on females and males collected mainly in northern Viet Nam. The wasp is also distributed in mountainous areas of central Viet Nam and the southern part of China. All distribution records are from areas with more-or-less distinct seasons in terms of temperature. The nest is described and compared with those of other Eustenogaster species. A nest collected during early spring in Tam Dao National Park in northern Viet Nam, where there is a more-or-less distinct “winter”, had five males and six virgin females, suggesting that both sexes overwinter on their nest.
Novation i norr : Nya dopnamn och namngivningsmönster i Skelleftebygden 1791-1890

The aim of this thesis is to examine and elucidate the introduction of new first names and the patterns of name giving from a social perspective based on material from baptismal registers. The region I have chosen to examine is Skelleftea and its surroundings 1791-1890. The point of departure is that the name giving may be considered a symbolic indication of the division between "us" and "them", based on constantly changing taste. During the period under examination, 1791-1890, 71 149 first names occur and 582 of which has been defined as new, i.e. first names that, as far as I know, did not exist in the area before the first example. Seen as the percentage of names occurring within different social groups the largest portion of new first names is introduced by the bourgeoisie and the smallest by the agrarian group.The new first names have been categorised as either a name choice or a name formation, with the former category containing more names than the latter. As regards categories of new names the bourgeoisie predominantly utilize name choice while for the agrarian group name formation predominates.The new pattern of name giving I have examined is the polyname system, which expands from the 18th Century onwards. The custom first grows in the name giving of girls, especially if born into the bourgeoisie. This social group also introduces the custom for the boys. When the custom of giving two names becomes too common in the region the bourgeoisie returns increasingly to one first name for the children, or to three or four names for each child. As regards the order of the new or old names, for boys the old name is generally placed first, especially among the agrarian group, if the two names are even in other respects e.g. have the same number of syllables.Once a new first name has been introduced it has to spread to survive. Of the 582 new names 422 spread and 160 do not. To examine the initial diffusion process from both a social and a geographical perspective 23 names have been chosen as representatives of different patterns of diffusion. The diffusion is described in terms of influence spreading from district to district or influence in the immediate surroundings. These two geographical aspects have been treated from a social perspective, in terms of a heterogeneous or homogenous social diffusion respectively.
POSISI DAYA SAING DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI EKSPOR BUAH-BUAHAN INDONESIA

The success of competitiveness of Indonesian fruits export in the destination countries is determined by comparative and competitive advantage and other factors. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Product Dynamic (EPD) are used in this research to analyze the position of competitiveness of Indonesian fruits export. This research also uses panel gravity model to analyze the factors which affect the export volume of Indonesia fruits (mango, mangosteen, rambutan, banana, and melon). The results from EPD and RCA method show that fruits which have the highest comparative and competitive advantage in destination countries and the world are mangoesteen, mango, and guava. Indonesian fruit which lost its opportunity to compete in the destination countries is strawberry. The results of this research shows that the factors which influence the export of Indonesian fruits to the destination countries are export price, population, economic distance, real GDP and GDP per capita, real exchange rate, Indonesian consumer price index, and dummy variable of crisis which happened in Europe.