Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation,Identification and Characteristics of a Toluene-degrading Bacterium JB-1

A bacterial strain JB-1 capable of utilizing toluene as sole carbon source was isolated from active sludge collected from Nanjing Petro-chemical Co.,Ltd.It was preliminarily identified as Pseudomonas sp.according to its physiological and biochemical properties and the similarity analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence(GenBank Accession No.EF869278). Strain JB-1 could degrade 346.4 mg/L toluene within 18 h.The optimal pH and temperature for the degradation were 7.0 and 30 ℃,respectively.The degrading rate showed a positive correlation with the initial inoculum size.The biodegradation pathway of toluene has formed cis-toluene dihydrodiol by toluene dioxygenase.
A study on needle stick injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital in India

Background: Needle stick injury among health workers is regarded as an occupational hazard. Health care workers are at risk of having blood-borne diseases in case they are exposed to blood and other biological samples of the patients. Moreover, staff including doctors working in tertiary care hospitals has high work load which results in increased chances of getting these injuries. The aim and objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence of needle stick injury among different categories of health care workers. Authors also aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices associated with it.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study design to know the prevalence of needle stick injury among various health care workers of Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences and Research, a tertiary level care hospital in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. A total of 250 health care workers were selected for the study purpose. A self-designed, semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of needle stick injuries and the factors associated with it.Results: A majority of health care workers (94%) knew about needle stick injury and 92% were aware that HIV can be transmitted through needle stick injury, 78.4% and 69.65% were aware of Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C transmission respectively. About 28.4% of subjects had encountered needle stick injury in their past. Furthermore, it was found that type of exposure and place of exposure was significantly associated with different categories of health care workers (p <0.001). Conclusions: Prevention of health workers against needle stick injury is the best possible way to prevent several bloods borne diseases. There should be a prevention programme which special focus on training of health care workers. Further strategies aiming at preventive measures and reporting of the Needle stick injuries accidents should be made compulsory among health care workers.
Composition and organization of tubulin isoforms reveals a variety of axonemal models

In the flagellum of mammalian spermatozoa, glutamylated and glycylated tubulin isoforms are detected according to longitudinal gradients and preferentially in axonemal doublets 1–5–6 and 3–8, respectively. This suggested a role for these tubulin isoforms in the regulation of flagellar beating. In the present work, using antibodies directed against various tubulin isoforms and quantitative immunogold analysis, we aimed at investigating whether the particular accessibility of tubulin isoforms in the mammalian sperm flagellum is restricted to this model of axoneme surrounded with periaxonemal structures or is also displayed in naked axonemes. In rodent lung ciliated cells, all studied tubulin isoforms are uniformly distributed in all axonemal microtubules with a unique deficiency of glutamylated tubulin in the transitional region. A similar distribution of tubulin isoforms is observed in cilia of Paramecium, except for a decreasing gradient of glutamylated tubulin labeling in the proximal part of axonemal microtubules. In the sea urchin sperm flagellum, predominant labeling of tyrosinated and detyrosinated tubulin in 1–5–6 and 3–8 doublets, respectively, were observed together with decreasing proximo‐distal gradients of glutamylated and polyglycylated tubulin labeling and an increasing gradient of monoglycylated tubulin labeling. In flagella of Chlamydomonas, the glutamylated and glycylated tubulin isoforms are detected at low levels. Our results show a specific composition and organization of tubulin isoforms in different models of cilia and flagella, suggesting various models of functional organization and beating regulation of the axoneme.
Long-Term Sedentary Behavior Of Coconut Crabs In Their Northernmost Range

Movement of the coconut crab Birgus latro was investigated at the Ocean Expo Park in Okinawa Island, Japan, the northernmost range of this large, terrestrial crustacean. Recapture data were obtained using photographic matching of carapace groove patterns to identify individuals. Of the 485 crabs captured and photographed, 122 were recaptured and the distances they moved were recorded during an eight-year study period. Monthly changes in the sex ratios of crab populations at shore and inland areas indicated that females and a few males moved to the shore area during the reproductive season. On average, 69% of males and females did not move more than 200 m from their release points regardless of the duration of the liberty period. Long distance movements were not common. Differences in size and sex did not correlate with the distance moved. These observations indicate that coconut crabs have a highly sedentary lifestyle and that they remain in their home ranges for many years while repeating their homing behavior. The data suggest that coastal forests, which provide a corridor for migration, are important for crab conservation.
Mapping Bushmeat Hunting Pressure in Central Africa

Hunting and trade of wild animals for their meat (bushmeat), especially mammals, is commonplace in tropical forests worldwide. In West and Central Africa, bushmeat extraction has increased substantially during recent decades. Currently, such levels of hunting pose a major threat to native wildlife. In this paper, we compiled published data on hunting offtake of mammals, from a number of studies conducted between 1990 and 2007 in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Republic of Congo. From these data sources, we estimated annual extraction rates of all hunted species and analyzed the relationship between environmental and anthropogenic variables surrounding each hunting rate and levels of bushmeat extraction. We defined hunting pressure as a function of bushmeat offtake and number of hunted species and confirm that hunting pressure is significantly correlated with road density, distance to protected areas and population density. These correlations are then used to map hunting pressure across the Congo Basin. We show that predicted risk areas show a patchy distribution throughout the study region and that many protected areas are located in high‐risk areas. We suggest that such a map can be used to identify areas of greatest impact of hunting to guide large‐scale conservation planning initiatives for central Africa.
Development of a photovoltaic panel emulator and LabVIEW‐based application platform

In this study, a photovoltaic (PV) panel emulator was developed based on a single diode model of a PV cell, and four prototypes of this kind emulator have been produced. In addition, an electronic potentiometer and a central control unit were developed to be used in experimental studies. Each of the developed emulators was planned to be at least 16 W in power. LabVIEW‐based interfaces were designed to reveal the electrical characteristics of the PV panel emulator and compare them with that of an actual PV panel, and the acquired electrical data were graphical analyzed with Matlab program. Results show that the developed PV panel emulator and actual PV panel characteristics are consistent with each other. A low‐cost system which does not need light source for experimental studies has been developed to be used in renewable energy laboratories, and to give psychomotor and cognitive behaviors to students.
Time spent by Apis mellifera L. and Apis cerana indica F. foragers on rapeseed bloom

Studies on time spent per flower by Apis mellifera L. and Apis cerana indica F. were conducted on rapeseed, Brassica campestris var. brown sarson during 1990–91. The two species did not exhibit significant differences in the mean time spent per flower. Also, both the species did not show significant differences at 0900, 1200 and 1500 h of the day in relation to time spent per flower. However, both the species spent maximum time per flower at 0900 h than at 1200 or 1500 h. Further, there were significant differences in the time spent per flower by pollen gatherers of A. mellifera between 0900 and 1200 h.
Frequencies of feet feathering and comb type genes in thenigerian local chicken

Incidence of feet feathering condition, different comb types and the relative frequencies of the genes affecting these conditions were studied in 2030 local chickens. 14.78% of the local chicken surveyed had feathered feet, while 85.22% had non feathered feet. The single comb type was the commonest of the comb type observed in the chickens surveyed. 94.73% of the chickens had single comb, while 3.20% and 2.07% had rose and pea combs respectively. The estimated gene frequency for fish allele affecting feet feathering in the breed was 0.08, while its recessive allele, fih an estimated frequency of O. 92. The P allele for pea comb and the R allele for rose comb had a frequency of O. 02 and 0.01 respectively, while the recessive forms, rand p alleles for single comb had frequencies of 0.99 and 0.98 respectively. These estimated frequencies were found to be significantly different from the expected ratio based on simple Mendelian mode of inheritance of these traits.
Myocardial function characteristics, response to isoproterenol, and calcium uptake activity in rats pretreated with thyroid hormones

Thyroid hormone pretreatment altered rat myocardial function curve c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , showed no effect on the s e n s i t i v i t y of the heart to isoproterenol, and did not change the calcium uptake a c t i v i t y into sarcoplasmic reticulum v e s i c l e s . Hearts from rats treated either for 3 days with L-triiodothyronine (T3 ) or for 7 days with L-thyroxine (T4) were subjected to changes in a t r i a l f i l l i n g pressure from 5 cm of water to 22.5 cm of water on the modified Neely working heart apparatus. Thyroid hormone pretreated rat hearts showed increased pressure and rate parameter measurements over their vehicle pretreated counterparts at a l l a t r i a l f i l l i n g pressures. Time to peak pressure was not s i g n i f i c a n t l y lowered, but relaxation time for the T3 treated rat hearts was s i g n i f i c a n t l y lower than that of control rat hearts at a l l a t r i a l f i l l i n g pressures. T4 hearts had shorter relaxation times than did control hearts at the lower f i l l i n g pressures, but at f i l l i n g pressures over 15cm of water the TM relaxation times approached those of control. At 17.5cm of water f i l l i n g pressure T3 hearts had s i g n i f i c a n t l y shorter relaxation times than did T4 hearts. Measurement of the t o t a l pulse period or t o t a l contraction time showed similar trends, however in t h i s case T3 hearts had shorter t o t a l pulse periods than T4 hearts at a l l a t r i a l f i l l i n g pressures over. 15 cm of water. Areas
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase in the CNS prevents and reverses morphine tolerance in male and female mice

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an intracellular serine amidase that terminates the signalling of various lipid messengers involved in pain regulation, including anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide. Here, we investigated the effects of pharmacological or genetic FAAH removal on tolerance to the anti‐nociceptive effects of morphine.
Spirit collections: a preliminary analysis of some organic materials found in the storage fluids of mammals

Presents preliminary data from the analysis of organic materials that were leached from specimens into their liquid storage media. Fluid samples were taken from the storage media of selected holotypes of mammal specimens. Fluids were analyzed for fatty acids and lipids using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and for the presence of individual amino acids using amino acid analysis. A variety of lipids and their constituent fatty acids were found. Furthermore, some palmitic to stearic acid (P/S) ratios were high (like those found in plants) in comparison to the low ratios normally associated with animal fat. Amino acid profiles indicated that peptides and amino acids also were being leached into the storage fluids. These profiles indicate general protein loss, including some structural proteins. Structural protein loss is characterized by a higher than expected glycerine (in the 30% range) and alanine content. These results form the baseline from which to study the deterioration of the specimens themselves.
The effect of entrepreneurial and learning orientations on financial performance in a transition economy: evidence from forest contracting firms in southern Poland

ABSTRACT This study examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and learning orientation (LO) in the financial success of forest contracting firms. Both EO and LO have previously been understood to positively affect a firm's financial performance, but extant literature has not considered those links in a transition economy. Partially addressing this gap, we execute this study in a Polish context. Using data obtained through a mail survey of 101 owners of forest contracting firms (34% response rate), we found that both EO and LO have a positive and significant effect on financial performance.
Occurrence of Paratylenchus labiosus Anderson & Kimpinski, 1977 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) in Iran, with discussion on the validity of the species

During a survey on the identification of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with walnut in Sanandej region (Kurdistan province, western Iran), a population of Paratylenchus labiosus was collected and identified morphologically. Description, illustrations and morphometrics of the species are given and comparisons are made between it and some related species. Paratylenchus labiosus comes more close to three species namely P. similis, P. tateae and P. italiensis in having certain diagnostic characters such as short stylet less than 18 µm long, concave-conoid head with prominent submedian lobes and tail ending to an acute to finely rounded terminus. However, P. labiosus differs from them in having a spermatheca full of sperm cells and presence of males. Different modes of reproduction (parthenogenesis or amphimixis) may be observed in different populations of some species in this genus, but somewhat unique reproduction behavior of P. labiosus could be considered as a diagnostic character for separation of it from the three closely related species.
Influence of Inorganic and Organic Nutrient Sources on Soil Enzyme Activities

Pot experiments during rabi 2004–05 and 2005–06 in lysimeter and an incubation study in laboratory were conducted with 12 treatments comprising of recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) i.e. NPK (120, 60 and 60 kg ha−1), RDF +10 kg N through 5 organic sources viz., farmyard manure (FYM), carpet waste (CW), press-mud (PM), digested sludge (DS) and poultry manure (PyM), and alone treatments of above organic wastes equivalent to 120 N ha−1 on wheat cv. HUW-533 in lysimeter at Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi. The content of nitrogen in above organics was 0.5, 12, 1.0, 1.0 and 2.5%, respectively. All the integrated treatments of RDF +10 kg N ha−1 through each of the above five organic sources showed greater urease activity than the other treatments at different days after incubation (DAI) whereas the activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) and alkaline phosphatase were more with absolute treatments of the above organic sources of nutrients. In case of incubation study, highest and significant urease (300 µg urea hydrolyzed g−1 h−1) activity was recorded at 30 DAI in the treatment receiving full doses of RDF + 85 kg CW ha−1 followed by treatments of RDF + 2 t FYM and RDF + 1 t PM significantly superior over absolute control (T1). Similarly, maximum build-up of dehydrogenase (74.5 µg TPF g−1day−1) and alkaline phosphatase (90.7 µg pNP produced g−1 h−1) was found in the soils treated with FYM (T8) and with press-mud (T10) at 30 DAI and 120 DAI, respectively.
Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for prevention of deep vein thrombosis in elective cancer surgery: A double‐blind randomized multicentre trial with venographic assessment

Background Surgery for malignant disease carries a high risk of deep vein thrombosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic effect of a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, 40 mg once daily, beginning 2 h before surgery, compared with that of unfractionated low‐dose heparin three times daily.
Inertial Thermostability and Thermoregulation in Broods of Redwing Blackbirds

Metabolic rate and body temperature (Tb) were measured during 2 h of exposure to ambient temperatures (Ta) of 5-32 C in (a) broods of three or four redwing blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) in a nest and (b) single redwings of comparable ages, isolated from the nest. Between 2 and 6 days of age, broods maintained markedly higher Tb's than individuals; for instance, 6-day-old broods usually kept Tb above 35 C even at 5 CTa, whereas the Tb of 6-day-old single animals usually fell to approach Ta at 15 CTa and fell below 35 C even at 25 C Ta. Single 8-day-olds thermoregulated at 15 C and sometimes at 5 C but did so at a higher mass-specific metabolic cost than broods. Thermogenesis is not brought under thermoregulatory control until 4-5 days of age in redwings, although broods can modulate their insulation homeostatically at least as early as 3 days. Two phases are recognized in the life of broods of altricial nestlings. Phase 1 (inertial phase): although thermogenesis is not under thermoregulatory control, Tb's of broods in the nest can remain well above Ta during long parental absences by virtue of thermal inertia; metabolic rates, and probably growth rates, are correspondingly kept from falling. Phase 2 (regulatory phase): broods thermoregulate physiologically, resulting in more effective stabilization of Tb and higher metabolic costs than in phase 1. In redwings and three other passerine species, at least 53%-72% of the increase in body energy content resulting from growth between hatching and fledging occurs during phase 2. Thermoregulatory altriciality has been claimed to promote efficiency of growth by precluding use of energy for thermoregulation. Study of the thermal and metabolic status of broods reveals that although the claim may be valid early in nestling life (phase 1), it can apply only during completion of less than half of nestling growth.
Discard reduction of trammel nets in the Northeastern Mediterranean prawn fishery

Summary In this study the effects on the discard reduction of guarding net rigged prawn trammel nets were examined with the focus on catch composition and income of fishermen for the Mersin Bay small-scale prawn fishery. A total of 15 fishing trips were carried out between September and December 2011, using the commercial net and the alternative experimental net for comparison. The results revealed that catches of the main target species, green tiger prawn (Penaeus semisulcatus), in the alternative nets were only 1.5% smaller than those of the commercial nets, and with a statistically insignificant difference (P > 0.05). However, the catch of the main discarded species, the invasive swimming crab (Charybdes longicollis), mantis shrimp (Rissoides desmaresti), and the blue crab (Portunus pelagicus) were captured 85%, 66%, 75% less often in the alternative nets, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Also reduced was the labour needed to remove the catch from the alternative gear as well as a reduction in the number of tears in the net. An 8% loss of revenue from landings was estimated when using the alternative gear, however, this difference was statistically not significant (P < 0.05).
Measurement Error Problems in Surveys of Motor Vehicle Usage

Travel surveys are subject to a wide range of errors, including sampling error, non-response error and measurement error. This paper considers the issue of measurement error in the estimation of the amount of travel on `employer's business' by personal vehicle. `Employer's business' travel is defined as travel on the business of the employer (e.g. trips to meetings, trips between work sites etc.), but excludes travel between home and work (i.e. commuting). It uses the example of the Survey of Motor Vehicle Usage conducted periodically by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. It shows that, by comparison with a number of other travel surveys, the Survey of Motor Vehicle Usage considerably overestimates the amount of travel on `employer's business' performed in private motor vehicles. Given that `employer's business' travel is generally accorded a higher value of travel time savings in economic evaluations of road improvements, such an error could have a substantial impact on the viability of various road improvements. A reason for the difference is proposed, based on the wording of the specific question and the type of respondent completing the survey, which leads to a significant source of measurement error. Language: en
Competitive dynamics in mixtures of perennial ryegrass cultivars during two growing seasons under two cutting managements

Abstract. Cultivar mixtures of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), which mostly contain both diploids and tetraploids, are widely used in agricultural grassland systems, and yet limited knowledge exists on their competitive interactions after sowing. Two diploid cultivars (AberMagic, Twystar) and a tetraploid (Greengold), sown in different binary mixture ratios, were monitored over a 2-year period under frequent cutting to simulate cattle grazing and conservation managements. Composition was determined from fluctuations in phosphoglucoisomerase allozyme frequencies relative to the frequencies of the component cultivars. An interaction occurred between cultivar sown ratio and seasonal period whereby greater changes in proportions occurred early in the first year. Cultivar proportions were significantly influenced by sown ratio, seasonal period and management. The diploid mixtures remained similar to their sown ratios, whereas the diploid–tetraploid mixtures, sown at 15% and 30%, increased to 33–61% under simulated grazing and 40–59% under conservation use. No changes were observed in the 50 : 50 diploid–tetraploid mixtures. A competitive equilibrium was attained after 1 year and compositions remained stable throughout the second year. The differences in large canopy structure between ploidies are a likely factor affecting competitive ability, and mixture construction should account for these hierarchies to achieve the desired sward composition.