Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Assessment and Impact of Careless Responding in Routine Outcome Monitoring within Mental Health Care

Abstract Careless responding by mental health patients on self-report assessments is rarely investigated in routine care despite the potential for serious consequences such as faulty clinical decisions. We investigated validity indices most appropriate for detecting careless responding in routine outcome monitoring (ROM) in mental health-care. First, we reviewed indices proposed in previous research for their suitability in ROM. Next, we evaluated six selected indices using data of the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire from 3,483 outpatients. Simulations showed that for typical ROM scales the index, Mahalanobis distance, and inter-item standard deviation may be too strongly confounded with the latent trait value to compare careless responding across patients with different symptom severity. Application of two different classification methods to the validity indices did not converge in similar prevalence estimates of careless responding. Finally, results suggest that careless responding does not have a substantial biasing effect on scale-score statistics. We recommend the person-fit index to screen for random careless responding in large ROM data sets. However, additional research should further investigate methods for detecting repetitive responding in typical ROM data and assess whether there are specific circumstances in which simpler validity statistics or direct screening methods perform similarly as the index.
Is the Sum Greater than its Parts? Variations in Substance-Related Consequences by Conjoint Alcohol-Marijuana Use Patterns

ABSTRACT Alcohol and marijuana are the most commonly used substances for college-attending young adults. This study evaluated differences in substance-specific consequence attribution by alcohol-marijuana use patterns (concurrent alcohol and marijuana [CAM; use of both substances, not at same time] and simultaneous [SAM; use of both, at same time]) as well as alcohol-only (AO). First-year college students with prior alcohol use (N = 610, 50.9% women, 71% White, Mage = 18) completed an online assessment of past-three-month substance use, including SAM, and related consequences. Results indicated that polydrug (SAM and CAM) users reported greater alcohol involvement and earlier alcohol initiation than AO, and polydrug use was associated with more alcohol-related problems, including sexual risk taking and alcohol-related blackouts. When restricted to SAM/CAM users, logistic regressions indicated that SAM users reported an increased incidence in two marijuana-related problems relative to CAM (driving after using and academic difficulties), but lower rates of social problems. SAM users were also less likely to attribute substance-related social problems to alcohol. Overall, findings highlight variations that exist within alcohol-marijuana polydrug users and show areas to consider for intervention development and future research.
Finite Element and Experimental Investigation of Piezoelectric Actuated Smart Shells

In the recent years, research on the use of piezoelectric actuators for shape and vibration control of structures has been gaining prominence. Analytical and finite element models have been developed to analyze structures under piezoelectric actuation, but experimental studies, particularly on curved structures, are limited. In the current study, a finite element model is developed for piezoelectric actuated shell structures, based on Ahmad’s reduced shell element. Experiments have been conducted on a number of structures like straight beams, curved beams, and shells. Finite element and experimental results have been shown to match well. Nonlinear behavior has been observed in the experiments, particularly at higher fields, and complete hysteresis loops have been presented. The finite element is then applied to the study of deformation of a typical paraboloid shell (representative antenna shell) under piezoelectric actuation. It has been shown that piezoelectric actuation can be used to induce desired deformation shapes in the antenna shell, which result in beam steering and shaping.
The Effect of Self-Control and Ease of Transactions on Impulsive Buying Tendencies

The current era of digitalization makes people shop without using cash, this can then be related to the convenience factor that can encourage consumers to behave impulsively when shopping or without planning. At the same time consumers are also faced with a situation of ability to self control, for example when they see a new product discount and so on. Such a buying process without planning or suddenly without thinking about the benefits and functions of the item or often called impulsive buying. Another factor that can encourage is the ease of transaction. The sample was taken on students, the analysis tool used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that self-control and ease of transaction affect the tendency to buy impulsively. Therefore it is important that in the future research is carried out on all factors that stimulate impulsive tendencies both externally and internally to consumers.
Mantle Sources of Recent Anatolian Intraplate Magmatism: A Regional Plume or Local Tectonic Origin?

We present an extensive study of rehomogenized olivine‐hosted melt inclusions, olivine phenocrysts, and chromian spinel inclusions to explore the link between geodynamic conditions and the origin and composition of Pliocene–Quaternary intraplate magmatism in Anatolia at Kula, Ceyhan‐Osmaniye, and Karacadağ. Exceptional compositional variability of these products reveals early and incomplete mixing of distinct parental melts in each volcanic center, reflecting asthenospheric and lithospheric mantle sources. The studied primitive magmas consist of (1) two variably enriched ocean island basalt (OIB)‐type melts in Kula; (2) both OIB‐type and plume mid‐ocean ridge basalt (P‐MORB)‐like melts beneath Toprakkale and Üçtepeler (Ceyhan‐Osmaniye); and (3) two variably enriched OIB‐type melts beneath Karacadağ. Estimated conditions of primary melt generation are 23–9 kbar, 75–30 km, and 1415–1215 °C for Kula; 28–19 kbar, 90–65 km, and 1430–1350 °C for Toprakkale; 23–18 kbar, 75–60 km, and 1400–1355 °C for Üçtepeler; and 35–27 kbar, 115–90 km, and 1530–1455 °C for Karacadağ, the deepest levels of which correspond to the depth of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary in all regions. Although magma ascent was likely facilitated by local deformation structures, recent Anatolian intraplate magmatism seems to be triggered by large‐scale mantle flow that also affects the wider Arabian and North African regions. We infer that these volcanics form part of a much wider Arabian‐North African intraplate volcanic province, which was able to invade the Anatolian upper plate through slab gaps.
Metallic slit waveguide for dispersion-free low-loss terahertz signal transmission

Transmission characteristics of a metallic waveguide are presented combining negligible dispersion, very low attenuation, and two-dimensional mode confinement. The waveguide is fabricated by sawing a 270μm wide slit through a 40mm wide and 300μm thick silicon slab and subsequent metalization of all faces. Single-mode terahertz pulses propagating through the slit are excited at one end of the waveguide using a photoconductive antenna array and detected with a freely positionable photoconductive probe tip. Low-loss propagation with negligible group velocity dispersion is observed in the 0.1–1.0THz frequency range. Compared to former approaches considerably stronger mode confinement is achieved.
A Method to Predict Cavitation Inception Using Large-Eddy Simulation and its Application to the Flow Past a Square Cylinder

A new method to predict traveling bubble cavitation inception is devised. The crux of the method consists in combining the enhanced predictive capabilities of large-eddy-simulation (LES) for flow computation with a simple but carefully designed stability criterion for the cavitation nuclei. For LES a second-order accurate finite element model based on the Galerkin/least-squares method with Runge-Kutta time integration is applied. The incoming nucleus' spectrum is approximated by a Weibull distribution. Moreover, it is shown that under typical conditions the stability of the nuclei can be evaluated with an algebraic criterion emerging from the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. This criterion can be expressed as modified critical Thoma number and fits well into the LES approach. The method was applied to study cavitation inception in a flow past a square cylinder A good agreement with experimental results was achieved. Furthermore, the principal advantage over statistical (time-averaged) methods could be clearly demonstrated, even though the spatial resolution and application of the LES were restricted by limited computational resources. As the latter keep on growing, a wider range of applications will become accessible methods for cavitation prediction based on algebraic stability criteria combined with LES.
Vascular Calcification Exacerbates Abnormal Blood Pressure Variability in Chronic Kidney Disease: A “Two-Step” Study in Rats

Introduction: Vascular calcification (VC) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with poor cardiovascular prognosis. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of VC on blood pressure variability (BPV) in animal models of CKD. Methods: Two optimal modelling methods, adenine high-phosphorus (HP) diet + calcitriol and 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) + HP diet + calcitriol, for CKD-VC were chosen from the first-step experiment for the next step. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the standard-chow, sham-operated, adenine, 5/6Nx, adenine-VC, and 5/6Nx-VC groups. Continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement using the BP-2000 animal noninvasive BP analyser was started at the 9th week for the standard-chow, adenine, and adenine-VC groups and at the 7th week for the sham-operated, 5/6Nx, and 5/6Nx-VC groups. BPV metrics (BPVs), including the difference between maximum and minimum values, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, average real variability, and residuals derived from the generalized linear model of BP, were calculated. Results: The first experiment showed that the use of calcitriol accelerated the progression of VC in CKD rats (the modelling period was shortened from 16 weeks to 4–8 weeks) and confirmed the occurrence of VC at weeks 8 and 6 in the adenine-VC and 5/6Nx-VC groups, respectively. In the second experiment, 13 of 20 hour-to-hour BPVs increased significantly with the development of CKD and VC. BPV differences among the standard-chow, adenine, and adenine-VC groups were mainly due to the differences between the standard-chow and adenine-VC groups (7 of 10 BPVs were significantly different), followed by the differences between the standard-chow and adenine groups (3 of 10). BPV differences among the sham-operated, 5/6Nx, and 5/6Nx-VC groups were caused by the differences between the 5/6Nx-VC and 5/6Nx groups (4 of 10) or the 5/6Nx-VC and sham-operated groups (3 of 10). Conclusion: An increased BPV is observed in CKD rats, and VC further aggravates the abnormality of BPVs independent of CKD.
Identification of maize and wheat seedlings and weeds based on deep learning

Introduction: It is well-known that maize and wheat are main food crops in the world. Thus, promoting high quality and abundant maize and wheat crops guarantees the development of the grain industry, which is needed to support world hunger. Weeds seriously affect the growing environment of maize, wheat, and their seedlings, resulting in low crop yields and poor seedling quality. This paper focuses on the identification of maize and wheat seedlings and field weeds using deep learning. Methods: Maize and wheat seedlings and field weeds are the research objects. A weed identification model based on the UNet network model and ViT classification algorithm is proposed. The model uses UNet to segment images. A Python Imaging Library algorithm is used to segment green plant leaves from binary images, to enhance the feature extraction of green plant leaves. The segmented image is used to construct a ViT classification model, which improves the recognition accuracy of maize and wheat seedlings and weeds in the field. Results: This paper uses average accuracy, average recall, and F1 score to evaluate the performance of the model. The accuracy rate (for accurately identifying maize and wheat seedlings and weeds in the field) reaches 99.3%. Compared with Alexnet, VGG16, and MobileNet V3 models, the results show that the recognition effect of the model trained using the method presented in this paper is better than other existing models. Discussion: Thus, this method, which accurately disambiguates maize and wheat seedlings from field weeds can provide effective information support for subsequent field pesticide spraying and mechanical weeding.
Derivation and Validation of a New Visceral Adiposity Index for Predicting Short-Term Mortality of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Chinese Population

The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is related to the occurrence of various cardiometabolic diseases, atherosclerosis, and stroke. However, few studies have analyzed the impact on the short-term prognosis of stroke. We assessed the effect of VAI on short-term prognoses in patients with acute ischemic stroke through a retrospective cohort study of 225 patients with acute stroke who were admitted to the neurological intensive care unit of our hospital. We collected metabolic indicators (blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipids), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and other disease evaluation indicators on 197 patients who were screened for inclusion. VAI was calculated by using baseline data (sex, height, weight, waist circumference (WC)). We assessed functional recovery according to modified Rankin scale scores after 90 days. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the VAI cutoff value that affects short-term outcomes. A nomogram that can predict the risk of short-term mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke was drawn. In total, 28 patients died within 90 days. Those patients had higher VAI (p = 0.000), higher triglyceride (TG) (p = 0.020) and NIHSS scores (p = 0.000), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.000) than patients who survived. VAI had higher predictive value of short-term mortality than did body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (BFMI), and WC. VAI and NIHSS scores were independent risk factors for the short-term mortality of patients with stroke. Patients with a VAI > 2.355 had a higher risk of short-term mortality. VAI has a predictive value higher than that of traditional metabolic indicators such as BMI, BFMI, and WC. The nomogram, composed of NIHSS, VAI, HDL-C, and TG, may predict the short-term mortality of cerebral infarction patients.
Finite plate elements with variable kinematics based on sublaminate generalized unified formulation

Abstract The Sublaminate Generalized Unified Formulation (SGUF) is extended for the first time to the framework of Finite Element Method (FEM) for both displacement-based and mixed (RMVT) formulation. The variable kinematics approach allows to choose different plate models according to the desired level of accuracy. Furthermore, the mixed ESL/LW approach of SGUF makes the model particularly convenient for sandwich structures analysis. A substitute interpolation for the first-order transverse shear strain field, referred to as QC4 interpolation, makes the developed four-node FE locking free and insensitive to mesh distortion. The complete expression of finite element matrices for the PVD-based and RMVT-based elements is provided. The possibility of exactly satisfying transverse stress boundary conditions for RMVT-based elements is also investigated for the first time. The flexibility and accuracy of the computational approach is demonstrated on linear static problems of sandwich plates and beams ranging from global bending response to local indentation problems. In particular, it is demonstrated that the proposed approach is capable of recovering full three-dimensional response with a 2D FE mesh and with less degrees of freedom than the conventional models available in commercial FE packages.
Two-Dimensional Radiative Transfer in Cloudy Atmospheres: The Spherical Harmonic Spatial Grid Method

Abstract A new two-dimensional monochromatic method that computes the transfer of solar or thermal radiation through atmospheres with arbitrary optical properties is described. The model discretizes the radiative transfer equation by expanding the angular part of the radiance field in a spherical harmonic series and representing the spatial part with a discrete grid. The resulting sparse coupled system of equations is solved iteratively with the conjugate gradient method. A Monte Carlo model is used for extensive verification of outgoing flux and radiance values from both smooth and highly variable (multifractal) media. The spherical harmonic expansion naturally allows for different levels of approximation, but tests show that the 2D equivalent of the two-stream approximation is poor at approximating variations in the outgoing flux. The model developed here is shown to be highly efficient so that media with tens of thousands of grid points can be computed in minutes. The large improvement in efficiency wi.
4‐PBA inhibits hypoxia‐induced lipolysis in rat adipose tissue and lipid accumulation in the liver through regulating ER stress

Abstract High‐altitude hypoxia may disturb the metabolic modulation and function of both adipose tissue and liver. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial organelle in lipid metabolism and ER stress is closely correlated with lipid metabolism dysfunction. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether the inhibition of ER stress could alleviate hypoxia‐induced white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis and liver lipid accumulation‐mediated hepatic injury. A rat model of high‐altitude hypoxia (5500 m) was established using hypobaric chamber. The response of ER stress and lipolysis‐related pathways were analyzed in WAT under hypoxia exposure with or without 4‐phenylbutyric acid (PBA) treatment. Liver lipid accumulation, liver injury, and apoptosis were evaluated. Hypoxia evoked significant ER stress in WAT, evidenced by increased GRP78, CHOP, and phosphorylation of IRE1α, PERK. Moreover, Lipolysis in perirenal WAT significantly increased under hypoxia, accompanied with increased phosphorylation of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin. Treatment with 4‐PBA, inhibitor of ER stress, effectively attenuated hypoxia‐induced lipolysis via cAMP‐PKA‐HSL/perilipin pathway. In addition, 4‐PBA treatment significantly inhibited the increase in fatty acid transporters (CD36, FABP1, FABP4) and ameliorated liver FFA accumulation. 4‐PBA treatment significantly attenuated liver injury and apoptosis, which is likely resulting from decreased liver lipid accumulation. Our results highlight the importance of ER stress in hypoxia‐induced WAT lipolysis and liver lipid accumulation.
Observer-based output feedback controller design of piecewise discrete-time linear systems

This brief presents an output feedback controller design method for piecewise discrete-time linear systems based on a piecewise Lyapunov function and a state observer. It is shown that the resulting closed-loop system is globally stable and the controller can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities that is numerically feasible with commercially available software. In other words, it is shown that the separation principle of the controller and observer design is still maintained when the piecewise Lyapunov function is used. A simulation example is also given to illustrate the advantage of the proposed approach.
Nationwide Screening for Bee Viruses in Apis mellifera Colonies in Egypt

Simple Summary Diseases, particularly those caused by viruses, are a major cause of bee colony losses. However, little is known about the prevalence of the pathogens, particularly virus prevalence, of the honey bee in Egypt, one of the most important countries for beekeeping and agricultural production in Africa. To address this shortfall, we determined the prevalence of ten widespread bee viruses in honey bee colonies in Egypt between two major season, winter and summer, in relation to colony infestation by varroa mites. Abstract Honey bees are essential for crop and wild plant pollination. However, many countries have reported high annual colony losses caused by multiple possible stressors. Diseases, particularly those caused by viruses, are a major cause of colony losses. However, little is known about the prevalence of honey bee pathogens, particularly virus prevalence, in Egyptian honey bees. To address this shortfall, we determined the prevalence of widespread bee viruses in honey bee colonies in Egypt—whether it is affected by geography, the season, or infestation with Varroa destructor (varroa) mites. Honey bee worker samples were collected from 18 geographical regions across Egypt during two seasons: winter and summer of 2021. Three apiaries were chosen in each region, and a pooled sample of 150 worker bees was collected from five colonies in each apiary then screened by qPCR for 10 viral targets: acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus (DWV) genotypes A (DWV-A), B (DWV-B) and D (Egyptian bee virus), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), sacbrood virus (SBV), and slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV). Our results revealed that DWV-A was the most prevalent virus, followed by BQCV and ABPV; the DWV genotype now spreading across the world, DWV-B, was not detected. There was no difference in varroa infestation rates as well as virus prevalence between winter and summer. However, colonies infected with BQCV had a significantly higher varroa count (adjusted p < 0.05) in the winter season, indicating that there is a seasonal association between the intensity of infestation by varroa and the presence of this virus. We provide data on the current virus prevalence in Egypt, which could assist in the protection of Egypt’s beekeeping industry. Moreover, our study aids in the systematic assessment of the global honey bee virome by filling a knowledge gap about the prevalence of honey bee viruses in Egypt.
Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates

SUMMARY It is shown how, in regular parametric problems, the first-order term is removed from the asymptotic bias of maximum likelihood estimates by a suitable modification of the score function. In exponential families with canonical parameterization the effect is to penalize the likelihood by the Jeffreys invariant prior. In binomial logistic models, Poisson log linear models and certain other generalized linear models, the Jeffreys prior penalty function can be imposed in standard regression software using a scheme of iterative adjustments to the data.
Strong-field ionization of molecular iodine traced with XUV pulses from a free-electron laser

Ultrafast dynamics of a molecular wave packet created by a strong 120-fs near-infrared (800 nm) laser pulse in iodine has been probed by synchronized 13.4-nm, 35-fs extreme-ultraviolet pulses delivered by the free-electron laser facility in Hamburg, FLASH. The kinetic energy release of the multiply charged ionic fragments reveals three essential steps of strong-field-induced molecular fragmentation dynamics: (i) The creation of I22+ and (I22+)∗ molecular ions proceeds within (75 ± 15) fs full-width-at-half-maximum. (ii) With the onset of the I22+ fragmentation the probability to lose a further electron within the same optical laser pulse rises with increasing I+—I+ internuclear separation and reaches its maximum after ∼30 fs with respect to the pulse maximum. (iii) Charge separation into the I22+ → I2+ + I dissociative channel with an asymmetric charge distribution is completed after (121 ± 22) fs.