Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential treatments with TRK inhibitors in a patient with NTRK fusion-positive sarcoma: A case report

Rationale: Precision medicine and tumor-agnostic treatment strategies have recently been promoted for clinical use. One of the most successful treatments in patients with neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion-positive tumors is targeting the tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) with an inhibitor. The TRK inhibitors, larotrectinib, and entrectinib, have been approved in many countries. Nevertheless, the most effective administration regimen for these TRK inhibitors is uncertain. To date, no reports have shown the efficacy of sequential treatment with larotrectinib and entrectinib in patients with NTRK fusion-positive tumors. In this report, we present a patient with NTRK fusion-positive sarcoma arising from the anterior mediastinum, with tumor progression after 4 months of entrectinib use. The patient took larotrectinib subsequently and maintained disease control for more than 21 months. Patient concerns: A 48-year-old female visited a physician because she experienced difficulty in breathing and chest and back pain with no obvious cause 2 months ago. Computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy was performed at a district general hospital, and histopathological examination revealed a small round cell tumor. She was referred to our hospital, and a second CT-guided biopsy was performed to confirm the pathological diagnosis. Considering the results of the histopathological examination, Ewing sarcoma was suspected, but a specific fusion gene was not detected due to poor quality specimens. Diagnoses: After 3 regimens of cytotoxic chemotherapy, biopsy was repeated, and specimens were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. The PHF20-NTRK1 fusion gene was detected, and the tumor was finally diagnosed as an NTRK fusion-positive sarcoma. Interventions: She was administered the TRK inhibitor entrectinib, but the tumor started to grow after 4 months of medication, and she stopped taking entrectinib. After 1 cycle of cytotoxic chemotherapy, another TRK inhibitor, larotrectinib, was administered. Outcomes: Her stable disease was maintained for more than 21 months. Here, we have shown that sequential administration of both drugs can be effective. Lessons: In the treatment of NTRK fusion-positive tumors, there are cases in which 2 approved first-generation TRK inhibitors can be used sequentially.
Effects of low-severity fire on species composition and structure in montane forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA

Effects of low-severity fire on species composition and structure in montane forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA Kendall M. L. Becker Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Gregory J. Ettl, Associate Professor School of Environmental and Forest Sciences Climate, topography, and fire influence the species composition and structure of montane forest communities in the Sierra Nevada. This thesis uses data from 97, 0.1 ha plots (46 unburned since 1930; 51 burned at moderate-severity or below since 1946) in Yosemite and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks to describe relationships between (1) climatic water balance and species composition, (2) recent fire and species composition, (3) climatic water balance and forest diameter distributions, and (4) recent fire and forest diameter distributions. These analyses are presented in two parts. Chapter I examines the effects of moderate-severity fire and below (hereafter, lower-severity fire) on individual tree species and characterizes the relationships between species composition and (1) modeled climatic water balance and (2)
Regional phase development of the Non-proliferation Experiment within the western United States

To effectively monitor a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, seismologists must be able to confidently detect and identify low-yield explosions. This requires the use of short-period regional phases, which can be extremely complicated. The Non-Proliferation Experiment (NPE) was a low-yield chemical explosion detonated at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and recorded at more than 50 broadband seismic stations located throughout the western United States. These data were used to investigate the development of Lg and Pn, two seismic phases used in regional discriminants. The frequency-dependent attenuation for Lg recorded at 43 stations is described by the relation QLg (vertical) = 238 f1.28. The amplitude decay for Pn recorded at 38 stations is proportional to Δ−(1.29 + 0.05f) for the frequency window of 1 to 6 Hz. After removing the effects of distance and attenuation, we found the values of the spectral ratio Lg (4-6)/(2-4) to group according to the geologic terrain associated with the path traveled. Stations located within the Basin and Range had lower ratio values than stations located outside the Basin and Range. However, for the spectral ratio Pn (2-4)/(4-6), geologic terrain had an indirect effect. Pn is affected by Moho structure associated with the backazimuth, causing an azimuthal dependence. Of course, Moho structure can be a function of geologic terrain. Furthermore, the Pn arrival may be large or small, independent of azimuth. The values of the discriminant phase ratio Pn (1-2)/Lg (2-4) have an order of magnitude more scatter than Lg/Lg or Pn/Pn. Nonetheless, the values are both a function of geologic terrain (the Lg contribution) as well as Moho structure (Pn contribution).
Exploring the impact of renewable energy on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from partial least squares structural equation modeling

The concern for environmental sustainability comes along with sustainable energy for consumption. Therefore, this study aims to explore the direct and indirect effects of renewable energy on economic growth and carbon emissions by employing Partial Least Square Structure Equation Modeling and Granger Causality Test and the data for this study is from 1990 to 2021. The results from the Partial Least Squares Structure Equation Modeling indicate that renewable energy consumption causes carbon emissions and has no effect on economic growth. Financial inclusion and foreign direct investment have positive effects on carbon emissions. However, renewable energy has an indirect negative effect on carbon emissions through economic growth. Foreign direct investment affects economic growth positively. Furthermore, the results from the Granger causality test indicate that renewable energy has a unidirectional causality relationship with financial inclusion and foreign direct investment and has a feedback causality relationship with economic growth. In addition, there is a feedback causal effect between financial inclusion and carbon emissions, a unidirectional effect running from carbon emissions to foreign direct investment, and a causal effect from economic growth to foreign direct investment. This study has suggested comprehensive policy recommendations for policymakers based on the findings.
Association of Psychological Stress With Skin Symptoms Among the Population in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and aim Studies have shown a significant relationship between psychological stress (PS) and health, and it is widely believed that factors such as stress and anxiety may not only be the result of certain diseases but can also cause and exacerbate some diseases. There is a lack of research on PS and its association with other skin conditions. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association of PS with skin symptoms using objective scales in the general population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between February 6, 2023, and April 4, 2023. We administered an electronic questionnaire survey, consisting of Cohen’s perceived stress scale and a self-reported skin complaint questionnaire, distributed via an online platform in the KSA. In all, 629 completed questionnaires were returned. Statistical analysis was conducted using RStudio. The results were presented as beta coefficients and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A p-value of <0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results The majority of the participants were female (71.7%, n=388), of Saudi nationality (93.2%, n=504), had a bachelor’s degree (68.6%, n=371), were aged 18-29 years (58.8%, n=318), and were residing in the Western region (39.9%, n=216). Acne (26.8%, n=145) and eczema (12.8%, n=69) were the most commonly reported skin conditions. The stress level was low in 30.5% of the respondents (n=165), moderate in 64.9% of the respondents (n=351), and high in 4.6% of the respondents (n=25). The average skin symptom score was significantly predicted by the presence of psoriasis (p < 0.001), eczema (p < 0.001), acne (p < 0.001), rash (p < 0.001), and baldness (p = 0.041). Furthermore, the average skin symptoms scores were significantly higher among participants with high stress (median = 1.6, interquartile range (IQR) = 1.4, 1.8) than among those with moderate (median = 1.4, IQR = 1.2, 1.8) and low stress (median = 1.4, IQR = 1.1, 1.4, p < 0.001). Conclusion The general population of Saudi Arabia reported multiple skin symptoms associated with stress. PS can cause various common skin conditions including loss of hair, eczema, and acne. This study highlights the importance of assessing common skin problems in the general population in the KSA and their strong association with PS. Various skin conditions including loss of hair, eczema, and acne can be caused by PS. Dermatologists should be aware of the context of PS when assessing patients with these conditions.
Geologic influence on groundwater salinity drives large seawater circulation through the continental shelf

Observations of offshore freshened groundwater and saline groundwater discharge along continental shelves have important implications for water resources, ecosystem function, and the composition of the ocean, but they cannot be explained by basic theory. We show that these independent observations are linked and result from processes that drive variable‐density groundwater flow through the spatial heterogeneity that is ubiquitous in geologic formations. We use lithologic data to develop geostatistical models that mimic the architecture of coastal aquifers. Simulation of groundwater flow and salt transport through these random realizations shows that heterogeneity produces spatially complex subsurface salinity distributions that extend tens of kilometers offshore, even at steady state. The associated density gradients drive high saline groundwater circulation rates that cannot be predicted by equivalent homogeneous models. Results suggest that these phenomena may be common along continental shelves, potentially altering estimates of ocean chemical budgets and impacting coastal water management for future generations.
Comparison of Efficacy of Combination of Bromelain, Rutocide, and Trypsin With Serratiopeptidase on Postoperative Sequelae Following Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction Pain, swelling, trismus, and dry socket are common postoperative complications of mandibular third molar surgery (MTMS), which is a routine minor oral surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the combination of bromelain, rutocide, and trypsin versus serratiopeptidase in reducing postoperative sequelae after MTMS. Materials and methods It was a pilot study conducted from October 2022 to May 2023 in the outpatient department of a private dental institution. Patients with horizontal position C mandibular third molar impaction were enrolled, and a surgical procedure was performed. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A received tab Rutocide D (trypsin 48mg, bromelain 90mg, rutoside 100mg, and diclofenac 50mg) twice daily, and Group B received tab Zerodol SP (aceclofenac 100mg, paracetamol 325mg, and serratiopeptidase 15mg) twice daily in the postoperative period of five days. Outcome parameters like pain, using the visual analog scale (VAS), and mouth opening, were measured on postoperative days one and seven. An Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) was used for data entry and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 23.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The patients included in the study were analyzed postoperatively. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the variables between groups. Results The data analyzed showed that the pain perception in Group A was less when compared to Group B. On postoperative day one, the mean VAS score in Group A was 4.0 ± 0.3 and in Group B was 5.2 ± 0.4. On postoperative day seven the mean VAS score in Group A was 1.4 ± 0.43 and in Group B was 3.0 ± 0.4. The results were statistically significant with less pain experienced by participants in Group A compared to participants in Group B on both postoperative day one and postoperative day seven. On the first postoperative day, patients in Group A had a mean mouth opening of 33.68 ± 1.42, whereas patients in Group B had a mean mouth opening of 29.41 ± 1.86, which was statistically significant. Similarly, on postoperative day seven, patients in Group B had a mean mouth opening of 31.73 ± 3.27, whereas patients in Group A had a mean mouth opening of 36.32 ± 0.24, which was statistically significant. Conclusion It is concluded that the proteolytic enzyme combination of trypsin, bromelain, and rutocide is more efficacious than serratiopeptidase in reducing postoperative sequelae after MTMS.
Experimental study on the treatment of AMD by SRB immobilized particles containing “active iron” system

The inhibition and toxicity of high acidity and heavy metals on sulfate-reducing bacteria in acid mine drainage (AMD) were targeted. Highly active SRB immobilized particles were prepared using SRB, warm sticker wastes (iron powders), corncobs, and Maifan stones as the main matrix materials, employing microbial immobilization technology. The repair ability and reusability of highly active immobilized particles for AMD were explored. The results indicate that the adaptability of immobilized particles to AMD varied under different initial conditions, such as pH, Mn2+, and SO42-. The adsorption process of immobilized particles on Mn2+ follows the quasi-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it involves both physical and chemical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of immobilized particles for Mn2+ is 3.878 mg/g at a concentration of 2.0 mg/L and pH 6. On the other hand, the reduction process of immobilized particles on SO42- adheres to the first-order reaction kinetics, indicating that the reduction of SO42- is primarily driven by the dissimilation reduction of SRB. The maximum reduction rate of SO42- by immobilized particles is 94.23% at a concentration of 800 mg/L and pH 6. A layered structure with a flocculent appearance formed on the surface of the immobilized particles. The structure’s characteristics were found to be consistent with sulfate green rust (FeII4FeIII2(OH)12SO4·8H2O). The chemisorption, ion exchange, dissimilation reduction, and surface complexation occurring between the matrices in the immobilized particles can enhance the alkalinity of AMD and decrease the concentration of heavy metals and sulfates. These results are expected to offer novel insights and materials for the treatment of AMD using biological immobilization technology, as well as improve our understanding of the mechanisms behind biological and abiotic enhanced synergistic decontamination.
A non-socially-sensitive predictive model of prostate cancer for Asian males with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A multi-site cross-sectional case-control study

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in aging Asian males and is associated with an excess risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa). However, discussions about socially-sensitive experiences such as sexual activity, which can significantly predict PCa risk, may be considered stigmatized in Asian culture. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for PCa risk in Asian males with BPH using non-socially-sensitive information. Methods A cross-sectional case-control study, with PCa patients as the cases and remaining as the controls, was conducted on a cohort of Taiwanese males with BPH from four medical institutions. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, excluding those aged over 86 years or who had received human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Non-socially-sensitive variables such as obesity, occupational exposure, HPV infection, and PCa family history score (FH score) were included in a fully adjusted logistic regression model, and depicted using a nomogram. Results Among 236 BPH patients, 45.3% had PCa. Obesity, occupational exposure, HPV infection, and family history of PCa were significantly associated with PCa risk. The FH score (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.03–3.47, P = 0.041) had the highest impact, followed by HPV infection (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.03–2.11, P = 0.034), occupational exposure (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.15–1.51, P <0.001), and obesity (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07–1.41, P = 0.005). The nomogram accurately depicted the predictive risk, and the model demonstrated robust performance compared to individual factors. In addition, the subgroup analysis results showed elderly age group could obtain more favorable predictive performance in our proposed model (AUC = 0.712). Conclusion This non-socially-sensitive predictive model for PCa risk in Taiwanese males with BPH integrates multiple factors that could provide acceptable PCa risk-predictive performance, especially for elderly BPH patients over 70 years, aiding clinical decision-making and early cancer detection.
Management of Alzheimer's disease

Despite a huge amount of research investiment during the past three decades there is still no cure or disease-modifying therapy of any kind for Alzheimer's disease, and only very limited progress has been made since the millenium. This review provides a perspective on how Alzheimer's disease symptoms are currently treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, and what the evidence for each is. In the absence of new drugs, it is remarkable how well medical foods and behavioural interventions fare in comparison, although much research is still required. A true causal therapy of Alzheimer's disease will have to await the unvailing of its ultimate cause.
Wastewater Treatment in Greenland

viii [D] Gunnarsdóttir, R. , Jenssen, P.D. , Nyborg, I. , Kallenborn, R. , Villumsen, A. , Jensen, P.E. , 2010. Environmental and social benefits of improved handling and disposal of black wastewater in Greenland. An abstract presented at the conference Arctic Frontiers 2010: Living in the North, Tromsø, Norway, January 24-29 2010. [E] Gunnarsdóttir, R. , Jenssen, P.D. , Hanssen, J-F, Villumsen, A. , Jensen, P.E. , Kallenborn, R. , 2011. Sanitation in the Arctic-Challenges and solutions. An abstract presented at the conference SmallWat11: Wastewater in small communities, Sevilla, Spain, May 2-4 2011. Reports by the author which have not been included in the thesis [F] Gunnarsdóttir, R. , Jørgensen, M.W. , 2008. Affaldshåndtering i Grønland: Status på affaldshåndtering i 10 grønlandske kommuner, september 2008. Byg Rapport R-190. ISBN: 9788778772664. [G] Gunnarsdóttir, R. , Jenssen, P.D. , Villumsen, A. , Jensen, P.E. , Erlingsdóttir, E. , Jóhannesson, H. , and other participants in the NORA project Sanitet i turisthytter, 2011. Sanitet i turisthytter: Afsluttende rapport, 17. juni 2011. Available on NORAs homepage (April 27 2012): http://www.nora. fo/files/13/20120103140213454.pdf
Nitrogen doses on soybean growth and Asian rust progress in two cultivars

The main goal of this study was to analyze the range of effects of nitrogen doses on Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow) progress over two soybean (Glycine max Merril) cultivars. Two experiments were carried out in greenhouse and in the field, during the 2011/12 and 2012/13 crop years. In the greenhouse, plants were grown in sand in 2011/12 and in a mix of sand and soil in 2012/2013, and supplied with five N doses by dripping fertigation. In the field, the crop was fertilized with six nitrogen doses with broadcast applications. The pathogen was inoculated in all experiments. It was assessed the Area Under Rust Progress Curve (AURPC), defoliation, dry matter, total concentration of N in leaves, number of grains per plant, thousand grain weight and yield. In the greenhouse experiment, nitrogen rates increased the plant growth and the disease progress during the first year. In 2011/12 field assay, a slight decrease of rust progress and a slight increase in yield from 160 to 242 kg ha-1 were recorded. However, under favorable environmental conditions for Asian soybean rust, the increases in grain yield obtained by using high N rates on both cultivars were minor than the damage caused by the disease.
Enhancement in sustained release of antimicrobial peptide and BMP-2 from degradable three dimensional-printed PLGA scaffold for bone regeneration

One of the goals of bone tissue engineering is to create scaffolds with well-defined, inter-connected pores, excellent biocompatibility and osteoinductive ability. Three-dimensional (3D)-printed polymer scaffold coated with bioactive peptide are an effective approach to fabricating ideal bone tissue engineering scaffolds for bone defect repair. However, the current strategy of adding bioactive peptides generally cause degradation to the polymer materials or damage the bioactivity of the biomolecules. Thus, in this study, we used a biomimetic process via poly(dopamine) coating to prepare functional 3D PLGA porous scaffolds with immobilized BMP-2 and ponericin G1 that efficiently regulate the osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and simultaneously inhibit of pathogenic microbes, thereby enhancing biological activity. In this study, we analysed a 3D PLGA porous scaffold by scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle measurements, and materials testing. Subsequently, we examined the adsorption, release and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the 3D PLGA. Surface characterization showed that poly(dopamine) surface modification could more efficiently mediate the immobilization of BMP-2 and ponericin G1 onto the scaffold surfaces than physical adsorption, and that ponericin G1-immobilized 3D PLGA scaffolds were able to maintain long-term antibacterial activity. We evaluated the influence on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation by culturing MC3T3-E1 cells on different modified 3D PLGA scaffolds in vitro. The biological results indicate that MC3T3-E1 cell attachment and proliferation on BMP-2/ponericin G1-immobilized 3D PLGA scaffolds were much higher than those on other groups. Calcium deposition, and gene expression results showed that the osteogenic differentiation of cells was effectively improved by loading the 3D PLGA scaffold with BMP-2 and ponericin G1. In summary, our findings indicated that the polydopamine-assisted surface modification method can be a useful tool for grafting biomolecules onto biodegradable implants, and the dual release of BMP-2 and ponericin G1 can enhance the osteointegration of bone implants and simultaneously inhibit of pathogenic microbes. Therefore, we conclude that the BMP-2/ponericin G1-loaded PLGA 3D scaffolds are versatile and biocompatible scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.