Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
At the root of the left–right asymmetries in spatial–numerical processing: From domestic chicks to human subjects

In this review, we discuss evidence showing that birds (Gallus gallus and Nucifraga columbiana) represent numerical magnitudes as being oriented from left to right. Subjects, trained to identify a target element (i.e. the 4th) in a series of sagittally oriented identical elements, when required to generalise on an identical series oriented spatially from left to right, correctly identified the target element “counting” from the left of the array. Moreover, chicks, when presented with sets of 5 vs. 10 or 6 vs. 9 imprinting objects, which were made to disappear one at a time behind one of two identical screens, spontaneously inspected the screen which occluded the larger set. Interestingly, chicks scored a higher percentage of correct choices when the larger of the two sets was on their right side. Similarities with the phenomenon of the spatially oriented (left to right) number line in humans are discussed. Animal models promise a fresh approach to the understanding of developmental mechanisms underlying the expression of knowledge, offering attractive arguments for doubting the uniqueness of human numerical cognition.
Reflection of gravity waves by a steep beach with a porous bed

Solutions are determined for normally incident non-breaking linear gravity waves in a perfect fluid over a porous plane bed of arbitrary slope α both with and without bed friction. For simplicity, computations are restricted to α=π/2m, m∈N. Modifications to wave height transformations due to percolation and to friction are determined for a variety of slopes and coefficients. The effect on the reflection coefficient Rf is also studied and excellent qualitative agreement is found with recent work on damping and reflection by permeable structures. In particular, for a choice of parameters, the Rf response is determined in closed form.
On L-functions for GSp(4) X GL(2) and their special values.

The purpose of this paper is to present a new integral representation of a degree eight L-function for GSp(4) x GL(2). In principle our method always works when both forms correspond to holomorphic modular forms and in this case under certain assumptions we obtain a special value result (Theorem 4.8.3) for this L-function. We believe our result fits into the general conjecture on special values of L-functions by Deligne [4], There is also a very interesting conjecture on special values of quadratic twists of degree four L-functions for GSp(4) by B cherer [3]. But s far s the author knows, our result is the first general one on special values related to the degree four L-functions for GSp(4).
Eulerian–Lagrangian Method for Constituent Transport in Water Distribution Networks

The transport and mixing of contaminants in conduits is governed by advection, dispersion, and decay. Several models are available to trace the transport of such constituents and most assume that the principal mechanisms for transport are advection and reaction only. However in pipes where low velocities prevail, longitudinal dispersion is significant and models that neglect the dispersion effects fail to properly simulate the observed concentrations in low velocity pipes. This work presents a method for simulating the advection-dispersion-reaction process of constituent transport in water networks. A Eulerian–Lagrangian method is employed whereby the dispersion term in the governing equation is approximated using finite differences and the resulting first-order partial differential equation is then integrated using the method of characteristics. Analytical solutions of the transport equation are also derived to quantify the effect of neglecting dispersion at pipe junctions and to assess the accuracy of t.
On the Order of Convergence of Solutions of a Difference Equation to a Solution of the Diffusion Equation

is of wide interest in applied mathematics and physics, appearing in problems in heat conduction, Brownian motion, genetics, transistors and other problems of diffusion. In fact, with t a purely imaginary variable it becomes a special case of Schroedinger's equation in one dimension. If we consider (1.1) in the region R: 0 0, with its solutions u(x, t) subject to the boundary conditions
Prevalence of mental health symptoms in children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A meta‐analysis

The COVID‐19 pandemic and its accompanying infection control measures introduced sudden and significant disruptions to the lives of children and adolescents around the world. Given the potential for negative impacts on the mental health of youths as a result of these changes, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during the pandemic. We searched major literature databases for relevant cross‐sectional or longitudinal studies that included primary and secondary school students or children and adolescents ≤18 years of age. Prevalence values were extracted, logit‐transformed, and pooled. Based on 191 included studies with 1,389,447 children and adolescents, we found the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances to be 31%, 31%, and 42%, respectively. Age, grade levels, education levels, gender, geographical regions, and electronics use were correlated with the prevalence of mental health symptoms. The prevalence of mental health symptoms also increased with time, although signs of recovery and stabilization were also observed. Overall, the results from this review demonstrate the need for increased mental health research, monitoring, and intervention for children and adolescents during the current and future pandemics.
An Examination of Individual Ability Estimation and Classification Accuracy Under Rapid Guessing Misidentifications

ABSTRACT To mitigate the deleterious effects of rapid guessing (RG) on ability estimates, several rescoring procedures have been proposed. Underlying many of these procedures is the assumption that RG is accurately identified. At present, there have been minimal investigations examining the utility of rescoring approaches when RG is misclassified, and individual scores are reported. To address this limitation, the present simulation study investigates the effect of RG misclassifications on individual examinee ability estimate bias and classification accuracy when using effort-moderated (EM) scoring. This objective is accomplished by manipulating simulee ability level, RG rate, as well as misclassification type and percentage. Results showed that EM scoring significantly improved ability inferences for examinees engaging in RG; however, the effectiveness of this approach was largely dependent on misclassification type. Specifically, across ability levels, bias tended to be on average lower when falsely classifying effortful responses as RG. Although EM scoring improved bias, it was susceptible to elevated false-positive classifications of ability under high RG.
“We don’t feel like we belong”: Graduate Students’ of Color Racialized Experiences in Hybrid HESA Graduate Programs

Using Critical Race Theory and sense of belonging, we examined the racialized experiences of 17 graduate Students of Color in hybrid higher education and student affairs (HESA) graduate preparation programs in the United States to understand how faculty members contribute to their sense of belonging. The experiences of graduate Students of Color in hybrid HESA programs are complex and multi-layered; therefore, this study used a critical phenomenological approach to examine how their racialized experiences influence their experiences in hybrid classrooms. Graduate Students' of Color racialized experiences were shaped by three factors, which are illustrated in the findings: faculty ability to discuss acts of racism, racialized experiences with faculty, and including diverse perspectives in the classroom. Participants’ experiences illuminate the importance of applying culturally conscious approaches to program development, curriculum, advising, and pedagogical practices, especially for graduate Students of Color. Implications and recommendations for hybrid HESA graduate programs coordinators and faculty are described in-depth, including recommendations for how higher education scholars can situate equity and inclusion into hybrid classroom conversations and everyday interactions with graduate Students of Color.
Structural behavior of two-cell composite rotor blades with elastic couplings

Vlasov theory is expanded to analyze two-cell composite rotor blades made out of general composite laminates including the transverse shear deformation of the cross section. Variation of shear stiffness along the contour of the section is included in the warping function. To validate this analysis, two-cell graphite-epoxy composite blades with extension-torsion coupling were fabricated using a matched-die molding technique
Optical laser spectroscopy and hyperfine structure investigation of the 102S, 112S, 82D, and 92D excited levels in francium

The authors present an extension to low-lying states of francium (10s, 11s, 8d, 9d) of a previously published high-resolution experiment performed on the ns and nd Rydberg levels. These four levels were investigated at CERN with the on-line mass separator ISOLDE using stepwise laser excitation in collinear geometry. Accurate energy measurements lead to a more reliable determination of the quantum defects of the whole ns and nd series, together with the ionization potential for 212Fr (nuclear spin I=5) which is found to be 32848.872 (9) cm-1. The measurement of the fine structure splittings for the nd 2D3/2, 5/2 doublets was completed at the same time. The main result of the study is the first observation and measurement of hyperfine structures in 2S and 2D states.
Impaired muscle stem cell function and abnormal myogenesis in acquired myopathies

Abstract Skeletal muscle possesses a high plasticity and a remarkable regenerative capacity that relies mainly on muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Molecular and cellular components of the MuSC niche, such as immune cells, play key roles to coordinate MuSC function and to orchestrate muscle regeneration. An abnormal infiltration of immune cells and/or imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines could lead to MuSC dysfunctions that could have long lasting effects on muscle function. Different genetic variants were shown to cause muscular dystrophies that intrinsically compromise MuSC function and/or disturb their microenvironment leading to impaired muscle regeneration that contributes to disease progression. Alternatively, many acquired myopathies caused by comorbidities (e.g., cardiopulmonary or kidney diseases), chronic inflammation/infection, or side effects of different drugs can also perturb MuSC function and their microenvironment. The goal of this review is to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on acquired myopathies and their impact on MuSC function. We further describe potential therapeutic strategies to restore MuSC regenerative capacity.
Superposition in homogeneous and vector valued Sobolev spaces

We give a sufficient condition on a function f: ℝ k → ℝ so that it takes by superposition the homogeneous vector valued space W m P ∩ W 1 mp (ℝ n ,ℝ k ) into the corresponding real valued space, for integers m,n, k such that m > 2, k, n > 1, and p ∈ (1,+∞[. In case k = 1, this condition also turns out to be necessary. For k > 1, it is not proved to be necessary, but it is weaker than the conditions used till now, such as the continuity and boundedness of all derivatives up to order m.
Relationship of E-Commerce, Influencer Marketing and Social Media to Digital Marketing (Marketing Management Literature Review)

The Literature Review article on the Relationship of E-Commerce, Influencer Marketing and Social Media to Digital Marketing is a scientific article that aims to build a research hypothesis on the influence between variables that will be used in further research, within the scope of Marketing Management. The method of writing this Literture Review article is using the library research method, which is sourced from online media such as Google Scholar, Mendeley and other academic online media. The results of this study are: 1) E-Commerce is related to Digital Marketing; 2) Influencer Marketing is related to Digital Marketing; and 3) Social Media related to Digital Marketing. Apart from these 3 exogenous variables that affect the endogenous variables, there are many other factors including the display of advertising, word of mouth and event marketing variables.
Linking ecosystem service benefit and grazing prohibition intensity can better optimize fence layout in northern Tibet

There is an urgent need to link grazing exclusion policy and the resulting benefits for fence layout management. However, policy implementation intensity and benefits are rarely considered together. Here, combining the changes in the rate of the livestock and fenced area, we constructed a grazing prohibition intensity (GPI) index that reflected the intensity of policy implementation. We also quantified ecosystem service benefits (ESBs), including net primary productivity (NPP) and soil conservation by the different models. Then, a new perspective in combination with ESBs and GPI was used to assess whether a fence layout is appropriate using the four–quadrant model and how to optimize a potentially unreasonable fence layout based on seven drivers. We found that the NPP and soil conservation service notably increased by 59% and 87%, respectively, in the total fenced area, after the implementation of the grazing exclusion program. The high values of ESBs and GPI were concentrated in the eastern and central‐eastern regions of the northern Tibet, respectively. Moreover, the potentially unreasonable fence layout accounted for 10% of the total fenced area, and was focused on meadow areas with a high human footprint. The area proportion of reasonable fence layout coupling ESBs and GPI increased by 20% compared with ESBs individually. Finally, an optimal potential unreasonable fence layout might reduce the mismatch between the ESB and GPI by considering countermeasures such as attention to the potential unreasonable fence layout, setting a target for supplying carbon sinks and soil and water conservation quantities and reducing the human footprint. Our study indicates the necessity of linking ESBs and GPI for fence layout management.
Nutritive value of Serbian camelina genotypes as an alternative feed ingredient

Camelina has been used from ancient times, but recently has re-emerged as a valuable plant with the potential for successful replacement of conventional oilseed crops. The utilisation of camelina and its by-products in animal feed is a matter of scientific study due to their excellent nutritional potential. The present study aimed to investigate the nutritive value of two Serbian camelina seed genotypes (NS Zlatka and NS Slatka) as a potential alternative to commonly used oilseed crops in animal feeding. For that purpose proximate composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid profile and tocopherols were analysed. The study also included the investigation of the content of anti-nutritive compounds that can adversely affect the nutritional value of feed. The results showed that camelina seeds had a high amount of proteins (around 28%), amino acids and gtocopherols. Camelina genotypes were characterized by unique fatty acids composition, with its oil consisting of approximately 57% polyunsaturated fatty acids, of which the highest proportions were a-linolenic acid (~37%) and linoleic acid (~17%). An optimal ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (0.5) was also reported in this study. The concentration of anti-nutritional factors and heavy metals in camelina seeds was below the maximum set limit for feedstuff. To conclude, the investigated Serbian camelina genotypes can be used as a valuable source of proteins, essential fatty acids and tocopherols in animal nutrition and has a great potential to replace conventional oilseeds.
Incidence of facial pressure injuries in health‐care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Aim To evaluate the incidence of facial pressure injuries in health‐care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a meta‐analysis. Methods Related studies were obtained through electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Chinese Scientific Journal (VIP) China Biomedical Literature service systems (CBM) and Wanfang Data (from inception to 27 November 2021). The pooled incidence and the 95% confidence interval of facial pressure injuries were calculated with Review Manager v5.4 software. Results Overall, 16 studies with 14 430 health‐care professionals were included. Pooled results showed that the pooled incidence of facial pressure injury in health‐care professionals was 58.8% (95% CI: 49.0%–68.7%; p < 0.01). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of facial pressure injury in these staff was high, and predominantly stage I pressure injury, in the following cases: in health‐care professionals who wore personal protective equipment for longer than 4 h, in those without any training experience, and on the nose. Conclusion Administrators and researchers should pay attention to preventing facial pressure injury related to the wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE) by ensuring all health‐care professionals receive training and by limiting prolonged periods of use.
SISAR: shadow inverse synthetic aperture radiolocation

A main prerequisite for obtaining radio images and for identifying air objects (AO) in bistatic radar systems, when using the shadow or forward scattering radiolocation method, is the fact that the shadow component of the forward-scattered field of an object relates to its shadow aperture by a two-dimensional Fourier transform in the Fraunhofer zone, or two-dimensional Fresnel transform in approaching the Fresnel zone. Since during the movement of AO prolonged observation (some tens of seconds) is possible and also the sum of the target signal and the direct signal of the transmitter is present at the reception point, an interference signal can be characterized as a one-dimensional shadow radio hologram synthesized coherently in time, or a radio holographic signal (RHS). It is known that a large-size high azimuth resolution (along the path line) equivalent receiving aperture can be synthesized when an observation system or a target is moving. In accordance with the established terminology we deal with the mode of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in the first case, and with the mode of inverse SAR, or ISAR in the second case. Thus, when the shadow radiolocation is used, the mode of interest to us can be described as the mode of shadow ISAR, or SISAR in abbreviated form.
A NEW APPROACH TO NONLINEAR EQUATIONS FOR A SHALLOW UNSYMMETRICAL HEATED SANDWICH SHELL OF DOUBLE CURVATURE

A completely new set of uncoupled differential equations is derived that governs the behavior of an elastic, unsymmetrical, doubly curved, heated sandwich shell whose face sheets are of unequal thickness and of different materials. The equations include nonlinear effects and can be used for the analysis of the movable as well as immovable edge conditions. However, a restriction that the element's radii of curvature be large compared with the overall thickness of the sandwich is imposed. Reducing the present set of equations to the symmetrical case, the equations can be easily identified with those of Grigotyuk. Finally, the numerical results of a rectangular unsymmetrical sandwich cylindrical shell under thermal loading have been computed and compared with other available results.
The Distance Scale for Classical Cepheid Variables

New radii, derived from a modified version of the Baade-Wesselink (BW) method that is tied to published KHG narrowband spectrophotometry, are presented for 13 bright Cepheids. The data yield a best-fitting period-radius relation given by log ⟨R/R⊙⟩ = 1.071(±0.025) + 0.747(±0.028) log P0. In combination with other high-quality radius estimates recently published by Laney & Stobie, the new data yield a period-radius relation described by log ⟨R/R⊙⟩ = 1.064(±0.0006) + 0.750(±0.006) log P0, which simplifies to ⟨R⟩ ∝ P3/4. The relationship is used to test the scale of Cepheid luminosities inferred from cluster zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) fitting, for which we present an updated list of calibrating Cepheids located in stellar groups. The cluster ZAMS-fitting distance scale tied to a Pleiades distance modulus of 5.56 is found to agree closely with the distance scale defined by Hipparcos parallaxes of cluster Cepheids and also yields Cepheid luminosities that are a good match to those inferred from the period-radius relation. The mean difference between absolute visual magnitudes based on cluster ZAMS fitting, ⟨MV⟩C, and those inferred for 23 cluster Cepheids from radius and effective temperature estimates, ⟨MV⟩BW, in the sense of C - BW is +0.019 ± 0.029 s.e. There is no evidence to indicate the need for a major revision to the Cepheid cluster distance scale. The absolute magnitude differences are examined using available [Fe/H] data for the cluster Cepheid sample to test the metallicity dependence of the period-luminosity relation. Large scatter and a small range of metallicities hinder a reliable estimate of the exact relationship, although the data are fairly consistent with predictions from stellar evolutionary models. The derived dependence is ΔMV(C - BW) = +0.06(±0.03) - 0.43(±0.54)[ Fe/H].
Distributed spectral pairwise ranking algorithms

This paper considers spectral pairwise ranking algorithms in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The concerned algorithms include a large family of regularized pairwise learning algorithms. Motivated by regularization methods, spectral algorithms are proposed to solve ill-posed linear inverse problems, then developed in learning theory and inverse problems. Recently, pairwise learning tasks such as bipartite ranking, similarity metric learning, Minimum Error Entropy principle, and AUC maximization have received increasing attention due to their wide applications. However, the spectral algorithm acts on the spectrum of the empirical integral operator or kernel matrix, involving the singular value decomposition or the inverse of the matrix, which is time-consuming when the sample size is immense. Our contribution is twofold. First, under some general source conditions and capacity assumptions, we establish the first-ever mini-max optimal convergence rates for spectral pairwise ranking algorithms. Second, we consider the distributed version of the algorithms based on a divide-and-conquer approach and show that, as long as the partition of the data set is not too large, the distributed learning algorithm enjoys both computational efficiency and statistical optimality.