Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception of Current Educational Environment, Clinical Competency, and Depression among Malaysian Medical Students in Clinical Clerkship: A Cross-Sectional Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the educational environment of medical students in clinical clerkship, with potential impacts on clinical competency and reported increased prevalence of depression. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the perception of the educational environment, self-perceived clinical competency, and depression among them. Subjects (N = 196) at the National University of Malaysia participated through convenience sampling in an online survey including sociodemographic data, COVID-19-related stressors, Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM), self-perceived clinical competency, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The cut-off point for depression was a PHQ-9 score ≥ 15. Multiple logistic regression followed bivariate analyses to identify factors for depression. The participants (mean age: 23.2 years, SD ± 0.98 years) were mainly female (71.9%) and Malay (59.2%). The prevalence of depression was 17.4% (95% CI: 12.3–23.4%). Most participants perceived the educational environment positively. In logistic regression, ethnicity (Adjusted OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2–8.1) and DREEM score were significantly associated with depression, whereas self-perceived clinical competency was not. A higher DREEM score indicating a better perception of the educational environment was linked to a lower likelihood of depression (p = 0.046). Besides ethnicity, perception of the educational environment emerged as a factor associated with depression. This relationship between the educational environment and mental well-being warrants further exploration.
The Theory of Canonical Moments with Applications in Statistics, Probability, and Analysis

Canonical Moments. Orthogonal Polynomials. Continued Fractions and the Stieltjes Transform. Special Sequences of Canonical Moments. Canonical Moments and Optimal DesignFirst Applications. Discrimination and Model Robust Designs. Applications in Approximation Theory. Canonical Moments and Random Walks. The Circle and Trigonometric Functions. Further Applications. Bibliography. Indexes.
Modeling of Elastic Deformation of Multilayers Due to Residual Stresses and External Bending

A general closed-form solution for elastic deformation of multilayers due to residual stresses and external bending is derived. Based on the general solution, simplified solutions for residual stress distributions in multiple layers of thin films on a thick substrate are obtained. These simplified solutions can be expressed as functions of either mismatch strains between film layers and substrate or the curvature of the system. The simplified solution for the special case of one film layer on a substrate is also presented, and its accuracy is discussed.
Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Hesperidin with Polymer Excipients for Enhanced Apparent Solubility as a More Effective Approach to the Treatment of Civilization Diseases

The present study reports amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of hesperidin (Hes) prepared by ball milling to improve its solubility and apparent solubility over the unmodified compound. The carriers were Soluplus® (Sol), alginate sodium (SA), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). XRPD analysis confirmed full amorphization of all binary systems in 1:5 w/w ratio. One glass transition (Tg) observed in DSC thermograms of hesperidin:Soluplus® (Hes:Sol) and hesperidin:HPMC (Hes:HPMC) 1:5 w/w systems confirmed complete miscibility. The mathematical model (Gordon–Taylor equation) indicates that the obtained amorphous systems are characterized by weak interactions. The FT-IR results confirmed that hydrogen bonds are responsible for stabilizing the amorphous state of Hes. Stability studies indicate that the strength of these bonds is insufficient to maintain the amorphous state of Hes under stress conditions (25 °C and 60 °C 76.4% RH). HPLC analysis suggested that the absence of degradation products indicates safe hesperidin delivery systems. The solubility and apparent solubility were increased in all media (water, phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and HCl (0.1 N)) compared to the pure compound. Our study showed that all obtained ASDs are promising systems for Hes delivery, wherein Hes:Sol 1:5 w/w has the best solubility (about 300-fold in each media) and apparent solubility (about 70% in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and 63% in HCl).
A Sufficient Condition for Local Controllability

A system S of vector fields is locally controllable at point p if, for every positive time t, the set of points reachable from p by an S-trajectory in time $ \leqq t$ contains p in its interior. Let K be the convex hull of the values $X(p)$ of those $X \in S$ for which $X(p) \ne 0$. It is well known that S is l.c. at p if $0 \in \operatorname{interior} (K)$, and that S is not l.c. at p if $0 \notin K$. We prove that these are the only cases in which it is possible to determine if S is l.c. at p by just looking at the values at p of the elements of S. We prove a sufficient condition for local controllability which gives new information for the case when $0 \in K$ but $0 \notin \operatorname{interior}(K)$.
Pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Role of Oxidative Stress from ‘Omics’ Studies

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common respiratory complication of prematurity as younger and smaller infants are surviving beyond the immediate neonatal period. The recognition that oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in BPD pathogenesis has been widely accepted since at least the 1980s. In this article, we examine the interplay between OS and genetic regulation and review ‘omics’ data related to OS in BPD. Data from animal models (largely models of hyperoxic lung injury) and from human studies are presented. Epigenetic and transcriptomic analyses have demonstrated several genes related to OS to be differentially expressed in murine models that mimic BPD as well as in premature infants at risk of BPD development and infants with established lung disease. Alterations in the genetic regulation of antioxidant enzymes is a common theme in these studies. Data from metabolomics and proteomics have also demonstrated the potential involvement of OS-related pathways in BPD. A limitation of many studies includes the difficulty of obtaining timely and appropriate samples from human patients. Additional ‘omics’ studies could further our understanding of the role of OS in BPD pathogenesis, which may prove beneficial for prevention and timely diagnosis, and aid in the development of targeted therapies.
LATE OTTOMAN PERIOD JERUSALEM: THE EXPANSION OF THE HOLY CITY BEYOND THE WALLS

The development of European and local settlements outside of the Old City of Jerusalem during the late nineteenth century reflected many of the trends described above, including the growing influence of Europe in international politics and the rise of industrialism and modernization in the Holy Land. These tendencies were demonstrated through the introduction of new technologies and agricultural techniques; the exodus from the ancient, overcrowded Old City; and in the advancement of modern ideas such as religious liberty [1]. In order to illustrate these developments, the following paper offers a description of the topography of the city as the foundation to understand the expansion of these communities beyond the Old City Walls. Thereafter, the paper examines the advent of each community that settled outside of the Old City and explains the motivations behind their origins and the contributions that they made to the city.
Critical behaviour of the Ising model above and below the critical temperature

Previous series expansion studies of the magnetization and susceptibility of the Ising model are extended to the higher derivatives of the free energy with respect to the magnetic field. It is found that just above the critical temperature the 2nth derivative is given by where in two dimensions ? = 1? , ? = 1fraction seven-eighths and in three dimensions ? = 1? , ? = 1fraction nine-sixteens. In two dimensions ? is exact and ? is correct to 0.6%; the three-dimensional indices are correct to 0.2%. Just below the critical temperature where in three dimensions 0.303 <or= ? <or= 0.318 and 1? 55 <or= ? prime <or= 1.65. If the even derivatives are to have the same index above and below Tc, then ? = fraction five-sixteens and ? prime = 1fraction nine-sixteens. The latter index lies very close to the lower limit so that, although we cannot rule out ? prime = ? , ? prime = 1fraction five-eighths is not unlikely. In two dimensions our results are consistent with linearity of the index and, if this is assumed, then ? = fraction one-eighths and ? prime = 1fraction seven-eighths exactly and there is symmetry about Tc. The amplitudes C2n+ and Cn- are estimated for n = 1 to 6.
Interfacial Bond-Slip Model for CFRP Plate Externally Bonded to Corroded Steel Plate

The purpose of this study is to establish the interfacial bond-slip model for CFRP plate externally bonded to corroded steel plate. The present bond-slip models for CFRP materials bonded to uncorroded steel plate were first reviewed. Thirty-four double-lap joints were tested to investigate the effect of corrosion duration and adhesive thickness on the bond behavior between CFRP plates and corroded steel plates, and the bond-slip curves for the bonding interface with different adhesive thickness and corrosion duration were obtained combined with the CFRP plate strain distribution data. A new bond-slip model for CFRP plate externally bonded to corroded steel plate was proposed, and the expression of the characteristic parameters, which included the maximum bond resistance τf, the relative slip at the peak bond stress s1, the fitting parameter α, and the interfacial fracture energy Gf, were also developed based on the careful regression analysis of the present data. The influence of the corrosion duration and construction adhesive thickness on the bond-slip relationship were accounted together and expressed as a new parameter; that is, the effective adhesive thickness teff. The comparison between the predicted values and experimental results indicated that the proposed bond-slip model can be applied to reproduce the structural response of the CFRP plate-corroded steel plate double-lap joint with reasonable accuracy. The outcome of this study can provide meaningful references and essential data for the reliable application of CFRP strengthening systems in the performance improvement of corroded steel structures.
The power of new experimental techniques in astronomy: zooming in on the black hole in the Center of the Milky Way

Abstract It is becoming ever easier to obtain first class astronomical data by working solely from one's computer terminal, the modern equivalent of the armchair. This wonderful development may tempt us to forget that astronomical discoveries and findings are first and foremost driven by hard-won progress in observational and experimental capabilities. The present article is meant to demonstrate this assertion by reviewing recent developments and future possibilities in studying the Center of the Milky Way, our best case for the existence of a (massive) black hole and a superb laboratory for studying the physical processes in the immediate vicinity of such an enigmatic object.
Extracting the Topographic Features as a Pragmatic Survey for Landslide Susceptibility Analysis

Landslide susceptibility mapping in the mountainous area has become crucial for taking any precautions and imperative for any disaster management. As safety factor is currently widely used to indicate the ratio of strength to stress in a unit column, it lacks what matters to the disaster response unit – the probability in which a landslide can occur in a place. A value of safety factor shows whether a unit column will fail (SF >1) but does not lead to which unit column will be prioritized for monitoring and prevention measures. Therefore, unit slopes are generated based on the watersheds to part the study area. Before evaluating the landslide movement, and types, slope analyses is required. Several references of slope classification are chosen to gain the descriptive characteristics of a certain unit column and its correlation to other topography parameters. This research paper is a step before limit equilibrium analysis where the ratio of strength-to-stress calculation cannot disregard the slope behavior and soil thickness.
Robustness and invariance of variable structure systems with multiple inputs

This paper is devoted to investigating the properties of invariance and robustness of variable structure control systems. Some aspects of the result on the invariance is reviewed. It is stressed that the robustness of variable structure control systems is much more practical. Conditions for the robustness are established and an algorithm for designing a deterministic control for the robustness is described.
Tornadic Supercell Environments Analyzed Using Surface and Reanalysis Data: A Spatiotemporal Relational Data-Mining Approach

AbstractOklahoma Mesonet surface data and North American Regional Reanalysis data were integrated with the tracks of over 900 tornadic and nontornadic supercell thunderstorms in Oklahoma from 1994 to 2003 to observe the evolution of near-storm environments with data currently available to operational forecasters. These data are used to train a complex data-mining algorithm that can analyze the variability of meteorological data in both space and time and produce a probabilistic prediction of tornadogenesis given variables describing the near-storm environment. The algorithm was assessed for utility in four ways. First, its probability forecasts were scored. The algorithm did produce some useful skill in discriminating between tornadic and nontornadic supercells as well as in producing reliable probabilities. Second, its selection of relevant attributes was assessed for physical significance. Surface thermodynamic parameters, instability, and bulk wind shear were among the most significant attributes. Thir.
Characterization of ddx4 and dnd Homologs in Snakeskin Gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) and Their Expression Levels during Larval Development and in Gonads of Males and Females

Simple Summary Gene markers that are specific to germ cells are needed for the development of reproductive biotechnologies for fish. To provide valuable molecular information on ddx4 and dnd, which can be applied for further monosex production in snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis), this study cloned and characterized ddx4 (ddx4) and dnd (dnd1) homologs and described their temporal expressions in snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis). The expressions of ddx4 and dnd1 mRNAs were detectable only in the gonads, particularly in germ cells. The expression of ddx4 was high during early larval development and decreased with increasing developmental age, whereas the expression of dnd1 increased with developmental age. In adult fish, the expression levels of ddx4 and dnd1 were higher in the ovary than in the testis. Abstract The purpose of this study was to clone and characterize ddx4 and dnd1 homologs in snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) and to determine their expression levels during larval development and in the gonads of males and females. Both cDNAs contained predicted regions that shared consensus motifs with the ddx4 family in teleosts and the dnd family in vertebrates. Phylogenetic tree construction analysis confirmed that these two genes were clustered in the families of teleosts. Both ddx4 and dnd1 mRNAs were detectable only in the gonads, particularly in germ cells. These two genes were expressed during early larval development. The expression of ddx4 was high during early larval development and decreased with increasing developmental age, whereas dnd1 expression increased with developmental age. In adult fish, the expression levels of both genes were higher in the ovary than in the testis. Overall, these findings provide valuable molecular information on ddx4 and dnd, and can be applied in future reproductive biological studies relating to sex dimorphism in snakeskin gourami.
Structural and Functional Neural Correlates in Individuals with Excessive Smartphone Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Despite known association of internet addiction with a reduced brain volume and abnormal connectivity, the impact of excessive smartphone use remains unclear. Methods: PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrial.gov, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to July 2022 using appropriate keywords for observational studies comparing differences in brain volumes and activations between excessive smartphone users and individuals with regular use by magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Of the 11 eligible studies retrieved from 6993 articles initially screened, seven and six evaluated brain volumes and activations, respectively. The former enrolled 421 participants (165 excessive smartphone users vs. 256 controls), while the latter recruited 276 subjects with 139 excessive smartphone users. The results demonstrated a smaller brain volume in excessive smartphone users compared to the controls (g = −0.55, p < 0.001), especially in subcortical regions (p < 0.001). Besides, the impact was more pronounced in adolescents than in adults (p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between impulsivity and volume reduction. Regarding altered activations, the convergences of foci in the declive of the posterior lobe of cerebellum, the lingual gyrus, and the middle frontal gyrus were noted. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a potential association of excessive smartphone use with a reduced brain volume and altered activations.
Robust stabilization of normalized coprime factor plant descriptions with H/sub infinity /-bounded uncertainty

The problem of robustly stabilizing a family of linear systems is explicitly solved in the case where the family is characterized by H/sub infinity / bounded perturbations to the numerator and denominator of the normalized left coprime factorization of a nominal system. This problem can be reduced to a Nehari extension problem directly and gives an optimal stability margin. All controllers satisfying a suboptimal stability margin are characterized, and explicit state-space formulas are given. >
A CONVERGENCE THEOREM FOR SOME MEAN VALUE FIXED POINT ITERATION PROCEDURES

A general convergence theorem for the Ishikawa fixed point iteration procedure in a large class of quasi-contractive type operators is given. As particular cases, it contains convergence theorems for Picard, Krasnoselskij and Mann iterations, theorems which extend and generalize several results in the literature.
On the Frobenius reciprocity theorem for locally compact groups.

ψ : Horn* (L, (M)κ) ~ Horn* (U\ M) (2.) If L and M are irreducible, then U contains M exactly as many times as (M)κ contains L. The first version is of course formally stronger if one specifies, as is natural, that the isomorphism ψ be functoral. It is natural to ask how this theorem can be generalized to the context of locally compact groups. Both Mackey and Mautner have defined and discussed the notion of induced representation in this context. Each has formulated a version of the FRT for locally compact groups which generalizes the theorem as stated in form (2) above; [3], [4], [5]. These formulations, however, which use the direct integral decomposition theory, no longer embody the FRT in form (1.) above. It is the purpose of this note to show how one can obtain a version of the FRT which generalizes the theorem in form (1.). The difference between the two versions can conveniently be thought of as a distinction between a global formulation as in (1.) and a local formulation as in (2.). Concerning our notations, we shall follow a practice throughout and use locally compact to abbreviate locally compact and separable and unitary representation to abbreviate strongly continuous unitary representation on a separable Hubert space. The notation HomG (L, M) for representations L and M of G will naturally denote the space of bounded operators A from the space H(L) on which L acts to H(M) so that ALS — MSA for all s in G. Concerning induced representations, we adopt the notation of [2].
Study of Excipients in Delayed Skin Reactions to mRNA Vaccines: Positive Delayed Intradermal Reactions to Polyethylene Glycol Provide New Insights for COVID-19 Arm

Background: Skin local reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have been linked to the use of vaccine excipients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of skin testing excipients in delayed skin reactions due to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: Skin testing among a group of healthcare workers with skin reactions due to mRNA vaccines was performed. Patch testing and intradermal testing (IDT) with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400, PEG-2000, trometamol, and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine were performed. Healthcare workers without skin reactions to vaccines were used for skin testing as controls. Results: Thirty-one healthcare workers (from a total of 4315 vaccinated healthcare workers) experienced cutaneous adverse vaccine reactions. Skin testing was performed in sixteen of the healthcare workers (11 delayed large local reactions (DLLR) and 5 widespread reactions). Positive IDT for PEG-2000 1% in DLLR was seen in 10 (90.9%) patients, in comparison with one (16.6%) individual with a delayed widespread reaction. Delayed positive IDT reactions for PEG-2000 1% on day 2 were observed in three (27.3%) patients with DLLR. Patch testing of the excipients was negative. Among 10 controls, only one exhibited a transient positive IDT reaction to PEG-2000 1%. Conclusions: Immediate and delayed reactions to IDT are frequently detected in patients with DLLR. The observation of positive delayed intradermal reactions to PEG disclosed only in patients with DLLR reinforces a possible role of PEG in the development of these reactions. Skin testing of other excipients is of little importance in clinical practice.
Statistical analysis of geometric computation

Abstract This paper studies the statistical behavior of errors involved in fundamental geometric computations. We first present a statistical model of noise in terms of the covariance matrix of the N-vector. Using this model, we compute the covariance matrices of N-vectors of lines and their intersections. Then, we determine the optimal weights for the least-squares optimization and compute the covariance matrix of the resulting optimal estimate. The result is then applied to line fitting to edges and computation of vanishing points and focuses of expansion. We also point out that statistical biases exist in such computations and present a scheme called renormalization , which iteratively removes the bias by automatically adjusting to noise without knowing noise characteristics. Random number simulations are conducted to confirm our analysis.
Theory of the gasket in diamond anvil high‐pressure cells

The operation of the gasket in the diamond anvil cell (DAC) is analyzed and some practical conclusions are given, relevant to users of DACs in the submegabar pressure range. Two distinct regimes are found, one where the gasket is at the maximum thickness and the DAC is intrinsically unstable, and the other where the gasket is thin and the cell is stable in operation, so that there are good reasons to use preindented gaskets, of thickness rather less than usually recommended. Force‐pressure plots are shown to give valuable information in routine use, and their interpretation is discussed.