Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selection of a suitable data set and model for the estimation of genetic parameters of the weaning weight in beef cattle

objective of this paper was to select a suitable data subset and statistical model for the estimation of genetic parameters for weaning weight of beef cattle in the Czech Republic. Nine subsets were tested for the selection of a suitable subset. The subsets differed from each other in the limit of sampling criteria. The most suitable subset satisfied these conditions: at least 5 individuals per each sire, 5 individuals per HYS (herd, year, season), 2 sires per HYS, and individuals per dams that have at least one half-sister and two offspring (n=4 806). The selection of a suitable model was carried out from 10 models. These models comprised some of the random effects: direct genetic effect, maternal genetic effect, permanent maternal environment effect, HYS, sire × herd or sire × year interaction, and some of the fixed effects: dam's age, sex (young bull, heifer × single, twin born), HYS, year, herd. The direct heritability (h 2 a) ranged from 0.06 to 0.17, of maternal heritability (h 2 m) from 0.03 to 0.06. The genetic correlations between the direct and maternal effect (ram) were in the range of -0.15 - 0.42.
Oxidative Stress Induces Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Translocation of Pancreatic Transcription Factor PDX-1 Through Activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase

Oxidative stress is induced in pancreatic β-cells under diabetic conditions and causes β-cell dysfunction. Antioxidant treatment of diabetic animals leads to recovery of insulin biosynthesis and increases the expression of its controlling transcription factor, pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), in pancreatic β-cells. Here, we show that PDX-1 is translocated from the nuclei to the cytoplasm of pancreatic β-cells in response to oxidative stress. When oxidative stress was charged upon β-cell-derived HIT-T15 cells, both endogenous PDX-1 and exogenously introduced green fluorescent protein-tagged PDX-1 moved from the nuclei to the cytoplasm. The addition of a dominant negative form of c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK) inhibited oxidative stress-induced PDX-1 translocation, suggesting an essential role of JNK in mediating this phenomenon. Whereas the nuclear localization signal (NLS) in PDX-1 was not affected by oxidative stress, leptomycin B, a specific inhibitor of the classical leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES), inhibited nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of PDX-1 induced by oxidative stress. Moreover, we identified an NES at position 82-94 of the mouse PDX-1 protein. Thus, our present results revealed a novel mechanism that negatively regulates PDX-1 function. The identification of the NES, which overrides the function of the NLS in an oxidative stress-responsive, JNK-dependent manner, supports the complicated regulation of PDX-1 function in vivo and may further the understanding of β-cell pathophysiology in diabetes.
TPL2 enforces RAS-induced inflammatory signaling and is activated by point mutations.

NF-kB transcription factors, driven by the IRAK-IKK cascade, confer treatment resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a cancer characterized by near universal KRAS mutation. Through reverse-phase protein array and RNAseq we discovered IRAK4 also contributes substantially to MAPK activation in KRAS-mutant PDAC. IRAK4 ablation completely blocked RAS-induced transformation of human and murine cells. Mechanistically, expression of mutant KRAS stimulated an inflammatory, autocrine IL-1b signaling loop that activated IRAK4 and MAPK pathway. Downstream of IRAK4, we uncovered TPL2/MAP3K8 as the essential kinase that propels both MAPK and NF-kB cascades. Inhibition of TPL2 blocked both MAPK and NF-kB signaling, and suppressed KRAS-mutant cell growth. To counter chemotherapy-induced genotoxic stress, PDAC cells upregulated TLR9, which activated pro-survival IRAK4-TPL2 signaling. Accordingly, TPL2 inhibitor synergized with chemotherapy to curb PDAC growth in vivo. Finally, from TCGA we characterized two MAP3K8 point mutations that hyperactivate MAPK and NF-kB cascades by impeding TPL2 protein degradation. Cancer cell lines naturally harboring these MAP3K8 mutations are strikingly sensitive to TPL2 inhibition, underscoring the need to identify these potentially targetable mutations in patients. Overall, our study establishes TPL2 as a promising therapeutic target in RAS- and MAP3K8-mutant cancers and strongly prompts development of TPL2 inhibitors for pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Quantification of plasma remdesivir and its metabolite GS-441524 using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Application to a Covid-19 treated patient

Abstract Objectives A method based on liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection using 50 µL of plasma was developed and fully validated for quantification of remdesivir and its active metabolites GS-441524. Methods A simple protein precipitation was carried out using 75 µL of methanol containing the internal standard (IS) remdesivir-13C6 and 5 µL ZnSO4 1 M. After separation on Kinetex® 2.6 µm Polar C18 100A LC column (100 × 2.1 mm i.d.), both compounds were detected by a mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization in positive mode. The ion transitions used were m/z 603.3 → m/z 200.0 and m/z 229.0 for remdesivir, m/z 292.2 → m/z 173.1 and m/z 147.1 for GS-441524 and m/z 609.3 → m/z 206.0 for remdesivir-13C6. Results Calibration curves were linear in the 1–5000 μg/L range for remdesivir and 5–2500 for GS-441524, with limit of detection set at 0.5 and 2 μg/L and limit of quantification at 1 and 5 μg/L, respectively. Precisions evaluated at 2.5, 400 and 4000 μg/L for remdesivir and 12.5, 125, 2000 μg/L for GS-441524 were lower than 14.7% and accuracy was in the [89.6–110.2%] range. A slight matrix effect was observed, compensated by IS. Higher stability of remdesivir and metabolite was observed on NaF-plasma. After 200 mg IV single administration, remdesivir concentration decrease rapidly with a half-life less than 1 h while GS-441524 appeared rapidly and decreased slowly until H24 with a half-life around 12 h. Conclusions This method would be useful for therapeutic drug monitoring of these compounds in Covid-19 pandemic.
Effect of moisture levels on the growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation in Dalbergia sissoo by Azospirillum brasilense and Acaulospora laevis.

In present study, influence of single and combined inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense and Acaulospora laevis on the growth, nodulation and N2 fixation in Dalbergia sissoo was tested at various moisture levels under pot culture conditions. Combined inoculation of A.brasilense and A.laevis was found best in raising maximum growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation and percentage of AM colonization in roots. These characters were considerably influenced with the increasing moisture stress from -0.3MPa to -1.5MPa. Furthermore, the values of all the above mentioned parameters show decrement with the increasing of moisture stress. Plants with dual inoculation performed better than single inoculated plants. Observation of the present study counted a protective role played by AM in providing resistance to D.sissoo against injurious effects of moisture stress.
Teacher Supply

training and in the number who enter the teaching profession is a national concern and has been the subject of a government inquiry (House of Commons, 1997, 1998). Ensuring an appropriate supply of high-quality recruits has, since its inception, been one of the aims of the Teacher Training Agency (TTA, 1995), which has seen opening up new training routes as a means to attract prospective recruits. Diversification has enabled different ways to emerge by which teachers can gain qualified teacher status (QTS), including those which are employment-based (DfEE, 1996a), and those which are part-time, using distance learning as a means of professional preparation. Whilst the policy initiative for new routes can be seen as opening up more choice in training and as part of the market ideology to break the monopoly control of higher education, it can be seen as a pragmatic response to problems of teacher supply. In addition to diversifying routes into teaching, the agency has provided through its mission statement a further steer. In particular it has encouraged the recruitment of mature students from other occupations, individuals who are ‘highly qualified’ and ‘in mid career, whether from industry, commerce, research or other careers’ (Millet, 1996; TTA, 1996). However, the policy steer to recruit different groups to training, as well as diversify the modes of training, has been made largely in a policy vacuum. There has been little analysis of whether particular groups of students recruited to training by different routes qualify and secure jobs in teaching. Increasing teacher supply is dependent not just on meeting recruitment targets for training but on those same students subsequently entering and remaining in the teaching profession. In reality recruitment to training may not mean subsequent entry to the profession – leastways, not in the short term. Particular groups may have specific difficulties entering the job market owing to a complex range of factors, as is evidenced in this enquiry. Other data indicate (DfEE, 1996b) that fewer of those completing training aged 35 and over gain employment as teachers. As Howson (1996) has argued, what remains unknown is whether it is from choice or because they are unable to find a post. R es ea rc h in E du ca tio n N o. 6 2
TERRITORY SELECTION BY UPLAND RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS IN EXPERIMENTAL RESTORATION PLOTS

Abstract We examined territory selection of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) in experimental treatments with varied groundcovers and densities of planted and naturally occurring oaks (Quercus spp.) used by blackbirds for perching. We also compared vegetation parameters between blackbird territories and unused (i.e., unoccupied by Red-winged Blackbirds) areas. Although perch densities were greater in blackbird territories in unplanted controls and oak-planted treatments without redtop grass (Agrostis gigantea) than they were in unused areas, the low densities of perches in territories planted with redtop grass indicate that perch density is not limiting above some lower threshold. Territories, particularly in treatments with no redtop, tended to have greater mean grass cover and taller grass heights than unused areas. Our results are consistent with other studies in finding that Red-winged Blackbirds prefer areas having tall vegetation and dense grass.
Cyberbullying Victimization and Adolescent Depression: The Mediating Role of Psychological Security and the Moderating Role of Growth Mindset

The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms (the mediating role of psychological security and the moderating role of growth mindset) underlying the association between cyberbullying victimization and depression among adolescents. A sample of 755 adolescents (Mage = 13.35 ± 1.02; 373 boys) was recruited from two junior high schools, and the participants were asked to voluntarily complete a set of measures, including the cyberbullying victimization subscale in the Chinese version of the Cyberbullying Inventory, the Chinese version of the Security Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Growth Mindset Inventory. The results indicated that: (1) cyberbullying victimization was positively associated with depression through the mediating effect of psychological security and (2) both the direct association between cyberbullying victimization and depression and the indirect association through the mediating effect of psychological security were moderated by growth mindset. Specifically, growth mindset could significantly alleviate the adverse effects of cyberbullying victimization on psychological security and on depression. These findings not only shed light on the mechanisms linking cyberbullying victimization to depression among adolescents, but also provide an empirical basis for formulating prevention and/or intervention programs aimed at reducing depression levels and the negative influences of cyberbullying victimization among adolescents.
Incorporating whey proteins into Mozzarella cheese

A study was conducted to improve the yield of cheese and make reduced fat cheese by incorporating whey proteins. Whey protein dispersions were prepared by heating whey at 95°C and pH 4.6, then removing excess serum and homogenizing part of the whey protein. Cheeses were made from standardized milk and standardized milk with homogenized and non-homogenized protein dispersions. Cheeses were also made from standardized milk, reduced fat milk and reduced fat milk with homogenized protein. Adding whey proteins improved the yield, but lowered the retention of fat. Homogenization of whey proteins improved fat retention and yield. The dry matter increase was due to increased solids-non-fat. Reduced fat cheese gave lower yields, which were partially offset by adding homogenized whey proteins. Physical and sensory properties of reduced fat cheeses made with homogenized whey proteins were similar to the control.
Precision Lactobacillus reuteri therapy attenuates luminal distention-associated visceral hypersensitivity by inducing peripheral opioid receptors in the colon.

Luminal distention and abdominal pain are major clinical hallmarks of obstructive bowel disorders and functional bowel disorders linked to gut dysbiosis. Our recent studies found that chronic lumen distention increased visceral sensitivity and decreased abundance of gut commensal Lactobacillus reuteri in a rodent model of partial colon obstruction (OB). To establish causation, we performed precision microbial therapy to assess whether recolonization of L. reuteri prevents visceral hypersensitivity in lumen distention, and if so, to identify the gut-microbiota mechanism. Lumen distention was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by implanting an obstruction band in the distal colon for up to 7 days. L. reuteri strains or vehicle were gavage ingested 1X10 CFU/g daily starting 2 days prior to obstruction. L. reuteri rat strains that were able to recolonize obstructed colon significantly improved food intake and body weight in OB rats, and attenuated referred visceral hyperalgesia measured by the withdrawal response to von Frey filament applications to the abdomen. Mechanistically, L. reuteri treatment attenuated hyper-excitability of the dorsal root ganglia neurons projecting to the distended colon by promoting opioid receptor function in affected tissues. The expression of µ, δ, and κ opioid receptors was significantly downregulated in colonic muscularis externae and sensory neurons in OB rats. However, L. reuteri treatment prevented the loss of opioid receptors. Further, administration of peripheral opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide abolished the analgesic effect of L. reuteri in OB. In conclusion, precision L. reuteri therapy prevents lumen distention-associated visceral hypersensitivity by local bacterial induction of opioid receptors.
Efficiency of four solutions in removing 23 conventional antineoplastic drugs from contaminated surfaces

Background Residual contamination by intravenous conventional antineoplastic drugs (ICAD) is still a daily issue in hospital facilities. This study aimed to compare the efficiency (EffQ) of 4 different solutions to remove 23 widely used ICADs from surfaces. Method and findings A solution containing 23 ICADs (4 alkylating agents, 8 antimetabolites, 2 topo-I inhibitors, 6 topo-II inhibitors and 3 spindle poisons) was spread over 100 cm2 stainless steel. After drying, decontamination was carried out using 10×10 cm wipes moistened with 300 μL of one of the following solutions: 70% isopropanol (S1); ethanol-hydrogen peroxide 91.6–50.0 mg/g (S2); 10−2 M sodium dodecyl sulphate/isopropanol 80/20 (S3) or 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (S4). Six tests were performed for each decontamination solution. Two modalities were tested: a single wipe motion from top to bottom or vigorous wiping (n = 6 for each modality). Residual contamination was measured with a validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection method. Solution efficiency (in %) was computed as follows: EffQ = 1–(quantity after decontamination/quantity before decontamination), as median (min–max) for the 23 ICADs. The overall decontamination efficiency (EffQ) of the 4 solutions was compared by a Kruskall-Wallis test. Decontamination modalities were compared for each solution and per ICAD with a Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). EffQ were significantly different from one solution to the next for single wipe motion decontamination: 79.9% (69.3–100), 86.5% (13.0–100), 85.4% (56.5–100) and 100% (52.9–100) for S1, S2, S3 and S4 (p<0.0001), respectively. Differences were also significant for vigorous decontamination: EffQ of 84.3% (66.0–100), 92.3% (68.7–100), 99.6% (84.8–100) and 100% (82.9–100) for S1, S2, S3 and S4, respectively (p<0.0001). Generally, vigorous decontamination increased EffQ for all tested solutions and more significantly for the surfactant. Conclusion Decontamination efficiency depended on the solution used but also on the application modality. An SDS admixture seems to be a good alternative to sodium hypochlorite, notably after vigorous chemical decontamination with no hazard either to materials or workers.
Protective effects of royal jelly on testicular torsion induced ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats

This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of royal jelly (RJ) on a testicular torsion‐induced ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in adult rats. A total of 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, including 10 rats in each group: Group 1 (sham), Group 2 (Control), group 3 (I/R rats treated with 100 mg/kg RJ for 50 days after torsion) and group 4( I/R rats treated with 20 mg/kg vitamin C for 50 days after torsion). Testicular torsion was created by rotating the right testes 720° a clockwise direction for 90 min. The levels of testosterone were measured by ELISA. Pathological evaluation, mean maturity and quality of the seminiferous tubules were used. Results showed that the testicular histopathology standards and testosterone levels changes were statistically significant in groups 3 and 4. The results obtained in this study may suggest that RJ like vitamin C had protective effects on a testicular ischaemia/reperfusion‐induced injury in rats.
Prevalence of an Intestinal ST40 Enterococcus faecalis over Other E. faecalis Strains in the Gut Environment of Mice Fed Different High Fat Diets

E. faecalis is a commensal bacterium with specific strains involved in opportunistic and nosocomial infections. Therefore, it is important to know how the strains of this species are selected in the gut. In this study, fifteen E. faecalis strains, isolated over twelve weeks from the faeces of mice fed standard chow or one of three high fat diets enriched with extra virgin olive oil, refined olive oil or butter were subjected to a genetic “Multilocus Sequence Typing” study that revealed the presence of mainly two genotypes, ST9 and ST40, the latter one prevailing at the end of the research. A V3–V5 sequence comparison of the predominant ST40 strain (12B3-5) in a metagenomic study showed that this sequence was the only E. faecalis present in the mouse cohort after twelve weeks. The strain was subjected to a comparative proteomic study with a ST9 strain by 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. After comparing the results with a E. faecalis database, unshared entries were compared and 12B3-5 showed higher antimicrobial production as well as greater protection from environmental factors such as xenobiotics, oxidative stress and metabolite accumulation, which could be the reason for its ability to outcompete other possible rivals in an intestinal niche.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucose Monodecanoate in a Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent

Environmentally friendly and biodegradable reaction media are an important part of a sustainable glycolipid production in the transition to green chemistry. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an ecofriendly alternative to organic solvents. So far, only hydrophilic DESs were considered for enzymatic glycolipid synthesis. In this study, a hydrophobic DES consisting of (-)-menthol and decanoic acid is presented for the first time as an alternative to hydrophilic DES. The yields in the newly introduced hydrophobic DES are significantly higher than in hydrophilic DESs. Different reaction parameters were investigated to optimize the synthesis further. Twenty milligrams per milliliter iCalB and 0.5 M glucose resulted in the highest initial reaction velocity for the esterification reaction, while the highest initial reaction velocity was achieved with 1.5 M glucose in the transesterification reaction. The enzyme was proven to be reusable for at least five cycles without significant loss of activity.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oral epithelial dysplasia: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to estimate the overall and type‐specific prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in oral epithelial dysplasia and assess p16INK4a overexpression in relation to HPV‐status. A systematic literature search identified 31 eligible studies (832 cases) evaluating the presence of HPV DNA in oral epithelial dysplasia cases by PCR. Of these, six studies evaluated p16INK4a overexpression in relation to HPV‐status. The overall pooled prevalence of HPV DNA in oral epithelial dysplasia was 27.2% (95% CI: 17.6‐38.1). We observed substantial interstudy heterogeneity, which could not be explained by differences in continent, tissue type, or severity of epithelial dysplasia. HPV16 was the predominant genotype detected. Moreover, 62.2% of HPV positive and 17.8% of HPV negative oral epithelial dysplasia samples stained intensively positive for p16INK4a. This meta‐analysis found that 27% of oral epithelial dysplasia harbor HPV DNA. Whether this represents a transient infection or has a carcinogenic role is unknown.
Natural variability of carbon dioxide and net epilimnetic production in the surface waters of boreal lakes of different sizes

The variability of surface water carbon dioxide concentration, or partial pressure (pCO2), was studied in 11 lakes of greatly varying size (2.4 ha up to 8 million ha) in Northwest Ontario, Canada. Six of these lakes were chosen to be as similar as possible in all respects except surface area (the Northwest Ontario Lake Size Series [NOLSS], which range from 88 to 35,000 ha). Spatial and temporal variability of pCO2 within a single lake was no greater in the larger lakes than in the smaller lakes. Interannual variability was significant and synchronous, which indicates that weather patterns were important and affected the different lakes within the region in a similar manner. However, annual pCO2 averages were not related to annual differences in planktonic photosynthetic activity, measured by 14CO2 fixation. In the six NOLSS lakes, there was not a significant relationship of average pCO2 with lake size. For all 11 lakes, however, there was a significant negative correlation of pCO2 with lake size, which was likely due to several characteristics of the very small and very large lakes that covaried with size. The larger lakes were deeper and had longer water residence times and lower DOC, which suggests lower CO2 production from allochthonous organic carbon inputs. Also, the ratio of epilimnetic sediment area/epilimnetic volume (Ae/Ve) was smaller in the larger lakes, which likely resulted in lower rates of recycling of fixed carbon to CO2 during summer stratification.