Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerosol emission from the respiratory tract: an analysis of aerosol generation from oxygen delivery systems

Introduction continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) provide enhanced oxygen delivery and respiratory support for patients with severe COVID-19. CPAP and HFNO are currently designated as aerosol-generating procedures despite limited high-quality experimental data. We aimed to characterise aerosol emission from HFNO and CPAP and compare with breathing, speaking and coughing. Materials and methods Healthy volunteers were recruited to breathe, speak and cough in ultra-clean, laminar flow theatres followed by using CPAP and HFNO. Aerosol emission was measured using two discrete methodologies, simultaneously. Hospitalised patients with COVID-19 had cough recorded using the same methodology on the infectious diseases ward. Results In healthy volunteers (n=25 subjects; 531 measures), CPAP (with exhalation port filter) produced less aerosol than breathing, speaking and coughing (even with large >50 L/min face mask leaks). Coughing was associated with the highest aerosol emissions of any recorded activity. HFNO was associated with aerosol emission, however, this was from the machine. Generated particles were small (<1 µm), passing from the machine through the patient and to the detector without coalescence with respiratory aerosol, thereby unlikely to carry viral particles. More aerosol was generated in cough from patients with COVID-19 (n=8) than volunteers. Conclusions In healthy volunteers, standard non-humidified CPAP is associated with less aerosol emission than breathing, speaking or coughing. Aerosol emission from the respiratory tract does not appear to be increased by HFNO. Although direct comparisons are complex, cough appears to be the main aerosol-generating risk out of all measured activities.
The crustacean Armadillidium vulgare, a new promising model for the study of cellular senescence

Senescence, the decline of physiological parameters with increasing age, is a quasi-ubiquitous phenomenon in the living world. However, the observed patterns of senescence can markedly differ between across species and populations, between sexes and even among individuals. To identify the drivers of this variation in senescence, experimental approaches are essential and involve the development of tools and new study models. In fact, current knowledge of the senescence process is mostly based on studies on vertebrates and principal information about senescence in invertebrates is mostly limited to model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans or Drosophila melanogaster. In this context, we tested whether biomarkers of vertebrate aging could be used to study senescence in a new invertebrate model: the common woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare. More specifically, we looked for the effect of age in woodlouse on three well established physiological biomarkers of aging in vertebrates: immune cells (cell size, density and viability), β-galactosidase activity, and Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) (essential subunit of the telomerase protein) gene expression. We found that the size of immune cells was higher in older individuals, whereas their density and viability decreased, and that the β-galactosidase activity increased with age, whereas the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) gene expression decreased. These findings demonstrate that woodlouse display age-related changes in biomarkers of vertebrate senescence, with different patterns depending on gender. Thus, the tools used in studies of vertebrate senescence can be successfully used in studies of senescence of invertebrates such as the woodlouse. The application of commonly used tools to new biological models offers a promising approach to assess the diversity of senescence patterns across the tree of life.
Designing Sanitation Projects in Rural Ghana

Providing sanitation to rural areas in Ghana remains a huge challenge. Government funding is scarce while many international donor projects are ineffective. This thesis explores the difficulties with rural sanitation projects through the implementation of two pilot projects based on a co-evolutionary design and planning process. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative information provided by an NGO partner field surveys in the Northern Region, Ghana, as well as relevant literature are presented and analyzed. Two pilot Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) latrine designs were tested on the ground by MIT researchers during January 2011. The pilot EcoSan latrines are cheaper than single-pit Ventilated- Improved-Pit (VIP) latrines built in Northern Region, Ghana. The Bin-Bin design and the Pure Home Water design have a construction cost of GHS 537 (USD $384) and GHS 943 (USD $674) respectively. However, social acceptability of EcoSan technology remains uncertain. In an assessment matrix, which includes five different latrine designs, the Bin-Bin and Sanergy latrine designs receive the highest scores (19 out of 27) for a given set of design and evaluation criteria. Potential areas for cost reductions and design improvements are identified. The following is recommended for organizations working in sanitation in rural Ghana: e Shift away from heavily subsidized, top-down sanitation projects: Investigate the local demand and willingness to pay for latrines and experiment with for-profit models such as the Sanergy/Easy Latrine models. * Investigate low-cost building materials and supply chains that can reduce latrine costs: Pilot and test rammed-earth blocks, mud-bricks and any other suitable, locally-available building materials. Investigate centralized latrine manufacturing processes. * Explore innovative design options: Move away from single-pit VIP latrine designs; Pilot and scale-up other designs, including the Bin-Bin, Sanergy and Easy latrines, in order to assess their social acceptability and costs. e Consolidate the work of organizations involved with sanitation: Create an easily accessible online database that summarizes various sanitation projects conducted by different organizations in Ghana to allow for effective collaboration and idea-sharing.
Heated Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing: A Dual‐Probe Heat‐Pulse Approach

Implementation of the dual‐probe heat‐pulse (DPHP) approach for measurement of volumetric heat capacity (C) and water content (θ) with distributed temperature sensing heated fiber optic (FO) systems presents an unprecedented opportunity for environmental monitoring (e.g., simultaneous measurement at thousands of points). We applied uniform heat pulses along a FO cable and monitored the thermal response at adjacent cables. We tested the DPHP method in the laboratory using multiple FO cables at a range of spacings. The amplitude and phase shift in the heat signal with distance was found to be a function of the soil volumetric heat capacity. Estimations of C at a range of moisture contents (θ = 0.09– 0.34 m3 m−3) suggest the feasibility of measurement via responsiveness to the changes in θ, although we observed error with decreasing soil water contents (up to 26% at θ = 0.09 m3 m−3). Optimization will require further models to account for the finite radius and thermal influence of the FO cables. Although the results indicate that the method shows great promise, further study is needed to quantify the effects of soil type, cable spacing, and jacket configurations on accuracy.
Growth and yield response of selected improved soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) varieties to varying weeding regimes under a tropical condition

The field trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Abia State University, Umuahia Campus, Umudike to study the performance of three highly improved soybean varieties (‘TGX 1835-10E’, ‘TGX 1987-62F’ and ‘TGX 1448-2E’) to different weeding regimes (weed free, inweeded, weeded once, weeded twice and weeded three times) and to estimate character association and contribution toward seed yield per hectare. The experiment was a factorial combination of variety and weeding regimes in randomized complete block design with three replications. Vegetative data which included plant height, number of branches and number of leaves were taken at 10 weeks after planting (WAP) while at harvest, the following yield data: pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, pod weight per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per hectare were taken. The only phenological trait taken was number of days to 50 % flowering. The competing weeds were also identified, sampled, counted, dried, weighed and recorded at 9 WAP and at harvest. Data were analyzed using the procedure outlined for ANOVA and means separated by LSD (P=0.05). Correlation and Path coefficients analyses were also carried out. The results showed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) among the varieties in all the traits studied. ‘TGX 1835-10E’ variety gave the highest seed yield/ha while weed regimes like weed free, weeded twice and three times showed non significantly the best performance in all aspect. The results also showed that plots left inweeded and weeded once inevitably had the highest yield reduction in all the varieties. Plant height, number of branches, number of leaves at 10 WAP, number of seeds and pod weight per plant, 100 seed weight as well as soybean dry weight at 9 WAP showed high positive magnitude and significant (P<0.01) correlations with seed yield per hectare. The highest positive direct effect on yield was recorded in plant height at 10 WAP.
Feedback assessment of Science report writing for first year Genetics students

In an effort to identify and help correct the observed inadequacies in scientific report writing, we designed a procedure which we introduced as part of the required exercises early in the first year of the Genetics course. An assessment scheme was given to students in which one group received two consecutive cycles of feedback. They had to prepare a short scientific report based on a set of data collected for an experiment. The first draft of the scientific report was submitted to a laboratory partner for a round of peer review. This was returned to them for revision before submission to the laboratory demonstrator for a second round of feedback. Only after two rounds of review and revision were the reports finally submitted for assessment. This was carried out in parallel with two other groups of students who had either a self review using a checklist followed by the peer review or self review followed by the demonstrator’s feedback. Results from these three groups of students indicated the usefulness of the various cycles of feedback. Although we were unable to show any significance difference between the different treatments to the final grades of their reports, a number of key areas of need in the area of scientific report writing were identified. The exercise sets the stage for a longer term study and has provided a means to sort out those very week ones who are in need of further attention at an early and critical stage of their university life.
Adaptation Study of Released Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Varieties in the Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Bread wheat is the most important cereal occupying a prominent position among major food crops in the world in terms of acreage and production and is an important cereal crop which is receives the most attention of specialists in plant breeding and production in the world wide. The interaction between genotypes/varieties and environment is an important for effective selection of the variety/ies. This experiment was conducted on thirteen bread wheat varieties against local check at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center (HSARC) sub site across environments in 2017-2018 cropping seasons to identify and recommend high yielding, insect pest tolerant, and stable varieties. The seeds were planted in Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Six agronomic traits and three economically important disease reaction data were evaluated. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among varieties for most traits were recorded. The combine ANOVA and the additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis for grain yield across environments exhibited significantly affected by environments, explained 61.07% of the total variation.The genotype and genotype environmental interation were significant and accounted for 26.9 % and 6.3 % respectively. Pricipal component (PCA1) and 2 accounted for 4.3 % and 1.9 % of the GEI respectively with a total of 6.2 % variation.Therefore, Ogolcho and Liban varieties were identified as the best varieties for yielding ability, stability, tolerant to diseases and recommended in the area and with similar agro-ecologies. rust, FHB-fusarium head blight, CV- Coefficient of variation,R 2 -R-squere, LSD- least significant, SEM-standard error of mean.
DQE evaluation of a full-field digital mammography system

Physical characteristics necessary to calculate the Detective Quantum Efficiency of a clinically used flat panel imager for full-breast digital mammography are presented. Objective quantities such as modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) have been evaluated. The X-ray photon fluence was determined using Half-Value-Layer (HVL) techniques. At an X-ray beam characterized by 28 kVp, Mo-anode and Mo filter as well as beam hardening by 5 cm Lucite, the detector is practically linear with x-ray exposure at least up to 33 mR. At an exposure of 33 mR and close to zero spatial frequency the DQE is in the vicinity of 60%.
ICE RESISTANCE OF THREE BOW FORMS FOR THE NSR CARGO SHIP

A series of model tests were carried out in an ice tank. The tests were performed as part of an R & D project of a cargo ship which would sail the Northern Sea Route. The experiment includes resistance tests in level ice, pre-sawn ice, ridges and broken ice field. Three bow forms, a conventional wedge-shaped bow, convex bow and concave bow, were tested. This paper describes details of the test method and the results. The results are discussed, especially the effects of bow form on the resistance of the ship in ice.
Total design : Managing the design process in the service sector

Part 1 About this book and service design: introduction design management. Part 2 The stages of service design: marketing research the service design specification creativity, finding and assessing new concepts implementation innovation or incremental design in services the early stages of service design in detail. Part 3 Who does it? : design teams training for total service design. Part 4 Aspects of service design: queuing - the sign of a bad service technology transfer. Part 5 A worked example of total service design: "Come Clean. Appendix: a discussion of design definitions.
Improved magnet wire for inverter-fed motors

The inverter pulse resistant magnet wire, Thermaleze Q', was developed and introduced to the market in September 1995. Since then, laboratory accelerated motor tests as well as field tests have been performed in many different inverter-fed motor applications. It has been proved to be a greatly improved product for inverter-fed motor applications. However, an accelerated lab test on twisted pairs at elevated temperatures indicated that the current version of this wire has its limitations in high-temperature applications. Therefore, an improved version is being developed. The dielectric performance of this improved wire in comparison to current Quantumshield is presented and discussed in this paper.
Towards a new approach to job design research within modern manufacturing : the investigation of employee work orientations.

In this thesis it is argued that examining the work orientations' of shopfloor employees represents a new and much needed dimension to contemporary job design research. This focus arises from developments in manufacturing where, to attain a competitive advantage, organisations are increasingly introducing various new initiatives. Successful implementation of these initiatives, collectively referred to as 'Integrated Manufacturing' (IM), is deemed to require change in employee work orientations. Two main propositions were investigated in a series of field studies. The first is that the change required in work orientations (i.e. the development of broader, more proactive, and strategic orientations) is contingent upon the introduction of autonomous forms of work design. Considerable support for this proposition was found. In an initial study, employees within a traditional company had narrow orientations and this appeared to be, at least in part, a product of their simplified jobs. In the second study, where an IM initiative was introduced without concomitant change to job control, there was no change in employees' orientations. In the third and fourth studies, cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence, respectively, was presented to suggest that introducing IM with enhanced autonomy results in the development of new and more appropriate orientations. The second research proposition is that, within autonomous IM settings, employees with broader, more proactive orientations will be better performers. This was investigated in the final study using supervisors' ratings and skills scores as measures of performance. Orientations were shown to consistently predict scores on these indices, and change in one orientation measure predicted change in supervisors' ratings. An exploratory aim of the thesis was to investigate the influence of non job design factors on work views. Drawing mostly on qualitative data, organisational factors (e.g. payment methods) and personal factors were found to influence the development of orientations. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to both job design research and issues in modern manufacturing.
EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON MONTHLY TEST DAY MILK YIELD IN MURRAH BUFFALOES IN FIELD CONDITION

A total of 2235 Monthly Test Day Milk Yield (MTDMY) records of 279 Murrah buffaloes from three villages which had calved during 2003–2007 and completed three lactations, of district Karnal (Haryana), were analyzed to study the effect of non-genetic factors on the MTDMY. Study was conducted to see the effect of season of birth, year of calving, effect of floor, wallowing, ventilations, AI practices, education, herd size and village on the MTDMY. Management practices followed in the villages was also studied in order to assess farmer's acquaintance to the modern management practices. It was observed that fair management practices adopted in villages around the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India. Facility of wallowing, herd size and village was having significant effect (P< 0.01) on almost all the MTDMY in Murrah buffalo in the field condition. Large herd with regular facility of wallowing was recorded with high MTDMY. Study revealed that for performing an evaluation of Murrah buffalo based on MTDMY in the field conditions different management practices might be considered.
A simplified thermohydrodynamic stability analysis of journal bearings

Abstract This work investigates the stability of a journal bearing system, including the effects of inlet viscosity. Simplified thermohydrodynamic design charts for the rapid prediction of stiffness coefficients, damping coefficients, and threshold speed have been developed. This investigation reveals that the inlet viscosity has a pronounced influence on the bearing dynamic coefficients of the lubricating oil film. This investigation also reveals that it is possible to stabilize a journal bearing either by heating the oil or by cooling the oil depending on the operating region.
The company law implications of conferring a power on a subsidiary to acquire the shares of its holding company

Die wetgewer het ingevolge artikel 89 saamgelees met artikel 39 van die Maatskappyewet 'n filiaalmaatskappy gemagtig om aandele van die houermaatskappy te bekom en te hou mits daar genoegsame regulering is. Waarom dit toegelaat is, is nie duidelik nie. Dit lyk na 'n natuurlike gevolg van die algemene herroeping van die verbod daarop dat 'n maatskappy sy eie aandele regstreeks kan bekom maar die wetgewer het versuim om behoorlik ag te slaan op die volle implikasies van die verhouding tussen 'n houer- en filiaalmaatskappy en die potensiaal vir camouflage en die misbruik van beheer wat daarin opgesluit le. Om hierdie rede moes die wetgewer die voordele, risiko's en kompleksiteite verbonde aan sodanige magtiging versigtiger oorweeg het ten einde 'n filiaal se verkryging van die aandele van 'n houermaatskappy en 'n maatskappy se verkryging van sy eie aandele op 'n soortgelyke wetgewende wyse te beredder. In die besonder is die wetgewer inkonsekwent in die wyse waarop dit direkte en indirekte herverkrygings van aandele vir belastingdoeleindes hanteer asook in die beleid wat dit volg oor skatkisaandele (treasury shares) . Laasgenoemde word in die konteks van regstreekse aandeleherverkryging streng verbied maar die magtiging van 'n filiaal om aandele van sy houermaatskappy te bekom en te hou veronderstel dat ons reg skatkisaandele toelaat. Indien die wetgewer sou voortgaan om die onregstreekse herverkryging van aandele toe te laat, sal die gemelde kwessies dus aangespreek moet word.
No Need to Run Millions of Regressions

We argue that in modelling cross-country growth models one should first identify so-called outlying observations. For the data set of Sala-i-Martin, we use the least median of squares (LMS) estimator to identify outliers. As LMS is not suited for inference, we then use reweighted least squares (RLS) for our cross-country growth models. We identify 27 variables that are significantly related to economic growth. Subsequently, applying Sala-i-Martin's approach for the data set without outliers hardly reveals any additional information. Variables that are insignificant according to the RLS method are generally not significantly related to economic growth under the Sala-i-Martin approach.
Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of spray-dried microcapsules propolis from Tetragonula species

The objective of this study was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of propolis microcapsules from Tetragonula spp. A microplate reader was used to determine TPC and AA. Smooth propolis extract with the highest TPC and AA was used as core material for microencapsulation with maltodextrin and gum arabic as coating materials, prepared by using the spray-drying method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphologies of microcapsules. The spray-dried propolis (SDP) microcapsules exhibited the high TPC of 237.33 mg GAE/g, AA with the EC50 value of 34.823 µg/ml, moisture content at 6.32%, the water solubility was 92.48%. The SEM images of SDP microcapsules showed uniform spherical particles with sizes ranging from 0.8 to 4 µm. The conclusion was propolis with high total phenolic content can be prepared as a core material for microencapsulation with maltodextrin and gum arabic as a coating material using the spray-drying method. The microencapsulation cou.