Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenging our understanding of youth sport specialization: an examination and critique of the literature through the lens of Bronfenbrenner’s Person-Process-Context-Time Model

ABSTRACT The examination of youth sport specialization and athlete participation pathways have been sustained lines of inquiry among multiple branches of the sport sciences. The common consensus in scholarly and practical circles indicates that intensive specialization – particularly at an early age – is a maladaptive pattern of participation that presents risks to an athlete’s physical and psychosocial development. Despite these words of caution, a considerable proportion of athletes continue to engage in specialized participation in contemporary sport settings. To better address this disconnect, this article argues for a reconceptualization of the lens by which sport specialization is studied to better understand the participation pathway process: Specifically, use of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological Person-Process-Context-Time (PPCT) Model. The major tenets and assumptions of this framework are first overviewed in a broad sense, leading into a specific critique and analysis of the sport specialization literature as applied to this model. Finally, three guiding recommendations for encompassing a more ecological, practical approach to examining this phenomenon in future research are offered.
Maternal Behavioural Feeding Practices and Under-five Nutrition: Implication for Child Development and Care

Achieving development and improved levels of living with human resources is seriously handicapped by the biological consequences of malnutrition. This therefore underscores the pivotal importance of nutrition as an input to development. The study therefore investigated the breast-feeding, complementary feeding and attitude towards child feeding of 384 women with children between the ages of 0-24 months in Osun State. Analysis of data revealed that only 24% of the women practiced exclusive breast feeding and majority (48.8%) terminate breast feeding because they feel children were old enough at age 12 months. Children were fed only when they are hungry (49.9%) and 89.2% used feeding bottle for feeding. It was discovered that majority (81.3%) of the women have indifferent attitude towards the feeding of their children. Mothers with favourable attitude were only 20% and 3.5% had unfavourable attitude. Positive and significant association also existed between attitude of mothers towards child feeding practices and child's nutritional indicator weight-for-height (r= 0.328; p<0.05). It is therefore recommended that mothers should be intimated with recommended feeding practices and be encouraged to adopt it to achieve optimal nutrition for under-five children as human is the principal agent of development.
Keystroke Data in Programming Courses

Data collected from the learning process of students can be used to improve education in many ways. Such data can benefit multiple stakeholders of a programming course. Data about students’ performance can be used to detect struggling students who can then be given additional support benefiting the student. If data shows that students have to read a certain section of the material multiple times, it could indicate either that that section is possibly more important than others, or it might be unclear and could be improved, which benefits the teacher. Data collected through surveys can yield insight into students’ motivations for studying. Ultimately, data can increase our knowledge of how students learn benefiting educational researchers. Different kinds of data can be collected in online courses. In programming courses, data is typically collected from tools that are specifically made for learning programming. These tools include Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), program visualization tools, automatic assessment tools, and online learning materials. The granularity of data collected from such tools varies. Fine-grained data is data that is collected frequently, while coarse-grained data is collected less frequently. In a programming course, coarse-grained data might include students’ submissions to exercises, whereas fine-grained data might include students’ actions within the IDE such as editing source code. An example of extremely fine-grained data is keystroke data, which typically includes each key pressed while typing together with a timestamp that tells when exactly the key was pressed.
FC Receptor-Mediated Activities of Env-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Generated from Human Volunteers Receiving a DNA Prime-Protein Boost HIV Vaccine: A Dissertation

Human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) is able to elicit broadly potent neutralizing antibodies in a very small subset of individuals only after several years’ infection and as a result, vaccines that elicit these types of antibodies have been difficult to design. The RV144 trial showed that a moderate protection is possible, which may correlate with antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. Previous studies in the Lu lab demonstrated that in an HIV-1 vaccine phase I trial, DP6-001, a polyvalent Env DNA prime-protein boost formulation, could elicit potent and broadly reactive, gp120-specific antibodies with positive neutralization activities along with multiple Fc mediated effector functions. I developed a protocol for the production and analysis of HIV-1 Env-specific human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from these DP6-001 vaccinees. By utilizing a labeled gp120 bait to isolate Env specific B cells, paired heavy and light chain immunoglobulin (Ig) genes were cloned and allowed for the production of monoclonal antibodies with specificity for gp120. By using this protocol, 13 isolated mAbs from four DP6-001 vaccinees showed broad binding activities to gp120 proteins of diverse subtypes, both autologous and heterologous to vaccine immunogens, with mostly conformational epitopes and a few V3 and C5 specific mAbs. Equally cross-reactive Fcmediated functional activities, including ADCC and antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), were present with both immune sera and isolated mAbs, confirming the induction of non-neutralizing functional antibodies by the DNA prime-
Studies on ovarian functions in anestrous buffaloes treated with buffalo follicular fluid

Title of Thesis : Studies on ovarian functions in anestrous buffaloes treated with buffalo follicular fluid. Full Name of the Degree Holder : RAVI DUTT Admission Number : 2009V91D Title of the Degree : Doctor of Philosophy Name of Discipline : Animal Reproduction Name and Address of Major Advisor : Dr. Umed Singh, Major Advisor Professor Department of Veterinary Surgery. & Radiology LLR University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004. Degree Awarding University : LLR University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Year of Award of Degree : 2013 Major Subject : Animal Reproduction Total Number of Pages in Thesis : 37+ xii Number of Words in Abstract : 403
Associations between lesion size, lesion location and aphasia in acute stroke

ABSTRACT Background: The localization and organization of language has been an ongoing research interest ever since the early findings of Paul Broca. The emergence of neuroimaging the past 20 years has given us new insights on the anatomical and structural organization of the brain. Lesion studies on patients with aphasia can provide knowledge on where and how specific language functions are organized in the brain.Aims: The primary objective of the study was to investigate the relationships between aphasia severity, aphasic symptoms, lesion location and lesion volume in patients with left hemispheric stroke in the acute phase (within one week post-stroke). Using a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping method (VLSM), we hypothesized that lesions associated with speech comprehension deficits mainly would involve regions within the posterior superior and middle temporal lobe, and lesions associated with speech production deficits would mainly be associated to the inferior frontal areas of the left hemisphere.Methods & procedures: Findings from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) and patients’ scores from the Norwegian Basic Aphasia Assessment (NBAA) were used to investigate our research questions. We did a whole group analysis of descriptive statistics, lesion localization and lesion volume. We thereafter divided the patients into two groups based on their median scores on the NBAA, one high comprehension group and one low comprehension group. We used VLSM to investigate the associations between the patients’ lesions and the results from the NBAA.Outcomes & Results:Lesion volume was significantly associated with all subtest from the NBAA. Our initial analysis of the whole group showed that difficulties in naming was associated with lesions within the rolandic operculum. We also found that difficulties in repetition was associated with lesions within the rolandic operculum, and in addition, the superior temporal gyrus. In the group of patients with high comprehension scores lesions within Broca’s area, insula, the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and Heschl’s gyrus were found to be associated with difficulties with overall aphasia severity, repetition, naming, and reading out loud from the NBAA. Conclusions: Lesion volume is strongly associated with aphasia severity in the acute stages of stroke. Further, lesions within Broca’s area, the insula, the STG and Heschl’s gyrus were found to be crucial areas in language comprehension and production. This confirms current views that speech and language processes depend on the integrity of the entire network comprising both cortical structures and their interconnected fibre tracts.
Anthropometry and Nutritional Status of Primary School Children in a Sub-urban Region in Tanzania

Background: Although undernutrition in children is widely recognized as a major health problem in Tanzania, region-specific prevalence data remain scarce. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of stunting and thinness among primary-school-aged children in a village in the Arusha region in Tanzania, with the aim of developing a targeted nutritional support program. Methods: In the present school-based cross-sectional study, anthropometric measurements were obtained for all children (n = 1,379) who attended Baraa primary school in the Baraa village located at the transition between a rural and urban area in the Arusha region. The data were compared with the world health organization (WHO) 2007 growth reference data for individuals between the ages of 5 to 19. Continuous variables were compared using the t-test, while categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-square test. Spearman’s correlation and χ 2for trend were used to compare the trend of continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Results: Basic anthropometric values of the study participants were significantly lower than those of the reference population. The mean values of z-scores significantly differed from zero. No gender differences in the prevalence of stunting and thinness were found. Three hundred and twenty-six children (23.7%) suffered from at least one form of undernutrition: 225 (16.3%) were stunted while 156 (11.3%) were thin. The prevalence of both stunting and thinness was at its lowest in the youngest children (5 - 9 years) and highest in the oldest children (14 - 19 years). Furthermore, 54 (16.5%) of the undernourished children suffered from multiple forms of undernutrition. Conclusions: Undernutrition remains prevalent among primary-school-aged children in the Arusha region, Tanzania. Moreover, a high proportion of children suffer from a combination of different forms of undernutrition, with an increase in the prevalence of undernutrition with age.
RESEARCH ARTICLES Job and Career Satisfaction Among Pharmacy Preceptors

Objectives. To examine the perceived benefit of job and career satisfaction among pharmacist preceptors and to explore other factors that might influence satisfaction. Methods. A cross-sectional self-administered survey instrument was mailed to pharmacists in the South Central region of the United States who had active 2010 licenses to investigate whether being a pharmacist preceptor increases job and career satisfaction. Results.Twenty-three percent of the 363 respondents were active preceptors and 62% of these reported that they had been preceptors at some point in the past. Being an active preceptor was significantly related to increased job satisfaction (p 50.01) but not to career satisfaction. Having a perceived benefit of continuing education and being professionally challenged at work also were associated with increased job and career satisfaction (p , 0.001). Conclusions. Pharmacist preceptors have higher levels of self-reported job satisfaction.
A Ceramic Flat Slide Valve for Hydraulic Applications

With a flat slide valve concept, a reduction in leakage and an increase in service life could be achieved compared to conventional piston spool valves. In order to achieve a reduction in leakage flows and guarantee the adjustability of the valves at the same time, a correct design of the pressure compensation is essential. The level of force depends on the operating point of the valve and the position of the slider. Due to the design of the flat slide valve, it is possible to use ceramic semi-finished products for the main stage, which consists of control plates and a slide plate. The geometries are simple enough to be inexpensively manufactured with sufficient accuracy from a ceramic pre-product using laser cutting technology. High-tech ceramics are a promising material, which can contribute to an improvement of the performance of the valves. The higher resistance of ceramic materials to abrasive wear further increases the service life of the valves. Furthermore, ceramic materials show lower friction coefficients compared to metallic materials, which is of great importance for the concept of the flat slide valve due to the sliding of the plates on top of each other. However, at the same time the use of ceramics, which are rarely used in hydraulics at the moment, means that the design must be appropriate to the material and must be taken into account when designing the main valve stage. This article presents the concept of the flat slide valve for a proportional 4/3-way valve. Therefore, the design of the pressure compensation is shown and the current design of the main valve stage is presented. This includes the design of the flow channels, which has to be suitable for ceramic materials. The preliminary design of the flow channels were executed with CFD-simulations. With the shown design the function of a 4/3-way valve, known from piston spool valves, can be implemented with a linear behavior between slide plate deflection and opening cross section.
The effects of exchange rate depreciations and appreciations on the tourism trade balance: the case of Spain

Considering the high current account deficits worldwide and the growing importance of tourism to GDP in many countries, the impact of the exchange rate fluctuations on the tourism demand and on the current account of the balance of payments became crucial during the last decades. That is why many researchers focused on studying this impact in the context of different exchange rate regimes. Tourism has a significant positive impact on Spain’s trade balance, because Spain ranks 1st globally if we consider tourist arrivals. FED proceeded to many adjustments of its currency against other currencies to boost tourism industry. Thus, we estimated the impact of the exchange rate on trade balance in tourism with Turkey in the short and long run by using the non-linear ARDL cointegration approach because Turkey is the one of the main trade partner of Spain and this bilateral relation has not been studied so far in the economic literature. Our results show that the Euro depreciation boosts Turkey tourist arrivals, while the Euro appreciation is not significant for Spain’s tourism balance. Based on these results, we designed some policy recommendations.
Copper(II) and Sulfur Dioxide in Chardonnay Juice and Shiraz Must: Impact on Volatile Aroma Compounds and Cu Forms in Wine

This work outlines the influence of Cu(II) and SO2 concentrations in Chardonnay juice or Shiraz must on the respective wine composition. Analyses were conducted pre- and post-fermentation, after cold stabilization, after bentonite treatment (Chardonnay only), at bottling, and 15 months after bottling. The quantification of total Cu was conducted by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and free Cu by stripping potentiometry. Low molecular weight sulfur compounds, volatile aldehyde compounds, and general volatile compounds, including esters and terpenes, were quantified with gas-chromatography- or liquid-chromatography-QQQ-mass spectrometry. For Chardonnay, increased Cu concentration in the juice resulted in higher concentrations of Cu in the respective wine, while Shiraz wines showed no significant difference. Increased Cu addition to Chardonnay juice also produced significantly higher concentrations of H2S, 3-methylbutanal, and methional, but lower concentrations of methanethiol and phenylacetaldehyde, while SO2 addition increased 3-methylbutanal and phenylacetaldehyde, and decreased methanethiol production from post-fermentation to post-bottle aging. For the Shiraz, SO2 led to higher concentrations of H2S, and both SO2 and Cu addition increased the concentrations of hexanal, 3-methylbutanal, and phenylacetaldehyde in wine, but this effect diminished after cold stabilization. This study shows that SO2 and Cu in grape juice/must can have long-term implications for wine composition.
Non-invasive and non-ionizing depth resolved infra-red imaging for detection and evaluation of breast cancer: a numerical study

Among various breast cancer screening modalities (x-ray mammography, magnetic resonance, ultrasound, optical, positron emission mammography, molecular breast, breast specific gamma, guided radiofrequency biopsy and electrical impedance imaging) recently proposed infrared thermography proved to be an emerging screening technique due to its inherent capabilities (such as non-contact, non-harmful, full field imaging) for early detection of breast cancer. It is highly desirable to diagnose the cancer at an early stage for proper treatment. This present work highlights an emissivity insensitive highly depth resolved infrared imaging technique and associated analysis for early detection of the tumours present inside the breast at different depths simulated using a three-dimensional finite element model. In order to make this study more realizable an additive white Gaussian noise is incorporated in the generated simulated data. Further, the noisy data is analysed using time domain data processing technique to obtain the respective phase information. This letters presents the results obtained results for both normal breast as well as for the breast having four tumours located at different depths. In order to compare the detection capabilities of the proposed scheme quantitatively signal to noise ratio is taken as a figure of merit.
Access to child health services in Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria.

Background: As the world transits from the era of millennium development goals to that of sustainable development goals, an examination of the access to primary health care services in the previous era is germane to adequate planning and delivery of effective service in the emerging era. The objective of this study was determine factors associated with the use of primary health care (PHC) facilities for the health needs of children in Anambra State, Nigeria Methods: A cross sectional survey of 600 randomly selected mothers (15-49 years) was conducted in Orumba North local government area of Anambra State. An interviewer-based questionnaire, designed to provide information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents as well as their child rearing experiences was used. The questionnaire also provided data on the women’s use of immunization services. The perceptions on government health services were also examined to understand how they influence compliance. Results: More of non-demographic attributes like the mothers’ perceptions and past experiences with the health services influenced utilization more than the demographic attributes. Satisfactory experiences with health service influenced utilization (χ 2 =168.478; p<0.001). Those with good perception (95.4%) used the PHC facilities more (χ 2 =198.032; p<0.001). Conclusion : Irrespective of the socio-demographic backgrounds of the mothers, they all have feelings and react to situations they encounter daily. There is need to improve the experiences mothers get from encounter with the PHC facilities so as to improve on the perception and increase use of the facilities.
Effects of Decompressive Craniectomy with Mesh in the Level of Transforming Growth Factor Beta, Fibroblast Cell Count, Size of Fibrosis, and Clinical Adhesion of Peridural Tissues in Wistar Rat with Traumatic Brain Injury

One option to control intracranial pressure (ICP) is by performing decompressive craniectomy (DC) before definitive treatment. A common problem after DC is adhesion. Separated injured tissue surfaces by using bioabsorbable membranes over a critical/certain period are predicted to prevent fibrin bridge formation and adhesion. This study is conducted to prove the effects of DC with mesh on TGF-b levels, fibroblast cell count, fibrosis size and clinical adhesions in wistar rat with traumatic brain injury. The current research uses animal model with randomized post-test only control group design. A total of 20 samples that met the eligibility criteria were included in the study and randomized. A total of 10 samples were grouped as a control group (standard DC)and 10 samples were grouped as a study group (DC with mesh). On day 7, we performed euthanasia and took peridural tissue for examination of TGF-b levels, fibroblast cell count, and fibrosis size. The mean results of TGF-b in the study group were lower than the control group (81.28±17.48 pg/dl vs 93.83±9.51 pg/dl) although this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.062). For the mean number of fibroblasts cells, there was a significant difference where the study group was lower than the control group (56.8±20.59 cells/ HPF vs 94.8±18.56 cells/HPF) with p<0.001. The mean size of peridural fibrosis also showed a significant difference where the mean size of peridural fibrosis in the study group was lower than the control group (1182.52±347.05 μm vs 1545.78±378.28 μm) with p=0.038. Only DC samples (without the use of mesh) had a relative risk 8 times greater for clinical adhesions compared to mesh (RR=8;95% CI, 1,215-52,693;p=0,005). DC with mesh significantly resulted in low fibroblast cells count, size of peridural fibrosis, and the risk of clinical adhesions in wistar rat with traumatic brain injury.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Over a century has passed since the first reported cases of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) appeared in the literature. While it is generally accepted that LCPD results from disruption of blood supply to the capital epiphysis, the underlying etiology has remained elusive. The overriding goal in treating LCPD is to maintain a concentrically reduced hip with a spherical femoral head to prevent the development of degenerative changes in the young adult hip. Treatment options are based on the age of presentation, deformity present during active disease, or residual deformity at skeletal maturity. The majority of research has focused on diagnosis and management of LCPD during the early active phases. As our understanding of femoral acetabular impingement has evolved so too has our ability to safely treat the residual deformity characteristic of LCPD. This review focuses on the newest available literature concerning the diagnosis and treatment of LCPD in children and young adults.