Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Luminosity of Supernovae of Type Ia. I. Apparent Magnitudes at Maximum Light

All published UBV and m pg m pv photometry is used to determine maximum magnitudes for 31 supernovae of Type Ia (SN Ia). The main results of this work are summarized in a list of maximum magnitudes, and an estimate of their precision, for all objects which have been designated SN Ia on the basis of their spectra, and for a few supernovae in elliptical galaxies which were assumed to be of Type Ia.
Fundamentals of Vibrations

1 Concepts from Vibrations 2 Response of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems to Initial Excitations 3 Response of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems to Harmonic and Periodic Excitations 4 Response of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems to Nonperiodic Excitations 5 Two-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 6 Elements of Analytical Dynamics 7 Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 8 Distributed-Parameter Systems: Exact Solutions 9 Distributed-Parameter Systems: Approximate Mathods 10 The Finite Element Method 11 Nonlinear Oscilations 12 Random Vibrations Appendix A. Fourier Series Appendix B. Laplace Transformation Appendix C. Linear Algebra
Comparison of Some Biochemical Parameters in Covid-19 Patients and Vaccinated Individuals in Kirkuk/Iraq.

Corona virus2019(Covid-19) or severe Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) has been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) are global clinical biomarkers have been important in determining its severity, although its aspect have been well characterized, so the aim of this study is to investigate some common alteration in some biochemical parameters in serum of covid-19patients (hospitalized and non-hospitalized, vaccinated and control group. Study Design: The study conducted across sectional study in cohort of 167(40 hospitalized covid-19 whom paid a visit to Al-Shifaa-14 hospital, Kirkuk, from Iraq, 30 non-hospitalized covid-19, 67vaccinated individuals and 30 control healthy group), from december20,2021 till 20 March 2022. Their ages ranging from (20-75) years. The total 167 patients ,79 males and 88 were females. Age, comorbidities, and abnormalities in several clinical biomarkers have all been shown to be important in determining the severity of covid-19 illness in several investigations. Although the clinical aspects of COVID-19 have been well characterized, the assessment of changes in the most common biochemical indicators reported in COVID-19 patients is still lacking. So the study aimed to investigate common alterations in some biochemical parameters in the serum of COVID-19 patients (hospitalized and non-hospitalized), vaccinated individuals and control group. Sampling: Blood samples were collected from 167 individuals, then centrifuged to obtain serum for the biochemical tests that included B. urea and creatinine, Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT), Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from non-hospitalized of COVID-19 infection which was confirmed using real-time PCR technique. The study's findings revealed substantial variations in biochemical parameters between the examined groups in terms of creatinine (value >0.001) and urea (value >0.0001), as well as significant differences in GOT (value >0.0001) and ALP (value >0.0001). So this study can have concluded that patients infected with Covid-19 (hospitalized and infected outside the hospital- subsequently) have an increase in most biochemical parameters, however the effect was lower in the vaccinated group.
Pemmali Culture in the Bugis Community versus Law Enforcement of Age of Marriage in the Religious Courts

This study aims to explore the law enforcement of the age of marriage in the Bugis community, Islamic law and national law, and pemmali culture as one of the most crucial reasons for marriage dispensation. This study used sociological juridical research with normative and formal approaches, socio-anthropological and case studies. Data analysis techniques used the positivist theory of the legal system, law enforcement, and sociology of the legal system. The results showed that the enforcement of the age of marriage in the Bugis community does not have an age standard determination unless the daughter is menstruating. The application of pemmali culture causes daughters to become victims of underage marriages. They are blind to the knowledge of the age of marriage in Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. Most fiqh scholars still debate the application of the marriage age for children. As long as girls have not menstruated, they do not question child marriage if it is menstruating. However, in Indonesian national law, there is no way to legalize child marriage before getting a marriage dispensation. Pemmali culture can be one of the reasons for the sharp increase in marriage dispensations in Religious Courts due to the mindset of parents in the Bugis community when their daughters are underage and are proposed to three times by men. A significant implication of these findings is to reduce the amount of marriage dispensation recommended in the next research on the effectiveness of socialization of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage.
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)

Received Jul 19, 2022 Revised Nov 4, 2022 Accepted Nov 20, 2022 In the 21 century society, teenage life is the most deceitful stage in the life of a person. This is where teenagers adjust their physical and emotional changes in life. Early pregnancy becomes a social problem in our society and also in the Philippines. The study sought to determine the factors contributing to and biological concepts of adolescent mothers in early pregnancy. This mixed-method research purposively involved 30 adolescent mothers who enrolled in a state university in Zambales, Philippines. Results revealed that most adolescent mothers gave birth when they were 17-19 years old; most of them continue their studies and returned to school after three years and above. Among the factors, family and mass media do not affect their engagement in early pregnancy. Filipino adolescent mothers are all aware of the biological concepts in terms of the types of fertility control, biological processes, signs of pregnancy, and in the effects of early pregnancy. Five themes emerged on how young moms overcome their teenage pregnancy experiences. The respondents are all aware of the biological concepts in early pregnancy. Gender and development office of the university may craft programs that empower student-teenagers to cope with the challenges that they face during pregnancy.
Backscattered Solar Lyman- α Emission as a Tool for the Heliospheric Boundary Exploration

This review summarizes our current understanding of the outer heliosphere and local interstellar medium (LISM) inferred from observations and modeling of interplanetary Lyman- α emission. The emission is produced by solar Lyman- α photons (121.567 nm) backscattered by interstellar H atoms inﬂowing to the heliosphere from the LISM. Studies of Lyman- α radiation determined the parameters of interstellar hydrogen within a few astronomical units from the Sun. The interstellar hydrogen atoms appeared to be decelerated, heated, and shifted compared to the helium atoms. The detected deceleration and heating proved the existence of secondary hydrogen atoms created near the heliopause. This ﬁnding supports the discovery of a Hydrogen Wall beyond the heliosphere consisting of heated hydrogen observed in HST/GHRS Lyman- α absorption spectra toward nearby stars. The shift of the interstellar hydrogen bulk velocity was the ﬁrst observational evidence of the global heliosphere asymmetry conﬁrmed later by Voyager in situ measurements. SOHO/SWAN all-sky maps of the backscattered Lyman- α intensity identiﬁed variations of the solar wind mass ﬂux with heliolatitude and time. In particular, two maxima at mid-latitudes were discovered during solar activity maximum, which Ulysses missed due to its speciﬁc trajectory. Finally, Voyager/UVS and New Horizons/Alice UV spectrographs discovered extraheliospheric Lyman- α emission. We review these scientiﬁc breakthroughs, outline open science questions, and discuss potential future heliospheric Lyman- α experiments
High-resolution Observations of H α Spectra with a Subtractive Double Pass

High-resolution imaging spectroscopy in solar physics has relied on Fabry–Pérot interferometers (FPIs) in recent years. FPI systems, however, become technically challeng-ing and expensive for telescopes larger than the 1 m class. A conventional slit spectrograph with a diffraction-limited performance over a large ﬁeld of view (FOV) can be built at much lower cost and effort. It can be converted into an imaging spectro(polari)meter using the concept of a subtractive double pass (SDP). We demonstrate that an SDP system can reach a similar performance as FPI-based systems with a high spatial and moderate spectral resolution across a FOV of 100 (cid:2)(cid:2) × 100 (cid:2)(cid:2) with a spectral coverage of 1 nm. We use H α spectra taken with an SDP system at the Dunn Solar Telescope and complementary full-disc data to infer the properties of small-scale superpenumbral ﬁlaments. We ﬁnd that the majority of all ﬁlaments end in patches of opposite-polarity ﬁelds. The internal ﬁne-structure in the line-core intensity of H α at spatial scales of about 0 . (cid:2)(cid:2) 5 exceeds that in other parameters such as the line width, indicating small-scale opacity effects in a larger-scale structure with common properties. We conclude that SDP systems in combination with (multi-conjugate) adaptive optics are a valid alternative to FPI systems when high spatial resolution and a large FOV are required. They can also reach a cadence that is comparable to that of FPI systems, while
Form 990 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax

2 Check this box G if the organization discontinued its operations or disposed of more than 25% of its net assets. 3 Number of voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1a) . 3 4 Number of independent voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1b) . 4 5 Total number of individuals employed in calendar year 2010 (Part V, line 2a) . 5 6 Total number of volunteers (estimate if necessary) . 6 7a Total unrelated business revenue from Part VIII, column (C), line 12 . 7 a b Net unrelated business taxable income from Form 990-T, line 34 . 7 b OMB No. 1545-0047 Form 990 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except black lung benefit trust or private foundation) 2010
Identification of Lignan Compounds as New 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors for Lung Cancer

Targeting pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzymes has emerged as a promising strategy to combat cancer. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), the third critical enzyme of the PPP, catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate (6-PG) to produce ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru-5-P) and CO2. Overexpression of 6-PGD has been reported in multiple cancers and is recognized as a potential anticancer drug target. The current study is focused on the utilization of indispensable virtual screening tools for structure-based drug discovery. During the study, 17,000 natural compounds were screened against the 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) binding site of 6-PGD through a molecular operating environment (MOE), which revealed 115 inhibitors with higher selectivity and binding affinity. Out of the 115 best-fit compounds within the 6-PGD binding cavity, 15 compounds were selected and optimized through stringent in silico ADMET assessment models that justified the desirable pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and physicochemical profiles of 5 ligands. Further protein–ligand stability assessment through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation illustrated three potential hits, secoisolariciresinol, syringaresinol and cleomiscosin A, with stable confirmation. Moreover, 6-PGD inhibitor validation was performed by an in vitro enzymatic assay using human erythrocytes purified 6-PGD protein and A549 cell lysate protein. The results of the in vitro assays supported the in silico findings. In order to gain insight into the anticancer activity of the aforementioned compounds, they were subjected to CLC-Pred, an in silico cytotoxicity browsing tool, which proved their anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines at Pa > 0.5. Additionally, a confirmation for in silico cytotoxicity was made by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for commercially available hits syringaresinol and cleomiscosin A against lung cancer (A549) cells. The results demonstrated that syringaresinol has an IC50 value of 36.9 μg/mL, while cleomiscosin A has an IC50 value of 133 μg/mL. After MTT, flow cytometry analysis confirmed that compounds induced apoptosis in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This study suggested that the respective lignan compounds can serve as lead candidates for lung cancer therapy via 6-PGD inhibition. Furthermore, in vivo experiments need to be conducted to confirm their efficacy.
CAN GENDER AND RACE DYNAMICS IN PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS BE DISRUPTED? THE CASE OF ANCHORING*

Performance reviews in firms are common but controversial. Managers’ subjective appraisals of their employees’ performance and employees’ self-evaluations might be affected by demographic characteristics. As self-evaluations are typically shared with managers before they rate employees, social influence via anchoring may also contribute to gender or race differences in performance ratings. Analyzing the data of a multi-national financial services firm, we find gender and intersectionality gaps in self-ratings as well as race and intersectionality gaps in manager ratings, leading to female employees of color being assigned the lowest final ratings. We evaluate a mechanism that could disrupt these dynamics: a quasi-exogenous shock leading to self-evaluations not being shared with managers before they appraised employees. This intervention induced “de-anchoring,” leading to lower average manager ratings. However, it did not change overall gender or race dynamics as managers imposed their own gender and race effects (independent of self-evaluations), and also had access to previous years’ ratings for most employees. To exclude potential anchors from the past, we focus on employees with no history in the firm during their first year of employment. Among these newcomers, employees who traditionally have given themselves the lowest self-ratings—women of color—benefitted most from the intervention. The intervention did not, however, close the manager-induced race gap overall. These race dynamics were particularly pronounced in the US, negatively affecting Black, Asian and Latinx employees. Counterfactual simulations suggest that 22-28% of Black employees’ manager ratings would have to be increased for this race gap to disappear. JEL Codes: D90, D91, J71, M14 *Bohnet: Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA, USA. Hauser: Department of Economics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. Kristal: Harvard Business School, Cambridge, MA, USA. Correspondence: Iris Bohnet, Harvard Kennedy School, 79 JFK Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; email: iris_bohnet@harvard.edu; phone: +1(617)495-5605. We thank participants in seminars at Carnegie Mellon University, the Center for Economic and Policy Research, Harvard University, and the University of California Berkeley’s Science of Diversity and Inclusion Initiative for their helpful comments, and Pivotal Ventures and the UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship for their generous support. 2
Interrater Reliability of a Tool Measuring the Quality of Nursing Triage in the Emergency Department

Introduction: Triage plays an essential role in the Emergency Department (ED), helping maintain a safe patient flow. Although assessing the quality of the triage process is crucial, to date, there has been no metrological testing of a tool measuring the quality of nursing triage. Objective: This study aimed to assess the interrater reliability of the Audit Triage Tool (ATT) in Quebec, Canada. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place in a regional ED. Fifty triages were selected using a systematic random sampling technique with quotas of 10 triages grouped under 5 chief complaints: chest pain, abdominal pain, neurological problems, major blunt trauma and fever. A total of 4 auditors individually applied the 49 criteria of the ATT to 50 triages. The interrater reliability was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), percentage of unanimity (PU) and percentage of agreement (PA). Results: Based on the ICC, 33/49 criteria showed fair (ICC 0.60, comparatively to only 2/26 implicit criteria. Discussion and conclusion: Findings showed that a quarter of the ATT criteria had poor interrater reliability according to various statistical tests. Solutions to improve the reliability of the ATT, mostly regarding the implicit criteria, are needed. Finally, future methodological research on triage quality assessment should focus on a thorough validation of the ATT.
Semidynamical models of radio jets: relativistic beaming and source counts.

VLBI observations of compact radio sources exhibit core-jet structure and apparent superluminal expansion. Both features can be produced by a relativistic jet of radio-emitting plasma beamed toward the observer. This model implies that there should be several fainter unbeamed sources for every beamed source. Partial luminosity functions (the probability distribution functions for the observed flux from a source at a given distance viewed from different directions) are calculated for different relativistic jet models. Kinematical models that approximate relativistic shock fronts are emphasized. These differ from the kinematically simpler models which are usually invoked, in that the velocity of the emitting fluid, which is responsible for the Doppler boosting, is distinct from the velocity of the pattern, which is responsible for the superluminal motion. Numerical calculations of the emission from semidynamical shock models demonstrate that a wide range of partial luminosity functions can be produced. It is concluded that source counts cannot be used as precise probes of relativistic beaming and are of limited use in testing the beaming hypothesis. 27 references.
Analysis of Multivariate Social Science Data (2nd ed.)

Analysis of Multivariate Social Science Data is written by four well-respected scholars in the social sciences and is designed “to give students and social researchers with limited mathematical and statistical knowledge a basic understanding of some of the main multivariate methods and the knowledge to carry them out” (p. ix). Using practical examples and minimizing the use of formal mathematics, the authors aim to provide practitioners with an accessible common-language introduction to what they consider the most important multivariate methods used in social scientific research. We reviewed the second edition of this book; for an alternative review of this edition see Mair (2009), and for a review of the first edition see Austin (2003). In this second edition, the authors have maintained the use of practical examples that were cited by reviewers as a clear strength of the book. This has resulted in an emphasis on example-driven interpretation of statistical results that serve to explain, illustrate, and even to compare and contrast the different methods. The first chapter is designed to orient the reader by providing a brief history of how the book was developed from course notes; it includes detailed explanations of the authors’ nonmathematical approach to instruction, provides a review of basic notation and terminology, and discusses the focal role of examples throughout the book. Each of the subsequent 11 chapters is devoted to exploring a particular analytic method following a progression that the authors describe as moving “from simpler to more complex” (p. x). The first four of these chapters are devoted to methods that the authors collect under the terms descriptive methods, data reduction methods, and methods for data summarization: cluster analysis (Chapter 2), multidimensional scaling (Chapter 3), correspondence analysis (Chapter 4), and principal components analysis (Chapter 5). Simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and path analysis are all covered in Chapter 6 (new to this edition), which serves as a pivotal transitional chapter between the first and second main sections of the book. In these later chapters,
Infrared Images of M17

A 256 x 256 near-IR camera at NOAO to image a large portion of the M17 star formation complex. A mosaic image of total size 9 x 9 arcmin is constructed in each of three infrared colors-J, H, and K. The observations determine the size and extent of the obscured cluster of stars which excites the powerful H II region and heats the luminous dust in the adjacent molecular cloud. More than 100 OB stars are found in a clustering several parsecs in diameter within an obscured portion of the H II region. The K luminosity function of this cluster differs significantly from that of the field stars, and has the form expected from the Salpeter initial mass function. The present level of star formation activity in the adjacent molecular clouds M17 SW is found to be considerably lower than that which produced the OB cluster in the H II region. Most of the cluster members are found to have infrared colors which are not consistent with those of purely reddened stellar photospheres. These stars that display IR excesses may be surrounded by circumstellar disks. 26 refs.
Analysis of rigid rafts supported by granular piles

Solutions for the magnitude and rate of settlement of rigid foundations supported by soil reinforced with granular piles are presented. An analytic solution using the theory of elasticity is developed for the settlement of the foundation and expressions for evaluating the moment and shear distributions across the foundation are given. A solution for the increase of the rate of settlement due to the presence of the granular piles has been found by a numerical solution of Biot's equations of consolidation.
Nonlinear Diverging Waves

N. W. McLachlan and A. L. Meyers [Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 47, 644 (1935)] and K. A. Naugol'nykh [Soviet Phys.—Acoustics 5, 79 (1959)] have obtained solutions valid to second order in the wave amplitude for spherically symmetric waves. We have generalized their results and obtained solutions for nonspherically symmetric waves. If the first order density wave satisfying the linear wave equation is taken to be ρ1 = (A/r)e−i(ωt−kr) × f(θ,φ), we find the second‐order correction to the density to be ρ2 = −12 iρ0−1kA2r[ln(rr0)][2+c0−2ρ0(d2pdρ2)ρ=ρ0]×e−2t(ωt−kr)f2(θ,φ). This result is subject to the restrictions that kr≫1 and that |∇f| ≪k. This result corresponds to the solution found in the literature for the special case of the spherically symmetric wave, f(θ,φ) = 1. (This work was supported jointly by the U. S. Office of Naval Research and the Aeronautical Systems Division, Air Research and Development Command, U. S. Air Force.)