Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues

Knowledge is a broad and abstract notion that has defined epistemological debate in western philosophy since the classical Greek era. In the past few years, however, there has been a growing interest in treating knowledge as a significant organizational resource. Consistent with the interest in organizational knowledge and knowledge management (KM), IS researchers have begun promoting a class of information systems, referred to as knowledge management systems (KMS). The objective of KMS is to support creation, transfer, and application of knowledge in organizations. Knowledge and knowledge management are complex and multi-faceted concepts. Thus, effective development and implementation of KMS requires a foundation in several rich literatures.
Rapid increase of herbicide resistance in Echinochloa spp. consequent to repeated applications of the same herbicides over time

ABSTRACT Weed control in rice fields has become particularly difficult because of the increased occurrence of herbicide resistance. The objective of the study was to assess in field conditions, in Italy, if repeated applications of the same herbicides on Echinochloa spp. populations already showing an initial level of resistance would increase their level of resistance over a short time. Repeated applications of penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl were performed at different rates, either alone, in combination, or in sequence for one, two or three consecutive years (2010–2012) in the same plots. Confirmation of resistance was performed in greenhouse on plants derived from untreated plots and from those that survived the field treatments. Penoxsulam efficacy was lower than that obtained with cyhalofop-butyl. The average efficacy across herbicide treatments declined over time as it was 52%, 32%, and 13% at 28 days after treatments in plots treated for one, two and three years, respectively. The treatments performed in greenhouse confirmed the low herbicide efficacy observed in the field. Study results highlighted that repeated applications of ALS and ACCase inhibitor herbicides can accelerate resistance selection in Echinochloa, and even herbicide rotation, sequencing, or mixing might not be effective if applied at time intervals of insufficient length.
Effect of remating interval, weaning age and parity on rabbit doe performance under heat stress.

Forty three cross-breed New Zealand, California, Butterfly, Dutch and Satin rabbit does were first mated with an average weight of 3.58±0.44 kg. Once confirmed pregnancy, rabbit does were randomly assigned to two treatments: in the treatment A the does were mated 14 d after parturition and litters were weaned at 35 d of age; in the treatment B the does were mated 21 d after parturition and litters were weaned at 42 d of age. A commercial pelleted diet was offered ad libitum. The following measurements were recorded for six months (the first three parities): eliminated does, doe weight at birth and at weaning, doe feed intake, number of mating per doe to get pregnant, number of kits and kit mortality, litter weight and litter feed intake, feed efficiency. Inside the farm the temperaturehumidity index during the sun light period ranged form 28 to 32, which can be considered as moderate/severe heat stress. In the rabbit does of treatment B the number of kits at weaning decreased by 36% (P=0.026) in comparison to does of treatment A and the parturition interval increased (+2.6 d with respect the expected interval). Feed efficiency tended to be lower by 25% (P=0.093) in the B group. No effect of treatments was detected on total eliminated does (7.55% on average), weight of rabbit does at birth (3.66 kg) and at weaning (3.79 kg), feed intake (72.0 g/kg BW/d), fertility (91.7%) and the number of kits born alive (5.80). Parturition interval tended to increase between the third and the fourth parity (P=0.073). Kit mortality at birth was high (15.9%), and tended to be lower at the first parturition compared the following two ones (P=0.12). Kit mortality during lactation increased with parity number (P=0.029). Most of mortality of suckling rabbits (95%) occurred during the first 21 days of lactation. Accordingly, feed efficiency impaired with parity number (P=0.014). Parity number did not affect total eliminated does, weight of rabbit doe at birth or at weaning, feed intake, fertility and number of kits born alive. These results show that rabbit doe productivity impairs when lactation is extended and along successive reproductive cycles.
Human Evolution: A Very Short Introduction

Human Evolution: A Very Short Introduction traces the history of palaeoanthropology from its beginnings in the 18th century to the very latest fossil finds. In this new edition it discusses how ancient DNA studies have revolutionized how we view the recent (post-550,000 years ago) human evolution, and the process of speciation. The combination of ancient and modern human DNA has contributed to discoveries of new taxa, as well as the suggestion of ‘ghost’ taxa whose fossil records still remain to be discovered. Considering the contributions of related sciences such as palaeoclimatology, geochronology, systematics, genetics, and developmental biology, this VSI explores our latest understandings of our own evolution.
Multiobjective Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control Using Novel Delay Compensation Technique for PMSM

This article proposes a new finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategy that simultaneously evaluates two targeting control objectives including speed and currents in a single cost function, achieving high-performance single-closed-loop control structure. Besides, aiming at the calculation delay problem of the model predictive control controllers, a novel calculation delay compensation method by predicting the current variation within the delay time is proposed. In this article, an improved machine model that is especially designed for the multiobjective FCS-MPC operation is illustrated at first. Then, a new cost function that can evaluate the tracking performance of speed and d-axis current and the steady-state performance of the q-axis current is developed. Compared with the conventional FCS-MPC approaches, extra speed controllers are not needed so that the proposed control topology becomes simpler. Then, in order to tune the weighting factors for the speed and currents in the cost function, an efficient handling strategy containing two implementation procedures, state variable normalization and balance of state sensitivity to voltage alteration, is developed. Finally, a brand-new computation delay estimation and compensation technique based on the dual sampling within a control period is proposed to reduce the current and torque ripples during the control process. Comparative simulation and experiments conducted on a three-phase 1.5-kW permanent magnet synchronous machine drive system are employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Investigation for Sidewall Roughness Caused Optical Scattering Loss of Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguides with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Sidewall roughness-caused optical loss of waveguides is one of the critical limitations to the proliferation of the silicon photonic integrated circuits in fiber-optic communications and optical interconnects in computers, so it is imperative to investigate the distribution characteristics of sidewall roughness and its impact upon the optical losses. In this article, we investigated the distribution properties of waveguide sidewall roughness (SWR) with the analysis for the three-dimensional (3-D) SWR of dielectric waveguides, and, then the accurate SWR measurements for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide were carried out with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Further, we composed a theoretical/experimental combinative model of the SWR-caused optical propagation loss. Consequently, with the systematic simulations for the characteristics of optical propagation loss of SOI waveguides, the two critical points were found: (i) the sidewall roughness-caused optical loss was synchronously dependent on the correlation length and the waveguide width in addition to the SWR and (ii) the theoretical upper limit of the correlation length was the bottleneck to compressing the roughness-induced optical loss. The simulation results for the optical loss characteristics, including the differences between the TE and TM modes, were in accord with the experimental data published in the literature. The above research outcomes are very sustainable to the selection of coatings before/after the SOI waveguide fabrication.
DETEKSI DINI KANKER PAYUDARA DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA SENDIRI (SADARI)

Secara global, American Cancer Society mencatat jumlah penderita kanker, berdasarkan data insiden, prevalensi, dan mortalitas kanker, mencapai setidaknya 18 juta penderita pada 2018. Dengan populasi dunia mencapai 7,7 miliar orang, angka prevalensi kanker mencapai 2,3 per seribu penduduk. Prevalensi kanker ini didominasi oleh beberapa penyakit kanker utama: kanker paru (11,6%) pada laki-laki dan perempuan, lalu kanker payudara (11,6%), kanker prostat (7,1%), dan kanker usus besar (6,1 %) (The Global Cancer Observatory, 2018). Berdasakan data yang dikumpulkan oleh International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC) pada tahun 2012 terdapat 8,2 juta kematian akibat kanker. Kemudian pada tahun 2018 meningkat menjadi 9,6 juta total kematian akibat kanker di seluruh dunia. Di samping kematian yang diakibatkannya, kanker juga menunjukkan jumlah kasus baru yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia. Diperkirakan jumlah kasus baru kanker akan terus meningkat hingga 70% dalam 20 tahun ke depan (WHO, 2018). Pada tahun 2018, di antara jenis kanker lainnya, kanker payudara merupakan jenis kanker dengan proporsi tertinggi di dunia pada perempuan, yaitu sebesar 46,31 per 100.000 perempuan, dan menduduki peringkat kedua sebagai jenis kanker penyebab kematian tertinggi (11,6%) sama dengan kanker paru (11,6%) (IARC, 2018).
Genetic and cytogenetic analysis of spikelet sterility in Indica x Japonica crosses in Oryza sativa L.

Expression of variable degree of spikelet sterility in indica x japonica inter-subspecific crosses is one of the barriers in the exploitation of higher degree of heterosis manifested in such crosses. Twenty six inter-subspecific crosses derived from four japonicas and seven indicas (including two wide compatible varieties) and 12 F2 progenies were evaluated for spikelet fertility and sterility expression. Structural heterozygosity in highly sterile cross was not detected at various stages of meiosis. Therefore, chromosomal differentiation has not been attributed to spikelet sterility in the present indica x japonica cross. Based on erratic mode of segregation for fertility and sterility, expression of wide compatible gene has been suggested to be highly cross specific, which may be due to the presence of different set(s) of modifier genes and epistasis. Trigenic complementary ratio with one basic gene for wide compatible trait obtained during the present study in four crosses may partly account for complex genetics of spikelet sterility in inter-subspecific crosses.
Cutaneous aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report

Cutaneous aspergillosis is a rare disease that is usually seen in immunosuppressed patients. It is rarely found in immunocompetent patients and it is mostly caused by Aspergillus. flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and rarely by Aspergillus niger. Cutaneous Aspergillosis is of two types: primary or secondary. Primary cutaneous aspergillosis frequently involves sites of skin injury, at or near intravenous catheter sites, at sites associated with occlusive dressings, at sites of traumatic inoculation, surgery or burns. Secondary cutaneous lesions occur as a result of either from widespread blood-borne seeding of the skin or it may occur from contiguous extension to the skin from an infected underlying structure. The current study is presenting a case of a 25-year-old female, a farmer by occupation, presented with multiple scaly plaques and verrucous nodules with a past history of trauma over knee 3 years back. After trauma she initially noticed lesions over knee followed by the elbow, face and oral lesions noticed 7 months back. There was no present or past history of weight loss, anorexia and serological tests were negative for HIV. One year back she was diagnosed as lupus vulgaris and received Anti-Tubercular treatment without much benefit. She came to our hospital where biopsy from lesions over elbow revealed dense inflammatory exudate, septate fungal hyphae showing acute angle branching on H and E stain and PAS stain, which is suggestive of aspergillosis. Scrapping from oral lesion also revealed inflammatory cells with septate fungal hyphae with acute angle branching on PAP stain. Histopathological, cytological study and fungal culture show fungal infection caused by Aspergillus niger. In cutaneous aspergillosis, surgical excision alone or combination with drug therapy was found to be curative. The present case report was important due to its rarity.
Crop suitability analysis for crop diversification in the sub-mountain zone - a case study.

This study presents a GIS-based land suitability model under diversification programme. It combines the limitation approach of land capability classification, productivity potential evaluation procedure and crop suitability evaluation framework of FAO. Two blocks from the sub-mountain Siwalik region of Punjab viz., Mahalpur and Garhshankar were selected. This study evaluates the capabilities of the study area for traditional crops like wheat, paddy and maize, and recently introduced crops like sugarcane, sunflower, pea, rapeseed-mustard, potato and kinnow mandarin for agricultural diversification. The suitability of the crops has been worked out at the village level. About 35 per cent of total area, mostly in Siwallik hills is not fit for growing any type of crop. Sandy texture, uneven topography, moderately steep slopes and excessive drainage are responsible for the unsuitability of this area. The GIS based suitability analysis for traditional crops as well as for new crops under diversification of agriculture points towards suitability of relatively large areas for new crops like sunflower (37%), potato (43%) and sugarcane (31%). Forty three and 14 per cent of total area has been found highly suitable and suitable, respectively for growing green pea- a cash crop. Thirty three per cent of total area is suitable for growing kinnow mandarin fruit.
A molecular phylogeny of Glaphyridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): evolution of pollination and association with ‘Poppy guild’ flowers

Among Scarabaeoidea, pollen feeding occurs in two major lineages, pleurostict Scarabaeidae and Glaphyridae. Here we infer for the first time the phylogeny of the scarabaeoid lineage Glaphyridae (Coleoptera) based on molecular data using partial gene sequences for 28S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) and 16S rRNA (rrnL) for 41 species. Based on the resulting tree topology, we inferred the timing of the origin of pollination and of their coevolution with different flower host taxa, with particular focus on the prominent red‐coloured ‘poppy guild’ flowers. All genera of Glaphyridae that were sampled with multiple species were recovered as monophyletic. According to this analysis, the origin of Glaphyridae was around 140 Ma, while crown group divergence was dated to have occurred c. 112 Ma. Pollen feeding originated in Glaphyridae only once and much later than in other important pollinator groups, between 97 and 67 Ma. According to the reconstruction of ancestral feeding traits, Asteraceae (Cicharioidae) were the first hosts of Glaphyridae. Presumably, a further adaptive radiation was triggered by feeding on and pollination of red flowers (poppy guild) which arose at a later stage. It occurred for the first time between 30 and 40 Ma, whereby the clades that use red Ranunculaceae (Pygopleurus spp.) are older than clades using exclusively red Papaveraceae (Eulasia spp.) (25–30 Ma). The rather young age of red Ranunculaceae would imply that Pygopleurus species only subsequently used red Ranunculus species as flower hosts, and that a broad parallel host shift probably from red Papaver spp. to red Ranunculus asiaticus has occurred rather recently.
Crystal Structure of a Proteolytic Fragment of the Sensor Histidine Kinase NarQ

Two-component signaling systems (TCSs) are a large and important class of sensory systems in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotes, yet their mechanism of action is still not fully understood from the structural point of view. Many TCS receptors are elongated flexible proteins with transmembrane (TM) regions, and are difficult to work with. Consequently, truncated fragments of the receptors are often used in structural studies. However, it is not fully clear whether the structures of the fragments correspond well to their native structures in the context of full-length proteins. Recently, we crystallized a fragment of Escherichia coli nitrate/nitrite sensor histidine kinase, NarQ, encompassing the sensor, TM, and HAMP domains. Here we report that a smaller proteolytic fragment consisting of the sensor and TM domains can also be crystallized using the in meso approach. The structure of the fragment is similar to the previously determined one, with minor differences in the vicinity of the truncation site. The results show that the crystallization of such sensor–TM fragments can be accomplished and can provide information on the packing of transmembrane helices, albeit limited, and that the proteolysis may or may not be a problem during crystallization.
New genes involved in the synthesis of diphthamide, a modification of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 with roles in diphtheria disease and ovarian cancer formation

Diphthamide, the target of Diphtheria toxin, is a unique post-translational modification on His699 (S. cerevisiae) of translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) found in eukarya and archaea. It serves as the unique target for bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins such as Diphtheria Toxin, Exotoxin A and Cholix toxin. So far six genes have been known to be involved in the complex three-step biosynthesis pathway: bona fide diphthamide genes DPH1-DPH5 and the recently identified YBR246w. While the latter was shown to be involved in the final step of the pathway, its exact role remains unclear. Dph1-Dph4 facilitate the initial step of the pathway and the methytransferase, Dph5, the second step. Surprisingly, after almost four decades of intensive research the enzyme catalyzing the final step, the conversion of the intermediate diphthine into the final product diphthamide, has remained elusive. We sought to exploit yeast genetic interaction and chemical genomic databases in order to identify novel diphthamide biosynthesis genes. A novel candidate gene YLR143w was identified and we here present genetic, phenotypic and biochemical analyses that clearly identify YLR143w as a novel diphthamide biosynthesis gene. Our observations implicate that YLR143w is the main catalytic enzyme necessary for the third step of the pathway, while YBR246w has a regulatory role involving Dph5-EF2 interaction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Dph1 is likely the primary catalytic enzyme which generates the initial modification on the His699 residue. In addition to the implications in bacterial pathogenesis, diphthamide and the biosynthesis genes DPH1, DPH3 and DPH4 are associated with cancer formation as well as defects in embryonic development and cell proliferation control. We here demonstrate that diphthamide deficient yeast cells display a significant increase in -1 frameshifting during translation and propose that this is the underlying cause of the phenotypes seen in mammalian organisms. New Genes Involved in the Synthesis of Diphthamide, a Modification of Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 2 with Roles in Diphtheria Disease and Ovarian Cancer Formation
Surface Defect Detection Using Image Pyramid

Surface defect detection has received increased attention in relation to the product quality and industry safety. This paper develops an image pyramid convolution neural network (IPCNN) model to detect surface defects in images. The IPCNN is an improvement of the Mask rcnn model. It combines image pyramid and deep convolution neural network to extract pyramid features for defect detections. First, it constructs an image pyramid. Then, images from the pyramid are processed with a deep residual neural network to extract features. Extracted features are then fused and processed with a feature pyramid network to generate pyramid features. A region proposal network then operates on the pyramid features to generate defect bounding boxes and make classifications. Finally, a fully convolutional neural network generates defect masks in the detected bounding boxes. The IPCNN was evaluated on the publicly available COCO dataset and improved the Mask rcnn by approximately one point. Additionally, it generated high precision and recall values on inspecting the oil leak defect on freight train with a small dataset. The comparison with state-of-the-art methods on freight train defect detection showed the promising results of IPCNN. The efficiency of the IPCNN is 0.243 seconds per frame.
Modeling the contingent role of technological optimism on customer satisfaction with self-service technologies

Based on the E-Service Quality (E-SQ) model, this study investigates the effects of self-service technology (SST) quality attributes, specifically automated teller machines (ATMs), on customer satisfaction. The interaction effects of technological optimism on the abovementioned link are also examined. SST usage is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct that consists of five dimensions (reliability, security, convenience, functionality and responsiveness). ,The data were collected through a survey of a sample of Malaysian participants who used cash-recycling ATMs. The proposed theoretical model was tested using partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM). ,The results suggest that reliability, convenience, and functionality are critical factors that affect customer satisfaction in using ATMs. Technological optimism was found to weaken the relationship between reliability and customer satisfaction. ,Considering the relative novelty of cash-recycling ATMs in the market, banks should ensure a smooth, error-free and accessible functioning of the system. Special attention has to be given to tech-savvy consumers whose higher level of optimism, with an increase of perceptions of reliability, may suppress their heighten sense of fulfillment. This customer group could be offered interactive digital engagement through mobile applications and social networking channels. ,The E-SQ model is a helpful tool to understand the reasons underlying user satisfaction with cash-recycling ATMs. The results also contribute to the theoretical development of the E-SQ model through the integration of technological optimism as a contingent factor.