Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3-20 MeV Electrons in the Inner Three-dimensional Heliosphere at Solar Maximum: Ulysses COSPIN/KET Observations

The Ulysses trajectory provides a unique opportunity to study the propagation of MeV electrons in a wide range of heliographic latitudes and during varying conditions in the inner heliosphere. From the Ulysses launch up to the beginning of 1998, the 3-10 MeV electron count rate of the COSPIN/KET instrument has been consistently described by modulation models taking into account Galactic cosmic rays as well as Jovian electrons. In this paper we focus on the MeV electron observations from 1998 onward, covering Ulysses' second out-of-ecliptic path, which was performed under solar maximum conditions. In contrast to our expectations, the electron intensity stayed at approximately the same level as the one observed in 1991 when Ulysses was magnetically well connected to Jupiter. In this paper we report on the discovery of short-term 3-10 MeV and 7-20 MeV electron intensity increases at the highest southern heliographic latitudes, which are not correlated with solar particle events.
A Model for Teaching Spatial-Dispersi on Concepts and the Importance of Screening in Nanoscale Structures

Spatial dispersion has emerged as an extremely important concept in modeling metamaterials, including macro-, micro-, and nano-structured composites. However, the incorporation of spatial dispersion requires a considerable complication of the usual Ohm's law relationship with which students are familiar. In this note, the drift-diffusion equation is shown to be equivalent to the usual form of spatial dispersion in simple isotropic plasmas and metamaterials. It is suggested that the drift­ diffusion equation is physically clear and intuitive, and, therefore, can be effectively used to help teach concepts of spatial dispersion to beginning graduate students. Furthermore, the drift-diffusion equation leads to a simple treatment of charge screening, which is important for fundamental understanding, and for the electromagnetics of nanostructures.
Variable stars in the field of the old open cluster NGC 2243

We report results of photometric monitoring of the NGC 2243 eld in V and I lters. Two W UMa- type systems and three detached eclipsing binaries were discovered. Both contact systems are likely members of the cluster. One of the detached binaries { variable V1 {h as a period P=1.188 day. This variable is located at the cluster's turno in the color-magnitude diagram. Determination of parameters for components of V1 can provide direct information about properties of turno stars in NGC 2243 as well as to allow direct determination of cluster's distance. A background RR Lyr variable was found in the monitored eld. The reddening of NGC 2243 is estimated at E(V I )= 0 :10 0: 04 based on the V Icolor exhibited by this star at minimum light. The observed distribution of colors for the background halo stars shows a cuto at (V I) 0:60 what implies E(V I) 0:12 for the cluster.
On the evolution of maximum turbulent kinetic energy production in a channel flow

The Reynolds number effects on turbulent kinetic energy production and mean transport terms in near-wall turbulent channel flow are investigated analytically and with the help of direct numerical simulations (DNS). Using the momentum equation for turbulent channel flow, an analytical expression for the envelope of turbulent kinetic energy production curves is derived. It is shown that this envelope coincides with the wall-normal position at which the turbulent and viscous shear stress are equal. The DNS results carried out corroborate this finding and assess other quantitative details, namely the evolution of the peak of kinetic energy production and of its wall-normal position in terms of the Reynolds number. Empirical relations for the envelopes of the mean momentum transport terms and for their extrema position are also derived.
THE NATURE OF E AND S0 GALAXIES - A STUDY OF A MAGNITUDE-LIMITED SAMPLE OF GALAXIES IN THE COMA CLUSTER

Differences and similarities of E and SO galaxies have been investigated on basis of new CCD surface photometry in Gunn r for 171 galaxies within the central square degree of the Coma Cluster; 146 of the galaxies are classified as E or SO. The galaxies form a magnitude-limited sample with Gunn r less-than-or-equal-to 15.3 mag. Together with the sample of Virgo galaxies compiled by Caon et al. (1993), this sample is one of the first volume-limited samples. The isophotal shapes of the galaxies have been studied in terms of ellipticity, c4 and c6. The sample is deficit of apparently round SO galaxies. The distribution of the apparent ellipticities for the SO galaxies cannot be fitted satisfactorily with any simple distribution of the intrinsic ellipticities. This suggests that face-on SO galaxies have been classified as ellipticals. It is shown that the ellipticity-c4 diagram can be used for determination of relative disk luminosities, L(D)/L(tot). The distribution of L(D)/L(tot) for galaxies fainter than M(BT) = -22 mag is very broad (H-0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc-1 is used). The distribution is best fitted by a model where 10% of the galaxies are diskless and 90% of the galaxies are drawn from a distribution which is uniform from zero to one. This model also predicts distributions of apparent ellipticities, c4, and inclinations which are in agreement with the data. E galaxies brighter than M(BT) = -22 mag do not show any evidence of disks and may form another class. The sample contains no SO galaxies brighter than M(BT) = -22 mag. Our analysis implies that the E and SO galaxies fainter than M(BT) = -22 mag form one class of galaxies with a continuous change in L(D)/L(tot). Face-on members of this class are mostly classified as E galaxies while more edge-on members are classified as SO galaxies. Further, it is found that only 12% of all the galaxies in the sample are truly diskless systems. The diskless systems contribute almost-equal-to 30% to the total luminosity of the sample, most of this originates from the six brightest galaxies. It is estimated that almost-equal-to 60% of the total luminosity of the sample originates from bulges.
An evaluation of denoising algorithms for 3D face recognition

Although 3D face imaging is increasingly popular, many 3D facial imaging systems have significant noise components which needs to be reduced by post-processing if meaningful recognition results are desired. For best results, the denoising algorithm must be chosen appropriately, using the noise distribution, and its parameters tuned. In this paper, a thorough analysis on the influence of different denoising techniques on the performance of various holistic 3D face recognition techniques is provided. After resampling and denoising the input data, the face is cropped, aligned and normalised. This results in the feature space which is split into two sets: gallery and query. Recognition ranks are then computed on the feature space for different denoising algorithms. Result show that, despite its simplicity, the median filter produces the best results. However, its best results are achieved using a mask size much larger than is commonly used in 3D facial denoising. For all techniques, results show that denoising can be applied using parameters significantly higher than those traditionally used as this improves the recognition performance.
Real Submanifolds in Complex Space and Their Mappings

PrefaceCh. IHypersurfaces and Generic Submanifolds in C[superscript N]3Ch. IIAbstract and Embedded CR Structures35Ch. IIIVector Fields: Commutators, Orbits, and Homogeneity62Ch. IVCoordinates for Generic Submanifolds94Ch. VRings of Power Series and Polynomial Equations119Ch. VIGeometry of Analytic Discs156Ch. VIIBoundary Values of Holomorphic Functions in Wedges184Ch. VIIIHolomorphic Extension of CR Functions205Ch. IXHolomorphic Extension of Mappings of Hypersurfaces241Ch. XSegre Sets281Ch. XINondegeneracy Conditions for Manifolds315Ch. XIIHolomorphic Mappings of Submanifolds349Ch. XIIIMappings of Real-algebraic Subvarieties379References390Index401
A new method of observing magnetic domains by scanning electron microscopy I. Theory of the image contrast

A theory is developed to explain the magnetic domain contrast observed by scanning electron microscopy using the method reported recently [4, 5]. The theory is based on a model which assumes that the contrast is due to the Lorentz deflection of the incident electrons inside the specimen. Using this model, the dependence of the image contrast on various experimental parameters was calculated analytically. The model was confirmed by means of calculations carried out by computer simulation of electron trajectories (Monte Carlo techniques). The theory accounts satisfactorily for previous experimental results. A more detailed comparison of the theory with experimental results will be published in a subsequent paper. Eine Theorie zur Erklarung des durch eine kurzlich beschriebene Methode [4, 5] im Rasterelektronenmikroskop beobachteten magnetischen Domanenkontrasts wurde entwickelt. Die Theorie ist auf ein Modell aufgebaut, in dem angenommen wird, das der Kontrast von der Lorentzablenkung der eingestrahlten Elektronen in der Probe stammt. Die Abhangigkeit des Bildkontrasts von verschiedenen experimentellen Parametern wurde nach dem Modell analytisch berechnet und die Ergebnisse mit den Rechnungen fur Computer-simulierte Elektronenbahnen verglichen. Die Theorie stimmt weitgehend mit den experimentelen Ergebnissen uberein; Einzelheiten werden in einer spateren Arbeit veroffentlicht.
RADIATION IMPEDANCE OF TUBES WITH DIFFERENT FLANGES: NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS

End corrections for open-ended cylindrical tubes are determined theoretically and experimentally. For the zero and low frequencies, the wave equation is solved numerically by using a finite difference method. For higher frequencies the complex radiation impedance is measured and for circular flanges, calculated with the boundary element method. For low frequencies the BEM links up with the FDM and for higher frequencies fits with experimental results. Various flanges found in particular in musical instruments are considered: circular flanges of various sizes, spherical and cylindrical flanges, square flanges, the normalised flange (used for loudspeaker testing), short flaring horns and a disk at a certain distance above the open end. Analytical fit formulas are proposed for each case.
Neural Volterra filter for chaotic time series prediction

A new second-order neural Volterra filter (SONVF) with conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm is proposed to predict chaotic time series based on phase space delay-coordinate reconstruction of chaotic dynamics system in this paper, where the neuron activation functions are introduced to constraint Volterra series terms for improving the nonlinear approximation of second-order Volterra filter (SOVF). The SONVF with CG algorithm improves the accuracy of prediction without increasing the computation complexity. Meanwhile, the difficulty of neuron number determination does not exist here. Experimental results show that the proposed filter can predict chaotic time series effectively and one-step and multi-step prediction performances are obviously superior to those of SOVF, which demonstrate that the proposed SONVF is feasible and effective.
Gut Microbiota Changes during Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

The gut microbiota is involved in the development of the immune system and can modulate the risk for immune-mediated disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Dysbiosis has been demonstrated in MS patients and its restoration by disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) is hypothesized. We aimed to study the changes in gut microbiota composition during the first 6 months of treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an oral DMT, and to identify the microorganisms associated with DMF side effects. We collected and analyzed the gut microbiota of 19 MS patients at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months of DMF treatment. We then cross-sectionally compared gut microbiota composition according to the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and flushing. Overall, the gut microbiota biodiversity showed no changes over the 6-month follow-up. At the genus level, DMF was associated with decreased Clostridium abundance after 6 months. In subjects reporting side effects, a higher abundance of Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Clostridium, Lachnospira, Blautia, Subdoligranulum, and Tenericutes and lower of Bacteroidetes, Barnesiella, Odoribacter, Akkermansia, and some Proteobacteria families were detected. Our results suggest that gut microbiota may be involved in therapeutic action and side effects of DMF, representing a potential target for improving disease course and DMT tolerability.
Tearing instability in an anisotropic neutral sheet

A study is made of the collisionless tearing‐mode stability properties of a neutral sheet whose temperature distribution is anisotropic. A kinetic description is used for both ions and electrons. The wave vector k of the perturbation is taken to be parallel to the equilibrium magnetic field B0 and perpendicular to the equilibrium current J0. The analysis is carried out for the low‐frequency perturbation (‖ω‖≪ωci). It is found that the conventional technique of matching the inner and outer asymptotic solutions at the electron inner region (two‐region approximation), thus neglecting the axis‐crossing ion orbits outside the electron inner region, is inadequate for the anisotropic case. An intermediate region in which the axis‐crossing ion orbits make the dominant contribution is identified. The eigenvalue equation is solved using both analytic approximations and numerical methods to obtain the eigenmode structure and the linear dispersion relation. Specializing primarily to anisotropic ions with isotropic or.
Impact of Immune-Related Adverse Events on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Treated Cancer Patients’ Survival: Single Center Experience and Literature Review

Simple Summary The widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) came along with a new challenge for oncologists, immune-related adverse events (irAE). A positive correlation between irAE onset and ICI efficacy has been suggested. However, it remains unsettled. Whether the association exists and if it is affected by cancer type or ethnicity needs further investigation. This study provides additional evidence to support this association by using a retrospective, single-center cohort design to analyze survival outcomes and the development of irAEs of 155 patients. Overall, the study offers new insights into the potential use of irAEs as biomarkers for response and survival in solid tumor patients receiving ICIs, and highlights the need for further research in this area. Abstract Immune-related adverse events have emerged as a new challenge and its correlation with survival remains unclear. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of irAE on survival outcomes in solid tumor patients receiving ICI treatment. This was a retrospective, single-center study at a university hospital involving patients with malignancy who received immune checkpoint inhibitors. Chart review was performed on each patient, noting any irAE, including new events or worsening of previous autoimmune condition after starting treatment with ICI. A total of 155 patients were included, 118 (76.1%) were male, with median age of 64 years. Median follow up time was 36 months. Seventy patients (45.2%) had at least one irAE. Of all irAE, nine (8.1%) were classified as grade 3 or higher according to the CTCAE version 5.0. There was one death secondary to pneumonitis. Median ICI cycles until first irAE onset was 4 (range: 2–99). The objective response rate was higher for patients who developed irAE (18.7% vs. 9.0%; p = 0.001), as was median overall survival (18 months (95% CI, 8.67–27.32) vs. 10 (95% CI, 3.48–16.52) months; p < 0.016) and progression free survival (10 months (95% CI, 5.44–14.56) vs. 3 months (95% CI, 1.94–4.05); p = 0.000). The risk of death in patients with irAE was 33% lower when compared to patients without such events (hazard ratio (HR): 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46–0.99; p = 0.043). Development of irAE predicted better outcomes, including OS in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with ICI. Further prospective studies are needed to explore and validate this prognostic value.
A note on the largest regular subalgebra of a Banach algebra

A simple proof of Albrecht's result on the existence of the largest closed regular subalgebra of a semisimple commutative Banach algebra is given. Albrecht [1] proved that any semisimple commutative Banach algebra with identity has the largest closed regular subalgebra, using the theory of decomposable operators. In this short note, we give a simple proof of Albrecht's result without the assumption of semisimplicity. Our proof is quite different from Albrecht's, and based on the consideration of the hull-kernel topology of the carrier space of the given Banach algebra. Theorem. If A is a commutative Banach algebra with identity, then there exists a closed regular subalgebra of A which contains all closed regular subalgebras of A. Our proof is essentially based on the following Lemma. Let X be a commutative Banach algebra with identity and B a Banach subalgebra of X. If B is regular, then for any b E B the Gelfand transform of b as an element of X is continuous on the carrier space Ox of X in the hull-kernel topology. Proof. We can assume without loss of generality that B contains the identity of X. Then it is sufficient to show that the restriction map 0: Ox DB; (0 -* 0 IB is continuous in the hull-kernel topology. To do this let F be a closed subset of 1DB in the hull-kernel topology. Then { o E ODx: (0I ker F = O} = 0I(F) . Also since kerF c ker 06 I(F), it follows that hul(ker 0I(F)) C {p E (Dx: Iker F = O}. Therefore 0(F) is closed in the hull-kernel topology. In other words, 0 is continuous in this topology. El Proof of Theorem. Let reg(A) be the closed subalgebra of A generated by the class of all closed regular subalgebras of A. It is sufficient to show that reg(A) is regular. Note that reg(A) is a commutative Banach algebra with identity. If Received by the editors November 29, 1989. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 46H05.
Genes Encoding Structurally Conserved Serpins in the Wheat Genome: Identification and Expression Profiles during Plant Development and Abiotic and Biotic Stress

Serpins constitute a family of proteins with a very wide distribution in nature. Serpins have a well-conserved tertiary structure enabling irreversible protease inhibition or other specific biochemical functions. We examined the 189 putative wheat serpin genes previously identified by Benbow et al. (2019) via analysis of gene annotations (RefSeq v1.0) and combined our previous examinations of wheat ESTs and the 454 genome assembly. We found that 81 of the 189 putative serpin genes, plus two manually annotated genes, encode full-length, structurally conserved serpins. Expression of these serpin genes during wheat development and disease/abiotic stress responses was analysed using a publicly available RNAseq database. Results showed that the wheat LR serpins, homologous to Arabidopsis AtSerpin1 and barley BSZx, are ubiquitously expressed across all tissues throughout the wheat lifecycle, whereas the expression of other wheat serpin genes is tissue-specific, including expression only in the grain, only in the root, and only in the anther and microspore. Nine serpin genes were upregulated in both biotic and abiotic responses. Two genes in particular were highly expressed during disease and abiotic challenges. Our findings provide valuable information for further functional study of the wheat serpins, which in turn may lead to their application as molecular markers in wheat breeding.
Negative-tone imaging with EUV exposure for 14nm hp and beyond

Manipulation of dissolution properties by changing organic solvent developer and rinse material provides a novel technology to obtain fine pattern beyond the limitation of imaging system based on alkaline developer. QCM study showed no swelling character in negative-tone imaging (NTI) process even for current developer of n-butyl acetate (nBA). Actually, NTI process has shown advantages on resolution and line-width roughness (LWR) in loose pitch around 30 ~ 45 nm hp as a consequence of its non-swelling character. On the other hand, bridge and collapse limited its resolution below 20 nm hp, indicating that non-negligible amount of swelling still exists for tight pitch resolution. We investigated effects of solubility parameter of organic solvents on resolution below 20 nm hp. A bridge was reduced with a decrease in the solubility parameter dp from nBA. On the other hand, much lower dp caused film remaining due to its extremely slow Rmax. Based on these results, we newly developed FN-DP301 containing organic solvent with smaller dp than nBA. Although rinse solvent gave negligible effects on bridge, there is a clear improvement on pattern collapse only in case of using new rinse solvent of FN-RP311. Lithographic performances of NTI process using nBA and FN-DP301 together with the other organic solvents were described in this paper under exposures with an E-beam and a EUV light. It is emphasized that 14 nm hp resolution was obtained only using FN-DP301 as a developer and FN-RP311 as a rinse under E-beam exposure. NTI showed 43% faster photospeed in comparison with PTI at 16 nm hp, indicating that NTI is applicable to obtain high throughput with maintaining resolution. In addition, sub-20 nm trench was obtained using NTI without bridge under EUV exposure, all of which are attributed to the low swelling character of NTI process. Similarly, NTI was able to print 20 nm dots using NXE:3100 with only a little peeling. Conversely CH patterning was significantly worse with NTI compared to PTI, that is, only 36 nm contacts with 60 nm pitch was resolved under EUV exposure.
MICROSTRUCTURING OF SILICON WITH FEMTOSECOND LASER PULSES

We report that silicon surfaces develop an array of sharp conical spikes when irradiated with 500 laser pulses of 100-fs duration, 10-kJ/m2 fluence in 500-Torr SF6 or Cl2. The spikes are up to 40-μm tall, and taper to about 1-μm diam at the tip. Irradiation of silicon surfaces in N2, Ne, or vacuum creates structured surfaces, but does not create sharp conical spikes.
Phase noise in semiconductor lasers: A theoretical approach

Noise phenomena in semiconductor lasers have been extensively studied from an experimental point of view because of their importance in designing optical communication systems. Recently, a semiclassical theory of laser noise has been presented [1]. In this paper, following a different and simpler approach, we obtain analytical expressions for the intensity and phase noise power spectra which agree with experimental results.