Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Khat Consumption on Oral Health: Study Carried Out in Djibouti City

Introduction: The purpose of the present investigation is to determine the oral effects of regular khat consumption in Djibouti by placing risk factors and symptoms related to consumption as a contribution to the ongoing scientific discourse. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out on 129 patients consulting in a health center affiliated to the CNSS, located in the capital of the Republic of Djibouti, Djibouti-City from August to October 2017. The support of the survey is a questionnaire including an interview and a clinical examination. The subjects are divided into regular khat consumers (CK) and non-khat consumers (NCK). Results: Our sample is divided into 48.1% CK and 51.9% NCK. 80.7% of CK and 38.8% of NCK are male. 58.1% of CK and 88.1% of NCKs report a frequency greater than or equal to 2 brushings / day. 62.9% of CK and 4.5% of NCK are tobacco users (CT). 77.4% of CK and 20.9% of NCK are consumers of sweetened beverages. 62.9% of CK and 16.4% of NCKs report symptoms of dry mouth. 38.7% of CK and 16.4% of NCK suffer from TMJ pain. 32.3% of CK and 14.9% of NCK complain of changes in taste perception. 29% of CK and 4.5% of NCK have burning sensations in the tongue or other parts of the oral cavity. 24.2% of CK and 7.5% of NCK report loss of prosthetic restorations and / or strides. The plate indices of CK and NCK are 1.6 (+/- 0.13) and 1.4 (+/- 0.13), respectively. The gingival indices of CK and NCK are respectively 1.64 (+/- 0.13) and 1.57 (+/- 0.09). 24.2% of CK and 1.5% of NCK have whitish lesions of leucoplastic appearance. 79% of CKs and 23.9% of NCKs have recessions. 22.6% of CKs and 6% of NCKs suffer from spoiled restorations. 24.2% of CK and 9% of NCK suffer loss of fixed prosthetic restorations. Discussion: Similar to studies in Yemen and Israel, there is a slight predominance of NCKs in our sample. The consumption of khat is also significantly associated with the male sex. A number of articular, mucosal and dental symptoms are significantly associated with khat consumption. Ethiopian, Yemeni and Israeli studies are in agreement with our results. In agreement with a Yemeni study but in contradiction with a Kenyan study, there is a significant association between khat consumption, poor oral hygiene and increased plaque index. Nevertheless, an association between khat consumption and gingival inflammation is not established. In agreement with Israeli and Yemeni studies, there is a significant association between khat consumption, whitish mucosal lesions of leucoplastic appearance and gingival recessions. Regular consumption of khat is also significantly associated with the loss of prosthetic and / or striated restorations. Our results are confirmed by a Saudi study. Conclusion: Regular consumption of khat is significantly associated with a number of oral disorders. Future prevention campaigns should focus on the male population and the concomitant use of tobacco.
egWebsite : Assessment of Biodiversity Among Some Sesame Genotypes Using ISSR and Srap Markers [ 81 ]

Biodiversity among 32 sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes; 30 accessions were obtained from various regions of Egypt and two local cultivars were assessed agronomically using different morphometric and yield-related traits. Significant variations were observed for all these traits such as plant height, plant weight, No. of pods, pod weight and oil percentage. The variation between highest and lowest genotype in plant height was almost 50%, as genotype V32 recorded the highest plant height (220 cm), whereas genotype V19 was the shortest one (100 cm). Plant weight ranged from 802.2 to 99.5 g in V6 and V16, respectively. Pod weight varied from 202.6 to 32.2 g in V4 and V15, respectively. No. of pods ranged from 75.7 to 10.3 in V5 and V17, respectively, while oil percent varied from 60% to 40.5% in V11 and V3, respectively. Using morphometric characteristics, the genotypes were grouped into two main clusters with high variation among them. Fifteen out of the 32 genotypes were chosen and subjected to ISSR and SRAP analyses to detect the level of genetic diversity in relation to geographical origins using 11 ISSR and 7 SRAP primers. ISSR primers generated 46 amplified bands. Four out of these primers were resulted in 5 unique markers among the 15 sesame genotypes. Molecular characterization revealed a polymorphism percentage of 46.66% for ISSR markers, while SRAP primers exhibited a total of 22 bands and one out of these primers revealed 3 unique genotype specific marker polymorphism was calculated as 50%. The cluster analysis showed a high genetic diversity among the sesame genotypes and their diversity was consistent with their source pedigrees. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) were closely aligned with those of the cluster analysis. Considering the relatedness of genotypes, geographical origin and their morphological characteristics reflected to the similarity of ISSR and SRAP patterns.
Genetic divergences seed quality parameters in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]

Genetic divergence analysis in 65 genotypes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. ] by applying Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics indicated the presence of wider genetic diversity among the materials for 8 characters. The genotypes were grouped into nine clusters by Tocher’s method. Cluster IV was the largest group comparing with 15 genotypes, whereas cluster III and V was the second largest group consisting 10 genotypes followed in order by cluster VI and VII (8 genotypes), cluster II and VIII (5 genotypes), cluster IX (4 genotypes) and cluster I (2 genotypes). The highest intra-cluster distance was observed for cluster III (0.22). The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster VI and IV (2.22). The maximum contribution to divergence was from seedling dry weight (44.71%) followed by speed of germination (30.1%), germination (8.85%), shoot length (5.67%), vigour index-I (3.66%), vigour index-ii (3.08), root length (2.02%) and seedling length (1.92). these findings could be utilized in breeding high quality seed parameters in Indian mustard.
Rare Cases of Haemoglobin Variant Presented with Isolated Erythrocytosis

Haemoglobinopathies presenting with erythrocytosis is relatively rare. The clinicians might mistakenly diagnose such patients with other causes of erythrocytosis such as myeloproliferative neoplasm, etc instead of haemoglobinopathies. Here, we described two cases of haemoglobin variant, namely Haemoglobin Johnstown (Hb Johnstown) and Haemoglobin Bethesda (Hb Besthesda) that were detected following various futile investigations for persistent erythrocytosis. For both cases, the two main screening methods used were capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Approximately 30% of the high affinity haemoglobin (Hb) are not detected by electrophoresis method, however, in some cases, a variant Hb peak can be seen in chromatography method. Thus, a high index of suspicion of such diagnosis is utmost important as to not to miss the definitive diagnostic test by DNA analysis.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Luffa Cylindrica Particulates Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composite

The motive of this study is to lessen the dependence on non-degradable plastic by developing alternative material; luffa cylindrica particulates (LCP) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites using the available plastic processing machineries.For that reason, this study focuses on the development of PLA/LCP biocomposite using compression moldingand also investigated the effect of varying the LCP weight fraction and surface treatment on the density and the mechanical properties of the developed composites. The LCP were treated with 5 wt% NaOH solution. Two batches of composites were produced using treated LCP and untreated LCP. Composites were fabricated with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt% LCP for both the treated and untreated LCP using compression molding. Characterization of the composite was made based on the evaluation of its density, tensile properties, flexural properties, impact strength and hardness. The results showed that the densities of the treated composites were slightly lower than those of the untreated. The composite with treated LCP showed desirable properties at 10, 30 and 40 wt% LCP while the composites with the untreated LCP gave better results at 20 wt% LCP. Though these properties compared favorably with some reported properties for the natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, the use of other types of surface treatment for the LCP should be studied and also the effect of varying the wt% of NaOH solution be further investigated.
The Effectiveness of the Cooperative Problem-Based Learning Model in Learning Statics in Vocational Education

Article History: Received: 10 November 2020; Revised: 12 January 2021; Accepted: 27 January 2021; Published online: 05 April 2021 Abstract: This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Cooperative Problem-Based Learning (CPBL) Model in Learning Statics. The experimental class's research method was experimental, in which the experimental class was applied with the CPBL model, and the control class was applied with conventional models. A simple random sample carried out sampling for the experimental group and the control group. The instrument used was the learning outcomes test. The findings show that the experimental group's student learning outcomes are better than those of the control group. Thus, there is an increase in learning outcomes, and student effective results on the CPBL model in statics learning are in a very good category. It is concluded that the application of the CPBL model is more effective than conventional learning.
Valuing Changes in New Zealand Marginal Land: Water Quality, Carbon, and Afforestation

With its varied landscape of hills and mountains, New Zealand has an abundance of marginal land on its slopes. This land is currently used in a variety of enterprises, such as pasture and farm land. However, marginal land is typically associated with higher rates of erosion, shallow topsoil, expensive fencing, and other issues like livestock deaths from falls. There is currently interest in deploying these marginal lands to different uses to align with several environmental and production related goals. This paper contributes to the discussion on marginal land by exploring three different scenarios related to afforestation in the Manawatu area. To analyse these scenarios we bring together several complex and spatially explicit datasets, which are linked using economic modelling tools and benefits transfer. The thin local literature and preference for local studies produce several methodological challenges familiar to smaller countries. We illuminate several tradeoffs in a large valuation exercise, in particular between current advances in international and local studies.
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Teaching Hospital Campus Of Lome ( Togo )

BACKGROUND: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding are common, and the underlying diseases varies widely. Colonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for lower gastrointestinal bleeding. It helps in the proper diagnosis and the appropriate management of the underlying lesions. AIM: To determine the epidemiologic characteristics and to investigate the etiology of lower gastrointestinal in a large tertiary endoscopic center. METHODS: A colonoscopy database in a tertiary endoscopic center was searched to determine all patients with the indication of LGIB. The data, including patients’ sex, age, endoscopic and pathological findings, were collected and analyzed. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive statistics used included frequency tables, REVIEW Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Teaching Hospital Campus Of Lome (Togo) Aklesso Bagny, Late Mawuli Lawson-Ananissoh, Lidawu Roland-Moise Kogoe, Debehoma Redah, Laconi Yeba Kaaga 3441 Journal of GHR 2021 February 21; 10(1): 3441-3444 ISSN 2224-3992 (print) ISSN 2224-6509 (online) Online Submissions: http: //www.ghrnet. org/index. /joghr/ doi: 10.17554/j.issn. 2224-3992.2021. 10.999 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research reported (respectively; 41.2% and 35.3%). The tumors were colorectal cancer type and were predominant in patients with an mean age of 61 ± 14 years. In twenty-six point seven percent of cases it was rectal cancer and in most cases (73.3%) colon cancer. Patients with a polyp had a mean age of 56.5 ± 12 years. Over half of patients (71.4%) had the polyps at the rectosigmoid region of the colon, while 14.3% had the polyps located proximal to sigmoid colon. Colitis was represented in 30.7% of cases by ulcerative colitis, mainly in patients with a mean age of 47 ± 14 years.
Profiling Disabled People as Unrealised Potentially Lucrative Tourism Market Segment in South Africa

The study aimed at (profiling) determining sampled individuals with impairments’ likelihood to participate in tourism. The quantitative-descriptive approach used online forum/group discussions as augmented by questionnaire survey which was conducted from August 2018 to March 2019. The study fostered a theoretical view as intending to give background information using academic journal articles and books. The study snowballed a total of 372 participants. The results from the demographic profiling were skewed towards the idea that access-need market (individuals with temporary and permanent impairments) as unrealised and untapped potential lucrative tourism business. The study concluded socio-demographic information may enhance further exploration into the access-needs tourism market in South Africa. This is because, the lack of such information poses development, management and marketing challenges when it comes to accessible tourism. To this effect, tourism service providers are challenged to consider the needs of this largely unserved market, through planning towards strategic preparatory approaches which may enhance channelling the potential into tourism business. The value of the study is centred on self-representation of persons with impairments, which addresses a major gap in literature, in that it focuses on individuals with impairments as an untapped tourism market segment in South Africa.
Permeability of Parkia gigantocarpa as Affected by Wood Anatomy

This study evaluated Parkia gigantocarpa wood from the Amazon rainforest for its permeability to air and liquid in the longitudinal direction. The influence of anatomical characteristics on the permeability of wood was characterized. Three trees were collected in the State of Para, Brazil. Samples were converted into specimens and subjected to permeability tests and anatomical characterization. Permeability was obtained in the laboratory, and the results were compared with the permeability data estimated by a longitudinal flow model for hardwoods. The air permeability of wood was 140.2 x 10-9 m3. [m. (N.m-2). s]-1 liquid permeability was 3.28 x 10-9 m3. [m. (N.m-2). s]-1. The fiber length and thickness of the cell wall had a direct and positive relationship with the permeability, whereas fiber width presented an inverse relationship with permeability. The vessel frequency and diameter did not influence the permeability of wood from the heartwood of P. gigantocarpa that presented high permeability and potential for easy wood drying and treatment.
New insight into InSb-based thermoelectric materials: from a divorced eutectic design to a remarkably high thermoelectric performance

As a promising mid-temperature thermoelectric (TE) material, the main obstacle to a high TE performance of the InSb compound is its high thermal conductivity. In this article, a new strategy of eutectic melting has been employed to improve the TE properties of the compound for the first time. By addition of excess Sb into the InSb matrix, an InSb–Sb eutectic structure has been introduced. When the temperature is above the melting point of the eutectic mixture, the InSb–Sb eutectic melts into a liquid phase which inhibits the propagation of transverse acoustic phonons, and the thermal conductivity is reduced drastically. Therefore, the thermoelectric performance is remarkably enhanced after the melting of the eutectic, and an unprecedented high ZT of 1.28@773 K has been achieved for the InSb1.04 sample, which is almost 3 times higher than that of the eutectic-free InSb matrix. Moreover, the Vickers hardness of the eutectic included InSb compound is higher than those of many well-established mid-temperature TE materials, and no evident hardness degradation can be detected after several melting–solidification cycles of the eutectic.
Preparation of Porous Carbon-Manganese Dioxide Nanocomposite as a Supercapacitor Electrode

Activated porous carbons were prepared from paulownia flower by carbonization and subsequent alkali activation. Then MnO2-AC3 composite was synthesized by the electrochemical deposition of manganese oxide nanostructures on the surface of as-prepared activated porous carbons. The MnO2AC3 electrode demonstrates outstanding capacitive behavior with low charge transfer resistance owing to the double layer charge storage and unique pore structure (coexistence of micropores, mesopores and macropores) of activated porous carbons. The stability of MnO2-AC3 electrode was affirmed by 1000 successive charge/discharge cycles. The remarkable capacitive behavior and excellent stability make MnO2-AC3 promising material with potential application in supercapacitor.
Extracting classical Lyapunov exponent from one-dimensional quantum mechanics

The commutator [ x ( t ) , p ] in an inverted harmonic oscillator (IHO) in one-dimensional quantum mechanics exhibits remarkable properties. It reduces to a c-number and does not show any quantum ﬂuctuations for arbitrary states. Related to this nature, the quantum Lyapunov exponent computed through the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) (cid:104) [ x ( t ) , p ] 2 (cid:105) precisely agrees with the classical one. Hence, the OTOC may be regarded as an ideal indicator of the butterﬂy eﬀect in the IHO. Since IHOs are ubiquitous in physics, these properties of the commutator [ x ( t ) , p ] and the OTOCs might be seen in various situations, too. In order to clarify this point, as a ﬁrst step, we investigate OTOCs in one-dimensional quantum mechanics with polynomial potentials, which exhibit butterﬂy eﬀects around the peak of the potential in classical mechanics. We ﬁnd two situations in which the OTOCs show exponential growth reproducing the classical Lyapunov exponent of the peak. The ﬁrst one, which is obvious, is using a suitably localized wave packet near the peak, and the second one is taking a limit akin to the large- N limit in the noncritical string theories.
A Review of Autonomous Road Vehicle Integrated Approaches to an Emergency Obstacle Avoidance Maneuver

As passenger vehicle technologies have advanced, so have their capabilities to avoid obstacles, especially with developments in tires, suspensions, steering, as well as safety technologies like ABS, ESC, and more recently, ADAS systems. However, environments around passenger vehicles have also become more complex, and dangerous. There have previously been studies that outline driver tendencies and performance capabilities when attempting to avoid obstacles while driving passenger vehicles. Now that autonomous vehicles are being developed with obstacle avoidance capabilities, it is important to target performance that meets or exceeds that of human drivers. This manuscript highlights systems that are crucial for an emergency obstacle avoidance maneuver (EOAM) and identifies the state-of-the-art for each of the related systems, while considering the nuances of traveling at highway speeds. Some of the primary EOAM-related systems/areas that are discussed in this review are: general path planning methods, system hierarchies, decision-making, trajectory generation, and trajectory-tracking control methods. After concluding remarks, suggestions for future work which could lead to an ideal EOAM development, are discussed.
Extragalactic Magnetism with SOFIA (Legacy Program). I. The Magnetic Field in the Multiphase Interstellar Medium of M51

The recent availability of high-resolution far-infrared (FIR) polarization observations of galaxies using HAWC+/SOFIA has facilitated studies of extragalactic magnetic fields in the cold and dense molecular disks. We investigate whether any significant structural differences are detectable in the kiloparsec-scale magnetic field of the grand design face-on spiral galaxy M51 when traced within the diffuse (radio) and the dense and cold (FIR) interstellar medium (ISM). Our analysis reveals a complex scenario where radio and FIR polarization observations do not necessarily trace the same magnetic field structure. We find that the magnetic field in the arms is wrapped tighter at 154 μm than at 3 and 6 cm; statistically significant lower values for the magnetic pitch angle are measured at FIR in the outskirts (R ≥ 7 kpc) of the galaxy. This difference is not detected in the interarm region. We find strong correlations of the polarization fraction and total intensity at FIR and radio with the gas column density and 12CO(1–0) velocity dispersion. We conclude that the arms show a relative increase of small-scale turbulent B-fields at regions with increasing column density and dispersion velocities of the molecular gas. No correlations are found with H i neutral gas. The star formation rate shows a clear correlation with the radio polarized intensity, which is not found in FIR, pointing to a small-scale dynamo-driven B-field amplification scenario. This work shows that multiwavelength polarization observations are key to disentangling the interlocked relation between star formation, magnetic fields, and gas kinematics in the multiphase ISM.
Balancing Robustness and Sensitivity using Feature Contrastive Learning

It is generally believed that robust training of extremely large networks is critical to their success in real-world applications. However, when taken to the extreme, methods that promote robustness can hurt the model's sensitivity to rare or underrepresented patterns. In this paper, we discuss this trade-off between sensitivity and robustness to natural (non-adversarial) perturbations by introducing two notions: contextual feature utility and contextual feature sensitivity. We propose Feature Contrastive Learning (FCL) that encourages a model to be more sensitive to the features that have higher contextual utility. Empirical results demonstrate that models trained with FCL achieve a better balance of robustness and sensitivity, leading to improved generalization in the presence of noise on both vision and NLP datasets.