Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suicidal Ideation in University Students: Prevalence and Association With School and Gender

Suicidal ideation is often an indicator of mental health problems and a major risk factor for suicide. This study aims to present the prevalence of suicidal ideation and compare students of a Portuguese university by school and gender. A total of 366 individuals from four schools completed the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (cut-off point ≥ 41 is significant) and specific questions about lifetime and past week suicidal ideation. Frequency analysis and chi-square tests were performed. The lifetime, past year and past week prevalence of suicidal ideation was 12.6%, 10.7% and 10.7%, respectively. A higher percentage of suicidal ideators were attending the School of Human and Social Sciences, and were of the female gender. However, these variables are not significantly associated with suicidal ideation. The results obtained emphasize the need for more research and the importance of taking special precautions to help students to deal with their personal and professional contingency challenges.
Conservation of biodiversity in sacred natural sites in Asia and Africa: a review of the scientific literature

Sacred natural sites are frequently better protected than many officially protected areas, but an overall understanding of their role in conservation strategies is lacking. Over the last few years, scientists have assembled quantitative data from sacred natural sites, comparing their biodiversity values with those of the surroundings, officially protected areas and other management approaches such as forest reserves. This chapter draws on information from over a hundred studies throughout Africa and Asia, which provides concrete evidence that many sacred natural sites have great importance to biodiversity conservation, in addition to their spiritual value to one or more faith groups. Sacred natural sites appear to be extremely common in some countries, although much remains to be learned about their global extent, as research reported in the scientific literature tends to be focused on a few countries. Sacred natural sites are often the only remaining patches of natural or semi-natural habitat in cultural landscapes (see Figure 2.1) and can contain rich biodiversity, sometimes exceeding nearby protected areas and forest reserves. However, a number of problems have been identified threatening the role of sacred natural sites in long term conservation strategies. They are often too small to support a full complement of expected species and many sites are suffering from increased anthropogenic pressure, in some cases exceeding the capacity of the ecosystem to maintain its integrity. Sacred natural sites are sometimes heavily modified or even planted; a proportion of these may nonetheless retain a rich complement of biodiversity at local level. Sacred natural sites are often recognized and used by local communities for their secular values, including medicinal plants, non timber forest products and other ecosystem services such as tourism or watershed protection. Unfortunately, many sacred natural sites are now under threat or have already disappeared in recent years. The pattern of loss has not been quantified but it is recognized to be increasing. Integration of sacred natural sites into conservation strategies can be complex but provides an important way of preserving these unique places and the biological and cultural values they represent. Where appropriate from social and conservation perspectives, the conservation of sacred natural sites should be included in national conservation plans.
Characteristics of the Interannual and Decadal Variability in a General Circulation Model of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean

Abstract A numerical simulation has been conducted using a general circulation model of the tropical Atlantic Ocean forced with observed monthly surface wind stress for 1964–87 and parameterized surface heat flux. The simulated sea surface temperature (SST) and upper-ocean heat content (HC) are used to examine the low-frequency variability in the ocean. A comparison with the SST observations shows that the model realistically simulates the major features of the decadal variability at the sea surface, such as the fluctuation of the SST dipole pattern (or the meridional gradient). It also produces interannual variations with timescales of two to three years. The simulated HC anomalies are used to examine the variations of the thermocline depth and the effects of ocean dynamics. A principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis is performed to distinguish the spatial structures of decadal and interannual variations. It is found that the interannual variations are associated with tropical oceanic waves, stimulat.
The effect of cultivation method on erosion in agricultural catchments: integrating AHP in GIS environments

The cultivation method used in agricultural catchments can have a great effect on erosion processes; as such, determining the effects on form and degree is crucial. One commonly held hypothesis is that a shift to minimum tillage methods should reduce the rate of erosion. Here, we examine the effect of cultivation methods and environmental conditions on soil erosion risks in field crops and orchards in an agricultural catchment in northern Israel. The examination was conducted using AHP (analytic hierarchy process) and GIS (geographic information system)‐based computer simulations. Field validation of the simulations was conducted during the 2009–2010 winter season. The spatially explicit data on cultivation method, combined with environmental and climatic data, yielded an explanation of most of the variation in erosion risks in the catchment (kappa =0·93). Of the 10 criteria examined, the cultivation method and slope were the two variables with the greatest effect on increased soil erosion. Furthermore, soil loss risks were reduced substantially as a result of substituting conventional tillage with reduced tillage; substituting reduced tillage with conservation tillage; and changing the tillage direction to perpendicular to the direction of the slope. These results are reasonable in light of the modifications that mechanical tools cause in the soil structure, as observed in the penetration depth and the aggregate stability measurements used in this study. Despite the difficulty in collecting spatially explicit data on cultivation methods, we believe that it is of utmost importance to use such data to study erosion risks in agricultural catchments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly specialized microbial diversity in hyper-arid polar desert

The McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica are a cold hyperarid polar desert that present extreme challenges to life. Here, we report a culture-independent survey of multidomain microbial biodiversity in McKelvey Valley, a pristine example of the coldest desert on Earth. We demonstrate that life has adapted to form highly-specialized communities in distinct lithic niches occurring concomitantly within this terrain. Endoliths and chasmoliths in sandstone displayed greatest diversity, whereas soil was relatively depauperate and lacked a significant photoautotrophic component, apart from isolated islands of hypolithic cyanobacterial colonization on quartz rocks in soil contact. Communities supported previously unreported polar bacteria and fungi, but archaea were absent from all niches. Lithic community structure did not vary significantly on a landscape scale and stochastic moisture input due to snowmelt resulted in increases in colonization frequency without significantly affecting diversity. The findings show that biodiversity near the cold-arid limit for life is more complex than previously appreciated, but communities lack variability probably due to the high selective pressures of this extreme environment.
Highly specialized microbial diversity in hyper-arid polar desert

The McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica are a cold hyperarid polar desert that present extreme challenges to life. Here, we report a culture-independent survey of multidomain microbial biodiversity in McKelvey Valley, a pristine example of the coldest desert on Earth. We demonstrate that life has adapted to form highly-specialized communities in distinct lithic niches occurring concomitantly within this terrain. Endoliths and chasmoliths in sandstone displayed greatest diversity, whereas soil was relatively depauperate and lacked a signiﬁcant photoautotrophic component, apart from isolated islands of hypolithic cyanobacterial colonization on quartz rocks in soil contact. Communities supported previously unreported polar bacteria and fungi, but archaea were absent from all niches. Lithic community structure did not vary signiﬁcantlyonalandscapescaleandstochasticmoistureinputdue to snowmelt resulted in increases in colonization frequency without signiﬁcantly affecting diversity. The ﬁndings show that biodiversity near the cold-arid limit for life is more complex than previously appreciated, but communities lack variability probably due to the high selective pressures of this extreme environment.
Evidence of Red-cockaded Woodpecker nestling displacement by southern flying squirrels

ABSTRACf. -Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) are unique among woodpeckers in that they excavate their roost and nest cavities entirely within living pines (Ligon 1970). A number of secondary cavity nesters and other vertebrates are dependent on Red-cockaded Woodpeckers for the cavities they create (Rudolph et al. 1990, Loeb 1993, LaBranche and Walters 1994, Conner et al. 1997). Harlow and Lennartz (1983), Rudolph eta! (1990), Loeb (1993), and Conner eta! 1996, 1997) showed that southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) in Texas and South Carolina were the most common occupants observed in the cavities other than Red-cockaded Woodpeckers and that these cavities were selected primarily on the basis of entrance size. While these studies showed that there is a propensity for squirrels to use unenlarged cavities, none have shown evidence of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers being killed by southern flying squirrels. Stabb eta! (1989) proposed that smaller birds may suffer mortality or disturbance from flying squirrels usurping the occupied cavities. Jackson (1978a), along with Hooper and Lennartz (1983), noted that southern flying squirrels have usurped Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities without killing the birds. We report an instance of two 12to 15day-old nestlings found dead at the base of the nest tree and 3 flying squirrels inside the nest cavity.
Protein Structure Determination Using Molecular Fragment Replacement and NMR Dipolar Couplings

Determination of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of a protein in solution from NMR data has relied primarily on the measurement of a large number of interproton distances (NOEs), supplemented by torsion angle restraints derived from J couplings and chemical shifts. 1 Recently developed methods for measurement of dipolar couplings 2 provide additional structural information which can be used to improve the accuracy of the NMRderived protein structure. 3 Here, we describe a novel approach for determining the backbone structure of a protein solely from dipolar couplings. The first stage of our method, which we refer to as molecular fragment replacement (MFR), is analogous to a method described by Kraulis and Jones for determining local fragment structures from NOE patterns 4 and also is similar to the commonly used database approach for fitting the main chain electron density of protein X-ray structures. 5 It also bears some similarity to a recently described approach for identifying the fold of a protein from its dipolar couplings by searching a database, 6
A dynamically reconfigurable ECG analog front-end with a 2.5 × data-dependent power reduction

This work addresses a fundamental drawback of conventional bio-signal acquisition interfaces by incorporating a reconfigurable analog front-end (AFE) that can be configured to always operate in an optimal power mode through digital assistance. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS, the AFE has tunable noise performance exhibiting an input-referred noise ranging from 1.90–2.91 µV while consuming 307–769 nW power from a 0.8 V supply. The low activity and quasi-periodicity of bio-signals are exploited using an LMS-based adaptive linear predictive filter for power reduction. An agile, on-the-fly dynamic noise-power reconfiguration strategy is used to achieve data-dependent power savings of 2.5× without compromising the system's anomaly detection capability or ability to extract pristine ECG features.
Observations of anomalous splitting and their interpretation in terms of aspherical structure

The problem of inverting for the aspherical structure of the earth is complicated by the nonlinear dependence of low-frequency seismic waveforms on aspherical structure. In an attempt to overcome this obstable, we report on the application of two complementary techniques. The first, a data space technique called singlet stripping, which linearly recombines seismic recordings to estimate singlet resonance functions, has been applied to 190 International Deployment of Accelerometers and Global Digital Seismographic Network recordings from five large events. More than 290 singlets from 34 low harmonic degree multiplets appear to have been resolved. A subset of these measurements has been compared with those produced from the second technique, a nonlinear regression, which iteratively estimates coefficients which are linear functionals of aspherical structure. Both techniques agree that most multiplets are normally split, with singlet frequency distributions insignificantly different from those predicted for a rotating, hydrostatic (RH) earth model. The main result of this paper is that both techniques also agree that approximately a third of the multiplets are anomalously split, some of which span frequency bands up to 2.5 times greater than predicted for an RH model. All of the anomalously split multiplets are SKS, PKP, or PKIKP equivalent. The observation of anomalously widely split multiplets is highly robust and provides compelling evidence for the existence of deep large-scale, nonhydrostatic aspherical structure. The inverse problem for the axisymmetric part of aspherical structure has been performed in the hope of illuminating anomalous splitting. Unless a large amount of structure in the core is included, we are unable to construct a smooth axisymmetric model which accurately predicts the splitting characteristics for the anomalous multiplets while simultaneously fitting the normally split multiplets. The location and nature of this core heterogeneity are unclear, but we find that a simple outer core structure is sufficient to give a reasonable fit to the data. There are good theoretical reasons for believing that such nonhydrostatic outer core structure is geophysically unreasonable, yet differential travel time data sensitive to core structure apparently require similar large scale heterogeneity in the core. Although this dilemma remains unresolved, spectral fitting techniques like the nonlinear regression can be applied to many more multiplets than considered here and it is not unreasonable to predict that reliable large scale aspherical models of the deep earth soon will become available.
Concepts in Crop Rotations

key areas in agricultural science, namely crop improvement, production, response to water, nutrients, and temperature, crop protection, agriculture and human health, and animal nutrition. The contributions by the authors include manipulation of the variables and genetic resources of inheritance of quantitative genes, crop rotation, soil water and nitrogen, and effect of temperature on flowering. The rest are protecting crops against insect pests and diseases, linking agriculture landscape to recreation by humans, and small ruminant nutrition. This book is a valuable addition to the existing knowledge and is especially intended for university students and all professionals in the field of agriculture.
Vertical and horizontal distributions of the aerosol number concentration and size distribution over the northern Indian Ocean

Airborne measurements of the aerosol number concentration and size distribution were conducted over the northern Indian Ocean during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) in February–March 1999. Vertical profiles of the aerosol number concentration demonstrate elevated concentrations of nucleation mode particles in a layer between 8 and 12.5 km altitude. By using a novel combination of back trajectory information and cloud top temperatures retrieved from satellite images, it is shown that these particles most likely originated from the outflow of large convective clouds. Accumulation mode particles observed at these altitudes show indications for cloud processing. The aerosol size distributions observed in the layer between 4 and 8 km altitude show characteristics of an aged aerosol. In this layer the accumulation mode particle number concentration presents a minimum, a low variability, and very few particles larger than 0.7 μm diameter. The aerosol in the marine boundary layer can be characterized by high number concentrations of submicron and accumulation mode particles, which gradually decrease with distance from the Indian subcontinent. The particle loss rate is equivalent to 10–16 cm−3 per hour. This decrease takes place over the whole size distribution and can therefore not be explained by coagulation, but is likely due to precipitation and entrainment of free tropospheric air.
Internal Mobility and International Migration in Albania

Using evidence from two recent data sources – the 2002 Albania Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) and the 2001 Population Census of Albania – the paper documents the phenomena of internal and external migration in Albania, a country that in the past decade has experienced dramatic changes as it makes its transition to a more open market economy. Albania is a country on the move, both internally and internationally. This mobility plays a key role in household-level strategies to cope with the economic hardship of transition and it is perhaps the single most important political, social, and economic phenomenon in post-communist Albania. The order of magnitude of the observed flows is astonishing. Almost one half of all Albanian households have had direct exposure to migration events, either through direct temporary migration of a household member or through their children living abroad. One out of two children who since 1990 no longer live with their parents is now living abroad, primarily in Greece and Italy. For obvious reasons, Greece also remains the preferred destination of temporary migrants, although – and despite the higher costs associated with it – the shares of Albanians temporarily migrating to Italy and Germany have increased substantially in recent years. The paper also provides a micro level analysis of the household’s migration decision. The role of household and community characteristics, including relative deprivation and the importance of social networks, in the decision to migrate are assessed.
Ilha de calor em cidade de pequeno porte: caso de Viçosa, na Zona da Mata Mineira

Abstract HEAT ISLAND IN SMALL PORTION CITY : VICOSA CASE IN ZONA DA MATA MINEIRA With the expanding evolution of the urban march of the cities, the human being intensified their use concerning the space, through weather phenomena such as: flooding, the deterioration of the air quality and the increase of temperature in the cities, comparing to the area around. The last one is also known as warmth/heat island. The study area observed in this research was justified because: a) an accelerated growth of the urban population since the early 1970’s; b) an intense process of verticalization which began in the 1980’s and c) the expansion of the city grid, which lives with a very reduced afforestation. From these arguments, the present paper tried to investigate the hypothesis of the constitution of an urban climate associated to the city growth of the city headquarters of Vicosa. For this reason, the historical series of the climatology station of Vicosa was originally analyzed between 1968 and 2006. After this, the technique of mobile transects with the use of a digital thermo-hygrometer of direct-reading
A domain-based model for predicting large and complex pseudoknotted structures

Pseudoknotted structures play important structural and functional roles in RNA cellular functions at the level of transcription, splicing and translation. However, the problem of computational prediction for large pseudoknotted folds remains. Here we develop a domain-based method for predicting complex and large pseudoknotted structures from RNA sequences. The model is based on the observation that large RNAs can be separated into different structural domains. The basic idea is to first identify the domains and then predict the structures for each domain. Assembly of the domain structures gives the full structure. The use of the domain-based approach leads to a reduction of computational time by a factor of about ~N2 for an N-nt sequence. As applications of the model, we predict structures for a variety of RNA systems, such as regions in human telomerase RNA (hTR), internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and HIV genome. The lengths of these sequences range from 200-nt to 400-nt. The results show good agreements with the experiments.
Malacofauna of the Holsteinian lake deposits at Hrud II (Eastern Poland) and its palaeoecological significance

Mollusc-bearing deposits at Hrud II (Eastern Poland) accumulated in the western part of a palaeolake of Holsteinian age (MIS 11). The faunal assemblage is typical of freshwater environments and presumably represents a part of the interglacial climatic optimum ( Carpinus–Abies Zone). On the basis of its varied composition, the evolution of the water body is described. Reinterpretation of the data from the eastern part of the lake (Hrud I) and combining of the results from both sites enable a wider palaeoecological reconstruction. Fluctuations in lake level, water dynamics and changes in the aquatic vegetation are inferred from quantitative relations between selected molluscs, especially Lithoglyphus jahni , Valvata piscinalis and Bithynia tentaculata , which prevail in the deposits investigated. A predominance of Valvata piscinalis indicates a rise in water level, whereas the communities with abundant Bithynia opercula are typical of a more shallow lake with rich reed fields. Amelioration of the trophic conditions between the pre-optimal and optimal part of the Holsteinian Interglacial can also be recognised.
Summertime NO y speciation at the Jungfraujoch, 3580 m above sea level, Switzerland

During summer 1997, speciated reactive nitrogen (NO, NO2, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), HNO3, and particulate nitrate) was measured in conjunction with total reactive nitrogen (NOy) at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch (JFJ), 3580 m above sea level (asl). The individually measured NOy components averaged to 82% of total NOy. PAN was the most abundant reactive nitrogen compound and composed on average 36% of NOy, followed by NOx, (22%), particulate nitrate (17%), and HNO3 (7%). The NOx/NOy ratio averaged 0.25, but significantly lower values (0.15–0.20) were observed in the presence of high NOy mixing ratios. A classification of the data by synoptic weather conditions indicated that thermally driven vertical transport has a strong impact on the mixing ratios measured at the JFJ during summer. A strong diurnal cycle with maximum mixing ratios in the late afternoon was observed for convective days with north-westerly advection at 500 hPa. In contrast, during a period of convective days with a wind speed below 7.5 m s−1 at 500 hPa, no obvious diurnal cycle was observed. Under these meteorological conditions the convective boundary layer can be significantly higher over the Alps (i.e., around 4 km asl) than over the surrounding lowlands. Subsequent advection may finally result in the export of reactive nitrogen reservoir compounds to the free troposphere and hence influence global atmospheric chemistry.