Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A double hurdle analysis of determinants of protein consumption pattern among rural households in Egbeda local government area, Oyo state

This study was carried out in selected rural areas in Egbeda LGA of Ibadan, to investigate the protein consumption pattern of rural households as well as the factors responsible for households' decision to consume protein. A double hurdle model was specified for this purpose. Findings from the research show that for animal protein consumption, all the specified exogenous variables had statistically significant relationship with the household's decision to consume animal protein, albeit at different levels. Also, for actual rural household animal protein expenditure, all the specified exogenous variables, with the exception of household monthly expenditure on food supplement, had significant relationships. All the specified variables in the model had significant marginal effects on household's decision to consume animal protein. For both plant and animal protein sources, a unit increase in household size decreased the probability of households decision to consume each of the protein sources, albeit the more so for plant protein sources (by 9.1% for plant protein against 3.5% for animal protein sources). Increase in expenditure on substitutes for both sources decreased the probability of household's decision to consume protein sources, albeit the more for plant protein sources (10%) than for animal protein sources (1.4%). However, this influence translated to an increase in household actual expenditure on protein sources but both with inelastic coefficients. Increase in food supplement expenditure increased the probability of household's decision to consume protein sources by close to 10% (7.8% for animal protein and 6.5% for plant protein sources). The elasticity coefficient was not significant though inelastic for animal protein but was significant and elastic for plant protein sources. It can be concluded that plant protein expenditure among these rural dwellers is very responsive and sensitive to household's expenditure on food supplements, while increase in expenditure on plant protein substitutes also increases household expenditure on plant protein. However, the significant variables with respect to actual animal protein consumption had inelastic coefficients. It is therefore recommended that among rural households there is the need for massive campaigns to educate them on the need to plan parenthood and the productive capacities of rural dwellers (the larger percentage of who are farmers) should be enhanced. Also, it is recommended that efforts should be made intensify nutrition campaigns to rural areas that would help in raising the level of awareness of rural dwellers with respect to the importance of proteinous food.
Impact of Cumulus Parameterization on Model Convergence of Tropical Cyclone Destructive Potential Simulation at Grey-Zone Resolutions: A Numerical Investigation

The Weather Research Forecast model (WRF) is used to examine the destructive potential of tropical cyclone (TC) Shanshan (2006) at various horizontal resolutions (7.5 km–1 km) with different cumulus parameterization (CP) schemes. It is found that the calculated Power Dissipation Index (PDI) increases while the size-dependent destructive potential (PDS) decreases as the grid spacing decreases for all CP-scheme simulations, which indicates a weak model convergence in both PDI and PDS calculations. Moreover, it is change of the storm intensity and inner-core size that lead to the non-convergence of PDI and PDS respectively. At a higher resolution, convection becomes more explicitly resolved, which leads to larger diabatic heating. As a result, the radial pressure gradient force (PGF) increases, and the radius of maximum wind (RMW) decreases. The area of strong diabatic heating subsequently becomes closer to the TC center, which further increases the TC intensity and the PGF near the eyewall. With such a positive feedback loop, the PGF increases and the RMW decreases as the resolution increases. Note that a perfect model should converge well in the simulation of both TC intensity and size, and thus converge in the PDS. For some CP experiments, the calculated PDS convergence is relatively strong, but it is a result of offset between the non-convergent simulations of TC intensity and size. In contrast, the Grell–Freitas scheme exhibits a stronger convergence in the simulations of TC intensity and size, although the convergence in PDS is relatively weak, but is closer to the truth.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Competing exchange interactions and their relevance for the magnetisation process in RMn 6-xCrxSn 6 powders ( with R = Y

The free-powder magnetisation of RMn,_XCr,Sn, compounds has been measured for compounds with R = Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er in fields up to 38 T, and interpreted in terms of a simple model, which is also outlined in this paper. From the measurements, estimates for the R-3d mean-field coupling constant (nRT) could be derived for the cases where R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er. In turn, the n RT values can be related to the microscopic spin-coupling constant ( JRT). In the case of YMn,Sn, the high-field measurement presents evidence for a very weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the Mn layers. Furthermore, values for the Mn moments (pLhln) were also derived from the magnetisation measurements. The estimated pMn values are of the order of 2.0~~.
Climate evolution of Venus

[1] The processes in the atmosphere, interior, surface, and near-space environment that together maintain the climate on Venus are examined from the specific point of view of the advances that are possible with new data from Venus Express and improved evolutionary climate models. Particular difficulties, opportunities, and prospects for the next generation of missions to Venus are also discussed.
Towards autonomous inspection of concrete deterioration in sewers with legged robots

The regular inspection of sewer systems is essential to assess the level of degradation and to plan maintenance work. Currently, human inspectors must walk through sewers and use their sense of touch to inspect the roughness of the floor and check for cracks. The sense of touch is used since the floor is often covered by (waste) water and biofilm, which renders visual inspection very challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate a robotic inspection system which evaluates concrete deterioration using tactile interaction. We deployed the quadruped robot ANYmal in the sewers of Zurich and commanded it using shared autonomy for several such missions. The inspection itself is realized via a well‐defined scratching motion using one of the limbs on the sewer floor. Inertial and force/torque sensors embedded within specially designed feet captured the resulting vibrations. A pretrained support vector machine (SVM) is evaluated to assess the state of the concrete. The results of the classification are then displayed in a three‐dimensional map recorded by the robot for easy visualization and assessment. To train the SVM we recorded 625 samples with ground truth labels provided by professional sewer inspectors. We make this data set publicly available. We achieved deterioration level estimates within three classes of more than 92% accuracy. During the four deployment missions, we covered a total distance of 300 m and acquired 130 inspection samples.
A Study of Teachers' Perceptions of Challenges in Employing Child-Centered Approach in Selected State Primary Schools in Keng Tung Area, Myanmar

This study tried to identify the level of perceptions of teachers towards challenges in employing child-centered approach in their schools and to compare the differences in their perceptions according to their demographics. This research was conducted on a total population of 51 teachers in eight state primary schools in Kengtung area, Eastern Shan State, Myanmar. The research was designed as quantitative research by using a set of questionnaire which covers teachers’ demographic profiles including teachers’ age, educational background, years of teaching experience and grade level. Ten challenges of teachers based on previous research and related literatures were provided in questionnaire to identify the level of teachers’ perceptions towards challenges. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In addition to survey questionnaire, the researcher did observation and informal interview to some teachers. The study found out that most of the given challenges were perceived not challenging by the teachers in selected state primary schools in Kengtung area of Myanmar. Nevertheless, the findings of the research revealed new challenges for teachers such as language barrier, parents’ involvements, time insufficiency and learning ability of students. There were no significant differences in teachers’ perceptions of challenges in employing child-centered approach according to their age, educational background, years of teaching experience and grade level.
Automating the Design of Embedded Domain Specific Architectures using Stall Cycle Analysis ( SCA )

The design of domain specific architectures (DSAs) deployed in today’s embedded systems involves a sequential process that requires significant designer knowledge, experience, and time to arrive at a suitable architecture for the target application suite. The subsequent costs incurred conflict with the ever increasing functionality and complexity of embedded applications, and the short time to market requirements for embedded devices. In this study, we propose to create an automatic design space exploration tool that takes an initial architecture and then employs an iterative technique known as ’Stall Cycle analysis’ (SCA) to arrive at a performance-energy pareto-optimal design for a given constraint (for example, minimum area). SCA makes the observation that execution cycles of a program consists of cycles of pure computation and stall cycles that occur due to the presence of bottlenecks. Compilation and architectural simulation can be employed to analyze these bottlenecks and provide insight into architectural avenues (adding or removing resources) for further performance improvements (or energy reduction). This iterative technique reduces the search space (from ≥1000 points to tens of points) and its utility is demonstrated by design case studies for three application domains: face recognition, speech recognition, and wireless telephony algorithms. As compared to manual designs optimized for a particular metric, SCA automates the design of performance-energy optimal DSAs for minimum energy-delay product (17% improvement for wireless telephony), minimum area (75% smaller design for face recognition), or maximum performance (38% improvement for speech recognition). To our knowledge, this is the first study that combines compilation and architectural simulation to design compiler friendly DSAs, thereby significantly reducing DSA design time
The Evaluation of Radiation Use Efficiency and Leaf Area Index Development for the Estimation of Biomass Accumulation in Short Rotation Poplar and Annual Field Crops

We evaluated the long-term pattern of leaf area index (LAI) dynamics and radiation use efficiency (RUE) in short rotation poplar in uncoppice (single stem) and coppice (multi-stem) plantations, and compared them to annual field crops (AFCs) as an alternative for bioenergy production while being more sensitive to weather fluctuation and climate change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of LAI and RUE as indicators for bioenergy production and indicators of response to changing environmental conditions. For this study, we selected poplar clone J-105 (Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry) and AFCs such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), and compared their aboveground dry mass (AGDM) production in relation to their LAI development and RUE. The results of the study showed the long-term maximum LAI (LAImax) to be 9.5 in coppice poplar when compared to AFCs, where LAImax did not exceed the value 6. The RUE varied between 1.02 and 1.48 g MJ−1 in short rotation poplar and between 0.72 and 2.06 g MJ−1 in AFCs. We found both LAI and RUE contributed to AGDM production in short rotation poplar and RUE only contributed in AFCs. The study confirms that RUE may be considered an AGDM predictor of short rotation poplar and AFCs. This may be utilized for empirical estimates of yields and also contribute to improve the models of short rotation poplar and AFCs for the precise prediction of biomass accumulation in different environmental conditions.
Bioreductive Dissolution as a Pretreatment for Recalcitrant Rare-Earth Phosphate Minerals Associated with Lateritic Ores

Recent research has demonstrated the applicability of a biotechnological approach for extracting base metals using acidophilic bacteria that catalyze the reductive dissolution of ferric iron oxides from oxidized ores, using elemental sulfur as an electron donor. In Brazil, lateritic deposits are frequently associated with phosphate minerals such as monazite, which is one of the most abundant rare-earth phosphate minerals. Given the fact that monazite is highly refractory, rare earth elements (REE) extraction is very difficult to achieve and conventionally involves digesting with concentrated sodium hydroxide and/or sulfuric acid at high temperatures; therefore, it has not been considered as a potential resource. This study aimed to determine the effect of the bioreductive dissolution of ferric iron minerals associated with monazite using Acidithiobacillus (A.) species in pH- and temperature-controlled stirred reactors. Under aerobic conditions, using A. thiooxidans at extremely low pH greatly enhanced the solubilization of iron from ferric iron minerals, as well that of phosphate (about 35%), which can be used as an indicator of the dissolution of monazite. The results from this study have demonstrated the potential of using bioreductive mineral dissolution, which can be applied as pretreatment to remove coverings of ferric iron minerals in a process analogous to the bio-oxidation of refractory golds and expand the range of minerals that could be processed using this approach.
Psychiatric problems and quality of life in a clinical sample of adolescents: The role of peer relations

Abstract Background: The quality of peer relations is linked to mental health in childhood and adolescence, but few studies have investigated its clinical relevance. In particular, the potential mediating role of peer functioning in the associations between different dimensions of symptoms and quality of life (QoL) has not been sufficiently examined. Objective: In a clinical sample of adolescents, we examined peer relations in light of psychiatric diagnoses, as well as QoL and symptoms of mental health problems, with particular focus on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and ADHD. We also examined the potential mediating role of peer problems in the relationship between such symptoms and QoL. Methods: The sample consisted of 603 adolescents (ages 13-18) referred to clinical assessment. Psychiatric diagnoses according to the criteria of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, were collected from participants’ clinical charts. Symptoms of disorders, QoL, and quality of peer relations were measured by self-report questionnaires. Results: Adolescents diagnosed with anxiety/depressive disorder reported more peer problems and lower QoL than adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These findings were supported with symptom ratings. A path model with bootstrapping was used to assess the potential mediating role of peer problems in the association between symptoms and QoL, showing that peer problems partly mediated the relationship between emotional symptoms and QoL, but not the relationship between ADHD-symptoms and QoL. Conclusion: Improvement of peer relations may be a fruitful path for enhancing QoL among adolescents with symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Synthesis, Characterization and DFT Studies of Two Zinc(II) Complexes Based on 2-Isopropylimidazole

Two novel coordination compounds, [Zn(L)2(OOCH)2] (1) and [Zn(L)3(OCHO)](OCHO)]·H2O (2) (where L = 2-isopropylimidazole, C6H10N2) have been prepared by reaction of 2-isopropylimidazole with zinc(II) formate at room temperature using toluene as solvent. These compounds were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, IR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopies, single crystal X-ray diffraction and DFT studies. The Zn centers in 1 and 2 adopt pseudo-tetrahedral coordination geometries. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system P2/c space group whereas compound 2 crystallizes in the P-1 space group of the triclinic crystal system. Several types of hydrogen intra-/intermolecular interactions are observed in these materials and extend into a two-dimensional leaf like network in 1 and a two-dimensional lattice of rectilinear pillars in 2. Compounds 1 and 2 were also optimized and their frontier molecular orbitals, global reactivity descriptors, molecular electrostatic potential, natural bond orbitals were investigated using density functional theory (DFT). In fact the induced structural differences from complex 1 to complex 2 led to the reduction of the frontier molecular orbital energy gap by 1.338 eV and a decrease of the chemical hardness by 0.669 eV.
Amino acids profile of catfish, crayfish and larva of edible dung beetle

Protein is an important nutrient for growth and development of humans and its quality depends on the types and composition of its amino acids. The amino acid profile of dung beetle larva was determined and compared with those of catfish and crayfish by HPLC using Applied PTH Biosystem amino acid analyzer. The data obtained were analyzed with inferential statistics of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means separated using LeastSignificance Difference (LSD). The results showed that there were significant differences in the samples for all the set criteria for amino acid quality: total amino acid (F = 219.9), percentage amino acid (F = 1095.4), 2, 6 2, 6 essential amino acid score (F = 2588.4), essential to non-essential amino acid ratio (F = 236.7) and predicted 2, 6 2, 6 protein efficiency ratio (F = 1049.4) all at P < 0.05. About 66.7% of the essential amino acids in dung beetle 2, 6larva satisfy human nutritional requirement while amino acids like tryptophan, histidine and threonine were significantly higher in dung beetle. The amino acid score of this insect was higher as it has the potential of over 100% protein synthesis as against 68.2% and 80.9% respectively for catfish and crayfish. Moreover, a consumption of 46 g of dung beetle larva can effectively satisfy the daily human amino acid requirement. The study concluded that the protein quality of insects especially dung beetle larva compared favorably with commonly consumed human protein diets like catfish and crayfish. Therefore entomophagy should be encouraged in the face of the present dwindling availability of animal protein food sources. Keywords: Amino acid score, Entomophagy, Protein energy malnutrition, Dung beetle
Gas Mass Tracers in Protoplanetary Disks: CO is Still the Best

Protoplanetary disk mass is a key parameter controlling the process of planetary system formation. CO molecular emission is often used as a tracer of gas mass in the disk. In this study, we consider the ability of CO to trace the gas mass over a wide range of disk structural parameters, and we search for chemical species that could possibly be used as alternative mass tracers to CO. Specifically, we apply detailed astrochemical modeling to a large set of models of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars to select molecules with abundances correlated with the disk mass and being relatively insensitive to other disk properties. We do not consider sophisticated dust evolution models, restricting ourselves to the standard astrochemical assumption of 0.1 μm dust. We find that CO is indeed the best molecular tracer for total gas mass, despite the fact that it is not the main carbon carrier, provided reasonable assumptions about CO abundance in the disk are used. Typically, chemical reprocessing lowers the abundance of CO by a factor of 3, compared to the case where photodissociation and freeze-out are the only ways of CO depletion. On average, only 13% C atoms reside in gas-phase CO, albeit with variations from 2% to 30%. CO2, H2O, and H2CO can potentially serve as alternative mass tracers, with the latter two only applicable if disk structural parameters are known.
A study on the surgical management of abdominal tuberculosis in patients attending a tertiary hospital

Background: Tuberculosis is seen due to various factors such as overcrowding and unhygienic conditions. In order to diagnose a case of abdominal tuberculosis, a detailed history and a thorough clinical examination must be done. The objective of this article was to determine the number of patients who presented to a tertiary hospital with abdominal tuberculosis and in which of these patients management in the surgical department was required.Methods: A total of 50 patients who had abdominal tuberculosis were studied. The study was carried out at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India. The study was carried out from February 2017 to January 2020. A detailed history was obtained and a thorough clinical examination was done. Investigations such as CBC, chest X-ray, abdomen X-ray, ultrasound scan and CT scan of the abdomen were done. When required, patients underwent surgery and the results obtained were analyzed and tabulated. In our study, out of a total of 50 patients, 32 patients were found to have required surgery. The statistics were analyzed using SPSS package 16.0. Results: It was seen that in this study, male patients were more commonly affected with abdominal tuberculosis, and resection and anastomosis was the most common surgical procedure done when required. The findings obtained were compared with other studies.Conclusions: In patients with abdominal tuberculosis, a detailed history and a thorough clinical examination are required in order to diagnose the condition as early as possible.
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE OF MOSQUITO SPECIES IN THE MUNICIPAL AREAS OF IMO STATE, NIGERIA

A study of the ecology of drainagebreeding mosqu ito vectors was conducted in the three urban centers (Owerri, Orlu and Okigwe) of Imo State, Nigeria. Four drainage sites located around markets, residential, stream and hotel premises were selected in each urban centre. Dipping method of sampling was employed and a total of 8,820 mosquitoes comprising eight species namely; Aedes aegypti , Aedes vittatus , Culex quinquefasciatus , Culex tigripes , Culex horridus , Culex cinereus , Culex annuliorus and Anopheles gambiae were encountered; in Owerri and Orlu with Cx. cinereus being completely absent in Okigwe. Cx. quinquefasciatus was predominantly present in all drainage sites with the highest occurrence of 4,474(50.74%) followed by Aedes aegypti 1814 (20.57%), An . gambiae 945(10.71%), Cx. tigripes 484 (5.48%) Ae. vittatus 420 (4.76%), Cx. horridus 264 (02.99%), Cx. cinereus 261 (2.96%), Cx . annuliorus 159 (1.88%). Of all sites sampled, market drainages had the highest abundance of mosquitoes which was significantly higher than (ANOVA, P ≤ 0.05) those found in the residential, streams and hotel premises. Residential drainages recorded the second highest density followed by stream/vegetation drainages and hotel drainages which had the least. The abundance and distribution of mosquitoes in Owerri (130.06) the State Capital was significantly higher (ANOVA, P ≤ 0.05) than those for Orlu (93.44) and Okigwe (52.13). The mosquito species identified in this study are of public health importance and there is an urgent need to desilt and clean up these drainages for free flow of water. This will not only rid these species of breeding sites but also free the State of the diseases associated with these organisms.