Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efeitos do tipo de bandejas e de cultivares na produção de plântulas e no rendimento da chicória

No Brasil, o consumo da chicoria como salada tem aumentado, contribuindo na alimentacao principalmente como fonte de vitaminas e sais minerais. Embora com expressivo aumento tambem em importância economica, sao poucas as informacoes existentes sobre a cultura. Dessa forma, o experimento foi conduzido em Ponta Grossa (PR), e teve como objetivo avaliar efeitos do tipo de bandejas e de cultivares na producao de plântulas e no rendimento da chicoria. Foram realizados dois cultivos, sendo o primeiro com semeadura em 20/07/04 e11/09/04 para o segundo cultivo. As plântulas foram produzidas sob ambiente protegido, com o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repeticoes, sendo os tratamentos arranjados conforme fatorial 2 x 3, sendo duas cultivares, a chicoria Crespa e a Lisa (ISLA) e tres tipos de bandejas de poliestireno expandido, com 128 celulas (40 cm3), 200 celulas (16 cm3) e 288 celulas (12 cm3). O substrato usado foi o Plantmax®. As plântulas foram avaliadas aos 36 e 34 dias, nas seguintes caracteristicas, no primeiro e segundo cultivo: altura da parte aerea, massa fresca e seca da parte aerea, comprimento da raiz, massa fresca e seca da raiz. Os experimentos de campo foram conduzidos nos dois cultivos com o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repeticoes, constando seis tratamentos: 1) cultivar Crespa com plântula proveniente da bandeja de 128 celulas; 2) cultivar Crespa com plântula proveniente da bandeja de 200 celulas; 3) cultivar Crespa com plântula proveniente da bandeja de 288 celulas; 4) cultivar Lisa com plântula proveniente da bandeja de 128 celulas; 5) cultivar Lisa com plântula proveniente da bandeja de 200 celulas; 6) cultivar Lisa com plântula proveniente da bandeja de 288 celulas. O transplante foi realizado aos 36 e 34 dias da semeadura no primeiro e segundo cultivo, respectivamente, em parcelas com tres fileiras de plantas arranjadas no espacamento 0,30 x 0,30 m. Na colheita da chicoria, realizada aos 50 dias do transplante para o primeiro cultivo e aos 49 dias para o segundo, as caracteristicas de diâmetro da cabeca, altura da parte aerea, numero de folhas, massa fresca e seca da cabeca foram avaliadas. Dos resultados obtidos nos dois cultivos pode-se concluir que, entre os tipos de bandejas, a de 128 celulas propiciou maior rapidez no desenvolvimento, tanto da parte aerea como da raiz, conferindo em menor tempo plântulas com melhor qualidade. As plântulas produzidas em bandejas propiciaram no campo estande de 100% apos o transplante e alta uniformidade no desenvolvimento das plantas. Plântulas provenientes da bandeja de 128 celulas demonstraram nao so melhor qualidade no estadio inicial, mas as caracteristicas positivas refletiram no desempenho da planta e no seu rendimento, obtendo-se cabecas de chicoria com maior massa fresca. Quanto as cultivares testadas, tanto a Crespa como a Lisa apresentaram comportamentos bastante similares no estadio de plântulas e no cultivo da planta nos dois experimentos.
Effects of tractor wheeling on root morphology and yield of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soil compaction on the herbage yield and root growth of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). A field experiment was conducted on a silty loam Mollic Fluvisols soil in 2003–2006. Herbage yield and root morphology, in terms of root length density, mean root diameter, specific root length and distribution of dry matter (DM) in roots, were measured. Four compaction treatments were applied three times annually by tractor using the following number of passes: control without experimental traffic, two passes, four passes and six passes. The tractor traffic changed the physical properties of the soil by increasing bulk density and penetration resistance. Soil compaction also improved its water retention properties. These changes were associated with changes in root morphology and distribution of the DM in roots. Soil compaction resulted in higher proportions of the DM in roots, especially in the upper, 0–10 cm, soil horizon. Decreases in the root length density were observed in a root diameter range of 0·1–1·0 mm. It was also found that roots in a more compacted soil were significantly thicker. An effect of the root system of lucerne on soil compaction was observed. The root system of lucerne decreased the effects of soil compaction that had been recorded in the first and the second year of the experiment. An increase in the number of passes resulted in a decrease in the DM yield of herbage in the second and third harvests each year.
EU Security Governance

The aim of this work is to provide informed insights about the main understandings on security governance. ‘Security governance’ as a concept is investigated, and the theoretical assumptions upon which or against which the term is built presented. Security governance literature lacks of a reflection upon the understanding and construction of ‘security’; instead, attempts at bridging the literature on security with that on security governance may enhance the theoretical and empirical relevance of the term. The analysis of the European system of security governance will emphasise how the post-Westphalian nature of states within Europe renders security regulation efforts different from those of other systems. Against this background, prospect of cooperation do not only depend on the possible exportation of the European system of security governance, but also on compatible interests among different actors and on European reliability as a security actor in cooperative efforts.
Effect of short-term water deprivation in summer on Marwari sheep

SUMMARY Effect of 24 h and 48 h of water deprivation on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and on blood and urine electrolyte levels in Marwari sheep of the Rajasthan desert, India, have been recorded. Body weight, urine volume, GFR and erythrocyte sodium concentration in these animals registered considerable decreases due to dehydration. Both plasma sodium and urinary potassium concentrations remained unaffected. While plasma potassium was somewhat reduced, the potassium in red blood cells increased after 48 h of water deprivation. The most remarkable response was in the concentration of urinary sodium which rose to more than double the normal level.
Reappraising verbal language in audiovisual translation: From description to application

Focussing on the verbal code alone in audiovisual translation research is often criticised as it supposedly disregards the semiotic and cultural complexity of the audiovisual text. This article by contrast argues for the relevance of an in-depth analysis of the linguistic component of the multimodal complex. First, the article presents a model of key dimensions necessary to account for the space occupied by the language of dubbing, while placing it within a wider sociolinguistic context. Three pairs of dimensions are proposed: naturalness and register specificity, target language orientation and source language interference, and routinisation and creativity. Second, the article argues that translation for dubbing can be applied as a heuristic device to explore the translation of casual conversation. By analysing the rendering of a typical structure of conversational English in dubbed Italian, an illustration is provided of systematic cross-linguistic correspondences that potentially extend to spontaneous speech. Further sociolinguistic, diachronic and cross-cultural investigations are suggested as a way to push research into the language of dubbing forward.
Infants’ Theory of Mind Competency

Prior Theory of Mind research using elicited-response tasks in which children are asked direct questions about an agent’s false belief suggests that children younger than age 4 do not attribute false beliefs to other agents. Recently, spontaneous-looking studies have claimed that soon after their first birthday, infants already reason about agents’ false belief, false perception and false identity. These visual fixation researches not only provide support for the possibility of knowledge and belief attribution in infancy, but also prove that this ability is quite robust because it can be demonstrated with different spontaneous-looking tasks. The authors first examine elicited-response false belief research, which, while confirming that children under 4 years perform poorly on standard tests, suggests nevertheless that they have more implicit understanding of beliefs than they can express. We then address two recent bodies of spontaneous-looking studies that suggest that infants in the second year of life can already attribute false beliefs about location and identity as well as false perceptions. We also introduce the early psychological reasoning account for the discrepant findings of elicited-response false belief tasks and spontaneous-looking tasks. Why elicited-response tasks are particularly difficult for young children is also discussed.
Morphology aspects of the fat body and the haemolymph of males of the predator brontocoris tabidus (het, pentatomidae): effect of the phytophagy and age.

Morpho-physiological aspects of the fat body of the haemolymph of the predator Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) males fed on Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae without plant; T. molitor pupae plus Eucalyptus cloeziana plants; T. molitor pupae plus Eucalyptus urophylla plants; T. molitor pupae plus guava plants (Psidium guajava) were analyzed. Haemolymph protein content and fat body morphology were analyzed in samples of B. tabidus males 15 and 21 days old. The haemolymph protein content of B. tabidus males was not affected by the diet or age of this predator. Adult of B. tabidus males had thophocytes with similar morphological aspects in all diets and ages analyzed, but they were twice bigger in those predator fed on T. molitor and plants of E. urophylla than with the other diets. The histochemical tests, proteins and carbohydrates showed weak reaction of the fat body of B. tabidus males with all diets and ages. These results are discussed in relation to the effect of plant supplementation in predator diets.
Artisanal Fishing and Environmental Change in a Nigerian Floodplain Wetland

Floodplain wetlands are of major importance in semi-arid Africa, providing agricultural, livestock, forestry, and fisheries, products as well as many other goods and services. Through a case-study of a floodplain wetland in northern Nigeria, it is demonstrated that the factors determining the characteristics of floodplain fishermen, defined in terms of how they fish, where they fish, and when they fish, are spatially and temporally very complex and may best be analysed within a simple systems framework. Despite the important values and functions that floodplains provide, many have been degraded owing to the construction of dams within their catchments. Studies of the social and economic impact of these developments tend to have adopted an ‘ecosystem’ approach to analysis that conceals the socio-economic complexity of the floodplain. However, if proposals to manage the water resources of river basins effectively are to be successfully implemented, it will be essential to understand the complexity of socioeconomic relations of floodplain users and their interaction with the environment. In conclusion, there is a need for much more detailed socio-economic studies that explore the ways in which floodplain inhabitants use the system in space and time.
The influence of trematodes on the macroalgae consumption by the common periwinkle Littorina littorea

Trematodes are ubiquitous elements of coastal ecosystems that commonly modify the phenotype of their invertebrate hosts, often with ramifications to higher levels of ecological organization. In this context, trematode infections have been suggested to reduce the consumption of the herbivorous gastropod Littorina littorea (L.) (Mollusca: Gastropoda), in turn affecting the composition of the macroalgal community on which the snail grazes. Here, we examine the effect of two species of trematodes, Renicola roscovita and Himasthla elongata, on L. littorea's consumption in two outdoor microcosm experiments offering the snails two different ephemeral green algae species as a food source. Our results show that, irrespective of the species of parasite and food source, infection decreases consumption: uninfected snails consumed up to 65% more macroalgal biomass than infected snails. Aside from infection status, gender and size also influenced the snails' consumption rate significantly. The differing histopathological impacts of the two species of trematodes on the hosts' gonad–digestive gland complex (in which the parasites reside), suggests that parasitic castration is a likely mechanism for the reduced energy demand of infected periwinkles. Together with existing evidence, our investigation suggests that trematodes in general depress the grazing activity of L. littorea, and that the resulting community regulation occurs throughout the snails' distributional range.
Going Up : exploring ways to improve bimodal auditory functioning

textabstractHearing loss has a substantial impact on general health and well-being. For individuals with severe to profound hearing loss, cochlear implants (CI) have become a viable treatment option. Nowadays, many recipients of unilateral CIs have usable residual hearing in the non-implanted ear and wear a hearing aid (HA) in the contralateral ear. The combination of a CI in one ear and a HA in the other ear is called bimodal hearing, aiming to restore binaural hearing as much as possible. In this thesis new ways are investigated to improve bimodal auditory functioning.
A framework for analysing colour pattern geometry: adjacent colours

The analysis of colour pattern geometry is not as well advanced as the analysis of colour, although this reflects a lack of an analytical framework. The present study proposes an approach based on a consideration of which colours are adjacent to each other. Both vertebrate and invertebrate eyes do not take static images of the world but move across the field of view. As a consequence, the eye takes transects across the field of view responding to the colours and luminances within patches and to the colour and/or luminance transitions between patches. The framework and methods suggested here are based upon transects across colour patterns and make it possible to estimate colour pattern parameters that capture not only the relative areas of each patch class, but also the relative frequencies of colour/luminance transitions or adjacency. This allows tests of new hypotheses about colour patterns at the same time as including colour, pattern, and texture. Eleven groups of predictions are made with respect to the often conflicting needs of communication with conspecifics, avoiding predation, and finding food. New phenomena may be discovered as a result of these methods and predictions. For example, certain colour transitions may be used for species recognition even though the same colours are used by all species. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, ••, ••–••.
Production of extracellular lipase by a new strain Staphylococcus aureus NK-LB37 isolated from oil contaminated soil

A total of 20 bacterial isolates were obtained by screening using tributyrin agar medium. Among them the isolate which exhibited greater clearance zone and higher lipase activity was subsequently screened using spirit blue agar and rhodamine B agar medium. Based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the potent isolate was identified as Staphylococcus aureus . The lipase production of the isolate was increased by improving the conditions of production medium. Maximum lipase production (8.11 U/ml) was achieved when 2% punnakka oil was utilized as sole carbon source at pH 7.0 and 37°C after 2 days of incubation. Addition of 3% tryptone as nitrogen source and 0.01% MgCl 2 resulted in a significant increase of lipase production (10.73 U/ml). The lipase production was slightly enhanced in the presence of 20% n-propanol and highly stable in the presence of n-butanol, toluene and n-hexane. The study resulted in isolation and production of inducible, mesophilic and solvent tolerant lipase with industrial potential. Keywords: Staphylococcus sp. , tributyrin agar, 16S rRNA , medium optimization, solvent-tolerant lipase. African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(28) 2858-2866
The effect of plant population and irrigation on sugar beet

SUMMARY Four experiments are described in which the response of sugar beet to irrigation was measured over a range of approximately 30000–150000 plants per hectare, and one experiment where the effects of plant population and spatial arrangement were studied. The experiments were carried out on a sandy soil in the south-east of England and extended from 1960 to 1965. The response of sugar beet to irrigation was affected by plant density. It is suggested that some explanation for the modified responses may be provided by considering effects of plant population on (i) the rate at which the soil surface is covered by leaves, and (ii) effects on the volume of soil exploited for water.
Lipid dynamics and trophic patterns in Pleuragramma antarctica life stages

Abstract The aim of this study was to clarify the trophic patterns of the key species Pleuragramma antarctica in the Dumont d’Urville Sea, through its development and possible changes according to sampling locations. Variability in diet composition of larvae, juvenile and adult P. antarctica was analysed using fatty acid markers. Analysis of lipid class in P. antarctica reflected lipid accumulation with increasing size at all sampling stations. The fatty acid composition of triacylglycerol highlighted ontogenetic changes in the diet. Phytoplankton markers, such as C16PUFA:C16 and EPA:DHA ratios >1, and carnivorous markers in larvae suggested an omnivorous diet. Comparison between the fatty acid signature of P. antarctica older stages (juveniles and adults) and zooplankton species using OPLS-discriminant analysis indicated that juveniles fed mainly on euphausiid larvae and to a minor extent on copepods, and confirmed that non-herbivorous copepods were the main prey for adults. Our results suggest that different feeding patterns and a generalist strategy in P. antarctica with juveniles feeding on bigger prey than adults, probably as a result of prey availability according to their vertical segregation pattern.
Comparative performance of diatom indices in aquatic pollution assessment.

The use of epilithic diatoms as indicators of river water quality was evaluated in two streams of south Turkey. Diatoms as well as physical and chemical variables were sampled monthly between May, 2002 and April 2003 at six sites that can represent the streams. A total of 110 diatom taxa belonging to 32 genera were found. The most tolerant taxa to organic pollution were Nitzschia palea (Kutzing) W. Smith. , Craticula accomoda (Hustedt) D.G. Mann. , Gomphonema parvulum (Kutzing) Kutzing,Navicula atomus (Kutzing) Grunow, Navicula cryptocephala Kutzing. These species were dominant at the organically polluted stations. The performance of three types of benthic diatom index was compared (Swiss Diatom Index (DI-CH), Trophic Index (TI) and Saprobic Index (SI)). The indices were significantly correlated with dissolved oxygen, chloride, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and concentrations of nutrients (NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, and PO4-P). DI-CH, TI and SI had high correlations with thephysicochemical variables but DI-CH and TI were more reliable than the SI. We concluded that in these rivers, DI-CH and TI could be more useful than SI. Based on the significant correlation with nutrients and organic pollution variables this study suggests that SI, TI and DI-CH are integrating the effects of organic pollution. Key words: Diatom indices, pollution assessment, Turkey.
CpG ODN Ligation of TLR-9 Attenuates TNF-α Production in Untreated Active SLE Patients

Objective: In the present study, we determined the immunomodulatory effect of toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) ligation with hypomethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) on TNF-α release inuntreated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and in a cohort of sex-and age-matched healthy individuals. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 13 SLE patients and 8 healthy individuals were stimulated with CpG-ODNs in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. RT-PCRand ELISA assays were used for analysis of TNF-α mRNA expression and protein secretion. Results: CpG ODNs increased TLR9-mediated TNF-α protein release in supernatant of PBMC culture in SLE and healthy individuals although there were no significant differences of TNF-α mRNA expression between these two groups. The level of TNF-α protein production was significantly lower in SLE patients than in normal controls (592.5±202.8 ng/mL vs. 1369.8±277.3 ng/mL, p=0.033). Conclusion: The lower TNF-α production by PBMCs after TLR-9 ligation in untreated SLE patients reflected the dysregulation of this important proinflammatory cytokine. This dysregulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of attenuated innate immunity when patients are exposed to bacteria or viruses with CpG-rich DNA.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates vertebrate limb regeneration

The cellular and molecular bases allowing tissue regeneration are not well understood. By performing gain- and loss-of-function experiments of specific members of the Wnt pathway during appendage regeneration, we demonstrate that this pathway is not only necessary for regeneration to occur, but it is also able to promote regeneration in axolotl, Xenopus, and zebrafish. Furthermore, we show that changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of β-catenin in the developing chick embryo elicit apical ectodermal ridge and limb regeneration in an organism previously thought not to regenerate. Our studies may provide valuable insights toward a better understanding of adult tissue regeneration.
Yield stability of rainfed durum wheat and GGE biplot analysis of multi-environment trials

Integrating yield and stability of genotypes tested in unpredictable environments is a common breeding objective.ThemaingoalsofthisresearchweretoidentifysuperiordurumwheatgenotypesfortherainfedareasofIranandto determinetheexistenceofdifferentmega-environmentsinthegrowingareasofIranbytesting20genotypesin4locationsfor 3yearsviaGGE(genotype+genotype-by-environment)biplotanalysis.StabilityofperformancewasassessedbytheKang's yield-stability statistic (YSi) and 2 new methods of yield-regression statistic (Ybi) and yield-distance statistic (Ydi). The combinedanalysisofvarianceshowedthatenvironmentswerethemostimportantsourceofyieldvariability,andaccounted for76%oftotalvariation.ThemagnitudeoftheGEinteractionwas~10timesthemagnitudeoftheGeffect.TheGGEbiplot suggestedtheexistenceof2durumwheatmega-environmentsinIran.The firstmega-environmentconsistedofenvironments corresponding to 'cold' locations (Maragheh and Shirvan) and a moderately cold location (Kermanshah), where 'Sardari' was the best adapted cultivar; the second mega-environment comprised 'warm' environments, including the Ilam and Kermanshah locations, where the recommended breeding lines G16 (Gcn//Stj/Mrb3), G17 (Ch1/Brach//Mra-i), and G18 (Lgt3/4/Bcr/3/Ch1//Gta/Stk) produced the highest yields. Ranking of genotypes based on GGE was found to be highly correlatedwiththatbasedonthestatisticsYSiandYbi.Thediscriminatingpowerv. therepresentativeviewoftheGGEbiplot identifiedKermanshahasthelocationwiththeleastdiscriminatingabilitybutgreaterrepresentation,suggestingthepossible oftestinggenotypesadaptedtobothwarmandcoldlocationsattheKermanshahsite.TheresultsverifiedthatthestatisticsYSi and Ybi were highly correlated (r=0.94**) and could be a good alternative for GGE biplot analysis for selecting superior genotypes with high-yielding and stable performance.