Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Slant type taper profiling and prediction of profiling speed for a circular profile during in wire electric discharge machining using Hastelloy-X

Hastelloy-X a nickel-based alloy used in nozzles, flame holders, turbine blades, turbocharges, jet engine tailpipes, afterburner components etc. having complex tapering profiles. Wire electric discharge machining proves to be the most beneficial machining technique as it provides required accuracy for the components. In the present research, a slant type taper fixture is employed for achieving taper angles as convention tapering have many hindrances like wire bend, angular inaccuracy, guide wear, insufficient flushing and wire breakage etc. and machining a simple circular profile on Hastelloy-X. The behaviour of different output parameters like profiling speed, surface roughness, profile areas, microhardness and recast layer were investigated for various input parameters for machined taper components at 0°, 15° and 30°. The cutting speed override parameter influenced most on the profiling speed and surface roughness. The wire offset parameter was found to be the most significant factor in the case of circular profile areas that were machined. The variation of different output parameters to profiling/cutting speed and taper angle was also highlighted. It is found the recast layer decreased which indicated lesser thermal degradation at higher taper angles at different profiling parameters. This is also validated by the microhardness where the machined surface hardness of taper angular profiles was found to be greater than the 0° profiles. The artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system were used for the prediction of profiling speed. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system was found better in prediction as the percentage error varies between 0–5 per cent. In conclusion, the profiling speed influences both on the accuracy and surface of machined taper circular profiles.
Comparing diagnosed observation uncertainties with independent estimates: A case study using aircraft‐based observations and a convection‐permitting data assimilation system

Aircraft can report in situ observations of the ambient temperature by using aircraft meteorological data relay (AMDAR) or these can be derived using mode‐select enhanced tracking data (Mode‐S EHS). These observations may be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models to improve the initial conditions for forecasts. The assimilation process weights the observation according to the expected uncertainty in its measurement and representation. The goal of this paper is to compare observation uncertainties diagnosed from data assimilation statistics with independent estimates. To quantify these independent estimates, we use metrological comparisons, made with in‐situ research‐grade instruments, as well as previous studies using collocation methods between aircraft (mostly AMDAR reports) and other observing systems such as radiosondes. In this study we diagnose a new estimate of the vertical structure of the uncertainty variances using observation‐minus‐background and observation‐minus‐analysis statistics from a Met Office limited area three‐dimensional variational data assimilation system (3 km horizontal grid‐length, 3‐hourly cycle). This approach for uncertainty estimation is simple to compute but has several limitations. Nevertheless, the resulting diagnosed variances have a vertical structure that is like that provided by the independent estimates of uncertainty. This provides confidence in the uncertainty estimation method, and in the diagnosed uncertainty estimates themselves. In the future our methodology, along with other results, could provide ways to estimate the uncertainty for the assimilation of aircraft‐based temperature observations.
Effects of municipal wastewater on soil chemical properties in cultivating turfgrass using subsurface drip irrigation

ABSTRACT Knowing the concentrations of the nutrient elements in soils is important due to their toxic effect on humans and the environment. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of water quality, depths, and distances of lateral installation on soil chemical properties during turfgrass cultivation. A field experiment was conducted using a Split-Split-Plot design based on the randomized complete block (RCB) design with two treatments (well water and wastewater) and eight sub-treatments (45 and 60 cm distance of the laterals and 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm depths of laterals) in three replicates on a sandy loam soil, in Shahrekord, Iran. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm depth for measuring nitrate (NO3−), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH at the end of the experiment. During the experiment, fecal coliform was also measured at the soil surface. Results indicated that by increasing lateral distance, NO3− level increased in both layers. With installing laterals in deeper levels, NO3− concentration decreased at the beginning, then increased in the first layer, whereas in the second layer, NO3− concentration decreased. In addition, installing laterals in deeper depth caused an increase in soil EC in the top layer, but a decrease in the lower layer. However, the results showed that there was no significant effect of the treatments (well water and wastewater) and the sub-treatments (distance and depths of laterals) on soil pH. The results also show that with increasing laterals depth, fecal coliform level decreased at the soil surface.
SHETRAN and HEC HMS Model Evaluation for Runoff and Soil Moisture Simulation in the Jičinka River Catchment (Czech Republic)

Due to the improvement of computation power, in recent decades considerable progress has been made in the development of complex hydrological models. On the other hand, simple conceptual models have also been advanced. Previous studies on rainfall–runoff models have shown that model performance depends very much on the model structure. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of a complex hydrological model leads to more accurate results or not and to analyze whether some model structures are more efficient than others. Different configurations of the two models of different complexity, the Système Hydrologique Européen TRANsport (SHETRAN) and Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), were compared and evaluated in simulating flash flood runoff for the small (75.9 km2) Jičinka River catchment in the Czech Republic. The two models were compared with respect to runoff simulations at the catchment outlet and soil moisture simulations within the catchment. The results indicate that the more complex SHETRAN model outperforms the simpler HEC HMS model in case of runoff, but not for soil moisture. It can be concluded that the models with higher complexity do not necessarily provide better model performance, and that the reliability of hydrological model simulations can vary depending on the hydrological variable under consideration.
Functional soil organic matter fractions in response to long-term fertilizer management in a double-cropping paddy field of southern China

Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) and its fractions play an important role in maintaining or improving soil quality and soil fertility. Therefore, the effects of a 34-year long-term fertilizer regime on six functional SOM fractions under a double-cropping rice paddy field of southern China were studied in the current paper. The field experiment included four different fertilizer treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw residue and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM) and without fertilizer input as control (CK). The results showed that coarse unprotected particulate organic matter (cPOM), biochemically, physically–biochemically and chemically protected silt-sized fractions (NH-dSilt, NH-μSilt and H-dSilt) were the main carbon (C) storage fractions under long-term fertilization conditions, accounting for 16.7–26.5, 31.1–35.6, 16.2–17.3 and 7.5–8.2% of the total soil organic carbon (SOC) content in paddy soil, respectively. Compared with control, OM treatment increased the SOC content in the cPOM, fine unprotected POM fraction, pure physically protected fraction and physico-chemically protected fractions by 58.9, 106.7, 117.6 and 28.3%, respectively. The largest proportion of SOC to total SOC in the different fractions was biochemically protected, followed by chemically and unprotected, and physically protected were the smallest. These results suggested that a physical protection mechanism plays an important role in stabilizing C of paddy soil. In summary, the results showed that higher functional SOM fractions and physical protection mechanism play an important role in SOM cycling in terms of C sequestration under the double-cropping rice paddy field.
Silencing touch and touching silence? Understanding the complex links between touch and silence in residential child care settings

Touch and silence are neglected across most disciplines, including within child-specific academic literature, and their interconnections have not been studied before. This article focuses on touch/silence convergences in residential childcare in England, drawing from two qualitative studies. We reveal the fluidity, multidimensionality and intersectionality of touch and silence, illuminating the labyrinthine ways they frequently coalesce in children’s homes, often assuming ambiguous forms and meanings. We therefore offer new understandings of these concepts, as multifaceted, entwined, temporal and malleable.
Electronic Device Utilization, Bullying, School Experiences, and Discharge Destination of Youth Admitted to an Inpatient Unit for Psychiatric Illness

ABSTRACT The rate of admission to treatment facilities for psychiatric illness in youth is rising. There is also concern for their use of screen-time behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to explore hospitalized youth ratings for their utilization of social media and electronic devices, and their school experiences including bullying, and to compare their ratings to the provincial norm. The discharge plans were also examined. A survey with standardized questions taken from a provincial survey was administered while youth were in hospital. The mean age of the 111 youth who participated was 15.3 years (SD 1.4), and 78 (70%) identified as female. A high percentage of youth reported five or more hours of daily social media use, being bullied and bullying others; 57% reported a moderate to severe problem with digital media use. Adolescent patients reported greater problematic behaviors than the average adolescent. An unexpected finding was that many patients were discharged from the hospital to residential treatment programs. Youth reported many concerns with bullying, high use of electronics and poor school experiences. Many patients were discharged to specialized community residential treatment programs, which can be seen as essential components for the continuity of mental health treatment.
T-Cell and Antibody Responses to First BNT162b2 Vaccine Dose in Previously SARS-CoV-2-Infected and Infection-Naive UK Healthcare Workers: A Multicentre, Prospective, Observational Cohort Study

Background: Following a single dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, higher antibody titres are observed following prior SARS-CoV-2 infection than in infection-naive individuals, but T-cell responses are less well defined. Methods: We sampled healthcare workers (HCWs) enrolled in the UK PITCH study, before and after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. We measured spike-specific antibody, and quantified T-cell responses by IFNγ ELISpot assay and intracellular staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), comparing SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals to those with prior infection. Findings: HCWs aged 22 to 71 years received one (n=216) or two (n=21) vaccine doses. After a single dose, the spike-specific T-cell response was six-fold higher in previously-infected vs. naive individuals (median 340 vs. 58 SFU/106 PBMC, p<0.0001; fresh PBMC, n=99). The T-cell response in previously-infected individuals after one vaccine dose was equivalent to naive individuals receiving two vaccine doses (median 158 vs. 165 SFU/106 PBMCs, p=0.65; cryopreserved PBMC, n=117). Anti-spike IgG levels following a single dose in those previously infected (median 512.9 antibody units/ml (AU/ml)) were 6.8-fold higher vs. naive individuals following one dose (median 75.0 AU/ml, p<0.0001) and 2.9-fold higher than naive individuals given two doses three weeks apart (179.9 AU/ml, p=0.03). Following vaccination, plasma from individuals with prior infection demonstrated higher in vitro neutralisation of the B.1. 351 variant of concern compared to naive individuals. Interpretation: Following a single BNT162b2 dose, HCWs with a prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection have significantly higher T-cell and antibody responses than naive individuals.Funding UK Department of Health and Social Care and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium. Funding: UK Department of Health and Social Care and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium. Conflict of Interest: D.W. E. declares lecture fees from Gilead, outside the submitted work. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Ethical Approval: PITCH was recognised as a sub-study of SIREN on 2 December 2020, which was approved by the Berkshire Research Ethics Committee, Health Research 250 Authority (IRAS ID 284460, REC reference 20/SC/0230).
International diversification and performance in family firm: Exploring nonlinear relationships with the governance structure in an emerging economy

ABSTRACT In this study, we researched the relationship between international diversification and performance in family firms in an emerging economy. Likewise, from the perspective of the governance structure, we investigated non-linear relationships between business group membership, concentration of ownership as well as pyramid ownership with the performance of internationally diversified family firms. Considering a sample of 83 companies that have been listed on the Santiago de Chile Stock Exchange during the period between 2003 and 2013, we find an inverted U relationship between international diversification and performance; a U relationship between international diversification and performance in family firms; an inverted U relationship between the performance of internationalised family firms and affiliation to a business group; a U relationship between the performance of internationalised family firms and concentration of ownership; and a non-linear relationship in the inverted U form between the performance of internationalised family firms and high divergence between control and cash flow rights and U in the case of low divergence.
Internal Audit Function Quality and Audit Committees’ Practices: Survey Evidence from Jordan

The current study examines the extent to which audit committees comply with the requirements of corporate governance in Jordan and describes the current status of internal audit function. In addition, the study examines empirically the relationship between the internal audit quality and the compliance of audit committees with the governance requirements. The results from 49 respondents indicate that audit committees comply with the requirement of corporate governance and no significant difference is found in such compliance due to sector. In addition, the internal audit quality attributes are met among Jordanian companies to a considerable extent. Further, the independence and objectivity dimension of internal audit quality has a positive and significant relationship with the compliance of audit committees with governance requirements. Internal audit competence and due professional care have no significant relationship with audit committees compliance. One important implication of the current study is the development of a scale to measure the compliance level of audit committees with the governance requirements that can be used by both academics and decision-makers in firms.
Developing a scale to assess post-primary educators’ attitudes with regard to the promotion of student wellbeing

Over the last number of years, there has been an increased move towards attending to the social and emotional wellbeing of students in Irish post-primary schools. Several studies have indicated that educators’ positive attitudes toward health and wellbeing education are crucial to achieving whole-school implementation in terms of the promotion of student wellbeing. However, as of yet, no test instrument exists that is designed to quantify the attitudes of educators in this regard. This study aimed to develop a test instrument that could be used to assess educators’ attitudes with regard to the promotion of student wellbeing in Irish post-primary schools. The study was conducted in three stages: Content validity, involving seven experts and 14 educators; exploratory factor analysis (n = 129), and; confirmatory factor analysis (n = 99). Analyses indicated the viability of a 10-item two-factor model, which was named the ‘Attitudes Toward Wellbeing Promotion’ (ATWP) scale.
Invasive Phragmites provides superior wave and surge damage protection relative to native plants during storms

Phragmites marshes, which are found in every continent except in Antarctica, are being removed by resource managers in the US because it is considered an invasive species with little ecosystem service value. Here we present a comprehensive study on the ecosystem service value of an invasive Phragmites marsh vs a native Typha marsh for flood protection during tropical cyclones. Using a vegetation-resolving three-dimensional surge-wave model and observed vegetation and building data, we assessed the value of the Piermont Marsh in buffering Piermont Village, New York, USA from wave, flood, and structural damage during Superstorm Sandy in October 2012. Observed and simulated wind and water level data along the Hudson River were used as boundary conditions. Model results showed that the Marsh, with predominantly invasive Phragmites australis, dissipated more than half of the wave energy, but negligible flood, at the Village during Sandy. River-borne debris could not be transported across the Marsh to the Village. If Phragmites were replaced with the shorter, native cattail, Typha angustifolia, simulations of Sandy suggested that Piermont Marsh’s wave and debris buffering capacity would be preserved. However, had Sandy occurred in non-growth season when Typha is much shorter and sparser, the Marsh would be unable to buffer the wave and debris. Simulated residential structure damage during Sandy (>$10 M) agreed well with reported losses. If the Marsh were absent, the total loss would have increased by 26%. Since damage is dependent on the storm characteristics, we estimated the protective value of the Phragmites marsh for a 1% annual chance flood and wave event to be more than $2 M. This confirms the significant value of Piermont Marsh in protecting Piermont Village from flood and wave damage. To develop a balanced restoration plan, marsh managers should consider biodiversity as well as the significant ecosystem service value of Phragmites-dominated marsh for flood protection.
Distribution of different inorganic forms of arsenic in selected arsenic affected soils of the Bengal Delta Basin

Inorganic soil arsenic (As) fractions from three representative arsenic affected surface soils of West Bengal, collected from Ambikanagar, Chakia, lajpur (Block-Deganga, District-North 24-Parganas) as well as the control site at Gayespur (Block-Chakdah, District-Nadia), were fractionated into different soil arsenic pools by following the sequential extraction methodology. These soils were also subjected to extraction of As by using several individual extracts in order to adjudge their efficacy in extracting soil arsenic fractions. The findings suggested that the inorganic fractions of soil arsenic were in the order of Ws-As < Al-As < Ca-As < Fe-As. The Fe-As contributed 44.7% to 74.7% towards arsenic sequential sum. Soils of Iajpur had the highest sum of As fractions followed by those from Ambikanagar and Chakia. As regards the individual extractants used, the efficacy of the latter In extracting soil arsenic fell in the order, (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 CH 3 COONH 4 < Na 2 CO 3 < NaHO 3 < NaOH - NH 4 F < HCl + H 2 SO 4 < KH 2 PO 4 < HCI < H 2 SO 4 . Among these extractants used, 0.5 N H 2 SO 4 (pH 0.9) proved superior to others in releasing acidic and alkaline cation-bound arsenic in soils, whereas the 0.1 N NaOH (pH 13.0) also showed promise in releasing arsenic bound by the sesquioxides of the given soils, in agreement with the findings from the sequential extraction scheme followed In these soils. A careful perusal of these results suggested that iron components played dominant role in facilitating accumulation of arsenic in these soils.
Determination of Dose–Response Relationship to Derive Odor Impact Criteria for a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) inside cities have been the major complained sources of odor pollution in China, whereas there is little knowledge about the dose–response relationship to describe the resident complaints caused by odor exposure. This study explored a dose–response relationship between the modelled exposure and the annoyance surveyed by questionnaires. Firstly, the time series of odor concentrations were preliminarily simulated by a dispersion model. Secondly, the perception-related odor exposures were further calculated by combining with the peak to mean factors (constant value 4 (Germany) and 2.3 (Italy)), different time periods of “a whole year”, “summer”, and “nighttime of summer”, and two approaches of odor impact criterion (OIC) (“odor-hour” and “odor concentration”). Thirdly, binomial logistic regression models were used to compare kinds of perception-related odor exposures and odor annoyance by odds ratio, goodness of fit and predictive ability. All perception-related odor exposures were positively associated with odor annoyance. The best goodness of fit was found when using “nighttime of summer” in predicting odor-annoyance responses, which highlights the importance of the time of the day and the time of the year weighting. The best predictive performance for odor perception was determined when the OIC was 4 ou/m3 at the 99th percentile for the odor exposure over time periods of nighttime of summer. The study of dose–response relationship could be useful for the odor management and control of WWTP to maximize the satisfaction of air quality for the residents inside city.
Moisture Sorption Characteristics as Influenced by Application of Hurdles in Dambu-nama Production

Moisture transfer characteristics of dambu-nama (DN) as influenced by addition of citric acid, salt and sugar as hurdles were investigated. Four products comprising DN with 0.1% citric acid + 2% salt and 2% sugar (DNC0.1); DN+ 0.2% citric + 2% salt + 2% sugar (DNC0.2); DN + 0.3% citric acid +2% salt + 2% sugar (DNC0.3) and a control DN without citric acid , salt or sugar (DNC0) were produced and subjected to moisture sorption studies at different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60 o C) and relative humidities of(10-96%). Incorporation of the hurdles into dambu-nama resulted in increase in monolayer moisture contents, surface areas, net isoteric heats and entropy of sorption. The isotherms obtained were best described by the Henderson model followed by the GAB and Oswin models. The hurdles also resulted to a J-shaped isotherm instead of the sigmoidal isotherm shape.