Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title: TITLE: “From Lauren’s diffuse gastric cancer to WHO’s poorly cohesive carcinoma.” Clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics Authors:

Introduction: since Lauren classified gastric cancer into intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and diffuse gastric carcinoma back in 1965, countless categorizations have been published that attempt to elucidate the clinicopathological and prognostic differences between histological subtypes. Objective: a retrospective study was performed of gastric cancer cases managed in a third-level site over ten years in order to compare subtypes between the most widely used classifications (Lauren and World Health Organization [WHO]). Methods: a comparative study of the most relevant clinicopathological characteristics and a multivariate survival analysis were performed. Results: significant differences exist between histological subtypes in terms of age, gender, location, extension, stage and treatment received. A univariate overall survival analysis revealed better survival rates for intestinal-type adenocarcinoma as compared to diffuse carcinoma (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.405 [1.024-1.927]) according to the Lauren’s classification. Furthermore, there was a better prognosis of mucinous carcinoma (HR: 0.378 [0.164-0.868]), though failing to prove a poorer prognosis of poorly cohesive (HR: 1.242 [0.878-1.757]) and signet cell (HR: 1.354 [0.792-2.314]) carcinomas, according to the WHO classification. In the multivariate overall survival analysis, the following poor prognosis factors were identified: male gender, local infiltration (T), nodal invasion (N) and received adjuvant therapy. Discussion: although the various histological subtypes show significant clinicopathological differences, further studies are needed to compare them and clarify the prognostic relevance of each one.
Transition metal complexes with a new tridentate ligand, 5-[6-(5-mercapto- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol

A new ligand 5-6-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl-1,3,4-oxa- diazole-2-thiol (L) and its Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes were synthesized. The authenticity of the ligand and its transition metal complexes were established by elemental analyses, conductance and magnetic susceptibility mea- surements, as well as spectroscopic (IR, 1 H- and 13 C-NMR, electronic, mass, ESR) and thermal studies. The IR and 1 H-NMR spectral studies revealed the existence of the ligand in the thiol form in the solid state, whereas in the thione form in the dis- solved state. The magnetic and electronic spectral studies suggest an octahedral ge- ometry for all the complexes. The ligand acts as a tridentate ligand coordinating through the pyridine nitrogen and the nitrogen atoms (N-3' and N-3'') of the two oxadiazole rings. Antimicrobial screening of the ligand and its metal complexes were determined against the bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus cirroflagellosus, as well as against the fungi, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.
Relative Importance of the Operating Conditions Involved in the Formation of Nanoparticles of Ampicillin by Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation

A screening design of experiments has been applied to the supercritical antisolvent precipitation of ampicillin (APC) using carbon dioxide (CO2) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as antisolvent and solvent, respectively. The proposed design of experiment (DOE) is useful for identifying the key factors involved in the SAS process in just a few runs at an early stage of experimentation. Seven factors were studied, and two levels were assigned to each. A fractional factorial design with 27-4 experiments plus two additional runs to calculate the accuracy of the estimates was used. The mean particle size (PS) and particle size distribution (PSD) of the processed ampicillin were chosen as responses to evaluate the process performance. Within the range of operating conditions investigated, concentration, temperature, and nozzle diameter proved to be the key factors having the greatest effect on both PS and PSD and, thus, the most important factors for controlling the formation of submicrometer particles of ampicilli.
Soil Budget, Net Export, and Potential Sinks of Nitrogen in the Lower Oglio River Watershed (Northern Italy)

A nitrogen mass balance, realized for the lower Oglio River basin (Po River Plain, northern Italy), suggested an elevated impact of agricultural activities in this watershed. Livestock manure, synthetic fertilizers, biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater sludge contributed 51, 34, 12, 2, and 1% of total N (TN) input, respectively (basin average 450 kg N ha−1 arable land (AL) year−1, overall input 100 115 t N year−1). Crop uptake, ammonia volatilization and denitrification in soils contributed 65, 21, and 14%, respectively, of TN output (basin average 270 kg N ha−1 AL year−1, overall output 60 060 t N year−1). N inputs exceeded outputs by 40 056 t N year−1, resulting in a basin average surplus of about 180 kg N ha−1 AL year−1. About 34% of the N surplus was exported annually from the basin while the remaining amount (about 26 800 t N year−1) underwent other unaccounted for processes within the watershed. The relevance of nitrogen removal via denitrification in aquatic compartments within the watershed was evaluated. Denitrification in the secondary drainage network can represent a relevant nitrogen sink due to great linear extension (over 12 500 km), with estimated nitrogen loss up to 8500 t N year−1. Denitrification in the riverbed and in perifluvial wetlands have the potential to remove only a small fraction of the nitrogen surplus (<3%). Evidence suggests the relevance of groundwater as a site of nitrogen accumulation.
Effect of 17β‐oestradiol on contraction, Ca2+ current and intracellular free Ca2+ in guinea‐pig isolated cardiac myocytes

1 The effect of 17β‐oestradiol on cardiac cell contraction, inward Ca2+ current and intracellular free Ca2+ ([free Ca2+]i) was investigated in guinea‐pig single, isolated ventricular myocytes. The changes of cell length were measured by use of a photodiode array, the voltage‐clamp experiments were performed with a switch clamp system and [free Ca2+]i was measured with the Ca2+ indicator, Fura‐2. 2 17β‐Oestradiol (10, 30 μm) caused a decrease in cell shortening at both 22 and 35°C. This negative inotropic effect was accompanied by a decrease in action potential duration mainly brought about by a shortening of the plateau region of the action potential. 17β‐Oestradiol (10, 30 μm) induced a similar decrease in cell shortening in voltage‐clamped and current‐clamped cells. 3 In Fura‐2 loaded cells, 17β‐oestradiol (10 and 30 μm) decreased systolic Fura‐2 fluorescence to 72 ± 7% and 47 ± 4% (n = 6, P < 0.001) of control respectively. 17β‐Oestradiol (10 μm) had no significant effect on diastolic Fura‐2 fluorescence, but at higher concentration (30 μm) induced a slight decrease in resting Fura‐2 fluorescence. The effect of 17β‐oestradiol was reversible after 1–2 min of washout of the steroid. 4 17β‐Oestradiol (10 and 30 μm) decreased the peak inward Ca2+ current (ICa), which was sensitive to [Ca2+]o, dihydropyridines and isoprenaline, to 59 ± 3% and 39 ± 5% (n = 7∼9, P < 0.01) respectively, without producing any significant change in the shape of the current‐voltage relationship. 5 The recovery time of ICa from inactivation was delayed by 17β‐oestradiol (10 μm). The inhibitory effect of 17β‐oestradiol on ICa was less at a holding potential of −80 mV than at −40mV. 6 We conclude that 17β‐oestradiol has a negative inotropic effect on guinea‐pig single ventricular myocytes by inhibiting ICa and so reducing systolic [Ca2+]i. 17β‐Oestradiol may therefore have a Ca2+ channel blocking property in guinea‐pig isolated ventricular myocytes.
Experimental Study of a Dual Reflux Enriching Pressure Swing Adsorption Process for Concentrating Dilute Feed Streams

A dual reflux (DR) enriching pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process with two beds and an intermediate feed located at z/L = 0.5 was studied experimentally for concentrating a dilute feed of ethane in N2 using MeadWestvaco BAX-1500 activated carbon. A five-step cycle was used with feed, light reflux, and heavy reflux steps carried out simultaneously, and cocurrent depressurization and heavy product pressurization steps carried out simultaneously during different segments of the cycle. A parametric study showed that the light reflux flow rate, feed/heavy reflux step time, heavy product flow rate, and ethane feed mole fraction all had significant effects on the process performance in terms of purity and recovery. It also showed that it was relatively easy to concentrate ethane using a pressure ratio of only 7. The average of 19 runs with an ethane feed concentration of 1.38 vol % gave an ethane enrichment of 45.8 (63.2 vol %) and ethane recovery of 84%, while producing N2 at high purity (99.8 vol %) and rec.
Phenolic composition of virgin olive oils from cross breeding segregating populations

The evaluation and characterization of segregating populations is a critical step in olive breeding programs. In this work, phenolic profiles of virgin olive oils (VOOs) from segregating populations obtained by cross breeding in Cordoba (Spain) have been evaluated. Genotypes obtained from open pollination of the cultivar Manzanilla de Sevilla, and from crosses between the cultivars Arbequina × Arbosana, Picual × Koroneiki and Sikitita × Arbosana were tested. The phenolic composition was determined after liquid–liquid extraction with 60:40 v/v methanol–water and subsequent chromatographic analysis with ultraviolet (UV) detection of both absorption and fluorescence in a sequential configuration. Results for all studied compounds showed high degree of variability between genotypes, with a higher range of variation than the observed for the genitors. Most of the observed variability was attributable to differences in genotypes within crosses rather than among crosses. Some issues related to breeding strategies are discussed. Practical applications: Phenolic compounds are considered to be of paramount importance for the assessment of virgin olive oil quality due to their contribution to the nutraceutical and sensory profile of this natural food. This study focuses on the evaluation of the content of phenolic compounds in olive oils originated from cross breeding in an olive breeding program (Cordoba, Spain). This step is crucial to determine the range of variation of phenolic compounds and the selection of interesting genotypes with higher composition in total phenols or in an individual phenol targeted at a breeding program.
CONVECTION IN COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS OF SOLID PARTICLES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE AND THE PARTICULATE MEDIUM MODELS

The convection process in colloidal suspensions of solid particles is usually investigated by adopting either a homogeneous binary mixture (HM) or a particulate medium (PM) model. The present study aims only at comparing the instability threshold conditions for the onset of convection in the particle-dominated regime obtained through these two models. We consider a colloidal suspension of solid particles in a Rayleigh-Bénard set up. A PM model is adopted which accounts for the effects of thermophoresis, sedimentation, and Brownian diffusion. We assume that the suspension layer is subjected to a vertical temperature gradient that is not thermally destabilizing as in the case of negligibly small coefficient of thermal expansion. Thus, we consider the idealized situation wherein the thermally induced buoyancy is absent and the focus is solely on the particle-dominated convection regime. We show that the coupled effects of thermo-migration, sedimentation, and Brownian diffusion give rise to a weak convection regime that sets in on the long particle diffusion time scale. A small wave number expansion is undertaken to determine the stability threshold conditions. When contrasted with those obtained through the HM model, the latter are found to have the same functional dependence on parameters as those describing the onset of Soret-driven convection for the case of a positive and large separation ratio. However, we show that a PM model, unlike the HM model, yields stability threshold conditions that can be mapped to corresponding experimental parameters such as the size of the particles and of the fluid cell.
Field Evaluation of Sampling Bias with Plastic Petri Dishes for Size-Fractionated Bioaerosol Sampling

Reusable glass dishes are recommended for use with the six-stage viable impactor for size-fractionated bioaerosol sampling. However, it is not convenient to use glass dishes because they are fragile and heavy, not to mention the time-consuming preparation process prior to bioaerosol sampling. On the other hand, disposable plastic dishes have been widely used in microbiology laboratories. However, plastic materials can retain electrostatic charges and may lead to sampling bias. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sampling bias with the use of plastic dishes when a multistage viable impactor is used for airborne fungi and bacteria sampling for field sampling. Two six-stage viable impactors were placed side-by-side 1 m apart in a 147-m3 room. One was used with plastic dishes and the other with glass dishes. Compared with the concentration data obtained with glass dishes, those collected with the plastic dishes demonstrated a significant difference for both fungi and bacteria. However, there was a strong correlation between the data obtained using glass and plastic dishes, which can be estimated by Cplastic = 0.88 Cglass for airborne fungi and Cplastic = 0.86 Cglass for airborne bacteria. When using plastic dishes fungi and bacteria counts were underestimated by 12% and 14%, respectively. Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
Quantitative determination of vermiculite by a rubidium fixation method

A rubidium-fixation method for the quantitative determination of vermiculite is described. The results obtained by this procedure were similar to, but more precise than, the results obtained by the conventional cation exchange procedures. The exchangeable Rb of a Rb-saturated and heated sample is replaced by NH 4 and the remaining fixed Rb is determined directly by dissolving the sample. The vermiculite content is calculated from the fixed Rb content. (.)
Componentes de produção, produtividade e eficiência da irrigação do feijão-caupi no cerrado de Roraima

The objective of this study was to evaluate the components of production, productivity and irrigation efficiency of cowpea under irrigation in the 'Cerrado' of Roraima. The experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm 'Agua Boa'-EMBRAPA Roraima in cultivation on straw under irrigation by sprinkler from February to April and from September to November 2012. Five irrigation levels (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150% of the reference evapotranspiration - ETo) and three cowpea cultivars: (Guariba BRS, Novaera BRS and Pajeu BRS) were tested. The depths of irrigation established were based on fractions of the daily ETo (Pan Class A). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with treatments arranged in bands, split-plot, and five replications. The variables evaluated were: number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of hundred grains, dry grain yield and efficiency of water use. It was observed that the variables of BRS Pajeu were not affected by treatments. Novaera BRS and BRS Guariba had the highest grain yield, 1275.19 and 1504.98 kg ha-1, respectively, with irrigation depths equivalent to 74.3 and 94.02% of ETo. The maximum irrigation efficiency was obtained with 30% ETo for all three cultivars.
Productivity of clay tailings from phosphate mining: I. Biomass crops.

Phosphatic clay is a waste product from the Florida phosphate mining industry presently totaling 41 000 ha. These clays contain no phytotoxic materials, are high in most plant nutrients, and ²²⁶Ra and average about 460 g moisture per kilogram. A split-plot field experiment was conducted to study forage and grain yield, forage quality, plant nutrient concentrations, changes in soil nutrients, and ²²⁶Ra contents of four grain crops in various rotations. The crop rotations (i) corn (Zea mays L. ‘Jacques 247’)-sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ‘Cargill 205’), (ii) sunflower-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench ‘Northrup King Savanna 5’), (iii) soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. ‘Williams 80’)-grain sorghum, and (iv) grain sorghum-soybean ‘University of Florida V-1’) were grown on a dry phosphatic clay with and without a 50-mm surface layer of quartzsand tailings. Nitrogen was the only fertilizer element applied. Results show that corn and grain sorghum produced highest (P < 0.05) forage yields (15.7 and 13.4 Mg ha–¹) and highest grain yields (8955 and 4302 kg ha–¹) per harvest, respectively. Soybean harvested for forage (Crop 1) contained the highest crude protein (217 g kg–¹) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (736 g kg–¹). Concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe in most of the forages were adequate for the diets of beef cattle (Bos taunts), while those of Mn, Cu, and Zn were low. Mehlich I-extractable soil P (1601 mg kg–¹), Ca (4696 mg kg–¹), and Mg (1173 mg kg–¹) were considered very high and changed little over the 4-yr production period. Application of 50 mm of sand tailings tended to increase (P < 0.05) Mehlich I-extractable P, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe. Radium-226 concentration in the forage of all grain crops averaged 8.5 Bq kg–¹, which was about 17 times higher than that in the grain (0.4958 Bq kg–¹) of the same crops. Concentrations of ²²⁶Ra in the forage (8.288 Bq kg–¹) and grain (0.6771 Bq kg–¹) were 1.1% and 0.09% of the concentration in clay (761 Bq kg–¹) respectively. These data indicate that phosphatic clays can be a valuable resource for the production of corn and sorghum grain that contain low concentrations of ²²⁶Ra. Contribution from the Univ. of Florida, Inst. Food and Agric. Sci. Florida Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Series no. R-00847.
A Series of Transition Metal Bis(dicyanobenzenedithiolate) Complexes [M(dcbdt)2] (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au and Zn)

A series of new M[(dcbdt)2]−z complexes of the dicyanobenzodithiolate (dcbdt) ligand with a range of transition metals (M = Co, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au and Zn) in different oxidation states (z = 0.4, 1, 2) were prepared as their nBu4N salts and characterised by X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, EPR and static magnetic susceptibility. Their properties are discussed in comparison with the Ni and Fe analogues described by us recently. The structures of these complexes belong to four distinct groups: i) the ZnII compound 10 is triclinic P with the metal in a tetrahedral coordination geometry; ii) other MII complexes [M = Pt (8), Pd (7), Co (3) and Cu (5)] are monoclinic C2/m, and are isostructural with the NiII analogue, presenting a perfectly planar square geometry; iii) the CoIII compound 4 is triclinic P , and isostructural with the Fe and Ni analogues, with a strong dimerisation of the M(dcbdt)2 units and the metal in a square-pyramidal coordination geometry; iv) the MIII salts with M = Au (2), Cu (6) and Pt (9) are monoclinic P21/c and the complexes are arranged as pseudo-dimers. The EPR and static magnetic-susceptibility measurements show that the CoII (3), CuII (5), PtIII (9) and CoIII (4) complexes are paramagnetic corresponding to an S = 1/2 state, except for CoIII, which is in a high-spin S = 1 configuration. The solid state EPR spectra of the CoII compound presents a hyperfine structure typical of the I = 7/2 59Co. The temperature dependence of the paramagnetic susceptibility of the PtIII compound follows a singlet-triplet model with a dimer antiferromagnetic coupling, J, of 984 K. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Asymptotic analysis of lubricated heavily loaded point contacts

The paper is devoted to the development of an asymptotic approach to solution of the steady isothermal problem of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) for heavily loaded point contacts. It is shown that the whole contact region can be subdivided into three subregions: the central one that is adjacent to the other two regions occupied by the ends of the horseshoe‐shaped pressure/gap distribution zone. The central region, in turn, can be subdivided into the Hertzian region and its adjacent inlet and exit zones that, in turn, are adjacent to the inlet and exit boundaries of the contact, respectively. Moreover, in the central region, in the inlet and exit zones of heavily loaded point EHL contact, the EHL problem can be reduced to asymptotically valid equations identical to the ones obtained in the inlet and exit zones of heavily loaded line EHL contacts. The latter means that many of the well‐known properties of heavily loaded line EHL contacts are also valid for heavily loaded point EHL contacts. These asymptotically valid equations can be analysed and numerically solved based on the stable methods using a specific regularisation approach that were developed for lubricated line contacts. Cases of pre‐critical and over‐critical lubrication regimes are considered. The by‐product of this asymptotic analysis is an easy analytical derivation of formulas for the lubrication film thickness for pre‐critical and over‐critical lubrication regimes. The method is validated by the results of some experimental and numerical studies published by a number of researches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An in vitro rainbow trout cell bioassay for aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐mediated toxins

Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) and other chemicals that act as aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (AhR) agonists cause a variety of toxic effects. In sac fry of many fish species, these effects include blue‐sac disease and mortality. Because HAHs occur in complex mixtures, their toxicity in the environment is difficult to predict. A bioassay useful in predicting AhR‐mediated toxicity to fish was developed using the RTH‐149 rainbow trout hepatoma cell line. Stable transfection of this cell line with the pGudLuc1.1 plasmid, which contains a firefly luciferase reporter gene under the transcriptional regulation of dioxin responsive enhancers, has produced a recombinant cell line designated Remodulated Lightning Trout (RLT 2.0). The RLT 2.0 bioassay method detection limit for 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) is 4 pM. The responses of the RLT 2.0 bioassay to TCDD and several HAH congeners closely matched the responses observed in vivo in fish. The RLT 2.0 bioassay can provide an integrative measure of the total AhR‐mediated toxic activity of complex mixtures to fish. The assay will be useful in screening environmental extracts, guiding chemical analysis, and interpreting the AhR‐mediated mechanism of toxicity.
Chemical Characterisation of NIST Silicate Glass Certified Reference Material SRM 610 by ICP‐MS, TIMS, LIMS, SSMS, INAA, AAS and PIXE

National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) silicate glass SRM 610 is widely used as a certified reference material for various micro-analytical techniques such as SIMS or laser ablation ICP-MS. SRM 610 has been nominally doped with sixty one trace elements at the 500 μg g−1 level, but certified concentration data exist for only a few of these elements. This study reports concentration data for fifty nine trace elements obtained by ICP-MS, SSMS, LIMS, TIMS, INAA, AAS, and PIXE analyses of two different SRM 610 wafers. Most elements fall within a 10% band around a median value of about 440 μg g−1. The REE concentrations are shown to be constant to 3% (1 σ), thus emphasizing the value of SRM 610 as a reference material for REE analyses. Comparison of our values with published data suggests that different SRM 610 wafers are, within errors, chemically identical for most elements. Exceptions to this general rule appear to be restricted to elements which were partly lost during the production of the glass, e.g. Ag and Br. On the basis of six independent determinations of Rb concentrations, which are systematically lower by a few percent than the reported NIST value, we argue that the certified Rb concentration may not be representative for all distributed SRM 610 wafers.