Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EuLerian Identification of ascending Air Streams (ELIAS 2.0) in Numerical Weather Prediction and Climate Models. Part I: Development of deep learning model

Abstract. Physical processes on the synoptic scale are important modulators of the large-scale extratropical circulation. In particular, rapidly ascending air streams in extratropical cyclones, so-called warm conveyor belts (WCBs), modulate the upper-tropospheric Rossby wave pattern and are sources and magnifiers of forecast uncertainty. Thus, from a process-oriented perspective, numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models should adequately represent WCBs. The identification of WCBs usually involves Lagrangian air parcel trajectories that ascend from the lower to the upper troposphere within two days. This requires numerical data with high spatial and temporal resolution which is often not available from standard output and requires expensive computations. This study introduces a novel framework that aims to predict the footprints of the WCB inflow, ascent, and outflow stages over the Northern Hemisphere from instantaneous gridded fields using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). With its comparably low computational costs and relying on standard model output alone the new diagnostic enables the systematic investigation of WCBs in large data sets such as ensemble reforecast or climate model projections which are mostly not suited for trajectory calculations. Building on the insights from a logistic regression approach of a previous study, the CNNs are trained using a combination of meteorological parameters as predictors and trajectory-based WCB footprints as predictands. Validation of the networks against the trajectory-based data set confirms that the CNN models reliably replicate the climatological frequency of WCBs as well as their footprints at instantaneous time steps. The CNN models significantly outperform previously developed logistic regression models. Including time-lagged information on the occurrence of WCB ascent as a predictor for the inflow and outflow stages further improves the models' skill considerably. A companion study demonstrates versatile applications of the CNNs in different data sets including the verification of WCBs in ensemble forecasts. Overall, the diagnostic demonstrates how deep learning methods may be used to investigate the representation of weather systems and of their related processes in NWP and climate models in order to shed light on forecast uncertainty and systematic biases from a process-oriented perspective.
WATS-SMS: A T5-Based French Wikipedia Abstractive Text Summarizer for SMS

Text summarization remains a challenging task in the Natural Language Processing field despite the plethora of applications in enterprises and daily life. One of the common use cases is the summarization of web pages which has the potential to provide an overview of web pages to devices with limited features. In fact, despite the increasing penetration rate of mobile devices in rural areas, the bulk of those devices offer limited features in addition to the fact that these areas are covered with limited connectivity such as the GSM network. Summarizing web pages into SMS becomes, therefore, an important task to provide information to limited devices. This work introduces WATS-SMS, a T5-based French Wikipedia Abstractive Text Summarizer for SMS. It is built through a transfer learning approach. The T5 English pre-trained model is used to generate a French text summarization model by retraining the model on 25,000 Wikipedia pages then compared with different approaches in the literature. The objective is twofold: (1) to check the assumption made in the literature that abstractive models provide better results compared to extractive ones; and (2) to evaluate the performance of our model compared to other existing abstractive models. A score based on ROUGE metrics gave us a value of 52% for articles with length up to 500 characters against 34.2% for transformer-ED and 12.7% for seq-2seq-attention; and a value of 77% for articles with larger size against 37% for transformers-DMCA. Moreover, an architecture including a software SMS-gateway has been developed to allow owners of mobile devices with limited features to send requests and to receive summaries through the GSM network.
Competence in environmental ethics in the risk management in agroecosystems

Vakleva, Z. & Georgieva, J. (2021). Competence in environmental ethics in the risk management in agroecosystems. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 27 (Suppl. 1), 55–60 Environmental Ethics (EE) provides an ethical approach in the study of environmental risks in the agroecosystems. As a disciplinary field in the universities, environmental ethics ensures scientific quality in the students’ preparation. In the present research: · we offer reflections on the ethical approach in the agricultural sciences; · we present the environmental ethics as a trend in the education and research for students and PhD students regarding the risks in the development of the agroecosystems; · we interpret the possibilities for applying an ethical approach in problem solving for the risks in the development of the agroecosystems. In this article, we will address the opportunities for integrating environmental ethics and the ethical approach in solving problems concerning climate change, food resources guarantee, biodiversity, quality of agricultural products and others. The study shows that the development of competence in environmental ethics has a positive effect in the study of risks in the agrosystems. Our study contains three main contributions: · it contributes to the enhancement of the environmental education on the possibilities for regulating the relationship between people and the environment with the benefits of EE; · it offers tools for solving environmental problems based on EE; · it considers opportunities for expanding the influence of EE for the formation of competence in EE as an integral part of the development of coordinated skills in the biology and agricultural sciences students.
Sensitive Mid-IR Laser Sensor Development and Mass Spectrometric Measurements in Shock Tube and Flames

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 7 LIST OF FIGURES . 10 LIST OF TABLES . 14 1. Chapter 1: Introduction . 15 1.1 Background and Motivation . 15 1.2 Overview of the Dissertation . 18 2. Chapter 2: CRDS Measurements in a Static Cell . 22 2.
DDDT_A_209636 3693..3704

Chuanliang Zhao 1–3 Xin Zhou Jie Qiu Danqing Xin Tingting Li Xili Chu Hongtao Yuan Haifeng Wang Zhen Wang Dachuan Wang 1Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthopedic, Feicheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Feicheng, Shandong, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a relatively common, devastating traumatic condition resulting in permanent disability. In this study, the use of exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-Exo) as a cell-free therapy for the treatment of SCI in rats was investigated to gain insights into their mechanisms of action. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups, Sham (treated with PBS), SCI (SCI injury + PBS) and SCI + Exo (SCI injury + BMSCs-Exo). Changes in the complement system between the three groups were assessed with the use of proteomics. The proteomic data were verified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, the distributions of BMSCs-Exo in rats with SCI were detected by immunofluorescence. Moreover, SCI-activated NF-κB levels were determined using Western blot. Results: SCI insult increased complement levels, including C4, C5, C6, C4 binding protein alpha and complement factor H. In contrast, the SCI + BMSCs-Exo group exhibited attenuated SCI-induced complement levels. Immunofluorescence assay results revealed that BMSCs-Exo mainly accumulated at the spinal cord injury site and were bound to microglia cells. Western blot analysis of tissue lysates showed that BMSCs-Exo treatment also inhibited SCI-activated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Conclusion: BMSCs-Exo play a protective role in spinal cord injury by inhibiting complement mRNA synthesis and release and by inhibiting SCI-activated NF-κB by binding to microglia.
Providing explanations shifts preschoolers’ metaphor preferences

In order to learn from metaphors, children must not only be able to understand metaphors, but also appreciate their relative informativeness. Although functional metaphors based on abstract commonalities (e.g. “Eyes are windows”) allow for more learning than perceptual metaphors based on superficial commonalities (e.g. “Eyes are buttons”), previous research shows that preschoolers prefer perceptual metaphors over functional metaphors. In the present studies, we ask whether providing additional context can shift metaphor preferences in preschoolers and adults. Experiment 1 finds that pedagogical context increases preferences for functional metaphors in adults, but not preschoolers. Experiment 2 finds that providing explanations for conceptual similarities in a metaphor increases preschoolers’ preferences for functional metaphors. These findings suggest that providing explanations allows even preschoolers to appreciate the informativeness of functional
Investigating Carbonaceous Aerosol and Its Absorption Properties From Fires in the Western United States (WE‐CAN) and Southern Africa (ORACLES and CLARIFY)

Biomass burning (BB) produces large quantities of carbonaceous aerosol (black carbon and organic aerosol, BC and OA, respectively), which significantly degrade air quality and impact climate. BC absorbs radiation, warming the atmosphere, while OA typically scatters radiation, leading to cooling. However, some OA, termed brown carbon (BrC), also absorbs visible and near UV radiation; although, its properties are not well constrained. We explore three aircraft campaigns from important BB regions with different dominant fuel and fire types (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen [WE‐CAN] in the western United States and ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS and Cloud‐Aerosol‐Radiation Interactions and Forcing for Year downwind of southern Africa) and compare them with simulations from the global chemical transport model, GEOS‐Chem using GFED4s. The model generally captures the observed vertical profiles of carbonaceous BB aerosol concentrations; however, we find that BB BC emissions are underestimated in southern Africa. Our comparisons suggest that BC and/or BrC absorption is substantially higher downwind of Africa than in the western United States and, while the Saleh et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2220) and FIREX parameterizations based on the BC:OA ratio improve model‐observation agreement in some regions, they do not sufficiently differentiate absorption characteristics at short wavelengths. We find that photochemical whitening substantially decreases the burden and direct radiative effect of BrC (annual mean of +0.29 W m−2 without whitening and +0.08 W m−2 with). Our comparisons suggest that whitening is required to explain WE‐CAN observations; however, the importance of whitening for African fires cannot be confirmed. Qualitative comparisons with the OMI UV aerosol index suggest our standard BrC whitening scheme may be too fast over Africa.
On the possibility of a 1000 km long subglacial river or wet sediment flow under the north Greenland ice sheet

Does a long subglacial river, or wet sediment flow, with a source at a known area of basal melting deep in the interior of the Greenland ice sheet, reach the sea at the Petermann Glacier grounding line? Basal topographic data shows a segmented valley extending from Petermann Fjord into the centre of Greenland, however the locations of radar scan lines, used to create the bedrock topography data, indicate that valley discontinuity is due to data interpolation. Therefore, simulations where the valley is opened are used to investigate its effects on basal water movement and distribution. The simulations indicate that the 5 opening of this valley can result in an uninterrupted water pathway from the interior to Petermann Fjord. Along its length, the path of the valley progresses gradually down an ice surface slope causing a lowering of ice overburden pressure that could enable water and sediment flow along its path. The fact that the valley base appears to be relatively flat and follows a path near the interior ice divide that roughly intersects the east and west basal hydrological basins, is presented as evidence that its present day form may have developed in conjunction with an overlying ice sheet. Experiments where basal melting is increased 10 solely within the deep interior near a known large area of basal melting, result in an increase in the flux of water northwards along the entire valley. The results are consistent with a present day active long subglacial river system, however considerable uncertainty remains over aspects such as whether adequate water is available at the bed, whether water escapes from the valley or is refrozen, and over what form a hydrological or wet sediment conduit could take along the valley base.
How do practically trained (student) caregivers in nursing homes learn? A scoping review

Background and objective: Practically trained (student) caregivers (further: caregivers) make up the majority of care staff in nursing homes (NHs). To keep up with the fast-changing healthcare environment and ensure a high quality of care, it is important to know how to stimulate continuous work-based learning (WBL) among this group. The purpose of the study was to systematically study the scientific literature published to date on (1) how caregivers learn in NHs and (2) what facilitates or impedes their learning.Methods: A scoping review was carried out, systematically searching six scientific databases. A total of 35 studies published from January 2009 to February 2021 were included. Study characteristics, learning mechanisms, facilitators, and barriers to learning were extracted and synthesized.Results: None of the studies specifically focused on how caregivers learn. Yet, we identified various learning mechanisms, and found that learning by theory or supervision was most frequently engaged in. Most learning mechanisms used among the groups in the included studies were planned and formal and developed and initiated by others out of the context. Three main themes were identified among the facilitators and barriers of WBL: individual learning, collective learning, and resources for learning. An interdependency between (sub)themes was found.Conclusions: The way caregivers in NHs learn is understudied. Moreover, both their informal learning and the support they receive to be(come) active learners has been overlooked. As WBL provides caregivers with opportunities to learn within a real-life setting, we suggest more research on informal learning mechanisms.
2 Can University Connections of Independent Directors 3 Improve Firm Performance ? Evidence of Chinese Listed 4 Manufacturing Companies Over 2008-2013 5 6

7 The paper investigates the effect of the university connections of independent directors on firm performance by 8 choosing the panel data consisting of 2994 firm-year observations in Chinese listed manufacturing companies 9 during 2008-2013 as research sample. Empirical analysis by adopting the multiple regression analysis based on 10 OLS with SPSS19.0 and STATA12.0 makes the following new finding: In manufacturing companies in China, 11 there is a positive relationship between the university connections of independent directors and firm 12 performance measured by ROE, ROA and EPS. Further investigation shows that the independent directors from 13 the universities would produce a higher productivity in the traditional labor-intensive firms rather in the 14 technology-intensive firms, and what is more, if the independent directors from the universities attend more 15 board meetings, their positive role in affecting firm performance would be enhanced. 16
A covalent triazine-based framework from tetraphenylthiophene and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine motifs for sensing o-nitrophenol and effective I2 uptake

A covalent triazine-based framework with a tetraphenylthiophene (TTPT) backbone was prepared by the AlCl3 catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reaction of commercially available material 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine with tetraphenylthiophene in dichloromethane. This is the first report about the tetraphenylthiophene-based covalent triazine-based framework, which belongs to a nitrogen-rich conjugated microporous polymer. The surface area of TTPT was 315.5 m2 g−1. Taking advantage of its large surface area and strong fluorescence, TTPT showed very fast responses and high sensitivity and selectivity to sensing o-nitrophenol, at a SV constant of 6.20 × 103 L mol−1. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.18 × 10−9 mol L−1. Furthermore, TTPT displayed efficient and reversible adsorption of radioactive I2 in vapor (up to 1.77 g g−1) and in solution.
# 1 “ Drivers for Atlantic-origin waters abutting Greenland ”

The oceanic heat available in Greenland’s troughs is dependent on the geographic location of the trough, the water origin, and how the water is impacted by local processes along the pathway to the trough. This study investigates the mechanisms that bring warm water ::::: spatial :::::: pattern :::: and ::::::: quantity :: of :::: the ::::: warm ::::: water ::::: (with : a :::::::::: temperature ::::::: greater ::::: 0◦C) :::::: brought : to the shelf and into the troughs abutting the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). ::: An ::::::: increase :: in ::::: ocean :::: heat :: in :::: these ::::::: troughs :::: may ::::: drive : a :::::: retreat :: of ::: the 5 :::: GrIS. : Warm water that is exchanged from the trough into the fjord may influence the melt on the marine terminating glaciers. Regional ::::::::::::::: marine-terminating :::::::: glaciers. :::::: Several ::::::: regional : ocean model experiments :::: were ::::: used :: to ::::: study ::::::: regional :::::::::: differences :: in ::: heat :::::::: transport ::::::: through ::::::: troughs. :::::: Results : showed that warm Irminger water can extend far :::: water ::::::: extends north into Baffin Bay, reaching as north as :: far ::::: north :: as :::: the Melville Bay troughs. Melville Bay troughs experienced warming following 2009. An increase in ocean heat in these troughs may drive a retreat of the GrIS. In ::::: From 2004 to 2006, model experiments captured an 10 increase in onshore heat flux in the Disko Bay trough, coinciding with the observed timing of the disintegration of Jakobshavn Isbrae’s floating tongue and observed ocean heat increase in Disko Bay. Seasonality ::: The ::::::::: seasonality : of the maximum onshore heat flux differs due to distance away from the Irminger Sea. Ocean temperatures near the north-west coast and south-east coast respond differently to changes in meltwater from Greenland and high frequency :::::::::::: high-frequency atmospheric phenomena. With a doubling of the GrIS meltwater, Baffin Bay troughs transported ∼ 40 % more heat . The lack of presence of ::::::: towards ::: the 15 ::::: coast. ::::: Fewer : storms resulted in an increase in heat flux : a :::::::: doubling :: of ::::::: onshore :::: heat (∼ 20 % ::: 100 :: % ::::::: increase) through Helheim glacier’s trough. These results demonstrate the regional variability of onshore heat transport through troughs and its potential implications to the GrIS. Copyright statement. TEXT
I NTERACTIONS BETWEEN LEAF AREA INDEX , CANOPY DENSITY AND EFFECTIVE PRECIPITATION OF A POLYLEPIS RETICULATA FOREST LOCATED IN A PARAMO ECOSYSTEM

The measurement of vegetation cover is fundamental to quantify the precipitation percentage intercepted by it. The most widely techniques used to measure the cover in situ are the leaf area index (LAI) and the canopy density (CD). However, no attention has been paid to the differences recorded in the use of the two techniques or how these variables influence the hydrological balance on the throughfall (TF). For this reason, the objective of the study is to evaluate the relationship between vegetation cover measurements conducted by the LAI and CD methods and to identify how they relate with the TF, important for hydrological applications. The study was developed in a Polylepis reticulata forest of 15633 m2, located at the Zhurucay Ecohydrological Observatory, south of Ecuador, in an altitudinal range of 3765 to 3809 m.a.s.l. The LAI was measured with the CI-110 Plant Canopy Imager equipment and CD with a spherical densiometer, covering a wide range of canopy cover values. The study site was instrumented with 9 tipping-bucket rain gauges to measure TF. The results indicate that LAI and CD averages are 2.43 m2 m−2 y 88% respectively; whose relationship is significant (R2 = 0.913; p< 0.05). Mean annual TF is 773.2 mm, which tends to decrease with the increase of the LAI and CD; although, their relationship is not statistically significant (p-value> 0.05). This study shows the importance of characterizing the vegetation cover to understand the interaction with TF.
Third-person perspectives in photographs influence visual and spatial perspectives during subsequent memory retrieval

ABSTRACT Reviewing photographs of the past influences our memories, but there is minimal research examining the influence of the viewpoint during photographic review of memories. In the current study, we examined how reviewing photographs from first-person versus third-person perspectives influences visual and spatial perspective in subsequent memories. Participants formed memories for mini-events performed in the lab, reviewed photographs of these events one week later from first-person and third-person perspectives, and then two days later memories for these events were tested against no photographic review. We found that third-person photographs increased observer-like perspectives during subsequent remembering, suggesting that photographic review of novel viewpoints changes the location from which the rememberer views the past event. Reviewing third-person photographs also reduced the accuracy of the spatial location of objects, indicating that photographic review can also update spatial perspective. In sum, these findings show that the viewpoint of photographs can powerfully influence memories.
Chemical analysis of gallstones and quantitative analysis of its biochemical components viz total cholesterol, total bilirubin, calcium and inorganic phosphate

1 Demonstrator of Biochemistry, GMC, Guwahati, Assam, India Email: drkaushiknath@gmail.com 2 Professor and HOD Dept of Biochemistry, GMC, Guwahati, Assam, India 3 Senior Consultant, NEARI, Assam, India Abstract To understand gallstone disease, the knowledge of it’s chemical composition becomes very important. In our study, we have done the quantitative chemical analysis of gallstones collected from 40 patients and have classified them according to their biochemical composition. In our result we have found that pigment gallstones (n=16) were the most frequent type gallstones encountered followed by mixed gallstones (n=13) and cholesterol gallstones (n=11). Cholesterol was found to be a major component irrespective of the type of gallstones. The cholesterol stones had a higher amount of total cholesterol and inorganic phosphate compared to pigment and mixed gallstones. The pigment gallstones had higher amount of total bilirubin and calcium when compared with cholesterol gallstones and mixed gallstones. The mixed gallstones had higher amount of total bilirubin and calcium when compared with cholesterol gallstones.