Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DDXPlus: A New Dataset For Automatic Medical Diagnosis

There has been a rapidly growing interest in Automatic Symptom Detection (ASD) and Automatic Diagnosis (AD) systems in the machine learning research literature, aiming to assist doctors in telemedicine services. These systems are designed to interact with patients, collect evidence about their symptoms and relevant antecedents, and possibly make predictions about the underlying diseases. Doctors would review the interactions, including the evidence and the predictions, collect if necessary additional information from patients, before deciding on next steps. Despite recent progress in this area, an important piece of doctors' interactions with patients is missing in the design of these systems, namely the differential diagnosis. Its absence is largely due to the lack of datasets that include such information for models to train on. In this work, we present a large-scale synthetic dataset of roughly 1.3 million patients that includes a differential diagnosis, along with the ground truth pathology, symptoms and antecedents for each patient. Unlike existing datasets which only contain binary symptoms and antecedents, this dataset also contains categorical and multi-choice symptoms and antecedents useful for efficient data collection. Moreover, some symptoms are organized in a hierarchy, making it possible to design systems able to interact with patients in a logical way. As a proof-of-concept, we extend two existing AD and ASD systems to incorporate the differential diagnosis, and provide empirical evidence that using differentials as training signals is essential for the efficiency of such systems or for helping doctors better understand the reasoning of those systems.
UV Index assessment and trend analysis from hourly measurements during twenty years (2000-2019) over the Mexico City Metropolitan Area

The UV Index is a measure of the risk of suffering erythema from short-term solar exposure. Mexico City is one of the most populated cities in the world, and could experience large exposures due to its location at 2240 m above sea level, and its intertropical latitude. In the present study we analyzed around 2 million ground-based UV Index measurements from the Secretariat of the Environment of the Mexico City Government during two decades (2000-2019) over the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. An increasing trend in the UV Index, of 0.66 % per year was found. Trends in criteria pollutants PM10, CO, NO2, O3 and in AOD340 were also estimated. The monthly mean UV Index value at solar noon reaches barely 10.5 under all sky conditions, along the year. UV Index data derived from OMI-Aura/NIVR-FMI-NASA measurements of ozone and clouds ranged between 6.4 and 14.9. The maximum UV Index from satellite data as well as the highest UV Index ground-based values were similar, both in Extreme qualification range of WHO (World Health Organization). The UV Index was used to estimate the Standard Erythema Dose (SED) per hour for high sun under clear sky conditions, and from these we estimate exposure times as a limit to avoid sunburn for typical skin phototypes (III and IV of the Fitzpatrick classification) in Mexico City. These results may be helpful to design preventive public health campaigns that target groups with typical phototypes of the inhabitants of the Mexico City.
Human Nutrition and Metabolism Short-Term Continuous Enteral Tube Feeding Schedules Did Not Suppress Appetite and Food Intake in Healthy Men in a Placebo-Controlled Trial

Tube feeding (TF) provides a model with which to study appetite when nutrient delivery bypasses the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and associated cephalic phase response. Nocturnal, diurnal and 24-h TF schedules are used clinically, but their effects on satiety have not been distinguished. This study tested two hypotheses: 1) bypassing the upper GI tract with TF has little satiating effect, and 2) diurnal TF suppresses appetite and food intake more than nocturnal or 24-h schedules. Six healthy men, residing in a metabolic suite, each received three continuous TF schedules (diurnal 12-h, nocturnal 12-h and 24-h; 6.86 0.51 MJ/d) in random order for 3 d over separate 10-d periods. Two days before and after TF, a placebo feed ( 0.4 MJ/d) was given. Weighed measurements of ad libitum food consumption, hourly tracking of appetite and metabolic and hormonal measurements were undertaken. Compared with placebo feeding, there was a nonsignificant reduction in oral intake (1.01–2.49 MJ reduction), little change in appetite sensations with TF and an increase in total energy intake from 14.88 to 20.42 3.25 MJ. The schedules did not differ although diurnal TF was the most satiating. Changes in a variety of mediators (including leptin, insulin, cholecystokinin, metabolites and respiratory quotient) did not relate to immediate assessments of appetite and food intake. This trial suggests that continuous TF has little effect on satiety in healthy men over a period of 3 d, irrespective of the timing of the schedule. This could not be explained by changes in a variety of metabolic and hormonal signals within the time frame studied. J. Nutr. 133: 2570–2576, 2003.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus II and Impaired Fasting Glycemia in Patients Diagnosed with Pulmonary Tuberculosis at the Bamenda Regional Hospital-Cameroon

The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its association with tuberculosis (TB) and the persistence is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries,thus emphasizing the importance of investigating this association. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus II and impaired fasting glycaemia in patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB at the Bamenda Regional Hospital . An experimental and prospective design, involving 91 patients diagnosed of pulmonary TB and 68 sputum negative patients were used as control. Venous blood was collected from each participant and was analyzed using the CHRONO LAB system chemistry analyzer to screen for impaired fasting glycaemia and Diabetes mellitus. Information to assess the knowledge and perception of both TB and DM of the participants was gotten through questionnaires. This study revealed that the total prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 29.7% while that of IFG was 16.5% amongst TB patients receiving care at the Bamenda Regional hospital compared to the 26.6% DM and 2.9% IFG for the control group. In total, 42(46.2%) of the test population were hyperglycemic (IFG/DM) compared to 16(23.5%) of the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) More males (28%) in this study were hyperglycemic than females ( 21%) but the difference was statistically not sgnificant, 26% of alcohol consumers were more hyperglycemic than non alcohol consumers and the difference was statistically significant ( p< 0.05). The age range of 31 – 40 years had the highest prevalence level ( 9%) of DM and 7% of IFG and those below 20 years had the lowest glycemic levels. Findings from this study revealed that TB patients had a higher prevalence of DM and IFG compared to the control population (sputum negative patients). -----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2021) Volume 78, No 1, pp 9-21 10 The screening of diabetes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is recommended for successful treatment, control and patient care of the two diseases.
Computing the first eigenelements of some linear operators using a branching Monte Carlo method

In earlier work, we developed a Monte Carlo method to compute the principal eigenvalue of linear operators, which was based on the simulation of exit times. In this paper, we general-ize this approach by showing how to use a branching method to improve the eﬃcacy of simulating large exit times for the purpose of computing eigenvalues. Furthermore, we show that this new method provides a natural estimation of the ﬁrst eigenfunction of the adjoint operator. Numerical examples of this method are given for the Laplace operator and an homogeneous neutron transport operator.
Hematological study of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy in Central Gujarat

Introduction: Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is most common in India and the prevalence averages 56%. Iron Deficiency Anemia has been claimed to be predominant cause of anemia in pregnant women. This study was intended to study iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women whose hemoglobin level is less than 10gm%. Methods: 100 cases of pregnant women with hemoglobin less than 10gm% were included. All the hematological parameters including RDW were obtained through analyzer. Peripheral smear stained with field stain was evaluated for morphology. Serum ferritin was done for confirmation of Iron deficiency anemia. Results: Out of 100 cases of suspected anemia, 65 cases (65%) were diagnosed as iron deficient. Most of the cases were in the age group of 18-25 years. Conclusion: In conclusion, with increasing severity, MCV and serum ferritin decreases and it is sensitive enough to diagnose Iron Deficiency Anemia. We have found that there is statistically significant association between RDW and Serum Ferritin in diagnosing Iron Deficiency Anemia
OTT_A_311291 3903..3919

1Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China Objective: The aim of the current research was to construct a miRNA-transcription factor (TF)target gene regulatory network in order to investigate the mechanism underlying choriocarcinoma and to verify the network through the overexpression or silencing of hub miRNAs in vitro. Materials and Methods: A mRNA expression dataset and two miRNA expression datasets were analysed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between normal cells and choriocarcinoma cells. The top 400 upregulated and downregulated DEGs were identified as candidate DEGs, which were then mapped to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and select hub genes. Moreover, the DGIdb database was utilized to select candidate drugs for hub genes. Moreover, DEM target genes were predicted through the miRWalk2.0 database and overlaid with candidate DEGs to identify the differentially expressed target genes (DETGs). Furthermore, we established miRNA-TF-target gene regulatory networks and performed functional enrichment analysis of hub DEMs. Finally, we transfected mimics or inhibitors of hub DEMs into choriocarcinoma cells and assessed cell proliferation and migration to verify the vital role of hub DEMs in choriocarcinoma. Results: A total of 140 DEMs and 400 candidate DEGs were screened from choriocarcinoma cells and normal cells. A PPI network of 400 candidate DEGs was established. Twenty-nine hub genes and 99 associated small molecules were identified to provide potential target drugs for choriocarcinoma treatment. We obtained 70 DETGs of DEMs derived from the intersection between predicted miRNA target genes and candidate DEGs. Subsequently, 3 hub DEMs were selected, and miRNA-TF-target gene regulatory networks containing 4 TFs, 3 TFs and 3 TFs for each network were constructed. The RT-PCR results confirmed that miR-29b-3p was highly expressed and that miR-519c-3p and miR-520a-5p were expressed at low levels in choriocarcinoma cells. The overexpression or silencing results suggested that 3 dysregulated hub DEMs jointly accelerated the proliferation and migration of choriocarcinoma. Conclusion: Association of miRNA-TF-target gene regulatory networks may help us explore the underlying mechanism and provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of choriocarcinoma.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES

Facial recognition is an increasingly popular security measure in scenarios with low computational power, such as phones and Raspberry Pi’s . There are many facial recognition techniques available. The aim is to compare three such techniques in both performance and time metrics. An experiment was conducted to compare the facial recognition techniques Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Eigenface with the classifiers K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and support vector machines (SVM) and Fisherface with the classifiers KNN and SVM under the same conditions with a limited version of the LFW dataset. The Python libraries scikit-learn and OpenCV as well as the CNN implementation FaceNet were used. The results show that FaceNet is the best technique in all metrics except for prediction time. FaceNet achieved an F-score of 100% while the OpenCV implementation of Eigenface using SVM scored the worst at 15.5%. The technique with the lowest prediction time was the scikit-learn implementation of Fisherface with SVM.
Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract: Genetic factors contribute importantly to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), and in the past decade, there has been major progress in this area. The tools applied include genome-wide association studies encompassing >200 000 individuals complemented by bioinformatic approaches, including 1000 Genomes imputation, expression quantitative trait locus analyses, and interrogation of Encyclopedia of DNA Elements, Roadmap, and other data sets. close to 60 common SNPs (minor allele frequency>0.05) associated with CAD risk and reaching genomewide significance (P<5×10−8) have been identified. Furthermore, a total of 202 independent signals in 109 loci have achieved a false discovery rate (q<0.05) and together explain 28% of the estimated heritability of CAD. These data have been used successfully to create genetic risk scores that can improve risk prediction beyond conventional risk factors and identify those individuals who will benefit most from statin therapy. Such information also has important applications in clinical medicine and drug discovery by using a Mendelian randomization approach to interrogate the causal nature of many factors found to associate with CAD risk in epidemiological studies. In contrast to genome-wide association studies, whole-exome sequencing has provided valuable information directly relevant to genes with known roles in plasma lipoprotein metabolism but has, thus far, failed to identify other rare coding variants linked to CAD. Overall, recent studies have led to a broader understanding of the genetic architecture of CAD and demonstrate that it largely derives from the cumulative effect of multiple common risk alleles individually of small effect size rather than rare variants with large effects on CAD risk. Despite this success, there has been limited progress in understanding the function of the novel loci; the majority of which are in noncoding regions of the genome. (Circ Res. 2016;118:564-578. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306566.)
Signals That Dictate Nuclear Localization of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Oncoprotein E6 in Living Cells

Signals That Dictate Nuclear Localization of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Oncoprotein E6 in Living Cells Mingfang Tao, Michael Kruhlak, Shuhua Xia, Elliot Androphy, and Zhi-Ming Zheng* HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch and Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
Adjacent Segment Pathology in the Lumbar Spine: Progressive Disease or a Product of Iatrogenic Fusion?

Background: Lumbar spine Clinical Adjacent Segment Pathology (CASP) has an annual incidence of 2.5%, and a 10-year 22% prevalence of repeat surgery (ReopASP). The pathophysiology remains controversial, whether due to increased mechanical stress on an adjacent motion segment after iatrogenic fusion or spondylotic disease progression. We compare CASP in traumatic and spondylotic patient cohorts. Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion for traumatic instability between 2002-2008 was compared to those undergoing lumbar spine fusions for degenerative disease, allowing for at least a five-year follow-up period. Prevalence of Reoperation for Adjacent Segment Pathology (ReopASP) and evidence of Radiological Adjacent Segment Pathology (RASP) was compared between groups. Results: There were significant baseline clinical and technical differences found between groups with respect to mean age (trauma, 38.6 years versus spondylotic, 50.0 years, p<0.01), gender (trauma, 78% males versus spondylotic, 50% males, p<0.01), number of levels fused (trauma, 3 versus spondylotic, 1, p<0.01), and level fused (trauma, 80% thoracolumbar versus spondylotic, 0% thoracolumbar, p<0.01). A significant difference was found in the proportion of patients developing ReopASP between groups (trauma, 0/40 versus spondylotic, 15/100, p<0.01). Stratified analysis controlling for age and gender still revealed a significant difference (p<0.05). The level of lumbar fusion could not be adjusted for as no patients in the spondylotic group underwent thoracolumbar junction fusion. Conclusion: A higher rate of ReopASP in patients with spondylosis was found. Our findings support patient factors predisposing to progressive spondylosis as an etiology for CASP and ReopASP, rather than mechanical factors.
SENSITIVITY PATTERN TO COMMON INHALANT ALLERGENS IN SUBJECTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN KERALA

The global prevalence of allergic diseases is on the rise with similar trends being observed in India also. Estimates reveal that over 20% of the world’s population suffers from one or more IgE mediated allergic disease. The vast majority of allergic states can be diagnosed by eliciting a detailed history and focused physical examination; other appropriate laboratory tests have adjunctive and corroborative role. The definitive diagnosis of allergy requires identification of the culprit allergen and demonstration of temporal relationship between allergen exposure to symptom onset. The crucial test for the diagnosis of immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated allergy is skin prick test (SPT). A positive SPT indicates sensitisation to tested allergen. In the present study, we describe the sensitisation pattern to common aeroallergens in subjects with allergic rhinitis and their correlation with disease severity.
Dynamic Correction for Parallel Conductance , GP , and 1 Gain Factor , α , in Invasive Murine Left Ventricular 2 Volume Measurements

The conductance catheter technique could be improved by determining instantaneous parallel 40 conductance (GP) which is known to be time-varying, and by including a time-varying calibration factor in 41 Baan’s equation (α(t)). We have recently proposed solutions to the problems of both time-varying GP and time42 varying α, which we term “admittance” and “Wei’s equation”, respectively. We validate both our solutions in 43 mice, compared to the currently accepted methods, hypertonic saline (HS) to determine GP and Baan’s equation 44 calibrated with both stroke volume (SV) and cuvette. We performed simultaneous echocardiography in closed 45 chest mice (n=8) as a reference for left ventricular (LV) volume, and demonstrate that an off-center position for 46 the miniaturized Pressure-Volume (PV) catheter in the LV generates end-systolic and diastolic volumes 47 calculated by admittance with less error (p<0.03) (-2.49±15.33 μl error) compared to those same parameters 48 calculated by SV calibrated conductance (35.89±73.22 μl error), and by cuvette calibrated conductance 49 (-7.53±16.23 μl ES and -29.10±31.53 μl ED error). To utilize the admittance approach, myocardial permittivity 50 (εm) and conductivity (σm) were calculated in additional mice (n=7) and those results are used in this 51 calculation. In aortic banded mice (n=6) increased myocardial permittivity was measured (11844±2700 control, 52 21267±8005 banded, p<0.05), demonstrating that muscle properties vary with disease state. Volume error 53 calculated with respect to echo did not significantly change in aortic banded mice (6.74±13.06 μl, p=NS). 54 Increased inotropy in response to iv dobutamine was detected with greater sensitivity with the admittance 55 technique compared to traditional conductance (4.9±1.4 to 12.5±6.6 mmHg⋅μl Wei’s equation (p<0.05), 56 3.3±1.2 to 8.8±5.1 mmHg⋅μl using Baan’s equation (p=NS). New theory and method for instantaneous GP 57 removal, as well as application of Wei’s equation, are presented and validated in vivo in mice. We conclude that 58 for closed-chest mice, admittance (dynamic GP) and Wei’s equation (dynamic α) provide more accurate 59 volumes than traditional conductance, are more sensitive to inotropic changes, eliminate the need for hypertonic 60 saline, and can be accurately extended to aortic banded mice. 61 62 by 10.0. 33.1 on A uust 7, 2017 http://jaysiology.org/ D ow nladed fom Dynamic GP and α Correction 3
Sinistral transpression and hydrothermal activity during emplacement of the Early Proterozoic Julianehåb batholith, Ketilidian orogenic belt, South Greenland

The first systematic investigations of the central part of the Early Proterozoic Ketilidian orogen in the vicinity of Søndre Sermilik in the early 1960s suggested that this part of the orogen comprised a mixture of the Julianehåb granite, altered supracrustal rocks and older orthogneisses. Recent fjeld work has shown that the area consists only of a variably deformed suite of granitic to dioritic plutonic rocks and a range of homblende-bearing dykes of the appinite suite which all belong to the Julianehåb batholith. Steep to vertical shear zones with widths from a few centimetres to more than one kilometre are a significant element of the structure. The principal shear zones trend north-east and they are parallel to the schistosity and subhorizontal linear structures in the granitoid rocks. Kinematic indicators in many of the shear zones indicate sinistral transcurrent displacements. The relationships between granite fabrics, shear zones and mafic dykes suggest that the Julianehåb batholith was emplaced during subduction from the south towards the Archaean craton in the north-west in a sinistral transpressional system. Effects of hydrothermal alteration, mainly in the form of quartz veining, silicification, chloritisation, epidotisation and pyritisation, are common within and adjacent to the largest shear zones. These effects are believed to be related to late stages of the evolution of the batholith. Gold anomalies appear to be closely tied to the hydrothermal phenomena.