Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Raman study on the Ni/SiC interface reaction

Ni/SiC interface reaction was investigated by Raman scattering. The specimen consisted of a 200 nm Ni layer deposited on a both-side polished 6H–SiC wafer with postannealing at 500–1100 °C. Raman spectra were observed from both faces of the specimen, i.e., from the Ni layer side and from the opposite (SiC wafer) side. The spectra showed that nickel silicides were formed by annealing at above 500 °C, and diffusion of Si atoms into the Ni layer played a key role in forming an ohmic contact at above ∼900 °C. It was also found that carbon atoms that did not react with Ni formed nanometer-size clusters. This work clearly demonstrates that Raman scattering is useful for studying interface reactions between metallic electrodes and SiC.
Surface chemistry of the iron tetraazamacrocycle on the aminopropyl‐modified surface of oxidized n‐Si(100) by AFM and XPS

The structure and formation mechanisms of 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3‐APTS) films deposited on wet‐chemically grown silicon dioxide over n‐Si(100) wafer have been examined systematically using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The asymmetric N 1s XPS spectrum for the anchored 3‐APTS was fitted for –NH2 (399.6 ± 0.3 eV) and –NH3+ (401.1 ± 0.3 eV). Rougher surfaces are obtained by deposition from toluene solutions than from the gaseous phase. Over the 3‐APTS layer was deposited the [FeTIM(CH3CN)2]2+ complex, where TIM is 2,3,9,10‐tetramethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradeca‐1,3,8,10‐tetraene. The adsorption occurs by acetonitrile replacement for the–NH2‐grafted group with the equatorial plane parallel to the organomodified surface. Once FeTIM can bind a CO, NO or N‐heterocycle, a built‐on Si wafer sensor device could be envisaged for these molecules. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Surface Roughness on Streaming Potential Method

Zeta potential itself has become a very important parameter for the characterization of all kinds of filter media. To those actually involved in zeta potential measurement it is obvious to not compare quantitative numbers received by different measurement principles, since the location of the shear plane might differ between measurement principles, and measurement devices even. Additional to this well known issue, it is not always possible to condone measurements within the boundary conditions of the theory behind zeta potential measurement. The sample itself might influence measurement, for example by swelling. If one wants to determine the zeta potential of filter media using the streaming potential method, he will find himself confronted with the surface structure of the media, and its influence on flow within the measurement zone. This work is dealing with the influence of surface roughness on the flow field within a measurement cell used for streaming potential measurement and its effect on the determined values of zeta potential for polyester plates and polyester multifilament fabrics.
Full Research Paper Simulation of fuzzy temperature controller during infrared dry blanching and dehydration of apple slices by intermittent heating method

In this study, fuzzy temperature controller was designed using stepwise heating during the infrared irradiation of apple with intermittent heating method. For this purpose, the dry blanching process and dehydration of apple slices were examined at three temperatures of 70, 75 and 80°C based on inactivity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme (PPO) as blanching speed index and vitamin C preservation as maintaining quality index. The samples were removed from the infrared dryer in 2minute intervals to separate the time required for the dry blanching process and dehydration of apple slices. For all temperatures, the heating process was continued until no sign of color change stemming from catechol reagent (adequacy of blanching). Finally, the fuzzy controller of the temperature with the feedback loop was designed, simulated, and implemented by comparing two first and second order transfer functions in MATLAB software. Simulation efficiency was examined using the indices of integral squared error (ISE), integral absolute error (IAE), integral time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) and steady state error (ess). These parameters must be close to zero. The results revealed that the temperature of 80°C and time of 15 minutes were appropriate for blanching operation and the temperature of 70°C was appropriate for dehydration. The simulation results confirmed that the higher order of the transfer function led to a faster response, but an increase in oscillations and reduction in the stability were not appropriate. For the first-order transfer function, the values of efficiency indices, including (ISE), (IAE) and (ITAE) were calculated to be 0.760, 0.821 and 0.589, respectively, of the second-order transfer function. The simulation indicated the reliability of the fuzzy control model and showed an acceptable computational efficiency, since the fuzzy rule test during simulation showed high sensitivity to maintain steady state error (ess) close to zero.
IL-6 promoter -572G polymorphic allele causes lower level of triglyceridemia

Objectives: Lower blood triglyceridemia (TG) level and TG/HDL-C (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol) ratio are healthy indicators in clinical diagnosis. IL-6 has been reported to inhibit lipoprotein lipase activity and stimulate lipolysis, subsequently lead to increased concentrations of serum triglycerides. In this study, we examined whether the polymorphism of the -572C/G locus in the IL-6 promoter was linked to hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Methods: Blood DNA samples from 100 patients with HTG and 162 healthy control subjects were collected and used for screening the IL-6 promoter polymorphism. TC, TG, and HDL-C were determined by enzymatic method while LDL-C was measured by Immunoturbidimetry. Blood glucose was determined through hexokinase method. Routine PCR and Sanger DNA sequencing were performed to screen and determine the site polymorphisms. All the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results: PCR and Sanger-based DNA sequencing demonstrated that subjects carrying the CC genotype of the -572C/G locus in the IL-6 promoter had normal or slightly higher level of blood TG, whereas the carriers of the CG or GG genotype presented lower levels of blood TG and TG/HDL-C (P<0.5). These results imply that the -572G allele, not the -572C allele, leads to lower level of TG. Conclusion: The data suggests that the -572G allele of the IL-6-572C/G site might play a role in maintaining low level of blood TG by upregulating or down-regulating the IL-6 expression and promoting the TG metabolism. This finding might shed new light on the diagnosis of HTG.
Effect of platelet-rich plasma on serum and urine biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Background: Biomarkers may reflect changes in cartilage metabolism and could be used in diagnosis and evaluation of treatment response in knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of platelet rich plasma (PRP) injections on serum and urine biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The study included 26 patients who were diagnosed as grade III knee OA according to ACR criteria and KellgrenLawrence classification. One cc of PRP was obtained from 20 cc of venous blood after double centrifugations at 400 g for 10 minutes. The patients received 3 injections of PRP at 3-weeks intervals. Serum Procollagen II N-terminal propeptide (PIINP), osteocalcin (OC), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and urine collagen-II telopeptide (U-CTX-II) were examined in all patients before treatment and at 3 and 6 months. Clinical outcome was evaluated using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire, SF-36 and visual analog scale (VAS) in all patients before injection and at 3 and 6 months follow-up visits. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in cartilage Type II collagen (CII) degradation markers (CTX-II, COMP) and biosynthesis marker of PIINP (P>0.05). Significant increase was determined in serum OC levels (P<0.05) which reflects CII biosynthesis. Statistically significant improvement in all WOMAC parameters (P<0.05) and subscores of SF-36 (P<0.05) was noted. Conclusion: We found significant clinical improvements in knee OA patients treated with PRP injections. Our results suggest that PRP injection does not affect cartilage breakdown but effects CII biosynthesis, which is reflected by increased OC levels. However further studies are needed.
Assessment of awareness and attitude towards counterfeit medicines among pharmacy professionals working in community drug retail outlets in Harar town, Ethiopia

Background: Counterfeit medicines are drugs which are deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to identity and/or source. According to the WHO 2017 report, about 1% of prescribed medicines in the developed world and about 10-50% in parts of the developing world are estimated to be counterfeits. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of pharmacy profes-sionals towards counterfeit medicines in Harar town. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among pharmacy professionals found in Harar town, East Ethiopia. All pharmacy professionals working in community drug retail outlets of Harar town was included in the study. Accordingly, 92 pharmacy professionals were included in the study. The data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared in English language. Data was coded, entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sci-ence version 22. Then chi-square(x2) test was performed to determine there exists association of so-cio-demographic characters, profession and year of service towards awareness and attitude about counterfeit medicines was investigated using. Result: A total of 92 respondents were included in the study. The majority, 76 (82.6%), of the study participants had information about counterfeit medicine. The 26(28.3%), 42(45.7%) and 24(26%) of the respondents replied that counterfeit medicines have problem of efficacy, safety and cause eco-nomic problem on sellers of genuine drugs respectively. Majority of the study of the study partici-pants were not aware of a way of identification of counterfeit medicines, with only 18(19.6%), 47(51.1%) and 27(29.3%), replied that counterfeit medicines can be identified by its effect, inspec-tion and cost respectively. Majority of the respondents, 60(65.2%), responded that pharmacy profes-sional that knowingly dispense counterfeit medicine are business man /women. Most of the re-spondents, 66(71.7%), replied that pharmacy professionals carry out the business of counterfeit medicines transaction because of big profit obtained from such an activity. gender, profession and year of service in serving as pharmacy professional was found to be significantly associated with awareness towards counterfeit medicines, (p<0.05). Conclusion: Significant proportion of the study participants were not aware of the problems associ-ated with counterfeit medicines as efficacy, safety and economic problems. Majority of the respond-ents still are unaware about ways of identification of counterfeit medicines as inspection, by effica-cy and cost. Keywords: Counterfeit medicines; Awareness; Attitude; Professionals; Drug retail outlets
Different doses of atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine for left heart insufficiency in elderly patients with coronary heart disease

Objective: The influences of different doses of atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine on left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in senile patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and its effects on hemodynamics and adverse reactions were studied. Methods: A total of 160 senile patients with LVD were collected and treated with atorvastatin and trimetazidine. According to the dosage of atorvastatin, they were assigned to a high-dose group (HD group, n = 82) and a low-dose group (LD group, n = 78). Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the total effective rate (P > 0.05). After treatment, the hemodynamics of both groups was improved, and the LD group showed significantly lower fibrinogen, plasma specific viscosity, and whole blood low shear viscosity, as well as red blood cell specific volume than the LD group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the whole blood high shear viscosity (P > 0.05), and cardiac function and 6-minute walking distance were significantly improved in both groups. After treatment, the HD group showed significantly better cardiac function index than the LD group (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed in 6-minute walking distance between the two groups (P > 0.05). In addition, after treatment, both groups showed lower expression of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and higher expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the HD group showed lower serum levels of CT-1 and IL-6 and higher IGF-1 level than the LD group (all P < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed a negative correlation of serum IGF-1 with CT-1 and IL-6 and a positive correlation between CT-1 and IL-6. Conclusion: High-dose atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine can effectively and safely treat LVD in senile CHD patients, and it can regulate the levels of IGF-1, CT-1 and IL-6 in serum, and significantly improve hemodynamics and cardiac function.
Social Climate and Responsibility as predictors of antisocial and prosocial behaviors and violence. A study towards the Self- determination theory

The Self-determination theory and The Vallerand's Hierarchical Model has been studied with different types of social factors that can bring different consequences. The purpose of this work was if responsibility and social climate could predict the social and prosocial behaviors and violence. For this, 429 students (M = 11.46, SD = 1.92) participated in this study answering a questionnaire with five variables: school climate, responsibility, motivation, satisfaction of psychological needs, prosocial and antisocial behaviors and violence. The main results saw that the most part of variables were correlated positive and directly except with antisocial behaviors and violence. On the other hand, prediction model (X2 = 584.145 (98); RMSEA = 0.104 [90% CI = 0.096, 0.112]; TLI = 0.849; CFI = 0.894) showed that responsibility and school climate can predict psychological basic needs and these needs, can improve the autonomous motivation and finally have positive consequences improving prosocial behaviors and reducing antisocial behaviors and violence. In conclusion, school climate and responsibility can improve positive consequences to the classroom, specifically, prosocial behaviors and reducing violence and antisocial behaviors.
LINE PROBE ASSAY, THE BEST MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC TOOL, AND IMPROVE THE MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE DETECTION IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS CASES IN BALOCHISTAN

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) appears resistant to first line antibiotics e.g. rifampicin and isoniazid is said to be Multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), Globally 15.3 million cases emerge where as in Pakistan 1.8 million cases reported included Pakistan in 22 high burden cases. For MDR-TB detection in this study Line Probe Assay (LPA) a molecular technique was used. 400 patients were studied in this study after sample collection in open space for pulmonary sample and for extra pulmonary samples were taken in sterile syringe or containers auramine staining was performed and examine under 40X microscope, the DNA was extracted by Genolyse Method. The master mix was adjusted by mixing of master mix A and mix B for further uses. e.g. Amplification and hybridization: for amplification process thermo-cycler was used as PCR amplification and for hybridization the PCR products were analyzed to the strips on which probe are presents and interpreted. The study was conducted among different ethnic groups and both male & female genders of Balochistan. Overall 400 smear negative and positive samples from TB DOTS and PMDTS were applied on LPA for the diagnosis of Mono and MDR-TB. In total 400 cases, 236 (59%) were MTB positive, 162 (40%) were found MTB negative and 2 were detected as invalid. In this study analysis was also based on gender, ethnicity and site (DOTS and PMDTS). In conclusion MDR-TB detection by LPA is more sensitive technique to others and prevalence rate of MDR-TB in enrolled patients at PMDTS and DOTS program at alarming stage, serious threats to public. The outcomes of this study enhance about the mutation occurs in MTB is highly which promote TB in MDR-TB and in future MDR-TB in to XDR-TB. It is highly suggested for the development in the diagnostic techniques and tools . i.e. LPA for MDR-TB detection method.
Transcriptome analysis to identify genes involved in lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis in medicinal plant Kadsura heteroclita

Stems and roots of Kadsura plant species were the significant ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Kadsura heteroclita is one of the popular medicinal plants used in Tujia and Yao nationalities of China. Antioxidant compounds like lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid are the major active components of K. hetroclita. Mass cultivation and bio-manufacturing strategies were being proposed to meet the increasing demand of Kadsura species plant parts. Therefore, it is important to reveal the molecular networks involved in biosynthesis of these highly efficient medicinal compounds. Here, transcriptomes of roots, stems and leaves in K. heteroclite seedling were sequenced by Hiseq2000 and unigenes involved in biosynthesis of lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis were mined. As a result, 472 million clean reads were obtained which after aligning resulted in 160,248 transcripts and 98,005 genes. 191 and 279 unigenes were expected to be involved in biosynthesis of lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways respectively. Lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway genes were highly significant and differentially upregulated in roots and stems and downregulated in leaves. Also, genes encoding for MYB and bHLH transcription factors possibly involved in regulation of lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis were discovered. These results provide the fundamental genomic resources for dissecting of biosynthetic pathways of the active components in K. hetroclita.
Assessment of Antioxidant Potential of Lutein, a Retinol Equivalent Carotenoid in Medicinal Landrace of Rice ‘Kavuni’

Background: Indigenous traditional coloured rices are rich in dietary fibre, resistant starch, minerals, bioactive compounds and antioxidants like anthocyanins, luteins and phenols. Kavuni is one such brownish black medical landrace of rice considered as nutrition supplement since 400BC as it cures gastritis, peptic ulcer and also enhances blood circulation and known for its anti diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Lutein is the only dietary oxycarotenoid found in both the macula and lens of the human eye, and acts as blocker of blue light damage, quench reactive oxygen species, prevent age related macular degeneration, cataracts, cardiovascular disease and lung cancer. Original Research Article Aim: The objective of the present investigation was to characterize the lutein content and antioxidant potential of Kavuni and released mega varieties of rice (ASD 16, Swarna Sub1) and its derivatives obtained from crosses ASD 16 and Kavuni; Swarna S Methodology & Results: It was found that lutein (quantified by HPLC) was much higher in Kavuni (225 μg/100 g) compared with white rice varieties (ASD 16 μg/100 g) and the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl antioxidant potential) were in the order (Kavuni >>ASD16, Swarna Sub1. Pigmented grain genotypes having higher lutein content had higher percentage of free radical scavenging activity of DPPH and lower IC50 values compared to non pigmented genotypes. Conclusion: It is conceivable that the medicinal landraces of rice could be exploited as one of the potential sources for plant based pharmaceutical products.
Pattern of Carbapenem Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

The global emergence and spread of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae have been threatening the ability to treat an infection. Hence the present study was carried out with the aim to isolate important members of Enterobacteriaceae family with identification of carbapenem resistant isolates among them. The study was done in the Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Medical College with collaboration of different disciplines of RMCH from January 2019 to December 2019. Samples were collected purposively. Causative organisms were isolated by culture and identified by colonial morphology, gram staining and relevant biochemical tests. Identified Enterobacteriaceae those showed resistance to carbapenem (imipenem, meropenem) were tested phenotypically by Modified Hodge Test (MHT) to see carbapenemase production. A total of 97 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 275 samples. E. coli (54.64%) was the most frequent isolate. By Modified Hodge Test, 19(19.59%) bacteria were phenotypically confirmed as Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). This study signifies that carbapenem resistance is increasing at an alarming rate.
Synthesis of magnetite iron pumice composite for heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of dyes

The removal of two dyes, namely Methylene Blue (MB) and Reactive Brillant Red (RR) from aqueous solution was investigated using magnetite iron coated pumice (MIP) composite in the Fenton-like oxidation process. A weight ratio of 2.5 g (with the molar ratio of Fe3+ to Fe2+ to be 2) (5%) of iron to the total pumice (50 g) was enabled during synthesis of catalyst. Surface composition and characteristics of the catalyst were assessed by SEM-EDX, FT-IR, Raman spectral analysis. The effect of the amount of pumice solely used or MIP, H2O2 concentration, pH and initial concentration of MB or RR dyes on Fenton-like process efficiency was investigated. EDAX spectrums of pumice and MIP showed that oxygen and silisium are the major elements. The Fe content of MIP increased to 2.24%. SEM, FT-IR and Raman spectrums confirmed the impregnation of Fe on pumice surface. The experimental results revealed that high removal rates of dyes could be obtained using MIP that demonstrated a higher stability for removal of MB dye. pH affected the removal efficiency of both dyes and the degradation of both dyes was sharply dropped when pH was increased above 4. The removal of dyes did not significantly change with increasing H2O2 concentration. Degradation rates of both MB and RR dyes increased 3.3 and 2.8 times with the use of MIP compared to pumice alone, respectively. Furthermore, MIP enabled a good removal efficiency at higher dye concentrations. It can be emphasized that MIP composite can be used in the heterogeneous Fenton-like systems considering the economic and easily separation aspects.