Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avaliação de cultivares de milho crioulo em sistema de baixo nível tecnológico - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v32i2.430

With the advent of modern agriculture, landrace seeds were replaced by hybrid cultivars, which feature high grain yield potential – though more dependent on intensive technologies. The objective of this work was to evaluate maize landraces, in order to identify more productive materials that can lead a sustainable process in which the grains themselves in which can be used as seed. Fifteen maize varieties were evaluated, with commercial cultivars BR 106 and IPR 114 as controls. The experiments were carried out in Arapongas and Imbau (Parana State), during the 2004/2005 agricultural year, without external input. The design used was randomized blocks with four replications. The plots were two 4-m rows, spaced 90 cm apart, with 20 plants/row. The landrace varieties P-13, P-15 and P-05 showed high productive potential in low technological level systems, at each location, as well as in the average of both locales. The varieties P-19 and P-10 have their recommendation restricted to Imbau, while P-16 and P-17 will be indicated for Arapongas.
Phoresy of astigmatic mites on ticks and fleas in Poland

Abstract Phoresy is an association in which a small animal clings to a larger one exclusively for transportation. We searched for phoretic mites on fleas and ticks of small mammals. A total of 169 fleas of 7 species were collected in the Białowieża Forest (E Poland) and in Kosewo G órne (NE Poland) in July and August in 2007 and 2008. Moreover, 20 nymphs and 12 females of Ixodes hexagonus (Leach, 1815) were collected in the beaver farm of the Research Station of Polish Academy of Sciences in Popielno (NE Poland) in April and May 2009. Phoretic mites were found on 26 fleas (15.4%) of the following species: Megabothris walkeri (Rothschild, 1902), Megabothris turbidus (Rothschild, 1909), Ctenophthalmus agyrtes (Heller, 1896), and Hystrichopsylla orientalis (Smit, 1956). The mites were located mainly on abdominal sternites. Among ticks, only one female was positive for mites, whose larvae (hypopi) were found on its legs. A total of 6 species of mites were identified. On I. hexagonus, we found Acarus farris (Oudemans, 1905) (53 larvae), Acarus siro (L., 1758) (2 larvae), Acarus nidicolous (Griffiths, 1970) (1 larva), Caloglyphus rhizoglyphoides (Zachvatkin, 1937) (1 larva), and Histiostoma feroniarum (Dufour, 1904) (28 larvae), whereas on fleas, 79 larvae of Acarus nidicolous, 1 male of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781), and 1 unidentified trombiculid larva. The last 2 mite specimens were found on M. turbidus. This is the first report on phoretic association of the flea H. orientalis and the tick I. hexagonus with mites
Microhabitat Selection by Three Stream-Dwelling Cyprinids: Blacktail Shiner (Cyprinella venusta), Bluntface Shiner (C. camura), and Striped Shiner (Luxilus chrysocephalus)

Abstract Cyprinids in small streams tend to segregate spatially to reduce competitive interaction and avoid predation. Understanding environmental parameters by which these fishes segregate provides valuable information on structure of fish guilds. Previous multivariate analyses of field data suggest spatial segregation occurs vertically within the water column and in relation to aquatic plants. In an experimental flume we controlled water flow and these two parameters to further investigate microhabitat partitioning of three cyprinid species: blacktail (Cyprinella venusta), bluntface (C. camura), and striped shiners (Luxilus chrysocephalus). Fish distribution relative to the environmental parameters was quantified with videography and expressed as percent occurrence. We observed significant differences across fish treatments in microhabitat selection relative to water flow and water column, and differences in species overlaps. These data support the idea that vertical position in water column is a major factor delineating resource gradients and maintaining habitat guilds. Blacktail shiners, however, showed a higher affinity to the upper water column than previously reported, and no differences were noted among the three shiners in their distributions relative to aquatic plants.
Methane bubbles in Lake Kinneret: Quantification and temporal and spatial heterogeneity

The amount of methane bubbles rising from the bottom of Lake Kinneret was quantified by using a dual‐beam echo sounder. Both echo‐counting (EC) and echo integration (EI) techniques were implemented. Bubbles can confound the identification of fish targets because their acoustic sizes strongly overlap. Analysis of vertical changes in densities in the anoxic hypolimnion (with no fish) indicated that multiple targets were most abundant near the bottom, which caused an essential bias of bubble density estimates by EC. EI was a reliable tool for assessment of bubble density near the bottom. In the upper part of the water column, both techniques provided similar estimates of density of targets (mainly bubbles) because they were measured between dense fish schools during the daytime. The mean acoustic size of rising bubbles decreased in the hypolimnion but increased in the epilimnion, suggesting change in the relative importance of factors controlling gas volume. In summer and fall 2001, the bubbles became predominant echo‐reflecting objects in the epilimnion. Temporal and spatial changes in bubble densities were highly heterogeneous, suggesting strong variability in factors affecting the gas ebullition. This variability should be taken into consideration when attempting to quantify the methane ebullition and assessing fish abundance in aquatic systems.
Effect of Dietary Garlic Source on Feed Utilization, Growth and Histopathology of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

The effects of garlic on the growth, survival and histology of Clarias gariepinus were examined during the period of eight weeks. One hundred and eighty (180) fingerlings with initial mean weight of 3.90 ± 0.02 were stocked at 15 fish per net happa (0.8 cm x 0.6 cm x 0.4 cm) suspended in an earthen pond of (12 m x 12 m x 1.5 m). Triplicate groups of fish with garlic feed inclusion were fed at 3% body weight with four Iso-nitrogenous diet (40% crude protein) in Treatment Diet1 (TD1) (control), Treatment Diet2 (TD2) 10%, Treatment Diet3 (TD3) 20% and Treatment Diet4 (TD4) 30% respectively. At the end of the experiment, mean weight gain (MWG), Feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and total protein consumed (TPC) were statistically close among the Treatments. The highest MWG (53.63 ± 0.63) was recorded in fish fed with T4 while the lowest was recorded in fish fed T1 (41.73 ± 0.63). Specific growth ratio (SGR) was high in fish fed T4 (3.04 ± 0.06) and low in T3 (2.32 ± 0.04). The Treatment with the highest Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was T3 (2.57 ± 0.03) and the lowest was in T1 (2.11 ± 0.05). The overall best Treatment was Treatment 4 with 30% inclusion level of garlic source. The histological examinations show no visible lesion in the liver and gut of all the Treatments except Treatment 3 with diffuse vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytes, the gills in Treatment 4 has the epithelial cells of the secondary lamellae fused and proliferated. Result obtained in this study indicated that 30% garlic inclusion rate in a compounded feed helps in feed utilization and growth Performance with no negative effect to the tissues.
Bemerkungen über cyrtodactyline Geckos aus Thailand nebst Beschreibungen von zwei neuen Arten (Reptilia: Gekkonidae)

Notes on Cyrtodactyline Gekkos from Thailand with Descriptions of Two New Species (Reptilia: Geckonidae) From a small collection of cyrtodactyline geckos made by J. NABHITABHATA in various parts of Thailand, four species are morphologically described. Two of them turned out to be new and are consequently described as Cyrtodactylus interdigitalis sp. nov. and Cyrtodactylus jarujini sp. nov. Whereas in the former it is very obvious that the new species is cladistically related to C. brevipalmatus (SMITH) and C. elok DRING by sharing the feature of interdigital membranes, the relationships of the latter are not quite clear. From its habitus and colouration this new species is similar to C. khasiensis (JERDON) and possibly C. medogensis (ZHAO & LI), but differs considerably from these by having femoral pores. Furthermore, a sample of the poorly known C. oldhami (THEOBALD) with an unusual colour pattern and a single female specimen of C. brevipalmatus (SMITH) are described. For each species ecological data are supplied additionally.
Phytoplankton studies in the fjords of West Spitzbergen: physical environment and production in spring and summer

The phytoplankton in the fjords of West Spitzbergen was investigated from 1978 to 1985. The spring bloom lasted longer than at the Norwegian coast: from mid March to early June. There is no delay in the onset of the spring bloom in Spitzerbergen fjords relative to fjords of northern Norway
The ascent migration of Calanus finmarchicus from overwintering depths in the Faroe–Shetland Channel

The Faroe–Shetland Channel is an important overwintering area for the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in the north-east Atlantic. Stage V copepodites descend to depths of greater than 600 m, where they remain in an arrested development state (diapause) until the following spring. The ascent of the copepods back to the surface waters in the spring was investigated by six surveys in the Faroe–Shetland Channel between October 1993 and May 1995. In February, the first animals emerged from diapause and moulted to become stage VI males; these ascended to depths of 300–500 m. Females constituted a higher proportion of animals that emerged later in the season and these ascended through the layer of males, presumably mating on the way, and proceeded to the upper 100 m to begin spawning in March. Emergence was not synchronous in the population, and was estimated to occur over a 60–70 day period beginning around 10 February. The mean ascent rate of individuals was estimated to be 15–20 m day–1, so that for any individual the ascent from a mean overwintering depth of 800 m to a depth of 100 m took between 35 and 47 days. The ascent migration resulted in the mass transfer of the C. finmarchicus stock from its overwintering habitat in the cold southerly flowing Norwegian Sea Deep Water of Arctic origin to warm northerly flowing Atlantic water masses. The extent of asynchrony suggests that emergence is probably not triggered by environmental cues. An alternative hypothesis for regulation of the life cycle is proposed that involves reduced development rates during the winter.
The impact of decreased Rubisco on photosynthesis, growth, allocation and storage in tobacco plants which have been transformed with antisense rbcS

Summary Transgenic tobacco plants tranformed with antisense to rbcS to decrease expression of ribulose-1,5bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) have been used to investigate (a) whether Rubisco is limiting for photosynthesis and plant growth and (b) whether biomass allocation and storage of carbohydrate and nitrogen are regulated in response to decreased rate of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis (measured in growth conditions) and plant growth were not strongly inhibited until almost half of the Rubisco was removed. When Rubisco was decreased further there was a large decrease of photosynthesis and plant growth. When photosynthesis decreased in the ‘antisense’ plants there was an increase in the shoothoot ratio and the specific leaf area. As a result, the leaf area ratio (leaf area per g plant dry weight) increased 3-4-fold. This shows that tobacco compensates for decreased photosynthesis by maximizing leaf area. The decrease of photosynthesis also resulted in lower starch and free hexose in the leaf, but the volume of the diurnal starch turnover was largely maintained. This indicates that partitioning to starch is regulated to decrease non-productive accumulation of starch, but still maintain a pool of transient starch for export during the night. The decrease of photosynthesis was also accompanied by a large increase of the nitrogen1 carbon balance, due to a large accumulation of nitrate in the leaf. This shows that assimilation of nitrate is inhibited in response to low availability of photo
A New Beaked Whale (Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) from the Middle Miocene of Peru

ABSTRACT On the basis of a partial odontocete (toothed whale) skeleton (complete skull with associated ear bones, mandible, teeth, hyoid bones, and cervical vertebrae) from the middle Miocene (ca. 14–12 Ma) levels of the Pisco Formation at Cerro los Quesos, Pisco-Ica desert, southern coast of Peru, a new genus and species of beaked whale (Ziphiidae), Nazcacetus urbinai, is described. This small ziphiid, the best documented fossil species to date, is characterized by a strong reduction of the upper and lower dentitions except for a pair of large apical mandibular teeth, a Tasmacetus-like vertex, a short mandibular symphysis, and the abrupt elevation of the dorsal margin of the mandible towards the coronoid process. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that Nazcacetus is a crown ziphiid, in a more crownward position than Berardiinae and Tasmacetus, but branching before the Hyperoodontinae and Ziphiinae lineages. Several morphological traits observed in Nazcacetus, including the reduction of teeth, the small temporal fossa, and the large hamular process, suggest that this taxon possessed the suction feeding capacities of Recent ziphiids, a specialization possibly related to the exploitation by the early ziphiids of a new ecological niche. The presence of large apical teeth on the mandible of Nazcacetus, a character highly dimorphic in recent ziphiids, might indicate that sexual dimorphism was already present as early in ziphiid evolutionary history as the middle Miocene, a hypothesis supported by the nested position of Nazcacetus in the ziphiid phylogenetic tree.
Triacylglycerol Species of Less Common Edible Vegetable Oils

Abstract Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods used for the detection and quantification of triacylglycerol (TAG) species present in less common edible vegetable oils (almond, hazelnut, pumpkin seed, safflower, sesame, walnut, and wheatgerm oils) are reviewed. For these oils, as well as for thistle oil and high-oleic sunflower oil, for which no data exist on their TAG composition, both high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) chromatographic plus spectrometric techniques have also been performed. Triacylglycerol comparison of the data found in the literature is also presented. Five fatty acyl moieties (palmitoyl-, stearoyl-, oleoyl-, linoleoyl-, and linolenoyl-) are found to mainly contribute to the formation of TAG species of the aforementioned edible vegetable oils, whereas six more (palmitoleoyl-, arachidoyl-, gadoleoyl-, heptadecenoyl-, margaroyl-, and erucoyl-) are reported as minors. Only 19 to 33 TAG make up the mass of these oils. These TAG are also found in most common edible oils, thus indicating a “uniformity” in the minor and main TAG composition of edible vegetable oils. Trioleoyl-glycerol predominates in almond (13.3–48.6%), hazelnut (35.3–57.9%), and high oleic sunflower (44.2% and 52.9%) oils, trilinoleoyl-glycerol in safflower (40.1–49.7%), thistle (36.9% and 46.0%), walnut (25.9–38.1%), and wheatgerm (15.7–33.0%) oils. Sesame and pumpkin seed oils are rich in dioleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (5.9–17.5%, 9.5% and 18.6%, respectively) and oleoyl-dilinoleoyl-glycerol (8.0–18.7% and 12.8–21.1%, respectively).
The effect of autoxidation of lemon‐grass oil on its antibacterial activity

The effect of autoxidation of lemon‐grass oil on its antibacterial activity has been studied. Using the Active Oxygen method, the oil was found to undergo rapid oxidation under accelerated test conditions. The oxidized oil samples were found to have reduced activity against bacteria. This activity was completely lost in extensively oxidized oil samples. Inclusion of antioxidants in the oil samples reduced the rate of oxidation and enhanced the antibacterial activity of the oil. The effects of the antioxidants were concentration dependent, and at their effective concentrations, oxidation was completely prevented for the period of the test.
The Impact of Hardwood Line-Planting on Tree and Amphibian Diversity in a Secondary Subtropical Wet Forest of Southeast Puerto Rico

The impact on tree and amphibian diversity of line-planting of tropical hardwoods—mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla × S. mahagoni) and mahoe (Hibiscus elatus)—was studied in a secondary subtropical wet forest of Puerto Rico. Common coqui (Eleutherodactylus coqui) and melodious coqui (E. wightmanae) are the most frequent frog species; forest coqui (E. portoricensis) is less abundant. Although relative abundance means were slightly greater in the undisturbed forest and during the wet season, differences were not statistically significant suggesting that line-planting did not significantly affect amphibian diversity. The line-planted areas had a slightly higher, but not statistically significant diversity, richness, and evenness of tree species than the unplanted forest. Multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP) showed statistically significant community composition differences between line-planting and control plot trees (T = −5.89, A = .86; p < .001). But mean similarity among plots in both the line-planted and control plots was relatively low at less than 50% of shared species, indicating high diversity of vegetation in the overall forest area. Canopy cover by tree species greater than 3 cm in dbh was much higher in the undisturbed forest but this difference may be reduced as the young line-planted hardwoods mature. Forest enrichment through line-planting of valuable timber species in secondary subtropical wet forest does not significantly affect tree diversity.
Repeatability of Egg Shell Quality Measurements Within Individual Hens

Abstract Correlations of egg measurements between eggs laid by the same hen were examined using two experimental strains of White Leghorns, a control strain and a strain selected for high production and specific gravity. Eggs were collected for 56 days from 72 birds, that is, 18 pullets and 18 force-molted hens from each strain. At the beginning of the experiment, the pullets were 342 days of age and the force-molted hens 721 days of age. Egg variables measured were egg and shell weight, specific gravity, nondestructive deformation, quasi-static compression force to fracture, and shell thickness. Correlations between the same measurements on eggs laid 1 day apart were . 89, . 82, . 67, . 36, . 50, and . 54, respectively; these correlations decreased relatively little even for eggs laid 40 days apart. Correlations between mean measures on eggs gathered over successive 14-day periods were much higher – . 94, . 90, . 84, . 78, . 85 and . 81, respectively – reflecting the diminished influence of random variation within bird. Correlations within age-strain groups were smaller than the overall values, but the correlations seemed generally consistent from group to group. These results indicate that the measurements of shell strength from eggs of a bird provide a reliable indicator of the strength of future egg shells from that bird.
Silver eel migration behaviour in the Baltic

Westerberg, H. , Lagenfelt, I. , and Svedang, H. 2007. Silver eel migration behaviour in the Baltic. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1457-1462Female silver eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) were tagged with data storage tags and released in the Baltic Sea at the same time at a single site on the east coast of Sweden. Data on temperature, light, and depth were obtained from six eels, continuous records for 71 d at sea. The swimming behaviour was similar for all fish, almost stereotyped: swimming activity was between dusk and dawn, starting at a light level corresponding to civic twilight and ending in the morning at generally the same light level. During daylight, the eels rested on the seabed at depths of 2-36 m. Swimming depth was typically close to the surface: up to 95% of swimming time was spent within 0.5 m of the surface. Short dives at irregular intervals (some 1-2 h −1 ) were made down to the thermocline depth, or occasionally, to the seabed. The duration of such dives were typically 5-10 min. Although only a few days at liberty, the eels had migrated a considerable distance between recapture and release sites, indicating a mean rate of travel of ∼16 km d −1 . The recapture positions suggested unidirectional movements towards the southwestern Baltic Sea, i.e. close to the straits leading to the ocean, supporting a belief that the recorded movements were related to eel spawning migratory behaviour.
Temporal patterns and variations in phytoplankton community organization and abundance in Narragansett Bay during 1959–1980

Incident irradiance, surface water temperature and phytoplankton species abundances were measured at weekly intervals in Narragansett Bay from 1959 through 1980. Stepwise discriminant analyses (SDA) of this 22-year data set indicate that fundamental ecosystem changes occurred between the 1960s and 1970s, with 1969 being the key transitional year in these decadal shifts in phyto- plankton taxonomic structure and seasonal abundance. This decadal shift was accompanied by the increased summer abundance of small Thalassiosira spp. , which first appeared in 1966 and by 1969 became the sixth most important phytoplankton component in this bay. Decadal trends in phyto- plankton community organization and abundance were also accompanied by distinct long-term climatological gradients of temperature and light. The 1960s were generally colder and brighter than the 1970s. Prior to 1969, the annual phytoplankton maximum occurred most commonly during winter; in the 1970s, the annual maximum generally shifted to a summer event. Three 5-year phytoplankton cycles occurred between 1959 and 1974. During each pentade, the phytoplankton community returned to a similar taxonomic organization and abundance cycle after diverging in the intervening years. Pentade cycles did not occur after 1974; the phytoplankton community thereafter diverged signifi- cantly from each preceding year. Five species (Skeletonema costatum, Detonula confervacea, Asteri- onellopsis glacialis, Heterosigma akashiwo (= Olislhodiscus luteus) and Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii) dominated the phytoplankton over the 22-year period. SDA revealed a high degree of similarity and constancy in the annual occurrence patterns of these taxa. The decadal shifts revealed by SDA were more directly related to the considerable interannual variability that characterized the abundance and seasonality of the less abundant species.