Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Problem-solving ability of primary school teachers based on Polya's method in Mataram City

Problem-solving is an important competency that must be owned by students. Problem-solving skills can facilitate students in understanding, connecting, and using mathematical concepts. Even so, mistakes in solving mathematical problems are still made by students. One reason is the lack of habituation of problem-solving in learning mathematics. Teachers who have good problem-solving skills will find it easier to teach and do an activity about problem-solving in learning mathematics. The purpose of this study is to describe the problem-solving ability of primary school teachers based on Polya’s method. This research method is descriptive-qualitative. The research subjects were primary mathematics teachers who taught in Mataram City, Indonesia. Each research subject solved three mathematical problems correctly and the problem-solving process will be analyzed based on Polya's method. The results obtained are teachers from city and suburb schools doing three indicators, namely identifying information on the problem, carrying out the procedure according to plan, and doing calculations correctly. Indicators of problem-solving that are not done are writing problem questions, making mathematical models, and writing final conclusions.Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Guru Sekolah Dasar Berdasarkan Metode Polya di Kota MataramAbstrakPemecahan masalah adalah salah satu kompetensi yang cukup penting. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memahami, menghubungkan, dan menggunakan konsep-konsep matematika. Meskipun begitu, kesalahan dalam pemecahan masalah matematika masih dilakukan oleh siswa. Salah satu sebabnya adalah kurangnya pembiasan pemecahan masalah pada pembelajaran matematika di sekolah. Guru yang memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang baik, akan lebih mudah mengajarkan dan membiasakan pemecahan masalah pada pembelajaran matematika di sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada guru SD di Kota Mataram. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah guru matematika SD yang mengajar di pusat dan pinggiran Kota Mataram. Masing-masing subjek penelitian menyelesaikan tiga masalah matematika dengan benar dan akan dianalisis proses penyelesaian masalahnya berdasarkan metode Polya. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah guru dari sekolah kota dan pinggiran melakukan tiga indikator, yakni mengidentifikasi informasi pada masalah, melakukan prosedur penyelesaian sesuai rencana, dan melakukan perhitungan dengan benar. Indikator penyelesaian masalah yang tidak dilakukan adalah menuliskan pertanyaan masalah, membuat model matematika, dan menuliskan kesimpulan akhir.
Mathematical and Numerical Analysis of Flow in Deformable Porous Media

This dissertation focuses on the mathematical analysis and numerical solution of coupled deformationand flow-related processes in porous media, modeled by the theory of poroelasticity. It comprises contributions within three topics: the gradient flow structures of quasi-static thermo-poro-visco-elastic processes in porous media; the numerical analysis and fine-tuning of the fixed-stress split for Biot’s consolidation model; and the well-posedness analysis and robust solution of unsaturated poro-elasticity. The fluid-structure interaction of fluids and porous solid materials is of great relevance for various applications within geotechnical, reservoir, structural, and biomedical engineering. Depending on the application different characteristics of a poro-elastic system may be relevant. In order to correctly predict such complex systems, accurate well-posed models are needed – as well as their robust numerical solution. As part of this thesis, a unified gradient flow framework is established for the modelling of coupled hydro-mechanical processes in porous media driven by the dissipation of energy. By involving thermodynamic knowledge, it allows for instance for the modelling of non-linearly compressible single-phase flow or non-Darcy flow within a non-linearly elastic (but geometrically linear) or visco-elastic, solid matrix – besides classical, linear poro-elasticity. The framework lays a foundation for the unified mathematical and numerical analysis of these models. In particular, well-posedness is established based on the abstract theory of doubly non-linear evolution equations. Furthermore, block-partitioned iterative solvers, exploiting the inherent block structure of coupled problems, are naturally developed by means of block-coordinate descent methods (with optional line search) for block-separable minimization problems, arising from the discretization of gradient flow formulations. Those are equipped with strong robustness properties under mild conditions, and allow for exploiting tailored, individual solver technology for the physical subproblems. On the one hand, the framework covers well-established theory fortifying its capability. For instance, applied to Biot’s consolidation model, the widely-used fixed-stress split arises naturally, and guaranteed convergence rates consistent with the literature are derived. On the other hand, novel splitting schemes with guaranteed convergence rates are determined for more involved models as, e.g., linear poro-visco-elasticity. After all, the methodology applies equally to linear as to non-linear problems. Biot’s quasi-static consolidation model constitutes the simplest coupled model accounting for single-phase flow in a linearly elastic porous medium. At the same time it represents the prototype for any coupled poro-elasticity model. Consequently, a thorough understanding of this simple model is required in order to optimally solve more involved models. In
Treatment, Palliative Care or Euthanasia? Comparing End of Life Issues in Human and Veterinary Medicine

Not a lot is known about either death or the dying process. Politicians and the medical profession in the UK tend to shy away from interfering with it by not allowing euthanasia as an end of life option for the patient. This is the first paper in a series of two, comparing the situation in human medicine and veterinary medicine, in which euthanasia is well practiced for relieving suffering at the end of life. This first part takes the form of a literature review including best practice around end of life care, its deficiencies and the need for assisted dying. Veterinary surgeons are well trained in the ethics of euthanasia and put it to good use in the best interest of their animal patients. In countries which have legalized physician assisted suicide for the terminally ill reporting indicates that it works well, without increases in involuntary euthanasia and most importantly without intimidation of the vulnerable. However, there is still an ever increasing tendency to overuse sedation and opioids at the end of life, which merits further investigation. With advances in medical science able to significantly prolong the dying process, patient autonomy demands a review of the law in the UK.
A community audit of prescribing for the frail elderly with reference to the STOPP criteria

Background: The aims of this prospective audit were to 1. Identify the medications taken by a cohort of patients assessed at home 2. Determine concordance with the provided list and 3. Determine if the medications could potentially lead to adverse events. The Screening Tool of Older Persons Prescriptions (STOPP) was used. Methods: 192 consecutive patients were assessed during 2012 by ACAT assessors. Medications were recorded by examination of blister packs and medication containers in the home. Concordance with the list contained in the referral letter was recorded and STOPP criteria were identified. Results: Of 192 patients, 128 were referrals generated from outside the department and these cases were analysed. Of these 92/128 included a medication list on the referral. Of 99 referrals from GPs, 10 did not contain a list of medications. Of the 92 lists, only 34 (37%) were accurate (27% of 128 referrals examined). Compliance was difficult to assess but the majority were not taking all their medications according to standard prescribing. Using the STOPP criteria, 116 instances of inappropriate prescribing were identified in 37.5% of the group. The five commonest criteria were long acting benzodiazepines, use of vasodilators in the presence of postural hypotension, duplicate drug from a single class, long term use of opioid analgesia and long term use of anti-psychotics in the absence of psychosis. Conclusions: Frail elderly patients do not present with accurate medication lists. The majority of patients take potentially harmful medications. These findings have implications for prescribing, monitoring communication between components of the health care system.
Inflammatory status and metabolic changes at dry-off in high-yield dairy cows

Abstract Our study investigates metabolic changes occurring at dry-off and the contribution of milk yield (MY) in such alterations. Thirteen Holsteins were dried off at 55 days from expected calving day (assumed as 0 days from dry-off, DFD) and divided in two groups according to their average daily MY in the last week of lactation, assuming a cut-off of 15 kg·d−1: low MY (7 cows) and high MY (6 cows). From −7 to 34 DFD dry matter intake (DMI) and rumination time were measured. Blood samples were collected at −7, 2, 7, 27 and 34 DFD to assess an haematological and metabolic profile and at −7, 7 and 34 DFD to test functions of circulating white blood cell (WBC) through ex vivo challenges. Data were included in a mixed model for repeated measures assuming MY at dry-off, time and their interaction as fixed effects. After dry-off, DMI was reduced and rumination time was increased in all the animals. High MY cows had greater DMI and rumination time than low MY cows. In blood, WBC counts decreased at 7 DFD and increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines at 7 and 34 DFD. Plasmatic concentrations of liver enzymes indicators, positive acute phase proteins (APPs); and nitrogen species increased after dry-off. Conversely, negative APPs and antioxidant species decreased. Those alterations were more marked in high MY animals. This study suggests that dry-off decreased liver function, triggered a systemic inflammation and depleted antioxidant systems, especially in the group of cows with high MY at dry-off. Highlights Inflammation, liver dysfunctions and altered redox balance has been detected after dry-off in all the animals. Cows with highest milk yield before halting of milk removal faced the most severe metabolic challenges. Such founding indicates the management of dry-off as a key point for dairy cows health.
Evaluation of the correlation between SPAD readings and absolute chlorophyll content of maize under different nitrogen supply conditions

Currently, one of the most important objectives of agriculture is to maintain the principles of the sustainability. The use of precision technologies in agriculture belongs to this topic. The use of precision technologies is increasingly widespread in the cultivation of various agricultural crops, including maize. Sensing is an important part of these techniques. In our experiment we compared two methods: measuring relative chlorophyll content and the method of determine the extractable chlorophylls. The experimental plant was maize (Zea mays L.) and the measurements were performed at an early development stage (V8) of three genotypes. Three levels of nitrogen (0; 80; 160 kg ha-1) were applied during the experiment. The relative chlorophyll content was measured by SPAD-502 (Minolta, Japan) and a handheld GreenSeeker (Trimble, USA) device. The extractable total chlorophyll content decreased in parallel with the increased nitrogen level. The obtained SPAD values were diversified furthermore the NDVI values have not been changed for the effect of different nitrogen fertilization. In the early stages of development of maize, these parameters need to be complemented with other measurements to provide reliable information about the crops nitrogen status.
The Role Of The Highly Conserved Non-Coding Element M2de1 On The Regulation Of The Expression Of The Meis2 And Zgc:154061 Genes

The Meis genes are members of the three amino acid loop extension (TALE) class, of the homeobox super gene family. Transcription factors encoded by Meis genes act as cofactors with other homeodomain proteins to regulate the expression of target genes during early embryonic development. The Zerucha lab, has identified four highly conserved noncoding elements (m2de1-4) associated with the Meis2 gene that are hypothesized to represent enhancers controlling Meis2 expression. In addition, m2de1 has been found to be in an intron of the zgc:154061 gene. One possible reason for the linkage of the Meis2 and zgc:154061 genes is that they are sharing regulatory elements. I report here that meis2a and zgc:154061 are expressed in a similar pattern as a transgene directed by m2de1. Excision of a region of m2de1 using CRISPR/Cas9 results in decreases in expression of both meis2a and zgc:154061 in these overlapping regions. In addition, knocking down pax6b expression in zebrafish lead to a similar decrease in expression of meis2a and zgc:154061. Together these results suggest that m2de1 is indeed a shared regulatory element controlling meis2a and zgc:154061 expression.
Using Radiotelemetry to Evaluate Poststocking Survival and Behavior of Large Fingerling Walleye in Three Iowa, USA, Lakes

Stocking Walleye Sander vitreus is a common management tool to augment populations where natural reproduction is limited. Some hatcheries have progressively raised larger fingerling Walleye to improve post-stocking survival; however, little is known about large fingerling Walleye poststocking survival and behavior. Our objectives were to evaluate large fingerling Walleye (>200 mm TL) post-stocking daily apparent survival, depth use, dispersal, and home range size in three Iowa, USA lakes. Walleye (209-265 mm, n=15 per lake, 45 fish total) were implanted with radio tags, stocked 26-30 October 2017, and tracked until 30 May 2018. Cormack-Jolly-Seber recapture models estimated Walleye apparent survival increased with days post-stocking and Walleye length, resulting in 76% (95% CI: 44-89%) cumulative survival by May. Walleye in Brushy Creek were located in deeper water (mean = 5.1 m, SE = 0.2) than Big Creek (mean = 3.3 m, SE = 0.2) or East Okoboji (mean = 1.7 m, SE = 0.1) but depth use did not vary with days poststocking. Walleye dispersed an average of 1,355 m (SE = 234) within 13 d across all lakes with home range size larger in Big Creek (67.9 ha, SE = 21.7) than Brushy Creek (15.5 ha, SE = 15.7) and East Okoboji (31.0 ha, SE = 14.0). Our results indicate Walleye post-stocking survival is high overall with most mortality occurring within 20 d as Walleye are dispersing, suggesting managers should focus on improving survival during this critical period to improve stocking success. Disciplines Aquaculture and Fisheries | Natural Resources Management and Policy | Population Biology Comments This is a manuscript of an article published as Weber, Michael J., Robert E. Weber, Emily E. Ball, and Jonathan R. Meerbeek. "Using radio telemetry to evaluate post‐stocking survival and behavior of large fingerling Walleye in three Iowa, USA lakes. " North American Journal of Fisheries Management (2019). doi: 10.1002/nafm.10403. Posted with permission. This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/337 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/NAFM.10403 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved DR. MICHAEL JOHN WEBER (Orcid ID : 0000-0003-0430-3087) MRS. EMILY ELISE GRAUSGRUBER (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-4743-0935) Article type : Featured Paper Using radio telemetry to evaluate post-stocking survival and behavior of large fingerling Walleye in three Iowa, USA lakes Michael J. Weber*, Robert E. Weber, and Emily E. Ball Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA Jonathan R. Meerbeek Iowa Department of Natural Resources, 122 252nd Ave., Spirit Lake, Iowa, 51360, USA * Corresponding author: mjw@iastate.edu Running title: Stocked Walleye survival and behavior
A Review on Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Catalysts and Life Cycle Analysis Perspective

ABSTRACT Recovery of valuable metals such as cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium from spent catalysts has attracted much attention owing to the gradual depletion of high-grade ores. In this work, several hydrometallurgical methods have been reviewed for recovery of these metals from several spent catalysts. The main methods include adsorption, chelation, ion exchange, leaching, precipitation, and solvent extraction. The disadvantage of precipitation lies in the difficulty in recovering pure products. Acid leaching is generally preferred to basic leaching in the industry owing to high dissolution of valuable metals. Solvent extraction is effective in the separation of valuable metals. The adsorption and complexing with chelating agents offer useful means for selective metal recovery although the scale of its application in the industry is still limited. Ion exchange is suitable for the purification of metal ions. The combination of these techniques is recommended in developing a process. The heat treatment of spent catalysts facilitates the dissolution of valuable metals by the leaching and then the dissolved metal ions can be recovered by solvent extraction. The assessment of the environmental impacts, economics, and prediction of the industrial applicability of some processes have been discussed by the life cycle analysis (LCA). Employment of LCA method to evaluate the environmental aspects during the recovery of metals from spent catalysts is necessary in further research.
NIR Light Driven Terahertz Wave Modulator with a Large Modulation Depth Based on a Silicon‐PEDOT:PSS‐Perovskite Hybrid System

Terahertz (THz) all‐optical modulation, that is, the transformation from optical signal to THz signal, is critical for the THz communication system. Here, an ultrasensitive all‐optical modulator for THz waves based on a silicon‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐perovskite hybrid system is presented, with the silicon substrate as the photon absorption layer, which enables its near‐infrared (NIR) light driven THz modulation and exhibits a large modulation depth up to −45 dB under a moderate light intensity of 2.18 W cm−2. The enhanced modulation mechanism of the hybrid system is investigated, which demonstrates the essential role of PEDOT:PSS and passivated perovskite layers in promoting the charge separation at the interface and therefore increasing the surface photoconductivity of the device under light irradiation. This study opens a new window for the design and preparation of high‐performance THz photonic devices.
The Interactional Relationships Between Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk and Bank Profitability in MENA Region

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between credit risk, liquidity risks and bank profitability within the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. We selected data related to a sample of conventional banks observed during the period 2004–2015 and we performed the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method in the empirical section. The overall results suggest that profitability of MENA banks is negatively and significantly sensitive to an increase in credit and/or liquidity risks. This negative effect was confirmed for either the separate or the interaction effects of these two risks. Furthermore, the findings indicate that bank profitability decreases significantly the level of credit and liquidity risks. We also found that the law and order as institutional quality increases the profitability of MENA banks and decreases both credit and liquidity risks.
The role of Aspergillus fumigatus and other thermotolerant moulds in asthma

2 Authors statement . 4 Acknowledgements . 4 Table of contents . 6 1. Overview . 9 1.1 Filtering airway anatomy and physiology in relation to fungi . 10 1.2 Fungi and the aerospora . 12 1.2.1 Aspergillus fumigatus . 13 1.2.2 Fungal spores and fragment size . 14 1.3 Asthma, atopy, fungal sensitisation and Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis . 15 1.3. 1 Definition . 16 1.3. 2 Characteristics of disease . 17 1.3. 3 Range of fungal exposure . 17 1.3. 4 Definition of ABPA . 18 Literature Table 1-Diagnostic criteria used in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis description and studies. 20 1.4 Persistent airflow obstruction, airway inflammation and airway damage . 21 1.4. 1 Airway inflammation. 22 1.4. 2 Airway remodelling . 23 1.5 Critical review of current treatments for asthma and fungal allergy . 24 1.6 Steroid effect on fungi . 25 1.7 Itraconazole . 26 1.7. 1 Treatment of ABPA. 26 1.7. 2 Severe asthma with fungal sensitisation . 27 1.8 Voriconazole . 27 Literature Table 2 . 29 Hypothesis . 30 Aims . 30 2. Methods . 31 2.1 Patient and Control recruitment . 31 2.1.1 Control subjects . 31 2.1.2 Selection of patients . 31 2.1.3 Inclusion criteria . 31 2.1.4 Exclusion criteria . 32 2.2 Lung function testing . 32 2.2.1 Pre & Post broncho-dilator FEV1 . 32 2.3 Sputum induction, collection and processing . 32 2.3. 1 Processing . 33 2.4 Atopy assessment . 35 2.4. 1 Skin prick testingMould panel . 35 2.4. 2 Radioabsorbant immunoassay . 35
Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of methotrexate either alone or in combination with hydroxychloroquine in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis

The RA is a chronic, progressive inflammatory disease of the synovial lining of the peripheral joints marked by a symmetric peripheral polyarthritis and a wide spectrum of extra-articular features. The incidence of RA increases between 25 and 55 years of age, after which plateaus until the age of 75 years and then decreases. RA is more common among females than in males in the ratio of 2-3:1. RA affects approximately 0.5-1% of the population worldwide. Many studies from Africa and Asia show lower prevalence rates for RA in the range of 0.2-0.4%. The disease results from complex interplay of genetic, environmental and immunologic factors that produce disregulation of the immune system. The early symptoms of the disease are non-specific and patient may present with the constitutional symptoms as weight loss, fatigue, malaise and depression. ABSTRACT
Exploring the Association between Work-Family Conflict and Job Involvement among Private Correctional Staff

Abstract In private correctional institutions, staff are an important resource, since they are tasked with a myriad of duties necessary to operate a humane, safe, and secure facility. As political demands for budgetary restraint increase, it is paramount that administrators find and retain good staff. Staff retention is influenced by workplace factors. This study explored the four types o work-family (time-based conflict, strain-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, and family-based conflict) and their effects on job involvement. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression results indicated that age, position (correctional officers) and time-based conflict had negative effects on job involvement, and family-based conflict had positive effects.