Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Hedge Cues and their Scope in Biomedical Literature with Conditional Random Fields

Objective— Hedging is frequently used in both the biological literature and clinical notes to denote uncertainty or speculation. It is important for text-mining applications to detect hedge cues and their scope; otherwise, uncertain events are incorrectly identified as factual events. However, due to the complexity of language, identifying hedge cues and their scope in a sentence is not a trivial task. Our objective was to develop an algorithm that would automatically detect hedge cues and their scope in biomedical literature. Methodology— We used conditional random fields (CRF), a supervised machine-learning algorithm, to train models to detect hedge cue phrases and their scope in biomedical literature. The models were trained on the publicly available BioScope corpus. We evaluated the performance of the CRF models in identifying hedge cue phrases and their scope by calculating recall, precision and F1-score. We compared our models with three competitive baseline systems. Results— Our best CRF-based model performed statistically better than the baseline systems, achieving an F1-score of 88% and 86% in detecting hedge cue phrases and their scope in biological literature and an F1-score of 93% and 90% in detecting hedge cue phrases and their scope in clinical notes. Conclusions— Our approach is robust, as it can identify hedge cues and their scope in both biological and clinical text. To benefit text-mining applications, our system is publicly available as a Java API and as an online application at http://hedgescope.askhermes. org. To our knowledge, this is the first publicly available system to detect hedge cues and their scope in biomedical literature.
Hypoxia induces a phenotypic switch of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts through a MMP-2/TIMP mediated pathway: Implications for venous neointimal hyperplasia in hemodialysis access

Purpose— Hemodialysis grafts fail because of venous neointimal hyperplasia formation caused by adventitial fibroblasts which have become myofibroblasts ( α -smooth muscle actin positive cells) and migrate to the neointima. There is increased expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 α in venous neointimal hyperplasia formation in experimental animal model and clinical samples. We hypothesized that under hypoxic stimulus (HIF-1 α fibroblasts will convert to myofibroblasts through a matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mediated pathway. Materials and methods— Murine AKR-2B fibroblasts were made hypoxic or normoxic for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Protein expression for HIF-1 α , α -smooth muscle actin, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 was performed to determine the kinetic changes of these proteins. Immunostaining for α -smooth muscle actin, collagen, and fibronectin was performed. Results— At all time points, there was significantly increased expression of HIF-1 α in the hypoxic fibroblasts when compared to normoxic fibroblasts (P<0.05). There was significantly increased expression α -smooth muscle actin at all time points which peaked by 48 hours in
Plasma Beta Amyloid and Duration of Alzheimer’s Disease in Adults with Down Syndrome

Objective— To investigate the relation of plasma levels of A β peptides (A β 1-40 and A β 1-42) and Apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) genotype to dementia status and duration of Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome (DS). Methods— Adults with DS were recruited from community settings and followed up for a mean period of 6.7 years. Plasma levels A β 1-40 and A β 1-42 and APOE genotype were determined at the last visit. Results— There were 83 nondemented participants and 44 participants with prevalent AD. Overall, plasma levels of A β 1-42, A β 1-40 and the ratio A β 1-42/A β 1-40 did not differ significantly between the adults with DS. Among demented participants the mean level of A β 1-40 was significantly lower (157.0 vs. 195.3) and the ratio of A β 1-42/A β 1-40 was significantly higher (0.28 vs. 0.16) in those with more than 4 years duration of dementia than in those with 4 or fewer years duration of dementia. This pattern was generally similar in those with and without an APOE ε 4 allele. Conclusions— There is an association between plasma A β peptide levels and duration of AD in older persons with DS. The predictive and diagnostic roles of A β 1-42 and A β 1-40 measurements for AD, however, remain controversial. Change in A β peptide levels with onset of AD and with duration of dementia may account for lack of difference between prevalent cases and nondemented individuals and for variation in the predictive power of A β peptide levels.e in acquired These observations are consistent with those in the mouse Tg2576 model of AD showing increases in A β 1-40 and A β 1-42 with age and then decline in both CSF and plasma A β coincident with deposition of A β in brain and onset of behavioural deficits (Kawarabayashi et al. , 2001). These findings suggest that plasma levels of A β peptides increase in the preclinical phase of AD, then decline with onset of clinical dementia. of plasma A β to the presence and duration of AD in adults with DS and examine whether these relationships are modified in those carrying the apolipoprotein E ( APOE) ε 4 allele. We hypothesize that A β peptides levels in plasma decrease with duration of dementia, reflecting A β peptide deposition in the brain.
Mental health and functioning of children of low-income depressed mothers: Influences of parenting, family environment, and raters

Purpose— To extend understanding of the effects of maternal depression on children to low-income and minority families; to apply advanced analytic methods to incorporate the reports of mothers, fathers, and teachers on the emotional and behavior problems and adaptive skills of 4–10 year old urban children; and to examine parenting quality and family environment as possible explanations of high rates of problems among children whose mothers have depression compared to those whose mothers are not depressed. Methods— Mothers who participated either had major depressive disorder (n=84) or did not (n=49). They were predominantly African-American or Latino and lived in low-income, urban communities. Mothers, fathers, and teachers reported on children’s emotional, behavioral and adaptive functioning. Parenting behavior and family stress were examined as potential mediators and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to test mediation and to account for discrepancies in reports by different raters. family Conclusions— This study extends the literature on the effects of maternal depression to low-income, minority families, and demonstrates that mothers, fathers and teachers observe worse functioning in children of depressed mothers than those of non-depressed mothers, although their perspectives vary somewhat. The impact of maternal depression suggests the importance of developing and funding services to address the needs of affected families.
M ETA -GAN FOR F EW -S HOT I MAGE G ENERATION

While Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have rapidly advanced the state of the art in deep generative modeling, they require a large amount of diverse datapoints to adequately train, limiting their potential in domains where data is constrained. In this study, we explore the potential of few-shot image generation, enabling GANs to rapidly adapt to a small support set of datapoints from an unseen target domain and generate novel, high-quality examples from that domain. To do so, we adapt two common meta-learning algorithms from few-shot classification– Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) and Reptile–to GANs, meta-training the generator and discriminator to learn an optimal weight initialization such that fine-tuning on a new task is rapid. Empirically, we demonstrate how our MAML and Reptile meta-learning algorithms, meta-trained on tasks from the MNIST and SVHN datasets, rapidly adapt at test time to unseen tasks and generate high-quality, photorealistic samples from these domains given only tens of support examples. In fact, we show that the generated image quality of these few-shot adapted models is on par with that of a baseline model vanilla-trained on thousands of samples from the same domain. Intriguingly, meta-training also takes substantially less time to converge compared to baseline training, indicating the power and efficiency of our approach. We also demonstrate the generalizability of our algorithms, working with both CNNand Transformer-parametrized GANs. Overall, we present our MAML and Reptile meta-learning algorithms as effective strategies to enable few-shot image generation, improving the feasibility of deep generative models in practice.
Herpes Simples Virus Type 2 Shedding From Male Circumcision Wounds in Rakai, Uganda

A prospective observational study of 176 men coinfected with human immunode ﬁ ciency virus and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was conducted to assess whether their sexual partners may be at an increased risk of HSV-2 from male circumcision (MC) wounds. Preoperative and weekly penile lavage samples were tested for penile HSV-2 shedding. Prevalence risk ratios (PRRs) were estimated using Poisson regression. Detectable penile HSV-2 shedding was present in 9.7% of men (17 of 176) before MC, compared with 12.9% (22 of 170) at 1 week (PRR, 1.33; 95% con ﬁ dence interval [CI], .74 – 2.38) and 14.8% (23 of 155) at 2 weeks (PRR, 1.50; 95% CI, .86 – 2.62) after MC. HSV-2 shedding was lower among men with healed MC wounds (adjusted PRR, 0.62; 95% CI, .35 – 1.08). Men undergoing MC should be counseled on sexual abstinence and condom use.
Advice-Driven Demand and Systematic Price Fluctuations

We show that advice in the form of mutual fund ratings generates correlated demand that creates systematic price fluctuations. Mutual fund investors chase fund performance via Morningstar ratings. Until June 2002, funds pursuing the same investment style had highly correlated ratings. Therefore, rating-chasing investors directed capital into winning styles, generating style-level price pressures that reverted over time. In June 2002, Morningstar reformed its methodology to equalize ratings across styles. Style-level correlated demand via mutual funds immediately became muted, significantly altering the time-series and cross-sectional variation of style returns. Advice-driven demand also explains substantial variation in the size and value factors.
Reutilización del dispositivo de progesterona (CIDR) asociado con protocolos de corta duración en cabras

The effect of the so-called Short-Term Protocol (6 to 9 day progesterone treatment + eCG) on oestrous, progesterone plasma concentration and fertility was studied in goats (SRD). Females were subjected to estrous synchronization protocols with a re-use of intravaginal progesterone devices (CIDR) with 0.3 g of progesterone. The goats were randomly in three treatments (n=9/group); T1 (CIDR - 6d), T2 (CIDR - 9d) and T3 (CIDR - 13d). At dispositive withdrawal was administrated 500 UI intramuscular injection of eCG (equine chorionic gonadotropine). Blood samples by jugular venopunture for progesterone (P 4 ) plasma concentration determination were collected in four moments: collect 1 (CIDR insert); collect 2 (CIDR withdrawal); collect 3 (estrous day) and collect 4 (at day 21 after natural service). The variables were evaluated with the variance analysis under GLM procedures of statistical package SAS. Goats were checked for oestrous. The onset of the synchronized estrous after removal CIDR did not show differences (P>0.05) and the interval were longer in T1 (94.74±82,60 h) than T2(55.19±28.27 h) and T3(52.89±29.66 h). No significant differences were observed in pregnancy rate (number pregnant goats/number goats treated) with results of 66.67; 44.44 and 44.44% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. In summary, the results of this study show that the re-use of the devices, associated with the short-term protocol for 6 or 9 days is possible in goats (SRD) in tropical environment conditions of Colombia.
Genetic correlates of morphine withdrawal in fourteen inbred mouse strains

Male mice from 14 standard inbred strains were exposed to morphine in a sustained released preparation injected subcutaneously. Five hours later withdrawal was precipitated by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone. Mice were tested from 0 to 15 minutes after naloxone for withdrawal jumping behavior, and then from minute 15–16 for other signs, including boli count, presence of soft stool, lacrimation, “wet dog” shakes, and air chewing. They were also assessed for change in body temperature 17 minutes after naloxone. Strains differed markedly in the severity of withdrawal for jumping, change in body temperature, and number of fecal boli. Strains also differed in percentage of animals displaying soft stool and air chewing behavior. The other two signs were seen at too low frequency for analysis. Correlations of strain mean withdrawal severity with other responses to morphine and other abused drugs showed that high morphine withdrawal jumping and low change in body temperature were both genetically related to high morphine consumption, but not generally to other measures of morphine withdrawal or morphine sensitivity. drugs from a different pharmacologic class.
Involvement of m - and k -, but not d -, opioid receptors in the peristaltic motor depression caused by endogenous and exogenous opioids in the guinea-pig intestine

pressure Experiments with the d -opioid receptor antagonists naltrindole (30 n M ) and HS-378 (1 m M ), the k -opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (30 n M ) and the m -opioid receptor antagonist cyprodime (10 m M ) revealed that the antiperistaltic e(cid:128)ect of ICI-204,448 and BRL-52,537 was mediated by k -opioid receptors and that of morphine and DAMGO by m -opioid receptors. In contrast, the peristaltic motor inhibition caused by SNC-80 was unrelated to d -opioid receptor activation. Cyprodime were per intestinal peristalsis in PPT. 6 The results show that the neural circuits controlling peristalsis in the guinea-pig small intestine are inhibited by endogenous and exogenous opioids acting via m - and k -, but not d -, opioid receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 135, 741 –750
A High Performance Power Supply based on a Four-Leg Three-Level NPC Converter for Non-linear and Unbalanced Systems

Throughout this Dissertation, the reader will find a comprehensive review and discussion about the state of the art and future perspectives of VSI implemented in four-wire applications. The three-dimensional Space Vector Modulation problem for this kind of converters is extensively discussed and a simple modulation algorithm for a three-level four-leg NPC converter is proposed and successfully validated in an experimental rig. Afterwards, the proposed modulation technique is implemented in an aerospace application as a 400Hz, 110V, Ground Power Unit (GPU).
The asymmetric impact of oil price uncertainty on emerging market financial stress: A quantile regression approach

This study investigates the effects of the crude oil implied volatility index (OVX) upon emerging market financial stress (EMFS). We resort to a quantile regression framework as this approach is a better alternative to disentangle the relationship under different market conditions. Besides, we also examine how EMFS responds to the lags and asymmetries in the OVX. The empirical results show significantly positive impacts of OVX upon EMFS. Further, the effects of OVX become more assertive in the upper quantiles of EMFS, implying higher sensitivity to OVX when stress levels are high. In terms of the lagged effects, the relationship is transient as the OVX coefficients become weaker with increasing lag sizes. We further find that only positive impulses in OVX can significantly predict EMFS. Lastly, we report evidence that the Credit market stress is a crucial driver of EMFS.
Saving and subsidies for solar panel adoption in Nepal

ABSTRACT Greater use of household solar-panel systems has the potential to improve energy access and affordability while reducing the risk of climate change. This article uses a survey of 6,000 households in Nepal, a developing economy, to enhance understanding of the factors driving solar-system uptake by households. A key contribution is the breadth of analysis. We find important influences for economic, social, and locational factors. In contrast, physical dwelling aspects, such as roof material, appear to be less important. Social influences explain extra variation in solar-panel uptake, when comparing social and economic influences, although some variables could be classified in multiple categories. For example, membership in a women’s saving and credit cooperative is a socioeconomic factor that is associated with greater solar-panel adoption. Socioeconomic factors may be the most important for future policy innovations, given that existing policy already focuses on location. For instance, this article finds that solar adoption has been much higher in the most supported regions for the Renewable Energy Subsidy Policy.
Role of Celebrity Image-Congruence in Predicting Travel Behaviour Intention

The objective of this research was to investigate how the perceived image congruence of the traveller influences the relationship between celebrity endorser attributes and travel behaviour intentions in the tourism context. 310 respondents were surveyed using online convenient sampling in India. Hypotheses were tested using structured equation modelling. The results suggest that endorser celebrity traits of physical attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise positively impact a tourist’s intention to revisit or recommend the endorsed destination. Additionally, greater image congruence between the celebrity endorser and the endorsed destination is likely to result in higher intention of the traveller to visit the destination. The study contributes to the existing body of academic literature by demonstrating the combined influence of celebrity characteristics and image congruence on the travel intentions of a tourist. This research benefits the practitioners by suggesting that destinations should focus on carving a messaging strategy focusing on how the destination image is consistent with how the targeted traveller perceives himself or herself with the messaging source being a celebrity who is either physically attractive, trustworthy or a travel expert.
Finding lost words: The ‘savings effect’ in the Irish language context

Aims: By applying the savings paradigm to determine the presence of residual Irish language knowledge, this study seeks to investigate the relearning advantage for the acquisition of words likely to have been acquired during the second language acquisition of Irish compared with newly acquired Irish words. Furthermore, self-efficacy will be assessed as a robust self-assessed predictor of performance. Methodology: Using a corpus of Irish language, low- and high-frequency nouns were used to create a list of ‘old’ and ‘new’ words. Thirty-six participants were tested over 2 months, across three phases. Each participant was provided with a relearning session before being tested on their individualised list of 40 words. Participants were asked to rate their self-efficacy confidence levels before each testing session. Data and analysis: An online survey platform was used at each phase to test residual knowledge and to gather self-efficacy and attitudinal data. Correlation analyses and independent t-tests were carried out to measure the effect sizes over the 2-month time period of testing. Findings: The data provide evidence that Irish nouns likely to have been previously encountered, but since forgotten, are recalled more efficiently than newly encountered Irish nouns. Furthermore, evidence of cognateness as a retrieval strategy reveals an active Irish language residual knowledge base. Originality: This paper is the first effort in applying the savings paradigm methodology, as demonstrated in de Bot et al., to the Irish language context, and is the first attempt at measuring perceived pre-test Irish language abilities using self-efficacy. Implications: With Irish language as a compulsory school subject in Ireland, and so few daily users of the language, the identification of residual Irish knowledge in a population that has not used the language in decades may encourage reactivation of a language presumed to be forgotten.
Symptoms of Stress Amongst Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Shiraz, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Because of the high daily mortality and quarantine procedures, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause several psychological problems, especially in younger people. Objectives: Since most studies have mainly focused on physical problems of COVID-19 and they have neglected children in their analysis, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency and severity of stress symptoms and associated factors amongst children and adolescents aged 4 - 18 years during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Using a convenience sampling technique, this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, from March 2020 to June 2020. To collect data, the link of the online Children's Self-Reported Stress Symptoms Questionnaire was sent to eligible participants via SMS and WhatsApp. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results: According to our results, 270, 77, and 16 cases had low, moderate, and severe stress, respectively. Age group, living with both parents, and birth rank had a significant relationship with the degree of stress. Furthermore, more than 50% of participants reported cognitive-emotional symptoms more than physical ones. There was a significant relationship between the age group and physical symptoms, the duration of quarantine with bad temper and sadness, and between no clear thoughts with mother’s workplace and father’s job. Conclusions: Generally, almost 25% of participants reported moderate-to-severe stress. The most common symptoms of stress in children and adolescents were worrying, anger, and weakness. Furthermore, older children, those being the first child, and children living with both parents were more exposed to stress. Therefore, these items should be included in the healthcare team's training.
A-DROP Scoring System in Predicting Mortality within 30 Days of Hospitalization in Community-acquired Pneumonia Patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death among infectious diseases, contributing significantly to patient morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an accurate initial assessment of CAP severity should be performed immediately to determine the prognosis before starting the management. A-DROP scoring system is one of the initial assessments. AIM: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the A-DROP scoring system in predicting mortality within 30 days of hospitalization at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. METHODS: This is an observational study with a retrospective and cohort study. Data were obtained from the medical records of 76 CAP patients hospitalized from January 2018 to December 2018. Each patient was assessed with an A-DROP scoring system and the presence or absence of mortality within 30 days of hospitalization. The data were processed using statistical analysis to calculate the area under curve (AUC) on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The optimal cutoff point is also analyzed using the Youden index. RESULT: The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC was 0.772 (95% CI: 0.666–0.978, p < 0.001). The accuracy of A-DROP scoring system is good (AUC:0.7−0.8). The optimal of the Youden index is 0.428 at the cutoff point A-DROP score >1.5, so that the optimal cutoff point is A-DROP score ≥2. CONCLUSION: The A-DROP scoring system has good accuracy in predicting mortality within 30 days of hospitalized CAP patients. The A-DROP scoring system has an accuracy similar to the PSI (Pneumonia Severity Index) and the CURB-65 scoring system.