Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yaan het bô dai: Encountering fear, doubts, shame and success in research with young Lao migrants

In this paper I suggest that in the growing body of work on child and youth migration the place of emotions may, thus far, be characterized as an absent presence. Migration is an emotional experience, and oftentimes so is researching migration. This is particularly true in relation to child and youth migrants. In this light, it is somewhat paradoxical to note the relative absence of discussions on emotions and affect in the child and youth migration literature. In an attempt to address the above I ask the simple question of where and how emotions surfaced in my research on child and adolescent migration as well as where the emotional remained absent. For this I return to material obtained in field research conducted between 2007 and 2009 with children and youth from a predominantly ethnic Lao village in central Laos. This comprised following some young villagers to their place of work in Vientiane (the Lao capital) or into Thailand, telephone contact with young migrants away from their village and interviews with migrants when returning or visiting their village. In addition, I reflect on the presence of the emotional in Lao policy discourse on young people in migration. In my work with young migrants, three instances of emotions are noteworthy. This is firstly the expression of ‘yaan het bo dai’ uttered by some young female migrants (never by young male migrants) when recalling their migration decisions. It refers to a fear that they were not able to manage life outside the village, yet simultaneously it conveys a desire to prove themselves as being able to succeed beyond the rural and agrarian world. The second instance was an example of research going wrong when visiting a village girl in the northeastern Thai city of Udon Thani where she was working as a nanny. The third instance is a case of migration gone wrong, where a girl from the village found herself in a karaoke bar in Thailand despite the promise of decent work. She escaped and found her own way back to the village where she would have preferred to keep her story a public secret without mentioning a word about it, were it not for the foreign researcher interviewing her. These last two instances in particular underscore that emotions are seldom just research topics but rather signifiers of some research encounters In revisiting these feelings and expressions I ask what attending to emotions has to offer for furthering the field of child and youth migration.
RAIL TRANSPORTATION IN KUALA LUMPUR.

Kuala Lumpur (KL), the capital of Malaysia, has an area of 243 km2 with a population of 1.4 million and a total current employment of 838,000. It is the centre of Malaysia’s economic activity with 12.4% of total GDP. KL is situated within a larger economic zone known as the Klang Valley, spanning an area of 2843 km2. Vehicle ownership in Malaysia has passed 10 million vehicles with an estimated 2.5 million vehicles in the Klang Valley alone. With the rapid vehicle growth rate of 8% per annum, t h e g o v e r n m e n t r e a l i z e d t h a t uncon t ro l l ed u rban i za t i on and m o t o r i z a t i o n w o u l d r e s u l t i n environmental deterioration and more traffic trams and accidents. To meet these challenges, the government has embarked on major developments in land transport over the last 20 years. Although construction of highways and ring roads in and around the city has improved the traffic flow to some extent, the city centre is still plagued by morning and evening traffic jams. The urban bus transportation, which was based on minibuses, has been revamped by amalgamating bus operations into a few companies. The last 10 years have also seen development of new rail-based transport systems like KTM Komuter, the STAR LRT, the PUTRA LRT, and the Express Rail Link (ERL) for the new KL International Airport. With the exception of KTM Komuter operated by Malaysian Railway (KTMB), the other urban railway systems were constructed according to a build-operatetransfer (BOT) formula where the private companies/consortiums signed concession agreements with the government to build the railway systems and operate them for some period. At the end of 2002, KTM Komuter, STAR, PUTRA and ERL had 266 km of railways in the Klang Valley. This will be increased by 8.6 km when the KL Monorail is completed in August 2003.
Assessing health vulnerabilities through diet, stress, and noise exposure in a small scale-gold mining community of northeastern Ghana

Patterns in dietary diversity, biochemical (salivary cortisol) and physiological stress (heart rate), and noise exposures were assessed in a small-scale gold mining village in northeastern Ghana. A 2011 cross-sectional study of 106 participants showed dietary diversity score (DDS) ranging from 117 (out of 22 food categories) with a mean (±SD) of 8.1 ± 3.0. DDS groupings based on the Ghana Demographics and Health Survey ranged from 1-12 (out of 12) with a mean (±SD) of 5.8 ± 2.1. Women showed a significantly higher level of total concerns related to money, food, environmental conditions, and illness than did than men. A 2013 cross-sectional study of salivary cortisol level changes between morning and evening among 22 subjects showed patterns consistent with chronic stress, i.e., a relatively low decline in cortisol through the day (-1.44 ± 4.27 nmol/L, n = 18). A multiple linear regression model pairing noise exposures measured through personal dosimetry with changes in cortisol from evening to morning revealed an increase of 0.45 nmol/L significantly associated with an increase in 1 dBA Leq (Adj. R2 = 0.188, n = 17). Similarly, multiple regression models showed variation in heart rate (HR), as measured by the standard deviation of the running average, significantly associated with variation in noise exposure over time, as measured by the standard deviation of Leq. Regardless of gender or involvement with smallscale mining, 95% of participants in 2013 were exposed to 24-hour noise levels over the World Health Organization’s guideline of 70 dBA. These findings suggest that small-scale mining community residents may face cumulative health risks from mining activities that are not yet well documented, including hearing loss and cardiovascular effects of stress and noise. By documenting baseline levels for dietary diversity, stress, and noise in this community, this study adds to the growing body of research linking noise with physiological stress responses and suggests that further research into determinants of health unique to these communities is warranted.
A developmental approach to alcohol drinking behaviour in adulthood: a follow-up study from age 8 to age 42.

AIMS To study the links of family background, child and adolescent social behaviour, and (mal)adaptation with heavy drinking by age 20 and with the frequency of drinking, binge drinking, Cut-down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye-opener (CAGE) questionnaire scores and problems due to drinking at ages 27 and 42 years. DESIGN In the Finnish Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, data have been collected by interviews, inventories and questionnaires. Behavioural data were gathered at ages 8 and 14; data on alcohol consumption were gathered at ages 14, 20, 27, 36 and 42. PARTICIPANTS A total of 184 males and 163 females; 94% of the original sample of the 8-year-olds. FINDINGS Family adversities, externalizing problem behaviours, low school success, truancy and substance use in adolescence were associated in early middle age with problems due to drinking in both genders, and to binge drinking and CAGE scores in females. The antecedents varied, however, across the indicators of drinking and gender. The frequency of drinking was least predictable by the studied antecedents. Childhood and adolescent antecedents and drinking up to age 20 explained 43% of males' and 31% of females' problem drinking at age 42; 31% and 19%, respectively, at age 27. CONCLUSIONS The early warning signs of drinking problems should be taken seriously in the preventive work for alcohol abuse. Problem drinking in early middle age is preceded by maladjustment to school, early age of onset of drinking and heavy drinking in adolescence even more significantly than problem drinking in early adulthood.
Nutrition of potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) under climate variability in "Valle del Fuerte", Sinaloa, Mexico

Resumen El manejo tradicional del cultivo de papa es cada vez menos funcional debido a la alta variabilidad climatica en las zonas productoras del noroeste de Mexico, provocando aplicaciones excesivas de insumos, contaminacion y baja rentabilidad. Para mejorar lo anterior, se genero una metodologia que ayuda a acoplar la demanda nutrimental al clima, mediante funciones autoajustables basadas en el concepto grado dia ( o D) derivadas de las curvas de extraccion. El trabajo se desarrollo en el norte de Sinaloa durante dos ciclos agricolas otono-invierno (OI): 2008-2009 y 2009-2010, en el INIFAP-CIRNO-CEVAF. En el primer ciclo se obtuvieron curvas base de extraccion nutrimental (CB) para la variedad Alpha en riego por goteo; durante el segundo, se validaron las CB con la variedad Fianna en riego por superficie, mediante un experimento con tres tratamientos (T) en un arreglo en bloques completos al azar. El T1 fue la fertilizacion NPK de acuerdo a CB (245, 30, 350 kg ha -1 ), en el T2 se fertilizo usando CB+20% (294, 36, 420 kg ha
Firm Dynamics and Residual Inequality in Open Economies

Wage inequality between similar workers has been on the rise in many rich countries. Recent empirical research suggests that heterogeneity in firm characteristics is crucial to understand wage dispersion. Lower trade costs as well as labor and product market reforms are considered critical drivers of inequality dynamics. We ask how these factors affect wage dispersion and how much of their effect on inequality is attributable to changes in wage dispersion between and within firms. To tackle these questions, we incorporate directed job search into a dynamic model of international trade where wage inequality results from the interplay of convex adjustment costs with firms' different hiring needs along their life cycles. Fitting the model to German linked employer-employee data for the years 1996-2009, we find that firm heterogeneity explains about half of the surge in inequality. The most important mechanism is tougher product market competition driven by domestic product market deregulation and, indirectly, by international trade.
The Centre Acknowledges Financial Support from the Leverhulme Trust under Programme Grant F114/bf Centre for Research on Globalisation and Labour Markets Multinational Companies and Indigenous Development: an Empirical Analysis Multinational Companies and Indigenous Development: an Empirical Analysi

Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Frank Barry for helpful comments and suggestions. They also thank Salvador Barrios and Noel Woods for help with the data. Earlier versions of the paper were Abstract This paper presents an empirical study of the effect of foreign multinational companies on the development of indigenous firms in the host country, using data for the Irish manufacturing sector. Our starting point is a recent paper by Markusen and Venables (1999) that shows formally that multinationals, through the creation of linkages with indigenous suppliers, can exert positive effects on the development of indigenous firms. Based on the literature on entry in industrial organisation theory, we estimate empirically a model describing the entry of indigenous firms in Irish manufacturing. Our results indicate that there is a positive effect of multinational companies on the entry of indigenous firms in the Irish economy for a variety of alternative specifications.
Tourists, gorillas and guns: integrating conservation and development in the Central African Republic

Integrated conservation and development programs (ICDPs) are aimed at addressing both conservation and development issues through the involvement of local communities in the process of wildlife management. Typically this involves providing park-adjacent communities with conservation-related benefits to induce pro-conservation behaviour. The Dzanga-Sangha ICDP Project (DSP), southwest Central African Republic, has coordinated the management of a protected area complex since 1990. Its activities include traditional conservation measures such as anti-poaching patrols, a developing gorilla tourism programme, and focused development activities. This study adopts an interdisciplinary approach to evaluate its efficacy at meeting both local development and conservation goals, with a strong focus on how these two areas interact. Evaluation of the DSPs impact on poverty alleviation in the reserve community suggests that the considerable opportunity costs caused by park formation largely fail to be compensated by the benefits provided. This effect is augmented by the high level of in-migration into the reserve. Examination of discrepancies between cost/benefit provision and recognition show that community-level benefits are particularly undervalued by local residents. Attitudinal surveys suggest benefit recognition to be strongly linked to pro-conservation attitudes. However, results from a 12-month market survey, a concurrent household consumption survey, participant observation and key informant interviews showed that conservation-related behaviour, in terms of both wild-food extraction and consumption, is largely unrelated to either benefit receipt or attitudes. Furthermore, evaluation of conservation efficacy suggested the main prey species are being hunted at unsustainable rates. This empirical study takes its place in a growing literature addressing not only the direct social and environmental implications of ICDPs but, crucially, the interactions between the two. It provides both applied management recommendations in addition to further contributing to our theoretical understanding of the dual development-conservation approach.
Seasonal Variation in Root Regeneration of Transplanted Trees

Three tree species, Norway maple, green ash, and ginkgo were transplanted at four different periods over the course of the 1979 growing season. Root regeneration was measured 1 year after transplanting. Regenerated roots were initiated primarily from the severed root ends. Norway maple showed the greatest capacity for root regeneration during this period. The availability of carbohydrates to support this new root growth was limited only during the period of active shoot growth in the early spring. Transplanting trees during this period should be avoided.
Phosphorylation of Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel by Serine/Threonine Kinases Governs Its Interaction with Tubulin

Tubulin was recently found to be a uniquely potent regulator of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the most abundant channel of the mitochondrial outer membrane, which constitutes a major pathway for ATP/ADP and other metabolites across this membrane. Dimeric tubulin induces reversible blockage of VDAC reconstituted into a planar lipid membrane and dramatically reduces respiration of isolated mitochondria. Here we show that VDAC phosphorylation is an important determinant of its interaction with dimeric tubulin. We demonstrate that in vitro phosphorylation of VDAC by either glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) or cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), increases the on-rate of tubulin binding to the reconstituted channel by orders of magnitude, but only for tubulin at the cis side of the membrane. This and the fact the basic properties of VDAC, such as single-channel conductance and selectivity, remained unaltered by phosphorylation allowed us to suggest the phosphorylation regions positioned on the cytosolic loops of VDAC and establish channel orientation in our reconstitution experiments. Experiments on human hepatoma cells HepG2 support our conjecture that VDAC permeability for the mitochondrial respiratory substrates is regulated by dimeric tubulin and channel phosphorylation. Treatment of HepG2 cells with colchicine prevents microtubule polymerization, thus increasing dimeric tubulin availability in the cytosol. Accordingly, this leads to a decrease of mitochondrial potential measured by assessing mitochondrial tetramethylrhodamine methyester uptake with confocal microscopy. Inhibition of PKA activity blocks and reverses mitochondrial depolarization induced by colchicine. Our findings suggest a novel functional link between serine/threonine kinase signaling pathways, mitochondrial respiration, and the highly dynamic microtubule network which is characteristic of cancerogenesis and cell proliferation.
Analyse diachronique de la fragmentation des forêts du Liban

Les forets du Liban ont fait l'objet de nombreux travaux depuis le milieu du XIXeme siecle. En particulier, des cartes forestieres ont regulierement ete realisees depuis 1965. Nous proposons de reprendre l'ensemble de ces donnees, de les completer par des images satellites recentes (MSS 1972, TM 1989, Spot5 2003) puis de developper des outils susceptibles de caracteriser l'evolution des forets du Liban durant ces 50 dernieres annees. Une analyse critique de l'ensemble des sources qui prend en compte leur mode de constitution a permis de constituer un referentiel geographique et semantique commun pour comparer les cartes et les images satellites. Une modelisation des paysages reposant sur plusieurs indices fondes sur la caracterisation de « patches » est utilisee pour evaluer l'emprise du developpement urbain, les processus de degradation/regeneration, l'impact des facteurs abiotiques (topographie, pedologie, .), les pratiques agricoles, le role des routes . sur la fragmentation des ilots forestiers. Les forets du Liban apparaissent clivees en deux grandes entites : la zone cotiere et la zone interieure. En zone cotiere, les peuplements de chenes sont denses et presentent une bonne regeneration durant la periode etudiee tandis qu'en zone interieure, ils temoignent d'une importante degradation due a la creation de carrieres ou a un deboisement laissant la place a des cultures et a des espaces herbaces. Les forets de Genevriers semblent fortement degradees sur l'ensemble du territoire bien que leur type de formation arboree lâche permette mal de quantifier leur evolution
Planning Middle Eastern cities : an urban kaleidoscope in a globalizing world

1. The Middle East City: Moving Beyond the Narrative of Loss Yasser Elsheshtawy 2. The Merits of Cities' Locations Jamel Akbar 3. The Spatial Development and Urban Transformation of Colonial and Postcolonial Algiers Karim Hadjri and Mohamed Osmani 4. Globalization and the Search for Modern Local Architecture: Learning from Baghdad Hoshiar Nooradin 5. Sana'a: Transformation of the Old City and the Impacts of the Modern Era Khaled A. Al-Sallal 6. Lake Tunis, or the Concept of the Third Centre Bechir Kenzari 7. Cairo's Urban Deja Vu: Globalization and Urban Fantasies Khaled Adham 8. Redrawing Boundaries: Dubai, an Emerging Global City Yasser Elsheshtawy
Attenuation and Effectiveness of Triclopyr and 2,4-D Along Alaska Highway Rights-of-Way in a Continental and a Coastal Subarctic Environment

After more than 20 years of only mechanical brush cutting, the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (ADOT&PF) evaluated the use of herbicides to manage vegetation that interferes with line-of-sight and maintenance of the roadway. While researchers have investigated herbicide effectiveness and attenuation in more-temperate climates, little study has focused on cold regions. The purpose of this project was to measure the effectiveness and attenuation of two different selective auxin-type herbicides, 2, 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl acetic acid (triclopyr) in two subarctic climates: an extremely cold continental climate and a maritime climate. Conclusions from this study will aid the ADOT&PF in developing a plan for controlling vegetation along highway rights-of-way in Alaska.
Do Public Transit Investments Promote Urban Economic Development? Evidence from Bogotá, Colombia

In this paper, the authors use a repeated cross-section labor market dataset to assess whether access to the TransMilenio Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in Bogota, Colombia, affects the incomes of those who live in station area neighborhoods. Results indicate that the opening of the system was associated with increased income for those living near – but not immediately adjacent to – trunk line stations. This relationship is strongest in the lower and middle-income range. Two possible explanations for this result are that existing residents earn higher wages, or higher income workers relocate to the neighborhood. While available data do not allow the authors to distinguish clearly between these two causes, evidence suggests that much of the effect is likely due to relocation. The results stand in contrast to prior work, which has largely suggested that improvements in public transit will tend to reduce wages in station areas.
Aboriginal Business: Alliances in a Remote Australian Town

From the vantage point of the remote Northern Territory town of Tennant Creek in Australia, this book examines the practical partnerships and awkward alliances that constitute Indigenous modernities. It is an ethnographic snapshot of the Warumungu people as they engage with a range of interlocutors, including transnational railroad companies, national mining groups, international tourists, and regional businesses. Although the Warumungu are the traditional owners of the country in and around present day Tennant Creek, the history of white settlement and Aboriginal displacement has made this town, for better and worse, a site for the ongoing process of interdependent community-making. Anthropologist Kimberly Christen examines both the colonial past and the contemporary practices of alliance-making that set the stage for an alternative future, rerouting the national and global narratives that still seek to confine Indigenous people to the margins. Warumungu "mobs"--variously connected and shifting sets of kin--actively seek to carve out a space within a nation that both condemns and celebrates them.
Common place : toward neighborhood and regional design

This book is about bringing a greater sense of community and coherence to neighborhood and region. It champions physical structure that is simultaneously more diverse, more sustainable, and more legible than megazoned suburban sprawl or underutilized urban areas. It is also about our social physique and about bringing meaning to architecture and a sense of place to communities. It touches on the following: commerce and how our market economy needs repair if it is going to produce true wealth; how a region can maintain and architecturally celebrate its identities and its differences; typology or how the built environment can be physically and spatially understandable and cohesive; and postmodern urban theory, design, and practice, especially the New Urbanism. The book illustrates all of this in a series of design workshop, or charrette, proposals for the Seattle region.
THE DEMANDS OF EXAMINATION SYLLABUSES AND QUESTION PAPERS

A method and composition of packaging an adhesive composition, especially a thermoplastic or thermosetting hot melt adhesive. The method comprises the steps of providing one substantially uniform separate portion of the adhesive composition; sufficiently solidifying said portion for packaging; and substantially completely surrounding said sufficiently solidified portion with a biodegradable polymeric packaging material. The packaging material being meltable together with the adhesive composition and blendable into said molten adhesive composition, the kind and amount of said biodegradable packaging material being chosen so as not to disadvantageously affect the properties of the adhesive composition when blended into the molten adhesive and applied to a substrate.