Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The facial muscles of 3 african primates contrasted with those of papio ursinus

The facial muscles of single specimens of vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), bushbaby (Galago senegalensis) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) are described and contrasted with those of the Chacma baboon, (Papio ursinus). Those of the bushbaby, a tnember of the infraorder Lorisiformes which arose during the Palaeocene, are far more primitive than those of the baboon; the vervet monkey belonging, with the baboon, to the superfamily Cercopithecoidea of Oligocene origin, has an almost identical facial musculature; whilst the chimpanzee, whose pongid ancestry dates back only to Miocene times, shows notable advances which help to confirm its inclusion in the superfamily Hominoidea.
Genetics of drought tolerance at seedling and maturity stages in Zea mays L.

Shortage of irrigation water at critical growth stages of maize is limiting its production worldwide. Breeding drought-tolerant cultivars is one possible solution while identification of potential genotypes is crucial for genetic improvement. To assess genetic variation for seedling-stage drought tolerance, we tested 40 inbred lines in a completely randomized design under glasshouse conditions. From these, two contrasting inbred lines were used to develop six basic generations (P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , F 2 , BC 1 F 1 , BC 2 F 2 ). These populations were then evaluated in a triplicated factorial randomized complete block design under non-stressed and drought-stressed conditions. For statistical analyses, a nested block design was employed to ignore the replication effects. Significant differences ( p ≤0.01) were recorded among the genotypes for investigated seedling-traits. Absolute values of fresh root length, fresh root weight, and dry root weight lead to select two genotypes, one tolerant (WFTMS) and one susceptible (Q66). Estimates of heritability, genetic advance, and genotypic correlation coefficients were higher and significant for most of the seedling-traits. Generation variance analysis revealed additive gene action. Narrow-sense heritability [F 2 ≥ 65; F ∞ ≥ 79] revealed the same results. Generation mean analysis signified additive genetic effects in the inheritance of cob girth, non-additive for plant height, grains per ear row and grain yield per plant, and environmental for ear leaf area, cob length, grain rows per ear, biomass per plant, and 100-grain weight under drought-stressed conditions. For conferring drought-tolerance in maize, breeders can adopt the recombinant breeding strategy to pyramid the desirable genes.
Geolocator tracking of Great Reed-Warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) identifies key regions for migratory wetland specialists in the Middle East and sub-Saharan East Africa

ABSTRACT Wetland-dependent migratory songbirds represent one of the most vulnerable groups of birds on the planet, with >67% of wetland-obligate species threatened with extinction. One of the major hurdles for conservation efforts is determining the migration routes, stopover sites, and wintering sites of these species. We describe an annual migration cycle revealed by geolocator tracking of Great Reed-Warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) breeding in the Aras River wetlands of eastern Turkey. Because of its relatively large size and breeding ground fidelity, the Great Reed-Warbler is an excellent candidate for geolocator studies and can serve as an indicator species for other wetland songbirds, many of which are particularly threatened in the Middle East. All birds made use of at least 2 wintering grounds in South Sudan, on the Indian Ocean coast and on the western shores of Lake Malawi, as well as several important stopover sites. We also identified a counterclockwise migration path into and out of Africa. Throughout the year, these birds encountered 277 Important Bird Areas, >40% of which had little or no protection. Many species of wetland songbird, particularly threatened species, may be too rare or too small to be the focus of similar studies. Our results not only allow for comparisons with other Great Reed-Warbler populations, but also reveal previously unknown stopover and wintering locations to target conservation efforts that will help wetland-dependent bird species in the Middle East and East Africa.
Analyzing public inputs to multiple objective decisions on national forests using conjoint analysis

: Faced with multiple objectives, national forest managers and planners need a means to solicit and analyze public preferences and values. A conjoint ranking survey was designed to solicit public preferences for various levels of timber harvesting, wildlife habitats, hiking trails, snowmobile use, and off-road-vehicle (ORV) access on the Green Mountain National Forest. The survey was completed by 76 respondents during public involvement meetings. An ordered probit model was used to estimate linear and quadratic main effects. Respondents preferred moderate levels of timber harvesting and snowmobile access and lower levels of ORV access. They favored a mixture of mature closed canopy and younger more open forests over either extreme and were somewhat indifferent toward extending the network of hiking trails. FOR. Sc(cid:127). 44(3):421-428. for forest-related benefits are intense and cannot be met
Relative Dissipation of Acetochlor, Alachlor, Metolachlor, and SAN 582 from Three Surface Soils

The dissipation of four commonly used soil-applied herbicides was examined in a standardized field experiment in three southern states (Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Averaged over the three soils and 2 yr, the relative order of increasing half-life defined as time for 50% disappearance in days (DT50) was acetochlor (6.3 d) = alachlor (6.3 d) = SAN 582 (7.3 d) < metolachlor (13.7 d). Metolachlor was the most persistent in the soil surface, and this could potentially translate into greater duration of weed control into the growing season. All examined herbicides had a DT50 that averaged less than 14 d in all states in both years, so full-season weed control of susceptible species would not be expected. Rapid herbicide degradation was encouraged in these field sites by adequate to excessive soil moisture and warm temperatures throughout the sampling interval. The soils also were light textured, and the lower adsorption of the herbicide allowed for degradation ease and perhaps leaching below the sampling depth.
Interactions between dengue type 3 viruses and human dendritic cells

Cassandra Rashida Lambeth: Interactions Between Dengue type 3 Viruses and Human Dendritic Cells (Under the direction of Dr. Aravinda de Silva) Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease of global public health significance. Throughout the world more than 2.5 billion people are at risk of contracting dengue virus (DENV) infection. Each year, an estimated 100 million cases of dengue viral infection are reported worldwide with 250,000 people developing the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), which is often fatal. The pathogenesis of dengue is poorly understood due to the lack of an animal model. Both host and viral factors are believed to play key roles in dengue pathogenesis and in clinical outcome. DENVs are difficult to study in culture because available assays are time consuming and typically used with high passage, laboratory adapted strains of the virus. I have developed flow cytometry-based assays to study DENVs. The assays were used to titer viruses and to measure virus-antibody interactions. The flow cytometry-based assays were also used to study interactions between DENVs and human dendritic cells (DCs), one of the primary targets of DENVs.
Selection, Expression and Purification of Single-Chain Fv Antibodies AgainstNon-structural Proteins of GB Virus C

The GB virus C (GBV-C) exists worldwide, and GBV-C infection is common among healthy blood donors as well as among immunocompromised individuals. It has been shown that GBV-C may have a beneficial impact on HIV disease progression. The results of recent studies also demonstrated that GBV-C may increase survival of Ebola virus patients. However, there is no commercially available GBV-C detection system which would identify past infection. The aim of this study was to select and express functional single-chain, variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against GBV-C non-structural proteins. In order to achieve this aim, we expressed GBV-C non-structural proteins in E. coli and constructed a naive scFv library. This study is the first to identify recombinant antibodies against GBV-C by using phage display. Six scFv that showed the highest affinity score by ELISA were successfully expressed. These recombinant scFv antibodies may provide a valuable tool for further study of GBV-C and contribute to the improvement of a rapid and accurate test for identification of GBV-C infection.
Genetic variation of egg production traits in purebred and crossbred laying hens

Heritabilities, dominance variation and genetic correlations (rpc) among purebred and crossbred performance were estimated for egg production (number of eggs produced between 19 and 25, 26 and 38 and 26 and 54 weeks of age) and egg quality traits (average egg weight, shell strength) in four generations of two nucleus lines of egg-laying chickens and their cross, all reared in similar environments. The within-line genetic parameters were estimated using method R applied to an animal model (approach 1) and tilde-hat approximation to restricted maximum likelihood applied to a sire-dam model (approach 2). The genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred performance as well as the crossbred heritabilities were estimated based on a multivariate sire-dam model accounting for all relationships. For egg numbers and shell strength, the purebred heritabilities were low to moderate (0·12 to 0·42). They were higher when estimated under an additive model (0·25 to 0·51) but, in general, lower than the crossbred heritabilities. For egg weight, the heritabilities were always high (0·6 to 0·7). The ratio of dominance variance to total genetic variance varied between 11 and 36% with approach 1 and 5 and 56% with approach 2, indicating a large partial dominance for egg number traits and shell strength but also the difficulty of accurately estimating the dominance variance. For these traits, the estimates of the correlation between purebred and crossbred performance, rpc, were quite high (0·8 to 0·94) which contradicts the theory that traits with larger dominance and/or difference between purebred and crossbred heritabilities present lower rpc. These high rpc estimates, coupled with the absence of obvious heterosis, indicate little advantage to be gained from use of crossbred data in genetic improvement, where pure lines and crossbreds are reared in a similar non-stressful environment.
Biophysical and bio-chemical factors of resistance in brinjal against Leucinodes orbonalis

The studies on anatomical characters of plant showed that shoot of less susceptible varieties had more lignified hypodermis with compact vascular bundles and narrow shoot pith. Significant negative correlation was found between silica content and degree of shoot damage. The light green coloured fruits were not preferred by the borer. The varieties having narrow pericarp and mesocarp with compact seedlings and closely arranged seeds in mosocarp were less infested. The biochemical characters such as total sugars, free amino acids and crude protein were positively correlated with fruit infestation while total phenols have negative correlation.
Benzylisothiocyanate: a possible agent for controlling dental caries

Les effets du benzylisothiocyanate (BiT) sur l'inhibition de la production acide et de la croissance de Streptococcus mutans sont etudies en presence de differents sels metalliques et de lactoferrine humaine. L'inhibition de BiT augmente en presence de Zn 2+ ,Sn 2+ ,Fx 3+ et de lactoferrine. Deux modes d'action possibles de BiT sont decrits: l'oxydation des groupes sulphydryls des proteines et la chelation d'ions essentiels. Cette etude suggere que le BiT pourrait etre utile contre les caries dentaires
Efficacy of sequential sprays of different fungicides against early blight Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) in potato Solanum tubrosum L.

Potato is one of the world's fourth most important food crop belongs to family solanaceae. More than one billion peoples consume potatoes and richest source of energy highest dry matter, energy and edible proteins. The field experiments on Efficacy of sequential sprays of different fungicides against early blight Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) in potato Solanum tubrosum L. was conducted during kharif season on potato (cv. K. Pukharaj) for consecutive three years. The experiment was laid out in RBD design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The results revealed that spray of Chlorothalonil 75 WP (0.25%) @ 2.5 gm/ liter of water followed by Hexaconazole 5 EC (0.05%) @ 0.5 ml /liter of water and then Chlorothalonil 75WP (0.25%) @ 2.5 gm/liter of water at 10 days interval was found significantly superior in controlling the early blight on potato The yield differences due to spraying of fungicides were significant and the highest yield (18.10 t/ha) was obtained in same treatment.
Development and Characterization of Greek Probiotic Dahi Fortified with Pomegranate Pulp

Dahi is an indigenous Indian fermented milk product and is a good source of B vitamins, proteins, and calcium. Different types of Dahi such as sweet and flavored Dahis are found in the markets but value added products like that of its counterpart yoghurt such as fruit yoghurt are not available. Hence, Probiotic Greek (strained) Dahi fortified with pomegranate pulp has been developed and compared with traditional Dahi. Its physico-chemical, microbiological characteristics, shelf-life and sensory acceptance of all these products was made. Initially four dahi formulations were prepared: traditional Dahi, probiotic Dahi, Greek Dahi and probiotic Greek Dahi and analysed. Probiotic Greek Dahi had significantly decreased pH, moisture and reducing sugar and increased acidity, TSS, fat, protein and antioxidant compared to all the three dahis. The probiotic greek dahi was selected and was fortified with varied amount of pomegranate pulp. Probiotic Greek Dahi with 20% the pomegranate pulp had significantly decreased pH, but titratable acidity, fat, total solid, reducing sugar, carbohydrate and ash percentage were significantly increased compared to the control probiotic Greek Dahi. All the Dahi samples up to 24 days of storage showed acceptable pH and acidity values. Microbiologically, Dahi samples were stable with satisfactory quality for consumption. Probiotic Greek Dahi with 20% pomegranate pulp showed the highest quality acceptance by consumers. Greek Probiotic Dahi fortified with pomegranate pulp is a nutritions food with high acceptance by consumers.
Antibacterial Action of Kefir against Escherichia coli O157: H7

Kefir, which is a fermented milk product that was recently introduced in Japan is becaming available for widespread consumption.Because there is the effect of controlling the growth of food poisoning bacteria in acid milk, it is expected that the growth of E. coli O157: H7 in kefir can be similarly controlled. When E. coli ATCC or E. coli O157: H7 was cultivated in a pH-neutral condition, the growth of the bacterium was not influenced at all regardless of the presence of kefir. On the other hand, when E. coil ATCC or E. coli O157: H7 was cultivated in pH-acid condition, the growth of these was markedly inhibited. The growth of E. coli ATCC of 109 cfu/ml or E. coli O157: H7 of 107 cfu/ml to which kefir of pH 4 was added was especially completely inhibited in a short time.These results suggested that an antibacterial substance to the growth of E. coli ATCC or E. coli O157: H7 was existed in kefir.
Effect of different processes to increase the milk solids non-fat content on the rheological properties of yoghurt

L'effet de l'augmentation de la concentration en solides non gras sur les proprietes rheologiques et sensorielles est etudie apres modification du yaourt par evaporation, ultrafiltration en addition de lait ecreme. L'ultrafiltration donne de bons resultats, discussion des phenomenes observes et comportement apres 2 semaines d'entreposage au froid
Growth and Production of Toxin of Clostridium botulinum Type E in Rainbow Trout under Various Storage Conditions.

Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were inoculated with 3 to 4 1og10 spores per g of fish of a mixed pool of four strains of Clostridium botulinum type E (Beluga, Minnesota, G21-5, and 070). The trout were vacuum-skin packaged with either oxygen-barrier or oxygen-permeable films. Trout packaged with oxygen-permeable film were stored at 4°C for 21 days, while trout packaged with oxygen-barrier film were stored either at 4°C for 21 days or at 10°C for 15 days. Storage at 10°C was used to simulate commercial temperature abuse. Clostridium botulinum outgrowth was determined by a most probable-number (MPN) method using (tryptone peptone yeast extract glucose trypsin) anaerobic broth. Toxin production was evaluated using a mouse bioassay. Psychrotrophic and anaerobic populations increased with time regardless of packaging type. After 6 days at l0°C, botulinum toxin was detected in the packaged trout; however, the fish was noticeably spoiled before that time. No botulinum toxin was detected in trout packaged with either barrier or permeable films and stored at 4°C for 21 days, although the product was considered spoiled by day 12.
Avian responses to observer clothing color: caveats from winter point counts

ABSTRA. -As part of a project to determine optimal methods for censusing winter birds with unlimited-distance point counts, we studied the influence of wearing a hunter-orange vest on richness estimates and species' detection probabilities. We did not find a significant difference in the number of species detected between apparel conditions (vest worn, vest not worn). However, separate detection probabilities for three species were associated with whether or not an orange vest was worn (Carolina Chickadee [Parus carolinensis, P = 0.075]; Tufted Titmouse [P. bicolor, P = 0.009]; American Goldfinch [Carduelis tristis, P = 0.002]). For all three species, detection probabilities were lower when a vest was worn, suggesting that these species were repelled by the orange vest. Movement toward or away from a color, respectively, may generate inaccurate assessments of behavior, habitat use, and abundance. Knowledge about chromotropic responses to observer apparel will enable investigators to design more valid research. A clear benefit of improved designs will be more accurate inferences, which are crucial for conservation efforts and for advancing ornithological sci
Clonal Propagation of Pecan by Mound Layering

The lack of satisfactory methods for clonal propagation of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] rootstocks resulted in the examination of mound stooling as a propagation technique. Semi-hardwood shoots from severed stumps received several treatments involving phloem girdling and IBA. Rooting occurred only in girdled or girdled plus IBA (3000 and 6000 ppm) treatments. Girdling triggered, whereas IBA enhanced, rooting. Roots per clone was related to shoot diameter but not height. Clones were able to survive harsh field conditions, thus providing a method for cloning rootstocks and facilitating rootstock research. Chemical name used: 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
Comparative analysis of the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in retail turkey and chicken meat

In this study, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in retail turkey and chicken meat samples was determined. Significant differences in the Campylobacter occurrence in both product groups were observed. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in turkey meat samples was 6.2 % whereas the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in chicken meat samples was 30.3 %. Nevertheless, turkey meat - if improperly handled - can posses a great risk of Campylobacter infection to humans. Particularly turkey livers were highly contaminated with campylobacters. C. jejuni predominated in both product groups.
New classification of Allium L. subg. Melanocrommyum (Webb & Berthel.) Rouy (Alliaceae) based on molecular and morphological characters.

Allium subgenus Melanocrommyum from Eurasia is taxonomically complicated with different and contradictory taxonomic treatments proposed in the past. A comprehensive study, covering nearly all existing taxonomic groups and their entire geographic distribution, by sequencing the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) confirmed the monophyly of the subgenus, while most traditionally used sections were either para- or polyphyletic. Addition of ten more species and 150 new accessions to that dataset confirmed the earlier results and underlined that multiple rapid radiations occurred within different monophyletic groups of the subgenus. About 40 well separated molecular clades were recognized, and taxonomically discussed and affiliated, but their phylogenetic relations remained often unresolved. The splits of some large "classical" sections was unavoidable. Therefore the sections Asteroprason R. M. FRITSCH and Procerallium R. M. FRITSCH as well as the subsections Humilicognata R. M. Fritsch, Diffusoumbellata R. M. FRITSCH, Keratoprason R. M. FRITSCH and Pharmakoprason R. M. FRITSCH were newly described, the subsections Decipientia (OMELCZUK) R. M. FRITSCH and Stellata (F. O. KHASS. & R. M. FRITSCH) R. M. FRITSCH were raised to sectional level, four subspecies were raised to species level, and the name Allium jaubertii R. M. FRITSCH was created for an illegitimate species name. Altogether 160 species and subspecies were accepted (plus 53 unclear or synonymous names) in the updated conspectus of A. subg. Melanocrommyum. They were affiliated to 20 sections and 22 subsections (sect. Acanthoprason WENDELBO and sect. Melanocrommyum WEBB & BERTHEL. were only subdivided in alliances). Lectotypes of 17 species were designated or validated, and neotypes for A. isfairamicum O. FEDTSCH. , A. suworowii REGEL, A. viridiflorum POBED. , and epitypes for A. bakhtiaricum REGEL and A. derderianum REGEL were designated.
A comprehensive generic‐level phylogeny of the sunflower family: Implications for the systematics of Chinese Asteraceae

The sunflower family (Asteraceae) is the largest and the most diverse flowering plant family, comprising 24 000–30 000 species and 1600–1700 genera. In China, Asteraceae are also the largest family, with approximately 2336 indigenous species in 248 genera. In the past two decades, molecular phylogenetic analyses has contributed greatly to our understanding of the systematics of Asteraceae. Nevertheless, the large‐scale analyses and knowledge about the relationships of Chinese Asteraceae at the generic level as a whole are far from complete due to difficulties in sampling. In this study, we presented a three‐marker (rbcL, ndhF, and matK) phylogeny of Asteraceae, including 506 genera (i.e., approximately one‐third of Asteraceae genera). The study sampled 200 Chinese genera (i.e., approximately 80% of Chinese Asteraceae genera). The backbones of the new phylogeny were largely congruent with earlier studies, with 13 subfamilies and 45 tribes recognized. Chinese Asteraceae were distributed in 7 subfamilies (Mutisioideae, Wunderlichioideae, Carduoideae, Pertyoideae, Gymnarrhenoideae, Cichorioideae, and Asteroideae) and 22 tribes (Mutiseae, Hyalideae, Cardueae, Pertyeae, Gymnarrheneae, Vernonieae, Cichorieae, Doroniceae, Senecioneae, Astereae, Anthemideae, Gnaphalieae, Calenduleae, Inuleae, Athroismeae, Helenieae, Coreopsideae, Neurolaeneae, Tageteae, Millieae, Eupatorieae, and Heliantheae). Chinese Asteraceae lacked 6 basal subfamilies and 23 tribes. Several previously ambiguous relationships were clarified. Our analyses also resolved some unplaced genera within Chinese Asteraceae. Finally, our phylogenetic tree was used to revise the classification for all genera of Chinese Asteraceae. In total, 255 genera, 22 tribes, and 7 subfamilies in China are recognized.