Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Optimal Layout Pattern-Based Solution Approach to the Extended Machine Layout Problem With Multirow Multicolumn Structure

The machine layout problem (MLP) is to determine the optimal location arrangement of machines in a production system, usually in order to minimize the total material transmission distance. This article considers a type of MLP in an automated manufacturing system with unequal-area machines, machine replicas, and taking multi-row multi-column layout structure. The aim is to determine the near-optimal machine layout and orbit layout simultaneously. We model the problem as a mixed-integer linear program by introducing the concept of orbit-based relative locations and using auxiliary binary variables, including relative location assignment variables, in-block relationship variables, and material routing variables. We further exploit the optimal layout patterns, based on which, when the relative locations of the machines and orbits are given, we can quickly derive the near-optimal absolute machine and orbit positions without solving a mixed-integer linear program. A two-layer hybrid heuristic method is proposed to solve the problem: the outer layer is a variable neighborhood search metaheuristic used to explore the solution space of the relative locations, while the inner layer is a recursive heuristic based on the optimal layout patterns. Experiments on instances of different sizes are conducted, and the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms are verified. Note to Practitioners—Many manufacturing systems, for example, those in the semiconductor industry, use automated guided vehicles running on orbits to transfer materials between machines. The design of such a manufacturing system consists of determining the numbers of vertical and horizontal orbits, their positions, and the positions of all machines. It is not unusual for there to be hundreds of machines. Furthermore, machines of the same type can be deployed non-adjacently in an automated transfer context since materials can easily be transmitted to an arbitrary machine. The flexibility and complexity of the layout make this layout problem extremely difficult to solve. To the best of our knowledge, no dedicated study has been conducted on this issue. Additionally, state-of-the-art methodologies for related machine layout problems cannot be extended to this problem, partly because one needs to consider the material routing problem explicitly on the orbit network. In this study, we reveal the optimal layout patterns given the relative locations of machines and orbits, and we develop a recursive heuristic that is thousands of times faster than solving the corresponding mixed-integer linear program. Our proposed two-layer hybrid heuristics can solve problems with hundreds of machines, while the inner-layer problem’s precision is guaranteed to within 1%. We believe our algorithm can be used for machine and orbit layout design in flexible manufacturing systems where machine-to-machine material shipment is enables in a rectangular trasmission network.
Prevention of Drug Use in Early Adolescents in Palu City, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: In the last three decades, there has been a significant increase in risky behavior among adolescents in various countries, including Indonesia. They tend to get involved in potentially harmful activities and are at a greater risk of this behavior than other age groups. AIM: This study aims to provide information about preventing drug use in early adolescents in Palu City. METHODS: This qualitative study was carried out in Palu City between July and October 2021 using a phenomenological approach, with 7 informants that were selected using a purposive method. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and the comments recorded were analyzed. Furthermore, ethical considerations were taken into account which includes seeking the consent of the study participants to record the interviews, respecting the confidentiality of information, and giving the right to withdraw. RESULTS: The result showed that risky behavior related to drug abuse among young adolescents is prevented by prioritizing education through related institutions such as the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) and schools. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the result, prevention of risky behavior related to drug abuse is through the supervision of the school and people. Furthermore, the availability of information needs to be addressed by the extension system implemented by the Palu City BNN as a source of information for students in breaking the chain of drug abuse. Social control and supervision from parents are also needed to prevent this behavior among adolescents, especially students.
Ebbs and Flows of Securities Fraud Litigation: Empirical Examination of Post-PSLRA Frequency & Severity Trends

The separation of ownership and management that characterizes modern business corporations frequently gives rise to a conflict of interest known as agency dilemma. A manifestation of information asymmetry between organizational decision-makers – i.e., corporate directors and officers – and organizational owners/investors, that discord can spur formal allegations of incorrect, incomplete, misleading, or untimely management disclosures, ultimately leading to securities fraud litigation or simply shareholder litigation. For companies with distributed ownership spread across thousands of individual and institutional investors, securities lawsuits commonly encompass large pools or ‘classes’ of shareholders jointly pursuing their claims seeking financial compensation for management misinformation-caused losses; not surprisingly, those class actions stand out as one of the most economically and reputationally damaging manifestations of organizational risk. The research summarized here offers empirical assessment of the 25 years of securities class action filings and settlements that followed the passage of the seminal legislative act, the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, yielding a number of unexpected shareholder litigation incidence and cost related conclusions.
Description of four new species of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) from Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT Four new mite species of the family Phytoseiidae, namely, Euseius chittooriensis sp. nov., Euseius karpasae sp. nov., Euseius neoalstoniae sp. nov., and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) gilbertoi sp. nov., are described based on specimens collected from plants at the southern part of Andhra Pradesh, India. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D8F694D8-E8F1-473A-984A-FFD4B1EC6043
The Level of Histone Deacetylase 4 is Associated with Aging Cartilage Degeneration and Chondrocyte Hypertrophy

Purpose To determine the role of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4)-controlled chondrocyte hypertrophy in the onset and development of age-related osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Morphological analysis of human knee cartilages was performed to observe structural changes during cartilage degeneration. HDAC4 expression was deleted in adult aggrecan (Acan)-CreERT2; HDAC4fl/fl transgenic mice. The onset and development of age-related OA were investigated in transgenic and control mice using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Safranin O staining. Furthermore, the progression of ACLT-induced OA following adenovirus-mediated HDAC4 overexpression was explored in rats. The expression levels of genes related to hypertrophy, cartilage matrix and its digestion, and chondrocyte proliferation were investigated using qPCR. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to explore the mechanisms underlying HDAC4-controlled age-related changes in OA progression. Results In human cartilage, we performed morphological analysis and IHC, the results showed that hypertrophy-related structural changes are related to HDAC4 expression. Age-related OA was detected early (OARSI scores 2.7 at 8-month-old) following HDAC4 deletion in 2-month-old mice. Furthermore, qPCR and IHC results showed changes in hypertrophy-related genes Col10a1, Runx2 and Sox9 in chondrocytes, particularly in the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2, 13.29±0.99 fold). The expression of the main cartilage matrix-related genes Col2a1 and Acan decreased, that of cartilage matrix digestion-related gene MMP-13 increased, while that of chondrocyte proliferation-related genes PTHrP, Ihh and Gli1 changed. In contrast, rat cartilage’s qPCR and IHC results showed opposite outcomes after HDAC4 overexpression. Conclusion Based on the results above, we concluded that HDAC4 expression regulates the onset and development of age-related OA by controlling chondrocyte hypertrophy. These results may help in the development of early diagnosis and treatment of age-related OA.
Quantifying the climate change‐driven impacts on the hydrology of a data‐scarce watershed located in the Brazilian Tropical Savanna

Tropical savannas are one of the most affected biomes worldwide by anthropogenic activities. The Cerrado biome, also referred to as the Brazilian Tropical Savanna, is one of the world's environmental hotspots due to its high biodiversity and endemism. Also, it is essential for water resources in South America and hydropower generation in Brazil. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate possible changes in water availability in the Cerrado due to the impacts of climate change throughout the 21st century under different emissions scenarios. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated in a watershed encompassing 51 237 km2. The regional climate models (RCMs) Eta‐HadGEM‐ES and Eta‐MIROC5 under the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 were used to simulate the streamflow changes in three time slices (2010–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2099). The streamflow can be reduced by up to 70%, being Eta/HadGEM2‐ES RCM under RCP 8.5 projected the most severe impact. On average, the most significant runoff reductions occurred in the first and third time slice (−54.51%). Baseflow and evapotranspiration can reduce up to 55% and 23%, respectively, at the end of the century. In addition, the hydrological drought assessment stressed the higher frequency of severe drought events in the first time slice. Streamflow regularization can be an alternative to mitigate the impacts of climate change in the Brazilian Tropical Savanna throughout the 21st century.
PERILAKU PENJAJA PANGAN JAJANAN ANAK SEKOLAH TERKAIT GIZI DAN KEAMANAN PANGAN DI JAKARTA DAN SUKABUMI

The purposes of this research were to identify and to analyze behaviour of school-food vendor related to nutrition and food safety in Jakarta and Sukabumi. This research used secondary data from Survey “National Monitoring and Verification Food Safety of Elementary Student Street-food 2008” by SEAFAST and BPOM RI. The subjects of this research are 79 school-food vendors in Jakarta and 29 school-food vendors in Sukabumi. Descriptive statistical method is used to process all the data. Most of the subjects were elementary school graduated (46.3%) and used handcart as tool for sale of street-foods (31.5%). Only 35.2% had attended a food safety education/training program. As the result of it, 48.1% of the subjects had sufficient nutrition and food safety knowledge. There were significant differentiation of nutrition and food safety knowledge between the subjects which had been classified by vendor group, level of education, and participation in food safety education/ training program. As many as 74.1% of the subjects lack of food safety practices. There were significant differentiation of food safety practices between the subjects which had been classified by vendor group, region, and level of education. Spearman’s correlative test shows that there a positive correlation between level of education with nutrition and food safety knowledge , level of education with food safety practices. Pearson correlative test shows that there was no significant correlation between nutrition and food safety knowledge with food safety practices.
Carbon storage potential of Eucalyptus urophylla at several density levels and forest management types in dry land ecosystems

Abstract. Marimpan LS, Purwanto RH, Wardhana W, Sumardi. 2022. Carbon storage potential of Eucalyptus urophylla at several density levels and forest management types in dry land ecosystems. Biodiversitas 23: 2830-2837. Tropical forests can store high amounts of carbon because they have suitable environmental factors. Furthermore, they are different from others that grow in dry areas, which tend to experience limited rainfall. Ampupu (Eucalyptus urophylla) is an endemic tree in East Nusa Tenggara, which is continuously damaged. This is caused by various anthropogenic activities, which increase along with the population around the forest. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the carbon content stored in natural forest areas of E. urophylla at different density levels and land use types. Field inventory was carried out in the study location using the stratified sampling method, after which the density levels were divided into three groups, viz. high, medium, and low. Sampling was then carried out in 3 different land-use areas, including production, protection, and conservation forests. Furthermore, a total of 90 plots were used, where each land-use type consists of 30 plots with a size of 25 m × 40 m. The results showed that the carbon content at the low, medium and high-density levels were 108.20, 185.24, and 291.33 MgCha-1, respectively. Values of 211.91, 214.69, and 221.14 MgCha-1 were also obtained from the production, protection, and conservation forests, respectively. Based on the results, the natural forests of E. urophylla have a significant effect on carbon sequestration in East Nusa Tenggara.
Patterns and Dynamics of Bonded Labour and Child Labour in the Spinning Mills of Tamil Nadu: Findings From Life Story Analysis

“If one’s dignity, self-respect and self-worth must be forgotten and one should be like a walking corpse, then only those like me, without anything and from lower community, can live. In this society without justice those who adjust with the supervisor can work happily and put up for the work and go peacefully. My mother, who brought me up with dignity, cannot adjust and feels that I should have died; I said this when I started to narrate my life history. Those who are like me in this society should live either by being shameless [or] if not then should become dust. Your wish to go to college to study like upper caste, it becomes unfulfilled desire” (SSS_1THA_03_BL)
The Clinical Impact of Advanced Age on the Postoperative Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: Analysis Across US Hospitals Between 2011–2017

Purpose This study systematically evaluated the implications of advanced age on post-surgical outcomes following gastrectomy for gastric cancer using a national database. Materials and Methods The 2011–2017 National Inpatient Sample was used to isolate patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer. From this, the population was stratified into those belonging to the younger age cohort (18–59 years), sexagenarians, septuagenarians, and octogenarians. The younger cohort and each advanced age category were compared in terms of the following endpoints: mortality following surgery, length of hospital stay, charges, and surgical complications. Results This study included a total of 5,213 patients: 1,366 sexagenarians, 1,490 septuagenarians, 743 octogenarians, and 1,614 under 60 years of age. Between the younger cohort and sexagenarians, there was no difference in mortality (2.27 vs. 1.67%; P=0.30; odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81–2.30), length of stay (11.0 vs. 11.1 days; P=0.86), or charges ($123,557 vs. $124,425; P=0.79). Compared to the younger cohort, septuagenarians had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (4.30% vs. 1.67%; P<0.01; OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.67–4.16), length of stay (12.1 vs. 11.1 days; P<0.01), and charges ($139,200 vs. $124,425; P<0.01). In the multivariate analysis, septuagenarians had higher mortality (P=0.01; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.01; 95% CI, 1.18–3.43). Similarly, compared to the younger cohort, octogenarians had a higher rate of mortality (7.67% vs. 1.67%; P<0.001; OR, 4.88; 95% CI, 3.06–7.79), length of stay (12.3 vs. 11.1 days; P<0.01), and charges ($131,330 vs. $124,425; P<0.01). In the multivariate analysis, octogenarians had higher mortality (P<0.001; aOR, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.28–7.11). Conclusions Advanced age (>70 years) is an independent risk factor for postoperative death in patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy.
Environmental factors on seasonal germination of different weedy rice(Oryza sativa L.) biotypes

ABSTRACT: Weedy biotypes of Oryza sativa L. , (weedy rice) are a serious threat to rice production because of their flexibility in seed germination timing, variable growth forms, and high genetic diversity. Experiments were designed to determine the effects of storage conditions, osmotic stress, pH, salt stress, and burial depth on germination of weedy rice seeds in flooded or non-flooded conditions. Mature weedy rice seeds were gathered from rice fields in the different regions of Turkey. Three biotypes were selected and classified according to awn length; long awn, short awn and awnless. Seasonal germination patterns of weedy rice seeds in the laboratory after retrieval from various depths and timing were affected by burial depth, water regime, and exhumation timing across the treatments for all biotypes. The long and short awn biotypes had higher germination rates than the awnless biotype and did not have a seasonal germination pattern. Seed germination was initiated in the spring, peaked in summer and declined in the fall in flooded and non-flooded treatments for the awnless biotype. The most distinct differences in seedling emergence patterns were observed in awnless and long awn biotypes, and they emerged from 10 cm depth. Our results suggested that flooded conditions reduced the germination of weedy rice biotypes. Flooding rice paddies for a period of time after harvest may improve weedy rice control and decrease the weed population. In addition to deeper cultivation would be more effective in controlling all weedy biotypes since the majority of weed seedling emergence was from shallow depths.
Co-Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment: A Perspective in Ethnopharmacology

Tumor angiogenesis is one of the most important processes of cancer deterioration via nurturing an immunosuppressive tumor environment (TME). Targeting tumor angiogenesis has been widely accepted as a cancer intervention approach, which is also synergistically associated with immune therapy. However, drug resistance is the biggest challenge of anti-angiogenesis therapy, which affects the outcomes of anti-angiogeneic agents, and even combined with immunotherapy. Here, emerging targets and representative candidate molecules from ethnopharmacology (including traditional Chinese medicine, TCM) have been focused, and they have been proved to regulate tumor angiogenesis. Further investigations on derivatives and delivery systems of these molecules will provide a comprehensive landscape in preclinical studies. More importantly, the molecule library of ethnopharmacology meets the viability for targeting angiogenesis and TME simultaneously, which is attributed to the pleiotropy of pro-angiogenic factors (such as VEGF) toward cancer cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells. We primarily shed light on the potentiality of ethnopharmacology against tumor angiogenesis, particularly TCM. More research studies concerning the crosstalk between angiogenesis and TME remodeling from the perspective of botanical medicine are awaited.
EGR2 Deletion Suppresses Anti-DsDNA Autoantibody and IL-17 Production in Autoimmune-Prone B6/lpr Mice: A Differential Immune Regulatory Role of EGR2 in B6/lpr Versus Normal B6 Mice

Previous studies have reported that deletion of the transcription factor, early growth response protein 2 (EGR2), in normal C57BL/6 (B6) resulted in the development of lupus-like autoimmune disease. However, increased EGR2 expression has been noted in human and murine lupus, which challenges the notion of the autoimmune suppressive role of EGR2 in B6 mice. In this study, we derived both conditional EGR2-/-B6/lpr and EGR2-/-B6 mice to elucidate the immune and autoimmune regulatory roles of EGR2 in autoinflammation (B6/lpr) versus physiologically normal (B6) conditions. We found that conditional EGR2 deletion increased spleen weight, enhanced T cell activation and IFNγ production, and promoted germinal center B cells and LAG3+ regulatory T cells development in both B6/lpr and B6 mice. Nevertheless, EGR2 deletion also showed strikingly differential effects in these two strains on T lymphocyte subsets profile, Foxp3+ Tregs and plasma cell differentiation, anti-dsDNA autoantibodies and immunoglobulins production, and on the induction of IL-17 in in vitro activated splenocytes. Specifically, EGR2 deletion in B6/lpr mice significantly decreased serum levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, total IgG, IgM, IgG1, and IgG2a with reduced plasma cells differentiation. Furthermore, EGR2 deletion in B6/lpr mice had no obvious effect on IgG immunocomplex deposition, medium caliber vessel, and glomeruli inflammation but increased complement C3 immunocomplex deposition and large caliber vessel inflammation in the kidneys. Importantly, we demonstrated that EGR2 deletion in B6/lpr mice significantly reduced pathogenic CD4-CD8-CD3+B220+ double negative T cells, which correlated with the reduced anti-dsDNA autoantibodies in serum and decreased IL-17 production in splenocytes of EGR2-/-B6/lpr mice. Together, our data strongly suggest that the role of EGR2 is complex. The immunoregulatory role of EGR2 varies at normal or autoinflammation conditions and should not be generalized in differential experimental settings.