Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cybersecurity Awareness and Skills of Senior Citizens: A Motivation Perspective

ABSTRACT Senior citizens are one of the most vulnerable groups of Internet users who are prone to cyberattacks. Thus, assessing senior citizens’ motivation to acquire cybersecurity skills is critical to help them understand the risks of cyber-attacks. This study investigated a set of constructs that contribute to senior citizens’ motivation to acquire cybersecurity skills and assessed the actual cybersecurity skill level of these individuals. Utilizing a Web-based survey and a hands-on scenario-based app called MyCyberSkills™, this research study measured the constructs of interest before and after cybersecurity awareness training. Study participants were 254 senior citizens with a mean age of approximately 70 years. The results indicated that the cybersecurity awareness training was effective in increasing the cybersecurity skill level of the senior citizens and empowered them with small but significant improvements in the requisite skills to take mitigating actions against cyberattacks. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Adaptive Test Case Allocation, Selection and Generation Using Coverage Spectrum and Operational Profile

We present an adaptive software testing strategy for test case allocation, selection and generation, based on the combined use of operational profile and coverage spectrum, aimed at achieving high delivered reliability of the program under test. Operational profile-based testing is a black-box technique considered well suited when reliability is a major concern, as it selects the test cases having the largest impact on failure probability in operation. Coverage spectrum is a characterization of a program’s behavior in terms of the code entities (e.g., branches, statements, functions) that are covered as the program executes. The proposed strategy - named covrel+ - complements operational profile information with white-box coverage measures, so as to adaptively select/generate the most effective test cases for improving reliability as testing proceeds. We assess covrel+ through experiments with subjects commonly used in software testing research, comparing results with traditional operational testing. The results show that exploiting operational and coverage data in an integrated adaptive way allows generally to outperform operational testing at achieving a given reliability target, or at detecting faults under the same testing budget, and that covrel+ has greater ability than operational testing in detecting hard-to-detect faults.
Understanding credibility judgements for web search snippets

Purpose It is well known that information behaviour can be biased in countless ways and that users of web search engines have difficulty in assessing the credibility of results. Yet, little is known about how search engine result page (SERP) listings are used to judge credibility and in which if any way such judgements are biased. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Two studies are presented. The first collects data by means of a controlled, web-based user study (N=105). Studying judgements for three controversial topics, the paper examines the extent to which users agree on credibility, the extent to which judgements relate to those applied by objective assessors and to what extent judgements can be predicted by the users’ position on and prior knowledge of the topic. A second, qualitative study (N=9) utilises the same setup; however, transcribed think-aloud protocols provide an understanding of the cues participants use to estimate credibility. Findings The first study reveals that users are very uncertain when assessing credibility and their impressions often diverge from objective judges who have fact checked the sources. Little evidence is found indicating that judgements are biased by prior beliefs or knowledge, but differences are observed in the accuracy of judgements across topics. Qualitatively analysing think-aloud transcripts from participants think-aloud reveals ten categories of cues, which participants used to determine the credibility of results. Despite short listings, participants utilised diverse cues for the same listings. Even when the same cues were identified and utilised, different participants often interpreted these differently. Example transcripts show how participants reach varying conclusions, illustrate common mistakes made and highlight problems with existing SERP listings. Originality/value This study offers a novel perspective on how the credibility of SERP listings is interpreted when assessing search results. Especially striking is how the same short snippets provide diverse informational cues and how these cues can be interpreted differently depending on the user and his or her background. This finding is significant in terms of how search engine results should be presented and opens up the new challenge of discovering technological solutions, which allow users to better judge the credibility of information sources on the web.
Switching Linear Dynamics for Variational Bayes Filtering

System identification of complex and nonlinear systems is a central problem for model predictive control and model-based reinforcement learning. Despite their complexity, such systems can often be approximated well by a set of linear dynamical systems if broken into appropriate subsequences. This mechanism not only helps us find good approximations of dynamics, but also gives us deeper insight into the underlying system. Leveraging Bayesian inference, Variational Autoencoders and Concrete relaxations, we show how to learn a richer and more meaningful state space, e.g. encoding joint constraints and collisions with walls in a maze, from partial and high-dimensional observations. This representation translates into a gain of accuracy of learned dynamics showcased on various simulated tasks.
The predictors of users’ satisfaction in an anonymous environment: the role of the negative true self

ABSTRACT The anonymity of cyberspace enables people to express themselves more freely than in the physical world. Thus, when interacting with others online, some people choose to reconstruct a virtual identity that is partly or even totally different from their physical identity. Using the advanced self-discrepancy theory and the framework of psychological well-being, the current study theoretically modelled the expression of three domains of the self (the ought self, the ideal self and the negative true self) that affects the fulfilment of autonomy and self-acceptance, further influencing people’s overall satisfaction in an anonymous online environment. The data (n = 837) were collected from QQ, an anonymous social networking platform from China. The results suggested that virtual identity reconstruction in the online world was significantly associated with the fulfilment of autonomy and self-acceptance. Additionally, autonomy and self-acceptance played important roles in shaping user satisfaction.
A method for the comparison of biomechanical breast models

Biomechanical models of the breast are being developed for a wide range of applications including image alignment tasks to improve diagnosis and therapy monitoring, imaging related studies of the biomechanical properties of lesions, and image guided interventions. In this paper we present a method to evaluate the accuracy with which biomechanical breast models based on finite element methods (FEM) can predict the displacements of tissue within the breast. Our experimental data was obtained by compressing the breast of a volunteer in a controlled manner, and the acquisition of MR images of the breast before and after compression. Non-rigid registration of these two MR volumes together with interactive identification of corresponding landmarks provided an independent estimate of the displacements. In addition, the non-rigid registration provided estimates of the displacements of the surface points (skin points) of the breast. The accuracy of the FEM models was evaluated using all or a subset of these surface displacements as boundary conditions. The influence of pectoral muscle movement on the performance of the FEM models was also investigated. Our initial results indicate that the accurate setting of the boundary conditions is more important than the actual choice of elastic properties in these compression scenarios. With the complete boundary conditions, the displacements agreed to within 2.6 mm for all FEM models on average. Assuming no movement at the posterior or the medial side of the breast, the accuracy of the FEM models deteriorated to worse than 4.6 mm for all models.
Representasi Gerobak Sepeda Sebagai Alat Pengangkut Barang Bekas

Bicycle cart as one of the tools used to help humans do their work. A carrier is a tool used to move objects to the desired place. By using a bicycle cart, humans can carry heavy loads from one place to another. Used goods are goods that are considered has been exhausted because it can not be used anymore so it will tend to be discarded by the owner. By using descriptive qualitative research method, this research is expected to represent bicycle cart as one of the tools used to transport used goods that can help scavengers in doing their work. In the eyes of scavengers, used goods still have value. So taken for re-sale. A scavenger uses a bicycle cart to be able to transport used goods in order to be resold but with a certain period until the cart is considered to be quite a lot of transport. So it takes time to collect used goods. So the bike cart can switch function as a second home for scavengers.
ANTARA BUNGA BANK DENGAN RIBA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PANDANGAN AL-QUR’AN

Bunga bank sangat erat dengan konsep riba. Riba dibicarakan oleh al-Qur’an melalui empat tahapan, mirip dengan pertahapan pengharaman khamr (minuman keras). Tahap pertama sekedar menggambarkan adanya unsur negatif, yaitu surat al-Rum ayat 39. Kemudian disusul dengan isyarat tentang keharamannya (QS. Al-Nisa’: 161). Selanjutnya pada tahap ketiga, secara tegas dinyatakan keharaman salah satu bentuknya, yaitu yang berlipat ganda (QS. Ali 'Imran: 130). Terakhir, pengharaman total dan dalam berbagai bentuknya yaitu pada QS. Al-Baqarah 275-279. Islam melarang bunga bank (riba) dengan beberapa alasan, antara lain: pertama, karena Allah dan Rasul-Nya melarang atau mengharamkannya. Kedua, karena bunga bank menghendaki pengambilan harta orang lain dengan tidak ada imbalannya (batil). Ketiga, dengan melakukan praktik ‘membungakan” uang, orang menjadi malas berusaha yang sah menurut shara'. Keempat, bila praktik ini sudah mendarahdaging pada seseorang, maka orang tersebut lebih suka beternak uang, karena ternak uang akan mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih besar dari pada dagang dan dikerjakan dengan tidak susah payah. Kelima, membungakan uang menyebabkan putusnya perbuatan baik terhadap sesama manusia dengan cara hutang-piutang atau menghilangkan faidah hutang-piutang, maka riba lebih cenderung memeras orang miskin daripada menolong orang miskin.
Clomiphene Citrate Combined with Tamoxifen Citrate versus Letrozole for Inducing
Ovulation in Patients with Clomiphene Citrate -Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

This prospective observational study was conducted on 242 patients with clomiphene citrate (CC) resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were allocated into two regimens of induction of ovulation, the first group(n=128) received both CC and tamoxifen and the second (n=114) received letrozole. The ovulation rate, endometrial thickness, number of dominant follicles, pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and live birth rate were found comparable between the two groups. Combined therapy with CC and tamoxifen is beneficial in patients with PCOS who failed to respond to CC alone.
Intentional Injuries in Trauma Carry a Higher Risk of Mortality

Background: There are several predictive models to identify risk factors for mortality in the context of trauma, such as Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Most of these models identify physiological parameters such as low GCS, presence of shock and on-going hemorrhage, or organ related injuries as potential risk factors for mortality. Intentional reason of injury is however, not being highlighted as a risk factor for mortality. We aimed to assess whether intentional injury was a contributing factor to mortality. Methods: Data from SweTrau (Swedish National Trauma Registry). Intentional injuries compared to non-intentional injuries. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted. Stepwise forward and backward regression was conducted. Results: A total number of 3875 patients were included. There were 3613 (93%) non-intentional and 262 (7%) intentional patients. The 30-day mortality rate was higher in the intentional group compared to non-intentional group, 10% vs. 4% (p<0.001). Patients in the intentional group were younger than the non-intentional group, at 39±18 vs. 47±21 years old (p<0.001). In both, the forward and backward tests injury intention remained statistically significant with OR 2 (CI 1.1-3.7). Shock (OR 4.7, CI 2.9-7.8), Severe Head Injury (OR 8.9, CI 5.3-14.7), Age ≥ 60 (OR 6.7, CI 4.1-10.8), ISS ≥16 (OR 10.8, CI 6.9-16.9) and ASA (OR 3.5, CI 2.2-5.7) were other factors affecting mortality. Conclusion: Injury intention was an independent factor contributing to mortality in our study. This particular cohort need further attention during trauma management with a holistic insight to improve their survival.
Investigating avatar customization as a motivational design strategy for improving engagement with technology-enabled services for health

Technology-enabled services for physical and mental health are a promising approach to improve healthcare globally. Unfortunately, the largest barrier for effective technology-based treatment is participants’ gradually fading engagement with effective novel training applications, such as exercise apps or online mental health training programs. Engaging users through design presents an elegant solution to the problem; however, research on technology-enabled services is primarily focused on the efficacy of novel interventions and not on improving adherence through engaging interaction design. As a result, motivational design strategies to improve engagement—both in the moment of use and over time—are underutilized. Drawing from game-design, I investigate avatar customization as a game-based motivational design strategy in four studies. In Study 1, I examine the effect of avatar customization on experience and behaviour in an infinite runner game. In Study 2, I induce different levels of motivation to research the effects of financial rewards on selfreported motivation and performance in a gamified training task over 11 days. In Study 3, I apply avatar customization to investigate the effects of attrition in an intervention context using a breathing exercise over three weeks. In Study 4, I investigate the immediate effects of avatar customization on the efficacy of an anxiety reducing attentional retraining task. My results show that avatar customization increases motivation over time and in the moment of use, suggesting that avatar customization is a viable strategy to address the engagement barrier that thwarts the efficacy of technology-enabled services for health.
Finite element simulation and experimental validation of the effect of tool wear on cutting forces in turning operation

Abstract Machining is the most widely used process in manufacturing, and tool wear plays a significant role in machining efficiency and effectiveness. There is a continuous requirement to manufacture high-quality products at a lower cost. Many past researches show that variations in tool geometry affect the cutting forces significantly. The increase in cutting forces leads to excessive vibrations in the system, giving a poor surface finish to the machined product. In this work, a 2D coupled thermo-mechanical model is developed using Abaqus/Explicit to predict the cutting forces during turning of mild steel. Johnson–Cook material model along with damage model has been used to define the material behavior. Coulomb’s friction model is considered for defining the interaction between the tool and the work piece. Metal cutting process is simulated for different sets of cutting conditions and compared with experimental results. The finite element method results correlate well with the experimental results.
Indiscriminate use of agro-veterinary pesticides in plague endemic foci in Tanzania: potential risk for development of insecticide resistance in flea vectors

Background: Agro-veterinary pesticides are increasingly associated with the development of resistance in arthropod disease vectors. However, no has been conducted so far to assess such risk in flea vectors despite the indiscriminate use of pesticides in plague endemic foci in Tanzania.Methods: We identified risk factors associated with the use of agro-veterinary pesticides, which could enhance development of resistance in flea vectors in two plague endemic districts, using structured questionnaire and direct observations.Results: Excessive and injudicious use of agricultural and veterinary pesticides was common in both Lushoto and Mbulu district. Most farmers (80%, n=73) were applying agricultural pesticides over three times per cropping season, did not adhere to manufacturers recommended doses, and had limited or no knowledge on safety procedures and adverse effects associated with pesticides. Up to 49% were applying pesticides more than twice the recommended doses. About 91% of respondents in Lushoto and 93% respondents in Mbulu reported using agricultural pesticides. The three (3) out of fourteen (14) most commonly used agricultural pesticides in Lushoto were master kinga72WP (mancozeb 640g/kg+cymoxanil 80g/kg) (44%), suracron720EC (profenos 500g/l EC) (25.3%) and Sumo 5EC (lambda-cyhalothrin) (18.7%). The three (3) out of seventeen (17) most commonly used agricultural pesticides in Mbulu were Dursban50W (Chlorpyrifos) (29%), Duduban 450EC (Cypermethrin 10g/lt+chloropyrifos 35g/lt) (18%) and Dursban+farmerzeb (Chlorpyrifos 48%, Mancozeb 80%WP). Cybadip (Cypermethrin) (≥45%) and paranex (alphacypermethrin) (≥13%) were the most commonly used livestock pesticides.Conclusion: This study identified injudicious uses and/or other malpractices, which enhance contamination of environments/surfaces with pesticides and consequently the exposure of flea vectors. Therefore, the flea vector populations in Lushoto and Mbulu districts are putatively under high risk of resistance development. Further studies are underway to confirm the insecticide resistance status, unravel distribution of the resistance, and involved resistance mechanisms.
The present perfect in British and American English: Has there been any change, recently?

For past-time reference, Present-Day English has a choice between the present perfect (PP) and the simple past tense (SP). The distinction between SP and PP is a fairly recent development in English. Previous corpus-based studies of Present-Day English have consistently shown that the PP is more commonly used in British than in American English. Evidence from the part-of-speech tagged Brown family of corpora is used to test whether the two varieties have been converging in their use of the PP. The data show that the choice between the PP and the SP is still an example of (relatively) stable regional variation rather than ongoing linguistic change.
Is a Decentralized Right-to-Work Policy Feasible?

Evidence on the implementation of India’s National Rural Employment Guarantee Act suggests that the available work is often rationed by local leaders in poor areas, and that this is an important factor limiting the scheme’s impact on poverty. The paper offers explanations for this empirical finding, with likely relevance to other decentralized, rights-based, programs. It is shown that rationing of work opportunities can arise under decentralized implementation in poor places even when the center wants to honor the employment guarantee. Two main drivers of such rationing are identified: local administrative costs and local corruption. Administrative reforms by the center can have perverse effects. Policy implications are drawn for how to better assure that the stipulated rights are attained in practice.
The Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Viewpoint of Italian General Practitioners in Activity and in Training

Background: Guidelines on Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) are usually developed by specialists, with a possible translational gap in primary care. Aims: To evaluate the knowledge of IBS of Italian General Practitioners (GPs) and the difference compared to doctors in Training for General Practice (ITGPs). Methods: A questionnaire was completed by 170 GPs and 64 ITGPs. Results: The Rome Criteria and Bristol Scale are more familiar to ITGPs than GPs. The most frequently used diagnostic symptoms are abdominal pain, bowel movement frequency and bloating. GPs and ITGPs think that bloating and abdominal discomfort should be introduced into the definition of IBS. Intestinal motility disorders and psychological factors are considered to be the most probable cause of IBS. GPs report more frequently than ITGPs that the patient's request and difficulties in managing the disorder are reasons for a gastroenterological referral. Conclusions: There is still a gap between the indications provided by the experts and clinical practice, and this seems greater on the part of GPs than ITGPs. Abdominal pain and bowel frequency changes are considered the main symptoms for diagnosing IBS, but most GPs and ITGPs would like to include bloating among the diagnostic criteria. It would be highly desirable to develop commonly shared guidelines between gastroenterologists and GPs.
A Comparison of Muon Flux Models at Sea Level for Muon Imaging and Low Background Experiments

Cosmic-ray muons are a type of natural radiation with high energy and a strong penetration ability. The flux distribution of such particles at sea level is a key problem in many areas, especially in the field of muon imaging and low background experiments. This paper summarizes the existing models to describe sea-level muon flux distributions. According to different means used, four parametric analytical models and one Monte Carlo model, which is referred to as CRY, are selected as typical sea-level muon flux distribution models. Then, the theoretical values of sea-level muon fluxes given by these models are compared with the experimental sea-level muon differential flux data with kinetic energy values in the range of 1–1,000 GeV in the directions of zenith angles 0° and 75°. The goodness of fit of these models to the experimental data was quantitatively calculated by Pearson’s chi-square test. The results of the comparison show that the commonly used Gaisser model overestimates the muon flux in the low-energy region, while the muon flux given by the Monte Carlo model CRY at the large zenith angle of 75° is significantly lower than that of the experimental data. The muon flux distribution given by the other three parametric analytical models is consistent with the experimental data. The results indicate that the original Gaisser model is invalid in the low energy range, and CRY apparently deviates at large zenith angles. These two models can be substituted with the muon flux models given by Gaisser/Tang, Bugaev/Reyna, and Smith and Duller/Chatzidakis according to actual experimental conditions.