Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reentrant phase transitions in the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model on a simple cubic lattice: The two-particle cluster approximation

The two-particle cluster approximation is applied to study the reentrant and double reentrant behaviors of the spin-1 Ising model with nearest-neighbor bilinear and biquadratic exchange interactions and single-ion anisotropy on a simple cubic lattice. The phase diagrams are constructed and the temperature dependences of dipolar and quadrupolar moments are calculated at various values of model parameters (at those when it suffices to consider a one-sublattice problem).
Elusive Trans-Acting Factors Which Operate with Type I (Poliovirus-like) IRES Elements

The phenomenon of internal initiation of translation was discovered in 1988 on poliovirus mRNA. The prototypic cis-acting element in the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of poliovirus mRNA, which is able to direct initiation at an internal start codon without the involvement of a cap structure, has been called an IRES (Internal Ribosome Entry Site or Segment). Despite its early discovery, poliovirus and other related IRES elements of type I are poorly characterized, and it is not yet clear which host proteins (a.k.a. IRES trans-acting factors, ITAFs) are required for their full activity in vivo. Here we discuss recent and old results devoted to type I IRESes and provide evidence that Poly(rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2), Glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS), and Cold Shock Domain Containing E1 (CSDE1, also known as UNR) are major regulators of type I IRES activity.
Dense Cores of Dark Clouds. XII. 13CO and C18O in Lupus, Corona Australis, Vela, and Scorpius

More than 110 dense condensations of the dark clouds in Lupus, Corona Australis, Norma, Vela, and Scorpius were observed in the 13CO and C18O (J = 1-0) transitions. The condensations of dark clouds with high star formation activity like the Ophiuchus, Taurus, and Cepheus have average C18O and H2 column densities of 1.8 × 1015 and 1.1 × 1022 cm-2. If we take the average size of the condensations to be 0.2 pc, a condensation must have average H2 volumetric densities ≥2 × 104 cm-3 in order to be a good candidate to form stars. The four Lupus filaments have similar radial velocities and velocity dispersions, suggesting that they originated from the same parental cloud. Among these filaments, Lupus 1 is unique in having recent star formation activity, despite the high number of T Tauri stars observed toward the others. Lupus 1 also shows a complex velocity gradient along its main axis. The distribution of radial velocities of the condensations observed toward Scorpius are in good agreement with the hypothesis that they are in a region with expansion velocity smaller than or equal to 18 km s-1. The Corona Australis cloud has velocity gradients ranging from -0.5 km s-1 pc-1 at one extreme to 0.1 km s-1 pc-1 at the other.
Essential Thrombocythemia: One-Center Data in a Changing Disease

Introduction: Essential thrombocythemia is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with thrombo-hemorrhagic events and the progression to myelofibrosis or acute myeloid leukemia. The purpose of this article is to present real-world data on ET cases diagnosed and managed between 1998 and 2020 in the largest, tertiary hematology reference center in Romania and to evaluate the impact of thrombotic events on survival. Methods: A real-world, retrospective cohort-type study was conducted. We collected and statistically analyzed data from 168 patients who met the 2016 WHO diagnostic criteria for ET and who were managed between 1998 and 2020 in our center. Results: The median age at diagnosis of ET was 51.8 years, with a female predominance (66.07%). The JAK2V617F mutation was detected in 60.71% of patients. Leukocytosis at diagnosis was associated with a higher risk of thrombosis, and JAK2V617F-positive cases exhibited a 1.5-fold higher risk of developing thrombotic events. The average survival in ET with major thrombosis was 14.5 years versus 20.6 years in ET cases without major thrombosis. Other predictors of survival were high-risk IPSET score and age >60 years. Conclusions: Romanian patients diagnosed with ET are generally younger than 60 years and are predominantly female. The occurrence of thrombotic events was influenced by gender, leukocyte count at diagnosis and JAK2V617F positivity. Survival was impacted by age, the presence of JAK2V617F mutation, hypertension, major thrombotic complications and IPSET score. Notably, these findings warrant careful interpretation and further confirmation in the setting of prospective studies.
Soret and Dufour effects on convective heat and mass transfer in stagnation-point flow towards a shrinking surface

A mathematical model is presented to study the Soret and Dufour effects on the convective heat and mass transfer in stagnation-point flow of viscous incompressible fluid towards a shrinking surface. Suitable similarity transformations are used to convert the governing partial differential equations into self-similarity ordinary differential equations that are then numerically solved by shooting method. Dual solutions for temperature and concentration are obtained in the presence of Soret and Dufour effects. Graphical representations of the heat and mass transfer coefficients, the dimensionless thermal and solute profiles for various values of Prandtl number, Lewis number, Soret number and Dufour number are demonstrated. With Soret number the mass transfer coefficient which is related to mass transfer rate increases for both solutions and the heat transfer coefficient (related to heat transfer rate) for both solutions becomes larger with Dufour number. The Prandtl number causes reduction in heat and the mass transfer coefficients and similarly with the Lewis number mass transfer coefficient decreases. Also, double crossing over is found in dual dimensionless temperature profiles for increasing Soret number and in dual dimensionless concentration profiles for the increase in Dufour number. Due to the larger values of Dufour number the thermal boundary layer increases and for Prandtl number increment it decreases; whereas, the solute boundary layer thickness reduces with increasing values of Prandtl number and Lewis number.
Sustainable Education and Open Innovation for Small Industry Sustainability Post COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

COVID-19 severely impacted small industries in Indonesia and many collapsed. Sustainable education is essential to help small industries recover post-pandemic through an open innovation design program to improve small industries’ economic, social, and environmental performance. This paper examined the impacts of the sustainable education program implemented and explored open innovations suitable for the sustainability of small industries in developing countries, such as Indonesia, after the pandemic. This research employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach involving academics, government, the community, and four small industries in West Java, Indonesia. Our findings reveal that the sustainable education program through learning activities and direct practice provides valuable knowledge and experience for small industries in designing economic, social, and environmental innovations. Open innovations post-pandemic suitable for small industries in Indonesia include simple business digitalization for company economic growth, the recruitment of people losing their jobs due to the pandemic to achieve social benefits, and innovations in using environmentally friendly packaging and charcoal briquette fuel as an environmental awareness effort. This study recommends that the open innovation designed for small industries be right on target and done using a participatory method to achieve sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Natural and Nanoengineered Chiral Reflectors: Structural Color of Manuka Beetles and Titania Coatings

A parallel study of natural and nanoengineered structurally chiral reflecting coatings is described. It is shown that the nanostructures are different in a minor way but are optically equivalent. Refractive index matching of nanoengineered chiral coatings on a plane substrate is shown to improve the saturation of structural color. Optical and electron microscopies reveal complexity in the multilayered chiral coatings that produce green metallic-like reflections from manuka (scarab) beetles. In particular, the reflectors are shown to have the form of small concave pits and troughs that are filled with contouring chiral material. Each chiral microreflector presents a range of pitch and tilt to an incident beam of light. Physical properties of the textured coatings are related to optical properties such as spectral reflectance, angle of spread, and perceived color, which has a high degree of saturation due to the filling of the pits. Observations of overlapping chiral mediums in beetle reflectors have inspired nanoengineering of related handed media such as Bragg reflectors for elliptically polarized light.
Metagenomics analysis of the effects of Agaricus bisporus mycelia on microbial diversity and CAZymes in compost

Agaricus bisporus growth alters the lignocellulosic composition and structure of compost. However, it is difficult to differentiate the enzyme activities of A. bisporus mycelia from the wider microbial community owing to the complication of completely speareting the mycelia from compost cultures. Macrogenomics analysis was employed in this study to examine the fermentation substrate of A. bisporus before and after mycelial growth, and the molecular mechanism of substrate utilization by A. bisporus mycelia was elucidated from the perspective of microbial communities and CAZymes in the substrate. The results showed that the relative abundance of A. bisporus mycelia increased by 77.57-fold after mycelial colonization, the laccase content was significantly increased and the lignin content was significantly decreased. Analysis of the CAZymes showed that AA10 family was extremely differentiated. Laccase-producing strains associated with AA10 family were mostly bacteria belonging to Thermobifida and Thermostaphylospora, suggesting that these bacteria may play a synergistic role in lignin decomposition along with A. bisporus mycelia. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the molecular mechanism of compost utilization by A. bisporus mycelia and offer a reference for the development and utilization of strains related to lignocellulose degradation.
Gamma-Ray-Induced Amino Acid Formation in Aqueous Small Bodies in the Early Solar System

Carbonaceous chondrites contain life’s essential building blocks, including amino acids, and their delivery of organic compounds would have played a key role in life’s emergence on Earth. Aqueous alteration of carbonaceous chondrites is a widespread process induced by the heat produced by radioactive decay of nuclides like 26Al. Simple ubiquitous molecules like formaldehyde and ammonia could produce various organic compounds, including amino acids and complex organic macromolecules. However, the effects of radiation on such organic chemistry are unknown. Hence, the effects of gamma rays from radioactive decays on the formation of amino acids in meteorite parent bodies are demonstrated here. We discovered that gamma-ray irradiation of aqueous formaldehyde and ammonia solutions afforded a variety of amino acids. The amino acid yields had a linear relationship with the total gamma-ray dose but were unaffected by the irradiation dose rates. Given the gamma-ray production rates in the meteorite parent bodies, we estimated that the production rates were reasonable compared to amino acid abundances in carbonaceous chondrites. Our findings indicate that gamma rays may contribute to amino acid formation in parent bodies during aqueous alteration. In this paper, we propose a new prebiotic amino acid formation pathway that contributes to life’s origin.
Continued impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clinical and translational science early-career researchers

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had an immediate impact on the lives and work of early-career researchers. We leveraged a cluster-randomized trial and compared survey data collected over two timepoints to explore whether these impacts persisted. Although more than a year had passed, 74% of participants reported that their research was affected in multiple ways in both 2020 and 2021. These data suggest that the effects of the pandemic on early-career researchers may be prolonged. Our findings additionally serve as an impetus to identify and implement solutions to early-career challenges that undoubtedly existed before the pandemic, but which COVID-19 brought into the spotlight.
Monte Carlo computer simulation of order-order kinetics in the L 1 2 -ordered Ni 3 Al binary system

The results of previous extensive experiments on ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}\mathrm{Al}$ systems are interpreted and explained by means of Monte Carlo computer simulations based on the Glauber algorithm for vacancy mechanism of atomic migration in a superstructure. The complex character of the experimental ``order-order'' relaxation curves, as well as the theoretically predicted effect of vacancy ordering have been perfectly reproduced and analyzed in detail in terms of the dynamics of particular kinds of atomic jumps. The relaxations corresponding to an increase and decrease of the degree of long-range order showed up as processes only partially symmetric in time. The proposed model scenario for the creation and elimination of antisite atoms in the relaxing ${L1}_{2}$-type superstructure shows that the experimentally observed features of the ``order-order'' processes in ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}\mathrm{Al}$ follow from an interplay between two dominating and coupled modes of long- and short-range ordering.
Integrative Effects between a Bubble and Seal Program and Workers’ Compliance to Health Advice on Successful COVID-19 Transmission Control in a Factory in Southern Thailand

Applying health measures to prevent COVID-19 transmission caused disruption of businesses. A practical plan to balance public health and business sustainability during the pandemic was needed. Herein, we describe a “Bubble and Seal” (B&S) program implemented in a frozen seafood factory in southern Thailand. We enrolled 1539 workers who lived in the factory dormitories. First, the workers who had a high fatality risk were triaged by RT-PCR tests, quarantined and treated if they had COVID-19. Newly diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 workers underwent the same practices. The non-quarantined workers were regulated to work and live in their groups without contact across the groups. Workers’ personal hygiene and preventive measures were strongly stressed. Between the 6th and 9th weeks of the program, the post-COVID-19 infection status (PCIS) of all participants was evaluated by mass COVID-19 antibody or RT-PCR tests. Finally, 91.8% of the workers showed positive PCIS, which was above the number required for program exit. Although no workers had received a vaccination, there was only one case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, and no evidence of COVID-19 spreading to the surrounding communities. Implementation of the B&S program and workers’ adherence to health advice was the key to this success.
Scale invariance in plastic flow of crystalline solids

From the traditional viewpoint of continuum plasticity, plastic deformation of crystalline solids is, at least in the absence of so-called plastic instabilities, envisaged as a smooth and quasi-laminar flow process. Recent theoretical and experimental investigations, however, demonstrate that crystal plasticity is characterized by large intrinsic spatio-temporal fluctuations with scale-invariant characteristics: In time, deformation proceeds through intermittent bursts with power-law size distributions; in space, deformation patterns and deformation-induced surface morphology are characterized by long-range correlations, self-similarity and/or self-affine roughness. We discuss this scale-invariant behaviour in terms of robust scaling associated with a non-equilibrium critical point (‘yielding transition’). Contents PAGE 1. Introduction 186 1.1. Continuum mechanics of crystal plasticity 187 1.2. Crystal plasticity on the dislocation level: yield stress and depinning transition 191 2. Experimental investigation of fluctuation phenomena in plastic flow 197 2.1. Acoustic emission measurements 197 2.1.1. Experimental methodology 197 2.1.2. Acoustic emission in single- and polycrystals of ice 198 2.1. 3. Acoustic emission in metals and alloys 201 2.2. Deformation-induced surface patterns 202 2.2.1. Slip-line patterns 202 2.2.2. Slip-line kinematography 203 2.2.3. Surface roughening in single- and polycrystals 205 2.3. Deformation of micron-size samples 209 3. Theoretical approaches 212 3.1. Dislocation dynamics 213 3.1.1. Simulation methods 213 3.1.2. Relaxation and creep of two-dimensional dislocation systems 218 3.1. 3. Stepwise deformation curves and critical behaviour at yield 220 3.2. Models of microstrain evolution 224 3.2.1. Constitutive equations 224 3.2.2. Avalanche dynamics and surface morphology evolution 227 3.3. Phase-field models 233 4. Discussion and conclusions 236 4.1. Why has it not been seen before? 237 4.2. Open questions, doubts and prospects 240 Acknowledgements 243 References 243
Comparing users' performance and game experience between a competitive and collaborative brain-computer interface

ABSTRACT The recent advancements in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) technology made possible for its employment in entertainment applications, such as brain-controlled games. However, there are still many challenges to overcome in the design and development of such applications, especially when considering the interaction between multiple users. This paper presents the results of a controlled experiment aimed at comparing the performance and game experience of both competitive and collaborative matches in a multiplayer BCI game. In the experiment, sixteen subjects were divided in pairs into two groups, and each pair played a total of five competitive or collaborative matches of the attention-based game. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to investigate key features of the subjects' interaction with both the BCI platform and the other players. It was found that there is no statistically significant difference in performance between the subjects of both groups, and between multiplayer and single player modes. Although the group playing competitively reported overall better scores for game experience, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. There were significant correlations between performance and positive aspects of game experience for both modes, and multiplayer matches were significantly shorter than single player ones, although this effect could not be attributed to the mode of interaction alone.
Thermomechanical Autovaporization (MFA) as a Deodorization Process of Palm Oil

Throughout the vegetable oil industry, there is a focus on eradicating the volatile molecules affecting the aroma or taste of the crude oil, whether it is natural or derived from the extraction process. Refining aims to reduce these compounds to a level acceptable to the consumer. In addition, the famous conventional operation of deodorization calls for high levels of temperature depending on the boiling point used to remove the atmospheric pressure of each molecule. The process implies a vacuum level between 10 to 80 kPa absolute pressure, a temperature generally between 190 and 240 °C, and a duration of 2 to 3 h. These conditions necessarily (inevitably) lead to a decrease in the quality of refined oil. Recently, the application of the Multi-Flash Autovaporization “MFA” operation has shown the possibility of eradicating volatile molecules while adopting relatively low temperature and time levels. Despite the high boiling temperature of the volatile organic compounds (VOC), MFA leads to good efficiency in reducing VOCs and preserving oil quality. The main odorant compounds in the crude palm oil were E-2-Hexenal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal. Specific literature can indicate precise boiling temperatures under atmospheric pressure. In addition, many experimental studies have explained the evolution of each molecule and shown how they depend on the operating parameters (inlet oil pressure from 200 to 450 kPa and from 5 and 30 s time of each cycle, and the number of cycles up to 7), and how the empirical mathematical models describe the MFA deodorization, estimate the efficiency of the whole process, and optimize the operating parameters. In this research, the thermodynamic data of absolute pressure volatility versus temperature was used to better identify the removal rate (up to around 87%) implied by an abrupt pressure drop to a vacuum of 5 kPa for p = 450 kPa, t = 25 s/cycle, and the number of cycles (C = 6). The safeguarding of the fatty acid profile illustrated the maintenance of the oil quality.
Reinvestigating the Preferential Enrichment of DL-Arginine Fumarate: New Thoughts on the Mechanism of This Far from Equilibrium Crystallization Phenomenon

Preferential enrichment (PE) is a crystallization process, starting from either a racemic of slightly enantio-enriched solution (ca. +5%) that results in a high enantiomeric excess in the liquid phase (>+90%ee) and a slight opposite excess in the deposited crystals (−2 to −5%ee). The mechanism(s) of this symmetry-breaking phenomenon is (are) still a matter of debate since it eludes rationalization by phase diagram formalism. In this publication, we thoroughly reinvestigate the PE phenomenon of arginine fumarate by using a new approach: the process is monitored by introducing isotopically labeled arginine enantiomers into the crystallization medium to better understand the mass exchanges during crystallization. These experiments are supported by chiral HPLC-MS/MS. This study permits re-evaluating the criteria that were thought mandatory to perform PE. In particular, we show that PE occurs by a continuous exchange between the solution and the crystals and does not require the occurrence of a solvent-mediated solid–solid phase transition.
Industrial and Overall Economy Data on Capacity Utilization for the US Economy: A Note

ABSTRACT This paper is motivated by the debate about the decline in the degree of capacity utilization in the US economy observed since the begin of the 2000s. Its purpose is to check if capacity utilization calculated by the Fed for the industrial sector can be tracked by a Supermultiplier model estimated with data for the whole economy. The model tracks well the actual series of induced investment share, induced investment and stock of capital of the whole economy, but not the degree of capacity utilization when compared with capacity utilization from the industry. We investigate the possible causes of this divergence. We show that (i) there are some discrepancies between the trend of the actual data on stock of capital and the productive capacity that is used to calculate the capacity utilization of the industrial sector, and (ii) since 2000, industrial production has been growing slower than GDP. This could help to explain the discrepancies between capacity utilization of the entire economy and of the industrial sector, suggesting that this demand shock suffered by the industrial sector, combined with a slow mechanism of adjustment of capacity to demand, is one possible explanation for the observed decline in utilization rates.
Effects of Telluric Water Vapor on Airborne Infrared Observations

Atmospheric effects on astronomical observations from aircraft are described. The most extensive effects and those most influenced by flight parameters are due to atmospheric water vapor at far‐infrared wavelengths. This paper evaluates these effects in terms of observing efficiency for different observing modes. For the anticipated Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) program, roughly a 10% reduction in observing time will result from a 1 μm reduction of the average water vapor overburden. Strategies for maximizing observing efficiency are discussed in the context of SOFIA operations.