Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XVII. Meerschautite, (Ag,Cu)5.5Pb42.4(Sb,As)45.1S112O0.8, a new expanded derivative of owyheeite from the Pollone mine, Valdicastello Carducci: occurrence and crystal structure

Abstract The new mineral species meerschautite, ideally (Ag,Cu)5.5Pb42. 4(Sb,As)45.1S112O0. 8, has been discovered in the baryte + pyrite ± (Pb-Zn-Ag) deposit of the Pollone mine, near Valdicastello Carducci, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs as black prismatic crystals, striated along [100], up to 2 mm long and 0.5 mm thick, associated with baryte, boulangerite, pyrite, quartz and sphalerite. Meerschautite is opaque with a metallic lustre and shows a black streak. In reflected light,meerschautite iswhite in colour, weakly bireflectant and non pleochroic.With crossed polars, it is distinctly anisotropic with grey to dark grey rotation tints with brownish and greenish shades. Reflectance percentages for COM wavelengths [λ (nm), Rair (%)] are: 470: 39.7/41.4; 546: 38.3/39.9; 589: 37.4/39.0; 650: 35.8/37.2. Electron-microprobe data collected on two different samples gave (wt.%): Cu 0.22, Ag 3.15, Tl 0.07, Pb 48.54, Sb 25.41, As 2.82, S 19.74, Se 0.14, Cl 0.03, sum 100.12 (# 1) and Cu 0.22, Ag 3.04, Tl 0.13, Pb 48.53, Sb 25.40, As 2.93, Bi 0.06, S 19.82, Se 0.13, Cl 0.05, sum 100.31 (# 2). On the basis of 112 anions (S+Se+Cl) per formula unit, the empirical formulae are (Ag5.29Cu0.63)Σ5. 92(Pb42.43Tl0.06)Σ42. 49(Sb37.80As6.82)Σ44. 62(S111.53Se0.32Cl0.15)Σ112 (# 1) and (Ag5.08Cu0.62)Σ5. 70 (Pb42.22Tl0.12)Σ42. 34(Sb37.61As7.07Bi0.05)Σ44. 73(S111.45Se0.30Cl0.25)Σ112 (# 2). Main diffraction lines, corresponding to multiple hkl indices, are [d in Å (relative visual intensity)]: 3.762 (m), 3.663 (s), 3.334 (vs), 3.244 (s), 3.016 (m), 2.968 (m), 2.902 (m), 2.072 (ms). The crystal structure study gave a monoclinic unit cell, space group P21, with a = 8.2393(1), b = 43.6015(13), c = 28.3688(8)Å, β = 94.128(2)°, V =10164.93(2) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to a final R1 = 0.122 on the basis of 49,037 observed reflections. The structure is based on two building blocks, both formed by a complex column with a pseudotrigonal Pb6S12 core and two arms of unequal lengths (short and long arms, respectively). Two different kinds of short arms occur in meerschautite. One is an Ag-rich arm, whereas the other shows localized Sb-O-Sb bonds. Meerschautite is an expanded derivative of owyheeite and has quasi-homeotypic relationships with sterryite and parasterryite.
Assessment of Breakfast Consumption on Nutritional Adequacy among School-going Children in India

Background: Children of school going age constitute a highly vulnerable and important group. During their growing period, all the nutrients should be included in their diet. Breakfast provides important nutrients for growing children. Skipping breakfast among school children is erratic. Therefore, the study was undertaken to assess the role of breakfast consumption affecting nutritional adequacy among schoolchildren. Methods: During the period 2015-2016, total of 200 school children in the age group of 10-12 years studying in government and private schools of North Bengaluru, Karnataka were selected through random sampling techniques. The breakfast consumption pattern was assessed using questionnaire. Dietary intake in terms of food and nutrients was assessed through 24 hours recall method. To measure adequacy of nutrient consumption, the obtained data was compared with recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for specific age group. Result: Gender wise segregation revealed that 109 were boys (54.5%) and 91 were girls (45.5%). The breakfast skipping was found more in the children of government school compared to private school (73% vs. 37%). When compared with the breakfast consumers, skippers had lower mean intake of all the nutrients studied. Similar results were observed among girls as in boys. The study provided new information on specific meal pattern i.e., breakfast that may be potential determinant of dietary adequacy and dietary quality.
Hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas Oil with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as Double Promoted Catalyst

The effect of various reaction temperature on the hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil to produce a paraffin-rich mixture of hydrocarbons with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as doubled promoted catalyst were studied. The Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst with various metal loading and metal ratio was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, AAS, and N 2 adsorption-desorption. Surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume of catalysts decreased with the increasing of metals loading. The hydrocracking process was conducted under hydrogen initial pressure in batch reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 300-375 o C for 2 h. Depending on the experimental condition, the reaction pressure changed between 10 bar and 15 bar. Several parameters were used to evaluate biofuel produced, including oxygen removal, hydrocarbon composition and gasoline/kerosene/diesel yields. Biofuel was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The composition of hydrocarbon compounds in liquid products was similar to the compounds in the gasoil sold in unit of Pertamina Gas Stations, namely pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, and nonadecane with different amounts for each biofuel produced at different reaction temperatures. However, isoparaffin compounds were not formed at all operating conditions. Pentadecane (n-C15) and heptadecane (n-C17) were the most abundant composition in gasoil when Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was used. Cerbera Manghas oil can be recommended as the source of non-edible vegetable oil to produce gasoil as an environmentally friendly transportation fuel. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reserved Received: 20 th May 2016; Revised: 30 th January 2017; Accepted: 10 th February 2017 How to Cite: Marlinda, L. , Al-Muttaqii, M. , Gunardi, I. , Roesyadi, A. , Prajitno, D.H. (2017). Hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas Oil with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as Double Promoted Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis , 12 (2): 167-184 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.496.167-184) Permalink/DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.9767/bcrec.12. 2.496. 167-184
Event Likelihood Judgments Revisited

Affect control theory shows how cultural meanings for identities and behaviors are used to form impressions of events and guide social action. The theory’s impression formation equations are the engine of its predictions about events and the deflection they generate (i.e., how much they violate, versus conform to, cultural prescriptions). In this research, I examine the relationship between affective (deflection) and cognitive responses to events, with a focus on judgments of event likelihood. I present a series of analyses that show that event likelihood judgments are impacted by events’ perceived normativity, commonality in social life, and our personal experience with events like them and by the appearance likelihood of the actors, combinations of actors, and behaviors they involve and that likelihood ratings and deflection most often diverge for institutionally vague events. I additionally show that deflection computed using Heise’s 2014 impression-change equations strongly predicts event likelihood.
Abstract 35: Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers of Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Intracranial vessel wall MR imaging (VWI) may be able to identify imaging biomarkers of symptomatic plaque. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the strength of association of imaging features of symptomatic plaque on VWI and downstream ischemia. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched up to October 2019. Studies evaluating acute/subacute cerebrovascular ischemia using VWI on 1.5 or 3 Tesla MR were included. Studies with insufficient exclusion of other stroke etiologies, insufficient or duplicated data and conference abstracts were excluded. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study design, VWI techniques, imaging endpoints, and conducted a study design risk bias assessment using the QUADAS-2 tool. Per-lesion odds ratios (OR) were calculated and pooled using a bivariate random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and evaluation of publication bias were performed. Results: Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria (1,750 lesions; 1,542 subjects). Plaque enhancement (OR 7.4, 95% CI 3.4-16.4; Figure), positive remodeling (OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.2-14.0), surface irregularity (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.4-8.6), and T1 hyperintensity (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.3) were significantly associated with downstream ischemia. T2 signal intensity was not significant (p=0.59). Plaque enhancement showed stronger associations when measured in retrospectively designed studies (OR 35.3, 95% CI 7.4-141, p=0.02), by a radiologist as a rater (OR 12.6, 95% CI 5.3-29.7, p<0.001), and on VWI pulse sequences with lower spatial resolution (OR 30.4, 95% CI 7.0-132.4, p=0.02). There was no publication bias (Egger’s test p=0.48). Conclusions: Plaque enhancement, positive remodeling, T1 hyperintensity and surface irregularity emerged as imaging biomarkers of symptomatic plaque. Plaque enhancement had the strongest association and remained significant accounting for sources of bias and variability in both study design and instrument.
The Physical Fitness Level, Heart Rate, and Heart Rate Recovery among Adolescent Smokers and Non-smokers

BACKGROUND: Physical fitness level (PFL), heart rate (HR), and HR recovery (HRR1) were expressed the physical performance of an individual which can be the excellent indicators of health. That parameter differentiates the physical condition between a smoker and a non-smoker. At present, studies about them for adolescent smokers and non-smokers are still limited. Furthermore, they can be the prediction of the health indicators in the future. AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the PFL, HR, and HRR between adolescent smokers and non-smokers METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted by non-experimental and quantitative research with descriptive comparative design and cross-sectional approach. Mann–Whitney test used to describe the distinction between the PFL of students who are adolescent smokers and adolescent non-smokers. The sample data consist of 65 participants selected by purposive sampling collected using Harvard step test and manual HR measurement. RESULTS: After gathered data, we concluded that the PFL of adolescent non-smokers in our samples was significantly higher than smokers with recorded results of p = 0.001 (p < 0.05); HR1, HR60, HR90, and HR180 in adolescent smokers were higher than non-smokers with p = 0.00 (p < 0.05); there were no differences between HRR1 in adolescent smokers and non-smokers with p = 0.042 (p > 0.05). Smoking had effects on PFL and HR. CONCLUSION: The PFL and HR in adolescent non-smokers were better than in smokers but it had no effect on HRR1. Edited by: Sasho Stoleski Citation: Risdiana N, Syahruramdhani S, Suwitno A. The Physical Fitness Level, Heart Rate, and Heart Rate Recovery among Adolescent Smokers and Non-smokers. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021 Mar 01; 9(T4):101-105. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021. 5805
Optical Photometry of the Quasar 3C 454.3 during the Period 2006–2018 and the Long-term Periodicity Analysis

In this work, we present 8523 pairs of R-band optical photometry observations for the quasar 3C 454.3 made during the period of 2006 October–2018 February on the 70 cm meniscus telescope at Abastumani Observatory, Georgia, to study its intraday variabilities (IDVs) and long-term variations, and we have come to the following results. (1) We detected 10 outbursts, a ΔR = 3.825 mag variation, and some IDVs. The IDV timescales are from 4.1 to 285 minutes, with the corresponding variability amplitude being A = 2.9%–43.67%. The amplitude increases with IDV timescale. (2) The largest variation over a 1 day timescale is ΔR = 1.38 mag. (3) The IDV timescales suggest that the emission sizes are from 8.9 × 1013 cm to 6.20 × 1015 cm, and the magnetic field strengths are B = 0.18–0.79 G. (4) Period analysis results show three possible long-term periods, p = 3.04 ± 0.02 yr, p = 1.66 ± 0.06 yr, and p = 1.20 ± 0.03 yr in the optical light curve. We adopted the accretion disk models and the lighthouse models to period p = 3.04 ± 0.02 yr: in the accretion disk models, the binary black holes have masses M = 1.17 × 109 M ⊙; in the lighthouse models, we used two boosted jet flux densities to fit the observational light curve. (5) WWZ analysis gives some short-period (high-frequency) signals associated with strong bursts (JD 2,454,302 and JD 2,454,521) with variable frequencies and lasting for the entire observation time span (11.3 yr).
Investigation of liquid-liquid extraction process for separation of glycerol and biodiesel

Biodiesel is a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of energy which is now being used as an alternative for fossil fuels worldwide. Glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel produced via transesterification and must be removed from biodiesel according to the ASTM Standard D-6751-02. This purification has usually been carried out with liquid-liquid extraction with water as a solvent for glycerol. In commonly-used alkalicatalyzed transesterification of waste cooking oil, the use of large quantities of water alone, as extraction solvent, results in formation of soaps, then emulsions and further difficulties in process downstream. This problem does not exist in acid-catalyzed transesterification of waste cooking oil. The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficiency of other potential solvents, such as hexane and methanol, as well as water in a liquid-liquid extraction unit for separation of glycerol and biodiesel. In order to accomplish this task, first of all, the reliability of the UNIFAC activity coefficient model to predict the phase equilibria of such systems was evaluated. The technical feasibility of the use of hexane, methanol and water as solvents in a single-stage mixer-settler was then investigated. The biodiesel was produced via acid-catalyzed transesterification of waste cooking oil with methanol and the stream entering the mixer was assumed to be free of unconverted oil and acid catalyst, containing only biodiesel, glycerol and methanol. Furthermore, the biodiesel was assumed to have the properties of methyl oleate, which is the major component of biodiesel made from canola oil and methanol. The ASTM limit for glycerol content of biodiesel (<0.02 wt%), the residence time in the settler, the ratio of the liquid phase volumes in the settler and the biodiesel loss were the major performance measures considered. Four different solvent systems were found suitable: (1) water combined with residual methanol (with optimal mass ratio of biodiesel:methanol:water of 1:0.10:0.97), (2) a mixture of hexane and methanol (with optimal mass ratio of biodiesel:hexane:methanol of 1:1.15:1.62), (3) a mixture of hexane and water combined with residual methanol (with optimal mass ratio of biodiesel:hexane:methanol:water of
Compare Different Blood Parameters Between Different Types of Cathete in Atherosclerosis Patients with Type 2 Diabetus

Human blood groups ABO (BG) represent an important system in blood transfusion medicine and transplantation, and have a role in the development of heart disease. The current study was conducted with the aim of comparing the types of blood groups and knowing the most affected by atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Our study was consisted of total (n=192) population with age range (45-70) years old and overweight in terms of their BMI. The first group included (n=64) under Precautinous coronary intervention (PCI) catheterization with atherosclerosis and diabetes type 2. The second group (n=64) underwent Diagnostic (DIG) catheterization with diabetes type 2 and without atherosclerosis. The association between blood group types with diabetes type 2 disease and atherosclerosis was investigated. The most prevalent blood group was O+ (93.74%) in DIG, (80.84%) in PCI closely followed by group B (49.99%), (44.62%) in DIG and PCI respectively, and group A (43.75%) In both group. Least prevalent blood group was AB (35.25%) in PCI and (12.5%) in DIG group. In conclusion the patients with type O are more likely to have diabetes and atherosclerosis, and those with type B are more likely to develop diabetes. Type A and AB are less likely to develop sclerosis.
The Use of Real-World Evidence for Oral Chemotherapies in Breast Cancer

Almost all patients with breast cancer will eventually receive chemotherapy drugs, the majority of which are administered as IV infusions. Real-world evidence indicates that while current treatment paradigms vary considerably from guideline recommendations, there is an increasing trend towards a preference for oral oncolytics among patients with breast cancer. Recent data have shown that oral anticancer therapeutics represent 25% of the oncology drug market share and that there is a high demand for these agents. Therefore, oral formulations of chemotherapy agents such as paclitaxel are currently under development. Although oral oncolytics are associated with several advantages over conventional intravenous drugs, maintaining adherence to therapy is a major barrier in achieving improved outcomes with these agents. Advanced practitioners can facilitate improved adherence to oral oncolytics by integrating evidence into practice to support better education and communication strategies to address patient concerns, overcome key hurdles, and ultimately, empower patients.
Abandonment of traditional land use and climate change threaten the survival of an endangered relict butterfly species

The decline of butterflies exceeds those of many other animal taxa due to their high sensitivity to habitat alterations driven by land‐use change. Moreover, cold‐adapted species frequently suffer severe range retractions due to rising temperatures at their trailing‐edge range margins. In this study, we aim to identify drivers of occupancy of the post‐glacial relict species Lycaena helle at three spatial scales – (i) landscape, (ii) habitat, and (iii) microhabitat – in one of its last refuges in central Europe. In our study in the Eifel low mountain range (western Germany), the occurrence of L. helle was mainly driven by the (i) isolation, (ii) size, and (iii) quality of habitat patches. Lycaena helle formed metapopulations that were dependent on networks of interconnected but often small habitat patches. Habitat quality within the semi‐natural grasslands was determined by (i) macro‐ and mesoclimate, (ii) host‐plant abundance, and (iii) vegetation structure, which was interrelated with microclimate. Lycaena helle preferred moist, nutrient‐poor grasslands in deep, narrow valleys at the highest elevations of the study area, which were characterised by (i) cold winters, (ii) high abundance of the host plant, and (iii) short and sparse swards providing a warm microclimate in summer. According to these findings, abandonment of traditional land use and climate change are considered the most severe threats for long‐term survival of the species. Hence, conservation measures should aim at maintaining and restoring networks of large and well‐connected habitat patches of high quality, preferably in cold‐air depressions within mountain systems.
Effects of Financial Determinants on Dividend Payout: Evidence from Nepalese Retail Banks

This paper aims to examine the impact of five commonly used dividend determinants as; net profit, cash flow, size, market to book value, and slack on the dividend payout ratio of 19 Nepalese commercial banks. This study uses secondary data collected from annual financial statements of the banks listed on the Nepal Stock Exchange. A total of 95 observations of the variables five fiscal years are considered. The method used casual comparative research design and regression analysis is conducted. The results showed a positive and significant effect of two variables; market to book value and slack on dividend payout ratio. The result also showed the positive effect of size on the dividend payout ratio. However, the results indicated a negative effect of profitability and cash flows on the dividend payout ratio of the banks.
Enhanced Extraction and Separation of Trivalent Lanthanoids with 4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione and Crown Ether

Synergistic extraction of the trivalent lanthanoids Nd, Eu and Tm with mixtures of 4,4,4-trifluoro-l-phenyl-l,3-butanedione (Hbtfa) and 18-crown-6, dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 or dibenzo18-crown-6 (CE) in 1,2-dichloroethane from Perchlorate solutions was investigated. Characteristic ion-pair extraction of the Nd(III) or Eu(III) was observed with 1,2-dichloroethane containing Hbtfa and crown ether, in which the cationic complex, Ln(btfa)2 · CE, was formed and extracted. On the other hand, the heavier lanthanoid, Tm(III), was extracted as Tm(btfa)3 · CE. The addition of a crown ether to the metal chelate system not only enhances the extraction efficiency of these trivalent metal ions but also improves the selectivities significantly among the lighter and middle lanthanoids. Hence, such a system would be of practical value in the mutual or group separation of trivalent lanthanoids.
Built to last a day: The function and benefits of spider mound nests

For many animals, early life stages are at higher risk of mortality from sources like predation, disease, and environmental fluctuations than other life stages (Clutton-Brock, 2001). To increase their reproductive success, some parents invest time and energy into protecting offspring by building protective structures. Benefits of protective structures like nests have been found across species. For example, nests increase reproductive success for many mammals (Reichman & Smith, 1990), birds (Mainwaring et al., 2014), reptiles (Angilletta et al., 2009), fish (Ishimatsu et al., 2007; Takegaki & Nakazono, 2000), and arthropods (Hieber, 1992b; Wyatt, 1986). However, the benefits of nests are unlikely to be static through time. From the day they are constructed, conditions outside of nest like environmental conditions and predator dynamics are constantly fluctuating and threatening to damage the nest and/or harm offspring. The dynamic nature of nest benefits through time has great implications for how much parents invest in building and/or Received: 15 July 2020 | Revised: 2 December 2020 | Accepted: 4 December 2020 DOI: 10.1111/eth.13120
Vertical‐organic‐nanocrystal‐arrays for crossbar memristors with tuning switching dynamics toward neuromorphic computing

Memristors proposed by Leon Chua provide a new type of memory device for novel neuromorphic computing applications. However, the approaching of distinct multi‐intermediate states for tunable switching dynamics, the controlling of conducting filaments (CFs) toward high device repeatability and reproducibility, and the ability for large‐scale preparation devices, remain full of challenges. Here, we show that vertical‐organic‐nanocrystal‐arrays (VONAs) could make a way toward the challenges. The perfect one‐dimensional structure of the VONAs could confine the CFs accurately with fine‐tune resistance states in a broad range of 103 ratios. The availability of large‐area VONAs makes the fabrication of large‐area crossbar memristor arrays facilely, and the analog switching characteristic of the memristors is to effectively imitate different kinds of synaptic plasticity, indicating their great potential in future applications.