Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Betulinic Acid for Glioblastoma Treatment: Reality, Challenges and Perspectives

Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring compound that can be obtained through methanolic or ethanolic extraction from plant sources, as well as through chemical synthesis or microbial biotransformation. Betulinic acid has been investigated for its potential therapeutic properties, and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimalarial, and antioxidant activities. Notably, its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier addresses a significant challenge in treating neurological pathologies. This review aims to compile information about the impact of betulinic acid as an antitumor agent, particularly in the context of glioblastoma. Importantly, betulinic acid demonstrates selective antitumor activity against glioblastoma cells by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis, consistent with observations in other cancer types. Compelling evidence published highlights the acid’s therapeutic action in suppressing the Akt/NFκB-p65 signaling cascade and enhancing the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide. Interesting findings with betulinic acid also suggest a focus on researching the reduction of glioblastoma’s invasiveness and aggressiveness profile. This involves modulation of extracellular matrix components, remodeling of the cytoskeleton, and secretion of proteolytic proteins. Drawing from a comprehensive review, we conclude that betulinic acid formulations as nanoparticles and/or ionic liquids are promising drug delivery approaches with the potential for translation into clinical applications for the treatment and management of glioblastoma.
Unraveling Histone Loss in Aging and Senescence

As the global population experiences a notable surge in aging demographics, the need to understand the intricate molecular pathways exacerbated by age-related stresses, including epigenetic dysregulation, becomes a priority. Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in driving age-related diseases through altered gene expression, genomic instability, and irregular chromatin remodeling. In this review, we focus on histones, a central component of the epigenome, and consolidate the key findings of histone loss and genome-wide redistribution as fundamental processes contributing to aging and senescence. The review provides insights into novel histone expression profiles, nucleosome occupancy, disruptions in higher-order chromatin architecture, and the emergence of noncanonical histone variants in the aging cellular landscape. Furthermore, we explore the current state of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of histone deficiency in aging cells. Specific emphasis is placed on highlighting histone degradation pathways in the cell and studies that have explored potential strategies to mitigate histone loss or restore histone levels in aging cells. Finally, in addressing future perspectives, the insights gained from this review hold profound implications for advancing strategies that actively intervene in modulating histone expression profiles in the context of cellular aging and identifying potential therapeutic targets for alleviating a multitude of age-related diseases.
Spatial, geographic, and demographic factors associated with adolescent and youth suicide: a systematic review study

Background Suicide is a public health issue and a main cause of mortality among adolescents and the youth worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Objectives The present research is a systematic review aiming to investigate the spatial, geographical, and demographic factors related to suicide among adolescents and the youth. Methods In this systematic review, two researchers examined PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases on December 7th, 2022 with no time limits from the beginning of publication until 2022 to identify the primary studies on spatial and geographic analysis on adolescent and youth suicides. Once duplicate studies were identified and removed, the titles and abstracts of studies were examined and irrelevant studies were also removed. Finally, 22 studies were reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. Results Our findings show that suicide rates are generally higher among men, residents of rural and less densely populated regions, coastal and mountainous regions, natives, 15-29 age group, less privileged populations with social fragmentation, unemployed, divorced or lonely people, those who live in single parent families, people with mental health issues, and those with low levels of education. Conclusions Stronger evidence supports the effects of geographic and demographic variables on youth and adolescent suicide rates as compared with spatial variables. These findings suggest that policy makers take spatial and demographic factors into consideration when health systems allocate resources for suicide prevention, and that national policymakers integrate demographic and geographic variables into health service programs. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023430994.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Data Processing in Epilepsy Patients with Implanted Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) Devices

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is often treated with surgery or neuromodulation. Specifically, responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is a widely used therapy that is programmed to detect abnormal brain activity and intervene with tailored stimulation. Despite the success of RNS, some patients require further interventions. However, having an RNS device in situ is a hindrance to the performance of neuroimaging techniques. Magnetoencephalography (MEG), a non-invasive neurophysiologic and functional imaging technique, aids epilepsy assessment and surgery planning. MEG performed post-RNS is complicated by signal distortions. This study proposes an independent component analysis (ICA)-based approach to enhance MEG signal quality, facilitating improved assessment for epilepsy patients with implanted RNS devices. Three epilepsy patients, two with RNS implants and one without, underwent MEG scans. Preprocessing included temporal signal space separation (tSSS) and an automated ICA-based approach with MNE-Python. Power spectral density (PSD) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were analyzed, and MEG dipole analysis was conducted using single equivalent current dipole (SECD) modeling. The ICA-based noise removal preprocessing method substantially improved the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for MEG data from epilepsy patients with implanted RNS devices. Qualitative assessment confirmed enhanced signal readability and improved MEG dipole analysis. ICA-based processing markedly enhanced MEG data quality in RNS patients, emphasizing its clinical relevance.
Feasibility of Recovery Assessment Scale – Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) for everyday mental health practice

Introduction Routine use of self-rated measures of mental health recovery can support recovery-oriented practice. However, to be widely adopted, outcome measures must be feasible. This study examined the feasibility of Recovery Assessment Scale – Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) from the perspectives of mental health workers. Method Mental health workers who had previously sought permission to use RAS-DS (n=58) completed an online survey that explored three aspects of feasibility: practicality, acceptability and applicability. Results The highest-rated feasibility items related to applicability, or usefulness in practice, with over 90% of participants reporting that RAS-DS helps “promote discussion” and covers areas that are “meaningful to consumers”. Acceptability items indicated that the purpose of RAS-DS is clear but length was an issue for some participants. At a practical level, RAS-DS was seen as easy to access but training was seen by many as necessary to ensure optimal use. Conclusion Results suggest potential usefulness of RAS-DS as a routine outcome measure and identify aspects that can be addressed to further enhance feasibility including provision of training materials and opportunities, wide-reaching promotion of its use as a collaborative tool, and further investigation of issues around instrument length.
The investigation on properties of Ti- 5Si and Ti- 5Nb implant alloys coated by bioactive based composite coating

Titanium (Ti) alloys are widely utilized in orthopedics owing to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. To improve their resistance to corrosion and ion release properties, substrates of Ti alloy have been produced employing powder metallurgy by adding alloying elements (Si and Nb) at 5wt. % along with CP-Ti. Two torch flame sprays have been utilized for coating the Ti-5Nb and Ti-5Si alloys with two kinds of nanocoating: HAp+25%SiC (type-A) and ZSM5+25%ZrO2 (type-B). These nanocoating combinations represented bioactive and bioinert to combine the biological and mechanical properties of the implant surface. Different tests and characterization techniques have been carried out, including SEM, XRD, AFM, AAS, hardness, adhesion strength, and corrosion resistance. The results manifested that the coatings (types A and B) improved the properties of Ti alloys; however, ZSM5+25%ZrO2 has better properties than type-A in terms of less porosity, higher crystallinity%, higher hardness, higher adhesion strength, lower corrosion rate, and less Ti ions release. Comparing the results of the two Ti alloys, Ti-5Si has higher hardness, corrosion resistance, and less ionic release than the Ti-5Nb alloy. Hence, the Ti-5Si coated by ZSM5+25%ZrO2 (B coated Ti-5Si) is the best sample in this study.
Dynamics of antiphase bursting modulated by the inhibitory synaptic and hyperpolarization-activated cation currents

Antiphase bursting related to the rhythmic motor behavior exhibits complex dynamics modulated by the inhibitory synaptic current (Isyn), especially in the presence of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih). In the present paper, the dynamics of antiphase bursting modulated by the Ih and Isyn is studied in three aspects with a theoretical model. Firstly, the Isyn and the slow Ih with strong strength are the identified to be the necessary conditions for the antiphase bursting. The dependence of the antiphase bursting on the two currents is different for low (escape mode) and high (release mode) threshold voltages (Vth) of the inhibitory synapse. Secondly, more detailed co-regulations of the two currents to induce opposite changes of the bursting period are obtained. For the escape mode, increase of the Ih induces elevated membrane potential of the silence inhibited by a strong Isyn and shortened silence duration to go beyond Vth, resulting in reduced bursting period. For the release mode, increase of the Ih induces elevated tough value of the former part of the burst modulated by a nearly zero Isyn and lengthen burst duration to fall below Vth, resulting in prolonged bursting period. Finally, the fast-slow dynamics of the antiphase bursting are acquired. Using one-and two-parameter bifurcations of the fast subsystem of a single neuron, the burst of the antiphase bursting is related to the stable limit cycle, and the silence modulated by a strong Isyn to the stable equilibrium to a certain extent. The Ih mainly modulates the dynamics within the burst and quiescent state. Furthermore, with the fast subsystem of the coupled neurons, the silence is associated with the unstable equilibrium point. The results present theoretical explanations to the changes in the bursting period and fast-slow dynamics of the antiphase bursting modulated by the Isyn and Ih, which is helpful for understanding the antiphase bursting and modulating rhythmic motor patterns.
FRNet: A Feature-Rich CNN Architecture to Defend Against Adversarial Attacks

Adversarial attacks that are possible in natural images are also transferable to medical images, paralyzing the diagnostic process and threatening the robustness of underlying Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based classifiers. In this work, we have first demonstrated the effectiveness of well-known natural image adversarial attacks such as FGSM and PGD on Malaria cell images. Afterwards, we propose a novel defense methodology, namely FRNet, that leverages well-established features such as HOG, LBP, KAZE, and SIFT that are able to detect edges and objects while they remain robust against imperceptible adversarial perturbations. The method utilizes an MLP to efficiently concatenate the features to FRNet making it convenient and resulting in an architecturally neural and attack generic methodology. Our experimental results demonstrate that when applying FRNet on different CNN architectures such as simple CNN, EfficientNet, and MobileNet, it decreases the impact of adversarial attacks by as much as 67% compared to the corresponding base models.
The Relationship between Environmental Taxation, Environmental Performance and Economic Growth: Comparative Study of Sweden and China 1985-2016

This paper explores the relationship between environmental tax, environmental performance and economic development in China and Sweden using time series data over the period 1985–2016. The mainly research method is constructive study method and this study mainly aims at improving environmental tax system of China. We performed ARDL Bound test to see if there is evidence of a long run relationship. Based on the results, we found that both countries have cointegrating vectors. Moreover, by setting up ARDL-ECM model we find out the triadic relation and testify the EKC theory and Double Dividend theory existing or not in China and Sweden. The Granger causality tells us environmental tax in China does not play a role in reducing carbon dioxide, environmental tax benefits to economic growth and economic growth of China will weaken growth of carbon emission but the function is not significant. To ameliorate this condition, governments should accelerate public relative environmental tax policy especially carbon tax to decrease emission of carbon without restricting growth of economy.
Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Following Unintentional Injuries in Children

Trauma is defined as the direct personal experience of an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury (1). Many people are exposed to traumatic events such as natural disasters, wars, fire and traffic accidents or sexual assault. Besides, witnessing someone seriously injured or killed, experiencing death or injury of a family member or close relatives due to a traumatic event might also be traumatic (2, 3). In addition, various medical procedures and some compulsory medical interventions, such as surgery, can also be traumatic for children (4). It has been noted that the rates of exposure to a traumatic event can vary depending on the age of the person, country of origin and occupation (3). In a national study conducted in the UK, the prevalence of having been exposed to a traumatic event was found to be around 8.7% in children between 5-10 years and 12.6% in children between 10-15 years (5). Children in underdeveloped or developing countries are exposed to a higher number of traumatic events (6). Although it is estimated that the proportion of children who are exposed to this kind of experience in Turkey is high, there is not enough data about this subject in our estimation. Traumatic events in childhood can lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) characterized by intrusive memories, avoidance, hyperarousal, and negative alterations in mood and cognition (3). Although a significant proportion of children exposed to traumatic events are reported to develop PTSD, this rate varies considerably between studies and it was stated that this difference may be related to various factors including both the person who is exposed to the traumatic event and the nature of the traumatic event (7). Thus, the nature of the traumatic event, physical and psychological proximity to the incident, previous traumatic ABSTRACT Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma and stressor -related disorder that might have prominent negative effects on the social and academic life of children. Unintentional injuries are the leading reason for physical disability and death during childhood. We aimed to investigate PTSD symptoms in children withunintentional injuries who weretreated in hospital. Children who were injured due to various causes and treated in emergency servicewere retrospectively evaluated for PTSD symptoms. The PTSD symptoms were assessed by the revised Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8), and The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children. The average age of the study sample consisting of fifty-eight male and thirty-one female children (n= 89) was found to be
Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Alters Mechanical Sensitivity, but Not Thermal Sensitivity or Pain Modulatory Function

Introduction Many clinical musculoskeletal pain conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation that sensitizes nociceptors. An unresolved issue is whether inflammation affects all nociceptors in a similar manner. Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) has been proposed as a model for simulating clinical inflammatory pain in healthy samples. We sought to test the effect of EIMD on various painful stimuli (pressure and thermal), central pain processing (via the nociceptive flexion reflex) and endogenous pain modulation via conditioned pain modulation and exercise-induced hypoalgesia. Methods Eighteen participants (9F, age: 24.6 ± 3.3) were recruited for repeated measures testing and each completed pain sensitivity testing prior to and 48 hours after an eccentric exercise protocol. The participants performed a minimum of 6 rounds of 10 eccentric knee extension exercises to induce muscle damage and localized inflammation in the right quadriceps. Force decrements, knee range-of-motion, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were used to quantify EIMD. Results There was a significant main effect of time for pressure pain (%diff; −58.9 ± 23.1; p = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.28) but no significant main effect was observed for limb (%diff; −15.5 ± 23.9; p = 0.53, ηp2 = 0.02). In contrast, there was a significant interaction between time and limb (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.47) whereby participants had lower pressure pain sensitivity in the right leg only after the damage protocol (%diff; −105.9 ± 29.2; p = 0.002). Discussion Individuals with chronic inflammatory pain usually have an increased sensitivity to pressure, thermal, and electrical stimuli, however, our sample, following muscle damage to induce acute inflammation only had sensitivity to mechanical pain. Exercise induced inflammation may reflect a peripheral sensitivity localized to the damaged muscle rather than a global sensitivity like those with chronic pain display.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR DALAM BENTUK MEDIA KOMIK DENGAN 3D PAGE FLIP PADA MATERI IKATAN KIMIA

Pembelajaran menggunakan media memiliki beberapa manfaat antara lain membangkitkan motivasi, minat, meningkatkan pemahaman, menyajikan data dengan menarik dan terpercaya serta memudahkan penafsiran data dalam mendapatkan informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengembangan bahan ajar dalam bentuk media komik untuk menggunakan program 3D Page Flip pada materi Ikatan Kimia dan mengetahui respon mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Jambi terhadap media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan . Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang mengadaptasi model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari tahap Analisis (Analysis), Desain (Design), Pengembangan (development). Pada tahap-tahap ini dilakukan validasi oleh tim ahli serta penilaian oleh pengguna. Penerapan (Implementasi) pada tahap ini dilakukan uji coba kelompok kecil dan Evaluasi (Evaluation). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian ahli media, ahli materi dan pengguna terhadap produk media pembelajaran komik kimia berturut-turut adalah skor 72 “sangat baik”, skor 71 “sangat baik” dan hasil respon mahasiswa didapatkan skor 63 “sangat baik” dengan persentase 84% yang menyatakan bahwa mahasiswa memberikan respon positif terhadap media pembelajaran komik kimia yang dikembangkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ahli media, ahli materi, dan pengguna (mahasiswa) menilai media komik kimia menggunakan 3D Page Flip pada materi Ikatan Kimia adalah baik bila digunakan sebagai bahan ajar kimia.
Active Machine Learning Approach for Crater Detection From Planetary Imagery and Digital Elevation Models

Craters are dominant geomorphological features on the surfaces of the moon, Mars, and other planets. The distribution of craters provides valuable information on the planetary surface geology. Machine learning is a widely used approach to detect craters on planetary surface data. A critical step in machine learning is the determination of training samples. In previous studies, the training samples were mainly selected manually, which usually leads to insufficient numbers due to the high cost and unfavorable quality. Surface imagery and digital elevation models (DEMs) are now commonly available for planetary surfaces; this offers new opportunities for crater detection with better performance. This paper presents a novel active machine learning approach, in which the imagery and DEMs covering the same region are used for collecting training samples with more automation and better performance. In the training process, the approach actively asks for annotations for the 2-D features derived from imagery with inputs from 3-D features derived from the DEMs. Thus, the training pool can be updated accordingly, and the model can be retrained. This process can be conducted several times to obtain training samples in sufficient number and of favorable quality, from which a classifier with better performance can be generated, and it can then be used for automatic crater detection in other regions. The proposed approach highlights two advantages: 1) automatic generation of a large number of high-quality training samples and 2) prioritization of training samples near the classification boundary so as to learn more quickly. Two sets of test data on the moon and Mars were used for the experimental validation. The performance of the proposed approach was superior to that of a regular machine learning method.
Differences in management approaches for lupus nephritis within the UK

Abstract Objectives Outcomes of therapy for LN are often suboptimal. Guidelines offer varied options for treatment of LN and treatment strategies may differ between clinicians and regions. We aimed to assess variations in the usual practice of UK physicians who treat LN. Methods We conducted an online survey of simulated LN cases for UK rheumatologists and nephrologists to identify treatment preferences for class IV and class V LN. Results Of 77 respondents, 48 (62.3%) were rheumatologists and 29 (37.7%) were nephrologists. A total of 37 (48.0%) reported having a joint clinic between nephrologists and rheumatologists, 54 (70.0%) reported having a multidisciplinary team meeting for LN and 26 (33.7%) reported having a specialized lupus nurse. Of the respondents, 58 (75%) reported arranging a renal biopsy before starting the treatment. A total of 20 (69%) of the nephrologists, but only 13 (27%) rheumatologists, reported having a formal departmental protocol for treating patients with LN (P < 0.001). The first-choice treatment of class IV LN in pre-menopausal patients was MMF [41 (53.2%)], followed by CYC [15 (19.6%)], rituximab [RTX; 12 (12.5%)] or a combination of immunosuppressive drugs [9 (11.7%)] with differences between nephrologists’ and rheumatologists’ choices (P = 0.026). For class V LN, MMF was the preferred initial treatment, irrespective of whether proteinuria was in the nephrotic range or not. RTX was the preferred second-line therapy for non-responders. Conclusion There was variation in the use of protocols, specialist clinic service provision, biopsies and primary and secondary treatment choices for LN reported by nephrologists and rheumatologists in the UK.