Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tuning in to non-adjacent dependencies: How experience with learnable patterns supports learning novel regularities

Non-adjacent dependencies are ubiquitous in language, but difficult to learn. Previous research has shown that the presence of high variability between dependent items facilitates learning. Yet what allows learning of non-adjacent dependencies even without high variability in intervening elements? One possibility is that learning non-adjacent dependencies highlights similar structures, allowing people to learn new non-adjacent dependencies that are otherwise difficult. In two studies, we show how being exposed to learnable non-adjacent dependencies can change learners’ sensitivity to novel non-adjacent regularities that are more difficult to detect. These findings demonstrate a new way in which learning can build on and shape later learning about complex linguistic structure.
Ferulic Acid Esterase Producing Lactobacillus johnsonii from Goat Feces as Corn Silage Inoculants

Ferulic acid esterase (FAE+)-producing lactobacilli are being studied as silage inoculants due to their potential of increasing forage fiber digestibility. In this work, three FAE+ Lactobacillus (L.) johnsonii strains were isolated from caprine feces and characterized according to their potential probiotic characteristics and as silage inoculants. Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL1446, a human probiotic isolated from goat cheese, was also included in the experiments as a potential silage inoculant. FAE activity quantification, probiotic characterization, and growth in maize aqueous extract indicated that L. johnsonii ETC187 might have a better inoculant and probiotic aptitude. Nevertheless, results in whole-corn mini silos indicated that, although acid detergent fiber (ADF) was significantly reduced by this strain (3% compared with the uninoculated (UN) group), L. johnsonii ETC150 and CRL1446 not only induced similar ADF reduction but also reduced dry matter (DM) loss (by 7.3% and 6.5%, respectively) compared with the UN group. Additionally, CRL1446 increased in vitro DM degradability by 10%. All treatments reduced gas losses when compared with the UN group. The potential probiotic features of these strains, as well as their beneficial impact on corn fermentation shown in this study, encourage further studies as enhancers in animal production.
Research on Optimization of Cross-Border e-Commerce Logistics Distribution Network in the Context of Artificial Intelligence

The continuous innovation of artificial intelligence technology has led to industrial upgrading and industry transformation in various industries, and e-commerce logistics has borne the brunt. Artificial intelligence relies on the intelligence of a large number of operations and decisions in the process of logistics operations, as well as the integration of transport, storage, distribution, packaging, loading and unloading, and other aspects of the production process and the hierarchy of the system, which has become an important engine to promote the upgrading of logistics equipment and technology, the innovation of production links and processes, the change in the structure of supply and demand of traditional logistics jobs, and the renewal of the traditional form of logistics. The application of artificial intelligence and the development of a new generation of information technology, including big data, has opened the era of intelligent logistics. And the continuous deepening of China’s foreign trade makes the demand for cross-border e-commerce logistics surge, and the importance of cross-border e-commerce logistics has been rapidly highlighted. Hence, it becomes urgent to construct a cross-line Internet business coordinated operations improvement model by consolidating man-made consciousness innovation. In view of investigating the activity techniques of cross-line online business coordinated factors, this paper advances the improvement methodology of cross-line web-based business operations advancement way with regard to man-made reasoning. By concentrating on the ongoing circumstance and issues of cross-line web-based business coordinated factor circulation module and consolidating the idea of wise strategies, the appropriation stage, the way transportation stage, and freight conveyance phase of Internet business coordinated factor dissemination activity are advanced, in order to accomplish the motivation behind lessening the expense of end dispersion, working on the effectiveness of dissemination, and expanding consumer loyalty.
SELF-MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS TO REDUCE PROCRASTINATION BEHAVIOR

Many studies have focused on interventions to reduce procrastination behavior. However, no one has taken advantage of the sophistication of technology. This study aims to strengthen the effect of the intervention on reducing procrastination behavior in the long term by using the application. The method used is a literature review on research articles on counseling services with various techniques to reduce procrastination behavior in the last 10 years. Some of the important things discussed were the implementation of self-management techniques into an application, concepts and ways of working, as well as analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the application.
HER2 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of Emerging Therapies

Simple Summary There are growing data on targeting HER2 alterations, which include gene mutations, gene amplifications, and protein overexpression, for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, there are limited targeted therapies approved for NSCLC patients with HER2 alterations, and this remains an unmet clinical need. There has been an influx of research on antibody–drug conjugates, monoclonal antibodies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review discusses the diagnostic challenges of HER2 alterations in NSCLC and summarizes recent progress in HER2 targeted drugs for both clinicians and researchers treating this patient population. Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a member of the ERBB family of tyrosine kinase receptors, has emerged as a therapeutic target of interest for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years. Activating HER2 alterations in NSCLC include gene mutations, gene amplifications, and protein overexpression. In particular, the HER2 exon 20 mutation is now a well clinically validated biomarker. Currently, there are limited targeted therapies approved for NSCLC patients with HER2 alterations. This remains an unmet clinical need, as HER2 alterations are present in 7–27% of de novo NSCLC and may serve as a resistance mechanism in up to 10% of EGFR mutated NSCLC. There has been an influx of research on antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), monoclonal antibodies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with mixed results. The most promising therapies are ADCs (trastuzumab-deruxtecan) and novel TKIs targeting exon 20 mutations (poziotinib, mobocertinib and pyrotinib); both have resulted in meaningful anti-tumor efficacy in HER2 mutated NSCLC. Future studies on HER2 targeted therapy will need to define the specific HER2 alteration to better select patients who will benefit, particularly for HER2 amplification and overexpression. Given the variety of HER2 targeted drugs, sequencing of these agents and optimizing combination therapies will depend on more mature efficacy data from clinical trials and toxicity profiles. This review highlights the challenges of diagnosing HER2 alterations, summarizes recent progress in novel HER2-targeted agents, and projects next steps in advancing treatment for the thousands of patients with HER2 altered NSCLC.
Modelling accretion in protobinary systems

A method for following fragmentation simulations further in time using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is presented. In a normal SPH simulation of the collapse and fragmentation of a molecular cloud, high-density regions of gas that form protostars are represented by many particles with small separations. These high-density regions require small time steps, limiting the time for which the simulation can be followed. Thus, the end result of the fragmentation can never be definitively ascertained, and comparisons between cloud fragmentation calculations and the observed characteristics of stellar systems cannot be made. In this paper, each high-density region is replaced by a single, non-gaseous particle, with appropriate boundary conditions, which contains all the mass in the region and accretes any infalling mass. This enables the evolution of the cloud and the resulting protostars to be followed for many orbits or until most of the original cloud mass has been accreted.
The impact of precolonial political centralisation on local development: Ghana’s paradox

ABSTRACT I investigate the impact of precolonial political centralisation (PPC) on local development in Ghana. Accounting for the potential endogeneity associated with the emergence of political centralisation, I find that PPC has a strong negative impact on local development. Further, PPC does not significantly correlate with the provision of local public goods. These results are robust to a battery of sensitivity checks and a wealth of controls at a fine unit. Two mechanisms plausibly explain these findings. First, I show that past colonial public investments, which still significantly determine contemporary development outcomes in Ghana, disfavoured politically centralised regions. Second, I argue that in centralised areas colonial rule might have empowered despotic local patrons who served the interest of the colonial state at the expense of local development.
Image Captioning With Novel Topics Guidance and Retrieval-Based Topics Re-Weighting

Topic modelling (TM) has shown significant progress in boosting the effectiveness of image captioning in the last few years. Although important improvements have been shown in previous topic-guided image captioning models, some challenges remain unsolved, such as the independence of the topic predictors and the sentence generators, resulting in ineffective exploitation of semantic information. Also, all the predicted topics or the top-one topic are used throughout the whole captioning task without considering the current time step's linguistic context, which deviates the captioning network to focus on inaccurate image objects. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel image captioning method consisting of four modules: enhanced topic predictor (ETP), retrieval-based topics re-weighting module (RTR), subsequent topic predictor (STP), and caption generation module. The prediction and generation modules are trained in an end-to-end manner to promote the efficient use of topics by predicting suitable topics at each time step. ETP predicts the topics using the image features, and is enhanced with topic embedding (TE). The RTR is only applied in the testing stage for re-weighting the topics predicted by ETP. In each time step, the STP automatically predicts concise topics subsets to alleviate the diversity of the image topics. Compared with the existing topic-based models, our model can automatically generate more accurate and diverse captions, boosting the explainability of how the topics influence the generated word in each time step. Extensive experiments on the MS-COCO and Flickr30K benchmark datasets show that our method enhances the overall image captioning's performance and the topic prediction task, and outperforms many recent image captioning approaches in terms of the evaluation metrics.
Identifying the potential participation in natural disaster insurance: first attempt based on a national socio-economic survey in Indonesia

Purpose This study aims to identify the regions with a high risk of natural disaster, estimate the proportion of households potentially participating in natural disaster insurance and analyze the relationship between disaster risk index and proportion of household potentially participating in natural disaster insurance. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive and quadrant analysis was applied on the 2019 Indonesia Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) scores and the 2019 National Socio-Economic Survey data. Findings The results showed there are only two categories of disaster risks in Indonesia based on IRBI categorization: “Medium” and “High. ” Some districts in Aceh Province such as Simeuleu, Pidie Jaya and Banda Aceh City were observed to have a high proportion of households potentially participating in the natural disaster insurance while some in Jawa Tengah provinces have fairly low level even though they were categorized as high disaster-prone areas. Moreover, the quadrant analysis showed that 43 districts have high IRBI scores but low insurance participation rates with most discovered to be in Jawa Barat and Sumatera Selatan provinces. Originality/value Indonesia does not have a financial mitigation program up to the present time because almost all disaster resolutions are formulated based on emergency funds from the state budget even though it is important to use insurance schemes in all stages of disaster management. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to identify households potentially participating in natural disaster insurance through the National Socio-Economic Survey in Indonesia.
Fructose, a trigger of metabolic diseases?—a narrative review

Worldwide the number of individuals being overweight or obese has dramatically increased during the last decades, which is also associated with a similar dramatic increase of individuals afflicted with metabolic disorders like dyslipidemia, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Genetic predisposition may account for some of the increases in body weight and the development of metabolic disorders; however, much is probably also related to the changes in physical activity and dietary pattern. Indeed, results of epidemiological studies suggest that a ‘western-type dietary pattern’ composed of highly processed foods, sweetened foods, and beverages, all adding to a low fiber but high sugar and saturated fat intake, may increase the odd of developing overweight and metabolic disorders. Consumption of sugar, and especially, fructose has repeatedly been discussed to be a key contributor to the development of health disturbances including hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance as well as NAFLD. However, despite intense research effort, the question if and how (high) dietary fructose intake interferes with human health has not yet been fully answered also as findings are sometimes contradictory. In the present narrative review, results of recent studies assessing the effect of fructose consumption on the development of metabolic disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hyperinsulinemia, and NAFLD as well as underlying molecular mechanisms are reviewed, thereby, aiming to further address the question if (high) fructose intake is a trigger of metabolic diseases.
Experimental Characterization of Temperature-Dependent Microwave Noise of Discrete HEMTs: Drain Noise and Real-Space Transfer

We report wafer characterization of the S-parameters and microwave noise temperature of discrete GaAs and GaN HEMTs over a temperature range of 20 - 300 K. The measured noise temperature (T50) exhibits a dependence on physical temperature that is inconsistent with a constant drain temperature, with Td for the GaAs and GaN devices changing from ~ 2000 K and ~2800 K at room temperature to ~ 700 K and ~ 1800 K at cryogenic temperatures, respectively. The observed temperature dependence is qualitatively consistent with that predicted from a theory of drain noise based on real-space transfer of electrons from the channel to the barrier.
Integrated analysis of a competing endogenous RNA network reveals key long noncoding RNAs as potential prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma

Growing evidence has revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important impact on tumorigenesis and tumor progression via a mechanism involving competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). However, their use in predicting the survival of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to develop a novel lncRNA expression–based risk score system to accurately predict the survival of patients with HCC. In our study, using expression profiles downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, the differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), lncRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) were explored in patients with HCC and normal liver tissues, and then a ceRNA network constructed. A risk score system was established between lncRNA expression of the ceRNA network and overall survival (OS) or recurrence‐free survival (RFS); it was further analyzed for associations with the clinical features of patients with HCC. In HCC, 473 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 63 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 1417 differentially expressed mRNAs were detected. The ceRNA network comprised 41 lncRNA nodes, 12 miRNA nodes, 24 mRNA nodes, and 172 edges. The lncRNA expression–based risk score system for OS was constructed based on six lncRNAs (MYLK‐AS1, AL359878.1, PART1, TSPEAR‐AS1, C10orf91, and LINC00501), while the risk score system for RFS was based on four lncRNAs (WARS2‐IT1, AL359878.1, AL357060.1, and PART1). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses showed the risk score systems for OS or RFS were significant independent factors adjusted for clinical factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the area under the curve for the risk score system was 0.704 for OS, and 0.71 for RFS. Our result revealed a lncRNA expression–based risk score system for OS or RFS can effectively predict the survival of patients with HCC and aid in good clinical decision‐making.
Auditory Versus Visual Stimulus Effects on Cognitive Performance During the N-back Task

The n-back task is one of the most popular methods for studying working memory, and it is tested with either auditory or visual stimuli. Previous research comparing stimulus modalities has demonstrated that auditory and visual tasks often elicit differential responding and, potentially, different underlying cognitive processes. In this study, performance accuracy and response time were measured during an n-back task that varied in terms of stimulus modality and difficulty. Findings demonstrate that participants respond faster but less accurately during a visual as compared to an auditory condition where participants are more accurate but slower to respond. These results are discussed in terms of dual coding and feature binding. Implications for the presentation of n-back tasks in studies of working memory are discussed.
Natural resource dependence and economic growth in SSA: are there threshold effects?

ABSTRACT The debate on the natural resource curse hypothesis has attracted the attention of policy makers and policy analysts for the past few decades. However, the empirical findings on such a hypothesis have proven inconclusive. Our study investigates the threshold effects of natural resource dependence on economic growth in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) using both aggregate and disaggregate data from 1990 to 2019 by employing a threshold effect model. The results indicate a double threshold effect of natural resource rent on economic growth. In particular, below 6% of GDP, aggregate natural resource rent exerts a significant negative effect on economic growth. However, as the rents increase above 6% to about 15% of GDP its negative effect on economic growth significantly reduces. In addition, beyond 15% of GDP natural resource rent exhibit a substantial significant positive impact on economic growth. Further, the disaggregated data reveal that forest rents exhibit a strong weighty adverse effect on economic growth at all levels of thresholds. The study recommends that governments within the sub-region need to put in policies to ensure that natural resources generate at least 15% of GDP annually to promote growth.
Effect of Sidewall Spacers on the Performance of GaAs Based DG-JLMOSFET

The effects of both the high-k and low-k sidewall spacers on the performance of a GaAs based Double Gate Junctionless Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (DG-JLMOSFET) have been investigated. Here, the results have been obtained from SILVACO ATLAS TCAD simulation tool. The proposed DG-JLMOSFET structure shows superior performance when TiO2 is used as the sidewall spacer. Additionally, we observed the improvements in the short channel effects (SCEs), subthreshold swing (SS) and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of 79 mV/decade and 108 mV/decade, respectively. The GaAs based DG-JLMOSFET with sidewall spacer gives high ON current (ION) and low OFF current (IOFF) with high ON-state to OFF -state current ((ION/IOFF) ratio of 9.381×107 compared to the device structure without sidewall spacers. The results have been finally compared with the Si counterpart. The outcomes could be a good insight for fabricating the GaAs based future practical DG-JLMOSFETs for nano-devices.
Halogenated Salts as Coagulant to Prepare Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Containing Paclitaxel using High-Pressure Homogenisation Method

: Preparation of Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Containing Paclitaxel using High-Pressure Homogenisation In this study, bovine serum albumin-paclitaxel nanoparticles were prepared by high-pressure homogenization method with halogenated salt as coagulant. The effect of process parameters such as bovine serum albumin concentration, coagulant concentration, homogenisation time, homogenisation pressure, water/ethanol ratio and bovine serum albumin-paclitaxel ratio was analyzed to optimize nanoparticle size, bovine serum albumin conversion rate and encapsulation efficiency. Bovine serum albumin concentration and homogenisation pressure were found to exert a great influence on bovine serum albumin conversion rate and particle size. Meanwhile, the bovine serum albumin-paclitaxel ratio significantly affected the nanoparticle encapsulation efficiency. Electron microscopy showed that the freeze-dried particles mostly existed in the form of dimers and trimers with an average particle size of 300-400 nm. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that paclitaxel was well encapsulated in bovine serum albumin. Raman spectra of the synthesized nanoparticles indicated changes in the disulphide bond configuration and protein structure. In addition, the effect of different crosslinking agents (genipin, vanillin and glutaraldehyde) on drug release from the nanoparticles in in vitro conditions was investigated. The study confirmed vanillin had better sustained release effect. These results suggest that high-pressure homogenization method with halogenated salts as coagulant is an effective method to prepare drug-delivery systems with albumin as a carrier.