Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Procedure, management, and outcome of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter–defibrillator extraction in clinical practice

Abstract Aims Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (S-ICD) therapy is expanding rapidly. However, there are few data on the S-ICD extraction procedure and subsequent patient management. The aim of this analysis was to describe the procedure, management, and outcome of S-ICD extractions in clinical practice. Methods and results We enrolled consecutive patients who required complete S-ICD extraction at 66 Italian centres. From 2013 to 2022, 2718 patients undergoing de novo implantation of an S-ICD were enrolled. Of these, 71 required complete S-ICD system extraction (17 owing to infection). The S-ICD system was successfully extracted in all patients, and no complications were reported; the median procedure duration was 40 (25th–75th percentile: 20–55) min. Simple manual traction was sufficient to remove the lead in 59 (84%) patients, in whom lead-dwelling time was shorter [20 (9–32) months vs. 30 (22–41) months; P = 0.032]. Hospitalization time was short in the case of both non-infectious [2 (1–2) days] and infectious indications [3 (1–6) days]. In the case of infection, no patients required post-extraction intravenous antibiotics, the median duration of any antibiotic therapy was 10 (10–14) days, and the re-implantation was performed during the same procedure in 29% of cases. No complications arose over a median of 21 months. Conclusion The S-ICD extraction was safe and easy to perform, with no complications. Simple traction of the lead was successful in most patients, but specific tools could be needed for systems implanted for a longer time. The peri- and post-procedural management of S-ICD extraction was free from complications and not burdensome for patients and healthcare system. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/Identifier: NCT02275637.
Health Services Needs Assessment for Retinoblastoma in Ethiopia

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to document the available resources and needs for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) in Ethiopia. METHODS A health services needs assessment focused on RB care in Ethiopia was conducted. Information was obtained through a web-based survey and field visits. Facilities offering RB service delivery were categorized into three tiers, on the basis of the ability to detect (tier 1) and manage simple (tier 2) or complex (tier 3) patients with RB. Descriptive statistics were performed to quantify human and material resources available at each facility. RESULTS The web survey received 29 responses from ophthalmologists at 19 health care facilities. Of the 19 units surveyed, seven (36.8%) had an ophthalmologist dedicated to RB treatment, classifying them as either a tier 2 or 3 facility. All tier 3 facilities had an affiliated health facility offering access to off-site pediatric oncology and pathology services. Of the focal therapies offered at tier 3 facilities, none included local chemotherapy or brachytherapy. Enucleation was offered at all tier 2 facilities, but availability of orbital implants and ocular prostheses was variable. None of the health facilities offered genetics services. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the human and material resources needed for RB care in Ethiopia are constrained. Tier 3 RB facilities are rare and concentrated in urban areas, which could make it difficult for many patients to access. With focused capacity-building efforts, it is possible to increase the efficiency of RB therapy.
Effects of Acute Ethanol Intoxication on Spinal Cord Injury Outcomes in Female Mice

Approximately one in three traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) occurs during or shortly after the consumption of alcohol. A small number of retrospective clinical studies report variable effects of alcohol intoxication on mortality, neurological recovery, and complications after SCI. Some of these studies demonstrate a protective effect of alcohol intoxication on SCI outcomes, whereas others show an increased complication risk. Pre-clinical studies in rat, ferret, and feline SCI models report a detrimental effect of ethanol intoxication on hemorrhage, motor recovery, and biochemical markers of tissue injury. However, no studies to date have investigated the neuropathological consequences of ethanol intoxication at the time of SCI or the reciprocal effect of SCI on ethanol metabolism. Therefore, we combined a pre-clinical mouse model of acute ethanol intoxication and experimental vertebral level T9 contusion SCI to investigate their interactive effects in female mice. We first investigated the effect of SCI on ethanol metabolism and found that T9 SCI does not alter ethanol metabolism. However, we did find that isoflurane anesthesia significantly slowed ethanol metabolism independent of SCI. We also determined how acute ethanol intoxication at the time of SCI alters locomotor recovery and lesion pathology. Using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) and CatWalk XT Gait Analysis System, we assessed locomotor recovery for 6 weeks after injury and observed that acute ethanol intoxication at the time of injury did not alter locomotor recovery. We also found no effect of ethanol intoxication on heat hyperalgesia development. There was, however, a detrimental effect of ethanol on tissue sparing after SCI. Therefore, we conclude that acute alcohol intoxication at the time of injury may contribute to the neuropathological consequences of SCI.
Cell‐free DNA for detection of clonal B cells in diffuse large B cell lymphoma by sequencing

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma in the western world. It is highly heterogeneous with a variable clinical course, but curable with chemo‐immunotherapy in up to 70% of all cases. The lymphoma presents in lymph nodes and/or extranodal lymphoid tissue, and the diagnosis is based on invasive procedures for histopathologic evaluation.
Serum neurofilament light chain measurements following nerve trauma

Optimal functional recovery following peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) is dependent upon early recognition and prompt referral to specialist centres for appropriate surgical intervention. Technologies which facilitate the early detection of PNI would allow faster referral rates and encourage improvements in patient outcomes. Serum Neurofilament light chain (NfL) measurements are cheaper to perform, easier to access and interpret than many conventional methods used for nerve injury diagnosis, such as electromyography and/or magnetic resonance imaging assessments, but changes in serum NfL levels following traumatic PNI have not been investigated. This pre‐clinical study aimed to determine whether serum NfL levels can: (1) detect the presence of a nerve trauma and (2) delineate between different severities of nerve trauma.
Long‐term changes in Noctiluca scintillans blooms along the Chinese coast from 1933 to 2020

Noctiluca scintillans is one of the most common harmful algal species and widely known due to its bioluminescence. In this study, the spatial distribution, seasonal variations, and long‐term trends of N. scintillans blooms in China and the related drivers were analyzed and discussed. From 1933 to 2020, a total of 265 events of N. scintillans blooms were recorded in Chinese coastal waters, with a total duration of 1052 days. The first N. scintillans bloom occurred in Zhejiang in 1933, and only three events were recorded before 1980. From 1981 to 2020, N. scintillans caused harmful algal blooms (HABs) almost every year, both the average duration and the proportion of multiphase HABs showed an increasing trend. 1986–1992, 2002–2004, and 2009–2016 were the three peak periods with a frequency of no less than five events of N. scintillans blooms per year. In terms of spatial distribution, N. scintillans blooms spread from the Southeast China Sea to the Bohai Sea after 2000, Guangdong, Fujian, and Hebei were the three provinces with the highest numbers of recorded events of N. scintillans blooms. Moreover, 86.8% of the events of N. scintillans blooms occurred in spring (March, April, and May) and summer (June, July, and August). Among environmental factors, the dissolved inorganic phosphate, dissolved silicate and chemical oxygen demand were significantly correlated with the cell density of N. scintillans during N. scintillans blooms, and most of N. scintillans blooms were recorded in the temperature range of 18.0–25.0°C. Precipitation, hydrodynamics, water temperature, and food availability might be the main factors affecting the spatial–temporal distribution of N. scintillans blooms along the Chinese coast.
Increased blood reactive oxygen species and hepcidin in obstructive sleep apnea precludes expected erythrocytosis

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes intermittent hypoxia during sleep. Hypoxia predictably initiates an increase in the blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb); yet in our analysis of 527 patients with OSA, >98% did not have an elevated Hb. To understand why patients with OSA do not develop secondary erythrocytosis due to intermittent hypoxia, we first hypothesized that erythrocytosis occurs in these patients, but is masked by a concomitant increase in plasma volume. However, we excluded that explanation by finding that the red cell mass was normal (measured by radionuclide labeling of erythrocytes and carbon monoxide inhalation). We next studied 45 patients with OSA before and after applying continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We found accelerated erythropoiesis in these patients (increased erythropoietin and reticulocytosis), but it was offset by neocytolysis (lysis of erythrocytes newly generated in hypoxia upon return to normoxia). Parameters of neocytolysis included increased reactive oxygen species from expanded reticulocytes' mitochondria. The antioxidant catalase was also downregulated in these cells from hypoxia‐stimulated microRNA‐21. In addition, inflammation‐induced hepcidin limited iron availability for erythropoiesis. After CPAP, some of these intermediaries diminished but Hb did not change. We conclude that in OSA, the absence of significant increase in red cell mass is integral to the pathogenesis, and results from hemolysis via neocytolysis combined with inflammation‐mediated suppression of erythropoiesis.
PENGARUH TEKNIK RELAKSASI PROGRESIF TERHADAP KEMAJUAN PERSALINAN PADA IBU INPARTU PRIMIGRAVIDA KALA 1 FASE AKTIF DI RB/BKIA AISYIYAH BANDUNG TULUNGAGUNG PENELITIAN PRE EXPERIMENTAL (POST TEST ONLY DESIGN STATIC-GROUP COMPARISON)

The main problem during active phase of labour is inadequate uterine contraction, onset of opening cervix. It takes longer length of time and no fetal descent. It occurs because mother's inpartu technique of pain control is false, so that it makes inpartu mother feel anxiety and afraid, and the pain gets worse. One technique of pain control is progressive relaxation technique. The objective of this study was to examined the effect of progressive relaxation technique on uterine contraction, cervical opening and fetal descent. The study was aimed to explain the effect of relaxation progressive technique to labor progression in primigravida inpartu mother. Design used in this study was static group comparison. The population were all primigravida inpartu mother who giving birth at maternal home Aisyiyah Bandung Tulungagung. The sample taken comprised of 12 primigravida inpartu mother who met the inclusion criteria. These primigravida inpartu mother were devided into six mother for group receiving progressive relaxation technique, and six mother for group control. The independent variable was progressive relaxation technique. The dependent variable were labor progressions, includeds uterine contraction, cervical effacement and cervical dilatation, and fetal descent. Data were analyzed by using independent t-test with level of significance of 0,05. Result showed that progressive relaxatation in prim igravida inpartu mother had effect to frequency of uterine contraction in the group of experiment increased after intervention post 1 (p = 0,022) post 2 (p = 0,002). Progressive relaxatation in primigravida inpartu mother had effect to duration of uterine contraction in the group of experimental increased after intervention post 1 (p = 0,036) post 2 (p = 0,001). The onset of cervical dilatation was expressed at a shorter length of time in the group of experiment than in the group of control (p = 0,003). The fetal descent was faster than that in group of control (p = 0,011). It can be concluded that progressive relaxation technique has effect on uterine contraction, cervical opening, and fetal descent. Further studies should involve larger respondents and prepare psychologic and physic mother before labour to know the effect of the progressive relaxation technique on antepartum and postpartum mother.
Variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during its course and its importance in surgical approaches: an experimental cadaveric study.

INTRODUCTION Injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve can cause a hoarse or weak voice due to the functional loss (dysergia) of the cricothyroid muscle. Defining the anatomical variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and estimating the frequency of it, it makes crucial for surgical interventions. AIM To reveal the topography of the external branch in the Anatolian population, to prevent injury of it during the surgical intervention in the anterior neck region. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six bilateral hemilarynges (4 females, 22 males) were dissected. The morphometric and morphological features of the external branch were examined. The obtained results were compared statistically left and right. RESULTS Landmarks such as the thyroid gland and laryngeal prominence were determined for the detection of the external branch. The variations of the course of the external branch and the points of piercing the cricothyroid muscle or inferior constrictor pharyngeal muscle were evaluated. DISCUSSION Although safe approaches have been described for nerve protection during neck surgeries, it can expose injuries during preliminary surgery approaches as the nerve is thinner and more superficial than other branches of the vagus nerve. However, it can be detected more easily and safely during the surgical approach by knowing the defined anatomical landmarks and morphological variations of the external branch. CONCLUSION The anatomical variations described can be a safe and important guide in surgical approaches to be applied in the anterior neck region.
Burden of autism spectrum disorders in North Africa and Middle East from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encompass a range of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect the patient's communication and behavior. There are some reports about the increasing prevalence of ASD in recent decades, mostly due to the improvement in diagnosis and screening status. Few studies suggested a lower prevalence of ASD in North Africa and Middle East compared to more developed regions. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive outlook of ASD in the region.
Efficacy and Safety of Tapencarium (RZL-012) in Submental Fat Reduction

Abstract Background Tapencarium (RZL-012) (5-(3.6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-N, N, N-trimethylpentan-1-aminium chloride) is a novel injectable synthetic molecule with cytolytic properties, capable of reducing subcutaneous fat volume. Objectives The goal of this 3-armed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b study was to determine the safety and efficacy of low- and high-dose RZL-012 vs placebo on submental fat (SMF) reduction. Methods Patients (n = 151, age 18-65 years) with excess SMF received a single treatment session of RZL-012 or placebo in the submental area, after which they were monitored for 84 days. SMF was assessed at baseline and after dosing with newly developed scales, namely the Clinician Chin Assessment Tool (C-CAT) and Subject Chin Assessment Tool (S-CAT). SMF was also assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at screening and on Day 84 after treatment. Results The proportion of patients who had a 1-grade or 2-grade improvement in C-CAT and/or S-CAT on Day 84 vs baseline was significantly higher in the high-dose RZL-012 group vs the placebo group (P < .002). The relative percentage reduction in MRI-measured SMF volume (Day 84 vs screening) was significantly greater in the high-dose RZL-012 group vs the low-dose RZL-012 or the placebo group (P < .0001). Local injection site reactions were the most common adverse events (AEs). Conclusions A single administration of RZL-012 into SMF resulted in significant improvement in submental appearance as assessed by clinicians, patients, and MRI. From a safety perspective, there were no serious AEs and no clinically significant changes in vital signs or laboratory tests over the course of the study. Level of Evidence: 1
Harmonic balance and the Hopf bifurcation

Summary A form of the Hopf bifurcation theorem specially suited to systems in block-diagram form has been developed, which allows one to deal with high or infinite order linear elements solely in terms of their transfer functions. The results are proved by the method of harmonic balance, and, for general non-linear systems, lead to criteria for the existence and stability of bifurcated orbits generalizing those derived by various authors for systems of ordinary differential equations. In the particular case of control loops with a single non-linearity, a simple addition to the Nyquist diagram of the loop determines the amplitude and frequency of bifurcated orbits, and whether they occur when the equilibrium is stable or unstable. The analysis is independent of the central manifold theorem, and of Floquet theory.
Low doses of glyphosate do not damage the secondary metabolism of common bean

Abstract Glyphosate application, even in low doses, changes the metabolism of crops. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of glyphosate low doses and sowing season on metabolic changes of early-cycle common beans. Two experiments were conducted in the field, one in the winter season and one in the wet season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design consisting of the application of glyphosate low doses [0.0, 1.8, 7.2, 12.0, 36.0, 54.0, and 108.0 g acid equivalent (a.e.) ha−1] in the phenological stage V4 with four replications. In the winter season, glyphosate and shikimic acid were increased five days after the application of treatments. In contrast, the same compounds increased only at doses of 36 g a.e. ha−1 and above in the wet season. The dose of 7.2 g a.e. ha−1 increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and benzoic acid in the winter season. The doses of 54 and 108 g a.e. ha−1 increased benzoic acid, caffeic acid, and salicylic acid. Our study indicated that glyphosate low doses increase the concentration of shikimic, benzoic, salicylic and caffeic acid, PAL and tyrosine. There was no reduction in aromatic amino acids and in secondary compounds from the shikimic acid pathway. Graphical abstract
Cholangiocytes express an isoform of soluble adenylyl cyclase that is N‐linked glycosylated and secreted in extracellular vesicles

Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC)‐derived cAMP regulates various cellular processes; however, the regulatory landscape mediating sAC protein levels remains underexplored. We consistently observed a 85 kD (sAC85) or 75 kD (sAC75) sAC protein band under glucose‐sufficient or glucose‐deprived states, respectively, in H69 cholangiocytes by immunoblotting. Deglycosylation by PNGase‐F demonstrated that both sAC75 and sAC85 are N‐linked glycosylated proteins with the same polypeptide backbone. Deglycosylation with Endo‐H further revealed that sAC75 and sAC85 carry distinct sugar chains. We observed release of N‐linked glycosylated sAC (sACEV) in extracellular vesicles under conditions that support intracellular sAC85 (glucose‐sufficient) as opposed to sAC75 (glucose‐deprived) conditions. Consistently, disrupting the vesicular machinery affects the maturation of intracellular sAC and inhibits the release of sACEV into extracellular vesicles. The intracellular turnover of sAC85 is extremely short (t1/2 ~30 min) and release of sACEV in the medium was detected within 3 h. Our observations support the maturation and trafficking in cholangiocytes of an N‐linked glycosylated sAC isoform that is rapidly released into extracellular vesicles.
Analytical expressions for the threshold of deep-penetration laser welding

Explicit analytical expressions are derived based on a simplified model as a convenient estimation of the requirements to reach the threshold of deep-penetration laser welding. For materials with high heat conductivity and low surface tension the simple formulas allow determining the material-dependent minimum power required for deep-penetration laser welding as a function of the diameter and the travel speed of the beam on the work piece surface. Within this area of application of the model the derived formulas agree well with experimental results.
Substrate DNA length regulates the activity of TET 5‐methylcytosine dioxygenases

The ten‐eleven translocation (TET) isoforms (TET1‐3) play critical roles in epigenetic transcription regulation. In addition, mutations in the TET2 gene are frequently detected in patients with glioma and myeloid malignancies. TET isoforms can oxidize 5‐methylcytosine to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine, 5‐formylcytosine, and 5‐carboxylcytosine, by iterative oxidation. The in vivo DNA demethylation activity of TET isoforms may depend on many factors including enzyme's structural features, its interaction with DNA‐binding proteins, chromatin context, DNA sequence, DNA length, and configuration. The rationale for this study is to identify the preferred DNA length and configuration in the substrates of TET isoforms. We have used a highly sensitive LC‐MS/MS‐based method to compare the substrate preference of TET isoforms. To this end, four DNA substrate sets (S1, S2, S3, S4) of different sequences were chosen. In addition, in each set, four different lengths of DNA substrates comprising 7‐, 13‐, 19‐, and 25‐mer nucleotides were synthesized. Each DNA substrate was further used in three different configurations, that is, double stranded symmetrically‐methylated, double stranded hemi‐methylated, and single stranded single‐methylated to evaluate their effect on TET‐mediated 5mC oxidation. We demonstrate that mouse TET1 (mTET1) and human TET2 (hTET2) have highest preference for 13‐mer dsDNA substrates. Increasing or decreasing the length of dsDNA substrate reduces product formation. In contrast to their dsDNA counterparts, the length of ssDNA substrates did not have a predictable effect on 5mC oxidation. Finally, we show that substrate specificity of TET isoforms correlates with their DNA binding efficiency. Our results demonstrate that mTET1 and hTET2 prefer 13‐mer dsDNA as a substrate over ssDNA. These results may help elucidate novel properties of TET‐mediated 5mC oxidation and help develop novel diagnostic tools to detect TET2 function in patients.