Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality in Young Adults Who Are Born Preterm

INTRODUCTION. Very preterm birth (VPT; <33 weeks' gestation) is associated with later neuromotor and cognitive impairment, reduced school performance, and psychiatric morbidity. Several follow-up studies have demonstrated increased anxiety and social rejection and reduced self-esteem in preterm children and adolescents, but few studies have examined the effects of preterm birth on adult personality. METHODS. We assessed 108 VPT individuals and 67 term-born controls at ages 18 to 19 years with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, short form (EPQ-RS). This questionnaire rates 3 dimensions of personality: extraversion (sociability, liveliness, sensation seeking); neuroticism (anxiety, low mood, low self-esteem); and psychoticism (coldness, aggression, predisposition to antisocial behavior). A fourth scale, “lie,” which measures dissimulation, is also derived. RESULTS. VPT individuals had significantly lower extraversion scores, higher neuroticism scores, and higher lie scores than term-born controls, after controlling for age at assessment and socioeconomic status. P scores were not significantly different between the 2 groups. There was a gender difference in that the increased neuroticism and decreased extraversion scores were accounted for mainly by VPT females. Associations between EPQ-RS scores and neonatal status, adolescent behavioral ratings, and body size at 18 to 19 years were assessed by using Kendall partial correlations, correcting for age at assessment and socioeconomic status. Gestational age, indices of neonatal hypoxia, and neonatal ultrasound ratings were not correlated with EPQ-RS scores. Birth weight was weakly associated with increased lie scores. Rutter Parents' Scale score, a measure of adolescent psychopathology, was associated with an increased neuroticism score. Poor social adjustment in adolescence was associated with an increased lie score. Height and weight at 18 to 19 years were not associated with EPQ-RS, but reduced occipitofrontal circumference was associated with both decreased extraversion and increased lie scores. CONCLUSIONS. Young adults who are born VPT have different personality styles from their term-born peers. This may be associated with an increased risk of psychiatric difficulties.
Comparison of neuronal spike exchange methods on a Blue Gene/P supercomputer

For neural network simulations on parallel machines, interprocessor spike communication can be a significant portion of the total simulation time. The performance of several spike exchange methods using a Blue Gene/P (BG/P) supercomputer has been tested with 8–128 K cores using randomly connected networks of up to 32 M cells with 1 k connections per cell and 4 M cells with 10 k connections per cell, i.e., on the order of 4·1010 connections (K is 1024, M is 10242, and k is 1000). The spike exchange methods used are the standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) collective, MPI_Allgather, and several variants of the non-blocking Multisend method either implemented via non-blocking MPI_Isend, or exploiting the possibility of very low overhead direct memory access (DMA) communication available on the BG/P. In all cases, the worst performing method was that using MPI_Isend due to the high overhead of initiating a spike communication. The two best performing methods—the persistent Multisend method using the Record-Replay feature of the Deep Computing Messaging Framework DCMF_Multicast; and a two-phase multisend in which a DCMF_Multicast is used to first send to a subset of phase one destination cores, which then pass it on to their subset of phase two destination cores—had similar performance with very low overhead for the initiation of spike communication. Departure from ideal scaling for the Multisend methods is almost completely due to load imbalance caused by the large variation in number of cells that fire on each processor in the interval between synchronization. Spike exchange time itself is negligible since transmission overlaps with computation and is handled by a DMA controller. We conclude that ideal performance scaling will be ultimately limited by imbalance between incoming processor spikes between synchronization intervals. Thus, counterintuitively, maximization of load balance requires that the distribution of cells on processors should not reflect neural net architecture but be randomly distributed so that sets of cells which are burst firing together should be on different processors with their targets on as large a set of processors as possible.
Communautaire: Journal of Community Service

This activity aims to facilitate the design of learning media based on Virtual Reality (VR) for educators to be able to present innovative learning in the classroom. The method used in this mentoring activity consists of four stages: Asset Based Community Development called "ABCD". The mentoring training went smoothly even though only 44 participants out of 184 registered. After the participants participated in the mentoring activities, they could conclude that they already had the knowledge and understanding of the suitability of devices that could be used in VR. In addition, participants succeeded in making VR scenes according to the subjects taught in class and tried to implement them for students. Thus, the learning process carried out by participants can continue to experience novelty and innovation.
Efﬁcient Lifting for Online Probabilistic Inference

Lifting can greatly reduce the cost of inference on ﬁrst-order probabilistic graphical models, but constructing the lifted network can itself be quite costly. In online applications (e.g., video segmentation) repeatedly constructing the lifted network for each new inference can be extremely wasteful, because the evidence typically changes little from one inference to the next. The same is true in many other problems that require repeated inference, like utility maximization, MAP inference, interactive inference, parameter and structure learning, etc. In this paper, we propose an efﬁcient algorithm for updating the structure of an existing lifted network with incremental changes to the evidence. This allows us to construct the lifted network once for the initial inference problem, and amortize the cost over the subsequent problems. Experiments on video segmentation and viral marketing problems show that the algorithm greatly reduces the cost of inference without affecting the quality of the solutions.
Granger-Causal Hierarchical Skill Discovery

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated promising results in learning policies for complex tasks, but it often suffers from low sample efficiency and limited transferability. Hierarchical RL (HRL) methods aim to address the difficulty of learning long-horizon tasks by decomposing policies into skills, abstracting states, and reusing skills in new tasks. However, many HRL methods require some initial task success to discover useful skills, which paradoxically may be very unlikely without access to useful skills. On the other hand, reward-free HRL methods often need to learn far too many skills to achieve proper coverage in high-dimensional domains. In contrast, we introduce the Chain of Interaction Skills (COInS) algorithm, which focuses on controllability in factored domains to identify a small number of task-agnostic skills that still permit a high degree of control. COInS uses learned detectors to identify interactions between state factors and then trains a chain of skills to control each of these factors successively. We evaluate COInS on a robotic pushing task with obstacles-a challenging domain where other RL and HRL methods fall short. We also demonstrate the transferability of skills learned by COInS, using variants of Breakout, a common RL benchmark, and show 2-3x improvement in both sample efficiency and final performance compared to standard RL baselines.
Conceptual Design of an Air-Launched Three-Staged Orbital Launch Vehicle

—The objective of this study was to design a launch vehicle capable of deploying a nanosatellite into a Sun-synchronous orbit at 500 km orbital altitude from the JAS 39E/F Gripen ﬁghter aircraft. This was achieved by ﬁrst performing theoretical calculations for the required nozzles and solid propellant grain conﬁgurations for the ﬁrst two solid stages, followed by the necessary liquid propellant conﬁguration for the third stage. Lastly, two methods were investigated in solving the trajectory ascent problem for the launch vehicle design. First, by stating the trajectory problem as an initial value problem while guessing a Sigmoidal steering law. Secondly, by stating the trajectory problem as a boundary value problem. The latter was solved by transcribing the trajectory problem into a nonlinear program where a parametric steering law was derived using a Sequential quadratic programming algorithm. Ultimately, resulting in a launch vehicle design with a gross lift-off mass of 1,289 kg, capable of launching an 8.4 kg payload into the targeted orbit, with suggested modiﬁcations to increase the possible payload mass to 12.9 kg.
ON INDUSTRIAL SILICON HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS

: Within this work, the influence of infrared (IR) light on bifacial n -type silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells is investigated, with the focus on the industrial IR soldering process. The EL images and I-V parameters of industrial SHJ cells are compared before and after treatment with IR light. The temperature-time-profile of this thermal treatment is varied according to established soldering profiles used in silicon photovoltaics, reaching peak temperatures above 200 °C. As a result, a reliable process window for the interconnection process of SHJ solar cells is identified (max. 250 °C, max. 6 s), where thermal degradation is avoided and even slight improvements of the cell performance are observed (Δ V oc = +1.9 mV, Δ FF = +0.3 %, Δ η = +0.1 %). Overall, these investigations demonstrate the feasibility of the established IR soldering process for SHJ solar cells during module integration and therefore extend the range of usable process options for a broad deployment of SHJ modules.
A Comparative Study of Modern Inference Techniques for Discrete Energy Minimization Problems

Even years ago, Szeliski et al. published an influential study on energy minimization methods for Markov random fields (MRF). This study provided valuable insights in choosing the best optimization technique for certain classes of problems. While these insights remain generally useful today, the phenominal success of random field models means that the kinds of inference problems we solve have changed significantly. Specifically, the models today often include higher order interactions, flexible connectivity structures, large label-spaces of different cardinalities, or learned energy tables. To reflect these changes, we provide a modernized and enlarged study. We present an empirical comparison of 24 state-of-art techniques on a corpus of 2,300 energy minimization instances from 20 diverse computer vision applications. To ensure reproducibility, we evaluate all methods in the OpenGM2 framework and report extensive results regarding runtime and solution quality. Key insights from our study agree with the results of Szeliski et al. for the types of models they studied. However, on new and challenging types of models our findings disagree and suggest that polyhedral methods and integer programming solvers are competitive in terms of runtime and solution quality over a large range of model types.
System of

Although computer automated or semi-automated electron microprobe analyzers have recent ly been common, personal programs for personal computers are useful for special treatment in EPMA data reduction. They are of course necessary for non-automated ones. Some programs are tested by sample calculations. If difference of atomic number of constituent elements is not large, the results agree well each other. Use of AsK{3 and PbL{3 lines instead of AsLa and PbMa gave better results for minerals containing As and Pb as main constituents. Programs originally written in BASIC for NEC-type computers were translated into GWBASIC and BASICA under MS-DOS, both for IBM-type ones.
Ab initio study of the structure and dynamical properties of crystalline ice

We investigated the structural and dynamical properties of a tetrahedrally coordinated crystalline ice from first principles based on density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation with the projected augmented wave method. First, we report the structural behaviour of ice at finite temperatures based on the analysis of radial distribution functions obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show how the ordering of the hydrogen bonding breaks down in the tetrahedral network of ice with entropy increase, in agreement with the neutron diffraction data. We also calculated the phonon spectra of ice in a 3× 1× 1 supercell using the direct method. So far, due to the direct method used in this calculation, the phonon spectra are obtained without taking into account the effect of polarization arising from dipole–dipole interactions of water molecules, which is expected to yield the splitting of longitudinal and transverse optic modes at the Γ point. The calculated longitudinal acoustic velocities from the initial slopes of the acoustic mode are in reasonable agreement with the neutron scattering data. Analysis of the vibrational density of states shows the existence of a boson peak at low energy of the translational region, a characteristic common to amorphous systems.
Low-complexity generalized layered space-time MIMO detection

Group layered space-time codes can attain a better tradeoff between data rate and diversity gain. In this paper, we propose two generalized detection algorithms for GLST. Firstly, we present a non-ordering linear detection with an extended Gaussian elimination algorithm. Then an ordered successive detection algorithm is derived. These algorithms can reduce computational complexity, as low as O(Nt2Nr) per symbol interval, by using the characteristics of the channel matrix. Nt and Nr are the number of transmitter and receiver antennas, respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed detectors can achieve low-complexity and better performance over linear MMSE ones
ANNALES DE L’INSTITUT FOURIER

— We study the transience of algebraic varieties in linear groups. In particular, we show that a “non elementary” random walk in SL 2 ( R ) escapes exponentially fast from every proper algebraic subvariety. We also treat the case where the random walk takes place in the real points of a semisimple split algebraic group and show such a result for a wide family of random walks. As an application, we prove that generic subgroups (in some sense) of linear groups are Zariski dense.
Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Benzimidazole‐Based Medicinal Chemistry

The properties of benzimidazole and its derivatives have been studied over more than one hundred years. Benzimidazole derivatives are useful intermediates/subunits for the development of molecules of pharmaceutical or biological interest. Substituted benzimidazole derivatives have found applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as antiulcer, anticancer agents, and anthelmintic species to name just a few. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of benzimidazole‐based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic agents, anti‐HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial agents, and other medicinal agents. This review will further be helpful for the researcher on the basis of substitution pattern around the nucleus with an aim to help medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on benzimidazole drugs/compounds.
ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN ENERGI DARI PENGOLAHAN METODE LANDFIIL DI TPA MUARA FAJAR PEKANBARU

Energi terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan sangat banyak ditemui dan berasal dari proses alam yang berkelanjutan, seperti sinar matahari, angin, air, biofuel, dan geothermal. Tetapi hal tersebut belum dimanfaatkan maksimal. Salah satu energi tersebut berasal dari sampah, pemanfaatan sampah kota menjadi sumber energi dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan beberapa teknologi diantaranya adalah dengan metode Landfill. Pada Metode landfill ini sampah ditumpuk dan ditutupi sehingga menghasilkan gas metan. Gas inilah yang digunakan untuk membangkitkan energi listrik. Dari hasil Analisis penelitian ini Kota Pekanbaru sangat berpotensi dalam memanfaatkan sampah kota menjadi energi listrik. Dengan potensi sampah setiap harinya yang masuk ke Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah, akan mengalami proses anaerob dalam beberapa lama. Analisis penelitian ini dibantu dengan safware Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGem) yang dapat memperkirakan gas metan yang dihasilkan dari total sampah yang masuk k TPA. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan metode metode landfill pada tahun 2017 adalah 6.806 kWh, gas metan yang dihasilkan diperoleh dengan Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM ).
Seasonal photosynthetic activity in evergreen conifer leaves monitored with spectral reflectance

Annual trends of the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and pigment content in evergreen conifer leaves were monitored over two years from 2011 to 2013. During the second year, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange were included to examine the spring recovery of photosynthesis. All the metrics indicated large seasonal changes in photosynthetic activity, with a sharp transition in the spring and a more gradual transition in the autumn. The PRI was primarily driven by changes in carotenoid:chlorophyll pigment levels (constitutive processes) that correlated with seasonal photosynthetic activity, with a much smaller variation caused by diurnal changes in xanthophyll cycle activity (facultative processes). Additionally, a previously unrecognized shift in spectral reflectance also affected the PRI under deep cold temperatures. Together, these findings indicate that evergreen conifers photosynthetic system possesses a remarkable degree of resilience in response to large temperature changes across seasons, and that optical remote sensing can be used to observe the seasonal effects on photosynthesis and productivity. Acknowledgments This work was supported by funding from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Alberta Innovates (iCORE) and Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI). I would like to express thanks to my supervisor Dr. John A. Gamon for providing me with this opportunity and the invaluable knowledge, guidance and patience he provided. Thank you to Dr. David S. Hik for participating on my committee and providing the idea for examining the spring recovery kinetics. Thank you to Dr. Rolf D. Vinebrooke for participating on my committee and Dr. Tom Chacko in his role as chair of my Master’s thesis defense. I would also like to thank Dr. Alexander P. Wolfe for his initial position on my committee. Thanks to Steve Williams for his knowledge and assistance on plant care, Dr. Keith Tierney and his research group for generous usage of laboratory equipment and storage space, Laura Junker and Dr. Ingo Ensminger for their help in the pigment analysis, Saulo Castro and Morgan Randall for initially setting up the plants, and Olga Kovalchuk for her assistance with summer work.
TIGRA: A targeted iterative graph routing assembler for breakpoint assembly

Recent progress in next-generation sequencing has greatly facilitated our study of genomic structural variation. Unlike single nucleotide variants and small indels, many structural variants have not been completely characterized at nucleotide resolution. Deriving the complete sequences underlying such breakpoints is crucial for not only accurate discovery, but also for the functional characterization of altered alleles. However, our current ability to determine such breakpoint sequences is limited because of challenges in aligning and assembling short reads. To address this issue, we developed a targeted iterative graph routing assembler, TIGRA, which implements a set of novel data analysis routines to achieve effective breakpoint assembly from next-generation sequencing data. In our assessment using data from the 1000 Genomes Project, TIGRA was able to accurately assemble the majority of deletion and mobile element insertion breakpoints, with a substantively better success rate and accuracy than other algorithms. TIGRA has been applied in the 1000 Genomes Project and other projects and is freely available for academic use.
Changes in Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Parkinson Disease with Dementia After Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy

We investigated changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) therapy in patients with Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) to determine whether cognitive improvements would be reflected in changes of cerebral metabolic patterns, thus offering insight into the neural substrate of cognitive dysfunction in patients with PDD. Methods: We performed a serial PET study before (baseline) and after ChEI therapy on 10 patients with PDD, using statistical parametric mapping. Additionally, covariance analysis was performed to extract regions in which increased change in regional cerebral metabolism correlated significantly with increased Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Results: The statistical parametric mapping analysis indicated that significantly increased cerebral metabolism after ChEI therapy, compared with at baseline, was most evident in the left angular gyrus extending to the supramarginal area and left superior and middle frontal gyri. Additionally, cerebral metabolism was significantly increased in the right superior frontal and left middle orbitofrontal gyri. In contrast, the right fusiform gyrus showed significantly decreased metabolism after ChEI, compared with at baseline. In the correlation analysis, improvements in Mini-Mental State Examination scores after ChEI treatment were significantly associated with increased cerebral metabolism in the left supramarginal, orbitofrontal, and cingulate areas. Conclusion: Our data suggest that prefrontal and parietal association areas may be relevant structures for the pharmacologic response to ChEI in patients with PDD.
Best practices assessment to guide curricular change in a bachelor of pharmacy program.

OBJECTIVES To identify best practices in global pharmacy education and curriculum design as the basis for decisions about major curriculum change in an existing 4-year bachelor of pharmacy curriculum. DESIGN We investigated international best-practice standards, conducted semi-structured interviews with faculty members, and used standardized instruments to investigate student perceptions of the existing curriculum and how they approached their learning. ASSESSMENT Faculty recommendations included horizontal and vertical integration of curriculum content to replace the previous discipline-based approach; and a theme-based structure underpinned by a detailed statement of learning outcomes that describe the knowledge, skills, and attitudinal milestones to be achieved each year and by the time of graduation. The triangulation of student survey data highlighted issues that needed to be addressed at the individual course unit level, with a particular focus on feedback, assessment, and workload. CONCLUSIONS The results of the curriculum review provided clear guidance for decisions relating to major curriculum change. An ongoing program of staff development will address the wide range of learning and teaching issues identified by both staff members and students. The results of our investigation of students' approaches to learning will also be used to guide staff development workshops, focusing on strategies to promote "meaningful learning. "