Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NEW INFORMATION ON THE CRANIAL ANATOMY OF EDMONTONIA RUGOSIDENS GILMORE, A LATE CRETACEOUS NODOSAURID DINOSAUR FROM DINOSAUR PROVINCIAL PARK, ALBERTA

The Late Cretaceous (Campanian) sediments of Dinosaur Provincial Park (DPP), Alberta, are amongst the richest sources of dinosaurian fossils known. Although famous for its remarkable diversity of theropods (at least 19 species, including birds: Currie, 2005), hadrosaurids (eight species), and ceratopsids (at least six species) (Ryan and Evans, 2005), DPP is also distinctive for its assemblage of ankylosaurs. Unique to this locality are three sympatric ankylosaur species representing deeply nested members of both major ankylosaur clades, including the ankylosaurid Euoplocephalus tutus and the nodosaurids Panoplosaurus mirus and Edmontonia rugosidens (Carpenter, 1990; Vickaryous et al., 2004). E. rugosidens is the best represented of the nodosaurids, and is currently known from at least seven skulls collected from DPP since 1915. The type of E. rugosidens, and one of the few skulls of this taxon known from outside DPP, was collected from similarly aged (Campanian) sediments of the Two Medicine Formation, Montana (Carpenter, 1990; Rogers et al., 1993; Eberth, 2005). This paper focuses on aspects of E. rugosidens cranial anatomy not previously discussed in detail or generally acknowledged, drawn primarily from three DPP collected crania: TMP 98.98. 01, TMP 2000.12. 158, and AMNH 5381. Detailed inspection of these skulls, combined with evidence from computed tomography (CT) scanning of AMNH 5381, provides important new details on the architecture of the osseous secondary palate (OSP) and reveals a feature previously undescribed among nodosaurids: paranasal sinus cavities. Institutional Abbreviations—AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York; NMC, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario (formerly the National Museum of Canada); TMP, Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, Alberta. Other Abbreviations—CT, computed tomography; DPP, Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta; OSP, osseous secondary palate.
Moment release in the Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany: seismological perspective of the deformation process

SUMMARY An important task of seismic hazard assessment consists of estimating the rate of seismic moment release which is correlated to the rate of tectonic deformation and the seismic coupling. However, the estimations of deformation depend on the type of information utilized (e.g. geodetic, geological, seismic) and include large uncertainties. We therefore estimate the deformation rate in the Lower Rhine Embayment (LRE), Germany, using an integrated approach where the uncertainties have been systematically incorporated. On the basis of a new homogeneous earthquake catalogue we initially determine the frequency–magnitude distribution by statistical methods. In particular, we focus on an adequate estimation of the upper bound of the Gutenberg–Richter relation and demonstrate the importance of additional palaeoseismological information. The integration of seismological and geological information yields a probability distribution of the upper bound magnitude. Using this distribution together with the distribution of Gutenberg–Richter a and b values, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to derive the seismic moment release as a function of the observation time. The seismic moment release estimated from synthetic earthquake catalogues with short catalogue length is found to systematically underestimate the long-term moment rate which can be analytically determined. The moment release recorded in the LRE over the last 250 yr is found to be in good agreement with the probability distribution resulting from the Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, the long-term distribution is within its uncertainties consistent with the moment rate derived by geological measurements, indicating an almost complete seismic coupling in this region. By means of Kostrov's formula, we additionally calculate the full deformation rate tensor using the distribution of known focal mechanisms in LRE. Finally, we use the same approach to calculate the seismic moment and the deformation rate for two subsets of the catalogue corresponding to the east- and west-dipping faults, respectively.
Seismicity preceding moderate earthquakes in California

Regional seismicity data have been examined to determine the nature of seismicity in the years preceding these moderate earthquakes in California: 1952 Kern County (M = 7.7), 1963 Watsonville (M = 5.4), 1964 and 1967 Corralitos (M = 5.0, 5.3), 1966 Parkfield-Cholame (M= 5.1, 5.5), 1968 Borrego Mountain (M = 6.4), 1969 Santa Rosa (M = 5.6, 5.7), and 1971 San Fernando (M = 6.4). In each instance the moderate earthquakes occurred in areas characterized by a relatively high level of small earthquake activity. In most cases the preceding activity in the area immediately surrounding the epicenter was high relative to other segments of the same fault zone or other nearby fault zones that, on the basis of geologic criteria, would be considered equally likely locations for moderate earthquakes. Detailed observations for a moderate earthquake that occurred in 1972 near Bear Valley (M = 5.0), where seismograph station coverage is adequate to obtain reliable focal depths for small earthquakes, indicate that concentrations of small earthquakes were present in the immediate hypocentral region in the months before the earthquake. The regional observations have potential applications for the analysis of seismic risk in that fault zones or segments of fault zones characterized by a relatively large number of small earthquakes seem more likely to sustain moderate earthquakes than do adjacent fault zones or fault segments with equivalent geologic evidence for recency of movement. The detailed observations provide a potential tool for mapping stress concentrations or areas of anomalously low strength along the parts of fault zones capable of seismic slip.
RIVER-BED DEGRADATION WITH ARMORING

混合砂礫河床 において は, 河床砂礫 が流水 による分級 作用 を うけてその粒 度構成 に変化 をきたすが, それ に応 じて限界掃流 力や流 砂量が変化す るので均 一砂礫河床 と は異な った変動特性 を示す場 合が ある。 ダ ム築造後下流 の河床砂礫 の粒 度が次第に粗 くなる armoring 現象 はそ の典型的 な例 であ る。 したが って, 将来 の河床変動 を予 知す るた めには, 同時に将来の河床砂礫 の粒 度分布 を予 測す ることが必要 であ り, この問題 は河川 工学 にお ける 重 要な研究課題 の一 つであ ると考 え られ る。 ダ ム下流 の armoring 現 象につい ては以前 か ら注 目さ れ てお り, 現地河川 におけ る実測や水路実験 に よる研究 が な さ れ て き た。 た とえば, Garde お よび Hasan 1) (1967) は水路実験 と San Louis canals の資料 か ら最終 状態 にお ける armor coat の代表粒径 を初期河床 材料の 標 準偏 差 (√d84/d16) か ら求 め る経 験的 な方法 を提 案 し てい る。 また, ダム下流 の河床 低下計算 に armoring の 効果 を導入 す る 最初 の試み は, 河 村 お よ び Simons 2) (1967) に よりな され ている。 しか し, これ らの研 究 に おいては粒 度分布 につ いての考 察はな され ていない。 最 近, Gessler3) (1970) は河床低 下 を河床が ほぼ平行 に 低 下 して掃流 力が 時 間的に 変化 しな い parallel degradation と河床勾 配が変化 して掃流力 が 次 第 に 減 少 す る rotational degradation の 2 つの形 態に分 け, 前 者の領
Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Limits on Far-Ultraviolet Emission from Warm Gas in Clusters of Galaxies

We have obtained far-ultraviolet spectra of two clusters of galaxies with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. The Coma Cluster was observed for a total of 28.6 ks, the Virgo Cluster for 10.9 ks. Neither spectrum shows significant O VI λλ1032, 1038 emission at the cluster redshift. Such emission would be expected from the warm [(5-10) × 105 K] component of the intracluster medium that has been proposed to explain the excess EUV and soft X-ray flux present in EUVE and ROSAT observations of these clusters. Our 2 σ upper limits on the O VI λ1032 flux from Coma and Virgo exclude all published warm gas models of the EUV excess in these clusters.
Geochemistry and Significance of Mafic Dyke Swarms in the Pozantı-Karsantı Ophiolite (Southern Turkey)

The Pozanti-Karsanti ophiolite, which is one of a number of the Late Cretaceous oceanic lithospheric remnants in southern Turkey, is situated in the eastern Tauride belt and consists of three distinct thrust sheets: an ophiolitic melange, a metamorphic sole, and an ophiolitic stratigraphic sequence. These units (except the ophiolitic melange) are intruded by isolated microgabbro-diabase dykes at all structural levels. The dykes from the lower crustal rocks (cumulates) are subalkaline in character and chemically similar to island arc tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites. They are enriched in some LIL elements (Rb, Ba, K and Sr) and depleted in HFS elements (Nb, Ti, Y) relative to N-MORB. The presence of positive Th and LIL anomalies and a negative Nb anomaly, relative to the other incompatible elements, are thought to represent a subduction zone component. Tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams based on the immobile trace elements suggest a suprasubduction zone environment for the origin of the mafic dyke swarms. All the evidence indicates that the mafic dykes from the lower crustal rocks (cumulates) in the Pozanti-Karsanti ophiolite formed in the same geodynamic environment (suprasubduction zone) as their host rocks did in the north of Tauride-Anatolide block during Late Cretaceous in the Neo-Tethyan ocean.
Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness Among US Veterans

Introduction Understanding the prevalence of and risk for homelessness among veterans is prerequisite to preventing and ending homelessness among this population. Homeless veterans are at higher risk for chronic disease; understanding the dynamics of homelessness among veterans can contribute to our understanding of their health needs. Methods We obtained data on demographic characteristics and veteran status for 130,554 homeless people from 7 jurisdictions that provide homelessness services, and for the population living in poverty and the general population from the American Community Survey for those same jurisdictions. We calculated prevalence of veterans in the homeless, poverty, and general populations, and risk ratios (RR) for veteran status in these populations. Risk for homelessness, as a function of demographic characteristics and veteran status, was estimated by using multivariate regression models. Results Veterans were overrepresented in the homeless population, compared with both the general and poverty populations, among both men (RR, 1.3 and 2.1, respectively) and women (RR, 2.1 and 3.0, respectively). Veteran status and black race significantly increased the risk for homelessness for both men and women. Men in the 45- to 54-year-old age group and women in the 18- to 29-year-old age group were at higher risk compared with other ages. Conclusion Our findings confirm previous research associating veteran status with higher risk for homelessness and imply that there will be specific health needs among the aging homeless population. This study is a basis for understanding variation in rates of, and risks for, homelessness in general population groups, and inclusion of health data from US Department of Veterans Affairs records can extend these results to identifying links between homelessness and health risks.
Simulated rainfall evaluation of revegetation/mulch erosion control in the Lake Tahoe basin—3: soil treatment effects

Revegetation, or other erosion control treatments of disturbed soil slopes in forested areas and along highways of the Lake Tahoe basin are directed at reduction of sediment loading to waterways reaching the lake. However, following treatment, little vegetation monitoring, or hydrologic evaluation has been conducted either to determine if the various treatments are successful or to assess the duration of erosion control anticipated in the field. Here, we build upon results from use of the portable rainfall simulator (RS) described in the first two papers of this series to evaluate cover and revegetation treatment effects on runoff rates and sediment concentrations and yields from disturbed granitic and volcanic soils in the basin. The effects of slope on rainfall runoff, infiltration and erosion rates were determined at several revegetated road cut and ski run sites. Rainfall simulation (∼60 mm h−1, approximating a 100‐year, 15‐minute storm) had a mean drop size of ∼2·1 mm and approximately 70 per cent of ‘natural’ rainfall kinetic energy. Measurements of: time to runoff; infiltration; runoff amount; sediment yield; and average sediment concentration were obtained. Runoff sediment concentrations and yields from sparsely covered volcanic and bare granitic soils can be correlated to slope. Sediment concentrations and yields from nearly bare volcanic soils exceeded those from granitic soils by an order of magnitude across slopes ranging from 30–70 per cent. Revegetation, or application of pine‐needle mulch covers to both soil types dramatically decreased sediment concentrations and yields. Incorporation of woodchips or soil rehabilitation that includes tillage, use of amendments (biosol, compost) and mulch covers together with plant seeding resulted in little or no runoff or sediment yield from both soils. Repeated measurements of sediment concentrations and yields in the subsequent two years following woodchip or soil rehabilitation treatments continued to result in little or no runoff. Revegetation treatments involving only use of grasses to cover the soils were largely ineffective due to sparse sustainable coverage (< 35 per cent) and inadequate infiltration rates. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Densities, habitat-use, and mesopredator release of the ocelot in Belize

To manage and protect an intact neotropical carnivore guild it is necessary to understand the relative importance of habitat selection and of intraguild competition to the ecology of individual species. This study examines the habitat-use of ocelots with respect to the activities of jaguars and pumas in the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve, Belize. For these carnivores, I calculated species-specific trap success from 47 camera stations spaced across the 139 km study site (i.e. MCP surrounding camera stations). I also calculated trap success rates for humans, prey, and other small carnivores. I manually sampled habitat surrounding each camera station to determine canopy cover and height, understory thickness, understory heterogeneity, and tree density. Additionally, I used GIS to retrieve data including the distances to a nearby human settlement and to the neighboring broadleaf forest. I extracted GIS habitat data from 200 and 500 m circular buffers around each trapping site on the length of rivers, roads, and percentage of damaged area due to seasonal fires. Ocelot activity was positively related to roads, but contrary to previous studies was unrelated to other habitat features including canopy and understory characteristics. Ocelot presence was positively associated with jaguar activity but ocelot trap success showed no relation to puma trap success. There were few habitat differences among stations where these felids occurred simultaneously, individually, or were mutually absent. Model selection via AIC revealed that jaguar trap success, plus road and river length, were the strongest predictors of ocelot presence. Results may imply a strong influence of predators on each other and that mesopredator release operates on multiple levels within this carnivore guild. Introduction Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), like other neotropical felids, are secretive, difficult to study, and threatened by habitat loss. To ensure the conservation of the ocelot across its range we must understand not only the basic habitat requirements of this species, but also the interplay between ocelot ecology and the activity of coexisting large carnivores. While ocelots have a wide geographic range, they have specific microhabitat requirements (Emmons 1988). Multiple studies have shown that ocelots select areas with dense understories and thick canopies whether
Continental Shelf Baroclinic Instability. Part I: Relaxation from Upwelling or Downwelling

AbstractThere exists a good deal of indirect evidence, from several locations around the world, that there is a substantial eddy field over continental shelves. These eddies appear to have typical swirl velocities of a few centimeters per second and have horizontal scales of perhaps 5–10 km. These eddies are weak compared to typical, wind-driven, alongshore flows but often seem to dominate middepth cross-shelf flows. The idea that motivates the present contribution is that the alongshore wind stress ultimately energizes these eddies by means of baroclinic instabilities, even in cases where obvious intense fronts do not exist. The proposed sequence is that alongshore winds over a stratified ocean cause upwelling or downwelling, and the resulting horizontal density gradients are strong enough to fuel baroclinic instabilities of the requisite energy levels. This idea is explored here by means of a sequence of idealized primitive equation numerical model studies, each driven by a modest, nearly steady, alongs.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder : Rethinking What We Know

Surprisingly, to the eyes of many experts, the draft of DSM‐5 better captures the essence of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) than previous versions did. Many clinicians (myself included) were dissatisfied with the descriptions of NPD in earlier versions of DSM. Persons with NPD are aggressive and boastful, overrate their performance, and blame others for their setbacks; current editions of DSM portray them as arrogant, entitled, exploitative, embedded in fantasies of grandeur, self‐centered, and charming but emotionally unavailable. This portrayal of persons with NPD conveys only a minimal sense of their self‐experience and misses their complexity.
Piloting ART in South Africa: The role of partnerships in the Western Cape's provincial roll-out

In 1999, the provincial government of the Western Cape entered into a partnership with Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) to provide HIV treatment through public health clinics in the peri-urban settlement of Khayelitsha. From 2000 onwards, this partnership ran South Africa’s first antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme. Due to the province’s limited experience in 1999 in implementing and monitoring an ART programme, and the National Health Department’s opposition to the public provision of ART, this partnership was instrumental in piloting and later scaling-up the Western Cape’s ART programme. The partnership demonstrated that ART programmes could be implemented successfully within resource-constrained settings, with high levels of adherence, low rates of loss to follow up, and excellent health outcomes. Its components and strategies are therefore of vital significance to the roll-out and maintenance of ART programmes in various contexts across the developing world. Based on information gathered through interviews with key players, this article examines the factors that facilitated the public provision of ART in the Western Cape. With a focus on Khayelitsha, it explores the partnerships that were established between the provincial government, civil society organisations, research institutes and service providers to support and expedite the public provision of ART.
Modeling Ocean Tides and Their Energetics in the North Patagonia Gulfs of Argentina

Abstract During the last decade, global tidal models have spectacularly improved. However, they still have difficulties in resolving tides over continental shelves and near coastlines. This study of tidal propagation from the continental shelf to the North Patagonia Gulfs of Argentina applies a set of three nested high resolution models based on the Hamburg shelf ocean model (HamSOM), where particular attention was paid to the bathymetry and the coast line. The study is complemented by the use of all the tidal gauge and tidal current observations available. Simulations display good agreement with observations, permitting the construction of higher resolution and more reliable cotidal and corange charts. The tidal regime in the area is essentially semidiurnal and dominated by M2. This constituent propagates northward as a Kelvin wave and reaches the gulfs from the south. In their interior an important amplification is observed. Tidal currents are large at the mouths of the gulfs, and weaken toward their interior. The nonlinear transfer of energy from the semidiurnal to higher order harmonics was analyzed. This can be very important in the interior of the gulfs, particularly in Nuevo Gulf and in the northwestern San Matías Gulf, close to San Antonio. Energy flux and energy dissipation by bottom friction has been computed and indicate that this region dissipates 17% of the total energy dissipated on the Patagonian Shelf which, in turn, is one of the most dissipative areas of the world ocean. The Simpson-Hunter parameter computed from the simulations shows that in the mouth of the gulfs, particularly in San Matías and east of the Península de Valdés, the tides are energetic enough to overcome stratification and produce tidal fronts. The locations where tidal fronts are located are highly consistent with results from sea surface temperature and primary productivity data analyzed by other authors.
Agronomic and quality traits of winter barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) under growing conditions in the Republic of Croatia

This paper presents an investigation of the agronomic and quality traits of the barley varieties, their stability and adaptability and specific reactions towards growing conditions in the Republic of Croatia. During four year trials on localities in Tovarnik, Nova Gradiska, Pozega and Osijek we conducted research of 14 winter barley varieties. Interaction effect variety*environment has been explored together with estimation of significant parameters of stability towards grain yield, hectoliter weight, protein and starch content, and with usage of cluster analysis it was possible to group varieties considering genotype x environment interaction (GEI). Impact of year, location and variety to grain yield, hectoliter grain weight, protein and starch content has been estimated by analysis of variance. There was no significant difference between two different sowing rates (300 and 450 grains/m2) for grain yield, hectoliter weight and protein content. There also was no significant interaction of variety*sowing rate for all researched parameters. Parameters of stability and achieved grain yield show that under favorable growing conditions one can expect better results of varieties Trenk and Princ with lower stability and variety Barun with higher stability of grain yield. Stability parameters point out varieties Vanessa, Plaisant, Favorit and Zlatko to have auspicious reaction to grain yield under extensive cultivation conditions but with significantly different levels of grain yield achieved. Cluster analysis for grain yield on highest clustering similarity level displays five variety groups and variety Princ which does not show tendency to group with none of the other varieties. The first group is made by varieties Barun, Zlatko and Rex. The second one consists of varieties Prometej and Gvozd with Bingo and Sladoran. Tiffany and Vanessa make special, somewhat detached group of varieties which tend to group together with varieties Favorit Trenk, Plaisant and Lord but on the lower grouping levels.
Effect of Ridge Tillage on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Rice under Different Type of Paddy Field

In order to increase the yield of rice in high yielding,medium yielding and lowyielding paddy field,ridge tillage was applied in test.The results showed that ridge tillage influenced the economic traits and yield of rice.Ridge tillage not only can improve the cultivation method in leanness field,but also can enhance the productivity of rice.It obviously increased the yield and benefits,the yield of rice in general paddy field increased by 10% ~15%,the yield of rice in leanness field increased by25%~40%,the net benefits increased by 1800-5600yuan/hm2.