Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Resveratrol and Piceid Vary with Genotypes and Environmental Locations in Polygonum cuspidatum

A modified HPLC method for resveratrol determination for rapid screening of phenotypes of seedling population was developed for the Taiwan native Polygonum cuspidatum. The resveratrol concentration was 3.89 ± 1.03 mg.g−1 of the rhizome dry weight. In in vitro culturing of 11 acclimatized lines of genotype-dependent plants, which were replanted in the original location, only three genotypes showed a distant resemblance to regenerated lines and native plants. The genotype 051111 line in in vitro plants showed high resveratrol expression grown under acclimatized conditions and original locations. Resveratrol and its glucoside-piceid revealed mutual transformation depending on the growth climates.
Intraday Drifts

Equity prices often reverse themselves immediately following large price drops within the same day, but drifting farther upward after large price increases. The significant positive returns (reversals or drifts) do not appear to be quote-driven or an artifact of specialists' market-making behavior, nor can they be explained by an increase in the rise of the stocks. Additionally, the fact that trading lessens significantly after initial large price changes is inconsistent with the increased trading triggered by technical rules. The evidence in this article indicates that investors require a risk premium for the uncertainty of new information arrival. Stocks typically associated with poor quality of information (such as value stocks, low-priced stocks, small stocks, trending stocks, and volatile stocks) exhibit a stronger tendency to produce successive positive returns after an initial price shock.
Genetic variation of the resin top fungus in Finland as determined by random amplified microsatellites (RAMS).

Summary The analysis of random amplified microsatellite (RAMS) markers among aecia of the causal agent of the resin top disease (Peridermium pini) on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) suggested that the genetic variation between the populations of this rust fungus is low in Finland. The method used allowed the identification of heterozygotic aecia in two loci, where the degree of heterozygosity was, however, low. The RAMS patterns of the Finnish aeciospores, other aeciospores from Thetford, UK and Cronartium flaccidum from Italy were highly similar suggesting that the autoecious and heteroecious forms of these rust fungi would be genetically closely related.
The origin of domestication genes in goats

Goat domestication selection mainly focused on immune and neural genes and involved both standing and introgressed variation. Goat domestication was critical for agriculture and civilization, but its underlying genetic changes and selection regimes remain unclear. Here, we analyze the genomes of worldwide domestic goats, wild caprid species, and historical remains, providing evidence of an ancient introgression event from a West Caucasian tur-like species to the ancestor of domestic goats. One introgressed locus with a strong signature of selection harbors the MUC6 gene, which encodes a gastrointestinally secreted mucin. Experiments revealed that the nearly fixed introgressed haplotype confers enhanced immune resistance to gastrointestinal pathogens. Another locus with a strong signal of selection may be related to behavior. The selected alleles at these two loci emerged in domestic goats at least 7200 and 8100 years ago, respectively, and increased to high frequencies concurrent with the expansion of the ubiquitous modern mitochondrial haplogroup A. Tracking these archaeologically cryptic evolutionary transformations provides new insights into the mechanisms of animal domestication.
Demography and population dynamics of Drosera anglica and D. rotundifolia

1 We studied demography and population dynamics of the sympatric perennial herbs Drosera anglica and D. rotundifolia on a boreal bog in SE Norway. Dry mass of 2872 D. anglica plants and 2467 D. rotundifolia plants (estimated from field morphological measurements) was used to classify plants into five species‐specific size classes. Demographic changes within these two populations were followed from 1995 to 1999, and within segments (quartiles) along the water table gradient and the peat productivity gradient. 2 Mortality was strongly size dependent, and varied between years, for both species; it was high for seedlings, low for the smallest mature rosettes and increased again for the largest mature rosettes. The proportion of fertile rosettes increased with increasing rosette size. Fecundity varied considerably between years, but little relative to gradient position. 3 Growth rate (λ) was > 1, except in the second year, when it fell to 0.572 for D. anglica and 0.627 for D. rotundifolia . For D. anglica small, but significant, differences were found between the two extremities of the water table gradient, and for D. rotundifolia between the second and the uppermost quartile. There was a tendency for D. anglica populations to have a lower growth rate in the most productive sites, whereas D. rotundifolia grew less on both low and high peat productivity. Elasticity analysis showed that stasis and size increase (primarily within mature stages) made major contributions to λ for D. anglica in all years. 4 The variance in population growth rate (var λ) was high between years, and higher for D. anglica than for D. rotundifolia , while the variance between quartiles along the two main gradients was low. Life‐table response experiment (LTRE) analyses revealed that for both species, differences in probabilities of transitions within mature stages, and in growth to larger stages, contributed most to var λ. 5 The effects of global warming are uncertain: drier growing seasons would affect Drosera populations negatively, while initially positive responses to a wetter climate may be balanced by competition from increased Sphagnum growth.
Atoxoplasma Garnham, 1950, as a synonym for Lankesterella Labbé, 1899. Its life cycle in the English sparrow (Passer domesticus domesticus, Linn.)

SYNOPSIS. All of 99 adult English house-sparrows, examined in the St. Albans area of Hertfordshire, England, were found to be infected with the organism previously defined by Garnham (1950) as Atoxoplasma. Young birds were found to become infected while still in the nests and as early as 6 days after hatching; there was no evidence to suggest that the parasite was transmitted through the egg. Within a few weeks of leaving the nests, all of 150 fledgling sparrows examined were heavily infected and several trapped birds died from massive infections. All stages of schizogony were found in the lymphoid-macrophage cells of the spleen, bone marrow and liver of these birds; later, as the schizogonic cycle abated, gametocytes developed in similar cells of the liver, lungs and kidney. These gametocytes are of the Eimeria type: the zygote nucleus divides to produce an asporous and polyzoic oocyst containing a large number of sporozoites, and after the rupture of the oocyst these sporozoites invade the lymphocytes and monocytes of the peripheral blood. Transmission of the parasite in the sparrow is thought to take place after the ingestion of infected mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) by the young birds in the nests: unchanged sporozoites were found in smears of these mites that had been fed on infected sparrows. Transmission experiments were impossible due to the complete lack of clean sparrows. The taxonomic status of Atoxoplasma is discussed. The type of life cycle and the production of asporous, polyzoic oocysts indicate inclusion of this parasite in the Order Coccidiida, Family Eimeriidae, Sub-Family Cryptosporidiinae Hoare, 1933. After comparison of the two genera, the author concludes that Atoxoplasma must be regarded as a synonym for Lankesterella. Some previously described species of Atoxoplasma are, therefore, transferred to the genus Lankesterella. The name Lankesterella garnhami nov. sp. , is proposed for the parasite in the English sparrow (Passer domesticus domesticus), and Lankesterella serini nov. sp. , for that in the canary (Serinus canarius).
Produção animal e qualidade de forragem de pastagem de triticale e azevém submetida a doses de adubação nitrogenada

The objectives of this research were to identify the nitrogen level that promotes the highest animal production per ha and to test the possible effect on the individual animal performance on triticale and ryegrass pasture. The sowing occurred on April 21 of 1997, later on subjected to the following treatments: 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg/ha of nitrogen divided in five applications. Nellore, Charolais heifers and their crosses, with initial average weight of 154 kg were used. The grazing period lasted from 06/12 to 11/17. The continuous stocking grazing method, with variable stocking rate, was used. The average forage mass was 1404, 1437, 1619 and 1599 kg of DM/ha, respectively, for the 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N/ha. The crude protein content of the hand plucking samples showed a positive and linear effect of nitrogen levels, according to the following equation CP=23.55+. 10N (P<.0001, R 2 =.8015) and the IVOMD a quadratic effect, according to the following equation IVOMD=63.70+. 037N-. 000071N 2 (P<.0004, R 2 =.3034), being the values 63.31, 68.93, 67.38 and 66.60%, respectively. The average daily gain did not present difference among treatments; the average was 750 g/animal. There was an interaction between treatment and period for stocking rate, the values were 738, 1086, 1078 and 988 kg of live weight/ha. The live weight gain/ha, also, showed a quadratic effect with the nitrogen levels (LWG=446+1.65N-.0029N 2 , P<.0001, R 2 =.8399). The level of 284 kg of N/ha promoted the highest animal weight gain/ha.
Single nucleotide variant detection in Jaffrabadi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) using high-throughput targeted sequencing

The water buffalo is among the most important livestock species of southern Asia, contributing greatly to the ecosystem and rural livelihood of the region. The identification of large-scale single nucleotide polymorphisms in this species would greatly facilitate our understanding of the genetic basis of economically important traits such as milk production, fertility traits and general health traits. The present study investigated the cost-effective method of exome capture and single nucleotide variant (SNV) identification from genomic DNA of Jaffrabadi buffalo using biotin-labelled cDNA as probes. Sequencing of enriched fragments generated 608 Mb of data, which was mapped to a Bos taurus genome assembly followed by variant calling and annotation. Furthermore, 393 coding SNVs were identified, leading to 143 non-synonymous substitutions (nsSNVs) in 75 genes. Of the 75 nsSNV-containing genes, four matched the genes that have previously been reported to be potentially associated with economically important traits such as milk production and meat production. Furthermore, functional annotation using gene ontology (GO) enrichment identified categories such as glutamate receptor activity (GO: 0008066) enriched in the fertility trait samples. These results provide a framework for the application of cost-effective methods of target capture in SNV detection from non-model organisms such as the water buffalo.
100 years of biological control of invasive alien plants in South Africa: History, practice and achievements

On 26 June 1906, the fourth Parliamentary Select Committee on Agricultural Cooperation met in Cape Town to debate the apparently intractable scourge to agriculture, and the wider community, of dense infestations of sweet prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) in the Eastern Cape and Karoo. Originating from Central America, this plant had been in South Africa since at least the 1750s, and by the 1890s had invaded an estimated 314 000 ha, which increased to about 1 million ha by the 1950s. Dr G.H. Maasdorp, a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Cape and a medical practitioner in Graaff-Reinet, which was literally in the thick of the prickly pear problem at the time, presented his perceptive views to the Committee.
CHANGES IN CELL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION DURING THE LIFE CYCLE OF SCRIPPSIELLA TROCHOIDEA (DINOPHYCEAE) 1

The cellular content of carbon, nitrogen, amino acids, polysaccharides, phosphorus and adenosine trtphosphate (ATP) was determined at several stages during the life cycle of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) Loeblich. Carbon per cell decreased slightly between exponential and stationary phase growth in vegetative cells whereas nitrogen per cell did not change. Both of these cellular components increased markedly on encystment and then decreased to vegetative cell levels during dormancy and germination. C/N ratios increased gradually during cyst dormancy and activation, reflecting a more rapid decrease in N than in C pools, even though both decreased through time. Amino acid composition was relatively constant during the vegetative cell stages; glutamic acid was the dominant component. Arginine was notably higher in cysts than in vegetative cells but decreased significantly during germination, suggesting a role in nitrogen storage. The ratio of neutral ammo acids to total ammo acids (NAA/TAA) decreased as cysts were formed and then gradually increased during storage and germination. The ratio of basic ammo acids to total ammo acids (BAA/TAA) changed in the opposite direction of NAA/TAA, whereas the ratio of acidic acids to total amino adds (AAA/TAA) was generally invariant. Ammo acid pools were not static during the resting slate in the cysts: there was degradation or biosynthesis of certain, but not all, classes of these compounds. The monosacchande composition of cold and hot water extracted polysaccharides was quite different between cells and cysts. A high percentage of glucose in cysts suggests that the storage carbohydrate is probably in the form of glucan. Total cellular phosphorus was higher in all cyst stages than in vegetative cells. However, ATP‐cell−1 decreased as vegetative cells entered stationary phase and encysted, and continued to decrease in cysts during dark cold storage. ATP increased only as the cysts were activated at warm temperatures in the light and began to germinate. The above data demonstrate that dormancy and quiescence are not periods of inactive metabolism but instead are times when numerous biochemical transformations are occurring that permit prolonged survival in a resting state.
Population structure of the hadal amphipod Hirondellea gigas (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea) from the Izu-Bonin Trench

The population structure of Hirondellea gigas (Birstein and Vinogradov, 1955), collected by baited trap from 8172 and 9316 m in the Izu-Bonin Trench (NW Pacific) was examined. Specimens were categorized according to sex and life stage. At 8172 m, juveniles comprised the overwhelming majority of the population, whilst at 9316 m the male: female: juvenile ratio was more evenly distributed, suggesting vertical ontogenetic structuring. Furthermore, juveniles from 8172 m were significantly smaller than those from 9316 m with an average body length of 11.1 mm (±4.6 S.D.) compared to 19.8 mm (±3.1 S.D.). Females and males showed the opposite trend to juveniles, with both the largest individuals and the greatest proportion of males and females occurring at 9316 m, no ♀6 nor brooding females were captured. Female reproductive strategies and the environmental drivers of ontogenetic structuring of H. gigas populations are discussed. We conclude that pressure per se does not drive the observed trends but rather an interaction between depth (pressure) and topography-influenced distribution of resources in terms of both quality and quantity.
Fine Structure of the Archiannelid Cuticle and Remarks on the Evolution of the Cuticle Within the Spiralia

The fine structure of the cuticle in the archiannelids Polygordius, Protodrilus, Trilobodrilus, and Diurodrilus is described. Polygordius and Protodrilus are unique with respect to the filiform microvilli penetrating through the cuticle. Basically all forms conform to the most common type of cuticular structure in the Annelida: a fibrous matrix of varying complexity penetrated by micro-villar-like cell processes. Following the ideas expressed by Lyons (1970), a hypothesis on the evolution of the cuticle within the vermiform Spiralia (e.g. Turbellaria, Nemertea, Annelida) is proposed. New data on interstitial Turbellaria and other new forms of interstitial worms suggest a morphological and functional sequence from the multiciliated epidermis of Turbellaria to the cuticularized hypodermis of Annelida.
Practical Genetics for Aquaculture

Genetics is an important and fast-developing discipline within the science and practice of aquaculture. Development and use of a high­ performance stock is key to achieving production efficiency and profitability. Although aquaculturists grasp the importance of genetics, most struggle to understand how it might be applied to improve their own production stocks. The struggle is made all the more difficult by the pace and technical complexity of recent developments in aquaculture biotechnology. Hence, many students and practitioners would appreciate a concise and current explanation of genetics as applied to aquaculture. To meet this need, Greg Lutz of Louisiana State University and Fishing News Books have recently published Practical Genetics for Aquaculture.
Effects of distillers dried grain with soluble (DDGS) on meat quality, lipid peroxide and some of antioxidant status parameters of fattening Turkey

A small-scale feeding trial was conducted with 30 BUT Big 6 male turkeys (15 in each group) fed diets containing 0% or 15% distillers dried grain with soluble (DDGS) to investigate the effects of DDGS on meat quality, including fatty acid composition, and lipid peroxide and glutathione status of blood and liver. Quality parameters of breast meat did not differ between the treatments groups, except significantly higher shear force in the group fed diet-containing DDGS. DDGS inclusion did not cause significant changes in the chemical composition of breast muscle but revealed significantly lower proportion of myristic, palmitoleic and total saturated fatty acids, and higher proportion of linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acids. The higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the diet containing 15% DDGS caused higher malondialdehyde content in blood plasma and red blood cell haemolysate, but not in liver or muscle homogenates. Consequently reduced glutathione content was significantly lower in blood plasma but higher in liver homogenate as effect of DDGS added to the diet, but did not differ in red blood cell haemolysate. Glutathione peroxidase activity showed similar changes as reduced glutathione. These results suggest that higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the diet containing 15% DDGS resulted in higher malondialdehyde formation in blood, but not in liver and breast muscle because of the activation of the glutathione redox system in liver. J. Poult. Sci., -
Effect of Growth Medium and Method of Application of Fusarium oxysporum on Infestation of Sorghum by Striga hermonthica in Burkina Faso

A 2-year (1997–1998) study was conducted at Kouaré, Burkina Faso, to investigate effect of growth medium and application method of Fusarium oxysporum isolate 4-3-B to control Striga hermonthica. In 1997, growth medium and isolate 4-3-B delayed striga emergence by 9 days. Isolate 4-3-B reduced emerged striga number by 33% compared to treatments without Fusarium. In 1998, striga emergence was delayed by 13 days by growth medium and Fusarium. The fungus reduced the number of emerged striga by 27% and, as a result, sorghum straw and grain yields were significantly improved by 10 and 38%, respectively.
HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990–1998

Article abstractThis study examined the temporal trends in the incidence rates of HIV dementia, cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and CNS lymphoma from January 1990 to December 1998 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The incidence rates for HIV dementia, cryptococcal meningitis, and lymphoma decreased following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The proportion of new cases of HIV dementia with a CD4 count in a higher range (i.e., 201 to 350) since 1996 may be increasing.
Late‐season temperature effects on the carbon economy and tree performance of ‘Royal Gala’ apple (Malusdomestica) trees

Abstract Potted ‘Royal Gala’ apple on M.9 rootstock (Malus domestica) trees were grown after fruit harvest at constant temperature conditions (18/ 8°C day/night) for 3, 6, and 9 weeks to manipulate their carbohydrate reserves. On several occasions, leaf gas exchange was measured and selected trees were destructively harvested before and after each treatment to measure the dry weight of the component parts. Samples were also taken for carbohydrate analysis. After treatment, the remaining trees were returned outdoors and, in spring, selected trees from each treatment were destructively harvested for dry weight and carbohydrate analysis. Budbreak was then measured and fruit weight and crop load determined next autumn and the trees destructively harvested for dry weight and carbohydrate analysis. There was no change in tree dry weight after each late‐season temperature treatment. Carbohydrate concentrations, averaged over the whole tree, increased by 10–15% compared to the pre‐treatment trees, consistent with a net increase in carbon acquisition. Over winter, the total carbohydrate concentration had declined by 25–40%. In spring, time of budbreak differed significantly; trees exposed for 3 weeks to 18/8°C in late‐season broke buds 9–19 days earlier than the other treatments in the following spring. The early budbreak was associated with not only the largest increase in carbohydrate concentration during treatment but also the greatest decrease thereafter. Although there is some support for the conclusion that high carbohydrate reserves confer a direct benefit on the budbreak process, it remains an open question if it was the increase in reserves, or their subsequent consumption that advanced budbreak.
Moon and tide effects on fish capture in a tropical tidal flat

The influence of the lunar phases and tidal range on the fish capture was analysed in a tidal flat in Barra do Paraguaçu (Baía de Todos os Santos). The sampling was realized in the flood tide and ebb tide of the spring (full moon) and neap (waning moon) tides, between June 2007 and May 2008. At all sampling occasions, two parallel drags were accomplished to the tidal flat, in the same direction of the current, in a 100 m long area marked on the beach beforehand, using a seine net of 15 m × 2.0 m with a mesh of 12 mm between adjacent knots. A total of 2312 fish specimens were captured (26.5 kg), belonging to 75 species from 45 families. The mean number of captured fish was significantly larger in full moon at ebb tides, while the mean weight in the captures was larger in ebb tides. There was significant difference in number of species, number of fish, richness and diversity between full and waning moons. The number of fish and biomass were significantly different between tides. Significant differences were found in community structure regarding trophic groups in relation to tide and moon, although the classic diversity indices did not capture this effect between tides. Furthermore, it was possible to identify preferences of occurrence related to the change of tide in dominant species.