Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF Blastocystis sp. IN CATTLE, GOAT AND SHEEP REARED BY DIFFERENT FARM MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN PAHANG, MALAYSIA

Blastocystis sp. is a familiar parasite in the gastrointestinal tract causing infection in humans and animals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Blastocystis sp. prevalence in three sorts of livestock; cattle, goats, and sheep in Pahang, Malaysia, which are reared under two management systems; intensive and semi-intensive farm management system. About 92, 96, and 65 cattle, goat, and sheep fecal samples respectively were collected from different farms around Kuantan, Bera, and Pekan. The fecal samples were cultured in Jones’ medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated horse serum and incubated at 37 ºC for 2 weeks, then observed under light microscopy daily. The total prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was 29.34% in cattle (27/92), 29.16% in goats (28/96), and 43.07% in sheep (28/65). Supported the results of this study, Blastocystis sp. prevalence was higher in sheep and livestock reared by a semi-intensive farm management system (44.38%). However, further study could be done for Blastocystis sp. subtypes identification to determine its genetic diversity. Notwithstanding, this study has provided additional knowledge on the prevalence of each livestock reared in farms around Pahang that serve as important information in understanding host-parasite relationships, besides determining the best farm management system to be applied by farmers.
Ideal-magnetohydrodynamic theory of low-frequency Alfvén waves in the H-1 Heliac

A part analytical, part numerical ideal-MHD analysis of low-frequency Alfvén wave physics in the H-1 stellarator is given. The three-dimensional, compressible ideal spectrum for H-1 is presented and it is found that despite the low β of H-1 plasmas (β ≈ 10−4), significant Alfvén-acoustic interactions occur at low frequencies. Several quasi-discrete modes are found with the three-dimensional linearized ideal-MHD eigenmode solver CAS3D, including beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode-type modes in beta-induced gaps. The strongly shaped, low-aspect ratio magnetic geometry of H-1 presents a challenging numerical problem for wave-mode physics codes. For CAS3D, convergence requires the inclusion of many Fourier harmonics for the parallel component of the fluid displacement eigenvector even for shear wave motions. Finally, an explanation is offered for the measured configurational frequency dependence in terms of the scaling of the highest beta-induced gap with local temperature at the mode resonant surface. If validated it suggests a technique for temperature inference at the resonant surface of a mode, thereby extending the tools of MHD spectroscopy beyond q profile inference.
Rocky Mountain forests are poised to recover following bark beetle outbreaks but with altered composition

Amplified by warming temperatures and drought, recent outbreaks of native bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) have caused extensive tree mortality throughout Europe and North America. Despite their ubiquitous nature and important effects on ecosystems, forest recovery following such disturbances is poorly understood, particularly across regions with varying abiotic conditions and outbreak effects. To better understand post‐outbreak recovery across a topographically complex region, we synthesized data from 16 field studies spanning subalpine forests in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA. From 1997 to 2019, these forests were heavily affected by outbreaks of three native bark beetle species (Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dendroctonus rufipennis and Dryocoetes confusus). We compared pre‐ and post‐outbreak forest conditions and developed region‐wide predictive maps of post‐outbreak (1) live basal areas, (2) juvenile densities and (3) height growth rates for the most abundant tree species – aspen (Populus tremuloides), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa). Beetle‐caused tree mortality reduced the average diameter of live trees by 28.4% (5.6 cm), and species dominance was altered on 27.8% of field plots with shifts away from pine and spruce. However, most plots (82.1%) were likely to recover towards pre‐outbreak tree densities without additional regeneration. Region‐wide maps indicated that fir and aspen, non‐host species for bark beetle species with the most severe effects (i.e. Dendroctonus spp.), will benefit from outbreaks through increased compositional dominance. After accounting for individual size, height growth for all conifer species was more rapid in sites with low winter precipitation, high winter temperatures and severe outbreaks. Synthesis. In subalpine forests of the US Rocky Mountains, recent bark beetle outbreaks have reduced tree size and altered species composition. While eventual recovery of the pre‐outbreak forest structure is likely in most places, changes in species composition may persist for decades. Still, forest communities following bark beetle outbreaks are widely variable due to differences in pre‐outbreak conditions, outbreak severity and abiotic gradients. This regional variability has critical implications for ecosystem services and susceptibility to future disturbances.
THE COSMIC EVOLUTION OF MASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND GALAXY SPHEROIDS: GLOBAL CONSTRAINTS AT REDSHIFT z ≲ 1.2

We study observational constraints on the cosmic evolution of the relationships between massive black hole (MBH) mass (M•) and stellar mass (M*, sph; or velocity dispersion σ) of a host galaxy/spheroid. Assuming that the M•–M*, sph (or M•–σ) relation evolves with redshift as ∝(1 + z)Γ, the MBH mass density can be obtained from either the observationally determined galaxy stellar mass functions or velocity dispersion distribution functions over redshift z ∼ 0–1.2 for any given Γ. The MBH mass density at different redshifts can also be inferred from the luminosity function of QSOs/active galactic nuclei (AGNs) provided the radiative efficiency ϵ is known. By matching the MBH density inferred from galaxies to that obtained from QSOs/AGNs, we find that Γ = 0.64+0.27− 0.29 for the M•–M*, sph relation and Γ = −0.21+0.28− 0.33 for the M•–σ relation, and ϵ = 0.11+0.04− 0.03. Our results suggest that MBH mass growth precedes bulge mass growth but that the galaxy velocity dispersion does not increase with the mass growth of the bulge after nuclear activity is quenched, which is roughly consistent with the two-phase galaxy formation scenario proposed by Oser et al. in which a galaxy roughly doubles its mass after z = 1 due to accretion and minor mergers while its velocity dispersion drops slightly.
A spectroscopic survey of dwarf galaxies in the Coma cluster: stellar populations, environment and downsizing

We investigate the stellar populations in a sample of 89 faint red galaxies in the Coma cluster, using high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectroscopy from the 6.5-m MMT. Our sample is drawn from two 1° fields, one centred on the cluster core and the other located 1° to the south-west of the cluster centre. The target galaxies are mostly 2–4 mag fainter than M*; galaxies with these luminosities have been previously studied only using small samples, or at low S/N. For a comparison sample we use published high-S/N data for red-sequence galaxies in the Shapley supercluster. We use state-of-the-art stellar population models (by R. Schiavon) to interpret the absorption-line indices and infer the single-burst-equivalent age and metallicity (Fe/H) for each galaxy, as well as the abundances of the light elements Mg, Ca, C and N. The ages of the Coma dwarfs span a wide range from 10 Gyr, with a strong environmental dependence. The oldest galaxies are found only in the core, while most of the galaxies in the outer south-west field have ages ∼3 Gyr. The galaxies have a metallicity range −1.0 ≲[Fe/H]≲ 0.0, and follow the same age–metallicity–mass plane as high-mass galaxies, but with increased intrinsic scatter. The Mg/Fe abundance ratios are on average slightly supersolar, and span a range −0.1 ≲[Mg/Fe]≲+0.4. The highest Mg enhancements are found only in the cluster core, while solar ratios predominate in the outskirts. We show that parametrized models with more complex star formation histories perform no better than single-burst models in reproducing the observed line indices. Assuming a star formation history dominated by a single burst, the number of dwarf galaxies on the red sequence in the Coma core has doubled since z≈ 0.7. Assuming instead an abruptly truncated constant star formation rate, the equivalent redshift is z≈ 0.4. These estimates bracket the red-sequence growth time-scales found by direct studies of distant clusters. In the south-west field, the red sequence was established only at z≈ 0.2 for a burst-dominated star formation history (z≈ 0.1 for the truncated case). Our observations confirm previous indications of very recently quenched star formation in this part of the cluster. Our results strongly support the scenario in which much of the cluster passive dwarf population (in this luminosity range) was generated by environment-driven transformation of infalling late-type galaxies.
HOMFLYPT homology over ℤ2 detects unlinks

We apply the Rasmussen spectral sequence to prove that the [Formula: see text]-graded vector space structure of the HOMFLYPT homology over [Formula: see text] detects unlinks. Our proof relies on a theorem of Batson and Seed stating that the [Formula: see text]-graded vector space structure of the Khovanov homology over [Formula: see text] detects unlinks.
FORMATION HEIGHTS OF EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET LINES IN AN ACTIVE REGION DERIVED BY CORRELATION OF DOPPLER VELOCITY AND MAGNETIC FIELD

We study the correlation heights, which indicate the formation height of Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lines in an active region using observations from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer and Solar Optical Telescope on board Hinode. The nonlinear force-free field optimization method is adopted to extrapolate the three-dimensional magnetic fields to higher layers. Three subregions with different characteristics are selected in the active region for this study. The results show that the formation heights in different subregions vary with their different magnetic fields or velocity patterns. After solving the line blending problem between the He ii 256.32 Å and Si x 256.37 Å lines by the double Gaussian curve fitting, we find that the transition region lies higher in a strong magnetic area. In a preflare heating area, there possibly exist multithermal loops as implied by comparing the Doppler velocity and the magnetic field on the solar disk.
Field-Based Circuit Model of Acoustically Actuated Piezoelectric Antenna for Characteristic Evaluation and Array Applications

A field-based circuit model (FBCM) is proposed to reveal impedance, near-field, and far-field performance of acoustically actuated piezoelectric (PE) antenna by introduction of electromagnetic induction into PE equations and impedance analysis at the boundary. To make the model more practical, induced current on the PE antenna body is analyzed and near-field compression by the large permittivity of PE material is formulated. Closed-form expressions are built to conveniently evaluate model parameters. Furthermore, the FBCM method is validated by precise vehicles, and calculation results agree with the measurement with a maximum frequency error of 0.15% and a near-field magnitude error of 3.9 dB; all measured impedance and near-field components follow the characteristic described by FBCM. Finally, the radiation efficiency of a demonstrated PE antenna is calculated by FBCM to be 1.3e−9 for a single unit and 2.0e−9 for a PE antenna array, which is 5–67 times higher than that of a metallic electrical small antenna of the same size. The FBCM method can be an effective and convenient way for researchers to design and evaluate PE antennas in a short time.
Cross-Platform Emotions and Audience Engagement in Social Media Political Campaigning: Comparing Candidates’ Facebook and Instagram Images in the 2020 US Election

ABSTRACT This study provides a cross-platform, longitudinal investigation of pictures depicting political candidates posted to Facebook and Instagram over a 15-month period during the 2020 US election (n = 4,977). After motivating an exploratory research design, we set out to expound: the extent of cross-platform image posting across Facebook and Instagram; the emotion expression of politicians across the two platforms; and the relationship between these emotions and post performance. Our analysis of eight political campaigns (seven Democratic challengers and the Republican incumbent) finds relatively high and stable levels of cross-posting candidate pictures across the two platforms. The exception is the incumbent campaign, where cross-posting activity rose in proximity to the primary elections. Regarding emotions, we utilize both computer vision and crowd coding to identify happiness as the dominant emotion on Facebook and Instagram. Overall, we detect little variation in candidate emotion expressions – across campaigns and across platforms. However, we do find differences in how platform audiences respond to emotions, proxied here through post performance. Results from binomial logistic regressions show that in comparison with Calm, posts exhibiting Anger are less likely to overperform on both Facebook and Instagram. Most interestingly, we find diverging patterns for Happiness, which performs better than Calm on Instagram but not on Facebook. We interpret these findings to suggest first, that Instagram users reward emotionality from politicians. Second and more importantly, we argue that differing audience responses to emotions – captured through social media metrics – may reveal a generation polarization in what different segments of the electorate prefer their political leaders to be.
Explaining differences in party reactions to the Fridays for Future-movement – a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) of parties in three European countries

ABSTRACT Recently, political contestation on climate change has increased considerably. Not least, world-wide protests by the Fridays for Future movement have brought the issue to the fore of the policy-agenda. However, following classic ideas of partisan theory, the movement depends on political parties to translate their demands into political action. Based on multiple data sources (i.e. social media and parliamentary debates), we, therefore, investigate reactions of 19 parties to the movement in three European countries (Austria, Germany and Sweden) and analyse reasons for their varying responses in a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Overall, parties stay true to their general ideological position and party competition only exerts a mild impact on party reactions to the movement while their traditional left-right positioning or environmental preferences explain their responses. Thus, despite Fridays for Future’s moderate demands and its measured appearance it was not able to generate general support from centre-right parties.
Applying stem cell therapy in intractable diseases: a narrative review of decades of progress and challenges

Background and Objective Stem cell therapy (SCT) is one of the vastly researched branches of regenerative medicine as a therapeutic tool to treat incurable diseases. With the use of human stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), stem cell therapy aims to regenerate or repair damaged tissues and congenital defects. As stem cells are able to undergo infinite self-renewal, differentiate into various types of cells and secrete protective paracrine factors, many researchers have investigated the potential of SCT in regenerative medicine. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive review on the recent application of SCT in various intractable diseases, namely, haematological diseases, neurological diseases, diabetes mellitus, retinal degenerative disorders and COVID-19 infections along with the challenges faced in the clinical translation of SCT. Methods An extensive search was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov using related keywords. Latest articles on stem cell therapy application in selected diseases along with their challenges in clinical applications were selected. Key content and findings In vitro and in vivo studies involving SCT are shown to be safe and efficacious in treating various diseases covered in this review. There are also a number of small-scale clinical trials that validated the positive therapeutic outcomes of SCT. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of SCT are highly variable as some SCT works best in patients with early-stage diseases while in other diseases, SCT is more likely to work in patients in late stages of illnesses. Among the challenges identified in SCT translation are uncertainty in the underlying stem cell mechanism, ethical issues, genetic instability and immune rejection. Conclusions SCT will be a revolutionary treatment in the future that will provide hope to patients with intractable diseases. Therefore, studies ought to be done to ascertain the long-term effects of SCT while addressing the challenges faced in validating SCT for clinical use. Moreover, as there are many studies investigating the safety and efficacy of SCT, future studies should look into elucidating the regenerative and reparative capabilities of stem cells which largely remains unknown.
EXPLORING THE BRIDGE BETWEEN A3556 AND A3558 IN THE SHAPLEY SUPERCLUSTER

Looking at the region connecting two clusters is a promising way to identify and study the Warm–Hot Intergalactic Medium. Observations show that the spectrum of the bridge between A3556 and A3558 has a stronger soft X-ray emission than the nearby region. Suzaku observations could not discriminate the origin of the extra emission. In this work we analyze a dedicated Chandra observation of the same target to identify point sources and characterize the background emission in the bridge. We find that the count number of the point sources is much higher than average field population (using CDFS 4 Ms as a reference). Moreover, the shape of the cumulative distribution resembles that of galaxy distribution suggesting that the point sources are galaxies in a filament. The Suzaku extra emission is well explained by the high abundance of point sources identified by Chandra. Furthermore, we used optical/IR observations of point sources in the same field to estimate the density of the putative filament as &rgr; ≈ 150 &rgr; b ? > , below Suzaku sensitivity.
Emotionally Intelligent People Use More High-Engagement and Less Low-Engagement Processes to Regulate Others’ Emotions

Existing research has linked emotional intelligence (EI) with intrinsic emotion regulation (processes people use to regulate their own emotions). However, there has not yet been an empirical examination of whether EI abilities relate to extrinsic emotion regulation (processes people use to regulate other people’s emotions). This study (N = 178 undergraduates) examines whether ability EI (as measured by the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test) correlates with eight extrinsic regulation processes (as measured by the Regulation of Others’ Emotions Scale, including downward comparison, expressive suppression, humour, distraction, direct action, reappraisal, receptive listening and valuing). Total ability EI score is significantly positively correlated with three high-engagement processes (r = .24, .40, and .16 for reappraisal, receptive listening, and valuing) and negatively correlated with two low-engagement processes (r = −.30 and −.38 for downward comparison and expressive suppression). When all four EI branches predicted each regulation process in multiple regression, only emotion management significantly predicted downward comparison, receptive listening and valuing, and only emotion management and understanding predicted expressive suppression (no significant regression coefficients for reappraisal). We conclude that the drivers of EI/extrinsic regulation associations are engagement with the target’s emotion and the emotion management branch of EI.
Combined Solar system and rotation curve constraints on MOND

The Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) paradigm generically predicts that the external gravitational field in which a system is embedded can produce effects on its internal dynamics. In this communication, we first show that this external field effect (EFE) can significantly improve some galactic rotation curves fits by decreasing the predicted velocities of the external part of the rotation curves. In modified gravity versions of MOND, this EFE also appears in the Solar system and leads to a very good way to constrain the transition function of the theory. A combined analysis of the galactic rotation curves and Solar system constraints (provided by the Cassini spacecraft) rules out several classes of popular MOND transition functions, but leaves others viable. Moreover, we show that Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Pathfinder will not be able to improve the current constraints on these still viable transition functions.
Ecobehavioral Analysis of the Experiences of Students With Complex Support Needs in Different Classroom Types

Students with complex support needs frequently experience restrictive educational placements such as self-contained and separate school classrooms. Given the need to support students with complex support needs to experience positive outcomes and make progress in the general education curriculum, there is a need to investigate the characteristics of the classroom contexts in which they are learning. The purpose of this study was to use ecobehavioral assessment observation methods to investigate how student behaviors, educator behaviors, and classroom ecology vary across general education, resource, self-contained, and separate school classrooms. We observed 116 students with complex support needs across the United States, and results indicated that contextual features of resource, self-contained, and separate school classrooms do not offer superior levels of instruction or supports for students with complex support needs as compared with general education classrooms. We were more likely to observe no one interacting with the focus student, no instruction, and the presence of distractions in self-contained and separate school classrooms compared with general education classrooms. Implications for policy, research, and practice are presented.
Cohomological structure in soliton equations and Jacobian varieties

On etudie la structure des orbites du systeme dynamique definie par la hierarchie KP totale. On montre que chaque orbite est localement isomorphe a un certain groupe de cohomologie associe a une algebre commutative. Le systeme dynamique KP restreint a chaque orbite determine un systeme dynamique de mouvements lineaires sur lui par rapport a la structure lineaire du groupe de cohomologie