Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the relationship between risk factor reduction and degree of weight loss

Moderate weight loss achieved through lifestyle interventions positively impacts on a number of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Clinical studies have shown that sustained moderate weight loss lowers blood pressure, improves glucose control, and improves dyslipidaemia as well as inflammatory, haemostatic, and fibrinolytic factors. In addition, it is associated with the prevention of progression to Type 2 diabetes in at-risk subjects. Furthermore, increasing physical fitness is associated with increases in HDL cholesterol and reductions in all-cause mortality. However, there is, as yet, only indirect evidence that modification of risk factors through weight loss will reduce mortality.
1-Diphenylphosphanyl-2-(diphenylphosphoryl)hydrazine

The title compound, C24H22N2OP2, is an asymmetrically substituted hydrazine derivative bearing a phosphoryl and a phosphanyl substituent. The PNNP backbone has a torsion angle of −131.01 (8)°. In the crystal, molecules form centrosymmetric dimers by intermolecular N—H.O hydrogen bonds, which are further linked into a three-dimensional network by weak C—H.O and C—H. π interactions.
The efficacy of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy in shoulder adhesive capsulitis: a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study

Abstract Although shoulder adhesive capsulitis is a common condition, its treatment remains controversial. No previous radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) use has been reported for this condition. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of rESWT compared with placebo in patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. This prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial took place in four physical therapy departments in New York. The study included 106 patients with primary shoulder adhesive capsulitis, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental (n = 53) or control group (n = 53). All patients received instructions in a home-based exercise program before their allocated intervention. Both groups received four applications of rESWT, 1 week apart; a clasp blocked transmission of the shockwave impulses in the control group. Function was measured by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, pain by a visual analog scale, and shoulder active and passive abduction, and passive external rotation degrees by a goniometer, at baseline, and at 4 and 24 weeks from baseline. Compared to the control group, significant clinical and statistical (p < 0.001) improvements in all outcome measures were seen in the experimental group at the two follow-up intervals. In conclusion, the rESWT is a safe and effective treatment in shoulder adhesive capsulitis.
Social Factors affecting Cesarean Trend in pregnant women

A healthy and successful society is formed by healthy and knowledgeable mothers. How mothers deliver babies plays a great role on their own health. Women should be free to choose knowingly during their pregnancy and child delivery. Doctors are to help women, not to control them or decide on their behalves. According to the general principles of medical ethics, in order to preserve and respect the “right to decide” of patients capable of making their own decisions, medical teams must provide their patients with all their required information and complete, unbiased and reliable facts about their condition so they can make their own decisions with freedom and awareness. Medical teams must also bear in mind the basic principle of “Assessment of risks and benefits” in their medications and prescriptions, and they must try to find the most optimized condition by fine-tuning the two parameters, in order to treat the needs of their patients. Cesarean is a method of child delivery that, in recent years, has attracted many women, without having any knowledge of how it is done or what the consequences are. This paper tends to study social elements that have tempted women into Cesarean during recent years. The research methodology is a survey. The sample volume came to 200 women, using Cochran Formula. The statistical population included 3-month pregnant women going to hospitals of district1 in Tehran. The tools of data gathering were questionnaires firs, demographic characteristic of the samples (age, education, marital, status) were described and frequency and percentage charts were drawn. Finally, descriptive statistical charts were used to describe variably like Cesareans encouraged by physicians, body fitness and fear of natural delivery, modeling and fading of motherhood duties, advantages of natural delivery and disadvantages of Cesarean. Findings are as follows: There is a noticeable relationship between the selections of Cesarean and knowing the consequences, doctors encouragements, fear of natural delivery, modeling, keeping body fitness, social and economic level of women; there is no such noticeable relationship between selection of Cesarean and knowing the advantages of natural delivery and fading of motherhood duties.
Routine 18F-FDG PET Preoperative Staging of Colorectal Cancer: Comparison with Conventional Staging and Its Impact on Treatment Decision Making

UNLABELLED: The preoperative staging of colorectal cancer (CRC) with (18)F-FDG PET is not as yet generally considered to be evidence based. We have found only 1 study that evaluated (18)F-FDG PET in a nonselected population with proven CRC. Several other studies have concentrated on more advanced disease. The aim of this study was to assess the potential clinical benefit of (18)F-FDG PET in the routine staging of CRC. METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive patients who had had CRC histologically proven by colonoscopy underwent prospective preoperative staging by plain chest radiography, sonography, CT, and (18)F-FDG PET. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were retrospectively assessed by comparison with the histologic results after surgery (36 patients) or clinical follow-up (2 inoperable cases-both patients died within 1 y of the PET examination). The impact of (18)F-FDG PET on therapeutic decision making was evaluated by comparing medical records before and after (18)F-FDG PET. RESULTS: (18)F-FDG PET correctly detected 95% of primary tumors, whereas CT and sonography correctly detected only 49% and 14%, respectively. Lymph nodes were involved in 7 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET were 29%, 88%, and 75%, respectively. CT and sonography did not reveal any lymph node involvement. Liver metastases were present in 9 patients. (18)F-FDG PET, CT, and sonography had a sensitivity of 78%, 67%, and 25%, respectively; a specificity of 96%, 100%, and 100%, respectively; and an accuracy of 91%, 91%, and 81%, respectively. (18)F-FDG PET revealed further lesions in 11 patients. Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 tumor markers were elevated in, respectively, only 33% and 8% of cases of proven CRC. (18)F-FDG PET changed the treatment modality for 8% and the range of surgery for 13% of patients. In total, (18)F-FDG PET changed the method of treatment for 16% of patients. CONCLUSION: Plain chest radiography and sonography did not bring any clinical benefits. No correlation was found between the level of tumor markers and the stage of disease. CT is necessary for confirmation of PET findings at extraabdominal sites (PET-guided CT) and for their morphologic specification at abdominal and pelvic sites before an operation. (18)F-FDG PET is the best method for the staging of CRC in all localities, despite the high rate of false-negative PET findings in patients with lymph node involvement. PET should be performed as a first examination after verification of CRC. We propose a PET/CT hybrid system as optimal in the staging of CRC.
Disparities in minority healthcare and implications for the field of audiology

In recent years the minority population in the United States has grown to represent nearly a third of the total population. With this tremendous growth, the healthcare field must be prepared to meet the unique needs of this population to ensure the provision of appropriate and effective care to all patients. However, the research continues to demonstrate great disparities in minority healthcare in terms of both access to care and quality of services. Examples of disparities involving access to healthcare include lack of insurance coverage, insufficient access to medical specialty services, and lack of access to regular care. Examples of disparities in quality of care received include poor or reduced services resulting from cultural or linguistic barriers between patient and provider. As participants in hearing heath care, audiologists must find ways to overcome obstacles in providing services to minorities so that all patients may receive the best care possible. In order to do this, audiologists must first gain an understanding and awareness of the overall extent of the stated disparities in the healthcare field. They must then look specifically at how these disparities impact the field of audiology. Only then can they successfully and effectively develop approaches to provide appropriate hearing health care to all patients regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, gender and socio-economic factors.
Reflection: Principles and Practice for Healthcare Professionals

Imagine that you get such certain awesome experience and knowledge by only reading a book. How can? It seems to be greater when a book can be the best thing to discover. Books now will appear in printed and soft file collection. One of them is this book reflection principles and practice for healthcare professionals. It is so usual with the printed books. However, many people sometimes have no space to bring the book for them; this is why they can't read the book wherever they want.
Clinical Decision Support and Appropriateness of Antimicrobial Prescribing

VASaltLakeCityHealthCareSys-tem (Drs Samore and Rupper); Department of Inter-nal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (DrsSamore, Bateman, Alder, Rubin, Stults, Rupper, andStevenson,MssrsStoddard,Haddadin,andMsWilli-amson); HealthInsight, Salt Lake City (Dr Batemanand Ms Donnelly); and Qualis Health, Boise, Idaho(Drs Hannah and Stevenson). Dr Stevenson is nowwith the Ohio State University College of Medicine,Columbus.
Abrogation of α-adrenergic vasoactivity in chronically inflamed rat knee joints

It has previously been shown that chronic inflammation causes a reduction in sympathetic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction in rat knees. To determine whether this phenomenon is due to an alteration in smooth muscle adrenoceptor function, the present study compared the α-adrenoceptor profile of blood vessels supplying the anteromedial capsule of normal and chronically inflamed rat knee joints. While the rats were under urethan anesthesia, the α1-adrenoceptor agonists methoxamine and phenylephrine and the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (0.1-ml bolus; dose range 10−12-10−7 mol) were applied to exposed normal rat knees, resulting in a dose-dependent fall in capsular perfusion. Comparison of drug potencies indicated that α2-adrenergic effects > α1-vasoactivity. One week after intra-articular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant to induce chronic joint inflammation, the vasoconstrictor effects of methoxamine, phenylephrine, and clonidine were all significantly attenuated compared with normal controls. These findings show that the preponderance of sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstriction in the anteromedial capsule of the rat is carried out by postjunctional α2-adrenoceptors. Chronic joint inflammation compromises α1- and α2-adrenoceptor function, and this change in α-adrenergic responsiveness may help explain the perfusion changes commonly associated with inflammatory arthritis.
A Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Pilocarpine for Treatment of Post-irradiation Xerostomia in Taiwanese Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

Many head and neck cancer patients suffer from xerostomia after radiotherapy. We designed a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral pilocarpine for treatment of post-irradiation xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients. In this study, 96 patients were recruited. The dose of external beam radiation was at least 40 Gray in 4 weeks. Patients received 5 mg oral pilocarpine hydrochloride three times a day for 12 weeks. For determining efficacy, subjective xerostomia was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) xerostomia questionnaire that measured oral dryness, mouth and tongue comfort, speaking without fluid, the need for oral comfort agent, chewing and swallowing, and the ability to sleep. Twentynine patients completed the experiment in the study group, and 36 patients in the control group. The xerostomia of patients in both groups improved (11.1%~37.9%), and there was no significant difference except in the ability to sleep (p = 0.049). The data of safety showed that there were no statistically significant differences between these two groups. However, the study group experienced increases in sweating and urinary frequency. Administration of 5 mg of oral pilocarpine three times a day for treatment of post-radiotherapy xerostomia is effective and safe for Taiwanese patients with head and neck cancers.
Psychiatric Morbidity and the Socio-Demographic Determinants of Patients Attempting Suicide in Kashmir Valley: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Human suicidal behaviour has always been a source of dread and wonder to mankind. As in many countries, suicide in India is hidden and silent epidemic. Suicide has many determinants, studying various determinants has always been the topic of interest for many researchers. Objectives: To study the socio-demographic and the clinical profiles of the subjects who had attempted suicide in Kashmir valley. Design: Retrospective study Setting: Tertiary referral Hospital, SMHS Srinagar. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study for a period of 2 years in SMHS Government medical college associated Hospital. We monitored every alternate patients admitted to the hospital after attempting suicide during our on-going study period (n =201). The data was recorded in a specially designed Proforma, which included the socio-demographic variables, psychiatric illnesses, psycho-social stress factors, past and family history and the details of the suicide attempt. Chi-square and t tests were used to note the statistically significant associations. Results: Majority of cases belong to Muslim group (95.02%). Younger people of 15-25 years of age (52.7%) predominated in the study. Females (54.7%) outnumbered the males (45.27%). Majority of the patients were married and housewives and were from rural and low socioeconomic backgrounds. Many of the patients had no family history of self-harm and they used poison as the most preferred method of suicide. Majority of the patients examined were suffering from psychiatric illness, which was predominated by depression (21.90%). Besides this, family conflicts (31.8%) and failure in exams (10.44%) were found to be the most common precipitating factors for suicide. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that suicide attempts must be carefully evaluated in subjects with previous psychiatric disorders, previous suicide attempts and a family history of psychiatric disorders. Steps like awareness programs, preventive measures and proper psychiatric referral systems should be built to control the increasing incidence of suicide in the
Impact of Birth and Body Weight at Twenty Days on thePostweaning Growth of Pigs with Different Weaning Management

ABSTRACT Pigs from 112 litters were assigned to 3 different treatments and their BW growth to 125 kg was determined. The 3 treatments were as follows: sow-reared, weaning at 14 d of age, and weaning at 2 d of age. Piglets from litters weaned at 14 d of age were fed a milk replacer after weaning until the day the sowreared litters were weaned. Piglets from litters weaned 2 d after birth were fed the milk replacer for 19 d after weaning. Pigs were individually weighed at birth at about 20 d of age, at 32 kg BW, and every 2 wk thereafter. The grow-finish BW data were fitted to a generalized Michaelis-Menten equation. The relationships of 20-d BW to birth BW were different for each treatment. Postweaning BW and days to attain 125 kg had nonlinear relationships with birth and 20-d BW. A 0.1 kg increase in birth BW reduced predicted days to reach 125 kg BW by 3.48, 0.92, and 0.18 d at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg birth BW, respectively. A 0.1 kg increase in 20-d BW decreased predicted days to reach 125 kg by 0.57, 0.38, and 0.26 d at 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0 kg 20-d BW, respectively. Increasing the BW of the lightest birth BW and 20-d BW pigs had a greater impact on subsequent BW than increasing the BW of pigs with average to above average birth and 20-d BW.
Evaluation of midazolam and propofol in different combinations for clinical anaesthesia in dogs

Thirty six clinical cases of dogs of either sex of different breeds and 2–8 yr of age and weighing 10–25 kg were used to study the effects of midazolam and propofol anaesthesia in different combinations. Different induction and recovery parameters, quality of anaesthesia and effect on different clinicophysiological, haematobiochemical and haemodynamic parameters were studied. Based on the results, it is concluded that midazolam 0.5 mg/kg b.wt, i.v. serves as a good tranquilizer for short duration and can be used as an adjunct to local analgesia for minor surgical operations. Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg b.wt for tranquilization and a mixture of propofol and midazolam (1:2 v/v) for maintenance is better for balanced anaesthesia in dogs, which can easily be practised in various clinical/surgical procedures of various duration.
A new method for the estimation of the number of motor units in a muscle

A new method, incorporating on-line computer analysis, is described for the estimation of the numbers of motor units in human muscle. The results obtained in the extensor digitorum brevis muscle in normal subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis are presented. These indicate that the numbers of motor units in that muscle in patients with myasthenia gravis are within the normal range, in contrast with the reduction in numbers reported by other workers using a different technique. Evidence is presented to suggest that the discrepancy in these results is due to increased sensitivity and discrimination of the computerized method. Several hypotheses on the aetiology of a number of neuromuscular diseases, based on the results of the other method, may require reevaluation.
Adult Sex Offenders on Community Supervision

Sex offenders present challenges to treatment providers and probation officers. This article reviews recent developments in assessing risk and gauging their treatment progress. Probation departments in many jurisdictions have recently created specialized sex offender programs that provide intensive supervision and treatment. This article also reviews studies that have carefully evaluated these new probation strategies. In addition, it surveys the literature on treatment effectiveness and the predictors of treatment failure. Finally, the current article discusses directions for future research and implications for professional practice.
A Pilot Study of Job Burnout among Hospital-Based Occupational Therapists

Job-related stress over a prolonged period may lead to feelings of exhaustion, commonly referred to as burnout. Little is known, however, about the prevalence of such conditions among occupational therapists. This study addressed the following general research questions: Is burnout a significant problem among hospital-based registered occupational therapists (OTRs)? Is the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) an appropriate instrument for measuring burnout of OTRs? Do specific OTR subgroups score differently on the measures of burnout? To gather exploratory data in this area, the MBI and a demographic sheet were administered to 135 hospital-based OTRs employed in Virginia. Findings suggested that the OTR respondents experienced moderate levels of burnout. Managers/supervisors, OTRs employed in government-owned facilities, OTRs employed in general hospitals, and OTRs treating patients included under the Medicare Prospective Payment System experienced significantly higher levels of burnout than those in other settings. The MBI appeared to be the best available instrument for measuring burnout; however, norms should be established for the occupational therapy profession.
Usefulness of Postcontrast T2-Weighted Images in Shortening the Total Scan Time of a Gadoxectic Acid Enhanced MRI of the Liver: a Comparison between Precontrast and Postcontrast T2-Weighted Images

Purpose: We evaluated the effects of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) on the overall image quality and lesion contrast of T2-weighted images (T2WI). Materials and Methods: We reviewed T2WI before and after Gd-EOB-DTPA enhancement in 50 patients with 41 focal liver lesions. Pre- and post-contrast T2WI were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. For the qualitative analysis, two abdominal radiologists, blinded to other findings in the study, retrospectively scored the image quality, lesion conspicuity, and artifacts. The quantitative analysis involved the measurement of the liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Results: Image quality and lesion conspicuity were not significantly different among the respiratory-triggered T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence (T2TSE), Half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequence, and breath-hold T2-weighted gradient recalled-echo (GRE) sequences. However, there was a trend toward improved lesion conspicuity in post-contrast T2TSE. The quantitative analysis indicated that the SNR for post-contrast images was significantly higher than for pre-contrast images on T2TSE (p=0.04). No significant differences were seen in the CNR of focal lesions, but there was a trend towards an increase in the CNR for postcontrast T2WI of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: Compared to pre-contrast T2WI, post-contrast T2WI showed no handicap in the overall image quality and lesion contrast. Therefore, to shorten the total scan time during Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI, pre-contrast T2WI can be replaced by post-contrast T2WI.
How law students utilize information resources: A case study of the University of Benin, Benin City

This is a case study of how undergraduate law students of University of Benin, Benin City make use of information resources. The objective of the study is to understand how male and female law undergraduate students acquire their information, the resources employed and to what purpose information is sought. The researcher adopted a descriptive survey technique. The sample consisted of 230 undergraduate law students randomly selected from the first to fifth year of study. Their information seeking activities were tested to discover how undergraduate law students utilize information resources. The study found that there is only a slight difference in how male and female undergraduate law students use information resources and that the need to compliment lecture notes rank highest in the information need of the students. The study recommends formal training in the use of information resources will significantly improve the pattern of both information use and search. Key words: Information resources, law, students, University, Nigeria.