Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of 15 Macrobrachium nipponense populations in Poyang Lake based on microsatellite analysis

By the method of microsatellite analysis,an investigation was conducted on the genetic diversity of 15 wild populations of oriental river prawn(Macrobrachium nipponense) in Poyang Lake.The 10 microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic,and a total of 129 alleles were detected.The tests of departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium indicated that at least 5 loci for each population were in significant heterozygosity deficiency.For all the populations,there existed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The 15 populations all showed high genetic diversity;the genetic diversity in Dabawai and Xinchi populations was relatively higher compared with the Wanhu and Hukou populations.Bottleneck effect and mutation-drift equilibrium tests indicated that the M.nipponense populations in the Lake did not suffer bottleneck effect,and had no decline in their quantity in recent time.The FST and AMOVA analysis across all the populations suggested that there was a significant genetic differentiation among the 15 populations(FST=0.04709,P0.01) . This study showed that the M.nipponense populations in Poyang Lake had high genetic diversity,with greater potential for breeding.
Extract urban vegetation coverage based on LSMM and improved FCM: a case study in Haidian District

Vegetation is an important part of urban ecosystem;therefore timely access to vegetation coverage information is of great significance for monitoring urban ecological environment.Linear spectral mixture model(LSMM) was carried out for urban vegetation coverage extraction using medium-resolution Landsat TM remote sensing data.Meanwhile,the fuzzy c-means(FCM) method was chosen to extract vegetation coverage by improving the training sample selection method to obtain the end-member sample based on minimum noise transform(MNF),pixel purity index analysis(PPI),and N-dimensional visualization analysis.Finally,high-resolution SPOT5 remote sensing data extracted in two ways were used to carry out the accuracy test for vegetation coverage.The results showed that the correlation coefficients between the inspection data and LSMM-based and improved FCM-based data were 0.8252 and 0.9381,respectively.It indicated that the improved FCM-based method with higher accuracy can better eliminate the nonlinear effect of other elements.
Speaking Up or Staying Silent? Citizens’ Engagement of Pro-Biafra Protests and Farmers-Herders Crises in the User-generated Content of Selected Nigerian Online Newspapers

The public space provided by the Web 2.0 technologies where citizens freely interact and discuss public issues such as politics, security and national unity is one of the beauties of modern democracy. However, this freedom has produced some counter-value cultures. Existing studies on new media, citizen journalism and political discourse generally have focused largely on citizens’ construction of nationhood, but with scant attention given to how the citizens use the comment sections of the news media to engage issues relating agitation for secession and security issues in Nigeria. This study, therefore, examined how Nigerians used the comment sections of selected Nigerian online newspapers to interact and discuss issues of agitation for secession and Farmers-herders crises in the country with a view to determining how the issues got the citizens to speak up or to stay silent. Textual and quantitative content analyses of the user-generated contents of Sahara Reporters and Premium Times show that generally, majority of the readers were found to be highly hostile towards other readers outside their ethnic groups while negotiating separation issues, but less hostile on the insecurity issues. To create fear of dominance, words within Exonyms classification were predominantly used by the readers while interacting among themselves on the insecurity issues. To evoke a sense marginalization, words within Endonyms category were employed by the readers to discuss issues of agitation for secession. Nigerian government should pay critical attention to the dynamics of the virtual community in its quest to ensure national peace and unity. Keywords: Nigerian online newspapers, User-generated content, Farmers-herders crises, Pro-Biafra Protest, Nigeria’s Unity
The revitalization of service orientation: a business services model

PurposeDue to the convergence of rapid business developments and digitization challenges, service orientation is back on the research agenda as a concept to improve firms’ business services. Yet, little is known about the type of determinants that are relevant and to what degree they affect a firm’s service-oriented strategy.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on structural equation modeling (SEM) and a unique data set of 131 international firms from different continents, the authors identify and analyze the key determinants in the context of a firm’s service-oriented strategy.FindingsThe findings show that in order to cater for changes, organizations have to manage and adapt the coherence of the determinants’ business services, business processes and knowledge sharing continuously. Moreover, the results show that a service-oriented strategy is not only influenced by business services as such, but business services mediate the relationships between business processes, governance and process-aware information systems to a service-oriented strategy.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation is imposed by the limited sample size and the unbalanced response of participants (executive management). In future research, a more extensive survey among a broader group of participants will help the authors to develop their model further in order to generalize the results, as well as more finely grained research related to geography and size might be pursued. Future empirical research is necessary to identify and test the relationships between other constructs and study their effect on a firm’s service-oriented strategy.Practical implicationsOn a practical level, the authors postulate that an organization’s executive management should pay attention to invest in an organizational entity (department) that manages business services continuously. This organizational entity has to ensure that related processes and knowledge sharing are in place to establish and maintain a service-oriented strategy.Originality/valueThis research contributes to service-oriented literature by operationalizing the implementation of an organization’s service-oriented strategy. The authors’ insights go beyond the findings of Aieret al.(2011). The authors found that a service-oriented strategy influences service-oriented project success positively. The authors extended these findings, based on a unique data set, by studying business services and influencing determinants (i.e. business processes, governance, PAIS and knowledge sharing) within the context of service orientation. The renewed attention to the concept of service orientation provides insights into critical determinants that influence the implementation of a service-oriented strategy.
Postharvest quality and functional compounds in "dedo-de-moça" 'BRS Mari' pepper fruit at different stages of maturity

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of "dedo-de-moca" 'BRS Mari' pepper fruits at different maturity stages, and determine the ideal harvest stage for fresh consumption. The pepper plants were grown in the experimental field of Embrapa Hortalicas (Brasilia, DF, Brazil) in 2012, and their fruits were evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 days after anthesis (DAA) to determine the soluble solid content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, color (hue angle and lightness), a, b, and total chlorophyll, total phenolic compounds (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and capsanthin. It was observed that SS content increased until 70 DAA, and TA increased until 50 DAA, with decrease at 80 DAA. The a and total chlorophyll decreased until 60 DAA. Values for chlorophyll b were high until 30 DAA, and then decreased. The values for hue angle and lightness decreased until 60 DAA, indicating a change from green to red in fruits external color, with small changes in color from 60 to 80 DAA. The TPC content increased until 60 DAA, and then small increases occurred until 80 DAA. The AA increased as the fruit ripened, and the capsanthin content increased until 70 DAA. These results indicated that the ideal stage for harvest of the "dedo-de-moca" 'BRS Mari' pepper fruits is at 70 days after anthesis, when they also have a full development of red color in the fruit epidermis.
Microwave Study of a Solar Circular Ribbon Flare

A circular ribbon flare (CRF) SOL2014-12-17T04:51 is studied using the 17/34 GHz maps from the Nobeyama Radioheliograph along with (E)UV and magnetic data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We report the following three findings as important features of the microwave CRF. (1) The first preflare activation comes in the form of a gradual increase of the 17 GHz flux without a counterpart at 34 GHz, which indicates thermal preheating. The first sign of nonthermal activity occurs in the form of stepwise flux increases at both 17 and 34 GHz about 4 minutes before the impulsive phase. (2) Until the impulsive phase, the microwave emission over the entire active region is in a single polarization state matching the magnetic polarity of the surrounding fields. During and after the impulsive phase, the sign of the 17 GHz polarization state reverses in the core region, which implies a magnetic breakout–type eruption in a fan–spine magnetic structure. (3) The 17 GHz flux around the time of the eruption shows quasi-periodic variations with periods of 1–2 minutes. The pre-eruption oscillation is more obvious in total intensity at one end of the flare loop, and the post-eruption oscillation, more obvious in the polarized intensity at a region near the inner spine. We interpret this transition as transfer of oscillatory power from kink mode oscillation to torsional Alfvén waves propagating along the spine field after the eruption. We argue that these three processes are interrelated and indicate a breakout process in a fan–spine structure.
Regular ArticleVariation of allozyme loci in endemic gammarids of Lake Baikal

The outstandingly rich and highly endemic fauna of Lake Baikal includes more than 200 species of gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda), most of which occur only in Baikal. Allelic variation at 23 enzyme loci has been studied for the first time in four species of Baikalian gammarids. The levels of polymorphism are similar to those observed in other invertebrates, including gammarids: c. 20-25% of the loci are polymorphic with 2.53 to 3.3 alleles and mean heterozygosity of 0.048 to 0.105 per polymorphic locus. The genotype frequencies in local populations in most cases markedly deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with a deficiency of heterozygotes. Populations were shown to be strongly subdivided even over a range of less than 100 m. On the larger scale genetic differences among the populations do not show any strong correlation with geographical separation. Genetic distances among species were found to be rather low: from 0.159 between closely related, but morphologically clearly distinct species of the genus Spinacanthus to 0.546 between the representatives of different genera. We discuss these patterns of population structure with respect to the problem of the origin of endemic faunas in ancient lakes. Our results suggest that speciation occurred rapidly and relatively recently. Genetic distances within and among species support models of speciation based on the founder effect or differentiation of a peripheral population rather than on divergence of large subpopulations. The rate of morphological evolution in Balkalian gammarids is very high compared with their biochemical evolution.
4-H Youth Participation In Leadership Development Activities: A Tri-State Study

Participation in youth programs provides young people the opportunity to work with other youth and adults, set goals and priorities, accept responsibility, and participate in planning, decisionmaking and evaluation (Dept. HEW, 1977). The mission of the 4-H program is “to help youth and volunteers in their development through educational programs using the knowledge base of the land grant universities of the United States. ” (USDA, 1986). Commitment to the mission involves supporting specific program objectives including helping youth develop leadership capabilities, personal standards and values, positive self concepts, and effective communication skills. (USDA, 1986, p. 5). A general perception prevails that participation in a variety of activities or programs such as public speaking or holding office develops leadership life skills and understanding. The question remains How accurate is this perception?
Impact of International Trade on the Growth of the Nigerian Economy

The paper examined the impact of international trade on economic growth in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, net-export (NEX) and foreign exchange rate (EXR) on the growth of the Nigerian economy (GDP). Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) multiple regression analysis technique was employed to estimate the various data collected via the central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin covering the period of 1980 to2018. The results showed that all the explanatory variables except exchange rate were positively linked with economic growth. More so, all the explanatory variables were statistically significant with economic growth except net export. The Durbin Watson statistics value of 1.81 suggested that the explanatory variables in the model are not serially correlated. Thus, the model is good for policy implementation. Based on the findings, the paper recommended that; Government should maintain a good market driven exchange rate policy in order to encourage local production that will lead to increase in international competiveness which in turn will result to increase in economic growth. Also, government should implement efficient and specific macroeconomic policy geared toward improving safe business environment that will attract more foreign investment in order to increase the growth of the Nigerian economy.
The Effect of Keywords Used on Content Attraction in Complex Networks

To understand complex networks like online social networks (OSNs), one must explore them. This gives a partial view of the real object, which is generally assumed to be representative of the whole, like an ice-berg. OSNs are growing rapidly, not only in the number of users they attract, but also in the mass of data produced in a short period of time. Once created, the data attracts the attention of other users, who interact with it. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of keywords used on content attraction, through an analysis of the attrac-tion’s different modes as well as the nature of the interactions of the different communities. The study concerns a crucial topic: the environment and climate change. This paper looks at the keywords used on Twitter and their impact on the interactions of different users for this complex network.
A ug 2 01 2 A direct measurement of the baryonic mass function of galaxies & implications for the galactic baryon fraction

We use both an HI-selected and an optically-selected galaxy sample to directly measure the abundance of galaxies as a function of their “baryonic” mass (stars + atomic gas). Stellar masses are calculated based on optical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and atomic gas masses are calculated using atomic hydrogen (HI) emission line data from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey. By using the technique of abundance matching, we combine the measured baryonic function (BMF) of galaxies with the dark matter halo mass function in a ΛCDM universe, in order to determine the galactic baryon fraction as a function of host halo mass. We find that the baryon fraction of lowmass halos is much smaller than the cosmic value, even when atomic gas is taken into account. We find that the galactic baryon deficit increases monotonically with decreasing halo mass, in contrast with previous studies which suggested an approximately constant baryon fraction at the low-mass end. We argue that the observed baryon fractions of low mass halos cannot be explained by reionization heating alone, and that additional feedback mechanisms (e.g. supernova blowout) must be invoked. However, the outflow rates needed to reproduce our result are not easily accommodated in the standard picture of galaxy formation in a ΛCDM universe.
Photosynthetic Characteristic and Assimilate Distribution in Super Hybrid Rice Liangyoupeijiu at Late Growth Stage

Using hybrid rice cultivars Shanyou63 and Liangyoupeijiu as the experimental materials, photosynthetic rate, PSⅡ photochemical efficiency, the indexes of metabolism of active oxygen and 14CO 2 assimilate distribution were measured. In comparison with Shanyou63 at late development stage, Liangyoupeijiu was of higher photosynthetic capacy under different light intensity, the decrease of primary photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the increase of O · 2 generation rate and MDA content were relatively less under the stress condition, which demonstrated that Liangyoupeijiu was of tolerance to photoinhibition and photooxidation. Transport rate and distribution ratio of photosynthetic assimilate to ear were all-higher, which indicated that Liangyoupeijiu have better cordination of source-sink in terms of the studies on photosynthetic assimilate using isotope. The above photosynthetic characteristics and assimilate distribution is possibly the physiological basis of superhigh yield in hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu.
Analysis of cytochrome b gene of takin and its phylogeny

Aim To analyze takin's phylogeny in order to solve the argument about the relationship between takin and muskox.Methods The cytochrome b genes(1140bp) from takin,sheep and goat were amplified and sequenced.Analyzing the sequence divergence of 9 species of Artiodactyla and 1 specie of Perissodactyla,two phylogenetic trees were built based on the divergence.Some gene sequences were searched and obtained from Genbank.Results The genetic relationship between takin and the species of Caprine was found to be closer(9.085%~11.652% sequence divergence) than that between takin and other related animals(12.344%~23.333% sequence divergence). The sequence divergence between takin and muskox was 13.658%. The time when divergent phylogenetic event occurred for takin and sheep was about 3.6 million years ago,but for takin and muskox was about 5.5 million years ago.Conclusion Placing takin under Caprinae seems more reasonable.Similarities of takin and muskox in behavior and morphology might be attributed to convergent evolution.
Effects of NT-6 antimicrobial lipopeptide on growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei and Vibrio number during breeding process

To evaluate the effects of natto antimicrobial lipopeptide on growth promoting of Litopenaeus vannamei and inhibition of Vibrio during breeding process of shrimps, authors added 0 mg/kg(group A0), 50 mg/kg(group A1), 100 mg/kg(group A2) and 200 mg/kg(group A3) NT-6 antibacterial lipopeptide into the basic diet, fed the L. vannamei with average weight 4.10(±0.10) g for 3 weeks, measured and calculated the index of growth and morphology of shrimp, the number of V.parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus of experimental groups and control group in water and shrimp body before and after the contaimination, and observed the death rate of shrimp in all experimental groups and control group after they were infected, and calculated the survival rate of shrimp. The results showed that adding a certain amount of NT-6 antimicrobial peptide in the feed could significantly promote the growth of L. vannamei and inhibit the growth of Vibrio in water and shrimp, and growth promoting and antimicrobial effects of A2group(100 mg/kg) was the best.
Gaps in Early Child Cognitive Development: Why Are They Larger in the United States Than in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada?

Previous research has documented significantly larger income-related gaps in children’s early cognitive development in the United States than in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. In this study, we investigate the extent to which this is a result of a more unequal income distribution in the United States. We show that although incomes are more unequal in the United States than elsewhere, a given difference in real income is associated with larger gaps in child test scores there than in the three other countries. In particular, high-income families in the United States appear to translate the same amount of financial resources into greater cognitive advantages relative to the middle-income group than those in the other countries studied. We compare inequalities in other kinds of family characteristics and show that higher income levels are disproportionately concentrated among families with advantageous demographic characteristics in the United States. Our results underline the fact that the same degree of income inequality can translate into different disparities in child development, depending on the distribution of other family resources.
Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen in Meat and Brine During Marinating of Herring

ABSTRACT The content of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) is highly determined by the variety of raw material, freezing, salt, and acetic acid concentrations, and therefore the effect of these factors on marinated herring quality was determined in this study. A higher TVB-N content was determined in marinades from fillets than from carcasses and from frozen than fresh herrings. An increase in salt concentration from 5 to 15% reduced the content of TVB-N to a greater extent than the increase in acid concentration from 3 to 8%. However, the increase in salt concentration above 11–13% or of acid above 5% in brine did not result in any significant decrease of meat TVB-N value. The brine TVB-N content was significantly correlated with meat TVB-N and was higher than in meat. The best freshness indicators were NH3-N and tyrosine in brine, which can be deemed more universal indicators of the freshness of marinated herring meat. The diffusion from meat to brine was found to significantly decrease the meat TVB-N value and potentially increase marinated meat quality. Therefore, the removal of TVB-N from fish, via changing the brine several times, may be a better option than increasing the concentration of salt/acetic acid in marinating brine.
Factorization in commutative Banach algebras

Let A be a (non-unital) commutative Banach algebra. We consider when A has a variety of factorization properties: we list the (ob-vious) implications between these properties, and then consider whether any of these implications can be reversed in various classes of commu-tative Banach algebras. We summarize the known counterexamples to these possible reverse implications, and add further counterexamples. Some results are used to show the existence of a large family of prime ideals in each non-zero, commutative, radical Banach algebra with a dense set of products.