Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subtle direct effects of rising atmospheric CO2 on insect eggs

Ocean acidification is an important consequence of rising levels of atmospheric CO2. The chemistry of acidification is, however, general and may disturb pH in terrestrial systems. The present study examines the effects of rising CO2 on insect eggs, which may be vulnerable to acidification because they are small, have (at least initially) poorly developed physiological systems, and support important developmental events. Newly‐laid eggs of the moth Manduca sexta are exposed to levels of CO2 between 0 and 2200 p.p.m. , in air, and effects on yolk pH, total developmental time, and survival are measured. Altered CO2 has no effect, over several hours, on the pH of egg yolk, suggesting that yolk fluids are well buffered. By contrast, there is a large developmental change in yolk pH. Eggs exposed to eight different levels of CO2 for the duration of development show a small but significant parabolic response in development time. Eggs develop fastest at intermediate levels of CO2, between 400 and 1200 p.p.m. , and slower at 0, 1600 and 2000 p.p.m. These results suggest that future rises in CO2 may not have strong direct effects on insect development.
Avaliação da inoculação de rizóbio e adubação nitrogenada no desenvolvimento do feijoeiro, sob sistema plantio direto

A associacao de inoculante e aplicacao de nitrogenio pode ser um fator favoravel para aumentar a produtividade de graos de feijao (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Assim, avaliou-se o efeito da inoculacao de sementes com Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli em diferentes niveis de nitrogenio aplicado na semeadura (0 e 10 kg ha-1) e em cobertura (0, 25, 50 e 75 kg ha-1), durante dois anos de cultivo. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x2x4, com quatro repeticoes. O solo do local e LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrofico argiloso. A inoculacao proporcionou em media de dois cultivos, incremento superior a 17 % na produtividade de graos. O nitrogenio aplicado no sulco de semeadura proporcionou maior produtividade de graos em 2003. A adubacao nitrogenada em cobertura aumentou linearmente a produtividade em 3,1 e 3,7 kg de graos de feijao por kg de nitrogenio aplicado, respectivamente no primeiro (2002) e segundo ano de cultivo (2003).
ASTROCYTOMA, MIMICKING ANGIOMATOUS MENINGIOMA

A brain collision tumor represents two coexisting primary tumors in one and the same region. Most commonly occurs a collision tumor comprising a meningioma and glioma. Case presentation: We report a case of a brain tumor in 57-years old woman. The initial histological analysis of the surgically removed tumor formation suggested the coexistence of angiomatous meningioma and astrocytoma collision tumor in the same patient. The subsequent careful review of the histological result with performing of immunohistochemical staining (GFAP) proved the existence of only one tumor astrocytoma grade II. Conclusions: In addition to the coexistence of these two types of brain tumors or their consistent occurrence in the same patient, we conclude that are possible diagnostic difficulties in cases of superficial fibrillary diffuse astrocytomas and angiomatous meningiomas. The accurate diagnosis requires careful consideration of the stromal vascular and fibrillary components of tumor parenchyma. Additional immunohistochemical investigations can be crucial for the diagnosis.
Epidemiological and molecular investigations on antibiotic resistance in Group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli

GBS strains collected from 221 asymptomatic pregnant women (35 37 weeks of gestation) and clinical strains collected from 838 patients with GBS infection in Korea from 2006-2008 were tested for susceptibility to four fluoroquinolones: norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. 8.9 % 8.1 % and 0.8 %, of GBS were resistant to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin respectively and ~ 93% of GBS strains were resistant to norfloxacin using EUCAST 2009 and 2011 guidelines. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin increased between 2006 to 2008. All strains were susceptible to penicillin. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance were higher in clinical strains of GBS isolated from infections compared to colonizing strains isolated from pregnant women. Mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrase and topoisomerase were detected in strains resistant to ciprofloxacin,
Rhopalurus caribensis, is a synonym of Rhopalurus laticauda (Scorpiones, Buthidae)

Rhopalurus caribensis Teruel & Roncallo, 2008 (n. syn.) is synonymized with R. laticauda Thorell, 1876, based on a review of morphological variations of characters listed by Roncallo and Teruel (2008). The biogeographic assumption presented by Teruel & Roncallo (2008) as an argument to justify the description of R. caribensis is refuted.
Photosynthetic responses of 13 grassland species across 11 years of free‐air CO2 enrichment is modest, consistent and independent of N supply

If long‐term responses of photosynthesis and leaf diffusive conductance to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are similar or predictably different among species, functional types, and ecosystem types, general global models of elevated CO2 effects can effectively be developed. To address this issue we measured gas exchange rates of 13 perennial grassland species from four functional groups across 11 years of long‐term free‐air CO2 enrichment (eCO2, +180 ppm above ambient CO2) in the BioCON experiment in Minnesota, USA. Eleven years of eCO2 produced consistent but modest increases in leaf net photosynthetic rates of 10% on average compared with plants grown at ambient CO2 concentrations across the 13 species. This eCO2‐induced enhancement did not depend on soil N treatment, is much less than the average across other longer‐term studies, and represents strong acclimation (i.e. downregulation) as it is also much less than the instantaneous response to eCO2. The legume and C3 nonlegume forb species were the most responsive among the functional groups (+13% in each), the C4 grasses the least responsive (+4%), and C3 grasses intermediate in their photosynthetic response to eCO2 across years (+9%). Leaf stomatal conductance and nitrogen content declined comparably across species in eCO2 compared with ambient CO2 and to degrees corresponding to results from other studies. The significant acclimation of photosynthesis is explained in part by those eCO2‐induced decreases in leaf N content and stomatal conductance that reduce leaf photosynthetic capacity in plants grown under elevated compared with ambient CO2 concentrations. Results of this study, probably the longest‐term with the most species, suggest that carbon cycle models that assume and thereby simulate long‐lived strong eCO2 stimulation of photosynthesis (e.g.> 25%) for all of Earth's terrestrial ecosystems should be viewed with a great deal of caution.
Evidence for divergence and adaptive isolation in post-glacially derived bimodal allopatric and sympatric rainbow smelt populations

The roles of ecological speciation and reinforcement in the formation of contemporary diversity remain contentious. In the present study, we contrast phenotypic and molecular divergence within morphologically diverged bimodal sympatric and allopatric pairs of rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax. We hypothesize that, in sympatry, evidence of selection associated with resource partitioning will be visible through strong divergence, reinforcement, and greater character displacement. Parallel morphological divergence was observed between the two trophic forms (macrophagous and microphagous), with several examples of greater trait divergence in sympatry than allopatry. Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis indicated no association between historical clades and morphology; however, Bayesian clustering using microsatellites supported the isolation of these morphs under both allopatry and sympatry. Estimates of genetic isolation were one order of magnitude lower than measures of morphological divergence, consistent with a hypothesis of strong contemporary selection. Using experimental crosses, we obtained similar rates of fertilization success among the allopatric hybrid and pure crosses; whereas, in the sympatric hybrid crosses, fertilization rates dropped by 30-50%, suggesting a clear role for reinforcement through prezygotic incompatibilities. The present study supports the hypothesis that processes of post-glacial radiation and diversification differ between sympatry and allopatry, and indicates a role for reinforcement and ecological processes in recent sympatric diversification.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α Regulates the Expression of Pancreatic β-Cell Genes Implicated in Glucose Metabolism and Nutrient-induced Insulin Secretion*

Mutations in the HNF4α gene are associated with the subtype 1 of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY1), which is characterized by impaired insulin secretory response to glucose in pancreatic β-cells. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a transcription factor critical for liver development and hepatocyte-specific gene expression. However, the role of HNF4α in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell gene expression and its correlation with metabolism secretion coupling have not been previously investigated. The tetracycline-inducible system was employed to achieve tightly controlled expression of both wild type (WT) and dominant-negative mutant (DN) of HNF4α in INS-1 cells. The induction of WT-HNF4α resulted in a left shift in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas DN-HNF4α selectively impaired nutrient-stimulated insulin release. Induction of DN-HNF4α also caused defective mitochondrial function substantiated by reduced [14C]pyruvate oxidation, attenuated substrate-evoked mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, and blunted nutrient-generated cellular ATP production. Quantitative evaluation of HNF4α-regulated pancreatic β-cell gene expression revealed altered mRNA levels of insulin, glucose transporter-2, L-pyruvate kinase, aldolase B, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 subunit, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2. The patterns of HNF4α-regulated gene expression are strikingly similar to that of its downstream transcription factor HNF1α. Indeed, HNF4α changed the HNF1α mRNA levels and HNF1α promoter luciferase activity through altered HNF4α binding. These results demonstrate the importance of HNF4α in β-cell metabolism-secretion coupling.
Association of plasmid typing to biotyping and antibiotyping in the characterization of outbreaks by Acinetobacter baumannii

Durante um surto ocorrido de abril a setembro de 1994 em um Hospital Universitario, dezesseis cepas de Acinetobacter baumannii foram isoladas de pacientes e uma de solucao enteral. Nos posteriormente analizamos as cepas isoladas durante o surto pelos seguintes metodos de tipagem : perfil de DNA plasmidial, perfil de antibiograma e biotipagem. Dois padroes de tipagem foram identificados pela analise do perfil plasmidial. Doze cepas foram caracterizadas como sendo do biotipo 2, e cinco do biotipo 19. O padrao de sensibilidade a amicacina e a carbenicilina possibilitou a classificacao das cepas em dois grupos. Os resultados demonstraram que estes tres metodos de tipagem associados possibilitaram a diferenciacao do que primeiramente foi considerado como um unico surto, em dois surtos aparentemente nao relacionados.
MICROBIAL PATTERN AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST IN SEMEN GRESIK HOSPITAL 2012

Microbial pattern and antibiotic susceptibility test in the hospital are needed as surveilance, pattern of antibiotic use, and infectioncontrol program. The microbial pattern and antibiotic susceptibility test are used as tools for hospital management to regulate theuse of antibiotics and for taking actions to control hospital infection. This research purposes to obtain the microbial pattern andsusceptibility test in Semen Gresik Hospital during January- December 2012. This was a descriptive study, data were obtainedfrom the patients’ medical records in the Semen Gresik Hospital. There were 385 culture examinations from 337 patients. Out ofthese, 230 cultures showed growth, 100 isolates (44.5%) were Gram(+) and 130 isolates (56.5%) were Gram (-). Abscessspecimens, showed Escherichia sp. (32 isolates)is the most common bacteria. In blood cultures found Staphylococcus epidermidis (7isolates). Sputum cultures showed Escherichia sp. (5 isolates) and from throat swabs, Streptococcus viridans, Enterobacter, andEscherichia sp. were found. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that Pipemidic acid and Amoxicillin were the mostresistant antibiotics while Phenems, Aminoglycoside and Fosfomycin, still showed a high susceptibility. Escherichia sp. , Escherichiacoli and CONS were the most found microbes in this culture examination. Pipemidic acid and Amoxicillin were the mostresistant antibiotics while Phenems, Aminoglycoside and Fosfomycin, still showed a high susceptibility. (FMI 2014;50 37-42)
A virtual seed file: the use of multispectral image analysis in the management of genebank seed accessions

We present a method for multispectral seed phenotyping as a fast and robust tool for managing genebank accessions. A multispectral vision system was used to take images of the seeds of 20 diverse varieties of rice (approximately 30 seeds for each variety). This was followed by extraction of feature information from the images. Multivariate analysis of the feature data was used to classify seed phenotypes according to accession. The proportion of correctly classified rice seeds was 93%. We conclude that the multispectral image analysis could play a role in comparing incoming seeds against existing accessions, identifying different seed types within a sample of seeds and/or in checking whether regenerated seeds match the original seeds.
EFFECT OF JATROPHA TANJORENSIS LEAVES SUPPLEMENT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF SOME ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES, VITAMINS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN RATS

This study evaluated the effect of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves supplements on the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin E, vitamin C and malondialdehyde in male albino rats of the Wistar strain. Nutritional oxidative stress was induced in these animals by using low protein diet. The results showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde level in the rats fed the leaves supplemented diet with significant increase (P < 0.05) in the concentrations of vitamin C and vitamin E relative to controls. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the rats fed the low protein diet while these parameters were increased (P < 0.05) in the rats fed the leaves supplements as compared with control values. The study therefore suggests that J. tanjorensis leaves may have anti-oxidative potential against reactive oxygen species that are produced in protein energy malnutrition. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Nutritional oxidative stress, especially in protein energy malnutrition (PEM), is characterized by increase in the production of reactive oxygen species due to an imbalance between the prooxidant load and the antioxidant defense system. Nevertheless, numerous studies have shown that increased dietary intake of antioxidants from fruits and vegetables may diminish the risk for most degenerative diseases. The results from this in vivo study also suggest that Jatropha tanjorensis leaves possess antioxidative effect in rats exposed to nutritional oxidative stress using a low protein diet. This was a preliminary study which validates local claims that the plant leaves possess therapeutic property. The plant leaves may form part of the first-line food supplement employed in the reduction of nutritional oxidative stress that is produced in PEM, by enhancing the anti-oxidant defense system and providing nutritional support for growth and development during the early stages of rehabilitation.
Supplementation of β-mannanase to starter and grower diets for broilers

Kong, C. , Lee, J. H. and Adeola, O. 2011. Supplementation of β-mannanase to starter and grower diets for broilers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 389-397. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of β-mannanase on ileal nutrient digestibility, total tract utilization of dry matter (DM), N, energy, and apparent metabolizable energy (AME, exp. 1), and growth performance (exp. 2) of birds fed practical corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based diets. In each experiment, 192 male broilers were assigned to four diets arranged in a 2×2 factorial of energy level [corn-SBM-based diet that met or exceeded NRC nutrient requirements (AE) or low energy (LE) diet containing 100 kcal of ME kg-1 less than the AE diet] and enzyme supplementation (with or without β-mannanase) for 21 d. Supplementing the diet with β-mannanase increased the birds' apparent ileal DM digestibility of the experimental diets (P<0.05), whereas there was no effect of energy level. Neither β-mannanase supplementation nor energy level had any effect on apparent ileal digestibility of any of the amino acids. The interaction between enzyme and energy levels was not significant for any criteria measured in the excreta except for DM (P=0.05). Addition of β-mannanase improved (P<0.01) the apparent total tract utilization of DM and energy in the broilers, and there was the same trend (P=0.06) for N utilization. Supplementing the diet with β-mannanase also improved the AME and AMEn of diets by 4.6 and 5.0%, respectively. For all growth performance responses in exp. 2, the interaction between enzyme and energy levels was not significant. During the starter period (day 2 to 22 post-hatch), β-mannanase supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased the body weight (BW) gain of birds. During the grower period (day 22 to 44 post-hatch) and for the overall period there was no significant difference in BW gain or feed intake of birds regardless of energy level and β-mannanase supplementation. There were no dietary effects on feed efficiency of birds during the starter and the grower periods, whereas the birds fed AE diets had higher feed efficiency (P<0.01) than the birds fed LE diets. The results indicate that supplementing with β-mannanase may improve gain and energy utilization of broilers, whereas it may not affect ileal amino acid digestibility.
Is the bark beetle Trypodendron leave (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) an alien pest in the Czech Republic and Poland?

Trypodendron laeve has a disjunctive distribution and was unknown until recently in most of Europe, where it is now considered by some sources to be an alien pest. The abundance of all four Trypodendron species in Europe (T. laeve, lineatum, domesticum, and signatum) was monitored with traps containing the aggregation pheromone lineatin, which attracts all four species, in 70to 100-year-old Norway spruce stands in 10 study areas (seven in the Czech Republic and three in Poland). Pheromone-baited, black, window-slot traps (Theysohn, Germany) were deployed (1 to 5 per site) from mid-March/ early-April to late-May/early-June. Three Trypodendron species were captured (20,040 beetles). T. lineatum was the most abundant (n = 16,922), followed by T. laeve (n = 2,686) and T. domesticum (L.) (n = 432); T. signatum was not detected. T. laeve was detected in three of seven study areas in the Czech Republic over the 3 years of monitoring. Although T. laeve had been detected in Poland during preliminary monitoring in 1988, it was not detected in the three study areas in Poland in the current study. The abundances of T. laeve males and females did not significantly differ in the Czech Republic. The abundance of T. lineatum was correlated with the abundance of T. laeve in the same traps. Although T. laeve has an extensive distribution, its abundance is generally low. Because the species is widely distributed in Europe, there is no practical reason to consider it alien pest in this region.
Auricularia thailandica sp. nov . ( Auriculariaceae , Auriculariales ) a widely distributed species from Southeastern Asia

Auricularia is an important genus among the jelly fungi due to its popular consumption and medicinal properties. A new species of Auricularia , A. thailandica is described from fresh collections made from the Philippines, Thailand and Southern China based on morphological and molecular characters. Auricularia thailandica differs from other species by having short and loosely arranged abhymenial hairs on the basidiomata and in the different size of the zones in a cross section of the basidiomata. The species is found to be widely distributed in Southeastern Asia. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The new species is introduced with full description and illustrations.
Impatiens tianlinensis (Balsaminaceae) , a new species from Guangxi, China

Impatiens tianlinensis S. X. Yu & L. J. Zhang, a new species of the Balsaminaceae from Cenwang Laoshan Mountain, Tianlin County, Guangxi Region, is described and illustrated. This species closely resembles I. apalophylla and I. clavigera var. auriculata in having racemose inflorescences, 4 lateral sepals, hammer-shaped capsules and ellipsoid seeds, but differs in having sessile glanduliferous petioles, few-flowered inflorescences, incurved spur, yellow lower sepal without reddish patches, yellowish petals and lower sepal, and acuminate dorsal petal apex. The molecular data, from nuclear ribosomal and plastid genes, as well as pollen characters also support that the species is new to science.
Alternative Permanent States of Ecological Communities

The states to which multispecies communities can tend has been an important issue to ecology, but one in which rather little progress has been made at a theoretical level through lack of a tractable global theory of the dynamics. This paper explores the use of a global theory called "permanence" that indicates whether the boundary of a phase space is a repellor to orbits in the phase space. The theory is used to try to identify, at a qualitative level, the states to which solutions tend in the phase space of an arbitrary pool of species. We define a "permanent state" of the pool as a subset of the species that is permanent in its own right and univadable by any other species from the pool. A simple assembly rule for communities that stems from this is that no permanent state can be a subset of another. Data on coexistence of drosophilid species and also on that of cuckoo doves, although incomplete, are consistent with this rule. A method is given for finding the permanent states of pools of species with Lotka—Volterra dynamics. Some properties of permanent states are illustrated by means of numerical examples from regional pools of species generated with Lotka—Volterra dynamics. These examples show three kinds of dynamics: a single permanent state, two or more alternative permanent state in which none are subsets of others, and an absence of any permanent states. The statistical distribution of these outcomes in pools of four and five species indicates that a single permanent state is the most likely one to occur, but that alternative states become more probable as the number of interactions among species increases. The implications of these results for understanding and modelling the process of succession driven by population dynamics are discussed.