Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tool-Driven Revolutions in Archaeological Science

There is an argument in philosophy of science that revolutions in science are either ideas-driven or tool-driven. We explore this debate in light of recent efforts by many scientific disciplines to embrace methods to improve the reproducibility of their research. One of the most profound changes driven by this concern for reproducibility and transparency is from analysing data using tools dependent on pointing-and-clicking with a mouse in commercial software, to a new set of tools based on writing scripts in free and open source programming languages. We present bibliometric evidence for this change in the sciences generally and in archaeology in particular to test if the adoption of these new tools may be considered a revolution or some other process. We identify a citation effect for papers that use code. We discuss how computational approaches to improving reproducibility and transparency in archaeology are mediated and transformed by the use of code.
Post-radiation pelvic sarcomas after radiotherapy treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma -

Background: The number of publications reporting the appearance of post-radiation secondary tumors has increased in parallel with the development of radiotherapy. However, little information is available about the presence of sarcomas associated with prostate radiotherapy. Objective: To review cases of pelvic sarcoma associated with prostate radiotherapy in a tertiary hospital. Methods: Following the criteria established by Cahan, 11 pelvic sarcoma patients with a history of radiotherapy treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma between the years 2006 to 2016 were identified. A descriptive study was designed to review the characteristics of patients, tumors, therapy administered, and its effect on the outcome of the cancer. Results: The average age of patients upon diagnosis was 72.27 years (60-79), with an average latency time of 6.27 years (4-9 years) between radiotherapy and diagnosis of sarcoma. The mean radiotherapy dose was 74Gy (70-78). The most common location of the sarcoma was regions II-III of the pelvic girdle (72%), followed by the pelvic cavity. The main histological type was undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (54%); two patients presented metastases at the time of diagnosis. In total, 81.8% of patients were treated surgically with curative intent, and of these, seven received adjuvant chemotherapy. Mean follow-up was 14 months, with a two-year survival rate of 18.2%. Conclusion: Given the poor prognosis of post-radiation pelvic sarcomas, efforts must be made to establish protocols for early diagnosis and to develop aggressive, standardized treatment guidelines.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL NURSE IN HOSPITAL

I Infection Prevention and Control Nurse (IPCN) has an essential role in preventing and controlling infections in hospitals. IPCN's role has been developed to optimize the prevention and monitoring of infection in hospitals. Some countries such as Korea, the United Kingdom, Ireland have developed graduate program nurse control specialists by obtained needs for particular science that can deal with hospital conditions, specifically related to the prevention of infection and care of infectious patients. This case study aims to identify and analyze IPCN's optimization of IPCN in conducting infection prevention and control in a government hospital in Jakarta, which is also a national referral center hospital. Data collection was done by observing the daily activity of the IPCN, reviewing IPCN's role by focus group discussion with nine out of ten IPCNs, and interviewing the nurse committees and director of nursing. The results obtained indicate that the implementation of the functions and roles of IPCN cannot be carried out maximally. This is because, in addition to serving as IPCN, IPCN was also involved in the activities carried out by the unit as well as the implementation of wide surveillance hospitals by the Hospital Infection Control Committee (HICC). It is recommended to optimize the implementation of the functions and roles of the IPCN through the establishment of IPCN competency guidelines aimed at improving IPCN competency standards now and in the future, as well as guiding the determination of IPCN's duties and responsibilities to be more maximal in preventing and controlling infections. Keywords: Hand Hygiene, IPCN, Infection Prevention, and Control, Infection Control
Endophthalmitis After Vitrectomy Surgery: A Case–Control Analysis

Purpose: To identify risk factors associated with endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery. Methods: All eyes that presented with endophthalmitis after PPV from 2005 to 2015 in a community-based vitreoretinal subspecialty practice were evaluated using a retrospective nested case–control study. Exclusion criteria were presentation more than 6 weeks post-PPV, less than 3 months of follow-up, history of globe trauma, age less than 18, and history of trabeculectomy surgery. Controls were randomly selected among a population of patients who underwent PPV and did not develop endophthalmitis. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate the following perioperative risk factors: use of sclerotomy suture, use of subconjunctival antibiotics, use of endotamponade, presence of postoperative hypotony, and the use of small- versus large-gauge vitrectomy. Results: Thirty-two patients and 150 controls met inclusion criteria. The average time to presentation with endophthalmitis was 5 days after PPV. Endotamponade usage was the only variable that had significant impact on the risk of developing endophthalmitis in univariate and multivariate analyses. The odds ratio of disease in patients with endotamponade over patients without endotamponade was 0.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.06-40); thus, the odds of disease for patients with endotamponade were 85% lower than those without endotamponade. Median visual acuity significantly improved from 20 of 8000 at the time of diagnosis with endophthalmitis to 20 of 50 at 1-year follow-up (P < .001). Conclusion: The use of intraocular endotamponade may reduce the rate of endophthalmitis after PPV surgery.
Practitioner experience meets graduate academic research: How intersections guide the work of returning engineering Ph.D. students

Shanna Daly is an Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan. She has a B.E. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Dayton (2003) and a Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Purdue University (2008). Her research focuses on strategies for design innovations through divergent and convergent thinking as well as through deep needs and community assessments using design ethnography, and translating those strategies to design tools and education. She teaches design and entrepreneurship courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels, focusing on front-end design processes.
Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally linked to educational attainment?

Background Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are at risk of poor educational outcomes. Parental educational attainment has also been associated with risk of ADHD/ASD in the offspring. Despite evidence that ADHD and ASD show genetic links to educational attainment, less is known on the causal nature of the associations and the possible role of IQ. Methods We assessed the total causal effects of genetic liability to ADHD/ASD on educational attainment using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). We assessed the possible contribution of IQ to the identified causal effects by estimating the “direct” effects of ADHD/ASD on educational attainment, independent of IQ, using Multivariable MR (MVMR). Reverse direction analyses were performed. The latest GWAS meta-analyses of ADHD, ASD, educational attainment and IQ were used. Causal effect estimates were generated using inverse variance weighted models (IVW). Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the estimates and the presence of pleiotropy. Results Genetic liability to ADHD had a total (MRIVW:-3.3 months per doubling of liability to ADHD; 95%CI: -4.8 to -1.9; pval= 5*10−6) and direct negative causal effect on educational attainment (MVMRIVW:-1.6 months per doubling of liability to ADHD; 95%CI: -2.5 to -0.6; pval= 4*10−4). There was little evidence of a total causal effect of genetic liability to ASD on educational attainment (MRIVW: 4 days, per doubling of liability to ASD; 95%CI: -4.9 months to 5.6 months; pval= 0.9) but some evidence of a direct effect not via IQ (MVMRIVW:29 days per doubling the genetic liability to ASD; 95%CI: 2 to 48; pval= 0.03). Reverse direction analyses suggested that genetic liability to higher educational attainment was associated with lower risk of ADHD (MRIVWOR: 0.3 per standard deviation (SD) increase; 95%CI: 0.26 to 0.36; pval= 6*10−51), even after IQ was entered in the models (MVMRIVWOR: 0.33 per SD increase; 95%CI: 0.26 to 0.43; pval= 6*10−17). On the contrary, there was evidence consistent with a positive causal effect of genetic liability to higher educational attainment on risk of ASD (MRIVWOR: 1.51 per SD increase; 95%CI: 1.29 to 1.77; pval= 4*10−7), which was found to be largely explained by IQ (MVMRIVWOR per SD increase: 1.24; 95%CI: 0.96 to 1.60; pval= 0.09). Conclusions Our findings suggest that despite the genetic and phenotypic overlap between ADHD and ASD, they present highly differentiated causal associations with educational attainment. This highlights the necessity for specialized educational interventions for children with ADHD and ASD. Further research is needed in order to decipher whether the identified causal effects reflect parentally transmitted effects, diagnostic masking, or selection bias.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring the Feasibility of Multimedia-Based Exercise Programs on Older Adult Adherence and Physical Activity

Supervisory Committee Dr. Ryan E. Rhodes, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education Supervisor Dr. Sandra Hundza, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education Departmental Member Purpose: Transitioning into retirement may be a suitable period to help adults establish an active lifestyle. One innovative approach to promote PA may be through multimedia-based programs. This experiment aimed to explore the feasibility DVD and videogame-based exercise programs in promoting physical activity (PA) in adults transitioning into retirement. Underlying motivations, functional fitness, quality of life, and elicited beliefs from participating in the exercise programs were also explored. Methods: Twenty-seven adults were randomized into either a nine-week exercise DVD (n = 9), exergame (n = 9), or waitlisted control group (n = 9). Main outcomes include adherence was based on attendance during the in-lab component and participant logs during the in-home component. PA levels were measured through accelerometery and assessed at baseline, four-, nineand 12-weeks. Secondary outcomes related to motivation were assessed at baseline, threeand nine-weeks. Tertiary outcomes such as physiological/functional fitness and quality of life outcomes were assessed at preand postintervention. Results: During the in-lab portion, t-tests showed that adherence was slightly higher in the exergame group than the DVD group (t16 = -0.06, p = .96; d = .31). Repeated measures of analysis showed that the group x time interaction for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (F2,24 = 0.87, p = .52;  = .05), while overall PA saw negligible changes (F2,24 = 0.16, p = .85;  = .01). At the end of the intervention, overall adherence was similar between both exercise groups (t16 = -0.06, p = .96; d = .03). The group by time interaction effect yielded a moderate effect size for MVPA (F2,24 = 1.07, p = .36;  = .08) and overall PA (F2,24 = 1.11, p = .35;  = .08). Overall PA only increased in the exergame group (d = .74). The exergame group saw major decreases in instrumental attitude (d = .64), injunctive norm (d = .79), perceived behavioural control (d = .40) and intention (d = .90). Both exercise groups enhanced strength, mobility, and aerobic endurance outcomes (d = .33-.98), as well as several quality of life domains (d = .32-.89). At the post-intervention follow-up, both exercise groups were more active
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Body Composition In Individuals With Type-1 Diabetes

Physical activity has been considered important for the management of diabetes, along with diet and medication. There has been lots of research examining the importance of physical activity for controlling type-2 diabetes, but research looking at physical activity as a way to help control type-1 diabetes along with insulin is limited. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between physical activity and body composition in individuals with type-1 diabetes. This study consisted of 10 young adults aged 16 to 22. There were five males and five females. Subjects were recruited by word of mouth and from a summer camp for individuals with diabetes. All participants were measured for height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, percent body fat, calculated BMI, and hip-to-waist ratio. Percent fat and BMI were calculated using the DEXA, the gold standard for body composition. Physical activity was measured using accelerometry. Physical activity was then calculated to time spent in light and moderateto-vigorous physical activity. The results showed an association between lower amounts of physical activity and increased body mass index, percent fat, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio for males. There was a statistical significance for the correlation between lower physical activity and increased physical activity for males. An association between lower physical activity and higher body mass index and higher percent fat. They hypothesis was supported for males, but the relationship between physical activity and body composition needs to be explored further for both males and females with type-1 diabetes.
General Framework for Tracking Neural Activity Over Long-Term Extracellular Recordings

The recent advances in the chronic implantation of electrodes have allowed the collection of extracellular activity from neurons over long periods of time. To fully take advantage of these recordings, it is necessary to track single neurons continuously, particularly when their associated waveform changes with time. Multiple spike sorting algorithms can track drifting neurons but they do not perform well in conditions like a temporary increase in the noise level, sparsely firing neurons, and changes in the number of detectable neurons. In this work, we present Spikes_Link, a general framework to track neurons under these conditions. Spikes_Link can be implemented with different spike sorting algorithms, allowing the experimenter to use the algorithm best fitted to their recording setup. The main idea behind Spikes_Link is the blockwise analysis of the recording using overlapping sets of spikes to equally represent all the putative neurons being tracked on a given block. This way, we can link classes with clusters obtained in a new block based on an overlapping metric. Moreover, the algorithm can fix temporary sorting errors (splits and merges). We compared an implementation of Spikes_Link with other algorithms using long-term simulations and obtained superior performance in all the metrics. In general, the Spikes_Link framework could be used for other clustering problems with concept drift and class imbalance.
Light Bridge Brightening and Plasma Ejection Driven by a Magnetic Flux Emergence Event

Observations with the Goode Solar Telescope (GST) are presented here showing that the emergence of 1.91 × 1018 Mx of new magnetic flux occurred at the edge of a filamentary light bridge (LB). This emergence was accompanied by brightness enhancement of a photospheric overturning convection cell (OCC) at the endpoints of the emerging magnetic structure. We present an analysis of the origin and the dynamics of this event using high-resolution GST Fe i 1564.85 nm vector magnetic field data, TiO photospheric, and Hα chromospheric images. The emerged structure was 1.5 × 0.3 Mm in size at the peak of development and lasted for 17 minutes. Doppler observations showed presence of systematic upflows before the appearance of the magnetic field signal and downflows during the decay phase. Changes in the orientation of the associated transverse fields, determined from the differential angle, suggest the emergence of a twisted magnetic structure. A fan-shaped jet was observed to be spatially and temporally correlated with the endpoint of the OCC intruding into the LB. Our data suggest that the emerging fields may have reconnected with the magnetic fields in the vicinity of the LB, which could lead to the formation of the jet. Our observation is the first report of flux emergence within a granular LB with evidence in the evolution of vector magnetic field, as well as photosphere convection motions, and supports the idea that the impulsive jets above the LB are caused by magnetic reconnection.
The source of potential pollution and diarrhea on toodlers at populous area (a study at Johar Baru Subdistrict, Central Jakarta)

Indonesia still faces some challenges in the field of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) especially in Jakarta. Environmental disease such as diarrhea becomes the cause of death on toddlers in Indonesia. The region with the most cases of diarrhea is Johar Baru Subdistrict with proportion 17% of all Subdistricts in Central Jakarta area and becomes the region with the most populous place in Jakarta. This analysis aims to determine the source of potential pollution of diarrhea in Johar Baru Subdistrict. The research method used was cross sectional study design. The research results show that mothers’ education, the habit of washing the hand by using soap, family income, type of clean water sources, facility of waste disposal, and risk of clean water source pollution influence the occurance of diarrhea on toddlers. The dominant factor of diarrhea case on toddlers is the risk of clean water source pollution and the habit of washing the hand by using soap. The effort of diarrhea prevention is such as conducting city water security at slums of the city with high populous and makes washing the hand with soap as the habit in the society completed with the facility of hand washing.
Benthic carbon fixation and cycling in diffuse hydrothermal and background sediments in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica

Abstract. Sedimented hydrothermal vents are likely to be widespread compared to hard substrate hot vents. They host chemosynthetic microbial communities which fix inorganic carbon (C) at the seafloor, as well as a wide range of macroinfauna, including vent-obligate and background non-vent taxa. There are no previous direct observations of carbon cycling at a sedimented hydrothermal vent. We conducted 13C isotope tracing experiments at three sedimented sites in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, which showed different degrees of hydrothermalism. Two experimental treatments were applied, with 13C added as either algal detritus (photosynthetic C), or as bicarbonate (substrate for benthic C fixation). Algal 13C was taken up by both bacteria and metazoan macrofaunal, but its dominant fate was respiration, as observed at deeper and more food-limited sites elsewhere. Rates of 13C uptake and respiration suggested that the diffuse hydrothermal site was not the hot spot of benthic C cycling that we hypothesised it would be. Fixation of inorganic C into bacterial biomass was observed at all sites, and was measurable at two out of three sites. At all sites, newly fixed C was transferred to metazoan macrofauna. Fixation rates were relatively low compared with similar experiments elsewhere; thus, C fixed at the seafloor was a minor C source for the benthic ecosystem. However, as the greatest amount of benthic C fixation occurred at the “Off Vent” (non-hydrothermal) site ( 0.077±0.034 mg C m−2 fixed during 60 h ), we suggest that benthic fixation of inorganic C is more widespread than previously thought, and warrants further study.
The Impact of Principals’ Transformational Leadership Practices on Tutors’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs in the University Colleges of Education in Ghana

Research studies have consistently demonstrated the statistically significant relationships between principals’ transformational leadership practices and teachers’ sense of efficacy in student engagement, instructional strategies and classroom management. What is less studied and very much less researched is the extent to which principals’ transformational leadership practices account for the variances in teachers’ sense of efficacies in tertiary institutions. This current study investigates tutors’ perceptions of the specific principals’ transformational leadership practices which impact on their sense of efficacy in student engagement, instructional strategies and classroom management in the university colleges of education in Ghana. Data was garnered using the PLQ and TSES questionnaire instruments. Following cluster sampling procedures, 629 tutors from 15 university colleges were selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, correlational and multiple regression analyses were to index the specific principals’ transformational leadership practices which accounted for the total variances in the three dimensions of tutors’ sense of efficacy. Findings indicate that principals’ transformational leadership practices such as providing vision and direction and holding high performance expectations accounted for most of the variances in tutors’ sense of efficacy in all three factors. This implies that principals who frequently exercise these leadership qualities are more likely to enhance their tutors’ self-efficacy beliefs in student engagement, instructional strategies and classroom management. Keywords : Principal Leadership Practices, transformational leadership, teacher performance, teacher self-efficacy beliefs, tutor sense of efficacy. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/11-3-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
Recuperação pôndero-estatural em crianças com síndrome de Down e cardiopatia congênita

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto das cardiopatias congenitas em criancas no crescimento de criancas com sindrome de Down (SD) e a sua recuperacao pondero-estatural apos correcao cirurgica. METODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de portadores da SD, entre 1984 e 2007. Excluidos os mosaicos e/ou portadores de morbidades associadas (n=165). Calcularam-se os escores Z para peso (Zpn) e comprimento (Zen) no momento do nascimento. Nos pacientes submetidos a correcao cirurgica (n=60), os escores Zp e Ze foram calculados antes da intervencao cirurgica e em periodos posteriores, em ate cinco anos de pos-operatorio (PO). Em relacao a populacao geral, Zp e Ze 2,5. Em um ano, 85,7% atingiram Ze > 2,5. Dividindo este grupo por idade, na epoca da cirurgia, em tercis nao ocorreu diferenca. CONCLUSOES: Observou-se deficit pondero-estatural em relacao a populacao geral desde o nascimento, sendo maior nas criancas com cardiopatia de indicacao cirurgica. A recuperacao PO ocorreu em seis meses para o peso e em um ano para a estatura, sem diferenca quanto a idade no momento cirurgico.