Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure-Directing Effect of Organic Cations in the Assembly of Anionic In(III)/Diazinedicarboxylate Architectures

We report herein the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of seven new indium–pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylato (pzdc) and pyridazine-3,6-dicarboxylato (pddc) compounds: (dma)6[In6(μ-pzdc)12]·xH2O (1), (dea)6[In6(μ-pzdc)12]·xH2O (2), {(tma)[In(μ-pzdc)2]·2H2O}n (3), {(dea)[In(μ-pzdc)2]·2H2O}n (4), {(dma)[In(μ-pddc)2]·xH2O}n (5), {(dma)[In(μ-pddc)2]}n (6), and (dma)4[In8(μ-pddc)12(H2O)8(OH)4]·xH2O (7) (where dma = dimethylammonium, dea = diethylammonium, tma = tetramethylammonium). Two types of In(III)/pzdc structures have been obtained. The first one (1 and 2) is comprised of discrete hexanuclear anionic assemblies held together by hydrogen bonding interactions through the organic cations generated by the thermal hydrolysis of the amide solvents. The second one (3 and 4) consists of an anionic three-dimensional (3D) framework with channels that are occupied by the counterions and solvent molecules. The first type of structure seems to be the kinetically preferred one since it is obtained when using rela.
Assessment of Grassroots Empowerment Programs for Economic Development in Anambra State, Nigeria

Objective: The study assessed the Anambra State Government’s Grassroots Development Scheme for economic empowerment of community dwellers, in all the local governments of Anambra state, in Southeastern Nigeria. This was with the view to determine the extent of involvement of all the communities in the Government’s Grassroots Development Scheme and the commitment of the people to the purpose for which the development scheme was initiated.
Cognitive Processes and Creative Lateral Thinking in Students of the Naval School of Peru

The present research focused on identifying the influence of cognitive processes in the creative lateral thinking of high school students. The work was developed under the positivist paradigm; it was classified as basic, of explanatory level, with quantitative approach, non-experimental design and cross-sectional. The sample, calculated through probabilistic sampling, consisted of 221 students. Two data collection instruments were used: the cognitive processes questionnaire and the lateral thinking questionnaire, which were subjected to content validity by expert judgment and reliability and internal consistency analysis by Cronbach's alpha, reaching values of 0.908 and 0.802, respectively. The analysis of verification by Spearman's rho obtained was 0.762, which determined the significant influence between cognitive processes and lateral thinking. It was concluded that, if procedures and actions that lead to the acquisition of knowledge in a constructive way and by discovery are practiced, creative and perceptive lateral thinking would be developed; then the individual would exhibit imagination and creative behaviors.
Suppression of leukotriene B4 production is involved in the anti-pruritic action of Grifola frondosa in pollen allergy-induced ocular itching in mice

ABSTRACT Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa) is an edible mushroom consumed as a health food in Asia that has recently been reported to have anti-allergic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of G. frondosa on pollen allergy-induced ocular itching in mice. G. frondosa was boiled and freeze-dried (heat-treated G. frondosa). Oral administration of heat-treated G. frondosa (0.1 and 1 g/kg) suppressed pollen allergy-induced ocular itching and plasma extravasation but not histamine-induced plasma extravasation. Oral administration of ergosterol, an active ingredient in G. frondosa (5 and 50 mg/kg), or zileuton (100 mg/kg), which is an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (the main enzyme required for leukotriene B4 production), inhibited pollen allergy-induced ocular itching. In addition, ergosterol inhibited antigen-induced leukotriene B4 production in mast cells. These findings suggest that G. frondosa and its active ingredient ergosterol prevent pollen allergy-induced itching through the inhibition of leukotriene B4 production in mast cells. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Mean Comparisons of Many Groups in the Presence of DIF: An Evaluation of Linking and Concurrent Scaling Approaches

One of the primary goals of international large-scale assessments in education is the comparison of country means in student achievement. This article introduces a framework for discussing differential item functioning (DIF) for such mean comparisons. We compare three different linking methods: concurrent scaling based on full invariance, concurrent scaling based on partial invariance using the RMSD statistic, and robust and nonrobust linking approaches based on separate scaling. Furthermore, we analytically derive the bias in the country means of different linking methods in the presence of DIF. In a simulation study, we show that the partial invariance and robust linking approaches provide less biased country means than the full invariance approach in the case of biased items.
Static Modeling of Braided Pneumatic Muscle Actuator: An Amended Force Model

The present study reports an amended static force model for a pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) used in different aerodynamic and fluid power system applications. The PMA is a fluid actuator, made of a polymeric bladder enclosed in a braided mesh sleeve. A physics-based static model is developed to predict the deformation response of the actuator for different applied pressure. The significant losses, like braid-to-braid friction, non-cylindrical ends, and bladder hyperelasticity effect, have been considered to enhance the model’s practical feasibility. However, a combined effect of all these losses in the PMA was ignored in the literature. The findings of the derived model agree well with existing experimental results.
Perceived Effectiveness of Parent Representation Social Workers by Legal Professionals Involved with Indigent Defendants

With a growing interest in international social work in the tertiary sector, an increasing number of social work students seek field placements overseas to gain cross-cultural experience (Harris et al., 2017). This article reflects on a successful overseas placement of an Australian social work student from James Cook University with the local non-government organization, Femili Papua New Guinea, a case management centre providing support for women and children survivors of family and intimate partner violence based in Lae. The role of partnerships between agencies, including an external supervisor, a medical social worker at the Port Moresby General Hospital Family Support Centre, contributed to a rich learning experience. The article gives perspectives from the key stakeholders - the student, the field educator (an external supervisor) and the university liaison person and placement coordinator. The main learning contexts for this placement included a review of the organisation's policy and guidelines and adding value to service delivery. This provided learning in social justice and the challenges of inequities, injustice and oppression in relation to gender. The importance of prior preparation; the availability of quality supervision by the field educator, support and the personal resilience and resourcefulness of the student are key elements in the placement's success - are all factors to consider when considering overseas placements.
Same Scandal, Different Standards: The Effect of Partisanship on Expectations of News Reports about Whistleblowers

ABSTRACT This experiment (N = 591) tests whether audiences adjust their standards for what qualifies as fair journalism based the transparency of news editors, the source of the news, and the target of an accusation. In the context of a whistleblower scandal, the results suggest the relationship between the audience member’s ideology and the news story publisher and target influence what details the audience thinks journalists should reveal. Additionally, we find transparency from editors can alter those perceptions.
Expecting the exceptional in the everyday: Policing global transportation hubs

There has been considerable scholarly interest regarding the notion of exceptionality, i.e. how and under what conditions extraordinary powers and measures are justified in the name of security. Exceptional threats are now omnipresent in the security discourse of the aviation and maritime industries, and this influences the everyday working environment. Taking Norwegian airport and port security as its point of departure, this article analyzes how security and policing agencies perceive, experience, and respond to the exceptional as part of their everyday practice. Drawing on extensive interview material with security agencies, it reveals how agencies construct strategies to cope with the consequences of exceptionality that arise from heightened (in)security and vulnerability. This article demonstrates that instrumental logic in risk management is one crucial strategy, but evidence also reveals the importance of the human dimension in security practices, as the emotional aspect of security consciousness is a part of the everyday life of security agencies. Closely associated with this is the emergence of mechanisms of active resistance that provide excitement and alleviate boredom.
Diagnostic Performance of Plasma Gastrin Concentration for the Diagnosis of Type 1 Abomasal Ulcer in Water Buffalo: A Preliminary Case Control Study

The type 1 abomasal ulcer (AU1) does not have specific clinical signs, and there is a need to identify some early biochemical markers for diagnosis of AU1 in cattle and buffaloes. Plasma gastrin is reported to reflect the gastric mucosa damage but its utility for diagnosis of AU1 in buffaloes has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to study the test performance of plasma gastrin to distinguish healthy buffaloes and buffaloes with AU1. Twenty-three buffaloes with AU1 and six buffaloes without abomasal ulcer were used. Blood samples were collected from the buffaloes, slaughtered in a buffalo specific slaughter house, for estimation of plasma gastrin. After slaughter abomasa were examined for presence of AU1 and were confirmed by histology. The mean plasma gastrin concentration of ulcer positive buffaloes was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the ulcer negative buffaloes. The ROC curve analysis suggested optimal value of plasma gastrin for diagnosis of AU1 was 106.2 pg/ml. Since the abomasal ulcer negative animals were established to be ulcer negative on histopathological examination we consider the values of gastrin valid for detection of abomasal ulceration in buffaloes. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of plasma gastrin to diagnose AU1 in buffalo were 78.3, 100, 100 and 69.9, respectively.
Knowledge, Fear, and Conscience: Reasons to Stop Flying Because of Climate Change

Much research on the societal consequences of climate change has focused on inaction, seeking to explain why societies and individuals do not change according to experts’ recommendations. In this qualitative study, we instead consider people who have changed their behaviour for the sake of the climate: They have stopped travelling by air. We first asked them to elaborate their rationales for the behaviour change. Then, using topos theory to find thought structures, we analysed their 673 open-text answers. Several themes emerged, which together can be regarded as a process of change. Increased knowledge, primarily narrated as a process by which latent knowledge was transformed into insight, through experience or emotional distress, was important. Contrary to certain claims in the literature, fear stimulated change of behaviour for many in this group. Climate change was framed as a moral issue, requiring acts of conscience. Children were invoked as educators and moral guides. Role models and a supportive social context played an important part. Alternatives to flying were brought forward as a motive to refrain from flying. Only a few mentioned shame as momentous. Instead, stopping travelling by air invoked a feeling of agency and responsibility, and could also result in a positive sensation.
H∞ optimal control for semi‐Markov jump linear systems via TP‐free temporal difference ( λ ) learning

In the present study, a temporal difference (TD) learning algorithm is proposed to solve the H∞ optimal control problem for semi‐Markov jump linear systems (S‐MJLSs). The proposed scheme is TP‐free so that it can be applied in cases without pre‐known transition probabilities of embedded Markov chain. Coupled algebraic Riccati equations (CAREs) implied with the analytical solution of control gains are derived by utilizing a S‐MJLS augmented with maximum sojourn time, which contributes to develop the TD learning algorithm. It is proved that for sufficiently rich enough jumping modes and jumping numbers observed online, the value function in TD algorithm converges to CAREs solutions. Finally, an example is carried out to evaluate the learning capability of TD algorithm and the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Development of Solid Biomass Production in Poland, Especially Pellet, in the Context of the World’s and the European Union’s Climate and Energy Policies

The aim of this research was to present the changes in biomass production, especially pellets in Poland, in the context of world’s and European Union’s (EU) climate and energy policy, compared to other renewable energy sources. We also analyzed the law concerning the biomass production in the EU. Finally, we have elaborated the prognosis of the pellet production on the world scale. We have used different methods to achieve the goals, among which the most important are the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH model) and prognosis. We also compared the results of pellet production in different countries in the European Union. The results were presented in tabular and graphic form. We have received the data from Eurostat and the Main Statistical Office (MSO) in Poland. Our research proves the increase of biomass and pellet production on the global scale. Moreover, global wood pellet production increased by 972% in the years 2005–2018. We can conclude that this increase was the result of increasing demand for renewable energy sources. The first research hypothesis assumed that the changes in the European Union Policy have impacted the increase of biomass production in the world. Our prognosis confirmed the second hypothesis that the development of pellets will increase as the result of increasing global demand. The use of more renewable energy sources is necessary to decrease the degradation of the environment.
Effect of process parameters on emulsion stability and droplet size of pomegranate oil-in-water

The development of efficient emulsion is essential and requires a good understanding of the parameters that govern the formation and stability of the emulsion. The droplet size significantly affects the stability of the emulsion. In this study, the stability of pomegranate oil-in-water emulsions (0.5 to 7.0% v/v) was investigated using various emulsifiers in terms of droplet size and instability index during 16 days of storage. The Mastersizer and Lumisizer were used to measure the droplet size and instability index. It was observed that the minimum droplet size was achieved by using 0.3% carboxy methyl cellulose (5.37 μm) and maximum with 1.0/2.5% whey protein/maltodextrin (24.26 μm). The Lumisizer results during storage revealed the higher emulsion stability of carboxy methyl cellulose due to smaller droplet size and high thickness as compared to other emulsions studied. The findings of the present study would be useful for food applications to obtain fine and stable microcapsules.
Productivity Dynamics: A Case of Pakistan

This study estimates the total factor productivity (TFP) for Pakistan at aggregate and sectoral level from 1982 to 2016 with a data set rebased at 2005-06. We employ actual returns to scale instead of the oversimplified assumption of constant returns to scale for measuring the TFP. Our results show that average economic growth during this period is 4.7 percent with 0.7 percent contribution from TFP. While, average TFP growth for Agriculture, Industry, and Services sector is 1.5, 4.6, and 4.3 percent, respectively. Besides, there is a noticeable decreasing trend in TFP as well as economic growth relative to 1980’s. Further, our analysis reveals that the physical and human capital contribution in productivity is quite negligible at aggregate and sectoral level. This implies that sizeable investments in human capital formation can further help the economy to attain high growth trajectory in the short to medium terms.
Sponsorship Disclosures in Online Sponsored Content: Practitioners’ Considerations

ABSTRACT Many consumers fail to identify online sponsored content as advertising. This is an ethical problem because consumers need to know when they are exposed to advertising so they can raise counterarguments. To enhance transparency, guidelines have been issued that prescribe sponsorship disclosures. However, the actual use of these disclosures is limited and inconsistent. To better understand this ethical practice, the aim of the present qualitative interview study is to provide an overview of practitioners’ considerations to use disclosures (or not) for online sponsored content. We conducted a qualitative interview study, in which we interviewed 18 practitioners representing four stakeholder groups. The study reveals a diverse, complex, and conflicting set of considerations categorized as follows: moral responsibility toward consumers, own business interests, and perceptions regarding disclosure guidelines. We interpret our findings in light of previous studies in which advertising professionals talked about ethics. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Antimicrobials associated adverse drug reaction profiling: a four years retrospective study (Pharmacovigilance study)

ABSTRACT Background All drugs profoundly modify our biological processes and may manifest as adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which are unpredictable and inevitable consequences. Antibiotics are a common cause of ADR, necessitating stopping or change of antibiotics. The incidence of ADRs increases with the number of drugs prescribed in a prescription, and antibiotics are rarely prescribed as monotherapy. Aim The study aimed to assess frequency, class of antibiotics, symptoms, causality, the severity of antimicrobial-associated ADRs, and see the demographic distribution. Methods ADRs were collected and filled in suspected ADR forms and sent via vigiflow to the National Coordination Centre-Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (NCC-PvPI). These ADR reports, termed individual case safety reports (ICSRs), were analyzed from Jan 2016 to Dec 2019. Results A total of 414 (54.33%) ICSRs of 762 were identified as antimicrobial-associated. Adults in the age group 19–65 years accounted for 345 (83.09%) of ADRs. A total of 192 (46.38%) were males, and 222 (53.14%) were females. Skin and subcutaneous tissue System organ class was involved in 54% of cases. In the causality assessment, 268 (64.49%) were “probable,” 123 (29.71%) were “possible,” and 23 (5.56%) were “certain. ” On severity assessment, 256 ADRs (61.83%) were mild, 133 (32.12%) were moderate, and 25 (6.03%) were severe. A total of 54 antimicrobial agents, excluding anti-tubercular drugs, were identified, and antibacterial accounted for 268 (64.73%) ADRs, followed by antiviral 90 (21.73%), antiprotozoal agents 33 (7.97%) antimalarials anti-scabicidal, antifungal accounting for the remaining. Conclusion Antimicrobials play a crucial role in treating infections, and utmost vigilance during antimicrobials prescription reduces the frequency and severity of the ADRs, thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality and the pharmacoeconomic burden to the health care system. Pharmacovigilance must be boosted to ensure the safe and effective use of antibiotics and reduce the occurrence of ADRs.
Air-based Mechanical Stimulation Controls Plant Height of Ornamental Plants and Vegetable Crops under Greenhouse Conditions

Mechanical stimulation to produce stable and high-quality crops under greenhouse conditions is a promising alternative to chemical growth retardants. However, plant tissue damage and the lack of full automatization have been major constraints for large-scale applications. We demonstrate the potential of automated, touch-less, directed air stream application systems to control the plant height and appearance of bellflower (Campanula ‘Merrybell’), creeping inchplant (Callisia repens), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Romello’). Plants were cultivated under greenhouse conditions and exposed to regulated air stream stimuli by three different prototype systems. Air stream stimuli of all three prototype systems significantly reduced plant height of all three plant species. Bellflower plants showed a reduction of 24% and tomato plants showed reductions of 26% to 36% compared with the respective control plants. The degree of height growth inhibition in tomato was shown to be predominantly influenced by the stimulus intensity. An air pressure prototype system was successfully implemented in a horticultural company and the height of creeping inchplant could be sufficiently reduced by 20%, on average, throughout 1 year of the experiment compared with untreated controls. Overall, no plant tissue damage of plants treated with the air stream was visible, and no difference in the number of flowers of the bellflower plants treated with the air stream and of the untreated controls was observed.
Structural Relationships among Self-Management, Self-Resilience, and Adaptability to Chinese and Korean College Life in Physical Education Majors

Background: We aimed to investigate the relationships among self-management, self-resilience, and adaptability to college life in Chinese and Korean students majoring in physical education. In addition, we explored the mediating role of self-resilience in the relationship between self-management and adaptability to college life. Methods: Random sampling was used to identify participants majoring in physical education at five colleges and universities in Shaanxi (China) and four universities in Kyonggi-do Province (Republic of Korea) in June 2020. We analyzed data for 700 students via exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis, and path analysis. Results: Self-management had a significant impact on self-resilience (P<0.001), while self-resilience had a significant impact on adaptability to college life (P<0.001). Among self-management variables, body management had a significant negative impact on adaptability to college life (P<0.001). Self-resilience had a mediating effect on the relationship between self-management and adaptability to college life (P=0.024). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need to develop systems that cultivate students’ abilities to integrate into university life, including their abilities to face unsatisfactory studies, manage spare time, make physical adjustments, adapt to new living environments, and maintain interpersonal relationships. Strengthening self-management abilities will lead to improvements in self-resilience, adaptability, and satisfaction with university life among physical education majors.