Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Lexical Semantics of Dialogue Acts

People proceed in their conversations through a series of dialogue acts to yield some specific communicative intention. In this paper, we study the task of automatic labeling dialogues with the proper dialogue acts, relying on empirical methods and simply exploiting lexical semantics of the utterances. In particular, we present some experiments in both a supervised and an unsupervised framework on an English and an Italian corpus of dialogue transcriptions. In the experiments we consider the settings of dealing with or without additional information from the dialogue structure. The evaluation displays good results, regardless of the used language. We conclude the paper exploring the relation between the communicative goal of an utterance and its
Purification and characterization of tannase from the local isolate of Aspergillus niger

© 2019 Saja Taha Yaseen Al-Mraai, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License -NonCommercialShareAlikeUnported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). *Corresponding Author Alaa Jabbar Abd Al-Manhel, Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah City, Iraq. E-mail: alaafood_13@yahoo.com Purification and characterization of tannase from the local isolate of Aspergillus niger
Monetary Policy Exposure of Banks and Loan Contracting

It is well-documented that an increase in the Fed funds rate reduces the lending capacity of banks, which in turn induces banks to cut corporate lending. However, it is not clear how banks achieve this reduction towards their existing borrowers because outstanding long-term loans may limit their ability to do so. In this paper, I study how banks set loan contract terms to prepare for future contractionary monetary policy shocks. I find that banks with higher monetary policy exposure – banks whose lending capacity shrinks more during Fed hiking cycles – write loan contracts with stricter covenants. This ex-ante bank behavior makes borrowers more likely to violate covenants, giving banks the right to reduce lending ex-post when their lending capacity is hit by a monetary policy shock. These findings highlight the role of covenants in the transmission of monetary policy and imply that even firms with long-term loans remain exposed to monetary policy shocks.
Fate and Behaviour of Silver Nanoparticles in Urban Wastewater Systems

The increased use of metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) in many consumer products will eventually lead to the emission of such materials to the wastewater stream. As the toxicity of Ag strongly depends on its speciation, the physical-chemical transformation during their transport in the sewer and during the wastewater treatment needs to be evaluated in detail. Applied studies performed on fulland pilotscale as well as fundamental investigation on the lab scale suggest that Ag-NP are readily transformed into Ag2S during anaerobic stages of the wastewater treatment. A surface coating, e.g. an organic coating, does not protect Ag-NP from corrosion (transformation into Ag2S or AgCl). First indication on the behavior of Ag in sewer system also indicates a rather fast conversion into Ag2S. The sewer channel and the WWTP act as a kind of a multibarrier system and it seems rather unlikely that Ag-NP reach the environment in their pristine form via this pathway. If a surface coating can retard the corroding process significantly and also reduce the entrapment of AgNP into sewage sludge remains an open question. Under such conditions, however, a higher transmission of Ag-NP through the sewer system and the WWTP is conceivable. Powered by Editorial Manager® and Preprint Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation FATE AND BEHAVIOUR OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES IN URBAN
CMAR_A_231901 10929..10937

*These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are inflammatory indexes that may reflect immune response to tumors and prognosis. We investigated the prognostic values of pre-treatment and post-treatment NLR and PLR and changes in those ratios in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Patients and methods: Sixty patients who received SBRT were retrospectively reviewed. NLR and PLR were calculated by division of neutrophil and platelet counts, respectively, by lymphocyte counts. Independent factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined by the Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox multivariate regression. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated. Results: The median follow-up was 36.9 (range: 4.1–73.5) months. Median PFS was 21.4 (range: 1.8–66.9) months. The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 76.7% and 55.0%, respectively. The 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 95.0% and 78.3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, post-treatment PLR ≥263.0 indicated both poor PFS (HR: 3.70; 95% CI: 1.07–12.76, p=0.038) and OS (HR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.01–9.11, p=0.043) for sHCC patients treated with SBRT. In addition, the presence of hepatitis infection and a low level of red blood cell count were also proved to be significantly associated with patients’ poor prognosis (p<0.05 for each). Post-treatment increase in NLR ≥2.7-fold was shown to be a negative independent predictor of inferior OS (HR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.14–10.38, p=0.029). Conclusion: High post-treatment PLR and change in NLR ≥2.7-fold were associated with poor prognosis in patients treated with SBRT and might be considered as reliable and independent prognostic biomarkers for patients with sHCC.
What are they talking about when they talk about equity? A content analysis of equity principles and provisions in state Every Student Succeeds Act plans

Despite numerous education reform efforts, disparities between more privileged students and students from marginalized and minoritized groups still persist in U.S. education. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) passed in 2015 indicates greater commitment of the federal government to advancing equity in education and gives state educational agencies more autonomy and flexibility in policy making. This article analyzes the content of 52 approved state ESSA plans to examine how the concept of equity in education is defined and applied in state-level ESSA policies and provisions. Results of a qualitative content analysis reveal that all but four state ESSA plans adopt a stance on equity centered on equitable access to educational resources—including funding and effective educators —and less than half state plans attend to equity in outcomes. Most of the state plans do not include a clear definition of what they mean by “equity”. In addition, the accountability systems used to evaluate the impact of equity policies in the plans are predominantly outcome-oriented using student standardized test performance as the key indicator. Incoherent policy principles, coupled with the market-oriented, standards-based policy solutions, may exacerbate the structural inequities facing schools and students that these policies aim to ameliorate. Implications for education policy and research are discussed.
MARTER: Markov True and Error model of drifting parameters

This paper describes a theory of the variability of risky choice that describes empirical properties of choice data, including sequential effects and systematic violations of response independence. The Markov True and Error (MARTER) model represents the formation and fluctuation of true preferences produced by stochastic variation of parameters over time, which produces changing true preference patterns. This model includes a probabilistic association between true preferences and overt responses due to random error. Computer programs have been developed to simulate data according to this model, to fit data to the TE model, and to test and analyze violations of iid (independent and identical distributions) that are predicted by the model. Data simulated from MARTER models show properties that are characteristic of real data, including violations of iid similar to those observed in previous empirical research. This paper also illustrates how methods based on analysis of binary response proportions do not and in many cases cannot correctly diagnose what model was used to generate the data. The MARTER model is extremely general and neutral with respect to models of risky decision making. For example, the transitive transfer of attention exchange (TAX) model and intransitive Lexicographic Semiorder (LS) models can both be represented as special cases of MARTER, and they can be tested against each other, even when binary choice proportions cannot discriminate which model was used to simulate the data. Software to simulate data according to this model, and to fit data to this model, to test this model, and to compare special case theories are included or linked to this article.
Laboratoire de Mddecine Expdrimentale Universitd Libre de Bruxelles CALCIUM ANTAGONISTS AND ISLET FUNCTION. IX. IS EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM REQUIRED FOR INSULIN RELEASE?

Although the dependency of insulin retease on extracellular Ca 2is welI clocumented °'~s, conflicting views were recently expressed concerning the precise role of extracellular Ca 2+ in the biphasic insulin secretory response evoked in the endocrine pancreas by a square-waved increase in glucose concentration 7. ,. o. It is agreed, however, that removal of extracellular Ca > abolishes the sustained secondary phase of glucose-induced insulin release, which may well represem the physiologically most relevant component of the secretory response 4. Removal of extracellular Ca 2~ also abolishes the glucose-induced electrical activity ', which is thought to be directly related to the process of insulin release ~4. However, the electrical activity of the B-cell is apparently not suppressed in the absence of Ca > when Mg-'" is also removed from the extracellular milieu ~. In the preceding report in this series, it was shown that the welt-known inhibitory effect of high concencrations of Mg 2. (5-I0 raM) upon glucose-induced insulin release 2's'j°'~ is mainly due to a decrease in the rate of Ca 2+ entry into the islet cells J~. The present work, part of which was reported in abstract form ~, aims at a re-evaIuation of the significance of extracellular Ca e+ and Mg 2~, at physiological concentrations, in the process of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
9th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2018), PARIS 17-19 JULY 2018

Application of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites for retrofitting reinforced concrete structures has been extensively investigated and used in practice. Many studies demonstrated the beneficial influence of such composite materials for the flexural and shear strengthening of concrete girders, as well as for confinement of concrete columns. However, the strengthening techniques and the accompanying theories for metallic structures have not been developed as thoroughly as those for concrete structures. There are several differences between the behavior of bonded joints in CFRP-strengthened concrete and metallic members, which will be briefly explained in this paper. Furthermore, one of the main aims of the paper is to give an overview on different techniques for carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening of steel plates and beams. Different bonded and un-bonded retrofit systems will be discussed with particular focus on application of pre-stressed un-bonded retrofit (PUR) systems. Furthermore, some details about design and testing procedure of a new so called flat PUR (FPUR) system will be given. Finally, the paper gives some details about CFRP strengthening and wireless sensor monitoring of two old metallic bridges in Switzerland and Australia.
“Music has Charms to Soothe a Savage Breast”: The Effect of Music on Decision Making

This paper discusses how music can influence our behaviour and our everyday decision making, and which specific musical characteristics attribute to this effect. To this end, we will discuss the numerous dimensions of music and its influence on mood, emotion and behaviour. Furthermore, the effect of this influence on task performance is discussed and we will look at how product perception is effected. Finally, we will conclude with the knowledge that a considerable part of our behaviour, decision making and task performance seems susceptible to the influence of music, but that the dubious validity and the ambiguous reasoning of the involved studies makes the extent of this effect uncertain.
Vapor phase fabrication of three‐dimensional arrayed BiI
 3
 nanosheets for cost‐effective solar cells

HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, SAR, China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Zhong Shan Rui Ke New Energy Co. Ltd., Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
Blurring Boundaries: Feral Rewilding, Biosecurity and Contested Wild Boar Belonging in England

Unsanctioned life is often categorised as ‘feral’, a value-embedded term that orders non-humans in relation to various temporal-spatial, genetic or behavioural logics. Such labelling is frequently used to marginalise risky, undesirable life and allow space for strategies of control and regulation. Feral natures, however, might also be understood as an important, though frequently ignored, form of rewilding situated where strategies of conservation and biosecurity converge. Using the example of (re)introduced wild boar (Sus scrofa) in England as ‘feral rewilding’ in action, this paper considers how the politics around their presence are contested by actors who hold different understandings of wild boar and human-nonhuman relations more broadly. After a multi-century absence, over the last three decades farmed wild boar have escaped and been deliberately released, occasionally establishing autonomous and self-sustaining populations. This is most visible in the Forest of Dean where their unfamiliar presence has increasingly reconfigured social relations. Being categorised as ‘feral’ as a strategy of governance is a contributing factor to a fraught political landscape where wild boar belonging is constantly questioned.
Tax Complexity in Australia – A Survey-Based Comparison to the OECD Average

This article comprehensively reviews Australia's corporate income tax complexity as faced by multinational corporations (MNCs) and compares it to the average of the remaining OECD countries. Building on unique survey data, I find that the Australian tax code is considerably more complex than the OECD average, which is mainly due to overly complex anti-avoidance legislation, such as regulations on transfer pricing, general anti-avoidance or controlled foreign corporations (CFC). In contrast, Australia's tax framework, which covers processes and fea-tures such as tax law enactment or tax audits, is close to the OECD average. A more granular analysis yields further interesting insights. For example, excessive details in the tax code and the time between the announcement of a tax law change and its enactment turn out to be serious issues in Australia relative to the remaining OECD countries.
Anterior segmental fusion with Chuinard & Peterson bone graft and percutaneous facet screw fixation for the treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis secondary to microdiscectomy

• Correspondence: Sang Bum Chang, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wooridul Spine Hospital, 47-4 Chungdam-Dong Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 135-100, Korea. Tel: +00 82 2 513 8151 Fax: +00 82 2 513 8146 e-mail: sangbumchang@yahoo.co.kr • This work was supported by a grant from the Wooridul Spine Foundation. Original Article / Çal›flma Araflt›rma Eklem Hastal›klar› ve Cerrahisi Joint Diseases and Related Surgery 2005;16(2):141-145 Joint Dis Rel Surg
POTENTIAL USE OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AND BIO-OSS® IN SURGERY SKULL-MAXILLO- FACIAL: A REVIEW

The WHO (World report on road traffic injury prevention, 2002) predicts that by 2020 road accidents are the third leading cause of facial trauma in the world. Moreover, according to the Brazilian Association of organ transplantation, the number of bone transplants per million population reaches 450 (18,200 transplants). The lack of bone in the alveolar ridge has been a major problem in functional aesthetic recovery in patients who have suffered dentoalveolar trauma, traumatic dental extractions, dental congenital absence, disease involving the maxilla and mandibular. With the emergence of regenerative medicine, the use of stem cells and adult stem cells is a new therapeutic modality with various treatments. Experimentally, tissue regeneration compounds such as periodontal tissue was also demonstrated, showing that AMSC associated with platelet-rich plasma can regenerate alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament eight weeks after implantation. Thus, biomaterials Bio Oss® (Geistlich), being biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic, and its low immunogenicity, can act in the regeneration of bone tissue, they establish with mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue proper biological niche (microenvironment favorable) for bone growth, both in animal studies and in human studies.
Perceived Communication Competence in Willingness to Communicate in English Language (A Case Study of Sudanese EFL Students)

This study tries to investigate the willingness to communicate in English language among Sudanese undergraduate EFL students, in relation to self-perceived communication competence. It further aims at examining the role of English language achievement and gender differences in relation to willingness to communicate, and self-perceived communication competence. The study adopted the descriptive and the analytical methods to analyze the collected data, by utilizing two standardized scales conducted on a sample composed of 156 respondents studying English as a foreign language at the Department of English, Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum. The results were statistically computed and revealed that: willingness to communicate in English language and self-perceived communication competence are positively correlated among Sudanese undergraduate EFL students. Self-perceived communication competence is a good indicator of willingness to communicate in English language than actual language achievement. The study also showed that there are some gender differences in willingness to communicate, and self-perceived communication competence among Sudanese undergraduate EFL students.
Stereotypical Gender Associations in Language Have Decreased Over Time

Using a corpus of millions of digitized books, we document the presence and trajectory over time of stereotypical gender associations in the written English language from 1800 to 2000. We employ the novel methodology of word embeddings to quantify male gender bias: the tendency to associate a domain with the male gender. We measure male gender bias in four stereotypically gendered domains: career, family, science, and arts. We found that stereotypical gender associations in language have decreased over time but still remain, with career and science terms demonstrating positive male gender bias and family and arts terms demonstrating negative male gender bias. We also seek evidence of changing associations corresponding to the second shift and find partial support. Traditional gender ideology is latent within the text of published English-language books, yet the magnitude of traditionally gendered associations appears to be decreasing over time.
LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Prevention System

Gas leakage has been a major concern in recent times. Though its usage has been extended in various industries, a small unattended leakage can lead to catastrophic damage. The objective of this project is to present the design of a cost effective automatic alarming system, which can detect and prevent liquefied petroleum gas leakage in various premises. This system alerts the user by sending him an SMS and alerting the neighbors by buzzer alarm after the gas leaks above setpoint1.The stepper motor is used to close the gas pipe valves. To reduce risks to human life, main power supply is cut off, if the gas leakage goes above setpoint2. This device ensures safety and prevents suffocation and explosion due to gas leakage. This project is implemented using ARM 7 processor and simulated using keil software. Keywords—LPG Detection, gas leakage, gas sensor, ARM7 LPC2148, Relay, Stepper motor, Buzzer. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
Comparison of management of undisplaced scaphoid fractures: Conservative methods versus

Introduction: Fractures of the scaphoid bone account for approxim ately 10% of the hand fractures. Traditionally, non displaced fractures of the scaph oid have been treated conservatively with immobilization of hand with cas t. Now surgical increasing. The aim of this study is to evaluate op rative versus non operative treatments for acute undisplaced or minimally displaced scaphoid fractur es. randomized prospective clinical study was conducted on 15 patients with fracture scaphoid treated with conservative techniques and ORIF by tr ained surgeons at a tertiary tr centre in the Department of Orthopedics, B between May 2016 and May 2017. Fracture patterns w ere classified on basis of Herbert classification. Observation and results mechanism of injury as axial load on hyperextended an radially deviated wrist. Average period for immobilization for conservative was 10we eks and after surgery was 2 weeks. 11.11% patient managed conservatively had undergone surgery had undergone nonu ion 13% had mean volar flexion deficiency of 13 degrees . 86.7% patients had excellent and good results. 13.3 % patients had fair to poor results. 33.33% cases ha examination. 19% had grip deficiency. The average w rist score was 88%. Undisplaced fractures treated conservatively had le ss risk of undergoing to surgical techniques. Conservative treatment is m of view. Surgical treatment needs lesser time in co mparison to conservative treatment.
Clinical Profile of Perinatal Asphyxia in a Special Newborn Care Unit at a District Hospital in South India

Objective: To define the clinical profile of perinatal asphyxia in a in a Special Newborn Care Unit at a District Hospital in South India Methods: All babies admitted in SNCU, Government District Headquarters Hospital, Namakkal from January 2018 to December 2018 with a diagnosis of birth asphyxia (5 min Apgar<7 or those with no spontaneous respirations after birth) were included in the study (n=106). This was a descriptive observational study. Clinical information was collected (gravida, hour at presentation, mode of delivery, sex of baby, gestational age of the baby, requirement of resuscitation). Neonates were admitted to NICU, observed for complications and managed as per hospital protocol. Results: Among the 1213 neonates admitted to SNCU, 106 had perinatal asphyxia (8.73 %). Babies with Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) Grade I had a very good outcome but HIE III was associated with a poor outcome. Outborn neonates had higher grades of perinatal asphyxia as compared to inborns. Term gestation, Males and Multigravida were associated with a higher rate of birth asphyxia. Conclusions: Birth asphyxia was one of the commonest causes of admission NICU. Babies with HIE Grade III had a very poor prognosis. Outborn neonates with birth asphyxia had a higher mortality. Males were frequently affected than females.Measures should be taken to prevent neonatal mortality with great emphasis on skilled attendance at birth and appropriate care of preterm and low birth weight neonates.