Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interhemispheric Synchronization Between the AO and the AAO

Teleconnections between lower and higher latitude regions are widely known in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. To broaden our view of these teleconnections, we searched a reanalysis data set for evidence of a teleconnection between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), two widely separated circumpolar phenomena. Statistical analysis of the Japanese 55‐year reanalysis data set showed significant in‐phase synchronization between the AO and AAO, particularly in October and February, with a vertical structure extending from the troposphere to the stratosphere. This vertical structure may suggest a stratospheric control, and we did not find a significant signature indicating a tropical ocean control. We also observed decadal‐scale modulation of the synchronicity. Observational evidence implies that the stratospheric meridional circulation may be responsible for AO‐AAO synchronization.
Design, development and control of a human-inspired two-arm robot via Pneumatic Artificial Muscles

In this article, the design and implementation of a 10 Degree-of-Freedom (DoF) human-inspired two-arm robot is presented. Multiple Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAMs) in antagonistic formations are incorporated for undertaking the two arms' movements, while the design goal is the replication of human-like motion patterns, described by smoothness, inherent compliance and accuracy. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed concept, the 10-DoF robot is developed and experimentally tested in open and closed-loop control scenarios via the use of a multiple Advanced Nonlinear PID (ANPID) based scheme.
Embedded Inodes and Explicit Grouping: Exploiting Disk Bandwidth for Small Files

Small file performance in most file systems is limited by slowly improving disk access times, even though current file systems improve on-disk locality by allocating related data objects in the same general region. The key insight for why current file systems perform poorly is that locality is insufficient -- exploiting disk bandwidth for small data objects requires that they be placed adjacently. We describe C-FFS (Co-locating Fast File System), which introduces two techniques, embedded inodes and explicit grouping, for exploiting what disks do well (bulk data movement) to avoid what they do poorly (reposition to new locations). With embedded inodes, the inodes for most files are stored in the directory with the corresponding name, removing a physical level of indirection without sacrificing the logical level of indirection. With explicit grouping, the data blocks of multiple small files named by a given directory are allocated adjacently and moved to and from the disk as a unit in most cases. Measurements of our C-FFS implementation show that embedded inodes and explicit grouping have the potential to increase small file throughput (for both reads and writes) by a factor of 5-7 compared to the same file system without these techniques. The improvement comes directly from reducing the number of disk accesses required by an order of magnitude. Preliminary experience with software-development applications shows performance improvements ranging from 10-300 percent.
Chapter 5. Elderly People's Health - 65 and After

1Centre for Epidemiology, National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel: + 46 8 5555 3013, Fax: + 46 8 5555 3327. E-mail: gudrun.persson@sos.se, 2Centre for Epidemiology, National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel: + 46 8 5555 3258, Fax: + 46 8 5555 3327, 3University of Göteborg, Department of Social Medicine, Vasa hospital, SE. 411 33 Göteborg, Sweden. Tel: + 46 31 617 963, 4Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Box 6401, S-113 82 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel: + 46 8 690 5807, 5Institute of Gerontology, University College of Health Sciences, Box 1038, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden. Tel: + 46 36 324 900, 6National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel: + 46 8 5555 3261, 7National Institute of Public Health, SE-103 52 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel: + 46 8 5661 3500.
Associative Model of Morphological Analysis: An Empirical Inquiry

This paper presents a computational model for the analysis of word forms of a highly inflectional, agglutinative language. We call the model "associative" as it directly links phonemic stimulus with its morphemic interpretation(s) under the guidance of a coherence constraint. The model has been fully implemented for Finnish. We discuss separately the abstract model and various algorithms to implement the model. We also demonstrate the implementation. The best features of the method are its efficiency and its capability of supporting open lexicons.
LEAP: efficient security mechanisms for large-scale distributed sensor networks

In this paper, we describe LEAP (Localized Encryption and Authentication Protocol), a key management protocol for sensor networks that is designed to support in-network processing, while at the same time restricting the security impact of a node compromise to the immediate network neighborhood of the compromised node. The design of the protocol is motivated by the observation that different types of messages exchanged between sensor nodes have different security requirements, and that a single keying mechanism is not suitable for meeting these different security requirements. LEAP supports the establishment of four types of keys for each sensor node -- an individual key shared with the base station, a pairwise key shared with another sensor node, a cluster key shared with multiple neighboring nodes, and a group key that is shared by all the nodes in the network. The protocol used for establishing and updating these keys is communication- and energy-efficient, and minimizes the involvement of the base station. LEAP also includes an efficient protocol for inter-node traffic authentication based on the use of one-way key chains. A salient feature of the authentication protocol is that it supports source authentication without precluding in-network processing and passive participation. We analyze the performance and the security of our scheme under various attack models and show our schemes are very efficient in defending against many attacks.
DOrAM: real answers to real questions

Existing search engines generally retrieve information in response to logical queries consisting of keywords. In contrast, the agent system presented in this paper, DOrAM Domain Oriented Answering Machine), enables a user to submit a natural language question to the Web, and exploits the question's semantics (along with its keywords) in its search. Moreover, DOrAM improves upon the performance of existing search engines by returning content-based answers to the user's query.The DOrAM query-response agent is composed of four modules, corresponding to its four-stage approach to question answering. First, the domain of interest is defined in terms of characteristic concepts given by a human expert. Second, documents are gathered from the World Wide Web that are all related to this specialized domain. Third, an ontology is automatically constructed for this domain; this ontology encodes subject-action-object relations found in Web documents gathered in the previous step. The fourth step is the actual question answering stage, returning knowledge that was assembled in light of the user's question and the domain ontology.
Perceptual space of amplitude-modulated vibrotactile stimuli

Amplitude-modulated vibrotactile stimuli have been broadly used for tactile perception and rendering research. However, understandings of the perceptual relations between amplitude-modulated vibrations are not comprehensive yet. In this paper, we present a perceptual analysis on the identifying characteristics of amplitude-modulated vibrations and their perceptual relations. We estimated the perceptual dissimilarities among one carrier and seven amplitude-modulated sinusoidal vibrations (150-Hz carrier frequency; seven modulation frequencies in 1–80 Hz) in a psychophysical experiment. The dissimilarity scores were inspected using multi-dimensional scaling to obtain an appropriate perceptual space. The optimal perceptual space was two-dimensional, where the vibration points exhibited a circular formation. The analysis showed that the pulse-like low-frequency sensation of an amplitude-modulated vibration increased for very low modulation frequencies (1–10 Hz), then decreased for higher modulation frequencies (10–80 Hz), and eventually converged to the smooth vibrational sensation of the 150-Hz carrier signal. It also suggested that the envelope waveform is primary information for the discrimination of amplitude-modulated signals, instead of their spectral energy distributions. These findings can contribute to the design of perceptually salient and distinctive vibrotactile signals using amplitude modulation.
Temporal and Spatial Expression Patterns of Transgenes Containing Increasing Amounts of the Drosophila Clock Gene period and a lacZ Reporter : Mapping Elements of the PER Protein Involved in Circadian Cycling

Rhythmic oscillations of the PER protein, the product of the Drosophila period ( per) gene, in brain neurons of the adult fly are strongly involved in the control of circadian rhythms. We analyzed temporal and spatial expression patterns of three per–reporter fusion genes, which share the same 4 kb regulatory upstream region but contain increasing amounts of per’s coding region fused in frame to the bacterial lacZ gene. The fusion proteins contained either the N-terminal half (SG), the N-terminal two-thirds (BG), or nearly all (XLG) of the PER protein. All constructs led to reporter signals only in the known per-expressing cell types within the anterior CNS and PNS. Whereas the staining intensity of SG flies was constantly high at different Zeitgeber times, the in situ signals in BG and XLG flies cycled with ;24 hr periodicity in the PER-expressing brain cells in wild-type and per loss of function flies. Despite the rhythmic fusion-gene expression within the relevant neurons of per BG flies, their locomotor activity in light/dark cycling conditions and in constant darkness was identical to that of per controls, uncoupling protein cycling from rhythmic behavior. The XLG construct restored weak behavioral rhythmicity to (otherwise) per flies, indicating that the C-terminal third of PER (missing in BG) is necessary to fulfill the biological function of this clock protein.
A Cost Benefit Analysis of Emerging LED Water Purification Systems in Expeditionary Environments

The Air Force is a rapid mobile force responsible for national defense and reaction to calls for humanitarian aid across the globe. Rapid Global Mobility is a major tenant of the Air Force strategy. It provides the nation its global reach, underpins its role as a global power, and ensures that tomorrow, just as today, the United States can respond quickly and decisively to unexpected challenges to its interests. The ability to produce or acquire potable water is an essential piece of this tenant. Reverse Osmosis Water Purifications Units (ROWPUs), the workhorse for all military units, provide the necessary capability but do so at extraordinary capital and ownership costs. A 1500gallon per hour rated ROWPU requires a dedicated 60kW generator, frequent element and filter replacement, and regular overhauls at a cost of nearly $40K per unit per occurrence. Developing LED UV technology is expected to make purification systems more robust, efficient, and cheaper than ever before. This research investigates UV LED emerging technology to determine if it can be configured to perform as a near term, cost effective alternative.
Hierarchies of Conditional Beliefs and Interactive Epistemology in Dynamic Games

Abstract The epistemic analysis of solution concepts for dynamic games involves statements about the players' beliefs conditional upon different histories of play, their conditional beliefs about each other's conditional beliefs, etc. To represent such statements, we construct a space of infinite (coherent) hierarchies of conditional probability systems, defined with respect to a fixed collection of relevant hypotheses concerning an external state (e.g., the strategy profile being played.) As an application, we derive results about common certainty of the opponent's rationality conditonal on an arbitrary collection of histories in multistage games with observed actions and (possibly) incomplete information. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, D82.
Vehicle dynamics estimation for camera-based visibility distance estimation

The presence of an area with low visibility conditions is a relevant information for autonomous vehicle as far as environment sensing is important regarding safety. In this aim, we develop a generic sensor of visibility using an onboard camera in a vehicle. Our approach consists in estimating the range to the most distant object belonging to the plane of the road having at least 5% of contrast. The originality of this approach lies in the fact that the depth map of the vehicle environment is obtained by aligning the road plane in successive images. This algorithm exploits the dynamics of the vehicle which is given or observed from proprioceptive sensors classically available on public vehicles. In this paper, we present the principle of our approach in terms of image processing and explain how the vehicle dynamics takes part in it with a sensitivity study.
Diagnosis and Management of Periprosthetic Elbow Infection.

➤ Periprosthetic elbow infections rarely involve systemic symptoms such as fever or malaise. ➤ Unlike tests for periprosthetic hip and knee infections, the diagnostic utility of blood testing and joint aspiration for periprosthetic elbow infection has not been demonstrated to date. ➤ Intraoperative histological analysis has good specificity (93.1%) but very low sensitivity (51.3%) for periprosthetic elbow infection. ➤ Emerging diagnostic options such as implant sonication, molecular analysis, and advanced synovial fluid cytokine and protein analysis may reduce diagnostic uncertainty in the future. ➤ Recommended surgical treatment options for an infection at the site of an elbow arthroplasty include implant retention and debridement, two-stage revision with or without techniques for restoration of bone stock and triceps continuity, and resection arthroplasty.
Optimal current reference with maximum thrust criterion for linear induction machine based deadbeat control

Due to the current constraint of linear induction machine (LIM) and voltage constraint of inverter, the output thrust of LIM is limited. So, in order to make LIM output thrust as large as possible within current and voltage limit, firstly, the maximum thrust per ampere (MTPA) is used to achieve maximum thrust with limited current in low speed. Secondly, with the speed of LIM increasing, the voltage limit of inverter has to be considered by the method of field-weakening. And similar to the concept of MTPA, the maximum thrust per volt (MTPV) is deduced for achieving maximum thrust within the voltage constraint of inverter. Finally, the deadbeat control method is applied to LIM for high tracking performance, and both simulation and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed control strategy.
Selection of experience for memory by hippocampal sharp wave ripples

Experiences need to be tagged during learning for further consolidation. However, neurophysiological mechanisms that select experiences for lasting memory are not known. By combining large-scale neural recordings in mice with dimensionality reduction techniques, we observed that successive maze traversals were tracked by continuously drifting populations of neurons, providing neuronal signatures of both places visited and events encountered. When the brain state changed during reward consumption, sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) occurred on some trials, and their specific spike content decoded the trial blocks that surrounded them. During postexperience sleep, SPW-Rs continued to replay those trial blocks that were reactivated most frequently during waking SPW-Rs. Replay content of awake SPW-Rs may thus provide a neurophysiological tagging mechanism to select aspects of experience that are preserved and consolidated for future use. Editor’s summary In everyday life, there are many potential events to be remembered. However, only a small fraction are retained. Simultaneously recording large numbers of neurons from the hippocampus, Yang et al. found that their population activity differentiated not only the position of the animal in a maze but also the exact trial number in a memory task. After some trials, sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) occurred during reward consummation. The spike content of these SPW-Rs replayed the population activity during the maze run on that trial. Later, SPW-Rs occurred during non–rapid eye movement sleep, and these sleep SPW-Rs replayed mainly the sequences that were tagged by the waking SPW-Rs in the maze. This is a candidate tagging mechanism that determines which waking experience(s) will undergo long-term consolidation. —Peter Stern Hippocampal sharp wave ripples in the awake animal select events to be remembered by selectively consolidating them during sleep.
Near-Linear Time Construction of Sparse Neighborhood Covers

This paper introduces a near-linear time sequential algorithm for constructing a sparse neighborhood cover. This implies analogous improvements (from quadratic to near-linear time) for any problem whose solution relies on network decompositions, including small edge cuts in planar graphs, approximate shortest paths, and weight- and distance-preserving graph spanners. In particular, an O(log n) approximation to the k-shortest paths problem on an n-vertex, E-edge graph is obtained that runs in $\soh{n + E + k}$ time.
An Inductively Powered Scalable 32-Channel Wireless Neural Recording System-on-a-Chip for Neuroscience Applications

We present an inductively powered 32-channel wireless integrated neural recording (WINeR) system-on-a-chip (SoC) to be ultimately used for one or more small freely behaving animals. The inductive powering is intended to relieve the animals from carrying bulky batteries used in other wireless systems, and enables long recording sessions. The WINeR system uses time-division multiplexing along with a novel power scheduling method that reduces the current in unused low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) to cut the total SoC power consumption. In addition, an on-chip high-efficiency active rectifier with optimized coils help improve the overall system power efficiency, which is controlled in a closed loop to supply stable power to the WINeR regardless of the coil displacements. The WINeR SoC has been implemented in a 0.5-μ m standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process, measuring 4.9×3.3 mm2 and consuming 5.85 mW at ±1.5 V when 12 out of 32 LNAs are active at any time by power scheduling. Measured input-referred noise for the entire system, including the receiver located at 1.2 m, is 4.95 μVrms in the 1 Hz~10 kHz range when the system is inductively powered with 7-cm separation between aligned coils.
Metabolic abnormalities detected by 1H-MRS in dyscalculia and dysgraphia

Article abstract Proton MRS was performed in a patient with developmental acalculia. The results indicated a focal, wedge-shaped defect in the left temporoparietal brain region near the angular gyrus, with differential decreases in N-acetyl-aspartate, creatine, and choline. These results support the hypothesis that developmental acalculia, like acquired acalculia, is associated with left posterior hemisphere lesions.
Transforming Syntactic Graphs Into Semantic Graphs

In this paper, we present a computational method for transforming a syntactic graph, which represents all syntactic interpretations of a sentence, into a semantic graph which filters out certain interpretations, but also incorporates any remaining ambiguities. We argue that the resulting ambiguous graph, supported by an exclusion matrix, is a useful data structure for question answering and other semantic processing. Our research is based on the principle that ambiguity is an inherent aspect of natural language communication.
Body Node Coordinator Placement Algorithms for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are intelligent wireless monitoring systems, consisting of wearable, and implantable computing devices on or in the human body. They are used to support a variety of personalized, advanced, and integrated applications in the field of medical, fitness, sports, military, and consumer electronics. In a WBAN, network longevity is a major challenge due to the limitation of the availability of energy supply in body nodes. Therefore, routing protocols can play a key role towards making such networks energy efficient. In this work, we exhibit that a routing protocol together with an effective body node coordinator (BNC) deployment strategy can influence the network lifetime eminently. Our initial work shows that the variation in the placement of a BNC within a WBAN could significantly vary the overall network lifetime. This motivated us to work on an effective node placement strategy for a BNC, within a WBAN; and thus we propose three different BNC placement algorithms considering different features of available energy efficient routing protocols in a WBAN. Our simulation results show that these algorithms along with an appropriate routing protocol can prolong the network lifetime by up to 47.45%.
Sampling Precomputed Volumetric Lighting

Precomputing volumetric lighting allows realistic mutual shadowing and reflections between objects with little runtime cost: for example, using an irradiance volume the shadows and reflections due to a static scene can be precomputed into a three-dimensional grid and this grid can be used to shade moving objects at runtime. However, a rather low spatial resolution has to be used to keep the memory requirements acceptable. For this reason, these methods often suffer from aliasing artifacts. In this article we introduce a new sampling algorithm for precomputing lighting into a regular three-dimensional grid. The advantage of the new method is that it dramatically reduces aliasing while adding only a small overhead for the precomputation time. Additionally, the runtime component does not have to be changed at all.
World Wide Web site summarization

Summaries of Web sites help Web users get an idea of the site contents without having to spend time browsing the sites. Currently, manually constructed summaries of Web sites by volunteer experts are available, such as the DMOZ Open Directory Project. This research is directed towards automating the Web site summarization task. To achieve this objective, an approach which applies machine learning and natural language processing techniques is developed to summarize a Web site automatically. The information content of the automatically generated summaries is compared, via a formal evaluation process involving human subjects, to DMOZ summaries, home page browsing and time-limited site browsing, for a number of academic and commercial Web sites. Statistical evaluation of the scores of the answers to a list of questions about the sites demonstrates that the automatically generated summaries convey the same information to the reader as DMOZ summaries do, and more information than the two browsing options.