Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN OUTER PLANET BEYOND PLUTO AND THE ORIGIN OF THE TRANS-NEPTUNIAN BELT ARCHITECTURE

Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are remnants of a collisionally and dynamically evolved planetesimal disk in the outer solar system. This complex structure, known as the trans-Neptunian belt (or Edgeworth–Kuiper belt), can reveal important clues about disk properties, planet formation, and other evolutionary processes. In contrast to the predictions of accretion theory, TNOs exhibit surprisingly large eccentricities, e, and inclinations, i, which can be grouped into distinct dynamical classes. Several models have addressed the origin and orbital evolution of TNOs, but none has reproduced detailed observations, e.g., all dynamical classes and peculiar objects, or provided insightful predictions. Based on extensive simulations of planetesimal disks with the presence of the four giant planets and massive planetesimals, we propose that the orbital history of an outer planet with tenths of the Earth's mass can explain the trans-Neptunian belt orbital structure. This massive body was likely scattered by one of the giant planets, which then stirred the primordial planetesimal disk to the levels observed at 40–50 AU and truncated it at about 48 AU before planet migration. The outer planet later acquired an inclined stable orbit (≥100 AU; 20–40°) because of a resonant interaction with Neptune (an r:1 or r:2 resonance possibly coupled with the Kozai mechanism), guaranteeing the stability of the trans-Neptunian belt. Our model consistently reproduces the main features of each dynamical class with unprecedented detail; it also satisfies other constraints such as the current small total mass of the trans-Neptunian belt and Neptune's current orbit at 30.1 AU. We also provide observationally testable predictions.
Domain Transferability-Based Deep Domain Generalization Method Towards Actual Fault Diagnosis Scenarios

Recent years have witnessed the successful development of using knowledge transfer strategies to tackle cross-domain fault diagnosis problems. Most existing studies generally assume the availability of target data during training to guide the domain adaptation process. Actually, this assumption is difficult to hold in many real engineering scenarios, where fault data cannot be obtained in advance. Therefore, how to mine universal and effective diagnosis knowledge only from the source domain and generalize it to unseen target tasks is crucial for further developing intelligent cross-domain fault diagnosis. With this in mind, this article proposes a novel domain transferability-based deep domain generalization (DT-DDG) method. To achieve excellent diagnostic performance on the unseen domain, an adversarial training scheme combining the dynamic weighting strategy and a batch spectral penalization regularization term is elaborated so that the domain-invariant and discriminative features can be extracted from multiple source domains with potential discrepancies, which can hold in new target domain without assuming the available of fault data. Moreover, the network architecture is further optimized to address the category shift problem, thus taking full advantage of more source domains and learn more abundant diagnosis knowledge. On multiple generalization tasks using five datasets, the effectiveness and superiority of the DT-DDG method are validated, and the results show its great promise in actual fault diagnosis scenarios.
THE ACS FORNAX CLUSTER SURVEY. IV. DEPROJECTION OF THE SURFACE BRIGHTNESS PROFILES OF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES IN THE VIRGO AND FORNAX CLUSTERS: INVESTIGATING THE “CORE/POWER-LAW DICHOTOMY”

Although early observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) pointed to a sharp dichotomy among early-type galaxies in terms of the logarithmic slope γ′ of their central surface brightness profiles, several studies in the past few years have called this finding into question. In particular, recent imaging surveys of 143 early-type galaxies belonging to the Virgo and Fornax Clusters using the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on board HST have not found a dichotomy in γ′, but instead a systematic progression from central luminosity deficit to excess relative to the inward extrapolation of the best-fitting global Sérsic model. Given that earlier studies also found that the dichotomy persisted when analyzing the deprojected density profile slopes, we investigate the distribution of the three-dimensional luminosity density profiles of the ACS Virgo and Fornax Cluster Survey galaxies. Having fitted the surface brightness profiles with modified Sérsic models, we then deproject the galaxies using an Abel integral and measure the inner slopes γ3D of the resulting luminosity density profiles at various fractions of the effective radius Re. We find no evidence of a dichotomy, but rather, a continuous variation in the central luminosity profiles as a function of galaxy magnitude. We introduce a parameter, Δ3D, that measures the central deviation of the deprojected luminosity profiles from the global Sérsic fit, showing that this parameter varies smoothly and systematically along the luminosity function.
Non-Gaussian shape discrimination with spectroscopic galaxy surveys

We consider how galaxy clustering data, from Mpc to Gpc scales, from upcoming large scale structure surveys, such as Euclid and DESI, can provide discriminating information about the bispectrum shape arising from a variety of inflationary scenarios. Through exploring in detail the weighting of shape properties in the calculation of the halo bias and halo mass function we show how they probe a broad range of configurations, beyond those in the squeezed limit, that can help distinguish between shapes with similar large scale bias behaviors. We assess the impact, on constraints for a diverse set of non-Gaussian shapes, of galaxy clustering information in the mildly non-linear regime, and surveys that span multiple redshifts and employ different galactic tracers of the dark matter distribution. Fisher forecasts are presented for a Euclid-like spectroscopic survey of Hα-selected emission line galaxies (ELGs), and a DESI-like survey, of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) and [O-II] doublet-selected ELGs, in combination with Planck-like CMB temperature and polarization data.While ELG samples provide better probes of shapes that are divergent in the squeezed limit, LRG constraints, centered below z<1, yield stronger constraints on shapes with scale-independent large-scale halo biases, such as the equilateral template. The ELG and LRG samples provide complementary degeneracy directions for distinguishing between different shapes. For Hα-selected galaxies, we note that recent revisions of the expected Hα luminosity function reduce the halo bias constraints on the local shape, relative to the CMB. For galaxy clustering constraints to be comparable to those from the CMB, additional information about the Gaussian galaxy bias is needed, such as can be determined from the galaxy clustering bispectrum or probing the halo power spectrum directly through weak lensing. If the Gaussian galaxy bias is constrained to better than a percent level then the LSS and CMB data could provide complementary constraints that will enable differentiation of bispectrum with distinct theoretical origins but with similar large scale, squeezed-limit properties.
Structure of gamma-ray burst jets: intrinsic versus apparent properties

With this paper we introduce the concept of apparent structure of a GRB jet, as opposed to its intrinsic structure. The latter is customarily defined specifying the functions ( ) (the energy emitted per jet unit solid angle) and ( ) (the Lorentz factor of the emitting material); the apparent structure is instead defined by us as the isotropic equivalent energy Eiso( v) as a function of the viewing angle v. We show how to predict the apparent structure of a jet given its intrinsic structure. We find that a Gaussian intrinsic structure yields a power law apparent structure: this opens a new viewpoint on the Gaussian (which can be understood as a proxy for a realistic narrow, well collimated jet structure) as a possible candidate for a quasi-universal GRB jet structure. We show that such a model (a) is consistent with recent constraints on the observed luminosity function of GRBs; (b) implies fewer orphan afterglows with respect to the standard uniform model; (c) can break out the progenitor star (in the collapsar scenario) without wasting an unreasonable amount of energy; (d) is compatible with the explanation of the Amati correlation as a viewing angle effect; (e) can be very standard in energy content, and still yield a very wide range of observed isotropic equivalent energies.
Association of Workplace Culture of Health and Employee Emotional Wellbeing

The study aimed to examine associations between workplace culture of health and employee work engagement, stress, and depression. Employees (n = 6235) across 16 companies voluntarily completed the Workplace Culture of Health (COH) Scale and provided data including stress, depression, and biometrics through health risk assessments and screening. We used linear regression analysis with COH scores as the independent variable to predict work engagement, stress, and depression. We included age, gender, job class, organization, and biometrics as covariates in the models. The models showed that total COH scores were a significant predictor of employee work engagement (b = 0.75, p < 0.001), stress (b = −0.08, p < 0.001), and depression (b = 0.08, p < 0.001). Job class was also a significant predictor of work engagement (b = 2.18, p < 0.001), stress (b = 0.95, p < 0.001), and depression (b = 1.03, p = 0.02). Gender was a predictor of stress (b = −0.32, p < 0.001). Overall, findings indicate a strong workplace culture of health is associated with higher work engagement and lower employee stress and depression independent of individual health status. Measuring cultural wellbeing supportiveness can help inform implementation plans for companies to improve the emotional wellbeing of their employees.
Thermal Noise on Adiabatic Quantum Computation

The success of adiabatic quantum computation (AQC) depends crucially on the ability to maintain the quantum computer in the ground state of the evolution Hamiltonian. The computation process has to be sufficiently slow as restricted by the minimal energy gap. However, at finite temperatures, it might need to be fast enough to avoid thermal excitations. The question is, how fast does it need to be? The structure of evolution Hamiltonians for AQC is generally too complicated for answering this question. Here we model an adiabatic quantum computer as a (parametrically driven) harmonic oscillator. The advantages of this model are (1) it offers high flexibility for quantitative analysis on the thermal effect, (2) the results qualitatively agree with previous numerical calculation, and (3) it could be experimentally verified with quantum electronic circuits.
Forty Years without Family: Three Novel Bacteriophages with High Similarity to SPP1 Reveal Decades of Evolutionary Stasis since the Isolation of Their Famous Relative

SPP1, an extensively studied bacteriophage of the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, is a model system for the study of phage–host interactions. Despite progress in the isolation and characterization of Bacillus phages, no previously fully sequenced phages have shared more than passing genetic similarity to SPP1. Here, we describe three virulent phages very similar to SPP1; SPP1 has greater than 80% nucleotide sequence identity and shares more that 85% of its protein coding genes with these phages. This is remarkable, given more than 40 years between the isolation of SPP1 and these phages. All three phages have somewhat larger genomes and more genes than SPP1. We identified a new putative gene in SPP1 based on a conserved sequence found in all phages. Gene conservation connotes purifying selection and is observed in structural genes and genes involved in DNA metabolism, but also in genes of unknown function, suggesting an important role in phage survival independent of the environment. Patterns of divergence point to genes or gene domains likely involved in adaptation to diverse hosts or different environments. Ultimately, comparative genomics of related phages provides insight into the long-term selective pressures that affect phage–bacteria interactions and alter phage genome content.
Structural Modification of Jackfruit Leaf Protein Concentrate by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Their Effect on the Emulsifier Properties

Jackfruit leaf protein concentrate (LPC) was hydrolyzed by pepsin (H–Pep) and pancreatin (H–Pan) at different hydrolysis times (30–240 min). The effect of the enzyme type and hydrolysis time of the LPC on the amino acid composition, structure, and thermal properties and its relationship with the formation of O/W emulsions were investigated. The highest release of amino acids (AA) occurred at 240 min for both enzymes. H–Pan showed the greatest content of essential and hydrophobic amino acids. Low β-sheet fractions and high β-turn contents had a greater influence on the emulsifier properties. In H–Pep, the β-sheet fraction increased, while in H–Pan it decreased as a function of hydrolysis time. The temperatures of glass transition and decomposition were highest in H–Pep due to the high content of β-sheets. The stabilized emulsions with H–Pan (180 min of hydrolysis) showed homogeneous distributions and smaller particle sizes. The changes in the secondary structure and AA composition of the protein hydrolysates by the effect of enzyme type and hydrolysis time influenced the emulsifying properties. However, further research is needed to explore the use of H–Pan as an alternative to conventional emulsifiers or ingredients in functional foods.
Epidemiology of Snake Bites Linked with the Antivenoms Production in Colombia 2008–2020: Produced Vials Do Not Meet the Needs

Introduction Snakebite envenomation is a public health event of mandatory reporting in Colombia. It is considered a medical emergency in which the government must guarantee antivenom availability. We describe snakebite epidemiological figures in Colombia between 2008 and 2020 and correlate them with antivenom manufacturing figures to determine rate coverage and the need for antivenom. Methods We performed an ecological study based on secondary official figures from the National Health Institute, the National Institute for Surveillance of Medicines and Foods, the National Administrative Department of Statistics and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated with 95% confidence intervals, position measurements, dispersion and central tendency. Results Through our research, we revealed that in the last 13 years (2008–2020), there were an average of 4467 annual snakebite envenomation cases affecting all the departments in Colombia. Antioquia reported the highest number of snakebites with 647 (95% CI 588–706) cases per year. The population incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was 9.5; the highest rates were found in Vaupés at 116.1 and Guaviare at 79.24. During the last seven years (2014–2020) Colombia produced an average of 21,104 antivenom vials per year, while the annual demand for antivenom is estimated at 54,440 units needed to guarantee access. Discussion Colombia does not produce sufficient vials to cover their needs, and this is why only 74.4% of accidents (out of the 92% not classified as dry bites) were treated, and even 9.7% of the severe accidents did not receive the specific treatment (8% of the victims were classified as dry bites). Figures support the regular antivenom shortages declared by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection in the last 13 years (11 health emergency declarations). New efforts are needed to: 1) boost the production of GMP-based high-quality antivenom, that covers the national needs and is made availability, 2) a better estimation method to calculate the need for antivenom in Colombia, and 3) implementation of production-distribution chains guaranteeing access in remote communities.
The Role of CT-Angiography in the Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Pictorial Essay of Active and Obscure Findings

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a potentially life-threatening abdominal emergency that remains a common cause of hospitalisation. Although 80–85% of cases of gastrointestinal bleeding resolve spontaneously, it can result in massive haemorrhage and death. The presentation of gastrointestinal bleeding can range from asymptomatic or mildly ill patients requiring only conservative treatments to severely ill patients requiring immediate intervention. Identifying the source of the bleeding can be difficult due to the wide range of potential causes, the length of the gastrointestinal tract and the intermittent nature of the bleeding. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach is fully dependent on the nature of the bleeding and the patient’s haemodynamic status. Radiologists should be aware of the appropriate uses of computed tomography angiography and other imaging modalities in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as the semiotics of bleeding and diagnostic pitfalls in order to appropriately diagnose and manage these patients. The learning objective of this review is to illustrate the computed tomography angiography technique, including the potential role of dual-energy computed tomography angiography, also highlighting the tips and tricks to identify the most common and uncommon features of acute gastrointestinal bleeding and its obscure form.
Modification of the halo mass function by kurtosis associated with primordial non-Gaussianity

We study the halo mass function in the presence of a kurtosis type of primordial non-Gaussianity. The kurtosis corresponds to the trispectrum as defined in Fourier space. The primordial trispectrum is commonly characterized by two parameters, τNL and gNL. We focus on τNL which is an important parameter to test the physics of multifield inflation models. As applications of the derived non-Gaussian mass function, we consider the effects on the abundance of void structure, on early star formation and on formation of the most massive objects at high redshift. We show that by comparing the effects of primordial non-Gaussianity on cluster abundance with that on void abundance, we can distinguish between the skewness and the kurtosis types of primordial non-Gaussianity. As for early star formation, we show that the kurtosis type of primordial non-Gaussianity seems on the average not to affect the reionization history of the Universe. However, at high redshifts (up to z≃ 20) such non-Gaussianity does somewhat affect the early stages of reionization.
CHARACTERIZING THE TURBULENT PROPERTIES OF THE STARLESS MOLECULAR CLOUD MBM 16

We investigate turbulent properties of the non-star-forming, translucent molecular cloud MBM 16 by applying the statistical technique of a two-dimensional spatial power spectrum (SPS) on the neutral hydrogen (H i) observations obtained by the Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array H i survey. The SPS, calculated over the range of spatial scales from 0.1 to 17 pc, is well represented with a single power-law function, with a slope ranging from −3.3 to −3.7 and being consistent over the velocity range of MBM 16 for a fixed velocity channel thickness. However, the slope varies significantly with the velocity slice thickness, suggesting that both velocity and density contribute to H i intensity fluctuations. By using this variation, we estimate the slope of three-dimensional density fluctuations in MBM 16 to be −3.7 ± 0.2. This is significantly steeper than what has been found for H i in the Milky Way plane, the Small Magellanic Cloud, or the Magellanic Bridge, suggesting that interstellar turbulence in MBM 16 is driven on scales >17 pc and that the lack of stellar feedback could be responsible for the steep power spectrum.
Post-Injury Buprenorphine Administration Is Associated with Long-Term Region-Specific Glial Alterations in Rats

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major leading cause of death and disability. While previous studies regarding focal pathologies following TBI have been done, there is a lack of information concerning the role of analgesics and their influences on injury pathology. Buprenorphine (Bup), an opioid analgesic, is a commonly used analgesic in experimental TBI models. Our previous studies investigated the acute effects of Buprenorphine-sustained release-Lab (Bup-SR-Lab) on diffuse neuronal/glial pathology, neuroinflammation, cell damage, and systemic physiology. The current study investigated the longer-term chronic outcomes of Bup-SR-Lab treatment at 4 weeks following TBI utilizing a central fluid percussion injury (cFPI) model in adult male rats. Histological assessments of physiological changes, neuronal damage, cortical and thalamic cytokine expression, microglial and astrocyte morphological changes, and myelin alterations were done, as we had done in our acute study. In the current study the Whisker Nuisance Task (WNT) was also performed pre- and 4w post-injury to assess changes in somatosensory sensitivity following saline or Bup-SR-Lab treatment. Bup-SR-Lab treatment had no impact on overall physiology or neuronal damage at 4w post-injury regardless of region or injury, nor did it have any significant effects on somatosensory sensitivity. However, greater IL-4 cytokine expression with Bup-SR-Lab treatment was observed compared to saline treated animals. Microglia and astrocytes also demonstrated region-specific morphological alterations associated with Bup-SR-Lab treatment, in which cortical microglia and thalamic astrocytes were particularly vulnerable to Bup-mediated changes. There were discernable injury-specific and region-specific differences regarding myelin integrity and changes in specific myelin basic protein (MBP) isoform expression following Bup-SR-Lab treatment. This study indicates that use of Bup-SR-Lab could impact TBI-induced glial alterations in a region-specific manner 4w following diffuse brain injury.
MODEL SPECTRA OF THE FIRST POTENTIALLY HABITABLE SUPER-EARTH—Gl581d

Gl581d has a minimum mass of 7 MEarth and is the first detected potentially habitable rocky Super-Earth. Our models confirm that a habitable atmosphere can exist on Gl581d. We derive spectroscopic features for atmospheres assuming an Earth-like composition for this planet, from high-oxygen atmosphere analogous to Earth's to high-CO2 atmospheres with and without biotic oxygen concentrations. We find that a minimum CO2 partial pressure of about 7 bar, in an atmosphere with a total surface pressure of 7.6 bar, is needed to maintain a mean surface temperature above freezing on Gl581d. We model transmission and emergent synthetic spectra from 0.4 μm to 40 μm and show where indicators of biological activities in such a planet's atmosphere could be observed by future ground- and space-based telescopes. The model we present here only represents one possible nature—an Earth-like composition—of a planet like Gl581d in a wide parameter space. Future observations of atmospheric features can be used to examine if our concept of habitability and its dependence on the carbonate–silicate cycle is correct, and assess whether Gl581d is indeed a habitable Super-Earth.