Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Celiac disease in children: A review of the literature

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated systemic disease triggered by intake of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The prevalence of celiac disease in the general population is estimated to be 1% in the world. Its prevalence differs depending on geographical and ethnic variations. The prevalence of celiac disease has increased significantly in the last 30 years due to the increased knowledge and awareness of physicians and the widespread use of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for celiac disease. Despite increased awareness and knowledge about celiac disease, up to 95% of celiac patients still remain undiagnosed. The presentations of celiac disease have significantly changed in the last few decades. Classical symptoms of celiac disease occur in a minority of celiac patients, while older children have either minimal or atypical symptoms. Serologic tests for celiac disease should be done in patients with unexplained chronic or intermittent diarrhea, failure to thrive, weight loss, delayed puberty, short stature, amenorrhea, iron deficiency anemia, nausea, vomiting, chronic abdominal pain, abdominal distension, chronic constipation, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and abnormal liver enzyme elevation, and in children who belong to specific groups at risk. Early diagnosis of celiac disease is very important to prevent long-term complications. Currently, the only effective treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnostic tests, and treatment of celiac disease in the light of the latest literature.
T-Dependent Antibody Responses IL-21 and IL-4 Collaborate To Shape

The selection of afﬁnity-matured Ab-producing B cells is supported by interactions with T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. In addition to cell surface–expressed molecules, cytokines produced by Tfh cells, such as IL-21 and IL-4, provide B cell helper signals. In this study, we analyze how the ﬁtness of Th cells can inﬂuence Ab responses. To do this, we used a model in which IL-21R–sufﬁcient (wild-type [WT]) and –deﬁcient ( Il21r 2 / 2 ) Ag-speciﬁc Tfh cells were used to help immunodeﬁcient Il21r 2 / 2 B cells following T-dependent immunization. Il21r 2 / 2 B cells that had received help from WT Tfh cells, but not from Il21r 2 / 2 Tfh cells, generated afﬁnity-matured Ab upon recall immunization. This effect was dependent on IL-4 produced in the primary response and associated with an increased fraction of memory B cells. Il21r 2 / 2 Tfh cells were distinguished from WT Tfh cells by a decreased frequency, reduced conjugate formation with B cells, increased expression of programmed cell death 1, and reduced production of IL-4. IL-21 also inﬂuenced responsiveness to IL-4 because expression of both membrane IL-4R and the IL-4–neutralizing soluble (s)IL-4R were reduced in Il21r 2 / 2 mice. Furthermore, the concentration of sIL-4R was found to correlate inversely with the amount of IgE in sera, such that the highest IgE levels were observed in Il21r 2 / 2 mice with the least sIL-4R. Taken together, these ﬁndings underscore
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), viral load and clinical outcomes; lessons learned one year into the pandemic: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is diagnosed via real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reported as a binary assessment of the test being positive or negative. High SARS-CoV-2 viral load is an independent predictor of disease severity and mortality. Quantitative RT-PCR may be useful in predicting the clinical course and prognosis of patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). AIM To identify whether quantitative SARS-CoV-2 viral load assay correlates with clinical outcome in COVID-19 infections. METHODS A systematic literature search was undertaken for a period between December 30, 2019 to December 31, 2020 in PubMed/MEDLINE using combination of terms “COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Ct values, Log10 copies, quantitative viral load, viral dynamics, kinetics, association with severity, sepsis, mortality and infectiousness’’. After screening 990 manuscripts, a total of 60 manuscripts which met the inclusion criteria were identified. Data on age, number of patients, sample sites, RT-PCR targets, disease severity, intensive care unit admission, mortality and conclusions of the studies was extracted, organized and is analyzed. RESULTS At present there is no Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization for quantitative viral load assay in the current pandemic. The intent of this research is to identify whether quantitative SARS-CoV-2 viral load assay correlates with severity of infection and mortality? High SARS-CoV-2 viral load was found to be an independent predictor of disease severity and mortality in majority of studies, and may be useful in COVID-19 infection in susceptible individuals such as elderly, patients with co-existing medical illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and immunosuppressed. High viral load is also associated with elevated levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and C reactive protein contributing to a hyper-inflammatory state and severe infection. However there is a wide heterogeneity in fluid samples and different phases of the disease and these data should be interpreted with caution and considered only as trends. CONCLUSION Our observations support the hypothesis of reporting quantitative RT-PCR in SARS-CoV-2 infection. It may serve as a guiding principle for therapy and infection control policies for current and future pandemics.
Folate in Milk Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria from Different Food Sources

Folates are essential micronutrients, and folate deficiency still occurs in many countries. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to be able to synthesize folates during fermentation, but the folate production is strain-dependent and influenced by the fermentation medium, presence of a folate precursor, and fermentation time. This study aimed to screen extracellular folate-producing LAB from local food sources and evaluate the factors influencing their folate biosynthesis during milk fermentation. The selection of folate-producing LAB was based on their ability to grow in folate-free medium (FACM), with folate concentrations quantified by microbiological assay. Growth of the 18 LAB in FACM varied between isolates, with only 8 isolates growing well and able to synthesize extracellular folate at relatively high concentrations (up to 24.27 ng/mL). The isolates with highest extracellular folate levels, Lactobacillus fermentum JK13 from kefir granules, Lactobacillus plantarum 4C261 from salted mustard, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 from breast milk, were applied to milk fermentation. The last two isolates were probiotic candidates. The three isolates consumed folate when it was present in the milk, and its consumption was in line with their growth. The availability of folate precursors affected the amount of folate consumed, but did not lead to increased folate concentrations in the medium after 72 h fermentation. The results of this study indicate that these isolates cannot be utilized for producing folate in folate-containing milk, as it shows feedback inhibition on folate biosynthesis.
Engaging Family Physicians in the Provision of Palliative and End-of-Life Care: Can We Do Better?

Background: Evidence shows the benefits of having a family physician (FP) at the heart of a care team that delivers palliative and end-of-life care (PEoLC). However, FPs have limitations on their ability to provide PEoLC. Objectives: We conducted a quality improvement study to (1) explore the barriers FPs encounter in providing PEoLC in our metropolitan context and (2) identify potential strategies to overcome these challenges. Methods: We interviewed a cohort of FPs from 10 different clinical practices within a metropolitan area (British Columbia [BC], Canada); this cohort is not regularly engaged with our Specialist Palliative Care Team. Verbatim transcripts were examined using inductive thematic analysis. Results: All FPs identified home visits as a critical aspect of being able to provide PEoLC. Despite this consensus, work-life balance, time, and compensation are major barriers to providing home visits and PEoLC. Local healthcare system awareness (available resources, why and how to access them) was identified as a barrier that can potentially be addressed through education sessions. Although 5 out of 10 FPs had not had formal palliative care education or training, clinical education was not considered a barrier to provide PEoLC. Conclusion: Providing FPs with tools and resources through education, including why and how to access them, and adjusting the BC compensation model to address home visit's travel time and time modifiers may better support FPs to provide PEoLC.
OUT-OF-PLANE SHAKING-TABLE TESTS OF AN INNOVATIVE MASONRY INFILL WITH SLIDING JOINTS

Within the European FP7 Project "INSYSME", the research unit of the University of Pavia has developed a seismic resistant masonry infill system with original details (see Morandi et al. 2016), which subdivides the masonry panel into horizontal stripes trough the insertion of "sliding joints" and deformable joints at the infillframe interface. The out-of-plane stability is governed by the flexural resistance of the masonry stripes and adequate supports at the RC columns. The solution takes advantage to principles already developed in other researches (i.e., Lin et al. 2011, Mohammadi et al. 2011, Preti et al. 2016). An extensive experimental campaign, composed by tests of characterization, in-plane cyclic tests on one-storey one-bay full scale RC bare frame and two different configurations of infilled frames (with and without a central opening) followed by out-of-plane shaking-table dynamic tests, and a dynamic test on a shaking table of a full scale two-storey building, has been performed. In this paper, the results of the out-of-plane dynamic tests on shaking-table conducted on the specimens with and without opening are discussed. A very demanding testing protocol, constituted of artificial input motions at increasing intensity, has been applied. The out-of-plane response along the height of the walls has been studied through acceleration and displacement time histories measured at each stripe. The out-of-plane experimental performance of this infill system appears to be very promising for real applications.
Automatic Subject Indexing with Knowledge Graphs

Automatic subject indexing has been a longstanding goal of digital curators to facilitate eﬀective retrieval access to large collections of both online and oﬄine information resources. Controlled vocabularies are often used for this purpose, as they standardise annotation practices and help users to navigate online resources through following interlinked topical concepts. However, to this date, the assignment of suitable text annotations from a controlled vocabulary is still largely done manually, or at most (semi-)automatically, even though eﬀective machine learning tools are already in place. This is because existing procedures require a suﬃcient amount of training data and they have to be adapted to each vocabulary, language and application domain anew. In this paper, we argue that there is a third solution to subject indexing which harnesses cross-domain knowledge graphs. Our KINDEX approach fuses distributed knowledge graph information from diﬀerent sources. Experimental evaluation shows that the approach achieves good accuracy scores by exploiting correspondence links of publicly available knowledge graphs.
Height Estimation using Arm Span as a Proxy among Ghanaians

Corresponding Author: Chrissie Stansie Abaidoo, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Tel: +233 208 126 817, email: knustsmsanat1@gmail.com Height is an important anthropometric tool and most popular characteristic parameter employed in human identification. However, body height cannot always be ascertained by direct measurement due to various deformities of the extremities in patients with injuries. There is accumulating evidence to demonstrate the use of arm span measurements in the estimation of height but there is very little information on the use of arm span measurements in Ghana. Therefore, this study sought to determine the relationship between height, arm span and sex as well as the correlational efficiency of using arm span as a surrogate for height. This crosssectional study recruited 716 participants [328 males and 388 females] aged 18 to 30 years. Ethical approval and informed participant consent were sought. Male participants were taller and had wider arm span than the females with a statistically significant value [p < 0.001]. The results also showed that, the mean arm span measurement was higher than the mean height measurement with values of males [arm span: 180.57 cm; height: 170.79 cm] and females [arm span: 168.60 cm; height: 161.19 cm]. There was a statistically significant strong positive correlation [p < 0.001] between the arm span and height in the male, female and pooled sample with “r” values of 0.815, 0.788 and 0.873 respectively. Sex-specific equations to predict height from arm span measurements among Ghanaians were established. This study has developed sex specific equations to predict height from arm span measurements and has proved that arm span can effectively predict height using regression equations.
Structural variation of size-selected metal clusters in chemical reactions

This thesis is comprised of studies in the characterisation of monolayer-protected and metal cluster of the structural response of size-selected (bare) clusters to chemical reactions. The technique employed is high-angle annular dark ﬁeld (HAADF) aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM). The eﬀect of chemical reactions on size-selected metal clusters was investigated. The clusters under investigation were imaged with AC-STEM and their structure was assigned by comparing the atomic resolution images with a set of multi-slice STEM image simulation atlases. The eﬀect of vapour-phase 1-pentyne hydrogenation on size-selected Aux (x=923 and 2057) cluster was studied and it was found that the gold nanoclusters demonstrate high stability in both size distribution and structure under the reaction. On the contrary, size-selected Pdx (x=923 and 2057) clusters tended to transform from amorphous to high symmetry structures under the same reaction condition. The gas-phase CO oxidation reaction on size-selected Aux (x=561, 923 and 2057) cluster was studied with regard to cluster size distribution and atomic structure. It was found that under the same conditions of the CO oxidation reaction, two diﬀerent kind of ripening modes could be identiﬁed depended on the cluster size. Smoluchowski ripening, in which clusters diﬀuse intact and coalescence, is found to occur for Au2057 in the CO oxidation reaction. Ostwald ripening, in which larger clusters grow at the expense of smaller ones, was found to occur for Au561 and Au923 clusters, due to the extra energy generated from catalytic CO oxidation reaction.
Development of phenotypic markers and contrast genotype candidates of target minerals related to cassava

Pratama SN, Sudarsono, Ardie W, Khumaida N, Sukma D. 2021. Development of phenotypic markers and contrast genotype candidates of target minerals related to cassava. Biodiversitas 22: 30493056. Cassava leaves have various macro and micro-nutrients with varying levels, such as magnesium, iron, and zinc. The differences in genotypes of cassava may result in different mineral content in cassava leaves. This study aims to determine the estimator phenotypic markers and contrast genotype candidate selection related to target minerals. This study used a one-factor treatment composed of 12 cassava genotypes and arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) which each treatment was repeated 3 times. The observation was conducted on the leaves' qualitative and quantitative characters such as plant growth, leaf morphology, and leaf mineral content characters. The observation was performed at 3 and 6 months after planting. The results showed that the quantitative and qualitative characters that could be used as estimator for mineral content in cassava leaves are the Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD)Chlorophyll value and leaf color. Genotypes G6-1-15-4-3, G6-2-15-11, G6-2-15-3-3 (lowest) and Malang (G4D0), G4D1-222, G3D2-413 (highest) could be categorized as contrast genotypes based on SPAD-value and mineral content. The strong positive correlation between Mg and Fe content with SPAD suggested that SPAD is a possible marker for high Mg and Fe content in leaves. Adversely, a weak relationship between SPAD and Zn content in leaves showed that SPAD is a weak marker for Zn content in leaves. Further research related to molecular markers development can be carried out based on these results.
infrasound recordings: a vespagram-based approach

This study investigates the use of a vespagram-based approach as a tool for multi-directional comparison between simulated microbarom soundscapes and infrasound data recorded at ground-based array stations. Data recorded at the IS37 station in northern Norway during 2014−2019 have been processed to generate vespagrams (velocity spectral analysis) for five frequency bands between 0.1 and 0.6 Hz. The back-azimuth resolution between vespagrams and a :: the : microbarom model is harmonized by smoothing the modelled soundscapes along the back-azimuth axis with a kernel corresponding to the frequency-dependent array 5 resolution. An estimate of similarity between the output of a :: the : microbarom radiation and propagation model and infrasound observations is then generated based on the image processing approach of ::: the mean-square difference. The analysis revealed :::::: reveals that vespagrams can monitor seasonal variations in the microbarom azimuth ::::::: azimuthal : distribution, amplitude, and frequency, as well as changes during sudden stratospheric warming ::::: events. The vespagram-based approach is computationally inexpensive, can uncover microbarom source variability, and has potential for near-real-time stratospheric diagnostics and 10 atmospheric model assessment.
Stability Behaviour of a Cylindrical Rocket Engine Combustion Chamber Operated with Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen

High frequency combustion instabilities in liquid propellant rocket engines are investigated using a subscale rocket engine with the propellant combination hydrogen/oxygen at representative conditions. It has been demonstrated in previous test runs with this combustion chamber that it shows self-excited high frequency combustion instabilities at specific operating conditions with gaseous hydrogen at a temperature of 115 K. In order to investigate the effect of the hydrogen temperature, this analysis has been expanded to test runs with liquid hydrogen. It is shown that the hydrogen temperature has a significant influence on the acoustic behaviour of the combustion chamber and therefore on the observed instabilities.
Spectroscopic study on the mononuclear hydrolysis species of Pu(VI) under oxidation conditions

Abstract The formation constants of mononuclear hydrolysis species of Pu(VI) were determined by absorption spectroscopy under carefully designed experimental conditions. In order to exclude the formation of polynuclear hydrolysis species, the concentration of plutonium was diluted below 50 μM. To maintain the oxidation state of Pu(VI), NaOCl was applied as an oxidant. The trace amount of Pu(V) was monitored by the measurement of redox potential and absorption spectroscopy by using a liquid waveguide capillary cell with the optical path length of 100 cm. The determined molar absorption coefficients (ε, M−1 cm−1) were 272±26 and 436±33 for PuO2(OH)+ and PuO2(OH)2(aq) species, respectively. The formation constants of mononuclear hydrolysis species of Pu(VI) at ionic strength of 0.01 M NaClO4 were determined as follows: logߙ*β′1 ߙ(for PuO2(OH)+) = −5.8±0.3, logߙ*β′2 ߙ(for PuO2(OH)2(aq)) = −13.4±0.2 and logߙ*β′3ߙ(for PuO2(OH)3−) = −24.3±0.8.
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The hippocampus generalizes across memories share item context information ABSTRACT Episodic memory is known to rely on the hippocampus, but how the hippocampus organizes different episodes to permit their subsequent retrieval remains controversial. According to one view, hippocampal coding differentiates between similar events to reduce interference, whereas an alternative view is that the hippocampus assigns similar representations to events that share item and context information. Here, we used multivariate analyses of activity patterns measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize how the hippocampus distinguishes between memories based on similarity of their item and/or context information. Hippocampal activity patterns discriminated between events that shared either item or context information, but generalized across events that shared similar item-context associations. The current findings provide novel evidence that, whereas the hippocampus can resist mnemonic interference by separating events that generalize along a single attribute dimension, overlapping hippocampal codes may support memory for events with overlapping item-context relations. In the current study, we used multivoxel pattern similarity analysis to investigate event representation in the hippocampus and MTL cortical areas during episodic retrieval. Anterior hippocampal voxel activity patterns were similar for events that involved similar items that had been associated with the same study context, but not for events with similar item or context information in isolation. These findings provide novel insight into the neural basis of memory for episodic details, suggesting that, although neural coding in the hippocampus may differentiate between events with some overlapping attributes, it generalizes across events that share similar item-context relations.
Deblurring and Coloring Images with Deep Learning

Image deblurring and image colorization are two active research fields in computer vision that both aim at restoring and adding style to images. In this project we combine two deep neural networks models for deblurring and image colorization to restore motion blurred grayscale images as colorized and deblurred. We explore different ways of adapting and combining a GAN model for deblurring with a pretrained CNN model for image colorization. Our implementation results in comparable image quality to the state-of-the-art models.
An Empirical Study of The Role of Failure Severity in Service Recovery Evaluation in The Context of Online Retailing Industry: Focus on The Moderating Effect of Failure Severity

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship among failure severity, perceived justice, recovery satisfaction and word-of-mouth intention. In addition, this research also examines the moderating effect of failure severity in the relationship between perceived justice and recovery satisfaction based on online shoppers. Data were collected through a survey of online shoppers among undergraduate students who experienced services failure and thus, a service recovery effort in the past year. The results indicate that failure severity had a negative effect on perceived justice and recovery satisfaction. Perceived justice had a positive effect on recovery satisfaction. Perceived justice and recovery satisfaction had significant effects on word-of-mouth intention. Also, the results provide support for the moderating effect of service failure severity in the relationship between distributive justice and recovery satisfaction, as well as the relationship between procedural justice and recovery satisfaction. These research findings have important implications and provide some interesting avenues for future studies.