Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Groningen Developmentally Sensitive Interaction Effects of Genes and the Social Environment on Total and Subcortical Brain

Smaller total brain and subcortical volumes have been linked to psychopathology including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Identifying mechanisms underlying these alterations, therefore, is of great importance. We investigated the role of gene-environment interactions (GxE) in interindividual variability of total gray matter (GM), caudate, and putamen volumes. Brain volumes were derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging scans in participants with (N = 312) and without ADHD (N = 437) from N = 402 families (age M = 17.00, SD = 3.60). GxE effects between DAT1, 5-HTT, and DRD4 and social environments (maternal expressed warmth and criticism; positive and deviant peer affiliation) as well as the possible moderating effect of age were examined using linear mixed modeling. We also tested whether findings depended on ADHD severity. Deviant peer affiliation was associated with lower caudate volume. Participants with low deviant peer affiliations had larger total GM volumes with increasing age. Likewise, developmentally sensitive GxE effects were found on total GM and putamen volume. For total GM, differential age effects were found for DAT1 9-repeat and HTTLPR L/L genotypes, depending on the amount of positive peer affiliation. For putamen volume, DRD4 7-repeat carriers and DAT1 10/10 homozygotes showed opposite age relations depending on positive peer affiliation and maternal criticism, respectively. All results were independent of ADHD severity. The presence of differential age-dependent GxE effects might explain the diverse and sometimes opposing results of environmental and genetic effects on brain volumes observed so far. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0155755 May 24, 2016 1 / 20 a11111
Climate and competition influence sockeye salmon population dynamics across the Northeast Pacific Ocean

Pacific salmon productivity is influenced by ocean conditions and interspecific interactions, yet their combined effects are poorly understood. Using data from 47 North American sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations, we present evidence that the magnitude and direction of climate and competition effects vary over large spatial scales. In the south, a warm ocean and abundant salmon competitors combined to strongly reduce sockeye productivity, whereas in the north, a warm ocean substantially increased productivity and offset the negative effects of competition at sea. From 2005 to 2015, the approximately 82 million adult pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) produced annually from hatcheries were estimated to have reduced the productivity of southern sockeye salmon by ∼15%, on average. In contrast, for sockeye at the northwestern end of their range, the same level of hatchery production was predicted to have reduced the positive effects of a warming ocean by ∼50% (from a ∼10% to a ∼5% increase in productivity, on average). These findings reveal spatially dependent effects of climate and competition on sockeye productivity and highlight the need for international discussions about large-scale hatchery production.
Single muscle fibre contractile properties differ between bodybuilders , power athletes and controls

Single muscle fibre contractile properties differ between bodybuilders, power athletes and controls JP Meijer, RT Jaspers, J Rittweger, OR Seynnes, S Kamandulis, M Brazaitis, A Skurvydas, R Pišot, B Šimunič, MV Narici, H Degens 1; School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University (Manchester, United Kingdom), 2; Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), 3; Division Space Physiology, German Aerospace (Cologne, Germany), 4; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (Oslo, Norway), 5; Sports Science and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University (Kaunas, Lithuania), 6; Institute of Kinesiology Research, University of Primorska, (Koper, Slovenia), 7; University of Nottingham (Nottingham, United Kingdom)
Analysis of science textbook pictures about energy and pupils' readings of them

This article outlines the findings of the part of the 'Science Teacher Training in an Information Society' (STTIS) project concerned with describing the possible difficulties pupils have when 'reading' science textbook pictures about energy. Six documents were selected on the basis that they had some of the textual/graphical features previously identified by the project as potentially presenting difficulties to pupils. The pupils' readings of these were investigated using a questionnaire and a follow-up interview. The analysis of three of the documents and of 12 pupils' readings of them is reported in this paper. The results confirm the hypothesis that the 'reading' of science textbook pictures is not at all trivial for pupils, and conclude that teachers need to spend time and effort talking through the meaning of the images with them. They also suggest that the list of textual/graphical features used in this research is a good starting point for this kind of critical examination.
Thermal Buckling Behaviour of Thin and Thick Variable-Stiffness Panels

The possibility of designing composite panels with non-uniform stiffness properties offers a chance for achieving highly-efficient configurations. This is particularly true for buckling-prone structures, whose response can be shaped through a proper distribution of the membrane and bending stiffnesses. The thermal buckling behaviour of composite panels is among the aspects that could largely benefit from the adoption of a variable-stiffness design, but, in spite of that, it has rarely been addressed. The paper illustrates a semi-analytical approach for evaluating the thermal buckling response of variable-stiffness plates (VSP) by considering different boundary conditions. The formulation relies upon the method of Ritz and a variable-kinematic approach, leading to a computationally efficient implementation, which is particularly useful for exploring the larger design spaces, typical of variable-stiffness configurations. Due to the possibility of choosing the underlying kinematic approach as an input of the analysis, the formulation is not restricted to thin plates, but is suitable for analyzing the response of thick plates as well. Novel results are derived, which can be useful for benchmarking purposes and for gathering insight into the mechanical behaviour of variable-stiffness plates. Furthermore, the importance of transverse shear flexibility is illustrated with respect to the boundary conditions as well as the degree of steering of the fibers.
Childhood Intelligence and Adult Mortality in the Brabant Data Set: First Report

The Brabant Data Set, now freely accessible, contains informationon a sample cohort of 3,000 individuals born around 1940 from surveysin 1952, 1983 and 1993, as well as on deaths between 1994 and 2009.In line with numerous epidemiological studies we find that among theearly variables recorded at age 12 the only significant determinantof adult mortality is intelligence. Preliminary attempts to trace thiseffect in the later surveys are not successful.
Raising Local Fiscal Autonomy in the Local Autonomy Management (A Study in Bogor Regency)

Local fiscal autonomy of Bogor Regency is still low, due to the low contribution of local own revenue to total local revenues. This fact has implications for the high local financial dependence on fiscal transfer from the central government, so that the Bogor Regency government is not yet autonomous in financing local development programs. This research aims to obtain rational knowledge about the effects of fiscal decentralization implementation and indirect local tax management on local fiscal autonomy. The research used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, so that it can explain data and information obtained from observation, interview, and focus group discussion. The research concludes that the prospect of raising local fiscal autonomy is determined by the accuracy of fiscal decentralization implementation and the effectiveness of indirect local tax management. The accuracy of fiscal decentralization implementation requires the central government policy in the assignment of taxes and revenue sources to local government must be commensurate with the assignment of expenditure responsibilities to local government. The effectiveness of indirect local tax management requires that local government efforts to increase indirect local tax revenues must precisely determine the increase of revenue targets according to the results of econometric analysis of Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) on certain sectors, improving the ability of local tax apparatus, and improving the obedience of indirect local taxpayer.
Chromosome rearrangements are not accompanied by expected genome size change in the tree weta Hemideina thoracica (Orthoptera, Anostostomatidae)

Abstract A comparison of hybrid zones between chromosome races of the tree weta Hemideina thoracica (White) found that the chromosomal rearrangements that involved the greatest proportion of the genome apparently had the least effect on fitness of hybrids. In order to further explore the nature of chromosomal rearrangements that differentiate weta races, relative DNA content was compared between 2 races of H. crassidens (Blanchard) (known to differ by 2 Robertsonian (Rb) translocations) and 4 races of H. thoracica, using flow cytometry. Where Rb translocation was the inferred process (H. crassidens 15 vs 19; H. thoracica 17 vs 15′) no change in relative DNA content was detected, as expected. The 19-karyotype of H. thoracica was predicted to have more DNA due to a duplication/loss compared to the 17-karyotype of H. thoracica, but here too, no change in relative DNA content was detected. In contrast, significantly more DNA was found where less was predicted; the 13-karyotype of H. thoracica was thought to have less DNA than the 15′-karyotype, due to a duplication/loss, but in fact this race has significantly more DNA than any of the 3 other races of H. thoracica examined. Due to the differential staining of A-T bases by the stain used in flow cytometry, 4′-6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), it is possible the increased DNA estimate for the 13-karyotye is due to a significant shift in A-T base bias throughout its genome. However, it is more likely that the absence of the very small acrocentric autosomes that characterize many of the karyotypes of H. thoracica, result from translocations to larger autosomes than from a change in total DNA content and a simultaneous change in base ratio.
Sources of Displaced Workers’ Long-Term Earnings Losses

We estimate the magnitudes of reduced earnings, work hours, and wage rates of workers displaced during the Great Recession using linked employer-employee panel data from Washington state. Displaced workers’ earnings losses occurred mainly because hourly wage rates dropped at the time of displacement and recovered sluggishly. Lost employer-specific premiums explain only 17 percent of these losses. Fully 70 percent of displaced workers moved to employers paying the same or higher wage premiums than the displacing employers, but these workers nevertheless suffered substantial wage rate losses. Loss of valuable specific worker-employer matches explains more than one-half of the wage losses. (JEL E32, J22, J31, J63, R23)
Customer switching behaviour in the New Zealand banking industry

Глобальна дерегуляція банківського сектора на початку 1980-х років вплинула на зміну клієнтами провайдерів фінансових послуг, якій можна ще дати назву “переключення”. Ця ситуація не оминула і новозеландський банківський сектор. Проте в академічних виданнях з маркетингу темі зміни клієнтами банку приділено недостатньо уваги. В даній статті визначено та проаналізовано фактори, які впливають на зміну/переключення бан- ку в Новій Зеландії з точки зору клієнта. Дані для дослідження були отримані за допомогою кореспондентського методу опитування 1,960 домашніх господарств в місті Крайстчерч. Для аналізу інформації та визначення впливу, який мають ці фактори на поведінку клієнтів під час переключення в Новій Зеландії, було використано метод логістичної регресії, результати якої підтверджують те, що відповідальність клієнтів, якість обслуговування, репутація, задоволення клієнтів, молодий вік та низький освітній рівень є тими факторами, які найбільшою мірою впливають на зміну провайдера фінансових послуг.
Influence of surface treatment on the structure and properties of proton-exchanged waveguides in lithium niobate

Abstract The influence of reverse proton exchange (RPE) and some types of surface pretreatment (exposure to Piranha or RCA-1 solutions or to HNO3+HF mixture) on the structure and properties of proton-exchanged layers has been studied in X-cut lithium niobate (LN). It has been shown that the rate of phase transitions in PE layers during RPE is greater than that during annealing at the same temperature. Pretreatment of LN surface before PE by Piranha or RCA-1 solutions slightly increases refractive index change Δne in the resulting waveguide, whereas pretreatment by HNO3+HF mixture decreases it.
A Coexceedance Approach on Financial Contagion

The paper sheds light on financial contagion within the Euro Area and Asia, and contagion from the Euro Area to Asia during two recent crises. Using both original constant threshold and Value-at-Risk to estimate extreme negative returns, the empirical findings indicate the existence of contagion from the Euro Area to Asia, and reveal that contagion in the Euro Area is more severe than in Asia. Applying the multinomial logit regression model, the paper also investigates how the macro-finance variables affect the coincidence of extreme negative returns (coexceedances). The results show that the probability of the occurrence of coexceedances is strongly explained by the idiosyncratic risks: the changes in exchange rates, the regional stock market volatility, and global shocks: the changes in the U.S. long-term interest rates, the TED spread. However, the paper finds the opposite reactions of coexceedances in the Euro Area and Asia to the changes in exchange rates. The global volatility index is only significant to explain the likelihood of coexceedances in the Euro Area, not in Asia.
Developing Exchange in Short Local Foods Supply Chains

The supply chain management of foods is commonly associated with modernistic large-scale production. This involves long transport distances of foods to reach consumers. In the case of local foods, supply chains are shorter. Based on a case study of five local foods producer's supply of their products to a common retailer, the supply chain of local foods is modelled conceptually and modes of development are pointed out based on contingency theory and supply chain management literature. Findings reveal that since these chains are transparent, reciprocal interdependency is abundant mainly because human perception creates a sufficient understanding of the operations management issues pertinent within this simple inter-organisational structure. Local foods supply chains are similar to service supply chains. This includes that both are short in nature and associated with bi-directional interaction between the customer and supplier. Developing short supply chains in local foods supply is associated with improving the exchange economy found in short supply chains. This also implies that development of local foods supply is associated with two paths which may be complementary. First, the use of improved intensive technology associated with reciprocal interdependency to develop efficiencies in the bi-directional and somewhat complex interaction. Alternatively local foods suppliers may seek to reduce this form of reciprocal interdependency thereby increasing the impact of pooled interdependencies and enabling using mediating technology involving standardising interaction such as through increased standardised products and packaging as well as automation of information connectivity.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR), CORPORATE IMAGE, DAN KEPUTUSAN NASABAH TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH

This study aims to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation, corporate image, and customer satisfaction, on customer loyalty. Variables independent were used inthis study namely Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), corporate image, and customer satisfaction. , as well as one dependent variable of customer loyalty. Customers of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Jayapura are used as the population in this study. The convenience sampling with a sample of 30 respondents is the technique of sampling method in thisstudy. This study uses a double linear regression analysis to analyses data. The analysis tool used is SPSS version 23. The results of this research demonstrate the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has positively and significantly affects customer loyalty. Corporate Image has a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty. And customer satisfaction has a positive but does nosignificant impact on customer loyalty.
Nutritional Evaluation of Sugarcane Cultivars for Ruminants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of twenty-nine cultivars of sugarcane. The design was completely randomized, with twenty-nine treatments (cultivars) and three replicates. The evaluations were performed at 540 days after planting during the phenological stage of maturation of sugar cane. Stalk length, number of nodes per plant, internodes length and stalk diameter were evaluated. The stalk samples were crushed, pre-dried and ground for achievement of chemical analysis, carbohydrate fractionation and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and posteriorly submitted to Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Regarding biometric measurements the cultivars differed (P<0.05) for the stalk length, but there was no difference (P>0.05) in the number of nodes as well as in the average internode length and stalk diameter. The content of DM, OM, protein, ether extract, NDF and acid detergent fiber showed differences between the cultivars evaluated (P<0.05). Carbohydrate fractionation also differed between cultivars (P <0.05), being that cultivars RB86 7515, RB92 806 and RB03 6091 presented high fraction of rapidly degradable carbohydrates. The highest values of in vitro digestibility of DM and OM occurred for cultivars RB86 7515, RB92 579 and RB03 6091 (P<0.05). Considering the variables analyzed, the cultivars RB03 6091, RB92 579 and RB86 7515 showed greater concentration of rapidly degradable carbohydrates and greater in vitro digestibility of DM and OM demonstrating potential for use in ruminant feeding.
Epiphytic diatoms on Gelidiales (Rhodophyta) from Gran Canaria (Spain)

ABSTRACT The composition and patterns of spatial and season variability of epiphytic diatom assemblages of five intertidal species of Gelidiales (Rhodophyta) from three sampling sites off Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean) were investigated during summer (2007) and winter (2008) seasons using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dominant species included Cocconeis scutellum var. scutellum, C. scutellum var. posidoniae, Grammatophora oceanica, Lichmophora eherembergi, Navicula sp. and Tabularia fasciculata and these represented 78% of the total diatom assemblage on Gelidiales. Eight of the diatom taxa, Cocconeis maxima, Amphicocconeis debesii, Cocconeis convexa, C. neothumensis var. marina, C. scutellum var. scutellum, C. scutellum var. posidoniae, Gomphonemopsis obscura and Pseudohimantidium pacificum, found in the present study represent new records for the Canary Archipelago. These species showed two distinct patterns of zonation, one in relation to their position at the intertidal area and the other relative to position on the host thalli. Although the vertical distribution of host thalli at the intertidal zone was important when considering the assemblage structure of epiphytic diatoms, the results showed that the cell abundance distribution changed more significantly when considering season rather than spatial distribution. Moreover, even though morphology of host thalli was not a determining factor, their aggregation mode had a significant influence on the abundance and distribution of microalgae. Finally, considering the growth forms of diatom communities, adnate diatoms were more abundant in turf than in clump species.
A New Method to Estimate Reference Crop Evapotranspiration from Geostationary Satellite Imagery: Practical Considerations

Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) plays a role in irrigation advisory being of crucial importance for water managers dealing with scarce water resources. Following the ETo definition, it can be shown that total solar radiation is the main driver, allowing ETo estimates from satellite observations. As such, the EUMETSAT LSA-SAF operationally provides ETo primarily derived from the European geostationary satellite MSG. ETo estimations following the original FAO report require several meteorological observations gathered over actual well-watered grass. Here we will consider the impact of two effects on ETo using the LSA-SAF and FAO methodologies: (i) local advection, related to the impact of advection of surrounding warm dry air onto the reference non-water stressed surface; and (ii) the so-called surface aridity error, which occurs when calculating ETo according to FAO, but with input data not collected over well-watered grass. The LSA-SAF ETo is not sensitive to any of these effects. However, it is shown that local advection may increase evapotranspiration over a limited field by up to 30%, while ignoring aridity effects leads to a great overestimation. The practical application of satellite estimates of ETo provided by the LSA-SAF are discussed here, and, furthermore, water managers are encouraged to consider its advantages and ways for improvement.
Number 164 A Theory of Discontinuous Change

Neo-classical theory argues that sustained economic growth depends on an adequacy of resources – mainly physical and human capital. The empirical evidence on the sources of growth however, does not substantiate this view. Rather, the vast majority of studies show that institutional variables, in particular those associated with good economic and political governance are central to economic performance and developmental outcomes. In Western Europe the necessary favourable institutions emerged through a gradual evolutionary process. However, a study of institutional change during the past 100 years or so in the non-western world indicates that this is a discontinuous process, with the occurrence of favourable developments requiring the intervention of human agency, either through an enlightened domestic group or an external force. Using this model of institutional change, since 2005 a program of externally supported deep institutional interventions has been undertaken in Southern Sudan, an area which has suffered 50 years of civil war. This program is described and analyzed.