Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renal interstitial cell tumor in a dog: clinicopathologic, imaging, and histologic features

Renal interstitial cell tumors are benign tumors of renomedullary origin; however, malignant features have not been reported in dogs, to our knowledge. A 17-y-old spayed female Maltese dog was presented to a local animal hospital with a mass in the right abdomen. Clinicopathologic findings prior to surgery revealed renal insufficiency and anemia. Imaging revealed that the right kidney was enlarged by an amorphous mass with opaque areas, indicative of mineralization. Upon histologic examination, the mass was comprised of malignant mesenchymal cells that produced mucinous matrix. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin and COX-2, but negative for pancytokeratin; the matrix stained positively with alcian blue. Therefore, the mass was diagnosed as a renal interstitial cell tumor, with malignant features. COX-2 may be useful in the diagnosis of canine renal interstitial cell tumors, similar to its diagnostic role in humans.
Factors Associated With How Long People Would Like to Live

This article examined the factors of how long people would like to live involving 462 respondents aged 40 years and older in Malaysia. Data collected through an online self-administered survey indicated that 75% of the respondents would like to live at least 80 years and on average most people would like to live 81 years. Rural respondents, those who agreed that they have a loving family, those who agreed that they want to continue working for as long as they can, respondents who believed that they will not need long-term care at 65 years and older, and those who may consider living in an assisted living facility were more likely to want to live at least 80 years compared with respondents who did not agree. Efforts should be targeted at promoting healthy lifestyle and providing more employment opportunities for older persons.
Determinants of Direct Discharge Home From Critical Care Units: A Population-Based Cohort Analysis.

OBJECTIVE To describe trends and patient and system factors associated with direct discharge from critical care to home in a large health system. DESIGN Population-based cohort study of direct discharge to home rates annually over 10 years. We used a multivariable, multilevel random-effects regression model to analyze current factors associated with direct discharge home in a subcohort from the most recent 2 years. SETTING One hundred seventy-four ICUs in 101 hospitals in Ontario. PATIENTS All patients discharged from an ICU between April 1, 2007, and March 31, 2017. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Overall, 237,200 patients (21.1%) were discharged directly home from an ICU. The rate of direct discharge to home increased from 18.6% in 2007 to 23.1% in 2017 (annual increase of 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02-1.03). There were marked variations in rates of direct discharge to home across all critical care units. For medical and surgical units, the median odds ratio was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.59-1.92). In these units, direct discharge to home was associated with younger age (odds ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.34-0.39 for age 80-105 vs age 18-39), fewer comorbidities (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.63-1.85 for Charlson comorbidity index of 0 vs 2), diagnoses of overdose/poisoning (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.23-1.47) and diabetic complications (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.2-1.51), and admission after a same-day procedure (odds ratio, 2.82; 95% CI, 2.46-3.23 compared with emergency department). ICU occupancy was inversely associated with direct discharge to home with an odds ratio of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87-0.88) for each 10% increase. CONCLUSIONS High rates of direct discharge to home with evidence of significant practice variation combined with identifiable patient characteristics suggest that further evaluation of this increasingly common transition in care is warranted.
Acetate coordinates neutrophil and ILC3 responses against C. difficile through FFAR2

Microbiota-derived acetate coordinates innate immune responses during intestinal Clostridium difficile infection through its cognate receptor FFAR2. Acetate accelerates early neutrophil recruitment and increases ILC3 expression of the IL-1 receptor, boosting ILC3 production of IL-22 in response to neutrophil-derived IL-1β.
Evaluating the Role of Self-Esteem on Differential Career Outcomes by Gender in Academic Medicine

Purpose Gender differences in faculty advancement persist in academic medicine. Understanding of what drives these differences remains limited. The relationship among self-esteem, gender, and career outcomes has not previously been explored. Method The authors evaluated the association between gender and 2012–2013 career outcomes, specifically, the number of publications, academic rank, leadership positions, and retention, and whether self-esteem as measured in the 1995 National Faculty Survey mediates this relationship. They measured self-esteem using the modified Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The authors used multivariable logistic regression analysis to understand the association among gender, self-esteem, and the outcomes of rank, leadership, and retention, and negative binomial models for number of publications. Models were adjusted for race, specialty, effort distribution, and years since first faculty appointment. The authors performed a mediation analysis to understand whether self-esteem mediates the relationship between gender and these career outcomes. Results Overall, self-esteem scores were high. Women had lower self-esteem in 1995 than their male colleagues. In adjusted models, female gender was associated with lower performance on all 4 career outcome metrics. While self-esteem scores were positively associated with all 4 outcomes, the authors’ mediation analysis suggested that self-esteem did not mediate the relationship between gender and these 4 career metrics. Conclusions Female medical faculty members lag behind men on traditional metrics of faculty achievement. While higher self-esteem is positively associated with faculty achievement, it did not mediate the relationship between gender and career advancement over the 17 years of follow-up and, thus, may not be an ideal target for programs and policies to increase gender parity in academic medicine.
Fearlessness and low social affiliation as unique developmental precursors of callous-unemotional behaviors in preschoolers

Abstract Background Early callous-unemotional (CU) behaviors identify children at risk for severe and persistent aggression and antisocial behavior. Recent work suggests that fearlessness and low social affiliation are implicated in the etiology of CU behaviors, although more research is needed to clarify these etiological pathways, as well as the role of parenting. Method Using a sample of preschoolers (N = 620), we examined pathways between observed fear in response to social and non-social stimuli and observed social affiliation during social interactions at age 3 and increases child CU behaviors and oppositional-defiant behaviors from ages 3 to 5. To elucidate the role of parenting in exacerbating or buffering the relationships between low fear and social affiliation and CU behaviors, we tested whether parental harshness or low warmth moderated these pathways. Results Fearlessness and low social affiliation uniquely predicted increases in CU behaviors, but not oppositional-defiant behaviors, from ages 3 to 5. Moreover, there was evidence for differential moderation of the fear pathway by harsh parenting, such that harsh parenting predicted increases in CU behaviors in fearless children but increases in oppositional-defiant behaviors in fearful children. Conclusions Fearlessness and low social affiliation contribute to the development of CU behaviors. Harsh parenting can exacerbate the risky fearlessness pathway. Preventative interventions aimed at reducing risk for CU behaviors and persistent aggression and antisocial behavior should target socioaffiliative processes and provide parents with strategies and training to manage and scaffold rule-compliant behavior when children show low fearful arousal.
Cognitive reappraisal and the association between depressive symptoms and perceived social support among older adults

Abstract Objectives There is an association between depression and diminished social support; indeed, interpersonal dysfunction is often a central feature of depression. The purpose of this study is to examine the role that an emotion regulation (ER) strategy, cognitive reappraisal, plays in influencing the association between depressive symptoms and perceived social support in older adults. Method Data for this cross-sectional study come from a community-based survey of older adults (60+, N = 910). We examined the effects of depressive symptoms and cognitive reappraisal on perceived social support. We then examined the potential moderating role of cognitive reappraisal on the association between depressive symptoms and perceived social support. Results Depressive symptoms were associated with lower levels of perceived social support. Cognitive reappraisal was associated with higher levels of perceived social support. Cognitive reappraisal moderated the negative consequences of depressive symptoms on perceived social support. Whereas depressive symptoms had a negative effect on perceived social support, the negative effect was greater for those with lower levels of cognitive reappraisal compared to those with higher levels of cognitive reappraisal. Discussion ER strategies may play a role in attenuating the negative consequences of depressive symptoms on social support in older age. It may be possible to help individuals maintain social support in later life, even in the face of mental health challenges, if they cultivate ER skills.
Original Article Distinct Regulation of Cell Cycle and Survival in Lymphocytes from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Alterations in cell cycle progression seem to be associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We previously reported disturbances in the control of cell survival/death fate in immortalized lymphocytes from AD patients. These cell cycle dysfunction and impaired apoptosis were considered systemic manifestations of AD disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether these abnormalities are characteristic of AD, or they may be seen in other neurodegenerative disorders such ALS. Our results indicate that alterations in signaling molecules, Akt and ERK1/2, and in the cyclin- dependent kinase complex inhibitors (CDKis) p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 are detectable in lymphoblasts from AD patients, but not in ALS patients, suggesting that these variables may be considered for the development of biomarkers of AD. However, lymphocytes from ALS patients do not represent a useful model to study cell cycle- related events associated with neurodegeneration of motoneurons. Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lymphocytes, cell proliferation, apoptosis, p21, p27, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2
A porcine model for studying the cardiovascular consequences of high‐thoracic spinal cord injury

We have developed a novel porcine model of high‐thoracic midline contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) at the T2 spinal level. We describe this model and the ensuing cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses, and demonstrate the model is efficacious for studying clinically relevant cardiovascular dysfunction post‐SCI. We demonstrate that the high‐thoracic SCI model, but not a low‐thoracic SCI model, induces persistent hypotension along with a gradual reduction in plasma noradrenaline and increases in plasma aldosterone and angiotensin II. We additionally conducted a proof‐of‐concept long‐term (12 weeks) survival study in animals with T2 contusion SCI demonstrating the potential utility of this model for not only acute experimentation but also long‐term drug studies prior to translation to the clinic.
Omega-3 fatty acids: new insights into the impact of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

DOI:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000660 A science advisory board from the AHA has recently recommended prescription of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) at a dose of 4 g/day with the aim to provide at least 3 g/day of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, the two predominant LCn-3PUFA in fish and omega-3 supplements, as triglyceride (TG)-lowering monotherapy [1]. However, as shown in a recent systematic review, DHA and EPA may have differential effects on lipids and lipoproteins [2]. We have shown that 10 weeks of supplementation with DHA (2.7 g/day) had more profound effects on serum TG (reduction), HDL-C (increase), LDL-C (increase), and LDL size and turnover (increase) than an equivalent dose of EPA in adults at risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD; ComparED study) [3,4]. Such differences in the cardiometabolic effects of DHA and EPA may be nontrivial when considering overall risk of CVD. This short commentary provides a highlight of recent key publications in this field of research. Klingel et al. [5] explored the mechanisms underlying the TG-lowering effects of DHA and EPA in healthy normolipidemic adults. The DHAinduced reduction in serum TG was associated with increased LPL activity without change in lipogenesis, whereas the net null effect of EPA on serum TG was the result of concomitant increases in both lipogenesis and LPL activity. These results suggest that DHA and EPA have inconsistent effects on lipogenesis but similar effects on LPL activity. This is somewhat inconsistent with data having shown that DHA reduces VLDL-apoCIII production rate compared to EPA, thus potentiating LPL activity to a greater extent [4]. Subjects’ characteristics may also an important determinant of the response to LCn-3PUFA. We have recently shown in the ComparED study that the proportion of individuals with a meaningful reduction in serum TG concentration was greater after DHA than after EPA [6]. Predicting the TG response to DHA and EPA supplementation is important considering the wide range of variability
Toxicity and effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on cognitive performances in rats

Abstract There is increasing scientific evidences that the physical and chemical properties of manufactured nanoparticles lead to an increase in their bioavailability and toxicity. Among them Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are widely used in different fields. However their potential adverse effects namely on brain functions are still discussed. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the subacute oral toxicity and effects of CuO-NPs on cognitive performances in rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups of 8 animals each, a control group received a dose 9‰ sodium chloride and the other groups received a suspension of CuO-NPs at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg through oral gavage for 14 consecutive days. Multiple behavioral tests showed that CuO-NPs caused little changes in memory and learning performances as well as the locomotors activity, while the anxiety index increased. Copper NPs exposure increased also the liver and stomach relative weights and altered some blood biochemical parameters.
Chirality-driven transportation and oxidation prevention by chiral selenium nanoparticles.

The chirality of nanoparticles directly influences their transport and biological effect under physiological environment, but the details of this phenomenon have rarely been explored. Herein, chiral GSH-anchored selenium nanoparticles (G@SeNPs) are fabricated to investigate the interaction between their chirality and transport and antioxidant activity. G@SeNPs modified with different enantiomers show opposite handedness with a tunable circular dichroism signal. The noninvasive positron emission tomography imaging clearly reveals that 64 Cu-labelled L -G@SeNPs experience distinctly different transport among the major organs from their D -and DL -counterparts, demonstrating that the chirality of the G@SeNPs influences the biodistribution and kinetics. Taking advantage of the strong homologous cell adhesion and uptake, L -G@SeNPs have been shown here to effectively prevent oxidation damage caused by palmitic acid in insulinoma cells. This work should motivate the biomedical applications of chiral nanomedicine by providing a fundamental understanding of chirality-dependent biodistribution and antioxidant activity.
Post-marketing and clinical safety experience with sodium oxybate for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent subjects

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sodium oxybate (SMO) has been approved in Italy and in Austria for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study describes the cumulative postmarketing and clinical safety experience with SMO in AUD. Areas covered: Safety data for SMO at approved posology in AUD were identified from: (i) the clinical trial registries of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), (ii) reports from the biomedical literature and (iii) available pharmacovigilance safety information from the EMA. Expert opinion: Safety data from 3 recent large randomized clinical studies (520 participants) and 43 earlier clinical studies (2547 participants) showed that SMO has a good safety profile in AUD patients. The safety profile was confirmed by pharmacovigilance data resulting from 299 013 patients exposed to SMO in Austria and Italy. Main adverse events were transitory dizziness and vertigo. Serious adverse events were rare. No death attributable to SMO has been reported. Risks of abuse or dependence are low in patients without psychiatric comorbidities or poly-drug use. The adverse events of SMO are transitory and do not require discontinuation of treatment. SMO abuse or dependence are extremely rare in patients without psychiatric comorbidities or poly-drug use.
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are not associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in men 50–69 years with PSA ≥3 ng/ml

Abstract Background: There is conflicting evidence about the association between prostate cancer and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). We aimed to describe the prevalence of LUTS and its association with prostate cancer risk. Methods: We studied the association between International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and prostate cancer in a population-based sample of men (n = 45,595) aged 50–69 years from the Stockholm3 study. Men with PSA ≥3 ng/ml (n = 4579) underwent systematic prostate biopsies. We used the International Society of Urological Pathology Gleason Grading (ISUP grade) and performed regression analysis for risk of any cancer (n = 1797), ISUP grade ≥2 (n = 840) and advanced cancer, defined as ISUP grade ≥3 or cT ≥3 (n = 353). Results: 74.6% of all men had no or mild LUTS (IPSS ≤7) and 3.2% had severe LUTS (IPSS >19). Men with any, ISUP grade ≥2 or advanced cancer had lower median IPSS compared to men with benign biopsy (any cancer: 4 (IQR 2–9); ISUP grade ≥2: 4 (2–8); advanced cancer: 4 (2–8); benign biopsy: 6 (3–11); p < 0.05). IPSS was not associated with increased risk of cancer in multivariate analyses (OR (any cancer) 0.97; 95% CI 0.96–0.98; OR (ISUP grade ≥2) 0.97; 95% CI 0.96–0.99; OR (advanced cancer) 0.99; 95% CI 0.99–1.01). Conclusions: Three-quarters of men aged 50–69 years report no or mild LUTS. Our data do not support any clinically meaningful association between LUTS and prostate cancer. Specifically, men with advanced prostate cancer did not exhibit more urinary symptoms than men without cancer.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Postlicensure Observational Studies on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Autoimmune and Other Rare Adverse Events

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Because of the limited number of subjects in prelicensure studies, autoimmune diseases and other rare adverse effects of vaccines may go undetected. Since 2006, millions of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine doses have been distributed and a considerable amount of postlicensure safety data has been generated. The objective of this study was to review available HPV postlicensure safety studies and to summarize risk estimates of autoimmune and other rare diseases. Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched literature databases to identify any postlicensure safety studies related to HPV vaccination and autoimmune adverse events from inception to April 16, 2019. Pooled risk estimates were computed using fixed- or random-effects models if at least 2 estimates per disease and per HPV vaccine were available. Results: Twenty-two studies met our inclusion criteria. The studies applied various methodologies and used different types of data sources and outcome definitions. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) was most commonly assessed. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, immune thrombocytopenia purpura and thyroiditis diseases were most frequently reported. The meta-analysis was conducted on 35 diseases corresponding to 48 pooled risk estimates. Majority of the pooled estimates showed no significant effect (n = 43). Three negative (paralysis, immune thrombocytopenia purpura and chronic fatigue syndrome) and 2 positive (Hashimoto and Raynaud diseases) associations were detected. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated an absence of clear association between HPV vaccines and autoimmune and other rare diseases. The review also highlights the need for more systematic collaborations to monitor rare safety adverse events.
Comparisons of clinical characteristics of primary Sj gren's syndrome onset at different ages

Objective To study the difference in clinical characteristics and experimental profiles of primary Sj gren's syndrome(pSS)with a different onset age.Methods The clinical and laboratory data of 136 pSS patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results The prevalence of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies de- clined with later onset.As compared with patients with disease onset older than 45,patients with disease onset younger than 45 had higher rheumatoid factor,circulating immune complex and lower C3.The prevalence of parotitis was higher in patients with disease onset younger than 45 than those with disease onset older than 45. The two groups had similar extra-glandular involvement.Conclusion The younger onset pSS patients have more abnomlalities in inmmnological parameters,and more parotiditis,implying that young onset pSS have more strong immune responses.
Redox Cycling of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in Magnetite Accelerates Aceticlastic Methanogenesis by Methanosarcina mazei.

It has been recently shown that magnetite nanoparticles (nanoFe3 O4 ) can facilitate methanogenic syntrophy but the effect of magnetite on methanogenesis alone remains elusive. Here we show that aceticlastic methanogenesis by Methanosarcina mazei is accelerated by magnetite and is correlated with the redox cycling of structural Fe(II) and Fe(III) in the mineral. An enrichment and its closest pure culture relative, Ms. mazei zm-15, both obtained from a natural wetland of the Tibetan plateau were tested in this experiment. The Fe(II) to Fe(III) ratios in magnetite, as measured by multiple approaches, show an initial increase in both the methanogenic cultures and the blank preparations containing no microbes. The Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio then displays a distinct decline followed by an increase towards the end of incubation only in the enrichment and pure culture cultivations. This redox cycling of magnetite is in accordance with the stimulation of aceticlastic methanogenesis. Microscopic observation reveals the precipitation of nanoFe3 O4 on methanogen cell surface. The genomic analysis predicts that in addition to electron transfer components essential for aceticlastic methanogenesis, Ms. mazei zm-15 contains an outer-surface multiheme c-type cytochrome (MHC) and a few function-unknown surface proteins that harbor monoheme motif. We hypothesize that the redox cycling of nanoFe3 O4 delivers a positive influence via the MHC to the membrane electron transfer chain and hence promote the aceticlastic methanogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.