Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal head dimorphism and taxonomy of some European species of Aprosthema (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Argidae).

Die Kopfform wurde bislang als wichtiges Merkmal fur die Unterscheidung der Arten des Sterictiphorinen-Genus Aprosthema Konow (Argidae) angesehen. Eiablage-Experimente mit sudfinnischen Weibchen von Aprosthema melanurum (Klug, 1814) an Lathyrus pratensis L. (Fabaceae) zeigten, dass uberwinterte Weibchen (Fruhlingsgeneration) einen langen Kopf mit parallelen oder erweiterten Schlafen und ein kurzeres Flagellum haben, wahrend die Weibchen (und Mannchen) der Sommergeneration stark verengte Schlafen und ein langeres Flagellum aufweisen. Die kraftigen Winterkokons befinden sich in der Erde. Die dunnen, schwach gebauten Sommerkokons hingegen werden an der Futterpflanze oder einer nebenstehenden anderen Pflanze gebildet. Zum Offnen dieser Kokons benotigen die Imagines keine starken Muskeln. Ein ahnlicher Dimorphismus der Kopfform wurde auch bei den zwei Generationen des an Vicia cracca L. (Fabaceae) lebenden Aprosthema fusicorne (Thomson, 1871) sowie dem an Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. lebenden A. intermedium (Zaddach, 1864) [= A. hyalinopterum Conde, 1934, syn. nov.)] nachgewiesen. Es handelt sich hierbei um die ersten Nachweise von saisonalem Kopfdimorphismus bei Pflanzenwespen. Lectotypen wurden fur Hylotoma melanura Klug und Aprosthema hyalinopterum Conde festgelegt. Ein Bestimmungsschlussel fur die 5 untersuchten Aprosthema-Arten wird vorgelegt. 3 Aprosthema-Arten werden fur England nachgewiesen.
Functional analysis of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine

iv Table of contents . vi List of abbreviations . x Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1. DNA methylation . 1 1.1.1. 5-methycytosine . 1 1.1.2. Role of DNA methylation . 7 1.2. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine . 12 1.2. 2. Passive demethylation and displacement of methyl-binding proteins . 21 1.2. 3. Active demethylation: 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine . 22 1.2. 4. Active demethylation: deamination . 23 1.2. 5. Active demethylation: Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b convert 5-hmC to cytosine? 25 1.2. 6. 5-hmC distribution in mouse genome . 28 1.2. 7. 5-hmC distribution in human genome . 33 1.2. 8. TET1 . 35 1.2. 9. TET2 . 39 1.2. 10. TET3 . 45 1.2. 11. 5-hmC in cancer . 48 1.2. 12. Detection of 5-hmC . 50
Fire and dwarf mistletoe (Viscaceae: Arceuthobium species) in western North America: contrasting Arceuthobium tsugense and Arceuthobium americanum1

Dwarf mistletoes (Viscaceae: Arceuthobium spp.) and fire interact in important ways in the coniferous forests of western North America. Fire directly affects dwarf mistletoes by killing the host, host branch, or heating/smoking the aerial shoots and fruits. Fire is a primary determinant of dwarf mistletoe distribution on the landscape, and time since fire controls many aspects of dwarf mistletoe epidemiology. Conversely, dwarf mistletoes can influence fire by causing changes in forest composition, structure, and fuels. Prescribed fire is important for management of dwarf mistletoes, while fire suppression is thought to have increased dwarf mistletoe abundance in western forests. Two dwarf mistletoes are compared in order to illustrate fire interactions in Oregon and Washington, USA: Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm. (lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe) and Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl)(western hemlock dwarf mistletoe). Arceuthobium persists on the landscape where the host is not killed by fire. Arc.
The effect of preservatives on water balance in cut clematis flowers

ABSTRACT A positive water balance is crucial for longevity of cut shoots. When water loss by transpiration exceeds water uptake by cut flowers, wilting symptoms appear. Clematis is a very attractive plant which can be used as a cut flower provided that suitable cultivars are chosen. The vase life of four cultivars tested ranged between 6.7 days and 9.0 days and the standard preservative – 200 mg·dm−3 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8HQC) plus 2% sucrose – prolonged it significantly in two cultivars, while 8HQC alone was efficient in only one. The preservatives delayed reduction in fresh weight. An enhancement of water uptake by the preservatives resulted in prolonged vase life of flowers in two cultivars. However, the effect of preservatives on transpiration was not related to longevity. In addition, longevity did not depend on the xylem vessel size: the cultivar with the longest vase life had the lowest average xylem vessel diameter while the cultivar with the largest vessels had an intermediate vase life. Preservatives did not always affect the number of blockages in xylem appearing during vase life. Generally, the effects of preservatives on the elements of water balance in cut shoots of clematis were not directly related to the postharvest longevity.
Risk for the development of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) due to feeding of calves with milk containing residues of antibiotics

Abstract EFSA was requested to: 1) assess the risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to feeding on farm of calves with colostrum potentially containing residues of antibiotics; 2) assess the risk for the development of AMR due to feeding on farm of calves with milk of cows treated during lactation with an antibiotic and milked during the withdrawal period, and 3) propose possible options to mitigate the risk for the development of AMR derived from such practices. Treatment of dairy cows during the dry period and during lactation is common in the EU Member States. Penicillins, alone or in combination with aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins are most commonly used. Residue levels of antimicrobials decrease with the length of the dry period. When the interval from the start of the drying‐off treatment until calving is as long as or longer than the minimum specified in the Summary of Product Characteristics of the antimicrobial, faecal shedding of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria will not increase when calves are fed colostrum from treated cows. Milk from cows receiving antimicrobial treatment during lactation contains substantial residues during the treatment and withdrawal period. Consumption of such milk will lead to increased faecal shedding of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria by calves. A range of possible options exist for restricting the feeding of such milk to calves, which could be targeting the highest priority critically important antimicrobials. β‐Lactamases can reduce the concentration of β‐lactams which are the most frequently used antimicrobials in milking cows. Options to mitigate the presence of resistant bacteria in raw milk or colostrum are mainly based on thermal inactivation.
Cover crop differentially affects arthropods, but not diseases, occurring on grape leaves in vineyards

Background and Aims Cover crop has become a common management practice in viticulture. It improves the structure and protects the soil, enhances natural enemy populations and also reduces the vigour of the vine. Here, we investigated the effect of cover crop in vineyards on grapevine diseases and arthropods present on leaves. Methods and Results We measured the presence of the pathogens Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator and Guignardia bidwellii and monitored six common beneficial/pest arthropods: Panonychus ulmi, Orthotydeus lambi, Typhlodromus pyri, Scaphoideus titanus and Phalangium opilio in vineyards with cover crop or bare soil in 2014 and 2015. The density of the two pests P. ulmi and S. titanus and the beneficial mite O. lambi was lower in cover crop, while the density of the beneficial predatory mite T. pyri was higher in cover crop. We found no influence of cover crop on P. opilio and on the presence of grapevine diseases. Conclusions These findings point to a simple way to increase the population of beneficial arthropods and reduce pest arthropods, which could help integrated pest management programs. Significance of the Study To our knowledge, this is the first study monitoring the cover crop influence on both diseases and arthropods. It would help growers to optimise space management between rows to enhance their natural enemy populations while reducing pesticide application.
Hildenbrandia jigongshanensis (Hildenbrandiaceae, Rhodophyta), a new freshwater species described from Jigongshan Mountain, China

A new freshwater red alga, Hildenbrandia jigongshanensis , is described from materials collected on the surface of rocks in flowing water from Jigongshan Mountain, China. This new species is distinguished from the other freshwater members by significantly larger cell dimensions (9.8–19.6) × (9.9–10.4) μm and filament height (364–409 μm). Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the rbc L gene and the construction of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) secondary structure demonstrated the separation between H. jigongshanensis and other freshwater Hildenbrandia species. Specimens of H. jigongshanensis formed a clade divergent from H. rivularis group with robust support values based on rbc L gene sequences, and was in the basal position relative to the monophyletic H. rivularis , whereas the species H. angolensis was paraphyletic and distributed among both the freshwater and marine clades. Primary structure of 18S rRNA produced phylogenetic tree with low resolutions and unresolved relationship among the freshwater Hildenbrandia species due to high sequence conservation. Secondary structure based on 18S rRNA sequences distinguished the new species by absence of 3 helices compared with common structure of H. rivularis . This species description brings the total number of recognized freshwater Hildenbrandia species in China to two.
Meat content and carcass composition as related to sex and RYR1 genotype in pigs from six genetic groups

In fatteners of six genetic groups the slaughter traits were studied based on carcass weight standardized to 85 kg hot weight. The highest mean lean meat content of carcass was found in fatteners from Line 890 – 59.18%, followed by [(L×Y)×D] – 57.08, [(L×Y)×(D×P)] – 56.73, L×Y 56.57%, L – 56.18 and L×D – 56.00%. The effect was confirmed of genetic group and sex on lean meat content of carcass and related traits. Significant effects of interaction between genetic group and sex were noted for: weight of loin, weight of belly and weight of ham without external fat and skin, backfat thickness over shoulder and over back, and on sacrum point I. No CC genotype at the RYR1 locus was noted among fatteners with highest lean meat content (Line 890).
Effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) addition on the nutritional composition and sensory evaluation of herbal seasoning.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajorcaju, PSC) addition to partially replace coconut milk powder on nutritional composition and sensory values of Herbal Seasoning (HS). This study evaluates the nutritional composition, dietary fibre and sensory acceptance of HS that processed using six different formulations with different levels of PSC powder, namely 0% (A), 20% (B), 40% (C), 60% (D), 80% (E) and 100% (F). The use of PSC powder substantially brought down the fat content of HS. The fat content of PSC-based HS was ranged from 13.82±0.84% to 8.16±0.74%. The protein content showed an increasing trend in line with increasing of PSC powder ranging from 7% to 12%. Substitution of coconut milk powder with PSC powder resulted in significantly higher (p<0.05) of total dietary fibre content (TDF). The TDF content was ranging from 15.53% to 22.02%. The sensory evaluation showed that both HS contained 100% and control were not significant different (p>0.05). The panels preferred HS formulated with PSC powder since its enhance colour and viscosity attributes of the products. In brief, HS formulated with more than 40% PSC powder is recommended since it has significant nutrients and palatably accepted by sensorial panellists.
Effect of different salinity on serum osmolality, ion levels and hematological parameters of East Java strain tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of different salinity levels on the physiology of East Java strain tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by measuring the serum osmolalities (SO), ion levels and hematological parameters. Their SOs above the external medium (hyper-osmotic) at 0 and 5 ppt, becoming iso-osmotic at 10 ppt and hypo-osmotic at 15 ppt. The concentrations of serum Na+, K+, Cl− and Ca2+ in fish acclimated in 0 and 5 ppt were not significantly different. The levels of Na+, Cl– and Ca2+ in fish exposed to 10 and 15 ppt were higher than those in fish acclimated at 0 and 5 ppt. In contrast, the levels of K+ in fish exposed to 10 and 15 ppt were lower than those in fish exposed to 0 and 5 ppt. The levels of red blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin of fish exposed to salinity of 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppt were not significantly different. The levels of white blood cell increased significantly at fish exposed to 10 and 15 ppt. These data provide useful information for future reference and farming practice.
Polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor IGF-1 gene in selected Polish sheep breeds

Polymorphism of insulin like growth factor IGF-1 gene in selected Polish sheep breeds. Research was carried out in 2009–2013 on 1,751 sheep bred in Poland (1366 ♀; 385 ♂) – 4 meatwool breeds: Polish Merino, Old type Polish Merino, Corriedale and Żelaźnieńska sheep and 3 meat breeds (Berrichone du cher, Suffolk, Charolaise) from 34 fl ocks selected randomly across the country. All animals were subjected to identifi cation factor insulin-IGF-1 gene, in the assessment of C and T alleles. Summing up, it should be noted that in four meat-wool breeds and two meat breeds (Berrichone du cher, Suffolk) there were no polymorphism of alleles and genotypes of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) gene, limiting its scope to determine C allele and CC genotype. Only one Charolaise ewe (breed imported from France) had T allele and C:T genotype. That result indicates the need for further research about sheep imported and adapted in Polish production conditions and assess the adaptation process.
Studies of copper trafficking proteins from Bacillus subtilis by native mass spectrometry

Copper is essential for life, but potentially toxic due to its ability to redox cycle and displace metal cofactors. Therefore, ubiquitous protein networks exist to safely handle and deliver copper. Copper is removed from the cell via an integral membrane P1B-ATPase, characterised by its soluble metal-binding domains (MBDs) which receive copper from Atx1-like copper chaperones in the cytoplasm. The mechanism of copper removal is unknown. Low molecular weight thiol species (LMWT) may play a role in cellular copper trafficking. The metallochaperone (CopZ) and soluble domains of the ATPase (CopAab) from Bacillus subtilis each bind Cu(I) with high affinity/specificity and form higher-order assemblies. Native electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) revealed formation of multiple copper-bound species with increasing Cu(I) level; cooperative formation of Cu4(CopZ)2 and Cu6(CopAab)2 was observed. The affinity for Cu(I) of bacillithiol (BSH), the primary LMWT in the B.subtilis cytoplasm, was determined to be b2 = 4.1 x 1017 M-2. ESI-MS revealed reduced intensity of dimeric forms of CopZ and CopAab in the presence of BSH (and other LMWT) due to copper competition; bacillithiolation of CopZ was observed. Higher order copper-bound complexes were observed for metallochaperones from Streptomyces lividans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their decrease in the presence of LMWT. Rapid and reversible copper transfer between CopZ and CopAab was observed with similar rate constants at 25°C for forward (247 ± 2.2 s-1) and reverse (258 ± 2.6 s-1) directions of transfer. The rate constant was independent of concentration, suggesting the rate-limiting step is first-order, and likely to be protein complex formation. Kinetic studies demonstrated that protein complex formation resulted in a 7-fold increase in the rate of copper transfer; a copper-bound CopZ:CopAab complex was observed via ESI-MS. Bidirectional copper transfer between CopZ and CopAab consistent with a regulatory role for the MBDs.
Monochromatic light affects the development of chick embryo liver via an anti-oxidation pathway involving melatonin and the melatonin receptor Mel1c

Wang, T. , Wang, Z. , Cao, J., Dong, Y. and Chen, Y. 2014. Monochromatic light affects the development of chick embryo liver via an anti-oxidation pathway involving melatonin and the melatonin receptor Mel1c. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 391-400. Monochromatic light can influence muscle development during incubation and post-hatching. This process is related to IGF-1, which is primarily secreted by the liver. However, the effect of monochromatic light on liver development of chick embryo is unclear. In this study, 600 Arbor Acres fertile broiler eggs were randomly assigned to four incubators and exposed to continuous red light (R-group), green light (G-group), blue light (B-group), or a dark environment (D-group, control). The liver index of the G-group was higher than that of other groups (6.47-15.46%) at E21, accompanied by a higher percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) contents were the highest in the G-group, and this trend was positively correlated with plasma melatonin (Mel) levels and the Mel receptor Mel1c expression of liver, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content appeared to follow an opposite trend. In vitro, the administration of exogenous melatonin (250 pg mL-1) increased the proliferative activity and the antioxidant status of hepatocytes. However, this effect was significantly inhibited by Prazosin, a Mel1c inhibitor. These results suggest that green light improves the antioxidant status of the liver, which is mediated by melatonin and mel1c, and finally accelerates liver development.
Leaf Blade versus Petiole Nutrient Tests as Predictors of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Status of ‘Pinot Noir’ Grapevines

Grape growers rely on tissue tests of leaf blades or petioles for routine monitoring of vine nutritional health and for diagnosing potential nutrient deﬁciency or toxicity. There has been a long-standing debate as to which tissue better reﬂects the nutrient status of vines. A comparison of leaf blade and petiole nutrient concentrations was carried out to investigate which tissue better relates to vine growth, yield, and must nutrient responses of ‘Pinot noir’ grapevines to varying levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) supply using data from a pot-in-pot vineyard over 4 years. Leaf blades and petioles were collected at 50% bloom and 50% veraison in each year and N, P, and K concentrations were assessed as predictors of leaf area at veraison, pruning mass at dormancy, yield, and must nutrient concentrations at fruit maturity. Data from commercial ‘Pinot noir’ vineyards were also used to investigate the relationship between leaf blade and petiole N concentrations with must N levels. Results indicated that leaf blades were superior to petioles in predicting vine growth, yield, and must yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) responses across a wide range of vine N status at both sampling times. Leaf blade N was a better predictor than petiole N in predicting YAN using data sets from both the pot-in-pot vineyard and commercial vineyards. Relation- ships between leaf blade and petiole concentrations of P and K and vine response variables generally did not differ and both tissues appeared to be equally effective in predicting P and K effects on growth, yield, and must P or K levels. Although petiole P was slightly better than leaf blade P at bloom in predicting must P levels, and models including both leaf
Complete mitochondrial genome of an extinct Equus (Sussemionus) ovodovi specimen from Denisova cave (Altai, Russia)

Abstract Sussemionus is an extinct subgenus of Equus first characterized and delineated in 2010. The almost complete mitochondrial genome is available only for a single specimen of Sussemionus – a 40,000 years old E. ovodovi from Proskuryakova cave (Khakassia, Russia). Our studies of ancient horses from Denisova cave (Altai, Russia) revealed mitochondrial DNA of this species in a 32,000 years old sample. Using alignments to multiple mitochondrial genomes of non-caballine equids, we recovered 100% complete mitochondrial genome of E. ovodovi for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates close relationship between this individual and the one previously described in Khakassia.
Biology and Ecology of Oscinella Fusidentata Cherian (Diptera : Chloropidae) with Notes on the External Morphology of the Immature Stages

This species is fairly common in Agra during February-May and July-November. For studying the life history grass infested by the larvae were uprooted from field and planted in glass tubes inside glass jars. The adults which emerged were separated into pairs. Each pair was released into an inverted glass (25 cm. X 20 em.). In this glass cotton wool soaked in sugar solution, changed every day, provided food and O. dactylon, potted in glass tubes (7.5 cm. X 2.5 cm.) served as sites for sitting and egg laying. The grass was examined for eggs at regular 'intervals and those on which eggs were found were replaced by fresh potted plants. The former were transferred to the constant temperature room where required temperature and high humidity were maintained.
Sucrose, Culture Media, and their Interactions during in Vitro Proliferation of 'Roxo de Valinhos'(ficus carica L.)

Micropropagation is just one of many tissue culture procedures in use. The applications of this technology have multiplied rapidly in recent years. This technique produces plants that are more likely to maintain genotypic and phenotypic fidelity to the original clone. It is used for essentially all the fruit plants that are micropropagated commercially at the present time. Sucrose, media culture and their interactive effects on bud proliferation rate of Ficus carica L. cv. 'Roxo de Valinhos' were studied. The sucrose concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45 g.L-1 each were combined factorially with MS, B5, Knudson, White and WPM media culture, were tested for optimal proliferation response. Small axillary buds were removed from these branches and culture on solid medium. Those treatments rested in growth room at 27±1 °C temperature with 16 hs photoperiod in 35 µmol. m-2.s-1 light intensity. After 60 days, we made the following assumptions in our analysis: number, length and fresh matter weight of the shoots, length and fresh weight of the roots. The best results for the aerial part were obtained at WPM medium and 15g.L-1 sucrose. There wasn't root system development.
Prescriptions for Produce: An intervention with nutrition education, cooking instruction and produce vouchers to increase fruit and vegetable consumption.

Recommended Citation La Barba, Julie M.D., FAAP and Karen Weber Cullen, DrPH (2019) "Prescriptions for Produce: An intervention with nutrition education, cooking instruction and produce vouchers to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. ," Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk: Vol. 10 : Iss. 2 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.library. tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol10/iss2/3