Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Functional Properties of a Blood Protein

Aiming to evaluate the functional properties of a blood protein, the emulsifying ones were chosen to be studied in this work. Thus, the effect of the pH and of the tryptic hydrolysis on the emulsifying properties of bovine globin, extracted by the acidified acetone method, was studied. The emulsifying capacity (EC), the emulsifying activity index (EAI) and the emulsion stability (ES) were determined at pH varying from 3.0 to 8.0 and employing hydrolysis times from 5 to 60 min. The highest values for EC and ES were obtained at pH 5.0 and 6.0, respectively, corresponding to the range of high protein solubility. On the other hand, the EAI was higher at pH 3.0 and also at pH 7.0 and 8.0, where the protein is insoluble. The tryptic hydrolysis produced an increase in EC, in all pH range studied, while for the EAI the same effect was observed only in pH 4.0 and 5.0, and for ES at pH 7.0 after 60 min of hydrolysis.
An evaluation of habitat rehabilitation on coastal dune forests in Northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

The rehabilitation program conducted by Richards Bay Minerals (RBM) of areas exposed to opencast surface mining of sand dunes north of Richards Bay (28°43'S, 32°12'E) on the coast of northern KwaZulu-Natal Province commenced 16 years before this study and has resulted in the development of a series of known-aged stands of vegetation. By assuming that these spatially separated stands develop along a similar pathway over time, instantaneous sampling should reveal successional or other changes usually associated with aging and should provide an opportunity to evaluate the success of rehabilitation. We compare relative densities of pioneer and secondary species, species richness, and a similarity index of the herbaceous layer, tree, beetle, millipede, bird, and small-mammal communities of rehabilitating areas of known age with those of 30-year-old unmined forests and unmined forests of unknown age adjacent to the rehabilitating area. Species richness for all but the mammalian taxa increased with increasing age of rehabilitating stands. For all taxa but the mammals and herbaceous layer, the unmined stands harbored more species than the mined rehabilitating stands. The relative densities of pioneer species of all the taxa decreased with an increase in the age of rehabilitating stands, whereas those of the secondary species increased with an increase in habitat age. Similarity between unmined stands and rehabilitating stands of different ages increased with increasing regeneration age of rehabilitating stands, suggesting that rehabilitating communities, in terms of species composition and relative densities, are developing towards the status of unmined communities. Rehabilitation based on RBM's management program of limited interference is occurring and may result in the reestablishment of a coastal dune forest ecosystem. But rehabilitation resulting from succession depends on the availability of species sources from which colonization can take place. In the Richards Bay mining operation the present mining path is laid out so that such refuges are present.
Viabilidade técnica e econômica da aplicação de estrobilurinas em milho

Technical and economic feasibility of strobilurin fungicides application on maize In recent years, great emphasis has been given to the use of fungicides for managing foliar diseases in corn in Brazil. This study aimed to conduct an analysis of technical and economic feasibility of application of fungicides on maize in different growing regions. Trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of fungicides on the yield of different maize cultivars at three locations: Sete Lagoas (state of Minas Gerais), Londrina (state of Parana) and Rio Verde (state of Goias). The effect of one and two fungicide applications on each cultivar was evaluated. For each trial, the difference in mean yield and disease severities between treated and untreated plots for each cultivars was compared. For all trials, yield response of cultivars treated with fungicides was highly inconsistent under low disease severity. A higher frequency of positive yields and economic benefit occurred when fungicide applications were made under conditions of high disease pressure. More studies are needed to better clarify the effect of strobilurin fungicides on the physiology and production of corn plants.
Do Social Responsibility Screens Matter When Assessing Mutual Fund Performance?

Regarding the contribution of socially responsible (SR) screening to mutual fund performance, we propose a new decomposition of the variability of SR mutual fund returns that isolates the contribution of SR screening, allowing it to be compared with other, traditional sources of performance. Our results, based on a sample of SR equity mutual funds, show that SR screening does contribute to the variability of mutual fund performance, together with asset allocation decisions and active management. This contribution is, on average, between 4% and 10%, roughly two times lower than the contribution made by active portfolio choices. Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest. Editor’s Note This article was externally reviewed using our double-blind peer-review process. When the article was accepted for publication, the authors thanked the reviewers in their acknowledgments. Denys Glushkov and Jenke ter Horst were the reviewers for this article. Submitted 10 April 2015 Accepted 28 December 2016 by Stephen J. Brown
The measurement and significance of ionic calcium in milk – A review

The measurement of ionic calcium in milk and milk products is of vital importance in understanding the role of calcium in milk. This review compares the methods of measurement including ion equilibration, murexide and ion selective electrodes. Secondly the variations in milk from individual cows and goats, and in bulk milk samples are reviewed. The third section examines the differences in ionic calcium in relation to processing: addition and removal of calcium and other salts, rennet coagulation, miscellaneous influences, filtration and evaporation and drying are all reviewed. Finally the review considers why ionic calcium measurement is not more widely measured within the diary industry and argues that it could be beneficial to do so.
Preview Number 142

submissions are invited for Conference technical presentations. Authors may elect to present a paper or a poster. Each submission should be associated with a technical area. No commercial promotion or overt advertising of techniques and services will be permitted. The Technical Papers SubCommittee will make the final decision regarding the acceptance of papers and posters. Initial abstracts or extended abstracts for all presentations will be published in the conference proceedings. Conference Secretariat Conference Action PO Box 576, Crows Nest NSW 1585 Tel: +61 2 9437 9333 Fax: +61 2 9901 4586 Email: aseg-pesa2010@conferenceaction.com. au Web: www.aseg-pesa2010.com. au 21st International Geophysical Conference & Exhibition | 22–26 August 2010, Sydney, Australia Call for papers Presenter Profile A brief personal profile of the presenter (maximum 100 words in sentence format) is required to be submitted online with your abstract submission. PLEASE NOTE: • Presenters are expected to register and pay for the day of presentation or the full time program at least one month before the conference. • All costs to attend the conference, including travel and accommodation, must be met by presenters. • All correspondence should be directed to the ASEG 2010 Secretariat at: aseg-pesa2010@conferenceaction.com. au.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY OF NZB/BL MICE

Hemolytic disease characterized by slight anemia, reticulocytosis, hemosiderosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and positive indirect antiglobulin (Coombs') tests and renal disease with proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and glomerular lesions were produced in Swiss mice by neonatal intraperitoneal inoculation of cell-free filtrates prepared from the spleens of old NZB/Bl mice. Lymphoid cell and plasma cell hyperplasia as well as hypergammaglobulinemia occurred in some of these inoculated mice. Type "C" murine oncogenic virus-like particles, indistinguishable from those previously described (1), were shown by electron microscopic study to be present in distinctive locations, notably in the basal foldings of convoluted tubules in the kidneys of a newborn NZB/Bl mouse, old NZB/Bl mice, a CBA x NZB F1 hybrid mouse, and a Swiss mouse inoculated with NZB/Bl spleen cell-free filtrate. These observations point to two (perhaps related) circumstances which may be requisites for the pathogenic action of this newly discovered virus within and outside the strain NZB: infection of newborn, or infant, mice; persistent, possibly tolerant, infection of adult mice.
Distribution and structure of the population of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., under typical rearing conditions

Samples of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , held in sea cages and tanks with running water were examined for presence of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis. The number of lice, their sex stage (only post-chalimus stages) and location on the fish body were recorded. A new method has been used to express parasitic intensity in fish of different size. Effects of different factors on the degree and character of infestation (structure of the lice population), such as fish size, habitat and chemical treatment, have been studied. Different lice categories have shown different susceptibility to delousing with dichlorvos. Second pre-adults are most susceptible, and males generally more than females. Running water has been found to‘flush out’the lice from the fish body. Pre-adults are flushed out easier than adults, and males generally easier than females. Adult males show high tolerance to water of lowered salinity and great mobility manifested in occasional transfer between hosts. The higher activity level of adult males may partly explain a drop in proportion of males after delousing and in running water. Frequency of mating has been found to increase with parasitic intensity.
Estabelecimento de espécies florestais nativas por meio de semeadura direta para recuperação de áreas degradadas

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of direct sowing and the influence of a physical protector on establishment of native species, in a pasture area and on a crop area as well. The experiment was carried out in the city of Sao Cristovao-SE (10o55'20"S e 37o12'00"W), in a random block design, in a factorial design with three replicates. Seeds of Erythrina velutina Wild. , Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. , Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. , Machaerium aculeatum Raddi, Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir) DC. and Sapindus saponaria L. were used. Field evaluatinons consisted on the following: emergence, survival and early development of the species (height and diameter). With regard to the emergence and seedlings survival, there was significant difference between the two studied environments, in which the subsystem agriculture showed the best results. Considering the development of species in the field, E. velutina stood out due to the higher values of height and diameter in both areas, in both treatments. Direct sowing was feasible in the recovery of degraded areas, with the use of native species, in the study areas.
Biological flora of New Zealand 14: Metrosideros excelsa, pōhutukawa, New Zealand Christmas tree

We review the biology and ecology of Metrosideros excelsa (Myrtaceae), an endemic angiosperm evergreen tree. Metrosideros excelsa belongs to a conspicuous and widely distributed Pacific Basin genus, with centres of diversity in both New Zealand and New Caledonia. Metrosideros excelsa is an iconic tree species that forms a significant component of northern New Zealand's exposed coastal headland and cliff vegetation. Where conditions are more favourable, M. excelsa forms tall coastal forest, ranging from simple young high-density stands to diverse mature forest. Inland, M. excelsa stands are confined to the margins of lakes and rivers on the Central Volcanic Plateau, where some may originate from early Māori plantings. Metrosideros excelsa is reliant on stochastic disturbance events (e.g. landslides, volcanic eruptions) to create open sites necessary for regeneration. Mass flowering (December–January), followed by abundant production of wind-dispersed seed maximises chance colonisation of such sites. Since human settlement in New Zealand, the distribution of M. excelsa forest has declined by c. 90% and the southern limit of the species has retreated north. Natural regeneration on the mainland is limited by the infrequency of large-scale disturbances and increased anthropogenic and herbivore pressures. Consequently, M. excelsa forest has become rare and localised on the mainland; monitoring and active management are fundamental to the species' long-term conservation.
MOVEMENT OF EELWORMS: V. OBSERVATIONS ON APHELENCHOIDES RITZEMA‐BOSI (SCHWARTZ, 1912) STEINER, 1932 ON FLORISTS‘ CHRYSANTHEMUMS

Adults of Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi tend to migrate up the stems of chrysanthemum plants in stationary water films possibly by a negatively geotropic response. A current of water down the stem opposes such an upward movement. Greatest mobility occurred in thick films of water in places with a high concentration of epidermal hairs as at the top of the stem and on the undersurface of leaves. Cine films of movement in thick and thin films showed that there were fundamental differences in the type of locomotion in these two environments. Invasion of leaves via stomata was observed and the method of movement is described. The presence of A. ritzema-bosi in leaves appears to render the epidermis permeable to water. During dry weather there is little movement inside the leaf, but after rainfall activity increases as water enters the leaf. Spread of eelworm infestation in the leaf occurs in the mesophyll and across veins although initially these act as barriers. Emergence occurs via the stomata, chiefly on the undersurface. When the leaf is wet, about 50% of the eelworms emerge in the first hour. During wet weather many eelworms were recovered from the surfaces of leaves and it is suggested that eelworms spread mostly under these conditions.
What Do Species Do in Ecosystems

Three aspects of the role of species in ecosystems are reviewed. (1) Theoretically, what are the possible relationships between ecosystem processes (Likens' (1992) transformation and flux of energy and matter) and the species richness of communities ? (2) Summaries of two experiments with artificially constructed terrestrial ecosystems in the controlled environment facility known as the Ecotron are described. The first draws attention to the role of earthworms as ecosystem engineers; the second explores changes in ecosystem processes in mesocosms assembled with three different levels of biological diversity
Morfologia dos tricomas em Tibouchina sect. Pleroma (D. Don) cogn. (melastomataceae)

The Melastomataceae display greater trichome diversity. Dr. Wurdack, in his Atlas of hairs, recognized 46 types of trichomes for the Neotropical Melastomataceae through the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and referred 17 of them to the genus Tibouchina. The trichome morphology has been extensively used in the delimitation of the taxa in Melastomataceae, as well as in previous studies by Cogniaux, the monograph of Brazilian Melastomataceae published in 1885. The morphology of the trichomes was essential for the delimitation of several species in Tibouchina section Pleroma. The use of SEM provided the best characterization of the 15 different types of trichomes recognized among the 41 species examined. These were described based on the morphological appearance, both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and illustrated by scanning electron micrographs and photomicrographs.
Body Burdens and Distribution of Mercury and Selenium in Striped Dolphins

We examined variations in the burden of total mercury and selenium with age in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). The amount of total mercury accumulated in the whole body increased with age and reached a constant level at about 16 years of age. The constant total mercury burden level in males was slightly higher than that of females. A similar tendency was observed for the body burdens of methylmercury in males and females. The body burden of selenium remained constant for the dolphins of ages between 5 to 12 years, and after that it sharply increased with growth until about 17 years of age. The sum of total mercury in muscle, liver and blubber was about 90% of that in the whole body. Approximately 90% of the methylmercury in the whole body was in the muscle. The total selenium content in muscle, liver and blubber comprised 67 ~ 80% of that in the whole body of immature individuals and mature males. The accumulation of selenium in various tissues varied among mature males, pregnant females and lac.
Decolorization of Coal Humic Acid by Extracellular Enzymes Produced by White-Rot Fungi

ABSTRACT In order to produce useful materials from coal humic acid by enzymic action, the screening of microorganisms able to decolorize coal humic acid has been carried out. In this study, the enzymic decolorization and depolymerization of coal humic acid by three white-rot fungal strains isolated in our laboratory were investigated. The relation between four kinds of extracellular enzymes—laccase (Lac), arylalcohol oxidase (AAO), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP)—excreted by the white-rot fungi and the decolorization of coal humic acid was examined. The fungus strain FTN gave the highest decolorization rate of coal humic acid (50% on incubation day seven and 73% on day twenty). As MnP showed the highest activity of the four extracellular enzymes in all three fungi, it is considered likely that MnP promotes the decolorization of coal humic acid.
The effect of drying treatment on the fodder quality and tannin content of two provenances of Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner

The effects of freeze drying and of air drying at 30 °C on the nutritive value of Calliandra calothyrsus leaves were evaluated, using material from two provenances grown together under controlled greenhouse conditions. Freshly harvested leaf of each provenance was compared with the dried treatments in terms of in vitro digestibility, content of extractable, protein-bound and fibre-bound proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin) and protein precipitation activity of the extractable fraction, as well as crude protein and fibre content. The effect of long-term (12 months) storage of fresh-frozen and dried leaf was also evaluated. Provenance was found to have a major effect on most of the traits, and large differences between the provenances in proanthocyanidin structure were found by high-performance liquid chromatography, with the tannins of one provenance consisting mainly of catechin/epicatechin subunits (producing cyanidin on treatment with butanol/HCl), and those of the other mainly gallocatechin/epigallocatechin subunits (producing delphinidin with butanol/HCl). This also resulted in large differences in colour yield in the butanol/HCl assay for proanthocyanidins, necessitating separate standards for each provenance. Both drying treatments tended to increase digestibility, though the effect was only significant for one provenance. Air drying, but not freeze drying, increased proanthocyanidin binding to protein, but not to fibre, in both provenances. Long-term freezing reduced proanthocyanidin content by about half and should be avoided in tannin research. The study suggests that careful air drying, without excessive heating, may not reduce the nutritive value of C calothyrsus, though this needs validation through feeding studies with ruminants. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
A new cytotoxic flabelliferin from palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) flour

The cytotoxic compound 1 was isolated from palmyrah flour methanol: water (1:1) extracts, during the course of isolation of the mosquito larvicidal compound4 using MPLC in petroleum ether: methylene chloride: ethyl acetate: methanol gradient at a flow rate of 18 mL/ min against gravity. Further purification of compound 1 was conducted using chromatotron with methanol: water (1: 1) isocratic system. Compound 1 was re-crystallized using water, MeOH and EtOAc solvent mixtures and dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. The resulting solution was introduced into micro-wells containing melanoma cancer cells obtained from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), USA. Doxorubicin 20 μg/mL solution was used as a positive control and the growth was measured microscopically after 24 h according to a well established screening method10.
Mononationals: The Diversification Benefits of Investing in Companies with No Foreign Sales

Few papers have focused on the diversification benefits of companies with domestic sales only, or mononationals. We compare the international diversification benefits of equity portfolios of various multinational classifications. We find that multinationality has a significant impact on diversification benefits, with foreign “domestic” stocks offering the most benefits and foreign “global” stocks the least, and that investing in stocks with low sales in the investor’s home region leads to higher benefits. For portfolio managers, we suggest that a portfolio of mononationals offers the potential for greater benefits than a portfolio of multinationals. Our results are strongest for US, eurozone, UK, and Japanese investors. A practitioner's perspective on this article is provided in the In Practice piece "Rediscovering Diversification in International Equities" by Phil Davis, online 17 April 2017. Disclosure: The authors report no conflict of interest. Editor’s Notes: This article was externally reviewed using our double-blind peer-review process. When the article was accepted for publication, the authors thanked the reviewers in their acknowledgments. Patrick Savaria, CFA, was one of the reviewers for this article. Submitted 17 February 2016 Accepted 24 November 2016 by Stephen J. Brown
New Records of Chara (Chlorophyta, Characeae) for Subtropical Southern Brazil

Abstract Twelve taxa of the genus Chara (Characeae, Chlorophyta) are decribed and illustrated based on specimens from southern Brazil. The taxonomic survey in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul recorded seven, one, and nine species for each state, respectively. Chara guairensis was the most common species in the area, followed by C. rusbyana. The species Chara guairensis, C. martiana, C. rusbyana, Chara hydropitys, C. braunii and its varieties were recorded for the first time in Rio Grande do Sul, and the following six for Paraná: C. angolensis, C. diaphana, C. guairensis, C. kenoyeri, C. martiana, and C. zeylanica.
News vs. Sentiment: Predicting Stock Returns from News Stories

The authors used a dataset of more than 900,000 news stories to test whether news can predict stock returns. They measured sentiment with a proprietary Thomson Reuters neural network and found that daily news predicts stock returns for only one to two days, confirming previous research. Weekly news, however, predicts stock returns for one quarter. Positive news stories increase stock returns quickly, but negative stories receive a long-delayed reaction. Much of the delayed response to news occurs around the subsequent earnings announcement. Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest. Editor’s Note Submitted 10 November 2015 Accepted 28 December 2016 by Stephen J. Brown