Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reducing Training Overhead of Large Time-Scale Transfer Scheduling for Mobile Devices

In this thesis, we focus on large time-scale scheduling of mobile data transfer, e.g., in minutes or hours. Such large time-scale provides signi ﬁ - cantly more room for performance improvement in real-life scenarios, which differs our work from most existing channel-aware scheduling studies. In particular, we design, implement, and evaluate a framework for pro-ﬁ ling and scheduling based on Markov decision theory, using the Android platform. Our trace-driven simulations show that mobile users in real-life scenarios can bene ﬁ t signi ﬁ cantly from our framework. For example, 50% of mobile users will enjoy 20%-90% throughput improvement with a deadline guarantee of 40 minutes and an average delay of 15 minutes. In addition, we quantify and reduce the overhead of generating model parameters of the proposed scheduling algorithms. We determine the best training window size: 30 days. We adopt various clustering algorithms to group users in order to reduce training overhead. We empirically determine the best system parameters of the clustering algorithms using real traces. Our clustering algorithms reduce the training overhead without sacri ﬁ cing too much performance: it saves up to 59.9% of training time while incurring 18% performance degradation.
Gacaca Courts and Restorative Justice in Rwanda

Over 100 days from April to July 1994 between 800,000 and 1,000,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed in Rwanda. The killings were organized by the Rwandan Government and executed by the military, armed militia groups and ordinary men and women who often killed their own relatives, friends and neighbours (Corey & Joiremann, 2004, p.73; Clark and Kaufman, 2008, p.1). The Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA), the military arm of the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) which consisted of Tutsis living in Ugandan exile, defeated the Rwandan Government Forces and ended the genocide (Graybill and Lanegran, 2004, p.8; Magnarella, 2005, p.811).
Is a Double Auction Market Needed to Reduce the Effects of Anchoring? On the Robustness of Anchoring of Valuations

We test whether markets are needed to mitigate the effects of anchoring on peoples’ preferences. We anchor subjects by asking them if they are willing to sell a bottle of wine for a transparently uninformative random price. We elicit subjects’ Willingness-To-Accept for the bottle before and after the market. Subjects either participate in a small or a large double auction market. The variance in subjects’ Willingness-To-Accept shrinks within trading groups. Our evidence supports the idea that markets have the potential to mitigate a bias. However, the market is not needed: our anchoring manipulation failed in a large sample.
Learning across Peer Firms and Innovation Waves

This paper presents a model where rms learn from each others innovationand innovation by one rm spurs subsequent innovations by peer rms, leading to the emergence of innovation waves. In our model, innovation of a rm reaches peer rms competing in similar markets. Peer rms receiving the innovation can either expropriate it, or learn from it to generate a subsequent innovation. As an innovation reaches a greater number of peer rms, each peer rms expropriation incentives decline while its incentives to generate a subsequent innovation increase. In addition, as the intensity of the innovation transmission across peer rms gets larger, expropriation incentives decline even further. Hence, perhaps surprisingly, as the innovation travels to a greater number of peer rms at a greater speed, and becomes easier to be expropriated, it becomes less desirable to expropriate it. Our results are consistent with the empirical evidence presented in Matray (2014) that innovation by one rm spurs innovation by neighboring peer rms, and rms innovate by building on previous technologies produced by peer rms. Our model predicts that a concentrated mass of interconnected rms that both compete and learn from each other as well as a speedy ow of ideas from one rm to another are necessary conditions for innovation waves to emerge. Finally, our analysis has implications for the innovation output of a rm and industry after a merger wave. A wave of consolidating mergers in an industry will reduce the number of rms, and increase each rms incentive to expropriate a given innovation, with a negative e¤ect on incentives to invest in innovation in
Political responsiveness and credibility in regulatory administration

Regulatory administration in Denmark, the Netherlands, and Sweden has gone through frequent and dramatic changes since 1950. Reforms are neither restricted to economic regulation nor to the post1980-reform period. The changes facilitate political control through either the parliamentary chain of delegation or collegiate boards, often with strong corporatist traits. However, change does not follow a universal pattern. Rather they build on organisational forms that are embedded in national administrative traditions. The analysis questions the validity of functionalist theories of regulatory reform while arguing for the empirical validity of the politics of structural choice theory. In parliamentary systems of the European type policy makers prefer organisational designs that maximise flexibility to delegation to independent regulators, but consistently within the confines of national administrative tradition.
A Robust Multiwatermarking Scheme for Multiple Digital Input Images in DWT Domain

—Digital Watermarking is an encryption technique that protects the ownership of multimedia using algorithms. It has opened a new domain in multimedia security and protection against attacks. In this paper, an experiment is conducted using four inputs images. In order to propose a Multi-Watermarking method using four inputs we have applied an inductive computation that improved the quality of output image from one side; and robustness of trademarks which are extracted from the process on the other side. The process contains four two dimensional trademarks which will be converted and combined into a three dimensional sequence. The next phase is to use sub-digital images in Discrete Wavelet Transform domain and decompose them into non-overlapping blocks and finding the block which contains the most densely packed information pertaining to texture (based on the size of the binary image). The latest stage is to embed the final Multi-Watermark before adjusting the selected block pixels. This will be based on some discrete operation rules, which will later be discussed. The results will be compared to currently available three-input methods.
Automatic Detection of Emotions and Distress in Textual Data

Automatic Detection of Emotions and Distress in Textual Data Elham Mohammadi Online data can be analyzed for many purposes, including the prediction of stock market, business, and political planning. Online data can also be used to develop systems for the automatic emotion detection and mental health assessment of users. These systems can be used as complementary measures in monitoring online forums by detecting users who are in need of attention. In this thesis, we first present a new approach for contextual emotion detection, i.e. emotion detection in short conversations. The approach is based on a neural feature extractor, composed of a recurrent neural network with an attention mechanism, followed by a final classifier, that can be neural or SVM-based. The results from our experiments showed that, by providing a higher and more robust performance, SVM can act as a better final classifier in comparison to a feed-forward neural network. We then extended our model for emotion detection, and created an ensemble approach for the task of distress detection from online data. This extended approach utilizes several attention-based neural sub-models to extract features and predict class probabilities, which are later used as input features to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) making the final classification. Our experiments show that using an ensemble approach which makes use different sub-models accessing diverse sources of information can improve classification in the absence of a large annotated dataset. The extended model was evaluated on two shared tasks, CLPsych and eRisk 2019, which aim at suicide risk assessment, and early risk detection of anorexia, respectively. The model ranked first in tasks A and C of CLPsych 2019 (with macro-average F1 scores of 0.481 and 0.268, respectively), and ranked first in the first task of eRisk 2019 in terms of F1 and latency-weighted F1 scores (0.71 and 0.69, respectively). iii
New lower bounds for probabilistic degree and AC0 with parity gates

We make the ﬁrst progress on probabilistic-degree lower bounds and correlation bounds for polynomials since the papers by Razborov and Smolensky in the 80’s. The bounds hold for computing some function f : { 0 , 1 } n → { 0 , 1 } in E NP , and include: (1) Ω( n/ log 2 n ) lower bounds probabilistic degree. This is optimal up to a factor O (log 2 n ). The previous best lower bound was Ω( √ n ) proved in the 80’s by Razborov and Smolensky. (2) exp(Ω( n/ log 2 n ) 1 / ( h − 1) ) lower bounds on the size of depth- h AC 0 [ ⊕ ] circuits, for any h . This almost matches the exp(Ω( n 1 / ( h − 1) )) lower bounds for AC 0 by H˚astad. The previous best lower bound was exp(Ω( n 1 / ( h +1) )) by Rajgopal, Santhanam, and Srinivasan who recently improved Razborov and Smolensky’s exp(Ω( n 1 / (2 h − 2) )) bound. (3) (1 / 2 − (log O ( h ) s ) /n ) average-case hardness for size- s depth- h AC 0 [ ⊕ ] circuits under the uniform distribution. The previous best was (1 / 2 − (log O ( h ) s ) / √ n ). A concurrent work by Chen and Ren obtains an incomparable result. The mentioned previous best lower bounds in (1) and (3) held for the Majority function. Each of the new lower bounds in this paper is false for Majority. For (2) the previous best held for E NP . The proofs build on Williams’ “guess-and-SAT” method. For (1) we show how to use a PCP by Ben-Sasson and Viola towards probabilistic-degree lower bounds. For (3) we combine a recent work by Alman and Chen with hardness ampliﬁcation.
Threshold optimization and Bayesian inference on the XENON1T experiment

The XENON collaboration operates the highly sensitive dark matter detector XENON1T at Gran Sasso, Italy. This thesis reports on the optimization of the thresholds inside XENON1T’s data processor Pax, and examines Bayesian inference as an alternative statistical method to set upper limits on the WIMP-nucleon cross section. The hitfinder module inside Pax determines whether there are hits inside a PMT pulse. A hit is detected if the pulse passes a certain threshold. The optimal upper threshold and lower threshold are determined, such that the hitfinder is able to fully integrate the hits and to find as many photoelectron signals in XENON1T’s first science run data as possible, while it triggers as few as possible when there are no photons. The statistical method Bayesian inference is applied to set an upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section using the first science run data. A Bayesian upper limit is obtained that improves upon XENON1T’s published frequentist limit, for all WIMP masses. Nevertheless, the sensitive dependence of the upper limit on the non-objective choice for a specific prior makes Bayesian inference an unsuitable method for setting the upper limit for the XENON1T experiment.
PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHERS ABOUT COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCES OF THE FUTURE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS PERCEPCIONES DEL PROFESORADO SOBRE COMPETENCIAS COMUNICATIVAS DE FUTUROS MAESTROS DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA

The objective of this research was to know the perception of the university teachers about the communicative competence of the future teachers of Physical Education. It was used a duly validated questionnaire of 16 item, which was completed by 76 university teachers. The data obtained were subjected to statistical treatment via the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versión 19.0. The results show the importance that the university teachers give to the training in communicative competences of the teachers, as well as the lacks which they notice in the future teachers for the achievement of the teaching in the school. Rev.int.med.cienc. act. fís. deporte vol. X número X ISSN: 1577-0354 2
Efﬁcient Architecture Support for Region-Serializability-Based Consistency

Shared-memory systems provide strong, well-deﬁned semantics only for data-race-free executions. This paper proposes a new architecture design called ARC that provides strong, serializability-based semantics for all program executions, without restricting compiler or hardware optimizations. ARC employs a novel mechanism in which a core’s region executes largely in isolation from other cores; ARC checks the region’s consistency with the shared cache only at region end and private cache evictions. Unlike prior work that detects region conﬂicts, ARC does not serialize region commit, communicate with other cores to commit a core’s region, or piggyback on M(O)ESI cache coherence. An unoptimized design of ARC can incur high time and trafﬁc overhead by checking consistency and ensuring coherence conservatively; we introduce optimizations that soundly eliminate much of this work and reduce costs substantially. Our evaluation shows that the resulting design compares favorably, in terms of execution time and on-and off-chip trafﬁc, with prior work that provides the same consistency model or implements transactional memory. ARC’s novel mechanism avoids the high costs and scalability bottlenecks incurred by prior work’s mechanisms. ARC thus advances the state of the art in providing strong memory consistency.
Why Have Asia and Latin America Grown Differently? Labor Structural Transformation and Labor Productivity Growth

Asian and Latin American countries have experienced similar percentages of labor moving out of agriculture since 1950. However, this reallocation is associated with high long-term productivity growth in Asia but not in Latin America. This paper examines this stylized fact and explores how different drivers of reallocation contribute to longterm productivity gains. The results suggest that reallocation driven by productivity growth of the non-agricultural sector, i.e., labor pull effect, is the key feature of the countries experiencing large productivity gains from reallocation. Accordingly, labor pull is an indispensable driver of reallocation that results in significant long-term growth and income convergence.
Morphological, phylogenetic and pathogenicity characterisation of Fusariumspecies associated with wilt disease of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus)

Fusarium is a well-known soil-borne fungus where most species belonged in this genus is prominently phytopathogenic. Nevertheless, this pathogenic species has affected the production of pumpkin worldwide. This study underlines the morphological, phylogeny and pathogenicity characteristics of Fusarium for a better disease-control strategy. Twenty-six Fusarium isolates were collected from wilt infected pumpkin in various locations of Peninsular Malaysia. From the combinations of morphological and molecular identifications, four species were identified as F. oxysporum (2 isolates), F. solani (4 isolates), F. proliferatum (7 isolates) and F. incarnatum (13 isolates). Microscopic and macroscopic observation visualized distinct characteristics of the identified Fusarium species. Sequence analyses of tef1α and β-tub genes inferred by maximum likelihood tree resulted in distinct section-specific characteristics. Meanwhile, pathogenicity test of Fusarium isolates presented by the seed inoculation produced various degrees of severities. Fusarium solani C2526P recorded the highest severity of 93.8% after 30 days of post inoculation (dpi). Symptoms have been identified as early as 10 dpi producing stunted growth of the plants. On the other hand, Fusarium oxysporum D2532P recorded 85.3% disease severity. Pathogenic Fusarium caused stunted growth, chlorosis, wilting and necrosis especially at the root of pumpkin plants. This study provides valuable information and methods to manage wilt infected pumpkin in the future.
Prevalence and Impact of Low-Entropy Packing Schemes in the Malware Ecosystem

—An open research problem on malware analysis is how to statically distinguish between packed and non-packed executables. This has an impact on antivirus software and malware analysis systems, which may need to apply different heuristics or to resort to more costly code emulation solutions to deal with the presence of potential packing routines. It can also affect the results of many research studies in which the authors adopt algorithms that are speciﬁcally designed for packed or non-packed binaries. Therefore, a wrong answer to the question “is this executable packed? ” can make the difference between malware evasion and detection. It has long been known that packing and entropy are strongly correlated, often leading to the wrong assumption that a low entropy score implies that an executable is NOT packed. Exceptions to this rule exist, but they have always been considered as one-off cases, with a negligible impact on any large scale experiment. However, if such an assumption might have been acceptable in the past, our experiments show that this is not the case anymore as an increasing and remarkable number of packed malware samples implement proper schemes to keep their entropy low. In this paper, we empirically investigate and measure this problem by analyzing a dataset of 50K low-entropy Windows malware samples. Our tests show that, despite all samples have a low entropy value, over 30% of them adopt some form of runtime packing. We then extended our analysis beyond the pure entropy, by considering all static features that have been proposed so far to identify packed code. Again, our tests show that even a state of the art machine learning classiﬁer is unable to conclude whether a
Potential Application of Murraya koenigii Extract as Antibacterial Agent in Liquid Hand Soap Formulation

Here we present the efficacies of Murraya koenigii leaves extract as natural antibacterial agents bythe ability to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterialactivities of formulated liquid hand soap with different concentrations (10, 30 and 50 mg/mL) ofM. koenigii extracts were determined by paper disc diffusion method. M. koenigii leaves extract at10 mg/mL concentration had the ability to inhibit the growth of both test microorganisms. Whereas,for liquid hand soap formulated with 10, 30 and 50 mg/mL M. koenigii extracts, inhibition zoneswere observed on S. aureus assay plates but not on E. coli. Hence, the results suggested that liquidhand soap containing M. koenigii extract had therapeutic potentials to prevent spread of skindiseases caused by S. aureus.
An Approach to Defining the Identity of a Media Fan

This study is based on a sample of Spanish viewers of audiovisual fiction, seeking to understand behavior associated with fan identity. A quantitative method was used to explore the characteristics shared by viewers who define themselves as fans, as well as the existence of differences according to various sociodemographic variables. To that end, the Fan Identity Questionnaire was prepared and validated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirm four types of behavior associated to media fans that, together, can explain and define fan identity with respect to the consumption of media content in Spain: experience, knowledge, collecting, and viewing. The study also shows that those viewers who define themselves as fans obtain higher values in this scale. Taking media fans into account, no significant differences were found in the mean of the Fan Identity Questionnaire based on sex, age, occupation and education and, as a result, we are able to conclude that fan identity is found in the Spanish sample regardless of the above-mentioned sociodemographic characteristics.
[Endocrine changes and sexual dysfunction in kidney transplantation and hemodialysis: comparative study]

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to compare the hormonal changes and sexual activity between transplanted patients and patients in regular haemodialysis (HD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 130 patients, 98 RT carriers and 32 with CRF were evaluated with regard to the sexual function. The etiology of CRF is similar in both groups. All patients underwent hormonal determinations (FSH, LH, Prolactin, Testosterone, Oestradiol and PTH), complete serum testing and other diagnostic studies done selectively, 38 of 130 patients (14 in HD and 24 transplants) answered a personal questionnaire on sexual activity. RESULTS: Oestradiol and prolactin levels are higher in the HD group compared to transplanted patients (p < 0.05). 70% of RT patients maintain their libido versus 35% of those in dialysis (p < 0.01). The former group refers good erection in 55% cases versus 21% of dialysis patients (p < 0.01). Intercourse frequency and degree of overall satisfaction is higher in the RT group (N.S.). CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were found in FSH, LH and testosterone levels. The normality of FSH levels may be a reflection of the integrity of the germinal line. 65% HD patients refer decreased or absent libido, to which the higher levels of prolactin and oestradiol found could contribute. No relationship was found between sexual function with the type of immunosuppression or the graft function.
Evaluating the Use of the Asthma Action Plan and the Asthma Control Test by Providers in a Primary Care Office after Implementation into the Electronic Health Record

8 Executive Summary 10 Introduction and Background 12 Problem Statement 14 Evidence-Based Initiative 15 Current Asthma Guidelines and Expected Outcomes 16 Written Asthma Action Plan (AAP) 17 Asthma Control Test 25 Adoption and Acceptance of EHR Innovations 30 Potential Intervention for Practice Problem 32 Conceptual Models 32 Health Promotion Model 33 Stage Theory of Organizational Change 36 Need and Feasibility Assessment of the Organization 39 Project Implementation 44 Purpose of Project with Objectives 44 Type of Project 44
Breakfast Consumption Pattern, Diet Quality and Health Outcomes in Adults from 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey

This study was conducted to investigate breakfast consumption pattern in relation to diet quality and health outcomes of Korean adults. Data are from 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary information of 3406 adults aged years and their socio-demographic characteristics, blood lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements were analyzed. According to the breakfast consumption of the subjects, they were classified to breakfast skippers and eaters and the eaters' breakfast staple types were defined as RICE, BREAD, NOODLES, MIXED (mixed types including several grain-based dishes), and OTHERS. The proportions of breakfast consumption patterns were 18.4% for skippers, 71.1% for RICE, 2.6% for BREAD, 1.6% for NOODLES, 4.0% for MIXED, and 2.4% for OTHERS. Breakfast skippers had lower daily nutrients intake than breakfast eaters but their health outcomes did not differ from those of eaters. Instead, men with BREAD pattern had higher blood cholesterol and women in NOODLE pattern had higher blood glucose and lower HDL cholesterol. The BREAD pattern breakfast had higher energy contribution from fat and lower nutrient densities and the subjects in BREAD pattern had higher level of household income. Men's BREAD pattern breakfast consisted more animal products than that of women. There was high probability of undernutrition among women in NOODLE pattern and their mean household income was the lowest. From these results, in Korea, breakfast staple types have different food patterns and there was need for developing healthy food patterns appropriate to each staple type. The breakfast consumption pattern had influences on nutrient adequacy of the diet and health outcomes and seemed to represent socio-economic status. These could be used in doing nutrition education in community.