Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Low-Cost Passivation for Low Temperature Cu-Cu Bonding Using PVD-Deposited Cu3N

PVD-deposited Cu3N has been demonstrated for Cu-Cu bonding as a low-cost passivation material. Cu3N exhibits stability at room temperature but undergoes decomposition upon heating, making it an attractive candidate for Cu bonding passivation. XRD analysis reveals that the decomposition of PVD-deposited Cu3N primarily occurs within the temperature range of 200<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }\text{C}\sim 250^{\circ }\text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Cu3N-Cu3N bonding, relying on the decomposition reaction, is successfully demonstrated, and TEM analysis confirms the presence of Cu grains at the bonding interface. Moreover, Cu bonding using Cu3N passivation has been demonstrated as well. The bonding capability at low temperatures is found to be influenced by the thin film properties of Cu3N. For wafer level bonding, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> flow rate during Cu3N deposition requires careful adjustment to balance the anti-oxidation capability and the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> outgassing phenomenon. For chip level bonding, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> outgassing phenomenon poses no significant issue. By demonstrating the potential of Cu3N as a passivation material, this study suggests a promising method for achieving lower temperature requirements in Cu bonding through the adjustment of Cu3N thin film properties.
Prognostic relevance of tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes in residual tumor tissue from patients with triple‑negative breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Further adjuvant chemotherapy treatment can provide benefits to certain patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that fail to achieve pathological complete response (pCR) after the administration of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimen. However, biomarkers suitable for identifying patients likely to experience poor prognostic outcomes after undergoing additional adjuvant chemotherapy are currently lacking. Accordingly, the present meta-analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or TIL subtypes (CD4+ or CD8+) in residual tumor (RT) tissue following NAC and TNBC patient prognosis. Relevant studies published through March 2023 were identified in Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases. After excluding irrelevant studies, data were extracted from the remaining reports, while study quality was analyzed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Subsequent analyses were performed with Stata 14.0 and Review Manager 5.3. In total, seven relevant studies incorporating 1,202 patients were identified, all of which were retrospective cohort studies. Pooled analyses demonstrated that those patients exhibiting higher levels of RT TIL infiltration following NAC exhibited significantly improved recurrence-free, metastasis-free and event-free survival (RFS/MFS/EFS) compared with patients with lower RT TIL infiltration levels, together with an improved distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) [hazard ratio (HR)=0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.39–0.69; P<0.00001]. In addition, patients exhibiting high RT TIL infiltration exhibited improved overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS; HR=0.49; 95% CI=0.38–0.65; P<0.00001). Additional subgroup analyses revealed that patients with higher TIL infiltration levels or TIL subtype (CD4+ or CD8+) infiltration exhibited improved RFS/MFS/EFS/DRFI as compared with patients with lower levels of overall TIL or TIL subtype (CD4+ or CD8+) infiltration in RT tissue (HR=0.35, 95% CI=0.20–0.59, P<0.0001; HR=0.49, 95% CI=0.33–0.71, P=0.0002). Consistently, the OS/BCSS of patients exhibiting high levels of overall TIL or TIL subtype (CD4+ or CD8+) infiltration was increased compared with patients with lower levels of such infiltration (HR=0.33, 95% CI=0.19–0.59, P=0.0002; HR=0.55, 95% CI=0.41–0.76, P=0.0002). These data thus demonstrate that levels of overall TIL infiltration or infiltration by CD4+ or CD8+ TILs in RT following NAC can be used as a biomarker to reliably predict prognostic outcomes in patients with TNBC, in addition to highlighting possible targets that may guide the further immunotherapeutic management of these patients.
DEVELOPING 3D INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA TAKBULTA FOR THE SUB-THEME OF ?POTENTIAL SOURCES OF ENERGY IN INDONESIA?.

The availability of thematic, innovative, and interesting instructional media is deemed as a significant attempt for quality improvement on instructional activities in schools. In this current research, Takbulta (Kotak Timbul Bercerita – a telling embossed box) has been developed as instructional media for the sub-theme of “Potential Resources of Energy in Indonesia. ” The sub-theme is one of several themes learnt by the fourth graders. This research constituted Research and Development model (RD planning the educational product; developing the product's preliminary form; initial field testing; the first revision of main product; main field testing; operational product revision; operational field testing; and final product revision. The results of validation gained from the media expert, material expert, and instructional practitioner 1 and 2 respectively signified 94.2%, 83.3%, 94.2%, and 94.2%. With respect to the aforementioned results, it has been explicated that Takbulta is appropriate to use. Moreover, the implementation of the media on the instructional activities shows that Takbulta has resulted in higher level of the students‟ active participatory during the instructional activities
Fruit thinning of the apple cultivar Cox's Orange Pippin.

SummaryThinning by reducing the number of fruits carried by each spur led to the production of bigger fruit than either removing whole clusters from all over the tree or removing all the fruitlets from part of the tree. Ethephon applied at the balloon stage of flowering reduced the number of fruits and increased fruit size. Carbaryl was the most effective fruitlet thinner, applied when the average fruitlet diameter was between 9 and 13 mm.
What Role Does AI Chatbot Perform in the F&B Industry? Perspective from Loyalty and Value Co-Creation: Integrated PLS-SEM and ANN Techniques

Purpose: This study examines the process formation of customer loyalty and customer value co-creation towards AI chatbots by exploring the successive effects of perceived value aspects, perceived information quality, technological self-efficacy for online trust, aspects of loyalty, and value co-creation. Theorical framework: The increasingly strong reception of humans for a new wave of digitalization has promoted the need to learn about customer loyalty and customers' value co-creation formation for businesses applying AI chatbots to their operations business to attract and retain customers. The study utilized the perceived value dimension, as well as perceived information quality, technological self-efficacy, and online trust, to comprehend loyalty and value co-creation. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire survey with 447 participants, who had used Pizza Hut's AI chatbot service in Vietnam. The data was analyzed by integrating two techniques: partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Findings: The results show that aspects of perceived value, perceived information quality, and technological self-efficacy all have a significant impact on online trust except hedonic value, which in turn leads to the formation of aspects of loyalty and high ability to create value co-creation. The analysis results show that perceived information quality has a stronger impact on online trust than technological self-efficacy. In addition, the non-linear results from the ANN analysis show that attitudinal loyalty has relatively stronger importance for value co-creation than behavioral loyalty. Research, Practical & Social Implication: This study contributes to the emerging literature on the use of AI chatbots by investigating the possibility of consumers and providers co-creating value. Second, in this study, the authors delved into the internal aspects of loyalty and separated it into two primary aspects, behavioral and attitudinal, in order to clarify their impact on the factors that influence AI chatbot and value co-creation. In conclusion, this research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a more multidimensional perspective on theories. Originality/value: The integration of PLS-SEM and ANN techniques into the analysis to simultaneously explore both linear and non-linear mechanisms of this study explained the influence of aspects of perceived value, perceived information quality, and technological self-efficacy on aspects of loyalty and value co-creation via online trust in AI chatbots context. In addition, this study extends the perceived value to explore the impact of internal and external personal factors on AI chatbots.
Multiple Longitude Sector Storm‐Enhanced Density (SED) and Long‐Lasting Subauroral Polarization Stream (SAPS) During the 26–28 February 2023 Geomagnetic Storm

This paper conducts a multi‐instrument analysis and data assimilation study of midlatitude ionospheric disturbances over the European and North American longitude sectors during a strong geomagnetic storm on 26–28 February 2023. The study uses a set of ground‐based (GNSS receivers, ionosondes) observations, space‐borne (DMSP, GOLD) measurements, and a new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS). We observed a series of distinct storm‐time features with regard to storm‐enhanced density (SED) and subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) as follows: (a) Under multiple ring current intensifications, the storm‐time subauroral ionosphere produced long‐lasting duskside SAPS for ∼36 hr along with considerable dawnside SAPS for several hours. (b) Associated with long‐lived SAPS, strong SED occurred consecutively in the European longitude sector near local noon during a positive ionospheric storm and later in the North American longitude sector near local dusk during a negative ionospheric storm. (c) The 3‐D morphology of SED in multiple longitude sectors was reconstructed using TIDAS data assimilation technique with fine‐scale details, which revealed a narrow ionospheric plasma channel with electron density enhancement and layer uplift.
Psychology, stress, insomnia, and resilience of medical staff in China during the COVID-19 policy opening: a cross-sectional survey

Background Since 8 January 2023 China has liberalized its control of COVID-19. In a short period of time, the infection rate of COVID-19 in China has risen rapidly, which has brought a heavy burden to medical staff. This study aimed to investigate the psychological status, stress, insomnia, effort-reward imbalance, resilience, and influencing factors of medical staff in China during the period of epidemic policy liberalization. Methods This survey was conducted from 6 February to 27 March 2023 with non-random sampling. An online questionnaire survey was conducted using HADS, PSS-14, ISI, ERI, and the resilience assessment scale for medical staff. The levels of psychological, stress, insomnia, effort-reward imbalance, and resilience of medical staff during the pandemic policy opening period were measured. Results A total of 2,038 valid questionnaires were collected. 68.5% and 53.9% of medical staff had different degrees of anxiety and depression, respectively. Excessive stress, insomnia, and high effort and low reward were 40.2%, 43.2%, and 14.2%, respectively. Gender, Profession, education level, and age are important factors that lead to anxiety and depression. Women, nurses, higher education, longer working years and hours, high effort, and low reward are risk factors for the above conditions. There was a certain correlation among the five scales, among which anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, effort-reward imbalance, and other factors were positively correlated, while resilience was negatively correlated with these factors. Conclusion This study found that anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, and other psychological problems of medical staff in China during the policy opening period of COVID-19 were more serious than before. At the individual and organizational levels, it is necessary to improve the well-being of medical staff, optimize the allocation of human resources, and promote the mental health of medical staff with a focus on prevention and mitigation, with the entry point of improving resilience and preventing the effort-reward imbalance.
EXPOSURES AND RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ACTIVITIES AND BEHAVIORS IN SWIMMING POOL ENVIRONMENTS

Enteric pathogens in pool water can be unintentionally ingested during swimming, increasing the risk of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness. Swimmer activities and behaviors influence pool water ingestion rates, and can be quantified for use in risk assessment. Enteric infection risk estimates help identify data gaps, areas to focus resources, and research needs. Primary objectives of this study were to develop electronic, selfadministered “exposure” and “pool operations” questionnaires; to gather swimmer behavior and activity data for use in risk assessment; and to estimate Cryptosporidium parvum infection risk in swimmers. Results were used to identify data gaps and future research needs relative to treated recreational water. To achieve these objectives, 126 swimmers were recruited at four pool sites in Tucson, Arizona, video-taped, and asked to complete a post-swim questionnaire. Forty-six of the 126 swimmers submitted a 24 hr post-swim urine sample for quantifying pool water ingestion. Head submersion frequency and duration and splashes to the face were observed and quantified in video analysis, and activities and behaviors were reported on the exposure questionnaire. Variable data were analyzed for associations with pool water ingestion estimated by urinalysis. Results indicate questionnaires can be self-administered electronically; the exposure questionnaire can be used to estimate ingestion magnitude in place of urinalysis; leisure swimming activities (diving, playing, splashing, wading, sitting) and frequency of face splashes are ingestion exposure factors; and that Cryptosporidium infection risk is greatest among leisure swimmers. Other activities observed and suspected of having associations with ingestion were short submersion durations (<1 sec), and spitting and
Development of an Entrepreneurial Start-Up Ecosystem: Socio-Economic and Legal Factors Influencing the Achievement of ESG Principles (Case of Asian Countries)

Objetivo: O artigo visa determinar áreas prioritárias para a criação de um ecossistema de inovação confiável com base nos princípios da inovação aberta para aumentar a atividade inovadora das empresas, especialmente em regiões em desenvolvimento (por exemplo, Cazaquistão). Métodos: Selecionamos cinco países da região asiática para o estudo do ecossistema de startups. O estudo incluiu uma avaliação comparativa de indicadores de desenvolvimento de ecossistemas de inovação em cinco países asiáticos (Coréia do Sul, Japão, Índia, China e Cazaquistão); análise de correlação e regressão refletindo a dependência e influência dos ecossistemas na atividade de inovação. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos indicam uma relação direta e forte entre o nível de atividade de inovação e o desenvolvimento qualitativo do ecossistema. Existe um alto grau de correlação entre o nível de atividade inovativa, os elementos de desenvolvimento quantitativo e o ambiente de negócios. O estudo demonstra que os pacurreíses com um ecossistema de startups bem desenvolvido são caracterizados por uma maior atividade de inovação e os melhores indicadores de desenvolvimento de inovação. Ao mesmo tempo, os países que formam um ecossistema de negócios, incluindo a República do Cazaquistão, mostram indicadores relativamente fracos de desenvolvimento da inovação em comparação com outros países. Sugestões: Os resultados acima mencionados permitem aos autores identificar um conjunto de medidas prioritárias e fortalecer e promover o desenvolvimento efetivo de ecossistemas inovadores de startups.
Progress in Regenerative Medicine: Exploring Autologous Platelet Concentrates and Their Clinical Applications

The goal of regenerative medicine is to achieve tissue regeneration. In the past, commonly used techniques included autologous or allogeneic transplantation and stem cell therapy, which have limitations, such as a lack of donor sites in the case of autologous transplantation and the invasiveness of stem cell harvesting. In recent years, research has, therefore, focused on new and less invasive strategies to achieve tissue regeneration. A step forward in this direction has been made with the development of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs), which are derived from the patient’s own blood. They can be classified into three generations: platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGFs). These APCs have different structural characteristics, depending on the distinctive preparation method, and contain platelets, leukocytes, and multiple growth factors, including those most involved in regenerative processes. The purpose of this review is to clarify the most used techniques in the field of regenerative medicine in recent years, comparing the different types of APCs and analyzing the preparation protocols, the composition of the growth factors, the level of characterization achieved, and their clinical applications to date.
UNDERSTANDING TRIP CHAINING. CHAPTER 1, VOLUME III SPECIAL REPORTS ON TRIP AND VEHICLE ATTRIBUTES - IN: 1990 NPTS SPECIAL REPORTS

Person trips are a basic unit of measurement in the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS). The "trip" element in this measure is defined as one-way travel from one place (address) to another by any means of transportation, while the "person" element identifies the subject. Analyzing trip chaining (combining trips) activity may lead to better understanding of travel behavior and provide a more appropriate framework for examining some transportation policy issues. This next section of this paper defines the trip chaining typology employed in the report, and describes the procedure used to generate trip chains from person trips in the NPTS. Then trip chaining patterns distinguished by travel purpose, geographic, socio-economic and demographic factors are presented. The bias associated with equating work trips with work commutes is also estimated. The report concludes with a discussion of research needs and opportunities.
Investigating secondary school mathematics teachers’ knowledge, preparation and use of assessment rubrics in teaching and learning 3D-geometry in Tanzania

This study investigated mathematics teachers’ knowledge, preparation, and use of assessment rubrics for teaching and learning 3D-geometry at selected secondary schools in the Dodoma region of Tanzania. The study was motivated by teachers' limited understanding of classroom assessment. The study was based on the premise that the existing assessment practices used by teachers in assessment of teaching and learning of mathematics are inadequate. A mixed research method was applied in this investigation. There were 51 mathematics teachers who participated and were purposively selected from 20 secondary schools. The data were collected through documentary reviews, classroom observations, questionnaires, and interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, while quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages. The study revealed that teachers have limited knowledge of assessment rubrics; hence, most do not prepare or use rubrics for assessing students. The use of rubrics could assist teachers to spot-out the specific point at which a particular learner has encountered learning obstacle, this could assist in making quick and pertinent teaching and learning adjustments to increase the effectiveness of teaching and learning. Through teachers’ professional development, the study recommends improving mathematics teachers' knowledge of planning and using assessment rubrics to improve 3D-geometry teaching and learning.
Choose Wisely: An Extensive Evaluation of Model Selection for Anomaly Detection in Time Series

Anomaly detection is a fundamental task for time-series analytics with important implications for the downstream performance of many applications. Despite increasing academic interest and the large number of methods proposed in the literature, recent benchmark and evaluation studies demonstrated that no overall best anomaly detection methods exist when applied to very heterogeneous time series datasets. Therefore, the only scalable and viable solution to solve anomaly detection over very different time series collected from diverse domains is to propose a model selection method that will select, based on time series characteristics, the best anomaly detection method to run. Existing AutoML solutions are, unfortunately, not directly applicable to time series anomaly detection, and no evaluation of time series-based approaches for model selection exists. Towards that direction, this paper studies the performance of time series classification methods used as model selection for anomaly detection. Overall, we compare 17 different classifiers over 1800 time series, and we propose the first extensive experimental evaluation of time series classification as model selection for anomaly detection. Our results demonstrate that model selection methods outperform every single anomaly detection method while being in the same order of magnitude regarding execution time. This evaluation is the first step to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of time series classification algorithms for anomaly detection, and represents a strong baseline that can then be used to guide the model selection step in general AutoML pipelines.