Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Fiscal Theory of Sovereign Risk from a DSGE

In this paper, we revisit Uribe’s[24] ‘Fiscal Theory of Sovereign Risk’ suggesting a trade-off between stabilizing inflation and suppressing default. We develop a class of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with nominal rigidities and compare two de facto inflationstabilization policies; namely, optimal monetary policy and optimal monetary and fiscal policy with an interest rate spread-minimizing policy that completely suppresses default. Under the optimal monetary and fiscal policy, not only the nominal interest rate but also the tax rate works to minimize welfare costs through stabilizing inflation. Under the optimal monetary and the interest rate spread-minimizing policies, only the nominal interest rate is available as a policy instrument. Under the optimal monetary and fiscal policy, both inflation and the output gap completely stabilize, although these fluctuate under the optimal monetary policy. In addition, the volatility of the default rate under the optimal monetary and fiscal policy is considerably lower than under the optimal monetary policy. Thus, there is not necessarily a trade-off between stabilizing inflation and suppressing default. While the optimal monetary and fiscal policy stabilizes both inflation and default, the interest rate spread-minimizing policy makes the inflation rate volatile. However, inflation is not especially volatile when prices are sufficiently sticky. Thus, the trade-off between stabilizing inflation and suppressing default is then not as severe as that suggested by Uribe[24], even when there is a trade-off. In sum, our results are: 1) there is not necessarily a trade-off between stabilizing inflation and suppressing default, and 2) the trade-off between stabilizing inflation and suppressing default is not as severe as Uribe[24] suggests. As policy implications, we argue: 1) we can practically solve the trade-off between stabilizing inflation and suppressing default by adopting optimal monetary and fiscal policy, and 2) the interest rate spread-minimizing policy does not represent an inferior policy from the viewpoint of dissolving the trade-off between stabilizing inflation and suppressing default if price stickiness is sufficiently high.
Recent invasion of Ponto-Caspian amphipods in the Masurian Lakeland associated with human leisure activities

Non-indigenous species (NIS) contribute to the decrease of native species’ diversity on a local and global scale. One of Europe’s most significant donors of freshwater invasions is the Ponto-Caspian Region. Following the construction of artificial canals connecting isolated waterbodies and the resulting heavy boat traffic, the Ponto-Caspian Amphipoda started to spread in Europe. Four amphipod species: Dikerogammarus haemobaphes, Dikerogammarus villosus, Pontogammarus robustoides and Chaetogammarus ischnus have invaded the Masurian Lakeland (North-eastern Poland). Based on literature and our data, we studied their distribution in 22 lakes in the region during the years 2001–2016. We analysed their distribution against several water quality parameters and levels of anthropogenic pressure. Our results also present the first records of two new invaders, D. villosus and C. ischnus, in the studied area. We show that the relative abundance and frequency of these two species rapidly increase and, simultaneously, the populations of the earlier invaders, i.e. D. haemobaphes and P. robustoides, decrease. The native species – Gammarus lacustris – seems to be negatively affected by NIS richness, as well as by the proximity of towns. The spread of NIS in the lakes appears to be facilitated by boating and the lower complexity of the shoreline. Our study shows how anthropogenic pressure, especially tourism, can facilitate bioinvasion, jeopardising native biodiversity unless appropriate regulations are implemented.
Enhancement of nutraceutical components of mushroom by uv exposure and extension of their shelf-life using edible coating material adopting online assessment of keeping quality by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique

To enhance the nutraceutical value and preservation of mushrooms, this study focused on augmenting two widely consumed mushroom varieties in India namely the Button Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Oyster Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). These mushrooms were subjected to UV light exposure to evaluate their impact on phytochemical content, including phenolics, flavonoids, folic acid, and Vitamin D2. The percent increase in phenolic content after 120 minutes of UV treatment was 0.6-fold for Agaricus bisporus and 0.7-fold for Pleurotus ostreatus. Notably, A. bisporus exhibited a particularly high phenolic content of up to 13.5 mg per gram dry weight of mushroom after 120 minutes of UV exposure, in contrast to P. ostreatus, which displayed 8.7 mg per gram dry weight of mushroom under the same conditions. This study also revealed a threefold increase in flavonoid content in Pleurotus ostreatus, rising from 1.2 mg of quercetin/g in the control to 4.1 mg of quercetin/g after UV exposure for 120 minutes. Conversely, a sevenfold increase in quercetin content was observed in Agaricus bisporus, surging from 0.45 g (control) to 3.2 g following 120 minutes of UV exposure. The exposure of UV light for 60 minutes resulted in the highest absorbance of vitamin D2 at 0.81 OD in Pleorotus osteatus compared to 0.46 in Agaricus bisporus. Additionally, applying agar or gelatine coatings led to a shelf-life extension of up to 14 days under standard storage conditions. The use of MRI for quality determination of mushrooms by evaluating the lipid profile in the samples was reported for the first time. This study has shown a significant enhancement of nutraceutical components of mushrooms with special reference to phenolics, flavonoids, folic acid, and vitamin D2 for value addition, with a simple intervention of UV treatment. Moreover, the shelf life of mushrooms could be enhanced by agar and gelatin coating thereby extending the keeping quality. The use of MRI for evaluating the quality of mushrooms has also been the hallmark of this study. The practical utility of all the above findings has immense industrial application in the large-scale production of highly nutritive mushrooms.
“It’s Not That We Care Less”: Insights into Health Care Utilization for Comorbid Diabetes and Depression among Latinos

Despite robust knowledge regarding the socio-economic and cultural factors affecting Latino* access to healthcare, limited research has explored service utilization in the context of comorbid conditions like diabetes and depression. This qualitative study, embedded in a larger mixed-methods project, aimed to investigate perceptions held by Latinos and their social support systems (i.e., family members) regarding comorbid diabetes and depression and to identify barriers and facilitators to their help-seeking behaviors and treatment engagement. Bilingual and bicultural researchers conducted eight focus groups with 94 participants in a large U.S. metropolitan area and were primarily conducted in Spanish. The participants either had a diagnosis of diabetes and depression or were closely associated with someone who did. This study identified key individual and structural barriers and facilitators affecting healthcare access and treatment for Latinos living with comorbid diagnoses. A thematic analysis revealed structural barriers to healthcare access, including financial burdens and navigating healthcare institutions. Personal barriers included fears, personal responsibility, and negative family dynamics. Facilitators included accessible information, family support, and spirituality. These findings underscore the need to address these multi-level factors and for healthcare institutions and providers to actively involve Hispanic community members in developing services and interventions.
Promoting Physical and Mental Health among Children and Adolescents via Gamification—A Conceptual Systematic Review

The rapid growth in digital technology usage among children and adolescents has highlighted the need for novel approaches to promote their physical and mental health. This paper investigates the viability of gamification—the application of game mechanics to non-gaming contexts—as a potent instrument for health promotion and mental health support. This conceptual systematic review seeks to examine the various published articles promoting children and adolescents’ physical and mental health through gamified techniques. These interventions can provide an interactive and engaging platform for encouraging physical activity, promoting healthy nutrition, enhancing emotional regulation, and promoting mental health. The significance of this topic stems from the pervasive use of electronic games, beginning at a young age, which makes them popular educational tools. For the review to be systematic and reproducible, the PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed, and Elsevier databases were searched and the PRISMA method was utilized for the analysis. After analyzing the research data, empirical studies assessing the use of gamification in promoting adolescents’ physical and mental health are discussed. In conclusion, gamification has demonstrated promise for promoting children’s and adolescents’ physical and mental health. It improves motivation, commitment, and adherence to healthy behaviors. However, additional research is required to evaluate gamification interventions’ long-term effectiveness and sustainability in promoting health behaviors among this population.
The Association between Abstinence Period and Semen Parameters in Humans: Results in Normal Samples and Different Sperm Pathology

Background: The impact of sexual abstinence on sperm quality, particularly in pathological cases, is a subject of debate. We investigated the link between abstinence duration and semen quality in both normal and pathological samples. Methods: We analyzed semen samples from 4423 men undergoing fertility evaluation, comprising 1256 samples from healthy individuals and 3167 from those with conditions such as oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, or a combination of these factors, namely oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). Parameters including sperm concentration, the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa, total motile sperm count, and the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology were assessed at various abstinence durations (each day, 0–2, 3–7, and >7 days). Results: Extended abstinence correlated with higher sperm concentration overall (p < 0.001), except in oligozoospermia. Longer abstinence reduced progressive motility in normal (p < 0.001) and teratozoospermic samples (p < 0.001). Shorter abstinence was linked to higher morphologically normal sperm in normal samples (p = 0.03), while longer abstinence did so in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic samples (p = 0.013). Conclusion: The findings suggest that a prolonged abstinence time is linked to higher sperm concentration, while optimal sperm motility is observed after shorter abstinence periods. However, results regarding morphology remain inconclusive. Recommendations on abstinence duration should be tailored based on the specific parameter requiring the most significant improvement.
Ultra-deep origin of garnet peridotite from the North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure belt, Northern Tibetan Plateau, NW China

Abstract Exsolution textures are observed in garnet and olivine crystals found in an orogenic garnet peridotite massif in the North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHP) belt, northern Tibetan Plateau, NW China. Exsolutions in garnet consist of densely packed rods of rutile, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene. Exsolutions in olivine includes needles of ilmenite and Al-chromite. The occurrence of pyroxene exsolution lamellae in garnet crystals suggests that the precursor phase originally must have possessed excess Si, i.e., they were majoritic garnets that are stable only at very high pressures. The exsolution of ilmenite and Al-chromite needles from olivine is also consistent with the peridotite once being equilibrated at depths in excess of 200 km. Geotheromobarometric calculations using matrix minerals of the peridotite yield re-equilibrium conditions of T = 960-1040 °C and P = 5.0-6.5 GPa. These observations and inferences, together with other petrological data and field observations, allow us to conclude that the garnet peridotite in the North Qaidam UHP belt may represent mantle materials exhumed form depths of greater than 200 km.
On axisymmetric bluff body wakes: three-dimensional wake structures and transition criticality of the torus

Three bluff ring aspect ratios are studied numerically to elucidate the various three-dimensional transition modes previously predicted in the wakes of bluff rings by linear stability analysis. The transitions are modeled with respect to the Landau equation, and the criticality of the various transitions is determined from the coefficients of the Landau equation. The wake flow fields are simulated using a spectral-element scheme, incorporating a Fourier expansion of the twodimensional grids in the spanwise direction to evolve the three-dimensional wake flow. Linear Floquet stability analysis performed previously on the wakes of bluff rings has predicted numerous threedimensional transitions at various aspect ratios. Bluff rings with smaller aspect ratios (those approaching the sphere geometry) are predicted to undergo a regular three-dimensional transition (ie. steady to steady flow), followed by a Hopf bifurcation to an unsteady wake with increasing Reynolds number. Three transition modes have been identified in this aspect ratio range, referred to as Modes I, II and III respective to increasing aspect ratio. Plots visualizing the aforementioned transition modes are provided, and the transitions are modeled with the Landau equation, allowing the criticality of the various modes to be determined.
Temperature sensitivity of the mass balance of mountain glaciers and ice caps as a climatological characteristic

The temperature sensitivity of mass balance is calculaied for 61 glaciers and ice caps using a degreeday model. The model is first tuned by varying precipitation over the glacier, i.e. to calculate glacier precipitation, to match the modelled mass balance to the observed balance. In most cases, glacier precipitation is substantially higher than the regional precipitation taken from a gridded climatology. Temperature sensitivity of mass balance is then calculated by increasing temperature in the model by 1 oC fbr every month.Themassbalancetemperaturesensitivityisfromabout -0.1 to -1-. 2ma ldeg-lforthe6l glaciers and depends very much on the climatic regime. Low temperature sensitivity is fbund for glaciers with dry-cold climate and short melt season, and high sensitivity for warm-wet glaciers with longer melt season, corresponding to the classical conffast between continental and maritime climates. The sensitivity of mass balance lo a10 Vo increase in precipitation follows the same pattern as the temperature sensitivJty but is smaller and of opposite sign. Very large precipitation increases ( + 30 to 40 r/o) would therefore be needed to offset the effects on mass balance of a 1 'C temperature increase. The mass balance sensitivities found here agree well with those previously found by J. Oerlemans for l2 glaciers using an energy balance mode1. DIE TEMPERATURABHANGIGKEIT DER MASSENBILANZ VON GEB IRGSGLETSCHERN UND EISKAPPEN ALS KLIMATOLOGISCHER KENNWERT
Mediating effect of psychological needs satisfaction on the relationship between presence and academic motivation during online learning

Academic motivation is a prerequisite of human learning and development. There are direct and indirect predictors that address the problem of declining academic motivation of undergraduates during online learning. As lack of interaction has been cited as a central reason for reduced academic motivation in online learning, this study examined the association between presences (cognitive, social, and teaching) and academic motivation. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found psychological needs satisfaction to be related to autonomous motivation and indicators of wellbeing. As such, this study examined the mediating role of psychological needs satisfaction on the relationship between presences and academic motivation during online learning among undergraduates in Malaysia. Two hundred and fifty students from private universities across the country were recruited via convenience sampling. A correlational research design was employed and participants filled in a cross-sectional online survey. Results revealed that there are significant positive relationships between presences and autonomous academic motivation as well as presences and controlled academic motivation. There was also a significant negative relationship between presences and academic amotivation. Further, it was found that psychological needs satisfaction significantly mediated the relationships between presences and autonomous academic motivation as well as presences and academic amotivation. Psychological needs satisfaction, however, did not significantly mediate the relationship between presences and controlled academic motivation. These findings provide insights into addressing the problem of low academic motivation during online learning, in turn, aid university administration to address the higher rates of attrition in online learning.
Effect of shrub species during vegetation secondary succession on soil nutrient on the hilly-gullied loess region

【Objective】 This paper studied the change of soil nutrients during the process of shrub community forming vegetation secondary succession on the hilly-gullied loess region. 【Method】 The soil nutrient is detected in five shrub trees,namely Periploca sepium,Sophora davidii,Syringa pekinensis,Ostryopsis davidiana,Caragana intermedia and comparative Bothriochloa ischaemum community.We have evaluated comprehensively on soil nutrient index during the process of shrub community form and analyzed the linear correlation of soil nutrient factors. 【Result】 The results indicated that different shrub trees in early stage has different adaptability of soil nutrient in the order of C.intermedia(0.072)S.davidii(0.114)P.sepium(0.163)S.pekinensis(0.172)O.davidiana(0.292). Soil nutrient index of different shrub community in the order of O.davidiana(0.979)S.davidii(0.535)C.intermedia(0.457)S.pekinensis(0.341)P.sepium(0.333)B.ischaemum(0.145). In term of effect of different shrub tree the process of its community form on soil nutrient improved,its related to soil nutrient increasing amplitude of B.ischaemum community separately were O.davidiana(4.740 times),S.davidii(2.909 times),C.intermedia(2.661 times),P.sepium(1.169 times),S.pekinensis(1.168 times). Correlation analysis showed that soil nutrient factors were significantly correlated each other(P0.01),but didn't show significant correlation with total P and available P,as well as available K.Different shrub tree were differente in proper soil nutrients of plant ecesis and improvement of soil nutrients. 【Conclusion】Shrub community was better than herb community in soil nutrient.The process of vegetation secondary succession has an improved trend of soil nutrient.
A Review of Phycoremediation of Heavy Metals in Industrial Waste Water

Environmental Pollutants such as heavy metals poised serious threat to biological systems. Heavy metals which could be natural or anthropogenic sourced are non-degradable pollutants and must be eliminated or reduced to certain quantity that is analytically presumed to be a safe limit before discharging into the environment to avoid injurious effects on biological systems. This review work showed the abilities of microalgae to biologically remove heavy metals from waste water through the process known as ‘Phycoremediation’. Phycoremediation of heavy metals with the help of microalgae takes place in two stages: Biosorption and Bioaccumulation. Microalgae such as Nannochloropsis oculata, Scenedesmus sp, Scenedesmus obtusus, Gracilaria corticata, Sarcodia suidae and Spirulina sp has been proven to phycoremediate; Pb, Cr, Hg, As, Cd, and Cu respectively. Therefore, this review work has shown that the microalgae are efficient biological vectors for heavy metal uptake.
Experimental Characterization of RF-SQUIDs Based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier Exploiting Resonant Phase Matching Scheme

This study presents recent advancements in Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPAs) developed and tested at Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica within the Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS project framework. Combining Josephson junctions with superconducting coplanar waveguides, JTWPAs offer advanced capabilities for quantum-limited broadband microwave amplification and the emission of non-classical microwave radiation. The work delves into the architecture, optimization, and experimental characterization of a JTWPA with a Resonant Phase-Matching mechanism, highlighting signal gains and idler conversion factors in relation to pump power and signal frequency.
Effects of interdecadal climate variability on the oceanic ecosystems of the northeast Pacific Ocean [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): It is increasingly apparent that a major reorganization of the Northeast Pacific biota transpired following a climatic "regime shift" in the mid-1970s. In this paper, we characterize the effects of interdecadal climate forcing on the oceanic ecosystems of the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
New insights into the Cenozoic lateral extrusion of crustal blocks on the southeastern edge of Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from paleomagnetic results from Paleogene sedimentary strata of the Baoshan Terrane

In order to characterize the lateral extrusion of crustal material during the Cenozoic, we conducted a paleomagnetic study of the Eocene‐Oligocene Zhushan Formation and Paleocene Muguahe Formation in the central part of the Baoshan Terrane (BST), on the southeastern edge of Tibetan Plateau. A primary magnetic component and a remagentized component with the Miocene acquisition age were isolated from the Muguahe Formation and Zhushan Formation, respectively. These data indicate that the BST did not commence clockwise rotation in the period of the Paleocene and the Oligocene and that the BST experienced ~80° clockwise rotation relative to East Asia, since the Miocene. Combining with the documented history of crustal boundary strike‐slip faults on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau shows that the BST and Tengchong Terrane (TCT) first underwent latitudinal crustal shortening in the Oligocene, and the eastward extension was the main type of motion of the crustal material during this period, which induced the initial strike‐slip movement of their boundary faults. Since the Miocene, the main form of crustal motion of BST, TCT, and Simao Terrane was gradually transformed into clockwise rotation, which possibly indicates that the fold and thrusting fault system‐induced crustal shortening and thickening in the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau have reached extremity, and the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau has already been uplifted to the similar elevation with today's elevation in the Miocene.