Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic susceptibility of Atopobium vaginae Antibiotic susceptibility of Atopobium vaginae

Background: Previous studies have indicated that a recently described anaerobic bacterium, Atopobium vaginae is associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Thus far the four isolates of this fastidious micro-organism were found to be highly resistant to metronidazole and susceptible for clindamycin, two antibiotics preferred for the treatment of BV. Methods: Nine strains of Atopobium vaginae , four strains of Gardnerella vaginalis , two strains of Lactobacillus iners and one strain each of Bifidobacterium breve , B. longum, L. crispatus, L. gasseri and L. jensenii were tested against 15 antimicrobial agents using the Etest. Results: All nine strains of A. vaginae were highly resistant to nalidixic acid and colistin while being inhibited by low concentrations of clindamycin (range: < 0.016 µ g/ml), rifampicin (< 0.002 µ g/ml), azithromycin (< 0.016 – 0.32 µ g/ml), penicillin (0.008 – 0.25 µ g/ml), ampicillin (< 0.016 – 0.94 µ g/ ml), ciprofloxacin (0.023 – 0.25 µ g/ml) and linezolid (0.016 – 0.125 µ g/ml). We found a variable susceptibility for metronidazole, ranging from 2 to more than 256 µ g/ml. The four G. vaginalis strains were also susceptible for clindamycin (< 0.016 – 0.047 µ g/ml) and three strains were susceptible to less than 1 µ g/ml of metronidazole. All lactobacilli were resistant to metronidazole (> 256 µ g/ml) but susceptible to clindamycin (0.023 – 0.125 µ g/ml). Conclusion: Clindamycin has higher activity against G. vaginalis and vaginae than metronidazole, but not all A. vaginae isolates are metronidazole resistant, as seemed to be a straightforward conclusion from previous studies on a more limited number of strains.
Comparison of Peptidic and Nonpeptidic (cid:1) -Opioid Agonists on Guanosine 5 (cid:1) - O -(3-[ 35 S]thio)triphosphate ([ 35 S]GTP (cid:2) S) Binding in Brain Slices from Sprague-Dawley Rats

Previous studies have demonstrated that peptidic and nonpep- tidic (cid:1) -opioid receptor agonists have different effects depending on the measure. For example, nonpeptidic (cid:1) -opioid agonists, but not peptidic agonists, produce convulsions in rats, and in vitro studies suggested that peptidic and nonpeptidic (cid:1) -opioid agonists might have differential mechanisms of receptor down- regulation. The present study evaluated potential differences between peptidic and nonpeptidic (cid:1) -opioid agonists in their ability to activate G proteins using guanosine 5 (cid:1) - O -(3-[ 35 S]thio)triphos-phate ([ 35 S]GTP (cid:2) S) autoradiography experiments in rat brain slices. The peptidic agonist [ D -Pen 2 , D -Pen 5 ]-enkephalin and the nonpeptidic agonist ( (cid:2) )BW373U86 [( (cid:2)
National Trends in Heart Failure Hospitalization After Acute Myocardial Infarction for Medicare Beneficiaries Heart

AMI declined modestly from 16.1 per 100 person-years in 1998 to 14.2 per 100 person years in 2010 ( P <0.001). After adjusting for demographic factors, a relative 14.6% decline for HF hospitalizations after AMI was observed over the study period (incidence risk ratio, 0.854; 95% confidence interval, 0.809–0.901). Unadjusted 1-year mortality following HF hospitalization after AMI was 44.4% in 1998, which decreased to 43.2% in 2004 to 2005, but then increased to 45.5% by 2010. After adjusting for demographic factors and clinical comorbidities, this represented a 2.4% relative annual decline (hazard ratio, 0.976; 95% confidence interval, 0.974–0.978) from 1998 to 2007, but a 5.1% relative annual increase from 2007 to 2010 (hazard ratio, 1.051; 95% confidence interval, 1.039–1.064). variable for calendar year were constructed to evaluate how the incident risk ratio for HF hospitalization after AMI changed for a given calendar year compared with the baseline year of 1998; in these models age and sex were aggregated to the year-level. For the mortality analysis, we considered the admission date of the HF hospitalization after AMI as the initial time zero to calculate the proportion of patients who died within 1 year. Mortality was reported in terms of proportion of patients who died within 30, 90, or 180 days or 1 year. Trends in unadjusted HF mortality after AMI were assessed using regression models with a continuous variable of cohort year. We then constructed Cox proportional hazards models to examine changes in mortality after HF following AMI, adjusting for demographics and comorbid conditions. These models included dummy indicator vari-ables that represented how the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality changed for a given calendar year compared with the baseline year of 1998. Analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Significance level was considered to be P <0.01 using 2-sided tests. Institutional Review Board review and approval was obtained through the Yale University Human Investigation Committee. Medicare claims data were provided through a data use agreement with CMS.
Lipid Trafﬁcking between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Plastid in Arabidopsis Requires the Extraplastidic TGD4 Protein

The development of chloroplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana requires extensive lipid trafﬁcking between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plastid. The biosynthetic enzymes for the ﬁnal steps of chloroplast lipid assembly are associated with the plastid envelope membranes. For example, during biosynthesis of the galactoglycerolipids predominant in photosynthetic membranes, galactosyltransferases associated with these membranes transfer galactosyl residues from UDP-Gal to diacylglycerol. In Arabidopsis , diacylglycerol can be derived from the ER or the plastid. Here, we describe a mutant of Arabidopsis , trigalactosyldiacylglycerol4 ( tgd4 ), in which ER-derived diacylglycerol is not available for galactoglycerolipid biosynthesis. This mutant accumulates diagnostic oligogalactoglycerolipids, hence its name, and triacylglycerol in its tissues. The TGD4 gene encodes a protein that appears to be associated with the ER membranes. Mutant ER microsomes show a decreased transfer of lipids to isolated plastids consistent with in vivo labeling data, indicating a disruption of ER-to-plastid lipid transfer. The complex lipid phenotype of the mutant is similar to that of the tgd1 , 2 , 3 mutants disrupted in components of a lipid transporter of the inner plastid envelope membrane. However, unlike the TGD1,2,3 complex, which is proposed to transfer phosphatidic acid through the inner envelope membrane, TGD4 appears to be part of the machinery mediating lipid transfer between the ER and the outer plastid envelope membrane. The extent of direct ER-to-plastid envelope contact sites is not altered in
University of Birmingham Metaphysical Causation

: There is a systematic and suggestive analogy between grounding and causation. In my view, this analogy is no coincidence. Grounding and causation are alike because grounding is a type of causation: metaphysical causation. In this paper I defend the identification of grounding with metaphysical causation, drawing on the causation literature to explore systematic connections between grounding and metaphysical dependence counterfactuals, and I outline a non-reductive counterfactual theory of grounding along interventionist lines. Independent Manipulability : It is metaphysically possible that every proper subset of the variables in [a causal model] be set to every combination of their possible values by independent interventions
Shifts of Intracellular pH Distribution as a Part of the Signal Mechanism Leading to the Elicitation of Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids 1 Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Cultured Cells

Cultured respond to a yeast elicitor preparation or Penicillium cyclopium spores with the production of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, which are potent phytoalexins. Confocal pH mapping with the probe car-boxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1-acetoxymethylester revealed characteristic shifts of the pH distribution in challenged cells: within a few minutes after elicitor contact a transient acidification of cytoplasmic and nuclear areas occurred in parallel with an increase of the vacuolar pH. The change of proton concentration in the vacuole and in the extravacuolar area showed a nearly constant relation, indicating an efflux of vacuolar protons into the cytosol. A 10-min treatment with 2 m M butyric or pivalic acid caused a transient acidification of the cytoplasm comparable to that observed after elicitor contact and also induced alkaloid biosynthesis. Experimental depletion of the vacuolar proton pool reversibly prevented both the elicitor-triggered pH shifts and the induction of alkaloid biosynthesis. pH shifts and induction of alkaloid biosynthesis showed a similar dependence on the elicitor concentration. Net efflux of K 1 , alkalinization of the outer medium, and browning of the cells were evoked only at higher elicitor concentrations. We suggest that transient acidification of the cytoplasm via efflux of vacuolar protons is both a necessary and sufficient step in the signal
Pain Location and Duration Impact Life Function Interference During the Year Following Motor Vehicle Collision

Persistent musculoskeletal pain is common after motor vehicle collision (MVC) and often results in substantial disability. The objective of this study was to identify distributions of post-MVC pain which most interfere with specific life functions and which have the greatest interference with aggregate life function. Study data were obtained from a prospective longitudinal multicenter emergency department-based cohort of 948 European Americans experiencing MVC. Overall pain (0–10 numeric rating scale (NRS)), pain in each of 20 body regions (0–10 NRS), and pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory, 0–10 NRS) were assessed 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after MVC. After adjustment for overall pain intensity, an axial distribution of pain caused the greatest interference with most specific life functions (R 2 = 0.15–0.28, association p-values <.001) and with overall function. Axial pain explained more than twice as much variance in pain interference as other pain distributions. However, not all patients with axial pain had neck pain. Moderate or severe low back pain was as common as neck pain at week 6 (prevalence 37% for each) and overlapped with neck pain in only 23% of patients. Further, pain across all body regions accounted for nearly twice as much of the variance in pain interference as neck pain alone (60% vs. 34%). These findings suggest that studies of post-MVC pain should not focus on neck pain alone.
16 Patterns and Predictors of the Course of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Little research has been conducted on the predictors of the long- term course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Steinert et al., 2015). The literature suggests that even though a substantial proportion of cases recover within a few months, at least one- third of cases persist for many years (Kessler et al., 1995; Breslau et al., 1998; Pietrzak et al., 2011; Chapman et al., 2012), and that chronic PTSD can lead to both second-ary disorders (Perkonigg et al., 2005) and suicidality (Tarrier & Gregg, 2004). To date, retrospective studies have focused on three predictors of PTSD recovery: trauma type characteristics, PTSD symptom severity, and history of comorbid mental disorders (Breslau et al., 1998; Pietrzak et al., 2011; Chapman al., 2012), while prospective naturalistic studies have identified socio- demographic factors and childhood adversities (CAs) as important predictors (Steinert et al., 2015). Previous studies based relatively small samples, making it impossible to inves-tigate fine- associations. We address this limi-tation by presenting data on patterns and predictors of PTSD recovery in a sample of 1,575 respondents with a history of PTSD in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys (Kessler & Üstün, 2008).
Running header: Epigenetic Changes in Hybrids

DNA methylation to the phenotype. Abstract 27 Genome-wide approaches to the study of hybrid vigor have identified epigenetic changes in 28 the hybrid nucleus in Arabidopsis, maize and rice. DNA methylation associated with 24nt 29 siRNAs exhibits trans-allelic effects in hybrids of Arabidopsis and other species. Some of the 30 trans-methylation changes are inherited and some affect gene expression. 31 Hybrids have larger leaves than those of the parents and have increases in cell size and 32 number. The increased leaf size results in a greater photosynthetic capacity which may 33 support the increased vegetative and reproductive yields of the F1 hybrids. 34 Genes and metabolic pathways which have altered expression relative to the parents 35 include loci involved in responses to hormones and to biotic and abiotic stress. While 36 epigenetically induced changes in gene expression may contribute to hybrid vigor the link 37 between the transcriptional changes and the hybrid phenotype is not confirmed. 38 Recurrent selection of high yielding F1 lines from the F2/F3 of a number of crops has ‘fixed’ 39 heterosis yields in pure breeding lines. These hybrid-like lines may have valuable 40 applications in crop systems.
Tidal distortion of a neutron star in the vicinity of a black hole

We will consider the scenario of the co-rotation of a fluid star (in specific, a neutron star) and a black hole. The neutron star (or primary) is assumed to have constant angular velocity. The tidal effects on the primary are investigated. First, the centrally condensed approximation is applied, where both bodies are considered as point sources. In the second treatment, the primary is treated as an incompressible and homogeneous fluid mass, which in addition to its own gravity is subject to centrifugal and Coriolis forces, derived from fluid motions. The black hole (or secondary) is treated as a rigid sphere and can be regarded as a point mass. The equilibrium figure is derived. The problem is then adapted to include vorticity and a pseudo-Newtonian potential. The coalescence of neutron star black hole binaries and their importance to gravitational wave detection is also discussed. keywords: tidal distortion binary stars neutron star black hole virial method Roche ellipsoid.
Workers Knowledge about First Aids of Emergency Accidents at Industrial Sector of Al-Najaf City in Iraq

Unintentional accidents and sudden illnesses are two of the most common causes of disability and death among workers, especially those under the age of forty . Using a simple random sample, twenty workers in the industrial workshops were randomly selected . A questionnaire consisting of two main groups was used. The result revealed that out of a total of 201 workshop workers included in the study, 59 (29.4%) of them had overall fair knowledge and 125 (62.2%) of the participating workers had poor knowledge, in addition to none having good knowledge. The results showed that only 17 (8.5%) of the workers had a positive attitude towards first aid. With regard to the relationship between the social and demographic data of the participants and their levels of knowledge, no an important correlation was not identified except for the monthly income, number of children and age, while with regard to workers’ attitudes towards first aid, residency in urban areas, years of experience, marital status, education level and receiving information about first aid showed significant correlation with their social relationships - demographic data.
ASSESSING IDEOLOGIES AND DISCURSIVE PRACTICES OF MONOLINGUAL AND MULTILINGUAL ENGLISH TEACHERS IN EFL CLASSROOM CONTEXT

This paper presents the findings from ethnographic research that assessed and evaluated teachers’ classroom ideologies to actual classroom discursive practices in an EFL classroom context. The research focused on areas of teachers’ classroom ideologies and their classroom questioning patterns. It investigates the factors that influenced convergence and divergences of the teachers’ actual practice than their ideologies. This study compared a set of multilingual and monolingual English teachers that are distinct in terms of their qualifications, experiences and language background. The findings indicate that both sets of teachers appear to have similar ideologies but do not apply it in the same way. The teachers’ ideologies are not always applied in their classroom practices for a variety of reasons: some are related to the context of teaching while others are due to differences in experiences and personal backgrounds of the teachers.
Does How Pre-College Engineering and Technology Role Models See Themselves Relate to Girls’ Engagement in the Fields? [Research To Practice]

Mary Isaac retired from General Electric in 2007 as a Customer Service Executive, after 30 years in various technical and commercial roles in GE’s energy business, serving electric utility customers such as Excel, Constellation Energy, and Entergy. She has a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Union College in N.Y. , an M.A.T. in technology education from North Carolina A&T State University in 2011, and Ph.D. in occupational and technical studies from Old Dominion University in 2015. Isaac’s consultancy, HEDGE Co., focuses on working with formal and informal educators to grow the numbers of females pursuing engineering or technology careers. Additionally, she is a conferred Fellow of the Society of Women Engineers.
Spectroscopic properties of Er-doped Y2O3 ceramic related to mid-IR laser transition

We have recently demonstrated efficient high power CW laser operation in Er doped Y2O3 at cryogenic temperature. The selection of laser host was based on the low-phonon nature of Y2O3, where the 4I11/2 →4I13/2 transition is highly radiative. Further increases in mid-IR power scaling and efficiency require in-depth study and analysis of basic spectroscopic properties of the 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 laser transition, such as laser emission cross- sections, fluorescence quantum efficiency, fluorescence branching ratios and inter-ionic interactions in a wide dopant-concentration and temperature range. In this work, we report the results of experimental measurements of quantum efficiency and branching ratio of the erbium initial laser state of 4I11/2 in Y2O3 ceramic at the temperature range of 10 - 300 K. A series of Er:Y2O3 samples with dopant concentration between 0.2-10 at. % were used for fluorescence and absorption measurements. The fluorescence from the energy states corresponding to the visible, IR, and mid-IR transitions were studied under shortpulsed diode laser excitation. Spectrally-narrowed fiber-coupled semiconductor laser modules emitting at ~ 808, 980, and 1530 nm with variable power density were used for fluorescence excitation of three different Er states. The energy transfer processes for both down- and up-conversion, affecting the Er:Y2O3 mid-IR laser operation, were analyzed. A comparison between the experimental and simulation results are presented as well.
DEVELOPMENT, EFFICACY AND COMPERATIVE ANALYSIS OF NOVEL CHICKPEA BASED READY-TO-USE THERAPEUTIC FOOD

The development of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF) using indigenous sources in under developing countries is highlgy required. In the present study, chickpea based RUTF was prepared, analyzed and evaluated for true digestibility (TD), net protein utilization (NPU), biological value (BV), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) in Sprague Dawley rats in comparison to peanut based Plumpy’nut and casein as standard. The proximate analysis of novel RUTF showed that it contains 97.9% dry matter, whereas crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract were 31.33%, 12.4%, 2.17% and 50.6%, respectively and was statistically similar to Plumpy’nut . The protein quality experiments showed that the TD of RUTF, Plumpy’nut and casein was 83.78, 86.98 and 93.16, NPU was 73.54, 77.42 and 86.58, BV was 87.77, 89.01 and 92.98, respectively, and these parameters of RUTF and Plumpy’nut were statistically similar to each other but lower than casein. The PER was statistically different for all treatments and was 1.92, 2.13 and 2.82 for RUTF, Plumpy’nut and casein, respectively. The FER of RUTF (0.228) was statistically higher than Plumpy’nut (0.193) but lower than casein (0.275). It can be concluded that novel indigenous source chickpea based RUTF is similar to Plumpy’nut with respect to nutritional value and protein quality.
REMARKS ON “EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS IN HADAMARD MANIFOLDS”

In 2012, Colao, Lopez, Marino, and Martin-Marquez [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 388 (2012) 61–77] developed an equilibrium theory in Hadamard manifolds. In this paper, we show that three of their key results (the KKM lemma, the Ky Fan type minimax inequality, and Nash equilibrium theorem) on Hadamard manifolds can be extended to hyperbolic spaces and are particular ones for abstract convex spaces in the sense of ours in [7,8]. Similarly, most of main theorems in the KKM theory on abstract convex spaces can be applied to hyperbolic spaces and Hadamard manifolds. 49J35,
Estrogens Cross-Talk to (cid:1) 1b -Adrenergic Receptors □ S

(cid:2) -Estradiol induced (cid:1) 1b -adrenergic receptor desensitization in U373 MG cells stably expressing (cid:1) 1b -adrenoceptors, as evi- denced by a reduction in the adrenergic-mediated Ca 2 (cid:1) mobilization; desensitization was associated with receptor phosphory- lation and internalization. These effects of (cid:2) -estradiol were rapid (taking place during 15 min) and were blocked by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (faslodex). Likewise, inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase [wortmannin and 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8- phenyl-4 H -1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002)] and of protein kinase C [staurosporine, 3-[1-[3-(amidinothio)propyl-1 H -indol-3- yl]-3-(1-methyl-1 H -indol-3-yl) maleimide (Ro31-8220), and rottlerin] blocked the desensitization and phosphorylation of (cid:1) 1b -adrenoceptors induced by estradiol. The formation of a complex was suggested by coimmunoprecipitation assays. The regulatory and catalytic subunits of phosphoinositide 3-ki- nase (p85 and p110) and protein kinase C (cid:3) were associated with (cid:1) 1b -adrenoceptors in the absence of stimulus, and such association further increased in a dynamic fashion in response to (cid:2) -estradiol. In cells cotransfected with the estrogen receptor (cid:1) and (cid:1) 1b -adrenoceptors, (cid:2) -estradiol induced phosphorylation, desensitization and internalization of the adrenergic receptors; pretreatment with ICI 182,780 inhibited these effects. Our data support the idea that estrogens modulate (cid:1) 1b -adrenergic action through estrogen receptor (cid:1) .
A Traffic Engineering proposal for ITU-T NGNs using Hybrid Genetic Algorithms

—Routing optimization is a key aspect to take into account when providing QoS in next generation networks (NGN), especially in access networks. The problem of weight setting with conventional link state routing protocols for routing optimization has been studied in order to adjust link’s utilization and it has been object of study by a few authors. Among different approaches, GAs have been devised as one of the most appealing methodologies to tackle this problem since it becomes NP-hard when applied to large networks. In particular, some authors have used hybrid GAs (memetic GAs) which incorporate local search procedures in order to optimize the GA results. This paper has proposed and implemented the integration of routing optimization using HGA with the ITU-T architecture for QoS resource control in Next Generation Networks (NGN). The implementation has been done over an IPv6 Linux testbed with OPSPv3 using the ITU-T proposed COPS-PR protocol for the policy delivery, in this case the weight setting delivery.