Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biologie d'ascochyta fabae speg et etude des relations hote-parasite en vue de l'appreciation de la resistance de la feverole a l'anthracnose

Les relations ascochyta fabae-vicia faba sont etudiees dans une optique de selection pour la resistance de la feverole a l'anthracnose. Les souches de populations naturelles du champignon sont caracterisees. La variabilite s'exprime au travers de criteres culturaux (morphologie, croissance, fructification in vitro) et par des variations de pouvoir pathogene. Neanmoins, des pathotypes ne peuvent etre definis etant donne la diversite des caracteres et l'instabilite meme des souches: les colonies presentent des secteurs variants et la descendance d'isolats monospores est heterogene. Par ailleurs, des lignees de feveroles presentant un bon niveau de resistance au champ et en serre sont mises en evidence et peuvent constituer des geniteurs de resistance (29 h, 972 bc. . . ). Du point de vue epidemiologie, la resistance se traduit par la capacite des plantes a limiter l'intensite des symptomes et a ralentir la progression du parasite. Les differents types de lesions (associes a la resistance ou a la sensibilite) sont caracterises et les alterations ou modifications cellulaires liees a l'infection sont precisees par des observations en microscopie electronique. Enfin, l'analyse d'un dispositif diallele compose de parents sensibles et resistants indique que l'aptitude generale a la combinaison est tres importante pour les caracteres de resistance etudies. L'heritabilite forte permet d'envisager l'emploi d'une methode de selection basee sur l'agc pour ameliorer la resistance a l'anthracnose
Chemical composition of different cultivars of onion (Allium cepa L.) produced in Iran.

Due to the lack of information on the chemical composition of onions in Iran, very important in the understanding of their nutritional values, the main objective of this work was to study the chemical composition to form an important data base for 16 cultivars of onion in Iran. The moisture, ash, crude fiber, total fat, protein, phosphorous, oxalate, and total phenolic (extracted by water and methanol) contents of the samples were analyzed. In addition, free radical scavenging capacity (RSC) of three onion cultivars (No. 5, 9, and 13) was determined. The mineral elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) of the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Carbohydrate analysis was carried out by HPLC and the predominant sugars were fructose (1.08-2.36 g/100 gdw), glucose (0.45-1.61 g/100 gdw) and sucrose (0.0-1.71 g/100 gdw). Ranges for the chemical composition were: moisture (86.3-91.5%), ash (0.379-0.756%), crude fiber (0.83-1.01 g/100 gdw), total fat (0.127-0.190 g/100 gdw), protein (0.913-1.925 g/100 gdw), oxalate (23.1-95.8 ㎎/100 gdw), total phenolic compounds 58.3-180.7 (water extract, ㎎ TAE/100 gfw), and 20.9-71.4 (methanol extract, ㎎TAE/100 gfw), K (127.4-327.9 m/100 gdw), Ca (12.2-22.9 ㎎/100 gdw), ㎎ (11.3-55.5 ㎎/100 gdw), Fe (0.338-1.220 ㎎/100 gdw), Cu (0.032-0.097 ㎎/100 gdw), Zn (0.126-0.274 ㎎/100 gdw), Mn (0.012-0.064 ㎎/100 gdw), and P (28.7-49.1 ㎎/100 gdw).
Molecular phylogeography reveals an antitropical distribution and local diversification of Solenogyne (Asteraceae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan and Australia

An antitropical distribution represents an intriguing disjunction, in which a given species or sister lineages occupy regions north and south of the tropics but are absent from the intervening areas. Solenogyne mikadoi endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago is regarded as an Australian element. Testing the phylogenetic relationship with Australian congeners and discussing the onset timing and causes of the disjunction would potentially enhance the understanding of antitropical distribution. A nuclear ribosomal DNA phylogeny was reconstructed using Bayesian and most parsimonious criteria with allied genera. Solenogyne was monophyletic and clustered with Lagenophora huegelii endemic to Australia, indicating the antitropical distribution and Australian origin of Solenogyne. Multispecies coalescent analysis based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA indicated the divergence of S. mikadoi and Australian congeners in the Plio-Pleistocene. Phylogenetic network analyses suggested that the ancestral lineage of S. mikadoi first colonized the southernmost island in the archipelago and then dispersed northward. The migration to the archipelago likely followed the flourishing of Solenogyne in open vegetation communities that radiated in south-eastern Australia during the late Pliocene. This disjunction might arise through long-distance dispersal across the tropics or, alternatively, through extinction in the tropics as a result of unsuitably high temperatures during climate oscillation and/or competitions from diverse tropical flora surviving since the early Tertiary.
Radioactivity - Risk Factor in Oral Health and of Structural Dental Anomalies

The dentition goes through a complex process of development, a process that can be influenced by internal and external factors. Our study was perfomed on a group of 1673 children from different areas in Bihor county. The uranium mining exploitation in this specific area is very popular, but with an unfortunate consequence: pollution. This factor has had a great impact upon the workers, but also the surrounding areas. The aim of the present epidemiological study is to evaluate the incidence of dental anomalies upon the targeted group and to identify the correlation between the impact of the pollution upon the development of the dentition. All the data was obtained during a clinical examination, documented and afterwards statistically analyzed. Our study concluded that the examined subjects presented with a high percentage of structural dental anomalies, with an average incidence in the polluted areas that can be explained by the interactions that occur and the influence of the radioactive substances upon the development.
Screening of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. isolates for tolerance and sensitiveness against commonly used fungicides.

Accepted : March, 2010 Stem rot of sunflower cause by Selerotium rolfsii occurred 30 to 40 days after sowing. Stems are usually infected at or near the soil line. A brownish lesion develops at the base of the stem and eventually girdles the plant. Later, the entire plant withers and dies. White cottony mycelium and mustard-seed-type sclerotial bodies are conspicuous on the affected stem near soil level. About 10 to 15 per cent plants have been reported to be affected, amounting to 20 per cent loss in yield, if the sunflower crop is planted in July or August or in February or March. The fungal contamination of seeds and grains during storage and the metabolites produced by them are of considerable importance in reducing the seed germination and sprouting (Jain and Patel, 1961). Stem rot diseases cause severe seedling mortality resulting in “patchy” crop stand and ultimately reduce the yields. Management of this disease is very difficult and uneconomical with chemical fungicides alone because of resistance development to chemical fungicides. For the management of this disease, farmers are using different fungicides as seed treatments before sowing but farmers are not getting satisfactory results as the pathogen developed fungicide resistance. Intensification and monocropping of
ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION AMONG SCHOOL TEACHERS: EXTENSION OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM)

In recent years, the Malaysian teachers market makes such a compelling and profitable demographic segment for online business. However, little research has attempted to examine the purchase attitude and behaviour of the teachers. Thus, using the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study aims to investigate the effect of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived reputation, perceived security and perceived privacy on teachers’ trust and consequently on teachers’ online purchase inte ntion. This study adopted quantitative approach. Data obtained from a sample of 150 teachers using a self-administered questionnaire, were analysed using Multiple Regression Analysis. The results reveal the perceived ease of use, perceived security and perceived privacy as significant predictors of online trust among teachers, and online trust positively affect the online purchase intention. The results provide empirical evidence on the role of additional constructs and applicability of the extended TAM. The results also offer valuable insights to marketers on how to better serve the huge market of teachers and induce them to purchase online.
Testing the Effect of Incentives on Effort Intensity Using Real-Effort Tasks

We identify seven factors researchers should consider when designing a real-effort task to capture effort intensity (i.e., an effort-intensive task): (1) intrinsic motivation; (2) task-specific skill; (3) task strategies beyond exerting effort; (4) fine unit of performance; (5) within-round task experience across participants; (6) performance trends over time; and (7) task difficulty across rounds. With these factors in mind, we design an experiment to test for incentive effects on effort and performance using three effort-intensive tasks: the decode task, the letter search task, and the slider task. Contrary to our expectation, we find significant variation across tasks in our ability to detect incentive effects and limit the effects of the seven factors above, with the strongest evidence coming from the slider task. Our list of factors helps researchers design effort-intensive tasks that allow them to conduct a more effective test of theory. At the same time, our results highlight the difficulty in effectively designing effort-intensive tasks.
Biomass and Nitrogen Budgets During Larval Development of Lymantria dispar and Choristoneura fumiferana: Allometric Relationships

Spruce budworm larvae grew faster than gypsy moth larvae both in a temporal and relative sense. The budworm larvae had a higher relative growth rate (RGR), biomass conversion efficiency (EGI), and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NOE) than the gypsy moth larvae. As both species matured, relative growth rates, rates of consumption, and conversion efficiencies declined. The differences between species and the decline in rates with maturation are, at least partially. allometric (related to body size). The relationship can be expressed by the equation y = aXb, where y is the rate of the process and X is the size of the animal. The importance of accounting for allometry when evaluating quantitative nutritional measurements is illustrated with budworm and gypsy moth.
Impact evaluation of goat production technologies in farmers’ flocks

A study was conducted to determine the impact of goat production technologies under farmers’ flocks under the transfer of technology programme in 4 adopted villages having sizable goat population. Operational villages were provided with goat production technologies viz. improved breeding bucks (6), reproductive and regular health care (preventive and curative), managemental practices and products technologies. Regular visits were undertaken in operational villages at fortnight intervals for 3 years. Data related to natural mating by institute’s Barbari bucks and Non - descript village bucks, pregnancy diagnosis, progeny born, reproductive parameters and gynaco-obstetrical disorders were collected on prescribed schedules. Goat farmers were also motivated to adopt improved goat production practices by arranging on and off campus trainings besides health camps and kishan gosthies at their door steps. Kidding rate was numerically higher in all village flocks sired by improved Barbari bucks and was statistically higher in village-Barka Nagla. Irrespective of villages, kidding rate in goats sired by Barbari buck was significantly higher to Non-descript buck. A visible improvement (12%) in terms of multiple births (twins and triplets) following introduction of improved Barbari breeding bucks was observed. A 2- fold increase in triplet births was also recorded. Introduction of Barbari bucks in these villages also upgraded the non descript goat population which fetched higher price in the market. Anoestrus and abortion were encountered as major reproductive disorders with a relative incidence of 35.14 and 15.32%, respectively. During and after kidding, retention of placenta (ROP) and insufficient dilatation of cervix (ring womb) were encountered as major obstetrical problems with an incidence of 12.61 and 10.81%, respectively. Reduction in occurrence of reproductive disorders over the years also indicated a favorable impact of goat reproduction and production technologies. Study indicated a viable impact of breed improvement after introducing superior Barbari breeding bucks and other goat production technologies in the terms of increased multiple births and overall kidding rates with reduction in occurrence of pre and post parturient disorders in progeny born out of Barbari bucks and goat population. Long term adoption of such practices will help in prevention of dilution of prolific Barbari breed in future.
Etude du rôle de MEIOB, SPATA22 et RPA au cours de la recombinaison homologue méiotique

La recombinaison homologue est un processus conserve chez les eucaryotes. Au cours de la meiose,ce mecanisme est essentiel a la formation des crossing-overs, eux-memes essentiels a la bonne segregation des chromosomes homologues. La recombinaison meiotique est assuree par l’action combinee de facteurs mitotiques et meiotiques. La proteine MEIOB a recemment ete identifiee et caracterisee comme etant essentielle a la reparation des cassures double brin de l’ADN au cours de la meiose. MEIOB est un paralogue de RPA1, la grande sous-unite du complexe RPA qui est un complexe de liaison a l’ADN simple brin ubiquitaire et compose de RPA1, RPA2 et RPA3. MEIOB peut interagir avec SPATA22 et RPA2. Cette observation suggere que MEIOB, SPATA22 et RPA pourraient agir ensemble au cours de la recombinaison meiotique. En se basant sur l’homologie de structure entre MEIOB, SPATA22 et les sous-unites de RPA, nous avons caracterise les modalites et le role de leur interaction. Nous avons montre que MEIOB et SPATA22 interagissent grâce a leur domaines OB-folds C-terminaux a l’image de RPA1 et RPA2 et que MEIOB et SPATA22 cooperent pour interagir avec le complexe RPA. Par microscopie electronique, nous avons mis en evidence que la presence de MEIOB-SPATA22 induit une forte condensation du filament RPA ADN simple brin. Nous avons egalement montre par immunofluorescence sur chromosomes meiotiques murins que l’helicase BLM accumule sur les axes chromosomiques et que cette accumulation est correlee avec l’elimination de la recombinase DMC1 des cassures meiotiques non-reparees, en absence de MEIOB. Enin, nous avons mis en evidence par microscopie a haute resolution que l’absence de MEIOB favorise une distribution anormale des proteines recombinases. Nos resultats suggerent que MEIOB, SPATA22 et RPA collaborent pour assurer l’integrite des intermediaires de recombinaison meiotiques au cours de l’invasion d’un brin homologue.
Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Pengetahuan dan Pemahaman Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi di Jakarta Selatan. Variabel independen yang digunakan untuk menguji tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi adalah kesadaran wajib pajak, pengetahuan dan pemahaman perpajakan. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah wajib pajak orang pribadi yang terdaftar berdasarkan SPT dan berdomisili di Jakarta Selatan.Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode proposional cluster random sampling, dimana sumber data merupakan data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebaran angket sebagai instrumen penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan SPPS versi 23 for windows.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Kesadaran wajib pajak memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi; 2) Pengetahuan dan pemahaman perpajakan memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi; 3) Secara bersama-sama kesadaran wajib pajak, pengetahuan dan pemahaman perpajakan memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi.
The Allelic and Polymorphism Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Gene (-308 G/A Genotype) in Some Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

This study aims to determine whether -308 G/A polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene (TNF-α), is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Iraqi population of TNF-a. This case-controlled study was performed including 42 RA patients (15 males, 27 females; mean age 55,67years; range 30 to 72 years) and 30 healthy controls (10 males, 20 females; mean age 52,8 years; range 30 to 70 years). We determined the frequency of -308 G/A TNF-a gene polymorphism by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (ARMS-PCR). Also, we determined the association of TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis in Iraqi patients. There wassignificant difference between genotype frequency of -308 G/A polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis. In RA patients, the genotype frequency of -308 G/Apolymorphism was GG (11.90%), GA (45.24%), and AA (42.86%). In the control group, the genotype frequency of -308 G/A polymorphism was GG (3.33%),GA (83.33%), and AA (13.33%). Statistical analysis showed significant association in the genotype frequency of this AA polymorphism in RA patients (p<0.009*), and GG genotype bot no significant (p=0.390). There was significant difference in genotype frequency of this GA polymorphism in control (p<0.001*). Our findings demonstrate that the TNF-α-308 G/A gene polymorphism may represent a significant risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis in Iraqi population and there is association between the TNF-α-308 G/A polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Endocrine control of T cell function and its implications for the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases

Insulin and GCs are two important endocrine regulators of mammalian body homeostasis and both impact on immune cell functions. Whereas GCs are in widespread use for the treatment of autoimmune diseases since the late 1950s, the influence of insulin is less well characterized. Nonetheless, it is undoubted that there is a link between insulin-responsiveness and immunity. Here we have shown that GCs exert a rapid effect on T cell morphology. We have identified GC-induced phosphorylation of the cytoskeleton associated ERM proteins as an important mechanism in this process, and found that it is accompanied by a loss of the polarized structure of effector T cells, a reduction in cell size and reduced capacity to conjugate with APCs. The effector T cells retract their lammellipodiae following GC treatment, which leads to impaired transmigration and presumably chemotaxis, as chemokine receptors are expressed in a polarized manner on the lammellipodiae. Additionally, we have found that this effect is dependent on the presence of the GR and on PLC activity. Furthermore we have challenged the hypothesis that insulin-responsiveness is required to allow proper T cell activation, differentiation and function. We took advantage of an inducible InsR kd to compare the functions and the survival of different T cell subsets in the presence or absence of the InsR. We could show, that the early phase of T cell activation is impaired in InsR deficient cells, whereas the InsR is dispensable during long-term activation and for overall survival. Whereas Treg cells were not affected by InsR inactivation, CD8+ T cells had a decreased lytic capacity compared to wildtype cells. So far we have no clear evidence whether the InsR also plays a role for immune responses in vivo. Collectively, endocrine control of T cell function is of considerable importance and could explain the involvement of hormones in chronic diseases and their treatment.
Serological Survey for Hepadnavirus in Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) at their ex-situ Habitats in Indonesia

The discovery of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among long-tailed macaques from Mauritus Island in 2013 is a new finding that showed HBV could infect non-human primate family Cercopithecidae . The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Hepadnavirus among Macaca fascicularis that are living outside of their natural habitat in Indonesia. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening test was performed on 95 plasma and serum samples collected from the different sources captivity, confiscated long-tailed macaques, and performance monkey. DNA detection was carried out on seropositive samples to HBsAg. Screening test showed that 11 of 95 (11.6%) samples were reactive to HBsAg. Prevalence of HBsAg is higher in confiscated animals and performance monkey (55%) compared with captive M. fascicularis (45%). However, no HBV DNA could be detected in HBsAg samples that were tested. HBsAg positive result indicate that the long-tailed macaques could be infected by hepatitis B virus naturally, although HBV DNA could not be detected in this study.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Maternal Cardiovascular Disease

Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP)—gestational hypertension and preeclampsia—have a two-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), compared to women with a history of normotensive pregnancies. However, much of the literature remains uncontrolled for important shared risk factors—including pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking, and family history. The trajectory of CVD risk factor development after pregnancy and the extent to which these risk factors mediate the HDP-CVD association remain unknown. Further, whether HDP improves CVD risk prediction in women has not been tested. We use observational data from a large, longitudinal cohort study to estimate associations of HDP with CVD risk factors and events and to evaluate the utility of incorporating HDP into a CVD risk score. In Chapter 1, we examine the association between HDP and CVD, adjusting for shared pre-pregnancy risk factors, and calculate the proportion mediated by CVD risk factors after pregnancy. We find that women with a hypertensive disorder in first pregnancy have a 1.5 -fold increased rate of myocardial infarction and stroke, compared to women with a normotensive first pregnancy; nearly 75% of this association is mediated by the development of chronic hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypercholesterolemia, and weight changes after pregnancy. In Chapter 2, we investigate the associations between HDP and chronic hypertension, T2DM, and hypercholesterolemia. We find that women with HDP in first pregnancy develop CVD risk factors earlier and have a 2-3-fold increased rate of chronic hypertension, 70% higher