Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary Behavior of Pregnant and Lactating Women of Bandarban Hill District, Bangladesh

Background: The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) is the least developed in all aspects of life and livelihoods in comparison with other parts of Bangladesh. People of this area suffer from extreme poverty due to different natural and man-made disasters resulting in increasing vulnerability, food insecurity and malnutrition, particularly for women, youth and children. In CHT, Bandarban district has a high proportion of people living in extreme poverty, combined with high rates of stunting, under-nutrition and food insecurity along with maternal under-nutrition, low birth weight, preterm birth, maternal anemia. The dietary behavior of the people living here is a major factor of these nutritional disasters. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the dietary behavior of selected pregnant/lactating women from different sub-districts of Bandarban hill district. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to December 2018 at Lama & Rowangchori sub-districts of Bandarban hill district with participation of 126 pregnant women and lactating mothers. For the study, those were selected who were in their early pregnancy or lactation stage by simple random sampling. Findings: The study findings show that 34% respondents consume 3 or less food groups, 29% respondents consume 4 food groups, 25% respondents consume 5 food groups, 7% respondents consume 6 food groups and 5% respondents consume 7 or more food groups. The study also found significant relationship among the dietary diversity with the respondent’s income, household size and the level of education of the respondents. Conclusion: As dietary behavior is a major factor to trigger good nutritional status, thus it can be concluded that awareness and nutrition education programme implementation in the Bandarban hill district area can help to achieve favorable dietary behavior of the pregnant and lactating women as well as good nutritional status.
IWV retrieval from ground GNSS receivers during NAWDEX

Abstract. A ground-based network of more than 1200 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) was analysed using GIPSY-OASIS II software package for the documentation of time and space variations of water vapor in atmosphere during the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream impact EXperiment (NAWDEX) during fall 2016. The network extends throughout the North Atlantic, from the Caribbeans to Morocco through Greenland. This paper presents the methodology used for GNSS data processing, screening, and conversion of Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) estimates to Integrated Water Vapor content (IWV) using surface parameters from reanalysis. The retrieved IWV are used to evaluate the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalyses ERAI and ERA5. ERA5 shows an overall improvement over ERAI in representing the spatial and temporal variability of IWV over the study area. The mean bias is decreased from 0.31±0.63 to 0.19±0.56 kg m −2 (mean ±1σ over all stations) and the standard deviation reduced from 2.17±0.67 to 1.64±0.53 kg m −2 combined with a slight improvement in correlation coefficient from 0.95 to 0.97. At regional scale, both reanalyses show a general wet bias at mid and northern latitudes but a dry bias in the Caribbeans. We hypothesize this results from the different nature of data being assimilated over the tropical oceans. This GNSS IWV data set is intended to be used for a better description of the high impact weather events that occurred during the NAWDEX experiment.
Effect of Islamic-based repentance therapy on the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

This research is based on the tragedy of a road traffic accident that led to a student's death. Her classmates felt lost and experienced symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of repentance and istighfar therapy to prevent PTSD. The research was based on a quasi-experimental design that consisted of six sessions in three meetings and homework for four weeks. The study participants were 14 students who experienced PTSD symptoms. They completed a scale before the intervention (pre-test), after completion of the intervention (post-test), and three weeks after the post-test. The paired sample test analysis results show that there were significant differences in the trauma scores pre-therapy and post-therapy. The effect size estimation results show that the effect of repentance and istighfar therapy was in the large effect size category; that is, 80.9% of the trauma variations could be explained (caused) by repentance therapy and istighfar . The research implies that such therapy can be predicted to be effective in reducing psychological disorders, as long as they are willing to be seriously involved in each stage of the therapy process that has been determined.
Cerebello-Cortical Coherence of Local Field Potentials following Patterned Stimulation of the Cerebellar Vermis

The cerebellum is involved in sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional functions through cerebellocerebral connectivity. Non-invasive cerebellar neurostimulation has been used to treat neurological disorders and has positive effects on cognition and mood, which have been related to modulation in frontal oscillations. To explore the mechanisms, we studied the effects of cerebellar stimulation at various frequencies on oscillations and coherence across a cerebello-cortical network, in the anesthetized rat. Local field potentials were recorded continuously with monopolar and bipolar electrodes in the lateral cerebellum (crus I/II), and in the prefrontal cortex (FrA), in six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with urethane. Stimulation patterns were delivered to the cerebellar vermis (lobule VII) in a randomized order: single pulses (0.2 Hz for 60 s), and repeated pulses at 1 Hz (30 s), 5 Hz (10 s), 25 Hz (2 s), and 50 Hz (1 s). Low frequency stimulation (1 Hz and 5 Hz) enhanced coherence in the cerebello-cortical network in theta and alpha, while high frequency stimulation (50 Hz) had an enhancing effect on beta and low gamma coherence. Stimulation effects were influenced by the initial oscillatory state, perhaps due to cyclic stages under urethane anesthesia. Low frequency stimulation was more efficient when delivered in a state dominated by slow waves, while high frequency stimulation showed the opposite relationship. We have found here that cerebellar stimulation can drive synchronization of cerebello-cortical and cortico-cortical networks. The present results could provide basic mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of cerebellar stimulation by promoting large-scale synchronization of neural networks.
Including Sustainable Reporting Practices in Corporate Management Reports: Assessing the Impact of Transparency on Economic Performance

In terms of sustainability, traditional disclosure does not provide the necessary information to all stakeholders, mainly addressing the company’s shareholders’ expectations. As a result, organisations need to disclose more non-financial information, which implies social and environmental issues. Many organisations currently provide sustainability reports in addition to the annual management reports containing financial and economic data. Several studies have focused on adopting practices and tools in the sustainability area and their overlap with traditional managerial techniques and tools. Nevertheless, integration involves a harmonising process, compatibility and alignment between different management practices. This study aims to assess the impact that the inclusion of sustainable reporting practices in corporate management reports has on economic performance, and to support filling the gap in the specific literature by proposing an integrated reporting model achieved through a harmonising process, compatibility and alignment.
A Stella® version of the Arctic Mediterranean Double Estuarine Circulation model: SAMDEC v1.0

The Arctic Mediterranean can be described as a double estuarine circulation regime. This observed circulation feature, which connects the North Atlantic to the Arctic Ocean, is composed of two interconnected branches of circulation: an overturning circulation, where dense water formed in the Nordic Seas returns toward the Atlantic and an estuarine circulation, 10 where the East Greenland Current exits the Arctic Mediterranean. A conceptual box model has previously built upon Henry Stommel’s original version, concluding that a double estuarine circulation is less sensitive to perturbations in northern freshwater input than an overturning circulation in isolation. This extended model exhibits a similar freshwater sensitivity to several coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), which require about 1 Sv of freshwater input to induce a transition to a qualitatively weakened overturning in the Atlantic Ocean. Besides the amount of freshwater that would 15 be required to abruptly weaken the Atlantic overturning circulation, it is essential to determine over what time scale such a transition could occur. To address this temporal aspect of potential abrupt transitions in a double estuarine circulation, we built a numerical version of the box-model in Stella®. The Stella® version of the Arctic Mediterranean Double Estuarine Circulation model (SAMDEC) is thus a new and widely-available numerical box-model representing the Arctic Mediterranean Double Estuarine Circulation and is intended to provide a numerical tool to easily solve this double estuarine theoretical framework. 20 In addition to its simplicity of use, one of the most important added values of SAMDEC is the ability to easily determine and visualise transition times between two circulation regimes at very low computing cost, making it a valuable tool for research and education. This allows for a quantitative assessment of the response of the Arctic Mediterranean circulation to variable freshwater fluxes and temperature changes over short and long time scales. To highlight the features of SAMDEC, we showcase here two freshwater flux scenarios; 1) increased freshwater input in the Nordic Seas, which is most comparable to 25 common ‘hosing’ experiments; and 2) increased freshwater input in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic. Similar to previous experiments performed with AOGCMs, the weakening caused by realistic freshwater addition is relatively slow during the first 100 years of simulation and increases thereafter. Finally, under a realistic freshwater increase, SAMDEC indicates that 88 to 176 years are needed to achieve a 15% weakening of the overturning. Overall, SAMDEC can provide insights into the dynamic of transition between circulation regimes under changes in freshwater input for both near-future and geological 30 timescale investigations. A light version of the model can be accessed online with any internet browser and the full model can be downloaded, modified and used on a personal computer.
Analyzing Effects Of Climate Variability In The Nexus Of Informal Microfinance Institutions: A Case Study Of Tharaka South Subcounty, Kenya

Climate variability is variation of climate elements from the longterm mean state on all spatiotemporal scales. Climate variability affects microfinance institutions directly and indirectly through physical and transition risks. However, no studies have analyzed the effects of climate variability in relation to informal microfinance institutions. The study, therefore, aimed to analyze the effects of climate variability in relation to informal microfinance institutions. It used a descriptive study design and multi-stage sampling design. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis, descriptive analysis, and Kendall’s tau-b correlation analysis. The study found a positive trend in climate variability (τ b = 0.174, α>0.05). Local people are highly vulnerable to climate variability as confirmed by 98.7% of the respondents who observed that climate variability affects their livelihoods. This vulnerability stems from the effect of climate variability on access to capital assets and livelihood strategies. Vulnerability to climate variability has a significant negative effect on loan repayment performance, loan access and sustainability, and hence on informal microfinance performance (τ b = - 0.109**, P <0.01). Nevertheless, climate variability increases participation in informal microfinance institutions as shown by the positive relationship with the number of people who joined informal microfinance institutions (τ b = 0.239**, P <0.01) and the number formed per year (τ b = 0.137, P <0.01) from 1981 to 2018. This is because informal microfinance institutions help vulnerable households in building resilience to climate variability as observed by 80.8% of the respondents. The characteristics of informal microfinance institutions have positive or negative relationships with vulnerability to climate variability. These relationships are and could be further leveraged upon to address effects of climate variability on informal microfinance institutions. Detailed contextual analysis of informal microfinance institutions in the nexus of climate variability is thus imperative to inform actions aimed at cushioning the groups and their members against the impacts.
DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES DE RETARDANTE DE FOGO EM PLANTIOS DE EUCALIPTO

Incendio florestal e um dos maiores causadores de prejuizos no triângulo da sustentabilidade no meio florestal, ou seja, ele proporciona prejuizos economicos, ambientais e sociais. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentracoes de retardante de fogo sob a intensidade de queima e altura de chamas em plantio de eucalipto. O experimento foi conduzido com 3 distintas concentracoes de retardante de fogo (1,5, 2,0 e 3,0%) alem de testemunha com agua. A dosagem de calda da mistura do retardante com agua utilizada nesta pesquisa foi de 0,5 L m-2 de area. Durante a queima de cada unidade amostral foram avaliadas as seguintes variaveis: umidade relativa, velocidade do vento, tempo gasto para o fogo queimar a parcela com e sem o produto, altura das chamas e a distância que o fogo avancou na parcela. Para a analise foi calculado a intensidade de queima da unidade amostral por concentracao do produto. O efeito das concentracoes do retardante foi evidenciado, visto que apresentou diferencas significativas pelo teste Tukey em nivel de 95% de probabilidade, diferenciando-se da testemunha (agua). A concentracao mais eficiente foi a de 3,0% com menores taxas de intensidade de queima e altura de chamas. Palavras-chave: incendios florestais, protecao florestal, intensidade de queima. DIFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF FIRE RETARDANT IN EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of fire retardant under the intensity and height of flames burning in Eucalyptus plantations. The experiment was conducted in a rural property in the south of the Espirito Santo, Brazil, conducted with three concentrations (1.5, 2.0 and 3.0%) in addition to treatment with water. The dosage of tail mixture of the with water retardant used in this study was 0.5 L m-2 of area. During the firing of each plot (treatment/repeat) the following variables were evaluated: relative wind speed, humidity time spent by the fire burn the plot with and without the product, height of the flames and the distance advanced by the fire in the plot. For analysis of the intensity of the burning portion was calculated by concentration of product. The effect of concentrations of retardant was evident, since they showed significant difference by Tukey test at 5% probability, differentiating itself from the control (water). The most effective concentration was 3.0% for both situations, intensity and height of flames burning, with the lowest rates of lower flammability and flame heights. Keywords: forest fire, forest protection, burning intensity. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n04a02
Asphaltene Subfractions Responsible for Stabilizing Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions. Part 2: Molecular Representations and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

After successful isolation of the most interfacially active subfraction of asphaltenes (IAAs) reported in the first part of this series of publications, comprehensive chemical analyses including ES-MS, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry were used to determine how the molecular fingerprint features of IAAs are different from those of the remaining asphaltenes (RAs). Compared with the RAs, the IAA molecules were shown to have higher molecular weight and higher contents of heteroatoms (e.g., three times higher oxygen content). The analysis on the elemental content and FTIR spectroscopy suggested that IAAs contained higher contents of high-polarity sulfoxide groups than the RAs. The results of ES-MS, NMR, FTIR, and elemental analyses were used to construct average molecular representations of IAA and RA molecules. These structures were used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study interfacial and aggregation behaviors of .
Peer Educator Method to Improve the Attitude of Junior High School Students in the Prevention of Watching Porn

Addiction to pornography in adolescents has permanent damage to an important part of the brain called the PFC (pre frontal cortex), as a result of which the ability to make decisions is reduced, the brain only seeks pleasure without consequences. Information about the dangers of watching porn addiction by adolescents to their peers or what is often called peer educators as an alternative to preventive efforts to overcome the effects of watching porn. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the peer educator method in improving student attitudes about the prevention of watching porn. This type of research is a quasi experiment with a non-equivalent control group design with pretest and post-test. Subjects in this study amounted to 76 students, divided into 2, namely the intervention group who received the peer educator method as many as 40 students at SMPN 4 Samarinda and the control group who received the module as independent reading material as many as 35 students at Junior hogh School 24 Samarinda who were selected purposively. Sampling with data analysis techniques using paired t-test and independent t-test. The decision to test the hypothesis of this study was based on a significance level of 5% or p value = 0.05. There was a statistically significant difference in attitude p <0.05 in the two groups of p = 0.003. The mean change in attitude in the treatment group was higher than the control group. The peer educator method is more effective than the module in increasing the prevention attitude of watching porn.
Perception of smile attractiveness by dentistry professionals, dental students and laypeople before and after esthetic procedures

Dentist community needs to understand the esthetic perception of laypeople and correlate the standards of dental esthetics to avoid unnecessary treatment. Thus, the aim was to compare the perception of smile attractiveness before and after performing esthetic dental procedures by general practitioners (GP), periodontists (P), restorative dentistry (RD), undergraduate students (UGrad), and laypeople (L). Two photographs of smile were taken, before (PSB) and after (PSA) the esthetic dental procedures. Photographs were exposed to 5 groups: GP (n = 20), P (n = 20), RD (n = 20), UGrad (n = 60), and L (n = 20). The smiles were evaluated using the visual scale with scores ranging from 1 (unattractive) to 10 (very attractive). Data were statistically evaluated (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Mann Whitney). The PSA of the esthetic dental procedures was more attractive than PSB (p < 0.05). In PSB, P group presented the lowest values of smile attractiveness scores (p < 0.05). On the other hand, in PSA, RD group attributed lower values (p < 0.05). The perception of smile attractiveness after performing dental procedures was higher than before, and P and RD were more critical in evaluating the smiles before and after treatment, respectively.
Biological and Histological Effects of Certain Insecticides on Spodoptera littoralis (Bosid)

This work aims at throw light on the efficiency of Lufenuron (Owner 5%), diflubenzuron (Dimilin48%), Emamectin benzoate (Emafel4%) and Indoxacarb ( Strong 30%) on the 2 and 4 larval instar of the cotton leaf warm, (Owner ) is the most potent insecticide against S. littoralis larvae ,which caused the shortest larval, pupal and adult durations being 11.26,10.80 and 6.33 days respectively. Current study was conducted on the insecticidal effect of Lufenuron on percentages of larval mortality (80%), pupation 20% and adult 53.7%. The tested dose level of all treatments showed highly histopathological disturbanecs in the midgut of this pest including distruction of the muscle layers, disorgarization in the epitheliul cells, separation of the peritrophic membrane as well as detachment of the basement membrane and appearance of vaculaizations . This observation might explain high mortality in treated larvae as compared to the control.
Ideology and Compliance With Health Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Perspective

Objective: We measure the prevalence of non-compliance with public health guidelines in the COVID-19 pandemic and examine how it is shaped by political ideology across countries. Methods: A list experiment of non-compliance and a multi-item scale of health-related behaviors were embedded in a comparative survey of 11,000 respondents in nine OCED countries. We conduct a statistical analyses of the list experiment capturing degrees of non-compliance with social distancing rules and estimate ideological effect heterogeneity. A semiparametric analysis examines the functional form of the relationship between ideology and the propensity to violate public health guidelines. Results: Our analyses reveal substantial heterogeneity between countries. Ideology plays an outsized role in the United States. No association of comparable magnitude is found in the majority of the other countries in our study. In many settings, the impact of ideology on health-related behaviors is non-linear. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of taking a comparative perspective. Extrapolating the role of ideology from the United States to other advanced industrialized societies might paint an erroneous picture of the scope of possible non-pharmaceutical interventions. Heterogeneity limits the extent to which policy-makers can learn from experiences across borders.