Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adiabatic limits of anti-self-dual connections on collapsed $K3$ surfaces

We prove a convergence result for a family of Yang-Mills connections over an elliptic $K3$ surface $M$ as the fibers collapse. In particular, assume $M$ is projective, admits a section, and has singular fibers of Kodaira type $I_1$ and type $II$. Let $\Xi_{t_k}$ be a sequence of $SU(n)$ connections on a principal $SU(n)$ bundle over $M$, that are anti-self-dual with respect to a sequence of Ricci flat metrics collapsing the fibers of $M$. Given certain non-degeneracy assumptions on the spectral covers induced by $\bar\partial_{\Xi_{t_k}}$, we show that away from a finite number of fibers, the curvature $F_{\Xi_{t_k}}$ is locally bounded in $C^0$, the connections converge along a subsequence (and modulo unitary gauge change) in $L^p_1$ to a limiting $L^p_1$ connection $\Xi_0$, and the restriction of $\Xi_0$ to any fiber is $C^{1,\alpha}$ gauge equivalent to a flat connection with holomorphic structure determined by the sequence of spectral covers. Additionally, we relate the connections $\Xi_{t_k}$ to a converging family of special Lagrangian multi-sections in the mirror HyperK\"ahler structure, addressing a conjecture of Fukaya in this setting.
Climate concern elasticity of carbon footprint

The income elasticity of carbon footprint is a summary variable often used to describe the relationship between income and carbon footprints. Previous studies primarily calculate this elasticity using emissions intensities per monetary unit. However, this study is based on a survey conducted in Nordic countries which allows us to directly calculate carbon footprints from responses about quantity and types of activities instead of from spending. As a result, we curtail an inbuilt relationship between income and carbon footprints. As a result, our method produces an income elasticity estimate that is approximately one-fourth of the highest estimates that exist, and 30% lower than the smallest current estimate. Furthermore, we introduce a new summary variable called the climate concern elasticity of carbon footprint. This variable provides a simple method to analyze the relationship between pro-climate attitudes, pro-climate behavior, and carbon footprints. This new parameter can serve as a framework that identifies key areas where the investigation of the relationship between people’s climate concern and their carbon footprint may be most useful. This framework and improved knowledge of income elasticities can guide policymakers and future research and provide new methods to estimate carbon footprint distributions.
Empirical Correlations for Slightly Heated Decaying Passive-Grid Turbulence

For homogeneous isotropic turbulence approximated by grid turbulence, velocity and temperature fluctuations decay under the effects of viscosity and thermal diffusivity of the fluid. In the self-similar region of grid flow, there is no mean shear and no turbulence production, and the decay rate is well represented by a power law; this is supported by the present measurements in three different grid flows and by previously published data for passive-grid turbulence obtained over different ranges of streamwise distance and/or Reynolds number. The grid flow is slightly heated so that temperature acts as a passive scalar. From dimensional analysis and empirical power-law correlations, relations for basic flow parameters, such as the Kolmogorov, Taylor, and Corrsin microscales, and the Reynolds and Péclet numbers, are established as functions of the normalized streamwise distance downstream of the grid. With these relations, it is possible to determine the flow parameters for a specific passive-grid geometry or, more generally, a specific set of initial conditions.
Objective interpretations of quantum mechanics and the possibility of a deterministic limit

Examines a suggestion by Bell (1984) that a deterministic model might be furnished by the continuum limit of an objective stochastic model which he has proposed for quantum field theory on a lattice. The virtues of models of Bell's type for general quantum systems are discussed, and it is shown that for a system of a fixed number of particles such a model does yield the deterministic de Broglie-Bohm model in an appropriate limit. It is argued, however, that a deterministic limit is unlikely to emerge from a quantum field theory capable of describing particle production and decay. An interpretation of quantum field theory is proposed which has the advantages of Bell's interpretation but is closer to conventional quantum mechanics.
Interpolation for normal bundles of general
 curves

Given n general points p_1, p_2,. , p_n in P^r, it is natural to ask when there exists a curve C \subset P^r, of degree d and genus g, passing through p_1, p_2,. , p_n. In this paper, we give a complete answer to this question for curves C with nonspecial hyperplane section. This result is a consequence of our main theorem, which states that the normal bundle N_C of a general nonspecial curve of degree d and genus g in P^r (with d >= g + r) has the property of interpolation (i.e. that for a general effective divisor D of any degree on C, either H^0(N_C(-D)) = 0 or H^1(N_C(-D)) = 0), with exactly three exceptions.
A Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling UPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Tacrolimus, Mycophenolic Acid and Creatinine in Whole Blood of Renal Transplant Recipients

(1) Background: Continuous monitoring of tacrolimus (TAC), mycophenolic acid (MPA), and creatinine (Cre) after renal transplantation is vitally important. In this study, we developed a new method based on volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) combined with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to simultaneously quantify three analytes including TAC, MPA, and Cre in whole blood. (2) Methods: The VAMS-based UPLC-MS/MS assay used a shared extraction and a single injection to simultaneously quantify the included TAC, MPA, and Cre. Development and validation were carried out following the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency guidelines for the validation of bioanalytical methods. Moreover, clinical validation for the three analytes was performed in both dried blood spot (DBS) and VAMS. Furthermore, a willingness survey was conducted using the system usability scale (SUS) for renal transplant recipients. (3) Results: The assay was successfully validated for all analytes. No interference, carryover, or matrix effects were observed, and extraction recoveries and process efficiencies were >90.00%. Analysis was unaffected by hematocrit (0.20~0.60, L/L) and anticoagulants (EDTA-2K). Dried VAMS samples were stable for 7 days at ambient temperature and stable for at least 1 month at −20 °C. During clinical validation, the measured TAC, corrected MPA, and Cre concentrations of VAMS samples met the analytical standards (95.00%, 88.57%, and 92.50%). When more stringent clinical acceptance criteria were set, the results obtained by VAMS (90.00%, 71.43%, and 85.00%) better than DBS (77.50%, 62.86%, and 70.00%). Compared with DBS, the survey found that renal transplant recipients are more inclined to use VAMS. (4) Conclusions: A robust extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis method in VAMS tips was developed and fully validated for the simultaneous quantification of TAC, MPA, and Cre concentrations. This method provides analytical support for the one-sample remote monitoring of both immunosuppressive drug concentrations and renal function in allo-renal recipients. Based on the good consistency between this method and the routine detection of venous blood samples and higher patient satisfaction than DBS, we believe that VAMS sampling can be a better alternative to venous whole-blood sampling.
Complex structures for Klein–Gordon theory on globally hyperbolic spacetimes

We develop a rigorous method to parametrize complex structures for Klein–Gordon theory in globally hyperbolic spacetimes that satisfy a completeness condition. The complex structures are conserved under time-evolution and implement unitary quantizations. They can be interpreted as corresponding to global choices of vacuum. The main ingredient in our construction is a system of operator differential equations. We provide a number of theorems ensuring that all ingredients and steps in the construction are well-defined. We apply the method to exhibit natural quantizations for certain classes of globally hyperbolic spacetimes. In particular, we consider static, expanding and Friedmann–Robertson–Walker spacetimes. Moreover, for a huge class of spacetimes we prove that the differential equation for the complex structure is given by the Gelfand–Dikki equation.
Recurrence and transience of excited random walks on $Z^d$ and strips

We investigate excited random walks on $Z^d, d\ge 1,$ and on planar strips $Z\times{0,1,\ldots,L-1}$ which have a drift in a given direction. The strength of the drift may depend on a random i.i. d. environment and on the local time of the walk. We give exact criteria for recurrence and transience, thus generalizing results by Benjamini and Wilson for once-excited random walk on $Z^d$ and by the author for multi-excited random walk on $Z$.
Reduced Marine Molybdenum Inventory Related to Enhanced Organic Carbon Burial and an Expansion of Reducing Environments in the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) Oceans

Many metals present in trace concentrations in the oceans are sensitive to reduction and oxidation reactions (termed redox‐sensitive trace metals or RSTMs) and can therefore be affected during intervals of expanded oceanic anoxia and euxinia (anoxic and sulfidic waters). These RSTMs are important micronutrients; and their availability plays a significant role in controlling metabolic pathways and therefore ecosystem structure. Understanding the links to ecosystem restructuring and potential collapse is important since past deoxygenation events are associated with biological turnover. The Early Jurassic Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T‐OAE) was one such event. We focus on the RSTM molybdenum (Mo), important in the nitrogen cycle, from a basin transect where local redox conditions permit the tracking of the marine reservoir of Mo. Mo enrichments start to decline in the Pliensbachian, continue to decline in the early Toarcian, drop precipitously during the T‐OAE interval, and remain low afterward before a protracted increase toward the initial values seen in the Pliensbachian. From a compilation of available data, we estimate that ∼41 Gt of Mo was buried during the T‐OAE using a range of possible flux estimates. Given the known correlations of Mo with total organic carbon, the estimated burial of organic carbon during the T‐OAE interval was ∼244,000 Gt. This requires a minimum of 3.25% of the ocean floor to be covered by euxinic waters. Finally, we suggest that the intervals traditionally classified as OAEs are associated with the greatest extent of euxinia.
Performance of lag length selection criteria in three different situations

Determination of the lag length of an autoregressive process is one of the most difficult parts of ARIMA modeling. Various lag length selection criteria (Akaike Information Criterion, Schwarz Information Criterion, Hannan-Quinn Criterion, Final Prediction Error, Corrected version of AIC) have been proposed in the literature to overcome this difficulty. We have compared these criteria for lag length selection for three different cases that is under normal errors, under non-normal errors and under structural break by using Monte Carlo simulation. It has been found that SIC is the best for large samples and no criteria is useful for selecting true lag length in presence of regime shifts or shocks to the system.
Distributed Regularized Primal-Dual Method: Convergence Analysis and Trade-offs

We study deterministic and stochastic primal-dual sub-gradient algorithms for distributed optimization of a separable objective function with global inequality constraints. In both algorithms, the norm of the Lagrangian multipliers are controlled by augmenting the corresponding Lagrangian function with a quadratic regularization term. Specifically, we show that when the stepsize of each algorithm satisfies a certain restriction, the norm of the Lagrangian multipliers is upper bounded by an expression that is inversely proportional to the parameter of the regularization. We use this result to compute upper bounds on the sub-gradients of the Lagrangian function. For the deterministic algorithm, we prove a convergence rate for attaining the optimal objective value. In the stochastic optimization case, we similarly prove convergence rates both in the expectation and with a high probability, using the method of bounded martingale difference. For both algorithms, we demonstrate a trade-off between the convergence rate and the decay rate of the constraint violation, in the sense that improving the convergence rate slows the decay rate of the constraint violation and vice versa. We demonstrate the convergence of our proposed algorithms numerically for distributed regression with the hinge and logistic loss functions over different graph structures.
Validation of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire Children (DEBQ-C) version in Turkish preadolescence children

BACKGROUND/OBJECTİVES It is important to determine Dysfunctional eating behaviors such as dietary restraint and overeating tendencies in order to provide weight management and acquire the right habits in children. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire Children (DEBQ-C) with Turkish preadolescent children. MATERIALS/METHODS This research included 440 preadolescents (9.3 ± 6.9 years and 235 girls, 205 boys). The instrument is divided into three subscales, each with 20 items. Emotional eating, restrained eating, and external eating are the three subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the construct validity of the Turkish version of the DEBQ-C, and Cronbach α values were computed to evaluate the subscale reliabilities. There were 20 observable variables and three latent variables in the hypothesized model. RESULTS Fit indices for the hypothesized model were good (×2/degree of freedom = 1.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.05; comparative fit index = 0.95; goodness of fit index = 0.93). These findings revealed that the Turkish version of the DEBQ-C has a factor structure that was identical to the three-factor structure of the original scale. The Turkish version of the DEBQ-C subscales has internal consistency coefficients ranging from 0.72 (external eating) to 0.86. (emotional eating). CONCLUSIONS The DEBQ-C Turkish version is a viable and reliable tool for measuring overeating tendencies in Turkish preadolescents, according to the findings.
Recurrent Encephalopathy with Metabolic Acidosis and Hypoglycemia: Do not Forget Fructose Metabolism

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Tree-valued Fleming–Viot dynamics with mutation and selection

The Fleming-Viot measure-valued diffusion is a Markov process describing the evolution of (allelic) types under mutation, selection and random reproduction. We enrich this process by genealogical relations of individuals so that the random type distribution as well as the genealogical distances in the population evolve stochastically. The state space of this tree-valued enrichment of the Fleming-Viot dynamics with mutation and selection (TFVMS) consists of marked ultrametric measure spaces, equipped with the marked Gromov-weak topology and a suitable notion of polynomials as a separating algebra of test functions. The construction and study of the TFVMS is based on a well-posed martingale problem. For existence, we use approximating finite population models, the tree-valued Moran models, while uniqueness follows from duality to a function-valued process. Path properties of the resulting process carry over from the neutral case due to absolute continuity, given by a new Girsanov-type theorem on marked metric measure spaces. To study the long-time behavior of the process, we use a duality based on ideas from Dawson and Greven [On the effects of migration in spatial Fleming-Viot models with selection and mutation (2011c) Unpublished manuscript] and prove ergodicity of the TFVMS if the Fleming-Viot measure-valued diffusion is ergodic. As a further application, we consider the case of two allelic types and additive selection. For small selection strength, we give an expansion of the Laplace transform of genealogical distances in equilibrium, which is a first step in showing that distances are shorter in the selective case.
An Assessment of the Knowledge, Perception, and Willingness to Use Telepharmacy Services Among the General Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background and objective At the height of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous strategies were introduced by the authorities to contain the spread of the virus, which significantly affected people's lives and impeded their mobility. As the general public was unable to leave their dwellings, many digitalized pharmacist-led services were initiated to meet the public’s needs for pharmaceutical care. The aim of this study was to ascertain the knowledge, perception, and willingness to utilize telepharmacy services and the determinants associated with these services among the general public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methodology A cross-sectional survey involving participants recruited from the Saudi general public was conducted by using a validated questionnaire. We collected information regarding participants' demographics, as well as knowledge, perception, and willingness toward telepharmacy. The results were analyzed via descriptive statistics. The Mann-Whitney U Test was applied to assess the associations between knowledge, perception, willingness, and demographic variables regarding the utilization of telepharmacy services. Results A total of 273 Saudi citizens participated in the study; 71% (n=193) of them were aware of telepharmacy services. Many respondents showed a positive perception towards telepharmacy services and 83% (n=227) of the total participants showed their willingness to use telepharmacy services in the future. A significant association was identified between education, gender, and the knowledge of the participants regarding telepharmacy services. The demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and education, were not associated with the participants' perception regarding telepharmacy services. However, gender was significantly associated with the willingness to use telepharmacy services in the future. Conclusions Many participants had a fair knowledge and positive perception of telepharmacy services. More than two-thirds of the participants showed their willingness to utilize telepharmacy services in the future. However, further measures should be implemented involving strategies to increase the knowledge about telepharmacy by targeting the less educated among the Saudi population and those with limited access to technology.
Establishment of highly efficient transgenic system for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)

The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a promising insect for mitigating solid waste problems as its larvae are able to bioconvert organic waste into valuable biomass. We recently reported a high‐quality genome assembly of the BSF; analysis of this genome sequence will further the understanding of insect biology and identify genes that can be manipulated to improve efficiency of bioconversion. To enable genetic manipulation of the BSF, we have established the first transgenic methods for this economically important insect. We cloned and identified the ubiquitous actin5C promoter (Hiactin5C‐p3k) and 3 endogenous U6 promoters (HiU6:1, HiU6:2, and HiU6:3). The Hiactin5C promoter was used to drive expression of a hyperactive variant of the piggyBac transposase, which exhibited up to 6‐fold improvement in transformation rate when compared to the wild‐type transposase. Furthermore, we evaluated the 3 HiU6 promoters using this transgenic system. HiU6:1 and HiU6:2 promoters provided the highest knockdown efficiency with RNAi and are thus promising candidates for future Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) development. Overall, our findings provide valuable genetic engineering toolkits for basic research and genetic manipulation of the BSF.
Kac Interaction Clusters: A Bilinear Coagulation Equation and Phase Transition

We consider the interaction clusters for Kac's model of a gas with quadratic interaction rates, and show that they behave as coagulating particles with a bilinear coagulation kernel. In the large particle number limit the distribution of the interaction cluster sizes is shown to follow an equation of Smoluchowski type. Using a coupling to random graphs, we analyse the limiting equation, showing well-posedness, and a closed form for the time of the gelation phase transition $t_\mathrm{g}$ when a macroscopic cluster suddenly emerges. We further prove that the second moment of the cluster size distribution diverges exactly at $t_\mathrm{g}. $ Our methods apply immediately to coagulating particle systems with other bilinear coagulation kernels.