Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of a new recombinant begomovirus species infecting tomato in the Al-Batinah region of Oman

Whiteﬂy-transmitted begomoviruses are the most important limiting factor for tomato cultivation in Oman, particularly in the Al-Batinah region, the major agricultural area of the country. Commercial farms in the Al-Batinah region were surveyed during January – March 2013. Samples of tomato showing leaf curl disease symptoms typical of begomoviruses were collected and analysed. Full-length sequences of ﬁve clones were shown to have relatively low percentage identity values to known begomoviruses, with the highest (88 (cid:1) 6%) to isolates of Tomato leaf curl Oman virus (ToLCOMV), a begomovirus previously reported in Oman, indicating that these represent a newly identiﬁed species, for which the name Tomato leaf curl Barka virus (ToLCBrV) is proposed. Four isolates of ToLCBrV were found associated with Tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB). The ﬁve isolates of ToLCBrV characterized in this study were shown to be recombinants, with ToLCOMV as the major parent, and a fragment of Croton yellow vein virus (CrYVV) spanning the 3 ′ half of the replication-associated protein. The signiﬁcance of these ﬁndings is discussed.
A measure of gravitational entropy and structure formation

Increasing inhomogeneity due to gravitational clumping reflects increasing gravitational entropy in a time evolving universe. Starting from an ensemble of uniformly distributed particles it is demonstrated that gravitational clustering is subject to a specific quantization rule for the amount of increase of gravitational entropy during the formation of inhomogeneities. The gain of gravitational entropy at each higher order merging process within the system is shown to result as a natural consequence from an extremal condition involved. The resulting discrete spectrum of nested, bound structures of specific mass and radius, ranging from the particle physics scale to galaxies and super clusters, provides a unified view of fundamental inhomogeneity scales in the universe from gravitational entropy considerations. Consequently, also the gravitational arrow of time points in the direction of stepwise increasing entropy or inhomogeneity, respectively.
Causal Association between Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Obesity: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

The association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and obesity traits has been investigated previously in several epidemiological studies. However, the underlying causal association has not been established. Objective To determine and analyze the causal association between serum TSH level and obesity-related traits (BMI and obesity). The latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on TSH, BMI and obesity were searched to obtain full statistics. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to explore the causal relationship between serum TSH and BMI and obesity. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger methods were used to combine the estimation for each SNP. Based on the preliminary MR results, free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were also set as outcomes to further analyze the impact of BMI on them. level could be significantly elevated by genetically predicted high BMI (β=0.038, se=0.013, p=0.004). In further MR analysis, the IVW method indicated that BMI could causally increase the fT3 (β=10.123, se=2.523, p<0.001) while not significantly affecting the fT4 level. Together with fT3, TSH can be significantly elevated by an increase in genetically driven BMI. AB, Frayling TM. Imputation of variants from the 1000 Genomes Project modestly improves known associations and can identify low-frequency variant-phenotype associations undetected by HapMap based imputation.
Pre-Treatment AMH Determines Rate of Post-Therapy Ovarian Reserve Recovery: Acute Changes in Ovarian Reserve During and After Chemotherapy

, Abstract Objective— To identify factors associated with ovarian reserve (OR) impairment during and immediately after chemotherapy. Design— Prospective cohort study. Setting— Four university hospitals. Patients— Adolescent and young adult females with a new diagnosis of cancer requiring chemotherapy. Interventions— None. Main Outcome Measures— Participants were followed to assess measures of OR (serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, inhibin B, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), and antral follicle counts and mean ovarian volume) at 3 month intervals. Changes in OR were quantified for both the acute impact of treatment using linear regression and the longitudinal recovery after therapy using mixed effects models adjusted for baseline OR, use of alkylating agent, and hormone use. Results— 46 women with at least 1 pretreatment and 2 post-treatment study visits were included (mean follow-up 12 months). All measures of OR demonstrated significant changes during chemotherapy. Alkylating agent exposure and baseline OR were associated with the magnitude of impairment acutely, and pretreatment AMH levels were associated with the rate of recovery of AMH post-treatment. In adjusted models, participants with a pretreatment AMH level >2 ng/mL recovered at a rate of 11.9% per month after chemotherapy, whereas participants with pretreatment AMH levels ≤2 ng/mL recovered at a rate of 2.6% per month after therapy (p=0.003). Conclusion— Baseline OR and alkylating agent exposure effect the magnitude of acute changes in OR from chemotherapy. The rate of recovery of AMH is impacted by pretreatment levels. This should be considered during pretreatment fertility preservation counseling.
ASSESSMENT OF INHALATION TECHNIQUES IN COPD PATIENTS USING METERED-DOSE INHALER AND ROTAHALER AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NEPAL

Inhalation technique is main therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Incorrect usage of inhaler devices might have a major influence on the clinical effectiveness of the delivered drug. This issue is poorly addressed in management guidelines. The present study was carried out with an objective to assess the inhalation techniques in hospitalized patients with COPD using Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI) and rotahaler. The study consists of all hospitalized patients diagnosed with COPD above 40 years who are using MDI and rotahaler. The study was an institution based prospective and descriptive study done for 8 weeks. The data of the study was analysed using SPSS 20.0 version and Microsoft Excel 2007. Of 100 patients with COPD (mean age 68 years), most of the patients were illiterate (75%) with smoking habit (36%) and smoking history (48%). 84% patients do not use their inhalers correctly, the most common errors being "not exhaling to residual volume" and "not holding breath for 5 seconds". While using MDI, apart from above mentioned errors, the other frequent errors were not continuing slow and deep inhalation, not shaking the inhaler and not inhaling slowly and pressing canister. While using rotahaler, the other common errors apart from afore mentioned errors were not inhaling powder forcefully and deeply and not exhaling away from mouth piece. From the present study it can be concluded that incorrect inhalation techniques is common among COPD patients. The success of COPD management is highly dependent on correct use of inhalers. Thus, trainings, verbal instruction and technique assessment and reassessment are considered necessary to make patients use their inhalers correctly.
THE PREVALENCE AND THE IMPACT OF INSOMNIA AMONG THE POPULATION OF AL-DAWADMI REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA

The sleeping disorder, Insomnia is the common complaint in adults because of several factors. However, epidemiologic studies targeting insomnia and its effect among Al- Dawadmi population, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have never been reported. We performed an epidemiologic survey based study to understand the status of insomnia among Al- Dawadmi population, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by an online questionnaire on 850 subjects (201 men and 649 women) using a random sampling method. More than one third (n=317, 34.5%) of the 850 subjects complained of chronic insomnia, with the prevalence being significantly higher in women (38.5%) than in men (33.3%) and (n:356, 38.5%) is complained of intermittent insomnia being significantly higher in women (43.8%) than in men (35.8%). The finding stated that insomnia is a common complaint in dawadmi city, and its prevalence in the young females is higher than in males.
A Work-Efficient Step-Efficient Prefix Sum Algorithm

The Prefix-sum algorithm [Hillis and Steele Jr. 1986] is one of the most important building blocks for data-parallel computation. Its applications include parallel implementations of deleting marked elements from an array (stream-compaction), radix-sort, solving recurrence equations, solving tri-diagonal linear systems, and quicksort. In addition to being a useful building block, the prefix-sum algorithm is a good example of a computation that seems inherently sequential, but for which there are efficient data-parallel algorithms.
The Speech Interface as an Attack Surface: An Overview

—This paper investigates the security of human-computer interaction via a speech interface. The use of speech interfaces for human-computer interaction is becoming more widespread, particularly in the form of voice-controlled digital assistants. We argue that this development represents new security vulnerabilities, which have yet to be comprehensively investigated and addressed. This paper presents a comprehensive review of prior and related work in this area to date. Based on this review, we propose a high level taxonomy of attacks via the speech interface. Our taxonomy systematises prior work on the security of voice-controlled digital assistants, and identiﬁes new categories of potential attacks, which have yet to be investigated and thus represent a focus for future research. The attack surface presented by the speech interface comprises not only the voice-controlled device itself, but the entire process of human-computer interaction including the human user. In accordance with this, our taxonomy categorises attacks via the speech interface according to human perceptions of the attacks, whilst also aligning the categories of the taxonomy to vulnerabilities in various parts of the architecture of voice-controlled systems. This paper is an extended version of a previous paper in which our taxonomy of attacks via the speech interface was ﬁrst presented.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC STRESS AND EATING BEHAVIOR AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Finding of current research aims to investigate the correlation between academic stress and eating behavior among college students in Saito University College, Malaysia. This study was a correlational design that used quantitative methods for data collection. The research was conducted among 128 college students in Saito University College recruited from different program and selected from year one to year three. Survey of College Academic Stressors (SCAS) was administered to measure stress related to academic factors while eating behaviour was assessed using Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ). Prior to conduct the research and collecting the data, ethical approval was obtained from the management board of the college. Statistical program of SPSS was used to analyse data collected. As for result, it was found – as expected – that academic stress and eating behaviour were significantly correlated yet there were no significant difference among stress and eating behaviour with respect to gender and race. It was highly recommended that counselling staff of the University could provide appropriate intervention as well as adequate support for students experiencing stressful situation.
Assessment of factors affecting maintenance management of hospital buildings in Jordan

The purpose of this paper is to identify and assess the factors affecting maintenance management performance of hospital buildings in Amman, Jordan. Besides, the operational state was evaluated and the practices of maintenance management were assessed. ,In total, 70 items were identified through a rigorous literature review, grouped into seven categories, and a framework was developed. Besides, practices of maintenance management were assessed and the operational state was evaluated. The data were collected through distributing questionnaires to maintenance department staff in all public and private hospitals in Amman, Jordan. In total, 219 questionnaires were obtained and the data were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis. As well, descriptive, correlation, and inferential analysis were performed. ,The analysis proved that 14 items representing four factors had significant effect on maintenance management performance and a new framework was established. Additionally, the results showed that Amman’s hospitals were found to be in an average condition and maintenance management practices were assessed to be efficient. ,There is a gap in the literature in terms of researching the factors affecting the maintenance management of the Jordanian hospitals which has been a subject of extensive interest to many. A framework of the factors affecting maintenance has been proposed for the country of Jordan which the authors hope that would be developed further in future studies.
STUDY OF CHOLESTEATOMA CASES AT ALMOUWASAT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, DAMASCUS, SYRIA

Objective: This study aimed to study the prevalence of cholesteatomas and its complications and the effect it conducts on auditory ossicles. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective study of the files of the patients who reviewed AlMouwasat University Hospital and were diagnosed with middle ear cholesteatomas. This study included all cases from 1/1/2016 to 30/11/2019. Only the authors to ensure the privacy collected all the data and all the names and personal information were blinded. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 25.0. Results: 27% of all patients were children (≤16 years old) and 73% were adults (>16 years old). Males were more dominant with 54% compared to females with 46%. Otorrhea was found in 91.2%, hypoacusis in 87.8%, tinnitus in 32.7% and vertigo in 24.5%. Labyrinthine fistula was found in 2 cases and neurological symptoms (facial nerve palsy) in 4 cases. Erosion of ossicles was found in 79% with the Incus in 91.3%, Stapes in 50% and Malleus in 38%. Conclusion: The etiology of cholesteatomas remains unknown. Bigger epidemiological and statistical data, surgical reports, and conclusions of experimental studies are needed, as they may provide support for clarifying the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.
Conservation Genetics and Gut Microbial Communities’ Variability of the Critically Endangered European Mink Mustela Lutreola: Implications for Captive Breeding Programs

Host’s fitness can be affected by its genotype and gut microbiota, defined as the microbes living in the host’s intestinal tract. This study explored how the genetic diversity of the host influences its bacterial communities in the context of captive breeding programs, for the critically endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola). As stated by the ecosystem on a leash model, loss of host genetic diversity may lead to changes in immunomodulation and will therefore induce modifications of the gut microbiota. We investigated variation in the gut bacteria through 16S rRNA metabarcoding, related to the genetic diversity of European mink held in captivity in two breeding centers representing separate breeding stocks originating from the western and eastern populations. The genetic diversity of the host was assessed through diversity analysis of the adaptive MHC class I and II genes as well as neutral microsatellite markers. Results indicate lower diversity in neutral and MHC class I genes for the western population, and the opposite for MHC class II. A lower MHC class II gene variability led to an increase in microbial phylogenetic diversity and in abundance depending on the presence of specific MHC-II motifs. Those results seem to be linked to management practices that differs between the two programs, especially the number of generations in captivity. Long term Ex situ conservation practices can thus modulate gut microbial communities, that might potentially have consequences on the survival of reintroduced animals. We suggest strategies to foster genetic diversity in captive breeding program to mitigate the effects of genetic drift on those small, isolated populations.
Molecular identi W cation of 1-Cys peroxiredoxin and anthocyanidin/ X avonol 3 -O- galactosyltransferase from proanthocyanidin-rich young fruits of persimmon ( Diospyros kaki Thunb.)

Fruits of persimmon ( Diospyros kaki Thunb.) accumulate large amounts of proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the early stages of development. Astringent (A)-type fruits remain rich in soluble PAs even after they reach full-mature stage, whereas non-astringent (NA)-type fruits lose these compounds before full maturation. As a W rst step to elucidate the mechanism of PA accumulation in this non-model species, we used suppression subtractive hybridization to identify transcripts accumulating di V erently in young fruits of A- and NA-type. Interestingly, only a few clones involved in PA biosynthesis were identi W ed in A–NA libraries. Represented by multiple clones were those encoding a novel 1-Cys peroxiredoxin and a new member of family 1 glycosyltransferases. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses con W rmed correlation of the amount of PAs and accumulation of transcripts encoding these proteins in young persimmon fruits. Furthermore, the new family 1 glycosyltransferase was produced in Escherichia coli and shown to e Y ciently catalyze galactosylation at 3-hydroxyl groups of several anthocyanidins and X avonols. These W ndings suggest a complex mechanism of PA accumulation in persimmon fruits.
Evaluation of human risks of surface and groundwater contaminated with
Cd and Pb south of El-Minya Governorate, Egypt

Abstract. Water pollution with Cd and Pb has worldwide concern because of their health impact. Evaluation of their concentrations and potential human health risks of surface and groundwater south El-Minya Governorate, Egypt is the main aim of the study. Fifty-five samples were collected; 30 samples surface water and 25 samples groundwater. The samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) to determine Cd and Pb contents. The heavy metals levels in both of surface and groundwater exceeded the maximum allowable level for drinking water which set by WHO. The hazard quotient and hazard index showed that groundwater may pose a health risk to residents, especially the children, primarily due to the high Cd content. In addition, there might be some concern for adverse Carcinogenic health effects. The pollution returns to human activities. The water can be recommended for irrigation not for drinking.
IXODID TICKS DIVERSITY IN THE MIDDLE AND SOUTH OF IRAQ

A survey for ixodid ticks among 21 domestic and wild animals was conducted in the middle and south of Iraq encountered examining 2052 hosts revealed presence of 13 tick species. A total of 975 animals (47.51% ) were found infested with one or more tick species. In regard to host infestation rates among domestic animals, camels attain the highest infestation rate of 65.77%, then dogs (56.25%), horses (50%), cows (47%). Sheep (46.9%), water buffaloes (42.15%), goats (25.94%), donkeys (20%) and domestic cats (4.87%). In regard to infestation rates in wild animals, red foxes, Asiatic jackals and common otter were with 100% rate, followed by wild hares (81.25)%, long-eared hedgehog (76.19%), wild boar and wild jungle cat (66.66%), black bird (50%), ratel, crested lark and grey hypocolius (33.33%), and black rat (20%). Some ticks showed high host specificity ( Hyalomma schulzei and for a lesser extent Hyalomma dromedarii, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Haemaphysalis adleri ), while others were with a wide range of hosts ( Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus turanicus ).
The Impact of Proactive Personality on Radical and Incremental Creativity: An Interactionist Perspective

Building upon the recent re-conceptualization of creativity as a multi-dimensional phenomenon and the Interactionist Theory of Creativity; this study attempts to examine and test the relationship of proactive personality with the two distinct forms of creativity; incremental and radical creativity, with employee engagement as mediator and organizational climate for creativity as moderator. This is crucial because treating creativity as a uni-dimensional construct does not give a true picture of the relationships and several previous studies have given inconclusive results due to this reason. Demarcating creativity as having distinct dimensions also allows the organizations to better plan, hire and manage their workforce according to the nature of jobs requiring different forms of creativity. A survey of 277 employees working in creative departments of advertising agencies in Rawalpindi/Islamabad (Pakistan) was conducted on a time lag basis. SPSS and Process Macro by Preacher and Hayes were used to test the hypotheses. The results of the study supported 5 out of 7 proposed hypotheses. The relationship of proactive personality is found to be significantly stronger with radical creativity than with incremental creativity while employee engagement proved to be a significant mediator between proactive personality and radical creativity only, and organizational climate for creativity significantly but negatively moderated the relationship between proactive personality and employee engagement. The findings are a Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla. edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga ISSN 6307 significant addition to the existing body of literature on employee creativity. The paper also highlights future recommendations for research followed by implications of the findings.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOSS OF RESISTANCE TECHNIQUE AND MODIFIED DRIP METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF EPIDURAL SPACE

and ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE : To compare and evaluate the success rate of modified drip method (MDM) with the conventional loss of resistance (LOR) technique in locating the lumbar epidural space. MATERIALS AND METHODS : One hundred twenty patients of either sex, belonging to American society of Anesthesiologists physical status class 1 or 2 scheduled to undergo elective surgeries were randomly assigned to one of the two groups (60 each) depending on epidural space localization. In LOR group, epidural space localization was done by using conventional loss of resistance technique to the injection of air. In MDM group, epidural space was localized by using modified drip method. Time taken for epidural space localization (T 1 ), time taken to thread epidural catheter (T 2 ) and quality of the block were recorded. RESULTS : Success rate for epidural space localization was higher (90%) in MDM group compared to the LOR group (70%) but the difference was found to be statistically non-significant. T 1 was more in MDM group whereas it was reverse in case of T 2 . Complications were almost negligible in MDM. CONCLUSION : Modified drip method is viable alternative to the conventional loss of resistance technique for identifying lumbar epidural space.