Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the space of human exploration

What drives people’s exploration in complex scenarios where they have to actively acquire information by making queries? How do people adapt their selection of queries to their environment? We explore these questions using Entropy Mastermind, a novel variant of the Mastermind code-breaking game, in which participants have to guess a secret code by making useful queries. Participants solved games more efficiently and more quickly if the entropy of the game environment was low; moreover, people adapted their initial queries to the scenario they were in. We also investigated whether it would be possible to predict participants’ queries within the generalized Sharma-Mittal information-theoretic framework. Although predicting individual queries is difficult, the modeling framework offered important insight on human behavior. Entropy Mastermind offers rich possibilities for modeling and behavioral research.
Occurrence and Distribution of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumour Characteristics Among Predisposed Breeds

Abstract Introduction: Breed predisposition to cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCT) in a population of dogs in Poland affected by various skin tumours was assessed, and the distribution of MCT characteristics such as histological grading, sex, age, and location, in predisposed breeds was evaluated. Material and Methods: The retrospective epidemiological study included 550 dogs affected by cutaneous MCTs with a reference group of 2,557 dogs diagnosed with other skin tumours. Results: A univariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. The risk of high-grade MCTs was the highest for Shar-Peis (OR: 26.394) and American Staffordshire Terriers (OR: 2.897). Boxers (OR: 6.619), Labrador Retrievers (OR: 2.630), French Bulldogs (OR: 2.050), Golden Retrievers (OR: 1.949), and American Staffordshire Terriers (OR: 2.592) were mainly affected by low-grade MCTs. The high risk of MCT was calculated to be at the age of 4–6 years for Labrador Retrievers (OR: 2.686) and 7–10 years for Boxers (OR: 2.956) and French Bulldogs (OR: 9.429). MCTs were significantly more often located on the trunk in French Bulldogs (OR: 4.680), American Staffordshire Terriers (OR: 2.520), and Labrador Retrievers (OR: 1.948). There was no statistically significant correlation between gender and the occurrence of MCTs in the breeds. Conclusions: The breed-predicated differences in the clinical course of MCTs suggest a genetic background for the tumours.
Ortorexia nervosa e imagem corporal em adolescentes e adultos

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a frequência do comportamento de risco para ortorexia nervosa em uma amostra de indivíduos com idades entre 18 e 60 anos e associar com o estado nutricional (classificação do peso corporal) variáveis sociodemográficas e imagem corporal. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal constituído por indivíduos de ambos os sexos. Utilizou-se o questionário ORTO-15 (com pontos de corte < 40 e < 35) para a identificação de comportamentos de risco para ortorexia e a Escala de Silhuetas para a imagem corporal. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio do índice de massa corporal, com peso e altura autorreferidos. Para a análise dos dados, aplicou-se o teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Participaram 430 indivíduos, sendo 56,7% (n = 244) mulheres, com idade para ambos os sexos entre 18,1 e 59,9 anos. Constatou-se maior número de participantes com risco para ortorexia ao utilizar o ponto de corte < 40 (91,4%, n = 393) quando comparado ao ponto de corte < 35 (54,4%, n = 234) (p < 0,0001). O estado nutricional não esteve associado ao comportamento ortoréxico (< 35, p = 0,68; < 40, p = 0,69), bem como à imagem corporal, em ambos os sexos (< 40 e < 35). A idade entre 40 e 60 anos associou-se com a presença de ortorexia (< 35) (p = 0,0005), enquanto não houve associação com as variáveis sexo, escolaridade, estado civil e renda (< 40 e < 35). Conclusão Os resultados do presente estudo indicam alta frequência de comportamento de risco para ortorexia. Sugerimos a investigação da frequência nos diversos segmentos populacionais e dos fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de atitudes ortoréxicas.
Factors Affecting Capital Expenditure Allocation: Empirical Evidence from Regency/City Government in Indonesia

Research aims : To analyze the effect of local taxes, regional retribution, special allocation fund, and area size on the allocation of capital expenditure with economic growth as a moderating variable in the regency/city Governments in Indonesia from 2016 to 2017. Design/Methodology/Approach : This study used secondary data obtained through the website of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Finance, and Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the purposive sampling method, a sample of 565 regencies/cities in Indonesia was obtained. The hypothesis testing in this study used Moderated Regression Analysis. Research findings : Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that partially the local tax variables, special allocation fund, and area had a positive and significant effect on capital expenditure allocation. In contrast, regional retribution variables did not affect capital expenditure allocation, and economic growth could moderate the effect of local tax on capital expenditure allocation, but unable to moderate the effect of regional regional on capital expenditure allocations. Theoretical contribution/Originality : This research proved the theory of fiscal federalism in the relationship to fiscal decentralization, such as local taxes, economic conditions, public services, and public welfare. Moreover, this study enriched the literature on the application of the theory of stewardship in government agencies. Practitioner/Policy implication : Regional governments in regencies/cities in Indonesia are expected to explore the potential of their regions better so that they can improve the steward function to the community. Research limitation/Implication : The research period was relatively short; due to the availability of data only from 2016 to 2017, many research data were outliers. Future research is expected to renew the observation period and change the intervening model, as well as add other variables related to capital expenditure, such as General Allocation Funds (DAU), Revenue Sharing Funds (DBH), population numbers, Budget Surplus (SILPA) and others.
Further realization of a flexible metamaterial-based antenna on indium nickel oxide polymerized palm fiber substrates for RF energy harvesting

Abstract This paper discusses the design and fabrication of a low-profile Hilbert-shaped metamaterial (MTM) array-based antenna, forming a rectangular patch with partial ground plane backing; the rest is slotted with traces for RF energy harvesting. The antenna is mounted on a 28 mm × 32 mm indium nickel oxide polymerized palm fiber (INP) substrate and compared to the identical one based on FR4 substrate. The two prototypes are printed with silver nanoparticles. Numerical and experimental tests are applied to the antenna performance in terms of S11 and radiation patterns. The obtained antenna gain bandwidth product of the INP prototype is found to be significantly better than the FR4 prototype. The proposed INP antenna gain at 5.8 and 8 GHz frequencies is found to be about 4.56 and 7.38 dBi, respectively, while the FR4 antenna gain is found to be 4.56 and 6.85 dBi at 5.8 and 8 GHz, respectively. Finally, the resultant DC voltage and the efficiency of conversion from harvested RF energy are measured experimentally at 5.8 and 8 GHz for both proposed prototypes.
Effect of organic manures on growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L)

The use of organic manures in the agricultural plays a vital role in improving the quality of turmeric as well as improving the soil health. Turmeric is having a close relation with human health; hence demand of organically grown turmeric is increasing tremendously. A field trial was conducted to study the effect of different organic manures (generally recommended fertilizer dose, farmyard manure, vermicompost, press mud compost, poultry manure, sugarcane trash, wheat straw, turmeric trash and jeevamrut ) on the yield and curcumin content of turmeric Cv. Phule Swarupa on Inceptisol at Agricultural Research Station, Dist-Sangli, Maharashtra, India. The trial was conducted on the fixed site of soil for the continuous of five years (2009-2013). The maximum dry yield (62.42 q ha-1) of the turmeric was recorded by application of the general recommended dose of fertilizer (GRDF) i. e. 25 MT FYM + 200:100:100 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 which was at par with the vermicompost (11.36 T ha-1). The highest number of leaves per tiller and number of tillers per plant, plant height and curcumin content was recorded in the GRDF, which was at par with vermicompost. The highest benefit: cost ratio (1.59) was also noticed in GRDF, which was at par with the application of vermicompost (1.54) on a nitrogen basis. The soil available nutrient status was taken into consideration during experimentation. The application of vermicompost (11.36 T ha-1) along with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Azospirillium @ 5 kg ha-1, respectively at the time of planting was found superior for higher dry yield (55.45 q ha-1), net monetary returns (Rs. 137035) and maintenance of soil fertility for organic cultivation of turmeric.
Varroa Destructor and the Sustainability of Apis Mellifera - an Overview

Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite that represents a major global threat for the Western honeybee Apis mellifera. This parasite managed to switch from its natural host the Eastern honeybee, A. cerana, and within a few decades, it spread among A. mellifera populations around the world. Today beekeepers are using a variety of different acaricides to keep the parasite population under control. However, for many of these substances, the parasite evolved resistance asking for the development of novel compounds. Hence the treatment is less suited as a sustainable tool in honeybee health; consequently, other alternative options are needed, and breeding of Varroa resistant honeybees have been suggested as a more sustainable solution. Here we reviewed the successful efforts and the apicultural procedures needed to be implemented to achieve resistant honeybees. We also describe the underlying resistance mechanisms and discuss the benefits of breeding within regional populations, considering the biodiversity aspects of A. mellifera.
Association of integrons with multidrug-resistant isolates among phylogenic groups of uropathogenic Escherichia coli

The aims of this study were to investigate the antibiotics susceptibility, multidrug- resistant (MDR) frequency and the association of integrons with MDR among phylogenic groups of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). In total, 176 non-duplicated UPEC isolates were collected from urinary tract infections (UTIs) specimens. The disk diffusion method was performed for determination of antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Phylogenetic grouping and the presence of integron-associated genes (int) were detected by the PCR technique. A high frequency of resistance was observed to cotrimoxazole (96.9%), ampicillin (85%), trimethoprim (80.1%) and cefazolin (79.6%); and 140 isolates (79.5%) were MDR. Carbapenems and fosfomycin were the most effective antibiotics. The majority of isolates (60.8%) belonged to the phylogenic group B2. Integrons were detected in 135 (76.7%) of isolates and, class I was the most common (63.6%) class. MDR isolates were found to be significantly associated with class І integrons. These isolates were found to be closely associated with the phylogenic group D (82%), however, the presence of class І integrons was higher among MDR isolates of the phylogroup B1. This pattern is believed to be due to other mechanisms such as the overexpression of the efflux pumps. Our findings show a significant correlation between MDR and the presence of class І integron. We conclude that class 1 integron plays an important role in the development of MDR UPEC, especially among the phylogroup B1.
Experimental and theoretical analyses of the metabolic role of the 262-kb plasmid in the context of the endogenously produced antibiotic tropodithietic acid in Phaeobacter inhibens DSM 17395

Extrachromosomal elements play a crucial role in adaptation and survival of many marine bacteria in their natural habitat providing essential features and facilitating lateral gene transfer. Phaeobacter inhibens DSM 17395 carries three plasmids with advantageous functions: 65-kb (biofilm, motility), 78-kb (siderophores) and 262-kb (tropodithietic acid). The metabolic role of the 262-kb plasmid of P. inhibens DSM 17395 with a focus on biosynthesis of TDA were studied as part of this thesis applying both, non-targeted GC- and LC-MS based analyses. Experimental data were complemented by in silico analyses with the reconstructed metabolic model iPin571. Deletion of the 262-kb plasmid improved growth efficiency with only minor changes on metabolic level which can be attributed to the pipecolate oxidase-dependent lysine catabolism encoded by the plasmid. Combined metabolomics and transcriptomics showed that the wild-type strain entered stationary growth phase due to the inhibitory effect by its own produced TDA. Sufficient carbon provided by amino acids were still available in the medium. Contrary to that, the ? 262-kb plasmid-cured mutant strain was carbon-limited. Detailed analyses indicated the degradation of the storage compound polyhydroxybutanoate to produce a proposed lipoteichoic acid as a response to a starvation triggered phage. A new biosynthetic pathway for TDA was proposed based on metabolome and transcriptome data revealing an unexpected strategy for sulfur incorporation via an episulfide. Furthermore, a methylated (“pre”-) TDA was observed with a proposed associated methyltransferase, encoded on the chromosome, for conversion into TDA. Metabolic model-based analyses showed that growth efficiency for TDA-free cultivations were optimal while TDA biosynthesis decreased biomass yield and increased oxygen consumption. The major drawback is based on the inhibitory effect by the disruption of the proton gradient. Taken together, this study clearly shows that TDA production by P. inhibens DSM 17395 and some closely related strains is an advantage in its natural habitat despite the consequences for its own energy metabolism.
Torque characteristics of high torque density partitioned PM consequent pole flux switching machines with flux barriers

—Unique double salient structure of Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machines (PMFSM) with both Concentrated Armature Winding (CAW) and Permanent Magnet (PM) on stator attract researcher’s interest for high speed brushless application when high torque density ( 𝑻𝑻 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 ) and power density ( 𝑷𝑷 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 ) are the primal requirements. However, despite of stator leakage flux, high rare-earth PM usage, PMFSM is subjected to slot effects due to presence of both PM and CAW in stator and partial saturation due to double salient structure which generates cogging torque ( 𝑻𝑻 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ), torque ripples ( 𝑻𝑻 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 ) and lower average torque ( 𝑻𝑻 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 ). To overcome aforesaid demerits, this paper presents Partitioned PM (PPM) Consequent Pole Flux Switching Machine (PPM-CPFSM) with flux barriers to enhance flux modulation, curtail PM usage and diminish stator leakage flux which reduces slotting effects and partial saturation to ultimately reduces 𝑻𝑻 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 and 𝑻𝑻 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 . In comparison with the existing state of the art, proposed PPM-CPFSM reduces 46.53% of the total PM volume and offer 𝑻𝑻 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 higher up to 88.8%, suppress 𝑻𝑻 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 maximum up to 24.8%, diminish 𝑻𝑻 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 up to 22.74% and offer 2.45 times 𝑻𝑻 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 and 𝑷𝑷 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 . Furthermore, torque characteristics of proposed PPM-CPFSM is investigated utilizing space harmonics injection i.e. inverse cosine, inverse cosine with 3 rd harmonics and rotor pole shaping techniques i.e., eccentric circle, chamfering and notching. Detailed electromagnetic performance analysis reveals that harmonics injection suppressed 𝑻𝑻 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 maximum up to 83.5%, 𝑻𝑻 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 up to 40.72% at the cost of 4.71% 𝑻𝑻 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 . Finally, rotor mechanical stress analysis is utilized for rotor withstand capability and 3D-FEA based Coupled Electromagnetic-Thermal Analysis (CETA) for thermal behavior of the developed PPM-CPFSM. CETA reveals that open space along PPM act as cooling duct that improve heat dissipation.
Real-Time Feedback on Reader’s Engagement and Emotion Estimated by Eye-Tracking and Physiological Sensing

The primary goal of this study is to estimate engagement and emotion in a reading task using machine learning techniques and then to utilize the data to design a visualization tool that depicts the differences in engagement and emotion of various readers at regular intervals. A reading experiment with 20 participants and 14 documents was designed which was followed by a questionnaire to rate engagement, arousal, and valence after reading each document on a scale of 1-5. Tobii 4C eye tracker was used along with Empatica E4 wristband to collect data from participants. Different machine learning models were employed to estimate the engagement, arousal, and valence as rated by participants. A 1D-Convolutional Neural Network achieved the highest mean accuracy of 73% for engagement detection, and a Fully Convolution Network network achieved the highest mean accuracy of 66% and 64% for prediction of arousal and valence in a leave-one-participant-out cross-validation. From the evaluation results, a working prototype with an engagement gauge and emoji was developed to visualize the variations in engagement and emotion at timely intervals for each user.
Students’ Acceptance for e-Learning and the Effects of Self-Efficacy in Malaysia

The study investigated the e-Learning acceptance among Malaysian higher education students. There are three exogenous variables involved, namely, performance expectancy, social influence, and perceived enjoyment. A mediating effect of self-efficacy was correspondingly tested to build a different connection point on the research area. The target population of the study are active students of Malaysia higher education institutions. Data was collected using an online platform, and out of the 557 responses received , only a total of 414 were valid and subsequently used for data analysis. The results indicated that, performance expectancy, social influence, perceived enjoyment, and self-efficacy have a positive direct statistically significant relationships with e-Learning acceptance among students. Additionally, there was a partial mediating effect of self-efficacy between performance expectations and perceived enjoyment on e-Learning acceptance. Meanwhile, social influence was found to have no mediating effect, since there was no statistically positive relationship between social influence and self-efficacy. Students with a positive feeling about the usefulness of e-Learning tend to have a positive acceptance of the e-Learning method, and this, Lecturers and students will be benefited from this study by considering significant factors and the importance of individual self-efficacy towards achieving an excellent understanding of the lessons. Hence, it is expected that, institutions and regulatory bodies can contribute towards a more productive and acceptable learning system to improve the quality of the education to be delivered.
Physiological and biochemical analyses of novel drought-tolerant maize lines reveal osmoprotectant accumulation at silking stage

Drought is one of the most limiting factors in agricultural production worldwide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the per se response to drought stress of three maize (Zea mays L.) semi-inbred lines (CHIH, COAH, and ARZM) during the anthesis and grain filling stages. These semi-inbred lines (BC1S1) are S1 offspring of crosses between drought-tolerant maize and a high-yield line bred by the Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT). Materials were evaluated during a 15-d controlled drought and post-drought irrigation reestablishment period. The photosynthetic rate decreased by 50% in CHIH during drought and it recovered after stress was removed. Proline levels increased 2.3 times in COAH during stress and nonsignificant increases were observed in ARZM or CHIH. However, glycine betaine accumulated at 1061-1133 ng mg-1 fresh weight (FW) before stress, but decreased to 879-1000 ng mg-1 FW during drought stress. The trehalose concentration increased 1.8 times in ARZM (5.60 ng mg-1 FW) under drought stress and remained at similar levels in CHIH (6.48 ng mg-1 FW) and COAH (8.63 ng mg-1 FW) before and during drought stress. In contrast, trehalose-6-phosphate decreased 33% to 38% under drought stress in all three BC1S1 entries and recovered its initial levels after irrigation. Grain biomass loss under drought stress was 54% for ARZM, 48.2% for COAH, and only 26.5% for CHIH. These results showed that CHIH, COAH, and ARZM are drought-tolerant and suggest that osmoprotectant accumulation might play a key role in their physiological performance and grain biomass trait.
Effects of Manganese Nanoparticle Exposure on Nutrient Acquisition in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Nanoparticles are used in a variety of products, including fertilizer-nutrients and agro-pesticides. However, due to heightened reactivity of nano-scale materials, the effects of nanoparticle nutrients on crops can be more dramatic when compared to non nano-scale nutrients. This study evaluated the effect of nano manganese-(Mn) on wheat yield and nutrient acquisition, relative to bulk and ionic-Mn. Wheat was exposed to the Mn types in soil (6 mg/kg/plant), and nano-Mn was repeated in foliar application. Plant growth, grain yield, nutrient acquisition, and residual soil nutrients were assessed. When compared to the control, all Mn types significantly (p < 0.05) reduced shoot N by 9–18%. However, nano-Mn in soil exhibited other subtle effects on nutrient acquisition that were different from ionic or bulk-Mn, including reductions in shoot Mn (25%), P (33%), and K (7%) contents, and increase (30%) in soil residual nitrate-N. Despite lowering shoot Mn, nano-Mn resulted in a higher grain Mn translocation efficiency (22%), as compared to salt-Mn (20%), bulk-Mn (21%), and control (16%). When compared to soil, foliar exposure to nano-Mn exhibited significant differences: greater shoot (37%) and grain (12%) Mn contents; less (40%) soil nitrate-N; and, more soil (17%) and shoot (43%) P. These findings indicate that exposure to nano-scale Mn in soil could affect plants in subtle ways, differing from bulk or ionic-Mn, suggesting caution in its use in agriculture. Applying nano Mn as a foliar treatment could enable greater control on plant responses.
Investors with the Golden-i: Preference in Gold-i Investment

Article history: Received 2 April 2020 Accepted 13 May 2020 Published 31 May 2020 The gold price has risen recently after the United States implemented a drastic monetary action by reducing the interest rate to almost zero to cushion the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on the economy. However, what has triggered the gold price could be beyond Covid-19. Therefore, this study examines the factors influencing customers’ preference in gold investment (Gold-i). Applying a purposive sampling technique; 100 out of 110 questionnaires were usable and further analysed using SPSS v. 22. Two variables; inflation and income growth are significant while the interest rate is not significant with Gold-i preference. Since interest rate relates to the strength of US Dollar, central bank reserves and investment demand, it could be postulated that during the study in 2019, interest rate and the gold price had risen in tandem. This research further enriches knowledge and contributes to the advancement of research in gold investment, hence enabling researchers, bankers, investors, trade policymakers to understand further the investment in Gold-i during economic crises, in particular the current recession triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic.