Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ability of Muscidifurax raptorellus and Other Parasitoids and Predators to Control Drosophila suzukii Populations in Raspberries in the Laboratory

Drosophila suzukii is an invasive pest and economic threat to berry crops in Europe and the Americas. Current methods of control of this pest rely primarily on frequent applications of insecticides; therefore, there is a need for alternative control methods to reduce insecticide reliance. In this study, we evaluated the biological control potential of three parasitoid wasps: Diglyphus isaea, Muscidifurax raptorellus and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae, and four predators: Chrysoperla carnea, Dicyphus hesperus, Orius insidiosus and Podisus maculiventris. Experiments were conducted for 15 days under controlled conditions in experimental arenas with D. suzukii females and raspberries, allowing for all life stages of D. suzukii to be available to natural enemies. Results showed the first evidence of M. raptorellus’s ability to parasitize D. suzukii, resulting in a 40% reduction. Orius insidiosus, P. vindemmiae and C. carnea were also efficient, reducing D. suzukii numbers by 49%, 43% and 32%, respectively. Predator preferences for each D. suzukii life stage were assessed. The clutch size, sex ratio and adult size variability of D. suzukii pupal parasitoids were also evaluated. This study expands the list of species that can effectively parasitize D. suzukii and provides new insights into the biological responses of M. raptorellus to D. suzukii pupae.
A comparison of histomorphologic diagnosis with culture- and immunohistochemistry-based diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis

Abstract Background: Due to the low sensitivity of mould culture, clinicians usually depend on the histomorphologic diagnosis of invasive mould infection for empirical antifungal therapy. However, definite diagnosis is not always possible based on the mould morphology. We thus compared the histomorphologic diagnosis with immunohistochemistry (IHC)- and culture-based diagnosis. Methods: All adult patients who underwent tissue biopsy and in whom the histomorphologic diagnosis revealed invasive mould infection were enrolled at a tertiary hospital, Seoul, South Korea, between 1992 and 2014 (retrospectively) and 2015 and 2019 (prospectively). Their histomorphologic diagnoses were classified as two categories: (1) acute-angled branching, septate hyphae with parallel walls and a uniform width (‘morphologic aspergillosis’) and (2) right-angled branching pauciseptate, broader and ribbon-like hyphae with nonparallel walls (‘morphologic mucormycosis’). Results: A total of 113 patients were finally analysed and their histomorphologic diagnoses were classified as follows: 51 (45%) with morphologic aspergillosis, 62 (55%) with morphologic mucormycosis. Of the 51 patients with morphologic aspergillosis, 46 (90%) received the same diagnosis based on culture and/or IHC, and the remaining five (10%) gave positive IHC result for mucormycosis. Of the 62 patients with morphologic mucormycosis, 60 (97%) had the same diagnosis based on culture and/or IHC, and the remaining two (3%) yielded a positive aspergillus culture or a positive IHC result for aspergillosis, respectively. Conclusions: The majority of histomorphologic diagnoses appear to be consistent with definitive diagnoses based on sterile culture and IHC tests. However, about 10% of ‘morphologic aspergillosis’ diagnoses were mucormycosis cases.
Different Combinations of Behavior Change Interventions and Frequencies of Interpersonal Contacts Are Associated with Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam

ABSTRACT Background Social and behavior change communication interventions are integral to improving dietary and care practices, but evidence on the impact of the combination and intensity of these interventions in different contexts is scarce. Objectives We examined the extent of and factors associated with intervention exposure: interpersonal communication (IPC) alone or with other interventions (i.e., mass media, community mobilization, or nutrition-sensitive agricultural activities), number of and factors associated with IPC contacts, and combinations of intervention components and number of contacts associated with infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. Methods We used endline survey data from impact evaluations in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam (n = 1001, 1720, and 1001 mothers with children aged <2 y, respectively). Multivariable regression models were used for analyses. Results Exposure to the interventions varied in all 3 countries. On average, mothers received 8 visits in the last 6 mo in Bangladesh, 2 visits in the last 3 mo in Ethiopia, and 1 visit in the last 6 mo in Vietnam. Across countries, the factors associated with intervention exposure and number of IPC contacts differed. In Ethiopia, exposure to IPC with other interventions was associated with higher odds of achieving minimum meal frequency (OR: 1.6), minimum dietary diversity (OR: 1.8), and consumption of iron-rich foods (OR: 4.7). In Vietnam, exposure to IPC alone or with mass media was associated with higher odds of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF; OR: 2.8–3.7). Near-monthly visits were associated with 2–3 times higher odds of IYCF practices in Bangladesh and Ethiopia. In Vietnam, even 1 IPC visit was associated with 2 times higher odds of EBF. Conclusions Exposure matters for impact, but the combination of behavior change interventions and number of IPC contacts required to support IYCF behavior change are context specific. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT01678716 (Bangladesh), NCT02775552 (Ethiopia), and NCT01676623 (Vietnam).
The Smartphone Addiction Levels and the Association With Communication Skills in Nursing and Medical School Students

ABSTRACT Background The use of smartphones among young people is quite common. However, smartphones are associated with negative effects when used excessively. It has been reported that smartphone use may adversely affect learning in the classroom, cause safety issues, and negatively affect interpersonal communications. Purpose The aims of this study were to determine the level of smartphone addiction among nursing and medical school students and to examine the effect of smartphone addiction level on communication skills. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with medical school and nursing students at a public university (502 participants). Data were collected using a personal information form, the Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV), and the Communication Skills Assessment Scale. Results All of the participants in the study owned smartphones. Most (70.9%) were female, and 58.2% were in the nursing program. The participants used smartphones for a mean time of 5.07 ± 3.32 hours a day, primarily for messaging. The mean total SAS-SV score for the participants was 31.89 ± 9.90, and a significant difference in SAS-SV mean scores was found with regard to the variables of department, gender, daily smartphone use duration, academic success, status regarding smartphone use in the classroom, participation in sports, easy communication with patients and relatives, preferred mode of communication, health problems tied to phone use, and injury status (p < .05). In addition, a positive weak-to-moderate relationship was found between SAS-SV mean scores and the variables of daily smartphone use duration and years of smartphone use, whereas a negative weak relationship was found between SAS-SV mean scores and Communication Skills Assessment Scale scores. Daily smartphone use duration was found to be the most important predictor of smartphone addiction. Conclusions/Implications for Practice Higher SAS-SV scores have a negative impact on interpersonal communication and social life and reduce learning efficacy in students. Therefore, students and lecturers should be better informed regarding the benefits and risks of smartphone use in education, with precautions provided against excessive and needless use.
Microflora Recovered from Foods on Violet Red Bile Agar with and without Glucose and Incubated at Different Temperatures 1.

Counts and taxonomic distribution of typical colonies on violet red bile agar (VRB) and VRB with 1% glucose (VRBG) incubated at 45, 35, 20, 7 and 1 °C from 23 retail food samples were compared. Aerobic plate counts were also obtained at each incubation temperature. Samples included fresh meats, processed meats, frozen processed products and fresh vegetables. Overall mean VRBG counts were slightly higher than VRB counts at each incubation temperature although there was some variation according to sample type. No significant differences (p>0.05) between the two media were noted overall or for any food type. Highest counts for VRB and VRBG generally occurred at 20°C incubation followed by 35, 7, 45 and 1 °C; counts at 20 and 35°C were not significantly different (p>0.05). The taxonomic distribution of typical colonies varied according to incubation temperature and sample type but there were few differences between VRB and VRBG for a given sample and incubation temperature. At 45°C, Escherichia coli was the most frequently recovered organism from both media overall but Klebsiella pneumoniae , Erwinia herbicola or Enterobacter cloacae predominated in many samples. Serratia marcescens and Erwinia herbicola comprised the majority of isolates from both media at 35, 20, 7 and 1 °C with taxonomic diversity being greatest at 35 and 20°C.
Neurochemical correlates of scene processing in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex: A multimodal fMRI and 1H‐MRS study

Precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC) are key components of a midline network, activated during rest but also in tasks that involve construction of scene or situation models. Despite growing interest in PCu/PCC functional alterations in disease, the underlying neurochemical modulators of PCu/PCC’s task-induced activity are largely unstudied. Here, a multimodal imaging approach was applied to investigate whether inter-individual differences in PCu/PCC fMRI activity, elicited during perceptual discrimination of scene stimuli, were correlated with local brain metabolite levels, measured during resting-state 1H-MRS. Forty healthy young adult participants (12 male) completed an fMRI perceptual odd-one-out task for scenes, objects and faces. 1H-MRS metabolites N-acetyl-aspartate (tNAA), glutamate (Glx) and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA+) were quantified via PRESS and MEGA-PRESS scans in a PCu/PCC voxel and an occipital (OCC) control voxel. Whole brain fMRI revealed a cluster in right dorsal PCu/PCC that showed a greater BOLD response to scenes versus faces and objects. When extracted from an independently defined PCu/PCC region of interest, scene activity (versus faces and objects and also versus baseline) was positively correlated with PCu/PCC, but not OCC, tNAA. A complementary fMRI analysis restricted to the PCu/PCC MRS voxel area identified a significant PCu/PCC cluster, confirming the positive correlation between scene-related BOLD activity and PCu/PCC tNAA. There were no correlations between PCu/PCC fMRI activity and Glx or GABA+ levels. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that scene activity in PCu/PCC is linked to local tNAA levels, identifying a neurochemical influence on inter-individual differences in the task-driven activity of a key brain hub.
Sources of Misused Prescription Opioids and Their Association with Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in the United States: Sex and Age Differences

Abstract Background: Prescription opioid (PO) misuse and prescription opioid use disorder (POUD) are a national crisis in the USA. To inform strategies for reducing the PO epidemic, research is needed on the sources of misused POs and their association with POUD. Methods: Past-year PO misusers aged ≥12 (N = 6033) from the 2015 to 2016 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health were analyzed. The most recent source of misused POs was assessed. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between the sources of misused POs and past-year POUD. All analyses were stratified by age groups for each sex. Results: Overall, the most common sources of misused POs were obtaining from friends/relatives for free (40.27%) and physicians (36.59%). Males had a higher prevalence of buying POs from friends/relatives or drug dealers/strangers than females. Significant age differences also emerged. Buying POs from drug dealers/strangers (vs. obtaining POs free from friends/relatives) was strong predictor of past-year POUD in both sexes. In the sex- and age-stratified analyses, significant associations of past-year POUD with (1) buying from drug dealers/strangers emerged among males aged 18+ and females aged 26+; (2) buying from friends/relatives emerged among males aged 12+ and females aged 18–25; (3) obtaining from physicians emerged among males aged 18+ and females aged 26+. Conclusions: Our findings indicate different risk profiles for POUD across sex and age groups with different diversion sources. Prevention and treatment programs for POUD should be tailored to consider sex and developmental age differences in sources of opioids.
Molecular Modelling and Dynamics Study of nsSNP in STXBP1 Gene in Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy Disease

Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy (known as Ohtahara Syndrome) is one of the most severe and earliest forms of epilepsy, characterized by early seizures onset. It affects newborns and children between two and six years old. Among the genes that have been associated with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, the STXBP1 gene, which encodes the Syntaxin binding protein1a that is involved in SNARE complex formation, contributes to synaptic vesicles exocytosis. The aim of this study was to identify the most pathogenic polymorphisms of STXBP1 gene and determine their impact on the structure and stability of Stxbp1 protein. The high-risk nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the STXBP1 gene were predicted using 13 bioinformatics tools. The conservation analysis was realized by CONSURF web server. The analysis of the impact of the pathogenic SNPs on the structure of Stxbp1 protein was realized using YASARA software, and the molecular dynamics simulation was performed using GROMACS software. Out of 245 nsSNPs, we identified 11 (S42P, H103D R190W, R235G, D238E, L256P, P335S, C354Y, L365V, R406C, and G544D) as deleterious using in silico prediction tools. Conservation analysis results revealed that all these nsSNPs were located in conserved regions. The comparison of the hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions in the wild type Stxbp1 structure and its mutant forms showed that all these nsSNPs affect the protein structure on different levels. The molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the total of nsSNPs affect the protein stability, residual fluctuation, and the compaction at different levels. This study provides helpful information on high risk nsSNPs that may affect the Stxbp1 protein structure and function. Thus, these variants should be taken into consideration during the genetic screening of patients suffering from early infantile epileptic encephalopathy.
The competitive reaction time task: The development and scientific utility of a flexible laboratory aggression paradigm.

Laboratory measures play an important role in the study of aggression because they allow researchers to make causal inferences. However, these measures have also been criticized. In particular, the competitive reaction time task (CRTT) has been criticized for allowing aggression to be operationalized in multiple ways, leaving it susceptible to "p-hacking. " This article describes the development of the CRTT and the ways in which its paradigm flexibility and analytic flexibility allows it to test a wide range of hypotheses and research questions. This flexibility gives the CRTT significant scientific utility, but as with any research paradigm, comes with the obligation that it has to be used with integrity. Although safeguards exist and there is little evidence of misuse, study preregistration can increase confidence in CRTT findings. The importance of findings such as those of Hyatt et al. (in press), which provide further evidence for the validity of the CRTT, are also noted.
New Model of Automated Patient-Reported Outcomes Applied in Atrial Fibrillation

Background The value of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is increasingly recognized in patient-centered care. Longitudinal data collection may be challenging and cost prohibitive. Automation of PRO collection may complement routine clinical follow-up, especially for procedures aiming to improve quality of life, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Methods We aimed to develop a fully automated platform to collect PRO and evaluate its first clinical application in a prospective cohort of AF ablation. The duration of follow-up and data availability were assessed with automated PRO and routine follow-up versus routine follow-up alone (primary outcome). Quality of life and healthcare utilization (secondary outcomes) by PRO were assessed. Results Between 2013 and 2016, 2175 patients were eligible to receive 10 903 PRO assessment invitations, and the automated platform sent all invitations as programmed. More follow-up assessments were obtained with automated PRO and routine follow-up compared with routine follow-up alone (12 859 versus 10 248; P<0.0001) which allowed longer duration of follow-up (378 versus 217 days, 74% increase; P<0.0001). By automated PRO, a large number of disease-specific variables were collected and showed improvement in quality of life (baseline median AF symptom severity score AFSSS of 12 [6–18] and ranged between 2 and 3 on subsequent assessments; P<0.0001). This improvement was also true for each of the AFSSS individual components (P<0.0001). In PRO, there was a significant reduction in AF burden (such as frequency and duration of episodes; P<0.0001) and associated healthcare utilization (including emergency visits and hospitalizations; P<0.0001) after the ablation procedures. Conclusions A fully automated system for PRO collection enhanced clinical follow-up and allowed collection of disease-specific data when applied in a prospective cohort of AF ablation.
Defining Risk of Postoperative Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With 22q11.2DS Undergoing Pharyngeal Flap Surgery for Velopharyngeal Dysfunction Using Polysomnographic Evaluation

Objective: To determine pre- and postoperative prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) undergoing wide posterior pharyngeal flap (PPF) surgery for velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). Design: Retrospective study using pre- and postoperative polysomnography (PSG) to determine prevalence of OSA. Medical records were reviewed for patients’ medical comorbidities. Parents were surveyed about snoring. Setting: Academic tertiary care pediatric hospital. Patients: Forty patients with laboratory confirmed 22q11.2DS followed over a 6-year period. Interventions: Pre- and postoperative PSG, speech evaluation, and parent surveys. Main Outcome Measure: Severity and prevalence of OSA, defined by obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI), before and after PPF surgery to determine whether PPF is associated with increased risk of OSA. Results: Mean OAHI did not change significantly after PPF surgery (1.1/h vs 2.1/h, P = .330). Prevalence of clinically significant OSA (OAHI ≥ 5) was identical pre- and postoperatively (2 of 40), with both cases having severe-range OSA requiring positive airway pressure therapy. All other patients had mild-range OSA. Nasal resonance was graded as severe preoperatively in 85% of patients. None were graded as severe postoperatively. No single patient factor or parent-reported concern predicted risk of OSA (OAHI ≥ 1.5). Conclusions: Patients with 22q11.2DS are medically complex and are at increased risk of OSA at baseline. Wide PPF surgery for severe VPD does not significantly increase risk of OSA. Careful perioperative planning is essential to optimize both speech and sleep outcomes.
Mirror neurons and their relationship with neurodegenerative disorders

The finding of mirror neurons (MNs) has provided a biological substrate to a new concept of cognition, relating data on actions and perceptions not only to integrate perception in action planning and execution but also as a neural mechanism supporting a wide range of cognitive functions. Here we first summarize data on MN localization and role in primates, then we report findings in normal human subjects: functional magnetic resonance imaging and neurophysiological studies sustain that MNs have a role in motor learning and recognizing actions and intentions of others, and they also support an embodied view of language, empathy, and memory. Then, we detail the results of literature searching on MNs and embodied cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD)/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/Alzheimer's disease (AD). In PD the network of MN could be altered, but its hyperactivation might support motor and cognitive performances at least in early stages. In the ALS/FTD continuum, preliminary evidence points out to an involvement of the MN network, which could explain language and inter‐subjectivity deficits shown in patients affected by these clinical entities. In the MCI/AD spectrum, a few recent studies suggest a possible progressive involvement from posterior to anterior areas of the MN network, with the brain putting in place compensatory mechanisms in early stages. Reinterpreting neurodegenerative diseases at the light of the new views about brain organization stemming from the discovery of MN could help to better comprehend clinical manifestations and open new pathways to rehabilitation.
Clinically Significant Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Varied Intellectual Functioning

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate how distinct presentations of anxiety symptoms and intellectual impairment influence the measurement and estimated rate of clinically significant anxiety in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: The sample included 75 children (ages 9–13 years) with ASD and varied IQ and 52 typically developing (TD) controls and parents. Parents completed anxiety symptom scales and a diagnostic interview, designed to (1) differentiate anxiety and ASD and (2) examine DSM-specified and unspecified (“distinct”) anxiety presentations in each child, including fears of change, special interests, idiosyncratic stimuli and social confusion rather than evaluation. Children completed standard intellectual and ASD diagnostic assessments. Results: 69% of those with ASD had clinically-significant anxiety, including 21% DSM-specified anxiety disorders, 17% distinct anxiety, and 31% both. Only 8% of TD children had clinically-significant anxiety, all DSM-specified. DSM-specified anxiety disorders in children with ASD and intellectual impairment (IQ<70) were predominantly specific phobias. DSM-specified anxiety other than specific phobia was significantly less common in children with, versus without, intellectual impairment; this was not the case for distinct anxiety. The sensitivities of anxiety scales were moderate to poor, particularly in cases with intellectual impairment. Conclusions: ASD is associated with more frequent and varied presentations of clinical anxiety, which may align with and differ from the specified anxiety disorders of the DSM. Standard parent report anxiety scales have reduced sensitivity to detect clinical anxiety in ASD, particularly in children with intellectual impairment.