Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Optical Signatures of Stochastic Processes in Many-Body Exciton Scattering.

We review our recent quantum stochastic model for spectroscopic lineshapes in the presence of a coevolving and nonstationary background population of excitations. Starting from a field theory description for interacting bosonic excitons, we derive a reduced model whereby optical excitons are coupled to an incoherent background via scattering as mediated by their screened Coulomb coupling. The Heisenberg equations of motion for the optical excitons are then driven by an auxiliary stochastic population variable, which we take to be the solution of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Here, we present an overview of the theoretical techniques we have developed as applied to predicting coherent nonlinear spectroscopic signals. We show how direct (Coulomb) and exchange coupling to the bath give rise to distinct spectral signatures and discuss mathematical limits on inverting spectral signatures to extract the background density of states. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 74 is April 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
M Is D-penicillamine Safe in Management of Little Children with Kidney Cystine Stones ? A Case Series

*Corresponding Author Mastaneh Moghtaderi, MD. Associate Professor of Pediatric Nephrology, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: drmoghtaderi@gmail.com Nephrolithiasis is quite common in children. It sometimes has a genetic basis and can lead to serious complications like urinary obstruction, multiple surgical interventions, or even renal insufficiency if left treated. Cystinic stones and cystinuria account for approximately 8% of the cases of nephrolithiasis in children. We studied seven pediatric patients, 1 to 3 years old (mean age: 20.5 months), with cystinic urinary stones receiving D-penicillamine plus other drugs to dissolve the stone. All of them tolerated the treatment very well and did not show any serious complication. All of our cases were managed with Dpenicillamine that was initiated at a low dose and then increased progressively. We used low dose D-penicillamine, maximim15 mg/kg/day, which was beneficial without any specific side effects. D-penicillamine can be used safely in little children. Gradual induction and close observation with CBC, urine analysis, BUN, creatinine, and liver function tests may be required. D-penicillamine can prevent new stone formation and resolve the present cystinic calculi. Low dose D-penicillamine may be sufficient in treating cystinic calculi in children. We suggest more evaluations on the advantage of low dose Dpenicillamine in cystinuria.
Relationship between Webometrics University Rankings and Research Gate Scores, Scopus and Web of Science

Interest in academic ranking systems increased substantially in the last two decades. The majority of existing ranking systems are highly exclusive and cover up to 1500 best-positioned world universities. An exception to these ranking systems is the Webometrics ranking, which ranks more than 31000 universities throughout the world. In this study, we wanted to examine what factors best predict the Webometrics rankings. The sample for this study consisted of 102 European universities, with the Webometrics ranks ranging from 18th position to 6969th position. We examined the effects of the number of Web of Science publications, Scopus publications, and ResearchGate-related data on Webometrics ranking. Data retrieved from the academic social network site ResearchGate predicted 72% of the variance in the Webometrics ranking. The number of Scopus publications was the single best determinant of whether the university will be positioned in the top 1000 ranked universities. These results indicate the potential use of ResearchGate scores in the rankings of universities and serve as a proxy for universities’ excellence. This, in turn, can be useful to government policymakers and university leaders in creating better strategies for enhancing the reputation of universities.
http://ijere.iaescore.com Students’ learning experiences in the Communication Program from a university in the

Info 2022 This study analyzed the students’ learning experiences in the Communication Program from a university in the Philippines. A descriptive method was used in analyzing the data gathered from the researcher-made questionnaires and exit interviews of the perceived fourth year student-respondents. Using categories of students’ learning experiences, findings revealed that experiential learning and social climate contribute mostly to their best and worst experiences in the university. Furthermore, aside from problem solving and application of theories into practice, quality of lectures, and discussion, three themes surfaced particularly related to the self, faculty, and university. As learners are encouraged to actively participate in the teaching-learning process and continue to make sense of their identity in a learning environment, the higher education institutions also have equal responsibilities of providing conditions that are conducive to achieving target learning outcomes. Such conditions comprise the schools’ facilities and information technology infrastructure, and carefully designed instructional packages including quality instructional materials and competent teachers. This study provides recommendations in redesigning the Communication Program based on the students' learning
http://edulearn.intelektual.org Students’ teacher-dependency and passiveness in online learning during COVID-19

Info 2022 Online learning during COVID-19 pandemic has made teacher and students even parents busy in adapting the change. Many issues rose regarding the implementation of online learning. One of the issues is the student's teacher dependency in learning. Along with this problem, students tend to be passive in online learning. This research was conducted in a higer education context. Quantitative survey research was conducted to 656 sophomore students and 10 teachers in a college of aerospace technology in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Along with the questionnaire, an interview was held to gain the qualitative data to support the quantitive data. As the result, students tend to rely on their teachers and passive in access article
LSU Digital Commons LSU Digital Commons Bile acid sodium symporter BASS6 can transport glycolate and is Bile acid sodium symporter BASS6 can transport glycolate and is involved in photorespiratory metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana involved in photorespiratory metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

Photorespiration is an energy-intensive process that recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a toxic product of the Rubisco oxygenation reaction. The photorespiratory pathway is highly compartmentalized, involving the chloroplast, peroxisome, cytosol, and mitochondria. Though the soluble enzymes involved in photorespiration are well characterized, very few membrane transporters involved in photorespiration have been identi ﬁ ed to date. In this work, Arabidopsis thaliana plants containing a T-DNA disruption of the bile acid sodium symporter BASS6 show decreased photosynthesis and slower growth under ambient, but not elevated CO 2 . Exogenous expression of BASS6 complemented this photorespiration mutant phenotype. In addition, metabolite analysis and genetic complementation of glycolate transport in yeast showed that BASS6 was capable of glycolate transport. This is consistent with its involvement in the photorespiratory export of glycolate from Arabidopsis chloroplasts. An Arabidopsis double knockout line of both BASS6 and the glycolate/glycerate transporter PLGG1 ( bass6, plgg1 ) showed an additive growth defect, an increase in glycolate accumulation, and reductions in photosynthetic rates compared with either single mutant. Our data indicate that BASS6 and PLGG1 partner in glycolate export from the chloroplast, whereas PLGG1 alone accounts for the import of glycerate. BASS6 and PLGG1 therefore balance the export of two glycolate molecules with the import of one glycerate molecule during photorespiration. chloroform:methanol Metabolites Agilent Agilent spectra of all chromatogram peaks with electron impact mass spectrum libraries NIST08 (NIST), W8N08 (Palisade), and a custom-built database (464 unique metab-olites). All known arti ﬁ cial peaks were identi ﬁ ed and removed. To allow comparison among samples, all data were normalized to the internal standard in each chromatogram and the sample wet weight. The spectra of all chromatogram peaks were evaluated using the AMDIS 2.71 program (NIST). Metabolite concentrations were reported as concentrations relative to the internal standard (i.e., target compound peak area divided by peak area of hentriacontanoic acid): N i (relative = X i (target compound peak area) * X 2 1 IS (peak area of hentriacontanoic acid) per gram wet weight.
Disturbance growth on a NACA0008 wing subjected to free stream turbulence

Abstract The stability of an incompressible boundary layer flow over a wing in the presence of free stream turbulence (FST) has been investigated by means of direct numerical simulations and compared with the linearised boundary layer equations. Four different FST conditions have been considered, which are characterised by their turbulence intensity levels and length scales. In all cases the perturbed flow develops into elongated disturbances of high and low streamwise velocity inside the boundary layer, where their spacing has been found to be strongly dependent on the scales of the incoming free stream vorticity. The breakdown of these streaks into turbulent spots from local secondary instabilities is also observed, presenting the same development as the ones reported in flat plate experiments. The disturbance growth, characterised by its root mean squares value, is found to depend not only on the turbulence level, but also on the FST length scales. Particularly, higher disturbance growth is observed for our cases with larger length scales. This behaviour is attributed to the preferred wavenumbers that can exhibit maximum transient growth. We study this boundary layer preference by projection of the flow fields at the leading edge onto optimal disturbances. Our results demonstrate that optimal disturbance growth is the main cause of growth of disturbances on the wing boundary layer.
Experimental characterization of smooth body flow separation topography and topology on a two-dimensional geometry of finite span

Abstract A smooth body, adverse pressure gradient (APG), turbulent boundary layer (TBL) separation is experimentally studied. The geometry features canonical TBL development prior to encountering a smooth, two-dimensional convex ramp geometry of finite span onto which a streamwise APG that is fully adjustable is imposed. Both large- and small-scale separations are studied, and all data are archived on the NASA Turbulence Modeling Resource website. This paper describes the large-scale separation case with focus on the surface topography and topology of both separation and reattachment. Despite the spanwise uniform approach TBL and ramp geometry, the separation is highly three-dimensional but the reattachment is spanwise uniform. The surface flow topology is characterized by the ‘owl-face pattern of the fourth kind’ – found to be highly repeatable over multiple experiments. This ubiquitous topology has been reported for a variety of flows including inclined bodies of revolution. It is demonstrated that the APG and the secondary flow associated with the sidewall–ramp juncture is responsible for the formation of the surface separation patterns.
netANOVA: novel graph clustering technique with significance assessment via hierarchical ANOVA

Many problems in life sciences can be brought back to a comparison of graphs. Even though a multitude of such techniques exist, often, these assume prior knowledge about the partitioning or the number of clusters and fail to provide statistical significance of observed between-network heterogeneity. Addressing these issues, we developed an unsupervised workflow to identify groups of graphs from reliable network-based statistics. In particular, we first compute the similarity between networks via appropriate distance measures between graphs and use them in an unsupervised hierarchical algorithm to identify classes of similar networks. Then, to determine the optimal number of clusters, we recursively test for distances between two groups of networks. The test itself finds its inspiration in distance-wise ANOVA algorithms. Finally, we assess significance via the permutation of between-object distance matrices. Notably, the approach, which we will call netANOVA, is flexible since users can choose multiple options to adapt to specific contexts and network types. We demonstrate the benefits and pitfalls of our approach via extensive simulations and an application to two real-life datasets. NetANOVA achieved high performance in many simulation scenarios while controlling type I error. On non-synthetic data, comparison against state-of-the-art methods showed that netANOVA is often among the top performers. There are many application fields, including precision medicine, for which identifying disease subtypes via individual-level biological networks improves prevention programs, diagnosis, and disease monitoring.
Variations in microbial diversity affect the stability and function of dark fermentation bioreactors

The relationship between the taxonomic diversity and the function of microbial communities is complex. Specifically, the ecological mechanisms that drive the dynamics of microbial populations and the consequences of these dynamics on functional traits have remained elusive. Among the simplest but natural microbial communities are dark fermentation consortia, a subset of the more diverse and complex microbial communities, anaerobic digestion communities. Dark fermentation consortia have been of interest as they produce biofuels such as hydrogen and different alcohols that can be used as fossil fuels alternatives. However, these hydrogen-producing communities have unresolved instability and low yield issues. We have previously proposed that instability and low yields in dark fermentation communities could be due to reduced diversity that results from aggressive pretreatments of original anaerobic digestion communities. In this work, we used dark fermentation communities to examine experimentally the effect of diversity reduction in functional traits, including stability and microbial interactions. We established two types of treatment, (i) maintaining strict culture conditions that are known to induce hydrogen production and ii) applying a heat-shock treatment known for selecting hydrogen-producing bacteria, which resulted in two types of communities, high and low diversity. Each treatment consisted of 12 replicates that were transferred to fresh medium daily (during 28 days for the non-treated bioreactors and 61 days for the heat-shock treated bioreactors). Microbial communities of the two treatments were characterized in their function as well as resistance to invasion. Microbial composition was characterized by culture-independent 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We analyzed microbial community composition and function through time, establishing statistical relationships between bacterial groups and metabolite production. Also, we inferred the potential ecological interactions that might have been established. Results show that the replicate bioreactors for each treatment predictably shifted to a similar composition and increased and stable biogas production. The non-treated bioreactors showed less susceptibility to the invasion (with the invasive bacteria establishing only in one replicate in the non-treated bioreactors vs 6 invaded replicates of the heat-shock treated bioreactors). However, the effect observed in the non-treated bioreactor replicate where the invader bacteria established was more drastic since the invasive bacteria managed to become dominant.
α1-Adrenergic receptor–PKC–Pyk2–Src signaling boosts L-type Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 activity and long-term potentiation in rodents

The cellular mechanisms mediating norepinephrine (NE) functions in brain to result in behaviors are unknown. We identified the L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) CaV1.2 as a principal target for Gq-coupled α1-adrenergic receptors (ARs). α1AR signaling increased LTCC activity in hippocampal neurons. This regulation required protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated activation of the tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and, downstream, Src. Pyk2 and Src were associated with CaV1.2. In model neuroendocrine PC12 cells, stimulation of PKC induced tyrosine phosphorylation of CaV1.2, a modification abrogated by inhibition of Pyk2 and Src. Upregulation of LTCC activity by α1AR and formation of a signaling complex with PKC, Pyk2, and Src suggests that CaV1.2 is a central conduit for signaling by NE. Indeed, a form of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in young mice requires both the LTCC and α1AR stimulation. Inhibition of Pyk2 and Src blocked this LTP, indicating that enhancement of CaV1.2 activity via α1AR–Pyk2–Src signaling regulates synaptic strength.
Null models for the Opportunity for Selection

Crow’s ‘Opportunity for Selection’ (I=variance in relative fitness) is an important albeit controversial eco-evolutionary concept, particularly regarding the most appropriate null model(s). Here we treat this topic in a comprehensive way by considering opportunities for both fertility selection (If) and viability selection (Im) for discrete generations, both seasonal and lifetime reproductive success in age-structured species, and for experimental designs that include either a full or partial life cycle, with complete enumeration or random subsampling. For each scenario, a null model that includes random demographic stochasticity can be constructed that follows Crow’s initial formulation that I=If+Im. The two components of I are qualitatively different. Whereas an adjusted If (ΔIf) can be computed that accounts for random demographic stochasticity in offspring number, Im cannot be similarly adjusted in the absence of data on phenotypic traits under viability selection. Including as potential parents some individuals that die before reproductive age produces an overall, zero-inflated-Poisson null model. It is always important to remember that (1) Crow’s I represents only the opportunity for selection and not selection itself, and (2) the species’ biology can lead to random stochasticity in offspring number that is either overdispersed or underdispersed compared to the Poisson (Wright-Fisher) expectation.
Noradrenergic signaling in the rodent orbitofrontal cortex is required to update goal-directed actions

In a constantly changing environment, organisms must track the current relationship between actions and their specific consequences and use this information to guide decision-making. Such goal-directed behavior relies on circuits involving cortical and subcortical structures. Notably, a functional heterogeneity exists within the medial prefrontal, insular, and orbitofrontal cortices (OFC) in rodents. The role of the latter in goal-directed behavior has been debated, but recent data indicate that the ventral and lateral subregions of the OFC are needed to integrate changes in the relationships between actions and their outcomes. Neuromodulatory agents are also crucial components of prefrontal functions and behavioral flexibility might depend upon the noradrenergic modulation of prefrontal cortex. Therefore, we assessed whether noradrenergic innervation of the OFC plays a role in updating action-outcome relationships. We used an identity-based reversal task and found that depletion or chemogenetic silencing of noradrenergic inputs within the OFC rendered rats unable to associate new outcomes with previously acquired actions. Silencing of noradrenergic inputs in the medial prefrontal cortex or depletion of dopaminergic inputs in the OFC did not reproduce this deficit. Together, our results indicate that noradrenergic projections to the OFC are required to update goal-directed actions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT HIGHLIGHTS Rats learn initial action-outcome associations in an instrumental task Noradrenergic depletion in the OFC prevents the encoding and expression of these associations following reversal learning Dopaminergic depletion in the OFC does not result in behavioral deficits LC:OFC noradrenergic projections are required to update action-outcome associations IN BRIEF Cerpa et al. investigate whether noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the orbitofrontal cortex are involved in updating previously established goal-directed actions following environmental change. They find that these LC projections are required to both encode and express reversed action-outcome associations in rats.
Brain-wide connectivity map of mouse thermosensory cortices

In the thermal system, skin cooling is represented in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the posterior insular cortex (pIC). Whether S1 and pIC are nodes in anatomically separated or overlapping thermal sensorimotor pathways is unclear, as the brain-wide connectivity of the thermal system has not been mapped. We address this using functionally targeted, dual injections of anterograde viruses or retrograde tracers into S1 and pIC. Our data show that inputs to S1 and pIC originate from two non-overlapping populations, supporting the existence of parallel input pathways. While outputs from S1 and pIC were more widespread and share a number of cortical and subcortical regions, within target structures axonal projections were often separable. We observed a high degree of reciprocal connectivity with thalamic and cortical regions from both S1 and pIC, but output to the mid- and hind-brain was unidirectional. Notably, pIC showed exclusive connectivity with regions associated with thermal processing. Together, these data indicate that cutaneous thermal information is routed to the cortex via multiple, parallel streams of information which are forwarded to overlapping downstream regions for the binding of complex somatosensory percepts and integration with ongoing behavior.