Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Muscle Relaxant in Patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Objective: To compare the outcome of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus muscle relaxant for the adult patients with temporomandibular dysfunction. Material and Methods: A total of 120 patients of TMD of both genders and aged 20 to 50 years were enrolled. Subjects in group A were given oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen 400mg) twice a day. Subject of group B were given one oral diazepam (5 mg) tablet daily. At baseline, pain score was assessed. Results: Comparison of mean post-treatment visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores in both study groups showed that mean post-treatment VAS pain score was significantly less in Group A in comparison to Group-B (2.15+1.12 vs. 3.20+1.04, p<0.001). Conclusion: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen) was found to have significantly better reduction in pain scores in comparison to muscle relaxant (diazepam) among adult patients with temporomandibular dysfunction. Keywords: Ibuprofen, diazepam, temporomandibular dysfunction.
Superparamagnetic Fe3O4@CA Nanoparticles and Their Potential as Draw Solution Agents in Forward Osmosis

In this study, citric acid (CA)-coated magnetite Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@CA MNPs) for use as draw solution (DS) agents in forward osmosis (FO) were synthesized by co-precipitation and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic measurements. Prepared 3.7% w/w colloidal solutions of Fe3O4@CA MNPs exhibited an osmotic pressure of 18.7 bar after purification without aggregation and a sufficient magnetization of 44 emu/g to allow DS regeneration by an external magnetic field. Fe3O4@CA suspensions were used as DS in FO cross-flow filtration with deionized (DI) water as FS and with the active layer of the FO membrane facing the FS and NaCl as a reference DS. The same transmembrane bulk osmotic pressure resulted in different water fluxes for NaCl and MNPs, respectively. Thus the initial water flux with Fe3O4@CA was 9.2 LMH whereas for 0.45 M NaCl as DS it was 14.1 LMH. The reverse solute flux was 0.08 GMH for Fe3O4@CA and 2.5 GMH for NaCl. These differences are ascribed to a more pronounced internal dilutive concentration polarization with Fe3O4@CA as DS compared to NaCl as DS. This research demonstrated that the proposed Fe3O4@CA can be used as a potential low reverse solute flux DS for FO processes.
Enhanced surface urban heat islands due to divergent urban-rural greening trends

Satellite observations show that the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) has been increasing over the last two decades. This is often accompanied by an increased urban-rural contrast of vegetation greenness. However, the contribution of uneven vegetation trends in urban and rural areas to the trend of SUHII is unclear, due to the confounding effects of climate change and changes in man-made infrastructures and anthropogenic heat sources. Here we use a data-model fusion approach to quantify such contributions during the peak growing season. We show that the LAIdif (the urban-rural difference of leaf area index) is increasing (P< 0.05) in 189 of the selected 228 global megacities. The increasing trend of LAIdif from 2000 to 2019 accounts for about one quarter of the trend in satellite-derived SUHII, and the impact is particularly evident in places with rapid urbanization and rural cropland intensification. The marginal sensitivity of SUHII to LAIdif is the strongest in hot-humid megacities surrounded by croplands and in hot-dry megacities surrounded by mixed woody and herbaceous vegetation. Our study highlights the role of long-term vegetation trends in modulating the trends of urban-rural temperature differences.
What’s in the Water? Long-Run Effects of Fluoridation on Health and Economic Self-Sufficiency

Community water fluoridation has been named one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the 20th century for its role in improving dental health. I leverage county level variation in the timing of fluoride adoption, combined with restricted U.S. Census data that link over 29 million individuals to their county of birth, to estimate the causal effects of childhood fluoride exposure. Children exposed to community water fluoridation from age zero to five are worse off as adults on indices of economic selfsufficiency (-1.9% of a SD) and physical ability and health (-1.2% of a SD). They are also significantly less likely to graduate high school or serve in the military and more likely to be incarcerated as adults. These findings overturn existing conclusions about safe levels of fluoride exposure and its impact on adult labor market outcomes.
How to Include Economic Analysis in TMDL Allocation

The total maximum daily load approach currently used by the USEPA to restore an impaired stream by allocating allowable loads to the polluters does not mandate any economic consideration. The need for a cost-effective allocation process has long been identified but no single best way to accomplish this has yet been developed. This paper describes how the most economical load allocation scenario may be determined through an optimal placement of control measures within an agricultural watershed. The proposed optimization approach is applied to the bacterially impaired Roses Creek watershed located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The cost-effectiveness relationships were established for vegetative buffer strips, streamside fencing, pet waste management, and septic system repair and installation to illustrate the methodology. Similar relationships may be established for other control measures provided their load reduction efficiencies are known.
Electroencephalography decoding of Chinese characters in primary school children and its prediction for word reading performance and development

Word recognition is a fundamental skill to reading comprehension (Zhang et al., 2012) which is important to academic, career, and life success. The development of word reading expertise and the corresponding neural network is an important issue in developmental cognitive neuroscience. In the present study, we focused on early neural markers of Chinese character recognition. Predicting current and future behavior from brain features has been argued to be an initial and important step in neuroscience Received: 29 October 2019 | Revised: 12 October 2020 | Accepted: 30 October 2020 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13060
Flood risk assessment: role of mitigation capacity in spatial flood risk mapping

Abstract Globally, the frequency, intensity, and damage rate of floods have increased extensively in the last few decades. The present study proposes a spatial-based multi-criteria approach integrating mitigation capacity to map the degree of flood risk. Flood risk is calculated considering 14 relevant factors under three risk components. Thematic layers were ranked through fuzzy membership functions, and risk components were prepared using fuzzy overlay operation. To make a comparison, first, we calculated risk with mitigation capacity and later without it. Results exhibit, without mitigation capacity around 67% of the study area is exposed to high flood risk, while after integrating mitigation capacity flood risks decreased to 62%. Moreover, validation evaluation suggests risk map integrating mitigation capacity is more accurate (82%) than the risk map without it (79%). Therefore, the developed integrated risk mapping approach is more efficient to assess flood risk, and can be implemented by policymakers in similar environments.
Potential use of lemongrass essential oil as fungicide against Aspergillus brasiliensis and as post-harvest protectant of wheat

Fungi are among the main responsible for damage and loss in stored grains, its control has been done through synthetic substances, which are harmful to man and the environment. Brazil, one of the leading countries in agriculture, has optimal environmental conditions for the development of mycotoxigenic fungi. Most of the synthetic chemicals used as preservatives have often been realized to be toxic to humans and also cause adverse environmental effects. Thus, it is necessary to search for alternative methods of controlling. In this study the aimed was to evaluate the efficacy of lemongrass essential oil in the control of the Aspergillus brasiliensis. In vitro and serial microdilution tests were carried out at different concentrations of essential oil and citral, which corresponds to 72% of the total oil composition. Inhibition of fungal growth on contaminated wheat grain was evaluated. The in vitro test results showed that the essential oil has fungicidal potential at concentrations from 0.6 μL mL-1, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined at 0.8 μL mL-1. The tests with citral showed fungal control at concentrations from 0.6 μL mL-1 onwards. For wheat grain, fungal growth inhibition was obtained at the concentration of 1.6 μL mL-1. The essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus showed fungicidal activity against the fungus Aspergillus brasiliensis.
Detecting Atrial Fibrillation in ICU Telemetry data with Weak Labels

State of the art techniques for creating ML models in healthcare often require large quantities of clean, labelled data. However, many healthcare organizations lack the capacity to generate the large-scale annotations required to create and validate reliable labels. In this paper, we demonstrate how raw data from an information-rich area of care can be exploited without the need for mass manual annotation via the use of weak labels. We evaluate the
The African

This study aimed to apply the meta-analysis methodology to systematically synthesize results of primary studies to discover the main significant factors influencing student acceptance of massive open online courses (MOOCs) for open distance learning (ODL). An abundance of studies on MOOCs exists, but there is a lack of meta-analysis research on student acceptance of MOOCs, which is a novel contribution of the current study. The meta-analysis methodology was applied to investigate effect sizes, statistical heterogeneity, and publication bias across 36 primary studies involving 14233 participating students. The study findings show satisfaction to be the main significant factor influencing student acceptance of MOOCs. The findings can enlighten stakeholders in the decision-making process of implementing MOOCs for ODL and advance technology acceptance models. Moreover, this study has the potential to theoretically contribute to technology acceptance research by situating the widely known technology acceptance models in the context of education.
Apparent age and gender differences in survival optimism: To what extent are they a bias in the translation of beliefs onto a percentage scale?

A standard way to elicit expectations asks for the percentage chance an event will occur. Previous research demonstrates noise in reported percentages. The current research models a bias; a five percentage point change in reported probabilities implies a larger change in beliefs at certain points in the probability distribution. One contribution of my model is that it can parse bias in beliefs from biases in reports. I reconsider age and gender differences in Subjective Survival Probabilities (SSPs). These are generally interpreted as differences in survival beliefs, e.g., that males are more optimistic than females and older respondents are more optimistic than younger respondents. These demographic differences (in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing) can be entirely explained by reporting bias. Older respondents are no more optimistic than younger respondents and males are no more optimistic than females. Similarly, in forecasting, information is obscured by taking reported percentages at face value. Accounting for reporting bias thus better exploits the private information contained in reports. Relative to a face-value specification, a specification that does this delivers improved forecasts of mortality events, raising the pseudo R-squared from less than 3 percent to over 6 percent.
The Effect OF Audit Committee Characteristics ( Committee Size , Committee Independence , Committee Gender Diversity ,Committee Frequency Of Meetings On Jordanian Firm Performance TQ

This paper seeks to investigate the effect of audit committee characteristics on the company’s performance. The sample consists of 198 non-financial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over the period 2010-2020. The results of the study show that the audit committee size, independence and gender diversity have a significant positive relationship with firm’s performance TQ whereas experience and frequency of meetings has an insignificant association. The results of the study could be beneficial for managers and boards in making suitable choices about audit committee characteristics and corporate governance mechanisms to enhance the company’s performance. The study gives policy makers a better understanding of the different characteristics required of an audit committee, for incorporation in future policy preparation to protect the shareholders’ interests. The relationship between audit committee characteristics and company performance is still ambiguous. This study contributes to the literature by identifying the role of audit committee characteristics in company performance, providing evidence for the view that performance is driven by specific audit committee characteristics.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN L2 LITERACY ACQUISITION PREDICTING READING SKILL FROM SENSITIVITY TO REGULARITIES BETWEEN ORTHOGRAPHY, PHONOLOGY, AND SEMANTICS

Statistical learning (SL) approaches to readingmaintain that proficient reading requires assimilation of rich statistical regularities in the writing system. Reading skills in developing first-language readers are predicted by individual differences in sensitivity to regularities in mappings from orthography to phonology (O-P) and semantics (O-S), where good readers rely more on O-P consistency, and less on O-S associations. However, how these regularities are leveraged by second-language (L2) learners remains an open question. We utilize an individual-differences approach, measuring L2 English learners’ sensitivity to O-P, O-S, and frequency during wordnaming, across two years of immersion.We show that reliance onO-P is leveraged by better readers, while reliance on O-S is slower to develop, characterizing less proficient readers. All factors explain substantial individual variance in L2 reading skills. These findings show how SL plays a key role in L2 reading development through its role in assimilating sublexical regularities between print and speech.
Patterns of Mental Health and their Associations with Spirituality in Women Exposed to Adversity

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are independently associated with negative psychological outcomes. Spirituality has been linked to positive outcomes. The present study interviewed 183 women exposed to recent IPV and/or living with HIV. Latent profile analysis was used to identify patterns of mental health (depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress) and examine their associations with spirituality. Four profiles emerged: Very Low Distress, Low Distress, High Average Distress, and Very High Distress. Women in the Very Low and Low Distress groups reported higher spirituality than women in the High Average and Very High Distress groups. Findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the varying levels of mental health distress among women exposed to physical and socioemotional adversities and connecting these experiences to spirituality. Findings may contribute to the development of novel interventions aimed at improving mental health among women exposed to adversity by emphasizing benefits of incorporating spirituality.
Impact of ISO 9000 certification on training and development activities: An exploratory study

The push for ISO 9000 certification in Singapore can be viewed as a positive step towards enhancing training and development activities in the certified companies. This exploratory study examined the nature and extent of impact of ISO 9001 certification on training and development activities of organizations operating in Singapore. A survey approach was adopted. The respondents were asked to indicate the nature and extent of human resource development (HRD) activities three years before and three years after ISO certification. They were also asked to indicate whether the changes, if any, were due to the certification only or other reasons. The findings indicated improvements in training needs analysis, training design, training delivery, training evaluation and HRD activities in the sample organizations. The small sample size has constrained the authors’ ability to generalize the findings. Researchers interested in the topic may like to request a copy of the survey instrument that was used in this study and carry out similar studies in other ISO member countries to validate (or disprove) the findings of this study.
Implementation of the DeLone and McLean Information System Success Models for Information Systems Based on Social Media

: In the new normal situation of the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of the Tourism Information System, in this case Instagram @indtravel, is focused on meeting users' needs for information about tourism that cannot be done offline because social restrictions are still in effect. Optimizing Instagram @indtravel is one of the Tourism Ministry’s efforts to rise from the downturn due to the decrease in the number of tourist visits and also the room occupancy rate for almost all of 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic by holding a series of virtual activities as well as updating information on destinations and events. This research is explanatory research using a descriptive quantitative analysis approach with data sources obtained of questionnaires distributed online because they are still in a limiting condition due to the Covid-19 pandemic using simple random sampling on 368 samples from a population of active users who access Instagram @indtravel During the new normal period, Covid-19 totaled 4,620 people out of 660,000 followers with an engagement of 0.7% in early January 2021, which was obtained by using the Slovin formula with data analysis techniques using path analysis . The results showed that system quality, information quality and service quality had a positive effect on user satisfaction and net benefits, user satisfaction had a positive effect on net benefits, system quality had no effect on net benefits through user satisfaction, information quality had no effect on net benefits through user satisfaction, and service quality affects the net benefit through user satisfaction .
DETERMINATION OF LC50 OF FRESHWATER FISH, (TILIPIA MOSSAMBICUS) WHEN EXPOSED IN ZINC

The fishes were exposed in different concentration of zinc for different time intervals to study of lethal toxicity of zinc. The lethal concentration prepared from the stock solution (0.2mg,0.4mg/lit, 0.6mg/lit & 0.8mg/lit respectively). the fishes was exposed in 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 & 0.8mg/lit for 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 96 hrs. The highest mortality was observed in 48 hrs followed by 96 hrs. The LC50 value was 0.190 mg/lit for 72 hrs.Consequently we observed and record all morphological & behavioral changes after each successive time intervals. Index Terms Zinc, Tilapia mossambicus, lethal Concentration, morphological behavioral changes.
Eye-tracking evidence for fixation asymmetries in verbal and numerical quantifier processing

When people are given quantified information (e.g., ‘there is a 60% chance of rain’), the format of quantifiers (i.e., numerical: ‘a 60% chance’ vs. verbal: ‘it is likely’) might affect their decisions. Previous studies with indirect cues of judgements and decisions (e.g., response times, decision outcomes) give inconsistent findings that could support either a more intuitive process for verbal than numerical quantifiers or a greater focus on the context (e.g., rain) for verbal than numerical quantifiers. We used two pre-registered eye-tracking experiments (n(1) = 148, n(2) = 133) to investigate decision-making processes with verbal and numerical quantifiers. Participants evaluated multiple verbally or numerically quantified nutrition labels (Experiment 1) and weather forecasts (Experiment 2) with different context valence (positive or negative), and quantities (‘low’, ‘medium’, or ‘high’ in Experiment 1 and ‘possible’, ‘likely’, or ‘very likely’ in Experiment 2) presented in a fully within-subjects design. Participants looked longer at verbal than numerical quantifiers, and longer at the contextual information with verbal quantifiers. Quantifier format also affected judgements and decisions: in Experiment 1, participants judged positive labels to be better in the verbal compared to the equivalent numerical condition (and to be worse for negative labels). In Experiment 2, participants decided on rain protection more for a verbal forecast of rain than the equivalent numerical forecast. The results fit the explanation that verbal quantifiers put more focus on the informational context than do numerical quantifiers, rather than prompting more intuitive decisions.
Comparative Study of the Extraction Methods for the Instrumental Analysis of Bee Propolis

As a natural resinous substance collected by honeybees from buds and exudates of trees, propolis is used by bees as a glue, general-purpose sealer, and draught extruder for beehives. In this paper, different extraction methods were employed to compare their efficiency in the extraction of bee propolis samples. The methods employed using ethanol as a solvent were the following: soaking method, ultrasonication method, and microwave method. Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) and spectroscopic methods such as absorbance and fluorescence were utilized to determine the amount of phenolic compounds extracted and compare each extraction's efficiency method. Results showed samples obtained from ultrasonication and microwave methods gave the highest yields. Both methods can be performed within a short time in comparison to the soaking method.
Dilatant stresses at the interface of granular fills and geogrid strip reinforcements

Design guidelines for geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls recommend the use of densely compacted granular soils as select fills. The prevailing construction practices employ two reinforcement layouts. In one, geosynthetics are laid out continuously throughout the length of reinforced area (sheet reinforcement): this layout is usually associated with wrap-around and modular block-type facing units. In the other, geosynthetics are laid out discretely (strip reinforcement): this is usually associated with panel-type facing units. These two reinforcement layouts interact differently with densely compacted granular fills, which are inherently dilatant. Sheet reinforcement corresponds to a free dilatancy condition whereas strip reinforcement corresponds to a restrained dilatancy condition. The effect of restrained dilatancy results in an increase in normal stresses or mobilization of dilatant stresses at the soil–reinforcement interface during reinforcement pullout and in turn generates additional localized comp.