Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identi cation of New Keynesian Phillips Curves from a Global Perspective

This paper is concerned with the estimation of New Keynesian Phillips Curves (NKPC) and focusses on two issues: the weak instrument problem and the characterisation of the steady states. It proposes some solutions from a global perspective. Using a global vector autoregressive model (GVAR) steady states are estimated as long-horizon expectations and valid instruments are constructed from the global variables as weighted averages. The proposed estimation strategy is illustrated using estimates of the NKPC for 8 developed industrial countries. The GVAR generates global factors that are valid instruments and help alleviate the weak instrument problem. The steady states also reect global inuences and any long-run theoretical relationships that might prevail within and across countries in the global economy. The GVAR measure of the steady state performed better than the HP measure, and the use of foreign instruments substantially increased the precision of the estimates of the output coe¢ cient. Keywords: Steady States, Long Horizon Expectations, Global VAR, identi cation, New Keynesian Phillips Curve, Trend-Cycle Decomposition. JEL Classi cation: C32, E17, F37, F42. For Stephane Dees, the views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reect the views of the European Central Bank or the Eurosystem. The other authors are grateful to the European Central Bank for nancial support. We are also grateful for helpful comments from the Editor, two anonymous referees, Alex Al-Haschimi, Andreas Beyer, Alex Chudik, Huw Dixon, Luca Fanelli, Adrian Pagan and participants at various conferences where earlier versions were presented.
Exploring Adolescent Pregnancy Expectations in Continuity of Midwifery Care: A Qualitative Study in Indonesia

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy presents a significant challenge to global reproductive health, including in Indonesia. The unique obstacles that young pregnant women encounter when seeking appropriate and supportive healthcare services call for a deeper understanding to improve maternal care. Purpose: This study aims to explore the expectations of young pregnant women regarding continuous midwifery care in Indonesia. Method: This research employed an exploratory qualitative approach, conducting 13 face-to-face interviews between January and June 2022. Participants included midwives, young mothers, a coordinating midwife, and Mother and Child Health (MCH) program holders. Interviews, lasting 1-1.5 hours, were conducted, and the interview data were rigorously analyzed thematically by the research team, strengthening data reliability through triangulation. Results: Continuity management emphasizes friendly service, privacy, clear communication, and comprehensive health assessments. Informational continuity involves comprehensive information, direct communication, attractive aids, and health education evaluation. Relational continuity highlights comprehensive maternal care, family tradition approval, reminders, and efficient care. The study underscores the importance of tailored, holistic, and culturally sensitive midwifery care for young pregnant women's overall well-being. Conclusion: This study highlights adolescent pregnant women's unique needs, focusing on continuity management, informational continuity, and relational continuity. Proposed strategies include tailored health services, comprehensive maternal education, cultural sensitivity training for healthcare providers, policy integration, and diverse research. Successfully implementing these measures can significantly enhance maternal care outcomes for Indonesian adolescents.
Descriptive Study: Student Learning Motivation in Learning Physics of Renewable Energy Materials

Purpose of the study: This research aims to describe student motivation in learning physics about renewable energy materials. Methodology: This type of research uses descriptive research with the data used being quantitative. Data collection used a physics learning motivation questionnaire instrument for students. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling with a total sample in this study of 60 high school students. Data analysis used descriptive statistics assisted by SPSS. Main Findings: Based on the results of student motivation questionnaire data obtained from Jambi City 2 High School and Triam Udom Suksa School, there were 60 respondents, namely an average score of 73.80. Next, the middle value (median) is 73. Then the minimum value is 56. And the maximum value is 94. The implication of this research is that by using a comprehensive and nuanced approach, this research aims to explain the factors that influence student motivation in certain academic domains. This investigation examines various elements such as curriculum design, teaching methodology, and the relevance of renewable energy materials in the learning process. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research is that the descriptive study pioneers exploration into the previously uncharted area of student learning motivation in physics, specifically focusing on the renewable energy materials domain. This research can be a means to improve physics teaching in the classroom
Bacterial wilt and dissemination factors in tomato production areas of Benin, West Africa

Abstract Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major constraint for tomato production in Benin. Through this research, the distribution and incidence of bacterial wilt and its dissemination factors in tomato fields were assessed. Identification of isolates were based on morphological characterization of colonies, hypersensitivity, and pathogenicity tests. Dissemination factors were analysed through a binomial logit model. Bacterial wilt was widespread in all Benin’s eight Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs), and mostly severe in AEZs dominated by ferralitic soils where its highest incidence was up to 100%. Other variables such as post-harvest crop residues plowed into soils, rotation practices, use of mineral fertilizer, watering practices, use of the same tools in many fields, positively influenced the probability of bacterial wilt infection in tomato fields. Dissemination of R. solanacearum is more favorited by women agricultural practices than men. Farmer’s awareness on good agricultural practices could help to reduce the pressure of the disease.
Context Sketching for Memory-efficient Graph Representation Learning

Graph representation learning (GRL) is fundamental in multi-graph applications like molecular property prediction. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a popular method for GRL. However, existing GRL methods primarily focus on designing GNN models with enhanced expressiveness while overlooking the memory efficiency of algorithms during training. The memory inefficiency problem is caused by a contextual constraint imposed on node representations, which requires each node to be context-dependent on its input graph. In this paper, we propose a novel method, called context sketching (COS), for memory-efficient graph representation learning in multi-graph scenarios. We first formally define the contextual constraint based on the enclosed $\infty-$hop subgraphs of nodes. Subsequently, we propose to relax the original contextual constraint by requiring each node to be context-dependent on its enclosed $k-$hop subgraph $(k \ll \infty)$ which is a contextual sketch of the enclosed $\infty$-hop subgraph. Lastly, we prove that COS constructs an optimal solution to a memory-related objective associated with graph coarsening. Experiments on four widely used benchmark datasets demonstrate that COS can reduce the memory footprint of baselines by a large margin with almost no accuracy loss.
Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from House Flies and Compared with Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Children with Diarrhea

House flies carry many disease-causing bacteria. Through this study, we will find the relationship between house flies and bacteria that cause diarrhea in children. A total of three hundred and fifty flies were collected from (butchers, chicken and fish shops, markets, house and hospitals) and 200 samples were collected from children with diarrhea from each of Shatrah and Nasiriyah Governorate during the research period from July 2022 to January 2023 in Thi-Qar Governorate. The current study showed that 126 (36.0 %) of the flies carried bacteria, while 224 (64.0 %) of them did not contain bacteria. The current study showed that the percentage of high isolated bacteria was from the internal content of flies (8.71%), followed by(5.57%), on the external surface of flies. the present study showed the high isolated bacteria were from butcher (4.29%), following in hospital (4.0%),while the lowest isolated bacteria from flies collected from houses( 2.86%), The current study showed that the most isolated bacteria is E. coli with a percentage of( 24.3%), followed by S. aureus (17.0%), followed by Klebsiella. spp (13.15%), while the least isolated bacteria is Micrococcus (3.94%). When comparing the bacteria present in flies with the bacteria isolated from pediatric patients with diarrhea, these bacteria, the current study showed that the predominant bacteria was Escherichia coli from diarrhea with a percentage of (44.63%), and Escherichia coli was (36.27%) in the dominant flies. Staphylococcus aureus in flies followed (25.49%)
Development of Energy use Benchmark Data with Respect to Locations, Housing Types, and Gross Area from Household Energy Panel Survey in Korea

There is currently no benchmark data that can be used to compare the energy consumption characteristics of residential buildings in South Korea. In this study, through national open-data analysis, a series of benchmark data generation processes have been demonstrated. The main features of the data development are; 1) utilizing statistically processed microdata for secure representativeness of the data; 2) employing a prototypical building concept for detailed benchmark data development to elucidate various building characteristics; 3) using key variables that cause fundamental differences in energy consumption. The results represent energy consumption characteristics with respect to regions, housing types, and net usable area.
More than words: Word predictability, prosody, gesture and mouth movements in natural language comprehension

The natural ecology of human language is face-to-face interaction, comprising cues, like co-speech gestures, mouth movements and prosody, tightly synchronized with speech. Yet, this rich multimodal context is usually stripped away in experimental studies as the dominant paradigm focuses on speech alone. We ask how these audio-visual cues impact brain activity during naturalistic language comprehension, how they are dynamically orchestrated and whether they are organized hierarchically. We quantify each cue in video-clips of a speaker and we used a well-established electroencephalographic marker of comprehension difficulties, an event-related potential, peaking around 400ms after word-onset. We found that multimodal cues always modulated brain activity in interaction with speech, that their impact dynamically changes with their informativeness and that there is a hierarchy: prosody shows the strongest effect followed by gestures and mouth movements. Thus, this study provides a first snapshot into how the brain dynamically weights audiovisual cues in real-world language comprehension.
Breakup modes of the drops suspended in a vertical wind tunnel in presence of the horizontal electric field

The influence of strong horizontal electric field (EH) on different stages of deformation and eventual breakup of the large water drops of 6.6, 7.0, and 7.25 mm diameter has been observed in a vertical wind tunnel using high‐speed photography. Dumbbell, filament, and bag modes of drop breakup are observed when EH = 0. However, drops elongate in horizontal direction, mostly develop sharp curvature at their ends, eject a fine jet spray of tiny droplets, and ultimately break up into several droplets in EH = 500 kV m−1. Extreme elongation up to 29 mm is observed for a 7.0 mm diameter drop. Results show that the breakup time, i.e., the time from the drop's extreme prolate shape to its breakup in its final oscillation, ranges from 13 to 41 ms when EH = 0 and 57–105 ms when EH = 500 kV m−1. So although the lifetime of the drop since its suspension to breakup is reduced, its elongation and breakup time increase in EH. It suggests that the effect of EH in final oscillation before breakup overcomes the effect of hydrodynamic and aerodynamic forces in elongating the drop. Also, no breakup of bag type is observed in EH = 500 kV m−1. Moreover, the fragments formed after the drop breakup and tiny droplets ejected by their fragments carry electrical charges of polarity determined by the induced charge on the parent drop in EH. The significance of the results is discussed in modifying the drop growth and the radar echo‐precipitation relationships in thunderclouds.
Neogene paleoenvironments of the Bocas del Toro Basin, Panama

Outcrops of upper Miocene to upper Pliocene sediments in the Bocas del Toro Basin, Caribbean coast of western Panama, contain a record of the emergence of the southern Central American isthmus. Paleodepths and characteristics of past sedimentary regimes within the basin were determined from benthic foraminiferal species assemblages. The present Valiente Peninsula shallowed from upper bathyal depths of about 300–500 m to outer neritic depths of 150–200 m between latest Miocene (5.6–6.5 Ma) and middle Pliocene (3.5–3.6 Ma) times. Outer neritic assemblages from about 100–150 m paleodepth on the island of Escudo de Veraguas indicate negligible emergence through the late Pliocene, and their present sea-level altitude suggests rapid Quaternary shallowing. Middle neritic foraminiferal assemblages of Cayo Agua island shallowed from depths of about 40–80 m to 20–40 m between early (4.5–5.0 Ma) and middle (3.5–3.6 Ma) Pliocene times. Cayo Agua assemblages indicate establishment of a carbonate regime in the southwestern Caribbean region prior to complete closure of the Caribbean–East Pacific seaway around 3.5 Ma.
Machine Learning-Based Fuzz Testing Techniques: A Survey

Fuzz testing is a vulnerability discovery technique that tests the robustness of target programs by providing them with unconventional data. With the rapid increase in software quantity, scale and complexity, traditional fuzzing has revealed issues such as incomplete logic coverage, low automation level and insufficient test cases. Machine learning, with its exceptional capabilities in data analysis and classification prediction, presents a promising approach for improve fuzzing. This paper investigates the latest research results in fuzzing and provides a systematic review of machine learning-based fuzzing techniques. Firstly, by outlining the workflow of fuzzing, it summarizes the optimization of different stages of fuzzing using machine learning. Specifically, it focuses on the application of machine learning in the preprocessing phase, test case generation phase, input selection phase and result analysis phase. Secondly, it mentally focuses on the optimization methods of machine learning in the process of mutation, generation and filtering of test cases and compares and analyzes its technical principles. Furthermore, it analyzes the performance gains brought by applying machine learning techniques to fuzzing, mainly including coverage, vulnerability detection capability, efficiency and effectiveness of test cases. Lastly, it concludes by summarizing the challenges and difficulties in combining machine learning with fuzzing and presents prospects for future trends in this field.
Melt onset over Arctic sea ice controlled by atmospheric moisture transport

The timing of melt onset affects the surface energy uptake throughout the melt season. Yet the processes triggering melt and causing its large interannual variability are not well understood. Here we show that melt onset over Arctic sea ice is initiated by positive anomalies of water vapor, clouds, and air temperatures that increase the downwelling longwave radiation (LWD) to the surface. The earlier melt onset occurs; the stronger are these anomalies. Downwelling shortwave radiation (SWD) is smaller than usual at melt onset, indicating that melt is not triggered by SWD. When melt occurs early, an anomalously opaque atmosphere with positive LWD anomalies preconditions the surface for weeks preceding melt. In contrast, when melt begins late, clearer than usual conditions are evident prior to melt. Hence, atmospheric processes are imperative for melt onset. It is also found that spring LWD increased during recent decades, consistent with trends toward an earlier melt onset.
Composition et abondance du zooplancton en situation d'eutrophisation dans un secteur côtier du golfe d'Annaba (Algérie)

Le secteur ouest du golfe d'Annaba est une frange cotiere soumise a la fois aux influences des apports continentaux et aux intrusions d'eaux neritiques externes. Le suivi du zooplancton a ete mene entre fevrier et octobre 1992 dans 4 stations. Conjointement, les variations des facteurs hydrologiques, des teneurs en sels nutritifs et en chl. a phytoplanctonique ont ete etudiees. Les fortes concentrations en sels nutritifs et en chlorophylle a expriment une situation d'eutrophisation qui s'intensifie en periode de confinement hydrologique estival et s'ordonne selon un gradient sud-nord. Dans ces conditions, le zooplancton developpe des populations denses (17 461-202 085 ind. . m -3 ), constituees principalement de taxons microphages: Copepodes, Tintinnides, Appendiculaires et Cladoceres. Les Copepodes representes par 73 especes sont largement domines par les populations cotieres (Acartia discaudata mediterranea, A. clausi, Euterpina acutifrons, Oithana nana, Paracalanus parvus et Centropages kroyeri). Lorsque l'environnement physique change en periode de brassage, les especes d'eaux neritiques externes et oceaniques penetrent dans le secteur en faibles abondances et tendent a augmenter l'indice de diversite. En revanche, le peuplement se reduit en ete a une dizaine d'especes dominees par les populations d'eaux cotieres eutrophes. Les Tintinnides sont abondants en toutes saisons et forment une fraction importante du zooplancton. Favella serrata se manifeste par des explosions demographiques et accompagne les poussees phytoplanctoniques d'avril et d'aout. Les Cladoceres ne sont frequents qu'a partir de l'ete comme la plupart des elements meroplanctoniques.
Extracting latent variables from forecast ensembles and advancements in similarity metric utilizing optimal transport

This study presents a novel methodology for extracting latent variables from high-dimensional sparse data, particularly emphasizing spatial distributions such as precipitation distribution. This approach utilizes multidimensional scaling (MDS) with a distance matrix derived from a new similarity metric, the Unbalanced Optimal Transport Score (UOTS). UOTS eﬀectively captures discrepancies in spatial distributions while preserving physical units. This similar to mean absolute error however it considers location errors, providing robust measures crucial for understanding diﬀerences between observations, forecasts, and ensembles. Density estimation of these latent variables enhances the analytical utility, quantifying ensemble characteristics. The adaptability of the method to spatiotemporal data and its ability to handle errors suggest its potential as a promising tool for diverse research applications beyond spatial analysis in meteorology
Upper Reaches of the Bay of Fundy

Concentrations of dissolved nitrate, silicate, and phosphate in water flooding intertidal sediments at Pecks Cove and along the axis of Cumberland Basin, Bay of Fundy were measured throughout the year. Exchanges of dissolved nutrients between intertidal sediments and overlying water were measured by enclosing water in chambers over undisturbed sediment. Nitrate concentrations in the water usually decreased during incubations while silicate was released by sediments during summer and consumed during fall. Particles which settled in sediment traps exposed during periods of high tide were stirred in filtered seawater to measure nutrient exchange. The flux of nutrients between the intertidal sediments and settled particles and seawater was estimated from incubation experiments and the observed nitrogen content in surface sediments and suspended particulate material. There was a net import of dissolved nitrate and silicate into Cumberland Basin from Chignecto Bay during early summer, at all other times there was a net export. Despite the low primary productivity and rigorous physical environment, biological activity has a measurable impact on dissolved nutrient concentrations in the waters of
Argolic Acid A and Argolic Methyl Ester B, Two New Cyclopentano-monoterpenes Diol from Nepeta Argolica

Two new cyclopentanomonoterpenes, argolic acid A (1) and argolic methyl ester B (2), in addition to four known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Nepeta argolica subsp. argolica. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy.
A Theory of Stock Exchange Competition and Innovation: Will the Market Fix the Market?

Will stock exchanges innovate to address latency arbitrage and the arms race for speed? This paper models how exchanges compete in the modern electronic era and how this shapes incentives for market design innovation. In the status quo, exchange trading fees are competitive while exchanges earn economic rents from selling speed. These rents create a wedge between private and social incentives to innovate, and support the persistence of an ineﬃcient market design in equilibrium of a market design adoption game. We discuss implications for policy and insights for the literatures on market design, innovation, and platforms.
Environmental quality and macroeconomic phenomenon

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the influence of economic growth, industrialization, government spending, and environmental taxes on environmental quality as well as the influence of environmental quality, unemployment, and inflation on Indonesia’s economic growth. This condition is important to maintain environmentally friendly economic development to achieve sustainable development. METHODS: The study was conducted using simultaneous equation model analysis considering classical assumption tests such as normality tests, granger causality and heteroscedasticity. This study data began in 2015 to 2021 in 34 provinces in Indonesia. In this study, the determinants of environmental quality used were industrialization, government spending and environmental taxes, whereas those of economic growth were unemployment and inflation. FINDINGS: The results of the study indicate that economic growth, industrialization, government spending and environmental taxes have a significant effect on Indonesia’s environmental quality. Collectively, these determinants account for 22.18 percent of the variance. However, environmental quality and unemployment do not have a significant effect on Indonesia’s economic growth. Meanwhile, inflation has a significant effect on economic growth. Simultaneously, the influence of the determinants of economic growth is 33.52 percent. CONCLUSION: Economic growth, industrialization, government spending and environmental taxes have a significant influence on Indonesia’s environmental quality. On the other hand, environmental quality and unemployment do not have a significant effect on Indonesia’s economic growth. Meanwhile, inflation has a significant effect on economic growth. The policies suggested, include the following 1) the government must be able to maintain environmental quality while still encouraging economic growth, implemented by creating an environmentally sound growth concept or applying the green economic concept to harmonize growth and the environment;