Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root and Canal Configuration of Mandibular First Molars in a Yemeni Population: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography

Objective: To describe root and canal morphology of mandibular first molars (MFMs) in a Yemeni population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 500 right and left untreated MFMs with fully developed roots from 250 Yemenis (125 male and 125 female) comprised the sample size of this study. The following characteristics were recorded: (1) number of roots and their type and morphology, (2) number of canals orifices per root, (3) type of canal configuration and (4) primary variations in the morphology of the root and canal systems. Results: 96.8% of MFMs are double-rooted. A third root was found in 3.2%, more in females than males. Mesial root was mainly ribbon-shaped (92.2%) and distal root was kidney-shaped in 56.2%. Two canals orifices were found in mesial root of 95.8% and one canal orifice was found in distal root of 96.4%. Vertucci type II canal configuration was the most frequent (57%), followed by type IV (35.6%) in mesial root. Type III canal configuration was the most prevalent (48.8%), followed by type I (41%) in distal root. Variant 3 represented the most common root and canal morphology (89.8%). Conclusion: MFMs in Yemeni population are mainly two-rooted with 3.2% having a supernumerary distolingual root. Cross section of mesial root was mainly ribbon-shaped and distal root was kidney-shaped. Vertucci type II and III configurations were the higher incidence in mesial and distal roots, respectively. The presence of two canals in mesial root and one canal in distal root of MFMs with two separate roots (variant 3) was the most common morphology.
The Effect of Organizational Culture on Technology Transfers and Company Performance

This study aims to examine the effect of organizational culture on technology transfer and company performance. This study will raise the relationship between technology transfer and company performance as a literature gap. The population used in this study is the largest motor vehicle automotive parts manufacturing by Group Company in Indonesia with a joint venture company with a total of 33 companies. The sample technique used is saturated sampling using 66 production managers as respondents from each company. The research method and data analysis in this study is use a Mix Method with Sequential Explanatory design. To validate the significant level and interrelationships between variables, we use Partial List Square (PLS) method and Smart PLS 3.0. The results shows that the application of organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on technology transfer and company performance. This study also refutes previous research which states that technology transfer has no effect on company performance. In addition it was found that technology transfer has a role as mediation between organizational culture and company performance, so the better the organizational culture of the company, the application of technology transfer will increase so that the company's performance will be better.
Philosophy of Immunology

Immunology is central to contemporary biology and medicine, but it also provides novel philosophical insights. Its most significant contribution to philosophy concerns the understanding of biological individuality: what a biological individual is, what makes it unique, how its boundaries are established, and what ensures its identity through time. Immunology also offers answers to some of the most interesting philosophical questions. What is the definition of life? How are bodily systems delineated? How do the mind and the body interact? In this Element, Thomas Pradeu considers the ways in which immunology can shed light on these and other important philosophical issues. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Técnicas de Muestreo sobre una Población a Estudio

La representatividad de una muestra, permite extrapolar y por ende generalizar los resultados observados en esta, a la poblacion accesible; y a partir de esta, a la poblacion blanco. Por ende, una muestra sera representativa o no; solo si fue seleccionada al azar, es decir, que todos los sujetos de la poblacion blanco tuvieron la misma posibilidad de ser seleccionados en esta muestra y por ende ser incluidos en el estudio; y por otro lado, que el numero de sujetos seleccionados representen numericamente a la poblacion que le dio origen respecto de la distribucion de la variable en estudio en la poblacion, es decir, la estimacion o calculo del tamano de la muestra. Es asi como el analisis de una muestra permite realizar inferencias, extrapolar o generalizar conclusiones a la poblacion blanco con un alto grado de certeza; de tal modo que una muestra se considera representativa de la poblacion blanco, cuando la distribucion y valor de las diversas variables se pueden reproducir con margenes de error calculables. Entonces, el muestreo tiene por objetivo estudiar las relaciones existentes entre la distribucion de una variable en la poblacion blanco y las distribucion de esta variable en la muestra a estudio. Para ello, es fundamental, entre otras cosas definir los criterios de inclusion (caracteristicas clinicas, demograficas, temporales y geograficas de los sujetos que componen la poblacion en estudio) y de exclusion (caracteristicas de los sujetos que pueden interferir con la calidad de los datos o la interpretacion de los resultados. El objetivo de este manuscrito, es entregar conocimientos generales respecto de las tecnicas de muestreo mas utilizadas en investigacion clinica.
Self-Confidence and Gender Gaps in Political Interest, Attention, and Efficacy

Compared to men, women are less interested in politics, less likely to follow current events, and more pessimistic about their abilities to be influential in politics. I explore the origins of these gender gaps. I argue that feelings of self-confidence serve as a resource that encourages psychological engagement with politics. But because this resource is more likely to be possessed by men than by women, it contributes to gender gaps in political interest, attention to politics, and internal efficacy. By examining surveys of both young people and adults, I demonstrate that gender’s effects on psychological engagement with politics are partially mediated by feelings of self-confidence. While prior studies emphasize the importance of resources like education for cultivating political engagement, I show that self-confidence is an important psychological asset that promotes political interest, attention, and feelings of personal competence in politics.
Public Debt, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria

Purpose: The study examines the short run and the long-run effects of public debt (disaggregated into external and domestic debt) and FDI on economic growth in Nigeria using the Bounds test approach to co-integration and error correction analysis. The short-run causal relationships among the variables are also examined using the Toda-Yamamoto’s approach to Granger non-causality test. Method: Annual time series data spanning the period from 1981 to 2016 are utilized for the analysis. Results: The study finds a significant negative effect of domestic debt on economic growth in Nigeria in the short-run and the long-run. It also finds the growth effect of external debt to be non-significant in the short-run, but positive and significant in the long-run. The growth effects of FDI on economic growth are found to be non-significant in the long-run and in the short-run. Further evidence from the study is that trade openness negatively affects economic growth in the short-run, while its long-run effect is also negative, but not statistically significant. Unidirectional causation was found only from domestic debt to economic growth. No significant causal relationships were found to exist among other variables. Implications: In view of the empirical evidence, the study proffers as recommendations for policy consideration efforts by the government to enhance the creditworthiness of the country so as to be able to access external loans for financing long-run growth. It further recommends some degree of restrictions on imports (especially of consumption goods) as a measure to enhance the country's long-run growth.
Disability as a Precursor to Mental Health Challenges

Introduction: Disability is a controversial topic of discourse in recent times as a result of documented tremendous increase in the incidence rates of conditions that leave individuals with significant limitations or restrictions in functioning. Research has shown that health needs of persons with disabilities may vary depending on the nature of their disability which if left unattended to may lead to conditions that compound the effects of the disability such as mental health problems. Objective: The primary aim of this study is to narrative review of qualitative studies on the incidence of mental health problems amongst the disabled category. Methods: Keyword searches of Pubmed database, manual searches of reference lists of related articles. Results: Data gathered revealed that persons with disabilities are more likely than others to experience mental health problems which may be as a result of the psychological burden associated with the condition and/or the effects of the medications that are been used to suppress the disabling condition. Conclusion: Quality of life measures should be carried out on every individual in the disabled category. Mental health service should be provided early enough and focus on identified specific health needs of each individual involved so as to cushion the effects of disability, improve mental health outcomes and ultimately, the quality of life experienced by persons with disabilities.
Does Diversity Matter? School Racial Composition and Academic Achievement of Students in a Diverse Sample

Research findings on school diversity and its impact on children’s educational outcomes is mixed. This study examined school racial diversity and educational outcomes for ethnically diverse students. Data came from third graders, N = 33,857 (51.8% male; 57.2% Latinx), in 278 schools. Using multilevel models, we examined the association between school racial composition and academic outcomes. Results showed that increased school diversity was negatively related to academic achievement, but this association was moderated by race. For White students, more equal representation was positively related to academic achievement, but this association was negative for Black and Latinx students.
Adherence to infection control practices in relation to neonatal care in major hospitals in a district of Sri Lanka

Introduction: Adherence to infection control practices are crucial for neonatal care. Objectives: To describe the adherence to clean birth and postnatal care practices by healthcare workers in selected procedures in major hospitals in a district of Sri Lanka Methods: This was a qualitative observational study. The study sample comprised healthcare workers (doctors, nurses and midwives) attached to the labour room (LR), postnatal ward (PNW), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and operating theatre (OT). A total of 70 healthcare workers from the LR, 90 from the PNW, 50 from the NICU and 60 from the OT were assessed in relation to each procedure they carried out. Four checklists were used to record the observations on infection control standards. The performance of each healthcare worker for each specific procedure was observed only once. Results: Hand washing practices among the healthcare workers in LR, NICU, PNW and OT varied, with better practices seen in NICU and PNW. Recapping of the needles was done by 18.6%, 18.0% and 31.2% in LR, NICU and PNW, respectively. Disposal of sharps to the bin was done by almost all healthcare workers in the LR, NICU and PNW, respectively. All the healthcare workers used 70% alcohol to disinfect the skin, of whom the majority used povidone iodine when drawing blood samples for blood culture in the NICU. Changing or washing gloves before cutting the umbilical cord was observed in the majority of healthcare workers in LR and the minority in OT. Conclusions: Adherence to infection control standards by healthcare workers in observed procedures was not up to the standard.
Bottleneck Congestion and Work Starting Time Distribution Considering Household Travels

Flextime is one of the efficient approaches in travel demand management to reduce peak hour congestion and encourage social distancing in epidemic prevention. Previous literature has developed bi-level models of the work starting time choice considering both labor output and urban mobility. Yet, most analytical studies assume the single trip purpose in peak hours (to work) only and do not consider the household travels (daycare drop-off/pick-up). In fact, as one of the main reasons to adopt flextime, household travel plays an influential role in travelers' decision making on work schedule selection. On this account, we incorporate household travels into the work starting time choice model in this study. Both short-run travel behaviours and long-run work start time selection of heterogenous commuters are examined under agglomeration economies. If flextime is not flexible enough, commuters tend to agglomerate in work schedule choice at long-run equilibrium. Further, we analyze optimal schedule choices with two system performance indicators. For total commuting cost, it is found that the rigid school schedule for households may impede the benefits of flextime in commuting cost saving. In terms of total net benefit, while work schedule agglomeration of all commuters leads to the maximum in some cases, the polarized agglomeration of the two heterogenous groups can never achieve the optimum.
Possible Anti-inflammatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation via Changes in CXCL8 Levels in Patients with Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis

The synovial- lining cells have been involved with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through the secretion of various cytokines and chemokines. Increased levels of these cytokines and chemokines are seen first in the synovial and subsequently in the bloodstream of RA patients. The synovial and circulating levels of CXCL8, CXCL12, and CXCL13 are higher in the RA patients than in the healthy subjects, causing migration of immune cells to the joints, which is associated with increased joint destruction. We aimed to evaluate the effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cells intravenous administration on plasma levels of CXCL8, CXCL12 and CXCL13 at 1, 6, and 12 month follow-up periods in refractory RA patients. 13 patients with refractory RA received autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The ELISA technique was used to evaluate the plasma level of these chemokines. CXCL8 levels were significantly decreased at month 6 after MSCs transplantation in comparison with pre-injection level, and the concentration of this chemokine was significantly increased at month 12 in comparison with the month 6 after injection (P <0.05). The levels of CXCL12 and CXCL13 were insignificantly decreased at months 1 and 6 after the MSCs transplantation. The interaction of MSCs after migration to the inflamed joints with CXCL8-producing cells could be one but not the only possible mechanism that reduces its production in the joints and subsequently in the plasma of RA patients. CXCL8 reduction as a consequence of MSCs application returned to pre-injection levels after 12 months. Therefore, increasing the dose of MSCs and replication of injections may maintain the potential anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs on the production of CXCL8 as an inflammatory mediator in patients with refractory RA.
A Comparative Study of Maternity/Parental Leave Policies in the US, Brazil, and France

This thesis is a comparative-historical sociological study of why maternity/parental leave policies were adopted differently in the US, Brazil and France. Through a historical analysis of the degree of neoliberalization, welfare state, political ideology and salient social movements, this study attempts to understand the reason why two core capitalist countries, the US and France, conceived different public policies concerning maternal leave and to explain how and why Brazil reflects a weak mix of both country’s patterns. This comparative study analyzes the scope of the adopted policies and outcomes in relation to gender equality. The equal or unequal balance of powers between working and capitalist class affects the form the social policy can take. The thesis concludes that France and Brazil had a strong working-class which resulted in a broad maternity/parental leave policy with universal benefits. Nonetheless, Brazil proves to be unsuccessful in applying the universal approach in comprehensive fashion due to external pressures that result from the legacy of colonialism and structural adjustment policies. The US, in turn, enacted a maternity/parental leave policy limited in access and scope as a result of having a weaker working-class.
Why is inequality so unequal across the world? Part 2 The diversity of inequality in market income - and the increasing asymmetry between the distribution of income before and after taxes and transferences

This is a two-part paper. Part 1 addresses the diversity in the distribution of disposable income across the world; and Part 2, that in market income (i.e., before taxes and transferences). There are many underlying questions to these phenomena: does the diversity of inequality in disposable incomes reflect a variety of fundamentals, or a multiplicity of power structures and choice? Is rising market inequality the product of somehow ‘exogenous’ factors (e.g., r>g), or of complex interactions between political settlements and market failures? If the latter, how do we get through the veils obscuring these interactions and distorting our vision of the often self-constructed nature of inequality? Has neoliberal globalisation broadened the scope for “distributional failures” by, for example, triggering a process of “reverse catching-up” among OECD countries, so that now highly unequal middle-income countries like those in Latin America embody the shape of things to come? If so, are we are all now converging towards features such as mobile elites creaming off the rewards of economic growth, and ‘magic realist’ politics that lack self-respect if not originality? (Should I say, ‘Welcome to the Third World’? ) In Part 1 I also develop a new approach for examining and measuring inequality (distance from distributive targets). In turn, Part 2 concentrates on three issues: why there has been such a deterioration of market inequality among countries of the OECD, why this has led to a growing asymmetry between their distributions of market and of disposable incomes, and why inequality seems to move in "waves". The main conclusion is that to understand current distributive dynamics what matters is to comprehend the forces determining the share of the rich — and, in terms of growth, what they choose to do with it (and how they are allowed do it).
Biting knowledge of blackfly among students and workers of a Nigerian tertiary institution

This study assessed the knowledge of the role of blackfly in onchocerciasis transmission among the students and workers of a tertiary institution in Ogun State, southwestern Nigeria. One hundred and fifty (72 males, 78 females) volunteers were recruited for the study which occurred between July and September, 2009. Samples of the blackfly caught on the institution’s campus and preserved in a clean transparent unlabelled bottle containing 70% ethanol, and an unnamed coloured photograph of the fly were shown to the respondents each of which was guided to fill a carefully-structured questionnaire. 40% of the respondents correctly-identified the insect as blackfly. Among those that had spent ≥ 1 year, 95.1% (98/103) answered that the insect bites man. The commonest body reaction to blackfly bite was skin swelling (38.7%), followed by skin swelling + itching (P < 0.001). 3.3% of the total respondents answered correctly that the fly transmits the causative agent of onchocerciasis, while 96.7% (145/150) answered incorrectly or non-affirmatively (P < 0.001). This study showed the need to adequately educate the members of the tertiary institution on the vectorial role of blackfly, and study the population dynamics of the fly in the study area towards working out cost-effective control strategies. Key words: Onchocerciasis, blackfly, knowledge, body reactions, health education.
Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal wastewater sludge with organic wastes

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Association for Academic Surgery, 2004 Characterization of a Model to Independently Study Regression of Ventricular Hypertrophy 1,2

Conclusions. These results demonstrate a safe, effective, and reproducible method of promoting LVH regression—avoiding the need for endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and a second invasive surgery to remove the constriction. The simplicity of this technique combined with the well-known advantages of using the mouse species makes this model both unique and relevant. Ultimately, this model will facilitate focused study of independent mechanisms