Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the weakly nonlinear three-dimensional instability of shear layers to pairs of oblique waves: the Stokes layer as a paradigm

The nonlinear evolution of a pair of initially linear oblique waves in a high-Reynolds-number shear layer is studied. Attention is focused on times when disturbances of amplitude ε have O($\epsilon^{\frac{1}{3}} R $) growth rates, where R is the Reynolds number. The development of a pair of oblique waves is then controlled by nonlinear critical-layer effects (Goldstein & Choi 1989). Viscous effects are included by studying the distinguished scaling ε = O(R-1). When viscosity is not too large, solutions to the amplitude equation develop a finite-time singularity, indicating that an explosive growth can be induced by nonlinear effects; we suggest that such explosive growth is the precursor to certain of the bursts observed in experiments on Stokes layers and other shear layers. Increasing the importance of viscosity generally delays the occurrence of the finite-time singularity, and sufficiently large viscosity may lead to the disturbance decaying exponentially. For the special case when the streamwise and spanwise wavenumbers are equal, the solution can evolve into a periodic oscillation. A link between the unsteady critical-layer approach to high-Reynolds-number flow instability, and the wave/vortex approach of Hall & Smith (1991), is identified.
Pharmacogenetics and Adverse Events in the Use of Fluoropyrimidine in a Cohort of Cancer Patients on Standard of Care Treatment in Zimbabwe

Fluoropyrimidines are commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. They are, however, associated with adverse events (AEs), of which gastrointestinal, myelosuppression and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia are the most common. Clinical guidelines are used for fluoropyrimidine dosing based on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) genetic polymorphism and have been shown to reduce these AEs in patients of European ancestry. This study aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the clinical applicability of these guidelines in a cohort of cancer patients on fluoropyrimidine standard of care treatment in Zimbabwe. DNA was extracted from whole blood and used for DPYD genotyping. Adverse events were monitored for six months using the Common Terminology Criteria for AEs (CTCAE) v.5. 0. None of the 150 genotyped patients was a carrier of any of the pathogenic variants (DPYD*2A, DPYD*13, rs67376798, or rs75017182). However, severe AEs were high (36%) compared to those reported in the literature from other populations. There was a statistically significant association between BSA (p = 0.0074) and BMI (p = 0.0001) with severe global AEs. This study has shown the absence of the currently known actionable DPYD variants in the Zimbabwean cancer patient cohort. Therefore, the current pathogenic variants in the guidelines might not be feasible for all populations hence the call for modification of the current DPYD guidelines to include minority populations for the benefit of all diverse patients.
Comparison of mechanical and dielectric relaxation processes in laser-deposited poly(methyl methacrylate) films

Dynamic loss spectra for laser-deposited poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films are investigated at a frequency of 5.4 kHz with dielectric spectroscopy and mechanical torsional spectroscopy using a double-paddle oscillator as a substrate in a temperature range from room temperature up to 530 K. By comparing both methods, the coupling mechanism of the external force to the molecules and the resulting relaxation processes are discussed. Differences in both loss spectra are ascribed to a different weighting of the contributions of primary and secondary relaxation in the relaxation peak. During annealing above the glass temperature, the local structure of the disordered molecular system is changed. This is accompanied by hardening processes as demonstrated by showing the isothermal development of the mechanical frequency shift and the internal friction of the film. For even higher temperatures, irreversible changes in the polymeric structure occur as observed by infrared spectroscopy and by a weight loss of the film.
Supportive Care or Specific Treatment? On Elderly Cancer Patients

purpose of this study was to determine the rates of receive disease-specific treatment or supportive care in patients diagnosed with cancer aged > 75 years. Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively by scanning the files of patients aged ≥ 75 years who were diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: those who could only receive supportive care and those who received disease-specific treatment options. Patients were evaluated individually according to their disease stage, depending on their primary diagnosis. Results: There were 108 (38.7%) patients with early stage disease and 171 (61.3%) patients with metastatic disease. While 42.7% of the patients received supportive care, 57.3% were able to receive from disease-specific treatment options. Treatments in elderly cancer patients can be difficult and complex. Conclusion: Age should not be a single criteria when assessing for treatment of cancer patient, stage and type are more important.
Effect of Microalloying with Ti on the Corrosion Behaviour of Low Carbon Steel in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution Saturated with CO 2

A problem is defined to investigate the effect of titanium traces on the corrosion behaviour of low carbon steel. In theory titanium effects surface properties like abrasion resistance in medium carbon steels and corrosion resistance in low as well as medium carbon steels. The present research as indicated by the topic is aimed to experimentally mark the effect of titanium traces on corrosion resistance in the available low carbon steel specimens. The effect of microalloying with titanium (i
Wind Turbine Noise Propagation over Flat Ground: Measurements and Predictions

Noise from wind turbines is of concern in the planning process of new wind farms, and accurate estimations of immission noise levels at residents nearby are required. Sound propagation from wind turbine to receiver could be modelled by a simplified standard model assuming constant meteorological conditions, by an engineering method taking atmospheric and ground propagation conditions into account, or by a more exact model. Epidemiological studies have found a higher frequency of annoyance due to wind turbine noise than to other community noise sources at equal noise levels, indicating that the often used simplified model is not sufficient. This paper evaluates the variation of immission sound levels under the influence of meteorological variation and explores if the prediction of levels could be improved by taking the effect of wind speed on sound propagation into account. Long-term sound recordings and measurements at a distance of 530 m from a wind turbine show that the simplified standard model predicts the average sound pressure levels satisfactorily under downwind conditions, and that a more complex propagation model might not be needed for wind turbine noise at a relatively short distance. Large variations of sound immission levels at the same wind speed were however present. Statistical analysis revealed that these variations were influenced by meteorological parameters, such as temperature, static pressure and deviation from ideal downwind direction. The overall results indicate that meteorological factors influence the noise generated by the wind turbine rather than the sound propagation.
Temperature and moist‐stability effects on midlatitude orographic precipitation

Idealized, convection‐resolving simulations of moist orographic flows are conducted to investigate the influence of temperature and moist stability on the drying ratio (DR), defined as the fraction of the impinging water mass removed as orographic precipitation. In flow past a long ridge, where most of the air rises over the barrier rather than detouring around it, DR decreases as the surface temperature (Ts) increases, even as the orographic cap cloud becomes statically unstable at higher Ts and develops embedded convection. This behaviour is explained by a few physical principles: (1) the Clausius–Clapeyron equation dictates that the normalized condensation rate decreases as the flow gets warmer, (2) the replacement of ice‐phase precipitation growth with warm‐rain processes decreases the efficiency by which condensate is converted to precipitation, thereby lowering precipitation efficiency, and (3) embedded convection acts more to vertically redistribute moisture than to enhance precipitation. Over an isolated mountain, the effects of (1) and (2) are counteracted by moisture deflection around the barrier, which is stronger in the colder, more stable flows. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Solar cell nanotechnology for improved efficiency and radiation hardness

Space electronic equipment, and NASA future exploration missions in particular, require improvements in solar cell efficiency and radiation hardness. Novel nano-engineered materials and quantum-dot array based photovoltaic devices promise to deliver more efficient, lightweight solar cells and arrays which will be of high value to long term space missions. In this paper, we describe issues related to the development of the quantum-dot based solar cells and comprehensive software tools for simulation of the nanostructure-based photovoltaic cells. Some experimental results used for the model validation are also reviewed. The novel modeling and simulation tools for the quantum-dot-based nanostructures help to better understand and predict behavior of the nano-devices and novel materials in space environment, assess technologies, devices, and materials for new electronic systems as well as to better evaluate the performance and radiation response of the devices at an early design stage. The overall objective is to investigate and design new photovoltaic structures based on quantum dots (QDs) with improved efficiency and radiation hardness. The inherently radiation tolerant quantum dots of variable sizes maximize absorption of different light wavelengths, i.e., create a "multicolor" cell, which improves photovoltaic efficiency and diminishes the radiation-induced degradation. The QD models described here are being integrated into the advanced photonic-electronic device simulator NanoTCAD, which can be useful for the optimization of QD superlattices as well as for the development and exploring of new solar cell designs.
Women’s decision-making power regarding family planning use and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: Although emphasis is placed on women’s decision-making power regarding family planning use in Ethiopia, the utilization of contraceptives is low. There are studies conducted in different parts of the country on women’s decision-making power regarding family planning use; however, there are inconsistent findings. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of women’s decision-making power regarding family planning use and associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to develop the systematic review and meta-analysis. All observational studies were retrieved from online databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, African Journal Online and gray literature. The data search was performed from 1 December to 16 May 2022. The quality of the studies was critically assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Heterogeneity among studies was examined using the I2 statistic. RevMan version 5.3 and STATA version 14 software were used for analysis. Results: A total of 852 studies were retrieved, and 8 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of women’s decision-making power regarding family planning use was 57 (95% confidence interval: 37, 77). Good knowledge of family planning methods (odds ratio: 2.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.65, 3.67), a positive attitude toward family planning methods (odds ratio: 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 3.2), and having primary or higher education (odds ratio: 9.76, 95% confidence interval: 4.36, 21.99) were associated with increased odds of women’s decision-making power regarding family planning use. Conclusion: Nearly three in five married women made decisions regarding family planning use in Ethiopia. Women with good knowledge of family planning methods, a positive attitude toward family planning methods, and women having primary or higher education were associated with increased odds of women’s decision-making power regarding family planning use.
Controllable Synthesis of N2-Intercalated WO3 Nanorod Photoanode Harvesting a Wide Range of Visible Light for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

A highly efficient visible-light-driven photoanode, N2-intercalated tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanorod, has been controllably synthesized by using the dual role of hydrazine (N2H4), which functioned simultaneously as a structure directing agent and as a nitrogen source for N2 intercalation. The SEM results indicated that the controllable formation of WO3 nanorod by changing the amount of N2H4. The β values of lattice parameters of the monoclinic phase and the lattice volume changed significantly with the nW: nN2H4 ratio. This is consistent with the addition of N2H4 dependence of the N content, clarifying the intercalation of N2 in the WO3 lattice. The UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) of N2-intercalated exhibited a significant redshift in the absorption edge with new shoulders appearing at 470–600 nm, which became more intense as the nW:nN2H4 ratio increased from 1:1.2 and then decreased up to 1:5 through the maximum at 1:2.5. This addition of N2H4 dependence is consistent with the case of the N contents. This suggests that N2 intercalating into the WO3 lattice is responsible for the considerable red shift in the absorption edge, with a new shoulder appearing at 470−600 nm owing to formation of an intra-bandgap above the VB edges and a dopant energy level below the CB of WO3. The N2 intercalated WO3 photoanode generated a photoanodic current under visible light irradiation below 530 nm due to the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation, compared with pure WO3 doing so below 470 nm. The high incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the WO3-2.5 photoanode is due to efficient electron transport through the WO3 nanorod film.
On certain new and exact solutions of the Emden-Fowler equation and Emden equation via invariant variational principles and group invariance

Abstract After formulating the alternate potential principle for the nonlinear differential equation corresponding to the generalised Emden-Fowler equation, the invariance identities of Rund [14] involving the Lagrangian and the generators of the infinitesimal Lie group are used for writing down the first integrals of the said equation via the Noether theorem. Further, for physical realisable forms of the parameters involved and through repeated application of invariance under the transformation obtained, a number of exact solutions are arrived at both for the Emden-Fowler equation and classical Emden equations. A comparative study with Bluman-Cole and scale-invariant techniques reveals quite a number of remarkable features of the techniques used here.
Remobilizing surfactant retarded fluid particle interfaces. I. Stress‐free conditions at the interfaces of micellar solutions of surfactants with fast sorption kinetics

Surfactant molecules adsorb onto the interfaces of moving fluid particles and are convected to regions in which the surface flow converges. Accumulation of surfactant in these regions creates interfacial tension gradients that retard the surface flow. In this study it is argued theoretically and demonstrated experimentally that fluid movement on the surface of a drop or bubble can remain unhindered in the presence of a single adsorbed surfactant if, relative to the convective rate of transport of adsorbed surfactant along the surface, desorption is fast, and the bulk concentration is high enough so that diffusion away from the particle is fast. For this circumstance, a uniform surface concentration of surfactant is maintained, and no gradients in surface tension arise to retard the surface velocity. The fluid particle flow behaves as it would in the absence of surfactant save that it has a reduced, uniform surface tension. The remobilization of surfactant‐laden interfaces of fluid particles is demonstrate.
How Do Parents’ Experiences Affect Children’s Use of the Traditional Korean Medical Services? A Regression Analysis Using Cross-Sectional Data

Objectives Medical services are closely related to individual health and welfare, and health status in childhood or adolescence is widely recognized to be related to many socioeconomic outcomes. Therefore, providing appropriate medical services in childhood and adolescence is important. We aimed to investigate the determinants of traditional Korean medical services (TKMS) usage by children aged < 19 years. The focus was on the role of their parents’ experiences with TKMS in determining TKMS use by children. Methods Using a representative sample in South Korea, we conducted a regression analysis to assess how parents’ experience with TKMS affects the probability of their children using TKMS. Results We found parents’ experience with TKMS to have a significantly positive effect on the probability of TKMS use by children and parents’ biological information, such as age and sex, to affect the probability of TKMS use. Specifically, parents’ experiences with TKMS generally increased the probability of children using TKMS by approximately 20%. Conclusion This study’s results suggest that considering parents’ opinions and providing them the opportunity to participate in programs that enhance young children’s use of TKMS may be effective.
Detailed study of electron plasma waves upstream of the Earth’s bow shock

A detailed study of electron plasma waves observed upstream of the earth's bow shock and of their relationships to the position of the satellite in the foreshock and to the electron measurements has been carried out. The wave characteristics depend on the position in the electron foreshock: a narrow-bnd (a few percent) and intense (a few millivolts per meter) noise is observed at the plasma frequency at the edge of the foreshock while the spectrum widens (.delta.f/fapprox. =0.3) at the same time as the power decreases (hundreds of microvolts per meter) deeper (a few earth radii) inside the foreshock. Signals below the plasma frequency are also observed. These waves are polarized along the magnetic field, with long wavelengths below and at the plasma frequency and short wavelengths above it. They appear as short bursts, the duration of which depends on the frequency: longer close to the plasma frequency (50 ms), they shorten with increasing separation from the plasma frequency, the usual duration being 15 ms. While the correlation of the wave characteristics with the reflected electrons is good as the satellite moves inside the foreshock, no evolution is found with the distance to the bow shock, neither for the noisemore » nor for the particles. These results are discussed in the frame of various mechanisms which have been proposed to explain these upstream waves but no satisfactory agreement is found with any of them. « less
The evolution from weak to strong geomagnetic activity: an interpretation in terms of deterministic chaos

Linear prediction filtering techniques have shown that the magnetospheric response to energy transfer from the solar wind contains both driven and unloading components. Filter elements ordered with respect to geomagnetic activity have shown a peak at 20 minutes due to the driven component and a second peak at 1 hour which has been interpreted in terms of the magnetotail unloading component. The peak at 1 hour was found to increase in strength with increasing activity up to a critical activity level beyond which the peak vanished. We study these features of geomagnetic activity in terms of a nonlinear dynamical model of the magnetospheric system. We base our model on the leaky faucet analogy of plasmoid formation (Hones, 1979) and the dripping faucet experiment and model of Shaw (1984). We have constructed a mechanical analogue to the magnetosphere which models both the driven and the loading-unloading energy release mechanisms. This model is elementary, but is dynamically complete in that it is able to represent the entire cycle of substorm growth, expansion, and recovery. The model is able to explain many of the features of the linear filter results. In particular, the model suggests that the disappearance of the 1 hour peak is due to a chaotic transition beyond which the loading-unloading mechanism continues, but aperiodically. This work suggests that, using the tools of chaos theory, we may gain considerable insight into the stormtime behavior of the magnetosphere.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in social work students: A scoping review and call for research and action

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has created unintended consequences and additional mental health stressors across various populations, including students, especially among healthcare professional students who work on the frontline, such as social work students. A scoping review was conducted, and thematic analysis was used to synthesize the general themes and findings. Only six articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Social work students experienced a high level of mental distress, including depression and anxiety during the pandemic. Mental distress was associated with multilevel factors, including social and behavioral characteristics, interpersonal relationships, and structural vulnerabilities during the COVID-19 crisis.
Relative clauses in German Sign Language: Extraposition and reconstruction

Relative clause constructions are known to show considerable variation across languages (Keenan 1985; Lehmann 1986). However, as is commonly the case, the available typological investigations only consider spoken languages. In this paper, we will focus on relative clauses in German Sign Language (DGS) and compare them to the patterns of relativization described for spoken languages as well as for other sign languages. It will turn out that similar variation is attested across sign languages. For DGS, we will claim that it has externally headed postnominal relative clauses and that it makes use of sentence-initial relative pronouns. Moreover, we will show that DGS corresponds to German in that relative clauses in both languages may appear in situ, may be fronted, or extraposed. Extraposition, however, is less constrained than in German, since the highly specific relative pronouns allow for unambiguous reconstruction of the relative clause. This paper is organized as follows: in section 2, we briefly introduce the relevant typological aspects of relative clauses in spoken languages. Section 3 gives an overview of relative clause constructions in three signed languages. Section 4 turns to relative clauses in DGS. The internal structure of DGS relative clauses is discussed in section 4.1 while section 4.2 deals with extraposition and reconstruction of relative clauses in DGS and German. The main findings of our paper are summarized in section 5. 2