Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DOES THE EARNINGS TRANSPARENCY HAVE THE SAME RELEVANCE FOR THE COST OF DEBT AND COST OF EQUITY IN A CROSS-COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of earnings transparency on the cost of debt (Ki). More specifically, whether earnings transparency measure has the same relevance for Ki, which previous literature related to the cost of equity (e.g. Francis, Nanda, and Olsson, 2008; Bhattacharya, Desai, and Venkataraman, 2013; Barth, Konchitchki and Landsman, 2013; Barth et al., 2015; Beigi, Hosseini & Qodsi, 2016. The earnings transparency measure used in this manuscript was the same employed by Barth, Konchitchki and Landsman (2013), and Beigi, Hosseini & Qodsi (2016). The main variable called TRANS was based on the explanatory power of the returns-earnings relation, representing the extension to which earnings and change in earnings ‘covary’ contemporaneously with returns. In this study, a sample of 1.050 companies listed in 34 countries in Americas and Europe were selected, and research data has been collected from 2010 to 2014. Results found, through panel data modeling, showed that earnings transparency did not affect the cost of debt such as the cost of equity. The variable TRANS showed a negative and statistically significance against Ke, denoting that earnings transparency is a matter issue to decrease the cost of equity. Nevertheless, a different association was found amongst TRANS and cost of debt, i.e., TRANS showed a negative sign. However, this is not statistically significant. This finding corroborates the main idea preconized by previous literature (e.g. Demerijan, 2011, and Ball, Li, and Shivakumar, 2015), that investors and creditors have different interest about accounting information, and for this reason perceive accounting information features, such as earnings transparency, differently.
Hazard Detection among Young and Experienced Drivers via Driving Simulator

Hazard perception test (HPT) is one of a common task in perceiving hazard among drivers. Many countries have been adopting this method to assess an individual’s driving competency in order to acquire driving licenses. Computer-based assessment was a common method widely used to carry out the HPT. Previous hazard perception studies using Malaysian samples reported mixed findings on the effectivity of reaction time-based HPT. Dissimilar with the common method, this study employed a full-size cabin driving simulator to study hazard perception, focussing on hazards detection between two groups of drivers: young and experienced. Results from 28 (15 young, 13 experienced) drivers indicated that young drivers detected hazards faster than their experienced counterparts, even though both groups have the same performance of hazard recognition. Correlational analysis revealed that driving frequency may be a factor contributing to the difference in response time between these two groups. Further analysis also indicates that different road environments contribute to different hazard perception performance.
Religious Mosque Leaders (Khateebs): Awareness, Perceptions, Practices and Attitude towards Mental Health, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Mosques are the most holy places in the eyes of Allah-Exalted and Glorified, and the religious mosque leaders (Khateebs) who read 15-20 minutes Khutbah prior to Friday Prayers have great knowledge in religion of Islam and are considered the peace-building leaders through delivering the pertinent Friday sermons around the world. Objective: This online consenting cross-sectional survey explored the mental health awareness, perceptions, attitudes and practices of Khateebs of Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This survey used 14-items self-designed culturally competitive questionnaire and sociodemographic proforma to tap religious mosque leaders’ knowledge, perceptions, practices and attitude towards mental health. Original Research Article Alhabeeb et al.; INDJ, 13(3-4): 1-12, 2019; Article no.INDJ. 54289 2 Results: Majority of mosque leaders were middle aged with higher education and extensive experience as a model of true interlocutor (Khateeb). Their knowledge and practices revealed were replete with religious and spiritual healing approaches but religious mosque leaders did not completely overlook the role of psychiatric medications and mental health professionals in the management of mentally ill persons. However, religious mosque leaders showed some negative attitudes towards patients with mental disorders, and recommended 10 corrective guides including integration of mosques and religious leaders into mental health system. Conclusion: Despite mosque leader’s good mental health literacy, they need further training to plug certain loopholes traced in their mental health literacy. Researchers should conduct further similar research overcoming the caveats of this survey not only in Saudi Arabia but also globally in Muslim world.
Liquidity and Credit Default Swap Spreads ∗ Dragon

This paper examines the market microstructure and asset pricing of the credit derivatives market. We present an empirical study of the pricing effect of liquidity in the credit default swaps (CDS) market. We construct liquidity proxies to capture various facets of CDS liquidity including adverse selection, search frictions, and inventory costs. We show that the liquidity effect on CDS spreads is significant with an estimated liquidity premium on par with those of Treasury bonds and corporate bonds. Our finding of cross-sectional variations in the liquidity effect highlights the structure of the searchbased over-the-counter market and the interplay between search friction and adverse selection in CDS trading. Using liquidity betas and volume respectively to measure liquidity risk, we find supporting evidence for liquidity risk being priced beyond liquidity level in the CDS market.
University of Southern Denmark A 12-Month Follow-up After a Single Intracavernous Injection of Autologous Adipose-derived Regenerative Cells in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction Following Radical Prostatectomy

Objective To explore safety in adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRC) therapy, treating ED. Methods Twenty-one patients with ED after radical prostatectomy (RP), with no signs of recovery using conventional therapy, received a single intracavernous injection of autologous ADRC and were followed for 1 year. Six men were incontinent, and 15 were continent at inclusion. The primary (safety of ADRC therapy) and secondary endpoints (sexual function) were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after ADRC injection by registration of adverse events and validated questionnaires using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and Erection Hardness Score (EHS). Results No serious adverse events occurred, but 8 reversible minor events related to the liposuction were noted. Eight out of 15 (53%) patients in the continent group reported erectile function sufficient for intercourse at 12 months. Baseline median IIEF-5 scores (6.0; IQR 3) were unchanged 1 month after the treatment, but significantly increased after 6 to 7 (IQR 17). This effect was sustained at 12 months (median 8; IQR 14). We did not see any improvements in erectile function the group of incontinent men or among men with erectile dysfunction prior to radical prostatectomy. Conclusions Intracavernous injection of ADRC is safe in this phase 1 study with a 12 month follow-up.
The Relation Between Stress Level and Nutritional Status Among Primary School Pupils in Mosul City

Background and Aim : Stress is now considered a common problem in children, it has been liked with both increased and decreased dietary intake. The study aimed to identify the relationship between stress level and nutritional status among primary school pupils in Mosul City. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study has been designed for a sample of children consist of (200) pupils from the primary schools in Mosul City, aged (10-13) years old. The study has been conducted from 1 st of January to 30 th of April 2019. Data were collected through the interview of the children which included the height and weight measurement which done in the classroom and then the questionnaire about demographic characteristics, stress level and dietary intake were distributed for them to be answered by the one of child's parents. The data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis that included frequency, percentage and Chi square . Results : The study indicated that the 78.5% of the children were 10-12 years old, 44.5% of them from moderate economic status , also show there are significant relationship between stress level and increase of weight, costumed saturated oils, meat, carbohydrate, low fruit and low vegetable intake at P-value=0.05. Conclusion : This study found consistent association between stress level and unhealthy dietary intake. Pupils with higher stress had higher consumption of fat and sugar which lead to obesity . Recommendations : Pay attention to the child by the family and school, reduce the psychological stress, he has by addressing his social problems and enhancing his selfconfidence .
CLT in Prospect Series: A Predictive Evaluation of Iranian Junior High School English Textbooks

Textbooks have a chief standing as an essential element of language teaching; therefore, analyzing and evaluating them is imperative to guarantee their efficiency and consistency with the objectives set and expected in language classes. Hence, this study utilizing a Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) model, examined Cognitive, Communicative, and Creature potentials of three Iranian recently published junior high school English textbooks, called Prospect Series. The results showed that the intended books aiming at following the CLT approach failed to satisfy communicative, cognitive, and creative potentials sufficiently and some crucial ingredients of CLT, such as strategy instruction, use of authentic materials, and skills integration. Additionally, the over-emphasis on Iranian culture caused sociocultural aspects of CLT to be relatively neglected in this series, and foreign cultures are roughly avoided. Although the development of the Prospects is surely a step forward toward designing high-quality Iranian English textbooks in Iranian schools, progressive modifications on textbooks are always needed to reach their greatest formats. The findings of this study have useful implications for the Iranian stakeholders in the field of teaching English as a foreign language and the authors of the Prospect series in terms of revising and modifying activities to achieve the highest congruency with CLT tenants.
Menstrual hygiene practice between rural and urban high school adolescent girls in Bangladesh

Menstruation is a natural and biological process experienced by all adolescent girls and women. The onset of menstruation is one of the most important changes occurring in girls during adolescent years. In the developing countries average age of menarche 12-13 years and in urban areas menarche was 12.5 years and more earlier. Hygienic practices during menstruation are the use of sanitary pads and adequate washing of genital area. Good menstrual hygiene practices (MHP) are essential during menstruation; they include 1) regular change of clothing and underwear; 2) change of hygienic pads every three to four hours; 3) daily showering, 4) adequate washing of genitalia after each voiding of urine and feces.
An Evaluation of the Influence of Pupils’ Physiological Needs Satisfaction on Academic Performance of Public Primary Schools in Eastern Zone of Nakuru Municipality, Kenya

This study investigated the influence of physiological needs on academic performance in public primary schools of the Eastern Zone of Nakuru Municipality. The study used survey research design to establish the influence of adequate nutrition, adequate water, adequate sleep, and family well-being on academic performance of class 8 pupils in the area of study. The study target population was 800. 370 respondents were chosen for the study through systematic random sampling. Response rate to the questionnaire administered stood at 72%. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data and one way ANOVA was used to analyze the influence of the independent on the dependent variables. Provision of adequate nutrition, provision of adequate water and the feeling that one’s needs were met at the family level signed influence on academic performance. The study concluded that though Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs gave valuable insight on the role that meeting physiological needs played on academic performance it was not completely adequate in explaining why some pupils who were physiologically deprived still ended up performing well in examinations. The outcome of this study could be instrumental in instructing intervention measures by the Ministry of Education in implementing learning programmes in deprived schools.
Knowledge and attitude of Mothers and Health Care Professional related to Autistic Children

The increase in reported Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence may reflect greater increased awareness of ASD among professionals and the mothers'. Therefore, it is important that there is awareness and accurate understanding of ASD which can help individuals with ASD to be identified and receive appropriate supports as early as possible. The aim of the study was to assess Knowledge and attitude of mothers and Health Care Professional toward Autistic Children. A descriptive exploratory research design was utilized. This study was conducted at the Abassia mental health hospital, outpatient clinic of autism and psychiatric clinic at pediatric out- patient clinic pediatric hospital of Cairo University. A convenient sample consists of (55) 40 mothers' and 15 health care professionals were working in outpatient clinics in the previous settings. Three tools were used to collect the data for the present study. personal data sheet for mothers and their autistic children , and health care professional, Mothers knowledge and attitude toward autistic child questionnaire and Health professional' knowledge and attitude toward autistic child questionnaire. Study's results revealed that most of mothers' had positive attitude toward their autistic children regarding their role in care and effectiveness of treatment with no significant difference between mothers' and Health care professional in total attitude scores. On the other hand there was statistical significant difference between mothers' and health professionals in total knowledge scores. The study concluded that, the issue of knowledge and attitude toward child with autism and perceptions regarding their abilities to be included in the community are complex. The study recommended that need for further researches in order to find out the most effective way to induce positive changes in this area, and how treatment decisions are made particularly with regard to the importance of mothers' attitude.
Impact of Destination Image on Satisfaction and Loyalty

Tourist destinations are currently subjects of strong competition and their visitors are influenced by various factors, including the image of a destination. This paper deals with the topic of destination image and its influence on the tourist overall satisfaction and loyalty towards a destination. The study is aiming at domestic tourists in the Czech Republic. The data were obtained through a questionnaire survey with quota sampling. Sixteen destination image factors were researched. Nine of the factors have an influence on overall satisfaction (the most influential one being the attractiveness of a destination, the uniqueness of a destination and the friendly acceptance by the locals). Eight factors were statistically proved to have an influence on loyalty by means of oral or online recommendation, with the most influential factor being the sense of security. Finally, four factors have an influence on loyalty by means of the intention to revisit a destination (the uniqueness of a destination, food, the suitability of a destination for summer and all-year-round holiday). The research results enable deeper understanding of the loyalty towards a destination which is very important for destination managers and services providers in destination.
COMPARISON OF AUTOGENOUS PERIOSTEAL PEDICAL GRAFT AS A BARRIER AND BIORESORBABLE COLLAGEN MEMBRANE IN MANAGEMENT OF PERIODONTAL INTRABONY DEFECTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

Introduction: The autogenous periosteal pedicle graft (PPG) has been viewed as having regenerative potential and provides adequate blood supply rich in growth factors. It also provides a rigid barrier maintaining the patency of the periodontal intrabony defect space for regenerative cell repopulation. Thus, PPG might be an alternative to currently available barrier membranes used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR). So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of autogenous PPG as a barrier compared to bioresorbable collagen membrane (CM) for treating periodontal intra-bony defects.Materials and methods: Twenty chronic periodontitis patients having matched contralateral periodontal intrabony defects participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Using split-mouth design, defects were randomly treated with either autogenous PPG or bioresorbable CM (Bioteck®, Arcugnano VI, Italy). Clinical outcomes included; plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Digital periapical radiographs and linear measurements were used to calculate the radiographic outcomes; bone defect area (BDA). Measurements were taken at the time of surgery (baseline) and 6-months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon’s-Signed-Rank test.Results: At 6 months both treatments resulted in statistically significant improvement in all clinical and radiographic outcomes compared with baseline (P 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that both the autogenous PPG and the bioresorbable CM improved clinical and radiographic outcomes and were effective GTR membranes in management of intra-bony defects.
Experimental tests of nonsurgical reproductive inhibitors to prevent coyote reproduction

Sterilization is an eff ective nonlethal tool to reduce livestock depredation by coyotes (Canis latrans) because adults without pups to provision are less likely to kill livestock. Surgical sterilization is costly and invasive, so identifying nonsurgical methods for canids that allow wide-scale application is important. We conducted a preliminary assessment of 2 types of reproductive inhibitors (gonadotropin releasing hormone [GnRH] vaccine and deslorelin, a GnRH agonist) on coyote reproductive capabilities. We treated captive coyotes with a GnRH vaccine (n = 6 males, n = 6 females) or deslorelin (n = 6 males), measured number of litters and pups born, and compared their behavior and hormone levels to captive coyote pairs in which the male was surgically vasectomized (n = 6). At least half of the pairs receiving treatment with either of the nonsurgical reproductive inhibitors produced pups, and litter size was larger than expected compared to historical records. Male coyotes treated with deslorelin showed decreased testosterone levels, whereas there was no diff erence in testosterone levels in males treated with GnRH vaccine compared to controls. Behavior did not diff er between any groups. Despite the lack of effi cacy of either reproductive inhibitor tested, our research suggests that hormonal alterations that disrupt reproduction of coyotes are unlikely to negatively aff ect behavior, and further investigation of nonsurgical reproductive inhibitors for wild canids is warranted.
Competency Level of Senior High School Biology Teachers’ and their Attitudes toward Organising Practical Work in Eastern Region of Ghana

The study examined the competency level of Senior High School Biology teachers in Eastern Region of Ghana in organising practical work and its influence on their attitudes toward practical work. A descriptive survey research design was employed for the study. A stratified simple random sampling technique was employed to select 80 Biology teachers with at least three years teaching experience from 20 district capital schools and 18 outside district capital schools for the study. A closedended questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from the selected teachers. Practical lessons organised by a district capital teacher and an outside district capital teacher were observed for 80 minutes using an observation protocol. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that teachers carried out practical lessons for students and gave clear explanation before students performed practical work. Notwithstanding, students never worked in groups during practical lessons and teachers barely gave enough time for students to complete task when performing practical work. Teachers barely marked students work and never provided immediate feedback. The competency level of Biology teachers in organising practical work was high, which moderately influenced their attitudes toward practical work (r = 0.468, p = 0.010). The area of specialisation of Biology teachers contributed 19 % to their competency level (r = 0.19, p = 0.01). It is recommended that Senior High School Biology teachers in the Eastern Region of Ghana should make students perform practical work in groups and train students to perform practical work within stipulated time. Also, teachers should mark student’s practical work and provide immediate feedback, as this will make students do their corrections and perform better in Biology practical examinations.
Therapeutic and medicinal uses of lycopene: a systematic review

Lycopene is a carotenoid present in fruits and vegetables. The richest sources of lycopene are tomatoes and tomato products. The beneficial effects of lycopene in human health and disease are mainly associated with its antioxidant properties. Lycopene is a carotenoid with strongest antioxidant property because of its capability of quenching the singlet oxygen. Eleven conjugated double bonds of lycopene give it a deep red color and are responsible for its antioxidant activity which is major functional feature of lycopene. Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Although there are evidences from many epidemiological and cell culture and animal studies explaining the inverse relationship between lycopene and cancer or cardiovascular disease risk, more clinical trial data is needed to support this hypothesis. In this article we outline the possible mechanisms of action of lycopene and review the current understanding of its role in human health and disease prevention.