Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transformation in managers’ information seeking behaviour: a review of the literature

There has been a transformation in managers’ information seeking behaviour over the decades. Based on an extensive literature review, this article analyses the factors which have influenced managers’ choice of source preferences. The review reveals four key dimensions used to study source preferences, i.e. contextual, situational, personal/sociocultural, and informational and identifies common factors under each. The factors given main weight in the literature are accessibility, quality, and richness of the information, as well as individual and institutional characteristics. The article also reflects on the data collection techniques used in information needs studies.
Sample-driven schema mapping

End-users increasingly find the need to perform light-weight, customized schema mapping. State-of-the-art tools provide powerful functions to generate schema mappings, but they usually require an in-depth understanding of the semantics of multiple schemas and their correspondences, and are thus not suitable for users who are technically unsophisticated or when a large number of mappings must be performed. We propose a system for sample-driven schema mapping. It automatically constructs schema mappings, in real time, from user-input sample target instances. Because the user does not have to provide any explicit attribute-level match information, she is isolated from the possibly complex structure and semantics of both the source schemas and the mappings. In addition, the user never has to master any operations specific to schema mappings: she simply types data values into a spreadsheet-style interface. As a result, the user can construct mappings with a much lower cognitive burden. In this paper we present Mweaver, a prototype sample-driven schema mapping system. It employs novel algorithms that enable the system to obtain desired mapping results while meeting interactive response performance requirements. We show the results of a user study that compares Mweaver with two state-of-the-art mapping tools across several mapping tasks, both real and synthetic. These suggest that the Mweaver system enables users to perform practical mapping tasks in about 1/5th the time needed by the state-of-the-art tools.
Context-aware generalization for cube measures

Hierarchies are crucial for analysis in data warehouses. But they can hardly be defined on measure attributes. In this paper, we tackle this issue and we show that measure generalizations often depend on a context. For instance, a given blood pressure can be either low, normal or high regarding not only the collected measure but also characteristics of the patient such as the age. The contribution of this paper is threefold. (1) Thanks to an external database storing the expert knowledge, we propose an effective solution for considering these hierarchies. (2) In order to efficiently manage this knowledge, a Rich Internet Application is developed. (3) Finally, in order to provide a flexible analysis, query rewriting module is proposed. Thus, it is possible to answer queries such as: "Who had a low blood pressure last night? ''
Linking a Population Biobank with National Health Registries—The Estonian Experience

The Estonian population-based biobank, with 52,000 participants’ genetic and health data, is the largest epidemiological cohort in the Baltic region. Participants were recruited through a network of medical professionals throughout Estonia (population 1.34 million). Unique legislation as well as a broad consent form give the Estonian Genome Center, a research institute of the University of Tartu, permission to re-contact participants and to retrieve participants’ data from national registries and databases. In addition to two re-contacting projects to update the health data of participants, extensive clinical characterizations have been retrieved from national registries and hospital databases regularly since 2010. Acquiring data from electronic health records and registries has provided a means to update and enhance the database of the Genome Center in a timely manner and at low cost. The resulting database allows a wide spectrum of genomic and epidemiological research to be conducted with the aim of benefitting public health. Future plans include linking the genome center database with the national health information system through X-road and exchanging data in real time, as well as using the genetic data and the technical infrastructure available for piloting personalized medicine in Estonia.
Semi-Supervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Its Application for Document Classification

Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is an unsupervised topic modeling method widely applied in natural language processing. However, standard LDA does not permit the use of supervised labels to incorporate expert knowledge into the learning procedure. This paper describes a semi-supervised LDA (ssLDA) method that supports multiple-topic labels per document, to incorporate available expert knowledge during the model construction. This improvement enables the alignment of resulting model with human expectations for topic modeling and extraction. We apply ssLDA to document classification problem on benchmark datasets. We investigate and compare how the size of training set and proportion of supervised data affect the final model structure and improve the prediction accuracy.
A systematic review of chronic fatigue, its syndromes and ethnicity: prevalence, severity, co-morbidity and coping.

BACKGROUND Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is characterized by unexplained fatigue that lasts for at least 6 months alongside a constellation of other symptoms. CFS was historically thought to be most common among White women of higher socio-economic status. However, some recent studies in the USA suggest that the prevalence is actually higher in some minority ethnic groups. If there are convincing differences in prevalence and risk factors across all or some ethnic groups, investigating the causes of these can help unravel the pathophysiology of CFS. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to explore the relationship between fatigue, chronic fatigue (CF--fatigue lasting for 6 months), CFS and ethnicity. Studies were population-based and health service-based. Meta-analysis was also conducted to examine the population prevalence of CF and CFS across ethnic groups. RESULTS Meta-analysis showed that compared with the White American majority, African Americans and Native Americans have a higher risk of CFS [Odds Ratio (OR) 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-10.4; OR = 11.5, CI: 1.1-56.4, respectively] and CF (OR = 1.56, CI: 1.03-2.24; OR = 3.28, CI: 1.63-5.88, respectively). Minority ethnic groups with CF and CFS experience more severe symptoms and may be more likely to use religion, denial and behavioural disengagement to cope with their condition compared with the White majority. CONCLUSIONS Although available studies and data are limited, it does appear that some ethnic minority groups are more likely to suffer from CF and CFS compared with White people. Ethnic minority status alone is insufficient to explain ethnic variation of prevalence. Psychosocial risk factors found in high-risk groups and ethnicity warrant further investigation to improve our understanding of aetiology and the management of this complex condition.
A compact photo browser for smartphone imaging system with content-sensitive overlapping layout

People are encouraged to take more photos more easily and cost-effectively than ever due to the popularity of smart-phones equipped with a camera module. However, after taking many photos, it is a hard and tedious work to choose good quality photos from among all photos taken during travel. In addition, it requires us to organize and label by manual tagging and clustering memorable events. When we organize user's photos with smartphones, then there are other constraints, such as the small size of the screen panel. It is difficult to browse hundreds of photos with our fingers using most smartphones, such as iPhone and Galaxy S, with 3.5-4.3 inch screens. In addition, it is one interesting trend that smartphone users take multiple photos of a single scene to get good quality photo, since the image quality of a smart-phone camera is not clear compared to the general digital cameras and they are vulnerable to be shaken easily compared to high-end DSLR cameras. In this paper, we try to solve these problems in a small phone camera environment. We propose a novel method to place more than 100 photos effectively by overlapping identical photos(NIP). In addition, we exploit a light-weight spatio-temporal clustering algorithm for smartphone and two-pane interface with summarized photo collages. Our system helps people place more than 200 photos automatically in a single phone screen with a user-friendly browsing interface that enables us to set the viewing detail and overview configuration simultaneously. We conducted experiments to evaluate our system. The result shows that it accelerates browsing speed. A similar photo overlapping methodology enables us to obtain space efficiency of about 34% compared to the common grid-based photo layout system.
Electron impact excitation of helium-like ions up to n = 4 levels including radiation damping

Helium-like ions provide the most important x-ray spectral diagnostics in high temperature fusion and astrophysical plasmas. We previously presented computed collision strengths for O VII including relativistic fine structure, levels up to the n = 4 complex and radiation damping of autoionizing resonances. We have extended this work to other He-like ions (N, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca). The calculations are carried out using the Breit–Pauli R-matrix (BPRM) method with a 31-level eigenfunction expansion. Collision strengths for the principal lines important in x-ray plasma diagnostics, w, x, y and z, corresponding to the four transitions to the ground level , are explicitly shown. We find the effect of radiation damping to be significant for the forbidden transitions in heavier He-like ions, which should affect the diagnostic line ratios. We extrapolated the collision strengths to their values at infinite energy using the Burgess–Tully extrapolation technique. This is required to calculate the Maxwellian average collision strengths at high temperature. We show that the coupling between dipole-allowed and inter-combination transitions affects increasingly the effective collision strengths for the n1S0–n′3P1 transition as the charge of the ion increases. This clearly affects the treatment of the extrapolation towards the infinite energy point of the collision strength. This work is carried out as part of the Iron Project-RmaX network.
Sexual Dysfunction is Highly Prevalent Among Men with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Negatively Impacts Health-Related Quality of Life

OBJECTIVES:Although sexual dysfunction has been reported in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, little is known about this association. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among men with chronic HCV infection and to evaluate the impact of sexual dysfunction on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). METHODS:We prospectively enrolled 112 HCV positive men and 239 HCV negative controls, and all patients completed validated questionnaires to assess sexual function (Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory [BMSFI]), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and HRQOL (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36). The BMSFI assessed sexual drive, erection, ejaculation, sexual problem assessment, and overall sexual satisfaction.RESULTS:HCV positive men had significantly more sexual dysfunction than control subjects across all five domains of the BMFSI. In addition, HCV-infected men were significantly more likely than controls to not be sexually satisfied (53.6% vs 28.9%, p < 0.001) and this remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, race, and other potential confounding variables (OR = 3.36; 95% CI, 1.59–7.13). In the 241 individuals without depression, HCV positive men were significantly more likely to not be sexually satisfied as compared with control subjects (47.5% vs 11.0%, p < 0.001). HCV-infected men who were not sexually satisfied scored significantly worse in six of eight domains of HRQOL as compared with HCV-infected men who were sexually satisfied.CONCLUSIONS:Sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent in men with chronic HCV infection, is independent of depression, and is associated with a marked reduction in HRQOL.
A New Method for Identifying Recombinations of Existing Knowledge Associated with High‐Impact Innovation

How existing technologies and ideas are recombined into new innovations remains an important question, particularly as the store of prior technology, art, and work expands at an increasing rate. Yet, methodologies for identifying effective recombinations remain a nascent area of research. This paper extends our previous work, which developed a network methodology for assessing a scientific article's recombinations of prior work. The methodology uses information from the entire co-citation network of all papers recorded in the Web of Science to identify combinations of prior work that are conventional or atypical and then identifies the virtuous mix of conventional and atypical pairings associated with high impact work. Here, we summarize our prior method and findings, present new findings, and perform a case study application to the field of management science. First, the results show that despite an ever-increasing frontier of possible new combinations of prior work, atypical combinations of prior work are becoming increasingly rare with time, while the distribution of conventional pairings is increasing with time. Second, our analyses show that with time the atypical pairings found in hit papers have a relatively stable mean rate at which they become conventional pairing. Nevertheless, the variance around the mean is growing significantly, which indicates that there is a greater tendency over time for novel pairings either to be virtually never used again or to become conventional pairings.
Vision­based Hand Gesture Recognition for Human Computer Interaction: a Review

Evolution of user interfaces shapes the change in the human­computer interaction. With the rapid emergence of three­dimensional (3­D) applications; the need for a new type of interaction device arises as traditional devices such as mouse, keyboard, and joystick become inefficient and cumbersome within these virtual environments. Intuitive and naturalness characteristics of " Ha nd Gestures " in human computer interaction have been the driving force and motivation to develop an interaction device which can replace current unwieldy tools. This study is a survey on the methods of analyzing, modeling and recognizing hand gestures in the context of human­ computer interaction. Taxonomy of the methods based on the applications that they have been developed for and the approaches that they have used to represent gestures is presented. Direction of future developments is also discussed.
Long‐term no‐till and stover retention each decrease the global warming potential of irrigated continuous corn

Over the last 50 years, the most increase in cultivated land area globally has been due to a doubling of irrigated land. Long‐term agronomic management impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and global warming potential (GWP) in irrigated systems, however, remain relatively unknown. Here, residue and tillage management effects were quantified by measuring soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes and SOC changes (ΔSOC) at a long‐term, irrigated continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system in eastern Nebraska, United States. Management treatments began in 2002, and measured treatments included no or high stover removal (0 or 6.8 Mg DM ha−1 yr−1, respectively) under no‐till (NT) or conventional disk tillage (CT) with full irrigation (n = 4). Soil N2O and CH4 fluxes were measured for five crop‐years (2011–2015), and ΔSOC was determined on an equivalent mass basis to ~30 cm soil depth. Both area‐ and yield‐scaled soil N2O emissions were greater with stover retention compared to removal and for CT compared to NT, with no interaction between stover and tillage practices. Methane comprised <1% of total emissions, with NT being CH4 neutral and CT a CH4 source. Surface SOC decreased with stover removal and with CT after 14 years of management. When ΔSOC, soil GHG emissions, and agronomic energy usage were used to calculate system GWP, all management systems were net GHG sources. Conservation practices (NT, stover retention) each decreased system GWP compared to conventional practices (CT, stover removal), but pairing conservation practices conferred no additional mitigation benefit. Although cropping system, management equipment/timing/history, soil type, location, weather, and the depth to which ΔSOC is measured affect the GWP outcomes of irrigated systems at large, this long‐term irrigated study provides valuable empirical evidence of how management decisions can impact soil GHG emissions and surface SOC stocks.
Measurements and modelling of solid phase lithium sputtering

The absolute sputtering yields of D+, He+ and Li+ on deuterium saturated solid lithium have been measured and modelled at 45° incidence in the energy range 100-1000 eV. The Ion-surface InterAction Experiment (IIAX) was used to measure the absolute sputtering yield of lithium in the solid phase from bombardment with a Colutron ion source. The lithium sample was treated with a deuterium plasma from a hollow cathode source. Measurements also include bombardment of non-deuterium-saturated lithium surfaces. The results lead to the conclusion that the chemical state of the deuterium treated lithium surface plays a major role in the decrease of the lithium sputtering yield. Specifically, preferential sputtering of implanted deuterium atoms over lithium atoms in deuterium treated samples results in a decrease of at least 60% of the lithium sputtering yield, in the case of He+ bombardment. These results also demonstrate that lithium self-sputtering is well below unity and that the fraction of sputtered species in an ionic state ranges from 55 to 65% for incident particle energies between 100 and 1000 eV. Furthermore, correlation of Monte Carlo VFTRIM-3D simulations and IIAX experimental data demonstrate that the surface composition has a one to one ratio between deuterium and lithium components.
Instance-Driven Ontology Evolution in DL-Lite

The development and maintenance of large and complex ontologies are often time-consuming and error-prone. Thus, automated ontology learning and evolution have attracted intensive research interest. In data-centric applications where ontologies are designed from the data or automatically learnt from it, when new data instances are added that contradict the ontology, it is often desirable to incrementally revise the ontology according to the added data. In description logics, this problem can be intuitively formulated as the operation of TBox contraction, i.e., rational elimination of certain axioms from the logical consequences of a TBox, and it is w.r. t. an ABox. In this paper we introduce a model-theoretic approach to such a contraction problem by using an alternative semantic characterisation of DL-Lite TBoxes. We show that entailment checking (without necessarily first computing the contraction result) is in coNP, which does not shift the corresponding complexity in propositional logic, and the problem is tractable when the size of the new data is bounded.
Numerical taxonomy on data: experimental results

We consider the problem of fitting an n x n distance matrix D by a tree metric T. This problem is NP-hard for most reasonable distance functions between D and T. Recently, an approximation algorithm was presented (Agarwala et al., 1996) which achieves a factor of 3 approximation to the L infinity best fitting tree. We call this method the Single Pivot (SP) heuristic. Within the biology community, the so-called Neighbor-Joining (NJ) heuristic (Saitou and Nei, 1987) has wide acceptance. In this paper, we introduced a new Double Pivot (DP) heuristic, which is an extension of the SP heuristic, and show that DP outperforms NJ on biological and random data.
Design of hybrid PV-wind stand-alone renewable energy system: Case study

Abstract A systematic designed hybrid renewable energy system play an important role for the development of cost effective, highly reliable and continuity of energy supply in the rural areas. This paper presents the case study of Dhudhgaon village for the design of hybrid PV-Wind stand alone system. For simulation purpose, hourly electrical load profile, monthly solar radiation, monthly wind speed data and technical specification of all components has been generated and used as input data. The main objective of this study has to minimize total net present cost of the system also check the technical capability of system using other parameters like capacity shortage, renewable fraction, COE and excess energy. The well-known freeware HOMER research tool have been used for simulation and optimization of hybrid PV-Wind system.
A Robust Dictionary Learning Algorithm for Image Denoising

In many image processing applications, we encounter the problem of suppressing noise that obeys a non-Gaussian statistics. It is well known in the signal processing community that, in case of heavy-tailed non-Gaussian noise corruption, $\ell_1$ distortion is a more suitable metric for data fidelity. Dictionary based image denoising algorithms existing in the literature are typically aimed at minimizing the $\ell_2$ distortion metric, and hence not suitable for suppressing non-Gaussian or impulsive noise. In this paper, we develop a dictionary learning algorithm by minimizing the $\ell_1$ error. The proposed algorithm exploits the idea of iterative minimization of suitably weighted $\ell_2$ error. We refer to this algorithm as robust dictionary learning (RDL). We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm results in higher atom detection rate compared to the state-of-the-art $K$-SVD algorithm, both in case of Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise contamination. For real images, we observe clear superiority of the proposed RDL algorithm over its $\ell_2$ based counterpart, namely the $K$-SVD algorithm, in terms of the quality of denoised output.
Deviate N200 Component of Event‐Related Potentials in Shuchaku‐Seikaku, a Premorbid Personality of Depression

Abstract: Twenty‐one healthy subjects with Shuchaku‐Seikaku (SS), a premorbid personality of depression, and 44 control subjects were tested for event‐related potentials using the auditory odd ball paradigm. A higher percent of the N200 component was evoked by frequent task‐irrelevant stimuli in the Shuchaku‐Seikaku (81.0%) subjects than in the controls (45.5%). The mean amplitudes in the 50–100 ms latency range for task‐relevant rare stimuli were smaller; whereas, the amplitudes in the 100–200 ms range for task‐irrelevant frequent stimuli and the amplitudes in the 200–260 ms range for both stimuli were larger (shifted to negative direction) in the SS subjects than in the controls. The evidence suggests that the fully automatic detection process, which is assumed to be correlated with mismatch negativity, is hypoactivated and that a contrarily controlled or conscious mismatch process, which may be N2b, is hyperactivated in SS.