Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leaves in turbidite sands: The main source of oil and gas in the deep-water Kutei Basin, Indonesia

More than 6 tcf of gas and 200 million bbl of oil and condensate have been discovered in upper Miocene sandstones in the deep-water Kutei Basin, offshore East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chemical analyses of oil, gas, and condensate indicate derivation from land-plant source material. Conventional cores and cuttings of deep-water strata show that the best source rocks are sandstones, not shales. Organic material in deep-water sandstones includes laminar coaly fragments, pieces of wood, resinite, and other coaly debris. Laminar coaly fragments are dominant, and their size, shape, and cuticle structure indicate that they were leaf fragments. Fossil leaf fragments occur in all deep-water sandstone packages from the upper slope to the basin floor. Fossil leaf fragments were apparently carried into deep water by turbidity currents during lowstands of sea level. Within turbidite sandstones, fossil leaf fragments are concentrated in layers with up to 50 wt. % total organic carbon (TOC). Kerogen that was separated from these layers has hydrogen index values of 200–500 mg hydrocarbon/g TOC. Kutei Basin deep-water shales contain mainly silt-size vitrinite grains with poor generative qualities. Microscale sealed vessel pyrolysis and kinetic and generation modeling indicate that land-plant kerogens occurring in quantities similar to the upper Miocene sandstones are capable of generating the gas and oil found in deep-water fields. Hence, leaf fragments in turbidite sandstones are interpreted as the main source for deep-water oil and gas. Liquids derived from leaves have caused production problems that include high pour points because of high wax contents and emulsions formed when fatty acids combined with water.
Learning geography with GIS: Integrating GIS into upper secondary school geography curricula

The latest school reform in Norway, the Knowledge Promotion Reform, was implemented in 2006. The reform applies to the curriculum for upper secondary schools (pupils aged 16–19 years) and explicitly states that for a geography course taught two hours per week pupils should know how to use digital maps and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). While the reform does not provide any definition of GIS, the authors consider some alternative definitions. They also discuss some GIS-data viewers, GIS-based web applications, and GIS software. Based on responses from a questionnaire survey focusing on geography teachers in Norway, the article presents the state of the art regarding teachers' attitudes towards integrating GIS in teaching. The main barriers to introducing GIS in teaching, as identified in the United Kingdom, are also re-examined and it is assessed whether they apply to Norway. To avoid major obstacles, most school researchers advocate that GIS should be introduced according to a ‘learning with GIS’ approach. The authors reach a similar conclusion and advocate that the integration of GIS into Norwegian classrooms should happen through evolution rather than revolution. In practical terms this mean that geography teachers should start with GIS-based web applications and/or free GIS-data viewers.
A Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of High Stability of Luminescent Zero Dimensional–Two Dimensional CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot/1,4-bis(4-methylstyryl)benzene Nanoplate Heterostructures at an Atmospheric Condition

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs), emerging with excellent bright-green photoluminescence (PL) and a large absorption coefficient, are of great potential for the fabrication of light sources in underwater optical wireless communication systems. However, the instability caused by low formation energy and abundant surface traps is still a major concern for perovskite-based light sources in underwater conditions. Herein, we propose ultra-stable zero dimensional–two dimensional (0D–2D) CsPbBr3 QD/1,4-bis(4-methylstyryl)benzene (p-MSB) nanoplate (NP) heterostructures synthesized via a facile approach at room temperature in air. CsPbBr3 QDs can naturally nucleate on the p-MSB NP toluene solution, and the radiative combination is drastically intensified owing to the electron transfer within the typical type-II heterostructures, leading to a sharply increased PLQY of the heterostructure thin films up to 200% compared with the pristine sample. The passivation of defects within CsPbBr3 QDs can be effectively realized with the existence of p-MSB NPs, and thus the obviously improved PL is steadily witnessed in an ambient atmosphere and thermal environment. Meanwhile, the enhanced humidity stability and a peak EQE of 9.67% suggests a synergetic strategy for concurrently addressing the knotty problems on unsatisfied luminous efficiency and stability of perovskites for high-performance green-emitting optoelectronic devices in underwater applications.
Seismic anisotropy in the shallow crust of the Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas Fault System

We study seismic anisotropy beneath the Santa Cruz Mountains using digital recordings of S waves from 60 aftershocks of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (Mω = 7.0) recorded at 18 local stations. Three-component particle motion covariance matrix decomposition combined with a cross-correlation method is used to estimate the polarization direction of the fast shear wave arrival and the delay time between the split shear waves. Results from this procedure are compared with those obtained through visual inspection of horizontal particle motions. Inclusion of the vertical component in the particle motion analysis allows the recognition and elimination of S to P converted phases from our study. Uncertainties in the polarization of the fast shear wave and in the delay time between arrival of the fast and slow waves are estimated to be about 20° and 10 ms, respectively. About half of the S wave records examined show clear evidence of shear wave splitting. Two persistent polarization directions of fast shear wave arrivals are observed regardless of the focal mechanism and hypocenter location of the individual events; 52% of the polarizations are parallel to the strike of the San Andreas fault (NW-SE), and 24% are parallel to the probable direction of local maximum horizontal compressive stress (NE-SW). The fault-parallel fast polarization direction dominates at 10 stations and may result from mineral or fracture alignment caused by shearing along the plate boundary. The fast polarization direction perpendicular to the local axes of minimum horizontal compressive stress dominates at one station farthest from the San Andreas fault and is consistent with the hypothesis of extensive dilatancy anisotropy (EDA), where parallel alignment of fluid-filled fractures produces the anisotropy. The predominance of fault-parallel fast shear wave polarizations indicates that the use of shear wave splitting results to deduce the orientation of local axes of principal stress may not always yield accurate results. The splitting time between fast and slow shear waves varies from 10 to 125 ms and shows no systematic relationship with either hypocentral distance or focal depth. This suggests that the seismic anisotropy is no deeper than 2 km, the depth of the shallowest earthquakes analyzed. For an anisotropic zone 2 km thick, the average velocity anisotropy is about 5% in our study region.
Marine Reptiles (Plesiosauria and Mosasauridae) from the Puskwaskau Formation (Santonian–Campanian), West-Central Alberta

Abstract Plesiosaurs and mosasaurs are identified from the Puskwaskau Formation of west-central Alberta, Canada. These deposits record the final stages during which the Western Interior Seaway remained open to the Boreal Sea to the North and therefore are important for determining the ranges of high-latitude marine reptiles. Polycotylid and elasmosaurid plesiosaurs shared these waters with russellosaurine (including plioplatecarpine) mosasaurs suggesting a diverse ecology of large-bodied marine predators occupied these high-latitude waters in the early Campanian. This locality, situated at 65°N paleolatitude, helps link the poorly known faunas from northern Canada with the better-known faunas from central and southern North America. Rare articulated material from the Puskwaskau Formation urges further investigation of this poorly explored unit.
Ascertaining the Influence of Lacto-Fermentation on Changes in Bovine Colostrum Amino and Fatty Acid Profiles

Simple Summary Bovine colostrum (BCOL) is rich in functional molecular ingredients, which can be used in human nutrition. However, the lack of data concerning changes in the main nutrients of colostrum during technological processing often limits its application at an industrial scale. Moreover, using colostrum for food enrichment or supplement production requires considering the changes in colostrum constituents that may occur during processing. The aim of this study was to collect samples of BCOL from different agricultural companies (A, B, C, D and E) in Lithuania and to evaluate the influence of lacto-fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain 135 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain 244 on bovine colostrum amino (AA), biogenic amine (BA) and fatty acid (FA) profiles. It was established that the composition of AA and FA profiles in bovine colostrum varied, and these differences are related to both the source of colostrum samples and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used for bovine colostrum fermentation. Moreover, LAB fermentation leads to different BA formations during the process. Finally, the utilization of bovine colostrum proved to be challenging because of the variability in its composition. For successful bovine colostrum application at an industrial scale, its composition should be adjusted starting from the primary production. Abstract The aim of this study was to collect samples of bovine colostrum (BCOL) from different sources (agricultural companies A, B, C, D and E) in Lithuania and to ascertain the influence of lacto-fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain 135 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain 244 on the changes in bovine colostrum amino (AA), biogenic amine (BA), and fatty acid (FA) profiles. It was established that the source of the bovine colostrum, the used LAB, and their interaction had significant effects (p < 0.05) on AA contents; lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used for fermentation was a significant factor for aspartic acid, threonine, glycine, alanine, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, and tyrosine; and these factor’s interaction is significant on most of the detected AA concentrations. Total BA content showed significant correlations with glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, and gamma amino-butyric acid content in bovine colostrum. Despite the differences in individual FA contents in bovine colostrum, significant differences were not found in total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Finally, the utilization of bovine colostrum proved to be challenging because of the variability on its composition. These results suggest that processing bovine colostrum into value-added formulations for human consumption requires the adjustment of its composition since the primary production stage. Consequently, animal rearing should be considered in the employed bovine colostrum processing technologies.
Evolution of the Main Ethiopian Rift in the frame of Afar and Kenya rifts propagation

The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) has a complex structural pattern composed of southern, central, and northern segments. Ages of onset of faulting and volcanism apparently indicate a heterogeneous time‐space evolution of the segments, generally referred to as a northward progression of the rifting process. New structural, petrological, and geochronological data have been used to attempt reconciling the evolution of the distinct MER segments into a volcanotectonic scenario accounting for the propagation of the Afar and the Kenya Rifts. In this evolutionary model, extension affected the Southern MER in the early Miocene (20–21 Ma) due to the northward propagation of the Kenya Rift‐related deformation. This event lasted until 11 Ma, then deformation decreased radically and was resumed in Quaternary times. In the late Miocene (11 Ma), deformation focused in the Northern MER forming a proto‐rift that we consider as the southernmost propagation of Afar. No major extensional deformation affected the Central MER in this period, as testified by the emplacement at 12–8 Ma of extensive plateau basalts currently outcropping on both rift margins. Significant rift opening occurred in the Central MER during the Pliocene (∼5–3 Ma) with the eruption of voluminous ignimbritic covers (Nazret sequence) exposed both on the rift shoulders and on the rift floor. The apparent discrepancy between the heterogeneous propagation of the three MER segments could be reconciled by considering the opening of Central MER and the later reactivation of the Southern MER as due to a southward propagation of rifting triggered by counterclockwise rotation of the Somalian plate starting around 10 Ma.
A NEW SEA SPIDER (ARTHROPODA: PYCNOGONIDA) WITH A FLAGELLIFORM TELSON FROM THE LOWER DEVONIAN HUNSRÜCK SLATE, GERMANY

Abstract: A new Lower Devonian sea spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Hunsrück Slate, Germany, is described as Flagellopantopus blocki gen. et sp. nov. This is only the sixth fossil pycnogonid species to be described. Its most remarkable and unique aspect is the long, flagelliform telson. Although our fossil apparently lacks chelifores (an apomorphy), the retained telson and the segmented trunk end behind the last pair of legs resolve F. blocki to a fairly basal position in the pycnogonid stem lineage. It probably lies between Palaeoisopus problematicus Broili, which has a lanceolate telson and the most trunk segments of any sea spider, and all other Silurian–Recent Pycnogonida. Our new material shows that at least two fossil pycnogonids retained a telson, albeit with very different morphologies, and further supports the idea that a greater diversity of body plans existed among the Palaeozoic pycnogonid taxa.
Improvement Axial Dispersion Calculation in Fibrous Garnished Fixed Beds Using the Neural Method

To determine accurately the physical modeling of flow through porous media and / or in chemical reactors, especially in the field of low Reynolds numbers, it is essential to compute the coefficient of axial dispersion. In prior studies, we employed the neural method to compute axial dispersion within fixed beds with parallelepiped and spherical packings. In the present study we apply the same method of calculation on heterogeneous fixed beds with large anisotropy using data from Poirier and Trinh on fibrous beds. Such an investigation could be however very useful while one has the desire to predict the mixing process to characterize the axial dispersion in fixed beds of anisotropic particles and when experimental measurements are not accessible and / or difficult to implement as for reactors and / or industrial complex porous media. To show also the robustness and applicability of this method, the calculation results obtained will be modeled using expressions similar to those proposed by Poirier and Trinh, so that we can compare our results with those obtained by these authors, under the same operating conditions. Furthermore, our study offers a comprehensive analysis encompassing all three examined fixed bed configurations, namely parallelepiped, spherical, and fibrous arrangements.
Perth (Australia) as one of the world's most liveable cities: a perspective on society, sustainability and environment

Purpose – Rankings of the world's cities by a liveability factor have become increasingly significant in the media, among governments and city councils in the promotion of cities, as well as academics interested in understanding the impact of quantifying liveability on urban planning and the relationship of liveability indices and tourism. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – While examining characteristics of liveable cities according to some of the widely reported liveability indices, such as those produced by Mercer, Monocle magazine and the Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU), the authors provide a snapshot of Perth as a liveable city and consider liveability in relation to urban tourism, sustainability and environment. Perth's liveability ranking is discussed in terms of environmental sustainability, noting that for Perth to retain its position as one of the world's most liveable cities, consideration must be given to sustainable planning and environmental practices at pol.
Where is the Sport Science in American Football?

Despite enormous revenue production and a recent trend of investment in sport medicine research, American football has yet to make a measurable investment in sport performance science research. As a result, available knowledge is presently skewed toward technical and tactical domains, with very little knowledge development occurring in other areas within the sport science realm. In this editorial, we discuss plausible contributing factors to the current situation, and suggest ways to resolve this issue and move forward for the betterment of the sport.
UN NUEVO DINOSAURIO ORNITISQUIO TRIASICO (PISANOSAURUS MERTII; ORNITHOPODA) DE LA FORMACION ISCHIGUALASTO, ARGENTINA

A new triassic ornithischian dinosaur (Pisanosaurus mertii; Ornithopoda) trom the Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina. - Some ilustrative skeletal remains of a small reptilian form, from the triassic Ischigualasto Forrnation, San Juan Province, Argentina, are studied. Alter a short general introduation to the problem, the new form is described and, specially on the morphology of jaws and dentition, to el very primitive representative of the Omithischia finally asigned.
Downtowns: Revitalizing the Centers of Small Urban Communities

Part One: Introduction 1: Downtowns and Small City Development Part Two: Some Principles of Downtown Revitalization and Four Case Studies 2: Downtown Development Principles for Small Cities 3: The Emergence of a Competitive Core: Bifurcation Dynamics in Billings, Montana 4: An Assessment of a Downtown Revitalization in Five Small Wisconsin Communities 5: Downtown Redevelopment in Selected Oregon Coastal Communities 6: A Multi-faceted approach to Downtown Revitalization (Brandon, Canada) Part Three: Urban Design and Infrastructure Redevelopment 7: Re-engaging the Public in the Art of Community Place-Making 8: Towards a Typology of Urban Design Problems and Solutions for Downtown Revitalization: Some Evidence from the Mayor's Institute on City Design 9: Disaster Recovery in a Progressive City: Santa Cruz, California Part Four: Waterfront and Brownfields Redevelopment 10: Waterfront Planning as a Strategic Incentive to Downtown Enhancement and Livability 11: Brownfield Restoration and Waterfront Redevelopment in Wisconsin's Fox Valley Cities Part Five: Retail and Commercial Redevelopment of Downtowns 12: Managing the Growth of Retail Space: Retail Market Dynamics in Lawrence, Kansas 13: An Evaluation of Downtown Economic Redevelopment Strategies in Small Urban Centres 14: Does Size Matter? Successful Economic Development Strategies of Small Cities Part Five: Conclusion 15: Keeping Faith: What We Know About Downtown Revitalization in Small Urban Centres
Modelling hydrological management for the restoration of acidified floating fens

Wetlands show a large decline in biodiversity. To protect and restore this biodiversity, many restoration projects are carried out. Hydrology in wetlands controls the chemical and biological processes and may be the most important factor regulating wetland function and development. Hydrological models may be used to simulate these processes and to evaluate management scenarios for restoration. HYDRUS2D, a combined saturated–unsaturated groundwater flow and transport model, is presented. This simulates near‐surface hydrological processes in an acidified floating fen, with the aim to evaluate the effect of hydrological restoration in terms of conditions for biodiversity. In the acidified floating fen in the nature reserve Ilperveld (The Netherlands), a trench system was dug for the purpose of creating a runoff channel for acid rainwater in wet periods and to enable circum‐neutral surface water to enter the fen in dry periods. The model is calibrated against measured conductivity values for a 5 year period. From the model simulations, it was found that lateral flow in the floating raft is limited. Furthermore, the model shows that the best management option is a combination of trenches and inundation, which gave the best soil water quality in the root zone. It is concluded that hydrological models can be used for the calculation of management scenarios in restoration projects. The combined saturated–unsaturated model concept used in this paper is able to incorporate the governing hydrological processes in the wetland root zones. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marketing Mix on Purchase Intention and its Impact on the Decision to Purchase Somethinc Products

Purpose: Investigate the influence of the marketing mix on consumer purchase intentions and its impact on consumer purchasing decisions for Somethinc products in Indonesia. In addition, the study analyzes the moderating effects of age, income, and culture on purchase intentions and purchase decisions. Theoretical framework: This research utilizes the marketing mix (Product characteristics, Affordable prices, Easy access to products, and Price promotions) concept based on prior studies in the realm of marketing and consumer behavior. Within the context of beauty and personal care products, these variables are purported to exert influence on one another. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected through questionnaires sent to 275 consumers of Somethinc products. SmartPLS was utilized to evaluate hypotheses using structural equation modeling. Findings: Product characteristics, affordable prices, easy access to products, and price promotions positively and significantly affect purchase intention. The intention to purchase also influences the decision to purchase. The most influential variable in the context of purchase intention is price promotions. A moderating effect of age, income, and culture was also found between purchase intention and purchase decision. Research, Practical & Social implications: The discoveries provide invaluable insights for marketing managers seeking to refine their approach to price promotions, which significantly impact consumer behavior. Originality/Value: It provides valuable insight into how marketing mix strategies impact consumer purchase behavior. Marketers looking to improve their strategies in this fiercely competitive market segment can benefit from the findings. They contribute to the existing body of marketing research.