Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Playing together, laughing together: rapid facial mimicry and social sensitivity in lowland gorillas

Abstract In nonhuman animals, the phenomenon of rapid facial mimicry (RFM)—the automatic, involuntary, and rapid (<1 s) replication of others’ facial expressions—has been mainly investigated in the playful domain. In immature lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla both play face (PF) and full PF (FPF) are rapidly mimicked between the players. This makes the species suitable to test hypotheses on the factors influencing RFM during play. The observations on 3 captive groups of lowland gorillas (N = 27) revealed that contrary to expectations, the closeness of social bond negatively influenced the occurrence of RFM but it did not affect either RFM latency or its overlapping index (OVERLAP). RFM was affected by the degree of symmetry of play fighting: the more balanced the session, the higher the occurrence of RFM. Players of the same sex class responded faster than players of different sex. These findings suggest that RFM may help synchronizing behaviors of playmates matching in size (same-sex) and promote symmetric playful interactions. “Laughing together” (measured by the RFM OVERLAP) lasted longer when the responder perfectly mirrored the partner expression (PF→PF; FPF→FPF). If PF and FPF convey information on the different play roughness degree, through “laughing together” the players could coordinate their actions and share positive moods and playful intensity. If the perfect congruency in the motor resonance, also known as social sensitivity, can foster a possible emotional dialogue between gorillas remains to be investigated.
Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaf extract improves Anxity impairment induced by tropane alkaloids extracted from Datura stramonium

The alkaloid extract of datura stramonium (rich of atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine) is used to evaluate its effect on the central nervous system in rats (locomotion, anxiety). The animals received the alkaloid extract of datura by intraperitoneal injection. However, after the injection a group of rats got an inhibitory treatment contain flavonoids extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis. At the dose of 50 mg/kg/body weight of the alkaloid extract, the female rats have shown a reduction of locomotor activity and an induction of an anxiogenic effect. In the other hand, the mixture of Datura stramonium and Rosmarinus officinalis showed a neuroprotective action with regard to the disorders induced by extracts of Datura stramonium.
A fundamental study of an infront curve kick in football

The purpose of this study is to analyze the fundamental characteristics that cause a (soccer) football to spin in an infront curve kick. An experimental study of players carrying out an infront curve kick was observed using a high-speed camera (FASTCAM-ultima), capable of recording at 4500 frames per second with a resolution of 256 x 256 pixels. The average foot velocity was found to be 24.2 m/s and the average ball velocity was 27.1 m/s. The average spin rate of the infront curve kick in this study was 7.8 revolutions per second and the average attacking angle was found to be 35.4 degrees. A finite element study of the kick was carried out and was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The study showed that a foot orientation at impact, with the attacking angle between the face vector and the swing vector, generates the optimum moment with which to generate ballspin for an infront curve kick.
The Formation of Subsequent Entrepreneurial Intention: Happiness Matters

Subsequent entrepreneurial intention is a good predictor of serial entrepreneurial endeavors which facilitate the sustainability of economic growth. Previous research has investigated the influence of economic outcomes on continuous engagement in entrepreneurial activities. However, despite frequent calls by scholars, limited attention has been given to the psychological factors that could explain how economic performance influences intention. This study aims at answering some of these questions, including whether entrepreneurs are willing to continue creating new ventures after achieving positive economic feedback from their current business, and what the psychological drivers are behind such intentions. Borrowing insights from the field of positive psychology, this study develops a framework to understand the role of the performance of a firm and happiness in the subsequent intention formation process, testing the mediated moderation effect using data collected from 1019 entrepreneurs in China. The results show that current firm performance significantly enhances subsequent entrepreneurial intention, while the relationship is mediated by the happiness of the entrepreneurs. Family cohesion attenuates the influence of firm performance on happiness, which shows that for entrepreneurs, family issues play an important role in their mental state. The theoretical and practical implications of the framework are also discussed.
Uncovering predictability of individual and team success: 
Significant Hot Hand Effect in International Cricket

We investigate the predictability and persistence (hot-hand effect) of individual and team performance by analyzing the complete recorded history of international cricket. We introduce an original temporal representation of performance streaks, which is suitable to be modelled as a self-exciting point process. We confirm the presence of predictability and hot-hands across the individual performance and the absence of the same in team performance and game outcome. Thus, Cricket is a game of skill for individuals and a game of chance for the teams. Our study contributes to recent historiographical debates concerning the presence of persistence in individual and collective productivity and success. The introduction of several metrics and methods can be useful to test and exploit clustering of performance in the study of human behavior and design of algorithms for predicting success.
Students' Attitudes and Perceptions of Smart Online Learning through Podcast Content Development

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic spreading around the globe, it has affected many fields of human life, including educational services. It has been closed for months to eradicate the transmission of its virus. Corresponding to the situation, which changes dramatically, the educational institutions made some transformations and innovations to keep the class and instructional running safely for all by moving the regular sitting class face-to-face to online learning. Educational institutions, as well as podcasts, have developed several online learning media. This study explored the students' attitudes and preference towards creating content for online learning materials/ content by utilizing podcasts in innovative learning through an online survey of 84 students. The study results showed that most respondents (80%) stated that they were about to be enthusiastic, welcoming a new pattern of the instructional process by applying podcasts to develop subject content. The ﬁndings show the respondents’ attitudes and perceptions toward Podcast Content Development for Smart Learning are very positive with efficiency (80%), accessibility (90%), interactivity (90%), quality (82%). They preferred to access online learning materials by maximizing the smartphone as its effective and efficient reason. They tend to have brief and meaningful content considering the size and broadband connectivity to achieve flexible and convenient online classes for smart learning
Implementing “ethical space”: An exploratory study of Indigenous‐conservation partnerships

An “ethical space” approach is conceptualized as one way to balance asymmetrical power and respectfully engage diverse worldviews in Indigenous‐conservation partnerships. However, published literature offers little insight into how ethical space is implemented in practice. Using a literature review and interviews, we identify two key traits and two sub‐traits of creating ethical space: engagement, and the two sub‐traits of dialogic processes and principles, and the trait of introspection and reflection. Engagement involves interactions between Indigenous peoples and conservation organizations, often through dialogic processes to build learning and trust. Principle‐based engagement must focus on empowering Indigenous ownership over conservation work. Creating a space for introspection and reflection can deconstruct colonial hierarchies and unequal power dynamics and allow Indigenous‐led approaches to take root.
SARS-CoV-2 Variants, RBD Mutations, Binding Affinity, and Antibody Escape

Since 2020, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been constantly mutating, producing most of the notable missense mutations in the context of “variants of concern”, probably in response to the vaccine-driven alteration of immune profiles of the human population. The Delta variant, in particular, has become the most prevalent variant of the epidemic, and it is spreading in countries with the highest vaccination rates, causing the world to face the risk of a new wave of the contagion. Understanding the physical mechanism responsible for the mutation-induced changes in the RBD’s binding affinity, its transmissibility, and its capacity to escape vaccine-induced immunity is the “urgent challenge” in the development of preventive measures, vaccines, and therapeutic antibodies against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study, entropy–enthalpy compensation and the Gibbs free energy change were used to analyze the impact of the RBD mutations on the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 variants with the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and existing antibodies. Through the analysis, we found that the existing mutations have already covered almost all possible detrimental mutations that could result in an increase of transmissibility, and that a possible mutation in amino-acid position 498 of the RBD can potentially enhance its binding affinity. A new calculation method for the binding energies of protein–protein complexes is proposed based on the entropy–enthalpy compensation rule. All known structures of RBD–antibody complexes and the RBD–ACE2 complex comply with the entropy–enthalpy compensation rule in providing the driving force behind the spontaneous protein–protein docking. The variant-induced risk of breakthrough infections in vaccinated people is attributed to the L452R mutation’s reduction of the binding affinity of many antibodies. Mutations reversing the hydrophobic or hydrophilic performance of residues in the spike RBD potentially cause breakthrough infections of coronaviruses due to the changes in geometric complementarity in the entropy–enthalpy compensations between antibodies and the virus at the binding sites.
Estimating Economic Losses Caused by COVID-19 under Multiple Control Measure Scenarios with a Coupled Infectious Disease—Economic Model: A Case Study in Wuhan, China

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has caused an unprecedented public health crisis and drastically impacted the economy. The relationship between different control measures and economic losses becomes a research hotspot. Methods: In this study, the SEIR infectious disease model was revised and coupled with an economic model to quantify this nonlinear relationship in Wuhan. The control measures were parameterized into two factors: the effective number of daily contacts (people) (r); the average waiting time for quarantined patients (day) (g). Results: The parameter r has a threshold value that if r is less than 5 (people), the number of COVID-19 infected patients is very close to 0. A “central valley” around r = 5~6 can be observed, indicating an optimal control measure to reduce economic losses. A lower value of parameter g is beneficial to stop COVID-19 spread with a lower economic cost. Conclusion: The simulation results demonstrate that implementing strict control measures as early as possible can stop the spread of COVID-19 with a minimal economic impact. The quantitative assessment method in this study can be applied in other COVID-19 pandemic areas or countries.
Loan Officers Impede Graduation from Microfinance: Strategic Disclosure in a Large Microfinance Institution

One of the most important puzzles in microfinance is the low rate of borrower graduation to larger, more flexible loans. Utilizing observational and experimental data from a large Chilean microfinance institution, we demonstrate that loan officers impede borrower graduation due to common features of their compensation contracts. Our partner lender offers both microloans and larger, more flexible graduation loans, and relies on loan officer endorsements to determine borrower graduation. Loan officers are rewarded for the size of their portfolio and repayment, and so are implicitly penalized when good borrowers graduate. In an experiment designed to isolate strategic disclosure, we modify compensation to reduce this implicit penalty and document that loan officers withheld endorsements of their most qualified borrowers prior to the shift. Graduated borrowers endorsed after the shift are 34% more profitable for our partner lender than those endorsed beforehand. A back-ofthe-envelope calculation suggests that strategic behavior of loan officers accounts for $4.8-29.2 billion in lost social value from forgone borrower graduations in microfinance worldwide. Our experimental design may prove useful for other experiments within firms. ∗We thank Daniela Aizencang, Tomás Alburquerque, Shreya Chandra, Ana Paula Franco, and Astha Vohra for outstanding research assistance on this project. We are grateful to Nava Ashraf, Oriana Bandiera, Abhijit Banerjee, Emily Breza, Shawn Cole, Bob Gibbons, Dean Karlan, Asim Khwaja, Cynthia Kinnan, Rocco Macchiavello, Charity Troyer Moore, Ben Olken, Rohini Pande, Antoinette Schoar, and Chris Woodruff for helpful discussions. This project was implemented in collaboration with J-PAL Latin America and the Caribbean. We also thank the HBS Latin America Research Center for support. This project is registered in the AEA RCT Registry (AEARCTR-0004963) and was approved by IRB at Harvard University.
Seismic Vulnerability & Emergency Response Analyses of UDOT Lifelines

Earthquakes damage transportation infrastructure. In addition to replacement and repair costs for damage to transportation structures, large earthquakes can increase time delays resulting from a network component's loss of function. Damage to the network can severely disrupt traffic flows for several months or years. The Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) recognizes the risks posed by these hazards and initiated this analysis. Impacts on road users can be estimated in terms of user costs from travel time delay. This report presents estimated traffic disruption user delay costs resulting from two earthquake scenarios in Utah. The VISUM traffic macro-simulation model was used to estimate the delay-based user costs. Road segments, which are vulnerable yet critical to detour traffic following an earthquake, are prioritized for rehabilitation. The calculated user costs show that the Taylorsville Scenario would incur $65 million, which is significantly lower than the Wasatch Scenario of $1,312 billion. Links that are susceptible to damage in one scenario, but critical in carrying detour traffic for the other scenario, are defined as lifelines. A shortlist of lifelines is provided for each earthquake scenario with detailed information, including names, directions, and addresses.
Building Venture Capital Industries: Understanding the U.S. and Israeli Experiences

During the growth phase of every venture capita (VC) business cycle, it seems as though both local and national governments in various countries initiate policies aimed at establishing VC industries as part of a high-technology economic development strategy. It is remarkable how each time there seems to be a proliferation of ill-advised policies that are usually reminiscent of the ones tried during the previous phase. Not surprisingly, in a distressingly large number of cases, the “new” policies to foster VC meet with minimal success or fail outright. While the causes of failure are undoubtedly multiple, there is ample room for believing that often the policies were based on asimplistic or incomplete understanding of the roots and dynamics that have led to the development of self-sustaining national VC industries. This paper uses historically informed case studies of Israel and the U.S. to develop an appreciative model of how the VC industries in these two nations came into being.1 Our model and understanding of this process is deliberately evolutionary and systemic. We believe that this perspective is the only one capable of providing both scholars and policy-makers with a grounded understanding of the emergence and development of the VC industries in these two nations.
The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth

There is a widespread consensus between researchers that entrepreneurship is considered as the missing link explaining economic growth in countries. Despite the rapid upsurge in the number of researches conducted in that field, the diverse approaches and methodologies have led to contrasting findings and could not reach a common understanding that embraces the whole convolution related to entrepreneurial activity. Based on an unbalanced panel data consisting of 86 developed and developing countries covering annual data for the period 1996-2015, this research empirically investigates the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth by adopting different measures of entrepreneurship and different estimation techniques. The empirical findings suggest that economic growth does not only embrace the factors that affect growth directly, but it is also affected by those essential determinants that shape the decisions of economic agents such as institutions.
Communication and Design Process Planning: Initial Insights from Literature and Industry Interviews

There is a complementary and bi-directional relationship between communication among design process participants and the planning activity in design. However, while often implied, this relationship is rarely discussed directly in the literature. This paper reports on the first year of a PhD research project to explore this relationship through an empirical study of engineering industry. We discuss the relationship between design planning and communication as revealed in the literature. This is supported by seven interviews with designers and managers in a range of companies and market sectors, between 1 and 3 hours in duration. The paper highlights the reciprocal relationship between how communication enhances the planning activity and how the planning activity enables communication. We discuss further work to explore this area through a survey to investigate how planning practice is conducted in industry. By better understanding the relationship between planning and communication in design, we hope to identify new directions for research into tools and methodologies to improve planning practice in industry.
Achieving Artificial Intelligence through Building Robots

We argue that generally accepted methodologies of artificial intelligence research are limited in the proportion of human level intelligence they can be expected to emulate. We argue that the currently accepted decompositions and static representations used in such research are wrong. We argue for a shift to a process based model, with a decomposition based on task achieving behaviors as the organizational principle. In particular we advocate building robotic insects.
Efficacy of Yiqi Jianpi anti-cancer prescription combined with chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer after operation

BACKGROUND At present, colorectal cancer is routinely treated with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy postoperatively. The adverse effects (AEs) of chemotherapy usually interrupt the treatment of chemotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated great potential in improving patients' clinical symptoms, regulating the immune function, improving the life quality, and reducing the AEs of chemotherapy. AIM To observe the clinical efficacy of Yiqi Jianpi anti-cancer prescription combined with chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer after operation. METHODS Data from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between January 2019 and February 2021 were collected from Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Patients receiving the chemotherapy regimen of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) after radical resection of colorectal cancer were prospectively collected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was given Yiqi Jianpi anti-cancer prescription combined with the CAPOX regimen, while the control group was given the CAPOX regimen alone. After six cycles of chemotherapy, the scores of TCM symptoms, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) score, levels of T-cell subsets, and AEs after chemotherapy of the two groups were compared. RESULTS A total of 70 patients were randomly divided into either an experimental group (n = 35, no dropout) or a control group (n = 33, with 2 dropouts). Compared with the control group, the experimental group improved significantly (P < 0.05) in scores of TCM symptoms, KPS score, levels of T-cell subsets, and AEs of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Yiqi Jianpi anti-cancer prescription can effectively improve spleen deficiency, regulate the immune function, and alleviate the AEs of chemotherapy, so as to improve the life quality of patients with good therapeutic effects and application prospect in clinical practice.
MtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla)

Crenicichla is the largest and most widely distributed genus of Neotropical cichlids. Here, we analyze a mtDNA dataset comprising 681 specimens (including Teleocichla, a putative ingroup of Crenicichla) and 77 out of 105 presently recognized valid species (plus 10 out of 36 nominal synonyms plus over 50 putatively new species) from 129 locations in 31 major river drainages throughout the whole distribution of the genus in South America. Based on these data we make an inventory of diversity and highlight taxa and biogeographic areas worthy of further sampling effort and conservation protection. Using three methods of molecular species delimitation, we find between 126 and 168 species-like clusters, i.e., an average increase of species diversity of 65–121% with a range of increase between species groups. The increase ranges from 0% in the Missioneira and Macrophthama groups, through 25–40% (Lacustris group), 50–87% (Reticulata group, Teleocichla), 68–168% (Saxatilis group), 125–200% (Wallacii group), and 158–241% in the Lugubris group. We found a high degree of congruence between clusters derived from the three used methods of species delimitation. Overall, our results recognize substantially underestimated diversity in Crenicichla including Teleocichla. Most of the newly delimited putative species are from the Amazon-Orinoco-Guiana (AOG) core area (Greater Amazonia) of the Neotropical region, especially from the Brazilian and Guiana shield areas of which the former is under the largest threat and largest degree of environmental degradation of all the Amazon.
Interference-limited MIMO relaying systems over Nakagami-m fading channels

The performance of dual-hop MIMO amplify-and-forward relaying systems over an interference-limited Nakagami- m fading environment is investigated. Specifically, assuming the presence of multiple Nakagami- m faded co-channel interferers at the relay and a noisy destination, the closed-form expression for the outage probability is derived. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis.