Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immigrant Assimilation and Welfare Participation : Do Immigrants Assimilate Into or Out-of Welfare Jörgen

This Discussion Paper is issued within the framework of IZA's research areas 0RELOLW\\DQGG)OH[LELOLW\\ RII /DERUU 0DUNHWV 7KHH :HOIDUHH 6WDWHH DQGG /DERUU 0DUNHWV DQGG *HQHUDOO /DERUU (FRQRPLFV Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the institute. Research disseminated by IZA may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent, nonprofit limited liability company (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung) supported by the Deutsche Post AG. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. The current research program deals with (1) mobility and flexibility of labor markets, (2) internationalization of labor markets and European integration, (3) the welfare state and labor markets, (4) labor markets in transition, (5) the future of work, (6) project evaluation and (7) general labor economics. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. This paper analyzes differences in welfare utilization between immigrants and natives in Sweden using a large panel data set, LINDA, for the years 1990 to 1996. Both welfare expenditures and immigration increased in Sweden in the 1990's. We find that immigrants use welfare to a greater extent than natives and that non-refugee immigrants utilize social assistance less than refugee immigrants. Differences in welfare participation and number of months on welfare between immigrants and natives cannot be explained by observable socioeconomic characteristics. Using a random effects probit model, we find that immigrants lower their participation rates in welfare with time spent in Sweden. Refugees display substantially higher public assistance participation rates upon arrival in Sweden compared to non-refugee immigrants, but they assimilate out-of welfare at a faster rate than non-refugee immigrants. Neither immigrant group is predicted to reach the participation rates of native households within a 20 year period in Sweden. A fixed effects logit model supports these findings. The predicted differences in the length of social assistance …
Digital Commons@DePaul Digital Commons@DePaul

This thesis explores the factors related to individuals with vision and hearing impairments in organizational contexts within the United States. It overviews the definitions, current state, and U.S. legislation pertaining to individuals with disabilities in the workplace. The thesis reviews disclosure practices, psychological theories, and recommendations for supporting and accommodating individuals with hearing and vision disabilities. In reviewing these factors, this research aims to enhance understanding of the challenges faced by individuals with hearing and vision impairments in organizations and contribute to fostering inclusive and supportive work environments. The thesis also identifies areas for further research in order to advance knowledge and practice in this field.
Tracking the fate of digesta C-13 and N-15 compositions along the ruminant gastrointestinal tract Does digestion influence the relationship between diet and faeces?

Faecal stable isotope compositions reflect wildlife diets, if digestive processes along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) do not alter diet – faeces isotopic relationships in an unpredictable way. We investigated 13 C and 15 N compositions of digesta along the ruminant GIT, using Saanen dairy goats kept on pure grass hay or browse for >20 days. Isotopic changes occurred in the ventral rumen, and in the small intestine, where digesta had significantly higher δ 13 C and δ 15 N (associated with lower C or higher N content, respectively) values relative to other GIT sites. However, effects on isotope fractionation were small ( ∼ 1.0 ‰ for δ 13 C and ∼ 2.0 ‰ for δ 15 N), and were reversed in the hindgut such that faecal isotope compositions did not differ from the foregut. No other substantial isotopic changes occurred across GIT sites, despite the morphophysiological complexity of the ruminant GIT. We found similarly small differences across GIT components of rheem gazelles ( Gazella leptoceros ) fed a mixture of C 3 lucerne and C 4 grass, although in this case faeces were 15 N-depleted relative to other GIT components. Along with differences in δ 15 N between goats fed browse or grass, this result implies a systematic difference in diet – faeces δ 15 N relationships, contingent on the botanical composition of ruminant diets. Thus, while our results support faecal δ 13 C as a reliable proxy for wildlife diets, further work on factors influencing faecal 15 N abundance is needed. Finally, we note high levels of isotopic variability between individuals fed the same diets, even accounting for the relatively short duration of the experiments, suggesting an important influence of stochasticity on isotope fractionation
Edinburgh Research Explorer Increased PHOSPHO1 expression mediates cortical bone mineral density in renal osteodystrophy

36 Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) often present with skeletal abnormalities; 37 a condition known as renal osteodystrophy (ROD). While Tissue-nonspecific alkaline 38 phosphatase (TNAP) and PHOSPHO1 are critical for bone mineralization, their role in the 39 etiology of ROD is unclear. To address this, ROD was induced in both wild-type and Phospho1 40 knockout (P1KO) mice using dietary adenine supplementation. The mice presented with 41 hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and elevated levels of FGF23 and bone turnover 42 markers. In particular, we noted that in CKD mice, bone mineral density (BMD) was increased 43 in cortical bone ( p < 0.05) but decreased in trabecular bone ( p < 0.05). These changes were 44 accompanied by decreased TNAP ( p < 0.01) and increased PHOSPHO1 ( p < 0.001) expression 45 in wild-type CKD bones. In P1KO CKD mice, the cortical BMD phenotype was rescued, 46 suggesting that the increased cortical BMD of CKD mice was driven by increased PHOSPHO1 47 expression. Other structural parameters were also improved in P1KO CKD mice. We further 48 investigated the driver of the mineralization defects, by studying the effects of FGF23, PTH, 49 and phosphate administration on PHOSPHO1 and TNAP expression by primary murine 50 osteoblasts. We found both PHOSPHO1 and TNAP expression to be down-regulated in 51 response to phosphate and PTH. The in vitro data suggest that the TNAP reduction in CKD-52 MBD is driven by the hyperphosphatemia and/or hyperparathyroidism noted in these mice, 53 while the higher PHOSPHO1 expression may be a compensatory mechanism. Increased 54 PHOSPHO1 expression in ROD may contribute to the disordered skeletal mineralization 55 characteristic of this progressive disorder. 56
Choice of Organizational Form as a Trade-Off Between Fit and Market Timing

This paper proposes that a firm's choice of organizational form is a trade-off between the fit with its investment opportunity set, and its attempt to exploit periods of favourable market valuations for a given organizational form. To test this prediction, we identify 272 firms that go public in Canada between 1995 and 2005. Of these, 128 choose the organizational form of public corporation, while 144 choose the alternative organizational form of income trust. We find that market timing affects the choice of organizational form. An increase in valuations for income trusts relative to public corporations increases the likelihood that a firm will go public as an income trust. Using propensity score matching, we also show how market timing driven choices allow firms to maximize the proceeds through reduced initial underpricing and reduced underwriting fees.
Tipping-point analysis uncovers critical transition signals from gene expression profiles

Tipping points existing in many biological processes. Identifying gene expression signals in the presence of entropic background is essential to decipher biological tipping points. We introduce a new method BioTIP which accurately, robustly, and reliably identifies tipping points and their significant gene signals. Through application to three benchmark datasets and comparison to previous analyses, we demonstrate that not only can BioTIP be applied to understanding of disease and developmental, but also to data at the cellular or organismal level. We applied BioTIP to two exemplary contexts on which tipping-point analyses had never been done and validated the statistical significance of the identified gene signals using independent datasets. By a literary investigation, we showed how the identified gene signals provide insight into regulatory networks of master transcription factors modulating those transitions. Our open-source software allows for future investigations using tipping point methodology to better characterize the plasticity, heterogeneity, and rapid switches in biological processes. Highlights ∙ Shrinkage estimation reduces errors in the empirical correlation matrix thus inferring tipping point accurately ∙ Refined feature selection and random walk isolate the early-warning signal for tipping point from background noise ∙ Identification of the intermediate-risk stage in neuroblastoma as the most vulnerable and susceptible to treatment ∙ First tipping-point interpretation of Etv2 oscillation that guides the haemato-endothelial bifurcation
Analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes and establishment of prediction model of vaginal delivery in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia complicated with fetal growth restriction.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia (PE), complicated with fetal growth restriction (FGR), and establish a prediction model of vaginal delivery to guide the selection of the delivery mode. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 208 pregnant women with PE complicated with FGR. Of them, 49 patients were in the vaginal delivery group, and 159 patients were in the cesarean section group. The relevant maternal and fetal outcomes were analyzed. Patients were randomly divided into the training sample group and the test group with a ratio of 2:1. The three-layer neural network was used to select 24 maternal and infant outcome factors as the input nodes of the neural network to build a vaginal delivery prediction model. RESULTS Results showed that the gestational age, the highest systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body length, and placental weight of the newborns in the vaginal delivery group were significantly higher than those in the cesarean section group. Incidence of preterm birth, amniotic fluid grade III, oligohydramnios, and severe small-for-gestational-age (sSGA) neonates were significantly lower in the vaginal delivery group compared to the cesarean section group (p < 0.05). A three-layer neural network delivery prediction model was constructed, and the accuracy rate of fitting with test samples was 91.80%. CONCLUSIONS There is no significant difference in the incidence of maternal and fetal complications in PE complicated with FGR in different delivery methods. The three-layer neural network prediction model has good prediction ability for vaginal delivery of PE complicated with FGR and may be applied in clinical practice.
Computation of the Particle Basset Force with a Fractional-Derivative Approach

Recent empirical and numerical evidence shows that the Basset force plays an important role in the description of acceleration of relatively small sediment particles moving close to solid boundaries. This force can make the numerical solution of the equations of motion computationally time and memory consuming. This technical note presents a two-stage methodology to deal with the difficulties associated with computing the Basset force. The Basset term is first approximated based on a semiderivative (fractional mathematics), and then the integration time is redefined in terms of appropriate flow and particle time scales, thus, avoiding unnecessary computations. Important savings in computational time are reported.
Absolute Chronology of Megiddo, Israel, in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages: High-Resolution Radiocarbon Dating

Megiddo (Israel) is a key site for the study of the stratigraphy, chronology, and history of the Bronze and Iron ages in the Levant. The article presents a Bayesian chronological model for seven ceramic typology phases and 10 stratigraphic horizons at this site, covering the Late Bronze and much of the Iron Age. The model is based on 78 samples, which provided 190 determinations—the most thorough set of radiocarbon determinations known so far in a single site in the Levant. This set of data provides a reliable skeleton for the discussion of cultural processes and historical events in the region and beyond, including the periods of the Egyptian Empire in Canaan and the Northern Kingdom of Israel.
Social outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder: a review of music therapy outcomes

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects approximately one in 68 children, substantially affecting the child’s ability to acquire social skills. The application of effective interventions to facilitate and develop social skills is essential due to the lifelong impact that social skills may have on independence and functioning. Research indicates that music therapy can improve social outcomes in children with ASD. Outcome measures are primarily assessed using standardized nonmusical scales of social functioning from the parent or clinician perspective. Certified music therapists may also assess musical engagement and outcomes as a part of the individual’s profile. These measures provide an assessment of the individual’s social functioning within the music therapy session and generalizability to nonmusical settings.
Water Quality Impacts of Urbanization - A Methodology

A methodology for comparison of urban development alternatives and for preliminary design of runoff controls has been developed. The analysis employs results of Storage Treatment Overflow Runoff Model, (STORM) simulation, developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and transforms them into a “pollutant loading index” which forms a basis for comparison of alternatives. Using Storage and Treatment options of STORM, and by defining a set of cost functions, it is shown that it is possible to identify the optimum storage-treatment combination for which water quality objectives can be attained for the preferred urban development alternative.
Welfare and Reproductive Performance of Rabbits Under Two Housing Models in the Egyptian Delta Region

: Concerns about animal welfare due to climate change are growing in the rabbit industry and determining an animal's welfare status is important. So, it is necessary to consider housing conditions as one of the main management criteria. The goal of this study was to examine the preference of rabbits under two housing models of various roofing materials. Twenty-four doses and 6 bucks in a total of NZW rabbits were used in this study. Thermos-respiratory, some physiological responses, and reproductive performance were evaluated as being impacted by seasonal variables during the course of one year of production in two styles of housing. These mostly differed in terms of roofing style, wood roof (1 st model), and single metal roof (2 nd model). The results confirmed that 1 st model accommodated more comfortable zone conditions in all seasons than the 2 nd one. Rabbit kept in the 1 st model showed the lowest values of rectal temperature and respiration rate and the highest values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, Triiodothyronine, and progesterone concentrations in comparison to the 2 nd model. In the second model, the drop in all reproductive examined characteristics was more pronounced. Does raised during spring showed the highest values of litter size and weight in comparison to those in summer and showed higher values of milk yield in winter than in summer. According to the results, it can be concluded that the wooden roof in the 1 st model provided a comfortable zone during razing ambient temperature that improved the reproductive performance of the rabbit.
A Plasmodium vivax experimental human infection model for evaluating the efficacy of interventions

Method: Healthy, malaria-naïve adults were enrolled in two studies to assess the safety and infectivity and transmissibility of a new P. vivax isolate. Participants (Study 1; n=2, Study 2; n=24) were inoculated with P. vivax-infected red blood cells to initiate infection, and were treated with artemether-lumefantrine (Study 1) or chloroquine (Study 2). Primary endpoints were safety and infectivity of the new isolate. In Study 2, transmission to mosquitoes was also evaluated using mosquito feeding assays, and sporozoite viability was assessed using in vitro cultured hepatocytes.
Melting of gold, silver, and copper—proposal for a new high‐pressure calibration scale

The melting temperatures of gold, silver, and copper as a function of pressure have been determined to 65 kb by differential thermal analysis. The precision of the results is high. Replicate determinations at a given pressure agree within ±2°. After application of appropriate corrections for the effect of pressure on the emf of thermocouples, the melting curves are linear with the isothermal volume of the melting solid to within the precision of the measurement. Good agreement exists between shock-wave data, ultrasonic data, and static measurements on the relationship between P and V for these metals. Thus by extrapolation of the linear melting relationship, it is possible to construct a melting curve for these three metals to 200 or more kb. We propose the melting curve of gold as a primary standard of pressure measurement for work at high temperatures and pressures in the region 100–200 kb over the temperature interval 1600–2000°C.
Students ’ Perceptions Related to Equality of Chance and Opportunity in Secondary Education According to School Types Asst

Equality of chance and opportunity in secondary education is about availing students of educational services according to school types towards their needs. In this research, it has been aimed to determine exam-conditioned Anatolian, Anatolian teaching and science high school and exam-unconditioned regular high school students’ perceptions related to the equality of chance and opportunity in education. The research is a benchmark study in descriptive and predictive model in which student perceptions are specified according to school types. During the research process, “Equality of Opportunity and Chance Scale” was developed by the researcher and approved as multi-perspective, valid and reliable because of performed analyses. Study population includes 4788 students from Anatolian, Anatolian teaching and science high schools connected with province of Erzincan central district in 2011-2012 Academic Year; and study sample includes 990 students chosen with random sampling method from this population. According to research findings, exam-conditioned Anatolian, Anatolian teaching and science high school students get more qualified educational service during the elementary education process than examunconditioned regular high school students. Research results show that regular high school students cannot benefit from secondary education in accordance with their educational needs.
Immunogenicity and safety of a three-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategy in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases on immunosuppressive therapy

Objectives Humoral vaccine responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are impaired and short lasting in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) following two vaccine doses. To protect these vulnerable patients against severe COVID-19 disease, a three-dose primary vaccination strategy has been implemented in many countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate humoral response and safety of primary vaccination with three doses in patients with IMID. Methods Patients with IMID on immunosuppressive therapy and healthy controls receiving three-dose and two-dose primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, respectively, were included in this prospective observational cohort study. Anti-Spike antibodies were assessed 2–4 weeks, and 12 weeks following each dose. The main outcome was anti-Spike antibody levels 2–4 weeks following three doses in patients with IMID and two doses in controls. Additional outcomes were the antibody decline rate and adverse events. Results 1100 patients and 303 controls were included. Following three-dose vaccination, patients achieved median (IQR) antibody levels of 5720 BAU/mL (2138–8732) compared with 4495 (1591–6639) in controls receiving two doses, p=0.27. Anti-Spike antibody levels increased with median 1932 BAU/mL (IQR 150–4978) after the third dose. The interval between the vaccine doses and vaccination with mRNA-1273 or a combination of vaccines were associated with antibody levels following the third dose. Antibody levels had a slower decline-rate following the third than the second vaccine dose, p<0.001. Adverse events were reported by 464 (47%) patients and by 196 (78%) controls. Disease flares were reported by 70 (7%) patients. Conclusions This study shows that additional vaccine doses to patients with IMID contribute to strong and sustained immune-responses comparable to healthy persons vaccinated twice, and supports repeated vaccination of patients with IMID. Trial registration number NCT04798625.