Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma ion implantation hydrogenation of poly-Si CMOS thin-film transistors at low energy and high dose rate using an inductively-coupled plasma source

Defect passivation in polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) CMOS thin-film transistors (TFT's) has been performed by plasma ion implantation (PII) hydrogenation process. Implantation at low energy (2 keV) and high dose rate(/spl sim/10/sup 16//cm/sup 2/ S) was achieved by an inductively-coupled plasma source. The device parameter improvements are saturated in 3-4 min, which is much shorter than other hydrogenation methods reported in the literature. The stress measurements indicate that the devices hydrogenated by this new technique have much better long-term reliability than that hydrogenated by other techniques.
Multi-step ART1 algorithm for recognition of defect patterns on semiconductor wafers

The integrated circuits (ICs) on wafers are highly vulnerable to defects generated during the semiconductor manufacturing process. The spatial patterns of locally clustered defects are likely to contain information related to the defect generating mechanism. For the purpose of yield management, we propose a multi-step adaptive resonance theory (ART1) algorithm in order to accurately recognise the defect patterns scattered over a wafer. The proposed algorithm consists of a new similarity measure, based on the p-norm ratio and run-length encoding technique and pre-processing procedure: the variable resolution array and zooming strategy. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated based on the statistical models for four types of simulated defect patterns, each of which typically occurs during fabrication of ICs: random patterns by a spatial homogeneous Poisson process, ellipsoid patterns by a multivariate normal, curvilinear patterns by a principal curve, and ring patterns by a spherical shell. Computational testing results show that the proposed algorithm provides high accuracy and robustness in detecting IC defects, regardless of the types of defect patterns residing on the wafer.
An Efficient Prediction System for Diabetes Disease Based on Deep Neural Network

One of the main reasons for disability and premature mortality in the world is diabetes disease, which can cause different sorts of damage to organs such as kidneys, eyes, and heart arteries. The deaths by diabetes are increasing each year, so the need to develop a system that can effectively diagnose diabetes patients becomes inevitable. In this work, an efficient medical decision system for diabetes prediction based on Deep Neural Network (DNN) is presented. Such algorithms are state-of-the-art in computer vision, language processing, and image analysis, and when applied in healthcare for prediction and diagnosis purposes, these algorithms can produce highly accurate results. Moreover, they can be combined with medical knowledge to improve decision-making effectiveness, adaptability, and transparency. A performance comparison between the DNN algorithm and some well-known machine learning techniques as well as the state-of-the-art methods is presented. The obtained results showed that our proposed method based on the DNN technique provides promising performances with an accuracy of 99.75% and an F1-score of 99.66%. This improvement can reduce time, efforts, and labor in healthcare services as well as increasing the final decision accuracy.
Effect of measurement of non-destructive firmness on Tomato quality and comparison with destructive methods

Almost all instrumental non-destructive (ND) type firmness test methods which involve a physical contact with the tomato when used for testing, deliver at least a minute damage to the fruit. The damage induced on a fruit was estimated when a so-called non-destructive firmness test was performed repeatedly on tomato fruit. The common method of firmness testing uses Magness-Taylor (MT) type firmness tester and in this destructive type test method, after having peeled, the tomato pulp is pierced with a probe. Qualitest (HPE-ll-FFF model) tester and the Bishop (FT 327 model) tester were used as ND and MT type firmness testers, respectively. Tomato variety “Rajitha” grown in Rathkinda area in Matale, during Maha season (Sept 2008) was subjected to this investigation. In a series of repeated ND type firmness test , a loss of firmness of 9.5 % was observed between the first and the second measurement, regardless the ripeness level of tomato. At lower ripeness levels, tomato exhibited an exponential decay in percentage loss of firmness when subjected to repeated ND test, while red-ripe tomatoes demonstrated a slightly deviated behaviour. A study on the behaviour of MT vs. ND type firmness suggests a good linear relationship with a non-zero intercept. The relationship proposes a ND type firmness of 0.405 kg for a tomato which registers zero MT type firmness. Hence the contribution of the peel to the ND type firmness would be 0.405 kg.
The periphery on stage: Functions, Properties and Dynamic Evolution of the Periphery in the Free/Open Source Software community

This paper focuses on the peripheral participants of the Free/Open Source Software community. It characterizes the periphery’s properties and functions in the division of labor with the core, and shows that this division of labor is possible only if the core propagates to the periphery its “structures”, i.e. social norms, production procedures, and vision of the community organization. A conceptual model based on the three concepts of “structure enactment”, “negotiation of meanings” and “dissonance” is developed to describe the process by which the structures propagate toward the periphery and the role of possible moderators: periphery’s atomization and invisibility.
Thoracic Dust Exposures on Longwall and Continuous Mining Sections

Abstract Past data on the prevalence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis and decreases in pulmonary function indicate a potential problem due to deposition of coal mine dust in the bronchial airways. Difficulty with dust control in certain jobs indicates that chronic bronchitis may continue to be a problem. Compliance with the respirable dust standard does not equally limit the thoracic dust exposure of all miners. Coal mine dust size distributions indicate that thoracic dust levels may be as high as five times respirable dust levels in some work areas on continuous mining sections and seven times respirable dust levels in some work areas on longwall mining sections. The largest thoracic dust generating sources are the longwall shearer, shield support advancement, and the continuous miner. The worst case scenario for thoracic dust exposure occurs on bidirectional cutting longwall mining sections where some mine personnel are very likely to work downwind of the shearer and/or support advancement for a signif.
Wining the Talent War via Effective Employee Engagement: A Case Study

As the corporate sector entrenches itself among the players of the global economy, more sophisticated strategies and novel business trends are required so as to enhance profitability and lower business costs. It is against this backdrop that the researchers undertook this study to explore possible alternatives of addressing the talent war rather than the orthodox methods. A multinational telecommunication company located in Ghana (Mobile Telecommunication Network, MTN Ghana) was selected as a case, due to its competitiveness and world presence, especially for its dominance in Africa. With substantive review of the literature, five thematic effective engagement variables were discovered: the work environment, supervisor-employee relationship, job satisfaction, HRM Practices, and organization culture. A quantitative approach was adopted as the main tool to gather 137 valid responses from employees of MTN Ghana. Some comprehensive interviews were also conducted to saturate the robustness of the findings. Therefore, the methodological approach to this research outcome could be best described as triangulation. Interestingly, the findings were insightful, intriguing and competitively viable. The role of human capital in the success of every giant firm certainly could not be overemphasized. Obviously, our findings shed amazing light on why the company is beating its industry competitors like Tigo and Vodafone hands down. The company is committed to her employees and the inverse is also true-commitment begets engagement. Though, few gaps were identified, on a whole the talent war is a done deal when the engagement strategies are sound.
Digital and electronic transactions against velocity of money

The payment system accumulates through an interbank fund transfer system, banking procedures, and a set of instruments that guarantee the circulation of money (Hancock & Humphrey, 1997). The theory of money expressed by Fisher is very striking and different from Marx’s. Marx only emphasizes monetary developments as contemporary capitalism. However, Fisher on the form of money and the function of money in a certain amount (as cited in Ivanova, 2020). The flow of electronic and digital transactions has continued to innovate over the past decade. An important point of this research is to identify electronic transactions and digital transactions against the velocity of money (VoM) in Indonesia. Fisher’s theory of money is applied to this study. Through a quantitative approach, time-series data for 2009–2019 was collected from the Bank of Indonesia and BPS-Indonesia. Multiple linear regression analysis is useful in interpreting the data. As a result, we find electronic transactions measured by credit cards appear to have a negative effect on VoM, but the impact is significant. Meanwhile, debit cards actually have a positive and significant effect on the value of VoM. Interestingly, other empirical results explore the relationship of digital transactions represented by e-money with VoM, where the effect is negative and insignificant. This finding is also very relevant to banking efforts to harmonize and adopt advanced technology in the financial system
History of electric vehicles in General Motors

The propulsion systems being used by General Motors in different electric vehicle projects are described, and the performances achieved are presented. The past projects discussed are electrovan, an electric truck for military application, STIR-LEC I (a Stirling electric hybrid car), the GM512 series car. The AT&T van, and the Electrovette. Current projects such as IMPACT and the electric shuttle bus are also discussed. The IMPACT was developed because of a concern for air quality. The technology of impact is based on advanced propulsion system technology and is suitable for mass production at affordable costs. <<ETX>>
Spectra to Structure: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Molecular Inverse Problem

Spectroscopy is the study of how matter interacts with electromagnetic radiations of specific frequencies that has led to several monumental discoveries in science. The spectra of any particular molecule is highly information-rich, yet the inverse relation from the spectra to the molecular structure is still an unsolved problem. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one such critical tool in the tool-set for scientists to characterise any chemical sample. In this work, a novel framework is proposed that attempts to solve this inverse problem by navigating the chemical space to find the correct structure that resulted in the target spectra. The proposed framework uses a combination of online Monte- Carlo-Tree-Search (MCTS) and a set of offline trained Graph Convolution Networks to build a molecule iteratively from scratch. Our method is able to predict the correct structure of the molecule ∼80% of the time in its top 3 guesses. We believe that the proposed framework is a significant step in solving the inverse design problem of NMR spectra to molecule.
Microfinance Services and the Clients’ Socioeconomic Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Uganda

Microfinance is reported to be an effective tool of empowerment for vulnerable and marginalised groups, especially women. This study set out to investigate the relationship between microfinance services and the clients’ socioeconomic wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic in Uganda. The study involved 73 employees of microfinance institutions that deal directly with the clients. The study findings revealed that while no significant relationship exists between microfinance services and clients’ socioeconomic wellbeing, there is a significant moderate positive relationship between microfinance client protection policies and the clients’ socioeconomic wellbeing. The regression model revealed that a unit increase in client protection policies increases the socioeconomic wellbeing of microfinance services beneficiaries by 72%. It is recommended that microfinance institutions integrate client protection policies in their activities in line with their known social mission
Intermediate-Scale Laboratory Experiments of Subsurface Flow and Transport Resulting from Tank Leaks

Washington River Protection Solutions contracted with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to conduct laboratory experiments and supporting numerical simulations to improve the understanding of water flow and contaminant transport in the subsurface between waste tanks and ancillary facilities at Waste Management Area C. The work scope included two separate sets of experiments: •Small flow cell experiments to investigate the occurrence of potential unstable fingering resulting from leaks and the limitations of the STOMP (Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases) simulator to predict flow patterns and solute transport behavior under these conditions. Unstable infiltration may, under certain conditions, create vertically elongated fingers potentially transporting contaminants rapidly through the unsaturated zone to groundwater. The types of leak that may create deeply penetrating fingers include slow release, long duration leaks in relatively permeable porous media. Such leaks may have occurred below waste tanks at the Hanford Site. •Large flow experiments to investigate the behavior of two types of tank leaks in a simple layered system mimicking the Waste Management Area C. The investigated leaks include a relatively large leak with a short duration from a tank and a long duration leak with a relatively small leakage rate from a cascade line.
Organic−Inorganic Manganese Bromide Hybrids with Water‐Triggered Luminescence for Rewritable Paper

Stimuli‐responsive luminescent material‐based rewritable paper has received great attention for its potential application in a wide range of areas from anti‐counterfeiting to information encryption. Herein, a photoluminescence (PL) rewritable paper based on an organic metal halide, trans‐2,5‐dimethylpiperazine manganese(II) bromide (C6N2H16MnBr4) (1), is reported. This 0D organic metal halide hybrid exhibits green emission centered at 548 nm originating from 4T1–6A1 transition of tetrahedrally coordinated Mn2+ ions with a PL quantum efficiency of 82%. Interestingly, complex 1 can be transformed into the non‐emissive hydrated phase C6N2H16MnBr4(H2O)2 (2) by uptake of coordinating water molecules, wherein Mn2+ adopts a quasi‐octahedral coordination sphere. The reversible single‐crystal structure transformation between the hydrated and dehydrated phases can switch the PL on and off. Rewritable PL paper has been fabricated by coating complex 1 on filter paper, which exhibits high resolution and excellent “write‐erase‐write” cycle capability. This work presents a new avenue for low‐dimensional lead‐free organic metal halide hybrids toward multilevel information security applications.
Improvements in Middle-Schoolers’ Performance and Motivation to Practice: An Experimental Investigation of Accurate Feedback in a Motor Task

The present field experiment investigated the effects of accurate and non-accurate performance feedback on causal attributions, success expectancy, performance, and persistence on a motor task. Forty-six male middle-schoolers were randomly assigned to a Contingent (accurate) feedback, Non-contingent (non-accurate) feedback, or Control (no feedback) group and completed a challenging motor task. An initial treatment phase provided either accurate contingent feedback or yoked non-contingent feedback during the task, and measured task performance, attributions about performance, and success expectancy about future performance. A subsequent testing phase (same task) used the same measures and added a measure of motivation (persistence). Compared to the Contingent and Control groups, Noncontingent outcome feedback during the initial treatment phase led to more personally uncontrollable attributions, lower success expectancy, poorer performance, and lower persistence in the subsequent test phase. Despite a high rate of failure in the motor task for both feedback groups in the treatment phase, the Contingent group—getting accurate feedback about performance—had a higher sense of personal control and expectancy of success than the Non-contingent feedback group initially, and maintained these perceptions in the subsequent test phase where they also had better performance and higher levels of persistence than the Non-contingent group. Non-contingent feedback in an initial motor task appears to induce helplessness deficits in subsequent task performance and persistence. In contrast, providing accurate (contingent) feedback about achieved performance appears to protect against performance and motivational losses.
AP-XLMJ210006 1264..1287

The temporal contiguity effect (TCE) is the tendency for the recall of one event to cue recall of other events originally experienced nearby in time. Retrieved context theory proposes that the TCE results from fundamental properties of episodic memory: binding of events to a drifting context representation during encoding and the reinstatement of those associations during recall. If these processes are automatic, the TCE should not be dependent on any encoding strategy and should, in fact, be present regardless of encoding intentionality. Here, we ask whether this theory is compatible with recent findings that the TCE is dramatically reduced under incidental encoding, even though memory accuracy is only modestly reduced. We begin by attempting to replicate this finding in a new large-scale study with over 5,000 participants in which we manipulated encoding intentionality between participants in both delayed free recall and continual distractor free recall. A small, but reliable, TCE was observed in all conditions, although the effect was dramatically reduced in incidental encoding. In a simulation study, we demonstrated that retrieved context theory can simultaneously account for both overall recall and the strength of the TCE in incidental encoding conditions. Additional analyses revealed that the incidental TCE is not an artifact of theoretically uninteresting factors, such as recency, and is consistent with being generated by the core contextual dynamics of retrieved context theory.
Investigation of occupant arm position and door properties on thorax kinematics in side impact crash scenarios – comparison of ATD and human models

Side impact continues to be a significant source of vehicle occupant injuries and fatalities requiring an improved understanding of response sensitivity to occupant position and the potential for injury. The primary interaction between the occupant and vehicle in near-side impact is the intruding door and vehicle structure where contact with the intruding structures is observed to be the most frequent cause of injuries. Restraints and protective systems are tested for a specific driving position with a prescribed set of anthropometric test devices; however, studies have shown that the initial position and posture of the occupant within the vehicle may have an influence on occupant response. In this study, a finite-element human body model with a detailed representation of the thorax and an ES-2re anthropomorphic test device (ATD) model were integrated with a mid-sized sedan vehicle model to investigate occupant response from a moving deformable barrier side impact. All models were verified using established tests (pendulum, side sled) and physical test data available in the literature. A parametric study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of arm position and car door material properties on thoracic response, assessed using thoracic deflection and the viscous criterion. In the standard driving position, the human and ATD model responses were similar. The human body model demonstrated significant sensitivity, relative to the ATD, to different arm positions with a lesser sensitivity to the door interior properties. It was found that in side impact which has the characteristics of high energy and limited displacement, the arm aligned with the body can act as a significant source of load transmission to the thorax, increasing the potential for injury. This study demonstrates that the choice of occupant model, injury metric and occupant arm position plays an important role in evaluating side impact safety.
Characteristics of Pd/InGaP Schottky diodes hydrogen sensors

Pd/InGaP hydrogen sensors based on the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) and metal-semiconductor Schottky diodes have been fabricated and systematically studied. The effects of hydrogen adsorption on device performances such as the current-voltage characteristics, barrier height variation, hydrogen coverage, and heat of adsorption are investigated. The studied devices exhibit very wide hydrogen concentration detection regimes and remarkable hydrogen-sensing properties. Particularly, an extremely low hydrogen concentration of 15 ppm H/sub 2//air at room temperature can be detected. In addition, under the presence of oxide layers in the studied MOS device structure, the enhancements of barrier height and high-temperature operating capability are observed. The initial heat of adsorption for Pd/oxide and Pd/semiconductor interface are calculated as 355 and 65.9 meV/atom, respectively. Furthermore, the considerably short response times are found in studied devices.
Frequency dependence of high field dissipation current waveform of LDPE film

Non-polar polymers, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and so on, are widely used as insulators for power cable and capacitor. In ac high field region, it is known that various time dependent mechanisms, such as carrier injection from electrodes and space charge formation, are getting dominant. Here, the dissipation current waveform shape begins to show a nonlinear property. To study the conduction mechanism, especially about the space charge effect under ac high field, by using low density polyethylene (LDPE) film, frequency dependence of high field dissipation current waveform observations at room temperature are carried out in the frequency range from 50 to 200 Hz under certain fixed ac high field. These results shows nonlinearity depend on not only applied ac field but also frequency. These results indicate that the momentary time differential of applied ac field dE(t)/dt will be also the one important factor on considering the ac high field condition mechanisms. From the results of these experiments, it is found the two kinds of onset values for showing nonlinear properties. These are the momentary time differential of applied ac field dE(t)/dt and the current density. The values are around 12 kV/(mm - ms) and around 8-10 nA/mm/sup 2/, respectively. When they exceed these values, then, the dissipation current waveform deviates from the sinusoidal characteristic and starts to show nonlinear properties.