Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precipitação provável para a região de Madre de Deus, Alto Rio Grande: modelos de probabilidades e valores característicos

Nos dias atuais a irrigacao e uma das principais tecnicas a servico da agricultura. Entretanto, a consideracao da irrigacao como unica fonte de suprir a demanda de agua para as plantas pode acarretar em sistemas superdimensionados, o que contribui para elevar seu custo de implantacao. Uma das alternativas utilizadas na solucao desse problema consiste em considerar a precipitacao a um determinado nivel de probabilidade, ou seja, a precipitacao provavel, o que possibilitaria fazer a irrigacao complementar. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, caracterizar a precipitacao provavel na regiao do municipio de Madre de Deus, MG, comparando quatro diferentes modelos de distribuicao de frequencia (Gama, Normal, Log-normal 2 e 3 parâmetros). As lâminas diarias foram totalizadas em periodos de 10, 15 e 30 dias, sendo avaliadas com 13 diferentes niveis de probabilidades, para series historicas de 57 anos de observacao, compreendido entre 1942 e 1999. Foi aplicado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov a fim de avaliar a adequabilidade das mesmas e verificar qual modelo e mais adequado para cada uma das series historicas. Observou-se que os modelos de probabilidade adequaram-se melhor ao periodo chuvoso, sendo a distribuicao Log-normal 3 parâmetros a mais adequada para as series historicas de periodo mensal e a distribuicao Gama para os periodos quinzenal e decendial.
A Comparative Study of MH and EMS in the Induction of Chromosomal Aberrations on Lateral Root Meristem in Clitoria ternatea L

Relative effects of MH (Growth retardant) and EMS, (Chemical multagen) with respect to mitotic behaviour has been assessed on lateral roots of the seedlings of C. tennatea Var. blue single. Roots have been treated with MH (10-4M, 10-3M and 10-2M), EMS (0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%) for 2hr. After different recovery periods, (12 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr) mitotic analysis were carried out to estimate the cytological anomalies. In control 2.68% of chromosomal aberrations have been recorded. In both the treatments, common type of abnormalities observed were stickiness, bridges, laggards at anaphase and telophase. In case of EMS treatment study indicates chromosomal damage, however, it does not affect the mitotic inhibition, whereas, MH at higher concentration (10-2M) and all time factors of recovery period exhibits inhibition action on cell division leading to growth retardation, on the contrary, at lower concentration (10-4M) with various recovery period there is no mitotic inhibition but cells show good percentage of chromosomal aberrations conveying its mutagenic activity like EMS.
A ‘Before and After’ Study of the Effects of Land Drainage Works on Fish Stocks in the Upper Reaches of a Lowland River

Fish stocks at a site in the upstream reaches of the River Soar, a lowland river in Leicestershire, showed a marked alteration following river channel works associated with a land drainage improvement scheme. The density and standing crop of all ‘large-sized’ fish species present showed reductions of 15–100% between a 6-month pre-drainage period and a 3-month post-drainage period. The density and standing crop of the total population were reduced from means of 0.160 fish m−2 and 39.0 g m−2 during the pre-drainage period to means of 0.048 fish m−2 and 9.6 g m−2 during the post-drainage period, reductions of 70% and 76%, respectively. It is suggested that modifications to physical features of fish habitat, particularly the elimination of in stream cover, were largely responsible for the decreased fish abundance.
Resilience Portfolios and Poly-Strengths: Identifying Strengths Associated with Wellbeing after Adversity

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of traumas and strengths in a representative sample of Quebec youth and to test whether poly-strengths were associated with low psychological distress, after controlling for poly-traumas. Method: Using data from the Quebec Youths’ Romantic Relationships survey (QYRRS), hierarchical logistic regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between poly-strengths and low levels of psychological distress, and to identify which strengths were associated with outcomes, after accounting for demographic variables and individuals’ experiences of traumas. Results: More than a third of the sample experienced 4 traumas or more (37.0%). The average number of experienced traumas was 3.04 out of 10 measured traumas. More than half of the sample had at least 5 strengths, the average number of strengths being 3.95 (out of 8). Two third (67.6%) of the sample did not suffer from psychological distress. Among poly-victims, half of the participants (49.6%) showed clinical symptoms of distress. Poly-strengths were uniquely associated with low of clinical distress. After accounting for demographics and poly-traumas, poly-strengths explained 24.2% of the variance of low levels of psychological distress. Self-esteem, optimism, parental support and attachment, number of sources of support, social support (seeking secure base), and capacity to adapt (resiliency) were uniquely associated with low levels of distress. Conclusion and Implications: The combination of strengths decreases the likelihood of experiencing clinical levels of psychological distress, which can contribute to healthy functioning in context of adversities. Findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and diverse strengths among youth.
Impact of Voluntary Disclosure on Valuation of Firms: Evidence from Indian Companies

This article investigates the effect of voluntary corporate disclosures on the firm value from the market value perspective. Financial reporting includes disclosures as prescribed by regulators, but few companies go beyond mandatory requirements and provide additional information voluntarily. This study empirically tests the extent of such voluntary disclosures using Corporate Voluntary Disclosure Index containing 81 items of both financial and non-financial information and panel data regression to test the hypotheses. The sample for this study is the non-financial companies in the BSE 100 Index and the period is five financial years from 2010–2011 to 2014–2015. This study finds a positive association between voluntary disclosures and firm value as measured by Tobin’s Q. Especially the market gives a higher valuation for companies disclosing optional information on social and environmental, corporate governance and financial information. This finding has a significant implication for emerging economies like India and it supports various disclosure theories such as agency, stakeholders and positive accounting theories.
Valuing Personal Data with Privacy Consideration

A key challenge in information privacy research is how to value personal data with privacy consideration. In this study, we propose an experimental auction approach for valuing personal data. We use the generalized second-price auction to assess the monetary values of individuals' identity, demographic, and private information. We find that individuals' economic valuation of personal data is consistent with their actual self-disclosure behaviors. The economic valuation approach also produces results that are consistent with some well-accepted observations about consumer demographics and privacy. On the other hand, individuals' stated privacy preferences and attitudes are not consistent with their economic valuation. The findings of this study suggest that the proposed approach can be an effective mechanism for measuring personal data privacy. This study also provides important insights into valuing personal information for practical uses with several implications to policy decision makers, corporate executives and managers, data analysts, as well as decision science researchers.
Caring or Not Caring for Coworkers? An Empirical Exploration of the Dilemma of Care Allocation in the Workplace

ABSTRACT Organization and management researchers praise the value of care in the workplace. However, they overlook the conflict between caring for work and for coworkers, which resonates with the dilemma of care allocation highlighted by ethicists of care. Through an in-depth qualitative study of two organizations, we examine how this dilemma is confronted in everyday organizational life. We draw on the concept of boundary work to explain how employees negotiate the boundary of their caring responsibilities in ways that grants or denies care to coworkers. We argue that the possibility of an ethics of care for coworkers requires boundary work that suspends the separation of personal and professional selves and constitutes the worker as a whole person. We contribute to research on care in organizations by showing how care for coworkers may be enabled or undermined by maintaining or suppressing the care allocation dilemma.
A Multi-population Analysis of a Self-care Scale for Menstrual Pain;

The purpose of this study was to verify the cross-validity of the "self-care scale for dysmenorrhea in young females" that we developed, to clarify the causal relationship between snacking and each of the factors with menstrual pain from the results of a multiple regression analysis of the related factors survey in the previous study (Yamamoto, 2019). The study participants were 1,000 young females who had menstrual pain and participated in this study, and 300 young females who had menstrual pain and participated in the related factors survey. Assuming that the two participant populations had the same factor structure, we performed a simultaneous multi-population analysis. Based on the multiple regression analysis of the previous study (Yamamoto, 2019), we set up a hypothesis for the causal relationship between snacking and each scale factor with menstrual pain, and then clarified the relationship using a path analysis. The results of our multi-population analysis revealed that the factor structure of the main survey and the related factors survey were equivalent, and that the self-care scale for menstrual pain could accurately measure six structural concepts even in different populations. When they ate more snacks, the 1st factor "perception of self-efficacy" decreased, which led to the 5th factor "expected level of burden needed to improve menstrual pain". It also led to the 4th factor "self-care using medicine". The more menstrual pain they had, the less of the 4th factor "self-care using medicine" they performed. It was demonstrated that the self-care scale for menstrual pain had cross-validity. The relationship between snacking and each factor with menstrual pain became clear.
Emotional Meaning of Eyelid Positions on a One-Eyed 2D Avatar

: Expressing emotions of virtual and robotic agents require complex animations that mimic human behavior. By abstracting the core features in human faces for the emotions described by Ekman, et al., a single-eyed 2D avatar was designed that only moves the upper and lower eyelids. The relationship between how much each eyelid covers the eye and the perceived emotion was evaluated with a within-subjects study with 31 college students. The results showed that it is possible to convey different emotional meanings by changing the eyelids, and adding a white dot to simulate gloss affected the meaning of some emotions considerably. This research contributes to the development of virtual and robotic agents that can show emotions without increasing the complexity of the system, ultimately leading to more natural interactions with artiﬁcial systems.
Ecological assessment to detect imminent change in coral reefs of Admiral Cockburn Land and Sea National Park, Turks and Caicos Islands

Coral reefs of the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCIs) (Caribbean Sea) constitute some of the few pristine coral reef systems in the world and play a crucial role in the islands’ economy because they support rich fisheries catches and tourism development. Ambitious development plans involving increase in fishing and tourism pressures are about to bring changes in coastal zone resources of the TCIs associated with increased sediments and nutrients and reduced predation by herbivorous fish on coral reefs. Understanding change is critical when attempting to protect the resources that these coral reefs support and to adopt proper management strategies. Yet, an environmental assessment program to detect imminent human-induced changes on the surrounding reefs of the TCIs is lacking. Thus, (i) we obtained baseline data on benthic composition and coral community structure at seven reef sites of representative reefs of the TCIs within the Admiral Cockburn Land and Sea National Park (ACLSNP) of South Caicos Island and (ii) performed a priori statistical power analysis to calculate replication requirements for safely and confidently detecting small (δ = 0.1), medium (δ = 0.3), and large (δ = 0.5) effect sizes for a number of relevant to anticipated changes, univariate, benthic indices and for power β = 0.95. The platforms of the margin reefs studied (9–12 m depth) appeared rather variable regarding benthic composition but quite homogeneous regarding hard coral community structure. Mean percent cover of algal functional groups was 0.1 ± 0.3 (mean ± sd) percent for coralline algae and Halimeda, 0.1 ± 0.6 (mean ± sd) percent for macroalgae, 21.7 ± 33 (mean ± sd) percent for turf algae and 4.8 ± 4.0 (mean ± sd) percent for hard coral cover. The dominant benthic component, however, was carbonate substrate (mean ± sd = 30.4 ± 34.3), thus indicating an accreting reef framework. Mean hard coral density, colony size and recruit density were 5.5 ± 1.8 (mean ± sd) corals per 20-m line transect, 13.0 ± 2.3 (mean ± sd) cm maximum colony diameter, and 1.3 ± 1.4 (mean ± sd) recruits per square foot, respectively. Due to high natural variance, hard coral colony size and density were practically the most sensitive indices in detecting even small size changes on benthos. Also, the geometric mean of log-transformed colony size-frequency distributions of the most abundant hard coral taxa, i.e. Montastrea annularis, Agaricia spp. , Siderastrea spp. and Porites asteroides were practically sensitive for the same purpose. We hope that the study will optimize the spatial component of a necessary environmental impact assessment program on coral reefs of the TCIs once the natural spatial variability of the system has been assessed and sensitive, benthic, univariate indices have been identified for representative reference coral reef sites of the TCIs.
Factors that drive dividend payout decisions: an investigation in the context of Bangladesh

Generally, dividend policies guide the financial rewards of the shareholders. It is often a challenging decision for companies to determine the appropriate level of dividend for the shareholders. While some past studies argue that microeconomic factors drive the decision of dividend policies, many other researchers claim that it is the macroeconomic factors of a country which ultimately influence the dividend payouts. However, there is a paucity of research in this area for emerging countries like Bangladesh. This study thus examines impacts of a set of pre-determined microeconomic and macroeconomic factors upon cash dividend payouts by analysing a sample of listed firms of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), Bangladesh. Findings are analysed based on liquidity, leverage, growth, and size of the sample firms for microeconomic factors; while, macroeconomic factors are analysed upon dividends on an average basis. The results provide policy implications for shareholders, management, policymakers and the government of Bangladesh.
ION FLUXES AND MODIFICATION OF THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX DURING GAMETE RELEASE IN FUCOID ALGAE

A rapid phase transition in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the reproductive tissues (= receptacles) has been proposed to cause gamete release in fucoid algae. We tested this model with cryoanalytical energy dispersive x‐ray microanalysis (EDX) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of rapidly frozen hydrated receptacles of Silvetia compressa Serrão, Cho, Boo et Brawley that were planed to smooth faces using a cryoultramicrotome. Every receptacle typically contained a region(s) of intracellular accumulation of K and Cl and a region(s) of efflux of K and Cl to the ECMs, regardless of treatment (e.g. calm vs. shaken conditions in the light, anthracene‐9‐carboxylic acid). Although longitudinal variations in [K] and [Cl] between ECM and cells were common, a tissue within any transverse plane of the receptacle was in the same state of efflux or accumulation of K and Cl. The strongest and most extensive effluxes occurred during the time of irreversible commitment to gamete release (i.e. 2–4 min darkness after light potentiation). A receptacle may oscillate rapidly between global states of accumulation and efflux at this time. The polysaccharide collar between the oogonium and stalk cell expanded during Cl and K efflux into the ECM of the conceptacle and condensed when [K] and [Cl] were low in the conceptacle ECM. During periods of strong efflux associated with gamete release, the collar and other components of the exochiton ruptured. Detached gametangia were guided to the pore by the paraphyses. The ECM of the conceptacle is sulfur rich (226 mM) compared with the ECM of the medulla (8 mM). This analysis supports the importance of osmotic modification of the ECM during gamete release and demonstrates that the receptacle is a dynamic signaling organ.
Taxon‐specific variation in the stable isotopic signatures (δ13C and δ15N) of lake phytoplankton

Summary 1. The variability in the stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in different phytoplankton taxa was studied in one mesotrophic and three eutrophic lakes in south-west Finland. The lakes were sampled on nine to 16 occasions over 2–4 years and most of the time were dominated by cyanobacteria and diatoms. A total of 151 taxon-specific subsamples covering 18 different phytoplankton taxa could be isolated by filtration through a series of sieves and by flotation/sedimentation, followed by microscopical identification and screening for purity. 2. Substantial and systematic differences between phytoplankton taxa, seasons and lakes were observed for both δ13C and δ15N. The values of δ13C ranged from −34.4‰ to −5.9‰ and were lowest in chrysophytes (−34.4‰ to −31.3‰) and diatoms (−30.6‰ to −26.6‰). Cyanobacteria were most variable (−32.4‰ to −5.9‰), including particularly high values in the nostocalean cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata (−14.4‰ to −5.9‰). For δ13C, the taxon-specific amplitude of temporal changes within a lake was usually <1–8‰ (<1–4‰ for microalgae alone and <1–8‰ for cyanobacteria alone), whereas the amplitude among taxa within a water sample was up to 31‰. 3. The values of δ15N ranged from −2.1‰ to 12.8‰ and were high in chrysophytes, dinophytes and diatoms, but low in the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Anabaena spp. , Aphanizomenon spp. and G. echinulata (−2.1‰ to 1.6‰). Chroococcalean cyanobacteria ranged from −1.4‰ to 8.9‰. For δ15N, the taxon-specific amplitude of temporal changes within a lake was 2–6‰, (2–6‰ for microalgae alone and 2–4‰ for cyanobacteria alone) and the amplitude among taxa within a water sample was up to 11‰. 4. The isotopic signatures of phytoplankton changed systematically with their physical and chemical environment, most notably with the concentrations of nutrients, but correlations were non-systematic and site-specific. 5. The substantial variability in the isotopic signatures of phytoplankton among taxa, seasons and lakes complicates the interpretation of isotopic signatures in lacustrine food webs. However, taxon-specific values and seasonal patterns showed some consistency among years and may eventually be predictable.
Seasonal abundance and adult survival of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in a community that cooperatively forages with fishermen in southern Brazil

A subgroup of a population of Tursiops truncatus in southern Brazil is known for a cooperative behavior with artisanal fishermen whereby the dolphins shoal fish towards net-casting fishermen. Combining photo-identification data collected between September 2007 and 2009 with mark-recapture and Pollock’s robust design models, we assessed abundance within seasons and survival and temporary emigration rates of dolphins between seasons. We also reanalyzed a previous data set collected during 1989–1991, and Cormack-Jolly-Seber models were applied to estimate survival rates for each of the study periods. The abundance of marked “cooperative” dolphins varied between seasons from 18 (CI: 17–24) to 21 (CI: 20–24). The total abundance varied from 59 in the winter of 2008 (CI: 49–72) to 50 in the autumn of 2009 (CI: 40–62). The annual adult survival was estimated to be 0.917 (CI: 0.876–0.961), close to that estimated from data collected in the 1990s (0.941; CI: 0.888–0.998). The emigration probability was low (0.031; CI: 0.011–0.084) and different capture probabilities between the “cooperative” and “noncooperative” dolphinsindicatedadegreeofbehavioralsegregation.Theprecisionofourestimates is likely to provide sufficient power to detect population change, but we recommend a precautionary management approach to protect this vulnerable dolphin community and its unique cooperative feeding tradition.
Bioclimate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate continental biogeographic variations in effect of nitrogen deposition on the temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition

The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is an important parameter for those seeking accurate projections of SOC dynamics and its feedback on climate change in terrestrial ecosystems. However, how Q10 responds to N deposition across environmental gradients and the underlying mechanism remain largely unresolved. We conducted a novel incubation experiment with periodically varying temperature based on the of soil origin sites to elucidate the responses of Q10 to N addition across China. Our results demonstrated that N addition effects (NAEs) on Q10 were negatively related to latitude and were strongly site dependent. Bioclimatic, edaphic, and microbial variables together explained 50.1% of the total variation in NAEs on Q10, but bioclimate (16.0%) had the greater explanation than edaphic (11.8%) and microbial properties (6.3%). The response of soil exchangeable Ca2+ to N addition was a predictive power for NAEs on Q10, contributing 7.2% relative importance in regulating this variation. Furthermore, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi indicated by Glomeromycota were the best microbial predictor and contributed 10.9% relative importance in the variation regulating NAEs on Q10. Overall, our results suggest that increasing N addition will increase the sensitivity of SOC decomposition to global warming and highlight the importance of bioclimate, exchangeable Ca2+, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in predicting the response of Q10 to N deposition in natural terrestrial ecosystems. The biogeographic variation in response of Q10 to N deposition should be considered in carbon‐climate models to decrease the prediction uncertainties of SOC dynamics and its feedback to global warming.