Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of woodland area on breeding success in Great Tits Parus major and Blue Tits Parus caeruleus

Reproductive performance of Great Tits and Blue Tits breeding in highly fragmented woodland was investigated in relation to woodland area in a landscape dominated by intensive arable agriculture in eastern England. Breeding performance was recorded for five years (1993-1997) for tits breeding in nestboxes in up to 43 woods ranging in size from 0.1 to 157 ha. Trends in the components of breeding success with woodland area were investigated using a linear, mixed model including both fixed and random effects, and logistic regression analysis. In both Great Tits and Blue Tits, breeding performance declined with decreasing woodland area. For Blue Tits, the decline was accounted for by the timing of breeding which was later in smaller woods. Great Tits showed a similar trend in laying date with woodland area, but over and above this effect of timing on breeding success, they also reared lighter young in smaller woods. The variation in first egg date accounted for by woodland area was about 25% for Great Tits and 33% for Blue Tits. In some years, failure at the nestling stage was frequent for Great Tits (but not Blue Tits) in small woods, but was not recorded to the same extent in large woods. The results are discussed in the context of previous studies of tit breeding success in relation to individual bird quality, habitat quality and availability, and the consequences of habitat fragmentation.
Inflammatory Correlated Response in Two Lines of Rabbit Selected Divergently for Litter Size Environmental Variability

Simple Summary Animal welfare is a priority objective for the livestock industry. Litter size environmental variability has been related to environmental sensitivity. A divergent selection experiment for environmental variance of litter size variance was carried out successfully in rabbits over thirteen generations. The low line showed a lower inflammatory response and susceptibility to infectious disorders than the high line. In conclusion, the decrease of environmental sensitivity seems to increase the adaptation of the animal to the environment, and thus, its welfare. Abstract A divergent selection experiment for environmental variance of litter size variance was carried out in rabbits over thirteen generations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response in the two lines of the experiment, in order to analyse the effect of selection on susceptibility to diseases after challenging to stressful situations, such as 24 h after the first delivery. A total of 78 females were used in this study, 39 from each line. The line selected for litter size heterogeneity (the high line) showed lower white blood leukocyte count (WBC; −0.87 × 103/µL), lower percentage of basophils (−0.11%), higher concentration of TNF-α (+13.8 pg/mL), and greater concentration of CRP (+38.1 µg/mL) than the line selected for litter size homogeneity (the low line). The high line had also higher concentrations of bilirubin, cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to the low line (difference between lines were +0.08 µmol/L, +0.14 µmol/L, +0.35 U/L and +2.4 U/L, respectively). The high line showed higher inflammatory response than the low line, in accordance with a larger susceptibility to infectious disorders. In conclusion, the line selected to increase litter size environmental variability seems to have poor capacity coping with environmental stressors. Therefore, selection for litter size environmental variability can be a useful way to improve animal welfare.
Implication of Potassium Channels in the Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and severe cardiopulmonary disease without curative treatments. PAH is a multifactorial disease that involves genetic predisposition, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors (drugs, toxins, viruses, hypoxia, and inflammation), which contribute to the initiation or development of irreversible remodeling of the pulmonary vessels. The recent identification of loss-of-function mutations in KCNK3 (KCNK3 or TASK-1) and ABCC8 (SUR1), or gain-of-function mutations in ABCC9 (SUR2), as well as polymorphisms in KCNA5 (Kv1.5), which encode two potassium (K+) channels and two K+ channel regulatory subunits, has revived the interest of ion channels in PAH. This review focuses on KCNK3, SUR1, SUR2, and Kv1.5 channels in pulmonary vasculature and discusses their pathophysiological contribution to and therapeutic potential in PAH.
A 6-month follow-up study on response and relapse rates following an acute trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with major depression

Abstract Background Little is known about the post-acute effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with major depression. The present study focused on the 6-month follow-up of a sample of patients with major depression, after the completion of an acute 4 weeks rTMS trial, with the aim of evaluating response (in terms of sustained and late response) and relapse rates. Methods Following the completion of an acute trial of rTMS (T0-T4), 31 drug-resistant depressed patients (bipolar or unipolar) entered a naturalistic follow-up period of 6 months, with three timepoints (T5, T6, and T7) during which they were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Results Results showed that in the 6 months following an acute transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) trial, a higher rate of late responders was observed among previously acute TMS nonresponders (63.64%, 7 out of 11) compared to the rate of relapse among those who had acutely responded to TMS (10%, 2 out of 20). In addition, an overall high rate of maintained response (90%) was observed. Conclusion Present findings seem to support the possibility of obtaining a clinical response also after the end of an acute TMS trial in patients with major depression. The concomitant low rate of relapse observed at the end of follow-up along with a high rate of maintained response provides further support to the post-acute efficacy of TMS. Nonetheless, further controlled studies, with larger samples and longer follow-up observation, are needed to confirm the reported results.
Factors and Beliefs that Condition the Attitude of Health Science Students towards End of Life in Spain and Bolivia: A Multicenter Study

Health Science students in Spain and Bolivia should be trained in the management of the processes of death and dying of patients. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of training, self-perceived safety and preferences in relation to the care of terminal and non-terminal patients. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study with students of Medicine, Nursing and Physiotherapy in Spain and Bolivia. The following variables were evaluated: care preparation and emotional preparation to caring for terminally ill and non-terminally ill patients, the Death Attitude Profile Revised (PAM-R) and the Bugen Scale for Facing Death. The self-perceived preparation of students for caring for terminally ill patients can be considered “fair” (mean 2.15, SD 0.756), and this was also the case for their perceived emotional preparation (mean 2.19, SD 0.827). In contrast, the score obtained for their preparedness for treating non-terminal patients was higher (mean 2.99 and 3.16, respectively). Working with terminally ill patients, including terminal or geriatric cancer patients, was the least preferred option among future health professionals. The results obtained show a limited preference for end-of-life care and treatment, highlighting a lack of preparation and motivation among health science students in Spain and Bolivia for working with these patients.
Exploring Phenotypic and Genetic Overlap Between Cannabis Use and Schizotypy

Abstract There is a well-established relationship between cannabis use and psychosis, although the exact nature of this relationship is not fully understood. Recent studies have observed significant genetic overlap between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and lifetime cannabis use. Expanding on this work, the current study aimed to examine whether genetic overlap also occurs for subclinical psychosis (schizotypy) and cannabis use, as well as examining the phenotypic association between the traits. Phenotypic correlations were calculated for a variety of schizotypy and cannabis phenotypes in the UK Biobank (UKB), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability estimates and genetic correlations were calculated for these UKB phenotypes as well as for several other variables taken from recent genomewide association studies. Positive phenotypic correlations were observed between 11 out of 12 pairs of the cannabis use and schizotypy phenotypes (correlation range .05–.18), indicating a robust association between increased symptoms of schizotypy and cannabis use. SNP-based heritability estimates for two schizotypy phenotypes remained significant after multiple testing correction: social anhedonia (h2SNP = .08, SE = .02, N = 4025) and ever seen an unreal vision (h2SNP = .35, SE = .10, N = 150,717). Finally, one significant genetic correlation was observed between schizotypy and cannabis use, a negative correlation between social anhedonia and number of times used cannabis (rg = −.30, p = .012). The current study suggests the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis is also seen in subclinical symptoms of psychosis, but further research with larger samples is needed to determine the biological mechanisms underlying this association.
The Dilator-Dotter Technique: A Modified Method of Rapid Internal Carotid Artery Revascularization in Acute Ischemic Stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusive lesions involves high-grade ICA stenosis or occlusion with a distal intracranial occlusion. Several approaches and devices exist in the treatment of tandem occlusions; however, a consensus on the optimal technique does not exist. The Dotter technique is a method of catheter-based angioplasty to recanalize cervical ICA occlusions. We present a modified dilator-Dotter technique, which involves a polyethylene, tapered inner dilator to initially cross the occlusion, followed by guide catheterization and subsequent intracranial thrombectomy. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of this dilator-Dotter technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients with acute stroke due to tandem ICA intracranial occlusions, treated with our dilator-Dotter technique and thrombectomy between June 2018 and December 2019. We examined clinical, radiographic, and procedural data, as well as complications and outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were included. In 100% of cases, the dilator-Dotter technique resulted in ICA recanalization allowing successful thrombectomy. TICI 2b-3 revascularization was obtained in 31 patients (96%), within an average time of 25 minutes. The average preprocedural ICA stenosis was 98%, including 23 patients (72%) with complete occlusion. Following the dilator-Dotter technique, average ICA stenosis improved to 59%. There were no instances of death, iatrogenic dissection, emboli to new territory, or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: The dilator-Dotter technique may be a safe and effective modification of the traditional Dotter technique in allowing rapid ICA recanalization in cases of acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusions.
Prevalence of self-reported pain-related temporomandibular disorders and association with psychological distress in a dental clinic setting

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of self-reported pain-related temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and its association with psychological status in a dental clinic setting. Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients were asked to complete a TMD pain screener and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Correlations between symptoms of pain-related TMDs and PHQ-4 scores were analysed using Spearman’s correlation test. Symptoms of pain-related TMDs were compared between four groups of participants with different psychological profiles using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by multiple comparisons. The level of significance was adjusted using the Dunn–Bonferroni test. Results The prevalence of self-reported pain-related TMDs was 22.2%. TMD pain score was positively correlated with PHQ-4 score. The high anxiety and the comorbidity groups had significantly higher TMD pain scores than the controls. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of self-reported pain-related TMDs, which was correlated with scores on all psychological assessment scales. Symptoms of pain-related TMDs were significantly greater in patients with high anxiety scores, regardless of depression level.
Xigua Video as a Source of Information on Breast Cancer: Content Analysis

Background Seeking health information on the internet is a popular trend. Xigua Video, a short video platform in China, ranks among the most accessed websites in the country and hosts an increasing number of videos with medical information. However, the nature of these videos is frequently unscientific, misleading, or even harmful. Objective Little is known about Xigua Video as a source of information on breast cancer. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the contents, quality, and reliability of breast cancer–related content on Xigua Video. Methods On February 4, 2020, a Xigua Video search was performed using the keyword “breast cancer. ” Videos were categorized by 2 doctors based on whether the video content provided useful or misleading information. Furthermore, the reliability and quality of the videos were assessed using the 5-point DISCERN tool and 5-point global quality score criteria. Results Out of the 170 videos selected for the study, 64 (37.6%) were classified as useful, whereas 106 (62.4%) provided misleading information. A total of 41.8% videos (71/170) were generated by individuals compared to 19.4% videos (33/170) contributed by health care professionals. The topics mainly covered etiology, anatomy, symptoms, preventions, treatments, and prognosis. The top topic was “treatments” (119/170, 70%). The reliability scores and global quality scores of the videos in the useful information group were high (P<.001). No differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of video length, duration in months, and comments. The number of total views was higher for the misleading information group (819,478.5 vs 647,940) but did not reach a level of statistical significance (P=.112). The uploading sources of the videos were mainly health care professionals, health information websites, medical advertisements, and individuals. Statistical differences were found between the uploading source groups in terms of reliability scores and global quality scores (P<.001). In terms of total views, video length, duration, and comments, no statistical differences were indicated among the said groups. However, a statistical difference was noted between the useful and misleading information video groups with respect to the uploading sources (P<.001). Conclusions A large number of Xigua videos pertaining to breast cancer contain misleading information. There is a need for accurate health information to be provided on Xigua Video and other social media; health care professionals should address this challenge.
A self-determination theory analysis of reflective debrief themes about dietetic student placement experiences in hospital: implications for education.

BACKGROUND Healthcare placements in dietetics education contribute significantly to student learning. Exploring students' self-conceptualisation of placement experiences may provide insights to better support learning. Self-determination theory (SDT) has been used to seek insight into clinical and educational settings but has not yet been applied to dietetic placement learning. The present study investigated dietetics students' reflections of key influences on placement learning experiences and their alignment with an SDT framework. METHODS A post-placement two-stage critical incident debrief was conducted with seven successive cohorts (168 students) of dietetic undergraduate students on final placement. In debriefs, students' anonymous themes were collected and discussed, inductively analysed, and then mapped against an SDT framework of psychological and motivational constructs. RESULTS Nine key themes were identified that impacted upon placement experiences. Four themes related to framework constructs: (1) Supervisor (and Peer) Autonomy Support; (2) Perceived Competence; (3) Relatedness; and (4) Autonomy and Intrinsic Motivation. Non-SDT themes were also present, including: (5) Learning Environment and Experience; as well as themes about professional behaviours and identity: (6) Teamwork and Interactions; (7) Managing Emotions and Self-Care; (8) Dietetic Communications and Behaviours; and (9) Developing a Professional Identity. CONCLUSIONS Embedding a structured debrief in the curriculum and using a psychological motivational SDT framework to analyse themes arising can provide valuable information about the learning needs of students on placement with potential for wider application in dietetic learning and teaching and workforce employability. The current findings may have application in university curricula before and after professional placement.
Multi-trait and multi-source selection indices for milk production and reproductive traits in a herd of Holstein cattle in Egypt

The main aim of this study was explore possibility to improve milk production and reproductive traits of Holstein cattle via selection index method which include general, reduced, sub and Multi-source of information indices (Own-Performance, Full-Sibs and Half-Sibs). D ata was obtained from a commercial farm (Safi Masr for Developing the Animal Resources), located in the Nile Delta, Dakahlia, Egypt. Data included 4791 records of 1797 cows, 794 dams and 67 sires that represented the period from 2002 to 2012. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for studied traits were computed and used to construct 18 selection indices to improve milk production and reproductive traits. F ull index incorporating milk yield at 305d (305-dMY), lactation period (LP), days open (DO) and age at first calving (AFC) had the highest correlation with aggregate breeding value (R ih = 0.518; RE=100%). The correlation fell to 0.455 when 305-dMY was omitted from the index. The general index has the maximum expected genetic gain in 305-dMY (132.6 kg) per generation were accompanied by decrease of LP (-4.679 day), DO (-3.449 day) and AFC (-1.41 month) when all four traits were included in the index (I 1 ). The expected genetic gain for 305-dMY decreased to 26.84 kg/generation when 305-dMY was excluded in index 5 (I 5 ). In addition, Using multi-source of information will enhance correlation with aggregate breeding value (R ih = 0.740; RE=142.91%) and raised the expected genetic gain per generation for 305-dMY (209 kg) and decreasing the expected genetic gain for LP (-6.37 day), DO (-4.244 day) and AFC (1.843 month) when all four traits were included in the index (I 16 ). It could be suggested using the higher indexes of Rih (I 1 (RE=100) ) to improve milk production and reproductive traits in Holstein cattle under own-performance strategy and using (I 16 (RE= 142.91 ) ) under multi-source strategy to get high accuracy and higher expected genetic changes per generation compare to general index.
Binary grading may be more appropriate for endometrial cancer

Objective: To elucidate the survival consequences of the prognostic factors for endometrial cancer. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 276 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer who admitted for staging surgery. The extent of the surgery was determined by clinical staging and preoperative evaluation. The pathology specimens were reassessed by a gynecopathologist. Independent risk factors were revealed for the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) utilizing Kaplan-Meier and “Cox” proportional analysis. Results: The median follow up of the patients was 50 months. Of the 29 patients who died, 15 (5.43%) died because of endometrial cancer. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent risk factors for OS and PFS were stage (p=0.002, 0.002, respectively) and grade 3 (G3) histology (p=0.013, 0.015, respectively). Positive peritoneal cytology was an independent risk factor for OS (p=0.024), but not for PFS (p=0.050). Stage (p=0.005) was found to be the only independent risk factor for DSS. Patients with G1 and G2 histology had a similar and more favorable prognosis than patients with G3 histology. Conclusion: Advanced stage, high-grade tumor and the presence of positive peritoneal cytology were ascertained as independent prognostic factors for endometrial cancer. A binary histological grading system could be simpler and as effective as the current three grade system because grade 1 and 2 patients showed similar prognosis.
Calidad nutricional y digestibilidad in situ de ensilajes de cuatro leñosas forrajeras

Se evaluo el efecto del tiempo de conservacion en la calidad nutricional y la digestibilidad in situ de ensilajes de cuatro plantas lenosas forrajeras: Cratylia argentea (T1), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (T2), Trichanthera gigantea (T3) y Tithonia diversifolia (T4). Las plantas fueron podadas a los seis meses de establecidas y a los tres meses de rebrote, y se utilizaron las hojas y ramas tiernas pequenas para confeccionar 64 silos de 10 kg, en bolsas plasticas. Cada tiempo de conservacion (0, 30, 60 y 90 dias) tuvo cuatro repeticiones. Para calcular la digestibilidad de la MS, el NT y la FDN y los parametros de la digestibilidad efectiva (DE), se utilizaron cuatro bovinos fistulados en el rumen, distribuidos en un diseno cuadrado latino 4 x 4. Los ensilajes presentaron aspecto y olor agradables, con pH entre 4,2 y 4,6 y nitrogeno amoniacal menor que 1 %. El porcentaje de NT fue mayor para T1 (2,52) y T2 (2,43), y este nutriente se redujo hasta los 90 dias. La DE de la MS, el NT y la FDN fue superior (p < 0,05) en T2, con tendencia a disminuir con el tiempo de conservacion (90 dias). Este mismo comportamiento presentaron las fracciones A, B y c. El mayor contenido de lignina se resento en T3 (5,45 %) y T4 (5,60 %), indicador que afecto de manera negativa la cinetica ruminal. La disminucion de la calidad nutricional y la digestibilidad por el tiempo de conservacion fue menor para T2 y T3. Se concluye que las propiedades organolepticas de los ensilajes fueron optimas, el nitrogeno amoniacal no supero el 1% y el acido lactico vario entre 1,0 y 3,6 %; mientras que el tiempo afecto en menor grado la composicion nutricional del ensilaje de H. rosa-sinensis, con respecto a las otras forrajeras. Se recomienda ensilar para la epoca de seca y utilizar los ensilajes antes de los 60 dias de conservacion.