Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements in an Acoustically Driven Coaxial Jet under Supercritical Conditions

*† ‡ An experimental investigation was conducted on a coaxial jet similar to those used in cryogenic liquid rockets, under sub-, near-, and supercritical conditions, with the ultimate intent of gaining a better understanding of an aspect of combustion instability that pertains to interactions of an externally-imposed acoustic field with the jet. Past research works on this subject have shown both the relevance and importance of geometrical changes in an injector’s exit-area and its nearby physical and fluid mechanical processes. On this basis, special attention is paid in collecting spatially-resolved mean temperatures and documenting the aforementioned interactions at the exit of this injector. Short duration and high-speed framing digital cameras provided information on the behavior of this jet under variety of conditions. Mean and rms values of the “dark core” length fluctuations were measured from the acquired images via a computer-automated method and the ensuing results are discussed. There appears to be a good correlation between this length and the outer-to-inner jet momentum ratio, but the form of this dependence was found to be different at subcritical than the rest of the conditions. The rms values of the length fluctuations suggested a possible explanation for the observed improvement in instability limit at increasingly higher outer-toinner jet velocity ratios.
The Prohibitin-Binding Compound Fluorizoline Activates the Integrated Stress Response through the eIF2α Kinase HRI

Fluorizoline is a synthetic molecule that induces apoptosis, by selectively targeting prohibitins (PHBs), through induction of the BH3-only protein NOXA. This induction is transcriptionally regulated by the integrated stress response (ISR)-related transcription factors ATF3 and ATF4. Here, we evaluate the role of the four eIF2α kinases, to decipher which is responsible for the mechanism of ISR activation triggered by fluorizoline in HeLa and HAP1 cells. First, we demonstrated the involvement of the eIF2α kinases using ISR inhibitor (ISRIB) and by simultaneous downregulation of all four eIF2α kinases, as both approaches were able to increase cell resistance to fluorizoline-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we confirmed that fluorizoline treatment results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as evidenced by PERK activation. Despite PERK activation, this kinase was not directly involved in the ISR activation by fluorizoline. In this regard, we found that the eIF2α kinases are capable of compensating for each other’s loss of function. Importantly, we demonstrated that the mitochondrial-stress-related eIF2α kinase HRI mediates ISR activation after fluorizoline treatment.
Solubilities of Carbon Dioxide in Heavy Hydrocarbons.

Solubilities and saturated densities of carbon dioxide in four equi-molar mixtures of tridecane+pentadecane, tridecane+hexadecane, tetradecane+pentadecane, and tetradecane+hexadecane were measured at 313.15K without analysis of the phase compositions. Solubilities of carbon dioxide and saturated liquid densities reported in the previous study for four hydrocarbons, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, and hexadecane, were correlated with an equation of state. The binary interaction parameters in the equation of state were further generalized. Using the generalized parameters in the equation of state, solubilities and saturated liquid densities of carbon dioxide in those hydrocarbons could be successfully calculated.
Electrodynamics of Rotating Systems

In many examples of electrodynamics of rotating systems we are less interested in the fields observed in the rotating frame than those in the lab frame. Yet, it may be that knowledge of some aspects of the fields in the moving frame is helpful in reaching an understanding of the fields in the lab frame. In this case, it is often convenient to characterize the fields near some point in the moving frame via the use of Lorentz transformations between the lab frame and the comoving, inertial (nonrotating) frame in which that point in the rotating system is instantaneously at rest. For reviews of this approach, see [1, 2]. If the rotating system includes linear, isotropic media with (relative) permittivity and/or (relative) permeability μ that differ from unity, the electrodynamic description should include the “auxiliary” fields D = E + 4πP and H = B − 4πM, where P and M are the electric and magnetic polarization densities. Solutions to Maxwell’s equations for B, D, E and H in terms of the free charge density ρ and the conduction current J can only be obtained using knowledge of the constitutive equations that relate D and H to E and B. These relations are simple in an inertial rest frame of the medium,
Invariant Subspace Theorems for Finite Riemann Surfaces

The purpose of this paper is to extend various invariant subspace theorems for the circle group to multiply connected domains. Such attempts are not new. Actually, Sarason (4) studied the invariant subspaces of annulus operators acting on L2 and showed certain parallelisms between the unit disk case and the annulus case. Voichick (8) observed analytic functions on a finite Riemann surface and generalized the Beurling theorem on the closed invariant subspaces of H2 as well as the Beurling–Rudin theorem on the closed ideals of the disk algebra. Here we shall consider LP(Γ) and C(Γ) defined on the boundary Γ of a finite orientable Riemann surface R.
Network Intrusion Detection Method Based on Hybrid Improved Residual Network Blocks and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units

With the rapid development of network technology, network intrusion detection plays a vital role in network security. In the era of big data, a large amount of network data is generated in the network all the time. Traditional detection methods do not achieve high accuracy and need to take a long time to detect network data. Therefore, how to improve the efficiency and accuracy of detection has become a hot topic of current research. Since each network traffic data has both spatial and temporal characteristics, this paper proposes a hybrid network classifier consisting of improved residual network blocks and bidirectional gated recurrent units. Before inputting the classification network, the feature dimensionality of the network data is first reduced using an improved autoencoder, and then the processed network data is detected using the constructed hybrid network classifier. In this paper, the proposed research approach is justified using official experimental datasets in the field of network detection (NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15). The experimental results show that the proposed method in this paper achieves a higher accuracy of 93.40% and 93.26% on the datasets of NSL_KDD and UNSW_NB15, respectively, compared with the known detection methods.
Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients

Although immunotherapy is already a staple of cancer care, many patients may not benefit from these cutting-edge treatments. A crucial field of research now focuses on figuring out how to improve treatment efficacy and assess the resistance mechanisms underlying this uneven response. For a good response, immune-based treatments, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, rely on a strong infiltration of T cells into the tumour microenvironment. The severe metabolic environment that immune cells must endure can drastically reduce effector activity. These immune dysregulation-related tumour-mediated perturbations include oxidative stress, which can encourage lipid peroxidation, ER stress, and T regulatory cells dysfunction. In this review, we have made an effort to characterize the status of immunological checkpoints, the degree of oxidative stress, and the part that latter plays in determining the therapeutic impact of immunological check point inhibitors in different neoplastic diseases. In the second section of the review, we will make an effort to assess new therapeutic possibilities that, by affecting redox signalling, may modify the effectiveness of immunological treatment.
Nonparametric Additive Instrumental Variable Estimator: A Group Shrinkage Estimation Perspective

In this article, we study a nonparametric approach regarding a general nonlinear reduced form equation to achieve a better approximation of the optimal instrument. Accordingly, we propose the nonparametric additive instrumental variable estimator (NAIVE) with the adaptive group Lasso. We theoretically demonstrate that the proposed estimator is root-n consistent and asymptotically normal. The adaptive group Lasso helps us select the valid instruments while the dimensionality of potential instrumental variables is allowed to be greater than the sample size. In practice, the degree and knots of B-spline series are selected by minimizing the BIC or EBIC criteria for each nonparametric additive component in the reduced form equation. In Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the NAIVE has the same performance as the linear instrumental variable (IV) estimator for the truly linear reduced form equation. On the other hand, the NAIVE performs much better in terms of bias and mean squared errors compared to other alternative estimators under the high-dimensional nonlinear reduced form equation. We further illustrate our method in an empirical study of international trade and growth. Our findings provide a stronger evidence that international trade has a significant positive effect on economic growth.
First Report of Skunk Amdoparvovirus (Species Carnivore amdoparvovirus 4) in Europe in a Captive Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Skunk amdoparvovirus (Carnivore amdoparvovirus 4, SKAV) is closely related to Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) and circulates primarily in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in North America. SKAV poses a threat to mustelid species due to reported isolated infections of captive American mink (Neovison vison) in British Columbia, Canada. We detected SKAV in a captive striped skunk in a German zoo by metagenomic sequencing. The pathological findings are dominated by lymphoplasmacellular inflammation and reveal similarities to its relative Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1, the causative agent of Aleutian mink disease. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome demonstrated 94.80% nucleotide sequence identity to a sequence from Ontario, Canada. This study is the first case description of a SKAV infection outside of North America.
Control of muscle force and timing during the periodic isometric pressing movement of the index finger

During periodic isometric pressing movement of the right index finger, we demonstrated that it was more difficult to accurately control the decrease in force necessary to achieve a target lower force than it was to accurately control the increase in force necessary to achieve a target upper force. We further examined the effects of increasing or decreasing force on the control of timing in a prescribed motor task. After 11 right-handed male undergraduate students had performed the self-paced task, they undertook two prescribed tasks with one test trial following three practice trials. The two prescribed tasks were a target peak force of 4 or 7 N and a target valley force of 1 or 4 N, with a target peak-to-peak or valley-to-valley interval of 500 ms. The analysis showed that participants exhibited a greater magnitude of constant error at the target valley force than at the target peak force for the prescribed task. The valley force was markedly more variable than the peak force for both the preferred and the prescribed tasks. The force variability for a target valley force of 4 N was also strikingly higher than that for a target peak force of 4 N, indicating that a decrease of force to the target valley resulted in greater force variability. For the prescribed task, on the other hand, the valley-to-valley interval was more variable than the peak-to-peak interval. Thus, while a switch from the upper target to the lower target produced more marked variability of movement timing, it was more difficult to accurately control the decrease of force to the lower target than it was to accurately control the increase of force to the upper target.
Evaluation of microshear bond strength of resin composites to enamel of dental adhesive systems associated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of resin composite to enamel etching by Er,Cr:YSGG laser with the use of two differents adhesives systems. Fifty freshly extracted human molars halves were embedded in acrylic resin before preparation for the study, making a total of up to 100 available samples. The specimens were randomly assigned into six groups (η=10) according to substrate pre-treatment and adhesive system on the enamel. A two-step self-etching primer system (Clearfil SE Bond) and a universal adhesive used as an etch-andrinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond Universal) were applied to the nonirradiated enamel surface according to manufacturer’s instructions, as control groups (Control CF and Control SB, respectively). For the other groups, enamel surfaces were previously irradiated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser with 0.5 W, 75 mJ and 66 J/cm2 (CF 5 Hz and SB 5 Hz) and 1.25 W, 50 mJ and 44 J/cm2 (CF 15 Hz and SB 15 Hz). Irradiation was performed under air (50%) and water (50%) cooling. An independent t-test was performed to compare the adhesive systems. Mean μSBS ± sd (MPa) for each group was 16.857 ± 2.61, 17.87 ± 5.83, 12.23 ± 2.02, 9.88 ± 2.26, 15.94 ± 1.98, 17.62 ± 2.10, respectively. The control groups and the 50 mJ laser groups showed no statistically significant differences, regardless of the adhesive system used. The results obtained lead us to affirm that the bonding interaction of adhesives to enamel depends not only on the morphological aspects of the dental surface, but also on the characteristics of the adhesive employed and the parameters of the laser.
Microencapsulation of Propolis and Honey Using Mixtures of Maltodextrin/Tara Gum and Modified Native Potato Starch/Tara Gum

Ethanolic extracts of propolis and bee honey contain substances beneficial to human health. Mixtures of wall materials were compared in spray-drying microencapsulation of ethanolic extracts of propolis and bee honey rich in bioactive compounds. Maltodextrin and tara gum were used to obtain microencapsulates A, and modified native potato starch and tara gum were used for microencapsulates B. High values of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity were obtained in microcapsules A and B, and the results obtained in terms of encapsulation efficiency, yield, hygroscopicity, solubility, moisture, Aw, bulk density, and color were typical of the spray-drying process. On the other hand, spherical and elliptical microparticles of sizes between 7.83 and 53.7 µm with light and medium stability were observed. Thermogravimetric properties were similar in both microencapsulates; total organic carbon, SEM-EDS, and FTIR analyses corroborated the encapsulation. X-ray diffractogram exhibited amorphous structures, and the release kinetics of phenolic compounds presented high values from 8.13 to 12.58 mg GAE/g between 7 and 13 h. Finally, modified potato starch is a better encapsulant than maltodextrin because it has better core protection and controlled release of the encapsulated bioactive compounds.
Star accretion onto supermassive black holes in axisymmetric galactic nuclei

Abstract Tidal Disruption (TD) of stars by supermassive central black holes from dense rotating star clusters is modeled by high-accuracy direct N-body simulation. We study the time evolution of the stellar tidal disruption rate and the origin of tidally disrupted stars. Compared with that in spherical systems, we found a higher TD rate in axisymmetric systems. The enhancement can be explained by an enlarged loss-cone in phase space which is raised from the fact that total angular momentum J is not conserved. As in the case of spherical systems, the distribution of the last apocenter distance of tidally accreted stars peaks at the classical critical radius. However, the angular distribution of the origin of the accreted stars reveals bimodal features. We show that the bimodal structure can be explained by the presence of two families of regular orbits, namely short axis tube and saucer orbits.
Virtual-to-Physical Surface Alignment and Refinement Techniques for Handwriting, Sketching, and Selection in XR

The alignment of virtual to physical surfaces is essential to improve symbolic input and selection in XR. Previous techniques optimized for efficiency can lead to inaccuracies. We investigate regression-based refinement techniques and introduce a surface accuracy eval-uation. The results revealed that refinement techniques can highly improve surface accuracy and show that accuracy depends on the gesture shape and surface dimension. Our reference implementation and dataset are publicly available.
The effect of the EU’s directive on non-financial disclosures of the oil and gas industry

ABSTRACT Owing to its substantial impact on the environment, economy, and society, we choose to examine the oil and gas industry, drawing on neo-institutionalist scholarship to concentrate on the mimetic, coercive, and/or normative effects discernible in the industry’s non-financial disclosure (NFD) behaviour. Focusing on Directive 2014/95/EU, we construct scores to assess the evolution of the sector’s NFD over time and the spillover effects beyond EU large and listed firms, the latter being directly subject to the legislation. We scrutinise NFD over a decade, producing three main results. First, we find that NFD increases immediately after the directive’s publication and further increases during the implementation phase. Second, the directive has a spillover effect, sparking significantly increased NFD among non-EU firms during the implementation period. Third, the NFD level of non-EU firms is associated with the number of EU employees and the extent of EU operations of these firms, but only following the implementation of the directive. These findings have clear repercussions for firms operating both inside and outside the EU as well as implications for EU public policymakers.
Prealbumin as a Predictor of Short-Term Prognosis in Patients with HBV-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Purpose Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a serious medical condition with a high short-term mortality rate, making accurate prognostic assessment essential for informed clinical decision-making. In this study, we aimed to develop a simple and effective prognostic model for predicting short-term mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF. Patients and Methods To achieve our objective, we enrolled both a cross-sectional cohort (n = 291) and a retrospective cohort (n = 185) in this study. We collected laboratory and clinical data from these cohorts and performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify independent predictors of short-term mortality. Subsequently, we developed a novel prognostic score for HBV-ACLF, which was validated and assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine its performance. Results Our analysis revealed that the admission prealbumin (PAB) level was a robust independent predictor of 30-day mortality, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.760. Moreover, we developed the HIAPP score, a prognostic-score model based on PAB. The HIAPP score was significantly lower in survivors compared to non-survivors (−2.80±0.21 vs 0.97±0.41, P < 0.001). The HIAPP score’s AUROC value was 0.899, which was found to be superior to the MELD score (AUROC = 0.795) and the CLIF-C ACLF score (AUC =0.781) and comparable to the COSSH-ACLF II score (AUC =0.825) for predicting 30-day mortality. These findings were also validated in a separate cohort, further supporting the utility of the HIAPP score as a prognostic tool for HBV-ACLF patients. Conclusion Our study identifies the admission PAB level as a simple and valuable predictive index for 30-day mortality in HBV-ACLF patients. Furthermore, the HIAPP score, which incorporates PAB, PLT, INR, HE, and age, is an easy-to-use and pragmatic prognostic score in predicting short-term mortality.
Indoor air quality in a training centre used for sports practice

Background One of the measures for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was the mass closure of gyms. This measure leads us to determine the differences between indoor and outdoor air quality. That is why the objective of this study was to analyse the indoor air quality of a sports centre catering to small groups and rehabilitation. Methods The study was conducted in a single training centre, where 26 measurements were taken in two spaces (indoors and outdoors). The air quality index, temperature, relative humidity, total volatile compounds, carbon monoxide, ozone, formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter were measured indoors and outdoors using the same protocol and equipment. These measurements were taken twice, once in the morning and once in the afternoon, with all measurements made at the same time, 10 am and 6 pm, respectively. Additionally, four determinations of each variable were collected during each shift, and the number of people who had trained in the room and the number of trainers were counted. Results In the different variables analysed, the results show that CO2 and RH levels are higher indoors than outdoors in both measurement shifts. Temperatures are higher outside than inside and, in the evening, than in the morning. TVOC, AQI and PM show less variation, although they are higher outdoors in the morning. CO is highest indoors. HCHO levels are almost negligible and do not vary significantly, except for a slight increase in the afternoon outside. Ozone levels are not significant. All the variables showed practically perfect reliability in all the measurements, except for ozone measured outside in the morning. On the other hand, the variables exhibit variations between indoors and outdoors during the morning and afternoon, except for the three types of PM. Also, the data show that all the main variables measured inside the sports training centre are similar between morning and afternoon. However, outside, temperature, relative humidity and HCHO levels show significant differences between morning and afternoon while no differences are observed for the other variables. Conclusion The indoor air quality of the training centre assessed was good and met current regulations; some of its components even exhibited better levels than fresh air. This article is the first to measure indoor air quality in a sports training centre catering to rehabilitation and small groups.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Four Coordination Compounds Constructed from Two Benzimidazole-Based Asymmetric Polyazocyclic Ligands

In this paper, two benzimidazole derivative ligands were obtained using o-phenylenediamine and n-pyridine formaldehyde (n = 3, 4) by amine–aldol condensation reactions, which were reacted with selected inorganic metal salts by ambient temperature volatilization method to give compounds 1–4: {[(L1)6]·[Cu8I8]} (1), {[L1]·[CuBr]·H2O} (2), {[L2]·[CuBr]}n (3), and {[(L2)4]·[Cu4I4]} (4). They were characterized by IR, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single crystal X-ray analysis. Simultaneously, compounds 1–4 were found to possess photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) by preliminary experimental investigations.