Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long‐term vegetation changes of treeless heath communities in northern Fennoscandia: Links to climate change trends and reindeer grazing

1Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland 2Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Tromsø, Norway 3Centre for Polar Ecology, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic 4Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany 5German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Reproductive interference hampers species coexistence despite conspecific sperm precedence

Negative interspecific mating interactions, known as reproductive interference, can hamper species coexistence in a local patch and promote niche partitioning or geographical segregation of closely related species. Conspecific sperm precedence (CSP), which occurs when females that have mated with both conspecific and heterospecific males preferentially use conspecific sperm for fertilization, might contribute to species coexistence by mitigating the costs of interspecific mating and hybridization. We examined whether two closely related species exhibiting CSP can coexist in a local environment in the presence of reproductive interference. First, using a behaviourally explicit mathematical model, we demonstrated that two species characterized by negative mating interactions are unlikely to coexist because the costs of reproductive interference, such as loss of mating opportunity with conspecific partners, are inevitably incurred when individuals of both species are present. Second, we experimentally demonstrated differences in mating activity and preference in two Harmonia ladybird species known to exhibit CSP. According to the developed mathematical model of reproductive interference, these behavioural differences should lead to local extinction of H. yedoensis because of reproductive interference by H. axyridis. This prediction is consistent with field observations that H. axyridis uses various food sources and habitats whereas H. yedoensis is confined to a less preferred prey item and a pine tree habitat. Finally, by a comparative approach, we showed that niche partitioning or parapatric distribution, but not sympatric coexistence in the same habitat, is maintained between species with CSP belonging to a wide range of taxa, including vertebrates and invertebrates living in aquatic or terrestrial environments. Taken together, these results lead us to conclude that reproductive interference generally destabilizes local coexistence even in closely related species that exhibit CSP.
Metabolism during adventitious root primordium initiation and development

The review compiles and discusses literature concerning the metabolism of carbohydrates, nitrogen, nucleic acids, and proteins during adventitious root initiation and development. In addition, the review includes discussion of approaches to the study of metabolism during adventitious root initiation, and proposes potentially productive areas for future research. INTRODUCTION The present review concerns metabolism associated with the initiation and development of adventitious root primordia. Influences of hormones, particularly auxins, on metabolism in propagules have been included because root primordium initiation and development are, in part, hormonal responses, and because metabolic studies have frequently included hormonal treatment effects. In general, the scope and depth of the review are limited because many topics that concern the metabolism of inorganic and organic compounds during root primordium initiation and development have not been investigated. Enzymes catalyze the reactions of metabolism, and shifts in the type and activities of enzymes thus vary metabolism and development. Development mirrors metabolism, which supplies essential organic molecules (including enzymes) and energy. Development does not occur apart from metabolism, and, as a corollary, developmental stages probably result from particular, experimentally demonstrable patterns of metabolism. The controls of metabolism also control development. Therefore, developmental studies have increasingly explored metabolism for applicable trigger, modulating, and braking mechanisms. As yet, however, it remains obscure whether some aspect of metabolism directly senses primary developmental stimuli, or whether varied metabolism occurs secondarily, as a response to a lower order stimulus (Kahl, 1973). Such lower order stimuli presumably occur in the cascade of physiological and biochemical responses to the elusive primary stimulus or stimuli. 1 See Haissig (1974) for definition of ''adventitious root primordium initiation", "adventitious root primordium development", and related terms. N.Z. J. For . Sci. 4 (2): 324-37 No. 2 Haissig — Metabolism of Adventitious Root Development 325 There are many direct approaches to the investigation of metabolism, such as applying radioactive substrates to tissue and tracing the pathways and rates by which radioactive atoms become incorporated into products. Keying such radiotracer data to developmental anatomy directly links metabolism and development. Less direct studies have attempted to evaluate the metabolic status by treating tissues with various metabolites or inhibitors, and noting the developmental response. Such studies often yield ambiguous results but the present review includes some of the pertinent results.
Study Protocol: Social Capital as a Resource for the Planning and Design of Socially Sustainable and Health Promoting Neighborhoods— A Mixed Method Study

Introduction: Promoting inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable communities is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals ratified in 2015 by 193 UN member states, not least in Sweden. Social sustainability involves preserving particular societal values (e.g., local identity) as well as developing values (e.g., social cohesion) that are perceived as needed. Socially sustainable development also implies promoting integration and preventing segregation. Social capital is one important indicator to measure how socially sustainable an area is. This project aims to explore how social capital can be used as a conceptual tool in developing housing policy for social sustainability in Umeå Municipality. Methods: The three sub-studies in this project combine quantitative and qualitative methods. We will conduct a review of the municipality's documents to understand how the ideas of social sustainability have influenced political declarations and implemented social and housing policies and interventions during the period 2006–2020. The quantitative study includes a longitudinal follow-up to the 2006 survey's respondents to assess the longitudinal impacts of neighborhood social capital on health and well-being; as well as a new repeated cross-sectional survey to investigate how social capital has changed in local neighborhoods from 2006 to 2020. The qualitative study includes case studies in neighborhoods with different social capital dynamics to understand how different resident sub-groups perceive their neighborhoods and how implemented social and housing policies have influenced the social capital dynamics and responded to the needs of different sub-groups. The project is run in close collaboration with the Commission for a Socially Sustainable Umeå. Discussions: This project will create new and unique perspectives on long-term structural changes of relevance for a socially sustainable housing policy; knowledge that is highly valuable for continuous municipal planning; and will outline recommendations to guide local housing policies for social sustainable neighborhoods in Umeå Municipality. Ethics: This study has been assessed and approved by the Swedish Ethics Review Authority (Dnr: 2019-04395; Dnr: 2020-00160; Dnr 2020-02757). Dissemination: The dissemination goals of this project are (1) sustained engagement of key stakeholders throughout the project and (2) dissemination of the research findings through popular science, conferences, and scientific papers.
Armillaria root rot spreading into a natural woody ecosystem in South Africa

This work is based on the research supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF; grant 91570). The members of the Tree Protection Co-operative Programme (TPCP), the THRIP initiative of the Department of Trade and Industry, the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) of the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, South Africa.
A revision and one new species of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae, Cucurbitales) in Northeast India

Following a taxonomic revision of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae, Cucurbitales) from Northeast India based on 332 herbarium specimens, 38 species are confirmed to occur in the region, of which ten are endemic. One new species is described, Begonia koelzii R.Camfield sp. nov., in B. sect. Platycentrum (Klotzsch) A.DC. One species is reduced into synonymy; B. barbata Wall. is now a synonym of B. thomsonii A.DC. Three species, B. difformis (Irmsch.) W.C. Leong, C.I Peng & K.F. Chung, B. labordei H.Lev. and B. handelii Irmsch. , are reported new for India, and B. lushaiensis C.E. C.Fisch. is reinstated as an accepted species, having previously been synonymised under B. modestiflora Kurz. A key to the species in the region and preliminary conservation assessments are presented.
A Good Story Well Told: Storytelling Components That Impact Science Video Popularity on YouTube

Storytelling plays a crucial role in science communication, but little research has investigated how it impacts the popularity of science videos. This study examined storytelling components in 306 popular YouTube science videos and revealed significant relationships between video popularity and five storytelling components, namely dramatic question, insight, moments of change, emotional arousal and, status of story. Emotional arousal, in particular, showed a strong association with popularity. The results shed light on the role of storytelling in increasing science video popularity.
Changes in competitive ability between safflower-weeds affected by timing of nitrogen fertilizers.

Nitrogen (N) effects on crop-weed competition and its information may help to improved integrated weed management systems. A two-year field experiment (2015 and 2016) was conducted on a silty clay loam soil in semi-arid climatic conditions to determine the combined effects of N sources (ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS), sulfur coated urea (SCU), urea (U)) and timing fertilization (sowing, stem elongation, flowering) on weed-safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) competition and safflower yield at Shiraz University, Iran. The experimental design was a split split-plot with three replications. Results showed that weeds significantly reduced safflower yield components approximately 39% and caused a decrease in seed yield up to 70%. In weed free, the highest seed yield (3303.52 kg ha-1) and oil yield (753.09 kg ha-1) were achieved by AN and U fertilizers, respectively, when N fertilization was applied half (50 kg N ha-1) at sowing and other half (50 kg N ha-1) at stem elongation and zero N application at flowering stage (T1N1/2, T2N1/2, and T3N0). However, ANor U fertilizer timing of T1N1/2, T2N1/2, and T3N0 increased relative competition intensity (RCI) and ability to withstand competition (AWC) indices approximately 80%. On the contrary, U fertilizer timing of T1N1/2, T2N1/2, and T3N0 increased ability to compete (AC) index up to 20% as compared to the AN fertilizer. Our research has shown that U fertilizer timing of one third of the N (33.5 kg N ha-1) fertilization at sowing, two thirds of the N (66.5 kg N ha-1) fertilization at stem elongation and zero N application at flowering (T1N1/3, T2N2/3, and T3N0) can be used to advise farmers of the importance of strategic fertilizer management in terms of both weed management and safflower yield.
Surgical Management of Anterior Glottic Webs

Congenital webs are rare and represent <5% of all congenital laryngeal anomalies. They are usually a partial laryngeal atresia rather than a true web, and present as a thick and fibrotic web with subglottic extension and associated subglottic stenosis. All patients with a congenital anterior glottic web should be evaluated for chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Management strategies are mainly based on the severity of airway obstruction and the anatomical extension of the webs. Simple division of the web endoscopically may be adequate for rare thin webs, however, an open approach is usually warranted for thick glottic webs regardless of Cohen grades. Open repair can be either with keel placement or reconstruction of the anterior commissure.
Comparison of ecosystem processes in a woodland and prairie pond with different hydroperiods

ABSTRACT Shallow lakes and ponds constitute a significant number of water bodies worldwide. Many are heterotrophic, indicating that they are likely net contributors to global carbon cycling. Climate change is likely to have important impacts on these waterbodies. In this study, we examined two small Minnesota ponds; a permanent woodland pond and a temporary prairie pond. The woodland pond had lower levels of phosphorus and phytoplankton than the prairie pond. Using the open water oxygen method, we found the prairie pond typically had a higher level of gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) than the woodland pond, although the differences between the ponds varied with season. Despite the differences in GPP and R between the ponds the net ecosystem production was similar with both being heterotrophic. Since abundant small ponds may play an important role in carbon cycling and are likely to undergo changes in temperature and hydroperiod associated with climate change, understanding pond metabolism is critical in predicting impacts and designing management schemes to mitigate changes.
Inter-Row Cultivation for Weed Control in Organic Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii DEDICATION . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi 1.0 Introduction . 1 2.0 Literature Review. 3 2.1 Organic Cropping Systems . 3 2.2 Organic Pulse Production . 4 2.3 Integrated Weed Management . 5 2.3. 1 Integrated Weed Management in Organic Cropping Systems . 5 2.3. 2 Cultural Weed Control in Organic Pulse Production . 6 2.3. 3 Mechanical Weed Control . 7 3.0 Tolerance of Field Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) and Lentil (Lens Culinaris L.) to Inter-Row Cultivation Under Weed-Free Conditions. 18 3.
Prevalence and colonization of S.aureus in nasal cavity of domestic animals and of those who are taking care of them

Staphylococci can infect both mammals and humans; they are one of the most common bacterial pathogens and one of the most important factors for nosocomial infections. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare human and animal samples in relation to Staphylococci and to examine their resistance to antibiotics in Thessaly, Greece. Method: A total of 344 samples were collected; 74 from humans and 270 from domestic animals (cats, dogs, goats, horses, sheep). Sampling was performed using cotton swabs. All Staphylococci were isolated, identified and tested for their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents using an automated system. Result: The majority of the samples collected were positive to a bacterium. The bacterium, which was isolated was mainly Staphylococcus sciuri. The isolates of S. aureus were detected in the human samples, as well as in the samples from dogs, and horses. Regarding the resistance to antibiotics, the highest rates were recorded against penicillin. In conclusion, humans, domestic animals and people who are taking care of them carried S.aureus.
Formation of the mouse cochlea: roles of Sonic hedgehog

The formation of the mammalian cochlea is dependent on signalling from its surrounding tissues during embryogenesis. Using genetically engineered mutant mice and surgically manipulated chicken embryos, we demonstrated that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) secreted from the developing notochord and the floor plate is important for specification of ventral inner-ear structures that include the cochlear duct. Additionally, tissue-specific knockout of Shh in the developing spiral ganglion indicates that this source of Shh is required for mediating growth of the cochlear duct, timing of terminal mitosis of hair cell precursors, and subsequent differentiation of nascent hair cells along the cochlear duct.
A Novel Signature of 23 Immunity-Related Gene Pairs Is Prognostic of Cutaneous Melanoma

In this study, we aimed to identify an immune-related signature for predicting prognosis in cutaneous melanoma (CM). Sample data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 460) were used to develop a prognostic signature with 23 immune-related gene pairs (23 IRGPs) for CM. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups using the TCGA and validation datasets GSE65904 (n = 214), GSE59455 (n = 141), and GSE22153 (n = 79). The ability of the 23-IRGP signature to predict CM was precise, with the stratified high-risk groups showing a poor prognosis, and it had a significant predictive power when used for immune microenvironment and biological analyses. We subsequently established a novel promising prognostic model in CM to determine the association between the immune microenvironment and CM patient results. This approach may be used to discover signatures in other diseases while avoiding the technical biases associated with other platforms.
The effect of natural microbiota on colour, texture and sensory properties of sucuk during the production

Sucuk uretiminde fermentasyon asamasi starter kulturlerin katkisiyla veya “Chance Inoculation” olarak adlandirilan uretim sirasinda ham maddeden ve cevreden kaynakli mikroorganizmalarla bulasma sonucu gerceklesmektedir. Ham madde ve cevre kaynakli bu mikroorganizmalar metabolik aktiviteleri ve yarismaci ozellikleri sayesinde bulunduklari ortamda endustriyel kulturlere gore daha iyi adapte olmakta ve arzu edilen duyusal ozelliklerin olusumunda etkin rol oynamaktadirlar. Calismada, geleneksel metotlarla uretimi yapilan sucuk hamurlarindan izole ve molekuler olarak identifiye edilen Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sake, Lactobacillus curvatus ve Staphylococcus xylosus sus kombinasyonlari kullanilarak yapilan sucuk uretiminde renk, tekstur ve duyusal ozellikler uzerinde tuketici damak zevkine en uygun mikroorganizma kombinasyonunun belirlenmesi amaclandi. Renk analiz sonuclarina gore gruplar arasi farkin onemli olmadigi sonucuna varildi (p>0.05). Tekstur profil analizinde sertlik, ic yapiskanlik ve elastikiyet ozellikleri istatistiksel fark gosterdi (p<0.05). Duyusal degerlendirmede ise cig sucuklar icin sadece tekstur ozelligi acisindan istatistiksel fark belirlenirken (p<0.05); pismis sucuk degerlendirmesinde kesit yuzey rengi (p<0.01), dis yuzey rengi (p<0.01), tekstur (p<0.01) ve genel kabul edilebilirlik ozellikleri (p<0.05) bakimindan gruplar arasi fark onemli bulundu. Degerlendirmeler sonucu, tuketici damak zevkine en uygun mikroorganizma kombinasyonunun Lactobacillus sake, Lactobacillus curvatus ve Staphylococcus xylosus oldugu sonucuna ulasildi
Parasitoids reared from galls of Stefaniola sp. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Haloxylon spp. in China, with redescription of Mesopolobus quadrimaculatus Dzhanokmen (Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae)

Qin LI, Klarissa Alekseyevna DZHANOKMEN, Serguei Vladimirovich TRIAPITSYN, Hong-ying HU* College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China Institute of Zoology, Committee of Science, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan Entomology Research Museum, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
Effect of foliar spray of Micronutrients on Yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata)

The experiment was conducted during rabi, 2016-2017 at Regional Horticultural Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India to evaluate the yield performance of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata) through foliar spray of micronutrients. The experiment was arranged over 9 treatments comprising micronutrient sources T1 :Ammonium molybdate (0.1%), T2 :Boric acid (0.2%), T3 : Zinc sulphate (0.5%), T4 :Copper sulphate (0.5%), T5 :Ferrous sulphate (0.5%), T6 :Manganese sulphate (0.5%), T7 :1% General grade-1 (Fe-2.0, Mn-0.5, Zn-4.0, Cu-0.3, B-0.5), T8:1% General grade-1 + T1 which was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The application of 1% General grade-1 + T1 (0.1% Ammonium molybdate) had shown significant impact on highest head yield per hectare (24.24 t), yield of head per plot (31.42 kg) and other yield attributes viz., polar diameter of head (15.46 cm), equatorial diameter of head (13.35 cm), gross weight of head (1.24 kg/plant) and net weight of head (748.00 g/plant) were recorded significantly highest in T8 (1% General grade-1 + T1) treatment. While head compactness did not show any significant differences.
Evaluation of Correlations Between Nutrients, Fatty Acids, Heavy Metals, and Deoxynivalenol in Corn (Zea mays L.)

SUMMARY This study was conducted to develop linear regression equations to estimate nutrients, fatty acids, heavy metals, color characteristics (L,* a,* b*), and deoxynivalenol (DON) level of corn grains (n = 54) collected from different feed mills in Turkey. Procc corr and reg procedures were used to analyze the data. Among the nutrients, asit detergent lignin, Ca, and P had the highest variability. The heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were lower than certain limits posted by regulation agencies for animals. Occurrence of DON was 53%, with the highest level of 0.725 ppm. Total of 32 highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations among nutrients, fatty acids, heavy metals, and color characteristics were determined in the current study. Correlations for estimating the range of parameters measured in corn from color characteristics lacked the practical importance. The correlations between C18:2 C18:1, ADF−NDF, Zn−Ca, Pb−Cu, and Pb−Cd produced the highest R (0.64 to 0.87) and R2 (0.41 to 0.74) values that would be of practical importance. The research showed that there are significant correlations among different components in corn grains that could provide necessary information to both plant breeders and feed manufacturers in the field.
An integrated health risk assessment of indigenous children exposed to arsenic in Sonora, Mexico

ABSTRACT Exposure to inorganic arsenic (InAs) through drinking water, even at low to moderate concentrations, is a global public health problem. The objectives of this study were to estimate the risk ratio (HQ), cancer risk (R), and DNA damage (comet assay) of children from three indigenous Yaqui populations located in southern Sonora, Mexico, who were exposed to InAs through drinking water. A cross-sectional study was employed, and analysis of InAs in water and urine was performed via HPLC/ICP-MS. InAs levels in drinking water from Pótam, Vícam, and Cócorit were 108.2, 36.0, and 6.2 μg/L−1 respectively. Children from Pótam had arsenic concentrations in urine of 107.1 μg As L−1 compared with 40.3 μg As L−1 for the children of Cócorit. The HQ values for the children of Pótam, Vícam, and Cócorit were 16.64, 6.02, and 0.94, while the R values were 9.4E-04, 3.5E-04, and 5.7E-05, respectively. Children with the highest arsenic exposure had significantly increased DNA damage (OTM = 14.4 vs. 4.3) [p < 0.0005] which positively correlated with urinary arsenic levels (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, children of Pótam and Vícam are at significant risk of developing chronic diseases and cancers associated with chronic exposure to this metalloid.