Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composition of Garnet from the Xianghualing Skarn Sn Deposit, South China: Its Petrogenetic Significance and Exploration Potential

The Xianghualing skarn Sn deposit in the southwestern part of the southern Hunan Metallogenic Belt is a large Sn deposit in the Nanling area. In this paper, the garnet has been analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to obtain the concentrations of the major and trace elements. The results reveal that the garnets from the Xianghualing deposit mainly belong to andradite-grossular (grandite) solid solution and are typically richer in Al than in Fe. They show enrichment in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and notably lower light rare earth elements (LREEs), and commonly negative Eu anomalies, indicative of a relatively reduced formation environment. The garnets have high Sn concentrations between 2313 ppm and 5766 ppm. It is also evident that there is a positive correlation between Sn and Fe, suggesting that Sn4+ substitutes into the garnets through substituting for Fe3+ in the octahedral position. Combined with previous studies, it can be recognized that the Sn concentrations of garnet in skarn Sn deposits are generally high, whereas the W concentrations are relatively low. This is just the opposite in garnets from skarn W deposits that typically have high W, but low Sn concentrations. In polymetallic skarn deposits with both economic Sn and W, the concentrations of both metals in garnets are relatively high, although varying greatly. Therefore, the Sn and W concentrations in garnets can be used to evaluate a skarn deposit’s potential to produce Sn and (or) W mineralization, which is helpful in exploration.
Field Soil Sampling Density for Variable Rate Fertilization

Variable rate fertilizer application being commercially performed today is most often based on a soil test map. The sampling density used to develop a map is often selected without background information regarding field soil test variability. The objective of this study was to determine how many samples should be taken from a field in order to locate and describe major areas of fertility affecting variable rate fertilizer applications. Two 40 acre fields were sampled in an 82.5 ft grid each fall from 1989 to 1992. Soil pH, Bray P1, and available K levels were determined on each sample and maps were made using inverse distance squared estimates. Data were taken from the samplings to represent a 165 ft and 330 ft grid pattern. Maps were developed from these less dense grids and compared with the 82.5 ft grid values. In 1992, a separate 220 ft grid sampling was taken. The 220 ft grid estimates were more highly correlated with the 82.5 ft grid values than were the 330 ft grid estimates, however, membership of 220 ft and 330 ft grid estimates within soil test categories were similar. Fertilizer P and K applications were made in one field following the 1992 sampling. Spring 1993 sampling showed the success of the 220 ft grid in directing a variable rate application of P and K. Comparisons to theoretical P and K applications directed by a 330 ft grid map showed the superiority of the 220 ft grid compared with the 330 ft grid.
Melatonin and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria alleviate the cadmium and arsenic stresses and increase the growth of Spinacia oleracea L.

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a recently discovered natural product that helps the plant to cope with environmental stresses. In the same way, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria colonise plant roots and enhance plant stress tolerance. To study the impact of exogenous melatonin and Bacillus licheniformis on the growth of Spinacia oleracea L. seedlings were treated with 100 μmol exogenous melatonin and B. licheniformis under cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) stresses by a pot experiment. Different plant growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation were studied. The results showed that melatonin application and B. licheniformis inoculation alleviated As and Cd toxicity by significantly reducing the negative impacts of stresses and increasing the fresh and dry weight as well as preventing the damage to the chlorophyll content of S. oleracea L. Moreover, supplementation of melatonin, and B. licheniformis, enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, thus acting as a line of defense against As and Cd stresses. Similarly, lipid peroxidation was also inhibited by exogenous melatonin and B. licheniformis inoculation. Exogenous application of melatonin and inoculating roots of S. oleracea L. with B. licheniformis found to ameliorate the harmful effects of As and Cd contamination.
Improving motivation for physical activity and physical education through a school-based intervention

Abstract The aim was to examine the effects of a multicomponent school-based intervention on psychological correlates of physical activity (PA) in physical education (PE) and leisure-time PA settings. Two hundred and ten students (M = 13.06 ± 0.61) were assigned either to a control or an experimental school. Curricular and extracurricular PA actions were developed during one academic year to empower adolescents to be active by themselves. Experimental school students reported significant improvements in almost all psychological determinants and correlates of PA in PE and leisure-time PA settings, when compared to both control school students and their own baseline values. Results highlight the importance of developing multicomponent school-based interventions that involve the school community to improve students’ motivational outcomes in PE and leisure-time PA contexts.
Diversity, characterization and utilization of ginger: a review

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), originated in the Indo-Malayan region, is now widely distributed across the tropics of Asia, Africa, America and Australia. It was domesticated in India and China, which represent the centre of origin of the species. Cultivated ginger though sterile, exhibits variations in rhizome and vegetative characters. The crop is gaining importance as a curative agent for a variety of ailments. Yield and quality traits (such as essential oil, fibre and oleoresin contents) along with volatile and non-volatile constituents are important determinants of the commodity's end product. Cultivar diversity for yield and morphological features is well known in ginger with few primitive types having excellent quality. However, the common name(s) of ginger cultivars are confusing and have resulted in geographical bias in its ex situ conservation. Most of the molecular/biochemical marker studies reported in ginger show low levels of polymorphism in contrast to plentiful phenotypic variability recorded in the species. The large influence of environmental factors on the content of key compounds, lack of seed set and confusion of the common names are the leading constraints to further varietal improvement of ginger. As tailor-made ginger varieties assume future significance these aspects will have relevance.
Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Different‐Scale Ionospheric Irregularities in Central and East Siberia During the 27–28 May 2017 Geomagnetic Storm

We present a multi‐instrumental study of ionospheric irregularities of different scales (from tens of centimeters to few kilometers) observed over the Central and East Siberia, Russia, during a moderate‐to‐strong geomagnetic storm on 27–28 May 2017. From high‐frequency (HF) and ultrahigh‐frequency (UHF) radar data, we observed an intense auroral backscatter developed right after the initial phase of the geomagnetic storm. Additionally, we examined variations of Global Positioning System (GPS)‐based ROT (rate of TEC changes, where TEC is total electron content) for available GPS receivers in the region. Ionosondes, HF, and UHF radar data exhibited a presence of intense multi‐scale ionospheric irregularities. We revealed a correlation between different‐scale Auroral/Farley‐Buneman ionospheric irregularities of the E layer during the geomagnetic storm. The combined analysis showed that an area of intense irregularities is well connected and located slightly equatorward to field‐aligned currents (FACs) and auroral oval at different stages of the geomagnetic storm. An increase and equatorward displacement of Region 1 (R1)/Region 2 (R2) FACs leads to appearance and equatorward expansion of ionospheric irregularities. During downward (upward) R1 FAC and upward (downward) R2 FAC, the eastward and upward (westward and downward) E × B drift of ionospheric irregularities occurred. Simultaneous disappearance of UHF/HF auroral backscatter and GPS ROT decrease occurred during a prolonged near noon reversal of R1 and R2 FAC directions that accompanied by R1/R2 FAC degradation and disappearance of high‐energy auroral precipitation.
Indonesian news classification using convolutional neural network

Every language has unique characteristics, structures, and grammar. Thus, different styles will have different processes and result in processed in Natural Language Processing (NLP) research area. In the current NLP research area, Data Mining (DM) or Machine Learning (ML) technique is popular, especially for Deep Learning (DL) method. This research aims to classify text data in the Indonesian language using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as one of the DL algorithms. The CNN algorithm used modified following the Indonesian language characteristics. Thereby, in the text pre-processing phase, stopword removal and stemming are particularly suitable for the Indonesian language. The experiment conducted using 472 Indonesian News text data from various sources with four categories: ‘hiburan’ (entertainment), ‘olahraga’ (sport), ‘tajuk utama’ (headline news), and ‘teknologi’ (technology). Based on the experiment and evaluation using 377 training data and 95 testing data, producing five models with ten epoch for each model, CNN has the best percentage of accuracy around 90,74% and loss value around 29,05% for 300 hidden layers in classifying the Indonesian News data.
The eating quality of pork from Meishan and Large White pigs and their reciprocal crosses

Two studies, one using a trained taste panel and the other a consumer panel, were carried out to evaluate the eating quality of the Meishan breed. Entire male and female pigs of four genotypes: purebred Meishan (MS) and Large Wliite (LW) and the reciprocal crosses (MS♂ × LW ♀ and LW♂ × MS♀) were reared in single sex groups and given a commercial diet ad libitum from 35 kg live weight to slaughter at around 70 kg. For the taste panel, a loin joint was roasted under standard conditions and samples of fat and lean were presented to the panellists. There were no statistically significant differences between the genotypes for tenderness, juiciness, flavour, odour, incidence of boar taint or overall acceptability. Purebred Meishan samples had a higher incidence of abnormal odours but lower cooking losses and shear force values than the other three genotypes. Meat from gilts was judged to be significantly more tender and juicy, with a weaker pork flavour but a lower incidence of abnormal flavours and higher overall acceptability than that from boars. There were statistically significant interactions between genotype and sex for tenderness, abnormal odour and shear force which mainly involved the purebred Meishans and were of little practical significance. In the consumer study, loin chops and leg joints from purebred LW and the two crossbred genotypes were evaluated. Households received two samples of the same type of joint from the same sex in two separate distributions. Each household received an LW sample and a sample from one of the crossbred genotypes. In general, consumers found the appearance of the joints from the three genotypes to be equally acceptable. For eating quality, the within-household deviations of the crossbred compared with the LW suggested that MS♂ × LW♀ samples were considered to be of better eating quality, particularly for juiciness (deviation -0·71, s.e. 0·24, P P P
BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE REDBREASTED SWALLOW HIRUNDO SEMIRUFA

Summary Earle, R. A. 1989. Breeding biology of the Redbreasted Swallow Hirundo semirufa. Ostrich 60: 13–21. The two races of the Redbreasted Swallow Hirundo semirufa seem to have separate breeding seasons with the northern race H. s. gordoni breeding April-July, while most records for the nominate race fall in October-February. All nests studied were in concrete culverts less than 1 m high. Eggs laid in second clutches by individual females weighed significantly less than eggs laid in first clutches. Eggs hatched on average 16,2 days after incubation started or 18–21 days after the eggs were laid. Only females incubated. Chicks fledged 23–25 days after hatching and reached a maximum body mass of about 31,5 g on day 18 before a steady decline in mass until fledging. Most nesting failures resulted from infertile eggs or starvation of young in the nest (16,2% of all young starved). Overall breeding success was 60,6%. In all, 81,8% of first clutches produced fledglings but only 44,4% of second clutches. Over .
Perceived determinants of home delivery following antenatal care in general hospital Ikara, Ikara Local Government Area, Kaduna State

The study aim to determine the factors that make women deliver at home after attending antenatal care, to determine the awareness of women on risks associated with home delivery, to determine the type of birth attendants’ available during home delivery, and to explore the opinions of women on various strategies to prevent home delivery. A non- experimental cross-sectional design was used, with a target population of 960 people and systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the sample of 132 subjects out of the target population. Participation was voluntary and the principle of informed consent was ensured. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection but only 121 were retrieved and analyzed, using SPSS Version 23. The findings of the study revealed that, women deliver at home due to cost of hospital services, male attendant during delivery, distance of the health facility from their home, poor attitude of health care provider and fear of surgical procedure. Also, according to the findings, the strategies of preventing home delivery includes provision of free maternal and child services, good health care provider attitude, health education on danger associated with home delivery, and adequate man power. In conclusion, majority of respondents were aware on factors that make them deliver at home. Recommendations were made that, health services should be subsidized and made available to women of child bearing ages and health education as well as improvement of community awareness on the importance of institutional delivery should be planned and implemented. Key words: Determinants, home-delivery, antenatal care.
Artemether Regulates Metaflammation to Improve Glycolipid Metabolism in db/db Mice

Background Artemether, a commonly used artemisinin derivative, has been shown to possess potential antidiabetic activities. However, only limited information is available on the mechanisms of artemether in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, in this study, we examined some of the possible mechanisms of artemether (ATM) upon glycolipid metabolism in the db/db mouse model of diabetes. Materials and Methods Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db and C57BL/KsJ-db/+ mice at 4 weeks of age were divided into four groups (N=6/group): (1) NC (﻿normal ﻿control – db/+ mice, 1% methylcellulose, intragastric administration), (2) DM (﻿diabetic model – db/db mice, 1% methylcellulose, intragastric administration), (3) ATM 100 (DM + 100 mg/kg of artemether) and (4) ATM 200 (DM + 200 mg/kg of artemether). A number of assays related to diabetes were then performed following a 4-week period of these treatments. Results Artemether at both doses significantly reduced rates of weight gain and fasting blood glucose levels, improved islet function and insulin resistance and reduced serum lipid levels to varying degrees in db/db mice. Artemether exerted a positive effect on islet vacuolar degeneration and hepatic steatosis, and increased expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase, glucose transporter 4 and Insulin receptor β protein in the liver of these db/db mice. With the use of liver protein chip detection, we found that artemether significantly improved the immune microenvironment, down-regulated the expression of inflammatory factors and activated the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway through cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions. Conclusion Artemether may regulate glycolipid metabolism in db/db mice by improving the immune microenvironment. The results of this study provide important new information that can serve as the foundation for future research into the use of artemether as a means to improve glycolipid metabolism.
Influence of irrigation on survival of Poa pratensis infected by Ustilago striiformis and Urocystis agropyri

Irrigation increased the number of surviving plants of Poa pratensis 'Merion' infected with Ustilago striiformis (stripe smut) and Urocystis agropyri (flag smut) and stimulated the production of healthy shoots from infected plants. These effects were more pronounced with plants infected by U. striiformis. Nonirrigated plants infected by U. agropyri had died by the end of the second growing season: irrigation increased the survival of some U. agropyri infected plants to a third growing season and increased the survival of many U. striiformis infected plants for the same period. The number of healthy plants established from irrigated plants infected by U. striiformis also was much greater than those established from plants infected by U. agropyri. The pattern of development for healthy shoot production from infected plants differed for the respective pathogens. The reaction of U. striiformis and U. agropyri to irrigation suggests that U. agropyri is the more destructive of the two pathogens. The production .
Growth responses to elevated CO2 in NADP-ME, NAD-ME and PCK C4 grasses and a C3 grass from South Africa.

The potential use of C4 biochemical subtypes [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK)] as delimiters of plant functional types (PFTs) with distinct responses to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations was investigated in South African grass species. Gas exchange and above-ground growth in ambient and elevated CO2 (360 and 660 µmol mol–1 , respectively) were determined in three NADP-ME species, two NAD-ME species, two PCK species and one C3 species, all excavated from the same field site. Plants were grown in open-top chambers in a greenhouse for 178 d. Net CO2 assimilation rates were only significantly increased in one NAD-ME species, but stomatal conductances decreased (in six out of eight species, by a mean of 46%) and instantaneous leaf water-use efficiency increased (in all species, by a mean of 89%) in elevated CO2. These responses did not differ between photosynthetic pathways. Parameters derived from photosynthetic CO2 and light response curves were also not differentially influenced by CO2 treatment between pathways. Gas exchange responses were generally poorly related to CO2 responsiveness. Significant increases in leaf growth and canopy leaf area in elevated CO2 were found in two NADP-ME species, whereas increases in non-leaf above-ground growth were measured in three species representing all three C4 subtypes. Growth responses in elevated CO2 were apparently not simply correlated with biochemical subtype characteristics, although the most significant responses (particularly at the leaf level) were found for the NADP-ME pathway. This result was more likely attributable to the significant positive correlation found between CO2 responsiveness of leaf growth and relative leaf regrowth potential of individual species, the latter being higher in the two responsive NADP-ME species. Therefore, categorisation of PFTs according to relative growth potential may be more appropriate for predictions of CO2 responsiveness in C4 grasses.
Evolutionary history and underlying adaptation of alpine plants on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

As the highest and largest plateau in the world, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, with its numerous endemic species, is one of the important alpine biodiversity hotspots. Only recently have the evolutionary histories and underlying adaptations of these alpine plants become clear, through research mostly based on testable experiments and analyses. In this issue, we collected a total of 13 papers related to such aims. In addition, we selected a few published papers to highlight the major findings in the recent past. We also outlined the outlook and direction of future research.
Sensor Cloud Based Architecture with Efficient Data Computation and Security Implantation for Internet of Things Application

The growth of the information and communication technology has led the world to experience more sophisticated service that were once thought to be a fantasy. The emergence of the internet of things has further taken the world one step ahead by enabling the tangible things around to communicate. The IOT affords to offer more advanced services by the incorporation of the wireless sensors. The collection of the information and its delivery in the platform of internet of things is taken care by the enormous number of smart devices present in it and the numerous of smart devices present cause a very high amount of data flow. The issue arises in such platforms of internet of things in handling, regulating, storing and computing the huge amount of data flow. Move over the security of the data are also uncertain. To manage all these the paper delivers a sensor cloud based architecture with highly efficient computation and the security implantation for the application of internet of things. The proposed model improves the computation capability and the security of the data by using cloud service, the machine learning and the encryption scheme. The network simulator -3 evaluates the performance of the delivered model that provides a satisfying and sustaining results than the existing methods. The experiments were carried out on the grounds of the longevity of the network, overhead in the transmission the amount of energy used and as well as the packet drop ratio. The results attained on each ground were found be 25%, 30%, 38.76% and 50.7% better compared to the state of art approaches.