Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-World Analysis of Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) for the Acute Treatment of Migraine

Introduction: Migraine is a chronic neurological disease that is the primary cause of years lived with disability in people under the age of 50. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) is a novel drug-free acute treatment of migraine, that is FDA cleared for episodic and chronic migraine. As a prescribed digital therapeutic, REN enables large-scale post-marketing research, thus providing real-world information on the use of the intervention in a wide range of populations, environments, and situations. Methods: The REN device (®Nerivio) includes a secured, personal migraine diary, which patients can use to record their symptoms before treatment and 2 h post-treatment. Real-world data on REN treatments were collected via the app from patients across the United States who used Nerivio between October 1st, 2019, and May 24th, 2021. Data analysis focused on four metrics: 1. Per-treatment patterns of REN use as a standalone treatment vs. in combination with medications. 2. Per-user intra-individual efficacy across multiple treatments. 3. Distribution of treatment intensity among users (the electroceutical equivalent to treatment dose). 4. Prevalence and severity of adverse events. Results: 1. Out of 23,151 treatments, in 66.5% of treatments REN was used as a standalone treatment, in 12.9% it was followed by over-the-counter medications, and in 20.6% followed by prescription medications. 2. Out of 2,514 patients, response in at least 50% of treatments was achieved in 66.5% of cases for pain relief, and in 22.6% for pain freedom. 3. Out of 117,583 treatments, in 80% of cases intensity levels were between 18 and 55% of the stimulator's range. The mean intensity was 34.3% of the stimulator's output (±16.6%). 4. Out of 12,368 users (121,947 treatments), there were 59 users (0.48%) who reported device related adverse events, 56 (0.45%) of which were mild, three (0.03%) were moderate, and none were severe. Conclusions: The current analysis of real-world clinical data indicates that REN provides an efficacious, stable, and safe treatment option for acute treatment of migraine in real-world settings, both as a standalone replacement of pharmaceuticals, as well as an adjunct to medications.
Inherited Disorders of Thyroid Hormone Metabolism Defect Caused by the Dysregulation of Selenoprotein Expression

Consistent activation and functioning of thyroid hormones are essential to the human body as a whole, especially in controlling the metabolic rate of all organs and systems. Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones describes any process that interferes with the effectiveness of thyroid hormones. The genetic origin of inherited thyroid hormone defects and the investigation of genetic defects upon the processing of thyroid hormones are of utmost importance. Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone can be categorized into three conditions: thyroid hormone cell membrane transport defect (THCMTD), thyroid hormone metabolism defect (THMD), and thyroid hormone action defect (THAD). THMD is caused by defects in the synthesis and processing of deiodinases that convert the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3). Deiodinase, a selenoprotein, requires unique translation machinery that is collectively composed of the selenocysteine (Sec) insertion sequence (SECIS) elements, Sec-insertion sequence-binding protein 2 (SECISBP2), Sec-specific eukaryotic elongation factor (EEFSEC), and Sec-specific tRNA (TRU-TCA1-1), which leads to the recognition of the UGA codon as a Sec codon for translation into the growing polypeptide. In addition, THMD could be expanded to the defects of enzymes that are involved in thyroid hormone conjugation, such as glucuronidation and sulphation. Paucity of inherited disorders in this category leaves them beyond the scope of this review. This review attempts to specifically explore the genomic causes and effects that result in a significant deficiency of T3 hormones due to inadequate function of deiodinases. Moreover, along with SECISBP2, TRU-TCA1-1, and deiodinase type-1 (DIO1) mutations, this review describes the variants in DIO2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) that result in the reduced activity of DIO2 and subsequent abnormal conversion of T3 from T4. Finally, this review provides additional insight into the general functionality of selenium supplementation and T3/T4 combination treatment in patients with hypothyroidism, suggesting the steps that need to be taken in the future.
LEVEL OF SERVICE AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS

In the 1965 Highway Capacity Manual levels of service at signalized intersections are related to load factor, which was intuitively judged the best level of service indicator available. Load factor has, however, presented such problems as its insensitivity to low service volume, absence of any rational basis for defining breakpoints, and difficulty in identifying loaded cycle. A rational method for quanifying the different levels of service at signalized intersections was therefore needed. In our research we used a road-user opinion survey that involved depicting and rating different traffic situations at a carefully selected single signalized intersection. Over 300 drivers rated randomly arranged film sequences of two types--a driver's view (microview) and an overall view (microview) of a intersection--and evaluated these films, segment by segment, in terms of appropriate levels of service. Field studies and the attitude survey provided data for the development of two psychophysical models. Statistical analysis indicated that average individual delay correlated better with level of service rating than with measured load factor and encompassed all levels of service. Of all parameters affecting levels of service, load factor was rated highest by road users. /Author/
Green Building Perception Matrix, A Theoretical Framework

Research has consistently shown that architects differ from the public in what they prefer in buildings. Today, as building design and construction evolve to more sustainability, some recent studies show that the overall level of satisfaction of occupants of green buildings still does not exceed the level of satisfaction in conventional structures. Satisfaction is typically measured, with Post Occupancy Evaluation, which gathers feedback from building occupants about aspects such as comfort, indoor air quality, and aesthetics. This raises some questions: Do people perceive green building design as consistent with their desire for sustainability? Do ratings of green buildings by systems such as LEED or BREAM affect the level of satisfaction of laypeople? Can owners and occupants of green buildings be considered as green consumers, who are attracted to green products because of their willingness to mitigate the impact of human activities on the environment? This article examines Peattie’s (2001) green purchase perception matrix as a means of understanding occupants’ perceptions of green-labeled buildings. An analytical approach has been taken to identify the influential factors, which are involved in this relationship. As a result, the authors propose a green building perception matrix that addresses the compromise that occupants must make in green buildings and the confidence that building systems are indeed making a difference environmentally. Understanding and using this matrix may help green building designers to improve the level of satisfaction of building’s owners and occupants. The discussion is critical for future research on how green building design attributes can be used as a catalyst for green consumption behavior.
Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance

Heme, the protoporphyrin IX iron complex is widely present in the human body and it is involved in oxygen storage, electron transfer, and enzymatic reactions. However, free heme can be toxic as it catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species, oxidizes lipids and proteins, and causes DNA damage, thereby inducing a pro-inflammatory environment. The generation, metabolism, and degradation of heme in the human body are regulated by precise mechanisms to ensure that heme remains non-toxic. However, in several types of cardiovascular diseases, impaired metabolism and exposure to heme may occur in pathological processes, including neovascularization, internal hemorrhage, ischemia, and reperfusion. Based on years of research, in this review, we aimed to summarize the underlying mechanisms by which heme contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases through oxidative stress, relative pathway gene expression regulation and phenotypic changes in cells. Excess heme plays a detrimental role in atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, degenerative aortic valve stenosis, cardiac iron overload. Recent researches revealed that in some cases heme involved in cardiac damage though ferroptosis. Thus, heme concentrations beyond normal levels are dangerous. Further research on the role of heme in cardiovascular diseases is needed.
Anxiety, Depression, and Satisfaction With Life Among College Students in China: Nine Months After Initiation of the Outbreak of COVID-19

Background/Objective Mental health problems are common among college students. This study sought to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms and well-being among Chinese college students 9 months after initiation of the outbreak of COVID-19. Method A cross-sectional study (N = 3,951, mean age = 19.58) was conducted from October to December 2020. An online survey was used to collect socio-demographic data, and the symptoms of depression and anxiety and satisfaction with life using Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale (PHQ-9), and the 5-items Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Results The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 59.35 and 54.34%, respectively, and the score of satisfaction with life was 20.51 ± 6.42 among Chinese college students during the pandemic. After controlling for covariates, students in urban areas (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61–0.87), with good family economic levels (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.66–0.91), and having psychological counseling (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.42–0.73) were positively associated with depression symptoms; meanwhile, higher anxiety symptoms were observed among medical students (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69–0.95). Besides, healthy lifestyle such as regular physical activity and diet was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Multiple linear models revealed that medical students (β = 0.479, P = 0.031), those with good family economic level by self-evaluation (β = 1.283, P < 0.001 for good; β = 3.013, P < 0.001 for general), good academic performance by self-evaluation (β = 1.786, P < 0.001 for good; β = 3.386, P < 0.001 for general), learning burden (β = 1.607, P < 0.001 for general; β = 2.117, P < 0.001 for light), regular physical activity (β = 0.859, P < 0.001), daily routine (β = 1.289, P < 0.001), diet (β = 1.714, P < 0.001), and sufficient sleep (β = 1.408, P < 0.001) had more score of SWLS (all β > 0, P < 0.05), while senior students (β = −1.053, P=0.009), students having psychological counseling (β = −1.753, P < 0.001), and drinking (β = −0.743, P = 0.012) had lower satisfaction with life. Conclusions These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to psychological health among college students, especially during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Policy makers and educators should help college students develop a healthy lifestyle with regular diet and exercise to promote the psychological health of college students.
Slow radar target detection in heterogeneous clutter using thinned space-time adaptive processing

The authors address the problem of slow target detection in heterogeneous clutter through dimensionality reduction. Traditional approaches of implementing the space-time adaptive processing (STAP) require a large number of training data to estimate the clutter covariance matrix. To address the issue of limited training data especially in the heterogeneous scenarios, they propose a novel thinned STAP through selecting an optimum subset of antenna-pulse pairs that achieves the maximum output signal-to-clutter-plus-noise ratio. The proposed strategy utilises a new parameter, named spatial spectrum correlation coefficient, to analytically characterise the effect of space-time configuration on STAP performance and reduce the dimensionality of traditional STAP. Two algorithms are proposed to solve the antenna-pulse selection problem. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is confirmed by extensive simulation results, especially by utilising the multi-channel airborne radar measurement data set.
A Novel Humanized Anti-Interleukin-6 Antibody HZ0408b With Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutic Potential

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates immune responses and inflammatory reactions, plays a pivotal role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Blockade of IL-6 signaling with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) represents an important advancement in RA treatment. Although two IL-6 receptor antibodies are already available in the clinic, there is no mAb specifically targeting the human IL-6 to block IL-6 signaling for RA treatment. In this study, we have developed a novel humanized anti-IL-6 mAb HZ-0408b with potent binding and neutralizing activity to human IL-6. We demonstrated that HZ-0408b has a high species specificity and low cross-reactivity. Moreover, HZ-0408b showed a more potent inhibitory effect on IL-6 signaling than Siltuximab, an FDA-approved anti-IL-6 chimeric mAb. HZ-0408b is comparable to Olokizumab, a humanized mAb against IL-6 that is already in phase III studies. We observed that HZ-0408b is well tolerated at doses that can achieve therapeutic serum levels in cynomolgus monkey. Most importantly, we proved that HZ-0408b treatment significantly ameliorated joint swelling after the onset of arthritis and dramatically reduced plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a monkey collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Collectively, our findings using non-human primates indicate that humanized anti-IL-6 mAb HZ-0408b has excellent safety and efficacy profiles for RA therapy.
Segmentation of remotely sensed images with a neuro-fuzzy inference system

The semantic segmentation of remotely sensed images is a difficult task because the images do not represent well-defined objects. To tackle this task, fuzzy logic represents a valid alternative to convolutional neural networks—especially in the presence of very limited data—, as it allows to classify these objects with a degree of uncertainty. Unfortunately, the fuzzy rules for doing this have to be defined by hand. To overcome this limitation, in this work we propose to use an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which automatically infers the fuzzy rules that classify the pixels of the remotely sensed images, thus realizing their semantic segmentation. The resulting fuzzy model guarantees a good level of accuracy in the classification of pixels despite the few input features and the limited number of images used for training. Moreover, unlike the classic deep learning approaches, it is also explanatory, since the classification rules produced are similar to the way of thinking of human beings.
Experimental Index Evaluation for Partial Indexes in Horizontally Partitioned In-Memory Databases

A horizontally partitioned storage layout for column-oriented relational in-memory databases is a popular design choice. One of the reasons for horizontal table partitioning is the increased degree of ﬂexibility in data placement, multi-processing, and physical design decisions. For example, auxiliary data structures such as indexes or ﬁlters can be created partition-wise with varying implementations. However, creating indexes per partition can result in a signiﬁcant computational overhead for index lookup operations. In this work, we present a partial indexing idea to overcome this overhead. Our proposed approach creates indexes table-wise, but only tuples of frequently accessed partitions are indexed. Our research is still in progress. For the realization of our partial index, the maintenance eﬃciency of the underlying index structure is particularly relevant. Thus, in this work, we evaluate diﬀerent index implementations in their lookup speed, maintenance cost, and memory consumption to identify suitable implementations to realize partial indexes. The hash maps Robin Hood (RH) Flat Map and Tessil’s (TSL) Sparse Map achieve overall the best evaluation results. Whereas the former is comparatively faster, the latter has a lower memory footprint.
Creating lifelong learning: Implications for instructional design

Thousands of the 77 million American “baby boomers” born between 1946 and 1964 celebrate their 60th birthdays every day. As the boomers approach retirement age, many will be doing anything but retiring. It is anticipated that a large percentage will seek training for a new career, explore old or new hobbies, or look to fulfill their need for social interaction through formal and informal educational settings. This research employs a methodology for exploring and revealing the motivations, needs, and barriers to learning for older adults. This study was qualitative; ten study participants, ranging in age from 61 to 85, were selected and in-depth interviews were conducted, analyzed, and synthesized. This study recognizes the participants' need to contribute and has highlighted the importance of mentorship in these lifelong learners; the lessons learned earlier in life and the mentor-relationships formed have been a huge influence in most of the study participants' lives. Instructional designers need to understand their older adult learners’ need for learning, since learning with respect to need to contribute was a response from all of the participants. Instructional designers need to consider what it means to design for lifelong learning. With the results of this study, instructional designers and lifelong learning program planners are better equipped for designing learning materials and implementing programs that are suitable for older adults.
Stable isotope signals provide seasonal climatic markers for moss functional groups

Living moss biomass and archival peat deposits represent key indicators of present and past climatic conditions, but prediction of future climatic impacts requires appropriate marker species to be characterized under a range of contemporary conditions. Stable isotope signals in high latitude moss deposits offer potential climatic proxies. Seasonal changes in δ13C and δ18O of organic material (cellulose) in representative functional groups, and associated photosynthetic activity (as chlorophyll fluorescence) have been compared across East Anglia, UK, as a function of tissue water content. Representative species from contrasting acid bog, heathland, and fen woodland habitats were selected for monthly sampling of recent growth tissues between spring 2017 and autumn 2018, with isotopic signals in purified cellulose compared with tissue water, precipitation, and nearby groundwater signals. Sphagnum and Polytrichum groups, which tend to dominate peat formation, provided contrasting and complementary indicators of seasonal variations in carbon assimilation. Cellulose δ18O signals from Sphagnum spp. demonstrate seasonal variations in source precipitation inputs; carbon isotope signals in Polytrichum spp. indicate evaporative demand and photosynthetic limitation.
Existing Opinions on the Correlation between Blood and Salivary Glucose Concentrations for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of chronic metabolic diseases that are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and other related metabolic disturbances. It is caused either by relative/absolute insulin deficiency or cellular resistance to insulin action, or both. Due to delay in the diagnosis process, and fear of the disease and its investigative procedure by some patients, diabetes mellitus has become the major cause of death. The most commonly employed investigative procedure to diagnose diabetes mellitus and controlling glycemia is blood investigation. Unfortunately, the procedure is invasive, painful, and may cause discomfort to patients due to the need for frequent testing. Consequently, a noninvasive, much simpler, and painless procedure is very desirable. Saliva represents an attractive alternative sample and offers a distinct advantage as it can be collected noninvasively and easily without special skill, and is low cost. The present review has found more studies with a positive correlation between blood and salivary glucose concentrations than those with a negative correlation. The difference between these studies' findings may be attributed to the difference in study population and criteria of selection, samples (saliva and blood) collecting methods, analyzing methods, and influencing factors that should be considered before the test.
Improving Reading Comprehension of Simple Reading Text Using Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA) Strategy for Deaf Students

The purpose of this study was to describe the steps in using the Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA) strategy to improve reading comprehension skills of simple reading texts in class VII deaf students of SMPLB Karya Mulia Surabaya. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of 2 meetings. The subjects used were class VII SMPLB Karya Mulia Surabaya students, with ten students. While the object used is a simple reading text. The data sources of this research are students and teachers. Data collection techniques using tests, observations, interviews, and documentation. Test the validity of the data using triangulation techniques. And for data analysis used is qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques.
Influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 on upper respiratory tract microbial biodiversity in infants

Abstract. Kozhakhmetov S, Aitenov Y, Ramazanova B, Koloskova Y, Burkutbayeva T, Yeraliyeva L, Mustafina K, Beglarova G, Yergazina M, Kushugulova A. 2021. Influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 on upper respiratory tract microbial biodiversity in infants. Biodiversitas 22: 5055-5060. Pneumococcal disease and its associated mortality are burdens on the healthcare system. The intensive introduction of pneumococcal vaccines has provided robust control and infection management worldwide. The Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) has been successfully employed in the national programs of many countries. However, no studies have yet analyzed the effect of pneumococcal vaccines on Central Asian populations. We investigated the effect of the pneumococcal vaccine on the nasopharyngeal microbiome of infants under the age of two years. Samples were collected from healthy patients as part of routine hospital check-ups, then subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the V1–V3 region of 16S rRNA for bioinformatics analysis. The obtained data were combined with the results of a previously published study (with matching criteria) to increase statistical power. No significant differences were found in vaccination status, sex or age. Nevertheless, the results demonstrated structural changes in the microbiome of the upper respiratory tract under the influence of the PCV13 vaccine. The results of beta-diversity unweighted UniFrac distance measuring showed that the experimental groups differed in their qualitative (taxonomic) structure (p < 0.1). In the vaccinated group, the abundance of several symbiotic taxa was significantly decreased, including Streptococcus pneumonia.