Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
B fields in OB stars (BOB): on the detection of weak magnetic fields in the two early B-type stars beta CMa and epsilon CMa Possible lack of a "magnetic desert" in massive stars

Only a small fraction of massive stars seem to host a measurable structured magnetic field, whose origin is still unknown and whose implications for stellar evolution still need to be assessed. Within the context of the "B fields in OB stars (BOB)" collaboration, we used the HARPSpol spectropolarimeter to observe the early B-type stars β CMa (HD 44743; B1 II/III) andCMa (HD 52089; B1.5II) in December 2013 and April 2014. For both stars, we consistently detected the signature of a weak (<30 G in absolute value) longitudinal magnetic field, approximately constant with time. We determined the physical parameters of both stars and characterise their X-ray spectrum. For the β Cep star β CMa, our mode identification analysis led to determining a rotation period of 13.6± 1. 2d ays and of an inclination angle of the rotation axis of 57.6 ± 1.7 ◦ , with respect to the line of sight. On the basis of these measurements and assuming a dipolar field geometry, we derived a best fitting obliquity of about 22 ◦ and a dipolar magnetic field strength (Bd )o f about 100 G (60 < Bd < 230 G within the 1σ level), below what is typically found for other magnetic massive stars. This conclusion is strengthened further by considerations of the star's X-ray spectrum. ForCMa we could only determine a lower limit on the dipolar magnetic field strength of 13 G. For this star, we determine that the rotation period ranges between 1.3 and 24 days. Our results imply that both stars are expected to have a dynamical magnetosphere, so the magnetic field is not able to support a circumstellar disk. We also conclude that both stars are most likely core hydrogen burning and that they have spent more than 2/3 of their main sequence lifetime. A histogram of the distribution of the dipolar magnetic field strength for the magnetic massive stars known to date does not show the magnetic field "desert" observed instead for intermediate-mass stars. The biases involved in the detection of (weak) magnetic fields in massive stars with the currently available instrumentation and techniques imply that weak fields might be more common than currently observed. Our results show that, if present, even relatively weak magnetic fields are detectable in massive stars and that more observational effort is probably still needed to properly access the magnetic field incidence.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics Working Paper Series Square-root Lasso: Pivotal Recovery of Sparse Signals via Conic Programming Square-root Lasso: Pivotal Recovery of Sparse Signals via Conic Programming

We propose a pivotal method for estimating high-dimensional sparse linear regression models, where the overall number of regressors p is large, possibly much larger than n, but only s regressors are significant. The method is a modification of the lasso, called the square-root lasso. The method is pivotal in that it neither relies on the knowledge of the standard deviation σ or nor does it need to pre-estimate σ. Moreover, the method does not rely on normality or sub-Gaussianity of noise. It achieves near-oracle performance, attaining the convergence rate σ{(s/n) log p} 1/2 in the prediction norm, and thus matching the performance of the lasso with known σ. These performance results are valid for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian errors, under some mild moment restrictions. We formulate the square-root lasso as a solution to a convex conic programming problem, which allows us to implement the estima-tor using efficient algorithmic methods, such as interior-point and first-order methods.
Characterization of function spaces and boundedness of bilinear pseudodifferential operators through Gabor frames

Date Approved To my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Chris Heil for introducing me to the fascinating theory of time-frequency analysis, and for guiding and supporting me during my studies. I also thank him for setting very high standards for me in research as well as in writing. I wish to thank Professor Wilfrid Gangbo, not only for offering me the opportunity to apply to Georgia Tech, but also for being so supportive during all the years I have spent here.
Clinical Observations, Interventions, and Therapeutic Trials

chronic myeloid leukemia translocation and provide a powerful and independent prognostic indicator in Deletions of the derivative chromosome 9 occur at the time of the Philadelphia Updated information and services can be found at: (4217 articles) Neoplasia (3667 articles) Clinical Trials and Observations Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections Deletions of the derivative chromosome 9 occur at the time of the Philadelphia translocation and provide a powerful and independent prognostic indicator in chronic myeloid leukemia Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene, usually as a consequence of the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. Large deletions on the derivative chromosome 9 have recently been reported, but it was unclear whether deletions arose during disease progression or at the time of the Ph translocation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was used to assess the deletion status of 253 patients with CML. The strength of deletion status as a prognostic indicator was then compared to the Sokal and Hasford scoring systems. The frequency of deletions was similar at diagnosis and after disease progression but was significantly increased in patients with variant Ph trans-locations. In patients with a deletion, all Ph ؉ metaphases carried the deletion. The median survival of patients with and without deletions was 38 months and 88 months, respectively (P ‫؍‬ .0001). By contrast the survival difference between Sokal or Hasford high-risk and non–high-risk patients was of only borderline significance (P ‫؍‬ .057 and P ‫؍‬ .034). The results indicate that deletions occur at the time of the Ph translocation. An apparently simple reciprocal translocation may therefore result in considerable genetic heterogeneity ab initio, a concept that is likely to apply to other malignancies associated with translocations. Deletion status is also a powerful and independent prognostic factor for patients with CML. The prognostic significance of deletion status should now be studied prospectively and, if confirmed, should be incorporated into management decisions and the analysis of clinical trials.
On the Performance of Garch Family Models in the Presence of Additive Outliers

It is a common practice to detect outliers in a financial time series in order to avoid the adverse effect of additive outliers. This paper investigated the performance of GARCH family models (sGARCH; gjrGARCH; iGARCH; TGARCH and NGARCH) in the presence of different sizes of outliers (small, medium and large) for different time series lengths (250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500) using root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) to adjudge the models. In a simulation iteration of 1000 times in R environment using rugarch package, results revealed that for small size of outliers, irrespective of the length of time series, iGARCH dominated, for medium size of outliers, it was sGARCH and gjrGARCH that dominated irrespective of time series length, while for large size of outliers, irrespective of time series length, gjrGARCH dominated. The study further leveled that in the presence of additive outliers on time series analysis, both RMSE and MAE increased as the time series length increased.
Evaluation of the limit load capacity of masonry arch bridges

Using a 2D decision support system based on a recent analytical model, this paper is the first to demonstrate that bridge specific characteristics require a detailed analysis to determine the collapse load. A parameterized study of the limit load capacity is necessary to calculate the worst case positioning of any kind of load. Because of the complexity of finite element modeling and the computation time requirements of 3D finite elements models for a large number of load positions, it is regularly assumed that collapse positions are situated at the crown of the arc. Empirical testing in this paper clearly demonstrates that this is not the case. The here developed approach allows for a quick scan of any type of masonry arch bridge, thus providing the necessary information on the critical range of load positions to be analyzed in more detail by a 3D modeling approach.
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A SCALE TO MEASURE SHAME MANAGEMENT IN ADOLESCENTS (MOSS-SAST)

This paper aimed to establish evidence of validity and reliability of the adapted version of the MOSS-SAST questionnaire (Ahmed, 1999) to measure shame management in adolescents in situations of aggression toward peers. The study was conducted with a sample of 700 students from public secondary schools (N= 700) located in a northwestern state municipality of Mexico. Results enabled to obtain an empirically sustainable measuring model formed by two factors: Acknowledgment and Displacement (X2 = 5.16, p= 0.27; CMIN= 1.29; GFI= .98; CFI= .99; NFI= .97; RMSEA= .05). Evidence was obtained to show that the instrument has criterion validity since it is capable to differentiate between subgroups of students with and without reports of bullying in both factors, Acknowledgment (t= 3.49, gl= 137, p< .001) and Displacement (t= 3.63, gl= 137, p< .001). It was concluded that the results strengthen the original factorial structure of the scale and show the usefulness of the same, both for inquiring about emotions related to moral development and for identifying students involved as aggressors in bullying situations.
Pattern of Blood Component Utilization in a Teaching Hospital in South Kerala

In the absence of an effective substitute that can perform the vital functions of blood, transfusion of donated blood remains the mainstay of treatment for a wide range of medical conditions. Given the limited availability of donated blood, the aim of Blood Utilization Management System is to minimise wastage of blood resources and optimise the utilisation of blood products. Analysis of blood usage pattern can help improve the utilization of transfusion resources, can predict future blood demand and help maintain inventory levels. A comprehensive retrospective analysis of the utilization of all conventional blood components over a period of three years was performed at a tertiary care hospital. Blood components transfused were correlated with the diagnosis and indications for transfusion. A total of 4013 blood units were supplied during the studied period. RBC (42.5%) was the most utilized product, followed by frozen plasma (30%). The demand for blood products was highest from medical wards. Gender distribution showed higher requirements of platelets and frozen plasma by male patients and red cells by female patients. While the demand for red cells and plasma was more for older patients, demand for platelets did not show any age trends. Demand for platelets peaked during the months from May to August and demand for other components showed a secular trend. Keywords: Blood Transfusion, Blood Components, Blood Products, Transfusion Medicine, Blood Component Utilisation
Jukuri, open repository of the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three standardization approaches for airborne laser scanning (ALS) feature values used for individual tree species classification. This study is the first effort to assess the transferability of forest tree species classification models derived using monospectral and multispectral ALS data. Three research questions were asked; (1) How do the ALS features differ for the same species in different though comparable ecological regions? (2) How to train a model with one sub-population and apply it in another sub-population? (3) How to fuse models for two areas into a global model? To answer these questions, both 3D and intensity features were extracted from the ALS data from Canadian boreal forests. The ALS feature values were standardized in two different scenarios, disjoint areas, and partially overlapping areas, across three study areas. Feature standardization approaches were used: histogram matching, median-based standardization, and linear regression-based standardization. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF) algorithms were employed to classify the study area’s major tree species. The Bhattacharyya distance and overall accuracy (OA) were used to assess the classification model performance before and after the feature standardization. Three major conclusions were drawn. First, the Bhattacharyya distance confirmed that intensity features varied across study areas and among tree species, while 3D features were relatively less variable. Second, for the disjoint areas (York Regional Forest (YRF)) and Petawawa Research Forest (PRF)), the feature standardization procedure consistently improved the OA classification for both local model and global model approaches. The feature standardization improved the OA from 16% to 54% using LDA, and from 20% to 55% using RF in the local model. The improvement was from 58% to 66% using LDA, and from 63% to 70% using RF in the global model. It can be concluded that intensity features (at YRF and PRF) were most prone to differ between areas because of scanners and acquisition settings. If ALS data were available from both areas, intensity features need to be normalized so that the local model can be transferred. Finally, for the partially overlapping areas (the northern and southern parts of Black Brook Forest), this study suggests that normalization of ALS data is not needed because they were captured using quite similar ALS settings.
Jukuri, open repository of the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)

Various national policies guide forest use, but often with competing policy objectives leading to divergent management paradigms. Incoherent policies may negatively impact the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services (FES), and forest multifunctionality. There is uncertainty among policymakers about the impacts of policies on the real world. We translated the policy documents of Finland into scenarios including the quantitative demands for FES, representing: the national forest strategy (NFS), the biodiversity strategy (BDS), and the bioeconomy strategy (BES). We simulated a Finland-wide systematic sample of forest stands with alternative management regimes and climate change. Finally, we used multi-objective optimization to identify the combination of management regimes matching best with each policy scenario and analysed their long-term effects on
Jukuri, open repository of the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)

In Nordic countries, tree planting of seedlings is mainly performed during spring and early summer. Interest has increased in extending the planting window throughout the unfrozen growing season. This study compared the success of one-year-old spring, summer and autumn plantings in practical forestry in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in southern and central Finland. Planting success was based on the number of viable seedlings per hectare relative to a species-specific target density. The influence of different factors to poor planting results were determined, including quality of site preparation and planting, and sources of natural damage. Overall, in Norway spruce, 85, 69 and 84% and in Scots pine 53, 55 and 40% of spring, summer and autumn plantings succeeded. In Norway spruce, the planting results were consistent between the southern and central regions, whereas in Scots pine, the success was slightly lower in the south. The poor work quality and a low density of appropriate planting spots, contributed to poor planting results, regardless of planting season, region or tree species. Considering different damages, especially mammal damage contributed to the failure of Scots pine spring plantings, whereas in summer plantings, corresponding single failure reason could not be identified. Based on our findings, extending the planting season of Norway spruce could be recommended in both regions. For Scots pine, there is still significant uncertainty about the success of summer and autumn plantings, partially due to the limited number of plantings available for analyses.
Dependence of the L-Mode scrape-off layer power fall-off length on the upper triangularity in TCV

This paper reports on experimental observations on TCV with a scan in upper triangularity δ up , including negative triangularity, focusing on the power fall-off length λ q in L-Mode. The upper triangularity is scanned from −0.28 to 0.47. Smaller λ q out is measured at the outer divertor target for decreasing δ up together with higher edge temperature T e , edge leading to increased confinement. This effect is observed for both magnetic drift directions for discharges in deuterium and helium. In helium larger λ q values are observed compared to deuterium. The power fall-off length at the inner divertor target λ q in has a non-monotonic behaviour with changing triangularity. The largest values are around δ up = 0 . The ratio λ q in / λ q out increases for decreasing δ up for positive triangularity and is approximately constant for negative triangularity. λ q out is compared to available scaling laws. Partial agreement is only observed for a scaling law containing a proxy for T e , edge at ASDEX Upgrade (Sieglin 2016 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 58 055015). Extending this scaling to TCV and using T e , edge at ρ pol = 0.95 suggests that λ q out is independent of machine size λ q L ‐ Mode ( mm ) = 165 · B pol ( T ) − 0.66 · A ( u ) − 0.15 · T e , edge ( eV ) − 0.93 · R ( m ) − 0.03 . Possible explanations for smaller λ q out for decreasing δ up is a reduction in turbulence or a direct effect of increasing T e , edge .
International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Learners’ Discussion Patterns, Perceptions, and Preferences in a Chinese Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)

The development of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has proceeded through three generations, and in all three, online discussions have been considered a critical component. Although discussions in MOOCs have the Mixed methods used explore Results multiple Based on the results, theoretical, pedagogical, and analytical implications MOOC design, Abstract The development of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has proceeded through three generations, and in all three, online discussions have been considered a critical component. Although discussions in MOOCs have the potential to promote learning, instructors have faced challenges facilitating learners’ knowledge inquiry, construction, and management through social interaction. In addition, understanding various aspects of learning calls for more mixed-method studies to provide both quantitative, generalized analysis and qualitative, detailed descriptions of learning. This study fills these practice and research gaps. We designed a Chinese MOOC with the support of a pedagogical strategy, a learning analytic tool, and a social learning environment in order to foster learner engagement in discussions. Mixed methods were used to explore learners’ discussion patterns, perceptions, and preferences. Results indicated that learners demonstrated varied patterns, perceptions, and preferences, which implies a complex learning process due to the interplay of multiple factors. Based on the results, this research provided theoretical, pedagogical, and analytical implications for MOOC design, practice, and research.
Predicting Dynamic Capacity Curve of Elevated Water Tanks: A Pushover Procedure

Despite the importance of water tanks for water supplies and supporting the community resilience through the firefighting usages in catastrophic conditions, post-earthquake situations especially, a few studies have been done on seismic behavior of water tanks so far. The scope of this paper is to propose a new pushover procedure to evaluate seismic responses of elevated water tanks (EWT) supported on the concrete shaft in the form of dynamic capacity curves (i.e. base shear versus top displacement). In this regard, a series of shaft supported EWTs are simulated considering soil-structure and fluid-structure interactions. The shaft is modelled with frame elements and plastic hinges are assigned along the shaft to consider the material nonlinearity. The effect of soil-structure interaction and fluid-structure interaction are considered through the well-known Cone model and modified Housner model, respectively. At first, parametric studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of various essential parameters such as soil type, water level and tank capacity on seismic responses of EWTs using incremental dynamic analysis (i.e. nonlinear-time-history-analyses with varying intensities). Thereafter, pushover analyses as nonlinear static analyses are performed by variation of lateral load patterns. Finally, utilizing these results and comparing them with mean IDA curve, as an exact solution; a pushover procedure based on the most reliable lateral load patterns is proposed to predict the mean IDA curve of the EWTs supported on the concrete shaft. The obtained results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed pushover procedure with errors limited to 30 % only in the changing stage from linear to nonlinear sections of the IDA curve.
Attention, please: A Spatio-temporal Transformer for 3D Human Motion Prediction

In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for the task of 3D human motion modelling. We argue that the problem can be interpreted as a generative modelling task: A network learns the conditional synthesis of human poses where the model is conditioned on a seed sequence. Our focus lies on the generation of plausible future developments over longer time horizons, whereas previous work considered shorter time frames of up to 1 second. To mitigate the issue of convergence to a static pose, we propose a novel architecture that leverages the recently proposed self-attention concept. The task of 3D motion prediction is inherently spatio-temporal and thus the proposed model learns high dimensional joint embeddings followed by a decoupled temporal and spatial self-attention mechanism. The two attention blocks operate in parallel to aggregate the most informative components of the sequence to update the joint representation. This allows the model to access past information directly and to capture spatio-temporal dependencies explicitly. We show empirically that this reduces error accumulation over time and allows for the generation of perceptually plausible motion sequences over long time horizons as well as accurate short-term predictions. Accompanying video available at https://youtu.be/yF0cdt2yCNE .
Stochastic Properties of Inactivity Lifetimes at Random Times: Some Unified Results

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT In this article, we consider the inactivity times and of two random variables X and Y at random times Θ1 and Θ2, respectively, and make stochastic comparisons of and with respect to likelihood ratio, hazard rate and mean residual life orders. Here, X and Θ1 (and Y and Θ2) may be dependent random variables. We also study various ageing properties of random variable . The results derived here unify and extend several existing results. An application of the results derived in this paper is also illustrated.