Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance (MNBI) and Post-Reflux Swallow-Induced Peristaltic Wave Index (PSPW) in GERD Patients

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in the world. Two parameters, mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) and post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index (PSPW), have been recently proposed to help differentiate GERD phenotypes. Our study aimed to assess whether there is any correlation between the two parameters, while also taking a look at their ability to distinguish between GERD phenotypes. We recruited 81 patients who were divided into 4 groups based on their GERD phenotype: erosive reflux disease (ERD), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), reflux hypersensitivity (RH), and functional heartburn (FH). Both MNBI (AUROC 0.855) and PSPW (AUROC 0.835) had very good performances in separating ERD patients from non-ERD patients. PSPW (AUROC 0.784) was superior to MNBI (AUROC 0.703) in distinguishing NERD patients from patients with RH or FH. The PSPW index (AUROC 0.762) was more effective than MNBI (AUROC 0.668) in separating RH from FH. We found that PSPW and MNBI have a strong statistical correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.722, p < 0.001). Furthermore, PSPW predicted pathological MNBI (<2292 Ω) with good performance (AUROC 0.807). MNBI and PSPW are useful in distinguishing GERD phenotypes, with a strong correlation between the two parameters.
Better Safe Than Sorry: Preventing Delusive Adversaries with Adversarial Training

Delusive attacks aim to substantially deteriorate the test accuracy of the learning model by slightly perturbing the features of correctly labeled training examples. By formalizing this malicious attack as finding the worst-case training data within a specific $\infty$-Wasserstein ball, we show that minimizing adversarial risk on the perturbed data is equivalent to optimizing an upper bound of natural risk on the original data. This implies that adversarial training can serve as a principled defense against delusive attacks. Thus, the test accuracy decreased by delusive attacks can be largely recovered by adversarial training. To further understand the internal mechanism of the defense, we disclose that adversarial training can resist the delusive perturbations by preventing the learner from overly relying on non-robust features in a natural setting. Finally, we complement our theoretical findings with a set of experiments on popular benchmark datasets, which show that the defense withstands six different practical attacks. Both theoretical and empirical results vote for adversarial training when confronted with delusive adversaries.
Polytypisme, ordre d'empilement et interstratification dans la cookéite et les phyllosilicates non micacés du métamorphisme. Influence de la pression

De tous les parametres du metamorphisme, la pression est celui dont l'influence sur les microstructures cristallines est la plus mal connue. Pour mettre en evidence ce role de la pression de formation, une etude de la sequence d'empilement des phyllosilicates a ete entreprise en microscopie electronique (HRTEM). Les phyllosilicates presentent la particularite d'avoir des structures bidimensionnelles dont l'adaptation a des variations de leur environnement se fait preferentiellement selon l'axe C d'empilement des feuillets. Pour souligner une influence de la pression, les echantillons ont ete choisis les plus proches possibles de poles purs et ils proviennent de domaines tres varies de pression, entre 1 et 30 kbar, mais de . temperatures similaires autour de 300-400°C, exceptionnellement 750°C. L'essentiel : de ce travail de these a concerne tout d'abord la cookeite, qui est une chlorite di- . trioctaedrique lithinifere, avant d'etre etendu aux autres phyllosilicates non micaces du metamorphisme, sudoite, c1inochlore, pyrophyllite et talc. L'augmentation de pression entraine une mise en ordre remarquable des sequences qui se depouillent * progressivement de leurs fautes d'empilement. Cette mise en ordre s'accompagne d'une augmentation considerable des periodes d'empilement et un grand nombre de polytypes complexes ont pu etre decrits. Le cas du talc est spectaculaire. Des empilements multiperiodiques ont ete obseNes a 38, 45, 50 couches, comportant des sous-periodes complexes a 7, 10, 12 couches. La pression conditionne la formation de l'interstratifie 1 cookeite/1 paragonite (sali otite) et permet l'apparition exceptionnelle d'un interstratifie a tres longue-periode 1 :30. Outre la mise en evidence de l'influence de la pression sur le polytypisme et l'interstratification, cette these decrit, pour la premiere fois en grand nombre, des polytypes a longue-periode dans les chlorites et le talc. Le metamorphisme apparait comme une succession d'etapes de dissolution-recristallisation. Les periodes des polytypes complexes et des interstratifies, ainsi que la frequence et la repartition des macles dans les structures phyllosilicatees sont probablement liees a l'etat des contraintes elastiques agissant localement dans le cristal
Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a mature B-cell neoplasia that has been well characterized in the last years. The recognition of the t(11;14)(q13; q32) and cyclin D1 overexpression as the genetic and molecular hallmarks of the tumor have been key elements to identify the broad spectrum of clinical, pathological and biological manifestations of the disease (Jares et al 2012). The term mantle cell lymphoma reflects the idea that the normal cell counterpart of this tumor is a lymphocyte whose physiological microenvironment is the mantle zone of the secondary lymphoid follicle. This view is supported by the tendency of the tumor cells to grow and expand this area and to express a phenotype also found in a subset of mantle cells. MCL is considered clinically one of the most aggressive lymphomas with short responses to current therapies, frequent relapses and a relatively short median survival. This behavior has lead to recommend intense therapeutic regimens and explore new strategies with more recent developed drugs targeting specific pathogenetic mechanisms. In spite of the well characterization of MCL, recent molecular studies and clinical observations are opening new perspectives on the ontogeny and pathogenesis of this lymphoma that challenge some of our previous ideas about the disease (Jares et al 2012).
Linkage of sediment supply and transport processes in Miyagawa Dam catchment, Japan

[1] Linkages between sediment supply by episodic geomorphic processes (obtained from aerial photographs and field surveys) and sediment transport (estimated from changes in sediment deposition behind a large dam) were investigated in the Miyagawa Dam catchment, central Japan. A total of 6667 landslides were confirmed in the period from 1965 to 2000 on the basis of seven temporal pairs of aerial photographs. Both the occurrence of landslides and discharge into the dam lake affect sediment yield, indicating that fluvial systems in Miyagawa Dam catchment are supply limited with respect to sediment. Sediment yields are affected by not only the initial failed volume of landslides but also the mobility of landslides and debris flows. In Miyagawa Dam catchment, percentages of landslides reaching channels varied from 56% in 1997–2000 to 75% in 1976–1981 and were correlated with maximum hourly rainfall. In addition, the mobility of debris flows was higher during periods with high maximum instantaneous discharge compared to lower discharge, suggesting that the water content both in initially failed materials and transported sediment controlled their mobility. Topography also affected the mobility of landslides/debris flows. For catchments >0.1 km2, the percentage of channel network length impacted by debris flows decreased with increasing catchment area due to reduced channel gradient. Thus both the magnitude of rainfall-runoff events and the catchment topography affect how landslide sediment contributes to sediment yield at the large catchment scale.
Comparison of gypsum and potassium silicate for reclamation of saline sodic soil.

Relative efficiency of gypsum, potassium silicate and their combinations at different levels for reclamation of saline sodic soil was tested. Treatments were replicated thrice. All pots were arranged according to completely randomized design and treatments were applied to the soil according to treatment plan. Appropriate time was given to achieve the reclamation of saline sodic soil and relative efficiency was assessed through laboratory analysis. After this, rice seedling (Shaheen Basmati) was transplanted in all the pots i.e., 3 plants per pot. Necessary N, P and K fertilizers were applied at the recommended rate. After crop harvest, soil samples were taken for analysis of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soil. All the amendments when used alone or in combination with each other improved the chemical parameters of soil. All levels of gypsum (100%, 75% and 50% G.R) proved effective in lowering pH, EC, SAR and ESP of saline sodic soil. Similar trend was observed with the use of all levels of potassium -1 silicate (225, 150 and 75mg kg soil) of soil. Combinations of gypsum and potassium silicate also remained better in this regard. The most effective treatment was application of the full required rate of gypsum.
Evidence for student-centered teaching: A process evaluation of MTB-MLE classroom instruction

Over a decade into the implementation of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) in the Philippines, program implementers continue to encounter challenges, especially in terms of student-centered instruction (SCI). To ensure a student-centered program, the Department of Education crafted guiding principles to which MTB-MLE teaching and learning should be anchored. However, numerous implementation challenges could potentially affect the application of SCI in the classroom. Utilizing process evaluation adopted from Stufflebeam's (2000) CIPP model, this study investigated the extent to which MTB-MLE teachers carry out SCI in a public elementary school. This paper also examined teachers' challenges and coping strategies in relation to classroom instruction. Results revealed that SCI was strongly implemented in the MTB-MLE classes. Further, the following SCI-related challenges emerged: (1) learners' unruly behavior during activities; (2) difficulty in the use of mother tongue; and (3) lack of cooperation among students. To address these concerns, the teachers employed coping strategies, such as setting clear classroom rules, using translation and code-switching, and providing varied activities to match learners' interests. The findings of this paper may aid policymakers, curriculum designers, and school administrators in developing appropriate programs and activities aimed at enhancing teachers’ competence to implement a student-centered MTB-MLE education.
Identifying Calcium-Binding Sites and Predicting Disulfide Connectivity

Most questions in proteomics require complex answers. Yet graph theory, supervised learning, and statistical model have decomposed complex questions into simple questions with simple answers. The expertise in the field of protein study often address tasks that demand answers as complex as the questions. Such complex answers may consist of multiple factors that must be weighed against each other to arrive at a globally satisfactory and consistent solution to the question. In the prediction of calcium binding in proteins, we construct a global oxygen contact graph of a protein, then apply a graph algorithm to find oxygen clusters with the fixed size of four, finally employ a geometry algorithm to judge if the oxygen clusters are calcium-binding sites or not. Additionally, we can predict the locations of those sites. Furthermore, we construct a global oxygen contact graph including oxygen-bonded carbon atoms of a protein, then apply a graph algorithm to find local biggest oxygen clusters, finally design another geometric filter to exclude the non-calcium binding oxygen clusters. In addition, we apply observed chemical properties as a chemical filter to recognize some non-calcium binding oxygen clusters. In order to explore the characteristics of calcium-binding sites in proteins, we conduct a statistic survey on four datasets derived from 1994 to 2005 about the geometric parameters and chemical properties of calcium-binding sites. In the prediction of disulfide bond connectivity, we analyze protein sequences to predict the folding of proteins relative to the cystines using nearest neighboring methods. we extend a new pattern-wise method to all available template proteins, and find global pattern of pairing cysteines with a new descriptor of cysteine separation profile on protein secondary structure.
Recursos y Dietas Humanas en Laguna Llancanelo (Mendoza, Nordpatagonia): Una Discusión Isotópica del Registro Arqueológico

Este trabajo intenta caracterizar la dieta humana mediante los isotopos estables (δ 13 C y δ 15 N en colageno y δ 13 C y δ 18 O en hidroxiapatita). Los resultados se discuten en primer lugar con la ecologia isotopica generada para esta zona. Luego estas tendencias son comparadas con las generadas por el modelo de mezcla isotopica aplicando el software SISUS y, finalmente, comparando esto con el registro zooarqueologico de Llancanelo. En esta escala los resultados muestran una significativa variabilidad tanto en isotopos humanos como en el registro zooarqueologico que podrian segregarse en las tendencias del sector Norte y sector Oeste de la laguna. Aun asi, hay similares tendencias en el humedal: isotopos y fauna senalarian una baja importancia de guanaco y reidos, y una mediana importancia de recursos acuaticos y animales terrestres pequenos. A pesar de no haber aun registro que lo confirme, los isotopos simulados por SISUS proponen una fuerte explotacion de algarrobos (Prosopis ssp.) y en algunos casos tambien molle (Schinus polygamus). La informacion isotopica del conjunto humano arqueologico procedente de Llancanelo no muestra diferencias significativas con el resto de las muestras humanas del sur de Mendoza, pero, analizadas por sectores de la laguna, las del Oeste tienen mayor similitud con las dietas isotopicas de Payunia/Planicies Orientales y las del Norte con las de Piedemonte. Sobre esta base se propone a Llancanelo como un espacio de convergencia poblacional que fue explotado complementariamente con otras areas del sur de Mendoza. Abstract This study uses stable isotope data to improve our understanding of human exploitation of Llancanelo lagoon, a saline lake and wetland located between the Monte and Patagonian deserts of Mendoza, Argentina. We collect stable C, N, and O isotope data from human remains from the eastern and northern margins of Llancanelo and compare them with C and N data from an array of local plants and animals, zooarchaeological data from local archaeological sites, and C, N, and O data from human remains elsewhere in southern Mendoza. The isotopes and archaeofaunas from Llancanelo show a low reliance on guanaco and rheids and a moderate reliance on aquatic resources and small, terrestrial game. Although there are no corresponding archaeological remains, the isotope data also suggest a heavy use of mesquite (Prosopis ssp.) and Hardee peppertree (Schinus polygamus). Carbon and nitrogen isotope data from the human remains reveal no significant differences between samples from the Llancanelo area and human remains from the rest of Mendoza. When analized by subarea, however, humans from the west of the lake are more similar to individuals from La Payunia and the eastern plains and humans from the south of Llancanelo more similar to individuals from the Andean piedmont. Based on this information we suggest that Llancanelo acted as a point of population convergence and was exploited in a fashion complementary to other areas in the south of Mendoza.
The influence of denitrifying seawater on graptolite extinction and diversification during the Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) mass extinction event

A continuous trench exposure within the uppermost type Vinini Formation at Vinini Creek, Roberts Mountains, Nevada, provides an unparalleled opportunity to examine the fate of graptolites, prominent Paleozoic zooplankton, during most of the Hirnantian mass extinction event. On the basis of a detailed biostratigraphic and sedimentological dataset, the relatively complete extinction record is examined in the context of ecological constraints, and it is found to reflect an ecological collapse driven by glacio-eustatic sea-level fall and associated changes in oceanic circulation. Diverse graptolite populations of the Dicranograptidae-Diplograptidae-Orthograptidae (DDO) fauna, which flourished in denitrifying waters within the oceanic oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) during sea-level highstand, largely vanished with the loss of these conditions during glacio-eustatic sea-level fall. However, populations of one clade, the normalograptids, which inhabited the oxygenated waters of the photic zone, not only survived but diversified. These survivors gave rise to rapid recolonization and diversification with re-establishment of the oxygen-minimum and denitrifying conditions during post-Hirnantian sea-level rise. This ecological model also applies globally to other well-documented coeval stratigraphic intervals, representing both oceanic and platform sea settings.
Performances of Rainfall-Runoff Models Calibrated over Single and Continuous Storm Flow Events

Accurate parameter estimation is important for reliable rainfall-runoff modeling. Previous studies emphasize that a sufficient length of continuous events is required for model calibration to overcome the effect of initial conditions. This paper investigates the feasibility of calibrating rainfall-runoff models over a number of limited storm flow events. For a subcatchment having a moderate influence from initial soil moisture conditions, this study shows that rainfall-runoff models could still be calibrated reliably over a set of representative events provided that the events cover a wide range of peak flow, total runoff volume, and initial soil moisture conditions. This approach could provide an alternative calibration strategy for a small watershed that has a limited data length but consists of runoff events with a wide range of magnitudes. Compared to continuous-event calibration, event-based calibration appears to perform better in simulating the overall shape of hydrograph, peak flow and time to peak. However, continuous-event calibration was found to be more reliable in providing runoff volume, suggesting that continuous-event calibration should still be used when runoff volume is the main concern of a study.
Evaluating the relationship between the nutrient intake of lactating women and their breast milk nutritional profile: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

Maternal diet influences breast milk nutritional profile; however, it is unclear which nutrients and contaminants are particularly responsive to short- and long-term changes in maternal intake, and the impact of specific exclusion diets, such as vegan or vegetarian. This study systematically reviewed the literature on the effects of maternal nutrient intake, including exclusion diets, on both the nutrient and contaminant content of breast milk. The electronic databases, PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science and CINALH were systematically searched until 4 June 2023, with additionally searches of reference lists (PROSPERO, CRD42020221577). The quality of the studies was examined using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Eighty-eight studies (n 6577) met the search criteria. Due to high heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not possible. There was strong evidence of response to maternal intakes for DHA and EPA, vitamins A, E and K, iodine and Se in breast milk composition, some evidence of response for α-linolenic acid, B vitamins, vitamin C and D, ovalbumin, tyrosine and contaminants, and insufficient evidence to identify the effects arachidonic acid, Cu, Fe, Zn and choline. The paucity of evidence and high heterogeneity among studies reflects the need for more high-quality trials. However, this review identified the importance of maternal intake in the nutritional content of breast milk for a wide range of nutrients and supports the recommendation for supplementation of DHA and vitamin B12 for those on restrictive diets.
Microbial community analysis of drinking water sources from rural areas of Zimbabwe

Traditional methods employing selective, differential and non-selective media were used to isolate and identify different species of bacteria from rural drinking water reservoirs of Mount Darwin district of Zimbabwe. The colony counts from non-selective nutrient agar plates gave an indication of the overall level of bacterial activity from each water sample. Open deep wells, shallow wells and rivers were found to be the most heavily contaminated water sources. Borehole water sources had very low total microbial loads and absent in some of the water samples. The prevalent bacteria found were the Gram negative Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Enterobacter aerogenes and one cocci species that was not further characterized. The presence of faecal pathogenic species in the river water and open wells poses epidemiological cases of diarrhoeal diseases in the district studied. Key words: Drinking water, microbial analysis, faecal bacteria, bacteriophages, phenotypic.