Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Radiative Equilibrium and Heat Balance of the Atmosphere

Abstract In order to incorporate the effect of radiation into the numerical experiment of the general circulation of the atmosphere, a simplified scheme for computing the radiative temperature change is constructed. The effects included are long wave radiation by water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone and the absorption of solar radiation by these three gases. The absorptivities of these gases are determined based upon the recent results of laboratory experiments and those of theoretical computations. The effects of clouds are not included. By use of this scheme the radiative equilibrium temperature is computed for various latitudes and seasons as asymptotic solutions of an initial value problem. To a certain degree the radiative equilibrium solutions reveal some of the typical characteristics of stratospheric temperature and tropopause height variations. Radiative heat budgets of the atmosphere are also computed and compared with the results of the computations of radiative equilibrium. This comparison i.
Interval Oscillation of Nonlinear Differential Equation with Damped Term

In this paper,we study oscillation of second-order nonlinear differential equation with damped term and continu-ous distributed arguments.By using averaging functions and Riccati technique, some new sufficient conditions are establish-ed, which are different from most known ones in the sense that they are based on the information only on a sequence of subintervals of  0 , t  ,
Environmental control of wind response to sea surface temperature patterns in reanalysis dataset

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is characterized by abundant warm and cold structures that influence the overlying atmospheric boundary layer dynamics through two different mechanisms. First, turbulence and large eddies in the lower troposphere are affected by atmospheric stability, that can be modified by local SST, resulting in enhanced vertical mixing and larger surface winds over warmer waters. Second, the thermodynamic adjustment of air density to the underlying SST structures and the subsequent changes in atmospheric pressure drive secondary circulations. This paper aims to disentangle the effects of these processes and explore the environmental conditions that favor them. Two main environmental variables are considered: the large-scale air-sea temperature difference (proxy for stability) and wind speed. Using 5 years of daily reanalyses data, we investigate the 10m wind response to SST structures. Based on linear regression between wind divergence and SST derivatives, we show that both mechanisms operate over a large spectrum of conditions. 10m wind divergence is strongly impacted by the local SST via its effect on vertical mixing for mid-wind regimes in slightly unstable to near-neutral conditions, whereas the secondary circulation is important in two distinct regimes: low wind speed with slightly unstable air-column, and high background wind speed with very unstable air-column. The first regime is explained by the prolonged Lagrangian time that the air parcel stays over an SST structure while the second one is related to strong heat fluxes at the air-sea interface which greatly modify the MABL properties. Location and frequency of the environmentally-favorable conditions are discussed, as well as the response in low-cloud cover and rainfall.
Experimental study on the characteristics of ethanol evaporation and its diffusion flame under the effect of DC field

Smaller scale and higher energy density power sources have received increasing interest in last few years. A photographic method was adopted to study the characteristics of ethanol evaporation and its diffusion flame under the effect of a DC field in present study. A transparent quartz glass tube with an inner diameter of 1.8 mm and an outer diameter of 3 mm was used as a burner. A laminar diffusion flame was established on top of the vertical burner, and a DC field was imposed on the flame along the jet direction. Test conditions involved fuel mass flow rates of 1.0 to 2.2 ml/h, and electric field voltages of 0 to 10 kV. The extremely small ethanol flow rates were accurately controlled by a syringe pump. The flame shapes and the dynamic ethanol vapor–liquid interface were visually observed using a high speed CCD camera. It was found from the experiments that the extent of ethanol evaporation and the diffusion flame shape both change with the mass flow rates of ethanol. The direction and intensity of the DC field have a great impact on the extent of evaporation, flame structure, and soot emission. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20283
Complexity of finding embeddings in a k -tree

A k-tree is a graph that can be reduced to the k-complete graph by a sequence of removals of a degree k vertex with completely connected neighbors. We address the problem of determining whether a graph is a partial graph of a k-tree. This problem is motivated by the existence of polynomial time algorithms for many combinatorial problems on graphs when the graph is constrained to be a partial k-tree for fixed k. These algorithms have practical applications in areas such as reliability, concurrent broadcasting and evaluation of queries in a relational database system. We determine the complexity status of two problems related to finding the smallest number k such that a given graph is a partial k-tree. First, the corresponding decision problem is NP-complete. Second, for a fixed (predetermined) value of k, we present an algorithm with polynomially bounded (but exponential in k) worst case time complexity. Previously, this problem had only been solved for $k = 1,2,3$.
Kinematics of homogeneous axisymmetric tubulence

It is shown that the expressions for the correlation tensors of homogeneous axisymmetric turbulence can be considerably simplifed compared to previous analyses of Batchelor (1946) and Chandrasekhar (1950). Representations of the axisymmetric two-point correlations tensors are found, such that each measurable correlation corresponds to a single scalar function, and moreover such that the equations of continuity relating different tensor components to each other take the most simple form. Reflectional symmetry in planes normal to but not in planes through the axis of symmetry is demanded, which allows a full description of states with rotation about the axis of symmetry. The second and third-order velocity correlation tensors and the first-order pressure velocity correlation tensor are analysed with the new method. Small separation expansions of the correlation functions yield the quantities which have to be measured to determine various terms in the governing equations for the Reynolds stresses and the dissipation tensor. A scalar Poisson equation for the pressure-strain is derived. and the single-pint solution is written as a sum of integrals over measurable correlation functions. The simplified analysis can be of great experimental importance. It reveals in a simple way how a full experimental picture of homogeneous axisymmetric turbulence can be obtained by measuring components of the velocity at two points at variable distance from each other on a line perpendicular to the mean flow in a wind tunnel. By using the Fouricr Besscl transform it is also shown that the three-demensional energy, transfer, and pressure stain spectra can be extracted from such measurements.
On nth roots and infinitely divisible elements in a connected Lie group

For any group G, x ∈ G and n ∈ ℕ (the natural numbers), let i.e. the set of all nth roots of x in G. If G is a Hausdorff topological group, then Rn(x, G) is a closed set in G, but may otherwise be quite complicated. However, as we have observed in (4), if G is a compact Lie group, then Rn(x, G) always has a finite number of connected components, and this result has led us to wonder about the connectedness properties of Rn(x, G) for other Lie groups G. Here is the result.
Risk investigation of in-stent restenosis after initial implantation of intracoronary drug-eluting stent in patients with coronary heart disease

Objective To analyze the risk factors of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after the first implantation of drug-eluting stent (DES) patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to establish a nomogram model to predict the risk of ISR. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with CHD who underwent DES treatment for the first time at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2016 to June 2020. Patients were divided into an ISR group and a non-ISR (N-ISR) group according to the results of coronary angiography. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was performed on the clinical variables to screen out the characteristic variables. Then we constructed the nomogram prediction model using conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis combined with the clinical variables selected in the LASSO regression analysis. Finally, the decision curve analysis, clinical impact curve, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and calibration curve were used to evaluate the nomogram prediction model's clinical applicability, validity, discrimination, and consistency. And we double-validate the prediction model using ten-fold cross-validation and bootstrap validation. Results In this study, hypertension, HbA1c, mean stent diameter, total stent length, thyroxine, and fibrinogen were all predictive factors for ISR. We successfully constructed a nomogram prediction model using these variables to quantify the risk of ISR. The AUC value of the nomogram prediction model was 0.806 (95%CI: 0.739–0.873), indicating that the model had a good discriminative ability for ISR. The high quality of the calibration curve of the model demonstrated the strong consistency of the model. Moreover, the DCA and CIC curve showed the model's high clinical applicability and effectiveness. Conclusions Hypertension, HbA1c, mean stent diameter, total stent length, thyroxine, and fibrinogen are important predictors for ISR. The nomogram prediction model can better identify the high-risk population of ISR and provide practical decision-making information for the follow-up intervention in the high-risk population.
Bamboo shoot dietary fiber alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and modulates liver fatty acid metabolism in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity

Introduction Obesity is a common nutritional disorder characterized by an excessive fat accumulation. In view of the critical role of gut microbiota in the development of obesity and metabolic diseases, novel dietary therapies have been developed to manage obesity by targeting the gut microbiome. In this study, we investigated anti-obesity effects of bamboo shoot dietary fiber (BSDF) and the potential mechanisms. Methods After 12 weeks of intervention with BSDF in high-fat mice, we detected obesity-related phenotypic indicators, and made transcriptomic analysis of liver tissue. Then we analyzed the changes of gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, explored the effect of BSDF on gut microbiota metabolites, and finally verified the importance of gut microbiota through antibiotic animal model. Results and discussion We found that BSDF was effective in reducing lipid accumulation in liver and adipose tissue and alleviating dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Liver transcriptome analysis results showed that BSDF could improve lipid metabolism and liver injury by modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and fatty acid metabolic pathways. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of gut microbiota composition showed that BSDF significantly enriched beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Dubosiella, and Alloprevotella. Analysis of fecal metabolomics and gut microbiota metabolites revealed that BSDF increased the levels of several short-chain fatty acids and enriched bile acids, which may be important for improving lipid metabolism. Notably, the obesity-related metabolic disorders were abrogated after the abrogation of gut microbiota, suggesting that gut microbiota is a key factor in the beneficial effects of BSDF. Conclusion Our study suggests that BSDF as a prebiotic supplement has the potential to improve obesity by improving gut microbiota and modulating host PPAR and fatty acid metabolic pathways.
Clinical and molecular features of four Brazilian families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Objective Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by its clinical variability and complexity in diagnosis and treatment. We performed both clinical and molecular descriptions of four families with MEN1 in a follow-up at a tertiary center in Brasília. Methods From a preliminary review of approximately 500 medical records of patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) from the database of the Neuroendocrinology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of Brasília, a total of 135 patients met the criteria of at least two affected family members. From this cohort, we have identified 34 families: only four with a phenotype of MEN1 and the other 30 families with the phenotype of familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA). Eleven patients with a clinical diagnosis of MEN1 from these four families were selected. Results Variants in MEN1 gene were identified in all families. One individual from each family underwent genetic testing using targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS). All patients had primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and the second most common manifestation was PitNET. One individual had well-differentiated liposarcoma, which has been previously reported in a single case of MEN1. Three variants previously described in the database and a novel variant in exon 2 have been found. Conclusions The study allowed the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of families with MEN1 in a follow-up at a tertiary center in Brasília.
Investigation of bacterial and fungal population structure on environmental surfaces of three medical institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives To evaluate the population structure of environmental bacteria and fungi in three different types of medical institutions and the potential risks due to antibiotic resistance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods One hundred twenty-six environmental surface samples were collected from three medical institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 6,093 and 13,514 representative sequences of 16S and ITS ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were obtained by amplicon sequencing analysis. The functional prediction was performed using the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States tool based on the Greengenes database and the FAPROTAX database. Results On environmental surfaces in three medical institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic, Firmicutes (51.6%) and Bacteroidetes (25%) were the dominant bacteria, while Ascomycota (39.4%) and Basidiomycota (14.2%) were the dominant fungi. A number of potential bacterial and fungal pathogens were successfully identified by the metagenomic approach. Furthermore, compared with the bacterial results, the fungi showed a generally closer Bray Curtis distance between samples. The overall ratio of Gram-negative bacteria to Gram-positive bacteria was about 3:7. The proportion of stress-tolerant bacteria in medical institutions A, B and C reached 88.9, 93.0 and 93.8%, respectively. Anaerobic bacteria accounted for 39.6% in outdoor environments, 77.7% in public areas, 87.9% in inpatient areas and 79.6% in restricted areas. Finally, the β-Lactam resistance pathway and polymyxin resistance pathway were revealed through functional prediction. Conclusion We described the microbial population structure changes in three different types of medical institutions using the metagenomic approach during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that the disinfection measures performed by three healthcare facilities may be effective on the “ESKAPE” pathogens, but less effective on fungal pathogens. Moreover, emphasis should be given to the prevention and control of β-lactam and polymyxin antibiotics resistance bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparison of Dietary Quality and Surgical Satisfaction Between Patients With Suboptimal and Optimal Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy Using Food Tolerance Score and Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System Questionnaires

Purpose This study aimed to assess the association of dietary quality and surgical satisfaction with the amount of total weight loss (TWL) 1 year after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) using the food tolerance score (FTS) and Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) questionnaires. Materials and Methods This single-center retrospective study included patients who underwent LSG due to morbid obesity. Only those who have 1-year follow-up data were included and divided into 2 groups: suboptimal TWL (STWL) ≤20% and optimal TWL (OTWL) >20%. Clinical data and questionnaires recorded 1 year after surgery were collected. FTS was used to evaluate the degree of food tolerance, and BAROS assessed surgical outcomes, including weight loss, comorbidity changes, and quality of life (QoL). The total FTS and BAROS scores of the 2 groups were compared. Results Of 580 patients, 159 were included. Patients in STWL (n=17) were significantly older than those in OTWL (n=142) (42.24±9.28 vs. 35.92±8.71 years old, P=0.006). The total FTS (1–30 points) for STWL and OTWL were 24.88±3.43 and 25.04±3.14, respectively (P=0.845). Although the total BAROS scores (maximum: 9 points) were significantly lower in STWL than in OTWL (5.96±1.48 vs. 7.20±1.40, P<0.001). The only variable that made this difference was weight loss. There were no significant differences in other variables, such as medical conditions, QoL, and complications. Conclusion In terms of FTS and BAROS score, there is no difference in postoperative satisfaction and QoL between STWL and OTWL after LSG, except for the degree of weight loss.
A friction factor bound for transitional pipe flow

An upper bound λmax on the friction factor λ is found for transitional pipe flow up to Reynolds numbers of Re=4000. This bound corresponds to the laminar Hagen–Poiseuille value until the energy stability point of Re=81.52 (where λmax=0.7851) after which it decreases monotonically to approach a viscosity-independent asymptote of 0.27±0.01 as Re→∞. Comparison is made with the friction factors associated with recently discovered, finite-amplitude traveling waves in rotating and nonrotating pipe flow as well as experimental data.
Music therapy spanning from NICU to home: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of Israeli parents’ experiences in the LongSTEP Trial

ABSTRACT Introduction Music therapy (MT) is a part of standard care in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in many countries, and in some countries is provided as a post-discharge service as well. However, it is rare that preterm families are offered continuous MT services from birth through their first months at home. Affiliated with a recent longitudinal, controlled trial of MT for parent-infant bonding and an associated qualitative study exploring lived experiences of MT post-discharge in an Israeli cohort of parent participants, this study aimed to understand parents’ experiences of engaging in longer-term MT with their preterm infants, spanning from birth into six months in a different Israeli cohort from the main trial. Method We completed an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of parents’ experiences of music therapy with their preterm infants. Semi-structured interviews intertwining listening to audio recordings from MT sessions were conducted with seven participants from five families of the main trial. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed following principles of IPA. Results The analysis resulted in the construction of two super-ordinate themes: (a) MT as a therapeutic haven, and (b) MT enabling integration of music into relationship over time. Discussion Experiences of a small cohort of Israeli parents suggest that MT spanning from birth to home may play a role in supporting parental musical agency and enhancing parent-infant relationship building.
Potential of hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon-germanium for low thermal budget near infrared sensors

Microcrystalline Silicon-Germanium (μc-SiGe:H) is a low bandgap material whose optical and electrical properties strongly depend on deposition conditions. In this work, an above integrated circuit (above-IC) [1]–[3] compatible, near infrared (NIR) sensor based on microcrystalline Silicon-Germanium is produced and characterized. The N-I-P photodiode is obtained by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) from a SiH4 + GeH4 + H2 gas mixture. Quantum efficiency measurements reveals a 60 at. % Ge fraction is optimal for a 200 nm thick μc-SiGe:H intrinsic absorber layer. Above this threshold, the degradation in electrical properties prevails on the gain in absorption.
Efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients with intracranial hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The benefits and risks of starting anticoagulation therapy, such as direct oral anticoagulations (DOACs) or warfarin, in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with a history of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) remain controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of starting oral anticoagulation (OAC) and non-oral anticoagulation in these patients. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched from inception to 01 May 2022 for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies, reporting effectiveness and safety outcomes for anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation patients with intracranial hemorrhage. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Cochrane Collaboration tool were used to evaluate bias risks for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. An effects model was applied to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Results: We analyzed data from two randomized controlled trials (304 patients) and seven Cohort studies (17,477 patients). Compared to non-oral anticoagulation, starting oral anticoagulation therapy reduced the risk of Ischemic Stroke/Systemic Embolism (SE) (aHR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.55–0.57) and all-cause death (aHR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35–0.80) in atrial fibrillation patients and a prior history intracranial hemorrhage. Starting oral anticoagulation therapy did not increase the risk of recurrent intracranial hemorrhage (aHR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.66–1.74), but increased the risk of major bleeding (aHR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.00–1.91) than no oral anticoagulation therapy. The DOACs had a lower risk of Ischemic Stroke/SE (aHR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.70–1.00), recurrent intracranial hemorrhage (aHR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49–0.82), and all-cause death (aHR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48–0.88) compared to warfarin. According to subgroup analyses, starting oral anticoagulation therapy have a higher risk of recurrent intracranial hemorrhage than non-oral anticoagulation therapy (aHR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.36–1.81) for Asians. Conclusion: After intracranial hemorrhage in atrial fibrillation patients, restarting or initiating oral anticoagulation therapy decreased the risk of Ischemic Stroke/SE and all-cause death but did not increase the risk for recurrent intracranial hemorrhage. Direct oral anticoagulations have better efficacy and safety than warfarin if oral anticoagulation therapy is started. However, starting oral anticoagulation increases the risk for recurrent intracranial hemorrhage in the Asian region.