Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Birmingham Analysis of Openstreetmap data quality at different stages of a participatory mapping process

This paper examines OpenStreetMap data quality at different stages of a participatory mapping process in seven slums in Africa and Asia. Data were drawn from an OpenStreetMap-based participatory mapping process developed as part of a research project focusing on understanding inequalities in healthcare access of slum residents in the Global South. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were employed to examine the following research question: What is the spatial data quality of collaborative remote mapping achieved by volunteer mappers in morphologically complex urban areas? Findings show that the completeness achieved by remote mapping largely depends on the morphology and characteristics of slums such as building density and rooftop architecture, varying from 84% in the best case, to zero in the most dif cult site. The major scienti c contribution of this study is to provide evidence on the spatial data quality of remotely mapped data through volunteer mapping efforts in morphologically complex urban areas such as slums; the results could provide insights into how much eldwork would be needed in what level of complexity and to what extent the involvement of local volunteers in these efforts is required.
Morphological Study on Blood Cells of Mule

The study was conducted in ten normal apparently healthy mules from Kichha, Bara, Gular Bhoj and Gadarpur areas of Udham Singh Nagar District. The blood films were stained with the May Grunwald Giemsa Stain for general cytomorphology and New methylene blue stain for reticulocytes. The stained blood smears were examined under oil immersion objective (100X) lens to record the results. The erythrocytes of mule were non nucleated, round in shape and 6.25 ± 0.153mm in size. The reticulocytes observed were round in shape having different pattern of distribution of reticulin filaments. The neutrophils were round in shape and 12.25 ± 0.272mm in size with lobulated nucleus. The eosinophils were round in shape and 13.4 ± 0.245mm in size. The basophils were slightly larger than eosinophils (13.8 ± 0.270mm). The nuclei had 2-3 lobes placed eccentrically. The lymphocytes were round in shape with small, medium and large size. The monocytes were round in shape and measured 13.4 ± 0.195mm in size close in size to the donkey monocyte.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH GOUT COMORBID WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Currently there is NMD). This study shows that ED in gout is characterized by significantly higher concentration of IL-1, nitric oxide metabolites and intact FMD compared to hypertension. Hypertension is characterized by significantly higher concentrations of endothelin-1, more prominent increase in von Willebrand factor and significant FMD reduction. Endothelial dysfunction in comorbid pathology demonstrates "summation" of pathogenetic mechanisms of underlying disorders, expressed in significant increase of interleukin-1 and endothelin-1 concentrations, hyperactivation of NO synthesis together with decreased FMD and NMD.
Effects of oral administration of ticagrelor on the plasma level of adrenaline, histamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine in rat CURRENT STATUS: UNDER REVIEW

Background: Ticagrelor as a reversible P2Y12 receptor antagonist which plays an important role in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Dyspnea is one of the main adverse reactions of ticagrelor, however the mechanism is not clearly now. The aim of this study was to assess the possible relationship between ticagrelor-related dyspnea and some neurotransmitter in plasma which can contract the bronchial smooth muscle. Methods: The effects of ticagrelor on the plasma level of adrenaline, histamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine was studied in rats. Ticagrelor was administered at a loading dose of 24 mg/kg for the first time, and then maintenance dose 12 mg/kg, twice a day for 6 days. The plasma level of adrenaline, histamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine was determined by LC-MS/MS. Results: The plasma level of serotonin increased after ticagrelor administrating, especially at 1.5h ( p <0.05) reach the level of statistical significance. The level of serotonin in plasma was consistent with ticagrelor blood concentration. Meanwhile, ticagrelor can cause a decrease in the plasma concentration of histamine, and the change was statistically significant at time points of 1.5h, 3.5h and 10.5h respectively. The concentration of the adrenaline and acetylcholine had no change. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that ticagrelor can increases blood serotonin levels and this may be a cause of dyspnea ticagrelor-related.
Increased IL-10 expression by the inhibition of Ca 3.1 in CD4 + CD25 regulatory T cells in the recovery phase in an inflammatory bowel disease mouse model

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract arising from abnormal responses of the innate and adaptative immune systems. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T (T reg ) cells play a protective role in the recovery phase of IBD. In the present study, the effects of the administration of the selective Ca 2+ -activated K + channel K Ca 3.1 inhibitor TRAM-34 on disease activities were examined in chemically-induced IBD model mice. IBD disease severity, as assessed by diarrhea, visible fecal blood, inflammation, and crypt damage in the colon, was significantly lower in mice administered 1 mg/kg TRAM-34 than in vehicle-administrated mice. Quantitative real-time PCR examinations showed that IL-10 expression levels in the recovery phase were markedly increased by the inhibition of K Ca 3.1 in mesenteric lymph node (mLN) T reg cells of IBD model mice compared with in vehicle-administered mice. Among several positive and negative transcriptional regulators (TRs) for IL-10, three positive TRs, E4BP4, KLF4, and Blimp1 were up-regulated by the inhibition of K Ca 3.1 in the mLN T reg cells of IBD model mice. In mouse peripheral CD4 + CD25 + T reg cells induced by a lectin stimulation, IL-10 expression and secretion were enhanced by the treatment with TRAM-34, together with the up-regulation of E4BP4, KLF4, and Blimp1. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that the pharmacological inhibition of K Ca 3.1 decreased IBD symptoms in IBD model by increasing IL-10 production in peripheral T reg cells, and that IL-10 high T reg cells produced by the treatment with K Ca 3.1 inhibitor may contribute to efficient T reg therapy for chronic inflammatory disorders, including IBD. 5 Significance statement Pharmacological inhibition of Ca 2+ -activated K + channel K Ca 3.1 increased IL-10 expression in peripheral T reg cells, together with the up-regulation of the transcriptional regulators of IL-10: KLF4, E4BP4, and/or Blimp1. The manipulation of IL-10 high -producing T reg cells by the pharmacological inhibition of K Ca 3.1 may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases like IBD. not involved in the underlying mechanism of the K Ca 3.1 inhibition-induced promotion of IL-10 and IL-17A expression/production.
How to reduce false-positive results in mammography?

Screening mammography is the most effective method to reduce breast cancer mortality while archiving potential benefits such as low cost and low radiation dose. However, screening mammography can pose risks, principally due to false-positive results. Although different methods have been successfully used to improve sensitivity of the screening program, some could forgo the established benefits of mammography while a decrease in false-positive rate was not guaranteed. This review is to justify that the three most effective methods clinically implemented to reduce false-positive results in mammography while maintaining its benefits are: replacing screen-film mammography with digital mammography, improving algorithms in computer-aided detection systems, improving radiologist’s interpretive performance. Furthermore, this review attempts to discuss the significance of multi-modal imaging methods, including mammography-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mammography-ultrasound in the screening program, and to clarify whether they have the potentials to reduce false-positive results in mammography.
Melanie A. and Henshaw, Helen and Clark, Daniel and Moore, David R. (2014) Benefits of phoneme discrimination training in a randomized controlled trial of 50- to 74-year-olds with mild hearing loss. Ear and Hearing, 35 (4). e110-e121. ISSN 0196-0202

Objectives: The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the efficacy of phoneme discrimination training for hearing and cognitive abilities of adults aged 50 to 74 years with mild sensorineural hearing loss who were not users of hearing aids, and to (ii) determine participant compliance with a self-administered, computer-delivered, home- and game-based auditory training program. Design: This study was a randomized controlled trial with repeated measures and crossover design. Participants were trained and tested over an 8- to 12-week period. One group (Immediate Training) trained during weeks 1 and 4. A second waitlist group (Delayed Training) did no training during weeks 1 and 4, but then trained during weeks 5 and 8. On-task (phoneme discrimination) and transferable outcome measures (speech perception, cognition, self-report of hearing disability) for both groups were obtained during weeks 0, 4, and 8, and for the Delayed Training group only at week 12. Results: Robust phoneme discrimination learning was found for both groups, with the largest improvements in threshold shown for those with the poorest initial thresholds. Between weeks 1 and 4, the Immediate Training group showed moderate, significant improvements on self-report of hearing disability, divided attention, and working memory, specifically for conditions or situations that were more complex and therefore more challenging. Training did not result in consistent improvements in speech perception in noise. There was no evidence of any test-retest effects between weeks 1 and 4 for the Delayed Training group. Retention of benefit at 4 weeks post-training was shown for phoneme discrimination, divided attention, working memory, and self-report of hearing disability. Improved divided attention and reduced self-reported hearing difficulties were highly correlated. discrimination training benefits people with The development of cognitive skills may be more important than the development of sensory skills for improving communication and speech perception in everyday life. However, improvements were modest. Outcome measures need to be appropriately challenging to be sensitive to the effects of the relatively small amount of training performed.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Ezrin Expression in Oral Premalignant Lesions

Objectives: Across the world, the incidence and prevalence of oral premalignant lesions have increased significantly. These lesions are the precursors to squamous cell carcinoma, one of the most aggressive types of cancer to be diagnosed over the past 30 years. Their phenotypical and molecular variability justifies a sitch from histopathological to molecular diagnosis in order to identify and describe the risk of malignancy. Ezrin, a molecule the ERM protein family (Ezrin-Radixin-Moezin), is one of the latest identified “hot spots” of tumor metastasis mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Oral mucosal fragments were collected from forty- three clinically and histopathological diagnosed with oral premalignant lesions such as leukoplakia, erosive oral lichen planus and erosive actinic cheilitis have been processed through the immunohistochemical technique using Ezrin Polyclonal Antibody (Cell Signaling TechnologyR - BioZyme antibody). The immunohistochemical samples were examined using the Olympus BX40 photonic microscope with Olympus E330 photo camera attached. Results: The results reveal an ezrin overexpression in the oral premalignant lesions analyzed, compared with the normal mucosa, indicative of an increased risk of malignant transformation. Conclusion: Concurrently, our study highlights the importance of further research into the identification of specific markers allowing for targeted and individualized therapeutic strategies.
Geochemical modelling of acid injection in high salinity sandstones at reservoir conditions

Water ﬂ ooding is widely implemented to enhance oil recovery. The displacement ef ﬁ ciency of this method depends on multiple factors, including makeup water properties, native oil, and formation rock. The incompatibility of the injected ﬂ uid with the pore ﬂ uid can result in a chemical non-equilibrium state within porous media that may result in different chemical reactions that depend on the type and number of the existing components within the system. The present research aims to develop a mathematical model capable of handling multiple geochemical reactions to predict pH and ions concentration during an acid injection while considering alterations of rock and ﬂ uid properties. The dependency of ﬂ uid properties (viscosity and density) is considered based on the system ionic concentration, which can be more crucial in high saline media. The validity of the developed model was evaluated using the experimental literature data. The results reveal that in addition to the effect of injected ﬂ uid pH, the process ef ﬁ ciency can be in ﬂ uenced by the composition of the injected ﬂ uid. In other words, ﬂ uid properties dependency on salinity and the injected ﬂ uid composition is signi ﬁ cant during geochemical simulations. Comparing homogenous and heterogenous mineral distribution shows an insigni ﬁ cant sensitivity to the amount heterogeneity while the total mineral contents remain constant in both cases.
SCHSITOSOMA MANSONI CO-INFECTION WITH HEPATITIS C VIRUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED INTERLEUKIN-28B PLASMA LEVELS IN EGYPTIAN POPULATION

Intestinal schistosomiasis and hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections are endemic in Egypt with co-infections leading to increased severity of liver diseases. Previous studies characterized the immune responses to treatment in co-infection. However, little is known about the levels of interleukin 28B (IL-28B) in co-infection and its relation to endogenous gamma interferon (IFN-γ) levels. Therefore, a case-control study was performed comparing levels of IL-28B in relation to endogenous IFN-γ in Schistosoma mansoni / HCV co-infected Egyptian patients compared to HCV mono-infected patients. Patients attending Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo from 2012–2014 were recruited. Subjects recruited were S. mansoni /HCV co-infected (n=22), treatment-naïve chronic HCV-4 (n=50), and healthy controls (n=35). Clinical history and liver function markers were determined for each participant. IL-28B and IFN-γ plasma levels were assayed for all participants by ELISA and HCV load was quantified using Real-Time PCR. Plasma anti-schistosomal antibody titers were assayed along with viable egg identification in feces. Patients with high HCV viral load had significantly higher IFN-γ and IL-28B levels whether suffering from HCV mono- or co-infection. Moreover, IFN-γ levels were positively associated with IL28B plasma levels in HCV mono- and co-infection. The IL-28B levels were significantly higher in S. mansoni /HCV co-infected than HCV mono-infection patients (p < 0.05). Data suggested that co-infection of HCV with S. mansoni affected IL-28B levels and IL-28B plasma levels might prove with sufficient further studies to be an effective prognosis biomarker for S. mansoni / HCV co-infection in the Egyptian population.
Matrix Algebra Useful for Statistics

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Phenotypic regional fMRI activation patterns during memory encoding in MCI and AD

Background— Reliable blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI phenotypic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are likely to emerge only from a systematic, quantitative, and aggregate examination of the functional neuroimaging research literature. Methods— A series of random-effects, activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses were conducted on studies of episodic memory encoding operations in AD and MCI samples relative to normal controls. ALE analyses were based upon a thorough literature search for all task-based functional neuroimaging studies in AD and MCI published up to January 2010. Analyses covered 16 fMRI studies, which yielded 144 distinct foci for ALE meta-analysis. Results— ALE results indicated several regional task-based BOLD consistencies in MCI and AD patients relative to normal controls across the aggregate BOLD functional neuroimaging research literature. Patients with AD and those at significant risk (MCI) showed statistically significant consistent activation differences during episodic memory encoding in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), specifically parahippocampal gyrus, as well superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, and cuneus, relative to normal controls. Conclusions— ALE consistencies broadly support the presence of frontal compensatory activity, MTL activity alteration, and posterior midline “default mode” hyperactivation during episodic memory encoding attempts in the diseased or prospective pre-disease condition. Taken together these robust commonalities
Assessing the Effectiveness of Active-learning Approaches in Advancing Student Understanding of Construction Scheduling in a Virtual Environment

Bachelor’s Master’s Ph.D. in Architectural Engineering courses in construction management at RIT including construction scheduling, planning and control, principles of construction leadership and management, and sustainable building construction and design. Her research is in sustainable built environments, occupant comfort and behav-ior, indoor environmental quality, and building energy consumption. and and research and on green buildings, construction education, project management, construction planning, and scheduling. undergraduate and in project management, estimating, scheduling, control, and sustainability areas. Abstract As demand for online learning increases, it is becoming even more critical and challenging to ensure that instructors are equipped with the requisite skills and knowledge to support student learning and accomplish associated outcomes. Many studies urge online classes to be more engaging and collaborative to provide a compatible alternative to in-person settings. Studies have explored, and many confirmed the importance of active learning in different fields. Several instructors have implemented active learning in their in-person classrooms, while only a few looked at such techniques in virtual environments. In an effort to address the gap in the literature, the authors developed an experiment that involved fifteen students who participated in a workshop covering fundamental concepts in construction scheduling. Participants were from two different institutions. They were split into two groups. One group was taught online through a traditional lecture with no prominent active learning component. They completed the practice exercise individually, while the second group was allowed to work on the practice exercise in breakout rooms on Zoom. All students completed pre and post-workshop surveys to assess students' learning of the workshop outcomes and explore the effectiveness of utilizing active learning components in online course deliveries, particularly for construction management undergraduate programs. The results of this study indicate that virtual workshops are effective in increasing students learning of construction scheduling topics. At the same time, more research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of specific active learning techniques within virtual settings.
University of Birmingham Analysis of algal growth- and morphogenesis-promoting bacterial factors (AGPFs) in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for farming the green seaweed Ulva

: The marine green macroalgal genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) requires the presence of a combination of regulatory morphogenetic compounds released by their associated epiphytic bacteria in addition to nutritional parameters. The activity of algal growth- and morphogenesis-promoting factors (AGMPFs) derived from bacteria was determined in a land-based integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system of fish and macroalgae (located at the coastal lagoon Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) using a standardised bioassay with axenic cultures of Ulva mutabilis during a snapshot study. The study thus informs aspects of various potential aquaculture− environment interactions. It was observed that both the water from the lagoon (external to the farm system) and the water from the fish pond (input for algae cultures) could completely restore the normal growth and morphology of the macroalga under axenic conditions. The results highlight the presence of a sufficient chemical cocktail of AGMPFs in this IMTA system required for growth and morphogenesis of the sea lettuce Ulva spp. In addition, the water from fish farming increased the nutrient availability (nitrate and ammonium) needed for macroalgae production at low concentrations of metal contaminants. Interestingly, the abundances of known morphogene-sis-inducing bacteria (e.g. Maribacter mutabilis , Sulfitobacter spp. ) were enriched in the Ulva aquaculture water compared to the water from the lagoon. We thus conclude that sustainable growth and development of Ulva spp. can benefit from multitrophic aquaculture systems and shallow-water systems, due to the naturally enriched AGMPFs and their in situ production by bacteria in intensive algal aquacultures.