Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Cooling Design of CPU Packages for High-Performance Servers

Cooling technologies that address high-density and asymmetric heat dissipation in CPU packages of high-performance servers are discussed. Thermal management schemes and the development of associated technologies are reviewed from a viewpoint of industrial application. Particular attention is directed to heat conduction in the package and heat removal from the package/heat sink module. Power dissipation and package cooling characteristics of high-performance microprocessors are analyzed. The development of a new metallic thermal interface technology is introduced, where thermal and mechanical performance of an indium-silver alloy in the chip/heat spreader assembly was studied. The paper also reports on research on other thermal management materials, such as diamond composite heat-spreading materials. Some actual package designs are described to illustrate the enhanced heat spreading capability of heat pipes and vapor chambers.
The application and use of the PAF quality costing model within a footwear company

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe an investigation into collection and measurement of cost of quality, explaining how this information was presented and used for business improvement in a footwear company.Design/methodology/approach – An action research methodology was adopted. The research involved: review of available COQ literature; identification of cost categories; adoption and trial of cost collection systems.Findings – Quality costing can only be used as a management tool if the data presented is both accurate and valid. This is limited by availability of required information and necessary expertise and resources to gather and analyse such information. Careful development of the cost model and a transparent, agreed methodology for employing it is essential.Research limitations/implications – The methodology applied was appropriate, generating data to facilitate discussion and draw specific conclusions from. A perceived limitation is the single case approach; however, this can be en.
Supplier Score Prediction Using Hybrid Neural Network Model Based on Simple Exponential Smoothing

This paper proposes a hybrid model combining artificial neural networks (ANN) and simple average exponential smoothing (SES) forecasting models, termed as the ANNSES model. The proposed model attempts to incorporate the linear characteristics of SES and nonlinear patterns of ANN for predicting the score of suppliers in an e-procurement system of an automobile industry. The MAPE and RMSE errors obtained indicate that predictions upto a month ahead was accurate using the hybrid model compared to those obtained using ANN and SES forecasting models individually.
Lagooning and bio-consortium optimisation for secondary level remediation of simulated sugar factory wastewater

Sugar factories are a significant source of water pollution, particularly in developing countries such as Pakistan, where the sugar industry is the second largest after tanneries. The wastewater is disposed of untreated to the environment, since traditional wastewater treatment processes are capital-intensive, energy-demanding and complex in operation. The common approach is to use waste stabilization ponds or lagoons mostly operated on complete retention basis. This work is an attempt to highlight the possibility of effectively applying wastewater lagooning process utilizing the inherent organic contents of sugar factory wastewater with the aid of an algae-bacterial consortium (ABC) to investigate its capacity to utilize this resource to produce renewable fuel while de-polluting wastewater rather than it being a liability to be disposed of. A lagoon photo tank (LPT) resembling a prototype raceway lagoon was designed and used to carry out mass cell cultivation on a sugar-oriented medium for the assessment and inter-optimization of the process conditions such as temperature, incident light (IL), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO). The evaluation of the process performance was observed via the analyses of parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon and cell mass growth. The first part of this study was related with the baseline assessment of LPT process conditions using distilled water as well as sucrose solution or sugar water to establish basis for a priori analysis of simulated sugar factory wastewater (SSFW) carried out in the second part. The suitability of the dosing of copolymer Polyacrylate polyalcohol was optimised through a series of trial runs to aid in the immobilization of mono or mixotrophic cultures of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris and bacteria Pseudomonas Putida at the surface of LPT in order to influence reduction in the organic concentration of SSFW. This research study has contributed to the knowledge base of the concerned area of study with respect to hitherto unknown application of copolymer Polyacrylate polyalcohol, which showed viable characteristics in the cultivation medium in terms of cell immobilization at the surface of LPT resulting in the formation of growth-conducive copolymer-algae matrices leading to the rapid growth of the cell mass with increased process efficiency. This process optimisation resulted in SSFW depollution by around 89% along with energetic biomass growth with a calorific value of 27 kJ g1 and at an optimum growth rate of 1.2 d1 suggesting towards the potential of copolymer addition in the system to enhance the efficiency of the organisms inducing optimum substrate utilization.
Effect of glycerol on performance rice straw/starch based polymer

The effect of glycerol on the mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties of thermoplastic tapioca starch reinforced rice straw fiber grinded in the range below 100 µm was investigated. Compound formulation was done on twin screw extrusion and the extrudates were pelletized. The compounded samples were processed using compression moulding to form sheet at 150°C for tensile and thermal gravimetric. SEM studies were investigated on fracture surface of composites. Tensile test was done in accordance to ASTM D638. Thermal analysis was used to determine the degradation temperature of composite. Increasing the amount of glycerol increased the tensile strength of composite up to 30 phr of glycerol, however, increasing to 40 and 50 phr glycerol was decrease the strength but elongation at break of composites was increased with increasing glycerol content. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) result showed that increased amount of glycerol content lead to decrease in degradation temperature of the composite and SEM micrograph showed that good dispersion and adhesion between rice straw fiber and starch.
Single-Point Incremental Micro-Forming of Thin Shell Products Utilizing High Formability

This paper describes single-point incremental micro-forming of miniature shell products 50 µm to 1000 µm in size. First, the conditions of the micro-forming of a pyramid with a 1 mm square base were optimized to cause large elongation of a blank up to 128%, resulting in a tall pyramid with an elevation angle of 64°. Next, the influence of the tool rotational speed on the forming limit in forming a pyramid with a 50 µm square base was investigated. It was found that the optimum rotational speed decrease with the size of a pyramid. Finally, letters and numbers 100 µm to 500 µm in size were formed as free form products. The effect of grain size on the miniature shell products was discussed based on the results and it was concluded that the effect must be taken into consideration in micro-forming processes of miniature products smaller than 100 µm in size as far as the grain size is not very small as compared with the size of a product.
Performance Analysis and Receiver Design of Spatio-Temporal Coded Modulation Scheme for Diffusion-Based Molecular MIMO Systems

Diffusion-based molecular communication (DBMC) systems allow messenger molecules to reach the intended receiver using laws of diffusion. The Brownian motion of messenger molecules introduces delay in the system causing the problem of inter-symbol interference (ISI). Along with ISI, the problem of inter-link interference (ILI) comes into picture in the diffusion-based molecular multiple-input multiple-output (DB-MoMIMO) systems. To combat against ISI and ILI issues, index modulation (IM) approaches are recently proposed in the literature for improving the performance of DB-MoMIMO systems. Despite the existence of IM approaches, problems of ISI and ILI still persist due to the slow random motion of molecules in DB-MoMIMO channels. Motivated by this, a novel coded modulation approach called molecular spatio-temporal coded modulation (MSTCM) is proposed in this paper which shows promising improvement in the performance of DB-MoMIMO systems by encoding the information both in space and time axes. Further, if system has access to two types of molecules, the dual-type modulation schemes are discussed for the same. Moreover, the encoder and decoder designs for the proposed mapping strategy are provided. In addition, a theoretical bit error rate expression for the MSTCM scheme is derived and simulation results are shown to corroborate the theoretical ones.
Expansion planning for smart transmission grids using AC model and shunt compensation

It is widely recognised that large amounts of limited controlled renewable generation in smart grids bring major challenges. The increasing complexity to solve the transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem emphasises the need to face it with new models and more efficient optimisation techniques. In this research work, a load shedding formulation is proposed, extended for the AC model that takes into account shunt compensation additions to solve the TEP problem. This allows an integrated transmission line and shunt compensation planning that can be solved more efficiently. To solve the TEP problem, an improved version of local particle swarm optimisation is used. Solutions obtained in very well-known test and realistic networks demonstrate that this implementation can be very interesting for practical use.
EMBRACING HERBAL MEDICINE THROUGH COLLABORATION AMONG TRADITIONAL HEALERS, BIOMEDICAL HEALTH PRACTITIONERS AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES: A REVIEW

There are nearly 200 000 traditional health practitioners practicing in South Africa catering for approximately 80 percent of the country’s population that is thought to use traditional medicine for their physical and spiritual wellbeing. The cumulative occurrence of diseases of unidentified etiology, customary beliefs and fatal diseases has led to traditional healer’s assisting more patients. In many countries, collaborative initiatives between traditional African medicine and western medicine are taking place at a national level. However, in South Africa traditional healers are not formally recognized as health care professionals. Traditional and allopathic health practitioners experience negative attitudes towards each other and very little effort has been executed to incorporate westernized medicine and traditional healing. The main problem is the way to instigate corporation between traditional healers and Western biomedicine which vary in theory of disease management and causation. The purpose of this paper was to assess and address problems adjourning incorporation of traditional and biomedical practitioners, while recognizing opportunities and contemporary initiatives or interventions. Recommendations were provided on how to facilitate collaboration of traditional healers into recognized health care system and research developments to reduce the risks of their practices.
Field and Theoretical Evaluation of Thermal Fatigue Cracking in Flexible Pavements

Thermal cracking in flexible pavement occurs when the tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of hot-mix asphalt at a given temperature or when fluctuating stresses and strains caused by temperature variation lead to a buildup of irrecoverable deformations over time. The objective of this study was twofold: (a) to quantify the measured strain magnitude associated with thermal fatigue through field measurements and (b) to present a three-dimensional, finite element (FE) model that accurately simulated thermal fatigue in flexible pavement. Results of the experimental program indicated that pavement response to thermal loading was associated with a high strain range, reaching a maximum recorded value of 350 μm/m. This finding confirms the hypothesis that the criticality of thermal fatigue arises from the high stress–strain level exhibited in each cycle rather than its frequency, which is usually the critical factor in load-associated fatigue cracking. Moreover, the developed FE model accurately simulated pavement response to thermal loading by conducting a sequential coupled heat transfer analysis. Results of the developed FE model were in agreement with field measurements and demonstrated the model's capability to simulate both the temperature and stress fields associated with thermal loading. This model may be used to evaluate pavement performance against transverse cracking induced by thermal fatigue.
Consumers of Ethnic Apparel from Alternative Trading Organizations: A Multifaceted Market

Consumers from the mailing list of Pueblo to People, an alternative trading organization specializing in ethnic apparel and crafts from Latin America, were segmented by their desirability ratings for a variety of clothing evaluative criteria. Two market segments emerged that were considered meaningful for targeted product development. Creative Ethnic consumers preferred a unique and dramatic look that they believe can be achieved through ethnic and traditional styling. The traditional and bright colors of Latin America were desirable to this group, who also rated high quality as important. Plain and Simple consumers also preferred high quality garments, but not elaborate patterns and surface designs characteristic of traditional ethnic fabrics. Rather, Plain and Simple consumers preferred dark colors in blue hues or neutral colors such as black, white, or gray. Findings are discussed in relation to literature on textile craft consumers. Additionally, suggestions are made for product development that would target both groups.
Structural performance and cost analysis of wind-induced vibration control schemes for a real super-tall building

To evaluate different energy dissipation systems used to control wind-induced vibrations of a 456 m super-tall building in fluctuating wind excitations, the finite element (FE) method was employed to simulate the dynamic responses of the building. A series of wind tunnel pressure tests were conducted on a 1:450 scale model to determine the wind forces acting on the super-tall building. A FE model was also constructed and mass, damping and stiffness matrices were subsequently formulated as an evaluation model for numerical analysis. The evaluation model was further simplified to a state reduced-order system using the state order reduction method. Three different vibration control schemes, namely a tuned mass damper (TMD) system, a system containing only nonlinear viscous dampers and a hybrid control system combining TMD and viscous dampers, were examined through simulations with respect to their effectiveness in reducing the accelerations at the top of the building. Furthermore, a cost evaluation was conducted to determine the most economical structural design and vibration control scheme. The results show that the wind-induced vibrations of the analysed building can be controlled effectively by all the three examined schemes, while the hybrid control scheme and the scheme containing only viscous dampers further reduce the wind-induced vibration to satisfy a more stringent criterion for a six-star hotel. In addition, the hybrid vibration control scheme is also the most cost-effective among the examined schemes.
Simultaneous Layout and Size Optimization of Water Distribution Networks: Engineering Approach

A heuristic method is presented for the simultaneous layout and component size optimization of water distribution networks. The method is based on the engineering concept of reliability in which the number of independent paths from source nodes to each of the consumption nodes is considered as a measure of reliability. The method starts with a predefined maximum layout which includes all possible and useful connections. An iterative design-float procedure is then used to move from the current to a cheaper layout satisfying a predetermined reliability set by the user. This is achieved via identifying the hydraulically least important pipes and floating the one which would lead to the cheapest layout. A pipe is floated by relaxing its minimum diameter constraint requirement so that the optimization process could eliminate the pipe from the layout by assigning a zero value to its diameter if required. An iterative penalty method is used for design purpose at each iteration. Three different floating procedures are developed and their efficiencies are tested. A heuristic method is also developed to convert the continuous pipe size solution to a set of discrete solutions. The performance of the method for layout optimization of pipe networks is tested against the benchmark example in the literature and the results are presented.
Crop Production and Economics in Northwest Kansas as Related to Irrigation Capacity

Crop production and economics of corn, grain sorghum, soybean, and sunflower under irrigated and dryland conditions were simulated using 34 years (1972-2005) of weather data in Northwest Kansas. Irrigation system capacities ranged from 2.5 to 8.5 mm/day. The simulated long-term annual average net irrigation requirements for corn, grain sorghum, soybean, and sunflower were 375, 272, 367, and 311 mm, respectively. Assuming a 95% application efficiency (Ea), the average long-term crop yield is approximately 12.9, 8.2, 4.4, and 3.2 Mg/ha for corn, grain sorghum, soybean, and sunflower, respectively. Although corn is currently the predominant irrigated crop in western Kansas, projections for the year 2006 indicate soybean is a more profitable alternative. Net irrigation requirements for soybean are only about 2% lower than corn, so a shift to soybean will not result in significant water conservation. If the price of corn increased just 10% relative to stable prices for the other crops, it would become the most profitable irrigated crop. This indicates that net return projections are very volatile, subject to changes in crop prices and input costs.
Performance Analysis of Parallel Flow Intersection and Displaced Left-Turn Intersection Designs

The displaced left-turn (DLT) design, also known as the continuous flow intersection, has proved to be a superior alternative to the conventional intersection in terms of handling heavy volumes during peak periods. In locations where the availability of additional right-of-way and driveway access is not a major concern, the DLT design is a cost-effective and time-saving option compared with the expensive option of grade-separated interchanges. Recently, a new nontraditional intersection design called the parallel flow intersection (PFI) has been proposed. The PFI is also an at-grade design and operates with the same number of signal phases as a DLT. This research compares the operational performance of DLT and PFI designs based on the maximum through and left-turn movement throughputs for three different high-volume scenarios using traffic simulation. The results indicate that maximum throughput values of through movement in the PFI were very close to the values obtained for the DLT. The designs produced similar results, mainly because both operate as two-phase signals (at the main intersection) with equal green times for through movements. The left-turn movement throughputs in the PFI were found to be lower than those in the DLT. For two study cases, the DLT was able to process 180 and 80 more vehicles per hour per lane than the PFI. This is attributable to left-turning vehicles experiencing a greater number of stops, on average, in a PFI than they would in a DLT.
Twenty-five Years of Inflation Targeting in Australia: Are There Better Alternatives for the Next Twenty-five Years?

This paper surveys alternative monetary frameworks and evaluates whether the current inflation-targeting framework, followed by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) for the past 25 years, is likely to be the most appropriate framework for the next 25 years. While flexible inflation targeting has appeared to work well in Australia in the past decades, the nature of future shocks suggests that some form of nominal income targeting is worth considering as an evolutionary change to Australia’s framework for monetary policy.
Operator Workload in the UH-60A Black Hawk: Crew Results vs. Tawl Model Predictions

An empirical study was undertaken to collect real-time workload estimates of pilots and copilots performing a resupply mission in a UH-60A flight simulator. Overall and peak workload (OW and PW) ratings were collected for twelve mission segments. These ratings were compared with OW and PW values predicted by the Task Analysis/Workload (TAWL) simulation model. High correlations were found between TAWL-based predictions and crew results for OW (r = 0.82 to 0.95; p < .01). Lower correlations were found for PW (r = 0.62; p < .05).
Preventing Progressive Collapse of Slab Structures

The response of slab structures after initial failure is investigated in order to determine a means of preventing progressive collapse. Analytical models for predicting the post‐failure response of slabs are presented and the predictions are compared with experimental results. These analytical models along with an experimental investigation enabled the development of simple design and detailing guidelines for bottom slab reinforcement which is capable of hanging the slab from the columns after initial failures due to punching shear and flexure.
Fatigue life and reliability evaluation for dental implants based on computer simulation and limited test data

Dental implants have been extensively utilized on edentulous patients for many years. The fatigue life of dental implants is critical for them being approved to use in human body because they are within the area of biomedicine. To perform a preliminary investigation of fatigue life of dental implants, this article reports a method of fatigue life estimation based on the combination of computer simulation and limited test data. The method is developed based on a probabilistic form of fatigue life given according to the properties of material fatigue strength. The procedure is carried out by shifting of the regression line (representing the fatigue–life curve) to the desired value of the probability of occurrence. Computer simulation includes both stress analysis and life estimation which are done using the ANSYS software. This estimation model offers a method for fatigue life evaluation and yields the life distribution in respect to the scatter of the cyclic properties of dental implants. Furthermore, the reliability of lifetime is calculated based on the probabilistic form. The purposes of this study are to predict fatigue life using a small amount of testing data and to provide a risk assessment for dental implants in use.