Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence from Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico’s financial crisis, involving a debt burden of about $72 billion, marks the most significant municipal restructuring in US history. This chapter joins a growing body of literature that studies Puerto Rico’s crisis.1 We conduct a case study to investigate the pricing of key contract provisions of Puerto Rican debt. Consistent with existing literature we ask the questions: (a) do investors price contract provisions? and (b) does the pricing of contract provisions vary with credit risk? To our knowledge, this is the first study to address these questions for Puerto Rico or any municipal issuer. Puerto Rican debt offers multiple sources of variation in the contract provisions included across the different types of debt issuance. Puerto Rico’s debt crisis and default in 2016 is the latest in a long line of sovereign default crises which have raised questions about legal risk in the pricing of contract provisions and their potential modification by sovereign legislatures and domestic courts after issuance.2 Indeed, sovereign debt is unique in that the issuer’s legislature and court system have the authority to impose restructuring terms on holders of domestic law debt (Zettlemeyer et al., 2013; Chamon et al., 2018). To address legal risk and reduce borrowing costs, sovereigns turn to debt issuance under foreign legal systems, typically in New York or London, where domestic legislative fiat and domestic courts have limited power to affect contract provisions (Carletti et al., 2019). Sovereigns have also sought to include contract provisions aimed at streamlining the restructuring process. In particular, collective action clauses (referred to as ‘CACs’ throughout), which allow a majority of creditors to impose restructuring terms on holdout creditors, are commonly
P HENOMENOLOGICAL D IFFERENCES IN M USIC - AND T ELEVISION -E VOKED A UTOBIOGRAPHICAL M EMORIES

CAN BE A FOR AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL memories in both everyday and clinical settings. Understanding the extent to which music may have privileged access to aspects of our personal histories requires critical comparisons to other types of memories and exploration of how music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) vary across individuals. We compared the retrieval characteristics, content, and emotions of MEAMs to television-evoked autobiographical memories (TEAMs) in an online sample of 657 participants who were representative of the British adult population on age, gender, income, and education. Each participant reported details of a recent MEAM and a recent TEAM experience. MEAMs exhibited significantly greater episodic reliving, personal significance, and social content than TEAMs, and elicited more positive and intense emotions. The majority of these differences between MEAMs and TEAMs persisted in an analysis of a subset of responses in which the music and television cues were matched on familiarity. Age and gender effects were smaller, and consistent across both MEAMs and TEAMs. These results indicate phenomenological differences in naturally occurring memories cued by music as compared to television that are maintained across adulthood. Findings are dis-cussed in the context of theoretical accounts of autobiographical memory, functions of music, and healthy aging.
Effects of facilitated animal health planning on dairy farms, Impact of animal health planning in dairy farming Impact of structural animal health planning on antimicrobial use and animal health variables in conventional dairy farming in the Netherlands

Widespread veterinary use of antimicrobials might contribute to the increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance. Despite many successful efforts to reduce veterinary antimicrobial use in the Netherlands, the antimicrobial use on a substantial number of farms has remained relatively high over the past few years. Farm-specific solutions are required to further lower antimicrobial use on these farms. Reducing the burden of animal diseases at farm level by means of a structured approach to animal health planning could be a promising method. This intervention study aimed to evaluate the main effects of an animal health planning program developed by an advisory team consisting of a dairy farmer, his veterinarian and his feed adviser under guidance of a professional facilitator. During an initial farm visit, the advisory team developed a farm-specific animal health planning program, supported by the facilitator. After one year, the effects of this program on animal health, production parameters and antimicrobial use were evaluated and compared to control farms without a facilitated animal health planning program. Antimicrobial use on intervention farms was significantly reduced between the start and the end of the study period, however no significant differences in the rate of reduction between intervention and control group could be observed (-19% and -14% respectively). Reduced antimicrobial use did not result in negative effects on animal health and production parameters during the study period in both groups. On intervention farms, a significant positive relationship was found between the percentage of completed action points at farm level and the percent reduction in antimicrobial use. The level of compliance to action points and the quality of collaboration between farmer and advisers were positively associated with the accomplishment of corresponding objectives.
JDQS-08-2021-0020_proof 258..279

This paper investigates a retrospective on the Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies (JDQS) on its 30th anniversary based on bibliometric. JDQSs yearly publications, citations, impact factors, and centrality indices grew up in early 2010s, and diminished in 2020. Keyword network analysis reveals the JDQS’s main keywords including behavioral finance, implied volatility, information asymmetry, price discovery, KOSPI200 futures, volatility, andKOSPI200 options. Citations of JDQS articles aremainly driven by article age, demeaned age squared, conference, nonacademic authors and language. In comparison between number of views and downloads for JDQS articles, we find that recent changes in publisher and editorial and publishing policies have increased visibility of JDQS.
Impact of Domestic Violence upon Mental Health of Secondary level School

Abusing physically, mentally, sexually and economically by a person to a person who have familial relationship is domestic violence. This paper aims to describe what the relationship between impact of DV committed by mother and father, and mental health of girl students is. The study followed cross sectional research design and cluster sampling technique. Data of 385 students that were collected through self-administered anonymous questionnaire were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Pearson’s Correlation test was applied to identify what the relationship of abusing and beating have with anxiety and depression, and multiple regression analysis was used to predict significant contributor to DV. The great majority (84.6%) and 73.1% respondents who had experience of DV respectively had mild to moderate anxiety and depression. One in seven (15.4%) and 26.7% respondents respectively had severe anxiety and depression. Severity and frequency of abusing and beating had strong positive significant relationship with anxiety and depression. Severity and frequency of father beating contribute more to anxiety and depression. Local government must conduct domestic violence education for mothers and fathers of the study area.
Pathogenesis of an Infectious Mononucleosis-like Disease Induced by a Murine (cid:103) -Herpesvirus: Role for a Viral Superantigen?

antibody–depleted mice and mice that are CD4 deficient as a consequence of the deletion of MHC class II, were generally lower. The findings suggest that the IM-like disease is driven both by cytokines provided by CD4 (cid:49) T cells and by a viral superantigen presented by MHC class II glycoproteins to V (cid:98) 4 (cid:49) CD8 (cid:49) T cells.
Identiﬁcation of a Novel Virulence Factor in Recombinant Pneumonia Virus of Mice (cid:1)

Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is a murine relative of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). Here we developed a reverse genetics system for PVM based on a consensus sequence for virulent strain 15. Recombinant PVM and a version engineered to express green ﬂuorescent protein replicated as efﬁciently as the biological parent in vitro but were 4- and 12.5-fold attenuated in vivo, respectively. The G proteins of HRSV and PVM have been suggested to contribute to viral pathogenesis, but this had not been possible to study in a deﬁned manner in a fully permissive host. As a ﬁrst step, we evaluated recombinant mutants bearing a deletion of the entire G gene ( (cid:1) G) or expressing a G protein lacking its cytoplasmic tail (Gt). Both G mutants replicated as efﬁciently in vitro as their recombinant parent, but both were nonpathogenic in mice at doses that would otherwise be lethal. We could not detect replication of the (cid:1) G mutant in mice, indicating that its attenuation is based on a severe reduction in the virus load. In contrast, the Gt mutant appeared to replicate as efﬁciently in mice as its recombinant parent. Thus, the reduction in virulence associated with the Gt mutant could not be accounted for by a reduction in viral replication. These results identiﬁed the cytoplasmic tail of G as a virulence factor whose effect is not mediated solely by the viral load. In addition to its intrinsic interest, a recombinant virus that replicates with wild-type-like efﬁciency but does not cause disease deﬁnes optimal properties for vaccine development. the BHK-derived BSR-T7/5 cells (9) were maintained in Glasgow minimal essential medium (MEM) (Invitrogen GIBCO), and Vero cells (ATCC CCL-81) were maintained in Eagle’s MEM (Biochrom), all supple- mented with 10% fetal calf serum. Virus titers were determined by a plaque assay on Vero cells under 0.8% methylcellulose for 5 days at 32°C, followed by ﬁxation with 80% methanol. Plaques were visualized by incubation with a polyclonal rabbit serum raised against the PVM G protein, followed by incubation with biotinylated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) (Pierce) as a second antibody. Bound antibodies were detected by incubation with streptavidin coupled to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (BD Pharmingen), followed by color development by incubation with 3,3 (cid:2) -diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) sub- strate (Merck). Growth curves were performed in replicate wells. At the indicated time points, duplicate wells were harvested by scraping the cells into the overlying medium. The cells were pelleted by low-speed centrifugation, subjected to three cycles of freeze-thawing in a small volume of medium, and centrifuged a second time. supernatant was harvested, combined with the ﬁrst centrifugation, ﬂash frozen, and stored titration. aliquot titrated duplicate,
Effects of Short-Term Training of Community-Dwelling Elderly with Modular Interactive

Objective: The objective of this study is to test for the increased mobility, agility, balancing, and general ﬁtness of community-dwelling elderly individuals as a result of short-term training involving playing with modular interactive tiles (Entertainment Robotics, Odense, Denmark) at two community activity centers for the elderly. Three different tests from the Senior Fitness Test were used in order to test a variety of health parameters of the community-dwelling elderly, including those parameters related to fall prevention. Materials and Methods: Eighteen community-dwelling elderly individuals (63–95 years of age; mean, 83.2 years of age) were assessed in one intervention group without the use of a control group. The intervention group performed nine group sessions (1–1.5 hours each) of playful training with the modular interactive tiles over a 12-week period in two community activity centers for the elderly. Data were collected using pre-tests and post-tests of the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), the 8-foot Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), and the Chair-Stand Test (CS). Data were analyzed for statistically signiﬁcant differences and increases of means. Results: The 6MWT, TUG, and CS measurements showed statistically signiﬁcant differences and increases of means between the pre-tests and post-tests with the 6MWT ( P < 0.001) (means difference, 22.4 percent), TUG ( P < 0.001) (means difference, 15 percent), and CS ( P < 0.002) (means difference, 14 percent). Fifty-six percent of the elderly progressed from one health risk level to a better level, according to the three tests. Conclusions: Statistically signiﬁcant increases in scores were found across all tests, suggesting an improvement of many different health parameters for the elderly. Well-established research has shown the relationship between such test scores and fall incidents, balancing, mobility, agility, etc. This signiﬁcant improvement in the health status of the elderly is obtained in as few as nine training sessions over a 12-week period of ‘‘playing’’ exergames with the modular interactive tiles.
ECG Signal Compression using Normalization and Thresholding

: In this paper, ECG signal compression using normalization and thresholding of discrete cosine transform (DCT) and Wavelet Transform (WT) signal coefficients is studied. First ECG signal is transformed using Linear Transforms (DCT and WT). The transformed coefficients (TC) are then normalized by dividing the TC by
ON THE MEAN SQUARE OF THE PRODUCT OF ζ(s) AND A DIRICHLET POLYNOMIAL

T + E(T, A) (1.2) under the assumption log M log T (the symbol f g means f = O(g)), where (k, `) is the greatest common divisor of k and `, [k, `] = k`/(k, `) is the least common multiple of k and `, a(`) is the complex conjugate of a(`), γ is Euler’s constant, and E(T, A) is the error term satisfying E(T, A) MT ε + T (log T ) (for log M log T ) (1.3) for any B > 0, where the implied constant depends on B and ε. They also gave several sharper estimates of E(T, A) under further assumptions, and mentioned an application to the distribution of zeros of ζ(s). Their condition log M log T for (1.3) is actually not necessary (see the remark at the end of this section). Motohashi [8] stated a different type of estimate, that is E(T, A) MT , (1.4)
Structural Phase Transitions of Hybrid Perovskites CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = Br, Cl) from Synchrotron and Neutron Diffraction Data

Methylammonium (MA) lead trihalide perovskites, that is, CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = I, Br, Cl), have emerged as a new class of light-absorbing materials for photovoltaic applications. Indeed, since their implementation in solar-cell heterojunctions, they reached efficiencies above 23%. From a crystallographic point of view, there are many open questions that should be addressed, including the role of the internal motion of methylammonium groups within PbX 6 lattice under extreme conditions, such as low/high temperature or high pressure. For instance, in MAPbBr 3 perovskites, the octahedral tilting can be induced upon cooling, lowering the space group from the aristotype Pm ¯ 3 m to I 4/ mcm and Pnma . The band gap engineering brought about by the chemical management of MAPb(Br,Cl) 3 perovskites has been controllably tuned: the gap progressively increases with the concentration of Cl ions from 2.1 to 2.9 eV. In this chapter, we review recent structural studies by state-of-the-art techniques, relevant to the crystallographic characterization of these materials, in close relationship with their light-absorption properties.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Second-order online active learning and its applications Second-order online active learning and its applications

—The goal of online active learning is to learn predictive models from a sequence of unlabeled data given limited label query budget. Unlike conventional online learning tasks, online active learning is considerably more challenging because of two reasons. Firstly, it is difﬁcult to design an effective query strategy to decide when is appropriate to query the label of an incoming instance given limited query budget. Secondly, it is also challenging to decide how to update the predictive models effectively whenever the true label of an instance is queried. Most existing approaches for online active learning are often based on a family of ﬁrst-order online learning algorithms, which are simple and efﬁcient but fall short in the slow convergence and sub-optimal solution in exploiting the labeled training data. To solve these issues, this paper presents a novel framework of Second-order Online Active Learning (SOAL) by fully exploiting both the ﬁrst-order and second-order information. The proposed algorithms are able to achieve effective online learning efﬁcacy, maximize the predictive accuracy and minimize the labeling cost. To make SOAL more practical for real-world applications, especially for class-imbalanced online classiﬁcation tasks (e.g., malicious web detection), we extend the SOAL framework by proposing the Cost-sensitive Second-order Online Active Learning algorithm named “SOAL CS ”, which is devised by maximizing the sum of weighted sensitivity and speciﬁcity or minimizing the cost of weighted mistakes of different classes. We conducted both theoretical analysis and empirical studies, including an extensive set of experiments on a variety of large-scale real-world datasets, in which the promising empirical results validate the efﬁcacy and scalability of the proposed algorithms towards large-scale online learning tasks.
Bleeding risk assessment in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery using ROTEM (cid:1) platelet and Multiplate (cid:1) impedance aggregometry*

Impaired platelet function is a major risk factor for peri-operative bleeding and transfusion. This prospective, obser-vational study enrolled 101 consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Platelet function was assessed by two whole blood impedance aggregometers (ROTEM (cid:1) platelet and Multiplate (cid:1) ), using three different activators (arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate and thrombin receptor-activating peptide-6), at three peri-operative time points (before anaesthesia, after aortic declamping and 5 – 10 min after protamine administration). Platelet function was impaired over the time-course in all assays. Results after protamine administration demonstrated the best correlation with postoperative chest tube drainage. Patients with a chest tube drainage exceeding the 75th percentile of the entire study population, during the ﬁ rst 24 postoperative hours, were charac-terised to have excessive bleeding. Both devices provided similar predictability for postoperative chest tube drainage and red blood cell transfusion requirements. The latter was associated with the degree of platelet inhibition and the number of pathways inhibited determined respective cut-off values. arachidonic acid (Multiplate) ; ADPtest, platelet aggregation was determined in response to stimulation with adenosine diphosphate (Multiplate); TRAPtest, platelet aggregation was determined in response to stimulation with thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 (TRAP-6) (Multiplate); ARATEM, platelet aggregation was determined in response to stimulation with arachidonic acid (ROTEM platelet); ADPTEM, platelet aggregation was determined in response to stimulation with adenosine diphosphate (ROTEM platelet); TRAPTEM, platelet aggregation was determined in response to stimulation with thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 (TRAP-6) (ROTEM platelet). ASPItest, platelet aggregation in response to stimulation with arachidonic acid ADPtest, platelet aggregation in response to stimulation with adenosine diphosphate (Multiplate); TRAPtest, platelet aggregation in response to stimulation with thrombin receptor-activating peptide-6 ARATEM, platelet aggregation in response to with arachidonic acid platelet in response to stimulation with adenosine diphosphate
light switched on for tomato

The leaf hydraulic architecture is a key determinant of plant sap transport and plant-atmosphere exchange processes. Non-destructive imaging with neutrons shows large potential for unveiling the complex internal features of the venation network and the transport therein. However, it was only used for two-dimensional imaging without addressing flow dynamics, and was still unsuccessful in accurate quantification of the amount of water. Quantitative neutron imaging was used to investigate, for the first time, the water distribution in veins and lamina, the three-dimensional venation architecture and sap flow dynamics in leaves. The latter was visualised using D 2 O as a contrast liquid. A high dynamic resolution was obtained by using cold neutrons and imaging relied on radiography (2D) as well as tomography (3D). The principle of the technique was shown for detached leaves, but can be applied to in-vivo leaves as well. The venation network architecture and the water distribution in the veins and lamina unveiled clear differences between plant species. The leaf water content could be successfully quantified, though still included the contribution of hydrogen in the leaf dry matter. The flow measurements exposed the hierarchical structure of the water transport pathways and accurate quantification of the absolute amount of water uptake in the leaf was possible. Particular advantages of neutron imaging, as compared to X-ray imaging, were identified. Quantitative neutron imaging is a promising technique to investigate leaf water flow and transpiration in real time and has perspectives towards studies of plant response to environmental conditions and plant water stress.