Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Magnitude of Suicidal Behaviour among People Living with Diabetes Mellitus Attending an Outpatient Department of Alamata General Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia 2019: a Cross-Sectional Study

Background Globally, suicide accounts 75% in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Though the magnitude of suicidal behaviour in high- income countries (HIC) is higher relative to the general population, limited studies had explored about suicidal behaviour among medical outpatients in middle-income countries (LMICs) including this locality. Suicidal behaviours among people with the chronic medical illness are one of the commonest psychiatric emergencies that demand a major health concern by researchers and mental health task forces. People with the chronic medical illness show suicidal ideation and attempt which are fatal problems to end life. Therefore, this study will address the gaps by determining the magnitude of suicidal behaviour among Diabetes Mellitus patients in an outpatient setting of Alamata General Hospital (AGH). Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical patients attending a chronic care clinic in Alamata general Hospital from May to June 2019. A sample of 146 DM patients who were attending an outpatient chronic care clinic was included in the study. Patients’ data on socio-demographics, clinical factors, substance use and other information's were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire through face to face interview. Suicidal behaviour was used assessed by WHO suicidal behaviour assessment. The collected data were coded, entered and analyzed using frequency, cross-tabulation analysis by SPSS Version 23. Result The magnitude of suicidal behaviour among DM patients at AGH is 30.8%. Conclusion This study demonstrated that suicidal behaviours common problem in diabetic patients was high magnitude.
Evaluation of HaNPV 100 LE in different sprayers for management of pigeonpea pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

The study was conducted to evaluate the different sprayers in the management of pod borer using HaNPV 100 LE per ha at the Agricultural Research station, Gulbarga, Karnataka, for two successive years in 2011 and 2012. The results of a year 2011 revealed that lowest mean pod borer larval population (1.16) per five plants at five days after spray recorded in the plot sprayed with Taiwan sprayer, and the results of a year 2012 also revealed that, lowest mean larval population (0.66) per five plants recorded in plots sprayed with Taiwan sprayer. Yield parameters of both years recorded a lowest pod damage (17.22%), grain damage (13.53%) and higher grain yield (11.51 q/ha) with high B:C ratio (3.46) in the plots sprayed with Taiwan sprayer. Tractor mounted sprayer was the next best to Taiwan sprayer in the management of pod borer. The foregoing studies indicated that the performance of Taiwan sprayer and tractor mounted sprayer were superior to other sprayers in terms of time taken to cover unit area, suppression of larval population, reduction in pod damage and harnessing higher yield
Effect of reflective particles spraying on productivity and quality of “Anna” apple Malus domestica

This work was carried out through 2018 and 2019 seasons on “Anna” apple (Malus domestica). Trees were 5 years old, grown in sandy soil and planted at 2 x 3 meters apart under drip irrigation system. This investigation aimed to enhanced production and fruit quality of the Anna” apple (Malus domestica). Trees sprayed with Kaolin at 6%, potassium silicate at 3% and calcium carbonate at 3 % in three different spraying dates i.e. (first May first June first July). Results proved that spraying with potassium silicate at 3% + calcium carbonate at 3% at in first June spraying date treatment gave the highest leaf area, total chlorophyll, yield and fruit quality of Anna” apple tree. In addition, the interaction between reflective particles spraying treatments and spraying dates recorded significant highest values of Anna apple fruit parameters in both seasons. On the other hand, trees untreated recorded the lowest yield and fruit quality during two studied seasons.
Holographic and electronic speckle pattern interferometry applied to the measurement of static and dynamic mechanical properties of elastomers

Taking as its starting point a holographic interferometric technique, used to measure the static and dynamic bulk moduli of elastomers, this thesis describes the progression of research aimed at extending the range and nature of these measurements. The use of Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (E.S.P.I) as an alternative optical technique is described. The use of amplitude and phase modulation within this interferometer is also described. These modulation techniques are shown to be advantageous in manipulating fringe distributions making data extraction easier and more accurate. This allows measurement, over an extended frequency range, of the pressure and temperature dependence of bulk moduli and also Young's moduli for elastomer samples. The visco-elastic components of these moduli are also investigated by using E.S. P.I. to measure the loss component tan σ of the vibrational response of the elastomer.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURES AND TRANSPORTATION SERVICES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: RECENT EVIDENCE FROM HIGH-, MIDDLE- AND LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES

This study investigates the links between digital infrastructures (DI); transportation services (TS) and economic growth using simultaneous-equation panel data models for a panel of 62 countries for the period 2000-2018. The results indicate that there is evidence of bidirectional relationship between DI and economic process. Economic growth and TS are interrelated bidirectional relationship. Bidirectional link is validated between DI and TS for high-income and middle-income countries. Unidirectional causality is running from TS to DI for low incomes countries. These empirical insights are of particular interest to policymakers, working in low incomes countries. They help them to develop modern DI and TS to sustain economic development and to push substantial changes within the way of life and productivity. This has led to enormous technological advancement which is in line with but at a faster pace than the technological advancement of previous revolutions.
Youth unemployment and Mental Health: Prevalence and determinant factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia

Background: The high rate of unemployment among young adults (aged 18 to 30 years) is a public health concern. The risk of mental health problems like depression is higher among the unemployed than among the employed. However, little is known about the prevalence and determinants of depression among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the prevalence and determinant factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was conducted among 1419 unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia from May to July, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data on socio-demographic characteristics of unemployed young adults was collected by using structured questionnaire and presence of depression was assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data was coded and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with depression, and variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval. Result: The overall prevalence of depression among unemployed young adults in the present study was 30.9% (95% CI: 28.4%, 33.1%). Of the total study participants with depression, 249(17.5%) had mild depression, 158(11.1%) had moderate depression, and 32(2.3%) had severe depression. Being male (AOR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.80), long duration of unemployment (≥1years) (AOR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.99), low self-esteem (AOR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.68), poor social support (AOR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.93), and current alcohol use (AOR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.33, 2.59) were significantly associated with depression among unemployed young adults. Conclusion : Our study revealed a high prevalence of depression among unemployed young adults, with three out of ten unemployed young adults having significant depression. Being male, long duration of unemployment, low self-esteem, poor social support, and current alcohol use were statistically significant with depression. Therefore, our study suggest that Policy makers, program planners, and other concerned bodies should establish appropriate strategy for prevention, early detection and management of depression among unemployed young adults.
Durability of FRP-concrete bond in FRP-strengthened bridges: a study of four in-service bridges in Canada

In many fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-strengthened structures, the bond between FRP and concrete is the critical link in the reinforcement. The FRP-concrete bond is known to be affected by surface preparation and general concrete quality, properties and characteristics of the adhesive, external anchorage, FRP stiffness, FRP prestressing, and loading conditions. As a follow-up to an earlier study aimed at assessing the durability of glass FRP (GFRP) rods in concrete, a study was carried out to investigate the durability of externally bonded FRP in 4 in-service bridges. Research groups from several Canadian universities were involved. This article synthesizes the findings of this study.
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL BUCKLING TESTS ON U.S. RAILROADS

Thermal buckling of railroad tracks in the lateral plane is an important problem in the design and maintenance of continuous welded rails (CWR). The severity of the problem is manifested through the increasing number of derailments which are attributable to track buckling, indicating a need for developing better control on the allowable, safe temperature increase for CWR track. The experimental work consisted of two major tests at The Plains, VA, conducted as part of a cooperative research program with the Southern Railway System. One test was on tangent track and the other on curved. Both test zones were fully instrumented for compressive forces, temperatures, lateral and longitudinal displacements. Analyses of the two test results, theoretical predictions and conclusions of practical significance are presented.
A simulation-based analysis of the effects of variable prosthesis stiffness on interface dynamics between the prosthetic socket and residual limb

Introduction: Loading of a residual limb within a prosthetic socket can cause tissue damage such as ulceration. Computational simulations may be useful tools for estimating tissue loading within the socket, and thus provide insights into how prosthesis designs affect residual limb-socket interface dynamics. The purpose of this study was to model and simulate residual limb-socket interface dynamics and evaluate the effects of varied prosthesis stiffness on interface dynamics during gait. Methods: A spatial contact model of a residual limb-socket interface was developed and integrated into a gait model with a below-knee amputation. Gait trials were simulated for four subjects walking with low, medium, and high prosthesis stiffness settings. The effects of prosthesis stiffness on interface kinematics, normal pressure, and shear stresses were evaluated. Results: Model-predicted values were similar to those reported previously in sensor-based experiments; increased stiffness resulted in greater average normal pressure and shear stress (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These methods may be useful to aid experimental studies by providing insights into the effects of varied prosthesis design parameters or gait conditions on residual limb-socket interface dynamics. The current results suggest that these effects may be subject-specific.
Optimal Travel Time Displays for Dynamic Message Signs

Many transportation agencies have recommended travel times as the default message on dynamic or variable message signs. Given the locations of these signs, this paper proposes models for determining the destinations for which to display travel times in order to maximize the benefit to motorists. On the surface, these models appear difficult to solve. However, their underlying structure allows a simple procedure for calculating an optimal solution. Data from I 95 and 595 corridors in Florida are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models and algorithms.
Developmental changes in perceived moral standing of robots

We live in an age where robots are increasingly present in the social and moral world. Here, we explore how children and adults think about the mental lives and moral standing of robots. In Experiment 1 (N = 116), we found that children granted humans and robots with more mental life and vulnerability to harm than an anthropomorphized control (i.e., a toy bear). In Experiment 2 (N = 157), we found that, relative to children, adults ascribed less mental life and vulnerability to harm to robots. In Experiment 3 (N = 152), we modified our experiment to be within-subjects and measured beliefs concerning moral standing. Though younger children again appeared willing to assign mental capacities — particularly those related to experience (e.g., being capable of experiencing hunger) — to robots, older children and adults did so to a lesser degree. This diminished attribution of mental life tracked with diminished ratings of robot moral standing. This informs ongoing debates concerning emerging attitudes about artificial life.
IMPACT DAMAGE AND REPAIR OF AASHTO TYPE III GIRDERS

The paper discusses the removal of four AASHTO Type III prestressed girders from an interstate overpass in Minneapolis, MN. The behavior of these girders was evaluated at the University of Minnesota by simulating impact damage from overheight vehicles striking a bridge on three of the specimens. The first damaged girder was subjected to increasing amounts of impact damage while the second and third were damaged and then repaired. The repairs examined consisted of an internal strand splice utilizing a turnbuckle and an external post-tensioning scheme. Each of the specimens was subjected to static and fatigue loadings and subsequently tested to failure.
The Limits of Expertise: Rethinking Pilot Error and the Causes of Airline Accidents

Contents: Foreword Preface Introduction USAir 1016 - windshear encounter TWA 843 - the power of suggestion American 1572 - accumulation of small errors American International 808 - the strobe light that wasn't there Southwest 1455 - unstabilized approach at Burbank FedEx 14 - pilot-induced oscillations in the landing flare Ryan 590 - a minute amount of contamination Tower 41 - loss of control during a slippery runway takeoff Continental 1943 - gear-up landing in Houston American 102 - runway excursion after landing Continental 795 - high-speed takeoff decision with poor information USAir 405 - snowy night at LaGuardia ValuJet 558 - 2 missing words and a hard landing short of the runway Air Transport International 805 - disorientation, loss of control and the need to intervene American 903 - loss of control at altitude Simmons 3641 - over the gates and into forbidden territory American 1340 - autopilot deviation just prior to landing Delta 554 - undershot landing at LaGuardia American 1420 - pressing the approach Flightcrew-related accident data: comparison of the 1978-1990 and 1991-2001 periods Converging themes: the deep structure of accidents Bibliography Index.
Median Barrier Placement on Six-lane, 46-foot Median Divided Freeways

This report summarizes the research efforts of using finite element modeling and simulations to evaluate the performance of W-beam guardrails and cable median barriers on six-lane, 46-foot median divided freeways. A literature review is included on performance evaluation of W-beam guardrails and cable barriers as well as applications of finite element modeling and simulations in roadside safety research. The three types of barriers evaluated in this project are the single-face W-beam, double-face W-beam (two designs), and generic low-tension cable barrier. All three types of barriers were evaluated at three impact speeds and three impact angles. Full-scale crash simulations were first performed on a single-face W-beam guardrail placed on the border of a 2.5:1 slope and the shoulder. Two designs of a double-face W-beam guardrail, which replaced the single-face W-beam at the same location, were then evaluated using simulations and compared to the single-face one. Finally, simulations were performed on vehicles impacting the cable median barrier placed on a 4:1 slope. The simulation results demonstrated the effects of sloped medians on vehicle redirection after contacting the cable median barriers or W-beam guardrails. A common issue for a sloped median is the increased potential of vehicle rollovers, particularly for large-size vehicles. The results will be used to update and validate the standard drawings and strategies for placement of median guardrails and cable barriers. The use of finite element simulations is shown to be both effective and efficient, because they are nondestructive, repeatable, modifiable, and inexpensive. Furthermore, finite element simulations can be used to study crash scenarios that are impossible and/or extremely expensive to conduct physical crash testing. Finite element modeling and simulations are recommended for future investigations of other research issues.
Improving the Interaction and Communication through the LMS Open eClass in Blended Learning

Learning Management Systems (LMSs), in a blended learning educational environment, support face to face education and enable enhanced communication and interaction among instructors and students as well as among students. However, Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL), which improves the learning process, does not come without challenges. The aim of this research is double fold. Firstly, it aims to explore users’ –instructors and students- perceptions on how the LMS Open eClass, in TEI of Athens Greece, supports and facilitates their communication and interaction. Secondly, based on users’ needs and desires, the study aims to formulate suggestions for improving communication and interaction through the platform. The study adopts an interpretivist stance and is built upon an inductive qualitative approach. Firstly, users’ perceptions are solicited through semi-structured interviews and the collected data are analyzed through the thematic analysis method. Subsequently, the study adopts Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to capture the complexity of the situation, derived from the different worldviews of instructors and students in their association with Open eClass and emerge suggestions for improvements. The results indicate that Open eClass is used to facilitate instructors convey material and information to students, while neither meaningful communication and interaction nor collaboration is performed adequately through the platform. However, the users have expressed a positive disposition towards utilizing these capabilities of the platform, as they recognize their fundamental importance to learning, especially during an economic crisis which constraints the physical presence of many students in classes. Therefore, the study proposes three, accommodating to all, systemically desirable and culturally feasible changes that could improve the situation, mainly based on pedagogy. Overall, this research contributes to existing knowledge about the usage of LMS regarding interaction and communication in a blended learning environment by providing a holistic view on users’ perceptions and identifying changes capable to bring about improvements.
Energy-Efficient and Secure Communication Toward UAV Networks

Wireless networks ensure the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) communicate and cooperate with each other, which plays an indispensable role among UAVs. The two crucial challenges in UAV wireless networks are energy saving and security. The current lightweight communication approaches lead to insufficient robustness of the encrypted transmission that is insecure. To address this issue, we propose a secure transmission approach with energy efficiency toward UAVs networks. We design a lightweight symmetric encryption algorithm based on SM4 and the relevant key negotiation and update mechanism to protect the confidentiality of communication contents. Moreover, a modified aggregative BLS signature scheme, together with the Merkle Hash tree (MHT), is introduced to guarantee the integrity and authenticity of data packets in transmission. Furthermore, we propose an online/offline revocable identity-based group signature (OORIBGS) scheme and integrate it into our framework for UAV anonymity, traceability, as well as revocability with small key management cost and high efficiency. We give detailed security analysis and prove that our proposal has the properties of data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity, as well as identity traceability and anonymity. Moreover, we apply our approach in the UAVs networks and evaluate the runtime and anti-attack performance. The experimental results show that the proposed method can be effectively used in UAVs secure communication.
Changing the (Video) Game: Innovation, User Satisfaction and Copyrights in Network Market Competition

This paper explores the emerging trend of user-generated content and innovation in the development of new products and ideas, breaking the traditional producer-consumer paradigm that once dominated the marketplace. In particular, the paper evaluates and compares the relationship between innovation and user satisfaction within the video game industry. To do so, the paper assesses data collected from the online communities of two very different games, Minecraft and Call of Duty in order to determine if there is a link between user-innovation and user-satisfaction in a product. The authors predict that more innovation in a game leads to more user satisfaction. The results of the research do not support this prediction. As observed in the online communities of the two games, there is no clear connection between high levels of innovation with higher user satisfaction. In fact, there is no direct connection between innovation and user satisfaction. However, Minecraft was found to be the more innovative game of the two and did have an overall higher level of user satisfaction than compared to Call of Duty. The data also suggests that Minecraft players experience a greater fluctuation in their enjoyment of the game compared to the players of the game with less innovation, Call of Duty. Finally, “radical innovation,” was only found in Minecraft and not in the game with less player-control. This paper then goes on to discuss the role of innovation and user-generated digital content within the realm of intellectual property law and the resulting copyright implications for video game producers and players alike.
HUMAN SENSITIVITY TO VIBRATION

This report is a result of a review of the susceptibility of human beings to mechanical vibrations which was carried out in connection with a study of highway bridge vibrations. In this report the scope of the study is limited to human reactions to mechanical vibrations. A comprehensive bibliography is appended to this report, covering original researches, other reviews and applications.