Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutualistic coupling of vocabulary and non‐verbal reasoning in children with and without language disorder

Abstract Mutualism is a developmental theory that posits positive reciprocal relationships between distinct cognitive abilities during development. It predicts that abilities such as language and reasoning will influence each other's rates of growth. This may explain why children with Language Disorders also tend to have lower than average non‐verbal cognitive abilities, as poor language would limit the rate of growth of other cognitive skills. The current study tests whether language and non‐verbal reasoning show mutualistic coupling in children with and without language disorder using three waves of data from a longitudinal cohort study that over‐sampled children with poor language at school entry (N = 501, 7–13 years). Bivariate Latent Change Score models were used to determine whether early receptive vocabulary predicted change in non‐verbal reasoning and vice‐versa. Models that included mutualistic coupling parameters between vocabulary and non‐verbal reasoning showed superior fit to models without these parameters, replicating previous findings. Specifically, children with higher initial language abilities showed greater growth in non‐verbal ability and vice versa. Multi‐group models suggested that coupling between language and non‐verbal reasoning was equally strong in children with language disorder and those without. This indicates that language has downstream effects on other cognitive abilities, challenging the existence of selective language impairments. Future intervention studies should test whether improving language skills in children with language disorder has positive impacts on other cognitive abilities (and vice versa), and low non‐verbal IQ should not be a barrier to accessing such intervention.
Elevated intraocular pressure in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A prospective study

Most childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) protocols include high‐dose steroid therapy. However, the known potential of high‐dose steroids to significantly elevate intraocular pressure (IOP) and lead to glaucomatous optic neuropathy has not been intensively investigated in children with ALL. Moreover, as children with ALL do not routinely undergo IOP measurements, the need for IOP monitoring and therapy is unknown. We prospectively measured IOP in 90 children with newly diagnosed ALL attending a tertiary paediatric haematology/oncology centre, at diagnosis and at the middle and end of induction therapy. Ocular hypertension (IOP > 21 mm Hg) at any time point was documented in 64 children (71%), and the prevalence increased during induction. Thirty‐six children (40%) had elevated IOP at ALL diagnosis before therapy initiation, and stratification to non‐standard ALL was a risk factor. IOP reduction therapy was administered to 13 children (14%); none required surgery. Values normalised in all cases. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, dexamethasone therapy was a significant risk factor for ocular hypertension. High body mass index was an additional risk factor in children with elevated IOP at ALL diagnosis. Routine evaluation of IOP during steroid therapy is very important in children with ALL to ensure early intervention which may prevent permanent ocular damage.
An Evaluation of 5-Year Web Analytics for HeadsUpGuys: A Men’s Depression E-Mental Health Resource

The present study reports an evaluation of web analytics, over a 5-year period, for HeadsUpGuys.org, an eHealth resource for men with depression. Google Analytics, Search Console, and Tag Manager were used to monitor user activity over the course of the website’s first 5 years (June 15, 2015–June 15, 2020). Through this period, HeadsUpGuys had a total of 1,665,356 unique users, amounting to 1,948,481 sessions and 3,328,258 page views. Organic traffic accounted for the highest proportion (53.44%; n = 1,041,277) of website sessions. Four of the top 10 Google search queries that brought users to the website related to suicidality. Three countries (United States, United Kingdom, Canada) accounted for almost three-quarters (71.10%; n = 1,385,485) of the site’s traffic. Nearly three-quarters (73.35%; n = 1,429,285) of sessions occurred on a mobile device. The goal conversion rate for the Self Check was 60.27%. The average time on page was 2 min 53 s, with a bounce rate of 65.92%, and an exit rate of 57.20%. The goal conversion rate for the Stress Test was 52.89%. The average time on page was 4 min 8 s, with a bounce rate of 72.40% and an exit rate of 48.88%. The conversion rate for the final goal was 11.53%, indicating that approximately one in 10 visitors to the site had a session of at least 3 min. The findings illustrate the potential of eHealth resources to support men’s mental health and provide a real-world benchmark to help advance the men’s eHealth field.
Mismatch‐induced growth reductions in a clade of Arctic‐breeding shorebirds are rarely mitigated by increasing temperatures

In seasonal environments subject to climate change, organisms typically show phenological changes. As these changes are usually stronger in organisms at lower trophic levels than those at higher trophic levels, mismatches between consumers and their prey may occur during the consumers’ reproduction period. While in some species a trophic mismatch induces reductions in offspring growth, this is not always the case. This variation may be caused by the relative strength of the mismatch, or by mitigating factors like increased temperature‐reducing energetic costs. We investigated the response of chick growth rate to arthropod abundance and temperature for six populations of ecologically similar shorebirds breeding in the Arctic and sub‐Arctic (four subspecies of Red Knot Calidris canutus, Great Knot C. tenuirostris and Surfbird C. virgata). In general, chicks experienced growth benefits (measured as a condition index) when hatching before the seasonal peak in arthropod abundance, and growth reductions when hatching after the peak. The moment in the season at which growth reductions occurred varied between populations, likely depending on whether food was limiting growth before or after the peak. Higher temperatures led to faster growth on average, but could only compensate for increasing trophic mismatch for the population experiencing the coldest conditions. We did not find changes in the timing of peaks in arthropod availability across the study years, possibly because our series of observations was relatively short; timing of hatching displayed no change over the years either. Our results suggest that a trend in trophic mismatches may not yet be evident; however, we show Arctic‐breeding shorebirds to be vulnerable to this phenomenon and vulnerability to depend on seasonal prey dynamics.
Risk Perception Issues in the use of Motorized Shoulder Belt/Manual Lap Belt Systems

Two experiments employed surveys to address seat belt experience and use as well as perceptions of risk associated with various seat belt configurations. In Experiment 1, a questionnaire was administered to two samples: 104 students at the University of Houston and 162 volunteers at a shopping mall in Raleigh, North Carolina. of primary interest was the use of manual lap belts in motorized shoulder belt systems and reasons for their use or non use. Results showed that compared to manual three point belts, usage rates for manual lap belts in the motorized system were lower. Forgetting and traveling a short distance were frequently cited as reasons for not fastening belts. Estimates of fatalities in a head-on collision scenario indicated lap belts and shoulder belts were perceived to provide equal protection. In Experiment 2, 147 students at the University of Houston completed a follow-up questionnaire. Usage patterns were virtually the same as in Experiment 1. Estimates of likelihood to use lap belts after viewing six different warnings about seat belt use showed warnings containing more explicit hazard information were likely to lead to higher use rates.
Exploring Survivor Experiences on Social Media in the #MeToo Era: Clinical Recommendations for Addressing Impacts on Mental Health and Relationships

Since the inception of the viral #MeToo Movement in 2017, news coverage of sexual assault incidents and related public discourse have become much more prevalent on social media platforms. While this hashtag activism has prompted important social discourse, little is known about how exposure to this type of trauma-related content affects survivors of sexual violence navigating these online spaces. To explore this phenomenon, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with young adult women survivors of sexual assault who regularly use social media (e.g., Facebook and Twitter). Participants were asked to reflect on sexual assault–related content (i.e., news stories and related public discourse) which they have observed on social media platforms. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data found survivors described (1) negative changes to their mental health and relationships in the face of these exposures, (2) certain types of content (e.g., rape culture narratives) which were particularly distressing to them, (3) how they coped with distress tied to this exposure, and (4) recommendations for clinicians on how to help survivors navigate social media in a healthier way. The present study is a first step toward understanding the impact of online social movements on trauma survivors and provides concrete clinical recommendations for therapists working with sexual assault survivors in this unique post-#MeToo context.
Implementation of remote asthma consulting in general practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: an evaluation using extended Normalisation Process Theory

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid and reactive deployment of remote consulting in UK general practice. The delivery of acute and chronic asthma care has been affected. Extended Normalisation Process Theory (eNPT) provides a framework for evaluating the implementation of new complex interventions in routine practice, including examination of how context–intervention interactions affect implementation. Aim To explore the implementation of remote asthma consulting in UK general practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design & setting Mixed-methods evaluation, which was informed by eNPT, in general practice in Northern Ireland. Method Data were collected from a range of healthcare professionals who provide asthma care using online questionnaires, interviews, and multidisciplinary focus groups. Analysis was informed by eNPT. Results Ten themes were identified to describe and explain the contribution of general practice staff to implementation of remote asthma consulting. Staff identified novel alternatives to in-person review. Having a practice champion to drive implementation forward, and engage other practice staff, was important. Patient, staff, and healthcare system-contextual factors influencing implementation were identified including access to, understanding of, and willingness to use the technology required for remote consulting. Conclusion The experiences of frontline healthcare professionals in this study indicate that remote asthma consulting has potential benefits in terms of access and effectiveness when implementation integrates seamlessly with face-to-face care for those who want or need it. Work is required at practice and healthcare system levels to realise this potential, and ensure implementation does not exacerbate existing healthcare inequalities.
Pregnane X Receptor and the Gut-Liver Axis: A Recent Update

It is well-known that the pregnane X receptor (PXR)/Nr1i2 is a critical xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor enriched in liver and intestine and is responsible for drug-drug interactions, due to its versatile ligand binding domain (LBD) and target genes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation. PXR can be modulated by various xenobiotics including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, dietary factors, and environmental chemicals. Microbial metabolites such as certain secondary bile acids (BAs) and the tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) are endogenous PXR activators. Gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important regulator for host xenobiotic biotransformation and intermediary metabolism. PXR regulates and is regulated by the gut-liver axis. This review summarizes recent research advancements leveraging pharmaco- and toxico-metagenomic approaches that have redefined the previous understanding of PXR. Key topics covered in this review include: (1) genome-wide investigations on novel PXR-target genes, novel PXR-DNA interaction patterns, and novel PXR-targeted intestinal bacteria; (2) key PXR-modulating activators and suppressors of exogenous and endogenous sources; (3) novel bidirectional interactions between PXR and gut microbiome under physiologic, pathophysiological, pharmacological, and toxicological conditions; and (4) modifying factors of PXR-signaling including species and sex differences and time (age, critical windows of exposure, and circadian rhythm). The review also discusses critical knowledge gaps and important future research topics centering around PXR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This review summarizes recent research advancements leveraging O’mics approaches that have redefined the previous understanding of the xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR). Key topics include: (1) genome-wide investigations on novel PXR-targeted host genes and intestinal bacteria as well as novel PXR-DNA interaction patterns; (2) key PXR modulators including microbial metabolites under physiological, pathophysiological, pharmacological, and toxicological conditions; and (3) modifying factors including species, sex, and time.
Calibration of Trust in Automated Driving: A Matter of Initial Level of Trust and Automated Driving Style?

Objective Automated driving is becoming a reality, and such technology raises new concerns about human–machine interaction on road. This paper aims to investigate factors influencing trust calibration and evolution over time. Background Numerous studies showed trust was a determinant in automation use and misuse, particularly in the automated driving context. Method Sixty-one drivers participated in an experiment aiming to better understand the influence of initial level of trust (Trustful vs. Distrustful) on drivers’ behaviors and trust calibration during two sessions of simulated automated driving. The automated driving style was manipulated as positive (smooth) or negative (abrupt) to investigate human–machine early interactions. Trust was assessed over time through questionnaires. Drivers’ visual behaviors and take-over performances during an unplanned take-over request were also investigated. Results Results showed an increase of trust over time, for both Trustful and Distrustful drivers regardless the automated driving style. Trust was also found to fluctuate over time depending on the specific events handled by the automated vehicle. Take-over performances were not influenced by the initial level of trust nor automated driving style. Conclusion Trust in automated driving increases rapidly when drivers’ experience such a system. Initial level of trust seems to be crucial in further trust calibration and modulate the effect of automation performance. Long-term trust evolutions suggest that experience modify drivers’ mental model about automated driving systems. Application In the automated driving context, trust calibration is a decisive question to guide such systems’ proper utilization, and road safety.
Characteristics of Embedded-Shock-Free Compressible Vortex Rings: A Detailed Study Using PIV

The present study focus on evolution of compressible vortex ring generated at the open end of a shock tube through accurate measurement of velocity field using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). To investigate the unsteady characteristics of embedded shock-free, low Mach number vortex rings, two cases (shock Mach numbers, M=1.27 and M=1.37) are considered for PIV measurements. Time-dependent variations of circulation, core and ring diameters, and ring velocity are calculated from the measured velocity field. Pinching-off process is investigated in detail for both cases. Formation time and the time of complete detachment of the vortex ring from the trailing jet are identified from the velocity and vorticity field. The ring formation is complete at about t * (=tU b /D)=1.75 and 1.65 for M=1.27 and 1.37, respectively, where t is time, U b is fluid velocity behind the shock at exit, and D is tube diameter. Complete detachment of the vortex ring from the trailing jet is observed at t ∗ = 2 and 2.9 for M=1.27 and 1.37, respectively.
Risk of mortality from anemia and iron overload in nontransfusion‐dependent β‐thalassemia

comes in patients with sickle cell disease and COVID-19 infection. Blood Adv. 2021;5:207-215. 5. Motta I, Migone de Amicis M, Pinto VM, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in beta thalassemia: preliminary data from the Italian experience. Am J Hematol. 2020;95:E198-E199. 6. Trafane LF, da Costa VA, da Silva Santos Duarte A, et al. Low SARSCoV-2 seroprevalence in a cohort of Brazilian sickle cell disease patients: possible effects of emphasis on social isolation for a population initially considered to be at very high risk. eJHaem. 2021;2:478482. doi:10.1002/jha2.254
Introducing a Subject Matter Expert–Based Utility Analysis Approach to Assessing the Utility of Organizational Interventions Such as Crew Resource Management Training

Utility analysis is a series of statistical procedures used to quantify the fiscal gains accrued from implementing human resource management interventions (e.g., training programs) over their associated costs. Although empirical evaluation studies are typically used to generate the required utility parameters, particular circumstances might make it difficult if not impossible to conduct such studies. In response to situations where it is not possible to conduct formal empirical evaluation studies, we present a subject matter expert (SME)-based approach to implementing utility analysis-based evaluations using a crew resource management (CRM) case study in commercial aviation as an illustrative example. The SME-based approach was effective in generating utility estimates when traditional methods of utility analyses were not feasible.
Decision support system for water transfer evaluation

A decision support system (DSS) is developed to help decision makers analyze the economic, social, and ecological ramifications of water transfers. Such a DSS is needed because the U.S. is evolving from a development water economy to a more complex one that emphasizes conservation and reallocation (i.e., transfers). The DSS is composed of three main modules: (1) a conjunctive surface-ground water model, (2) the impact analysis segment which uses a geographical information system that integrates model output with information from the study area to estimate economic, social, and ecological impacts, and (3) a multicriteria decision making algorithm that ranks the transfer schemes based on trade-offs of indicators which are assembled into a hierarchical structure. A case study in which 10 different water transfer alternatives are examined is provided to demonstrate an application of the proposed DSS.
Physical inactivity and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescent students

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study with stratified proportional sampling by clusters, conducted in Goiânia, GO, in 2018. The sample included 516 adolescent students, 277 from part-time school and 239 from full-time school. To assess the level of physical activity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied. Screening for symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress was assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the categorical variables. The univariate General Linear Model (GLM) was adopted to compare continuous variables. Homogeneity correction was performed using the Levene test. The level of significance adopted was 5%.
Uptake and Predictors of Newly Introduced Vaccines in Malawi – Monovalent Human Rotavirus Vaccine and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines. Evidence from the 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the uptake and predictors of monovalent human rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Malawi. Methods: This study utilized cross-sectionl data obtained from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. The vaccination uptake was defined as children aged 12-35 months who received all two doses for rotavirus vaccines and all three doses for pneumococcal vaccines before first birthday. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors related to uptake of pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination. Results: The uptake of rotavirus vaccine was 90.96% whilst of pneumococcal vaccine was 88.84%. The multivariate results show that children born to women with no formal education, who did not have postnatal care for the baby within two weeks, had no vaccination card/had vaccination card but its whereabouts was not known were less likely to achieve vaccination uptake. Furthermore, children from northern region had increased odds of achieving vaccination uptake. Conclusions: Strategies aimed at increasing further uptake of rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines in Malawi should increase women’s education so as to improve health related knowledge including vaccination.
The color of finance words∗

We study a standard machine learning algorithm (Taddy, 2013) to measure sentiment in financial documents. Our empirical approach relies on stock price reactions to color words, providing as output dictionaries of positive and negative words. In head-to-head comparisons, our dictionaries outperform the standard bag-of-words approach (Loughran and McDonald, 2011) when predicting stock price movements out-of-sample. By comparing their composition, word-by-word, our method refines and expands the sentiment dictionaries in the literature. The breadth of our dictionaries and their ability to disambiguate words using bigrams both help to color finance discourse better. JEL classification: D82, G14.
Quasars as standard candles-III. Validation of a new sample for cosmological studies

We present a new catalogue of ∼2400 optically selected quasars with spectroscopic redshifts and X-ray observations from either Chandra or XMM–Newton. The sample can be used to investigate the non-linear relation between the ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray luminosity of quasars as well as to build a Hubble diagram up to a redshift of z ∼ 7.5. We selected sources that are neither reddened by dust in the optical and UV nor obscured by gas in the X-rays, and whose X-ray fluxes are free from flux-limit-related biases. After checking for any possible systematics, we confirm, in agreement with our previous works, that the X-ray to UV relation provides distance estimates matching those from supernovae up to z ∼ 1.5, and its slope shows no redshift evolution up to z ∼ 5. We provide a full description of the methodology for testing cosmological models, further supporting a trend whereby the Hubble diagram of quasars is well reproduced by the standard flat cold dark matter model up to z ∼ 1.5–2, but strong deviations emerge at higher redshifts. Since we have minimised all non-negligible systematic effects and proven the stability of the LX − LUV relation at high redshifts, we conclude that an evolution of the expansion rate of the Universe should be considered as a possible explanation for the observed deviation, rather than some systematic (redshift-dependent) effect associated with high-redshift quasars.