Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DigitalCommons@SHU DigitalCommons@SHU

Many factors contribute to the determination of top executive compensation. This paper explores and examines the systematic difference of high-tech and low-tech CEO pays. It examines the relationship between top executive compensation and an Organizational factor, a Market factor and an Accounting factor. It tests CEO’s salary, bonus, and long-term compensation with respect to corporate reputation, ROE, Tobin’s Q, CEO shareholding and firm size. The results show that CEOs’ Salaries at high-tech firms shows a significantly positive relationship with ROE, Tobin’s Q, and corporate reputation, while only corporate reputation shows a significant relationship with CEOs’ salaries at low-tech firms. In addition, both the high-tech and low-tech firm executives’ total compensation are significantly and positively related to Tobin’s Q, and corporate reputation. Similar results are reported with Long-term compensation. In general, high-tech firms tend to use more sophisticated performance measures for the determination of CEO compensation, while low-tech firms seem to use a simple performance measure such as corporate reputation.
Unlocking Slot Attention by Changing Optimal Transport Costs

Slot attention is a successful method for object-centric modeling with images and 1 videos for tasks like unsupervised object discovery. However, set-equivariance lim- 2 its its ability to perform tiebreaking, which makes distinguishing similar structures 3 difficult – a task crucial for vision problems. To fix this, we cast cross-attention 4 in slot attention as an optimal transport (OT) problem that has solutions with the 5 desired tiebreaking properties. We then propose an entropy minimization module 6 that combines the tiebreaking properties of unregularized OT with the speed of 7 regularized OT. We evaluate our method on CLEVR object detection and observe 8 significant improvements from 53% to 91% on a strict average precision metric.
Analysis of Food Provider Performance with Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of work ability, budget participation, and spirit at work on performance, as well as to determine the mediating role of work motivation in the relationship between work ability, budget participation, spirit at work, and performance. The research was conducted with a sample of 99 food providers in the Semampir and Kenjeran districts of Surabaya City, where the owners also participated as respondents and managers. Primary data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to the participants, and data analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results of the study reveal that 1) an improvement in work ability significantly enhances performance, 2) budget participation does not have a significant impact on performance, 3) high spirit at work can lead to a significant improvement in performance, 4) work motivation does not mediate the relationship between work ability and performance, 5) on the other hand, work motivation acts as a mediator between budget participation and performance. The more involvement in budget determination, the higher the work motivation. 6) Work motivation does not mediate the relationship between spirit at work and performance, as spirit at work directly influences performance without the need for work motivation as an intermediary.
Another Geological Disaster besides Earthquakes in Nepal: The Challenge of Eliminating Arsenic from Contaminated Groundwater in the Lowlands of the Country

The lowlands of Nepal are severely affected by the arsenic (As) crisis causing serious health issues to the inhabitants using As contaminated groundwater as drinking water. The problem in Nepal has been more or less disregarded – whereas in other countries (e. g,. Bangladesh) the problem had been recognized much earlier. There is clear evidence that the As concentration in groundwater is hardly dependent of climatic seasons whereas the concentration of Fe in groundwater is widely variable in pre- and post-monsoon. A substantial portion of this element is retained by clay minerals. During pre-monsoon clayey sediments are chemically weathered losing Na and K thus remaining relatively enriched in immobile compound like Fe and Al but as long as reduced conditions persist, As remains mobile. This article includes a brief overview on the overall situation concerning the issue of arsenic in groundwater as well as a discussion of the weak correlation or decoupling of aqueous As and Fe in the groundwater and the original reservoir of arsenic being incorporated in clay minerals and mitigation options. The study also shades light on some socio-economic impacts of such changes on the livelihood of marginal communities residing downstream the affected areas.
Indigenous modernity and its malcontents: family, religion and tradition in highland Ecuador

A growing body of work on modern indigenous culture in the Andes has focused on various aspects of an urban, transnational and cosmopolitan identity. However, what does indigenous modernity mean in the poorest region of highland Ecuador, where indigenous identity continues to be associated with rural traditions, poverty, and racialised marginalisation? This research is based on ethnographic fieldwork in two rural communities in the canton of Guamote in central Ecuador. Looking at narratives of family life, religion, and tradition, it explores ambivalent engagements with modernity. In less than forty years Guamote has been transformed dramatically. Once the heartland of both the Catholic Church and the haciendas, land and local government is now in indigenous control, whilst Protestantism is steadily gaining converts in the communities. Meanwhile, the local economy has become dependent on domestic migration to the coast and the highland cities. However despite wide-ranging social, cultural and economic changes, Guamote remains an extremely poor and marginalised region. Rising aspirations have not been met and modernisation has brought its own problems. How has this frustrated modernity affected ethnic identity in Guamote? This thesis argues that, rather than understanding indigenous modernity as the hybridisation of tradition and modernity, it is more productive to look at the contemporary interaction of two frameworks of indigeneity - relatedness and alterity - that both have their roots in the colonial and postcolonial Andes. Through negotiating these related but distinct ways of being indigenous, people in Guamote make various decisions with regard to family, religion and tradition. In their nuanced and pragmatic responses to lives stretched out between city and community, and even between opposed religions, Guamotenos complicate the dichotomies of urban/rural and traditional/modern. Through stories of work and education, migration and conversion, drinking and dancing, this research explores what it means to be modern and indigenous in Ecuador.
On the determinability of all of the self‐ and mutual resistances in a grounded electrode array

In the geophysical electrical resistivity method, arrays of electrodes are commonly deployed on the Earth's surface. In electrical power engineering applications, arrays of electrodes are often connected in parallel in order to reduce the total resistance to ground. The electrical characteristics of an array of N electrodes can be fully described by N self‐resistances and N(N−1)/2 mutual resistances for a total of N(N+1)/2 independent parameters which represent the coefficients of an N by N symmetric matrix. Typically, certain linear combinations of the mutual resistances are measured during a geophysical electrical resistivity survey while protocols of specific measurements are used to determine self‐resistances. In this contribution, I investigate whether it is possible to determine all of the self‐ and mutual resistances for an array and hence capture all possible information. I assume that measurements of potential and current can be made at each electrode and that any combination of series and parallel current injections between the electrodes can be made. I show that all N(N+1)/2 resistances can only be determined uniquely if current and voltage reference electrodes that are external to the array are used. If only an external current electrode or only an external voltage reference is used then only N(N+1)/2−1 independent measurements can be made and the system is underdetermined. If only electrodes within the array itself are available only, N(N−1)/2 independent measurements can be made and the system is strongly underdetermined. The procedure outlined here also gives a general prescription for calculating the completeness and redundancy of any given array.
The impact of socioeconomic factors, social determinants, and ethnicity on the utilization of glucose sensor technology among persons with diabetes mellitus: a narrative review

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) usage has been shown to improve disease outcomes in people living with diabetes by facilitating better glycemic management. However, previous research has suggested that access to these devices can be influenced by nonmedical factors such as socioeconomic status and ethnicity. It is critical that equitable access to CGM devices is ensured as people from those groups experience poorer diabetes-related health outcomes. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the various healthcare systems worldwide and how socioeconomic status, social context, and ethnicity shape device usage and the associated health outcomes. In general, we found that having a lower socioeconomic status and belonging to an ethnic minority group negatively impact CGM usage. While financial means proved to be an important mediator in this process, it was not the sole driver as disparities persisted even after adjustment for factors such as income and insurance status. Recommendations to increase CGM usage for people of a lower socioeconomic status and ethnic minorities include increasing the availability of financial, administrative, and educational support, for both patients and healthcare providers. However, recommendations will vary due to local country-specific circumstances, such as reimbursement criteria and healthcare ecosystems.
Association of serum anti-mullerian hormone concentration with fertility status of crossbred (Vrindavani) cows

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is considered a biomarker of ovarian follicular reserve and fertility in humans and farm animals. A study was carried out to evaluate the peripheral AMH concentration in high and low fertile crossbred cows. Vrindavani crossbred cows (n=60) at the institutional dairy farm were used for the study. The age-specific decline in AMH concentration was evident, with the highest concentration at 4-6 years (134.8±17.74 pg/mL) corresponding to second to third parity. Retrospective assessment of fertility using 217 lactation records in crossbred cows revealed that circulatory AMH was higher by 69 pg/mL in the high fertile cows than those of low fertile cows. It was concluded that the serum AMH concentration was influenced by age and parity. Further, serum AMH concentrations were found to be higher in the group of cows that had superior fertility records in comparison to the group with low-performing animals.
The Role of Snow-Related Environmental Variables in Plant Conservation Plans in the Mediterranean Mountains

This study aims to analyze the effects that snow cover may have on the survival of one-year-old seedlings from 15 different taxa in the Mediterranean high mountains (Sierra Nevada National Park, SE Spain) in order to have clearer criteria for the planning and management of restoration efforts in these environments. Additionally, the influence of variables that have been scarcely explored up to now is also revised. We use the survival rates of the seedlings observed from the ecological restoration trial as reference values. The survival data analyzed are based on six variables to evaluate their effects. The results confirm that the permanence of snow is a favorable factor for seedlings, independent of the plant community. Contrastingly, a specific type of foundation (stones and rocks) stands out for being clearly unfavorable, regardless of other variables. For both altitude and solar radiation, a worsening of the survival ratio has been observed as they increase. The species’ geographic ranges are all shown to be unfavorable for taxa of a boreo-alpine distribution. Finally, the plant community does not have a significant influence on the survival of seedlings. These results provide novel indications to improve the results of the first stages of restoration work in the Mediterranean high mountains. They are also valuable for the management and cataloging of threatened flora, as well as having direct applications in recovery plans and protection lists.
The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on phosphorus release from riparian macrophytes in cold regions

Abstract Storage and removal of nutrients by wetlands and riparian areas is an important process in understanding catchment nutrient fluxes and in helping to mitigate current issues of eutrophication in many regions. In cold climates, strong seasonality affects natural wetlands and those constructed for water treatment alike, raising important questions about how ecosystems can be managed to maximize nutrient retention in the landscape, particularly in light of rapid and ongoing wetland loss. This study assessed how freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) affect the release of phosphorus (P) from common riparian macrophytes (Typha spp). The goal was to understand whether the freeze-thaw processes could drive enhanced nutrient release as has been shown for agricultural residues, but which has not previously been assessed in riparian vegetation. Given the rapid expansion of Phragmites australis in parts of the study area, this study also tested the effects of FTC on P release from Phragmites tissue. A common experimental protocol was used across 11 wetlands in three regions of Canada. These results demonstrate the potential for FTCs to induce P release from macrophyte tissue, although this is not observed in all cases. The impact of FTCs on P release was greatest and most consistent when samples were collected earlier in the growing season. Release rates were positively correlated with plant P content. This suggests that the degree of plant senescence may play a role in determining the response to FTCs. Typha and Phragmites showed similar responses to FTCs, suggesting that the importance of this process does not depend on the dominant taxon. Sequential FTCs led to further enhancement of P release from macrophyte tissue. The results from this study suggest that specific management such as harvesting Typha during the growing season, may mitigate the potential for P release due to FTCs.
Effectiveness of Sports Nutrition Education Based on Self-Determination Theory for Male University Rowing Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

To resolve problems in the dietary life of university athletes, education is essential to enable athletes to change their own dietary behavior. The purpose of this research was to verify the effectiveness of sports nutrition education based on self-determination theory (SDT). The participants were 36 male university rowers. A stratified randomized comparison test was conducted by student year (SDT group and control group). Sports nutrition education was held three times, via an Internet conferencing system. Furthermore, group work over social media was used for the SDT group. Four evaluations were carried out based on anthropometric measurements, a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ), sports nutrition knowledge test (SNK), and treatment self-regulation questionnaire (TSRQ). The results showed no differences between the two groups. However, for the intragroup factor, “Protein”, a significant difference was evident in the self-determination theory group (50.0 ± 28.5, 78.6 ± 28.1, 81.0 ± 21.5, p < 0.000, units: %) and improved knowledge (p = 0.002, p = 0.002). And for the BDHQ, the self-determination theory group also showed significant differences and increased their intake of green and yellow vegetables, fruits, and dairy products (159.1 ± 74.2–126.7 ± 70.6, p = 0.009, 306.0 ± 196.2–195.2 ± 146.1, p = 0.020, 257.0 ± 147.0–183.3 ± 167.9, p = 0.040, units: g). In conclusion, sports nutrition education based on SDT improved dietary knowledge and increased food requirements for athletes.
Comment on “An Assessment of the ICE‐6G_C (VM5a) Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Model” by Purcell et al.

The most recently published model of the glacial isostatic adjustment process in the ICE‐NG (VMX) sequence from the University of Toronto, denoted ICE‐6G_C (VM5a), was originally developed to degree and order 256 in spherical harmonics and has been shown to provide accurate fits to a voluminous database of GPS observations from North America, Eurasia, and Antarctica, to time dependent gravity data being provided by the GRACE satellites, and to radiocarbon‐dated relative sea level histories through the Holocene epoch. The authors of the Purcell et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012742) paper have suggested this model to be flawed. We have produced a further version of our model, denoted ICE‐6G_D (VM5a), by employing the same BEDMAP2 bathymetry for the Southern Ocean as employed in their analysis which has somewhat reduced the differences between our results. However, significant physically important differences remain, including the magnitude of present‐day vertical crustal motion in the embayments and in the spectrum of Stokes coefficients for present‐day geoid height time dependence which continues to “flatten” at high spherical harmonic degree. We explore the reasons for these differences and trace them to the use by Purcell et al. of a loading history for the embayments that differs significantly from that tabulated for both the original and modified versions of our model.
The Effect of Creative Problem-Solving Model to Enhance Scientific Creativity: Study in Static Fluid Physics Learning

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how applying the Creative Problem-Solving model in physics classes affects students' scientific creativity when studying static fluids and how applying the model can improve students' scientific creativity. This study employed a quasi-experimental method, with the population of focus being 11th-grade science students at SMAN 4 South Tangerang, totaling 200 students. The sample in this study involves 78 students selected through the purposive sampling technique and divided into two groups (experimental and control), each comprising 39 students. Both groups were assessed for their skills through pretests and post-tests. The instruments used in this research consisted of 5 structured essay questions referring to three indicators of scientific creativity dimensions developed by Hu and Adey. The result of this study shows that the data generated, based on the Mann-Whitney U test, indicates a significant difference between the post-test scores of the two groups, with a Sig. Value of 0.000, which is below 0.05. The N-gain results also showed a gain of 0.56 in the experimental group and 0.43 in the control group. In conclusion, the Creative Problem-Solving model influenced students' scientific creativity, and it effectively improved students' scientific creativity. The research implications suggest that teachers should implement this teaching method to improve students' scientific creativity skills, enabling them to actively and skillfully address various complex problems in everyday life.
Chitosan–Silica Composite Aerogel for the Adsorption of Cupric Ions

A chitosan–silica hybrid aerogel was synthesized and presented as a potential adsorbent for the purification of cupric ion-contaminated media. The combination of the organic polymer (chitosan), which can be obtained from fishery wastes, with silica produced a mostly macroporous material with an average pore diameter of 33 µm. The obtained aerogel was extremely light (56 kg m−3), porous (96% porosity, 17 cm3 g−1 pore volume), and presented a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SBET) of 2.05 m2 g−1. The effects of solution pH, aerogel and Cu(II) concentration, contact time, and counterion on cupric removal with the aerogel were studied. Results showed that the initial pH of the cation-containing aqueous solution had very little influence on the removal performance of this aerogel. According to Langmuir isotherm, this material can remove a maximum amount of ca. 40 mg of cupric ions per gram and the kinetic data showed that the surface reaction was the rate-limiting step and equilibrium was quickly reached (in less than one hour). Thus, the approach developed in this study enabled the recovery of waste for the preparation of a novel material, which can be efficiently reused in a new application, namely water remediation.
Aroma Characteristics of Green Huajiao in Sichuan and Chongqing Area Using Sensory Analysis Combined with GC-MS

Green huajiao has a unique flavor and is widely used in cooking as an edible spice. In this study, the intensity of overall aroma and aroma attributes of seven green huajiao samples from the Sichuan and Chongqing regions were evaluated using a dynamic dilution olfactometer and ranking descriptive analysis (RDA) technology. The volatile compounds and major aroma components were determined by GC-MS in combination with odor activity value (OAV) analysis. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was further used to identify the key aromas contributing to the aroma sensory attributes. Seven green huajiao samples were categorized into three groups: (1) huajiao samples from Liangshan have a strong intensity of pungent, floral and herbal aromas and a medium-high intensity of sweet aroma, and the key contributing aroma compounds were α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, myrcene, ocimene and linalool; (2) huajiao samples from Panzhihua and Hongya have a strong intensity of citrusy, lemony and minty aromas, and the key contributing aroma compound was linalool; and (3) the huajiao sample from the Chongqing region was categorized into a separate group and was characterized by a medium-high intensity of green, minty and sweet aromas, and the main aroma compounds are ocimene, citronellal and α-terpineol. These results provide useful basic data for evaluating the aroma quality and analyzing the key aroma characteristics of green huajiao in the Sichuan and Chongqing regions.