Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Six Machine-Learning Methods for Predicting the Tensile Strength (Brazilian) of Evaporitic Rocks

Rock tensile strength (TS) is an important parameter for the initial design of engineering applications. The Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) test is suggested by the International Society of Rock Mechanics and the American Society for Testing Materials and is widely used to assess the TS of rocks indirectly. Evaporitic rock blocks were collected from Al Ain city in the United Arab Emirates. Samples were tested, and a database of 48 samples was created. Although previous studies have applied different methods such as adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and linear regression for BTS prediction, we are not aware of any study that employed regularization techniques, such as the Elastic Net, Ridge, and Lasso, and Keras based sequential neural network models. These techniques are powerful feature selection tools that can prevent overfitting to improve model performance and prediction accuracy. In this study, six algorithms, namely, the classical best subsets, three regularization techniques, and artificial neural networks with two application-programming interfaces (Keras on TensorFlow and Neural Net) were used to determine the best predictive model for the BTS. The models were compared through ten-fold cross-validation. The obtained results revealed that the model based on Keras on TensorFlow outperformed all the other considered models.
Determination of cadmium, iron and tin in home-made Brazilian sugar cane spirit, cachaça by graphite furnace absorption spectrometry using matrix matching calibration

Summary: This work reports methods to determine cadmium, iron and tin in home-made Brazilian sugar cane spirit, cachaca using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) employing matrix matching calibration and zirconium thermally deposited (520 g) as permanent modifier for iron and tin and none modifier use for cadmium. For Cd, Fe and Sn, the obtained charactetisc characteristic masses (1% absorption) were 0.2; 6.5 and 1.6 pg, with recommended characteristic masses of 0.5, 10 and 5 pg, respectively (Perkin Elmer, Newart, USA). The limits of detection (3, n=10) were 0.04 pg, 20 and 2.5 pg for Cd, Fe and Sn, respectively. Matrix matching calibration curves (aqueous solutions 40% v/v in ethanol) presented r 2 (linear regression coefficient) greater than 0.999 for all analytes. Two samples of cachaca spiked with 0.75, 1.25 and 1.75 µg L -1 showed recoveries from 90.2 to 112.5% for Cd. For iron, the spikes were 30, 60 and 90 µg L -1 and recoveries varied between 96.7 to 111.2%, while for tin samples spiked with 15, 25 and 35 µg L -1 , recoveries
The Public Relations Role Towards the Success of Waste Collecting Point Program in Banda Aceh

This study attempted to determine the role of Public Relation (PR) of Banda Aceh’s Environmental, Cleanliness, and the Beauty of the City Agency on the “Waste Collecting Point (WCP) program. The theory used was role theory developed by Redfield, Linton, and Herskovits. The method which was being used was descriptive qualitative, which the subject of the study was PR division and societies. The finding showed that PR division played a very important role in the success of Waste Collecting Point (WCP) program from the beginning until the outcome being shown on the cleanliness of the districts. Starting from the socialization process, the program showed significant success. Persuasive communication was being used to conduct the program. PR division made initial socialization by informing the societies about the danger of the waste if not managed properly then followed by monthly evaluation on the cleaning leader.
Porosity‐Permeability Evolution During Simultaneous Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation

Permeability in reactive porous media evolves in complex ways that are hard to predict. Macroscopic empirical equations are often used to estimate permeability evolution but fail to reflect the impact of pore scale reactions on permeability. This work aims to understand the evolution of permeability in systems where mineral dissolution and precipitation occur simultaneously. Pore network models are used for permeability simulation of a Paluxy sandstone using pore and pore‐throat size distributions from the analysis of X‐ray CT images. Pore and pore‐throat radii are increased and decreased to reflect the effects of dissolution and precipitation reactions. Varying spatial distributions of reactions are simulated and the resulting porosity and permeability values compared with commonly used macroscopic equations. It is observed that when dissolution occurs at the inlet and precipitation at the outlet, porosity increases while permeability decreases. Similar results are also observed in the respective opposite scenario where precipitation occurs at the inlet and dissolution at the outlet. When dissolution and precipitation reactions are randomly distributed throughout the network, porosity increases with little change in permeability that is not captured by the empirical equations. When reactions are controlled by pore and pore‐throat sizes, such as dissolution occurring in pores and pore‐throats of small size and precipitation in pores and pore‐throats of larger size, porosity and permeability decrease. When precipitation occurs in pores and pore‐throats of smaller size and dissolution in pores and pore‐throats of larger size, porosity and permeability increase and is described relatively well by the Verma‐Pruess porosity‐permeability equation.
Shoot Production and Mineral Nutrients of Five Microgreens as Affected by Hydroponic Substrate Type and Post-Emergent Fertilization

As a new specialty crop with high market value, microgreens are vegetable or herb seedlings consumed at a young age, 7–21 days after germination. They are known as functional food with high concentrations of mineral nutrients and health beneficial phytochemicals. Microgreen industry lacks standardized recommendations on cultural practices including species/variety selection, substrate choice, and fertilization management. This study evaluated shoot growth and mineral nutrient concentrations in five microgreens including four Brassica and one Raphanus microgreens as affected by four hydroponic pad types and post-emergent fertilization in two experiments in January and February 2020. The five microgreens varied in their shoot height, fresh, dry shoot weights, and mineral nutrient concentrations with radish producing the highest fresh and dry shoot weights. Radish had the highest nitrogen (N) concentration and mustard had the highest phosphorus (P) concentrations when grown with three hydroponic pads except for hemp mat. Hydroponic pad type altered fresh, dry shoot weights, and mineral nutrients in tested microgreens. Microgreens in hemp mat showed the highest shoot height, fresh, dry shoot weights, and potassium (K) concentration, but the lowest N concentration in one or two experiments. One time post-emergent fertilization generally increased shoot height, fresh, dry shoot weights, and macronutrient concentrations in microgreens.
Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity against Drug-Resistant Microbes of Essential Oil from Withania frutescens L.

This work was conducted to study the chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of essential oil and hydrolat from Withania frutescens. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. The chemical characterization was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was studied using four different assays (DPPH, TAC, FRAP, and β-carotene bleaching). The antibacterial activity test was carried out on multidrug-resistant bacteria including Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. Antifungal activity was tested on Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yield of essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation of W. frutescens was 0.31% majorly composed of camphor, α-thujone, carvacrol, and thymol. Regarding the antioxidant activities, the concentration of the sample required to inhibit 50% of radicals (IC50) of EO and hydrolat were 14.031 ± 0.012 and 232.081 ± 3.047 µg/mL (DPPH), 4.618 ± 0.045 and 8.997 ± 0.147 µg/mL (FRAP), 0.091 ± 0.007 and 0.131 ± 0.004 mg AAE/mg (TAC), 74.141 ± 1.040% and 40.850 ± 0.083% (β-carotene), respectively. Concerning the antibacterial activity of essential oil and hydrolat, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values found were 0.006 ± 0.001 and 6.125 ± 0.541 µg/mL (Escherichia coli 57), 0.003 ± 0.001 and 6.125 ± 0.068 µg/mL (Klebsiella pneumoniae), 0.001 ± 0.0 and 6.125 ± 0.046 µg/mL (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 0.012 ± 0.003 and 6.125 ± 0.571 µg/mL (Staphylococcus aureus), respectively. MIC values of essential oil and hydrolat vs. both C. albicans and S. cerevisiae were lower than 1/20,480 µg/mL. Based on the findings obtained, essential oils of Withania frutescens can be used as promising natural agents to fight free radical damage and nosocomial antibiotic-resistant microbes.
Quantifying the effects of intraspecific variation on predator feeding rates through nonlinear averaging

Handling Editor: Shawn Leroux Abstract 1. Theory suggests that intraspecific trait variation will alter species interaction strengths through nonlinear averaging when interaction strengths are nonlinear functions of individuals' traits. This effect is expected to be widespread, yet what factors mediate its magnitude in nature and hence its potential effects on ecosystems and communities are unclear. 2. We sought to quantify how nonlinear predator functional responses, variation in prey densities and counteracting variation in attack rates and handling times among predator individuals of similar body size alter their populationlevel feeding rates through nonlinear averaging in a natural system, and to determine the processes influencing the net magnitude of this effect. 3. We used a field caging experiment in the rocky intertidal of Oregon, USA to quantify attackrate variation and feeding rates of the whelk Nucella ostrina on its barnacle and mussel prey. We also used empirically parameterized simulations to examine the effects of handlingtime variation among individuals on populationlevel feeding rates. 4. Within cages, individual attackrate variation reduced populationlevel whelk feeding rates. However, the magnitude of this reduction differed among prey species and cages depending on cagespecific magnitudes of attackrate variation and functionalresponse nonlinearity. The inferred effects of handlingtime variation among individuals were of smaller magnitude than those of attackrate variation, yet counteracted them to cause a net weakening of the effect of individual attackrate variation on populationlevel feeding rates. Across cages, attackrate and preydensity variation had nonadditive effects that produced greater feedingrate reductions at the experiment scale relative to the cage scale. 5. Our results indicate that the effects of trait variation via nonlinear averaging depend critically on the features of systems that determine the magnitudes of nonlinearities and trait variation. Because of counteracting trait variation, nonlinearaveraging effects may be quite complex, involving both the variances and covariances of all traits and environmental variables influencing the ecological process of interest.
Chromian spinel during melting experiments of dry peridotite (KLB-1) at 1.0–2.5 GPa

Abstract The stability and chemistry of chromian spinel were determined for dry mantle (spinel lherzolite) melting at pressures between 1.0 and 2.5 GPa and temperatures between 1250 and 1500 ∞C. To find the most suitable sample container, we tested three different possibilities at 1.5 GPa: a Pt capsule, a Re/Pt capsule, and a graphite/Pt capsule. The oxygen fugacity of the run products with Pt, Re/Pt, and graphite/Pt are FMQ + 4 to 5, -2 to 0, and < -10, respectively. We conclude that the Re/Pt capsule is most suitable for melting experiments of dry peridotite at high temperatures and the oxygen fugacity similar to that of the terrestrial upper mantle, which has been estimated to be near FMQ. Using Re/ Pt capsules, batch-melting experiments of a dry spinel lherzolite from Kilborne Hole (KLB-1) were performed. Our experimental results and natural mantle peridotites are significantly different in terms of the stability field and the Cr/(Cr + Al) atomic ratio (= Cr') of chromian spinel. Spinel, which is common in natural mantle peridotite regardless of their bulk chemistry, disappeared at a much lower degree of melting in our experiments. The upper limit of the Cr' of spinel just before its disappearance decreases rapidly from 0.45 to 0.13 with increasing pressure, whereas natural peridotites have a wide range of Cr' from 0.1 to 0.8. Our dry experiments, compared with previous hydrous experiments, indicate that the upper limit of Cr' increases with increasing H2O content. These findings suggest that the petrological variation of natural mantle peridotite cannot be formed by simple batch melting but may be the result of more complex melting
A Preliminary Study on Effects of Fermented Feed Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Hanwoo Steers during the Early and Late Fattening Period

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of formulated feed (IRG: Italian ryegrass, WCC: whole crop corn, and fermented feed) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers during early and late fattening periods. Twelve Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned into two groups: control and treatment (n = 6/group). The control group received rice straw with concentrate; the Treatment group received formulated feed for 13 months. Results revealed that formulated feed supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) increased effects on dry matter (DM) intake, body weight, average daily gain, and carcass yield than control feed. Hanwoo steers fed formulated feed showed higher meat quality, carcass yield, and ribeye area than steers fed control feed. However, meat quality characteristics (such as cooking loss, fat thickness, marbling score, meat color, and crude fat), sensory characteristics, and pH values were similar between the two groups (all p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in FA compositions of steers between the two groups (p > 0.05). Overall, these results indicate that feeding Hanwoo steers with formulated feed can improve their growth efficacy, carcass yield, and meat quality characteristics during early and late fattening periods. Regarding an economic strategy, our research findings suggest that formulated feed is effective and profitable for feeding Hanwoo steers during early and late fattening periods without causing adverse effects.
Sense of place, shopping area evaluation, and shopping behaviour

In order to turn the trend of decreasing numbers of visitors in shopping areas, retailers seem to agree on the importance of creating experiences for consumers. Yet sense of place research focusing on shopping areas is limited and has not yet fully explored the extent to which sense of place is related to shopping behaviour within physical shopping areas. In this study, we used the concept of sense of place to study a consumer ’ s experience in inner-city retail environments. The main objective was to investigate (1) the relationship between shopping area evaluation and sense of place, (2) the relationship between sense of place and shopping behaviour, (3) the presence or absence of a relationship between shopping area evaluation and shopping behaviour, and (4) the moderating effect of personal and situational characteristics on these relationships. We estimate a path analysis model using survey data that were collected among 380 consumers in 3 shopping areas in the Amsterdam region. The findings suggest that sense of place is a better predictor of shopping behaviour than consumers ’ evaluation of shopping area characteristics. Therefore, it is important for retailers and shopping area managers to focus on creating a retail environment that stimulates formation of a sense of place.
First Report of the Marine Benthic Dinoflagellate Bysmatrum subsalsum from Korean Tidal Pools

Dense patches were observed in the tidal pools of the southern area of Korea. To clarify the causative organisms, the cells were collected and their morphological features were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, after establishing strains for the cells the molecular phylogeny was inferred with concatenated small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rRNA sequences. The cells were characterized by a nucleus in the hypotheca, strong reticulations in thecal plates, the separation of plates 2a and 3a, the tear-shaped apical pore complex, an elongated rectangular 1a plate and the absence of the right sulcal list. The thecal plate formula was Po, X, 4′, 3a, 7″, 6c, 4S, 5′′′, 2′′′′. Based on these morphological features, the cells were identified as Bysmatrum subsalsum. In the culture, the spherical cysts of B. subsalsum without thecal plates were observed. Molecular phylogeny revealed two ribotypes of B. subsalsum are identified; The Korean isolates were nested within the ribotype B consisting of the isolates from China, Malaysia and the French Atlantic, whereas the ribotype A includes only the isolates from the Mediterranean Sea. In the phylogeny, B. subsalsum and B. austrafrum were grouped. This can be supported by the morphological similarity between the two species, indicating that the two species may be conspecific, however B. subsalsum may distinguish from B. austrafrum, because of differences in the types of eyespots reported in previous studies. These findings support the idea that there is cryptic diversity within B. subsalsum.
Reproduction Control in Coptodon zillii using Abrus precatorius Root Bark Diets as Fertility Inhibitor Agent

The antifertility effects of Abrus precatorius root bark meal (APRB) on Coptodon zillii juvenile was determined by a 42 days feeding experiment, with the inclusion levels of 0g, 6g, 12g, 18g and 24g/kg diet. Water volume of 20 litres in a plastic tank (50cm x 27cm x 35 cm dimension) was maintained throughout the period of experiment. Coptodon zillii was fed at 4% body weight. In male fish, testis weight, milt volume, milt count and motility duration reduced with increase in inclusion level and there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the treatments used. Histology of testis at 0g of APRB/kg diet showed primary and secondary spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubule, connective tissue was clearly seen. In treatments 6g, 12g, 18g and 24g APRB/kg diets, there were increase in interstitial cell, eroded connective tissue and necrosis. In female fish, ovary weight, fecundity, relative fecundity and gonadosomatic index reduced with increase in the concentration of treatments used. Histology of the ovary at 0g APRB/kg diet showed developing oocytes while treatments 6g, 12g, 18g and 24g revealed reduced oocytes, increase in interstitial cell, alteration in ovary development and necrosis. The research revealed that Abrus precatorius root bark meal may be effective in controlling reproduction in Coptodon zillii. Original Research Article Akin-Obasola; ARRB, 36(5): 100-106, 2021; Article no.ARRB. 68159 101
Error Estimations for Total Variation Type Regularization

This paper provides several error estimations for total variation (TV) type regularization, which arises in a series of areas, for instance, signal and imaging processing, machine learning, etc. In this paper, some basic properties of the minimizer for the TV regularization problem such as stability, consistency and convergence rate are fully investigated. Both a priori and a posteriori rules are considered in this paper. Furthermore, an improved convergence rate is given based on the sparsity assumption. The problem under the condition of non-sparsity, which is common in practice, is also discussed; the results of the corresponding convergence rate are also presented under certain mild conditions.
Premium, popular and basic olive oils: mapping product segmentation and consumer profiles for different classes of olive oil

Urban metropolitan consumers react to the different qualitative categorizations of the product thus creating homogeneous market segments. The aim of this paper is to identify specific market segments which allow for the definition of homogeneous olive oil consumer targets. ,This study was based on the stated preferences of consumers and emphasizes the role that different quality scales of olive oil have in the eye of the consumer. The data, collected through a questionnaire, were analysed by means of inferential and multivariate statistics techniques, that is, the study specifically entailed a factorial and cluster analysis. ,This paper explores olive oil market segments broken down by the different quality levels of existing products, thus trying to identify main consumer preferences. Our outcomes suggest the existence of three main quality classes of olive oil consumer: basic, popular and premium. ,Even though we gathered data and information from a broad sample, the study does not fully reflect the average Italian population since we based our study on a convenience sample of northern Italian consumers. A more extended sample is needed to test our hypothesis in other regional areas. ,The outcomes derived from this study provide useful insights both for marketers and olive oil producers by allowing more efficient strategic decisions in terms of product segmentation. ,This study, aimed at matching olive oil market segments and consumer preferences, shows the existence of three well-defined quality classes of olive oil consumer: basic, popular and premium. In addition, this study ascertains for the first time how the attitude towards local products is positively influenced by family origin as a result of an inter-generational attitude.
Use of Risk Assessments in Pretrial Supervision Decision-Making and Associated Outcomes

Despite the growing use of both pretrial risk assessment and supervision as pretrial reform strategies, there has been limited investigation on the effectiveness of risk assessment-informed pretrial supervision. We conducted a multi-site, retrospective investigation in 1,505 pretrial defendants from four local jurisdictions to examine risk assessment-informed pretrial supervision decisions and associated pretrial misconduct outcomes. Our findings showed pretrial supervision decisions were generally consistent with structured guidelines and defendant risk classifications. Use of bond and electronic monitoring had little impact on pretrial misconduct. However, more frequent pretrial monitoring was associated with higher rates of pretrial misconduct across all risk levels. Reducing supervision conditions and monitoring for low-risk defendants, in particular, may help reduce rates of misconduct in pretrial populations.