Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A tutorial on the Multi-fold theory principles and the SMG

The paper explains sometimes in simplified terms, sometimes in more details the principles that motivate and are behind the Multi-fold theory. It provides an overview of some of the key results in particular the SMG, i.e., the Standard Model with gravity effects non-negligible at its scales. In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles, whether they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure, and non-commutative geometry, which is Lorentz invariant, and where spacetime nodes, and particles, can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General Relativity (GR) at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model (SM) resulting into what we define as SMG. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model without new Physics other than gravity. These considerations hint at an even stronger relationship between gravity and the Standard Model. Recent work shows that the multi-fold theory can be encountered in GR at Plank scales, in spacetime quantization starting from the Hilbert Einstein action, and in the equivalence principle of suitable quantum reference frames in relational quantum physics. Conversely, GR and Quantum physics, including path integrals, the Born rule, and wave functions, can be recovered through different paths from multi-fold spacetime reconstruction and the W-type multifold hypothesis. In a multi-fold universe, GR and Quantum Physics are not incompatible, they are just different facets of multi-fold mechanisms, something that neither theory can well model. The main principles of the multi-fold theory are that while in GR spacetime tells matter how to move; matter tells spacetime how to curve, when adding Quantum Physics with entanglement, we also impose a non-local wave function behavior, and Lorentz invariance imposes no supra-luminosity. As a result, gravity is the result of spacetime going out of its way, and contorting , to support such requirements, as demanded by the content of the universe. The multi-fold theory is about explaining and reconciling this, and all the consequences of it. These include the SMG, i.e., the Standard Model where gravity is non-negligible at its scales, multi-fold dark matter and energy, the E/G factual conjecture, and a discrete spacetime that is 2D at small scale, Lorentz invariant, fractal and noncommutative. The SMG potentially explains many problems with the SM.
Inverse scattering problem for quasi-linear perturbation of the biharmonic operator on the line

We consider an inverse scattering problem of recovering the unknown coefficients of quasi-linearly perturbed biharmonic operator on the line. These unknown complex-valued coefficients are assumed to satisfy some regularity conditions on their nonlinearity, but they can be discontinuous or singular in their space variable. We prove that the inverse Born approximation can be used to recover some essential information about the unknown coefficients from the knowledge of the reflection coefficient. This information is the jump discontinuities and the local singularities of the coefficients.
Observation of electron-scale turbulence suppression under weak magnetic shear with neon seeding in EAST plasma

Improved confinement caused by Ne injection is investigated in EAST. The safety factor q profile and electron-scale turbulence are studied with a polarimeter-interferometer system and CO2 laser collective scattering system in a series of Ne injection experiments in EAST. Ne with a suitable injection rate can lead to negative magnetic shear in the plasma core, which promotes electron-scale turbulence suppression. The continuous injection of Ne under the reversed shear condition further reduces the electron-scale turbulence intensity. Core electron temperature increase and confinement improvement are observed. QuaLiKiz is applied to model the influence of an impurity and reversed q on turbulence. The combination of stabilization effects of negative magnetic shear and Ne on turbulence is much stronger than the impurity’s own effect, which could explain the experimentally observed electron temperature (T e) increase and turbulence suppression. Besides, the relationship between pedestal structure induced by Ne injection and lower hybrid wave (LHW)-driven current deposition is discussed. These results provide a new perspective to improve the confinement in the case of Ne injection, i.e. to adjust the Ne injection to modify the ideal plasma equilibrium.
Study of Wave Parameters in the West side of Java Sea using Wave Spectral Analysis and Zero Up-Crossing Methods

Waves in the sea have a random shape, where the height, length, and direction of the waves change during the observation time. Due to the unpredictable nature of the waves with certain patterns, a statistical and probability approach is needed in analyzing waves. Before carrying out statistical and probability analysis, it is necessary to extract the wave parameters from the random wave data. There are two methods commonly used to extract wave parameters: the first is the individual wave analysis method, using a zero up/down-crossing technique. The second method is the wave spectral analysis method. In this study, both methods will be applied to observation data from the Pabelokan station [1] in the West Java Sea for a six-day. From this study, it was found that the significant wave height parameter generated by the spectral analysis technique and the zero up-crossing technique showed a positive correlation, which the correlation coefficient is 0.9891. In the study of the wave period investigation, both of method have a positive correlation, but the value of the wave period is very likely to be different. The correlation coefficient values for the average wave period are 0.5848 for Tm01 and 0.5757 for Tm02 .
Do beaver ponds increase methane emissions along Arctic tundra streams?

Beaver engineering in the Arctic tundra induces hydrologic and geomorphic changes that are favorable to methane (CH4) production. Beaver-mediated methane emissions are driven by inundation of existing vegetation, conversion from lotic to lentic systems, accumulation of organic rich sediments, elevated water tables, anaerobic conditions, and thawing permafrost. Ground-based measurements of CH4 emissions from beaver ponds in permafrost landscapes are scarce, but hyperspectral remote sensing data (AVIRIS-NG) permit mapping of ‘hotspots’ thought to represent locations of high CH4 emission. We surveyed a 429.5 km2 area in Northwestern Alaska using hyperspectral airborne imaging spectroscopy at ∼5 m pixel resolution (14.7 million observations) to examine spatial relationships between CH4 hotspots and 118 beaver ponds. AVIRIS-NG CH4 hotspots covered 0.539% (2.3 km2) of the study area, and were concentrated within 30 m of waterbodies. Comparing beaver ponds to all non-beaver waterbodies (including waterbodies >450 m from beaver-affected water), we found significantly greater CH4 hotspot occurrences around beaver ponds, extending to a distance of 60 m. We found a 51% greater CH4 hotspot occurrence ratio around beaver ponds relative to nearby non-beaver waterbodies. Dammed lake outlets showed no significant differences in CH4 hotspot ratios compared to non-beaver lakes, likely due to little change in inundation extent. The enhancement in AVIRIS-NG CH4 hotspots adjacent to beaver ponds is an example of a new disturbance regime, wrought by an ecosystem engineer, accelerating the effects of climate change in the Arctic. As beavers continue to expand into the Arctic and reshape lowland ecosystems, we expect continued wetland creation, permafrost thaw and alteration of the Arctic carbon cycle, as well as myriad physical and biological changes.
Measuring defects in high-speed production lines—a three-phase convolutional neural network model

Conventional automatic optical inspection (AOI) systems using rule-based image processing suffer from precision and velocity issues, particularly when simultaneously measuring multiple defects of a product in a high-speed production line. Such AOI stations usually become a bottleneck in the line. This paper presents a three-phase model for defect detection based on convolutional neural network to release the cycle time of the line. The phase I model using a deep residual network (ResNet50) performs defect classification of products with high accuracy. The phase II model is another independent ResNet50 that classifies defect products into defect categories, rescuing good products that have been mistakenly killed in the previous stage and replacing the conventional re-inspection labors. The phase III model is a you only look once—based network that detects multiple defects and their positions simultaneously in a single product, providing informative quality data for continuous improvement. The proposed model successfully resolves the issue of multiple-defect and multiple-len quality inspection in a high-speed production line. The proposed model resolved defect inspection by integrating object detection and defect classification simultaneously. By deploying the three-phase model in a tiny electronic connector component production line, the present model has demonstrated that it reaches high precision and facilitates prompt quality correction for high-speed production lines.
Multi-Objective Differential Evolution Algorithm with a New Improved Mutation Strategy

Many real world problems are considered multi-objective problems because of their nature that two or more conflicting objectives need to be optimized at the same time. Such problems state a challenge for researchers to design efficient algorithms capable of helping decision makers to overcome the tradeoff between the different objectives. Therefore, it is a challenging task to design effective algorithms for multi-objective optimization. This paper presents a new algorithm, namely MOsDE-Im, based on a differential evolution algorithm and a new type of mutation scheme “DE/current-to-robest”. This mutation is a variation of original “DE/current-to-best” that uses the best individual based on one objective value randomly chosen in each generation. This guided mutation helps to progress the search towards promising regions by switching between best objective-wise individuals and increasing the probability of producing potential superior solutions. A new method that combines crowding distance and a portion of best objective-wise solutions is used to obtain the desired number of well distributed non-dominated solutions in the objective space. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on a set of challenging benchmark problems. Results assert the fact that the proposed method effectively solves the multi-objective benchmark problems.
Optical spectra of EGFR inhibitor AG-1478 for benchmarking DFT functionals

Optical spectroscopy (UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy) is sensitive to the chemical environment and conformation of fluorophores and therefore, serves as an ideal probe for the conformation and solvent responses. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as AG-1478 of epidermal growth factor receptor when containing a quinazolinamine scaffold are fluorophores. It is, however, very important to benchmark density functional theory (DFT) method against optical spectral measurements, when time-dependent DFT is applied. In this study, the performance of up to 22 DFT functionals is benchmarked with respect to the measured optical spectra of AG-1478 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. It is discovered when combined with the 6–311++G(d, p) basis set, there are top seven functionals; B3PW91, B3LYP, B3P86, PBE1PBE, APFD, HSEH1PBE, and N12SX DFT-VXC functionals are identified as the top performers. Becke’s three-parameter exchange functional (B3) tends to generate accurate optical spectra to form the best three functionals, B3LYP, B3PW91 and B3P86. Specifically, B3PW91 was recommended for studying the optical properties of 4-quinazolinamine TKIs, B3LYP was found to be excellent for absorption spectrum, while B3P86 was identified as the best for emission spectrum. Any further corrections to B3LYP, such as CAM-B3LYP, LC-B3LYP, and B3LYP-D3 result in larger errors in the optical spectra of AG-1478 in DMSO solvent. These best three (B3Vc) functionals are reliable tools for optical properties of the TKIs and therefore the design of new agents with larger Stokes shift for medical image applications. To obtain reliable optical spectra for this class of 4-quinazolinamine based TKIs, it is important to include the electron correlation energy.
Structural design evaluation for Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), case study: Madura Straits

Using Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) is very important, especially in underwater investigations. The Madura Strait, located between the Java islands and Madura, is used as an industrial area, especially for oil and gas sources. Therefore, the ROV structure must be designed in such a way that it can withstand the hydrostatic loads it receives during operations in the deep sea. The study was conducted to determine the ROV’s ability to withstand hydrostatic loads using materials such as steel, aluminium, and HDPE. The pre-designed ROV is converted and modeled in 3D. The model formed and detailed as the basic form of the ROV is imported to the Finite Element Analysis tools to obtain the value of the stress and deformation of the ROV. Therefore, the load is adjusted to the hydrostatic pressure, with the seawater depth up to 200 m. The study structural design evaluation is able used as a reference for selecting materials used in the ROV.
Using Clinical Scales and Digital Measures to Explore Falls in Patients with Lewy Body Dementia

Introduction: PRESENCE was a phase 2 clinical trial assessing the efficacy of mevidalen, a D1 receptor positive allosteric modulator, for symptomatic treatment of Lewy body dementia (LBD). Mevidalen demonstrated improvements in motor and non-motor features of LBD, global functioning, and actigraphy-measured activity and daytime sleep. Adverse events (AEs) of fall were numerically increased in mevidalen-treated participants. Methods: A subset of PRESENCE participants wore a wrist actigraphy device for 2-week periods pre-, during, and posttreatment. Actigraphy sleep and activity measures were derived per period and analyzed to assess for their association with participants’ reports of an AE of fall. Prespecified baseline and treatment-emergent clinical characteristics were also included in the retrospective analysis of falls. Independent-samples t test and χ2 test were performed to compare the means and proportions between individuals with/without falls. Results: A trend toward more falls was observed with mevidalen treatment (31/258 mevidalen-treated vs. 4/86 in placebo-treated participants: p = 0.12). Higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05), more severe disease measured by baseline Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part II (p < 0.05), and a trend toward improved Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale 13 (ADAS-Cog13) (p = 0.06) were associated with individuals with falls. No statistically significant associations with falls and treatment-emergent changes were observed. Conclusion: The association of falls with worse baseline disease severity and higher BMI and overall trend toward improvements on cognitive and motor scales suggest that falls in PRESENCE may be related to increased activity in mevidalen-treated participants at greater risk for falling. Future studies to confirm this hypothesis using fall diaries and digital assessments are necessary.
Understanding the molecular profiling of diffuse gliomas classification: A brief overview

Background: Gliomas represent almost 30% of all primary brain tumors and account for 80% of malignant primary ones. In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding gliomas’ molecular origin and development. These advancements have demonstrated a remarkable improvement in classification systems based on mutational markers, which contribute paramount information in addition to traditional histology-based classification. Methods: We performed a narrative review of the literature including each molecular marker described for adult diffuse gliomas used in the World Health Organization (WHO) central nervous system 5. Results: The 2021 WHO classification of diffuse gliomas encompasses many molecular aspects considered in the latest proposed hallmarks of cancer. The outcome of patients with diffuse gliomas relies on their molecular behavior and consequently, to determine clinical outcomes for these patients, molecular profiling should be mandatory. At least, the following molecular markers are necessary for the current most accurate classification of these tumors: (1) isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) IDH-1 mutation, (2) 1p/19q codeletion, (3) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B deletion, (4) telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation, (5) α-thalassemia/ mental retardation syndrome X-linked loss, (6) epidermal growth factor receptor amplification, and (7) tumor protein P53 mutation. These molecular markers have allowed the differentiation of multiple variations of the same disease, including the differentiation of distinct molecular Grade 4 gliomas. This could imply different clinical outcomes and possibly impact targeted therapies in the years to come. Conclusion: Physicians face different challenging scenarios according to the clinical features of patients with gliomas. In addition to the current advances in clinical decision-making, including radiological and surgical techniques, understanding the disease’s molecular pathogenesis is paramount to improving the benefits of its clinical treatments. This review aims to describe straightforwardly the most remarkable aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of diffuse gliomas.
Comparison of Pregnancy Outcome between 4 and 6 cm Cervical os Dilatation to Demarcate Active Phase of Labour: A Cross-Sectional Study

This is a cross-sectional study comparing pregnancy outcomes between participants with 4 and 6 cm of cervical os dilatation at the diagnosis of the active phase of labour. It was conducted in a single tertiary centre involving low-risk singleton pregnancies at or beyond 37 weeks with spontaneous onset of labour. A total of 155 participants were recruited, 101 in group 1 (4 cm) and 54 in group 2 (6 cm). Both groups were similar in mean maternal age, mean gestational age at delivery, ethnicity, median haemoglobin level at delivery, body mass index, and parity. There were significantly more participants in group 1 who needed oxytocin augmentation (p < 0.001) for the longer mean duration (p = 0.015), use of analgesia (p < 0.001), and caesarean section rate (p = 0.002). None of the women had a postpartum haemorrhage or a third- or fourth-degree perineal tear, and none of the neonates required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. There were significantly more nulliparas who had a caesarean section as compared to multiparas. A cervical os dilatation of 6 cm reduces the risk of caesarean section by 11% (95% CI, 0.01-0.9) and increases three times more the need for analgesia (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI, 1.2-9.4). In conclusion, the demarcation of the active phase of labour at a cervical os dilatation of 6 cm is feasible without an increase in maternal or neonatal complications.
Use of Biological Therapies for the Management of Pustular Psoriasis: A New Era?

Abstract Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe and rare form of psoriasis, being a potentially life-threatening condition, characterized by recurring episodes or flares of widespread cutaneous erythema with macroscopic sterile pustules. An irregular innate immune response is linked to GPP, which is considered an auto-inflammatory disorder, while innate and adaptive immunopathogenic responses are involved in psoriasis pathogenesis. In consequence, different cytokine cascades have been suggested to be mainly involved in the pathogenesis of each different psoriasis form, with the interleukin (IL)23/IL17 axis implied in plaque psoriasis, and the IL36 pathway in the GPP. As regards GPP treatment, conventional systemic drugs available for plaque psoriasis are usually used as the first-line treatment option. However, contraindications and adverse events often limit the use of these therapies. In this scenario, biologic drugs may represent a promising treatment option. To date, even if 12 different biologics have been approved for plaque psoriasis, none of these is approved for GPP where they are employed off-label. Recently, spesolimab, an anti-IL36 receptor monoclonal antibody, has been recently approved for GPP. The purpose of this article is to assess the current literature about the use of biological therapies for the treatment of GPP to establish the basis for a shared GPP management algorithm.
SYNTHETIC HYDROGEN SPECTRA OF OSCILLATING PROMINENCE SLABS IMMERSED IN THE SOLAR CORONA

We study the behavior of Hα and Hβ spectral lines and their spectral indicators in an oscillating solar prominence slab surrounded by the solar corona, using an MHD model combined with a 1D radiative transfer code taken in the line of sight perpendicular to the slab. We calculate the time variation of the Doppler shift, half-width, and maximum intensity of the Hα and Hβ spectral lines for different modes of oscillation. We find a non-sinusoidal time dependence of some spectral parameters with time. Because Hα and Hβ spectral indicators have different behavior for different modes, caused by differing optical depths of formation and different plasma parameter variations in time and along the slab, they may be used for prominence seismology, especially to derive the internal velocity field in prominences.