Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How best to improve lifting capacity: a functional or military training approach?

Pushing, pulling, lifting and carrying items are performed routinely in many trades within a military environment, contributing to 41% of all manual handling tasks (Jones et al., 2000; Sharp et al., 2009). These strength‐related tasks place significant physical demands upon the soldier (Sharp et al., 1993). However, unlike other occupations, these task demands cannot be re‐engineered or reduced. In order to adequately meet this diverse range of task demands, soldiers must have sufficient physical capacity (Sharp e t a l . , , 2009) . Currently, the ARMY undertake 36% of training time in endurance running, swimming and pack marching and 18% of training time performing non‐specific resistance circuit training within the 80‐day, 12‐week Basic Military Training regimen (Orme, 2005). The distribution of time dedicated to strength training does not match the significant strength daily trade demands (Hendrickson et al.,, 2010). The actual transfer of adaptations following Basic Military Training regimen to improve occupational performance is currently unknown. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to observe the effect of a modified version of the Basic Military Training Program on occupational performance (maximal box lift, maximal pack lift and repetitive lift), generic strength assessments (6RM squat, 1RM bench press, isometric and isokinetic knee extension/flexion, grip strength), aerobic power (VO2peak), agility (Illinois agility course), power (vertical jump) and ix current military assessments of physical capacity (2.4 km run, push ups and sit ups) in comparison to an experimental training regimen. Forty Six (33F;13M) university students were randomised into two training regimen; military training (MT) and experimental training (ET). Three t r a in ing sessions were performed for an 8‐week period. There were marked volume (time) differences in endurance between MT and ET (75% versus 15%) and strength (25% versus 85%) components of training, but with three sessions of one hour performed per week, total training time was matched. Following the training intervention, no significant interaction was observed for occupational performance, however there was a significant interaction observed for 6RM squat performance (P= 0.0001). Interestingly, despite an 87% difference in endurance volume (training time), there was no significant interaction observed for 2.4 km endurance run time, regardless of VO2peak. The results obtained from this investigation reveal the effectiveness of high intensity training conducted within a concurrent setting . The ET regimen performed 12 minutes or 87% less endurance training, however there was no change observed in 2.4 km endurance run performance. E T t o t a l endurance training t i m e accumulated to 2.5 minutes per week of high intensity training, in comparison to 90 minutes per week of endurance . vii
Satisfaction with the free wireless connection among Muslim university students

Technological change in an organization gives impacts towards its members. In Islamic educational institutions, for example, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), the introduction of a new technology affects students in many aspects. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of a new technological implementation, the Free Wireless Connection (FWC), among Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (IRKHS) students. IRKHS, as the most populated faculty in IIUM, is divided into two main academic divisions, namely, Islamic Revealed Knowledge (IRK) and Human Sciences (HS). The main objective of this study is to see the patterns of technological adoption among Muslim students. The specific objectives are: (1) to find out the level of Internet and FWC usage among IIUM undergraduate students; (2) to find out the differences in adoption patterns of FWC in terms of gender, nationality, and academic division; (3) and to find out students’ level of satisfaction towards the new technology. This study applied a survey research design. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be employed to answer the research objectives.
Overview

Linkages between the Islamic Stock Indices, the Indices of Europe, Asia, US, UK, and Japan, and those of the emerging markets are empirically analyzed. Using methodologies that account for idiosyncratic factors in the data, evidence of linkages are found between large stock markets of Europe, Asia, US, and UK. Emerging markets indices show clear insulation from the Islamic indices. Although, emerging markets follow the Islamic based investment approach, other aspects such as economic factors as well as the size of the industry have dissimilarities. Hence, strategies for hedging or diversification, particularly in the long-run can be developed. If emerging market indices are combined with the indices of other markets, there may be considerable risk reduction with such a strategy.
Dynamic alterations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and CD68+CD163+M2-like macrophages of non-small cell lung cancer patients in radiotherapy

BackgroundRecent studies showed that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2-like macrophages are involved in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as immunosuppressive cells; however, the changes of MDSCs and M2-like macrophages, and their prognostic value are rarely unknown in NSCLC patients during radiotherapy. In this article, we aim to explore dynamic alteration of the circulating MDSCs and M2-like macrophages, to examine their relationship, and to evaluate their prognostic value for NSCLC patients in radiotherapy.Method:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls and NSCLC patients in radiotherapy were isolated to examine the circulating MDSCs and M2-like macrophages. The peripheral MDSCs defined as CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR− and M2-like Macrophages signified as CD68+CD163+ were determined by flow cytometry. 40 plasma inflammatory cytokines were measured by multiplex ELISA.ResultsCompared with health controls, the percentages of MDSCs and CD68+CD163+M2-like macrophages of NSCLC patients were significantly elevated, and were distinctly higher in NSCLC patients in radiotherapy than in pre-radiotherapy. Moreover, MDSCs correlated positively with CD68+CD163+M2-like macrophages in NSCLC patients in radiotherapy and post-radiotherapy. Interestingly, the alterations of the percentages of MDSCs and CD68+CD163+M2-like macrophages in RT were irrelated with radiotherapy area. During radiotherapy, the proportions of MDSCs were clearly increased in adenocarcinoma patients but not in squamous carcinoma patients, while the proportions of CD68+CD163+M2-like macrophages were markedly elevated in squamous carcinoma patients but not in adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, the percentages of MDSCs and CD68+CD163+ M2-like macrophages were also increased in NSCLC patients reached PR in radiotherapy compared to NSCLC patients reached SD and PD. IL-1ra and MIP-1β have a positive relation with MDSCs or M2 macrophages in NSCLC patients in radiotherapy, and Eotaxin was correlated with CD68+CD163+M2-like macrophages but not MDSCs in NSCLC patients after radiotherapy.ConclusionsThe dynamic alterations of MDSCs and M2-like macrophages, as well as their connection with plasm inflammation cytokines, could provide potentially prognostic and sensitive markers for NSCLC patients in radiotherapy.Trial Registration: Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, IEC-2020-S01. Registered 22 May 2020.
Dynamical Stability of Cantilevered Pipe Conveying Fluid with
Inerter-Based Dynamic Vibration Absorber

: Cantilevered pipe conveying fluid may become unstable and flutter instability would occur when the velocity of the fluid flow in the pipe exceeds a critical value. In the present study, the theoretical model of a cantilevered fluid-conveying pipe attached by an inerter-based dynamic vibration absorber (IDVA) is proposed and the stability of this dynamical system is explored. Based on linear governing equations of the pipe and the IDVA, the effects of damping coefficient, weight, inerter, location and spring stiffness of the IDVA on the critical flow velocities of the pipe system is examined. It is shown that the stability of the pipe may be significantly affected by the IDVA. In many cases, the stability of the cantilevered pipe can be enhanced by designing the parameter values of the IDVA. By solving nonlinear governing equations of the dynamical system, the nonlinear oscillations of the pipe with IDVA for sufficiently high flow velocity beyond the critical value are determined, showing that the oscillation amplitudes of the pipe can also be suppressed to some extent with a suitable design of the IDVA.
Turbulence Transport Modelling in Gas Turbine Related Applications

Computational fluid dynamics is a cornerstone in gas turbine engine design. It is used to optimize shapes of turbine and compressor airfoils, to predict heat transfer to gas turbine hot parts, to reduce the amount of pollutants that form when fuel is burnt, to reduce gas turbine noise and so on. There are still, however, areas where the computational methods lack in reliability and need further refinement. One is the modelling of turbulence transport effects on mean flow characteristics and is the main subject of this thesis. The thesis focuses on RANS predictions of turbulence and heat transfer, where the unknown turbulence transport terms are closed using turbulence models based on the eddy-viscosity concept. The potential of using the V2F turbulence model for heat transfer predictions in complex flows is illustrated by computing a three-dimensional stator vane passage flow. It is shown that the V2F model is able to predict the effects of turbulence on the secondary flow field in the stator passage, and, that the secondary flow field is largely what determines the heat transfer to the vane endwalls. The use of the realizability constraint to prevent unphysical growth of turbulence kinetic energy is also thoroughly discussed. There are however problems with the V2F model as well. It is in principle unable to resolve turbulence anisotropy and furthermore suffers from predicting laminar to turbulent boundary layer transition too rapidly. It is shown that the former problem can be dealt with by employing the nonlinear eddy-viscosity model of \cite{reif00}. This model is tested in the asymmetric diffuser flow and proves to be capable of very accurate Reynolds stress predictions. This study also highlights the strong sensitivity of the mean flow to turbulence closure and suggests that the near wall modelling is of the utmost importance. In an effort to improve the performance of the V2F model in transitional flows the ideas behind the transition modelling approach of Walters & Leylek (2004) are adapted to the V2F model. Also provided is an overview of the existing literature on the subject of transition modelling.
Environmental Conditions of Surface Soils, CFB Gagetown Training Area: Delineation of the Presence of Munitions Related Residues (Phase 3, Final Report)

Abstract : Troop readiness requires live-fire training with various types of ammunitions. By better understanding the potential environmental impacts of each type of activity, the Department of National Defence will be able to mitigate potential adverse effects. This report presents data acquired at the CFB Gagetown training area, following previous studies done in 2002 and 2001. The objective of the 2003 sampling effort was to further develop our understanding of the spatial distribution of explosives and heavy metals on five live-fire ranges, to assess their vertical migration and to verify the presence of TNT in background samples observed in 2002. DRDC-Valcartier performed the surface soils study in collaboration with Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) scientists. In 2003 soil samples were collected in five specific area: The antitank range, the hand and riffle grenade ranges, one small arm range, the propellant burning pads and in the vicinity of the live firing area (background samples). In the antitank range, a new sampling pattern involving the collection of multiple increments (more than 50) in a large sampling area was evaluated to better assess the overall extent of soil contamination. Vertical profilings were also conducted to study the migration of munition related residues both in the impact area and in the firing position. Both energetic materials and metals were analyzed in all soil samples. For the samples collected in the small arms range and in the burning pads area, both total metals and leachate testing (TCLP) were conducted to obtain total concentrations and the bio-available concentrations of metals. Finally, pre- and post-blast area of two blow in place events where sampled. Results obtained for heavy metals confirmed the ones obtained in 2002 and showed a slow increase in concentration with time.
Lower Normal Thyroid Function is Associated With a Higher Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort on Chinese Population

BackgroundRecently, the relationship between thyroid hormones (THs) across the euthyroid ranges and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been widely discussed. This study aimed to present specific cutoff values of THs to assess the association between THs and MetS in a euthyroid cohort.MethodsData of 2694 subjects, aged 18-80 years, who attended health examination in Xi’an Electric Power Central Hospital from April 2011 to December 2015 were collected and analyzed. The basic cohort enrolled 929 participants (followed up by 2221 person-years totally) to assess correlations between serum thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) levels and MetS. The second cohort included 698 participants (followed up by 1709 person-years totally) to evaluate relationships between serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) levels and MetS. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) scientific statements of 2009. Euthyroidism was defined as serum TSH, FT3 and FT4 levels within the reference ranges without taking any thyroid medication.ResultsThe cutoff values for TSH, T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 were 2.0mIU/L, 1.9nmol/L, 117nmol/L, 4.3pmol/L and 16pmol/L, respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups according to cutoff values: the lower-THs group and the higher-THs group. There was no significant difference in the risk of MetS between two groups in TSH, T3, T4 and FT3. The incidence of MetS was significantly higher in lower-FT4 group than higher-FT4 group (1.00 vs 0.622 (0.458, 0.846), P=0.002). The lower-FT4/higher-TSH group had the highest hazard ratios of MetS. (2.131vs 1.0 (1.380,3.291), P=0.006)ConclusionsLower normal FT4 (FT4≤16.0 pmol/L) is an independent risk factor for MetS, and lower normal thyroid function (TSH>2.0 mIU/L and FT4≤16.0 pmol/L) is associated with a higher risk of developing MetS.
The Economic Consequences of Indirect Rule in India

tinent in which there were wide disparities in economic development. These disparities probably had many causes. Ecological, social, and economic factors all played a part. But one possible cause that has rarely been discussed is the political factor. In India, as in many other European colonies, part of the country was governed under a system of indirect rule. Indirect rule could not fail to have economic consequences. Significant differences in economic development existed between those areas of India which were ruled directly by the colonial
Structural mechanics of fibers, yarns, and fabrics

Contents: An engineering approach to textile structures. One-dimensional structures: yarn geometry. Form and fiber arrangement in twisted yarns (Hearle). Theory of the extension of continuous filament yarns. Observed extension and breakage of continuous filament yarns. Theory of the mechanics of staple fiber yarns. Observed extension and breakage of spun yarns. Two-dimensional structures: fabrics. The geometrical properties of plain cloths. The tensile properties of woven fabrics. The buckling of fabrics. Shear and drape of fabrics. The geometry of knitted fabrics. The mechanics of knitted fabrics. Author index. Subject index. Note: Based on a series of lectures at M.I. T. On textile structure mechanics, but the work is really not intended as a text on the subject. Rather its prime focus is on currently undeveloped subjects which have not received prominent attention in the literature. Excellent illustrative material. Authors are with University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, The University (Leads), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, respectively.
Constraint-directed improvisation for everyday activities

Existing approaches to planning in Artificial Intelligence (such as Universal and Classical Planning) are designed for very specific types of activities, and are largely inapplicable to areas outside their narrow ranges. In particular, everyday activities that are simple for humans, such as making a meal or getting from place to place, require long-term goal-directed and timely responses that are far beyond the bounds of these traditional approaches. This dissertation examines the nature of the everyday activities and develops a computational architecture for an agent able to participate in such activities. An analysis of everyday activities shows them to be difficult tasks made artificially simple through extensive activity-specific knowledge possessed by the agent performing them. I argue that existing approaches are unsuitable to everyday activity because they rely too heavily on compiled knowledge and fail to adequately apply the background knowledge from which these compilations were originally made. To address everyday activities, I present a theory of improvisation, a new approach that views the problem as satisficing intelligent control: providing resource-bounded responses to the environment in light of the agent's previous experience and its current and future intentions for activity. This process is based on the use of both heavily compiled routines the agent is accustomed to following, and an extensive collection of background knowledge used to apply those routines flexibly. The agent can rely on its routines in normative situations or when time is too scarce to spend examining the reasons behind its routines, and can conversely rely more heavily on background knowledge as situations become less normative. This allows the agent to take advantage of regularities in its environment and respond flexibly in less familiar situations. I then present an architecture embodying the improvisational approach based on the use of constraint-directed reasoning. This methodology provides a flexible control mechanism that allows the agent to respond as dynamically as necessary for the circumstances in which it finds itself. Implemented examples of improvised behaviour are also shown, using a simulation tool developed in conjunction with this research.
STUDY OF BICYCLE PARKING IN CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT OF SHANGHAI

Bicycles are a frequently used transportation mode in the cities of China. Unavoidably, bicycle parking is becoming a serious problem in urban areas, especially in the central business district (CBD). A bicycle parking study in the CBD of Shanghai, begun in 1987, includes data collecting, parking generation modeling, and parking demand forecasting in the predicting year and suggests a parking plan for the year 2000 and a management package to improve short-term bicycle parking in the CBD.
Army Enlisted Personnel Competency Assessment Program: Phase III Pilot Tests

Abstract : In the early 1990s, the Department of the Army abandoned its Skill Qualification Test (SOT) program due primarily to maintenance, development, and administration costs. This left a void in the Army's capabilities for assessing job performance qualification. To meet this need, the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI) instituted a 3-year program of feasibility research related to the development of a Soldier assessment system that is both effective and affordable. The PerformM21 program has two mutually supporting tracks. The first focuses on the design of a testing program and identification of issues related to its implementation. The second track is a demonstration of concept - starting with a prototype core assessment targeted to all Soldiers eligible for promotion to Sergeant, followed by job-specific prototype assessments for several Military Occupational Specialties (MOS). The prototype assessments were developed during the first 2 years of the research program. The present report describes work conducted in the final year of the PerformM21 program, in which five prototype MOS-specific assessments (along with the common core examination) were pilot tested on a sample of specialists/corporals.
Influence of audience characteristics on their behaviors across different sport media platforms

Title of Document: INFLUENCE OF AUDIENCE CHARACTERISTICS ON THEIR BEHAVIORS ACROSS DIFFERENT SPORT MEDIA PLATFORMS Dae Hee Kwak, Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Directed By: Associate Professor Stephen R. McDaniel, Department of Kinesiology This dissertation explores sport media consumption behavior through a series of three investigations. Using the broad U & G approach (Katz et al., 1974) as an overarching paradigm of this dissertation, the three investigations take a distinct theoretical and methodological approach in the examination of various sport media consumption behaviors across different media platforms (i.e., Internet, videogame, and print media). Study One explores factors that influence the adoption of popular online-sport phenomenon—fantasy sport leagues. Study One uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM; Davis, 1989) as a theoretical framework and examines how attitude toward watching football on TV, perceived ease of using the fantasy sport website, perceived knowledge of sport, and subjective norms play a role in explaining subjects’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward playing fantasy football. Study Two revisits the satisfaction-loyalty relationship model in the context of sport video gaming (SVG). Specifically, the second study extends the welldocumented satisfaction-loyalty relationship (Oliver, 1999; Suh & Yi, 2006; Yi, 1990) by incorporating brand attitudes and perceived skill in the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. The findings of Study Two highlight the importance of customer expertise and brand attitudes in a hedonic consumption context that involves a learning component. Study Three replicates and extends existing literature in perceived message sensation value (PMSV) and message processing (Everett & Palmgreen, 1995; Niederdeppe, 2005; Niederdeppe, Davis, Farrelly, & Yarsevich, 2007; Palmgreen, Stephenson, Everett, Baseheart & Francies, 2002), by utilizing a specific message feature (i.e., violence) in the ad stimuli. Study Three is the first known attempt to investigate the arousal-enhancing effect of violent images in the PMSV context. After successfully validating the ad stimuli manipulated by level of violence, this study explores the effect of PMSV on arousal and ad evaluations. The results of Study Three generally support the PMSV main effect on ad responses, suggesting that a high-PMSV ad elicits higher arousal and favorable AAd, and AB than a low-PMSV ad (Donohew et al., 1991; Donohew et al., 1995; Everett & Palmgreen, 1995; Niederdeppe, 2005; Palmgreen et al., 2001; Stephenson, 2002, 2003). Meanwhile, the moderating effect of SS received limited support. Overall, Study Three provides initial evidence that violence, as a specific PMSV-enhancing feature, can elicit arousal and favorable ad evaluations among a college student cohort. INFLUENCE OF AUDIENCE CHARACTERISTICS ON THEIR BEHAVIORS ACROSS DIFFERENT SPORT MEDIA PLATFORMS