Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How plausible are the proposed formation scenarios of CEMP-r/s stars?

CEMP-$r/s$ stars are metal-poor stars with enhanced abundances of carbon and heavy elements associated with the slow ($s$-) and rapid ($r$-) neutron-capture process. It is believed that carbon and $s$-elements were accreted from the wind of an AGB primary star, a scenario that is generally accepted to explain the formation of CEMP stars that are only enhanced in $s$-elements (CEMP-$s$ stars). The origin of $r$-element-enrichment in CEMP-$r/s$ stars is debated and many formation scenarios have been put forward. We aim to determine the likelihood of the scenarios proposed to explain the formation of CEMP-$r/s$ stars. We calculate the frequency of CEMP-$r/s$ stars among CEMP-$s$ stars for a variety of scenarios, and we compare it with that determined from an observed sample of CEMP-$r/s$ stars collected from the literature. The theoretical frequency of CEMP-$r/s$ stars predicted in most scenarios underestimates the observed ratio by at least a factor of 5. If the enrichments in $s$- and $r$-elements are independent, the model ratio of CEMP-$r/s$ to CEMP-$s$ stars is about 22%, that is approximately consistent with the lowest estimate of the observed ratio. However, this model predicts that about one third of all carbon-normal stars have [Ba/Fe] and [Eu/Fe] higher than 1, and that 40% of all CEMP stars have [Ba/Eu]$\le0$. Stars with these properties are at least ten times rarer in our observed sample. The $intermediate$ or $i$-process, which is supposedly active in some circumstances during the AGB phase, could provide an explanation of the origin of CEMP-$r/s$ stars, similar to that of CEMP-$s$ stars, in the context of wind mass accretion in binary systems. Further calculations of the nucleosynthesis of the $i$-process and of the detailed evolution of late AGB stars are needed to investigate if this scenario predicts a CEMP-$r/s$ star frequency consistent with the observations.
Comparison of star formation rates from Hα and infrared luminosity as seen by Herschel

We empirically MD test the relation between the SFR(LIR) derived from the infrared luminosity, LIR, and the SFR(Ha) derived from the Ha emission line luminosity using simple conversion relations. We use a sample of 474 galaxies at z = 0.060. 46 with both Ha detection [from 20k redshift Cosmological Evolution (zCOSMOS) survey] and new far-IR Herschel data (100 and 160 mu m). We derive SFR(Ha) from the Ha extinction corrected emission line luminosity. We find a very clear trend between E(B - V) and LIR that allows us to estimate extinction values for each galaxy even if the H beta emission line measurement is not reliable. We calculate the LIR by integrating from 8 up to 1000 mu m the spectral energy distribution (SED) that is best fitting our data. We compare the SFR(Ha) with the SFR(LIR). We find a very good agreement between the two star formation rate (SFR) estimates, with a slope of m = 1.01 +/- 0.03 in the log SFR(LIR) versus log SFR(Ha) diagram, a normalization constant of a = -0.08 +/- 0.03 and a dispersion of s = 0.28 dex. We study the effect of some intrinsic properties of the galaxies in the SFR(LIR)SFR(Ha) relation, such as the redshift, the mass, the specific star formation rate (SSFR) or the metallicity. The metallicity is the parameter that affects most the SFR comparison. The mean ratio of the two SFR estimators log[SFR(LIR)/SFR(Ha)] varies by similar to 0.6 dex from metal-poor to metal-rich galaxies [8.1 <log? (O/H) + 12 <9.2]. This effect is consistent with the prediction of a theoretical model for the dust evolution in spiral galaxies. Considering different morphological types, we find a very good agreement between the two SFR indicators for the Sa, Sb and Sc morphologically classified galaxies, both in slope and in normalization. For the Sd, irregular sample (Sd/Irr), the formal best-fitting slope becomes much steeper (m = 1.62 +/- 0.43), but it is still consistent with 1 at the 1.5s level, because of the reduced statistics of this sub-sample.
Monte Carlo phonon transport simulations in hierarchically disordered silicon nanostructures

Hierarchical material nanostructuring is considered to be a very promising direction for high performance thermoelectric materials. In this work we investigate thermal transport in hierarchically nanostructured silicon. We consider the combined presence of nanocrystallinity and nanopores, arranged under both ordered and randomized positions and sizes, by solving the Boltzmann transport equation using the Monte Carlo method. We show that nanocrystalline boundaries degrade the thermal conductivity more drastically when the average grain size becomes smaller than the average phonon mean-free path. The introduction of pores degrades the thermal conductivity even further. Its effect, however, is significantly more severe when the pore sizes and positions are randomized, as randomization results in regions of higher porosity along the phonon transport direction, which introduce significant thermal resistance. We show that randomization acts as a large increase in the overall effective porosity. Using our simulations, we show that existing compact nanocrystalline and nanoporous theoretical models describe thermal conductivity accurately under uniform nanostructured conditions, but overestimate it in randomized geometries. We propose extensions to these models that accurately predict the thermal conductivity of randomized nanoporous materials based solely on a few geometrical features. Finally, we show that the new compact models introduced can be used within Matthiessen's rule to combine scattering from different geometrical features within
Cycle period, differential rotation, and meridional flow for early M dwarf stars

Recent observations suggest the existence of two characteristic cycle times for early-type M stars dependent on the rotation period. They are of order one year for fast rotators (Prot < 1 day) and of order four years for slower rotators. Additionally, the equator-to-pole differences of the rotation rates withδΩ up to 0.03 rad d−1are known fromKeplerdata for the fast-rotating stars. These values are well-reproduced by the theory of large-scale flows in rotating convection zones on the basis of the Λ effect. The resulting amplitudesumof the bottom value of the meridional circulation allows for the calculation of the travel time from pole to equator at the base of the convection zone of early-type M stars. These travel times strongly increase with rotation period and they always exceed the observed cycle periods. Therefore, the operation of an advection-dominated dynamo in early M dwarfs, where the travel time must always be shorter than the cycle period, is not confirmed by our model nor the data.
Self-Reported Sleep during the COVID Lockdown in a Sample of UK University Students and Staff

The link between disturbed sleep and the extended lockdown period resulting from COVID-19 is well established. Data from an online survey of 2341 of university students (n = 1972, 84.2%) and staff were reported. Overall (n = 1710, 73.1%) were female and the mean age for the sample was 29.26 (SD = 12.86). 1799 (76.8%) provided self-reported data from the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) Sleep Subscale that allowed sleep to be compared prior to the lockdown period and during the lockdown period. Sociodemographic data which included, gender, age, whether an individual was a student or member of the university staff, ethnicity, caring responsibilities, and highest educational level were collected. Other data included, the NHP Sleep Sub-scale, change in alcohol consumption during the lockdown period, routine behaviours during the lockdown period, self-efficacy and health and wellbeing. There was a significant deterioration in NHP Sleep scores (p < 0.001) and all areas of sleep that were assessed significantly deteriorated during the lockdown period. These included indicators of sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance and increased use of sleep medication. Following a multinomial logit regression with change of NHP sleep scores entered as the dependent variable there were several significant predictors. Women had greater sleep dysfunction than men. Increased alcohol consumption, lower educational status and a deterioration in health and well-being scores were associated with greater sleep dysfunction. Not having a designated area to work in and not putting on clothes and make-up were both associated with greater sleep dysfunction during the lockdown period. These findings confirm the importance of taking steps to maintain sleep hygiene during extended lockdown periods.
Dwelling justice: locating settler relations in research and activism on stolen land

Abstract There is a general consensus now in Australia that we are in the grip of a severe housing crisis. The characteristics of spiralling housing costs and deepening precarity are unfolding in a context of the systematic managed decline of public housing as a critical social infrastructure, such that the capacity to make and find ‘home’ is thinning every day. Yet in a settler-colony, such as Australia, the struggle against housing injustice is set inside an already violent relationship of un-homing that creates the very conditions for others to make home. Reckoning with this monstrous dilemma, of the politics of dwelling justice on stolen land, is the focus of this essay, which springs from our own experience and failure to fully comprehend the ways that our housing research and activism works to reinforce settler colonial logics of dwelling on stolen land.
The Rainbow and the Worm:The Physics of Organisms

What Is It to Be Alive? Do Organisms Contravene the Second Law? Can the Second Law Cope with Organized Complexity? Energy Flow and Living Cycles How to Catch a Falling Electron Towards a Thermodynamics of Organised Complexity Sustainable Systems as Organisms The Seventy-Three Octaves of Nature's Music Coherent Excitations of the Body Electric The Solid-State Cell 'Life is a Little Electric Current' How Coherent Is the Organism? The Heartbeat of Health How Coherent Is the Organism? Sensitivity to Weak Electromagnetic Fields Life is All the Colors of the Rainbow in a Worm The Liquid Crystalline Organism Crystal Consciousness Liquid Crystalline Water Quantum Entanglement and Coherence Ignorance of the External Observer Time and Freewill.
ERAP/HLA-C and KIR Genetic Profile in Couples with Recurrent Implantation Failure

Proper embryo implantation depends on the tolerance of the maternal immune system to the fetus and its foreign paternal antigens. During implantation and early pregnancy, the dominant leukocytes in the uterus are uterine NK cells, expressing killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). KIRs recognize human leukocyte antigens (HLA-C) on the human trophoblast inherited from the father and mother. The antigenic peptides presented by the HLA are formed via their cleavage by endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2. The aim of this study was to assess the association of combined KIR genes and their HLA-C ligands, as well as ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphisms with recurrent implantation failure after in vitro fertilization (RIF). We tested 491 couples who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) and 322 fertile couples. Genotype CC rs27044 ERAP1 in female with a male’s HLA-C1C1 or HLA-C1C2 protected from RIF (p/pcorr. = 0.005/0.044, OR = 0.343; p/pcorr. = 0.003/0.027, OR = 0.442, respectively). Genotype TT rs30187 ERAP1 in female with a male’s HLA-C1C2 genotype increased the risk of RIF. Summarizing, in the combination of female ERAP1 and an HLA-C partner, the rs30187 C>T and rs27044 C>G polymorphisms play an important role in implantation failure.
Exploring Depression among the Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effects of the Big Five, Media Use, and Perceived Social Support

The mental health of the elderly is vulnerable during public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and the risks of depression is increased. The study aimed to explore the effects of physical health, the Big Five personality traits, media use, and different kinds of perceived social support as predictors of levels of depression among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in more than 120 cities in China with a sample of 1147 older adults, and hierarchical regression was established to examine the predictors of the level of depression. The results showed that almost half of the elderly (48%) had a status of mild or much more severe depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The level of depression was negatively associated with physical health, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and family support, while it was positively associated with neuroticism and media use. The study emphasized the effects of physical health, the Big Five personality traits, media use, and perceived social support from family as the predictors of levels of depression, providing further measures to help the elderly better react to a public health emergency.
Reconstruction of a variety from $\mathscr{O}[[\hbar]]$-modules

We prove that varieties are uniquely determined by the derived category of $\mathscr{O}[[\hbar]]$-modules with coherent cohomology which is the same as $\mathscr{O}$-modules proved by A. Bondal and D. Orlov. We also generalize a theorem of Orlov.
Experts versus the Public: Perceptions of Siting Wind Turbines and Performance Concerns

Experiences of wind turbines (WT) shape public perception and acceptance of the technology, influencing government policy, deployment, and land-use policies of wind turbines. This paper attempts to find changes in public perceptions over the last three decades and differences between experts and the public over different land-use options. A semi-structured questionnaire that integrates a visual survey of 10 images of WT technology in different urban, landscape and seascape settings was presented to both groups. The perceptions of siting, proximity, landscape type, and maturity of urban wind turbines’ technology in renewable energy generation were contrasted. The results revealed that both the public and experts alike significantly preferred images of WT inclusion in seascape and landscape settings and responded negatively to images of WT as an addition to buildings in urban contexts. Images of wind turbines around transport settings were ranked in the second set of acceptances, after landscape settings, indicating that closer proximity to WT is acceptable, but for a short duration. The analysis also highlighted a preference by the public for aesthetically engaging WT, even if they resulted in lower energy yields, but were less accepted by the experts who based their judgment on technical performance.
Structure and fragmentation of a high line-mass filament: Nessie

Context. An increasing number of hundred-parsec-scale, high line-mass filaments are being detected in the Galaxy. Their evolutionary path, including fragmentation towards star formation, is virtually unknown. Aims. We characterize the fragmentation within the hundred-parsec-scale, high line-mass Nessie filament, covering size-scales in the range ~0.1–100 pc. We also connect the small-scale fragments to the star-forming potential of the cloud. Methods. We combine near-infrared data from the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey with mid-infrared Spitzer/GLIMPSE data to derive a high-resolution dust extinction map for Nessie. We then apply a wavelet decomposition technique on the map to analyze the fragmentation characteristics of the cloud. The characteristics are then compared with predictions from gravitational fragmentation models. We compare the detected objects to those identified at a resolution approximately ten times lower from ATLASGAL 870 μm dust emission data. Results. We present a high-resolution extinction map of Nessie (2″ full-width-half-max, FWHM, corresponding to 0.03 pc). We estimate the mean line mass of Nessie to be ~627 M⊙ pc−1 and the distance to be ~3.5 kpc. We find that Nessie shows fragmentation at multiple size scales. The median nearest-neighbor separations of the fragments at all scales are within a factor of two of the Jeans’ length at that scale. However, the relationship between the mean densities of the fragments and their separations is significantly shallower than expected for Jeans’ fragmentation. The relationship is similar to the one predicted for a filament that exhibits a Larson-like scaling between size-scale and velocity dispersion; such a scaling may result from turbulent support. Based on the number of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the cloud, we estimate that the star formation rate (SFR) of Nessie is ~371 M⊙ Myr−1; similar values result if using the number of dense cores, or the amount of dense gas, as the proxy of star formation. The star formation efficiency is 0.017. These numbers indicate that by its star-forming content, Nessie is comparable to the Solar neighborhood giant molecular clouds like Orion A.
The Effect of Positive Charge Distribution on the Cryoprotective Activity of Dehydrins

Dehydrins are intrinsically disordered proteins expressed ubiquitously throughout the plant kingdom in response to desiccation. Dehydrins have been found to have a cryoprotective effect on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in vitro, which is in large part influenced by their hydrodynamic radius rather than the order of the amino acids within the sequence (alternatively, this may be a sequence specific effect). However, it seems that a different mechanism may underpin the cryoprotection that they confer to the cold-labile yeast frataxin homolog-1 (Yfh1). Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) was used to assess the degree of helicity of Yfh1 at 1 °C, both alone and in the presence of several dehydrin constructs. Three constructs were compared to the wild type: YSK2-K→R (lysine residues substituted with arginine), YSK2-Neutral (locally neutralized charge), and YSK2-SpaceK (evenly distributed positive charge). The results show that sequence rearrangements and minor substitutions have little impact on the ability of the dehydrin to preserve LDH activity. However, when the positive charge of the dehydrin is locally neutralized or evenly distributed, the dehydrin becomes less efficient at promoting structure in Yfh1 at low temperatures. This suggests that a stabilizing, charge-based interaction occurs between dehydrins and Yfh1. Dehydrins are intrinsically disordered proteins, expressed by certain organisms to improve desiccation tolerance. These proteins are thought to serve many cellular roles, such as the stabilization of membranes, DNA, and proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of dehydrins are not well understood. Here, we examine the importance of positive charges in dehydrin sequences by making substitutions and comparing their effects in the cryoprotection of two different proteins.
Factors Influencing the Prognosis of Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a long-term debilitating multisystem condition with poor prognosis. Studies that examined predictors of ME/CFS outcomes yielded contradictory results. We aimed to explore epidemiological and clinical prognostic factors of ME/CFS using operationalized criteria for recovery/improvement. Adult ME/CFS patients who attended the Internal Medicine Department of Angers University Hospital, Angers, France between October 2011 and December 2019, and were followed up until December 2020, were included retrospectively. Their medical records were reviewed for data collection. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence or absence of recovery/improvement (R/I) and compared for epidemiological characteristics, fatigue features, post-exertional malaise severity, clinical manifestations, and comorbidities. The subgroups of recovered and significantly improved patients were then compared. 168 patients were included. Recovery and improvement rates were 8.3% and 4.8%, respectively. Older age at disease onset was associated with R/I (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.007–1.110] (p = 0.028)), while diagnostic delay was inversely associated with R/I (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.964–0.996] (p = 0.036)). The study findings confirmed the poor prognosis of ME/CFS and the deleterious effect of diagnostic delay on disease progression. Interestingly, being older at disease onset was associated with better outcomes, which offers hope to patients for recovery/improvement even at an advanced age.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles as Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methane

The solid-state combustion method was used to prepare nickel-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation from [Ni(C3H4N2)6](NO3)2 and [Ni(C3H4N2)6](ClO4)2. These complexes were synthesized by adding nickel nitrate and perchlorate to melted imidazole. The composition and structure of the obtained complexes was confirmed by ATR FTIR, powder XRD, and elemental analysis. The stages of thermal decomposition of the complexes and their kinetic parameters were established. It was found that incomplete gasification of more thermostable Ni(C3H4N2)6](ClO4)2 led to the formation of carbon, nitrogen, and chlorine impurities. According to powder XRD and XPS, the solid products of gasification of both complexes consist of NiO and Ni0 covered with nickel hydroxide and/or a carbonate layer. In the case of the sample prepared from [Ni(C3H4N2)6](ClO4)2, this layer was pronounced. Therefore, it limits the nickel reduction in the reaction medium of CO2 hydrogenation, even at 450 °C. The surface of the sample prepared from [Ni(C3H4N2)6](NO3)2 contains nickel oxide, which is easily reduced. So, the catalyst active phase is already formed at 250 °C in the presence of CO2 and efficiently catalyzes CO2 hydrogenation as the temperature increases. Therefore, [Ni(C3H4N2)6](NO3)2 is a promising precursor for the CO2 hydrogenation catalyst, and its solvent-free synthesis follows Green Chemistry principles.
A study of the H i and optical properties of Low Surface Brightness galaxies: spirals, dwarfs, and irregulars

We present a study of the HI and optical properties of nearby ($z$ $\le$ 0.1) Low Surface Brightness galaxies (LSBGs). We started with a literature sample of $\sim$900 LSBGs and divided them into three morphological classes: spirals, irregulars and dwarfs. Of these, we could use $\sim$490 LSBGs to study their HI and stellar masses, colours and colour magnitude diagrams, and local environment, compare them with normal, High Surface Brightness (HSB) galaxies and determine the differences between the three morphological classes. We found that LSB and HSB galaxies span a similar range in HI and stellar masses, and have a similar $M_{\rm HI}$/$M_{\star}$--$M_{\star}$ relationship. Among the LSBGs, as expected, the spirals have the highest average HI and stellar masses, both of about 10$^{9.8}$ $M_\odot$. The LSGBs' ($g$--$r$) integrated colour is nearly constant as function of HI mass for all classes. In the colour magnitude diagram, the spirals are spread over the red and blue regions whereas the irregulars and dwarfs are confined to the blue region. The spirals also exhibit a steeper slope in the $M_{\rm HI}$/$M_{\star}$--$M_{\star}$ plane. Within their local environment we confirmed that LSBGs are more isolated than HSB galaxies, and LSB spirals more isolated than irregulars and dwarfs. Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests on the HI mass, stellar mass and number of neighbours indicates that the spirals are a statistically different population from the dwarfs and irregulars. This suggests that the spirals may have different formation and HI evolution than the dwarfs and irregulars.