Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operative Outcome of Partial Plantar Fasciectomy and Neurolysis to the Nerve of the Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle for Recalcitrant Plantar Fasciitis

A retrospective review was conducted of 23 patients (26 feet) to assess operative outcome of partial plantar fasciectomy and neurolysis to the nerve of the abductor digiti minimi muscle for recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. Nonsurgical treatment was implemented in all patients with no relief of symptoms (average 20.8 months) prior to surgery. Using a visual analog pain scale (0-10), the average preoperative pain was 9.2 (range, 8-10). Prior to surgery, 65.2% of patients had severe limitations of activity, and 34.8% of patients had moderate limitations of activity. An average 25.3-month follow-up (range, 8-51) was performed by telephone interview. Average postoperative pain decreased to 1.7 using the same visual analog scale. Thirteen patients (57%) had no functional limitations postoperatively and nine patients (39%) had minimal functional limitations postoperatively. One patient (4%) had moderate functional limitations postoperatively. Twenty patients (87%) were completely satisfied with the surgery, two patients (9%) were satisfied with reservations, and one patient (4%) was unsatisfied with the surgery. The average period before return to work or daily activities was 1.5 months. Two patients had minor complications of partial wound dehiscence that healed uneventfully and mild dorsal midfoot pain which required temporary use of a boot walker. While the majority of patients with plantar fasciitis can be managed with nonoperative treatment, those patients with recalcitrant plantar fasciitis can be effectively treated with partial plantar fasciectomy and neurolysis to the nerve of the abductor digiti minimi muscle.
Quantifying Biomass Changes of Single CD8+ T Cells during Antigen Specific Cytotoxicity

Existing approaches that quantify cytotoxic T cell responses rely on bulk or surrogate measurements which impede the direct identification of single activated T cells of interest. Single cell microscopy or flow cytometry methodologies typically rely on fluorescent labeling, which limits applicability to primary cells such as human derived T lymphocytes. Here, we introduce a quantitative method to track single T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic events within a mixed population of cells using live cell interferometry (LCI), a label-free microscopy technique that maintains cell viability. LCI quantifies the mass distribution within individual cells by measuring the phase shift caused by the interaction of light with intracellular biomass. Using LCI, we imaged cytotoxic T cells killing cognate target cells. In addition to a characteristic target cell mass decrease of 20–60% over 1–4 h following attack by a T cell, there was a significant 4-fold increase in T cell mass accumulation rate at the start of the cytotoxic event and a 2–3 fold increase in T cell mass relative to the mass of unresponsive T cells. Direct, label-free measurement of CD8+ T and target cell mass changes provides a kinetic, quantitative assessment of T cell activation and a relatively rapid approach to identify specific, activated patient-derived T cells for applications in cancer immunotherapy.
Million Query Track 2007 Overview

Abstract : The Million Query (1MQ) track ran for the first time in TREC 2007. It was designed to serve two purposes. First, it was an exploration of ad-hoc retrieval on a large collection of documents. Second, it investigated questions of system evaluation, particularly whether it is better to evaluate using many shallow judgments or fewer thorough judgments. Participants in this track were assigned two tasks: (1) run 10,000 queries against a 426Gb collection of documents at least once and (2) judge documents for relevance with respect to some number of queries. Section 1 describes how the corpus and queries were selected, details the submission formats, and provides a brief description of all submitted runs. Section 2 provides an overview of the judging process, including a sketch of how it alternated between two methods for selecting the small set of documents to be judged. Sections 3 and 4 provide details of those two selection methods, developed at UMass and NEU, respectively. The sections also provide some analysis of the results. In Section 6 we present some statistics about the judging process, such as the total number of queries judged, how many by each approach, and so on. We present some additional results and analysis of the overall track in Sections 7 and 8.
Optimal lossless compression of a class of dynamic sources

The usual assumption for proofs of the optimality of lossless encoding is a stationary ergodic source. Dynamic sources with non-stationary probability distributions occur in many practical situations where the data source is constructed by a composition of distinct sources, for example, a document with multiple authors, a multimedia document, or the composition of distinct packets sent over a communication channel. There is a vast literature of adaptive methods used to tailor the compression to dynamic sources. However, little is known about optimal or near optimal methods for lossless compression of strings generated by sources that are not stationary ergodic. We present a number of asymptotically efficient algorithms that address, at least from the theoretical point of view, optimal lossless compression of dynamic sources. We assume the source produces an infinite sequence of concatenated finite strings generated by sampling a stationary ergodic source.
What can commit metadata tell us about design degradation?

Design degradation has long been assessed by means of structural analyses applied on successive versions of a software system. More recently, repository mining techniques have been developed in order to uncover rich historical information of software projects. In this paper, we leverage such information and propose an approach to assess design degradation that is programming language agnostic and relies almost exclusively on commit metadata. Our approach currently focuses on the assessment of two particular design smells: rigidity and fragility. Rigidity refer to designs that are difficult to change due to ripple effects and fragility refer to designs that tend to break in different areas every time a change is performed. We conducted an evaluation of our approach in the project Apache Maven 1 and the results indicated that our approach is feasible and that the project suffered from increasing fragility.
Degradation of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin by a new bacterium isolated from a hypertrophic lake

A bacterium capable of degrading microcystins‐RR, ‐YR, and ‐LR was isolated from a hypertrophic lake. The bacterium, designated Y2 and classified phenotypically as a member of the genus Sphingomonas, was shown to be distinct phylogenetically from any established species of Sphingomonas on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing. The bacterium was tentatively identified as Sphingomonas by manual chemotaxonomy, but 16S rRNA sequencing analysis suggests that it is in fact a new species or even a new genus. When the Y2 bacterium was added to microcystins present in culture medium, the microcystins were degraded thoroughly in 4 days. The highest degradation rates of microcystins‐RR and ‐LR were 13 and 5.4 mg L−1 day−1, respectively. The degradation rates were strongly dependent on temperature and the maximum rate was at 30°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 337–343, 2001
Integration of Cadmium Accumulation, Subcellular Distribution, and Physiological Responses to Understand Cadmium Tolerance in Apple Rootstocks

Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential and highly toxic element causing agricultural problems. However, little information is available about the variation in Cd tolerance among apple rootstocks and its underlying physiological regulation mechanisms. This study investigated Cd accumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms as well as physiological changes among four apple rootstocks exposed to either 0 or 300 μM CdCl2. The results showed that variations in Cd tolerance existed among these rootstocks. Cd exposure caused decline in photosynthesis, chlorophyll and biomass in four apple rootstocks, which was less pronounced in M. baccata, indicating its higher Cd tolerance. This finding was corroborated with higher Cd tolerance indexes (TIs) of the whole plant in M. baccata than those in the other three apple rootstocks. Among the four apple rootstocks, M. baccata displayed the lowest Cd concentrations in roots, wood, and leaves, the smallest total Cd amounts as well as the lowest BCF. In apple rootstocks, it was found that to immobilize Cd in cell wall and soluble fraction (most likely in vacuole) and to convert it into pectate- or protein- integrated forms and undissolved Cd phosphate forms may be the primary strategies to reduce Cd mobility and toxicity. The physiological changes including ROS, carbohydrates and antioxidants were in line with the variations of Cd tolerance among four apple rootstocks. In comparison with the other three apple rootstocks, M. baccata had lower concentrations of ROS in roots and bark, H2O2 in roots and leaves and MDA in roots, wood and bark, but higher concentrations of soluble sugars in bark and starch in roots and leaves, and enhanced antioxidants. These results indicate that M. baccata are more tolerant to Cd stress than the other three apple rootstocks under the current experiment conditions, which is probably related to Cd accumulation, subcellular partitioning and chemical forms of Cd and well-coordinated antioxidant defense mechanisms.
An Odor Interaction Model of Binary Odorant Mixtures by a Partial Differential Equation Method

A novel odor interaction model was proposed for binary mixtures of benzene and substituted benzenes by a partial differential equation (PDE) method. Based on the measurement method (tangent-intercept method) of partial molar volume, original parameters of corresponding formulas were reasonably displaced by perceptual measures. By these substitutions, it was possible to relate a mixture's odor intensity to the individual odorant's relative odor activity value (OAV). Several binary mixtures of benzene and substituted benzenes were respectively tested to establish the PDE models. The obtained results showed that the PDE model provided an easily interpretable method relating individual components to their joint odor intensity. Besides, both predictive performance and feasibility of the PDE model were proved well through a series of odor intensity matching tests. If combining the PDE model with portable gas detectors or on-line monitoring systems, olfactory evaluation of odor intensity will be achieved by instruments instead of odor assessors. Many disadvantages (e.g., expense on a fixed number of odor assessors) also will be successfully avoided. Thus, the PDE model is predicted to be helpful to the monitoring and management of odor pollutions.
A Role for the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Ocean Dynamical Thermostat

Reconstructions of sea surface temperature (SST) based on instrumental observations suggest that the equatorial Pacific zonal SST gradient has increased over the twentieth century. While this increase is suggestive of the ocean dynamical thermostat mechanism of Clement et al., observations of a concurrent weakening of the zonal atmospheric (Walker) circulation are not. Here we show, using heat and momentum budget calculations on an ocean reanalysis dataset, that a seasonal weakening of the zonal atmospheric circulation is in fact consistent with cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) and thus an increase in the zonal SST gradient. This cooling is driven by a strengthening Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) in response to decreased upper-ocean westward momentum associated with weakening equatorial zonal wind stress. This process can help to reconcile the seemingly contradictory twentieth-century trends in the tropical Pacific atmosphere and ocean. Moreover, it is shown that coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) do not correctly simulate this process; we identify a systematic bias in the relationship between changes in equatorial surface zonal wind stress in the EEP and EUC strength that may help to explain why observations and CGCMs have opposing trends in the zonal SST gradient over the twentieth century.
Issues of information and communication for new managerial approaches: The challenges of the French health system

Faced with the crisis of the Welfare State, France insists on a new territorialization of Health management and develops tools based on ICT. This crisis also concerns the methods of management and trust between actors. Informational and communicational issues exist at different levels with the challenges of traceability and interoperability. New uses of information for new managerial approaches can be considered, using interface organizations to overcome the divisions and promote cooperation. We aim at promoting a “Digital Humanism” adapted to the Health sector.
Ridge preservation after ridge expansion with simultaneous guided bone regeneration: a preclinical study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate ridge preservation after ridge splitting with simultaneous implant placement and guided bone regeneration (GBR) in a miniature pig model. MATERIAL AND METHODS In miniature pigs, the mandibular premolars and first molars were extracted together with removal of the interdental and buccal bone. Three months later, ridge splitting and expansion of the buccal plate were performed with simultaneous placement of two titanium implants per quadrant. On the test side, access by a mucoperiosteal flap followed by GBR with a biphasic calcium phosphate and a collagen membrane was performed. On the contralateral control side, a mucosal flap (MF), leaving the periosteum attached to the buccal bone, was elevated. After healing periods of 6 and 12 weeks, eight and four animals, respectively, were sacrificed for histological and histometric evaluation. RESULTS In the MF group, all 16 implants were osseointegrated, while in the GBR group, one bone fracture occurred, and six of 16 implants were lost. After 6 weeks, significantly higher bone crest levels were found for the GBR group than for the MF group both buccally and lingually (P < 0.001), and buccal bone thickness was greater in the GBR group than in the MF group (P < 0.001 at the implant shoulder [IS]). After 12 weeks, bone was significantly higher in the GBR group compared to the MF group. Furthermore, buccal bone thickness in the GBR group was 0.93, 4.5, and 5.94 mm at, and 2 and 4 mm apical to the IS, respectively. The corresponding values in the MF group were greatly reduced (0, 0.21, and 2.56 mm). Bone loss on the buccal side compared to the lingual side was significantly greater only in the MF group. CONCLUSIONS In this ridge expansion model in miniature pigs, the buccal bone volume was significantly better preserved with GBR when compared to a mucosal access flap, provided that soft tissue healing occurred complication free.
Doublecortin‐positive cells in the adult primate cerebral cortex and possible role in brain plasticity and development

We have demonstrated that cortical cell autografts might be a useful therapy in two monkey models of neurological disease: motor cortex lesion and Parkinson's disease. However, the origin of the useful transplanted cells obtained from cortical biopsies is not clear. In this report we describe the expression of doublecortin (DCX) in these cells based on reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunodetection in the adult primate cortex and cell cultures. The results showed that DCX‐positive cells were present in the whole primate cerebral cortex and also expressed glial and/or neuronal markers such as glial fibrillary protein (GFAP) or neuronal nuclei (NeuN). We also demonstrated that only DCX/GFAP positive cells were able to proliferate and originate progenitor cells in vitro. We hypothesize that these DCX‐positive cells in vivo have a role in cortical plasticity and brain reaction to injury. Moreover, in vitro these DCX‐positive cells have the potential to reacquire progenitor characteristics that confirm their potential for brain repair. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:775–789, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sentiment Value Propagation for an Integral Sentiment Dictionary Based on Commonsense Knowledge

With the rise of social media, sentiment analysis has become a popular research field in recent years. A sentiment dictionary plays an important role in sentiment analysis. To remedy the lack of Chinese sentiment dictionary, researches translate English sentiment dictionaries to Chinese before using them in their applications. However, cultural difference often causes such translations inaccurate. Moreover, some of the dictionaries have small vocabulary size and some of the dictionaries have only polarity labels or even no label instead of value labels. In the first part of the paper, we integrated several common sentiment dictionaries to get the sentiment seeds. Then, we proposed a self-training sentiment spreading activation to expand the sentiment values on Chinese Concept Net. Finally, we derived iSentiDictionary, a Chinese sentiment dictionary with 28,248 concepts and corresponding sentiment values.
Toward Optimal Deployment of Cloud-Assisted Video Distribution Services

For Internet video services, the high fluctuation of user demands in geographically distributed regions results in low resource utilizations of traditional content distribution network systems. Due to the capability of rapid and elastic resource provisioning, cloud computing emerges as a new paradigm to reshape the model of video distribution over the Internet, in which resources (such as bandwidth, storage) can be rented on demand from cloud data centers to meet volatile user demands. However, it is challenging for a video service provider (VSP) to optimally deploy its distribution infrastructure over multiple geo-distributed cloud data centers. A VSP needs to minimize the operational cost induced by the rentals of cloud resources without sacrificing user experience in all regions. The geographical diversity of cloud resource prices further makes the problem complicated. In this paper, we investigate the optimal deployment problem of cloud-assisted video distribution services and explore the best tradeoff between the operational cost and the user experience. We aim to pave the way for building the next-generation video cloud. Toward this objective, we first formulate the deployment problem into a min-cost network flow problem, which takes both the operational cost and the user experience into account. Then, we apply the Nash bargaining solution to solve the joint optimization problem efficiently and derive the optimal bandwidth provisioning strategy and optimal video placement strategy. In addition, we extend the algorithms to the online case and consider the scenario when peers participate into video distribution. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations to evaluate our algorithms in the realistic settings. Our results show that our proposed algorithms can achieve a good balance among multiple objectives and effectively optimize both operational cost and user experience.
KLP6: a newly identified kinesin that regulates the morphology and transport of mitochondria in neuronal cells

Mitochondria utilize diverse cytoskeleton-based mechanisms to control their functions and morphology. Here, we report a role for kinesin-like protein KLP6, a newly identified member of the kinesin family, in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. An RNA interference screen using Caenorhabditis elegans led us to identify a C. elegans KLP-6 involved in maintaining mitochondrial morphology. We cloned a cDNA coding for a rat homolog of C. elegans KLP-6, which is an uncharacterized kinesin in vertebrates. A rat KLP6 mutant protein lacking the motor domain induced changes in mitochondrial morphology and significantly decreased mitochondrial motility in HeLa cells, but did not affect the morphology of other organelles. In addition, the KLP6 mutant inhibited transport of mitochondria during anterograde movement in differentiated neuro 2a cells. To date, two kinesins, KIF1Bα and kinesin heavy chain (KHC; also known as KIF5) have been shown to be involved in the distribution of mitochondria in neurons. Expression of the kinesin heavy chain/KIF5 mutant prevented mitochondria from entering into neurites, whereas both the KLP6 and KIF1Bα mutants decreased mitochondrial transport in axonal neurites. Furthermore, both KLP6 and KIF1Bα bind to KBP, a KIF1-binding protein required for axonal outgrowth and mitochondrial distribution. Thus, KLP6 is a newly identified kinesin family member that regulates mitochondrial morphology and transport.
The role of dynamic modelling in understanding the microbial contribution to rumen function

Mechanistic models of microbial metabolism in the rumen aim at an improved understanding and integration for research purposes or at an improved prediction for practical purposes. The standard way of representing such models is the rate : state formalism. The system is defined by a number of state variables and a set of differential equations describe the change of the state variables with time. Three different types of solution to these dynamic models are distinguished, and examples of these solutions are described to illustrate the applications and contributions of dynamic modelling in the study of the rumen microbial ecosystem. Type I solutions are obtained when the system is in steady state and the differential equations are solved by setting the differentials to zero. An application of the type I solution is the indirect approach to quantifying the fibrolytic anaerobic fungi in the rumen. The solutions of the model describing the alternate life cycle of rumen fungi, with its free-swimming dispersal and particle-attached stages, appear to be consistent with ruminal and faecal observations. Type II solutions are obtained when the system is not in steady state but the differential equations can be integrated analytically. An application of this type of solution is the quantification of the growth and growth yield in batch cultures. Such models help to quantify the degradation of substrates in the rumen and to elucidate the interactions between groups of rumen micro-organisms. Type III solutions are obtained when the system is not in steady state and when the differential equations have to be solved numerically. Applications of the type III solutions are the rumen simulation models that describe substrate degradation, endproduct formation and microbial metabolism in an integrated manner. To illustrate this type III solution, a model of lactic acid metabolism in the rumen is defined, and its contribution to understanding of the paths and rates of lactic acid disappearance described. It is essential that the models are based on sound mathematical and biological principles. However, the various applications described in the paper show that models need not necessarily be complex and very detailed to contribute to better understanding.
A MDCT based harmonic spectral bandwidth extension method

Modern audio coding technologies apply methods of bandwidth extension (BWE) to efficiently represent audio data at low bitrates. An established method is the well-known spectral band replication (SBR) that is part of MPEG High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC). However, if the signal features a distinct harmonic spectral structure, the use of these methods tends to result in audible artifacts, because the harmonic structure is not reconstructed correctly. In this paper a bandwidth extension method is proposed which eliminates the undesirable effects and allows for an efficient implementation in the Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) domain. The proposed Harmonic Spectral Bandwidth Extension (HSBE) method uses arbitrary frequency shifts for modulating the replicated spectrum in a way that the harmonic structure of the signal is preserved. A listening test demonstrates the advantage of the proposed method compared to the state of the art.