Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Special Collection: New Advances in Subduction Zone Magma Genesis: Experimental formation of pyroxenite veins by reactions between olivine and Si, Al, Ca, Na, and Cl-rich fluids at 800 °C and 800 MPa: Implications for fluid metasomatism in the mantle wedge

Abstract Fluids buffered by a plagioclase matrix are experimentally reacted with olivine megacrysts at 800 °C and 800 MPa (piston-cylinder press, CaF2 assembly) to form secondary veins of orthopyroxene ± clinopyroxene in the olivine. Fluids utilized were varied in both amount (0–2 wt%) and salinity (0–8 M NaCl). Assuming equilibrium with the plagioclase matrix, they are presumed enriched in Si, Al, Ca, Na, and Cl and are thereby similar in composition to slab-derived fluids. The experiments provide controlled, multi-component analogs of Si-metasomatism in the mantle wedge above subduction zones. The veins are dominated by orthopyroxene with minor clinopyroxene and form complex interconnected networks along fractures in the olivine. The reaction is rate limited by interfacial process of dissolution and precipitation. Porosity is developed throughout the veins and along sub-grain boundaries in the olivine megacrysts. These veins strongly resemble the textures observed in secondary metasomatic orthopyroxene veins widely reported in upper mantle xenoliths within arc magmas. A review of literature data on natural samples and experiments suggests that orthopyroxene ± clinopyroxene veins primarily form between 750–950 °C and over a large pressure range from 0.8–3.4 GPa. The abundance and composition of these metasomatic veins may vary as a function of pressure, variances in the fluid-rock partition coefficients, and/or by modification of the metasomatic fluid during the reaction.
Top‐down and data‐based mechanistic modelling of rainfall–flow dynamics at the catchment scale

The data‐based mechanistic (DBM) approach to modelling has developed as a stochastic, ‘top‐down’ response to the problems associated with the deterministic, ‘bottom‐up’ approach. As such, it can be compared with the deterministic, top‐down modelling methods that have been attracting attention recently in the hydrological literature. Using catchment‐scale rainfall–flow modelling as an example, this paper compares the inductive DBM approach with its hypothetico‐deductive, deterministic alternative and shows how they can be used to identify and estimate low‐order, nonlinear models of the rainfall–flow dynamics in the River Hodder catchment of northwest England based on a limited set of rainfall–flow data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CALCULATION OF SOIL EROSION INTENSITY AND MAXIMUM OUTFLOW FROM THE ROVACKI RIVER BASIN, MONTENEGRO

The Polimlje catchment area in the north of Montenegro covers an area of around 2200 km 2 where the river Lim receives 57 tributaries. One of the watersheds is the Rovacki River Basin, where the authors of this paper studied physical-geographical characteristics. Research of the Polimlje area was performed by several authors, applying classical qualitative and quantitative methods, using many mathematical models and various mechanical instruments in what was a very complex and time-consuming process. Many factors have influenced the development of erosion processes in the territory of the subject river basin. The most significant factors are the area’s climate, relief, geological substrate and pedological composition, as well as the condition of the vegetation cover and the land use. The authors of this paper applied computer-graphic methods using "IntErO" software to calculate soil erosion intensity and maximum outflow. The research predicts that the maximal outflow (incidence for the next 100 years) from the river basin, Qmax, is 40 m 3 s -1 . The river basin belongs in „Destruction Category IV”, according to the classification system of Professor Gavrilovic. The strength of the erosion process is weak, and the type is mixed erosion. The real soil losses are 1371 m³/year (117 m³/km²/year). To support faster vegetation recovery and protect the region from erosion processes, some biological protection measures need to be applied. These would prevent rapid runoff and maintain low transport of erosion material. This would further support reforestation and the recovery of grass, shrubs and trees.
Home Range and Habitat Selection of a Reintroduced African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus) Pack in a Small South African Game Reserve

The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is an endangered species and South Africa has only one remaining viable population. Reintroduction of this species in South Africa is of high conservation priority and knowledge of the species' ecology is crucial for success. In this study, important information was gained regarding the reintroduction process although it ultimately failed. The current conservation plan for wild dogs incorporates such existing knowledge, but results from reintroductions (including failures) are needed to strengthen the strategy and its success. The main purpose of this study was to quantify home range area and habitat selection patterns of a wild dog pack unsuccessfully reintroduced into Mkhuze Game Reserve (MGR). A total of 847 radio-tracking fixes of the pack were collected. The home range area of the pack was estimated to be 383.9 km2 (100% minimum convex polygon method) or 377.9 km2 (95% fixed-kernel method), each value being larger than the area of the game reserve (360 km2). Significant monthly variations in home range areas of the pack were detected, with a maximum monthly home range area reached at ∼10 months after tracking began (19 months after the pack was reintroduced). Independent of season, the pack consistently selected Acacia nilotica low-closed woodland and consistently avoided riverine forest habitats. Small differences in home range areas of the pack were found between wet and dry seasons. The deaths of some wild dogs were the result of snares, and others may have been due to predation or hunting injuries. We present evidence that factors including game reserve area, availability of preferred habitat and climate may have contributed to the distribution patterns and ultimately the failure to maintain viable numbers during this wild dog reintroduction. The reintroduction of wild dogs to MGR was successful in that the introduced wild dogs bred, owing to the release of a pregnant female, but was considered unsuccessful since none of the dogs from the reintroduced pack survived or remained in MGR for more than two years. However, two wild dogs returned shortly after radio-tracking sessions ceased and were soon joined by another female from an adjacent game reserve.
Evaluation of a Roughness Length Model and Sea Surface Properties with Data from the Baltic Sea

The exchange of momentum between the oceans and atmosphere is important for many atmospheric and oceanic processes and is mainly governed by the roughness of sea surface. The roughness can be expressed by a roughness lengthz0. A roughness length model, based on the concept thatz0 is determined by stochastic wave breaking, is presented. The model performance is evaluated using measurements from the Ostergarnsholm site, in the Baltic Sea, and pertinent information from other recent investigations. The wave field and the roughness length variations are investigated during various sea state conditions dominated by wind-driven waves. It is found that several parameters, describing the characteristics of the wave field, are dependent on the amount of energy that long waves have relative to the energy of short, wind-driven waves of the sea spectrum (called the swell ratio). The impact of swell ratio onz0 can explain the discrepancies found in various results among relevant investigations. The roughness length model can well reproduce the observed rough- ness length.
Intelligent-Reflecting-Surface-Assisted UAV Communications for 6G Networks

In 6th-Generation (6G) mobile networks, Intelligent Reflective Surfaces (IRSs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as promising technologies to address the coverage difficulties and resource constraints faced by terrestrial networks. UAVs, with their mobility and low costs, offer diverse connectivity options for mobile users and a novel deployment paradigm for 6G networks. However, the limited battery capacity of UAVs, dynamic and unpredictable channel environments, and communication resource constraints result in poor performance of traditional UAV-based networks. IRSs can not only reconstruct the wireless environment in a unique way, but also achieve wireless network relay in a cost-effective manner. Hence, it receives significant attention as a promising solution to solve the above challenges. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive survey on IRS-assisted UAV communications for 6G networks. First, primary issues, key technologies, and application scenarios of IRS-assisted UAV communications for 6G networks are introduced. Then, we put forward specific solutions to the issues of IRS-assisted UAV communications. Finally, we discuss some open issues and future research directions to guide researchers in related fields.
Macrophages and platelets in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

During fibrosis, (myo)fibroblasts deposit large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins, thereby replacing healthy functional tissue. In liver fibrosis, this leads to the loss of hepatocyte function, portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, and increased susceptibility to infection. At an early stage, liver fibrosis is a dynamic and reversible process, however, from the cirrhotic stage, there is significant progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Both liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers of fibrosis progression, but can also induce its regression once triggers of chronic inflammation are eliminated. In liver cancer, they are attracted to the tumor site to become tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarized towards a M2- anti-inflammatory/tumor-promoting phenotype. Besides their role in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets can also stimulate fibrosis and tumor development by secreting profibrogenic factors and regulating the innate immune response, e.g., by interacting with monocytes and macrophages. Here, we review recent literature on the role of macrophages and platelets and their interplay in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Investigation on triaxial rheological mechanical properties of greenschist specimen (II): model analysis

Firstly based on the triaxial rheological curves of greenschist specimen on rock servo-controlling rheology equipment, five-component viscoelastic model is put forward to identify the curves that show the viscoelastic rheological properties, which gets the viscoelastic rheological parameters of greenschist. Then a new nonlinear viscous component is put forward. When nonlinear viscous component is parallel connected with the plastic component, a new nonlinear viscoplastic body (NVPB) can be gotten, which may reflect the accelerative rheological properties of rock. At the same time, by connecting NVPB model and five-component viscoelastic model in series, we can construct a new seven-component nonlinear viscoelastoplastic rheological model of rock. Then using complete accelerative rheological curve, proposed seven-component nonlinear viscoelastoplastic rheological model of rock is carried out the identification. The correlative parameters of nonlinear rheological model such as viscoelastic modulus and viscosity etc. are also gained. The comparison between the rheological model and experimental result shows that the nonlinear rheological model is right and reasonable.
Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts Language Arts

In this study, we examine the supportive and hindering factors that influenced 26 teachers’ implementation of pedagogy learned through a research-based, resource-intensive literacy PD initiative (100+ hours). Through post-intervention interviews, we explore the space between learning and enactment of new practices for literacy teaching and learning. Specifically, we ask, What are teachers’ perceptions of the contextual factors that support and hinder their moving from learning to implementation of literacy PD? Results indicate four primary supportive factors (PD facilitators, communities of practice, schools/ administrators, and student affective responses) and three primary hindering factors (circumstantial factors, lack of resources, and mismatches between school or district demands). Identifying and considering these factors is an important step toward increasing implementation, which serves as a gatekeeper between teacher learning and student outcomes.
Horizontal Ocean Circulation Forced by Deep-Water Formation. Part I: An Analytical Study

Abstract The horizontal ocean circulation generated by vertical convection is investigated analytically. The stratification is parameterized by a two-layer ocean and attention is focused on the spinup phase when the phenomena can be considered as linear. It is found that the response of the ocean to a two-dimensional idealized thermohaline forcing is baroclinic. A cyclonic gyre is generated in the upper layer, an anticyclonic gyre in the lower layer. Variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude causes the center of the gyre to drift westward at the speed of long baroclinic Rossby waves.
Determination of Performances of Domestic Walnut Varieties Obtained by Selection and International Commercial Varieties in Gaziantep Region

Calisma, Gaziantep yoresine en uygun ceviz cesitlerini belirleyerek, cesit onerisinde bulunabilmek ve soz konusu cesitleri bolge cifcisine kazandirmak amaciyla baslatilmistir. Adaptasyon parseli 2008-2011 yillari arasinda TUBITAK tarafindan desteklenerek, Antefistigi Arastirma Istasyonu Mudurlugu Amet Munir Bilgen Isletmesinde; Bilecik, Chandler, Howard, Maras-12, Maras-18, Midland, Pedro, Serr ve Şen-1 cesitleri ile 4 yinelemeli olarak ve her yineleme de 3 agac olacak sekilde, 7 x7 m dikim araliginda “Tesaduf Bloklari Deneme Deseni” ne gore kurulmustur. Calismada fenolojik ve pomolojik degerlendirmeler yapilmis, cesitlerin gelisme, habitus ozellikleri, antroknoz ve bakteriyel yaniklik durumlari incelenmistir. Arastirma, TAGEM tarafindan desteklenmekte olup, Antepfistigi Arastirma Istasyonu Mudurlugunce halen yurutulmektedir. Yapraklanma zaman siniflamasinda Pedro orta gec, Chandler ise gecci olmustur. Yaprak dokum siniflamasinda en erken Maras-12 ve Maras-18’de olmustur. Agacin gelisme kuvveti acisindan Midland cesidinde cok kuvvetli oldugu gozlenmistir. Agaclarin buyume habitusleri bakimindan; Pedro cesidi yayvan, digerler cesitler yari dik buyume gostermistir. Govde cap olcumunde; Şen-1 ve Midland cesitleri, anac capi olcumlerinde, Şen-1, Chandler ve Midland cesitleri en yuksek degerleri vermistir. Erkek puskul sadece Howard ve Pedro cesitlerinde olusmustur. Disi ciceklenme tarihleri bakimindan; en erken ciceklenme Howard cesidinde, en gec ciceklenme ise Chandler cesidinde gorulmustur. Midland ve Pedro cesitlerinden yeterli meyve alinmis ve pomolojik analiz yapilmistir. Tum yillarda antraknoz ve bakteriyel yanikligin onemli olcude zarar olusturmamis olup, yapilan uygulamalarla kontrol edilebilmis, dolayisiyla cesitler duzeyinde dayaniklilik yada hassasiyet olusumu gozlenmemistir
Association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability in 10-15 years old Chinese children: Evidence from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies

Background: At present, limited information is available concerning the association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability during childhood and adolescence, especially in regards to the epidemiological studies in China. Therefore, This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability in 10 to 15 year-old Chinese children. Methods: The dietary information, cognitive ability and sociodemographic data of 2029 children were retrieved from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Dietary patterns were assessed by principal component analysis (PCA). The association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability was determined using Ordinal-Logistic regression models. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified, namely, ‘High protein’, ‘High fat’ and ‘High salt-oil’. Following adjustment for gender, age, nationality, household registration, school types, parents’ education level, family learning environment, annual household income and family size, we found that an increase in ‘High protein’ pattern score was significantly associated with higher scores of mathematics test (OR=1.62, CI: 1.23~2.15; P=0.001), but not with those of vocabulary test (OR=1.21, CI: 0.93~1.58; P=0.149). Besides, an increase of ‘High fat’ pattern score was significantly associated with lower score of mathematics (OR=0.76, CI: 0.59~0.98; P=0.031) and vocabulary (OR=0.77, CI: 0.61~0.97; P=0.029) test. However, there was no significant association between ‘High salt-oil’ pattern and the score of mathematics (OR=0.99, CI:0.77~1.27; P=0.915) and vocabulary (OR=0.93, CI:0.73~1.18; P=0.544) test.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that ‘High protein’ pattern is positively associated with cognitive ability in Chinese children, while ‘High fat’ pattern exhibits a negative association.
Association between Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of Christian Orthodox Church Fasters and Non-Fasters in Greece

It is well known that the Mediterranean diet contributes to healthy living, prevention of non-communicable diseases, and longevity. A cross-sectional study was conducted with participants from Greece who follow the Mediterranean diet and were further divided into two categories: (i) Christian Orthodox Church (COC) religious fasters and (ii) non-fasters. Four-hundred individuals underwent anthropometric measurements, whereas information regarding dietary intake was collected via three 24 h diet recalls and a monthly food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns, whereas associations between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors were investigated with the general linear model. Non-fasters (n = 200) were found to consume significantly more beef, chicken, turkey, sausage, broth, fried potatoes, ketchup, and mustard, while consuming less seafood, snails, soya, tarama salads, fresh fruits, margarine, olives, and decaf coffee. Two distinct dietary patterns were identified in fasters: (i) the “Mixed Diet” and (ii) the “Plant-based/Fasting Diet” pattern. Moreover, three patterns were identified in non-fasters, and were identified as follows: (i) the “Western Diet”, (ii) the “Mixed Diet”, and (iii) the “Mediterranean-like Diet” pattern. No significant association was observed between dietary patterns and the prevalence of MetS in our population. Further epidemiological studies should evaluate the links between dietary patterns and MetS prevalence within the adult Greek population.
A Nondestructive Technique for Predicting the In Situ Void Ratio for Marine Sediments

Abstract This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35–70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25–40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6–0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1–1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner.
Volume Prediction Equations for Eucalyptus Hybrid in Punjab

Eucalyptus hybrid is an important tree for social and agro-forestry plantations in Punjab. Data from 111 felled trees ranging in diameter from 7.1 cm to 55.7 cm and height from 10.0 m to 36.4 m has been analysed to predict total wood volume over bark upto 5 cm thin end diameter. The paper concludes that Logarithmic model (with two variables , diameter and height) gives the best fit. The technique helps in stabilizing the variance and the model conforms to the theory of least squares. Results show that in Punjab , as compared to Chaturvedi's equations , the volume produced is slightly higher due to initial irrigation at the time of establishment.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of East-West Oriented Photovoltaic Systems for Buildings: A Technical-Economic-Environmental Approach

This research is based on achieving modular solutions for photovoltaic solar systems (PVSS) in buildings. Several studies tend to inadequately address the analysis of photovoltaic (PV) module orientation, often relying on the conventional south-facing orientation. The objective is to analyze and compare the influence of PV module orientation. Therefore, two proposed PVSS were analyzed, incorporating module orientation and inclination variations. A hotel electrical consumption study was conducted in 2018-2019. The incidence of shadows over the roofed surfaces of the building was analyzed from a three-dimensional model using Sketchup software. The annual and monthly generation, as well as the performance of the installation, were estimated using PVsyst software for each projected arrangement. An economic and environmental study was carried out for these proposals to remark on their feasibility and influence on environmental protection. As a result, the east-west oriented PV system is the most efficient and feasible with a peak power of 113.24 kWp and a Performance Ratio (PR) of 0.80. The east-west oriented proposal allows avoiding emissions of 301 421 TCO2 into the atmosphere. These promising results were due to both PV modules physical orientation and their lower daily working temperature. Also, an increase in electrical production per module and an optimization of the surface are achieved. These results highlight the significance of this research as they encourage the adoption of these systems, leading to improved investment recovery periods and enhanced environmental conservation efforts.