Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D IFF A UTO ML: D IFFERENTIABLE J OINT O PTIMIZA - TION FOR E FFICIENT E ND - TO -E ND A UTOMATED M A - CHINE L EARNING

The automated machine learning (AutoML) pipeline comprises several crucial components such as automated data augmentation (DA), neural architecture search (NAS) and hyper-parameter optimization (HPO). Although many strategies have been developed for automating each component in separation, joint optimization of these components remains challenging due to the largely increased search dimension and different input types required for each component. While conducting these components in sequence is usually adopted as a workaround, it often requires careful coordination by human experts and may lead to sub-optimal results. In parallel to this, the common practice of searching for the optimal architecture first and then retraining it before deployment in NAS often suffers from architecture performance difference in the search and retraining stages. An end-to-end solution that integrates the two stages and returns a ready-to-use model at the end of the search is desirable. In view of these, we propose a differentiable joint optimization solution for efficient end-to-end AutoML (DiffAutoML). Our method performs co-optimization of the neural architectures, training hyper-parameters and data augmentation policies in an end-to-end fashion without the need of model retraining. Experiments show that DiffAutoML achieves state-of-the-art results on ImageNet compared with end-to-end AutoML algorithms, and achieves superior performance compared with multi-stage AutoML algorithms with higher computational efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to jointly optimize automated DA, NAS and HPO in an en-to-end manner without retraining.
Estimating Time Preferences for Leisure

We study time preferences by means of a longitudinal lab experiment involving both monetary and non-monetary rewards (leisure). Our novel design allows to measure whether participants prefer to anticipate or delay gratification, without imposing any structural assumption on the instantaneous utility, intertemporal utility or the discounting functions. We find that most people prefer to anticipate monetary rewards (positive time preferences for money), but they delay non-monetary rewards (negative time preferences for leisure). These results cannot be explained by personal timetables and heterogeneous preferences only. They invite to reconsider the psychological interpretation of the discount factor, and suggest that the assumption that discounting is consistent across domains can lead to non-negligible prediction errors in models involving non-monetary decisions, such as labor supply models.
Sleep loss drives acetylcholine- and somatostatin interneuron–mediated gating of hippocampal activity to inhibit memory consolidation

Significance Sleep loss disrupts long-term storage of episodic and spatial memories that require activity in the hippocampus. We find that sleep deprivation in mice leads to selective disruption of activity-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in the hippocampus, which is normally increased in the hippocampus after learning. We used an unbiased approach to profile messenger RNAs associated with phosphorylated ribosomes and found evidence that cholinergic hippocampal inputs and somatostatin-containing hippocampal neurons are selectively activated with sleep deprivation. We find functional evidence supporting the idea that during sleep loss, activity in these two cell populations may act as an inhibitory gate, reducing the activity of dentate gyrus neurons. We find that this inhibitory gating mechanism is capable of disrupting memory consolidation. Sleep loss disrupts consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. To characterize effects of learning and sleep loss, we quantified activity-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (pS6) across the dorsal hippocampus of mice. We find that pS6 is enhanced in dentate gyrus (DG) following single-trial contextual fear conditioning (CFC) but is reduced throughout the hippocampus after brief sleep deprivation (SD; which disrupts contextual fear memory [CFM] consolidation). To characterize neuronal populations affected by SD, we used translating ribosome affinity purification sequencing to identify cell type–specific transcripts on pS6 ribosomes (pS6-TRAP). Cell type–specific enrichment analysis revealed that SD selectively activated hippocampal somatostatin-expressing (Sst+) interneurons and cholinergic and orexinergic hippocampal inputs. To understand the functional consequences of SD-elevated Sst+ interneuron activity, we used pharmacogenetics to activate or inhibit hippocampal Sst+ interneurons or cholinergic input from the medial septum. The activation of either cell population was sufficient to disrupt sleep-dependent CFM consolidation by gating activity in granule cells. The inhibition of either cell population during sleep promoted CFM consolidation and increased S6 phosphorylation among DG granule cells, suggesting their disinhibition by these manipulations. The inhibition of either population across post-CFC SD was insufficient to fully rescue CFM deficits, suggesting that additional features of sleeping brain activity are required for consolidation. Together, our data suggest that state-dependent gating of DG activity may be mediated by cholinergic input and local Sst+ interneurons. This mechanism could act as a sleep loss–driven inhibitory gate on hippocampal information processing.
Identification and Ranking of Risk Factors Affecting the Probability of Bank Fraud (Case Study, Isfahan Province Resalat Bank)

The purpose of the present study is to identify and rank the risk factors affecting fraud at Resalat Banks of Isfahan Province. This is an applied study in terms of purpose and it is a descriptive-survey study in method. The required data were collected using Delphi questionnaire in the period 2016-2017. The statistical population of the study consists of all experts working at Resalat Banks of Isfahan Province. The data of the study were analyzed through structural equations modeling using Smart PLS 2. The technical characteristics of the questionnaire including reliability and validity were examined in the measurement model, and the required modifications were made, and the structural coefficients of model were employed to examine the research hypotheses. Also, Friedman test was employed to rank the fraud risk factors. The findings of the research show that the factors of "financial stability", "liquidity", and the managers not following the internal controls and mandatory standards have been effective in fraud; also, the results showed, in ranking the factors, that the main reason for fraud is the managers not following the internal controls and mandatory standards where the intra-organizational security threats were ranked as the last priority.
3. ROLE OF THE CARNITINES IN THE BRAIN 3.1. Modulation in neurotransmission

A large body of evidence points to the positive effects of dietary supplementation of acetyl-Lcarnitine (ALC). Its use has shown health benefits in neuroinflammation, which is a common denominator in a host of neurodegenerative diseases. ALC is the principal acetyl ester of L-Carnitine (LC), and it plays an essential role in intermediary metabolism, acting as a donor of acetyl groups and facilitating the transfer of fatty acids from cytosol to mitochondria during betaoxidation. Dietary supplementation of ALC exerts neuroprotective, neurotrophic, antidepressive and analgesic effects in painful neuropathies. ALC also has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity. Moreover, ALC exhibits positive effects on mitochondrial metabolism, and shows promise in the treatment of aging and neurodegenerative pathologies by slowing the progression of mental deterioration. In addition, ALC plays neuromodulatory effects on both synaptic morphology and synaptic transmission. These effects are likely due to affects of ALC through modulation of gene expression on several targets in the central nervous system.
Celebrity Endorsement and Customer Patronage

In this study, we examined the effect of celebrity endorsement on customer patronage in consumer goods manufacturing industry in Rivers State Nigeria using crosssectional regression approach. The study also considered the moderating role of brand image in the relationship between celebrity endorsement and customer patronage. Celebrity endorsement were measured using three dimensions; namely, celebrity fit, celebrity credibility and celebrity expertise. On the other hand, customer patronage was measured in terms of brand choice, repeat purchase and customer referral. All variables were measured using the Likert scale with five ordered options from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Seventy-Six (76) final year marketing students from the three universities (University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State University and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education) in Rivers state constitute the sample. The students were randomly selected, and the response rate is 86%. The results show evidence that the three dimensions of celebrity endorsement; celebrity fit, celebrity credibility and celebrity, all have positive relationship with customer patronage. However, while the effect of celebrity fit and celebrity credibility both are highly statistically significant, the effect of celebrity expertise is significant only at 10% level. Also, the joint effects of celebrity fit, celebrity credibility and celebrity expertise is highly significant and explain approximately 82% of the variance of customer patronage. The results also show evidence of a highly significant positive effect of brand image on customer patronage both directly and through its interaction with celebrity endorsement. Therefore, we conclude that brand image enhances the relationship between celebrity endorsement and customer patronage in the consumer goods industry in Rivers State. Based on these findings, we recommend that consumer goods companies in Rivers State should advertise their products using only well-known celebrities that are credible, trustworthy, knowledgeable and whose physical appearances match with the products that are being promoted.
A Simulation Framework for Photon-Particle Interactions for Laserwires and Further Applications

A model has been developed for simulating photonparticle interactions with Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM). BDSIM is a high energy physics program that utilises the Geant4, CLHEP, and ROOT libraries to seamlessly track particles through an accelerator. The photon-particle interactions introduce the capability for modelling a range of applications in accelerator physics. One such application is a laserwire which is a minimally invasive diagnostic technique to measure beam profiles and emittance. In this paper we describe the recent implementation of inverse Compton scattering and electron stripping of Hydrogen ions. This is demonstrated in an example beamline.
TECHNICAL & TACTICAL ISSUES

Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in selected parameters of motor preparation of Oyama Karate athletes in training before championship competitions. The research involved ten male athletes at the Oyama Rzeszow Sports Club (aged 22.9 ± 12.3, training period 17.6 ± 8.5 years). Method. The anaerobic endurance (90-second test with a punching bag) and aerobic endurance (20 MSRT) and speed (circular kick, hip twist, two straight strikes) and jumping ability (squat jump-SJ and countermovement jump-CMJ) were tested. Results. The tests were carried out during the preparatory period and during the pre-competition period. Conclusion. The analysis shows that in all subsequent experimental studies an improvement or stabilisation of most of the analysed motor preparation parameters has been noted. © Idōkan Poland Association “IDO MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”, Vol. 19, no. 1S (2019), pp. 102–106 DOI: 10.14589/ido.19. 1S.16
The Importance of Small Banks for Exporting: Micro-Evidence from China

This paper leverages data from banking reform in China in 2007 to highlight the essential role of small banks in export expansion of Chinese exporters. Using modelconsistent micro evidence, I show that reduction of bank concentration increases credit availability for exporting firms, especially smaller ones, only when it is caused by the entry of small banks. These results are robust across various considerations. My findings provide the important policy implication that lowering entry barriers for small banks is an effective way to foster exports. JEL Classifications: G21,G28, L11, F14
Mechanical and Microscopic Characteristics of Polyurethane-Based Pervious Pavement Composites

Conventional pervious pavement materials (PPM) that consist of cement and aggregate materials are known for poor durability due to their brittle behavior. Thus, to enhance the durability, we fabricated polymeric PPMs from durable and abundant polyurethane (PU) and undertook mechanical and microscopic characterizations. PU-based PPM samples with varying aggregate sizes were produced and examined to test their compressive strength and water permeability. Furthermore, X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was implemented to analyze the samples’ pore and tortuosity characteristics. Through the micro-CT analysis, the morphological characteristics of PPM’s internal structures were identified and quantitively analyzed the correlations between the pore size distribution, connectivity, and tortuosity within the samples. Finally, the microstructures derived from micro-CT were generated as a finite element model and also numerically determined the stress distribution generated inside.
Evidence from rural communities in Niger

This paper provides fresh empirical evidence on the adaptation process to face climate changes through the analysis of original cross-sectional data collected at household-level in Niger. In particular, we identify the main drivers and barriers of crop and labour diversification, which constitute two livelihood strategies in mitigating the adaptation deficit. Secondly, the effectiveness of diversification practices is assessed by means of three complementary welfare measures, namely income changes, food security and the poverty gap. We find that, aside from climate shocks, the diversification level varies in response to the educational level of household members and spatial location as well as the adoption of information communication technologies. The impacts of diversification appear differentiated. While labour diversification is always positively associated with all the three welfare measures, positive coefficients of crop diversification are significant only when associated to food security. Robust causal inference confirms that anomalies in rainfall patterns and droughts in particular, induce adaptation responses, which result in welfare gains limited by a richer calorie intake, while the effects on income and severity of poverty appear detrimental.
PRIVATE VS. GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP OF NATURAL RESOURCES: EVIDENCE FROM THE BAKKEN *

: Governments own subsurface minerals in most countries but in the United States ownership is conveyed to private landowners. This paper uses the anticommons model to analyze a key tradeoff in resource productivity under the two systems. Under both forms of ownership, productivity decreases with the number of agents who can preclude mineral use. The number of government excluders depends on governance structure, but is invariant to the spatial scale of resource extraction. The number of excluders under private ownership varies with parcel size relative to extraction scale. We exploit a natural experiment to study the 2005-2015 “fracking” boom on the Bakken, one of the world’s richest shale plays. Historical events inadvertently created a mosaic of private and (tribal) government subsurface ownership on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation before oil was discovered. Some parcels are held by a single owner (fee simple) whereas others (allotted trust) are co-owned by an average of 15 people due to inheritance rules. We find that neighborhoods of private parcels attracted more production than government-owned areas of equivalent size but that production from private ownership decreases with subdivision into smaller parcels. Production under government ownership of a neighborhood exceeds production under private ownership if parcels are subdivided below five acres for fee simple or 63 acres for allotted trust. Scattered government holdings in mostly privatized neighborhoods dramatically reduce production and royalty earnings: consolidating allotted trust parcels into government ownership would have increased oil boom earnings by an amount exceeding income per capita from other sources. of Hawaii, UC-Riverside, Indiana U. , and the Property and Environment Research Center. We also thank attendees of conference and workshop sessions hosted by Simon Fraser U. , SIOE, UC Santa Barbara, WEAI, AERE, and the Midwest International Development Conference. We are grateful to Matt Kelly, an attorney of Tarlow and Stonecipher PLLC for helpful discussions about oil and gas leasing on the Bakken. of
Analyzing the Contribution of Road Traffic to Changes of Air Pollutants Using Random Forest: Insights from COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan

During the COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan, transportation, industrial production and other human activities declined significantly, as did the NO2 concentration. In order to assess the relative contributions of different factors to reductions of air pollutants, sensitivity experiments were implemented by random forest (RF) model, with the comparison of contributions of meteorology, road traffic, and emission sources between different periods. Besides, an emulator was operated to suggest an appropriate limit for control of transportation. The RF models showed different mechanisms for air pollutants. Within-city Migration index (WMI) was more important in the normal, pre-lockdown and post-pandemic model while Out-Migration Index (OMI) was emphasized in the lockdown model. In the COVID-19 lockdown period, 73.3% of the reduction can be attributed to the decreased road traffic, showing massive impact of road traffic on the air quality. In the post-pandemic period, meteorology controlled about 42.2% of the decrease and emissions from industry and household controlled 40.0% while road traffic only contributed to 17.8%. It was suggested that priority of restriction should be given to road traffic within the city. A limit of less than 40% on the control of the road traffic can get a better effect, especially for cities with severe traffic pollution.
olymer-based nanocapsules for drug delivery

A review of the state of knowledge on nanocapsules prepared from preformed polymers as active substances carriers is presented. This entails a general review of the different preparation methods: nanoprecipitation, emulsion–diffusion, double emulsification, emulsion-coacervation, polymer-coating and layer-by-layer, from the point of view of the methodological and mechanistic aspects involved, encapsulation of the active substance and the raw materials used. Similarly, a comparative analysis is
Soil property differences among high‐ and average‐yielding soya bean areas in Arkansas, USA

Soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] yields >6719 kg/ha (100 bu/ac) have only recently and infrequently been achieved. Quantifying soil property differences between high‐ and average‐yielding areas can help to further identify non‐plant‐related properties contributing to soya bean yield potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of region and soil depth on soil property differences between high‐ and average‐yielding areas. In each of the seven regions of the ‘Grow for the Green’ yield contest in Arkansas, prior to or just after harvest in 2014 and 2015, soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm of one contest high‐yield (HY) area that was in close proximity to an average‐yield (AY) area. Across all regions and both years, soya bean yields differed (P < 0.05) between yield areas, averaging 4701 and 5498 kg/ha in AY and HY areas, respectively. Averaged across soil depth and years, numerous soil properties differed (P < 0.05) between HY and AY areas within at least one of seven regions. Total soil C content was at least 20.2% greater in the HY than in the AY area in three of seven regions. Extractable soil P content was, on average, 19.4 kg/ha greater in HY than in AY areas in three of the seven regions. Results from this study have the potential to help producers better understand soil properties that contribute to or hinder achieving ultra‐high (>6719 kg/ha) soya bean yields.
AAAJ-03-2018-3400_proof 104..130

Purpose – Employing institutional logic and institutional work as its theoretical framework, this study analyzes scholars’ reactions to performance measurement systems in academia. Design/methodology/approach –Large datasetswere collected over time, combining both quantitative and qualitative elements. The data were gathered from a two-wave survey in 2010 (966 respondents) and 2015 (672 respondents), conducted among scholars performing teachingand research-oriented tasks in three Finnish universities. Findings – The analysis showed statistically significant changes over time in the ways that the respondents were positioned in three major groups influenced by different institutional logics. This study contributes to the international debate on institutional change in universities by showing that in Finnish universities, emerging business logics and existing professional logics can co-exist and be blended among a growing group of academics. The analysis of qualitative open-ended answers suggests that performance measurement systems have led to changes in institutional logic, which have influenced the scholars participating in institutional work at the microlevel in academia. Social implications – While most scholars remain critical of performance measurement systems in universities, the fact that many academics are adapting to performance measurement systems highlights significant changes that are generally occurring in academia. Originality/value –While most extant studies have focused on fieldand organizational-level analyses, this study focuses on understanding how the adoption of performance measurement systems affects institutional logic and institutional work at the microlevel. Moreover, the study’s cross-sectional research setting increases society’s understanding of institutional evolution in academia.
Influenza infection in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: rapid report from CO-CIN data

There are inherent caveats to this analysis of hospitalised patients. First, patients included were admitted between February and June 2020, where Influenza virus activity in hospital and the community was low. Second, there is a testing bias. Most laboratories prioritised SARS-CoV-2 over multiplex PCR testing during the first wave for lack of capacity. Influenza (± other respiratory virus) PCR tests were more likely to be performed in sicker patients that were admitted to critical care to rule out other treatable diseases. Finally, reporting bias is likely, where only positive results have been entered into this dataset, meaning there may be underreporting of patients who had a negative Influenza test. Similarly, these data cannot account for the effects of prior influenza vaccination which may attenuate disease severity, nor possible different risks and effects of having community acquired influenza rather than community acquired SARS-CoV-2 on likelihood of admission to hospital.