Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on triage of mentally disordered offenders in Belgium

Triage of forensic patients is a concern with growing interest. The present study focuses on the tri-age of mentally disordered offenders in belgium. Psychiatric prevalences and lengths of stay of high and medium risk facilities reported in publications and reports were analysed. It appears that foren-sic patients are triaged according to their diagnostic and risk profile. Lengths of stay increase with the risk level of institutions. Higher comorbidity and personality disorder rates were found in high risk settings, more primary diagnoses of psychotic disorders were found in medium risk facilities. Mental retardation and substance abuse were found to be transnosographic and were found in every risk level.
The short term influence of aboveground biomass cover crops on C sequestration and β-glucosidase in a vineyard ground under semiarid conditions

Tillage and semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions accelerate soil organic matter losses in Spanish vineyards. Previous studies showed that cover crops can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) in Mediterranean vineyards. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of two different cover crops in the short term on soil C sequestration in a semiarid vineyard and to study the potential use of both β-glucosidase enzimatic activity (GLU) and the GLU/SOC ratio in order to assess the SOC increase. The experiment was carried out in a cv. Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard on a Oxyaquic Xerorthent soil in Rioja winegrowing region (NE, Spain). The experimental design was established in 2009 with three treatments: conventional tillage; sown barley cover crop (Hordeum vulgare, L.); sown Persian clover cover crop (Trifolium resupinatum L.). Carbon in the aboveground biomass with each cover crop was monitored. Soil was sampled in June 2011 and June 2012, and SOC, GLU and the GLU/SOC ratio were determined. After 3 years both cover crops increased SOC at soil surface with C sequestration rates of 0.47 and 1.19 t C ha ‐1 yr ‐1 for BV and CV respectively. GLU and GLU/SOC ratio increased in both cover crops at 0-5 cm soil depth. The C sequestration rates and GLU were related to the cover crops aboveground biomass. In consequence, in semiarid vineyards under cover crops GLU could be an appropriate indicator to asses the increase of SOC and the soil quality improvement in the short-term (2-3 years).
Measurement of localized and systemic resistance of rice plant to Pyricularia grisea by foliar spray of chemical inducers

Defense mechanism of plants has been aware of its responses to attempted infection, its responses can be localized or systemic expression. Systemic acquired resistance recovered at 6 hours after spraying oxalic acid (8mM) and Na 2B4O7 (1mM) under green house condition. Fungitoxicity at concentrations of Na 2B4O7 of less than 6 mM did not affect the growth of Pyricularia grisea . Systemic acquired resistance expressed at 6, 24, 144 hours after spraying with Na 2B4O7 inoculation with challenger using fresh inoculum collected from leaves. Spraying natri tetraborac only induced local resistance at time of 6 hours in the treaments inoculated with blast race 006.4 culture. Natri teraborac could enhance stable resistance of rice plant to blast especially to fresh inoculum
Macro-microscopic standards of an abortifacient drug- langali (tubers of Gloriosa superba Linn.)

Gloriosa superba Linn. , a striking herbaceous tendril climber with underground cylindrical white tuberous root, forms as a source of Langali -a upavisha dravya. The root contains an alkaloid colchicine (0.23- 0.3%). Though a poisonous root, having the magnificent therapeutic benefit, deliberate attempt to record its standard macro-microscopic features by photomicrography is lacking. Matured, authenticated tuberous roots were collected from its natural habitat. Macro-microscopic and powder characters were recorded using standard methodology. Thin walled parenchymatous cells with plenty of simple and compound starch grains, collateral vascular bundles scattered in the ground tissue, and absence of any sclerenchymatous tissue are microscopic recordings of transverse section of root. The powder has shown the presence of starch grains and cells of scaly leaves in surface view. This study along with photographic atlas will serve as reference for the correct identification of the drug and to differentiate it from their substitute and adulterants.
Variation of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) accessions in India and identification of high yielding types

Tree growth, production, and fruit quality of the eight sweet orange accessions were compared with the commercial sweet orange varieties Jaffa and Valencia Late. After 10 years of evaluation all strains showed better growth than check cultivars under Delhi conditions. Among the selections, MS-13 showed the lowest and MS-7 the highest canopy volume after 10 years growth. None of the selection covered the soil surface area allotted to tree growth even after 10 years growth. Accessions MS-13 (31.07 kg/tree/year), MS-7 (23.36 kg/tree/year) and MS-3 (20.35 kg/tree/year) and MS-5 (17.51 kg/tree/year) were the most productive selections. Total soluble solids and acidity among the accessions were very close to check cultivars. All the accessions had more than 40% juice recovery, however, MS- 16, MS-17, MS-2 and MS-1 had the higher juice content. Based on overall performance, MS-5, MS-13, MS-17, and MS-7 found promising selections for citrus industry.
An Expanded Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) to include Carpolepis and Tepualia Based on Nuclear Genes

Abstract The genus Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) comprises 50–60 species found largely across the Pacific Islands. The relationships within this genus, including the circumscriptions of the subgenera Mearnsia and Metrosideros and their relationships with the other members of the tribe Metrosidereae (namely the New Caledonian endemic genus Carpolepis and the South American Tepualia), are poorly understood. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using previously published ITS sequences, covering most species of the tribe, and new sequences of five single-copy nuclear genes with a reduced taxon sampling. The independent and combined analyses of the five nuclear genes using a range of approaches, including Bayesian single-gene, concatenated (MrBayes), concordance (BUCKy) and coalescent (*BEAST) analyses, yielded different topologies, indicating important conflicts among phylogenies based on individual genes. The deep relationships within the tribe Metrosidereae remain poorly resolved, but our results indicate that the species of Carpolepis and Tepualia are likely nested in the genus Metrosideros. A broad circumscription of the genus Metrosideros is therefore adopted, and the new combinations Metrosideros laurifolia var. demonstrans, Metrosideros tardiflora and Metrosideros vitiensis are here published.
The Kinetics of Locomotion of the Grass-Snake

1. The coefficient of sliding friction between the ventral or lateral surface of a grass-snake varies from 0.2 to 0.6 according to the nature of the surface over which the animal is moving. 2. The distribution and magnitude of the external forces acting against a moving snake has been determined for (i) an animal moving through a close-fitting zigzag channel, and (ii) an animal gliding past one or more rigid pegs. The pattern of muscular effort required for these two types of motion is described. Forward movement is due to the operation of the vertebral column as a series of levers. 3. For a freely moving snake the propulsive force is of the order of one-third of its total body weight; when motion is artificially restrained a grass-snake can sustain a pull of four or five times its own weight. 4. The circumstances under which a snake can exhibit typical terrestrial locomotion as opposed to the movements exhibited in water are fundamentally similar to those of a quadruped such as a toad.
MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON : A STUDY ON SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION IN AL-JUBAIL l

Species diversity and standing crop of phytoplankton in intake seawater were regularly monitored during Oct. 1989 - Sep. 1991. Changes in the standing crop of phytoplankton in the feed water showed a summer maxima (Apr. -Aug.), and it remained more or less the same rest of the year. Significant increase in phytoplankton was observed during ‘90 ‘91 period compared to the previous year, the increase being 25 - 250 70. Phytoplankton in this region was principally composed of diatoms and dinoflagellates. Diatoms were dominant, both in number and variety. During the present study a total of 89 taxa were identified and recorded - 48 diatoms and 41 dinoflagellates. Importance of plankton density in feed waterpretreatment is discussed. Results of the study are compared with other reports on phytoplankton in the Gulf region.
A survey of South African silage for fungi and mycotoxins

Samples silages, mainly maize, from dairy farms in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa were obtained and analysed for fungi and mycotoxins with a view to ascertaining if there were any dangerous levels of these contaminants present. The silage was also examined for dry matter, pH, yeasts and bacteria and these were found to vary from area to area but did not show any striking differences from other studies. Fungi were detected by a serial dilution technique using restriction agar. Several species of the mycotoxin-producing genera, namely Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium were found. The most predominant of these was Aspergillus fumigatus, a known human pathogen, whereas Fusarium spp. were not present to any degree indicating their suppression by the ensiling process, as maize in the field is susceptible to these fungi. Mycotoxins were detected by thin layer chromatography, Vicam immuno-affinity clean-up system and high performance liquid chromatography. Four (total aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A and zearalenone) mycotoxins were found in varying quantities in the silage, while fumonisins were only found in chopped maize samples. Cytotoxicity testing was performed on human blood monocytes using mycotoxin positive and negative extracts. The results showed that cytotoxicity testing could be applied to silage extracts as a preliminary screen to detect mycotoxins. Consequently, the results indicate that maize silage can be a source of mycotoxins in the food chain, which is of particular importance where dairy cattle consume aflatoxins, due to possible contamination of milk with aflatoxin M1.
Molecular evidence for double maternal origins of the diploid hybrid Hippophae goniocarpa (Elaeagnaceae)

Homoploid hybrid plant species are rare, and the mechanisms of their speciation are largely unknown, especially for homoploid hybrid tree species. Two contrasting hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of Hippophae goniocarpa: (1) it is a diploid hybrid originating from H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis x H. neurocarpa ssp. neurocarpa, and (2) it originated via marginal differentiation from H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis. Regardless of which of these hypotheses is true (if either), previous studies have suggested that H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis is the only maternal donor for this hybrid species. In this study, we aim to elucidate the maternal composition of H. goniocarpa and to test the two hypotheses. For this purpose, we sequenced the maternal chloroplast DNA trnL-F region of 75 individuals representing H. goniocarpa, H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis, and H. neurocarpa ssp. neurocarpa in two co-occurring sites of the taxa. Seven haplotypes were identified from three taxonomic units, and their phylogenetic relationships were further constructed by means of maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and network analyses. These seven haplotypes clustered into two distinct, highly divergent lineages. Two haplotypes from one lineage were found in H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis, and five (representing the other lineage) in H. neurocarpa ssp. neurocarpa. Hippophae goniocarpa shared four common haplotypes from both lineages, but the haplotypes detected from the two populations differed to some extent, and in each case were identical to local haplotypes of the putative parental species. Thus, both H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and H. neurocarpa ssp. neurocarpa appear to have together contributed to the maternal establishment of H. goniocarpa. These results clearly demonstrate that the marginal origin hypothesis should be rejected, and support the hybrid origin hypothesis. Hippophae goniocarpa exhibits a sympatric distribution with its two parent species, without occupying new niches or displaying complete ecological isolation. However, this species has effectively developed reproductive isolation from its sympatric parent species. Our preliminary results suggest that H. goniocarpa may provide a useful model system for studying diploid hybrid speciation in trees. (c) 2008 The Linnean Society of London.
Spatial patterns of macroinvertebrate diversity in New Zealand springbrooks and rhithral streams

Abstract Spatial patterns in macroinvertebrate communities were examined in 4 to 5 rheocrene springbrooks and 4 to 5 nearby rhithral streams in 4 different regions of New Zealand. Physicochemical attributes of springbrooks and rhithral streams were similar, but springbrooks were more stable. Standing crops of periphyton biomass, epilithic C, and organic matter were greater and more variable in springbrooks than in rhithral streams. The number of macroinvertebrate taxa and the total number of individuals were greater at more stable sites. Altitude, habitat stability, and food resource levels were the best predictors of the number of macroinvertebrate taxa, whereas pH, PO4 concentration, habitat stability, and food resource levels were the best predictors of the total number of individuals at a site. Differences in the number of macroinvertebrate taxa between Northern Hemisphere and New Zealand springbrooks may be related to the larger diversity of macroinvertebrate predators in New Zealand springbrooks and to the fact that many New Zealand invertebrates do not use temperature-mediated life-history cues. Altitude, which limits invertebrate dispersal, also may play an important role in determining the maximum number of macroinvertebrate taxa in a given stream. A dispersal–stability framework is proposed to explain the observed patterns of macroinvertebrate diversity in these streams. The general pattern of noninsect dominance in lowland springs may be the result of the interaction between dispersal ability and the effects of the last glaciation.
Study of Monstrilloida distribution (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Southwest Atlantic

The Monstrilloida is one of the least known orders of planktonic Copepoda. Taxonomic and ecological work on the group has been limited by the rarity of specimens, which occur in plankton only as adults. The material examined was collected during zooplankton surveys in neritic and oceanic areas off the coast of Brazil. Sampling was carried out between April 1984 and October 1999. Data from collections made off the coast of Argentina were also analysed. Fifteen monstrilloid species: Monstrilla brasiliensis, M. grandis, M. helgolandica, M. rugosa, M. careli, M. pustulata, M. satchmoi, M. bahiana, Cymbasoma cf. longispinosum, C. quadridens, C. cf. rigidum, C. rochai, C. gracilis, Monstrillopsis dubia and M. fosshageni are reported herein for the Southwest Atlantic (5-50° S). The species groups were associated with three areas, each with different conditions of temperature and salinity. The tropical species association occurred off the northeast Brazilian coast with temperatures ranging from 20.5 to 29.1 oC and salinities from 35.6 to 37.5, indicating the presence of the Shelf and Tropical Waters in the region. The subtropical species association occurred off the central coast with temperatures between 21.0 and 29.6 oC and a salinity range of 27.5-35.8, and is related to the coastal and shelf waters. A subantarctic species association occurred off the coast of Argentina, with temperatures between 12.3 and 19 oC and a salinity range of 33.0-34.0.
Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) controls Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) despite behavioural differences between aphid clones that are associated with MACE-based insecticide resistance

The predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) was equally effective against two clones of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) that differed in their insecticide resistance profile. This differs from results of similar experiments with Aphidius colemani (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the same clones of M. persicae.
Chemical compsition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of tubers of Cyperus rotundus Linn. collected from Dehradun (Uttarakhand)

Cyperus rotundus a member of family Cyperaceae is a perennial,stoloniferous herb.The essential oil (0.2%) was extracted by hydrodistillation from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus collected from Balawala(Dehradun),Uttarakhand. The hydrodistilled oil was subjected to GC-MS analysis.Sixteen compounds were identified constituting 67.546% of the total oil. The major components were oxo-isolongifolene (16.268%),α-gurjunene(10.219%) and (z)-Valerenyl acetate (8.888%) and α-salinene(4.480%). The oil was screened for its antimicrobial potential. The oil was found to be effective against various bacterial and fungal strains viz. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium oxysporum in different concentrations.
Prevalence of mimosine and DHP toxicity in cattle grazing Leucaena leucocephala pastures in Queensland, Australia

A postal survey of the level of awareness of leucaena toxicity and an on-farm study of the toxicity status of Queensland cattle herds grazing leucaena were conducted to investigate the prevalence of mimosine and dihydroxypyridine (DHP) toxicity in Queensland. In total, 195 of 356 graziers surveyed responded to the postal survey. Sixty-three percent had inoculated their cattle with in vitro Synergistes jonesii inoculum (produced in an anaerobic fermenter) and 30% of these had inoculated more than once. The remainder used inappropriate procedures. Many graziers (43%) had occasionally observed toxicity symptoms of hair loss and poor animal growth rates. In the on-farm study, the toxicity status of 385 animals in 44 individually managed herds on 36 properties was determined by urine analysis of mimosine and DHP concentrations. No animals were experiencing mimosine toxicity, based on low concentrations of this compound found in the urine. Using the criterion that average herd urine concentrations of DHP >100 μg/mL was indicative of subclinical toxicity, 48% of herds were exposed to subclinical toxicity due to dominant 3,4-DHP (21%) or dominant 2,3-DHP (27%) toxicity; many of these herds had been inoculated with S. jonesii and were thought to be protected. The finding that 27% of herds were excreting high concentrations of 2,3-DHP was unexpected. Statistical analysis of herd-management data revealed that the method used by graziers to inoculate their herds was significantly (P < 0.05) but weakly linked to herd protection status. It was concluded that subclinical 3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP toxicity remains a problem in Queensland and is likely to be limiting animal production in a significant number of cattle grazing leucaena-grass pastures.
Biogeographical and Ecological Factors Affecting the Altitudinal Variation of Mountainous Communities of Coprophagous Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a Comparative Study

Abstract The altitudinal variation in the richness and composition of communities of coprophagous beetles in a mountainous landscape in Mexico is analyzed and the results obtained are compared with those of similar studies carried out in other parts of the world. Two nonexclusive processes are proposed as responsible for the assemblage of mountain fauna: horizontal colonization by elements originating from lineages distributed at higher latitudes and vertical colonization by lineages distributed at the same latitude but at different altitudes. The current analysis supports the hypothesis that when the horizontal colonization dominates, mountain faunas show a clear altitudinal substitution between large taxa with different evolutionary histories (e.g., Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae) and the gradient of reduction in species richness is attenuated. This occurs in mountains of different continents and depends primarily on the degree of isolation and general orientation of the mountain ranges. Conversely, when vertical colonization dominates, mountain faunas show only slight altitudinal substitution, and the reduction in richness is greater.
Performance of genetically improved Nile tilapia compared with red hybrid tilapia fed diets containing two protein levels

A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the interaction between tilapia genotype and dietary protein level on the growth, feed utilization efficiency and body composition of Nile tilapia [Oreochromis niloticus L. , F9 generation of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain] and red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Two isoenergetic diets (15.5 kJ g−1 diet) containing 25% or 35% crude protein were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of tilapia (12.8±0.2 g) at a fixed daily ration of 4% of their body weight. The growth performance of the GIFT tilapia fed 25% or 35% dietary protein was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with red tilapia at either protein level. Increasing the dietary protein level by 10% led to a further 10% increase in the final weight of GIFT tilapia but no further increase was observed in the weight gain of red tilapia. Growth was influenced by the interaction between diet and tilapia genotype. Feed conversion ratios were 14% and 33% better in GIFT tilapia compared with red tilapia fed the 25% or 35% protein diet respectively. Protein efficiency ratio and net protein utilization were influenced by both diet and tilapia genotype, but not the interaction between the two. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein did not differ significantly between the two diets and tilapia genotypes but lipid digestibility was 1.2–4.7% higher for the GIFT tilapia. Tilapia whole-body protein content was significantly influenced by both diet and tilapia genotype. The higher growth potential, better feed utilization efficiency and higher body protein content of GIFT tilapia compared with red tilapia should have a positive impact on tilapia farming in terms of production costs.
Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite genetic differentiation in the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus L.

The European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus is currently one of the principal target species for commercial fisheries in Europe, and most stocks are overfished at present. In this work, specimens were sampled in the Bay of Biscay (Cantabrian, Basque Country, and French coasts) in 2009 and also in the Mediterranean (Adriatic Sea). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; cytochrome b and 16S) was sequenced, and 14 nuclear microsatellites showing high and low levels of polymorphism were arranged in three multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) systems and genotyped. Two main ancient mitochondrial clades were found. These clades are separated by 15 mutational steps and 1.7% sequence divergence, corresponding to a separation time of 0.5 million years ago. Our results using both mtDNA and microsatellites suggest the presence of at least three genetically differentiated groups: the west Cantabrian Sea, the rest of the populations in the Bay of Biscay, and the Mediterranean. Although it is known that western Iberian Atlantic populations of E. encrasicolus may be genetically different from those of the Bay of Biscay, the results suggest that the transition between these groups may be as close as a 100 km and that a recent genetic homogenization process in the eastward area of the Bay of Biscay has probably occurred.