Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Osmotically Active Substances in Winter Wheat Leaves as Related to Drought Resistance of Different Genotypes)

Water stress increased mono-saccharides and decreased di-saccharides concentration in four field grown genotypes, regardless of their different drought susceptibility. Sandy, a USA genotype known for giving satisfying yields in droughty environments, outstood the other cultivars in terms of betaine and proline concentration in leaf tissues; these aminoacids are therefore considered responsible for the most negative Ψs perceived in this cultivar. PV-curve technique revealed for Tullio, the drought susceptible Italian genotype, an osmotic adjustment of –0.63 MPa, four times greater than in Pandas, though this drought resistant cultivar showed a similar content in osmotically active substances; the authors therefore hypothesize an alternative mechanism in the response to water shortage in Tullio. Zusammenfassung Synthese osmotisch aktiver Substanzen bei Winterweizenblattern in Beziehung zur Durreresistenz unterschiedlicher Genotypen Durch Wasserstres wurden bei vier im Feld angebauten Genotypen die Konzentrationen der Mono-Saccharide erhoht und die der Di-Saccharide erniedrigt; dies trat unabhangig von der Durreempfindlichkeit der Genotypen auf. Sandy, ein USA-Genotyp, der fur befriedigende Ertrage unter Durrebedingungen bekannt ist, ubertraf die anderen Kukivare im Hinblick auf Betain- und Prolin-Konzentrationen in den Blattgeweben. Diese Aminosauren werden daher als verantwortlich fur die meist negativen ψs, die in den Kultivaren gefunden werden, verantwortlich gemacht. PV-curve-Technik zeigte fur Tullio, den durreempfindlichen italienischen Genotyp, eine osmotische Anpassung von –0,63 MPa, viermal groser als bei Pandas, obwohl dieser durreresistente Kultivar einen vergleichbaren Gehalt in osmotisch aktiven Substanzen aufwies. Die Verfasser gehen daher davon aus, das ein alternativer Mechanismus in der Reaktion auf Wassermangel bei Tullio wirksam wird.
Multivariate Analysis of the Primary Production in a Tropical High Mountain Lake in Mexico

ABSTRACT The relationships between meteorological and physicochemical features and phytoplanktonic chlorophyll a, b and c concentrations in the water from the tropical high mountain Lake El Sol were explored with principal components analysis and canonical correlation. The first three principal components (PC) explained 73.5% of the variation. Minimum and average air temperature, wind speed, sulfates and hardness had greatest weights on the first PC, which explained 35.9% of the data variation. Rainfall, nitrates, TN/PPO4 ratio and conductivity contrasted with chlorophyll b, maximum air temperature, and nitrite and explained 19.8% of the data variation. Cloudiness, water temperature, CO2 and pH contrasted with light and chlorophyll a and had greatest weights on the third PC, which explained 17.8% of the data variation. A biplot of PC1 vs PC2 showed a meteorological gradient that, together with a chemical gradient in the water, grouped the samples into cold-dry and warm-rainy seasons. Also, a secondary gradient of nitrate and ions, contrasting with maximum air temperature and nitrite, was defined. Finally, a third gradient of cloudiness, water temperature, CO2 and pH, contrasted with percent light attenuation and chlorophyll a suggested a significant time lag between physical inputs and biological outputs. Canonical correlation between variables pointed out the preponderant effect of climate on the physicochemical features.
IL-10-related cellular cytokines and their receptors: new targets for inflammation and cancer therapy

IL-10 is an important mediator of immunoregulation, which exerts potent immunosuppressive activity by downregulating monocytic cell and T cell activation. Recently, five novel human cytokines structurally related to IL-10 and designated IL-19, -20, -22, -24 and -26 have been identified through genomic methods. All are secreted α-helical proteins whose amino acid sequences show 20 – 30% identity to that of IL-10. Furthermore, all the known cell surface receptors utilised by these cytokines are heterodimers of transmembrane subunits that belong to the Class II cytokine receptor family and signal predominantly through Janus kinases (JAKs)–signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways. Preliminary characterisation of the biological activities of these new IL-10 family members has demonstrated that they all lack the immunosuppressive activity of IL-10 but perform diverse roles in mediating inflammatory responses in a variety of tissues. In particular, IL-19, 20 and -22 may be involved in skin inflammation, such as psoriasis. Moreover, adenovirus expression of IL-24 has antitumour activity and is being evaluated for cancer gene therapy. The potential of these cytokines and their receptors as therapeutic targets for inflammatory or malignant diseases has prompted considerable interest in both academia and the biopharmaceutical industry. This article provides an updated overview of the molecular and functional properties of these molecules and discusses the associated patent literature.
The Dawn Bat, Eonycteris spelaea Dobson (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) Feeds Mainly on Pollen of Economically Important Food Plants in Thailand

The diet of E. spelaea was determined for bats captured monthly between June 2002-June 2003 at a cave entrance in Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand. Faecal analysis and pollen collected from the bats’ fur were used to identify the plant species ingested. From 1,155 diet records from 506 samples, at least eleven plant taxa were identified. Individual bats feed on flowers of up to six plant species each night. Parkia spp. (34%) and Musa spp. (28%) have the highest percentage frequency followed by Eugenia spp. (9.4%), Oroxylum indicum (6.4%), Durio zibethinus (6.2%), Ceiba pentandra (5.5%), Sonneratia spp. (5.2%), while Cocos nucifera and an unknown plant species, made up a minor proportion (<2.5%). Parkia and Musa were the main dietary items of E. spelaea in nearly every month, while the remaining components of the diet varied seasonally. Durio spp. is an important contributor to the diet during March–April (39–42%). The results from pollen collected from fur generally corresponded with those from faecal analysis, but Musa spp. had a higher percentage frequency on the fur (34%) than Parkia spp. (23%). The dawn return patterns of the bats to their roosts differ significantly between sexes. Most mature males return early in the night while most females return at dawn. Earlier returning males were significantly heavier than those returning later. This return pattern is similar to that reported during the breeding period for those polygynous fruit bats that maintain a harem. Thus, these results suggest that E. spelaea may exhibit a resource-defence polygynous mating system.
Changes between consecutive broods in the fecundity of the spider crab, Maja brachydactyla

An analysis of the fecundity of Maja brachydactyla and the possible causes for its variability was carried out during two breeding cycles in the Ria de Arousa (Galicia, NW Spain). Based on brood samples with known weight data, subsample counts were taken of the number of eggs (125 081 -530 309 eggs), and dry weight and volume of individual eggs were recorded. The main cause of variability in egg number and dry weight of the broods was female body length. Moreover, the size of the broods during the two breeding cycles and of subsequent broods exhibited significant differences in terms of both fecundity (p , 0.05) and brood dry weight (p , 0.05). The first broods contained fewer, larger eggs (a greater energy investment per egg), whereas subsequent broods contained more, smaller eggs (less energy investment per egg).
Diffusive protofilament switching of kinesin-8 investigated with optical tweezers

The budding yeast Kinesin-8 Kip3 is a highly processive motor protein that walks to the end of microtubules and shortens them in a collective manner [1]. Microtubules usually consist of 12 to 15 circularly-arranged tubulin polymer chains, called protofilaments. Left-handed rotations of microtubules in Kip3 gliding assays indicate sideward motion of Kip3 perpendicular to the microtubule axis [2], i.e. a switching between single protofilaments. Here, we used a high-resolution optical tweezers setup in a force feedback mode to apply sideward loads on single motor proteins. Our studies show that Kip3 steps sideward in both directions under alternating sideward loads. In control experiments with immobilized Kip3 and not protofilament switching kinesin-1, we measured no effective sideward motion. Statistical analysis and comparison with simulations propose a diffusive motion of Kip3 on the microtubule lattice with a preference to the left with respect to the direction of forward motion. This is consistent with the gliding assays. Protofilament switching has implications for the suggested mechanical signaling role of Kinesin-8 in budding yeast with respect to its ability to bypass obstacles.
Feed Consumption Pattern of Laying Hens in Relation to Time of Oviposition

A total of sixty 67 week-old Manina White strain laying hens were individually housed in cages to investigate feed consumption pattern during the day in relation to time of oviposition. Hourly feed intake and time of oviposition were recorded for each bird for seven days. Mean hourly feed intake of all hens showed a smaller peak at 10:00-12:00 and a larger peak at 17:00-19:00. There were no significant differences in amount of daily feed consumption and hourly eating pattern between egg-laying days and non-laying days. However, hens consumed about 10 g more feed (p<0.01) on egg-forming days (the day before oviposition) than on non-egg- forming days. Hourly feed intake decreased prior to oviposition, but increased immediately during the time of oviposition. The peak consumption during the evening hours (17:00-19:00) was consistent regardless of the time of oviposition. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 3 : 371-373)
Genetic analysis for yield and yield contributing variables in upland cotton

A diallel analysis of F 1 crosses involving six upland cotton genotypes to evaluate the population’s genetic potential, and genetic effects involved in the inheritance of yield and yield contributing traits was conducted during 2009 and 2010 at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The adequacy of the additive-dominance model was fully adequate for plant height and partially suitable for other variables. Larger values of dominance (H 1 , H 2 ) than additive (D) genetic components of variation showed that traits were primarily governed by non-additive gene action. Unequal proportions of positive (U) and negative (V) alleles in loci (H 2 <H 1 ) with asymmetrical distribution of genes was observed in the parents (H 2 / 4H 1 <0.25 and F was different from zero) for all the variables. The ratio of H 2 /4H 1 was below than maximum value (0.25) for all variables, which arises when U=V=0.5 over all loci. Broad sense heritabilities were higher; however, most of the variables manifested desirable medium narrow sense heritabilities with perceptible genetic gain. Negative correlation between Wr + Vr and parental means (y) for plant height, bolls plant -1 , boll weight and lint %, and positive correlation for seed cotton yield, indicated that parents containing dominant and recessive genes, respectively were responsible for their increased mean values. The F 1 hybrids of cultivars CIM-473, CIM-554, CIM-506 viz., CIM-473 × CIM-554, CIM-506 × CIM-554, CIM554 × CIM-707 and their reciprocals showed best performance for seed cotton yield and its contributing variables. These F 1 hybrids could be used for hybrid cotton; however, the desirable narrow sense heritability indicates that selection would be effective in early segregating generations.
Indirect Effects in Boreal Ant Assemblages: Territorial Wood Ants Protect Potential Slaves Against Enslaving Ants

Abstract. The facultative enslaver Formica sanguinea Latr. uses as slaves F. fusca L. and other species of the subgenus Serviformica For. Earlier observations have shown or suggested that strong territorial wood-ant species, by defending their own territories, interfere with raids by F. sanguinea such that colonies of potential slave species gain protection against raids. At the population level, such protection should be visible as higher nest densities of F. fusca within than outside wood-ant territories, when both areas are within raiding distance of F. sanguinea. Here we tested this hypothesis by mapping nest densities of F. fusca. As expected, nest densities of F. fusca were higher within than outside wood-ant territories. In contrast, nest densities of two aggressive species, Lasius platythorax Seifert and L. niger (L.), unsuitable as slaves, were as expected lower within than outside wood-ant territories. Our results concur with earlier studies based on pitfall trapping, baiting experiments, and in situ observations on raids. The results also show that the positive impact of indirect protection provided by wood ants against raids may outweigh the direct negative impact of wood ants on F. fusca nesting within their territories. We discuss the geographic and habitat cooccurrences of wood ants, enslavers and potential slave species, and coverage of efficient indirect protection of potential slaves against raids.
Field and producer survey of ACCase resistant wild oat in Manitoba

In a previous study, 729 townships in Manitoba were differentiated as being at low, medium, or high risk of evolving wild oat resistant to Group 1 herbicides based on herbicide use histories from 1981 to 1993. In the present study, 16 townships representing the three risk categories were surveyed in 1994 in order to determine the percentage of resistant wild oat patches. As well, a questionnaire was mailed to farmers in these townships requesting information on practices and attitudes relating to herbicide resistance. The wild oat survey consisted of sampling seed from conspicuous wild oat patches visible from north-south roads in each township. A total of 533 samples were collected and screened with fenoxaprop-P and sethoxydim using a bioassay. An average of eight resistant wild oat patches was found in the high risk townships. This was significantly higher than in low and medium risk townships where an average of less than one resistant wild oat patch per township was detected. The attitude of producers.
Invasive records of Eriocheir hepuensis Dai, 1991 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea: Varunidae): Implications and taxonomic considerations

A non-ovigerous female mitten crab captured in Iraq on the 20th June 2005 was initially identified as Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853. More material has now been made available from Iraq and Kuwait and these specimens were compared with the extant type series of E. sinensis and E. hepuensis Dai, 1991. From this morphological study the Persian Gulf material was identified as the Hepu mitten crab, E. hepuensis. This is the first report of this mitten crab species outside its native range of southern China. However, because mitten crab taxonomy and systematics requires further clarification especially with respect to species of Eriocheir De Haan, 1835, the DNA of the Persian Gulf material was compared with a suite of GenBank COI sequences from various mitten crab taxa. The results of this extensive examination indicate that the Iraqi and Kuwaiti specimens are E. hepuensis and the DNA analysis indicates that mitten crabs can be assigned to three genera and six species; although the present study does discuss reports of hybridisation between three Eriocheir species associated with aquaculture. Also reported, and of concern, is that E. hepuensis may have been first collected about thirty years ago in Iraq and has now become well established within that country. As a consequence the Hepu mitten crab could, given its catadromy, disperse widely throughout the extensive riverine systems of the region.
The Value of Menhaden Fish Meal in Practical Broiler Diets

Abstract CONSIDERABLE data have been accumulated concerning the value of fish meal as an ingredient for broiler diets. It has been reported that fish meal contains an unidentified factor necessary for maximum chick growth. The literature concerning the unidentified factor contained in fish meal has been extensively reviewed by Menge et al. (1952), Branion and Hill (1953), and Rasmussen et al. (1957). Summers et al. (1959) reported that fish meal was not a satisfactory source of the unidentified factor, and that the unidentified factor response was not influenced by the levels of corn and wheat in the diet. The present experiments were designed to study the value of fish meal in practical broiler diets containing various levels of protein and energy and/or in the presence of different levels of supplemental methionine and glycine. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RESULTS The composition of basal diets used in these experiments is shown in Table 1. …
Rivulus staecki, a new killifish (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the upper Rio Negro drainage in southern Venezuela

Rivulus staecki, a new species of the subgenus Owiyeye, is described from the upper Rio Negro drainage in southern Venezuela (Estado Amazonas). It differs from the other species of the subgenus by a unique combination of character states: a truncate caudal fin, elongated pelvic fins in males, presence of a ‘rivulus spot’ in both sexes and 35 – 38 scales in the longitudinal series.
ROLES OF SULFOTRANSFERASE ENZYMES IN TRANS-PLACENTAL DISPOSITION

Purpose. To investigate whether changes in extracellular pH affect the active efflux of colchicine, a non-ionizable P-glycoprotein substrate. Methods. The effect of pH on P-glycoprotein (Pgp) functionality was studied by testing colchicine in bidirectional Caco-2 and mdr1-MDCK cell permeability assays in which the pH of the apical and basolateral chambers was varied. In addition, drug uptake experiments were conducted under various pH buffer conditions. Results. The apparent permeability of colchicine in the apical to basolateral direction (Papp,A to B) remained unchanged over the investigated pH range except at pH 4.5 where it significantly differed. More distinct changes were observed in the basolateral to apical permeability resulting in the permeability directional ratio (PDR) values being approximately 34 and 9 fold lower at pH values 4.5 and 5.0 compared to that at pH 7.4. The permeability of digoxin was examined at pH values 4.5, 5.0 and 7.4. There is a significant difference in Papp, A to B between pH values 4.5 and 7.4. The PDR change is in the same order as that measured for colchicine; 47 compared to 34 fold. The uptake profile of colchicine changed dramatically due to the varying buffer pH. There was no increase in drug accumulation with time at pH values 7.4, 6.0 and
Performance of purebred and crossbred rabbits in Australia: Individual growth and slaughter traits

Data from 3 rabbit breeds, namely New Zealand White (N), Californian (C), and Flemish Giant (F), and their crosses, i.e. CN, FN, F(CN), and C(FN), were analysed for individual growth traits such as body weights at 5 (5WT), 6 (6WT), 7 (7WT), 8 (8WT), 9 (9WT), and 10 (10WT) weeks of age, and post-weaning average daily gain between 5 and 10 weeks of age (ADG), and individual slaughter traits such as liveweight at slaughter (SW), carcass weight (CW), and dressing percentage (DP). Data included records for individual body weights from 1345 to 1524 rabbits from 279 litters and records for slaughter traits from 919 rabbits from 245 litters. Significant sources of variation for individual growth and slaughter traits were breed, parity, month-year of birth, sex, and number weaned per litter (NW). However, parity and NW did not significantly affect ADG and DP. Slaughter traits were not significantly affected by sex. The overall least squares means for 5WT, 6WT, 7WT, 8WT, 9WT, 10WT, ADG, SW, CW, and DP were 836 g, 1021 g, 1215 g, 1390 g, 1577 g, 1791 g, 27.2 g/day, 2.28 kg, 1.23 kg, and 53%, respectively. N and F purebred, and FN crossbred rabbits performed significantly (P < 0.05) better than C purebred and crossbreds (CN and C(FN)) in all the individual growth and slaughter traits except for DP. CN performed better (P < 0.05) in DP than all other crosses. ADG of C rabbits was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than of all other crosses under study, with F(CN), C(FN), and CN crosses showing intermediate growth rates. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher growth rates were observed in N, F, and FN breeds. There was no significant heterosis observed in the breed crosses for any traits under study. Individual body weights at 5-10 weeks of age were significantly lower in the 1st parity born rabbits than in other higher parity born rabbits. SW and CW were significantly higher in 2nd and 3rd parity rabbits than in 1st and 4th and later parity born rabbits. Female rabbits achieved heavier weights at 5, 6, and 7 weeks of age than males and males weighed more than females after 7 weeks of age. ADG of males was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than of females. Significant negative regression coefficients of NW on all individual body weights until slaughter age showed that larger litters had lighter rabbits. Coefficient of variation for individual growth and slaughter traits ranged between 11.1 and 20.7%. Common litter variance explained a significantly large proportion of total phenotypic variance, with the proportions ranging between 0.36 and 0.55 for individual growth traits, 0.46 for SW, and 0.35 for CW. A l s i K. C. S.d
Combining ability analysis for yield, its contributing characters and fruit quality parameters of exotic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) breeding lines.

Combining ability of eleven diverse breeding lines/varieties for yield and its contributing characters was evaluated through a line × tester analysis. The results revealed that variance due to parents, line x tester, crosses and crosses vs. parents were found significant for all characters under study. Mean sum of squares due to female parents were found highly significant for total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content of fruits, while the variance due to male parents were non significant for all characters. The estimate of variance of gca and sca and their ratio indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the traits. Based on mean performance and GCA effects, male parents CLN2123E and PT4722A were better for total fruit yield per plant and number of fruits per plant, while female parent Vaibhav was better for total fruit yield per plant.
Image analysis of aerial photography to quantify changes in channel morphology and instream habitat following placer mining in interior Alaska

SUMMARY 1. ‘Placer’ mining for alluvial deposits of gold in a number of stream systems in interior Alaska represents a major disturbance to the stream bed and affects habitat for biotic communities. 2. The potential of analysing aerial photographs to map changes in channel habitat and morphology within gravel-bed rivers is outlined with reference to the impact and recovery of Faith Creek, a second-order stream with a history of placer mining. 3. A strong correlation between the reflectance of the channel bed and water depth is necessary to use the technique succesfully, together with a knowledge of the effects of ‘broken’water on the spectral characteristics of rivers. 4. Image analysis demonstrated that a wide range of water depths and instream mesoscale habitats existed prior to mining. During mining, the stream was confined to a channellized reach with negligible deep water or habitat diversity. 5. Since mining ceased the stream has abandoned its channellized course and formed a new channel with few deep pools. It is suggested that geomorphological recovery and associated habitat recovery takes a number of large flood events and is likely to require more than 10 years.