Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of dynamic rupture parameters from the radiated seismic energy and apparent stress

We propose a new procedure for estimating the critical slip weakening distance, Dc, by evaluating the spatio‐temporal distribution of the apparent stress calculated from the spatio‐temporal distribution of the slip velocity function on the fault plane obtained from a kinematic inversion of the earthquake source. The idea is based on the fact that the apparent stress can be related to the difference between the earthquake average stress and the frictional dynamical stress on the fault plane during the rupture process. From the cumulative slip‐apparent stress relationship we estimate the critical slip, Dc, of the 1992 Landers earthquake. We find that the critical slip weakening plays an important role in controlling the rupture velocity. In the case of the Landers earthquake the very low rupture velocity in the central segment could be explained by the large Dc‐value obtained for the main asperity on that segment.
Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis in Acromegaly: A Case Report and Literature Review

A 60-year-old Japanese man diagnosed with acromegaly at 28 years old had difficulty walking due to worsening back pain. He had been treated with somatostatin analog since 57 years old, but his pain and numbness continued to worsen. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging showed disc bulging at L3/4 and L4/5, and he was diagnosed with lumbar spinal canal stenosis due to hypertrophy of the yellow ligament. Patients with acromegaly may complain of osteoarthropathy, so we must pay attention to the symptoms of spinal canal stenosis in collaboration with orthopedic specialists.
Gene polymorphisms and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review

Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are associated with variable prognosis even with similar clinical characteristics and treatments. Gene polymorphisms have been suggested as prognostic factors for HNSCC which can justified this variable prognosis. So, the aim was to review literatures on gene polymorphisms and prognosis of HNSCCs. Materials and methods A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Web of science, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Cochrane library databases to find all related articles published up to December 2021 in the field of gene polymorphisms and HNSCC prognosis. Results Of 1029 initial searched articles, 71 articles were selected for inclusion in this systematic review. About 93 genes and 204 polymorphisms have been discussed in these articles. Among the most studied polymorphisms, the XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms were not associated with survival in most studies; the ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism had no significant association in any of the studies. Different gene polymorphisms of glutathione s-transferase family, including GSTM1 deletion, GSTT1 deletion and GSTP1 A313G, were not associated with survival in included studies. There are conflicting results regarding the association between polymorphisms such as ERCC2 A35931C, Asp312Asn, ERCC5 rs1047768 and rs17655 with HNSCC prognosis. Less studied polymorphisms, such as hOGG1 rs1052133 or the VEGF rs699947, were generally not associated with HNSCC prognosis. Conclusion Reviewed articles reported varied and contradictory results regarding the association of gene polymorphisms and HNSCC prognosis, which necessitates further studies along with meta-analysis on the results of such studies.
Estimation of impurity profiles in ion‐implanted amorphous targets using joined half‐Gaussian distributions

A probability distribution function appropriate for nonsymmetrical impurity distributions in ion‐implanted targets is defined to consist of two half‐Gaussian distributions that join at a modal projected range RM. For projected distances Xp Rm the distribution has standard deviation σ2. For appropriate choices of RM, σ1, and σ2, the proposed distribution is found to provide an extremely good fit for experimental impurity profiles.
On the error of general linear methods for stiff dissipative differential equations

Many numerical methods to solve initial value problems of the form y' =f(t, y) can be written as general linear methods. Classical convergence results for such methods are based on the Lipschitz constant and bounds for certain partial derivatives of /. For stiff problems these quantities may be very large, and consequently the classical order of convergence loses its significance. In this paper we consider bounds for the global errors which are based only on bounds for derivatives of y for linear and non-linear dissipative problems with arbitrary stiffness.
Using measures of race to make clinical predictions: Decision making, patient health, and fairness

Significance The use of race measures in clinical prediction models is contentious. We seek to inform the discourse by evaluating the inclusion of race in probabilistic predictions of illness that support clinical decision making. We show that patients of all races benefit when clinical decisions are jointly guided by patient race and other observable covariates. Similar conclusions emerge when the model is extended to a two-period setting where prevention activities target systemic drivers of disease.
Visible-Light Activation of Persulfate or H2O2 by Fe2O3/TiO2 Immobilized on Glass Support for Photocatalytic Removal of Amoxicillin: Mechanism, Transformation Products, and Toxicity Assessment

Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites were fabricated via a facile impregnation/calcination technique employing different amounts iron (III) nitrate onto commercial TiO2 (P25 Aeroxide). The as-prepared Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDXS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). As a result, 5% (w/w) Fe2O3/TiO2 achieved the highest photocatalytic activity in the slurry system and was successfully immobilized on glass support. Photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation was assessed by treating pharmaceutical amoxicillin (AMX) in the presence and absence of additional oxidants: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and persulfate salts (PS). The influence of pH and PS concentration on AMX conversion rate was established by means of statistical planning and response surface modeling. Results revealed optimum conditions of [S2O82−] = 1.873 mM and pH = 4.808; these were also utilized in presence of H2O2 instead of PS in long-term tests. The fastest AMX conversion possessing a zero-order rate constant of 1.51 × 10−7 M·min−1 was achieved with the photocatalysis + PS system. The AMX conversion pathway was established, and the evolution/conversion of formed intermediates was correlated with the changes in toxicity toward Vibrio fischeri. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging was also utilized to investigate the AMX conversion mechanism, revealing the major contribution of photogenerated h+ in all processes.
Predictive optimal iterative learning control

A new optimization-based iterative learning control algorithm is proposed and its properties derived. An important characteristic of this algorithm is that it uses present and future predicted errors to compute the current control, in a similar manner to model-based predictive control using a receding horizon. In particular, it enables the algorithm designer to achieve good control over convergence rate. The actual implementation has a multimodel structure but uses standard linear quadratic regulator methods for a causal formulation (in the iterative learning sense) of what is originally a non-causal algorithm. The results are illustrated by simulations.
Evaluation of a Dietary Supplementation Combining Protein and a Pomegranate Extract in Older People: A Safety Study

Malnutrition is a highly prevalent condition in older adults. It is associated with low muscle mass and function and increased occurrence of health problems. Maintaining an adequate nutritional status as well as a sufficient nutrient intake in older people is therefore essential to address this public health problem. For this purpose, protein supplementation is known to prevent the loss of muscle mass during aging, and the consumption of various pomegranate extracts induces numerous health benefits, mainly through their antioxidant properties. However, to our knowledge, no study has to date investigated the impact of their combination on the level of malnutrition in older people. The objective of this preliminary study was thus to evaluate the safety of a combination of protein and a pomegranate extract in healthy subjects aged 65 years or more during a 21-day supplementation period. Thirty older participants were randomly assigned to receive protein and a pomegranate extract (Test group) or protein and maltodextrin (Control group) during a 21-day intervention period. The primary outcomes were the safety and tolerability of the supplementation defined as the occurrence of adverse events, and additional secondary outcomes included physical examination and hematological and biochemical parameters. No serious adverse events were reported in any group. Changes in physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters between the initial screening and the end of the study were equivalent in both groups, except for glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and prealbumin, for which a decrease was observed only in the Test group. Our initial findings support the safety of the combination of protein and a pomegranate extract in healthy elderly people. Future clinical trials on a larger sample and a longer period are needed to determine the efficacy of this combination.
Large-eddy simulation of molecular mixing in a recirculating shear flow

The flow field and mixing in an expansion-ramp geometry is studied using large-eddy simulation (LES) with subgrid scale (SGS) modeling based on the stretched-vortex model. The expansionramp geometry was developed to provide enhanced mixing and flameholding characteristics while maintaining low total-pressure losses, elements that are important in the design and performance of combustors for hypersonic air-breathing propulsion applications. The mixing was studied by tracking a passive scalar without taking into account the effects of chemical reactions and heat release. In order to verify the solver and the boundary closure implementation, a method utilizing results from linear stability analysis (LSA) theory is developed. LSA can be used to compute unstable perturbations to a flow, subject to certain approximations. The perturbations computed from LSA are used as an inflow condition to the flow computed by the solver been assessed. A projection based metric is constructed that only assumes the shape of the solution and not the growth rate of the perturbations, thus also allowing the latter to be determined as part of the verification. The growth rate of the perturbations for an unbounded (effectively) incompressible shear layer and a confined compressible shear layer is found to be in agreement with the prediction of the LSA. The flow and mixing predictions of the LES are in good agreement with experimental measurements. Total (resolved and subgrid) probability density functions (PDFs) of the passive scalar are estimated using an assumed beta-distribution model for the subgrid scalar field. The improved mixing characteristics of the expansion-ramp geometry compared to free shear layers are illustrated by the shapes of the PDFs. Moreover, the temperature rise and the probability of mixed fluid profiles are in good agreement with the experimental measurements, indicating that the mixing on a molecular scale is correctly predicted by the LES–SGS model. Finally, the predictions of the LES are shown to be resolution-independent. The mean fields and passive scalar PDFs have essentially converged at the two finer grid-resolutions used.
A Simulation of Hurricane Landfall with a Numerical Model Featuring Latent Heating by the Resolvable Scales

Abstract A nested-grid hurricane model is used to transport a strong vortex over a straight coastline at ∼4 m s&−1 The track, at landfall, of the vortex is ∼20 km to the left of a control simulation without land. Just before landfall, a 15 km amplitude trochoidal oscillation of the vortex track occurs. This amplitude is nearly double that of similar oscillations of the control simulation. About 10 h before landfall, a spiral rainband nearly surrounds the vortex at radii of ∼135 km. This rainband has a weak secondary maximum in the tangential wind and is the model analog of the secondary eyewalls observed by Willoughby et al. in several hurricanes. The rainfall in spiral rainbands diminishes during the 7 h before landfall. However, rainfall in the inner core of the vortex is greater during landfall than in the control simulation. The greatest rainfall accumulation is to the right of the vortex. However, compared with the control simulation, rainfall is greater to the left and less to the right of the vorte.
Relationships of the Hygroscopicity of HULIS With Their Degrees of Oxygenation and Sources in the Urban Atmosphere

Humic‐like substances (HULIS) are unresolved compounds isolated from organic matter in atmospheric aerosols. Understanding the chemical structures and sources that control the hygroscopicity of HULIS is important for predicting its environmental impacts and possibly useful for parameterization of the hygroscopicity of organic aerosol (OA). Here, the hygroscopic growth of HULIS from total suspended particles samples in Beijing was analyzed using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer. The hygroscopicity parameter of HULIS (κHULIS) was determined to be 0.06 ± 0.03, and was found to correlate positively with O:C and f44 from offline aerosol mass spectrometry. Additionally, κHULIS was correlated positively with oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) and correlated negatively with cooking OA and biomass burning OA, for which the source‐related OA types were from mass‐spectral‐based positive matrix factorization analyses. Further analysis resolved substantial κ values of 0.09 and 0.22, respectively, for less‐oxidized and more‐oxidized OOA, in contrast to the low κ values for cooking OA and biomass burning OA. Extensions of O:C‐ and source‐based parameterizations reasonably estimated the hygroscopicity of total OA with a moderate contribution from HULIS. This result and the fact that the obtained OOA contributions to κ of OA were similar to those from different environments suggest the applicability of parameterizing the hygroscopicity for a wide range of OA in particular based on source‐related structural characteristics.
Tuning the optical response of nanocylinder arrays: An analytical study

An analytical study of the optical properties of nanocylinder arrays is presented. The conditions to tune the absorption/thermal emission and extinction resonances of such systems are derived. We predict two kinds of resonances. Close to the Rayleigh anomalies, the array can generate quasimonochromatic and highly directional thermal emission/absorption. Isotropic emission/absorption can also be obtained when the material exhibits an absorption line or in the presence of localized surface plasmon/polaritons. For s polarization our analysis predicts a theoretical limit of 50% of absorption. Interestingly, for p-polarized light, a nanocylinder array can present perfect 100% absorption.
Sharp global convergence guarantees for iterative nonconvex optimization with random data

We consider a general class of regression models with normally distributed covariates, and the associated nonconvex problem of ﬁtting these models from data. We develop a general recipe for analyzing the convergence of iterative algorithms for this task from a random initialization. In particular, provided each iteration can be written as the solution to a convex optimization problem satisfying some natural conditions, we leverage Gaussian comparison theorems to derive a deterministic sequence that provides sharp upper and lower bounds on the error of the algorithm with sample-splitting. Crucially, this deterministic sequence accurately captures both the convergence rate of the algorithm and the eventual error ﬂoor in the ﬁnite-sample regime, and is distinct from the commonly used “population” sequence that results from taking the inﬁnite-sample limit. We apply our general framework to derive several concrete consequences for parameter estimation in popular statistical models including phase retrieval and mixtures of regressions. Provided the sample size scales near-linearly in the dimension, we show sharp global convergence rates for both higher-order algorithms based on alternating updates and ﬁrst-order algorithms based on subgradient descent. These corollaries, in turn, reveal multiple nonstandard phenomena that are then corroborated by extensive numerical experiments.
The Evolution of galaxies in clusters. 5. A Study of populations since Z approximately equal to 0.5

In this paper we analyze photometry of 33 clusters of galaxies, with redshifts between 0.003 (the Virgo Cluster) and 0.54 (Cl 0016+16) to search for evolution of the colors of cluster populations. In each cluster we select these galaxies brighter than M/sub V/ = -20 which are within the circular area containing the inner 30% of the total Jupiter population. From the distribution of these galaxies in the color-magnitude plane, we determine the fraction of galaxies whose rest-frame B-V colors are at least 0.2 mag bluer than the ridge line of the early type galaxies at that magnitude. We define this to be the blue galaxy population, f/sub B/, and find it to have the following characteristics in compact, concentrated clusters: (1) For z or approx. =0.1 f/sub B/ increases with redshift reaching f/sub B/approx.0.25 at z = 0.5. (3) The values of f/sub B/ seen in clusters at a particular redshift are mostly consistent with clusters being random samples of one homogeneous galaxy population, but there is some evidence that processes within individual clusters may also affect the galaxy content.
Parameter-Based Design and Analysis of Wind Turbine Airfoils with Conformal Slot Co-Flow Jet

A co-flow jet (CFJ), an active flow control method combining blowing and suction control, can effectively suppress the stall of airfoils. However, the streamwise jet channel along the upper surface of a conventional CFJ airfoil reduces the thickness and camber of the baseline, degrading the aerodynamic performance when the jet is inactive. The conformal slot CFJ airfoil was proposed to address this problem, but the design method is still absent. This paper proposed a general design method based on parameters including the slot angle, transition shape and distance of the injection and suction slot. The mechanism of the best parameter was analyzed. The designed conformal slot CFJ airfoil was checked under different jet intensities, and the turbine power curve was predicted when substituting CFJ airfoils for the baseline. Compared with the conventional CFJ airfoil, the designed conformal slot CFJ airfoil has three advantages: eliminating the performance loss when the jet is off, saving jet energy when suppressing the flow separation, and improving the power generation of wind turbines at low wind speeds.
NEXUS BETWEEN FOREIGN REMITTANCES AND POVERTY REDUCTION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

This study explored the effect of foreign remittances on the household poverty in case of Pakistan. The data has been taken from Pakistan social and living standard measurement (pslm) survey for the year of 2018-2019. In order to check the impact of foreign remittances towards household poverty probit regression has been utilized. Household poverty has been used as a binary variable having its two values poor and non-poor. While independent variables used in it are family size (hh size), foreign remittances (rem), number of employed persons in a household (no. of workers) and region rural/urban (area). The findings of probit regression revealed that family size (hh size) have its positive and significant impacts on household poverty while foreign remittances (rem), no. of employed persons in a household (no. of workers) and region rural/urban (area) have significant but negative impact on household poverty. At last findings purposed that there is a need to start such soft immigrations plans and policies with the consent of embassies of other countries through which people can easily get migrated. There is a need to create an awareness program through which every person can easily find employment opportunities according to their skills. There is a need to launch awareness programs about the negative impacts of high population among people. There is a dire need to take initiative for people of rural area to provide jobs. Establishing rural non-farm economy can be helpful. Keywords: Remittances, Poverty, Cross-Sectional Data
The effect of investment and financing decision, dividend policy and cost of capital on Indonesian firm value

KEYWORDS This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between investment decisions, funding decisions, dividend policies and the cost of capital with firm value. Business developments in the current era have made very significant progress which has made the competition increasingly fierce so that companies are required to be able to compete in order to survive and achieve company goals. To reduce errors in making decisions, companies need to pay attention to factors that can affect the value of the company. However, this topic is still being debated because some previous research results have different results. This study uses secondary data with a population of companies in the consumer goods industry sector and the agricultural industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2020, the data obtained through the documentation method. The method used is purposive sampling and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the effect of the independent variable on one dependent variable that has a positive or negative relationship. The results showed that investment decisions, funding decisions, dividend policy and the cost of capital simultaneously have a significant effect on firm value. Partially, investment decisions and funding decisions have no significant effect on firm value, while dividend policy has a significant negative effect and the cost of capital has a significant positive effect on firm value. This finding shows that, in contrast to investment and funding decisions, which have not been able to directly or indirectly increase firm value, financial decisions involving dividend policies and the cost of capital can help companies achieve their longterm goals which are expected to be used as information material in decision making invest. The limitation of this research is that the sample used is only companies in the consumer goods industry and agriculture listed on BEI so that the results of the study cannot be generalized. it is recommended to use samples other than the two sectors so that the research results can be generalized, so as to provide more appropriate and comprehensive research results.
Microscopic measurement of penetration depth in thin films by scanning Hall probe microscopy

We have used a low noise scanning Hall probe microscope to measure the penetration depth microscopically in a thin film as a function of temperature. The instrument has high magnetic field ( at 77 K) and spatial resolution (). Magnetic field profiles of single vortices in the superconducting film have been successfully measured and the microscopic penetration depth of the superconductor has been extracted. We find surprisingly large variations in values of for different vortices within the scanning field.