Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety and feasibility of the distal transradial approach: A novel technique for diagnostic cerebral angiography

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the distal transradial approach (DTRA) as a novel technique for cerebral angiography based on our institutional initial experience. Methods We retrospectively analyzed our institutional database of consecutive diagnostic cerebral angiographies performed with DTRA from December 2018 to August 2019. Patient demographics and clinical and procedural data were recorded. Results In total, 51 diagnostic cerebral angiographies in 51 patients (age, 15–83 years; mean age, 59.4 years, SD 13.5; 35 (69%) females) were performed or attempted with DTRA. Ultrasound evaluation showed that the mean inner distal radial artery diameter was significantly smaller than the mean inner forearm radial artery diameter (2.19 mm vs. 2.56 mm, P < 0.001). Cannulation via the distal radial artery was successful in 47 (92%) procedures. In the four procedures that failed, operators converted to the ipsilateral transradial approach without repositioning or redraping. Selective catheterization of the intended vessel was achieved in 64 (91%) of 70 vessels. In the remaining six, operators achieved the objective of the examination with angiography injecting from proximal and conversion to another approach was not required. One patient experienced temporary numbness around the puncture site after the procedure. No radial artery occlusion was identified in the patients who underwent ultrasound evaluation. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that DTRA could become a standard approach for diagnostic cerebral angiography owing to the low complication rate and the high cannulation success rate.
Efficacy of Nasal Airflow‐Inducing Maneuver in Laryngectomy Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

To evaluate the effectiveness of the nasal airflow‐inducing maneuver (NAIM) using the Sniffin' Sticks (Burghart, Wedel, Germany) olfactory threshold test, Open Essence (OE, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) olfactory identification test, and self‐administered odor questionnaire (SAOQ) for olfactory perception in NAIM experienced and NAIM first‐time groups. For NAIM first‐time group, the relationships between time from laryngectomy to first NAIM, olfactory threshold, and identification ability were also evaluated.
Effect of Feed Restriction on the Behaviour and Welfare of Broiler Chickens

Simple Summary Commercial genotypes of broiler chickens reared for meat purposes in intensive rearing systems are selected for fast growth and high breast yield and kept under conditions that may negatively affect normal behavioural patterns and reduce activity levels. Besides, quantitative feed restriction, used in the field to manipulate chicken growth and improve feed efficiency, may produce hunger and abnormal behaviours. Under these conditions, health and welfare are at risk. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of genotype, sex and feed restriction on the welfare of broiler chickens by examining behaviour and corticosterone as a stress indicator during the production cycle. Results showed that behavioural differences between two fast-growing genotypes were limited in quantity and quality, whereas sex and age played a major role. The effect of sex was related especially to size so that heavier males were more active at earlier ages but moved less towards the end of the trial when their walking ability/comfort decreased. Feed restriction stimulated activity during and beyond the restriction phase without relevant effect on stress condition as measured by the plasma and faeces corticosterone. Abstract Under intensive rearing conditions, the welfare of broiler chickens may be at risk depending on genotype and sex, due to their different growth rates. The practice of quantitative feed restriction may also impact on welfare. This study aimed to evaluate behaviour and corticosterone content in plasma and faeces at different ages using 896 one-day-old chicks housed in 32 pens, allocated to 8 groups, i.e., 2 genotypes (standard vs. high breast yield) × 2 sex × 2 feeding plans (ad libitum vs. restricted, AL vs. FR). The feeding system affected the percentage of standing (9.84% vs. 11.7% in AL vs. FR; p ≤ 0.001), feeding (7.51% vs. 8.17%; p ≤ 0.01) and sitting/lying (67.0% vs. 64.1%; p ≤ 0.001), and the faeces corticosterone content (12.2 vs. 13.6 ng/g in AL vs. FR; p ≤ 0.10). Sex affected the percentage of pecking other chickens, standing and comfort behaviours. Changes in behaviour were recorded between high and standard breast yield genotypes with faeces corticosterone which tended to be higher in the former (p ≤ 0.10). Significant interactions between the main factors and age were observed. Major changes in behaviour were due to feed restriction, which stimulated activity during restriction.
Three Principles Informing Simulation-Based Continuing Education to Promote Effective Interprofessional Collaboration: Reorganizing, Reframing, and Recontextualizing.

INTRODUCTION Shoulder dystocia is a complex birth emergency where patient outcomes remain a concern. This article investigates the detailed processes of simulation-based continuing education in a hospital where evidence over 10 years demonstrates improvements in practitioner knowledge, enacted practices, and maternal and child outcomes. METHODS Data were collected by video recording teams participating in a shoulder dystocia simulation and debrief. Analysis combined grounded thematic development with purposive coding of enactments of a relevant protocol (the ALSO HELPERR). RESULTS Three themes were identified (three Rs) that capture how effective interprofessional collaboration is promoted through collectively oriented reflection: Reorganizing roles and responsibilities between team members; Reframing the problem of shoulder dystocia from individuals correctly following a protocol, to a team of professionals who need to attune to, respond to, and support one another; and Recontextualizing by collectively "commingling" theoretical knowledge with practical experience to reflect on actions and judgements. DISCUSSION The three Rs are relevant to diverse clinical settings and address gaps in knowledge relating to the process of interprofessional simulation. Together, they constitute a set of principles to inform the design and conduct of continuing education for interprofessional practice through simulation.
Genome editing strategies for fetal hemoglobin induction in beta-hemoglobinopathies.

Genome editing to correct a defective β-globin gene or induce fetal globin (HbF) for patients with beta-hemoglobinopathies has the potential to be a curative strategy available to all. HbF reactivation has long been an area of intense interest given HbF inhibition of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) polymerization. Patients with HbS who also have high HbF tend to have less severe or even minimal clinical manifestations. Approaches to genetically engineer high HbF include de novo generation of naturally occurring hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) mutations, editing of transcriptional HbF repressors or their binding sites, and/or regulating epigenetic intermediates controlling HbF expression. Recent preclinical and early clinical trial data show encouraging results; however, long-term follow up is lacking and the safety and efficacy concerns of genome editing remain.
Sex-dependent metabolic effects of pregestational exercise on prenatally stressed mice

Abstract Stressful events during the prenatal period have been related to hyperactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis responses as well as metabolic changes in adult life. Moreover, regular exercise may contribute to the improvement of the symptoms associated with stress and stress-related chronic diseases. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of exercise, before the gestation period, on the metabolic changes induced by prenatal stress in adult mice. Female Balb/c mice were divided into three groups: control (CON), prenatal restraint stress (PNS) and exercise before the gestational period plus PNS (EX + PNS). When adults, the plasmatic biochemical analysis, oxidative stress, gene expression of metabolic-related receptors and sex differences were assessed in the offspring. Prenatal stress decreased neonatal and adult body weight when compared to the pregestational exercise group. Moreover, prenatal stress was associated with reduced body weight in adult males. PNS and EX + PNS females showed decreased hepatic catalase. Pregestational exercise prevented the stress-induced cholesterol increase in females but did not prevent the liver mRNA expression reduction on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α and γ in PNS females. Conversely, PNS and EX + PNS males showed an increased PPARα mRNA expression. In conclusion, pregestational exercise prevented some effects of prenatal stress on metabolic markers in a sex-specific manner.
Comparison of Colilert with Dutch standard enumeration methods for Escherichia coli and total coliforms in water

The average recovery of Escherichia coli with Colilert was 26% (range 12–42%) and that for coliforms was 35% (range 4–140%, when compared with Dutch standard methods. In samples with low numbers of target organisms, Colilert gave false‐negative results and was therefore regarded as an unsuitable alternative for Dutch standard methods.
Severe pneumonia in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe pneumonia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients from China. Method We performed a retrospective study in 112 hospitalized SLE patients who had had pneumonia for 8 years. The primary outcome was severe pneumonia, followed by descriptive analysis, group comparison and bivariate analysis. Results A total of 28 SLE patients were diagnosed with severe pneumonia, with a ratio of 5:23 between men and women. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.36 ± 12.389 years. The median disease duration was 72 months, and the median SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI 2K) score was 8. The haematological system was the most affected, with an incidence of anaemia in 85.7% of cases and thrombocytopenia in 75% of cases, followed by lupus nephritis in 50% of cases and central nervous system involvement in 10.71% of cases. Cultured sputum specimens were positive in 17 (68%) SLE patients with severe pneumonia, of whom nine (36%) were cases of fungal infection, five (20%) were cases of bacterial infection and three (12%) were cases of mixed infection. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we concluded that a daily dosage of prednisone (>10 mg; odds ratio (OR) = 3.193, p = 0.005), a low percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes (OR = 0.909, p = 0.000), a high SLEDAI 2K score (OR = 1.182, p = 0.001) and anaemia (OR = 1.182, p = 0.001) were all independent risk factors for pneumonia in SLE patients, while a low percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes (OR = 0.908, p = 0.033), a daily dose of prednisone of >10 mg (OR = 35.67, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for severe pneumonia in SLE patients. Conclusion Severe pneumonia is not rare in lupus, and is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis. Monitoring CD4+ T-cell counts and giving a small dose of glucocorticoids can reduce the occurrence of severe pneumonia and improve the prognosis of patients with lupus.
Prospects of breeding opium poppies (Papaver somniferum L.) as a high‐linoleic‐acid crop

Fatty-acid composition was studied in a half diallel in opium poppies using six parents, F 1 and F 2 . Poppy is an oleic-linoleic-acid type of crop with a low level of linolenic acid of up to 3% or only trace. Transgressive segregation was observed in F 2 having up to 81% linoleic acid making it suitable for development as a high-linoleic-acid crop. This is the first report of its kind in opium poppy.
Nur77 attenuates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress by inhibiting phosphorylated IκB-α in Parkinson’s disease cell model

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the pathological development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Nerve growth factor-induced gene B (Nur77) is closely related to dopamine neurotransmission, and its pathogenesis is unclear. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of Nur77 in a cell model of Parkinson’s disease. Silencing Nur77 with siRNA can aggravate intracellular LDH release, increase the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (such as tumor necrosis factor α, nuclear factor κB (p65), monocyte chemotactic protein 1, interleukin-6), and decrease cell survival, decrease expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor(Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1, NADPH quinineoxidoreductase-1. Cytosporone B (Nur77 agonist) has the opposite effect to Nur77 silencing. PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor / antioxidant) can also inhibit pro-inflammatory genes to a similar degree as Cytosporone B. Phosphorylated IκB-α can be inhibited by Cytosporone B, while silencing Nur77 can increase the protein expression level of phosphorylated IκB-α. After silencing IκB-α, both Cytosporone B and siNur77 did not affect pro-inflammatory genes and antioxidant stress. These findings reveal the first evidence that Nur77 exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant stress effects by inhibiting IκB-α phosphorylation expression in a Parkinson cell model. Nur77 may be a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease.
Nuclear phylogenomic analyses of asterids conflict with plastome trees and support novel relationships among major lineages.

PREMISE Discordance between nuclear and organellar phylogenies (cytonuclear discordance) is a well-documented phenomenon at shallow evolutionary levels but has been poorly investigated at deep levels of plant phylogeny. Determining the extent of cytonuclear discordance across major plant lineages is essential not only for elucidating evolutionary processes, but also for evaluating the currently used framework of plant phylogeny, which is largely based on the plastid genome. METHODS We present a phylogenomic examination of a major angiosperm clade (Asteridae) based on sequence data from the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes as a means of evaluating currently accepted relationships inferred from the plastome and exploring potential sources of genomic conflict in this group. RESULTS We recovered at least five instances of well-supported cytonuclear discordance concerning the placements of major asterid lineages (i.e., Ericales, Oncothecaceae, Aquifoliales, Cassinopsis, and Icacinaceae). We attribute this conflict to a combination of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization, the latter supported in part by previously inferred whole-genome duplications. CONCLUSIONS Our results challenge several long-standing hypotheses of asterid relationships and have implications for morphological character evolution and for the importance of ancient whole-genome duplications in early asterid evolution. These findings also highlight the value of reevaluating broad-scale angiosperm and green-plant phylogeny with nuclear genomic data.
MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CIRRUS AND CIRRUS ANVILS BASED ON AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS FROM RECENT FIELD CAMPAIGNS

It is now well recognized that the size, shape and concentration of ice particles in cirrus and cirrus anvils have a significant impact on the earth’s radiation budget, which in turn affects global climate change. For example, Liou (1986) showed that cirrus particles play an important role in the energy balance of the earth-atmosphere system through their interactions with solar and terrestrial radiation. Stephens et al. (1990) concluded that prediction of cirrus cloud feedback on climate is limited by our lack of understanding of the relationship between the size and shape of ice crystals, and the gross radiative properties of cirrus. Labonnote et al. (2000) determined that accurate measurements of the size and shape of cirrus particles were essential to obtain reliable inversion products from remote observations. Kristjánsson et al. (2000) used climate models to show that the treatment of ice particle size and habit may have a significant impact on climate change.
Household Fuel Choice in Urban Ethiopia

We use three rounds of a rich panel data set to investigate the determinants of household fuel choice and energy transition in urban Ethiopia. We observe that energy transition did not occur following economic growth in Ethiopia during the past decade. Regression results from a random effects multinomial logit model, which controls for unobserved household heterogeneity, show that households’ economic status, price of alternative energy sources, and education are important determinants of fuel choice in urban Ethiopia. The results also suggest the use of multiple fuels, or “fuel stacking behavior. ” We argue that policy makers could target these variables to encourage transition to cleaner energy sources.
Biomass accumulation during reed encroachment reduces efficiency of restoration of Baltic coastal grasslands

Question To what extent is restoration of vegetation in coastal grasslands delayed by accumulation of nutrients after abandonment of traditional management and subsequent reed encroachment? How does nutrient flow in the plant–soil system react to reintroduction of grazing? Location Coast of Baltic Sea, western Estonia. Methods Abandoned, continuously managed and restored coastal meadows were selected in four different study regions and their vegetation composition sampled. Nitrogen, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg concentrations and C/N ratios were determined in both vegetation and soil. Differences between management groups were evaluated. Results Comparison among different management groups revealed several differences in both relative and total amount of nutrients in soil and vegetation. Most soil properties of restored sites were similar to those in abandoned sites. Carbon stock in the soil profile doubled after abandonment, total N concentration in the top soil layer increased while plant available P concentration decreased. The phytomass and chemical composition of phytomass rapidly changed back to a ‘normal’ level after restoration. Species composition remained different, but species typical of coastal grasslands were present in restored sites. There was a strong site specificity in the results. Conclusions Re-establishment of grazing had a rapid impact on plant biomass of coastal grasslands. Species composition responded more slowly, but target species returned relatively quickly. Slow recovery of soil properties, however, means that the results of restoration may be fragile and return of tall-growth vegetation is very probable if managent intensity declines. Long restoration periods should be planned to reach pre-abandonment environmental conditions when using non-destructive restoration methods.
Fingerprint quantitative variation and asymmetry in Brazilian Whites and Blacks

A total of 432 Whites and 654 Blacks were studied in relation to the index of pattern intensity and a smaller number (296 Whites; 496 Blacks) for total ridge count. There does not exist a clear gradient in either sex when the Blacks are subdivided into three phenotypic categories according to the amount of African ancestry they seem to possess. The standard deviations and coefficients of variation are strikingly similar in all groups studied. Racial differences in the averages of these two quantitative measures and in the asymmetry of total ridge count are small and nonsignificant. Fingerprints are very sensitive indicators of disturbances in the intrauterine development, and their asymmetry has a significant hereditary component. Since there is no increased or decreased asymmetry when we consider subgroups with various amounts of racial admixture, these and other results suggest that genetic adaptation in humans is a process involving mainly the whole species, and not narrow racial specializations.
Caracterização morfológica e agronômica de clones de mandioca cultivados no Estado de Roraima - DOI:10.5039/agraria.v4i4a3

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os componentes de producao e caracterizar morfologicamente os clones de mandioca, cultivados no Estado de Roraima. A pesquisa foi realizada no periodo de 1999 a junho de 2000, na area experimental do CCA-UFRR, em Boa Vista. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com tres repeticoes em parcelas subdivididas, sendo os clones nas parcelas e as epocas de colheita nas subparcelas. Adotou-se o espacamento de 1,0 x 0,50 m. As parcelas foram constituidas por tres linhas de 10 m, com 1,0 m de bordadura em cada extremidade, deixando-se, uma linha de cada lado das parcelas como bordadura lateral. As avaliacoes foram realizadas aos sete e treze meses apos o plantio. Para a avaliacao, a parcela util foi dividida em quatro partes iguais de 2,0 m de comprimento, sendo tomadas duas partes ao acaso, para a realizacao das avaliacoes em cada epoca da coleta de dados. Todos os clones diferiram morfologicamente entre si. Apenas o clone MX-09 apresentou folhas com cinco lobulos. O diâmetro de raiz diferenciou melhor os clones do que o comprimento das raizes. As maiores produtividades foram obtidas com os clones MX-01, MX-04 e MX-10, correspondendo a 3,5 vezes a produtividade media do Estado de Roraima.
The Lesser Apes: Evolutionary and Behavioural Biology

which consists of three steps: 1) An individual produces a new behavior that permits a novel exploitation of the environment. Such behaviors may be nongenetic in origin. 2) Social transmission permits the rapid, nongenetic spreading of the new behavior throughout the population. 3) As a consequence of adopting a new behavior, the species faces new selective pressures favoring those genetic combinations that improve the individual's effectiveness at a novel environmental interaction. This mechanism is most effective among organisms with a high potential for behavioral innovation and communication. Population structures conducive to the spreading of novel behaviors among populations of varying genetic composition also may enhance this process by increasing the chances that favorable genetic combinations will be encountered. Sage et al. suggest that an unique feature of fish species flocks may be the opportunity for communication of new feeding behaviors beyond the species boundary. They note three potentially important consequences of this transmission: 1) The probability of a morphological response to a new feeding behavior is higher if the message spreads to many species rather than being confined to the species in which it arose. 2) The spread of a new feeding behavior to several related species should elicit parallel morphological responses. 3) The new habit can be tested against a variety of genetic, anatomical and behavioral backgrounds. This hypothesis suggests further evaluation of the existence of interspecific communication within fish species flocks. The effects of various internal and external factors on evolutionary rates may be evaluated most effectively using an historical perspective. Construction of a phylogenetic scheme for the species studied is the first step in this process. Changes in the factors being analyzed can be partitioned on the tree, and one can ask whether fixation of a novel biological feature or entry into a novel environment accompanies or precedes increased evolutionary rates on a particular lineage. In their evaluation of factors that may promote rapid speciation or morphological change, several authors in this book appear to take too deterministic a view of the relationship between the factors being analyzed and evolutionary rates. The origin of a factor or combination of factors that facilitates rapid evolution will not necessarily produce rapid evolution in every instance. The historical analysis suggested here will help to identify factors which appear, on the average, to accompany or to precede the occurrence of rapid evolutionary change in the phylogenies of particular groups.