Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interventions for Strengthening General Self-Efficacy Beliefs in College Students: An Integrative Review

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy beliefs in college students. Methods: Integrative Review conducted on the Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the results were analyzed descriptively. Results: Out of the 10 selected studies, six demonstrated that interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy were effective (Levels of Evidence II and III), and four revealed contrary results (Levels of Evidence I and II). Programs aimed at enhancing self-efficacy should include content on positive mental health, psychoeducation strategies, cover a period of eight to twelve weeks, and consider the completion of homework assignments. Conclusion: The synthesis of evidence pointed to pathways for building an effective self-efficacy strengthening program to be implemented in universities.
PERMIAN FUSULINIDS OF NYUKAWA, CENTRAL JAPAN. PART 2. SOME FUSULINIDS FROM THE LOWER PART OF

Fusulinid-bearing, well-bedded black bituminous limestones associated with black shales and micaceous sandstones crop out in the Hatahoko area of Nyukawa Village, Ono County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. The sediments apparently show that they ac- cumulated uncer a partially restricted sea. Several fusulinids collected from the lower part of the Sote Formation are described, and a faunal assemblage dissimilar to that of the Shiroi Formation, reported in my previous paper (Igo, 1964a), is discussed. The following fusulinid species are new: Pseudofusulina isomie, Schwagerina hawkinsiformis, S. ishiie, Parafusulina sublineata and P. takanoe.
Enhanced Recovery of Heavy Crudes in the Niger Delta: Chops Application A Key Option

Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) is one of the key techniques employed for primary heavy oil production. It has gained wide application with great success to enhance heavy oil production in countries like Canada, China, Venezuela, California, USA and Kazakhstan. In order to investigate the productivity of CHOPS technology in the Niger Delta Oil field of Nigeriaa, aanalysis was performed on data collected for five reservoirs, in which comparison was made between the natural case and the artificial case of Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP), all without sand proof technology. The fluid flow for each case was modelled with PROSPERS, in order to ascertain the quantity of fluid (heavy oil) that could be producible. An inflow performance curve (IPR) was obtained for each case, IPR versus VLP curves were equally obtained. From the study it was discovered that, heavy oil with 18.07 to 22.14 o API can be produced naturally but higher rates are obtainable with CHOPS. This is because the oil viscosities were between 100cp and 102cp. In addition, the corresponding sand productions were estimated with a mathematical model, and sand management in CHOPS were also discussed. With the favourable attributes of heavy crudes in the Niger Delta Oil Field of Nigeria, it is evident that the application of CHOPS would be a great success.
Synthesis and entomotoxicity assay of zinc and silica nanoparticles against Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), is one of the most important internal feeders of stored grain. Nanotechnology has become one of the most promising new approaches for pest control in recent years. In our screening program, laboratory trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and zinc nanoparticles (ZNPs) against the larval stage and adults of S. granarius on stored wheat. Nanoparticles of silica and zinc were synthesized through a solvothermal method. They were then used to prepare insecticidal solutions of different concentrations and tested on S. granarius. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were found to be highly effective against S. granarius causing 100% mortality after 2 weeks. ZNPs were moderately effective against this pest.
A LOW-COST CULTURE- AND DNA EXTRACTION-FREE METHOD FOR THE MOLECULAR DETECTION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL CARRIAGE IN SALIVA

Background: Molecular methods have improved the sensitivity of detection of pneumococcal carriage in saliva. However, they typically require sample culture-enrichment and nucleic acid extraction, prior to performing the detection assay. These factors may limit scalability for extensive surveillance of pneumococcus, particularly in low-resource settings. Here, we evaluated the performance of a DNA-extraction-free method for the detection of pneumococcus in saliva. Methods: We developed a streamlined qPCR-based protocol for the detection of pneumococcus, omitting culture-enrichment and DNA extraction. Using saliva samples collected from children attending childcare centers (New Haven, CT, USA), we evaluated detection of pneumococcus using the saliva lysates as compared to purified DNA extracted from culture-enriched aliquots of the paired samples using qPCR targeting the pneumococcal piaB gene. Results: Of 759 saliva samples tested from 92 children, pneumococcus was detected in 358 (47.2%) saliva lysates prepared using the extraction-free protocol and in 369 (48.6%) DNA extracted from the culture-enriched samples. We observed a near-perfect agreement between the two protocols (Cohen's kappa: 0.92; 95%CI: 0.90-0.95). While we also observed a high correlation between the qPCR CT values generated by the two methods (r=0.93, p<0.0001), the CT values generated from the extraction-free, saliva lysates were higher (lower concentration) than those obtained from DNA extracted from culture-enriched samples ({Delta}CT = 6.68, p<0.00001). Conclusions: For pneumococcal carriage surveillance in children, our findings suggest that a DNA extraction-free approach may offer a cost-effective alternative to the resource-intensive culture-enrichment method. While, as expected, we observed higher qPCR CT values (lower bacterial load) in the absence of culture-enrichment, the overall rate of detection remained unaffected
The Effect of Race and Area Deprivation on Symptom Profiles over the Course of Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Purpose: This study compared common symptoms (fatigue, pain), overall physical functioning and changes over time between Black and White women receiving early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) chemotherapy. Methods: A longitudinal, repeated measures comparative design was employed. Time points of symptom measurement (PROMIS domains) at baseline, mid and end point were adjusted as per patient chemotherapy schedule. Analyses: Linear mixed models were applied. Results: There were 147 patients, 36% Black 64% White (54±12 years) recommended to receive early-stage breast cancer chemotherapy with adequate data for symptom analysis. Pain: Main effect of race was significant (F(1, 390) = 29.43, p<. 001) for pain with Black patients experiencing significantly higher pain scores compared to White patients at pretherapy (Mean Difference; MD=3.7, p=.034), midpoint (MD=5.8, p=.002), and endpoint (MD=7.8, p<.001). Fatigue: Fatigue significantly increased (deteriorated) at endpoint (MDT1-T3= 8.7, p<.001) for Black patients. Among White patients, fatigue significantly increased at midpoint (MDT1-T2= 5.7) and at endpoint (MDT1-T3=10.1, p<.001; MDT2-T3=4.3, p= .017). Physical function: Black patients had significantly lower physical function scores compared to White patients at midpoint (MD=4.0, p=.027). Physical function decreased by endpoint in Black (MDT1-T3=7.8, p<.001), and White patients (MDT1-T3=7.7, p<.001). Conclusion: Symptom burden significantly increased over the course of chemotherapy for all patients. Scores for pain and physical function were higher overall for Black patients and deteriorated at a greater rate for Black vs. White women over the course of chemotherapy. This assessment holds implication for proactive assessment and mitigation strategies.
Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Measurement invariance among adolescent boys and girls and relationships with anxiety and risk taking

Background and Objectives: Adolescence-related increases in both anxiety and risk taking may originate in variability in Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), rendering the study of IU of importance. We therefore studied the psychometric properties of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale e Short version (IUS-12), including its associations with trait anxiety and risk taking, among adolescents. Methods: A sample of 879 Dutch adolescents, from diverse educational levels, and with an equal distribution of boys and girls, was classically tested. To obtain indices of IU, and self-reported trait anxiety and need for risk taking, questionnaires were administrated; to obtain an index of risk taking behavior, adolescents performed a risk taking task. Results: Multi-group Con ﬁ rmatory Factor Analyses revealed that the IUS-12 consists of a Prospective and an Inhibitory IU subscale, which are partially measurement invariant across sex. Cronbach's alphas and item-total correlations revealed that the IUS-12 and its subscales have reasonable-to-good internal consistency. Correlational analyses support convergent validity, as higher IUS-12 scores were related to, respectively, higher and lower levels of self-reported trait anxiety and need for risk taking. However, we found no relationship between IUS-12 scores and risk taking behavior, operationalized by performance on the risk taking task. Limitations: A community, instead of clinical, sample was included. Also, IU was measured by a paper-and-pencil version of the IUS-12, instead of a computerized version. Conclusions: The IUS-12 has good psychometric properties and may be a central measure to assess IU, which enables to explain the adolescence-related increase in both anxiety and risk taking. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effects of rotational and continuous grazing on horses, pasture condition, and soil properties

102 Introduction. 109 Research Objectives and Hypothesis. 113 Materials and Methods. 113 Results. 121 Discussion. 122 Conclusion. 127 Literature Cited. 129 Tables. 132 Figures. 135 OVERALL DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY. 139 APPENDICES. 143 Appendix 1. 143 Appendix 2. 145 Appendix 3. 146
Anoxic Diagenesis and Methane Generation in Sediments of the Blake Outer Ridge, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 533, Leg 76

Concentrations and δS and δC values were determined on SC^", HCO3", CO2, and CH4 in interstitial water and gas samples from the uppermost 400 m of sediment on the Blake Outer Ridge. These measurements provide the basis for detailed interpretation of diagenetic processes associated with anaerobic respiration of electrons generated by organic-matter decomposition. The sediments are anaerobic at very shallow depths (< 1 m) below the seafloor. Sulfate reduction is confined to the uppermost 15 m of sediment and results in a significant outflux of oxidized carbon from the sediments. At the base of the sulfate reduction zone, upward-diffusing CH4 is being oxidized, apparently in conjunction with SC^~ reduction. CH4 generation by CO2 reduction is the most important metabolic process below the 15-m depth. CO2 removal is more rapid than CO2 input over the depth interval from 15 to 100 m, and results in a slight decrease in HCO3~ concentration accompanied by a 40‰ positive shift in δ C. The differences among coexisting CH4, CO2, and HCOf are consistent with kinetic fractionation between CH4 and dissolved CO2, and equilibrium fractionation between CO2 and HCO3". At depths greater than 100 m, the rate of input of CO2 (δ C = -25‰) exceeds by 2 times the rate of removal of CO2 by conversion to CH4 (δ C of 60 to 65‰). This results in an increase of dissolved HCO3" concentration while maintaining δ C of HCO3" relatively constant at -IlO‰. Non-steady-state deposition has resulted in significantly higher organic carbon contents and unusually high (70 meq I") pore-water alkalinities below 150 m. These high alkalinities are believed to be related more to spontaneous decarboxylation reactions than to biological processes. The general decrease in HCOf concentration with constant δC over the depth interval of 200 to 400 m probably reflects increased precipitation of authigenic carbonate. Input-output carbon isotope-mass balance calculations, and carbonate system equilibria in conjunction with observed CO2-CH4 ratios in the gas phase, independently suggest that CH4 concentrations on the order of 100 mmol kg" are present in the pore waters of Blake Outer Ridge sediments. This quantity of CH4 is believed to be insufficient to saturate pore waters and stabilize the CH4 6H2O gas hydrate. Results of these calculations are in conflict with the physical recovery of gas hydrate from 238 m, and with the indirect evidence (seismic reflectors, sediment frothing, slightly decreasing salinity and chlorinity with depth, and pressure core barrel observations) of gas-hydrate occurrence in these sediments. Resolution of this apparent conflict would be possible if CH4 generation were restricted to relatively thin (1-10 m) depth intervals, and did not occur uniformly at all depths throughout the sediment column, or if another methanogenic process (e.g., acetate fermentation) were a major contributor of gas.
Understanding the One Belt One Road Initiative (BRI) influence on exportations of Chinese smartphones: The moderating role of the GDP per capita

The One Belt One Road Initiative (BRI) has been the subject of multitudinous studies from various angles. Most previous studies have focused on BRI’s economic, geopolitical, or commercial implications for China. However, the few studies that focused on BRI’s influence on the exportations or importations of Chinese products via the Chinese Cross-border Electronic Commerce Market (CCBECM) have been carried out based only on authors’ opinions rather than on empirical evidence. Therefore, the actual effect of BRI on the exportations of Chinese product brands via CCBECM in BRI countries still needs to be discovered. Utilizing B2C exportation data of Chinese smartphones and a Difference-in Difference Model (DIDM), we have first examined the actual and direct impact of BRI policy on Chinese smartphone brands exportations via the Chinese Cross-border Electronic Commerce Market (CCBECM) from 2012 to 2019 in BRI countries. Secondly, we assessed the moderating role of GDP per capita (GDP) and Internet Access Rate (IAR) between BRI policy and exportations of Chinese smartphone brands. The results showed that the impact of BRI remains insignificant on the exportations of Chinese smartphones via CCBECM in BRI countries. However, it could be significant if BRI includes more developed and economically strong countries. The study also highlighted a negative moderating role of GDP per capita between BRI policy and exportations, showing that the higher the BRI effect is, the less GDP per capita will influence Chinese smartphone exportations in BRI countries.
Improving irrigation water productivity using Tensiometers

Tensiometer-an instrument which delineate time of applying irrigation water perhaps cheapest, simple and reliable in saving irrigation water amounts and thus in improve the water use efficiency. In the current scenario of water shortage, scientists are busy in find out the ways to improve the water use efficiency. Among the whole world, conditions are somewhat more serious in countries like India because of its agricultural backgrounds. The story is more severe in states where rice is the major kharif crop viz. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh etc. The current indigenous practice of flood irrigation to field crops is both injudicious and energy inefficient which leads to lower water productivity. Declining water productivity and low water table are the major problems that stand in front of agricultural scientists as additional water of worth Rs. 2500 million withdrawn every year only in Punjab. Thus, there is a need to look into detail benefits of the tensiometers in terms of water use efficiency, productivity and grain yields terms throughout the world under texturally divergent soils under different agroclimatic conditions. In the present review, attempts had been made as per published literature to check tensiometers performance and our reviewed data delineate that tensiometers in the region result in saving of 11–31% of water and 52–127 Kwh acre−1 of power without putting much adverse effect on the grains and thus overall improving the water productivity. Finally, we reached at the conclusion that tensiometer works but still it needs to be tested on the long term basis for ranking among different resource conservation technology.
Improving Immobilization of Pb(II) Ions by Aspergillus niger Cooperated with Photoelectron by Anatase Under Visible Light Irradiation

Abstract Lead pollution is rapidly becoming a serious concern, and remediation of lead contamination is a major challenge. Biological remediation is both environmentally friendly and sustainable process. In this study, we investigated the application of Aspergillus niger (Bpb1) for removing lead ion from a liquid medium by using photoelectron generated from a light-semiconductor mineral-microbial system. Synthetic anatase electrodes were systematically characterized and used as a photoelectron provider. Under light irradiation, the adsorption rates of Pb(II) by A. niger in the experimental groups increased by 204% (the maximum) on the fourth day, while the total adsorption rates remained the same. Further study of lead products revealed that lead ion combines with organic acids to form extracellular lead-containing products, which wrap around the fungal hyphae and combine with the cell wall. The anatase photoelectron enhanced the adsorption rate of Pb(II) by A. niger by forming larger lead-containing products, and by accelerating the transportation of Pb(II) into the inner cell. This novel approach provides newer insights into the application of biological degradation for environmental remediation.
Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Triplophysa jianchuanensis (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae)

Abstract We used the Illumina MiSeq platform to sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of Triplophysa jianchuanensis (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). The mitochondrial genome of T. jianchuanensis is 16,569 bp in length, and its genetic constitution and arrangement are consistent with those of the teleost taxon, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, an origin of light-strand replication, and a control region. The overall nucleotide base composition was 28.33% A, 27.25% T, 17.77% G, and 26.65% C. Phylogenetic analysis showed that T. jianchuanensis was grouped with T. venusta. These findings are valuable for further studies on the evolution, genetic diversity, and taxonomy of Triplophysa.
Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing Using Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo (ReMOT) Control in Bombyx mori

Simple Summary Lepidopteran insects are serious agricultural and forest pests that cause enormous global economic losses. The development of gene editing methods will significantly improve our ability to study gene function and greatly facilitate the control of lepidopteran pests. The application of gene editing technology in the model organism of lepidopteran insects, Bombyx mori, is mainly achieved by the microinjection of early embryos, but this approach is challenging in other lepidopteran insects. In this study, Cas9-mediated gene editing was established using the Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo (ReMOT) control technique by injection into B. mori female pupae. We identified a B. mori oocytes-targeting peptide ligand (BmOTP) that mediated the transduction of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein into the oocytes, resulting in heritable gene editing of the offspring. Because the BmOTP ligand was highly conserved among lepidopteran, our results will significantly facilitate genetic manipulation of other lepidopteran insects, advancing pest control or economic insect breeding. Abstract Lepidoptera is one of the most speciose insect orders, causing enormous damage to agricultural and forest crops. Although genome editing has been achieved in a few Lepidoptera for insect controls, most techniques are still limited. Here, by injecting female pupae of the Lepidoptera model species, Bombyx mori, gene editing was established using the Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo (ReMOT) control technique. We identified a B. mori oocytes-targeting peptide ligand (BmOTP, a 29 aa of vitellogenin N-terminal of silkworms) with a highly conserved sequence in lepidopteran insects that could efficiently deliver mCherry into oocytes. When BmOTP was fused to CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and the BmOTP-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex was injected into female pupae, heritable editing of the offspring was achieved in the silkworms. Compared with embryo microinjection, individual injection is more convenient and eliminates the challenge of injecting extremely small embryos. Our results will significantly facilitate the genetic manipulation of other lepidopteran insects, which is essential for advancing lepidopteran pest control.
Calculating Food Production in the Subsistence Harvest of Birds and Eggs + Supplementary Appendices S1 and S2

Subsistence harvest studies use number-to-mass conversion factors (CFn-m) to transform numbers of animals harvested into food production (CFn-m = body mass × recovery rate; where recovery rate is the percentage of the body mass represented by the processed carcass). Also, if egg harvest was reported as volume (e.g., a bucket), volume-to-number conversion factors (CFv-n) are needed to calculate the number of eggs taken. Conversion factors (CF) for subsistence harvest of birds and eggs have been based on unclear assumptions. We calculated a mean recovery rate (65%) by weighing and processing wild birds, compiled data on bird and egg mass, developed an egg CFv-n equation, and presented CF for 88 bird species, 13 subspecies or populations, and 25 species categories likely to be harvested in Alaska. We also made recommendations on how to apply and adjust CF according to study objectives. We recommend that subsistence harvest studies (1) collect egg harvest data as egg numbers (not volume); (2) clearly explain considerations and assumptions used in CF; (3) report recovery rates and mass of birds and eggs; and (4) cite original sources when referring to CF from previous studies. Attention to these points of method will improve the accuracy of food production estimates and the validity of food production comparisons across time and geographic areas.
The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory

Illustrations ix Preface xi Chapter 1: The Forgotten Meaning of Territory 1 Chapter 2: Indivisible Territory and Ethnic War 17 Chapter 3: Territory and Violence: A Statistical Assessment 34 Chapter 4: Russia and Tatarstan 45 Chapter 5: Russia and Chechnya 64 Chapter 6: Georgia and Abkhazia 87 Chapter 7: Georgia and Ajaria 107 Chapter 8: Conclusion 127 Appendix Tables 149 Notes 167 References 203 Index 219