Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clonal Hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and the risk of mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study

Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) occurs when hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow undergo somatic mutations and yield genetically distinct leukocyte subpopulations with increased expression of inflammatory genes in innate immune cells. Genes commonly mutated in CHIP are associated with DNA methylation, inflammation, generation of reactive oxygen species, and DNA damage response. Factors associated with CHIP, including inflammation, cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic disorders, and stroke are risks for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, however the association between CHIP and dementia is unknown. We examined the association between CHIP and the incidence of MCI or probable dementia over 22 years of follow‐up in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). We also examined these associations by common driver mutations for CHIP.
An experimental and theoretical investigation of the gas-phase benzene–OH radical adduct + O2 reaction

The reaction of the hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical (HO–C6H6) (the adduct from the benzene + OH reaction) with O2 has been investigated using laser flash photolysis with UV-absorption spectroscopic detection, and DFT and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. An absolute absorption spectrum was measured for the benzene–OH adduct, and its reaction with O2, giving a peroxy radical species, was seen to be equilibrated around room-temperature. An equilibrium constant of 1.15 ± 0.6 × 10−19 cm3 molecule−1 was determined at 295 K from an analysis of transient absorption signals using a detailed reaction mechanism. Equilibrium constants were obtained in this way at six different temperatures between 265 and 345 K. The temperature-dependence of these data indicates that the ΔH0298 and ΔS0298 for the title reaction are −10.5 ± 1.3 kcal mol−1 and −33.9 ± 1.4 cal K−1 mol−1 respectively (second-law analysis of the data, 2σ errors). A third-law analysis of the data (using a value for ΔS0298 of −38.3 cal K−1 mol−1, derived from DFT and ab initio calculations) yields a value for ΔH0298 of −11.7 ± 0.2 kcal mol−1, which compares with an ab initio calculated value of −12.2 kcal mol−1. Absorption signals at 260–275 nm, in the presence of high concentrations of O2, were observed that are consistent with the presence of the benzene–OH peroxy radical, and with stable products of its chemistry. Equilibrium constants obtained from these data agree well with our other determinations. The effective lifetime of the equilibrium system—adduct + O2 ⇌ adduct − O2—is dictated either by an additional, irreversible reaction of the benzene–OH adduct with O2 or by a unimolecular transformation of the peroxy species. Assuming the former case, a bimolecular rate constant of around 5.5 ± 3.0 × 10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 was estimated from a kinetic simulation of our decay signals. This rate constant does not appear to vary significantly between 265 and 320 K, but it must be emphasised that it was estimated with a fairly high uncertainty.
Stability of Lipogels with Low Molecular Mass Gelators and Emollient Oils

The influence of preparation methods on stability of lipogels was studied. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of different low molecular solid ingredients used as excipients in pharmaceutical and cosmetical products to form lipogels with emollient liquids of different polarities as well as to evaluate the stability of the lipogels obtained and the spreading ability of stable lipogels. The lipogels were prepared by heating the mix of oil and gelator a 100°C with two different forms of cooling: slow cooling of the without stirring and quick cooling with stirring. The stability tests were one year of storage at room temperature, centrifugation and three months at 40°C. None of the lipogels prepared with slow cooling and without stirring were stable in all stability tests. Eight of the formulations with quick cooling and stirring were stables in all stability tests: six with 12-hydroxystearic acid, one with hydrogenated castor oil, and one with beeswax as gelators. The lipogels with 12-hydroxystearic acid as gelator do not spread on skin or form clusters that spread after pressing with the fingers. The two lipogels with castor oil have good spreading ability on the skin.
Calcium- and Cobalt-Doped Yttrium Chromites as an Interconnect Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The structural, thermal and electrical characteristics of calcium- and cobalt-doped yttrium chromites were studied for a potential use as the interconnect material in high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as well as other high temperature electrochemical and thermoelectric devices. The Y0.8Ca0.2Cr1-xCoxO3±δ (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) compositions had single phase orthorhombic perovskite structures in the wide range of oxygen pressures. Sintering behavior was remarkably enhanced upon cobalt doping and densities 95% and 97% of theoretical density were obtained after sintering at 1300oC in air, when x was 0.2 and 0.3, respectively. The electrical conductivity in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres was significantly improved with cobalt content, and values of 49 and 10 S/cm at 850oC and 55 and 14 S/cm at 950oC in air and forming gas, respectively, were reported for x=0.2. The conductivity increase was attributed to the charge carrier density increase upon cobalt substitution for chromium confirmed with Seebeck measurements. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) was increased with cobalt content and closely matched to that of an 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte for 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.2. The chemical compatibility between Y0.8Ca0.2Cr1-xCoxO3±δ and YSZ was evaluated firing the two at 1400oC and no reaction products weremore » found if x value was kept lower than 0.2. « less
Relationship Between Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Cognition Among People With Risk of Cognitive Decline

Vascular risk factors (e.g., obesity and hypertension) are associated with cerebral small vessel disease, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, and dementia. Reduced perfusion may reflect the impaired ability of blood vessels to regulate blood flow in reaction to varying circumstances such as hypercapnia (increased end-tidal partial pressures of CO2). It has been shown that cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) measured with blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) MRI is correlated with cognitive performance and alterations of CVR may be an indicator of vascular disfunction leading to cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism of CVR alterations in BOLD signal may not be straight-forward because BOLD signal is affected by multiple physiological parameters, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume, and oxygen metabolism. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI quantitatively measures blood flow in the brain providing images of local CBF. Therefore, in this study, we measured CBF and its changes using a dynamic ASL technique during a hypercapnia challenge and tested if CBF or CVR was related to cognitive performance using the Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score. Seventy-eight participants underwent cognitive testing and MRI including ASL during a hypercapnia challenge with a RespirAct computer-controlled gas blender, targeting 10 mmHg higher end-tidal CO2 level than the baseline while end-tidal O2 level was maintained. Pseudo-continuous ASL (PCASL) was collected during a 2-min baseline and a 2-min hypercapnic period. CVR was obtained by calculating a percent change of CBF per the end-tidal CO2 elevation in mmHg between the baseline and the hypercapnic challenge. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that baseline resting CBF has no significant relationship with MMSE, while lower CVR in the whole brain gray matter (β = 0.689, p = 0.005) and white matter (β = 0.578, p = 0.016) are related to lower MMSE score. In addition, region of interest (ROI) based analysis showed positive relationships between MMSE score and CVR in 26 out of 122 gray matter ROIs.
Aromatic Compounds Mannich Reaction Using Economical Acidic Ionic Liquids Based on Morpholinium Salts as Dual Solvent-Catalysts

Economical acidic ionic liquids containing an alkanesulfonic acid group in a morpholinium cation were found to be effective catalysts for the Mannich reactions of various kinds of aromatic aldehydes, acetophenone and aromatic amines at mild reaction conditions. The satisfactory results were obtained with short reaction time, good yields of the Mannich bases and simplicity in the experimental procedure. These ionic liquids could be recycled and reused for up to five times without considerable decreasing in the catalytic activity.
Free-living standing activity as assessed by seismic accelerometers and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: The MIND trial.

BACKGROUND Few older adults are able to achieve recommended levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity despite known cognitive benefits. Alternatively, less intense activities such as standing can be easily integrated into daily life. No existing study has examined the impact of free-living standing activity during daily life as measured by a device on cognition in older adults. Our purpose was to examine the association between free-living standing activity and cognitive function in cognitively healthy older adults. METHODS Participants were 98 adult participants aged 65 years or older from the ongoing MIND trial (NCT02817074) without diagnoses or symptoms of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Linear regression analyses tested cross-sectional associations between standing activity (duration and intensity from the MoveMonitor+ accelerometer/gyroscope) and cognition (4 cognitive domains constructed from 12 cognitive performance tests). RESULTS Participants were on average 69.7 years old (SD = 3.7), 69.4% women, and 73.5% had a college degree or higher. Higher mean intensity of standing activity was significantly associated with higher levels of perceptual speed when adjusting for age, gender, and education level. Each log unit increase in standing activity intensity was associated with 0.72 units higher of perceptual speed (p=.023). When we additionally adjusted for cognitive activities and moderate-vigorous physical activity, and then also for body mass index, depressive symptoms, prescription medication use, and device wear time, the positive association remained. CONCLUSIONS These findings should be further explored in longitudinal analyses and interventions for cognition that incorporate small changes to free-living activity in addition to promoting moderate-vigorous physical activity.
Re3B type intermetallics — crystal chemistry, bonding and properties

Abstract The crystal chemistry of binary and ternary intermetallic compounds with orthorhombic Re3B or MgCuAl2 type structure is reviewed. Besides the preparation techniques and crystal chemistry we focus on the structure–property relations and chemical bonding peculiarities. So far about 100 compounds with this structural arrangement have been reported. The large family of intermetallics comprises borides, aluminides, gallides, indides, thallides, and stannides, but also some magnesium and cadmium compounds.
Partitioning of organic carbon, aluminium and cadmium between solid and solution in soils: application of a mineral–humic particle additivity model

The partitioning of chemical elements between the solid and solution phases in soil is fundamental in understanding processes such as leaching and bioavailability. Here I present a model in which the partitioning of Cd, Al and carbon in both mineral and organic soils can be simulated in the pH range 2–8. A two‐phase additivity approach simulates ion adsorption by the soils using a hydrous ferric oxide and humic type surface. A model for the partitioning of soil humic matter has also been developed in which the NICA–Donnan model calculates humic surface charge. Other key processes represented include mineral solubilization and solution speciation.
Potential antitumor agents. IV. Pyrrole analogues of oncodazole

The synthesis of alkyl [5-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamates and alkyl [5-(1H-pyrrol- 1-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamates is described. The new pyrrole derivatives are related to oncodazole, a recent synthetic derivative showing antifungal, antitumor and anthelmintic properties.
The role of cardiometabolic risk in the association between accumulation of affective symptoms across adulthood and midlife cognitive function

Affective symptoms, such as depression and anxiety, are associated with cognition in midlife and later life. However, the role of cardiometabolic risk in this association has not been examined. The aim of this research was to investigate how cardiometabolic risk contributes to associations between affective symptoms and midlife cognition.
Natürlich vorkommende Terpen‐Derivate, 106. Über weitere α‐Longipinen‐Derivate aus Compositen

Die Untersuchung weiterer Stevia-Arten ergibt neben bekannten Verbindungen mehrere neue α-Longipinen-Derivate (14–16, 19–30, 33, 34, 38 und 39) sowie die Bisabolen-Derivate 41 und 42. Aus Tanacetum tanacetioides wird die Stammverbindung, das 1-Oxo-α-longipinen (1), sowie das Germacranolid 9 isoliert. Die Konstitutionen werden durch eingehende spektroskopische Untersuchungen geklart. Die Isolierung von 14 stutzt die angenommene Biogenese der Longipinen-Derivate. Die chemotaxonomische Bedeutung dieser Gruppe von Sesquiterpenen wird diskutiert. Naturally Occurring Terpene Derivatives, 106. On Further α-Longipinene Derivatives from Composites The investigation of further Stevia species affords besides known compounds several new α-longipinene derivatives (14–16, 19–30, 33, 34, 38, and 39) as well as the bisabolene derivatives 41 and 42. From Tanacetum tanacetioides the basic compound, 1-oxo-α-longipinene (1), and the germacranolide 9 have been isolated. The structures have been elucidated by extensive spectroscopic investigations and by some chemical transformations. The isolation of 14 supports the postulated biogenesis of the longipinene derivatives. The chemotaxonomical importance of this group of sesquiterpenes is discussed.
Reaction Equilibria in the Synthesis of 2-Methoxy-2-methylbutane and 2-Ethoxy-2-methylbutane in the Liquid Phase

Tertiary ethers are used as octane-enhancing components in gasoline. Equilibrium constants for the liquid-phase synthesis of 2-methoxy-2-methylbutane (TAME) and 2-ethoxy-20methylbutane (TAEE) were measured in the temperature range 323-363 K. The equilibria were studied using the alcohol/alkene mixture in various mole ratios and the respective ether as a reagent in a batch reactor. A commercial cation exchange resin (Amberlyst 16) was used as the catalyst. The system was strongly nonideal, and the UNIQUAC estimation method was used in the calculation of the liquid-phase activity coefficients. The experimental equilibrium constants are given as a function of temperature. At 333 K the equilibrium constants K[sub a] for the synthesis of TAME were 39.6 [+-] 2.5 from methanol and 2-methyl-1-butene (2M1B) and 4.1 [+-] 0.3 from 2-methyl-2-butene (2M2B). The equilibrium constants for the synthesis of TAEE were 17.4 [+-] 1.1 from ethanol and 2M1B and 1.7 [+-] 0.1 from 2M2B. The experimental [Delta][sub r]H values for the liquid-phase synthesis of TAME were [minus]33.6[+-]5.1 kJ/mol (2M1B) and [minus]26.8 [+-] 2.3 kJ/mol (2M2B), and those for the synthesis of TAEE were [minus]35.2 [+-] 5.8 kJ/mol (2M1B) and [minus]27.3 [+-] 6.7 kJ/mol (2M2B). The results were compared with the literature values.
Association between low density lipoprotein and all cause and cause specific mortality in Denmark: prospective cohort study

Abstract Objective To determine the association between levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and all cause mortality, and the concentration of LDL-C associated with the lowest risk of all cause mortality in the general population. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Denmark; the Copenhagen General Population Study recruited in 2003-15 with a median follow-up of 9.4 years. Participants Individuals randomly selected from the national Danish Civil Registration System. Main outcome measures Baseline levels of LDL-C associated with risk of mortality were evaluated on a continuous scale (restricted cubic splines) and by a priori defined centile categories with Cox proportional hazards regression models. Main outcome was all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were cause specific mortality (cardiovascular, cancer, and other mortality). Results Among 108 243 individuals aged 20-100, 11 376 (10.5%) died during the study, at a median age of 81. The association between levels of LDL-C and the risk of all cause mortality was U shaped, with low and high levels associated with an increased risk of all cause mortality. Compared with individuals with concentrations of LDL-C of 3.4-3.9 mmol/L (132-154 mg/dL; 61st-80th centiles), the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality was 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.36) for individuals with LDL-C concentrations of less than 1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL; 1st-5th centiles) and 1.15 (1.05 to 1.27) for LDL-C concentrations of more than 4.8 mmol/L (>189 mg/dL; 96th-100th centiles). The concentration of LDL-C associated with the lowest risk of all cause mortality was 3.6 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) in the overall population and in individuals not receiving lipid lowering treatment, compared with 2.3 mmol/L (89 mg/dL) in individuals receiving lipid lowering treatment. Similar results were seen in men and women, across age groups, and for cancer and other mortality, but not for cardiovascular mortality. Any increase in LDL-C levels was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Conclusions In the general population, low and high levels of LDL-C were associated with an increased risk of all cause mortality, and the lowest risk of all cause mortality was found at an LDL-C concentration of 3.6 mmol/L (140 mg/dL).
Rostro‐caudal locus coeruleus integrity differences vary with age and sex using ultra‐high field imaging

Autopsy studies reported that the locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the initial regions to accumulate tau early in life. With every increase in Braak stage, LC volumes declines with approximately 8%. In addition, animal studies have reported a sexual differentiation of the locus coeruleus (LC), reflecting a higher number of neurons in women. Given the reported sexual dimorphism in subcortical volumes and cortical tau deposition, indicating a higher vulnerability in women, we sought to examine age and sex‐differences along the rostro‐caudal axis of the LC by using dedicated novel structural ultra‐high field imaging methods.
Curvature and Strength of Ni-YSZ Solid Oxide Half-Cells After Redox Treatments

One of the main drawbacks of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell technology is the limited capability to withstand reduction and oxidation (“RedOx”) of the Ni phase. This study compares the effect of RedOx cycles on curvature and strength of half-cells, composed of a Ni-YSZ support, a Ni- YSZ anode and an 8YSZ electrolyte. Five different treatments were studied: (i) reduction at 600°C, (ii) reduction at 1000°C, (iii) 1 RedOx cycle at 750°C, (iv) 5 RedOx cycles at 750°C and (v) 5 RedOx cycles at 600°C. The strength was measured by the ball-on-ring method, where it is calculated analytically from the force. In this calculation the thermal stresses have been estimated from the curvature of the half-cell. For each treatment, more than 30 samples were tested. About 20 ball-on-ring samples were laser cut from one original 12x12 cm2 half-cell. Curvature and porosity were measured for each sample before and after RedOx treatments. The first observations show that increasing the reduction temperature enhance strength but does not influence the curvature, whereas 1 RedOx cycle at 750°C increases the curvature without changing the strength. Consecutive RedOx cycles seem to decrease anode-supported cell strength, but this is coupled to lower porosity of the sample.
Adsorptive removal of catechol on waste Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide: Equilibrium and kinetics study

The adsorption of catechol onto “waste” Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide was investigated to assess the possible use of this adsorbent. The influence of various parameters such as agitation time, catechol concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature has been studied. Equilibrium adsorption data followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption followed second-order rate kinetics. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Qo) was found to be 4.0 mg/g of the adsorbent. Acidic pH was favorable for the adsorption of catechol. Desorption studies showed that chemisorption seems to be the major mode of the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° for the adsorption were evaluated.
Iron Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a disease characterized by recurrent, episodic, and transient central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction resulting from an excessive synchronous discharge of brain neurons. It is characterized by diverse etiology, complex pathogenesis, and difficult treatment. In addition, most epileptic patients exhibit social cognitive impairment and psychological impairment. Iron is an essential trace element for human growth and development and is also involved in a variety of redox reactions in organisms. However, abnormal iron metabolism is associated with several neurological disorders, including hemorrhagic post-stroke epilepsy and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). Moreover, ferroptosis is also considered a new form of regulation of cell death, which is attributed to severe lipid peroxidation caused by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron overload found in various neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Therefore, this review summarizes the study on iron metabolism and ferroptosis in epilepsy, in order to elucidate the correlation between iron and epilepsy. It also provides a novel method for the treatment, prevention, and research of epilepsy, to control epileptic seizures and reduce nerve injury after the epileptic seizure.