Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile of Patients with Cerebral Palsy – A Hospital-based Study

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the leading causes of childhood disability worldwide with the greatest burden found in developing countries. Motor impairments are the hallmarks of CP, but in many individuals, other impairments such as vision, hearing, speech, cognition, behavior, and epilepsy may at times produce even greater activity limitation in daily life. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management with a multidisciplinary approach are required for satisfactory management of a child with CP. In lowand middle-income countries, there are gaps in knowledge especially in spheres of epidemiological research, intervention, and service utilization. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among the children coming to the inpatient and outpatient Department of Paediatrics SMGS Hospital, Government Medical College Jammu. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the clinical pattern and etiological factors of CP and to determine the prevalence of associated disabilities or handicaps in CP. Our study population included 100 cases of diagnosed CP up to 18 years of age. Results: A total of 100 children of CP were evaluated of which 59% were boys and 41% were girls. CP patients belonged to various age groups as, <2 years (46%), 2–4 years (30%), 4–6 years (12%), 6–12 years (10%), and 12–18 years (2%). CP patients coming to our hospital belonged to various districts such as Jammu (27%), Rajouri (20%), Doda (17%), Reasi (11%), Udhampur (8%), Kathua (7%), Poonch (5%), and Samba (5%). The most common etiological factors were birth asphyxia (48%). The spastic type was the most common (65%), followed by ataxic (15%), dyskinetic (10%), and mixed (10%). Among the spastic quadriplegic, subtype was seen in 69%, diplegia in 23%, and hemiplegia in 8%. Speech delay was the most common associated problem (80%), followed by seizures (56%), feeding difficulty (46%), and contractures and deformities (20%). Formal vision assessment had been done in only 48% of the patients, among them, 30% had normal vision, 9% had refractive error, 7% were having strabismus, and 2% were blind. Spectacles were being used by only three patients. A mere 30% of the patients had undergone hearing assessment; among them, 6% were having moderate to profound hearing loss. Hearing aid was being used by two patients. Physiotherapy services were being availed by 47% of patients. Early intervention and appropriate rehabilitation services should be provided to such children to limit the disability. Medical college hospitals of India, where a number of these children report with their various problems, can play an important role as nodal centers for evaluation and registration of such patients.
Ginkgo biloba extract potentiates Nootropics effects of piracetam against ethanol-induced dementia and brain damage

The long-term or excessive alcohol consumption results in neurological damage and memory loss is also termed as ̳alcoholic dementia. [1] Various studies have suggested the prevalence of alcoholrelated dementia to be about 10% of all cases of dementia. [2] It is characterized by structural and functional damage in the brain. [3] There are several studies attempted to find out treatment option for alcohol-induced dementia and brain damage. In this paper, we have used a combination of two agents with an established Nootropics profile at low, medium, and high dose and compared with animals received the highest dose of these agents administered independently. ABSTRACT
In Neural Machine Translation, What Does Transfer Learning Transfer?

Transfer learning improves quality for low-resource machine translation, but it is unclear what exactly it transfers. We perform several ablation studies that limit information transfer, then measure the quality impact across three language pairs to gain a black-box understanding of transfer learning. Word embeddings play an important role in transfer learning, particularly if they are properly aligned. Although transfer learning can be performed without embeddings, results are sub-optimal. In contrast, transferring only the embeddings but nothing else yields catastrophic results. We then investigate diagonal alignments with auto-encoders over real languages and randomly generated sequences, finding even randomly generated sequences as parents yield noticeable but smaller gains. Finally, transfer learning can eliminate the need for a warm-up phase when training transformer models in high resource language pairs.
Classification-Based Self-Learning for Weakly Supervised Bilingual Lexicon Induction

Effective projection-based cross-lingual word embedding (CLWE) induction critically relies on the iterative self-learning procedure. It gradually expands the initial small seed dictionary to learn improved cross-lingual mappings. In this work, we present ClassyMap, a classification-based approach to self-learning, yielding a more robust and a more effective induction of projection-based CLWEs. Unlike prior self-learning methods, our approach allows for integration of diverse features into the iterative process. We show the benefits of ClassyMap for bilingual lexicon induction: we report consistent improvements in a weakly supervised setup (500 seed translation pairs) on a benchmark with 28 language pairs.
Effect of climate change on mast‐seeding species: frequency of mass flowering and escape from specialist insect seed predators

Global surface temperatures are expected to increase by several degrees in the next century, with potentially large but poorly understood impacts on ecological interactions. Here we propose potential effects of increased temperatures on ecologically dominant New Zealand grasses (Chionochloa spp.) that mass flower and mast seed. Twenty‐two years’ data from five masting Chionochloa species in New Zealand showed that the cue for heavy flowering was unusually high temperature in the summer of the year before flowering. Attack by predispersal insect seed predators was much reduced in mast years, apparently because predator populations were satiated. Increased temperatures would greatly decrease interannual variation in Chionochloa flowering, allowing seed predator populations to increase and potentially to devastate the seed crop annually. Similar responses are likely in masting species worldwide. This previously unrecognized effect of global warming could have widespread impacts on temperate ecosystems.
The Impact of Skin in the Game on Bank Behavior in the Securitization Market

Based on European RMBS deals with 24 million quarterly loan observations, we examine the effect of risk retention on bank behavior. Using OLS, propensity score matching, and instrumental variable regressions, we examine why retention deals perform better. Analyzing monitoring effort and the workout process, we find that the probability of rating updates or collateral revaluations is higher, and the rating quality is better. Retention loans have a lower probability of becoming non-performing, a lower delinquency amount, and a shorter time in arrears. Moreover, non-performing and defaulted retention loans are more likely to recover. We observe that total losses are lower for deals with retention, which are driven by lower default rates, lower exposures at default, and higher recovery rates. Overall, our results suggest that retention reduces moral hazard and incentivizes banks to exert higher effort, which results in superior securitized asset performance.
WHAT CONSTRAINS DAILY INTAKE IN THOMSON'S GAZELLES?

We tested whether cropping or digestion by Thomson's gazelles ( Gazella thomsoni) constrains daily energy intake under sward conditions normally encountered during the growing season. Distinguishing between these alternatives is important in un- derstanding grass-grazer interactions and modeling grazer energetics. Grazing trials on artificial swards showed that gazelles had a monotonically saturating functional response, but that relationships between grazing rate and forage density changed with grass height. Grazing rate was positively related to biomass on short swards, yet there was no significant relationship for tall swards. Bite mass and bite rate also differed in their relationship to biomass across sward heights, with the strongest relationships being found on short swards. Bite rate and bite mass were inversely related, as predicted by current theory for dense grass swards. Voluntary energy intake on a daily basis was a positive function of the digestible energy content of forage, but a negative function of sward biomass. Therefore, our results indicate that daily energy intake is constrained by digestive processes on swards with biomass . 25 g/m 2 , whereas intake is constrained by cropping processes at lower sward biomass. Our data additionally suggest that variation in bite rate and bite mass with sward height could permit a small ruminant to select high-quality grass, thereby achieving high energy gain on immature swards.
T4: Compiling Sequential Code for Effective Speculative Parallelization in Hardware

Multicores are now ubiquitous, but programmers still write sequential code. Speculative parallelization is an enticing approach to parallelize code while retaining the ease of sequential programming, making parallelism pervasive. However, prior speculative parallelizing compilers and architectures achieved limited speedups due to high costs of recovering from misspeculation and hardware scalability bottlenecks.We present T4, a parallelizing compiler that successfully leverages recent hardware features for speculative execution, which present new opportunities and challenges for automatic parallelization. T4 transforms sequential programs into trees of tiny timestamped tasks. T4 introduces novel compiler techniques to expose parallelism aggressively across the entire program, breaking applications into tiny tasks of tens of instructions each. Task trees unfold their branches in parallel to enable high task-spawn throughput while exploiting selective aborts to recover from misspeculation cheaply. T4 exploits parallelism across function calls, loops, and loop nests; performs new transformations to reduce task spawn costs and avoid false sharing; and exploits data locality among fine-grain tasks. As a result, T4 scales several hard-to-parallelize SPECCPU2006 benchmarks to tens of cores, on which prior work attained little or no speedup.
What Does BERT with Vision Look At?

Pre-trained visually grounded language models such as ViLBERT, LXMERT, and UNITER have achieved significant performance improvement on vision-and-language tasks but what they learn during pre-training remains unclear. In this work, we demonstrate that certain attention heads of a visually grounded language model actively ground elements of language to image regions. Specifically, some heads can map entities to image regions, performing the task known as entity grounding. Some heads can even detect the syntactic relations between non-entity words and image regions, tracking, for example, associations between verbs and regions corresponding to their arguments. We denote this ability as syntactic grounding. We verify grounding both quantitatively and qualitatively, using Flickr30K Entities as a testbed.
Fosmid library construction and end sequences analysis of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is globally distributed and is one of the most commercially and ecologically important marine organisms. However, little is known about the genome of this species. In this study, a C. gigas fosmid library was constructed that contains 459,936 clones with an average insert size of approximately 40 kb, representing 22.34-fold haploid genome equivalents. End sequencing generated 90,240 fosmid end sequences (FESs) with an average length of 384.27 base pairs (bp), covering approximately 2.58% of the Pacific oyster genome. The FESs were subsequently assembled and annotated, resulting in 6332 sequences with predicted open reading frames≥300 and 1,189,100 bp repeats. Furthermore, a total of 3200 microsatellite repeats were identified, and dinucleotide repeats were found to occur most abundantly, with AG and AAT being the most abundant repeat class of dinucleotides and trinucleotides. We also found that the repeat number was generally negatively proportional to the repeat element length. Microsatellites composition between the transcribed sequences and genomic sequences was shown to be different. Point mutations of microsatellite were non-random and underwent strong selection stress. Overall, a comprehensive sequence resource for the Pacific oyster was created, including annotated transposable elements, tandem repeats, protein coding sequences and microsatellites. These initial findings will serve as resources for further in-depth studies of physical mapping, gene discovery, microsatellite marker developing and evolution studies.
Reassessment of Turonian Mosasaur Material from the ‘Middle chalk’ (England, U.K.), and the Status of Mosasaurus gracilis Owen, 1849

ABSTRACT The first described genus of mosasaur, Mosasaurus hoffmannii, has been coarsely diagnosed and defined since its creation, with numerous specimens and new species being assigned to the genus with little or no reference to, and thus few real similarities with, the generic type specimen. One of the earliest examples of a weakly defined and diagnosed species assigned to the genus is Mosasaurus gracilis. Location and examination of the various assigned specimens and the holotype indicate that M. gracilis shares more characters, such as a short rostrum on the dentary anterior to the first teeth, with russellosaurine mosasaurs. In addition, M. gracilis is known from Turonian deposits, whereas other species belonging to Mosasaurus are upper Campanian—Maastrichtian in age. Based on the evidence of shared characters and contemporaneity, we suggest that M. gracilis be removed from Mosasaurus because it shares more affinities with members of the Russellosaurina. This represents the first step in the very necessary process of untangling the alpha taxonomy, and subsequently the complete systematics, of the genus Mosasaurus hoffmannii.
A study of the anatomy of Pupa and Maxacteon (Acteonidae, Opisthobranchia), with an account of the breeding cycle of Pupa kirki

Summary The external features, mantle cavity, reproductive system and nervous system of Pupa kirki (Hutton, 1873) and three species of Maxacteon Rudman, 1971 are described and compared with Acteon tornatilis (L). It is suggested that the reproductive system of Pupa and Maxacteon, with two accessory sacs, the gametolytic sac and an exogenous sperm sac, is more primitive than that of Acteon tornatilis. The breeding cycle of Pupa kirki shows that the species has a basic annual cycle, a few specimens surviving for two years.
Dual Induction Therapy after Pediatric Kidney Transplantation in a Multiracial Cohort: A Single Center Experience

Induction antibody immunosuppressive protocols in children have been extrapolated from experience gained primarily from kidney transplantation in adults and are center-specific. There is a paucity of information on the clinical and immunological effects of these protocols in children. Objective: To assess clinical characteristics and trends in peripheral blood lymphocytes over time after pediatric kidney transplantation with our center-specific dual antibody induction protocol. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed in all pediatric kidney transplant recipients less than 21 years of age at the Miami Transplant Institute during the period of January 2012 to June 2015. Relevant demographic, clinical characteristics and data on lymphocyte subset analysis were collected. Our protocol consisted of an average of 4 doses of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG), 2 doses of basiliximab and rapid methylprednisolone taper. Results: Between January 2012 and June 2015, 50 children < 21 years were transplanted, of which 40 children received our standard dual induction protocol. Maintenance immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus (levels -6-8 ng/ ml) and mycophenolic acid and was steroid free in 95% of children. Median age was 9.0 years and 60% were Hispanic and African American. Following a normalized square root transformation, there was a post-transplant nadir in CD4+ (-74.3%), CD8+ (-58.8%), NK (-68.5%) and CD25+ cells (-93.7%) at one week, and CD19 and HLADR at 4 weeks (-31.1% and -31.6%, respectively). At one year, most cells returned to just under baseline levels. CD4+CD25 bright (Treg) cells were low at 4 weeks and peaked at 24 weeks post-transplant. Oneand 3-year graft survival were 98%, and 94%, respectively, and patient survival was 100%. No patients developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Conclusions: This study contributes to understanding the clinical and immunological effects of a dual antibody induction therapy which facilitates steroid sparing and lower doses of calcineurin inhibitors in a multiracial group of children. Future studies comparing these patterns across various immunosuppressive protocols are warranted.
Are New Zealand stream ecosystems really different

Abstract New Zealand stream ecosystems differ from many of their North American counterparts, on which general stream ecosystem models are based, in several ways. In New Zealand, large particle detritivores (shredders) are poorly represented, and the dominant invertebrates are browsers which feed on fine particulate organic matter and stone‐surface organic layers. In contrast with the river continuum concept of Vannote et al. (Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37: 130–137, 1980), representation of functional feeding groups shows little change downstream and a temporal continuum of synchronous species replacements is not found. Many common benthic invertebrates are ecologically flexible species with poorly synchronised life histories. These differences appear to be associated with the non‐retentive, climatically unpredictable nature of the stream environment. The idea that stream communities are highly structured entities is questioned, as is the generality of the river continuum concept.
Fine-grained control of electric vehicle charging with policy gradient

In this work-in-progress paper, we consider how a fleet of electric vehicles can be charged with fine-grained control in order to balance the load on the electricity grid. We do this by using a policy gradient algorithm that uses the joint information of all the cars and outputs a continuous action for every agent. We observed that the reinforcement learning algorithm is able to learn a policy that reduces electricity consumption peaks and performs better than the business-as-usual case and when just using a backup controller.
Myxomycete biodiversity in four different forest types in Costa Rica.

The moist chamber culture technique was used to examine patterns of biodiversity and distri- bution of myxomycetes in four different forest types in Costa Rica, focusing on the substrates represented by the bark surface of living trees and leaf litter. Rar- efaction as well as bootstrap analyses were carried out to estimate the completeness of the survey in terms of the numbers of species of myxomycetes present. Both species diversity and myxomycete abundance decreased with increasing elevation and resulting higher moisture levels of the investigated forest types. The two seasonal dry forest types accounted for 90% of the total myxomycete diversity. For bark-inhabiting myxomycetes, species richness was found to be neg- atively correlated with epiphyte (i.e., mosses, liver- worts, and lichens) coverage. For both litter and bark, a higher substrate pH tended to be positively correlated with higher species diversity. Among litter- inhabiting myxomycetes, the proportion of species with rather robust phaneroplasmodia increased with increasing elevation. All of these results indicate that the excess of moisture in continuously moist tropical forests does not favor myxomycete growth and de- velopment. Species richness and frequency patterns for both substrate types were found to be comparable with those calculated from a data set reported for a study area in the temperate zone, indicating that myxomycete biodiversity does not reach its highest
Anomalous areas and awkward ages: alleviating concerns

Brower & Vane-Wright (2011) critique our recent paper (Wahlberg & Rubinoff, 2011) and bring up some very important points concerning the use of algorithms such as diva (Ronquist, 1997) and beast (Drummond & Rambaut, 2007). Although we agree that the use of algorithms such as these may have some pitfalls and problems, we feel that their judicious use can be informative about the evolutionary history of a group in question. We see the process of delving into a group of organisms as iterative, with each successive study bringing new understanding that can be used to inform the basis of following studies. This is how we have approached our study of the genus Vanessa, a genus belonging to the heavily studied tribe Nymphalini (Janz et al., 2001; Nylin et al., 2001; Wahlberg & Nylin, 2003; Slove & Janz, 2011). We explain below our rationale in light of the critique from our colleagues Brower and Vane-Wright.
Navigating the Combinatorics of Virtual Agent Design Space to Maximize Persuasion

Designers of virtual agents have a combinatorically large space of choices for different media that comprise the look and behavior of their characters. We explore the systematic manipulation of animation quality, speech quality, and rendering style, and its impact on the perceptions of virtual agents in terms of naturalness, engagement, trust, credibility, and persuasion within a health counseling domain. The agent’s counseling behavior was based on live video footage of a human counselor. We conducted a between-subjects study that had 12 conditions. Character animation was varied be-tween a static image, procedural animation using a gestuary, and manually rotoscoped animation. Voice quality was varied between recorded audio of the human counselor and synthetic speech. Char-acter rendering style was varied between 3D-shaded realistic and toon-shaded. Prior studies indicate that people prefer and attribute more sociality to other people and agents when modalities are consistent in their level of quality. Thus, we hypothesize that people will be most affected by agents whose animation, voice, and rendering style are consistent, rather than the effects of channel quality being purely additive. Results indicate that natural animations and recorded voice are more appropriate for general acceptance, trust, and credibility of the agent, and how appropriate she seems for the task. However, our results indicate that for a brief health counseling task, animation might actually be distracting from the persuasive message, with the highest levels of persuasion found when the amount of agent animation is minimized.