Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETERMINACIÓN DE LOS ÍNDICES DE COSECHA DE DURAZNOS CVS. FLORDAKING Y SAN PEDRO 16-33

El estado de madurez de los frutos a la cosecha representa uno de los factores decisivos en su calidad y en su periodo de conservacion. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar los indices de cosecha mas adecuados para duraznos (Prunus persica L.) de los cultivares Flordaking y San Pedro 16-33. La acidez disminuyo significativamente y no aumentaron los solidos solubles, lo cual se asocia con perdidas de sabor. De los indices evaluados los mas representativos del grado de madurez fueron el valor a* [CIE (1976) L*a*b*] medido en la zona mas verde de la epidermis y la firmeza, esta ultima con valores de 5,89 kg en Flordaking y 4,98 kg en San Pedro 16-33, para asegurar una maduracion organoleptica fuera de la planta. Se calcularon los coeficientes de correlacion y determinacion entre la firmeza y el color de fondo medidos en las zonas mas verde y mas amarilla de la piel.
Neuroendocrinology of Teleosts

The nucleus preopticus has been shown to receive afferent input from certain cranial nerves and the spinal cord. In addition, the nucleus preopticus and its tracts can synthesize and transport hormones about as rapidly as a mammal can. The nucleus preopticus is functionally involved in the spawning reflex behavior. The hypothalamic control of each of the adenohypophysial hormones is discussed. There is conflicting and incomplete evidence for the control of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), prolactin, and somatotropin. Secretion of prolactin and MSH may each be controlled by an inhibitory factor. Corticotropin secretion has been shown to be controlled by corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). There is a negative fedback effect by cortisol on the pituitary to suppress corticotropin secretion. Gonadotropin secretion is controlled by gonadotropin releasing factor (GRF). A part of the nucleus lateralis tuberis is involved in the control of gonadotropin secretion. A great deal of indirect evidence indicates that a thyrotropin inhibitory factor (TIF) controls thyrotropin secretion. There is a negative feedback effect by thyroxine on the pituitary to suppress thyrotropin secretion and a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus to stimulate TIF secretion. The above findings are restricted to only one or two species in each instance. It is not known how general the above mechanisms of control are found throughout the teleosts.
Seed storage, germination and seedling emergence in Rhamnus catharticus.

This study was aimed to improve the understanding of germination ecology and to explain the invasive character of the common buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus) in North America. Its fully mature seeds are characterized by a lack of dormancy. In laboratory conditions, favourable thermal conditions were identified for seed storage, germination and seedling emergence. At the cyclically alternating temperature of 20~30°C (16+8 h daily), seeds of this species showed a high germination rate within few weeks. Two other thermal variants, 3~15°C and 3~20°C (16+8 h daily), were much less effective for seed germination. However, cold stratification (at 3°C) in a moist mixture of peat and sand, lasting 4–8 weeks, caused a remarkable increase in germination rate also at 3~15°C. Seeds extracted from ripe fruits and dried (to a moisture content of about 10%) showed high germination and emergence rates after storage for 3.5 years at –3°C. Additional key words: invasive species; landscape shrub; medicinal use Address: Laboratory of Seed Biology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, ttylkows@man.poznan. pl
Predicting Future Threats to the Native Vegetation of Robinson Crusoe Island, Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile

Abstract: The Juan Fernandez Archipelago, a Chilean national park and biosphere reserve, is 700 km west of continental Chile. Invasive plant species pose major threats to the native, highly endemic vegetation, especially on Robinson Crusoe Island (Mas a Tierra), where there is a permanent settlement. We used historical and recent vegetation map data as well as recent vegetational point data to reconstruct vegetational changes on the island since the early twentieth century. In addition, we used logistic regression models with environmental variables or their surrogates (elevation, solar radiation, topographic similarity index, slope position) to estimate the potential distributions of the worst invaders. Native vegetation has been affected most severely by Acaena argentea, Aristotelia chilensis, Rubus ulmifolius, and Ugni molinae, leading to a significant decrease of endemic plants in the montane forests and native shrublands. The native forest has decreased by approximately one‐third. The area affected by Aristotelia chilensis increased from 6.5% to 14% of the total island area. Ugni molinae, once rare, is now abundant (4.6%), as is Acaena (11.9%). Rubus ulmifolius, not present 80 years ago, now covers about 7% of the island's surface. The distributions of all studied species except Rubus ulmifolius are significantly (p < 0.05) controlled by the environmental factors we examined. Inferring from potential distributions of Aristotelia chilensis and Ugni molinae, 50% of the native montane forest could be invaded or replaced (with a probability of >60%) by these plants. Based on the invasion speed of the past 80 years, this would take another 80 years if conservation measures do not succeed.
Effects of Fractions Containing Saponins from Yucca schidigera, Quillaja saponaria, and Acacia auriculoformis on Rumen Fermentation

Fractions containing saponins from Yucca schidigera, Quillaja saponaria, and Acacia auriculoformis on incubation in an in vitro rumen fermentation system containing hay as a substrate increased the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis as judged by (i) a gravimetric approach, (ii) 15N incorporation into microbial protein, and (iii) purine levels in microbes. The true degradability of hay at 24 h of incubation was either not affected or increased by saponins, and the gas production, which is a measure of short-chain fatty acids and fermentative gases, was lower or similar. Yucca and Quillaja saponins decreased the rate of gas production when hay or a mixture of hay and concentrate (70:30) was used as substrate, but Acacia saponins increased the rate of gas production from the hay plus concentrate mixture. The potential extent of gas production from both of the substrates was lower in the presence of Acacia saponins. Yucca saponins also decreased the potential extent of gas production, but the decrease .
Population dynamics of the shrub Acacia suaveolens (Sm.) Willd.: Dispersal and the dynamics of the soil seed‐bank

Genet survival in seeds of Acacia suaveolens was examined through both dispersal and dormancy in the soil in populations near Sydney. Following initial passive seed-fall, the majority of seeds lie within a 1 m radius of the stem of the parent. Further dispersal is predominately mediated by ants. A. suaveolens seeds possess an elaiosome which attracts ants. When elaiosomes are removed, the potential for further dispersal of seeds is greatly reduced. Three species of ant disperse seeds of A. suaveolens and the fate of seeds following ant dispersal was observed to depend on the particular species of ant involved. Ants of both Iridomyrmex sp. and Pheidole sp. B are too small to drag seeds and, instead, ants of these species usually remove the elaiosome in situ, with little dispersal of the-seed resulting. Ants of Pheidole sp. A are larger and disperse seeds further, frequently taking them into their nests where the elaisosome is removed. Seeds are retained inside the nests and incorporated into the floors and walls of passageways and chambers. Several supposed ‘advantages’ of myrmecochory were examined but none were verified. Instead, two distinct ‘disadvantages’ were identified. These were: burial of seeds by ants of Pheidole sp. A into ‘unsafe sites’; and too deep a burial of seeds in nests for seeds to receive a stimulus to germinate during fires, and for seedlings to emerge successfully. Outside nests of Pheidole sp. A. seeds are concentrated in the top 5 cm of the soil, whilst within nests of these ants, seeds are found up to 15 cm deep. The dynamics of various components of the soil seed-bank were examined using seeds buried in nylon mesh containers. The seed-bank is persistent without annual recruitment to seedlings, enabling a population to persist as seeds after all above-ground plants have perished.
Relationship between Growth and Nitrogen Accumulation for Vegetative Cotton and Soybean Plants

Experiments were conducted to determine whether the nitrogen absorption function of the roots is directly related to the photosynthate supplying function of the leaves under steady-state conditions during vegetative growth phase of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) plants. A direct relationship between these two functions would imply a balanced interdependence and contradict the views that growth of all plant parts is dependent on carbohydrate supplied by the leaves and that nitrogen uptake is dependent only on existing root and soil characteristics. Plants were grown under both artificial light in CERs and natural light in air-conditioned greenhouses, at three thermoperiods, and with three levels of nutrient supply. The data show that RGRR and RARNP were not significantly different within thermoperiod or nutrient supply and agree with those obtained in a previous experiment with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) The results suggest that plant growth models should be based on the balanced interdependence of the nitrogen absorption and photosynthate supplying functions
Volatility Spillover and International Contagion of Housing Bubbles

This paper provides new empirical evidence on housing bubble timing, volatility spillover, and bubble contagion between Japan and its economic partners, namely, the United States, the Eurozone, and the United Kingdom. First, we apply a generalized sup ADF (GSADF) test to the quarterly price-to-rent ratio from 1970Q1 to 2018Q4 to detect explosive behaviors in housing prices. Second, we analyze the volatility spillover in housing prices between Japan and its economic partners using the multivariate time-varying DCC-GARCH model. Third, we assess bubble contagion by estimating a non-parametric model of bubble migration with time-varying coefficients. We document two historical bubble episodes from 1970 to 2018 in Japan’s housing market. Moreover, we find evidence of volatility spillover effects and bubble contagion between Japan’s real estate market and its most important economic partners during several periods. In this context of market integration, countries need to develop coordinated real estate policies to address the risk of global real estate bubbles.
Reproduction and Growth in a Neotropical Insectivorous Bat

Even though there is an abundance of data regarding the reproductive biology and postnatal growth of bats, comprehensive data on life history is still lacking for most species, particularly for rare families that have unique behavioral and ecological adaptations. In this study we provide a description of reproductive seasonality and length of reproductive activities such as gestation and lactation for Thyroptera tricolor, a small (3–4.5 g) Neotropical insectivorous bat and one of only four species in the family Thyropteridae. In addition, we also describe postnatal development, including growth rates and the onset of flight. Our results show that T. tricolor has long gestation (at least 3.5 months) and lactation (4 months) periods within a single annual reproductive event. Young are capable of sustained flight at two months of age, and attain adult forearm length at age 90 days and adult body mass at age 120 days. Offspring mortality was high, with 28% of young dying before age five months. Surviving young remained with their mother and natal group for at least one year. In addition, our field observations suggest that males attained sexual maturity earlier than females, at one year of age, while females became sexually active after their first year. These findings suggest that, among bats, T. tricolor may have an unusually slow life history, which could be attributed in part to its unique roosting ecology and social behavior.
River ecosystem response to bushfire disturbance: interaction with flow regulation

Summary Fires and river regulation are disturbances affecting many aquatic ecosystems worldwide. We examined the ecological response of rivers to the combined effects of regulation and fire. Changes in communities of benthic aquatic algae and macroinvertebrates were studied for 22 months following a wildfire through forested catchments in the Australian Capital Territory. In both the regulated (by dams) and the free-flowing rivers and streams, fire caused large changes to physical habitat for the benthic communities that overrode the effects of regulation. In unregulated streams, the benthic communities had largely recovered 22 months after the fire disturbance, but the regulated stream did not recover. It is not clear from the findings of this study if the benthic communities will recover from the fire disturbance without active restoration of stream habitat.
Changes in the Fatty Acids Composition, Especially Trans Isomers, and Heat Stability of Selected Frying Fats Available on the Polish Market in the Years 1997 and 2008

Changes in the Fatty Acids Composition, Especially Trans Isomers, and Heat Stability of Selected Frying Fats Available on the Polish Market in the Years 1997 and 2008 The aim of this work was to examine the fatty acids composition, especially trans isomers (TFA), and oxidative stability of frying fats available on the Polish market. The quality of 23 frying shortenings of Polish origin or imported, produced in the years 1997 and 2008, was estimated in the study. Their fatty acid composition was determined with the GC. The fats examined differed substantially in the content of TFA. Only about 33% of fats from 1997 and about 46% from 2008 contained very small contents of these acids (below 1%). Some of fats were characterised by a high concentration of TFA (about 50%), thus we could assume that these fats were based on raw materials modified by partial hydrogenation. A reduction of TFA content of the frying fats was noted from 1997 to 2008. It was found that an average TFA content in frying fats sold in Poland in 1997 was 21.4%, while in 2008 it was significantly lower and reached 12.2%. TFA had a positive, but PUFA a negative influence on induction period of fats.
Enterotoxigenic Profiles of Virulent Bacillus cereus Isolated from Dairy Environments: Antimicrobials Resistant Pattern and Sporicidal Disinfectants Efficacy

| The study was aimed to characterize Bacillus cereus using culture-based and PCR techniques among 390 samples including milk, dairy products, water and environmental specimens. Antimicrobial activities of disinfectants and bioactive peptides were performed using European Suspension Test and liquid-broth method. Overall of 29.5 and 67.4% among dairy and environmental samples were positive for B. cereus. The prevalence of B. cereus in household milk, rice milk, water and street vendor milk was 37.5, 36.4, 33.3, and 30%, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence in the rinse water, used bedding material, pasture grass and pasture soil were 38.5, 37.5, 37.5 and 33.3%, respectively. HblA, hblD, hblC were detected in 42.2, 26.7, 24.4% and the nheA, nheB, nheC occurred in 31.1, 33.3, 24.4%, respectively. B. cereus isolates showed resistance to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Penicillin, Cephalexin and Tetracycline with 68.9, 62.2, 62.2, 57.8, and 51.1%, respectively. Hyperox and CIDEX disinfectants have extremely rapid bactericidal activity at concentrations 2 and 2.4% after five minutes of exposure times under clean condition resulting in 10.3 and 9.7 log reductions, respectively. Adding organic substances results in a marked decline of the bactericidal activity for both disinfectants. CIDEX exhibited lower Sporicidal efficacy than Hyperox under clean conditions at various exposure times/temperatures. Under the dirty condition, Cidex showed similar or slightly higher sporicidal activity than Hyperox. At 4 hrs/ 20 & 40 oC under dirty conditions, 4.8, 5.6 and 4.6, 5.2 log reductions for CIDEX and Hyperox, respectively were observed. P-CWP and P-CCP showed effective antimicrobial action resulting in 10 and 8 log reductions at a concentration of 2 mg/ml, respectively against B. cereus. However, CCP and CWP exhibited little to moderate antimicrobial activity. The prevalence of Eneterotoxigenic virulent B. cereus and their drug resistance profiles diversity suggest that the examined dairy environments in villages of Sohag governorates, Egypt poses animal and public health threats.
Growth Characteristics Modeling of Mixed Culture of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network

Different culture conditions viz. additional carbon and nitrogen content, inoculum size and age, temperature and pH of the mixed culture of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Kinetic growth models were fitted for the cultivations using a Fractional Factorial (FF) design experiments for different variables. This novel concept of combining the optimization and modeling presented different optimal conditions for the mixture of B. bifidum and L. acidophilus growth from their one variable at-a-time (OVAT) optimization study. Through these statistical tools, the product yield (cell mass) of the mixture of B. bifidum and L. acidophilus was increased. Regression coefficients (R2) of both the statistical tools predicted that ANN was better than RSM and the regression equation was solved with the help of genetic algorithms (GA). The normalized percentage mean squared error obtained from the ANN and RSM models were 0.08 and 0.3%, respectively. The optimum conditions for the maximum biomass yield were at temperature 38°C, pH 6.5, inoculum volume 1.60 mL, inoculum age 30 h, carbon content 42.31% (w/v), and nitrogen content 14.20% (w/v). The results demonstrated a higher prediction accuracy of ANN compared to RSM.
Re-establishment of Drosera spiralis (Droseraceae), and a new circumscription of D. graminifolia

Drosera graminifolia and D. spiralis have long been considered conspecific, but new morphological and ecological data support the recognition of these taxa as distinct species. Both species are here described and illustrated, including observations on ecology, habitat, and conservation status, together with a distribution map, line drawings, photographs, and a table containing the distinctive characters.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) differentially influence neural precursor cells of mouse embryonic mesencephalon

Growth factors are key elements in the process of neural cell differentiation. We examined the effects of classical mitogens on neural precursor cells, by culturing mouse cells of the embryonic (13.5 days postcoitum) mesencephalon and treating them with epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐ β). Our initial results show that EGF, TGF‐α or bFGF, but not NGF or TGF‐β, induced general proliferation of the cultured cells, followed by formation of colonies. Combinations of these three growth factors suggest that most cells with the capacity to form colonies responded to EGF, TGF‐α, or bFGF. The number of colonies increased significantly when EGF, but not TGF‐α, was used in combination with bFGF. Furthermore, a population responding only to EGF + bFGF was detected in the dorsal mesencephalon. The colony‐forming activity of bFGF was dependent on insulin, but bFGF and insulin cooperation was indirect since we could not observe colony formation in subcultures of cells derived from colonies, even in the presence of insulin. Cells obtained from our colonies displayed neuronal and glial morphology and expressed markers of both neurons and astrocytes; nestin, a marker of neural precursor cells was also expressed in the majority of colonies. Growth factors also influenced neuronal maturation; the best neurite outgrowth was obtained from cells derived from bFGF‐induced colonies cultured in the presence of EGF + bFGF. These data indicate the existence of neural precursor cells in the embryonic mesencephalon that respond differentially to growth factors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On some Triassic cynodonts from Tanganyika

Summary 1 A collection of gomphodont cynodonts obtained from the Manda Beds (Middle Trias) of the Ruhuhu valley in Tanganyika has been prepared. Two new forms, Cricodon metabolus and Aleodon brachyrhamphus, have been described, the former from an imperfect skeleton and the latter from a skull. 2 The postcanine teeth of Trirachodon angustifrons Parrington have been shown to differ sufficiently from the South African species of that genus to merit transfer to a new genus Scalenodon. A growth series of this form consisting of nine upper jaws and six dentaries has been described together with some postcranial elements. 3 Two postcanine teeth in an isolated maxilla have been shown to resemble those of Gomphodontosuchus brasiliensis von Huene from the Rio do Rasto Series of Brazil, and similarly the postcanine teeth of Scalenodon angustifrons have been shown to resemble those of the Brazilian form Traversodon stahleckeri von Huene, also from the Rio do Rasto Series. It has been concluded that the Triassic cynodonts of the Ruhuhu valley compare more closely with those of the Brazilian Rio do Rasto Series than with those of South African deposits. 4 It has been shown that there is evidence that the incisors and canines of Scalenodon angustifrons are replaced at least twice and consequently the dental succession of this advanced cynodont cannot be considered as mammalian. The replacement of the incisors appears to be alternate or “distichic”. 5 It has been shown that the ninth upper postcanine teeth of Cricodon metabolus, which are of the shearing type, ere undergoing replacement by gomphodont teeth; that the ninth and tenth upper postcanines are apparently also being replaced in two specimens of Scalenodon angustifrons; and that the sixth upper postcanine of Diademodon sp. indet. is undergoing replacement. It is concluded that the use of the terms “premolar” and “molar” is unjustified in gomphodont cynodonts. No evidence has been found of replacement of posterior postcanine in any mandible. 6 The available evidence supports the conclusion of earlier workers that the localities from which the material was collected are of Middle Triassic age.