Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Long-Term Vagus Nerve Electrical Stimulation Therapy on Acute Cerebral Infarction and Neurological Function Recovery in Post MCAO Mice

Background Vagus nerve stimulation therapy is proven to produce neuroprotective effects against central nervous system diseases and reduce neurological injury, having a positive effect on the recovery of neurological functions in mouse model of stroke. Objective This study was aimed at exploring a wider time window for VNS treatment, investigating the long-term behavioral improvement of long-term VNS in mice after pMCAO, and exploring the antiapoptotic properties of VNS and its role in autophagy, all of which may be a permanent deficiency potential mechanism of neuroprotection in hemorrhagic stroke. Methods Permanent focal cerebral ischemia and implantation of vagus nerve stimulator were performed through intracavitary occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). The vagus nerve stimulation group received five times vagus nerve stimulation from 6 h after surgery for 5 days. Adhesive removal test and NSS neurological score were used to evaluate the neurological deficit of mice. TTC staining of mouse brain tissue was performed one week after surgery in order to assess the area of cerebral infarction. Additionally, frozen sections were stained with Fluoro-Jade B to observe the apoptotic cells in the ischemic penumbra of brain tissue. Finally, Western blot was used to detect the changes in the levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as cleaved-caspase3 and Bcl-2 and autophagy-related proteins such as mTOR, Beclin-1, and LC3-II in brain tissue. Results VNS can effectively reduce the behavioral score of pMCAO mice; TTC results showed that VNS could effectively reduce the infarct area after pMCAO (P < 0.05). After VNS intervention of the pMCAO group compared with the pMCAO+VNI group, the FJB-positive cells in the VNS group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); Western Blot analysis showed that the expression of cleaved-caspase3 in the brain tissue of mice increased after pMCAO (P < 0.05), and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased (P < 0.05). This change could be effectively reversed after VNS intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion VNS could effectively improve the behavioral performance of mice after permanent stroke in addition to significantly reducing the infarct size of the brain tissue. The mechanism may be related to the effective reduction of cell apoptosis and excessive autophagy after pMCAO by VNS.
'Policy traction' on social and emotional wellbeing: comparing the education systems of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

ABSTRACT This paper provides a ‘home international’ comparative analysis of education policy on social and emotional wellbeing, drawing on the case of the UK and its four distinct education systems of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have developed more holistic policy in this area, which stands in stark contrast to the disparate policies of England. These divergences in policy are likely to account for differences observed in the awareness, perceived value and ‘take up’ of policy by schools – what we refer to here as differences in ‘policy traction’ between the different systems of education. Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland had the highest rates of ‘policy traction’ compared to England where schools appeared adrift about policy in their jurisdiction. We consider these findings in light of challenges and opportunities for policy learning.
ASPM Promotes the Progression of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas by Regulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Background Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein (ASPM) is closely correlated with several malignant tumors, whereas little is known about the role of ASPM in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Herein, we sought to investigate whether ASPM is involved in the pathogenesis of ATC and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The data from two data sets (GSE76039 and GSE33630) were extracted and analyzed for the expression of ASPM, followed by a further validation in collected ATC patients using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The effect of ASPM on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle was explored in ATC cell lines by in vitro inhibition of ASPM, while ASPM-mediated tumorigenicity was investigated in a xenograft tumor model. The involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was also investigated. Results ASPM was overexpressed in ATC patients and cell lines. In vitro knockdown of ASPM inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of ATC cells and induced cell cycle arrest. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was suppressed in response to ASPM inhibition, while rescue of β-catenin expression restored the impaired biological functions of ATC cells. In vivo transplantation of ASPM-knockdown cells inhibited the growth of tumors. Conclusions Upregulation of ASPM promotes the malignant properties of ATC cells and contributes to tumorigenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Insights into the Anti-Aging Prevention and Diagnostic Medicine and Healthcare

Aging is an irreversible and natural phenomenon that occurs as a person ages. Anti-aging medicine applies advanced science and medical technology to early detection, prevention, treatment, and reversal of age-related dysfunctions, disorders, and diseases. Therefore, anti-aging diagnostic medicine and healthcare are important factors in helping the elderly population lead healthy and active lives. However, it is challenging to diagnose various aging and related diseases accurately through various forms of anti-aging diagnostic medicine and health management. It may not be treated appropriately, so many older people are making various efforts to prevent aging themselves in advance. Therefore, anti-aging medicine and health care have been developed in various forms, from health checkups to alternative medicine and biophysical technology beyond simple clinical medicine, and are being applied to demand the needs of the elderly. This review intends to explore and characterize various applications related to anti-aging medicine and healthcare in the elderly. In addition, economic, medical, and ethical considerations arising from the relationship between the increase in the elderly population and the continuous development of anti-aging medicine can be considered.
SOFT WALKING AREAS IN LOOSE HOUSING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY COWS

Lameness is a complex economic and welfare problem in dairy cattle which is directly linked to the flooring in loose housing systems. Mobility is the most important prerequisite for the smooth operation of such system. Foot lameness is due to several factors, but the permanent excessive strains on the sole combined with poor horn quality are key issues. In addition, slippery floors impede normal locomotion. This study was based on the working hypothesis that soft rubber mats improve claw health and slip resistance. The elastic rubber mats selected were installed in two freestall dairy houses: the experimental farm of the University of Hohenheim and a commercial farm. Animal behaviour and claw diagnosis were recorded, with biological and ethological parameters, in three steps: firstly, on concrete slatted floors, secondly, on slatted floors covered with rubber mats and thirdly again on concrete slatted floors. The results concerning animal behaviour and claw health confirmed the working hypothesis. Less slipping was detected on soft floors. Step length on the soft slatted floors was similar to that measured on pastures. Activity and walking speed increased on the soft floors, indicating that cows showed confidence on soft floors. Claw diagnosis, divided into 5 severities ranging from 1 (very slight) to 5 (very severe), was the most important parameter for the comparison between hard and soft floors. Claw health was significantly improved on soft slatted floors compared with the usual slatted floors. The experiment showed that soft floors favour the requirements for the correct functioning of the claw and unimpeded cow behaviour.
Importance of the Echocardiogram in COVID-19 Patients of High-Risk Admitted in ICU

Objectives: To describe cardiac function with echocardiography in COVID-19 patients of high-risk and to determine the influence of hypertension and diabetes in the presence of left ventricular dysfunction. To compare our poblation and results with others internationals reports. Methods and Results: In a prospective study, we captured the echocardiography findings in 75 consecutive confirmed COVID-19 patients of high-risk, admitted to the ICU between April and September 2021, at Doctors Hospital Health System, Bahamas. Clinical characteristics, kidney function, and ventilator support were analyzed like high-risk variables. Comparisons between groups of patients with abnormal (Group 1) and normal (Group 2) echocardiogram were made using Chi-Square test (P<0.05). A total of 75 patients with an average age of 55 years (25 to 90) were included, 39 p. (52%) male and 36 p. (48%) female. History of arterial hypertension in 60 p. (80%), diabetes 28 p. (37%), abnormal kidney function 33 p. (44%), ventilatory support in 39 p. (52%). Overall, we did an echocardiogram and 45/75 p. (60%) had an abnormal echocardiogram. Left Ventricular systolic dysfunction in 33/45 p. (73%), moderate to severe was reported in 18/33 p. (54%). Right Ventricular systolic dysfunction in 12/45 p. (27%), moderate to severe in 7/12 p. (58%). Bi ventricular severe systolic dysfunction in 8/45 p. (18%). Patients with evidence of new myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 3/45 p. (4%), 2 patients received coronary stent and no mortality and 1 p. normal coronary angiogram. We compare clinical characteristic of patients with abnormal echocardiogram (Group 1) and normal echocardiogram (Group 2). Group 1, abnormal echocardiogram, had a higher percentage of hypertensive patients (29 p., 65% vs. 11 p., 36%), diabetic patients (28 p., 62% vs. 10 p., 33%) and patients with both risk factors (28 p., 62% vs. 10 p. 33%), alterations in renal function (33 p., 73% vs. 10 p., 33%) and ventilatory support (29 p., 64% vs. 10 p., 33%) than normal echocardiogram group. Differences were statistically significant (CI 95 %: 0,1 % to 1,4 %; P<0.05). Conclusion: In this research in the Bahamas, left and right ventricular dysfunction were observed in more than half of all high-risk COVID-19 patients admitted at ICU undergoing echocardiography. This ventricular dysfunction has strong relation with arterial hypertension, diabetes, abnormal kidney function and ventilatory support. Citation: Bonimy C, Smith F, Davis R, Iferenta J, Antonio-Collie S, et al. (2022) Importance of the Echocardiogram in COVID-19 Patients of High-Risk Admitted in ICU. Ann Case Report 7: 794. DOI: 10.29011/2574-7754.100794 2 Volume 7; Issue 02 Ann Case Rep, an open access journal ISSN: 2574-7754
Knowledge on Pre-conception Care among Reproductive Age Women

Background: Preconception care is the provision of biomedical, behavioral and social health interventions to women and couples before conception occurs. It aims at improving their health status, and reducing behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to poor maternal and child health outcomes. Therefore, the study was to assess the knowledge on preconception care among reproductive age women. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 150 reproductive age group women attending the OPD in Manmohan Memorial Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. The sample was selected by non-probability/purposive sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data using interview technique. Data was analyzed via SPSS software version 16. Mean, median and standard deviation was used for analysis of data. Results: The finding showed that 31.3% had adequate knowledge, while 68.7% of the respondents had moderate knowledge about preconception care. Only 40.7% of the respondents knew that folic acid should be started when female discovers that she is pregnant, 36.7% of the respondents knew that folic acid should be started 3 months before conception. While only 24% respondents knew that folic acid is effective in reducing the risk of birth defects. significant association between level of knowledge on preconception care and family income and whereas there was no significant association between the level of knowledge and the age, ethnic group, education level, religion, residence, occupation, type of family, marital status. Conclusions: This study concludes that there was moderate knowledge on preconception care among reproductive age women. Hence, there should be proper counseling and more educational intervention to upgrade the knowledge level of women of reproductive age.
The effects of spasticity on glucose metabolism and soft tissue body composition in patients with spinal cord injury

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the effects of spasticity on glucose metabolism and percentage of fat-free mass (FFM%) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Patients and methods A total of 33 patients (22 males, 11 females; mean age: 38.6±12.5 years; range, 20 to 64 years) with SCI defined by the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale Grades A to D were included between September 2014 and May 2018. We assessed spasticity with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and evaluated spasms with the Penn Spasm Frequency Scale (PSFS). We assessed the glucose metabolism by calculating the Matsuda and HOMA-IR index, and measured FFM% by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Fourteen patients had motor complete, and 19 had motor incomplete SCI. The neurological injury levels of the patients were C4-T12. There was a positive correlation between hip adductor muscle MAS and trunk, android, and gynoid FFM% and between hip extensor muscle MAS and android FFM% in patients with motor complete SCI. Hip extensor and knee flexor muscle MAS showed a negative correlation with the HOMA-IR. Hip adductor and extensor muscle MAS, as well as knee flexor and extensor muscle MAS, had a positive correlation with the Matsuda index in these patients. There was a positive correlation between knee extensor muscle MAS and gynoid FFM% and between PSFS and arms, trunk, gynoid, and total FFM% in patients with motor incomplete SCI. There was a negative correlation between hip adductor and extensor muscle MAS, PSFS, and level of fasting glucose in these patients. Conclusion This study supports the notion that spasticity has positive effects on the FFM% and glucose metabolism in patients with motor complete and incomplete SCI.
Effect of Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets on Pregnancy Outcome and Offspring Development Quotient of SCH during Pregnancy

Objective To investigate the effect of levothyroxine sodium tablets (L-T4) on pregnancy outcome and offspring development quotient in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) during pregnancy. Material and Methods. Pregnant women with gestational age less than 12 weeks who underwent the first prenatal examination in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were prospectively selected as subjects. According to the level of thyroid hormone in pregnant women, they were divided into the treatment group (n = 63) and received L-T4 treatment, untreated group (n = 64), and control group (n = 54). Three groups of pregnancy outcomes, children's physical development, and the development of offspring were compared at when one full year of life. Results After treatment, the contrast difference of the three groups about abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The abortion rate and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the untreated group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The contrast difference of the treatment group and control group about abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not statistically significant (P > 0.05); The contrast difference of the three groups about a filial generation at birth and one-year-old body length is not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The contrast difference between the three groups of individual children who are one-year old having the individual action energy, material ability, speech ability, and human ability is statistically significant (P < 0.05). One-year-old developmental quotient (DQ) of the treatment group and control group was higher than that of the untreated group (P < 0.05); the Pearson correlation analysis showed that the treatment group TSH levels have no correlation between the offspring developmental quotient (DQ) level of one-year-old children (P > 0.05). Conclusion Levothyroxine sodium tablets (L-T4) can not only improve the pregnancy outcome of patients with SCH during pregnancy but also play a positive role in improving the neurointellectual development of their offspring.
Safety and Efficacy of the Common Vaccines against COVID-19

The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed a challenge on human health worldwide, and vaccination represents a vital strategy to control the pandemic. To date, multiple COVID-19 vaccines have been granted emergency use authorization, including inactivated vaccines, adenovirus-vectored vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. These vaccines have different technical principles, which will necessarily lead to differences in safety and efficacy. Therefore, we aim to implement a systematic review by synthesizing clinical experimental data combined with mass vaccination data and conducting a synthesis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Compared with other vaccines, adverse reactions after vaccination with inactivated vaccines are relatively low. The efficacy of inactivated vaccines is approximately 60%, adenovirus-vectored vaccines are 65%, and mRNA vaccines are 90%, which are always efficient against asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, symptomatic COVID-19, COVID-19 hospitalization, severe or critical hospitalization, and death. RNA-based vaccines have a number of advantages and are one of the most promising vaccines identified to date and are particularly important during a pandemic. However, further improvements are required. In time, all the antibody levels weaken gradually, so a booster dose is needed to maintain immunity. Compared with homologous prime-boost immunization, heterologous prime-boost immunization prompts more robust humoral and cellular immune responses.
Determinants of Covid-19 Vaccination Uptake Among the Elderly in Jagakarsa Sub-District, South-Jakarta

Background: COVID-19 is considered to be responsible for the emergence of a new dangerous outbreak. Therefore, it is expected that the interest in receiving vaccines will be very high. However, the lowest vaccination uptake rate comes from the elderly population. Objective: To investigate determinants of COVID-19 vaccination uptake among the elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional design study. This research was conducted in Jagakarsa Sub-district from March to July 2021 with an online interview. The sample size was 393 from the total population study of 21,903. The sampling method was purposive sampling with independent variables namely gender, education level, knowledge, attitudes, government policy, health worker’s recommendations, family support, access to COVID-19 vaccination service facilities, perceptions of COVID-19, and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines. The dependent variable was COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Sample inclusion criteria included the elderly aged ≥ 60 years old and who lived in the Jagakarsa Sub-district. The exclusion criteria were those who were not willing to be respondents. This study conducted a univariate analysis to determine the frequency distribution of variables. Bivariate data analysis that was used were Chi-Square and multivariate data analysis with multiple logistic regression (α=0.05). Results: The results of the bivariate analysis showed that education, knowledge, perceptions of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines, attitudes, government policies, access to COVID-19 vaccination service facilities, health worker’s recommendations, and family support had a significant relationship with COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the most associated factor was the perception of COVID-19 vaccine with AOR= 9,928 (95% CI: 5,386-18,302). Conclusion: Respondents had a high acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, whereas most of the respondents were worried about the side effects at the same time. As our findings suggest, informing the elderly about forthcoming vaccines would help to build their trust in the COVID-19 vaccines.
INSPIRE State of Play: generic approach to assess the status of NSDIs

The European Commission launched the INSPIRE initiative in 2001. With this initiative the European Union wanted to contribute to developing a European SDI. The aim of this infrastructure is to allow public sector users at the European, national and sub-national level, to easily share spatial data from a wide range of sources in an interoperable way so as to execute a variety of public tasks. In order to have a common legal basis throughout Europe, in 2004 the European Commission drafted a proposal for a Directive of: “Establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the Community (INSPIRE)”. After intensive discussions between the Commission, the Parliament and the Council, the final directive was adopted on 25 April 2007. From the very beginning it was recognised that INSPIRE should build upon the existing components of the emerging SDIs at a national and sub-national level. To have a better view on the status and development of these SDIs, in 2002 the Commission launched a study known as INSPIRE State of Play. The study collected information on 32 National SDIs in Europe according to the components as described Chapter 8. INSPIRE State of Play: Generic approach to assess the status of NSDIs 146 in the GSDI cookbook. A list of 30 indicators was established to assess the SDIs at organisational, legal, funding and technical level. From this perspective, the State of Play follows a generic approach. While most of the indicators are not quantitative, they allow to ‘measure’ the ‘distance-to-target’, that is the degree of development as compared to the ‘ideal’ situation described in the GSDI cookbook. On the other hand, some indicators are not meant to measure, but rather classify the SDIs according to the organisational approach. Between 2002 and 2006, the State of Play was repeated to make an assessment of the European situation over time. In 2006, the approach was reviewed in light of the INSPIRE Directive. This chapter focuses on the methodology elaborated in 2002 and applied up until 2006. It discusses how the results can be read and used and gives the most important conclusions from the assessment itself. This chapter also outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the approach, and compared with other approaches. Finally, this chapter presents ideas to enhance the methodology in order to improve the assessment of SDIs at the European level.