Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATP Synthesis Driven by α-Keto Acid-stimulated Alternative Oxidase in Pea Leaf Mitochondria

The electrical potential difference (A ¥) generation and ATP synthesis due to a-keto acid-stimulated alternative oxidase activity in pea leaf mitochondria, energized by malate plus glutamate, was studied. In the absence of a-keto acids, zl! Fwas ca. 60% collapsed by KCN or antimycin A (AA), while the remaining part (ca. 30%) was dissipated by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). The presence of a-keto acids (pyruvate or iodoacetate), known to stimulate the alternative oxidase, caused a decrease in the KCN- or AA-sensitive component of A'F(ca. 30%), which was accompanied by an increase in the SHAM-sensitive one. When mitochondria were energized by exogenous NADH, succinate or duroquinol, AY was completely collapsed by KCN or AA, either in the presence or absence of a-keto acids. ADP partially collapsed the SHAM-sensitive component of AT, and oligomycin restored this dissipation. In the presence of pyruvate or iodoacetate, ATP content in KCN-treated mitochondria was ca. 40% of control, while that in SHAM plus KCN-inhibited mitochondria was negligible. AOP stimulated oxygen uptake only in the presence of KCN (respiratory control ratio = 1.7), but not in the presence of KCN plus SHAM. It is concluded that a-keto acids, stimulating the oxidation of NAD-linked substrates through the alternative oxidase, lead to an increase in the SHAM-sensitive component of zliPvia complex I, thus increasing the contribution of this pathway to ATP synthesis when the cytochrome oxidase is restricted.
Adjuvants Influenced Saflufenacil Efficacy on Fall-Emerging Weeds

Abstract Saflufenacil is a new herbicide being developed for preplant burndown and PRE broadleaf weed control in field crops, including corn, soybean, sorghum, and wheat. Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 at Concord, in northeast Nebraska, with the objective to describe dose–response curves of saflufenacil applied with several adjuvants for broadleaf weed control. Dose–response curves based on log-logistic model were used to determine the effective dose that provides 90% weed control (ED90) values for six broadleaf weeds (field bindweed, prickly lettuce, henbit, shepherd's-purse, dandelion, and field pennycress). Addition of adjuvants greatly improved efficacy of saflufenacil. For example, the ED90 values for field bindweed control at 28 d after treatment were 71, 20, 11, and 7 g/ha for saflufenacil applied alone, or with nonionic surfactant (NIS), crop oil concentrate (COC), or methylated seed oil (MSO), respectively. MSO was the adjuvant that provided the greatest enhancement of saflufenacil across all species tested. COC was the second-best adjuvant and provided control similar to MSO on many weed species. NIS provided the least enhancement of saflufenacil. These results are very similar to the proposed label dose of saflufenacil for burndown weed control, which will range from 25 to 100 g/ha with MSO or COC. We believe that such a dose would provide excellent burndown control of most broadleaf weed species that emerge in the fall in Nebraska. Nomenclature: Saflufenacil; dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber; field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. ; field pennycress, Thlaspi arvense L. ; henbit, Lamium amplexicaule L. ; prickly lettuce, Lactuca serriola L. ; shepherd's-purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. ; corn, Zea mays L. ; sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; soybean, Glycine max L. ; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Cost of Equity: Literature Review and Suggestions for Future Research

Listed companies have become increasingly aware not only of the importance of being socially responsible but also about reporting their initiatives in this field. Existing research has investigated many of the impacts of the sustainable profile of companies on a wide range of financial dimensions. The link between the cost of equity and sustainability is extremely timely as it can have great potential in reinforcing good practices regarding sustainable engagement amongst listed companies, which can also be regarded as trendsetters by other types of companies and institutions. This paper presents a thorough literature review of 22 articles focused on the link between sustainability and the cost of capital. The main contribution of this study is the broad scope of the literature review not only regarding the number of papers revised but also the provided details and their systematisation, such that future researchers in the field can easily identify the references regarding, for instance, different theoretical approaches. The methodologies that have been used to test the hypotheses as well as how the cost of equity is proxied by the different authors is presented together with the independent variables for measuring the sustainable profile of companies as well as the control variables. Our literature review also pays special attention to the different regional settings where research has examined the link between the cost of equity and sustainability and presents new ideas for studies in the field in order to open up future avenues for research.
Neighbour Effects Between Maize and Cowpea at Various Levels of N and P

SUMMARY Maize and cowpea were grown in mixed and pure stands, using the same overall density in all plots. Four fertilizer treatments N0P0, N1P0, N0P1 and N1P1 were imposed in experiments carried out during the early growing seasons of 1976 and 1977 at Ibadan in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. There was no competition between the crops for nitrogen or phosphorus and yields in mixtures were significantly higher than the means of the species monocultures, as shown by relative yield total (RYT) and C (complementation) values.
Effect of Presence of Fungicide on Growth Parameters of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings

In modern agriculture practices, fungicides are most commonly used for protection of seeds from various fungal diseases. The use of fungicide whether beneficial or detrimental for growth of crop is an issue since long time. So the present study was aimed at evaluation of effect of commonly used fungicide Carbendazim on various growth parameters of wheat seedlings. The parameters studied were germination percentage, root length, shoot length, vigor index, fresh weight, dry weight and viability percentage. Five different concentrations of fungicide were used including recommended dose of fungicide. At all the studied concentrations there was increase in germination percentage, root length, shoot length, vigor index, fresh weight and viability percentage and decrease in dry weight. Maximum increase in germination percentage (25%), root length (82.98%) and shoot length (47.25%) occurred at 1500 mg/l concentration of fungicide. The vigor index reached its maximum increase (109.95%) at 2000 mg/l concentration of fungicide. In fresh weight and dry weight maximum increase (74.62%) and maximum decrease (-7.14%) occurred at 2500 mg/l concentration of fungicide respectively. Maximum increase in viability percentage (40%) was found at 500 mg/l concentration of fungicide. It was concluded from the present study that there was increase in the water retention capacity of seedlings in presence of fungicide at recommended dose but dose higher than recommended could be proved harmful for the growth of seedlings.
Analysis relationship and mapping of the environmental factors with the existence of mosquito larva Aedes aegypti in the endemic area of dengue fever, Makassar, Indonesia

Dengue fever is one of the dangerous diseases that can lead to a death in a short time and often lead to outbreaks. It is one of the major public health problems in Indonesia. Dengue is transmitted to humans by the bite of the female Aedes mosquito infected with dengue virus. The main transmission vector was Aedes aegypti mosquito that is able to proliferate well in many places water shelter. This study aims to determine the relationship and create an environmental mapping with the presence of the Aedes aegypti larvae in endemic regions of Makassar. The type of research is analytic survey with a cross-sectional design that conducted by observing the container as a breeding Aedes aegypti site in 200 homes of 5 endemic sub regencies. Sampling technique is done by proportional random sampling. The results showed that there was a relationship between the presence of humidity by the larvae of Aedes aegypti (p value: 0.027). Whereas no relationship between the temperature and pH to the existence of Aedes aegypti larvae (p value; 0, 345 and .514). To sum up, based on the mapping, it was found that the highest level of larvae was in Tamalanrea sub district. It is suggested to the community to reduce the potential breeding sites mainly water containers that used daily
Tratamento e valorização agrícola da casca de ovo

Este trabalho tem como objectivo avaliar a possibilidade de utilizacao da casca de ovo como correctivo alcalinizante, atraves de ensaios em vasos, bem como estudar o efeito da adicao de quantidades significativas deste material (20 a 33% m m-1) quer no desenvolvimento do processo de compostagem, quer na qualidade dos compostos obtidos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a aplicacao de casca de ovo, com granulometria inferior a 2 mm, ao solo tem um efeito semelhante ao da aplicacao de calcario agricola, apenas o custo associado ao seu tratamento termico inviabiliza a sua aplicacao. Nos estudos de compostagem, a casca de ovo (material inorgânico) foi combinada com outros materiais com elevada percentagem de materia orgânica (aparas de relva, estrume de cavalo e estrume de galinha). O desempenho do processo nao foi significativamente afectado pela casca de ovo, mesmo quando esta constituiu cerca de 30% do volume das pilhas, tendo sido sempre atingida a fase termofilica. Os compostos obtidos apresentaram propriedades adequadas para serem aplicados ao solo.
Vivo Detection of Malignant Thymic Masses by lium-11 1-DTPA-D-Phe1-Octreotide Scintigranhy In Indium

Secondo Lastoria, Emilia Vergara, Giovannella Palmieri, Wanda Acampa, Paola Varrella, Corradina CaracÃ2, Raffaele A. Bianco, Pietro Muto and Marco Salvatore Department of Nuclear Medicine National Cancer Institute, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples; Center for Nuclear Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples; and Department of Molecular and Clinical Oncology and Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
White‐tailed deer age ratios as herd management and predator impact measures in pennsylvania

A review of the Pennsylvania Game Commission's (PGC) deer management program and public concern about predator impacts on deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations compelled the PGC to investigate the role of age ratios in developing management recommendations. Age ratios, such as proportion of juveniles in the antlerless harvest, may provide an index to population productivity and predator impacts. We estimated proportion of juveniles in the antlerless harvest from hunter-killed deer, population trends using the Pennsylvania (USA) sex–age–kill model, and reproduction from road-killed females. Using these estimates and a simulation model, we concluded that no single age-ratio value would serve as a reliable measure of population status. Wildlife Management Unit-specific trends in proportion of juveniles in the antlerless harvest and population trends provided the most relevant management information. We also provide an example decision chart to guide management actions in response to declining age ratios in the harvest. Although predator management activities and juvenile survival studies are often desired by the public, our decision-chart example indicated a number of deer management options exist before investing resources in predator management activities and juvenile survival studies. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Inferring predation intensity in the marine fossil record

Abstract Accurate estimates of predation intensity, the frequency of mortality from predation, are critical to studies of the evolution of species in response to predation, and to studies of predator-prey systems in general. Most commonly used indirect proxies for predation intensity in the fossil record have logistical or theoretical problems. Direct proxies, using actual traces of predatory activity, such as drilling and repair scars, may hold more promise. However, these direct proxies often have been used in conjunction with optimal foraging models, and in this context, the underlying assumptions and predictions of optimal foraging are examined. Results from theoretical models using optimal foraging suggest that (1) the ratio of internal shell volume to shell thickness of prey (benefit/cost ratio) may be a questionable measurement of prey “value” to the predator, as it fails to account adequately for energetic cost to the predator during pursuit and grappling; (2) drilling and repair frequency are invalid measures of prey preference, because optimal foraging predicts that specific prey types are either always taken or always ignored; (3) pooled drilling frequency will not be a useful metric of predation intensity in systems in which the predator need not always drill; and (4) an increase in repair frequency can be a consequence of either an increase or a decrease in predation intensity. Although drilling frequency may not indicate prey preference, it is a valid proxy for selection due to predation. An approach using size classes, in which the minimum size at which a predation refuge is achieved, is suggested for use with repair frequency.
Estrous synchronization with used CIDR-G devices in ewes during non-breeding season.

Summary The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of used controlled internal drug release devices (CIDR-G) on estrous synchronization in ewes. This investigation was conducted in 58 fat-tailed ewes during the non-breeding season. Ewes were divided in to four groups. In Group I, CIDR-G devices were inserted to vagina for 12 d (CIDR group). In Group II, previously used CIDR-G devices were inserted into the vagina for 12 d (U-CIDR). After the intravaginal devices had been removed 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) into ewes of the CIDR and U-CIDR groups. Ewes in Group III (eCG group), 500 IU eCG was injected im. Ewes in Group IV, served as control and received an injection of 3 mL 0.9% NaCl (C Group). None of the control ewes expressed estrus. It was found that, 13/15 (86.67%), 10/15 (66.67%) and 1/13 (7.69%) ewes expressed estrus in CIDR, U-CIDR and eCG groups, respectively. The pregnancy rates in the CIDR, U-CIDR and eCG groups were 8/15 (53.33%), 9/15 (60%) and 1/13 (7.69%) at first breeding, respectively. The interval from eCG application to onset of estrus was 42.6±1.01, 40.13±1.35 and 74 h in the CIDR, U-CIDR and eCG groups, respectively. Average progesterone (P4) levels during P4 treatment were 3.28±0.28 and 2.62±0.14 ng/ml in the CIDR and U-CIDR groups, respectively. It is concluded that, CIDR-G that have been previously used for 12 d could be used for the synchroniation of estrus in ewes during non-breeding season.
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THREE SPECIES OF SIDA

Plants and plant based products are bases of many modern pharmaceuticals that are currently in use today for various diseases. Several species of Sida commonly known as Bala, are known to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective activity. The root infusion is given in nervous and urinary diseases and also in disorders of blood. The present study was undertaken to analyse the various active phytochemical constituents and to study detailed anatomical features of three species of Sida (family:Malvaceae) i.e., S. acuta, S. rhombifolia and S. cordifolia. A qualitative analysis was performed for detection of alkaloids, anthraquinone derivatives, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids and flavanoids. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) was used for quantitative analysis of vasicine and vasicinone. Anatomical features of various plant parts were found useful for correct easy identification of commercial drug for ensuring purity while quantitative analysis helped in identifying the elite genotypes of the three species of Sida present in the area of present study.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF DATURA STRAMONIUM ON SOME ORAL PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS

Datura stramonium was examined for its antimicrobial activity on some oral pathogens using methanol, chloroform, acetone and water as extractants. The organisms used were Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The phytochemical properties of the plant revealed the prese nce of glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids and tannins. The crude extract exerted different inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans at 2000 µg/ml, 3000 µg/ml, 4000µg/ml and 5000µg/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were 60mg/ml and 100mg/ml and fungicidal concentration (MFC) was 60mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were 40mg/ml, 60mg/ml and 80mg/ml respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the plant showed that Streptococcus mutans was susceptible to the leaf extract of acetone at 4000µg/ml and 5000µg/ml while chloroform were susceptible to both the leaf and seed extracts in all the concentrations used. Candida albicanswas susceptible to methanol seeds and aqueous leaf extract in all concentrations while the chloroform leaf extract was also active at 3000µg/ml to 5000µg/ml for the leaf extract. This signifies that the methanol seed and aqueous leaf extract are highly active against Candida albicans. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) results confirmed the presence of fractions of different R f values ranging from 0.38-0.65. It can be deduced that the leaf and seed extract of Datura stramonium possess more than one active component. The fractionated chromatograph of all the extrac ts of both leaf and seed of Datura stramonium had no antimicrobial activity on the test organisms.
Outreach and Partnership Programs for Conservation Education Where Endangered Species Conservation and Research Occur

In almost any region of the world facing conservation issues, a key challenge is to capture the imagination and interest of local people in a way that stimulates cooperation and conservation action. As conservation biologists, how can we cultivate ecological and conservation literacy in communities adjacent to threatened and endangered species and their habitats? How can we bring local people into the conservation fold and keep them involved? As a first step in answering these questions, scientists have been encouraged during the last 5 years by the efforts of funding organizations, governments, and policymakers to forge “outreach and research partnerships” with local communities through school and informal citizen science programs, particularly where longterm monitoring programs are planned or underway. Outreach and partnership programs typically focus on taking scientific information out of the ivory tower and onto the streets, but the scope of the programs can differ markedly. Outreach programs tend to connect scientists with an audience in a fairly unidirectional way: scientific knowledge is transmitted through venues such as seminars, discussions, or workshops. By comparison, partnerships represent multidirectional sharing of information and perspectives. By definition (McKechnie 1976), a partnership gives participants a more-or-less equivalent share or stake in something with others; everyone makes contributions and shares in decision-making, risks, and benefits. Effective outreach and partnership programs would (1) increase the knowledge base of participants and their ability to use scientific approaches to understanding conservation issues; (2) collect long-term ecological data by capturing the interest and enlisting the assistance of local communities in general and students and their teachers in particular; and (3 ) facilitate opportunities for constructive dialog between scientific researchers and communities located within or adjacent to ecosystems being studied, which builds a more fruitful foundation for the development of environmental policies and conservation plans. Philosophically, there are compelling reasons for conservation biologists to work more closely with residents of local communities. Through field-based research outreach and partnership programs, participants learn firsthand what scientists do, how they do it, and why they do it. Furthermore, by working with local communities, scientists can learn how local residents relate to the threatened species and habitats they study. Well-designed programs can foster understanding of the ecology of local ecosystems and encourage participants to become more engaged in conservation efforts close to home.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Black Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

생마늘, 찐마늘(100oC, 20분) 및 흑마늘의 이화학적 특성을 비교한 결과 적색도는 흑마늘에서 2. 86으로 월등히 높은 값이었고, 명도와 황색도는 흑마늘에서 각각 22.52±0. 17과 3.19±0. 68로 가장 낮았다. 일반성분 중 조지방, 조단백 및 총당은 흑마늘＞찐마늘＞생마늘의 순으로 높았고, 수분의 함량은 흑마늘에서 58.20±0.39%로 이와 상반된 결과를 나타내었다. pH는 생마늘에서 6.84±0. 01이었으나 찐마늘은 6.54±0.02, 흑마늘은 4.36±0. 06으로 점차 산성화 되는 경향이었다. 생마늘의 total pyruvate 함량은 188.47±3.03 μ㏖/g이었으며 찐마늘과 흑마늘은 각각 77.03±0.97 μ㏖/g과 277.85±2.57 μ㏖/g이었다. Total thiosulfate의 함량은 찐마늘에서 가장 낮았으며, 다음으로 생마늘 및 흑마늘 순이었다. 유리당 중 arabinose와 galactose는 흑마늘에서 각각 1.62±0.30 ㎎/100 g과 13.11±1.73 ㎎/100 g이었으며, 생마늘에서는 glucose, 찐마늘에서는 sucrose, 흑마늘에서는 fructose의 함량이 가장 높았다. 무기물은 칼륨의 함량이 다른 무기물에 비하여 월등히 그 함량이 높아 전체 무기물 함량의 약 76%를 차지하였다. 구성아미노산은 모든 시료에서 glutamic acid, arginine 및 aspartic acid의 함량이 다른 아미노산에 비해 월등히 높았으며, ammonia를 제외한 모든 아미노산이 생마늘에 비해 흑마늘에서 높게 정량되었다. 유리아미노산은 생마늘과 찐마늘에서는 총 15종이 검출되었으나 흑마늘에서는 taurine, L-aspartic acid, glycine, L-α-aminoiso-n-butyric acid 및 γ-amino-n-butyric acid를 포함한 총 5종의 아미노산과 urea 및 O-phosphoethanolamine이 더 검출되었다.
Pengaruh Suasana Keagamaan dan Kegiatan Rohis Nurul Aulad Terhadap Perilaku Siswa SMA Negeri 2 Samarinda

Suasana keagamaan memiliki peran dalam meningkatkan perilaku baik siswa. Begitu pula dengan kegiatan Rohis yang diadakan di sekolah sebagai bentuk pembiasaan pada diri sendiri. Adanya suasana keagamaan tanpa kegiatan Rohis, maka perilaku siswa tidak akan menjadi budaya yang dapat diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Begitu sebaliknya, adanya kegiatan Rohis tanpa suasana keagamaan, maka perilaku siswa hanya akan menjadi pembiasaan tanpa penghayatan dan transinternalisasi nilai-nilai agama atau moral dalam diri. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidak adanya pengaruh suasana keagamaan terhadap perilaku siswa, ada atau tidak adanya pengaruh kegiatan Rohis Nurul Aulad terhadap perilaku siswa, dan ada atau tidak adanya pengaruh suasana keagamaan dan kegiatan Rohis Nurul Aulad secara bersama-sama terhadap perilaku siswa di SMA Negeri 2 Samarinda. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan oleh peneliti yaitu regresi linear ganda. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh siswa yang beragama Islam di SMA Negeri 2 Samarinda yang berjumlah 970 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah teknik probability sampling dengan fokus pengambilan sampel pada teknik proportionate stratified random sampling menggunakan rumus Slovin sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 91 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai yaitu 0,623 dengan intensitas kuat dan nilai = 27,895 = 3,10 sehingga H a yang menyatakan bahwa adanya pengaruh suasana keagamaan dan kegiatan Rohis Nurul Aulad secara bersama-sama terhadap perilaku siswa dapat diterima.