Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Baroclinic instability of three-layer flows Part 2. Experiments with eddies

The stability of eddies with three-layer stratification is examined experimentally. When the difference in density between the upper two layers is much greater (or less) than that between the lower two layers baroclinic instability on two different lengthscales (the Rossby radii associated with the upper and the lower interfaces) is possible. The vortices are created using modifications of two techniques described by Griffiths & Linden (1981) in their study of two-layer eddies. ‘Constant-flux’ eddies are generated by the release of a constant flux of buoyant fluid from a small source positioned at the surface of a two-layer fluid. In a second variation of this experiment, the source is positioned at the interface between two layers and fluid of intermediate density is injected. As the horizontal lengthscale increases, the vortices evolve from a stable to an unstable state. It is showns that the size at which the vortices become unstable may be significantly altered by the presence of a second interface. The results agree qualitatively with the conclusions of a linear stability analysis of quasi-geostrophic three-layer flow in a channel (Smeed 1988), but it is necessary to examine the effects of horizontal shear and Ekman dissipation to explain the experimental results. ‘Constant-volume’ eddies are produced by the release of a volume of buoyant fluid, initially contained within a cylindrical barrier, at the surface of a two-layer fluid. After the barrier is removed, the buoyant fluid spreads a distance of the order of the Rossby radius. Similarly, vortices are created by releasing a volume of fluid of density intermediate between the initial two layers. Within a few rotation periods the vortices become unstable to disturbances similar to those observed in two-layer experiments. Qualitative agreement is found between the observed wavelength and the fastest growing mode predicted by the linear stability theory (Smeed 1988). When the disturbances reach large amplitude a change in lengthscale is often observed.
Design trades for Rotman lenses

The foundation of a satisfactory Rotman lens design is geometric. The effects of seven design parameters (focal angle, focal ratio, beam angle ratio, maximum beam angle, beam port curve ellipticity, array element spacing, and focal length/ lambda ) on the shape, and on the geometric phase and amplitude errors of a Rotman lens are described. The advantage of beam port shaping to reduce phase error, and of pointing port horns at the opposite apex (instead of normal to the curve) to reduce off-axis beam amplitude asymmetries, are shown numerically. A design procedure for selecting these parameters is given, and a calculation of lens gain is presented. >
On the behavior of multiple comparison procedures in complex parametric designs

The framework for simultaneous inference by Hothorn, Bretz, and Westfall (2008) allows for a unified treatment of multiple comparisons in general parametric models where the study questions are specified as linear combinations of elemental model parameters. However, due to the asymptotic nature of the reference distribution the procedure controls the error rate across all comparisons only for sufficiently large samples. This thesis evaluates the small samples properties of simultaneous inference in complex parametric designs. These designs are necessary to address questions from applied research and include nonstandard parametric models or data in which the assumptions of classical procedures for multiple comparisons are not met. This thesis first treats multiple comparisons of samples with heterogeneous variances. Usage of a heteroscedastic consistent covariance estimation prevents an increase in the probability of false positive findings for reasonable sample sizes whereas the classical procedures show liberal or conservative behavior which persists even with increasing sample size. The focus of the second part are multiple comparisons in survival models. Multiple comparisons to a control can be performed in correlated survival data modeled by a frailty Cox model under control of the familywise error rate in sample sizes applicable for clinical trials. As a further application, multiple comparisons in survival models can be performed to investigate trends. The procedure achieves good power to detect different dose-response shapes and controls the error probability to falsely detect any trend. The third part addresses multiple comparisons in semiparametric mixed models. Simultaneous inference in the linear mixed model representation of these models yields an approach for multiple comparisons of curves of arbitrary shape. The sections on which curves differ can also be identified. For reasonably large samples the overall error rate to detect any non-existent difference is controlled. An extension allows for multiple comparisons of areas under the curve. However the resulting procedure achieves an overall error control only for sample sizes considerably larger than available in studies in which multiple AUC comparisons are usually performed. The usage of the evaluated procedures is illustrated by examples from applied research including comparisons of fatty acid contents between Bacillus simplex lineages, comparisons of experimental drugs with a control for prolongation in survival of chronic myelogeneous leukemia patients, and comparisons of curves describing a morphological structure along the spinal cord between variants of the EphA4 gene in mice.
Saturnian satellite observations made in Brazil during the 1995 opposition with an astrometric analysis

This paper provides an analysis of astrometric measurements of the main Saturnian satellites made thanks to CCD observations performed in 1995 at the Laborat orio Nacional de Astrof isica at Itajub ai n Brazil. The astrometric reduction is discussed especially the small corrections done here, but most of time neglected elsewhere. A catalog of 6006 dierential positions has been obtained. They have been compared to dierent ephemerides, the Vienne & Duriez ephemerides (TASS 1.7), the Harper & Taylor ephemerides and the Dourneau ephemerides. These observations provide a large set of modern observations, and appear to be of good precision. This accu- racy is needed for future use of these data to improve the dynamical models. These positions are included in the data base NSDC dedicated to the natural satellites (ftp://ftp.bdl.fr/pub/NSDC/saturn/raw data/position/). They are also available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat? J/A+A/380/727
Rape Myth Acceptance in a Community Sample of Adult Women in the Post #MeToo Era

Rape myth acceptance (RMA) is commonly targeted in anti-rape activism (e.g., the #MeToo Movement) and prevention work due to its association with perpetration, risk of victimization, survivor outcomes, and injustices in the criminal legal system. The 22-item updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance (uIRMA) scale is a widely used, reliable measure for assessing this construct; however, it has primarily been validated within samples of U.S. college students. To assess the factor structure and reliability of this measure for community samples of adult women, we analyzed uIRMA data from 356 U.S. women (age 25–35) collected via CloudResearch’s MTurk toolkit. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated high internal reliability for the overall scale (α = .92) and supported a five-factor structure (subscales: She Asked For It, He Didn’t Mean To, He Didn’t Mean To [Intoxication], It Wasn’t Really Rape, She Lied) with good model fit. The rape myth ‘‘He Didn’t Mean To’’ was most highly endorsed in the overall sample, while ‘‘It Wasn’t Really Rape’’ was endorsed the least. Analyses of RMA and participant characteristics demonstrated that women identifying as politically conservative, religious (predominantly Christian), or heterosexual endorsed rape myth constructs at significantly higher rates. Education level, social media use, and victimization history yielded mixed findings across RMA subscales, while age, race/ethnicity, income level, and regional location showed no associations with RMA. Findings suggest the uIRMA is an appropriate measure of RMA in community samples of adult women; however, the field would benefit from more consistent administration of the scale (i.e., 19-item vs. 22-item version; directionality of Likert-type scale) to allow for comparability across time and samples. Rape prevention work should target ideological adherence to patriarchal and other oppressive belief systems which may represent a common underlying factor across groups of women showing higher endorsement of RMA.
On Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq starting forced plumes

The characteristics of Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq starting forced plumes were investigated in this study. Two distinct periods in the transient plume penetration are identified, namely, the period of flow development (PFD) and period of developed flow (PDF). Similarity solutions are developed in PDF by incorporating the behaviour of an isolated buoyant vortex ring and recent laboratory results on the trailing forced plume, and the temporal variation of the penetration rate is derived during the different phases of jet-like, transitional and plume-like flow. To verify the similarity solutions, experiments were conducted on vertical starting forced plumes using combined particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) with refractive index matching. The discharge Reynolds number was varied from 3773 to 7403 and the range of excess densities ($\Delta_0 \,{=}\, (\rho_\infty\,{-}\,\rho_0)/\rho_\infty$, where $\rho_0$ and $\rho_\infty$ are initial plume and ambient density, respectively) from 2.77% to 25.07%. The experimental results revealed distinct differences between plumes having an initial density difference of larger or smaller than 15% due to the non-Boussinesq effects. Thus, the value of 15% was employed as an approximate criterion to divide the plumes into Boussinesq versus non-Boussinesq cases. The measured penetration rates and the mean centreline axial velocity of the Boussinesq starting forced plumes agreed well with the analytical predictions at the fully developed stage. However, the behaviour was substantially more complex for the non-Boussinesq plumes. In the transient records, it was noted that the time scales for the penetration of the starting plumes and the velocity development in the trailing forced plume were similar, but the time scale for the Gaussian profile to become self-similar was somewhat longer.
Quantum phase noise and field correlation in single frequency semiconductor laser systems

The influence of quantum phase fluctuations which affect single frequency semiconductor lasers in various coherent detection systems is discussed in terms of photocurrent autocorrelation and spectral density functions. The general treatment given in this paper can be applied in diverse practical cases and points out the problems of phase correlation and phase matching between the two mixed optical beams. In the more general case the photocurrent spectrum is found to be composed of discrete and quasi-Lorentzian parts whose energies and spectral spreads are discussed as a function of the laser line width, the phase matching and the phase correlation between the two coherently combined fields.
The Pattern of Expression of Human Placental Lactogen Across Normal, Lactational, and Malignant Mammary Epithelium

The immunoexpression of human placental lactogen (hPL) in mammary epithelium is not well studied in the literature. Our overall objective was to delineate the distribution pattern of hPL across mammary epithelia of varying levels of differentiation. This is the first research to study the level of expression of hPL in human lactational change epithelium. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for hPL was performed on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 97 cases. These consisted of 53 invasive ductal carcinomas, 21 lactational change cases, and 23 cases of normal mammary tissue. The results of this study show underexpression of hPL in malignant epithelium compared to normal and lactational groups individually and combined as a non-malignant group. However, a higher expression of hPL was noted in mammary carcinoma of axillary lymph node (ALN)-positive patients compared to ALN-negative cases. There was no statistically significant difference between hPL expression and tumor grade, estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. The comparison of the immunoexpression of hPL in malignant epithelium versus lactational change epithelium may provide the basis for future studies on the possible role of hPL in the protective mechanism of lactation tissue from carcinogenesis. Our results could be explained by the proposed mechanism in the literature, which is that breast cancer cells have a potential inhibitory effect on the translation of human chorionic somatotropin hormone (CSH) mRNA into hPL protein. Our results support the literature findings of a poorer prognostic outcome for breast malignancies when hPL is expressed but require further studies using a more comprehensive range of clinical parameters.
Retrospective analysis of the oldest-old patients who applied to the emergency department and their differences from the young-old and middle-old

OBJECTIVE: Our study examined young, middle, and oldest-old patients who visited the emergency department (ED) and their differences. METHODS: The research was executed retrospectively, utilizing the medical data of patients aged 65 and over who applied to the ED of a research hospital in Kayseri for the two years between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. The patients were young-old, between 65 and 74 years old; aged 75 to 84 were middle-old, and those aged 85 and over were classified as oldest-old. RESULTS: 84415 (13.7%) older patients visited the ED during the study period. The patients’ median age was 74 years, IQRs (69- 80) and 53.9% (n=45466) were female. 53.4% of the patients were young-old, 33.4% middle-old, and 13.2% were oldest-old. 7.2% (n=6060) of the hospitalized patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 7.8% (n=1719) died. Among the first three reasons for admitting the patients to the ED, 20% (n=16874) had COVID-19, 14.4% (n=12131) had gastrointestinal symptoms, and 13.9% (n=11718) had circulatory system symptoms. Oldest-old patients were brought to the ED by ambulance more (38.4% vs. 50.9% vs. 63.2% p< 0.001), stayed longer in the ED (81 vs. 103 vs. 116 minutes, p
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MONEY / M2 MONEY IN INDONESIA (DATA PERIOD Q1.2001 - Q4.2015)

This study aims to analyze the demand for money (broad money / M2) with a model that uses the condition of non-stationary data so that it can estimate the need for money in the economy. The period of data studied is from Q1.2001-Q4.2015. The analysis technique used is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) by conducting data stationarity tests, cointegration tests, lag feasibility tests, VECM Estimates, Granger Causality Test, and Impulse Response Function analysis to determine the effect ofshock from other variables. The results of this study indicate that: 1) GDP has a positive influence both in the short and long term on the money supply (M2); 2) Exchange rates or exchange rates also have a positive influence on M2; 3) Interest rates negatively affect M2;4) Inflation has a positive effect on M2. Keywords: Money supply (M2), GDP, exchange rate / exchange rate, interest rates and inflation
Diagnostic implication of extracellular mucin in pancreatic/biliary brushing and stent cytology

Pancreatic and/or biliary (PB) brushing is commonly used to rule out malignant strictures. Many studies have attempted to characterize cytomorphologic characteristics of brushing and stent cytology. However, scant literature exists on the diagnostic implication (DI) of thick extracellular mucin (ECM) indicative of neoplasm in these samples. This study was aimed at reviewing the DI of thick ECM in PB brushing and stent cytology.
Distortion of a flat-plate boundary layer by free-stream vorticity normal to the plate

We consider a nominally uniform flow over a semi-infinite flat plate. Our analysis shows how a small streamwise disturbance in the otherwise uniform flow ahead of the plate is amplified by leading-edge bluntness effects and eventually leads to a small-amplitude but nonlinear spanwise motion far downstream from the leading edge of the plate. This spanwise motion is then imposed on the viscous boundary-layer flow at the surface of the plate – causing an order-one change in its profile shape. This ultimately reduces the wall shear stress to zero – causing the boundary layer to undergo a localized separation, which may be characterized as a kind of bursting phenomenon that could be related to the turbulent bursts observed in some flat-plate boundary-layer experiments.
The slow-drift motion of arrays of vertical cylinders

The large-amplitude rectilinear ‘slow-drift’ oscillation of a floating body constrained by a weak restoring force in random waves is considered. The free-surface flow is approximated by a perturbation series expansion for a small slow-drift velocity and wave steepness. A model slow-drift equation of motion is derived, the time-dependent slow-drift excitation force and wave damping coefficient are defined and the complete series of free-surface problems governing their magnitude are formulated. The free-surface problem governing the wave-drift damping coefficient in monochromatic waves is studied and an explicit solution is obtained for a vertical circular cylinder of infinite draught. This solution is extended for arrays of vertical circular cylinders by employing an exact interaction theory. The wave-drift damping coefficient is evaluated for configurations of interest in practice and an expression is derived for the steady drifting velocity of an unconstrained body in regular waves.
Biodegradable and Flexible Polymer‐Based Memristor Possessing Optimized Synaptic Plasticity for Eco‐Friendly Wearable Neural Networks with High Energy Efficiency

Organic memristors are promising candidates for the flexible synaptic components of wearable intelligent systems. With heightened concerns for the environment, considerable effort has been made to develop organic transient memristors to realize eco‐friendly flexible neural networks. However, in the transient neural networks, achieving flexible memristors with biorealistic synaptic plasticity for energy efficient learning processes is still challenging. Herein, a biodegradable and flexible polymer‐based memristor, suitable for the spike‐dependent learning process, is demonstrated. An electrochemical metallization phenomenon for the conductive nanofilament growth in a polymer medium of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is analyzed and a PVA‐based transient and flexible artificial synapse is developed. The developed device exhibits superior biodegradability and stable mechanical flexibility due to the high water solubility and excellent tensile strength of the PVA film, respectively. In addition, the developed flexible memristor is operated as a reliable synaptic device with optimized synaptic plasticity, which is ideal for artificial neural networks with the spike‐dependent operations. The developed device is found to be effectively served as a reliable synaptic component with high energy efficiency in practical neural networks. This novel strategy for developing transient and flexible artificial synapses can be a fundamental platform for realizing eco‐friendly wearable intelligent systems. An interactive preprint version of the article can be found here: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.166603245. 58711630/v1.
Managing learning trajectories: the case of 14–19 mathematics

In this paper we explore how mathematics department leaders manage curriculum (what is taught), teaching (how it is taught) and learner progression (what results) for 14–19 year olds. The background to the study is a range of national, and international, concerns about participation rates in university entrance level mathematics. Given the recommendation of the Smith Report (2004) that new pathways models be developed for 14–19 mathematics, this paper explores some of the strategies employed, and issues faced, by schools as they seek to maximise attainment and participation in mathematics. Following a thematic analysis of data from interviews with heads of department in 15 schools we look in more depth at one school to see how it manages the mathematics learning trajectories of young people. The theme of performativity is all pervasive.
A smooth Lyapunov function from a class- ${\mathcal{KL}}$ estimate involving two positive semidefinite functions

We consider dierential inclusions where a positive semidenite function of the solutions satises a class-KL estimate in terms of time and a second positive semidenite function of the initial condition. We show that a smooth converse Lyapunov function, i.e., one whose derivative along solutions can be used to establish the class-KL estimate, exists if and only if the class-KL estimate is robust, i.e., it holds for a larger, perturbed dierential inclusion. It remains an open question whether all class-KL estimates are robust. One sucient condition for robustness is that the original dierential inclusion is locally Lipschitz. Another sucient condition is that the two positive semidenite functions agree and a backward completability condition holds. These special cases unify and generalize many results on converse Lyapunov theorems for dierential equations and dierential inclusions that have appeared in the literature.
Magnetism and structure of YBaCuO superconducting films deposited in unusual geometries using Nd:YAG laser

High quality YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / thin films have been fabricated by pulsed Nd:YAG laser deposition using an unusual off-axis target-substrate geometry. In this geometry, one can eliminate the deposition of laser droplets. The films are free of particles and have smooth surfaces. The critical temperature (T/sub c/) of these films is in the range of 87-90 K, which is as high as that of on-axis deposited films. From the X-ray rocking curve measurement and the magnetization measurement, no significant differences were found between the on-axis and off-axis laser deposited films. >
A new eigenstructure-based parameter estimation of multichannel moving average processes

A closed-form solution to the parameter identification of multichannel moving average processes is presented. An eigenstructure-based approach is proposed to solve the identification equations involving output cumulants of any order by further exploiting the eigenstructure of the output cumulant matrices. The identification equations are derived without using the Kroneker products, hence greatly reducing the computational complexity. This approach is also computationally simpler than that of L. Tong et al. (1991), and iterations are avoided. In addition, the proposed approach allows one to combine the statistics of different order to achieve better performance. Computer simulation has shown that a much smaller sample size, on the order of 5000, is needed to achieve even better performance than our previous approach. <<ETX>>