Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATING TEMPORARY EMIGRATION USING CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA WITH POLLOCK'S ROBUST DESIGN

Statistical inference for capture-recapture studies of open animal populations typically relies on the assumption that all emigration from the studied population is per- manent. However, there are many instances in which this assumption is unlikely to be met. We define two general models for the process of temporary emigration: completely random and Markovian. We then consider effects of these two types of temporary emigration on Jolly-Seber estimators and on estimators arising from the full-likelihood approach to robust design data. Capture-recapture data arising from Pollock's robust design provide the basis for ob- taining unbiased estimates of demographic parameters in the presence of temporary emi- gration, and for estimating the probability of temporary emigration. We present a likelihood- based approach to dealing with temporary emigration that permits estimation under different models of temporary emigration and yields tests for completely random and Markovian emigration. In addition, we use the relationship between capture probability estimates based on closed and open models under completely random temporary emigration to derive three ad hoc estimators for the probability of temporary emigration. Two of these should be especially useful in situations where capture probabilities are heterogeneous among indi- vidual animals. Ad hoc and full-likelihood estimators are illustrated for small-mammal capture-recapture data sets. We believe that these models and estimators will be useful for testing hypotheses about the process of temporary emigration, for estimating demographic parameters in the presence of temporary emigration, and for estimating probabilities of temporary emigration. These latter estimates are frequently of ecological interest as indicators of animal movement and, in some sampling situations, as direct estimates of breeding probabilities and proportions.
Europe, Knowledge, Politics — Engaging with the Limits: The c.a.s.e. collective Responds

HAVING ONE’S WORK closely read and critically debated is a rare pleasure. It was thus with great joy that we saw that our collective article ‘Critical Approaches to Security in Europe: A Networked Manifesto’ (c.a.s.e. collective, 2006) provoked several thoughtful responses to the theoretical premises of the manifesto and its intellectual and political ramifications. The replies to the manifesto created a new space of selfinterrogation in which the c.a. s.e. collective grappled with some of the limits that our critics addressed. Before we address some of these more directly, it may be useful to restate the original objective of the collective manifesto. First, the authors that were part of the collective had a desire to push critical innovations in security studies beyond the framing of critical security studies in terms of schools. The aim of working and writing as a collective, as a network of scholars who do not agree on everything yet share a common perspective, was based on a desire to break with the competitive dynamics of individualist research agendas. Alluding to the emancipatory connotations of the word ‘manifesto’,1 the aim of the article was to carve out and open up an intellectual space for critical thinking – both in the disciplinary sense of formulating an alternative space to mainstream security studies and in the political sense of thinking through the ethico-political implications of security and securitization. If, in this sense, the article can be read as a manifesto (with, we should note, the important prefix ‘networked’), we did not assert, as Andreas Behnke Rejoinder
COMMUNICATION IN RIVER OTTERS: CREATION OF VARIABLE RESOURCE SHEDS FOR TERRESTRIAL COMMUNITIES

Movements and behavior of animals can result in transfer of nutrients between discrete spatial patches, leading to spatial and temporal variability in resource sheds, modification of nutrient cycling, changes in productivity and in community structure and function, and increases in landscape heterogeneity. In this study, we explored the function of scent-marking at latrines by coastal river otters (Lontra canadensis), through investigating spatial distributions of otters with respect to gender, sociality, and the distribution of their food resources. We then calculated the amounts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transported to latrine sites based on otter foraging behavior and the function of scent-marking at latrines. Locations of 55 radio-tagged otters in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, were obtained through aerial telemetry over a period of four years. Data on fish densities and marine habitat features were concurrently obtained from scuba transects and aerial surveys. A plastic social organizati.
The impact of bird's nest ferns on stemflow nutrient concentration in a primary rain forest, Sabah, Malaysia

Bird's nest ferns (Asplenium nidus complex) (Yatabe & Murakami 2003) are common epiphytes of the Old World tropics and house a high abundance of arthropods (Ellwood & Foster 2004). Through interception and retention of leaf litter (Paoletti et al. 1991, Piggott 1996, Richardson 1999), epiphytes interrupt litterfall dynamics (Clark et al. 1998, Nadkarni & Matelson 1991) and delay the return of nutrients to the forest floor (Nadkarni 1984). Precipitation percolating through the canopy as throughfall is enriched as nutrients are leached from plant surfaces (Levia & Frost 2006). Water flowing down the trunk of trees as stemflow is further enriched from prolonged contact and accumulated nutrient deposits on the trunk (Levia & Frost 2003, Liu et al. 2002). Epiphytes can alter stemflow nutrient concentrations by slowing water percolation and by nutrient uptake and release (Awasthi et al. 1995, Strigel et al. 1994).
RELATIONSHIP OF OBESITY WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, hyper-insulinemia and obesity. This study was designed to find out the levels of insulin resistance (IR) and its relationship with obesity in patients of PCOS. Methods: Seventy-four (74) females, diagnosed as PCO were selected from the Outpatient Department of Lady Atchison Hospital and divided in two groups. Group 1, PCOS with BMI <25 Kg/m2 and Group 2 with BMI â‰¥25 Kg/m2. Blood glucose and serum insulin were determined using ELISA. Insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR method. Data was analyzed using SPSS-20. MeanÂ±SD was used to present quantitative data. Normality of data was checked by one sample Kolmogorov Simonov test. Pearsonâ€™s correlation test was applied to see relationship between insulin resistance and obesity. The pâ‰¤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Serum insulin in Group 2 (26.35Â±25.78) was statistically higher than Group 1 (16.63Â±13.58). Insulin resistance in Group 2 and Group 1 was 5. 37Â±4.96 and 4. 25Â±3.53 respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p=0.249). No significant correlation was found between IR and BMI in either cases or controls but overall a weak positive correlation was noted between the two variables. Conclusion: Insulin resistance and serum insulin were higher in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia share the disease and might exacerbate the symptoms of disease. No significant correlation was found between insulin resistance and BMI
The Relevance and Irrelevance of Dutch Anti-Communism: The Netherlands and the Hungarian Revolution, 1956-57

The role of the West European states during the Hungarian revolution of 1956 was in many ways passive. The logic of the Cold War seemed to paralyse Western Europe, both before and after the Soviet intervention of 4 November, a paralysis which was caused not only by the threat of nuclear war, but also by other considerations and interests. France and Great Britain, for example, were preoccupied with the Suez crisis. It could be argued that the western countries lost a unique chance to come to the rescue of the Hungarian people suffering under Soviet domination. A more positive and activist western policy, especially during the two weeks before 4 November, could have made a historical difference. How should the role of the West European states be judged? This article looks at the role played by the Netherlands during that dramatic phase of recent European history. Dutch public opinion reacted vehemently to the Soviet intervention, and in most Dutch cities demonstrations were organized to protest against it. Thousands attacked the offices of the Dutch communist party. Windows were smashed, furniture and papers were dragged outside and set on fire. The international press observed that reaction in the Netherlands was fiercer than anywhere else. The Dutch diplomatic standpoint seemed to be equally strong. In the United Nations, Dutch representatives tried to stimulate a more hostile western attitude, going beyond most other western countries. Why was the Netherlands’ reaction so vehement, and did it produce any results? How relevant was Dutch anti-communism, for whom and to what end? ’
Extramatrical ectomycorrhizal mycelium contributes one-third of microbial biomass and produces, together with associated roots, half the dissolved organic carbon in a forest soil.

• A large-scale tree-girdling experiment enabled estimates in the field of the contribution of extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi to soil microbial biomass and by ECM roots and fungi to production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). • Tree-girdling was made early (EG) or late (LG) during the summer to terminate the flow of photosynthate to roots and ECM fungi. Determination of microbial C (Cmicr ) and microbial N in root-free organic soil was performed by using the fumigation-extraction technique; extractable DOC was determined on unfumigated soil. • Soil Cmicr was 41% lower on LG than on control plots 1 month after LG, whereas at the same time (that is, 3 months after EG), the Cmicr was 23% lower on EG than on control plots. Extractable DOC was 45% lower on girdled plots than control plots. • Our results, which are of particular interest as they were obtained directly in the field, clearly demonstrate the important contribution by extramatrical ECM mycelium to soil microbial biomass and by ECM roots to the production of DOC, a carbon source for other microbes.
Growth kinetics of a native toxigenic isolate of Bacillus cereus under the influence of incubation temperature, pH and sodium chloride in broth system.

Aims: The growth behavior of vegetative cells and spores of a native toxigenic food isolate of Bacillus cereus CFR 1534 was studied under the influence of incubation temperature, pH and sodium chloride. Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken in the Department of Human Resource Development, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India. The duration of study was during the period October 2009 to February 2010. Methodology: The experimental design was a central composite design (CCD) based on 3 factors and 5 levels. The factors for vegetative cells were incubation temperature (12- 48oC), pH level (5.5-7.5) and sodium chloride (2-6%). With spores, the ranges of pH and NaCl levels were the same, while incubation temperature range was 22 to 42oC. Results: Multiple regression analysis of experimental data relating to lag phase duration (LPD) and growth rate (GR) of B. cereus across the influencing factors in broth system revealed that LPD of vegetative cells and spores was primarily influenced by incubation temperature. In vegetative cells of B. cereus, the LPD was in the range of 3.1 to 31.5 h with the highest being observed at 48oC and pH 6.5. The GR had the lowest of 0.2/h to highest of 2.2/h at 30oC and pH 7.5. With spores, the lowest LPD of 5.8 h was at 42oC and highest of 20.5 h at 22oC and that of GR was in the range of 0.2/h at 22oC to 0.7/h at 32oC. Experimental tubes of vegetative cells with GR estimates of 1.3/h and above revealed positive reactions for toxigenic traits of haemolytic and lecithinase activities associated with B. cereus. Conclusion: In the case of vegetative cells, incubation temperature in the range of 12- 20oC resulted in higher LPD, while in spores, higher LPD was observed with incubation temperatures of 22-26oC. This could provide a basis to design protocols for a safe food in the food chain.
A spreadsheet program for estimating low toxic effects

A Mcrosoftt® Excel v. 5.0 spreadsheet program for estimating low toxic effects is described using an example data set consisting of herbicide effects on corn germination. Users are guided through each step in the program. Five model equations are illustrated in both their mathematical and spreadsheet forms and statistical procedures are described.
Organic acid blend in diets of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a blend of organic acids (OAs) in diets with or without antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Day-old male broiler chicks were used in a trial with 4 treatments and 6 replicates of 50 birds per pen, for 43 days, in a completely randomized design. The treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement consisted of the presence or absence of enramycin (AGP) and of a blend of OA in the feed. All birds were inoculated at 7 days of age with an anticoccidial vaccine in the drinking water; on days 14, 15, and 16, they were inoculated with C. perfringens in the feed. OA improved weight gain, body weight, and feed intake in the periods 1–7 days and 1–21 days in chicks without antibiotic supplementation. The AGP had the main effect of increasing weight gain and body weight at 35 d; the OA increased weight gain, body weight, and feed intake at 43 days of age. The birds supplemented with OA without AGP had a higher number of CD3+ cells in the ileum mucosa and lower crypt depth than birds supplemented with both OA and antibiotic at 7 days. At 21 days of age, birds fed OA without AGP had higher villus height and a larger villus/crypt ratio; however, there were no differences in the CD3+ cells in the ileal mucosa. The use of OA was beneficial for weight gain and AGP for feed conversion, and the combination of OA and AGP brings complementary advantages in production.
Pathology associated with retained fishing hooks in blue sharks, Prionace glauca (L.), with implications for their conservation

Fishing hooks retained from previous capture events were found in 6 of 211 blue sharks, Prionace glauca (L.), landed in the summers of 1999 and 2000 by recreational fishermen off Long Island (New York, USA). The hooks were embedded within the distal oesophagus (n ¼ 3), or perforated the gastric wall (n ¼ 3) and lacerated the liver (n ¼ 2). The hooks were surrounded by excessive fibronecrotic tissue which ablated the normal anatomical structures and in the three sharks with oesophageal hooks caused partial luminal obstruction. Accompanying lesions included oesophagitis, gastritis, hepatitis and proliferative peritonitis. Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. were isolated from the peritoneal fluid of one shark with peritonitis and intralesional bacteria were seen on histological examination in all sharks. This is the first report of the prevalence and pathology of retained fishing hooks in a large number of wildcaught sharks.
The Reconstitution of W′ Depends on Both Work and Recovery Characteristics

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of different work and recovery characteristics on the W′ reconstitution and to test the predictive capabilities of the W′BAL model. Methods Eleven male participants (22 ± 3 yr, 55 ± 4 mL·kg−1⋅min−1) completed three to five constant work rate tests to determine CP and W′. Subsequently, subjects performed 12 experimental trials, each comprising two exhaustive constant work rate bouts (i.e., WB1 and WB2), interspersed by an active recovery interval. In each trial, work bout characteristics (P4 or P8, i.e., the work rate predicted to result in exhaustion in 4 and 8 min, respectively), recovery work rate (33% CP or 66% CP), and recovery duration (2, 4, or 6 min) were varied. Actual (W′ACT) and model-predicted (W′PRED) reconstitution values of W′ were calculated. Results After 2, 4, and 6 min recovery, W′ACT averaged 46% ± 2.7%, 51.2% ± 3.3%, and 59.4% ± 4.1%, respectively (P = 0.003). W′ACT was 9.4% higher after recovery at 33% CP than at 66% CP (56.9% ± 3.9% vs 47.5% ± 3.2%) (P = 0.019). P4 exercise yielded a 11.3% higher W′ACT than P8 exercise (57.8% ± 3.9% vs 46.5% ± 2.7%) (P = 0.001). W′ACT was higher than W′PRED in the conditions P4-2 min (+29.7%), P4-4 min (+18.4%), and P8-2 min (+18%) (P < 0.01). A strong correlation (R = 0.68) between the rate of W′ depletion and W′ recovery was found (P = 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated that both the work and recovery characteristics of a prior exhaustive exercise bout can affect the W′ reconstitution. Results revealed a slower W′ reconstitution when the rate of W′ depletion was slower as well. Furthermore, it was shown that the current W′BAL model underestimates actual W′ reconstitution, especially after shorter recovery.
Path Analysis on the Determinants of Pap Smear Uptake in Women of Reproductive Age in Tegal, Central Java

Background : Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in developing countries. Although Pap smear is known as an effective strategy to reduce the burden of cervical cancer, it is underused in developing countries at around 19%. This study aimed to examine the determinants of Pap smear uptake in women of reproductive age using Health Belief Model (HBM). Subjects and Method : This was a case-control study conducted in Tegal, Central Java, from October 4 to November 2, 2018. A sample of 200 women of reproductive age was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was Pap smear uptake. The independent variables were perceived benefit, susceptibility, seriousness, and threat, cues to action, education, knowledge, and peer support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13. Results : Pap smear uptake directly increased with stronger perceived threat (b= 1.18; 95% CI= 0.44 to 1.92; p=0.002), stronger perceived benefit (b= 1.40; 95% CI= 0.63 to 2.16; p<0.001), and higher self-efficacy (b= 1.48; 95% CI= 0.73 to 2.24; p<0.001). Pap smear uptake was indirectly affected by perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, cues to action, education, knowledge, and peer support. Conclusion : Pap smear uptake is directly affected by perceived threat, perceived benefit, and self-efficacy. It is indirectly affected by perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, cues to action, education, knowledge, and peer support. Keywords: Pap smear, Health Belief Model, path analysis Correspondence: Riska Armadhani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: riska.armadhani@gmail.com Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(2): 77-86 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019. 04.02. 03
Control of exoenzyme production, motility and cell differentiation in Serratia liquefaciens

Serratia liquefaciens secretes a broad spectrum of hydrolytic enzymes to the surrounding medium and possesses the ability to differentiate into specialized swarmer cells capable of rapid surface motility. Control of exoenzyme production and swarming motility is governed by similar regulatory components, including a quorum-sensing mechanism and the flagellar master operon flhDC.
Precocious male quinnat salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha (walbaum) in New Zealand (note)

Summary Samples of yearling parr of quinnat salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) from Lake Heron and the Glenariffe Stream were examined, and precocious ripe males were found. The proportion in the population (29.2%) was higher than is recorded in North America (2.6%).
Use of imprinted northern bobwhite chicks to assess habitat-specific arthropod availability

Abstract Arthropod abundance commonly is used as an index for brood-habitat quality for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) chicks. However, conventional arthropod sampling techniques may not measure the abundance of arthropods available to chicks. Human-imprinted chicks have been used to jointly measure arthropod abundance and availability; however, no studies have examined potential differences in growth rates and foraging behavior between pen and wild-strain chicks. Likewise, use of internal ligatures has not been tested. We compared growth (g/day) and foraging rates (g/chick/30 minutes) between pen and wild-strain chicks and foraging rates between ligatured and nonligatured chicks. At 9 days post-hatch, pen-strain chicks (LSMEANS=20.315, SE=0.456) weighed more than wild-strain chicks (LSMEANS=17.665, SE=0.556; F1,1013=32.34, P <0.001). Foraging rate did not differ between ligatured (x̄=0.041, SE=0.007) and nonligatured (x̄=0.028, SE=0.004) chicks (t38=−1.69, P=0.100). Pen-strain chicks consumed slightly greater dry biomass than wild-strain chicks, but both consumed similarsized arthropods. Ligatured, commercially produced chicks may serve as a reasonable biological assay for indexing arthropod availability and brood-habitat quality for wild northern bobwhite chicks.
A comparative ontogenetic study of the tetraodontiform caudal complex

Konstantinidis P. and Johnson, G. D. 2012. A comparative ontogenetic study of the tetraodontiform caudal complex. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93: 98–114. Interpretation of the caudal complex of adult Tetraodontiformes has proven problematic because of the consolidation of the component elements. Here, we show that an ontogenetic approach offers considerable elucidation of the homology of the caudal complex, resulting in a new understanding of the grundplan of these fishes. The reductions of structures of the caudal complex are interpreted in a phylogenetic context. The caudal skeleton of larval triacanthodids resembles that of many adult percomorphs; however, during subsequent development epural 3 disappears, while epural 2 is reduced so that it can hardly be distinguished from the uroneural remnants. Juvenile triacanthids have an epural 2 that is lost in ontogeny, and the cartilaginous parhypural becomes integrated into the large hypural plate. In ostraciids and diodontids, the parhypural is absent throughout development. The hypural plates of adult balistids, monacanthids and tetraodontids have a conspicuous diastema between the dorsal and ventral portions. However, in early stages of the former two, the dorsal and ventral portions are continuous in cartilage proximally and remain fused in the adults. In tetraodontids, the two hypurals are separate from their initial appearance in cartilage and never fuse, raising the question of homology of the individual hypurals among the different families.
Survival of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis introduced into two soils of different texture in field microplots

Antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis, produced by transposon Tn5 mutagenesis and transformation with plasmid pFT30, respectively, were characterized. Both strains grew at a rate comparable to that of the wild-type strains, and the antibiotic resistance remained stable for over 50 generations without selective pressure. During the growing season, the survival of these strains was studied in two soils of different texture cropped with wheat. The B. subtilis populations declined rapidly in both soils and then stabilized at the levels of added spores. P. fluorescens showed a slow, steady decline in both soils; survival was better in the finer-textured soil, a silt loam, than in the coarser loamy sand. For both bacteria, some translocation to deeper soil layers was observed. No significant rhizosphere effects were detected in either of the two soils.