Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating neutral meson-nuclei bound states with coherent electroproduction of η and φ mesons off of 4 He in Hall-C A Letter of Intent to PAC 42

This letter’s purpose is to express the collaborations strong interest and intent to investigate the existence of meson-4He bounds states in Hall-C. The existence of bound φ-nuclei states has been postulated in light nuclei [1] [2], and explored with the coherent φ-D photoproduction in CLAS [3]; however, no conclusive evidence for bound state was found. A similar experiment with coherent η electroproduction off of 3He at MAMI [4] did produce a quantitatively measured resonance state. The theoretical mechanisms for φ and η binding to light nuclei are built through two very different processes: nuclear scattering potentials with mesonic degrees of freedom [5] versus a QCD van der Waals type potential with purely gluonic exchanges [1]. In either case, the production of a meson traveling at rest with respect to a dense recoiling nucleus would maximize the interaction potential. The proposed experiment in this letter will be a coincidence experiment withe the SHMS and HMS of Hall-C to investigate the φ and η binding in the reactions 4He(e,e’ 4He)η and 4He(e,e’ 4He)φ.
IRAM Memo 2008-2 Single-dish observation and processing to produce the short-spacing information for a millimeter interferometer ∗

Adding the short-spacing information filtered out by (sub)-millimeter interferometers is crucial to obtain good images of wide fields (observed in stop-and-go or on-the-fly mode). In this memo we discuss how to obtain the short-spacing information with single-dish data using the pseudo-visibility method. We have computed the natural weights of the pseudo-visibilities from the noise in the single-dish map. We also discuss 1) the relative weights of the singledish and interferometric data, 2) how the relative weight equation transform into relative integration time and 3) severals ways of weighting the pseudo-visibilities. Finally, we discuss the addition of the short-spacings in practice (e.g. single-dish artifacts, field-of-view,.). ∗This work is part of the commissioning of the interferometric On-The-Fly observing mode, funded by the EU FP6 “ALMA enhancement” grant.
Social Smartphone Apps Do Not Capture Attention Despite Their Perceived High Reward Value

Smartphones have been shown to distract people from their main tasks (e.g., studying, working), but the psychological mechanisms underlying these distractions are not clear yet. In a preregistered experiment (https://osf.io/g8kbu/), we tested whether the distracting nature of smartphones stems from their high associated (social) reward value. Participants (N = 117) performed a visual search task while they were distracted by (a) high social reward apps (e.g., Facebook app icon + notification sign), (b) low social reward apps (e.g., Facebook app icon), and (c) no social reward apps (e.g., Weather app icon). We expected that high social reward app icons would slow down search, especially when people were deprived of their smartphones. Surprisingly, high social reward (vs. low or no social reward) apps did not impair visual search performance, yet in a survey (N = 158) participants indicated to perceive these icons as more rewarding. Our results demonstrate that even if people perceive social smartphone apps as more rewarding than nonsocial apps, this may not manifest in behavior.
A Monetary Model of the Exchange Rate with Informational Frictions

Data for the U.S. and the Euro-area during the post-Bretton Woods period shows that nominal and real exchange rates are more volatile than consumption, very persistent, and highly correlated with each other. Standard models with nominal rigidities match reasonably well the volatility and persistence of the nominal exchange rate, but require an average contract duration above 4 quarters to approximate the real exchange rate counterparts. I propose a two-country model with financial intermediaries and argue that: First, sticky and asymmetric information introduces a lag in the consumption response to currently unobservable shocks, mostly foreign. Accordingly, the real exchange rate becomes more volatile to induce enough expenditure-switching across countries for all markets to clear. Second, differences in the degree of price stickiness across markets and firms weaken the correlation between the nominal exchange rate and the relative CPI price. This correlation is important to match the moments of the real exchange rate. The model suggests that asymmetric information and differences in price stickiness account better for the stylized facts without relying on an average contract duration for the U.S. larger than the current empirical estimates.
Fiscal Deficits, Debt, and Monetary Policy in a Liquidity Trap

The macroeconomic response to the economic crisis has revived old debates about the usefulness of monetary and fiscal policy in fighting recessions. Without the ability to further lower interest rates, policy authorities in many countries have turned to expansionary fiscal policies. Recent literature argues that government spending may be very effective in such environments. But a critical element of the stimulus packages in all countries was the use of deficit financing and tax reductions. This paper explores the role of government debt and deficits in an economy constrained by the zero bound on nominal interest rates. Given that the liquidity trap is generated by a large increase in the desire to save on the part of the private sector, the wealth effects of government deficits can provide a critical macroeconomic response to this. Government spending financed by deficits may be far more expansionary than that financed by tax increases in such an environment. In a liquidity trap, tax cuts may be much more effective than during normal times. Finally, monetary policies aimed at directly increasing monetary aggregates may be effective, even if interest rates are unchanged.
Supersonic Flutter of Partially Liquid-Filled Circular Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Internal Pressure and Axial Compression

This study is focused on the aeroelastic behavior of a circular cylindrical shell in a supersonic airflow. The method of analysis is a combination of Sander’s thin shell theory and the classic finite element method. Potential theory is applied to model the effect of the hydrodynamic pressure, and piston theory to derive the aerodynamic damping and stiffness matrices. The influence of stress stiffness due to internal pressure and axial compression is also taken into account. Aeroelastic equations in hybrid finite element formulation are derived and solved numerically. In all study cases the shell loses its stability due to coupled-mode flutter and a traveling wave is observed during this dynamic instability. The results are compared with existing experimental data and other analytical and finite element solutions. The presented study shows efficient and reliable results which can be applied for aeroelastic design and analysis of shells of revolution in aerospace vehicles. Key-Words: -Aeroelasticity, Flutter, Cylindrical Shell, Hybrid Finite Element, Dynamic, Piston Theory, Potential Flow 1 PhD Candidate 2 Professor
Farming households ’ knowledge and perception on Soil degradation in Dera Woreda , Ethiopia

In the highlands of Ethiopia, the problem of soil degradation is rigorous. The study was conducted to investigate farming households’ knowledge and perception on soil degradation with special reference to soil erosion and soil fertility loss in Dera Woreda, Ethiopia. Data were collected using field observations, questionnaire survey and focus group discussions. Questionnaire survey was conducted on 90 samples of farming households which are selected from three peasant associations in the Woreda. Focus group discussion was also conducted in each peasant association having a group member of six. The result of the study indicated that soil erosion and soil fertility loss is a problem. To combat soil erosion farmers mainly depend on physical soil conservation measures. However, using of vegetative conservation measures was very much limited. Even the constructed conservation structures are poorly maintained. Again, to maintain the incidence of loss of soil fertility they were using crop rotation and inorganic fertilizers. However, use of compost manure, green manure, soil burning, fallowing, multiple cropping, weed and trash line heap, animal parking and mulching is very low. Thus, as a result of lack of proper management, soil erosion and soil fertility loss were reached to the extent until the land becomes out of cultivation. Copyright © ASETR, all rights reserved.
The Balanced Scorecard : The Effects of Assurance and Process Accountability on Managerial Judgment

The balanced scorecard has been hailed as one of the major developments in management accounting in the past decade. Lipe and Salterio (2000) find that one of the key scorecard features, the inclusion of measures that are unique to the strategic objectives of a business unit, tend to be ignored by managers when making performance evaluation judgments. This study identifies and tests two approaches to reducing this “common measures bias. ” We examine whether increasing effort via invoking process accountability (i.e., requiring managers to justify to their superior their performance evaluations) and/or improving the perceived quality of the balanced scorecard measures (i.e., via an independent third party assurance report on the balanced scorecard) increases managers’ usage of unique performance measures in their evaluations. Results suggest that either the requirement to justify an evaluation to a superior or the provision of an assurance report on the balanced scorecard increases the use of unique measures in managerial performance evaluation judgments. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action

The rapid evolution of the Balanced Scorecard into a strategic managment system is reported on in this book. The Balanced Scorecard approach retains traditional financial measures which reflect past organizational acheivements, but adds three new measures of future performance found necessary in this information age with its focus on customer relationships and long-term capabilities: customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. With these four perspectives providing the framework for the Balanced Scorecard, organizations can now measure how they create value for customers, how they can enhance internal competencies, and how they must invest in people, systems and procedures to improve future performance. According to the authors, the Balanced Scorecard has evolved from an improved measurement system to a core management system. For the first time there is a systematic process to implement and obtain feedback about strategy. This is an excellent introduction to new management styles.
Cosmic Rays and Earth ’ s Atmospheric Processes : A review

The modulation of cosmic ray flux incident on the Earth’s upper atmosphere by solar activity results in changing the global electrical properties of the atmosphere, which is in turn believed to affect weather and climate. In this review paper an attempt has been made to summarize the present understanding of Earth’s atmospheric processes that are affected by Cosmic rays.
Drought and Civil War in Sub�?Saharan Africa

In this paper, we show that drought has a positive effect on the incidence of civil war over the 1945-2005 period in Sub-Saharan Africa. We use the Palmer Drought Severity Index which is a richer measurement of drought than the measures used in the literature (rainfall and temperature) as it measures the accumulation of water in the soil in taking into account the temperature and the geological characteristics of the soil. We show that the risk of civil war increases by more than 42% from a “normal” climate to an “extremely drought” climate. Surprisingly, only 2.5% of this effect is channeled through economic growth.
Analogue Transformation Acoustics Covariant Methodology in Transformational Acoustics Final Report

The work of Ariadne study reference 11-1301 is described. Focus was given to developing a formal theory of transformation acoustics that analogued the exact theory of transformation electromagnetics. This was developed both for simple isotropic media and for so-called pentamode acoustic media. In addition a generalised ray-based transformation theory that provided a simple, but highly flexible, recipe for making transformation-based devices, such as an acoustic cloak. Finally, an analogue acoustic theory that mimics the structure of covariant electromagnetism is discussed.
Are Old Supernova Remnants Really Missing ? Re-Evaluating a Well-Known Young-Universe Argument

For more than two decades, recent creationists have used the supposed lack of old supernova remnants, and particularly the lack of stage three supernova remnants, as an argument for recent origin. However, reexamination of the data shows that there indeed are old supernova remnants, and that stage three supernova remnants have been identified. Therefore, this may not be a good argument for recent origin, and I discourage recent creationists from using it.
Global Financial Spillovers to Emerging Market Sovereign Bond Markets

Foreign holdings of emerging markets (EMs) government bonds have increased substantially over the last decade. While foreign participation in local-currency sovereign bond markets provides an additional source of financing and reduces sovereign yields, it raises concerns about increased sensitivity of yields to shifts in market sentiment. The analysis in this paper suggests that foreign participation and an undiversified investor base transmit global financial shocks to local-currency sovereign bond markets by increasing yield volatility and, beyond a certain threshold, amplify these spillovers. These estimates are robust to a range of econometric techniques including panel smooth threshold regression.
On the E¤ects of Individual Labor-exibility on Rational Portfolio Allocation: Making a Case for Businessman Risk and Employer Stock Ownership

This paper studies the impact of labor exibility on optimal life-cycle portfolio decisions, particularly the ability to change industries or rms within industries. The model addresses two frequently observed portfolio behaviors that are seemingly inconsistent with rational portfolio choice. The rst is the tendency of workers and entrepreneurs to hold their companys stock. The second is the propensity of workers to limit their equity holdings through time. The explanation o¤ered here for both of these behaviors lies in the option to switch jobs when ones company does poorly. This is equivalent to holding put options on ones own company stock and call options in the other companys stock, where both options must be exercised at the same time. Given these initial undiversi ed implicit nancial holdings, workers need to allocate a relatively large share of their regular nancial assets to their own companys stock and a relatively small share to the stock of their alternative employment simply to restore overall portfolio balance. I consider the case of an option to switch between a relative safe and a relatively risky job. I nd that when workers start their career in the safer job, they optimally hold a positive amount in their companys stock (under some conditions almost half of their nancial wealth). However, if workers start out in the riskier job, they short their companys stock just as in the absence of job-switching options but they short less. I am very grateful to J. Detemple, F. Gourio, R. Merton, Z. Bodie and L. Kotliko¤ for many discussions and helpful suggestions. I also thank S. Basu, P. Ireland, R. King, K. Lang, M. Manove, D. Mookherjee, A. Verdelhan, and conference participants at Boston Universitys Department of Economics and School of Management, and at the Fall 2007 Boston University-Boston College Green Line Macroeconomics Meeting, for their numerous useful comments. yDoriana Ru¢ no, Boston University Department of Economics, 270 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A. Phone: (617) 447 9987 and Email: rdoriana@bu.edu
Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Stall of a Wind Turbine Airfoil

The recent development of large wind turbines poses new challenges with regard to understanding the mechanisms surrounding unsteady flow-structure interaction. The larger and more flexible blades imply risks from an aeroelastic point of view and urge the need to properly understand and model these phenomena. Due to limited experimental data available in this field, Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques provide an invaluable alternative to identify and model aerodynamic and aeroelastic phenomena around the wind blades. The study is part of the coupling between aerodynamic and elastic models of the commercial code CFX with ANSYS, respectively. In this paper we are modeling the dynamic stall that describes the complex events that result in the delay of stall on airfoils undergoing unsteady motion. This study is realized on the S809 airfoil for which experimental data are available in literature, specifically for the study of periodic unsteady motion. The study will use the k-ω SST intermittency model. The k-ω SST model is based on a blending of the Wilcox k-ω model and the k-ε model and combines the advantages of the two models but it also accounts for the transport of the turbulent shear stress and so proposed good predictions especially for separated flows. A transition model is added to the k-ω SST model that allows the user to choose the intermittency factor in order to describe the transition. The domain discretization was carried using an unstructured mesh. The simulations are made on the S809 airfoil with a Reynolds number of one million and an angle of attack of 8° ±5.5°, 14° ±5.5 and 20° ±5.5° with a reduced frequency of k=0.026.
Distorted Multisensory Experiences of Order and Simultaneity

In his 1963a paper, Efron points out the importance of event identification and event ordering for the construction of meaning. Given that we live and thrive in a multisensory environment, Efron’s ‘unitary bits’ include information from multiple sensory modalities that may be complementary, contradictory or at some level of equivalence. The percept of these sensory ‘bits’ of information as synchronous and unified leads to the percept of a multisensory event rather than multiple, independent sensory events (Vatakis & Spence, 2010). Research to date has shown that the human perceptual system maintains the percept of synchrony between two sensory streams even though these streams may be processed/presented close but not exactly in time (Vatakis, 2013). The maintenance of a synchronous percept is accomplished through the hypothesized existence of a temporal window of integration (twi; i.e., the interval in which no signal discrepancy is perceived, anything beyond this interval will normally be perceived as being desynchronized or asynchronous; e.g., King, 2005; Spence & Squire, 2003; Vatakis & Spence, 2010; Vroomen & Keetels, 2010). We, thus, have ‘moments’ (or ‘functional moments’ as per Wittmann, 2011) that have no perceivable duration and can be perceived as simultaneous or ‘somewhat’ simultaneous (yet order cannot be perceived) and ‘moments’ that are successive with specific and detectable order of presentation (e.g., Pöppel, 1985, 2004;
LATE CRETACEOUS GONDWANATHERIAN MAMMALS OF INDIA : DISTRIBUTION , INTERRELATIONSHIPS AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS

Gondwanatheria is a poorly-known extinct order of the class Mammalia. It represents an enigmatic and distinctive non-tribosphenic radiation of mammals in the Southern Hemisphere with fossils documented from the Late Cretaceous and early Middle Eocene of Argentina, Late Cretaceous of Madagascar and India, ? Cretaceous of Tanzania and ? Middle Eocene of Antarctica. The Indian gondwanatherian mammals are known by two taxa (Bharattherium bonapartei Prasad et al., 2007a and Dakshina jederi Wilson et al., 2007) from the Upper Cretaceous sediments intercalated with the Deccan volcanic flows (= intertrappean beds) of peninsular India. A close examination of the type specimens of both these Indian sudamericids shows that they are morphologically similar, and given that the publication of Bharattherium pre-dates Dakshina, the latter is regarded here as a junior synonym of the former. In addition, recent fieldwork in central India has resulted in the discovery of a new sudamericid tooth in the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) intertrappean beds of Kisalpuri, District Dindori (Madhya Pradesh). Though in having two independent transverse lophs, distinct shape of the lophs, and in the absence of infundibulum, perikymata, and enamel islet this tooth differs from Bharattherium and other known sudamericid mammals from Madagascar and Argentina, it is tentatively referred to the family Sudamericidae as we are not aware of morphological variation of molariforms in different loci on the dentition of sudamericid mammals. Further, the phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographic relationships of gondwanatherian mammals are reviewed in light of recent fossil discoveries from the Late Cretaceous of India.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON EMITTANCE GROWTH CAUSED BY ROUGHNESS OF A METALLIC PHOTOCATHODE

The roughness of a photocathode could lead to an additional uncorrelated divergence of the emitted electrons and therefore to an increased thermal emittance. The randomness of the real-life photocathode surface makes it unrealistic to perform typical beam dynamics simulation to study the roughness emittance growth. We develope a numerical simulation code based on the point spread function (PSF) and an estimated form of electric field distribution on an arbitrary gently undulating surface to deal with the problem. The simulation result shows that the emittance growth factor is 1.04, which is much smaller than expected (1.5 ∼ 2).
Importance of ‘ connectedness ’ between herds for effective across herd genetic evaluation

The term “connectedness” is commonly used in animal breeding in relation to the genetic evaluations and across herd comparison of estimated breeding values. In this context, connectedness is a measure or accuracy of across herd evaluations. It can be described as a measure of the relationships between herds or contemporary groups based on their effect on the accuracy of comparing the genetic values of animals from one herd or group to the other.
Differential effects of divorce on social integration

Disagreement exists about the relationship between divorce and social integration. A liberation hypothesis predicts an increase in integration, however, an isolation hypothesis predicts a decrease in integration. We combine these hypotheses by specifying that liberation will occur for some dimensions of integration, whereas isolation will occur for others. Using cross-sectional survey data from the Netherlands, results generally lend weak support to the liberation hypothesis. Divorcees report more friendship contacts and are more involved in alternative forms of participation (‘new age’ meetings) compared with the married, but no effects were found for most other liberation indicators. There is more support for the isolation hypotheses at least for some dimensions. We also find that post-divorce resources and constraints play an important intermediating role, especially for women. There is a general negative association between divorce and social integration, but results are nuanced and the effects are not as strong as is often believed.
On wind, Waves and Surface Drag

This paper reviews studies of the interaction of the wind and the ocean and the consequent landfall of strong winds that bring devastation to coastal regions. Such studies have typically concentrated on wind-wave interaction over deep water which is now reasonably well understood. However wind flow over near-shore shoaling waves and the transition to flow over land with consequent terrain and topography changes remains an area of fruitful research. Some recent studies on this topic are discussed.