Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical strain microscopy with blocking electrodes: The role of electromigration and diffusion

Electrochemical strains are a ubiquitous feature of solid state ionic devices ranging from ion batteries and fuel cells to electroresistive and memristive memories. Recently, we proposed a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) based approach, referred as electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM), for probing local ionic flows and electrochemical reactions in solids based on bias-strain coupling. In ESM, the sharp SPM tip concentrates the electric field in a small (10–50 nm) region of material, inducing interfacial electrochemical processes and ionic flows. The resultant electrochemical strains are determined from dynamic surface displacement and provide information on local electrochemical functionality. Here, we analyze image formation mechanism in ESM for a special case of mixed electronic-ionic conductor with blocking tip electrode, and determine frequency dependence of response, role of diffusion and electromigration effects, and resolution and detection limits.
Charmless Hadronic B Meson Decays

We give an overview of the experimental measurements and the theoretical understanding of the branching fractions and CP-violating asymmetries of charmless B meson decays. Most experimental results are from the BaBar and Belle Collaborations’ data, accumulated during the past decade. The global features of these experimental results are typically well described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD)-motivated theories such as QCD factorization, perturbative QCD, and soft-collinear effective theory. The agreement between theory and experiment is generally satisfactory, although there remain some unsolved puzzles that pose a great challenge to both theorists and experimentalists.
Hereditary Transthyretin-Related Amyloidosis: Genetic Heterogeneity and Early Personalized Gene Therapy

Point mutations of the transthyretin (TTR) gene are related with hereditary amyloidosis (hATTR). The number of people affected by this rare disease is only partially estimated. The real impact of somatic mosaicism and other genetic factors on expressivity, complexity, progression, and transmission of the disease should be better investigated. The relevance of this rare disease is increasing and many efforts have been made to improve the time to diagnosis and to estimate the real number of cases in endemic and non-endemic areas. In this context, somatic mosaicism should be better investigated to explain the complexity of the heterogeneity of the hATTR clinical features, to better estimate the number of new cases, and to focus on early and personalized gene therapy. Gene therapy can potentially improve the living conditions of affected individuals and is one of the central goals in research on amyloidosis related to the TTR gene, with the advantage of overcoming liver transplantation as the sole treatment for hATTR disease.
The effect of children’s prior knowledge and language abilities on their statistical learning

Abstract Statistical learning (SL) is assumed to lead to long-term memory representations. However, the way that those representations influence future learning remains largely unknown. We studied how children’s existing distributional linguistic knowledge influences their subsequent SL on a serial recall task, in which 49 German-speaking seven- to nine-year-old children repeated a series of six-syllable sequences. These contained either (i) bisyllabic words based on frequently occurring German syllable transitions (naturalistic sequences), (ii) bisyllabic words created from unattested syllable transitions (non-naturalistic sequences), or (iii) random syllable combinations (unstructured foils). Children demonstrated learning from naturalistic sequences from the beginning of the experiment, indicating that their implicit memory traces derived from their input language informed learning from the very early stages onward. Exploratory analyses indicated that children with a higher language proficiency were more accurate in repeating the sequences and improved most throughout the study compared to children with lower proficiency.
Sandwich, Triple-Decker and Other Sandwich-like Complexes of Cyclopentadienyl Anions with Lithium or Sodium Cations

Density functional theory, DFT, calculations were carried out on complexes containing cyclopentadienyl anions and lithium or sodium cations; half-sandwich, sandwich and sandwich-like complexes (among them triple-decker ones) are analyzed. Searches performed through the Cambridge Structural Database revealed that crystal structures containing these motifs exist, mostly structures with sodium cations. The DFT calculations performed here include geometry optimization and frequency calculations of the complexes at the ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ level, followed by the partitioning of the energy of interaction via the Energy Decomposition Analysis scheme, EDA, at the BP86-D3/TZ2P level. Additional calculations and analyses were performed using both the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, QTAIM, and the Natural Bond Orbital analyses, NBO. The results of this work show that the electrostatic interaction energy is the most important attractive contribution to the total interaction energy of each of the complex systems analyzed here, and that complexation itself leads to minor electron charge shifts.
PERPENDICULAR DIFFUSION OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES IN NOISY REDUCED MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE

A model for noisy reduced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence was recently proposed. This model was already used to study the random walk of magnetic field lines. In the current article we use the same model to investigate the diffusion of energetic particles across the mean magnetic field. To compute the perpendicular diffusion coefficient, two analytical theories are used, namely, the Non-Linear Guiding Center theory and the Unified Non-Linear Transport (UNLT) theory. It is shown that the two theories provide different results for the perpendicular diffusion coefficient. We also perform test-particle simulations for the aforementioned turbulence model. We show that only the UNLT theory describes perpendicular transport accurately, confirming that this is a powerful tool in diffusion theory.
Progress in Salicylic Acid-Dependent Signaling for Growth–Defense Trade-Off

One grand challenge for studying plant biotic and abiotic stress responses is to optimize plant growth and plasticity under variable environmental constraints, which in the long run benefits agricultural production. However, efforts in promoting plant immunity are often accompanied by compromised morphological “syndromes” such as growth retardation, sterility, and reduced yield. Such a trade-off is dictated by complex signaling driven by secondary messengers and phytohormones. Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known phytohormone essential for basal immunity and systemic acquired resistance. Interestingly, recent updates suggest that external environmental cues, nutrient status, developmental stages, primary metabolism, and breeding strategies attribute an additional layer of control over SA-dependent signaling, and, hence, plant performance against pathogens. In this review, these external and internal factors are summarized, focusing on their specific roles on SA biosynthesis and downstream signaling leading to immunity. A few considerations and future opportunities are highlighted to improve plant fitness with minimal growth compensation.
EMERGENCE OF A BROAD ABSORPTION LINE OUTFLOW IN THE NARROW-LINE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY WPVS 007

We report results from a 2003 Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) observation and reanalysis of a 1996 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observation of the unusual X-ray transient Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy WPVS 007. The HST Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) spectrum revealed mini-BALs (broad absorption lines) with Vmax ∼ 900 km s−1 and FWHM ∼550 km s−1. The FUSE spectrum showed that an additional BAL outflow with Vmax ∼ 6000 km s−1 and FWHM ∼3400 km s−1 had appeared. WPVS 007 is a low-luminosity object in which such a high-velocity outflow is not expected; therefore, it is an outlier on the MV/vmax relationship. Template spectral fitting yielded apparent ionic columns, and a Cloudy analysis showed that the presence of P v requires a high-ionization parameter log(U) ⩾ 0 and high-column density log(NH) ⩾ 23 assuming solar abundances and a nominal spectral energy distribution (SED) for low-luminosity NLS1s with αox = −1.28. A recent long Swift observation revealed the first hard X-ray detection and an intrinsic (unabsorbed) αox ≈ −1.9. Using this SED in our analysis yielded lower column density constraints (log(NH) ⩾ 22.2 for Z = 1, or log(NH) ⩾ 21.6 if Z = 5). The X-ray weak continuum, combined with X-ray absorption consistent with the UV lines, provides the best explanation for the observed Swift X-ray spectrum. The large column densities and velocities implied by the UV data in any of these scenarios could be problematic for radiative acceleration. We also point out that since the observed P v absorption can be explained by lower total column densities using an intrinsically X-ray weak spectrum, we might expect to find P v absorption preferentially more often (or stronger) in quasars that are intrinsically X-ray weak.
The abundance of C18O and HDO in the envelope and hot core of the intermediate mass protostar NGC 7129 FIRS 2

NGC 7129 FIRS 2 is a young intermediate-mass (IM) protostar, which is associated with two energetic bipolar outflows and displays clear signs of the presence of a hot core. It has been extensively observed with ground based telescopes and within the WISH Guaranteed Time Herschel Key Program. We present new observations of the C18O 3-2 and the HDO 3_{12}-2_{21} lines towards NGC 7129 FIRS 2. Combining these observations with Herschel data and modeling their emissions, we constrain the C18O and HDO abundance profiles across the protostellar envelope. In particular, we derive the abundance of C18O and HDO in the hot core. The intensities of the C18O lines are well reproduced assuming that the C18O abundance decreases through the protostellar envelope from the outer edge towards the centre until the point where the gas and dust reach the CO evaporation temperature (~20-25 K) where the C18O is released back to the gas phase. Once the C18O is released to the gas phase, the modelled C18O abundance is found to be ~1.6x10^{-8}, which is a factor of 10 lower than the reference abundance. This result is supported by the non-detection of C18O 9-8, which proves that even in the hot core (T_k>100 K) the CO abundance must be 10 times lower than the reference value. Several scenarios are discussed to explain this C18O deficiency. One possible explanation is that during the pre-stellar and protostellar phase, the CO is removed from the grain mantles by reactions to form more complex molecules. Our HDO modeling shows that the emission of HDO 3_{12}-2_{21} line is maser and comes from the hot core (T_k>100 K). Assuming the physical structure derived by Crimier et al. (2010), we determine a HDO abundance of ~0.4 - 1x10^{-7} in the hot core of this IM protostar, similar to that found in the hot corinos NGC 1333 IRAS 2A and IRAS 16293-2422.
Circumbinary habitability niches

Abstract Binaries could provide the best niches for life in the Galaxy. Although counterintuitive, this assertion follows directly from stellar tidal interaction theory and the evolution of lower mass stars. There is strong evidence that chromospheric activity of rapidly rotating young stars may be high enough to cause mass loss from atmospheres of potentially habitable planets. The removal of atmospheric water is most critical. Tidal breaking in binaries could help reduce magnetic dynamo action and thereby chromospheric activity in favour of life. We call this the Binary Habitability Mechanism (BHM) that we suggest allows for water retention at levels comparable to or better than the Earth. We discuss novel advantages that life may exploit, in these cases, and suggest that life may even thrive on some circumbinary planets. We find that while many binaries do not benefit from BHM, high-quality niches do exist for various combinations of stars between 0.55 and 1.0 solar masses. For a given pair of stellar masses, BHM operates only for certain combinations of period and eccentricity. Binaries having a solar-type primary seem to be quite well-suited niches having wide and distant habitable zones with plentiful water and sufficient light for photosynthetic life. We speculate that, as a direct result of BHM, conditions may be suitable for life on several planets and possibly even moons of giant planets orbiting some binaries. Lower mass combinations, while more restrictive in parameter space, provide niches lasting many billions of years and are rich suppliers of photosynthetic photons. We provide a publicly available web-site (http://bit.ly/BHM-calculator or http://bit.ly/BHM-calculator-mirror), which calculates the BHM effects presented in this paper.
A delayed radiation-induced necrotic lesion in the brainstem mimicking tumor recurrence confirmed by stereotactic biopsy: a case report and literature review

It to differentiate radiation necrosis (RN) from tumor recurrence because these conditions require different treatments. Despite the use of various imaging techniques, this distinction remains difficult due to the high heterogeneity of brain tissue. Stereotactic biopsy is still considered the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis of RN despite its invasiveness. However, if the location of the lesion is in the brainstem, stereotactic biopsy is very difficult to even for skillful surgeons. We herein report a case of a 24-year-old male with a history of medulloblastoma at the age of 5, who presented with distinct gait disturbance and dysarthria at a regular visit. The initial radiological diagnosis of a brain mass was recurrent medulloblastoma. Considering the initial diagnosis, additional radiotherapy was considered. Nevertheless, the chance of the mass being RN could not be eliminated. Despite the high risk due to the location of the lesion, a frame-based stereotactic biopsy was performed. The pathological diagnosis after the biopsy confirmed the lesion as RN. This case illustrates the importance of stereotactic biopsy in differentiating between tumor recurrence and RN, even when the location of the lesion makes it challenging.
Translating spaces and memories of migration: the case of the Red Star Line Museum

ABSTRACT This article examines the construction and transmission of memory in the Red Star Line Museum in Antwerp, Belgium. The museum, which opened in 2013 in the historic buildings of the shipping company, presents itself as a unique lieu de mémoire, harbouring the stories of the many Europeans who migrated across the Atlantic in the early 20th century. We concentrate on a Translation Studies perspective to chart and interconnect the various levels of memory-work in this museum. Drawing on broader definitions of translation as cultural transfer and mnemonic mediation, and linking these to the narrow concept of translation ‘proper’, our analysis demonstrates how the museum functions as a local repository for transnational memories. Moreover, it shows how the museum becomes a catalyst for the further travelling of these memories. The focus lies on the museum’s use of spatiality to translate personal memories of migration for a contemporary audience. It is the physical sensation of shared spaces – authentic or reconstructed – and the palimpsestic movement through those spaces that help visitors gain a tangible sense of what happened there. Interlingual translations of gallery texts are vital for the worldwide circulation of the stories, but occasionally cause shifts in the spatial–temporal framework.
A UV TO MID-IR STUDY OF AGN SELECTION

We classify the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 431,038 sources in the 9 deg2 Boötes field of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS). There are up to 17 bands of data available per source, including ultraviolet (GALEX), optical (NDWFS), near-IR (NEWFIRM), and mid-infrared (IRAC and MIPS) data, as well as spectroscopic redshifts for ∼20,000 objects, primarily from the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey. We fit galaxy, active galactic nucleus (AGN), stellar, and brown dwarf templates to the observed SEDs, which yield spectral classes for the Galactic sources and photometric redshifts and galaxy/AGN luminosities for the extragalactic sources. The photometric redshift precision of the galaxy and AGN samples are σ/(1 + z) = 0.040 and σ/(1 + z) = 0.169, respectively, with the worst 5% outliers excluded. On the basis of the of the SED fit for each SED model, we are able to distinguish between Galactic and extragalactic sources for sources brighter than I = 23.5 mag. We compare the SED fits for a galaxy-only model and a galaxy–AGN model. Using known X-ray and spectroscopic AGN samples, we confirm that SED fitting can be successfully used as a method to identify large populations of AGNs, including spatially resolved AGNs with significant contributions from the host galaxy and objects with the emission line ratios of “composite” spectra. We also use our results to compare with the X-ray, mid-IR, optical color, and emission line ratio selection techniques. For an F-ratio threshold of F > 10, we find 16,266 AGN candidates brighter than I = 23.5 mag and a surface density of ∼1900 AGN deg−2.
End-Use Quality of Historical and Modern Winter Wheats Adapted to the Great Plains of the United States

Improving milling and baking properties is important during wheat breeding. To determine changes in milling and baking quality of hard winter wheat, 23 adapted cultivars released in the Great Plains between 1870 and 2013 were grown in triplicate in a single location (Mead, NE, USA) over two crop years (2018 and 2019). Grain yield and kernel hardness index increased by release year (p < 0.05). The observed increase in hardness index was accompanied by a decrease in percent soft kernels (p < 0.05). Diameter and weight decreased with release year in 2019 (p < 0.05), and their standard deviation increased with the release year (p < 0.05). Flour protein content decreased with release year (p < 0.05) and dough mixing quality increased (p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found for baking property variables, but bran water retention capacity (BWRC), which is correlated with whole wheat bread quality, increased with release year (p < 0.05). In conclusion, wheat kernels have become harder but more variable in shape over a century of breeding. Mixing quality showed significant improvements, and loaf volume and firmness remained constant, even in the presence of a decrease in protein concentration. Bran quality decreased across release year, which may have implications for whole grain baking quality and milling productivity.
Role of Demyelination in the Persistence of Neurological and Mental Impairments after COVID-19

Long-term neurological and mental complications of COVID-19, the so-called post-COVID syndrome or long COVID, affect the quality of life. The most persistent manifestations of long COVID include fatigue, anosmia/hyposmia, insomnia, depression/anxiety, and memory/attention deficits. The physiological basis of neurological and psychiatric disorders is still poorly understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge of neurological sequelae in post-COVID patients and discusses brain demyelination as a possible mechanism of these complications with a focus on neuroimaging findings. Numerous reviews, experimental and theoretical studies consider brain demyelination as one of the mechanisms of the central neural system impairment. Several factors might cause demyelination, such as inflammation, direct effect of the virus on oligodendrocytes, and cerebrovascular disorders, inducing myelin damage. There is a contradiction between the solid fundamental basis underlying demyelination as the mechanism of the neurological injuries and relatively little published clinical evidence related to demyelination in COVID-19 patients. The reason for this probably lies in the fact that most clinical studies used conventional MRI techniques, which can detect only large, clearly visible demyelinating lesions. A very limited number of studies use specific methods for myelin quantification detected changes in the white matter tracts 3 and 10 months after the acute phase of COVID-19. Future research applying quantitative MRI assessment of myelin in combination with neurological and psychological studies will help in understanding the mechanisms of post-COVID complications associated with demyelination.
A 13.7μJ/prediction 88% Accuracy CIFAR-10 Single-Chip Wired-logic Processor in 16-nm FPGA using Non-Linear Neural Network

• In this study, we propose a 13.7mJ/prediction 88% accuracy CIFAR-10 single-chip wired-logic processor in 16-nm FPGA by utilizing a newly developed 98%-pruned ultra-sparse, binary-weight nonlinear neural network (NNN) and a shift-register based pipelined wired-logic architecture. Compared with the state-of-the-art FPGA-based processor, 2,036 times better energy efficiency is achieved.
Production of D-mesons in $p$+$p$ and $p$+Pb collisions at LHC energies

We present theoretical model comparison with published ALICE results for D-mesons (D$^0$, D$^+$ and D$^{*+}$) in $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and $p$+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. Event generator HIJING, transport calculation of AMPT and calculations from NLO(MNR) and FONLL have been used for this study. We found that HIJING and AMPT model predictions are matching with published D-meson cross-sections in $p$+$p$ collisions, while both under-predict the same in $p$+Pb collisions. Attempts were made to explain the $R_{pPb}$ data using NLO-pQCD(MNR), FONLL and other above mentioned models.
Multiple cosmic collisions and the microwave background power spectrum

Collisions between cosmic bubbles of different vacua are a generic feature of false vacuum eternal inflation scenarios. While previous studies have focused on the consequences of a single collision event in an observer's past, we begin here an investigation of the more general scenario allowing for many "mild" collisions intersecting our past light cone (and one another). We discuss the general features of multiple collision scenarios and consider their impact on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature power spectrum, treating the collisions perturbatively. In a large class of models, one can approximate a multiple collision scenario as a superposition of individual collision events governed by nearly isotropic and scale-invariant distributions, most appearing to take up less than half of the sky. In this case, the shape of the expected CMB temperature spectrum maintains statistical isotropy and typically features a dramatic increase in power in the low multipoles relative to that of the best-fit $\Lambda$CDM model, which is in tension particularly with the observed quadrupole. We argue that this predicted spectrum is largely model-independent and can be used to outline features of the underlying statistical distributions of colliding bubbles consistent with CMB temperature measurements.