Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fireworks Algorithm Based on Transfer Spark for Evolutionary Multitasking

In recent years, lots of multifactorial optimization evolutionary algorithms have been developed to optimize multiple tasks simultaneously, which improves the overall efficiency using implicit genetic complementarity between different tasks. In this paper, a novel multitask fireworks algorithm is proposed with novel transfer sparks to solve multitask optimization problems. For each task, some transfer sparks would be generated with adaptive length and promising direction vector, which are very helpful to transfer useful genetic information between different tasks. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared against some chosen state-of-the-art evolutionary multitasking algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides better performance on several single objectives and multiobjective MTO test suites.
Loneliness Modulates Automatic Attention to Warm and Competent Faces: Preliminary Evidence From an Eye-Tracking Study

Social connections are essential for human survival. Loneliness is a motivational factor for building and maintaining social connections. Automatic attention occurs with little cognitive effort and plays a key role in detecting biologically salient events, such as human faces. Although previous studies have investigated the effect of loneliness on social behavior, the effect of loneliness on automatic attention to human faces remains largely unknown. The present study investigated the effects of loneliness on automatic visual attention to warmth and competence facial information, which determines facial attraction. This study included 43 participants who rated warmth and competence facial information. Then, they engaged with the target-distractor paradigm in which they saw two house images at the top and bottom and indicated whether the images were identical. During the task, we presented two faces as distractors and measured visual attention toward the faces as automatic attention because participants did not have to attend to the faces. The results showed an interactive effect between subjective loneliness and facial information on automatic attention. Warm targets automatically captured the attention of people feeling relatively lonely, whereas competent targets automatically captured the attention of those who felt less lonely. These results suggest that loneliness adaptively influences automatic processing of social information.
Application of a Reverse Genetic System for Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus to Study Rz1 Resistance Response in Sugar Beet

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is causal agent of rhizomania disease, which is the most devastating viral disease in sugar beet production leading to a dramatic reduction in beet yield and sugar content. The virus is transmitted by the ubiquitous distributed soil-borne plasmodiophoromycete Polymyxa betae that infects the root tissue of young sugar beet plants. Rz1 is the major resistance gene widely used in most sugar beet varieties to control BNYVV. The strong selection pressure on the virus population promoted the development of strains that can overcome Rz1 resistance. Resistance-breaking has been associated with mutations in the RNA3-encoded pathogenicity factor P25 at amino acid positions 67–70 (tetrad) as well as with the presence of an additional RNA component (RNA5). However, respective studies investigating the resistance-breaking mechanism by a reverse genetic system are rather scarce. Therefore, we studied Rz1 resistance-breaking in sugar beet using a recently developed infectious clone of BNYVV A-type. A vector free infection system for the inoculation of young sugar beet seedlings was established. This assay allowed a clear separation between a susceptible and a Rz1 resistant genotype by measuring the virus content in lateral roots at 52 dpi. However, mechanical inoculation of sugar beet leaves led to the occurrence of genotype independent local lesions, suggesting that Rz1 mediates a root specific resistance toward BNYVV that is not active in leaves. Mutation analysis demonstrated that different motifs within the P25 tetrad enable increased virus replication in roots of the resistant genotype. The resistance-breaking ability was further confirmed by the visualization of BNYVV in lateral roots and leaves using a fluorescent-labeled complementary DNA clone of RNA2. Apart from that, reassortment experiments evidenced that RNA5 enables Rz1 resistance-breaking independent of the P25 tetrad motif. Finally, we could identify a new resistance-breaking mutation, which was selected by high-throughput sequencing of a clonal virus population after one host passage in a resistant genotype. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the reverse genetic system for resistance-breaking analysis and illustrates the genome plasticity of BNYVV allowing the virus to adapt rapidly to sugar beet resistance traits.
Altered Levels and Isoforms of Tau and Nuclear Membrane Invaginations in Huntington’s Disease

Since the early reports of neurofibrillary Tau pathology in brains of some Huntington’s disease (HD) patients, mounting evidence of multiple alterations of Tau in HD brain tissue has emerged in recent years. Such Tau alterations range from increased total levels, imbalance of isoforms generated by alternative splicing (increased 4R-/3R-Tau ratio) or by post-translational modifications such as hyperphosphorylation or truncation. Besides, the detection in HD brains of a new Tau histopathological hallmark known as Tau nuclear rods (TNRs) or Tau-positive nuclear indentations (TNIs) led to propose HD as a secondary Tauopathy. After their discovery in HD brains, TNIs have also been reported in hippocampal neurons of early Braak stage AD cases and in frontal and temporal cortical neurons of FTD-MAPT cases due to the intronic IVS10+16 mutation in the Tau gene (MAPT) which results in an increased 4R-/3R-Tau ratio similar to that observed in HD. TNIs are likely pathogenic for contributing to the disturbed nucleocytoplasmic transport observed in HD. A key question is whether correction of any of the mentioned Tau alterations might have positive therapeutic implications for HD. The beneficial effect of decreasing Tau expression in HD mouse models clearly implicates Tau in HD pathogenesis. Such beneficial effect might be exerted by diminishing the excess total levels of Tau or specifically by diminishing the excess 4R-Tau, as well as any of their downstream effects. In any case, since gene silencing drugs are under development to attenuate both Huntingtin (HTT) expression for HD and MAPT expression for FTD-MAPT, it is conceivable that the combined therapy in HD patients might be more effective than HTT silencing alone.
Different Effects of Premature Infant Formula and Breast Milk on Intestinal Microecological Development in Premature Infants

Intestinal microecology has been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases through different pathways, and the intestinal microecology of premature infants is significantly different from full-term infants. Intestinal microecology in premature infants is affected by various factors such as gestational age, diet, antibiotic use. However, there are few studies focus on the effects of diet on intestinal microecological development in premature infants. This study explored the different effects of the formula milk (FM) and breast milk (BM) for the development of intestinal microecology in premature infants. The results showed that BM feeding increases the alpha diversity of the intestinal flora, however, FM feeding contributes to the increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut of preterm infants. The growth environment has an important influence on the β diversity of intestinal microecology, the genomic function, and the evolution of intestinal microecology in premature infants. The intestinal microecology in premature infants is significantly associated with gestational age and weight gain. This study explored the effects of feeding methods and growth environment on intestinal microecology in premature infants, and provided a basis for promoting the healthy development of premature infants.
Comparison of Three Xylose Pathways in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for the Synthesis of Valuable Products

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a well-established chassis in industrial biotechnology. To increase the substrate spectrum, we implemented three alternative xylose utilization pathways, namely the Isomerase, Weimberg, and Dahms pathways. The synthetic operons contain genes from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas taiwanensis. For isolating the Dahms pathway in P. putida KT2440 two genes (PP_2836 and PP_4283), encoding an endogenous enzyme of the Weimberg pathway and a regulator for glycolaldehyde degradation, were deleted. Before and after adaptive laboratory evolution, these strains were characterized in terms of growth and synthesis of mono-rhamnolipids and pyocyanin. The engineered strain using the Weimberg pathway reached the highest maximal growth rate of 0.30 h−1. After adaptive laboratory evolution the lag phase was reduced significantly. The highest titers of 720 mg L−1 mono-rhamnolipids and 30 mg L−1 pyocyanin were reached by the evolved strain using the Weimberg or an engineered strain using the Isomerase pathway, respectively. The different stoichiometries of the three xylose utilization pathways may allow engineering of tailored chassis for valuable bioproduct synthesis.
Defensive Responses of Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) Against Tea Green Leafhopper Attack: A Multi-Omics Study

Tea green leafhopper [Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda] is one of the most devastating pests of tea plants (Camellia sinensis), greatly impacting tea yield and quality. A thorough understanding of the interactions between the tea green leafhopper and the tea plant would facilitate a better pest management. To gain more insights into the molecular and biochemical mechanisms behind their interactions, a combined analysis of the global transcriptome and metabolome reconfiguration of the tea plant challenged with tea green leafhoppers was performed for the first time, complemented with phytohormone analysis. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF MS), together with quantifications by ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ MS), revealed a marked accumulation of various flavonoid compounds and glycosidically bound volatiles but a great reduction in the level of amino acids and glutathione upon leaf herbivory. RNA-Seq data analysis showed a clear modulation of processes related to plant defense. Genes pertaining to the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, plant-pathogen interactions, and the biosynthesis of cuticle wax were significantly up-regulated. In particular, the transcript level for a CER1 homolog involved in cuticular wax alkane formation was most drastically elevated and an increase in C29 alkane levels in tea leaf waxes was observed. The tea green leafhopper attack triggered a significant increase in salicylic acid (SA) and a minor increase in jasmonic acid (JA) in infested tea leaves. Moreover, transcription factors (TFs) constitute a large portion of differentially expressed genes, with several TFs families likely involved in SA and JA signaling being significantly induced by tea green leafhopper feeding. This study presents a valuable resource for uncovering insect-induced genes and metabolites, which can potentially be used to enhance insect resistance in tea plants.
Radiological Mapping of Post-Disaster Nuclear Environments Using Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Study From Chornobyl

In the immediate aftermath following a large-scale release of radioactive material into the environment, it is necessary to determine the spatial distribution of radioactivity quickly. At present, this is conducted by utilizing manned aircraft equipped with large-volume radiation detection systems. Whilst these are capable of mapping large areas quickly, they suffer from a low spatial resolution due to the operating altitude of the aircraft. They are also expensive to deploy and their manned nature means that the operators are still at risk of exposure to potentially harmful ionizing radiation. Previous studies have identified the feasibility of utilizing unmanned aerial systems (UASs) in monitoring radiation in post-disaster environments. However, the majority of these systems suffer from a limited range or are too heavy to be easily integrated into regulatory restrictions that exist on the deployment of UASs worldwide. This study presents a new radiation mapping UAS based on a lightweight (8 kg) fixed-wing unmanned aircraft and tests its suitability to mapping post-disaster radiation in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). The system is capable of continuous flight for more than 1 h and can resolve small scale changes in dose-rate in high resolution (sub-20 m). It is envisaged that with some minor development, these systems could be utilized to map large areas of hazardous land without exposing a single operator to a harmful dose of ionizing radiation.
Report on conductance based point neurons (with minimal number of ion channels) with parameter sets for 4 prominent neuron types in the FACETS database

We review here the development of Hodgkin– Huxley (HH) type models of cerebral cortex and thalamic neurons for network simulations. The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of cortical neurons were analyzed from several preparations, and we selected the four most prominent electrophysiological classes of neurons. These four classes are “fast spiking”, “regular spiking”, “intrinsically bursting” and “low-threshold spike” cells. For each class, we fit “minimal” HH type models to experimental data. The models contain the minimal set of voltage-dependent currents to account for the data. To obtain models as generic as possible, we used data from different preparations in vivo and in vitro, such as rat somatosensory cortex and thalamus, guinea-pig visual and frontal cortex, ferret visual cortex, cat visual cortex and cat association cortex. For two cell classes, we used automatic fitting procedures applied to several cells, which revealed substantial cell-to-cell variability within each class. The selection of such cellular models constitutes a necessary step towards building network simulations of the thalamocortical system with realistic cellular dynamical properties. M. Pospischil · C. Monier · Z. Piwkowska · T. Bal · Y. Frégnac · A. Destexhe Unité de Neurosciences Intégratives et Computationnelles (UNIC), CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France M. Toledo-Rodriguez Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK H. Markram Brain and Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland A. Destexhe (B) UNIC, Bat 33, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France e-mail: Destexhe@unic.cnrs-gif.fr; destexhe@iaf.cnrs-gif.fr
A Study to Determine the Effect of Turkish Customers Cultural Values on Restaurant Preferences

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Turkish customers' cultural values on restaurant preferences. In the study that quantitative research design was used, data were collected by questionnaire technique. The sample group of the study consists of 384 Turkish customers living in New York City, United States of America. Factor, reliability, percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. At the final stage of the data analysis, the distribution of the data was reviewed to determine which tests to be used to determine the differences. It was seen that the data used in the study did not exhibit normal distribution and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests, which are non-parametric tests, were applied for the difference analysis. It is found that the customers in the sample take their cultural values into consideration when making a restaurant choice according to the results of the study. On the other hand, it was determined that the personnel dimension was the most effective among the opinions about their cultural values which were determined to have an impact on the restaurant preferences of the customers. It was also concluded that the opinions about the impact of their cultural values on the restaurant preferences of the customers demonstrated a significant difference according to some demographic variables.
Taking parametric assumptions seriously

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Recurrent Neuro-Sweet Disease Associated with Preceding Upper Respiratory Infection: a Case Study

Sweet’s syndrome also referred to as acute neutrophilic dermatosis was first described by Robert Douglas Sweet in 1964 (1). This unusual inflammatory disorder is characterized by fever, malaise, leukocytosis, and distinctive skin lesions. Painful erythematous plaques usually affect the face, neck, upper body, and limbs. Skin biopsies show dense dermal infiltration of neutrophils without any histological signs of vasculitis (2). Sweet’s syndrome is known to involve multiple organs though central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare. When the CNS is involved, it is called Neuro-Sweet disease (NSD). NSD is considered a distinct entity and separate diagnostic criteria was proposed and adopted that accounts for idiopathic encephalitis and meningitis (3). Here we report on a case of relapsing NSD associated with a prior upper respiratory infection (URI), discuss indicators in the imaging results, and briefly review the literature.
Stock Market's Assessment of Monetary Policy Transmission: The Cash Flow Effect

We show that firm liability structure and associated cash flow matter for firm behavior, and that financial market participants price stocks accordingly. Looking at firm level stock price changes around monetary policy announcements, we find that firms that have more cash flow exposure see their stock prices affected more. The stock price reaction depends on the maturity and type of debt issued by the firm, and the forward guidance provided by the Fed. This effect has remained intact during the ZLB period. Importantly, we show that the effect is not a rule of thumb behavior outcome and that the marginal stock market participant actually studies and reacts to the liability structure of firm balance sheets. The cash flow exposure at the time of monetary policy actions predicts future net worth, investment, and assets, verifying the stock pricing decision and also providing evidence of cash flow effects on firms' real behavior. The results hold for S&P500 firms that are usually thought of not being subject to tight financial constraints.
Confronting EFT with artificial neural networks in the quest for physics beyond the Standard Model Probing new paths for measuring dimension-6 operators in top-quark physics at LHC

As no sign of physics beyond the Standard Model has emerged at the Large Hadron Collider so far, high precision measurements of particle properties and couplings become increasingly interesting. A commonly used language to interpret these measurements is effective field theory, in which higher-dimensional operators are added to the Standard Model. Traditional approaches most commonly set constraints on anomalous couplings by employing and combining unfolded measurements. In this master thesis, novel analysis methods to be used in conjunction with effective field theory are introduced and tested. The analysis methods are built upon the usage of deep neural networks, which learn truth information from Monte Carlo simulation in order to use this knowledge on measured data. Using either classification or one of two different forms of regression, the deep neural networks are parameterized for the hypothesis and trained to predict the likelihood ratio on 18 observables. The expected sensitivity resulting from test scenarios indicates strong improvements over classic approaches, as the new methods provide stronger constraints of at least a factor of 5.
Governance in tourist destinations: challenges in modern Society

The topic of tourism governance in tourist destinations has been widely discussed in the literature and, although many benefits have been recognized, studies have shown that there are still structural gaps. Therefore, based on a conjunctural analysis of different factors identified in the literature, the objective of this paper is to discuss the main challenges of building governance capacity in tourist destinations. In order to understand how to preserve tourist destinations, understanding how to manage them, while also considering their weaknesses, is vital. To this end, this study used the ProKnow-C methodology, which involved a review of both domestic and international scientific journals that are rated between B1 and A1 by Capes. The study revealed that the main challenges to tourism governance can be divided into one of two categories: institutional and organizational. The former refers to issues related to the State, whereas the latter refers to the relationships among stakeholders who participate in tourism governance. Thus, we conclude that institutional and organizational challenges should be broken in favor of a conjunctural, not structural, reading of reality.
ENTREPRENEURIAL STRATEGY-MAKING MODE AND ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF INTERNET BUSINESS IN MALAYSIA

The aim of this research is to elucidate the impact of entrepreneurial strategy-making mode (ESM) on the organisational performance of Internet business in Malaysia. Internet business today is facing major transformations mainly due to increased competition, changes in consumer behaviour, and technological advancements. Poor strategy development of Internet entrepreneurs has been linked to the failure of Internet business. Organisational and environmental factors are among the factors that have an impact on strategy-making mode and organisational performance of Internet business, which needs to be clarified as some Internet businesses fail and others are successful. As Internet business is an important growth engine in Malaysia nowadays, a potentially good ESM can be discovered to develop Malaysian Internet business. As such, this article includes a discussion of the background and the uniqueness of Internet business, as well as highlights the factors that will affect the ESM on the organisational performance of Internet business. The paper discuss that the implementation of effective strategy making could deliver a number of potential benefits to Internet entrepreneurs. The key contribution of this study is the empirical evidence on the importance of being entrepreneurial among Internet business in Malaysia.
Dietary Quality after Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease

Dietary saturated and cholesterol are the cause of atherosclerosis and of calories from saturated fat, while 64% consumed 10 - 13% of calories from saturated fat. Conclusions : In this study, most of the CHD patients got low DQI scores. In general, CHD can be prevented. However, if precautions regarding lifestyle modification are not followed, CHD is expected to progress.