Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence, functional properties, and preparation of 3-fucosyllactose, one of the smallest human milk oligosaccharides

Abstract Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are receiving wide interest and high attention due to their health benefits, especially for newborns. The HMOs-fortified products are expected to mimic human milk not only in the kinds of added oligosaccharides components but also the appropriate proportion between these components, and further provide the nutrition and physiological effects of human milk to newborns as closely as possible. In comparison to intensively studied 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) has less attention in almost all respects. Nerveless, 3-FL naturally occurs in breast milk and increases roughly over the course of lactation with a nonnegligible content, and plays an irreplaceable role in human milk and delivers functional properties to newborns. According to the safety evaluation, 3-FL shows no acute oral toxicity, genetic toxicity, and subchronic toxicity. It has been approved as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Biological production of 3-FL can be realized by enzymatic and cell factory approaches. The α1,3- or α1,3/4-fucosyltransferase is the key enzyme for 3-FL biosynthesis. Various metabolic engineering strategies have been applied to enhance 3-FL yield using cell factory approach. In conclusion, this review gives an overview of the recent scientific literatures regarding occurrence, bioactive properties, safety evaluation, and biotechnological preparation of 3-FL.
Metabolically Defined Body Size Phenotypes and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Abstract Background: Obesity is a risk factor for endometrial cancer but whether metabolic dysfunction is associated with endometrial cancer independent of body size is not known. Methods: The association of metabolically defined body size phenotypes with endometrial cancer risk was investigated in a nested case–control study (817 cases/ 817 controls) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Concentrations of C-peptide were used to define metabolically healthy (MH; <1st tertile) and metabolically unhealthy (MU; ≥1st tertile) status among the control participants. These metabolic health definitions were combined with normal weight (NW); body mass index (BMI)<25 kg/m2 or waist circumference (WC)<80 cm or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)<0.8) and overweight (OW; BMI≥25 kg/m2 or WC≥80 cm or WHR≥0.8) status, generating four phenotype groups for each anthropometric measure: (i) MH/NW, (ii) MH/OW, (iii) MU/NW, and (iv) MU/OW. Results: In a multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression model, compared with MH/NW individuals, endometrial cancer risk was higher among those classified as MU/NW [ORWC, 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–2.10 and ORWHR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.21–2.35] and MU/OW (ORBMI, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.73–3.27; ORWC, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.92–3.77 and ORWHR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32–2.54). MH/OW individuals were also at increased endometrial cancer risk compared with MH/NW individuals (ORWC, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.24–3.04). Conclusions: Women with metabolic dysfunction appear to have higher risk of endometrial cancer regardless of their body size. However, OW status raises endometrial cancer risk even among women with lower insulin levels, suggesting that obesity-related pathways are relevant for the development of this cancer beyond insulin. Impact: Classifying women by metabolic health may be of greater utility in identifying those at higher risk for endometrial cancer than anthropometry per se.
High and stable ATP levels prevent aberrant intracellular protein aggregation in yeast

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at millimolar levels has recently been implicated in the solubilization of cellular proteins. However, the significance of this high ATP level under physiological conditions and the mechanisms that maintain ATP remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and adenylate kinase (ADK) cooperated to maintain cellular ATP levels regardless of glucose levels. Single-cell imaging of ATP-reduced yeast mutants revealed that ATP levels in these mutants underwent stochastic and transient depletion, which promoted the cytotoxic aggregation of endogenous proteins and pathogenic proteins, such as huntingtin and α-synuclein. Moreover, pharmacological elevations in ATP levels in an ATP-reduced mutant prevented the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and its cytotoxicity. The present study demonstrates that cellular ATP homeostasis ensures proteostasis and revealed that suppressing the high volatility of cellular ATP levels prevented cytotoxic protein aggregation, implying that AMPK and ADK are important factors that prevent proteinopathies, such as neurodegenerative diseases.
The special role of middle childhood in self‐control development: Longitudinal and genetic evidence

Abstract Despite the importance of self‐control for well‐being and adjustment, its development from early childhood to early adolescence has been relatively understudied. We addressed the development of mother‐reported self‐control in what is likely the largest and longest longitudinal twin study of the topic to this day (N = 1889 individual children with data from at least one of five waves: ages 3, 5, 6.5, 8–9 and 11 years). We examined rank‐order change in self‐control from early childhood to early adolescence, genetic and environmental contributions to variance in the trait and differential developmental trajectories. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to change and stability was also examined. Results point at middle childhood as a period of potential transition and change. During this period the rank‐order stability of self‐control increases, heritability rates substantially rise, and a cross‐over occurs in two of the self‐control trajectories. Nonadditive genetic effects contribute to both stability and change in self‐control while the nonshared environment contributes mostly to change, with no effect for the shared environment. Our findings suggest that new genetic factors, that emerge around age 6.5 and whose effect on self‐control is carried on along development, may partially account for changes in self‐control around late middle childhood, and explain the growing stability in the trait approaching early adolescence. We discuss the implications of the special role of middle childhood for self‐control development.
Effect of elbow angle and weight‐bearing on the evaluation of joint congruence in dogs

Joint congruence is relevant for the assessment of elbow dysplasia, a development disorder in dogs. However, quantification of its variation with joint angle and weight‐bearing, important factors in quadrupedal locomotion, is lacking. Our objective was to estimate those effects on the alignment of humeroradioulnar joint surfaces. The usual protocol for screening elbow dysplasia, including mediolateral extended and flexed elbow views, was preceded by a weight‐bearing lateromedial standing radiographic view, without sedation. Minimum distances were measured at established points of the humeroradioulnar joints classified with a Grade 0 dysplasia. Sixty elbows (30 Portuguese Pointer dogs) were studied. The joint space between the anconeal process and the ulnar trochlear notch increased with flexion, decreasing with weight‐bearing (p < .001). The distance between the humeral trochlea and the trochlear notch at the widest point increased with weight‐bearing, while it decreased with flexion. Step and distance between the radial head and the base of the medial coronoid process increased with flexion and decreased with weight‐bearing. At this point, physiological changes occurred at the humeroulnar joint space. The methodology allowed to quantify the variations on joint spaces with the elbow angle and weight‐bearing, important for the interpretation of congruence in diagnosis and treatment of dysplasia. Reference absolute and indexed values obtained allow future comparisons with other breeds and dysplastic dogs. Physiological variations denoted that radioulnar joint became more incongruent under flexion, and more congruent under weight‐bearing, while humeroulnar joint became more congruent under flexion, and more incongruent under weight‐bearing.
LncRNA H19 acts as miR-301a-3p sponge to alleviate lung injury in mice with sepsis by regulating Adcy1

Abstract Background The abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is closely related to disease progression. However, the role and mechanism of lncRNA H19 (lncH19) in sepsis-induced lung injury remain to be elucidated. Methods Cercal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice models and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell injury model was used to construct sepsis-induced lung injury in vivo and in vitro. The expression of lncH19, microRNA (miR)-301a-3p, and adenylate cyclase 1 (Adcy1) mRNA was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. The concentrations of inflammatory factors were determined by ELISA assay. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU staining, and flow cytometry. The protein expression of apoptosis markers and Adcy1 was examined by western blot analysis. Oxidative stress was assessed by detecting the contents of oxidative stress markers. The interaction between miR-301a-3p and lncH19 or Adcy1 was confirmed using RNA pull-down assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and RIP assay. Results LncH19 was lowly expressed in CLP mice models and LPS-induced cell injury models. Overexpressed lncH19 could alleviate CLP-induced lung injury in mice, as well as LPS-induced cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. MiR-301a-3p could be sponged by lncH19, and its overexpression could reverse the inhibition of lncH19 on LPS-induced cell injury. Adcy1 was a target of miR-301a-3p, and its expression was upregulated by lncH19. Silencing of Adcy1 could abolish the suppressive effect of the miR-301a-3p inhibitor on LPS-induced cell injury. Conclusion LncH19 might inhibit sepsis-induced lung injury by acting as a sponge of miR-301a-3p to upregulate Adcy1. HIGHLIGHTS LncH19 overexpression relieves CLP-induced lung injury and LPS-induced cell injury. LncH19 directly sponges miR-301a-3p. MiR-301a-3p targets Adcy1.
A Longitudinal Study on the Evolution of the Four Main Football Leagues Using Artificial Intelligence: Analysis of the Differences in English Premier League Teams

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of the four most important leagues and to identify if there are differences between the English Premier League and the rest of the European leagues. Methods: Each team was characterized according to a set of 52 variables including offensive, defensive, and buildup 10 variables that were computed from OPTA’s on-ball event records of the matches for main national leagues between the 2014 and 2018 seasons. To test the evolution of leagues, the t-SNE dimensionality reduction technique was used. To better understand the differences between leagues and teams, the most discriminating variables were obtained as a set of rules discovered by RIPPER, a machine learning algorithm. Results: The evolution of playing styles has meant that teams in the major European leagues seem to 15 be approaching homogeneity of technical-tactical behavior. Despite this, a distinction can be seen between the English teams concerning the rest of the teams in the other leagues, determined by fewer free kicks, fewer long passes but more vertical, more errors in ball control but greater success in dribbling. Conclusions: These results provide important knowledge and practical applications because of the study of the different variables and performance indicators among the best football championships
Cerebrospinal fluid leak management in anterior basal skull fractures secondary to head trauma

ABSTRACT Objective To summarize the presentation, diagnosis, and management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in the setting of traumatic anterior skull base fracture. Methods Wide literature research has been performed as well as the authors’ own clinical experience has been summarized. Results Articles from the most recent 30 years have been reviewed and a typical case of our own has been presented. Based on the most updated evidence, a treatment algorithm for CSF leaks has been proposed. Conclusion Anterior skull base fracture accounts for about 4% of all head injuries and CSF leaks is a complication that commonly presents with clear fluid emanating from the nasal passage. A positive beta-2-transferrin study is highly specific for diagnosis, while thin-slice CT scanning and MRI cisternography are also useful tools. The majority of the CSF leaks tend to be resolved spontaneously, and conservative management is attempted first with or without the augmentation of a lumbar drain. Surgical management mainly includes open surgery and endoscopic surgery, which have their own pros and cons.
Impact of home-based cognitive or academic intervention on working memory and mathematics outcomes in pediatric brain tumor survivors: the Keys to Succeed pilot randomized controlled clinical trial

ABSTRACT Pediatric brain tumour survivors experience deficits in mathematics and working memory. An open question is whether it is most optimal to target direct cognitive skills (i.e. working memory) or focus on specific academic outcomes (i.e. mathematics) for in remediation. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to determine the feasibility of comparing a working memory versus mathematics intervention. Pediatric brain tumor survivors (7-17 years) were randomly assigned to Cogmed or JumpMath interventions, or an Active Control/Reading group. All participants received Educational Liaison support and completed ~12-weeks of home-based intervention with weekly, telephone-based consultation in one of the three conditions. Standardized assessments of auditory and visual working memory, mathematics calculation and reasoning were completed pre- and post- intervention. Twenty-nine participants completed the interventions; 94% of parents reported a high degree of satisfaction with the interventions and ease of implementation. Participants in JumpMath demonstrated improved mathematics calculation from pre- to post- intervention (p=0.02). Further, participants in both Cogmed and JumpMath showed evidence of pre- to post- intervention improvements in auditory working memory relative to controls (p=0.01). The Cogmed group also showed improvements in visual working memory (p=0.03). Findings suggest that targeted intervention is feasible in survivors of pediatric brain tumors, though with a relatively low recruitment rate. With preliminary findings of improved calculation and working memory following JumpMath and working memory following Cogmed, this pilot trial lays the groundwork for future programs that investigate different inteCognitiveRehabilitationrventions that may be applied to target the unique needs of each survivor.
Drivers’ understanding of temporary and permanent slippery road signage

This project aimed to assist the development of understandable, cost-effective static signage to warn drivers of the potential for lower skid resistance in areas renowned for periodic slippery conditions. The research began with a literature review in which the features influencing road signage effectiveness, in terms of both conspicuity and comprehension, were identified. Based on these findings, alternative signage designs were developed and investigated in relation to the current SRS signage through a public focus group followed by an expert focus group. The outcomes of this process led to the selection of two alternative supplementary plates to be used with the main plate. These signs were constructed to the temporary signage design specifications and compared to the current temporary SRS signage (which consists of a main plate only) in an on-road trial. Metrocounters measured the free vehicle speed associated with each of the signs at three different curves in both wet and dry conditions. In dry conditions the signs made no practical difference to vehicle speed; however, in wet conditions the presence of a sign resulted in both a significant and practical reduction in free vehicle speed in all three curves. Planned comparisons revealed the sign that led to the greatest reduction in free vehicle speed in the wet differed at each of the curves.
Gender-Based Analysis of the Association Between Mental Health, Sleep Quality, Aggression, and Physical Activity Among University Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak

COVID-19 has spread throughout the world, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and negative psychological effects among general population. However, university students are particularly vulnerable in terms of mental health. The present study evaluated the association between mental health, quality of sleep, aggression, and physical activity in university students in Mexico after 1 year of dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, including a gender-sensitive analysis. Participants (935 university students) completed an online questionnaire which collected information regarding demographic data, psychological distress (IES-R scale), depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21), aggressiveness Buss-Perry Aggressive Questionnaire, sleep quality (PSQI) and physical activity (IPAQ-S). Findings showed that female students showed significantly higher scores in psychological distress, anxiety, stress scores and sleep quality, as compared to male students. By contrast, male students showed significantly higher scores on aggressiveness than female students. In addition, on physical activity, females performed significantly higher MET-min/week on moderate and high levels. Finally, liner regression model accounted for approximately 73.5% of the variance in DASS-21 scores, with the body mass index, IES-R, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and IPAQ subscales, emerging as significant individual (positive) predictors. Therefore, the pandemic affected female and male students differently. Female students reported more psychological distress, anxiety, and stress while male students reported higher aggressiveness. The differences observed may be due to physiological differences, the response to stress, and differences in sensitivity to life events.
Noncoding RNAs and their therapeutics in paclitaxel chemotherapy: Mechanisms of initiation, progression, and drug sensitivity

The identification of agents that can reverse drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy, and enhance the overall efficacy is of great interest. Paclitaxel (PTX) belongs to taxane family that exerts an antitumor effect by stabilizing microtubules and inhibiting cell cycle progression. However, PTX resistance often develops in tumors due to the overexpression of drug transporters and tumor‐promoting pathways. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are modulators of many processes in cancer cells, such as apoptosis, migration, differentiation, and angiogenesis. In the present study, we summarize the effects of ncRNAs on PTX chemotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can have opposite effects on PTX resistance (stimulation or inhibition) via influencing YES1, SK2, MRP1, and STAT3. Moreover, miRNAs modulate the growth and migration rates of tumor cells in regulating PTX efficacy. PIWI‐interacting RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and short‐hairpin RNAs are other members of ncRNAs regulating PTX sensitivity of cancer cells. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are similar to miRNAs and can modulate PTX resistance/sensitivity by their influence on miRNAs and drug efflux transport. The cytotoxicity of PTX against tumor cells can also be affected by circular RNAs (circRNAs) and limitation is that oncogenic circRNAs have been emphasized and experiments should also focus on onco‐suppressor circRNAs.
Zinc in dermatology

Abstract Zinc has numerous pharmacological uses in dermatology. Its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties are thought to correlate with its efficacy in acne vulgaris and leishmaniasis, amongst other cutaneous conditions. We conducted a review of the literature on the use of zinc in dermatology; in particular, we investigated its role in acne vulgaris, hair loss, hidradenitis suppurativa, leishmaniasis, and warts. We searched MEDLINE selecting only articles in English and evaluating the evidence using the Oxford Center of Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 guidance. This review has found evidence to support the use of zinc in patients in infectious conditions (leishmaniasis and warts), inflammatory conditions (acne rosacea, hidradenitis suppurativa) and in hair loss disorders.Ppatients with zinc deficiency should also receive oral supplementation. Further research and large randomized controlled trials are required to investigate the role of zinc as a monotherapy.
Competitive Athletes with Femoroacetabular Impingement and Painful Internal Snapping Treated Arthroscopically with Intrabursal Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening: High Rate of Return to Sport and Favorable Midterm Functional Outcomes

Background: Athletes with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) who undergo hip arthroscopy with iliopsoas fractional lengthening (IFL) in the context of painful internal snapping have demonstrated favorable patient–reported outcomes (PROs), return to sport (RTS), and resolution of internal snapping symptoms at short term follow–up. Midterm outcomes have not been established. Purposes: (1) To report minimum 5–year PROs and RTS rate in competitive athletes who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS and intra–bursal IFL for painful internal snapping and (2) to compare these clinical results with those of a propensity score–matched control group of competitive athletes who underwent primary hip arthroscopy without painful internal snapping and IFL. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were reviewed for consecutive surgeries performed by a single surgeon between February 2010 and December 2013. Patients were considered eligible if they were professional, collegiate, or high school athletes and received a primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS and intra–bursal IFL without extended capsulotomy for painful internal snapping. Indications for IFL were painful internal snapping on preoperative physical examination. Inclusion criteria were preoperative and minimum 5–year follow–up scores for the modified Harris Hip Score, Nonarthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale for pain. Rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference were also reported. For comparison, athletes in the IFL group were propensity matched by age, sex, body mass index, lateral and anterior center–edge angles, and sports level to a control group of athletes without internal snapping who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS without IFL. Results: A total of 105 competitive athletes in the IFL group were included in the study with a follow–up of 66.8 ± 6.9 months (mean ± SD). The IFL cohort showed significant improvement in all recorded PROs at minimum 5–year follow–up (P < .001). Furthermore, they demonstrated favorable rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference for the modified Harris Hip Score (82.0%), Nonarthritic Hip Score (85.4%), and Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific Subscale (82.8%). Further, 89.5% of athletes in the IFL cohort successfully returned to sport. A total of 42 athletes in the IFL group were propensity matched to 54 control athletes. When groups were compared, they demonstrated similar improvement in PROs and rates of RTS, revision arthroscopy, and achieving psychometric thresholds. Conclusion: Competitive athletes undergoing primary hip arthroscopy and intra–bursal IFL in the context of FAIS and painful internal snapping demonstrated favorable PROs and RTS rate at minimum 5–year follow–up. These results were comparable with those of a control group of athletes not requiring IFL.