Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of maternal adverse childhood experiences on child socioemotional function in rural Kenya: Mediating role of maternal mental health.

Mothers in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) suffer heightened vulnerability for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which is exacerbated by the multitude of risk factors associated with poverty and may lead to increased risk of psychiatric disorder. The constellation of complex, co-occurring biological, environmental, social, economic and psychological risk factors are in turn transmitted to her child, conferring vulnerability for adverse development. This study examines the association between maternal intra- and extra-familial ACEs, maternal education and the mental health of her child, mediated by maternal mental health. Mother-child dyads (n = 121) in Machakos, Kenya were examined cross-sectionally using self-report measures of ACEs, maternal mental health and child internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. The four models proposed to examine the relationship between intra- and extra-familial maternal ACEs and child internalizing and externalizing problems demonstrated indirect pathways through maternal mental health. These effects were found to be conditional on levels of maternal education, which served as a protective factor at lower levels of maternal ACEs. These models demonstrate how the impact of ACEs persists across the lifespan resulting in a negative impact on maternal mental health and conferring further risk to subsequent generations. Elucidating the association between ACEs and subsequent intergenerational sequelae, especially in LMIC where risk is heightened, may improve targeted caregiver mental health programs for prevention and intervention.
Visual Speech Recognition of Korean Words Using Convolutional Neural Network

In recent studies, speech recognition performance is greatly improved by using HMM and CNN. HMM is studying statistical modeling of voice to construct an acoustic model and to reduce the error rate by predicting voice through image of mouth region using CNN. In this paper, we propose visual speech recognition (VSR) using lip images. To implement VSR, we repeatedly recorded three subjects speaking 53 words chosen from an emergency medical service vocabulary book. To extract images of consonants, vowels, and ﬁnal consonants in the recorded video, audio signals were used. The Viola–Jones algorithm was used for lip tracking on the extracted images. The lip tracking images were grouped and then classiﬁed using CNNs. To classify the components of a syllable including consonants, vowels, and ﬁnal consonants, the structure of the CNN used VGG-s and modiﬁed LeNet-5, which has more layers. All syllable components were classiﬁed, and then the word was found by the Euclidean distance. From this experiment, a classiﬁcation rate of 72.327% using 318 total testing words was obtained when VGG-s was used. When LeNet-5 applied this classiﬁer for words, however, the classiﬁcation rate was 22.327%.
Comorbidity in an Older Population with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: Identification of the Characteristics and Healthcare Utilization of High-Cost Patients

Objectives: Little is known about the specific comorbidities contributing to higher costs in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in older cases. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, type, and cost of comorbidities occurring in older T2DM patients versus older non-T2DM patients, and the factors associated with high cost (HC) T2DM patients. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using information from the Campania Region healthcare database. People aged ≥65 years who received ≥2 prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs were identified as “T2DM patients. ” Comorbidities among T2DM and non-T2DM groups were assessed through the RxRiskV Index (modified version). T2DM individuals were classified according to the total cost distribution as HC or “non-high cost. ” Two sub-cohorts of HC T2DM patients were assessed: above 90th and 80th percentile of the total cost. Age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models were created. Results: Among the T2DM cohort, concordant and discordant comorbidities occurred significantly more frequently than in the non-T2DM cohort. Total mean annual cost per T2DM patient due to comorbidities was €7,627 versus €4,401 per non-T2DM patient. Among T2DM patients identified as being above 90th and 80th percentiles of cost distribution, the total annual costs were >€19,577 and >€2,563, respectively. The hospitalization cost was higher for T2DM cases. Strongest predictors of being a HC T2DM patient were having ≥5 comorbidities and renal impairment. Conclusion: HC patients accrued >80% of the total comorbidities cost in older T2DM patients. Integrated care models, with holistic and patient-tailored foci, could achieve more effective T2DM care.
The Treatment of Final Coda Consonants in the Acquisition of Romanian Phonology

Abstract Final consonant deletion has been attested in the acquisition of English (Johnson–Reimers 2010), Chinese (Hua 2002), Dutch (Fikkert 1994), Hebrew (Adi-Bensaid 2015), Spanish (Goldstein–Citron 2001), and Indonesian (Ulaimah et al. 2016). Previous studies on the acquisition of Romanian phonology (Buja 2015a, b) indicated an extremely low incidence of this phenomenon among the Romanian-speaking children. A possible explanation for it could be the inconsistency in collecting the data (child diaries and longitudinal corpora). By means of an experimental study, i.e. a picture-naming task, this paper aims to prove whether Romanian children do drop final coda consonants. The words describing the pictures presented to the children have a C1(-2)VC1 structure (e.g. drum ‘road, way’, cap ‘head’, nas ‘nose’). The subjects in this small-scale research study were nine monolingual Romanian children aged between 2 and 4 years, who were recorded by their parents. Their spontaneous or imitated productions of the target words were transcribed by using IPA. The results of the analysis confirm the predictions made in my previous study (Buja 2015b) – namely that final consonant deletion, a very frequent phonological process in the acquisition of various other languages, is not characteristic of the acquisition of Romanian phonology.
Application of Complex Chitosan Hydrogels Added With Canola Oil in Partial Substitution of Cocoa Butter in Dark Chocolate

The complexation of polymeric materials can be an alternative to trapping oil in a physical network for formulating foods with reduced saturated fat content. In this research, we have evaluated the use of different polymer ratios of Sodium Alginate (ALG), Carrageenan predominance iota (CR1) and Carrageenan predominance kappa (CR2) complexed with Chitosan (CHI) at a fixed polymer concentration (2% w/v) to formulate complex hydrogels and assess their oil holding capacity. The objective was to determine the polymer ratios of CHI to anionic polysaccharides (75:25, 50:50, and 25:75), determining the oil retention capacity in different ratios, and how this can affect the stability, microstructure and rheology of to produce low saturated chocolate with trapped canola oil. The stability of the hydrogels was characterized, considering the water retention and retention of canola oil in polysaccharides complexes. The more stable system was the hydrogel CHI:CR2 in a polymer ratio of 25:75. This formulation, when added of 20% of canola oil presented an apparent viscosity of 0.631 Pa.s at 300 s−1, and its use as replacer of saturated fat allowed the production of dark chocolate with 16% reduction in fat content and 80% of added cocoa butter. Stability studies showed that polysaccharides complexes network can retain the edible oil in chocolate formulation for 60 days. It has been proven that polysaccharides complexes can be incorporated to partially replace the fatty phase in chocolates without considerable changes in relevant characteristics as consumer acceptance evaluated by sensory tests and rheological properties.
Periprocedural Management of Patients Undergoing Liver Resection or Embolotherapy for Neuroendocrine Tumor Metastases

Objectives The objective of this study was to describe the periprocedural management of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with hepatic metastases who underwent liver-directed procedures. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors who underwent liver resection, ablation, or embolotherapy at a single center from 2012 to 2016. The primary outcome was occurrence of documented carcinoid crisis (CC) or hemodynamic instability (HDI), defined as 10 minutes or more of systolic blood pressure less than 80 or greater than 180 mm Hg, or pulse greater than 120 beats per minute. Results We identified 75 patients who underwent liver resection/ablation (n = 38) or embolotherapy (n = 37). Twenty-four patients (32%) experienced CC or HDI (CC/HDI); CC occurred in 3 patients. No clinicopathologic or procedural factors, including procedure type, octreotide or long-acting somatostatin analog use, and history of carcinoid syndrome, were associated with CC/HDI. Grades 2 to 4 complications were reported in 42% of patients who experienced CC/HDI versus in 16% of patients who did not experience CC/HDI (P < 0.05). Conclusions A significant portion of patients developed CC/HDI, and these patients were more likely to develop severe postprocedural complications. Periprocedural octreotide use was not associated with lower CC/HDI occurrence, but continued use is advised given its safety profile until additional studies definitively demonstrate lack of benefit.
Expectation differences between the tourism sector and students: A comparative analysis

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyse the expectations of undergraduate tourism students from the sector and the expectations of tourism sector managers from students who may be potential sector employees in the future. Data were obtained from 270 students and 102 tourism business managers with the help of a questionnaire. In the analysis, communication was found to be the highest expectation of students from the tourism industry. Their attitudes towards working in a flexible working environment was the expectation that had the least participation. As for the sector managers, while their highest expectation from the students was that they have appropriate qualifications for the sector, their lowest expectation was found to be that students have a strong family structure.
Potential Role and Prognostic Value of Erythropoietin Levels in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Background: Both EPO levels and anemia have shown prognostic value in several cardiac disorders. An observational study with a prospective follow-up was performed to investigate their independent prognostic roles in severe aortic stenosis. Methods: An up to 36-month follow-up of consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR in a high-volume center was performed. Patients with eGRF <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were excluded. EPO levels and/or anemia status and its association with mid-term mortality were assessed. Results: Out of 407, 360 met eligibility criteria. Median age was 83 years, with 71.4% having a NYHA class III/IV. Anemia was present in 51.9%, and iron deficiency in 52.8%. Median (IQR) EPO levels were 14.4 (9.30–24.30) mIU/mL. Median follow-up was 566 days. Anemia was associated with overall mortality (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.51–3.80, p < 0.001). Higher logEPO levels were associated with mid-term mortality (HR 4.05, 95% CI 2.29–7.16, p < 0.001), even after adjusting for clinically and/or statistically relevant factors (multivariate HR 2.25, 95 CI 1.09–4.66, p = 0.029). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed early diverging curves for anemia vs. non-anemia, whereas curves for patients in various EPO level quartiles started to diverge at about 100 days, with differences consistently increasing during the subsequent entire follow-up period. Conclusions: Differently from anemia, which was a strong predictor for both early and late mortality in severe aortic stenosis after TAVR, independent prognostic value of EPO only emerged after post-TAVR recovery. EPO prognostic value was independent from anemia and mild-to-moderate renal dysfunction. High EPO levels could be useful to identify patients with severe aortic stenosis showing a compromised mid-term survival in spite of TAVR use and independently from early TAVR results.
Chemical Fingerprint Analysis and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Study of the Protective Effect of Buxue Yimu Granule in Medical-Induced Incomplete Abortion Rats

Medical abortion is a common method to terminate an early pregnancy and often causes serious complications such as abnormal uterine bleeding and endometritis. Buxue Yimu granule (BYG) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription composed of five kinds of drugs and is widely used in gynecology and obstetrics. The aim of the present study was to establish the quality standard of BYG and investigate its protective effect on incomplete abortion. The chemical fingerprint of BYG was established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The major compounds of BYG were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. An incomplete abortion rat model was induced by intragastric administration of mifepristone (8.3 mg·kg−1) combined with misoprostol (100.0 μg·kg−1) during early pregnancy. The serum levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (PG) were determined. The serum endogenous metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Multivariate analysis, including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), was employed to analyze the metabolic profiles, and MetaboAnalyst was used to investigate the metabolic pathways. Furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was used to evaluate the histopathological changes in uterine tissue. The expression levels of VEGFA and NF-κB were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that HPLC fingerprint analysis can be successfully used to assess the quality of BYG. The medical-induced incomplete abortion rats were clearly separated from control rats, and the biochemical changes were gradually restored to normal after administration of BYG. Moreover, 19 potential biomarkers, including N-lactoylleucine, 2-piperidinone, isobutyryl-l-carnitine, eicosapentaenoylcholine, LysoPC(14:0), LysoPC(20:5), physagulin C, LysoPC(18:3), leukotriene D5, deoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide, glycine, pregnanediol 3-O-glucuronide, LysoPC(18:2), LysoPC(17:0/0:0), N-acetyl-leukotriene E4, LysoPC(18:0), platelet-activating factor, LysoPA(24:1), and LysoPC(18:1), which were mainly related to the amino acids metabolism, lipids metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis, were identified. Consequently, BYG exerts a potential protective role in the intervention of incomplete abortion by anti-inflammatory, promote endometrial repair, and regulate the metabolic disorders.
Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Response to Continuous Cropping of Tibetan Barley

Long-term continuous cropping influences the nutrient of soil and microbiome of the rhizosphere, resulting in the yield decrease of crops. Tibetan barley is a dominant cereal crop cultivated at high altitudes in Tibet. Its growth and yield are negatively affected by continuous cropping; however, the response of the rhizosphere microbial community to continuous cropping remains poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated the bacterial community structure and conducted predictive functional profiling on rhizosphere soil from Tibetan barley monocropped for 2–6 years. The results revealed that long-term continuous cropping markedly decreased total nitrogen and available nitrogen in rhizosphere soil. Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes indicated that the bacterial community was altered by continuous cropping; operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Shannon index, and Faith Phylogenetic Diversity decreased with increasing monocropping duration. Relative abundances of family Pseudomonadaceae, Cytophagaceae, and Nocardioidaceae were significantly increased, while those of Chitinophagaceae and Sphingomonadaceae were significantly decreased (all p < 0.05). Besides, continuous cropping significantly increased the abundance of bacteria associated with chemoheterotrophy, aromatic compound degradation, and nitrate reduction (p < 0.05). Generalized boosted regression model analysis indicated that total nitrogen was the most important contributor to the bacterial community diversity, indicating their roles in shaping the rhizosphere bacterial community during continuous cropping. Overall, continuous cropping had a significant impact on the structure of bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of Tibetan barley, and these results will improve our understanding of soil bacterial community regulation and soil health maintenance in Tibetan barley farm systems.
Common Ground Information Affects Reference Resolution: Evidence From Behavioral Data, ERPs, and Eye-Tracking

One of the most important social cognitive skills in humans is the ability to “put oneself in someone else’s shoes,” that is, to take another person’s perspective. In socially situated communication, perspective taking enables the listener to arrive at a meaningful interpretation of what is said (sentence meaning) and what is meant (speaker’s meaning) by the speaker. To successfully decode the speaker’s meaning, the listener has to take into account which information he/she and the speaker share in their common ground (CG). We here further investigated competing accounts about when and how CG information affects language comprehension by means of reaction time (RT) measures, accuracy data, event-related potentials (ERPs), and eye-tracking. Early integration accounts would predict that CG information is considered immediately and would hence not expect to find costs of CG integration. Late integration accounts would predict a rather late and effortful integration of CG information during the parsing process that might be reflected in integration or updating costs. Other accounts predict the simultaneous integration of privileged ground (PG) and CG perspectives. We used a computerized version of the referential communication game with object triplets of different sizes presented visually in CG or PG. In critical trials (i.e., conflict trials), CG information had to be integrated while privileged information had to be suppressed. Listeners mastered the integration of CG (response accuracy 99.8%). Yet, slower RTs, and enhanced late positivities in the ERPs showed that CG integration had its costs. Moreover, eye-tracking data indicated an early anticipation of referents in CG but an inability to suppress looks to the privileged competitor, resulting in later and longer looks to targets in those trials, in which CG information had to be considered. Our data therefore support accounts that foresee an early anticipation of referents to be in CG but a rather late and effortful integration if conflicting information has to be processed. We show that both perspectives, PG and CG, contribute to socially situated language processing and discuss the data with reference to theoretical accounts and recent findings on the use of CG information for reference resolution.
Influence of School-Level Socioeconomic Status on Children's Physical Activity, Fitness, and Fundamental Movement Skill Levels.

BACKGROUND Authorities recommend that youth undertake at least 60 minutes of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), with young people having the opportunity to undertake at least half of this MVPA during school hours. METHODS In this study, we examined the influence of school-level socioeconomic status (SES) on children's PA, fitness and fundamental movement skill (FMS) levels, and the barriers and enablers of children's PA in 86 Australian schools (41 primary, 45 secondary). School-level SES was based on an Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage (ICSEA). School representatives reported potential barriers and enablers for children's PA. We used subjective and objectives measures of PA, fitness, and FMS levels. Multiple logistic regression examined the associations of ICSEA category (low or high) with barriers and enablers, and PA outcomes, adjusting for children's language background and residence. RESULTS Children from high SES schools were more likely to achieve the healthy fitness zone for cardiorespiratory fitness; those from low SES schools consistently reported more barriers and fewer enablers than their high SES counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Extra efforts may be required to address school-level barriers and enablers to enhance PA, fitness, and FMS levels for schools in disadvantaged areas.
Ascorbate-Mediated Modulation of Cadmium Stress Responses: Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Status in Brassica napus

The role of ascorbate (AsA) in antioxidant defense system-associated resistance to cadmium (Cd) in oilseed rape plants has not yet been clearly demonstrated. The present study investigated the critical role of exogenous AsA on the physiological and biochemical responses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant scavenging defense systems in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Tammi) seedlings exposed to Cd. Cd (10 μM) treatment led to significant reductions in plant growth; increases in the levels of superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde; and increases in Cd uptake and accumulation by the roots and shoots in hydroponically grown 10-day-old seedlings. Moreover, it reduced AsA content and AsA redox ratios, which have been correlated with reductions in glutathione (GSH) and/or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) redox status. However, exogenously applying AsA to Cd-exposed seedlings decreased Cd-induced ROS, improved antioxidant defense systems by increasing AsA, GSH, and NADPH contents, and increased Cd uptake and accumulation in both roots and shoots of the plants. These results provided evidence that the enhancement in AsA redox status can be linked to an increase in the GSH and/or NADPH redox ratios through the induction of the AsA–GSH–NADPH cycle. Thus, these results suggest that exogenous AsA application to oilseed rape seedlings under Cd stress might alleviate the overall Cd toxicity by regulating the homeostasis of the AsA–GSH–NADPH cycle, which reestablishes the steady-state cellular redox status.
Increased Left Putamen Volume Correlates With Pain in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) mainly affects the axial skeleton and is an important factor leading to chronic lower back pain in young individuals. However, few studies have explored alterations of brain gray matter volume in AS patients. The purpose of the present study was to describe brain gray matter abnormalities associated with AS pain. A total of 61 AS patients and 52 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Using voxel-based morphometrics, we detected abnormal gray matter volume in AS patients. Based on the voxel-wise analysis, the gray matter volume in the left putamen of the AS group was increased significantly compared with that of the HC group. In addition, we found that the gray matter volume of the left putamen was positively correlated with the duration of AS and total back pain scores, whereas it was not significantly correlated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index scores, C-reactive protein, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate in AS patients. Taken together, our findings improve our understanding of the neural substrates of pain in AS and provide evidence of AS-related neurological impairment. Hence, further investigation of the pathophysiology of the left putamen in AS is warranted.