Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EDIACARAN FOSSILS FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN GREAT BASIN, UNITED STATES

Abstract Ediacaran fossils from the southwestern Great Basin may help constrain regional Vendian-Cambrian biostratigraphy and provide biogeographic links between facies in this region and elsewhere. Locally, trace fossils suggest the Vendian-Cambrian boundary occurs within or below the upper third of the lower member of the Wood Canyon Formation. Ediacaran soft-bodied and tubular fossils, including the frondlike fossil Swartpuntia and tubular, mineralized or agglutinated fossils similar to Archaeichnium, Cloudina, Corumbella, and Onuphionella occur in the lowermost Wood Canyon Formation. Discoidal forms referred to Nimbia occur in both the lowermost Wood Canyon Formation and the underlying strata of the Stirling Quartzite. These fossils occur directly below Lower Cambrian trace fossils, including Treptichnus pedum, and confirm the persistence of the Ediacaran biota to near the base of the Cambrian. These faunas may also help strengthen previously proposed correlation schemes between the two main facies belts of the southwestern Great Basin (the Death Valley and White-Inyo facies), because a nearly identical Vendian-lowest Cambrian succession of faunas occurs in both regions. Lastly, lack of cosmopolitan Ediacaran faunas in these strata suggests a paleobiogeographic link between the southwestern U.S. and southern Africa in Vendian time.
Inland Waters can Act as Nitrous Oxide Sinks: Observation and Modeling Reveal that Nitrous Oxide Undersaturation May Partially Offset Emissions

Inland waters are significant, yet highly uncertain, natural sources of nitrous oxide (N2O). Many emission models assume that N2O is only emitted from freshwaters, and that N2O sink behavior is negligible. However, observational studies have reported N2O undersaturation, suggesting that inland waters can act as N2O sinks due to net N2O consumption. This study leverages data from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and an existing global emission model to examine the prevalence of and controls on N2O undersaturation in streams, rivers, and lakes across scales and biomes. We find that N2O undersaturation is prevalent in the NEON data set (14%–30% of samples) and process‐based model outputs (38%), occurring across biomes and spatial scales. Failing to account for undersaturation in the NEON data set could result in an 100% overestimation of N2O emissions. These results show that consideration of N2O sink behavior is needed for accurate emission estimates.
Bioprotection Potential of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRH01 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP01 against Spoilage-Associated Penicillium Strains in Yoghurt

Penicillium spp. are considered a major spoilage fungus in dairy products. Due to the growing concerns over food safety issues and the demand for “clean label” food products from consumers, the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a bioprotective tool to control fungal spoilage of dairy products appears to be a promising alternative. Here, the antifungal activities of ten LAB cultures against five dairy-spoilage-associated Penicillium strains were studied in a model system, and the most potent bioprotective cultures were further tested in yoghurt. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) LRH01 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) LP01 exhibited potent antifungal efficacy at low concentrations. The inhibitory effects of cell-containing fermentates (C-fermentates), cell-free fermentates (CF-fermentates), and volatiles produced by the two cultures were tested in a yoghurt serum medium. The C-fermentates showed antifungal effects, while the removal of cells from C-fermentates led to decreased antifungal activities. Volatiles alone displayed some antifungal efficiency, but less than the fermentates. In a yoghurt matrix, the specific effect of manganese depletion by the bioprotective cultures on mold growth was investigated. Here, the LAB cultures could completely suppress the growth of molds, while addition of manganese partially or fully restored the mold growth, demonstrating that manganese depletion played a key role in the antifungal activity of the tested LAB cultures in the yoghurt matrix. Both L. plantarum LP01 and L. rhamnosus LRH01 showed efficient antifungal activities in the yoghurt serum, while L. rhamnosus LRH01 exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects on Penicillium strains when added during the processing of the yoghurt with subsequent storage at 7 °C for 22 days. Our findings suggested that L. rhamnosus LRH01 could be a promising bioprotective culture for yoghurt biopreservation.
Closing the terrestrial water budget from satellite remote sensing

The increasing availability of remote sensing products for all components of the terrestrial water cycle makes it now possible to evaluate the potential of water balance closure purely from remote sensing sources. We take precipitation (P) from the TMPA and CMORPH products, a Penman‐Monteith based evapotranspiration (E) estimate derived from NASA Aqua satellite data and terrestrial water storage change (ΔS) from the GRACE satellite. Their combined ability to close the water budget is evaluated over the Mississippi River basin for 2003–5 by estimating streamflow (Q) as a residual of the water budget and comparing to streamflow measurements. We find that Q is greatly overestimated due mainly to the high bias in P, especially in the summer. Removal of systematic biases in P reduces the error significantly. However, uncertainties in the individual budget components due to simplifications in process algorithms and input data error are generally larger than the measured streamflow.
MIT Open Access Articles Following and Interpreting Narrated Guided Tours

—We describe a robotic tour-taking capability enabling a robot to acquire local knowledge of a human-occupied environment. A tour-taking robot autonomously follows a human guide through an environment, interpreting the guide’s spoken utterances and the shared spatiotemporal context in order to acquire a spatially segmented and semantically labeled metrical-topological representation of the environment. The described tour-taking capability enables scalable deployment of mobile robots into human-occupied environments, and natural human-robot interaction for commanded mobility. Our primary contributions are an efﬁcient, socially acceptable autonomous tour-following behavior and a tour interpretation algorithm that partitions a map into spaces labeled according to the guide’s utterances. The tour-taking behavior is demonstrated in a multi-ﬂoor ofﬁce building and evaluated by assessing the comfort of the tour guides, and by comparing the robot’s map partitions to those produced by humans.
Analyzing Intervention Research Trends in Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Review on the Korean Experimental Researches from 1998 to 2022

This study aims to present a more systematic and developmental research direction by classifying animal-mediation related research trends published in Korea. We analyzed the research trends of 68 domestic animal-mediation programs published in 26 journals over the past 24 years under the premise of the necessity of animal-assisted therapy, which considered a very effective intervention method in the practice areas of various subjects. Therefore, this study examines the year of publication of animal-mediation related research conducted in various academic fields from 1998 to 2022, research data sources, characteristics of re - search subjects, types of interventions and research topics, research design and intervention sessions, intervention methods, and ethical consideration statements. The results of this study are as follows: First, in the source of research and research trends by year, the number of papers published in animal-related societies was the highest at 34 (50%); the number of studies has been steadily increasing since the mid-2000s. Second, regarding research trends by subject, 45 (66%) were general subjects, 23 (34%) were medically diagnosed, 60 (88%) were selected through pre-evaluation, and 8 (12%) were requested. Third, regarding research trends by method, 27 (40%) of the pretests were conducted before and after the experiment-control group, and only 3 (4%) of the 68 papers were examined later. Fourth, regarding research trends by content, depression (25%) was the most frequently applied variable, and regarding intervention sessions, 53 (78%) were less than 12 sessions. Fifth, regarding research trends and ethical consideration statements by treatment approach method, 58 cases (85%) of individual treatment approaches and 10 cases (15%) of intervention approaches integrated with individual treatment approaches, and 23 cases (34%) of studies with ethical consideration statements or the Institutional Review Board’s (IRB) approval. Based on the study results, the implications and research directions of animal-assisted therapy related research are discussed.
Shikimic acid (SA) inhibits neuro-inflammation and exerts neuroprotective effects in an LPS-induced in vitro and in vivo model

Numerous studies have shown that neuroinflammation is involved in the process of neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), for example, and that inhibiting neuroinflammation help improve PD. Shikimic acid (SA) has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities in numerous diseases. However, its effect and mechanism in PD remain unclear. In this experiment, we found that SA inhibits production of pro-inflammatory mediators and ROS in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that SA suppresses neuro-inflammation by activating the AKT/Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Further in vivo study, we confirmed that SA ameliorated the neurological damage and behavioral deficits caused by LPS injection in mice. In summary, these study highlighted the beneficial role of SA as a novel therapy with potential PD drug by targeting neuro-inflammation.
Relative dispersion at the surface of the Gulf of Mexico

We examine the relative motion of pairs and triplets of surface drifters in the Gulf of Mexico. The mean square pair separations grow exponentially in time from the smallest resolved scale (1 km) to 40‐ 50 km, with an e-folding time of 2‐ 3 days. Thereafter, the dispersion exhibits a power law dependence on time with an exponent of between 2 and 3 (depending on the measure used) up to scales of several hundred kilometers. The straining is for the most part isotropic, with only weak regional variations. But there are suggestions of anisotropy in the western basin, probably due to boundary current advection. The pair velocities are correlated during the early phase and a portion of the late phase. The relative displacement distributions during the early phase are, after an initial adjustment, nonGaussian and approximately constant, suggestive of local straining. The triplet results likewise suggest two growth phases. During the early phase, the mean area and the longest triangle leg grow exponentially in time, the latter with a rate consistent with the two-particle results. Most triangles are drawn out during this time. During the late period, the triangles grow and their aspect ratios systematically decrease, suggesting an evolution to an equilateral shape. Although surface divergences should affect these statistics, they nevertheless strongly resemble those found with two-dimensional turbulent e ows. If so, we would infer an enstrophy cascade at scales below the deformation radius (40‐ 50 km) which is probably spectrally local. The latter implies that growth in particle separations comes from e ow features the same size as the separations. It is also possible there is an inverse energy cascade to scales larger than the deformation radius, driven possibly by baroclinic instability. However, the late period statistics may also ree ect dispersion by a large scale shear.
FACTORS AFFECTING DIVIDEND PAY OUT RATIO WITH ROE (RETURN ON EQUITY) AS MODERATING VARIABLE

The purpose of this research is to find out whether cash ratio and ATO (asset turnover) have an influence on dividend pay-out ratio by using ROE (return on equity) as a control variable or moderating variable in the manufacturing industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018-2020 period. Samples were taken using purposive sampling method, and the data obtained were 39 firms. The data is processed using statistical software applications to analyze into multiple regression equations, namely the EViews program version 12 and Microsoft Excel 2010. This study provides test results that cash ratio and ATO (asset turnover) have an insignificant negative effect on dividend pay-out ratio. ROE (return on equity) cannot moderate cash ratio on dividend pay-out ratio. But ROE (return on equity) can moderate ATO (asset turnover) on dividend pay-out ratio. The conclusion of this study can analyze the factors that influence firm performance in increasing dividend pay-out ratio so that investors are interested in investing.
Exploring the perspectives of young offenders and correctional officers on rehabilitation programmes in Malawi: A mixed methods study

Abstract The young people on the wrong side of the law are incarcerated at specific penitentiaries known as Young Offenders' Rehabilitation Centres (YORCs) in Malawi. Using the good lives model and risk needs responsivity principles, this study sought to explore the perspectives of young offenders and correctional officers on the nature and meaningfulness of the offenders’ rehabilitation at the five YORCs in Malawi. The study involved 340 participants in mixed-methods research utilising a convergent design. Specifically, the study involved randomly selected 290 young offenders (mean age = 19.8) in a descriptive survey, 25 ex-offenders and 25 correctional officers in semi-structured interviews. The key findings were that although most inmates were socio-economically disadvantaged, signalling the need for comprehensive rehabilitation, the study found that both inmates and correctional offenders viewed correctional activities in the YORCs as not inadequate. Thus, a few rehabilitative activities, such as education, farming and skills training, were haphazardly accessible at various YORCs. Many young offenders were forced to work in prison farms at three facilities disregarding their educational statuses. It was concluded that offender rehabilitation was not handled as a constitutionally mandated obligation in Malawi since the rehabilitation centres focused on security and agricultural productivity.
Definition and Criteria for the Assessment of Expertise in Psychotherapy: Development of the Psychotherapy Expertise Questionnaire (PEQ)

Therapist expertise is a complex, multifaceted, and continually evolving concept. Defining this construct and its constituent components can yield a substantial contribution to the field of psychotherapy, consequently enhancing the comprehension of the fundamental factors that underlie its effectiveness. Within this framework, the present research aimed at developing and assessing the psychometric properties of the Psychotherapy Expertise Questionnaire (PEQ), a self-report measure to assess therapist expertise. A sample of 260 psychotherapists of various theoretical orientations were involved in this research. They completed a survey that included the PEQ as well as other self-reported measures aimed at evaluating personality traits, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and insight orientation. The analysis provided evidence of a good fit for both a correlational model with eight factors and a higher-order model, where the eight subdimensions were grouped into subjective (performance; cognitive functioning; personal and relational qualities of the therapist; therapist self-assessment) and objective (experience; reputation with clients and colleagues; training and professional updating; deontological ethics and setting rules) factors. The eight dimensions, two higher-order factors, and total score all showed excellent levels of internal consistency. Furthermore, significant associations were found between PEQ scores and insight orientation, general self-efficacy, self-esteem, personality traits, and time exercising clinical practice. To conclude, the Psychotherapy Expertise Questionnaire (PEQ) is a valuable, theoretically guided, and psychometrically robust self-report measure designed to assess therapist expertise and its constitutive dimensions. This measure can have practical applications in guiding tailored training and customised supervision.
Correlation between LSM1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes in Glioblastoma and Functional Mechanisms

Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain tumor characterized by limited treatment options and a bleak prognosis. Although the role of Like-Sm 1 (LSM1), a component of the mRNA splicing machinery, has been studied in various cancers, its significance in GBM remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the expression of LSM1 and its role in driving GBM progression. Methods We analyzed gene expression data obtained from TCGA and GTEx databases to compare the levels of LSM1 expression between GBM and normal brain tissues. To assess the impact of LSM1, we conducted experiments using U87 GBM cells, wherein we manipulated LSM1 expression through overexpression and knockdown techniques. These experiments allowed us to evaluate cellular behaviors such as proliferation and invasion. Additionally, we explored the correlation between LSM1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GBM. Results Our analysis of TCGA and GTEx datasets revealed a significant upregulation of LSM1 expression in GBM compared to normal brain tissues. In our in vitro experiments using U87 cells, we observed that LSM1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and invasion, while LSM1 knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, we discovered correlations between LSM1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GBM, specifically involving TFH cells, CD56bright cells, macrophages, and Th2 cells. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate the upregulation of LSM1 in GBM and its contribution to tumor progression by enhancing cell proliferation, invasion, and influencing immune cell infiltration. Our research sheds light on the potential oncogenic role of LSM1 in GBM and suggests its viability as a therapeutic target for this aggressive brain tumor.
Inter-El Niño variability and its impact on the South American low-level jet east of the Andes during austral summer − two case studies

Abstract. The impact of the maximum convection location over eastern and central Equatorial Pacific over the intensity and positioning of the South American Low-Level Jet east of the Andes (SALLJ) during the austral summer was investigated. The Bonner criteria 1 was applied to the NCEP-NCAR circulation fields during the El Nino of 1997/1998 and 2002/2003 to identify the SALLJ episodes. The composites of the atmospheric circulation over the South America during El Nino events showed that the SALLJ can be influenced by small displacements of the quasi-stationary Rossby waves position. During the strong El Nino event of 1997/1998 the SALLJ is maintained by the eastern trade winds. A low-level anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the central part of Brazil enhanced the wind in the nucleus of the jet and displaced its axis to the Northern Argentina and South of Brazil. However, the northern trade winds seem to maintain the SALLJ during the weak El Nino of 2002/2003. The jet was weaker and displaced more southeastward of Brazil than during the strong event.
Daytime formation of nitrous acid: A major source of OH radicals in a forest

Daytime concentrations of HONO, NOx, OH and photolysis frequencies were measured during the ECHO field campaign in a mixed deciduous forest near Jülich, West‐Germany, in summer 2003. Midday measurements show clear evidence for a large, yet unexplained daytime source of HONO (∼500 pptv/h), which represents an important net source of OH radicals due to ongoing HONO photolysis. The evidence for a large HONO daytime source is for the first time completely constrained by measured parameters, needed to determine the daytime budget of HONO. The large contribution of 33% to the primary OH production during noon at the top of the forest canopy suggests that the unexplained source of HONO could have an important impact on the photochemical transformation of biogenically emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by OH into partly oxidized VOCs and secondary organic aerosols during their release from forest regions into the troposphere.
The dynamothermal aureole of the Bay of Islands ophiolite suite

The Bay of Islands ophiolite suite was displaced from an oceanic environment and emplaced upon the continental margin of Eastern North America during Early to Middle Ordovician times. The displacement tectonics produced a dynamothermal aureole that is found at the stratigraphic base of each ophiolite thrust slice. Structural and chemical studies of the aureole rocks indicate that they were produced by polyphase deformation of tuffaceous sediments and volcanic rocks under conditions of relatively high heat flux. Calculations show that this heat could not all have been produced by friction, but that the overriding ophiolite slab must have been hot. High geothermal gradients necessary to satisfy such a model are to be expected only in certain oceanic environments. La suite ophiolitique de Bay of Islands s'est deplacee d'un milieu oceanique et mise en place sur la bordure continentale 8 l'est de 1'Amerique du Nord au cours de I'Ordovicien inferieur a moyen. La tectonique de deplacement a produit une aureole dynamothermique qu'on retrouve a la base stratigraphique de chaque ecaille de chevauchement des ophiolites. Les etudes structurales et chimiques des roches de I'aureole indiquent qu'elles se sont produites par la deformation polyphasee de sediments tuffaces et de roches volcaniques dans des conditions de flux thermique relativement eleve. Les calculs montrent que cette chaleur n'a pu provenir entierement de la friction, mais que I'ecaille ophiolitique de chevauchement doit avoir ete chaude. Les gradients geothermiques eleves necessaires pour satisfaire un tel modele ne se rencontrent que dans certains milieux oceaniques. Can. J. Earth Sci., 16,2086-2101 (1979) [Traduit par le journal]
Work Life Balance for Working Mothers Who Have Children with Special Needs

Introduction: Career and family are two important things for adults that are inseparable from each other. People in a relationship in particular need to find a balance, whether they like it or not, to avoid conflicts of interest between work and family. Objective: This study aims to describe work-life balance in working mothers who have children with special needs. Method: This research wants to find out more about work-life balance in working mothers who also care for children with special needs. This study used a qualitative research method with an intrinsic case study approach and involved two participants. The data collection process was carried out through interviews using credibility techniques, namely member checking. Result and Discussion: The results of this study found that the factors that motivated Mrs. LS and Mrs. LL to continue working were because they had the support of their husbands, family, and people around the environment. Conclusion: Mrs LS and Mrs LL both realize that it is not easy to live a working life while caring for a child with special needs, but all of that can feel a little easier because there is support from her husband and family in terms of taking care of the house and children's needs.