Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of awareness and attitude of EMS personnel concerning pre-hospital stroke care based on American Stroke Association Guideline

Objective: Emergency medical services (EMS) is a critical component of health care system and the forefront of stroke care. The prominent role of EMS in stroke care is timely and accurate diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and transfer of the patients to stroke centers. The present study aimed to assess the “awareness” and “attitude” of EMS personnel concerning prehospital stroke care based on American Stroke Association (ASA) guideline in Rasht town.Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. The participants, consisted of all EMS personnel (n = 115) in Rasht town in 2012, entered the study based on census method. Awareness and attitude of EMS personnel toward prehospital stroke care were assessed using a questionnaire based on ASA guideline. The questionnaire had two sections. The first part contained demographic data and the second part had multiple choice items (Likert-type scale response anchors) to assess awareness and attitude of the personnel. The questionnaires were filled out by the personnel. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software version 20. P-value less than 5% was considered significant.Results: Ninety people participated in this study. The average of age and working experience of participants were 36.84 ± 8.02 and 11.36 ± 5.71, respectively. Most of the participants had bachelor degree (n = 33, 36.7%) and majored in medical emergency (n = 43, 47.8%). Most of them were contract employees (47.8%). Mean scores of awareness and attitude of the personnel were 26.68 (the total number of score = 51) and 32.56 (the total number of score = 80), respectively.Conclusion: Findings revealed poor awareness and attitude of EMS personnel toward prehospital stroke care based on ASA guideline in
USING MODEL SIMULATIONS TO IMPROVE THE CHARACTERISATION OF CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC MOTION VECTORS

The main objective of this study is to improve the characterization of Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) and their errors to improve the use of AMVs in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). It is known that AMVs tend to exhibit considerable systematic and random errors and geographically varying quality, as shown in comparisons against radiosonde or NWP data. However, there is a rather limited knowledge of the characteristics and origin of these errors: they can arise in the AMV derivation process, but they can also arise from the interpretation of AMVs as single-level point observations of wind. An important difficulty in the study of AMV errors is the scarcity of collocated observations of clouds and wind. To overcome that difficulty, this study approaches the analysis of AMV errors using a simulation framework in which AMVs are derived from sequences of images simulated from atmospheric forecast model data. In this framework the model provides a "ground truth", including wind and cloud distributions, which allows a detailed study of AMV errors. Provided model simulations are realistic, the analysis of AMV errors in this setting can shed light on the nature of AMVs derived from observed imagery and their errors. The model used for the simulation is the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional model, and the nominal horizontal resolution of the simulation is 3km. This presentation shows the main results of the ongoing study. First, cloud structures from observed and simulated images are compared. Then AMVs, interpreted as single-level point estimates of wind, are evaluated by comparison to the model truth. Then we present results regarding horizontal, vertical and temporal error correlations. Finally, we evaluate AMVs interpreted as vertical and horizontal averages of wind.
Superposed folding at the junction of the inland and coastal belts,

Two adjoining dome structures in Neoproterozoic Otavi Group sediments are located at the intersection of the Outjo (inland branch) and Kaoko (coastal branch) fold and thrust belts of the Damara Orogen on the farm Vrede, northwestern Namibia. Systematic mapping of outcrop-scale cleavage and folding relationships has unraveled three temporally distinct folding events in the two dome structures. In present-day coordinates, the first shortening event (D1) produced E-W trending folds. The second contractional phase (D2) developed N-S trending folds. The third shortening episode (D3) featured a renewed production of E-W trending folds. If this chronology of deformation is applied to similarly oriented structures along the inland and coastal belts, a history of ocean closure and the amalgamation of southwestern Gondwanaland can be inferred. Closure of the Adamastor ocean and collision along the Kaoko margin began before closure of the Khomas sea and collision along the inland belt.
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF STEEL FIBRES ON THE MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF CONCRETE – A REVIEW

In the recent years, lots of researches have been performed to improve the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. SFRC is found to be one of the best ways for the reduction of the brittleness of concrete and enhance its engineering properties. Steel fibers can be defined as a short length of steel which is used according to its aspect ratios (i.e. ratio of Length to diameter) in the range of 20 to 100. This paper presents the introduction of steel fiber, review of experimental studies which has been done in the previous years and comparison between three different types of steel fibers i.e. (Straight, Hooked, and Crimpt) on the basis of their effect on the mechanical properties of concrete.
Engaging Accountability: Working Paper Series Rights, Accountability and Citizenship: Examining India's Emerging Welfare State

Public sector service delivery in India is notorious for its low coverage, poor quality and high corruption. This is in striking contrast to the political commitment to inclusive development, and the aspirations of the Indian Constitution. The last decade has seen extensive efforts to change the relationship between citizens and the state, through the granting of substantive rights to social and economic goods and building the foundations of a welfare state in India. The emphasis has been both on expanding provisioning and transforming the every day workings of the state by shifting the dynamics of interaction between state and citizens. This paper seeks to place the emergence of India’s welfare state within a conceptual framework, and evaluate early experiences, focusing especially on implementation. Our assessment undertakes a diagnosis of the specific mechanisms that the rights and accompanying accountability instruments are seeking to influence, through an analysis of how “the state” works. In particular, we focus on understanding how the specific reform instruments promoted through the rights-based approach have been articulated and absorbed into the everyday practices of the state. Such an analysis is important because the ultimate outcomes of this transition will depend, to a great degree, on the interplay between the new transparency and accountability instruments, bureaucratic structures and incentive systems, and local patterns of political and civil society behavior. Our central thesis is that while the rights-based approach and measures to institutional social accountability have brought some gains, these remain limited. In many cases, they have led to distortions in the political and bureaucratic system rather than deeper change. It is suggested that a fundamental shift will require more extensive administrative reforms, and that this will only occur when aligned with political processes. 1 YaminiAiyar (yaiyar@accountabilityindia.org) is with the Accountability Initiative, Centre for Policy Research, and Michael Walton (michael_walton@harvard.edu) is with the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University and the Centre for Policy Research. Thanks for comments and discussions to Anil Deolilakar, Patrick Heller, Shikha Jha, Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Diana Mitlin, Prasanta Pattanaik, Namita Wahi and to participants in workshops at the University of California at Riverside, the Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi, and the Asian Development Bank, Manila. Thanks to the Asian Development Bank for financial support.
Spatial divisions of poverty and wealth: How much does segregation matter for educational achievement?

We explore how different spatial compositions affect the educational achievement in mathematics of 16 year-old students in Chile, a Latin American country with high income inequality and school segregation. We develop a critical review on the literature on negative "neighbourhood effects" associated with concentrated poverty, complementing it with studies concerning self-segregation preferences by members of the upper-middle class. We combine administrative data about student performance with survey data for the 52 municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile. We cluster the districts based on factors such as unemployment, economic inequality, access to services, experiences of violence and stigmatization. Using longitudinal data, we look at the effect of each of the six spatial clusters on academic performance. Spatial clusters report a significant effect, above and beyond that of individual, household, and school-level characteristics. We conclude that space complements and reinforces the processes of accumulation of socioeconomic (dis)advantages.
Estimation of impulse response functions with term structure local projections

I propose a new method to calculate impulse response functions of the term structure using term structure local projections. The method imposes a set of testable, linear, cross-equation restrictions that the term premium does not respond to a given economic shock. This substantially reduces the number of parameters to estimate and leads to notable efficiency gains compared to the standard local projection approach. Using this method, I show that contractionary monetary policy shocks increases the term premium and the effect lasts for several months. By contrast, tax and total factor productivity shocks have much smaller effects on the term premium.
Entry and Exit, Unemployment, and Macroeconomic Tail Risk – Research Dept. Working Paper No. 2018 – Dallas Fed

This paper builds a nonlinear business cycle model with endogenous firm entry and exit and equilibrium unemployment. The entry and exit mechanism generates asymmetry and amplifies the transmission of productivity shocks, exposing the economy to significant tail risk. When calibrating the rates of entry and exit to match their shares of job creation and destruction, our quantitative model generates higher-order moments consistent with U.S. data. Firm exit particularly amplifies the severity and persistence of deep recessions such as the COVID-19 crisis. In the absence of entry and exit, the model generates almost no asymmetry or tail risk.
CREATES Research Paper 2008-56 Disagreement and Biases in Inflation Expectations

Disagreement in inflation expectations observed from survey data varies systematically over time in a way that reflects the level and variance of current inflation. This paper offers a simple explanation for these facts based on asymmetries in the forecasters’ costs of overand under-predicting inflation. Our model implies (i) biased forecasts; (ii) positive serial correlation in forecast errors; (iii) a cross-sectional dispersion that rises with the level and the variance of the inflation rate; and (iv) predictability of forecast errors at different horizons by means of the spread between the shortand long-term variance of inflation. We find empirically that these patterns are present in inflation forecasts from the Survey of Professional Forecasters. A constant bias component, not explained by asymmetric loss and rational expectations, is required to explain the shift in the sign of the bias observed for a substantial portion of forecasters around 1982.
Joan Robinson from the generalization of the General Theory to the development of an ‘Anglo-Italian’ Cambridge tradition

It is a commonplace between post-Keynesian economists to consider that the establishment of post-Keynesianism as an alternative paradigm can be traced back to Eichner’s and Kregel’s paper (1975) and to the creation of the Journal of Post Keynesian Economics in 1978. However, the idea of developing an alternative paradigm based on Keynes’s findings can be traced way back before this moment. Joan Robinson’s readers can agree that her intellectual project consisted on creating a general framework of economic analysis based on the “Keynesian revolution”, which started as the extension of some of Keynes’s findings to the long-period. Robinson’s intellectual itinerary-and her change of methods (See Salanti (1996) or Harcourt (1996))was marked by her several attempts to achieve this task. The latter turned out to be quite complicated, as it implied considering the effects of the variation of the stock of productive equipment on the economy. Robinson was one of the first authors to advocate the integration of Keynes’s short-period to Sraffa’s long-period analysis in an alternative framework to neoclassical economics and “bastard Keynesianism”.
Whistleblowing Intentions Among Jordanian Auditors: The Role Of Financial Incentives And Authentic Leadership

The act of whistleblowing to detect and rectify misconducts in organizations is currently a subject of growing interest, and is also increasingly supported. Worldwide, the subject of whistleblowing has been expansively researched but in Jordan, it still unexplored. Aside from the use of financial incentives, this study attempts to determine how else the authentic leaders affect the act of internal whistleblowing amongst external auditors. This study obtained sample from both big 4 and non-big 4 audit firms in Jordan. Data were analysed using SMART-PLS. The outcomes show the authentic leadership as the most significant predictor of whistleblowing intent amongst auditors. Also, financial incentives have a positive linkage to internal whistleblowing. Both audit firms and scholars of organizational governance can have better awareness of the determinants of whistleblowing proclivity among auditors through this study‘s findings, and it is clear that there should be more support mechanisms provided by audit firms in Jordan if they desire the employees to come forward and report misconduct that their peers committed. Moreover, future studies can be done to identify more factors which lead to report misconduct among auditors.
Combining Ability for Grain Yield and its Components in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

Combining ability analysis and gene action studies were carried out involving 8 lines and 5 testers in barely for grain yield and its components. The variance due to parents was significant for days to 50% flowering, plant height, spike length, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant indicating that parents possess good amount of genetic variability. The variance due to hybrids was highly significant for all the traits suggesting that good amount of variability generated among the hybrids. The variance due to lines x testers was also highly significant for all the traits. The relative estimates of variance due to sea were higher than variance due to gca for all the traits studied, except days to flowering, indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action. For 1000-grain weight the parents namely 30thIBON-325, 30thIBON-361, DWR28, BH589 and PL709 were good general combiners, whereas the parents 12thHBSN-1, 12thHBSN-25, VJM201 and 12thHBSN-176 were poor general combiners. For grain yield per plant the parents namely 30thIBON-343, 12thHBSN-1, DWR28, BCU71 and PL426 were good general combiners, whereas the parents VJM201, 30, hIBON-361. BH589 and 12thHBSN-176 were poor general combiners. The crosses 30thIBON-361 x 12thHBSN-176, 30thIBON-361 x PL426, 30thIBON-325 x PL 426 and DWR28 x PL426 for 1000-grain weight; and the crosses 30thIBON-343 x 12thHBSN-176, 30thIBON-361 x BCU71, 12thHBSN-1 x PL426 and 12thHBSN-25 x PL426 for grain yield recorded significant sea effects as well as high per se performance. The parents 30thIBON-361 and PL426 for eariiness, 12thHBSN-176 and BCU71 for spike length, 12thHBSN-25 and PL426 for grains per spike, 30thIBON-343 and BCU71 for tillers per plant, and PL426 for 1000-grain weight and grain yield seems to be good specific combiners.
The Role of Knowledge Management on the Competitive Advantage of Food and Beverage Firms in South East Nigeria

DOI: 10.21276/sjebm.2018. 5.7. 8 Abstract: The study examines the Role of Knowledge Management on the Competitive Advantage of Food and Beverage firms in South East Nigeria. The objective of the study is to ascertain the extent to which collaborative learning improves employees‘ knowledge empowerment for organizational sales growth. Firms are struggling to gain competitive advantage in order to survive among fierce numerous competitors. To achieve this, firms must know how to create, share and use the knowledge through the company and aligning it to the company strategy and process as well. Besides, managers have to realize which knowledge strategy should be chose to improve the company‘s activities to gain competitive advantage. Systematic random technique and Random sampling technique were used for the study. Crobanch‘s formula was adopted in the determination of the sample size of 553. A structured 5 Likert-scale questionnaire was designed based on: Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Undecided (U), Disagreed (D) and strongly Disagree (SD). 502 of the 553 respondents of the staff of food and beverage firms were randomly selected. Test and re-test method was used to establish the reliability of the instrument. Data collected from the field, were presented using descriptive statistics such as tables, frequencies and simple percentage. The hypothesis was tested using Z-test statistical tool and SPSS. It was found that enhanced collaboration had significant effect on employees‘ empowerment that increased sales growth in the firm.
The Eastern Partnership and the Danish EU Presidency: Caught between Realism and Disillusion

In 2008 and 2009 the policy developed into The Union for the Mediterranean, the Eastern Partnership and the Black Sea Synergy. Since those times the political and economic climate has changed dramatically in the EU with the global economic and financial crises, EU enlargement fatigue, a HR and an EESS under fire and the EU “perpetuum mobile,” treaty change in the form of Lisbon and now the fiscal treaty all making the EU look inward instead. One exception to this inward trend was the Arab Spring in 2011, but this has drawn the EU’s political attention almost exclusively towards the southern neighbourhood.
Self-Sampling for Neural Point Cloud Consolidation

We introduce a novel technique for neural point cloud consolidation which learns from only the input point cloud. Unlike other point up-sampling methods which analyze shapes via local patches, in this work, we learn from global subsets. We repeatedly self-sample the input point cloud with global subsets that are used to train a deep neural network. Specifically, we define source and target subsets according to the desired consolidation criteria (e.g., generating sharp points or points in sparse regions). The network learns a mapping from source to target subsets, and implicitly learns to consolidate the point cloud. During inference, the network is fed with random subsets of points from the input, which it displaces to synthesize a consolidated point set. We leverage the inductive bias of neural networks to eliminate noise and outliers, a notoriously difficult problem in point cloud consolidation. The shared weights of the network are optimized over the entire shape, learning non-local statistics and exploiting the recurrence of local-scale geometries. Specifically, the network encodes the distribution of the underlying shape surface within a fixed set of local kernels, which results in the best explanation of the underlying shape surface. We demonstrate the ability to consolidate point sets from a variety of shapes, while eliminating outliers and noise.
Graph-based Modeling of Online Communities for Fake News Detection

Over the past few years, there has been a substantial effort towards automated detection of fake news on social media platforms. Existing research has modeled the structure, style, content, and patterns in dissemination of online posts, as well as the demographic traits of users who interact with them. However, no attention has been directed towards modeling the properties of online communities that interact with the posts. In this work, we propose a novel social context-aware fake news detection framework, SAFER, based on graph neural networks (GNNs). The proposed framework aggregates information with respect to: 1) the nature of the content disseminated, 2) content-sharing behavior of users, and 3) the social network of those users. We furthermore perform a systematic comparison of several GNN models for this task and introduce novel methods based on relational and hyperbolic GNNs, which have not been previously used for user or community modeling within NLP. We empirically demonstrate that our framework yields significant improvements over existing text-based techniques and achieves state-of-the-art results on fake news datasets from two different domains.
Factorization Algebras for Classical Bulk-Boundary Systems

We study a certain class of bulk-boundary systems in the Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) formalism. We construct factorization algebras of observables for such bulk-boundary systems, and show that these factorization algebras have a natural Poisson bracket of cohomological degree 1.
Testing dissipative collapse models with a levitated micromagnet

We present experimental tests of dissipative extensions of spontaneous wave function collapse models based on a levitated micromagnet with ultralow dissipation. The spherical micromagnet, with radius $R=27$ $\mu$m, is levitated by Meissner effect in a lead trap at $4.2$ K and its motion is detected by a SQUID. We perform accurate ringdown measurements on the vertical translational mode with frequency $57$ Hz, and infer the residual damping at vanishing pressure $\gamma/2\pi<9$ $\mu$Hz. From this upper limit we derive improved bounds on the dissipative versions of the CSL (continuous spontaneous localization) and the DP (Diosi-Penrose) models. In particular, dissipative models give rise to an intrinsic damping of an isolated system with the effect parameterized by a temperature constant -- the dissipative CSL model with temperatures below 1 nK is ruled out, while the dissipative DP model is excluded for temperatures below $10^{-13}$ K. Furthermore, we present the first bounds on dissipative effects in a more recent model, which relates the wave function collapse to fluctuations of a generalized complex-valued spacetime metric.