Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cobalt and Chromium Ions Affect Human Osteoclast and Human Osteoblast Physiology In vitro

Introduction: Cobalt-Chromium (Co-Cr) alloys are widely used in biomedicine owing to their resistance to corrosion, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Despite the increase in its use in orthopaedic surgery, a number of unique complications (elevated serum levels of Co and Cr ions, development of pseudotumour, neck narrowing, osteolysis and fracture) have been recently reported with Metal-on-Metal (MoM) bearings. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of Co and Cr ions on human osteoblasts and human osteoclast biology. ` Materials and methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been used as a source of osteoclast precursors whilst SaOS-2 cells have been used as osteoblasts. Both cell types have been cultured in the presence of Co2+ or Cr3+ ions. Results: We have found that 100 μM Co2++ induced a significant increase in the number and the size of multinucleated tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclasts as well as the number of nuclei per osteoclast. In contrast, 100 μM Cr3+ significantly decreased the number of newly-formed osteoclast but had no effect on the size or the number of nuclei per osteoclast. Interestingly, 100 μM of Co2+ was capable of strongly inhibiting bone resorption whereas 100 μM of Cr3+ had no significant effects on this parameter. The alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased by low concentrations of Co2+ and decreased by high concentrations of Cr3+ after 24 h and 48 h. Moreover, the degree of mineralization of a new bone matrix in vitro was significantly reduced when the SaOS-2 cells were exposed to high concentrations of Cr3+, but significantly increased when they were exposed to Co2+. Discussion: These results suggest that long-term exposure to “chronic” levels of metal ions damages the functional behaviour of bone cells and subsequently may affect bone quality.
Nitrogen and Dry Matter Accumulation, Remobilization, and Losses for Mediterranean Wheat during Grain Filling

Dry matter and N accumulated by winter wheat (Triticum spp.) plants until anthesis are of importance under a Mediterranean climate because yield greatly depends on translocation of pre-anthesis assimilates to grain. This field study was conducted to assess the effect of N fertilizer and cultivar on the amount of pre-anthesis dry matter and N accumulated and remobilized, and the possible N losses. Two bread (T. aestivum L.) and two durum (T. durum Desf.) wheat cultivars were grown in a silty clay (Typic Xerorthent) in 1986 and 1987 (.)
Plantio de árvores de crescimento rápido para recuperação de áreas agrícolas na Amazônia Oriental brasileira: estudo de caso com produção de milho e mandioca

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a sobrevivencia de arvores leguminosas plantadas para recuperar areas degradadas e as produtividades de milho e mandioca num sistema tradicional de agricultura de derruba-e-queima. Foram utilizados os espacamentos 1 m x 1 m, 2 m x 1 m e 2 m x 2 m para plantio de Acacia angustissima, Clitoria racemosa, Inga edulis e Acacia mangium. A especie Sclerolobium paniculatum foi plantada somente no espacamento 2 m x 1 m. Na conducao do experimento, o milho permaneceu no experimento nos primeiros quatro meses e considerado como monocultura, produziu 1.890 +/- 32 kg ha-1. A sobrevivencia das arvores, plantadas junto com milho e na mesma epoca da mandioca, nao sofreu interferencia negativa das culturas agricolas. Independente do espacamento, as arvores nao causaram impacto negativo no peso seco das raizes de mandioca. Quanto a densidade de arvores observou-se tendencia de aumento do peso seco das raizes de mandioca com a diminuicao do numero de arvores plantadas por hectare. Os resultados evidenciam a possibilidade de se manter a produtividade agricola associada ao plantio de arvores. Entretanto, a opcao pelo espacamento 1 m x 1 m deve ser cuidadosamente analisada quando o objetivo principal for a producao de alimentos. doi: 10.4336/2011.pfb. 31.68. 347
Exigências nutricionais de codornas

The nutritional requirements differ between quail chickens and laying hens and between Japanese quail and European quails. Quail require more protein (amino acids), less calcium and digest better amino acids of food in comparison with chickens, however, quails digest better energy of food fibrous, but in the same proportion as the chickens from corn and soybean meal. Likewise the chickens, the quail require more energy when on the floor and less when subjected to high ambient temperatures. It is concluded that diets for broiler chickens and should not be used as feed for European quails and Japanese.
Comparing Relationship Between Personality Traits and Ways of Coping in Samples of Pregnant Women and Students

Correspondence to: Krunoslav Matešić, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia Ilica 242, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia Tel: +385 (1) 370 6636 E-mail: krunoslav.matesic@unicath.hr Copyright © 2019 KBCSM, Zagreb e-mail: alcoholism.kbcsm@gmail.com • www.http://apr.kbcsm. hr Abstract Previous studies showed that personality predicted coping with stress, especially in young samples and samples under stress. The goal of the study was to relate personality traits and ways of coping in a normal population, in two different samples in specific stressful situations: students and pregnant women, and to compare the patterns of these relations. Undergraduate and graduate students (N = 186) and pregnant women (N = 51) anonymously filled out the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI; measuring neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOC; consisting of 8 subscales: Confrontive Coping, Distancing, Self-Controlling, Seeking Social Support, Accepting Responsibility, Escape-Avoidance, Planful Problem Solving, Positive Reappraisal). Correlational and regression analyses were performed. The results showed that personality traits were related to ways of coping in the sample of both students and pregnant women, with somewhat different patterns. The consistent finding in both samples was that neuroticism was positively associated with Accepting Responsibility and Escape-Avoidance, while consciousness was positively associated with Planful Problem Solving and negatively associated with Escape-Avoidance. Extraversion had a different role in coping in the sample of students and pregnant women, while openness to experience and agreeableness were not related to ways of coping. To conclude, neuroticism was more related to disengagement coping styles, while consciousness and extraversion were more related to engagement coping styles.
15N natural abundance in fruit bodies of different functional groups of fungi in relation to substrate utilization

Natural abundances of 15N and N concentrations of 34 fruit bodies from 24 species of ectomycorrhizal and saprophytic fungi were measured in a temperate Central European mixed forest stand. The fungi of the two life forms are known to be capable of utilizing different types of N sources (organic N compounds from the humus, inorganic N from the soil and N from litter or wood) differing by their 15N natural abundance values. Based on the two life forms and the three different N sources, four functional groups of fungi were distinguished: (1) ectomycorrhizal fungi capable of utilizing organic N from the humus; (2) ectomycorrhizal fungi known to depend on inorganic N compounds in the soil; (3) saprophytes capable of utilizing organic N from the humus; and (4) saprophytes utilizing N from dead wood or litter. Large differences were found between species in the δ15N values (−3.0 to 3.3‰) and in the N concentrations (0.84 to 6.61 mmol eq N g dw−1) of the fruit bodies. In most cases fungi were more enriched in 15N than their respective bulk N source was. Fungi living in humus, and presumably having access to organic N compounds (groups 1 and 3), were significantly more enriched in 15N than fungi which are known to depend on inorganic N (e.g. Laccaria, group 2), or fungi living on litter or wood (group 4), irrespective of whether they were ectomycorrhizal or saprophytic species. Fungi living in humus had significantly higher N concentrations than fungi living on litter or wood.
Zoospore germination and growth of Phytophthora palmivora in stem extracts as criteria for assessing cacao resistance to canker

Zoospore germination and in vitro growth of Phytophthora palmivora were studied in extracts obtained from healthy, wounded and inoculated cacao stem tissues. Extracts from wounded and inoculated stem tissues of IMC 67 (canker resistant genotype) significantly inhibited ( P P. palmivora compared to healthy tissues and the controls. There was no significant difference in the percentage zoospore germination or the growth of the pathogen in the extracts obtained from P 18, SCA 6 and TSH 1076 (susceptible genotypes) and those of the controls, while extracts from ICS 1 and TSH 1188 (moderately resistant genotypes) gave intermediate effects. Also, germ-tube lengths were significantly shorter in IMC 67 extracts than in the controls, moderate in ICS 1 and TSH 1188 extracts and longest in P 18, SCA 6 and TSH 1076 extracts. Tests for antifungal compounds in extracts indicated the presence of phenols. The variation in inhibitory effects of cacao stem extracts on zoospore germination and in vitro growth of P. palmivora can be used as a criterion for selecting cacao genotypes resistant to canker.
Growth, maturation and survival of frogs Rana temporaria L.

A total of 1560 breeding frogs were collected in three consecutive years at sites in the west of Ireland. Alt were weighed and measured and the ages of 702 individuals were determined by skeletochronology. The length-weight relationship differed between gravid females, spent females and males, with the gravid females showing the largest weight gain for any increase in length. The majority of males bred for the first time at two years, but most females delayed maturity until they were a year older. While the two-year olds were of similar size, the females subsequently grew at a faster rate and achieved larger maximal sizes than the males. However, both sexes exhibited a decelerating growth rate with age. There was no apparent difference between the sexes in post-maturation survival, which was estimated to be about 50% annually. The oldest frogs were seven years old.
Influence of Denaturation, Hydrophobicity and Sulfhydryl Content on Solubility and Water Absorbing Capacity of Soy Protein Isolates

Solubility and water absorbing capacity of commercial soy protein isolates were correlated with structural parameters. The physico-chemical properties studied were degree of protein denaturation, surface hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl groups. The results indicated that solubility and water absorption were affected differently as the parameters were varied. These functional properties depended on more than one structural parameter. Solubility in 0.2M NaCl solution provided information about the degree of denaturation of soybean protein isolates. Isolates with highly denatured proteins, high surface hydrophobicity, low solubility in 0.2M NaCl solution and low SH exhibited the highest water absorbing capacity.
Extruded nixtamalized corn flour for making tortilla: the effect of xylanase on the depolymerization of ferulated arabinoxylans

Arabinoxylans (AXs) are cell wall non-starch polysaccharides of cereal grains and are depolymerized by xylanase affecting the rheological properties of their doughs. In this study, corn was ground and mixed with lime; xylanase (0.075 g/g corn) was diluted with water and added to the mixture to achieve a moisture content of 300 g/kg, and the mixture was extruded to obtain flour for producing tortillas. The water absorption capacity (WAC), water absorption index (WAI), AX content and molecular weight (AXMW) distribution, and ferulic acid (FA) content of the flour were then determined. The texture of the tortillas was assessed, and a sensory evaluation was performed. The flour with xylanase showed higher AX contents (24.1 g/kg dry matter) and smaller AXMW distribution (0.53–506 kDa) than the flour without xylanase. The extruded flour presented an FA content of 0.063–0.068 µg/mg AXs. The addition of xylanase decreased the tortilla firmness by 16–18.6% and had acceptable organoleptic characteristics.
Haematological and Biochemical Changes in the Blood of Ewes and Lambs after Selenium and Vitamin E Injection

Abstract Saez, T. , Ramos, J.J., Marca, M.C. , Sanz, M.C. , Fernandez, A. and Verde, M.T. 1996. Haematological and biochemical changes in the blood of ewes and lambs after selenium and vitamin E injection. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 9: 51–60. The effect of barium selenate injection in sheep and the administration of selenium and/or vitamin E in lambs during the first days of life on some haematological and biochemical parameters was studied. The administration of barium selenate in sheep (50 mg/animal) 3 weeks before the introduction of the males increases significantly (P>0.01) the GSH-Px activity during gestation and post-partum. Lambs born from injected ewes had a higher GSH-Px activity (P>0.01) in the first week as well as three weeks later. Lambs injected with 3 mg of selenium and 100 mg of vitamin E in the first week of life had high GSH-Px activity 3 weeks later. The lambs injected with 100 mg of vitamin E in the first week of life had GSH-Px activity similar to that of the control group. Lactate dehydrogen.
Two New Species of Isospora from the Desert Skink (Chalchides ocellatus) from the Egyptian Desert

Isospora chalchidis n. sp. and Isospora eimanae n. sp. were isolated from the desert skink, Chalchides ocellatus, order Squamata, from Egypt. Sporulated oocysts of I. chalchidis n. sp. were spheroidal 19 × 19 (18–20.5 × 18–20.5) μm with a 2–layered walled. Oocysts lacked a micropyle and residuum and few polar granules were present. Sporocysts were lemon-shaped 12.2 × 6.5 (9.5–13 × 5–8) μm with a Stieda body and sporocyst residuum but without a substiedal body. Isospora eimanae n. sp. were spheroidal 18.5 × 18.5 (17–19.5 × 17–19.5) μm with a 2–layered wall. There were oocysts without residuum or polar granule, but with small micropyle at 1 end. Sporocysts were ovoid 12 × 8.5(11–13 × 7.5–9) μm with a small Stieda body and sporocyst residuum but without a substiedal body.
Detection the role of physiological factors to produce carotenoid pigment in Staphylococcus aureus

for extraction and quantitation of carotenoid pigment production. Different culture conditions were used to determine optimum pigmentation such as type of culture media, different pH values, temperature, and finally daily bacterial sub-culturing for more than 2 weeks. Nutrient agar was found to be the best medium with the highest production (1.09). Optimum pH value was 6.5 and gave (1.8) carotenoid. Also results showed that pigment was produced at 37 o C more than at 42 o C. Daily repeated sub culturing had a negative impact on pigment production. Colonies gradualy lost pigmentation and became white in color. Also, sub-culturing was shown to affect the volume of the colonies as they became smaller on solid media.
The effect of season and of supplementary feeding on the rumen contents of African cattle grazing subtropical herbage:II. pH values and concentration and proportions of volatile fatty acids

1. Africander and Mashona steers, fitted with rumen cannulae, were used to study pH values and concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen of cattle grazing on natural subtropical pasture through the year. Some steers received concentrated, foods in winter. During the summer, rainy season, two Africander and two Mashona steers were studied while in winter a further four steers, two of each breed, were added to the trial. The eight steers in winter were divided into four similar groups, one group received a carbohydrate-rich concentrate, another group received a protein-rich concentrate, a third group was given both concentrates, while the fourth group received no additional food.
Unconventional Monetary Policy, Bank Lending, and Security Holdings: The Yield-Induced Portfolio-Rebalancing Channel

Abstract This article studies the impact of unconventional monetary policy on bank lending and security holdings. I exploit granular security register data and use a difference- in-differences regression setup to provide evidence for a yield-induced portfolio rebalancing: Banks experiencing large average yield declines in their securities portfolio, induced by unconventional monetary policy, increase their real-sector lending more strongly relative to other banks. The effect is stronger for banks facing many reinvestment decisions. Moreover, I find that banks with large yield declines reduce their government bond holdings and sell securities bought under the asset-purchase program of the European Central Bank (ECB).
Early development of the Australian crimson-spotted rainbowfish, Melanotaenia fluviatilis (Pisces: Melanotaeniidae)

This paper describes the early ontogeny of the crimson-spotted rainbowfish Melanotaenia fluviatilis. Eggs ranged in size from 0.98 to 1.07 mm and 35-45 oil droplets were present, as were numerous adhesive filaments which originated from one point. Hatching was predominantly 7-9 days after spawning at 25.5oC. At hatching, larvae (4.2 mm standard length) had a reduced but still present yolk sac and were strong enough swimmers to remain in the upper 1 cm water layer. The swim bladder inflated within 10 h of hatching and the first ingested food was observed after 12 h. At 32 days after hatching, the mean larval length was 13.86 rnm and at 72 days was 21 mm. Knowledge of the critical developmental stages described in the paper is important in understanding the impact of the major biotic modifying factors influencing the impact of chemicals and other pollutants on rainbowfish, especially given that they are used by ecotoxicologists as a surrogate species for Australian freshwater fish in general.
Does Monetary Policy Affect Stock Market Return? Recent Evidence from Nigerian Stock Exchange (1986-2018)

The nexus between monetary policy and stock market return has remained a topic of debate in the literature. We determined whether stock market return in Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) is affected by monetary policy or not. To this end, we employed the Autoregressive Distribute Lag (ARDL) model using data from 1986 to 2018 bearing in mind that our conclusion in this subject matter may be used to make assertion by other researchers who have interest in this area of study in finance. We are convinced beyond reasonable doubt based on the data we employed that the stock market return in Nigeria is not significantly affected by adjustments in monetary policy instruments of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN): the apex regulator of the financial system in Nigeria. This paper wholeheartedly reflects the opinion that the Central Bank of Nigeria should consider reducing the current double digit monetary policy rate to a single digit say 9% at most to attract investments in the stock market. This would reduce the prime lending rate because, high interest rate reduces cash flows of firms quoted in the exchange, and thus contraction in values of securities traded on the market.
Roost characteristics of invasive mynas in Singapore

We identified factors affecting the selection of roost sites by invasive white-vented (Acridotheres javanicus) and common (A. tristis) mynas in urban Singapore. In addition, we examined the effects of experimentally manipulating canopy cover and food abundance on roosting populations. Multivariate analysis, binary logistic regression, and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) showed that mynas selected roost trees with dense canopies that were closer by 603.5 m to food centers and surrounded by 2.6% more vegetation than random non-roost trees. Based on Wilks' Lambda, we ranked canopy density as the most important variable, followed by proximity to food centers. Canopy density and food abundance manipulation experiments showed that although both resulted in a decrease in the number of roosting mynas, canopy density reduction had a greater effect, as predicted by the roost-selection model. The canopy of existing roosts can be thinned to alleviate the problem caused by roosting mynas. Stringent control of refuse at food centers also should be implemented to make such areas less attractive to mynas. Planting large and densely covered trees, particularly angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) and tropical apple (Eugenia grandis), near food centers should he avoided by park and urban managers.
Inclusion of fresh forage in the ration for dairy cows: effects on CLA and trans C18:1 isomers content of milk fat

Riassunto Inclusione di foraggio fresco in razioni miscelate per vacche da latte: effetto sul contenuto di CLA e di isomeri trans C18:1 nel grasso del latte. In un disegno sperimentale a quadrato latino 2X2, sei vacche pluripare di razza Frisona Italiana al sesto mese di lattazione sono state alimentate con una dieta basata su foraggio fresco e un’integrazione di farina di mais (dieta F) oppure con una dieta basata su fieno di erba medica e insilato di mais, integrati con farina di mais, farina di estrazione di soia e semi interi di soia estrusi (dieta S). La dieta S ha consentito di ottenere livelli medio-alti di acido linoleico, CLA, acido vaccenico e acido oleico (rispettivamente 3,31, 0,91, 1,77, 16,54 g/100 g lipidi totali). La dieta F, invece, non ha dato i risultati attesi. I contenuti di CLA, di acido vaccenico e di acido linolenico, infatti, sono risultati bassi (rispettivamente 0,24, 0,64 e 1,06 g/100 g lipidi totali).
Impact of phosphorus application and sheep grazing on the botanical composition of sown pasture and naturalised, native grass pasture

Botanical composition (basal cover) was measured in 4 replicated pasture treatments based on Phalaris aquatica and Trifolium subterraneum at Hall, ACT (unfertilised with low and high stocking rate; fertilised with low and high stocking rate) and in 2 unreplicated pasture treatments based on native perennial grasses (Austrodanthonia spp. and Microlaena stipoides) and T. subterraneum at Bookham, NSW (unfertilised and low stocking rate; fertilised and high stocking rate). Current economic pressures are encouraging graziers to increase their use of phosphorus (P) fertiliser and to adopt higher stocking rates. The objective of the research was to determine the changes in botanical composition that may result from these changes in grazing systems management. At Hall, annual species differed in their responses to P fertility. Notably, basal cover of Bromus spp. increased significantly with P application, whereas Vulpia spp. decreased significantly. Basal cover of T. subterraneum also increased significantly with P application when stocking rate was high, but was reduced by P application if stocking rate was low. Basal cover of perennial grasses (P. aquatica and Holcus lanatus) was significantly higher at low stocking rate when P was applied. The botanical composition of high stocking rate treatments was relatively stable over time, which contrasted with less stable composition at low stocking rate. At Bookham, fertilised pasture in unreplicated paddocks appeared to have a higher basal cover of productive annual species (i.e. Bromus spp. and T. subterraneum), but native perennial grasses appeared to have lower basal cover in comparison with the unfertilised area. These results indicated that in some cases, the influence of P fertiliser and high stocking rates on botanical composition was favourable (i.e. increased basal cover of P. aquatica and T. subterraneum) and in others it could be detrimental (i.e. lower basal cover of native perennial grasses).