Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tribological and Rheological Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Gellan Gum Composite Hydrogels

Polymeric poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based composite hydrogels are promising materials with various biomedical applications. However, their mechanical and tribological properties should be tailored for such applications. In this study, we report the fabrication of PVA-gellan gum (GG) composite hydrogels and determine the effect of GG content on their rheological and tribological properties. The rheology tests revealed an enhanced storage (elastic) modulus with increased gellan gum (GG) concentration. The results showed up to 89% enhancement of the elastic modulus of PVA by adding 0.5 wt% gellan gum. This elastic modulus (12.1 ± 0.8 kPa) was very close to that of chondrocyte and its surrounding pericellular matrix (12 ± 1 kPa), rendering them ideal for cartilage regeneration applications. Furthermore, the friction coefficient was reduced by up to 80% by adding GG to PVA, demonstrating the increased elastic modulus improved chance of survival under mechanical shear stresses. Examining PVA/GG at different concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt% of GG, we demonstrate that at a load of 5 N, the friction coefficient decreases by increasing the GG concentration. However, at higher loads of 10 and 15 N, a 0.3 wt% concentration was sufficient to significantly reduce the friction coefficient. For PVA and PVA/GG composites, we observed a reduction in friction coefficient by increasing the load from 5 to 15 N. We also found the friction to be independent of the sliding velocity. Possible mechanisms of achieving a reduced friction coefficient are discussed.
Monitoring, Evaluation and Assessment of the Use of Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a set of safety tools that are used by workers to protect themselves against the potential hazards of the work environment and accidents from occupational diseases. In practice, the use of PPE has not been optimized yet, and there are still many findings that the use of PPE is not yet appropriate, including in hospitals. One of the tasks of the Infection Prevention Control (IPC) team is to monitor, evaluate and assess the use of PPE. This study used a descriptive research design and was conducted in a hospital in Malang. There was a sample size of 50 respondents consisting of IPC nurses, IPC link nurses, and the person in charge of the shifts. Data were collected using a monitoring questionnaire, and an evaluation questionnaire using the context, input, process and product model proposed by Daniel Stuffebeams. 48% of the respondents stated that monitoring of use of PPE by the IPC team (IPC nurses, IPC link nurses, the person in charge of the shift) was insufficient. The activity of evaluating the use of PPE was considered poor (54%). Observation of the use of PPE was fairly good (35%). The monitoring, evaluation and assessment of the use of PPE carried out by the IPC team at the hospital was not optimal. However, the observations by the researchers showed that nurses’ obedience in using PPE was good. Keywords: infection prevention control, infection, personal protective equipment, monitoring, evaluation
The Genus Dicroidium from the Triassic of Nidpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Three new species of Dicroidium are desc1'ibed here from the Triassic of Nidpur, Sidhi District, Madhya Pradesh. Externally these three species are very similar to each other except that in D. nidpurensis and D. papillosum the venation is odontopteroid type, whereas, in D. gopadensis it is alethopteroid type. In the cuticular structure these species differ from each other main Iv in the presence or absence of papillae. In D. nidpurensis cell surface is smooth but in D. papillosum and D. gopadensis surface wall is usually papillate. In D. papillosum, subsidiary cells may be unspecialized or papillate, whereas, in D. gopadensis they are usually papillate.
Observations of an intense field-aligned thermal ion flow and associated intense narrow band electric field oscillations. [at auroral arc edge]

An intense downward field-aligned thermal ion flow and intense narrow band waves with frequencies just below the local ion gyrofrequency have been observed at the equatorward edge of an auroral arc. The magnitude and direction of the field-aligned current required by the measured dc electric field pattern are consistent with the ion flow measurements and with a differential drift between ions and electrons of 10–20 km/s. Such a drift is sufficient to destabilize the electrostatic ion cyclotron wave which has a narrow frequency spectrum near and above the gyrofrequency in the plasma reference frame. The narrow bandwidth of the observed electric field oscillations is in agreement with this mode, as is the frequency range which is shown to be consistent with a Doppler shift due to the relative velocity between the plasma and rocket. A second explanation for the observed ion flow involving saturation of the ion cyclotron instability by extreme heating of the plasma ions in a region above the rocket has been examined and also found to be consistent with the measurements. In this model the observed ion flow was due to a thermal expansion of the hot spot. Such heating would energize O+ ions sufficiently that they could escape the gravitational field and could hence act as a source for energetic oxygen observed in the inner magnetosphere.
Accurate measurements of the dielectric constant of seawater at L band

This paper describes measurements of the dielectric constant of seawater at a frequency of 1.413 GHz, the center of the protected band (i.e., passive use only) used in the measurement of sea surface salinity from space. The objective of the measurements is to accurately determine the complex dielectric constant of seawater as a function of salinity and temperature. A resonant cylindrical microwave cavity in transmission mode has been employed to make the measurements. The measurements are made using standard seawater at salinities of 30, 33, 35, and 38 practical salinity units over a range of temperatures from 0°C to 35°C in 5°C intervals. Repeated measurements have been made at each temperature and salinity. Mean values and standard deviations are then computed. The total error budget indicates that the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant have a combined standard uncertainty of about 0.3 over the range of salinities and temperatures considered. The measurements are compared with the dielectric constants obtained from the model functions of Klein and Swift and those of Meissner and Wentz. The biggest differences occur at low and high temperatures.
Plasma simulation studies using multilevel physics models

The question of how to proceed toward ever more realistic plasma simulation studies using ever increasing computing power is addressed. The answer presented here is the M3D (Multilevel 3D) project, which has developed a code package with a hierarchy of physics levels that resolve increasingly complete subsets of phase-spaces and are thus increasingly more realistic. The rationale for the multilevel physics models is given. Each physics level is described and examples of its application are given. The existing physics levels are fluid models (3D configuration space), namely magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and two-fluids; and hybrid models, namely gyrokinetic-energetic-particle/MHD (5D energetic particle phase-space), gyrokinetic-particle-ion/fluid-electron (5D ion phase-space), and full-kinetic-particle-ion/fluid-electron level (6D ion phase-space). Resolving electron phase-space (5D or 6D) remains a future project. Phase-space-fluid models are not used in favor of delta f particle models. A practical and accurate nonlinear fluid closure for noncollisional plasmas seems not likely in the near future.
Effect of Natural Disasters and Terrorism on Tourism Growth: Evidence from Top Ten Tourist’s Destination

Tourism is influenced by a wide range of factors and forces including exogenous ones that have no direct link to the tourism industry. Terrorism and natural disasters are two examples of such factors. Individuals, organizations and culture, all are affected by them. This study analyzes the impact of natural disasters and terrorism on tourism growth by using a panel data for the period 1995-2019 collected from a variety of sources. Tourism is the dependent variable whereas natural disasters, terrorism are independent and economic growth, tourism employment, tourism investment and alcohol consumption are the control variables of the study. This study used pooled mean group and robust least square estimation. The findings show that natural disasters and terrorism have varying degrees of impact on tourism growth. While there is a positive outcome in some situations, the overall influence is negative. Findings of the study suggest that understanding the relationship between natural disasters, terrorism, and tourism is beneficial to destination operators who are responsible for rehabilitation, restoration, and promotion.
The limits of generality for constitutional design

Abstract James Buchanan was a fervent advocate of a non-discriminatory politics. However, he translated his views on constitutional political economy into (de jure) constitutional design in an insufficiently thoughtful way. Simply writing non-discriminatory politics into a Constitution is unlikely to have the desired effect. All Constitutional language is open to interpretation and political entrepreneurs will be ready to push interpretation in their favoured directions. The history of US Constitutional law bears this out. This does not necessarily discount Buchanan's quest for constitutionalized non-discriminatory politics. However, it does mean that it must be tempered by realistic concerns regarding constitutional design. With this in mind, I suggest that focusing on procedural, rather than substantive, Constitutional provisions may be more fruitful.
Syllable structure in Bella Coola

A dispenser attachable to a user's arm adjacent the wrist forms a receptacle for a plurality of superposed sheets of nonwoven, absorbent fibrous material. These sheets are commonly known in the art of cosmetology as end wraps. The dispenser has a base portion integral with two downwardly extending resilient flanges which conform to the shape of the arm adjacent the wrist. A plurality of sidewardly extending arms is attached to the base portion. Tongue members connected to the ends of the arms mate with slots provided in the base portion. The arms generally extend in four directions at right angles to each other to form part of a bottom surface for the receptacle. Upwardly extending arms are attached to the sidewardly extending arms. Flanges, which are connected to the upwardly extending arms, extend above the bottom surface of the receptacle. The flanges are spaced from the surface in a generally parallel relationship. The flanges are paired and are connected to each other. A reinforcing arm inter-connects the pairs of connected flanges. The four upwardly extending arms are positioned along the sides of a rectangular pattern to form a receptacle for the plurality of superposed sheets. The upwardly extending arms are spaced to provide easy access to the top sheet of the plurality of superposed sheets to assist in removal of the top sheet without disturbing the next subjacent sheet.
Parallelism within serialism: primary stress is different

Abstract Primary word stress is typologically diverse. In some languages, the metrical structure of a word predicts the location of primary stress, while in other languages it does not. This diversity is considered through the lens of Harmonic Serialism (HS), a serial constraint-based theory, and it is argued that HS must incorporate a limited degree of parallelism to capture the typology. Namely, primary-stress assignment is simultaneous with foot-building and also mobile, being (re)assessed throughout a metrical derivation. But incorporating this parallelism into HS is both possible and desirable: the positive typological consequences of HS are preserved, and the implied formal divergence between the prosodic word and the foot with respect to parallelism echoes a fundamental distinction that is visible in a wide range of extant theoretical and empirical findings.
Zrsr2 Is Essential for the Embryonic Development and Splicing of Minor Introns in RNA and Protein Processing Genes in Zebrafish

ZRSR2 (zinc finger CCCH-type, RNA binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2) is an essential splicing factor involved in 3′ splice-site recognition as a component of both the major and minor spliceosomes that mediate the splicing of U2-type (major) and U12-type (minor) introns, respectively. Studies of ZRSR2-depleted cell lines and ZRSR2-mutated patient samples revealed its essential role in the U12-dependent minor spliceosome. However, the role of ZRSR2 during embryonic development is not clear, as its function is compensated for by Zrsr1 in mice. Here, we utilized the zebrafish model to investigate the role of zrsr2 during embryonic development. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated a zrsr2-knockout zebrafish line, termed zrsr2hg129/hg129 (p.Trp167Argfs*9) and examined embryo development in the homozygous mutant embryos. zrsr2hg129/hg129 embryos displayed multiple developmental defects starting at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) and died after 8 dpf, suggesting that proper Zrsr2 function is required during embryonic development. The global transcriptome analysis of 3 dpf zrsr2hg129/hg129 embryos revealed that the loss of Zrsr2 results in the downregulation of essential metabolic pathways and the aberrant retention of minor introns in about one-third of all minor intron-containing genes in zebrafish. Overall, our study has demonstrated that the role of Zrsr2 as a component of the minor spliceosome is conserved and critical for proper embryonic development in zebrafish.
An Immersive Virtual Field Experience Structuring Method for Geoscience Education

Digital outcrop models (DOMs) have facilitated quantitative and qualitative studies in digital and virtual environments of source and reservoir rock analogs important to the oil industry. The use of immersive virtual reality (iVR) to extend field experiences has motivated several research groups to develop software integrating iVR techniques with tools to interpret and derive geological information from DOMs. This virtual approach can also contribute to the development of geological and spatial thinking skills taught in the classroom and during field trips. The immersive virtual field trips (iVFTs) can provide students access to outcrops and additional data restricted to field learning activities while allowing additional interactions impossible in the field. iVFTs have been developed recently; however, the structuring of iVFTs for geology classes has not been presented in a way that inexperienced iVR users can make use of such systems. In this scenario, our work proposes a method to structure an iVFT using georeferenced data containers and the virtual reality software Mosis LAB while evaluating users' perceptions during an iVFT study case. The evaluation using technology acceptance model questionnaires showed that users were positively impacted by the observational iVFT experience, effectively supporting e-learning, and class field learning activities and preparations. This approach allows field trip experiences in less accessible study sites, especially in less favorable conditions like the ones during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic where many geoscience departments had their field trips hampered.
Brand dynasty: managing charismatic legitimacy over time

ABSTRACT Drawing upon extensive research in luxury, we investigate how firms manage to sustain charismatic legitimacy over a succession of charismatic heirs. We question the presumption that charismatic legitimacy is personal and transitory. Instead, we show that management can deal with the inherent human limitations of charismatic legitimacy by forming a brand dynasty. We define a brand dynasty as a brand in which a series of persons (brand heirs) embody the brand persona that is defined by reference to a brand founder. Our analysis identifies three general managerial practices that together transfer and when repeated sustain brand charismatic legitimacy.
Bank Credit Growth and Trust: Does Institutional Quality Matter? Evidence from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations

This study investigated whether the quality of governance, trustworthiness, and confidence impacts bank credit growth. In addition, we examined credit growth cyclicality in 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. By employing data concerning 282 banks between 2012 and 2019, this study found that trustworthiness boosted bank credit growth. Overall, the increased quality of governance was found to increase credit growth, except for the specific indicators of voice and accountability and political stability, which were found not to influence bank credit growth. Moreover, similar to prior findings in related fields, the empirical results of this study confirmed the complementary effect of informal and formal institutions on bank credit growth. Lastly, results indicated that banks were pro-cyclical regarding credit growth. Overall, the results of this study highlighted the role of the supervisory powers of governments in boosting credit expansion, mainly during economic upturns.
Hand Surgery around the World: What does my day look like?

measurements in each patient but mistakenly presented the mean of the three measurements with a precision of 0.1mm, when it should have been rounded to the nearest 0.5mm, to reflect the accuracy of the instrument. We questioned ourselves whether there are differences between the 2PD measured with the calliper and a disk. We recently used the calliper and a plastic disk (Yishu Technology Co. LTD, Tianjin, China) to measure static 2PD at the same sites of 20 fingertips in 20 normal volunteers. The same surgeon (LL) used the two instruments to measure the static 2PD of the pulp of the right index fingers (in the dominant hand) of healthy young adults. The test method was that the contact time between the tips of the instruments and the skin was 3–5 seconds, and the pressing force made the contact point slightly white. Before the test, the volunteers were clearly informed of the entire test procedure. Measurements were carried out three times with each instrument. The 2PD measured with the disk was 3–4mm. Using the calliper, the results were 2.5–3mm. The static 2PD measured with the calliper is obviously smaller than the commonly used disk. After analysis, we consider that the difference was attributable to the configuration of the tips of the two measuring instruments. The tips of the disk are blunt and obviously flatter, and measure about 1mm across, in contrast to about 0.15mm of the tips of the calliper that we used. Therefore, it is assumed that the pressure (force per unit area) of the disk on the pulp is much smaller under the same force. The sharp tips of the calliper may have caused algesia, which might have interfered with our 2PD results. Through the above test, we have come to realize that the static 2PD could be 20–34% larger when measured with a disk instead of the instrument we used. We speculate that the static 2PD would be about 6–11mm if a disk had been used to assess 2PD in the venous flaps that we reported. We consider that our article could be misleading, giving an impression that the sensory recovery achieved in our venous flap is better than has been reported by earlier investigators (Lee et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2014), which appears not to be the case.
A Novel Monoclonal Antibody 1D2 That Broadly Inhibits Clinically Important Aspergillus Species

Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous airborne fungus, is the predominant cause (>90%) of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunosuppressed patients and has a high mortality. New approaches to prevention and treatment are needed because of the poor efficacy, toxicity and side effects of the current anti-Aspergillus drugs on patients. Thus, we aim to explore a new avenue to combat Aspergillus infection by using a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1D2 against a glycoprotein on the cell wall of Aspergillus. The ability of this mAb to inhibit attachment, germination, and growth of Aspergillus conidia and hyphae in vitro were examined. A dose-dependent growth inhibition of Aspergillus conidia in the presence of mAb 1D2 was found. The mAb 1D2 inhibited attachment of Aspergillus conidia to an untreated slide surface and fibronectin-treated surface compared to an unrelated mAb 6B10. When conidia were exposed to 1D2 concomitantly with inoculation into culture media, the mAb prevented the swelling and germination of conidia. This inhibitory ability of 1D2 was less apparent if it was added two hours after inoculation. Damage to hyphae was also observed when 1D2 was added to Aspergillus hyphae that had been incubated in media overnight. These in vitro results indicate that mAb 1D2 broadly inhibits clinically important Aspergillus species and has a promising therapeutic effect both as prophylaxis to inhibit an Aspergillus infection as well as a treatment.
Translation as discrimination: Sociolinguistics and inequality in multilingual institutional contexts

Abstract Sociolinguistic approaches to social justice tend to treat the use of interpreters or translators as a remedy to linguistic inequality in multilingual institutional settings. This article challenges this assumption by showing how translation can instead contribute to inequality and discrimination. Drawing on studies of face-to-face interpreting in judicial contexts and of written translation in linguistic landscapes, it explores inequalities found in habitual practices of professional interpreters and in the use of machine translation. It shows how language ideologies about multilingualism motivate translation practices that systematically restrict the participation of speakers of subordinated languages, or that stereotype them as deviant when addressed solely by prohibitions and warnings, a practice I call ‘punitive multilingualism’. The article thus argues that sociolinguistic studies of multilingualism should pay closer attention to translation practices within a wider context of language contact and in relation to phenomena such as translanguaging, mock languages, or language shift. (Translation, interpreting, justice, linguistic landscape, discrimination)*
Didaktik modelling illustrated by sustainability teaching arrangements in preschool

This paper presents the research behind the formulation of a new didaktik model on waste and material resources in preschool. The research was part of an extensive collaborative R&D programme, involving close to 300 preschool teachers/managers and researchers, to build systematic knowledge on what may characterize teaching in preschool based on scientific grounds and proven experience. The guiding question in this specific study was what it can look like to teach sustainability issues in preschool. The teaching examined in the study was informed by the concept of didaktik as well as by pragmatic theory. Using the methodological approach of abductive analysis, a new didaktik model was designed. This process of generating a new didaktik model is part of didaktik modelling, a focus of the paper.