Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Academic Outcomes for Students of Part-Time Faculty at Community Colleges: How and Why Does Instructors' Employment Status Influence Student Success?

More than half of community college courses are taught by part-time faculty, and the reliance on part-time faculty to teach developmental education courses and gateway math and English courses is even more prevalent. Drawing on data from six community colleges, this study estimates the effects of part-time faculty versus full-time faculty on students’ current and subsequent course outcomes in developmental and gateway courses, using course fixed effects and propensity score matching to minimize bias arising from student self-sorting across and within courses. While students with part-time instructors have better outcomes in their current course and similar pass rates in the next course in the sequence, they are 3 to 5 percentage points less likely to enroll in that subsequent course. The negative effects on subsequent enrollment are driven by results in math courses. Notably, the estimated effects do not change substantially after controlling for instructors’ demographic characteristics and degree attainment, but the size of the estimated effects is reduced by up to 40% when the analytic model accounts for course scheduling. Results of a survey on faculty professional experiences at the six colleges in the study suggest that part-time faculty had less institutional knowledge than full-time faculty did about both academic and nonacademic services. Given that part-time faculty did not have negative effects on the pass rates of students who did enroll in subsequent courses, it appears more likely that inferior working conditions for part-time faculty, rather than inferior instructional practices, are driving the negative effects on students’ subsequent course enrollment.
Which resources matter for what impacts? Resource mobilization and impacts of local SMOs in rural Lithuania, 2004–2006

Abstract Resource Mobilization Theory (RMT) posits that the key to social movement organizations’ (SMOs’) success is their ability to mobilize resources. Yet there has been little research verifying this claim. This study uses the case of post-Soviet rural Lithuania to test the link between human, social, material, and organizational resources of SMOs and three types of organizational impacts: issue awareness, local support, and media coverage. Using original data from 165 rural advocacy organizations that spans the period of 2004 to 2006, we demonstrate that the effects of different resources vary in significance and strength for differentoutcomes. Furthermore, no single resource type consistently predicts all impacts. This research contributes to RMT by (1) identifying which resource types predict specific organizational impacts, (2) extending RMT to the unique context of post-Soviet Lithuania, and (3) illuminating the relationship between resources and impacts for an understudied unit of analysis (small, newly founded nonprofessionalized organizations).
Are Schools in the U.S. South Using Special Education to Segregate Students by Race?

Whether students of color are more or less likely to be identified as having disabilities than similarly situated students who are White in U.S. states with histories of de jure and de facto racial segregation is currently unknown. Unadjusted analyses of large samples of students attending elementary and middle schools in the U.S. South yielded little evidence of minority overrepresentation in special education. In analyses adjusted for strong confounds (e.g., family income, student-level achievement), students of color were less likely than White students to be identified as having disabilities. Underidentification was evident (a) for the U.S. South in aggregate, (b) across 11 Southern states that we separately examined, (c) in cross-sectional samples assessed in 2003 and 2015, and (d) for specific disability conditions. Black and Hispanic students attending schools in the U.S. South have been and continue to be less likely to be identified as having disabilities than otherwise similar White students.
Entrepreneurship education, institutions and student entrepreneurship: a cross-country analysis

ABSTRACT Although the effect of entrepreneurship education (EE) on student entrepreneurial behaviour is well documented, the institutional context within which EE and student entrepreneurship interact remains overlooked. Understanding this context is critical since the prevalence of student start-ups is determined by factors from both internal and external university environments. Drawing from institutional theory, this research examined the effect of EE on the rates of student entrepreneurship, particularly how this relationship is moderated by formal and informal institutions. Analysing 67 country samples in 2014 and 2016, we found that high-level EE, and an entrepreneurial culture are factors that spur student start-ups. In addition, two important findings are revealed in this study: 1) EE is impactful to students when taught at a high, not basic, level; and 2) informal institutions have a stronger influence on student entrepreneurship than formal institutions.
Flow research in music contexts: A systematic literature review

The purpose of this study was to review flow research in music contexts from 1975 until the first quarter of 2019. Specifically, frequencies/percentages were calculated for (a) output in five-year periods; (b) publication type; and (c) methodologies employed, including measurement instruments used. Content analyses were also conducted on topics covered. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, a total of 3,341 records were examined, with 95 studies eventually included in the analysis. Findings indicated a steady increase in research output over the last 25 years. Studies overwhelmingly sampled participants from Western populations, especially the United States. The majority of quantitative studies used self-report questionnaires, of which those developed by Jackson and colleagues were most prevalent. Among the qualitative approaches, interviews and observations were the most common means of data collection. Topics covered in the studies reviewed include the psychophysiological aspects of flow, transmission and group experience of flow, the association of flow with a range of positive outcomes, factors that contribute to flow experiences, and flow experiences of young children. Implications for future research were proffered in light of the findings.
The Role of Functional MRI in Understanding the Origin of Speech Delay in Autism Spectrum Disorders

E.A. Kliuev, PhD Student, Department of Radiological Diagnostics; G.E. Sheyko, MD, PhD, Assistant, Department of Medical Rehabilitation; М. G. Dunayev, Junior Researcher, Department of Functional Diagnostics, University Clinic; S. А. Abramov, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Institute of Pediatrics, University Clinic; V.V. Dvoryaninova, Assistant, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology; Junior Researcher, Department of Functional Diagnostics, University Clinic; О. V. Balandina, Head of the University Center of Psychology and Children Development; N.N. Karyakin, MD, DSc, Rector; А. N. Belova, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Functional Diagnostics, University Clinic; Head of the Department of Medical Rehabilitation
What Works in Prisoner Reentry? Reviewing and Questioning the Evidence.

MORE THAN 600,000 individuals will leave state prisons and return home this year. That is 1,600 a day, and a sixfold increase in prisoner releases since 1970. Of course, inmates have always been released from prison, and corrections officials have long struggled with how to facilitate successful transitions. But the current situation is decidedly different. The increase in number of releasees has stretched parole services beyond their limits, and officials worry about what assistance can be provided at release. Research confirms that returning prisoners need more help than in the past, yet resources have diminished. Returning prisoners will have served longer prison sentences than in the past, be more disconnected from family and friends, have a higher prevalence of untreated substance abuse and mental illness, and be less educated and employable than their predecessors. Legal and practical barriers facing ex-offenders have also increased, affecting their employment, housing, and welfare eligibility. Without help, many released inmates quickly return to crime.
DI SPIGELIO: QUANDO LA TC-SCAN NON BASTA.

Spigelian hernias are only 1-2% of all types and are considered a very uncommon condition: it develops through a weaker area between the semilunar line and the lateral edge of rectal muscle. There is an association with female sex, obesity, prior surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, abdominal trauma or coexistence of other wall defects. The content is intraperitoneal fat or omentum, sometimes small bowel or colon. Symptoms, like abdominal pain, lateral lump and altered bowel habits are linked to the most common complication: incarceration. The CT scan can be useful in confirming the abdominal wall defect and in discriminating the content and can help in the choice of the best surgical
How does China appraise self and others? A corpus-based analysis of Chinese political discourse

Political discourse is a major site where ideological construction of both Self and Others is carried out. Based on a corpus of 98 political texts issued by Chinese governing bodies from 2000 to 2018, this study adopts Appraisal System to analyse the lexical items that indicate attitudes towards China and other countries with a view to revealing the ways in which China and other countries are appraised in Chinese political discourse. It is found that (1) Chinese political discourse does represent the ideological square of positive Self-presentation and negative Other-presentation, but more frequently it negatively evaluates China’s things (appreciation) rather than its behaviours (judgement) while more negative appraisals are used to describe Others’ behaviours rather than Their things, (2) interestingly, while China upturns Others’ negative profiles, it also upscales negative presentation of Self; likewise, China mitigates negative presentation of both Self and Others, (3) Chinese political discourse allows more external voices when expressing its attitudes towards Self. The analysis shows that the producers of Chinese political discourse skilfully use appraisal resources, sometimes implicitly, to construct a subtle but dynamic ‘Self versus Other’ ideological structure in Chinese political discourse, which enhances the understanding of China’s moderate view on itself and others in its pursuit of national interests.
I would like to live over the rainbow: Dreams of young children

Dreams are an indicator of the extent of imagination. Young children have simple, fabulous and happy dreams. This study tries to determine the dreams of young children. For this purpose, drawings and narrations of 483 children aged between 3–4 and 5 years attending the kindergartens and pre-school classes in a city and district in the southwestern Turkey concerning their dreams were examined. In the study, Clark’s Drawing Abilities Test was used and the drawings were classified according to their subject areas. At the end of the study, it was determined that young children made drawings reflecting the culture in their dreams, and their dreams varied according to their age, gender and residence location. Dreaming is a multi-directional cognitive process that is affected by factors like culture, age, gender and residence location.
Intrinsic Foot and Ankle Flaps

Foot and ankle soft tissue reconstructions often require a team approach, which at the minimum includes a wound care team, a vascular surgeon, a foot and ankle surgeon, a plastic surgeon, an infectious disease specialist, an endocrinologist, and a prosthetist. The initial factors that always need to be addressed include establishing adequate blood flow, controlling infection, and offloading the foot. Blood flow status has to be assessed to ensure good blood flow to the angiosome(s) where the wounds are located and where reconstruction is to occur. Wounds then need to be accurately assessed, debrided, and cultured. The repair is then dictated by the ultimate residual function of the foot and ankle and hence focused on how the wound can be closed in a biomechanically stable construct without recurrent breakdown. This may involve skeletal manipulation, tendon lengthening and/or partial foot and leg amputations. In this chapter, the main intrinsic foot flaps are described to expand the range of reconstructive soft tissue options that plastic surgeons can use to close small defects. The details of the individual flap dissections are described in several atlases on flaps. More importantly, repeated cadaver dissection of these flaps, emphasizing the blood supply, is the most reliable way to become facile in their use.
Analysis of the Relationship between the Communication of the Class Teachers and Their Skills to Solve Interpersonal Problems

In this study, it has been aimed to research whether the communication and interpersonal problem solving skills of classroom teachers who work in the first level of primary schools are significantly different or not depending upon the variables of gender; age; professional length of service, the school that they graduated from; the socio-economic level of the environment of the school that they work at; classroom level that they work for and if there is a significant relationship between their communication and interpersonal problem solving skills. The scope of the study consists of total 702 teachers that work as a classroom teacher in the first level of primary schools in the central towns of Adana province which are Seyhan, Yüreğir, Çukurova and Sarıçam. “Teacher Communication Skills Scale” was used to measure the teachers’ communication skills, “Interpersonal Problem Solving Inventory” was used to measure the interpersonal problem solving skills and ‘Personal Information Form’ which was prepared by the researcher was used to define the personal characteristics. As a result of the study, it has been found out that there is a difference between the teachers’ communication and interpersonal problem solving skills and the variables of gender, age, professional length of service, the school that they graduated from and the socio-economic level of the school that they work for. We found no difference between communication and interpersonal problem solving skills according to the classroom level that they teach. At the end of the research, it has been found out that there is a significant relationship between the communication and interpersonal problem solving skills of the teachers.
School-Based Interventions for Reducing Youths’ Racial and Ethnic Prejudice

Minoritized youth encounter racial and ethnic prejudice and discrimination in a variety of settings, including schools. Prejudice refers to harboring negative attitudes and beliefs toward targeted social groups; discrimination reflects translating those attitudes into actions that marginalize targeted groups. Exposure to racial and ethnic discrimination has been associated with numerous detrimental outcomes for youth, including poorer mental health outcomes and lower levels of academic performance. This article describes the nature of racial and ethnic discrimination encountered by minoritized youth as well as its impact on these populations. It also reviews research on prejudice reduction interventions for youth, with a focus on those interventions designed for school settings. In light of existing research, several policy recommendations support high-quality, evidence-based programming in schools.
Contrast, Commonality, and a Call for Clarity: A Review of the Use of Core Practices in Teacher Education

In recent years, substantial resources have been invested in researching and describing the enactment of “core practices” of teaching in teacher education. This review of the literature examined more than 40 articles published between 2008 and August 2018 in an effort to determine how teacher educators are supporting teacher candidates to learn about and enact core practices of teaching. The review of the literature presented here demonstrates two distinct approaches that teacher educators use to introduce and prepare teacher candidates to enact core practices: a predesigned enactment approach and an open-design enactment approach. Our goal in identifying these two approaches is to illuminate the role and actions of teacher educators in core-practice work and to demonstrate that the decisions teacher educators make in core-practice work are complex and nuanced, and require further description than heretofore available.
Generation Z's Positive and Negative Attributes and the Impact on Empathy After a Community-Based Learning Experience

iv Introduction.1 Formative Experiences of Generation Z.2 Financial Security.3 Perception of Mortality.4 Emotional Security.5 Technological Advances.6 Parenting.12 Gender Differences in Empathy.14 How Gen Z Benefits from Meaningful Experiences: Community-Based Learning.17 Current Study.20 Methods.20 Participants.21 Procedures.22 Results.24 Discussion.28 Appendices.33 References.38 GEN Z’S ATTRIBUTES AND THE IMPACT ON EMPATHY AFTER A CBL EXPERIENCE iv
Direct and Indirect Relationships Between Life Satisfaction, Values, and Time Perspectives: Research on a Sample of Polish Students

This study concerned the relationships among personal values (conformity, tradition, benevolence, universality, self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, safety), time perspectives by Zimbardo (past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic, future) and life satisfaction. The main hypothesis stated that value priorities would predict life satisfaction both directly and indirectly through time perspectives. 237 Polish students (120 females) took part in the study. Path analysis demonstrated that life satisfaction was directly and positively predicted by the value of benevolence, and indirectly and negatively by conformity and tradition via the past negative time perspective. Life satisfaction was also indirectly predicted by the values of hedonism and security via the future time perspective - Hedonism was a negative, and security a positive predictor of future time perspective, and the future time perspective was a positive predictor of life satisfaction. The significance of these results for mechanisms and predictors of life satisfaction is discussed.
First-Year maternal employment, resources, and trajectories of father engagement with preschoolers

ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of maternal employment status during the first year of a child’s life on the trajectory of fathers’ engagement with preschool-aged children, using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 969). Further, the role of resources was examined regarding the relationship between first-year maternal employment and the fathers’ engagement trajectory, guided by the conservation of resources (COR) theory. Analyses of the growth curve models found that during children’s preschool years, the engagement trajectory of fathers whose wives were employed declined more rapidly than that of fathers whose wives were not employed. When resources are held constant, the engagement trajectory of fathers whose wives were employed declined less rapidly, resulting in an increased trajectory difference. These findings emphasize the importance of trajectories of father engagement associated with maternal employment when designing intervention programmes to increase fathers’ engagement with their infants.
Pneumococcal Invasive Disease in Children: Effect of Vaccination

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the major bacterial causes of invasive disease with significant morbidity and mortality. The ability of pneumococci to cause disease is directly related to the production of a capsule that promotes evasion of the host immune system of the patient. A large variety of capsular types can be produced by pneumococci but only a small number of these cause the majority of invasive disease. In February 2000, a protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against the serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F (PCV7) was licensed for use in infants and young children. This vaccine has to be safe, immunogenic, and effective in preventing pneumococcal disease in children. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine also prevents asymptomatic colonization of the nasopharynx by PCV7 serotypes. It was expected that the broad usage of the vaccine would significantly reduce the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and the levels of pneumococcal resistance significantly because of the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of the PCV7 serotypes. Good results for this vaccine have led the World Health Organization to recommend the introduction of PCV7 into national immunization programs worldwide. However, important questions have recently been raised regarding the effectiveness of PCV7, especially if serotype replacement limits the efficacy of this vaccine. Recently, several authors have reported an increase in infections caused by non-PCV7 serotypes. In addition, resistance to commonly used antimicrobials has significantly increased among nonvaccine serotypes. Virulent pneumococcal serotypes not covered by the PCV7 vaccine and serotype replacement make it essential that there be continued monitoring and surveillance of pneumoccocal colonization and invasive disease.
A grounded theory of a sense of not belonging in the workplace and implications for self-concept

Research suggests that a need to belong is a fundamental human need, motivating a wealth of behaviour, and that thwarting of this need has powerful consequences for emotion and self-esteem. As a place where we spend a lot of time, the workplace is increasingly central to a sense of belonging, and as such, a sense of not belonging (SoNB) in the workplace might have important implications for our psychological well-being. The aim of this Grounded Theory study was to develop an understanding of the emotional, cognitive and behavioural processes involved in a SoNB in the workplace. In-depth interviews with 12 participants exploring their experiences of a SoNB revealed a theoretical framework. This framework constituted the key attributes and moderators of the phenomenon, participant’s emotional experiences, and the cognitive and behavioural strategies employed to resolve the experience. It also identified a potential process through which the experience occurs. Core to this phenomenon was self-concept, the meaning participants attributed of having the experience to their sense of self. SoNB was found to undermine self-efficacy and self-esteem, as well as undermine a consistent and coherent self-concept through the conflict that emerged between who individuals thought they were, versus who they became during the experience. The study makes a unique contribution to knowledge by providing an understanding of the subjective, lived experience of a sense of not belonging in the workplace that reveals the centrality of the self-concept. It offers a holistic, comprehensive synthesis of findings from previous research which has explored individual aspects of the experience, and presents a substantive theory of a sense of not belonging in the workplace. Recommendations for future research, particularly in terms of exploring the proposed relationships are made, as well as recommendations for application of the findings in practice.