Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Acute Alcohol Consumption on Cycling Anaerobic Exercise Performance: A Randomized Crossover Study

PURPOSE: Some athletes consume alcohol prior to training and sports events, possibly because they believe that alcohol may aid in reducing pain and anxiety, increasing confidence, and promoting aggressiveness. While previous studies have shown that alcohol con sumption acutely impairs endurance exercise performance, its effects on anaerobic exercise performance have not been well estab lished. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of a small dose of alcohol on anaerobic exercise performance. METHODS: In a randomized crossover design, nine healthy and recreationally active males (n=6) and females (n=3) participated in the study. Subjects consumed 0.7 g of alcohol per kg of lean body mass or a calorie/volume-matched sucrose beverage. Reaction time tests were performed before and 25 minutes after beverage consumption. Following the second reaction time test, subjects performed the 20-second Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). RESULTS: Compared to the sucrose drink, alcohol showed no significant effects on peak power (p=.903), average power (p=.970), percentage power drop during WAnT (p=.593), or total energy produced during WAnT (p=.923). Moreover, alcohol did not affect the time course of power output during a 20s WAnT (p=.999 for all time points). In addition, reaction time was not significantly different when comparing alcoholic with sucrose drinks at different timepoint (Before; p=.999, After; p=.364). CONCLUSIONS: Although some athletes consume alcohol prior to engaging in sports events, assuming that it may improve anaerobic exercise performance, the results of the present study show that acute consumption of alcohol does not have effects on anaerobic exer cise performance when compared to the control beverage.
FEELING FOR THE STONES: NEW THINKING ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT

From the mid-1980s, the "Washington consensus" on trade led to the most important trade reforms across the developing world and transition economies in recent history – despite developments in trade theory which had challenged conventional wisdom, notably by Krugman (1980, 1986). 2 However, while there were some notable successes – not all attributable to the application of orthodox trade policies there were also a number of failures, especially in Africa, and there has recently been some serious re-thinking in the Bretton Woods institutions about trade policy prescriptions. On the other hand, in the WTO many negotiators remain attached to a relatively undiluted version of orthodoxy on trade policy in particular – at least as to what their trading partners should be doing. A hard line on industrial policy and safeguards for agriculture challenges the development intentions of the Doha Round and suggests that the brief of some developed country negotiators is: “Do what I say, not what I do! ” The failure of the July 2008 talks in the WTO show that negotiating hard ball has triumphed over the need for cooperation and understanding. Hopes that Aid for Trade might pave the way for a compromise have faded amid concerns about funding and possible new conditionalities.
Environmental risk factors for gastric cancer: a protocol for umbrella review of meta-analyses

Gastric cancer is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer globally, accounting for 5.7% of the new cancer cases in 2018[1]. Gastric cancer remains an important global concern because it is the third leading cause of cancer death[1] and its increasing incidence[2]. Therefore, it is crucial to develop prevention strategies for gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection, a WHO class I carcinogen, is a significant risk factor of gastric cancer; however, only 0.5% of infected individuals would develop gastric cancer[3]. This data suggests that there are other additional risk factors for gastric cancer. A large body of research has been performed to investigate the association between various environmental factors and gastric cancer, including dietary factors, tobacco smoking, and alcohol drinking. However, the precision and strength of these existing studies need to be clarified. Umbrella review is one of the most useful tools for a clear understanding of a broad topic area. It provides a comprehensive overall picture of findings for specific questions based on high-level evidence of published systemic reviews and meta-analyses[4]. Thus, this study aimed to conduct an umbrella review of systemic reviews and meta-analyses that investigated gastric cancer risk factors.
Response of Conservation Agriculture on System Productivity and Carbon Sequestration in Rice-Based Cropping Systems

Low crop yields due to constant monocropping systems and deteriorating soil health in a smallholder farmers’ field of Indo-Gangetic plains of India have led to a quest for sustainable production practices with greater resource use efficiencies. The aim of the study was to elucidate the short term effects of conservation agricultural systems on productivity, soil health and carbon sequestration rate of soils in three different diversified cropping systems. The treatments consisted of two different tillage systems (conventional and reduced tillage), two mulch levels (no and straw mulch) and two levels of fertility (100 and 75% RDF) were compared in three rice-based cropping systems (rice-wheat; rice-vegetable pea-greengram; and rice-potato-maize sequences) for two years on an experimental field (clay loam) located at Norman E Borlaug Crop Research Center, Pantnagar, India. The resource conservation technologies (RCT) i.e. reduced tillage, mulch, and 100% RDF had recorded 2.5 and 3.0% higher system productivity and relative production Original Research Article Pandiaraj et al.; IJECC, 10(10): 24-34, 2020; Article no.IJECC. 60269 25 efficiency in rice-vegetablepea-greengram and rice-potato-maize sequences, respectively in two consecutive years. Conservation tillage had sequestered three times higher carbon than conventional tillage while mulching acted four times higher than non-mulched condition in agricultural soils. Even though cropping system not significant significantly influenced on carbon sequestration, rice-vegetablepea-greengram sequence had recorded higher carbon sequestration rate and higher soil organic carbon stock noted in surface plough sole layer than any other cropping systems. Therefore, our results suggested that Indo-Gangetic farmers should consider adopting resource conservation practices together in indogangetic area because of benefits to soil health, carbon sequestration and system productivity.
The influence of Atlantic climate variability on the long-term development of Mediterranean cold-water coral mounds

This study provides a detailed reconstruction of climatic events affecting a cold-water coral mound located within the East Melilla Coral Province (Southeast Alboran Sea) over the last 300 ky. Based on benthic foraminiferal assemblages, macrofaunal quantification, grain size analysis, sediment geochemistry, and foraminiferal stable isotope compositions, a reconstruction of environmental conditions prevailing in the region is proposed. The variations in planktonic and benthic δ 18 O values indicate that cold-water coral mound formation follows global 20 climatic variability. Cold-water corals develop during both interglacial and glacial periods, although interglacial conditions would have allowed better proliferation. Environmental conditions during glacial periods, particularly during the Last Glacial Maximum, appear to better suit the ecological requirements of the erect cheilostome bryozoan Buskea dichotoma. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages suggest that high organic carbon flux characterized interglacial periods. Results from this study imply that increased influence of warm and moist Atlantic air masses 25 during interglacial periods led to increased fluvial discharge, providing nutrients for cold-water corals. Important interglacial Atlantic Water mass inflow further promoted strong Alboran Gyres, and thus mixing between surface and intermediate water masses. Increased turbulence and nutrient supply would have hence provided suitable conditions for coral development. In contrast, benthic foraminiferal assemblages and grain size distributions suggest that the benthic environment received less organic matter during glacial periods, whilst bottom flow velocity was 30 reduced in comparison to interglacial periods. During glacial periods, arid continental conditions combined to more stratified water masses caused a dwindling of coral communities in the southeastern Alboran Sea, although aeolian dust input may have allowed these to survive. In contrast to Northeast Atlantic counterparts, coral mound build-up in the southeastern Alboran Sea occurs during glacial as well as during interglacial periods and at very low aggradation rates (between 1 and 9 cm.ky -1 ). We propose that Buskea dichotoma plays an important role in long-term mound 35 formation at the East Melilla Coral Province, noticeably during glacial periods. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-82 Preprint. Discussion started: 26 June 2020 c © Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License.
STUDIES ON THE DRIFT PATTERN OF DRIFTING FISH EGGS WITH TRACERS IN UPPER YANGTZE RIVER

Investigation of fish early life history is an important technique to calculate spawning sites and estimate spawning size for fish with drifting eggs.But,drift patterns of drifting eggs are greatly different for the diverse hydrological condition in different river reach.The drift pattern of drifting fish eggs was studied in this experiment with drifting tracers,and the classic estimate method of spawning size was tested to evaluate the applicability in upper Yangtze River.The experiment was conducted in the 31 km river reach in the upper Yangtze River from Jiangjin city to Luohuang town on 7th April 2008.A total of 485800 tracers were separated into 6 groups and dyed into red,green,white,black,blue and yellow respectively,the total number of tracers of every group was 80966,80968,80966,80966,80968 and 80966 in turn.Two releasing sites were set up to test the influence of configuration of river channel on the drifting speed.A total of 58 tracers were collected in the collecting site.The results showed that the mean drifting speeds of tracers released in the same releasing site were significantly different.Drift density of tracers showed a pattern of alternate with peak and low density,and the peak density showed gradual decline as drift time increase.All the 58 tracers were collected in the main stream,it reflected that drift density in the main stream was higher than the slow flow region.So we advise the main stream should be surveyed in the fish early life history investigation.Mean drifting speeds were 1.19 m/s,1.03 m/s,1.05 m/s and 1.22 m/s for red,green,white and black tracers respectively.There was no significantly difference for mean drifting speeds released in the two releasing sites.Estimated releasing numbers of red,green,white and black tracers were 8356,11141,12533 and 48741,and corresponding for 10.3%,13.8%,15.5% and 60.2% of the total number released respectively,so the accuracy of estimation showed greatly declining as drift time increasing.No blue and yellow tracers were collected for the low drift density in the slow flow region.The total estimated number was 16.6% of the real releasing number only.So a coefficient should be added into the calculation formula to compensate the decline of accuracy caused by drift time increase when estimate spawning size in the upper Yangtze River.
Fungal and Aflatoxin Contamination of Smoke Dried Catfish and African Bush Mango Seeds (Ogbono) Sold in Markets in Selected Processing Zones in Benue State, Nigeria

The aim of this research was to evaluate the fungal and aflatoxin content of smoke dried catfish and African bush mango seeds obtained from selected processing zones in Benue State, Nigeria. Thirty two smoke dried catfish samples and forty eight African bush mango seed samples were collected from different markets in Makurdi, Katsina-Ala, Ogbadibo, Kwande and Vandeikya. These were analyzed for fungal load, fungi species and aflatoxin contamination using standard microbiological methods and ELISA technique for aflatoxin determination. The results revealed the presence of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Clasdosporium spp, Penicillium spp, Mucorspp and Fusarium spp isolated from both smoke dried catfish and African bush mango seeds; also Rhizopus spp and Saccharomyces spp from bush mango seeds. Fungal count of smoke dried catfish from Makurdi ranged from 3.28 to 4.61 logCFU/ml while that of Katsina-Ala ranged from 4.26 to 4.98 log CFU/ml. The fungal count of African bush mango seeds ranged from 3.62 to 3.94 log CFU/ml (Kwande), 3.61 to 4.93 log CFU/ml (Makurdi), 3.61 to 4.85 log CFU/ml (Ogbadibo) and Original Research Article Tersoo-Abiem et al.; EJNFS, 12(9): 43-51, 2020; Article no.EJNFS. 59496 44 4.08 to 4.89 logCFU/ml (Vandeikya). The aflatoxin concentration in the smoke dried catfish samples ranged from 4.10 to 15.00 ppb for samples from Makurdi and 2.05 to 7.45 ppb for samples from Katsina-Ala, while that of African bush mango seeds ranged from 1.75 to 3.25 ppb (Kwande), 0.00 to 1.50 ppb (Makurdi), 1.08 to 8.10 ppb (Ogbadibo) and 0.00 to 1.65 ppb (Vandeikya). Both the smoke dried catfish and African bush mango seeds had aflatoxin levels below the maximum acceptable limit of 20ppb by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control which can be considered safe, but hygienic measures must be maintained in handling such foods and better drying and preservation techniques applied in order to lower the incidence of fungi growth and aflatoxin contamination.
Effect of genotype, concentration and timing of salicylic acid application to Phalaenopsis against Dickeya dadantii infection

Sanjaya IPW, Sukma D, Sudarsono, Chan MT. 2020. Effect of genotype, concentration and timing of salicylic acid application to Phalaenopsis against Dickeya dadantii infection. Biodiversitas 21: 4317-4324. Soft -rot disease caused by Dickeya dadantii (Dd) is one of the most devastating infection, affecting the cultivation of Phalaenopsis in tropical regions. Salicylic acid (SA) is known as an inducer of resistance against pathogens in some plant species. The study aims to identify the effects of genotypes, concentrations, and timing of salicylic acid application to Phalaenopsis against D. dadantii inoculation. In experiment 1, eight Phalaenopsis genotypes were treated by 60 ppm SA and then inoculated with D. dadantii. At a dose of 60 ppm, SA did not increase the resistance to D. dadantii in any genotypes. In experiment 2, a representative of a very susceptible genotype (P. amabilis) was treated with high SA concentrations (60, 360, and 720 ppm). The results demonstrated that at SA concentrations of 360 and 720 ppm, slightly increase P. amabilis resistance to D. dadantii. In experiment 3, the most effective SA concentration (720 ppm) was used at 2, 3, 5, or 7 days after SA treatment. The timing of the SA application did not affect the resistance of P. amabilis to D. dadantii. The present study shows that SA concentrations up to 60 ppm did not inhibit D. dadantii infection. Nevertheless, such inhibition was observed at a high SA dose (720 ppm) for a short period.
A new phylogeny of cerapodan dinosaurs

ABSTRACT This work attempts at providing a revised framework for ornithischian phylogeny, based on an exhaustive data compilation of already published analyses, a critical re-evaluation of osteological characters and an in-depth checking of characters scoring to fix mistakes that have accumulated in previous analyses; we have also included recently described basal ornithischians, marginocephalians and ornithopods. ‘Heterodontosaurids’ are recovered as a paraphyletic group of basal Marginocephalia that progressively lead to the dome-headed ‘true’ pachycephalosaurs. ‘Heterodontosaurids’ consequently fall within Pachycephalosauria sensu Sereno, 1998. The reconfiguration of basal cerapodan relationships pulls the origins of ornithopods to the earliest stages of the Jurassic. Based on the present analysis, we also discuss ornithopod relationships, with a particular focus on basal Iguanodontia. Tenontosaurus is found as the basalmost iguanodontian. The monophyly of Rhabdodontomorpha in a position more derived than Tenontosaurus is supported by the present analysis.
The Effectiveness of School Closures and Other Pre-Lockdown COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies in Argentina, Italy, and South Korea

The rapid spread of COVID-19 forced policy-makers to swiftly find solutions to reduce infection rates and keep mortality as low as possible. Empirical analyses on the effectiveness of control measures are hereby of primary importance. School closures were among the earliest measures enacted by the governments of most countries. However, while schools are now reopening in many countries, the impact of school closures on the course of the epidemic is still an open question. Adopting parametric and non-parametric synthetic control methods we estimate the effectiveness of pro-active school closures, and other early social distancing interventions, in three countries that reacted relatively early during the course of the pandemic. Our findings suggest that these interventions were effective at reducing the mortality rate of COVID-19, especially when enacted early.
Cultural Diversity in the Adoption of Open Education in the Mediterranean Basin: Collectivist Values and Power Distance in the Universities of the Middle East.

In this paper, we examine how open education is adopted in the Middle East region in the context of a European-funded project for capacity building in Higher Education. Basing our study on Hofstede’s model, we examine how culture, in particularly collectivism and power distance influence the adoption of open education. In addition, we look at the relationship between internationalisation of tertiary education and open education. Based on in-depth interviews, focus group, and participatory action research with experts in the fields from Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine, our findings suggest that beyond the technical aspect and the development of content, adoption of open education in the Middle East region is influenced by cultural aspects, which needs to be taken into consideration. As an emerging sub-culture, open education has the potential to transform and change some cultural barriers related to both power distance and collectivist cultures.
Self-medication practices in the management of malaria in the city of Bukavu in Eastern of Democratic Republic of Congo

Self-medication for malaria management is very common in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study was conducted to determine the extent, characteristics and factors associated with this practice in medical area in the city of Bukavu. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out by direct interview between January and June 2018, in the internal medicine department of the General Referral Hospital (GRH) of Bukavu. Graph Pad software was used to analyze the data collected. Seven hundred eighty-five patients were consulted, among them 57.8% (average age 38.7 ± 8 years; average income: 95 ± 12 USD; gender male / female ratio: 0.47) practice self-medication with antimalarials. They used it for the first time at an average age of 6 ± 2 years. Quinine (91.4%) and ArtemetherLumefantrine (60.4%) are the most used antimalarial. Ascorbic acid (98.7%) and Paracetamol (89.2%) are the most medicines associates to antimalarial in self-medication. Several risks are incurred during this practice when the most cited are worsening side effects (53%), incomplete treatment (37%) and the occurence of side effects (37%). Age (31-46 and > 61 years old), low income (50-150 USD), membership in a health sector and the pretension of knowledge of antimalarials, predispose subjects to self-medication. Self-medication with antimalarials is very common in Bukavu. It concerns both biomedicine and traditional medicine. There is an urgent need to regulate this practice to avoid its harmful consequences.
Finance & Banking Studies

In the future, there will be more people who switch transactions in non-cash, so this research is important to make the street service provider better understand consumers better. Linkaja is one of the e-wallets established by the merger of five State-Owned Enterprises in one platform. This study aims to determine the influence of promotion mix and benefits of perception in increasing re-use of linkaja applications for consumers in the city of bandung. The method of collecting data in this study is to use a questionnaire given to 115 respondents Linkaja users in the city of Bandung. The data analysis technique used is linear regression model. The results of the questionnaire were processed using the spss for windows version 25 program. The results of the study showed that the influence of the promotion mix variable on Linkaja e-wallet repurchase intention was 68.4% and for the influence of perceived usefulness variables on Linkaja e-wallet repurchase intention was 71.17%. Whereas for the simultaneous effect it was obtained the result of 51.4% and the remaining 49.6% was influenced by other factors.
A ug 2 02 0 AN ENERGY METHOD FOR AVERAGING LEMMAS

This work introduces a new approach to velocity averaging lemmas in kinetic theory. This approach—based upon the classical energy method—provides a powerful duality principle in kinetic transport equations which allows for a natural extension of classical averaging lemmas to previously unknown cases where the density and the source term belong to dual spaces. More generally, this kinetic duality principle produces regularity results where one can trade a loss of regularity or integrability somewhere in the kinetic transport equation for a suitable opposite gain elsewhere. Also, it looks simpler and more robust to rely on proving inequalities instead of constructing exact parametrices. The results in this article are introduced from a functional analytic point of view. They are motivated by the abstract regularity theory of kinetic transport equations. However, we may recall that velocity averaging lemmas have profound implications in kinetic theory and its related physical models. In particular, the precise formulation of such results has the potential to lead to important applications to the regularity of renormalizations of Boltzmann-type equations, as well as kinetic formulations of gas dynamics, for instance.