Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multilayer-WS2:ferroelectric composite for ultrafast tunable metamaterial-induced transparency applications

An ultrafast and low-power all-optical tunable metamaterial-induced transparency is realized, using polycrystalline barium titanate doped gold nanoparticles and multilayer tungsten disulfide microsheets as nonlinear optical materials. Large nonlinearity enhancement is obtained associated with quantum confinement effect, local-field effect, and reinforced interaction between light and multilayer tungsten disulfide. Low threshold pump intensity of 20 MW/cm2 is achieved. An ultrafast response time of 85 ps is maintained because of fast carrier relaxation dynamics in nanoscale crystal grains of polycrystalline barium titanate. This may be useful for the study of integrated photonic devices based on two-dimensional materials.
Dieckol Isolated from Eisenia bicyclis Ameliorates Wrinkling and Improves Skin Hydration via MAPK/AP-1 and TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathways in UVB-Irradiated Hairless Mice

Repetitive exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) is one of the main causes of skin photoaging. We previously reported that dieckol isolated from Eisenia bicyclis extract has potential anti-photoaging effects in UVB-irradiated Hs68 cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anti-photoaging activity of dieckol in a UVB-irradiated hairless mouse model. In this study, hairless mice were exposed to UVB for eight weeks. At the same time, dieckol at two doses (5 or 10 mg/kg) was administered orally three times a week. We found that dieckol suppressed UVB-induced collagen degradation and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -3, and -9 expression by regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad2/3 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling. In addition, dieckol rescued the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) and effectively restored the mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS)-1/-2 and hyaluronidase (HYAL)-1/-2 in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. We observed a significant reduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), epidermal/dermal thickness, and wrinkle formation in hairless mice administered dieckol. Based on these results, we suggest that dieckol, due to its anti-photoaging role, may be used as a nutricosmetic ingredient for improving skin health.
PATIENT’S RESILIENT EFFORTS IN THE RAMPAGE OF CORONAVIRUS EXPERIENCES OF COVID-19 PATIENTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Being infected with the new Covid-19 disease in addition to physical risks, leads to difficult and different psychological experiences due to the nature and specific features of the disease. Successful patient management requires a comprehensive understanding of patients' experiences. This study was conducted to explain the experiences of patients with Covid- 19 using content analysis approach. This is a qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach. Purposeful sampling was performed in 10 Janu ary to 25 April 2021with the participation of 10 patients with Covid-19 referred to convalescent home No. 1 in Zahedan southeast of Iran. Semi-structured interview was used to collect data, which was analyzed according to the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman method. Data analysis resulted in the formation of a main theme; “patient’s resilient efforts in the rampage of coronavirus”, as well as three categories and 7 subcategories. The main categories included; the basis for spread of coronavirus, breaking free from fears under the protection of spirituality, and mutual support between patient and family. It seems that patients with Covid-19 were trying to resist the coronavirus by resorting to spirituality and family support, so the "patients' resilient efforts in the rampage of coronavirus" was identified as the main theme of this study.
Buffeting forces on rigid circular cylinders in cross flows

Experimentally measured steady and unsteady forces induced by a cross flow over a smooth circular cylinder are reported in this paper. The measurements were made in the 0·305 m research water tunnel of the Pennsylvania State University. The parameters examined include the Reynolds number, which was varied over a range of 2 × 104 to 2 × 106, free-stream turbulent intensity, integral length scale-to-diameter ratio and active span-to-diameter ratio; however, this paper includes only some of these results. Among the results reported are the complete mean drag data on all the cylinders tested and some fluctuating force data chosen to illustrate the effects of Reynolds number and active span-to-diameter ratio on the measured forces in uniform and turbulent cross flows. From these results, it can be concluded that the unsteady forces bear a functional relation to Reynolds number in the range tested which is very similar to the well-documented behaviour of the mean drag. Thus the effect of free-stream turbulence on both the steady drag forces and the unsteady forces is to shift the transitional region to a lower Reynolds number. Decreasing the active span-to-diameter ratio increases the buffeting lift coefficient at the same Reynolds number. Finally, it is observed that the Strouhal lift signal at transitional Reynolds numbers is no longer quasi-periodic but rather resembles a narrow-band random signal.
Banach spaces with the extension property

Recently, in these Transactions, Nachbin [N] and, independently, Goodner [G] have shown that if B has the extension property and if its unit sphere has an extreme point, then B is equivalent to a function space of this sort; both authors have also proved that such a function space has the extension property. The above theorem simply omits the extreme point hypothesis, and so establishes the equivalence. My original proof, of which the proof given here is a distillate, depends on an idea of Jerison [j]. Briefly, letting X be the weak* closure of the set of extreme points of the unit sphere of the adjoint B*, B can be shown equivalent to the space of all weak* continuous real functions / on X such that/(x) = —f( — x), and then properties of X are deduced which imply the theorem. The same idea occurs implicitly in the proof below. Note. Goodner asks [G, p. 107] if every Banach space having the extension property is equivalent to the conjugate of an abstract (L)-space. It is known (this is not my contribution) that the Birkhoff-Ulam example ([B, p. 186] or [HT, p. 490]) answers this question in the negative, the pertinent Banach space being the bounded Borel functions on [0, 1 ] modulo those functions vanishing except on a set of the first category, with ||/|| = inf {K: \f(x) | g K save on a set of first category}. 1. Preliminary definitions and remarks. A point x is an extreme point of a convex subset K of a real linear space if x is not an interior point of any line segment contained in K (i.e., if x=ty + (l — t)z, 0<t<l, y£K, and z(E.K, then x=y=z). A set I is a support of K if L is a convex, nonvoid subset of K such that each line segment contained in K which has an interior point in L is contained in L. If x is an extreme point of L and L is a sup-
Levels of evidence and study designs

In this article, various designs of clinical trials used to obtain new scientific knowledge in the field of clinical medicine are considered from the position of their evidential value in studying the cause‑and‑effect relationship between the influencing factor and result of its potential effect on human health. Basic differences between observational and experimental trials, their limitations due to peculiarities of design of clinical trials are being discussed. A conclusion is made that validity of results of clinical trials should be assessed taking into account the limitations that are typical of various designs. Accuracy of clinical trials depends on many factors that can distort the obtained results as compared with true values. It is noted that observational trials are subject to systematic and accidental errors to a greater extent than experimental ones. It occurs because design characteristics do not allow observational trials to control the mistakes associated with possible incompatibility of comparison groups. They can detect a statistical relation between the phenomena, but only randomized clinical trials can prove that there is a causal relationship. Accuracy of a randomized clinical trial can be increased using systematic reviews and meta‑analysis.
Surface pressures and sound produced by turbulent flow over smooth and rough walls

This paper is a summary account of empirical models of the turbulent boundary layer wall‐pressure spectrum and radiated sound. Terminology, definitions, and formulas are reviewed to enable the reader to gain access to the current literature. Empirical representations are given for the wall‐pressure wave number‐frequency spectrum and the acoustic pressure frequency spectrum for both smooth and rough walls at low mean flow Mach numbers, and for the wall point‐pressure spectrum at arbitrary Mach number.
Changes in the spectrum of a partially coherent light beam propagating in free space

The effect of spatial coherence of a source on the spectrum of the emitted light is studied for a class of beamlike fields. The source is assumed to be planar, secondary, and quasi-homogeneous. We consider in detail the situation in which the source spectrum is a line with a Gaussian profile and the degree of spectral coherence is characterized by a Gaussian distribution. The changes that the spectrum undergoes as the emitted light propagates from the source plane to the far zone are illustrated by computed curves. Two factors are shown to contribute to changes in the spectrum: effects due to the finite size of the source, which tend to shift the emitted spectral line toward the shorter wavelengths (a blue shift), and effects due to source correlations, which tend to shift the line toward longer wavelengths (a red shift). The magnitude of the resulting shift in the far zone depends on the direction of observation. These results are in qualitative agreement with the recent experimental observations of Faklis and Morris [ Opt. Lett.13, 4 ( 1988)].
Spectroscopy of silica layers containing Si nanocrystals: Experimental evidence of optical birefringence

We report an unusual case of spectral filtering by a silica waveguide containing Si nanocrystals (Si-nc’s) deposited on a silica plate. For a number of Si-rich silica (SiOx) slab waveguides annealed at 1100°C, the TE and TM waveguide mode cutoff positions are found in the inversed order with respect to the classical waveguide theory for an isotropic material. Using the cutoff and m-line spectra, this unusual behavior was explained assuming an optical birefringence of the material. For the highest Si content (x∼1.5), we estimated a maximal positive birefringence of ∼8%. The cutoff spectrum simulated with the optical parameters extracted from the m-line measurements corresponds well to the cutoff spectrum directly obtained by measuring waveguided luminescence. This agreement shows that the spectral filtering effect of silica layers containing Si-nc can be described within the quantitative model of delocalized waveguide modes. The possible origin for the observed birefringence is discussed.
The construction of an Islamic capitalism through Pagang Gadai amongst the Minangkabau people

Abstract The Minangkabau ethnic group has a pawn system called Pagang Gadai (PG) that is oriented towards high social values. This pawn system aims to help people in need; the affluent can help those who need assistance. However, as time went by this social motive has shifted into a profit-oriented business motive hiding behind this pawning activity. Even more, this shift can be seen from the large number of tribal assets that have been pawned although they are not allowed to be used as collaterals. In light of this phenomenon, this study aimed to understand the form of this pawn system shift in Minangkabau that had made the pawning of tribal assets a common practice. The data collection was conducted using in-depth interview method. Fifteen pawnbrokers were interviewed; they were selected through the purposive sampling technique and were limited using the snowball sampling technique. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using a qualitative approach. The results of this study show three important findings in the shift in the pawning motive in Minangkabau. Firstly, the shift in the pawn system has resulted in a capitalistic lifestyle. Secondly, this shift has weakened the position of the pawnbrokers because of their financial fragility. Thirdly, these pawnbrokers ultimately cannot enjoy the benefits of the pawned assets in whole or in part. This study concludes that this occurring shift has been the result of the decline in Minangkabau traditional values, a pragmatic lifestyle, and weakening compliance with applicable laws.
UV Radiation Induces Specific Changes in the Carotenoid Profile of Arabidopsis thaliana

UV-B and UV-A radiation are natural components of solar radiation that can cause plant stress, as well as induce a range of acclimatory responses mediated by photoreceptors. UV-mediated accumulation of flavonoids and glucosinolates is well documented, but much less is known about UV effects on carotenoid content. Carotenoids are involved in a range of plant physiological processes, including photoprotection of the photosynthetic machinery. UV-induced changes in carotenoid profile were quantified in plants (Arabidopsis thaliana) exposed for up to ten days to supplemental UV radiation under growth chamber conditions. UV induces specific changes in carotenoid profile, including increases in antheraxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin and lutein contents in leaves. The extent of induction was dependent on exposure duration. No individual UV-B (UVR8) or UV-A (Cryptochrome or Phototropin) photoreceptor was found to mediate this induction. Remarkably, UV-induced accumulation of violaxanthin could not be linked to protection of the photosynthetic machinery from UV damage, questioning the functional relevance of this UV response. Here, it is argued that plants exploit UV radiation as a proxy for other stressors. Thus, it is speculated that the function of UV-induced alterations in carotenoid profile is not UV protection, but rather protection against other environmental stressors such as high intensity visible light that will normally accompany UV radiation.
Economic Growth, FDI, Trade Openness, and Inequality: Standing of Asian Economies

The main objective of this study is to identify the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness (TO) on income inequality in 25 Asian economies using panel data from 1991 to 2018. The effects of FDI and trade openness on income inequality in the Asian region has been examined by using the Kuznets curve hypothesis on the growth–inequality relationship and employing a random effects model, generalized least squares, and system GMM estimations. This study found that the effect of FDI and trade openness on inequality is positive as they enhance income inequality in the Asian region. It also found that the growth–inequality relationship is non-linear with an inverted U-shape, which indicates that growth increases inequality in Asian economies to a certain level; after that, an additional increase in per capita GDP decreases the income inequality. This study exposed that FDI and trade openness have increased inequalities in the Asian region, making it difficult to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 within the stipulated timeframe. Asian economies should therefore review investment- and trade-related policies to reap the benefits and to ensure equitable income distribution.
A Novel Thermal Model for the Lattice Boltzmann Method in Incompressible Limit

A novel lattice Boltzmann thermal model is proposed for studying thermohydrodynamics in incompressible limit. The new model introduces an internal energy density distribution function to simulate the temperature field. The macroscopic density and velocity fields are still simulated using the density distribution function. Compared with the multispeed thermal lattice Boltzmann models, the current scheme is numerically more stable. In addition, the new model can incorporate viscous heat dissipation and compression work done by the pressure, in contrast to the passive-scalar-based thermal lattice Boltzmann models. Numerical simulations of Couette flow with a temperature gradient and Rayleigh? Benard convection agree well with analytical solutions and benchmark data.
Comparative effect of stocking density and flock size on performance and egg quality of laying hens in conventional and furnished California cages

Two experiments were carried out with an objective to test the comparative performance of laying hens reared in conventional California cages vs furnished California cages with regards to production performance, egg quality parameters and immune status. Experiments were conducted at Poultry Research and Training Centre, Department of Poultry Science, Nagpur Veterinary College during 2019-21. Commercial White Leghorn (BV300) hens (n =72) in each experiment were assigned into two treatments with six replicates in conventional and furnished California cages, and reared for a 20 week period. The furnished cages (FC) are provided with perches, nesting area and scratch pad to meet the natural behaviour of the birds. There were two different treatments viz. 548 cm2/b×6 birds and 645cm2/b×6 birds to see the effect of different stocking density in cages. The performance of the laying hens reared in furnished cages were recorded and compared with findings of birds reared in conventional California cages (CC). The results showed that body weight, weight gain, hen day egg production percentages, feed : egg ratio, egg weight and proportion of broken eggs and dirty eggs were not significantly affected by cage types. However, Haugh unit and albumen height of the eggs from furnished cages hens were significantly higher than those from the conventional California cage hens. While H/L ratio and corticosterone values were significantly lowest in furnished cage system birds. It can be concluded from study that the layer birds can be reared in stress free condition in furnished cage system.
A note on applications of stochastic ordering to control problems in insurance and finance

We consider a controlled diffusion process where the controller is allowed to choose drift and volatility from a set when . By choosing the largest at every point in time, an extremal process is constructed which is under suitable time changes stochastically larger than any other admissible process. This observation immediately leads to a very simple solution of problems where ruin or hitting probabilities have to be minimized. Under further conditions this extremal process also minimizes ‘drawdown’ probabilities.
Approximate Clustering Via the Mountain Method

We develop a simple and effective approach for approximate estimation of the cluster centers on the basis of the concept of a mountain function. We call the procedure the mountain method. It can be useful for obtaining the initial values of the clusters that are required by more complex cluster algorithms. It also can be used as a stand alone simple approximate clustering technique. The method is based upon a griding on the space, the construction of a mountain function from the data and then a destruction of the mountains to obtain the cluster centers. >
Effect of amorphization and carbon co-doping on activation and diffusion of boron in silicon

We investigate the impact of amorphization and C co-implantation on B diffusion and activation properties after conventional spike rapid thermal annealing (RTA). We observe that after complete recrystallization at 600°C the B tail deepens by 5nm (at 5×1018at.∕cm3) due to B diffusion in a-Si. After spike RTA it becomes 12nm deeper with respect to an as-implanted profile, which proves that both diffusion mechanisms in a-Si and c-Si are important. However, the B diffusion in c-Si is sensitive to the fraction of substitutional C incorporated into c-Si. The best junction depth is Xj=16.5nm, with abruptness of 2nm/decade and Rs=583Ω∕◻.
Immunovascular microenvironment in relation to prognostic heterogeneity of WNT/β‐catenin‐activated hepatocellular carcinoma

WNT/β‐catenin‐activated hepatocellular carcinoma (W/B subclass HCC) is considered a molecularly homogeneous entity and has been linked to resistance to immunotherapy. However, recent studies have indicated possible heterogeneity in the immunovascular microenvironment in this subclass. We set out to test the hypothesis that specific immunovascular features might stratify W/B subclass HCCs into tumors having distinct aggressive natures.
Long-term Surgical Outcomes in Oligometastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Study

Background We reviewed the clinical outcomes of patients with oligometastatic (OM) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received multimodal therapy including lung surgery. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 117 patients with OM NSCLC who underwent complete resection of the primary tumor from 2014 to 2017. Results The median follow-up duration was 2.91 years (95% confidence interval, 1.48–5.84 years). The patients included 73 men (62.4%), and 76 patients (64.9%) were under the age of 65 years. Based on histology, 97 adenocarcinomas and 14 squamous cell carcinomas were included. Biomarker analysis revealed that 53 patients tested positive for epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, or ROS1 mutations, while 36 patients tested negative. Metastases were detected in the brain in 74 patients, the adrenal glands in 12 patients, bone in 5 patients, vertebrae in 4 patients, and other locations in 12 patients. Radiation therapy for organ metastasis was performed in 81 patients and surgical resection in 27 patients. The 1-year overall survival (OS) rate in these patients was 82.8%, and the 3- and 5-year OS rates were 52.6% and 37.2%, respectively. Patients with positive biomarker test results had 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates of 98%, 64%, and 42.7%, respectively. These patients had better OS than those with negative biomarker test results (p=0.031). Patients aged ≤65 years and those with pT1–2 cancers also showed better survival (both p=0.008). Conclusion Surgical resection of primary lung cancer is a viable treatment option for selected patients with OM NSCLC in the context of multimodal therapy.
Supermassive Black Holes, Large Scale Structure and Holography

A holographic analysis of large scale structure in the universe provides an upper bound on the mass of supermassive black holes at the center of large scale structures with matter density varying as as a function of distance r from their center. The upper bound is consistent with two important test cases involving observations of the supermassive black hole with mass times the galactic mass in Sagittarius A* near the center of our Milky Way and the 2 × 109 solar mass black hole in the quasar ULAS J112001.48 + 064124.3 at redshift z = 7.085. It is also consistent with upper bounds on central black hole masses in globular clusters M15, M19 and M22 developed using the Jansky Very Large Array in New Mexico.