Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amino‐acid composition of lucerne and of lucerne and grass protein preparations

The ammo-acid composition of lucerne herbage cut at six stages of maturity has been determined by an ion-exchange chromatographic procedure and compared with that of protein preparations isolated from lucerne and grasses. The protein preparations from grass and lucerne were of closely similar amino-acid composition; no appreciable difference in composition could be detected between protein preparations from young or mature lucerne. The amino-acid composition of lucerne-herbage N differed from that of the protein preparations; this difference arose because these herbages contained about 30% of their nitrogen in a water-soluble form, only part of which was present as free amino-acids. The amino-acid composition of lucerne herbage changed little as maturity increased.
CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE A CONTAGEM DE CÉLULAS SOMÁTICAS (CCS) E O TEOR DE GORDURA, PROTEÍNA, LACTOSE E EXTRATO SECO DESENGORDURADO DO LEITE

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a correlacao entre a contagem de celulas somaticas (CCS) e o teor de gordura, proteina, lactose e extrato seco desengordurado do leite (ESD). Foram utilizadas 12 vacas da Raca Holandesa malhadas de preto, ordenhadas mecanicamente, duas vezes ao dia. Foram coletadas amostras de leite, a cada 16 dias, durante as ordenhas da manha e da tarde. Este material coletado foi acondicionado em frascos plasticos com conservante (Bronopol), mantidos entre 2o e 6 o C, para fins de analise dos teores de proteina bruta, gordura, lactose, extrato seco total, ESD e CCS. Houve correlacao positiva entre as variaveis analisadas. Assim, quando se aumenta a CCS, aumenta tambem os teores de gordura, lactose e ESD, porem nao houve diferenca significativa entre a CCS e o teor de proteina (P>0,05).
Diversidad de pseudomonas fluorescentes en cultivos de papa de la region Cundiboyacense y su actividad antagonista in vitro sobre Rhizoctonia solani

Fluorescent Pseudomonas are one of the most important benefic bacteria of the rizhosphere. It is because they can control some soil borne phytopatogen agents as a result of their antagonistic capacity. There are few works about the composition and diversity of fluorescent Pseudomonas in tropical countries. In this work we studied the composition of fluorescent Pseudomonas form different potato crops located at the Cundiboyacense region between 2100 and 3200 mosl, which is the most important area of potato production in Colombia. This study also assesses the effect of some crop practices variables on rizosphere bacteria richness and diversity. Finally, it was determined the antagonistic capacity of some Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates against Rhizoctonia solani. A total of 45 rhizosphere samples were taken from 15 potato fields. To isolate the Pseudomonas it was used king B medium modified by us. Our results showed that this modified medium consistently allowed a more efficient recovery of the fluorescent Pseudomonas than the media reported in the literature. 80.7% and 82.7% of the fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from the rizosphere and rizoplane respectively were Pseudomonas fluorescens. It suggest a low fluorescent pseudomonas diversity. Our work also denotes an effect of the maize-potato crop rotation strategy on the amount of the fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from the rizosphere. These results may have importance in designing appropriate strategies for bio-controlling soil borne phytopathogens. In tropical countries like Colombia, this knowledge might help to improve crop yields. Finally it was found native isolates with antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani in the bioassays in vitro, such results if not assure an efficient control of the pathogen in field conditions, may give an idea of the potentiality of P.fluorescens to be applied as bacterial community, strains or derived products of them.
Analysis of miRNA-29a Expression in Porcine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non coding RNA that regulate gene expression as post transcriptional regulators in mammalian tissues. One of the miRNAs that participates in mammalian immune response is miR-29a. Despite the limited information of miR-29a in porcine cells, it is interesting to determine whether miR-29a involves in immune regulation in pig. In this study, we developed a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using SYBR detection system to examine the expression of primary miR-29a (pri-miR-29a) in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of mitogen. PBMCs were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) at a concentration of 10 μg/ml for 12 and 24 hours. Results showed that the expression level of pri-miR-29a decreased significantly in Con A stimulated PBMCs, while interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) increased relatively to the untreated control cells at 12 and 24 hour. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the inversed expression patterns of pri-miR-29a and IFN-γ in Con A stimulated porcine PBMCs. Future studies of the function of miR-29a should provide important insight into the roles of this microRNA in pig immune response.
Effect of light availability on dissolved organic carbon release by Caribbean reef algae and corals

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release of three algal and two coral species was determined at three light intensities (0, 30-80, and 200-400 [Mu]mol photons m-2 s-1) in ex situ incubations to quantify the effect of light availability on DOC release by reef primary producers. DOC release of three additional algal species was quantified at the highest light intensity only to infer inter-specific differences in DOC release. For species tested at different light intensities, highest net release of DOC occurred under full light (200-400 [Mu]mol photons m-2 s-1). DOC released by benthic algae under full light differed (up to 16-fold) among species, whereas DOC release by scleractinian corals was minimal (Orbicella annularis Ellis and Solander, 1786) or net uptake occurred (Madracis mirabilis Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1860) independent of light availability. DOC concentrations and light intensities were also measured in situ near seven benthic primary producers, sediment, and in the water column at nine sites evenly distributed along the leeward coast of Curacao. In situ DOC concentrations increased with light availability, although the magnitude of this positive effect differed among species and bottom types tested. In situ DOC concentrations were on average lower in November-December [87 (SD 45) [Mu]mol L -1 ] compared to May-June [186 (SD 136) [Mu]mol L-1], which can, at least partly, be explained by the lower light availability in the latter period. Our results suggest that DOC release by Caribbean benthic primary producers varies considerably among species and depends on light availability in reef algae.
Carcass percentage and quality of broilers given a ration containing probiotics and prebiotics

Probiotics is a feed additive in the form of life microorganisms that balance microorganism population in the digestive tract. While prebiotics is a feed substance which is not digested, and selectively improves growth and activity of useful microbes in large intestine. The objectives of this research were to study the carcass percentage and carcass quality of broilers given a ration containing probiotics and prebiotics. Four hundred eighty day-old chicks of broiler Arbor Acres strain were divided into four dietary treatments and three replications (40 birds / replicate). Ration used was consisted of: R1 = basal ration + 0.01% antibiotics (Z inc bacitracin ), R2 = basal ration + 0.2% probiotics ( Bacillus spp), R3 = basal ration + 0.2% probiotics + 0.5% prebiotics and R4 = basal ration + 0.5% prebiotics (katuk leaves). The variables observed were: carcass percentage, fat content in the abdomen, liver and carcass, cholesterol content in the liver, carcass and blood serum. The results showed that the carcass quality of broiler received probiotics and prebiotics either independently or the combination was significantly (P<0.05) different. The fat content of liver and thigh, and breast cholesterol of R3 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the control (R1). It is concluded that combination of probiotics and prebiotics were able to decrease the carcass fat and cholesterol content at six week of age. Key Words : Probiotics, Prebiotics, Carcass, Broilers
Aspectos mecanísticos da bioatividade e toxicidade de nitrocompostos

Nitrocompounds are bioactive molecules used as antibacterial, antiparasitic and antitumoral agents. In the past of years, these molecules have been broadly studied in several fields, such as medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemical, toxicology and electrochemistry. The nitrocompounds mode of action involves the biotransformation of the nitro group, releasing intermediates in the redox process. Some of those intermediates attack enzymes, membranes and DNA, providing the basis for their biological activity and adverse effects. In this report, some aspects regarding the biological activity, mechanism of action and toxicity of nitrocompounds are explored, purposing the research of new bioactive derivatives having low toxicity.
A New Record for the Oribatid Mite Fauna of Turkey: Lepidozetes singularis Berlese, 1910 (Acari, Oribatida, Tegoribatidae)

Ozet. Lepidozetes singularis Berlese, 1910 (Oribatida, Tegoribatidae) Turkiye'de ilk defa rapor edilir. Erciyes Da g'ndan toplanandayanarak, turun genel da glm ve ekolojisinotlarla birlikte morfolojiksunulur. Anahtar Kelimeler. Lepidozetes singularis, Oribatida, Tegoribatidae, yeni kayt, Erciyes Da g, Turkiye. Abstract. Lepidozetes singularis Berlese, 1910 (Oribatida, Tegoribatidae) is reported for the rst time in Turkey. On the basis of the specimens collected from Erciyes Mountain, its
Transformation of Fungal Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens with the Green Fluorescent Protein Gene

Eutypa lata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are important fungal grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Studies of their epidemiology and disease progression are hampered by the slow growth rates of the fungi and a lack of molecular tools. A protoplast-based transformation system was developed using hygromycin resistance as a positive selectable marker. The system was used to introduce a green fluorescent protein reporter gene that was expressed in the hyphae of both species. The reporter strains will be useful tools for further epidemiological studies. Furthermore the transformation system will allow for genetic dissection of candidate pathogenicity or virulence genes by targeted replacement or disruption, in order to discern the role of these genes in the disease process.
Suplementação mineral em cordeiros desmamados

Avaliam-se os efeitos da suplementacao de uma mistura mineral comercial (7,83% de P e 9,50% de Ca) e de sal comum (35% de Na e 25% de Cl) sobre o desenvolvimento e producao de la de ovinos em crescimento. O experimento foi realizado na EMBRAPA-CNPO, em Bage, RS, durante fevereiro/84 a marco/85. Utilizaram-se 90 cordeiros Corriedale, com idade inicial de 4-5 meses, mantidos em pastagem natural a uma lotacao de 10 cab/ha, suplementados com feno durante o inverno. Foram avaliados dados de peso corporal, producao de la, consumo mineral e conteudo de minerais na pastagem. O consumo medio diario de mistura mineral foi de 2,08 g (0,56 - 3,55) e do sal comum de 4,50 g (2,30 -7,41). A pastagem natural apresentou conteudos medios de 0,12% de P e 0,16% de Ca. Comparando-se ao grupo-controle (nao-suplementado), a suplementacao mineral, seja empregando mistura mineral comercial, seja sal comum, nao apresentou efeito significativo sobre o desenvolvimento corporal e producao de la. O consumo de mistura mineral comercial situou-se aquem das expectativas e necessidades dos animais.
Seasonal patterns of breeding, moulting, and body mass variation in Pyrenean Common Crossbills Loxia curvirostra curvirostra

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between breeding, moulting and fuel load of Common Crossbills Loxia curvirostra curvirostra inhabiting a Scots pine Pyrenean forest. Data were collected from two locations (Sierra de Uztarroz and Bigüezal) in northern Iberia by systematic mist netting between 2000 and 2008. Breeding females were detected in most months of the year except June, October and November, and with two main peaks, one in late winter (March), and another in the summer (August). Between years, reproduction was more variable in some months than in others, particularly in summer months. This suggests that breeding during the summer was more likely to be influenced by external factors and relatively opportunistic compared to winter breeding. Moulting adults of both sexes were captured during almost every month with a unimodal pattern peaking in June, similar to the pattern described for Mediterranean Crossbills. Moulting did not overlap with breeding, and our data do not support suspended moult patterns. Mean fat scores overall were low and, as was the case for body mass, showed little month-to-month variation.
Should depensation be dismissed as a possible explanation for the lack of recovery of the northern cod (Gadus morhua) stock

After 7 years of a moratorium on northern cod (Gadus morhua), there is no convincing evidence that recovery has commenced. Under the simple assumption of linear density dependence, rapid population growth is predicted. That this has not transpired leads to consideration of less simple assumptions regarding density dependence, such as depensation.
A high content screening microscopy approach to dissect the mechanism of Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic

vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . viii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x LIST OF FIGURES . xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. The endomembrane system . 2 1.2. The Golgi complex . 3 1.2.1. Golgi matrix . 4 1.2.2. Cytoskeletal control of Golgi structure and trafficking . 5 1.2. 3. Mechanisms of trafficking through the Golgi . 6 1.3. Golgi/ER membrane traffic . 9 1.3.1. Rab GTPases . 10 1.3.2. SNAREs, membrane fusion machinery . 12 1.3.3. Multi-subunit tethering complexes. 15 1.3.3.1. DSL1 complex . 15 1.3.3.2. COG complex . 16 1.3.3. 3. TRAPP complex . 17 1.3. 4. COPII transport carriers . 18 1.3. 5. COPI derived transport carriers . 20 1.3. 6. COPI-independent transport carriers . 22 1.4. Mapping the retrograde system: protein toxins and future therapeutics . 22 1.5. High content screening: Systematic approach to study trafficking . 23 1.6. Objective of study . 25 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 26 2.1 Cell culture . 27 2.2 siRNA transfection . 27 2.2.1 Solid phase reverse transfection . 27 2.2.2 Forward transfection . 28
Chutes and ladders and other games we play with rivers. I. Simulated effects of upstream passage on white sturgeon

River fragmentation by dams has often preceded declines in sturgeon populations, which suggests that reconnecting populations would contribute to their recovery. This study used a population viability model to quantify the effects of upstream passage at dams on white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) metapopulations inhabiting a series of long (source) and short (sink) river segments. Simulated river systems with high interspersion of long and short segments and a long segment far upstream supported the healthiest metapopulations, suggesting biological criteria for siting dams. Contrary to expectation, the model predicted that upstream passage, without screening or downstream passage, was harmful to the metapopulation as a whole. However, upstream passage was beneficial when downstream migration was either restricted (by screening larger fish) or made safe (by providing downstream passage). The combination of upstream and downstream passage was most beneficial at dams above a long river segment. Screenin.
New Species of Euplectrini (Hym. Chalcidoidea) from Europe, Africa and Asia

Among the large family of the Eulophidae (Chalcidoidea), the Euplectrini are closely related to the Elachertini and form with them the subfamily Elachertinae. In common with the genus Elachertus, Spin. , they have antennae with a 4-jointed funicle, complete parapsidal furrows, often longitudinal furrows on the scutellum and a petiolated abdomen. They are, however, easily distinguished by the large size of the spurs of the hind tibiae, the longest being generally more or less as long as the first two tarsal joints together.
Dynamics of habitats and macroinvertebrate assemblages in rivers of the Australian dry tropics

1. The dry tropics are characterised by episodic summer rainfall such that the majority of annual river flow occurs in a short period of time. This dryland hydrological cycle leads to variably connected channels and waterholes along the length of a river bed. 2. We investigated the seasonal changes in biophysical characteristics and macroinvertebrate assemblage composition in dry-tropics rivers at 15 sites on four rivers, each sampled five times (representing one annual hydrological cycle), in the Burdekin catchment, north Queensland, Australia. 3. Assemblages and their temporal trajectories differed among seasons, sites and habitats, even within the same habitat and/or river. Wet season flooding did not appear to 'reset' assemblages, with post-wet season assemblages differing between years. 4. We found no consistent pattern in taxonomic richness over time, and sites within rivers showed no consistent convergence or divergence (i.e. turnover) in macroinvertebrate assemblage composition. However, biophysical variables associated with the rigours of the late dry season had significant effects on macroinvertebrate assemblages, highlighting the variable and often harsh conditions of dry-tropics rivers. Underlying these patterns were different resistance and resilience traits of invertebrates (such as colonisation and establishment abilities), as well as the local-scale effects of biophysical variables. 5. The dynamic nature of dryland rivers presents major challenges to monitoring programmes, and our results suggest a more complex scenario for monitoring and management than previously described.
Behavior and Ecological Interactions of Larval Odonata

Enallagma aspersum and E. traviatum (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) are the most abundant larval odonates in Bays Mountain Park (Sullivan County, Tennessee, USA), although their spatial distributions are essentially nonoverlapping. E. traviatum coexists with insectivorous fish in a small lake, whereas E. aspersum is restricted to a small fishless pond nearby. Behavioral observations revealed that E. aspersum larvae were more active than E. traviatum, and tended to occupy more conspicuous positions. E. aspersum also enganged in more confrontations than E. traviatum, especially at higher density. In laboratory experiments with juvenile bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) as predators, E. aspersum larvae were more vulnerable to predation than E. traviatum. Red—spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) also preyed on E. aspersum disproportionately. Field enclosure experiments revealed that dry mass of individual E. aspersum larvae was density dependent, and that increased density of E. aspersum or addition of E. traviatum produced similar reductions. Competition was asymmetrical, as E. aspersum appeared to have no significant effect on E. traviatum. The substantial increase in confrontations among E. aspersum larvae at higher density, and the lack of evidence for prey depletion, suggest that interference may be the mechanism of competition. Our results suggest that the distribution of E. aspersum larvae may be limited by fish predation, but although competitive interactions were detected, we have no evidence that larval competition influences the distribution of either species.
The Influence of Aeration and Solids Retention Time on Volatile Fatty Acid Accumulation in Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion of Sludge

The efficacy of Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) accumulation in Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (TAD) of primary sludge was investigated. This research program was carried out in a pilot scale TAD process, located in the wastewater treatment pilot plant site, at the University of British Columbia. Preliminary results published elsewhere showed that the highest accumulation of VFA (950 mg l−1 as acetate) had occurred under microaerobic conditions (air flow rate of between 0–0.17 V V−1 h−1) in the first stage of the 150 1, 2-stage process [3]. The subsequent research reported in this study concentrated on the first stage of the TAD process, under microaerobic conditions. The two independent variables examined were air flow rates and solids retention times (SRT). The three SRTs tested were 3, 4.5 and 6 days. The four air flow rates examined were described as true anaerobic, low flow microaerobic, medium flow microaerobic and high flow microaerobic conditions. Net VFA accumulation was found to be a function of both .
Polyphagy, flightlessness, and reproductive output of females: a case study with bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)

Abstract 1. We evaluated the relation between plant‐mediated larval traits and the fitness of female bagworms, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haworth (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) by sampling 29 populations of bagworms on five plant genera (Thuja, Pinus, Picea, Juniperus, and Gleditsia).
Studies on heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and phsiological traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea l.)

Estimates of heterosis and inbreeding depression were obtained for 28 crosses. For pod yield per plant, the maximum better parent and mid parent heterosis was recorded in the cross TCGS-584 × K-1375 closely followed by K-1375 × TCGS-647 and ICGV-99029 × K-1375. Kernel yield per plant, the range of heterosis was observed -11.10% (TIR-25 × ICGV-91114) to 57.61% (K-1375 × TCGS-647), -14.18% (TIR-25 × ICGV-91114) to 55.85% (K-1375 × TCGS-647) and -21.57% (TCGS-584 × TCGS- 647) to 23.09% (TPT-4 × TIR-25) over mid parent, better parent and standard parent respectively. For the important of moisture stress tolerant characters viz., for specific leaf area, highest negative heterosis was recorded by TCGS-584 × JL-220 over mid parent (-23.12%), better parent (-25.14%) and standard parent (-34.95%). For leaf area index, TCGS 584 × JL-220 (-22.36%) over mid parent, TIR-25 × JL-220 (-33.81%) over better parent and ICGV-99029 × K-1375 (-24.14%) over standard parent for transpiration rate, ICGV-91114 × ICGV-99029 over mid parent (-26.33%) and better parent (-32.21%) and TPT-4 × TIR-25 over standard parent (-15.06%) hybrid showed desired significant heterosis. It was evident that ICGV-91114 × TCGS-584 for SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, TIR-25 × TCGS-584 for photosynthetic rate, ICGV-91114 × ICGV-99209 for water use efficiency and TIR-25 × JL-220 for harvest index and as many as twenty two crosses for yield displayed higher levels of heterosis also had high inbreeding depression.
Studies on the development of beverages using fruit juice/pulp, separated milk and reconstituted skim milk

Studies were carried out on the development of beverages using fruit juice/pulp, separated milk and reconstituted skim milk. Beverages were prepared by blending juice/pulp from apples, bananas, guavas, litchis and mangos at four different concentrations (100, 200, 300 and 400 g/L) with separated and reconstituted skim milk. Organoleptic evaluation of the beverages showed that apple juice and guava pulp could be blended at up to 300 and 100 g/L in milk products, respectively. Banana and mango pulp could also successfully be used at up to 200 g/L in separated milk and reconstituted skim milk. Litchi juice could be blended up to 300 g/L in separated milk and 200 g/L in reconstituted skim milk.