Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating Reddit to detect subreddit and author stereotypes and to evaluate author assortativity

In recent years, Reddit has attracted the interest of many researchers due to its popularity all over the world. In this article, we aim at providing a contribution to the knowledge of this social network by investigating three of its aspects, interesting from the scientific viewpoint, and, at the same time, by analysing a large number of applications. In particular, we first propose a definition and an analysis of several stereotypes of both subreddits and authors. This analysis is coupled with the definition of three possible orthogonal taxonomies that help us to classify stereotypes in an appropriate way. Then, we investigate the possible existence of author assortativity in this social medium; specifically, we focus on co-posters, that is, authors who submitted posts on the same subreddit.
THE APPLICATION OF MOBILE ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING (MALL) IN TEACHING PRONUNCIATION

Mobile learning is experiencing a drastic change. Whereas the initial period of mobile learning tend to propose carefully skilled activities by teachers and technology, students are gradually motivated by their personal learning needs, including those that arise from greater mobility and traveling activities. Through the process, the mobile learning use, particularly the Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL), have become essential tools in the teaching and learning process. This research investigates the use of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in teaching pronunciation at a secondary school. Using experimental study, the research aims to know the effectiveness of MALL in teaching pronunciation in experimental group, compared to another group with non-MALL. Result shows that students in experimental group performed better in pronunciation skill compared to their peers. Thus the use of MALL in teaching pronunciation was also effective in improving students’ pronunciation skill with the t-count (5.97) which is higher than the t-table (2.00 and 2.67). Keywords: Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL), Pronunciation, Secondary school, Experimental study, Method
Evaluation of soil EC mapping driven by manual and autopilot-automated steering systems of tractor on oil palm plantation terrain

The autopilot-automated steering system is one of today’s modern technologies in a tractor’s driving system for conducting the operations in farmland. However, further study on the suitability of this steering technology on a particular geographic region is still a necessity. This study evaluated the precision of tractor operations with soil sensor implement using manual and autopilot-automated steering systems on oil palm plantation terrain in Malaysia. A New Holland TD5.75 tractor with 75 hp engine size equipped with a Trimble autopilot-automated steering system pulling a Veris 3100 soil electrical conductivity (EC) sensor was tested in this study. The findings showed that each steering system generated a little different pattern of spatial variability in interpolated soil EC maps. Apart from that, autopilot-automated steering system offered better performances by saving energy expenditure of operator and improving the field capacity of operation. Conclusively, tractor with autopilot-automated steering presented a great suitability for the use in agricultural operations in Malaysia.
High efficiency CdTe solar cells with a through-thickness polycrystalline CdTe thin film

The absorber layer in a CdTe solar cell is made of a polycrystalline CdTe thin film with a thickness of several μm. It is highly desirable that the CdTe film could be made of through-thickness CdTe grains. In such a case, the photon-generated carriers could be transported to the positive and negative contacts without encountering any grain boundaries in CdTe, thus significantly reducing the carrier scattering/recombination occurring at the grain boundary. We propose and demonstrate that one of the most important roles for the presence of oxygen during the CdTe film growth is to in situ form a low-melting liquid mixture of oxides (CdTeOx, TeOx and CdOx), Te, and CdTe on the growth front of the CdTe grain surface. This liquid mixture, having a thickness of ∼50 nm, assists material transport from the vapor through the liquid to the liquid–solid interface, where Cd, Te, and Cd–Te molecules reacted to epitaxially deposit on the CdTe growth front. Assisted by a highly crystalline mono-grained CdS window layer template, CdTe preferential growth with through-thickness grains along the normal direction of the film has been achieved. CdTe solar cells fabricated with such CdTe absorbers demonstrate much enhanced external quantum efficiency, and cells with efficiencies as high as 14–15.2% have been fabricated.
Turbulent free-surface monitoring with an RGB-D sensor: the hydraulic jump case

ABSTRACT Measuring flow depths in free-surface turbulent flows can be challenging due to their fast dynamics and the presence of aeration. This study analyses the suitability of a low-cost sensor, the Intel® RealSense™ D435 RGB-D camera, for characterization of a highly aerated case study: the hydraulic jump. As with all instrumentation, special care must be taken to ensure accurate measurements. In this case, two different methods to calibrate depth estimations (accounting for set-up and any instrument precision) are presented, both leading to similar results. The main advantage of the presented instrumentation is its capability to measure 3D surfaces with high temporal and spatial resolution. Results are presented primarily in 2D in order to evaluate the flow depth estimation quality of this new technique with 2D data available in literature. The employed sensor showed a similar level of uncertainty as previous, well-established instrumentation for the study of free-surface elevations, amplitudes and frequencies of turbulent fluctuations.
Pains and needs of patients with type 2 diabetes as targets for novel technologies

Background. As diabetes affects multiple spheres of life the aim of this study was to explore the pain points of diabetes management as perceived by persons with type 2 diabetes and to identify their expectations towards new technologies. Methods. Patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin were surveyed. Respondents were asked to rate (i) the impact of diabetes on their daily life and (ii) their needs for improvements in different aspects of diabetes management on a five level Likert-type scale. Results. One hundred and fifty-four persons with type 2 diabetes were included. Most frequently reported challenges were: fear of diabetes complications development or progression (98.7% of patients), presence of diabetes complications (65.6%), frequent hyperglycemia (53.2%), and diabetes limiting one’s daily activities (50%). Most frequently expressed needs were: to evaluate glucose concentrations without finger pricking (98.1%), contact with a physician using mobile solutions and/or telemedicine (98.1%), and automation of insulin dosing (91.6%) and of calories/carbohydrates’ evaluation in meals (84.4%). Needs for telemedicine development, automation of insulin dosing and that the others help patients with diabetes management were more frequently reported by persons with: higher HbA1c, positive severe hypoglycemia history, concomitant chronic complications or diseases, and by those who were on insulin therapy. Conclusions. Although many diabetes technologies which meet the needs of patients with type 2 diabetes are already available, the study uncovers a high requirement for integrating them into disease management. The challenge pertains to implementation of the right technological solutions fulfilling needs of particular groups of patients and to helping them to embrace novelties into their daily lives.
The Effects of Trade Liberalization and Export Diversification on Unemployment: An Empirical Analysis

Bu calisma, ticaret liberalizasyonu ve ihracat cesitlendirmesinin toplam issizlik uzerindeki etkisini bir grup OECD ulkesi icin 1991-2014 yillari arasinda incelemektedir. Ampirik analizde, liberalizasyon ve ihracat cesitlendirmesi endekslerinin yani sira cok sayida kontrol degiskeni kullanilmis olup, ulkelerin uluslararasi ticaretlerini artirdikca ve ihracat sepetlerini cesitlendirdikce issizlik oranlarinin azaldigi bulunmustur. Dolayisiyla, OECD ulkelerinin korumaciliktan ziyade ticaretin serbestlestirilmesi lehine politikalar izlemeleri gerektigi soylenebilir. Ayrica, ihracat sepetlerinin uzmanlasma yerine cesitlendirilmesi, issizlik oraninin azaltilmasinda buyuk onem tasimaktadir
Effect of Sowing Dates on Genetic Behavior for Some Bread Wheat Genotypes using Five Parameters Model.

This investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, through the four seasons 2016/17 to 2019/20 growing seasons to determine the genetic behavior controlling inheritance of yield traits, heterosis expression and expected genetic advance under optimum (15November) and late (15 December) sowing date conditions. The parents and their five populations (P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3) of three crosses;Line 1 × Line 2, Line 2 × Giza 171 and Misr 2 × Line 3 were layout in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the population means under both sowing dates for most studied traits. Parents (Line 1 and Line2) and F1 had the best tolerance to late planting conditions. Scaling test revealed the presence of epistasis for most studied traits in the three crosses. Also results revealed the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the expression of the studied traits, The inheritance of the studied traits was mostly controlled by the dominance effect under optimum sowing date and the additive effect under late sowing date. Over-dominance towards the highest parent was detected for plant height, number of kernels/spike and grain yield/plant under both sowing dates and number of spikes/plant under optimum sowing date, however partial-dominance was detected fordays to heading, days to maturity and100-kernel weight under optimum sowing date and number of spikes/plant under late sowing dates. Cross 2 (Line2 x Giza 171) under optimum sowing date displayed absence of inbreeding depression, recording highly significant and positive best-parent heterotic values in few cases. Narrow sense heritability estimates ranged from 29.75% to 89.42% under the optimum sowing date and 26.55%-93.45% under the late sowing date, indicating the low environmental influence The highest estimates of expected genetic advance (GA%) coupled with the highest narrow sense heritability (hn2) which revealed selection efficiency for the number of spikes/plant, number of kernels/spike, and grain yield/plant in these studied populations and help breeders in selecting high yielding genotypes, under optimum sowing date. The parents of Line 1, Line 2 and crosses (Line 1 × Line 2) and (Line2 × Giza 171) were considered tolerant to late sowing and could be used in breeding programs to improve bread wheat production
Real Space Delocalization, Resonance and Aromaticity

When chemists want to explain a molecule’s stability and reactivity, they often refer to the concepts of delocalization, resonance, and aromaticity. Resonance is commonly discussed within the electronic structure framework of valence bond theory as the stabilizing effect of mixing different Lewis structures. Yet, most computational chemists work with delocalized molecular orbitals, which are also usually employed to explain the concept of aromaticity, a special kind of ring delocalization that shows up in cyclic planar systems which abide certain number rules. As an intuitive picture for aromaticity, an electronic ring current has been hypothesized. However, all three concepts lack a real space definition, that is not reliant on orbitals or specific wave function expansions. Here, we outline a redefinition from first principles: the concepts are of kinetic nature and related to saddle points of the all-electron probability density |Ψ|². Delocalization means that likely electron arrangements are connected via paths of high probability density in the many-electron real space. In this picture, resonance is the consideration of additional electron arrangements, which offer alternative paths of higher probability. Most notably, the concept of aromatic ring currents in absence of a magnetic field is rejected and the famous 4n+2 Hückel rule is derived from nothing but the antisymmetry of fermionic wave functions. The analysis developed in this work allows for a quantitative discussion of important chemical concepts that were previously only accessible qualitatively or restricted to specific electronic structure frameworks.
Unsupervised stereo image depth estimation of midan recovery structure

The stereo image depth estimation is an important fileld in computer vision. At present, most of the researches on depth estimation based on deep learning make use of the mathematical characteristics of the image, such as left-right consistency and pixel distribution characteristics. In this paper, we pay attention to the relationship between the grid representation, which is a distance representation mode of biological system, and the depth representation. Inspired by the concept of Fourier decomposition, we propose a median recovery network structure. The Experiment shows that this network structure has a certain effect on depth estimation.
Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides versus Positional Release Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical Neck Dysfunction

Background: Mechanical neck dysfunction (MND) is a common disorder prevailing among the individuals of different populations. It is characterized by pain and limited range of motion (ROM) which, in turn, affects the activities of daily living and quality of life. Although manual therapy is commonly used in MND treatment to restore a range of motion and reduce pain, some techniques have low evidence in treating MND. Aim: This study was conducted to compare the effect of sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) with positional release therapy (PRT) on cervical ROM, pain intensity, and functional disability in patients with chronic mechanical neck dysfunction. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients from both genders, where they were divided randomly into three groups. Group A received conventional physical therapy, group B received conventional therapy in addition to SNAGs, and group C received conventional therapy plus PRT three times per week for eight weeks. The universal goniometer was used to measure cervical ROM, numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was used to measure pain intensity, and neck disability index was used to measure cervical function disability at two intervals, pretreatment and post-treatment. Results: The results showed significant difference in the cervical ROM, NPRS, and NDI between the three groups (p < 0.001) in favor of the group B. Conclusion: SNAGs with conventional physical therapy have been proven to be effective method in treating patients with chronic mechanical neck dysfunction patients.
Investigation into Challenges Affecting Learner Academic Performance in a Grade 10 Economics Class

This paper investigated challenges affecting learners' academic performance in a Grade 10 economics class. Studies confirm that economics, as a subject, deals with real-life issues, and it needs to be taught such a way that learners can find connection between the content they learn in the class and prior-learning experiences. The study was qualitative, with 30 participants selected from one rural school in the Thabo Mofutsanyane education district. Focus group interviews were used to gather in-depth information regarding the challenges affecting learner academic performance in economics. The data were then analysed and various themes were identified responding to the research question. Finally, the study revealed the following findings: teachers and learners have to be motivated continuously; parents could assist in monitoring learners' work, and professional development workshops should be made available for teachers. The findings suggest that continuous professional development opportunities and support should be given to economics teachers to ensure quality teaching. The teaching and learning of economics should incorporate learners' real-life experiences in order to enhance their understanding on the content learnt in the class through the use of learner-centred strategies.
Report of Fusarium proliferatum causing leaf wilt disease of date palm in Khuzestan Province

Background and objective Date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. is one of the income sources of cultural and economic importance in several countries. Leaf wilt disease is one of the important diseases observed in palm gardens in Khuzestan province. Disease symptoms are observed as asymmetrical leaves drying. Fusarium proliferatum is a common pathogen infecting numerous crops, including banana, carnation, cycads, date palm, garlic, mango, maize, onion, rice, and sesame plants. Materials and Methods To identify the causal agent(s), infected samples were collected from Abadan, Khorramshahr, and Shadegan cities and transferred to the laboratory. The samples were then disinfected and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Fungi were purified by the single-spore technique. For molecular identification, the colonies were inoculated in potato-dextrose broth (PDB) and the grown mycelium mass was used for DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction was done with reaction initiators of Tef171F and Tef1997R to replicate a part of the tef1 region. Results BLAST search showed that the sequence of the studied isolate was 99.55% similar to both the confirmed isolate and the reference of F. proliferatum strain TOR-55. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolate with sequences related to type strains, using the maximum likelihood, confirmed that they belonged to this species. Pathogenicity test was followed by re-isolation from the inoculated plants. Discussion These results indicated that all four concentrations were able to infect trees and cause disease symptoms and pathogenicity. However, disease severity was higher at 5×105 and 5×106 spores per ml than the other concentrations of spores used here. The second two concentrations of spores were more effective in drying of leaflets and leaves.
Factors influencing the sensitivity of the alkaline comet assay for detection of DNA damage after low doses of radiation

The alkaline comet assay is a sensitive technique for measuring single-strand breaks in DNA of individual mammalian cells. The method uses fluorescent microscopy to examine DNA patterns resulting from alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis of individual cells after staining with propidium iodide. Factors influencing the sensitivity of the assay to low doses of radiation were investigated in three parts. 1) A model was developed for the digital image supplied by the camera; and improvements in image quality were achieved by subtracting the dark-field image. 2) The conditions for staining of comets with propidium iodide were optimized for image quality by minimizing the background fluorescence through inclusion of 0.02 M NaCl, increasing in the staining time to several hours, and mimmizing the dye concentration. The dependence of comet fluorescence on dye concentration required a model of two binding modes with equilibrium constants, 3.7±0.6 xlO M-' and 3.6±0.2 xlO M1 . These values are in general agreement with reported values for DNA in solution (3.0±0.2 xlO M") and bound by nucleoprotein (1.1±0.4 xlO M"). A decline in the number of binding sites with increasing radiation damage explained the loss of comet fluorescence with increasing DNA damage. 3) Limitations in sensitivity due to background damage were investigated. A portion of background damage was found to be induced during cell suspension and preparation of agarose gels. The measurement of damage was not significantly influenced by alkaline lysis duration but was strongly affected by extended alkaline rinse duration. Enhanced sensitivity and minimum background damage were found using a cell suspension including culture medium, higher temperature agarose stock solution and a three hour rinse protocol. The sensitivity of the assay was found to be limited by additional background variations at an average level equivalent to 0.05 Gy. Sensitivity below this level would require averaging measurements from multiple, replicate samples.
Examining the Role of Gender in Educational Policy Formation: The Case of Campus Sexual Assault Legislation, 2007–2017

The persistent problem of sexual assault on college campuses is receiving attention in both the public sphere and state legislatures. Although a considerable body of research examines various aspects of campus sexual assault, such as rates and reporting, scholars have not examined how state characteristics and interstate dynamics influence the policy process related to campus sexual assault. This gap is compounded by an underemphasis on gender in theories of state policy adoption, even as a record number of women serve in state legislatures. Drawing on a data set that captures the introduction and enactment of campus sexual assault legislation between 2007 and 2017, David R. Johnson and Liang Zhang examine in this article how the state policy adoption and diffusion framework explains the introduction and enactment of campus sexual assault policy. The results of their study show that the number of forcible sex offenses at public colleges, the number of female Democrats in state senates, contributions from women’s interest groups, gubernatorial power, Republican influence, and bipartisan sponsorship influence the campus sexual assault policy process, with varying influence across legislative stages. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for researchers interested in policy adoption and gender issues as well as for advocates working on campus sexual assault policy reform.
Observation of a Potential-Dependent Switch of Water Oxidation Mechanism on Co-Oxide-Based Catalysts

O-O bond formation is a key elementary step of the water oxidation reaction. However, it is still unclear how the mechanism of O-O coupling depends on the applied electrode potential. Herein, using water-in-salt electrolytes, we systematically altered the water activity, which enabled us to probe the O-O bond forming mechanism on heterogeneous Co-based catalysts as a function of applied potential. We discovered that the water oxidation mechanism is sensitive to the applied potential: At relatively low driving force, the reaction proceeds through an intramolecular oxygen coupling mechanism, whereas the water nucleophilic attack mechanism prevails at high driving force. The observed mechanistic switch has major implications for the understanding and control of the water oxidation reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.