Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of feed characteristics for monitoring AFB1 contamination in commercial concentrate feeds used in small holder dairy farms, Chiangmai, Thailand

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of abnormal physical characteristics for monitoring aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in commercial dairy concentrate feeds. The study was conducted during March to May 2013 using 82 dairy farms in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. All feed samples were collected from new packages and their physical characteristics were subsequently determined. AFB1 concentrations in the samples were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and feed samples with AFB1 of more than 5 μg/Kg were determined as AFB1 contaminated samples. The impact of physical characteristics on AFB1 contamination were evaluated using a multiple logistic model with a p-value less than 0.05. Forty percent (39 of 97) of the feed samples were contaminated with AFB1. Concentrate feeds with rancid or sour odors had a higher risk of AFB1 contamination (OR =4.79, P=0.03), as did samples with a high appearance of a brightly illuminated fluorescence on feed after testing with black light (OR= 24.04, P = 0.0002). Farmers can use these indicators as screening tests before purchasing the feed.
University of Birmingham Effects of 17-oestradiol on rat detrusor smooth muscle contractility

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 17 β -oestradiol (E 2 ) on detrusor smooth musclecontractilityanditspossibleneuroprotectiveroleagainstischaemic-likecondition,which could arise during overactive bladder disease. The effect of E 2 was investigated on rat detrusor muscle strips stimulated with carbachol, KCl and electrically, in the absence or presence of a selective oestrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780) and, by using confocal Ca 2 + imaging technique, measuring the amplitude ( " F / F 0 ) and the frequency of spontaneous whole cell Ca 2 + ﬂashes. Moreover, the effect of 1 and 2 h of anoxia–glucopenia and reperfusion (A-G/R), in the absence or presence of the hormone, was evaluated in rat detrusor strips perfused with Krebs solution which underwent electrical ﬁeld stimulation to stimulate intrinsic nerves; the amplitude and the frequency of Ca 2 + ﬂashes were also measured. 17 β -Oestradiol exhibited antispasmogenicactivityassessedondetrusorstripsdepolarizedwith60 m m KClattwodifferent Ca 2 + concentrations. 17 β -Oestradiol at the highest concentration tested (30 µ m ) signiﬁcantly decreased detrusor contractions induced by all the stimuli applied. In addition, the amplitude and the frequency of spontaneous Ca 2 + ﬂashes were signiﬁcantly decreased in the presence of E 2 (10 and 30 µ m ) compared with control detrusor strips. In strips subjected to A-G/R, a signiﬁcant increase in the amplitude of both spontaneous and evoked ﬂashes was observed. 17 β -Oestradiol
Regional Disparities

Many countries are characterized by significant regional disparities in economic performance and living standards, as reflected in income, education, or health outcomes.1 These regional disparities raise equity concerns: they contribute to overall withincountry inequality, and they are linked to inequality of opportunity, as measured by, say, intergenerational mobility.2 Regional disparities may also have harmful implications for economic efficiency, as limited opportunities for those stuck in the wrong place lead to the underutilization of potential and constrain overall growth.3 More broadly, regional disparities, including urbanrural differences, can fuel social tensions and pathologies (Case and Deaton 2020), promote political polarization (Wilkinson 2019), increase populism and resentment towards urban elites (RodríguezPose 2018; Kessler 2018; Muro and Liu 2016; Shearer 2016), threaten countries’ social fabric and national cohesion, and in extreme cases lead to conflict, particularly where the disparities reinforce existing ethnic, racial, linguistic, or religious divisions. Large and/or rising regional disparities may arise in different contexts. In some cases, they may be a normal feature of growth. The concentration and specialization of production can boost overall economic productivity but will do so unevenly across regions: “development does not bring economic prosperity everywhere at once; markets favor some places over others” (World Bank 2009). Favored areas will then pull away from other regions, which may experience an economic decline in relative and possibly absolute terms; but dispersing production more broadly across regions could lower aggregate productivity and reduce economic growth. In other cases, regional disparities may be a consequence of
What is camouflage through distractive markings ?

relative terms, enabling the use of rather inconspicuous markings for distraction, or that the traits that the markings conceal through distraction must not be very noticeable in the first place. Do repeated encounters impose an additional cost on distractive markings through search image formation (Dimitrova et al. 2009; Stevens et al. 2013)? In Dimitrova et al. (2009), the high-contrast prey was most difficult to detect, although each bird received 6 presentations of that prey, suggesting no higher cost than for other camouflaged prey types. To conclude, Stevens and colleagues are correct in questioning the generality of distractive effect, as the results of a single study cannot be broadly generalized. But, their study is not sufficient to reject the hypothesis. Dimitrova and colleagues clearly demonstrated a concealing effect of high-contrast markings that corresponds to the distractive effect predicted by Thayer (1909). A fruitful goal would be to investigate the generality of this result and attempt to understand the occurrence of small, bright markings in many highly camouflaged animals. Hopefully, our definition will promote such research.
Mouse Plasmacytoid Cells: Long-lived Cells, Heterogeneous in Surface Phenotype and Function, that Differentiate Into CD8 (cid:2) Dendritic Cells Only after Microbial Stimulus

The CD45RA hi CD11c int plasmacytoid predendritic cells (p-preDCs) of mouse lymphoid organs, when stimulated in culture with CpG or influenza virus, produce large amounts of type I inter-ferons and transform without division into CD8 (cid:2) CD205 (cid:3) DCs. P-preDCs express CIRE, the murine equivalent of DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN). P-preDCs are divisible by CD4 expression into two subgroups differing in turnover rate and in response to Staphylococcus aureus . The kinetics of bromodeoxyuridine labeling and the results of transfer to normal recipient mice indicate that CD4 (cid:3) p-preDCs are the immediate precursors of CD4 (cid:2) p-preDCs. Similar experiments indicate that p-preDCs are normally long lived and are not the precursors of the short-lived steady-state conventional DCs. However, in line with the culture studies on transfer to influenza virus-stimulated mice the p-preDCs transform into CD8 (cid:2) CD205 (cid:3) DCs, distinct from conventional CD8 (cid:2) CD205 (cid:2) DCs. Hence as well as activating preexistant DCs, microbial infection induces a wave of production of a new DC subtype. The functional implications of this shift in the DC network remain to be determined.
On linking of Lagrangian tori in R

We prove some results about linking of Lagrangian tori in the symplectic vector space (R, ω). We show that certain enumerative counts of holomophic disks give useful information about linking. This enables us to prove, for example, that any two Clifford tori are unlinked in a strong sense. We extend work of Dimitroglou Rizell and Evans on linking of monotone Lagrangian tori to a class of non-monotone tori in R and also strengthen their conclusions in the monotone case in R.
Advanced Properties of Continuously Graded Pervious Concrete for Rigid Pavement Base Layer

According to previous studies, a pervious concrete using continuously graded aggregate gives a better strength and approaches the condition of aggregate gradation on the field. The aim of this research is to study a pervious concrete mix-design for Indonesian Specification input category using continuously graded pervious concrete as an alternative rigid pavement base layer. Some advanced properties are applied to represent the required criteria for pavement base layer, i.e. elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, flexural strength, horizontal permeability, heterogeneity level, and dynamic elastic modulus. It is found that the pervious concrete with continuously graded tends to be more physically elastic when compared to normal concrete and has a better endurance against elastic deformation rather than normal concrete. Its static elastic modulus has a better relationship with horizontal permeability than flexural strength. Overall, five mix-designs have been successfully met the advanced properties criteria for rigid pavement base layer required by the Specification.
DMD047977 480..487

Pharmacogenetics correlates certain genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with blood drug levels, efficacy, and adverse effects of the treatment. Tacrolimus is mainly metabolized via CYP3A4/5, whereas CYP2C19 and CYP3A4/5 are responsible for omeprazole metabolism. Omeprazole inhibits tacrolimus metabolism via CYP3A5 in patients carrying variant alleles of CYP2C19, increasing tacrolimus blood concentrations. Seventyfive renal transplant recipients treated with tacrolimus and concomitant omeprazole were genotyped in a panel of 37 SNPs with use of Sequenom MassArray. The patients with CYP2C19*2/*2 genotype (n = 4) showed a median posttransplantation hospital stay of 27.5 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 23–39 days), compared with 12 days (95% CI, 10–15 days) in patients with CYP2C19*1/*1 or CYP2C19*1/*2 (n = 71; P = 0.016, Kruskal-Wallis test). The difference in hospital stay was directly correlated with an increase in tacrolimus levels (Cmin/[dose/weight]) during the first week after trasplantation (in 59 patients with data on levels; P = 0.021, Kruskal-Wallis), excluding the patients with atypical metabolisms due to CYP3A5*1/*3 or CYP3A5*1/*1 genotype. Recipients with CYP2C19*2/*2 genotype also showed allograft delayed function (acute tubular necrosis in 3 patients). Genotyping of CYP3A5 and CYP2C19 in renal transplantation should be considered to be of interest when treating with tacrolimus and omeprazole, because CYP2C19*2/*2 variant indirectly elicits an increase of tacrolimus blood levels and, in our study population, the adverse effects
Therapeutic hypothermia — a powerful tool in preventing ischemia-reperfusion-injury in rat hearts

Introduction. The aim of the experiment was to find the relationship between the extent of myocardial infarction and the internal body temperature of the rats. Our second goal was to investigate if mild hypothermia applied during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion brings cardioprotective effects. Materials and methods. The study was performed in vivo on rat hearts. Myocardial infarction was induced by 30 minutes of the left anterior descending artery occlusion followed by 60 min reperfusion. Thirteen rats were assigned to a group depending on the internal body temperature (t) ≤ 35.5°C (n = 5), 35.6 ≥ t ≥ 37.5°C (n = 4) and t ≥ 37.6°C (n = 4). The desired temperature was achieved during pre-ischemic procedures. The presence of the infarction scar and its size were assessed in planimetry. Infraction size was calculated as the infarct area relative to the area at risk (IA/RA). Results. The incidence of infarction scar in the groups of rats with body temperature ≥ 35.6°C was significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to the group with the temperature ≤ 35.5°C. There was statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.787, p < 0.01) between IA/RA and the internal body temperature of the rats. Conclusions. Any reduction in the body temperature during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion seems to be beneficial for the rat’s myocardium. Moreover, hypothermia ≤ 35.5oC applied during ischemia and reperfusion fully prevents from myocardial infarction. We believe that there is a great need to intensify research on therapeutic hypothermia in humans, so that this method of treatment could be finally used in the course of myocardial infarction.
The Influence of Proprioceptive Training in Foot and Ankle Disability with Chronic Ankle Sprain

Introduction: Chronic ankle sprain is an injury to the lateral complex ligament long lasting with complaints of pain. The chronic inflammation and instability in carrying out activities are caused by ligamentous weakness and decreased function including sensorimotor deficits. It can cause a decrease in proprioception and disability. Meanwhile, foot and ankle disability are characterized by inability to carry out movements and functional activities. Objective: This study is aimed at comparing the effect of proprioception exercise with wobble board that has the same effect with elastic resistance band and to strengthen the ankle muscle in decreasing foot and ankle disability caused by chronic ankle sprain condition. Methods: The study design is true experimental with randomized pre and post-test group design for 20 patients (12 men, 8 women, age 21.70±4.90, weight 56.20±5.43, height 158.90±5.15, BMI 20.761±1.86), the training group was done 18 times over 6 weeks using Foot And Ankle Disability Index (FADI) for its measurement. Results: This study reported parametric between statistical analysis and paired sample-test. Hypothesis test showed that the two groups had significant results in decreasing foot and ankle disability, the pre-A group result is 25.90±15.56 and the post group 6.60±5.03. Meanwhile, pre B group averaged 44.90±18.80 and the post group 13.10±10.304 with p-value=0.001 and p-value<0.05. Different test with independent sample t-test produced significant differences from the two groups which are in A group 19.30±12.59, B group 31.10±12.19 and p-value=0.047 in p-value<0.05. Conclusion: In order to provide appropriate treatment, clinicians can use any of the two significant measures with their associated Foot And Ankle Disability Index scores to identify those who could benefit from rehabilitation of chronic ankle sprain according to needs with regards to age, network conditions, workload, and position at work.
AREGU June 47/6

Gross, Gil, Takuji Imamura, Sherri K. Vogt, David F. Wozniak, D. Michael Nelson, Yoel Sadovsky, and Louis J. Muglia. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 prevents inflammation-mediated preterm labor in the mouse. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 278: R1415–R1423, 2000. —Prostaglandins (PGs) have proven important during parturition, but inhibition of PG production treating preterm labor (PTL) results in significant maternal and fetal side effects. We hypothesize that specific inhibition of either cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 or -2 may result in separation of therapeutic and toxic effects. We demonstrate that COX-2, but not COX-1, is induced during inflammation-mediated PTL caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. A twoto threefold increase in uterine and ovarian PG concentrations coincides with this induction of COX-2. The COX-2selective inhibitor SC-236 proved effective in stopping preterm delivery and the increases in PGs. The COX-1-selective inhibitor SC-560 also attenuated uterine and ovarian PG production after LPS but did not inhibit PTL as efficiently as SC-236. COX-1-deficient mice, which show delay in the onset of term labor, exhibited no delay in onset of PTL after LPS. These findings suggest that the mechanisms for initiation of inflammation-mediated PTL and term labor differ and that selective COX-2 inhibition may provide a means of stopping inflammation-induced PTL in humans.
Assessing How Professional Attire Influences the Perception of Black Men as Threatening

Previous research has demonstrated that Black men are perceived to be more threatening thanWhite men. Relatedly, public discourse suggests that respectable dress may reduce this perception. In this paper, we test whether professional attire reduces associations of threat with Black men. In three separate studies, participants completed a modified version of the Weapons Implicit Association Test (IAT). In Study 1, we tested whether Black men are associated with threat more than White men dressed in similar attire. In Study 2, we sought to test whether professional dress lessens the association between race and threat through intra-race comparisons. In Study 3, we assessed the perception of threat of Black men compared to White men when dressed in differing attire. Overall, findings indicate that participants associate Black men with threat more than White men, regardless of attire. Moreover, contrary to expectations, participants more strongly associate professional than casual dress with threat. The results have implications for public and scientific discourse regarding how contextual cues affect perceptions of Black men as threatening.
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Chinese urbanites and the preservation of rare species in remote parts of the country: the example of eaglewood Ahlheim, Michael and Frör, Oliver and Langenberger, Gerhard and Pelz, Sonna

Based on a contingent valuation study in Shanghai the authors assess people’s willingness to contribute personally to the alleviation of environmental problems occurring in distant parts of the country. One split of survey assessed Shanghai residents’ willingness to pay for the preservation of rainforest in Yunnan, while the other split referred to the willingness to pay for the preservation of a single plant species (i.e. eaglewood) growing in this rainforest. The objectives of this study were twofold. Firstly, the authors wanted to find out if people living in big Chinese cities like Shanghai take an interest in the environmental problems existing in some remote parts of the country and if they are willing to contribute personally to remedy these problems. Secondly, the authors wanted to learn more about the motivation behind this kind of empathy, if it exists. The researchers were especially interested in the question if this empathy refers to the specific environmental problems addressed in the surveys or if it is motivated more by a general feeling of obligation towards environmental issues.
MEASURING THE LUMINOSITY AND BLACK HOLE MASS DEPENDENCE OF QUASAR-GALAXY CLUSTERING AT z

We study the dependence of quasar clustering on quasar luminosity and black hole mass by measuring the cross-correlation of z ∼ 0.8 quasars from SDSS and color-selected galaxies imaged by WISE. Because we lack spectroscopy of the WISE galaxies, we measure the projected angular cross-correlation function rather than the 3-dimensional cross-correlation function. This method allows us to achieve smaller random uncertainties than 3-dimensional measurements of the quasar autocorrelation function or the quasar-galaxy cross-correlation function. By measuring the luminosity dependence of clustering amplitude, we can probe models of quasar formation and evolution. We present a significant over-density of WISE galaxies about z ∼ 0.8 quasars at comoving scales 0.1–6.4 h−1 Mpc. We find no appreciable increase in clustering amplitude with quasar luminosity, but do find a relationship between clustering amplitude and black hole mass. A power-law fit between luminosity and clustering amplitude over a decade in luminosity gives an exponent of −0.03 ± 0.07 (1 σ errorbar), while a power-law fit between black hole mass and clustering amplitude, also over a decade in black hole mass, yields an exponent of 0.19± 0.107. This corresponds to a nonzero detection of black hole mass dependent clustering at the 96% level. Our measurements indicate that while black hole masses are correlated with host dark matter halo masses, a small range in host dark matter halo masses maps to a large range in quasar luminosities.
I SLAMIC L AW AND N ATIONAL C ULTURES I MPACT ON M ODERN F UNERAL S ERVICES B UYING E THICAL P ERCEPTION AND B EHAVIORAL I NTENTION

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of Islamic law and national cultures on the ethical perceptions and behavioral intentions of Muslim Indonesians in buying modern funeral services. A questionnaire was distributed among Muslim respondents who were doing their routine weekly Friday prayers in Sunda Kelapa, one of biggest mosques in Central Jakarta. Based on a total sample of 103 responses, structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. This research used the theory of reasoned action proposed by Ajzen to analyze behavioral intentions. Since the behavioral intentions were influenced by the ethical perceptions, the Hofstede national culture was deemed to play a significant role. The data analysis further suggested that the behavioral intentions in buying modern funeral services were strongly influenced by Islamic law (MUI Fatwa), Indonesia culture dimensions, and the ethical perceptions among Muslim Indonesians. Both Islamic law and Indonesian national culture (as a collectivist country) play a significant role in creating ethical perceptions and influence Muslim behavioral intentions in regard to buying modern funeral services.
C. elegans epidermal seam development

The epidermis (or hypodermis) of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegansperforms critical functions during development, including establishing the basic body form, providing the substrate for cell and axon migrations, secreting the cuticle, and producing most of the additional cells that arise during post-embryonic development (Hedgecock et al., 1987; Priess and Hirsh, 1986; Sulston and Horvitz, 1977; White, 1988). Most of the body is covered by the ‘major’ epidermal cells (Gendreau et al., 1994), which are invariably produced by fewer cell divisions than the ‘minor’ epidermal cells, the small syncytial cells at the extreme ends of the worm. Three major epidermal cell types, the seam, syncytial and P cells comprise the epidermal epithelium in the embryo. When epidermal cells are born, they assemble into three rows on either side of the worm, corresponding to dorsal, lateral and ventral positions (Sulston et al., 1983). The dorsal, and the anterior and posterior ventral cells fuse to form several syncytia (Podbilewicz and White, 1994). Neither the P cells, the central cells in the ventral row, nor seam cells, the lateral cells, fuse during embryogenesis. The seam cells are particularly critical: they play an organizing role in embryonic and larval morphogenesis, contribute to larval growth by generating additional epidermal and nervous tissue postembryonically, and regulate the body form during formation of the alternative larval form, the dauer larva (Singh and Sulston, 1978; Sulston and Horvitz, 1977; Wissmann et al., 1999; Wissmann et al., 1997). At hatching, there are ten bilateral pairs of seam cells, nearly all of which are blast cells that, during post-embryonic development, produce many progeny, including more seam cells, neurons and syncytial epidermis (Sulston and Horvitz, 1977). Late in the final (L4) larval stage, the seam cells undergo homotypic fusion to form the bilateral seam syncytia of adults (Podbilewicz and White, 1994). Comprehensive genetic screens have shown that pecification of the embryonic epidermis and its patterning into the three major types are genetically complex processes (Chanal and Labouesse, 1997; Terns et al., 1997). Most of the epidermis, including all of the seam and P cells, arises from the AB ‘founder cell’ (Sulston et al., 1983). A combination of inductive interactions and asymmetric cell divisions in the early embryo (Gendreau et al., 1994; Hutter and Schnabel, 1994; Hutter and Schnabel, 1995; Kaletta et al., 1997; Lin et al., 1998; Mango et al., 1994; Mello et al., 1994; Moskowitz et al., 1994) dictates which early AB-derived blastomeres will 2867 Development 128, 2867-2880 (2001) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2001 DEV5917