Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Issuer Composition and Stock Market Growth

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
A method for the generation of 3D representative models of granular based materials

The morphology of many naturally occurring and man‐made materials at different length scales can be modelled using the packing of correspondingly shaped and sized particles. The mechanical behaviour of this vast category of materials – which includes granular media, particle reinforced materials and foams ‐ depends strongly upon the shape and size distribution of the particles. This paper presents a method for the generation and packing of arbitrarily shaped polyhedral particles. The algorithm for the generation of the particles is based on the Voronoi tessellation technique, whilst the packing is performed using a geometrical approach, which guarantees the non‐overlapping of the bodies without relying upon any, otherwise typically computationally expensive, contact detection and interaction algorithm. The introduction of three geometrical parameters allows to control the shape, size and spacial density of the polyhedral particles, which are used to build numerical models representative of densely packed granular assemblies, granular reinforced materials and closed‐cell foams. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Canagliflozin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a common complication in diabetes patients, with foot infections being the leading cause of amputations. Staphylococcus aureus is frequently found in diabetic foot infections, of which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major clinical and epidemiological challenge. Since MRSA strains are resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics, and also partially resistant to other antibiotics, treatment is difficult and costly. The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria often arises from overuse or misuse of antibiotics. Clinically, canagliflozin is commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. On this basis, we investigated the antibacterial activity and mechanism of canagliflozin against MRSA, with the aim to discover novel functions of canagliflozin and provide new insights for the treatment of MRSA. Using the microbroth dilution method to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration of drugs, we found that canagliflozin not only can inhibit the growth of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) but also exhibits antibacterial activity against MRSA. The IC50 values, at approximately 56.01 μM and 57.60 μM, were almost the same. At 12 h, canagliflozin showed a significant antibacterial effect against MRSA at and above 30 μM. In addition, its combined use with penicillin achieved better antibacterial effects, which were increased by about three times. Additive antibacterial activity (FICI = 0.69) was found between penicillin and canagliflozin, which was better than that of doxycycline and canagliflozin (FICI = 0.95). Canagliflozin also affected bacterial metabolic markers, such as glucose, ATP, and lactic acid. The results of crystal violet staining indicate that canagliflozin disrupted the formation of bacterial biofilm. Our electron microscopy results showed that canagliflozin distorted the bacterial cell wall. The results of RT-PCR suggest that canagliflozin down-regulated the expressions of biofilm-related gene (clfA, cna, agrC, mgrA, hld) and methicillin-resistance gene (mecA), which was related to MRSA. Molecular docking also indicated that canagliflozin affected some interesting targets of MRSA, such as the sarA, crtM and fnbA proteins. In conclusion, canagliflozin exhibits antibacterial activity against MRSA by affecting bacterial metabolism, inhibiting its biofilm formation, distorting the bacterial cell wall, and altering the gene expression of biofilm formation and its virulence. Our study reveals the antibacterial activity of canagliflozin against MRSA, providing a new reference for treating diabetic foot infections.
Solar disc radius determined from observations made during eclipses with bolometric and photometric instruments on board the PICARD satellite

Context. Despite the importance of having an accurate measurement of the solar disc radius, there are large uncertainties of its value due to the use of different measurement techniques and instrument calibration. An item of particular importance is to establish whether the value of the solar disc radius correlates with the solar activity level. Aims. The main goal of this work is to measure the solar disc radius in the near-UV, visible, and near-IR regions of the solar spectrum. Methods. Three instruments on board the PICARD spacecraft, namely the Bolometric Oscillations Sensor (BOS), the PREcision MOnitoring Sensor (PREMOS), and a solar sensor (SES), are used to derive the solar disc radius using the light curves produced when the Sun is occulted by the Moon. Nine eclipses, from 2010 to 2013, resulted in 17 occultations as viewed from the moving satellite. The calculation of the solar disc radius uses a simulation of the light curve taking into account the center-to-limb variation provided by the Non-local thermodynamic Equilibrium Spectral SYnthesis (NESSY) code. Results. We derive individual values for the solar disc radius for each viewed eclipse. Tests for a systematic variation of the radius with the progression of the solar cycle yield no significant results during the three years of measurements within the uncertainty of our measurements. Therefore, we derive a more precise radius value by averaging these values. At one astronomical unit, we obtain 959.79 arcseconds (arcsec) from the bolometric experiment; from PREMOS measurements, we obtain 959.78 arcsec at 782 nm and 959.76 arcsec at 535 nm. We found 960.07 arcsec at 210 nm, which is a higher value than the other determinations given the photons at this wavelength originate from the upper photosphere and lower chromosphere. We also give a detailed comparison of our results with those previously published using measurements from space-based and ground-based instruments using the Moon angular radius reference, and different methods. Conclusions. Our results, which use the Moon as an absolute calibration, clearly show the dependence of the solar disc radius with wavelength in UV, visible and near-IR. Beyond the metrological results, solar disc radius measurements will allow the accuracy of models of the solar atmosphere to be tested. Proposed systematic variations of the solar disc radius during the time of observation would be smaller than the uncertainty of our measurement, which amounts to less than 26 milliarcseconds.
Organoids: opportunities and challenges of cancer therapy

Organoids are a class of multicellular structures with the capability of self-organizing and the characteristic of original tissues, they are generated from stem cells in 3D culture in vitro. Organoids can mimic the occurrence and progression of original tissues and widely used in disease models in recent years. The ability of tumor organoids to retain characteristic of original tumors make them unique for tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. However, the history of organoid development and the application of organoid technology in cancer therapy are not well understood. In this paper, we reviewed the history of organoids development, the culture methods of tumor organoids establishing and the applications of organoids in cancer research for better understanding the process of tumor development and providing better strategies for cancer therapy. The standardization of organoids cultivation facilitated the large-scale production of tumor organoids. Moreover, it was found that combination of tumor organoids and other cells such as immune cells, fibroblasts and nervous cells would better mimic the microenvironment of tumor progression. This might be important developing directions for tumor organoids in the future.
The Impact of Sostac's Digital Marketing Planning Strategy on Marketing Performance Through Competitive Advantage

The majority of MSMEs in the Sukmajaya sub-district, Depok, are engaged in the culinary field, totaling 771 MSMEs out of a total of 2,835 MSMEs. The decline in the number of MSMEs in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic has made it difficult for MSMEs to market their products. On the other hand, during this period, SMEs emerged with digital innovation. Digital marketing planning is necessary for MSMEs in running their business to create a competitive advantage and improve marketing performance. MSMEs that do not implement digital marketing in running their business will be left behind and lose customers because customer buying behavior has changed towards digital. This research is quantitative descriptive research using the SmartPLS 3.0 tool to analyze the effect of each variable. The type of data is primary data by distributing questionnaires to 125 Culinary MSME respondents in the Sukmajaya sub-district, Depok city via Google form. In this study, data analysis techniques were carried out in the form of descriptive data analysis and inferential data analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study prove that digital marketing planning using the SOSTAC method has a positive and significant effect on Competitive advantage, SOSTAC Digital marketing planning has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance and Competitive advantage has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance. The results of the study show that SOSTAC Digital Marketing Planning has a positive and significant indirect relationship to marketing performance through competitive advantage, which is bigger than the direct relationship. Thus, in SOSTAC Digital Marketing Planning, to achieve marketing performance, MSME actors must first be able to create a competitive advantage.
APPROXIMATIONS IN THE SPACE (U,π)

Introduction In [l] Z. Pawlak introduced the notion of an approximation apace as the pair A = (U,R), where U denotes an a rb i t ra ry non-empty set and S denotes some equivalence r e l a t i o n on U, ca l led here i n d i s c e r n i b i l l t y r e l a t i o n . Equivalence c l a s s e s of R are ca l l ed elementary s e t s in A. Every union of elementary s e t s in A and an empty set are ca l l ed composed s e t s in A. I f X c U , then the l e a s t composed set in A containing X w i l l be ca l led the best upper approximation of X in A, and w i l l be denoted by AX. The g rea te s t composed set in A contained in A w i l l be ca l l ed the best lower approximation of X in A, and w i l l be denoted by AX. A d e f i n i t i o n of these two notions that we gave in [2] i s based on a system of axioms f o r approximations and i s d i f f e r e n t that given in [1]. In [1] and [3] [4] Z. Pawlak introduced a l so the notions of rough equa l i ty , rough inc lus ion , rough r e l a t i o n and the notion of the approximation of funct ion in the space A. Basic idea of a l l these notions i s connected with the f a c t that in some app l i ca t ions we are unable to say f o r sure whether some element belongs to the set X or not . Theory of approximations in a sense of the papers [ l ] [4 ] i s a mathematical method f o r approximate c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of o b j e c t s . In many branches of computer science these problems are of primary concern. This theory can be viewed as an a l t e r native to the theory of fuzzy s e t s [ 5 ] , and theory of to le rance space [6] , however there are some e s s e n t i a l d i f f e r e n c e s between these three theor ie s .
Warm conveyor belts as amplifiers of forecast uncertainty

Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are rapidly ascending air streams associated with extratropical cyclones. WCBs exert a substantial influence on the evolution of the large‐scale midlatitude flow and have previously been related to increased forecast uncertainty in case studies. This study provides a first systematic investigation of the role of WCBs for errors in medium‐range ensemble forecasts in the Atlantic–European region. The study is enabled through a unique data set, allowing for a Lagrangian detection of WCBs in three years of operational ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. By analysing the relationship between commonly used error metrics of variables that characterise the large‐scale flow and WCBs, the study aims to shed light on the question of the extent to which WCBs act as a source of forecast errors and as an amplifier of pre‐existing errors in a state‐of‐the‐art global operational numerical weather prediction model. We show that forecasts with high WCB activity are on average characterised by an amplified Rossby‐wave pattern and anticyclonic flow anomalies downstream. We find that the forecast skill is generally reduced when the WCB activity is high, and that WCB activity is particularly increased when the error growth is largest. To establish a causal relationship, we employ two composite approaches. The first focuses on the time of largest error growth and the second calculates normalised forecast error fields centered on WCB objects. Both approaches yield a consistent picture: anomalously high errors are initially associated with misrepresentations of an upstream trough. In regions of WCB ascent and outflow, the errors grow rapidly in terms of magnitude and scale and are projected onto the upper‐level large‐scale circulation. We also find indications that WCBs can cause errors even when the upstream flow is well represented. Notwithstanding, evidence is robust for WCBs acting as an amplifier of forecast uncertainty.
On the structure of random graphs that are locally indistinguishable from a lattice

We study the properties of finite graphs in which the ball of radius $r$ around each vertex induces a graph isomorphic to the ball of radius $r$ in some fixed vertex-transitive graph $F$. This is a natural extension of the study of regular graphs. We focus on the case where $F$ is $\mathbb{L}^d$, the graph of the $d$-dimensional square lattice. In a previous work [I. Benjamini, D. Ellis, On the structure of graphs which are locally indistinguishable from a lattice, {\em Forum of Mathematics, Sigma} 4 (2016), e31. ], the authors obtained a characterisation of all the $n$-vertex graphs in which the ball of radius $r$ around each vertex is isomorphic to the ball of radius $r$ in $\mathbb{L}^d$, for each pair of integers $d,r$ such that $d \geq 2$ and $r \geq 3$. These graphs have a very rigidly proscribed global structure, much more so than that of $(2d)$-regular graphs. In this paper, we estimate the number of unlabelled, $n$-vertex graphs which have the above property (in the case where $r$ is at least linear in $d$). This number grows like a stretched-exponential, again in contrast with the situation for regular graphs. We use this estimate to obtain results on the typical properties of a uniform random such graph. In particular, we show that with high probability, the largest component of this random graph has size $O(n^{1-\epsilon})$ for some fixed $\epsilon>0$ depending only upon $d$, but that there are only $o(n)$ vertices in bounded-size components. Our proofs use a mixture of techniques and results from group theory, topology, analytic number theory and combinatorics.
Medial Meniscal Posterior Horn Suturing Influences Tibial Internal-External Rotation in ACL-Reconstructed Knees

Background: The role of meniscal lesions and repair in combination with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction has not been extensively investigated in vivo and under weightbearing conditions. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to (1) compare the in vivo knee kinematics between patients with ACL tear and those with combined ACL and medial meniscal tears and (2) investigate kinematic differences between isolated ACL reconstruction and ACL reconstruction plus medial meniscal repair (MR). It was hypothesized that concomitant posterior horn medial meniscal tear and ACL deficiency would affect knee internal-external rotation and anterior-posterior translation but MR would restore these parameters. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Nineteen patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were included: 10 had intact menisci (IM group) and 9 had a medial meniscal injury that was repaired during ACL reconstruction using an all-inside technique (MR group). Preoperatively and 18 months postoperatively, active knee kinematics under weightbearing conditions was evaluated during a single-leg squat using a dynamic biplane x-ray imaging system. The general linear model was used to investigate the differences between group (IM vs MR) and time (preoperative vs follow-up) and their interactions. Results: Tibial internal rotation was higher in the MR group than the IM group both before and after surgery (P = .007). Knee valgus rotation was higher in the MR group preoperatively (P < .001), while no differences were found postoperatively because of an increase of valgus rotation in the IM group, which was significant in the descendant phase (P < .001). Preoperatively, the IM group showed a more medial tibial translation compared with the MR group in the descendant phase (P = .006). Conclusion: When performing a single-leg squat, patients with ACL-deficient knees and a medial meniscal tear demonstrated a more valgus rotation, tibial internal rotation, and lateral tibial translation versus those with intact menisci. After ACL reconstruction and MR, these patients demonstrated significantly higher tibial internal rotation when compared with patients who underwent isolated ACL reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: Surgeons should be aware that MR does not fully restore knee kinematics in vivo and under weightbearing conditions in the context of ACL reconstruction.
Appearance of a two-dimensional antiferromagnetic order in quasi-one-dimensional cobalt oxides

By means of muon spin rotation and relaxation $({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\mathrm{SR})$ techniques, we have investigated the magnetism of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) cobalt oxides ${A}_{n+2}{\mathrm{Co}}_{n+1}{\mathrm{O}}_{3n+3}$ ($A=\mathrm{Ca}$, Sr, and Ba; $n=1$, 2, 3, 5, and $\ensuremath{\infty}$), in which the 1D ${\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}$ chain is surrounded by six equally spaced chains forming a triangular lattice in the $ab$ plane, using polycrystalline samples, from room temperature down to 1.8 K. For the compounds with $n=1\text{\char21{}}5$, transverse field ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\mathrm{SR}$ experiments showed the existence of a magnetic transition below $\ensuremath{\sim}100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, although there were no clear anomalies in the susceptibility-vs-$T$ curve. The onset temperature of the transition $({T}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\mathrm{on}})$ was found to decrease with $n$; from 100 K for $n=1$ to 60 K for $n=5$. A damped muon spin oscillation was observed only in the sample with $n=1$ $({\mathrm{Ca}}_{3}{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6})$, whereas only a fast relaxation obtained even at 1.8 K in the other three samples. Combining the fact that the paramagnetic Curie temperature ranges from $\ensuremath{-}150$ to $\ensuremath{-}200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ for the compound with $n=2$ and 3, the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\mathrm{SR}$ result indicates that a two-dimensional (2D) short-range antiferromagnetic (AF) order, which has been thought to be unlikely to exist at high $T$ due to a relatively strong 1D ferromagnetic $(\mathrm{F})$ interaction, appears below ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\mathrm{on}}$ for all compounds with $n=1\text{\char21{}}5$; but quasistatic long-range AF order formed only in ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{3}{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$, below 25 K. For ${\mathrm{BaCoO}}_{3}$ $(n=\ensuremath{\infty})$, as $T$ decreased from 300 K, 1D F order appeared below 53 K, and a sharp 2D AF transition occurred at 15 K.
Small perturbation evolution in compressible Poiseuille flow: pressure–velocity interactions and obliqueness effects

Small perturbation evolution in compressible Poiseuille flow is contrasted against the incompressible case using direct simulations and non-modal linear analysis. The onset of compressibility effects leads to a profound change in the behaviour of pressure and its interaction with the velocity field. Linear analysis shows that the most significant compressibility outcome is the harmonic coupling between pressure and wall-normal velocity perturbations. Oscillations in normal perturbations can lead to periods of negative production causing suppression of perturbation growth. The extent of the influence of compressibility can be characterized in terms of an effective gradient Mach number ( $M_{g}^{e}$ ). Analysis shows that $M_{g}^{e}$ diminishes as the angle of the perturbation increases with respect to the shear plane. Direct numerical simulations show that streamwise perturbations, which would lead to Tollmien–Schlichting instability in the incompressible case, are completely suppressed in the compressible case and experience the highest $M_{g}^{e}$ . At the other extreme, computations reveal that spanwise perturbations, which experience negligible $M_{g}^{e}$ , are entirely unaltered from the incompressible case. Perturbation behaviour at intermediate obliqueness angles is established. Moreover, the underlying pressure–velocity interactions are explicated.
High-Precision Spectroscopy of Forbidden Transitions in Ultracold 4He and 3He

We have measured the forbidden 2 S1 → 2 P1 transition at 887 nm in a quantum degenerate gas of metastable He atoms confined in an optical dipole trap. The determined transition frequency is 338 133 594.4 (0.5) MHz, from which we obtain an ionization energy of the 2 P1 state of 814 709 148.6 (0.5) MHz. This ionization energy is in disagreement by > 3σ with the most accurate quantum electrodynamics (QED) calculations available. Our measurements also provide a determination of the lifetime of the 2 P1 state of 0.551 (0.004)stat ( +0.013 −0.000)syst ns, which is the most accurate determination to date and in excellent agreement with theory.