Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL SINAI POULTRY STRAIN DURING THE GROWING PERIOD AND SUBSEQUENT LAYING PERFORMANCE

A total number of 198 local Sinai birds (180 ♀ and 18 ♂) 14-weeks-old were weighed and divided into six dietary treatments to determine the nutritional requirements of crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) on growth performance and nutrients digestibility during the growing period (13-18 weeks of age) and subsequent effect during laying period from 23 to 32 weeks of age. The dietary levels of CP and ME included 3x2 factorial design (13, 14 and 15 CP, each contained 2650 and 2700 ME). The results obtained indicated that BW at the end of grower period increased significantly with the diet contained 15% CP+2700 Kcal/Kg diet followed by those fed diet contained 14% CP + 2650 Kcal/Kg diet as compared to the other dietary groups. The best value of feed conversion ratio was observed with the diet contained 15% CP + 2700 Kcal/Kg diet followed by the diet with 14% CP + 2650 Kcal/ Kg diet. In respect of sexual maturity (SM) the pullets fed diet contained 14% CP + 2650 Kcal/ Kg diet reached to SM at earlier age (139 days). the values of crude fiber digestibility was significantly increased in the pullets fed diet contained 14% + 2650 kcal/Kg diet compared to those fed the diet with 15% CP+2650 Kcal/Kg diet. The birds fed previous grower diet contained 15% CP + 2700 Kcal/Kg diet ME recorded significantly the highest value of feed intake compared to the other dietary treatments except for the diet with 14% CP+2650 Kcal/Kg diet ME and 14% CP+ 2700Kcal/ Kg diet ME. Subsequent significant effect was observed on feed conversion ratio where there was significantly improved due to the grower diet contained 14% CP + 2650 Kcal/Kg diet ME compared to the other treatments except for the grower diet included CP 15% +2700 Kcal/Kg diet. The most remarkable was observed with the hens fed previous grower diet contained 14 CP% + ME 2650 Kcal/Kg diet where there was a significant increase in economic efficiency compared to the other dietary treatments except for those fed grower diet with CP 15% + ME 2700 Kcal/Kg diet. The results in the current study illustrated that the Sinai birds during the growing period (13-18 weeks of age) require 14%dietary crude protein and 2650 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy diet to optimal performance during the growing and laying periods.
Pre-service Science Teachers’ Conceptions of Sound and the Role of Task Value Beliefs

This study aimed to determine the extent of pre-service science teachers’ (PTS) process and materialistic understanding of sound concept and the role of their task value beliefs in their scientific conception of sound. With this aim, the Sound Concept Inventory Instrument (SCII) was translated and adapted to Turkish. The SCII was administered to 320 PTS from four universities across Turkey. The average percentages of correct responses of PTS to the main and subcategory questions of the SCII showed that PTS hold both materialistic and process views of sound. Moreover, the results of the regression analysis indicated that PTSs’ task value belief was a significant predictor of their scientific view of sound. Based on these findings, a number of recommendations have been suggested for PTS education programs in Turkey.
The Role of Principals and Administrators in Performance Appraisal of School Teachers in Punjab

Qualitative research was conducted in the interpretive paradigm using phenomenology as an approach to check the execution of the performance appraisal system (PAS) at higher secondary schools in Punjab. The population of the study consisted of key stakeholders of appraisal, higher secondary school principals, teachers, and district administration. 6 out of 36 districts were selected from school district rankings, each falling in poor, good, and average criterion. Participants of one district served as a pilot and the rest for the main study. A total of 35 participants were selected from five districts purposively; a selection criterion was used to select a set of one administrator, one principal and five teachers from each of the five districts. After obtaining consent from the participants, structured interviews were conducted with the school principals and district administrators, while the focus group was held with the teachers of each district using self-constructed interview protocols. Thematic analysis was performed on data obtained from different sources. Seven themes emerged during analysis reflected that the principals and teachers have enough knowledge and experience to conduct the PAS. It is a positive activity that must be continued; however, the procedure needs improvement. PAS should be planned and conducted with the consultation of teachers, motivating them for further improvement.
Age-Specific Survival, Mortality and Reproduction, and Prospects for Conservation of Limonium delicatulum

1. Limonium delicatulum is a salt-tolerant cushion plant. Survival, mortality and reproduction were investigated, and their implications for the conservation of naturally growing populations in the Mediterranean region of Egypt were assessed. 2. The total annual seed output by the entire population was computed to be c. 76 000 seeds. About 29.5% of the seeds had the potential to germinate in soil, and out of these germinable seeds, about 7.9% gave seedlings. The juvenile plants comprised about 5.9% of the seedlings, while about 65% of juveniles reached mature reproductive stage.3. The survivorship curve, life table and fecundity schedule reflected high mortality of seeds and seedlings
Validation of a rhinitis symptom questionnaire (ISAAC core questions) in a population of Swiss school children visiting the school health services

The primary aim of the study was to assess the validity of the ISAAC core questions on rhinitis in a population of Swiss school children by comparing them to skin prick test results. Second, the positive predictive value in detecting atopy among children with rhinitis symptoms was determined. Third, agreement between parental reports of hay fever and rhinitis symptoms was evaluated, since earlier Swiss prevalence surveys had exclusively relied on reported hay fever.
Efeito de diferentes programas de iluminação para poedeiras semi-pesadas criadas em galpões abertos

Avaliou-se o efeito de programas de iluminacao sobre o desempenho zootecnico e qualidade de ovos de poedeiras semi-pesadas. Foram testados tres programas de luz: continuo de 15h (natural+artificial); intermitente (duas fotofases de 15s entre a luz natural) e iluminacao natural crescente. Foram utilizadas 192 aves alojadas em galpao dividido em tres ambientes de forma que a iluminacao de um nao interferisse na do outro. O periodo experimental teve a duracao de 112 dias, sendo avaliado o desempenho zootecnico atraves da producao de ovos, consumo de racao, peso e massa de ovos. A qualidade de ovos foi avaliada atraves da gravidade especifica dos ovos, peso e espessura da casca e Unidade Haugh. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com oito repeticoes, sendo as medias dos tratamentos comparadas pelo teste SNK (5%). Nos resultados de desempenho, o consumo de racao e peso dos ovos foram semelhantes (P 0,05) em relacao a luz natural. A qualidade dos ovos nao foi alterada (P<0,05) pelos programas. Programa de iluminacao intermitente pode ser usado em galpoes abertos permitindo manter o desempenho zootecnico de poedeiras semi-pesadas sem alterar a qualidade do ovo. Programa de luz natural crescente diminui a producao de ovos.
The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Commitment : A Study of Deluxe Hotels in Hurghada , Egypt

This research studies the impact of the human resource management (HRM) practices of hotel employees on their perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational commitment (OC). The study also analyzes the impact of socio-demographic factors on OC. Data for this study was collected via selfadministrated questionnaires with employees from 36 hotels in Hurghada. The study revealed that correlations between HRM practices and both of employees’ POS and AC were positive and significant. There was also significant positive relationship between POS and AC. The regression analysis results demonstrated that HRM practices had a strong significant relationship to employees’ OC and POS. Moreover, POS was found to partially mediate the relationship between HRM practices and AC. The findings revealed that proper use of HRM practices would make the employees more committed to their hotels. The results suggest that the hotels HR managers should put great emphasis on employees to stimulate job commitment and to develop clear practical framework for which to analyze, assess and potentially guide the influence of HRM practices on POS and the influence of POS on OC.
Sex ratio of offspring in Peromyscus maniculatus borealis

We examined the effect of environmental conditions and timing of reproduction on sex ratio of offspring in Peromyscus maniculatus borealis . Timing of reproduction within the breeding season had no effect on the sex ratio of offspring at first capture. However, sex ratio at first capture in a wild population was correlated positively with the amount of precipitation during the breeding season. We suggest that environmental conditions affect the relative rate of mortality of male and female offspring during the period between birth and first capture. We introduce a method to test the hypothesis that multiparous females repeat the direction of sex-bias between litters. Our results suggest that females may be more likely to repeat direction of sex-bias than to shift direction of sex-bias between litters in a breeding season. In this population, the microhabitats of breeding females have been shown to affect timing of reproduction and sex ratio of offspring. Thus, microhabitat during the breeding season may be an important determinant of the reproductive success of females.
An Analysis of the Feeding Ecology of the Salamanders (Amphibia, Urodela) of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

The gut contents of 486 salamanders representing all five species (Plethodon cinereus, Desmognathus fuscus, Eurycea bislineata, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, and Notophthalmus viridescens) occurring in the northern hardwoods forest of central New Hampshire were analyzed. These data show that there is broad niche overlap in the feeding ecology of the five species but spatial (habitat) separation, and gradients in size of adult salamanders effectively reduce competition for food resources. The food habits of all five species in the forest are described in detail. Generally, all five species are euryphagic predators and feed on any food they can capture in the proper size category.
Secondary succession following slash and burn agriculture in north-eastern Indian. II: Nutrient cycling

SUMMARY (1) The accumulation of elements by vegetation and their rate of uptake and release through litterfall were determined in stands developed during 20 years after shifting agriculture. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were higher in the living aerial biomass than in the litter. Trees were found to have a high concentration of calcium, a bamboo of potassium, and herbaceous species of phosphorus. (2) The elements in the above-ground living biomass increased linearly with increase in the age of the fallow until, in the 20-year old fallow, the densities were (g m-2): 49, nitrogen; 6, phosphorus; 138, potassium; 44, calcium; and 23, magnesium. In fallows 10-20 years old, bamboo alone contained 40-45% of the nitrogen, 44-49% of the phosphorus, 54-60% of the potassium, 17-20% of the calcium and 35-40% of the magnesium in the total vegetation. (3) The annual rate of accumulation was maximal after 15-20 years for nitrogen (2-5 g m-2 year-'), 10-15 years for potassium (8. 1 g m-2 year-'), and during the first year for phosphorus (0.4 g m-2 year-1). Potassium showed the highest rate of accumulation in different fallows and was 2.5- to 4.5-fold higher than calcium and 3- to 14-fold higher than magnesium. (4) The enrichment quotient (the weight of an element in the vegetation divided by its rate of uptake) was higher for phosphorus and potassium than for nitrogen, calcium and magnesium, indicating the rapid rate of accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in the standing biomass. The density of elements in the soil was minimal in 5-10 year old fallows. The annual return of elements through litterfall increased with the age of the fallow during the 20 years of study.
Banking reform and SME financing in Ethiopia

This study investigates the effect of banking reform on Small and Medium Enterprise (henceforth SMEs) access to bank credit during post-liberalization period 1994 to 2007. Aiming at casting light on the changes in the country’s banking sector, bank concentration, competition, efficiency, and liquidity have been assessed. In addition, survey of 102 randomly selected manufacturing SME has been conducted to examine changes in SME access to bank loan. Assessment of changes in the banking sector reveals that the sector has become less concentrated. However, competition among banks is weak, which is manifested through operational inefficiency and accumulation of large stock of liquidity. This led to persistence of lack of access to bank loan even after the reform. The study also finds that access to loan is limited across firms of different age groups, ownership forms, and at different stages of SME development. In general, despite the introduction of banking sector reform in 1994 that led to expansion of the banking industry, SMEs’ problem of credit access has persisted. This implies that changes in the banking sector structure per se are not sufficient to introduce competition in the banking industry and an improvement in SME credit access. Policy makers should therefore devise mechanisms that enhance competition in the banking sector and establish a policy framework that encourages them to lend to the SME sector.
Animal Rights, Human Rights: Ecology, Economy and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic

The campaign to ban seal hunting in Canada won international headlines and achieved its aims to a large extent. Most observers felt instinctively that the campaigners were . right. but little thought was given to the cataclysmic consequences the ban would have on the way of life and economy of a traditional people, the Inuit of Arctic Canada. A distinguished anthropologist who has spent over twenty years living and working with the Inuit Community, George Wenzel provides a reasoned, in-depth, coolly written but powerful critique of this received interpretation and shows how the campaigners 'own cultural prejudices and questionable ecological imperatives brought hardship, distress and instability to an ecologically balanced traditional culture. This book is both a careful academic study and a disturbing comment on how environmental activity may oppress a whole society, which raises serious questions about the motives and methods of the animal rights' movement in a much wider context than the case here studied.
Guidelines (2013) for managing overweight and obesity in adults

Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, American Pharmacists Association, American Society for Nutrition, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, American Society for Preventive Cardiology, American Society of Hypertension, Association of Black Cardiologists, National Lipid Association, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, The Endocrine Society, and WomenHeart: The National Coalition for Women With Heart Disease
Tracing the Evolution of Transfer of Training: A Review Article

This article presents an evolution of transfer of training from 1901 to 2020. The discussion about transfer of training begins with a brief introduction to the framework about the transfer process, followed by the literature review on transfer of training. For the purpose of simplicity, the literature review is broadly discussed based on three eras of research: 1901 to 1988, 1988 to 2008, and 2008 to 2020. During the entire discussion, the results of the research conducted in the three eras are compared and the changing research trends from 1901 to 2020 are discussed.
Echolocation in free-flying Atiu Swiftlets (Aerodramus sawtelli)

Vocalizations of wild Atiu Swiftlets (Aerodramus sawtelli Holyoak 1974) were recorded as they entered and exited their roost/nesting cave on Atiu Island in the Cook Islands. The echolocation calls of the Atiu Swiftlet resemble those of other Aerodramus spp. in their short durations (1-3 msec), peak frequencies (6-7 kHz) and broad bandwidths (3-10 kHz) but are emitted as distinct single pulses rather than the double or multiple clicks typical of most swiftlets. Spectral analyses indicate that the birds do not adjust the peak frequencies of their calls as they fly within the cave and we suggest the bird does not systematically structure the frequency content of its calls. Birds decrease their interpulse periods upon entering the cave and increase them upon exiting, presumably in response to differing light levels. As they land at their roost/nest site, birds emit a train of low interpulse period calls that is occasionally followed by a vocalization that we suggest serves as an announcement to other birds on or near the nests.
Somatic mutations in the death domain of the Fas (Apo‐1/CD95) gene in gastric cancer

It is now believed that genes regulating apoptosis are also important variables in cancer development. Fas, a transmembrane protein of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family, is a key molecule for cell death signalling. The mutation of the primary structure of the Fas gene might also be one of the possible mechanisms that disrupt Fas‐mediated apoptosis in tumour cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether somatic mutation of the Fas gene could be involved in the tumourigenesis of gastric cancer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis with two intragenic polymorphic markers, and mutation analysis for the entire coding regions of the Fas gene were performed in 43 cases of gastric cancer, using PCR–single‐strand conformational polymorphism sequencing. Five (11.6%) missense mutations were detected, only in the death domain of the Fas gene. Although these mutations were observed only in intestinal‐type gastric cancers, there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of Fas mutation between intestinal‐ and diffuse‐type gastric cancer (p=0.068). Nine LOH out of 22 informative cases were also detected with one or both markers (41%). Three of them demonstrated a somatic mutation in the remaining allele, indicating the inactivation of both alleles. These results suggest that genetic alterations of the Fas gene may not only be limited to gastric cancer cell protection through Fas resistance, but may also play an important role in tumour promotion and/or progression in a subset of gastric cancer. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of host genetics on gut microbiome: Take‐home lessons from human and mouse studies

The intestinal microbiome has emerged as an important component involved in various diseases. Therefore, the interest in understanding the factors shaping its composition is growing. The gut microbiome, often defined as a complex trait, contains diverse components and its properties are determined by a combination of external and internal effects. Although much effort has been invested so far, it is still difficult to evaluate the extent to which human genetics shape the composition of the gut microbiota. However, in mouse studies, where the environmental factors are better controlled, the effect of the genetic background was significant. The purpose of this paper is to provide a current assessment of the role of human host genetics in shaping the gut microbiome composition. Despite the inconsistency of the reported results, it can be estimated that the genetic factor affects a portion of the microbiome. However, this effect is currently lower than the initial estimates, and it is difficult to separate the genetic influence from the environmental effect. Additionally, despite the differences between the microbial composition of humans and mice, results from mouse models can strengthen our knowledge of host genetics underlying the human gut microbial variation.
Establishment and Performance of Bluegrass Species and Tall Fescue under Reduced-input Maintenance in a Temperate Mediterranean Environment

S . Turfgrass water conservation has become important in many parts of the world, including the transition zones of Mediterranean Europe. Species selection is considered one of the most important factors inﬂuencing turfgrass water use, and drought-tolerant cool-season species are encouraged to be used in areas where long dormancy periods of warm-season grasses is unacceptable. A ﬁeld study was conducted from Mar. 2007 to Sept. 2009 at Padova University, Italy, to evaluate establishment and performance of nine turfgrass cultivars under reduced-input maintenance. The study included hybrid bluegrass ( Poa pratensis · P. arachnifera ) cultivars Solar Green, Thermal Blue, and Thermal Blue Blaze; kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis ) cultivars Cocktail, Cynthia, and Geronimo; and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ) cultivars Apache, Murray, and Regiment. Establishment rate was assessed after two seeding dates (20 Mar. and 20 Sept.), and grasses were sub-sequently fertilized with 15 g (cid:2) m L 2 nitrogen per year and irrigated once every 2 weeks at 40% of reference evapotranspiration from June to August. Turfgrass and weed cover were estimated 60 days after seeding (DAS), and turf quality was evaluated weekly on a scale of 1 (worst) to 9 (best). Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was measured weekly during 2009. Tall fescue cultivars exhibited greater quality than hybrid bluegrass or kentucky bluegrass, under both spring and autumn seeding. Hybrid bluegrass had similar quality to kentucky bluegrass cultivars, although they performed well only when sown in autumn. Our results suggest that among the tested grasses, tall fescue performed better under the reduced irrigation in a Mediterranean transition zone climate than kentucky bluegrass or hybrid bluegrass.