Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sapphirine as a Breakdown Product of Garnet in a Variscan UHP/HT Peridotite from the Vosges Mountains (France) – An Indication of Near-Isothermal Decompression

In the Variscan Vosges Mountains (France) small bodies of orogenic garnet peridotite occur within felsic gneisses (former granulites). In most of these peridotite bodies the original garnet is completely transformed to kelyphite surrounded by a relatively thin two-layer corona of orthopyroxene 6 clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene þ clinopyroxene þ spinel, which was formed during decompression and reflects the transition from garnet peridotite to spinel peridotite. The porphyroblastic garnet peridotite of Laveline-du-Houx originally formed at 4 16 0 2 GPa and 1000 6 20 C, as shown by geothermobarometry on relics of pyroxene and garnet. Geochemically, the rock is only moderately depleted relative to primitive mantle. It contains mineralogically zoned pseudomorphs after garnet, which formed during exhumation and allow for reconstruction of the retrograde pressuretemperature (P–T) path. Inside the commonly present, marginal, two-layer corona of these pseudomorphs, there follow two additional spherical shells: a relatively thick shell consisting of Al-rich pyroxenes (with small inclusions of chemically modified garnet relics) and spinel followed by an inner shell containing the assemblage sapphirine þ Al-rich orthopyroxene þ Al-rich clinopyroxene 6 spinel. Both shells were generated by metasomatic reactions (introduction of Na and Ca) between garnet and olivine at pressures between about 2 3 and 1 0 GPa and temperatures of 950– 1000 C. Increasing infiltration of water during exhumation is documented by inclusions of aspidolite in spinel and by formation of amphibole in the sapphirine-bearing zone. Locally, spaces between Al-rich orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene reacted to olivine, plagioclase and minor amounts of Al-poor pyroxenes, indicating pressures below 0 7 GPa. Moreover, sapphirine became partially or completely converted to fine-grained symplectitic aggregates of spinel and plagioclase, and Alrich clinopyroxene partially reacted to a very fine-grained symplectite of amphibole, plagioclase, and minor spinel. Relic garnet in the central parts of the pseudomorphs was almost completely transformed to kelyphite. The near-isothermal exhumation path of this small ultramafic body indicates rapid exhumation that seems only possible within a larger mass of less dense, more felsic rocks, which also underwent ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, but reequilibrated much faster and more efficiently than its ultramafic passenger during uplift.
Awareness of Emergency Department Physicians toward Management of Medicolegal Cases in Egypt

Background: The emergency department physicians' awareness of situations that could have medical-legal repercussions is critical. The patient's right to justice will be infringed if it is not implemented and medical professionals cannot recognize medicolegal cases or neglect to gather forensic evidence. Aim: The aim of the current study is to assess the awareness of Egyptian emergency department physicians in managing medicolegal cases they encountered in the emergency department. Subjects and methods: A self-administered structured questionnaire was created and filled out online by 404 physicians working in emergency departments all over Egyptian private, Ministry of Health, and, university hospitals to assess physicians' way of handling cases that had medicolegal depths. Results: The score of knowledge of documentation, and knowledge of reporting authority were 63% and 36% respectively, the majority of respondents said that they require training programs, particularly during the residency time. Unfortunately, there was a lack of awareness of the availability of a standardized methodology for the handling of medicolegal cases, tools and kits for recording and evidence collecting. Even while several teaching hospitals in Egypt have standardized protocols for the administration of medicolegal matters, doctors were still not fully aware of these standards. Conclusion: The majority of emergency physicians had a passable understanding of the significance of medical records for legal purposes and there was a lack of practice, inadequate training, and a lack of tools and kits for gathering evidence.
A CFAR-Enhanced Ship Detector for SAR Images Based on YOLOv5s

Ship detection and recognition in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are crucial for maritime surveillance and traffic management. Limited availability of high-quality datasets hinders in-depth exploration of ship features in complex SAR images. While most existing SAR ship research is primarily based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and although deep learning advances SAR image interpretation, it often prioritizes recognition over computational efficiency and underutilizes SAR image prior information. Therefore, this paper proposes YOLOv5s-based ship detection in SAR images. Firstly, for comprehensive detection enhancement, we employ the lightweight YOLOv5s model as the baseline. Secondly, we introduce a sub-net into YOLOv5s, learning traditional features to augment ship feature representation of Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR). Additionally, we attempt to incorporate frequency-domain information into the channel attention mechanism to further improve detection. Extensive experiments on the Ship Recognition and Detection Dataset (SRSDDv1.0) in complex SAR scenarios confirm our method’s 68.04% detection accuracy and 60.25% recall, with a compact 18.51 M model size. Our network surpasses peers in mAP, F1 score, model size, and inference speed, displaying robustness across diverse complex scenes.
Boosting Shareholder Value: The Impact of Green Bonds on Equity Markets

The study empirically investigates the impact of green bonds issuance on listed firms operating in G7 (Japan, UK, USA, France, Germany, Italy, and Canada) economies. The sample consist of monthly data ranges from January 2015 to August 2022. Green bonds issuance data is collected from announcements, press releases, and semi-annual or yearly reports. Additionally, we use the official websites and credit rating agency portals of the particular country to find debt issuance. The subsequent findings imply that the issuance of green bonds cast a positive impact on shareholder wealth maximization moreover, sustainable financing practice increases firm value in a long run and thus is favored by shareholders.
Unlocking SME investment potential: The determinants of an effective credit guarantee scheme in Morocco

This research seeks to identify the factors influencing the investment potential of SMEs following their receipt of government-guaranteed loans. To this end, an empirical methodology based on the statistical analysis of data collected from a representative sample of Moroccan companies was employed. This sample of 335 SMEs that had benefited from loans with government guarantees was selected at random to ensure its relevance to the population of SMEs in Morocco. The methodological approach is based on a regression analysis using the robust least squares (RLS) method. Firm profitability is positively related to higher investment, suggesting that government guarantees should encourage investment by profitable SMEs. Liquidity, repayment capacity and indebtedness at the time of applying for finance do not appear to influence investment. These elements can be improved after financing, which indicates that government guarantees should not penalize SMEs in difficulty. Decision-making maturity has a negative effect on investment, suggesting that young companies and entrepreneurs tend to invest more. A negative correlation is observed between company size and investment, which suggests that government guarantees should be geared towards small SMEs and young companies and entrepreneurs. Finally, managers with a large share of capital invest more, leading us to believe that government guarantees should favor this type of SME.
Timing of collision initiation and location of the Scandian orogenic suture in the Scandinavian Caledonides

The Scandinavian Caledonides represent a classical example of a deeply eroded Himalayan‐style orogen formed during Baltica–Laurentia continent collision. We propose that initial contact along continental‐margin promontories led to a drop in convergence rate, resulting in increased slab rollback along parts of the margin still undergoing oceanic subduction. Slab rollback caused extension of the overlying lithosphere with orogen‐wide emplacement of mafic layered intrusions, ophiolite formation and bimodal magmatism at 438–434 Ma, in what immediately thereafter became the upper plate (Laurentia) in the Scandian continent–continent collision. A compilation of magmatic ages provides evidence of long‐lived, Ordovician arc magmatism in units above the suture, which is essentially absent below the suture. This model provides a tight constraint on the timing of collision initiation, and provides a framework by which tectonic units comprising the Scandinavian Caledonides can be assigned a Baltican or more exotic heritage.
Deferred tax assets, earnings quality and their effects on bank results: Evidence from Brazil

Contextualização: Os Ativos Fiscais Diferidos (AFD) podem tornar a qualidade de lucros poluída pelo seu uso, pois, os lucros apresentados estarão inflados por esses ativos, resultantes de operações financeiras discricionárias. Objetivo: Esse estudo teve por objetivo identificar os efeitos dos AFD na perspectiva de qualidade de lucros dos bancos, sendo utilizadas as proxies persistência de lucros, alisamento de lucros e Earning Response Coefficient (ERC). Método: Os testes empíricos tiveram por base as informações dos relatórios financeiros dos bancos, Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN), Bloomberg e Economatica® de 2017 a 2021, sendo estimados por dados em painel. Resultados: Os resultados sugerem que, quanto maiores os AFD, maiores serão a persistência de lucros e os lucros inesperados pelo ERC e, menor será o alisamento de lucros. Conclusões: A perspectiva de qualidade de lucros exibida nos resultados evidencia a validação dos modelos propostos, contribuindo não somente para o tema AFD e a qualidade de lucros, mas, também, a associação do uso discricionário desses ativos como geradores de resultados poluidores dos bancos, sendo constatados, nesse estudo que, os médios apresentaram significância no uso dos AFD para a persistência de lucros, e os pequenos para a persistência e o alisamento de lucros, sendo beneficiados quanto às movimentações de empréstimos concedidos e de estoques de AFD, tornando-os mais persistentes e alisados ao longo do período amostral.
Acute Pancreatitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Chicken–Egg Paradox—A Seven-Year Experience of a Large Tertiary Center

(1) Background: Preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown in some studies as a risk factor and a severity factor for acute pancreatitis (AP). In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the link between T2DM and AP using data from a large retrospective epidemiological registry in a tertiary center. (2) Methods: We conducted a retrospective, large-cohort study of 1855 cases of AP and recurrent AP drawn from the seven-year consecutive hospitalization electronic health records of the largest acute-care tertiary teaching center in Romania. (3) Results: We observed a significant association between T2DM and a more severe course of the disease, and between T2DM and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to AP, in our cohort using a chi-square test. However, we did not see a meaningful difference in comparing LoS-ICU between T2DM-AP and OAP (other known cause of AP). AP patients with T2DM had a greater probability of a severe course of the disease and were more likely to be admitted to the ICU than to the OAP. (4) Conclusions: The association between T2DM and AP remains a topic very representative of the “chicken–egg paradox”. We need further research on DM-related AP and their bidirectional association as our study is limited by its retrospective design.
Using standardized indicators to analyse dry/wet conditions and their application for monitoring drought/floods: a study in the Logone catchment, Lake Chad basin

ABSTRACT The standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized streamflow index (SSI) were used to analyse dry/wet conditions in the Logone catchment over a 50-year period (1951–2000). The SPI analysis at different time scales showed several meteorological drought events ranging from moderate to extreme; and SSI analysis showed that wetter conditions prevailed in the catchment from 1950 to 1970 interspersed with a few hydrological drought events. Overall, the results indicate that both the Sudano and Sahelian zones are equally prone to droughts and floods. However, the Sudano zone is more sensitive to drier conditions, while the Sahelian zone is sensitive to wetter conditions. Correlation analysis between SPI and SSI at multiple time scales revealed that the catchment has a low response to rainfall at short time scales, though this progressively changed as the time scale increased, with strong correlations (≥0.70) observed after 12 months. Analysis using individual monthly series showed that the response time reduced to 3 months in October.
Vb Cyclones Synchronized With the Arctic‐/North Atlantic Oscillation

Vb cyclones typically emerge in the Western Mediterranean and propagate to the Northeast into Central Europe. This paper explores the temporal characteristics of Vb cyclone occurrence based on cyclone tracks identified at the atmospheric levels of Z700 and sea level pressure, using JRA‐55 reanalysis data for the period 1959–2015. The risk of Vb occurrence was significantly high in the 1960s and has remained at a lower level since then. Vb cyclones do not occur fully randomly according to a Poisson point process. Eleven well‐separated and distinct clusters as well as 11 hiatus periods are identified, with average occurrence rates of 21.5 and 5.2 yrea−1, respectively. During the event of Vb, the large‐scale atmospheric circulation is changed into a state favoring the development of successive Vb cyclones. Clustering is very prominent in the case of Genoan Vb cyclones in summer as well as those Vb cyclones developing over the Iberian Peninsula or the North African Coast in winter. Superposition of the polar and the subtropical jet stream over the Western Mediterranean is identified as a main feature at the onset of Vb cyclones. Vb cyclone occurrence appears to be synchronized with the Northern Atlantic Oscillation (NAO; at Z500) and Arctic Oscillation (AO; at Z1000). Clusters have occurred when both NAO and AO were negative. This relation applies to Western Mediterranean cyclones not following a Vb track as well, however to a much weaker extent. In contrast, Vb cyclone frequency was particularly low from 1988 to 1997 during a sustained positive phase of both NAO and AO.
Skin Heat Transfer and Thermal Sensation Coupling Model under Steady Stimulation

Thermal sensation prediction models can help to evaluate complex thermal environments and guide the environment conditioning strategy. However, most existing models are established basing on the thermal status of the entire human body or local body parts, failing to reflect thermal sensation generating mechanism or micro-scale (centimeter-scale) thermal sensation. This study put forward a new thermal sensation predicting approach by coupling the skin heat transfer and the thermoreceptor impulse signals. The micro-scale thermal sensitivity data under steady stimuli were applied to bridging the objective heat transfer model and the subjective sensation model. The model contains a one-dimensional skin heat transfer equation and three sensation-generating equations: the thermoreceptor impulse equation, the psychosensory intensity equation, and the thermal sensation equation. The dimension of the skin heat transfer equation was determined through a skin temperature diffusion experiment, and the coefficients of the static/dynamic impulse in the thermoreceptor impulse equation and the thermal sensation equation were obtained through polynomial fitting using thermal sensitivity data. The validated mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 0.08 and 0.1 under cooling and heating stimuli, respectively. This new model can predict thermal sensation on the centimeter scale and be applied under different boundary conditions. In the future, the new model can be further developed by testing dynamic stimuli and other boundary conditions so that it can be applied to more complex thermal exposures.
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: FACULTY MEMBERS PERSPECTIVE IN SAUDI UNIVERSITIES

Sustainability in higher education involves the integration of sustainable principles, practices, and values into the fundamental functions of educational institutions, addressing environmental, social, and economic dimensions. This study aims to evaluate sustainability practices in Saudi higher education institutions, focusing on faculty members' perceptions. The primary objective is to assess the extent of sustainability implementation across academic, research, social, and environmental dimensions in Saudi universities. By leveraging faculty members' insights, the study seeks to identify areas of strength and weakness in current sustainability practices. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, utilizing an electronic questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. A random sample of 275 faculty members from diverse Saudi universities actively participates in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods are applied for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The findings indicate a limited implementation of sustainability practices within Saudi universities across various dimensions, as perceived by faculty members. Weaknesses are identified in academic, research, social, and environmental spheres. The study recommends that universities prioritize sustainability by establishing dedicated committees and drawing inspiration from successful institutions in the field. A clear strategic vision for sustainability is crucial for advancing these practices within higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia.
Validating the Assessment for Measuring Indonesian Secondary School Students Performance in Ecology

The aims of this current study are validating the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Ecology assessment and examining the performance of Indonesian secondary school students on the assessment. A total of 611 Indonesian secondary school students (218 middle school students and 393 high school students) participated in the study. Forty-five items of AAAS assessment in the topic of Interdependence in Ecosystems were divided into two versions which every version has 21 similar items. Linking item method was used as the method to combine those two versions of assessment and further Rasch analyses were utilized to validate the instrument. Independent sample t-test was also run to compare the performance of Indonesian students and American students based on the mean of item difficulty. We found that from the total of 45 items, three items were identified as misfitting items. Later on, we also found that both Indonesian middle and high school students were significantly lower performance with very large and medium effect size compared to American students. We will discuss our findings in the regard of validation issue and the connection to Indonesian student’s science literacy.
Empowering hate speech detection: leveraging linguistic richness and deep learning

Social media has become a vital part of most modern human personal life. Twitter is one of the social media that was formed from the development of communication technology. A lot of social media gives users the freedom to express themselves. This facility is misused by users, so hate speech is spread. Designing a system to detect hate speech intelligently is needed. This study uses the hybrid deep learning (HDL) and solo deep learning (SDL) approach with the convolutional neural networks (CNN) and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) algorithm. There are 4 models built, namely CNN, Bi-GRU, CNN+Bi-GRU, and Bi-GRU+CNN. Term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) is used for feature extraction, which is to get linguistic features to be analyzed and studied. FastText is used to perform feature expansion to minimize mismatched vocabulary. Four scenarios are run. CNN with an accuracy of 87.63%, Bi-GRU produces an accuracy of 87.46%, CNN+Bi-GRU provides an accuracy of 87.47% and Bi-GRU+CNN provides an accuracy of 87.34%. The ability of this approach to understand the context is qualified. HDL outperforms SDL in terms of n-gram type, where HDL can understand sentences broken down by hybrid n-gram types, namely Unigram-Bigram-Trigram which is a complex n-gram hybrid.
Mega‐blowouts in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: Morphology, distribution and initiation

Blowouts are wind‐eroded landforms that are widely distributed in the north‐eastern part in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), China. These blowouts are thought to form in response to climate change and/or human activity but little is known about their morphodynamics. Using field surveys, remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis, the distribution and morphology of blowouts are analysed and their initiation considered. Results show the QTP mega‐blowouts are some of the largest in the world. The orientations of the trough shaped blowouts are parallel with the prevailing wind, but the saucer and bowl‐shaped blowouts are influenced by bi‐directional transport. Whilst regional patterns of blowout shape and size were observed to reflect the extent of aeolian sediments and wind regimes, the relationship between the different morphological parameters showed consistency. During initial stages of development, the length to width ratios of blowouts increase rapidly with area but after they reach a mega size this relationship stabilizes as blowouts widen. Initial luminescence dating shows that blowouts appear to have initiated ~100 to 500 years ago, coinciding with the Little Ice Age (LIA) climate event when northwest winds are known to have intensified. Further work is required to confirm this initiation period and establish the significance of mega blowouts for landscape degradation and human activities. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arctic Summer Airmass Transformation, Surface Inversions, and the Surface Energy Budget

During the Arctic Clouds in Summer Experiment (ACSE) in summer 2014 a weeklong period of warm-air advection over melting sea ice, with the formation of a strong surface temperature inversion and dense fog, was observed. Based on an analysis of the surface energy budget, we formulated the hypothesis that, because of the airmass transformation, additional surface heating occurs during warm-air intrusions in a zone near the ice edge. To test this hypothesis, we explore all cases with surface inversions occurring during ACSE and then characterize the inversions in detail. We find that they always occur with advection from the south and are associated with subsidence. Analyzing only inversion cases over sea ice, we find two categories: one with increasing moisture in the inversion and one with constant or decreasing moisture with height. During surface inversions with increasing moisture with height, an extra 10–25 W m−2 of surface heating was observed, compared to cases without surface inversions; the surface turbulent heat flux was the largest single term. Cases with less moisture in the inversion were often cloud free and the extra solar radiation plus the turbulent surface heat flux caused by the inversion was roughly balanced by the loss of net longwave radiation.