Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic sarcoma. A follow-up study of the ninety-four cases observed at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1920 to 1960.

All cases of osteogenic sarcoma treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital during the forty-year period 1920 to 1960 were studied. Ninety-four patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of this study, and follow-up imiformation was obtained in ninety-two of the cases. Thirteen patients survived more than five years after surgical therapy. The majority of the tumors were located imi the metaphyses of the bones having the greatest growth activity; that is, forty in the distal part of the femur, fourteen in the proximal part of the tibia, and ten in the proximal part of the humerus. The tumors occurred most frequently during the period of active growth, forty-nine occurring in patients between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four years. Paget's disease was associated with osteogenic sarcoma in eleven patients, all of whom were over the age of forty.
Lower Kimmeridgian layer with bored and encrusted hiatus concretions (Upper Jurassic, Central Poland) : implications for stratigraphy and basin evolution

The paper presents a comparative analysis of a Lower Kimmeridgian layer with bored and encrusted hiatus concretions collected in three study areas, located in Central Poland. These studies demonstrate distinct similarities between the hiatus concretions in terms of their origin, development and stratigraphic position. The layer with its characteristic concretions seems to represent an important marker horizon for the Lower Kimmeridgian successions in Central Poland. The identification of this marker horizon in drill cores and exposures could be important for definition of the stratigraphic position of the sediments, which otherwise lack appropriate biostratigraphic information. The matrix of the concretions is composed of pelagic calciturbidites, which reflect flooding of the early Kimmeridgian platform. These sediments were lithified early and formed a hardground. The origin of the hiatus concretions probably is related to erosion of the hardground, followed by redeposition and several phases of exhumation and erosion, preceding final burial. The characteristic ecological successions, observed in the concretions, document an evolution from soft to firm and hard marine substrates, typical of hardgrounds and evidenced by various burrows, borings ( Gastrochaenolites, Trypanites ), and epizoans. Calciturbidite sedimentation, hardground erosion and redeposition of the hiatus concretions, known from deposits of the Platynota Zone in Central Poland, were associated with synsedimentary activity of the Holy Cross Fault, on the NE margin of the extensive, tectonic Malopolska Block.
The Mediating Role of Brown Fat and Skeletal Muscle Measured by 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose in the Thermoregulatory System in Young Adults

This study aimed to examine whether brown adipose tissue (BAT) or skeletal muscle activity mediates the relationship between personal level of environmental temperature (Personal‐ET) and wrist skin temperature (WT). Moreover, we examined whether BAT and skeletal muscle have a mediating role between Personal‐ET and WT (as a proxy of peripheral vasoconstriction/vasodilation).
Version : Peer reviewed version Queen ' s University Belfast-Research Portal : Link to publication record in Queen ' s University Belfast Research Portal

The retina, an immune privileged tissue, has specialized immune defense mechanisms against noxious insults that may exist in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), uveoretinitis and glaucoma. The defense system consists of retinal innate immune cells (including microglia, perivascular macrophages, and a small population of dendritic cells) and the complement system. Under normal aging conditions, retinal innate immune cells and the complement system undergo a low-grade activation (parainflammation) which is important for retinal homeostasis. In disease states such as AMD and DR, the parainflammatory response is dysregulated and develops into detrimental chronic inflammation. Complement activation in the retina is an important part of chronic inflammation and may contribute to retinal pathology in these disease states. Here, we review the evidence that supports the role of uncontrolled or dysregulated complement activation in various retinal degenerative and angiogenic conditions. We also discuss current strategies that are used to develop complement-based therapies for retinal diseases such as AMD. The potential benefits of complement inhibition in DR, uveoretinitis and glaucoma are also discussed, as well as the need for further research to better understand the mechanisms of complement-mediated retinal damage in these disease states. & 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 1. The retina – an immune privileged tissue The retina is essential for perception of vision. Light enters the eye through the cornea and iris and passes through the vitreous body to project onto the retina where the light signal is converted into electric impulses (Fig. 1A). The visual cycle occurs at the interface between the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), leading to the depolarization of photoreceptors (the rods and the cones). The electrical impulses converge via bipolar cells and ganglion cells onto the optic nerve, and then into the visual cortex (Fig. 1B). The inner retinal cells obtain nutrients and oxygen from the retinal circulation (Fig. 1C), whereas the outer retinal layers (which consists of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), photoreceptor inner segment (IS), and outer segment (OS)) are avascularized and nutrients and oxygen are supplied by the choroidal circulation (Fig. 1B). To ensure good visual function, this complex and sophisticated structure must be maintained throughout life, and even a minor perturbation may cause devastating visual impairment. The eye has special mechanisms to protect the retina from r B.V. This is an open access article te of Experimental Medicine,
Fertilization and early embryology: Preliminary experience with human oocyte cryopreservation using 1,2-propanediol and sucrose

: Feasibility of cryopreservation of mature human oocytes using 1, 2-propanediol and sucrose was studied initially utilizing 1 and 2 day old unfertilized oocytes. Of these 285 aged oocytes 55% survived thawing, and 41% of 128 oocytes inseminated by single sperm intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI) fertilized normally. Limited embryonic development occurred in 51% of these embryos (n = 27) observed for the next 4 days. Cryosurvival of fresh donated oocytes (n = 81) was poorer (n = 20; 24.7%), while fertilization (n = 13; 65%) and embryo development (100%) was good prior to uterine transfer on day 3. Eight oocyte recipient cycles were undertaken, in which cryopreserved donated oocytes were thawed and inseminated by ICSI. Five of these cycles reached embryo transfer, and three pregnancies were initiated though none went successfully to term. Oocyte cryopreservation will ultimately facilitate oocyte donation procedures; however, cryosurvival of fresh frozen oocytes must be improved to at least the degree observed with aged unfertilized oocytes.
The Impact of Physical Activity Intensity on the Dynamic Progression of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: Prospective Cohort Study Using UK Biobank Data

Background Although many studies have reported on the associations between the amount of physical activity (PA) and the transitions of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), the evidence for PA intensity has not been fully evaluated. Objective This study aimed to explore the impact of PA intensity on the dynamic progression of CMM. Methods The prospective cohort of this study using data from the UK Biobank included 359,773 participants aged 37-73 years who were recruited from 22 centers between 2006 and 2010. The diagnoses of CMM, which included the copresence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), ischemic heart disease, and stroke, were obtained from first occurrence fields provided by the UK Biobank, which included data from primary care, hospital inpatient record, self-reported medical condition, and death registers. The PA intensity was assessed by the proportion of vigorous PA (VPA) to moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). Multistate models were used to evaluate the effect of PA intensity on the dynamic progression of CMM. The first model (model A) included 5 transitions, namely free of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) to first occurrence of CMD (FCMD), free of CMD to death, FCMD to CMM, FCMD to mortality, and CMM to mortality. The other model (model B) used specific CMD, namely T2D, ischemic heart disease, and stroke, instead of FCMD and included 11 transitions in this study. Results The mean age of the included participants (N=359,773) was 55.82 (SD 8.12) years at baseline, and 54.55% (196,271/359,773) of the participants were female. Compared with the participants with no VPA, participants with intensity levels of >0.75 to <1 for VPA to MVPA had a 13% and 27% lower risk of transition from free of CMD to FCMD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.91) and mortality (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.66-0.79) in model A, respectively. The HR for the participants with no moderate PA was 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.92) compared with no VPA. There was a substantially protective effect of higher PA intensity on the transitions from free of CMD to T2D and from T2D to mortality, which reveals the importance of PA intensity for the transitions of T2D. More PA and greater intensity had a synergistic effect on decreasing the risk of the transitions from free of CMD to FCMD and mortality. Male participants, younger adults, adults with a higher BMI, current or previous smokers, and excessive alcohol drinkers could obtain more benefits from higher PA intensity for the lower risk of at least 1 transition from free of CMD, then to CMM, and finally to mortality. Conclusions This study suggests that higher PA intensity is an effective measure for preventing CMM and mortality in the early period of CMM development. Relevant interventions related to higher PA intensity should be conducted.
An examination of the snow and avalanche hazard on the Milford Road, Fiordland, New Zealand

Avalanches pose a significant natural hazard in many parts of the world. Worldwide the hazard is being managed in a number of new and traditional methods. In New Zealand, the Milford Road, Fiordland, has a significant avalanche problem which has been managed by the Transit New Zealand Milford Road Avalanche Programme since 1984. This avalanche programme has generated a database of all avalanche occurrences and associated meteorological parameters for the time period 1985 to 2002. Elsewhere around the world, similar and more extensive data sets have been used to examine a wide variety of aspects in relation to the snow cover, avalanching and avalanche hazard. The availability of the Milford Road database has provided the opportunity use new and traditional approaches to examine many aspects of avalanching including; the trends in and relationships with the snow and avalanche regime, evaluation of the avalanche hazard, statistical forecasting of avalanches and the visualisation of avalanche occurrence information in a GIS. Statistical and graphical examination of the inter-annual variation in the snow and avalanche regime revealed relationships between the snow depth, avalanche occurrences and atmospheric circulation similar to those found elsewhere around the world, but not previously examined in New Zealand. Furthermore, the analysis resulted in strong correlations despite using a database significantly shorter than those used elsewhere. Atmospheric circulation types that bring strong winds and precipitation were found to be highly significantly correlated with avalanche occurrences and snow depth. Avalanche occurrences were more highly correlated with atmospheric circulation than snow depth was, reflecting the strong maritime avalanche climate. Risk evaluation was undertaken using two approaches, the avalanche hazard index (AHI) and the probability of death to individuals (PDI) method. The present avalanche risk was compared to a theoretically uncontrolled avalanche regime, using 2002 traffic volumes
Cinder movement experiments on scoria cones slopes : Rates and direction of transport

As pan ofa field experiment to examine slope processes, four experimental grids with painted and numbered cinders were ploced on the outer crater rims of two scorio cones in the San Francisco volcanic field. Arizona. Each grid contained 50 cinders placed in five rows often each. Rows were placed parallel to local slope contours. The mean diameter for each cinder was 1.7±0.2 cm (n = 200) and the average grid slope was
An analysis of amenity-led rural economic *development in northeast region: A spatial simultaneous equations approach

An Analysis of Amenity-Led Rural Economic Development in Northeast Region: A Spatial Simultaneous Equations approach Mulugeta Saare Kahsai In a matter of just a few decades, the economic landscape of rural America has changed in fundamental ways. Industries once considered the backbone of rural economies have been transformed by globalization and marketing. Others, such as tourism and amenity-based economies or the service sector, have emerged to replace the traditional natural resource and manufacturing-based economies. These changes have invigorated some areas, and forever altered others. Consequently, Interest in an amenity focused development strategy has exploded as policymakers and community leaders realize that most of the jobs lost in recent decades will not return. Instead, these leaders are looking inside their communities for new sources of economic growth. In an effort to analyze the role of natural and recreational amenities in rural economic growth, this study develops a simultaneous-equation system under the assumptions of profit maximization of firms and utility maximization of households as well as the neoclassical assumption of equilibrium growth in a partial lag-adjustment growth-equilibrium framework. Past studies assume that amenities have a direct and independent effect on economic growth, but in reality the availability of high amenity levels alone can only create the opportunity for economic growth. But to be an effective development tool it should be coupled with factors that can exploit its existence, encourage its use, and give it a comparative advantage. This research extends existing studies in this area by incorporating interaction terms that account for the combined impact of amenities with proximity to metropolitan areas and accessibility (Interstate highway density). Furthermore, the study contributes to the amenity and regional growth literature by estimating a simultaneous spatial Durbin model using the two stages least square method. Historical and cultural amenities and water based recreational amenities are found to play a positive role in shaping the growth of population in the northeast region of the US. The role of natural amenities, land and winter based amenities is found to be negative or insignificant. One of the important findings of the study is the positive role of surrounding counties historical and cultural amenities in the growth of population and employment densities. Overall there is no evidence of a consistent and strong relationship and the results can be termed as mixed and inconclusive.
TRAF6 promotes chemoresistance to paclitaxel of triple negative breast cancer via regulating PKM2‐mediated glycolysis

Ample evidence reveals that glycolysis is crucial to tumor progression; however, the underlying mechanism of its drug resistance is still worth being further explored. TRAF6, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is well recognized to overexpress in various types of cancer, which predicts a poor prognosis. In our study, we discovered that TRAF6 was expressed more significantly in the case of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) than in other of breast cancers, promoting chemoresistance to paclitaxel; that inhibited TRAF6 expression in the chemoresistant TNBC (TNBC‐CR) cells enhanced the sensitivity by decreasing glucose uptake and lactate production; that TRAF6 regulated glycolysis and facilitated chemoresistance via binding directly to PKM2; and that overexpressing PKM2 in the TNBC‐CR cells with TRAF6 knocked down regained significantly TRAF6‐dependent drug resistance and glycolysis. Additionally, we verified that TRAF6 could facilitate PKM2‐mediated glycolysis and chemoresistance in animal models and clinical tumor tissues. Thus, we identified the novel function of TRAF6 to promote glycolysis and drug resistance in TNBC with the regulation of PKM2, which could provide a potential molecular target for TNBC treatment.
Potentials of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for preoperative local staging of colon cancer

Background Preoperative identification of locally advanced colon cancer is of importance in order to properly plan treatment. Purpose To study high resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus computed tomography (CT) for preoperative staging of colon cancer with surgery and histopathology as reference standard. Material and Methods Twenty-eight patients with a total of 29 tumors were included. Patients were examined on a 1.5 T MR unit using a phased array body coil. T2 turbo spin-echo high resolution sequences were obtained in a coronal, transverse, and perpendicular plane to the long axis of the colon at the site of the tumor. Contrast-enhanced CT was performed using a protocol for metastasis staging. The examinations were independently evaluated by two gastrointestinal radiologists using criteria adapted to imaging for prediction of T-stage, N-stage, and extramural venous invasion. Based on the T-stage, tumors were divided in to locally advanced (T3cd-T4) and not locally advanced (T1-T3ab). Surgical and histopathological findings served as reference standard. Results Using MRI, T-stage, N-stage, and extramural venous invasion were correctly predicted for each observer in 90% and 93%, 72% and 69%, and 82% and 78% of cases, respectively. With CT the corresponding results were 79% and 76%, 72% and 72%, 78% and 67%. For MRI inter-observer agreements (Kappa statistics) were 0.79, 0.10, and 0.76. For CT the corresponding results were 0.64, 0.66, and 0.22. Conclusion Patients with locally advanced colon cancer, defined as tumor stage T3cd-T4, can be identified by both high resolution MRI and CT, even when CT is performed with a metastasis staging protocol. MRI may have an advantage, due to its high soft tissue discrimination, to identify certain prognostic factors such as T-stage and extramural venous invasion.
Destination image from an Arab perspective : the influence of culture on perceptions of and motivations for visiting the Gold Coast, Australia

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF TABLES xi 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Arab Tourists to Australia 3 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 4 1.4 Significance of the Research 5 1.5 Outline of the Thesis 7 1.6 Chapter Summary 10 2 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 11 2.
Petroleum and basin evolution : insights from petroleum geochemistry, geology and basin modeling

This book is a mosaic of important building blocks bringing together the evolution of petroleum and the dynamic geological framework of sedimentary basins. Both basin modeling and organic geochemistry serve important roles in this context. Geochemical data and interpretation results, such as on source rock maturity and petroleum generation and expulsion, can now be extended in their application from only single boreholes to entire regions by means of basin modeling. Earth scientists in general will be attracted by the philosophy and approach presented in this book. It paves the way for combining the insight and views into the subsurface from modern seismic's advanced interpretation and visualization, with the understanding and results from an interactive basin modeling capability.
An Analytical Approach to the Theory of Social Stratification

The present paper is an attempt to formulate and illustrate a generalized approach to the theory of social stratification. This field has, in spite of its central importance, been in a notably undeveloped stae. The emergence of a highly generalized conceptual scheme in social theory which has elsewhere been traced by the author suggests the possibility of a more thorough theoretical approach than has hitherto been possible. Social stratification, here regarded as the differential ranking of the human individuals who compose a given social system and their treatment as relatively superior or inferior, may be analyzed in terms of the following classification scheme: (I) membership in a kinship unit, (2) personal qualities, (3) achievements, (4) possessions, (5) authority, and (6) power.
Precambrian Plate Tectonics in Northern Hudson Bay: Evidence From P and S Wave Seismic Tomography and Analysis of Source Side Effects in Relative Arrival‐Time Data Sets

The geology of northern Hudson Bay, Canada, documents more than 2 billion years of history including the assembly of Precambrian and Archean terranes during several Paleoproterozoic orogenies, culminating in the Trans‐Hudson Orogen (THO) ∼1.8 Ga. The THO has been hypothesized to be similar in scale and nature to the ongoing Himalaya‐Karakoram‐Tibetan orogen, but the nature of lithospheric terrane boundaries, including potential plate‐scale underthrusting, is poorly understood. To address this problem, we present new P and S wave tomographic models of the mantle seismic structure using data from recent seismograph networks stretching from northern Ontario to Nunavut (60–100∘W and 50–80∘N). The large size of our network requires careful mitigation of the influence of source side structure that contaminates our relative arrival time residuals. Our tomographic models reveal a complicated internal structure in the Archean Churchill plate. However, no seismic wave speed distinction is observed across the Snowbird Tectonic Zone, which bisects the Churchill. The mantle lithosphere in the central region of Hudson Bay is distinct from the THO, indicating potential boundaries of microcontinents and lithospheric blocks between the principal colliders. Slow wave speeds underlie southern Baffin Island, the leading edge of the generally high wave speed Churchill plate. This is interpreted to be Paleoproterozoic material underthrust beneath Baffin Island in a modern‐style subduction zone setting.