Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity improvement of a miniaturized label-free electrochemical impedance biosensor by electrode edge effect

Abstract. Point-of-care (PoC) biosensors continue to gain popularity because of the desire to improve cost performance in today’s health care industry. As cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the top three leading causes of death in Asia, a tool that can help to detect CVDs is highly sought after. We present a high-sensitivity PoC biosensor that can be used to detect CVD biomarkers. To meet the requirements of a PoC biosensor, we adopted electrochemical methods as the basis of the detection. A more stable three-electrode configuration was miniaturized and put onto a biochip. To improve the detection sensitivity associated with the reduced size in the biochip, computer simulation was used to investigate several potential effective possibilities. We found that the electrolyte current density on the edge near the working electrode (WE) and counter electrode (CE) was higher. This was verified using an atomic force microscope to measure the surface potential. We then experimented with the configuration by lengthening the edge of the WE and CE without changing the area of the WE and CE and maintained the gap between the two electrodes. We found improved measurement efficiency with our newly developed biochip.
Intensive Care and Organ Support Related Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVES: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to generate estimates of mortality in patients with COVID-19 that required hospitalization, ICU admission, and organ support. DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane databases was conducted up to December 31, 2021. STUDY SELECTION: Previously peer-reviewed observational studies that reported ICU, mechanical ventilation (MV), renal replacement therapy (RRT) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-related mortality among greater than or equal to 100 individual patients. DATA EXTRACTION: Random-effects meta-analysis was used to generate pooled estimates of case fatality rates (CFRs) for in-hospital, ICU, MV, RRT, and ECMO-related mortality. ICU-related mortality was additionally analyzed by the study country of origin. Sensitivity analyses of CFR were assessed based on completeness of follow-up data, by year, and when only studies judged to be of high quality were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: One hundred fifty-seven studies evaluating 948,309 patients were included. The CFR for in-hospital mortality, ICU mortality, MV, RRT, and ECMO were 25.9% (95% CI: 24.0–27.8%), 37.3% (95% CI: 34.6–40.1%), 51.6% (95% CI: 46.1–57.0%), 66.1% (95% CI: 59.7–72.2%), and 58.0% (95% CI: 46.9–68.9%), respectively. MV (52.7%, 95% CI: 47.5–58.0% vs 31.3%, 95% CI: 16.1–48.9%; p = 0.023) and RRT-related mortality (66.7%, 95% CI: 60.1–73.0% vs 50.3%, 95% CI: 42.4–58.2%; p = 0.003) decreased from 2020 to 2021. CONCLUSIONS: We present updated estimates of CFR for patients hospitalized and requiring intensive care for the management of COVID-19. Although mortality remain high and varies considerably worldwide, we found the CFR in patients supported with MV significantly improved since 2020.
Tear of Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon with Superior Pole Avulsion of Patella

Case: A 58-year-old man presented with right knee pain and inability to extend the knee after falling. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated complete rupture of the quadriceps tendon, avulsion of the superior pole patella, and a high-grade partial tear of the proximal patellar tendon. Surgical dissection revealed that both tendon tears were full-thickness disruptions. Repair was performed without complications. The patient achieved independent ambulation and passive range of motion from 0° to 118° at 3.8 years postoperatively. Conclusions: We present a case of a simultaneous ipsilateral tear of the quadriceps and patellar tendons with superior pole patella avulsion that resulted in a clinically successful repair.
Origin of the E 2 ↔ T 4 2 Fano resonance in Cr 3 + -doped LiCaAlF 6 : Pressure-induced excited-state crossover

This work investigates pressure-induced phase transition (PT) and excited-state-crossover effects on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of ${\text{LiCaAlF}}_{6}:{\text{Cr}}^{3+}$. We report a PL study by means of time-resolved emission, excitation, and lifetime measurements as a function of pressure. We focus on ${\text{Cr}}^{3+}$ PL variations around pressure-induced trigonal-to-monoclinic first-order PT in ${\text{LiCaAlF}}_{6}$ at 7 GPa. Moreover, the structural requirements for changing ${\text{Cr}}^{3+}$ PL from a broadband emission at 1.59 eV (781 nm) at ambient conditions, to a rubylike narrow-line emission at 1.87 eV (663 nm) are analyzed in the 0--35 GPa range. We show how pressure progressively transforms ${\text{Cr}}^{3+}$ broadband PL into a rubylike emission that becomes the dominant feature of the room-temperature emission spectrum at 28 GPa. This behavior, together with the pressure dependences of the $^{2}E$ and ${^{4}T}_{2}$ excited-states energy and PL lifetime, are explained on the basis of the electron-phonon coupling associated with the ${^{4}T}_{2}$ and $^{2}E$ states. We demonstrate that both excited states interact through spin-orbit coupling yielding Fano resonance rather than antiresonance as is frequently assumed.
The motion of wave packets through their expectation values and uncertainties

The Ehrenfest equations govern the time evolution of quantal expectation values, and they have a widely known generalization that governs the time evolution of quantal uncertainties. Unfortunately, these results are usually applied only to free particles. Here, these methods are reviewed and applied to the simple harmonic oscillator, revealing a simple and beautiful picture of wave‐packet motion with an obvious classical limit.
Controller synthesis for hybrid systems with a lower bound on event separation

A systematic procedure for synthesizing all full-state feedback controllers for a hybrid system subject to a safety (state-invariance) specification has been proposed in the literature. The interaction between the controller and a non- deterministic hybrid plant is viewed as a two-person game. The controller wins if it keeps the state of the closed-loop system within a specified set of good states; its adversarial environment tries to force the system outside the good set. The synthesis procedure iteratively augments the set of states from which the environment wins via either one additional discrete step, or one additional continuous flow. The key difficulty in carrying out the synthesis procedure lies in the computations for continuous flows. One must essentially solve a differential game in which the environment is trying to drive the system into its target set at the same time as avoiding the target set of the controller. In this paper, we study hybrid systems with lower bounds on the separation between occurrence times of consecutive discrete moves. These systems arise when modelling minimal delay times between events, either in the controller, or in the environment. For such systems, we provide techniques for solving the differential games in reduced state spaces. The main idea is to discretize information about whether discrete moves are enabled or not. We demonstrate our technique by successfully synthesizing the maximal set of controllers for a hybrid model of a heating system with discrete controls and disturbances and continuous controls and disturbances.
Monodromy Problem and the Boundary Condition for Some Painlevé Equations

Introduction The Painleve transcendents and their generalizations have aroused much interest among mathematicians and mathematical physicists in recent years ([l]-[8]). Yet their properties as special functions still remain almost unexplored. For example, the problem of determining their behavior at the fixed critical singularities is left open, except for a few special cases ([3] [4]). In the present paper we treat this problem for the following three kinds of Painleve equations at the fixed critical point i = 0 :
CN, CH, and CH + toward zeta Ophiuchi

Observations with a resolution of 600,000 of interstellar absorption from the CN 3874.6 A, CH 4300.3 A, and CH(+) 4232.5 A lines reveal several new features of the clouds along the line of sight toward Zeta Oph. The CN line consists of two overlapping components which are similar to those seen in the CO pure rotational lines. The CH(+) line is well described by a single Gaussian line profile with FWHM of 3.5 km/s. The CH profile is a composite of a CN-like profile and a CH(+)-like profile, indicating for the first time that CH exists in two regions of very different character. 35 refs.
The ClC-2 Chloride Channel Activator, Lubiprostone, Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Biopsies from Crohn’s Disease but Not Ulcerative Colitis Patients

The prostone analog, lubiprostone, is approved to manage constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Lubiprostone also protects intestinal mucosal barrier function in animal models of colitis. The aim of this study was to determine if lubiprostone improves barrier properties in isolated colonic biopsies from Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Sigmoid colon biopsies from healthy subjects, CD and UC patients in remission, and CD patients with active disease were mounted in Ussing chambers. Tissues were treated with lubiprostone or vehicle to determine the effects on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), FITC-dextran 4kD (FD4) permeability, and electrogenic ion transport responses to forskolin and carbachol. Localization of the tight junction protein, occludin, was determined by immunofluorescence. Lubiprostone significantly increased ion transport across control, CD and UC remission biopsies but not active CD. Lubiprostone selectively improved TER in both CD remission and active disease biopsies but not in control or UC biopsies. The improved TER was associated with increased membrane localization of occludin. Lubiprostone selectively improved barrier properties of biopsies from CD patients vs. UC and independent of an ion transport response. These data indicate that lubiprostone has potential efficacy in improving mucosal integrity in Crohn’s disease.
Disaster Preparedness and Awareness among University Students: A Structural Equation Analysis

Students have long been among those most emotionally and physically affected by natural or manmade disasters, yet universities and colleges continue to lack effective disaster response and mitigation practices. This research identifies how students’ socio-demographics and disaster preparedness indicators (DPIs) impact their awareness of the dangers of disasters and their ability to survive and cope with the changes that disasters bring. A comprehensive survey was designed and distributed to university students to gain an in-depth understanding of their perceptions of disaster risk reduction factors. A total of 111 responses were received, and the impact of the socio-demographics and DPIs on the students’ disaster awareness and preparedness were evaluated by employing structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the university curriculum impacts the disaster awareness of students while the establishment of university emergency procedures impacts the disaster preparedness of students. The purpose of this research is to enable university stakeholders to identify the DPIs that are important to the students so that they can upgrade their programs and design effective DRR courses. It will also aid policymakers in redesigning effective emergency preparedness policies and procedures.
Optimal insurance and generalized deductibles

Abstract This report is intended as a contribution to the theory of demand for insurance. In many circumstances, it appears that, given a range of alternative possible insurance policies, the insured would prefer a policy offering complete coverage beyond a deductible. In an earlier paper (Arrow [1]; reprinted in Arrow [3], pp. 212-216), this argument was developed for the case where the risk being insured against was, effectively, loss of income. Recently, Ehrlich and Becker [4] have extended these results considerably, as well as analyzing other responses of the insured to the price of insurance, responses beyond the scope of this study. For some other related work, see Pashigian, Schkade, and Menefee [8], Smith [12], and Gould [6]. However, income is not the only uncertainty, especially in the context of health insurance, and only under special and unrealistic circumstances can it be held that the other uncertainties have income equivalents. Put loosely, the marginal utility of income will in general d.
Fourier analysis of the aerodynamic behavior of cup anemometers

The calibration results (the transfer function) of an anemometer equipped with several cup rotors were analyzed and correlated with the aerodynamic forces measured on the isolated cups in a wind tunnel. The correlation was based on a Fourier analysis of the normal-to-the-cup aerodynamic force. Three different cup shapes were studied: typical conical cups, elliptical cups and porous cups (conical-truncated shape). Results indicated a good correlation between the anemometer factor, K, and the ratio between the first two coefficients in the Fourier series decomposition of the normal-to-the-cup aerodynamic force.
Genome-Wide Identiﬁcation and Expression Analysis of ESPs and NSPs Involved in Glucosinolate Hydrolysis and Insect Attack Defense in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis )

: Glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites that are part of the plant’s defense sys-tem against pathogens and pests and are activated via enzymatic degradation by thioglucoside glucohydrolases (myrosinases). Epithiospeciﬁer proteins (ESPs) and nitrile-speciﬁer proteins (NSPs) divert the myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of a given glucosinolate to form epithionitrile and nitrile rather than isothiocyanate. However, the associated gene families have not been explored in Chinese cabbage. We identiﬁed three ESP and ﬁfteen NSP genes randomly distributed on six chromosomes in Chinese cabbage. Based on a phylogenetic tree, the ESP and NSP gene family members were divided into four clades and had similar gene structure and motif composition of Brassica rapa epithiospeciﬁer proteins ( BrESPs ) and B. rapa nitrile-speciﬁer proteins ( BrNSPs ) in the same clade. We identiﬁed seven tandem duplicated events and eight pairs of segmentally duplicated genes. Synteny analysis showed that Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis thaliana are closely related. We detected the proportion of various glucosinolate hydrolysates in Chinese cabbage and veriﬁed the function of BrESPs and BrNSPs in glucosinolate hydrolysis. Furthermore, we used quantitative RT-PCR to analyze the expression of BrESPs and BrNSPs and demonstrated that these genes responded to insect attack. Our ﬁndings provide novel insights into BrESPs and BrNSPs that can help further promote the regulation of glucosinolate hydrolysates by ESP and NSP to resist insect attack in Chinese cabbage.
Positron and electron scattering from tetrahydrofuran

We report results of total cross-section measurements for positron and electron scattering from the chemically and biologically important molecule tetrahydrofuran. We believe this is the first time such data have been reported in the literature. The positron measurements were conducted over the energy range of 0.1–20.0 eV, with the cross section being found to be strongly peaked at the lower energies. The electron energy range was 2–21 eV, with this cross section's main feature being a broad shape resonance with a peak at ∼7.5 eV.
Transport of melt, pressure and heat through a magma mush

Prior to intrusion, magma migrates through the crustal plumbing system that likely contains layers or columns of crystal mush. To better understand the behavior of the crustal magmatic system during magmatic unrest, it is important to examine the process of melt migration within the crystal mush and the associated evolution in pressure and temperature. In this study I use an analytical model to explore the characteristics of transport of melt, pressure, and heat through an idealized crystal mush layer/column under uniaxial strain condition. The model invokes a thermo-poro-viscoelastic rheology and uses a frequency-domain method to explore two scenarios of magmatic unrest: harmonic perturbation of fluid pressure, and step-rise in fluid pressure at a source location. Several factors influence the transport of melt, pressure and heat, including the thermal-mechanical coupling arising from the mush rheology, the advection of heat by melt flows, the competition between thermal diffusivity and poroelastic diffusivity, and the viscoelastic relaxation of the crystalline framework. One key finding is the development of transport asymmetry: when a background temperature gradient exists, the transport properties become different for propagation along the background thermal gradient and propagation against the background thermal gradient. Analysis on an endmember case shows that the transport asymmetry is associated to the competition between the diffusion and advection of pore pressure, which determines a Peclet number that depends on the temperature difference across the mush and the thermal expansion coefficients. Because the temperature in magma mushes in the crust likely increase with depth, the observed propagation asymmetry suggests some intrinsic difference between a bottom-up vs. a top-down triggering mechanism for magmatic unrest. The results from this study highlight the importance for further exploration for a more complete description of the transport properties in the crystal mush.
Enhanced efficiency of UV second harmonic and sum frequency generation from copper vapor lasers

The authors have generated over 460-mW output power at 255.1 and 271.2 nm with a wall-plug efficiency of 0.016% and 300 mW at 289.1 nm with a wall-plug efficiency of 0.0008%. Using an off-axis unstable resonator matched to the plasma-tube geometry and gain characteristics along with focusing lenses with reduced achromatic and spherical aberration has allowed the highest efficiencies for nonlinear UV generation from a CVL (copper vapor laser) reported to date. Current UV output powers are limited by crystal damage which may be reduced by modifying the delivery optics. >
A Modified Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Scheme to Model the Stationary and Moving Boundary Problems for Newtonian Fluid Flows

A robust modified weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH) method based on a predictive corrective scheme is introduced to model the fluid flows engaged with stationary and moving boundary. In this paper, this model is explained and practically verified in three distinct laminar incompressible flow cases; the first case involves the lid driven cavity flow for two Reynolds numbers 400 and 1000. The second case is a flow generated by a moving block in the initially stationary fluid. The third case is flow around the stationary and transversely oscillating circular cylinder confined in a channel. These results in comparison with the standard benchmarks also confirm the good accuracy of the present solution algorithm.
Coherent dynamics and parametric instabilities of microcavity polaritons in double-well systems

We investigate the physics of coherent polaritons in a double-well configuration under a resonant pumping. For a continuous-wave pump, bistability and self-pulsing regimes are identified as a function of the pump energy and intensity. The response to an additional probe pulse is characterized in the different cases and related to the Bogoliubov modes around the stationary state. Under a pulsed pump, a crossover from Josephson-like oscillations to self-trapping is predicted for increasing pump intensity. The accurateness of the effective two-mode model is assessed by comparing its predictions to a full solution of the nonequilibrium Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
Techniques and Challenges of Image Segmentation: A Review

Image segmentation, which has become a research hotspot in the field of image processing and computer vision, refers to the process of dividing an image into meaningful and non-overlapping regions, and it is an essential step in natural scene understanding. Despite decades of effort and many achievements, there are still challenges in feature extraction and model design. In this paper, we review the advancement in image segmentation methods systematically. According to the segmentation principles and image data characteristics, three important stages of image segmentation are mainly reviewed, which are classic segmentation, collaborative segmentation, and semantic segmentation based on deep learning. We elaborate on the main algorithms and key techniques in each stage, compare, and summarize the advantages and defects of different segmentation models, and discuss their applicability. Finally, we analyze the main challenges and development trends of image segmentation techniques.
Targeting Measurable Residual Disease (MRD) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Moving beyond Prognostication

Measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has an established role in disease prognostication, particularly in guiding decisions for hematopoietic cell transplantation in first remission. Serial MRD assessment is now routinely recommended in the evaluation of treatment response and monitoring in AML by the European LeukemiaNet. The key question remains, however, if MRD in AML is clinically actionable or “does MRD merely portend fate”? With a series of new drug approvals since 2017, we now have more targeted and less toxic therapeutic options for the potential application of MRD-directed therapy. Recent approval of NPM1 MRD as a regulatory endpoint is also foreseen to drastically transform the clinical trial landscape such as biomarker-driven adaptive design. In this article, we will review (1) the emerging molecular MRD markers (such as non-DTA mutations, IDH1/2, and FLT3-ITD); (2) the impact of novel therapeutics on MRD endpoints; and (3) how MRD might be used as a predictive biomarker to guide therapy in AML beyond its prognostic role, which is the focus of two large collaborative trials: AMLM26 INTERCEPT (ACTRN12621000439842) and MyeloMATCH (NCT05564390).
A comparison of machine learning models and Cox proportional hazards models regarding their ability to predict the risk of gastrointestinal cancer based on metabolic syndrome and its components

Background Little is known about applying machine learning (ML) techniques to identify the important variables contributing to the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer in epidemiological studies. We aimed to compare different ML models to a Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model regarding their ability to predict the risk of GI cancer based on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Methods A total of 41,837 participants were included in a prospective cohort study. Incident cancer cases were identified by following up with participants until December 2019. We used CPH, random survival forest (RSF), survival trees (ST), gradient boosting (GB), survival support vector machine (SSVM), and extra survival trees (EST) models to explore the impact of MetS on GI cancer prediction. We used the C-index and integrated Brier score (IBS) to compare the models. Results In all, 540 incident GI cancer cases were identified. The GB and SSVM models exhibited comparable performance to the CPH model concerning the C-index (0.725). We also recorded a similar IBS for all models (0.017). Fasting glucose and waist circumference were considered important predictors. Conclusions Our study found comparably good performance concerning the C-index for the ML models and CPH model. This finding suggests that ML models may be considered another method for survival analysis when the CPH model’s conditions are not satisfied.