Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radio-astronomical Image Reconstruction with Conditional Denoising Diffusion Model

Reconstructing sky models from dirty radio images for accurate source extraction, including source localization and flux estimation, is a complex yet critical task, and has important applications in galaxy evolution studies at high redshift, particularly in deep extragalactic fields using for example the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA). With the development of large-scale projects, such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), we anticipate the need for more advanced source-extraction methods. Existing techniques, such as CLEAN and PyBDSF, currently struggle to effectively extract faint sources, highlighting the necessity for the development of more precise and robust methods. The success of the source-extraction process critically depends on the quality and accuracy of image reconstruction. As the imaging process represents an ``information-lossy'' operator, the reconstruction is characterized by uncertainty. The current study proposes the application of stochastic neural networks for the direct reconstruction of sky models from ``dirty'' images. This approach allows us to localize radio sources and to determine their fluxes with corresponding uncertainties, providing a potential advancement in the field of radio-source characterization. We used a dataset of 10164 images simulated with the CASA tool based on the ALMA Cycle 5.3 antenna configuration. We applied conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) to directly reconstruct sky models from these dirty images, and then processed these models using Photutils to extract the coordinates and fluxes of the sources. To test the robustness of the proposed model, which was trained on a fixed water vapor value, we examined its performance under varying levels of water vapor. We demonstrate that the proposed approach is state of the art in terms of source localisation, achieving over 90 completeness at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of as low as 2. Additionally, the described method offers an inherent measure of prediction reliability thanks to the stochastic nature of the chosen model. In terms of flux estimation, the proposed model surpasses PyBDSF in terms of performance, accurately extracting fluxes for 96 of the sources in the test set, a notable improvement over the 57 achieved by CLEAN+ PyBDSF. Conditional DDPMs are a powerful tool for image-to-image translation, yielding accurate and robust characterization of radio sources, and outperforming existing methodologies. While this study underscores the significant potential of DDPMs for applications in radio astronomy, we also acknowledge certain limitations that accompany their use, and suggest directions for further refinement and research.
On the Corotational Beam Element Formulation in Large Deformation Analysis

This paper sheds more light on the co-rotational element formulation for beams with uniform cross-section. The co-rotational elements are commonly used in problems in which a structure undergoes a large deformation. In this study, the foregoing element obeys the Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions. Unlike the formulations presented in the literature, in this paper, a number of local nodal coordinates are employed which makes the kinematic description of the deformed beam much easier without the need of expressing any complicated relations. In this regard, via a clamped planar beam as a case study, the methodology is implemented step-by-step, and the results are compared with the ones calculated analytically and by means of elliptic integrals. Then, the methodology is briefly formulized for 3D cases as well. At the end, as a second case study, the large deformation analysis is conducted on a simply supported planar beam as well.
Mechanisms for cardiac calcium pump activation by its substrate and a synthetic allosteric modulator using fluorescence lifetime imaging

Abstract The discovery of allosteric modulators is an emerging paradigm in drug discovery, and signal transduction is a subtle and dynamic process that is challenging to characterize. We developed a time-correlated single photon-counting imaging approach to investigate the structural mechanisms for small-molecule activation of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, a pharmacologically important pump that transports Ca2+ at the expense of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. We first tested whether the dissociation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase from its regulatory protein phospholamban is required for small-molecule activation. We found that CDN1163, a validated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activator, does not have significant effects on the stability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase–phospholamban complex. Time-correlated single photon-counting imaging experiments using the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog β,γ-Methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate (AMP-PCP) showed ATP is an allosteric modulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, increasing the fraction of catalytically competent structures at physiologically relevant Ca2+ concentrations. Unlike ATP, CDN1163 alone has no significant effects on the Ca2+-dependent shifts in the structural populations of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, and it does not increase the pump's affinity for Ca2+ ions. However, we found that CDN1163 enhances the ATP-mediated modulatory effects to increase the population of catalytically competent sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase structures. Importantly, this structural shift occurs within the physiological window of Ca2+ concentrations at which sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase operates. We demonstrated that ATP is both a substrate and modulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and showed that CDN1163 and ATP act synergistically to populate sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase structures that are primed for phosphorylation. This study provides novel insights into the structural mechanisms for sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activation by its substrate and a synthetic allosteric modulator.
Purpose Orientation and Its Protective Effect on Self-Esteem Among Chinese Depressive Patients: A Comparative Study

Purpose Although previous studies have confirmed that purpose in life may negatively predict depressive symptoms, focusing on the intensity of purpose without focusing on content may ignore significant individual differences. This study explores differences in purpose orientations between depressive patients and healthy population to examine the relationship between the purpose content and self-esteem, one of the symptoms of depression. In addition, the moderating role of purpose orientations in the relationship between depression and self-esteem was analyzed to verify the protective effect of purpose orientation on self-esteem. Patients and Methods The study utilized the questionnaire approach. The Purpose Orientation Scale (Self and Forced Rating) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to the participants. The study recruited 73 depressive patients using convenience sampling. Moreover, using random sampling, 146 participants matched based on depressive patients’ demographics were selected as a healthy population in a 1:2 ratio. Results The results showed that: 1) depressive patients valued all four types of purpose orientations to a lesser extent compared to healthy population, both depressive patients and healthy population valued family well-being and personal growth to a greater extent than personal well-being and social promotion. 2) Depressive patients reported lower self-esteem than healthy people. 3) All four types of Purpose orientations positively correlated with self-esteem in depressive patients, while only personal well-being positively correlated with self-esteem in healthy population. Family well-being and social promotion moderated the predictive effect of depression on self-esteem. Conclusion The above results imply that prosocial purpose orientations may attenuate the harmful effects of depression on self-esteem. Additionally, intervention focusing on enhancing depressive patients’ purpose in life (especially prosocial purpose) could be helpful.
Hospital incidence, mortality, and gender disparities in patients treated for type A aortic dissections in Switzerland – a secondary data analysis of Swiss DRG statistics

AIMS OF THE STUDY: The incidence of type A aortic dissection (TAAD) has increased in several countries in recent decades, but epidemiological data for Switzerland are lacking. Furthermore, there are conflicting data regarding a gender-disparity with higher type A aortic dissection mortality in women. This study analysed sex-specific hospital incidence and in-hospital mortality rates of TAAD in Switzerland. METHODS: This study is a secondary data analysis of case-related hospital discharge data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office for 2009–2018. Cases that were hospitalised and surgically treated for type A aortic dissection were included in this analysis. Standardised incidence rates were calculated using the European standard population in 2013. All-cause in-hospital mortality rates were calculated as raw values and standardised for age, sex, and the van Walraven comorbidity score. RESULTS: A total of 2117 participants were included in this study, of whom 67.1% were male. The age-standardised cumulative hospital incidence for type A aortic dissection treatment was 3.5 per 100,000 (95% CI: 3.3–3.7) for men and 1.7 (1.6–1.8) per 100,000 for women (p <0.001). The incidence rates increased in both sexes during the observed decade. The adjusted mortality rates for treatment of TAAD decreased from 27.6% (26.7–28.5%) in 2009 to 18.5% (17.9–19.1%) in 2018 in women, and they decreased from 19.0% (18.4–19.6%) to 12.3% (11.9–12.7%) in the same period in men. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex was significantly associated with higher mortality, with an odds ratio of 1.39 (1.07–1.79) (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Hospital incidence rates for the treatment of type A aortic dissection increased in both sexes over the observed decade. The mortality rate was significantly higher in women than it was in men, but it decreased in both sexes. TAAD remains a cardiovascular emergency with a high mortality rate even after emergency surgery.
miR-133b Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis

Background: Evaluation of biological changes at the molecular level has important clinical implications for improving the survival rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, we plan to analyze and elucidate the expression of microRNA-133b (miR-133b), M2 pyruvate kinase (PKM2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in ESCC and their associated clinicopathological significance. Methods: The 72 patients with ESCC were selected as the experimental study group. Normal adjacent tissues (NAT) were matched as the control group. In this study, in situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of miR-133b in ESCC, and tissue expressions of PKM2 and STAT3 were detected by immunohistochemistry, and literature review was conducted. Results: Studies had shown that the positive expression of miR-133b in NAT was significantly higher than that in ESCC (χ2 = 9.007, P = .003). PKM2 and STAT3 in ESCC had a significantly higher positive expression levels than those of NAT (χ2 = 56.523, P = .000; χ2 = 72.939, P = .000). From correlation analysis, there was a negative correlation between miR-133b and PKM2(r = −0.515, P < .001), a negative correlation between miR-133b and STAT3(r = −0.314, P = .007), and a positive correlation between PKM2 and STAT3(r = 0.771, P < .001). Conclusions: In ESCC, our study demonstrated that downregulation of miR-133b and upregulation of PKM2 and STAT3. We predict that miR-133b may inhibit the STAT3 pathway by downregulating PKM2.
Decision-making style explains the withdrawal behavior of shy individuals: evidence from Chinese college students

Few studies have examined the mechanisms linking motivated behavior and reward–punishment stimuli in shy individuals. This study was designed to probe these mechanisms by examining shy and non-shy college student responses to both monetary rewards and penalties in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Specifically, out of the 280 undergraduates surveyed in East China, 45 participants (18 boys) identified as shy and 45 (19 boys) identified as non-shy based on their shyness questionnaire scores were selected to participate in the IGT. Results revealed that shy participants selected favorable low-risk seeking decks (deck C) more frequently and adverse high-risk seeking decks (deck B) less frequently and were more inclined to change deck selection after incurring a net loss. Furthermore, the net score of shy students was higher than that of nonshy students. Results demonstrated that shy people were the winners of IGT games, indicating that they are more likely to exhibit risk-averse behaviors when making decisions. The results are discussed from the perspective of the decision-making style and practical implications of shy individuals.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on frontline doctors in Tshwane public hospitals

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic placed immense pressure on frontline doctors. Burnout is a psychological syndrome that develops in response to chronic work stress. It consists of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). Burnout is associated with personal dysfunction and compromises the work profession and patient safety. International studies suggest burnout is exacerbated during a pandemic. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional observational study. Respondents included frontline doctors working in emergency medicine, family medicine and internal medicine during COVID-19 in Tshwane public hospitals. The survey included two validated questionnaires, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21. The aim was to determine the prevalence and severity of burnout, psychological and somatic symptoms in frontline doctors. Results Of the 163 participants, we found clinical burnout to be present in 58.9% (n = 96) and extreme burnout in 19.6% (n = 32). Moderate to extremely severe levels of stress, anxiety and depression were present in 55.1% (n = 90), 43.6% (n = 71) and 22.1% (n = 36) of participants, respectively. We found significant correlations between burnout and psychological symptoms. Increased levels of burnout, anxiety, depression and stress were found to be meaningfully associated with adverse somatic symptoms. Conclusion Our study demonstrated an insufferably high prevalence of burnout and psychosomatic symptoms in frontline doctors during COVID-19. In the event of future pandemics, more measures should be taken to support frontline doctors. Contribution Pandemic-associated burnout and its psychophysical consequences have not been studied in frontline doctors in South Africa.
Geochemistry of Phanerozoic carbonaceous black shales, sandstones and cherts in Malaysia : insights into gold source rock potential

ii DECLARATION.ix CONTENTS.x LIST OF FIGURES.xvii LIST OF TABLES.xxix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.xxxiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Foreword.1 1.2. Research aims.1 1.3. Previous work and research significance.3 1.4. Texture and chemistry of sedimentary and metamorphic-hydrothermal pyrite.5 1.4. 1. Pyrite texture and formation.6 1.4. 2. Chemical characteristics of pyrite.13 1.5. Methods of study.17 1.6. Thesis structure.17 CHAPTER 2: REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SETTING, GEOLOGY OF THE FORMATION SAMPLES AND U-Pb ZIRCON DATING 2.
Differential contribution of TrkB and p75NTR to BDNF-dependent self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of adult neural stem cells

Alterations in adult neurogenesis are a common hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms that control this process is an indispensable requirement for designing therapeutic interventions addressing neurodegeneration. Neurotrophins have been implicated in multiple functions including proliferation, survival, and differentiation of the neural stem cells (NSCs), thereby being good candidates for therapeutic intervention. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the neurotrophin family and has been proven to promote neurogenesis in the subgranular zone. However, the effects of BDNF in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) still remain unclear due to contradictory results. Using in vitro cultures of adult NSCs isolated from the mouse SVZ, we show that low concentrations of BDNF are able to promote self-renewal and proliferation in these cells by activating the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor. However, higher concentrations of BDNF that can bind the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) potentiate TrkB-dependent self-renewal and proliferation and promote differentiation of the adult NSCs, suggesting different molecular mechanisms in BDNF-promoting proliferation and differentiation. The use of an antagonist for p75NTR reduces the increment in NSC proliferation and commitment to the oligodendrocyte lineage. Our data support a fundamental role for both receptors, TrkB and p75NTR, in the regulation of NSC behavior.
PENGARUH METODE PEMBERIAN PAKAN TERHADAP KUALITAS SPESIFIK DAGING

Metode pemberian pakan (pemeliharaan) dapat mempengaruhi kualitas spesifik daging. Kualitas spesifik yang dimiliki daging adalah sifat fisik dan sensori Pemeliharaan sapi potong sistem indoor dengan pakan konsentrat umumnya dihasilkan lemak marbling lebih tinggi, warna daging lebih cerah dan daging lebih empuk dibandingkan sistem outdoor ( pasture ) . Pemeliharaan ternak sistem out door umumnya dihasilkan daging dengan kesan jus lebih baik daripada sistem in door. Nilai pH dan cita rasa daging tidak dipengaruhi oleh sistem pemeliharaan ternak. Pemeliharaan ternak babi sistem pasture+ biji-bijian menghasilkan daging dengan penampilan, tekstur dan cita rasa lebih baik daripada sistem dikandangkan.
Understanding Turnover Intention: Exploring the Influence of Job Security, Perceived Organizational Support, and Job Satisfaction as a Mediator

This study aims to examine the effect of independent variables, such as job security and perceived organizational support on the dependent variable, such as turnover intention and job satisfaction as mediation. This study uses a quantitative research design. Distributing questionnaires to employees of 4-star hotels in purwokerto. With a research duration of september-october 2023. The population in this study amounted to 276 employees. The sampling technique used in this study is the quota sampling method according to the proportion of each hotel. calculated using the slovin formula resulted in 176 respondents. the method used to analyze the data is to use smartpls 3.0. In this study, all instruments are valid and reliable. the results showed that job security has no effect on turnover intention. perceived organizational support has no effect on turnover intention. job satisfaction has no effect on turnover intention. job security has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. perceived organizational support has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. and job satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between job security and perceived organizational support on turnover intention. Job security is able to have a positive and significant influence on employee job satisfaction in 4-star hotels in purwokerto. in addition, organizational support perceived by employees at 4-star hotels in purwokerto can have a significant effect on job satisfaction. however, job satisfaction is not able to mediate the effect of job security and perceived organizational support on employee turnover intention.
University teachers’ well-being in ICT-enhanced teaching: The roles of teacher self-efficacy and teaching support

In the context of information and communication technology (ICT)-enhanced teaching, teacher well-being plays a crucial role in promoting teaching effectiveness and students’ learning achievement. Drawing on the interactionist model of teacher well-being, this study investigated university teachers’ well-being (e.g., emotional exhaustion and teacher engagement) in ICT-enhanced teaching and its associations with their self-efficacy (e.g., classroom management, instructional strategy and course design) and teaching support (e.g., autonomy support, teaching resources and peer support). The results of an online questionnaire survey conducted among 836 university teachers in China indicated that the enhanced integration of ICT into teaching practices neither impaired teacher engagement nor caused them significant emotional exhaustion. Instead, adequate teaching resources and autonomy support contributed positively to both teacher self-efficacy and engagement. Increased efficacy in course design and classroom management alleviated their emotional exhaustion. Moreover, teacher self-efficacy significantly mediated the effects of autonomy support on emotional exhaustion and teacher engagement. These results have practical implications for understanding and promoting university teachers’ well-being as well as teaching effectiveness in ICT-enhanced teaching environments. Implications for practice or policy Administrators may consider providing adequate resources geared towards enhancing university teachers’ confidence and engagement in ICT-enhanced teaching. Administrators may avoid introducing excessive and burdensome initiatives to university teachers to prevent teacher emotional exhaustion. University teachers may be granted significant autonomy in selecting their preferred teaching platforms, methods and materials to meet their specific needs and preferences in ICT-enhanced teaching.
Is the Inclusive Entrepreneurial Intention Among Women Ex-Prisoners a Perspective of Reintegration in Tunisia?

Inclusive entrepreneurship refers to the participation of marginalized groups in entrepreneurship to help them overcome social and economic challenges, which plays a very important role in poverty reduction. This study proposes that the main solution to this problem is to promote inclusive entrepreneurship through the production of inclusive and innovative services and goods. Among unconventional and marginalized entrepreneurs: women ex-prisoners. Planned Behavior Theory is used to predict inclusive entrepreneurial intention which may be the key to filling existing gaps in understanding the intention of female ex-prisoners to be inclusive entrepreneurs by also testing the moderating effect of Planned Behavior Theory to compare women’s behavioral traits to inclusive entrepreneurial intention. The results of the regression analysis show that attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are significant in relation to inclusive entrepreneurial intention among female ex-prisoners. In conclusion, this study suggests that “inclusive entrepreneurship”may be a viable solution to the problem observed in society and to unconventional female entrepreneurs, as entrepreneurship could be a more attractive option. Entrepreneurship can be like a solution for reintegration into society for women ex-prisoners.