Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Palaeoceanographic changes in the late Pliocene promoted rapid diversification in pelagic seabirds

Palaeoceanographic changes can act as drivers of diversification and speciation, even in highly mobile marine organisms. Shearwaters are a group of globally distributed and highly mobile pelagic seabirds. Despite a recent well‐resolved phylogeny, shearwaters have controversial species limits, and show periods of both slow and rapid diversification. Here, we explore the role of palaeoceanographic changes on shearwaters' diversification and speciation. We investigate shearwater biogeography and the evolution of a key phenotypic trait, body size, and we assess the validity of their current taxonomy.
The Covid-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Gamification within ESL Virtual Classrooms: A Literature Review

The Covid-19 pandemic is a health crisis that has been affecting the world since December 2019. The death toll that keeps spiking up day by day has led the government to take precautions in schools in order to ensure students’ health and safety. The temporary closure of various educational institutions including universities, schools and kindergartens has given a significant impact on our education system. This unprecedented situation has resulted in the transition of the face-to-face teaching method to virtual learning. This literature review focuses on the use of gamification as a tool for language learning and teaching, specifically for the educators and learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) in conducting virtual lessons in the middle of the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, the impacts and challenges of the utilisation of gamification tools in the virtual classrooms conducted due to Covid-19 pandemic have been identified as a way to enhance ESL virtual classrooms through improvements in the method of teaching for students’ educational development with regard to ESL knowledge.
Effects of teaching method on retention of Agricultural Science knowledge in senior secondary schools of Bauchi Local Government Area, Nigeria

This study determined the effect of two teaching methods (demonstration and discussion) on student’s retention of Agricultural Science knowledge in secondary schools of Bauchi metropolis. The study was guided by two research questions based on the specific objectives and three null hypotheses, tested at 0.05 level of significance. The pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design was employed. All the students from three intact SS II classes were used; one class each from three randomly selected schools. A 20 item multiple choice achievement test was administered to the two treatment groups before and after the treatment and the scores so obtained were analyzed by mean, standard deviation and t-test. The findings revealed that both the two teaching methods have significant effect on student’s retention of Agricultural Science knowledge. Demonstration method was found to be more effective in making the students to remember Agricultural Science knowledge. It was therefore recommended that the demonstration method be used with confidence to teach Agriculture Science in Bauchi State secondary schools. Key words: Teaching methods, student’s retention, Agricultural Science, secondary schools.
Effectiveness of fungicides with different modes of action against net blotch disease of two-rowed spring barley

Net blotch disease caused by Pyrenophora teres is one of the most damaging fungal diseases of barley crop. This study screened comparatively the effectiveness of eleven fungicide products applied to malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L. conv. distichum Alef.) cultivar ‘Daciana’ in conditions from Transylvania. After fungicide treatment, the net blotch disease index decreased an average of 70.37-78.04% relative to untreated control. Fungicide application ensured an average of 28.66% grain yield increase, 7.51% thousand grains weight increase and 4.36% grain starch content increase relative to untreated control. Top performance was obtained by using products that contained demethylation inhibitors targeting sterol biosynthesis in combination with other active substances with a different mode of action particularly targeting mitochondrial respiration. It is a difficult task to achieve top performance on all dimensions: strict disease suppression, high quantity and quality grain yields. Preventing the occurrence of pathogen resistance to fungicide and minimizing negative effect on crop as well as remanence in the plant, are the main challenges for fungicide use and should receive further attention.
A STUDY ON RATIONALIZATION OF THE SHAPE STEEL BRIDGE

本研究は, 支間30m程度以下の小規模鋼橋梁における, 床版構造まで含めた既存の構造形式の課題を挙げ, その解決方法を提案し, 実験および解析によって検証したものである. まず, 床版構造については合成床版を採用し, ハンチ構造の廃止およびプレハブ化に伴う桁接合方式の簡略化を提案するとともに, それらの妥当性を解析および静的実験, 輪荷重走行試験により検証した. 次に, 形鋼主桁と高耐荷力の合成床版の組合せを活かして, 中間横桁の完全省略を行い, その設計法を提案し解析的に検証した. 最後に, 連続桁構造の長支間化における障害となる負曲げモーメントに対処するため, 現場連結方式の中間支点構造を提案し, その設計法の妥当性をFEM解析, 静的試験により確認した.
Differential responses of Ceratitis capitata to infection by the entomopathogenic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum

The medfly Ceratitis capitata is one of the most damaging fruit pests with quarantine significance due to its extremely wide host range. The use of entomopathogenic fungi constitutes a promising approach with potential applications in integrated pest management. Furthermore, developing insect control methods can involve the use of fungal machinery to cause metabolic disruption, which may increase its effectiveness by impairing insect development. Insect species, including C. capitata, relies on reproduction potential, nutrient reserves, metabolic activities, and immune response for survival. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of the entomopathogenic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum on C. capitata pre-mortality. The medfly V8 strain was subjected to laboratory bioassays, which consisted on determining the virulence of P. lilacinum on the medfly. Purpureocillium lilacinum was applied on abdominal topical of 5-day-old males and females. Following the fungal inoculation, we have confirmed (i) a significant increase in tissue sugar content, (ii) a significant decrease in carbohydrase activities, digestive glycosyl hydrolase, and proteinase activities in whole midguts of treated flies, (iii) the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) genes expression profile was significantly influenced by fly gender, fly status (virgin, mature, and mated), and time after infection, but infection itself had no discernible impact on the AMPs for the genes that were examined. This study provides the first insight into how P. lilacinum could affect C. capitata physiological mechanisms and provides the foundation for considering P. lilacinum as a novel, promising biocontrol agent.
Induced fit with replica exchange improves protein complex structure prediction

Despite the progress in prediction of protein complexes over the last decade, recent blind protein complex structure prediction challenges revealed limited success rates (less than 20% models with DockQ score > 0.4) on targets that exhibit significant conformational change upon binding. To overcome limitations in capturing backbone motions, we developed a new, aggressive sampling method that incorporates temperature replica exchange Monte Carlo (T-REMC) and conformational sampling techniques within docking protocols in Rosetta. Our method, ReplicaDock 2.0, mimics induced-fit mechanism of protein binding to sample backbone motions across putative interface residues on-the-fly, thereby recapitulating binding-partner induced conformational changes. Furthermore, ReplicaDock 2.0 clocks in at 150-500 CPU hours per target (protein-size dependent); a runtime that is significantly faster than Molecular Dynamics based approaches. For a benchmark set of 88 proteins with moderate to high flexibility (unbound-to-bound iRMSD over 1.2 Å), ReplicaDock 2.0 successfully docks 61% of moderately flexible complexes and 35% of highly flexible complexes. Additionally, we demonstrate that by biasing backbone sampling particularly towards residues comprising flexible loops or hinge domains, highly flexible targets can be predicted to under 2 Å accuracy. This indicates that additional gains are possible when mobile protein segments are known. Significance Statement Proteins bind each other in a highly specific and regulated manner, and these associated dynamics of binding are intimately linked to their function. Conventional techniques of structure determination such as cryo-EM, X-ray crystallography and NMR are time-consuming and arduous. Using a temperature-replica exchange Monte Carlo approach that mimics the kinetic mechanism of “induced fit” binding, we improved prediction of protein complex structures, particularly for targets that exhibit considerable conformational changes upon binding (Interface root mean square deviation (unbound-bound) > 1.2 Å. Capturing these binding-induced conformational changes in proteins can aid us in better understanding biological mechanisms and suggest intervention strategies for disease mechanisms.
Improve Student Interest in Mathematics and Learning Outcomes Through Multiple Intelligence Based Learning

The problem of this Classroom Action Research (CAR) is the low level of interest and mastery in Mathematics for 5th grade college students at SD Negeri 1 Kebanggan. The purpose of this research is to improve college students' interests and passions and mastering skills. The research was carried out in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of planning, implementation, and reflection. The issue with this study is that it includes as many as sixteen college students in 5th grade. Multiple Intelligence in Mathematics, Basic Competence is used to determine the dice root of a cubic number. Methods of data collection using commentary sheets and written exams to determine student mastery results. The results of mastery mastering within the first cycle were 68.75 percent, with the second cycle accelerating from 31.25 percent to 100 percent. The study's findings on pupil interest in learning during the first cycle were 43.75 percent, with an increase of 56.25 percent to 100 percent during the second cycle.Based at the consequences above, it may be concluded that Multilpe Intelligence-primarily based totally mastering can growth the hobby and mastering effects of 5th graders of SD Negeri 1 Pride in Mathematics, Basic Competence Determining the dice root of a cubic number.
Keep talking: (Mis)understanding the hedonic trajectory of conversation.

People regularly interact with new acquaintances, yet little research has examined the hedonic dynamics of these conversations or the extent to which people are aware of them. Five preregistered laboratory experiments (N = 1,093 participants, including 966 spoken conversations) address these gaps. We find that people misunderstand the hedonic trajectory of conversation: After enjoying the initial minutes of conversation with a new acquaintance, participants expected their enjoyment to decline as their conversations continued, but experienced stable or increasing enjoyment in reality. This miscalibration arose at least partly because participants underestimated how much they would have to discuss. Thus, instructing participants to mentally simulate the conversation in detail drew their attention to the conversation material they could discuss and helped to calibrate their enjoyment predictions. When left uncorrected, misunderstanding the hedonic trajectory of conversation can undermine well-being. In one study, participants preferred to spend less time in conversation and more time alone than was optimal for their enjoyment-a finding that emerged even among participants who reported wanting to enjoy themselves. Throughout our experiments we assessed various conversational contexts (including whether participants had one long conversation with a single partner or several short conversations with different partners), and features of conversation (including participants' perceived and actual interest in talking to each other, fatigue, and the intimacy of conversation), thus shining novel light on conversational dynamics more broadly. People hold incorrect assumptions about how social interaction changes over time and, consequently, may avoid longer-lasting conversations that would forge closer connections. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Off‐Equatorial Pi2 Pulsations Inside and Outside the Plasmapause Observed by the Arase Satellite

Using magnetic field and electron density data from the Arase satellite for the period from March 2017 to September 2019, we investigate the spatial properties of Pi2 pulsations in relation to the plasmapause over a wide latitudinal range (absolute magnetic latitude, |Mlat|, < 45°) in the inner magnetosphere. Magnetic field disturbances that have high coherence (> 0.7) with Pi2 pulsations in the north‐south (H) component at low‐latitude ground stations on the nightside, are dominantly identified from the magnetic fields in the radial (BR) and compressional (BP) components when the satellite is in the pre‐midnight sector. In particular, high‐coherence BP events are distributed over wide L‐values and latitudinal ranges on the nightside in the pre‐midnight sector. We identify the location of the plasmapause using the electron densities measured by Arase, and found that the BP‐H power ratio and the cross phases of the high‐coherence events show a gradual peak and a clear phase change from 0° to 180° in the vicinity of the plasmapause, respectively. These features indicate that mid‐ and low‐latitude Pi2 pulsations on the nightside are excited by the plasmaspheric virtual resonance mode.
Beer Brewing in Namibia and Sensory Profile of Beer on Sale in the Namibian Market

Abstract This study presents a brief history of beer in Namibia and explores the Namibian beer market by investigating the sensory characteristics of the beers readily available on the off-premises segment of the drink market. Twenty-two beers were sampled, and their characteristics were quantified using Descriptive Analysis and trained assessors. The results showed that the beers under study included a small range of products in terms of beer styles, most of the beers brewed in or imported to Namibia being bottom-fermented blond lagers of low to moderate alcohol content. These beers were not typically complex and divided into samples brewed in accordance with the Reinheitsgebot standards and into samples brewed in accordance to brewing protocols not compliant with the Germany purity law. Although sameness seemed to be the keyword, subtle significant differences existed among these beers. Some samples, the most flavorsome overall, were perceived as being significantly more alcoholic, bodied, carbonated, bitter, astringent, malty, and richer in solvent-like and vinous impressions. Other samples were perceived as having a thinner mouthfeel and being richer in caramel-like and cooked vegetable notes. Other blond beers included lite beers and were identified as thinner, whereas alcohol-free beers were identified as watery, rich in wort and cooked vegetable-like notes, and low in bitterness and perceived levels of carbonation. IPA and Doppelbock stood out from the others due to maltiness, bitterness, fruitiness, and a full body. Nearly all the samples were free from faults, and this attested to the high-quality standards of Namibian beers. In terms of brewing styles, unfilled gaps in the market exist and offer untapped opportunities for brewers.
Are We Approaching Peak Meat Consumption? Analysis of Meat Consumption from 2000 to 2019 in 35 Countries and Its Relationship to Gross Domestic Product

Simple Summary Meat production has been associated with environmental degradation, yet at the same time many countries are increasing their consumption. We analyzed which countries are increasing and which decreasing their consumption of all the major meats consumed over a period from 2000 to 2019. There is evidence of peak meat consumption having been reached in several countries, but also evidence of continued consumption increases in many of the emerging-economy countries, probably due to greater affordability. We also found evidence of this when we attempted to link Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita to meat consumption per capita. In many emerging-economy countries, there was a direct link over the years studied, but in the higher income countries there was no relationship. We discuss how this observed dichotomous relationship will shape future trends in meat consumption. Abstract Growing prosperity, but also disease outbreaks, natural disasters, and consumer preferences are changing global meat consumption. We investigated the 2000–2019 trends in 35 countries monitored by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. We also tested relationships with Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Several countries appeared to be reaching peak consumption of some meats, and three (New Zealand, Canada, and Switzerland) have reached this. Poultry consumption increased over time in most countries, and beef and mutton/lamb consumption decreased in many. Using cluster analysis, we divided countries into two clusters: one in which increases in GDP per capita matched increases in meat consumption; and a second one of nine countries, for which there was no association between per capita change in GDP and meat consumption. There was evidence of a tipping point around USD 40,000 of GDP per capita, after which increases in economic well-being do not lead to increased meat consumption.
Associations Between Physical Fitness, Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Academic Performance

There is evidence that physical activity (PA) can improve the academic performance. We recruited healthy adolescent girls, aged 11–12 years, and measured their PA with the accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X for the consecutive 5 days. Physical fitness (PF) was measured with eight motoric tests and three anthropometry measures. Academic performance (AP) was assessed for the six academic narrated school subjects. The results revealed that the girls were more physically active during the week days and less active at weekend (557 vs. 516 counts/min). Physical education grade shows the highest overall correlations with the results of the PF test battery (r = 0.53–0.95, p < 0.01). Nevertheless, correlations surprisingly decrease for the combined daily PA (r = 0.45), especially the weekend PA (r = 0.28). Grade point average and PF correlated moderately (r = 0.43-0.64), while they were moderate to high for PA (r = 0.59–0.87). Many questions arose after the completion of the present study and several new topics opened up, such as the question of how parental education affects the duration of PA and AP of the children and the influence of the place of residence AP of the children.
Current development and future plan for smart distribution grid in Korea

Since 1998, Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) 's distribution automation system (DAS) has been deployed and now operated in whole 190 branch offices in KEPCO. From 2005, research project has been carried on, which titled with "Development of Intelligent Distribution Automation System (IDAS)" to give DAS more intelligence. The project is consisted of 4 sub projects in which high level master station for IDAS, intelligent multifunctional remote terminal unit, sensor and intelligent distribution facilities with diagnosis are being developed to improve the power quality and reliability of the distribution networks and test bed for distribution generation is being established. The high level management systems and intelligent RTUs and distribution facilities has already developed and will be integrated and tested in the field next year. From 2008, KEPCO will launch new research project for Smart Distribution Grid. In this project, distribution automation system will be transformed into the smart multi-agent, self diagnostic and fault anticipatable system with fully integrated with Distributed Energy Resources and with conformance to IEC 61850. And new DC (direct current) power distribution network configuration and operating technology will also be developed using DC microgrid and customer storage system. After completion of this future projects, the power distribution architecture for next grid will be developed, through products of that revolutionary improvement for power network in terms of integrated operation, reliability and utilization will be accomplished. (4 pages)
Basic Refinery Training Courseware in Enhancing Technical Employees' Visualization Skills

Various research has been conducted to enhance the employees’ visualization skills in different areas and the importance and the role of visualization skills towards the employee’s achievement, especially in the industry such as manufacturing, medical, oil and gas field, and many more. To improve visualization skills, the use of effective training methods and tools should be applied to facilitate and enhance the understanding and performance in general, in a way to help them solve problems at the workplace. Thus, the aim of this paper focuses to the attention on the practical use of augmented reality (AR) with the ability of digital mobile application in the crude oil refinery process within the oil and gas industry environment, describing the potential and the effectiveness of the technology to enhance the visualization skill among the technical employees. This study used Basic refinery courseware that can be accessed via digital network to give an interactive training experience that can enhance technical employees' visualization skills. This courseware shows the positive effect and impact on technical employees’ visualization skills and performance based on the results. The results have also shown an increased motivation, making them more cooperative and developing visualization skills more quickly. Considering these results, it can be concluded that Basic Refinery training courseware based on augmented reality application is an effective and beneficial tool to be applied in training programs among the workplace's technical employees.
Spatial and Temporal Capitalization Effects of Light Rail in Phoenix

Studies have shown that proximity to light rail transit (LRT) stations positively affects property values and that these effects can appear before a system opens for operation. Here, we expand on these questions. We explore capitalization effects at several stages during the planning process for four real estate markets: single-family homes, homes in multifamily structures, commercial properties, and vacant land, using the case study of the LRT system in Phoenix, Arizona. We confirm earlier results concerning the value of proximity, and also find that markets exhibit value increases at different stages during the planning and construction process.