Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Adaptive Data Processing for the IoT Platform

Internet of Things (IoT) has become an integral part of our lives as we use it for connecting physical things together. With the increasing number of IoT devices, it is thus necessary to have a dynamically scalable system that adjusts computing resources according to different needs. A good scaling mechanism would have to maintain the service-level objective (SLO), and while minimizing computing resource usage would be desirable. Within the scope of this thesis, this study developed and evaluated various ways to calculate the desired number of container instances. The calculation of the desired number of instances is separated into scale-up calculation and scale-down calculation. If scale-up calculation is greater than or equal to the current number of instances, the scale-up calculation will then be used as the desired number of instances. Otherwise, the maximum between the scale-up calculation and scale-down calculation will then be used as the desired number of instances, but not greater than the current number of instances. Many calculations were evaluated to be used as scale-up calculation and scale-down calculation. This includes calculations based on the incoming message rate (producing rate), number of pending messages (message lag), and their forecast value using double exponential smoothing. In addition, the study evaluated different intervals to recompute the desired number of instances. The study found that Kubernetes's built-in auto scaling solution has too many limitations that are hard to circumvent without rewriting the source code. Therefore, a self-adaptive agent for auto scaling was built from the ground up to run the defined scaling mechanisms. The developed self-adaptive agent can query and analyze complex structured data from the system by itself; it can also limit scale-down actions in a period of time. Overall, the study found that calculations based on forecast message lag could offer more computing resource savings while most messages are within the SLO than other methods tested. This study found that using the forecast-message-lag-based calculation for scale-up and scale-down calculation could save about 10% of the computing resource usage from the producing-rate-based calculation, while about 96% of the messages are within SLO in the test with the generated seasonal load. In addition to this, separating the calculation of the desired number of instances into scale-up calculation and scale-down calculation also helps to control scaling behavior more precisely. Applying the self-adaptive agent for auto scaling and the scaling mechanisms with queue-based IoT solutions could help in terms of scalability and efficiency of the system.
Investigating the linkage between precipitation and temperature changes in Iraq and greenhouse gas variability

In this study, the homogeneity of annual precipitation and temperature in Iraq were examined for the periods (1981-2010) and (1971-2010) respectively in terms of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) and their link to climate change. Observational data of precipitation and temperature, were provided by Iraqi meteorological stations along with information on GHG concentrations from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR V4.3.2). The homogeneity characterisations of both precipitation and temperature were undertaken, noting that precipitation was homogeneous over the period of study, whereas, temperature, on the other hand, had breakpoints for the meteorological stations investigated. The Mann-Kendall test was performed to determine the trend and magnitude of changes in climate conditions. The time series for precipitation showed a significant decline trend six stations. However, temperature had a slight trend throughout the period of study. The annual time series of GHG emissions in Iraq and the link with the country’s climate was also investigated in this study indicates that the time series of N2O and CO2 increased over time, but CH4 decreased over the same period. The correlation coefficient values of both temperature and GHG were substantial and were found to increase in the southern stations given the abundance of intense heat and industrial activities, while the relationship between GHG and precipitation were found to be low. Accordingly, GHG emissions have a direct link with the climatic conditions in Iraq due to the development and contribution of various industries, oil refineries, pollutants and population growth which contributed towards climatic changes in Iraq.
A Review on Halal Tourism: an Analysis on the Parameters

Halal has become a global issue today, not least in Indonesia. At the state level, Indonesia is planned to become the world halal center. This is clearly seen by the Ministry of Tourism trying to increase the number of tourists visiting Indonesia, especially visiting halal tourist destinations. Some regions are trying to compete to become areas that are friendly to halal tourism, including Lombok, Aceh and finally Malang City. Regarding the halal tourism trend, it is important to know about the concepts and parameters used in implementing halal tourism. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the concept of halal tourism and several parameters that are used as standard for halal tourism destination. The method of data collection uses documentary methods based on a review of both primary and secondary literature. The results of this study are that the concept of halal tourism can be classified into two importance aspects; first, the act of obedience, which described as a way to appreciate the greatness of God’s creation. Second, the act of fulfilling an economic demand. While the parameters of halal tourism have to meet material and spiritual criteria, such as the activities have to meet shariah regulation which avoid syirk, disobedience, tabdzir or israf, and falsehood. On the other hand, the availability of services and infrastructure which meet the Muslim tourist criteria.
Dressler Syndrome: A Case Report

Introduction: Dressler Syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain, especially in patients who are in a late stage of the evolution of the ischemic process. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department due to pleuritic chest pain. Two weeks before this admission, he presented with a typical angina episode, likely an ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and did not receive reperfusion therapy or any medical care. The patient’s electrocardiogram showed diffuse ST segment elevation and PR segment depression, and his blood tests showed positive myocardial necrosis markers. A coronary angiography showed a proximal occlusion (not recanalized) of the circumflex artery. There was a late gadolinium enhancement area seen through cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), suggestive of recent transmural infarction, pericardial injury, and pleural effusion (inflammatory). Conclusions: These findings strongly suggest the diagnosis of delayed post-infarction pericarditis, or Dressler Syndrome, a rare disease in the age of reperfusion therapy. Although rare, it is a syndrome that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain.
Macronutrient accumulation in wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) with Azospirillum brasilense associated with nitrogen doses and sources

Abstract New studies are needed to optimize the nitrogen (N) amount that can be applied to utilize the Azospirillum brasilense benefits. In addition, information regarding the interaction between the urease inhibitor and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and how they affect the macronutrients accumulation are also needed. We evaluate the effect of N sources and doses associated with A. brasilense regarding the macronutrients accumulation in straw and grains and wheat grain yield in tropical conditions. A randomized block experimental design was used with four replications in a 2 × 5 × 2 factorial arrangement as follows: two N sources (urea and urea with urease enzyme inhibitor NBPT; five N doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha−1) applied in topdressing; with and without A. brasilense inoculation. We found that an increase in N doses positively influenced the accumulation of macronutrients in straw and grains and the wheat grain yield. N sources have similar effects. Inoculation with A. brasilense increased accumulation of Mg and S in straw and P, Ca, and Mg in grains, regardless of the N dose. The inoculation with A. brasilense associated with 140 kg ha−1 of N increased wheat grain yield. The inoculation can contribute in a more sustainable way to wheat nutrition and optimizing N fertilization.
Contrasting Patterns of Labile and Semilabile Dissolved Organic Carbon From Continental Waters to the Open Ocean

Marine and freshwater prokaryotes feed primarily on bioavailable labile dissolved organic carbon (BDOCL), as well as the bioavailable fraction of the semilabile DOC (BDOCSL) pool. These fractions are operationally defined here as the DOC consumed within a month and greater than a month to a year and a half, respectively. Organic matter from these different pools comes from various autochthonous and allochthonous sources, but their relative bioavailability is unknown across aquatic ecosystems. To fill this gap, we compiled literature information that included 653 batch culture DOC biodegradation experiments across eight aquatic ecosystem types over the past 20 years. We show that the proportion of BDOCL across all aquatic ecosystems was surprisingly consistent (6.1%) despite a 2 order of magnitude variation in initial DOC concentrations, suggesting an overall tight balance between carbon supply and consumption. A higher proportion of BDOCL, 16.3% on average, was observed in high productivity ecosystems. BDOCSL, on the other hand, gradually decreased from 16.0% in lakes to 7.2% in estuaries to undetectable in the open ocean, suggesting that terrestrial connectivity regulates BDOCSL across the continuum. Our results support that recent primary production fuels short‐term prokaryotic DOC needs with an increasing reliance on the abundant BDOCSL pool as ecosystems approach the land‐water interface. Batch culture experiments show that BDOCSL is metabolizable in freshwater and coastal environments but not in the open ocean. We estimate that BDOCSL can sustain 62% of total prokaryotic biomass in inland waters and coasts and an estimated total of 16.7% across aquatic biomes.
Internet of Things Cyber Attacks Detection using Machine Learning

The Internet of Things (IoT) combines hundreds of millions of devices which are capable of interaction with each other with minimum user interaction. IoT is one of the fastest-growing areas in of computing; however, the reality is that in the extremely hostile environment of the internet, IoT is vulnerable to numerous types of cyberattacks. To resolve this, practical countermeasures need to be established to secure IoT networks, such as network anomaly detection. Regardless that attacks cannot be wholly avoided forever, early detection of an attack is crucial for practical defense. Since IoT devices have low storage capacity and low processing power, traditional high-end security solutions to protect an IoT system are not appropriate. Also, IoT devices are now connected without human intervention for longer periods. This implies that intelligent network-based security solutions like machine learning solutions must be developed. Although many studies in recent years have discussed the use of Machine Learning (ML) solutions in attack detection problems, little attention has been given to the detection of attacks specifically in IoT networks. In this study, we aim to contribute to the literature by evaluating various machine learning algorithms that can be used to quickly and effectively detect IoT network attacks. A new dataset, Bot-IoT, is used to evaluate various detection algorithms. In the implementation phase, seven different machine learning algorithms were used, and most of them achieved high performance. New features were extracted from the Bot-IoT dataset during the implementation and compared with studies from the literature, and the new features gave better results.
Transnational interdependency and healthcare system change: The role of humanitarian and development aid in shaping health policy in Jordan

This article examines the role of external financing as a form of transnational economic interdependency in shaping healthcare system change in Jordan. More specifically, this exploratory study traces the trajectory of Jordan’s healthcare policy such as regards public financing, investment in infrastructure, and policy priorities – especially, efforts at universalism and health as a human right – over the years 2008–2018. During this period of observation, the Jordanian healthcare system was subject to various exogenous shocks in the form of recurrent and large influxes of refugees from Iraq and Syria. Regarded as a crisis, the growing presence of the refugee population introduced a significant increase in humanitarian and development aid that brought with it resources for both the displaced and host populations. This study examines whether increased external financing in the form of overseas development aid necessarily translates into healthcare system expansion for both citizens and refugees. This article will contribute to filling the gap in knowledge and understanding of the complex interdependencies which influence the evolution of healthcare policies in a country not only affected by an ongoing refugee crisis, but also at the geopolitical crossroads of international interests in the Middle East region.
Case of Emergency in General Practice

AIMS: The aim of this work was the analysis of the quantity, quality and factors of influence for the cooperation of these partners from each position. Furthermore it focused on the subjective competence of general physicians during proceeding acute practice, their skills-training frequency and their emergency equipment. DESIGN & METHODS: First 50 detailed, face-to-face interviews with general and emergency physicians in the Dresden area were conducted. The focus laid on three parts: basic conditions, individual parameters of the doctor and interaction quality in emergency case. Additional an investigation by questionnaire (n=128) at a congress was done. RESULTS: Cases of emergency in a general physician practice are rare (1 to 3 times a year). The cooperation between family and emergency doctor is evaluated differently: the resident colleagues estimated the cooperation much better than the emergency physicians. The most important positive influence factor for good cooperation was the great professional competence in first treatment of acute patients for both. The analysis of the grade of reliability in proceeding acute practices revealed subjective failings in intubation and defibrillation for the GP. General physicians in a city with less than 100 000 inhabitants have a better preparation in clinical and material sectors. Doctors with a qualification certificate in emergency medicine are significantly more reliable in proceeding acute measures and doctors with a higher rate of visited skills-training-courses are more credible. Future prospects The development of further emergency training courses is necessary to guarantee the preservation and improvement of medical care in emergencies. The emergency equipment of general practices should be adapted on the requirements particularly the availability of defibrillators and pulsoxymeters.
Prognostic factors and efficacy of human intravenous immunoglobulin G in dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: a retrospective study

: This study was conducted to determine the effect of treatment with intravenous human immunoglobulin G (hIVIgG) on outcome in dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), and to identify prognostic variables that determine outcome in affected dogs. Thirty-seven dogs that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in a retrospective study. The dogs were categorized into two groups based on their having received hIVIgG. There was no significant difference in survival between the hIVIgG group and the non-hIVIgG group. Mortality during hospitalization and at 1 month, 1 year, or 2 years after discharge was not significantly different between the hIVIgG and the non-hIVIgG groups. Hemoglobinuria was significantly less prevalent in dogs that lived more than 1 year than in those who lived less than 1 year, and was less prevalent in dogs that lived more than 2 years than in those who lived less than 2 years. However, there was no difference in the presence of hemoglobinuria between dogs that lived less than 1 month and those that lived more than 1 month. Overall, there was no evidence of a beneficial effect of hIVIgG in dogs with idiopathic IMHA.
An improved multiple‐state observer of Boolean control networks

This paper explores the issue of state estimation for Boolean control networks (BCNs), and a kind of improved multiple‐state observer is proposed. The improved multiple‐state observer can be described by means of a specific BCN that overcomes the difficulty of the existing multiple state observers where it is difficult to find a general expression for the observer gain matrix. Next, based on the states that can possibly generate the output and those that are observed by the designed observer in current time step, an adaptive algorithm that completes the design of the multiple‐state observer is provided to update the observer states, and which makes the state estimation of Boolean control networks feasible. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
A case-study evaluating river rehabilitation alternatives and habitat heterogeneity using the hydromorphological index of diversity

Abstract Concurrent rehabilitation alternatives were evaluated for a 1900 m reach of the River Etsch in northern Italy using a recently developed Hydro Morphological Index of Diversity (HMID) model. HMID is a new tool enabling quantitative assessments of river restoration alternatives on ecologically relevant scales. The model is able to characterize both the spatial and temporal hydrodynamic variability, in relation to morphological characteristics, and thereby to assess the overall physical habitat variability imparted by different restoration alternatives. Three habitat alternatives were evaluated (boulder clusters, groynes, alternating bars) and compared to existing conditions where a prismatic channel exists. The placement of boulder clusters represented the simplest and cheapest option to implement but produced marginal improvements in the aquatic habitat. Installation of groynes resulted in moderate increases to spatial habitat variability, resulting in the largest capital investment. The introduction of alternating bars within a modestly increased channel width produced the greatest increase in physical habitat diversity and thus morphodynamic complexity while resulting in moderate capital investment construction costs compared to a full geomorphic restoration. The alternating bar rehabilitation alternative also supported the greatest habitat diversity and lowest variation in hydraulic conditions under low-flow conditions.
Clients satisfaction of antenatal care services in public and private health care facilities in Lagos

Background: Antenatal care involves screening for health and socioeconomic conditions likely to increase the possibility of specific adverse pregnancy outcomes, providing therapeutic interventions known to be effective and educating pregnant women about planning for safe birth. Quality and customer service have been identified as critical strategic issues for both public and private sector organizations. In private sector, customer satisfaction and loyalty are secured through high quality services. Public sector organizations are under constant pressure to improve customer service on a continuous basis. Patient satisfaction has traditionally been linked to the quality of services given and the extent to which specific needs are met. Objective: Aim of the study was to determine and compare factors influencing clients' satisfaction with antenatal care services in public and private primary care facilities. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional comparative study design was used to recruit 209 respondents each in public and private health facilities in Surulere local government, Lagos state. A questionnaire was used for data collection of socio-demographics and overall satisfaction with care. The data obtained was presented as figures and tables . Chi-square (X 2 ) test was used to test for association between the independent and dependent variables at probability value <0.05 (P-value <0.05). Ethical approval was obtained from Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Health Research and Ethics Committee [LUTH HREC]. Approval for the study was also sought from the authorities of all the selected facilities. Results: The percentage of respondents who were very satisfied with ANC services was higher in private (65.1%) than public (37.3 %). More women (98.6%) would come back in subsequent pregnancy while a lesser proportion (94.7%) in public facilities would come back. More women (98.6%) in private would recommend clinic to others while a lesser proportion (96.7%) in public would do the same. Conclusion: Women receiving antenatal care in private facilities are more satisfied than women attending public health facilities. Keywords: Antenatal care, clients' satisfaction
Website Attributes, Customer Engagement and Retention: Empirical Evidence from Local Pakistani Companies

Website attributes of an e-commerce website enhance its visual and responsive appeal for a website. To have a closer view and insight of the website attributes, we investigated that how different website attributes such as aesthetic, affective, functional and symbolic affect the customer engagement and retention. We compared furniture and airline sector specifically four companies; Interwood & Habitt, PIA & Serene Air websites and its effect of customer’s engagement and retention. Data was collected from 400 respondents through survey method. Website of each company was shown and then they were asked to evaluate these websites in terms of their aesthetic, affective, functional and symbolic appeal. All the relationships in this research were significant except a few. Affective attributes of Habitt, PIA, Serene website do not engage customers while aesthetic properties of Habitt and Serene Airlines do not retain customers. Also, affective properties have the most significant relationship with customer retention for all the customers of each company. Overall, results added useful insight into the literature on E-commerce and Marketing.