Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selection of different substrates for the cultivation of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica P & C).

Calocybe indica is one of the best edible mushrooms which can be grown at high temperature or summer season. It replaces the non-vegetarian food. The present experiment was conducted to find out the efficacy of different substrates such as paddy straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, coconut coir pith, cotton waste and sugarcane baggase for the cultivation of milky mushroom. Among the six different substrates, wheat straw substrate was superior which recorded minimum days for spawn run 15.67 days, pinhead formation 28.67 days and for first harvest 33.67 days with highest no. of fruit bodies 24.33, highest diameter 7.66 cm, length of stalk 7.86 cm, maximum yield 1463 gm and highest biological efficiency 146.3 %. Paddy straw was the next best superior substrate for cultivation of milky mushroom.
Study of Continuous and Intermittent Drying of Pear Through Mathematical and Diffusion Models

The methods for drying agricultural products are necessary to check the quality of the final product and feasibility of the process. The objective of this study was to perform the drying of pear by continuous and intermittent methods (α = 2/3) at two different temperatures, compare the two methods and describe the processes using mathematical and diffusion models to evaluate the saving of time and effective processing energy. For continuous drying, Page model was the one which best fitted to the experimental data, with highest coefficient of determination and lowest chi-square. Regarding intermittent drying Page model was also the one which best fitted to the experimental data for the two temperatures studied. When comparing the drying methods studied, it was found that intermittent drying produced a similar and considerably better effect on the energy saving aspect, compared with continuous drying: 41.7% at 50 °C and 25.8% at 70 °C. The effect of time intervals with the product out of the dryer, during the intermittent drying process, was reflected in the increase in the diffusion coefficient, so that the transport of moisture occurred more quickly for this type of drying, which contributes to justify the reduction of effective operating time and increased dry product quality.
MOSFET Modeling With SPICE: Principles and Practice

1. SPICE Modeling and the Dominance of CMOS Technology. 2. SPICE Modeling and the Formalism of Model Building. 3. The Semiconductor Physics of MOS Structures. 4. A Comparison of Analytical and Numerical Results. 5. The Level 1 Model. 6. The Level 2 Model. 7. The Level 3 Model. 8. BSIM. 9. HSPICE Level 28. 10. BSIM2. 11. BSIM3. 12. MOS Model 9. 13. The Active Device Capacitance. 14. Accounting for Systematic Process Variations. 15. Circuit Level Correlation of Models and Hardware. 16. New Model Candidates. 17. The Future of Device Models for Circuit Simulation. APPENDICES. A. An Executive Summary of the Various Models. B. Channel Length and Width. C. The Final Model Equations. D. The Extracted HSPICE Level 28 Model. E. The Binned BSIM2 Model. INDEX.
Para-aortic lymph node recurrence in cervical cancer patients

Objective: The primary aim of the study was to analyze incidence and risk factors for para-aortic lymph node recurrence (PALNR) in IA1 to IB2 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stage cervical cancer patients who were initially treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of stage I cervical cancer patients who had been treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without adjuvant therapy. We identified 242 patients, of whom 58 (24%) were diagnosed with PALNR by imaging studies. Results: The group of patients with PALNR had higher tumor grades (G1: 2 patients (3.4%); G2: 44 (75.9%) and G3: 12 (20.7%) vs G1: 48 (26.1%), G2: 112 (60.9%) and G3: 24 (13.0%); p = 0.001), more advanced age (median; range 54 (29–78) vs 49 (23– 76); p = 0.02) and fewer pelvic lymph nodes harvested during primary surgery (median; range 11 (3–27) vs 14 (2–40); p = 0.002) when compared to patients without PALNR. The prognosis of patients with PALNR was significantly worse when compared to patients without PALNR (5-year overall survival of 72% vs 87%, p = 0.01). 5-year overall survival following PALNR was 69%. We found no association between PALNR and tumor stage, tumor size, the presence of pelvic lymph node metastases or the histopathologic type of the tumor. Conclusion: We conclude that cervical cancer patients with high tumor grade, older age, and low number of pelvic lymph nodes harvested during initial surgery are at higher risk of PALNR.
INSTIs and NNRTIs Potently Inhibit HIV-1 Polypurine Tract Mutants in a Single Round Infection Assay

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are a class of antiretroviral compounds that prevent the insertion of a DNA copy of the viral genome into the host genome by targeting the viral enzyme integrase (IN). Dolutegravir (DTG) is a leading INSTI that is given, usually in combination with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), to treat HIV-1 infections. The emergence of resistance to DTG and other leading INSTIs is rare. However, there are recent reports suggesting that drug resistance mutations can occur at positions outside the integrase gene either in the HIV-1 polypurine tract (PPT) or in the envelope gene (env). Here, we used single round infectivity assays to measure the antiviral potencies of several FDA-approved INSTIs and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) against a panel of HIV-1 PPT mutants. We also tested several of our promising INSTIs and NNRTIs in these assays. No measurable loss in potency was observed for either INSTIs or NNRTIs against the HIV-1 PPT mutants. This suggests that HIV-1 PPT mutants are not able, by themselves, to confer resistance to INSTIs or NNRTIs.
The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in Recruitment: Between Saying and Doing

This paper represents a study on the relation between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and recruitment. A survey was conducted among HRM staff investigating attitude and practices in recruitment for middle and higher management, in relation to CSR. Concomitantly, texts of job advertisements for middle and higher management positions were analyzed for mentions of CSR-related terms in the job description, job requirements and company self-description. The survey results show that HRM staff considers CSR important in all aspects of job recruitment. However, the analysis of job advertisements shows very little attention for CSR, except in the company self-description related to equal opportunities and diversity. The HRM staff survey shows that HRM staff finds CSR more relevant for higher than for middle management positions. However, in the job advertisements, there was little difference between middle and higher management in this respect.
DETECTION OF ORGANISED STRUCTURES IN THE TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER BY VITA TECHNIQUE

Turbulent flow is the phenomenon characterised by the chaotic, random changes of velocity, however one may find there some repetitive patterns called eddies or coherent structures. These organised structures create stress and intensify the transport of energy. The paper concerns experimental investigations of turbulent boundary layer developing on a flat plate under the adverse pressure gradient corresponding to the case of pressure variation at axial compressor blading. The pressure gradient was generated by a proper curvature of the upper wall. The fully developed turbulence structure was achieved by appropriate triggering of the boundary layer and as a result the adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer (denoted t.b.l herein) at Reθ = 3000÷6000 was achieved. The paper deals with the analysis of bursting phenomena in the t.b. l. , for which the large coherent structures are responsible (Kline & Robinson, 1989). The VITA technique developed by Blackwelder and Kaplan (1976) was used to detect the structures containing most of energy in the flow. In the paper, the results of VITA detection process, based on X hot-wire signal, is presented. For interpretation of structures behaviour the shape of conditionally averaged and velocity traces recorded by X-wire was analysed. The applied quadrant analysis of time signals allowed to identify events occurring not only during bursting but also before and after the occurrence of burst. The VITA detection scheme is based on the analysis of running variance var(t,T) of detection parameter a(t) given by equation:
Ultrasound-guided placement of an anchor wire or injection of methylene blue to aid in the intraoperative localization and excision of peripheral lymph nodes in dogs and cats.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate ultrasound-guided placement of an anchor wire (AW) or injection of methylene blue (MB) to aid in the intraoperative localization of peripheral lymph nodes in dogs and cats. ANIMALS 125 dogs and 10 cats with a total of 171 lymphadenectomies. PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs and cats that underwent peripheral lymphadenectomies with or without (N) the AW or MB localization technique were reviewed. Data retrieved included clinical, surgical, and histologic findings. The proportions of successful lymphadenectomies, lymph node characteristics, and complications among the 3 groups were analyzed. RESULTS 143 (84%) lymph nodes were successfully excised. Lymphadenectomy success was significantly affected by the localization technique, with 94% for group AW, 87% for group MB, and 72% for group N. Lymph node size was smaller in groups AW and MB, compared with group N. Duration of lymphadenectomy was shorter in group AW, compared with groups MB and N, and in group MB, compared with group N. Intra- (7%) and postoperative (10%) complications and final diagnosis did not significantly differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both lymph node localization techniques were highly successful and reduced surgery time, compared with unassisted lymphadenectomy. Specifically, these techniques were effective for localization of normal-sized and nonpalpable lymph nodes and were efficient and practical options for peripheral lymphadenectomies, particularly for those that were small or nonpalpable.
Associations between stroke severity, aphasia severity, lesion location, and lesion size in acute stroke, and aphasia severity one year post stroke

ABSTRACT Background The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations stroke severity, aphasia severity, lesion location and lesion size in acute stroke, and aphasia severity in the subacute and chronic stages post stroke. We hypothesized that initial stroke severity and aphasia severity were associated with the patient’s aphasia severity in the subacute and chronic stages of stroke. We expected to find that lesions within the left frontotemporal regions of the brain were associated with aphasia severity post-stroke. Methods Thirty-three patients with aphasia were included in the study. They were assessed with a standardized aphasia test at admission to the hospital (T1), after 3 months (T2) and finally after 12 months (T3). Stroke severity, initial physical impairment, and initial functional independence were also assessed at T1. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed as clinical-routine at admission. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping and a region of interest analysis (ROI) was performed to analyze MRI-findings. Results & Outcomes Initial lesion size and aphasia severity were associated with aphasia severity at T2. Initial stroke severity, aphasia severity, and lesion size were not associated with aphasia severity at T3, but the patients’ aphasia severity at T2 predicted aphasia severity at T3. Lesion analysis showed that lesions within the left postcentral gyrus and the left inferior parietal gyrus were significantly associated with aphasia severity at T3. The ROI-analysis did not yield any significant regions of interest to explain the total variance of the patients’ change in scores on the aphasia test from T1 to T3. Conclusion Lesions within the postcentral gyrus and the inferior parietal gyrus are associated with aphasia severity at T3. Lesion size in the acute stages of stroke is associated with aphasia severity at T1 and T2, but not T3. However, neither initial aphasia severity nor stroke severity was associated with aphasia severity at T3. Aphasia severity in T2 is however strongly associated with aphasia severity in T3.
Clinical strategies to manage adult glioblastoma patients without MGMT hypermethylation

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. Standard therapy for GBM comprises surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) therapy. The methylation status of the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter is one of the most essential predictive biomarkers for patients with GBM treated with TMZ. Patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter (umMGMT), who comprise 60% of patients with GBM, present an even worse prognosis because of TMZ resistance. Radiotherapy with various fractionation, chemotherapy compensating for TMZ, targeted therapy against diverse oncogenic pathways, immunotherapy of vaccine or immune checkpoint inhibitor, and tumor treating fields have been studied in umMGMT GBM patients. However, most efforts have yielded negative results or merely minimal improvements. Therefore, effective patient subgroup selection concerning precision medicine has become the focus. By assigning different treatments to the corresponding patient subgroups, a better curative effect and subsequently prolonged survival can be achieved. In this review, we re-evaluate the value of standard TMZ therapy and summarize the new clinical strategies and attempts to treat patients with umMGMT, which yielded positive and negative results, to provide alternative treatment options and discuss future directions of umMGMT GBM treatment.
Biallelic mutations in calcium release activated channel regulator 2A (CRACR2A) cause a primary immunodeficiency disorder

CRAC channel regulator 2 A (CRACR2A) is a large Rab GTPase that is expressed abundantly in T cells and acts as a signal transmitter between T cell receptor stimulation and activation of the Ca2+-NFAT and JNK-AP1 pathways. CRACR2A has been linked to human diseases in numerous genome-wide association studies, however, to date no patient with damaging variants in CRACR2A has been identified. In this study, we describe a patient harboring biallelic variants in CRACR2A [paternal allele c.834 gaG> gaT (p.E278D) and maternal alelle c.430 Aga > Gga (p.R144G) c.898 Gag> Tag (p.E300*)], the gene encoding CRACR2A. The 33-year-old patient of East-Asian origin exhibited late onset combined immunodeficiency characterised by recurrent chest infections, panhypogammaglobulinemia and CD4+ T cell lymphopenia. In vitro exposure of patient B cells to a T-dependent stimulus resulted in normal generation of antibody-secreting cells, however the patient’s T cells showed pronounced reduction in CRACR2A protein levels and reduced proximal TCR signaling, including dampened SOCE and reduced JNK phosphorylation, that contributed to a defect in proliferation and cytokine production. Expression of individual allelic mutants in CRACR2A-deleted T cells showed that the CRACR2AE278D mutant did not affect JNK phosphorylation, but impaired SOCE which resulted in reduced cytokine production. The truncated double mutant CRACR2AR144G/E300* showed a pronounced defect in JNK phosphorylation as well as SOCE and strong impairment in cytokine production. Thus, we have identified variants in CRACR2A that led to late-stage combined immunodeficiency characterized by loss of function in T cells.
Association between Vitamin D and Dental Caries in a Sample of Canadian and American Preschool-Aged Children

Background: Inadequate vitamin D levels may increase the risk of caries during childhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) in preschool children. Methods: Data were obtained from children <72 months of age in two case–control studies in Winnipeg, Manitoba and Richmond, Virginia. Serum analysis assessed 25(OH)D, calcium and parathyroid concentrations. Data on demographics, dental history and oral hygiene were obtained via questionnaires. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between demographic and biological variables and S-ECC. A p-value of ≤0.05 was significant. Results: Data were available for 200 children with S-ECC and 144 caries-free controls. Children with S-ECC had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than those who were caries-free (p < 0.001), and children with deficient 25(OH)D levels were 10 times more likely to have S-ECC (p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed that having higher 25(OH)D and calcium concentrations (p = 0.019 and p < 0.0001, respectively), as well as being breastfed in infancy (p < 0.001), were significantly and independently associated with lower odds of S-ECC, while dental insurance (p = 0.006) was associated with higher odds of S-ECC. Conclusions: This study provides additional evidence of an association between nutritional status, specifically vitamin D and calcium levels, and S-ECC.
Mitosis-related gene CENP-U as a potential biomarker in malignancy

Background Centromere protein U (CENP-U) is a component of the kinetochore and can regulate the cell cycle as a receptor of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Recent studies have partially identified the role of CENP-U in tumor progression, but the underlying mechanisms of CENP-U in tumor immunity remain obscure. Methods We performed pan-cancer analysis to evaluate the role of CENP-U in immunity and proliferation with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) datasets, and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Results of CENP-U expression and related clinicopathological data were obtained to show the expression levels, prognosis, tumor progression, immune neoantigens, and immune checkpoints of CENP-U in 33 tumors. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) dataset was used to analyze immune infiltration scores. Results Results of the pan-cancer analysis demonstrated that CENP-U is differentially expressed in normal tissues and common tumor tissues. Moreover, differentially expressed CENP-U was also identified between matched normal and tumor tissues, and the high expression level of CENP-U was associated with poor prognosis for 33 kinds of tumor except for that of thymoma (THYM) and lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC). Furthermore, the correlation between CENP-U expression and immune checkpoints and immune neoantigens was determined. In addition, CENP-U expression was correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells especially in THYM but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), or lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that CENP-U is critically involved in tumor proliferation, immunity, and metabolism. Conclusions CENP-U, a mitosis-related kinase, was found to be differentially expressed across different cancer types and to play an important role in tumor progression and immunity. CENP-U holds the potential to be a prognostic marker, whose targeting may provide therapeutic benefit.
Optoelectronic integrated tristable device with optically controlled set and reset functions

An optical tristable device with optically controlled set and reset functions is developed for the first time. The device structure is a vertical and direct integration of four heterojunction phototransistors and a laser diode. Two HPTs (HPT-A and HPT-B) which are integrated just above the LD stripe are utilized to achieve the set operation, where the internal optical feedback from the LD to the HPTs takes an important role in the operation. On the other hand, an HPT (HPT-C or HPT-D) integrated slightly away from the position for the set operation is used to achieve the reset operation. The optical feedback from the LD to the HPT- A and the HPT-B is suppressed by the current bypass through the HPT-C connected to both ends of the LD.
Internal Loading of the Foot and Ankle during Impact in Running

A 3-D model was used in this study to determine the influence of midsole hardness, as well as the influence of running in shoes in comparison to barefoot, on the contact forces in the joints of the foot and ankle during running. The results showed that there were no statistical differences in the magnitude and rate of joint loading for changing midsole hardness, nor were there any general trends observed in the measured variables. However, both the magnitude and rate of loading in the subtalar and ankle joints during the impact phase were found to be greater in the barefoot condition than the shod condition. The results suggest that if running injuries are assumed to be related to the impact of heel-strike, running in shoes may aid in preventing injuries, whereas it is still questionable whether changes in the midsole hardness have a general influence on the incidence of impact-related injuries.
Soft Skills Integration into Business Processes Based on the Requirements of Employers—Approach for Sustainable Education

This paper deals with the issue of increasing the quality and sustainability of education at universities regarding the requirements of employers. Employers’ expectations of university graduates in terms of soft skills are analysed and outlined. The employers participating in this study answered a questionnaire survey focused on understanding university graduates’ soft skills. The collected results were subjected to the method of mathematical–statistical analysis by nonparametric testing of significance of the mean value difference. The significance of the difference for individual skills was confirmed, demonstrating that the surveyed enterprises required and anticipated a level of soft skills development on the part of recent graduates that was insufficient. This finding implies the necessity of improving university education to match the expected and real state of soft skill mastery.
CIB Agenda 21 for sustainable construction: why, how and what

CIB's efforts to create an Agenda 21 for the construction sector are introduced here. CIB's unique position within the international construction community allowed it to initiate a specific sectorial response to the international agendas raised by Brundtland, Habitat II, Rio and Kyoto. CIB's recognition of the problems in establishing both a framework for sustainable development; how change within industry occurs, along with CIB's past, current and proposed activities meant that CIB was perfectly suited to respond to sustainable development. This CIB-led project resulted in global collaboration and co-ordination to specifically address sustainable development for the construction community. Situated between the broad international agendas and more local and subsectorial agendas, CIB's Agenda 21 is a conceptual framework that serves as an intermediary and provides for comparison and co-ordination. The three principal objectives are: to create a global framework and terminology that will add value to nation.