Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achieving a child focus? : a study of child protection conferences in cases of neglect

The child protection conference is a key part of the child protection process in England and other UK countries. This study sought to explore how child focused these meetings are in cases of child neglect and the factors which affect child focused information sharing, assessment and decision making. The study used an interpretivist approach and mix of qualitative methods. Data were gathered from two areas in three stages: audio recordings of 14 child protection conferences, documentary analysis of the reports from these meetings, interviews with 26 staff who chair or minute conferences and six focus groups with practitioners from a range of agencies. The thesis proposes a model of child focused practice which considers the individual child’s experience of child neglect, draws on knowledge of their daily life, promotes the active engagement of children and young people in child protection processes and decisions; and is orientated towards promoting child welfare outcomes which directly relate to the individual child’s experiences and circumstances. This concept is examined through consideration of the stages of the conference. It details how the work of practitioners prior to the conference, in their assessments with families and production of reports, can shape the child focus of the meeting. The influence of child and family participation in conferences is assessed and the meeting itself is explored through analysis of the conference discussion and the decision making and planning which takes place. The study found that practitioners can find it difficult to be explicit about child neglect in conferences. The thesis argues that factors such as the family’s participation, the role of the chair and the competence of practitioners can influence the degree to which the conference is child focused. The extent to which a child protection conference can be considered child focused and the implications of this for theory and practice are explored.
The Impact of a Use of Self Development Intervention on Police Officers: A Case Study

This research study determined how a facilitated Use of Self development workshop series impacts a group of police officers, from their perspective as well as from the perspective of individuals from their immediate workgroup, colleagues or family members. The researcher received approval from three municipal law enforcement agencies in the Twin Cities area of Minnesota and recruited participants from these three agencies to partake in a workshop series aimed to develop the participants Use of Self. The workshop series included four full day sessions, at least one week apart. The workshops heavily relied on experiential learning and required the participants to apply the learning to events in their lives, using the “Use of Self Cycle for Reflection”, a model developed by the researcher to allow the participants to better understand what the individual is contributing to the event and be their best self in the future. Based on this research, police officers can benefit from participating in a Use of Self development workshop series. THE USE OF SELF IN POLICING 5
Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China

Background: Since December 2019, acute respiratory disease (ARD) due to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China. We sought to delineate the clinical characteristics of these cases. Methods: We extracted the data on 1,099 patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV ARD from 552 hospitals in 31 provinces/provincial municipalities through January 29th, 2020. Results: The median age was 47.0 years, and 41.90% were females. Only 1.18% of patients had a direct contact with wildlife, whereas 31.30% had been to Wuhan and 71.80% had contacted with people from Wuhan. Fever (87.9%) and cough (67.7%) were the most common symptoms. Diarrhea is uncommon. The median incubation period was 3.0 days (range, 0 to 24.0 days). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the typical radiological finding on chest computed tomography (50.00%). Significantly more severe cases were diagnosed by symptoms plus reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction without abnormal radiological findings than non-severe cases (23.87% vs. 5.20%, P<0.001). Lymphopenia was observed in 82.1% of patients. 55 patients (5.00%) were admitted to intensive care unit and 15 (1.36%) succumbed. Severe pneumonia was independently associated with either the admission to intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or death in multivariate competing-risk model (sub-distribution hazards ratio, 9.80; 95% confidence interval, 4.06 to 23.67). Conclusions: The 2019-nCoV epidemic spreads rapidly by human-to-human transmission. Normal radiologic findings are present among some patients with 2019-nCoV infection. The disease severity (including oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, blood leukocyte/lymphocyte count and chest X-ray/CT manifestations) predict poor clinical outcomes.
Treated basalt fibers reinforced nylon 6,6/epoxy hybrid nanofibril composites

Basalt fiber was first treated in a mixture of formic acid (FA) and dichloromethane (DCM) to reduce its diameter down to one micrometer. Electrospinning process was utilized to produce treated basalt fiber (TBF)-reinforced nylon 6,6/epoxy (NY/EP) hybrid nanofibril composites. NY/EP polymers have been dissolved in 80:20 mixture of FA/DCM solvent to form a homogenous solution. TBFs with different weight ratios of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt% were added to NY/EP (ratio of 5:1). The morphology of the hybrid nanocomposites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and their compositions were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties of the hybrid nanocomposites, including tensile strength and modulus, are improved with respect to NY/EP hybrid nanofibers. An increase of 76% and 87% in tensile strength and Young’s modulus was acquired, respectively, at 15 wt% of TBF. Also, the addition of TBF increased the thermal stability of nanofibril composites.
The Growing Phenomenon of Money Rituals-Motivated Killings in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation into the Factors Responsible

This study investigated how beliefs in magical powers and related sacred activities, particularly those that accept human body parts for ritual sacrifices in return for fortunes, alongside poverty, unemployment, and quest for wealth as predictors responsible for the increase in money ritual–related killings in Ilorin Emirate of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 1736 respondents were selected using simple random sampling techniques. The instrument employed for data collection was a questionnaire. In addition, the information gathered was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results indicated that the increase in money ritual–related killings in Ilorin Emirate is a result of the general belief that ritual sacrifices enhance fortunes, the boundless desire for material wealth among Nigerians, unemployment, and poverty in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper suggests that there should be public enlightenment in all languages spoken in Nigeria about the dangers in associating individual success with spiritual influences.
Fire Affects Asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Southern Amazon Forests

In this study, we investigate the biogeochemical consequences of fire in seasonally flooded Amazon forests, where recent declines in forest cover have been linked to increases in fire frequency and severity. Previous studies have hypothesized that a quasi‐permanent state‐shift transition from typical Amazon forests to open savannas can occur when fire results in further depletion of already impoverished soil nutrient pools. Asymbiotic N2 fixation (ANF) is an essential pathway for fire‐affected forests to acquire nitrogen (N) after disturbance, but ANF response to fire has yet to be quantified in Amazonia. Here, we quantify ANF through field sampling and laboratory incubations using 15N‐labeled dinitrogen (15N2) and measurement of 14 biogeochemical parameters in surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–30 cm) soils. Our data represent burned and unburned replicated sampling sites, across five stands, spanning a gradient from infrequent (once in 13 years) to frequent (five times in 13 years) fire occurrences. ANF did not vary with fire frequency but was, on average, 24% lower in burned than in unburned surface soils across all stands. Burned and unburned subsurface soils had similar ANF rates. About 58% of ANF variance was explained by the joint effect of carbon (C):N ratio and available phosphorus (P) in burned and unburned soils. ANF increased linearly with C:N and P availability in unburned soils, but a highly non‐linear relationship was observed in burned soils. Our findings show that fire alters soil C‐to‐nutrient stoichiometry, which resulted in lower N inputs via ANF into burned relative to unburned tropical forest soils.
Assessment of Thalassia hemprichii seagrass metrics for biomonitoring of environmental status

Seagrass has long been known to be very sensitive to environmental changes, especially caused by human activities and has been used as a bioindicator for environmental condition of ecosystems. This research aimed to study 19 Thalassia hemprichii metrics (10 measured and 9 derived metrics) at two organizational levels (individual and population), to explore and confirm these metrics for development of a multimetric index of environmental quality. Seagrass meadows was selected along a gradient of an anthropogenic disturbance at Kepulauan Seribu (inhabited and uninhabited locations, fixed effect, namedly Status), 4 sites for each location (random effect nested in status) within intertidal and subtidal zones (random effect across Sites). We also briefly described about social-ecological system of seagrass being studied using a qualitative network model, for an understanding of interaction that affects the exploited seagrass ecosystems. The significance of variability between states, sites, and zones were examined using linear mixed effect model followed by exploratory factor analysis in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) framework (E/CFA strategy) to explore and confirm adequacy of the metrics as indicators for two-factor organizational levels (individual and population). Based on the analysis, leaf surface area, leaf wide, leaf area index, density, rhizome diameter, and Thalassia hemprichii cover differed significantly at the scale of interest and represented two levels of organizational levels (individual and population).
Improved Sampling in Ab Initio Free Energy Calculations of Biomolecules at Solid-Liquid Interfaces: Tight-Binding Assessment of Charged Amino Acids on TiO2 Anatase (101)

Atomistic simulations can complement the scarce experimental data on free energies of molecules at bio-inorganic interfaces. In molecular simulations, adsorption free energy landscapes are efficiently explored with advanced sampling methods, but classical dynamics is unable to capture charge transfer and polarization at the solid–liquid interface. Ab initio simulations do not suffer from this flaw, but only at the expense of an overwhelming computational cost. Here, we introduce a protocol for adsorption free energy calculations that improves sampling on the timescales relevant to ab initio simulations. As a case study, we calculate adsorption free energies of the charged amino acids Lysine and Aspartate on the fully hydrated anatase (101) TiO2 surface using tight-binding forces. We find that the first-principle description of the system significantly contributes to the adsorption free energies, which is overlooked by calculations with previous methods.
Hemodynamic Effects of Ventilation and Ventilatory Maneuvers

© 2001 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The cardiocirculatory-respiratory system is a complex and highly integrated system that balances the ever changing and often conflicting metabolic demands of the body in a smooth fashion over a remarkably wide range of metabolic demands and constraints that life creates. The system includes such varied functional structures as the left and right atria (LA and RA, respectively) and ventricles (LV and RV, respectively) and the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. It works in an environment of differential extravascular pressures that reflect the tissue surface pressures of the major body compartments, thorax, abdomen, cranium, and muscular tissue spaces. The system’s response to the varying demands and field conditions are profoundly influenced by myocardial reserve, vascular resistance, circulating blood volume, blood flow distribution, autonomic tone, and endocrinological processes, as well as by baseline lung volume and its change, intrathoracic pressure (ITP), and the surrounding pressures for the remainder of the circulation, as induced by the mechanical and spontaneous breath. It should not be surprising, therefore, that dramatically different hemodynamic responses to similar ventilatory maneuvers can occur among subjects. These concepts have been previously described by our group (1-13) and others (14-18). The reader is referred to these prior reviews for greater in-depth discussions of the specific physiologic details discussed below. This chapter will focus primarily on the clinical application of these principals in common condi- 184 Pinsky tions and as a physiological paradigm for the reader to understand better the subsequent chapters in Section IV for specific disease states.
Mental health diagnoses in persons with an intellectual disability : how health practitioners overcome the challenges.

Legislative changes in line with changing societal perspectives have resulted in increased service pressure on primary health practitioners to take further responsibility for the assessment and treatment of co-morbid psychiatric disorders in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and for secondary and tertiary level services to reduce waitlists. The unique attributes of the ID population and a core lack of training for health professionals in the ID field has resulted in a large number of practitioners feeling under-trained and under-resourced to carry out this role effectively, to the potential detriment of the ID population. The challenges health practitioners experience when diagnosing co-morbid mental health disorders in individuals with ID and how they overcome these challenges was explored in this study. Participants were health practitioners of varying professions, including Psychiatrists, Clinical Psychologists and General Practitioners. Health practitioners completed an online survey and/or partook in a focus group or individual interview. The method used in this research was thematic analysis. The study found that health practitioners use holistic and contextual approaches to carry out assessments of individuals with ID, utilise ID specific tools, and liaise with experienced, specialised health practitioners as ways of dealing with the complexity of diagnosing co-morbid mental health difficulties in individuals with ID. In addition, it is recommended that more training in the ID area is provided for health practitioners, particularly for GPs in light of recent policy changes with emphasis of assessment and treatment occurring at the primary health level and for best practice guidelines to be developed. A further research project is suggested, exploring specific challenges facing GPs in this area of practice.
Institutional factors and the impact of international financial reporting standards: the Central and Eastern European experience

ABSTRACT We examine the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the institutional context of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) member countries of the European Union. Extending prior IFRS research with national or multi-country regional insights from CEE, we investigate both firm-level financial reporting benefits and country-level benefits, together with the cost–benefit relationships involved, following from IFRS adoption. We survey expert professionals employed by Big 4 firms, acting as auditors and/or consultants in the application of IFRS, in locations across ten CEE countries. Financial reporting benefits, which are mainly firm-related, are perceived to have been realised to a higher extent than country-level benefits. Our analyses of micro-level institutional factors suggest that the accounting and auditing profession was the most valuable resource in the IFRS adoption process in CEE. A serious adoption process at the micro-level, signalled by high levels of perceived difficulties and regulatory impediments, along with resources available at the country-level and enforcement initiatives, is associated with financial reporting benefits. Country-level benefits are perceived to have materialised to a higher extent in countries with a lower quality of institutions, but with more organisational enablers available at the micro-institutional level. Benefits are perceived to exceed costs to a lesser extent in larger countries and in those with stronger institutions. This perception might be driven by higher expectations from IFRS in countries allocating more resources to IFRS and already having a more developed infrastructure. Overall, the benefits from IFRS adoption are perceived to overcome the costs in the long term.
Role of Nampt overexpression in a rat model of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and its mechanism of action

The present study was designed to investigate the role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) overexpression in a rat model of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and its mechanism of action. A rat model of HT was constructed, and the HT rats were injected with an adenoviral expression vector carrying the Nampt gene. The expression of Nampt and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in thyroid tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC), RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were measured using chemiluminescence method. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and IHC staining of the rat thyroid tissues showed destroyed thyroid follicles and monocyte infiltration, as well as increased Nampt expression in the thyroid tissues of rats with HT. Furthermore, it was found that Nampt overexpression led to increased severity of inflammatory infiltration in thyroid tissues and increased levels of TPOAb in the serum of HT rats; however, the serum TGAb level was not affected by Nampt overexpression. In addition, Nampt overexpression promoted TLR4 expression in HT rats. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that Nampt was strongly expressed in the capillary region of HT rats thyroid tissues. The Nampt mRNA level was increased but the Nampt protein level was decreased in the thyroid tissues of rats with HT. Nampt overexpression has a promotive effect on HT progression, and this effect was related to TLR4. This study suggests that inhibition of Nampt activity may be valuable in the treatment of HT.
What do college students do and think about IT ethics

Ethics has become a part of many Information Technology (IT) and business classes at colleges and universities. However, the way of teaching IT ethical behavior is sometimes non-effective. Yet, many current ethical issues related to emerging technologies such as big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are not considered at all. The paper aims to explore relationships between students’ demographics and inclination towards unethical behavior. The study presents results of a multinational survey conducted with convenience samples of college students at public universities in seven countries from Europe, Africa and North America between October 2017 and January 2018. The survey instrument contained items reporting on perceived importance of IT ethics issues, personal experience with them, and several demographics questions. Data analysis is done with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and F-tests. We conclude that nationality, gender, degree year, computer skills and perception of the importance of IT ethics are significantly related with behavior. Perceptions and behavior of students evolve with the rapid pace of technology, which should be a major concern both for educators and business managers as they would recruit prospective employees from the current students.
“Just another drug” for marginalized users: The risks of using synthetic cathinones among NSP clients in the Czech Republic

ABSTRACT Background: In several EU countries, synthetic cathinone (SC) use has spread among injecting drug users (IDUs); it has been linked to risk of dependence and HIV/HCV transmission. Aims: To analyze the association between dependence and risky injecting practice with experimental and repeated SC use in the past 12 months among the clients of needle-syringe programs in the Czech Republic. Methods: IDUs in six locations in the Czech Republic were surveyed in 2013 and 2014 (n = 463). Single-predictor multinomial logit models were run to determine SC use upon the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) and risky injecting practice; the same predictors were included in the multivariate model with confounders. Findings: SDS score and risky injecting practice were significantly associated with repeated SC use in single-predictor models but not in the multivariate model; SC experimentation was linked to young and male respondents and those who lived in a larger city (>50,000); predictors of repeated SC use were homelessness (AOR = 3.2), co-occurring use of stimulants and opioids (AOR = 4.3), and use of cannabis (AOR = 2.4) in the past month. Conclusions: Repeated SC use was associated with poly-drug use and homelessness; given the rather inferior status of SCs among IDUs, their users face a risk of stigmatization and further marginalization.
STUDENT USE OF SCAFFOLDING RESOURCES IN A HYBRID COURSE: EVIDENCE FROM EYE-TRACKING

The inclusion of technology in education has opened the door for more innovative methods of teaching. By integrating technology, instructors can leverage the individualized nature of self-guided learning while maintaining a classroom structure. A commonly used approach to this mix of technology and pedagogy is hybrid learning, which includes a student-driven component in which students interact with online materials outside of the classroom and then engage in collaborative work or problem-solving activities during class time. The purpose of this study is to examine how the students interact with online learning materials as they learn how to solve problems in a hybrid construction engineering course. The students’ online behaviors and gaze movements were recorded using eye-tracking technology, and the findings were analyzed to understand how students used various scaffolding resources embedded in the online environment. The results indicated that the students each developed their unique strategies for accessing resources and completing the online module; however, a single strategy did not emerge as more effective than the others. Rather, the online component of the hybrid classroom provided flexibility and opportunities for self-paced learning.