Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Criteria Considered by Accounting Faculty When Selecting and Prescribing Textbooks - A South African Study

The importance of textbooks in education is widely acknowledged. In South Africa, there is a scarcity of studies on accounting textbook selection criteria. This article describes the criteria considered important by accounting faculty when selecting prescribed textbooks. The survey sample included 122 accounting faculty at 13 South African Institute of Chartered Accountant accredited universities. The findings provide insight into criteria that accounting faculty consider important when selecting textbooks for prescription, such as up-to-date text material and comprehensibility to students. The results of the study may assist faculty when considering textbooks for selection and authors and publishers take cognisance of the importance attached to criteria when considering future editions of textbooks.
The urine level of calcium to creatinine ratio in children suffering from urolithiasis

Background and purpose: Differences of race, region and type of diet can be effective in the urinary excretion of calcium. Calcium stones are the most common kidney stones. The most common metabolic disorder predisposing to stone formation is hypercalcuiria. The aim of this study was to comparison the urine level of calcium to creatinine ratio in children suffering from urolithiasis and the control group. Materials and methods: In this case-control study, the children of 1 month to 15 years of age with urinary stone returned to Nephrology clinic of Taleghani Hospital (Gorgan, Iran), as case group, and other children referred to this center without kidney stone in urinary tract in ultrasonography, as controls, were studied. The ratio of calcium to creatinine was analyzed in 202 cases and 302 controls. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: In the age groups of under 7 month (27.5% vs. 4%), 7 month to 2 years (33.3% vs. 0%), and older than two year (73.5% vs. 14.4%), calcium to creatinine ratio was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the ratio of urine calcium to urine creatinine in children suffering from urolithiasis was higher than control group. Therefore, using this ratio to screen amonge predisposed cases can be
The impact of metformin on cardiovascular markers in type 1 diabetes :MERIT study

I ACKNOWLEDGMENT . III DEDICATION . V PUBLICATION . VI CONTENTS . VII LIST OF FIGURES . XIII LIST OF TABLES . XIX ABBREVIATION . XXI 1 CHAPTER 1: DIABETES AND METFORMIN . 1 1.1 Diabetes mellitus . 2 1.1.1 Type 1 diabetes mellitus . 3 1.2 Circulatory markers of vascular repair and damage in diabetes mellitus 11 1.2.1 Endothelial progenitor cells . 11 1.2. 2 Circulatory Endothelial Cells . 12 1.2. 3 Microparticle . 12 1.2. 4 MicroRNA . 13 1.2. 5 Cytokines and peripheral blood mononuclear cell . 14 1.3 Metformin . 15 1.3. 1 Structure of biguanide . 15 1.3. 2 Pharmacokinetic profile of metformin . 18 1.3. 3 General action of metformin . 19 1.3. 4 Efficacy of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus . 19 1.3. 5 Efficacy of metformin in type 1 diabetes mellitus . 20 1.3. 6 Action on AMPK pathway. 20 1.3. 7 Cardiovascular effect of Metformin . 23 1.4 Conclusion . 24 2 CHAPTER 2: STUDY AIMS AND HYPOTHESIS . 25 2.1 Study aims . 26 2.1.1 Primary aim . 26
Health Literacy and Obesity Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders in the U.S.

Objectives: Our purpose was to describe relationships between demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and health literacy among Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHPIs). Design and Sample: In this cross-sectional survey, we interviewed 364 NHPI adults. Measures: We used Newest Vital Sign (NVS), a health literacy tool; measured heights and weights; and demographic questions. Results: According to participants’ NVS scores, 45.3% had at least a possibility of low health literacy. Lower NVS scores were associated with increased BMI (r = -0.12, p = 0.027) and increased age (r = -0.26, p < 0.001). Higher NVS scores were associated with higher incomes (r = 0.21, p = 0.001) and higher education (r = 0.27, p < 0.001). Women scored significantly better than men (t = -2.0, p = 0.05). Participants’ NVS scores in Hawaii vs. Utah were not significantly different (t = .26, p = 0.80). Conclusions: Pathways to health literacy are complex; however, age, income, education, and BMI explained a modest 19.95% of the combined variance in NVS scores. Public health nurses working to improve health literacy could include review of critical information on nutrition facts labels, frequently used calculations, and application of this information when making food choices.
Serious Illness Disclosure - Preference of Bahraini Patients

Conclusion and Recommendations: The results of this study conclude that the majority of patients want to know the fact of the illness including any bad news. And the majority preferred to participate in the management plan of the disease. Given the results of this study, it is reasonable to conclude that improvements can be made in the ways the diagnostic disclosure is handled.
The emerging radiographer’s transient community service professional career pathway

Background Post-qualification regulatory 12-month community service (CS) was implemented in South Africa in 1998. Since the implementation, studies have been conducted in various disciplines to measure the impact on health services and on the affected professionals, but these did not include radiography professionals. Aim This study explored the expectations and experiences of student radiographers in respect of the CS concept as an integral transitional career pathway from the student radiographer role to that of a provisional practitioner in transit to acquiring registered radiographer practitioner status. Research methods The research design entailed a qualitative exploratory approach using a longitudinal data collection approach. That is, data collection from the purposefully selected student radiographers’ focus group discussions, as well as from placement institutions’ qualified professionals and managers, formed the triangulated data sources. In addition, individual interviews were conducted post-placement until data and thematic saturation had been reached. Tesch’s (1990) method was used for the data interpretation and analysis. Results The themes that emerged reflected the preparedness of these students to fulfil the requirements, their experiences of their anticipated placement institution, preparedness for their roles and responsibilities and uncertainties about their readiness for the actual encounter. A golden thread throughout was critical self-reflection on their ability, adaptability and capability to meet the requirements of the system, namely the community placement institutions and appeasing the Department of Health. Conclusion The study illustrates, by means of a framework, the student radiographers’ journey in transit to acquiring eligibility as registered radiography practitioners in a regulated career pathway.
Concurrent paclitaxel/carboplatin/infusional 5-FU/radiation therapy (RT) with or without subsequent esophageal resection in patients with localized esophageal cancer: A Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network trial

4018 Background: Optimal treatment for patients (pts) with localized esophageal cancer is unclear. In various reported trials, results with concurrent chemotherapy/RT have been comparable to results with treatment programs containing surgical resection. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of preoperative concurrent paclitaxel/carboplatin/5FU/RT in a large phase II trial (41% 3-yr PFS). In this trial, we attempt to further define the role of surgical resection by randomizing pts to resection vs completion of full dose RT, following the same preop therapy. Methods: Eligibility: untreated esophageal/GE junction squamous or adenocarcinoma; clinical stage I-III; surgical candidate; ECOG PS 0–2; adequate organ function; informed consent. All pts received paclitaxel 200mg/m2 IV and carboplatin AUC 6.0 IV, days 1 & 22; 5-FU 225mg/m2/day, 24-h continuous infusion, days 1–42; radiation therapy 45 Gy (1.8 Gy single daily fractions). After completion of preop treatment, pts were randomized to either surgical rese.
Hormone receptors: their role in predicting prognosis and response to endocrine therapy.

This review highlights some of the recent advances in the use of steroid receptors for management of breast cancer patients and pinpoints needs for future clinical trials. Estrogen receptor (ER) assays are now being used to predict responsiveness to endocrine therapy in patients with advanced disease; hence attempts are now underway to determine their usefulness in deciding whether or not to include endocrine therapy in an adjuvant regimen. As an effort preliminary to an actual adjuvant trial 145 patients with operable breast cancer and an ER assay were examined for recurrence and survival. The data show that irrespective of age nodal status size of tumor or location of tumor patients with ER- tumors recurred earlier than those with ER+. Also survival was adversely affected in patients with ER- tumors supporting the notion that ERtumors are more aggressive in their growth behavior. Consequently though not unequivically patients with ER- tumors respond with a much higher objective rate to chemotherapy than ER+ subjects; this notion is based on the assumption that tumor aggressiveness and responsiveness to chemotherapy are determined primarily by ER status rather than menopausal status but this assumption is unproven until a placebo trial is carried out. In premenopausal patients a combination of ovariectomy plus either antiestrogen or aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone is preferred over combination chemotherapy; in postmenopausal patients either antiestrogens or aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone would be effective. Progesterone receptor (PR) and its correlation to tumor status is now under investigation. Early results show that a response rate of 14% occurred in ER- PR- subjects; and the presence of both receptors is associated with the highest response rate.
Perioperative And Histological Comparison Of Endoscopic Vs. Open Vein Harvesting On Saphenous Vein For Coronary Artery Bypasses Grafting Patients

And Histological Comparison Of Vs. Open Abstract Aims: The target of this study was to make a comparison between endoscopic saphenous vein harvest (EVH) and open harvest (OVH) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Histological study was the main purpose to evaluate. Methods : Forty patients prepared for CABG were haphazardly distributed into two groups: an EVH and OVH group. Perioperative data of patients were sorted until six months postoperatively. Histological studies were done for samples taken from each harvested vein during the surgery. Results : The time of vein harvesting, post-operative leg pain, operation cost, wound healing and infection (in 1st postoperative month), Patient satisfaction, cosmoses, early mobilization and hospital length of stay are considered in this study. All that parameter were found that were statistically significantly better in the EVH group postoperatively. At the level of histological examinations of the vein grafts, there was no significant difference in the graft quality in the EVH and the OVH groups. Conclusions : The study confirmed the superiority of EVH at the level of the leg pain, wound healing, infection incidence, hospital stay and patient satisfaction. The clinical and histological results make an impression about equality in graft patency in both groups. More investigations and follow up are needed to examine the long-term patency of endoscopic vein grafts harvest.
Detection of Salmonella and Yersinia spp. in uncooked retail chicken meat in Kerala by multiplex PCR

P.Anju, C. Latha, B. Sunil and C. Sethulekshmi MVSc Scholar, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India Associate Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India Associate Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India *Corresponding author
Review of Dietary Reference Intakes for Selected Nutrients Application Challenges and Implications for Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are the most recent set of nutrient-based reference standards, which, together with recommended dietary assessment methods, are used to update estimates of nutrient adequacy for population subgroups. Recent estimates suggest both dietary deficiencies and excesses for selected nutrients among some subgroups. This report takes a critical look at the methods used to set DRIs for energy and six nutrientsâ€”zinc, vitamin A, magnesium, vitamin E, fiber, and potassium. It suggests that errors in dietary recall data may partially explain the deficiencies and excessive intakes. In addition, DRIs for selected nutrients may be based on less than optimal data. Because food and nutrition assistance programs use DRIs to set nutritional objectives, establish benefits, and evaluate outcomes, it is important to understand the issues involved in deriving the DRIs and how to interpret the results of dietary assessments.
Determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy and its regression in people of African ancestry in South Africa

There is substantial evidence to suggest that independent of conventional BP, LV mass (LVM) is higher in African-Americans than in European-Americans a difference that may translate into a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. In the present thesis I assessed whether LVM is similarly elevated in groups of African descent living in Africa, and subsequently whether 24-hour, day or night BP or indices of arterial stiffness could explain the variability in LVM beyond conventional BP in this population group. As there is considerable controversy as to whether 24-hour BP measurements are better predictors of the regression of LVH than conventional BP and whether antihypertensive agents that target the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regress LV hypertrophy (LVH) independent of BP in groups of African descent, in the present thesis I therefore also assessed these questions. In 141 healthy adult participants obtained from a random sample of nuclear families (n=399) of African ancestry living in Soweto, I determined that LVM adjusted for body surface area to the first power was an appropriate allometric signal to account for growth effects on LVM. The allometric signals established in other populations considerably over-adjusted for LVM in the group that I studied with marked negative relations noted. After adjusting for body surface area I noted upper thresholds of LVM index (LVMI) of 134 g/m for men and 112 g/m for women. As compared to thresholds described for other population samples these thresholds were noted to be modestly higher. In 187 women from randomly recruited nuclear families of African ancestry, after appropriate adjustments, conventional BP was as closely associated with LVMI as 24hour BP, and daytime BP was as closely associated with LVMI as night-time BP in women. However, in 110 men from randomly recruited nuclear families of African ancestry, after appropriate adjustments, only night-time BP was associated with LVMI, an effect that was independent of conventional BP (r=0.21, p<0.05). Indices of nocturnal decreases in BP were not associated with LVMI in either gender group. Furthermore, in
Evaluation of women knowledge and attitude regarding cervical cancer early detection

At European level, Romania unfortunately comes first as far as mortality due to cervical cancer is concerned, mortality rate recording a continuous increase due to disease detection in advanced stages. In this context, we followed an assessment of women’s cognitive and attitudinal fund in relation to early detection of cervical cancer, through the application of a questionnaire on a batch of 617 women with ages from 18 to 75-year-old, with various levels of education, residents of Craiova City and communes from Dolj County. Statistic processing of their answers indicates that 43.3% of the inquired subjects have not had a routine gynecological exam for at least seven years (or even never), which is more often found in the subgroup of women from the rural environment, with ages over 35 years and with an elementary educational level (p<0.001). 65.8% of the women have not done a Babes–Papanicolau test for seven years or even never, residence area, age and education level being once again discrimination factors between the subgroups. The reasons usually put forward as a justification for the failure to do the cytological test for the past three years are negligence (23.8%), the lack of information on the existence of such an investigation (18.2%), the absence of a genital pathology (12.8%) or of a medical recommendation (11.8%). Results suggest the need to provide uniform accessibility of the population to health services, by developing and implementing new strategies of educational and sanitary intervention mainly in rural communities.
Determinants of Smoking in Females

Abstract Smoking is the inhalation of smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarette, pipes and cigars. A smoker is a person who has smoked at-least 100 cigarettes and now smokes either every day or some day. Passive smoking is the involuntary inhalation by a nonsmoker of a combination of diluted mainstream and mid - stre-am smoke . Usually it occurs in a closed environment but it can also be a threat in an open environment. The increasing trend of smoking in the community is a ser-ious problem. Objective: To describe various factors associated with smoking in females. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration: Lahore. From April 2012 to September 2012. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted. Total 80 persons were recruited in the study. Selection was made on laid down criteria from only female adult population living in Lahore after taking due consent. Interviews were conducted thro-ugh a pretested questionnaire. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed through SPSS version 16. Results : Overall 17.5% were active smokers and 82.5% were passive smokers. Smokers were mostly young, mean age was 21.91 with standard deviation 2.279. Among them 82.5% had nuclear family struc-ture and 17.5% had a joint family structure. All partici- pants (100%) reported that their parents lived together with no conflict among them, 11.3% reported friendly attitude of parents towards them while 88.8% had str-ict parents. 88.8% participants had parents who smoke while 27.5% had siblings who smoked. Peer pressure was found in 6.3% cases. 15% participants reported to have stress, 42.5% were suffering from depression, whereas 31.3% from anxiety. Conclusion : The determinants of smoking in female were observed as young age, nuclear family structure, parent strictness and parental smoking. Key words: Determinants, females, smoking, psycho-social.
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMILIHAN METODE KONTRASEPSI JANGKA PANJANG (MKJP) PADA AKSEPTOR KB WANITA DI KECAMATAN BANYUBIRU KABUPATEN SEMARANG

One of The National Medium Term Development Plan 2010-2014 indicator is to increase active acceptors of long-term contraceptive method. In Banyubiru subdistrict, the proportion of long-term contraceptive method are low (22,03%). The purpose of this research is to analysed the factors associated preference of long-term contraceptive method among women contraception acceptors in Banyubiru subdistrict. This research was an explanatory research with cross sectional approach. The population were all women of contraception acceptors in Banyubiru subdistrict. The sample were 104 women, used simple random sampling. This research used quisionaire instrument and analyze used chi square test (α=0,05). The result showed that variables which associated preference of long-term contraceptive method are educational level (sig=0,015), knowledge (sig=0,001), support of spouse (sig=0,002), culture (sig=0,004), level of well-being (sig=0,034), communication, information, and education of contraception (sig=0,018). As for age (sig=0,127) and number of children (sig=0,529) were not associated with preference of long-term contraceptive method. Suggestion for KB department in district and subdistrict are planning surveilance program of long-term contraceptive method and increasing the service quality by giving counseling and more information.
Second cancer following cancer of the breast in Connecticut, 1935-82.

Abstract Among 41,109 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1935 and 1982 in Connecticut, 3,984 developed a second cancer, whereas 2,426 were expected [relative risk (RR) = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.6-1.7]. This increased risk persisted for 30 years and was highest in women under 55 years of age at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. Second primary breast cancers (RR = 3.0) accounted for almost one-half of all new neoplasms. However, if subsequent breast cancers were excluded, the risk for all other second cancers was only 1.15 (95% CI = 1.10-1.20), and no excess risk was seen among women over age 55 at initial breast cancer. Significant risks were found for cancers of the ovary (RR = 1.7) and uterine corpus (RR = 1.4), possibly linked with shared reproductive factors such as nulliparity or late age at menopause. Malignant melanoma (RR = 1.5), thyroid cancer (RR = 1.6), and colon cancer (RR = 1.2) were also significantly elevated; possible shared risk factors remain to be elucidated. Significant deficits of multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia were noted. Women who received initial radiotherapy compared with those who did not were at slightly higher risk of developing a second cancer, most notably acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancers of the esophagus, kidney, and connective tissue, although the nature of the associations was not always clear. Some of the soft tissue sarcomas were lymphangiosarcomas of the arm, a consequence of the lymphedema that may complicate radical mastectomy (Stewart-Treves syndrome). Women treated with radiation were at higher risk of developing a second breast neoplasm (RR = 3.9) than nonirradiated women (RR = 2.8). Further investigation should focus on the mechanisms underlying the relationships between breast, genital tract, and colon cancers, and on the effects of treatment modalities on the risk of subsequent neoplasms.
NEW TEST ANNOUNCEMENT: HIGH RISK HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) GENOTYPING

Effective February 9th, Marshfield Labs is offering genotyping of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) for genotypes 16 and 18/45 (Test Code: HPVGENO). HPV genotyping should only be ordered for patients >30 years of age who have discordant co-testing results, i.e., normal cervical cytology and positive for high risk HPV. This test allows providers to make immediate treatment decisions in cases of discordant co-testing.