Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATE POPULATION OF LONG-TAILED MACAQUE MACACA FASCICULARIS (PRIMATES: CERCOPITHECIDAE) IN CALIK RIVER, SOUTH SUMATRA

Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis is recently considered Endangered primate based on the assumption of rapid decline due to the heavy demand in trading. To look at recent data of this Endangered primate, we conduct a mega transect survey on 5 June 2022 and 10-15 June 2022, to assess the populatons on M. fascicularis along 115 km of Calik River, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. We use direct observation to census all individuals of M. fascicularis. Our survey found a total of 1.194 individuals of M. fascicularis were encountered in Calik River. Based on the survey coverage, it is presumed that the population of M. fascicularis in this area could reach 2.000 individuals. Due to the high population, it was confirmed that this primate has become a pest for the major crops of local people. In addition, no indication of hunting or observation of local people who keep M. fascicularis as a pet. Our survey suggests M. fascicularis is the most common species in riverine habitats.
Progress in circRNA-Targeted Therapy in Experimental Parkinson’s Disease

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNA molecules often circularized by backsplicing. Growing evidence implicates circRNAs in the underlying mechanisms of various diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (PD)—the first and second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. In this sense, circSNCA, circHIPK2, circHIPK3, and circSLC8A1 are circRNAs that have been related to the neurodegenerative process of PD. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies on circRNAs have shed light on their roles in the pathobiology of various diseases. Gain-of-function approaches typically employ viral or non-viral vectors that hyperexpress RNA sequences capable of circularizing to form the specific circRNA under investigation. In contrast, loss-of-function studies utilize CRISPR/Cas systems, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), or RNAi techniques to knock down the target circRNA. The role of aberrantly expressed circRNAs in brain pathology has raised a critical question: could circRNAs serve as viable targets for neuroprotective treatments? Translating any oligonucleotide-based therapy, including those targeting circRNAs, involves developing adequate brain delivery systems, minimizing off-target effects, and addressing the high costs of treatment. Nonetheless, RNAi-based FDA-approved drugs have entered the market, and circRNAs have attracted significant attention and investment from major pharmaceutical companies. Spanning from bench to bedside, circRNAs present a vast opportunity in biotechnology for oligonucleotide-based therapies designed to slow or even halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Clustering Perturbation Resilient Instances

Euclidean $k$-means is a problem that is NP-hard in the worst-case but often solved efficiently by simple heuristics in practice. This has lead researchers to study various properties of real-world data sets that allow stable optimal clusters and provably efficient, simple algorithms to recover them. We consider stable instances of Euclidean $k$-means that have provable polynomial time algorithms for recovering optimal cluster. These results often have assumptions about the data that either do not hold in practice or the algorithms are not practical or stable enough with running time quadratic or more in the number of points. We propose simple algorithms with running time linear in the number of points and the dimension that provably recover the optimal clustering on $\alpha$-metric perturbation resilient instances of Euclidean $k$-means. Our results hold even when the instances satisfy $\alpha$-center proximity, a weaker property that is implied by $\alpha$-metric perturbation resilience. In the case when the data contains a certain class of outliers (and only the inliers satisfy $\alpha$-center proximity property), we give an algorithm that outputs a small list of clusterings, one of which is guaranteed to recover the optimal clustering.
Atmospheric Sea Spray Modeling in the North‐East Atlantic Ocean Using Tunnel‐Derived Generation Functions and the SUMOS Cruise Data Set

This study contributes to the communal effort to improve understanding of sea spray generation and transport. For the first time, laboratory‐derived sea spray generation functions (SSGFs) are parameterized in the Meso‐NH mesoscale atmospheric model and are field tested. Formulated from the MATE19 laboratory experiments (Bruch et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00636-y) the two SSGFs are driven by the upwind component of the wave‐slope variance 〈Sx2〉 $\langle {S}_{x}^{2}\rangle $ (herein B21A), or both 〈Sx2〉 $\langle {S}_{x}^{2}\rangle $ and the wind friction velocity cubed u∗3 ${u}_{\ast }^{3}$ (herein B21B). In this first attempt to incorporate the SSGFs in Meso‐NH, the simulations are run without a wave model, and the wave‐wind SSGFs are assumed wind‐dependent. Model evaluation is achieved with a new set of sea spray and meteorological measurements acquired over the 0.1–22.75 μm radius range and U10 1–20 m s−1 wind speeds onboard R/V Atalante during the 25 day SUMOS field campaign in the Bay of Biscay. The B21B SSGF offers particularly good sensitivity to a wide range of environmental conditions over the size range, with an average overestimation by a factor 1.5 compared with measurements, well below the deviations reported elsewhere. B21A also performs well for larger droplets at wind speeds above 15 m s−1. Associated with airflow separation and wave breaking, wave‐slope variance allows to represent multiple wave scales and to scale sea spray generation in the laboratory and the field. Using Meso‐NH simulations we find that sea spray may be transported inland and to altitudes well above the marine atmospheric boundary layer.
The phylogenetic analysis of the new emerging ALV-K revealing the co-prevailing of multiple clades in chickens and a proposal for the classification of ALV-K

Subgroup K avian leukosis virus (ALV-K) is a new subgroup of avian leukosis virus (ALV) that was first defined in 2012 and has been become prevalent in Chinese native chickens in recent years. An in-depth analysis of the genetic diversity of ALV-K was performed in the study. By Blast analysis, the env gene and the sequences of the 25 ALV-K isolates we isolated were found to be closely related to the isolates from Guangdong, Hebei, Jiangsu, and Hubei provinces, China. Further eighty-nine sequences of the gp85 gene of ALV-K strains available were used in the phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses for the classification. ALV-K was divided into two second-order clades (Clades 1.1 and 1.2) and three third-order clades (Clades 1.2.1, 1.2.2, and 1.2.3), indicating that not only 1.1 and 1.2. 3, the two old clades which are prevalent in Japan, but also two new clades (1.2.1, 1.2.2), are co-prevalent in China. The representative strains of each clade were defined for the first time. Notably, Clade 1.2. 2 was found to have a deletion of an amino acid residue in the gp85 gene, which was obviously different from Clades 1.1, 1.2. 1, and 1.2. 3. The proposed classification method will facilitate future studies of ALV-K epidemiology and the comparison of sequences obtained across the world. The first global comprehensive molecular epidemiological analysis was accomplished on the emerging ALV-K.
Uniform decay of energy for a porous thermoelasticity system with past history

Abstract In this paper, we consider a one-dimensional porous thermoelasticity system with past history, which contains a porous elasticity in the presence of a visco-porous dissipation, a macrotemperature effect and temperature difference. We establish the exponential stability of the system if and only if the equations have the same wave speeds, and obtain the energy decays polynomially to zero in the case that the wave speeds of the equations are different.
Analysis of Differences in Long-Term Financial Performance Before and After Stock Split in Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2020

This study aims to examine differences of the company's financial performance as indicated by the Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Total Assets (DAR), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Price Earnings Ratio. Data were obtained from 20 companies that conducted stock splits in 2017 and 2018. The difference test was carried out using Man Whitney using SPSS 25 software. The results showed that the current ratio (CR) did not show a significant difference between 3 years before and 3 years after the stock splits. Debt to total assets (DAR) did not show a significant difference between 3 years before and 3 years after the stock split. Total asset turnover (TATO) did not show a significant difference between 3 years before and 3 years after the stock split. This result is significant at the 10% alpha or 90% confidence interval. Return on assets (ROA) shows a significant difference between 3 years before and 3 years after the stock split. Return on equity (ROE) shows a significant difference between 3 years before and 3 years after the stock split. Price earnings ratio (PER) does not show a significant difference between 3 years before and 3 years after the stock split.
Stochastic stabilisation of wireless networked control systems with lossy multi‐packet transmission

The stochastic stabilisation of networked control systems is investigated with a special focus on the lossy multi-packet transmission in the wireless communication context. The resulting partially available system states due to multi-packet transmission are firstly reconstructed at the controller, and the sufficient conditions for stochastic stability are then given for the closed-loop system, which finally leads to a controller design method with explicit consideration of multi-packet transmission. The proposed theoretical results are verified by both numerical and TrueTime-based examples.
Effectiveness of vocal fold medialization surgery on the swallowing function of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis

Vocal fold medialization surgery is generally considered a phonosurgical procedure for improvement of vocal function in patients with glottic insufficiency. However, the literature describing this procedure for the management of dysphagia is limited. This study aims to assess the effects of medialization surgery on swallowing function in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).
Angiotensin Regulation of Vascular Homeostasis: Exploring the Role of ROS and RAS Blockers

Extensive research has been conducted to elucidate and substantiate the crucial role of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in the pathogenesis of hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, and renal diseases. Furthermore, the role of oxidative stress in maintaining vascular balance has been well established. It has been observed that many of the cellular effects induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) are facilitated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the role of ROS in the physiology of human blood vessels, specifically focusing on its interaction with RAS. Moreover, we delve into the mechanisms by which clinical interventions targeting RAS influence redox signaling in the vascular wall.
Recent developments in systematic sampling: A review

ABSTRACTSystematic sampling is one of the most prevalent sampling techniques. The popularity of the systematic design is mainly due to its practicality. Compared with simple random sampling, it is easier to draw a systematic sample, especially when the selection of sample units is done in the field. In addition, systematic sampling can provide more precise estimators than simple random sampling when explicit or implicit stratification is present in the sampling frame. However, the systematic design has two major drawbacks. First, if the population size is not an integral multiple of the desired sample size, the actual sample size will be random. Second, a single systematic sample cannot provide an unbiased estimator for the sampling variance. Another limitation in the systematic design is that for populations with a periodic component, the efficiency of systematic sampling estimators will be highly dependent on the relation between the length of the period and the sampling interval. In the literature, one.
A Prospective Comparison of Bipolar I and II Subjects with and without Comorbid Cannabis Use Disorders from the COGA Dataset

Objective: The comorbidity of alcohol and substance use disorders among persons with bipolar disorder is elevated, as indicated by epidemiological and clinical studies. Following alcohol use, cannabis is the most frequently used and abused illicit substance among bipolar individuals, and such use may lead to comorbid cannabis use disorders (CUD). Previous research indicated that CUDs were related to a more severe course of bipolar disorder and higher rates of other comorbid alcohol and substance use disorders. Few studies, however, have conducted longitudinal research on this comorbidity. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of CUD on the course of bipolar I and II individuals during a 5-year follow-up. Methods: The characteristics of bipolar disorder, cannabis use disorders, and other alcohol and substance use disorders, as well as comorbid mental disorders, were assessed using a standardized semi-structured interview (SSAGA) at both baseline and the 5-year follow-up. N = 180 bipolar I and II patients were subdivided into groups of with and without comorbid cannabis use disorders (CUD). Results: Of the 77 bipolar I and 103 bipolar II patients, n = 65 (36.1%) had a comorbid diagnosis of any CUD (DSM-IV cannabis abuse or dependence). Comorbid bipolar patients with CUD had higher rates of other substance use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorders, more affective symptoms, and less psychosocial functioning at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. In contrast to previously reported findings, higher rates of anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder complications (e.g., mixed episodes, rapid cycling, and manic or hypomanic episodes) were not found. The effect of CUD on other substance use disorders was confirmed using moderation analyses. Conclusions: A 5-year prospective evaluation of bipolar patients with and without CUD confirmed previous investigations, suggesting that the risk of other substance use disorders is significantly increased in comorbid individuals. CUD has a moderation effect, while no effect was found for other mental disorders. Findings from this study and previous research may be due to the examination of different phenotypes (Cannabis use vs. CUD) and sample variation (family study vs. clinical and epidemiological populations).
Cosmic radiation dose measurements from the RaD‐X flight campaign

The NASA Radiation Dosimetry Experiment (RaD‐X) stratospheric balloon flight mission obtained measurements for improving the understanding of cosmic radiation transport in the atmosphere and human exposure to this ionizing radiation field in the aircraft environment. The value of dosimetric measurements from the balloon platform is that they can be used to characterize cosmic ray primaries, the ultimate source of aviation radiation exposure. In addition, radiation detectors were flown to assess their potential application to long‐term, continuous monitoring of the aircraft radiation environment. The RaD‐X balloon was successfully launched from Fort Sumner, New Mexico (34.5°N, 104.2°W) on 25 September 2015. Over 18 h of flight data were obtained from each of the four different science instruments at altitudes above 20 km. The RaD‐X balloon flight was supplemented by contemporaneous aircraft measurements. Flight‐averaged dosimetric quantities are reported at seven altitudes to provide benchmark measurements for improving aviation radiation models. The altitude range of the flight data extends from commercial aircraft altitudes to above the Pfotzer maximum where the dosimetric quantities are influenced by cosmic ray primaries. The RaD‐X balloon flight observed an absence of the Pfotzer maximum in the measurements of dose equivalent rate.
Heteroepitaxial growth of InGaSb on GaSb/Si(111)–√3 × √3‐Ga surface phase with a two‐step growth method to investigate the impact of high‐quality GaSb buffer layer

An investigation was performed on the heteroepitaxial growth of InxGa1–xSb on GaSb/Si(111)–√3 × √3‐Ga substrate following a two‐step growth method. The buffer layer flux ratio of Ga and Sb has been controlled precisely to grow a high‐quality GaSb layer without twins, whereas the ratio of In and Ga varied for epitaxial InxGa1–xSb layers. The growth conditions during film deposition were kept the same for growth with and without a high‐quality buffer layer of GaSb. The ratio x ranges from 0.75 to 0.9 in steps of 0.05. To analyze and compare the growth, reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) have been performed and studied. It was found that the high‐quality (HQ) GaSb buffer layer is necessary to decrease twins in the growing InGaSb layer.
A simple, non-generational genetic algorithm based on moving averages for multiobjective optimization

This paper proposes a new non-generational genetic algorithm for multiobjective optimization. The novelty in this approach is the use of a moving average to evaluate two things: the number of dominated individuals and the sharing function. Moreover, the proposed solution does less number of comparisons when compared with similar techniques and approaches. This solution has been evaluated on three different problems that are found in the literature and compared to other approaches to tackle them. The results that one sees point to the idea that the proposed algorithm is a feasible and simpler way to deal with multiobjective problems.
Identification of Two Subsets of Subcompartment A1 Associated with High Transcriptional Activity and Frequent Loop Extrusion

Simple Summary Genomic DNA is folded into chromatin interaction patterns contributing to logical control of gene expression in mammalian cells, but how these highly ordered structures form is not yet fully understood. To assess to what extent functional gene activity is relative to the positioning of genes within the 3D nuclear landscape, we analyzed genome-wide gene expression and chromatin conformation capture data together in five distinct types of cells. We observed that 3D chromatin repositioning frequently occurs during cell differentiation, and these chromatin relocations are significantly associated with changes in gene expression levels. A set of genomic loci with extraordinarily high gene density participates in the establishment of common subcompartment A1 across the genome in all these five cells. By contrast, regulatory genomic segments enriched in cell type-specific genes are engaged in the formation of variable A1. Both subsets of subcompartment A1 bearing the strongest euchromatin signals harbor topological domains with frequent intradomain interactions to facilitate gene regulation. Thus, our study links the gene transcriptional levels with their subcompartment positioning, suggesting a key role of both constitutive and regulatory transcriptional activity in the 3D genome organization. Abstract Three-dimensional genome organization has been increasingly recognized as an important determinant of the precise regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells, yet the relationship between gene transcriptional activity and spatial subcompartment positioning is still not fully comprehended. Here, we first utilized genome-wide Hi-C data to infer eight types of subcompartment (labeled A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, and B4) in mouse embryonic stem cells and four primary differentiated cell types, including thymocytes, macrophages, neural progenitor cells, and cortical neurons. Transitions of subcompartments may confer gene expression changes in different cell types. Intriguingly, we identified two subsets of subcompartments defined by higher gene density and characterized by strongly looped contact domains, named common A1 and variable A1, respectively. We revealed that common A1, which includes highly expressed genes and abundant housekeeping genes, shows a ~2-fold higher gene density than the variable A1, where cell type-specific genes are significantly enriched. Thus, our study supports a model in which both types of genomic loci with constitutive and regulatory high transcriptional activity can drive the subcompartment A1 formation. Special chromatin subcompartment arrangement and intradomain interactions may, in turn, contribute to maintaining proper levels of gene expression, especially for regulatory non-housekeeping genes.
The role of financial literacy on the growth outreach of South African microfinance institutions

With the increased emphasis on financial inclusion by developing countries, the emergence, impact and sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs) is considered topical. This paper assesses the influence that financial literacy has on the growth outreach of MFIs, from a South African context. Using an online questionnaire, we collected data from 44 respondents, representing various MFIs in Limpopo, South Africa. In addition, interviews were conducted with four subjects from the regulatory body, MFSA. We applied panel data fixed effects regression, with binary logit component to measure relationships and effects of the variables under study. According to the results, there was strong consensus that financial literacy of MFI clients, proxied by loan portfolio education, and financial budgeting and investment training offered to MFI clients, improves overall MFI growth outreach, and MFI sustainability in the long run. The contribution of this paper is that, since microfinance institutions by mandate, pursue socio-economic goals, many are not geared towards being financially sustainable. However, with the drying up of grants, donor funds, subsidies and other capital injections into MFIs, it is important for them to implement alternative measures to ensure that their borrowers meet their repayment obligations timeously, hence improving institutional growth and sustainability.