Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Related Sleep Disturbances after Initiation of Medical Marijuana Use: Evidence from a Prospective Single Arm Pilot Study

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder experienced by a subgroup of individuals following a life-threatening trauma. Several US states have passed laws permitting the medical use of marijuana (MMJ) by individuals with PTSD, despite very little scientific indication on the appropriateness of marijuana as a therapy for PTSD. This prospective pilot study of adults with confirmed PTSD in Florida (FL) investigated whether PTSD symptoms, sleep quality, affect, and general physical and mental health/well-being improved post-initiation of MMJ treatment. Methods: Participants, N = 15, were recruited from two MMJ clinics in Gainesville and Jacksonville, FL. To be eligible, participants had to be 18 years of age or older, not currently on MMJ, and willing to abstain from recreational marijuana, if using any, until the State Medical Cannabis Card was obtained, screen positive for PTSD. Participants were assessed at baseline (pre-MMJ initiation) and 30 and 70 days post-MMJ initiation using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), PROMIS Global Health V1.2, and semi-structured marijuana and other substance use assessment. Results: PTSD symptom severity as measured by total PCL-5 score improved significantly at 30- and 70-day follow-ups. Similarly, statistically significant reductions in nightmares were reported at 30- and 70-day follow-ups. Corresponding improvements in sleep were noticed with participants reporting increased duration of sleep hours, sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and total PSQI score. Likewise, negative affect and global mental health improved significantly at follow-up. According to the post hoc analyses, the most statistically significant changes occurred between baseline and 30-day follow-up. The exception to this pattern was nightmares, which did not show significant improvement until day 70. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the potential of MMJ in improving patient outcomes for those with PTSD, particularly concerning sleep disturbances, which often do not respond to currently available treatments.
Identification and validation of aging-related genes in atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the clinic. Aging plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of AF. Herein, we aimed to identify the aging-related genes associated with AF using bioinformatics analysis. Transcriptome profiles of AF were obtained from the GEO database. Differential expression analysis was performed to identify AF-specific aging-related genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. Subsequently, the LASSO, SVM-RFE, and MCC algorithms were applied to screen aging-related genes. The mRNA expression of the screened genes was validated in the left atrial samples of aged rapid atrial pacing-induced AF canine models and their counterparts. The ROC curves of them were drawn to evaluate their diagnostic potential. Moreover, CIBERSORT was used to estimate immune infiltration. A correlation analysis between screened aging-related genes and infiltrating immune cells was performed. A total of 24 aging-related genes were identified, which were found to be mainly involved in the FoxO signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, longevity regulating pathway, and peroxisome according to functional enrichment analysis. LASSO, SVM-RFE, and MCC algorithms identified three genes (HSPA9, SOD2, TXN). Furthermore, the expression levels of HSPA9 and SOD2 were validated in aged rapid atrial pacing-induced AF canine models. HSPA9 and SOD2 could be potential diagnostic biomarkers for AF, as evidenced by the ROC curves. Immune infiltration and correlation analysis revealed that HSPA9 and SOD2 were related to immune cell infiltrates. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the potential aging-related genes associated with AF. HSPA9 and SOD2 may play a significant role in the occurrence and development of AF.
The structure of global cultural networks: Evidence from the diffusion of music videos

We apply the independent cascade network inference model to a large database of music videos to infer the structure of the global network of music diffusion. The derived network reveals an intricate topology–fully interconnected, exhibiting a modular structure, and characterized by asymmetric links. We explore the relationship between the identified bilateral cultural diffusion pathways and the geographical and cultural distances among countries, and key socioeconomic interactions such as international trade and migration. Additionally, we use a gravity model to ascertain the factors contributing to both the formation and the intensity of the estimated diffusion channels between countries. Our findings reveal that cultural, geographical, and historical factors serve as primary drivers of musical diffusion, downplaying the importance of economic factors. This study posits that these elements exert considerable force in shaping musical preferences across nations, making the emergence of a homogeneous global musical culture improbable. This exploration adds valuable insights to the discourse on the globalization of music and its potential cultural implications.
Genetic signatures of lineage fusion closely resemble population decline

Abstract Accurate interpretation of the genetic signatures of past demographic events is crucial for reconstructing evolutionary history. Lineage fusion (complete merging, resulting in a single panmictic population) is a special case of secondary contact that is seldom considered. Here, the circumstances under which lineage fusion can be distinguished from population size constancy, growth, bottleneck, and decline were investigated. Multi‐locus haplotype data were simulated under models of lineage fusion with different divergence versus sampling lag times (D:L ratios). These pseudo‐observed datasets also differed in their allocation of a fixed amount of sequencing resources (number of sampled alleles, haplotype length, number of loci). Distinguishability of lineage fusion versus each of 10 untrue non‐fusion scenarios was quantified based on six summary statistics (neutrality tests). Some datasets were also analyzed using extended Bayesian skyline plots. Results showed that signatures of lineage fusion very closely resemble those of decline—high distinguishability was generally limited to the most favorable scenario (D:L = 9), using the most sensitive summary statistics (F S and Z nS), coupled with the optimal sequencing resource allocation (maximizing number of loci). Also, extended Bayesian skyline plots often erroneously inferred population decline. Awareness of the potential for lineage fusion to carry the hallmarks of population decline is critical.
Factors of parental investment in the home language environment in peri-urban China: A mixed methods study

The home language environment is a critical point of investment in early language skills. However, few studies have quantitatively measured the home language environment of low-socioeconomic-status households in non-western settings. This mixed methods study describes the home language environment and early child language skills among households in a low-socioeconomic-status, peri-urban district of Chengdu, China, and identifies factors influencing parental investment in the home language environment. Audio recordings were collected from 81 peri-urban households with children ages 18–24 months and analysed using the Language Environment Analysis (LENATM) system. The Mandarin version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory was administered to each child’s primary caregiver. The quantitative results revealed large variation in home language environments and child language skills among the sample, with relatively low average scores when compared to other Chinese samples. Qualitative interviews with a subset of 31 caregivers revealed that many caregivers face constraints on their knowledge of interactive parenting, compounded, in some households, by time constraints due to work or household responsibilities. The findings indicate a need for increased sources of credible parenting information for peri-urban caregivers of young children to promote investment in the home language environment.
Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed With Guillain-Barré Syndrome at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, From 2000 to 2018

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the leading cause of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis worldwide, emphasizing the importance of epidemiological studies on this condition. Therefore, well-designed epidemiological studies in different populations can provide a better understanding of the characteristics of patients with GBS and the nature of the disease. To our knowledge, no previous study has attempted to describe the characteristics of patients with GBS in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) based on disease subtypes and clinical features in both adult and pediatric patients. This study aimed to assess the frequencies of GBS subtypes and their relationships with patient characteristics and clinical data in a tertiary hospital in Jeddah, KSA. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with GBS between January 2000 and January 2018 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), a tertiary center in Jeddah, KSA. Results: In total, 47 patients with GBS (median age: seven years for pediatric and 36 years for adult patients) were included in the current study. There were six male and three female pediatric patients and 19 male and 19 female adult patients. Among patients with GBS who were classified into a specific electrophysiological subtype (n = 28), 13 (46.2%) had acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), 11 (39%) had an axonal subtype, and four (14%) had Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS). Patients required prolonged hospitalization of approximately 20 ± 22 days (2.83 ± 3.11 weeks). Patients with MFS were more likely to have higher cytoalbuminologic dissociation than those with other subtypes. Conclusion: AIDP was the most frequent type of GBS, followed by the axonal type. Patients required prolonged hospitalization of approximately 20 ± 22 days (2.83 ± 3.11 weeks). Patients with MFS were more likely to have higher cytoalbuminologic dissociation than those with other subtypes. GBS type did not show a relationship with ICU admission or mechanical ventilation use. There was no association between specific therapies and different GBS subtypes and no significant difference in outcomes between different patterns of clinical presentation. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange (PE) treatments both had the same efficacy in relation to outcomes for patients with GBS.
Upper mantle anisotropy at the transition zone of the Saxothuringicum and Moldanubicum in southeast Germany revealed by shear wave splitting

Summary The main structures of the mid-European lithosphere, crossing Europe from the Iberian peninsula to the Bohemian Massif, are predominantly formed by the Variscan orogeny. To investigate the anisotropy of the mantle at the transition zone between the two Variscan units, the Saxothuringicum and the Moldanubicum, we carried out a field experiment in SE Germany in 1995–1996: 23 mobile broad-band stations were installed for 6 months in the Vogtland–Oberpfalz–Bavarian Forest area. The station profile crossed the suture zone of the Saxothuringicum and Moldanubicum near the KTB borehole (German Continental Deep Drilling Program). With a mean station spacing of about 10 km, we intended to obtain a high lateral resolution of the anisotropy parameters and to resolve possible changes when passing the suture zone. The analysis of the observed birefringence of SKS phases shows E–W directions for the fast polarization. Therefore, the directions deviate only slightly from the strike of the Hercynian mountain belt and from the direction of the absolute plate motion in that region. Indications for the transition zone come from a rotation of the fast polarization direction from 86° ± 13° in the northern part of the profile (Saxothuringicum) to 110° ± 15° in the southern part (Moldanubicum) as well as from strong variations of the splitting parameters with respect to the azimuths of the incoming waves in the middle of the profile. We interpret these variations as an expression of a complex mantle structure formed either by several anisotropic layers with inclined symmetry axes in at least one layer or by a model consisting of inhomogeneous anisotropic layers. A comparison of the azimuthal variations of the splitting parameters in the middle of the profile with those observed at the Grafenberg station GRA1—situated in the central part of the transition zone approximately 100 km to the west—shows remarkable differences, which may reflect lateral variations in the direction and inclination of the symmetry axes in the transition zone even on a small scale. Both observations—the change in the fast polarization direction from the northern to the southern part as well as the variations with respect to different azimuths in the middle of the profile—suggest that the transition zone between the Saxothuringicum and the Moldanubicum continues down into the upper mantle.
The warning time for cloud-to-ground lightning in isolated, ordinary thunderstorms over Houston, Texas

Lightning is a natural but destructive phenomenon that affects various locations on the earth’s surface every year. Uman (1968) defines lightning as a selfpropagating atmospheric electrical discharge that results from the accumulation of positive and negative space charge, typically occurring within convective clouds. This electrical discharge can occur in two basic ways: cloud flashes and ground flashes (MacGorman and Rust 1998, p. 83). The latter affects human activity, property and life. Curran et al. (2000) find that lightning is ranked second behind flash and river flooding as causing the most deaths from any weather-related event in the United States. From 1959 to 1994, there was an average of 87 deaths per year from lightning. Curran et al. also rank the state of Texas as third in the number of fatalities from 1959 to 1994, behind Florida at number one and North Carolina at number two. There is an obvious need for the protection of life and property from lightning flashes to ground. While protection of a structure from lightning can be found in the use of a lightning rod, protection to life can be found in the forewarning or “forecasting” of lightning strikes coming to ground. One step in this direction was the development of lightning detection systems that began in specific regions of the United States (Krider et al. 1980; Orville et al. 1983, 1987) and grew into the development of the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) (Orville 1991; Orville and Huffines 2001) and then the North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN) (Orville et al. 2002). This dataset can be used along with the developing Time of Arrival (TOA) networks that include the Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) networks over Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Dallas / Ft. Worth (DFW) and Houston, Texas (i.e. LDAR-II). The LDAR-II and NLDN networks will be discussed later.
Oldest mephitine cranium and its implications for the origin of skunks

of a clade comprising the Procyonidae and Mustelidae. These findings are inconsistent with the traditional placement of the skunks among mustelids, which is based on morphological evidence from extant taxa. This paper reports on a well-preserved cranium of a young individual, recovered from the middle Miocene deposits (MN 7+8, about 11-12 Ma) of Steinheim am Albuch, Germany. The fossil is the holotype of Palaeomephitis steinheimensis Jager, 1839, which is here recognized as a senior subjective synonym of Trochotherium cyamoides Fraas, 1870 (consequently, Palaeomephitis Jager, 1839 is a senior subjective synonym of Trochotherium Fraas, 1870). The specimen is identified as the oldest and most primitive mephitine cranium known to date, approaching the primitive morphology for the Mephitinae. It exhibits a combination of mephitine (accessory middle-ear chamber, lateral swelling of the squamosal) and mustelid (mustelid suprameatal fossa) synapomorphies, corroborating the view that skunks are derived from a mustelid ancestor. Its auditory bulla shows a slightly inflated and relatively large caudal entotympanic, which indicates that the uninflated and relatively small caudal entotympanics of adult mephitines, as well as their hypertrophied ectotympanics, are not primitive (as hitherto assumed) but derived, providing a synapomorphy that supports a sister-group relationship between the Mephitinae and Lutrinae.
Predictors of intraoperative massive transfusion in orthotopic liver transplantation

Although transfusion management has improved during the last decade, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been associated with considerable blood transfusion requirements which poses some challenges in securing blood bank inventories. Defining the predictors of massive blood transfusion before surgery will allow the blood bank to better manage patients' needs without delays. We evaluated the predictors of intraoperative massive transfusion in OLT.
High incidence of antibiotic resistance amongst isolates of Helicobacter pylori collected in Nottingham, UK, between 2001 and 2018.

Introduction. Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The most common treatment regimens use combinations of two or three antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to suppress stomach acid. The World Health Organization designated clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori as a high priority pathogen for drug development, due to increasing antibiotic resistance globally.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. There is no routine surveillance of H. pylori primary antimicrobial sensitivities in the UK, and published data are lacking.Aim. This study aimed to characterize antimicrobial sensitivities of isolates collected in Nottingham, UK, between 2001 and 2018.Methodology. Gastric biopsy samples were collected, with informed written consent and ethics approval, from 162 patients attending the Queen's Medical Centre in Nottingham for an upper GI tract endoscopy. Antibiotic sensitivity was assessed using E-Tests and a more cost-effective disc diffusion test.Results. The clarithromycin, amoxicillin and levofloxacin disc diffusion tests provided identical results to E-Tests on a subset of 30 isolates. Disparities were observed in the metronidazole test results, however. In total, 241 isolates from 162 patients were tested using at least one method. Of all isolates, 28 % were resistant to clarithromycin, 62 % to metronidazole and 3 % to amoxicillin, which are used in first-line therapies. For those antibiotics used in second- and third-line therapies, 4 % were resistant to levofloxacin and none of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Resistance to more than one antibiotic was found in 27 % of isolates. The frequency of patients with a clarithromycin-resistant strain increased dramatically over time: from 16 % between 2001 and 2005 to 40 % between 2011 and 2018 (P=0.011). For the same time periods, there was also an increase in those with a metronidazole-resistant strain (from 58 to 78 %; P=0.05). The frequencies of clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance were higher in isolates from patients who had previously received eradication therapy, compared to those who had not (40 % versus 77 %, and 80 % versus 92 %, respectively). Of 79 pairs of isolates from the antrum and corpus regions of the same patient's stomach, only six had differences in their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles.Conclusion. Although there was high and increasing resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole, there was no resistance to tetracycline and the frequencies of amoxicillin and levofloxacin resistance were very low.
How to classify antipsychotics: time to ditch dichotomies?

Summary The dichotomies of ‘typical/atypical’ or ‘first/second generation’ have been employed for several decades to classify antipsychotics, but justification for their use is not clear. In the current analysis we argue that this classification is flawed from both clinical and pharmacological perspectives. We then consider what approach should ideally be employed in both clinical and research settings.
The impact of carbon credits on New Zealand Radiata pine forestry profitability

The government’s intentions in introducing the ETS are clear: “. The government wants.forestry to help mitigate climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.We believe. [the ETS]. provides the most flexible, fairest [sic] and comprehensive approach to addressing the many challenges that climate change presents.It also allows foresters to capitalise on the business opportunities climate change provides. ” (MAF, 2007).
Regional evolution of hydrothermal fluids in the Noranda District, Quebec; evidence from delta 18 O values from volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits

The results of oxygen isotope analysis of hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks are used to define the thermal and isotopic characteristics of the ore-forming fluids which produced several volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the Noranda district. These deposits (Corbet, Ansil, Norbec, Horne, and Mobrun) formed during temporally distinct events that span much of the volcanic stratigraphy in the district.The data show that the delta 18 O values of the altered rocks and the size (economic tonnage) of each deposit increase upward through the volcanic stratigraphy from low delta 18 O values at the Corbet (-2.2 to 4.8ppm) and Ansil (-0.8 to 5.0ppm) deposits, to intermediate delta 18 O values at the Amulet (3.6-6.7ppm) and Norbec (3.6-10.5ppm) deposits, to high delta 18 O values at the Horne (4.2-11.6ppm) and Mobrun (6.0-13.8ppm) deposits. A corresponding increase is indicated for the delta 18 O values of the discharging hydrothermal fluids, from -2 + or - 2 per mil at the Corbet deposit to +3.0 + or - 1.5 per mil at the Horne deposit. Alteration in most of the deposits is shown to have resulted from the flow of fluids having temperatures of 300 degrees + or - 50 degrees C, with the exception of the pyrite-rich Mobrun deposit where slightly lower temperatures (200 degrees + or - 50 degrees C) are indicated.These observations are interpreted to indicate that the duration of hydrothermal discharge (as indicated by deposit size) at a given site increased upward through the volcanic stratigraphy. Since the fluid, and thus the altered rock, delta 18 O values normally evolve from low to high with time in a volcanogenic massive sulfide-forming system (e.g., Cathles, 1983), the duration of fluid discharge is a primary factor in controlling the isotopic signature retained at a given deposit. In the Noranda district, the duration of fluid discharge depended strongly on the rate of volcanic accumulation, with short-lived systems (e.g., Corbet, Ansil) forming during periods of rapid accumulation of extrusive volcanic rocks, and longer-lived systems forming during more quiescent periods (e.g., Norbec), or at sites where the accumulation of extrusive material was limited by topography (e.g., Horne).