Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives in north central Nigeria: a five-year review

Background: Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) are methods used in the prevention of pregnancy that are long lasting. They are effective and efficacious methods of contraception and return to fertility after removal is prompt. Objectives was to determine the uptake of long-acting reversible contraception and assess the characteristics of acceptors of these methods in the area. Methods: This was a retrospective study of clients’ who visited the family planning unit of the University of Abuja teaching hospital over a 5-year period, from 01 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and specific methods selected were extracted from their records and represented on simple tables, graphs, and charts. Results: A total of one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one (1,891) clients accepted available methods of contraceptives during the five-year study period. One thousand seven hundred and twenty-four (1,724) accepted LARC (91.1%) while only one hundred and sixty-seven (167) accepted non-LARC (8.9%). Majority 946 (54.9%) of the clients that accepted LARC were aged between 30-39 years and clients less than 20 years were 22 (1.3%). Clients with parity 3 and above were 1162 (67.7%), and majority of LARC acceptors wanted more children 1145 (66.4%). Amongst the LARC acceptors, most of the clients opted for subdermal implant either Jadelle or Implanon 940(49.7%). Three hundred and ninety-eight (23.1%) discontinued a form of LARC during the study period while 1127 (65.4%) continued with one form of LARC or another. Conclusions: The uptake of LARC in this region is very high. Teenagers and low parity rarely attended the family planning clinic.
Whole‐lake methane emissions from two temperate shallow lakes with fluctuating water levels: Relevance of spatiotemporal patterns

Globally, shallow lakes are an important source of methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere. Previous studies of such lakes have rarely focused on the within‐lake spatiotemporal variability, which is critical for generating representative whole‐lake fluxes, and better understanding and constrain large‐scale emissions. To address this issue, we determined the variability of CH4 fluxes and CH4 concentrations in two small shallow (≤ 150 cm) lakes in Central Europe biweekly over almost 2 years. We found that both lakes were a source of CH4, mainly by ebullition. At the shallower Lake Heideweiher, which temporarily dried out, the average flux was 7.2 mmol m−2 d−1, the average flux from Lake Windsborn that never dried out, was 3.5 mmol m−2 d−1. The spatial differences (between and within lakes) were most strongly related to sediment C‐content and quality, which in turn was linked to depth or distance to shore. The highest fluxes occurred in the central parts of both lakes. The temporal variability of the fluxes was primarily correlated with sediment temperature and degree of drying measured as the time since drying up. The whole‐lake estimates were dominated by low water periods and the warm summer months. Overall, we show that short‐term and small‐scale measurements cannot account for the high variability of CH4 fluxes from small lakes, and that reliable large‐scale assessments need to consider such spatiotemporal variability.
Has IMRD become IMRDi in management journals? Implications as an independent structural component of research articles

The purpose of this study was to understand the practice of separating implications into separate sections or sub‐sections in scholarly articles that report empirical research in social sciences. Using a stratified random sampling strategy, I selected 120 articles from 40 journals in the field of management available via the Social Sciences Citation Index. I analysed the articles using qualitative content analysis that was guided by two research questions: (1) do journal articles include implications as an independent component? and (2) What guidance do journal editors provide about the presentation of implications in article submissions? The results show that 72% of articles separated implications into a section or sub‐section whilst the remaining 28% integrated them into other main sections. Of the first group, three quarters of authors separated implications into sub‐sections of the Discussion section and one quarter presented them as independent main sections that followed the Discussion. Several patterns related to the range, length, order, and type of implications sections and sub‐sections emerged. The results also showed that only 4% of journals mention implications in their guidelines for authors. Journal editors could use the results of this study to discuss the importance of implications to the journal strategic development, articulate their position on the article structure, and audit their guidelines. Researchers might use the study results to improve their article structure and, hence, increase chances of receiving positive editorial decision.
Unsupervised Machine Learning and Data Mining Procedures Reveal Short Term, Climate Driven Patterns Linking Physico-Chemical Features and Zooplankton Diversity in Small Ponds

Machine Learning (ML) is an increasingly accessible discipline in computer science that develops dynamic algorithms capable of data-driven decisions and whose use in ecology is growing. Fuzzy sets are suitable descriptors of ecological communities as compared to other standard algorithms and allow the description of decisions that include elements of uncertainty and vagueness. However, fuzzy sets are scarcely applied in ecology. In this work, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, fuzzy c-means and association rules mining were applied to assess the factors influencing the assemblage composition and distribution patterns of 12 zooplankton taxa in 24 shallow ponds in northern Italy. The fuzzy c-means algorithm was implemented to classify the ponds in terms of taxa they support, and to identify the influence of chemical and physical environmental features on the assemblage patterns. Data retrieved during 2014 and 2015 were compared, taking into account that 2014 late spring and summer air temperatures were much lower than historical records, whereas 2015 mean monthly air temperatures were much warmer than historical averages. In both years, fuzzy c-means show a strong clustering of ponds in two groups, contrasting sites characterized by different physico-chemical and biological features. Climatic anomalies, affecting the temperature regime, together with the main water supply to shallow ponds (e.g., surface runoff vs. groundwater) represent disturbance factors producing large interannual differences in the chemistry, biology and short-term dynamic of small aquatic ecosystems. Unsupervised machine learning algorithms and fuzzy sets may help in catching such apparently erratic differences.
Patterns of occupational engagement among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore: An exploratory mixed method study

Introduction The aim of this study is to understand the patterns of occupations among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. The objectives are to describe their occupational engagement using the Activity Card Sort Singapore, understand their occupational preferences and perceived barriers and facilitators to engagement. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-method study was conducted over a 5-month period in 2018. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit the participants. Individual 1-h interviews were conducted at participants’ homes. Quantitative data collected include demographic information, Modified Barthel Index scores and activity engagement based on the Activity Card Sort Singapore. Qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Results 105 participants were enrolled in the study. Overall, older adults engaged mostly in instrumental and social activities. However, leisure and social activities were most preferred. Gender, educational level and age were found to influence occupational engagement. Overall, six main themes relating to perceived barriers and facilitators to occupational engagement were identified: cognition and physical status, self-efficacy, resources, affect and meaningfulness, social influence and environmental factors. Conclusion The findings from this study provided insights into the occupational patterns of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore and their perceived barriers and facilitators to engagement. Recommendations for practice were identified.
Essential Oil Composition of Piper Anonofolium (Kunth) C. DC

Abstract Seven samples of aerial parts of Piper anonifolium were collected in the municipalities of Santa Isabel, Ananindeua and Bujaru, Pará state, brazilian Amazon. The samples were hydrodistilled and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The oils of samples 5, 6 and 7 showed very similar chromatographic profiles presenting α-pinene (45.5%, 45.7% and 41.1%), β-pinene (17.7%, 17.2% and 17.8%) and limonene (7.1%, 8.4% and 6.1%) as their main constituents. The oil of sample 1 was dominated by α-pinene (53.1%) and β-pinene (22.9%), followed by minute amount of limonene (1.7%), resembling the oils of samples 5, 6 and 7 . The main constituents found in the oils of samples 2 and 4 were α-pinene (40.9% and 41.8%), β-pinene (18.8% and 18.6%), limonene (7.4% and 8.5%) and δ-2-carene (7.7% and 8.0%), presenting a small difference in comparison with the oils of samples 1, 5, 6 and 7. The oil of sample 3 was quite different concerning with the other oils, where the principal components were α-eudesmol (33.5%), ishwarane (19.1%), germacrene D (9.6%), α-pinene (7.3%) and limonene (5.9%). We imputed the different collection sites for the reason of the distinguished oil composition of Piper anonifolium.
Mediterranean diet adherence and dietary calcium intake in a group of pregnant women: Results of an Italian survey

Abstract Pregnancy is a delicate phase in woman's life that could become a risk factor for osteoporosis in pregnant women who do not meet recommended nutrient standards, especially for calcium and vitamin D. Mediterranean diet (MD) has been demonstrated to be beneficial for adequate nutrient intake. This article aims to evaluate the MD adherence and dietary calcium intake in a group of pregnant Italian women and to investigate how these are linked to each other and to fast glycemia at first trimester of pregnancy. Two hundred and seventy‐nine pregnant women were recruited at the gynecology units of two hospitals in Florence. Socio‐demographic, clinical information, and results of the first trimester blood sample analysis were collected. Two questionnaires, validated for evaluation of MD adherence and calcium intake, were administered to the pregnant women. Approximately 60% of the women had a high level of MD adherence, with a mean dietary calcium intake of 870.3 ± 335.3. In women with higher MD adherence level, fast glycemia resulted lower. Calcium intake was lower than Population Rate Intake for the Italian population (1,200 mg/daily) and was positively correlated to MD adherence score. The MD proved to be nutritious, as it was related to a higher calcium intake in this group of Italian women.
Effects of Fire on the Organic and Chemical Properties of Soil in a Pinus halepensis Mill. Forest in Rocallaura, NE Spain

The present study was conducted following a fire that took place in Rocallaura (NE Iberian Peninsula) in 23 June 2016 with the aim of analyzing the chemical properties of soil in burnt and unburnt areas in order to determine the short-term effects of fire on an ecosystem dominated by Pinus halepensis Mill. Transects were laid out in a control area and an adjacent burnt area. Laboratory analyses were performed to determine the chemical properties of the organic and mineral soil layers at 5 cm and 10 cm (total carbon, total nitrogen, organic and inorganic carbon, carbonates, pH, electrical conductivity, and major cations). The results show partial combustion of the organic substrate, with a significant increase in TC, OC, TN, EC and K+, and a slight decrease in pH in the post-fire area compared to the control area, demonstrating that the fire was of low intensity and did not generate significant short-term negative impacts on the soil. Soils of this type, with high organic matter content, tend to maintain their structure after a low-intensity fire and retain the nutrients necessary for ecosystem recovery and resilience.
Antiracism in Academic Medicine: Fixing the Leak in the Pipeline of Black Physicians

Black physicians remain severely underrepresented in academic medicine despite the documented benefits of a diverse medical faculty. Only 3.6% of academic medical faculty self-report as Black or African American. Efforts to improve faculty diversity at academic medical institutions nationwide have not made meaningful impacts. Sustained improvements in faculty diversity cannot be achieved without an actively antiracist approach, including the intentional transformation of policies, practices, and systems that persistently produce worse outcomes for Black medical students, trainees, and faculty.
Effects of Settlement into Ethnic Enclaves on Immigrant Voter Turnout

What is the effect of residing in ethnic enclaves on immigrants’ future political participation? We study a comprehensive refugee placement reform that was implemented in Sweden in the mid-1980s in combination with unique individual-level turnout data to study the causal effect of being settled in neighborhoods with a high residential concentration of coethnics on immigrants’ future probability of voting. We find little evidence that ethnic concentration per se affects voter turnout. On average, newly arrived immigrants were equally likely to vote whether they were placed in a neighborhood with many or few coethnics. Further analyses, however, indicate that the effect of ethnic concentration depends on the degree of political integration among previously settled coethnics; ethnic concentration increases turnout among the newly immigrated when they are placed with already politically integrated coethnics. These results underscore the conditions under which the political socialization of immigrant newcomers is enhanced in ethnic enclaves.
Triangles and electrostatic ion traps

We consider the equilibrium points of the electrostatic potential of three mutually repelling point charges with Coulomb interaction placed at the vertices of a given triangle T. It is proven that for each point P inside the triangle T, there exists a unique collection of positive point charges, called stationary charges for P in T, such that P is a critical point of the electrostatic potential of these point charges placed at vertices of T in a fixed order. Explicit formulas for stationary charges are given, which are used to investigate the existence and geometry of stable equilibria arising in this setting. In particular, symbolic computations and computer experiments reveal that for an isosceles triangle T, the set S(T) of points P that are stable equilibria of their stationary charges is a non-empty open set containing the incenter of a triangle T. For a regular triangle, using symbolic computations, it appears possible to verify that the formulas for stationary charges define a stable mapping in the sense of Whitney having a deltoid caustic with three ordinary cusps. An interpretation of our results in terms of electrostatic ion traps is also given, and several plausible conjectures are presented.
A Convex Combination Approach for Artificial Neural Network of Interval Data

As the conventional models for time series forecasting often use single-valued data (e.g., closing daily price data or the end of the day data), a large amount of information during the day is neglected. Traditionally, the fixed reference points from intervals, such as midpoints, ranges, and lower and upper bounds, are generally considered to build the models. However, as different datasets provide different information in intervals and may exhibit nonlinear behavior, conventional models cannot be effectively implemented and may not be guaranteed to provide accurate results. To address these problems, we propose the artificial neural network with convex combination (ANN-CC) model for interval-valued data. The convex combination method provides a flexible way to explore the best reference points from both input and output variables. These reference points were then used to build the nonlinear ANN model. Both simulation and real application studies are conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed forecasting ANN-CC model. Our model was also compared with traditional linear regression forecasting (information-theoretic method, parametrized approach center and range) and conventional ANN models for interval-valued data prediction (regularized ANN-LU and ANN-Center). The simulation results show that the proposed ANN-CC model is a suitable alternative to interval-valued data forecasting because it provides the lowest forecasting error in both linear and nonlinear relationships between the input and output data. Furthermore, empirical results on two datasets also confirmed that the proposed ANN-CC model outperformed the conventional models.
Exploring Thinking Process of Students with Mathematics Learning Disability in Solving Arithmetic Problems

The student's criterion for being diagnosed with MLD (Mathematics Learning Disabilities) can be classified as low arithmetic skills and poor working memory. The goal of this research is to understand students' process of thinking through the Polya stages when tackling arithmetic problems, as it has been expounded by Dr. Polya For students who have mathematics learning difficulties, the information is gathered by administering math problems to both females and males that ask the correct questions and have to be answered in their heads. the data gathered from the study concluded that students exhibit degrees of mental disorder that are caused by 3 distinct stages in which they must be addressed: problem-solving underachievement, when they are overreaching, and cognitive imbalance when they are overcommitted. to arrive at equilibrium, the more significant expansions must be coupled with an extensive assimilation and assimilation process As students with moderate to severe learning disability were completing multi-digit addition and multiplication, they underwent assimilation. Because of this, the cognitive fluidity present at this moment, the students have already found themselves in their present-looking-backward state of mind.
Hereditary and molecular validity of pleiotropic resistance to rusts and powdery mildew in hexaploid wheat

Abstract To study the genetic basis of pleiotropic resistance to rusts and powdery mildew in hexaploid wheat, three Egyptian cultivars, Misr-1, Sids-13 and Sakha-94 were crossed to three CIMMYT cultivars carrying pleiotropic resistance genes i.e., Pavon-76 (Sr2/Yr30/Lr27, Lr46/Yr29/Sr58/Pm39), Jupateco-73-R (Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38) and Seri-82 (Lr26/Sr31/Yr9). In F2 progeny test, no segregation was found in four crosses, Pavon-76/Misr-1, Pavon-76/Sids-13, Jupateco-73-R/Sids-13, and Jupateco-73-R/Sakha-94, indicating the dominance of pleiotropic adult plant resistance (PAPR). Segregation ratios of the other five crosses fitted the expected ratios indicating the absence of these genes in the tested Egyptian cultivars. There was a difference between each of the two parents that was controlled by digenic recessive or dominance. Molecular screening revealed that three PAPR genes Sr2/Yr30/Lr27, Lr46/Yr29/Sr58/Pm39 and Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38 were present in the majority of resistant F2 plants, while, race-specific gene Lr26/Sr31/Yr9 was present mostly in susceptible F2 plants. PAPR genes should be considered for marker-assisted wheat breeding.
Physiological quality and biomass production of Pennisetum glaucum as a function of manganese application

Abstract The use of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) for biomass production has increased significantly across much of the Brazilian Midwest. This region is characterized by weathered soils with low pH and low in fertility. Phosphorus and micronutrients are particularly low in these soils. Therefore, studies evaluating the management of micronutrients, especially manganese (Mn), are essential to improve the productivity of pear millet. This study aimed to assess the effect of Mn fertilization on the physiology traits and biomass production of pearl millet. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with four replications. Five Mn rates were applied (0 (control), 3, 6, 9, and 12 kg ha−1, as MnO) at planting. Biometric (plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index) and physiological quality (cholorpyll index, transpiration, photosynthesis, leaf CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductance) were evaluated 30 and 65 days after emergence (DAE). Millet biomass, at harvest, was also evaluated. Pearl millet response to Mn fertilization was significant on measurements taken 65 DAE, with exception of leaf area index. Regardless of time of measurements, applying 6 kg Mn ha−1 provided the best results at the end of the experiments. Increased Mn rates, above 6 kg ha−1, caused a decrease in the physiological traits of millet but did not affect the biomass production. Moreover, greater Mn utilization efficiency by plants was found at the 6 kg ha−1 Mn rate, suggesting that this is the recommended rate for improving biomass production of pear millet grown under similar soil and weather conditions.
Chitosan and hydroxyapatite scaffolds with amoxicillin for bone repair

The bone repair process, among other physiological mechanisms, occurs in a harmonious manner throughout the body. However, the presence of some deleterious factors such as surgery, trauma or pathology, can interfere with the physiology of bone remodeling. It´s Known that the synergistic antimicrobial action between drugs and biomaterials can help and favor osteogenesis after grafting surgery. Therefore, this study aims to develop chitosan / hydroxyapatite scaffolds with amoxicillin for bone repair in the oral cavity. For this, raw materials were selected and characterized and scaffolds were made by the processes of solubilization, dispersion and lyophilization. The characterizations were made by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, eenergy dispersive spectrometer, swelling potential, degradation analysis, apparent porosity test and in vitro cell cytotoxicity. The scaffolds produced in this research showed to have not only adequate physical characteristics but also chemical and biological ones. It was as well as detected a reproducible methodology that resulted in a biomaterial with morphology that provided a high degree of swelling, porosity, satisfactory degradation and the presence of amoxicillin which was confirmed by the eenergy dispersive spectrometer. Nevertheless, the scaffolds with 30% hydroxyapatite showed the best results for in vitro cell viability. So, it is possible to conclude that the scaffolds produced show successful characteristics for bone repair in the oral cavity.