Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Ovocleidin-116 Polymorphisms with Egg Quality Traits of Nigerian Heavy Local Chicken Ecotype Reared in Derived Savannah

Ovocleidin-116 (OC-116) is a matrix protein observed in the hen uterine fluid during active calcification phase of shell formation. This study was carried out to identify ovocleidin-116 polymorphisms using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and to determine the association with egg quality traits of Nigerian Heavy Local Chicken Ecotypes. Two hundred and forty laying birds (with three eggs each) were measured for Egg Weight (EW), Eggshell Thickness (EST), Eggshell Weight (ESW) and Egg Shape Index (ESI). The PCR-RFLP products revealed G and C alleles controlling three genotypes, GG, GC and CC with frequencies of 0.6, 0.3 and 0.1 respectively. The genotypes were not distributed according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2 = 2.4). Association studies revealed that genotypes had significant (P<0.05) relationship with EW, EST, ESI and ESW in the studied population. The GG (53.11±0.49) and GC (53.33±0.69) exhibited higher EW than the CC (45.64±1.21) genotypes while CC (0.33±0.04) had thicker shells than GG (0.31±0.01) and GC (0.31±0.02) genotypes. The ESI and ESW were higher for GG and GC genotypes. These results improve knowledge on the understanding of OC-116 polymorphisms and its potential as a candidate gene for selecting egg quality traits in Nigerian Heavy Local Chicken Ecotype. Keywords: chicken; egg quality traits; ovocleidin-116; polymorphism; Nigerian Heavy Local Chicken Ecotype.
From Biogeography to Life History Theory: A Multithematic Approach Illustrated by the Biogeography of Vertebrates

The study of the diversity of animals, whatever the level of biological integration considered, greatly benefits from a hierarchical view of biogeographical processes. Patterns and processes in biogeography must be considered by reference to the three scales of space, time and change which are closely interrelated. Hierarchy theory assumes that many ecological properties can be best interpreted by an investigation in other scales than by keeping only at the scale where they are observed. Six examples going from larger to smaller scales illustrate this approach. The first concerns the debate about the relations between speciation by vicariance or speciation by dispersion. The second is a demonstration of the necessity to refer to the historical development of bird faunas in order to explain modern biogeographical patterns of distribution of birds in Mediterranean forests. As a consequence of history the third example challenges the hypothesis of ecomorphological convergence of bird communities composed of unrelated taxa living in similar mediterranean bioclimates. A fourth example analyses the processes of community organization and the regulation of regional diversities of forest birds in relation to the structure and the geographical configuration of habitats. It is shown that extinction-immigration processes are very different whether the habitat is surrounded by a deep primeval forest or is an isolated woodlot. The implications of such patterns are discussed from both theoretical and practical points of view. A fifth point illustrates the role of history and man on colonization patterns and the structure of island communities. Probability of successful colonization largely depends on species-specific histories, whether the species evolved in large tracts of homogeneous habitats or in small isolated habitats. It is shown that insular patterns of mammal communities in the Mediterranean islands cannot be explained by current theories of island biogeography because all the present species have been introduced by man in the last 8000 years. Finally the consequences of modifications of the structure of insular bird communities are explored at the level of life histories of selected species. The tradeoff of such important life history traits as the timing of reproduction, the clutch size and survival values is shown to be better explained by a detailed study of local environmental conditions than by current theories of island
THE ONSET OF SILICA SCALING AROUND CIRCULAR CYLINDERS

The pressure distribution around a cylinder has been measured at different Reynolds numbers in a water tunnel, in which temperature and fluid velocity can be controlled. These pressure distributions are compared with published data for dynamically similar flows and related to silica deposition experiments around circular cylinders, which were carried out in the same water tunnel, under the same flow conditions. Silica scale thickness varies around the cylinder with the greatest deposition rate occurring, at least initially, in regions of high wall shear stress. Tests on a cylinder fitted with a tripping wire show that scale formation is disrupted in the vicinity of the tripping wire confirming that particle inertia has an important influence on the deposition mechanism.
RAPID COMMUNICATION / COMMUNICATION RAPIDE Direct determination of age in shrimps, crabs, and lobsters

The detection and measurement of annual growth bands preserved in calcified structures underlies the assessment and management of exploited fish populations around the world. However, the estimation of growth, mortality, and other age-structured processes in crustaceans has been severely limited by the apparent absence of permanent growth structures. Here, we report the detection of growth bands in calcified regions of the eyestalk or gastric mill in shrimps, crabs, and lobsters. Comparison of growth band counts with reliable, independent estimates of age strongly suggests that the bands form annually, thus providing a direct and accurate method of age determination in all of the species examined. Chemical tags in the lobster cuticle were retained through one or two molts that occurred over the duration of an experiment, as apparently was the mesocardiac ossicle containing the growth bands in the gastric mill. Growth bands are not the previously documented lamellae of the endocuticle, and their formation was not associated with molting. Sex- specific growth curves were readily developed from growth band examination in multiple species, suggesting that routine measurement of growth and mortality in decapod crustaceans may now be possible. Resume : La detection et la mesure des bandes de croissance annuelles conservees dans des structures calcifiees sous- tendent l'evaluation et la gestion des populations exploitees de poissons partout dans le monde. Cependant, chez les
The insect fauna of granite sand plains: a naturally rare ecosystem in New Zealand

ABSTRACT Granite sand plains constitute one of New Zealand's 72 historically rare ecosystems. They occur in the alpine zone of the South Island and are known from only four sites. Invertebrates were sampled by pitfall trapping, netting and hand searching by day in two areas: the sand plains of the Lookout Range, Nelson, on 9–17 January 2008; and Mt Titiroa, Fiordland, on 3–10 February 2009. Sampling was of a preliminary, qualitative nature, due to inconsistencies in weather, year and season between the visits to the two locations, and no rigorous comparison is presented. The results of these surveys are summarised in an annotated species list (38 species), and a selection of these is illustrated. No insect species was found at both sites, and the only shared genera (Anabarhynchus [Diptera: Therevidae], Odontria [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae], Lyperobius [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]) have diversified throughout the alpine zone of the South Island. Many species could not confidently be identified to species level based on current knowledge, and the samples included an undescribed genus and species of Carabidae (Coleoptera), and probable new species of Prodontria and Stethaspis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Anabarhynchus (Diptera: Therevidae) and Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). A further Lepidoptera species from the Mt Titiroa sand plains (Hierodoris extensilis Hoare, 2012 [Xyloryctidae]) has already been described as new. Whether any of these species is strictly associated with and endemic to the sand plain ecosystem remains to be confirmed. Lepidoptera recorded on Mt Titiroa outside the sand plains are listed in an Appendix.
Working Paper #2019/35 THE AIRBNB EFFECT ON THE RENTAL MARKET: THE CASE OF MADRID

The debate over Airbnb is increasingly gaining attention both in academic and nonacademic spheres. However, in specialized literature almost all analyses have ignored the spatial dependence behind it, that is, when landlord’s decisions to raise or keep prices are related to each other. In the City of Madrid, non-spatial and spatial regressions were compared over individual rental prices. Results suggest that traditional models were biased and, once contemplating these effects, the impact of Airbnb is no longer significant. The causes could be the lower profitability, lack of legal guarantees and a strong competition of professional hosts. As a result, there are less incentives to displace dwellings from the rental market and push rental prices up.
Hyperaccumulation of Cadmium and DNA Changes in Popular Vegetable, Brassica chinensis L

Brassica chinensis L. is a popular vegetable, especially in Asian dishes. For plant growing with inorganic fertilizer, cadmium (Cd) has been one of the highest metal and health-risk factors included. This research aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of Cd by the plant and its genetic changes. The plant was grown in the soil supplemented by Cd at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg. The accumulations in the roots, stems and leaves, were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), then the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and translocation Factor (TF) were calculated. DNA changes were accessed by random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with Genomic Template Stability (GTS) tests. The Cd accumulation in the plant parts after 30 days of the treatments ranged from 80.93 to 5053.48 mg/kg, 35.53 to 2439.61 mg/kg, and 21.21 to 2231.02 mg/kg, respectively. The BCF and TF values ranged from 4.54 to 12.66 and 0.70 to 1.67, respectively. From RAPD fingerprints, the GTS values ranged from 51.34 to 80.96%. At the highest concentration of Cd supplemented (120 mg/kg), the DNA resulted in the highest changes (GTS = 51.34%). These results, including BCF and TF values, also indicated that B. chinensis is a Cd-hyperaccumulator, therefore, consuming the plants growing in the Cd-polluted area is a health risk
Macroeconomic and welfare implications of different pension benefit arrangements

I analyze the trade-off among insurance, labor supply and savings incentives arising in the design of pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension benefits. I consider two extreme types of pension benefits: i) a flat benefit (FL) system that pays the same pension regardless of the amount of previous contributions and ii) a notional defined contribution (NDC) system in which benefits are perfectly linked to previous contributions. The NDC system promotes higher labor supply, higher consumption inequality and generally crowds out capital more. If the level of pension contributions is low, the FL system brings a higher welfare due to higher consumption insurance. At higher levels of contributions, the NDC system leads to higher welfare due to lower labor supply distortions. General equilibrium effects tilt the welfare result in favor of FL pensions in dynamically efficient economies. The analysis suggests that pension benefit design should depend on the size of the pension system and the size of idiosyncratic risk. The welfare results can explain the contrasting reforms of pension benefits implemented in different countries, as well as the empirical correlations between pension benefit progressivity, on the one hand, and the size of pension systems and idiosyncratic risk, on the other hand. JEL classification: C68, E62, H55
The effect of cognitive-behavioral consultation on marital adjustment among women referring to health centers of Hamadan in 2015–2016

1 School of nursing and Midwifery, Chronic diseases (home Care) research Center, hamadan university of Medical Sciences, hamadan, iran 2 Supervisor Education, Fatemieh Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 3 Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 4 department of Midwifery, Mother and Child Care research Center, School of nursing and Midwifery, hamadan university of Medical Sciences, hamadan, iran 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Determinants of Inclusive Growth in ASEAN, WP/20/118, July 2020

Over the past decades ASEAN countries have experienced rapid economic growth accompanied by a dramatic fall in poverty rates, but income inequality has not retreated. This research aims at identifying factors which could contribute to more equally distributed growth in ASEAN. To measure inclusive growth, we use a variable integrating per capita income growth and an equity index. A cross-country panel analysis of the impact of macrostructural factors on inclusive growth and its two components suggests that fiscal redistribution, female labor force participation, productivity growth, FDI inflows, digitalization, and savings significantly drive inclusive growth. A scenario analysis based on our econometric results suggests that the implementation of fiscal redistribution and labor market-oriented structural reforms could help significantly accelerate inclusive growth in ASEAN. JEL Classification Numbers: D63, F43, O11, O47
The response of mesospheric H2O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations

Abstract. Water vapor (H2O) is the source of reactive hydrogen radicals in the middle atmosphere, whereas carbon monoxide (CO), being formed by CO2 photolysis, is suitable as a dynamical tracer. In the mesosphere, both H2O and CO are sensitive to solar irradiance (SI) variability because of their destruction/production by solar radiation. This enables us to analyze the solar signal in both models and observed data. Here, we evaluate the mesospheric H2O and CO response to solar irradiance variability using the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1) simulations and satellite observations. We analyzed the results of four CCMI models (CMAM, EMAC-L90MA, SOCOLv3, and CESM1-WACCM 3.5) operated in CCMI reference simulation REF-C1SD in specified dynamics mode, covering the period from 1984–2017. Multiple linear regression analyses show a pronounced and statistically robust response of H2O and CO to solar irradiance variability and to the annual and semiannual cycles. For periods with available satellite data, we compared the simulated solar signal against satellite observations, namely the GOZCARDS composite for 1992–2017 for H2O and Aura/MLS measurements for 2005–2017 for CO. The model results generally agree with observations and reproduce an expected negative and positive correlation for H2O and CO, respectively, with solar irradiance. However, the magnitude of the response and patterns of the solar signal varies among the considered models, indicating differences in the applied chemical reaction and dynamical schemes, including the representation of photolyzes. We suggest that there is no dominating thermospheric influence of solar irradiance in CO, as reported in previous studies, because the response to solar variability is comparable with observations in both low-top and high-top models. We stress the importance of this work for improving our understanding of the current ability and limitations of state-of-the-art models to simulate a solar signal in the chemistry and dynamics of the middle atmosphere.
Buried viable seeds in a North American tall-grass prairie: the resemblance of their abundance and composition to dispersing seeds

The soil bank of buried viable seeds in October 1978 at Tucker Prairie in Missouri, USA, was assessed from 30 sod plugs (5.8 cm diam., 12.0 cm deep) spread in greenhouse trays for 145 d. 17.1 ? 8.7 (x ? s) seedlings per plug emerged, equivalent to 6470 seeds m-2, a figure higher than previous reports for prairies. Most (74%) seedlings emerged during the first month. Seventy-nine per cent of the seedlings survived to be identified to 28 species, 18 of which were dicotyledons, and 10, monocotyledons. Juncus tennis comprised 59% of the individuals. Forty-six per cent of the species produced 1 or 2 individuals. The density of seeds in the soil shows a 71% reduction from the density of seeds in the seed rain. The majority of common species in the seed rain (7 of 10) appear in the soil bank. In contrast, many of the common elements of the bank (7 of 11) are not detected in the rain. These latter species probably have long-lived seeds with pulsed input, and the former species have more transient presence in the soil. Thus, the seed rain resembles the soil bank more than the bank resembles the rain.
Seasonal Accumulation of Starch by Components of the Kiwifruit Vine

The accumulation of starch by various components of 6-year-old kiwifruit vines (Actinidia deliciosa var. delicioso cv. Hayward) was recorded over one season. Twenty vines were harvested periodically throughout the year and separated into perennial components (fibrous roots, structural roots, stump, stem, cordon, laterals) and current season's growth (shoots, leaves. and fruit). The concentration of starch in the fibrous roots followed a sinusoidal trend. Minimum concentrations occurred 98 d after budbreak, while the maximum concentrations occurred 182 d later. Corresponding times in the structural roots were approximately 42 d earlier. In the above-ground perennial components, elevated concentrations of starch in the cordon, fruiting wood and bark of the stem were evident at budbreak and fruit harvest (approx. 220 d later). In the case of the stem, concentrations were greatest at fruit harvest. Because the biomass of the perennial components was found to be relatively constant throughout the year, starch concentrations and contents were directly proportional in these tissues. For current season's growth, peak concentrations and contents in leaves and shoots were observed at fruitset and fruit harvest, respectively. For fruit, starch increased continuously until harvest. Approximately 30% of the total starch content accumulated in the perennial components by leaf abscission was lost during winter and early summer. Quantitative losses were greatest for the roots. Regeneration of the starch pools in the perennial components of the vine occurred from midseason until leaf abscission. At the same time, approximately five times more starch was accumulated by the current season's growth, in particular the fruit, than by the perennial components. As a result of the difference in the rate of accumulation, the starch content of the current season s growth increased from less than 10% midseason to nearly 60% of the total starch content of the vine by fruit harvest. The results were discussed in relation to the carbon economy of the kiwifruit vine, and compared with seasonal trends in starch concentrations found for other deciduous crops.
Toxicological Studies on the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Prodenia litura. III. A Modified Technique for Testing the Stomach-Poisoning Effect of Insecticides on Leaf-Feeding Larvae

A simple sandwich technique for testing the stomach-poison toxicity of synthetic organic insecticides on leaf-chewing larvae is described. Fourth instar Prodenia larvae were used. The dose of the insecticide in acetone solution was applied to the sandwich, using a 1-μl glass micropipet. Castor oil leaves were cut into small discs to form the sandwich. The 2 discs containing the insecticide on the inner surfaces were stuck together with a pectin paste fortified with sugar. The technique ensures no contact between the feeding larva and the insecticide, Precise determination of the dose each larva ingests is easily determined.
Occurrence and Severity of Physiological Disorders of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L.) in Uganda

In Africa, oil palm is grown in 25 countries supported by corporate investors. In Uganda, commercial oil palm cultivation began in 2005 in Bugala Islands. Seedlings were imported from countries with established breeding programs. These seedlings were grown in areas with different environmental conditions which have resulted in a number of physiological disorders. The aim of this research was to determine the major physiological disorders in oil palm fruit bunches in Uganda. The study was carried out in the adaptive trials in Kagadi, Bugiri, Buvuma and Masaka Districts and in the different smallholder farmer blocks in Kalangala District. Data was collected on bunch rot, bunch failure and uneven ripening. Sampling was carried out in oil palm plantations above five years of age. Three fields were selected from each unit and three units from each block by the help of the Agricultural Extension Officers (AEOs). Palms were randomly sampled and assessed for presence of bunch rot, bunch failure and uneven ripening symptoms. The incidence was expressed as a percentage of the total number of palms sampled while the severity of bunch rot disease was scored on a scale of 0-4. From the results, the differences in bunch rot and bunch failure in adaptive trials were statistically significant as well as across seasons (P < 0.05). Uneven ripening was not statistically significant and severity of bunch rot in the different farmer blocks in Kalangala was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Uneven ripening was high across smallholder farmer blocks in Kalangala and was statistically significant (P = 0.05) even across seasons (P < 0.05). These results are important for sensitization of farmers on management of oil palm disorders and essential for guiding policy makers and investors as the oil palm industrial sector is being developed in Uganda. This study calls for determination of water deficit at the various ecological zones and its relationship to physiological disorders as a guide for further oil palm estate development.
Antecedent Counterproductive Work Behavior: Exploration in Services Industry

This research is in the form of a conceptual study about the construct of counterproductive work behavior that occurs in Indonesia, especially in the service industry, both conducted by leaders and subordinates. The study results found that employees' counterproductive behavior can be categorized into four dimensions, namely: production deviance, property deviance, personal aggression, political aggression, this is following the results of previous research conducted by Robinson and Bennet. The study was tested by performing a Multi Dimension Technique (MDS) through an open questionnaire distributed to employees (17 leaders and 32 subordinates). The results of the study are useful to be a guide for leaders to understand their employees. Keywords—counterproductive work behavior, production deviance, property deviance, personal aggression, political