Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Several different sequences are implicated in bloodstream-form-specific gene expression in Trypanosoma brucei

The parasite Trypanosoma brucei grows as bloodstream forms in mammalian hosts, and as procyclic forms in tsetse flies. In trypanosomes, gene expression regulation depends heavily on post-transcriptional mechanisms. Both the RNA-binding protein RBP10 and glycosomal phosphoglycerate kinase PGKC are expressed only in mammalian-infective forms. RBP10 targets procyclic-specific mRNAs for destruction, while PGKC is required for bloodstream-form glycolysis. Developmental regulation of both is essential: expression of either RBP10 or PGKC in procyclic forms inhibits their proliferation. We show that the 3′-untranslated region of the RBP10 mRNA is extraordinarily long - 7.3kb - and were able to identify six different sequences, scattered across the untranslated region, which can independently cause bloodstream-form-specific expression. The 3′-untranslated region of the PGKC mRNA, although much shorter, still contains two different regions, of 125 and 153nt, that independently gave developmental regulation. No short consensus sequences were identified that were enriched either within these regulatory regions, or when compared with other mRNAs with similar regulation, suggesting that more than one regulatory RNA-binding protein is important for repression of mRNAs in procyclic forms. We also identified regions, including an AT repeat, that increased expression in bloodstream forms, or suppressed it in both forms. Trypanosome mRNAs that encode RNA-binding proteins often have extremely extended 3′-untranslated regions. We suggest that one function of this might be to act as a fail-safe mechanism to ensure correct regulation even if mRNA processing or expression of trans regulators is defective.
Integrating DGNSS/RTK Positioning with IoT and Smart City Applications

Real-time high-precision positioning will generate new added values and potentials for many IoT and smart city applications. The emerging Real-time Kinematic (RTK) technology has greatly enhanced the precision of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based positioning, however, it remains a siloed, highly specialized technology that lacks coherent development architecture compatible with current IoT technology stack. This study aims to use commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) equipment and general Web technology stack for integrating RTK positioning into general-purpose, value-added IoT/smart city services. Our preliminary evaluation has showed positive results over multiple indices, including positioning precision, portability and overall cost-performance balance.
Systematic and Critical Review of RSA Based Public Key Cryptographic Schemes: Past and Present Status

The interconnected digital world is generating enormous data that must be secured from unauthorized access. Advancement in technologies and new innovative methods applied by attackers play an instrumental role in breaching data security. Public key Cryptography provides a set of cryptographic algorithms in achieving data security through confidentiality, integrity and authentication. Among all cryptographic algorithms in general and public key cryptography in particular, RSA is one of the most widely used and applied algorithms. Since its inception, it is commonly being adopted in securing data across different domains such as cloud, image and others. Despite its importance and wide applications, no such systematic and extensive survey exists in the literature. A systematic and thorough study of RSA based cryptography is presented in this work covering several domains. All the available works in this direction are divided into 11 different categories, viz, Hybrid, Parallel, Cloud, Image, Multiple-Keys, Chinese-Remainder-Theorem-based, Digital-Signatures, K-Nearest-Theorem-based, Batch, Wireless, and Core-Modifications. This study methodically explores RSA-based cryptosystems, either modifications in core RSA or applications of enhanced RSA across different domains, systematically categorizing in various categories and eventually providing findings and indications. The current study compares RSA methods based on parameters such as key generation, encryption schemes, decryption schemes, key features and enhancements, and also finds the leading areas where modified RSA has been applied in the recent past. As a result, this study will guide researchers and practitioners in understanding the past and present status of RSA cryptography along with the possibility of its applications in other domains.
Predicting Offenses and Crashes from Young Drivers' Offense and Crash Histories

Previous research has indicated that offenses are better predictors of subsequent crashes than crashes themselves. We examined this hypothesis for 13,800 young beginning drivers in Michigan for up to nine years during the initial years of driving. Our analyses indicated that previous-year offenses are better predictors of both subsequent-year offenses and crashes than either previous-year crashes or at-fault crashes. This finding also held for the apparently higher-risk subset of subsequent-year serious offenses and at-fault crashes. Although there were no gender differences in the predictive power of crashes, it was found that the predictive power of previous offenses to subsequent serious offenses was significantly stronger for women than for men. The predictive power of incidents appeared to increase somewhat with increasing driving experience, suggesting that early incidents may be more attributable to inexperience, a characteristic of all beginning drivers, while later incidents may be more attributable to individual differences.
The non-random structure of multi-trophic ecological inter- actions maximizes species coexistence within ecologically re- alistic constraints

1Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain. 2Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias del Mar (INMAR),Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510, Puerto Real, Spain. 3School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia. 4Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automática y Física Aplicada, ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. *correspondence: david.garcia. callejas@gmail.com
Augmented Reality and Deep Learning Guided Task Oriented Robot

Robot navigation is one of the key features in robot system, which can be done in several ways. Different approaches show both strength and weakness, and the choice usually relies on the targeted scenario. The current work proposes a robot navigation system that works indoor for a certain specified task. In the system, augmented reality, SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) and deep learning are used to guide a robot. Augmented reality acts an interface bridging the physical and virtual world together. SLAM offers the robot the ability to sense the physical world. Deep learning enables the robot to recognize objects. As a result, a robot can follow the expected routine to get a task done without colliding.
Analysis of chemicals and energy consumption in water and wastewater treatment, as cost components: Case study of Oslo, Norway

Adopting a systems-approach to an urban water and wastewater system, while applying a triple bottom line strategy to management, entails a careful analysis of all the sub-systems and components thereof with a view to improving service levels, optimising expenditure, augmenting investments, and also reducing the life-cycle environmental impacts associated with setting up, maintaining and operating the system. The scope for optimising expenses is system-wide, though it varies from one sub-system to another, depending on inherent lock-ins and external factors beyond the direct control of the water and wastewater utility. Optimising the consumption of energy and chemicals and improving the cost-efficiency thereof, is always on the agenda of water treatment plants (WTPs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper analyses the consumption of and the expenditure on chemicals and energy at Oslo's WTPs and WWTPs over time. Energy and chemicals for water and wastewater treatment, on an average account for 10.8% of the total operational expenses in the water supply sub-system and 13.7% for the wastewater handling sub-system. There is a perceptible increase in this share from 5.2% in 2004 to 14.9% in 2009 for water and 12.3% to 14.2% for wastewater. Chemicals cost more than energy for the WWTPs, while it was the other way round for the WTPs. The total real cost of energy and chemicals per cubic metre, in year-2007 currency, was between 4 and 5.2 Euro cents for the WTPs, and between 1 and 4.5 Euro cents for the WTPs. The total (WTP + WWTP) per-capita real costs of energy and chemicals, expressed in year-2007 currency, rose from around 10 Euros in year 2000 to about 12.2 Euros in year 2007.
Novel Machine Learning Approach for Automatic Employees’ Soft Skills Assessment: Group Collaboration Analysis Case Study

Machine Learning (ML) based assessment of soft skills is a challenging domain in social computing. In today’s enterprises, soft skills are regarded as one of the most crucial components for success. Based on data obtained from internal organizational sources, we evaluated the viability of utilizing ML to assess Group Communication Analysis (GSA) skills. We leveraged Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to understand and learn cognitive phenomena extracted from the communication extracted from the issue tracker of several popular open-source projects, with a specific input representation that allows the model to look for contextual cues in consecutive utterances. We looked at the data of 1520 engineers from three open-source software development projects that worked on an internal line of business operational systems. The ML models revealed five interpersonal and intrapersonal socio-cognitive GSA metrics in 10583 utterances and procedures, which were integrated into five clusters that assign socially engaged employee roles. Because there has not been any research on assessing employees’ Soft Skills utilizing ML, our proposed method is a first in this field, relying on internal organizational datasets to obtain reliable Soft Skills assessment evaluation.
Comparative Study of Hall Effect Mobility in Inversion Layer of 4H-SiC MOSFETs With Nitrided and Phosphorus-Doped Gate Oxides

In this study, the inversion layer mobility characteristics in Si-face 4H silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with nitrided and phosphorus-doped gate oxides were compared using Hall effect measurements. The inversion layer mobility was evaluated by applying a body bias and changing the temperature. The carrier scattering properties were determined for elevated temperatures (i.e., 473 K), at which point the impact of Coulomb scattering decreases and that of phonon scattering increases. The phonon-limited mobility of these MOSFETs was almost the same when plotted as a function of the effective normal electric field in the inversion layer, possibly representing the nature of the thermally grown SiO2/SiC interface. On the basis of this finding, the effect of phonon scattering was separated from the inversion layer mobility. The MOSFETs exhibited a remarkable difference in Coulomb scattering: the MOSFETs with phosphorus-doped gate oxide exhibited a more rapid increase in Coulomb-limited mobility with increasing surface carrier density than did the MOSFETs with nitride gate oxide. This resulted from the effective suppression of Coulomb scattering in the inversion layer, which is one of the reasons why phosphorus-doped gate oxide achieves higher inversion layer mobility than nitrided gate oxide. These results show that the inversion layer mobility of SiC MOSFETs can be modeled using a conventional framework of phonon, Coulomb, and surface roughness scattering. Therefore, the suppression of Coulomb scattering is key to further improving the inversion layer mobility of SiC MOSFETs.
Enhancement of transparency and accuracy of credit scoring models through genetic fuzzy classifier

Credit risk evaluation systems play an important role in the financial decision-making by enabling faster credit decisions, reducing the cost of credit analysis and diminishing possible risks. Credit scoring is the most commonly used technique for evaluating the creditworthiness of the credit applicants. The credit models built with this technique should satisfy two important criteria, namely accuracy, which measures the capability of predicting the behaviour of the customers, and transparency, which reflects the ability of the model to describe the input-output relation in an understandable way. In our paper, two credit scoring models are proposed using two types of fuzzy systems, namely Takagi-Sugeno (TS) and Mamdani types. The accuracy and transparency of these two models have been optimised. The TS fuzzy credit scoring model is generated using subtractive clustering method while the Mamdani fuzzy system is extracted using fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. The accuracy and transparency of the two resulting fuzzy credit scoring models are optimised using two multi-objective evolutionary techniques. The potential of the proposed modelling approaches for enhancing the transparency of the credit scoring models while maintaining the classification accuracy is illustrated using two benchmark real world data sets. The TS fuzzy system is found to be highly accurate and computationally efficient while the Mamdani fuzzy system is highly transparent, intuitive and humanly understandable.
Measurement of Eggshell Thermal-mechanical Properties

Three key engineering properties of eggshell material were measured—linear thermal expansion coefficient, Young’s modulus, and shear modulus. The least-squares mean values of the linear thermal expansion coefficient of eggshell were 5.4 ¥ 10-6 mm/mm-° C and 7.3 ¥ 10-6 mm/mm-° C in the meridional and circumferential directions, respectively. the values of the linear thermal expansion coefficient of eggshell were significantly (p <0.001) affected by gage location and direction. The circumferential eggshell modulus of elasticity in the full ring compression test was 19.0 GPa with a standard error (SE) of 1.3 GPa. By applying a point load to the cantilevered eggshell strip, eggshell meridional modulus of elasticity was 208.8 (SE = 19.0) GPa. There was no significant difference (p = 0.16) in the values of eggshell modulus of elasticity for two different specific gravity eggs. However, eggshell modulus of elasticity values were significantly (p , 0.001) influenced by the location of the eggshell strips. In addition, the measured values of eggshell shear modulus were 5.8 (SE = 9.4) GPa and 90.8 (SE = 9.4) GPa in planes normal to the egg’s circumferential and meridional directions, respectively. The values of the shear modulus of eggshell were significantly different (p <0.01) for high (=1.085) and low (<1.075) specific gravity eggs. In addition, there was a significant difference (p <0.001) between circumferential eggshell strip and meridional eggshell strip shear modulus values.
Near-optimal uplink scheduling for age-energy tradeoff in wireless systems

We study the optimal age-energy tradeoff arising in the context uplink scheduling of multiple heterogeneous devices that are transmitting time-sensitive update packets through the base station in a cellular network. In the model, new updates arrive stochastically at the devices and they are subject to losses when attempting to transmit. Also, associated with the update transmission are related energy costs. The problem is to develop policies for minimizing the weighted sum of the total mean age and energy costs. The Whittle index approach is applied to obtain a near-optimal policy. In particular, we prove the indexability of the problem and explicitly derive the associated Whittle indices. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the superiority of the resulting Energy-aware Whittle index policy compared with other heuristics.
Experimental and Analytical Investigation on the Variation of Spray Characteristics Along Radial Distance Downstream of a Pressure Swirl Atomizer

Presentation des resultats d'une etude experimentale des variations spatiales des caracteristiques des pulverisations formees par un atomiseur, par diffusion d'un faisceau de lumiere d'un laser. On developpe un modele permettant de predire les variations radiales en question. Comparaison satisfaisante des resultats donnes par ce modele aux resultats experimentaux
Value of Irrigation Water for Crop Production in the South Saskatchewan River Basin

In this study, value of water used for irrigation was estimated in the South Saskatchewan River Basin using the concept of producer surplus. The basin was divided into sub-basins for the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. Although the water in these sub-basins is supplied by the South Saskatchewan River, its value is highly variable across sub-basins, partly due to differences in cropping practices, climate, soil type, and level of water applied to the crops. Taking a long-run accounting perspective (all resources paid for), value of irrigation water in crop production in Alberta ranged from $16.95 per dam3 in the Alberta portion of the SSRB to $24.90 per dam3 in the Oldman River sub-basin. In Saskatchewan, this value was $9.58 per dam3 in the southwest Saskatchewan region and $61.74 per dam3 in the Lake Diefenbaker Development Area (LDDA). Higher value in LDDA, relative to Alberta sub-basins, is explained, in part, by differences in irrigated crops mix between the two regions. One of the major limitations of this study is that value of water could not be estimated for individual crops, in part due to lack of data on water use levels.
IEC 61499 Distributed Design Patterns

IEC 61499 emerged as a language for modeling distributed control systems. An Application is a platform-independent model that is comprised of modular components. High reusability of these components and high reconfigurability of the underlying system configuration can only be achieved with advanced design patterns. We show two example implementations of such designs and extended a pattern to foster reuse. All designs are compared based on a set of evaluation criteria. We show that our proposed design provides improved understandability and adaptability, while maintaining a slim library with highly reusable Function Block types.
Managing the design/environment interface: studies of integration mechanisms

Despite the various barriers that seem to hamper integration between product designers and environmental specialists, few studies have addressed how different mechanisms may reduce these barriers. This paper focuses on such mechanisms, specifically addressing product development within the electronics industry. On the basis of empirical case studies, different mechanisms are addressed regarding their potential to support integration between product designers and environmental specialists. Consistent with the literature on conventional product development, the findings indicate that both organizational mechanisms and technological mechanisms seem valid for facilitating such integration.
Experimental Study of the Effects of Bleed Holes on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Trapezoidal Passages With Tapered Turbulators

Trailing edge cooling cavities in modern gas turbine blades often have trapezoidal cross-sectional areas of relatively low aspect ratio. To enhance cooling effectiveness in these passages, they are roughened with tapered turbulators. Furthermore, to provide additional cooling for the trailing edge, the cooling air may be ejected through trailing edge slots as it moves radially along the cooling passage. The tapered turbulators, in conjunction with the presence of these slots along the smaller base of the trapezoidal cavity, create spanwise as well as longitudinal variations in heat transfer coefficient on the turbulated walls. Moreover, the continuous variation of cooling air velocity along these passages causes a continuous change in static pressure which also requires investigation. Liquid crystals are used in this experimental investigation to study the effects of tapered turbulators on heat transfer coefficients in trailing edge passages with and without bleed holes. The tapered turbulators are configured on two opposite walls of the trapezoidal test section in a staggered arrangement with an angle of attack to the mainstream flow, α, of 90°. Nine different test geometries consisting of two passage aspect ratios, AR, were tested over a range of turbulator aspect ratios, ARt, blockage ratios, emax/Dh, pitch-to-height ratios, S/emax, and Reynolds numbers. Channel pressure losses were also measured and both heat transfer and friction factor results for several geometries are compared. It is concluded that a) there exists a large spanwise variation in heat transfer coefficient in test sections with no bleed holes, b) adding bleed holes to the smaller base of the trapezoidal cavity gives a spanwise velocity component to the mainstream flow and reduces this variation, and c) Nusselt numbers measured in the test sections with bleed holes correlate well with local Reynolds number.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
Exposing Early CS Majors to Coding Interview Practices: An HBCU Case Study*

The demand for candidates to fill job vacancies in the field of Computer Science (CS), especially in the industry sector, is high. Yet, the supply of CS candidates to fill these positions remain low. Student attrition in CS departments and their inability to produce a sufficient representation of candidates can attribute to one aspect of this problem. Another reason is a candidate's inability to showcase the appropriate skill-sets and related preparation needed for such career-based opportunities. One approach has been to incorporate industry-based practices into the CS classroom as a way to equip and prepare majors for such expectations. Coding interview exercises are one notable practice. Aspects of this particular practice have been examined in academic settings. However, there is a lack of current studies that examine this type of practice at earlier stages of a CS curriculum. This article discusses a case study for exposing early CS majors to relative coding interview practices in the form of whiteboard problem solving. During the Fall 2020 semester, a PRE and POST virtual whiteboard problem-solving exercise were conducted on a CS2 and Object-Oriented Programming course at a Mid-Atlantic HBCU in the United States. The results revealed that majority of the students in both courses were able to complete the problem sets for both exercises successfully. Likewise, both groups expressed a favorable perception about these exercises, and exhibited adequate levels of comfort for completing these exercises. However, both groups also showed adequate levels of anxiety.
Optical communication system for high‐capacity LAN

In this article, it is proposed a model for multilevel polarization modulation tailored to Local Area Networks (LAN's), which exploits optical fiber intrinsic properties to obtain, with the same bandwidth, a higher single‐channel throughput with a reduced receiver complexity. This is achieved through a “fluid” constellation of confined bands. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:389–393, 2016