Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presupposition contributions in stand-up comedy (discourse analysis of Raditya Dika’s stand-up comedy on YouTube)

This study aims to find out how a comic establishes strategy through presupposition in contributing to building a humour effect in stand-up comedy. A qualitative descriptive method was employed in this research to get full and depth conception. Fifteen (15) stand-up comedy videos hosted by Raditya Dika on YouTube are used in this research. All data obtained then transcribed which then selected 60 statements that considered representing the entire transcript data. From 60 statements, it can be found 651 presuppositions that contribute to building the effects of humour. Presupposition contribution in constructing the effects of humour lies at the level of cognitive process, semantic mechanism, and contextual speech. At the cognitive process level, the researcher finds that presupposition will contribute in creating humour if in a statement there is a presupposition with different and conflicting perspectives. At the semantic mechanism level, the presuppositions of the latter sentence can produce humour by relying on the reference to the previous sentence. For the contextual speech, presupposition will contribute to the creation of humour if it violates the conversational maxim.
Crack Length Effect on the Fracture Behavior of Single-Crystals and Bi-Crystals of Aluminum

Molecular dynamics simulations of cracked nanocrystals of aluminum were performed in order to investigate the crack length and grain boundary effects. Atomistic models of single-crystals and bi-crystals were built considering 11 different crack lengths. Novel approaches based on fracture mechanics concepts were proposed to predict the crack length effect on single-crystals and bi-crystals. The results showed that the effect of the grain boundary on the fracture resistance was beneficial increasing the fracture toughness almost four times for bi-crystals.
Key Factors Influencing Vietnam REDD+ Participation

ABSTRACT There is a wide range of potential factors directly and indirectly influencing the decision of households participating in Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) programs. These potential factors can be grouped into characteristics of household heads, household characteristics, awareness of households on REDD+ program, and REDD+ policies factors. In this study, a survey conducted of 250 households (including 125 households participating and 125 non-participants in REDD+ program) in Ban Cam commune, Bao Thang district, Lao Cai province (150 households); and in Muong Phang commune, Dien Bien district, Dien Bien province (100 households), Vietnam. Binary logistic regression was used to identify key factors that significantly affect the decisions of households participating in REDD+ programs in the study area. Six key factors influencing household participation in REDD+ programs in the study area were identified, namely ethnicity, forestland area, educational level of household head, concern about forest degradation, equal distribution of government payment, and understanding of benefit on REDD+. The findings of this research provide implications for solution development, with the aim being to encourage participation of local households in REDD+ programs in the study area.
Heart rate variability for small animal veterinarians - A concise debate

Abstract This manuscript aims to provide a simple and concise discussion on heart rate variability (HRV) for small animal veterinarians. Despite the fact that heart rate variability analysis techniques have been used for quite a long time in medical sciences, it seems to be not completely understood by a large fraction of veterinarian professionals, thereby, reducing the possible benefits to patients that could arise from such information. The analysis of the R-R intervals enables the veterinarian to evaluate autonomic sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of the heart, composing the so-called cardiac autonomic balance. Several pathophysiological states lead to profound changes in autonomic balance, especially in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, heart rate variability methods remain a valuable and powerful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.
Associations Between Brain Volumes and Cognitive Tests with Hypertensive Burden in UK Biobank

Background: Mid-life hypertension is an established risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia and related to greater brain atrophy and poorer cognitive performance. Previous studies often have small sample sizes from older populations that lack utilizing multiple measures to define hypertension such as blood pressure, self-report information, and medication use; furthermore, the impact of the duration of hypertension is less extensively studied. Objective: To investigate the relationship between hypertension defined using multiple measures and length of hypertension with brain measure and cognition. Methods: Using participants from the UK Biobank MRI visit with blood pressure measurements (n = 31,513), we examined the cross-sectional relationships between hypertension and duration of hypertension with brain volumes and cognitive tests using generalized linear models adjusted for confounding. Results: Compared with normotensives, hypertensive participants had smaller brain volumes, larger white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and poorer performance on cognitive tests. For total brain, total grey, and hippocampal volumes, those with greatest duration of hypertension had the smallest brain volumes and the largest WMH, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volumes. For other subcortical and white matter microstructural regions, there was no clear relationship. There were no significant associations between duration of hypertension and cognitive tests. Conclusion: Our results show hypertension is associated with poorer brain and cognitive health however, the impact of duration since diagnosis warrants further investigation. This work adds further insights by using multiple measures defining hypertension and analysis on duration of hypertension which is a substantial advance on prior analyses—particularly those in UK Biobank which present otherwise similar analyses on smaller subsets.
Non-Invasive Physical Plasma Enhances the Membrane Permeability to Low Molecular Weight Compounds and Subsequently Leads to the Loss of Cellular ATP and the Devitalization of Epithelial Cancer Cells

Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP) achieves biomedical effects primarily through the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In clinical use, these species interact with cells of the treated tissue, affecting the cytoplasmic membrane first. The present study investigated the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of breast cancer cells with different fluorescent dyes after NIPP treatment and determined the subsequent effects on cell viability. After NIPP treatment and the associated formation of reactive oxygen species, low molecular weight compounds were able to pass through the cytoplasmic membrane in both directions to a higher extent. Consequently, a loss of cellular ATP into the extracellular space was induced. Due to these limitations in cell physiology, apoptosis was induced in the cancer cells and the entire cell population exhibited decreased cell growth. It can be concluded that NIPP treatment disturbs the biochemical functionality of the cytoplasmic membrane of cancer cells, which massively impairs their viability. This observation opens a vast application horizon of NIPP therapy to treat precancerous and malignant diseases beyond breast cancer therapy.
Perches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review

Simple Summary High ambient temperature is a critical environmental challenge to the egg industry worldwide. Laying hens that are under heat stress are unable to maintain a balance between body heat production and heat loss, leading to hyperthermia, which substantially disturbs physiological homeostasis and consequently reduces all parameters of production performance, e.g., egg production, egg quality, feed intake, feed efficiency rate, and longevity—ultimately causing substantial economic losses. To alleviate these deleterious effects, the egg industry and poultry scientists are working towards developing cooling methods to prevent heat stress. This review summarizes our recent discoveries that perches can be used as cooling devices to avoid or reduce heat stress detrimental effects on hen production, health, and welfare. Our results provide a novel strategy: perches, one key furnishment in cage-free and enriched colony facilities of modern laying hens, could be modified as cooling devices to improve hen thermal comfort during hot seasons. Abstract Heat stress is one of the most detrimental environmental challenges affecting the biological process and the related production performance of farm animals, especially in poultry. Commercial laying hens have been bred (selected) for high egg production, resulting in increased sensitivity to heat stress due to breeding-linked metabolic heat production. In addition, laying hens are prone to heat stress due to their inadequate species-specific cooling mechanisms resulting in low heat tolerance. In addition, hens have no sweat glands and feathering covers almost their entire body to minimize body heat loss. The poultry industry and scientists are developing cooling methods to prevent or reduce heat stress-caused damage to chicken health, welfare, and economic losses. We have designed and tested a cooling system using perches, in which chilled water (10 °C) circulates through a conventional perch passing through the layer cages to offer the cooling potential to improve hen health, welfare, and performance during acute and chronic periods of heat stress (35 °C). This review summarizes the outcomes of a multi-year study using the designed cooled perch system. The results indicate that conducting heat from perching hens directly onto the cooled perch system efficiently reduces heat stress and related damage in laying hens. It provides a novel strategy: perches, one key furnishment in cage-free and enriched colony facilities, could be modified as cooling devices to improve thermal comfort for hens during hot seasons, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions.
Systematic Evaluation of a Novel Self-Healing Poly(acrylamide-co-vinyl acetate)/Alginate Polymer Gel for Fluid Flow Control in High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs

Preferential fluid flow often occurs when water and CO2 is injected into mature oilfields, significantly reducing their injection efficiency. Particle gels have been evaluated and applied to control the short circulation problems. This study systematically investigated a novel poly(acrylamide-co-vinyl acetate)/alginate-based interpenetrated gel system (Alg-IPNG) which is designed to control the preferential fluid flow problems in high-temperature reservoirs. Chromium acetate was incorporated into the gel system to provide the delayed crosslinking feature of the particle gels. The alginate polymer system can also take advantage of the Ca2+ ions in the formation water, which exist in most reservoirs, to reinforce its strength by capturing the Ca2+ to form Ca–alginate bonds. In this paper, various characterizations for the Alg-IPNGs before and after the self-healing process were introduced: (1) the elastic modulus is set at up to 1890 Pa, and (2) the water uptake ratio is set at up to 20. In addition, we also discuss their possible self-healing and reinforcement mechanisms. In particular, the self-healing starting time of the Alg-IPNG particles are modified between 38 to 60 h, which is related to the water uptake ratio, Ca2+ concentration, and temperature. The reinforced Alg-IPNG gel has an enhanced thermal stability (180 days) at the temperature up to 110 °C.
Disparities in Access to Preemptive Repeat Kidney Transplant: Still Missing the Mark?

Key Points Preemptive kidney transplant (PKT) is associated with improved survival versus transplant after a period of dialysis. There are inequities in access to repeat PKT. Those with lower education or socioeconomic status, those of Black or Hispanic race, and men are less likely to receive repeat PKT. Visual Abstract Background The need for repeat transplant due to failing kidney allografts is increasing over time. The benefit of preemptive kidney retransplant (PKre-T) is controversial. Marginalized populations are less likely to undergo their first transplant preemptively; however, whether inequities exist for those undergoing PKre-T is unknown. Methods We performed a cohort study of adult patients undergoing live and deceased kidney transplant in the United States from 2000 to 2018 identified using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, and we identified patients with first preemptive kidney transplant (PKT) and PKre-T. In the primary analysis, a multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of PKre-T. In secondary analyses, multivariable Cox models were used to determine the association of PKre-T with death-censored and all-cause graft loss. Results In total, 4910 (15.5%) patients underwent PKre-T, and 43,293 (19.1%) underwent first PKT. Inequities in access to PKre-T persisted (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.55 for unemployed versus full time; OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.25 for graduate school versus not completing high school; OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.70 for Black versus White race); 7.1% of all transplanted Black patients received PKre-T versus 17.4% of White patients. Women were more likely to undergo PKre-T than men (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.57). PKre-T was associated with superior graft survival relative to retransplant after a period of dialysis (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.80 for all-cause graft failure; HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.81 for death-censored graft loss). Conclusions Despite improved patient and graft survival, inequities in access to PKre-T persist. Patients with lower education, patients with reduced employment status, patients of Black race, and men are less likely to receive PKre-T.
The human capital of migrants and the convergence of wages in the regions of Russia

In this paper we present the results of the assessment of the impact of internal migration and human capital of migrants on the convergence of regions on wages. Using Rosstat data for 2002—2016 for 77 Russian Regions we have estimated dynamic GMM model with spatial effects. The results have showed that internal migration increases the speed of convergence regions on wages. The impact of migration on the wage convergence of regions depends on the level of education of migrants.
The Relationship between Financial Development and Energy Consumption in South Africa

This paper examines the nexus between financial development and energy consumption in South Africa. To determine the long run and short run relationship between financial development and energy consumption in South Africa, the paper uses an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds test (ARDL) and Granger causality test to establish the type of correlation between 1980 and 2018. ARDL bounds testing method offers concrete long-run estimates and t-statistics as it is flexible whether the adopted variables are I(0) or I(1). The study used per capita (kilogram, kg of oil equivalent) to measure total energy consumption, domestic credit to the private sector (percentage of gross domestic product, GDP) to measure financial development, real GDP growth (to capture economic growth), industrial value added (percentage of GDP) to measure industrialization, and urban population (percentage of total population) to capture urbanization. Results from ARDL showed that the relationship between financial development and energy consumption is positive in nature both in short-run and long-run. Granger causality test results revealed unidirectional causality from financial development to energy consumption. Policymakers need to formulate policy reforms that channels more credit to private sector development in order to bolster more energy use in South Africa. There ought to be proper balance between financial development and energy consumption to avoid electricity crisis.
Linguistic–Cultural Mediation in Asylum and Refugee Settings and Its Emotional Impact on Arabic–Spanish Interpreters

Emotional factors in linguistic–cultural mediation have attracted the attention of prior literature for a number of decades, both regarding the cognitive processes involved in language interpreting and the impact of stress and emotion on the performance of interpreters. However, research has not yet been replicated in the Arabic–Spanish pair, despite it being one of the combinations most requested by public services in Spain and Europe. Methodology: An exploratory study conducted by an anonymous online 17-item survey was carried out in order to discover the perception of Arabic–Spanish interpreters in asylum and refugee settings about the emotional impact of their job. Out of 30 contacted, 23 active interpreters completed the survey. Results: The answers showed that all of the interpreters had been exposed to situations that had emotionally impacted them. Triggering situations and a list of negative emotions were collected. Discussion: Direct and indirect implications of the referred emotional episodes and their consequences on the performance of the interpreters were analysed and discussed. Conclusions: Linguistic–cultural mediation in these settings exposes interpreters to harsh stories that trigger mostly negative emotions. These professionals lack psychological support; thus, they are forced to deal individually with each situation, without taking into account the possible consequences on their work and their physical and mental health.
Goat Type Selection and Molecular Markers; a Solution for Milk Production in Recently Desertified Zones

Goat farming has been severely affected by Desertification, limiting their water and food resources and inducing physiological heat stress that reduces the doe milk yield. Does well adapted to heat stress would be a possible solution, but creole or indigenous goats from desert or arid areas produce between 0.5 to 1.5 L of milk per day, which is lower than the 3 L of milk per day produced by dairy goats like the Saanen breed. Nevertheless, in this chapter, we will discuss the disadvantages of introducing common dairy goats in dry places. Instead, we propose the introduction of desert goats from the Middle East or India, because they produce high-quality milk with low feed intake, making a profitable goat farming activity, and an opportunity to include crossbreeding strategies to improve the herd milk yield. Creole goats, on other hand, has been an underestimated livestock animal with a rich and unveil genetic patrimony that migth improve the herd milk yield. The effect of improved diets and extensive husbandry conditions remains unexplored in desert creole goats, and the use of advanced knowledge in goat genomics, genetic expression, and a wide variety of molecular markers can improve the studies on creole goats for crossbreeding strategies identifying the best traits involved in high-quality milk production and adaptation to dry environments. In this way, the synergy between goat type selection and molecular markers should boost goat farming in recently new desert or arid zones, counteracting the detrimental effects produced by the desertification.
Detection and Classification of COVID-19 by Lungs Computed Tomography Scan Image Processing using Intelligence Algorithm

The latest World Health Organization statistics show that the number of people living with COVID-19 disease is now more than 42 million worldwide. Some diagnosis methods include detecting and observing clinical symptoms associated with the disease (fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, and muscle fatigue). Some other methods, such as computed tomography (CT)-scan imaging from the lungs, are the more accurate diagnostic methods. In this study, we examine the types of abnormal COVID-19 can cause in the lungs of infected subjects and detect and classify this disease. In this paper, we used data from the lung's CT-scan images from the 79 participants. To do this, in this article, for processing CT-scan images of the lungs to diagnose and classification of the COVID-19 disease in men and women of different ages, for rapid diagnosis and high accuracy of this disease by the automatic classification algorithm is used. The final results showed that the proposed method could base on different categories (gender, age categories, and type of damage caused by COVID-19) with high detection and classification accuracy. The algorithm presented in this article has accurately identified the data of healthy subjects and patients with coronavirus.
The Development of Dual Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF)

Dual vaccines (n = 6) against both lumpy skin disease (LSD) and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) were constructed, based on the BEFV glycoprotein (G) gene, with or without the BEFV matrix (M) protein gene, inserted into one of two different LSDV backbones, nLSDV∆SOD-UCT or nLSDVSODis-UCT. The inserted gene cassettes were confirmed by PCR; and BEFV protein was shown to be expressed by immunofluorescence. The candidate dual vaccines were initially tested in a rabbit model; neutralization assays using the South African BEFV vaccine (B-Phemeral) strain showed an African consensus G protein gene (Gb) to give superior neutralization compared to the Australian (Ga) gene. The two LSDV backbones expressing both Gb and M BEFV genes were tested in cattle and shown to elicit neutralizing responses to LSDV as well as BEFV after two inoculations 4 weeks apart. The vaccines were safe in cattle and all vaccinated animals were protected against virulent LSDV challenge, unlike a group of control naïve animals, which developed clinical LSD. Both neutralizing and T cell responses to LSDV were stimulated upon challenge. After two inoculations, all vaccinated animals produced BEFV neutralizing antibodies ≥ 1/20, which is considered protective for BEF.
On the variability of gender in Michif

Michif, a critically endangered Metis mixed language still spoken by an estimated few dozen to a few hundred people across the Canadian Prairie provinces and British Columbia, makes use of two different gender systems: the French sex-based system contrasting masculine and feminine gender, and the Algonquian animacy-based system contrasting animate with inanimate gender. Systems distinguishing both animacy and sex-based gender are typologically rare, and the goal of this paper is to investigate both the productivity of Michif gender across the language, and the consistency (or put another way, the variability) of gender assignment in Michif. The data in this paper comes primarily from a reanalysis of previous research on Michif, with a goal to look at how variability plays a role in gender in Michif, and what this may tell us about gender more broadly. I suggest that we may want to treat gender as a variable phenomenon in the grammar more generally than is traditionally assumed.