Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE MATRYOSHKA RUN. II. TIME-DEPENDENT TURBULENCE STATISTICS, STOCHASTIC PARTICLE ACCELERATION, AND MICROPHYSICS IMPACT IN A MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTER

We use the Matryoshka run to study the time-dependent statistics of structure-formation-driven turbulence in the intracluster medium of a 1015M☉ galaxy cluster. We investigate the turbulent cascade in the inner megaparsec for both compressional and incompressible velocity components. The flow maintains approximate conditions of fully developed turbulence, with departures thereof settling in about an eddy-turnover time. Turbulent velocity dispersion remains above 700 km s−1 even at low mass accretion rate, with the fraction of compressional energy between 10% and 40%. The normalization and the slope of the compressional turbulence are susceptible to large variations on short timescales, unlike the incompressible counterpart. A major merger occurs around redshift z ≃ 0 and is accompanied by a long period of enhanced turbulence, ascribed to temporal clustering of mass accretion related to spatial clustering of matter. We test models of stochastic acceleration by compressional modes for the origin of diffuse radio emission in galaxy clusters. The turbulence simulation model constrains an important unknown of this complex problem and brings forth its dependence on the elusive microphysics of the intracluster plasma. In particular, the specifics of the plasma collisionality and the dissipation physics of weak shocks affect the cascade of compressional modes with strong impact on the acceleration rates. In this context radio halos emerge as complex phenomena in which a hierarchy of processes acting on progressively smaller scales are at work. Stochastic acceleration by compressional modes implies statistical correlation of radio power and spectral index with merging cores distance, both testable in principle with radio surveys.
School-wide positive behaviour interventions and support in Dutch schools for special education

ABSTRACT This study explores teachers’ experiences with School-Wide Positive Behaviour Interventions and Support (SWPBIS) at three special education (SPED) schools type 4 in the Netherlands. These SPED schools focus on supporting children with mental health difficulties or challenging behaviour. In 2014, an Act was introduced in the Netherlands with the aim of mainstreaming students with special educational needs (SEN) meaning they are educated in an inclusive environment with students who do not have such needs unless the nature and degree of those needs are such that they warrant a more specific support measure or intervention, which mainstream education cannot cater for. As a result, the manifestation of problem behaviour of students in SPED schools became more complex and intense. Based on 25 individual interviews and three group interviews with 40 SPED teachers, results indicate they experienced a safer and predictable school climate due to SWPBIS. In addition, teachers mentioned positive developments concerning team building, staff turnover and coping with a changing student population. More specifically they mentioned more open and positive communication, a sense of belonging and loyalty to their colleagues, and a shared commitment to their students in comparison to the situation prior to the introduction of SWPBIS. Staff also emphasised this approach contributed to a shared language. The development and dialogue on shared school values and the teaching of behavioural expectations as rules and procedures across school settings supported new staff-members to more easily integrate this with organisational routine and school culture and this contributed to a more predictable and safer environment for their vulnerable students.
The Effect of Organizational Culture and Organizational Climate Through Motivation Work towards Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Of Elementary School Teachers in Lampihong

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect effect of work motivation as an intermediary variable in the influence of organizational culture and organizational climate through work motivation on teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). It employed a quantitative approach using the type of correlational research with path analysis. The research population was 172 elementary school teachers in Lampihong, with a sample of 120 teachers determined by using proportional random sampling. The data were collected through questionnaires which were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The conclusion of this study is organizational culture and organizational climate in the very high classification, while work motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the high classification. The suggestions given to the principal of elementary school teachers in Lampihong are in order to maintain OCB behavior, understanding the organization's mission and support at work, so that teachers are happy to be willing to work overtime to complete work, ready to work outside working hours, attendance at work is above standards set by the organization, and participate in education and training without being instructed.
The number of degrees of freedom of three-dimensional Navier–Stokes turbulence

In Kolmogorov’s phenomenological theory of turbulence, the energy spectrum in the inertial range scales with the wave number k as k−5/3 and extends up to a dissipation wave number kν, which is given in terms of the energy dissipation rate ϵ and viscosity ν by kν∝(ϵ/ν3)1/4. This result leads to Landau’s heuristic estimate for the number of degrees of freedom that scales as Re9/4, where Re is the Reynolds number. Here we consider the possibility of establishing a quantitative basis for these results from first principles. In particular, we examine the extent to which they can be derived from the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes system, making use of Kolmogorov’s hypothesis of finite and viscosity-independent energy dissipation only. It is found that the Taylor microscale wave number kT (a close cousin of kν) can be expressed in the form kT≤CU/ν=(CU/‖u‖)1/2(ϵ/ν3)1/4. Here U and ‖u‖ are a “microscale” velocity and the root mean square velocity, respectively, and C≤1 is a dynamical parameter. This result can be.
GRB 070518: a gamma-ray burst with optically dim luminosity

We present our optical observations of the GRB 070518 afterglow obtained at the 0.8-m Tsinghua University-National Astronomical Observatory of China Telescope (TNT) at Xinglong Observatory. Our follow-up observations were performed from 512 s after the burst trigger. With the upper limit of redshift ~0.7, GRB 070518 is found to be an optically dim burst. The spectra indices β ox of optical to X-ray are slightly larger than 0.5, which implies that the burst might be a dark burst. The extinction A V of the host galaxy is 3.2 mag, inferred from the X-ray hydrogen column density with Galactic extinction law, and 0.3 mag with the Small Magellanic Cloud extinction law. Also, it is similar to three other low-redshift optically dim bursts, which belong to X-ray rich gamma-ray bursts or X-ray flashes and have mid-term duration (T 90 < 10, except for GRB 070419A, T 90 £= 116 s). Moreover, its R-band afterglow flux is well fitted by a single power law with an index of 0.87. The optical afterglow and the X-ray afterglow in the normal segment might have the same mechanism, as they are consistent with the prediction of the classical external shock model. Besides, GRB 070518 agrees with the Amati relation under reasonable assumptions. The Ghirlanda relation is also tested with the burst.
THE BOLOCAM GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY. XI. TEMPERATURES AND SUBSTRUCTURE OF GALACTIC CLUMPS BASED ON 350 μM OBSERVATIONS

We present 107 maps of continuum emission at 350 μm from Galactic molecular clumps. Observed sources were mainly selected from the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) catalog, with three additional maps covering star-forming regions in the outer Galaxy. The higher resolution of the SHARC-II images (8.″5 beam) compared with the 1.1 mm images from BGPS (33″ beam) allowed us to identify a large population of smaller substructures within the clumps. A catalog is presented for the 1386 sources extracted from the 350 μm maps. The color temperature distribution of clumps based on the two wavelengths has a median of 13.3 K and mean of 16.3 ± 0.4 K, assuming an opacity law index of 1.7. For the structures with good determination of color temperatures, the mean ratio of gas temperature, determined from NH3 observations, to dust color temperature is 0.88 and the median ratio is 0.76. About half the clumps have more than 2 substructures and 22 clumps have more than 10. The fraction of the mass in dense substructures seen at 350 μm compared to the mass of their parental clump is ∼0.19, and the surface densities of these substructures are, on average, 2.2 times those seen in the clumps identified at 1.1 mm. For a well-characterized sample, 88 structures (31%) exceed a surface density of 0.2 g cm−2, and 18 (6%) exceed 1.0 g cm−2, thresholds for massive star formation suggested by theorists.
Finite element analysis of heat transfer by natural convection in porous media in vertical enclosures: Investigations in Darcy and non‐Darcy regimes

Presents a numerical study on heat transfer by natural convection in porous media in vertical enclosures with side wall heating. The model for porous media includes inertia terms and also the Brinkman extension in addition to the Darcy resistance term. A semi‐implicit finite element scheme based on operator splitting method is adopted for solving the time‐dependent system of equations. The first half of the investigations is confined to the low permeability regime where Darcy law holds good. Presents the results for annular and rectangular cavities and proposes correlations for two types of boundary conditions, namely constant wall temperature case and uniform wall heat flux case. In the second half of the investigations, the scheme is applied in a high permeability regime, where the validity of Darcy law becomes questionable. Employs plane rectangular cavities with the two types of boundary conditions mentioned earlier. Highlights the influence of Rayleigh number (Ra) and Darcy number (Da) as separate parameters and proposes correlations for a square cavity for the first time in terms of Ra and Da as separate parameters. Discusses a qualitative study of the effect of aspect ratio on heat transfer as the permeability changes.
Additive and multiplicative structure of c$^{\star}$-sets

It is known that for an IP${^\star}$ set $A$ in $\mathbb{N}$ and a sequence $ _{n=1}^{\infty}$ there exists a sum subsystem $ _{n=1}^{\infty}$ of $ _{n=1}^{\infty}$ such that $FS( _{n=1}^\infty)\cup FP( _{n=1}^\infty)\subseteq A$. Similar types of results also have been proved for central* sets where the sequences have been taken from the class of minimal sequences. In this present work we will prove some analogues results for C$^{\star}$-sets for a more general class of sequences.
Odd-parity superconductivity by competing spin-orbit coupling and orbital effect in artificial heterostructures

We show that odd-parity superconductivity occurs in multilayer Rashba systems without requiring spin-triplet Cooper pairs. A pairing interaction in the spin-singlet channel stabilizes the odd-parity pair-density-wave (PDW) state in the magnetic field parallel to the two-dimensional conducting plane. It is shown that the layer-dependent Rashba spin-orbit coupling and the orbital effect play essential roles for the PDW state in binary and tricolor heterostructures. We demonstrate that the odd-parity PDW state is a symmetry-protected topological superconducting state characterized by the one-dimensional winding number in the symmetry class BDI. The superconductivity in the artificial heavy-fermion superlattice CeCoIn_5/YbCoIn_5 and bilayer interface SrTiO_3/LaAlO_3 is discussed.
Roles of Energy Dissipation in a Liquid-Solid Transition of Out-of-Equilibrium Systems

Self-organization of active matter as well as driven granular matter in non-equilibrium dynamical states has attracted considerable attention not only from the fundamental and application viewpoints but also as a model to understand the occurrence of such phenomena in nature. These systems share common features originating from their intrinsically out-of-equilibrium nature. It remains elusive how energy dissipation affects the state selection in such non-equilibrium states. As a simple model system, we consider a non-equilibrium stationary state maintained by continuous energy input, relevant to industrial processing of granular materials by vibration and/or flow. More specifically, we experimentally study roles of dissipation in self-organization of a driven granular particle monolayer. We find that the introduction of strong inelasticity entirely changes the nature of the liquid-solid transition from two-step (nearly) continuous transitions (liquid-hexatic-solid) to a strongly discontinuous first-order-like one (liquid-solid), where the two phases with different effective temperatures can coexist, unlike thermal systems, under a balance between energy input and dissipation. Our finding indicates a pivotal role of energy dissipation and suggests a novel principle in the self-organization of systems far from equilibrium. A similar principle may apply to active matter, which is another important class of out-of-equilibrium systems. On noting that interaction forces in active matter, and particularly in living systems, are often non-conservative and dissipative, our finding may also shed new light on the state selection in these systems.
The spatially resolved Kennicutt–Schmidt relation in the H i-dominated regions of spiral and dwarf irregular galaxies

We study the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation between average star formation rate and average cold gas surface density in the Hi dominated ISM of nearby spiral and dwarf irregular galaxies. We divide the galaxies into grid cells varying from sub-kpc to tens of kpc in size. Grid-cell measurements of low SFRs using H-alpha emission can be biased and scatter may be introduced because of non-uniform sampling of the IMF or because of stochastically varying star formation. In order to alleviate these issues, we use far-ultraviolet emission to trace SFR, and we sum up the fluxes from different bins with the same gas surface density to calculate the average $\Sigma_{SFR}$ at a given value of $\Sigma_{gas}$. We study the resulting Kennicutt-Schmidt relation in 400 pc, 1 kpc and 10 kpc scale grids in nearby massive spirals and in 400 pc scale grids in nearby faint dwarf irregulars. We find a relation with a power law slope of 1.5 in the HI-dominated regions for both kinds of galaxies. The relation is offset towards longer gas consumption timescales compared to the molecular hydrogen dominated centres of spirals, but the offset is an order-of-magnitude less than that quoted by earlier studies. Our results lead to the surprising conclusion that conversion of gas to stars is independent of metallicity in the HI dominated regions of star-forming galaxies. Our observed relations are better fit by a model of star formation based on thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium in the ISM, in which feedback driven turbulence sets the thermal pressure.
Detection and Classification of Knee Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects nearly 240 million people worldwide. Knee OA is the most common type of arthritis, especially in older adults. Physicians measure the severity of knee OA according to the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scale through visual inspection of X-ray or MR images. We propose a semi-automatic CADx model based on Deep Siamese convolutional neural networks and a fine-tuned ResNet-34 to simultaneously detect OA lesions in the two knees according to the KL scale. The training was done using a public dataset, whereas the validations were performed with a private dataset. Some problems of the imbalanced dataset were solved using transfer learning. The model results average of the multi-class accuracy is 61%, presenting better performance results for classifying classes KL-0, KL-3, and KL-4 than KL-1 and KL-2. The classification results were compared and validated using the classification of experienced radiologists.
Saturn's Magnetotail

Saturn has often been described as intermediate between Earth and Jupiter in terms of its magnetospheric dynamics. It has a well-developed magnetotail, the region which stretches vast distances on the nightside of the planet, shaped by the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) flowing past the magnetosphere. This chapter describes the large-scale tail structure, magnetospheric dynamics, and remote sensing in detail. In addition to in situ exploration of Saturn's tail, planetary radio emissions and auroral images can be used as excellent remote diagnostics of tail dynamics. The chapter discusses Saturn's radio emissions and auroral images in more detail. Remote sensing of radio emissions and images of Saturn's aurora in a multitude of wavelengths show the far-reaching effects of tail reconfigurations.
Exploiting Social Capital for Recommendation in Social Networks

—Many computational techniques have been proposed by social networks to analyze the users’ behaviors to recommend relevant content for them. Social networks generate a huge volume of information, which users cannot consume, generating a problem known as information overload. This way, ﬁltering relevant information to help users with this problem becomes necessary. Social networks have many available features, such as relationships and interactions, which can be used to investigate the users’ behaviors regarding news on their feed. The value of news can be deﬁned as Social Capital, which is used by this work to model the user’s preferences. This paper aims to investigate, model, and quantify interactions on social networks by exploiting social capital to develop a recommender system. Hence, in order to evaluate recommendations, an experiment was conducted with real users. Results show that our proposal was able to generate relevant recommendations on at least 62% of the scenarios.
STOCHASTIC MODEL OF THE SPIN DISTRIBUTION OF DARK MATTER HALOS

We employ a stochastic approach to probing the origin of the log-normal distributions of halo spin in N-body simulations. After analyzing spin evolution in halo merging trees, it was found that a spin change can be characterized by a stochastic random walk of angular momentum. Also, spin distributions generated by random walks are fairly consistent with those directly obtained from N-body simulations. We derived a stochastic differential equation from a widely used spin definition and measured the probability distributions of the derived angular momentum change from a massive set of halo merging trees. The roles of major merging and accretion are also statistically analyzed in evolving spin distributions. Several factors (local environment, halo mass, merging mass ratio, and redshift) are found to influence the angular momentum change. The spin distributions generated in the mean-field or void regions tend to shift slightly to a higher spin value compared with simulated spin distributions, which seems to be caused by the correlated random walks. We verified the assumption of randomness in the angular momentum change observed in the N-body simulation and detected several degrees of correlation between walks, which may provide a clue for the discrepancies between the simulated and generated spin distributions in the voids. However, the generated spin distributions in the group and cluster regions successfully match the simulated spin distribution. We also demonstrated that the log-normality of the spin distribution is a natural consequence of the stochastic differential equation of the halo spin, which is well described by the Geometric Brownian Motion model.
Heavy gravitino in hybrid inflation

It is known that supersymmetric hybrid inflation model may require severe tunings on the initial condition for large gravitino mass of order 100 - 1000 TeV due to the constant term in the superpotential. We propose a modified hybrid inflation model, where the constant term is suppressed during inflation and generated after inflation by replacing a constant term with dynamical field. In this modified model, successful inflation consistent with large gravitino mass takes place without severe tunings on the initial condition. Constraint from cosmic strings is also relaxed.
InAs-GaSb laser: Prospects for efficient THz emission

We suggest to use InAs/GaSb coupled quantum wells for THz lasing. In these heterostructures THz lasing is based not on intersubband but on interband transitions. Crucial advantages of this design in comparison with intersubband lasers are (i) a large value of the interband dipole matrix element and (ii) easier maintaining of population inversion. These advantages lead to a gain of two orders of magnitude higher than for intersubband lasing. Even higher gain can be obtained in special design InAs/GaSb W-structures where a hybridization gap of 1-3THz is formed and optical density of states is singular.
LAMP: the long-term accretion monitoring programme of T Tauri stars in Chamaeleon I

We present the results of a variability study of accreting yo ung stellar objects in the Chameleon I star-forming region which is based on � 300 high resolution optical spectra from the multiobject fibre spectrograph FLAMES/GIRAFFE at the ESO/VLT. Twenty five objects with spectral types from G2 - M5.75 were observed 12 times over the course of 15 months. Using the emission lines Hα (6562.81 ˚
Spectral matching for abundances and clustering analysis of stars on the giant branches of ω Centauri

We have determined stellar parameters and abundances for 221 giant branch stars in the globular cluster ω Centauri. A combination of photometry and lower resolution spectroscopy was used to determine temperature, gravity, metallicity, [C/Fe], [N/Fe] and [Ba/Fe]. These abundances agree well with those found by previous researchers and expand the analysed sample of the cluster. k-means clustering analysis was used to group the stars into four homogeneous groups based upon these abundances. These stars show the expected anticorrelation between [C/Fe] and [N/Fe]. We investigated the distribution of CN-weak/CN-strong stars on the colour–magnitude diagram. Asymptotic giant branch stars, which were selected from their position on the colour–magnitude diagram, were almost all CN weak. This is in contrast to the red giant branch where a large minority were CN strong. The results were also compared with cluster formation and evolution models. Overall, this study shows that statistically significant elemental and evolutionary conclusions can be obtained from lower resolution spectroscopy.
Considering various aspects of models’ quality in the ML pipeline - application in the logistics sector

The industrial machine learning applications today involve developing and deploying MLOps pipelines to ensure the versatile quality of forecasting models over an extended period, simultaneously assuring the model’s accuracy, stability, short training time, and resilience. In this study, we present the ML pipeline conforming to all the abovementioned aspects of models’ quality formulated as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. We also provide the reference implementation on state-of-the-art methods for data preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, feature and instance selection, model fitting, and ensemble blending. The experimental study on the real data set from the logistics industry confirmed the qualities of the proposed approach, as the successful participation in an international data competition did.