Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bio-Photovoltaic: The Future of Electricity with Natural Resources

Electricity crisis is one of the biggest problems faces of the world which increases day by day. Today’s several sources are used for electricity generation but the by-product of them is highly toxic to human being and ecosystem. The simplest form of electricity, due to the presence of an electric charge which uses positive and negative ions, produces an electric field. The motion of electric charge is an electric current produces in complete resistors. The bio-photovoltaic cell is recently developed as an alternative technology which uses plant, fungi, moss and bacteria etc, to harness solar energy as a catalyst in plant rhizosphere to generate electricity. This technology may possibly be used as the method for electricity generates and makes an ecofriendly product and renewable fuels. The bio-photovoltaic cell system is consist of biological material that produced electrons through the process of photosynthesis due to which many electrons undergo oxidation of water transfer in electrodes through complete circuits. Many substrates involved in the production of electricity including organic or inorganic component used as provided for in biophotovoltaic cell system. These electrons are collected by using conductive electrodes which produces electricity. Hence, it is also known as bioelectrochemical device systems that convert to chemical energy into electrical energy that functions in a way similar to the microbial fuel cell. The current review paper emphasizes on the production of electricity through exploiting photosynthesis and the biological material that play a vital role production of electricity by using biophotovoltaic cell system with natural resources. Key-Words: Bio-Photovoltaic Cell; Photosynthesis; Bio-Source of Electricity; Electricity Generation.
Flow around a cylinder installed in a fixed-bed open channel

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 1631 (1997) Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-1631Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON AQAQIA – Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd

The use of medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of various ailments has been in practice from the time immemorial. Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. belonging to family Fabaceae has been reported to be effective against a variety of disease such as diabetes, hypertension, skin disorders and cancer. The plant has been mentioned by the name of Aqaqia or Ummeghilan in ancient Unani literature. Different parts of the plant viz., Gum, Bark, Leaves, Flowers, Seeds and Pods are used as medicine among various ethnic and rural societies. Gum acacia is the dried gummy exudate which is popularly known as Samgh arabi in traditional Unani medicine. The parts of the plant are considered as astringent, demulcent, emollient, aphrodisiac, haemostatic, anti-diarrhoeal with good nutritional value in Unani medicine. This communication is an attempt to compile and document information on different aspects of Acacia arabica mentioned in classical Unani as well as modern literature. The plant has been suggested to be taken up for further scientific investigations so as to validate the medicinal claims presented herein and to utilize its maximum therapeutic potential.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATIONS OF PRISON INMATESIN NIGERIA: EFFECTS ON SKILLS ACQUISITION FOR SELF RELIANCE

The study examined the entrepreneurship educations of prison inmates’ in Nigeria: effects on skills acquisition for self reliance. The research design for this study is an Expost Facto design. The population of the study is put at 5629 according to records of the Nigerian Prisons Service, Akwa Ibom State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 303 respondents out of the population.From the findings of the study, it was revealed that relationship between entrepreneurship educations and skills acquisition for self-reliance among Prison Inmates in Akwa Ibom Statehave a proportional effect on their skills acquisitions. Thesewill become a source of their livelihood after completing their jail terms, foster quickly integration into the labour market and the society and reduced stigmatization of getting a job or enrolling in apprenticeship. It isrecommended that the management of prisons establishments in Akwa Ibom State should give more time and resources to the prisons entrepreneurship education which contribute more to inmates’entrepreneurial skills acquisition.
E ects of e-commerce on local labor markets

How has the expansion of e-commerce over the past decade a ected labor markets? Utilizing the variation of state legislation on e-commerce sales tax collection -the Amazon Taxwhich reduced out-of-state e-commerce retailers’ price advantage, I nd declines in employment and wages in e-commerce complementary sectors, such as warehousing and last-mile transportation. In the retail sector, I observe declines in local employment and the number of establishments. E ects in retail are heterogeneous by sub-sector. While big box retail employment increases, other brick-and-mortar retail employment decreases. As the Amazon Tax may induce brickand-mortar retailers to incorporate online channels, I analyze changes in retail occupational structure. In non-urban areas, I nd an increase in the share of o ce and service occupations and a decrease in the share of sales and related occupations. Through a general equilibrium model, I nd that these results are consistent with an economy in which consumers substitute e-commerce purchases for big box purchases, which leads to the crowding out of other brickand-mortar retail.
Alternate bars in and meandering of alluvial rivers

The paper presents a linear perturbation analysis of a horizontal two-dimensional mathematical model for the flow and bed topography in straight alluvial rivers with dominant bed-load. A sediment transport model including effects of transverse bed slope, secondary (helical) flow and secondary flow inertia is employed. The stability and the propagation velocity of an unsteady perturbation is investigated. This stability analysis predicts wave lengths which are in good agreement with the wave lengths of alternate bars in straight laboratory flumes. The analysis predicts rather large propagation velocities of the perturbations. Several investigations have assumed the instability to cause meandering and braiding of rivers. However, in view of the corresponding large propagation velocity of the perturbation and the generally low erodibility of the banks, a non-propagating perturbation offers a more adequate explanation of the initiation of meanders and braids. In order to investigate this hypothesis a linear steady state perturbation analysis is carried out. The results of this analysis are compared with meander lengths measured in small meandering channels (laboratory experiments) and with data from large natural rivers. The agreement is good.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Person Re-Identification Via Individual-Preserving and Environmental-Switching Cyclic Generation

Unsupervised domain adaptation for person re-identification (Re-ID) suffers severe domain discrepancies between source and target domains. To reduce the domain shift caused by the changes of context, camera style, or viewpoint, existing methods in this field fine-tune and adapt the Re-ID model with augmented samples, either translating source samples to the target style or assigning pseudo labels to the target. The former methods may lose identity details but keep redundant source background during translation. In contrast, the latter techniques may give noisy labels when the model meets the unseen background and person pose. We mitigate the domain shift in the former translation direction by cyclically decoupling environment and identity-related features. We propose a novel individual-preserving and environmental-switching cyclic generation network (IPES-GAN). Our network has the following distinct features: 1) Decoupled features instead of fused features: we encode the images into an individual part and an environmental part, which are proved beneficial to generation and adaptation; 2) Cyclic generation instead of one-step adaptive generation. We swap source and target environment features to generate cross-domain images with preserved identity-related features conditioned with source (target) background features and then changed again to generate back the input image so that cyclic generation runs in a self-supervised way. Experiments carried out on two significant benchmarks: Market-1501 and DukeMTMC-Reid, reveal state-of-the-art performance.
Declining Public Universities: Patterns and Lessons for Public Policy and Administration: A Russian Case Study

ABSTRACT This paper examines the patterns, and possible causes and consequences of public universities decline across nations in general and Russian Federation in particular. It is argued that decline in public higher education systems is a common feature across the Western and developing nations as well as Russia. It is further argued that this global decline was, and still is to a great extent, triggered by a worldwide marketization of the higher education systems, sweeping privatization, and ideological conservative economic theory of market supremacy that led to the major shrinkage of public sectors’ resources and even deinstitutionalization of public institutions. The purpose of the study is to elaborate on the background and possible causes and consequences of declining public universities, and to reveal basic patterns of the decline with a particular reference to the Russian public higher education institutions (HEIs). The theoretical framework with related literature is drawn from the perspectives on organization theory (e.g., organizational decline, cutback management, organizational resource interdependency theory), public choice economic theory, bureaucratic politics, and political economy of public expenditures theory. An analytical approach is proposed and applied for evaluating the dynamics and potential outcomes, using a four-step analysis that covers (1) universities’ resource base dynamics indexes to calculate and to single out the group of declining organizations; (2) a cluster analysis of dynamic characteristics of declining public universities and their performances; (3)two sample t-tests were performed for declining universities; and (4) analysis of a series of semi-structured interviews with the top-management of seven particular declining Russian universities. Findings reveal that there are common causes for public universities decline, classified as intra-organizational, contextual, and technological factors. It is also illustrated that the dynamics of the performance characteristics of the declining public universities with statistically significant scores differ for the worse as compared to the control group. The findings allowed making a series of propositions for public policy and university leadership lesson-drawing, with several policy and administration implications for public higher education institutions across other nations worldwide.
A study on the comparison of minimally invasive surfactant therapy with insure technique of surfactant therapy in preterm babies with respiratory distress in a tertiary care hospital – A prospective cohort study

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common problem in preterm babies due to surfactant deficiency. Initially, babies were given surfactant therapy by intubation, surfactant administration, and extubation (INSURE) method. Minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) is a novel method of surfactant administration without intubation to spontaneously breathing preterm babies with RDS without the removal of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Aim: This study aims to compare the surfactant therapy in preterm babies with RDS through MIST and INSURE technique. Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in the neonatology unit of Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital. A total of 212 preterm babies of <37 weeks of gestation with features of RDS, who require surfactant are taken and divided into two groups. Very sick babies with congenital anomalies are excluded from the study. In MIST group (n=102), 8 Fr feeding tube is used to deliver surfactant while the baby is on CPAP. In INSURE group (n=102), surfactant is given by intubation through endotracheal tube without CPAP and extubated. Results: Mean birth weight was 1.26 kg in MIST and 1.22 kg in INSURE. Mean gestational age was 31.33 weeks in MIST and 31.11 weeks in INSURE. It was observed that there is a significant difference in terms of duration of oxygen requirement, neonatal intensive care unit stay, and surfactant spillage during administration in MIST group compared to INSURE group. However, duration of mechanical ventilation, CPAP, number of doses of surfactant, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, pneumothorax, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and mortality did not show significant difference in both the groups. Conclusion: MIST is safe, feasible, and more beneficial than INSURE technique.
An Analysis of the Relationship between Value Diversity and Project Implementation. A Case of Building Construction Projects in Kajiado County, Kenya, Africa.

The process of implementing building construction projects usually involves teams that are made up of individuals who are diverse in several aspects, which can be classified as either deep-level or surface-level diversity. Diversity in work-values has been seen to influence project performance in different fields. During the financial year 2016/2017, the County Government of Kajiado implemented a total of 50 building construction projects, which were meant to be completed within the financial year, but only 48% of the projects were deemed to be successfully implemented by the end of the period. Several factors have been attributed to the low success rate but none has looked at diversity in values among project team member. This research sought to determine the strength and nature of relationship between project team value diversity and building construction projects implementation process in Kajiado county. A pragmatic paradigm was employed in the research. Data was collected using semi-structure questionnaires from a random sample of 251 respondents while interviews were done on 11 key respondents. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means and standard deviations as well as inferential statistics like correlation and regression were generated from the quantitative data while qualitative data was thematically analysed. It was established that a moderate positive correlation (r=0.401 ) existed between value diversity and project implementation process. It can therefore be inferred that value diversity positively influences the process of implementation of building construction projects.
Peak Age of Information in Slotted ALOHA Networks

In this paper, we concentrate on the peak age of information (PAoI) in a discrete-time slotted ALOHA network comprised of $\boldsymbol {M}$ buffer-less nodes, capable of keeping just one packet at each slot. In this network, a collision happens whenever at least two nodes transmit their packets simultaneously. Thus, there is some interaction among queues, and the transmission delay of a packet might prolong more than one slot. The packets are generated at each node stochastically and independently. The nodes follow the preemptive queueing policy. In this network, we propose a trellis-based model to analyze packet system time and derive the exact average PAoI of symmetric and asymmetric slotted ALOHA networks. We confirm our analysis by simulation results in different conditions. By exploiting numerical results, we optimize the average PAoI of the symmetric slotted ALOHA network, find the PAoI-constrained regions, and compare the PAoI of slotted ALOHA networks with and without retransmission of the failed packets.
Modelling wall interactions of a high-pressure, hollow cone spray

Spray/wall interactions significantly influence air/fuel mixing and emissions in modern spark-ignited, direct injection engines. Yet, the complex phenomena are hardly understood - especially not with respect to the large number of parameters and the associated wide ranges occuring in an engine. Modelling spray/wall interactions thus presents a major drawback in numerical simulations done in engine development. This thesis focuses on the impact of dense, high-pressure hollow cone sprays for which existing wall interaction models are evaluated in detail and shown to fail. To the best of the author's knowledge no model adapted to the considered spray type was available which was furthermore accompanied by a severe lack of quantitative experimental data. Therefore, Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) is used to gather data on the normal impact of an isooctane spray with 50 bar injection pressure on a hemispherical copper target. The latter can be heated and wall temperatures up to 200°C are studied. Moreover, an additional oil film can be applied on the surface to simulate the oil film on a cylinder liner lubricating the piston motion. Variations in the particle Reynolds number between 2000 and 3000 on impact are achieved in changing the distance between injector and target. As the question how PDA data concerning spray/wall interaction have to be evaluated has not been studied thoroughly yet, a fundamental analysis was carried out and is presented in this thesis. The results are not limited to dense and high-pressure, hollow cone sprays but may serve as general guidelines for future data evaluation. Based on the measurements, the impact mechanisms of dense, high-pressure sprays are discussed where film fluctuations leading to ligament breakup are found to be decisive. For the considered high Reynolds numbers, inertial forces dominate all other forces which results in negligible parameter influence of the mean Reynolds number and the wall temperature. The oil film is observed to be quickly removed by the impacting spray which points out that spray/wall interactions on a cylinder liner may seriously endanger the operability of an engine. Finally, empirical correlations describing the secondary spray on wall interaction are developed from the gathered data and an extrapolation to oblique impact is proposed. This first empirical model adapted to dense, high-pressure hollow cone sprays is implemented in numerical code in a Lagrangian approach. Details of the implementation are given. The model is validated in several cases for impact angles between 30° and 90° measured relative to the wall and for injection pressures of 50 bar and 200 bar with very good results.
Vertebral heart size and cardiosternal contact evaluation in thoracic roentgenographs of the Nigerian indigenous dog

The aim of this cross-sectional prospective radiologic study was to determine reproducible biometric ratios for cardiac assessment in the indigenous dog. Thirty healthy male and female dogs were used for the study. Sixty right and left lateral thoracic projections of the dogs were acquired. Parameters in each radiograph were objectively evaluated, namely: cardiac long and short axes in right and left lateral views. Indices generated were the vertebral heart size and the cardiosternal contact (also known as intercostal heart size). The mean values of vertebral heart size (VHS) and intercostal heart size (IHS) were: 9.82±0.08/9.70±0.10 and 3.40±0.05/3.37±0.05 for the right and left lateral radiographs, respectively. Vertebral heart size correlated strongly, positively and significantly with cardiac long and short axes while IHS showed a high, positive and significant relationship with short axis but a moderately, positively significant association with long axis. The indices determined in the study are easy to use and allow for objective investigation of the canine heart. The results of this research are clinically relevant in the diagnosis and management of cardiac anomalies. Keywords: Diagnosis, Nigerian dogs, radiology, thoracic measurements
“You Don't Want Your Parents Knowing That You're Taking Pre-exposure Prophylaxis”: Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Stigma Among Black and Latinx Adolescents

Abstract Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) stigma is an understudied barrier to PrEP uptake among Black and Latinx adolescents. U.S. Black and Latinx adolescents (13–17 years) completed an online survey or participated in focus groups/interviews. Associations between PrEP stigma, PrEP disclosure, and provider-initiated PrEP discussion preferences were examined using logistic-regression models. Qualitative data provided further context to quantitative findings. The survey sample included 208 adolescents (53% female; 58% Latinx; M = 15 years), with 98% endorsing PrEP stigma. The qualitative sample included 26 adolescents (54% female; 34% Latinx; M = 15 years). PrEP stigma was associated with lower odds of PrEP disclosure to parents/guardians, and preference for health care providers to initiate PrEP-related discussions only with patients the provider judged to be at high risk for HIV. Qualitative data supported quantitative results: Adolescents endorsed multiple negative stereotypes about PrEP users. Mitigating PrEP stigma among Black and Latinx adolescents is an important step in overcoming challenges related to PrEP uptake.
Exposure to television and support for restrictive immigration policies in the midst of the immigration crisis: A cross‐national comparison

Correspondence Nella Geurts, Department of Sociology, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E-mail: nella.geurts@ru.nl Abstract Objective: This study explored associations between television exposure and public support for restrictive immigration policies in Europe, distinguishing general television exposure from exposure to television news. We explored explanations of generalized social distrust and perceived ethnic threat and, moreover, acknowledged cross-national variation in asylum applicants. Methods: We applied multi-level regression analyses using the European Social Survey (2014–2015), covering 19 countries (n = 29.161). Results: General television exposure and support for restrictive immigration policies related positively, whereas exposure to television news related negatively to these policy preferences. Furthermore, both generalized social distrust and perceived ethnic threat mediated the links between both forms of exposure and these preferences. An increase in the number of asylum applicants strengthened the positive relationship between general television exposure and these policy preferences. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the role of individual and national factors for support for restrictive immigration policies from a contemporary and cross-national perspective.