Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Penetration and Reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on Leguminous Crops

The use of antagonist plants is one of the most effective methods in the management of root–knot nematodes, and several plants recommended for this purpose are nitrogen-fixing plants that act as green manure because of the amount of mass produced. The mode of action of some species has already been investigated, but this has yet to be elucidated for many plants researched as antagonists. Thus, this study aimed to assess the penetration and reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on the root system of three species of crotalaria, as well as Mucuna deeringiana, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Macrotyloma axillare and Stylosanthes capitata, with soya bean used as control treatment. Thus, plants inoculated with the nematode were assessed 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after inoculation (DAI), for nematode penetration and development. After 60 days of inoculation, the nematode reproduction factor (RF) was assessed. The plants did not prevent M. javanica penetration, which differed at varying degrees, according to the time of assessment and the plant species investigated. However, the nematode reproduction was impaired in all the leguminous crops assessed, with (RF)<1 in all the plants, while in soya bean the RF values were 2.85 and 2.56, in the respective experiments.
Comparative efficacy of albendazole, tetramisole and ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia

L'efficacite d'un traitement a l'albendazole, au tetramisole et a l'ivermectine a ete evaluee vis-a-vis de nematodes gastro-intestinaux chez des moutons naturellement infestes dans la region de Hawassa (Ethiopia du sud). Cent cinq moutons mâles ont ete repartis en 7 groupes de 15. Le premier groupe a servi de groupe temoin, le 22 eme et 30 eme " < groupes ont ete traite a l'albendazole, specialite 1 et 2 (respectivement ABZ 1 et ABZ 2 ),le 4 eme et le 5 eme groupe ont ete traites par le tetramisole, specialites 1 et 2 (respectivement TTM 1 et TTM 2 ),le 6 eme et le 7 eme groupe ont ete traites par l'ivermectine specialites 1 et 2 (respectivement IVM 1 et IVM 2 ). Des selles ont ete collectes le jour 0 precedent le traitement et 12 jours apres traitement. L'efficacite de chaque anthelminthique a ete evaluee par mesure de la diminution de l'elimination du nombre d'oeufs fecaux (FECRT). Cette etude a montre que les traitements ABZ 2 , TTM 2 , IVM 1 et IVM 2 entrainaient une FECRT respective de 100 %, 99 %, 97 % et 99 %. Les traitements ABZ 1 et TTM 1 ont donne un FECRT de 95 %. Des coprocultures avant et apres traitement ont demontre la predominance de parasites de la famille des Haemonchus spp. Un questionnaire distribue aupres des eleveurs a revele une meconnaissance des methodes de controle et traitement contre les nematodes du mouton, certaines pratiques etant meme de nature a favoriser l'apparition de resistances. Des etudes complementaires sont necessaires pour preciser le statut de la resistance des helminthes en Ethiopie.
Detection of Penicillin G and its Benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) - Derivatives in Cow Milk and Serum by means of an ELISA.

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of benzylpenicillin and its benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)-derivatives were studied in serum and milk of health cows, using a classical biological assay ( Sarcina lutea test) and a competitive ELISA for BPO detection. The plasma level and passage into milk was determined after intramuscular administration of penethamate-hydroiodide and benzylpenicillin-procaine. In serum of cows receiving penethamate hydroiodide, BPO seemed to persist for a rather long time; the reason for this observation was not clarified. The effect of local (intramammary) application of penicillin G was followed with milk from cows having healthy and mastitic quarters. In all cases, it was found that BPO was not excreted any longer than active penicillin G in milk. In a further survey, 1015 bulk milk samples from two large dairy regions were examined with the ELISA and a biological assay using Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis . None of the samples showed detectable BPO or antibiotic residues. It is concluded that milk containing inactive penicillin derivatives, like BPO, is not an important source to cause allergies.
Functional Characterization of the Human Sweet Taste Receptor : High-Throughput Screening Assay Development and Structural Function Relation

The human sweet taste receptor is a heteromeric complex of T1R2 and T1R3. We have developed a high throughput screening (HTS) assay for the receptor and demonstrated a tight correlation between the in vitro receptor activity and in vivo taste behavior. Furthermore, we developed a human-rat chimeric receptor system, and discovered different functional domains on both subunits of the receptor.
In situ, effect of stock density of Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fry on water quality and plankton communities -

Nile tilapias; Oreochromis niloticus (L.) were selected from River Nile during autumn (2004) to estimate the impact of its stock density on some physicochemical characteristics and plankton assemblage inhabiting the Nile water. Results revealed slight decrease in pH values with increase of incubation time and fish densities. Ammonium-N was higher than nitrite and nitrate concentrations. Total organic nitrogen (TON) and total organic phosphorus (TOP) were much higher than the corresponding values of inorganic forms. Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae were the prevailing algae while Chrysophyceae, Cryptophyceae and Dinophyceae were scarcely occurred. The small zooplankon, like rotifers, especially Keratella cochlearis (Gosse) and K. tropica (Apstein) were the most dominant organisms in the predation aquaria, Statistical analysis revealed the significant effect of fish densities and incubation time on green algae and diatoms. Also, the current data showed a significant impact of the stock fish density on zooplankton communities. Phytoplankton densities decreased gradually with time in aquaria stocked with 4 and/or 16 fishes and increased with that stocked with 8 or 12 fishes after 48 hours. Also, zooplankton communities increased after 48 hour. Therefore, the stock density of O. niloticus (L) should be increase from 0.8 to 1.6 g l-1in fish farms derive its water from River Nile. Also, tilapia culture in fish farms can be depend to a large extent on natural plankton production from Nile water.
The effect of ethylene on the growth and development of wild-type and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh

Some developmental responses of wild-type and mutant strains of Arabidopsis thaliana to ethylene have been investigated (shoot and root elongation, isodiametric cell expansion, plumular hook angle, ethylene biosynthesis, peroxidase activity). One such mutant (eti 5) shows little or no response to ethylene at concentrations up to 10000 μl l -1 in any test; the other mutants show reduced responses. The ability of germinated seedlings to emerge through sand is directly proportional to their sensitivity to ethylene
Microbial Chang and Fermentation Characteristics during Samjung-Hwan Natural Fermentation

Received: November 6, 2015 Revised: November 23, 2015 Accepted: November 23, 2015 Objectives: Samjung-hwan (SJH), a well-known traditional fermented herb formula recorded in Dongui Bogam, has been commonly used for prolonging life for four hundred years in Eastern Asia. However, fermented SJH has not been investigated in terms of microbial ecology until present time. Methods: SJH was fermented for five weeks and fermentation characteristics during SJH fermentation were performed including pH, acidity and microbial profiling. Also, we measured total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. In order to select starter candidate, several lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fermented SJH. Results: pH of fermented SJH was decreased from 4.7 to 3.0 and acidity was increased from 0.45% to 1.72%. Also, fermented SJH increased antioxidant indicator such as total polyphenol and total flavonoid as well as DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Lactobacillus brevis was increased, Pseudanabaena sp. was decreased, and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was stable during 5-week fermentation of SJH. L. brevis and L. plantarum were isolated from fermented SJH. Conclusions: Fermented SJH for four weeks had optimal effect on antioxidant and fermentation characteristics such as pH, acidity and microbial profile. Further studies are required to develop starter and analyze functional compounds in oder to produce standardized SJH.
Isolation and Identification of Lipase-Producing Bacteria from Soil in Nasinuan Forest, Kantarawichai District, Mahasarakham Province

Nasinuan Forest was located at Kantarawichai District, Mahasarakham Province Thailand. This area has been considered to be quite saline; however contains a variety of bacteria that may be able to produce industrial enzymes. Lipase is one of the industrial enzymes which play an important role in industry in Thailand such as detergent industry, food, fat and oil industries and cosmetics. This study aimed to identify lipase-producing bacteria from soil in Nasinuan Forest and determine the optimum conditions for lipase production and lipase activity. The results showed that 35 isolates were positive for lipase after being tested on tributyrin agar. The top five isolates with the highest halo : colony ratios included Bacillus subtilis 1.3LP2 > Brevibacillus brevis 2.1LP4 > Micrococcus sp. 3.2LP3 > Bacillus thuringiensis 1.1LP3 > Staphylococcus sp. 1.4LP4, respectively. The results of gram staining found that four isolates were grampositive with rod-shaped and only gram-positive with cocci-shaped was found as Staphylococcus sp. 1.4LP4. These lipase-producing bacteria were closest to Bacillus spp. , Staphylococcus sp. , Brevibacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp. using 16S rRNA gene analysis whose from Italy, India, China, Egypt and Brazil. The optimum conditions for the highest lipase activity by Bacillus subtilis 1.3LP2 are pH 7.0 at 55 °C with the lipase activity of 160.92 ± 0.91 U/mL. This is the first report of lipase-producing bacteria isolated from soil in Nasinuan forest, Mahasarakham, Thailand. These bacterial enzymes can be applied in various industries in Thailand such as detergent industry, food, fat and oil industries and cosmetics.
Diversity, composition and richness of soil seed banks in different forest communities at Dotalugala Man and Biosphere Reserve, Sri Lanka

The soil seed bank provides an indication of the regenerative potential of forest ecosystems following disturbances. The present study was conducted to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of soil seed bank in three different forest communities identified in an upper montane forest ecosystem (Dotalugala Forest Reserve) in the Knuckles Range, Sri Lanka. The three forest communities were upper-montane forest (UMF), mid-elevational wet face forest (MWF) and mid-elevational dry face forest (MDF), hereafter referred to as UMF, MWF and MDF, respectively. Ten surface soil samples were collected from five, 10 m × 15 m permanent plots (2 composite samples from each plot) established in each of the three forest communities. The soil samples were spread on seed beds in a glasshouse and emerging seedlings were counted and identified into different morphospecies. Two soil samplings were conducted during dry and wet seasons. Seed beds were maintained for nearly 3-4 months until no seedlings emerged. The results revealed higher number of germinable seeds in the wet season (1,157, 1,381 and 1,231 seeds) than in the dry season (507, 641 and 597 seeds) in UMF, MWF and MDF forest communities, respectively. The richness had similar trend between seasons (31, 35 and 34 morphotypes in the wet season and 24, 27 and 27 in the dry season in UMF, MWF and MDF, respectively). However, the density and richness showed no significant differences between forest communities during both seasons. Species composition differed between seasons and forest communities. Woody species dominated the soil seed bank during the dry season, while non-woody species dominated in the soil seed bank during the wet season. These temporal fluctuations in seed banks may possibly be due to site-specific (predation, senescence and germination of seeds) and plant-specific (phenology, dormancy of seeds) factors prevailing in these forest communities. Seeds of invasive species were represented comparatively less in all three communities, indicating no significant threat from invasive species to these forest communities. A number of pioneer species including Maesa indica, Acronychia pedunculata and Macaranga spp . were recorded in all three sites signifying their resilience and regenerative potential following a disturbance.
Autocrine/Paracrine Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Acts asPro-apoptotic Factor for Leydig cells in the Rat Testis

The secretory insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) induces apoptosis via both insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Here, we have examined the effects of IGFBP-3 on Leydig cell apoptosis, proliferation and steroidogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis of testes of rats at different ages revealed that IGFBP-3 is expressed first after 20 days of postnatal life and is present at a high level in the adult testis. In addition, Western blotting showed that the expression of IGFBP-3 in Leydig cells isolated from 60-day-old rats is higher than in 40-day-old animals. The rate of DNA synthesis (as assessed by incorporation of 3H-thymidine in vitro) in Leydig cells from 40-day-old rats is reduced by IGFBP-3, which also blocks the promotion of cell survival by IGF-I. Moreover, IGFBP-3 induces apoptosis in Leydig cells and, at the same time, attenuates the anti-apoptotic action of IGF-I. Furthermore, IGF-I stimulates secretion of IGFBP-3, -4, and -2 by Leydig cells. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor- α induces apoptosis in these same cells and increases their secretion of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4. These findings provide the first evidence that IGFBP-3 acts as a pro-apoptotic effector of Leydig cells and can also block the positive effect of IGF-I on cell survival. In addition, IGFBPs appear to modulate interactions between IGF-I and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the testis, suggesting possible participation of these proteins in processes such as testicular inflammation and cancer.
Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed on fungal mixed-culture ( Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum ) fermented mango kernel cake.

th week (finisher phase), birds fed on diets A and B weighed higher ( p < 0.05) than the birds fed on diets C and D. The weight gain of birds fed on diet F was lower ( p < 0.05) than that obtained for the other treatments. Feed conversion ratio ranged from 2.45 (diet A) to 3.82 (diet F) during the starter phase and between 2.36 (diet A) and 3.79 (diet F) at the finisher phase. The performance of the birds was better at the finisher phase than at the starter phase. There was a 4.16% mortality among birds fed on diet F. Nutrient retention decreased ( p < 0.05) with increase in fermented MKC and no significant difference ( p < 0.05) was observed in percentage carcass parameters. Most of the carcass parameters decreased progressively with increase in MKC. Up to 60% of A. niger and P.
A new species of scarab beetle, Madecorphnus cuccodoroi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae), from northern Madagascar

Madecorphnus cuccodoroi Frolov, sp. n. is described from specimens collected in indigenous forest in Amber Mountain National Park, northern Madagascar. The new species differs from the similar species M. peyrierasi Frolov and M. perinetensis Frolov in the shape of the parameres and internal sac armature.
Factors Influencing the Recruitment of Juvenile Fishes into the Mhlanga Estuary

The migration of juvenile fishes (<5 cm) into the temporarily open Mhlanga estuary was monitored to determine the effects of different opening periods on immigration. The estuary opened at the end of January 1978 following a nine month closed phase. Only two marine species were recorded entering the estuary in February, compared to 11 species in November 1978. The estuary was closed between April and September. The large November recruitment may be attributed to the abundance of juvenile fishes in the sea adjacent to the estuary, whereas by February very few juveniles were present in Natal inshore waters. Estuarine and freshwater fish species were found to breed inside the estuary during the closed phase when environmental conditions were relatively stable. Mechanisms employed by these species to prevent eggs and larvae from being swept out to sea are discussed, as are strategies used by marine species to ensure recruitment during the very short open phase of the estuary.
A Revised Linkage Map of Common Bean

It has been nearly 30 years since Lamprecht (1961a) published the linkage map of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Since that time, numerous reports of additional linkages between marker genes have appeared (Awuma and Bassett, 1988; Gepts, 1988; Kyle et al., 1986; Lamprecht, 1961b; Nagata and Bassett, 1984; Park and Tu, 1986; Prakken, 1972b; Stavely, 1984; Temple and Morales, 1986; Weeden and Liang, 1985). Also, various authors (Bassett, 1988; Bassett and Awuma, 1988; Leakey, 1988; Prakken, 1970, 1972b, 1974) have challenged the interpretation and validity of some of the published data of Lamprecht. The current linkage map (Gepts, 1988) has 13 linkage groups with 46 marker genes. The current paper provides a revised linkage map of P. vulgaris based on a critical review of the above reports, includes new linkage data, and results in many revisions and deletions of old linkages. For definitions and descriptions of genes not given here, refer to the newly revised gene list for common bean (Bassett, 1989). Linkage group I. Lamprecht (1961a) gave linkage group I as: Can–20–Ins–28– C o r – 1 5 – R – 8 – C – 2 0 – U c . A c c o r d i n g to Prakken (1970, p. 3), Lamprecht’s genes Can and Ins are synonyms for D, the hilum ring factor. Therefore, a revised estimate for the linkage map distance between D and the corona gene (Cor) must be calculated by combining Lamprecht’s linkage data (1961a) for Can with Cor (34.7 ± 2.80) and Ins with Cor (27.6 ± 2.59). Using the maximum likelihood method (Allard, 1956) this estimate is 31.3 ± 1.91 cM with a homogeneity x2 = 3.769, P = 0.10 to 0.05 (Table 1). The red seed coat gene (R) and the gene (C) for “eversegregating” seed coat color (heterozygotes are mottled in dark pattern/ light pattern) are closely linked in a “complex C locus”, according to Prakken (1970, p. 4). This view was based not only on his own data, but also on the published data of Feenstra and Nakayama (Prakken, 1970, p. 5). However, Prakken avoided comment on the extensive published data (four repulsion phase linkage tests) reported by Lamprecht (1940, 1947, 1961a) that resulted in an estimate of eight map units between C and R.
Superiority of radiotelemetry over the tail-cuff method in evaluating control and drug-induced data in cardiovascular functions

Abstract The aim of the study was to compare an often-used method to measure blood pressure (BP) using a tail-cuff (TC) device, with radiotelemetry (RT) which allows to sample data on heart rate (HR) and BP in freely moving rodents without any restraint in behaviour. Data were collected in male normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats and in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Experiments were performed under 12:12 h light–dark conditions (lights on at 07:00 h) with simulated dawn and dusk for 45 min. Experiments were performed at 08:00–10:00 h (rest phase) and at 20:00–22:00 h (activity phase) under control conditions and after treatment with the beta-adrenoceptor blocker metoprolol (8 mg/kg). For TC, the Harvard BP Monitoring System (Edenbrigde, England) and for RT radio transmitters (Dataquest IV system, TA11PA-C40, DSI, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) were used. Rats bearing the TC device were also monitored under RT. The experiments show that TC significantly increased HR and both systolic and diastolic BP in both strains and both at L and D. Metoprolol reduced TC-induced HR but left BP increase uneffected. The study shows that RT is the method of choice to monitor BP and HR in rodents, TC is not suitable.
Relationships among Discoglossid Frogs : An Albumin Perspective

Relationships among frogs of the genera Alytes, Bombina, Discoglossus, and Baleaphryne were studied using the quantitative immunological micro-complement fixation technique. Albumins were compared among these genera as well as among several species of each genus. Our results indicate that the closest genetic relative of Baleaphryne muletensis is Alytes obstetricians. Moreover, the albumins of Baleaphryne and A. obstetricians are as similar or more similar to each other than the albumins of all four species of Bom bina, both species of Discoglossus, or the two species of Alytes available for study are to each other. We conclude that Baleaphryne is congeneric with Alytes. The distances measured among Alytes, Bombina, and Discoglossus suggest a Cretaceous (85-92 MYBP) divergence of Alytes from the lineage that later gave rise to Bombina and Discoglossus. These latter two genera appear to have diverged in the late Cretaceous, roughly 69-75 MYBP. Extant species of Bombina began diverging in the mid- to late-Miocene, as did Alytes obstetricans and A. cistemasii.Discoglossus pictus and D. sardus in Europe last shared a common gene pool in the Pliocene. Albumins of individuals of D. pictus from Spain compared with northwestern African D. pictus suggest that these populations have been separated for some 9-10 million years, and are probably not conspecific. Our findings do not support Lanza et al.’s (1975, 1976) suggestions that Bombina and Alytes belong in the separate family Bombinidae.
Interregional variation of free-living nematode assemblages in tropical coral sands

Des associations de Nematodes ont ete etudiees dans des sables carbonates preleves en quatre regions du Pacifique. Ce materiel est compare aux autres associations precedemment decrites dans des sites tropicaux similaires. Les donnees faunistiques ont ete traitees a differents niveaux de hierarchie taxonomique. La contribution des divers parametres environnementaux a la variabilite des assemblages de Nematodes est estimee aux differentes echelles locale, regionale et globale (cette etude plus les donnees disponibles dans la litterature). Tous les assemblages consideres apparaissent significativement differents au niveau specifique et generique. Aux niveaux hierarchiques plus eleves (famille et ordre), les regions ne peuvent plus etre identifiees et tous les assemblages sont alors domines par les Desmodoridae, Chromadoridae et Xyalidae. Des analyses multivariees montrent que la mediane granulometrique, la teneur en pelites et la profondeur des sediments preleves contribuent pour l'essentiel a la variabilite des assemblages de Nematodes entre les regions alors que la position geographique se revele plus importante a l'echelle regionale et globale. Cependant, la faible relation entre les caracteristiques du sediment, la position de prelevement et les caracteristiques des biotopes suggere que d'autres variables sont importantes pour la structuration des assemblages a l'echelle globale.