Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Novel Optical Design and Clinical Classification of a Wavefront-Shaping Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lens

Purpose To evaluate the clinical rationale of wavefront-shaping technology, describe how intraocular lenses (IOLs) using wavefront-shaping technology are differentiated from refractive or diffractive optical presbyopia-correcting designs, and describe the mode of action of this technology. Methods Extended depth of focus (EDoF) IOLs are the latest class of presbyopia-correcting IOLs addressing the growing demand of patients for reduced spectacle dependence. These use various optical technologies, including diffractive designs (eg, TECNIS Symfony ZXR00 and AT LARA 29 MP) and non-diffractive designs such as small aperture (eg, IC-8 IOL and XtraFocus Pinhole Implant), spherical aberration (eg, MINI WELL Ready and LuxSmart), and wavefront shaping (eg, AcrySof IQ Vivity DFT015 and Clareon Vivity CNWET0). Despite some improvement in visual acuity at intermediate and near distances, these technologies can still be associated with increased rate of visual disturbances or poorer distance vision compared with monofocal IOLs. One way to overcome such limitations is using a wavefront-shaping optical principle. Results Clinical data show that wavefront-shaping technology results in a continuous EDoF compared with a monofocal IOL while exhibiting a minimal halo, similar to an aspheric monofocal IOL. Clinically, this translates to a lens that has proven to exceed the American National Standards Institute/American Academy of Ophthalmology criteria for an EDoF IOL. Conclusion The novel wavefront-shaping optic technology allows patients to achieve a continuous range of vision from distance to functional near with low levels of visual disturbances comparable with aspheric monofocal IOLs.
Does Money Matter in Inflation Forecasting ?

This paper provides the most fully comprehensive evidence to date on whether or not monetary aggregates are valuable for forecasting US inflation in the early to mid 2000s. We explore a wide range of different definitions of money, including different methods of aggregation and different collections of included monetary assets. In our forecasting experiment we use two non-linear techniques, namely, recurrent neural networks and kernel recursive least squares regression techniques that are new to macroeconomics. Recurrent neural networks operate with potentially unbounded input memory, while the kernel regression technique is a finite memory predictor. The two methodologies compete to find the best fitting US inflation forecasting models and are then compared to forecasts from a naive random walk model. The best models were non-linear autoregressive models based on kernel methods. Our findings do not provide much support for the usefulness of monetary aggregates in forecasting inflation. Beyond its economic findings, our study is in the tradition of physicists’ long-standing interest in the interconnections among statistical mechanics, neural networks, and related nonparametric statistical methods, and suggests potential avenues of extension for such studies.
La percepción del profesorado de Educación Física sobre los efectos del programa de responsabilidad personal y social (PRPS) en los estudiantes

espanolEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos que percibieron en sus alumnos cinco maestros de educacion fisica de Educacion Primaria que implementaron el Programa de Responsabilidad Personal y Social (PRPS) en sus clases durante dos cursos escolares. El diseno del estudio fue cualitativo y sus cuestiones: ? El PRPS tuvo efectos en los estudiantes? Que tipo de efectos? , ? Se observaron diferencias entre los estudiantes respecto al grado de influencia del PRPS? La muestra �a proposito� estuvo formada por cinco maestros de educacion fisica (4 hombres y 1 mujer) de Educacion Primaria de cinco centros escolares publicos de la Comunidad Valenciana, con una media de edad de 29,4 anos. Los datos se obtuvieron a traves de dos entrevistas semiestructuradas (total 10) y un focus group al profesorado que aplico el PRPS con el objeto de conocer y profundizar sobre los efectos del programa en los estudiantes. Para el analisis de los datos se establecieron las siguientes categorias: 1. Efectos generales del PRPS; 2. Efectos tematicos y 3. Efectos diferenciales individuales. Todos los maestros participantes en el programa percibieron beneficios sobre la gran mayoria de sus alumnos, sobre todo respecto a los objetivos del Nivel I del PRPS �Respetar los derechos y sentimientos de los demas�, a saber: resolver los conflictos a traves del dialogo, evitar exclusiones de los companeros y hablar respetando el turno de palabra. Ademas, observaron que los efectos del PRPS son mayores en aquellos estudiantes que no tienen unos modelos de comportamiento bien interiorizados sean estos positivos o negativos. EnglishThe purpose of this study was to assess the effects that five elementary school physical education teachers observed in their students applying the Personal and Social Responsibility Program (PRPS). The design of this study was a qualitative one and their guide-questions: The PRPS had effects on students? What kinds of effects? There were differences among students regarding the degree of influence of the PRPS? The �purposeful sampling� consisted of five physical education elementary public school teachers (4 men and 1 woman) from Comunidad Valenciana, (Spain), with a mean age of 29.4 years. Data collection included two semi-structured interviews (total 10) and a focus group with teachers who applied the PRPS with the purpose to know and deep about the program's impact on students. For analysis the data we identified the following categories: 1. General effects of PRPS; 2 Thematic effects; and 3. Individual differential effects. Findings indicate that all teachers participating in the programperceived benefits on the vast majority of their students, especially at Level I of PRPS: �Respect the rights and feelings of others�. They also noted that the effects of PRPS were higher in those students who had not internalized positive or negative models in their behaviours.
Level Accuracy of Automatic and Real Time Detection of Atrial Fibrillation with A New Wireless ECG Recorder (The SmartCardia)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia but is currently under-diagnosed since it can be asymptomatic. Early detection of AF could be highly beneficial for the prevention of stroke, which is a major risk associated with AF, with a fivefold increase. The advent of portable monitoring devices can help uncover the underlying dynamics of human health in a way that has not been possible before. Method: The purpose of this study was to validate the automated analysis of AF by the Smart-Cardia’s proprietary health monitoring device (ScaAI patch, SmartCardia S.A., Lausanne, Swit - zerland). To this end, a model was created and tested on three publicly available databases comprised of 243,960 ECG segments of 30-seconds. The model was further tested against a set of 500 ECG streams of 30-seconds (recorded by ScaAI patch - across different clinical trials; annotated by 3 different cardiologists), especially representing problematic conditions, when determination the underlying rhythm was challenging. Results: The created model obtained F1-scores of 94.42 against a test set from two published available databases, and an F1-score of 92.61 (average F1-scores w.r.t each cardiologist) on the SmartCardia assembled database. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the new wireless ScalAl patch had a high capacity to auto - matically detect AF when compared with public database. Further studies will help identify the optimal role of the the ScaAl patch in the management of cardiac arrhythmias.
Elucidating the roles of the mammary and gut microbiomes in breast cancer development

The mammary microbiome is a newly characterized bacterial niche that might offer biological insight into the development of breast cancer. Together with in-depth analysis of the gut microbiome in breast cancer, current evidence using next-generation sequencing and metabolic profiling suggests compositional and functional shifts in microbial consortia are associated with breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the fundamental studies that have progressed this important area of research, focusing on the roles of both the mammary tissue microbiome and the gut microbiome. From the literature, we identified the following major conclusions, (I) There are unique breast and gut microbial signatures (both compositional and functional) that are associated with breast cancer, (II) breast and gut microbiome compositional and breast functional dysbiosis represent potential early events of breast tumor development, (III) specific breast and gut microbes confer host immune responses that can combat breast tumor development and progression, and (IV) chemotherapies alter the microbiome and thus maintenance of a eubiotic microbiome may be key in breast cancer treatment. As the field expectantly advances, it is necessary for the role of the microbiome to continue to be elucidated using multi-omic approaches and translational animal models in order to improve predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
The Potential of Gut Microbiota in Prediction of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia

Background: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a common stroke complication, and the changes in the gut microbiota composition may play a role. Our study aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of gut microbiota for SAP. Methods: Acute ischemic stroke patients were prospectively enrolled and divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of SAP. The composition of gut microbiota was characterized by the 16S RNA Miseq sequencing. The gut microbiota that differed significantly between groups were incorporated into the conventional risk scores, the Acute Ischemic Stroke-Associated Pneumonia Score (AIS-APS), and the Age, Atrial fibrillation, Dysphagia, Sex, Stroke Severity Score (A2DS2). The predictive performances were assessed in terms of the area under the curve (AUC), the Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI), and the Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) indices. Results: A total of 135 patients were enrolled, of whom 43 had SAP (31%). The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Fusicatenibacter, and Butyricicoccus, were decreased in the SAP group. The integrated models showed better predictive ability for SAP (AUC = 0.813, NRI = 0.333, p = 0.052, IDI = 0.038, p = 0.018, for AIS-APS; AUC = 0.816, NRI = 0.575, p < 0.001, IDI = 0.043, p = 0.007, for A2DS2) in comparison to the differential genera (AUC = 0.699) and each predictive score (AUCAISAPS = 0.777; AUCA2DS2 = 0.777). Conclusions: The lower abundance of SCFAs-producing gut microbiota after acute ischemic stroke was associated with SAP and may play a role in SAP prediction.
Unraveling the Complex Dynamics of Islamic Social Reporting and Financial Performance: A Study of Mediating and Moderating Factors in Islamic Banks

Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) is crucial for Islamic banks as it captures the extent of their adherence to social and ethical principles, which influences their financial performance. Drawing on stakeholder theory the primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the impact of ISR on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia, with a specific focus on the mediating and moderating roles of key governance factors, namely ownership concentration, bank size, board independence composition, and leverage. The study is based on data from ten Indonesian Islamic commercial banks from 2017 to 2020, utilizing regression models and Path SEM analysis for assessment. The findings reveal a positive impact of ISR on financial performance. Additionally, it is discovered that the board independence composition and leverage significantly moderate the ISR-financial performance relationship. However, the study does not find evidence of the mediating effects of ownership concentration and bank size. While the moderating roles of board independence composition and leverage align with prior research, the absence of mediation effects contrasts with previous studies. Originality/Value: This research offers a distinct exploration of the relationship between ISR-financial and financial performance relationship within the specific context of Indonesian Islamic banks. It creatively probes the mediating and moderating impacts of select governance variables, a largely unexplored territory in extant literature. The findings of this study contribute to the theoretical framework of ISR's influence on financial performance and provide actionable insights for policy and strategic decisions in Islamic banks. It underscores the potential of such studies to drive sustainable growth, thereby laying the groundwork for future research.
Circulating and Exosomal microRNA-33 in Childhood Obesity

Background: MicroRNA-33 may control a wide range of different metabolic functions. Methods: This study aims to assess the miR-33a circulating profile in normal-weight (N = 20) and obese (O = 30) adolescents and to correlate its expression levels to their metabolic parameters. In a subset of subjects, we compared circulating miR-33a with exosomal miR-33a. Results: Metabolic parameters were altered in O, with initial hyperinsulinemia. Circulating miR-33a was significantly higher in O than in N (p = 0.0002). Significant correlations between miR-33a and auxological and metabolic indices (Insulin p = 0.01; Cholesterol p = 0.01; LDL p = 0.01; HbA1c p = 0.01) were found. Splitting our population (O + N) into two groups, according to the median value of mRNA expression miR-33a levels (0.701), irrespective of the presence or absence of obesity, we observed that those having a higher expression of miR-33a were more frequently obese (87.5% vs. 12.5%; p < 0.0001) and had significantly increased values of auxological and metabolic parameters. Exosomes extracted from plasma of N and O carried miR-33a, and its expression was lower in O (p = 0.026). No correlations with metabolic parameters were observed. Conclusion: While exosome miR-33a does not provide any advantage, circulating miR-33a can provide important indications in an initial phase of metabolic dysfunction, stratifying obese adolescents at higher cardiometabolic risk.
Are Autonomy and Intrinsic Motivation of Public Servants Lower in Post-Communist States?

Abstract Post-communist states have economic, geopolitical and cultural importance; however, they remain largely under-explored in public management literature. This study applies self-determination theory (SDT) to understand how work context affects perceived autonomy and intrinsic motivation in the public sector of post-communist states, whose administrative context is distinct from that of their counterparts from other administrative traditions. Using the data of 5,662 individuals from the International Social Survey Program we find that public sector employees in post-communist states demonstrate a lower level of autonomy, which in turn, decreases their intrinsic motivation. Our findings provide support to important SDT insights and have implications for public managers.
On-Campus Occupational Therapy Clinic: Exploring a Supervision Model for Level I Fieldwork Within Curriculum

Abstract This study explored how a revised on-campus occupational therapy clinic model impacted occupational therapy graduate student professional development and clinical practice educator confidence in areas related to the on-campus clinic environment, professionalism, student learning, and collaboration. Specifically, clinical practice educator and student confidence were compared through quantitative survey data across multiple cohorts and clinical educators. This data was used to triangulate qualitative findings from focus groups and open-ended survey questions. Analysis across five years of qualitative data revealed themes related to professionalism including time management, planning, feedback, observation, collaboration, and communication. Quantitative data analysis found significant differences between clinical practice educator and student confidence in clinic environment, professionalism, and learning in an on-campus clinic. No significance was found in collaboration. Students were more confident in their familiarity with the on-campus clinic routine than clinical practice educators. Familiarity with the clinic routine was also related to clinical practice educators’ confidence in supporting student learning for growth and change and resolving challenges that impede student learning. Feedback and communication were important in the students' experiences with benefits and suggestions to improve feedback provided by students. Educators and practitioners interested in alternative Level I fieldwork opportunities can consider the implications for a collaborative supervision model in an on-campus clinic environment.
Factors influencing special education teachers’ self-efficacy to provide transitional services for students with disabilities

This study examined factors that may influence the self-efficacy level of special education teachers in delivering transition services to students with disabilities. Five independent variables were examined: attitudes, preparation level, teaching experiences, academic degree level, and level of available resources. The current study sample comprised 231 intermediate and secondary special education teachers in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The results showed that attitudes are the best predictor of teachers’ self-efficacy to provide transitional services for students with disabilities. Teacher preparation for transition services was the second most important variable that was positively associated with teachers’ self-efficacy.
MULTIVARIATE SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY

Remote sensing, particularly from a satellite, is potentially an effective and economic means to gather information about natural resources. Routine applications, however, have been fraught with many difficulties and disappointing results. A system analysis of remote sensing as a source of information has revealed the sources of many problems. More importantly, these analyses have shown methods for data preprocessing which should greatly improve results. The application of ERTS data to rangeland management problems was the ultimate goal of this research. Several noise sources (causing random fluctuations of radiance values) were identified as significantly degrading the quality of ERTS data. These included source (scene) noise, atmospheric propagation changes, radiometric errors, electronic system noise, data processing noise, and data analysis errors. Systems analysis suggested several data preprocessing methods to improve data quality. Preprocessing of data included: (1) cleaning of data, (2) ratioing of variables, (3) transformation of variables, and (4) filtering. Multivariate analysis methods were used to evaluate variables, preprocessing results, and classification accuracy. The most significant variables for rangeland analysis were the ratio of ERTS band 7 to bank 5 and band 5. Cleaning of training data greatly reduced classification errors by more accurately determining class signatures. Filtering reduced classification errors for vegetation types from 18.8 percent to 3.6 percent. The two-dimensional moving average filter was particularly effective in reducing atmospheric fluctuations and noise introduced by the satellite sensor system. Canonical transformation of variables eliminated correlation between variables, concentrated between groups variance in the first canonical variates, but did not significantly improve classification results.
Drug Allergy Alert System in a Spanish University Hospital: Description and Dynamics of Use

Introduction: The drug allergy alert system reduces the frequency of adverse drug events, although it is subjected to collateral effects, since 80–90% of alerts are not real, and a large percentage of alerts are overridden (46.2–96.2%). We reviewed how the alert system is used at University Hospital Fundación Alcorcon (HUFA). Methods: Data were obtained from the drug allergy alert and the alert overriding notification forms (both in the period 2011–20). We also recorded drug allergy diagnoses at HUFA, drug consumption in primary care in 2016. We calculated the incidence of drug allergy alert activation, temporal trends in use, and correlations between the number of drugs in several datasets. Results: We collected 15,535 alerts. NSAIDs and penicillins were the drugs with the highest number of drug allergy alerts (36.55% and 26.91%, respectively). A correlation was found between the number of drug alerts and the type of drug allergy in HUFA in 2016. Only 6.83% of the alerts were removed, and, of these, 21.77% were reactivated. Approximately 100 overrides were recorded per year from 2016 (6.8% of 8,434 activated alerts during 2014–2020). Conclusions: The number of drug allergy alerts recorded via the drug allergy alert system of HUFA correlates with the distribution of drug allergy diagnoses in the hospital, although many of the alerts could be false positives (as per current published evidence). We detected a very low frequency of removed alerts (6.83%), a relevant frequency of reactivations (one quarter), and a very low frequency of overrides (6.8%).
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Inpatient Utilization for Acute Neurologic Disease

Background and Objective: The initial months of the Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in decreased hospitalizations. We aimed to describe differences in hospitalizations and related procedures across neurologic disease. Methods: In our retrospective observational study using the California State Inpatient Database and state-wide population-level estimates, we calculated neurologic hospitalization rates for a control period from January 2019 to February 2020 and a COVID-19 pandemic period from March to December 2020. We calculated incident rate ratios (IRR) for neurologic hospitalizations using negative binomial regression and compared relevant procedure rates over time. Results: Population-based neurologic hospitalization rates were 29.1 per 100,000 (95% CI 26.9–31.3) in April 2020 compared to 43.6 per 100,000 (95% CI 40.4–46.7) in January 2020. Overall, the pandemic period had 13% lower incidence of neurologic hospitalizations per month (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.86-0.89). The smallest decreases were in neurotrauma (IRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.95) and neuro-oncologic cases (IRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.99). Headache admissions experienced the greatest decline (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.58–0.66). For ischemic stroke, greater rates of endovascular thrombectomy (5.6% vs 5.0%; P < .001) were observed in the pandemic. Among all neurologic disease, greater rates of gastrostomy (4.0% vs 3.5%; P < .001), intubation/mechanical ventilation (14.3% vs 12.9%, P < .001), and tracheostomy (1.4 vs 1.2%; P < .001) were observed during the pandemic. Conclusions: During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic there were fewer hospitalizations to varying degrees for all neurologic diagnoses. Rates of procedures indicating severe disease increased. Further study is needed to determine the impact on triage, patient outcomes, and cost consequences.