Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examine the association between severe Vitamin D deficiency and mortality in patients with Covid-19

Aim: To determine the association between severe vitamin D deficiency and mortality in patients presented with covid-19 Study Design: Prospective/Observational Place and Duration: Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore during from March 2020 to June 2020 Materials & Methods: Total 140 patients of both genders diagnosed to have covid-19 were enrolled in this study Patients ages were ranging from 15 years to 75 years Detailed demographics including age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded after taking written consent 5 ml blood sample was taken from all the patients to examine the vitamin D level Severe Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L (10 ng/dL) Association between mortality and severe vitamin D deficiency was examined Data was analyzed by SPSS 24 0 Results: Out of 140 patients, 82 (58 57%) were males while 58 (41 43%) were females with mean age 42 46±14 73 years Severe vitamin D deficiency was observed in 60 (42 86%) patients Mortality found in 22 (15 71%) patients Patients with severe vitamin D deficiency had high rate of mortality 16 (26 67%) as compared to patients with no vitamin D deficiency 6 (7 5%), a significant association was observed between severe vitamin D deficiency and mortality in patients with covid-19 disease with p-value <0 05 Conclusion: It is concluded that there was strong relationship between severe vitamin-D deficiency and mortality in patients with covid-19 disease © 2020 Lahore Medical And Dental College All rights reserved
Effect of extrusion-cooking process on the chemical composition of corn-wheat extrudates, with particular emphasis on dietary fibre fractions

A study was conducted on the use of wheat bran as a potential source of dietary fibre in the technology of counter-rotation twin-screw extrusion. The determinations included the effect of the composition of mixtures, distribution of barrel temperatures and of corn grits mixture moisture content on the possibility of extrusion conditions stabilisation, dry mass solubility, and chemical composition. The process of extrusion resulted in a decrease in the content of proteins, in the content of crude fibre, and in the content of all fibre fractions determined with the detergent method. Also, significant changes were observed in the fraction composition of dietary fibre determined with the enzymatic method, showing a decrease in the content of total dietary fibre (TDF) and of its insoluble fraction (IDF) in the extrudates. As a result of the process of extrusion, an increased content of the soluble fraction of dietary fibre (SDF) was recorded. Extrusion process caused also a very significant increase of solubility of dry matter (WSI).
LOW-FAT CUPUASSU GOAT MILK YOGURT OPTIMIZATION BY JUST-ABOUT-RIGHT SCALE / OTIMIZAÇÃO DE IOGURTE DE LEITE DE CABRA DE CUPUAÇU COM BAIXO TEOR DE GORDURA EM UMA ESCALA QUASE CERTA

Goat milk products have been characterized by unusual consumers with lower acceptance due to their flavor and odor known as goaty. In this context, it was aimed to optimize the cupuassu goat milk yogurt formulation by fat-replaces addition using a Just-about-Right scale (JAR). Five treatments were performed: whole goat milk (W); skimmed goat milk (S); inulin (SI); maltodextrin (SM); and whey protein (SW). The cupuassu goat milk yogurts were evaluated by acceptability index, JAR and penalty analysis. The addition of inulin, maltodextrin and whey protein increase consumer acceptance and purchase intention. However, lower scores were observed for flavor. In Just-about-analyses, caprine flavor and odor were rates as a JAR. All the treatment was penalized as lower cupuassu flavor and odor. These results suggest that the addition of fat-replaces and cupuassu pulp improves the sensory characteristics of skimmed goat milk yogurt. caprino. Nesse otimizar a formulação de iogurte de leite de cabra com polpa de cupuaçu por meio da adição de substitutos de gordura por meio da escala do ideal (JAR). Foram realizados cinco tratamentos: leite de cabra integral (W); leite de cabra desnatado (S); inulina (SI); maltodextrina (SM); e whey protein (SW). Os iogurtes de leite de cabra com polpa de cupuaçu foram avaliados pelo índice de aceitabilidade, JAR e análise de penalidade. A de inulina, maltodextrina e whey protein a aceitação por parte dos consumidores, assim a intenção de compra. No pontuações mais baixas foram observadas no atributo de sabor. Nas análises de escala do ideal, o sabor e o odor caprino foram avaliados os tratamentos penalizados com pontuação nos atributos de sabor e odor a cupuaçu. Esses resultados sugerem que a adição de substitutos de gordura e a adição de polpa de cupuaçu incrementa as características sensoriais do iogurte de leite de cabra desnatado. Palavras-chave: substituto de leite de cupuaçu.
Effects of productivity growth on domestic savings across countries: Disentangling the roles of trend and cycle

Resource mobilization continues to be an important policy challenge for developing economies, raising questions as to what determines differences in saving behaviour across countries. Using a panel of 47 economies with at least 40 years of continuous time series data, we causally identify, using a range of approaches, that higher productivity growth leads to greater savings, thereby contributing to higher investment.
Rotor Position-Sensorless Algorithms for Direct Power Control of Rotor-Tied DFIG

In this letter, direct power control (DPC) of rotor-tied doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented for the first time. First, a theoretical study is presented to acknowledge the fundamentals of DPC of rotor-tied DFIG. Thereafter, two rotor position-sensorless algorithms (RPSAs) are presented to eliminate the need of rotor position sensor. The RPSA-I is developed using the mathematical model of rotor-tied DFIG and necessitates at least four current sensors. The RPSA-II is evolved with the requirement of only two current sensors and, consequently, get rid of complex computations from the algorithm. In addition to this, it is independent of all the machine parameters and stable at or near synchronous speed. Finally, the proposed scheme is tested by real-time implementation of DFIG-based wind energy conversion system under the dynamic wind speed conditions.
MIXING AND NOZZLE GEOMETRY EFFECTS ON FLAME STRUCTURE AND STABILITY

Flame stability and mean structure of partially premixed flames have been investigated under the effect of the level of partial premixing and nozzle cone angle. The stability curves and maps of the mean flame structure based on temperature and CO and O2 concentrations measurements in some selected partially premixed flames in the thin reaction zones regime are presented and discussed. More radial and axial mean profiles of temperature and CO and O2 concentrations are also presented for another set of flames at the same equivalence ratio and several nozzle cone angles. The data show that partially premixed flames are more stable than non-premixed and premixed flames. An optimum degree of partial premixing was achieved in the present burner, beyond which the flames are less stable. This optimum level was achieved when the dimensionless mixing length normalized by the nozzle diameter is equal to 5. At this level of partial premixing the structure is likely to form three interacting reaction zones of lean, rich and diffusion with expected triple flame structure. In partially premixed flames a stabilization core has been observed close to the conical nozzle that provides more heat source at the nozzle exit. This is responsible for stabilizing the flames at high Reynolds number. The data also show that the cone angle has a great influence on the flame stability. Increasing the cone angle leads to more air entrainment, breaking the stabilization core and hence reduces the flame stability. The cone, in all cases, provides protected environment at the early stage of reaction near the nozzle exit where intense turbulence is expected. This leads to highly stable flames as compared to similar burners without cone.
Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped Zn/ZnO photocatalyst with carbon modification

Herein, we report the preparation of Cu-doped Zn/ZnO composites with carbon modification via a simple replacement–hydrothermal method using Zn powder and CuSO4·5H2O as raw materials. The as-synthesized composites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The results showed that Cu doping promotes crystal growth of ZnO, inhibits phase transfer of metallic Zn to ZnO, enhances the optical absorption in the visible region and reduces the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Interestingly, CO2 dissolved in solution was converted to carbon adhered onto the composite surface (supported by the XPS data). The abundant carbon species present on the composite surface is favorable for surface chemical reactions because it can trap or adsorb reactants which facilitate the transfer of reactants to active sites. The photocatalytic efficiency of the as-synthesized catalysts was evaluated by the degradation of anthraquinone dye (reactive brilliant blue KN-R) in solution under sunlight irradiation. The degradation results revealed that the Cu-doped Zn/ZnO composites have better photocatalytic activities than those of ZnO and Zn/ZnO. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of the composites can be attributed to the existence of Cu doping, the Zn/ZnO hetero-structure and covered carbon on the surface of the photocatalysts, which causes electrons to be easily excited from the valence band to the conduction band and efficient separation of electron–hole pairs, as well as quick surface reactions in doped ZnO. Furthermore, a possible growth mechanism of the Cu-doped Zn/ZnO composites with carbon modification was proposed.
Modelos da distribuição temporal de chuvas intensas em Piracicaba, SP

Time distribution models of intense and short rains are very important in hydrology and for extreme predictions in engineering projects. With this purpose, rain data of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, from 1966 to 2000 were analyzed to establish time distribution models of 60 and 120 min intense rains, during the rainy season from October through March. Time distribution models were assessed by three intervals of twenty minutes duration, for 60 min rains and by four intervals of thirty minutes duration for 120 min rains. The prevailing precipitation model for both, 60 and 120 min rains was a negative exponential distribution, in 85.7 and 50.7% of cases, respectively. For 60 min rains fractions were distributed as 72.3, 21.4 and 6.2% of a total 20.7 mm precipitation. For 120 min rains, the result was 60.1, 25.2, 11.1 and 3.6% of a total 33.3 mm precipitation, in four successive intervals. Time distribution models for these rains were not affected by the amount of precipitation nor by their duration, in the intervals considered in this study.
Numerical Analysis of Deterministic Switching of a Perpendicularly Magnetized Spin-Orbit Torque Memory Cell

We propose a magnetic field-free spin-orbit torque switching scheme based on two orthogonal current pulses, for which deterministic switching is demonstrated via numerical simulations. The first current pulse selects the cell, while the second current pulse ensures deterministic switching of the selected cell. 100% switching probability has been obtained for a wide range of amplitudes and durations of the pulses, thus precise timings are not required. This has also been verified considering a variability of ±5% of the saturation magnetization and anisotropy constant. An important feature of the scheme is that the magnitude of the second current is lower than the critical current for spin-orbit torque switching. The lower second current pulse improves the efficiency of the switching, reducing the corresponding pulse power by 75% and the total writing power by 40%, while maintaining the same switching time. Due to the sub-critical current, the corresponding spin-orbit torque is weak and does not disturb the bits of non-selected cells. Therefore, a single additional wire can be routed through several cells in a row, reducing the number of transistors per cell, and simplifying the cell integration in a memory array.
Practising physical therapy affects professionals in Egypt

Introduction. Physiotherapy is one of many professions at a high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSds). The authors focused on job risk factors, frequency of occurrence, pain severity, and features of WMSds among physical therapists in 11 governorates of Egypt. Methods. A survey research interview including a standardized questionnaire was conducted with 220 physiotherapists from different clinics and hospitals in 11 governorates of Egypt. Results. The most frequently involved body parts were the lower back (56.82%), followed by the neck and upper back (14.55% and 11.82%, respectively). Physiotherapists who worked at clinics were mostly affected. Physiotherapists working in the orthopaedic field were exposed to most work risk factors (63.18%), followed by those in the paediatric and neurological fields (25.91% and 10.91%, respectively). Moreover, 66.82% of the physiotherapists were affected while using manual therapy methods in comparison with electro-manual and electrical methods. Female physiotherapists were more involved than their male counterparts (62.73% and 37.27%, respectively). There was a moderate positive correlation among the pain level of the affected body segment, the number of cases managed by the physiotherapist per day, and the number of work hours per day. Conclusions. The results suggest that physiotherapists should follow a specific strategy to protect their bodies, especially the back areas. The use of engineering and administrative controls like a proper clinic design, application of electronic and computerized devices, and management of work time may help reduce the incidence of WMSds.
Effect of Potato Starch Properties on Instant Noodle Quality in Wheat Flour and Potato Starch Blends

The properties of potato starch and their effect on the quality of Chinese-style alkaline instant noodles made from wheat flour and potato starch blends were investigated. Starches were extracted from nine potato cultivars, and the phosphorus content of these starches was analyzed together with the median granule size and pasting and gelatinization properties. Instant noodles were manufactured using mixtures of wheat flour and these potato starches. A Rheoner instrument was used to evaluate three textural parameters, namely, the breaking force (BF), breaking energy (BE), and ratio of the breaking force to the breaking deformation (BF/BD), of instant noodles cooked by immersing into boiling water for 3 and 7 min. The phosphorus content, peak viscosity, and breakdown were significantly and positively correlated with the BF of the noodles cooked for 3 min and did not significantly correlate with that of those cooked for 7 min. Other quality parameters of potato starch did not affect the BF significantly. Other textural parameters of instant noodle quality, such as the BE and BF/BD, did not significantly correlate with any of the quality parameters of potato starch. The findings obtained with the use of wheat flour and potato starch blends suggest that phosphate, which is thought to enhance starch viscosity of potato starch, is important for making instant noodles with favorable texture in hardness.
Mean temperature evolution on the Spanish mainland 1916-2015

An analysis of the evolution of annual and seasonal mean temperatures on the Spanish mainland (western Mediterranean basin) was carried out, using the new MOnthly TEmperature Dataset of Spain century (MOTEDAS_century) data set. This data set was developed by combining archives from the National Meteorological Agency and newly digitised legacy data from the Annual Books published between 1916 and 1949. Both the annual and seasonal regional mean temperature series experienced increasing trends during the study period. However, the in crement was neither constant in time (monotonic) nor homogeneous between seasons. Four main periods were identified in the annual mean regional series. The first 3 corresponded to those previously confirmed in global temperature series (rise-pause-rise); a second pause or hiatus was also detected at the end of the period of analysis. The seasonal regional series followed specific patterns: winter mean temperature only increased in the second rising period, autumn in the first and spring and summer during the 2 rising periods. Also, negative trends were found in extended areas in the first pause in spring, and to a lesser extent in summer. From the middle of the 1980s, the trends in annual and seasonal mean values were not significant up until 2015. Furthermore, spatial variations were found in the significance of the trends, revealing regional differences in the intensity of warming through the seasons. In comparison with other versions of secular mean temperature series developed for the Spanish mainland, MOTEDAS_century seems to better capture the spatial variability.
The monetary approach to the exchange rate

Using data from 1982 to 2017 for the UK and the US and using a co-integrated SVAR model, this study finds some evidence of the applicability of the Monetary Approach to the Exchange Rate in a long-run setting, although not being able to find such a strong relationship in the shortrun. The model also finds some encouraging results when used in a forecasting exercise and compared to a random-walk. Furthermore, the application of restrictions for a forward-looking variant to the monetary approach is also tested, albeit the results show the non-applicability of said restrictions.
The Implementation of Puzzle as a Learning Media to Introduce the Color Concept to Class B Students of Munatuan Early Childhood Education (PAUD) in Kupang District

This study discusses the implementation of puzzle as a learning media to introduce the concept of color to children in PAUD Munatuan. The main problem of this research is how to introduce the concept of color to children through puzzle learning media. The purpose of this study is to figure out how to introduce the concept of color to children through the use of puzzle learning media in PAUD Munatuan. This is a classroom action research that consists of 4 stages in each cycle, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Introducing the concept of color to children using puzzle learning media has been the focus of this research and the students of class B in PAUD Munatuan have been involved as research subjects. There have been 14 children selected to take part in this study. The data has been collected through observation and performance. The results of the data calculation show the following average scores: 43.55% for pre-cycle, 54.50% for the first cycle, and 83.80% for the second cycle. Looking at the scores, it can be concluded that in general, these children can recognize colors by using puzzle learning media.
Geochemical aspects of back-arc spreading in the Scotia Sea and western Pacific

The results of recent geochemical investigations of several island arc - marginal basin systems in the Scotia Sea area and in the western Pacific are outlined. Marginal basins in different stages of evolution are represented, from those in the initial stages of formation to those with an extensive and multiple history of back-arc spreading. Some are completely intraoceanic, others have developed at continental margins. Basalts erupted at back-arc spreading centres seem to be as geochemically varied as those from normal mid-ocean ridges, and record evidence for similar processes of partial melting, fractional crystallization and magma mixing in their genesis. They appear to have been derived from mantle sources with incompatible trace element characteristics ranging from ‘depleted’ to ‘enriched’, but with the ‘enriched’ mantle sources being sampled during the earlier stages of back-arc spreading. Submarine back-arc basalts are more vesicular than their normal ocean ridge equivalents, and their corresponding glasses have higher water contents. This, together with other geochemical features such as the higher ratios of lithophile to high field strength elements in some back-arc basalts, suggests that a component from the subducted slab may be involved in their petrogenesis. The chemistry of the corresponding arc volcanics is described in relation to the subduction and extensions history of marginal basin development. In intraoceanic arcs the early stages of arc magmatism are dominated by the eruption of large volumes of island arc tholeiites and subsidiary high-Mg andesites. In the Mariana region, after the initial volcanic arc is split and separated by back-arc spreading, the later frontal arc volcanics have calc-alkaline characteristics. Basalts erupted during the early stages of back-arc spreading more commonly have arc-like geochemical features when the marginal basin has developed through splitting of a calc-alkaline volcanic arc. The secular variation in the geochemistry of the arc volcanics may be related to the progressive development of a lithophile element enriched mantle source beneath the arc. This source contributes to the basalts produced during the early stages of arc rifting and back-arc spreading. Ophiolite complexes which represent marginal basin floor may well carry these arc-like geochemical features.
Using observational cohort data from Key populations to plan HIV intervention studies

Background: Globally, new HIV-infections continue to occur mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa despite the known-to-work HIV-prevention interventions. Suboptimal adherence to the available HIV prevention interventions is cited. Vaccination could help minimise non-adherence to an HIV preventive intervention but does require the completion of the full vaccination schedule. An HIV vaccine would be a useful addition to HIV prevention packages, but vaccines need assessment in efficacy trials and investigators need suitable populations for trials. Key populations including Fisher-folks (FF) and Female Sex Workers (FSW) in Uganda could be useful. However, available data for planning trials in these populations come from observational cohorts and evidence suggests that trial environment and/or participants selection could differ from observational cohorts, which could alter trial targeted outcomes. This difference was investigated using Simulated HIV-vaccine efficacy trials (SiVETs); a trial that mimicked an HIV vaccine efficacy trial using a proxy vaccine. Methods: Two SiVETs were nested within observational cohorts of FF (2012 – 2014) and FSW (2014-2017). The SiVETs screened and enrolled participants from observational cohorts, and administered a licensed Hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 months as a proxy for an HIV-vaccine. Over the 12 month follow-up, SiVETs conducted HIV testing, risk behaviour assessment, and promoted and provided reliable contraceptives to women. Results: In total, there were 3989 [1575 FF & 2414 FSW] participants in the observational cohorts and 572 [282 FF & 290 FSW] of these were enrolled into SiVETs. There were significant differences between characteristics of participants in SiVETs and those in the observational cohorts. At 12-months, HIV incidence and risk behaviours were higher in the observational cohorts than SiVETs while retention was lower. Promotion and provision of reliable contraceptives in SiVETs increased the proportion of women using them from 55% at baseline to >90% at the end of vaccination. Conclusion: Researchers designing HIV efficacy trials using observational data in these and similar populations need to consider potential for changes in the targeted trial outcomes following recruitment into trials and its effect on trial statistical power.