Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of water extractable soil organic carbon fractions to land use in three soil types

ABSTRACT Soil organic carbon (SOC) has a high impact on the sustainability of ecosystems, global environmental processes, soil quality and agriculture. Long-term tillage usually leads to SOC depletion. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of different land uses on water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) fractions and to evaluate the interaction between the WEOC fractions and other soil properties. Using an extraction procedure at 20°C and 80°C, two fractions were obtained: a cold water extractable organic carbon (CWEOC) and a hot water extractable organic carbon (HWEOC). The results suggest that there is a significant impact from different land uses on WEOC. A lower relative contribution of WEOC in SOC and a lower concentration of labile WEOC fractions are contained in arable soil compared to forestlands. Chernozem soil was characterized by a lower relative contribution of WEOC to the SOC and thus higher SOC stability in contrast to Solonetz and Vertisol soils. Both CWEOC and HWEOC are highly associated with SOC in the silt and clay fraction (<53 µm) and were slightly associated with SOC in the macroaggregate classes. The WEOC fractions were highly and positively correlated with the SOC and mean weight diameter.
Impact of Two Herbicides (Zoom and Sencorate) on Physiological Parameters (Chlorophyll, Proline and Total Protein),Enzymatic (CAT and APX) and Non - Enzymatic Biomarkers (MDA and GSH) of the Species Orthotrichum affine

The bryophytes of the genusOrthotrichum(O. affine) are treated in hydroponic conditions with 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L of two herbicides (Zoom and Sencorate) for 3, 7 and 14 days. The signs of toxicity are manifested by disturbances in chlorophyll contents ( a, b and a + b), accompanied by an increase of the content of proline (3 and 7 days) and total protein. Our results also showed a decrease in the GSH level with an increased rate of proline. Regarding the CAT and APX, we showed low activity of these enzymes seems insignificant for the major ity of time reflecting the high tolerance of this species to pollutants.
Prey killing by Eurasian Kestrels: the role of the foot and the significance of bill and talons

Csermely, D. , Berte, L. and Camoni, R. 1998. Prey killing by Eurasian Kestrels: the role of the foot and the significance of bill and talons. - J. Avian Biol. 29: 10-16. The technique used by birds of prey to kill their quarry has rarely been described in detail. Although it is common to watch a raptor hunting, distance and natural obstacles normally prevent the observer from observing what actually happens to the prey after being grasped by the bird. Therefore, we studied the predatory sequence and killing technique displayed by a sample of ten wild Eurasian Kestrels temporarily held in captivity because of various injuries. They were offered individually either a laboratory mouse or young laboratory rat. Direct observation was complemented by necropsy of the prey confirming that bill strikes frequently observed after grasping the prey are not used to kill it but merely to damage its central nervous system thereby minimising escape attempts. Furthermore, talons are not used as weapons at all, but only as tools that elongate the toes to hold the quarry more firmly. In contrast, several signs indicating death by suffocation were regularly found and these were confirmed by inspection of rodents sacrificed by CO2. We also discuss a hypothesis explaining the adaptive and evolutionary significance of the kestrel's use
Effect of different feed supplements on selected quality indicators of chicken meat

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different feed additives (bee pollen extract, propolis extract, and probiotic) on meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 180 one day-old broiler chicks of mixed sex (Ross 308) were randomly divided into 3 groups. Dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet, free of supplements (control group; C); basal diet plus 400 mg bee pollen extract per 1 kg of feed mixtures and 3.3 g probiotic preparation added to drinking water (group E1); basal diet plus 400 mg propolis extract per 1 kg of feed mixtures and 3.3 g probiotic preparation added to drinking water (group E2). In the experiment, the probiotic preparation based on Lactobacillus fermentum (1.109 CFU.g-1 of bearing medium) was used. Fattening period lasted for 42 days. Feed mixtures were produced without any antibiotic preparations and coccidiostatics. Meat quality was evaluated by following technological properties: cooling, freezing and roasting loss; colour parameters based on CIELab system; and shear force. Both dietary supplementations led to decrease in cooling (p ≤0.05) and freezing (p ≥0.05) losses compared with control. On the contrary, the supplemented diet tended to increase roasting losses (p ≤0.05) and shear force values in thigh muscle (p ≤0.05). Significantly higher L* values (p ≤0.05) in breast and thigh muscles, as well as the b* values in thigh muscle, were found when broiler chickens were fed the supplements, especially bee pollen extract and probiotics. In addition, the supplements improve redness (a*) of meat. The redness of breast muscle appeared to be the most affected (p ≥0.05) by propolis extract plus probiotics supplementation, while thigh muscle had the highest value (p ≤0.05) in bee pollen extract plus probiotics supplemented group. These findings suggested that the supplements have a beneficial effect on quality of chicken meat due to positive changes in most of quality indicators investigated in the study.
Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Disocactus (Cactaceae), based on the DNA sequences of six chloroplast markers

Abstract: The genus Disocactus is native to Mexico and Central America and includes 11 species in four subgenera: D. subg. Ackermannia, D. subg. Aporocactus, D. subg. Disocactus and D. subg. Nopalxochia. Phylogenetic reconstruction was carried out with data from DNA sequences using the maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference criteria to explore the monophyly of the genus, its subgenera and its position within Hylocereeae. Six chloroplast markers (matK, psbA-trnH, rpl16, trnL-F, trnQ-rps16 and ycf1) were sequenced in ten species of Disocactus, 17 representatives from the remaining genera of Hylocereeae and five members of outgroups (Acanthocereus, Lemaireocereus and Pereskia). Our phylogenetic analysis supports neither the monophyly of Disocactus as it is currently defined nor that of the subgenera. The clade Disocactus s.str. was recovered for 13 species, including Epiphyllum anguliger, E. crenatum and E. lepidocarpum. Three subclades were observed within this clade, and three well-supported sister-species relationships were recovered: D. eichlamii and D. quezaltecus; D. biformis and D. nelsonii; and D. ackermannii and D. phyllanthoides. Disocactus speciosus subsp. aurantiacus was not recovered in the clade of D. speciosus. Epiphyllum and Pseudorhipsalis are identified as sister clades of Disocactus. Based on the obtained results, a new circumscription for Disocactus is proposed. Citation: Cruz M. Á, Arias S. & Terrazas T. 2016: Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Disocactus (Cactaceae), based on the DNA sequences of six chloroplast markers. — Willdenowia 46: 145–164. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.3372/wi.46. 46112 Version of record first published online on 1 April 2016 ahead of inclusion in April 2016 issue.
The interaction of gravity-capillary water waves with a laminar air flow

The physical processes responsible for the growth of water waves under the action of a turbulent air flow are known to be extremely complex. To date theoretical models addressing this phenomenon have not been entirely successful because of the complexity of turbulent flow and the interaction physics. On the other hand, a laminar flow yields a relatively simple and fixed model for the interaction process. It has been proved for example that on a solid plate, the initial growth of artificial two-dimensional air waves inside the laminar boundary layer can be explained by linear instability theory. Similarly, on an air-water interface of two phase flows, it is interesting to investigate whether or not the growth process of a perturbation on the initially flat water surface under the shearing action of a laminar air flow will be dominated by linear instability theory. For this reason, an experimental and numerical study of the interaction of gravity-capillary water waves with a laminar air flow has been carried out. A filtered integration method was introduced to solve the coupled Orr-Sommerfeld equations, focusing on the spatial amplification in order to facilitate direct comparison with the experimental observations. A low turbulence wind tunnel, specially designed and built for the present study of wind-wave interaction, provided the information of the wave growth rates and phase velocities. A simple Pitot tube was used, with close attention to near boundary correction procedures, to obtain the laminar boundary layer velocity profile over the water surface. A highly sensitive optical technique of twin reflected laser beams was developed to measure the wave slopes and phase velocities of long-crested gravity-capillary water waves with small amplitude. These were generated by a pneumatically-activated diaphragm generator using different input fi*equencies. The results of the Pitot tube measurements confirmed for the first time both the continuation of a Blasius type laminar boundary layer over the water surface and the boundary conditions conventionally assumed in theoretical analysis. The numerical model predicted that the growth rate and the phase velocity are frequency and fetch dependent. The wave height distribution with respect to fetch, integrated from the local growth rate, shows good agreement with the experimental results. It is concluded that the initial stage of the growth of small amplitude gravity-capillary water waves under the action of a laminar air flow can be predicted by linear instability theory.
AKR1C3 mediates pan‐AR antagonist resistance in castration‐resistant prostate cancer

Antiandrogens are effective therapies that block androgen receptor (AR) transactivation and signaling in over 50% of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. However, an estimated 30% of responders will develop resistance to these therapies within 2 years. JNJ‐pan‐AR is a broad‐spectrum AR antagonist that inhibits wild‐type AR as well as several mutated versions of AR that have emerged in patients on chronic antiandrogen treatment. In this work, we aimed to identify the potential underlying mechanisms of resistance that may result from chronic JNJ‐pan‐AR treatment.
Incentives for Fixed Asset Revaluations

The purpose of this study is to analyse the company's incentives in choosing the cost or revaluation method for fixed assets in Indonesia. The incentives include Fixed Asset Intensity, Free Cash Flow, Financing, Capital Expenditure, Liquidity, and Investment opportunity. The sample of companies used in this study were 197 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018 and it used logistic regression data analysis. The results showed that the companies’ future financing with negative Free Cash Flow and Fixed Asset Intensity variables, had a high probability and positively significant to use the revaluation method for their fixed assets, while the Financing, Liquidity, and Investment opportunity variables had a negative influence and the probability is not high in choosing the revaluation method in its fixed assets.
Deep Graph Library: A Graph-Centric, Highly-Performant Package for Graph Neural Networks.

Advancing research in the emerging field of deep graph learning requires new tools to support tensor computation over graphs. In this paper, we present the design principles and implementation of Deep Graph Library (DGL). DGL distills the computational patterns of GNNs into a few generalized sparse tensor operations suitable for extensive parallelization. By advocating graph as the central programming abstraction, DGL can perform optimizations transparently. By cautiously adopting a framework-neutral design, DGL allows users to easily port and leverage the existing components across multiple deep learning frameworks. Our evaluation shows that DGL significantly outperforms other popular GNN-oriented frameworks in both speed and memory consumption over a variety of benchmarks and has little overhead for small scale workloads.
Regression of Grain Yield of Maize Inbred Lines and Their Diallel Crosses on Elevated Levels of Soil-Nitrogen

Maize grain yield response to elevated levels of soil nitrogen is dependent upon genotype of the cultivar. Thus the optimum rate of N-fertilizer differs from maize genotype to another according to its nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The main objective of this study was to determine the optimum Nrate for each studied inbred and hybrid that maximize grain yield. Six inbred lines of maize differing in their productivity under low-N were crossed in a diallel fashion to produce 15 F1ˊs. Parents and F1ˊs were evaluated in two seasons (2012 and 2013) using a split-plot design in randomized complete blocks arrangement with 3 replications. Main plots were allotted to four N-rates, i.e. 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N/fed for N1, N2, N3 and N4, respectively. The sub-plots were assigned for the genotypes. Reducing N-level from 204 to 160, 80 and 0 kg N/feddan (fed) [one fed = 4200 m2] caused an increase in days to silking (DTS), anthesis silking interval (ASI), barren stalks (BS), economic NUEe and biological NUEb NUE and a decrease in the remaining studied traits including grain yield and its component. Maximum increase and decrease in traits occurred at N1 level (0 kg N/fed). The inbred lines L17, L18 and L53 proved to be tolerant (T), while L29, L54 and L55 inbred lines were sensitive (S) to N stress. The most tolerant crosses to low-N stress and the most responsive crosses to elevated levels of nitrogen were identified. Only two crosses (L18 × L53 and L18 × L55) showed high tolerance to low-N stress and responsiveness to high-N expressed in grain Original Research Article Al-Naggar et al.; IJPSS, 4(6): 499-512, 2015; Article no.IJPSS. 2015.049 500 yield per plant (GYPP) and per fed (GYPF). The T×T group of crosses exhibited better performance in most studied traits than T×S and S×S groups of crosses under the low and high N levels. The three inbred lines L53, L18 and L17 and the three groups of crosses [inefficient responsive (IR), efficient non-responsive (ENR) and inefficient non-responsive (INR)] showed a quadratic response to the elevated levels of nitrogen with an optimum N level of 180 kg N/fed, while the three inbred lines L54, L29 and L55 and the efficient responsive (ER) group of crosses (L18 × L53 and L18 × L55) showed near linear response to elevated N levels.
Renal ultrasound findings and their clinical associations in Nephropathia epidemica

Purpose: To evaluate renal US findings in patients with nephropathia epidemica (NE) and to determine whether changes in these findings are related to the clinical course of NE. Material and Methods: Renal US was undertaken in 23 hospital-treated NE patients during the acute phase of their disease (first study). The second US study was performed 3–6 months later. Results: The resistive index (RI) was abnormal in 12 patients and fluid collections (perirenal, pleural, pericardial, ascites) were found in 13 patients in the first study. Renal length decreased in every patient, cortical parenchymal thickness in 19 patients and RI in 18 patients from the first to the second studies. The mean change was significant in all parameters. Increased RI and presence of fluid collections in the first study as well as a greater change in length and RI between the first and the second studies were associated with high maximum daily urine excretion, substantial change in body weight between the anuric and polyuric phases, high maximum serum creatinine and urea concentration, high blood leukocyte count and low hematocrit value. Conclusion: Renal US changes occurred in every patient with NE. The severity of the findings was associated with fluid volume overload and degree of clinical renal insufficiency.
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Alzheimer--like hyperphosphorylation of Tau in brains of rats with obesity and type 2 diabetes

Abnormally hyperphosphorylation of tau plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor of AD. Phosphorylation of tau in type 2 diabetic and obese rats was investigated by Western blots. Tau protein was found to be hyperphosphorylated at several AD-related phophorylation sites. The activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), a key component of insulin signal transduction pathway and a known tau kinase, was also found to be increased in the brains of both diabetic and obese rats. Intrahippocampal injection of LiCl blocked activation of GSK-3β in both groups, but only blocked hyperphosphorylation of tau in the obese rats. In addition, the β-subunit of the hippocampal membrane insulin receptor was found to be reduced in the brains of obese and type 2 diabetic rats. These findings suggest that obese and type 2 diabetes increase the probability of AD by increased insulin resistance and consequent upregulation of GSK-3β, which leads to hyperphosphorylation of tau, and that impaired glucose metabolism may also contribute to tau hyperphosphorylation in type 2 diabetes.
Antagonistic properties of Trichoderma species against oilseed-borne fungi

Biological control of fungi is a potential alternative to the use of chemical pesticides, which have already been proved to be harmful to the environment. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from oilseeds like groundnut, soybean, sesame, sunflower and safflower on PDA medium. Two strains of Trichoderma species have been isolated from soil and found to be effective biocontrol against various oilseed-borne pathogenic fungi. Trichoderma species inhibited the growth of oilseedborne fungi like Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus nigricans, Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum.
Caregiver burden in children with intellectual disability: Does special school education help?

Background: Caregivers are playing a vital role in mentally ill patients in India. Families of children with intellectual disability encounter a high degree of stress such as physical, emotional, and financial. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the caregiver burden and depression between the special school-going children and nonschool-going children with intellectual disability. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on caregivers of patients with intellectual disability at Radianz Health Care and Research Private Limited, Ahana Hospitals, Akash Special School, and M. S. Chellamuthu Trust and Research Foundation, Madurai. The Zarit Burden Interview scale was utilized to assess the level of burden experienced by the caregivers. The Major Depression Inventory scale was utilized to assess the severity of depression experienced by the caregivers. The Binet Kamat Test of Intelligence was administered by a psychologist to assess the IQ level of the children. Results: Totally 80 caregivers were participated in the study. The mothers of children with intellectual disability suffered from burden and depression when compared to the fathers (P < 0.0001). The parents of nonschool-going children had a higher level of burden and depression as compared to the parents of special school-going children (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Special school is playing a vital role for children with intellectual disability. It can be reasonably concluded from the study that both the groups face burden and depression. However, the severity of burden and depression is comparatively higher among parents of nonschool-going children.
Efficacy of premixed versus succedent administration of fentanyl and bupivacaine in subarachnoid block for lower limb surgeries: A randomised control trial

Background and Aims: Subarachnoid block is the most commonly used anaesthesia technique for lower limb surgeries. Opioids are the most commonly used adjuvants with local anesthetics (LA). Adjuvants are given premixed with LA loaded in a single syringe. This study was conducted to evaluate differences in level of sensory and motor block and incidence of hypotension whilst administering hyperbaric bupivacaine and fentanyl either in a single syringe or different syringes. The effect of administering opioid prior to LA and vice versa on these parameters was also assessed. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly allocated into three groups of 40 each: Group A received premixed 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 2.5 ml (12.5 mg) and 0.5 ml (25 microgram) of fentanyl in a single 3.0 ml syringe, Group B received 0.5 ml (25 microgram) of fentanyl in a 3.0 ml syringe followed by 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 2.5 ml (12.5 mg) in a 3.0 ml syringe, Group C received 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 2.5 ml (12.5 mg) in a 3.0 ml syringe followed by 0.5 ml (25 microgram) fentanyl in a 3.0 ml syringe. All statistical calculations were done using SPSS 21 version statistical program for Microsoft Windows. Results: The mean time for onset of sensory and motor block was least in group C followed by group B. The duration of sensory and motor block was prolonged in groups B and C. Patients in group A experienced more hypotension as compared to groups B and C. Conclusion: Administering hyperbaric bupivacaine first followed by fentanyl leads to an early onset and prolonged duration of sensory and motor block.