Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steel flexure and shear yielding base-mechanism for enhanced seismic resilience of RC core wall high-rise structures

As a result of rapid urbanization worldwide, there is an increasing demand for high-rise buildings, creating an acute need for more resilient tall structures, especially in regions of high seismicity. One of the main challenges facing design engineers is that buildings become increasingly susceptible to higher-mode effects as they become taller. Although current design practices typically achieve life-safety and collapse-prevention during major earthquake events, there is often extensive structural and non-structural damage, in great part exacerbated by the contribution of higher-mode responses. This article proposes a novel system involving a flexure and shear yielding base-mechanism, designed to limit both the first mode and higher-mode responses of a 42-story benchmark structure. These concepts only make use of well-defined buckling restrained steel braces, which have been extensively tested over many decades now and are currently implemented widely in buildings, to achieve the desired shear and flexural base yielding mechanisms. Nonlinear three-dimensional (3D) models developed in ABAQUS were used to validate key elements while models of the benchmark structure and base-mechanism were developed in ETABS to perform Nonlinear Time-History Analyses (NLTHA) for three hazard levels to investigate the global seismic response of the proposed system. Improvements among key seismic response parameters are observed at all hazard levels. By concentrating inelastic demands in the dedicated base steel yielding braces in the proposed system, quick inspection and potential repair after a major earthquake can be achieved with reduced disruptions to the use and operation of the building above.
On the Stability of Solitary Water Waves with a Point Vortex

This paper investigates the stability of traveling wave solutions to the free boundary Euler equations with a submerged point vortex. We prove that sufficiently small‐amplitude waves with small enough vortex strength are conditionally orbitally stable. In the process of obtaining this result, we develop a quite general stability/instability theory for bound state solutions of a large class of infinite‐dimensional Hamiltonian systems in the presence of symmetry. This is in the spirit of the seminal work of Grillakis, Shatah, and Strauss (GSS) , but with hypotheses that are relaxed in a number of ways necessary for the point vortex system, and for other hydrodynamical applications more broadly. In particular, we are able to allow the Poisson map to have merely dense range, as opposed to being surjective, and to be state‐dependent.
The ATLAS3D project - XIV. The extent and kinematics of the molecular gas in early-type galaxies

We use interferometric (CO)-C-12(1-0) observations to compare and contrast the extent, surface brightness profiles and kinematics of the molecular gas in CO-rich ATLAS(3D) early-type galaxies (ETGs) and spiral galaxies. We find that the molecular gas extent is smaller in absolute terms in ETGs than in late-type galaxies, but that the size distributions are similar once scaled by the galaxies optical/stellar characteristic scalelengths. Amongst ETGs, we find that the extent of the gas is independent of its kinematic misalignment (with respect to the stars), but does depend on the environment, with Virgo cluster ETGs having less extended molecular gas reservoirs, further emphasizing that cluster ETGs follow different evolutionary pathways from those in the field. Approximately half of ETGs have molecular gas surface brightness profiles that follow the stellar light profile. These systems often have relaxed gas out to large radii, suggesting they are unlikely to have had recent merger/accretion events. A third of the sample galaxies show molecular gas surface brightness profiles that fall off slower than the light, and sometimes show a truncation. These galaxies often have a low mass, and either have disturbed molecular gas or are in the Virgo cluster, suggesting that recent mergers, ram pressure stripping and/or the presence of hot gas can compress/truncate the gas. The remaining galaxies have rings, or composite profiles, that we argue can be caused by the effects of bars. We investigated the kinematics of the molecular gas using position-velocity diagrams, and compared the observed kinematics with dynamical model predictions, and the observed stellar and ionized gas velocities. We confirm that the molecular gas reaches beyond the turnover of the circular velocity curve in approximate to 70 per cent of our CO-rich ATLAS(3D) ETGs, validating previous work on the CO Tully-Fisher relation. In general we find that in most galaxies the molecular gas is dynamically cold, and the observed CO rotation matches well model predictions of the circular velocity. In the galaxies with the largest molecular masses, dust obscuration and/or population gradients can cause model predictions of the circular velocity to disagree with observations of the molecular gas rotation; however, these effects are confined to the most star forming systems. Bars and non-equilibrium conditions can also make the gas deviate from circular orbits. In both these cases, one expects the model circular velocity to be higher than the observed CO velocity, in agreement with our observations. Molecular gas is a better direct tracer of the circular velocity than the ionized gas, justifying its use as a kinematic tracer for Tully-Fisher and similar analyses.
Pregnancy After Cardiac Surgery

Women with native heart valve disease who are considering getting pregnant should have a complete risk estimation to determine whether an intervention is required prior to becoming pregnant and, if so, to determine when it should be performed and what kind of surgical therapy will be used. Pregnancy is linked to early and late structural valve degeneration in women who have bioprostheses, suggesting a high reoperation rate. A mechanical valve during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal complications such as valve thrombosis and mortality. The claim that women with defective hearts should not become pregnant was driven by the high maternal death rate among cardiac patients who became pregnant. A preoperative anticoagulation therapy trial helped women scheduled for valve replacement to acquire complete information as to the choice of the prosthetic device. Integrated risk stratification scheme for pregnant patients with valvular heart disease, with WHO classification and an algorithmic approach to both preconception counseling and anticoagulation strategy as outlined here, as well as early referral to a cardiologist with expertise in the management of cardiac disease and pregnancy for these complex patients is recommended. However, in reality, some women present while pregnant and valve disease needs to be managed, balancing maternal outcome and fetal risk. In general, optimizing the hemodynamic situation of the mother is also beneficial to the fetus. However, cardiac surgery carries a high risk for the fetus. No anticoagulant regimen can be said to be entirely safe for use during pregnancy, as there is a degree of risk with each regimen. Therefore, this review has been done to find appropriate management for women dealing with such conditions.
Global Well-Posesedness for the Derivative Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation

We study the Derivative Nonlinear Schr\"odinger (DNLS). equation for general initial conditions in weighted Sobolev spaces that can support bright solitons (but exclude spectral singularities corresponding to algebraic solitons). We show that the set of such initial data is open and dense in a weighted Sobolev space, and includes data of arbitrarily large $L^2$-norm. We prove global well-posedness on this open and dense set. In a subsequent paper, we will use these results and a steepest descent analysis to prove the soliton resolution conjecture for the DNLS equation with the initial data considered here and asymptotic stability of $N-$soliton solutions.
TURBULENCE IN THE OUTER REGIONS OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. II. STRONG ACCRETION DRIVEN BY A VERTICAL MAGNETIC FIELD

We carry out a series of local, vertically stratified shearing box simulations of protoplanetary disks that include ambipolar diffusion and a net vertical magnetic field. The ambipolar diffusion profiles we employ correspond to 30 AU and 100 AU in a minimum mass solar nebula (MMSN) disk model, which consists of a far-ultraviolet-ionized surface layer and low-ionization disk interior. These simulations serve as a follow-up to Simon et al., in which we found that without a net vertical field, the turbulent stresses that result from the magnetorotational instability (MRI) are too weak to account for observed accretion rates. The simulations in this work show a very strong dependence of the accretion stresses on the strength of the background vertical field; as the field strength increases, the stress amplitude increases. For a net vertical field strength (quantified by β0, the ratio of gas to magnetic pressure at the disk mid-plane) of β0 = 104 and β0 = 105, we find accretion rates –10−7 M☉ yr−1. These accretion rates agree with observational constraints, suggesting a vertical magnetic field strength of ∼60–200 μG and 10–30 μG at 30 AU and 100 AU, respectively, in a MMSN disk. Furthermore, the stress has a non-negligible component due to a magnetic wind. For sufficiently strong vertical field strengths, MRI turbulence is quenched, and the flow becomes largely laminar, with accretion proceeding through large-scale correlations in the radial and toroidal field components as well as through the magnetic wind. In all simulations, the presence of a low-ionization region near the disk mid-plane, which we call the ambipolar damping zone, results in reduced stresses there.
On the dust abundance gradients in late-type galaxies – I. Effects of destruction and growth of dust in the interstellar medium

We present basic theoretical constraints on the effects of destruction by supernovae (SNe) and growth of dust grains in the interstellar medium (ISM) on the radial distribution of dust in late-type galaxies. The radial gradient of the dust-to-metals ratio is shown to be essentially flat (zero) if interstellar dust is not destroyed by SN shock waves and all dust is produced in stars. If there is net dust destruction by SN shock waves, the dust-to-metals gradient is flatter than or equal to the metallicity gradient (assuming the gradients have the same sign). Similarly, if there is net dust growth in the ISM, then the dust-to-metals gradient is steeper than or equal to the metallicity gradient. The latter result implies that if dust gradients are steeper than metallicity gradients, that is, the dust-to-metals gradients are not flat, then it is unlikely dust destruction by SN shock waves is an efficient process, while dust growth must be a significant mechanism for dust production. Moreover, we conclude that dust-to-metals gradients can be used as a diagnostic for interstellar dust growth in galaxy discs, where a negative slope indicates dust growth.
Classification of Boundary Lefschetz Fibrations over the Disc

This chapter shows that a 4-manifold admits a boundary Lefschetz fibration over the disc if and only if it is diffeomorphic to S1×S3#nCP¯2,#mCP2#nCP¯2 or #m(S2×S2). Given the relation between boundary Lefschetz fibrations and stable generalized complex structures, the chapter concludes that the 4-manifolds S1×S3#nCP¯2,#(2m+1)CP2#nCP¯2 and #(2m+1)S2×S2 admit stable generalized complex structures whose type change locus has a single component and are the only 4-manifolds whose stable structure arises from boundary Lefschetz fibrations over the disc.
Global weak solutions for an newtonian fluid interacting with a Koiter type shell under natural boundary conditions

We consider an viscous, incompressible Newtonian fluid flowing through a thin elastic structure. The motion of the structure is described by the equations of a linearised Koiter shell, whose motion is restricted to transverse displacements. The fluid and the structure are coupled by the continuity of velocities and an equilibrium of surface forces on the interface between fluid and structure. On a fixed in- and outflow region we prescribe natural boundary conditions. We show that weak solutions exist as long as the shell does not self-intersect.
Explicit bounds for separation between Oseledets subspaces

ABSTRACT We consider a two-sided sequence of bounded operators in a Banach space which are not necessarily injective and satisfy two properties (SVG) and (FI). The singular value gap (SVG) property says that two successive singular values of the cocycle at some index d admit a uniform exponential gap; the fast invertibility (FI) property says that the cocycle is uniformly invertible on the fastest d-dimensional direction. We prove the existence of a uniform equivariant splitting of the Banach space into a fast space of dimension d and a slow space of codimension d. We compute an explicit constant lower bound on the angle between these two spaces using solely the constants defining the properties (SVG) and (FI). We extend the results obtained by Bochi and Gourmelon in the finite-dimensional case for bijective operators and the results obtained by Blumenthal and Morris in the infinite dimensional case for injective norm-continuous cocycles, in the direction that the operators are not required to be globally injective, that no dynamical system is involved and no compactness of the underlying system or smoothness of the cocycle is required. Moreover we give quantitative estimates of the angle between the fast and slow spaces that are new even in the case of finite-dimensional bijective operators in Hilbert spaces.
On contact invariants of non-simply connected Gorenstein toric contact manifolds

The first two authors showed in~\cite{AM1} how the Conley-Zehnder index of any contractible periodic Reeb orbit of a non-degenerate toric contact form on a good toric contact manifold with zero first Chern class, i.e. a Gorenstein toric contact manifold, can be explicitly computed using moment map data. In this paper we show that the same explicit method can be used to compute Conley-Zehnder indices of non-contractible periodic Reeb orbits. Under appropriate conditions, the (finite) number of such orbits in a given free homotopy class and with a given index is a contact invariant of the underlying contact manifold. We compute these invariants for two sets of examples that satisfy these conditions: $5$-dimensional contact manifolds that arise as unit cosphere bundles of $3$-dimensional lens spaces, and $2n+1$-dimensonal Gorenstein contact lens spaces. As illustrative contact topology applications, we show that diffeomorphic lens spaces might not be contactomorphic and that there are homotopy classes of diffeomorphisms of some lens spaces that do not contain any contactomorphism.
A robust conservative mixed finite element method for compressible flow on pipe networks

We consider the numerical approximation of compressible flow in a pipe network. Appropriate coupling conditions are formulated that allow us to derive a variational characterization of solutions and to prove global balance laws for the conservation of mass and energy on the whole network. This variational principle, which is the basis of our further investigations, is amenable to a conforming Galerkin approximation by mixed finite elements. The resulting semi-discrete problems are well-posed and automatically inherit the global conservation laws for mass and energy from the continuous level. We also consider the subsequent discretization in time by a problem adapted implicit time stepping scheme which leads to conservation of mass and a slight dissipation of energy of the full discretization. The well-posedness of the fully discrete scheme is established and a fixed-point iteration is proposed for the solution of the nonlinear systems arising in every single time step. Some computational results are presented for illustration of our theoretical findings and for demonstration of the robustness and accuracy of the new method.
The bright Type IIP SN 2009bw, showing signs of interaction

We present photometry and spectroscopy of the type IIP supernova 2009bw in UGC 2890 from few days after the outburst to 241 days. The light curve of SN 2009bw during the photospheric phase is similar to that of normal SNe IIP but with brighter peak and plateau (M max = 17:82 mag, M plateau = 17:37 mag). The luminosity drop from the photospheric to the nebular phase is one of the fastest ever observed, 2.2 mag in about 13 days. The radioactive tail of the bolometric light curve indicates that the amount of ejected 56 Ni is 0.022 M . The photospheric spectra reveal high velocity lines of H and H until about 105 days after the shock breakout, suggesting a possible early interaction between the SN ejecta and pre-existent circumstellar material, and the presence of CNO elements. By modeling the bolometric light curve, ejecta expansion velocity and photospheric temperature, we estimate a total ejected mass of 8 12M , a kinetic energy of 0.3 foe and an initial radius of 3:6 7 10 13 cm.
Linear integral equations, infinite matrices, and soliton hierarchies

A systematic framework is presented for the construction of hierarchies of soliton equations. This is realised by considering scalar linear integral equations and their representations in terms of infinite matrices, which give rise to all (2+1)- and (1+1)-dimensional soliton hierarchies associated with scalar differential spectral problems. The integrability characteristics for the obtained soliton hierarchies, including Miura-type transforms, $\tau$-functions, Lax pairs as well as soliton solutions, are also derived within this framework.
A stochastic approach to counting problems

We study orbital functions associated to finitely generated Kleinian groups acting on the hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$, developing a new method based on the use of the Brownian motion. On the way, we give some estimates of the orbital function associated to nilpotent covers of compact hyperbolic manifolds, partially answering a question asked by M. Pollicott to the author.
EPISODIC JET POWER EXTRACTED FROM A SPINNING BLACK HOLE SURROUNDED BY A NEUTRINO-DOMINATED ACCRETION FLOW IN GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

It was suggested that the relativistic jets in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powered via the Blandford–Znajek (BZ) mechanism or the annihilation of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos from a neutrino cooling-dominated accretion flow (NDAF). The advection and diffusion of the large-scale magnetic field of an NDAF is calculated, and the external magnetic field is found to be dragged inward efficiently by the accretion flow for a typical magnetic Prandtl number . The maximal BZ jet power can be ∼1053–1054 erg s−1 for an extreme Kerr black hole, if an external magnetic field with 1014 Gauss is advected by the NDAF. This is roughly consistent with the field strength of the disk formed after a tidal disrupted magnetar. The accretion flow near the black hole horizon is arrested by the magnetic field if the accretion rate is below than a critical value for a given external field. The arrested accretion flow fails to drag the field inward and the field strength decays, and then the accretion re-starts, which leads to oscillating accretion. The typical timescale of such episodic accretion is of an order of one second. This can qualitatively explain the observed oscillation in the soft extended emission of short-type GRBs.
On wave operators for Schrödinger operators with threshold singuralities in three dimensions

We show that wave operators for three dimensional Schrodinger operators $H=-\Delta + V$ with threshold singularities are bounded in $L^1({\mathbb R}^3)$ if and only if zero energy resonances are absent from $H$ and the existence of zero energy eigenfunctions does not destroy the $L^1$-boundedness of wave operators for $H$ with the regular threshold behavior. We also show in this case that they are bounded in $L^p({\mathbb R}^3)$ for all $1\leq p \leq \infty$ if all zero energy eigenfunctions $\phi(x)$ have vanishing first three moments: $\int_{{\mathbb R}^3} x^\alpha V(x)\phi(x)dx=0$, $|\alpha|=0,1,2$.
THE DIRECT DETECTION OF COOL, METAL-ENRICHED GAS ACCRETION ONTO GALAXIES AT z ∼ 0.5

We report on the discovery of cool gas inflow toward six star-forming galaxies with redshifts z ∼ 0.35–1. Analysis of Mg ii and Fe ii resonance-line absorption in Keck/LRIS spectroscopy of the galaxies reveals positive velocity shifts for cool gas of 80–200 km s−1 with respect to the host galaxy velocity centroids, and equivalent widths for this inflow of ≳ 0.6 Å in five of the six objects. The host galaxies exhibit a wide range of star formation rates (SFRs ∼1–40 M☉ yr−1) and have stellar masses similar to that of the Milky Way (log M*/M☉ ∼ 9.6–10.5). Imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys indicates that five of the six galaxies have highly inclined (i > 55°), disk-like morphologies. These data represent the first unambiguous detection of inflow into isolated, star-forming galaxies in the distant universe. We suggest that the inflow is due to the infall of enriched material from dwarf satellites and/or a galactic fountain within the galaxies. Assuming that the material has been enriched to 0.1 Z☉ and has a physical extent approximately equal to that of the galaxies (implied by the high observed gas covering fractions), we infer mass inflow rates of dMin/dt ≳ 0.2–3 M☉ yr−1 for four of these systems. Finally, from comparison of these absorption lines to the profiles of Mg ii and Fe ii absorption in a larger spectroscopic sample of ∼100 objects, we measure a covering fraction of cool inflow of at least 6%, but cannot rule out the presence of enriched infall onto as many as ∼40 of these galaxies.
Iterated total variation regularization with finite element methods for reconstruction the source term in elliptic systems

In this paper we investigate the problem of recovering the source term in an elliptic system from a measurement of the state on a part of the boundary. For the particular interest in reconstructing probably discontinuous sources, we use the standard least squares method with the total variation regularization. The finite element method is then applied to discretize the minimization problem, we show the stability and the convergence of this technique. Furthermore, based on the Bartels' work [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. (2012)], we have proposed an algorithm to stably solve the minimization problem. We prove the iteration sequence generated by the derived algorithm conversing to a minimizer of the regularization problem, and a convergence measurement is also established. Finally, a numerical experiment is presented to illustrate our theoretical findings.
$\boldsymbol{Diff_+(S^1)-}$pseudo-differential operators and the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy

We establish a non-formal link between the structure of the group of Fourier integral operators $Cl^{0,*}_{odd}(S^1,V)\rtimes Diff_+(S^1)$ and the solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy, using infinite-dimensional groups of series of non-formal pseudo-differential operators.
Binary Extended Formulations

We analyze different ways of constructing binary extended formulations of mixed-integer problems with bounded integer variables and compare their relative strength with respect to split cuts. We show that among all binary extended formulations where each bounded integer variable is represented by a distinct collection of binary variables, what we call "unimodular" extended formulations are the strongest. We also compare the strength of some binary extended formulations from the literature. Finally, we study the behavior of branch-and-bound on such extended formulations and show that branching on the new binary variables leads to significantly smaller enumeration trees in some cases.