Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
6.O.06 COMPARING CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH SYNOVIAL SARCOMA IN THE SURVEILLANCE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND END RESULTS PROGRAM, 1983 TO 2005: AN ANALYSIS OF 1268 PATIENTS

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a typical soft tissue sarcoma subtype crosswise between the pediatric and the adult age groups. No published data describes a different biology of SS when arising in adults as opposed to children, but different therapeutic strategies have been developed for pediatric and adult oncology protocols dealing with SS (in particular concerning the use of systemic therapy) and different overall outcomes have been reported by pediatric and adult groups. To better characterize the clinical features and outcomes of SS across the different age groups, we performed an analysis of all SS cases registered on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) public-access database collected from various geographic areas in the United States, from 1983 to 2005. We analysed 1268 cases, 213 children/adolescents (≤18 years) and 1,055 adults. No major differences in stage distribution (localized, regional and distant stage) and clinical features were observed comparing the two age-groups, though a quite different pattern was recorded just for the small group of patients younger than 10 years (2.5% of cases, more extremity primaries, smaller tumors, mostly localized). The estimated 5-year cancer-specific survival was 83% for children/adolescents and 62% for adults (p In conclusion, our analysis showed that children/ adolescents and adults with SS have a similar clinical presentation but a dissimilar outcome, suggesting that factors other than unfavorable clinical features might be involved in the unsatisfactory outcome of adult SS patients. It remains to be ascertained whether this difference may be related to biological variables or to historically-different treatment approach adopted in pediatric versus adult patients.
Pesticide sorption by allophanic and non‐allophanic soils of New Zealand

Abstract We investigated the sorption of five pesticides (metsulfuron methyl, atrazine, 2,4‐D, phorate, and terbufos) in a range of allophanic and non‐allophanic soils of New Zealand, using surface and subsoil horizons from 10 soil series. Sorption of pesticides was measured by a batch equilibrium technique using 14C‐labelled pesticides. The effect of soil properties on pesticide sorption was also examined. Sorption of pesticides was adequately described by the Freundlich equation with an R 2 value > 0.97. The value of the exponent in the fitted Freundlich equation for the pesticide sorption varied from 0.79 to 0.98. The pesticide sorption, as measured by the distribution coefficient (Kd, sorption per unit concentration), was as follows: terbufos > phorate > 2,4‐D > atrazine > metsulfuron methyl (Kd = 20.7, 18.1, 4.88, 3.74, and 0.54 L/kg, respectively). Sorption of pesticides was higher for allophanic than for non‐allophanic soils and in general decreased with depth. Multiple regression analysis between .
Pyrolysed powdered mussel shells for eutrophication control: effect of particle size and powder concentration on the mechanism and extent of phosphate removal

The international shellfish farming industry has a growing problem with respect to sustainability: the shells, a by-product, are currently being mostly wasted to landfill. Instead, this calcium-rich resource can be used to produce lime [calcium oxide (CaO)] and then used to remove phosphate from rural wastewaters. Powdered mussel shell was heat treated to form lime. Two different shell particle sizes (fine, 53–106 µm; coarse, 212–250 µm) as well as various pyrolysis times, heating rates, pyrolysis temperatures and shell concentrations were used to determine the effects of these parameters on the lime formation and subsequent phosphate removal from a synthetic wastewater. Furthermore, the mechanisms of phosphate removal were determined by quantifying the phosphate content in all components before and after reaction with the synthetic wastewater. It was found that with excess of partially calcined pyrolysed shells, at a concentration of 5 g l−1, more than 95% phosphate removal was achieved, irrespective of particle size or pyrolysis conditions. When using optimally heat-treated shells (particle size: 53–106 µm, pyrolysed for 1 h at 750 °C), it was possible to achieve over 90% phosphate removal using just 196 mg l−1 of shell. For the pyrolysed shells, the main mechanisms of phosphate removal were homogeneous nucleation to form a suspended precipitate, as well as adsorption and heterogeneous precipitation on the surface of the remaining calcite shell particles. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting soil organic matter turnover in a mediterranean ecosystems from sierra de gador (Spain): An analytical approach

Abstract Humus formations from forest and brushwood ecosystems on calcareous substrates in representative sites from Sierra de Gador in Southern Spain were analyzed. The humus composition, as determinated by three independent fractionation procedures, suggests that soil organic matter turnover is not related to the vegetation biotypes, but to a series of local factors among which climatic and soil characteristics predominate. Of the parameters studied, the amount of fulvic acids, and to a lesser extent, the relative proportion of soil perylenequinonic pigments (P‐type humic acids), reflected differences in altitude. The percentage of nitrogen (N) in humic acids was the parameter that was most informative of the characteristics of humus. This finding contrasts with the poorly differentiated patterns of the particulate organic matter fractions, whose evolution is probably independent of environmental factors because of physical protection by soil carbonates. The carbon dioxide (CO2) release curves reproduce.
The System Water—Carbon Dioxide—Sodium Chloride to 773 K and 300 MPa

Experimental results are reported for fluid-fluid phase equilibria of the ternary system H2OCO2NaCl. Measurements were extended to 773 K and pressures to 300 MPa. A “synthetic” method was used: Known quantities of the three components were filled into an autoclave at room temperature. The autoclave with a sapphire window and variable volume is described. Transition points to homogeneous one-phase conditions could be determined from recorded p—T-curves at constant volumes and from visual observation. From the transition points p—T-curves on the three-dimensional phase equilibrium boundary surface at constant compositions, “isopleths”, were obtained. Data for 20 isopleths with CO2-concentrations between 0.2 and 85 mol% and with 6 weight YO of NaCl are presented together with a few additional results for higher salt concentrations. Molar volumes were measured at the phase boundary surface and within the one-phase region. Excess molar volumes are given. In comparison with the binary H2O-CO2 system, the addition of NaCl shifts the range of partial immiscibility to higher temperatures by up to 100 K; for example from 573 to 673 K at 100 MPa for 48 mol% CO2. Results are in agreement with earlier data of Takenouchi and Kennedy. Considerations of the ternary phase diagram H2OCO2NaCl within a wide range of conditions are given.
An Engineering Model for the Scale-Up and Design of Photocatalytic Reactors

Work is presented on the modeling and design of fixed-film photocatalytic reactors based on reaction kinetics data from a simple flat-plate photoreactor, local mass transfer rates and local radiation energy absorption rates on the surfaces of catalyst films, and an engineering model. The degradation of 4-chlorophenol in the flat plate reactor was examined experimentally for the purpose of model fitting, using fluorescent lamps as the illumination source. Using this information, the performance of several solar illuminated corrugated plate reactors with different structural parameters was calculated with the model.
Equation of State and Pressure−Volume−Temperature Properties of Refrigerants Based on Speed of Sound Data

This paper describes a method for predicting constants in the equation of state (EOS) for saturated and compressed refrigerant fluids from analysis of speed of sound results and using two scaling constants. The theoretical EOS is that of Song and Mason, which is based on statistical−mechanical perturbation theory, and the two constants are enthalpy of vaporization ΔHvap and molar density ρnb, both at the normal boiling temperature. The following three temperature-dependent quantities are required to use the EOS: the second virial coefficient B2(T), an effective van der Waals covolume, b(T), and a correction factor, α(T). The second virial coefficients are calculated from a two-parameter corresponding states correlation, which is obtained from a speed of sound data analysis with the two constants ΔHvap and ρnb as scaling parameters. b(T) and α(T) can also be calculated from second virial coefficients by scaling rules. This EOS is applied to six refrigerants: 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (R123), 1,1.
PATTERN RECOGNITION OF GC PROFILES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF COCOA BUTTER OF GHANAIAN AND CUBAN CULTIVARS

Volatile components in Ghanaian and Cuban cocoa butters were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation extraction and analyzed using a fused silica capillary GC. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis was applied to 83 peaks in the resulting GC profiles to objectively classify samples into these two cultivars. Correct classification of 100% of the cocoa butter samples was achieved.
The Applications of Citric Acid/Hydrogen Peroxide Etching Solutions in the Processing of Pseudomorphic MODFETs

The etching characteristics of GaAs and Al 0.28 Ga 0.72 As in citric acid/hydrogen peroxide etching solution were studied. The etch rate and the selectivity were measured over a wide concentration range from room temperature down to 0 o C. The results show that by changing the concentration of the solution we can vary the selectivity (GaAs etch rate: Al 0.28 Ga 0.72 As etch rate) from over 80:1 to reverse selectivity of 1:1.4; the GaAs etch rate can also be varied from over 4000 A/min to less than 150 A/min. However, high selectivity process consistently shows high GaAs etch rate
Electrolyte effects on aqueous atmospheric oxidation of sulphur dioxide by ozone

The kinetics of sulphur(IV) oxidation by ozone in an aqueous solution were studied in various supporting electrolytes (NaClO4, NaCl, NH4ClO4, Na2SO4), using the stopped flow method. The rate data in perchlorate medium (chosen as reference electrolyte) are empirically correlated by the following expression: r = −d[O3]/dt = k [O3] [S(IV)] [H+]−1/2. For each supporting electrolyte studied, the rate constant varies linearly with the ionic strength. The value of the rate constant is extrapolated to zero ionic strength (1.65 × 104 mol−0.5 L0.5 s−1). The rate constants are shown to be higher mainly when ammonium chloride and sodium sulphate are added to the solution. The effect of temperature is studied between 13 ° and 28 °C. The reaction rate is unaffected by the trace presence of metal ion (Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Cr3+). The rate of oxidation of dissolved SO2 by O3, in water droplets under atmospheric conditions (presence of [H2O2] = 4.31 × 10−5 mol L−1 and [O3] = 1.17 × 10−9 mol L−1), is calculated as a function of [H+] and compared to the oxidation by H2O2. At zero ionic strength the ozone reaction becomes faster than hydrogen peroxide reaction above −log [H+] = 4.70. This effect appears at higher H+ concentration when the ionic strength increases (−log [H+] = 3 in 4 mol L−1 NaCl or 2 mol L−1 Na2SO4).
Coprecipitation of thorium and lanthanum with UO2+x(s) as host phase

Coprecipitation may be a significant process in controlling radionuclide release during spent fuel dissolution/reprecipitation in a breached geological disposal site by water. The objective of this work was to study the coprecipitation of thorium and lanthanum with UO2+x(s) as host phase under reducing conditions (pure N2 and Eh=−300 mV/SHE) as a function of pH and [Th]/[U+Th] or [La]/[U+La] initial concentration ratios. At pH values between 3 to 9, the final concentrations of dissolved Th and La were found to be considerably lower than expected if pure phases, Th(OH)4(s) and La(OH)3(s) would have been formed. Coprecipitation phenomena and formation of solid solutions ThyU1-yO2+x′(s) and (U,La)O2+x′(s) are suggested to be responsible for the lower solubility.
A KINETIC MODEL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUIDS FROM THE FLASH PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS

A kinetically based prediction model for the production of organic liquids from the flash pyrolysis of biomass is proposed. Wood or other biomass is assumed to be decomposed according to two parallel reactions yielding liquid tar and ( gas + char) The tar is then assumed to further react by secondary homogeneous reactions to form mainly gas as a product The model provides a very good agreement with the experimental results obtained using a pilot plant fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor The proposed model is shown to be able to predict the organic liquid yield as a function of the operating parameters of the process, within the optimal conditions for maximizing the tar yields, and the reaction rate constants compare reasonably well with those reported in the literature
Effect of Bath Concentration on Coagulation Kinetics at the Early Stage during Wet Spinning of PAN Copolymer Nascent Fibers

A mathematical model was proposed to simulate the effect of bath concentration on coagulation kinetics at the early stage of wet spinning for the poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate)/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)/water system. The dependence of critical precipitation time, components concentration distribution, and the radius of nascent fibers on the concentration of DMSO in the DMSO/water coagulation bath were estimated by solving the model equation numerically. The experimental results indicated the model was suitable to simulate the dynamic features of the early stage of the coagulation process. The critical precipitation time was found to increase with bath concentration. The mode of phase separation was changed from instantaneous demixing to delayed demixing as DMSO bath concentration increased. The simulation results showed that bath concentration influenced the phase separation path which determined the polymer concentration distribution in the spinning solution. As a result, nascent fibers with different structures would form in wet spinning and a radial homogeneous structure would be obtained when the DMSO bath concentration increased to some extent.
The Use of a Five-stage Sequential Leaching Procedure for Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Waste Rock Utilized in Railway Ballast

A five-stage sequential leaching procedure was used to determine the distribution of 10 metals in three combination samples taken from waste rock material, originating from a Finnish zinc mine, and used as railway ballast in Northern Finland. The leaching procedure consists of the following five sequential fractions: a water-soluble fraction (H2O), an exchangeable fraction (CH3COOH), an easily reduced fraction (NH2OH-HCl), an oxidizable fraction (H2O2 + CH3COONH4), and a residual fraction (HF + HNO3 + HCl). The results show, in accordance with all earlier corresponding studies, that a sequential extraction procedure is very suitable for evaluating the effects of external conditions on the solubility of harmful heavy metals, and that external conditions have a large effect on their leachability/solubility, and therefore on their mobility, bioavailability, and environmental risk. In addition, the total concentration of each element is much larger than its solubility in each of the first four fractions (1)–(4) – the potential bioavailability fractions – because the highest concentrations of all metals occurred in the residual fraction (5). The conditions of this phase – three strong acids and strong, long-lasting shaking – are never possible in nature, and therefore the residual fraction is called the inert phase. Thus, the total concentrations of the heavy metals are poor measures of real environmental risk and give no information about the effect of external conditions on their solubility. In addition, the dependency of different elements on the external conditions differs.
RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE AND MUSSOORIE ROCK PHOSPHATE PLUS PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA ON PRODUCTIVITY AND PHOSPHORUS BALANCE IN RICE-POTATO-MUNGBEAN CROPPING SYSTEM

Field experiments were conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India for three years from 2001–2002 to 2003–2004 to study the relative efficiency of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and mussoorie rock phosphate (MRP) in a rice-potato-mungbean cropping system. Phosphorus application significantly increased productivity, protein yield and energy output of rice-potato-mungbean cropping system and resulted in an increase in 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) extractable phosphorus (P) content in soil. The MRP at 35 kg P ha−1 was at par with 17.5 kg P ha−1 as DAP in terms of productivity, protein yield, and energy output but significantly superior in terms of PSB population in soil. Phosphorus balance (application – crop removal) was generally more positive for MRP than DAP and the highest with an application of 52.5 kg P ha−1 as MRP. Present study indicates that P requirement of a rice-potato-mungbean cropping system can be met with 76–79% higher dose of MRP as compared to DAP.
Free Current Carrier Concentration and Point Defects in Bi2−xSbxSe3 Crystals

Abstract From IR reflectivity spectra measurement on natural (0001) cleavage planes of Bi 2− x Sb x Se 3 single crystals (space group D 5 3d – R 3 m ), values of plasma resonance frequency ω p were determined. Using the model respecting the existence of light and heavy electrons the dependence of free current carriers concentration on Sb-atom content in Bi 2− x Sb x Se 3 single crystals (for x =0.0 – 0.4) was obtained. There is a maximum in this dependence at lower Sb concentration ( x ≅ 0.024). This effect is explained by a model of point defects, where both the concentration of negatively charged native defects in a Bi 2 Se 3 lattice (anti-site defect Bi′ Se , “seven-layer lamellae” Bi 3 Se − 4 ) and the concentration of vacancies in a selenium sublattice ( V •• Se ) decreases with Sb content. On this basis the observed rise of the Hall mobility R H σ in the range from 500 to 1200 cm 2 /Vs is explained.
Preparation and some reactions of Group VI metal monodentate bis-phosphine carbonyl complexes. Mechanistic aspects of chelate-ring formation

A series of complexes LM(CO)5[M = Cr, Mo, or W; L = Me2PCH2CH2PMe2(dmpe), Ph2PCH2PPh2(dpm), Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2(dpe), Ph2PCH2CH2CH2PPh2(dpp), or Ph2PCH2CH2AsPh2(ape)] has been prepared and characterised by analysis, and i.r. , mass, and n.m. r. spectroscopy. The complexes can be methylated with Me3OBF4 to give [(MeL)M(CO)5]BF4. The acid-assisted nucleophilic substitution reaction used in the formation of the complexs can also be applied to their conversion into bridged complexes, L[M(CO)5]2. Variations in geminal complexes coupling constants 2JPCH and aromatic solvent induced shifts for the series of complexes(dmpe)M(CO)n(M = Cr, Mo, or W; n= 4 or 5) are discussed and compared with those in (Me2PXCH2)2(X = O or S) and [(Me3PCH2)2](BF4)2, whose syntheses are also reported. Changes in the 31P chemical shift are used to demonstrate that the chelation shift is comparable to the co-ordination shift. Kinetic studies of the rate of the chelation reaction, LM(CO)5→ LM(CO)4+ CO, have been used to elucidate details of its mechanism. The reaction follows first-order kinetics, as required for the intramolecular process. The magnitude of the enthalpy of activation (ca. 140 kJ mol–1) and the similarity in rate between phosphorus and arsenic nucleophiles, suggest a large dissociative component in the activation. The positive entropy of activation and particularly its large variation (+6 to +71 J K–1 mol–1) suggest a concerted process in the transition state. The smaller the potential chelate ring, the faster the reaction in the series L = Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2(n= 1, 2 or 3); this appears to be largely an entropy effect.
The Impact Parameter Method for Electron Excitation of Optically Allowed Atomic Transitions

The semi-classical impact parameter method gives transition probabilities Pji(R) which, for impact parameters R large compared with the atomic radius, are proportional to the oscillator strengths fji. When modified in such a way that reciprocity conditions are satisfied, the results obtained are in good agreement with quantal calculations even for near-threshold energies. Cross sections are calculated in two ways. When the coupling is weak Q(i→j) = ∫∞R0 Pji(R)2πRdR where R0 r<, the smaller of the mean radii ri, rj, and when the coupling is strong Q(i→j) = ½πR12 + ∫∞R1 Pji(R)2πRdR where Pji(R1) = ½. We adopt the smaller of the two cross sections obtained. The method gives good agreement with experiment for H 1s rightarrow 2p, He 1s rightarrow 3p and Na 3s rightarrow 3p. It is superior to the Born approximation, which overestimates the low-energy contribution from small impact parameters. Cross sections are calculated for transitions between excited states of hydrogen.
A selective and sensitive approach to characterize odour‐active and volatile constituents in small‐scale human milk samples

A sensitive and selective analytical approach was developed for the characterization of trace volatile and odorous substances in body fluids. The methodology was successfully applied for identification of more than 40 characteristic odorants in human milk. The technique comprises a modified stir bar sorptive extraction system in combination with two-dimensional gas chromatographic separation and parallel mass spectrometric and olfactometric characterization of the analytes. The present study shows that the technique can be used for both direct extractive sampling and headspace analysis, and that it is applicable for small sample volumes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of water movement in reproductive organs of tobacco

This thesis describes experiments performed to investigate the role that two different protein families play during reproduction in tobacco. As plants cannot move, reproduction is difficult: it is for example not possible to go and find a suitable mate. Instead, sperm cells are transported to the female reproductive organs in pollen grains, which develop in the anther. During the period of transfer to the stigma, pollen grains of most angiosperm species are dehydrated and only contain 30% water. When a pollen grain has reached a compatible stigma, hydration occurs by uptake of stigmatic water. When pollen grains are completely hydrated, a pollen tube can be formed that will deliver the sperm cells to the ovary, where fertilization occurs. Water is required for the hydration of pollen grains, and it is reasonable to assume that it is required also during pollen tube growth in the pistil. However, transport of water is also important during development of the pollen grains in the anther. Mature pollen grains contain little water during transfer because they dehydrate in the last phase of development. Concurrently with the pollen grains, the anther itself also dehydrates. This may generate a force on the anther walls, causing it to open at dehiscence, releasing the pollen grains, so that pollination can take place. Recently, a class of proteins called aquaporins has been found that forms water channels in cellular membranes. As the transport of water appears important for successful reproduction, and because reproduction is crucial for the existence of a species, we have analyzed the role of aquaporins in tobacco reproductive processes. The results indicate that various aquaporins are present in reproductive organs of tobacco. A role of the PIP2 class of aquaporins in anther dehydrations prior to dehiscence could be shown.