Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personalized WhatsApp Privacy: Demographic and Cultural Influences on Indian and Saudi Users

We offer an analysis of privacy perceptions and behaviors that focus on one of the most popular social networking platforms in cultures where it is heavily used. WhatsApp is the most popular social platform in many parts of the world, specifically on the Arabian peninsula and India. Saudi Arabia has the highest density of WhatsApp adoption, and India has the largest number of WhatsApp adopters. Prior research on security and privacy in social applications have focused primarily on Western users, and thus on Facebook. We report on an analysis of privacy perceptions and behaviors of Arab and Indian WhatsApp users. We examine the results of surveys of a total of 820 Saudis, non-Saudi Arabs, and Indians who use WhatsApp for their daily interactions. Each survey queried participants` use (or avoidance) of features and their concerns about privacy in WhatsApp, as well as asking demographic questions. We report significantly different preferences and influences on behaviors. These differences, especially when it comes to gender, provide a nuanced and complex picture of privacy through the lens of WhatsApp use. We conclude with privacy recommendations for WhatsApp, specifically, and for privacy in social networks generally for Indian and Arabs WhatsApp customers. The recommendations address blocking, location sharing, and group dynamics to empower WhatsApp users in these populations.
Fostering group creativity through design thinking projects

The purpose of this study was to develop team projects in design thinking, for promotion and examination with the cultivation of group creativity. Research was conducted during the spring of 2017, with sixteen graduate students. Using artifact-based interviews, we analyzed the development of group creativity during the five stages of design thinking: understanding knowledge, empathizing, sharing perspectives, generating ideas, and prototyping. Results showed that analytical thinking was present throughout the overall project, while factors related to group creativity (such as learner orientation, interpersonal understanding, and flexibility) were observed at different rates as the project progressed. Results suggest that such pedagogical strategies as idea checking and training for applicability are necessary in order to foster group creativity.
Tourist segmentation in an intangible heritage setting: the Holy Week processions in the city of Popayán, Colombia

ABSTRACT This research intends to establish a characterisation of the tourists who attend a representation that has been recognised as intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, specifically, the Holy Week processions in the city of Popayán, Colombia. To achieve this goal, segmentation we conducted on the basis of two models that are widely used in the segmentation of tourists in World Heritage Sites: the McKercher model, based on cultural motivations, and Poria, Butler, and Airey’s model, based on the emotional perception of the visited heritage. Within this segmentation, there are four underlying types of visitors: incidental cultural, sightseeing cultural, serendipitous cultural and purposeful cultural tourists. The results show that there are three motivational dimensions among tourists who attend the Holy Week processions in the city of Popayán: hedonic, cultural, and convenience. The innovation of this research is, therefore, to reinforce the validation of types of tourists in the literature on Word Heritage Site destinations but, in this case, we apply it to an intangible cultural heritage resource in Latin America.
CAT IN THE CLASSROOM: UNDERSTANDING INSTRUCTOR BEHAVIOR AND STUDENT PERCEPTIONS THROUGH COMMUNICATION ACCOMMODATION THEORY

OF DISSERTATION CAT IN THE CLASSROOM: UNDERSTANDING INSTRUCTOR BEHAVIOR AND STUDENT PERCEPTIONS THROUGH COMMUNICATION ACCOMMODATION THEORY Adjusting one’s communication is a fundamental requirement for human interaction (Gasiorek, 2016a). Individuals adapt communication behavior according to the circumstances surrounding the situation, resulting in different patterns and forms of speech relative to spouses, family members, coworkers, or friends. Yet, researchers in instructional communication have not yet substantially applied adjustment as a theoretical lens for understanding instructor-student classroom interactions (Gasiorek & Giles, 2012; Soliz & Giles, 2014; Soliz & Bergquist, 2016). Apart from overlooking this useful theoretical approach, instructional communication scholarship can also be improved by accounting for 1) shifting group identities in higher education that change how instructors and students communicate, 2) incomplete conceptualizations of student perceptions in existing research, and 3) a consistent lack of concern for the hierarchical structure of educational data. This dissertation seeks to resolve these limitations through an application of one of the most prominent theories of adjustment: communication accommodation theory (CAT; Giles, 1973; Giles, Willemyns, Gallois, & Anderson, 2007a). The research specifically extends the CAT framework to an instructional setting by investigating how student perceptions of instructor nonaccommodation across several modes of communication (i.e., nonverbal, linguistic/verbal, content, support) influence information processing ability, relationships with instructors, and beliefs about instructors. Data were collected from 573 undergraduate students across 38 sections of a basic communication course (BCC). Students completed an online questionnaire assessing perceptions of the appropriateness of their instructor’s behavior (i.e., nonaccommodation), extraneous load, communication satisfaction, instructor-student rapport, instructor credibility, and instructor communication competence. The results first forward a nuanced measure for assessing nonaccommodation in a manner consistent with the theoretical propositions of CAT. Second, a series of analyses using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM; Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002) showed significant associations between perceptions of nonaccommodation across modes and students’ reported classroom outcomes. Interestingly, several of the individual, direct relationships disappeared when multiple modes of nonaccommodation were considered simultaneously, introducing the possibility that individuals may prioritize the appropriateness of certain behaviors within context. The data hierarchy (i.e., students enrolled in course sections) did exert some influence on the relationships between variables, yet the majority of variance accounted for across models occurred at the student level. Implications of the results related to both theory and practice within the basic communication course are presented in the discussion.
Jeunes migrantes et migrants ä la charniere du secondaire I et du secondaire II

The transition from lower secondary to upper secondary education is a great challenge for all young people. Among young women - and especially those with a migrant background - specific aggravating factors cumulate. TREE shows that gender and migration background play a significant role in the transition to a certifying upper secondary education programme. Young people with a migrant background, and young migrant women even more so, are amongst those who are most disadvantaged in the transition from compulsory to upper secondary education. Often, they are enrolled in lower secondary school tracks for low achieving students even though their academic record is acceptable. The disadvantage of migrant females compared to Swiss youth is striking: Even with reading literacy skills levels above average they mostly fail to gain access to upper secondary education and training programmes with high requirements.
Managing study and work: the impact of full-time study and paid work on the undergraduate experience in Australian universities

More full-time undergraduate students now rely on paid work as their main or sole source of income. They work an average of around 15 hours per week, but almost four out of every ten work 16 hours or more, and 18 per cent work 21 hours or more per week. The extent to which full-time undergraduate students combine full-time enrolment with substantial hours of paid work emerged as an issue for Australian universities in the last few years. This investigation, based on a survey of 1,563 full-time enrolled working students, explores the impacts of paid work on full-time students’ experience of university life and their academic performance. It also briefly reviews how universities are responding to these challenges.
Analysis of VITA shade guide with spectrophotometer under different color measurement conditions

Objective To compare the accuracy of spectrophotometer under different color measurement conditions,so as to provide evidence for clinical color measurement.Methods Spectrophotometer was used to obtain the chromatic value L*,a*and b*(L*:Lightness;a*:Saturation on the red and green axile;b*:Saturation on the yellow and blue axile)of all color pieces in the medium 1/3of vita classical shade guide under the natural light,incandescent lamp and dark room;the values of chromatism were calculated under different color measurement conditions,and the results were fed to statistical software for analysis.Results The L*,a*and b*values were not significantly different under natural light,incandescent lamp and dark room.The composition ratios ofΔE 1.5 NBS for the natural light and incandescent light,natural light and dark room,incandescent lamp and dark room were 87.50%,100%,and 93.75%,respectively.Conclusion The measurement accuracy of CM-700 dspectrophotometer is high and the environment light has slight effect on the accuracy.The chromatism values of shade guide measured in the dark room is the most true ones,so dark room is recommended for CM-700 dspectrophotomete.
Surviving or thriving? Demographics differences in mindset across the introductory communication course

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate communication mindset changes across one semester of the introductory communication course and differences across students’ demographic backgrounds. The study measured the communication mindset and other instructional constructs of 1299 undergraduate students during the first two and last two weeks of the semester. Results showed no change in communication mindset after one semester of the basic course, although public speaking anxiety was reduced, and self-efficacy and interpersonal communication competence increased. Further, results showed between-group differences in public speaking anxiety by gender, as well as differences in mindset and interpersonal communication competence between students of different racial/ethnic backgrounds and different language status. Implications for future research are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF QUIZLET APPLICATION TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY

Keywords: Quizlet Application, Vocabulary Mastery The objectives of the research were to find out the profile of the students’ vocabulary mastery before and after implementing Quizlet application and to measure how far is the effectiveness of the application for the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Salatiga in the academic year of 2019/ 2020. This research was a quasi experimental research. The technique of collecting data were test and documentation. There were two kinds of test which were used, those were pre-test and post-test. The subjects of this research were two classes of the seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 7 Salatiga. It considered 58 students. Then,the data was tested using t-test formula by comparing the mean score of pre- and post-test from both groups. The significance level was setted up 5%. The result of the research showed that, first, the students’ profile were different before and after implementing Quizlet Application. The mean of pre-test was 53.26 while the mean of post-test was 77.06. The difference between pre- and post-test mean was 23.8. Second, the result showed that t-test (to) 13.44 was higher than t-table (tt) 2.0452 with the degree of freedom (df) 29. Therefore, there was significant difference after implementing Quizlet Applicatin toward students’ vocabulary mastery. Moreover, the effect size of experiment group was 2.46 which showed that using Quizlet Application gave strong effect on students’ vocabulary mastery.
Applying RADEC model in science learning to promoting students’ critical thinking in elementary school

Teaching to promoting critical thinking expertise is very significant for providing students to reside in the worldwide era. Critical thinking is scholarly expertise that needs direction and practice, especially for elementary school students. The lack of teachers’ skills and ability in choosing appropriate learning model in natural science learning for promoting critical thinking for students is one of the reasons to done this study. This study aims to observe and describe the improvement of the students’ critical thinking at class IV, appearing in natural science learning after implementing RADEC model in class IV SD Negeri Surialaya, Tasikmalaya, West Java as shown from the student’s comments. This research applied a descriptive method. The instrument of the research was the observation sheets of students’ critical thinking and teachers’ activities in boosting critical thinking and of course the researcher himself. The data gathered through observation. The results showed that elementary science teachers did not orient to improving critical thinking among students, as very little of the classroom students showed in critical thinking skills. The developed model this study provides can use as a tool to assess science classes regarding improving critical thinking of the elementary school students.
Comparison of Chinese Gaokao and Western university undergraduate admission criteria: Australian ATAR as an example

ABSTRACT This is the first study that examines the comparative validity of the Chinese National College Entrance Exam (known as Gaokao) to a Western end-of-secondary-school performance measure, Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR), as admission criteria to an Australian undergraduate degree programme. The study offers a strong warning about using just an aggregate Gaokao score as a sole admission criterion. However, the findings suggest that with adjustments for gender and time, Gaokao is found to be as good an admission criterion as ATAR, hence justifying its use for selection purposes if such adjustments are made. Supplementing selection criteria by also using the Gaokao English result is found to be a further improvement. The findings can help inform the admission policy relevant to Chinese international students into undergraduate degree programmes globally.
‘See Me as I see Myself:’ A Phenomenological Analysis of Grade Bump Requests

At the end of every semester, some students will boldly email me asking for their grade to be bumped. These requests and their motives seem closely tied to academic entitlement, which has mostly been studied quantitatively. Creating a dialogue with this published literature, this research seeks to uncover the lived meanings of a grade perceived as unjust. Using a Heideggerian life-world approach, I analyzed an email archive to explore how students are projecting lived understandings of themselves that are at odds with their grades. In their plaintive plea to change their grades, the students are seeking affirmation of their self-understanding, demanding to be seen and valued as they see themselves. These results are discussed in light of the literature reviewed and directions for future research are proffered.
The impact of perceived trustworthiness on trust and commitment: a case of boosters in a university athletic programme

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop the scale of organizational trustworthiness (SOT), which consists of perceived accountability, integrity and fairness, and examine theoretical relationships between the trustworthiness attributes and trust, commitment and donation intention in a college athletic programme context. The proposed model was tested using 549 donors of a college booster club in an athletic programme in Division 1 Power 5 conferences in the USA. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis and factor mixture analysis confirm the reliability and validity of the scale. The results of the simultaneous equations indicate that all three aspects of donors’ perceived trustworthiness significantly influence their trust. A donor’s commitment fully mediated the relationship between their trust and giving intention. This study makes theoretical contributions to donor behaviour literature by providing an expanded view of donors’ perceived trustworthiness of an organization and making meaningful implications for administrators of college athletics organizations.
How Adult Women Who Trade Sex Navigate Social Services: A Grounded Theory Study

Access to and engagement with social services among women who trade sex is essential to address issues including substance use, posttraumatic stress disorder, and housing instability. This grounded theory study aims to understand how adult women who trade sex accessed and engaged with social services. Drawing from semistructured, in-depth interviews with 30 mostly Black and White women, results suggest that women’s differing viewpoints of sex trading and experiences of racial prejudice impacted their access and engagement with services. Women’s experiences ranged from affirmed to disrespected, which influenced whether and how they chose to continue seeking services. Implications are discussed.
Child removal as the gateway to further adversity: Birth mother accounts of the immediate and enduring collateral consequences of child removal

This article is focused on the immediate and enduring consequences of child removal, from the perspective of birth mothers. The article builds on the authors’ previous theoretical work on the collateral consequences of child removal and women’s vulnerability to repeat family court appearances. Interview data drawn from in-depth qualitative interviews with 72 birth mothers conducted in seven local authority areas are revisited to enable a focused analysis of the immediate and longer-term effects of child removal. Analysis was informed by phenomenology’s interest in collective accounts of experience and the pursuit of moderate generalisations. All the women participating in the study had experienced the repeat removal of their children through the family courts, or were involved in child protection proceedings concerning an unborn child, having previously lost a child from their care. Birth mothers recounted an immediate psychosocial crisis following child removal, but also the cumulative and enduring nature of problems. From women’s accounts, we have been able to deepen our understanding of the enormity of the recovery challenge for women with long-standing histories of disadvantage who hold fragile and restricted social statuses. Role loss and further exclusionary consequences of child removal were particularly pronounced, given women’s limited access to protective resources. A clear set of recommendations for services are set out in a final discussion. The scale of the difficulties women face needs to be recognised in services that aim to promote recovery, if women are to be helped to avoid recurrent family court proceedings.
Fathers’ Shared Book Reading Experiences: Common Behaviors, Frequency, Predictive Factors, and Developmental Outcomes

Abstract A comprehensive critical review of the shared reading literature indicates that shared reading has the potential to yield positive developmental outcomes for children cognitively, socially, and emotionally. However, closer consideration of the literature further demonstrates that the extent and nature of parental sex differences is largely undocumented, though significant theoretical underpinnings suggest that mothers and fathers are likely to differ in quality of reading and linguistic exchanges with their sons and daughters. We review available literature on father’s shared reading to describe common father behaviors, frequency of fathers’ shared reading, factors predictive of fathers’ shared reading with children, and developmental outcomes for children. Implications for further research are elaborated.
Change in Self-Reported Motivation before to after Test Completion: Relation with Performance

Abstract Perceived test importance and test-taking effort are typically measured after test completion, contrary to the temporal ordering specified by expectancy-value theory. Retrospective importance and effort scores may reflect students’ self-protective attributions of performance, which would support collection of prospective importance and effort scores. Experiencing the test, however, may result in more accurate retrospective scores than prospective scores. Because there has been little empirical research regarding if and how self-reported prospective and retrospective scores differ, we had a random sample of students provide importance and effort ratings before (prospective) and after (retrospective) a low-stakes cognitive test. Given longitudinal invariance of importance and effort scores, we found latent effort scores decreased on average and changed relative rank-order from before to after the test. These individual differences in change in effort were not predicted by test performance. Lower retrospective scores imply different conclusions could be made depending when effort is measured relative to test completion.
Salvation with fear and trembling? Scrupulous fears inconsistently mediate the relationship between religion and well-being

ABSTRACT The positive association between religiosity and well-being is well supported in the literature. However, the documented relationship between religiosity and negative emotions such as fear, guilt, and shame suggest that religion may also suppress well-being via alternative mediational pathways. This study examined the possibility that scrupulous fears—a subclinical tendency to experience anxiety pertaining to sin—negatively mediate the otherwise positive relationship between religiosity and well-being. This hypothesis was tested in a cross-sectional analysis of data derived from an ethnically diverse, multi-religious sample in South East Asia. The hypothesis was partially supported. The negative indirect effect of religiosity on flourishing via scrupulosity was found to be significant, while the negative indirect effect of religiosity on satisfaction with life via scrupulosity was found to be non-significant. These results provide first evidence of religiosity exerting an indirect negative effect on aspects of well-being and affirm the importance of expanding research on this complex relationship.