Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS IN DIYALA GOVERNORATE, IRAQ

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic insulin resistance and a progressive decline in -cell function, so diabetes is immunes dependent disease in which the changed patterns of expression of cytokine, anti-inflammatory factors as interleukin-22, interleukin-23 play an essential role in many infections. Therefore, Results of current study showed a high incidence of diabetes types II in the age group (50-59) years old and (60-69) years old as (NO.= 22.0, 22.0) and percentage as (36.66, 36.66)% respectively. A significant increase in level of IL-22 and FAS, but not IL-23, in diabetes patients compared to control (P<05). T2DM patients shows a significant reduction in serum level of FasL, if compared with control group. Also showed positive correlation between immunological Parameters.
Modelling of a hollow-cone spray at different ambient pressures

Abstract Prediction of the mixture formation processes inside a gasoline direct injection (DI) engine is strongly required in order to improve both the fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions. Swirl-type injectors, widely used for gasoline DI engines, are characterized by the fact that the spray cone angle drastically changes with ambient pressure. The present study is intended to describe the effect of ambient pressure on the characteristics of a free hollow-cone spray formed by a swirl-type injector using a numerical simulation that is based on a discrete droplet model (DDM) method. In this model, the droplet deformation is calculated for determining droplet break-up and the drag force variation of droplet due to the droplet deformation is taken into account. The simulation result was compared with an experiment focusing on the effect of ambient pressure on the spray shape. It was shown that the characteristics of a spray formed by a swirl-type injector are predicted very well by introducing a selected break-up model and a drag force model with appropriate initial conditions. The drag force of droplets affected by the droplet deformation was found to be a crucial factor in determining the spray shape at various ambient pressures.
Synthesis, Characterization and DNA Interaction Study of a New Oxovanadium (IV) Complex Containing Acetylacetone and Dicyandiamide as Ligands

ABSTRACT A new oxovanadium (IV) complex [VO(acac)2DCDA]H2O (where acac = acetylacetonate; DCDA = dicyandiamide) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, ESR, TG-DTA analysis and powdered XRD. The electronic and ESR spectral studies indicate the monomeric nature of the complex having distorted octahedral structure. The complex shows prominent emission peak at 485 nm and excitation peak at 355 nm. The cyclic voltammetry study shows irreversible process. DNA binding study of the complex with CT-DNA indicates nonintercalative mode with binding constant 2.063 × 102 M−1.
A simple numerical model to estimate the effect of coal selection on pulverized fuel burnout

The amount of unburned carbon in ash is an important performance characteristic in commercial boilers fired with pulverized coal. Unburned carbon levels are known to be sensitive to fuel selection, and there is great interest in methods of estimating the burnout propensity of coals based on proximate and ultimate analysis--the only fuel properties readily available to utility practitioners. A simple numerical model is described that is specifically designed to estimate the effects of coal selection on burnout in a way that is useful for commercial coal screening. The model is based on a highly idealized description of the combustion chamber but employs detailed descriptions of the fundamental fuel transformations. The model is validated against data from laboratory and pilot-scale combustors burning a range of international coals, and then against data obtained from full-scale units during periods of coal switching. The validated model form is then used in a series of sensitivity studies to explore the role of various individual fuel properties that influence burnout.
Grain Growth in Sintered ZnO and ZnO-Bi2O3 Ceramics

Grain growth in a high-purity ZnO and for the same ZnO with Bi2O3 additions from 0.5 to 4 wt% was studied for sintering from 900° to 1400°C in air. The results are discussed and compared with previous studies in terms of the phenomenological kinetic grain growth expression: Gn—Gn0=K0t exp(—Q/RT). For the pure ZnO, the grain growth exponent or n value was observed to be 3 while the apparent activation energy was 224 ± 16 kJ/mol. These parameters substantiate the Gupta and Coble conclusion of a Zn2+ lattice diffusion mechanism. Additions of Bi2O3 to promote liquidphase sintering increased the ZnO grain size and the grain growth exponent to about 5, but reduced the apparent activation energy to about 150 kJ/mol, independent of Bi2O3 content. The preexponential term K0 was also independent of Bi2O3 content. It is concluded that the grain growth of ZnO in liquid-phase-sintered ZnO-Bi2O3 ceramics is controlled by the phase boundary reaction of the solid ZnO grains and the Bi2O3-rich liquid phase.
Characterization of Colloids Mobilized from Southeastern Coastal Plain Sediments

Two subsurface samples representing highly weathered sediments of the Upper Coastal Plain (Aiken, SC) that differed in Fe-oxide content (7.3 vs 35.9 g Fe kg -1 ) were evaluated in terms of mobile colloid generation in response to changes in solution composition. In repacked columns, the two sediments were leached (∼0.72 m d -1 Darcy velocity) with either 0.001 N NaCI or CaCl 2 solutions for 10 pore volumes followed by 10 pore volumes of deionized water. Bulk clay mineralogy from the two samples and suspensions generated in the column studies was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM results were confirmed by selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and EDXA in a transmission electron microscope. In column experiments, the sample lower in Fe oxide displayed increased effluent turbidity that coincided with a decrease in effluent pH during injection of the CaCl 2 solutions. In contrast, no effluentturbiditywas observed during the leaching of NaCl solutions. The sample higher in iron oxide displayed greater effluent turbidity from the onset of leaching that decreased over the duration of injection for both the CaCl 2 and NaCl solutions. Colloids generated from both materials displayed positive electrophoretic mobilities, confirming the importance of iron oxides in controlling dispersion and surface charge properties of the mobile colloids. Minor differences in the clay mineralogy (i.e., iron oxide/kaolinite content) between the samples were reflected in both their sensitivity to pore-solution composition and the relative degree of dispersion observed for each sample. Electron microscopy, EDXA, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the mobile colloids consisted mainly of submicron sized Al-rich goethite, with lesser amounts of kaolinite,the predominate layer silicate of the bulk sediments, and varying amounts of crandallite.
A novel substrate termination technology for lateral double-diffused MOSFET based on curved junction extension

In this paper, a novel substrate termination technology (STT) for lateral double-diffused MOSFET (LDMOS) based on curved junction extension is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A low-doped P-substrate, which is inserted in the curved region of the LDMOS, adjusts the high-doped abrupt P-body/N-drift junction with small curvature radius to low-doped P-sub/N-drift junction with large curvature radius, thus reducing peak electric field and avoiding premature avalanche breakdown at the curved abrupt P-body/N-drift junction. The proposed STT has been applied to a super junction (SJ) LDMOS. The experimental results show that the SJ LDMOS with the proposed STT exhibits off-state breakdown voltage (BV) of 800 V, which is the highest BV for the reported SJ LDMOS by far.
ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE AS A GUIDE TO THE DEGREE OF HUMIFICATION OF PEATS

A novel approach was developed for assessing the degree of humification of peats at various stages of decomposition. The approach involves extraction of the peat with 0.5 M NaOH for 1 h, removal of the insoluble residue by centrifugation, and determination of the free radical content of the clear supernatant solution. Heights of ESR signals were found to be directly proportional to the degree of humification, as measured by solubility of the peat in dilute Na4P2O7 solution (the Na4P2O7 index). The free radicals that are involved in humification are substituted semiquinones, whose concentrations increase as humification advances.
Laplacian Solvers and Graph Sparsification

Graph Laplacian system of equations figure in a variety of problems in computer science, including fundamental graph theory, computer vision and electrical circuits. Though many traditional algorithms for solving linear system of equations could be used for this problem, the time complexity of these algorithms is super quadratic in the input size. One hopes to exploit the graph sub-structure associated with the system to possibly achieve a faster approximate solver. Spielman and Teng provided a major result in this direction by exhibiting an algorithm which solves a Laplacian system in time almostlinear in the number of edges of the graph. In this work, we survey and explore the solver by Spielman-Teng, and analyze the various sub-routines in the algorithm, including Spectral Sparsification. Spectral sparsifiers are subgraphs of the graph whose Laplacian eigenvalues are close to the eigenvalues of the original graph Laplacian. We present the Randomized Sparsification techniques of Spielman-Srivastava and the Deterministic Sparsification algorithm of Batson-SpielmanSrivastava, and analyze the underlying intuition behind the algorithms. We further survey and analyze the Laplacian solver given by Kelner et al., and discuss how it is similar to the Spielman-Teng Laplacian solver. This solver is based on the Randomized Kaczmarz iterative method for solving linear system of equations. We provide two extensions of this iterative technique, based on dihedral angles between hyperplanes, and analyze their convergence bounds. We also show that these extensions can be used to solve Laplacian systems as well.
Nonadditivity of ab initio pair potentials for molecular dynamics of multivalent transition metal ions in water

Ab initio molecular orbital pair potentials for the interaction of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions with H2O are reported. Molecular dynamics calculations of the static structure of the solvation shell of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in water using the ab initio pair potentials gives physically incorrect results, i.e., the coordination numbers are eight instead of six as observed experimentally. This problem has also been encountered by other workers for divalent transition metal ions in water. By computing three‐body energies from the interaction of two water molecules with the cations, we show that the origin of the problem is most likely in the assumption of the additivity of the pair potentials, i.e., neglect of many‐body forces. Empirical potentials are reported which take approximate account of the three‐body forces and give coordination numbers of six for both Fe2+ and Fe3+ in water.
Decay rate of concentration fluctuations in microemulsions

Using a variational method, we derive a set of equations of motion for ternary fluids with oil, water, and surfactant. The equations are written in terms of two local concentrations of the components and a local average velocity field. Choosing the free energy functional suitable for microemulsions, we study the dynamics of concentration fluctuations. The time-correlation function of the concentration fluctuations is shown to be generally given by two exponential functions due to the dynamic cross coupling between the two concentration fields. A formula of the stress tensor and the explicit form of the effective diffusion constant arising from the hydrodynamic interaction are also obtained.
trans-3-Amino-1-methyl-4-phenyl-2-azetidinone, C10H12N2O

The central four-membered azetidinone ring of the title compound is puckered significantly with an average ring torsion angle of 5.1 (1) °. Molecules form infinite twodimensional hydrogen-bonded networks via N--H. -. N [N.N 3.379 (3) A] and N--H.O [N.O 3.056 (3) A] interactions.
TRANSIENT CONDUCTION AND RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER WITH HEAT GENERATION IN A PARTICIPATING MEDIUM USING THE COLLAPSED DIMENSION METHOD

Combined conduction and radiation heat transfer with and without heat generation is investigated. Analysis is carried out for both steady and unsteady situations. One-dimensional gray Cartesian enclosure with an absorbing, emitting, and isotropically scattering medium is considered. Enclosure boundaries are assumed at specified temperatures. The heat generation rate is considered uniform and constant throughout the medium. The Crank? Nicholson scheme is used to solve the transient energy equation. The radiative part of the energy equation is solved using the collapsed dimension method. Transient and steady state temperature and heat flux distributions are found for various radiative parameters. Results are found for situations with and without heat generation. Heat generation is found to have significant bearing on temperature and heat flux. Results are compared with the data reported in the literature. Excellent agreement has been found.
Phase transition in polymer gels due to local heating by illumination of light

Abstract The volume phase transition in gels induced by visible light and its related properties are presented, the mechanism of which is based on local heating of a polymer network by illumination of light. The gels consist of a covalently cross-linked copolymer network of thermosensitive N-isopropylacrylamide and a chromophore. Without light illumination, the gel volume changes sharply, but continuously at approximately 34°C when the temperature is varied. At a fixed temperature of an appropriate value, a discontinuous volume transition is observed when the light intensity is gradually changed. The phase transitions can be understood in terms of the temperature increment at the immediate vicinity of polymer chains due to the local heating via light absorption and subsequent thermal dissipation of light by the chromophore. The results can be qualitatively described by the Flory-Huggins mean-field equation of state of gels. In order to make clear the mechanism of the light-induced phase transition in the .
Main-Chain Fullerene Polymers for Photovoltaic Devices

A prototype for a new class of macromolecules with a high fraction of fullerene is proposed. Their facile synthesis, modular structure, electronic activity, and novel solid-state behavior make them promising materials for photovoltaic applications. Controlled reversible-deactivation radical additions of the sterically bulky 1,4-bis(methylcyclohexyl ether)-2,5-dibromomethyl benzene to fullerene are indicated by GPC, NMR, and TGA studies to yield oligomers and polymers containing C60 in the main chain. UV and cyclic voltammetry indicate that the C60 undergoes mainly 1,4-additions and a minority (ca. 20%) of 1,2-additions to make a regio-irregular macromolecule. The same reaction performed in the presence of 1,4-bis(methylcyclohexyl ether)-2-bromomethyl benzene, resulting in macromolecules with bromomethyl-free chain ends, permitted confirmation of the aforementioned characteristics. The unusual reptation of the poly{(1,4-fullerene)-alt-[1,4-dimethylene-2,5-bis(cyclohexylmethyl ether)phenylene]}s (PFDP) in a.
Nitrate-dependent degradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol by acclimated activated sludge under anaerobic conditions

BACKGROUND: The synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is of great environmental concern. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the removal of EE2 by activated sludge under anaerobic conditions with or without nitrate. The effect of temperature on EE2 removal was also estimated. RESULTS: No biodegradation of EE2 was observed in the absence of nitrate; owing to sorption onto the activated sludge, the overall removal EE2 rate was 62%; the sorption was fitted to both Freundlich and linear sorption models; the sorption rate decreased with the increase temperature. In the presence of nitrate, the overall removal rate of EE2 was greater than 97% after 72 h, mostly from biodegradation (95%); the biodegradation could be described by first-order reaction kinetics with average rate constant of 0.0344 h−1; increasing temperature enhanced the rate constant and the removal rate could be as high as 96–98% in the temperature range 10–30 °C. CONCLUSION: EE2 was removed by activated sludge under anaerobic conditions. In the absence of nitrate, the removal of EE2 was a result of sorption onto activated sludge. In the presence of nitrate, biodegradation was the dominant process for EE2 removal. Higher temperature improves biodegradation rate, but reduces the sorption of EE2 onto activated sludge. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Dose‐proportionality, bioavailability, and steady‐state kinetics of astemizole in man

The pharmacokinetics and dose‐proportionality of astemizole (AST) (10, 20, and 30 mg given orally) were studied in 12 healthy male subjects by radioimmunoassay after selective extraction, enabling the determination of the plasma levels of AST and its major metabolite desmethylastemizole (DES‐AST). Peak levels of AST were reached within 1 hr. Plasma levels decayed biphasically with terminal half‐lives of about 1 day for AST and about 10 days for DES‐AST. Areas under the curve of parent drug accounted for 5% of those of DES‐AST. The bioavailability/bioequivalence of AST was studied in 21 healthy subjects according to a three‐way cross‐over design. Subjects received orally 30‐mg doses as a tablet, suspension, or solution. The study demonstrated an equal bioavailability of the drug from the three formulations since rate and extent of absorption were not significantly different. In patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, treated for 20 weeks with AST 10 mg/day, steady‐state was reached within 1 week for AST and within 4 weeks for DES‐AST. Elimination half‐lives after chronic treatment were similar to those after single dosing. Steady‐state plasma levels were in close agreement with predicted levels, indicative of linear pharmacokinetics of AST in man.
FT-INFRARED AND FT-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH

Recent efforts in the field of biomedical Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and FT-Raman spectroscopy of disease states in humans have been published by various groups working on cells, tissues, and body fluids, and a number of excellent papers on the application of biomedical FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy has appeared in the literature (1–37). While FT-IR spectroscopy as a tool for biodiagnostic purposes seems to be established and the first dedicated instrumentation for routine biomedical characterizations has already appeared on the market, FT-Raman spectroscopy, though potentially even more versatile, has not yet reached the stage of development at which routine biomedical applications are possible. This paper will not review details of technological developments and experimental or theoretical progress achieved in biomedical FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy. It will, rather, highlight some of the most important applications and experimental procedures in biomedical vibrational spectroscopy and possible future developments in this field. Emphasis will be put on the interpretation of spectra and the assignment of spectral features frequently observed in cells, tissues, and body fluids and on the discussion of acceptable standards for data acquisition and experimental protocols, the estab-
Step Coverage and Electrical Properties of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 Films Prepared by Liquid Source Chemical Vapor Deposition Using TiO(DPM)2

Thin films of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 (BST) with high dielectric constant were prepared on Pt/ SiO2/Si substrates of 6-inch-diameter by liquid source chemical vapor deposition using Ba(DPM)2, Sr(DPM)2 and TiO(DPM)2 (DPM=dipivaloylmethanato; C11H19O2) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The reproducibility of ±3 % for the film composition was achieved by optimizing the deposition procedures. It was found that the coverage of 72%, obtained at the substrate temperature T s=753 K, was better than those obtained using other Ti sources such as Ti(O-i-Pr)4 (TTIP) and Ti(O-i-Pr)2(DPM)2. The electrical properties of the 480-Å-thick BST film, deposited at T s=753 K using TiO(DPM)2, were as follows: dielectric constant ε=230, equivalent SiO2 thickness t eq=7.8 Å, leakage current density J L=6.7×10-6 A/cm2 at 1.65 V and dielectric loss tan δ=0.013.
Crystal structure of tetraaqua-bis(2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetato- kO)nickel(II) dihydrate, Ni(H2O)4(C8H5Cl2O3)2 ) 2H2O

C16H22Cl4NiO12, monoclinic, C12/c1 (no. 15), a = 38.06(2) Å, b = 4.975(2) Å, c = 12.679(5) Å, * = 92.957(6)°, V = 2397.9 Å, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.035, wRref(F ) = 0.106, T = 294 K.
Application of RESP charges to calculate conformational energies, hydrogen bond energies, and free energies of solvation

We apply a new restrained electrostatic potential fit charge model (two-stage RESP) to conformational analysis and the calculation of intermolecular interactions. Specifically, we study conformational energies in butane, methyl ethyl thioether, three simple alcohols, three simple amines, and 1,2-ethanediol as a function of charge model (two-stage RESP us standard ESP) and 1-4 electrostatic scale factor. We demonstrate that the two-stage RESP model with a 1-4 electrostatic scale factor of ∼1/1.2 is a very good model, as evaluated by comparison with high-level ab initio calculations. For methanol and N-methylacetamide interactions with TIP3P water, the two-stage RESP model leads to hydrogen bonds only slightly weaker than found with the standard ESP changes
Visible light-driven decomposition of gaseous benzene on robust Sn2+-doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles

This work shows the efficient degradation of benzene over robust Sn2+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by a facile sol–gel route under visible light irradiation. The structure, optical properties and chemical states of Sn species incorporated into anatase TiO2 were carefully characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman, UV-vis diffuse reflectance, X-ray photoelectron, X-ray absorption, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The maximal conversion rate of benzene achieved is up to 27% over the Sn/TiO2 with a Ti/Sn atomic ratio of 40 : 1 and remains constant for a cyclic run of six days, indicating the high photo-stability for the decomposition of benzene. The characterization results reveal that the Sn2+-doping narrows the band gap energy of anatase TiO2, leading to a visible-light response. The photocatalytic degradation pathway of benzene was proposed based on the results of ESR and Fourier transform infrared spectra. These results offer a full comprehension of the visible light photocatalysis of Sn2+-doped TiO2 for degradation of volatile organic pollutants.
Electronic effects of alloying elements Nb and V on body-centred-cubic Fe grain boundary cohesion

The segregation effects of Nb and V on bcc FeSigma3[110](111) grain boundary cohesion are studied by the first-principles DMol method within the framework of density functional theory. The calculated segregation energy difference between the grain boundary and the corresponding free surface is -0.51 eV (-0.58 eV) for solute Nb (V), which indicates that both Nb and V could enhance the grain boundary cohesion in body-centred-cubic Fe. We found that the chemical effect and the geometry effect of Nb (V) play crucial but opposite roles in determining whether a material is brittle or ductile. The chemical effect is dominant and advantageous for grain boundary cohesion. Also, Nb and V show very different behaviours: in chemical effect, Nb is more conducive to ductility than V; while in the geometry effect, Nb is less conducive to ductility and more conducive to embrittlement than V.