Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nectar Robbing and Pollination of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae)

Floral robbers are categorized as nectar-foraging, nectar-foraging-perforating, and pollen-foraging. Trigona fulviventris is a nectar-foraging-perforating robber of yellow flowers of Lantana camara. Flower head maturation of L. camara is centripetal and flowers turn from yellow to reddish-orange, resulting in inflorescences of central yellow flowers with peripheral orange and reddish-orange ones. In the laboratory, seed set occurs only after cross-pollination; in the field, the presence of orange and reddish-orange flowers is related to decreased nectar robbery of yellow flowers. Co-evolution of L. camara, its butterfly pollinators, and T. falviventris has presumably involved increased nectar production of this plant to feed both its pollinators and robber. THIS STUDY WAS MADE because of our limited knowledge of the pollination ecology of Latana camara; furthermore, it is the first record of nectar robbery by the stingless bee, Trigona (Trigona) fulviventris, or any other meliponine apid. T. fulviventris is a nectar-foraging-perforating robber of L. csmara which bites holes below the bases of the stamens (fig. 1) and probably effects little if any cross-pollination. Possible effects of its robbing behavior on butterfly pollinators and the general pollination ecology of this plant in Costa Rica were investigated. L. camara is a woody shrub distributed throughout tropical Central America; it has also become naturalized in other tropical and subtropical areas. Flowers gradually turn from yellow to reddish-orange in three days in the plants studied. Dronamraju (1958, 1960) reported that butterflies preferentially visit yellow flowers of Lantana and Muller (1877) hypothesized that having varicolored flowers makes inflorescences more visually attractive in potential pollinators. In Costa Rica, in addition to Lawtana, Trigona spp. rob nectar by perforation from Hamelia patens, Clerodendrum paniculatum, Rondeletia, and Malvaviscus. In other parts of the world, other genera of bees (e.g. Bombus, Apis, Xyloco pa, and Megachile) are or are likely to be nectar-foraging-perforating robbers of various genera of plants having flowers with tubular corollas (see for examples, Sprengel 1793, Darwin 1876, Kerner 1895, Porch 1924, Meidell 1944, Schremmer 1955, Meeuse 1961, Hurd and Linsley 1963, Macior 1966, 1970, 1971, Faegri and van der Pijl 1971).
Palynological study on the origin and systematic evolution of kernel-using apricots.

The characters of pollen grains from 20 apricots representing Prunus armeniaca L. ,P.sibirica L.and kernel-using apricots of subgenus Armeniaca were investigated with scanning electron microscopy(SEM)cluster analysis,using average linkage means,was then conducted with 10 quantitative and 2 qualitative traits from palynological data.The results showed that all pollen grains of subgenus Armeniaca were monads,isopolar,radially symmetrical,triangular or obtuse-triangular in the polar views, elliptical in the equatorial views,and the pollen was tri-colporate,which was consisted of an ecto-porus and a colpus,the ecto-porus obviously convex,elliptic,covered with irregular reticulate-like pattern and independent of the exine,the colpus usually elongated,entending nearly to the two poles.Pollen with striate ornamentation,presence or absence for perforation,four appurtenance types on the exine surface,such as turnup-like,ridge-like,granular and verrucate,and it is suggested that the between different apricot accessions could be used as important indicator for classification and phylogenetic relationships analysis in this subgenus.Both cluster and principal coordinate analysis classed 20 apricots into three groups:Kernel-using apricots group,mixed group of P.sibirica and P.armeniaca and mixed group of P.armeniaca and kernel-using apricots.The present study suggested that the most kernel-using apricots originated from the natural hybrid of P.armeniaca and P.sibirica,some may also be directly originated from sweet kernel type of P.armeniaca. Moreover,P.sibirica should be more evolutionary than P.armeniaca.
Second/foreign Language Literacy in Content integrated Instructions across Contexts

Learning a language cannot be isolated from involving any type of content information because “language mediates ideas, thoughts, and values to learn” (Bui & Truong, 2015, p. 91). Language is used to deliver one’s thoughts as a mediator to communicate with others. Many language learners are learning new content as a tool for introducing a new language and language learning is inseparable from the meanings (content) it conveys (Llinares, 2015). This paper contains a literature review on second/foreign language literacy and content integrated learning across various contexts. In this study, literacy development in a second/foreign language education field can be defined as developing an ability to use a second/foreign language, linguistic knowledge of the language, and the ability to interpret and evaluate a wide variety of discourse in written texts, symbols or signs (Leimbigler, 2014). In this respect, integrating a variety of content knowledge in second/foreign language literacy education result in improving meaningful content knowledge along with developing multiple components of language and literacy skills to use as a vehicle of communication.
A Deng-Entropy-Based Evidential Reasoning Approach for Multi-expert Multi-criterion Decision-Making with Uncertainty

The evidential reasoning (ER) approach has been widely applied to aggregate evaluation information in multi-expert multi-criterion decision-making (MEMCDM) problems with uncertainties. However, the comprehensive results derived by the ER approach remain uncertain. In this study, we propose a Deng-entropy-based ER approach for MEMCDM problems to reduce the uncertainty. Firstly, we reassign the remaining belief of the uncertain evaluation information to the focal elements of the given evaluations. Afterward, we introduce the Deng entropy to respectively calculate the objective weights of criteria and those of experts, so as to reduce the subjective uncertainty in MEMCDM. Then, the ER approach is applied twice to generate the comprehensive evaluations of alternatives. A method is introduced to rank alternatives corresponding to their comprehensive evaluations, forming a Deng-entropy-based ER approach for MEMCDM problems with uncertainty. An illustrative example of screening the people at high risk of lung cancer is provided, and comparative analyses are given to show the rationality and superiority of the proposed method.
How Do Transformational Leadership, Communication and Supply Chain Management Affect Commitment to Change through Readiness for Change?

This study aimed to determine the effect of transformational leadership, communication and supply chain information sharing system on a commitment to change and examine the mediating effect of readiness for change. The data were collected through a survey of 320 health workers in the hospitals of East Java who were involved in the implementation plan of the hospital service system and PL-SEM was used to test the hypotheses. The results of statistical analysis showed that transformational leadership and communication had a positive influence on the commitment to change, and the readiness for change significantly mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and commitment to change. However, it did not mediate communication and commitment to change. The study was carried out cross-sectional in government hospital institutions so that the limitations occurred in recognizing the development of the phenomenon under study.
A Comparative Study of Current Methods and Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is an abnormality that is manifested by a decrease in bone density. People with light skin, fine skeletons, a family history of osteoporosis, smokers, sedentary people and postmenopausal women are more likely to develop the disease. Early diagnosis of this disease can be of great help to improve one's future life course and prevent potential risks. There are currently ways to diagnose the disease that is discussed below. But what is important in this study is how to diagnose the disease further in this study and to use the tools that are least risky for the individual. In this case, almost all people in the community, including children and sick people, can also be tested. The person with the disease will receive early treatment.
FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION OF UN-NOTCHED ROUND SPECIMENS BASED ON CRACKING SIMULATION

This work presents a cracking damage model to assess fatigue lives of un-notched round specimens in axial stresses due to constant and variable amplitude loading. The model numerically simulates collective behavior of growing short fatigue surface cracks originating from the surface roughness of specimens made of a two-phase alloy. The specimen roughness is assumed resembling micro cracks of different sizes and locations along the minimum specimen circumference. Material grains of different phases, sizes and strengths are randomly distributed over that circumference. To verify the model, this work utilized published experimental data on round specimens made of ferritic-pearlitic steel and tested in push-pull constant and variable amplitude loading with (a) two-step high-low and low-high sequences, (b) repeated two-step loading blocks. To simulate laboratory testing, different specimens were randomly configured and virtually tested. Comparison of the experimental results and corresponding predictions shows the validity of the model. یقدم العمل الحالى محاکاة للشروخ المعتمدة على العمر الافتراضى للأحمال الثابتة والأحمال المتغیرة. النموذج یعمل محاکاة للسلوک الجماعى لنمو الشروخ الموجودة على سطح عینة ذات المقطع دائرى غیر المحززة ثنائیة الاطوار. وتمثل خشونة سطح العینة فى هذا النموذج شروخا صغیرة ذات أطوال ومواقع مختلفة على طول المحیط عند أقل مساحة مقطع ، ویتم توزیع حبیبات العینة بأسلوب عشوائى على هذا المقطع . وللتحقق من صلاحیة هذا النموذج ، تم مقارنة نتائج هذا النموذج بنتائج معملیة أجریت على نفس العینات ومعرضة لأحمال ثابتة وأخرى متغــیرة سواء کانت: (أ) مکونة من مرحلتین ، تبدأ من إجهاد منخفض ثم إلى إجهاد أعلى إلى أن یحدث الکسر أو العکس ، أو (ب) مکونة من مرحلتین ، تبدأ من إجهاد لعدد معین من الدوارات ثم إلى إجهاد آخر لعدد من الدورات مع التکرار. هـــذا، ولمحاکاة الاختبارات المعملیة تم تجهـــیز عینات إفتراضیة مختلفة بشکل عشوائى واختبارها إفتراضیا . وقد وجد أن نتائج النموذج الحالى تتفق مع النتائج المعملیة المنشورة. علاوة على ذلک ، قـد تم دراسة تأثیر خشونة السطح وقطر العینة والإجهاد المتوسط على عمر الکلل .
Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic trend for fur traits in a Karakul stud flock

Heritabilityestimates were obtained by using a unitrait derivative-freeanimal model REML programme. Estimates of heritability for curl type (h 2 = 0.46) and pattern score (h 2 ,= 0.27) followedexpectationsas derived from literature. The estimate for hair quality score (h2 = 0.14) was, however, lower than expected. An unexpected negative correlation (r = -0.37) was obtained between pattern score and hair quality score as estimated by simple correlation of individual predicted breeding values (PBVs) between traits. Environmental trends were influenced by changes in the system of score allocation to the subjectivelye\ aluated traits, which possibly indicate the sensitivity of the procedure. A positive genetic trend was evident for both pattern score (b = 0.011 ± 0.002) and hair quality score (b = 0.013 ± 0.001).
Assessment of Antagonistic Activity in PGPR Isolates against Alternaria solani causing Early Blight of Potato

1 Department of Plant molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, ANDUAT Kumarganj, Ayodhya -224229, India 2 PBR Agriculture college, Gausganj, Hardoi, India 3 Department of Soil Science, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya -224229 4 UPCAR, Lucknow, India 5 Department of Plant Pathology, ANDUAT Kumarganj, Ayodhya -224229, India 6 Directorate of Extension, ANDUAT Kumarganj, Ayodhya -224229, India 7 Department of Soil Science & Agril Chemistry, P G. College Ghazipur U.P India
Cardiac Diseases in Pregnancy Antibiotic Prescription Antenatal Care Services Epithelial Ovarian Tumours Low Back Pain Regional Anaesthesia in Children Somatisation Nigella sativa and Essential Tremor Neonatal Conjunctivitis Long Term Non-Progressive HIV Infection

Background: Conjunctivitis is a common infection among neonates and it is a known cause of preventable childhood blindness. There is geographical variation in the distribution of aetiological agents. Objective: To assess the prevalence of conjunctivitis among hospitalized neonates receiving care in a tertiary health care centre in South-west Nigeria, and describe its clinical and bacteriological correlates. Methods: The hospital records of neonates diagnosed with conjunctivitis at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu between January 2015 and December 2019 were reviewed. Their bio-data, perinatal history, laboratory results and treatment received were extracted for analysis. Results: One hundred and twenty-two neonates had conjunctivitis out of a total number of 2,286 admissions, giving a prevalence rate of 5.3%. Male infants had almost double the risk of developing the disease compared to female infants (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.09-2.35). Eighty-six (70.5%) babies were term, while 21 (17.2%) and 15 (12.3%) were preterm and small-for-gestational-age respectively. Most cases of neonatal conjunctivitis (82.0%) occurred in the first week of life while the mean ±SD age of onset was 5.3±4.5 days. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species were the commonest bacterial isolates affecting 57.1% and 23.0% neonates respectively. Moderately-high rates of resistance to erythromycin and gentamicin were observed among the bacterial isolates. Conclusion: Neonatal conjunctivitis is commonly due to Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species in this setting. It is commoner among male infants. Most cases run a mild course with good response to topical antimicrobial therapy.
POLITENESS, SPEECH ACT, AND DISCOURE IN SASAK COMMUNITY

Politeness, speech act and discourse have become an interest area of language use in context. Attention has been drawn to the universality of politeness strategies across the culture. This study examines the nature of pattern of communication in terms of politeness, speech acts and discourse in Sasak speech community. The subject of the study is 1 Tuan Guru giving religious speech in Sikur village. Participant observation is used as the method of data collection in this study. A video recording was used to collect data. Result of the study shows that reminding and suggesting are not the acts of indicating or threatening addressees’ negative face, but positive strategies used to minimize the threat for addressees’ positive face and negative one as a means of saving addressees’ negative face. These three variables were interrelated to decipher the nature of speech pattern of language use in the Sasak speech community. The notion of face should be analyzed according to norms and cultural values of such acts in different speech communities. Hence, the universality of communicative action and the type of speech act in a given speech community are crucial variable to scrutinize the language use in context.
Cold Hardiness in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), migrates long distances to find suitable conditions, but the possibility of its overwintering in specific hibernacula in temperate regions has been suspected. Supercooling points differed among developmental stages. Field-collected larvae had higher supercooling points than laboratory-reared larvae. No beet army-worms survived below their supercooling points. Most developmental stages showed a rapid cold hardiness in response to sublethal temperature to increase their survival capacities at lethal temperatures. This rapid cold hardening was correlated with the increase of hemolymph osmolalities, polyol(s) production, and cold-induced proteins. Although sublethal temperature increased the ability to survive subzero temperatures. its prolonged exposure was lethal to the beet armyworm.
The Effect of Black Seed Oil as Adjuvant Therapy on Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Risk

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is one of the transcription factors involved in providing endogenous antioxidants. Black seed oil (BSO), suspected have antioxidant effects that can be used to modulate the expression and levels of Nrf2. The study aims to determine the effect of BSO as adjuvant therapy on levels of Nrf2 to the patients with metabolic syndrome risk. The research used analytical observational with cohort design. Samples study consisted of 62 patients at risk with metabolic syndrome risk at Jetis I Public Health Center, Bantul District, from September to December 2016. Eligible subjects were divided into two groups, (1) BSO group, patients get BSO with a dose of 3 mL/day and standard therapy for 20 days. (2) Control group, patients got placebo and standard therapy during the intervention for 20 days. Level of Nrf2 were estimates using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The mean values ± SD between groups were tested with independent t-test with significance of p= The results showed that Nrf2 in group 1 was 0,866 ± 0,11 ng/ml and the group 2 was 0,864 ± 0,15 ng/mL (p=0,94). There were no significant difference in the both groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, adjuvant therapy of BSO doses 3 mL/day for 20 days could not increase levels of Nrf2 in the patients with metabolic syndrome risk based on type treatment and demographic characteristic at Jetis I Public Health Center, Bantul District.
Effect of Inbreeding on Pre-Weaning Growth Traits of Barki and Rahmani Lambs

Data on 704 Barki and 732 Rahmani lambs born at Alexandria University Experimental Station between 1991 and 2014 were utilized in this investigation to evaluate the effects of inbreeding of lambs and ewes on birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and average daily gain (ADG) from birth to weaning. Inbreeding coefficients of lambs and ewes were estimated using Wombat program by fitting a univariate animal model for each breed separately. Least squares analysis of variance indicated that means of BW, WW and ADG of Barki lambs were 3.69 and 20.53 kg and 139.71 g, respectively. The respective values for Rahmani lambs were 3.54 and 20.09 kg and 137.81 g.The means of lamb and ewe inbreeding coefficients were 0.0616 and 0.0434 for Barki and 0.0845 and 0.0552 for Rahmani.The effects of season and year of birth, sex of lamb, type of birth and parity on all studied traits of both breeds were significant (P<0.01 or P<0.05) except the effect of year of birth on BW and effects of parity on WW and ADG of Barki lambs which were not significant. Linear regression coefficients of studied traits on inbreeding of lambs were not significant for both breeds except that of ADG of Rahmani lambs which was significant (P<0.05). On the other hand, linear regression coefficients of lambs studied traits on their ewes inbreeding were significant (P<0.01) for Barki breed. The corresponding coefficients for Rahmani breed were significant (P<0.01) for WW and ADG but not for BW. The regression coefficients of Barki lambs BW, WW and ADG on lambs inbreeding coefficients were -0.0032 and 0.0275 kg and 0.2107 g, and were 0.0031 and -0.0384 kg and -0.3906 g for Rahmani, respectively. The corresponding estimates of Barki BW, WW and ADG on ewes inbreeding coefficients were -0.0182 and -0. 2104 kg and -1.6110 g and those for Rahmani were -0.0035 and -0.1041 kg and -0.8329 g, respectively. In General, the current results indicated that inbreeding level of ewes had greater detrimental effects than that of lambs on lambs' growth traits especially for Barki breed. Therefore, inbreeding should be avoided in this flock of Barki and Rahmani sheep through utilizing planned mating or introducing breeding rams from other sheep flocks.
Determinants of Youths Rural to Urban Migration in Ethiopia (Case of Addis Ababa)

Young people comprise a considerably large share of contemporary rural-urban internal migration flows and recently becoming growing phenomena in Ethiopia. This study analyzes the determinants of rural to urban youth’s migration to Addis Ababa. To do so, the study was employed both descriptive and econometrics analysis tools to analyze the data. The paper explored that firstly, Migrant youth have heterogeneous motivation by socio demographic background. Secondly, most youth migrants characterized by secondary school attainment, literate mother or father, but low rural farm size. Thirdly, large numbers of migrants make assistance and information based migration decision. Fourthly, rural unemployment and Concentration of various elements of modernization and Proximity to better social infrastructure facilities in the urban areas greatly impact the rural-urban youth’s migration. Fifthly, Temporary income shocks can make youth socioeconomic insecure. In the last, the migrant youth have general improvement in the cities compared to rural and make effort to improve their livelihood condition. Moreover, using binary logistic regression model, the study estimate youths decision to migrate. Generally The main determinant forces for migration decision was gender, Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing | Vol 2 | Issue 15 Publication Date: 5-7-2020 www.ajrsp. com 114 ISSN: 2706-6495 crop failure, family shocks, and non-economic desires, as push factors and social infrastructure and facilities in urban as pull factors affect youths’ rural-urban migration.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SECONDARY AIR DIRECTION ON NATURAL GAS DIFFUSION FLAME

The aim of the present paper is to study experimentally and theoretically the natural gas flame characteristics using different secondary air inlet directions for different primary air swirl numbers and different primary air to fuel ratios. Secondary air was introduced into the combustion chamber in four directions; normal, forward, backward and tangential relative to the chamber axis and the main flow direction. For this study, a test rig was constructed including a vertical test combustor with an air swirler. It also includes primary air, secondary air and fuel lines. Four air swirlers were used changeably. These swirlers have different vane angles of 15, 30, 45, and 60 to generate different swirl numbers of 0.23, 0.5, 0.87 and 1.5, respectively. In addition to the base test combustor, four combustors were constructed to ensure the introduction of secondary air in four directions. During tests, the primary air mass flow rate was kept constant, while the fuel mass flow rate was changed to give different primary air/fuel ratios of 30, 40 and 50. Also, the secondary air flow rate was changed to give different secondary/primary air ratios of 0.25-1. A three dimensional model was used to simulate the turbulent reacting flow using computational fluid dynamics package (Fluent 6.3). The comparison between the measured and calculated temperature distribution shows a good agreement. Also, the results show that the introducing of secondary air leads to a decrease in the flame size, and tangential direction gives the shortest flame length for most cases while backward direction gives the longest one. Normal and forward directions produces higher O2 and lower CO and CO2 concentrations.