Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Glycemic Index/Load Dietary Patterns and Glycemia and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Low-glycemic index (GI) and load (GL) dietary patterns are recommended for diabetes management by clinical practice guidelines globally. To inform the update of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of low-GI/GL dietary patterns on glycemic control and other established cardiometabolic risk factors in type 1 and 2 diabetes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through November 2020. We included randomized controlled trials ≥3-weeks investigating the effect of low-GI/GL diets in diabetes. The primary outcome was HbA1c. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. GRADE (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) assessed the certainty of the evidence. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04045938) We identified 30 trial comparisons in 1,672 participants with type 1 and 2 diabetes who were predominantly middle-aged, overweight or obese with moderately controlled type 2 diabetes treated by antihyperglycemic agents and/or insulin. Low-GI/GL dietary patterns significantly reduced HbA1c compared with higher-GI/GL control diets (mean difference −0.32% [95% confidence interval −0.48, −0.16%], P < 0.001; substantial heterogeneity, I2 = 74%, P < 0.001). There were also significant reductions in several secondary outcomes: fasting glucose, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, body weight, BMI, and CRP (P < 0.05), but not insulin or blood pressure. The certainty of evidence was moderate for the reduction in HbA1c and most secondary outcomes. Our synthesis indicates that low-GI/GL dietary patterns improve established targets of glycemic control, blood lipids, adiposity and inflammation beyond concurrent therapy with antihyperglycemic agents and/or insulin in moderately controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The available evidence provides a good indication of the likely benefit in this population with moderate likelihood that more research will alter our conclusions. Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the EASD, CIHR.
Comparison of urinary protein-to-creatinine ration, serum albumin, serum creatinine and systolic arterial blood pressure of glomerular injury cases in dogs with chronic kidney disease

This study aims at assessing the prevalence of glomerular alterations in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and comparing the clinical and laboratory parameters. The tests conducted include a double-blind histopathological assay conducted by two pathologists, urine tests including inactive sediment, urinary protein-to-creatinine (UPC), serum albumin and serum creatinine, as well as measurement of the systolic arterial blood pressure. The prevalence of glomerular injuries was determined and the predominant injury was compared with a group comprised of the remaining injuries. The study included 24 dogs with CKD. The results revealed a predominance of membranous glomerular alterations 17/24 (70,83%), followed by glomerulosclerosis 3/24 (12,50%), membranoproliferative injuries 2/24, glomerulocystic atrophy 1/24 and glomerular amyloidosis 1/24. Amyloidosis presented the highest UPC while the membranoproliferative injury presented the lowest mean concentration of serum albumin. Higher values in the UPC did not correspond with lower mean serum albumin values. Glomerulosclerosis presented the highest mean systolic blood pressure and glomerular atrophy presented the highest creatinine values. When comparing membranous injuries with a group comprised of the remaining injuries, the UPC did not present significant differences between the groups. Renal amyloidosis was included in the group with the lowest systolic arterial blood pressure values while membranoproliferative injury was included in the group with highest UPC. The group called “others” presented the highest creatinine value. Dogs with CKD may present several types of glomerular injuries with similar clinical and laboratory profiles. This study observed a predominance of membranous glomerular injuries, followed by membranoproliferative injuries, glomerulocystic atrophy and amyloidosis.
Life-cycle asset allocation and the peso problem: does ambiguity aversion matter?

PurposeThe study aims to show that ambiguity aversion exerts a non-negligible effect on the investors' decisions, especially due to the possibility of sharp declines in stock prices.Design/methodology/approachThe vast majority of previous studies on life-cycle consumption and asset allocation assume that the equity premium is constant. This study evaluates the impact of rare disasters that shift the stock market to a low return state on investors' consumption and portfolio decisions. The author assumes that investors are averse to ambiguity relative to the current state of the economy and must incur a per period cost to participate in the stock market and solve their optimal consumption and asset allocation problem using dynamic programming.FindingsThe results show that most young investors choose not to invest in stocks because they have low accumulated wealth and the potential return from their stock market investments would not cover the participation costs. Furthermore, ambiguity-averse investors hold considerably fewer stocks throughout their lifetime than ambiguity-neutral ones. The fraction of wealth invested in stocks over the typical consumer's life is hump-shaped: it is low for a young individual, peaks at his early 30s and then decreases until his retirement age.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that assesses the impact of negative stock price jumps on the optimal portfolio of an ambiguity-averse investor.
Design-oriented uniaxial material model for predicting longitudinal compressive behaviour of D36 steel plates with multiple mechanically induced pits

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted on D36 steel plates under various corrosion scenarios. This was realised to determine the interactive effect of multiple corrosion pits on the compressive behaviour of stiffened plates and to establish a generalised design-oriented uniaxial material model for application in fibre element models to assess the strength and stability of ship structures. The performance parameters were observed to be highly sensitive to corrosion through the test. To obtain a better understanding of the transition between the two typical failure modes, i.e. strength failure and buckling failure, a parametric sensitivity analysis was performed on corroded specimens to identify the effects of some factors on the length coefficient. Using the test data, a design-oriented linear–exponential stress vs. strain material model was proposed, and it was observed that the corrosion-based exponent in this model could switch it smoothly from a bilinear form for lower corrosion cases to an exponential form for higher corrosion cases.
The orbitofrontal cortex represents advantageous choice in the Iowa gambling task

A good‐based model, the central neurobiological model of economic decision‐making, proposes that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) represents binary choice outcome, that is, the chosen good. A good is defined by a group of determinants characterizing the conditions in which the commodity is offered, including commodity type, cost, risk, time delay, and ambiguity. Previous studies have found that the OFC represents the binary choice outcome in decision‐making tasks involving commodity type, cost, risk, and delay. Real‐life decisions are often complex and involve uncertainty, rewards, and penalties; however, whether the OFC represents binary choice outcomes in a complex decision‐making situation, for example, Iowa gambling task (IGT), remains unclear. Here, we propose that the OFC represents binary choice outcome, that is, advantageous choice versus disadvantageous choice, in the IGT. We propose two hypotheses: first, the activity pattern in the human OFC represents an advantageous choice; and second, choice induces an OFC‐related functional network. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and advanced machine‐learning tools, we found that the OFC represented an advantageous choice in the IGT. The OFC representation of advantageous choice was related to decision‐making performance. Choice modulated the functional connectivity between the OFC and the superior medial gyrus. In conclusion, the OFC represents an advantageous choice during the IGT. In the framework of a good‐based model, the results extend the role of the OFC to complex decision‐making situation when making a binary choice.
Development of the Hostility in Pandemic Scale (HPS): A Validity and Reliability Study

Hostility in pandemic, Pandemic, Hostility, Scale development, Validity. Abstract: The aim of this research is to develop Hostility in Pandemic Scale (HPS) for Turkey Population to determine the hostility levels of individuals, which is a factor affecting the mental well-being of the society during the pandemic. The study group consists of 855 individuals between the ages of 18-65 from different genders, and have experienced the pandemic process. For the construct validity of the scale results, exploratory factor analysis was conducted and a one-dimensional structure consisting of 22 items was revealed. It was determined that the variance explained by the scale showing a one-dimensional structure was 41.5%. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis performed through a separate study group, it was revealed that all items have significant t values, and the model established according to model fit indexes has meaningful and acceptable fit values. BussPerry Aggression Scale was applied with HPS for the criterion validity. As a result of the criterion validity analysis, a significant relationship was found between the scale scores. The Cronbach Alpha was calculated to analyses internal consistency of the scale and a reliability level of 0.93 was obtained. The test-retest reliability results were found as 0.89. In addition, item statistics revealed that all of the scale items can discriminate well among the respondents. Results of the analysis revealed that, the Hostility Scale in Pandemic Process provides valid and reliable results.
Applied Machine Learning Algorithms for Courtyards Thermal Patterns Accurate Prediction

Currently, there is a lack of accurate simulation tools for the thermal performance modeling of courtyards due to their intricate thermodynamics. Machine Learning (ML) models have previously been used to predict and evaluate the structural performance of buildings as a means of solving complex mathematical problems. Nevertheless, the microclimatic conditions of the building surroundings have not been as thoroughly addressed by these methodologies. To this end, in this paper, the adaptation of ML techniques as a more comprehensive methodology to fill this research gap, covering not only the prediction of the courtyard microclimate but also the interpretation of experimental data and pattern recognition, is proposed. Accordingly, based on the climate zoning and aspect ratios of 32 monitored case studies located in the South of Spain, the Support Vector Regression (SVR) method was applied to predict the measured temperature inside the courtyard. The results provided by this strategy showed good accuracy when compared to monitored data. In particular, for two representative case studies, if the daytime slot with the highest urban overheating is considered, the relative error is almost below 0.05%. Additionally, values for statistical parameters are in good agreement with other studies in the literature, which use more computationally expensive CFD models and show more accuracy than existing commercial tools.
The Construction and Validation of a New Listening Span Task

The listening span task is a measure of working memory that requires participants to process sets of increasing numbers of utterances and store the last word of each utterance for recall at the end of each set. Measures to date have contained an exceedingly demanding processing component, possibly leading to insufficient resources to meet the word recall requirement, which may have affected the sensitivity of the measure to distinguish different levels of working memory. Further, tasks thus far have asked participants to verify the content utterances based on knowledge, which may have confounded the measurement of working memory capacity with world knowledge. An additional weakness is that they lack sound psychometric construct validity evidence, which clouds what these tools actually measure. This pilot study presents a listening span task that accounts for preceding methodological shortcomings, which was administered to 31 Japanese junior high school students. The participants listened to ten sets (two sets of equal length of two, three, four, five and six utterances) of short casual utterances, judged whether they made sense in Japanese, and recalled the last word of each utterance in the set. Performance was assessed through a scoring procedure new to listening span tasks in which credit is given for the words recalled in order of appearance until memory failure. The data was analyzed through the Rasch model, which produces evidence for different aspects of validity and indicates if the items in a test measure a unidimensional construct. The results provided validity evidence for the use of the new listening span task and revealed that the instrument measured a single unidimensional construct.
Adolescent Mental Health Help-Seeking from Family and Doctors: Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour to the Northern Ireland Schools and Wellbeing Study

ABSTRACT Background Adolescent mental illness is of increasing concern, with prevalence increasing especially in females in the United Kingdom. While service-related barriers can deter help-seeking, the role of family support and engagement in family activities, and attitudes towards seeking help from a doctor has received little attention. Studies exploring help-seeking from family and medical practitioners have done so without incorporating theories of behaviour change. This study aims to develop a model of adolescent help-seeking using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Method A cross-sectional survey of 1639 male and females aged 13–17 years in Northern Ireland. Structural Equation Modelling determined fit for TBP factors, with the addition of gender, experience of mental health issues, and engagement in family activities. Results The Structural Equation Model suggests an adequate description of the relationships between TPB variables [χ 2(639) = 8302.36, p < . 001; RMSEA = 0.09; SRMR = 0.06; CFI = 0.92; IFI = 0.92], with significant variance (R 2) of up to 61% (Intentions to Seek Help from Family) and 24% (Intention to Seek Help from Medical Professionals) explained. Males (compared to females) reported a more supportive family life, fewer mental health problems, more trust in doctors, less prosocial behaviour, more confidence discussing mental health with a doctor, and greater intentions to seek family or medical professional help when having emotional/mental health problems. Conclusions When supporting adolescent’s gender, engagement with family and trust in doctors should be considered, especially where they have experienced mental health issues and may be less willing to seek help.
Outcomes in patients (pts) aged ≥65 years in the phase 3 ASCENT study of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC).

1011 Background: Approximately 20% of pts diagnosed with TNBC are aged ≥65 y. Often, older pts are less fit for chemotherapy due to a greater rate of comorbidities, increased use of medications, and pre-existing frailty or functional loss. SG is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of an anti–Trop-2 antibody coupled to the cytotoxic SN-38 payload via a proprietary, hydrolyzable linker. The landmark phase 3 ASCENT study (NCT02574455) showed improved outcomes with SG vs single-agent chemotherapy of physician’s choice (TPC) in pts with relapsed/refractory mTNBC (median progression-free survival [PFS], 5.6 vs 1.7 mo; median overall survival [OS], 12.1 vs 6.7 mo). Here we assess the impact of age on the efficacy and safety of SG in ASCENT. Methods: Pts with mTNBC refractory/relapsing after ≥2 prior chemotherapies were randomized 1:1 to receive SG (10 mg/kg IV on days 1 and 8, every 21 days) or TPC (capecitabine, eribulin, vinorelbine, or gemcitabine) until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was PFS per RECIST 1.1 by independent review in brain metastases-negative (BMNeg) pts. Safety outcomes were assessed in all treated pts. This prespecified subgroup analysis assessed the impact of age (pts ≥65 y) on PFS, OS, and safety. Results: Of 529 pts enrolled, 468 were BMNeg (median age, 54 y); of these, 44/235 pts (19%) who received SG and 46/233 pts (20%) who received TPC were aged ≥65 y. SG treatment improved median PFS vs TPC in pts ≥65 y (7.1 vs 2.4 mo; HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12-0.40). SG vs TPC treatment also improved median OS in pts ≥65 y (15.3 vs 8.2 mo; HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22-0.64). Treatment with SG vs TPC resulted in higher ORR (50% vs 0%) and clinical benefit rate (CBR, 61% vs 9%) in pts ≥65 y. Of the 7 pts ≥75 y who received SG, 2 had partial response, 4 had stable disease [SD], and 1 had SD > 6 mo as best response. In pts < 65 y, median PFS for SG vs TPC was 4.6 vs 1.7 mo (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.35-0.59), and median OS was 11.2 vs 6.6 mo (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.40-0.64), respectively; the ORR and CBR were 31% vs 6% and 41% vs 9%, respectively. Pts ≥65 y treated with SG vs TPC had similar rates of all grade and grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). TEAEs leading to dose reduction were similar in pts ≥65 y in the SG vs TPC arms (35% vs 33%) and were lower in pts < 65 y (19% vs 24%). Key treatment-related TEAEs leading to dose reduction in pts ≥65 y in the SG vs TPC arms were neutropenia (including febrile neutropenia; 14% vs 25%), fatigue (10% vs 4%), diarrhea (6% vs 0%), and nausea (4% vs 0%). TEAEs leading to treatment discontinuation with SG vs TPC were low in pts ≥65 y (2% vs 2%) and < 65 y (5% vs 6%). There were no treatment-related AEs leading to death in any SG-treated age group. Conclusions: Irrespective of age, pts who received SG had a significant survival benefit vs TPC, with a tolerable safety profile. Proactive AE monitoring and management will allow optimal therapeutic exposure to SG in older pts. Clinical trial information: NCT02574455 .
Development of an Inquiry Stance? Perceptions of Preservice Teachers and Teacher Educators Toward Preservice Teacher Inquiry in Dutch Primary Teacher Education

This study aims to gain insight into the perceived purpose and value of preservice teacher inquiry in Dutch primary teacher education by teacher educators and preservice teachers at the undergraduate level; it also assesses the implementation of teaching and learning activities, and learning outcomes associated with teacher inquiry. In the Netherlands, inquiry competence in primary teacher education develops over a 4-year period, resulting in students’ completion of capstone projects using practitioner inquiry. The authors combine a survey with focus groups of teacher educators and preservice teachers from eight institutes. They find differences between preservice teachers’ perceptions of the implementation of inquiry competence and teacher educators’ visions and perceptions of such implementation. All participants, students and educators, believe inquiry to be valuable and perceive learning outcomes of inquiry to be enriching, yet about half of the preservice teachers do not to expect to undertake inquiry in their future teaching jobs.
The Loop Trail “Quest”: Use of a Choice-based Digital Simulation, An Interactive Video, and a Booklet to Communicate and Analyze Decision-making of Park Visitors

ABSTRACT Depreciative park visitor behaviors in protected areas can alter the relationship between humans, wildlife, and ecosystems and provide new opportunities for pathogens to cause illness in people. We created communication interventions that illustrate to park visitors the impact of off-trail walking, dogs off-leash, and littering. We aimed to uncover reasons behind park visitor decision-making and to compare differences in responses between messaging treatments. Our study in Great Falls Park (Potomac, MD) exposed 1207 park visitors to one of three messaging treatments: a choice-based digital simulation, a video, or a booklet. Participants either experienced or observed the role of park visitor behaviors in disease transmission to humans. All participants answered Likert-type questions that gauged their perceptions of the link between humans, animals, and disease. Participants in simulation and video treatments also ranked reasons for non-compliant behaviors. We compared changes in Likert scores by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests, and compared rank data with Chi square analysis. Key findings suggest that participants selected reasons for non-compliant behaviors that aligned with their “self-interests. ” This study applies a social marketing lens to a One Health problem and demonstrates the need for educational interventions that employ game-based learning to convey associations between human and wildlife health.
Fire, drought and flooding rains: The effect of climatic extremes on bird species’ responses to time since fire

Climatic extremes and fire affect ecosystems across the globe, yet our understanding of how species are influenced by the interaction of these broadscale ecological drivers is poorly understood. Using a ten‐year dataset, we tested how extreme drought and rainfall interacted with time since fire (TSF) to shape bird species’ distributions.
Full‐Depth Scalings for Isopycnal Eddy Mixing Across Continental Slopes Under Upwelling‐Favorable Winds

Mesoscale eddy mixing profoundly modulates the ocean tracer budgets, and is typically parameterized via the isopycnal eddy diffusivity in ocean climate models. However, relatively little is known about the magnitude/structure of isopycnal eddy diffusivity across continental slopes, which hinders the understanding and prediction of shelf‐open ocean exchanges. In this study, we quantify the isopycnal eddy diffusivity in a suite of eddy‐resolving, process‐oriented simulations of mesoscale turbulence over continental slopes under upwelling‐favorable winds, a configuration that commonly arises around the margins of subtropical gyres. Cross‐shore eddy diffusivity is found to be suppressed in the upper open ocean occupied by strong alongshore flows, but enhanced at depths where alongshore flows are weakened, a finding that is consistent with the enhancement of eddy mixing near the steering level. Over continental slopes, eddy diffusivity also strengthens at mid‐depths, but almost vanishes near the seafloor. To theoretically constrain the simulated eddy fluxes, we examine the scaling of eddy diffusivity proposed by Ferrari and Nikurashin (2010, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4278.1), which accounts for the suppression of eddy mixing induced by the relative propagation of eddies to the mean flow. We show that, apart from the mean‐flow suppression effect, the eddy anisotropy effect induced by steep topography shapes both the horizontal and vertical structures of cross‐shore eddy diffusivity. Finally, we propose prospective closures of the eddy propagation speed and eddy anisotropy effect over continental slopes using the large‐scale flow and bathymetric quantities. This work offers a basis upon which a “slope‐aware” parameterization of mesoscale eddy mixing can be developed.