Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Procedimentos de coleta de leite cru individual e sua relação com a composição físico-química e a contagem de células somáticas

To increase industrial production, improve quality and meet consumers demand, dairy industry has become more demanding regarding raw material suppliers. It is assumed that both milking type and raw milk sampling influence the physico-chemical composition and somatic cell count (SCC). To confirm this hypothesis, 180 samples from 30 cows were analysed. A factorial arrangement 2x3 was used, being two sampling types (manual - collecting the first 100mL, and milking machine - samples from the complete milking) and three types of samples (morning, afternoon and pool). The fat and TS (Total Solids) contents were most influenced either by the type of collection or the the type of sampling. Variation between the protein and lactose contents was observed according to the types of sampling. Statistical differences (P<0.05) were verified for SNF (Solids Non Fat) values according to the milking type. The SCC values showed low correlations to the contents of fat, milk and TS and negative correlations to the lactose and SNF contents. The results showed the influence of the milking type on the physical chemical composition and milk SCC and the importance of standardizing the milk sampling technique.
Parental Autonomy-Support, Parental Control, SES, and Mathematics Achievement: A Latent Profile Analysis

ABSTRACT Research has demonstrated that parental autonomy-support and control are two related but distinct factors. However, little research has investigated the different levels of parental autonomy-support (versus control) and the effects of these differences on student outcomes. This study addresses these gaps by identifying a typology of parents who vary in the levels of autonomy-support and control using latent profile analysis, and examining the relationships among family SES, parenting (parental autonomy-support and control), and students’ mathematics achievement. The sample (N = 468, Grades 7 & 8) of this study were students from a secondary school in Shenzhen, Mainland China. Participants completed a parenting questionnaire and some items measuring socioeconomic status. Results revealed that there were three subtypes of parenting as perceived by students: Ruling parents, Democratic parents, and Governing parents. Parents with the highest family SES were more likely to be Ruling or, to a lesser extent, Governing parents. Students with Ruling parents had higher levels of mathematics achievement than their peers with Democratic or Governing parents. Findings have implications for future research to provide better assessments of the impacts of parenting style on student achievement and for parents and teachers working closely to support student learning.
Emotional experiences in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism: Anger and mood in neutral and anger evoking situations

ABSTRACT Objectives: This paper presents four independent studies examining emotional experiences in grandiose and vulnerable narcissism across neutral and anger-evoking situations, controlling for the shared variance between neuroticism and vulnerable narcissism. Methods: In Study 1 and 2, we explored the associations of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism with temporary anger and mood in neutral situations. In Study 3 and 4, we examined participants' responses to induced anger and provocation, respectively. Results & Conclusions: Across conditions, vulnerable narcissism was associated with higher baseline anger and worse mood, while grandiose narcissism was related to a better mood. Our results suggest that narcissism shapes individual emotional experience. However, it is not connected with any specific emotional reactions in anger-evoking situations.
Composition of tomato fruit. III.—Juices from whole fruit and locules at different stages of ripeness

Changes in the composition of tomato fruit during ripening have been studied with particular reference to titratable acidity, sugars and soluble solids. The analyses were made on juices expressed from whole fruit, and also on free juices from the locules. The content of sugars and of total solids in juices from whole fruit, and of sugars in the locular juices, increased from the mature green to the orange-red or red stages of ripening. The acidity of the juices decreased progressively as orange and red pigments developed in the outer walls, the highest values in the locules generally occurring in the mature green fruit whereas for whole fruit a maximum was found at the first appearance of yellow areas in the malls. Storage of orange-red tomatoes at room temperature for 6 days caused a significant decrease in sugars and titratable acidity in the expressed juices.
Controllable orientations for Sb2S3 solar cells by vertical VTD method

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is a promising photoelectric material because of its wide bandgap approximately 1.7 eV for next‐generation solar cells, high optical absorption coefficient, and its green and earth‐abundant constituents. Different to traditional cubic structure photovoltaic materials, Sb2S3 holds one‐dimensional crystal structure and its thin film with [hk1] preferred orientation shows one‐order‐higher carrier transport mobility. However, all the reported Sb2S3 films exhibited [hk0] preferred orientation on CdS‐based superstrate device structure up to now. Thus, it is indispensable to study the controllable‐orientations Sb2S3 film deposition and the relationship between the orientation and performances. In this paper, we develop a vertical vapor transport deposition (V‐VTD) method, which can tune the preferred orientation of Sb2S3 thin film from [hk0] to [hk1] by reaction recipe monitoring. Combining the experiment results, a reasonable deposition/reevaporation competing model is suggested to explain above orientation conversion mechanism. The device efficiency increases from less than 2% to about 4% with the orientation of Sb2S3 film changing from [hk0] to [hk1]. By fine regulating the technique of deposition, the device with [hk1] orientation has better crystallinity, lower interface recombination, and higher built‐in voltage comparing with the [hk0] one. Finally, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.5% has been achieved, and the VOC of 730 mV is the top value among the Sb2S3 solar cells. The present versatile orientation tuning strategy could overcome the bottleneck of strong anisotropic materials and show high potential for noncubic material deposition and related optoelectronic device performance enhancement.
Assessment of spatio-temporal variation in larval abundance of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the Rupert River (Quebec, Canada), using drift nets

Summary The Rupert River is one of the largest tributaries on the east coast of James Bay. Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) is present all along the main stem where several spawning grounds have been located, four of which are major spawning grounds that have been studied at km 216, 281, 290 and 362. The total number of drifting larvae was estimated with drift nets set along transverse transects at km 212, 276, and km 287 from 2007 to 2009, and at km 361 in 2008 and 2009, using a new technique, namely, a Doppler current meter to measure water velocity within transect sub-sections corresponding to Voronoi polygons. There was a substantial, persistent difference in the number of larvae produced by the four main spawning areas. On average, the most productive site (km 276) produced over five times more larvae than the least productive site (km 361). Average estimated numbers were 41,194 at km 212, 176,840 at km 276, 106,212 at km 287, and 30,642 at km 361. Temporal variations were of much less amplitude than spatial differences. Between 2007 and 2009, interannual variations were not significant, except at km 212, despite differences in river flow during incubation and larval drift. The number of gravid females and the quality of spawning grounds would likely be the main factors influencing the total number of larvae. Vertical distribution of larvae is variable between sites and years, and shows a slight tendency for larvae to be more surface oriented. Higher flow near the surface would partly explain larger surface drifting of larvae. Transverse distribution is uneven and often associated with the location of the spawning grounds and the river flow. Given the uneven vertical and transverse distribution of larvae, an effective sampling strategy should cover the complete water column and full river width. Where depth exceeds 3 m, at least two stacked nets are recommended. In large rivers, filtering close to 1% of total river flow should result in acceptable confidence intervals, allowing a good comparison of the number of larvae in space and time.
Food Availability, Sea Urchin Grazing, and Kelp Forest Community Structure

Unlike most previously reported kelp forest, which exhibit long—term persistence over large spatial scales, the kelp forest community on the west end of San Nicolas Island, California, occurs as a dynamic patchwork of barren areas characterized by grazing sea urchins and an algal assemblage consisting of upright and encrusting coralline algae, and kelp—dominated areas characterized by high densities of perennial brown algae, including the giant kelp Macrocysits pyrifera. In this study we examine the factor that regulate the grazing of sea urchins (Strongylocentroutus franciscanus), which in turn determines the structure of this community. In the barren area, drift algae sparse, sea urchins were poorly nourished, occupied open, unprotected microhabitats, and actively grazed the substratum. In the kelp—dominated are, drift algae were abundant, sea urchins were well nourished, moved little, occupied cracks and crevices, and probably fed on the drift algae. Early in the study substantial recruitment of brown macroalgae occurred in both sites, and the barren area gradually transformed into a kelp—dominated area. Concomitant with this change, the abundance of drift algae in the barren area increased. Urchins in this area abandoned open microhabitats for protected crevices and pockets, and sea urchin grazing intensity was reduced to levels characteristic of the kelp—dominated area. From these observations we present a qualitative model in which the transformation from one configuration to another is triggered by a behavioral switch in the mode of feeding of red sea urchins. This switch is controlled by the availability of drift algae, which in turn is dependent upon the abundance of attached macroalgae. The adult algal standing stocks appear to be regulated by prevailing hydrographic conditions, which are either favorable or unfavorable for kelp recruitment, survivorship, and growth. In this model grazing intensity is independent of urchin density and therefore provides a new view of how kelp forest communities function.
Optimal resource allocation in the difference and differential Stackelberg games on marketing networks

We consider difference and differential Stackelberg game theoretic models with several followers of opinion control in marketing networks. It is assumed that in the stage of analysis of the network its opinion leaders have already been found and are the only objects of control. The leading player determines the marketing budgets of the followers by resource allocation. In the basic version of the models both the leader and the followers maximize the summary opinions of the network agents. In the second version the leader has a target value of the summary opinion. In all four models we have found the Stackelberg equilibrium and the respective payoffs of the players analytically. It is shown that the hierarchical control system is ideally compatible in all cases.
Three IgA Myeloma Immunoglobulins from the BALB/c Mouse: Precipitation with Pneumococcal C Polysaccharide

Three of 64 IgA immunoglobuilins, derived from plasma cell tumors induced by mineral oil in BALB/c mice, precipitated with species-specific pneumococcus C polysaccharide. A related antigen was also found in group O and some group H streptococci. A difference in ability to precipitate a C polysaccharide from a pneumococcus type XIV was demonstrated between protein 603 which did precipitate and protein 167 which did not precipitate this polysaccharide. Studies of the 167 and 603 proteins showed differences in electrophoretic mobility and polypeptide chains. The antigen-combining site of the 167 and 603 proteins resided on the papain-digestion Fab fragment.
Density‐dependent territory size and individual growth rate in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Whether territoriality regulates population size depends on the flexibility of territory size, but few studies have quantified territory size over a broad range of densities. While juvenile salmonids in streams exhibit density-dependent mortality and emigration, consistent with space limitation, there has been relatively little study of how territory size and individual growth rate change over a broad range of densities, particularly in field experiments. Consequently, we manipulated the density (range = 0.25–8 m−2) of young-of-the-year (YOY) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in mesh enclosures erected in a natural stream to test whether (i) territory size is fixed, decreases continuously or decreases towards an asymptotic minimum size as density increases; and (ii) individual growth rate decreases as a negative power curve with density as in observational field studies. Territory size decreased with increasing density, consistent with an asymptotic minimum size of about 0.13 m2 for a 5-cm fish. Individual growth rate also decreased with density, although the magnitude of decrease was steeper than in observational studies. Our results suggest a limit to how small territories can be compressed, which will set the upper limit to the local density in a habitat. The density-dependent changes in territory size and individual growth rate will both play a role in the regulation of stream salmonid populations.
Contribution of native and non‐native species to fish communities in French reservoirs

Previous studies showed that only 20% of the variability in fish community structure in French reservoirs could be explained by site characteristics. In addition, no relationship was found between the relative abundance of species and stocking effort. Therefore, deliberate or uncontrolled introductions are likely to be the source of a great part of the observed communities. The objective of this study was to assess the importance of species introductions in French reservoirs. Fifty-one reservoirs were sampled to obtain species presence/absence data. Local native (LNaR) and non-native (LNNR) species richness were negatively correlated. LNaR was strongly correlated to the lake surface area, depth and catchment area, whereas LNNR was independent of environmental variables. Furthermore, LNaR was positively correlated to regional native richness. Conversely, local total richness was independent of regional total richness, but was related to the reservoirs’ environmental characteristics. It was hypothesised that the native fish communities in French reservoirs are unsaturated and species introductions lead to saturated communities.
Survival, growth and metabolic parameters of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, juveniles exposed to different waterborne nitrite levels

Altos niveis de nitrito (NO2-) podem ocorrer em sistemas de cultivo com alta densidade de estocagem, mas analises sobre os valores de concentracao letal e o efeito do NO2- em parâmetros metabolicos e no crescimento sao escassos. Neste estudo foi analisada a concentracao letal em 96 h (CL50-96h) para nitrito (NO2-) em juvenis de jundia, Rhamdia quelen, e o efeito de quatro niveis de nitrito (0,06; 0,46; 1,19 e 1,52 mg.L-1) no crescimento e no lactato, glicose, glicogenio e proteina hepatica e muscular. A CL50-96h para NO2- foi 20,46 (intervalo de confianca: 16,10-23,68) mg.L-1. No experimento de crescimento, a exposicao ao NO2- nao afetou o peso, comprimento ou taxa de crescimento especifico, mas devido a mortalidade (66,7% e 100% apos 20 e 40 dias, respectivamente), a biomassa dos juvenis expostos a 1,52 mg.L-1. NO2- foi significativamente mais baixa que a biomassa dos juvenis expostos aos outros tratamentos. Deste modo, o nivel seguro de NO2- para o crescimento do jundia e abaixo de 1,19 mg.L-1 (2% da CL50-96h). A exposicao do jundia ao NO2- por 40 dias diminuiu os niveis de lactato no musculo, mas esses niveis aumentaram nos exemplares mantidos em 1,19 mg.L-1 NO2-. Alem disso, os niveis de glicose no musculo e figado foram significativamente mais baixos nos jundias expostos a concentracao mais elevada de NO2-. Estes resultados indicam que a exposicao cronica ao NO2- provoca uma oxidacao anaerobica do substrato para obtencao de energia.
HPTLC Fingerprint Profile and Identification of Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Leads from Bauhinia rufescens L

Diabetes is one of the world’s major health problems, and many reports have supported the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Bauhinia rufescens, a plant used in Sudanese folkloric medicine for the treatment of diabetes. It was also aimed to identify isolates and characterize the bioactive antidiabetic and antioxidant compounds using bioactivity-guided fractionation followed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) autobiography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Two potential compounds were successfully isolated and identified which may provide new leads for more potent analogues in drug discovery.
Evaluation of adjuvants for foliar application of Steinernema carpocapsae against larvae of the diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella )

Increasing resistance to chemical insecticides in field populations of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) has stimulated research on alternative control measures. The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae may be one such alternative, particularly against the third larval instar of P. xylostella. The LC50 for the second instar is 38, the third 13 and the fourth 22 nematodes/larva. Plutella xylostella pupae were not affected by the nematodes, although mortality in leaf disk bioassays after application of nematodes in water seldom surpassed 50%. Therefore, additives were tested to improve nematode performance. Only Triton X-100 (0.3%) caused phytotoxic effects. The addition of xanthan gum or potassium alginate resulted in a two-fold increase of insect mortality at 80% relative humidity (RH) and a five-fold increase at 60% RH. Mixtures of 0.3% xanthan or alginate with 0.3% surfactants further improved efficacy. In water the LT50 for S. carpocapsae against P. xylostella larvae was > 40 h. Using a mixture of 0.3% xanthan or 0.3% alginate with 0.3% surfactant, the LT50 was reduced to < 25 h.
Phenotypic plasticity of life-history characters in response to different germination timing in two annual weeds

An experimental manipulation was conducted to test whether germination timing influences the post-germination life-history characters in Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium glaucum L. Seeds were sown in spring, late spring, and summer. Life-history characters of both phenology and morphology were measured, and dry masses of roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive organs were determined. Life-history characters showed high plasticity in response to different sowing dates. Later germinating plants had relatively faster growth rates and smaller sizes at reproduction than earlier germinating plants. Delaying germination led to relatively earlier reproduction and a relatively greater allocation to reproduction. Much of the variation (60%) could be explained by a single axis of a principal component analysis. The attributes on this axis were similar to the CR axis of Grime's CSR model. Further, the sowing dates of these two species were aggregated on this axis such that spring germinators tended towards.
Self-medication with antimicrobials in children: a study in tertiary care hospital, Odisha, India

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is emerging as global threat to health, the injudicious use being linked to multiple reasons namely parental misconceptions, easy drug availability and previous experiences. Children, due to frequent illnesses, are victims of this misuse and more than fifty percent of these drugs are self-medicated by caregivers. This study attempts to assess the trends associated with self-medication with antimicrobials in children and the factors associated with it. Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study, among pediatric outpatients aged 1 month to 14 years, in SCBMCH and SVPPGIP, Cuttack, during March 2019 to September 2019. A structured dichotomous questionnaire was administered to caregivers, including details of socio-demography and antimicrobials self-medicated. A pilot study was done for period of 1 month, and questionnaire accordingly modified. Data was analysed with Chisquare test and percentages, using SPSS 18. Results: Among the 300 patients studied, prevalence of self-medication with antimicrobials was 21%. Most patients self-medicated on pharmacists’ advice (44.4%), commonest reason being similar illness previously (41.3%). Fever (31.7%) and cold cough (28.6%) were usual conditions, with Azithromycin being most frequently administered. 54% of cases self-medicating antimicrobials, had errors of dose or duration, with 27% reporting side-effects. Child’s age (p=0.042), father’s age (p=0.044), mother’s age (p=0.002), chronic illness in child (p=0.002) and type of family (p=0.011) were significantly associated with antimicrobial self-medication in children. Conclusions: The high prevalence of self-medication with antimicrobials mandates need to educate parents and enforce laws regarding illegal dispensing of these drugs, to reduce the threat from resistance.