Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Application of a Split-Conjugated Anti-Brucellosis Vaccine as a “Provocing Factor” for Identification of Brucellosis in Animals

| The split-conjugated vaccine against brucellosis of animals was tested as a provocateur in order to identify sick (latent) animals in both brucellosis safe and brucellosis poor farms. After administration of the test vaccine, antibodies remained in the blood of healthy animals for up to 2.5 months, then disappeared, and antibodies remained in the blood of sick animals after 3.5, 4.5 and 7.5 months and gradually disappearing over time. The split-conjugated animal brucellosis vaccine has a “provocative effect”, exacerbates the infectious process and thereby makes it possible to identify sick animals. We recommend the use of a split-conjugated animal brucellosis vaccine in brucellosis-poor households in order to detect latent animals and create humoral immunity in animals while maintaining antibodies in the blood of animals for 2.5 months. In the case of small detection of animals with brucellosis in the farm (from 1 to 5 animals), we recommend using the vaccine to detect animals with brucellosis and to create immunity in healthy animals twice with an interval of 3 months. If a large number of animals with brucellosis in the farm (from 6 to 20 and above goals) are detected, we recommend using the vaccine once after eliminating the sick livestock, followed by the use of the vaccine from the Brucella abortus 82 strain, which must be vaccinated after passing calving (May July). The split-conjugated animal brucellosis vaccine can be used on both non-pregnant and pregnant cows, as it does not cause abortion.
Efficacy and safety of panitumumab in a cohort of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in France: PANI OUEST, a post-EMA-approval descriptive study with a geriatric oncology focus.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The Bretagne-Pays de la Loire cancer observatory, an oncology network created by the French Ministry of Health, is specifically dedicated to assess the use of new targeted anticancer therapies in routine practice. In line with the French National Cancer III program, our cancer network set up a real-life cohort, which is independent of the pharmaceutical industry, for patients with colorectal cancer to monitor patient safety and quality of care and promote pharmacovigilance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Panitumumab monotherapy was assessed in 243 patients with wild-type Kirsten rat sarcoma who were treated for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) between July 2008 and December 2010 after prior chemotherapy using oxaliplatine and irinotecan. This was a post-European medicine agency marketing (EMA-M) study Results: This study shed light on the best practices, strategic adaptations, clinical results (treatment objective responses, 13%; progression free survival, 2.99 months [2.73-3.15]; and overall survival, 6.8 months [5.49-8.38]) as well as expected or unexpected (grade 3 or 4: 11.5%) secondary effects in the phase IV panitumumab treatment of mCRC. CONCLUSION Our results are similar to those by Amado whose phase III study led to obtaining EMA-M for panitumumab and tend to confirm the antitumor activity of this antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody in the treatment of mCRC. In addition, our results opened avenues to further assessment of panitumumab use as monotherapy as well as its benefit-risk ratio while taking into account the patients' general and clinical characteristics. In 2012, the French National Authority for Health appended these data to the panitumumab transparency committee report.
Indirect Effects of Feral Horses on Estuarine Communities

Abstract: Livestock have grazed on salt marshes for centuries and have dramatic effects on marsh vegetation. Most studies examining the effects of livestock on salt marshes have focused on the effects on plants rather than on salt marsh fauna or ecological processes. However, grazers such as feral horses may have strong indirect effects on communities by altering the habitat, making it more or less suitable for species that potentially occur there. We evaluated the indirect effects of grazing by feral horses on estuarine animals that use salt marshes and adjacent subtidal communities. Surveys revealed that horse‐grazed marshes had less vegetation, a higher diversity of foraging birds, higher densities of crabs, and a lower density and species richness of fishes than marshes not grazed by horses. In addition, fish density was reduced in subtidal habitats adjacent to grazed marshes. Experiments manipulating marsh vegetation indicated that the potential for predation on fishes in ungrazed marshes was higher than in grazed marshes. Results of additional experiments in which fishes were enclosed with or without artificial Spartina suggested that the removal of shelter provided by marsh vegetation results in behavioral shifts by fishes that make them more susceptible to predation. Although large herbivores are naturally absent from extant salt marsh ecosystems, such large herbivores were common members of Pleistocene communities. Using modern horses as surrogates for extinct ungulates, we hypothesize that large herbivores could have had strong indirect effects on Pleistocene estuarine habitats. We argue that both the modern introduction of ungulates to salt marshes and the prehistoric elimination of large herbivores affected estuarine biodiversity.
Human predation and Kloss's gibbon (Hylobates klossii) sleeping trees in Siberut Island, Indonesia

Kloss's gibbons (Hylobates klossii) and Mentawai langurs (Presbytis potenziani) on Siberut Island, Indonesia, both sleep in emergent trees 34–55m tall, situated on crests and upper slopes of hills. They differ in that 91% of gibbon sleeping trees examined were free of lianas, whereas 89% of langur sleeping trees were draped with thick, woody lianas hanging from the branches to the ground. Because indigenous hunters climb lianas to shoot primates in treetops, gibbons are less susceptible than langurs to nocturnal human predation. Hence, the gibbons' preference for—and apparent control of—the limited supply of vineless trees gives them an advantage over langurs.
Learners’ Attitude Toward the Implementation of Standardized Test of Academic English Proficiency Test

English language competence plays an importance role for social and economic sectors. As one of required skill for the market demands, English test is often conducted to measure one’s ability for both active and passive English language skills. Recent studies have found that the commonest international tests are considered unnecessary for non-native English countries’ pedagogical background. Therefore, Standardized Test of Academic English Proficiency Test (STAcEP) is designed to fill the gaps between the need of English language assessment and Indonesian socio-educational curriculum. Some previous studies of STAcEP research has focused on the test validity and reliability. However, study of learners’ attitude has not been conducted to evaluate to what extent the test is significantly correlated with their engagement with the test. This study aims to investigate learners’ attitude towards the implementation of STAcEP test instrument. In order to report accurately learners’ attitudes, a learners’ attitude of test participation questionnaire is electronically distributed to 750 participants. Thus, the data are analyzed qualitatively and presented according to learners’ attitude indicators towards: 1) test design; 2) test information transparency; 3) test procedures; 4) test mode; and 5) test wash back. The results revealed that various responds of the aforementioned indicators have been performed by the learners. Moreover, the finding of the study is expected to be a framework for STAcEP test preparation classes.
Strategies for Communicating Health and Safety Information on Construction Sites in Nigeria

The construction industry (CI) has earned the notoriety of being a risky or profoundly unsafe industry. Studies have credited the majority of the mishap on construction sites to poor communication of health and safety (H&S) information among all the parties engaged in construction activities. The study assessed strategies for communicating H&S information on construction sites and evaluates factors influencing the choice of communication strategies for H&S information on construction sites. The data for the investigation were gotten using multiple-choice questionnaire administered on 20 construction sites domicile in Abuja, Nigeria. A sum of one hundred (100) questionnaire were administered to respondents; out of which eighty-five (85) were returned speaking to 85% reaction rate. Data received were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% degree of certainty. The study revealed that safety signs and training are most important medium of communicating H&S information on construction sites and shown that cost implication of the strategy significantly influences the choice of communication strategies for H&S information on Nigerian construction sites. The study therefore, recommends that contracting firms be duty-bound to engage signs and symbols in communicating H&S information, as communication that involves images is clearer and can be directly understood. Quantity surveyors should ensure that adequate provision is made in the bill of quantities for implementing H&S procedures on construction sites. Safety awareness ought to be incorporated in the overall procurement procedure, and workers should be consistently train and re-train on H&S procedures.
Investigations on the effectiveness of Levamisol as a medication against the eel parasite Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda)

Two different dosages, 2 and 5 mg l-', of Levamisol (anthelmintic), applied in a water bath, were tested over a long term against various developmental stages of the swim bladder parasite Anguillicola crassus in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Almost all preadult and adult nematodes, which live in the lumen of the swim bladder, show signs of paralysis 6 h after therapy. During the following weeks, many are killed off. However, some nematodes are able to regenerate after suffering sublethal damage. The mortality rates of preadult and adult parasites were similar at both dosages. The final juvenile stages of the parasite, which live in the swim bladder wall, are less sensitive to the medication. The highest mortality rate observed among this group was 48 %. I t was mainly the larger juveniles, from 3 to 5 mm, that suffered lethal damage, especially at the higher dosage. About 3 wk after treatment, the infestation rate with intact nematodes in the swim bladder lumen begins to increase again, due to the recovery of preadult and adult nematodes and the migration of surviv~ng juveniles into the lumen of the swim bladder. The eggs and newly hatched larvae (L2) of A. crdssus, which are released in the lumen of the swim bladder, show no reaction to the medicine.
Does the inequality-credit-crisis nexus exist? An empirical re-examination

ABSTRACT Rajan claims that rising inequality led to financial crises through credit booms in the U.S. Kumhof and Ranciere provide a theoretical formulation for this hypothesis. However, their assertions are not supported by cross-country evidence found in the work of Bordo and Meissner. A few subsequent empirical studies, albeit inspired by this pioneering work, find new evidence not in line with its conclusion but with the Rajan hypothesis. To clarify this controversial issue, we base our study on the B-M framework, resort to different estimators, and employ more model specifications by incorporating the role of deindustrialization. We find strong evidence for the inequality-credit-crisis nexus as modelled by Kumhof et al.
Heavy rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) mast seeding and rat (Rattus spp.) population eruptions on Stewart Island/Rakiura

Abstract This study aimed to quantify changes in rat abundance and population structure before, during, and after a rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) mast seed event in lowland forest on Stewart Island, New Zealand. Rats, primarily ship rats (Rattus rattus), were trapped in low numbers throughout the study period (March 2000‐March 2003), except when they erupted to very high abundance in spring 2002, shortly after heavy rimu seed fall. In the immediate post‐peak phase, scavenging of trapped rats increased substantially; rats were seen and trapped in daylight; and weights of adult female rats were low in relation to their size, which suggests that food shortage was the cause of the subsequent steep decline in abundance. Rat eruptions have been observed on Stewart Island after heavy rimu seed fall several times over the past 40 years. Eruptions of rats caused by heavy rimu seed‐fall may have triggered the invasion of nearby islands by rats, and caused the extinction of several native species on Stewart Island.
Childhood Oral Infections Associate with Adulthood Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Chronic oral infection/inflammation is cross-sectionally associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults, but there are few longitudinal studies and studies on childhood oral infections and adult MetS risk. We investigated whether childhood clinical parameters indicative of oral infection/inflammation were associated with adulthood MetS and its components. A total of 755 children aged 6, 9, and 12 y underwent a clinical oral examination in 1980 as part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Oral health measures included bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing pocket depth, caries, fillings, and visible plaque. Metabolic parameters were determined at baseline and during follow-up. MetS was diagnosed (n = 588, 77.9%) in the adulthood at 21 y (in 2001), 27 y (in 2007), and 31 y (in 2011) after the oral assessment, when the participants were 27 to 43 y old. Regression analyses were adjusted for childhood age, sex, body mass index, and family income, as well as adulthood smoking and education level. In adulthood, MetS was diagnosed in 11.9% (2001), 18.7% (2007), and 20.7% (2011) of participants at the 3 follow-ups. Childhood caries and fillings were associated with increased risk of adult MetS (risk ratio [95% CI], 1.25 [0.90 to 2.45] and 1.27 [1.02 to 1.99]) and with increased systolic blood pressure (1.78 [1.01 to 4.26] and 2.48 [1.11 to 4.12]) and waist circumference (2.25 [1.02 to 4.99] and 1.56 [1.01 to 3.25]), whereas BOP and visible plaque were associated with plasma glucose (1.97 [1.08 to 3.60] and 1.88 [1.00 to 3.53]). Severity of BOP (P = 0.015) and caries (P = 0.005) and teeth with plaque (P = 0.027) were associated with number of MetS components. No such trends were seen with probing pocket depth. Childhood oral infection/inflammation was associated with adverse metabolic parameters and MetS in adulthood.
Effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on semen parameters, serum, and intratesticular testosterone levels

The goal of this work was to evaluate if men who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy would have improvement in serum testosterone (T) as well as serum 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP—An intratesticular T biomarker) in addition to semen parameters after operation.
Anatomical evaluation of wood surfaces produced by oblique cutting and face milling

The condition of superficial tissues plays an important role in the behavior of adhesive/wood interfaces. Tissues at the wood surface should be the least distorted possible during surfacing in order to avoid the formation of mechanical weak boundary layers. These layers cause significant loss of adhesion of coating films and gluelines during utilization of wood. In this study, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were surfaced by oblique cutting and face milling, while paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) was face milled. Cell damage was considerably higher in face milling than in oblique cutting. This damage was manifested in the form of lateral distortion, bending, and rupture of tissues. In general, superficial cell damage presented similar patterns for all species studied, but its severity was quite variable as a function of species and cutting conditions. The present study describes damage patterns and discusses the possible implication of cell damage in wood finishing and gluing.
Rapid detection and diagnosis of Septoria tritici epidemics in wheat using a polymerase chain reaction/PicoGreen assay

In order to detect and quantify Septoria tritici infection levels in wheat leaves, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed using the β‐tubulin gene as target. Specific PCR primers were designed by aligning and comparing β‐tubulin sequences from other fungi. The final primer set was selected after being tested against several fungi, and against S. tritici‐infected and uninfected wheat leaves from different localities. A single DNA fragment (496 bp) was amplified from S. tritici, whereas no products were generated from DNA of the host plant or other micro‐organisms associated with wheat leaves. Using agarose gel analysis, approximately 2 pg S. tritici genomic DNA could be detected in each assay. However, for rapid quantification of PCR‐amplified products, a fluorometric microtitre plate‐formatted PicoGreen assay was used; this could detect as little as 10 pg S. tritici DNA in the presence of 200 ng wheat leaf DNA. The PCR/PicoGreen assay was applied successfully to study the colonization, infection and subsequent disease development of S. tritici on wheat, both under controlled conditions in the glasshouse and in the field.
Performance Feedback Persistence: Comparative Effects of Historical Versus Peer Performance Feedback on Innovative Search

Firms use aspirations to regulate innovative search activities, but peer and historical referents may contain different signals regarding performance feedback. Integrating insights from the literature on profit persistence with the behavioral theory of the firm, we propose a persistence-based framework of organizational innovative search that connects the persistence characteristics of feedback from peer and historical referents with innovative search. We first predict that feedback from peer referents is more persistent than feedback from historical referents. Further, we theorize that peer performance feedback produces more pronounced effects: Performance above (below) peer aspiration leads to less (more) innovative search compared with performance above (below) the historical aspiration level. In addition, because industries impose heterogeneous levels of profit persistence, the differential effect between peer and historical performance feedback on innovative search is likely to be more evident in highly persistent industries. Examining the research-and-development intensity of a comprehensive panel of Compustat manufacturing firms over the past 45 years, our results from quasi–maximum likelihood analysis and fixed-effect panel regression largely support our theoretical development. Our study extends a nascent understanding of aspiration heterogeneity by revealing and empirically confirming the critical role of persistence.
Cupric oxide oxidation products of northern peat and peat-forming plants

Alkaline cupric oxide oxidation and proximate analysis were used to investigate the sources and diagenetic state of organic matter in six Sphagnum-dominated peatlands located between Alberta, Canada, and Ohio, U.S.A. Cupric oxide oxidation was also used to characterize vascular and nonvascular wetland plant species to provide a specific biological fingerprint of these plant tissues. Oxidation of 15 species of Sphagnum moss released large quantities of unsubstituted p-hydroxyl phenolic compounds as well as the species specific sphagnum acid (p-hydroxy-β-(carboxymethyl)-cinnamic acid). By contrast, vascular plant tissues released large amounts of lignin oxidation products. Cupric oxide oxidation of Sphagnum peat from more northerly sites produced mainly p-hydroxyl phenolic monomers with lesser amounts of vascular lignin derived phenols. In contrast, southern sites and those dominated by woody vegetation produced oxidation products characteristic of vascular plant lignin. A distinct relationship exists between the amount of acid-insoluble Klason lignin and both the diagenetically sensitive phenolic acid to aldehyde ratios as well as the total yield of vanillyl phenolic oxidation products. We found evidence of selective decay of phenolic lignin precursors. These relationships indicate the lignin component in surficial layers of Sphagnum-dominated peat is influenced by both Sphagnum and vascular plant lignin, and the structure of lignin appears to undergo diagenetic changes in these layers. Application of an end-member mixing model revealed that lignin oxidation products poorly predicted vegetational composition of the lignin in more decomposed peat, probably as a result of selective decay of lignin structural phenols.
Benefits of Dietary Butyric Acid, Sodium Butyrate, and Their Protected Forms in Aquafeeds: A Review

Abstract Excessive application of antibiotics to control fish and shrimp diseases in aquaculture has been associated with several drawbacks, such as immune suppression, development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, and elevated levels of antibiotic residues in animal products. To overcome this problem and to promote fish health and their productivity, several immunostimulants have been used as additives in aquafeeds. In this regard, interest in the research on the use of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in aquafeeds is increasing tremendously, as they exert several beneficial effects on farmed fish and shrimp. Among SCFA, butyric acid (BA); its salts, such as sodium butyrate (SB); and their protected forms have attracted particular attention of researchers as growth promoters and immunostimulants as well as for their antioxidant properties. Until date, extensive studies have been conducted on the beneficial effects of BA, SB, and their protected forms on growth performance, feed utilization, proximate body composition, intestinal health status (gut microbial communities, the histo-morphological structure of the intestinal villi, and digestive enzymes), antioxidant properties, haemato-immunological functions, expression of immune genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and resistance of fish and shrimp to diseases. These studies have demonstrated SCFA as promising feed additives in aquaculture. The present review article summarizes the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation of BA, SB, and their protected forms on aquatic organisms. Furthermore, the review discusses the information available pertaining to their modes of action.