Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Measurements in Transitional Boundary Layer Flows

Experimental results are presented to document hydrodynamic and thermal development of flat-plate boundary layers undergoing natural transition. Local heat transfer coefficients, skin friction coefficients, and profiles of velocity, temperature, and Reynolds normal and shear stresses are presented. A case with no transition and transitional cases with 0.68 percent and 2.0 percent free-stream disturbance intensities were investigated. The locations of transition are consistent with earlier data. A late-laminar state with significant levels of turbulence is documented. In late-transitional and early-turbulent flows, turbulent Prandtl number and conduction layer thickness values exceed, and the Reynolds analogy factor is less than, values previously measured in fully turbulent flows.
The perception of women engineers in the construction industry in Palestine

The industrial and occupational distribution of women is such that women are concentrated predominately in a few occupations, mostly in the service sector, such as banking, finance, insurance, public administration, hotel, and catering. Men and women are equal in their capabilities in almost every respect, provided that women are given the same opportunities as men for training, employment, and promotion. There is a lack of research studies on women in the construction industry; therefore this field needs special consideration. The purpose of the current study is to find out working conditions of the Palestinian women civil and architect engineers in the construction industry in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. In addition, it attempts to examine their career prospects and to understand problems experienced by these women throughout their academic years as well as in their careers. Discrimination against women is still present in today's construction industry as well as in other traditional engineering cultures. In order to minimise or cope with this problem, attitudinal change by both men and women is strongly suggested.
A unified model of nucleation switching

A unified field-induced nucleation model provides a common mechanism for switching in chalcogenide phase change memory and related devices of arbitrary thickness. We employ the model to derive equations for the threshold and holding voltages in terms of material parameters and device thickness, which are in excellent agreement with previous measurements and our data.
Performance of Formulations for Whitecapping in Wave Prediction Models

This paper describes work currently being carried out to examine possible methods to improve the computation of the dissipation by whitecapping in third generation wave prediction models. Such alternatives are needed to avoid unphysical dissipation behavior in the case of double-peaked wave spectra. First, an overview is given of the problems associated with the formulation for whitecapping that is now widely used in wave prediction models. Second, a summary is given of existing suggestions to improve the whitecapping formulation. Third, a number of examples are given with the new formulations to illustrate the potential improvements.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
La tributación de las bebidas azucaradas en la Región de las Américas

Los impuestos selectivos sobre las bebidas azucaradas representan una política eficaz y basada en la evidencia para prevenir las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT). Junto con los impuestos selectivos sobre los productos tabacaleros y sobre las bebidas alcohólicas, constituyen una herramienta para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, y la Organización Mundial de la Salud los recomienda para modificar los factores de riesgo comportamentales vinculados con la obesidad y las ENT, según se indica en el plan de acción mundial de la OMS. Se ha dicho que los impuestos sobre las bebidas azucaradas representan una ganancia triple para los gobiernos, puesto que: 1) mejoran la salud de la población, 2) generan ingresos y 3) pueden reducir a largo plazo los correspondientes costos de atención de salud y pérdidas de productividad. La tributación de las bebidas azucaradas se ha puesto en marcha en más de 73 países de todo el mundo. En la Región de las Américas, 21 Estados Miembros de la OPS aplican impuestos selectivos a nivel nacional sobre dichas bebidas y siete jurisdicciones de Estados Unidos de América las gravan con impuestos locales. Si bien el número de países que aplican impuestos selectivos nacionales sobre las bebidas azucaradas en la Región es prometedor, la mayoría de esos impuestos se podría ampliar para mejorar su incidencia en el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y en la salud. En esta publicación se presentan algunos conceptos económicos relacionados con la justificación del uso de impuestos sobre las bebidas azucaradas, así como con los costos relacionados con la obesidad; algunas consideraciones clave sobre el diseño de impuestos, incluidos los tipos, bases y tasas correspondientes; una descripción del posible ingreso tributario y su asignación a fines específicos; la evidencia sobre la medida en que se prevé que dichos impuestos incidan en los precios y la demanda de las bebidas gravadas y su sustitución por bebidas no gravadas; y la respuesta a algunas preguntas frecuentes sobre los efectos económicos de la tributación de las bebidas azucaradas.
An in-process monitor for n-channel MOSFET hot carrier lifetimes

A rapid test that can detect changes in the hot carrier reliability of n-channel MOSFETs due to process induced damage to the oxide/interface was developed. The test consists of a short snapback stress phase, followed by a 5-s electron injection phase. Results are shown to be strongly correlated with variations in hot carrier reliability due to oxide damage during upper-level processing steps. The test assumes that basic MOSFET structural parameters such as doping profiles and channel lengths do not vary significantly. This type of test is particularly useful as an inline monitor in wafer fabrication, enabling the rapid detection of process induced damage effects on hot carrier lifetime. The use of 1/f noise signals as a monitor for hot carrier resistance was also investigated. It was shown that the 1/f noise signal of an unstressed MOSFET was not correlated with its hot carrier robustness. <<ETX>>
Beyond Generating Transit Performance Measures

In recent years, the use of performance measures for transit planning and operations has gained a great deal of attention, particularly as transit agencies are required to provide service under increasing demand and with diminishing resources. The widespread application of the technologies of intelligent transportation systems to transit encourages automating the generation of comprehensive performance measures. In Portland, Oregon, the local transit provider, Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet), has been on the leading edge of the transit industry since it implemented its bus dispatch system (BDS) in 1997. The BDS comprises automatic vehicle location on all buses, a radio communications system, automatic passenger counters on most vehicles, and a central dispatch center. Most significant, TriMet developed a system to archive all its stop-level data, which are then available for conversion to performance indicators. In the past decade, TriMet has used this system extensively to generate performance indicators through monthly, quarterly, and annual reporting. TriMet generates a wide range of performance indicators, yet an opportunity remains to explore metrics beyond general transit performance measures (TPMs). On the basis of an analysis of 1 year of archived BDS data for all routes and stops, the power of using visualization tools to understand the abundance of BDS data is demonstrated. In addition, several statistical models are generated to demonstrate the power of statistical analysis in conveying valuable and new TPMs beyond what is currently generated at TriMet or in the transit industry in general. It is envisioned that systematic use of these new methods and TPMs can help TriMet and other transit agencies improve the quality and reliability of their service.
The Effect of Governmentspending on Education, Health and Social Protection Sectors Towards the Human Development Index in Central Kalimantan

Education and health are became the main capitals that must be owned by a nation to improve its potency. In addition to education and health, social protection is a policy that designed by the government in order to finance all kinds of efforts that purposed to assist citizens who have social problems to become capable in fulfilling their basic needs. This study aims to determine the effect of government expenditure eon education, health and social protection sectors towards the Human Development Index, and what sector that most influential to the HDI among those three. The results of this study showed a positive and significant impact in all sectors particularly for the government spending on the education sector as the most influential one. This study uses a quantitative approach, the characteristics of the data and information used by researchers in this study are macro in nature, so the quantitative approach is relevant to this research.
model-model pembelajaran

Peserta didik pada sekolah dasar yang duduk di kelas-kelas awal (kelas l, ll, lll) berada dalam rentangan usia dini. Pada usia anak-anak, seluruh aspek perkembangan kecerdasan anak (IQ, EQ dan SQ) tumbuh dan berkembang sangat luar biasa cepat sehingga usia ini sering disebut usia emas dalam perkembangan anak.Dalam aspek perkembangan kognitif (berdasarkan teori / tahap perkembangan kognitif Piaget), anak usia ini berada pada tahap pra operasi ke tahap operasi konkrit. Piaget, dalam hal ini, menyatakan bahwa setiap anak memiliki cara tersendiri dalam menginterpretasikan dan beradaptasi dengan lingkungannya. Menurutnya, setiap anak memiliki struktur kognitif yang disebut schemata, yaitu system konsep yang ada dalam pikiran sebagai hasil pemahaman terhadap berbagai obyek yang ada dalam lingkungannya. Pemahaman tentang obyek tersebut berlangsung melalui proses asimilasi (menghubungkan obyek dengan konsep yang sudah ada dalam pikiran) dan akomodasi (proses memanfaatkan konsep dalam pikiran untuk menafsirkan obyek).
Supply chain agility: the influence of industry culture on asset capabilities within capital intensive industries

Supply chain agility in capital-intensive industries is argued as strongly linked to the capabilities of the individual processing assets comprising the chain. Therefore the desired asset capabilities conducive to overall agility need to be designed in to plant and equipment. However, in addition to asset design, how the assets are used in the production process is an important factor in determining capabilities. In culturally-conservative industries the penetration of modern operations management (OM) practices is expected to be limited and this will hold back the contribution that assets can make to supply chain agility. First the paper begins by reviewing the need for agility in supply chains and links this to agile plant capabilities. Next the research context and collaboration is described, which focused upon the speciality chemicals industry and involved three UK universities and thirteen industrial partners. Experiences drawn from industrial case studies undertaken in the research initiative are used to illustrate in a practical manner the key asset capability underpinning agility, that of reconfigurability. The paper adopts a novel focus on a process industry to complement the work on agility that is more usually grounded in discrete manufacturing.
Using Contractor Bid Amounts to Estimate the Impact of Night Construction on Cost for Transportation Construction

AbstractMany studies have documented the merits and problems of nighttime work for highway construction. Most of these studies have examined the safety of the construction site for workers or the traveling public. Illumination standards, sign requirements, and crash rate data have been studied to determine whether crash rates increase during nighttime hours, and the reasons for these crashes. Few studies have addressed either the effects on cost or productivity that nighttime construction has on a project. This study used hard bid unit prices to focus on the effect that performing certain construction activities at night has on cost and productivity. Specifically, the study assumes that a contractor’s bid amount reflects expected relative project productivity and answers the question, “What impact, if any, does night work have on construction productivity and therefore bid price? ” This is the first paper to answer both questions as related. Among the results was the fact that for the most part, the owner .
Probability distributions of facilities management costs for whole life cycle costing in acute care NHS hospital buildings

Whole life cycle costing (WLCC) can provide a valuable insight into the economic efficiency of National Health Service (NHS) acute care hospital buildings. The costs of the facilities management function form an integral part of that process. However, the nature of facilities management cost data collated by NHS Estates informs the analyst little about the relationship between the physical characteristics of hospital buildings and the facilities management costs. The data can only be used to benchmark trusts total facilities management spending, but what the NHS now requires is a way of being able to model the facilities management costs for particular buildings. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, using a case study, a methodology for modelling stochastically the facilities management costs in NHS acute care hospital buildings. The data used in this research were obtained from NHS Estates on the facilities management costs of over 450 acute care NHS Trusts in England and Wales. The data were analysed to obtain the parameters of the theoretical distributions that best describe the facilities management costs for a ward block building in a large university acute care teaching hospital. The accuracy of these distributions was then validated using various hypotheses and goodness-of-fit tests. The result of this work provides analysts with a framework whereby the facilities management costs in acute care hospital buildings can be modelled as stochastic assumptions in the modelling of WLCC. The paper also reveals that for acute care hospital buildings with a similar gross floor area to that of the building used in the case study (that is approximately 20% of the entire acute care hospital estate), the underlying distribution of costs is likely to belong to the loglogistic distribution
The relationship between yield and flow time in a production system under inspection

This work studies the relationship between Yield and Flow Time (FT) in a production system monitored by in-line inspection. It originates in the known semiconductors Yield vs. FT trade-off premise, but can be adapted to other industries. We challenge the common premise, and suggest an alternate analytical model to demonstrate this relationship. The model relies on a simplified production system that represents a repetitive segment in a production line. It illustrates that rising inspection rate increases both Yield and FT while exhibiting a trade-off. However with further growing inspection rate the Yield reaches a maximum and then starts to decline, while FT continues to increase. The Yield decline is explained by longer delay of inspection results which trigger the repair of an out-of-control machine. Clearly, lower Yield performance and higher FT are undesired. Our work defines this relationship with the analytical model and validates it with simulation. The model can be embedded in a decision support tool to pre-determine the inspection policy, while simultaneously considering Yield and FT.
AMBIENT VIBRATION OF LONG-SPAN CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE

The investigation of dynamic response for long-span cable-stayed bridges largely depends on a detailed understanding of their dynamic characteristics, such as the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and modal damping ratios. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of a fairly long cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong are studied using finite-element analysis and ambient vibration measurements. A three-dimensional finite-element model is first established for the bridge based on design drawings. The dynamic characteristics are then analyzed from the statically deformed configuration. Ambient vibration measurements are also conducted to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the bridge. Comparison between these two results shows that, for the most part, a total of 31 modes can be correlated with a reasonable agreement. However, the frequency differences of the higher modes can range between 15 and 30%. This implies that, if the measurement is more reliable, a finite-element model updating is necessary in order to achieve better correlation between these two results.
A importância da informação contábil no processo de tomada de decisão nas micro e pequenas empresas

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em avaliar a percepcao dos gestores sobre a importância atribuida as informacoes contabeis e sua utilizacao nos negocios. Para isso fez-se pesquisa de campo na cidade de Teofilo Otoni/MG, tendo como amostra as micro e pequenas empresas ligadas ao comercio varejista. Concluiu-se que a Contabilidade e vista como mera executora das obrigacoes fiscais e trabalhistas, assim os gestores nao percebem a importância da informacao contabil Constatou-se ainda que os gestores, com maior nivel de formacao, compreendem a relevância da Contabilidade, mas nao manteriam o contador caso houvesse uma simplificacao no recolhimento dos tributos.
Building the Brand Identity through Brand Differentiation Based Value of Culture and Locally-global Product Principles (Case on the City of Art)

This research aims to build brand identity through brand differentiation based on the value of culture and locally-global product principles. The research method used in this research is the survey method using a questionnaire distributed to 205 respondents using purposive sampling technique with the criteria of consumers of Tasikmalaya handicraft industry. The analysis tools used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The analysis results showed that the value of culture affects brand differentiation. Brand differentiation affects brand identity, which means that the stronger value of culture will show strong brand differentiation, the stronger the brand differentiation, and the stronger the brand identity. Locally-global product principle affects the brand identity, which means that the better locally-global product principle, the stronger brand identity. While the locally-global product principle does not affect brand differentiation, the stronger locally-global product principle does not form strong brand differentiation. The value of culture has no effect on the brand identity, which means that the stronger value of culture has not built brand identity. One variable in this research is renewable; namely, the Locally-global Product Principle obtained through the relevance of the One Village One Product (OVOP) theory. It can be seen that each proposed indicator is accepted as a construct for locally-global product principle variables.
PREDICTION OF LOCAL SCOUR AROUND BRIDGE PIERS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS 1

This paper describes a method for predicting local scour around bridge piers using an artificial neural network (ANN). Methods for selecting input variables, calibrations of network control parameters, learning process, and verifications are also discussed. The ANN model trained by laboratory data is applied to both laboratory and field measurements. The results illustrate that the ANN model can be used to predict local scour in the laboratories and in the field better than other empirical relationships that are currently in use. A parameter study is also carried out to investigate the importance of each input variable as reflected in data.
Inter-Annual Changes in Vegetation Activities and Their Relationship to Temperature and Precipitation in Central Asia from 1982 to 2003

We analyzed inter-annual trends in annual and seasonal vegetation activities in Central Asia from 1982 to 2003 and their correlation to climate variability using the NOAA/AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset and a gridded climate dataset. The results indicate a significant increase in NDVI with a value of 11.35% over the growing season during the 22-year period. Totalled over the entire vegetated area, about 35% of all pixels exhibited significant upward trend in growing season NDVI. We found that NDVI increase in spring was the main contributor to the general upward trend, the spring NDVI increased in more than 50% of all pixels and showed an average value of 13.58%. Correlation analysis indicated a gradual rise in temperature as the only factor controlling trend in spring NDVI. Significant increase in vegetation activity was also identified for summer season, but its amplitude (9.23%) and comprising area (25.13% of all vegetated pixels) were less than for spring. Downward trends in growing season NDVI occurred in 2.17% of the total vegetated area. The greening trends of spring, growing season and summer NDVI strongly related with the climatic parameters: for each land cover type, we found significant correlation with spring temperature and total precipitation; 75% of all upward trends in growing season NDVI were explained by the combination of these both variables. We found that the NDVI trends and their climatic correlates demonstrate great spatial variability at the scale of individual land cover types and at per-pixel scale and proofed that the land use change caused by the constitutional change in the 1991 has substantial control on the vegetation trends. Increased vegetation growth indicated through the analysis of NOAA AVHRR NDVI time-series suggests an increasing carbon stock in biomass of ecosystems in Central Asia.
Vibration control of a ropeway carrier by passive dynamic vibration absorbers

Swing of a ropeway carrier is easily caused by wind and it is very difficult to reduce. In this paper, several types of dynamic vibration absorbers for a ropeway carrier are analyzed theoretically, and a general theory is formulated. A method of optimum tuning is obtained and the index (equivalent mass ratio) which indicates the effect of the absorber is defined. When the dynamic vibration absorber is located at the center of oscillation, swing is not reduced at all. The center of oscillation is the point that is located at the distance of equivalent length of the pendulum from the center of suspension (fulcrum). The absorber should be located as far as possible from the center of oscillation.
Assessment of Extremum Seeking Control for Wind Farm Energy Production

Aerodynamic interaction among turbines grouped together in wind farms causes a decrease in the total energy extracted from the wind when compared to an equal number of widely dispersed turbines operating under the same wind input conditions as the wind farm. Extremum seeking control (ESC) is one strategy that holds promise for reducing this impact under certain wind input conditions. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of ESC under different turbulence conditions, describing methods for addressing the complexities caused by the turbulent wind input and time-varying delay of the wind between turbines, where these two elements are the most important contributions compared to other wind farm control research. The results show that energy capture can be increased in low turbulence intensity conditions, but perhaps not in high turbulence conditions.