Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cepheids as Distance Indicators

This review attempts to summarize the various ways of determining Cepheid reddenings and luminosities and the zero points of the Cepheid period‐luminosity and period‐luminosity‐color relations. The methods of determining luminosities that are discussed involve Cepheid parallaxes, Cepheid proper motions and radial velocities, Cepheids in clusters and associations, Baade‐Wesselink luminosities of Cepheids, and Cepheids in binary systems. The review also considers the calibration of the Cepheid scale via independent estimates of the distance modulus of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using Mira and RR Lyrae variables, eclipsing binaries, the red giant clump, and the ring around SN 1987A. The LMC results are particularly useful as one test of possible metallicity effects on the Cepheid scale. In addition, the results of other metallicity tests based on the Magellanic Clouds and more distant galaxies are considered. High weight is given in this review to empirical results obtained with the least number of additional assumptions, and results which are based primarily on theory are not considered.
The Mediating Role of Loneliness on the Relationship between Internet Addiction and Burnout Levels: A PLS-SEM approach

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of loneliness between the internet addictions of accountants with their burnout levels. Methodology: Using the survey method, 231 responses were solicited from accountants in Turkiye. A partial least squares structural equation model was constructed in order to test both the reliability and the validity of the measurement, as well as the structural model. Findings: The results indicated that loneliness partially mediated the relationship between internet addiction with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment levels of burnout. Originality/Value: This empirical study investigates the mediating role of loneliness between internet addiction and burnout levels among accountants, using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression analysis approach.
Subjective and Objective Assessment of Pain and Discomfort Due to Lameness in Dairy Cattle

Pain experienced by lame cattle is often masked by their instinctive stoicism, leading to delayed detection and treatment of lameness. This paper investigates the usefulness of posture scoring during locomotion and the evaluation of daily activity levels as indicators of pain and discomfort resulting from lameness in dairy cattle. In this study, 345 lactating cattle were observed over a seven-month winter housing period. The posture of each cow was scored twice weekly using a subjective five-point numerical rating scale. Daily activity levels were measured objectively using pedometers. The effect of lameness on behaviour was addressed. Increased posture scores were associated with the presence of foot lesions (P < 0.001) and with reduced daily activity levels (P < 0.001). In comparison to sound cows, lame cows showed lower daily activity levels (P < 0.001). These results improve understanding of pain-related behaviours in cattle, and such an approach may assist future development of welfare assessment systems.
Influence of Healthy Brand and Diagnosticity of Brand Name on Subjective Ratings of High- and Low-Calorie Food

Brand names on food packaging and the diagnosticity of brand names have notable effects on consumer preferences. However, their effects on healthy food consumption are not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of healthy brands and the diagnosticity of brand names on consumers’ subjective ratings of different calorie foods. In two studies, participants viewed 32 pictures of high- and low-calorie food product packaging from healthy and unhealthy brands and rated their feelings and willingness to pay online. Study 1 used real brand names, and Study 2 used fictional brand names and added press releases to manipulate diagnosticity. The present study demonstrated that participants perceived foods from healthy brands as healthier but less delicious and were more willing to buy low-calorie foods from healthy brands. Moreover, only when the brand name was of high diagnosticity were high-calorie foods rated as more likable, and did the willingness to pay for low-calorie foods increase. Collectively, these findings highlight the influence of the healthy brand on consumers’ subjective ratings of food. It is also inspiring for healthy food marketing.
ON THE ANALYTICITY OF SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

We study partial differential equations and systems all of whose solutions are analytic, and obtain a priori estimates on the analytic continuations of these solutions to the complex plane. Using these estimates, we obtain conditions which are necessary for the analyticity of all solutions of linear differential equations and systems with analytic coefficients. Bibliography: 20 items.
An optimal design technique for coil configurations in iron-shielded MRI magnets

An optimization method to determine coil positions in iron-shielded MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) magnets has been developed. In our method, strengths of the field harmonics of desired orders, instead of the spatial distribution of the central field, are restricted to obtain a highly homogeneous magnetic field. Details of the optimization procedure and calculation results are presented. >
POLARIZATION-INDUCED CHARGE AND ELECTRON MOBILITY IN ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES GROWN BY PLASMA-ASSISTED MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY

The formation of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in unintentionally doped AlxGa1−xN/GaN (x⩽0.31) heterostructures grown by rf plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy is investigated. Low-temperature electrical-transport measurements revealed that the two-dimensional electron gas density strongly depends on both the thickness of the AlGaN layer and alloy composition. The experimental results agree very well with the theoretical estimates of the polarization-induced 2DEG concentrations. Low-temperature electron mobility was found to be much higher in the structures with lower electron sheet densities. Interface roughness scattering or alloy disorder scattering are proposed to be responsible for this trend. A maximum mobility of 51 700 cm2/V s (T=13 K) was obtained in the Al0.09Ga0. 91N/GaN structure with a two-dimensional electron gas density of 2.23×1012 cm−2.
Spectral Law and Polarization Properties of the Low‐Frequency Waves at the Magnetopause

The magnetic fluctuations, at the magnetopause and in the adjacent magnetosheath, exhibit power law spectra which are very reminiscent of turbulent spectra. In prospect of future modelizations of such a turbulence, new information is brought about the experimental properties of these fluctuations. The power laws spectra previously obtained in the ULF range are shown to hold also in VLF, up to the lower hybrid frequency. Concerning the polarization, 1) the direction with respect to the static magnetic field is shown to be dominantly perpendicular at low frequencies, consistently with Shear Alfven modes in this range, and 2) no right‐hand sense of rotation can be evidenced at frequencies higher than the proton gyrofrequency, although one could expect the fast magnetosonic mode to be dominant in this range. The physical implications of this last observation for the non linear effects at work in the turbulence are briefly discussed.
Small Sample Estimation Bias in GARCH Models with Any Number of Exogenous Variables in the Mean Equation

In this article we show how bias approximations for the quasi maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters in Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (GARCH)(p, q) models change when any number of exogenous variables are included in the mean equation. The approximate biases are shown to vary in an additive and proportional way in relation to the number of exogenous variables, and they do not depend on the moments of the regressors under the correct specification of the model. This suggests a rule of thumb in testing for misspecification in GARCH models. We also extend the theoretical bias approximations given in Linton (1997) for the GARCH(1, 1). Because the expressions are not in closed form, we concentrate in detail, and for simplicity of interpretation, on the ARCH(1) model. At each stage, we check our theoretical results by simulation and generally, we find that the approximations are quite accurate for sample sizes of at least 50. We find that the biases are not trivial in some circumstances and we discuss how the bias approximations may be used, in practice, to reduce the bias. We also carry out simulations for the GARCH(1,1) model and show that the biases change as predicted by the approximations when the mean equation is augmented. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of our approach for U.S. monthly inflation rates.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Women of Reproductive Age in an Urban Community Health Centre in Indonesia

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), an emerging public health burden, are increasing due to a lack of understanding about their prevention. To understand the association between STI-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among women of reproductive age in an urban community health centre in Jakarta, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study and consecutive sampling technique were employed on 50 women using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. All data were analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation, χ2, or Fisher’s exact test to test the hypothesis. Encountered women had an average age of 26.80 ± 4.64 years, were married (74%), primiparous (46%), and with a high level of education (88%). The median scores for attitude and knowledge were 76.90 and 79.20, respectively, and there was a moderate correlation between these scores (ρ=0.482, p<0.001). 84% of individuals had good knowledge, and 88% of respondents had a positive attitude. Overall, practice insight was moderate, with the rate of abstinence, using condoms, suggesting condoms, and stigmatising persons with HIV/AIDS being 54%, 32%, 2%, and 36%, respectively. Education level was a significant predictor of knowledge, and women’s attitudes toward STIs were associated with their knowledge (OR 7.80, p=0.044). There was no relationship between socio-demographic profiles and the KAP of STIs. Knowledge and attitude did not contribute significantly towards abstinence, using condoms, suggesting condoms, and HIV/AIDS-related stigmatisation due to the complexity of practice actualisation related to theories of planned behaviour. STI-related knowledge and attitude correlate well, but this study found that neither predicts STI-related practice.
Development and Evaluation of 99mTc Tricarbonyl Complexes Derived from Flutamide with Affinity for Androgen Receptor

With the objective to develop a potential 99mTc radiopharmaceutical for imaging the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer, four ligands bearing the same pharmacophore derived from the AR antagonist flutamide were prepared, labeled with 99mTc, and their structures corroborated via comparison with the corresponding stable rhenium analogs. All complexes were obtained with high radiochemical purity. Three of the complexes were highly stable, and, due to their favorable physicochemical properties, were further evaluated using AR-positive and AR-negative cells in culture. All complexes exhibited considerable uptake in AR-positive cells, which could be blocked by an excess of flutamide. The efflux from the cells was moderate. They also showed significantly lower uptakes in AR-negative cells, indicating interactions with the AR receptor. However, the binding affinities were considerably reduced by the coordination to 99mTc, and the complex that exhibited the best biological behavior did not show sufficient specificity towards AR-positive cells.
A Context-Aware Multi-Event Identification Method for Nonintrusive Load Monitoring

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a method that provides appliance power consumption information, which will help enhance the smart grid applications. This paper proposes an end-to-end NILM method for multi-event identification, which alleviates the challenges of setting hyper-parameters and detecting multiple events in traditional methods. In this paper, convolutional neural networks are used to extract the local features of target event from the aggregated data in the sliding window. Then, the multi-head self-attention mechanism is introduced to extract the correlation between the sequence of events in the window, and the contextual information is fully used to distinguish similar events. Finally, a multi-scale anchor detection framework is introduced to identify multiple events in the window. In addition, this paper also proposes a novel data augmentation method to resolve the problem of insufficient event samples in the dataset to support model training. Comparative experiments were performed on two public datasets (REDD and UKDALE) with a variety of recently proposed methods in this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method. The proposed method here achieved an average $F_{1}$ score of 0.96 for multiple appliances of different power levels, which was 30% higher than that achieved by other compared methods.
Analysis of an infinite phased array of aperture coupled microstrip patches

An analysis of an infinite array of aperture-coupled microstrip patch antennas is described; this type of element is well suited to integrated phased-array applications, offering several advantages over other array configurations. The solution uses the spectral-domain moment-method approach, and combines features of a previous solution of infinite arrays of probe-fed patches and a reciprocity analysis of single-aperture-coupled microstrip element. The theoretical analysis is described and data are presented for the active input impedance of several arrays. Experimental data from a waveguide simulator confirm the theory. >
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF A ROTATING RED GIANT STAR. I. THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF TURBULENT CONVECTION AND ASSOCIATED MEAN FLOWS

With the development of one-dimensional stellar evolution codes including rotation and the increasing number of observational data for stars of various evolutionary stages, it becomes more and more possible to follow the evolution of the rotation profile and angular momentum distribution in stars. In this context, understanding the interplay between rotation and convection in the very extended envelopes of giant stars is very important considering that all low- and intermediate-mass stars become red giants after the central hydrogen burning phase. In this paper, we analyze the interplay between rotation and convection in the envelope of red giant stars using three-dimensional numerical experiments. We make use of the Anelastic Spherical Harmonics code to simulate the inner 50% of the envelope of a low-mass star on the red giant branch. We discuss the organization and dynamics of convection, and put a special emphasis on the distribution of angular momentum in such a rotating extended envelope. To do so, we explore two directions of the parameter space, namely, the bulk rotation rate and the Reynolds number with a series of four simulations. We find that turbulent convection in red giant stars is dynamically rich, and that it is particularly sensitive to the rotation rate of the star. Reynolds stresses and meridional circulation establish various differential rotation profiles (either cylindrical or shellular) depending on the convective Rossby number of the simulations, but they all agree that the radial shear is large. Temperature fluctuations are found to be large and in the slowly rotating cases, a dominant ℓ = 1 temperature dipole influences the convective motions. Both baroclinic effects and turbulent advection are strong in all cases and mostly oppose one another.
Statistics of highly magnified gravitational images in clusters of galaxies. I: Implications for the clusters

The probability of observing images of background galaxies gravitationally lensed by clusters of galaxies, in the form of elongated arcs, is studied as a function of the arc length. A numerical calculation is performed for isothermal lenses with a spherical component and a quadrupole component, and with finite core radius. The number of arcs is calculated for several models of the number counts and angular size of the sources being lensed, and assuming that the detectability of an arc depends only on its observed surface brightness, but taking into account the reduction of the surface brightness produced by seeing
Evaluation of Caralluma edulis for its Potential Against Obesity, Atherosclerosis and Hypertension

Obesity, a chronic metabolic condition, is an increase in fat mass and blood lipid levels mainly causing atherosclerosis and hypertension, which further lead to cardiovascular complications. The objective of the study was to investigate the crude extract of Caralluma edulis (CE.Cr) for its potential against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its related complications. Hyperlipidemia was induced in Wistar albino rats with HFD (1% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid) for 28 days. Treatment groups were administered with different doses of CE.Cr (100, 300 and 500 mg/Kg, p.o.) and the standard group received atorvastatin. At the end of study, sera were analyzed for biochemical markers and the aorta was dissected for microscopic examination. Antioxidant potential was evaluated and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed. The hypotensive potential of CE.Cr was evaluated through an invasive technique. HPLC analysis of CE.Cr showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, apigenin and naringenin. Histological examination of the aorta section showed anti-atherosclerotic effects which were also evident from decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins levels. CE.Cr decreased mean arterial blood pressure and evoked significant hypotensive effects. The crude extract of C. edulis showed anti-obesity, antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic and antioxidant potential.
Musculoskeletal Telemedicine Trends Preceding the COVID-19 Pandemic and Potential Implications of Rapid Telemedicine Expansion

Introduction Telemedicine was rapidly deployed at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Little has been published on telemedicine in musculoskeletal care prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is aimed at characterizing trends in telemedicine for musculoskeletal care preceding the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This retrospective study used insurance claims from the Truven MarketScan database. Musculoskeletal-specific outpatient visits from 2014 to 2018 were identified using the musculoskeletal major diagnostic category ICD-10 codes. Telemedicine visits were categorized using CPT codes and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding Systems. We described annual trends in telemedicine in the overall dataset and by diagnosis grouping. Multivariable logistic regression modeling estimated the association between patient-specific and telemedicine visit variables and telemedicine utilization. Results There were 36,672 musculoskeletal-specific telemedicine visits identified (0.020% of all musculoskeletal visits). Overall, telemedicine utilization increased over the study period (0% in 2014 to 0.05% in 2018). Orthopedic surgeons had fewer telemedicine visits than primary care providers (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.55-0.59). The proportion of unique patients utilizing telemedicine in 2018 was higher in the south (OR 2.28, 95% CI 2.19-2.38) and west (OR 5.58, 95% CI 5.36-5.81) compared to the northeast. Those with increased comorbidities and lower incomes and living in rural areas had lower rates of telemedicine utilization. Conclusions From 2014 to 2018, there was an increase in telemedicine utilization for musculoskeletal visits, in part due to insurance reimbursement and telemedicine regulation. Despite this increase, the rates of telemedicine utilization are still lowest in some of the groups that could derive the most benefit from these services. Establishing this baseline is important for assessing how the roll-out of telemedicine during the pandemic impacted how/which patients and providers are utilizing telemedicine today.
The Level of School Teachers’ Knowledge About First-Aid Management and Control of Epistaxis in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Epistaxis is an acute episode of nasal bleeding commonly caused in children by traumatic injuries in a school setting. It is one of the common ear, nose, and throat emergencies, which should be managed with first-aid measures. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted among school teachers in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia regarding this information. This study thus aimed to assess levels of knowledge about first-aid management and control of epistaxis among school teachers in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study using a validated online questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms. Information was collected regarding sociodemographic characteristics, and eight items assessed participants’ knowledge about epistaxis and its management. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess the factors associated with good levels of knowledge. Results: The study had a total of 1,152 participants, of which 69.7% were female. The mean of knowledge was 3.29 (SD=1.39, range: 0-7). Only 19.4% of participants had a good level of knowledge. In multivariate analysis, females and those who had received information on first aid to stop nose-bleeds were significantly associated with good knowledge levels (adjusted odds ratio {AOR}: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.18-2.51, p=0.005; and AOR: 3.38, 95% CI: 2.47-4.64, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Less than one-quarter of participants had good knowledge levels. Health education sessions for teachers are highly recommended and should specifically target male teachers.
Nonuniform Nonresonance of Semilinear Differential Equations

Abstract Consider the Dirichlet problem of nonlinear differential equations with the principal part the p -Laplacian. When the nonlinearity satisfies some semilinearity conditions, the usual nonuniform nonresonance conditions are obtained by comparing nonlinear equations with the classical eigenvalues. In this article, we will introduce some weighted eigenvalues. The nonuniform nonresonance conditions, proved in this article using weighted eigenvalues, will improve the usual ones significantly.
Boundary behavior and product-form stationary distributions of jump diffusions in the orthant with state-dependent reflections

In this paper we consider reflected diffusions with positive and negative jumps, constrained to lie in the nonnegative orthant of ℝ n . We allow for the drift and diffusion coefficients, as well as for the directions of reflection, to be random fields over time and space. We provide a boundary behavior characterization, generalizing known results in the nonrandom coefficients and constant directions of the reflection case. In particular, the regulator processes are related to semimartingale local times at the boundaries, and they are shown not to charge the times the process expends at the intersection of boundary faces. Using the boundary results, we extend the conditions for product-form distributions in the stationary regime to the case when the drift and diffusion coefficients, as well as the directions of reflection, are random fields over space.