Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploration of online activities that engage New Zealand middle school students : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a degree of Master of Education in E-learning at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand

This exploratory case study explores student engagement in an online, middle school context at a New Zealand distance education school. Considering the three dimensions of student engagement—emotional engagement, behavioural engagement and cognitive engagement—an exploration was undertaken in to what types of activities engage students and whether certain aspects of learning activities engage students in different ways. Qualitative data analysis techniques were employed to analyse data collected through a questionnaire, interviews and asynchronous discussion forum comments from both students and teachers within the online classes. Statistical data from the learning management system (LMS) was also analysed to support the qualitative data collected. The study found that engaging students online is complex, with a variety of different activities required to engage students. Carrying out tasks outside of the LMS was considered to be particularly engaging as it enabled personalisation of learning. The students in the study tended to engage behaviourally with all activities. Cognitive engagement was seen to increase where students were able to be creative in their learning experiences. Emotional engagement could be elicited through the design and facilitation of the activities as well as through the ongoing development of a learning community in which the students feel safe to contribute. This case study looks at how this group of students engaged in online activities and provides suggestions as to what teachers can do to engage students online. It makes suggestions as to what schools and teachers could consider in terms of how to engage students online.
MRF Modeling of Axial Fan for Thermal Simulation of Electronic Equipment

Nowadays, thermal flow simulation based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied to the thermal design of electronic equipment. In this paper, we discuss the applicability of the multiple reference frame (MRF) approach, which is a new method for modeling an axial cooling fan, to the thermal flow simulation of electronic equipment using the CFD code. In this study, as the first step, flow visualization of the exhaust air flow pattern of the experimental axial fan was conducted. Then the flow visualization results were compared with the MRF fan model simulation results. Finally, the P-Q characteristic obtained by MRF fan model simulation was compared with the measured P-Q characteristic to validate the applicability of the MRF approach to the thermal flow simulation of electronic equipment.
THE EFFECT OF DISTILLER"S GRAINS ON THE PREVALENCE AND CONCENTRATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157 IN CATTLE

Escherichia coli O157 is a major foodborne pathogen that causes enteritis in humans ranging in severity from mild to bloody diarrhea to hemolytic uremic syndrome and even death. Cattle are asymptomatic carriers and fecal shedding of the organism is the major source of contamination of food and water for human infections. Distiller‟s grains (DG) are ethanol fermentation co-products that are valuable feed ingredients for use in cattle diets. Previous research suggests an association between feeding DG and an increased fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The objectives of the research were to evaluate fecal E. coli O157:H7 prevalence and concentration in cattle fed diets with and without DG, determine if the association was dependent on inclusion level or form (wet or dried), evaluate the association in populations of cattle at harvest, and evaluate a potential intervention strategy. Our results indicated that cattle fed DG had a higher prevalence and shed a higher concentration of E. coli O157 than cattle fed diets without DG. The relationship was not dependent on the DG form, however, it was affected by the inclusion level of DG in the diet. Cattle that were fed 40% DG had a higher E. coli O157:H7 prevalence than cattle fed control or 20% DG diets and cattle fed 20% DG had a prevalence that was not statistically different from control cattle. The same response was observed in a subpopulation of cattle, termed super-shedders, which shed E. coli O157:H7 at higher concentrations than the general population. At harvest, we did not find differences in E. coli O157:H7 or super-shedder prevalence between cattle fed diets with or without DG, however, study design limitations affected the power of the study. Finally, previous work had shown that cattle fed dry-rolled grains had a decreased prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 when compared to cattle fed steam-flaked grains. We evaluated the effect of feeding DG and dry-rolled corn (DRC), alone or in combination, and observed no difference in E. coli O157 prevalence between cattle fed either DG or DRC diets. In conclusion, DG supplementation increased the prevalence and concentration of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle. THE EFFECT OF DISTILLER‟S GRAINS ON THE PREVALENCE AND CONCENTRATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157 IN CATTLE
Vertically-averaged and moment model for meandering river morphology

We report the first numerical tests of the two-dimensional vertically-averaged and moment (VAM) equations to simulate scour and deposition along alluvial meandering rivers with fixed banks. The VAM hydrodynamic model assumes a linear vertical distribution of the velocity profile and provides estimates of the magnitude and direction of the both near-bed and surface velocity vectors in a quasi three-dimensional (3D) fashion, reproducing at a very basic level some of the 3D effects of the secondary flow in bends. By assuming that the bed shear stress direction along the bed was given by the VAM’s near-bed velocity direction, it was possible to successfully reproduce the scour and deposition observed in a curved experimental flume and a meandering river reach. Although the VAM model is more general and does not require a secondary flow correction, as needed by conventional depth-averaged models, the results were not significantly better for the two cases analyzed.
Corporate Web 2.0 systems adoption in Russian companies: testing the UTAUT validity

The main obstacle of using corporate Web 2.0 systems as management tools is that these systems are usually not a result of the initiative of the employees of all the hierarchical levels existing in the organization, but an “upside‐down” initiative of the senior management. Due to this reason, the activity of employees in using such systems can be less than expected due to psychological factors inclining the employees to resist the senior management’s innovative initiatives. Consequently, a necessity arises to develop instruments allowing achieving the expected level of the employees' activity in accepting and using corporate Web 2.0 systems. To develop such instruments, it is important to figure out factors influencing the employees’ activity in accepting and using the corporate Web 2.0 systems and to develop models allowing predicting the influence of these factors on this employees' activity. One of the most promising models of such kind is the Unified Theory for Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model that is summarizing views on the factors influencing the employees’ activity in accepting and using new technologies developed in a number of various management theories. As for the moment, the UTAUT model is not being actively used in management practice, as currently the model is on the stage of testing its validity. One of the shortcomings of the empirical testing of the model’s validity by its authors is that it is tested on the samples belonging to a single national culture, namely that of the US. Most of the articles testing the validity of the UTAUT model in crosscultural settings are also working with constrained samples: either samples of single organizations from countries other than of the Anglo‐Saxon culture or the samples of similar organizations (e.g., universities) from a number of different countries. In this paper the validity of the UTAUT model is tested on a sample of 108 respondents facing the implementation of corporate Web 2.0 systems in three Russian organizations belonging to different industries. By means of including employees of different organizations into one sample, the influence of industry or organization specificity on the dependencies included in the model is decreased to a certain extent, thus allowing a deeper analyze of the national specificity influences. The Principal Component Analysis results show five statistically significant factors that are logically interpretable within the UTAUT model logic. This proves the validity of the UTAUT model in relation to the sample under scrutiny. A number of conclusions are made in the paper about the specificity of factors influencing the acceptance and use of corporate Web 2.0 systems in the organizations included in the sample. On the basis of this specificity, recommendations are given about development of instruments of stimulating the activity of acceptance and use of these systems in Russian companies. Finally, further directions of research development are suggested in the paper.
Pollen Number and Ribosome Gene Expression Altered in a Genome-Editing Mutant of REDUCED POLLEN NUMBER1 Gene

The number of pollen grains varies within and between species. However, little is known about the molecular basis of this quantitative trait, in contrast with the many studies available on cell differentiation in the stamen. Recently, the first gene responsible for pollen number variation, REDUCED POLLEN NUMBER1 (RDP1), was isolated by genome-wide association studies of Arabidopsis thaliana and exhibited the signature of natural selection. This gene encodes a homolog of yeast Mrt4 (mRNA turnover4), which is an assembly factor of the large ribosomal subunit. However, no further data were available to link ribosome function to pollen development. Here, we characterized the RDP1 gene using the standard A. thaliana accession Col-0. The frameshift mutant, rdp1-3 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 revealed the pleiotropic effect of RDP1 in flowering, thus demonstrating that this gene is required for a broad range of processes other than pollen development. We found that the natural Col-0 allele conferred a reduced pollen number against the Bor-4 allele, as assessed using the quantitative complementation test, which is more sensitive than transgenic experiments. Together with a historical recombination event in Col-0, which was identified by sequence alignment, these results suggest that the coding sequence of RDP1 is the candidate region responsible for the natural phenotypic variation. To elucidate the biological processes in which RDP1 is involved, we conducted a transcriptome analysis. We found that genes responsible for ribosomal large subunit assembly/biogenesis were enriched among the differentially regulated genes, which supported the hypothesis that ribosome biogenesis is disturbed in the rdp1-3 mutant. Among the pollen-development genes, three key genes encoding basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS), bHLH010, and bHLH089), as well as direct downstream genes of AMS, were downregulated in the rdp1-3 mutant. In summary, our results suggest a specialized function of ribosomes in pollen development through RDP1, which harbors natural variants under selection.
Hematological Indices in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and The Effect of Hemodialysis on These Indices

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue that affects people all over the globe. Hematological problems are connected to varying grades of CKD. Objective: To study the relationship between chronic kidney disease and hematological indices, and to study the effect of hemodialysis on these parameters. Subjects and Methods: At Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt. we conducted this cross-sectional study in addition to the Nephrology Unit of El-Sahel teaching hospital from May 2019 to February 2020 on 165 subjects categorized into three groups with each group of 55 subjects. Group I included normal healthy persons. Group II involved chronic kidney disease patients not on hemodialysis (NDD-CKD) while Group III included patients on maintenance hemodialysis (DD-CKD). All participants' histories were gathered, with particular attention paid to demographic data and the co-morbid medical conditions as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Full clinical examination was done including local and systemic examinations. In addition, a complete blood count, urea, and creatinine levels were measured. Results: There is a significant association between CKD and changes in RBCs indices with a significant effect of hemodialysis on these changes. A decrease in the mean platelet count in diseased groups compared with normal ones was revealed. We also found differences between the 3 groups according to WBCs indices with significant changes between the 3 groups in TLC. Conclusion: CKD impacts all hematological parameters and hemodialysis also influence all these parameters.
Repair of double-strand DNA breaks in Escherichia coli

Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) occur during normal cell metabolism and are lethal unless repaired. E. co/i repairs DSBs using a pathway that involves homologous recombination. The mechanisms involved in this process were investigated by manipulating the EcoKI restriction-modification system of E. co/i so that the restriction activity cleaves chromosomes to produce DSBs. The viability of recombination and repair mutants was measured following the induction of DSBs. The results show that RecG and RuvABC facilitate the survival of DSBs. Surprisingly, RuvABC was able to promote survival even when recombination could not be initiated. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was carried out on the genomic DNA of mutants exposed to DSBs. This allowed Holliday junctions (HJs) linking the chromosomes of strains lacking RuvABC to be detected. Most significantly, the PFGE phenotype of a recG mutant mirrored that of the wild-type, suggesting that the RecG protein is not involved in the resolution of His. The outcome of HJ resolution to form crossover or non-crossover products was also investigated in mutants exposed to DSBs by measuring the effect on viability of inactivating the XerCD/dif system that is involved in chromosome dimer resolution. The deleterious effect of xerC mutations on recG and ruvAC mutants was approximately 10-fold greater than on wild-type. These results prompted an interesting discussion as to how the functions of the products of these genes interact in the cell. Finally, the theory that the product of the essential yqgF gene is an alternative HJ resolvase was investigated. yqgF was placed under the control of an inducible promoter and the effect of depleting YqgF levels on survival of DSBs was measured. No evidence to suggest that YqgF can resolve HJs was found. Common Abbreviations amp ampicillin ATP adenosine triphosphate bp base pair cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate CAP cAMP activator protein cm centimetre Cm chioramphenicol cSDR constitutive stable DNA replication DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DSB double-stranded DNA break DSBR double-stranded DNA break repair dsDNA double-stranded DNA g gram HJ Holliday junction iSDR inducible stable DNA replication kbp kilo base pairs litre M molar microgram(s) VI microlitre(s) Pm micrometre(s) ml millilitre(s) mm millimolar 0.13 optical density PCR polymerase chain reaction pH power of hydrogen PFGE pulsed field gel electrophoresis RA restriction alleviation RF replication fork RFR replication fork reversal RDR recombination dependent replication rpm revolutions per minute ssDNA single-stranded DNA UV ultra-violet radiation w/v weight per unit volume
Thermal stability of anthocyanin in mixed raspberry-pomegranate-banana nectar in the presence of ascorbic acid and citric acid

Thermal food processing, which causes the alteration and decomposition of natural pigments, especially anthocyanins, often leads to its lower stability. This study aimed to determine the effect of ascorbic acid and citric acid and the combination of these two chemicals on the thermal stability of the anthocyanin in the raspberry-pomegranate-banana nectar during heating at different temperatures (85°C, 90°C, and 95°C) and also investigated the influence of storage conditions (8°C ± 2°C and 28°C ± 2°C) on the stability of anthocyanin in the product. Anthocyanin degradation during heating as well as storage was followed by a first-order kinetic model with a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.94) and low root-mean-square error (RMSE < 0.015). By combining ascorbic acid and citric acid used in the nectar, anthocyanin showed more stability during pasteurization. It was found that the highest anthocyanin stability during storage was obtained at 8°C ± 2°C and the half-life was 11.76 weeks.
Emojis: can it reduce post-purchase dissonance?

ABSTRACT Online food purchase over mobile apps is growing, and so is the competition between the different apps. Any dissatisfaction from the mobile app causes dissonance and customer attrition. The present study aims to highlight emoji’s impact in lessening dissonance through selective personalized post-purchase communication. The study explores emoji’s contrasting effect measured online between-group experimental designs among 431 participants. The results showed emoji presence in post-purchase communication lessens customers’ anxiety and enhances satisfaction and liking. Further, the results revealed a positive impact of emoji presence on customers repurchase intention and recommendation (eWOM) behavior. The study adds to the literature on the importance of a richer communication medium in an online business, especially in the post-purchase dissonance context.
The bovine milk fat globule membrane – Liquid ordered domain formation and anticholesteremic effects during digestion

ABSTRACT The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has undergone a renaissance in nutritional sciences. Recent understanding of how heterogenous, lateral milk polar lipids assemblies, enriched with sphingomyelin and cholesterol, form a liquid-ordered (Lo) phase, call assumptions about milk fat digestion into question. Clinical studies on the anticholesteremic effect of milk polar lipids, fundamental research on the structure and properties of Lo domains, and hypotheses on the sphingomyelin and cholesterol interactions that lead to the establishment of Lo structures are critically reviewed. Whereas previous reviews delivered overviews on such topics, this review critically considers the interplay of structure, digestion, and composition.
EFFECT OF CONTAINERS ON SEED QUALITY OF STORAGE SOYBEAN SEED

The main goal of the study was the effect of storage containers on the quality of Soybean seed. The experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University. Current investigation demonstrates the moisture content, germination and seed health of soybean seed. The initial moisture content and germination percentages were kept in three types of containers such tin container, poly bag and cloth bag and stored at room temperature and relative humidity for the study period. After initial quality assessment seed were kept in different containers to observe the deterioration pattern. Among the three containers, seeds of cloth bag absorbed more moisture from surrounding atmosphere. The moisture content increased with advanced of storage period but the increasing rate was higher in the seeds of cloth bag. The initial germination percentage of seeds in tin container, polythene bag and cloth bag was 91.32%, 89.15% and 88.40% respectively but after storage it was declined. When seed moisture% is increasing the rate of germination% is decreases and the deterioration rate was also highest in seeds of cloth bag. The shoot and root length of seedling was lowest at the end of storage in cloth and the lowest seedling vigor. In case of dry weight per plant of soybean seed decreases all cases but the rate of deterioration is highest in cloth bag. So, cloth bag is not safe for soybean seed storage for long time than tin container and polythene bag. Because the rate of moisture absorbance was higher in cloth bag than tin container and polythene bag.
ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LEVELS OF ANTIGLIADIN ANTIBODIES (IGG AND IGA) IN PATIENTS WITH ALOPECIA AREATA AND THEIR RELATION TO SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease mediated by T-lymphocytes in which autoantigens play an important part in activating T-cells and is associated with other autoimmune diseases. Hair follicle is an immune-privileged site where major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I and II molecules are not expressed. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that affects people who are genetically predisposed to develop an immune reaction to gluten. The small intestine is the primary site of CD. The clinical presentation, on the other hand, can be distinguished by both intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. Serological tests are initially recommended for the diagnosis of CD. One of the most sensitive and specific tests is anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA. Other serological tests include anti-gliadin IgA and IgG. areata and their 30 healthy individuals as controls. Patients were selected from Dermatology outpatient clinic in AL Zahraa University hospital during the period from November 2020 to April 2021. Results: Out of 30 patients with alopecia areata included in the study the severity of alopecia tool score (SALT) was S5 in 8 patients (26.7%), S4 in 2 (6.7%), S3 in 1 (3.3%) ,S2 in 5 (16.7%) and S1 in 14 patients (46.7%) . Antigliadin IgA was only positive in 8 (26.7%) S5 patients while IgG was positive in all 30 patients with 2 positive cases in control group resembling (6.7%). There was statistically significant difference between control and patients groups regarding IgA and IgG levels, as higher values was found in patients than controls, the median (IQR) of IgA in patients was 9.11 (6.88 – 12.2) while in control group was 1.56 (0.97 – 3.29)with p-value < 0.001. By ROC curve for sensitivity and specificity of IgA and IgG, we found that there were 100% sensitivity and specificity of IgA with cutoff point >4.25 and also for IgG with cutoff point >13. Conclusion: There was a high statistically significant association between antigliadin antibodies (IgA and IgG class), and AA and its severity, with100% sensitivity and specificity of IgA with cutoff point >11.56 and also for IgG with cutoff point >41.8. An active search for CD using serological screening tests has been recommended to diagnose the numerous cases of subclinical CD in AA patients