Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TWO-DIMENSIONAL CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA MODELS WITH MULTI-DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT

We present new two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric neutrino radiation/hydrodynamic models of core-collapse supernova (CCSN) cores. We use the CASTRO code, which incorporates truly multi-dimensional, multi-group, flux-limited diffusion (MGFLD) neutrino transport, including all relevant terms. Our main motivation for carrying out this study is to compare with recent 2D models produced by other groups who have obtained explosions for some progenitor stars and with recent 2D VULCAN results that did not incorporate terms. We follow the evolution of 12, 15, 20, and 25 solar-mass progenitors to approximately 600 ms after bounce and do not obtain an explosion in any of these models. Though the reason for the qualitative disagreement among the groups engaged in CCSN modeling remains unclear, we speculate that the simplifying “ray-by-ray” approach employed by all other groups may be compromising their results. We show that “ray-by-ray” calculations greatly exaggerate the angular and temporal variations of the neutrino fluxes, which we argue are better captured by our multi-dimensional MGFLD approach. On the other hand, our 2D models also make approximations, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions concerning the root of the differences between groups. We discuss some of the diagnostics often employed in the analyses of CCSN simulations and highlight the intimate relationship between the various explosion conditions that have been proposed. Finally, we explore the ingredients that may be missing in current calculations that may be important in reproducing the properties of the average CCSNe, should the delayed neutrino-heating mechanism be the correct mechanism of explosion.
Individual characteristics or cultures? Public risk perception in the coronavirus pandemic

Abstract Public risk perception varies by sub-groups but is key in a robust risk management. This study uses the Grid Group Cultural Theory (GGCT) to test how cultures, compared to subjective knowledge level and demographic factors, influence three measures of public risk perception—perceived risk to individuals themselves, the place they live, and China. This study uses an original survey conducted from February 17 to March 14, 2020 during the outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19). This research found that age and household income correlate positively with perceived risk to individuals themselves, and education and household income correlate positively with perceived risk to the place they live, whereas egalitarian and hierarchical cultural indices correlate positively with the perceived risk to China. Further tests of interactive effect of culture and individual characteristics on risk perceptions found that the effect of hierarchy on risk perceptions depends on household income.
A study of high proper-motion white dwarfs – I. Spectropolarimetry of a cool hydrogen-rich sample†

We conducted a spectropolarimetic survey of 58 high proper-motion white dwarfs which achieved uncertainties of >rsim 2 kG in the Hα line and >rsim 5 kG in the upper Balmer line series. The survey aimed at detecting low magnetic fields (≲ 100 kG) and helped identify the new magnetic white dwarfs NLTT 2219, with a longitudinal field Bl = −97 kG, and NLTT 10480 (Bl = −212 kG). Furthermore, we report the possible identification of a very low-field white dwarf with Bl = −4.6 kG. The observations show that ≈5 per cent of white dwarfs harbour low fields (∼10 to ∼102 kG) and that increased survey sensitivity may help uncover several new magnetic white dwarfs with fields below ∼1 kG. A series of observations of the high-field white dwarf NLTT 12758 revealed changes in polarity occurring within an hour possibly associated with an inclined, fast rotating dipole. Also, the relative strength of the π and σ components in NLTT 12758 possibly revealed the effect of a field concentration (‘spot’), or, most likely, the presence of a non-magnetic white dwarf companion. Similar observations of NLTT 13015 also showed possible polarity variations, but without a clear indication of the time-scale. The survey data also proved useful in constraining the chemical composition, age and kinematics of a sample of cool white dwarfs as well as in constraining the incidence of double degenerates.
Frequency comb generation in quadratic nonlinear media

We experimentally demonstrate and theoretically explain the onset of optical frequency combs in a simple cavity-enhanced second-harmonic-generation system, exploiting second-order nonlinear interactions. Two combs are simultaneously generated around the fundamental pump frequency, with a spectral bandwidth up to about 10 nm, and its second harmonic. We observe different regimes of generation, depending on the phase-matching condition for second-harmonic-generation. Moreover, we develop an elemental model which provides a deep physical insight into the observed dynamics. Despite the different underlying physical mechanism, the proposed model is remarkably similar to the description of third-order effects in microresonators, revealing a potential variety of new effects to be explored and laying the groundwork for a novel class of highly efficient and versatile frequency comb synthesizers based on second-order nonlinear materials.
A solution to the puzzling symbiotic X-ray system 4U 1700+24

A circumstellar corona is proposed to explain a strange quark-cluster star during an accretion phase, which could be essential for understanding the observations of the puzzling symbiotic X-ray system 4U 1700+24. The state of cold matter at supranuclear density is still an important matter of debate, and one of the consequences of a strange star acting as a pulsar is the self-bound phenomenon on the surface, which makes extremely low-mass compact objects unavoidable. In principle, both the redshifted O VIII Ly-α emission line and the change in the blackbody radiation area could naturally be understood if 4U 1700+24 is a low-mass quark-cluster star which exhibits wind accretion.
On the surface density of dark matter haloes

In this article, we test the conclusion of Donato et al. (2009) concerning the universality of the DM halo surface density µ0D = ρ0r0. According to our study, the dispersion of values of µ0D is twice higher than that found by Donato et al. (2009). We conclude, in contrast with Donato et al. (2009), that the DM surface density and its Newtonian acceleration are not constant but correlate with the luminosity, morphological type, (B V )0 colour index, and the content of neutral hydrogen. These DM parameters are higher for more luminous systems of early types with red colour and low gas content. We also found that the correlation of DM parameters with colour index appears to be the manifestation of a stronger relation between DM halo mass and the colour of a galaxy. This finding is in agreement with cosmological simulations (Guo et al, 2011). These results leave little room for the recently claimed universality of DM column density. We also found that isolated galaxies in our sample (contained in the Analysis of the interstellar Medium of Isolated GAlaxies (AMIGA) catalogue) do not differ significantly in their value of µ0D from the entire sample. Thus, since the AMIGA catalogue gives a sample of galaxies that have not interacted with a significant mass neighbour in the past 3 Gyr, the difference between the systems with low and high values of µ0D is not related to the merging events during this period of time.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE HOLMBERG IX X-1 AND ITS STELLAR ENVIRONMENT

Holmberg IX X-1 is an archetypal ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX). Here we study the properties of the optical counterpart and of its stellar environment using optical data from SUBARU/Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph, GEMINI/GMOS-N and Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys, as well as simultaneous Chandra X-ray data. The V ∼ 22.6 spectroscopically identified optical counterpart is part of a loose cluster with an age ≲ 20 Myr. Consequently, the mass upper limit on individual stars in the association is about 20 M☉. The counterpart is more luminous than the other stars of the association, suggesting a non-negligible optical contribution from the accretion disk. An observed UV excess also points to non-stellar light similar to X-ray active low-mass X-ray binaries. A broad He ii λ4686 emission line identified in the optical spectrum of the ULX further suggests optical light from X-ray reprocessing in the accretion disk. Using stellar evolutionary tracks, we have constrained the mass of the counterpart to be ≳ 10 M☉, even if the accretion disk contributes significantly to the optical luminosity. Comparison of the photometric properties of the counterpart with binary models show that the donor may be more massive, ≳ 25 M☉, with the ULX system likely undergoing case AB mass transfer. Finally, the counterpart exhibits photometric variability of 0.14 mag between two HST observations separated by 50 days which could be due to ellipsoidal variations and/or disk reprocessing of variable X-ray emission.
Nonlocal restoration of two-mode squeezing in the presence of strong optical loss

We present the experimental realization of a theoretical effect discovered by Olivares and Paris (2009 Phys. Rev. A 80 032329), in which a pair of entangled optical beams undergoing independent losses can see nonlocal correlations restored by the use of a nonlocal resource correlating the losses. Twin optical beams created in an entangled, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) state by an optical parametric oscillator above threshold were subjected to 50% loss from beamsplitters in their paths. The resulting severe degradation of the amplitude-quadrature correlations between the two beams was then suppressed when another, independent EPR state impinged upon the other input ports of the beamsplitters, effectively entangling the losses inflicted to the initial EPR state. The additional EPR beam pair was classically coherent with the primary one but had no quantum correlations with it. This result may find applications as a ‘quantum tap’ for entanglement.
Hydrogen storage of calcium atoms adsorbed on graphene : First-principles plane wave calculations

Based on first-principles plane wave calculations, we showed that Ca adsorbed on graphene can serve as a high-capacity hydrogen storage medium, which can be recycled by operations at room temperature. Ca is chemisorbed by donating part of its $4s$ charge to the empty ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$ band of graphene. At the end the adsorbed Ca atom becomes positively charged and the semimetallic graphene changes into a metallic state. While each of the adsorbed Ca atoms forming the $(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)$ pattern on the graphene can absorb up to five ${\text{H}}_{2}$ molecules, hydrogen storage capacity can be increased to $8.4\text{ }\text{wt}\text{ }%$ by adsorbing Ca to both sides of graphene and by increasing the coverage to form the $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ pattern. Clustering of Ca atoms is hindered by the repulsive Coulomb interaction between charged Ca atoms.
QUASI-STEADY CONFIGURATIONS OF CONDUCTIVE INTRACLUSTER MEDIA

The radial distributions of temperature, density, and gas entropy among cool-core clusters tend to be quite similar, suggesting that they have entered a quasi-steady state. If that state is regulated by a combination of thermal conduction and feedback from a central active galactic nucleus (AGN), then the characteristics of those radial profiles ought to contain information about the spatial distribution of AGN heat input and the relative importance of thermal conduction. This paper addresses those topics by deriving steady-state solutions for clusters in which radiative cooling, electron thermal conduction, and thermal feedback fueled by accretion are all present, with the aim of interpreting the configurations of cool-core clusters in terms of steady-state models. It finds that the core configurations of many cool-core clusters have entropy levels just below those of conductively balanced solutions in which magnetic fields have suppressed electron thermal conduction to ∼1/3 of the full Spitzer value, suggesting that AGN feedback is triggered when conduction can no longer compensate for radiative cooling. And even when feedback is necessary to heat the central ∼30 kpc, conduction may still be the most important heating mechanism within a cluster's central ∼100 kpc.
Polarized deep inelastic and elastic scattering from gauge/string duality

In this paper, we investigate deep inelastic and elastic scattering on a polarized spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ hadron using gauge/string duality. This spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ hadron corresponds to a supergravity mode of the dilatino. The polarized deep inelastic structure functions are computed in the supergravity approximation at large t' Hooft coupling $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ and finite $x$ with ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}\ensuremath{\ll}xl1$. Furthermore, we discuss the moments of all structure functions, and propose an interesting sum rule ${\ensuremath{\int}}_{0}^{1}dx{g}_{2}(x,{q}^{2})=0$ for the ${g}_{2}$ structure function which is known as the Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule in QCD. In the end, the elastic scattering is studied and elastic form factors of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ hadron are calculated within the same framework.
Begomovirus detection in the whitefly Bemisia spp. on eggplant Solanum melongena L. leaves

Begomovirus infects various species of the Solanaceae family and reduces crop productivity. It is important to note that Bemisia tabaci is a vector that contributes to increasing infection. Therefore, this study aims to identify and modify DNA extraction methods, as well as detect the presence of Begomovirus in whitefly and eggplants ( Solanum melongena L .) plantations. S. melongena leaves showing infection symptoms were collected from eggplant cultivation in Rejodani, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The identification of whitefly collected from the leaves was performed microscopically, DNA extraction was carried out using lysis and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) buffer, while the presence of Begomovirus was detected using polymerase chain reaction. Based on the results, the whitefly is a part of Bemisia genus, the DNA quantification showed that Bemisia spp. has low purity, while S. melongena is slightly purer. However, Begomovirus presence was detected in both sample since the DNA band appeared in ±580 bp. It was concluded that DNA from Begomovirus in the whitefly Bemisia spp. and S. melongena can be extracted using lysis and CTAB buffer, respectively. It was also shown that Begomovirus infects S. melongena similarly to its vector, Bemisia spp. , in Rejodani eggplant plantations.
Towards natural inflation from weakly coupled heterotic string theory

We propose the natural inflation from the heterotic string theory on "Swiss-Cheese" Calabi-Yau manifold with multiple $U(1)$ magnetic fluxes. Such multiple $U(1)$ magnetic fluxes stabilize the same number of the linear combination of the universal axion and K\"ahler axions and one of the K\"ahler axions is identified as the inflaton. This axion decay constant can be determined by the size of one-loop corrections to the gauge kinetic function of the hidden gauge groups, which leads effectively to the trans-Planckian axion decay constant consistent with the WMAP, Planck and/or BICEP2 data. During the inflation, the real parts of the moduli are also stabilized by employing the nature of the "Swiss-Cheese" Calabi-Yau manifold.
Random Walk on Multiple Networks

Random Walk is a basic algorithm to explore the structure of networks, which can be used in many tasks, such as local community detection and network embedding. Existing random walk methods are based on single networks that contain limited information. In contrast, real data often contain entities with different types or/and from different sources, which are comprehensive and can be better modeled by multiple networks. To take the advantage of rich information in multiple networks and make better inferences on entities, in this study, we propose random walk on multiple networks, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {RWM}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">RWM</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="luo-ieq1-3221668.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {RWM}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">RWM</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="luo-ieq2-3221668.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is flexible and supports both multiplex networks and general multiple networks, which may form many-to-many node mappings between networks. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {RWM}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">RWM</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="luo-ieq3-3221668.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> sends a random walker on each network to obtain the local proximity (i.e., node visiting probabilities) w.r. t. the starting nodes. Walkers with similar visiting probabilities reinforce each other. We theoretically analyze the convergence properties of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {RWM}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">RWM</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="luo-ieq4-3221668.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. Two approximation methods with theoretical performance guarantees are proposed for efficient computation. We apply <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {RWM}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">RWM</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="luo-ieq5-3221668.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> in link prediction, network embedding, and local community detection. Comprehensive experiments conducted on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {RWM}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">RWM</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="luo-ieq6-3221668.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>.
Ordering quantum states and channels based on positive Bayesian evidence

In this paper, we introduce a new partial order on quantum states that considers which states can be achieved from others by updating on “agreeing” Bayesian evidence. We prove that this order can also be interpreted in terms of minimising worst case distinguishability between states using the concept of quantum max-divergence. This order solves the problem of which states are optimal approximations to their more pure counterparts, and it shows in an explicit way that a proposed quantum analog of Bayes’ rule leads to a Bayesian update that changes the state as little as possible when updating on positive evidence. We prove some structural properties of the order, specifically that the order preserves convex mixtures and tensor products of states and that it is a domain. The uniqueness of the order given these properties is discussed. Finally we extend this order on states to one on quantum channels using the Jamiolkowski isomorphism. This order turns the spaces of unital/non-unital trace-preserving quantum channels into domains that, unlike the regular order on channels, is not trivial for unital trace-preserving channels.In this paper, we introduce a new partial order on quantum states that considers which states can be achieved from others by updating on “agreeing” Bayesian evidence. We prove that this order can also be interpreted in terms of minimising worst case distinguishability between states using the concept of quantum max-divergence. This order solves the problem of which states are optimal approximations to their more pure counterparts, and it shows in an explicit way that a proposed quantum analog of Bayes’ rule leads to a Bayesian update that changes the state as little as possible when updating on positive evidence. We prove some structural properties of the order, specifically that the order preserves convex mixtures and tensor products of states and that it is a domain. The uniqueness of the order given these properties is discussed. Finally we extend this order on states to one on quantum channels using the Jamiolkowski isomorphism. This order turns the spaces of unital/non-unital trace-preserving quantum.
An investigative screening of heavy metal contamination of Amaranthus spp grown along Ibi river-bank,Taraba State, Nigeria

Agricultural activities around river bank are popular practice in most riverine areas in Nigeria. Vegetables are the commonest agricultural commodity that are grown around the river bank and are averagely the most consumed food product in Nigeria. An investigative screening of metallic contamination of Amaranthus spp grown in three farms around river Ibi bank showed a level of metallic deposition: Cadmium (Cd), (2.25±0.63, 3.28±0.55, 2.51±0.03) ppm; Lead (Pb), (1.83±0.51, 0.54±0.03, 1.06±0.13) ppm; Mercury (Hg), (0.53±0.01, 1.03±0.01, 0.66±0.01) ppm; Arsenic (As), (0.50±0.72, 0.51±0.06, 0.62±0.15) ppm and Chromium (Cr), (4.26±0.51, 2.66±0.22, 1.75±0.38) ppm. Descending order of the mean concentrations of the trace metals detected from analyzed sample of Amaranthus spp from the three locations are as follows; Farm A: Cr>Cd>As>Pb>Hg, Farm B: Cd>Cr>Hg>Pb>As, Farm C: Cd>Cr>Pb>Hg>As. Amaranthus spp cultivated along Ibi river bank has shown a reasonable amount of deposition of heavy metals, therefore, are not totally safe. The metallic content in Amaranthus spp sample collected in farms along Ibi river bank ranges; 0.50±0.72 to 4.26±0.51 in sample A, 0.51±0.06 to 3.28±0.55 in sample B and 0.62±0.15 to 2.51±0.03 in sample C. The metallic deposition detected from analyzed Amaranthus spp showed values that are above the World Health Organization set permissible limit (Pb-0.3ppm; Cd-0.2 ppm; As-0.5ppm; Hg-0.5ppm; Cr-0.5ppm). Bioaccumulation of these metallic substances in the human system as a result of long-term consumption of the vegetables poses a deleterious health effect. This study aimed at ascertaining the food safety of agricultural products cultivated around Ibi river bank.