Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM EVOLUTION. II. GALAXY MODEL AND FEEDBACK

We present a semi-analytical model designed to be included in large-scale cosmological simulations to treat the evolution of galaxies. The goal of this paper is to test our model to make sure that it behaves in a realistic manner. We consider galaxies with current stellar masses between 10 6.54 ? > and 10 11.65 M ⊙ ? > . Our model includes radiative cooling, gas inflow, star formation, chemical enrichment, and stellar and AGN feedback. The evolution of each stellar population that forms in our model is individually followed in time by using stellar models found in the literature. Our stellar feedback prescription is based on the production of galactic outflows, which are powered by the mechanical energy (Energy-driven) and the radiative pressure (Momentum-driven). We implemented the physics of bubbles blown by stars to treat the feedback generated by mechanical energy. By keeping track of the energy gained and lost inside bubbles, we can compute the fraction of the stellar mechanical energy that is used to launch an outflow. Our model predicts that E-driven outflows dominate the evolution of low-mass galaxies with current stellar masses below 10 10 M ⊙ ? > , whereas intermediate-mass galaxies with current stellar masses up to 10 10.7 M ⊙ ? > are dominated by M-driven outflows. AGN feedback dominates the evolution of the most massive galaxies. With these three sources of feedback, we are able to reproduce the current observed stellar-to-dark-halo mass relation, as well as the current average stellar metallicity of galaxies. Outflows are very efficient in expelling metals out of galaxies, especially with E-driven outflows, which is consistent with the observed trend that metals are ejected more efficiently in low-mass galaxies. At the end of our simulations, a significant fraction of the metals produced by stars is located in the halos of galaxies. Metals can escape efficiently into the intergalactic medium for galaxies with current stellar masses below 10 8 M ⊙ ? > and above 10 10.7 M ⊙ ? > . The results presented in this paper are preliminary, since we do not yet consider the full interactions between galaxies and the effect of different types of environment. Nevertheless, since we are able to reproduce characteristics that are consistent with observations, we believe that our model is ready to be implemented in large-scale cosmological simulations to study the interactions between galaxies and their surrounding.
Impaired autophagy activity-induced abnormal differentiation of bone marrow stem cells is related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis osteopenia

Abstract Background: Osteopenia has been well documented in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are a crucial regulator of bone homeostasis. Our previous study revealed a decreased osteogenic ability of BMSCs in AIS-related osteopenia, but the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Methods: A total of 22 AIS patients and 18 age-matched controls were recruited for this study. Anthropometry and bone mass were measured in all participants. Bone marrow blood was collected for BMSC isolation and culture. Osteogenic and adipogenic induction were performed to observe the differences in the differentiation of BMSCs between the AIS-related osteopenia group and the control group. Furthermore, a total RNA was extracted from isolated BMSCs to perform RNA sequencing and subsequent analysis. Results: A lower osteogenic capacity and increased adipogenic capacity of BMSCs in AIS-related osteopenia were revealed. Differences in mRNA expression levels between the AIS-related osteopenia group and the control group were identified, including differences in the expression of LRRC17, DCLK1, PCDH7, TSPAN5, NHSL2, and CPT1B. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed several biological processes involved in the regulation of autophagy and mitophagy. The Western blotting results of autophagy markers in BMSCs suggested impaired autophagic activity in BMSCs in the AIS-related osteopenia group. Conclusion: Our study revealed that BMSCs from AIS-related osteopenia patients have lower autophagic activity, which may be related to the lower osteogenic capacity and higher adipogenic capacity of BMSCs and consequently lead to the lower bone mass in AIS patients.
HiMAP2: Identifying phylogenetically informative genetic markers from diverse genomic resources

Multiplexed amplicon sequencing offers a cost‐effective and rapid solution for phylogenomic studies that include a large number of individuals. Selecting informative genetic markers is a critical initial step in designing such multiplexed amplicon panels, but screening various genomic data and selecting markers that are informative for the question at hand can be laborious. Here, we present a flexible and user‐friendly tool, HiMAP2, for identifying, visualizing and filtering phylogenetically informative loci from diverse genomic and transcriptomic resources. This bioinformatics pipeline includes orthology prediction, exon extraction and filtering of aligned exon sequences according to user‐defined specifications. Additionally, HiMAP2 facilitates exploration of the final filtered exons by incorporating phylogenetic inference of individual exon trees with raxml‐ng as well as the estimation of a species tree using astral. Finally, results of the marker selection can be visualized and refined with an interactive Bokeh application that can be used to generate publication‐quality figures. Source code and user instructions for HiMAP2 are available at https://github.com/popphylotools/HiMAP_v2.
Hepcidin mimetics in polycythemia vera: resolving the irony of iron deficiency and erythrocytosis

Purpose of review Development of hepcidin therapeutics has been a ground-breaking discovery in restoring iron homeostasis in several haematological disorders. The hepcidin mimetic, rusfertide, is in late-stage clinical development for treating polycythemia vera patients with a global phase 3 trial [NCT05210790] currently underway. Rusfertide serves as the first possible noncytoreductive therapeutic option to maintain haematocrit control and avoid phlebotomy in polycythemia vera patients. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the pathobiology of dysregulated iron metabolism in polycythemia vera, provide the rationale for targeting the hepcidin-ferroportin axis and elaborate on the preclinical and clinical trial evidence supporting the role of hepcidin mimetics in polycythemia vera. Recent findings Recently, updated results from two phase 2 clinical trials [NCT04057040 & NCT04767802] of rusfertide (PTG300) demonstrate that the drug is highly effective in eliminating the need for therapeutic phlebotomies, normalizing haematological parameters, repleting iron stores and relieving constitutional symptoms in patients with polycythemia vera. In light of these findings, additional hepcidin mimetic agents are also being evaluated in polycythemia vera patients. Summary Hepcidin agonists essentially serve as a ‘chemical phlebotomy’ and are poised to vastly improve the quality of life for phlebotomy requiring polycythemia vera patients.
In vitro digestion and fermentation of Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) food: The influence of food type and particle size

Chewing is critical for herbivores to obtain nutrients. Measuring digesta particle size as the outcome of chewing can improve our understanding of the relationship between food and digestion. Previous studies of feeds of domestic animals have shown that smaller digesta particle size leads to more efficient digestion. Increased digesta particle size—either due to animal factors (e.g., a senile dentition) or to feed factors (e.g., fracture resistance) could be a sign of an animal experiencing compromised nutritional intake. However, for some primates that are dietary generalists, digesta particle size has been shown to increase when consuming preferred foods, which raises doubts about the role of chewing in digesting such foods. This uncertainty makes it difficult to understand the connection between diet, chewing, and digestion through digesta particle size in dietary generalists. In this study, using five typical food items from the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) diet, we conducted in vitro digestibility and fermentation assays to explore the effects of particle size on enzymatic and microbial digestion. For the fermentation assays, we used feces from captive Japanese macaques as inoculum. Among the five food items, we found that particle size has a stronger influence on the digestibility of seeds and mature leaves compared to young leaves and pulp. The influence of particle size on the fermentation rate was stronger in pulp and seeds compared to that in leaves. The differences in physical structure, texture, digestion barriers, and soluble components may play important roles in such differences. These results support the hypothesis that reducing food particle size is less important for consuming fruits than for consuming leaves. The limited effects of particle size on digesting fruits suggest that the two fruits examined in this study are cost‐effective concerning food processing and chewing.
Effects of Compressibility and Rarefaction on Gaseous Flows in Microchannels

A two-dimensional flow and heat transfer model is used to study gas compressibility and rarefaction in microchannels assuming a slip flow regime. The compressible forms of momentum and energy equations are solved with slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions in a parallel plate channel for both uniform wall temperature and uniform wall heat flux boundary conditions. The numerical methodology is based on the control volume finite difference scheme. To verify the model, the mass flow rate was compared with the experimental results of helium through a microchannel. Also, the normalized friction coefficient was compared with the experiments for nitrogen and helium flow in a microchannel. Finally, the axial pressure distribution was compared with the experimental results for nitrogen flow in a microchannel. The computations were performed for a wide range of knin, Re, dimensionless distance from the entrance, and for the wall parameters q∗ and T∗, to study the effects of rarefaction and compressi.
Conformity and tradition are more important than environmental values in constraining resource overharvest

We present the results of a hybrid research design that borrows from both experimental techniques—experimental games—and observational techniques—surveys—to examine the relationships between basic human values and exposure to natural ecosystems, on the one hand, and collective action for resource governance, on the other. We initially hypothesize that more frequent exposure to forests, and more pro-environmental values will be associated with more conservation action. However, we find that other values—tradition and conformity—are more important than pro-environmental values or exposure to nature. Our results imply that resource governance is likely to be more successful where resource users hold values that facilitate cooperation, not necessarily strong pro-environmental values.
Athlete External Loads Across a Collegiate Men's Lacrosse Season

Abstract Fields, JB, Jones, MT, Feit, MK, and Jagim, AR. Athlete external loads across a collegiate men’s lacrosse season. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): e455–e461, 2023—Tracking and quantifying athlete workload may provide insight into best practice periodization strategies and workload management. Limited information exists detailing the external demands associated with collegiate men's lacrosse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate and compare practice, game, and positional differences across a lacrosse season. Male collegiate lacrosse athletes (n = 17; body mass: 79.9 kg ± 9.7 kg; body fat %: 14.7 ± 3.8%) wore a global positional system device during practices (n = 66) and games (n = 19). External load metrics were total distance (TD), sprint distance (SD), accelerations (>3 m·s−2), sprint efforts, player load (PL), PL/min, and top speed. Multiple analysis of variances assessed differences in external loads across session (practice versus game) and sport position (attackers, midfielders, and defenders). A 3 × 4 analysis of variance was used to determine a position-by-time (first quarter [Q1], second quarter [Q2], third quarter [Q3], and fourth quarter [Q4]) interaction (p < 0.05). Total distance (p < 0.001, η2: 0.047), SD (p < 0.001, η2: 0.093), sprint efforts (p < 0.001, η2: 0.077), PL (p < 0.001, η2: 0.022), and top speeds (p < 0.001, η2: 0.086) were all higher in games compared with practices. Attackers and defenders covered more TD (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.0257), accelerations (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.126), PL (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.233), and PL/min (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.193) than midfielders. Attackers and midfielders covered more SD (p = 0.002 η2 = 0.043), sprint efforts (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.053), and achieved higher top speed (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.0063) than defenders. Volume and intensity metrics declined by Q4 in attackers and defenders (p < 0.05), whereas external load measures did not differ across quarters for midfielders. Monitoring in-game external loads can assist coaches with individualizing training programs and preparing athletes for game demands.
To Evaluate the Efficacy of Diagnostic Periocular Punch Biopsy: Using a 4-mm Dermatology Punch

Purpose: The dermatological punch biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure that provides conclusive diagnosis when managing periocular lesions. It aids with establishing histological diagnosis and subtype thereby facilitating management planning and eliminates the risk of unnecessary tissue sacrifice. The present literature provides limited evidence evaluating the value of punch biopsy in diagnosing periocular lesions. Methods: A retrospective case note analysis of 400 consecutive 4-mm periocular punch biopsies performed between 2005 and 2016, from 353 patients was undertaken at a single institution. Three hundred fifty-nine lesions had an initial definite clinical diagnosis of malignancy (group A) and the remaining 41 lesions had an uncertain clinical diagnosis with enough suspicion to merit a biopsy (group B). Results: In group A, 75.5% (n = 271) of the biopsies verified the clinical diagnosis of malignancy and 24.5% (n = 88) were benign. In group B, 70.7% (n = 29) of the lesions were benign and 29.3% (n = 12) were malignant and were subsequently treated as group A. Only 4, group A biopsies, which underwent formal excision, did not initially diagnose a malignancy (punch biopsy was repeated) providing a sensitivity of 98.6% and a specificity of 100%. One hundred seventeen were found to be benign avoiding unnecessary tissue sacrifice in 29.25% of cases. Conclusion: Our study provides the largest sample size in the literature that evaluates a 4-mm diagnostic periocular punch biopsy in managing eyelid lesions. In 29.5% of punch biopsies, unnecessary tissue sacrifice was avoided as they were histologically benign. The authors found that punch biopsies for lesions <7 mm carry a risk of inadvertent excision of lesion. The 4-mm punch biopsy is a minimally invasive standardized approach to diagnosing suspicious periocular eyelid lesions averting unnecessary tissue sacrifice. The authors evaluated a very large cohort of diagnostic periocular punch biopsies.
Correlators of Velocity Differences and Energy Dissipation at Very High Reynolds Numbers

The first measurements of the correlators K1 (r) = [Δur2 (x) - Δur2 (x)] [e(x) - - e(x)] and K2 (r) = Δur2 (x) e(x) for separations r within the inertial range are executed in the return channel of the large wind tunnel at Rλ ≈ 3.2 103 and in the atmospheric surface layer at Rλ ≈ (6.9-12.7) 103. (Here u denotes velocity component in the direction x of the mean flow, Δur (x) = u(x) - u(x + r), and e(x) is the energy dissipation rate. ) It is demonstrated that the power laws Ki (r) ∝ rβi, i = 1.2, with the exponents β1 ≈ 0.37 ± 0.07 and β2 ≈ 0.52 ± 0.04 reasonably approximate both correlators within the inertial range.
Decision making in the oesophageal cancer trajectory a source of tension and edginess to patients and relatives: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Purpose The curative oesophageal cancer continuum—diagnosis, treatment and survivorship represents different phases with its own challenges for the involved parties. The process of treatment decisions and interactions between patients with oesophageal cancer (EC), relatives and health professionals is vital yet not well described. The purpose of the study was to explore patients’ and relatives’ experiences with the process of decision-making through the EC illness and treatment trajectory. Methods Longitudinal explorative design was employed based on ethnographic fieldwork in the form of participant observations inspired by the American anthropologist James Spradley. Results Sixteen patients and 18 relatives were recruited for participant observations. In total, 184 hours of participant observations were conducted. The study showed that decision-making was filled with tension and edginess. Four themes were identified: 1) The encounter with the medical authority, 2) The need to see the big picture in the treatment trajectory, 3) A predetermined treatment decision, and 4) Meeting numerous different health professionals. Conclusion The EC trajectory and decision-making were filled with anxiety. Patients and relatives lacked an overview of the treatment pathway, leading to their role in decision-making often being governed by the medical authority. Timing information and continuity are vital factors in decision-making.
BIAS‐DEPENDENT STRUCTURE IN EXCESS NOISE IN GaAs SCHOTTKY TUNNEL JUNCTIONS

Large‐amplitude excess noise has been observed in the tunneling current of degenerate p‐type GaAs–Au Schottky junctions. At 4.2 K the noise voltage exhibits well‐defined peaks as a function of bias voltage. The background noise exhibits a 1/f‐type spectral response, but the spectral response of some of the peaks indicates that tunneling via surface states with a single average lifetime occurs. Peaks in the noise voltage correspond in bias voltage position with structure in d2I/dV2.
Advances in phosphoproteomics and its application to COPD

ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the third leading cause of global death in 2019, causing a huge economic burden to society. Therefore, it is urgent to identify specific phenotypes of COPD patients through early detection, and to promptly treat exacerbations. The field of phosphoproteomics has been a massive advancement, compelled by the developments in mass spectrometry, enrichment strategies, algorithms, and tools. Modern mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics allows understanding of disease pathobiology, biomarker discovery, and predicting new therapeutic modalities. Areas covered In this article, we present an overview of phosphoproteomic research and strategies for enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides, identification of phosphorylation sites, chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry detection strategies, and the potential application of phosphorylated proteomic analysis in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COPD disease. Expert opinion The role of phosphoproteomics in COPD is critical for understanding disease pathobiology, identifying potential biomarkers, and predicting new therapeutic approaches. However, the complexity of COPD requires the more comprehensive understanding that can be achieved through integrated multi-omics studies. Phosphoproteomics, as a part of these multi-omics approaches, can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of COPD.
Interprofessional Simulation Learning Game Increases Socialization and Teamwork Among Students of Health Professions Programs

Background: Interprofessional (IP) socialization is important to develop early in the training of health professions students. Purpose: This study compared changes in health professions students' IP socialization and readiness to function in IP teams and sought to understand students' participation experiences using a simulation learning game (Friday Night at the ER [FNER]). Methods: The single-center study targeted students in 13 health professions programs using a mixed-methods design. Student teams engaged in open discussion, played the game, and participated in team debriefing. Results: IP socialization increased from fairly great to great extent among all students. Qualitative analyses revealed 3 overarching themes supporting the development of IP communication and systems-based thinking. Program evaluation data revealed that students highly valued this experience as being effective and important to their professional development. Conclusions: An IP experience consisting of FNER gameplay and structured debriefing can improve IP socialization and lay the foundation for the development of IP skills among early health professions students.
Suppression of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder by internal acoustic excitation

Abstract This paper reports on an experiment on the suppression of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder by internal acoustic excitation. The experiment was performed in a wind tunnel, the Reynolds numbers were in a range from 4000 to 8000, and the pure-tone sound at the natural vortex-shedding frequencies was introduced into the flow through a thin slit on the cylinder surface. It was found that vortex shedding can be suppressed by the excitation at appropriate sound levels; for a given flow condition there is an optimal sound level for the maximum suppression of the vortex shedding. This optimal excitation level is generally very weak (
Factors associated with reduced function and quality of life among adult people with HIV with depression and substance use in the Asia-Pacific region

Background: Depression and substance use (SU) disorders are prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and impact health outcomes despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). We explored quality of life, functional ability and associated factors among PWH screened positive for depression and/or SU. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited adult PWH during routine follow-up at five HIV clinical sites in the Asia-Pacific region. Participants were screened for depression using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and SU using Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Quality of life (QoL) was assessed with WHOQOL-HIV BREF and functional ability with World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). Factors associated with mean QoL and disability scores were analysed using linear regression. Results: Of 864 PWH enrolled, 753 screened positive for depression or SU. The median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 38 (31–47) years and 97% were on ART. Overall mean WHOQOL-HIV BREF and WHODAS scores indicated greater impairment with increasing depressive symptom severity and SU risk. In multivariate analysis, PWH reporting previous trauma/stress (difference = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–3.9, P < 0.001) and past mental health diagnosis (difference = 5.0, 95% CI 2.9–7.1, P < 0.001) were associated with greater disability and poorer QoL scores across multiple domains (P < 0.01 for all). Higher CD4 T-cell counts was also associated with better QoL scores and functional ability. Conclusion: PWH with depression/SU experienced poorer QoL and function despite routine engagement in HIV care. Efforts to integrate mental health services and interventions addressing disability into HIV management should be prioritized in the region.