Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of sowing date and nitrogen on yield and yield components of medicinal flax

In order to investigate the effect of sowing date and different nitrogen (N) levels on yield and yield components medicinal flax, an experiment performed in split plot in form of Randomized Complete Block Design, with 4 replications and during farming year of 2005-2006 and of 2006-2007 in Yasooj Agriculture Research Station. 5 sowing date included 4,6,8,10,12 on the basis of depth temperature of 5cm in main plots and 4 fertilizer levels in sub-plots included sample (no fertilizer) 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha pure N from urea source that 50% was used at the time of sowing and 50% in the way of top-dressing. The results of complex 2-year analysis of data indicate that with delayed sowing plant height, none of branch, none of fruits, grain yield, 1000-seed weight, leaf area index, dry mater, crop growth rate and were reduced significantly. The use of 100kg/ha pure N significantly increased plant height, none of branch, none of fruits, grain yield, leaf area index, dry mater, crop growth. First sowing date with 1801.12 kg/ha had the most yields and fifth sowing date with 760.48 had the least product. The most and the least yield rates of seed in 100kg/ha pure N and sample were 1895.22 and 1351.87 respectively.
Frequency of exoY, exoS, exoT and exoU genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from patients in Tehran hospitals by Multiplex PCR

IJMM 2017; 11(1): 09-17 Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative pathogen that causes a variety of serious infections predominantly in immunocompromised patients. To promote severe illness, P. aeruginosa uses a type III secretion system to inject toxic effector proteins into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Four effector proteins have been described in P. aeruginosa: ExoU, ExoS, ExoT, and ExoY. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of the type III secretion system toxins-encoding genes among P. aeruginosa isolates collected from different clinical specimens such as urine, wound, blood and respiratory secretions from patients.
Late Caledonian (Acadian) transpression in north-west England: timing, geometry and geotectonic significance

SUMMARY The late Caledonian structure of the Lower Palaeozoic slate belts which lie to the south of the Iapetus suture in Britain is not ‘Caledonoid’ (NE-SW) but characterised by arcuate trends. The significance of the major cleavage arc of northern England is the subject of this paper. Its exposed part, in the Lake District and adjacent inliers, is described and its regional extent inferred from the control exerted by Caledonian basement trends on early Carboniferous sedimentation patterns. The arc is shown to be a major feature of the orogen, marking a change from a NE-SW ‘Appalachian’ trend to the ESE-WNW ‘Tornquist’ trend of northern Germany and Poland. Evidence for the age of deformation in the British slate belts is reviewed. It is shown that the deformation was not ‘end-Silurian’ as previously supposed, but of early Devonian age, climaxing in the Emsian and approximately synchronous with the Acadian orogeny of Canada. The systematic variation in cleavage/fold transection angles around the arc is described and interpreted in terms of transpressive strains associated with the northward movement of a basement block, the Midlands Massif, which acted as a rigid indenter during accretion of the southern British terrane (Eastern Avalonia) onto the Laurentian margin. These new data on the timing and geometry of the Acadian accretion event in Britain go some way to resolving the current controversy concerning late Ordovician vs. Devonian closure of Iapetus.
A novel mutation in the transmembrane 6 domain of GABBR2 leads to a Rett‐like phenotype

We read with great interest the recent article published by Yooet al1reporting 4 additional Rett-like (RTT) patients with therecurring A567TGABBR2mutation.2More interestingly, theyshowed, with in vitro and in vivo functional studies, that theseverity of the phenotype caused byGABBR2mutations wasdirectly linked to their impact onc-aminobutyric acid (GABA)signaling activity, this latter being more reduced with the 2 mis-sense mutations, S695I and I705N, associated with epilepticencephalopathy (EE). 1,3They hypothesized that the position ofvariants in different transmembrane (TM) domains ofGABBR2,TM6 for S695I and I705N, and TM3 for A567T, could deter-mine the phenotypic expression. This hypothesis was recentlyreinforced with the report of a novelGABBR2mutation also inTM6 and associated with infantile epileptic spasms.
A dynamic model for the Permian Panhandle and Hugoton fields, western Anadarko basin

Panhandle-Hugoton, the largest North American gas field, has long been controversial because of extreme subnormal pressures, variable gas composition, and tilted fluid contacts, commonly attributed to hydrodynamic flow despite the absence of an effective updip aquifer. These anomalies are addressed in terms of a basin-scale petroleum system history, largely independent of the geographically underlying pre-Permian system.Hydrocarbons were already being generated in the deep Anadarko basin during the Early Permian, with efficient southward migration from all potential source rocks via bounding faults and Pennsylvanian–Permian alluvial fans. Giant Amarillo uplift drape structures trapped hydrocarbons immediately following Permian evaporite deposition. The pre-Laramide Panhandle field, at maximum burial depth and pressure, contained most of the oil and gas now found in mid-continent Permian reservoirs.The early Tertiary Laramide orogeny redistributed Panhandle field fluid columns, possibly spilling gas into the Hugoton embayment. Subsequent erosion of Permian reservoir facies in eastern Kansas allowed water discharge to outcrops at elevations below the regional hydraulic head. As regional pressure dropped in response, the Panhandle field gas cap expanded rapidly, forcing a late Tertiary–Quaternary mass movement of gas northward to fill Hugoton and associated fields.Panhandle-Hugoton pressures, upon discovery, were subnormal relative to drilling depth but normal relative to reservoir outcrop elevations in eastern Kansas, indicating that pressures are controlled by aquifer communication with the surface instead of burial depth. Variations in fluid contacts, pressure, and gas composition suggest that reservoir fluids are still moving, driven by decompression and the rapid volumetric expansion of a supergiant gas accumulation.
Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Transport Due to the 1783-84 Laki Eruption in Iceland, Interpreted from Ash Particles and Acidity in the GISP2 Ice Core

Abstract Glass shards from the A.D. 1783 Laki fissure eruption in Iceland have been identified in the GISP2 ice core from Summit, Greenland, at a level just preceding the major acidity/sulfate peak. Detailed reconstruction of ice stratigraphy, coupled with analyses of solid particles from filtered samples, indicate that a small amount of Laki ash was carried via atmospheric transport to Greenland in the summer of 1783, whereas the main aerosol precipitation occurred in the summer and early fall of 1784. Sulfate concentrations in the ice increase slightly during late summer and fall of 1783 and remain steady throughout the winter due to slow oxidation rates during this season in the Arctic. The sulfate concentration rises dramatically in the spring and summer of 1784, producing a massive sulfate peak, previously believed to have accumulated during the summer of 1783 and commonly used as the marker horizon in Greenland ice core studies. The chronology of ash and acid fallout at the GISP2 site suggests that a significant portion of the Laid eruption plume penetrated the tropopause and that aerosol generated from it remained aloft for at least 1 yr after the eruption. Based on comparisons with other glaciochemical seasonal indicators, abnormally cool conditions prevailed at Summit during the summer of 1784. This further supports the claim that a significant volume of sulfate aerosol remained in the Arctic middle atmosphere well after the eruption had ceased.
Hierarchical, Hybrid Control of Large Scale Systems

This dissertation presents a hierarchical, hybrid point of view to the control of large-scale systems. The analysis is based on a new hybrid dynamical system formulation that allows for the modelling of large scale systems in a modular fashion. Three problems are addressed: controller design, closed loop performance verification and the extension of system autonomy. A control scheme based on semi-autonomous agent operation is first proposed. An algorithm, using ideas from game theory, is presented to produce continuous controllers for hierarchical, hybrid designs. A discussion of design issues involving controller autonomy is presented. The emphasis is on hybrid effects. The hierarchical and hybrid issues involved in the design of a fault tolerant control scheme are investigated. The study concludes with a case study on the application of the proposed techniques to the control of an automated highway system (AHS).
John Playfair on Schiehallion, 1801–1811

Abstract John Playfair first visited the Scottish mountain, Schiehallion, during Nevil Maskelyne's 1774 plumbline deflection experiment, which was conducted to measure the density of the Earth. The mathematician Charles Hutton analysed the survey data from the experiment, reporting the mean Earth specific gravity as 4.5 in 1778. Playfair undertook a lithological mapping exercise in 1801, to improve the accuracy of Hutton's estimate, and reported a range of 4.56–4.87 in 1811. The computation of the gravitational effect of topography with variable subsurface density effectively made him the creator of the first geophysical model. As such, not only was Playfair's Schiehallion contribution pioneering in itself, but it was representative of his more significant works in both mathematics and geology, in that he built on existing benchmark work with novel and valuable additions of his own. Although Playfair's map of the extent of the Schiehallion quartzite was quite accurate, the Society's fourth President, John MacCulloch, having visited Schiehallion, was dismissive of Playfair's representation of the subsurface density variation. MacCulloch spent several years searching Scotland for a more favourable site for a plumbline experiment, travels that allowed him to compile the data for his 1836 geological map of Scotland.
Journal Pre-proof Breakthrough Infections, Hospital Admissions, and Mortality after Major COVID-19 Vaccination Profiles: A Prospective Cohort Study

Several COVID-19 vaccination rollout strategies are implemented. Real-world data from the large- 39 scale, government-mandated Central Vaccination Center (CVC), Thailand, could be used for 40 comparing the breakthrough infection, across all available COVID-19 vaccination profiles. This prospective cohort study combined the vaccine profiles from the CVC registry with three 43 nationally validated outcome datasets to assess the breakthrough COVID-19 infection, 44 hospitalization, and death among Thais individuals who received at least one dose of the COVID- 45 19 vaccine. The outcomes were analyzed by comparing vaccine profiles to investigate the shot 46 effect and homologous effect. an 18% risk reduction of breakthrough infection (adjusted ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval a 25% risk reduction of hospitalization (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.73–0.76), and a 96% risk reduction of mortality 0.04, 95% CI 0.03–0.06). The heterologous two-shot vaccine profiles had a higher protective effect 54 against infection, hospitalization, and mortality compared to the homologous counterparts.
Transitions to Adulthood in Urban Kenya: a Focus on Adolescent Migrants Transitions to Adulthood in Urban Kenya: a Focus on Adolescent Migrants

This open-access work is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 2.0 Germany, which permits use, reproduction & distribution in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) and source are given credit. Abstract BACKGROUND Migration is often intrinsically tied to key adolescent transitions in sub-Saharan Africa. However, while many adolescents move in order to improve their life trajectories, migration may also coincide with new challenges and considerable disruption of family support. OBJECTIVE This paper seeks to better understand how migration and associated changes in family support are related to youth's prospects of finishing secondary school, finding employment, getting married, and initiating child-bearing. METHODS Drawing on detailed life history data from over 600 young men and women in Kisumu, Kenya, we use piecewise exponential survival analysis to examine how migration is related to key transitions to adulthood and how variation in family support moderates these relationships. All analyses are run separately for young men and women. RESULTS Migration is associated with a sharp decline in parental support and a corresponding rise in reliance on other relatives, partners, or one's self. For both men and women, migration also frequently coincides with a permanent exodus from school, which cannot be fully explained by changes in family support or transitions into marriage or work. We find strong evidence that young men move to Kisumu to obtain their first jobs and little evidence of subsequent discrimination against male migrants in the labor market. For young women, not only does migration coincide with marriage, but young female migrants also get married and become pregnant at younger ages after they have moved. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent migrants experience significantly lower levels of parental support, are more likely to drop out of school, and make earlier transitions to adult roles, potentially increasing their long-term economic and social vulnerability.
The Iron Age archaeology of the upper Thames and north Oxfordshire region, with especial reference to the eastern Cotswolds

This thesis considers the development of settlement landscapes in the Iron Age across two adjacent regions, the upland eastern Cotswolds and lowland upper Thames valley. Previous studies have focused on the differences in settlement form, economic practice and social development and therefore the possible dichotomy of heartland and hinterland landscapes. It is clear, however, that this is due to an imbalance of research brought about as a result of the natural landscape, interests of antiquarians and archaeologists and modern settlement focus and development. A new dataset of cropmark and geophysical survey material is presented as a way of redressing the imbalance. The focus within this study on banjo enclosures also provides an opportunity to analyse what remains a relatively enigmatic and understudied site-type that appeared during the Middle and Late Iron Age. The results illustrated and discussed here provide the chance to outline new narratives that take into account both practical and non-functional interpretations. From this, more is elucidated regarding these sites within the context of Middle and Late Iron Age settlement landscape developments. By integrating this new dataset within the wider context of the upper Thames and immediate environs a number of further and more general questions have been raised. These focus on the chronology of settlement development, the appearance and growth of exchange networks and the changing significance of open and enclosed settlements throughout the period. Differences have been used in the past to symbolise alternative social systems apparent across two settlement landscapes. However, as a result of the evidence presented here these perceptions are no longer viable as an interpretive framework. Instead, aspects of chronological development, settlement space and sphere of influence and interaction are discussed in relation to the evidence from Midlands and central southern Britain.
A Case Study of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet Using Wind Profiler Network Data and a High-Resolution Mesoscale Model

Abstract A detailed case study of one complete episode of a typical summertime Great Plains low-level jet (LLJ) using data collected by the NOAA wind profiler demonstration network is presented. The high temporal and spatial resolution of the data from the profiler network permits a much more detailed picture of the Great Plains LLJ than is possible from previous studies of this phenomenon. A three-dimensional mesoscale numerical model is also used to simulate the episode and to provide information on the physical mechanisms responsible for the initiation, evolution, maintenance, and decay of the LLJ. The position and width of the jet core, as well as the diurnal variation of wind speed and direction inside the jet core are well predicted by the model. The analysis and modeling suggest that the diurnal oscillation of horizontal pressure gradient over sloping terrain is secondary to the inertial oscillation mechanism resulting from the release of frictional constraint in the evening and throughout the nigh.
Age- and alpha-Synuclein-Dependent Degeneration and Neurons in the Annual Killifish Nothobranchius

The African turquoise killifish is a powerful vertebrate system to study complex phenotypes at scale, 13 including aging and age-related disease. Here we develop a rapid and precise CRISPR/Cas9-mediated 14 knock-in approach in the killifish. We show its efficient application to precisely insert fluorescent reporters 15 of different sizes at various genomic loci, to drive cell-type- and tissue-specific expression. This knock-in 16 method should allow the establishment of humanized disease models and the development of cell-type- 17 specific molecular probes for studying complex vertebrate biology.
The Petaca (late Oligocene-middle Miocene) and Yecua (late Miocene) formations of the Subandean-Chaco basin, Bolivia, and their tectonic significance

Las formaciones Petaca (Oligoceno terminal-Mioceno medio) y Yecua (Mioceno terminal) de la cuenca subandina-chaquena, Bolivia, y su significado tectonico. Las formaciones Petaca y Yecua son las dos primera s unidades del relleno de antepais de la faja subandina centro y sur de Bolivia. Su datacion bioestratigrafica evidencia una aceleracion notable de la subsidencia tectonica alrededor de ≈10 Ma, la cual coincide con la ingresion de aguas marinas restringidas someras desde la region del Rio de la Plata, a lo largo del borde oriental de los Andes bolivianos y del Norte argentino. La Formation Yecua se deposito en el curso del intervalo 10-8 Ma.
PIPE FLOW IMPACTS ON EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION

Rills and ephemeral gullies are major sources of sediment yet, their development is not well understood. Lateral flow through soil pipes over water-restricting horizons has been postulated to facilitate the development and head cut migration of ephemeral gullies. The objective was to determine the effect of subsurface pipe flow above a water-restricting horizon on ephemeral gully formation during rainfall events and specifically to quantify the effects of hydraulic head on ephemeral gully erosion. A rainfall simulator applied rainfall at 65 mm/h to a 1.5 m long by 1 m wide soil bed of 5% slope. Rainfall was applied for 1 hour on dry antecedent soil conditions, followed 30 minutes later by a 30 minute rainfall on wet soil, then 30 minutes later a final 30 minute rainfall on very wet soil. The soil profile consisted of 30 cm of Providence silt loam packed to a bulk density of 1.35 g cm -3 over a 5 cm thick water restricting layer packed to 1.57 g cm -3 . Pipe flow was simulated using a 2 cm diameter porous pipe that extended 50 cm into the soil bed from the upper end. Pipe flow was controlled under a constant head of 0 (no pipe flow) and 30 cm. Tensiometers with pressure transducers were inserted into the soil bed at 12 positions to monitor soil water pressure dynamics during flow events. Rainfall and pipe flow individually did not result in mass wasting, however, their combination did produce pop-out failures. The total soil losses by sheet erosion were 2-3 times higher with rainfall and pipe flow combined than by rainfall alone. The total soil loss by ephemeral gully erosion was 5 times higher than sheet erosion as a result of pipe flow combined with rainfall.
Survey of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in Nevada and California hot springs and selected thermophiles

• iGDGTs in hot spring sediments Relationship between iGDGTs and pH o Con rms negative relationship between lipid GDGT-4 and pH o Negative relationship between crenarchaeol and pH contrasts with previous studies (Pearson et al. 2008) Relationship between iGDGTs and temperature o Positive relationship between total amount of core and polar iGDGTs and temperature Relationship between iGDGTs and other analytes o Newly recognized positive correlations between iGDGTs and Cr and Cu; negative relationships between iGDGTs and F and Cl o Relationships of iGDGTs to geochemical analytes may be tied to pH or source of groundwater feeding the springs
Constitutive model for cyclic behaviour of cohesionless sands

ABSTRACT This paper presents a constitutive model for describing the stress-strain response of sands under cyclic loading. The model, formulated using the critical state theory within the bounding surface plasticity framework, is an upgraded version of an existing model developed for monotonic behaviour of cohesionless sands. With modification of the hardening law, plastic volumetric strain increment and unloading plastic modulus, the original model was modified to simulate cyclic loading. The proposed model was validated against triaxial cyclic loading tests for Fuji River sand, Toyoura sand and Nigata sand. Comparison between the measured and predicted results suggests that the proposed modified model can capture the main features of cohesionless sands under drained and undrained cyclic loading.
Anatomical and Systematic Study of Proximal Tarsals of Ungulates from the Geste Formation (Northwestern Argentina)

Abstract. Over the last decades, Paleogene outcrops in northwestern Argentina have been yielding abundant information about the evolution of South American mammals during the early Cenozoic. This region was an important area of early diversification for several groups of native ungulates, particularly notoungulates, during the Eocene. Although many specimens were found in association with postcranial elements, most reports describe cranial material. It is well known that these postcranial elements can provide characters for phylogenetic analyses and important clues for paleobiological inferences. This study presents a series of postcranial remains (proximal tarsals) from the Geste Formation exposed in Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Three calcanei and two astragali are herein described, compared to those of extinct ungulates and taxonomically identified. A functional analysis allows inferring the association of these bones to different types of stances. One calcaneus is assigned to Toxodontidae (Notoungulata) and exhibits some plantigrade features. Presenting digitigrade-like morphology, the other two calcanei and an incomplete astragalus are assigned to Interatheriidae (Notoungulata). Another astragalus, characterized by a configuration suggesting a digitigrade posture, is assigned to Didolontidae Ernestokokenia cf. E. yirunhor. The study of the tarsal provides a more integrative view of the Paleogene forms of the region as well.