Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
T Cells CD8 and + Class II Hemagglutinin Peptide in CD4 Mice Expressing a TCR Receptor Specific for Against Influenza Virus Infection in Transgenic Cellular Mechanisms Involved in Protection

Mice transgenic for a TCR that recognizes peptide 110–120 of hemagglutinin of PR8 inﬂuenza virus in the context of MHC class II I-E d molecules express the transgenes in both CD4 1 and CD8 1 T cells. We have found that these TCR-hemagglutinin (TCR-HA) transgenic mice display a signiﬁcantly increased resistance to the primary infection with PR8 virus compared with the wild-type mice. The TCR-HA transgenic mice mounted signiﬁcant MHC type II and enhanced MHC type I-restricted cytotoxicity as well as increased cytokine responses in both spleen and lungs after infection with PR8 virus. In contrast, the primary humoral response against PR8 virus was not signiﬁcantly different from that of the wild-type mice. In vivo depletion and adoptive cell transfer experiments demonstrated that both CD4 1 and CD8 1 TCR-HA 1 T cell subsets were required for the complete clearance of pulmonary virus following infection with a dose that is 100% lethal in wild-type mice. Whereas CD4 1 TCR-HA 1 T cells were necessary for effective activation and local recruitment of CD8 1 T cells, CD8 1 TCR-HA 1 T cells showed a Th1-biased pattern and MHC type II-restricted cytotoxicity. However, in the absence of in vivo expression of MHC type I molecules on the infected cells, the protection conferred by the TCR-HA 1 T cells was impaired, indicating that the enhanced MHC class I-restricted cytotoxicity due to TCR-HA 1 CD4 1 Th cells was a critical element for clearance of the pulmonary virus by the transgenic mice. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 160: 4500–4507.
Comparison between the Aged Care Facilities Provided by the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) and the Nursing Hospitals of the National Health Insurance (NHI) for Elderly Care in South Korea

Long-term Care Insurance (LTCI) was created for the elderly, to provide various types of medical and care services, along with the National Health Insurance (NHI). However, the elderly must choose one of these systems, which leads to some of them being unable to receive services and care/medical care based on their needs, because the LTCI only provides limited services, regardless of the needs of the elderly. In order to establish the best solution between the LTCI and NHI, I conducted a utilization effect analysis; using the difference in difference (DID) and difference in difference in difference (DDD) methods with National Health Insurance Services-senior (NHIS-senior) cohort data from 2008 to 2013. The results of the study confirmed that medical expenses are significantly reduced for LTCI users (B = −3.176, p ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, when the services meet the older person’s needs, the overall medical expenses are significantly reduced (B = −1.034, p = 0.05). These results clearly show that the LTCI is much more suitable for those who need care services. To provide services that more efficiently fulfil their needs, and for better population coverage from the two different systems (the NHI and the LTCI), collaborative work, such as a linkage system, is required.
The structural assessment of sandwich panels with 3D printed cores for spacecraft applications

This study aims to investigate the use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for spacecraft structural design and it focuses on a 3D printed approach to the standard sandwich panel honeycomb core. The CFRP facesheets are already highly optimized constructions that can hardly be improved by 3D printing. In contrast, the core has a lot of potential for improvement. Standard Aluminium honeycomb cores, while being structurally eﬃcient, have ﬁxed geometries that cannot be varied throughout the panel. It is also very labour intensive and structurally problematic to incorporate the necessary inserts into a structural panel and printing can help improve both structural and manufacturing aspects. The objective of this paper is to compare sandwich panels with CFRP facesheets and 3D printed Aluminium core to a standard sandwich panel construction and char-acterize the performance variation from the baseline. The eﬀect of varying core to facesheet contact area on stiﬀness is also assessed. These comparisons are from 18 of the 208 total samples which were manufactured as part of the EU funded ReDSHIFT project. The samples were subjected to three point bending (3PB) and compression tests. Strength and stiﬀness as well as the failure modes of all the samples are investigated. Experimental results are compared to both theoretical predictions and simulations produced in ANSYS 2019 R2. The porosity of the 3D printed cores is also discussed because issues concerning the density of the end product appear for low wall thickness cores.
Financial development and income inequality, the Latin America case

The relationship between financial development and income inequality was analyzed using a database comprising 13 Latin American countries, covering a period from 1990 to 2015. The main variable is financial development, which is measured through the credit to GDP ratio. On the other hand, to measure income inequality, the Gini index was used. To carry out the analysis, the following econometric methods were used: fixed effects, estimated generalized least squares and the method of generalized moments together with estimated generalized least squares. In addition, the following control variables were used: GDP per capita, government expenditure to GDP ratio, trade opening, the inflation rate and the population. It was found that the development of the financial system increases income inequality. These results were validated using different econometric specifications.
7 W CW power from tensile-strained GaAs/sub y/P/sub 1-y//AlGaAs (/spl lambda/=735 nm) QW diode lasers

100 /spl mu/m-stripe lasers with a tensile-strained GaAs/sub y/P/sub 1-y/ quantum well embedded in a low-loss AlGaAs large-optical-cavity structure provide a record-high CW power of 7 W at 735 nm from 2 mm-long devices. The transverse beam pattern has a narrow 25/spl deg/ beamwidth. Reliability tests at the 0.5 W CW power level suggest lifetimes >10/sup 4/ h.
The importance of work-family reconciliation for job quality in Chile: New methodological and empirical contributions

This article examines the effect of sex, caregiving, and work-family reconciliation needs on overall job quality, as well as its objective and subjective dimensions. Using data from the 2009-2010 National Survey on Employment, Work, Health, and Quality of Life of Male and Female Workers in Chile (ENETS), valid and reliable multidimensional indexes of job quality are constructed. The model estimations indicate that being female, a sole caregiver, and having reconciliation needs exert negative effects on job quality, but with different intensities. Additionally, personal and work-related factors lend heterogeneity to the measurement of the objective and subjective dimensions, thus indicating the importance of a differential measurement to better understand this phenomenon.
The Effect of Roughness in Absorbing Materials on Solar Air Heater Performance

Artificial roughness on the absorber of the solar air heater (SAH) is considered to be the best passive technology for performance improvement. The roughened SAHs perform better in comparison to conventional SAHs under the same operational conditions, with some penalty of higher pumping power requirements. Thermo-hydraulic performance, based on effective efficiency, is much more appropriate to design roughened SAH, as it considers both the requirement of pumping power and useful heat gain. The shape, size, and arrangement of artificial roughness are the most important factors for the performance optimization of SAHs. The parameters of artificial roughness and operating parameters, such as the Reynolds number (Re), temperature rise parameter (ΔT/I) and insolation (I) show a combined effect on the performance of SAH. In this case study, various performance parameters of SAH have been evaluated to show the effect of distinct artificial roughness, investigated previously. Therefore, thermal efficiency, thermal efficiency improvement factor (TEIF) and the effective efficiency of various roughened absorbers of SAH have been predicted. As a result, thermal and effective efficiencies strongly depend on the roughness parameter, Re and ΔT/I. Staggered, broken arc hybrid-rib roughness shows a higher value of TEIF, thermal and effective efficiencies consistently among all other distinct roughness geometries for the ascending values of ΔT/I. This roughness shows the maximum value of effective efficiency equals 74.63% at a ΔT/I = 0.01 K·m2/W. The unique combination of parameters p/e = 10, e/Dh = 0.043 and α = 60° are observed for best performance at a ΔT/I higher than 0.00789 K·m2/W.
Rapid Tsunami Potential Assessment Using GNSS Ionospheric Disturbance: Implications from Three Megathrusts

The current tsunami early warning systems always issue alarms once large undersea earthquakes are detected, inevitably resulting in false warnings since there are no deterministic scaling relations between earthquake size and tsunami potential. In this paper, we assess tsunami potential by analyzing co-seismic ionospheric disturbances (CIDs). We examined CIDs of three megathrusts (the 2014 Mw 8.2 Iquique, the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel, and the recent 2021 Mw 8.2 Alaska events) as detected by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations. We found that CIDs near the epicenter generated by the 2021 Mw 8.2 Alaska event were significantly weaker than those of the two Chilean events, despite having similar earthquake magnitudes. The propagation direction of CIDs from the Mw 8.2 Alaska earthquake further revealed ruptures toward the deeper seismogenic zone, implying less seafloor uplift and hazardous flooding. Our work sheds light on incorporating GNSS-based CIDs for more trustworthy tsunami warning systems.
Relative Performance Evaluation in Presence of Exposure Risk

I study the consequences of a random exposure to common risk for the purpose of relative performance evaluation (RPE) and find that it significantly affects the usefulness and the empirical measurement of RPE. According to my analysis, the magnitude of the exposure risk not only determines how firms aggregate measures of common risk with measures of firm performance but also the extent to which the firms can control the impact of common risk on their own performance. Simulated regressions of my theoretical model indicate that a high exposure risk can prevent the correct identification of informative performance signals and cause a biased composition of customized peer groups. A high exposure risk also increases the likelihood of a type II error in implicit RPE tests. I evaluate two empirical strategies to control for the magnitude of the exposure risk and find that they significantly reduce the likelihood of a type II error.
TOM1 Airway Epithelial Cells and Regulates miR-126 Is Downregulated in Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic ﬁbrosis (CF) is one of the most common lethal genetic diseases in which the role of microRNAs has yet to be explored. Predicted to be regulated by miR-126, TOM1 (target of Myb1) has been shown to interact with Toll-interacting protein, forming a complex to regulate endosomal trafﬁcking of ubiquitinated proteins. TOM1 has also been proposed as a negative regulator of IL-1 b and TNF- a –induced signaling pathways. MiR-126 is highly expressed in the lung, and we now show for the ﬁrst time differential expression of miR-126 in CF versus non-CF airway epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. MiR-126 downregulation in CF bronchial epithelial cells correlated with a signiﬁcant upregulation of TOM1 mRNA, both in vitro and in vivo when compared with their non-CF counterparts. Introduction of synthetic pre–miR-126 inhibited luciferase activity in a reporter system containing the full length 3 9 -untranslated region of TOM1 and resulted in decreased TOM1 protein production in CF bronchial epithelial cells. Following stimulation with LPS or IL-1 b , overexpression of TOM1 was found to downregulate NF- k B luciferase activity. Conversely, TOM1 knockdown resulted in a signiﬁcant increase in NF- k B regulated IL-8 secretion. These data show that miR-126 is differentially regulated in CF versus non-CF airway epithelial cells and that TOM1 is a miR-126 target that may have an important role in regulating innate immune responses in the CF lung. To our knowledge, this study is the ﬁrst to report of a role for TOM1 in the TLR2/4 signaling pathways and the ﬁrst to describe microRNA involvement in CF. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, NF- k B and AP-1 Our work builds on this by showing that signaling to by LPS via TLR4. Our TOM1 knockdown studies corrob-orate this ﬁnding, showing a signiﬁcant increase in secretion of the NF- k B regulated cytokine IL-8 in response to LPS or IL-1 b and lipopeptide, thus introducing a role for TOM1 in TLR2 signaling.
A Model-Based Temperature Adjustment Scheme for Wintertime Sea-Ice Production Retrievals from MODIS

Knowledge of the wintertime sea-ice production in Arctic polynyas is an important requirement for estimations of the dense water formation, which drives vertical mixing in the upper ocean. Satellite-based techniques incorporating relatively high resolution thermal-infrared data from MODIS in combination with atmospheric reanalysis data have proven to be a strong tool to monitor large and regularly forming polynyas and to resolve narrow thin-ice areas (i.e., leads) along the shelf-breaks and across the entire Arctic Ocean. However, the selection of the atmospheric data sets has a large influence on derived polynya characteristics due to their impact on the calculation of the heat loss to the atmosphere, which is determined by the local thin-ice thickness. In order to overcome this methodical ambiguity, we present a MODIS-assisted temperature adjustment (MATA) algorithm that yields corrections of the 2 m air temperature and hence decreases differences between the atmospheric input data sets. The adjustment algorithm is based on atmospheric model simulations. We focus on the Laptev Sea region for detailed case studies on the developed algorithm and present time series of polynya characteristics in the winter season 2019/2020. It shows that the application of the empirically derived correction decreases the difference between different utilized atmospheric products significantly from 49% to 23%. Additional filter strategies are applied that aim at increasing the capability to include leads in the quasi-daily and persistence-filtered thin-ice thickness composites. More generally, the winter of 2019/2020 features high polynya activity in the eastern Arctic and less activity in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, presumably as a result of the particularly strong polar vortex in early 2020.
Padded Dressing with Lidocaine HCL for Reducing Pain during Intravenous Cannulation in Adult Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of administering lidocaine as a local anesthetic at the puncture site prior cannulation on reduction of pain during intravenous cannulation (IVC). Methods A total of 77 patients were divided into two groups as the patients who received a local anesthetic prior IVC procedure (n = 40) and the control group (n = 37). Patients' demographic data, including age, gender, height, weight and body mass index, IV gauge, IV site, heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded and analyzed. Patients in both groups scored the pain they felt during IVC through the visual analog scale (VAS) and the verbal descriptor scale (VDS). Results No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the demographic features. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the cannula gauges and site of IVC. The mean post-IVC HR value was statistically significantly higher compared to pre-IVC in the control group (p = 0.032), while no difference was found between the mean pre- and postprocedure HR in the lidocaine group. The mean VAS score was significantly lower in the lidocaine group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the current VDSs. The rate of the patients reporting mild pain was statistically significantly higher in the lidocaine group compared to the control subjects (p < 0.001). Conclusion According to the results of this study, lidocaine HCL-impregnated padded dressing prior IV cannulation significantly reduced pain sensation during IVC.
Correlation between the Positive Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation and Physical Performance in Young Male Soccer Players

The aim of this study was to determine whether supplementation with vitamin D during eight weeks of high-intensity training influences muscle power and aerobic performance in young soccer players. A total of 25 athletes were divided into two groups: the supplemented group (GS; n = 12; vitamin D 20,000 IU, twice a week) and the non-supplemented group (GN; n = 13). A set of measurements, including sprint tests, explosive power test, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and serum 25(OH)D concentration, were obtained before (T1) and after (T2) the intervention. A significant group x time interaction was found in the 25(OH)D serum levels (p = 0.002; ES = 0.36, large). A significant improvement in VO2max was found in the TG (p = 0.0004) and the GS (p = 0.031). Moreover, a positive correlation between 25(OH)D and VO2max (R = 0.4192, p = 0.0024) was calculated. The explosive power tests revealed insignificant time interactions in the average 10-jump height and average 10-jump power (p = 0.07, ES = 0.13; p = 0.10, ES = 0.11, respectively). A statistically insignificant trend was observed only in the group-by-time interaction for the sprint of 10 m (p = 0.05; ES = 0.15, large). The present study provides evidence that vitamin D supplementation has a positive but trivial impact on the explosive power and locomotor skills of young soccer players, but could significantly affect their aerobic performance.
Clinical Outcomes and Predictors of Patients with Fracture in Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background Fracture continues to be a major public health concern in many parts of the developing world that results in several consequences and complications including lifelong morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes of patients following fracture in Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based prospective cohort study was conducted from November 2020 to July 2021 among 207 fracture patients (69 visited traditional bone setter and 138 did not visit traditional bone setter). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, physical examinations, and radiological investigations. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and analysis was done using STATA 14 statistical software. Descriptive statistics were summarized using mean, median, standard deviation, and percentage and presented in tables and figures. The generalized linear model was fitted to identify the risks of the outcome variable. Risk Ratio with its 95% confidence interval was used and factors with a P-value less than 0.05 were considered as a statistically significant association. Result The mean age of the participants was 37.5 ± 13.6 years and two-thirds of the participants were males. Nearly half of the patients 92 (44%), 50 (54%) from the exposed and 42 (46%) from the nonexposed group, were delayed getting treatment from the hospital. The majority of the patients had been treated with Plaster of Paris immobilization (55%) followed by fixation (15%) and a combination of both (12%). Nearly half of the participants (48%), 74% from the exposed and 35% from the nonexposed group, developed complications during the follow-up period. The commonest complication was joint stiffness (45%) followed by osteoarthritis (21%). The risk of fracture-related complications among patients who did not visit traditional bone setter was decreased by 54% as compared to visitors (RR 0.46; 95% CI: (0.35, 0.60)) Conclusion The magnitude of complications following the fracture is found to be high and the risk of complications among patients who visited traditional bone setters increased significantly. Therefore, prevention measures should be strengthened and integration between hospitals and traditional bone setters should be made so that basic training on fractures management will be given.
Closure Techniques and Suture Materials for Upper Blepharoplasty: An Extensive Narrative Literature Review

Closure Techniques and Suture Materials Upper Abstract Purpose Blepharoplasty is an operation performed for the correction of functional abnormalities and for esthetic appearance. Differences in various techniques include the wound closure technique and the suture materials used. In this review, we Few studies have been conducted on this subject; however, there are various suturing and non-suturing techniques available for upper blepharoplasty wound closure, and several materials are used for these suturing and non-suturing closure techniques. These techniques include suturing with different materials, such as an adhesive made of a polymer called cyanoacrylate and wound adhesive strips. The selection of the wound closure technique and material should be performed depending on the surgeon’s preference and experience.
Magnetic concentric tube robots: Introduction and analysis

In this paper, we propose a new type of continuum robot, referred to as a magnetic concentric tube robot (M-CTR), for performing minimally invasive surgery in narrow and difficult-to-access areas. The robot combines concentric tubes and magnetic actuation to benefit from the ‘follow the leader’ behaviour, the dexterity and stability of existing robots, while targeting millimetre-sized external diameters. These three kinematic properties are assessed through numerical and experimental studies performed on a prototype of a M-CTR. They are performed with general forward and inverse kineto-static models of the robot, continuation and bifurcation analysis, and a specific experimental setup. The prototype presents unique capabilities in terms of deployment and active stability management, while its dexterity in terms of tip orientability is also among the best reported for other robots at its scale.
Propulsion and Maneuvering Model Tests of the USCGC Healy in Ice and Correlation with Full-Scale

Propulsion model test results of the USCGC Healy are reported here and correlated with full-scale data. The design requirement for the Healy was for “continuous icebreaking at 3 knots through 4.5 ft (1.37 m) of ice of 100 psi (690 kPa) strength”. The full-scale trials were designed to test this capability. Unfortunately, the ice strength found on the trials was approximately half of that specified. One of the objects of the model tests was to determine the effect of ice strength on the delivered power necessary for the Healy to meet her icebreaking specification. Propulsion overload tests in open water combined with limited ice tests, and the IOT standard method for analyzing propulsion tests in ice, gave consistent results for delivered power, which agreed well with the available full-scale data from the Healy. A correlation friction coefficient of 0.05 was again shown to be appropriate. From the analysis of the resistance and propulsion tests, the Healy, with its total shaft horsepower of 30,000, was shown to be capable of its design requirement. Using a similar analysis, an imaginary “Polar 8” icebreaker of the Healy design was shown to require 85,000 HP to continuously break ice of 2.44 m (8 ft.) thickness, of 500 kPa strength, at 3 knots. Free running maneuvering tests performed in the ice tank gave arcs of circles whose diameters agreed well with the full-scale data of turning circles obtained on the ship trials.