Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of surface contamination of lithium disilicate ceramic before adhesive luting.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different contamination media and cleaning regimens on the adhesion of resin cement to lithium disilicate ceramic. METHODS Specimens (IPS e.max CAD) (n =15 per group) were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid gel. While half of the specimens were silanized after etching, the other half was left etched only. After contamination with either saliva or dental stone, they were further divided into four subgroups depending on the cleaning regimens: water rinsing only (WR), 80% ethanol (E), 37% phosphoric acid (PA), cleaning gel (CG). All specimens were re-silanized, coated with adhesive resin (Heliobond) and resin cement (Variolink II) was bonded. After thermocycling (5.000x, 5-55°C), ceramic-cement interface was loaded under shear (1 mm/minute) and failure types were classified. Data (MPa) were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA, Dunnett-T3 tests and Weibull moduli were calculated. RESULTS Saliva contamination (4.7±2.2-15.4±2.7) resulted in significantly lower bond strength compared to dental stone (17.8±4.8-23.6±2.7). Silanization before contamination showed protective effect especially for saliva (20.1±4.5-24.7±3.9) compared to non-silanized groups (4.7±2.2-15.4±2.7). Weibull modulus was the lowest for saliva-contaminated groups after cleaning with WR (2.22, 5.01) or E (1.14, 5.77) without and with initial silanization, respectively. Adhesive failures (272 out of 285) were commonly observed in all groups. Saliva contamination decreased the adhesion of luting cement to lithium disilicate ceramic considerably more than dental stone contamination, but silanization prior to try-in prevented deterioration in adhesion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Preliminary silanization of hydrofluoric acid etched lithium disilicate ceramic prior to saliva or dental stone contamination re-established resin luting cement adhesion, irrespective of the cleaning regimen used.
Is it just about grazing? UK citizens have diverse preferences for how dairy cows should be managed.

Conflicting views between the dairy industry and the public about how dairy cows should be managed, together with an increase in the availability of alternatives to dairy foods, challenge future markets for milk producers. Members of the public value animal welfare as well as naturalness and grazing, but neither the relative importance of specific aspects of management nor the diversity of views underlying these preferences have been established. To better understand these issues, 2,054 UK citizens recruited through a research panel took part in an online survey. They were asked to rank 17 attributes relating to dairy cow management and milk production through the novel application of best-worst scaling, a discrete choice methodology that allows a trade-off between items. Hierarchical Bayesian analysis of the results revealed 3 attributes of equal top importance: (1) access to grazing, (2) cow health and welfare, and (3) cow comfort. Alongside this overarching ranking, underlying differences in preferences were identified in 6 approximately equally sized citizen groups within the sample, which were identified through latent class analysis. Each latent class expressed significantly different priorities from the other, and each had different indicative sociodemographic, attitudinal, experiential, and value-orientated characteristics, as established through a multinomial logistic model. If the diversity of preference between the citizen groups found in the sample is reflected within wider populations, there may be opportunities for the dairy industry to improve communication about positive practices, develop new dairy product markets, and consider changes to dairy farming systems to better meet different citizens' needs. Furthermore, the defining characteristics and priorities of each group raise the question of whether grazing in particular, but also other attributes presented within the study, is understood in different ways by different subgroups of citizens.
Impact of a Middle School 4-H Science Camp on College Aspirations of Alumni

This article reports on an alumni study of middle school participants in a university-based science camp; at the time of the study the youth were completing their junior or senior year of high school. The science- and technology-intensive program was set in an intentionally designed positive youth development context. The camp was free to youth who were members of populations underrepresented in science and technology careers or were from underserved areas of the state. The alumni fulfilled the camp goal that they plan to attend college after high school. The majority reported planning to get a professional or advanced degree.
Investigating Chinese and English scale point labels for verbalized rating scales in survey research

Rating scales are the most-used response tool in surveys, and the scale levels are commonly described with words (verbal scale point level, "VSPL"). In this study, Chinese VSPLs for questionnaires were identified which employ five-point scales that are psychometrically equivalent to English VSPLs. In several bi-lingual experiments, altogether 61 Chinese and 44 English items were tested which cover three rating modalities: intensity, frequency and agreement with statements. For each VSPL three aspects were measured: position between minimum and maximum, familiarity and appeal. The correspondence between pertinent Chinese and English words was also assessed. Based on these data the best-suited VSPLs are recommended. The findings have significant practical implications for the translation of scales between the two languages.
Influence of Information Power on Career Development among Administrative Staff in Public Universities: A Case of the University of Eldoret, Kenya

Institutions of higher learning in Kenya are faced with a multiplicity of challenges due to policy shifts that have led to massification of education. The structural adjustment programmes (SAPS) together with other neoliberal policies introduced by Britton wood institutions has had major implications for the education sector in Kenya. The greatest effect has been on the human resource working in institutions of higher learning that have been faced by various challenges including career stagnation. These has led to a pool of demotivated staff which has a spiral effect on the quality of service provision thus leading to frequent and persistent strikes by both the staff and the students. All these are linked to organizational politics and specifically its subset the politics of information. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to examine the influence of information power on career development among administrative staff in public universities: a case of University of Eldoret (UOE) in Eldoret, Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to determine the influence of Information power on career development among administrative staff in public universities . The research design employed was a case study to enhance collection of extensive and detailed information on the research objective. The target population comprised of 134 permanent administrative employees of University of Eldoret. This also formed the sample size since the population was not big enough the researcher employed a census technique in the selection of respondents for the study. However only 130 respondents were able to fill their questionnaires and return. Closed ended questionnaires with the aid of likert scales were employed as the data collection instrument for the study. Data was analysed with the aid of both descriptive and inferential statistics specifically correlation to test the effect of information power on career development. This data was then presented using tables, charts and graphs to enhance analysis of data. This study is of great significance to policy makers, Human resource practitioners in universities, as well as the University management who are able to make clear and effective policies on the issue of information power and career development.
BENLİĞİ, SAĞLIĞI VE BEDENİ UMUT VE AHLAK SÖYLEMLERİYLE DENETLEMEK

Healthy life understandings and discourses produced in contemporary medical and wellness culture have become a capitalist social and financial movement. This movement has produced various lifestyles, hope, morality and consumption discourses after putting obesity and slimming issues, which are both aesthetics and health-related matters, into their agendas. In this medicalized and commodified process, people have begun to be defined as “patients” and “customers” by an increasing number of investor groups, body politicians and professionals in medicine, cosmetics, chemistry and media industries. These kind of dominant paradigmas eventually may lead to a perception of an ill society. In this respect, these power groups constituting the biopower resort to utilizing hope and morality discourses to be able to manipulate the society into an ill society discourse. In this study, I target presenting both theoretical arguments and survey results and interpreting the findings of my online survey within the context of anti-consumerist and critical perspective. The following chapters will firstly discuss theoretical arguments and finally the findings will be discussed.
Designing verbalized rating scales: Sociolinguistic concepts and psychometric findings from three cross-cultural projects

Designing verbalized rating scales: Sociolinguistic concepts and psychometric findings from three cross-cultural projects Methodological issue: Surveys based on questionnaires are the dominant data collection method in psychology, sociology and other social sciences, and most use rating scales as response mode. Within category scaling, verbal labelling of rating scales has become the primary approach to enhancing usability. The labels are used as "qualifiers", either for the two endpoints or for each single scale point. Verbal labelling provides practical advantages, such as ease-of-explanation and familiarity, and facilitates capturing normative judgments. The main disadvantages are inferior measurement quality and proneness to cultural biases. It is thus essential to design verbalized scales carefully if equi-distant and unambiguous instruments are to be achieved yet only a restricted number of publications provide pertinent information. Research approach: The principal idea underlying the presented research is, to create rating scales using verbal labels which reflect the cognitions of respondents and for which sociolinguistic and psychometric data are available. Therefore a series of studies was conducted to clarify the measurement features of relevant words or expressions and to develop methodologically sound response scales which are useful for both basic and applied research. This started in Germany, was later repeated and extended in a cross-national approach in Australia, and then in HongKong/ China (i.e., projects 1, 2, 3). Data collection: A large number of words or expressions were tested within five qualifier dimensions: Intensity, frequency, probability, quality, and responses to statements. Their properties were investigated with several categorical scaling and magnitude estimation methods in a variety of contexts. Furthermore, linguistic relations between different languages (here: English and Chinese) were quantified. This provided multiple information about the linkage between words and quantitative scale levels. The samples for the substudies in the three projects (N=122, N=229, N=300) were recruited from both university students and the general population, to widen the validity. Outcomes and conclusions: The results provide a comprehensive body of quantitative information about common scale labels and enable the systematic design of response formats with using distinctive words or expressions. The recommended format is multi-modal to enhance both psychometric quality and user-friendliness. To widen the validity scope, ongoing research is suggested, namely, to cover further languages (e.g., Arabic or Slavic ones), to inspect cultural distinctions within a country/language, and to explore stability over time of verbal scale point qualifiers.
An Evaluation of Weakly-Supervised DeepCT in the TREC 2019 Deep Learning Track

This paper describes our participation in the TREC 2019 Deep Learning Track document ranking task. We developed a deep learning based document term weighting approach based on our previous work of DeepCT. It used the contextualized token embeddings generated by BERT to estimate a term’s importance in passages, and combines passage term weights into document-level term weights. The weighted document is stored in an ordinary inverted index and searched using a multi-ﬁeld BM25, which is eﬃcient. We tested two ways of training DeepCT: a query-based method using sparse relevant query-document pairs, and a weakly-supervised method using document title-body pairs.
Stability study of thymoquinone, carvacrol and thymol using HPLC-UV and LC-ESI-MS

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of three major antioxidants of Nigella sativa: thymoquinone (TQ), carvacrol (CR) and thymol (THY), under different stress conditions using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. Forced degradation for each compound was performed under different conditions, including oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and thermal decomposition. The results showed that both CR and THY were stable under the studied conditions, whereas TQ was not affected by acidic, basic and oxidative forced conditions but the effect of light and heat was significant. The degradation products of TQ were further investigated and characterized by LC-MS/MS. HPLC-UV method has been fully validated in terms of linearity and range, the limit of detection and quantitation, precision, selectivity, accuracy and robustness. The method was successfully applied to quantitative analysis of the principal antioxidants of Nigella sativa TQ, CR and THY in different phytopharmaceuticals.
Child Height in India Facts and Interpretations from the NFHS-4, 2015–16

An analysis of child height-for-age using the newly released data from the National Family Health Survey-4 indicates that the average child height increased by about four-tenths of a height-for-age standard deviation between 2005 and 2015. Although important, this increase is small relative to India’s overall height deficit, and relative to economic progress; children in India remain among the shortest in the world. It is unsurprising that the increase in height-for-age has been modest because none of the principal factors responsible for India’s poor child height outcomes have substantially improved over the last decade. Familiar patterns of regional, sex, and caste disadvantage are reflected in child height in 2015.
Fairness Preferences in a Bilateral Trade Experiment

Is the willingness to make trades influenced by how the total gains from trade are split between the trading partners? We present results from a bilateral trade game ( n = 128) where all participants were price-takers and trading pairs faced one of three exogenously imposed trading prices. The fixed prices divided the gains either symmetrically in the reference treatment or asymmetrically in treatments favoring either the buyer or seller. Price treatments generating asymmetric gains from trade reduced desired transaction levels on both sides of the market, but more strongly by the disfavored party. The data weakly indicated a larger reduction when the disfavored party was a seller.
Size Matters: A Latent Class Analysis of Workplace Health Promotion Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Likelihood of Action in Small Workplaces

Workplace health programs (WHPs) have been shown to improve employee health behaviours and outcomes, increase productivity, and decrease work-related costs over time. Nonetheless, organizational characteristics, including size, prevent certain workplaces from implementing these programs. Past research has examined the differences between small and large organizations. However, these studies have typically used a cut-off better suited to large countries such as the USA. Generalizing such studies to countries that differ based on population size, scale of economies, and health systems is problematic. We investigated differences in WHP knowledge, attitudes, and practices between organizations with under 20 employees, 20–99 employees, and more than 100 employees. In 2017–2018, a random sample of employers from 528 workplaces in Alberta, Canada, were contacted for participation in a cross-sectional survey. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify underlying response pattern and to group clusters of similar responses to categorical variables focused on WHP knowledge, attitudes, practices and likelihood of action. Compared to large organizations, organizations with fewer than 20 employees were more likely to be members of the Medium–Low Knowledge of WHP latent class (p = 0.01), the Low Practices for WHP latent class (p < 0.001), and more likely to be members of Low Likelihood of Action in place latent class (p = 0.033). While the majority of workplaces, regardless of size, recognized the importance and benefits of workplace health, capacity challenges limited small employers’ ability to plan and implement WHP programs. The differences in capacity to implement WHP in small organizations are masked in the absence of a meaningful cut-off that reflects the legal and demographic reality of the region of study.
Community-Based Essential Newborn Care Practices and Associated Factors among Women of Enderta, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018

Introduction. Neonatal mortality contributes a higher percentage of infant mortality, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia where the rate of institutional delivery is low. In Ethiopia, scientific evidences on the level of community-based essential newborn care practice were scanty and inconclusive. Objectives The aim of the study was to assess community-based essential newborn care practices and associated factors among women who have infant < 12 months. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 634 randomly selected women who have infant < 12 months from June 23, 2017, to August 29, 2017, at Enderta district. Data was collected by a face-to-face interview through structured questionnaires, and it was coded, entered, and cleaned using EpiData version 3.1. Then, the data was exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Odds ratios and p value were computed to know the association between the independent variables with the dependent variable. Finally, a variable at p value were computed to know the association between the independent variables with the dependent variable. Finally, a variable at p value were computed to know the association between the independent variables with the dependent variable. Finally, a variable at Result The overall community-based essential newborn care practice was found 40.7%. Educational status (AOR = 6.6, 95% CI, 2.49-11.97), previous ANC follow-up (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI, 1.2-3.80), weight of the child during birth (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.12-2.98), and place of delivery (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI, 1.50-4.63) were found to be significantly associated with community-based essential newborn care. Even though overall newborn practice was found to be good, the cord care practices were found to be poor that indicated there is a need to rise community awareness.
EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOMETRIC FACTORS, AGE, GENDER, AND FOOT POSTURE ON SINGLE LEG BALANCE PERFORMANCE IN ASYMPTOMATIC SUBJECTS

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and foot posture on single leg standing balance performance. Methods: A total of 76 healthy young asymptomatic adults were enrolled (52 females and 24 males) with an age range of 19-49 years. Age, gender, height, weight, and BMI, foot posture (Foot Posture Index), and balance (Biodex Balance Systems) were assessed. Balance assessments were performed on the dominant leg. Results: A regression analysis showed that 43.2% of the anterior- posterior (AP) stability index score explained the total variance, and the effects of height (p=0.006, B=-4.387, β=-1.974, SD=1.554), weight (p=0.001, B=0.068, β=4.550, SD=0.020), and BMI (p=0.003, B=-0.171, β=- 2.833, SD=0.056) found statistically significant. The regression analysis also revealed that 66.5% of the variance in the medial-lateral (ML) stability index score and age (p=0.026, B=0.003, β=0.173, SD=0.001) and weight (p=0.048, B=0.022, β=2.031, SD=0.011). Foot posture and gender were not statistically significant in both AP stability index and ML stability index (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that age, and anthropometric factors (height, weight, and BMI) are potential markers for balance assessments. These results suggest that age and anthropometric factors play an important role in balance performance in asymptomatic subjects
Small and Medium Enterprises in the Americas, Effect of Disaster Experience on Readiness Capabilities

Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is key in strengthening resilience and achievement of sustainable development. The private sector is co-responsible for DRR: it is a generator of risks, and a subject exposed to risks. There are competing narratives in the literature regarding the relationship between business’ disaster experience and DRR. The current study defined and characterized businesses in the Americas, with a particular interest in small and medium enterprises, and examined whether disaster experience predicts DRR, considering business size. Secondary data analyses were conducted using data from a previous study on private sector participation in DRR conducted in six Western Hemisphere cities (N=1162): Bogotá, Colombia; Kingston, Jamaica; Miami, USA; San José, Costa Rica; Santiago, Chile; and Vancouver, Canada. Results confirmed that business size matters – small businesses had lower levels of DRR efforts compared to medium and large businesses. Disaster experience (i.e., supply chain disruption, loss of telecommunications, power outage, and damaged facilities) predicted DRR. The findings underscore the importance of fostering, advising, and financing small and medium enterprises to proactively develop capabilities in the line of risk and emergency management, and early resumption of operations, post-disasters. Governing agencies and civil society organizations have the ability to provide this support.
THE IMPACT OF SANDING SYSTEM ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF MEDIUM DENSITY FIBREBOARD

This paper examines the impact of the sanding system on automatic sanding machine in real production conditions on the surface roughness of medium density fibreboard (MDF). The surface of samples was egalized by sanding on wide–belt sanding machine using P80 grit sanding belt. Afterwards, the samples were sanded on the 4 aggregate automatic sanding machine at sanding speed of 14 m/s in a two-step process with the following sanding belt grits: P120+P150 and P120+P180, using two conveyor speeds: 8 and 12 m/min. In the first stage of sanding, the samples were sanded by narrow belt aggregate, with sanding direction perpendicular towards the processing direction of sample in sanding machine. The second stage of sanding was conducted on the wide-belt aggregate, with sanding direction parallel towards the processing direction of sample in sanding machine. The surface roughness was measured by the contact-mechanical gauge and expressed by parameters Ra, Rz and Rt. As expected, results confirmed that sanding belt grit in the last stage of sanding had significant effect on the surface roughness of MDF. On the other hand, variation of speed of conveyor did not affect the surface roughness of MDF, for both combinations of sanding belt grits.