Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers and Students Perceptions of Grammar Teaching in Curriculum 13

This research is aimed at investigating teachers’ and students’ perceptions on the role of grammar in English teaching learning and how grammar is taught in curriculum 13. The research employed a qualitative descriptive design. The data were gathered through questionnaire and interview. The participants involved in this research were three English teachers and thirty students of grade X and XI in a private senior high school in Bandung. The findings revealed that the teachers and students had the same view about the importance of grammar both in language teaching learning and communication. Although the majority of them agreed that the knowledge of grammar is beneficial in both speaking and writing activities, there were a few of them who disagreed its importance in speaking. Furthermore, teachers and students in this research were aware that grammar in the curriculum 13 is more appropriate to be taught under Communicative Language Teaching (in which grammar is taught integrated into communicative activities, inductively, and with contextualized grammar practice) than under Grammar Translation Method (in which grammar is taught in separate lesson, in deductive approach, and emphasizing practice of patterns). From the findings, it was recommended that grammar needs to be taught in the current curriculum using Communicative Language Teaching method.
Self-Efficacy in Learning English as a Foreign Language Via Online Courses in Higher Education

Aim/Purpose. Higher education institutions face difficulties and challenges when it comes to distance learning. The purpose of this paper is to examine self-efficacy indicators and student satisfaction during online English classes. Background. E-learning has been very relevant since the Covid-19 era and is still relevant today. It is possible for students to study regardless of their location or time. By measuring students’ self-efficacy, instructors can gain valuable insights into their students’ ability to create social interaction, cope with technology, and acquire knowledge and tools to manage the learning process. Methodology. This study uses mixed methods along with two measurements. Before and after the course, quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Higher education students in Israel participated. A total of 964 students enrolled in English as a foreign language courses at the pre-basic, basic, and advanced levels. Contribution. Analyzing self-efficacy from several angles provides insight into students. What influences students’ confidence and belief in their ability to succeed in online courses. Moreover, how students perceive their own learning and how they cope with challenges. Findings. Compared to the measurement before the course, self-efficacy decreased on average. Most significant decreases occurred in ‘creating social interactions’ and ‘acquirement of knowledge and tools’ to manage the learning process. A slight decrease was observed in the ability to cope with technology. Additionally, self-efficacy and satisfaction with the course were positively correlated. Recommendations for Practitioners. An overview is provided of the most effective tools and techniques for teaching languages in digital format in this paper. This will allow instructors to design and deliver courses in a more effective way. Thus, they will be able to make better informed decisions, resulting in better outcomes for students. Recommendations for Researchers. Distance Learning courses should resemble the common digital environments in everyday life, rather than imitating face-to-face courses mainly in the field of social interaction. Impact on Society. Digital tools should be encouraged that facilitate effective learning processes instead of sticking to traditional methods that characterize face-to-face courses. Using common interfaces in daily use among the general population will enable the implementation of these recommendations. Future Research. Future studies could be helpful if they compared the English courses developed in the CEFR model with those taught face-to-face as well as those taught online. In addition, motivation and self-monitoring should be examined in both synchronous and asynchronous courses as well.
Monomial Dynamical and Control Systems over a Finite Field and Applications to Agent-based Models in Immunology

In this dissertation we study time discrete monomial dynamical systems as well as control systems over a finite field. Furthermore, we study the performance of a recently developed “reverse engineering” method that was conceived to reconstruct a time discrete dynamical system over a finite field out of biological time series data. We establish to what extent this method can be used to approximate the stochastic agent-based model PathSim , which simulates Epstein-Barr virus infection. The main results of this work are: Theorems that forecast the long term dynamics of the systems mentioned above and their algorithmic applications. Controllability results as well as methods for the synthesis of state feedback laws. Statements about the relationship between the performance of the “reverse engineering” method and the quantity or quality of the time series data used.
Dynamic asymptotic dimension and $K$-theory of Banach crossed product algebras

We apply controlled (or quantitative) $K$-theory to prove that a certain $L_p$ assembly map is an isomorphism for $p\in(1,\infty)$ when a countable discrete group $\Gamma$ acts with finite dynamic asymptotic dimension on a compact Hausdorff space $X$. When $p=2$, this is a model for the Baum-Connes assembly map for $\Gamma$ with coefficients in $C(X)$, and was shown to be an isomorphism by Guentner, Willett, and Yu. As a consequence, we see that the $K$-theory of the $L_p$ reduced crossed product is independent of $p\in (1,\infty)$ under the assumption of finite dynamic asymptotic dimension.
Anti-invariant ξ ⊥ -Riemannian Submersions From Hyperbolic β-Kenmotsu Manifolds

In this paper, we introduce anti-invariant ξ⊥-Riemannian submersions from Hyperbolic β-Kenmotsu Manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a special anti-invariant ξ⊥-Riemannian submersion to be totally geodesic are studied. Moreover, we obtain decomposition theorems for the total manifold of such submersions.
Artificial Intelligence based Arabic-to-English machine versus human translation of poetry: An analytical study of outcomes

This study discusses the discrepancies between a machine translation and a human translation of Arabic poems to English. The dataset comprises two Arabic poems, Nothing of Note, and One Day. Each of these have English translations achieved by one or more translators working in unison to ensure close translation of the original. The researcher then generated the Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Machine Translation (MT) versions of these and conducted a critical linguistic examination of the two outputs. Results indicated that the MT fails to capture the cultural context for instance, in the poem, Nothing of Note, the protagonist is uprooted his salary is changed to "pounds," and the use of different adjectives in the MT creates a different meaning than the original. The human translation's use of conjunctive pairs in the same creates a lyrical continuance to the adjectival antonyms, which is not achieved in the MT. The poem's context is also lost in the MT, e.g., "the dust-dunned street" is changed to "dusty street," and "like time would not walk with him" is changed to "on the ground, as if he was walking, but time wasn't passing. " Finally, MT establishes two protagonists, while the human translation does not. In the second analysis of the poem, One Day, the limitations of machine translation are stark in capturing the socio-cultural context of poetry. The critical linguistic analysis comparing human translation to MT, points out that the latter failed to capture the nuances of the poem, including the use of figurative language, historical references, and the genre of the poem. In conclusion, MT is unable to apply meaning beyond its database and lacks the ability to understand the cultural context in which the poetry was created and can therefore, not be a good tool for translation of Arabic poetry to English.
Equivalent uniaxial accelerogram for CSS-based isolation systems assessment under two-components seismic events

ABSTRACT Concave surface slider (CSS) devices represent an effective solution for base-isolation design problems. In such isolators the energy dissipation capability is induced by the sliding motions which occur at one or more sliding interfaces. The spherical shape of the sliding surfaces provides a significant recentering behavior, by means of the stepwise projection of the applied vertical load with respect to both horizontal directions. For two-components earthquake excitations, the recentering force is computed as a linear spring with respect to displacements along the main directions of motion; whereas, the frictional response is returned by the stepwise projection of the total frictional force, which is aligned with respect to the trajectory of the device: thus, a bi-axial interaction of the directions of motion has to be accounted for, when a friction-based device is modelled. However, available commercial software which can capture such a behavior are limited. In this work an analytical procedure is defined, for the computation of an “equivalent uniaxial accelerogram” for the seismic assessment of a base-isolated structure, subjected to a bi-directional earthquake. Thanks to the proposed theory, it is possible to compute a single ground acceleration time-history, related to a proper direction angle, which can reproduce the same effects of a two-components seismic event on a base-isolated structural system: the analogy between the equivalent uniaxial and the bi-directional events has been studied in terms of acceleration, velocity and displacement spectra respectively. Results for the base-isolated structure have been analyzed in terms of displacement, absolute acceleration and interstorey shear responses.
Global existence and slow grow-up in a quasilinear Keller–Segel system with exponentially decaying diffusivity

The Neumann initial-boundary value problem for the chemotaxis system {ut=∇⋅(D(u)∇u)−∇⋅(S(u)∇v),vt=Δv−v+u,(⋆) is considered in a bounded domain Ω⊂Rn, n⩾1, with smooth boundary. In compliance with refined modeling approaches, the diffusivity function D therein is allowed to decay considerably fast at large densities, where a particular focus will be on the mathematically delicate case when D(s) decays exponentially as s→∞. In such situations, namely, straightforward Moser-type recursive arguments for the derivation of L∞ estimates for u from corresponding Lp bounds seem to fail. Accordingly, results on global existence, and especially on quantitative upper bounds for solutions, so far mainly concentrate on cases when D decays at most algebraically, and hence are unavailable in the present context. This work develops an alternative approach, at its core based on a Moser-type iteration for the quantity eu, to establish global existence of classical solutions for all reasonably regular initial data, as well as a logarithmic upper estimate for the possible growth of ∥u(⋅,t)∥L∞(Ω) as t→∞, under the assumptions that with some K1 > 0, K2 > 0, 0$ ? >β−>0 and β+∈(−∞,β−] we have K1e−β−s⩽D(s)⩽K2e−β+s for all s⩾0, and that the size of S relative to D can be estimated according to S(s)D(s)⩽K3eγs for all s⩾0 with some K3 > 0 and γ∈[β+−β−2,β+2). Making use of the fact that this allows for certain superalgebraic growth of SD, as a particular consequence of this and known results on nonexistence of global bounded solutions we shall see that in the prototypical case when D(s)=e−βs and S(s)=se−αs for all s⩾0 and some positive α and β, the assumptions that n⩾2 and that 0\quad \quad \text{and}\quad \quad \left\{\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} \alpha \in \left(\frac{\beta}{2},\beta \right)\quad \quad & \text{if}~n=2, \\ \alpha \in \left(\frac{\beta}{2},\beta \right]\quad \quad & \text{if}~n\geqslant 3, \end{array}\right. \end{eqnarray} ? >β>0and{α∈(β2,β)if n=2,α∈(β2,β]if n⩾3, warrant the existence of classical solutions which are global but unbounded, and for which this infinite-time blow-up is slow in the sense that the corresponding grow-up rate is at most logarithmic. To the best of our knowledge, this inter alia seems to constitute the first quantitative information on a blow-up rate in a parabolic Keller–Segel system of type (⋆) for widely arbitrary initial data, hence independent of a particular construction of possibly non-generic exploding solutions.
Sleep–related consolidation of new form–meaning mappings: the acquisition of arbitrary and systematic mappings in adult language learning.

Six experiments investigated the role of sleep-related memory consolidation in learning new words (e.g. tib bisesh = queen). We tested the predictions of the Complementary Learning Systems model (CLS; McClelland et al., 1995) that sleep-related consolidation varies with arbitrariness in the form-meaning mapping. New determiners (tib, ked) and suffixes ( -esh, -ool) systematically mapped on to the referents' natural gender. Stem-meaning mappings (e.g. bis- = queen, jor- = cowboy) were arbitrary, as the meaning of the stem could not be predicted from its phonology. In Experiments 1 and 2 there was one determiner and two suffixes per gender (tib = female, ked = male; -esh, -eem = female, -ool, -aff = male). In Experiment 2 overnight polysomnography data was collected, to correlate slow wave sleep (SWS) with arbitrary mapping recall. In Experiments 3 and 4, there were two determiners and one suffix per gender (tib, paz = female, ked, jov = male; -eem = female, -ool = male). In Experiments 5 and 6, the systematic mapping included the suffixes only (without determiners), and the number of exemplars was increased in Experiment 6. The memory for the arbitrary mappings was tested in recall and recognition tasks. The knowledge of the systematic mappings was tested in generalisation tasks. As an exploratory investigation of Ullman's Declarative/ Procedural model (e.g. Ullman, 2001) we also correlated measures of arbitrary and systematic mappings with a declarative and a procedural task. As predicted by the CLS, there was evidence to suggest that sleep was beneficial for the memory of the arbitrary mappings, but not for the systematic mappings. Determiners required full systematicity to be extracted. Suffixes required increased exemplar variability and no determiners present to be extracted. The findings will be discussed in the context of models of memory consolidation in word learning.
What causes the variability in the properties of energetic storm particle (ESP) events?

Energetic storm particle (ESP) events are enhancements above ∼0.05 MeV/nucleon ions near 1 AU in association with the passage of an interplanetary (IP) coronal mass ejection (ICME). The primary candidate of producing these enhancements is diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). ESPs can produce significant increases in the near-Earth particulate radiation and pose severe hazards to astronauts and hardware in space. Physical parameters thought to affect ESP production include IP shock properties (e.g., speed, strength, obliquity) and conditions upstream of the propagating shock (e.g., seed population, ambient plasma conditions). Several theoretical and observational studies tried to relate ESP production to these drivers; however, reliable prediction of ESP properties (e.g. intensities, spectra, abundances), including their event-to-event variability, has so far proven elusive. This indicates an incomplete understanding of how ICME-driven IP shocks accelerate ESPs. Using instruments onboard ACE, we investigate the relations between a large set of parameters (28) that characterize (i) ESP properties, (ii) IP shock and ICME properties, and (iii) the upstream and downstream conditions measured across the IP shock. Ee present a comprehensive correlation matrix between all parameters and those of the ESP properties, in an attempt to identify the dominant parameters that influence ESP production and variability. We find that within the selected dataset, (1) spectral and compositional relations strongly indicate a rigidity-dependent acceleration mechanism, (2) correlations between observations and DSA predictions are poor, (iii) ICME sheath temperature appears to play a role in determining the ESP peak intensities.
Adaptive state observers for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors

In this paper, we address the problem of state observation for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors (SRMs), that is, the regulation of the motor measuring only the voltage and the current of the electrical supply. Instrumental for the construction of the observer is the derivation of algebraic relations, which define regression models, between the unknown rotor flux and the measured quantities. With the knowledge of the flux, it is shown that the mechanical coordinates can be estimated with suitably tailored adaptive nonlinear observers. Replacing the observed states, in a certainty equivalent manner, with a full information stabilizing law completes the sensorless controller design. In contrast with other motors, there is no universally accepted mathematical model to describe the dynamics of SRMs. To widen our target audience, we present the results for four different mathematical models reported in the literature. Simulation results with a precise (finite element) model of the SRM are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed observer and sensorless control.
Influence of over fire air system on NOx emissions: An experimental case study

In this work, various combinations of the NO emission influencing factors and their x combined effects in air staging combustion on level of furnace, using over fire air, were investigated in an experimental lab-scale furnace. At this, process temperature were varied in the range from 950? C to 1450? C, excess air ratio in primary zone in the range ? = 0.9 - 1.2, while distance of over fire air nozzles from the burner outlet varied until a 1 given distance of 2/5 of total length of furnace. Basic fuel is brown coal from Middle Bosnia coal basin, mixed in two coal blends and one coal-woody biomass blend, to combine an effect of fuel characteristics variation on NO emission. Results shows that x an average reduction of NO emission over tested temperature range, when using over x fire air against conventional air supply with over fire air switched off, is 26.5%. At this, much more NO emission reduction for two coal blends were occurred at higher x temperatures ? at 1350? C and above, where an average NO emission reduction is x 32.5%. Furthermore, it was found that the NO emission decreased with an increase in x distance of over fire air nozzles from the outlet level of burner until a distance of 1/3 of total furnace length; with further increase of the distance, NOx emission is stabilised and no further effect to NOx emission reduction was observed, while CO emission and unburnt increased.
Optimal dividend of compound poisson process under a stochastic interest rate

In this paper we assume the insurance wealth process is driven by the compound Poisson process. The discounting factor is modelled as a geometric Brownian motion at first and then as an exponential function of an integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. The objective is to maximize the cumulated value of expected discounted dividends up to the time of ruin. We give an explicit expression of the value function and the optimal strategy in the case of interest rate following a geometric Brownian motion. For the case of the Vasicek model, we explore some properties of the value function. Since we can not find an explicit expression for the value function in the second case, we prove that the value function is the viscosity solution of the corresponding HJB equation.
High-Cycle Constant Amplitude Fatigue Life Variability of Welded Round HSS Y-Joints

i Preface The variability in fatigue life estimates for welded pipe joints commonly found in overhead transportation sign support structures has not been characterized to the level necessary for generating accurate fatigue life predictions for these structures. Cracking found in existing sign support structures demands that this variability be quantified to understand the impetus for these cracks. The primary goal of this thesis was to quantify the variability in the fatigue life of welded round HSS Y-joints. This thesis includes an intensive study on the fatigue life variability of HSS Y-joints in steel and aluminum structures. It also includes a detailed discussion with illustration of experimental fixturing, specimen fabrication, material characteristics, statistical analysis of fatigue testing results, a comparison of experimental failures to typical transportation sign support structure failures, and current design equations for fatigue life prediction. Observations made during the experimental effort illustrate the importance of material selection in the fatigue life of HSS Y-joints. All fabrication of components, besides the test specimens, and testing, besides metal composition tests were conducted by either myself or other Marquette University faculty and staff. ii Acknowledgments Much credit is due to Dr.
Position-based quantum cryptography and catalytic computation

In this thesis, we present several results along two different lines of research. The first part concerns the study of position-based quantum cryptography, a topic in quantum cryptography. By combining quantum mechanics with special relativity theory, new cryptographic tasks can be developed that use the causality constraints of relativity theory in a constructive way. Position-based cryptography is a type of cryptography that wants to use location as a credential, instead of (or in addition to) a secret key – for instance to create a protocol to send messages that can only be read at one specific location. In the second part we introduce a new notion of computation, catalytic computation, and study this new model within complexity theory. Catalytic computation is a computation that has a small amount of clean space available and is equipped with additional auxiliary space, with the caveat that the additional space is initially in an arbitrary, possibly incompressible, state and must be returned to this state when the computation is finished. The term ‘catalytic’ comes from chemistry, where it refers to a reactant which speeds up a chemical reaction but is not consumed – just like the extra space available to the computation.