Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The food and feeding habits of rocky reef fish of north-eastern New Zealand

Abstract The gut contents of 50 species of fish that inhabit coastal rocky reefs of north‐eastern New Zealand were examined. Most of the fish were collected in the vicinity of Goat Island, north of Auckland, by spearfishing, handlines, and rotenone. Food items in the gut were analysed by both percentage occurrence and percentage volume for each species. Their feeding habits are briefly described. An index of use (U), based on the intensity of predation and the number of fish taking the food, was calculated for each food type. The most important foods of rocky reef fishes (U≥0.1) were amphipods, crabs, fishes, gastropods, copepods, errant polychaetes, hermit crabs, and small bivalves. Most rocky reef fishes have broadly generalised feeding habits, and foods taken mainly reflect those organisms of suitable size that are abundant and most readily available. Notable exceptions are sponges, hydrozoans, anthozoans, bryozoans, and ascidians, which, although common, are probably largely unpalatable to fishes. Fis.
Soil temperatures and seed burial in relation to the performance of Heteropogon contortus and Themeda australis in burnt native woodland pastures in Eastern Queensland

The factors underlying the increasing dominance of Heteropogon contortus (bunch or black spear grass) as a result of regularly burning native pastures in eastern Queensland have been investigated. In the subtropical environment of this experiment the removal of ground cover by burning or other means significantly increased the average maximum temperature of the surface soil. Burning favoured the germination of buried H. contortus seed at a time when ambient temperatures were too low for this to occur in unburnt situations. In late seasons and in the seasonally dry tropics insufficient soil moisture would tend to limit growth and germination until ambient temperatures are high, in which case the burning effect would be less pronounced. The efficient seed burial mechanism of H. contortus places it at an establishment advantage over other commonly associated species such as blue grasses (Bothriochloa, Dichanthium) and others whose seeds remain largely in the surface litter. Fire destroys much of this litter, the microhabitat for seed germination at ground level, and some of the weaker perennial plants. The implications of these results in relation to the increased dominance of either H. contortus or Themeda australis (kangaroo grass) are discussed.
CpG methylation of the ERα# and ERβ genes in breast cancer

Aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands is known to be responsible for the alteration and silencing of genes in cancer. The data presented here describes that the CpG methylations of ERalpha and ERbeta are found in breast cancer tissues, and methylation exerts a considerable effect on gene silencing, investigated by bisulfite genomic sequencing and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Consequently, hypermethylation of the ERalpha and ERbeta genes was found in 66.0% and 50.0% of 50 breast cancers, respectively. Eleven of 50 samples (22.0%) did not show any methylation of either ERalpha or ERbeta, whereas 19 samples (38.0%) showed methylation of both ERalpha and ERbeta. The tumors that showed aberrant methylation of ERalpha and ERbeta did not express mRNA, compared with unmethylated cases (p < 0.01). The methylated case was negatively correlated with the expression of the ERalpha protein (p < 0.01). In addition, ERbeta methylation demonstrated significant associations with the lower level of Ki67 (9.36 +/- 2.43 versus 19.68 +/- 3.42, p = 0.02). Although the number of samples was relatively small, our results suggest that DNA methylation in ERalpha and ERbeta are present in breast cancer tissue, and that the methylation causes a significant effect on transcriptional silencing. Furthermore, the CpG methylation of the ERbeta gene seems to play a role in cell proliferation of breast cancer tissue.
Lipid Peroxide Levels in the Skin of the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse

Lipid peroxide levels in the skin of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) were examined in relation to the appearance of symptoms in the skin. In SAM-P/1 mice (accelerated senescence-prone mice), symptoms such as a decrease in hair glossiness and skin ulcers begin to be observable at 5-6 months of age, mainly in the skin of dorsal neck. Prior to the appearance of the skin symptoms, the lipid peroxide level in this region of the skin of SAM-P/1 mice was significantly higher than that of the corresponding region of SAM-R/1 mice (accelerated senescence-resistant mice). Lipid peroxide levels in the skin of dorsal neck tended to be in parallel with those in the serum in SAM-P/1 mice of 3-4 months of age. These results suggest that in SAM-P/1 mice lipid peroxides increased in the blood are transferred to the skin where they provoke degeneration of the cells followed by the appearance of skin lesions.
Size-related performance variation in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpole tactile-stimulated startle response

I described the initial response of the Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825 tadpole to predator contact, that is, the tactile-stimulated startle response (TSR). Because tadpole survival from predation increases with tadpole size and with exposure to chemical predator cues during development, I anticipated that TSR performance would vary accordingly among tadpoles. Startle responses were stimulated in a laboratory setting and filmed using high-speed video. This method allowed analysis of performance at fine spatial and temporal scales. Maximum acceleration performance increased with tadpole length, as did cumulative distance covered after the first 0.016 s of the response. In contrast, the cumulative distance covered during the initial instants of the response did not depend on tadpole size. Exposure to a predator cue (odor of the dragonfly naiad Anax junius (Drury, 1773)) during development had no effect on tadpole morphology. Predator-cue exposure negatively affected cumulative distance traveled after the first.
Distribution and reproductive biology of the blackchin guitarfish, Rhinobatos cemiculus (Pisces: Rhinobatidae), in Tunisian waters (central Mediterranean)

Aspects of the reproductive biology of Rhinobatos cemiculus are described from specimens collected in Tunisian waters. Sizes at first sexual maturity of males and females are 1000 mm and 1100 mm total length (TL), respectively. Adult females are generally larger than adult males, the maximum TL for males and females being 1920 mm and 2300 mm, respectively. The smallest gravid female observed was 1220 mm TL. R. cemiculus is an aplacental viviparous species, with each female having two ovaries and two uteri, both functional. Ripe oocytes in the ovaries, ova, embryos and fully developed fetuses in the uteri are symmetrically distributed. The gestation period could last for a maximum of eight months. Vitellogenesis proceeds in parallel with gestation, and at the time of parturition a crop of ripe oocytes is ready to be ovulated. Ovulation and parturition occur during winter and summer, respectively. There is probably one litter per year. The mean TL and mean weight of fully developed fetuses are 39.6 mm and 115.1 g, respectively. A computed chemical balance of development, based on the mean dry weights of fully developed fetuses and ripe oocytes, is 1.01. This low value is due to the fact that R. cemiculus is purely a lecithotrophic species. Fecundity ranges from 5 to 12 young per litter. Ovarian fecundity and uterine fecundity are slightly correlated with the size of females. Females are more numerous than males in the total sample, as well as in utero and at the juvenile stage; however, this is not the case for subadults and adults. This phenomenon is probably due to segregation of the sexes at different depths during certain stages of the reproductive cycle rather than to a high rate of mortality among subadult and adult females.
Effects of solar radiation on pigmentation and induction of a mycosporine-like amino acid in two cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. and Nostoc sp. ISC26

ABSTRACT The effect of filtered natural solar radiation, including photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and PAR+ultraviolet radiation (UVR), on pigmentation and synthesis of a UV absorbing ‘mycosporine-like amino acid’ (MAA) in two filamentous and heterocystous cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. and Nostoc sp. ISC26 was studied over 3 days. In Anabaena sp. and Nostoc sp. ISC26, chlorophyll a (chl a) content decreased after 72 h to 5.45 ± 0.09 and 7.01 ± 0.54 μg mg−1 DW respectively under PAR treatments; and to 4.33 ± 0.22, 6.12 ± 0.04 μg mg−1 DW in PAR+UV treatments, as did carotenoids (Car) (2.68 ± 0.01, 2.93 ± 0.01 μg mg−1 DW) (PAR), (2.53 ± 0.01, 2.57 ± 0.05 μg mg−1 DW) (PAR+UV). A considerable increase was observed in the carotenoid:chlorophyll a (Car/Chl a) ratio as a result of carotenoid accumulation in the first 24 h and reduction of chlorophyll in the following days. A single MAA was isolated, purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified as shinorine. Shinorine concentration increased significantly during 72 h specifically under PAR+UV (1270.8 ± 50.42, 2208.09 ± 73.04 nmol g−1 DW) in Anabaena sp. and Nostoc sp. ISC26, respectively, indicating an adaptation strategy of cyanobacteria against harmful solar short wavelength radiation especially in natural habitats.
Early post-fire changes in Pinus brutia forests (Amanos Mountains, Turkey)

Early post-fire changes in Pinus brutia forests (Amanos Mountains, Turkey) We studied the species composition and soil nutrients in a Pinus brutia forest after a fire that occurred in 1989. Four permanent plots were created in the burnt and not burnt areas in the Amanos Mountains of Turkey. The floristic richness, biological spectra, above ground phytomass and soil features in the study areas were assessed during the first three years after the fire. After the fire, we found a reduced amount of organic matter (14.3%), total nitrogen (22%) and soil water saturation (13.1%), but an increased amount of available phosphorus (71%), acidity (3.6%), cation exchange capacity (9.9%), exchangeable sodium (20.8%) and exchangeable potassium (37.1%). The aboveground phytomass in the burned area reached 5284 kg ha-1, the third year after the fire. Forty-six pre-fire species were renewed in the first three years after the fire. Juniperus oxycedrus could not renew within three years after the fire. Pine phytomass has increased five times within three years after the fire.
Artin Algebras of Finite Type and Finite Categories of Δ-Good Modules

We give an alternative proof to the fact that, if the square of the infinite radical of the module category of an Artin algebra is equal to zero, then the algebra is of finite type by making use of the theory of postprojective and preinjective partitions. Further, we use this new approach in order to get a characterization of finite subcategories of Δ-good modules of a quasi-hereditary algebra in terms of depth of morphisms similar to a recently obtained characterization of Artin algebras of finite type.
Activity patterns, home ranges and burrow use of aardvarks ( Orycteropus afer ) in the Karoo

Eight aardvarks Orycteropus afer were fitted with radio-transmitters at Tussen die Riviere Nature Reserve between June 1996 and December 1997. Two became habituated and could be approached to a distance of 1 m. Activity patterns, home ranges and burrow use were investigated using telemetry and direct observations. In winter, aardvarks emerged above ground earlier, returned to burrows earlier and were active for shorter periods than in summer. They were nocturnal except occasionally in winter when some individuals foraged above ground before sunset. Home ranges varied between 133 ha and 302 ha and range overlap occurred within and between both sexes. Densities were c. eight animals per 1000 ha. Aardvarks used steep slopes (>15°) less than would have been expected according to availability. Average lengths of consecutive burrow use for three aardvarks were 4.9, 6.9 and 8.6 days, with some burrows being abandoned after only 1 day and one burrow being used for 38 days.
Meta-Analysis of the Persuasive Effects of Metaphorical vs. Literal Messages

This study uses meta-analysis to compare the persuasive effects of metaphorical and literal messages and assess various theoretical explanations for the relatively greater persuasiveness of metaphor. The meta-analysis includes studies from 2001 to 2015 that use various message formats and topics. Results indicate an overall effect size of r = 0.09, p < . 001, 95% CI [0.06, 0.12], which supports the conclusion that metaphorical messages are more persuasive than literal messages. Moderator analyses indicate differences in effect sizes based on metaphor target familiarity, message topic, and message format. A meta-regression using the theoretical moderators indicates that message format was the strongest predictor of variation in effect size. This study provides implications related to the theoretical mechanism behind the greater persuasive effects of metaphor.
Food resources and cyprinid diet in permanent and temporary Mediterranean rivers with natural and regulated flow

This study addresses the differences in food availability, diet and feeding activity of the Iberian barbel, between permanent and temporary nonregulated rivers, and the effect of flow regulation on feeding parameters. A total of 267 adult barbels were seasonally collected in four nonregulated and regulated rivers from permanent and temporary basins, and their gut content was analysed. Locally available food sources were evaluated across sites and seasons. Barbels from the permanent nonregulated river exhibit a more variable and diversified diet in which invertebrates assumed a large importance, especially during high flows. Barbels from the temporary nonregulated river presented a more uniform diet composed of plant material and detritus, particularly in drought seasons. Flow regulation affected different flow components in both systems, but the effects on food resources and barbels' diet were similar, resulting in an intra-annual stabilisation of resource availability and fish diet, with a higher consumption of plants and detritus. Changes in fish diet and feeding activity in both nonregulated and regulated rivers were strongly associated with the seasonal variability of streamflow components, particularly between low- and high-flow periods, and with the reduction in flow variability in the case of dam regulation. Results from this study can be used to improve guidelines for flow requirement implementation.
Rank One Discrete Valuations of Power Series Fields

In this article we study rank one discrete valuations of the field k((X 1,…, X n )) whose center in k[[X 1,…, X n ]] is the maximal ideal. In Sections 2 to 6 we give a construction of a system of parametric equations describing such valuations. This amounts to finding a parameter and a field of coefficients. We devote Section 2 to finding an element of value 1, that is, a parameter. The field of coefficients is the residue field of the valuation, and it is given in Section 5. The constructions given in these sections are not effective in the general case, because we need either to use Zorn's lemma or to know explicitly a section σ of the natural homomorphism R v → Δ v between the ring and the residue field of the valuation v. However, as a consequence of this construction, in Section 7, we prove that k((X 1,…, X n )) can be embedded into a field L((Y 1,…, Y n )), where L is an algebraic extension of k and the “extended valuation” is as close as possible to the usual order function.
Doses e fontes alternativas de nitrogênio no milho sob plantio direto em solo arenoso

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de fontes e doses de nitrogenio (N) na nutricao e produtividade da cultura do milho, sob sistema plantio direto em solo arenoso. O experimento foi conduzido em um Neossolo Quartzarenico, no municipio de Cassilândia, MS. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, num esquema fatorial 3x4, com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos foram constituidos por tres fontes [ureia, ureia extrusada com produtos amilaceos (Amireia® 180S) e sulfonitrato de amonio com inibidor de nitrificacao 3,4-dimethilpirazolfosfato (Entec® 26)] e quatro doses (0, 45, 90 e 180 kg ha-1 de N) de N em cobertura, aplicado quando as plantas apresentavam quatro e seis folhas expandidas. A fonte de N utilizada afetou o teor de N, K e S na folha, mas nao interferiu nos componentes da producao e na produtividade da cultura do milho. A aplicacao de N na forma de Entec proporcionou maiores teores de N, K e S na folha do milho em relacao a ureia, principalmente nas maiores doses estudadas. A aplicacao de N em cobertura proporcionou aumento no numero espigas por planta, no numero de graos por espiga e na produtividade de graos, cultivada sob sistema plantio direto em solo arenoso, independentemente da fonte utilizada.
Effects of sulfur dioxide and ozone on Ulmus americana seedlings. I. Visible injury and growth

The effects of SO2 (2 ppm for 6 h), O3 (0.9 ppm for 5 h), and SO2–O3 mixtures (2 ppm SO2 and 0.9 ppm O3 for 5 h followed by SO2 for 1 h) were studied on injury and growth of 4-month-old, actively growing and quiescent Ulmus americana L. seedlings. In actively growing seedlings visible injury to leaves from SO2–O3 mixtures was evident within 24 h; from O3 within 36 to 48 h; and from SO2 within 48 h after fumigation ceased. Sulfur dioxide and SO2–O3 treatments reduced expansion of new leaves ( 1 cm long at time of fumigation) was markedly inhibited by all treatments; it was inhibited most by SO2–O3, an intermediate amount by SO2, and least by O3. Numbers of emerging leaves were significantly reduced by SO2, and by SO2–O3, but only at the end of the 1st week. After 5 weeks, stem dry weights were r.
The vocal repertoire of the cooperatively breeding Apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea)

Abstract The role of acoustic communication in facilitating social interactions and mediating cooperative behaviour has been highlighted by many studies. In the ‘social complexity hypothesis’ of communication, many more specialised signals are likely to evolve in social species where many individuals interact in multiple behaviours. However, before the function of vocalisations in these systems can be elucidated accurately, the characteristics and social context of each vocalisation must be determined. Apostlebirds (Struthidea cinerea) are a highly vocal and social species with an obligate cooperatively breeding life-history. In this study, we describe the environmental and behavioural context of the 17 most common calls from the vocal repertoire of a study population of Apostlebirds in north-western New South Wales. The vocalisations given by individuals ranged from simple, monosyllabic calls through to more complex calls with multiple syllables and frequency modulations. All these calls were broadly categorised as close-range, long-range, alarm context, or associated withnesting. Most call-types were given by both sexes, and by both breeders and helpers, including alarm calls that were given by both juveniles and adults. In contrast, calls given during inter-group interactions were predominantly by adults.
Effects of residual and reapplied biosolids on forage and soil concentrations over a grazing season in North Florida. II. Microminerals*

Effects of applications of exceptional quality biosolids (sludge) to bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures in successive years, or residual effects of applications the previous year, on micromineral status of forage and soils in north Florida were studied in relation to beef cattle requirements. Thirty 0.8 ha pastures were assigned one of 9 treatments representing three sources of biosolids. Two biosolids (Baltimore and Tampa) were applied at an “agronomic rate” (X) and 2X. Four of the treatments represented residual applications of Baltimore and Tampa biosolids which had been applied to pastures as in the previous year. The control plot received NH4NO3. Forages were analyzed for copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co) and selenium (Se), and soils were analyzed for Mehlich-l extractable Cu, Mn, and Zn. Forage Co, Cu, and Se concentrations were low and deficient in relation to beef cattle requirements for most of the grazing season. Forages receiving Tampa treatments had improved (P<0.05) Zn concentrations over the control at most sampling times, with this increase often seen in the Tampa residuals as well. Forage Mo concentrations were minute, and though some treatment effects were observed (P<0.05), there was no threat of toxic accumulations observed at any time. Forage Fe concentrations were improved over year one and Mn concentrations were high and adequate for grazing ruminants. Biosolids fertilization improved the extractable soil Zn status of some treatment groups, and extractable soil concentrations of treated pastures were generally adequate in Cu and Mn for plant growth. In relation to beef cattle requirements, the majority of forages were deficient in Co, Cu, Se, and Zn. *Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. R-07563.
LOCALIZATION OF C-MYC IN HL-60 CELLS, NEOPLASTIC AND NORMAL TISSUES : AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION STUDY

Our preliminary immunohistochemical examination revealed that c-myc protein was localized in the cytoplasm of both normal and neoplastic cells. This finding did not correlate with the reported nuclear localization of c-myc protein by other analyses. To clarify this discrepancy, we investigated whether the cytoplasmic localization of c-myc protein in our preliminary immunohistochemical studies reflects true physiological habitat of the protein or the results of an artifact which occurred during tissue processing. For the immunohistochemical localization of c-myc protein, rabbit antisera against synthetic peptides which correspond to a portion of c-myc were utilized. Fixation conditions were examined by varying the temperature, the salt concentration, as well as the duration of fixation. With conventional fixation conditions used for the routine immunohistochemical localization of proteins, such as fixation with a solution of 4% formaldehyde with low salt concentration at low temperature, the c-myc protein was found in the cytoplasm of HL-60 cells, some gastric carcinoma cells, intestinal crypt epithelial cells and spermatogonia in seminiferous tubules from human and regenerating hepatocytes from rat. Whereas, when these cells and tissues were fixed at 42°C with a fixative containing 4% formaldehyde and a high concentration of NaCl, the c-myc protein was found in the nuclei of these cells. These results suggest that during fixation the c-myc protein translocates from nucleus to cytoplasm. To prove that these c-myc proteins were the product of the cells, in situ hybridization of c-myc mRNA was carried out using dinitrophenyl labeled c-myc cDNA. The gastric carcinoma cells which contained c-myc protein in their nuclei were morphologically similar to those contained the c-myc mRNA. The co-existance of c-myc protein and c-myc mRNA suggests that the c-myc protein found in the nuclei was the product of the cell.
Multiple nonlinear regression of the Markovian arrival process for estimating the daily global solar radiation

Abstract Solar radiation is a global ecological phenomenon that affects life everywhere. In this study, a new statistical method, called the Quartiles-Moment's method, is proposed to estimate the scale and shape parameters of the exponentiated Gumbel maximum distribution (EGMD). The Kolomogorov–Smirnov test and the percentiles of the dataset are thus used to fit the dataset of the daily global solar radiation and the corresponding daily maximum temperature with EGMD. Thence, multiple nonlinear regression of the daily global solar radiation and the corresponding daily maximum temperature are produced and compared with the real dataset accordingly.