Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The verifiability approach to deception detection: A preregistered direct replication of the information protocol condition of Nahari, Vrij, and Fisher (2014b)

Nahari, Vrij, and Fischer (2014) found that, when participants were forewarned that their statements would be checked for verifiable details, truth tellers gave much more verifiable details than liars (d = 1.14 [95% CI: 0.49; 1.78]). In this direct replication (n = 72), all participants wrote a statement claiming they had carried out their regular campus activities, whereas liars had actually stolen an exam. Statements were coded for verifiable details. Our primary prediction was confirmed: Truth tellers provided significantly more verifiable details than liars (d = 0.50 [95% CI: 0.02; 0.98]). Our secondary predictions - that liars would provide more unverifiable details than truth tellers, and that truth tellers would have a higher verifiable to unverifiable ratio score than liars - were not confirmed. We hope this will stimulate other independent investigations of VA to tell whether or not coding for verifiability will pass Ockham´s razor test.
Abnormal Body Temperature in Patients with Severe TraumaticBrain Injury - A Predictor of Unfavourable Outcome

Citation: David Okon Udoh. , et al. “Abnormal Body Temperature in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury A Predictor of Unfavourable Outcome”. EC Neurology 12.12 (2020): 73-82. Abstract Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global cause of disability and mortality. Clinical research on the epidemiological profile of TBI is suboptimal in low resource settings. Early identification of the predictors of outcome may be crucial in the triage and management of these patients. This study sought the predictors of outcome among demographic, clinical and computerized tomography (CT) scan variables in a tertiary centre in Nigeria. David Okon Udoh*, Oduwa Aghahowa and Mojisola O Udoh Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery and Department of Morbid Anatomy, University of Benin and University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: David Okon Udoh, Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery and Department of Morbid Anatomy, University of Benin and University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Received: October 23, 2020; Published: November 28, 2020
Clinicoetiological and imaging profile of intracerebral haemorrhage in a tertiary care hospital of Western Odisha

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage has an annual incidence of 10-30/100,000 population, accounting for 2 million (10-15%) of about 15 million strokes worldwide each year. The outcome of ICH depends on the clinical presentation and radiological parameters. The objective of current study was to study the etiology, clinical patterns and imaging profile in patients of intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: All patients admitted in department of medicine, VIMSAR, Burla, with a diagnosis of ICH during a period of November 2017 to October 2019 were evaluated for their clinical presentation, etiology and radiological parameters. Results: A total of 105 patients with a diagnosis of ICH were included in the study. The sites of ICH were basal ganglia (49%) followed by lobar (19%), thalamus (14%), cerebellum (11%) and brain stem (8%). A pre-diagnosis of hypertension was present in 33% of the cases. Headache was the most common presenting symptom, present in 38.2% of patients followed by paralysis in 29.5%, vomiting in 27.6% and seizures in 20.9% of cases. Overall mortality rate was 39%. The mean GCS of patients who expired was 8.8 when compared to 11.28 of those patients who survived (p=0.00009). The mean hematoma size of patients who expired was 20.98 while that of those who survived was 17.41 (p=0.047). The presence of IVC was associated with mortality (p=0.006). Conclusions: A lower GCS at presentation and a mean hematoma volume >20 ml with intraventricular extension at presentation are associated with increased mortality in ICH.
Free lunch, structural violence, and normalization: A neo-Gramscian analysis of food waste and dumpster diving

Augmenting Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony with Johan Galtung’s concept of structural violence and using multiple data sources this study examines the structural phenomenon food waste and the agentic phenomenon dumpster diving. I derive my interpretations from an analysis of reports on food waste by international organizations, US media coverage of food waste, and interviews with dumpster divers. At the structural level, the analysis shows how international organizations and media frame food waste as an economic and environmental—rather than a social justice issue and how they reproduce hegemonic neoliberal conceptualizations and discourses of food and food waste. At the agentic level, the analysis shows how these hegemonic conceptualizations and discourses affect dumpster divers and how an environmental ideological motivation contains an anticapitalistic ideological motivation. Building on my neo-Gramscian analysis, I highlight the potential threat that environmental discourses might stabilize neoliberal hegemony by offering appealing consent-structures and contain more fundamental, social justice-based, critique of the neoliberal social order. To preserve its inherently critical and counter-hegemonic potential, I develop a conceptual model of food waste and discuss its relevance for critical management and organization studies.
Relative Biological Effectiveness Studies Using 3 MeV Proton Beam from Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach

Proton being the easiest light ion to accelerate and achieve desired beam profile, has been pursued as a popular particulate radiation for therapy applications. In the present study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 strain was used to estimate the RBE values of the 3 MeV proton beam, and an attempt was made to derive mathematical formula for calculating RBE value with respect to the dose. Dosimetry studies were carried out using Fricke dosimetry and Semiconductor Surface Barrier detector to calibrate the absorbed doses of Gamma chamber-1200 and Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator respectively. Gold standard cell survival assay and gene conversion assay were used to compare gamma and proton radiation induced cell death and genetic endpoint. Multi target single hit model was used to derive mathematical formula for RBE estimation. The results show a linear survival-dose response after proton radiation and sigmoid survival-dose response after gamma radiation treatment. The calculated RBE value from the survival and gene conversion studies was 1.60 and 3.93, respectively. The derived mathematical formula is very useful in calculating RBE value, which varies from 3.61 to 1.80 with increasing dose. The estimated RBE value from the mathematical formula is comparable with the experimental values. With the help of the present mathematical formulation, RBE value at any dose can be calculated in the exponential and sigmoidal regions of the survival curve without actually extending the experiment in that dose region, which is not possible using conventional methods.
Global Indicators of X-ray Data Quality

Global indicators of the quality of diffraction data are presented and discussed, and are evaluated in terms of their performance with respect to various tasks. Based on the results obtained, it is suggested that some of the conventional indicators still in use in the crystallographic community should be abandoned, such as the nominal resolution dmin or the merging R factor Rmerge, and replaced by more objective and more meaningful numbers, such as the effective optical resolution deff,opt and the redundancy-independent merging R factor Rr.i. m. Furthermore, it is recommended that the precision-indicating merging R factor Rp.i. m. should be reported with every diffraction data set published, because it describes the precision of the averaged measurements, which are the quantities normally used in crystallography as observables.
Patient-reported outcome measures after mitral valve repair: a comparison between minimally invasive and sternotomy.

OBJECTIVES To compare patient-reported outcome measures of minimally invasive (MI) to sternotomy (ST) mitral valve repair. METHODS We included all patients undergoing isolated mitral valve surgery via either a right mini-thoracotomy (MI) or ST over a 36-month period. Patients were asked to complete a modified Composite Physical Function questionnaire. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, and patient-reported outcome measures were compared between 2 propensity-matched groups (n = 47/group), assessing 3 domains: 'Recovery Time', 'Postoperative Pain' (at day 2 and 1, 3, 6 and 12 weeks) and 'Treatment Satisfaction'. Composite scores for each domain were subsequently constructed and multivariable analysis was used to determine whether surgical approach was associated with domain scores. RESULTS The response rate was 79%. There was no mortality in either group. In the matched groups, operative times were longer in the MI group (P < 0.001), but postoperative outcomes were similar. Composite scores for Recovery Time [ST 51.7 (31.8-62.1) vs MI 61.7 (43.1-73.9), P = 0.03] and Pain [ST 65.7 (40.1-83.1) vs MI 79.1 (65.5-89.5), P = 0.02] significantly favoured the MI group. Scores in the Treatment Satisfaction domain were high for both surgical approaches [ST 100 (82.5-100) vs MI 100 (95.0-100), P = 0.15]. The strongest independent predictor of both faster recovery parameter estimate 12.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.7-18.3, P < 0.001] and less pain parameter estimate 7.6 (95% CI 0.7-14.5, P = 0.03) was MI surgery. CONCLUSIONS MI surgery was associated with faster recovery and less pain; treatment satisfaction and safety profiles were similar.
Evaluating interviewer manipulation in the new round of the Generations and Gender Survey

Background: Past research has criticized the quality of the Generations and Gender Survey retrospective fertility and partnership histories. For example, fatigue and learning effects were deemed responsible for distortions in the Generations and Gender Survey in Germany. Objective: We assess the quality of the Generations and Gender Survey for Belarus (GGS-BL) in 2017 to assess whether the new centralized fieldwork system and monitoring procedures are effective in preventing distortions in life history data. Methods: We conduct a range of analyses to find evidence of fatigue and learning effects on the part of both interviewers and respondents. Multilevel models, comparison of crucial indicators with other sources, and descriptive analysis of item-nonresponse are used. Results: In a preliminary analysis, we find no evidence of severe distortions. An in-depth analysis into interviewer and respondent effects reveals some small signs of possible manipulation. However, when assessing the impact of anomalous interviewers on the indicators more likely to be affected, we find no evidence of harm to data quality. Conclusions: The new data collection procedure adopted by the Generations and Gender Survey seems to be effective in preventing detectable manipulation and fabrication. Furthermore, we dismiss the hypothesis that fatigue and learning effects are a source of bias in the collection of life history data. Contribution: This paper delivers three key messages: (1) the Generations and Gender Survey for Belarus is a reliable source for retrospective histories, (2) in-field checks are an effective tool to prevent fabrication, and (3) extensive use of inexperienced interviewers does not seem to harm data quality when adequate monitoring and monitoring is in place.
Dynamic treatment of chemisorbed species by means of infra-red technique. Mechanism of decomposition of formic acid over alumina and silica

A new dynamic approach to study chemisorbed species during the course of catalytic reaction was applied to the catalytic dehydration of formic acid over alumina and silica gel. Formic acid is chemisorbed on alumina surface and dissociates to formate ion and a proton. Formate ions on the alumina do not decompose directly to the reaction products and a fraction desorbs rapidly by exchange with formic acid. The rate of the reaction over the alumina is proportional to the number of protons from the dissociative adsorption of formic acid on the alumina surface, and also to the partial pressure of formic acid. Consequently, the decomposition proceeds between formic acid molecules and the surface protons supplied from the dissociative adsorption of formic acid, i.e., protons from formic acid behave as he reaction sites on the catalyst surface, while the formate ion on the catalyst surface does not behave as the reaction intermediate. For the formic acid dehydration on a silica gel, the adsorption of formic acid on silica gel is non-dissociative, and the rate of the decomposition is proportional to the pressure of formic acid and is independent of the amount of formic acid adsorbed. The silica gel treated with methanol to methoxylate its surface OH to OCH3 had no catalytic activity for the decomposition, which suggests that the surface OH is the reaction site for the decomposition. It is, accordingly, concluded that the decomposition of formic acid on the dehydrating metal oxide catalysts proceeds via the protonic sites on the surface, as with sulphuric acid in the liquid phase.
Response of Zweigelt Grapevine to Foliar Application of Potassium Fertilizer: Effects on Gas Exchange, Leaf Potassium Content, and Incidence of Traubenwelke

ABSTRACT Zweigelt grapes have recently become susceptible to infestation with Traubenwelke (grape wilting) and the susceptibility has been assumed to be related to potassium (K) deficiency. The aim of the studies was to determine the effects of foliar application of K on leaf K content, leaf gas exchange, and on infestation of grapes with Traubenwelke. Three foliar fertilizers of K (Agripotash, 27.4% K; Nutrileaf, 33.2% K; and KNO3, 38.7% K) and one of magnesium (Mg) (Agrovit Mg, 4.8% Mg) were tested on grapevines (Vitis vinifera, L. cv. ‘Zweigelt’) in field studies in 2003 and 2004. Foliar analysis showed that the tested foliar fertilizers had no effect on leaf K content in either year. Furthermore, the frequency of infestation with grape wilting was not reduced by K fertilizers. Measurements of leaf gas exchange in 2004 showed that all fertilizer treatments reduced photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) compared with the untreated control.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Integrated Methods: A Case Study in the Chittagong Hilly Areas, Bangladesh

Landslide susceptibility mapping is of critical importance to identify landslide-prone areas to reduce future landslides, causalities, and infrastructural damages. This paper presents landslide susceptibility maps at a regional scale for the Chittagong Hilly Areas (CHA), Bangladesh. The frequency ratio (FR) was integrated with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) (FR_AHP) and logistic regression (LR) (FR_LR). A landslide inventory of 730 landslide locations and 13 landslide predisposing factors including elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), land use/land cover, rainfall, distance from drainage network, distance from fault lines, lithology, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used. Landslide locations were randomly split into training (80%) and validation (20%) sites to support the susceptibility analysis. A safe zone was determined based on a slope threshold for logistic regression using the exploratory data analysis. The same number of non-landslide locations were randomly selected from the safe zone to train the model (FR_LR). Success and prediction rate curves and statistical indices, including overall accuracy, were used to assess model performance. The success rate curves show that FR_LR showed the highest area under the curve (AUC) (79.46%), followed by the FR_AHP (77.15%). Statistical indices also showed that the FR_LR model gave the best performance as the overall accuracy was 0.86 for training and 0.82 for validation datasets. The prediction rate curve shows similar results. The correlation analysis shows that the landslide susceptibility maps produced by FR and FR_AHP are highly correlated (0.95). In contrast, the correlation between the maps produced by FR and FR_LR was relatively lower (0.85). It indicates that the three models are highly convergent with each other. This study’s integrated methods would be helpful for regional-scale landslide susceptibility mapping, and the landslide susceptibility maps produced would be useful for regional planning and disaster management of the CHA, Bangladesh.
Trading water: virtual water flows through interstate cereal trade in India

Cereals are an important component of the Indian diet, providing 47% of the daily dietary energy intake. Dwindling groundwater reserves in India especially in major cereal-growing regions are an increasing challenge to national food supply. An improved understanding of interstate cereal trade can help to identify potential risks to national food security. Here, we quantify the trade between Indian states of five major cereals and the associated trade in virtual (or embedded) water. To do this, we modelled interstate trade of cereals using Indian government data on supply and demand; calculated virtual water use of domestic cereal production using state- and product-specific water footprints and state-level data on irrigation source; and incorporated virtual water used in the production of internationally-imported cereals using country-specific water footprints. We estimate that 40% (94 million tonnes) of total cereal food supply was traded between Indian states in 2011–12, corresponding to a trade of 54.0 km3 of embedded blue water, and 99.4 km3 of embedded green water. Of the cereals traded within India, 41% were produced in states with over-exploited groundwater reserves (defined according to the Central Ground Water Board) and a further 21% in states with critically depleting groundwater reserves. Our analysis indicates a high dependency of Indian cereal consumption on production in states with stressed groundwater reserves. Substantial changes in agricultural practices and land use may be required to secure future production, trade and availability of cereals in India. Diversifying production systems could increase the resilience of India’s food system.
Mathematical analysis of static and dynamic three-dimensional models of thermo-electro-magneto-elastic solids

This paper is devoted to the investigation of three-dimensional models of thermo-electro-magneto-elastic solids made of a multidomain inhomogeneous anisotropic material. General boundary and initial boundary value problems corresponding to the static and dynamic models are studied where, on certain parts of the boundary, mechanical displacement, electric and magnetic potentials and temperature vanish and, on the corresponding remaining parts of the boundary, the mechanical stress vector and components of the electric displacement, magnetic induction and heat flux along the outward normal vector of the boundary are given. Variational formulations of the boundary and initial boundary value problems are obtained and, applying them, existence and uniqueness results and the continuous dependence of solutions on given data, in suitable factor spaces of Sobolev spaces or spaces of vector-valued distributions, are proved.
Provenance and Weathering of Clays Delivered to the Bay of Bengal During the Middle Miocene: Linkages to Tectonics and Monsoonal Climate

Tectonics and regional monsoon strength control weathering and erosion regimes of the watersheds feeding into the Bay of Bengal, which are important contributors to global climate evolution via carbon cycle feedbacks. The detailed mechanisms controlling the input of terrigenous clay to the Bay of Bengal on tectonic to orbital timescales are, however, not yet well understood. We produced orbital‐scale resolution geochemical records for International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1443 (southern Bay of Bengal) across five key climatic intervals of the middle to late Miocene (15.8–9.5 Ma). Our new radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope time series of clays transported to the Ninetyeast Ridge suggest that the individual contributions from different erosional sources overall remained remarkably consistent during the Miocene despite major tectonic reorganizations in the Himalayas. On orbital timescales, however, high‐resolution data from the five investigated intervals show marked fluctuations of all three isotope systems. Interestingly, the variability was much higher within the Miocene Climatic Optimum (around 16–15 Ma) and across the major global cooling (~13.9–13.8 Ma) until ~13.5 Ma, than during younger time intervals. This change is attributed to a major restriction on the supply of High Himalayan erosion products due to migration of the peak precipitation area toward the frontal domains of the Himalayas and the Indo‐Burman Ranges. The transient excursions of the radiogenic isotope signals on orbital timescales most likely reflect climatically driven shifts in monsoon strength.
Utilization and associated factors of sexual and reproductive health services among adolescents of Kathmandu district, Nepal

Adolescence refers to the transition period between the age 10 and 19 years or transition from childhood to adulthood which is characterized by physical, cognitive, behavioral, physiological and social changes. Physical transition/changes comprises of voice, appearance and sexual activeness. Psychological transition/changes comprise of individual thinking. Social transition/changes where they begin to give some thought about their rights. Behavioral transition/changes comprises of sentimental sentiments, mood swings, self-consciousness and cognitive transition/changes where they question authority and express their personal opinions.
A two-level deep learning approach for emotion recognition in Arabic news headlines

ABSTRACT Going online has created more opportunities for newspapers to present breaking news in a timely manner. Concentrating in spreading more bad news increases the feeling of danger and depression in the society. Some authors believe on tendency of some media to be focused on sharing the bad events in life rather than the good ones because of the impact and the attraction over the audience is more significant. Sentiment analysis work has not been recognized, proposed, or documented on Arabic news because of the challenges that Arabic raises as a language including the different Arabs' dialects and its complex grammatical structure. With the emerging flow of news that cause a global panic and anxiety worldwide, this study focuses on the serious need to identify what effective role could machine learning classifiers have in the early detection process of the psychology impact on the readers by the daily news headlines. In this work, a dataset of news headlines were gathered from top popular online Arabic news sites and were annotated to seven emotional categories: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutral, sadness, and surprise. A convolutional neural network-based two-level approach was proposed for sentiment classification. The performance of the proposed approach was compared to six machine learning classifiers (zeroR, k-nearest neighbor, decision trees, naïve Bayes, random forest and Support vector machine) and showed better accuracy, precision, and recall.