Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acknowledging Alternative Perceptions of Success Among Internally Displaced Female Entrepreneurs: An Intersectional Perspective

This study addresses the misrepresentation of women entrepreneurs in scientific research as underperformers, as such misrepresentation is based on objective, financial measures of success. The purpose of the study is to explain how perceptions of entrepreneurial success are shaped with regard to the context of internally (i.e., not internationally) displaced people (IDPs) by looking at female Palestinian entrepreneurs who run businesses in the West Bank region of Palestine. To this end, the subjective nature of success is demonstrated with reference to the critical realist positional approach to intersectionality, which emphasises how disadvantage and privilege are perceived in light of the entrepreneur’s circumstances (transfactuality) and how success is shaped by overlapping identity categorisations of gender, ethnicity, and social class (intersectionality), the historical and contemporary influence of patriarchy and military occupation (temporal positionality), and a city or a refugee camp as a business location (spatial positionality). The results of this study, which emerge from data collected from a sample of female IDP Palestinian entrepreneurs, encourage policymakers and financial institutions to acknowledge and appreciate alternative, non-financial measures of success in their decisions to support these entrepreneurs, who can have a significant impact on the well-being of their society, even absent significant financial success.
How does an Environmental Amenity Attract Voluntary Migrants? Evidence from Ambient Air Quality in China

Recent studies have shown that air quality is an important amenity for population relocation in China. However, much of Chinese internal migration occurs due to non-discretionary reasons, such as government policies, family considerations, and military personnel reassignments. As such, estimates of the impact of environmental amenities on migration that do not control for migration reasons may be biased. Using the 2015 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper estimates the impact of ambient air pollution on voluntary migration to other provinces for work. We find that more polluted days (air quality index (AQI) > 150) at the original residence leads to a significant increase in labor out-migration to a province with better air quality, providing evidence of the current migration trend leading to declining populations in China’s megacities. Our findings indicate that environmental migration is more favored among households that are less educated, are older, work overtime, and have lower income, suggesting that environmental migration may result from environmental health inequalities in socially disadvantaged families.
Asymptotic study of the electric double layer at the interface of a polyelectrolyte gel and solvent bath

An asymptotic framework is developed to study electric double layers that form at the interface between a solvent bath and a polyelectrolyte gel that can undergo phase separation. The kinetic model for the gel accounts for the finite strain of polyelectrolyte chains, free energy of internal interfaces, and Stefan–Maxwell diffusion. By assuming that the thickness of the double layer is small compared to the typical size of the gel, matched asymptotic expansions are used to derive electroneutral models with consistent jump conditions across the gel-bath interface in twodimensional plane-strain as well as fully three-dimensional settings. The asymptotic framework is then applied to cylindrical gels that undergo volume phase transitions. The analysis indicates that Maxwell stresses are responsible for generating large compressive hoop stresses in the double layer of the gel when it is in the collapsed state, potentially leading to localised mechanical instabilities that cannot occur when the gel is in the swollen state. When the energy cost of internal interfaces is sufficiently weak, a sharp transition between electrically neutral and charged regions of the gel can occur. This transition truncates the double layer and causes it to have finite thickness. Moreover, phase separation within the double layer can occur. Both of these features are suppressed if the energy cost of internal interfaces is sufficiently high. Thus, interfacial free energy plays a critical role in controlling the structure of the double layer in the gel.
SIMULATION NUMERIQUE D’UN SOLITON DEFERLANT AVEC OPENFOAM

Dans la suite des travaux de X. Lu [Lu, 2016], l’objectif de ce papier traite de l’impact d’un soliton sur des structures côtieres. L’étude actuelle a été réalisée via le logiciel OpenFOAM, en utilisant une méthode Volume of Fluid resolvant deux phases incompressibles et immiscibles (Solveur interFoam). Dans une premier partie, nous avons étudié la faisablite d’un tel travail avec le logiciel OpenFOAM. Pour ce faire, le transport et le rebond d’une vague solitaire non deferlante ont été validés. Nous avons vérifié la conservation de l’amplitude de l’onde au cours du temps et comparé nos résultats avec la théorie de Boussinesq. Nous comparons enfin la hauteur d’eau maximale obtenue sur le mur par interFoam avec différentes données analytiques et numeriques. Dans la seconde partie, l’impact d’une vague solitaire déferlante est traité. Notre souhait étant de trouver les cas d’impacts parmi les plus intenses, nous nous sommes focalisés dans un premier temps sur le cas de ”air pocket impact”. Ensuite nous avons comparé l’evolution de la surface libre, les formes des vagues lors des impacts et enfin les pressions d’impact avec les resultats expérimentaux de Kimmoun et al. [Kimmoun et al., 2009] et numériques de Lu [Lu, 2016] utilisant la méthode SPH.
The role of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in staging and restaging of patients with uterine sarcomas: a systematic review

To evaluate the role of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG-PET/CT) in staging and in detecting recurrence in uterine sarcomas (US), a systematic review was performed on PubMed and Medline, for studies reporting the diagnostic performance of F-FDG-PET/CT, 16a-F-fluoro-17b-estradiol (F-FES)-PET/CT, 30-deoxy-30-[F]-fluorothymidine (F-FLT)-PET, conventional imaging (CT, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography) in staging or in detecting recurrence/post therapy surveillance in US published up to October 2018. Out of 70 studies initially identified, 39 articles were chosen concerning the role of F-FDG-PET/CT in staging and restaging in US, combined with other PET tracers or conventional imaging. To date, the preoperative evaluation of US is problematic. However, there is some evidence in favor of the use of F-FDG-PET/CT in association with the study of certain clinicopathological factors, and metabolic parameters that showed good accuracy in the staging of US. This helps the stratification of patients according to the identified risk, contributing to avoid unnecessary surgery. Whereas, the majority of the studies included in this review article showed that F-FDG-PET/CT is an accurate method for the detection and localization of local and distant relapses in patients affected by US, especially when combined conventional imaging and immunohistochemical analysis. This combination had a good impact on clinical decision making of these patients. All the PET study results reported in this review have demonstrated the possible use of PET/CT in order to improve the assessment of this rare disease for the initial staging, therapeutic planning and subsequent follow-up. Given the small body of literature concerning this topic, further and larger studies are, therefore, an essential next step in confirming the value of this promising imaging tool.
A Functional Non-Dairy Beverage Produced from Jujube Extract Using Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria

In this research, production of a probiotic drink based on jujube extract by means of fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii as probiotic lactic acid bacteria was studied. The fermentation was performed for 72 hours at 37°C. The changes in microbial population, pH and titratable acidity as well as sugar and organic acid metabolism during the fermentation period were evaluated. In addition, before and after fermentation, the changes in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in the extract were also investigated. Eventually, different drink formulations were developed employing fermented and non-fermented jujube extract, carbonatation, and sour cherry concentrate. Then, sensory properties of the formulated drinks were evaluated. Appropriate growth of L. plantarum and L.delbruckii resulted in an increase in acidity to 1.86 and 1.75, and a decline in pH to 3.4 and 3.56, respectively, after 72 hours. Glucose and fructose were significantly consumed by the strains. Citric acid concentration dropped to 1.12 and 5.8 g L in the extract fermented by L. plantarum and L. delbrueckii, respectively, after 72 hours. At the end of fermentation, 23.8 and 11.4 g L lactic acid was produced by L. plantarum and L. Delbrueckii, respectively. The contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in jujube extract after fermentation were significantly increased.The results of sensory evaluation of different drink formulations showed that the carbonated drink containing jujube extract fermented by L.plantarum mixed with sour cherry concentrate obtained the highest score among different drink
Genre Analysis of ELT and Psychological Academic Written Discourse Through Introduction

Since Swales’ (1981, 1990) CARS (Create a Research Space) model work on the move structure of research articles, studies on genre analysis have been carried out amongst which works on different parts of research articles in various disciplines have gained a considerable literature. This study aims to investigate the rhetorical structure of the Introduction sections of articles in two fields of English Language Teaching (ELT) and psychology based upon two corpora. Each corpus contains 25 research articles related specifically to the field under study. This study initially identified the structural organization of the Introduction sections of the articles. The results revealed that both corpora contained the moves proposed in CARS model and almost no significant differences were observed in the move structures of articles in the afore-mentioned fields. Therefore, there is a considerable tendency for both ELT and psychology to use CARS model. The findings from the analysis could provide linguistic researchers in Foreign Language Teaching (FLT) with a holistic and unitary methodology as an authentic model of language in use through enriching their understandings and knowledge about the true nature and organization of different disciplines.
The Relat ionship Between Nominal Wage and Price Flexibil i ty: New Evidence

The frequencies at which prices and wages are adjusted, interpreted as price and wage flexibility, are key elements in workhorse models used for policy analysis. Yet, there is little evidence regarding the relationship between these two sources of nominal rigidities. Using two large and highly disaggregated price and wage microdata sets, this paper provides evidence that the industries changing more frequently wages reset prices more often. Once the frequency of wage adjustments is accounted for, the share of labor costs becomes less relevant in explaining the frequency of price changes, calling for a reinterpretation on previous findings that the labor share is a robust determinant of the frequency of price adjustments. The results in this study have implications for New Keynesian models' microfoundations, as their predictions have proven to be sensitive to the nominal rigidities assumptions.
The Impact of Increased Access to Telemedicine

We estimate the impact of increased access to telemedicine following widespread adoption during the March–April 2020 COVID-19 lockdown period. We focus on the post-lockdown period, which was characterized by near-complete reopening. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we compare primary care episodes before and after the lockdown between patients with high and low access to telemedicine, as defined by their primary care physician adoption. Our results show that access to telemedicine leads to slightly more primary care visits but lower spending. Visits involve fewer prescriptions and more follow-ups, but we find no evidence of missed diagnoses or adverse outcomes. Results suggest telemedicine does not compromise care quality or raise costs.
Don’t Take It Literally: An Edit-Invariant Sequence Loss for Text Generation

Neural text generation models are typically trained by maximizing log-likelihood with the sequence cross entropy (CE) loss, which encourages an exact token-by-token match between a target sequence with a generated sequence. Such training objective is sub-optimal when the target sequence is not perfect, e.g., when the target sequence is corrupted with noises, or when only weak sequence supervision is available. To address the challenge, we propose a novel Edit-Invariant Sequence Loss (EISL), which computes the matching loss of a target n-gram with all n-grams in the generated sequence. EISL is designed to be robust to various noises and edits in the target sequences. Moreover, the EISL computation is essentially an approximate convolution operation with target n-grams as kernels, which is easy to implement and efficient to compute with existing libraries. To demonstrate the effectiveness of EISL, we conduct experiments on a wide range of tasks, including machine translation with noisy target sequences, unsupervised text style transfer with only weak training signals, and non-autoregressive generation with non-predefined generation order. Experimental results show our method significantly outperforms the common CE loss and other strong baselines on all the tasks. EISL has a simple API that can be used as a drop-in replacement of the CE loss: https://github.com/guangyliu/EISL.
On Quantum Entropy

Quantum physics, despite its intrinsically probabilistic nature, lacks a definition of entropy fully accounting for the randomness of a quantum state. For example, von Neumann entropy quantifies only the incomplete specification of a quantum state and does not quantify the probabilistic distribution of its observables; it trivially vanishes for pure quantum states. We propose a quantum entropy that quantifies the randomness of a pure quantum state via a conjugate pair of observables/operators forming the quantum phase space. The entropy is dimensionless, it is a relativistic scalar, it is invariant under canonical transformations and under CPT transformations, and its minimum has been established by the entropic uncertainty principle. We expand the entropy to also include mixed states. We show that the entropy is monotonically increasing during a time evolution of coherent states under a Dirac Hamiltonian. However, in a mathematical scenario, when two fermions come closer to each other, each evolving as a coherent state, the total system’s entropy oscillates due to the increasing spatial entanglement. We hypothesize an entropy law governing physical systems whereby the entropy of a closed system never decreases, implying a time arrow for particle physics. We then explore the possibility that as the oscillations of the entropy must by the law be barred in quantum physics, potential entropy oscillations trigger annihilation and creation of particles.
The 2019 International Women's Day event: A two-step solar flare with multiple eruptive signatures and low Earth impact

Context. We present a detailed analysis of an eruptive event that occurred on 2019 March 8 in the active region AR 12734, which we refer as the International Women’s Day event. The event under study is intriguing based on several aspects: (1) low-coronal eruptive signatures come in ‘pairs’, namely, there is a double-peaked ﬂare, two coronal dimmings, and two extreme ultraviolet (EUV) waves; (2) Our reveal a two-stage C1.3 ﬂare, associated with two EUV waves that occur in close succession and two-stage coronal dimmings that evolve co-temporally with the ﬂare and type II and III radio bursts. Despite its small GOES class, a clear drop magnetic free energy and helicity is observed during the ﬂare. White light observations do not indicate two separate CMEs, but rather a single entity most likely composed of two sheared and twisted structures corresponding to the two observed in the low corona. The corresponding interplanetary signatures are that of a small ﬂux rope swith indications of strong interactions with the ambient plasma, which result in a negligible geomagnetic impact. is, the location of heliospheric current sheet between the AR and the Earth, is likely to inﬂuence propagation, along with the evolution of the erupted structure(s).
Toward a Better Understanding of Cosmic Chronometers: Stellar Population Properties of Passive Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift

We take advantage of the publicly available LEGA-C spectroscopic survey to measure the stellar population properties of 140 individual massive and passive galaxies at z ∼ 0.7. We develop and publicly release PyLick, a flexible Python code to measure UV to near-IR spectral indices. With PyLick we study the H/K ratio as a new diagnostic based on the pseudo-Lick Ca ii H and K indices and find that a cut in H/K < 1.1 can be used jointly with other criteria to select (or verify the purity of) samples of passive galaxies. By combining photometric and spectroscopic criteria, we select a reliable sample of passively evolving galaxies. We constrain single-burst stellar ages, metallicities [Z/H], and [α/Fe] with an optimized set of Lick indices, exploring in detail the robustness of our measurement against different combinations. Even without imposing cosmological priors, the derived ages follow a clear trend compatible with the expected cosmological aging of the universe. We observe no significant redshift evolution for the metal abundance with respect to the values derived at z = 0, with median [Z/H] = 0.08 ± 0.18 and [α/Fe] = 0.13 ± 0.11. Finally, we analyze the relations between log age, [Z/H], [α/Fe], and the stellar velocity dispersion, finding slopes of (0.5 ± 0.1), (0.3 ± 0.2), and (0.2 ± 0.1), respectively; the small scatter of <0.2 dex points to rather homogeneous and short star formation histories. Overall, these results confirm and extend low-redshift findings of a mass-downsizing evolution. This work further strengthens the possibility of selecting pure samples of passive galaxies to be exploited reliably as cosmic chronometers to place independent cosmological constraints.
On the Interaction of Belief Bias and Explanations

A myriad of explainability methods have been proposed in recent years, but there is little consensus on how to evaluate them. While automatic metrics allow for quick benchmarking, it isn't clear how such metrics reflect human interaction with explanations. Human evaluation is of paramount importance, but previous protocols fail to account for belief biases affecting human performance, which may lead to misleading conclusions. We provide an overview of belief bias, its role in human evaluation, and ideas for NLP practitioners on how to account for it. For two experimental paradigms, we present a case study of gradient-based explainability introducing simple ways to account for humans' prior beliefs: models of varying quality and adversarial examples. We show that conclusions about the highest performing methods change when introducing such controls, pointing to the importance of accounting for belief bias in evaluation.
INN: A Method Identifying Clean-annotated Samples via Consistency Effect in Deep Neural Networks

In many classification problems, collecting massive clean-annotated data is not easy, and thus a lot of researches have been done to handle data with noisy labels. Most recent state-of-art solutions for noisy label problems are built on the small-loss strategy which exploits the memorization effect. While it is a powerful tool, the memorization effect has several drawbacks. The performances are sensitive to the choice of a training epoch required for utilizing the memorization effect. In addition, when the labels are heavily contaminated or imbalanced, the memorization effect may not occur in which case the methods based on the small-loss strategy fail to identify clean labeled data. We introduce a new method called INN(Integration with the Nearest Neighborhoods) to refine clean labeled data from training data with noisy labels. The proposed method is based on a new discovery that a prediction pattern at neighbor regions of clean labeled data is consistently different from that of noisy labeled data regardless of training epochs. The INN method requires more computation but is much stable and powerful than the small-loss strategy. By carrying out various experiments, we demonstrate that the INN method resolves the shortcomings in the memorization effect successfully and thus is helpful to construct more accurate deep prediction models with training data with noisy labels.
Propiedades químicas de tés de vermicompost* Chemical properties of vermicompost "teas"

This researchs objective intend to bound some chemical characteristics of "teas" with the source of vermicompost used in the extraction, the vermicompost- water relationship and incubation time. As for the evaluation parameters we considered the electrical conductivity (EC), pH and nutrient concentration. The brand or origin of vermicompost had significant effect on pH, EC and nutrient concentrations; the extracted teas from grazing vermicompost and sheep and cattle manures held the highest values of pH (7.74) and EC (4.58 ds m -1 ) and macronutrients (except P and Mg) and micronutrients as well. The higher the vermicompost-water content, the pH, EC and nutrient concentration increases. The incubation time modified a few qualities, at 8, 16 and 24 h, pH was 7.32, 7.72 and 7.79 accordingly and, the EC was increased 7% at 24 h (3.52, 3.68 and 3.77.) Nutrient concentrations did not exhibit the same tenor.
Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE). I. Coronal Heating

The Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE) is a proposed mission composed of a multislit extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrograph (in three spectral bands around 171 Å, 284 Å, and 108 Å) and an EUV context imager (in two passbands around 195 Å and 304 Å). MUSE will provide unprecedented spectral and imaging diagnostics of the solar corona at high spatial (≤0.″5) and temporal resolution (down to ∼0.5 s for sit-and-stare observations), thanks to its innovative multislit design. By obtaining spectra in four bright EUV lines (Fe ix 171 Å, Fe xv 284 Å, Fe xix–Fe xxi 108 Å) covering a wide range of transition regions and coronal temperatures along 37 slits simultaneously, MUSE will, for the first time, “freeze” (at a cadence as short as 10 s) with a spectroscopic raster the evolution of the dynamic coronal plasma over a wide range of scales: from the spatial scales on which energy is released (≤0.″5) to the large-scale (∼170″ × 170″) atmospheric response. We use numerical modeling to showcase how MUSE will constrain the properties of the solar atmosphere on spatiotemporal scales (≤0.″5, ≤20 s) and the large field of view on which state-of-the-art models of the physical processes that drive coronal heating, flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) make distinguishing and testable predictions. We describe the synergy between MUSE, the single-slit, high-resolution Solar-C EUVST spectrograph, and ground-based observatories (DKIST and others), and the critical role MUSE plays because of the multiscale nature of the physical processes involved. In this first paper, we focus on coronal heating mechanisms. An accompanying paper focuses on flares and CMEs.