Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell Phone Addiction in Adolescents: A Narrative Review

This narrative review on cell phone (smart phone) addiction in adolescents is based on papers published during the years 2014-2020 that appeared on PubMed and PsycINFO. The prevalence of cell phone addiction has varied widely across countries as have the scales for that addiction. Cell phone addiction effects include psychological problems (loneliness, depression, social anxiety), physical problems (sleep disturbance, hypertension) and problematic behaviors (sexting, substance use). Risk factors/predictors include parental cell phone addiction, Internet addiction, gaming, and fear of missing out. Methodological limitations include the lack of a standard cell phone addiction classification and the reliance on self-report questionnaires that often do not include time spent on cell phones and the nature of cell phone use (texting, scrolling, chatting) as well as potential underlying mechanisms such as social anxiety. Further, most of the studies are cross-sectional, not longitudinal, so that the direction of effects cannot be determined. Researchers, nonetheless, have arbitrarily assigned behaviors as outcome or predictor variables when they may be more validly considered comorbid activities.
Neighborhood Contexts and Child Maltreatment Reports Among Families Receiving AFDC/TANF: A Longitudinal and Multilevel Study

Attention to the relationship between neighborhood context and child maltreatment is growing. However, no study exists that considers families’ residential moves and neighborhood changes longitudinally. This is particularly relevant to disadvantaged families who move frequently. Our sample includes children who experienced a child maltreatment report (CMR) or an AFDC case in early childhood. We followed up these children from 1995 to 2009 through various administrative databases. We used multilevel logistic growth curve models to estimate the CMR likelihood at each age from 1 to 16. Estimates were limited to ages on AFDC/TANF to trace families’ residential addresses based on AFDC/TANF payee records. Our findings highlight the importance of tracing residential neighborhoods in a longitudinal study. While doing so, we identify some possible neighborhood contextual influences. These, however, are small in contribution to overall risk and are less observable among children that are more vulnerable.
Variation Effects of Mobile Phone Frequencies and Exposure Durations on Selected Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Male Wistar Albino Rats

The effects of different frequencies and exposure duration on selected oxidative stress biomarkers of male albino wistar rats were studied. Sixty (60) rats were used for the study. The rats were divided into two major groups of thirty (30) rats each, and each major group were further divided into sub-groups, I-VI, of five (5) rats each according to their weights. The rats in major groups, A and B, were exposed for ninety (90) and one hundred and eighty (180) days respectively. The rats in sub-group I, II, and III were exposed to 900 MHz field from mobile phones for 5 h/day, 10 h/day, 15 h/day respectively, while the rats in subgroup IV were exposed to 2.4 GHz field for 24 h/day. Rats in subgroups V and VI were the normal and negative controls respectively. At the end of 90 and 180 days, the rats were anaesthetized; blood samples were collected for assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers. The activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA from subgroup III were 12.69 ± 0.60, 14.74 ± 0.07, and 2.03 ± 0.10 respectively. The activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA at these varying exposure time for 90 days duration were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of positive and negative controls which were 8.64 ± 0.35, 9.60 ± 0.47, 1.03 ± 0.02 and 9.04 ± 0.02, 10.43 ± 0.51, 1.20 ± 0.20 respectively. At the exposure duration of 180 days, the activities of the SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA were assessed. The activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA from subgroup III were 13.47 ± 0.51, 14.84 ± 0.07, and 2.11 ± 0.10 respectively. The activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA at these varying exposure time for 180 days were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of positive and negative controls which were 8.91 ± 0.10, 9.94 ± 0.13, 1.18 ± 0.19; and 9.09 ± 0.03, 10.45 ± 0.49, 1.38 ± 0.20 respectively. At the different frequency of 2.4 GHz, the activities of the enzyme and the concentration of MDA were also assayed. At the exposure of 90 days duration, the activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA were 14.49 ± 0.29, 15.77 ± 0.10, and 2.67 ± 0.04 respectively. At the exposure of 180 days duration, the activities of SOD, CAT and MDA were 14.96 ± 0.10, 15.86 ± 0.11, and 3.00 ± 0.08 respectively. In general, the activities of SOD, CAT and MDA at the frequency of 2.4 GHz for the exposure duration of 90 and 180 days were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those positive and negative controls. From our findings, it can be concluded that different frequencies (900 MHz and 2.4 GHz) and exposure durations (90 and 180 days), can induce oxidative stress in living system. Variation Effects of Mobile Phone Frequencies and Exposure Durations on Selected Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Male Wistar Albino Rats
Determination of CaO carbonation kinetics under recarbonation conditions

This work investigates the kinetics of the reaction of CO2 with CaO particles partially carbonated that are forced to increase their carbonate content at high temperatures in an atmosphere of rich CO2. This additional recarbonation reaction on particles that have already completed their fast carbonation stage is the basis of a novel process that aims to increase the CO2 carrying capacity of sorbents in calcium looping CO2 capture systems. The CaO reaction rates and the maximum carbonation conversions after the recarbonation step were measured on a thermogravimetric analyzer, and the results indicate that they are highly dependent upon the temperature and CO2 partial pressure, with steam also being a contributing factor. The reaction mechanism governing the reaction rates during the carbonation and recarbonation reactions is explained by the combined control of the chemical reaction and CO2 diffusion through the CaCO3 product layer. An extension of the random pore model adapted to multi-cycled CaO particle.
Potential Drug Candidates to Treat TRPC6 Channel Deficiencies in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Brain Ischemia

Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemia are among the many causative neurodegenerative diseases that lead to disabilities in the middle-aged and elderly population. There are no effective disease-preventing therapies for these pathologies. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the TRPC6 channel to be a promising molecular target for the development of neuroprotective agents. TRPC6 channel is a non-selective cation plasma membrane channel that is permeable to Ca2+. Its Ca2+-dependent pharmacological effect is associated with the stabilization and protection of excitatory synapses. Downregulation as well as upregulation of TRPC6 channel functions have been observed in Alzheimer’s disease and brain ischemia models. Thus, in order to protect neurons from Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemia, proper TRPC6 channels modulators have to be used. TRPC6 channels modulators are an emerging research field. New chemical structures modulating the activity of TRPC6 channels are being currently discovered. The recent publication of the cryo-EM structure of TRPC6 channels should speed up the discovery process even more. This review summarizes the currently available information about potential drug candidates that may be used as basic structures to develop selective, highly potent TRPC6 channel modulators to treat neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemia.
Quantitative Identification of Functional Connectivity Disturbances in Neuropsychiatric Lupus Based on Resting-State fMRI: A Robust Machine Learning Approach

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is an autoimmune entity comprised of heterogenous syndromes affecting both the peripheral and central nervous system. Research on the pathophysiological substrate of NPSLE manifestations, including functional neuroimaging studies, is extremely limited. The present study examined person-specific patterns of whole-brain functional connectivity in NPSLE patients (n = 44) and age-matched healthy control participants (n = 39). Static functional connectivity graphs were calculated comprised of connection strengths between 90 brain regions. These connections were subsequently filtered through rigorous surrogate analysis, a technique borrowed from physics, novel to neuroimaging. Next, global as well as nodal network metrics were estimated for each individual functional brain network and were input to a robust machine learning algorithm consisting of a random forest feature selection and nested cross-validation strategy. The proposed pipeline is data-driven in its entirety, and several tests were performed in order to ensure model robustness. The best-fitting model utilizing nodal graph metrics for 11 brain regions was associated with 73.5% accuracy (74.5% sensitivity and 73% specificity) in discriminating NPSLE from healthy individuals with adequate statistical power. Closer inspection of graph metric values suggested an increased role within the functional brain network in NSPLE (indicated by higher nodal degree, local efficiency, betweenness centrality, or eigenvalue efficiency) as compared to healthy controls for seven brain regions and a reduced role for four areas. These findings corroborate earlier work regarding hemodynamic disturbances in these brain regions in NPSLE. The validity of the results is further supported by significant associations of certain selected graph metrics with accumulated organ damage incurred by lupus, with visuomotor performance and mental flexibility scores obtained independently from NPSLE patients.
Older and younger adult definitions of emotion terms: a mixed-method content analysis

Abstract Objectives Conceptualizations of emotions might evolve over the course of adult development as motivations shift, but there are gaps in knowledge regarding these changes. This mixed-methods study tested theoretical predictions pertaining to age group differences in conceptualizations of emotions. Method University students (N = 210, M age = 20.1 years) and community-dwelling older adults (N = 90, M age = 72.5 years) participated in three survey studies (2016-2018) conducted in person, online, or via mail and provided written narrative definitions for 11 emotion words. Responses were coded for valence, arousal, time frame, reference to self, reference to social contacts, and nature of response (i.e. example or definition). Code frequencies were compared for younger and older adults via odds ratio and logistic regression analyses. Results Younger and older adults used many of the same words in definitions of emotion terms. Older participants more often referenced situational examples in their definitions than younger participants. As expected, older adults used more low arousal language, referenced the ‘self,’ and included other persons more in their emotion descriptions than younger persons. Unexpectedly, younger participants used more positive language in descriptions of some positive emotions. Conclusions Descriptions of emotion terms might serve a self-regulatory function, such as to facilitate low arousal emotion experiences for older adults or to illustrate important values, such as the greater importance of other persons to emotion experiences for older than younger adults.
Metformin attenuates oxidative stress and liver damage after bile duct ligation in rats

The aim of the current study was to investigate the antioxidative effect of metformin (MTF) on bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic disorder and histological damage in rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups including sham control (SC), BDL alone (BDL surgery), MTF1 (BDL surgery and administration of 250 mg/kg of MFM) and MTF2 (BDL surgery and administration of 500 mg/kg of MTF). After BDL, the animals treated with MTF by gavage for 10 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, biochemical analysis and oxidative stress markers were assayed to determine histological alterations, liver functions, and oxidant/antioxidant status. Hepatotoxicity was verified by remarkable increase in plasma levels of aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase activity and liver histology 10 days after the BDL surgery. Our finding showed that treatment with MTF markedly reduced plasma alkaline phosphatase and alleviated liver injury indices (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, BDL caused a considerable increase in the protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde content (P ≤ 0.05). However, MTF reduces oxidative stress by constraining the protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, and increases antioxidant reserve by increasing the ferric reducing ability of plasma and reducing glutathione levels. MTF exerts antioxidative effects in the liver fibrosis and may represent a hepato-protective effect when given to rats with BDL-induced hepatic injury.
Students' perceptions of assessment and student learning in higher education courses

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The Effect of Turbulence on the Flame Velocity in Gas Mixtures

The present report deals with the effect of turbulence on the propagation of the flame. Being based upon experiments with laminar as well as turbulent Bunsen flames, both the physico-chemical and the hydro-dynamical aspects of the problem are analyzed. A number of new deductions, interesting from the point of view of engine combustion and other very rapidly changing flame reactions, are made.
Mindfulness meditators show altered distributions of early and late neural activity markers of attention in a response inhibition task

Attention is a vital executive function, since other executive functions are largely dependent on it. Mindfulness meditation has been shown to enhance attention. However, the components of attention altered by meditation and the related neural activities are underexplored. In particular, the contributions of inhibitory processes and sustained attention are not well understood. Additionally, it is not clear whether improvements in attention are related to increases in the strength of typically activated brain areas, or the recruitment of additional or alternative brain areas. To address these points, 34 meditators were compared to 28 age and gender matched controls during electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of neural activity during a Go/Nogo response inhibition task. This task generates a P3 event related potential, which is related to response inhibition processes in Nogo trials, and attention processes across both trial types. Compared with controls, meditators were more accurate at responding to Go and Nogo trials. Meditators showed a more frontally distributed P3 to both Go and Nogo trials, suggesting more frontal involvement in sustained attention rather than activity specific to response inhibition. Unexpectedly, meditators also showed increased positivity over the right parietal cortex prior to visual information reaching the occipital cortex. Both results were positively related to increased accuracy across both groups. The results suggest that meditators have an increased capacity to modulate a range of neural processes in order to meet task requirements, including higher order processes, and sensory anticipation processes. This increased capacity may underlie the improved attentional function observed in mindfulness meditators.
Diamondback Moth Larvae Trigger Host Plant Volatiles that Lure Its Adult Females for Oviposition

Simple Summary The diamondback moth is a serious pest of crucifer crops. To control this pest, the use of intercropping (such as trap crops) is gaining attention since they are ecologically safe. However, such approaches require an understanding host plants which are most attractive to the pest. In this study, we quantified different volatiles released by Barbarea vulgaris in response to the diamondback moth larval feeding. We investigated olfactory responses of the adult diamondback moth to natural and simulated volatiles released by infested plants. We also investigated how volatile effects changed in response to larval feeding treatments. Overall, our findings indicated the relationship between key volatile compound, host plant cues emission and regulation of the diamondback moth adult female behavior due to key volatile triggered by the diamondback moth larvae feeding on B. vulgaris. Abstract The diamondback moth (DBM) is a destructive pest of crucifer crops. In this study, DBM larvae shown to herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that were attractive to adult females exposed in a Y-tube olfactometer. Our results showed that olfactory responses of adult females to HIPVs induced by third instar larvae feeding on Barbarea vulgaris were significantly higher (20.40 ± 1.78; mean moths (%) ± SD) than those induced by first instar larvae (14.80 ± 1.86; mean moths (%) ± SD). Meanwhile, a significant concentration of Sulphur-containing isothiocyanate, 3-methylsulfinylpropyl isothiocyanate, and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate were detected in HIPVs released by third instar larvae compared to those released by first instar larvae while feeding on B. vulgaris. When the DBM females were exposed to synthetic chemicals, singly and in blend form, a similar response was observed as to natural HIPVs. Our study demonstrated that the relationship between isothiocyanates acting as plant defense compounds, host plant cues emission and regulation of the DBM adult female behavior due to key volatile triggered by the DBM larvae feeding on B. vulgaris.
Identification of Favourable Testing Locations for Barley Breeding in South Pannonian Plain

The aim of this study was to identify desirable, and also non-informative or highly correlated locations using GGE biplot. In this study, ten barley genotypes were tested across five locations for two growing seasons in official state trials performed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. In both growing seasons, environment had the highest influence on barley yield, explaining 77.70% in 2010/11 and 86.41% in 2011/12 growing season of the total variation. A significant grain yield variation explained by environmental effects indicated that the environments tested in our study were highly diverse. Together, PC1 and PC2 amounted 86.03% and 66.91% of the genotype and genotype × environment interaction sum of squares, in 2010/11 and 2011/12, respectively. The results indicate that Rimski sancevi was most favorable location and should be used for further multi-location trials while location Sremska Mitrovica was the least informative and it can be excluded from further trials. Excluding one of two similar environments could save resources with minimal risk to lose important information about genotypes performance. According to the results of our study, it can be concluded that GGE biplot is useful method for environment evaluation.
Study of Hydrodynamics and Overall Gas Hold Up Validation in Bubble Column by Computational Fluid Dynamics

The study of overall gas hold up has been carried out experimentally with the bed expansion. The superficial gas velocities used for the experiments are 6.369 m/s and 10.616 m/s. The experiment is carried out in a bubble column with inside diameters of 7 cm and a height of 100 cm. Gas from the gas cylinder is supplied through a distributor consisting of a perforated plate and glass beads. The perforated plate has a hole diameter of 1 mm and 0.5 mm. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) using a Eulerian coupled with Population Balance model is developed to predict overall gas hold up and bubble size distribution. The effect of superficial gas velocity, perforated plate diameter, gas properties, and initial liquid level on gas hold up were studied. The use of population balance can significantly improve the overall gas hold-up results compared to constant bubble diameter. It is found that several operating conditions affect the whole gas hold up, namely initial liquid level, superficial gas velocity, and differences in gas properties. While the influence of the difference in perforated plate diameter to overall gas holds up, results are small compared to other operating conditions.
Ethylene signaling mediates host invasion by parasitic plants

Forward genetic analysis in a parasitic plant revealed that ethylene signaling is essential for host invasion. Parasitic plants form a specialized organ, a haustorium, to invade host tissues and acquire water and nutrients. To understand the molecular mechanism of haustorium development, we performed a forward genetics screening to isolate mutants exhibiting haustorial defects in the model parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum. We isolated two mutants that show prolonged and sometimes aberrant meristematic activity in the haustorium apex, resulting in severe defects on host invasion. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the two mutants respectively have point mutations in homologs of ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1 (ETR1) and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2), signaling components in response to the gaseous phytohormone ethylene. Application of the ethylene signaling inhibitors also caused similar haustorial defects, indicating that ethylene signaling regulates cell proliferation and differentiation of parasite cells. Genetic disruption of host ethylene production also perturbs parasite invasion. We propose that parasitic plants use ethylene as a signal to invade host roots.
Domination of mesophotic ecosystems in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (Indonesia) by sponges, soft corals and other non-hard coral species

Abstract Mesophotic ecosystems have been relatively poorly studied in the Indo-Pacific and in particular within the Coral Triangle region. Here we used a mini-ROV to explore the changes in major benthic groups at two sites (~200 m apart) in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia spanning shallow water coral reefs (5 m) to deeper water mesophotic ecosystems (80 m). We found very similar patterns at both sites where coral cover peaked at 15 m, declined rapidly by 30 m, and was virtually absent at 50 m. As coral declined there was a marked increase in sponges, soft corals and other encrusting organisms (including ascidians, bryozoans, tubeworms, gorgonians and molluscs). Importantly, our results differ from most previous studies in other geographic locations where hard corals extend much deeper. It is unclear what drives this difference but it may be related to higher levels of turbidity and therefore reduced light penetration in the Wakatobi compared with other areas, which limits the vertical extent of coral development.