Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apr 28, 2019 Convergence of equation-free methods in the case of finite time scale separation with application to deterministic

A common approach to studying high-dimensional systems with emergent low-dimensional behavior is based on lift-evolve-restrict maps (called equation-free methods): first, a user-defined lifting operator maps a set of low-dimensional coordinates into the high-dimensional phase space, then the high-dimensional (microscopic) evolution is applied for some time, and finally a user-defined restriction operator maps down into a low-dimensional space again. We prove convergence of equation-free methods for finite time scale separation with respect to a method parameter, the so-called healing time. Our convergence result justifies equation-free methods as a tool for performing high-level tasks such as bifurcation analysis on high-dimensional systems. More precisely, if the high-dimensional system has an attracting invariant manifold with smaller expansion and attraction rates in the tangential direction than in the transversal direction (normal hyperbolicity), and restriction and lifting satisfy some generic transversality conditions, then an implicit formulation of the lift-evolve-restrict procedure generates an approximate map that converges to the flow on the invariant manifold for healing time going to infinity. In contrast to all previous results, our result does not require the time scale separation to be large. A demonstration with Michaelis--Menten kinetics shows that the error estimates of our theorem are sharp. The ability to achieve convergence even for finite time scale separation is especially important for applications involving stochastic systems, where the evolution occurs at the level of distributions, governed by the Fokker--Planck equation. In these applications the spectral gap is typically finite. We investigate a low-dimensional stochastic differential equation where the ratio between the decay rates of fast and slow variables is 2. differential equations, Michaelis--Menten kinetics, dimension
Effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation in porous media during evaporation

Three dimensional pore‐scale analysis was carried out using X‐ray microtomography to investigate the effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation dynamics and patterns during evaporation from saline porous media. To do so, quartz sand and glass beads with almost similar average particle size and porosity were used enabling us to constrain the effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation since the glass beads were spherical and smooth whereas the sand consisted of irregularly shaped grains. Presence of angularity resulted in different pore sizes and shapes influencing the dynamics of evaporation and NaCl precipitation. Our results demonstrate that the preferential evaporation exclusively in fine pores at the surface of porous media results in discrete efflorescence. We observed a higher cumulative NaCl precipitation in the case of glass beads at the early stages of precipitation due to the presence of a fewer number of evaporation sites at the surface. This phenomenon resulted in formation of a thicker and more discrete NaCl crust at the surface of glass beads compared to sand grains. Also, computed water saturation profiles reveals formation of a wider unsaturated zone above the receding drying front in the case of sand compared to glass beads due to the presence of finer pores affecting the capillary flow though the partially wet zone. Our results provide new insights regarding the effects of grain angularity on NaCl precipitation dynamics and patterns during evaporation from saline porous media.
EFFECTS OF AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS AT TRIAL LOCATIONS AND FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD OF TRITICALE

Triticale is a plant species which is characterized by high genetic potential for grain yield, as well as good nutritive properties of its grain, while it is not so demanding as wheat in regard to agrotechnic measures and ecological conditions, so it is regarded as a very promising crop. In order to reach high and stable grain yield, few demands ought to be fulfilled, such as favorable agroclimatic conditions of the production area, growing superior cultivars, and good production technology, especially sufficient and well-balanced mineral nutrition. In Serbia, acid soils represent a serious problem for field crop production. These are soils with bad air-water and physico-mechanical properties, so plant production carried out on them is highly unstable. For that reason, correction of those soils acidity is necessary to improve their productive properties, which has a long-term effect on increasing yield of the grown crops. This paper deals with the effect of agroclimatic conditions at trial locations and fertilization on grain yield of triticale. The experiment was established at two locations (Zajecar and Kraljevo), during two years (2009 and 2010), and included control variant without fertilization and three variants fertilized by mineral
Market leader: the Austro-Hungarian Bank and the making of foreign exchange intervention, 1896–1913

This article challenges the conventional view that the gold standard was stabilized by quasi-automatic central bank intervention and/or private arbitrage whenever the spot exchange rate reached the ‘gold points’. New archival evidence on the central bank of Austria–Hungary between 1896 and 1913 documents the use of sophisticated instruments such as foreign exchange forward and repo (sale-repurchase) contracts and a quest for market dominance both with respect to reserves held and the share in market turnover. The resulting change in the working of the foreign exchange market is shown to have supported the conduct of monetary policy, underlining the importance of market micro structure in the design and conduct of monetary policy. The picture that emerges is that of a much more ‘modern’ approach to exchange rate stabilization during the classical gold standard than is traditionally recognized.
A multi-parameter hydrochemical characterization of proglacial runoff, Cordillera Blanca, Peru

Abstract. The Cordillera Blanca, located in the central Peruvian Andes, is the most glacierized mountain range in the tropics. The study objective is to determine the spatial and topographic controls on geochemical and isotopic parameters in the Quilcayhuanca drainage basin. During the dry season of July 2009, surface water and groundwater samples were collected from the proglacial zone of the 90 km2 Quilcayhuanca basin which is 20% glacierized. The basin water samples (n = 25) were analyzed for pH, conductivity, major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe(II)), major anions (F, Cl, SO4), nutrients (total N, total P, and Si), and stable isotopes of water (δ18O, δ2H). The valley's surface water is acidic (pH 3–4) and is dominated by Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42−, the last of which is likely due to pyrite oxidation. Total P and total N show no trend with elevation down valley, while Si generally increases with decreasing elevation. Groundwater samples are differentiated from surface water samples by lower pH, specific conductance, and total P and higher Na+, K+, HCO3−, Si, and δ18O. A two-component mixing model indicates that discharge from the watershed is approximately two-thirds surface water (mostly glacier melt) and one-third groundwater. The results were compared to data from the Rio Santa and indicate that this trend may persist at the regional scale.
Systematic analysis of deep seismicity: 200 centroid-moment tensor solutions for earthquakes between 1977 and 1980

Summary. A systematic study of deep seismicity is performed using waveform data from the GDSN between 1977 and 1980 and the Centroid Moment Tensor method of Dziewonski et al. Two hundred new CMT solutions are found for events deeper than 100km; their moments, obtained using the same algorithm, range between 7 x and 1.4 x lo2' dyne cm - a factor of 20 000. A statistical analysis of the CMT parameters provides important conclusions. Among these, the shift in origin time for deep events is found to be almost independent of the seismic moment, providing an indication of the complexity of deep earthquakes. The deviation from the double couple model appears to be correlated to the state of stress of the subducting slabs; mechanisms showing down-dip compression are generally dominated by the eigenvalue corresponding to the compression axis, and down-dip tension correlates with the predominance of the tensional eigenvalue. Comparison with moment tensors obtained by other authors using different waveform data shows good agreement between different methods. Comparison with published focal plane mechanisms confirms the precision and reliability of the CMT method. Examples of CMT solutions used to identify patterns of seismicity associated with deep fault planes are shown.
Dissolution effects on the crystallography and Mg/Ca content of planktonic foraminifera Globorotalia tumida (Rotaliina) revealed by X‐ray diffractometry

Several authors suggested that the thinning, with increasing depth of deposition, of calcite X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) peaks obtained on planktonic foraminifera tests resulted from the preferential removal of their poorly crystallized parts as dissolution increases. By deconvolving XRD peak (104) from Globorotalia tumida (surface sediments, Sierra Leone Rise depth transect), we show that the full width at midheight does not depend only upon crystallinity, but reflects also the chemical and structural heterogeneity of foraminifera tests, which results in closely spaced, individual (104) diffraction peaks corresponding to phases with slightly different Mg contents. G. tumida contains two calcite phases: a well crystallized, Mg‐poor calcite and a poorly crystallized, Mg‐richer calcite. Increasing dissolution results in the preferential removal of the Mg‐richer calcite and the improvement of its crystallinity, whereas the Mg‐poor calcite does not seem to be affected by dissolution between 2750 m and 4950 m of water depth on Sierra Leone Rise.
CAN WE HELP OUR STUDENTS WRITE BETTER

The paper investigates the effect of a writing program on EFL students’ writing skill. 353 Turkish EFL students and 23 English teachers participated in the study. The students received two hours of writing instruction per week for 18 weeks. Then they were administered the PET. The student performance on the writing component of the test was evaluated using the CEFR rubric. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the students improved their scores only on the organization component. No significant difference was observed on content, grammar, vocabulary, and effort-creativity components. Article visualizations:
Estimation of the Effect of Eddies on Coastal El Nino Flows Using Along-Track Satellite Altimeter Data

AbstractPrevious work has shown that the El Nino sea level signal leaks through the gappy western equatorial Pacific to the coasts of western and southern Australia. South of about 22°S, in the region of the Leeuwin Current, the amplitude of this El Nino signal falls. Using coastal sea level measurements and along-track altimetry data from the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon, Jason-1, and OSTM/Jason-2 satellites, this study finds that the interannual divergence of the eddy momentum flux D′ is correlated with the southward along-shelf sea level amplitude decay, consistent with the eddies removing energy from the large-scale sea level signal. The quantity D′ is also correlated with the interannual flow with a surprisingly short dissipation time scale of only 2 days, much shorter than the interannual time scale.A similar analysis off the western coast of South America, site of the originally named “El Nino” current, was carried out. Interannual sea level decay along the shelf edge is observed, a.
Transforming growth factor beta induced FoxP3+ regulatory T cells suppress Th1 mediated experimental colitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The imbalance between effector and regulatory T cells plays a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition to the thymus, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells can be induced in the periphery from a population of CD25- T cells by treatment with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Here, we analysed the in vivo function of TGF-beta induced regulatory T (Ti-Treg) cells in experimental colitis. METHODS Ti-Treg cells were generated in cell culture in the presence or absence of TGF-beta and tested for their regulatory potential in experimental colitis using the CD4+CD62L+ T cell transfer model. RESULTS Ti-Treg cells significantly suppressed Th1 mediated colitis on CD4+CD62L+ T cell transfer in vivo, as shown by high resolution endoscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, and cytokine analysis. Further analysis of in vivo and in vitro expanded Ti-Treg cells showed that exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2) was crucial for survival and expansion of these cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that regulatory Ti-Treg cells expand by TGF-beta and exogenous IL-2 derived from effector T cells at the site of inflammation. In addition to Tr1 and thymic CD4+CD25+ T cells, peripheral Ti-Treg cells emerge as a class of regulatory T cells with therapeutic potential in T cell mediated chronic intestinal inflammation.
Hydroecological responses of the Athabasca Delta, Canada, to changes in river flow and climate during the 20th century

We employ water‐isotope tracers and multi‐proxy paleolimnological records to characterize contemporary controls on water balances of floodplain lakes in the Athabasca Delta, Canada, within the context of its hydroecological evolution over the 20th century. The insight gained from these approaches is necessary to gauge the hydroecological resiliency of the Athabasca Delta to past and future changes in Athabasca River flow regime. Results obtained from three lakes located in different regions of the Athabasca Delta indicate that hydroecological conditions were strongly affected by an engineered meander cut‐off on the Athabasca River in 1972, intended to maintain flow in the river main stem, and a natural bifurcation of one of the major distributaries (Embarras River) in 1982, in response to progressive overextension of the delta to the east. Climate warming and naturally declining river discharge have also contributed to directional change. Recent drying trends reconstructed from sediment cores at two of the three lakes are likely representative of rapidly evolving hydroecological conditions in the south‐eastern sector, based on mapping of a recent high‐magnitude ice‐jam flood that failed to recharge this portion of the delta, while wetting in the region of the third lake due to increased frequency of river flooding reflects increasing diversion of Athabasca River flow northward. Our findings highlight the hydroecological sensitivity of the Athabasca Delta to changes in the magnitude and timing of discharge in the Athabasca River and heighten the need for informed management strategies to safeguard the integrity of this unique wetland ecosystem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algae concentrated by frazil ice: evidence from laboratory experiments and field measurements

A number of studies have suggested that high concentrations of organisms in sea ice may be the result of harvesting and concentration by frazil ice. Laboratory experiments have shown that frazil ice can concentrate organisms from two to four times above levels in the underlying water. The concentrations in nature, however, can be considerably higher. The apparent discrepancy between laboratory results and field observations can be explained by the longer temporal and spatial scales that allow more contact of ice crystals with particles and with one another in the sea. It is also likely that small-scale circulation features, such as Langmuir circulation, enhance the ability of frazil ice to concentrate organisms in a natural setting.
Aquifer parameter estimation using an incremental area method

Theoretical well functions have been derived over the years to predict ground water level behaviour in aquifer systems under stress owing to groundwater extraction. The drawdown data collected during pump tests are typically analysed using graphical curve‐matching procedures to estimate aquifer parameters based on these well functions. Difficulty in aquifer characteristic identification and parameter estimation may arise when the field data do not perfectly match the drawdown curves obtained from the well functions. The present study provides a new method for the interpretation of aquifer pump tests which supplements the existing curve‐matching procedures in case ideal conditions do not exist; the proposed method provides a greater degree of flexibility in the data analysis for diagnostic tool purposes. The method, referred to as the Incremental Area Method (IAM) is based on integrating the logarithmic‐based drawdown curves within a discrete time and matching the results with a corresponding time integral of the Theis ( 1935 ) Well Function which governs ideal confined aquifers. The application of the proposed method to synthetically generated data and field data showed that IAM represents a viable method which yields information on potential non‐idealness of the aquifer and provides aquifer parameter estimates thus potentially overcoming drawdown data curve‐matching difficulties. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Carboniferous – Early Permian (Ghzelian – Artinskian) Palynomorphs

The preliminary results of the palynological investigations in the Late Carboniferous – Early Permian of Northeast Libya indicate that at least two successive intervals can be readily recognised: Ghzelian – Asselian interval. This lower interval is characterised by assemblages showing a dominance of saccate pollen; miospores usually occur in very low frequencies. Throughout the interval one may recognise (a) monosaccate pollen, attributable to genera such as Potonieisporites, Plicatipollenites, Cannanoropollis and Barakarites; (b) taeniate (striate) bisaccate pollen, identified as species of Illinites, Protohaploxypinus, Strotersporites, Striatoabieites and Distriatites; and (c) non-taeniate bisaccate pollen, represented by alete genera and Limitisporites. Although some of the monosaccate elements may already occur in the Early Carboniferous of Libya, the observed diversification points to a Late Carboniferous – Early Permian age of the assemblages. Taeniate pollen grains are known to make their first appearance in the Moscovian (e.g., in the Donets Basin; compare Inosova et al., 1976) but the observed diverse assemblages appear more characteristic for the latest Carboniferous and/or Early Permain, of both the Euramerican and Gondwana provinces (compare, e.g., Inosova et al., 1976; Kemp et al., 1977). Consequently, the authors consider the interval to represent a Carboniferous – Permian transition sequence, broadly comprising the Ghzelian and Asselian Stages. It should be noted, however, that the status of the Asselian Stage is still under discussion; some authors prefer the inclusion of this unit (or part of it) in the Carboniferous. From a palynological point of view the incoming of Distriatites could well mark a datum level corresponding to the Carboniferous .
The mediating role of negative emotions in the relationship between smoking and health-related quality of life among Chinese individuals: A cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION Although the negative impact of smoking on health has been confirmed in various studies, few have explored psychological factors mediating the relationship between smoking and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and HRQOL in the Chinese population and the mediating role of negative emotions (NEs). METHODS Survey data were derived from a cross-sectional study conducted in China from 20 June to 31 August 2022. We recruited participants from 148 cities across the country using a stratified multistage sampling method. The HRQOL of the dependent variable was measured using the Chinese version of European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) were used to measure NE parameters including depression, anxiety, and perceived stress, as the intermediate variables. A multiple parallel mediation model was used to analyze the mediating role of NEs in smoking and HRQOL. RESULTS A total of 21916 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 3010 (13.7%) and 18906 (86.3%) were categorized into smokers and non-smokers, respectively. The HRQOL (EQ-VAS score) of smokers (71.70 ± 23.08) was lower than that of non-smokers (73.69 ± 21.32), whereas the depression and anxiety levels of smokers were higher than those of non-smokers (all p<0.001). Moreover, smoking, NEs (depression and anxiety), and HRQOL showed pairwise correlations. According to the mediation analysis, depression (β= -0.461; 95% BCa CI: -0.664 – -0.268) and anxiety (β= -0.279; 95% BCa CI: -0.435 – -0.138) mediated the relationship between smoking and HRQOL after adjusting for demographic and life factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize the necessity of studying the interaction between smoking, HRQOL, and Nes, and complementing the research on the impact of psychological factors on the HRQOL of smokers. Public health activities should focus on mental health and take targeted measures for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of smokers.
Acute cerebellitis following COVID‐19 vaccination: A case report

A plethora of neurological symptoms have been reported as the side effects of COVID‐19 vaccines. Vaccine‐associated acute cerebellitis is quite rare. Here, we report a 45‐year‐old female with acute onset cerebellitis, beginning 10 days after administration of Sinopharm vaccine. The patient's CSF COVID‐19 PCR was found to be positive, with no pulmonary symptoms.
Can mobile-health applications contribute to long-term increase in physical activity after medical rehabilitation?–A pilot-study

Due to the positive effects of rehabilitation declining over time, the aim of this study was to investigate the long-term physical activity level (PAL) following inpatient rehabilitation in relation to the use of a smartphone-based after-care program. 202 patients (mean Body Mass Index (BMI): 30,8 kg/m2; 61% female) with chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic low back pain, depression) were recruited between 08/2020 and 08/2021 in this single-arm observational study. All patients underwent a 3-week inpatient rehabilitation program. PAL (in total activity minutes/week) was measured with a validated (online) questionnaire (Freiburger Questionnaire on PA) after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. App usage (online time, completion of a course) was recorded automatically and used to evaluate the app user behavior (adherence). A variety of socio-economic factors (age, sex, education level, income etc.) were collected to identify possible barriers of app use. Except for sex, no significant difference was observed for socio-economic factors regarding app usage behavior. Median PAL significantly increased after rehabilitation in the total cohort from 360 min/week (before rehabilitation) to 460 min/week 6 months after rehabilitation, then declined to 420 min/week 9 months after rehabilitation before falling below baseline level after 12 months. There was no significant difference in PAL between app users (45%, 91/202) and non-users (55%, 111/202), although app users tended to retain higher activity levels after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Overall, our study emphasizes the effectiveness of a 3-week rehabilitation program on PAL and the acceptance and usability of a smartphone-based after-care program in this patient group. The adherence to this 3-months after-care app program was acceptable (30%), with modest evidence supporting the effectiveness of app use to sustain PAL in the short term.