Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avaliação das respostas fisiológicas de bezerros zebuínos puros e cruzados nascidos em clima subtropical

The influence of environmental parameters on the physiological responses of purebred and crossbred Nellore calves born in a subtropical region was studied. All calves were born from high grade Nellore cows sired by Aberdeen Angus (AN), Simmental (SN), Canchim (CN) and Nellore (NI) bulls. These calves were raised under intensive management and another group of Nellore calves (NR) was raised under extensive management, similar to the typical brazilian system for beef production. Calves were observed from birth until the end of the first suckling, and the variable first suckling latency (LM) was estimated. Aapproximately 24 hours after birth, blood samples were collected from each calf to measure the plasma concentrations of total protein (PT), glucose (Gli), triiodothyronin (T3), thyroxin (T4), T3:T4 ratio, cortisol (Cort) and immunoglobulin-G (IgGb). At the same time, the calves' rectal temperature was taken and the cows and the calves were weighed. Climatic data of temperature (Temp), relative humidity (UR) and rain precipitation (PRE) in the birth day were also recorded. Physiological parameters were analyzed by least squares method using a model that included the effects of year and month of calving, group of calf, sex of calf, cow category, calving time, year × group and year × month of birth interactions and the covariables calf's weight, PRE, Temp, UR and LM. The effect of Temp was significant for the concentrations of T3, T4, T4:T3 and Cort. The concentrations of T3 and Cort decreased and the levels of T4 and T4:T3 ratio increased as Temp increased. Similarly, the concentration of Cort increased and the concentrations of IgGb and PT decreased as LM increased. PT level was significantly higher in NR calves than in NI ones.
Genetic Studies for Yield and Physiological Traits in Three Line Aerobic Rice Hybrids

Sufficient genetic variability was recorded among the 90 hybrids and 21 parents of rice genotypes under aerobic condition. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations were ascertained for grain yield and its components. The results revealed that the traits productive tillers per plant, panicle length, spikelet fertility, harvest index, proline content, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, chlorophyll stability index, relative water content and dry root weight as they expressed significant and positive correlation with single plant yield and also positive inter correlations among themselves. Therefore, selection for any one of the above characters would bring in simultaneous improvement of other characters and ultimately improving the grain yield.
Inter-generational transmission of microbial symbionts in the marine sponge Chondrilla australiensis (Demospongiae)

Mechanisms for the biparental transmission of microbial symbionts to offspring in the marine sponge Chondrilla australiensis are reported. The observation of microbial mutualists in the sperm of C. australiensis is the first report of this kind in any organism, as far as we are aware. The developing eggs were shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to incorporate intercellular cyanobacterial and bacterial symbionts. Nurse cells appeared to transport cyanobacterial symbionts from the surface layers of the sponge to eggs deeper in the matrix, where they were incorporated into the egg cytoplasm prior to spawning. This suggests that a host mechanism exists to actively recognise and incorporate symbionts, ensuring that larvae contain these mutualists before settlement. In addition, an average of 1.64% of mature sperm of C. australiensis contained cyanobacterial symbionts in their cytoplasm. The successful transmission of cyanobacterial symbionts to larvae was demonstrated by autofluorescent microscopy and TEM. The occurrence of organisms with functional mechanisms for transmission of symbionts from both parents to offspring provides the potential for new insights into the nature of host-symbiont interactions.
Relação ideal de metionina mais cistina digestível e lisina digestível na dieta de codornas japonesas na fase de crescimento

Background: methionine is considered essential for maintenance, growth, and feather development. Methionine supply during the growth phase can influence the weight at sexual maturity and egg size. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of several digestible methionine + cystine/digestible lysine ratios for growing Japanese quails (1 to 40 days of age) with repercussions on the early stage of production (41 to 110 days of age). Methods: a total of 1,000 one-day-old Japanese quails were randomly distributed to five digestible (methionine + cystine)/digestible lysine ratios, with 10 replicates and 20 birds per experimental unit. A basal diet formulated to meet all nutrient requirements was added with graded levels of DL-methionine replacing glutamic acid. Results: weight of the birds at 40 days, weight gain until 40 days, feed intake, carcass weight, fat, and body protein deposition, methionine + cystine intake and birds viability in the growing phase presented a linear trend. A quadratic effect was observed for feed conversion and uniformity at 40 days of age, and percentage of feathers did not vary. A linear increase occurred in the laying phase for feed intake and weight gain of the birds. No effects of the assessed ratios were observed on the other variables. Conclusions: a 0.73 ratio of digestible (methionine + cystine) to digestible lysine in the growing phase provided uniform growth and satisfying performance of Japanese quails during the laying phase.
Enzymic changes in response to zinc nutrition

Summary With a view to evaluating the suitability of Zn induced changes in enzyme activities and for assessing Zn nutrient status, black gram ( Vigna mungo L. cv. IPU 94) was grown under controlled sand culture at five levels of Zn supply ranging from 0.01 to 10 μmol/L. Leaves of 60 d old plants were examined for Zn concentration and activities of fructose 1,6 biphosphate aldolase, carbonic anhydrase, total superoxide dismutase, Cu-Zn SOD, acid phosphatase and ribonuclease, which have been shown to be activated/inhibited by Zn deficiency. Sub-optimal supply of Zn decreased the activities of FBPAse, CA, total SOD and Cu-Zn SOD and increased the activities of APase and RNAse. Activities of the Zn enzymes CA and Cu-Zn SOD, are highly correlated with Zn supply, and suitable as indicators of Zn nutrient status of plants. Activation of APase and RNAse by other micronutrient deficiencies and stress conditions does not favour their use as indicators of Zn nutrient stress.
Revision and phylogenetic assessment of the rove beetle genus Pseudohesperus Hayashi, with broad reference to the subtribe Philonthina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini)

This paper studies the phylogeny of the rove beetle subtribe Philonthina, to test its hypothetical monophyly and to unravel the evolutionary relationships of the subtribe and its included genus-level taxa, with emphasis on the genus Pseudohesperus and its close-allied relatives. The phylogenetic analyses are based on 105 adult morphological characters and 66 terminal taxa, i.e., all six members of Pseudohesperus, 51 species to represent 29 other genera of the subtribe Philonthina, seven species to represent the other six subtribes of Staphylinini, one species of the tribes Arrowinini, and one of the Platyprosopini. According to the phylogenetic results obtained, the genus Erichsonius should move out from the hitherto-defined subtribe Philonthina and thus the monophyly of this taxon is challenged. The phylogenetic tree suggests that the genera Hesperus and Belonuchus might not be monophyletic, but the monophyly of Pseudohesperus and the sister relationship between it and Bisnius are well supported. The species-level phylogenetic relationships of the genus Pseudohesperus reveal a clear pattern of species diversification that can be correlated well with the species' zoogeographical patterns. The paper also revises the taxonomy of Pseudohesperus and describes five new species from China: Pseudohesperus luteus Li & Zhou sp. nov., Pseudohesperus pedatiformis Li & Zhou sp. nov., Pseudohesperus tripartitus Li & Zhou sp. nov., Pseudohesperussparsipunctatus Li & Zhou sp. nov., and Bisnius lubricus Li & Zhou sp. nov. An identification key to the species of Pseudohesperus is provided and their geographical distributions are mapped. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163, 679–722.
New Policies for Old Trees: Averting a Global Crisis in a Keystone Ecological Structure

Large old trees are critical organisms and ecological structures in forests, woodlands, savannas, and agricultural and urban environments. They play many essential ecological roles ranging from the storage of large amounts of carbon to the provision of key habitats for wildlife. Some of these roles cannot be replaced by other structures. Large old trees are disproportionately vulnerable to loss in many ecosystems worldwide as a result of accelerated rates of mortality, impaired recruitment, or both. Drivers of loss, such as the combined impacts of fire and browsing by domestic or native herbivores, chemical spray drift in agricultural environments, and postdisturbance salvage logging, are often unique to large old trees but also represent ecosystem‐specific threats. Here, we argue that new policies and practices are urgently needed to conserve existing large old trees and restore ecologically effective and viable populations of such trees by managing trees and forests on much longer time scales than is currently practiced, and by protecting places where they are most likely to develop. Without these steps, large old trees will vanish from many ecosystems, and associated biota and ecosystem functions will be severely diminished or lost.
Motives for Firms to Adopt Solid Waste Management Controls: The Case of Food Processing Sector in Sri Lanka

This study offers an empirical analysis of the economic incentives available for food processing firms in Sri Lanka to adopt environmental controls for solid waste management. A series of in-depth interviews (n=325) were carried out with managers responsible for environmental quality in five types of food processing firms (coconut-based products, essential oils, non-alcoholic beverages, processed fruits and vegetables, and other processed products). Confirmatory Factor Analysis techniques were applied to the data to quantify the effect of six market-based incentives (cost/financial implications, sales, reputation, commercial pressure, human resources and technical efficiency), two regulatory incentives (existing and anticipated government regulations), and the liability incentive on the firm’s adoption of solid waste management practices. The level of adoption of environmental practices at the firm level is low -- on average firms adopt only 1.2 compared to the recommended eight different possible practices. Costs of adoption and perceived improvements in technical efficiency are two factors that motivate adoption. Liability laws and anticipated future regulations also matter. The analysis suggests that older and larger firms are more responsive to environmental considerations. Interestingly, export oriented firms do not do better than domestic firms.
Medicinal chemistry of the vanilloid (Capsaicin) TRPV1 receptor: current knowledge and future perspectives

In peripheral sensory neurons, the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1) functions as a molecular integrator of painful stimuli, including those mediated by capsaicin, acid, and heat. Antagonist blockade of TRPV1 activation is under investigation by several pharmaceutical companies in an effort to identify novel agents for pain management. TRPV1 is also expressed, albeit at lower levels, in the brain and in non‐neuronal tissues, where its function(s) remains elusive. The contribution of TRPV1 receptor activity to physiological reflexes and disease states is complex and is only beginning to be understood. Consequently, the resultant effects of TRPV1 antagonists on the body may be unforeseen. Indeed, clinical trials with a number of TRPV1 antagonists were recently terminated due to their marked hyperthermic activity. In this review article, the medicinal chemistry of TRPV1 antagonists is discussed inasmuch as it relates to the efficacy, safety, tolerability and potential side effects of these compounds. In addition, the available information on the current status of the clinical trials with TRPV1 antagonists is summarized. Drug Dev Res 68:477–497, 2007. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soil nematode communities as influenced by cover crops, with a focus on Brassicaceae

The effect of brassicaceous cover crops (Brassica juncea/ Sinapis alba, B. napus, and Raphanus sativus) on plant-parasitic and free-living soil nematode communities, in grain agroecosystems, was evaluated in three experiments, at two sites in Maryland. Brassicaceous cover crops alone did not suppress plant-parasitic nematodes, however when combined with rye (Secale cereale) or clover (Trifolium incarnatum), juvenile (J2) Heterodera glycines populations were lower in June, soybean yields were higher, or free-living nematode abundance was higher. Indices of free-living nematode community structure suggested that winter-kill of N-rich radishes activated the bacterivore community in early spring resulting in high populations of bacterivore dauer larvae and high community structure by summer. In contrast, nematode communities in spring-terminated rapeseed and rye plots had high abundances of fungivore nematodes and a plant associate/fungal feeder, Coslenchus. Brassicaceous cover crops in Maryland grain rotations may be more useful for managing soil ecology than for biofumigation of plant-parasitic nematodes.
An investigation of the antimicrobial activity of acmella caulirhiza

Background: Acmella caulirhiza is a plant that is used traditionally to treat several disorders such as mouth ulcers, sore throat, toothache and earache, among others. It is a small annual or perennial herb whose location is widespread worldwide. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine whether the leaves, stem and the flowers extract of the plant possess antibacterial and antifungal activity and to find out which part of the plant is the most active, if any . Methodology: Acmella caulirhiza was collected from the wild in Kericho County. The flower heads, the leaves and the stems were dried separately, ground into a powder and extracted with chloroform. The plant extracts were tested for activity against Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Bacillus pumilus. Results and Discussion: The plant extracts inhibited the growth of Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus pumilus. The activity was highest in the stems extracts. The extracts, however, did not have any anti-fungal activity when tested against Candida albicans . It was concluded from these results that the anti-bacterial activity may aid in the efficacy when the plant is used to treat mouth ulcers or sore throat. Key words: Acmella caulirhiza , anti-fungal activity, anti-bacterial activity, traditional medicine
Gibberellin A3 and Abscisic Acid Cause the Reorientation of Cortical Microtubules in Epicotyl Cells of the Decapitated Dwarf Pea

To determine whether or not the changes in the orientation of microtubules that are induced by GA 3 and ABA result from changes in the rate of epicotyl elongation caused by these hormones, we examined the effects of GA 3 and ABA on the orientation of microtubules in the epidermal cells of decapitated epicotyls of dwarf pea, in which neither GA 3 nor ABA causes changes in the rate of epicotyl elongation
Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) Larva ve Pupunun Yağ Asidi Bileşimi

G. mellonella’ nin 5. , 6. , 7. evre larvalari ve puplarinin gaz kromatografik analizinde total yag asidi bilesimini C 12:0 - 20:0 yag asitlerinin olusturdugu belirlenmistir. Oleik asit ve palmitik asit yuzdelerinin cok yuksek oldugu, linoleik asit yuzdesinin de ucuncu buyuk yuzdeye sahip oldugu tespit edilmistir.
Muscle protein turnover in broiler chickens: effects of high ambient temperatures and dietary protein intake

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Muscle protein turnover in broiler chickens: effects of high ambient temperatures and dietary protein intake S. Temim, A.M. Chagneau, R. Peresson, J. Michel, S. Guillaumin, Sophie Tesseraud
Nitrogen cycling and dynamics in a macrophyte-rich stream as determined by a release

Summary 1. A tracer release study was conducted in a macrophyte-rich stream, the River Lilleaa in Denmark. The objectives of the study were to compare uptake rates per unit area of by primary producers and consumers in macrophyte and non-macrophyte habitats, estimate whole-stream uptake rates of and compare this to other stream types, and identify the pathways and estimate the rate at which enters the food web in macrophyte and non-macrophyte habitats. 2. Macrophyte habitats had four times higher primary uptake rates and an equal uptake rate by primary consumers per unit habitat area as compared to non-macrophyte habitats. These rates represent the lower limit of potential macrophyte effects because the rates will be highly dependent on macrophyte bed height and mean bed height in the River Lilleaa was low compared to typical bed heights in many lowland streams. Epiphytes accounted for 30% of primary uptake in macrophyte habitats, illustrating a strong indirect effect of macrophytes as habitat for epiphytes. N flux per unit habitat area from primary uptake compartments to primary consumers was four times lower in macrophyte habitats compared to non-macrophyte habitats, reflecting much greater biomass accrual in macrophyte habitats. Thus, we did not find higher N flux from macrophyte habitats to primary consumers compared to non-macrophyte habitats. 3. Whole-stream uptake rate was 447 mgN m−2 day−1. On a habitat-weighted basis, fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) accounted for 72% of the whole-stream uptake rate, and macrophytes and epiphytes accounted for 19 and 8%, respectively. 4. We had expected a priori relatively high whole-stream N uptake in our study stream compared to other stream types mainly due to generally high biomass and the macrophyte’s role as habitat for autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, but our results did not confirm this. In comparison with other release study streams, we conclude that nutrient concentration is the overall controlling factor for N uptake rates across streams, mostly as a result of high biomass of primary uptake compartments in streams with high nutrient concentrations in general and not in macrophyte streams in particular. 5. Our results indicate that macrophytes play an important role in the longer-term retention of N and thus a decrease in net downstream transport during the growing season compared to streams without macrophytes, through direct and indirect effects on the stream reach. Direct effects are high uptake efficiency, low turnover rate (partly due to no direct feeding on macrophytes) and high longevity. An indirect effect is increased sedimentation of FBOM in macrophytes compared to non-macrophyte habitats and streams which possibly also increase denitrification. Increased retention with macrophyte presence would decrease downstream transport during the growing season and thus the N loading on downstream ecosystems.
Efficacy of Indigenous Plant Essential Oil Andean Thyme (Acantholippia seriphioides A. Gray) to Control American Foulbrood (AFB) in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Hives

Abstract Headspace volatiles of an oil of an autochthonous Argentinean plant, Andean thyme (Acantholippia seriphioides A. Gray) and its in vitro antimicrobial activity against thirteen strains of Paenibacillus larvae, causal agent of American foulbrood (AFB), was determined. This disease affects honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) colonies worldwide causing great economical loses. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. Seven compounds representing 93.1% of the total of this oil were identified in the headspace of the oil using SPME-GC/MS analysis. The main components were thymol (29.2%), p-cymene (23.3%), carvacrol (23.3%) and γ-terpinene (11.0%). One way ANOVA for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data and minimal bactericide concentration (MBC) data, indicated highly significant differences between the P. larvae strains. Newman-Keuls test determined two homogeneous groups (α=0.05) corresponding to Argentinian and Italian strains with different responses to Andean thyme oil. The use of essential oils in the control of microbial strains allows an alternative scope for the control of this serious disease affecting honey and its by-products (wax, pollen and propolis). Such strategy can meet consumer demand for a diminution or absence of other antimicrobial chemical substances, which can be substituted by the addition of natural substances.
Urokinase plasminogen activator expression in canine malignant mammary tumours by immunohistochemical study

Abstract Immunohistochemical expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) was studied in 37 canine malignant mammary tumours to define the relationship between their histopathological type and grade. In 29 (78.4%) cases, expression of uPA by neoplastic cells was more than 10% and in 34 samples (91.9%) uPA expression by stromal cells (fibroblasts) was more than 10%. The uPA was expressed in epithelial and myoepithelial cells of carcinomas and carcinosarcomas and mesenchymal population of carcinosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and carcinomas arising in benign tumours. The intensity and percentage of expression of uPA by stromal cells was associated with their histological grade (P < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was detected between uPA expression by neoplastic cells (epithelial, myoepithelial, and mesenchymal cell) and histological grade. Increased expression of uPA by tumour stroma was associated with poor prognostic factors. Stromal expression of uPA could be a prognostic indicator for canine mammary tumours.