Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in a Restored Temperate Grassland

OF THESIS Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in a Restored Temperate Grassland Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) affect the structure and function of grasslands by altering plant competitive interactions, shifting patterns of aboveand belowground biomass allocation, and by increasing net primary production. However, the influence of N and P on net ecosystem productivity is poorly understood. In the context of a fieldbased factorial Nand P-addition experiment, I measured soil moisture, leaf area index and component fluxes of ecosystem CO2 exchange throughout the growing season in a restored temperate grassland near Buffalo, New York. I predicted that N-addition would enhance ecosystem CO2 uptake (GEE) while P-addition would stimulate ecosystem respiration (Re). As predicted, N-addition increased GEE and correspondingly amplified net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) to increase ecosystem CO2 uptake. In contrast, Paddition did not significantly increase Re. However, Nand P-addition interacted to significantly reduce NEE in comparison with plots that received N alone. Moreover, water limitation and phenological constraints during the middle and late growing season appear to limit autotrophic responses to nutrient addition. These results suggest that influences of Nand P-addition on ecosystem processes are seasonally dynamic and that the availability of N and P in soils may interact to weaken the strength of the terrestrial carbon sink.
Arrival brokers as a key component of the arrival infrastructure: how established migrants support newcomers

Abstract. In recent years, numerous studies have stressed the importance of established migrants helping newcomers access settlement information. This article focuses on the everyday practices of these so-called “arrival brokers” in supporting newcomers in their initial arrival process. The analysis combines the theoretical strands on “arrival infrastructures”, arrival brokers, and the concept of solidarity. The qualitative empirical research in an arrival neighbourhood in the German city of Dortmund shows that arrival brokers support newcomers by sharing arrival-specific knowledge and by structuring the arrival infrastructure network. These practices can be attributed to a situational place-based solidarity. The article shows that using the infrastructure perspective for analysing migrants' brokering practices helps us understand the transformative power wielded by migrants themselves in making, shaping, and maintaining arrival support structures.
Droplet digital PCR vs. quantitative real time-PCR for diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Tuberculosis is a rising global public health emergency. Then, it is a priority to undertake innovations in preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic methods. Improved diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are urgently needed to address this global epidemic. These methods should be rapid, accurate, affordable, and able to detect drug-resistant tuberculosis. The benefits of these new diagnostic technics include earlier diagnosis and treatment, improved patient outcomes, and reduced economic burden. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the diagnostic performance of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)—a third-generation PCR—compared with quantitative Real Time-PCR (qPCR) for diagnosing pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We included 14 diagnostic accuracy test studies performed in Asia, Europe, and Latin America, 1,672 participants or biological samples, and 975 events (pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis). Most of the included studies had a low risk of bias (QUADAS-C tool). Sensitivity and specificity were lower for ddPCR [0.56 (95% CI 0.53–0.58) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.96–0.98), respectively] than for qPCR [0.66 (95% CI 0.60–0.71) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99), respectively]. However, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was higher for ddPCR than for qPCR (0.97 and 0.94, respectively). Comparing both AUCs using the Hanley & McNeil method, we found statistically significant differences (AUC difference of 4.40%, p = 0.0020). In the heterogeneity analysis, we found significant differences between both techniques according to the continent of origin of the study and the location of tuberculosis (pulmonary or extrapulmonary disease). The AUCs of both methods were similar in pulmonary tuberculosis. However, for extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the AUC was higher for ddPCR. We found some limitations: (1) significant heterogeneity of the studies, and (2) we could not perform subgroup analyses according to other relevant variables, such as the age and sex of the participants. Nonetheless, this study is the first meta-analysis that shows that ddPCR has a comparable diagnostic performance than qPCR for pulmonary tuberculosis. However, for extrapulmonary tuberculosis, ddPCR has a better discriminant capacity to differentiate between patients with and without extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We conclude that ddPCR is likely the best diagnostic technic for tuberculosis diagnosis, especially for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. More studies are still needed yet. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? ID=CRD42022382768, CRD42022382768.
Application of Satellite‐Based Detections of Arctic Bromine Explosion Events Within GEOS‐Chem

During polar spring, periods of elevated tropospheric bromine drive near complete removal of surface ozone. These events impact the tropospheric oxidative capacity and are an area of active research with multiple approaches for representing the underlying processes in global models. We present a method for parameterizing emissions of molecular bromine (Br2) over the Arctic using satellite retrievals of bromine monoxide (BrO) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). OMI retrieves column BrO with daily near global coverage, and we use the GEOS‐Chem chemical mechanism, run online within the Goddard Earth Observing System Earth System Model to identify hotspots of BrO likely associated with polar processes. To account for uncertainties in modeling background BrO, hotspots are only identified where the difference between OMI and modeled columns exceeds a statistical threshold. The resulting hotspot columns are a lower‐limit for the portion of OMI BrO attributable to bromine explosion events. While these hotspots are correlated with BrO measured in the lower troposphere over the Arctic Ocean, a case study of missing detections of near‐surface BrO is identified. Daily flux of Br2 is estimated from hotspot columns of BrO using internal model parameters. When the emissions are applied, BrO hotspots are modeled with a 5% low bias. The sensitivity of the resulting ozone simulations to the treatment of background uncertainties in the BrO column is demonstrated. While periods of isolated, large (>50%) decreases in surface ozone are modeled, this technique does not simulate the low ozone observed at coastal stations and consistently underestimates ozone loss during March.
Pheno-Genotypic Screening of Medium Slender Rice Genotypes for Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) Disease Resistance

The bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is an economically important and one of the most destructive disease of rice in both irrigated and rainfed environments in Asia. In particular, in recent years, the occurrence of abnormal climate and warming phenomena has produced a good environment for bacterial leaf blight. The rice yield continues to decrease, causing 30 to 50% yield loss. Since bacterial pathogen is difficult to manage by other means effectively, developing host plant resistance is the most effective way to control this disease. So, the study was carried out during rain-fed season (July–November 2019) at Agricultural Research Station (ARS) Gangavati, Karnataka, India to identify the bacterial leaf blight resistance reaction among 22 medium slender genotypes of rice by both phenotyping and genotyping by using molecular markers linked with resistance governing bacterial leaf blight genes. Alongside TN-1 was used as susceptible check and screening was done by artificial clip inoculation method. The disease reactions were recorded one week after inoculation, with Standard Evaluation Scale (SES) for BLB ranging from 0–9, when the susceptible check (TN-1) was completely killed. None of the genotypes showed a resistant reaction, but three genotypes viz. IET-27904, IET-25520 and Rp Bio-226 showed resistant reaction against BLB. The six major BLB resistant genes genetic frequencies varied from 42.85% to 14.28% in the molecular evaluation of promising genotypes for major BLB resistant genes using three Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Sequence Tagged Sites (STS) markers respectively.
From the Clinic Transposition of the cephalic vein in therapeutic rescue of cephalic arch stenosis

Autogenous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are considered the most reliable long-term vascular access in patients undergoing haemodialysis. Although AVFs generally require fewer interventions than arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) to maintain patency, some sites of venous stenosis account for a large portion of repeated interventions. A particularly troublesome site within brachiocephalic AVFs is the cephalic arch. Cephalic arch stenosis (CAS) has been implicated in 19–77% of brachiocephalic fistula failures [1]. The cephalic arch has a unique architecture. In addition to containing a high concentration of valves and having a steep angulation, it crosses multiple tissue planes, bridging the superficial and deep venous systems while being tethered to rigid extravascular structures. These factors combine to make the cephalic arch particularly vulnerable to the development of stenotic lesions, as changes in vessel compliance produce turbulent flow. When an anastomosis is created between the brachial artery and the cephalic vein, the flow within the cephalic vein increases and the vessel starts dilating. However, the tissues surrounding the cephalic arch preclude its expansion, so that the cephalic vein narrows as it approaches its junction with the central veins. This sudden reduction in the circumference of a high-flow pathway results in an inflow–outflow mismatch, potentiating turbulence and the increased shear stress associated with it [1, 2]. When a CAS occurs, the management is not easy. Angioplasty of stenotic lesions involving the cephalic arch has limited effectiveness, which led investigators to seek surgical alternatives to treat these lesions and to preserve current fistula [1]. The option for cephalic vein transposition (CVT), described by Chen et al., involves surgical revision to redirect the blood flow to the adjacent patient veins. The surgical procedure entailed transecting the healthy portion of the cephalic vein distal to the stenotic segment in the arch, transposing and anastomosing it to the upper basilic [2] (Figure 1). We present the experience of our centre with upper arm CVT procedures in three haemodialysis patients who underwent haemodialysis treatment in the haemodialysis unit of Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal E.P.E. Two of the 3 cases did not have the possibility of endovascular treatment. In these cases CVT to basilic vein made possible the preservation of vascular access. Both accesses are patents to date, 6 and 9 months, respectively. In the other case, the CVT allowed the reduction of percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTAs)/access-year in a patient with frequent recurrent CAS (requiring angioplasty in <3-month intervals) and is also patent to date (52 months).
Learning Beyond the Content

In this article, we present an example of a student’s recently completed dissertation in practice (DiP) to demonstrate how the DiP can serve as culminating evidence of a student’s successful preparation as a scholar-practitioner. The purpose of this DiP was to determine to what extent students develop workforce skills while completing a community college education and what institutions can do to better prepare students to be successful upon graduation. Results from this mixed-method study (N = 77) suggest that graduates perceived learning a considerable amount of workforce skills during their time at the institution. However, respondents also reported that more hands-on learning would have enhanced their skill development. Through this study, the doctoral candidate was able to gain substantive results while addressing key CPED guiding principles.
Filtered and unfiltered permeability: The European and Anglo-Saxon approaches

Unfiltered permeability refers to road layouts which provide equal permeability for all modes. Filtered permeability means separating the sustainable modes from private motor traffic in order to give them an advantage in terms of speed, distance and convenience. Following the New Urbanist movement, unfiltered permeability tends to be favoured in North America and the UK, whereas filtered permeability is more common in the cities of Northern and central Europe. This article contrasts the two approaches.
Optimizing Ocean Bottom Seismometers for Shallow Water Using Shielding and Horizontal Pressure Gradient Data

We show large “shields” can significantly reduce horizontal component noise levels for ocean bottom seismometers by shielding the seismic sensors from shaking due to ocean currents. However, at short period (<1 s) some noise from vibration or rocking of the shield under current can partly couple through the ground causing peaks in the noise spectra. Deformation of the seafloor under ocean wave loading (“compliance”) raises noise levels at long period (>5 s) for both vertical and horizontal components at shallow water sites. Pressure gauge data is now routinely used to predict and remove this source of noise on vertical component data. We have developed horizontal pressure gradient (HPG) gauges to measure and remove this source of noise from horizontal component data. The combination of HPG data and shielding enables low noise long period seismic observations at otherwise very noisy shallow seafloor sites.
The Fight Against Platform Capitalism: an Inquiry into the Global Struggles of the Gig Economy

the history of tencent is also the history of China’s internet industry. tang’s work makes an important step in probing into the various roles of the state in tencent’s development that are both enabling and constraining. While this book has identified the many linkages between tencent and the domestic political and economic contexts, the geopolitical tensions and power relations at the global scale are playing a much bigger role in the integration not only of tencent but also of other China-born tech giants into the transnational capital system. topics on tencent can be further elaborated to open up more chances for interdisciplinary collaborations. tang has done an admirable job in laying the groundwork for future scholars interested in emerging China-born tech firms and their entanglements in the shifting domestic policies and in the intensifying geopolitical volatility. how Chinese firms like tencent adapt, compete, and prevail in the era of global digital capitalism remains an open, provocative, and contentious question.
A New Congestion-Based Congestion Control for Low Latency and Low Packet Drop Rate

In 2016, Google published BBR, a congestion-based congestion control algorithm that focuses on achieving the optimal operating point with the minimum delay and maximum throughput. When a single BBR flow occupies a bottleneck link, the packet sending rate and number of inflight packets of the flow achieve the optimal operating point. However, multiple BBR flows sharing a bottleneck link lead to a large latency and high packet drop rate. This is due to the maximum throughput being used for the packet sending rate, which makes the operating point far from optimal. In this paper, we propose a new congestion-based congestion control algorithm, called Low Latency and Low Drop Rate (L3DR), that keeps the operating point nearly optimal, even when multiple flows share a bottleneck link, by measuring the available bandwidth to be used for the packet sending rate. We conducted performance evaluation experiments in emulation network environments. The results indicate that L3DR can reduce the buffering delay to 38.5% and packet drop rate to 8.0% compared with BBR while achieving high throughput and high per-flow fairness.
Distinct roles of theta and alpha oscillations in the process of contingent attentional capture

Introduction Visual spatial attention can be captured by a salient color singleton that is contingent on the target feature. A previous study reported that theta (4–7 Hz) and alpha (8–14 Hz) oscillations were related to contingent attentional capture, but the corresponding attentional mechanisms of these oscillations remain unclear. Methods In this study, we analyzed the electroencephalogram data of our previous study to investigate the roles of capture-related theta and alpha oscillation activities. Different from the previous study that used color-changed placeholders as irrelevant cues, the present study adopted abrupt onsets of color singleton cues which tend to elicit phase-locked neural activities. In Experiment 1, participants completed a peripheral visual search task in which spatially uninformative color singleton cues were inside the spatial attentional window and a central rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task in which the same cues were outside the spatial attentional window. In Experiment 2, participants completed a color RSVP task and a size RSVP task in which the peripheral color singleton cues were contingent and not contingent on target feature, respectively. Results In Experiment 1, spatially uninformative color singleton cues elicited lateralized theta activities when they were contingent on target feature, irrespective of whether they were inside or outside the spatial attentional window. In contrast, the same color singleton cues elicited alpha lateralization only when they were inside the spatial attentional window. In Experiment 2, we further found that theta lateralization vanished if the color singleton cues were not contingent on target feature. Discussion These results suggest distinct roles of theta and alpha oscillations in the process of contingent attentional capture initiated by abrupt onsets of singleton cues. Theta activities may reflect global enhancement of target feature, while alpha activities may be related to attentional engagement to spatially relevant singleton cues. These lateralized neural oscillations, together with the distractor-elicited N2pc component, might consist of multiple stages of attentional processes during contingent attentional capture.
Waqf-based qardhul hassan financing preference in Malaysia: an exploratory study

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine donors’ or waqifs’ desire for waqf-based qardhul hassan financing in Malaysia using a maqasid method, where a pragmatic approach is used. Design/methodology/approach Using judgemental sampling, a total of 275 waqifs participated in this work to identify their preference in donating their money to the facility should it is introduced. Using the developed waqf-based qardhul hassan scale (WAQASCALE), this study examined the preference accordingly. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 27. Findings The results obtained were as follows: the first factor considered by the waqifs in donating money was perceived household well-being, followed by perceived recipients’ welfare, perceived mankind benevolence and perceived Muslims’ community security. Research limitations/implications The authors developed construct items that had generalisability issues as they were at the infancy stage of development among social finance scientists along with the narrow geographical constraint where the actual survey was conducted. Practical implications The results were useful in giving new guidance to state governments and Islamic banks (IBs) in Malaysia to explore further this sort of facility for the improved well-being of those affected by COVID-19. Besides, sustainable development goals (SDGs), such as poverty, hunger and responsible consumption, among others can be addressed effectively for the mutual well-being of those affected by the health crisis in an effort of combating financial hardships in the meeting of basic needs, at least. The partnership between the state government and IBs could lead to the offered qardhul hassan financing-sourced funding from waqf for reduced financial hardships by needy and poor folks. Originality/value This study introduced a new WAQASCALE in the context of qardhul hassan financing in Malaysia.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Communication in Black Families

ABSTRACT This special issue is comprised of six peer-reviewed, empirical articles focused on communication and socialization in Black families. These articles collectively explore how Black families: (a) navigate experiences of police brutality, (b) manage grief after loss, (c) engage in racial, gender, and sexual socialization of children, and (d) make sense of Black motherhood. Each article is theoretically driven and methodologically robust, offering important advancements in research on communication in Black families. In this introduction, we preview and elucidate each article’s theoretical underpinnings, main findings, and overall richness as it pertains to this special issue. We then discuss collective implications stemming from this body of work. Next, we offer positionality statements that trace the genesis of this special issue on Black families. Last, we share concluding thoughts on why representation matters and reiterate our shared responsibility as scholars to include diverse others.
Predicting the dyadic coping through self-esteem among infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: An actor-partner interdependence model

Background The population of infertile couples receiving in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in China is increasing gradually. The association of self-esteem and dyadic coping of infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer has not been reported. This investigation aimed to examine the predictive effect of self-esteem of infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer on coping strategies at the dyadic level. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 283 infertile couples was conducted at the Reproductive Center of Northwest Women and Children’s Hospital in China. Participants were asked to complete two self-administered questionnaires, to assess self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and dyadic coping (Dyadic Coping Inventory). Paired t-test and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the difference and correlation of variables between wife and husband. The actor-partner interdependence model was used to test the predictive effect of each individual’s self-esteem on their own and their partners’ dyadic coping. Results Infertile couples’ self-esteem and dyadic coping are in the medium range. The self-esteem of wives and husbands can fully predict their own dyadic coping. Meanwhile, the husband’s self-esteem can predict the wife’s stress communication (β = 0.135, p = 0.025), support dyadic coping (β = 0.142, p = 0.019), and negative dyadic coping (β = 0.133, p = 0.024), and the wife’s perceived partners’ supportive dyadic coping (β = 0.147, p = 0.014) and negative dyadic coping (β = 0.144, p = 0.016). Similarly, the wife’s self-esteem can predict the husband’s supportive dyadic coping (β = 0.195, p < 0.001), and the husband’s perceived partners’ stress communication (β = 0.184, p = 0.003) and supportive dyadic coping (β = 0.180, p = 0.002). Conclusion The actor-partner analyses revealed insight into how infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer interact and highlighted the importance of self-esteem in dyadic coping styles. Future psychological interventions can enhance self-esteem as an effective way to improve dyadic coping of infertile couples.