Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AIRBORNE TIME-DOMAIN ELECTROMAGNETICS FOR THREE- DIMENSIONAL MAPPING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SPIRITWOOD VALLEY AQUIFER

The Geological Survey of Canada commissioned a helicopter-borne time-domain electromagnetic (HTEM) survey over a 1062 km 2 area of the Spiritwood Valley in southern Manitoba to test the effectiveness of airborne time-domain electromagnetics for mapping and characterizing buried valley aquifers in the Canadian Prairies. The HTEM data exhibit rich information content; apparent conductivity maps clearly image the Spiritwood Valley in addition to a continuous incised valley along the broader valley bottom. We detect complex valley morphology with nested scales of valleys including at least three distinct valley features and multiple possible tributaries. Conductivity-depth images (CDI) derived from the TEM decays indicate that the fill materials within the incised valleys are more resistive than the broader valley fill, consistent with an interpretation of sand and gravel. Comparison of ground-based electrical resistivity and seismic reflection data allow for calibration of CDI models. Lateral spatial information is in excellent agreement between data sets. The seismic data reveal the presence of additional valley features that are not imaged by the HTEM data as having a distinct electrical signature, possibly due to diamicton fill. The CDI model underestimates the dynamic range of electrical conductivity while overestimating depths to valley bottoms; these issues may be associated with system limitations, system bandwidth, algorithm limitations and penetration depth. The integrated data sets illustrate that HTEM surveys have the potential to map complicated buried valley aquifers at a level of detail required for groundwater prospecting and management.
Evaluation of the Reanalysis Products from GSFC, NCEP, and ECMWF Using Flux Tower Observations

AbstractReanalysis products produced at the various centers around the globe are utilized for many different scientific endeavors, including forcing land surface models and creating surface flux estimates. Here, flux tower observations of temperature, wind speed, precipitation, downward shortwave radiation, net surface radiation, and latent and sensible heat fluxes are used to evaluate the performance of various reanalysis products [NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) from NCEP; 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) from ECMWF; and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) from the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)]. To combine the biases and standard deviation of errors from the separate stations, a ranking system is utilized. It is found that ERA-Interim has the lowest overall bias in 6-hourly air temper.
RM-CVaR: Regularized Multiple β-CVaR Portfolio

The problem of finding the optimal portfolio for investors is called the portfolio optimization problem. Such problem mainly concerns the expectation and variability of return (i.e., mean and variance). Although the variance would be the most fundamental risk measure to be minimized, it has several drawbacks. Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) is a relatively new risk measure that addresses some of the shortcomings of well-known variance-related risk measures, and because of its computational efficiencies, it has gained popularity. CVaR is defined as the expected value of the loss that occurs beyond a certain probability level (β). However, portfolio optimization problems that use CVaR as a risk measure are formulated with a single β and may output significantly different portfolios depending on how the β is selected. We confirm even small changes in β can result in huge changes in the whole portfolio structure. In order to improve this problem, we propose RM-CVaR: Regularized Multiple β-CVaR Portfolio. We perform experiments on well-known benchmarks to evaluate the proposed portfolio. Compared with various portfolios, RM-CVaR demonstrates a superior performance of having both higher risk-adjusted returns and lower maximum drawdown.
Dependence of evaporation on meteorological variables at different time-scales and intercomparison of estimation methods

This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the significance of five major factors, including solar radiation, vapour pressure deficit, relative humidity, wind speed and air temperature, that control evaporation were evaluated comparatively at diAerent time-scales using the data from Changines station in Switzerland. The comparative evaluation was made at hourly, daily, 10-dayand monthly time-scales. It was found that the role of controlling variables in evaporation varied with the time-scale. The vapour pressure deficit was best correlated with pan evaporation at all time-scales, while the wind speed was least correlated with pan evaporation, especially when the time period was longer than a day. In the second part, four equations for calculating evaporation, including temperature-based methods, humidity-based methods, mass transfer methods and radiation-based methods, were compared with pan evaporation. Of these four equations, the Penman equation, representing the mass transfer method, resulted in monthly evaporation values that agreed most closely with pan evaporation values. The Romanenko equation, representing the humidity method, also compared reasonably well with pan evaporation. The Turc equation, representing the radiation method, and the Thornthwaite equation, representing the temperature method, were found to underestimate evaporation significantly, especially for cold months. #1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PROCEEDINGS, INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION Thirty-First Annual Convention and Exhibition, May 2007 RE-VISITED STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE TARAKAN SUB-BASIN NORTHEAST KALIMANTAN - INDONESIA

The Tarakan sub-basin, which is located in the Northeast Kalimantan, Indonesia, is one of the prolific basins in circum Borneo. Many of the previous publications on Tarakan were mainly focused on the onshore and the shallow water regions of the basin. This is not surprising as most of the discoveries have been on the deltaic play. Recently, the exploration activity has been moved to the deep water region and the newly acquired seismic data provide a clearer picture of the structural setting and geometry of the basin and provides better clues on the most likely regional stress regime that might have affected the structures. One Major Regional Normal Fault (MRNF) appears to exist in the Tarakan sub-basin. This master fault is a down to basin (to the East) system and subdivides the sub-basin into the so-called stable area (Footwall) and depocentre (Hangingwall). The fault separates areas with different tectonic regimes and probably marks the transition between two different crust types. The depocentre area is dominated by a thin skinned deformation, comprising of a series of NNE-SSW growth fault and gravity-driven thrusting (toe-thrust). In contrast, the structural domain in the stable area seems to involve basement. In the stable area, NW-SE synthetic sinistral strike slip faults and NNE-SSW en echelon anticlines are considered to fit the strain ellipsoid associated to sinistral strike slip movements. The Tarakan sub-basin has undergone a series of tectonic deformation after the rifting phase that took
Effects of nitrogen on growth and carbohydrate formation in Porphyridium cruentum

The microalga Porphyridium cruentum (Rhodophyta) has several industrial and pharmaceutical uses, especially for its polysaccharide production. This study aimed to investigate the influence of nitrogen levels as reflected by altered N:P ratios on the production and content of biomass and carbohydrate. N:P molar ratios were altered in batch cultures to range from 1.6 to 50 using the Redfield ratio of 1:16 as reference. Algal growth (estimated as final cell number, biomass concentration and maximum specific growth rate) was negatively affected at low N:P ratios. The optimal N:P ratio for growth was identified at 35–50, with specific growth rates of 0.19 day−1 and maximum cell concentrations of 59·108 cells L−1 and 1.2 g dry weight of biomass L−1. In addition, variation in cell size was seen. Cells with larger diameters were at higher N:P ratios and smaller cells at lower ratios. The cellular carbohydrate content increased under reduced nitrogen availability. However, because accumulation was moderate at the lowest N:P ratio, 0.4 g per g dry weight biomass compared to 0.24 at the Redfield ratio of 16:1, conditions for increased total carbohydrate formation were identified at the N:P ratios optimal for growth. Additionally, carbohydrates were largely accumulated in late exponential to stationary phase.
Twenty‐first century changes in daily temperature variability in CMIP3 climate models

Changes in the daily mean surface air temperature distribution between the time periods 1981–2000 and 2081–2100 in 15 climate model simulations participating in the Third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) are analysed. Variability is defined by first removing the annual cycle after which the range and skewness of the temperature distribution are calculated. Present‐day biases for the different aspects of the distribution are also studied, using the ERA‐Interim reanalysis as the main reference dataset. The variability in the simulations compared to reanalysis is generally smaller over oceans and larger over land areas. For skewness of the temperature distribution, inter‐model variability is much larger and systematic model biases are more local. Model performance regarding the mean values is potentially a good indicator of the model performance for range, but for skewness this relation is weaker. For future changes in the range of daily temperature variability, the models agree best over the Northern Hemisphere mid‐ to high‐latitude land areas, where variability is simulated to decrease. Elsewhere, the inter‐model differences are generally larger than the multi‐model mean changes. Near the sea ice border, significant negative correlations are found between the changes in mean temperature and the temperature range. For changes in skewness, the signal‐to‐noise ratio is very low over most areas and no firm conclusions can be drawn from the ensemble results. Our results are relatively insensitive to the precise definition of the range and skewness metrics and to internal variability of climate.
EFFECT OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON BLOOD PLASMA IgG AND LEPTIN PROFILES IN BUFFALOES

SUMMARY This experiment was conducted during 2010 (August and September) in two buffalo farms located at Giza (F1) and Qena (F2) governorates. A total of 10 buffaloes (3 to 6 parities) was assigned to two experimental groups (n=5 per location). Blood samples were collected fortnightly at 09:00 h before feeding all the experimental animals to assess Leptin and IgG profiles as affected by Temperature Humidity Index (THI). To calculate the THI, meteorological data were collected at the two locations of the experiment. The results demonstrated that Leptin concentration was greater (P<0.05) in F1 (4.15±0.41 ng/ml) than F2 (1.86±0.41 ng/ml). There was a negative (P<0.05) correlation between Leptin and THI (r = -0.37). No significant (P<0.05) difference in IgG levels was observed among animals in the two farms. The plasma IgG concentration in buffaloes reared at F1 (19450±1480 mg/l) was greater than that of F2 (18439±1480 mg/l). There was no correlation between the levels of leptin hormone and total IgG. In conclusion, the increase of heat load during August to September presented as THI on lactating buffalo decreases their leptin hormone and total IgG level in blood plasma.
Silent zero TE MR neuroimaging: Current state-of-the-art and future directions Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners produce loud acoustic noise originating from vibrational Lorentz forces induced by rapidly changing currents in the magnetic ﬁeld gradient coils. Using zero echo time (ZTE) MRI pulse sequences, gradient switching can be reduced to a minimum, which enables near silent operation. Besides silent MRI, ZTE offers further interesting characteristics, including a nominal echo time of TE = 0 (thus capturing short-lived signals from MR tissues which are otherwise MR- invisible), 3D radial sampling (providing motion robustness), and ultra-short repetition times (providing fast and efﬁcient scanning). In this work we describe the main concepts behind ZTE imaging with a focus on conceptual understanding of the imaging sequences, relevant acquisition parameters, commonly observed image artefacts, and image contrasts. We will further describe a range of methods for anatom- ical and functional neuroimaging, together with recommendations for successful implementation.
eMSAM (deprenyl patch): how a promising antidepressant was underutilized

: The EMSAM patch is a unique monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) being the only antidepressant utilizing a transdermal delivery system. This was welcomed by clinicians who hoped that EMSAM would be better tolerated than oral MAOIs and non-MAOI antide-pressants, as well as being effective for treatment in a wide spectrum of depressed patients including atypical depression, bipolar depression, and refractory depression. Unfortunately, the clinical use of EMSAM has been underutilized and its potential usefulness overlooked. This article suggests that fear of possible side effects, particularly the “cheese reaction” and serotonin syndrome, are some of the main contributors to underutilization by clinicians. These risks have been significantly exaggerated with the 6 mg/day dose not even requiring a special diet. Other contributing factors leading to underutilization are reviewed such as: the lack of studies addressing many important clinical questions; inadequate data analyses; not evaluating the effect of EMSAM on comorbid psychiatric conditions, particularly anxiety disorders; lack of antidepressant comparators versus EMSAM; no dose–response relationship examined; various depressive subtypes and conditions are unexplored, eg, bipolar depression and refractory depression; poor insurance coverage for an expensive medication; as well as minimal marketing efforts and postmarketing studies. On the other hand, many potential advantages of EMSAM are not highlighted enough in the literature and by pharmaceutical companies which might have increased clinical interest and utilization of the antidepressant. For example, the advantages of EMSAM include: avoidance of swallowing issues, as can be seen with oral antidepressants; minimal side effects, probably due to a favorable pharmacokinetic profile; minimal evidence of suicidal behavior, probably relating to the transdermal route of administration; low rates of inducing hypomanic/manic episodes; as well as significant efficacy in “anxious depression” and atypical depression. Recent efforts in conducting some post hoc analyses and presentations on EMSAM may yet stimulate further clinical interest and use of this antidepressant.
Evaluation of children presenting to the emergency room after electrical injury.

BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate children who presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department with electrical injury and to discuss the follow-up of these cases and potential precautions that can be taken. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 patients presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department with electrical injury between May 2010 and May 2013, and these cases were investigated retrospectively. The patients' age and sex, location and form of exposure to electric current, seasonal distribution, length of hospital stay, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system complications, renal damage, and treatments were recorded. RESULTS The majority of the patients were exposed to low-voltage electrical current at home. When the patients were evaluated based on the type of electric current, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-myocardial isoenzyme levels were found to be significantly higher among patients who were exposed to high-voltage electric current. None of the patients died, and the mean length of hospital stay was 2.50 ± 1.06 days. CONCLUSION Electrical injuries can present with a wide variety of problems, ranging from a simple injury to life-threatening severe multiple organ injury. Even simple precautions can prevent possible morbidity and mortality. We think that the public level of knowledge and awareness should be increased.
The influence of the metastasis pattern of mediastinal lymph nodes on the postoperative radiotherapy’s efficacy for the IIIA-pN2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis of 220 patients

Objective The use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) remains controversial for Stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, a possible reason is that IIIA-pN2 NSCLC diseases are a heterogeneous group with different clinicopathologic features. The aim of this research was to prove whether the mediastinal lymph nodes’ (LNs) skipping status could indicate the necessity of the PORT for the pN2 NSCLC patients. Methods The skip metastasis was defined as pN0N2 (no N1 LN involved), and nonskip metastasis was pN1N2 (one or more N1 LNs involved). Patients were divided into two groups: LNs nonskip and LNs skip, and postoperative chemoradiotherapy (POCRT) and postoperative chemotherapy. Then, the LN nonskip and LN skip groups were further divided into subgroups: POCRT and point of care testing (POCT) for subgroup analysis. Results There were 220 cases included in the analysis, and 43 of them received PORT. On univariate analysis, the median 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) was, respectively, 16 months (27.7%) for the LN skip group and 11 months (15.3%) for the LN nonskip group (P=0.001). The median 3-year overall survival (OS) was, respectively, 35 months (47.0%) for the LN skip group and 27 months (38.7%) for the LN nonskip group (P=0.025). The median 3-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was, respectively, 25 months (41.0%) for the LN skip group and19 months (29.9%) for the LN nonskip group (P=0.014). The median 3-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was, respectively, 22 months (32.5%) for the LN skip group and 15 months (20.4%) for the LN nonskip group (P=0.013). The median 3-year PFS was, respectively, 17 months (25.6%) for the POCRT group and 12 months (18.6%) for the POCT group (P=0.037). Although the POCRT group showed better OS, LRFS, and DMFS than the POCT group, the results showed no statistical significance. In subgroup analysis, there was no statistical significance in the Kaplan–Meier analysis between subgroups, but it showed that POCRT resulted in better PFS, OS, and DMFS in both LN skip and LN nonskip subgroups; this advantage was more obvious in the LN skip subgroup. Conclusion The LN skip status is closely related to the survival of the IIIA-N2 NSCLC disease, and the LN skip patients may get more benefit in PFS and LRFS than the LN nonskip patients from PORT.
The AMIGA project. I. Optical characterization of the CIG catalog

The AMIGA project (Analysis of the Interstellar Medium of Isolated Galaxies) is compiling a multiwavelength database of isolated galaxies that includes optical (B and Hα), infrared (FIR and NIR) and radio (continuum plus HI and CO lines) properties. It involves a refinement of the pioneering Catalog of Isolated Galaxies. This paper is the first in a series and begins with analysis of the global properties of the nearly redshift-complete CIG with emphasis on the Optical Luminosity Function (OLF) which we compare with other recent estimates of the OLF for a variety of environments. The CIG redshift distribution for n = 956 galaxies re-enforces the evidence for a bimodal structure seen earlier in smaller samples. The peaks at redshift near 1500 and 6000 km s −1 , corresponding respectively to galaxies in the local supercluster and those in more distant large-scale components (particularly Perseus-Pisces). The two peaks in the redshift distribution are superimposed on 50% or more of the sample that is distributed in a much more homogeneous way. The CIG probably represents the most homogeneous local field example that has ever been compiled. Our derivation of the CIG OLF is consistent with other studies of the OLF for lower density environments. This comparison via the Schechter parameter formalization shows that: 1) M ∗ increases with galaxy surface density on the sky and 2) α shows a weaker tendency to do the same. The CIG represents the largest and most complete foundation for studies of isolated galaxies and is likely as close as we can come to a field sample.
Simulations of the 1987 and 1988 Indian Monsoons Using the LMD GCM

Abstract Results from 90-day simulations with the LMD GCM are described, where sea surface temperatures of 1987 or 1988 years are respectively prescribed. The initial states correspond to 1 June 1987 and 1 June 1988. The simulated precipitation rates over India show a strong contrast between the two years, with drought occurring during summer 1987 and abundant rainfall during summer 1988. The dry regime simulated during 1987 corresponds to an eastward displacement of the outflow at 200 mb and a weaker westerly flow at the surface as compared with 1988, both features being in agreement with reality. Because it is more difficult for models to simulate rainfall differences than to simulate wind variations between the two years, the changes in simulated rainfall over India are studied in more detail. In particular, more integrations are carried out to test the sensitivity of rainfall variations to initial conditions, and the result is that the decrease of rainfall in 1987 compared to 1988 is a robust feature .
Combined H∞-feedback and eterative learning control design with application to nanopositioning systems

This paper presents a coordinated design framework for precision motion control (PMC) systems. In particular, the focus is on the design of feedback and feedforward controllers operating on systems that repeatedly perform the same tasks. The repetitive nature of the tasks suggests the use of Iterative Learning Control (ILC). However, in addition to the repeatability of the desired trajectory, the class of systems under study examines the effect of non-repeating disturbances and possible reset errors. The rejection of uncertain, but bounded, disturbances suggests the use of H infin design. The non-repeating disturbances and reset errors necessitate coordination of the feedback and feedforward designs. The assumption that the disturbances have a particular frequency distribution affords a frequency domain separation between the two controller degrees of freedom. Experimental results are given on a piezo-driven nanopositioning device demonstrating the benefits to the presented approach.
Vertical and horizontal reciprocity in a theory of taxpayer compliance Jan

This paper examines the interplay of horizontal and vertical reciprocity in determining the degree of tax compliance. Horizontal reciprocity is of the type that is frequently observed in public goods games, where reciprocally minded taxpayers may respond to non-contributing, strictly selfish taxpayers by mimicking their selfish behaviour. Vertical reciprocity is located in the relationship between the taxpayer and her government. Some recent empirical evidence is suggesting that initial cooperation of taxpayers with the fiscal authorities is not so much the result of positive reciprocity, but rather of a general tendency to obey authorities. Vertical reciprocity is therefore modeled as the propensity of taxpayers to retaliate against an uncooperative government by means of reducing the level of tax compliance. This allows us to identify feedback mechanisms between horizontal and vertical reciprocity. JEL-Classification: H26, Z13.