Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses to UV‐B radiation in Trifolium repens L. – physiological links to plant productivity and water availability

This study used comparisons across nine populations of Trifolium repens (white clover) in conjunction with drought to examine physiological responses to ultravioletB radiation (UV-B). Plants were exposed for 12 weeks to supplementation with 13.3 kJ m - 2 d - 1 UV-B, accompanied by 4 weeks of drought under controlled environmental conditions. UV-B increased the levels of UV-B-absorbing compounds and of flavonol glycosides and this effect was synergistically enhanced by water stress. These changes were more pronounced for the ortho -dihydroxylated quercetin, rather than the monohydroxylated kaempferol glycosides. UV-B increased leaf water potential ( y L ) by 16% under drought and proline levels by 23% under wellwatered conditions. The intraspecific comparisons showed that higher UV-B-induced levels of UV-B-absorbing compounds, of quercetin glycosides and of y L were linked to lower plant productivity and to higher UV-B tolerance under well-watered conditions. These findings suggest that: (1) slow-growing T. repens ecotypes adapted to other stresses have higher capacity for physiological acclimation to UV-B; and (2) that these attributes also contribute to decreased UV-B sensitivity under drought.
The Natural Selection of Sexual Cannibalism

Sexual cannibalism, in which a male is eaten by his mate following copulation, is expected to convey a selective advantage to the male under certain conditions. As shown quantitatively in our model the phenomenon is expected when (1) a male can mate only a few times in his lifetime and (2) the cannibalism significantly increases the number and/or viability of eggs fertilized by his own sperm. The expected number of male matings appears to be the more important of these two conditions. The few available observations of sexual cannibalism in several species of arthropods agree qualitatively with the predictions of our model. The same parameters of the model also explain why sexual cannibalism is generally rare among vertebrates. Phenomena selecting for sexual cannibalism appear more closely related to paternal investment strategies than to ecological factors associated with other forms of cannibalism. Because few field studies of invertebrates have followed the mating history of marked males, we cannot test our model quantitatively with existing data. We suggest specific field observations which would provide quantitative estimates of the expected number of male matings. In addition we describe possible laboratory experiments which would give more precise measurements of the increase in fecundity of the cannibalized male.
Large Shareholders and Sticky Prices: Evidence from a Corporate Governance Reform∗

New Keynesian models often assume firms bear real resource costs to change product prices to maximize value for the firm as a whole. If, however, firms’ large shareholders bear disproportionally high costs but enjoy few benefits, they will veto proposals in support of any price changes and, as a result, prices will be sticky. We test this hypothesis using matched administrative customs and firm data that allows us to compare pricing strategies of the same product to the same destination. Our difference-in-differences framework exploits a mandatory corporate governance reform in China that differentially stimulates large shareholders’ incentive to care about firm value. Following the reform, firms actively adjust producer-currency prices to stabilize buyer prices in response to real-exchange-rate fluctuations, and the effects are stronger when large shareholders’ incentives are more stimulated. The results are mainly driven by product-destination markets in which flexible pricing strategies are costlier to implement, by firms that are more in need of external finance, and by SOEs that are more affected by the reform. We conclude that the separation of ownership and control constitutes an important source of price stickiness. JEL classification: E12, E44, F14, G32, G34, G38
Composição e preferência por microhábitat de imaturos de Odonata (Insecta) em um trecho de baixada do Rio Ubatiba, Maricá-RJ, Brasil

Composition and microhabitat preferences of Odonata (Insecta) immatures in a lowland section of the Rio Ubatiba, Marica-RJ, Brazil. Monthly sampling was held from May, 1999 to May, 2000 in the Rio Ubatiba, a lowland river situated at Marica district, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Seven different substrates were collected along fifty meters. A total of 1,279 larvae of Odonata were collected and identified in 27 species, belonging to five families. The most numerous species were Acanthagrion lancea (Selys, 1876), Hetaerina auripennis (Burmeister, 1839), Micrathyria hesperis Ris, 1911 and Telebasis filiola (Perty, 1834). The greatest number of individuals were found in "riparian plants in depositional areas". In general, the species recorded showed habitat preferences: Dythemis multipunctata Kirby, 1894, Erythrodiplax sp. , M. hesperis, T. filiola, A. lancea, Erythemis sp. , Coryphaeschna adnexa (Hagen, 1861) and H. auripennis seem to prefer organic substrates and Brechmorhoga sp. , B. praeCOX (Hagen, 1969) and Progomphus complicatus Selys, 1854, inorganic substrates.
Free amino acid content of phloem sap from Brassica plants in relation to performance of Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Summary Cultivars of Brassica juncea, B. napus and B. campestris, differing in host-suitability to the mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae Kalt.), were analysed for their phloem sap content of free amino acids. Sap was collected from excised mustard aphid stylets and analysed by means of high performance liquid chromatography. Aspartic and glutamic acid were, together with glutamine, the dominating amino acids. All plants had very little glycine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), methionine and tryptophan in their sap. This amino acid pattern closely resembled that of cereals. The total concentration and the individual composition of amino acids were not found to be related to the level of aphid resistance previously found in the investigated Brassica species. However, one B. campestris cultivar, yellow sarson YSB-9, on which the aphids were shown to grow more slowly, had less amino acid content than other B. campestris varieties. The slow population growth of aphids on B. juncea, compared to that on B. campestris, is probably due to other than nutritional factors.
Policing the Police: The Impact of "Pattern-or-Practice" Investigations on Crime

This paper provides the first empirical examination of the impact of federal and state "Pattern-or-Practice" investigations on crime and policing. For investigations that were not preceded by "viral" incidents of deadly force, investigations, on average, led to a statistically significant reduction in homicides and total crime. In stark contrast, all investigations that were preceded by "viral" incidents of deadly force have led to a large and statistically significant increase in homicides and total crime. We estimate that these investigations caused almost 900 excess homicides and almost 34,000 excess felonies. The leading hypothesis for why these investigations increase homicides and total crime is an abrupt change in the quantity of policing activity. In Chicago, the number of police-civilian interactions decreased by almost 90% in the month after the investigation was announced. In Riverside CA, interactions decreased 54%. In St. Louis, self-initiated police activities declined by 46%. Other theories we test such as changes in community trust or the aggressiveness of consent decrees associated with investigations -- all contradict the data in important ways.
Depressive symptoms in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its relationship with glycemic control

Objective: The current study assessed depressive symptoms in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and explored whether these symptoms were associated with glycemic control. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Patients attending diabetes consultations participated in the study (N = 347). Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and glycemic control was based on A1C criteria. Results: The mean score on the BDI, for either T1DM or T2DM, was not clinically significant and was not associated with diagnosis duration. The association between depression and glycemic control was significant in both DM types. T2DM participants presenting more depressive symptoms were those with greater glycemic control. T1DM and T2DM differences regarding depressive symptoms were in somatic symptoms. Conclusions: In T2DM depressive symptoms may be confounded with DM physical consequences. There is also the possibility that negative mood plays a mediating role in mobilizing survival strategies that promote glycemic control. Furthermore, the assessment of depressive symptomatology in patients with diabetes could benefit from the availability of a disease-specific measure.
Effects of mobility on daily attraction to light traps: comparison between lepidopteran and coleopteran communities

Abstract. 1 Light traps have been widely used for surveying insect community structure, but some biases are known to occur under certain meteorological conditions. 2 In addition to weather factors, we raise the novel hypothesis that if the daily movement distance of focal insects is shorter than the effective range of the light trap, then the species richness and abundance of the daily captures will increase during the course of the night. 3 This study examined the daily attraction patterns of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera to light traps and the factors affecting the attraction of these communities. Light traps were run for three consecutive nights in each month from April to October 2001 in a cool‐temperate forest in Japan. 4 The species richness and abundance of Coleoptera increased during trap nights, whereas lepidopteran captures remained constant. Meteorological factors influenced the capture of both communities throughout the sampling season, but the daily increment in Coleoptera was not explained by the daily trends in weather conditions. 5 We argue that the daily augmentation of Coleoptera capture rate results from the daily movement distance of Coleoptera being generally shorter than the effective and perceivable range of the light traps. These results suggest that consideration of the typical daily movement of a focal taxon is required when conducting biological monitoring using light trap sampling.
Organizational Climate and Effectiveness Relationship in IT Sector: Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment

Human resource of an organization is considered as a central variable which affects the effectiveness of an organization. In this competitive era employees are considered as an asset to the organization and it is the only resource which can use all other resources within organization in an effective way. Human resource with its skills, capability, talent and intelligence can help an organization to achieve its objectives. The performance of employees will only be high when a favourable environment with growth opportunities will be provided to them. The present study focuses on the effect of organizational climate on organizational effectiveness of IT sector with organizational commitment as a mediator. Data was collected through structured questionnaire with the help of convenient sampling from 350 employees from Delhi and NCR. Process macro along with AMOS was used to measure the mediating effect of commitment between organizational climate and organizational effectiveness. A significant partial mediation using Bootstrapping was found with an indirect effect of organizational climate on organizational effectiveness (β= .32, Boot (LLCI= .8678, ULCI= 1.599). Total effect of organizational climate on Organizational effectiveness was . 71, whereas direct effect was . 39
Morphological and Cultural Characters in Determination of Virulence of Alternaria helianthi on Sunflower

Ten isolates of A. helianthi were collected from different sunflower growing areas of Tamil Nadu and their pathogenicity was proved under laboratory conditions. The most virulent isolates (I ) was collected from 3 Narnapuram. Variations among different isolates indicated that, I recorded the maximum conidial length 3 (62.16μm), width (15.60 μm), beak length (24.50 μm) and maximum number of conidial cells (3-8). Among different solid and liquid media tested, Potato dextrose agar medium supported the fungus to attain the maximum growth of all the ten isolates of A. helianthi.
Effect of weeding regime on the performance of transplanted aman rice

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from June to December 2016 to evaluate the effect of weeding regime on the performance of transplanted aman rice. The experiment consisted of three transplanted aman rice cultivars i.e., Nizershail, BRRI dhan62 and BRRI dhan73 with eight weeding regime treatments such as no weeding, application of pre-emergence herbicide (Rifit 500EC), application of early post-emergence herbicide (Changer 18 WP), application of pre-emergence followed by early post-emergence herbicide, application of pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 35 DAT , application of early post-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 35 DAT, stale seed bed technique and stale seed bed technique followed by application of early post-emergence herbicide (Changer18 WP). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Twelve weed species belonging to six families infested the experimental plots. Weed density and weed dry weight were significantly affected by cultivars and weeding regimes. The maximum weed growth was noticed with the dwarf cultivar BRRI dhan62 and the minimum weed growth with long stature cultivar Nizershail. Weeding regime had also significant effect on all the studied crop parameters. Among the cultivars, grain yield was the highest in BRRI dhan73 due to highest number of grains panicle in this cultivar. The highest grain yield was obtained from application of early postemergence herbicide (Changer18 WP) due to the highest number of effective tillers hill , highest number of grains panicle and heaviest 1000-grain weight in this treatment. Rice cultivar BRRI dhan73 × application of early post-emergence herbicide Changer 18WP produced the highest grain yield which was statistically similar with application of pre-emergence herbicide, application of preemergence herbicide followed by early post-emergence herbicide, application of pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 35 DAT and application of early post-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 35 DAT with the same cultivar. From the economic analysis it is observed that the highest BCR was observed from the application of early post-emergence herbicide Changer 18WP @ 1 L ha followed by one hand weeding at 35 DAT in BRRI dhan62. Therefore, application of early post-emergence herbicide Changer 18WP @ 1 L ha followed by one hand weeding at 35 DAT was effective and economic than other weed control treatments in controlling weeds and in producing highest net return.
Doing Good in the Hood

A paradox in the immigration literature is that some immigrant youth outperform others even when they belong to underprivileged immigrant communities and attend disadvantageous schools. The neighborhood may an indicator in explaining the educational gap among immigrant children. Ethnographic studies suggest that coethnic neighborhoods may have a positive effect even if neighbors are of low SES. This relationship has not been examined quantitatively or comparatively with other neighborhoods. Using the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Data in California, I examine the effect of living in a concentrated coethnic neighborhood on the educational attainment of second generation Mexican, Filipino, and Vietnamese youth. The results indicate that coethnic residence has a positive effect on educational attainment for Vietnamese immigrants but not among Mexican and Filipino immigrant youth.
Reduced-order modelling of thick inertial flows around rotating cylinders

A new model for the behaviour of a thick, two-dimensional layer of fluid on the surface of a rotating cylinder is presented, incorporating the effects of inertia, rotation, viscosity, gravity and capillarity. Comparisons against direct numerical simulations (DNS) show good accuracy for fluid layers of thickness of the same order as the cylinder radius, even for Reynolds numbers up to $Re\sim 10$. A rich and complex parameter space is revealed, and is elucidated via a variety of analytical and numerical techniques. At moderate rotation rates and fluid masses, the system exhibits either periodic behaviour or converges to a steady state, with the latter generally being favoured by greater masses and lower rotation rates. These behaviours, and the bifurcation structure of the transitions between them, are examined using a combination of both the low-order model and DNS. Specific attention is dedicated to newly accessible regions of parameter space, including the multiple steady state solutions observed for the same parameter values by Lopes et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 835, 2018, pp. 540–574), where the corresponding triple limit point bifurcation structure is recovered by the new low-order model. We also inspect states in which the interface becomes multivalued – and thus outside the reach of the reduced-order model – via DNS. This leads to highly nonlinear multivalued periodic structures appearing at moderate thicknesses and relatively large rotation rates. Even much thicker films may eventually reach steady states (following complex early evolution), provided these are maintained by a combination of forces sufficiently large to counteract gravity.
Pacemaker detected prolonged atrial high rate episodes – Incidence, predictors and implications; a retrospective observational study

Introduction Atrial tachyarrhythmias especially atrial fibrillation are the most commonly encountered arrhythmias in clinical practice. Most atrial tachyarrhythmia episodes are subclinical. Cardiac implantable electronic devices with atrial sensing function enable detection of atrial tachyarrhythmias through means of atrial high rate event algorithms. Prolonged atrial high rate episodes(AHRE) above a defined rate and duration threshold represent episodes of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and longer atrial tachycardias that correlate strongly with risk for thromboembolic events. Objective 1. To examine the occurrence of prolonged AHRE in dual-chamber pacemaker recipients over the study period. 2. To examine the factors which influence the occurrence of prolonged AHRE in these patients. Methods In this study, we analyzed data of 398 patients without valvular heart disease or history of atrial fibrillation who underwent dual chamber permanent pacemaker implantation at our center from January 2013 to June 2018. Patient demographics, cardiovascular comorbidities, medications, echocardiographic parameters such as ejection fraction and left atrial(LA) dimension were obtained. Also, we collected pacing characteristics such as paced QRS duration(QRSd), ventricular pacing site and cumulative percentage ventricular paced beats. Results Prolonged AHRE occurred in 59 patients(14.8%). Baseline LA dimension was greater in patients with prolonged AHRE(median 35 mm, IQR 33–37 vs median 35 mm, IQR 34–38, P = 0.004) compared to those without. Paced QRSd was significantly longer in patients with prolonged AHRE (median of 147 ms, IQR 139–160 ms vs 140 ms, IQR 132–150 ms; P < 0.001). On multivariable logistic regression, paced QRSd(OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.02–1.06; P = 0.001) and baseline LA dimension(OR 1.14, 95%CI 1.03–1.27; P = 0.01) significantly co-predicted AHRE. On Kaplan Meier analysis, patients with paced QRSd≥142 ms had more likelihood of developing prolonged AHRE during follow up (HR 2.46, CI 1.40–4.3, P = 0.001). After adjusting for baseline values, patients with paced QRSd≥142 ms had significant decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (adjusted mean difference −1.27%; P = 0.02) and significant LA dilation (adjusted mean difference 0.62 mm; P = 0.05) Conclusion In our study, paced QRSd and LA dimension were the strongest predictors for prolonged AHRE. The incidence of AHRE may be reduced by achieving the narrowest possible paced QRSd during device implantation.
Cytoskeleton and paclitaxel sensitivity in breast cancer: The role of β‐tubulins

The antineoplastic effect of paclitaxel is mainly related to its ability to bind the β subunit of tubulin, thus preventing tubulin chain depolarization and inducing apoptosis. The relevance of the Class I β‐tubulin characteristics have also been confirmed in the clinical setting where mutations of paclitaxel‐binding site of β‐tubulin Class I have been related to paclitaxel resistance in non small cell lung and ovarian cancers. In the present study, we verified the hypothesis of a relationship between molecular alterations of β‐tubulin Class I and paclitaxel sensitivity in a panel of breast cell lines with different drug IC50. The Class I β‐tubulin gene cDNA has been sequenced detecting heterozygous missense mutations (exon 1 and 4) only in MCF‐7 and SK‐BR‐3 lines. Furthermore, the expression (at both mRNA and protein level) of the different isotypes have been analyzed demonstrating an association between low cell sensitivity to paclitaxel and Class III β‐tubulin expression increasing. Antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) experiments confirmed that the inhibition of Class III β‐tubulin could at least partially increase paclitaxel‐chemosensitivity. The hypothesis of a relationship between β‐tubulin tumor expression and paclitaxel clinical response has been finally verified in a series of 92 advanced breast cancer patients treated with a first line paclitaxel‐based chemotherapy. Thirty‐five percent (95% CI: 45–31) of patients with high Class III β‐tubulin expression showed a disease progression vs. only 7% of patients with low expression (35% vs. 7%, p < 0.002). Our study suggests that Class III β‐tubulin tumor expression could be considered a predictive biomarker of paclitaxel‐clinical resistance for breast cancer patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Essential Oil of a Variant of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud) Wats. from Northeast India

Abstract The chemical composition of the oil of a phenotypic variant of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud) Wats. , growing wild in northeast India, was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Fifty compounds, representing 98.3% of the oil were identified. The major constituent was elemicin (53.0%) while other significant components (>3%) were limonene (11.6%), the β-ocimenes (7.6%), camphene (4.1%) and 1-epi-cubenol (3.9%).