Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Stability of Random Vortices in an Ion Concentration Polarization Layer with Imposed Normal Fluid Flow

While nanoscale electrokinetic studies based on ion concentration polarization has been actively researched recently, random vortices naturally occur, leading to significantly destabilize in laboratory experiments or practical applications. These random vortices agitate the fluid inside microchannels and let the sample molecules seriously leak out preventing them from being controlled. Therefore, several trials have been reported to regulate those uninvited fluctuations by fluid flow tangential to a nanoporous membrane. Indeed, the influence of normal flow should be studied since the mass transport happens in the normal direction to the membrane. Thus, in this work, the nonlinear influence of normal flow to the instability near ion-selective surface was investigated by fully-coupled direct numerical simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics. The investigation on the effect of normal flow revealed that a space charge layer plays a significant role in the onset and growth of instability. The normal flow from the reservoir into the ion-selective surface pushed the space charge layer and decreased the size of vortices. However, there existed a maximum point for the growth of instability. The squeeze of the space charge layer increased the gradient of ion concentration in the layer, which resulted in escalating the velocity of vortices. On the other hand, the normal flow from the ion-selective surface into the reservoir suppressed the instability by spreading ions in the expanding space charge layer, leading to the reduction of ion concentration delayed the onset of instability. These two different mechanisms rendered asymmetric transition of stability as a function of the Peclet number and applied voltage. Therefore, this investigation would help understand the growth of instability and control the inevitable random vortices for the inhibition of fluid-agitation and leakage.
Crisis telephone consultation for deliberate self-harm patients: How the study groups used the telephone and usual health-care services

Eight hundred and twenty-seven deliberate self-harm (DSH) patients admitted to medical wards were randomly allocated to either control or intervention (Green Card) groups. In addition to treatment as usual the intervention group was offered crisis telephone support. Analyses are presented on the way the telephone help-line was used as well as both groups‘ utilisation of primary and secondary healthcare services. Only a minority (17%) of subjects given a Green Card actually used it and most calls (85%) lasted 30 minutes or less. Subjects with no previous history of DSH were less likely to make calls than were those with a previous history. Intervention group subjects were offered fewer psychiatric out-patient appointments and fewer non-psychiatric in-patient admissions than controls. An urgent telephone consultation service for DSH patients is feasible to run and may result in a reduced requirement for other health-care services. On present evidence such a service should be confined to patients with no previous history of DSH.
Entering treatment for substance misuse: A review of the literature

Research on the reasons for or against entering treatment for alcohol and drug misuse has investigated biological, psychological, and social factors, as well as life events and the effect of previous treatment experiences. However, many of these studies have a number of methodological and conceptual problems. Overall, research in this area is still inconclusive, and hence it is difficult to accurately predict who will enter treatment. Furthermore, the perspective of the user has been largely ignored with only a limited number of qualitative studies reported in the literature. Qualitative methodology allows a more systematic exploration of the users' perspective. Understanding substance misusers' reasons for entering treatment is important and can be used in clinical practice. It is suggested that future research in this area needs to take more notice of the user's perspective by combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies. In addition there is a need to develop a more coherent conceptual framework for understanding the process of treatment entry.
Effects of Feeding and Maturation System on Qualitative Characteristics of Buffalo Meat (Bubalus bubalis)

Simple Summary Nowadays, consumers used to being properly informed when purchased animal products. They are influenced by some meat characteristics like colour and tenderness. Nutrition is an important strategy to influence these properties, together with post day ageing processes. In this regard, the inclusion of fresh forage during fattening period and a prolonged maturation time in a monitored refrigeration device as Maturmeat®, were assessed on 16 Italian Mediterranean buffalo bulls. Data regarding physical-chemical analyses, colour and texture on two muscles, the Semitendinosus and the Longissimus muscles, were recorded during two maturation times (30 and 60 days). The combined used of fresh forage inclusion and post dry ageing processes influenced in a different way the two considered muscles, suggesting that different muscles could have different properties. Moreover, meat colour changed in both muscles in animals fed green forage and maturated in Maturmeat® while no significant change was observed in the control group. In conclusion, the use of this monitored post dry ageing system could influence the saleable yield and productivity of buffalo meat and allow the creation of ready-to-eat food, produced starting from raw ground meat, that is very requested by the consumers. Abstract We aimed to evaluate the effects of post dry ageing (PDA) period on meat colour and rheological characteristics in 16 buffalo bulls fed two different diets: with (FRS) or without (CTL) rye grass. Animals were randomly divided into two feeding groups and slaughtered at 540 ± 4.7 and 533 ± 7.0 kg of live body weight, respectively, for the CTL and FRS group. After five days post-mortem ageing (T0), Semitendinosus muscle (ST) and Longissimus muscle (LD) underwent a prolonged maturation process in a controlled meat chamber for 30 days (ST) and until 60 days (LD). After 30 days (T1), significant changes (p < 0.01) in meat colour (ΔE) in both muscles of the FRS group was recorded, while no significant change was observed in CTL group. The FRS diet had a positive effect on textural properties of ST muscle compared to CTL diet, as well as hardness, chewiness and gumminess. All qualitative characteristics improved in the first period of PDA but, whereas LD showed to keep improving, extending the post-ageing period by further 30 days, the ST becomes un-processable at 60 days. In conclusion, a combined used of fresh feeding and PDA period could enhance both tenderness and colour in animal fed FSR.
Effect of Filler Type on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Metakaolinite-Based Geopolymer Composites

Metakaolinite-based geopolymer binder was prepared at room temperature by mixing calcined claystone and potassium alkaline activator. Various granular inorganic fillers were added, amounting to 65 vol % to form geopolymer composites. The effect of four types of fillers (sand quartz, chamotte, cordierite, and corundum) on the thermo-mechanical properties of metakaolinite-based geopolymer composites were investigated. The samples were also examined by an X-ray diffraction method to determine their phase composition. The pore size distributions were determined by a mercury intrusion porosimeter. The XRD revealed the crystallization of new phase (leucite) after thermal exposure at 1000 °C and higher. Geopolymer binders had low mechanical properties (flexural strength 2.5 MPa and compressive strength 45 MPa) and poor thermo-mechanical properties (especially high shrinkage—total shrinkage 9%) compared to geopolymer composites (flexural strength up to 13.8 MPa, compressive strength up to 95 MPa and total shrinkage up to 1%). The addition of fillers reduced the shrinkage of geopolymers and improved their mechanical properties. The results have shown that the compressive strength tested in situ and after exposure to high temperature are in conflict. Geopolymer composites with the addition of chamotte had the best mechanical properties before and after thermal exposure (compressive strength up to 95 MPa). The average pore size diameters increased with the increasing temperature (from 10 nm to approx. 700 nm). The fillers addition decreased the pore volume (from 250 mm3/g to approx. 100 mm3/g).
A Bird’s-Eye View of Cell Sources for Cell-Based Therapies in Blood Cancers

Hematological malignancies comprise over a hundred different types of cancers and account for around 6.5% of all cancers. Despite the significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment, many of those cancers remain incurable. In recent years, cancer cell-based therapy has become a promising approach to treat those incurable hematological malignancies with striking results in different clinical trials. The most investigated, and the one that has advanced the most, is the cell-based therapy with T lymphocytes modified with chimeric antigen receptors. Those promising initial results prepared the ground to explore other cell-based therapies to treat patients with blood cancer. In this review, we want to provide an overview of the different types of cell-based therapies in blood cancer, describing them according to the cell source.
Relationship between physicochemical and functional properties of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) protein isolates

Summary Protein isolates from six amaranth lines/cultivars (APIs) were evaluated to study their physicochemical (hunter colour, protein content and zeta potential), structural (thermal and conformational) and functional (emulsification, foaming, water and fat absorption) properties. APIs had protein content, whiteness index and gel temperature in range of 79.4–85.4%, 41.17–54.26 and 87.8–91.8 °C, respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra of APIs revealed α-helix, β-sheets and random coil conformations in the secondary structure. APIs with higher relative proportion of β-sheets had higher Differential Scanning Calorimeter denaturation temperature and gel temperature. Minimum protein solubility (PS) was observed at pH 5.0, indicating isoelectric point (pI) of amaranth proteins. The PS, emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsifying stability index (ESI), foaming capacity (FC) and foam stability (FS) of APIs at neutral pH were related to their zeta potential (ζ). The emulsifying and foaming properties were also determined at different pHs (between 2.0 and 9.0). The EAI-pH profile of APIs confirmed close relationship between the emulsifying ability and PS.
A Proposal for the Performance, Classification, and Reporting of Lymph Node Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytopathology: The Sydney System

Background: The evaluation of lymph nodes (LN) by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is routinely used in many institutions but it is not uniformly accepted mainly because of the lack of guidelines and a cytopathological diagnostic classification. A committee of cytopathologists has developed a system of performance, classification, and reporting for LN-FNAC. Methods: The committee members prepared a document that has circulated among them five times; the final text has been approved by all the participants. It is based on a review of the international literature and on the expertise of the members. The system integrates clinical and imaging data with cytopathological features and ancillary techniques. The project has received the endorsement and patronage of the International Academy of Cytology and the European Federation of the Cytology Societies. Results: Clinical, imaging, and serological data of lymphadenopathies, indications for LN-FNAC, technical procedures, and ancillary techniques are evaluated with specific recommendations. The reporting system includes two diagnostic levels. The first should provide basic diagnostic information and includes five categories: inadequate/insufficient, benign, atypical lymphoid cells of undetermined/uncertain significance, suspicious, and malignant. For each category, specific recommendations are provided. The second diagnostic level, when achievable, should produce the identification of specific benign or malignant entities and additional information by utilizing ancillary testing. Conclusion: The authors believe that the introduction of this system for performing and reporting LN-FNAC may improve the quality of the procedure, the report, and the communication between cytopathologists and the clinicians. This system may lead to a greater acceptance and utilization of LN-FNAC and to a better interdisciplinary understanding of the results of this procedure.
Relations of Physical Habitat to Abundance of Four Nongame Fishes in High-Plains Streams: A Test of Habitat Suitability Index Models

Abstract We examined relations between habitat variables and biomasses of white sucker Catostomus commersoni, creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus, longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae, and common shiner Notropis cornutus from data collected at 29 sites in the Horse Creek drainage of eastern Wyoming. Few of the habitat variables that have been used in habitat suitability index (HSI) models were correlated with the biomass of the four species. Also, composite HSI scores were not correlated with the biomass of the four species. However, abundances of these species were related to other habitat features that we measured and analyzed by correlation and multiple-regression analysis. White sucker biomass was correlated with main-channel run habitat, shade, turbidity, water temperature in August, and large woody debris. Creek chub biomass was related to the coefficient of variation (SD/mean) in current velocity and to submerged aquatic vegetation, average current velocity, and main-channel pool habitat. Longnose d.
Necessity of Multiple Gastric Biopsies from Different Sites for Detection of Clarithromycin-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains

Background: It has been reported that ~10% of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori have both clarithromycin-susceptible and clathromycin-resistant strains. However, there have been no reports indicating whether only one gastric biopsy is sufficient to detect clarithromycin-resistant strains. Methods: Sixty-five H. pylori -infected patients were selected for this study, and 40 of them were given clarithromycin-based eradication therapy. Four gastric biopsies, 2 from the antrum and 2 from the corpus, were obtained from each of the 65 patients. Susceptibility of H. pylori strains to clarithromycin was examined by detecting mutations of the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of H. pylori. Results: The clarithromycin-resistant strains were detected in 16 of the 65 (25%) patients. Only 5 of the 16 (31%) patients had the resistant strains in both the antrum and corpus. When only 1 or the other biopsy from the antrum was used, the resistant strains were detected in 8 (50%) or 9 (56%) of the 16 patients. Conclusions: These data indicate that multiple gastric biopsies from both the antrum and the corpus should be used to detect clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori strains.
Acute Cerebral Stroke with Multiple Infarctions and COVID-19, France, 2020

We describe 2 cases in coronavirus disease patients in France involving presumed thrombotic stroke that occurred during ongoing anticoagulation treatment for atrial fibrillation stroke prophylaxis; 1 patient had positive antiphospholipid antibodies. These cases highlight the severe and unique consequences of coronavirus disease–associated stroke.
Differential survival of fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, as affected by copper exposure, prior population stress, and allozyme genotypes

Two populations of fathead minnows (F1, offspring of survivors of an acute fluoranthene exposure; N1, naive hatchery fish born in outdoor ponds) were concurrently exposed to approximately 850 μg/L of copper for 132 h. During the exposure, 49% of the F1 and 85% of the N1 minnows died. A curled operculum deformity, detected in 54% of the F1 population, was significantly related to mortality. A failure time regression model, combining both the F1 and N1 populations together, was fit to examine the relationship between population type (F1 or N1), body condition (weight/length3), presence of an operculum deformity, and different allozymes on time to death (TTD). The model indicated that type of population, body condition, the presence of an operculum deformity, and three loci (GPI‐1*, IDHP‐1*, and MDH‐2*) were significantly related to TTD. The F1 minnows had a higher survival rate and longer average TTD compared to N1 minnows. In comparison to the N1 population, the F1 population possessed a higher frequency of genotypes associated with increased survivorship at the IDHP‐1* and MDH‐2* loci. Weight (and body condition) was negatively correlated with survivorship. Minnows with a severe operculum deformity, believed to be a result of parental exposure to fluoranthene, had a 100% mortality rate and exhibited a considerably reduced TTD compared to nondeformed minnows. Multilocus heterozygosity was not related to TTD for either population. This study indicates that genetic factors may exhibit stronger effects on survivorship than other factors (e.g., weight/body condition) commonly associated with fitness.
Requirement of the IL-2 Receptor β Chain for the Development of Vγ3 Dendritic Epidermal T Cells

Vγ3 TCR cells develop in the fetal thymus and migrate to the skin as dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC). Fetal Vγ3 thymocytes differentiate from immature heat stable antigen (HSA) high cells to mature HSA low cells and the latter subset predominantly expresses IL-2 receptor β chain (IL-2Rβ). In this study, the role of IL-2Rβ in the development of Vγ3 cells was determined in IL-2Rβ-deficient mice. There was a moderate reduction of mature HSA low Vγ3 thymocytes in IL-2Rβ-deficient mice. Small numbers of Vγ3 DETC were detected in the fetal skin of IL-2Rβ-deficient mice, but they were absent in newborn and adult mice. These results suggest that IL-2Rβ may transduce the crucial signal for survival and/or expansion of Vγ3 cells in the fetal thymus and in the fetal skin. In normal mice, IL-15 but not IL-2 mRNA was expressed in the fetal epidermis and exogenous addition of low concentration of IL-15 to fetal skin organ culture induced proliferation of Vγ3 DETC. The dependence of fetal Vγ3 DETC on the expression of IL-2Rβ and the presence of IL-15 mRNA in the fetal epidermis imply an essential role of IL-15 signaling through IL-2Rβ in the selective localization of this γδ T cell subpopulation in the skin.
ON THE MECHANISM OF PHOTOSYSTEM II DETERIORATION BY UV‐B IRRADIATION

Abstract The influence of UV‐B irradiation on photosystem II activities has been investigated using isolated photosystem II membrane fragments from spinach. It was found: (a) The average amount of DCIP reduced per flash declined drastically with increasing irradiation time in the absence of DPC but remained almost unaffected in its presence, (b) After UV‐B irradiation, the maximum amplitude of laser flash induced 830 nm absorption changes decreases only slightly; whereas the relaxation kinetics exhibit marked effects: the (JLS components dominate the decay at the expense of ns components. The γ.s kinetics already arise after illumination with a single flash of dark adapted samples, (c) The manganese content decreases only partly at irradiation times where the oxygen evolution capacity is almost completely lost, (d) The polypeptide pattern is hardly affected; the number of atrazine binding sites markedly decreases. Based on the results of this study, UV‐B irradiation is inferred to deteriorate primarily the function of water oxidation. The action spectrum of the UV‐B effect does not reveal a specific target molecule. It is assumed that structural changes of the D‐l/D‐2 polypeptide matrix are responsible for the modification by UV‐B irradiation of the capacity of water oxidation and atrazine binding.
Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of the Kombucha Beverage Derived from White, Green, Black and Red Tea

Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage prepared as a result of the symbiotic nature of bacterial cultures and yeast, the so-called SCOBY (Symbiotic Cultures of Bacteria and Yeasts). Kombucha is characterised by rich chemical content and healthy properties. It includes organic acids, minerals and vitamins originating mainly from tea, amino acids, and biologically active compounds—polyphenols in particular. Kombucha is prepared mainly in the form of black tea, but other tea types are increasingly often used as well, which can significantly impact its content and health benefits. This work shows that the type of tea has a significant influence on the parameters associated with the antioxidant potential, pH, as well as the content of acetic acid, alcohol or sugar. Red tea and green tea on the 1st and 14th day of fermentation are a particularly prominent source of antioxidants, especially polyphenols, including flavonoids. Therefore, the choice of other tea types than the traditionally used black tea and the subjection of these tea types to fermentation seems to be beneficial in terms of the healthy properties of kombucha.
Temperature Effect on Fracture of a Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass

Bulk metallic glass (BMGs) is highly expected for applications in engineering structures due to their superior mechanical properties. The fracture toughness of some BMGs was investigated at cryogenic and at elevated temperatures. However, the mechanism of the temperature-dependence of BMG toughness still remains elusive. Here, we characterized the fracture toughness of Zr61Ti2Cu25Al12 BMG prepared with Zr elemental pieces with low Hf content at temperatures ranging from 134 to 623 K. The relaxation spectrum of the BMG was characterized by a dynamic mechanical analysis using the same temperature range. We found that the BMG is tougher at onset temperatures of the relaxation processes than at peak temperatures. The temperature-dependent fracture toughness of the BMG is strongly dependent on its relaxation spectrum.
Rural-urban mortality inequalities in four Nordic welfare states

In the Nordic countries, there are ambitious welfare policies that might reduce rural-urban health disparities. Aim: To investigate the effect of population density on health in four Nordic countries. Methods: The health outcomes analysed were life expectancy and potential years of life lost. The effect of population density was appraised as the difference in life expectancy/ potential years of life lost by a 10-fold increase of population density. Results: In Finland, Norway and Sweden, mortality rates were consistently higher in less densely populated municipalities. These disparities increased over time. Conclusions: The welfare efforts to offset rural-urban disparities have mostly not been sufficient.
Development of Delivery Systems for Introducing Endophytic Bacteria into Cotton

Experiments were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of several methods for delivering 15 endophytic bacteria into cotton stem and root tissues. The delivery methods included stab-inoculation of bacteria into stems, soaking seeds in bacterial suspensions, methyl cellulose seed coating, foliar spray, bacteria-impregnated granules applied in-furrow, vacuum infiltration and pruned-root dip. The success of delivery was gaged by recovery of the bacteria from internal plant tissues 2 weeks after the plants had been grown in a glasshouse potting mix. Following stab-inoculation into stems or radicles, 10 of the bacterial endophytes which previously exhibited biological control against fusarium wilt of cotton were successfully re-isolated from 50% of the plants inoculated; however, this method was labor-intensive, involved wounding the plant and sometimes reduced plant growth. Four of the other methods established from six to eight of the 15 strains, and, with some strains, all methods effectively established e.