Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion: La1−xCexBO3 (B = Co, Mn) perovskites synthesized by reactive grinding and nanocasting

Chemical looping combustion is a novel technique with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO2 from atmospheric nitrogen in combustion of gaseous fuels. The selection of a suitable oxygen carrier which circulates between two fluidized bed reactors is a key issue for the performance of this technology. In this work, high surface area perovskite-based oxygen carriers, LaCoO3, LaCeCoO3 and LaMnO3, were synthesized by the reactive grinding method (S. Kaliaguine, A. van Neste, US Pat., 6 017 504, 2000; Applied Catalysis, A, 2001, 209, 345-358). LaMnO3 was also prepared by another method designated as nanocasting. The perovskites were characterized using different methods such as XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption, H2-TPR, TPD-O2 and finally the reactivity and stability of the carrier materials were tested in a CREC fluidized riser simulator using multiple reduction–oxidation cycles under two conditions: with low and high amount of CH4 (0.5 and 10 ml) as a feed. It was found from TPD-O2 and H2-TPR studies that the LaMnO3 perovskite, particularly the one prepared by the nanocasting method (LaMn-NC), has a high amount of available α-O2 (surface oxygens) and high density of surface anion vacancies. Moreover, the Mn-based perovskites showed easier reducibility compared to the Co-based oxygen carriers. The results obtained under two different conditions of CH4 pressure confirmed the strong dependency of the CLC results on this factor. Higher stability and no CO formation during the multiple redox cycles were indeed observed while using low pressure of CH4. Higher reactivity of the carriers was however obtained while using higher CH4 pressure but CO was detected in the products in this case. The higher reactivity of Mn-based perovskites could not only be due to the higher amount of surface oxygen and reducible sites present in the sample but also to the higher specific surface area of the perovskite. The formation of lanthanum and manganese silicate was observed for LaMn-NC which could be the reason for the reduction in CH4 conversion observed between the eighth and tenth redox cycles. This compound could be as a result of interaction between remnant silica in the sample with La and Mn from the perovskite lattice. No coke formation was detected on the oxygen carriers however, some agglomeration of the particles occurred, as confirmed by SEM images, XRD data and N2 sorption tests. Furthermore, XRD patterns confirmed that the structure of all perovskites remained unchanged after multiple redox cycles.
USE OF BRABENDER® VISCOGRAPH E TO MEASURE SOME RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MINCED FISH MUSCLE

A Brabender® Viscograph E rotational viscometer was used to measure some rheological properties of diluted mince samples from cod (Gadus morhua), halibut (Hippoglossushippoglossus), pollock (Pollachius virens) and ocean perch (Sebastes marinus). The results were compared to measurements on undiluted samples using a Brabender® Farinograph viscometer and an Instron Universal Testing Machine. When samples were adjusted to contain the same moisture content, differences in Brabender viscosity (P ≤ 0.05) were observed both between species and between different muscles of the same species. Thermal denaturation of cod muscle proteins was manifested as an increase in Brabender viscosity at approximately 30C. The addition of 1% (w/w) NaCl resulted in lower (P ≤ 0.05) mince Brabender viscosity. Initial changes in mince structure caused by freezing were observed as a drop in Brabender viscosity. There was a reasonable agreement between the results obtained using the Viscograph E and those obtained using the Instron (r2 = 0. 791). The instruments were sensitive to both chemical and structural differences in samples. However, the Farinograph was incapable of distinguishing between muscle types or species. The Viscograph E offers the possibility to monitor Brabender viscosity changes during heating and may be used to observe the effect of additives on Brabender viscosity and muscle protein denaturation.
Production and Emission of Nitrous Oxide and Responsible Microorganisms in Upland Acid Soil in Indonesia

Incubation and field experiments were conducted to determine emission and production of nitrous oxide (N2O) and responsible microorganisms in an upland acid soil of Indonesia. The results showed that N2O productions in the soil samples were affected by ammonium and urea amendments compared with control. N2O production reached the highest peak at the first week then decreased until 4 weeks incubation in the potato and tea soil samples. However, more N2O production was found in tea soil than potato soil. Pine forest soil produced N2O more at second week incubation than first week, then decreased until 4 weeks. These results further confirmed that the N2O emitted in the field, which was higher in tea garden than other fields. The both ammonium and nitrate contents in the tea soil were higher than potato and pine soils. The number of ammonium oxidizers in the pine and potato soils was not significantly different, but it was lower in the tea soil. Number of nitrite oxidizers was almost the same in the potato and tea soils, however it was lower in the pine soil. The number of denitrifiers was 1–3 orders magnitude higher in the tea soil than the potato and pine soils.
RF and noise model of gate-all-around MOSFETs

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices are excellent candidates to become an alternative to conventional bulk CMOS. The most promising SOI devices for the nanoscale range are based on multiple gate structures such as surrounding gate (SGT) or gate-all-around (GAA). These devices could be used for high-frequency application due to a significant increase in the transition frequency fit for these devices. We present a new analytical model for cylindrical undoped (lightly doped) GAA or SGT MOSFETs for dc, RF and noise analyses. The model is based on a surface potential formulation for charge control and a drift-diffusion transport model. Short-channel effects, velocity saturation effects and quantum effects have been incorporated in the model. The dc model has been extended to ac and noise using the active transmission line method. Using this model, GAA RF and noise performances are studied.
ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Study of Initial Mechanism of JP-10 Combustion

By applying ReaxFF (reactive force field) molecular dynamics simulations, we offer a mechanistic study of the JP10 combustion process from a statistics perspective. Through analysis of the distribution of radicals such as H, O, OH, and HO2, we discuss the chain reaction mechanisms, which relate to the explosive characteristic of combustion. The first stage of combustion of JP10 is the developing of a radical pool such as H, O, OH, and HO2, which is essential for combustion. In the next stage, JP10 molecules and molecular fragments, which are developed by decomposition of JP10, are rapidly attacked by radical pool of H, O, OH, and HO2, generating oxygenated chemicals such as formyls(R-CHO), alcohols(R-OH), R-O-R', and ketones . In the third stage, these chemicals are further oxidized by the radical pool generating molecules such as H2O, CO2, CO, and a new radical pool for chain reactions.
Drop‐size distributions and spatial distributions in an annular centrifugal contactor

Annular centrifugal contactors were developed as single, compact units utilized to transfer desired species between immiscible fluid phases. Critical to understanding the mass-transfer characteristics in the annular mixing region is a clear picture of the distribution of droplet sizes of the fluids involved. To date, very little experimental data appears in the literature. We fill that void by using laser fluorescence and optical methods to directly observe and measure drop-size distributions for a silicone oil/water system in a centrifugal contactor. The shape and characteristics of the log-normal distributions, including the Sauter mean diameter and distribution means, are elucidated in terms of rotor speed and organic phase fraction. The size distribution of entrained air bubbles is also examined. The results presented here will be invaluable in validating and expanding the predictive capacity of the many models that have been developed to describe the flow within these devices. Published 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2219–2226, 2013
Social groupings and disease dynamics in animal populations : a theoretical study

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The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of hydroquinone and chlorohydroquinone in the presence of nitrous acid in aqueous acid solution

Hydroquinone is converted quantitatively into benzoquinone by nitrous acid in air-saturated aqueous acid solution, by a process which is kinetically first order, whether or not the nitrous acid is present in excess. Chlorohydroquinone behaves similarly and substituent effects are discussed. The inorganic and organic steps in the mechanism put forward are shown by numerical integrations to account for all the observations. MOPAC calculations suggest that 4-hydroxy-6-nitrosocyclohexa-2,4-dienone is the first-formed intermediate. Homolysis of this to give the 4-hydroxyphenoxyl radical and nitric oxide is rate determining in the organic sequence and takes place by uncatalysed and acid catalysed pathways. Comparison with previous work on 4-methoxyphenol, where the later step of combination of the 4-methoxyphenoxyl radical with nitrogen dioxide is rate determining, permits an estimate of the relative rate-constants for reaction of the substituted phenoxyl radical with NO and NO2.
The Papersave Swiss-Process Quality Control and Efficacy

Abstract Routine physico-chemical quality control in the papersave swiss process takes place according to defined quality standards. Measurements on test books as well as on original material are carried out non-destructively and show homogenous and complete treatment with regard to the accumulated alkali quantity and distribution over the sheet surface. Treatment intensities can be varied and are adapted to the material. The influence of treatment intensity on the efficacy of deacidification was examined. The selected treatment concentrations for the archive and library program leads to an average efficacy coefficient of four. Taking the advantages and disadvantages into consideration, higher or lower treatment intensities are not to be recommended. Zusammenfassung Die routinemässige physikalisch-chemische Qualitätskontrolle beim papersave swiss-Prozess geschieht gemäss definierter Qualitätsstandards. Die Messungen an Testbüchern sowie an Original-' material werden zerstörungsfrei durchgeführt und zeigen die gleichmässige und vollständige Behandlung bezüglich der aufgebrachten Alkalimenge und der Verteilung über die Blattfläche. Die Behandlungsstärke kann variiert werden und wird dem Material angepasst. Der Einfluss der Behandlungsstärke auf die Nachhaltigkeit der Entsäuerung wurde untersucht. Die gewählten Behandlungskonzentrationen für das Archiv- bzw. Bibliotheksprogramm führen zu einem Nachhaltigkeitsfaktor von durchschnittlich vier. Höhere oder niedrigere Behandlungsstärken sind bei Abwägung der Vor- und Nachteile nicht zu empfehlen. Résumé Les contrôles physico-chimiques qui sont régulièrement effectués dans le cadre du procédé papersave swiss obéissent à des critères de qualité déterminés. Les mesures effectuées sur les livres de simulation et sur les matériaux originaux sont non-destructives et présentent un traitement homogène et complet pour ce qui est de l'apport d'alcali et de sa distribution sur la surface de la feuille. L'intensité du traitement peut varier en fonction du matériau à traiter. On a étudié l'impact de l'intensité sur l'efficacité de la désacidification dans la durée. Il s'avère que les concentrations appliquées aux documents d'archives et de bibliothèques multiplient en moyenne par quatre la durée de vie des documents. La comparaison des inconvénients et des avantages montre que des valeurs d'intensité inférieures ou supérieures ne seraient pas recommandées.
A Rational Comparison of the Optimal Promoter Edge Decoration of HDT NiMoS vs CoMoS Catalysts

In order to gain a better understanding of the morphology and promoter edge content of the active phase of industrial HDT NiMoP catalysts in working conditions, a multi-technique study has been undertaken on a series of NiMoP catalysts with various Ni/Mo ratios. The combination of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM), Density Functional Theory (DFT) modeling and catalytic testing (toluene hydrogenation) provided data to build a morphological model of NiMoS nanocrystallites. A parallel has been established with their CoMoS counterparts obtained in our previous work in order to emphasize differences arising from the promoter atom. This study confirms the importance of the presence of mixed Ni-Mo sites on the edges of the NiMoS nanocrystallites, and especially on the M-edge for reactions involving hydrogenation. These results provide new guidelines for future and ever more active catalysts.
Cell Motility by Labile Association of Molecules

This article summarizes our current views on the dynamic structure of the mitotic spindle and its relation to mitotic chromosome movements. The following statements are based on measurements of birefringence of spindle fibers in living cells, normally developing or experimentally modified by various physical and chemical agents, including high and low temperatures, antimitotic drugs, heavy water, and ultraviolet microbeam irradiation. Data were also obtained concomitantly with electron microscopy employing a new fixative and through measurements of isolated spindle protein. Spindle fibers in living cells are labile dynamic structures whose constituent filaments (microtubules) undergo cyclic breakdown and reformation. The dynamic state is maintained by an equilibrium between a pool of protein molecules and their linearly aggregated polymers, which constitute the microtubules or filaments. In living cells under physiological conditions, the association of the molecules into polymers is very weak (absolute value of ΔF 25°C < 1 kcal), and the equilibrium is readily shifted to dissociation by low temperature or by high hydrostatic pressure. The equilibrium is shifted toward formation of polymer by increase in temperature (with a large increase in entropy: ΔS 25°C ≃ 100 eu) or by the addition of heavy water. The spindle proteins tend to polymerize with orienting centers as their geometrical foci. The centrioles, kinetochores, and cell plate act as orienting centers successively during mitosis. Filaments are more concentrated adjacent to an orienting center and yield higher birefringence. Astral rays, continuous fibers, chromosomal fibers, and phragmoplast fibers are thus formed by successive reorganization of the same protein molecules. During late prophase and metaphase, polymerization takes place predominantly at the kinetochores; in metaphase and anaphase, depolymerization is prevalent near the spindle poles. When the concentration of spindle protein is high, fusiform bundles of polymer are precipitated out even in the absence of obvious orienting centers. The shift of equilibrium from free protein molecules to polymer increases the length and number of the spindle microtubules or filaments. Slow depolymerization of the polymers, which can be brought about by low concentrations of colchicine or by gradual cooling, allows the filaments to shorten and perform work. The dynamic equilibrium controlled by orienting centers and other factors provides a plasusible mechanism by which chromosomes and other organelles, as well as the cell surface, are deformed or moved by temporarily organized arrays of microtubules or filaments.
CO2 absorption into amine solutions: a novel strategy for intensification based on the addition of ferrofluids

BACKGROUND: In this paper a novel approach for increasing the mass transfer coefficient in gas/liquid mass transfer is reported and applied to the industrially important system of CO2 absorption. The approach makes use of a ferrofluid additive to the liquid phase. To demonstrate this strategy, a wetted wall column has been built and experiments have been conducted on the CO2/methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) system. This reaction system allows the absorption to be carried out in the transition regime between slow and fast regimes, so that the mass transfer coefficient (kL) and interfacial area (ai) can be measured independently, in the presence and absence of ferrofluids. A surfactant-coated aqueous magnetic fluid was prepared and shown to be stable in MDEA solutions. RESULTS: The experimental results, with this fluid, show that there is an enhancement in mass transfer in the presence of ferrofluids, the extent of which depends on the amount of ferrofluid added. The enhancement in mass transfer coefficient was 92.8% for a volume fraction of the fluid of about 50% (solid magnetite volume fraction of about 0.39%). Experiments were also carried out to further enhance the mass transfer rates by employing a periodic oscillating magnetic field. Under the conditions employed, there was no further impact of magnetic field on mass transfer rates. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic nanoparticles are able to significantly enhance gas/liquid mass transfer rates when added to the liquid phase. The reasons for this striking effect are under investigation. It is possible for significantly higher enhancements to be produced by the action of an external field, but this requires special fluids to be formulated which are not affected by the chemical solvent used. These results have significance for the absorption of CO2 in industrial absorbers using amine solutions.  2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Overcoming the “Light‐Soaking” Issue in Inverted Organic Solar Cells by the Use of Al:ZnO Electron Extraction Layers

A common phenomenon of organic solar cells (OSCs) incorporating metal‐oxide electron extraction layers is the requirement to expose the devices to UV light in order to improve device characteristics – known as the so‐called “light‐soaking” issue. This behaviour appears to be of general validity for various metal‐oxide layers, various organic donor/acceptor systems, and regardless if single junction devices or multi stacked cells are considered. The requirement of UV exposure of OSCs may impose severe problems if substrates with limited UV transmission, UV blocking filters or UV to VIS down‐conversion concepts are applied. In this paper, we will demonstrate that this issue can be overcome by the use of Al doped ZnO (AZO) as electron extraction interlayer. In contrast to devices based on TiOx and ZnO, the AZO devices show well‐behaved solar cell characteristics with a high fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) even without the UV spectral components of the AM1.5 solar spectrum. As opposed to previous claims, our results indicate that the origin of s‐shaped characteristics of the OSCs is the metal‐oxide/organic interface. The electronic structures of the TiOx/fullerene and AZO/fullerene interfaces are studied by photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing an electron extraction barrier for the TiOx/fullerene case and facilitated electron extraction for AZO/fullerene. These results are of general relevance for organic solar cells based on various donor acceptor active systems.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio & cervical length for prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in threatened preterm labour

Background: Being able to predict preterm birth is important, as it may allow a high-risk population to be selected for future interventional studies. As inflammation represents a crucial pathogenic process of preterm delivery, the aim of this study is to define the role of serum inflammatory markers in the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery & to combine these markers with cervical length to increase the diagnostic accuracy.Methods: Eighty pregnant women with threatened preterm labour (group I) were compared with 40 women at term (group II (, subdivided into 2 subgroups (20 of them were not in labour & the other 20 were in labour). Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) & C-reactive protein (CRP) level were measured & compared for all study subjects. For group I, transvaginal cervical length was measured & combined marker (defined as NLR divided by the cervical length) was estimated & they were subdivided into: (group Ia) who delivered before 37 weeks (n=30) & (group Ib) who delivered at term (n=50.)Results: The levels of NLR (P<0.001), CRP (P<0.016) in group Ia were significantly different from those in group Ib & they were also significantly higher in group IIa than in group IIb (P<0.001). The cervix length (P< 0.001) & combined marker (P<0.001) in group Ia were significantly different from those of group Ib. It has been shown that the combined marker has higher sensitivity (65%) & specificity (87%) for prediction of preterm delivery, as compared to cervical length or systemic inflammatory markers each alone . Conclusions Combined marker is useful for identifying women at risk of preterm delivery in patients with threatened preterm labour .
The Essential Oil of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum of Turkish Origin

ABSTRACT Water distilled essential oils of 23 collections of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum from the Aegean region of Turkey were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-eight compounds which amounted to 95.09–99.49% of the total components detected were identified. Carvacrol content in the oils varied between 23.43–78.73%.
Adsorption of Safranin on Pseudostem Banana Fibers

Adsorption assays indicated that the pseudostem banana fibers are an efficient sorbent for the removal of safranin from aqueous solution being dependent on pH, dye concentration, and temperature. Kinetics and thermodynamic studies indicated Sips isotherm as the most suitable model to describe the studied adsorption process, which occurs through a pseudo second-order process. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the sorption of safranin dye onto pseudostem banana fiber is spontaneous (ΔGads ≅ –30 kJ mol−1) and exothermic (ΔHads ≅ –17 kJ mol−1).
PEASANT AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ON PLANOSOLS AS A SOURCE OF MATERIALS IN THE MAKING OF NON-INDUSTRIAL POTTERY

ethnopedological studies have mainly focused on agricultural land uses and associated practices. nevertheless, peasant and indigenous populations use soil and land resources for a number of additional purposes, including pottery. In the present study, we describe and analyze folk knowledge related to the use of soils in non-industrial pottery making by peasant potters, in the municipality of altinho, Pernambuco State, semiarid region at Brazil. Ethnoscientific techniques were used to record local knowledge, with an emphasis on describing the soil materials recognized by the potters, the properties they used to identify those soil materials, and the criteria employed by them to differentiate and relate such materials. the potters recognized three categories of soil materials: “terra” (earth), “barro” (clay) and, “picarro” (soft rock). The multi-layered arrangement of these materials within the soil profiles was similar to the arrangement of the soil horizon described by formal pedologists. “barro vermelho” (red clay) was considered by potters as the principal ceramic resource. the