Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary a -Linolenic Acid and Total v -3 Fatty Acids Are Inversely Associated with Abdominal Aortic Calciﬁcation in Older Women, but Not in Older Men 1,2

Background: Associations of a -linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus decosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total omega-3 (n–3) fatty acid (FA) intakes with abdominal aortic calciﬁcation (AAC) are not well understood. Objective: This study explored the associations between baseline and long-term changes in v -3 FA consumption and AAC severity among community-dwelling older men and women. Methods: The present study used a subset of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study in which participants were interviewed in 1990–1994 and again in 2010–2011. Dietary intake was evaluated at both baseline and follow-up with use of food-frequency questionnaires. AAC severity was assessed by both lateral thoraco-lumbar radiography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at follow-up. Results: A total of 312 participants aged 45–64 y old at baseline were followed for a duration of (mean 6 SD) 18 6 1y. Baseline energy-adjustedALAintaketendedtobeinverselyassociatedwithAACseveritybyradiography[OR(95%CI)fortertile3vs.tertile1: 0.49 (0.23, 1.02), P -trend: 0.06] and was inversely associated with AAC severity by DXA [OR (95% CI) for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 0.37 (0.16,0.83)]inwomen,afteradjustmentforconfounders.Womeninthethirdtertileoftotal v -3FAintakehadsigniﬁcantlylowerAAC severity by radiography [OR (95% CI): 0.33 (0.16, 0.71)] and DXA [OR (95% CI): 0.27 (0.12, 0.62)] than those in the ﬁrst tertile. Changes in tertile of v -3 FA intake over 18 y were not found to be associated with AAC severity in either men or women. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that dietary ALA and total v -3 FA intakes are both important predictors of the development of AAC in older women, but not in older men. J Nutr 2015;145:1778–86.
Authority of top executives and legal institutions

We examine whether legal institutions aﬀect the balance of power between CEOs and shareholders. Particularly, we test to which extent legal rules matter for the extent to which CEOs receive generous pay packages. The study uses a world-wide data set covering 27 countries for the period 1995 to 2005. We consider the total level of CEO compensation and the relative importance of performance-based pay components. While performance-based CEO pay is statistically unrelated to the rules we consider, the total level of CEO pay is strongly and negatively related to the degree of legal shareholder protection. This result persists once we control for the presence of institutional shareholders and capital market integration. We interpret our ﬁnding in the sense that shareholder protection confers authority to the board that oversees and controls the management, thereby limiting the generosity of the pay scheme. Our results have important implications for explaining diﬀerent cross-country corporate behavior and for the eﬀectiveness of governmental vs. private governance.
On the Non Specific Nature of Classical Turbulence Statistics

The classical statistics of turbulence are shown to be not specific to turbulence and can be derived from a solution for recurring unsteady state viscous flow. Care must be exercised in using them to make deductions about turbulence structures and mechanisms. The conditionally averaged statistics, particularly involving the velocities of the ejections in the burst phase, are more distinctive of turbulence.
Inverse tunnel magnetoresistance in all-perovskite junctions of La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 / SrTiO 3 / SrRuO 3

All epitaxial oxide magnetic tunnel junctions, ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ trilayer films, composed of ferromagnetic and metallic electrodes were fabricated on STO(001) substrates. Inverse tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR), i.e., higher and lower junction resistance levels in parallel and anti-parallel magnetization configurations, respectively, was observed, indicating the negative spin polarization of ${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ in contrast to the positive one of ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}. $ The TMR action persists up to ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ of the ${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ layer due to the robust spin polarization at the ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ interface.
Bars In Disk-Dominated And Bulge-Dominated Galaxies At Z Similar To 0: New Insights From Similar To 3600 SDSS Galaxies

We present a study of large-scale bars in the local universe, based on a large sample of 3692 galaxies, with 18.5 <= M-g < -22.0 mag and redshift 0.01 <= z < 0.03, drawn from the Sloan Digitized Sky Survey. Our sample includes many galaxies that are disk-dominated and of late Hubble types. Both color cuts and Se e rsic cuts yield a similar sample of similar to 2000 disk galaxies. We characterize bars and disks by ellipse-fitting r-band images and applying quantitative criteria. After excluding highly inclined (60 degrees) systems, we find the following results. (1) The optical r-band fraction (f(opt-r)) of barred galaxies, when averaged over the whole sample, is similar to 48%-52%. (2) When galaxies are separated according to half light radius (r(e)), or normalized r(e)/R-24, which is a measure of the bulge-to-disk (B/D) ratio, a remarkable result is seen: f(opt-r) rises sharply, from similar to 40% in galaxies that have small r(e)/R-24 and visually appear to host prominent bulges, to similar to 70% for galaxies that have large r(e)/R-24 and appear disk-dominated. (3) For galaxies with bluer colors, f(opt-r) rises significantly (by similar to 30%). A weaker rise (by similar to 15%-20%) is seen for lower luminosities or lower masses. (4) While hierarchical Lambda CDM models of galaxy evolution models fail to produce galaxies without classical bulges, our study finds that similar to 20% of disk galaxies appear to be "quasi-bulgeless. '' (5) We outline how the effect of a decreasing resolution and a rising obscuration of bars by gas and dust over z = 0.2-1.0 can cause a significant artificial loss of bars, and an artificial reduction in the optical bar fraction over z = 0.2-1.0.
CRIB (CLINICAL RISK INDEX FOR BABIES) SCORING SYSTEM IN PREDICTION OF MORTALITY IN PREMATURE BABIES

: Newborn baby mortality rate, particularly associated with the Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies, are of leading problem in the newborn, through the entire globe. A number of resources have been designed to predict preliminary mortality risk among the LBW babies. Most notable is the scoring system Clinical Risk Index for Babies also known as CRIB II score. This particular study is performed to assess the application of CRIB II score as an effective resource to predict the risk for newborn mortality among the LBW babies and this refers to a prospective cohort study. An overall trial of 135 low birth weight babies had been followed up from admittance till release, the 28th day of life or death no matter which came first. The total number of 135 infants had been registered within the study. Birth weight ranged from 600 – 2500g, with a average of 1600g. Total CRIB II score varied from 1 – 15, with a median of 5.5. Gestational age varied through 26 – 38 weeks. Complete mortality was 45.9%. Birth weight <-12mmol/l, temperature at admission >37.5 or 4 had been discovered to generally be considerably related to hospital newborn deathrate. Utilizing a cut-off point of 4, CRIB II score was discovered to create a sensitivity of 80.6%, uniqueness of 75.3%, and a prognostic value of 77.7% compared to 72.5, 71.2, and 71.8% respectively for birth weight. Gestational age was found to have even lower figures; 56, 75 and 66% for sensitivity, specificity and predictive values respectively. CRIB II score of > 4 was discovered to have improved prediction for mortality among the list of LBW babies as compared to the customarily applied predictors and can be employed to differentiate care for such neonates for better outcome.
Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea operculella ZELLER.) in West Shoa, Ethiopia

Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella is a major insect pest of potato ( Solanum tuberosum) which has been identified to cause damage both under field and seed storage in Ethiopia. It is a major threat to potato production. A field experiment was carried out at Guder, Toke Kutaye districts to evaluate the effectiveness of different Entomopathogenic fungi and their concentration for the management of potato tuber moth (PTM). Treatment consisted of three species; Beauveria bassiana (PPRC-56), Metarrhizium anisopliae (MM), and Verticilium lecani at three level of concentrations (1x10 6 , 1x10 7 , and 1x10 8 spore/ml) with Diazinon 60% EC as a standard check and an untreated control. The treatments were laid out in a simple randomize complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that B. bassiana significantly reduced the infestation of PTM larvae both on the leaves and tubers followed by the M. anisopliae when compared to V. lecani . Increasing the concentration levels of fungus also showed a significant reduction in the number of larvae and the damage caused on potato leaves. Based on the study findings, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae could be considered for the effective management of PTM in potato in the study area using higher fungal concentrations.
Overruling and the instability of law The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

We investigate the evolution of common law under overruling, a system of precedent change in which appellate courts replace existing legal rules with new ones. We use a legal realist model, in which judges change the law to reflect their own preferences or attitudes, but changing the law is costly to them. The model's predictions are consistent with the empirical evidence on the overruling behavior of the U.S. Supreme Court and appellate courts. We find that overruling leads to unstable legal rules that rarely converge to efficiency. The selection of disputes for litigation does not change this conclusion. Our findings provide a rationale for the value of precedent, as well as for the general preference of appellate courts for distinguishing rather than overruling as a law-making strategy.
Environmental Fit: A Model for Assessing and Treating Problem Behavior Associated with Curricular Difficulties in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Theoretical considerations suggest that problem behavior should increase when a child’s competency does not match the curricular demands of the environment (i.e., when there is poor environmental fit). In the present study, environmental fit was examined for six children with autism spectrum disorders. Results indicated that the children exhibited high rates of problem behavior associated with poor motor or academic competency. Curricular modifications resulted in (a) a decrease in the level of problem behavior, (b) an increase in the percentage of task steps completed correctly, and (c) improved affect. Adults who worked with the children reported ease of intervention techniques. The concept of environmental fit and its usefulness in guiding both assessment of and intervention for problem behavior are discussed.
TESTING SCALING RELATIONS FOR SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS FROM THE MAIN SEQUENCE TO RED GIANTS USING KEPLER DATA

We have analyzed solar-like oscillations in ∼1700 stars observed by the Kepler Mission, spanning from the main sequence to the red clump. Using evolutionary models, we test asteroseismic scaling relations for the frequency of maximum power (νmax), the large frequency separation (Δν), and oscillation amplitudes. We show that the difference of the Δν–νmax relation for unevolved and evolved stars can be explained by different distributions in effective temperature and stellar mass, in agreement with what is expected from scaling relations. For oscillation amplitudes, we show that neither (L/M)s scaling nor the revised scaling relation by Kjeldsen & Bedding is accurate for red-giant stars, and demonstrate that a revised scaling relation with a separate luminosity-mass dependence can be used to calculate amplitudes from the main sequence to red giants to a precision of ∼25%. The residuals show an offset particularly for unevolved stars, suggesting that an additional physical dependency is necessary to fully reproduce the observed amplitudes. We investigate correlations between amplitudes and stellar activity, and find evidence that the effect of amplitude suppression is most pronounced for subgiant stars. Finally, we test the location of the cool edge of the instability strip in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram using solar-like oscillations and find the detections in the hottest stars compatible with a domain of hybrid stochastically excited and opacity driven pulsation.
Understanding the Coevolution between Institutional and Business Dynamics: A Longitudinal Study in Taiwanese Business Groups

Business groups are a special type of enterprise systems existing in almost every emerging economy, and act as the microeconomic agents of industrial growth in many successful late-industrialising countries in the 20 century. Because the groups are important and pervasive, a large number of related researches have been undertaken from different disciplinary angles, such as economic and sociological views. Despite these abundant studies, little attention has been paid to the dynamic nature of the business group strategies. Focusing on the longitudinal studies on the evolutionary patterns of two different strategies in three Taiwanese business groups during the institutional transitions, this research integrates the static views of group strategies and advances the understanding of the coevolving institutional and business dynamics. The findings not also support Peng’s hypothesis that the group strategies will move from relationship-based to market-based model as the institutions modernise, but also propose that this evolutionary pattern is irregular due to the dynamics of institutional changes. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that the relationship-based strategy may become more important when the uncertainty of institutional environment intensifies, but may turn invalid when a dramatic change takes place in the political regime. Overall, this article contributes to the literature on the dynamic relationship between business group strategies and institutional environment over time. Table of
Identiﬁcation of a Novel C-Terminal Cleavage of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus PreG N That Leads to Generation of an NS M Protein (cid:1)

The structural glycoproteins of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV; genus Nairovirus , family Bunyaviridae ) are derived through endoproteolytic cleavage of a 1,684-amino-acid M RNA segment-encoded polyprotein. This polyprotein is cotranslationally cleaved into the PreG N and PreG C precursors, which are then cleaved by SKI-1 and a SKI-1-like protease to generate the N termini of G N and G C , respectively. However, the resulting polypeptide deﬁned by the N termini of G N and G C is predicted to be larger (58 kDa) than mature G N (37 kDa). By analogy to the topologically similar M segment-encoded polyproteins of viruses in the Orthobunyavirus genus, the C-terminal region of PreG N that contains four predicted transmembrane domains may also contain a nonstructural protein, NS M . To characterize potential PreG N C-terminal cleavage events, a panel of epitope-tagged PreG N truncation and internal deletion mutants was developed. These constructs allowed for the identiﬁcation of a C-terminal endoproteolytic cleavage within, or very proximal to, the second predicted transmembrane domain following the G N ectodomain and the subsequent generation of a C-terminal fragment. Pulse-chase experiments showed that PreG N C-terminal cleavage occurred shortly after synthesis of the precursor and prior to generation of the G N glycoprotein. The resulting fragment trafﬁcked to the Golgi compartment, the site of virus assembly. Development of an antiserum speciﬁc to the second cytoplasmic loop of PreG N allowed detection of cell-associated NS M proteins derived from transient expression of the complete CCHFV M segment and also in the context of virus infection.
Detection and Quantification of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Serum and Urine Samples from Melioidosis Patients

Melioidosis is very challenging to diagnose. There is a clear need for a point-of-care assay for the detection of B. pseudomallei antigen directly from patient samples. ABSTRACT Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a life-threatening disease common in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Melioidosis often presents with nonspecific symptoms and has a fatality rate of upwards of 70% when left untreated. The gold standard for diagnosis is culturing B. pseudomallei from patient samples. Bacterial culture, however, can take up to 7 days, and its sensitivity is poor, at roughly 60%. The successful administration of appropriate antibiotics is reliant on rapid and accurate diagnosis. Hence, there is a genuine need for new diagnostics for this deadly pathogen. The Active Melioidosis Detect (AMD) lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) detects the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of B. pseudomallei. The assay is designed for use on various clinical samples, including serum and urine; however, there are limited data to support which clinical matrices are the best candidates for detecting CPS. In this study, concentrations of CPS in paired serum and urine samples from melioidosis patients were determined using a quantitative antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In parallel, samples were tested with the AMD LFI, and the results of the two immunoassays were compared. Additionally, centrifugal concentration was performed on a subset of urine samples to determine if this method may improve detection when CPS levels are initially low or undetectable. The results indicate that while CPS levels varied within the two matrices, there tended to be higher concentrations in urine. The AMD LFI detected CPS in 40.5% of urine samples, compared to 6.5% of serum samples, suggesting that urine is a preferable matrix for point-of-care diagnostic assays. IMPORTANCE Melioidosis is very challenging to diagnose. There is a clear need for a point-of-care assay for the detection of B. pseudomallei antigen directly from patient samples. The Active Melioidosis Detect lateral flow immunoassay detects the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of B. pseudomallei and is designed for use on various clinical samples, including serum and urine. However, there are limited data regarding which clinical matrix is preferable for the detection of CPS. This study addresses this question by examining quantitative CPS levels in paired serum and urine samples and relating them to clinical parameters. Additionally, centrifugal concentration was performed on a subset of urine samples to determine whether this might enable the detection of CPS in samples in which it was initially present at low or undetectable levels. These results provide valuable insights into the detection of CPS in patients with melioidosis and suggest potential ways forward in the diagnosis and treatment of this challenging disease.
When Rhetorical Logic Meets Programming: Collective Argumentative Reasoning in Problem-Solving in Programming

Argumentation, as the generation and evaluation of arguments, is critical in our ability to reason. Computing education research has long highlighted the relation between reasoning ability and programming skills but, to our knowledge, the relation between argumentative reasoning, and particularly collective argumentative reasoning, and programming have not yet been investigated. The aim of this paper, therefore, is twofold: first, to study empirically the nature of collective argumentative reasoning in programming during problem-solving and secondly, to identify the aspects of argumentation that facilitate or obstruct collective problem-solving. To achieve these aims, through an exploratory research design, our study identifies the argumentative moves and argumentative reasoning schemes employed by expert programmers, MSc students, and first-year undergraduate students (novices) during collective problem-solving by using a protocol analysis of concurrent verbalisations. The study illustrates how collective argumentative reasoning is reflected in the discourses of these groups during problem-solving, and most importantly how argumentative moves and argumentative reasoning schemes interact and impact problem-solving. The three groups exhibited substantial differences: novices engaged in collective monologue, the MSc students engaged in collective but egotistic argumentative dialogue and the experts in collective and altruistic argumentative dialogue. The paper concludes by proposing a turn in educational practices that place argumentative reasoning in the center of both classroom and peer to peer discourse in programming.
Exploring Group Dynamics in a Group-Structured Computing Undergraduate Research Experience

While the computer science community has explored the importance of Undergraduate Research Experiences (UREs) and, separately, collaboration in computing (e.g. pair programming), little research has studied collaboration in the context of a URE. We performed a qualitative thematic analysis of how students collaborate within a group-structured, academic-year, inclusive computing URE catered towards second-year students at two large public research universities in the United States. We analyzed free-response and Likert-scale survey data collected early and late in the program from a total of 106 students who comprised three program cohorts. We studied their overall group function, what aspects of group work led to positive or negative group experiences, how their group affected their feelings of being supported, and how their group affected their sense of belonging in computing. We found that group experiences were overwhelmingly positive. Further, we found that students’ experiences in groups centered around three themes: group fit and belonging, emotional and academic support, and logistics. Within each theme, their experiences were rich and nuanced, and we observed variations by gender, and to a lesser degree by race. Our work suggests that group-structured UREs are both feasible and beneficial for students, and we give concrete suggestions for how to make these experiences successful.