Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization Efficiency of Nano Emulsion Surfactants as Base Oil Antioxidants and Anti-wear Additives

N-hexadecyl-N-benzyl-N-methylglycine and N-Dodecyl-N-benzyl-N-methylglycine were studied as antioxidants and anti wear. The physico-chemical properties were investigated; the adsorption behavior of these compounds at oil interface was investigated by measuring the surface tension and interfacial tension as function of concentration. Surface properties, in particular the critical micelle, the maximum surface excess and the minimum surface area were measured. It is found that the surface and thermodynamic properties of the prepared surfactants depend on their chemical structure. Also it is found that there is a good relation between surface properties of the additive and their efficiency as antioxidants. The mechanism of the antioxidation action has been suggested according to the surface properties of each additive. Adsorption of the additive on the surface interface inhibits their free radicals trapped in micelle core. These compounds were added to oil in different concentrations. The antioxidants activities of different dosages were evaluated. The oxidation of the oil has been carried out for different time intervals. The degradation of the oil has been monitored by total acid formation. The anti wear characteristic of surfactants increase with increasing hydrocarbon chain length. This is due to the increase in chemisorptions of surfactants on the silicon carbide surface. These films provide lower wear and depend on amount Original Research Article Mehbad et al.; IRJPAC, 6(3): 128-134, 2015; Article no.IRJPAC. 2015.041 129 of surfactants concentration adsorbed on silicon carbide and sliding speed. These studies have led to determine the effect of adsorbed surfactants in dispersion of nano particles of silicon carbide in oil phase. The anti wear characteristic of surfactants increase with increasing dispersed silicon carbide. These studies have led to much clear evidence of the intimate relationship between the chemical structure of the surfactants and dispersed silicon carbide.
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks (Family Ixodidae) in Goats Raised in a Small Private Farm in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Central Luzon, Philippines

This study was carried out to ascertain tick infestation of goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) grown in a small private farm in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Central Luzon, Philippines. Prevalence of infestation was assessed based on ticks collected, soaked in Boardman's solution, and fixed in EtOH with glycerol. Ticks were evaluated as per their developmental stages and gender, and were identified as Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Prevalence was 62.5% with an average mean intensity of eight ticks/goat. Throughout the study, male goats had higher mean intensity (6-11 ticks/goat) compared to females (4-7 ticks/goat). Philippine Journal of Science 146 (4): 493-496, December 2017 ISSN 0031 7683 Date Received: 27 Mar 2017
Urine analysis sensitivity and specificity for paediatric urinary tract infections

Background Paediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections among children and a reliable method for diagnosis is critical for management. Few studies have discussed the relationship between the number of leukocytes in the microscopic urinalysis and urine culture. Aims Our aim was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of pyuria as a predictor of cultureproven UTI in the paediatric age group. Methods This retrospective study was conducted between 2015 and 2020 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Demographic data, history of congenital anomalies, and microscopic urine analysis of 315 participants (≤14 years old) was analysed. Pyuria was defined as >5 WBC /HPF. Results UTI was diagnosed in 115 patients based on urine culture. The most common organism was Escherichia coli. Non-E. coli UTI are more common with vesicoureteral reflux patients. Pyuria was found to be positive in 134 (42.5 per cent) of the total sample; 80 of them had a confirmed UTI, with sensitivity of 70 per cent and specificity of 73 per cent. Nitrite has a high sensitivity (66 per cent) but a low specificity. The association between pyuria and positive urine culture was strongly and independently significant (P=0.001). Pyuria and nitrite positivity appear to be more sensitive to E. coli. Conclusion In conclusion, pyuria is a strong predictor for urinary tract infection in the paediatric age group and is a wise initial test.
Revised Ion Temperatures for Voyager Plasma Measurements

We have discovered that an error was made in computing ion temperatures for some of the results derived from the positive ion data from the plasma science (PLS) experiment on the Voyager spacecraft. The reported results directly affected by this error are the ion temperatures in the inner magnetosphere of Jupiter given by Bagenal et al. (1980) and Bagenal and Sullivan (1981) plus a single ion temperature calculated from Voyager 1 data obtained in Saturn's magnetosphere and quoted by Bridge et al. (1981). The ion temperatures quoted for the torus region in the original Jupiter Science article (Bridge et al., 1979) and all of the ion temperatures in the middle magnetosphere of Jupiter (McNutt et al., 1981) were derived independently and are unaffected by the error.
The role of chronic endometritis in development of infertility in terms of etiological factors

Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent inflammation of the inner lining of the uterine cavity caused by bacteria such as Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae. A majority of CE produces no signs or sometimes mild symptoms, and the prevalence rate of CE is 10-15%. Several studies have shown that it is a condition frequently associated with repeated unexplained implantation failure at in vitro fertilization, recurrent miscarriage, as well as preterm labor. In this study, we reviewed how chronic endometritis plays an important role in the development of infertility. Also, we discuss the importance of hysteroscopic procedures in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis.
Slow slip-driven seismic signature triggered by water-reservoir impoundment

One of the most important and widely used renewable energy sources is hydroelectric energy produced via Water Reservoir Impoundment (WRI). WRI can trigger strong earthquakes under favourable geological conditions. Thus, the socio-economic impact of reservoir triggered seismicity is very significant. Although many studies have investigated the relationship between the pore pressure changes due to WRI and the observed seismicity, hydromechanical models that explain the observed processes are rare. Here, we investigate the role of hydromechanical interactions during fault deformation to understand earthquake swarm bursts under pore pressure changes due to WRI. As a natural laboratory, we selected the Song Tranh 2 Reservoir in Vietnam. Because the analysed triggered seismicity has swarm characteristics, our work contributes to the further investigation of the physical mechanisms responsible for earthquake swarms and their relationship to slow slip. We conclude that the small high-frequency seismic swarms accompanying WRI are driven by slow slip along a fault; they occur due to the temperature-controlled frictional fault heterogeneity, and their rate and magnitude depend on the sizes of these heterogeneities. Swarm earthquakes are the effect of slip acceleration on the seismic radiation level. The nucleation fronts expand the nucleation regime and may transition into stronger earthquakes. These results provide insights into the physical mechanisms of seismic processes triggered by WRI, which may have implications for assessing the seismic hazards associated with hydroelectric energy production. Teaser Seismic swarms accompanying water reservoir impoundment are driven by slow slip controlled by frictional fault heterogeneity. Introduction The basis of the European Union's climate and energy policy is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase the proportion of renewable energy sources, and increase energy efficiency. Thus, geo-energy projects are an essential element in society's sustainable development strategy. One renewable energy source is hydroelectric energy production via the usage of Artificial Water Reservoirs (AWRs). This technique is also crucial for natural water retention to control floods and mitigate droughts (1, the EU Water Framework Directive and the EU Floods Directive: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/index_en.htm). Hydropower represents about 17% of the total electricity production worldwide (source: International Energy Agency).
Microspheres of Gelatin and Poly(ethylene glycol) Coated with Ethyl Cellulose for Controlled Release of Metronidazole

A novel type of metronidazole (MN) loaded ethyl cellulose (EC) coated blend microspheres of gelatin (GE) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were prepared by the water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion method and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to achieve an encapsulation efficiency of 68%. The microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to understand the chemical interactions between the drug and the polymer matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the molecular level drug dispersion into the polymer matrix as well as surface coating onto the microspheres, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate the surface morphology. The diffusion coefficient, Dv, and solvent front velocity, u, based on volume expansion of the microspheres were calculated from the dynamic swelling data of the matrixes to obtain insights into the transport phenomenon that showed a non-Fickian trend. In vitro release of MN was dependent on the extent.
Rapid separation scheme of Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf from a single rock digest using a tandem chromatography column prior to isotope ratio measurements by mass spectrometry

A straightforward tandem column separation procedure is presented for the separation of Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf from silicate materials. It allows rapid purification, without any intervening evaporation, of these four elements of great interest in Earth science and cosmochemistry. After sample loading, the upper Sr Spec column adsorbs Sr and Pb, while the lower TODGA Spec column adsorbs Hf and Nd. Strontium-lead and hafnium–neodymium elements are then back-extracted from the Sr Spec and TODGA Spec columns, respectively. The whole separation procedure, including column setup, cleaning, and pre-conditioning, takes approximately eight hours for separating a batch of 25 samples. The proposed procedure offers significant improvement in separation efficiency of these often-used four elements, compared with conventional four column methods. Fractions of Sr, Nd and Pb are then measured by TIMS and the Hf fraction is determined by MC-ICP-MS. The stability of this procedure was demonstrated by replicate measurements of 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb isotope ratios of eight international silicate rock reference materials, spanning a wide range of bulk compositions. The analytical results obtained in this study agree well with published data. The external reproducibility (2RSD, n = 8) of standard BCR-2 was ±0.0026% for 87Sr/86Sr, ±0.0020% for 143Nd/144Nd, ±0.0049% for 176Hf/177Hf, and ±0.026–0.034% for 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb isotope ratios.
Completion of Partial Reaction Equations

We present a deep-learning model for inferring missing molecules in reaction equations. Such an algorithm features multiple interesting behaviors. First, it can infer the necessary reagents and solvents in chemical transformations specified only in terms of main compounds, as often resulting from retrosynthetic analyses. The completion with necessary reagents ensures that reaction equations are compatible with deep-learning models relying on a complete reaction specification. Second, it can cure existing datasets by detecting missing compounds, such as reagents that are essential for given classes of reactions. Finally, this model is a generalization of models for forward reaction prediction and retrosynthetic analysis, as both can be formulated in terms of incomplete reaction equations. We illustrate that a single trained model, based on the transformer architecture and acting on reaction SMILES strings, can address all three points.Workshop paper at the Machine Learning for Molecules Workshop at NeurIPS 2020.
KEEP IT SIMPLE. THE IMPACT OF LANGUAGE ON CROWDFUNDING SUCCESS

DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2021/14-1/9 ABSTRACT. The success of a crowdfunding campaign depends on obtaining funds provided by the online community. More precisely, the success of a campaign is defined as achieving its financial goal built upon convincing a relatively large number of people in a fundraiser’s idea. Thus, efficient communication with “the crowd” is necessary to obtain its expected positive attitude change. In this respect, we argue that beyond the standard campaign features such as the number of supporters, the financing goal and the campaign duration, project’s description becomes critical for a campaign’s success. The goal of this paper is to investigate the relation between the readability, the length of a description and the funding success of a campaign in the reward-based crowdfunding model. Along with standard statistical measures, we conduct logit regression on the dataset comprising over 2800 projects published on one of the largest Polish crowdfunding platforms. Our results provide evidence that both description’s length and text readability significantly influence the fundraising outcome. We interpret these results in the light of the persuasion effects as a longer text encompasses a higher number of arguments. Furthermore, a more detailed description decreases information asymmetry between the crowd and the project's author as well as induces the level of trust towards the latter. Finally, although the readability level of campaigns’ descriptions in our sample is moderate, still the projects with a clearer description are preferred by the online community.
Effect of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy on postoperative complications in patients with gastric cancer

While patients with locally advanced gastric cancer can benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), there are potential disadvantages. These include an increased rate of surgical complications, resulting in an increase in the rate of postoperative morbidity. The present study evaluates the effect of preoperative NAC on postoperative morbidity, for which the data of patients who underwent curative radical gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection due to gastric cancer were retrieved from the hospital archives and reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: those administered NAC; and those not administered NAC. The clinical characteristics of the patients, perioperative and postoperative findings, pathological characteristics and postoperative complications were evaluated. All postoperative complications were evaluated according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system. The study was conducted with 176 patients who underwent treatment in the specified time period. Group 1 comprised 39 patients who were administered NAC, while group 2 comprised 137 patients who were not administered NAC. Postoperative complications were evaluated according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system, and no statistically significant difference was identified between the two groups (P=0.186). A Cox regression analysis revealed the number of metastatic lymph nodes, TNM stage, preoperative albumin level, and the administration of NAC to be related to survival. Contrary to current expectations, NAC did not increase postoperative complications. According to the Clavien-Dindo classification system, there is no increased risk of postoperative morbidity in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who are treated with NAC.
The Process of Phenol Hydroxylation in the Water Solution and over the Ti-MWW Catalyst

Abstract This work presents the studies on the optimization of the process of phenol hydroxylation over the Ti-MWW catalyst. The medium of the reaction was only water introduced into the rector with the 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide (oxidizing agent) and formed during the reaction from the hydrogen peroxide. For the mathematical optimization the rotatable-uniform design was used. The main investigated technological parameters were: the temperature, the molar ratio of phenol/hydrogen peroxide, the catalyst content and the reaction time. The course of the main functions describing the process were presented in the form of layer drawings. The analysis of the layer drawings allowed to establish the most beneficial parameters for this process. Studies have shown that in water solution it is best to conduct phenol hydroxylation process at: the temperature of 93-100oC, phenol/hydrogen peroxide molar ratio 0.9-1, catalyst concentration 3-3.5 wt% and during the reaction time of 55-60 minutes. Under these conditions, it is possible to achieve phenol conversion of 85 mol%, selectivity of transformation to organic compounds in relation to phenol consumed 50 mol% and the yield of hydroquinone about 19 mol%. The phenol hydroxylation method, presented in this article, is a preferred alternative to conventional solutions, as it is more environmentally and cost-effective, taking into account consumption of raw materials and energy.
Determination of Biological Stability by Oxygen Uptake on Municipal Solid Waste and Derived Products

A new scientific apparatus and method are proposed for determining biological stability by oxygen uptake (respiration index, RI), on municipal solid waste (MSW) and derived products. For measuring the RI, a dynamic approach (with continuous aeration) was demonstrated to be more effective than the static approach (without aeration). The validity of the method was tested by comparing carbon losses calculated using both respirometric (carbon lossesresp) and analytical data (carbon lossesanal) during four trials performed on MSW and products derived from it. Carbon losses (expressed as g kg−1Ci, in which Ci represents initial carbon content) were: 219.0 and 248.0, 67.9 and 57.1, 39.6 and 36.4, and 250.7 and 280.3, using respirometric and analytical data alternately for Trials 1,2,3, and 4. The comparison between respirometric data using continuous or no aeration showed, for the latter, an underestimation of RI of between 70% and 90% that was more evident for unstable biomass leading to more similar values when stabilization occurred. The scientific apparatus proposed made it possible to measure oxygen uptake under autothermal conditions and avoid problems connected with the use of a preset temperature, biomass temperature being a consequence of the microbial activity, as is also suggested by the significant linear regression of T versus RI (R2 = 0.84, 0.73, 0.82, and 0.90 for the four trials, respectively). The methods proposed could be used with advantage in the future for biological stability measurements, above all for heterogeneous material such as MSW and its products, thus obtaining respirometric data that better reflect what happens during an aerobic process.
COMPENSATING WAGES OF AGROCHEMICAL EXPOSURE RISKS OF COCOA FARMWORKERS

Occupational risk is a major factor reducing productivity of farm workers as it impairs their physical capacity and increase their vulnerability to ill health, diseases and injuries. Agrochemical exposure risk has been attributed to work demand and unhealthy work environment that these workers are subjected to which they are often not compensated. Consequently, this study estimated the compensating wages of life quality for agrochemical exposure risks of cocoa farm workers in Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 180 cocoa farm workers while data on factors affecting agrochemical exposure risks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear hedonic regression. Linear hedonic regression revealed that temperature (β = 5.02), health index (β = 9.65) and participating in agrochemical spraying (β = 44.71) had positive and significant (p<0.05) influence on compensating wages while smoking (β = -41.77) and use of personal protective gadgets during spraying (β = -31.67) had negative and significant (p<0.05) influence. Cocoa farm workers received ₦75.00k per day as the compensation for incurring occupational risks. The study concluded that appropriate use of personal protective equipment minimizes agrochemical exposure risks. It was therefore recommended that educational programs that will enhance farmer’s knowledge, skills and attitude to adopt safety measures in pesticide usage should be adequately planned.
Effect of First Vibration Mode on Sub-Critical Thermocapillary Convection in Floating Zone Liquid Bridge

A numerical study has been done to analyze the effect of first mode of vibration on sub-critical thermocapillary convection in a floating zone liquid bridge of high Prandtl number fluid. First, onset of oscillatory thermocapillary flow at certain critical Marangoni number with insulated and non-deformable free surface was investigated. The onset of oscillatory flow in this case is characterized by a rotating hydrothermal wave. Then motion was induced at the free surface of the liquid bridge corresponding to 1 st mode of vibration of a free-free beam that is similar in configuration to the liquid bridge under study. In this case insulated free surface and sub-critical Marangoni number was maintained to avoid the hydrodynamic instability associated with the rotating hydrothermal wave. The amplitude of vibration was set at 1.1% and 2.25% of floating zone diameter for two series of analyses, whereas frequency of vibration was varied over a wide range to study the interaction between the imposed vibration amplitude and frequency with thermocapillary convection inside the floating zone. It is found that amplified coupling between flow and induced free surface motion occurs at certain frequency (~1 Hz) that is indicated by greatly enhanced flow and temperature oscillations. The oscillatory flow (flow and thermal pattern and oscillation frequency etc) under these sub-critical conditions is generally consistent with earlier studies in similar configuration. The possibility of free surface interaction resulting in oscillatory thermocapillary flow has been demonstrated in this work.
The Scale of Evaluating Instruction in Pandemic Process: Development, Validation, and Reliability

Annotation. The study aims to develop a scale for determining student views on distance instruction, hybrid instruction, and back-to-school process after the pandemic. The study data were obtained from 442 students. EFA and CFA were performed to determine the scale‘s construct validity. Moreover, to decide the data collection tool‘s reliability, item analysis was conducted and internal consistency coefficients were estimated. Based on the results obtained from the validity and reliability analysis of the scale, it can be said that the Scale of Evaluating Instruction in Pandemic Process (SEIPP) is valid and reliable. © 2021, Vilnius Pedagogical University. All rights reserved.