Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMATIKA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Pendidikan adalah usaha sadar yang dilakukan oleh orang dewasa kepada generasi muda untuk melestarikan nilai-nilai yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian, pola pendidikan pun berkembang sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman. Hanya saja, pada sepanjang perjalanan pendidikan mengalami problematika yang semakin kpmpleks ; termasuk pendidikan Islam. Problematika pendidikan Islam adalah menjawab tantangan peradaban yang semakin berkembang yang ditandai dengan munculnya masa yang disebutkan oleh Harold G. Shane sebagai masa depan sosio, masa depan tekno, dan masa depan bio. Sampai satu dasawarsa terakhir dunia pendidikan Islam belum sepenuhnya dapat memenuhi harapan masyarakat, fenomena itu ditandai dari rendahnya mutu lulusan, sehingga pendidikan Islam dituntut memperbaiki manajemen penyelenggarannya
Variation in traits related to water transport in Nothofagus dombeyi helps to explain its latitudinal distribution limit in the Chilean Andes

ABSTRACT Background: Functional traits related to water transport in plants, their variations and correlations can be related to the latitudinal range limits of tree species. Aims: We evaluated whether the variation and covariation of traits related to safety and efficiency in water transport in Nothofagus dombeyi could help to explain its climatic and geographic limits along the Chilean Andes. Methods: We quantified and correlated the intraspecific variations of leaf mass per area, wood density (WD) and leaf and xylem hydraulic conductivities in three populations of N. dombeyi near its northern and southern range limits and in its mid-latitudinal distribution. Results: N. dombeyi showed a considerable intraspecific variation in traits related to safety and efficiency of water transport. These traits showed functional restrictions both in the northern and southern distribution limits, where climatic conditions could be considered stressful. We found a negative covariation between safety and efficiency traits (e.g. WD vs. leaf specific hydraulic conductivity) in the southern population, while hydraulic conductivity traits (xylem and leaf conductivities) showed a positive covariation along the three populations. Conclusions: Functional traits allow inferring the potential specific filter mechanisms underlying the current range limits of N. dombeyi along the climatic-gradient, where their individuals exhibit variations in strategies for acquiring water resources associated with embolism resistance.
Low-temperature process for green tea drying using zeolite adsorption integrated fluidized bed dryer

This work studied the optimization of low-temperature drying by using a laboratory scale and applied it on the pilot plant scale of fluidized bed dryer integrated with zeolite adsorption. The drying time was observed regarding the airflow rate, temperature and zeolite-tea leave ratio. The green tea leaves moisture content was specified gravimetrically until constant weight can be obtained. Applying 70°C as the drying temperature, the green tea leave is secure for a faster drying rate and can be avoided from the catechin epimerization and thermal degradation. Applying 0.40 m/s as airflow rate can remove the water surface faster than 0.50 m/s of airflow rate, although it needs a longer time to drag out the inner moisture content of the solid. The pilot-plant scale required longer time (40 minutes) on the first falling rate period than laboratory scale (30 minutes), although it gave faster second falling rate period at the same airflow rate (0.50 m/s), temperature (70° C) and zeolite-tea leave ratio (25:75).
The Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is paving the forefront of research in the biomedical sciences and related disciplines. This computationally advanced tool is evolving every day, with new algorithms and methods surfacing to aid in complex, deep analysis of datasets in the lab and clinic. Here, we aim to explore the current state of AI, specifically in regards to the canonical and novel machine learning algorithms developed thus far, and explicate how these methods are implemented in biomedical imaging for scientific advantage.
Integration of the Tumor Mutational Burden and Tumor Heterogeneity Identify an Immunological Subtype of Melanoma With Favorable Survival

The tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been reported as a predictive marker of the response to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy in previous melanoma clinical trials. However, the TMB alone is not sufficient to accurately predict immunotherapy benefit. Additional biomarkers are needed for better stratification of immunotherapy-sensitive patients. In the present study, mutation data and survival information of patients with melanoma were collected from several immunotherapy studies, and tumor heterogeneity was estimated using mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH). The benefit score was defined as the ratio between the TMB and tumor heterogeneity, and optimal critical values were selected to group patients and evaluate their response to ICI treatment. The benefit score significantly improved the performance of stratifying the overall survival of patients compared with the TMB alone as a predictor in two independent cohorts (p = 0.0068 vs. p = 0.1 and p = 0.045 vs. p = 0.13), in which patients were treated with Ipilimumab and Nivolumab, respectively. In another cohort of patients with melanoma receiving mixed ICI treatment, the benefit score was also positively associated with higher overall survival (p = 0.022) and outperformed the TMB alone, with a significance of p = 0.089. The benefit score showed a positive correlation with clonal TMB, a reported immunotherapy marker, and exceeded it in immunotherapy response prediction. Besides, a high benefit score was found to be associated with higher proportions of natural killer cells, lower proportions of M2 macrophages and elevated CD8 T cells, all of which favor ICI therapy. In summary, tumor heterogeneity combined with the TMB showed superior efficacy in predicting the response to ICI therapy. This might further help to delineate the mechanisms of immunotherapy in patients with melanoma.
Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588-Induced Protectin D1 Has an Anti-inflammatory Effect on Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Disorder

Metabolites are thought as the end products in cellular regulatory processes and their levels show the strongest relationships with the phenotype. Previously, we showed that the administration of Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588) upregulated protectin D1, an anti-inflammatory lipid metabolite, in colon tissue under antibiotic therapy. However, how CBM 588 induces protectin D1 expression and whether the metabolite has anti-inflammatory effects on antibiotic-induced inflammation are unclear. Therefore, here, we evaluated the effect of CBM 588 on lipid metabolism and protectin D1 in gut protection from antibiotic-induced intestinal disorders. In the CBM 588 treatment group, expression levels of genes encoding lipid receptors related to the conversion of DHA to protectin D1, such as polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) receptors, G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), and 15-lipoxygenase (LOX), were increased in colon tissue. CD4+ cells producing interleukin (IL)-4, the main component of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells that can activate 15-LOX, also increased in CBM 588-treated groups even after clindamycin co-administration. In addition, similar to CBM 588, exogenously administered protectin D1 reduced inflammatory cytokines, while IL-10 and TGF-β1, works as anti-inflammatory cytokines, were increased. Our data revealed that CBM 588 activated 15-LOX to enhance protectin D1 production by increasing IL-4-producing CD4+ cell population in the intestinal tract. Additionally, CBM 588-induced protectin D1 clearly upregulated IL-10-producing CD4+ cells to control antibiotic-induced gut inflammation. We provide new insights into CBM 588-mediated lipid metabolism induction for the treatment of gut inflammatory diseases.
The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on People With Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has radically changed the world in a few weeks. Italy has been one of the first and most affected countries with more than 30,000 deaths up to now. Public health measures as quarantine or national lockdown are necessary to limit the spread of infectious diseases, but it is unsurprising that depriving people of their liberty has negative psychological effects. This is especially the case for people with chronic diseases, including neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS). People with MS (PwMS) have a higher burden of neuropsychiatric comorbidities and are known to undertake maladaptive coping strategies in stress conditions. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on mental health of an Italian cohort of PwMS in comparison with healthy controls (HCs). Methods: A total of 60 PwMS and 50 HCs (chosen among patients' cohabitants) were asked to answer a Web-based survey. This survey inquired about the impact of COVID-19 on patient's quality of life, job, and daily routine. Mood, fatigue, and sleep quality were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), the Generalized Anxiety Disease 7 (GAD-7), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Overall, patients had higher scores of BDI, FSS, and PSQI, and these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). When we looked at the subscores of the BDI, we detected a statistically significant difference for the neurovegetative part—that concerns with sleep, appetite, sex, and quality of sleep (p < 0.05). One out of five patients reported new symptoms or worsening of known symptom, in particular, sensory disturbances, and fatigue. However, no symptoms were severe enough to require hospitalization. When we looked for correlations among variables, we found that there was a significant relationship between unemployment and BDI total score, GAD-7, and PSQI in MS group. The presence of new symptoms or the worsening of symptoms positively related to FSS and to PSQI. Discussion: We identified that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic had a significant impact on the psychological status of patients with MS. Compared with the general population, PwMS presented a higher burden of depressive symptoms, a worse sleep quality and perceived an increase in fatigue level, one of the most disabling symptoms of MS. The COVID-19 epidemic poses a challenge to psychological resilience. More studies are warranted to better understand the long-term consequences of the pandemic on mental health of vulnerable people during the disease outbreaks.
Influence of Surface Finishes and a Calcium Phosphate-Based Consolidant on the Decay of Sedimentary Building Stones Due to Acid Attack

Natural stone has long been used as a building material because of its physical-mechanical resistance and its esthetic appeal. However, over the last century increasing industrial activity has produced more acidic environments, such as polluted urban areas, that can cause serious damage to many buildings and historic monuments, and in particular those made with carbonate rocks, which are most prone to decay. In order to mitigate the physicochemical processes that degrade these buildings, a number of phosphate-based consolidants have been developed, which are highly compatible with the carbonated substrate. Research about the role of the surface and its different possible finishes in the transmission of the agents that damage or protect the stone would therefore be very useful, both when choosing the most suitable stone for new constructions and when restoring historic buildings. The main objective of this research was to determine whether the roughness of three types of surface finish (saw-cut, honed and bush-hammered) influences the durability of four types of natural stone (two calcarenites, one travertine and one sandstone) widely used in Andalusia (Spain). The efficacy of a calcium phosphate-based consolidant as a mitigator of deterioration in polluted urban environments was also studied and to this end the physical properties of untreated and treated samples were measured and compared. The samples were exposed to artificial atmospheres with SO2 pollution in order to assess the damage caused to each surface finish. The results indicate that all the surface finishes were vulnerable to the decay caused by acidic atmospheres, although the saw-cut finish was less affected, perhaps because it did not require additional industrial processing. The mineral composition and texture of the rocks were critical factors in terms of the amount and type of decay they suffered, and the travertine and sandstone were more resistant to deterioration than the calcarenites. Similarly, the pore system of each rock was decisive in the penetration of the consolidant. Application of the consolidant improved the behavior of the treated samples by making them more resistant to acid attack without significantly altering the water vapor permeability, the color or the roughness of the surface.
Psychopathology, Body Image and Quality of Life in Female Children and Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study on the Acceptability of a Pilates Program

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness that without early effective treatment becomes chronic with high physical, psychological and social morbidity and high mortality. Pilates exercises can improve quality of life and increase body awareness in different clinical and healthy populations. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the acceptability of a Pilates program in a sample of female children and adolescents with AN by evaluating the psychopathological status, alterations in the perception of body image and health-related quality of life after 10 weeks. Methods: A total of 12 female patients (age: 14.6 ± 1.7 years) completed the 10-week Pilates program. Psychopathology (EDI-3), body image disturbance (CDRS) and quality of life (KIDSCREEN-27) were evaluated before and after the intervention. A satisfaction questionnaire was also provided. Results: Regarding psychopathology, although there were standardized reductions in seven parameters of those that form EDI-3, none of them reached significance. In relation to body image, significant, moderately standardized and substantial decreases were observed in the body dissatisfaction (p = 0.046, Cohen's d = −0.69). There were significant, large standardized and substantial increases in physical well-being (p = 0.008, Cohen's d = 1.37) and significant, moderately standardized and substantial decreases in autonomy and parent relation (p = 0.021, Cohen's d = −0.60). Satisfaction data was positive. Conclusion: A Pilates program could help to improve perceived health outcomes by decreasing body dissatisfaction and increasing physical well-being in female children and adolescents with AN, so Pilates seems to be a beneficial complementary treatment in children and adolescents with AN. These findings from our pilot study are encouraging for future research with a substantially larger sample size, representing the first phase of a longer process.
Slovenian adaptation of the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability Scales improved (MESSi)

ABSTRACT Circadian preference can be measured by a set of questionnaires. While accepting the biological correlates as a good convergent criterion, researchers criticized currently used questionnaires because of their design, weighted number of items, unbalanced scoring or uneven Likert scales. This led to the development of a composite questionnaire, the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scales improved (MESSi). The MESSi contains three constructs: morning affect (MA), eveningness (EV) and stability/distinctness (DI). The aim of this study was a preliminary assessment of a Slovenian translation of the MESSi. Students of five different study programs from the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Education, participated in the study (N = 275). The scales fit to a three-factor solution, based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s α were 0.82 (MA), 0.85 (EV), and 0.69 (DI). After allowing covariances (loading onto the same factor) the model fit was good (RMSEA = 0.055). Nearly all sleep-wake variables were correlated with MA and EV in the expected direction. As a conclusion, we can propose to use the MESSi also in Slovenia.
Basics and recent advances in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, inflammation and intense itch. Although the exact mechanisms behind its pathogenesis remain unclear, it is evident that the complex interplay among barrier dysfunction, inflammation and itch are critical in its development, progression and chronicity. Abnormalities in filaggrin, intercellular lipids and tight junctions induce barrier‐disrupted skin, which produces thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)‐25 and IL‐33; these in turn promote skin inflammation characterized by type 2 immune deviation. This inflammation then downregulates the expression of filaggrin in keratinocytes and exacerbates epidermal barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, various itch mediators/pruritogens produced during this inflammatory process can act directly on sensory nerves and cause itch. In this review, we summarize the basics and recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis focusing on three aspects: barrier dysfunction, skin inflammation and itch.
Prenatal features in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and indications for prenatal testing

Background Most cases of Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) are diagnosed after birth and few studies evaluated the prenatal phenotype; here, we investigate these aspects in a large series of patients with BWSp. Methods Eighty-nine patients with BWSp recruited through the BWSp Internal Registry of the Pediatric Genetics Unit of the Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital of Torino and through the Italian Association of Patients with BWSp. Data collection was conducted through administration of a personalised questionnaire, interview to patients’ parents, review of the clinical records, including prenatal ultrasound (US) and biochemical screening tests, physical examination and review of clinical and molecular data of the patients. Results Seventeen patients (19.1%) were conceived through assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Twinning occurred in nine pregnancies (three from ART). Pregnancy biochemical screening tests showed increased alpha-fetoprotein (1.52±0.79 multiples of median (MoM), p=0.001), uEstriol (1.37±0.38 MoM, p<0.001) and total human chorionic gonadotrophin (2.14±2.12 MoM, p=0.008) at 15–18 weeks (n=28). Morphology US scan revealed abdominal and head circumferences higher than normal (1.42±1.10 SD scores, p<0.001 and 0.54±0.88, p<0.001, respectively) with normal femur lengths. Sixty-four cases (71.9%%) had a various combination of US findings, including macrosomia (n=32), omphalocele (n=15), enlargement of abdominal organs (n=6), macroglossia (n=11), adrenal cysts/masses (n=2), nephroureteral anomalies (n=11), polyhydramnios (n=28), placental enlargement (n=2) or mesenchymal dysplasia (n=4). Conclusion We propose a clinical scoring system for prenatal molecular investigations defining major, minor and supportive criteria among the several features often observed prenatally in BWSp.
Aptitude Requirements for Human Operators in Human–Automation Interaction

Abstract. The purpose of this work was to identify individual differences that affect aptitude requirements for jobs involving autonomous systems and human–automation interaction (HAI). This was addressed in two stages. First, we conducted a literature review of task demands and operator states relevant to HAI. On the basis of this review, we formed a model for understanding performance as a composite of operator states, operator behaviors, and distal outcomes. Second, we conducted a meta-analysis of correlations between individual differences and criteria reflecting job demands of an HAI environment. Results suggest cognitive skills such as working memory are important to performance in an HAI context. Inconsistent findings for personality across studies underscore the need for more research. Measurement challenges and research gaps are identified.
Comparative evaluation of alpha amylase levels in serum and saliva of healthy individuals and subjects with chronic periodontitis

Introduction: Amylase is a key protein secreted in saliva and serum as a part of oral host immune response in periodontal disease. However very few documents are available on serum and salivary alpha amylase levels correlating the periodontal status in same patients. Hence to evaluate and compare the levels of alpha amylase in serum and saliva between chronic periodontitis and healthy patients. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum and saliva was collected from 40 patients between 25-60 years of age. They were divided into two groups Both the groups were evaluated for serum and salivary alpha amylase and clinical parameters were recorded Results: The result of this study showed that salivary alpha amylase was significantly higher in chronic periodontitis group as compared to healthy control group. Serum alpha amylase was equally prevalent in both the groups. Conclusion: There was an increase in salivary alpha amylase levels in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to the healthy group but the serum alpha amylase level was constant in both the groups. Thus present results have documented that salivary alpha amylase can be used as a biomarker to link new emerging diagnostic technique with novel therapeutic approach.
Attention-based skin lesion recognition

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancers in the world and is a big concern for people’s health. In recent years, automatic algorithms to recognize skin cancers from dermoscopy images have gained lots of popularity, especially deep-learning-based methods. In this thesis, we propose an attention-based deep learning model for skin cancer recognition. The attention modules, which are learned together with other network parameters, estimate attention maps that highlight image regions of interest that are relevant to lesion classiﬁcation. These attention maps provide a more interpretable output as opposed to only outputting a class label. Additionally, we propose to utilize prior information by regularizing attention maps with regions of interest (ROIs) (e.g., lesion segmentation or dermoscopic features). To our knowledge, we are the ﬁrst to introduce an end-to-end trainable attention module with regularization for skin cancer recognition. We provide both quantitative and qualitative results on public datasets to demonstrate the eﬀectiveness of our method. Experiments show that: (1) the attention module is capable of ruling out irrelevant areas in the image; (2) when the proposed attention regularization terms are applied, both the classiﬁcation performance and the attention maps can be further reﬁned; (3) the attention regularization is quite robust and ﬂexible in that it can take advantage of sparse or even imperfect ROI maps.