Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dipping Temperature and Dipping Time on Drying Rate and Color Change of Grapes

Thompson seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera) were pretreated in potassium carbonate and ethyl oleate solutions for 1, 2, and 3 min at 30, 40, 50, and 60°C and dried in a convective air dryer at 60°C. The effect of dipping time and solution temperature on drying rate and color kinetics were investigated. Grapes dipped into the solution at 60°C for 2 and 3 min had the fastest drying rate. Among the seven semi theoretical models compared, the Midilli equation best described the drying curves of grapes for all dipping pretreatments. Color data were obtained using a machine vision system in CIE L*a*b* color space. Regardless of the dipping time and temperature applied, all raisins had varying degrees of brown coloring. At all dipping times and temperatures the highest R 2 value was obtained for a* values, which followed zero-order reaction kinetics during drying.
COMPARISON OF PROPOFOL-NALBUPHINE AND PROPOFOL –FENTANYL COMBINATIONS IN TOTAL INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHESIA

Use of TIVA has increased in recent past due to smooth induction, stable operating conditions, easiness in control of anaesthesia, smooth recovery, comparatively lower cost than G.A with inhalational agents and no pollution of O.T. area. Availability of better newer drugs with minimum cardiac depressant effects, lesser Nausea and Vomiting in post operative period (PONV), easiness to control anaesthesia and smooth recovery has made TIVA method of choice for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia.
Adsorption of myoglobin onto various synthetic hydroxyapatite particles

The adsorption of myoglobin (MGB) onto various kinds of colloidal synthetic hydroxyapatite [X10(PO4)6(OH)2, noted CaHap, SrHap and CaSrHap for X=Ca, Sr and Ca+Sr, respectively] particles was investigated at 15°C in a 1×10−4 mol dm−3 KCl solution of pH 6.0. The adsorption rate of MGB onto CaHap was comparable to that of lysozyme (LSZ) and was faster than that of bovine serum albumin (BSA). This distinction was explained by the difference in the molecular mass of these proteins (MGB: 17800 Da, LSZ: 14600 Da, BSA: 67200 Da); the diffusion rates of the smaller MGB and LSZ molecules to the CaHap surface are faster than that of the larger BSA. The adsorption isotherms of MGB onto these synthetic hydroxyapatites (Haps) exhibited the Langmuir type and the surface charge of the MGB-covered Haps showed almost constant negative value and was independent of the MGB concentration for all the Haps. The values of the saturated amounts of adsorbed MGB for CaHap were independent of the Ca:PO4 molar ratio of the materials, supporting less importance of an electrostatic interaction between MGB and Haps because MGB molecules are electrostatically neutral at pH 6. It was presumed that MGB molecules are adsorbed onto phosphate ions exposed on ac and bc crystal faces by the van der Waals attractive force without taking advantage of the electrostatic interaction.
Illuminating type collections of nectriaceous fungi in Saccardo’s fungarium

Specimens of Nectria spp. and Nectriella rufofusca were obtained from the fungarium of Pier Andrea Saccardo, and investigated via a morphological and molecular approach based on MiSeq technology. ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were successfully obtained from 24 specimens identified as ‘Nectria’ sensu Saccardo (including 20 types) and from the type specimen of Nectriella rufofusca. For Nectria ambigua, N. radians and N. tjibodensis only the ITS1 sequence was recovered. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses new nomenclatural combinations for Nectria albofimbriata, N. ambigua, N. ambigua var. pallens, N. granuligera, N. peziza subsp. reyesiana, N. radians, N. squamuligera, N. tjibodensis and new synonymies for N. congesta, N. flageoletiana, N. phyllostachydis, N. sordescens and N. tjibodensis var. crebrior are proposed. Furthermore, the current classification is confirmed for Nectria coronata, N. cyanostoma, N. dolichospora, N. illudens, N. leucotricha, N. mantuana, N. raripila and Nectriella rufofusca. This is the first time that these more than 100-yr-old specimens are subjected to molecular analysis, thereby providing important new DNA sequence data authentic for these names.
An ear and eye for language: Mechanisms underlying second language word learning

Abstract To become fluent in a second language, learners need to acquire a large vocabulary. However, the cognitive and affective mechanisms that support word learning, particularly among second language learners, are only beginning to be understood. Prior research has focused on intentional learning and small artificial lexicons. In the current study investigating the sources of individual variability in word learning and their underlying mechanisms, participants intentionally and incidentally learned a large vocabulary of Welsh words (i.e., emulating word learning in the wild) and completed a large battery of cognitive and affective measures. The results showed that, for both learning conditions, native language knowledge, auditory/phonological abilities and orthographic sensitivity all made unique contributions to word learning. Importantly, short-term/working memory played a significantly larger role in intentional learning. We discuss these results in the context of the mechanisms that support both native and non-native language learning.
Soft-Information Assisted Modulation Recognition for Reconfigurable Radios

Modulation recognition plays a critical role in the development of reconfigurable radios which intelligently interact with their environments to maximize resources utilization. This research topic has been intensively investigated in the literature for different communication systems during the last decades. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no work has been reported to take advantage of channel decoders, which are typically implemented in most practical systems, in designing modulation recognition algorithms. In this contribution, for the first time in the literature, we show how the output of a channel decoder can be exploited to iteratively estimate the maximum-likelihood value of the transmit modulation format. The proposed algorithm is implemented via an expectation-maximization procedure. The proposed algorithm operates with any channel code as long as its decoder can provide the a posteriori probabilities of the transmitted bits. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm achieves a high recognition performance over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios compared to the traditional ones.
Ensemble Many-Objective Optimization Algorithm Based on Voting Mechanism

Sorting solutions play a key role in using evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to solve many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs). Generally, different solution-sorting methods possess different advantages in dealing with distinct MaOPs. Focusing on this characteristic, this article proposes a general voting-mechanism-based ensemble framework (VMEF), where different solution-sorting methods can be integrated and work cooperatively to select promising solutions in a more robust manner. In addition, a strategy is designed to calculate the contribution of each solution-sorting method and then the total votes are adaptively allocated to different solution-sorting methods according to their contribution. Solution-sorting methods that make more contribution to the optimization process are rewarded with more votes and the solution-sorting methods with poor contribution will be punished in a period of time, which offers a good feedback to the optimization process. Finally, to test the performance of VMEF, extensive experiments are conducted in which VMEF is compared with five state-of-the-art peer many-objective EAs, including NSGA-III, SPEA/R, hpaEA, BiGE, and grid-based evolutionary algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the overall performance of VMEF is significantly better than that of these comparative algorithms.
Crystal structure of bis(4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) O,O'-(butane-1,4-diyl)dioxime, C18H20N2O4

C18H20N2O4 ,m onoclinic, P121/c 1( no. 14), a =2 0.195(2) A, b =5 . 1601(4) A, c =8 . 3019(7) A, ) =1 00.775(1)°, V =8 49.9 A 3 , Z =2 , Rgt(F) =0 . 044, wRref(F 2 ) =0 . 138, T =2 98 K. Source of material To ah ot ethano ls olution (1 0m l) of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (183.0 mg, 1.5 mmol) was added an ethanol solution (5 ml) of 1,4bis(aminooxy)butane (90.0 mg, 0.75 mmol). The solution was stirred at 328 Kf or 4.5 h, then the solvent was partially evaporated under reduced pressure. After cooling to room temperature, th er eactio nm ixture wa sf iltered, washed successively with dichloromethane and dichloromethane/hexane (1:4), respectively. Th ei solated compound was dried under reduced pressure and purified by recrystallization from acetone to yield 246 mg of crystalline solid (yield 79 %, m.p. 424-425 K). Colorless blockshaped single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction studies were obtained by slow evaporation from am ixture of dichloromethane/methanol. (1:2, v/v) at room temperature. Elemental analysis —f ound: C, 65.55 %; H, 6.28 %; N, 8.59 %; calculated fo rC 18H20N2O4 :C ,6 5.84 %; H, 6.14 %; N, 8.53 %. Discussion
Toward Well-Controlled ab Initio RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Mediated by 2-(((Dodecylsulfanyl)carbonothioyl)sulfanyl)propanoic Acid

Reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) ab initio emulsion polymerization of styrene mediated by 2-(((dodecylsulfanyl) carbonothioyl) sulfanyl) propanoic acid was investigated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), poly(acrylic acid)29-b-polystyrene5 trithiocarbonate macro-RAFT agent (PAA29-PSt5-RAFT), and poly(acrylic acid)29-b-polystyrene5 diblock co-oligomer (PAA29-PSt5) as the surfactant, respectively. Polystyrene latex having controlled molecular weight, relatively low PD and narrow particle size distribution was obtained by postneutralizing PAA29-PSt5-RAFT and PAA29-PSt5. This result was in agreement with the superswelling hypothesis that superswollen oligomer-containing particles caused the colloidal instability in the early stage of RAFT emulsion polymerization with SDS as surfactant. The successes of PAA29-PSt5-RAFT and PAA29-PSt5 were due to the high interfacial tensions of the styrene/water/surfactant systems that suppressed the superswelling and thus improved the colloidal instabil.
Anharmonic interactions in alkali halides. I

Calculations of the Griineisen parameters of individual modes of vibration, of the average Griineisen parameter, and of the temperature dependence of the elastic constants, of sodium iodide and potassium bromide have given reasonable agreement with experiment. The model used was a shell model, obtained from experimental measurements of the dispersion curves, extended in a simple way to include the anharmonicity. Calculations have also been made of the spectral functions of some of the normal modes propagating in the [111] direction. These show qualitative agreement with experiment in that the longitudinal optic modes are particularly temperature dependent. The results are used to discuss the validity and usefulness of a quasi-harmonic approximation in which the frequencies are those measured experimentally. The optical constants and the reflectivity of the crystals have also been calculated and are compared with experiment.
Particle Identification by the Measurement of Acoustic Emission Due to the Impact of a Particle on a Circular Plate

An apparatus for the measurement of particle velocity and the diameter of a spherical particle (smaller than 10 mm) using acoustic emission due to the impact of the particle on a circular plate is developed. Based on the dropping experiments of nylon, high carbon chromium bearing steel (SUJ) and glass particles, the initial peak height (P1) and the peak frequency (fp) of the impact sound are related to the impact velocity (v), particle diameter (D), Young's modulus (Ep), Poisson's ratio (μp) and particle density (ρp). The P1 and fp are empirically expressed by Eqs.(6) and (15) respectively. If the properties of spherical particle are known, it is possible to estimate D and v from these equations by measuring P1and fp of the acoustic signal due to the impact of a particle. If a mass of spherical particle is known, it is also possible to estimate Ep and μp from these equations by measuring D and v using the apparatus.
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Genomic Variant Analysis of Kazakh Individuals

Kazakhstan, the ninth-largest country in the world, is located along the Great Silk Road and connects Europe with Asia. Historically, its territory has been inhabited by nomadic tribes, and modern-day Kazakhstan is a multiethnic country with a dominant Kazakh population. We sequenced and analyzed the genomes of five ethnic Kazakhs at high coverage using the Illumina HiSeq2000 next-generation sequencing platform. The five Kazakhs yielded a total number of base pairs ranging from 87,308,581,400 to 107,526,741,301. On average, 99.06% were properly mapped. Based on the Het/Hom and Ti/Tv ratios, the quality of the genomic data ranged from 1.35 to 1.49 and from 2.07 to 2.08, respectively. Genetic variants were identified and annotated. Functional analysis of the genetic variants identified several variants that were associated with higher risks of metabolic and neurogenerative diseases. The present study showed high levels of genetic admixture of Kazakhs that were comparable to those of other Central Asians. These whole-genome sequence data of healthy Kazakhs could contribute significantly to biomedical studies of common diseases as their findings could allow better insight into the genotype–phenotype relations at the population level.
SIMPLEX OPTIMIZATION FOR ALOE-EMODIN SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION USING AQUEOUS DOUBLE-PHASE EXTRACTION SYSTEM

We report a new method of aloe-emodin separation and purification that is based on the simplex optimization method of an acetone-ammonium sulfate aqueous double-phase system. We investigated the partitioning trends and conditions of this double-phase system and identified an optimized double-phase recipe for aloe-emodin separation and purification. With this recipe, aloe-emodin was extracted at a purity of 95.23%. The simplex method reported here only requires simple equipment, and mild experimental conditions. The operations are cheap and easy, and produce products with high purity and yield. Thus, the simplex optimization method is effective in optimizing aqueous double-phase systems for industrialized production.
E-Assessment in Higher Education: Students' Perspective.

This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of e-assessment in higher education from the perspective of students, and it also examines the student’s reaction to this method. There are many developing countries that have begun to explore technology-based assessment systems. The new assessment system has benefits to institutions and to students. The purpose of this paper is to understand the benefits students are receiving from e-assessment as well as the complications they are facing when institutions are adapting e-assessment and switching from traditional assessment. The paper is based on the views of a small sample of university students chosen randomly, which found mixed reactions to e-assessment. Although students appreciate the importance of e-assessment, they have some fears about technology-based examinations as all of them do not have an equal level of IT competence. Further research should be carried out to explore other aspects of e-assessment in the higher education context.
Large-scale space use of large juvenile and adult smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata: implications for management

The smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata is an endangered species endemic to the Atlantic Ocean. The only known viable populations occur in the USA along both coasts of Florida and in the western Bahamas. Little is known about habitat use and movement ecology of large juvenile and adult smalltooth sawfish. Although Critical Habitat — a management designation in the USA — has been identified for small juveniles, it has yet to be identified for these life stages. Between May 2016 and April 2019, we used passive acoustic telemetry and 3 large data sharing networks of receivers to track movements of 43 large juvenile and adult smalltooth sawfish. During this study, 24 females and 19 males were implanted with transmitters with estimated 4 or 10 yr battery lives. These tagged individuals were detected off the southeastern USA on 461 receivers ranging from off the coast of Brunswick, Georgia, to the lower Florida Keys, and along the Gulf coast to Apalachee Bay, Florida. Seasonal migrations were undertaken by 58% (43% mature; 57% immature) of the tagged individuals, with the remainder being apparent residents of their tagging locations. Tagged sawfish from both size classes and of both sexes migrated, which indicates that neither sex nor length is a predictor of whether a sawfish will migrate or not. Although both coasts of Florida were used for migration, most individuals consistently used the same coast when they migrated. The areas surrounding Boca Grande, Cape Canaveral, and the lower Florida Keys were heavily visited sites that could be further evaluated as potential Critical Habitat for these life stages. Understanding the movement patterns of this Critically Endangered species is essential for creating policies to protect areas important for promoting growth of the population.
Resistance to Change and Ways of Reducing Resistance in Educational Organizations

In the European Unionâ€™s states the functioning speed of managerial systems is continuously rising, being necessary the improvement or the replacement of the organizationâ€™s management systems in order to adapt them to the requests specific to the new economy. In the new economy, the human and informational resource has a risen importance. On the organization and exploitation method for these resources depends more and more the accomplishment of the organizationâ€™s performances.
Analysis of Workplace Stress Based on Employee Workload in Bank Mega Syariah Medan

Bank Mega Syariah Medan is one of the private banks in Indonesia which was developed based on Islamic law. The workload given by the company is considered to have an influence on employee’s workplace stress. The workload referred to is related to physical workload and mental workload. The aim of this study is to determine the level of workplace stress based on physical workload and mental workload as well as workload that dominates the occurrence of workplace stress on employees. In this study, a structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale is used to measure the index of workplace stress level of the employees of Bank Mega Syariah Medan. The population in this study amounted to 35 people and the entire population is used as the sample. The data obtained is analyzed using descriptive statistical method. This study shows that workplace stress based on the workload of the employees of Bank Mega Syariah Medan is in the medium category. Mental workload is the workload that dominates the workplace stress of Bank Mega Syariah employees.
Multiscale sources of spatial variation in soil. I: The application of fractal concepts to nested levels of soil variation

Summary Soil variation has often been considered to be composed of‘functional’ or ‘systematic’ variation that can be explained, and random variation (‘noise’) that is unresolved. The distinction between systematic variation and noise is entirely scale dependent because increasing the scale of observation almost always reveals structure in the noise. The white noise concept of a normally distributed random function must be replaced to take into account the nested, autocorrelated and scale-dependent nature of unresolved variations. Fractals are a means of studying these phenomena. The Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension D is introduced as a measure of the relative balance between long- and short-range sources of variation; D can be estimated from the slope of a double logarithmic plot of the semivariogram. The family of Brownian linear fractals is introduced as the model of ideal stochastic fractals. Data from published and unpublished soil studies are examined and compared with other environmental data and simulated fractional Brownian series. The soil data are fractals because increasing the scale of observation continues to reveal more and more detail. But soil does not vary exactly as a Brownian fractal because its variation is controlled by many independent processes that can cause abrupt transitions or local second order stationarity. Estimates of D values show that soil data usually have a much higher proportion of short-range variation than landform or ground water surfaces. The practical implication is that interpolation of soil property values based on observations from single 10 cm auger observations will be unsatisfactory and that some method of bulking or block kriging should be used whenever longrange variations need to be mapped.
A survey of selected categorical properties of algebras with multivalued addition

In this paper we survey selected categorical properties of module-like objects with multivalued addition. The general theme of the results included here is that they are aimed towards designing a version of homological algebra over such structures. A vast majority of these results has been already known for some time, in a few instances where the authors could not find references, they provide short proofs in order to fill gaps in their exposition.
Turkish Firms and the Covid-19 Outbreak: Preliminary Evidence for General Business Outlook and Responses

The global Covid-19 crisis hit public life and the economy hard in the first half of 2020. This study examines the impact of Covid-19 on business by considering survey data from 182 Turkish firms operating in the manufacturing sector. The data analysis revealed several key findings. First, Covid-19 has negatively influenced business turnover and has increased uncertainty, with competitiveness expected to remain moderately high. Second, firms have responded to the Covid-19 crisis flexibly at the organizational and operational levels. Even though many firms have applied for state support schemes, there has been considerable criticism of the scope and amount of support on offer. Firms anticipate that the shutdown will last up to 24 months, although many may face severe restrictions as the crisis continues. In addition, the results indicated that the impacts of Covid-19 crisis differ among sectors and firm sizes. Discussion centres on the implications of these findings for businesses, both within Turkey and beyond.
A Study on the Bonding Process of Cu Bump/Sn/Cu Bump Bonding Structure for 3D Packaging Applications

This study reports the kinetics of the bonding process of a Cu bump/10 μm thick Sn bonding layer/Cu bump bonding structure, popularly adopted for three-dimensional (3D) packaging, and the mechanical properties of the joints. Characterizing the bonding morphologies of the joints using scanning electron microscopy disclosed that a drastic intermetallic phase transformation occurred around the melting temperature of Sn in a manner similar to the wetting process of SnPb solder on Cu. We also delved into the mechanical behavior of the joints using lap-shear testing to illuminate that a unique feature of the joints is a lack of ductility. In addition, the samples exhibited a sensitive dependence of the joint strength on the bonding conditions (temperature and pressure).