Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMERGENCY CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY PROCEDURE: LECTURE ON SURGICAL ANATOMY AND BRIEFING OF THE PROCEDURE FOLLOWED BY SKILL ASSESSMENT IN FIRST SEMESTER MEDICAL STUDENTS

Introduction: Emergency Cricothyroidotomy (ECT) is a life-saving procedure where the cricothyroid membrane is incised to access the larynx to establish breathing in ‘can’t intubate, can’t ventilate’ situations. This procedure can be taught along with midline neck anatomy to the first semester medical students and their understanding and application of knowledge could be assessed on cadavers. Materials and methods: Total three sessions was organized to expose and assess the first semester medical students about the Emergency Cricothyroidotomy (ECT) procedure. In each session, a two hour long integrated lecture was delivered regarding the surgical anatomy and the procedure. After that, randomly selected students were assigned a cadaver to locate and puncture the cricothyroid membrane with a sharp pointed wide probe. The time was recorded and pre and post session questionnaire was distributed and response was analysed. Result: The total study participants were 154. Analysis revealed knowledge and confidence of performing the procedure was statistically significantly increased (p <0.005) among the participants after the session. 90% participants successfully pierced the cricothyroid membrane as a team and the average time was 2 minutes 35 seconds. The most students gave a ‘good’ or ‘very good’ rating of this session. Conclusion: The medical students should be exposed to emergency life-saving procedures in relation to their anatomy course in earlier days of medical school. This could make them aware and oriented about the procedures which could be beneficial during their clinical training.
Sex Differences in Heart Failure Mortality with Preserved, Mildly Reduced and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Retrospective, Single-Center, Large-Cohort Study

Background: Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Studies show that women have better survival rates than men despite higher hospitalizations. However, little is known about differences in mortality and predictors of death in women and men with HF with preserved (HFpEF), mildly reduced (HFmrEF), and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: From February 2017 to September 2020, mortality and predictors of death were analyzed in women and men with HF. Baseline data included clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings. Results: A total of 11,282 patients, 63.9 ± 14.4 years, including 6256 (55.4%) males, were studied. Females were older, had a higher baseline mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and lower left ventricular diastolic diameter. During follow-ups, 1375 (22%) men and 925 (18.4%) women died. Cumulative incidence of death was higher in men with HFrEF but similar for HFmrEF and HFpEF. Cox regression for death showed renal dysfunction, stroke, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, age, LVEF, valve disease, MI, and hypertensive CMP as independent death predictors for all HF patients. Conclusions: Women had a better prognosis than men in HFrEF and similar mortality for HFmrEF and HFpEF, but sex was not an independent predictor of death for all HF subtypes.
Families, Labor Markets, and Policy

Using comparable data for 24 countries since the 1970s, we document gender convergence in schooling, employment and earnings, marriage delay and the accompanying decline in fertility, and the large remaining gaps in labor market outcomes, especially among parents. A model of time allocation illustrates how the specialization of spouses in home or market production responds to preferences, comparative advantages and public policies. We draw lessons from existing evidence on the impacts of family policies on women’s careers and children’s wellbeing. There is to date little or no evidence of beneficial effects of longer parental leave (or fathers’ quotas) on maternal participation and earnings. In most cases longer leave delays mothers’ return to work, without long-lasting consequences on their careers. More generous childcare funding instead encourages female participation whenever subsidized childcare replaces maternal childcare. Impacts on child development depend on counterfactual childcare arrangements and tend to be more beneficial for disadvantaged households. In-work benefits targeted to low-earners have clear positive impacts on lone mothers’ employment and negligible impacts on other groups. While most of this literature takes policy as exogenous, political economy aspects of policy adoption help understand the interplay between societal changes, family policies and gender equality.
CALCULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A RADIALLY ROTATING COOLANT PASSAGE

The three-dimensional flow field and heat transfer in a radially rotating coolant passage are studied numerically. The passage chosen has a square cross section with smooth isothermal walls of finite length. The axis of rotation is normal to the flow direction with the flow radially outward. The effects of Coriolis forces, centrifugal buoyancy, and fluid Reynolds number on the flow and heat transfer have all been considered. The analysis has been performed by using a fully elliptic, three-dimensional, body-fitted computational fluid dynamics code based on pressure correction techniques. The numerical technique employs a multigrid iterative solution procedure and the standard κ − e turbulence model for both the hydrodynamics and heat transfer. The effect of rotation is included by considering the governing equations of motion in a relative frame of reference that moves with the passage. The consequence of rotation is to bring higher velocity fluid from the core to the trailing surface, thereby increasing b.
Some observations of tip-vortex cavitation

Cavitation has been observed in the trailing vortex system of an elliptic planform hydrofoil. A complex dependence on Reynolds number and gas content is noted at inception. Some of the observations can be related to tension effects associated with the lack of sufficiently large-sized nuclei. Inception measurements are compared with estimates of pressure in the vortex obtained from LDV measurements of velocity within the vortex. It is concluded that a complete correlation is not possible without knowledge of the fluctuating levels of pressure in tip-vortex flows. When cavitation is fully developed, the observed tip-vortex trajectory shows a surprising lack of dependence on any of the physical parameters varied, such as angle of attack, Reynolds number, cavitation number, and dissolved gas content.
Influence of fabric weave type on the effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding woven fabric

The influence of fabric weave type on the shielding effectiveness (SE) of electromagnetic shielding fabric (ESF) is studied in this paper. Some representative samples with different weaves are manufactured to test the SE using the waveguide testing system. The SE of each sample is obtained at different frequencies of the emission resource. Experimental results show that the yarn float which causes the aperture change of metal fiber arrangement is the key influencing factor without changing other parameters of fabric. Then, a new theory that the SE of the ESF with different weave types is determined by the number of the yarn floats in a weave repeat that is proposed. An evaluation model of the SE for the ESF with any weave type is established. By further verification, the results show that the method is satisfied and can be a basis for the evaluation of SE of the ESF with different weave types when other structural parameters of the fabric are not changed. The variation revealed in this paper can provide a theoretical guidance for the design, production, and evaluation of the ESF.
The Effect of Quadruple Therapy with Polaprezinc or Bismuth on Gut Microbiota after Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Quadruple therapy with polaprezinc provided an alternative to Helicobacter pylori eradication; however, the effect on gut microbiota remains uncertain. This study aims to identify whether polaprezinc-containing quadruple therapy causes adverse microbiota effects among asymptomatic adults, compared with bismuth therapy. Methods: This was a randomized control trial. One hundred asymptomatic H. pylori-infected adults were randomly (1:1) assigned to two treatment groups (polaprezinc-containing therapy, PQT; or bismuth-containing therapy, BQT). Fecal samples were collected from subjects before and 4–8 weeks after therapy. Samples were sequenced for the V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: The relative abundance of the three dominant bacterial phyla (Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) accounted for more than 95% of each treatment group. The alpha diversity between eradications that succeeded and those that failed had no significant difference (p > 0.05). After successful eradication, the alpha diversity in the BQT group decreased in comparison with the baseline (p < 0.05). Subjects who were successfully eradicated by BQT showed considerably lower alpha diversity indices than those of the PQT at follow-up (p < 0.05). The abundance of Parasutterella in subjects who were successfully eradicated by PQT was four times greater than that of BQT (q < 0.05). Conclusion: A 14-day PQT may be superior to BQT in maintaining short-term gut microbiota homeostasis after H. pylori treatment. Our findings preliminarily provide evidence of the short-term impacts of the gut microbiota after PQT treatment of H. pylori infection.
A New Look at the Structure and Thermal Behavior of Polyvinylidene Fluoride–Camphor Mixtures

An experimental quasi-equilibrium phase diagram of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–camphor mixture is constructed using an original optical method. For the first time, it contains a boundary curve that describes the dependence of camphor solubility in the amorphous regions of PVDF on temperature. It is argued that this diagram cannot be considered a full analogue of the eutectic phase diagrams of two low-molar-mass crystalline substances. The phase diagram is used to interpret the polarized light hot-stage microscopy data on cooling the above mixtures from a homogeneous state to room temperature and scanning electron microscopy data on the morphology of capillary-porous bodies formed upon camphor removal. Based on our calorimetry and X-ray studies, we put in doubt the possibility of incongruent crystalline complex formation between PVDF and camphor previously suggested by Dasgupta et al. (Macromolecules 2005, 38, 5602–5608). We also describe and discuss the high-temperature crystalline structure of racemic camphor, which is not available in the modern literature.
Design, Structural Characteristic and Antibacterial Performance of Silver-Containing Cotton Fiber Nanocomposite

In the present study, cotton fiber was treated with phosphorus trichloride in the presence of oxygen. As a result of the subsequent hydrolysis of modified cotton fibers, phosphorus-containing fragments with acidic groups and chlorine atoms were introduced onto their surface. Afterward, silver-containing composites based on raw and modified cotton fibers were prepared using the chemical reduction method. The obtained samples were characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, as well as by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. A comparative bioassay experiment of four samples for gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, and the fungus Candida albicans was carried out. These results showed the predominant antibacterial activity of the phosphorylated sample and the composite based on it. Thus, the development of these antibacterial cotton fibers using readily available reagents under relatively mild conditions could be used as potential industrial applications for the production of everyday medical textiles.
Individual Identification of Panthera pardus saxicolor Using Non-Invasive Sampling and Molecular Techniques in Iran: A Case Study in Parvar Protected Area

Abstract. The Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) is an endangered species widely distributed across Iran. Rough estimates indicate 550–850 Persian leopard individuals inhabit the country, which comprises more than two thirds of its global population. Population monitoring of this large carnivore in Iran is one of the main objectives of current conservation planning. Therefore, adopting a more diversified methodology to achieve reliable, cost-effective, and pragmatic measures is urgently needed. We conducted a study for individual identification of the Persian leopard in Parvar Protected Area via fecal sampling and molecular tools and attempted to test the feasibility of this approach. We used 12 previously reported polymorphic microsatellite loci, of which only five were qualified for genotyping analysis. Finally, nine leopard individuals were identified. We measured the ability of the five loci in distinguishing individuals by P(ID)sib. The cumulative observed probability of identity and probability of identity for sibling individuals were estimated to be 0.005 and 0.05, respectively. Data presented on spatial distribution of leopards in this study could help better understand the behavioral ecology and conservation biology of the species. Moreover, our findings will assist future research in developing methodologies for large-scale studies and providing data for effective wildlife conservation.
Oscillations of a cloud of bubbles of small and not so small amplitude

The oscillations and sound emission of a bubble cloud containing a large number of bubbles in a liquid are studied. Averaged equations are used to describe the behavior of the mixture. Two analytical models are used to describe the behavior of the bubble contents. The oscillations of small amplitude are calculated analytically, those of not so small amplitude numerically. It is shown that the frequency spectrum is determined mainly by the total volume of gas in the cloud. The efficiency of sound emission is determined also by the magnitude of the individual bubbles. The frequency spectrum of the emitted sound has a peak at a frequency much lower than the eigenfrequency of the individual bubbles. At higher amplitudes of the oscillations, very high pressures occur at the center of the cloud that strongly limit the numerical calculations.
Psychological and behavioral responses to COVID-19

Background: There is epidemic fatigue due to the prolonged COVID-19-related restrictions. Some individuals seem to exercise fewer precautions recently in comparison to the onset of the pandemic. Aim: To assess psychological and behavioral responses to COVID-19 and media influences at fourth versus first wave. Design: Online cross-sectional survey. Methods: A total of 1005 participants were recruited using snowball sampling from nine Arab countries Egypt, Iraq, Algeria, Morocco, Palestine, Sudan, Kuwait, Syria and Libya through fourth wave of COVID-19. Five questionnaires were employed: General Information Questionnaire, Psychological and Behavioral Responses, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Health Belief Model (HBM) Construct and Media Exposure Questionnaire. Results: Most of participants reported low level of; psychological responses (86%), Corona disease anxiety (78.3%) and media exposure (84.6%). Although majority of participants (70%) indicated low barriers to adhere the preventive behavior, (37%) reported a lower compliance than the first wave and (35.6%) had low perceived susceptibility. There was statistically significant positive correlation between media exposure and health beliefs, psychological and behavioral responses to COVID-19, and Corona disease anxiety. Conclusion: The proper use of social media for information purposes is beneficial in shaping psychological and behavioral responses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Controllability of second‐order impulsive neutral functional differential inclusions in Banach spaces

In this paper, we shall prove the controllability of second‐order impulsive neutral functional differential inclusions with infinite delay in Banach spaces. The results are obtained by using the theory of strongly continuous cosine families and a fixed point theorem for multi‐valued mappings. As an example, we also consider an second‐order impulsive neutral functional differential equation with infinite delay. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient-Reported Outcome on Quality of Life and Pain after Revision Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aims to explore the quality of life (QOL) and pain after revision surgery for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) based on patients’ reported outcomes. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted and 137 valid responses were included (response rate 64.0%). A total of 42 patients underwent debridement with implant retention (DAIR), 31 underwent one-stage revision, and 64 underwent two-stage revision. The average overall SF-36 score was 70.3. The DAIR group had significantly higher SF-36 than the two-stage revision group (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between the one-stage revision group and the other two groups. A total of 74.5% of patients reported pain with an average McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) score of 8.6. There was no significant difference in the MPQ scores among the three groups. Simple linear regression analyses demonstrated that higher preoperative PMN%, VAS, and shorter hospital stay were associated with pain (adjusted R2 = 4%, p = 0.020; adjusted R2 = 2.1%, p = 0.048; adjusted R2 = 2.1%, p = 0.049; respectively). We concluded that the overall QOL of patients after revision surgery for PJI is generally satisfactory. Persistent pain is prevalent, but the severity was mostly mild. Preoperative PMN%, VAS, and hospital stay were associated with postoperative pain.
How Does the Water Conservation Function of Hulunbuir Forest–Steppe Ecotone Respond to Climate Change and Land Use Change?

The scarcity of water resources is becoming a global focus, and water conservation has become one of the most crucial service functions in the water security and sustainable development of ecosystems. Hulunbuir forest–steppe ecotone, as an important water conservation area in the northeastern provinces of China, plays an irreplaceable role in Northeastern China. However, the water yield and water conservation are rarely understood in the ecotone. In this study, the InVEST model was employed to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of water yield and water conservation from 2000 to 2020. Meanwhile, we explored the response of water conservation to climatic factors and human disturbance. The results demonstrated that water yield and water conservation presented a decreasing trend in the first decade and then increased. The land use transfer obvious from 2000 to 2010, and most vegetation types were converted into unused land. This transition intensified reduction of water conservation. The main factor affecting the water conservation was climate Precipitation had the greatest impact on water conservation. The findings of this study have great and important implications for regional sustainable water resource management and ecological protection policies and provide a convenient method for evaluating water conservation in other areas that are lacking climate, hydrology, and geological data.
The Rotation of Eigenvectors by a Perturbation. III

When a Hermitian linear operator is slightly perturbed, by how much can its invariant subspaces change? Given some approximations to a cluster of neighboring eigenvalues and to the corresponding eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix, and given an estimate for the gap that separates the cluster from all other eigenvalues, how much can the subspace spanned by the eigenvectors differ from the subspace spanned by our approximations? These questions are closely related; both are investigated here. The difference between the two subspaces is characterized in terms of certain angles through which one subspace must be rotated in order most directly to reach the other. These angles unify the treatment of natural geometric, operator-theoretic and error-analytic questions concerning those subspaces. Sharp bounds upon trigonometric functions of these angles are obtained from the gap and from bounds upon either the perturbation (1st question) or a computable residual (2nd question). An example is included.
Economic analysis of dairy production among small and medium scale farmers in Karnataka: A case study of Bengaluru district

A study on dairy production and processing by small and medium scale farmers was conducted in Bengaluru north. The survey showed that dairy production is characterized by low milk production as a result of the use of indigenous/local breeds of dairy cattle managed under pastoral production system. As influenced by urbanization there have been changes in the herd size around Bengaluru north. As agricultural lands pave way for non-farming uses, the land available for growing green fodder exclusively for dairy units which are relatively smaller in size with 2–5 animals per farmer, is shrinking. Even the cost of producing dairy products like milk varies from urban to rural areas. It is observed that the proportion of small dairy farmers was highest in all the three regions, viz. urban (72%), rural (63%) and transition (55%) areas of the Bengaluru north. This reveals that dairy was one of the major sources of livelihood for small farmers in the study area. Cost of labour was highest for all the groups of the dairy farmers in all the three regions followed by the cost of concentrates. The net revenue realized by all the three types of dairy units varied positively with herd size of the dairy farm. Thus, large sized dairy units availed the benefit of scale economies as income per cow was highest at ₹ 22,267, ₹ 23,837 and ₹ 24,870 in rural, transition and urban areas respectively. The net returns were found highest in crossbred cow followed by buffalo and local cow in all the three gradients of the study region.
High-Sensitivity Wireless Sensing Using Amorphous Magnetic Microwires

Glass-coated amorphous ferromagnetic microwires subjected to variations in mass loading and parallel wire arrays with 0.5–6-cm interwire spacing were found to deliver exceptional magnetomechanical and wireless giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) responses, in the kilohertz and microwave range, respectively. The microwires allow wireless quantification of microgram mass differences: the magnetomechanical resonance frequency measured in zero applied field demonstrates an approximately linear decrease of 3 Hz/ $\mu \text{g}$ , and a sensitivity response that is ten times greater than that reported for commercial METGLAS-type amorphous magnetic ribbons of comparable length. Microwave giant magnetoimpedance data collected from planar arrays of parallel microwires show either constructive or destructive interference when compared to data obtained from a single microwire. The exceptional responsiveness of the glass-coated amorphous ferromagnetic microwires to mass loading and to geometric arrangement, along with their small diameter and ease of fabrication, highlights their promise for a wide variety of sensor applications, including biosensing, civil infrastructure monitoring, and high-throughput remote detection schemes.