Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditory and visual hallucination prevalence in Parkinson ’ s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. Non-motor features of Parkinson ’ s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), such as auditory hallucinations (AH), contribute to disease burden but are not well understood. Methods. Systematic review and random-effects meta-analyses of studies reporting AH associated with PD or DLB. Prevalence of visual hallucinations (VH) in identified studies meeting eligibility criteria were included in meta-analyses, facilitating comparison with AH. Synthesis of qualitative descriptions of AH was performed. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus data-bases were searched for primary journal articles, written in English, published from 1970 to 2017. Studies reporting AH prevalence in PD or DLB were screened using PRISMA methods. Results. Searches identified 4542 unique studies for consideration, of which, 26 met inclusion criteria. AH pooled prevalence in PD was estimated to be 8.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3 – 14.5], while in DLB was estimated to be 30.8% (±23.4 to 39.3). Verbal hallucinations, perceived as originating outside the head, were the most common form of AH. Non-verbal AH were also common while musical AH were rare. VH were more prevalent, with an estimated pooled prevalence in PD of 28.2% (±19.1 to 39.5), while in DLB they were estimated to be 61.8% (±49.1 to 73.0). Meta-regression determined that the use of validated methodologies to identify hallucinations produced higher prevalence estimates. Conclusions. AH and VH present in a substantial proportion of PD and DLB cases, with VH reported more frequently in both conditions. Both AH and VH are more prevalent in DLB than PD. There is a need for standardised use of validated methods to detect and monitor hallucinations.
F-box protein CFK1 interacts with and destabilizes de novo DNA methyltransferase in 1 Arabidopsis 2

DNA methylation plays crucial roles in cellular development and stress responses through gene 44 regulation and genome stability control. Precise regulation of DOMAINS REARRANGED 45 METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 (DRM2), a key de novo Arabidopsis DNA methyltransferase, is 46 crucial to maintain DNA methylation homeostasis to ensure proper genome function. Compared 47 to the extensive studies on DRM2 targeting mechanisms, little is known regarding the quality 48 control of DRM2 itself. Here, we identified an E3 ligase, COP9 1 49 (CFK1), as a novel DRM2-interacting partner that targets DRM2 for degradation via the ubiquitin- 50 26S proteasome pathway. Loss-of-function CFK1 leads to increased DRM2 protein abundancy 51 and aberrant induction of CFK1 showed reduced DRM2 protein levels. Consistently, CFK1 52 overexpression induces genome-wide hypomethylation and transcriptional derepression at 53 specific DRM2 target loci. Collectively, this study uncovered a distinct regulatory mechanism 54 safeguarding de novo DNA methyltransferase by CFK1 to control DNA methylation homeostasis. protein CFK1 interacts with DRM2 in vitro and in vivo . CFK1 destabilizes DRM2 by directly 67 targeting DRM2 to ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway for degradation. Aberrant induction of 68 CFK1 leads to reduced DRM2 stability, and consequently induces genome-wide DNA 69 hypomethylation and transcriptional activation at DRM2 target loci. We revealed a novel 70 regulatory mechanism for DNA methylation homeostasis through CFK1-mediated degradation 71 of de novo DNA methyltransferase in plants.
University of Birmingham Enhancing innovative capabilities in lagging regions

Smart Specialisation (S3) is a place-based industrial strategy which forms the major component of the European Union’s 2020 Innovation policy (RIS3). Lagging regions, however, lack the technological capabilities and networks to fully participate and benefit from RIS3. Extra-regional collaboration offers lagging regions opportunities for technological upgrading to overcome this deficit. Using patent data for EU NUTS2 regions, we find extra-regional collaboration raises innovation in lagging regions, although collaborations based upon technological relatedness might be less effective, compared to advanced regions. This has implications for the design of policies to engender extra-regional collaboration and their alignment with RIS3 initiatives.
Effects of replacement of corn flour with different forms of Boscia senegalensis leaf meal on growth, feed efficiency and survival of Oreochromis niloticus FRY

This study investigated the effects of replacement of corn flour with different forms of Boscia senegalensis leaf meal on the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus . Five isonitrogenous (40% CP) and isolipidic (7% CL) were formulated to contain 7% corn flour meal and replace 18% corn flour meal with different forms of vaporized (M1), raw (M2), toasted (M3) and fermented (M4) Boscia senegalensis leaf meal. The control diet (M5) contained 25% corn flour meal without Boscia senegalensis leaf meal. Each aquarium (50L) stocked fifteen 0.4 g tilapia fry qas assigned randomly to one of the three replicates of five treatment diets. Fishes were fed three times a day (08:00 A.M, 13:00 P.M and 17:00 P.M) for 12 weeks. The feeding rate was 10 % of the biomass during the first two weeks, then reduced to 8 % for the second two weeks, further reduced to 6 % for the third two weeks and finally reduced to 4 % for the last two weeks. The weight gain percentage of fish fed with diet containg toasted leaf meal is significantly higher than that of fish fed control diet. However, the weight gain percentage of fish fed with different types of leaf meal showed no significant difference.
TOLERANCE TO GLYPHOSATE IN BROADLEAF BUTTONWEED AND WHITE-EYE

Infesting species of Rubiaceae family have great importance in soybean crops in Southwest of Paraná and North of Santa Catarina, especially due to the selection of tolerant populations caused by the pressure of selection exerted by intensive use of glyphosate. The study aimed to evaluate the levels of tolerance to glyphosate in biotypes of broadleaf buttonweed (Borreria latifolia) (BL) and whiteeye (Richardia brasiliensis) (RB) by means of dose-response curves. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in completely randomized design (CRD), with four replications. Fourteen BL biotypes and eleven RB biotypes were evaluated, collected in soybean fields of Paraná and Santa Catarina. The doses of glyphosate were 0, 74, 163, 360, 792 and 1,742 g ha-1, applied when the plants had 6 to 8 leaves. Visual control was evaluated at 14 and 28 days after application (DAA), as well as mass of green shoots and mass of dry shoots at 28 DAA. It was verified that there is response variability among the biotypes studied. BL biotypes 277, 283 and 300, and RB biotypes 283, 285 and Papanduva were not controlled with glyphosate at doses superior to those normally used in crops (720 g ha-1), indicating selection by the recurrent use of glyphosate. The tolerance factors ranged from 1.1 to 4.1 and 2.8 to 8.1 for RB and BL, respectively. The greatest difficulties of control were reported in areas where RR technology had been adopted for more than six years.
FARMERS' PREFERENCE FOR ONION VARIETIES AND IMPLICATIONS OF KNOWLEDGE OF IRIS YELLOW SPOT DISEASE IN KENYA

Thrip transmitted Iris yellow spot disease (IYSD) is an economically important viral disease, affecting bulb onions worldwide. Recommended IYSD resistant varieties are not commonly grown in countries like Kenya, yet inappropriate disease control measures are applied upon disease occurrence in the fields. This is presumably due to lack of knowledge on the disease and/or recommended varieties do not match farmers’ preferred traits. The objective of this study was to assess farmers’ knowledge of IYSD and their criteria for selecting onion varieties for/against IYSD in Kenya. A study was conducted with 360 respondents across three onion growing agro-ecological zones (AEZ) in Kenya, during 2019-2020. Farmers’ fields were assessed for IYSD incidence and severity. All farmers acknowledged the existence of IYSD based on diseased plants in the field. However, majority of the farmers (95.6%) were not aware of the cause of the disease. Onion thrips and IYSD susceptible red onion varieties were the most preferred (77.9%) by farmers. Preference for these varieties was based on their high yielding capacity, early maturity, strong pungency, marketability and long shelf life. Most farmers (59.8%) relied on fungicides to control IYSD, though ineffectively. Lack of appropriate management strategies for IYSD was due to lack of knowledge on the disease diagnosis, epidemiology as well as cultivation of IYSD susceptible red varieties. R.K. BIRITHIA et al . 230 interrogées dans trois zones agroécologiques (AEZ) de culture d’oignon au Kenya, au cours de la période 2019-2020. Les agriculteurs ont été sélectionnés au hasard et leurs champs ont été évalués pour l’incidence et la gravité de l’IYSD. Tous les agriculteurs enquêtés ont reconnu l’existence de l’IYSD sur la base des plantes malades qui leur ont été montrées sur le terrain. Cependant, la majorité des agriculteurs (95,6%) ne connaissaient pas la cause de la maladie. Les thrips de l’oignon et les variétés d’oignon rouge sensibles à l’IYSD étaient les plus appréciées (77,9%) par les agriculteurs. La préférence pour ces variétés était basée sur leur capacité de rendement élevée, leur maturité précoce, leur fort piquant, leur aptitude à la commercialisation et leur longue durée de conservation. La plupart des agriculteurs (59,8%) se sont appuyés sur des fongicides pour lutter contre l’IYSD, bien que de manière inefficace. Le manque de stratégies de gestion appropriées pour l’IYSD était dû au manque de connaissances sur le diagnostic de la maladie, l’épidémiologie ainsi que la culture de variétés rouges sensibles à l’IYSD.
Modeling and Control of Combustion Phasing in Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Engines

Dual-fuel engines can achieve high efficiencies and low emissions but also can encounter high cylinder-to-cylinder variations on multicylinder engines. In order to avoid these variations, they require a more complex method for combustion phasing control such as model-based control. Since the combustion process in these engines is complex, typical models of the system are complex as well and there is a need for simpler, computationally efficient, control-oriented models of the dual-fuel combustion process. In this paper, a mean-value combustion phasing model is designed and calibrated, and two control strategies are proposed. Combustion phasing is predicted using a knock integral model (KIM), burn duration (BD) model, and a Wiebe function, and this model is used in both an adaptive closed loop controller and an open loop controller. These two control methodologies are tested and compared in simulations. Both control strategies are able to reach steady-state in five cycles after a transient and have steady-state errors in CA50 that are less than ±0.1 CA deg (CAD) with the adaptive control strategy and less than ±1.5 CAD with the model-based feedforward control method.
Biotechnology, physiologyand genetics of the yeastPichiaanomala

The ascomycetous yeast Pichia anomala is frequently associated with food and feed products, either as a production organism or as a spoilage yeast. It belongs to the non Saccharomyces wine yeasts and contributes to the wine aroma by the production of volatile compounds. The ability to grow in preserved food and feed environments is due to its capacity to grow under low pH, high osmotic pressure and low oxygen tension. A new application of P. anomala is its use as a biocontrol agent, which is based on the potential to inhibit a variety of moulds in different environments. Although classiﬁed as a biosafety class-1 organism, cases of P. anomala infections have been reported in immunocompromised patients. On the other hand, P. anomala killer toxins have a potential as antimicrobial agents. The yeast can use a broad range of nitrogen and phosphor sources, which makes it a potential agent to decrease environmental pollution by organic residues from agriculture. However, present knowledge of the physiological basis of its perfor-mance is limited. Recently, the ﬁrst studies have been published dealing with the global regulation of the metabolism of P. anomala under different conditions of oxygenation.
Assessing the relationship between public spending and economic growth through an endogenous growth

49 Public spending is a part of the fiscal policy and one of the government’s main tools to implement its economic 50 policy. With government spending still on the rise in many economies, and the different economic growth levels, 51 especially in low and middle economies, the debate on whether government spending has a positive, negative or 52 neutral impact on economic growth is still raging nowadays. So, in this analysis, we attempt to contribute to this 53 issue by shedding light on this relationship in the case of low, middle, and high-income countries. In so doing, we 54 extend the previous work of Devarajan et al. (1996) and Chu et al. (2020) by considering the nonlinear relationship 55 between disaggregated public spending and economic growth. We also pay attention to the role of public spending 56 on environmental protection, political stability, control of corruption, and the 2008 financial crisis, on economic 57 growth. To reach our objectives, we examine 13 high-income countries and 22 low to middle-income countries for 58 the period 1993-2018 through four estimations techniques: the fixed-effects approach; the pooled standard errors 59 Driscoll-Kraay (1998), the panel feasible generalized least squares, and the difference GMM with orthogonal 60 deviations. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
(cid:1) -Glutamylcysteine Synthetase Mediates the c-Myc-Dependent Response to Antineoplastic Agents in Melanoma Cells □ S

This study aims to investigate the role of (cid:1) -glutamylcysteine synthetase ( (cid:1) -GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in the c-Myc-dependent response to antineo- plastic agents. We found that specific c-Myc inhibition depleted cells of GSH by directly reducing the gene expression of both heavy and light subunits of the (cid:1) -GCS enzyme and increased their susceptibility to antineoplastic drugs with different mech- anisms of action, such as cisplatin (CDDP), staurosporine (STR), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The effect caused by c-Myc inhibition on CDDP and STR response, but not to 5-FU treatment, is directly linked to the impairment of the (cid:1) -GCS expression, because up-regulation of (cid:1) -GCS reverted drug sensitivity, whereas the interference of GSH synthesis increased drug susceptibility as much as after c-Myc down-regulation. The role of (cid:1) -GCS in the c-Myc-directed drug response depends on the capacity of drugs to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Indeed, although 5-FU exposure did not induce any ROS, CDDP- and STR-induced oxidative stress enhanced the recruitment of c-Myc on both (cid:1) -GCS promoters, thus stimulating GSH neosynthesis and allowing cells to recover from ROS- induced drug damage. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the (cid:1) - GCS gene is the downstream target of c-Myc onco-protein, driving the response to ROS-inducing drugs.
Living arrangements and psychological well-being of the elderly after the economic transition in Vietnam

Objectives: We examine the relationship between living arrangements and psychological well-being of the older adults in Vietnam, where there is an influence of Confucian values and a lack of close substitutes for family care of the older adults, by exploiting a great deal of regional variation in economic development. We also examine the role of living arrangements in well-being differentials across regions. Method: We estimate a triangular simultaneous-equation discrete-response model, which accounts for the simultaneity between living arrangements and psychological well-being (happiness, depression, loneliness, poor appetite, and sleep disorder), using a nationally representative sample of 2,225 adults aged 60 and older drawn from the 2011 Vietnam Aging Survey. Results: Intergenerational coresidence significantly increases the psychological wellbeing of the older adults in Vietnam. The results are fairly robust, even after taking quasicoresidence into account, decomposing the psychological well-being index into each affect and symptom, and splitting the sample by gender. Discussion: Changes in living arrangements induced by differences in labor market opportunities in neighboring regions have resulted in significant differences in psychological well-being among the older adults. The findings point to the need for attention to the mental health of elderly parents left behind in less economically developed regions.
Inﬂuence of Reynolds number and forcing type in a turbulent von Karman ﬂow

We present a detailed study of of a global bifurcation occuring in a turbulent von K´arm´an swirling ﬂow. In this system, the statistically steady states progressively display hysteretic behaviour when the Reynolds number is increased above the transition to turbulence. We examine in detail this hysteresis using asymmetric forcing conditions — rotating the impellers at diﬀerent speeds. For very high Reynolds numbers, we study the sensitivity of the hysteresis cycle — using complementary Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and global mechanical measurements — to the forcing nature, imposing either the torque or the speed of the impellers. New mean states, displaying multiple quasi-steady states and negative diﬀerential responses, are experimentally observed in torque control. A simple analogy with electrical circuits is performed to understand the link between multi-stability and negative responses. The system is compared to other, similar “bulk” systems, to understand some relevant ingredients of negative diﬀerential responses, and studied in the framework of thermodynamics of long-range interacting systems. The experimental results are eventually compared to the related problem of Rayleigh-B´enard turbulence.
Neurocognitive Dysfunctions in Iron Deficiency Patients Neurocognitive Dysfunctions in Iron Deficiency Patients

In this chapter, the authors described the actuality of the investigations of neurocog- nitive dysfunctions in patients with iron deficiency. In infants, the incidence of iron deficiency is 73%; the probability of its transition to iron deficiency anemia is very high. The development of myelin at an early age reduces the production of myelin, and the formation of g-aminobutyric acid worsens the metabolism of dopamine in the striatal brain, which leads to slowing of motor function and behavioral problems in the child. Children with iron deficiency conditions are prone to developmental delays, reduced school performance, and behavioral disorders. In older adults, cognitive dys functions depend on complications of the vascular nature, complicated by comorbid iron deficiency. Concomitant pathology also influences iron homeostasis. The regulat ing mechanisms of iron deficiency, as the same cognitive deficiency, despite the age involve more than 200 proteins from iron homeostasis, appropriate cofactors: deriva tives of vitamin B, copper, manganese, zinc ions, enzymes, cell growth factors, etc. All these partners could influence separately or together to the development of iron deficiency and a complication of it neurocognitive dysfunctions. The combination of iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency with comorbid pathology often exacerbates cognitive problems and requires a weighted approach to the choice of therapeutic cor - rection tactics. followed from infancy and were similar in background characteristics. The duration of each waking episode was measured, as was the duration of each episode of no rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages 1 (NREM1), 2 (NREM2), and 3–4 (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The data were analyzed according to the successive thirds of the total sleep time (TST). Relative to controls, former IDA children showed: (a) longer duration of REM sleep episodes in the first third and shorter in the last third, (b) more REM sleep episodes in the first third and fewer in the second third, and (c) shorter latency to the first REM sleep episode and shorter NREM stage 2 and SWS episodes within the first sleep cycle. The results show that early IDA is associated with long-lasting alterations in the temporal organization of sleep patterns [97 , 98 ]. 1.8 gestation), EPO, and it did not differ from indices in the group of full-term infants on 10th day. The concentration of serum EPO in preterm infants with 27–31 weeks 6 days of gestation increases on the 1st, decreases on 10th day after birth as gestational age decreasing, and the total Apgar score reduces [168 ].
Firm Dynamics with Subjective Beliefs PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE: DO NOT CIRCULATE

A key question regarding firms’ performance is how their perceptions and beliefs about the future impact their behavior. I use novel data on US firms’ subjective beliefs to study whether they exhibit overoptimism (i.e. their expectations exceed rational forecasts) and overconfidence (i.e. they underestimate the variance across potential outcomes) in their perceptions of future sales growth. I document that US firms are overoptimistic, overestimating future sales growth by 2 to 5 percentage points, and also overconfident, underestimating the uncertainty about future sales by about 70 percent. I then study the quantitative implications of distorted subjective beliefs in a model of firm dynamics with investment subject to rich adjustment costs, and calibrate the model to match the degree of overconfidence and overoptimism observed in the data. Overoptimistic firms in the model expect better conditions in the future, leading them to have lower exit rates and lower profitability on average; by contrast, overconfident firms perceive less uncertainty about the future, leading them to exit quickly in the face of bad shocks and to grow disproportionately large in the face of good ones. Preliminary quantitative results also suggest that overconfidence rather than overoptimism is the more significant of the two distortions in terms of its effects on firm dynamics. ∗Stanford University, barreroj@stanford.edu. I thank Nick Bloom, Monika Piazzesi, and Chis Tonetti for their invaluable guidance and advice with this project. I also thank Steve Davis and various seminar participants at Stanford’s Macro Lunch Workshop and in Nick Bloom’s reading group for helpful comments. I’m also grateful with Michael Bryan, Brent Meyer, and Nicholas Parker at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta for their help with the data from the Decision Maker Survey. Financial support from the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation via the Kauffman Dissertation Fellowship is gratefully acknowledged. All errors are my own. This research was partially funded by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of Jose Maria Barrero.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3 (cid:2) Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication In Vivo†

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice expressing rat hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (cid:1) (HNF3 (cid:1) ) were generated by breeding HBV transgenic mice with transgenic mice that constitutively overexpress the rat HNF3 (cid:1) polypeptide in the liver. HBV 3.5-, 2.4- and 2.1-kb transcripts were reduced 2- to 4-fold in these mice relative to the HBV transgenic mouse controls. In contrast, the abundance of viral replication intermediates was profoundly reduced in HBV transgenic mice by overexpression of HNF3 (cid:1) . This results, in part, from the preferential reduction in the level of the pregenomic 3.5-kb RNA relative to the precore 3.5-kb RNA. Therefore, it is apparent that increased expression of HNF3 (cid:1) modestly reduces viral transcription and dramatically inhibits replication in vivo in the HBV transgenic mouse. This suggests that altering the activity of this transcription factor in vivo in chronic HBV carriers might be therapeutically beneﬁcial. The