Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnoecology of paddy-fish integrative farming (minapadi) in Lampegan Village, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Fatimah IN, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R. 2020. Ethnoecology of paddy-fish integrative farming (minapadi) in Lampegan Village, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4419-4432. In the past, the traditional paddy-fish integrative farming (minapadi) was predominantly undertaken by rice farmers in West Java, particularly in the water abundant areas. Currently, however, the practice of the rice-fish system has been dramatically reduced due to the Green Revolution programs, including water pollution that may have affected fish farming in paddy fields. Although the rice-fish systems have rarely been practiced in West Java villages, some farmer groups of Lampegan Village, Ibun Sub-district, Bandung District are still practicing the rice-fish farming system. The purpose of this study is to collect and document the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of Lampegan Village about the rice-fish system farming managements, including data on various fish species that are widely cultivated in the community, cultural practices of the rice-fish farming management, and benefits of the rice-fish farming system. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used, with an ethnoecological approach. Techniques of data collection, such as observation, semi-structured interviews, or deep interviews, and structured interviews were employed in this study. The results of the study show that the farmers of the rice-fish farming in Lampegan Village, Bandung District own rich and deep knowledge of fish species and practice of the minapadi system. The TEK of the rice-fish farming management system has been inherited from ancestors and is mixed with western scientific knowledge. The rice-fish farming systems have provided some ecological and socio-economic benefits for village people.
Hydrodynamic forces on a clean spherical bubble translating in a wall-bounded linear shear flow

The three-dimensional flow around a spherical clean bubble translating steadily in a wall-bounded linear shear flow is studied numerically. The present work is concerned with the drag and lift forces experienced by the bubble over a wide range of Reynolds number (0.1 ≤ Re ≤ 103, Re being based on the bubble diameter and relative velocity with respect to the ambient fluid), wall distance (1.5 ≤ LR ≤ 8, LR being the distance from the bubble center to the wall normalized by the bubble radius), and relative shear rate (−0.5 ≤ Sr ≤ 0.5, Sr being the ratio between the velocity difference across the bubble and the relative velocity). Based on the above range of parameters, situations where the bubble is repelled from or attracted to the wall are both covered. The flow structure and vorticity field are analyzed to obtain qualitative insight into the interaction mechanisms at work. The drag and lift forces are computed as well. Their variations agree well with theoretical predictions available in the limit of low-but-finite Reynolds number and, when the fluid is at rest, in the potential flow limit. Numerical results and analytical expressions are combined to provide accurate semi-empirical expressions for the drag and lift forces at arbitrary Reynolds number and separation distance.
Studies on Fructan Accumulation in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) : II. Changes in degree of polymerization of fructan under treatment at 1°C in dark

This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between fructan accumulation and snow tolerance by estimating the changes in degree of polymerization (DP) and concentration of fructan under treatment at 1°C in dark to mimic the conditions under snow using 3 varieties of differing wintering ability sown at optimum and late times. (1) The concentration of fructan before the cold-dark treatment in the winter hardy variety and the plants sown at optimum time was higher than the non-hardy variety and those sown late. The concentration of mono- and disaccharides in the plants sown at the optimum time was higher than those sown late, but there was no relationship between the concentration of mono- and disaccharides and wintering ability. Hardy variety contained a greater amount of long-chain fructan (DP≥9) than the non-hardy variety. The concentration of short-chain fructan (DP≤8) in the hardy variety sown late was higher than that of the non-hardy variety, but a varietal difference of this fraction was not detected in the plants sown at the optimum time. Increasing the polymerization of fructan by increasing the concentration of whole fructan is considered to be important to promote the wintering ability. (2) Treatment at 1°C in the dark was conducted to mimic the conditions under snow. The fructan decrease in the hardy variety and the plants sown at optimum time was rapid and large in the early stage of the cold-dark treatment. The decrease in long-chain fructan was greater in the hardy variety than in the non-hardy variety. The decrease in short-chain fructan was greater in the non-hardy variety sown at the optimum time and the hardy variety sown late than in the hardy and non-hardy varieties, respectively. The rate of decrease in fructan was inversely related to wintering ability. Accordingly, fructan decreased slower in the hardy variety accumulating a smaller amount of fructan than in the non-hardy variety with larger amount of fructan. These results suggest that both the fructan accumulation at early winter and the metabolism under snow affect the decrease of fructan under snow.
Effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration technique on push-out bond strength of MTA and Biodentine

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the intracanal medicaments used in regenerative endodontic treatment on push-out bond strength (PBS) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine (BD). The root canals of 102 maxillary incisors were enlarged to simulate immature roots and were randomly divided into three groups (n = 34): a control group (no intracanal medicament) and two test groups, subjected to calcium hydroxide (CH) or triple antibiotic paste (TAP) medication for two weeks. After the medication removal, each group was divided in two subgroups and the coronal portion of each canal was filled with MTA or BD. After one week of storage, the coronal region of each root was horizontally sectioned and push-out test was performed. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test (P = 0.05). PBS values were significantly affected by the type of material (P < 0.001) and the type of medication used (P = 0.049), but no interaction was found (P = 0.97). The BD group showed significantly higher push-out resistance values than those of the MTA group (P < 0.001). TAP showed the lowest PBS values, which were significantly lower than those of the control group (P = 0.043) but not than those of CH (P = 0.229). After a two-week application period, TAP seemed to decrease the PBS of both cements, while CH did not. BD appeared to have higher PBS compared to MTA, regardless of medication.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Aphelenchoides besseyi and A. fujianensis (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from rice and forage grass seeds in Brazil

Morphologically similar Aphelenchoides spp. populations extracted from rice and forage grass seeds from different geographical regions in Brazil were morphologically and molecularly characterised. Overall, the populations studied separated into two groups based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, referred to herein as ‘Group-rice’ and ‘Group-forage’. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of SSU, LSU and mtCOI regions strongly supported the presence of two dichotomous groups with Group-rice and Group-forage populations genetically similar to A. besseyi and A. fujianensis , respectively. This study reports the presence of a morphologically similar species to A. besseyi associated with seeds of grasses, but genetically distinct based on three genomic regions, which our results strongly suggest to be A. fujianensis , this being a new geographical record for Brazil. Additional information regarding spicule morphology of male A. besseyi is also reported.
Endogenous amino acid losses (EAAL) in growing pigs influence on methodology and factors are affecting – A Review

Endogenous amino acid losses (EAAL) in growing piglets are affected by dietary supplementation of ingredients and feed stuffs are observed. In early age of pigs the feeding practices with environmental factors are highly affected on endogenous losses. There are numerous techniques are used to determined actual value of endogenous amino acid production and losses. The nitrogen free diet (NFD), regression, homoarginine, enzyme hydrolyzed casein (EHC) and 15N-isotopes techniques are used to evaluate the endogenous nitrogen losses, but all consequences were little bit adverse so still all methods are not uniform. Whereas methods, but there are several factors are affecting on EAAL in pigs. These factors are including methodological, environmental, feeding and sample collecting in animals. Dietary feed stuff sources are major contributions in endogenous losses such as dry mater intake (DMI), dietary protein, fibers, bacterial microflora and other anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) are increases EAAL. The present review highlights the EAAL by various techniques, factors and procedures to apply for collecting ileal digest and accurate measurement of endogenous losses. There are numerous procedures to collect samples from pigs, by ileorectal anastomosis, slaughter technique, reentrant canulas, simple T canulas, and post valve T caecum canulas. The criticism of in this review, it’s discussed all aspects briefly in young pigs which are affecting on EAAL.
The Risk and Strategies of Potato Production in Garut, Indonesia

The fluctuation of potato production has been caused by production risk in on-farm sector. This research aims to identify the sources of production risk in potato production and analyze the strategies to overcome the production risk. This research was conducted at Cantigi Farmers’ Group, which has been actively producing potato in Cikajang Sub-district, Garut Regency, West Java. The data were collected from all 35 members of the Cantigi Farmers’ Group. This study used Z-Score and Value at Risk analyses. The results showed that the sources of potato production risk that occurred in the Cantigi Farmers’ Group were pests, diseases, rainfall, seed quality, managerial ability and soil fertility. Mitigation strategies can be used to overcome the risk sources such as by using intercropping method, plant-based pesticides, natural enemies, proper water management and drainage. Preventive strategies can be used to overcome the risk sources such as by using plant-based pesticides, organic fertilizers, assistance from local extension agents, in collaboration with certified seed breeders in the surrounding area and attending the training of how to breed properly. The research on potato production risk in Cikajang Sub-district is very significant considering that, to the best of authors’ knowledge, the analysis of potato production risks has not been conducted yet in this important area of potato producing. This study was conducted in a limited scope of variable, therefore, a further research of potato production risks is suggested to be performed in a wider variable scope.
Hydrochemical interactions in dilute phoretic suspensions: From individual particle properties to collective organization

Janus phoretic colloids (JPs) self-propel as a result of self-generated chemical gradients and exhibit spontaneous nontrivial dynamics within phoretic suspensions, on length scales much larger than the microscopic swimmer size. Such collective dynamics arise from the competition of (i) the self-propulsion velocity of the particles, (ii) the attractive/repulsive chemically-mediated interactions between particles and (iii) the flow disturbance they introduce in the surrounding medium. These three ingredients are directly determined by the shape and physico-chemical properties of the colloids' surface. Owing to such link, we adapt a recent and popular kinetic model for dilute suspensions of chemically-active JPs where the particles' far-field hydrodynamic and chemical signatures are intrinsically linked and explicitly determined by the design properties. Using linear stability analysis, we show that self-propulsion can induce a wave-selective mechanism for certain particles' configurations consistent with experimental observations. Numerical simulations of the complete kinetic model are further performed to analyze the relative importance of chemical and hydrodynamic interactions in the nonlinear dynamics. Our results show that regular patterns in the particle density are promoted by chemical signaling but prevented by the strong fluid flows generated collectively by the polarized particles, regardless of their chemotactic or antichemotactic nature (i.e. for both puller and pusher swimmers).
H i scale height in spiral galaxies

We model the galactic discs of seven nearby large spiral galaxies as three-component systems consist of stars, molecular gas, and atomic gas in vertical hydrostatic equilibrium. We set up the corresponding joint Poisson-Boltzmann equation and solve it numerically to estimate the three-dimensional distribution of HI in these galaxies. While solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, we do not consider a constant HI velocity dispersion ($\sigma_{\rm HI}$); rather, we develop an iterative method to self-consistently estimate the $\sigma_{\rm HI}$ profile in a galaxy by using the observed second-moment profile of the HI spectral cube. Using the density solutions, we determine the HI vertical scale height in our galaxies. We find that the HI discs flare in a linear fashion as a function of radius. HI scale height in our galaxies is found to vary between a few hundred parsecs at the center to $\sim 1-2$ kpc at the outskirts. We estimate the axial ratio of the HI discs in our sample galaxies and find a median ratio of 0.1, which is much lower than what is found for dwarf galaxies, indicating much thinner HI discs in spiral galaxies. Very low axial ratios in three of our sample galaxies (NGC 5055, NGC 6946, and NGC 7331) suggest them to be potential superthin galaxies. Using the HI distribution and the HI hole sizes in NGC 6946, we find that most of the HI holes in this galaxy are broken out into the circumgalactic medium and this breaking out is more effective in the inner radii as compared to the outer radii.
Lux Ex Tenebris: The Imprint of Annihilating Dark Matter on the Intergalactic Medium during Cosmic Dawn

Upcoming measurements of the highly redshifted 21 cm line with next-generation radio telescopes such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) and Square Kilometer Array will provide the intriguing opportunity to probe dark matter (DM) physics during the Epoch of Reionization, Cosmic Dawn, and the Dark Ages. With HERA already under construction, there is a pressing need to thoroughly understand the impact of DM physics on the intergalactic medium (IGM) during these epochs. We present first results of a hydrodynamic simulation suite with 2 × 5123 particles in a (100 h−1 Mpc)3 box with DM annihilation and baryonic cooling physics. We focus on redshift z ∼ 11, just before reionization starts in our simulations, and discuss the imprint of DM annihilation on the IGM and on structure formation. We find that whereas structure formation is not affected by thermal weakly interacting massive particles heavier than mχ ≳ 100 MeV, heating from (GeV) DM particles may leave a significant imprint on the IGM that alters the 21 cm signal. Cold gas in low-density regions is particularly susceptible to the effects of DM heating. We note, however, that delayed energy deposition is not currently accounted for in our simulations.
Dispersal distance, home-range size and population density in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes): a quantitative analysis

(1) Fox capture-mark-recapture studies were reviewed to obtain standardized information on straight-line recovery and dispersal distances. The term recovery distance is used to include all recoveries, but dispersal distance only includes those animals known to have dispersed from their natal range. Data on fox home-range size and population density from these studies are also summarized. (2) The relationship between fox home-range size and population density was investigated, and a regression equation with an inverse relationship was considered to be the most realistic to explain the observed data. (3) Distance moved was correlated positively with home-range size and negatively with population density. Regression equations relating the mean distance moved by male and female foxes to home-range size are presented. (4) The distributions of observed fox recovery distances were examined and modelled. Most distributions showed that the majority of foxes do not move far, but that a small proportion move much greater distances. (5) The relationships between fox population density, home-range size and dispersal and recovery distance are discussed, as is the application of the quantitative relationships to spatial models of fox and fox/rabies population dynamics.
Effects of surface topography on low Reynolds number droplet/bubble flow through a constricted passage

This paper is an attempt to study the effects of surface topography on the flow of a droplet (or a bubble) in a low Reynolds number flow regime. Multiphase flows through a constricted passage find many interesting applications in chemistry and biology. The main parameters which determine the flow properties such as flow rate and pressure drop, and govern the complex multiphase phenomena such as drop coalescence, break-up and snap-off in a straight channel flow are the viscosity ratio, droplet size and ratio of the viscous forces to the surface tension forces (denoted by Capillary number). But in flow through a constricted passage, in addition to the above-mentioned parameters, various other geometric parameters such as constriction ratio, length and shape of the constriction, phase angle, and spacing between the constrictions also start playing an important role. Most of the studies done on the problem of drop flow through a constricted passage have aimed to understand the role of physical parameters, with some studies extending their analysis to understand the variation of one or two geometric parameters. But no study could be found which explicitly evaluates the role of surface topography. An attempt has been made to unify the current literature as well as analyze the effect of the geometric parameters by understanding the physics and mechanisms involved. The non-dimensional numbers which govern this problem are then identified using the scaling analysis.
Longtime asymptotics of the two-dimensional parabolic Anderson model with white-noise potential

We consider the parabolic Anderson model (PAM) $\partial_t u = \frac12 \Delta u + \xi u$ in $\mathbb R^2$ with a Gaussian (space) white-noise potential $\xi$. We prove that the almost-sure large-time asymptotic behaviour of the total mass at time $t$, written $U(t)$, is given by $\log U(t)\sim \chi t \log t$, with the deterministic constant $\chi$ identified in terms of a variational formula. In earlier work of one of the authors this constant was used to describe the asymptotic behaviour principal Dirichlet of the eigenvalue $\boldsymbol \lambda_1(Q_t)$ of the Anderson operator on the box $Q_t= [-\frac{t}{2},\frac{t}{2}]^2$ by $\boldsymbol \lambda_1(Q_t)\sim\chi\log t$.
Uniform convergence of an upwind discontinuous Galerkin method for solving scaled discrete-ordinate radiative transfer equations with isotropic scattering kernel

We present an error analysis for the discontinuous Galerkin method applied to the discrete-ordinate discretization of the steady-state radiative transfer equation. Under some mild assumptions, we show that the DG method converges uniformly with respect to a scaling parameter $\varepsilon$ which characterizes the strength of scattering in the system. However, the rate is not optimal and can be polluted by the presence of boundary layers. In one-dimensional slab geometries, we demonstrate optimal convergence when boundary layers are not present and analyze a simple strategy for balance interior and boundary layer errors. Some numerical tests are also provided in this reduced setting.
Local master equations bypass the secular approximation

Master equations are a vital tool to model heat flow through nanoscale thermodynamic systems. Most practical devices are made up of interacting sub-system, and are often modelled using either local master equations (LMEs) or global master equations (GMEs). While the limiting cases in which either the LME or the GME breaks down are well understood, there exists a 'grey area' in which both equations capture steady-state heat currents reliably, but predict very different transient heat flows. In such cases, which one should we trust? Here, we show that, when it comes to dynamics, the local approach can be more reliable than the global one for weakly interacting open quantum systems. This is due to the fact that the secular approximation, which underpins the GME, can destroy key dynamical features. To illustrate this, we consider a minimal transport setup and show that its LME displays exceptional points (EPs). These singularities have been observed in a superconducting-circuit realisation of the model \cite{partanen2019exceptional}. However, in stark contrast to experimental evidence, no EPs appear within the global approach. We then show that the EPs are a feature built into the Redfield equation, which is more accurate than the LME and the GME. Finally, we show that the local approach emerges as the weak-interaction limit of the Redfield equation, and that it entirely avoids the secular approximation.
Feedback-type thermoelectric effect in correlated solids

Thermoelectric effect using a Maxwell's demon-like feedback mechanism is proposed. A specific model for the thermoelectric effect in solid is formulated in the framework of stochastic thermodynamics and the response to the electric field and temperature gradient is calculated. The results show that relatively high $ZT$ can be achieved within a range of realistic parameters.
Stability constrained characterization of multiplanet systems

Many discovered multiplanet systems are tightly packed. This implies that wide parameter ranges in masses and orbital elements can be dynamically unstable and ruled out. We present a case study of Kepler-23, a compact three-planet system where constraints from stability, transit timing variations (TTVs), and transit durations can be directly compared. We find that in this tightly packed system, stability can place upper limits on the masses and orbital eccentricities of the bodies that are comparable to or tighter than current state of the art methods. Specifically, stability places 68% upper limits on the orbital eccentricities of 0.09, 0.04, and 0.05 for planets $b$, $c$ and $d$, respectively. These constraints correspond to radial velocity signals $\lesssim 20$ cm/s, are significantly tighter to those from transit durations, and comparable to those from TTVs. Stability also yields 68% upper limits on the masses of planets $b$, $c$ and $d$ of 2.2, 16.1, and 5.8 $M_\oplus$, respectively, which were competitive with TTV constraints for the inner and outer planets. Performing this stability constrained characterization is computationally expensive with N-body integrations. We show that SPOCK, the Stability of Planetary Orbital Configurations Klassifier (Tamayo et al., 2020) is able to faithfully approximate the N-body results over 4000 times faster. We argue that such stability constrained characterization of compact systems is a challenging "needle-in-a-haystack" problem (requiring removal of 2500 unstable configurations for every stable one for our adopted priors) and we offer several practical recommendations for such stability analyses.