Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nature of supernovae 2010O and 2010P in Arp 299 - I. Near-infrared and optical evolution

We present near-infrared and optical photometry, plus optical spectroscopy of two stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe) 2010O and 2010P that exploded in two different components of an interacting luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) Arp 299 within only a few days of one another. SN 2010O is found to be photometrically and spectroscopically similar to many normal Type Ib SNe and our multiwavelength observations of SN 2010P suggest it to be a Type IIb SN. No signs of clear hydrogen features or interaction with the circumstellar medium are evident in the optical spectrum of SN 2010P. We derive estimates for the host galaxy line-of-sight extinctions for both SNe, based on both light-curve and spectroscopic comparison finding consistent results. These methods are also found to provide much more robust estimates of the SN host galaxy reddening than the commonly used empirical relations between extinction and equivalent width of Nai D absorption features. The SN observations also suggest that different extinction laws are present in different components of Arp 299. For completeness, we study high-resolution pre-explosion images of Arp 299 and find both SNe to be close to, but not coincident with, extended sources that are likely massive clusters. A very simple model applied to the bolometric light curve of SN 2010O implies a rough estimate for the explosion parameters of Ek � 3 × 10 51 erg, Mej � 2.9 M⊙ and MNi � 0.16 M⊙.
Effect of ozone versus naringin on testicular injury in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in adult male albino rats

ABSTRACT Testicular dysfunction is caused by the continuous inflammation and oxidative stress that are present at the local site in ulcerative colitis (UC) spreading to the testes via systemic circulation. The influence of ozone and naringine on colitis-mediated testicular dysfunction was investigated in this study. Forty-eight adult male rats were divided into four groups: I control group, II dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) UC-induced group, III DSS+naringine, and IV DSS+ozone groups. UC was induced in groups II, III, and IV using 0.1 ml of 4% DSS in their drinking water per day for 6 days by gastric gavage. All animals were sacrificed 45 days from the start. Blood samples were obtained to estimate serum testosterone hormone. Testicular tissues were processed for measurement of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and examined by light and electron microscopes. Ultrastructurally, group II revealed a relatively thick basement membrane enveloping the seminiferous tubule. Sertoli cell cytoplasm appears rarified with wide intracellular spaces, vacuoles, and multiple lysosomes; distorted spermatogonia with electron dense nuclei and cytoplasm; and primary spermatocytes with small nuclei and electron dense cytoplasm. Abnormal sperm profiles were visible in middle pieces, mid, principle, and end pieces that were markedly affected with disorganization of axoneme and outer dense fibers. Leydig cells revealed dilated cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Morphometric and statistical analyses were performed. Group III showed some improvement; however, group IV showed more improvement. The results indicated that ozone caused marked improvement than naringine against UC-induced testicular damage via their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
New insights into the novel sequences of the chicken pan-genome by liquid chip

Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that the missing sequences and genes in the chicken reference genome are involved in many crucial biological pathways, including metabolism and immunity. The low detection rate of novel sequences by resequencing hindered the acquisition of these sequences and the exploration of the relationship between new genes and economic traits. To improve the capture ratio of novel sequences, a 48K liquid chip including 25K from the reference sequence and 23K from the novel sequence was designed. The assay was tested on a panel of 218 animals from 5 chicken breeds. The average capture ratio of the reference sequence was 99.55%, and the average sequencing depth of the target sites was approximately 187X, indicating a good performance and successful application of liquid chips in farm animals. For the target region in the novel sequence, the average capture ratio was 33.15% and the average sequencing depth of target sites was approximately 60X, both of which were higher than that of resequencing. However, the different capture ratios and capture regions among varieties and individuals proved the difficulty of capturing these regions with complex structures. After genotyping, GWAS showed variations in novel sequences potentially relevant to immune-related traits. For example, a SNP close to the differentiation of lymphocyte-related gene IGHV3-23-like was associated with the H/L ratio. These results suggest that targeted capture sequencing is a preferred method to capture these sequences with complex structures and genes potentially associated with immune-related traits.
The formation and evolution of Virgo cluster galaxies – II. Stellar populations

We use a combination of deep optical and near-infrared light profiles for a morphologically diverse sample of Virgo cluster galaxies to study the radially resolved stellar populations of cluster galaxies over a wide range of galaxy structure. We find that, in the median, the age gradients of Virgo galaxies are either flat (lenticulars and Sa–Sb spirals) or positive (ellipticals, Sbc+Sc spirals, gas-rich dwarfs and irregulars), while all galaxy types have a negative median metallicity gradient. Comparison of the galaxy stellar population diagnostics (age, metallicity and gradients thereof) against structural and environmental parameters also reveals that the ages of gas-rich systems depend mainly on their atomic gas deficiencies. Conversely, the metallicities of Virgo gas-poor galaxies depend on their concentration, luminosity and surface brightness. The stellar population gradients of all Virgo galaxies exhibit no dependence on either their structure or environment. The stellar populations of gas-poor giants (E/S0s) are consistent with a hierarchical formation, wherein the stars in more massive systems were largely formed out of dissipative starbursts associated with gas-rich merging. Differences in the stellar population properties of gas-poor dwarfs and giants suggest different origins for them. The stellar populations in Virgo dS0s and dEs also lack uniformity, suggesting that the formation of Virgo gas-poor dwarfs proceeded through at least two different channels (environmental transformation and merging). Finally, the present stellar content of Virgo spirals seems to have been largely regulated by environmental effects. Spirals with positive age gradients (largely gas-poor types) are likely evolutionary remnants of progenitors which were stripped of their gas discs due to prolonged exposure to the intercluster medium wind. Spirals with negative age gradients are consistent with a traditional inside-out disc growth scenario and have likely not been affected by their environment yet. The paucity of flat stellar population gradients in Virgo spirals suggests that secular evolution is likely not responsible for the formation of their bulges.
Transdermal delivery via medical device technologies

ABSTRACT Introduction Despite their effectiveness and indispensability, many drugs are poorly solvated in aqueous solutions. Over recent decades, the need for targeted drug delivery has led to the development of pharmaceutical formulations with enhanced lipid solubility to improve their delivery properties. Therefore, a dependable approach for administering lipid-soluble drugs needs to be developed. Areas covered The advent of 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the development of medical devices, which can effectively enable the delivery of lipophilic drugs to the targeted tissues. This review focuses on the use of microneedles and iontophoresis for transdermal drug delivery. Microneedle arrays, inkjet printing, and fused deposition modeling have emerged as valuable approaches for delivering several classes of drugs. In addition, iontophoresis has been successfully employed for the effective delivery of macromolecular drugs. Expert opinion Microneedle arrays, inkjet printing, and fused deposition are potentially useful for many drug delivery applications; however, the clinical and commercial adoption rates of these technologies are relatively low. Additional efforts is needed to enable the pharmaceutical community to fully realize the benefits of these technologies.
From galaxy-scale fueling to nuclear-scale feedback: the merger-state of radio galaxies 3C293, 3C305 & 4C12.50

Powerful radio galaxies are often associated with gas-rich galaxy mergers. These mergers may provide the fuel to trigger starburst and active galactic nuclear (AGN) activity. In this Research Note, we study the host galaxies of three seemingly young or re-started radio sources that drive fast outflows of cool neutral hydrogen (HI) gas, namely 3C 293, 3C 305 and 4C 12.50 (PKS 1345+12). Our aim is to link the feedback processes in the central kpc-scale region with new information on the distribution of stars and gas at scales of the galaxy. For this, we use deep optical V-band imaging of the host galaxies, complemented with HI emission-line observations to study their gaseous environments. We find prominent optical tidal features in all three radio galaxies, which confirm previous claims that 3C 293, 3C 305 and 4C 12.50 have been involved in a recent galaxy merger or interaction. Our data show the complex morphology of the host galaxies, and identify the companion galaxies that are likely involved in the merger or interaction. The radio sources appear to be (re-)triggered at a different stage of the merger; 4C 12.50 is a pre-coalescent and possibly multiple merger, 3C 293 is a post-coalescent merger that is undergoing a minor interaction with a close satellite galaxy, while 3C 305 appears to be shaped by an interaction with a gas-rich companion. For 3C 293 and 3C 305, we do not detect HI beyond the inner ~30-45 kpc region, which shows that the bulk of the cold gas is concentrated within the host-galaxy, rather than along the widespread tidal features.
Microtomographic Assessment of the Shaping Ability of the Hyflex CM and XP-endo Shaper Systems in Curved Root Canals

Abstract Objective This study compared the shaping ability of the Hyflex CM and XP-endo Shaper rotary file systems in curved mesial canals of mandibular molars using micro-computed tomography. Material and Methods Seventeen mesial roots of extracted first mandibular molars with two independent mesial canals were scanned before and after root canal preparation with the tested rotatory file systems. Each mesial canal from the same specimen was prepared with one of the two systems. The parameters analyzed were canal centering (transportation) for the cervical, middle, and apical segments, as well as for the entire canal (0–10 mm from the apex); and canal volume increase, canal surface area increase, and unprepared canal walls for two segments, 0 to 4 mm and 0 to 10 mm from the apex. Results There was no significant difference between both systems regarding canal centering (transportation), volume increase, and unprepared canal walls for the 0 to 10 mm segment ( p > 0.05); however, a significant difference was observed for the 0 to 4 mm segment ( p <0.01), where the Hyflex CM left 28.46% of unprepared walls and XP-endo Shaper left 13.26%. Conclusions The shaping ability of the two tested rotatory file systems in mesial roots of first mandibular molars was similar for all parameters in all the segments evaluated, except for the 0 to 4 mm segment, where XP-endo Shaper left a smaller area of unprepared canal walls than Hyflex CM.
A Guideline Value for Dioxin‐Like Compounds in Marine Sediments

Sediments to be dredged as part of the installation of a harbor crossing in Sydney, Australia, contained measurable concentrations of dioxin‐like compounds. To assess the suitability of these sediments for ocean disposal, a defensible sediment quality guideline value (SQGV) for dioxin‐like compounds, expressed as pg toxic equivalent (TEQ)fish/g dry weight, was required. There were deemed to be too many uncertainties associated with a value derived using effects data from field studies. A similar issue was associated with values based on equilibrium partitioning from sediment to pore water, largely associated with the wide range of reported sediment:water partition coefficients. Greater certainty was associated with the use of a tissue residue approach based on equilibrium partitioning between sediment and organisms determined using tissue concentrations in fish, the most sensitive aquatic biota, and biota:sediment accumulation factors. The calculation of an appropriate SQGV used data for dioxin‐like compounds in both fish and sediments from Sydney Harbor. A conservative SQGV for dioxin‐like compounds of 70 pg TEQ/g dry weight was deemed to be adequately protective of biota that might be exposed to these contaminants in sediments at the ocean spoil ground. The approach is transferable to similar situations internationally. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:257–271. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
A CHANDRA PROPER MOTION FOR PSR J1809−2332

We report on a new Chandra exposure of PSR J1809−2332, the recently discovered pulsar powering the bright EGRET source 3EG J1809−2328. By registration of field X-ray sources in an archival exposure, we measure a significant proper motion for the pulsar point source over an ≈11 yr baseline. The shift of 0.30 ± 0. ″06 (at P.A. = 153.3 ± 18.4) supports an association with proposed supernova remnant (SNR) parent G7.5−1.7. Spectral analysis of diffuse emission in the region also supports the interpretation as a hard wind nebula trail pointing back toward the SNR.
TIAM-1 differentially regulates dendritic and axonal microtubule organization in patterning neuronal development through its multiple domains

Axon and dendrite development require the cooperation of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Microtubules form a well-organized network to direct polarized trafficking and support neuronal processes formation with distinct actin structures. However, it is largely unknown how cytoskeleton regulators differentially regulate microtubule organization in axon and dendrite development. Here, we characterize the role of actin regulators in axon and dendrite development and show that the RacGEF TIAM-1 regulates dendritic patterns through its N-terminal domains and suppresses axon growth through its C-terminal domains. TIAM-1 maintains plus-end-out microtubule orientation in posterior dendrites and prevents the accumulation of microtubules in the axon. In somatodendritic regions, TIAM-1 interacts with UNC-119 and stabilizes the organization between actin filaments and microtubules. UNC-119 is required for TIAM-1 to control axon growth, and its expression levels determine axon length. Taken together, TIAM-1 regulates neuronal microtubule organization and patterns axon and dendrite development respectively through its different domains.
Extended analytic QCD model with perturbative QCD behavior at high momenta

In contrast to perturbative QCD, the analytic QCD models have running coupling whose analytic properties correctly mirror those of spacelike observables. The discontinuity (spectral) function of such running coupling is expected to agree with the perturbative case at large timelike momenta; however, at low timelike momenta it is not known. In the latter regime, we parametrize the unknown behavior of the spectral function as a sum of (two) delta functions; while the onset of the perturbative behavior of the spectral function is set to be 1.0-1.5 GeV. This is in close analogy with the"minimal hadronic ansatz"used in the literature for modeling spectral functions of correlators. For the running coupling itself, we impose the condition that it basically merges with the perturbative coupling at high spacelike momenta. In addition, we require that the well-measured nonstrange semihadronic (V+A) tau decay ratio value be reproduced by the model. We thus obtain a QCD framework which is basically indistinguishable from perturbative QCD at high momenta (Q>1 GeV), and at low momenta it respects the basic analyticity properties of spacelike observables as dictated by the general principles of the local quantum field theories.
Circumscribing Late Dark Matter Decays Model Independently

A number of theories, spanning a wide range of mass scales, predict dark matter candidates that have lifetimes much longer than the age of the Universe, yet may produce a significant flux of gamma rays in their decays today. We constrain such late-decaying dark matter scenarios model-independently by utilizing gamma-ray line emission limits from the Galactic Center region obtained with the SPI spectrometer on INTEGRAL, and the determination of the isotropic diffuse photon background by SPI, COMPTEL, and EGRET observations. We show that no more than ∼5% of the unexplained MeV background can be produced by late dark matter decays either in the Galactic halo or cosmological sources.
Similarity criterion of flood discharge atomization

Abstract By combining the results of prototype observation of flood discharge atomization at the Wujiangdu Hydropower Station, and by adopting the serial model test method, the model scale effect was examined, the influences of the Reynolds and Weber numbers of water flow on the rain intensity of flood discharge atomization were analyzed and a rain intensity conversion relation was established. It is demonstrated that the level of atomization follows the geometric similarity relations and it is possible to ignore the influence of the surface tension of the flow when the Weber number is greater than 500. Despite limitations such as incomplete data sets, it is undoubtedly helpful to study the scale effect of atomization flow, and it is beneficial to identify the rules of the model test results in order to extrapolate to prototype prediction.
Monitoring X-ray Emission From SN 1986J

SN1986J ranks as one of the most luminous, X-ray bright supernovae ever observed. The X-ray emission is attributed to circumstellar interaction with the dense wind from its progenitor star. I present results from recent Chandra observations of SN1986J which, combined with data from ROSAT, ASCA, and XMMNewton, yield an X-ray light curve spanning much of the rst 20 years of the supernova’s evolution. Together with observations in other wave bands, these data provide strong constraints on models for this type IIn supernova. I show that the 0.5n2. 5 keV X-ray emission is declining , and suggest that the enhanced abundance of silicon and sulfur in the X-ray spectrum argues against a shocked wind-cloud origin for the X-ray and narrow optical line emission.
Mass-loss histories of Type IIn supernova progenitors within decades before their explosion

We present results of a systematic study of the mass-loss properties of Type IIn supernova progenitors within decades before their explosion. We apply an analytic light-curve model to 11 Type IIn supernova bolometric light curves to derive the circumstellar medium properties. We reconstruct the mass-loss histories based on the estimated circumstellar medium properties. The estimated mass-loss rates are mostly higher than 10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1) and they are consistent with those obtained by other methods. The mass-loss rates are often found to be constantly high within decades before their explosion. This indicates that there exists some mechanism to sustain the high mass-loss rates of Type IIn supernova progenitors for at least decades before their explosion. Thus, the shorter eruptive mass-loss events observed in some Type IIn supernova progenitors are not always responsible for creating their dense circumstellar media. In addition, we find that Type IIn supernova progenitors may tend to increase their mass-loss rates as they approach to the time of their explosion. We also show a detailed comparison between our analytic prediction and numerical results.
Achieving the Pareto Frontier of Regret Minimization and Best Arm Identification in Multi-Armed Bandits

We study the Pareto frontier of two archetypal objectives in multi-armed bandits, namely, regret minimization (RM) and best arm identification (BAI) with a fixed horizon. It is folklore that the balance between exploitation and exploration is crucial for both RM and BAI, but exploration is more critical in achieving the optimal performance for the latter objective. To this end, we design and analyze the BoBW-lil'UCB$(\gamma)$ algorithm. Complementarily, by establishing lower bounds on the regret achievable by any algorithm with a given BAI failure probability, we show that (i) no algorithm can simultaneously perform optimally for both the RM and BAI objectives, and (ii) BoBW-lil'UCB$(\gamma)$ achieves order-wise optimal performance for RM or BAI under different values of $\gamma$. Our work elucidates the trade-off more precisely by showing how the constants in previous works depend on certain hardness parameters. Finally, we show that BoBW-lil'UCB outperforms a close competitor UCB$_\alpha$ (Degenne et al., 2019) in terms of the time complexity and the regret on diverse datasets such as MovieLens and Published Kinase Inhibitor Set.
A pebbles accretion model with chemistry and implications for the Solar system

We investigate the chemical composition of the solar system's giant planets atmospheres using a physical formation model with chemistry. The model incorporate disk evolution, pebbles and gas accretion, type I and II migration, simplified disk photoevaporation and solar system chemical measurements. We track the chemical compositions of the formed giant planets and compare them to the observed values. Two categories of models are studied: with and without disk chemical enrichment via photoevaporation. Predictions for the Oxygen and Nitrogen abundances, core masses, and total amount of heavy elements for the planets are made for each case. We find that in the case without disk PE, both Jupiter and Saturn will have a small residual core and comparable total amounts of heavy elements in the envelopes. We predict oxygen abundances enrichments in the same order as carbon, phosphorus and sulfur for both planets. Cometary Nitrogen abundances does not allow to easily reproduce Jupiter's nitrogen observations. In the case with disk PE, less core erosion is needed to reproduce the chemical composition of the atmospheres, so both planets will end up with possibly more massive residual cores, and higher total mass of heavy elements. It is also significantly easier to reproduce Jupiter's Nitrogen abundance. No single was disk was found to form both Jupiter and Saturn with all their constraints in the case without photoevaporation. No model was able to fit the constraints on Uranus & Neptune, hinting toward a more complicated formation mechanism for these planets. The predictions of these models should be compared to the upcoming Juno measurements to better understand the origins of the solar system giant planets.