Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(refereed) - postprint

High natural variability in space and time can make accurate measurements of macrophyte standing crop difficult. Accuracy of such measurements could be improved quantifying the relationships between the different methods of measuring standing crop which are available to researchers. In this study we compare cover, volume, and biomass as measures of standing crop. Percentage cover, percentage volume, and dry weight biomass estimates were positively related ( R 2(adj) range = 54 – 96 %), but these relationships were significantly different between sites, and to a lesser extent between months. Biomass was related ( R 2(adj) range = 18 – 73 %) to stand height. Furthermore, cover, volume and biomass indicated different seasonal trends in standing crop at the two study sites. Our study presents a suite of standing crop measures that exhibit close congruence, can be measured efficiently and minimise destructive sampling in situ , attributes which will aid in the design and implementation of future macrophyte measurement protocols for shallow rivers. for in-stream measurements. Our results suggest that as a way of measuring macrophyte cover, bank estimates can be a much quicker, if less accurate method than in-stream measurements. Our results are reassuring given the widespread use of bank-based cover estimates in routine monitoring programmes, such as the Mean Trophic Rank Methodology which is based on rapidly assessing a 100 m reach (Dawson et al., 1999).
(refereed) - postprint

processes to variability in forest community composition over time and with respect to successional recovery. 2. Using five consecutive trees censuses of a forest plot in Puerto Rico, conducted between 1990 and 2011, we evaluated the influence of edaphic and topographic variability on community composition. The plot has a well-documented land-use history and is subject to periodic hurricane disturbance. Using multiple canonical distance-based Redundancy Analyses, we studied how spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrients and topography structure community composition over time, as the forest recovers from long-term land-use effects and two major hurricanes in 1989 and 1998. 3. For the entire plot, spatial variables (principle coordinates of neighborhood matrices), representing the autocorrelation of tree species in the community, explained the majority (49-57 percent) of the variability in tree community composition. The explanatory power of spatial variables decreased over time, as forest structure recovered from hurricane damage and the stems in the understory died. Soil nutrients and topography, collectively, explained a moderate portion (33-37 percent) of the species compositional variation, and were slightly more robust in explaining compositional differences in areas of more-intense past land use. 4. Areas of less-intense past land-use showed weaker community–environmental trends overall, illustrating a tendency for stronger resource competition (i.e., light, water, and soil nutrients) between species in these areas. This illustrates how environmental-plant community interactions are strengthened by the lasting effects of human land-use legacies, which persist for decades to centuries. 5. Synthesis. Our findings confirm past land-use to be a fundamental driver of the structure and composition of secondary forests through its impacts on the tree community, the abiotic terrestrial environment, and their interaction. Since the extent of second-growth tropical forests continues to increase, our findings highlight the importance of understanding the processes that determine the rate and nature of their succession. tropical forest, variance partitioning.
Quantitative Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor β Isoforms mRNA in the Human Corneal Epithelium ( TGF-β isoforms / real-time RT-PCR / mRNA – quantification / corneal epithelium )

TGF-β is an important mediator of cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation and plays a significant role in both normal and pathological corneal tissue. However, the quantitative relations between TGF-β1, -β2 and -β3 isoforms in human cornea still remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the gene expression profile of TGF-βs in order to evaluate quantitative relations between the examined transcripts in human corneal epithelium. Transcriptional activity of TGF-β1, 2, 3, GAPDH and β-actin genes was estimated on the basis of mRNA copy number per 1 μg of total RNA using the real-time QRT-PCR technique with the SYBR Green I chemistry. Specificity of RT-PCR reaction was confirmed by determination of the characteristic melting temperature for each amplimer. Additionally, the RT-PCR products were separated on 6% polyacrylamide gels and visualized with silver salts. Expression of all TGF-β genes for the corneal epithelium was determined. Comparable analysis of mRNA copies/1 μg of total RNA for each TGF-β isoform showed that: TGF-β1 > TGF-β2; TGF-β3 > TGF-β2; TGF-β1 = TGF-β3 (ANOVA test P < 0.0001; post-hoc Tukey’s test: TGF-β1 and TGF-β2, P = 0.0306; TGF-β3 and TGF-β2, P = 0.0045; TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 NS). We found different expression of the TGF-β1, -2 and -3 isoforms in the human corneal epithelium. Such differential expression of TGF-βs suggests that each of them may play a specific role in corneal tissue.
Conformational Studies of β‐glucans

Steric and energy contour diagrams have been plotted for disaccharide‐like and for helical structures of linear β‐D‐glucans having (1 → 2), (1 → 3) and (1 → 4) linkages. The allowed conformations constitute only about. 4% of the total conformations, indicating that the freedom of rotation of glucose residues is highly restricted in all the three polysaccharides. The additional restrictions of the monomer unit, as one passes from disaccharide to polysaccaride structures, are severe in the case of (1 → 2) and (1 → 3) linked polysaccharides but not in (1 → 4) linked polysaccharide. The difference in the nature of linkages also has shown to affect the energetically preferred conformations: (1 → 2) linkages lead only to left handed helical conformations; (1 → 3) linkages lead to both right and left handed wide and extended helical conformations, (1 → 4) linkages lead to both right and left handed extended helical conformations. The possible hydrogen bonds between adjacent residues are also dependent on the nature of linkage.
Chronic effects of a nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone type I receptor antagonist on pituitary-adrenal function, body weight, and metabolic regulation.

CRH, the principal regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and modulator of autonomic nervous system activity, also participates in the regulation of appetite and energy expenditure. Antalarmin, a pyrrolopyrimidine compound, antagonizes CRH type 1 receptor-mediated effects of CRH, including pituitary ACTH release, stress behaviors, and acute inflammation. We administered antalarmin chronically to evaluate its effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and metabolic status. Adult male rats were treated twice daily with 20 mg/kg of i.p. antalarmin or placebo over 11 days. The animals were weighed; plasma ACTH, corticosterone, leptin, and blood glucose levels were determined; and morphometric analyses were performed to determine adrenal size and structure, including sizing, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Leptin messenger RNA expression in peripheral fat was analyzed by Northern blot. Antalarmin decreased plasma ACTH (mean +/- SD, 2.62 +/- 0.063 pg/ml) and corticosterone concentrations (10.21 +/- 1.80 microg/dl) compared with those in vehicle-treated rats [respectively, 5.3 +/- 2.0 (P < 0.05) and 57.02 +/- 8.86 (P < 0.01)]. Antalarmin had no significant effect on body weight, plasma leptin, or blood glucose concentrations or fat cell leptin messenger RNA levels. The width of the adrenal cortex of animals treated with antalarmin was reduced by 31% compared with that in controls without atrophy of the gland. On the ultrastructural level, adrenocortical cells were in a hypofunctional state characterized by reduced vascularization, increased content of lipid droplets, and tubulovesicular mitochondria with fewer inner membranes. The apoptotic rate was increased in the outer zona fasciculata of animals treated with the antagonist (26.6 +/- 3.58%) compared with that in placebo-treated controls (6.8 +/- 0.91%). We conclude that chronic administration of antalarmin does not affect body weight, carbohydrate metabolism, or leptin expression, whereas it reduces adrenocortical function mildly, without anatomical, clinical, or biochemical evidence of causing adrenal atrophy. These results are promising for future uses of such an antagonist in the clinic.
Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes Social Loafing under Fatigue

In 2 experiments, 64 male students worked almost continuously for 20 hr without sleep under varying social conditions. In Experiment 1, participants worked either individually or as a group. As hypothesized, performance deteriorated over time, especially in the group condition, which allowed participants to loaf. In Experiment 2, all participants worked in groups. They were instructed that public feedback would be provided either on the group result only or on the individual results of all group members. As expected, when individual results were nude public, performance deteriorated less. Overall, the data suggest that fatigue increases social loafing. However; both individualizing the task and providing public individual feedback seem to counteract these effects. In many areas of economic life, it is common that people work long hours, also at night. Examples of these include military operations, police work, surgery rooms, shipping, and so forth. To get insight into the question of how people perform under such abnormal conditions, researchers have studied extensively the effects of fatigue and sleep deprivation on human performance (e. From these studies, it can be concluded that the longer people work and the more tired they get, the more their performance tends to deteriorate, especially if they are deprived of sleep. There are, however, large differences between tasks in their sensitivity to fatigue. Tasks that primarily require physical performance (such as walking while carrying a load) are relatively immune to sleep loss, although after 48 to 72 hr even those tasks are no longer carried out quickly and accurately. On the other hand, degradation in cognitive performance can be seen as early as after 18 hr of work without sleep. The general assumption is that performance deterioration under fatigue occurs because the activation level of the operator decreases. This decrease can temporarily be compensated for by providing feedback (Steyvers & Gaillard, 1993) or by promising financial incentives (Home & Pettitt, 1985). Feedback or incentives stimulate people to exert extra mental effort, which makes them able to compensate for the decreased activation level. However , this is only possible for relatively short periods of time and only under the condition that the individual is motivated to do so (Gaillard & Wientjes, 1994). Thus, when people's motivation to exert mental effort is already negatively affected by a source other than fatigue, the impact of fatigue on performance will even be larger than in a normal situation. The willingness to …
Impact of ingratiation on judgments and evaluations: A meta-analytic investigation.

A computer search was conducted to examine empirical research on the relationship between various ingratiation tactics and the judgments and evaluations of targets and observers. The data revealed a small positive effect for ingratiation on performance evaluations and a significantly stronger positive effect for ingratiation on judgments of interpersonal attraction (i.e., liking). However, these effects were qualified by a number of categorical and continuous moderator variables, including the specific ingratiation tactic used, the perceived transparency of the ingratiation, the direction of the influence attempt {upward, downward, or lateral), whether perceivers were targets of the influence attempt or simply observed the ingratiator, the gender of the perceiver, and the setting in which the data were collected. The implications of these findings for future research on the impact of various forms of ingratiation are discussed.
Cancer immunotherapy via combining oncolytic virotherapy with chemotherapy: recent advances

: Oncolytic viruses are multifunctional anticancer agents with huge clinical potential, and have recently passed the randomized Phase III clinical trial hurdle. Both wild-type and engineered viruses have been selected for targeting of specific cancers, to elicit cytotoxicity, and also to generate antitumor immunity. Single-agent oncolytic virotherapy treatments have resulted in modest effects in the clinic. There is increasing interest in their combination with cytotoxic agents, radiotherapy and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Similarly to oncolytic viruses, the benefits of chemotherapeutic agents may be that they induce systemic antitumor immunity through the induction of immunogenic cell death of cancer cells. Combining these two treatment modalities has to date resulted in significant potential in vitro and in vivo syner-gies through various mechanisms without any apparent additional toxicities. Chemotherapy has been and will continue to be integral to the management of advanced cancers. This review therefore focuses on the potential for a number of common cytotoxic agents to be combined with clinically relevant oncolytic viruses. In many cases, this combined approach has already advanced to the clinical trial arena. MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; DC, dendritic cell; DAMP, danger-associated molecular pattern; CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes; NK, natural killer; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TRAiL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand; calreticulin.
Cancer immunotherapy via combining oncolytic virotherapy with chemotherapy: recent advances

: Oncolytic viruses are multifunctional anticancer agents with huge clinical potential, and have recently passed the randomized Phase III clinical trial hurdle. Both wild-type and engineered viruses have been selected for targeting of specific cancers, to elicit cytotoxicity, and also to generate antitumor immunity. Single-agent oncolytic virotherapy treatments have resulted in modest effects in the clinic. There is increasing interest in their combination with cytotoxic agents, radiotherapy and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Similarly to oncolytic viruses, the benefits of chemotherapeutic agents may be that they induce systemic antitumor immunity through the induction of immunogenic cell death of cancer cells. Combining these two treatment modalities has to date resulted in significant potential in vitro and in vivo syner-gies through various mechanisms without any apparent additional toxicities. Chemotherapy has been and will continue to be integral to the management of advanced cancers. This review therefore focuses on the potential for a number of common cytotoxic agents to be combined with clinically relevant oncolytic viruses. In many cases, this combined approach has already advanced to the clinical trial arena.
Cutaneous lymphomas: a proposal for a unified approach to classification using the R.E.A.L./WHO Classification.

BACKGROUND The classification of cutaneous lymphomas has been controversial. The EORTC has proposed that conventional classification schemes are not suitable for cutaneous lymphomas, and that a unique classification system is required. DESIGN The authors review the suitability of the R.E. A.L. Classification for cutaneous lymphomas, and compare it with the newly proposed EORTC system. The principles of the R.E. A.L. Classification have been adopted by the WHO committees for the classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms. Each disease is defined as a distinct entity based on an integration of morphology, immunophenotypic and genetic features, clinical presentation and course, and normal cellular counterpart. If either primary or secondary involvement of the skin is a constant factor, this aspect is considered integral to disease definition. RESULTS Organ-specific classification schemes may impede the recognition of common features of diseases involving multiple anatomic sites. For example, cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (formerly designated cutaneous immunocytomas) mirror the features of MALT lymphomas in other anatomic sites. While the EORTC Classification for cutaneous lymphomas attempts to emphasize certain aspects of these neoplasms of importance to dermatologists, the use of multiple classification systems is a step backward, and may lead to confusion among hematologists/oncologists, and dermatologists. Nevertheless, cutaneous lymphomas often have a more indolent natural history than nodal lymphomas, and may require different therapeutic approaches. Clinical features are an important prognostic factor and should be utilized in guiding therapy. For cutaneous lymphomas the presence or absence of systemic spread is particularly important. Additionally, the site of origin is often important in the definition of disease entities. CONCLUSIONS Organ-specific classification schemes, such as the EORTC Classification for cutaneous lymphomas, are not required, and indeed may impede the recognition of common features of diseases involving multiple anatomic sites. A common classification system, such as the R.E. A.L. /WHO Classification, should be utilized for all lymphomas, regardless of the site of origin.
Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from waste treatment facilities

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Characteristics

This paper reports an investigation of a number of parameters affecting the performance of the SuperHILAC 2.5 MV Adam injector source. The description will emphasize anode sputtered materials, and will discuss in some detail calcium and gold ion production. Parame· ters varied include electrode geometry, support gas type and electrode bias, to optimize beam intensity and electrode consumption. A factor of three inprovement with high n+ gold ions appears evident with a new displaced electrode geometry. The source is operated in cold mode, is pulsed and operates usual· ly at less than 0.6 amperes average current. Under these conditions source life has been measured to be sixteen hours at 25% duty factor, when generating calcium ions, with neon support gas. minimization the the heavier elements are optimized In instances mea· sured results are puzzling. are
Analytical Solutions for Filtration Process Based on the Constriction Size Concept

In this paper, an analytical model was proposed to describe the filtration process applicable to a base soil-filter system. The Navier-Stokes equation for porous media was used to capture the hydrodynamic behavior, while numerically a new algorithm has been proposed to solve the Navier-Stokes equation in non-linear form. The various mixtures of base particles eroded and water flow within the system was computed using the work-energy principle incorporating the constriction size of the filter. The model can assess the filtration process through the flow rate, and the accumulation and erosion of base soil within the filter. By discretising the base soil and filter domains into discrete elements, the model can predict the time dependent particle gradation of the filter for each element. Laboratory tests reported in other studies and those conducted by the Authors have verified the validity of the model, in relation to other available models.
Coagulopathy in a patient with X‐linked hyper‐IgM syndrome who developed Kaposi's sarcoma

Letters and correspondence submitted for possible publication must be identified as such. Text length must not exceed 500 words and five bibliographic references. A single concise figure or table may be included if it is essential to support the communication. Letters not typed double-spaced will not be considered for publication. Letters not meeting these specifications will not be returned to authors. Letters to the Editor are utilized to communicate a single novel observation or finding. Correspondence is to be used to supplement or constructively comment on the contents of a publication in the journal and cannot exceed the restrictions for Letters to the Editor. The Editor reserves the right to shorten text, delete objectional comments, and make other changes to comply with the style of the journal. Permission for publication must be appended as a postscript. Submissions must be sent to Jay Umbreit, MD, PhD, Editor of Brief Reports/Letters to Editors, American Journal of Hematology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road, Suite B4100, Atlanta, GA 30322 to permit rapid consideration for publication.
Evaluating

Probabilistic topic models are important tools for indexing, summarizing, and analyzing large document collections by their themes. However, promoting end-user understanding of topics remains an open research prob-lem. We compare labels generated by users given four topic visualization techniques— word lists, word lists with bars, word clouds, and network graphs—against each other and against automatically generated labels. Our basis of comparison is participant ratings of how well labels describe documents from the topic. Our study has two phases: a labeling phase where participants label visualized topics and a validation phase where different participants select which labels best describe the topics’ documents. Although all visualizations produce similar quality labels, simple visualizations such as word lists allow participants to quickly understand topics, while complex visualizations take longer but expose multi-word expressions that simpler visualizations obscure. Automatic labels lag behind user-created labels, but our dataset of manually labeled topics highlights linguistic pat-terns (e.g., hypernyms, phrases) that can be used to improve automatic topic labeling algorithms.
Paleontology and physical stratigraphy of the USGS-Pregnall No. 1 core (DOR-208), Dorchester County, South Carolina

3 Introduction 3 Acknowledgments 5 Unit conversions 5 Methods 5 Lithology 5 Paleontology 5 Calcareous nannofossils 5 Palynology 7 Results and stratigraphic discussions 7 Stratigraphy 7 Paleontology 7 Chicora Member of the Williamsburg Formation (Black Mingo Group) 12 Stratigraphy 12 Lithology 12 Paleontology 13 Moultrie Member of the Santee Limestone (Orangeburg Group) 14 Stratigraphy 14 Lithology 14 Paleontology 15 Cross Member of the Santee Limestone (Orangeburg Group) 15 Stratigraphy 15 Lithology 15 Paleontology 16 Harleyville Formation (Cooper Group) 16 Stratigraphy 16 Lithology 16 Paleontology 17 Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) 17 Stratigraphy 17 Lithology 17 Paleontology 18 Surficial deposits 18 Discussion and conclusions 19 References 19