Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal relationships between sea level pressure and air temperature in the tropics

While surface temperature gradients have been highlighted as drivers of low-level atmospheric circulation, the underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. Lindzen and Nigam (1987) noted that sea level pressure (SLP) gradients are proportional to surface temperature gradients if isobaric height (the height where pressure does not vary in the horizontal plane) is constant; their own model of low-level circulation assumed that isobaric height in the tropics is around 3 km. Recently Bayr and Dommenget (2013) proposed a simple model of temperature-driven air redistribution from which they derived that the isobaric height in the tropics again varies little but occurs higher (at the height of the troposphere). Here investigations show that neither the empirical assumption of Lindzen and Nigam (1987) nor the theoretical derivations of Bayr and Dommenget (2013) are plausible. Observations show that isobaric height is too variable to determine a universal spatial or temporal relationship between local values of air temperature and SLP. Since isobaric height cannot be determined from independent considerations, the relationship between SLP and temperature is not evidence that differential heating drives low-level circulation. An alternative theory suggests SLP gradients are determined by the condensation of water vapor as moist air converges towards the equator. This theory quantifies the meridional SLP differences observed by season across the Hadley cells reasonably well. Higher temperature of surface air where SLP is low may be determined by equatorward transport and release of latent heat below the trade wind inversion layer. The relationship between atmospheric circulation and moisture dynamics merits further investigation.
3D Printing in Medicine; Application in Intracranial Tumours in Southern Nigeria

Background: The pituitary gland is a small bean-shaped gland situated at the base of the brain. Pituitary-based tumors are neuroendocrine tumours affecting the pituitary gland. Imaging of the pituitary gland involves the use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. 3D reconstruction of data from CT images can be converted into 3D and then made into a live anatomical model using a 3D printer. The objective and aim of this study are to demonstrate that findings from CT scan images can be used to generate 3D printed specific models for patients and clinicians. Methods: Patient-specific models for three clinical cases were segmented using a segmentation application to isolate the mass and the bone. The process involved image acquisition from a cross-sectional imaging to segmentation of the acquired DICOM image into a 3D model followed by file and model correction for final print, this is then followed on to slicing with the selection of 3D printing material as well as appropriate settings, this is then concluded with the actual print, print accuracy, and cost analysis. Results: Segmentation of the region of interest took about 45 to 90 minutes with the majority of the time spent on segmentation of the pituitary. Printing of models was done into sections as the skull and mass were printed separately. The times required spanned from 20-40 minutes and 4-9 hours for the mass and skull base respectively. Print accuracy was less than 1.7mm with the total cost of printing a model was less than $50. Conclusion: This study showed steps in 3D printing anatomical models from a computed tomogram of patients with brain lesions.
A Generalized Closed-From Solution for Wide-Area Fault Location by Characterizing the Distributions of Superimposed Errors

Wide-area fault location (WAFL) refers to the estimation of fault distance on the faulted line using PMU data. A system of linear equations is formulated for WAFL, taking advantage of both voltage and current synchrophasors. This results in a generalized closed-form solution for the fault distance using the weighted least-squares method. The main contribution of the letter is the rigorous derivation of the equation weights based on the statistical distributions of the superimposed errors, i.e., the differences between the errors of the corresponding pre- and post-fault synchrophasors. The method's effectiveness, robustness against different factors, and superiority over existing methods are demonstrated by extensive simulations and comparison studies conducted on the IEEE 39-bus test system.
Transfer of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) to Relationship Marketing: Potential Effects on Perceived Customer Intimacy

Abstract ASMR has attracted considerable attention in social media and advertising practices, but it lacks empirical investigation within marketing science. This study suggests applying ASMR in the design of interactions in relationships between organizations and customers in order to shorten spatial distance evoked by digitization. This experimental study comprises the first empirical investigation of ASMR in the context of relationship marketing with a focus on perceived customer intimacy. The findings demonstrate that the level of perceived customer intimacy depends on individuals’ extraversion and agreeableness, and ASMR may entail the ability to positively influence this intimacy, but is influenced by further variables.
SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF GALAXIES IN VOID REGIONS

We present a study of spectral properties of galaxies in underdense large-scale structures, or voids. Our void galaxy sample (75,939 galaxies) is selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 with z < 0.107 ? > . We find that there are no significant differences in the luminosities, stellar masses, stellar populations, and specific star formation rates between void galaxies of specific spectral types and their wall counterparts. However, the fraction of star-forming galaxies in voids is significantly higher ( ≥ 9 % ? > ) than that in walls. Void galaxies, when considering all spectral types, are slightly fainter, are less massive, have younger stellar populations, and have higher specific star formation rates than wall galaxies. These minor differences are totally caused by the higher fraction of star-forming galaxies in voids. We confirm that active galactic nuclei (AGNs) exist in voids, already found by Constantin et al. in 2008, with similar abundance to that in walls. Type I AGNs contribute ∼1%–2% of void galaxies, similar to their fraction in walls. The intrinsic [O iii] luminosities, spanning over 10 6 – 10 9 L ☉ ? > , and Eddington ratios are similar comparing our void AGNs versus wall AGNs. Small-scale statistics show that all spectral types of void galaxies are less clustered than their counterparts in walls. Major merger may not be the dominant trigger of black hole accretion in the luminosity range we probe. Our study implies that the growth of black holes relies weakly on large-scale structures.
Collisional evolution of asteroids - Populations, rotations, and velocities

The collisional evolution of various initial populations of asteroids is simulated numerically and compared with the present asteroid size-frequency distribution to find those populations which collisionally relax to the present belt. Both orbital and size distributions are treated, as well as the simultaneous evolution of two collisionally interacting populations with different physical properties. If the initial belt distribution was a power law, the initial belt population at the time when the present high-collision speed was established was probably only modestly larger than the present population. However, other distributions allow a more massive early belt. The rotational evolution due to collisions of asteroids with power-law distributions is also examined and compared with observations, leading to conclusions generally in agreement with those of size evolution. The high-collision speed in the present belt is likely due to Jupiter. Gravitational stirring by massive Jupiter-scattered planetesimals or secular resonances sweeping through the belt are the most probable mechanisms.
Chemical and microbiological properties of drinking water in the city of Baghdad

Background: The quality of drinking water is directly related to community health. Therefore, improving the quality of drinking reflects positively on the health situation in general. The studies that deal with the quality of drinking water in the city of Baghdad in terms of chemical or microbial content are very scanty. Objective: The current review highlights the most important studies and research articles that concern the quality of drinking water, both bottled water and tap water, in terms of chemical and biological contamination and chemophysical specifications for drinking water. Abstract: Studies have shown that drinking water in the city of Baghdad, especially tap water, contains certain levels of heavy metals, and some bacterial species have also been diagnosed in drinking water transmitted through taps. But the levels of most of them are within the international standards. Although there are some indications of chemical and biological contamination. Conclusion: Although the standard specifications for drinking water in the city of Baghdad are acceptable, the pollution indicators in both tap water and bottled water should be monitored seasonally.
An Effective Selection Method for Low-Mass Active Black Holes and First Spectroscopic Identification

We present a new method to effectively select objects which may be low-mass active black holes (BHs) at galaxy centers using high-cadence optical imaging data, and our first spectroscopic identification of an active 2.7x10^6 Msun BH at z=0.164. This active BH was originally selected due to its rapid optical variability, from a few hours to a day, based on Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam~(HSC) g-band imaging data taken with 1-hour cadence. Broad and narrow H-alpha and many other emission lines are detected in our optical spectra taken with Subaru FOCAS, and the BH mass is measured via the broad H-alpha emission line width (1,880 km s^{-1}) and luminosity (4.2x10^{40} erg s^{-1}) after careful correction for the atmospheric absorption around 7,580-7,720A. We measure the Eddington ratio to be as low as 0.05, considerably smaller than those in a previous SDSS sample with similar BH mass and redshift, which indicates one of the strong potentials of our Subaru survey. The g-r color and morphology of the extended component indicate that the host galaxy is a star-forming galaxy. We also show effectiveness of our variability selection for low-mass active BHs.
Intersection pairings in moduli spaces of holomorphic bundles on a Riemann surface

are coprime. This space had long been studied by algebraicgeometers (see for instance Narasimhan and Seshadri 1965 [22]), but a new view-point on it was revealed by the seminal 1982 paper [1] of Atiyah and Bott on theYang-Mills equations on Riemann surfaces. In this paper a set of generators forthe (rational) cohomology ring of
Characteristics of and Outcomes After Dialysis-Treated Acute Kidney Injury 2009-2018: A Taiwanese Multicenter Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasingly common in intensive care units (ICUs) and is associated with poor outcomes. Few studies have explored the temporal trends in severity of acute illness at dialysis initiation, indications for dialysis, and their association with patient outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 9,535 adult patients admitted to the ICU and received their first dialysis treatment from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital system in Taiwan between 2009 and 2018. EXPOSURE Calendar year. OUTCOMES ICU mortality and dialysis dependence among hospital survivors. ANALYTICAL APPROACH The temporal trends over the study period were investigated using test statistics suited for continuous or categorical data. The association between the study year and the risk of mortality was analyzed using multivariable Cox regression with adjustment for relevant clinical variables, including the severity of acute illness, defined by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. MAIN RESULTS The mean SOFA score at dialysis initiation declined slightly from 14.0 in 2009 to 13.6 in 2018. There was no significant trend in the number of dialysis criteria that were fulfilled over time. Observed ICU mortality declined over time and appeared to be reverse J-shaped, with a substantial decline from 56.1% in 2009 to 46.3% in 2015 and a slight increase afterward. The risk of mortality was significantly reduced from 2013 to 2018 compared with 2009 in adjusted models. The declining trend in ICU mortality over time remained significant. Dialysis dependence among survivors increased, mainly in patients with CKD, from 36.8% in 2009 to 43.9% in 2018. LIMITATION Residual confounding from unmeasured factors over time such as severity of comorbidities, detailed medication interventions, and delivered dialysis dose. CONCLUSION We observed reductions in mortality among ICU patients with dialysis-requiring AKI between 2009 and 2018, even after adjusting for dialysis indication and severity of illness at dialysis initiation. However, dialysis dependence among survivors has increased over time, mainly in patients with pre-existing CKD.
Young People and Subjective Employment Insecurity: Evidence from the Finnish Youth Barometer between 2009 and 2019

Although broad labour market transformations have altered employment prospects for young people in the Global North, young people remain optimistic about their future employment opportunities. However, there is relatively little research on variations in young people’s perceptions. Using data from the Finnish Youth Barometer Survey, we address this gap by analysing young people’s perceived employment insecurity—that is, feelings of insecurity about future employment chances. We analyse first the determinants of employment insecurity and second the relationship between non-standard work contracts and employment insecurity in the employed group. The finding showed that economic downturns, immigrant background and unemployment status are associated with insecurity. Having a non-standard contract was associated with more insecurity. Young women feel more insecure than men. This is partly explained by the concentration of non-standard contracts among women. Our results show that there are differences in employment insecurity among young people and that young people react to economic downturns.
Confidence at the limits of human nested cognition

Abstract Metacognition is the ability to weigh the quality of our own cognition, such as the confidence that our perceptual decisions are correct. Here we ask whether metacognitive performance can itself be evaluated or else metacognition is the ultimate reflective human faculty. Building upon a classic visual perception task, we show that human observers are able to produce nested, above-chance judgements on the quality of their decisions at least up to the fourth order (i.e. meta-meta-meta-cognition). A computational model can account for this nested cognitive ability if evidence has a high-resolution representation, and if there are two kinds of noise, including recursive evidence degradation. The existence of fourth-order sensitivity suggests that the neural mechanisms responsible for second-order metacognition can be flexibly generalized to evaluate any cognitive process, including metacognitive evaluations themselves. We define the theoretical and practical limits of nested cognition and discuss how this approach paves the way for a better understanding of human self-regulation.
Adaptation and Validation of the Indonesian Version of Attitudes toward Sexuality Questionnaire in Individuals with Intellectual Disability (ASQ-ID)

Background: Sexuality is an integral part of adult human life, including for individuals with a disability. Even though sexuality is a fundamental right of human life, however, for a person with an intellectual disability, expressing and exploring sexuality is limited. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of ASQ-ID in the Indonesian language. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study designed for adaptation and validation of the Attitudes toward Sexuality Questionnaire in Intellectual Disability (ASQ-ID) of the Indonesian version was conducted in 2019. The study subjects were 617 students of Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia. The translation process was composed of 5 steps: translation, synthesis, back translation, and semantic and conceptual analysis testing. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with principal component analysis (PCA) as a method of extraction and varimax rotation was used to identify the structure/dimensionality of observed data and identify clusters of inter-correlated variables. Pearson's r-correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between the original and Indonesian adaptation of ASQ-ID. Cronbach-alpha was computed across all factors/sub-scales to examine the internal consistency of the adapted questionnaire. Results: Reliability analysis showed Cronbach alpha and composite reliability of items of the Indonesia version of ASQ-ID was high. EFA analysis revealed 7 emerging factors and 28 items of solutions. The items were re-group into 4 sub-scales based on the original ASQ-ID sub-scales. Conclusion: The Indonesian version of ASQ-ID has high validity and reliability in measuring the attitudes toward sexuality in individuals with ID.
Are Campaigns Getting Uglier, and Who Is to Blame? Negativity, Dramatization and Populism on Facebook in the 2014 and 2019 EP Election Campaigns

ABSTRACT Relating to theories of dissonant public spheres and affective publics, we study negativity, dramatization, and populist content in political party Facebook posts across 12 countries during the 2014 and 2019 European Parliament Election campaigns. A quantitative content analysis of 14,293 posts from 111 (2014) and 116 (2019) political parties shows that negative emotion, negative campaigning, dramatization, and populist content has increased over this time. We show that political parties sought to evoke more negative emotions and generate more dramatization, engaged more in negative campaigning, and included more populist content in their Facebook posts in the 2019 EP election than in 2014. Further, we show that posts evoking negative emotions and dramatization and involving negative campaigning yield higher user engagement than other posts, while populist content also led to more user reactions in 2014, but not in 2019. Negative, exaggerated, and sensationalized messaging therefore makes sense from a strategic perspective, because the increased frequencies of likes, shares, and comments make parties’ messages travel farther and deeper in social networks, thereby reaching a wider audience. It seems that the rise in affective and dissonant communication has not emerged unintentionally, but is also a result of strategic campaigning.
On Pool-Adjacent-Violators Algorithm and its Performance for Non-Independent Variables

Estimation of ordered expectations is a problem that has attracted attention of researchers for more than fifty years. This interest is reflected by a wide literature starting with papers of Ayer at al (1955), Brunk (1955) and van Eeden (1956, 1957, 1958), Katz (1963) as well as Hanson et al (1973), Sackrowitz and Strawderman (1974) and then developed among others by Sackrowitz (1982), Lee (1983), Best and Chakravarti (1990), Charras and van Eeden (1991), Qian (1992), Block et al (1994), Ahuja and Orlin (2001), Burdakov et al (2004), Jewel and Kalbfleisch (2004) and Hansohm (2007). A good summary of the state of knowledge is presented in monographs of Robertson et al. (1988) and van Eeden (2006). Somehow, it appears that approaches of all these authors share a common feature. Namely, it is always assumed that random variables for which one desires to compute estimates satisfying ordering constraints are independent. This author is not aware of any estimation procedure that accounts for possible correlation between such variables. Hence two possible choices are: constructing a procedure dedicated to correlated data or investigating the properties of existing estimation strategies when independence assumption is dropped. In this paper the original Pool-Adjacent-Violators algorithm (PAVA) of Ayer et al (1955) is revisited and its properties in the case of non-zero correlation are assessed in a simulation study.
Linking Electricity Consumption, Tourism, and Economic Growth in OECD Countries

This study investigates the causal link between tourism, electric power consumption and economic growth in 34 OECD countries. Unlike previous studies, this study applies the panel VAR model with the Granger causality test, impulse response, and variance decomposition. The findings show a positive trend for all variables. As economic growth increases, tourism receipts and electricity consumption are increasing as well. The results reveal bi-directional causal relationship between all of the variables, and the findings are consistent with previous studies. These findings may encourage the decision-makers to make the necessary efforts to create a friendly environment for sustainable tourism.
Effect of Sowing Dates and Compound Fertilizer NPK on Growth and Yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Two field experiments were conducted during winter growing season 2019-2020 at Ninevah Governorate at two locations: Talkief and Al-Hamdaniya. The main objective was to study the effect of two sowing dates (November 2017 and December 2017), and four levels of N15P15K15 fertilizers (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg. ha-1) on growth and yield of flax under rainfed conditions. The factorial experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with triplicate. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between sowing dates in all the studied characters in the both locations, the date of sowing (November 17) gave the highest rate of plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1, number of seeds. capsule-1, 1000 seed weight , seed yield, seed oil percentage and linolenic acid percentage. Adding NPK fertilizer with 200 Kg NPK.ha-1 to the soil was superior in some characters i.e. plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1 and number of seeds. capsule-1 in Al-Hamdaniya location, Whereas linolenic acid percentage was superior in Talkief location, Also highest seeds oil percentage was obtained in both locations. The interaction between date (November 17) with 200 kg.ha-1 of N15P15K15 fertilizer was significantly (p<0.05) superior in linolenic acid percentage in Talkief location only.