Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of combinations amongst genes Lr13, Lr34 and Lr37 on components of resistance in wheat to leaf rust

Gene pyramiding is a breeding strategy whereby host resistance genes are combined together with the objective of prolonging their usefulness in crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) for resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici. When genes are combined they often give reactions different from those given by each component gene alone. Effects of gene combinations in lines Lr13 + Lr34 (T34-13), Lr13 + Lr37 (T13-37) and Lr34 + Lr37 (T34-37) were compared with those of the single gene lines CT263 (Lr13)(T13), RL6058 (Lr34)(T34), RL6081 (Lr37)(T37) and the leaf rust susceptible control, Thatcher. Infection types on plants infected with pathotypes UVPrt2 or UVPrt13 in the glasshouse, and disease severity in the field, demonstrated higher levels of resistance in the combination lines T13-37 and T34-37 than in the lines with the individual genes. The absence of sporulating uredinia in these combination lines prevented quantitative measurements of components such as latent period. In the T34-13 line, no increased resistance to pathotype UVPrt13 was apparent from assessment of the infection types in the glasshouse. Precise measurements of its resistance components showed, however, that it had a longer latent period and smaller uredinia and its resistance was highly effective in the field. There was variation in leaf rust severity amongst sister lines containing both Lr13 and Lr34, suggesting that increased resistance in T13–34 may not be controlled solely by these two genes themselves. Development of fungal structures, and the incidence and area displaying a hypersensitive reaction, were assessed using UV-1A and B-2A fluorescence microscopy filter combinations. Significant restriction of fungal growth during early postinfection stages occurred in the gene combination lines T34–13, T13–37 and T34–37. Colony size in these lines was also significantly reduced compared with that in the single gene lines T13, T34, T37 and the leaf rust-susceptible Thatcher, when either or both pathotypes possessed avirulence for one of the Lr genes. In the compatible T13–34/UVPrt13 interaction no clear histological evidence of resistance enhancement was observed. The hypersensitive reaction in Lr37 alone or in combination and with either pathotypes, and Lr13 alone or in combination and with UVPrt2 indicated that the major component of the resistance mechanism is posthaustorial. Lr34 had the lowest hypersensitive index and even less hypersensitivity was observed in the Lr34/Lr37 combination line than in Lr37 alone. There was more prehaustorial abortion of infection structures in the line T34–37 than in T34 and T37 with isolate UVPrt2 but not with UVPrt13. It did not appear that abortion of infection structures was a major component of the resistance studied.
Critical Current Speeds for Young Gulf Coast Walleyes

Abstract We evaluated critical current speeds (CCS, cm/s) for young Gulf (of Mexico) Coast walleyes Stizostedion vitreum and compared the results to field determinations of water velocity under different flood conditions in Luxapalila Creek, Mississippi, which supports a small population of this species. Critical current speeds for actively feeding walleyes ranged from 8 to 74 cm/s, and were related to fish standard length (SL, mm) by log10(CCS) = −0.231 + 0.927·log10(SL), for which P < 0.0001, r 2 = 0.67, and N = 83. Mean current velocities in Luxapalila Creek between May and June ranged from 20 to 45 cm/s. Means were higher than the CCS for a young walleye at that time, but velocities were spatially variable. Persistance of walleyes in Luxapalila Creek and similar streams probably depends on the availability of instream structures that locally reduce current speed. Removal of such structures or channelization of such streams could compromise the survival of a genetically unique southern population of wa.
External morphology and ontogeny of three species of Damaeidae (Acari: Oribatida)

The morphology of juvenile stages and ontogeny of Belba compta (Kulczynski, 1902), Epidamaeus bituberculatus (Kulczynski, 1902) and Spatiodamaeus verticillipes (Nicolet, 1855) were described and illustrated for the first time. The juveniles of these species have 12 pairs of gastronotal setae (larva has 12 pairs, protonymph loses d-series setae and gains p-series, and 12 pairs remain in this and other nymphs). They differ mainly by the length of setae c 1 and la in the larva, which are relatively long in E. bituberculatus, short in S. verticillipes and of medium size in B. compta. The nymphs of the latter species have long seta c 3, whereas other species have this seta short. In the nymphs of B. compta, adanal setae are smooth; in E. bituberculatus, these setae have long barbs; but in S. verticillipes, they have short barbs. Ontogeny of leg setae is similar in all species, except for famulus (ϵ), which is emergent in the juveniles of B. compta and sunken in other species; the adults of all species have it emergent. Belba compta and E. bituberculatus lose seta c 3 in the adult, and 11 pairs of notogastral setae remain, whereas S. verticillipes loses seta c 3 and one seta of h-series, which is unique in Damaeidae. The diagnoses of B. compta, E. bituberculatus and S. verticillipes are modified and enriched in the morphological characters of juveniles, and systematic values of some morphological characters of juveniles of Belba von Heyden, 1826, Damaeus CL Koch, 1836, Epidamaeus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957, Kunstidamaeus Miko, 2006, Metabelba Grandjean, 1936, Metabelbella Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957 and Spatiodamaeus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967 are discussed.
USING SOCIAL NETWORKS IN TEACHING ESP TO ENGINEERING STUDENTS

The present study examines students’ and teachers’ views on and attitudes to the use of different social networks in teaching English for specific purposes (ESP) to future engineers. It focuses on the types of work social networks can be used for, on language skills they help develop. The study was conducted with a survey method. The research was held at the National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” and the sample was 170 full-time students of Energy Management and Energy Saving Institute and 60 lecturers of the Department of English for Engineering. It was conducted during December-February of 2019 – 2020 academic year. Within the context of the research, the students’ and teachers’ surveys were conducted. They were asked about their experience in using social networks and their application concerning university-related work and studies. The analysis of responses in the questionnaires showed that students and their teachers have a positive perception of using social media networks for English for specific purposes teaching in the classroom and outside. From the conducted research, we can conclude that using social networks is effective in ESP teaching and these advanced technologies can improve students’ ESP proficiency, enhance their motivation for studying foreign languages, and can be used as corpora of authentic materials. The results of this research may be used for other studies concerning ESP teaching and technology application in this process.
Impacts of Aerosol and Environmental Conditions on Maritime and Continental Deep Convective Systems Using a Bin Microphysical Model

A series of model simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) loading and convective available potential energy (CAPE) on tropical maritime and midlatitude continental deep convection. Dynamical downscaling from global aerosol reanalysis was used to represent aerosol fields for the two convective regimes. We describe a control run and multiple sensitivity experiments using a limited‐area model, employing spectral‐bin cloud microphysics. The CCN loading is perturbed between the target maritime and continental conditions, roughly 40–2,000 cm−3 at 850 hPa and 1% supersaturation. Surface precipitation rates monotonically increase with increasing CCN loading for both the maritime and continental situations, while these monotonic increases are disrupted in the simulations with reduced CAPE. The increase in precipitation is in the form of convective precipitation, at the expense of stratiform precipitation. CCN increases promote increases in supercooled cloud water, in agreement with previous modeling studies. However, in the simulations investigated herein, the changes in supercooled water have different impacts on the cloud microphysics in the maritime and continental simulations. Increased supercooled water contents lead to more hail and less graupel in the continental simulation. For the maritime simulation, enhanced supercooled cloud water contents promote an increase in graupel since little or no hail is produced. This distinction is due to the difference in relative magnitudes and peak altitudes of supercooled water and snow amounts, which is further attributable to moisture and dynamical differences in the two cases.
Smart Tourism City: Developments and Transformations

Cities and tourism entities invest massive resources into smart system initiatives as information technologies are a key factor for a city’s destination competitiveness. Moreover cities around the world are increasingly recognizing the smart tourism city concept and related strategies as means of optimizing sustainable environments. Particularly for cities facing emerging issues of residents’ negative perceptions towards tourism, smart tourism city empowers a city to rise to this challenge by creating urban spaces that residents and visitors can enjoy together. However, smart tourism city research initiatives still fail to address the full spectrum of related and potential developments. This study presents a conceptual approach to defining smart tourism city: the smart city and its components are defined and contrasted with smart tourism and its components. The resulting convergence—smart tourism city—is then examined in light of a number of pioneering examples of smart tourism cities and its vital roles in the age of sustainable development. The main purpose of this study is to show the interests of locals and tourists context and the roles of ‘smart’ government leadership to researchers and practitioners.
Zinco em solos do estado de São Paulo I: zinco total

Determinou-se o zinco total, com ataque perclorico-fluoridrico e espectrofotometria de absorcao atomica, em 227 amostras de 28 perfis pertencentes a 14 unidades representativas dos solos de Sao Paulo. O material de origem foi o fator preponderante a condicionar os teores de zinco dos solos. Os solos derivados de rochas basicas, os mais ricos em zinco, tem os teores medios ponderados dos horizontes A de seus perfis compreendidos entre 87 e 315 ppm; os derivados de materiais aluviais e coluviais, 53 e 84 ppm; os derivados de sedimentos modernos, entre 29 e 65 ppm; os derivados do arenito Bauru, entre 16 e 30 ppm; os derivados de sedimentos modernos arenosos, entre 1 e 17 ppm, os mais pobres em zinco. Observou-se boa correlacao (r = 0,79**) entre os teores de zinco e os de oxidos de ferro dos solos.
The involvement of Kv3.4 voltage-gated potassium channel in the growth of an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line

Background: In our previous study, an A-type voltage-gated K+ channel, Kv3.4, was found more frequently expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) when compared with non-cancerous matched oral tissue. An OSCC cell line, OECM-1, was found to have moderate level of Kv3.4 expression. Methods: To further elucidate the roles of Kv3.4 for the involvement of neoplastic process, we amplified Kv3.4 coding sequence by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), constructed an expression vector carrying this sequence and then stably transfected into OECM-1 OSCC cells. Results: We demonstrated the integration and constitutive expression of Kv3.4 in the cell. A unique A-type current elicited by such expression in OECM-1 cells was defined by patch clamp analysis. This current pattern can be reversibly blocked by an A-type K+ channel blocker 2 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). The acquisition of Kv3.4 activity in OECM-1 cells bestowed growth advantage. However, in 3T3 cell, transfected Kv3.4 caused only limited increase of growth without forming transformation foci. Conclusion: The present study established a stable keratinocyte system carrying functional Kv3.4 and increase of growth, by which the anti-Kv3.4 modalities for potential OSCC control can be further investigated.
Effects of seed mass and light on seedling success in Artemisia sieversiana Willd in the Tibetan Plateau.

Seed mass and light availability are important factors which affect seedling recruitment in plant populations. Effects of seed mass and light availability on seed germination and seedling recruitment in Artemisia sieversiana Willd, which is a widely distributed herbs and a common component species in alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau, were tested in a manipulative field experiment. Our research indicated that seed mass and light significantly affected seed germination and seedling emergence and survival and there was a significant interaction effect between seed mass and light availability on these life traits within species. Our study showed that larger seeds presented significant advantages in germination, seedling emergence and survival than smaller seeds under different light availability, especially under deep shade. Our results suggested that seedling success of Artemisia sieversiana appears to be regulated by an interactive effect of seed mass and light availability in alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In addition, seedlings from larger seeds have more and more stronger advantages from germination, emergence to survival stage than seedlings from smaller seed within species.
Cryptobiosis in the Eutardigrade Adorybiotus (Richtersius) coronifer: Tolerance to Alcohols, Temperature and de novo Protein Synthesis

The eutardigrade Adorybiotus (Richtersius) coronifer survives cryptobiosis for years. During entrance into anhydrobiosis this species accumulates the disaccharide trehalose reaching a maximum content of 2.3% d.w. In the present study we examined the survival of anhydrobiotic A. (R)coronifer during exposure to alcohols of various polarity, and to high temperatures, as well as qualitative changes in protein synthesis during entrance into anhydrobiosis. Results showed that A. (R) coronifer in anhydrobiosis survived exposure to ethanol for less than 10 minutes whereas exposure to 1-butanol only decreased survival to 40% after the first 7 days and 1-hexanol did not change survival from the controls after the first 7 days. A. (R) coronifer survived temperatures up to approximately 70 °C for 60 minutes without any decrease in survival. However, survival decreased rapidly when the exposure temperature was increased to above 70 °C and no animals survived exposure to 100 °C. During the entrance into anhydrobiosis a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 71 kDa appeared on acryl amide gels showing protein bands after the animals had been incubated with 3H-Leucine. This protein may belong to the Heat-shock protein (Hsp) 70 family. The results on the survival of A. (R) coronifer during exposure to alcohols and high temperature are discussed in light of the trehalose content earlier described in this animal during anhydrobiosis.
Will Americans Really Vote for a Woman President? Aggregate Gender Bias in the 2016 Presidential Election

ABSTRACT Many individual-level studies were conducted on the 2016 American presidential election. Fewer analyses consider how aggregate context affected support for Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. We explore this issue, asking if Clinton’s vote share was smaller in counties with lower baseline hospitability toward women candidates; we find support for this proposition. This effect persists in counties won by Barack Obama in 2012 and Trump in 2016. These findings underscore the importance of both individual and aggregate analyses of election results.
Self-determination theory: A theoretical framework for group supervision with internal coaches

Within the literature on coaching supervision, most studies relate to supervision for full-time coaching practitioners. This paper presents the results of an integrated literature review into coaching supervision for internal coaches who have coaching in addition to their technical role. As well as answering specific research questions, emergent data showed internal coaches using group supervision for competence, relatedness and whether they have autonomy; purposes synonymous with the psychological needs within Self-determination theory (SDT). This paper proposes SDT as an evidence-based theoretical framework for supervisors to understand these areas in group supervision with internal coaches, whilst also making suggestions for further research.
Egg Production Performance of the Local Kabyle Hen and its Crossbreeds with ISA-Brown Strain in Semi-Intensive Conditions

A cross between the ISA-Brown industrial strain and an Algerian local (Kabyle) breed was compared with the Algerian local (Kabyle) hen. The comparison during the egg production period was done in individual cages, in a ventilated henhouse without any particular isolation. The same commercial diet has been provided over three time periods (35 to 36 weeks, 50 to 51 weeks and 65 to 66 weeks of age). Egg number and body weight at first egg was significantly lower in the Kabyle local breed. Mortality was almost equal during the breeding period and the egg production periods for the two genotypes. The Kabyle hen eggs, in spite of a weight which was lower (43.70 to 53.37 g according to the age), gave yolk to albumen ratio similar to the ISAKAB cross (0.52 to 0.58 according to age). Finally, the ISAKAB cross was better in terms of egg production and egg quality than the local hen, in test conditions. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.
Amyloid Peptide Aβ1‐42 Binds Selectively and with Picomolar Affinity to α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Abstract: We have recently reported evidence that a very high affinity interaction between the β‐amyloid peptide Aβ1‐42 and the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) may be a precipitating event in the formation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, the kinetics for the binding of Aβ1‐42 to α7nAChR and α4β2nAChR were determined using the subtype‐selective nicotinic receptor ligands [3H]methyllycaconitine and [3H]cytisine. Synaptic membranes prepared from rat and guinea pig cerebral cortex and hippocampus were used as the source of receptors. Aβ1‐42 bound to the α7nAChR with exceptionally high affinity, as indicated by Ki values of 4.1 and 5.0 pM for rat and guinea pig receptors, respectively. When compared with the α7nAChR, the affinity of Aβ1‐42 for the α4β2nAChR was ∼5,000‐fold lower, as indicated by corresponding Ki values of 30 and 23nM. The results of this study support the concept that an exceptionally high affinity interaction between Aβ1‐42 and α7nAChR could serve as a precipitating factor in the formation of amyloid plaques and thereby contribute to the selective degeneration of cholinergic neurons that originate in the basal forebrain and project to the cortex and hippocampus.
Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments from Scapa Flow, Orkney, Scotland

Abstract To determine the composition, abundance and horizontal distribution of resting cysts in modern coastal sediments from Scapa Flow, Orkney, Scotland, sediment samples were collected from 12 stations. Twenty-six dinoflagellate cyst types representing eight motile-defined genera and one cyst-defined genus were observed. Four species or species groups dominated the assemblage for the Flow as a whole, Scrippsiella trochoidea, unidentified round brown cysts, Polykrikos schwartzii and Alexandrium tamarense. Total cyst abundance ranged from 37–1524 cysts ml−1 wet sediment. The majority of cysts occurred in the central area of the Flow, where higher densities were observed. Of particular importance is the distribution and abundance of cysts of A. tamarense. Since 1991 there have been annual toxic episodes of paralytic shellfish poisoning, caused by the vegetative stage of A. tamarense, in Scapa Flow, leading to widespread bans on all shellfish activities for months at a time. Cysts of A. tamarense were widely distributed within the Flow and ranged from 0–212 cysts ml−1 wet sediment. The overall widespread distribution and higher abundances of cysts of A. tamarense in the central areas of the Flow indicate potential seedbeds for initiation of future vegetative growth and subsequent outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning.
Opportunism, Identification Asymmetry, and Firm Performance in Chinese Interorganizational Relationships

ABSTRACT Extant literature focuses on within-dyad opportunism (i.e., transgression of the norms of a specific business relationship) while neglecting pro-relational opportunism (i.e., transgression of societal norms to benefit the relationship), resulting in limited understanding of their different effects. We argue that opportunism is a significant threat to the identity of business partners and boundary spanners which results in different relational dynamics at different levels, that is, Type-I (i.e., interorganizational identification squeezing out interpersonal identification) and Type-II identification asymmetry (i.e., interpersonal identification dominating interorganizational identification). Identification asymmetry further mediates the effects of opportunism on exchange performance. Based on a matched manufacturer–supplier sample, we find strong support to the hypotheses. Moreover, distributive fairness aggravates the effect of pro-relational opportunism on identification asymmetry, while interactive fairness mitigates it. Our research provides more nuanced between-level findings on identification in interorganizational settings, and cautions against firms’ tendency toward Machiavellian reasoning when they face the temptation of complicit behavior for organizational gains.
Endolithic Microbial Communities in Polar Desert Habitats

Microorganisms inhabiting terrestrial endolithic habitats are widespread in polar environments including the Antarctic Dry Valleys and the Canadian high Arctic. Their ability to survive in these harsh environments is a result of their finding protection from extremes in temperature, aridity, radiation and winds by colonizing nutrient-rich subsurface habitats that provide more amenable conditions for growth, often developing as vertically stratified communities that include fungi, algae, cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. Despite finding some refuge from climatic extremes, endolithic microorganisms commonly produce extracellular polysaccharides to avoid desiccation and minimize the damaging effects of freeze-thaw cycles. These microorganisms are geochemically reactive with their endolithic surroundings, observed as heterogeneous concentrations and distributions of metals resulting from mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions as well as element and nutrient release and cycling. Novel microscopy techniques such as SEM-BSE reveal much information about the physiological state of these microorganisms in situ, and show how under specific conditions, microbe-mineral interactions produce unique biosignatures of interest to studies in astrobiology. Their ability to change in situ pH conditions shows that can be directly involved in weathering of endolithic habitats, but the ecology of a given endolithic microbial community can have varying effects on rates of rock weathering. These differences in weathering rates may be an important control on microbial species diversity in polar desert endolithic habitats.