Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph Observations of the B III Resonance Doublet in Early B Stars: Abundances and Isotope Ratios

Boron abundances and isotope ratios in two early B stars have been measured by using the Hubble Space Telescope's Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) in order to observe the B III resonance doublet near 2066 Å. We also report new experimental and theoretical results for the wavelengths, isotope shift, and hyperfine structure of these boron lines. In HD 886 (γ Pegasi; B2 IV), and HD 35299 (B1 V) the abundance of boron is about a factor of 2 lower than that inferred from solar system meteorites. The 11B/10B isotope ratio in HD 886 is determined to be 4.7, and for HD 35299 a value of 3.7 is found. These values are consistent with the solar system isotope ratio. In a third star, HD 3360 (ζ Cassiopeiae; B2 IV), our GHRS observations show that the boron abundance is a factor of 40 below the solar system abundance. Our results for HD 886 and HD 35299 appear to be consistent with little dispersion in the initial boron-to-oxygen ratio among Population I stars and a universal 11B/10B isotope ratio. However, the abundance measured for HD 3360 shows that either some stars suffer significant boron depletion while still in the core-hydrogen burning phase of their evolution, or there is indeed a very wide variation in initial Population I boron abundances. A much-improved understanding of boron astration in early B stars will be required before this question can be resolved.
Prediction and nonparametric estimation for time series with heavy tails

Motivated by prediction problems for time series with heavy‐tailed marginal distributions, we consider methods based on `local least absolute deviations' for estimating a regression median from dependent data. Unlike more conventional `local median' methods, which are in effect based on locally fitting a polynomial of degree 0, techniques founded on local least absolute deviations have quadratic bias right up to the boundary of the design interval. Also in contrast to local least‐squares methods based on linear fits, the order of magnitude of variance does not depend on tail‐weight of the error distribution. To make these points clear, we develop theory describing local applications to time series of both least‐squares and least‐absolute‐deviations methods, showing for example that, in the case of heavy‐tailed data, the conventional local‐linear least‐squares estimator suffers from an additional bias term as well as increased variance.
Relation of Validation Experiments to Applications: A Nonlinear Approach

Model validation efforts often use a suite of experiments to provide data to test models for predictive use for a targeted application. A question that naturally arises is “Does the experimental suite provide data to adequately test the target application model? ” The goal of this article is to develop methodology to partially address this question by utilizing computational models for the individual test suite experiments and for the target application, coupled with linear and nonlinear optimization techniques. The results show that the nonlinear methodology developed represents a significant improvement in ability to address this question, for the application considered.
What is the Mechanism for the Modification of Convective Cloud Distributions by Land Surface–Induced Flows?

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the mechanism that modulates the initiation of convection within convergence zones caused by land surface–induced mesoscale flows. An idealized modeling approach linked quantitatively to observations of vegetation breezes over tropical Benin was used. A large-eddy model was used with a prescribed land surface describing heterogeneities between crop and forest over which vegetation breezes have been observed. The total surface fluxes were constant but the Bowen ratio varied with vegetation type. The heterogeneous land surface created temperature differences consistent with observations, which in turn forced mesoscale winds and convection at the convergence zones over the crop boundaries. At these convergence zones optimum conditions for the initiation of convection were found in the afternoon; the equivalent potential temperature was higher in the convergence zones than over anywhere else in the domain, due to reduced entrainment, and the mesoscale convergence.
The length weight relationship and condition factors of Tank Goby Glossogobius giuris Hamilton, 1822 in Lapompakka Lake, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi

Lapompakka lake is one of the inland waters located in Tanasitolo District, South Sulawesi. Tank goby is one of the main commodity fish in Lake Lapompakka. This study aims to analyze the length-weight relationship and condition factors based on sex, observation time, and gonad maturity of tank goby. The results of this research are expected to provide information on growth patterns and conditions factor of tank goby so that they are useful in determining sustainable management and utilization efforts for tank goby conservation. This research was conducted for three months (September - November). Tank goby samples were obtained from 2 fishermen who were fishing in Lapompakka Lake. Analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Fisheries Biology, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Hasanuddin University. The number of fish was 212 individuals, composed of 153 males and 59 females. The results of the analysis, the growth patterns of male (b = 2.4667) and female (b = 2.3770) tank goby have a negative allometric growth pattern, which indicates the increase in body length is faster than the increase in body weight of the tank goby. The value of the condition factor indicates that the tank goby is in good condition and are in the fat or plump category that the condition factor of the tank goby increase along with an increase in the level of gonad maturity.
Characteristics of atmospheric turbulence in terms of background atmospheric parameters inferred using MST radar at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E)

Indian mesosphere‐stratosphere‐troposphere (MST) radar is located at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E) in a tropical zone of India. In this region the background atmospheric parameters such as atmospheric winds, temperature, and humidity show a distinct change from monsoon to winter season. For example, the monsoon season is dominated by tropical easterly jet winds in the upper troposphere (i.e., 14–17 km), and the winter season is dominated by westerly winds with peak value at about 12–14 km. The basic wind patterns in the two seasons differ significantly, and this is expected to give rise to differences in the characteristics of atmospheric turbulence parameters in the two seasons. In this paper, various atmospheric turbulence parameters such as eddy dissipation rate (ɛ), eddy diffusivity (Kh), and horizontal scale length (l0 and LB) are obtained for the first time for the monsoon and winter seasons by using the available data sets from MST radar. An attempt is made to understand and explain the seasonal variability of these turbulence parameters in terms of the observed changes in the background atmospheric conditions.
The effect of encapsulated liquid smoke at drinking water to percentage of weight life, carcass, organ and chemical component of broiler meat

The aims of this study was to determine the effect of addition encapsulated liquid smoke in drinking water to relative of weight life, carcass, organ and chemical component of broiler meat. Broilers were grown to 30 days of age on ad libitum diets and addition of liquid smoke encapsulated in drinking water were given in 14th day every 3 days ad libitum. One hundred Day Old Chicks (DOC) were randomly assigned into 5 treatments and 4 replications, each replicate consisted of 5 birds. The treatments started at 14th day, consist of P0 = control, P1= commercial antibiotic (acidal™) and liquid smoke encapsulated (P2 = 0.5 %, P3=1.0%, P4=1.5%). The result showed that addition of encapsulated liquid smoke to drinking water had significant effect (P<0.05) on broiler life weight, and carcass weight. Meanwhile, there was no significant effect (P>0.05) on percentage of carcass, liver, heart and gizzard. The result of broiler fat meat show at 0.5-1.0 % level addition of liquid smoked encapsulated have same effect as commercial antibiotic, meanwhile the addition of liquid smoked encapsulated have no effect to pH and cholesterol of broiler meat.
Use of probiotics, mangrove leaf extract, and bacterin for alternative disease prevention in tiger shrimp culture

Research has been carried out to determine the effect of probiotics, mangrove leaf extracts, and bacterin as an alternative to disease prevention in shrimp culture. There are 4 treatments and 5 replications. WSSV-free tiger shrimp juveniles with a density of 5 pcs/m2 were applied in each pond. A) used of RICA probiotic (1,2,3) 20g/pond; B), used of mangrove extracts resulting from wet leaf boiling (Sonneratia alba) (300 g in 5 L of cooking water to 2.5 L) as much as 2 L/pond; C) used of vibrio vaccine formalin-inactivated 1% with dose 2.4 mL /kg feed; and D) Control. Administration of probiotics and mangrove leaf extract is carried out every week while bacterin is carried out before culture with immersion method at a dose of 2.4 mL/L for one hour and booster through feed at a dose of 2.4 mL/kg of feed given on days 13, 14, 15, 28, 29 and 30 every month during the culture period. The results showed that the use of mangrove leaf extracts gave the best survival rate and production of the shrimp. TBV/TPC ratio in the pond water ranged from 1.3-8.9%, while in the pond sediment ranged from 0.33-0.97%.
Invaders of Langat River: Introduction of varied vermiculated sailfin catfish, Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus

Globally and locally, invasive aquatic species pose a major threat towards aquatic ecosystems. Among the most successful of these aquatic invaders in Malaysian freshwater river systems is the vermiculated sailfin catfish or Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus. The study is conducted in Langat River, a subsidiary of the Selangor River basin which flows through the capital and high population density areas of the country. The impact of the species can be seen through its overpopulation and high density in the river due to the absence of natural predators and extremely high fecundity. This study provides the first report on the occurrence of introduced vermiculated sailfin catfish, P. disjunctivus, from Langat River, where the P. pardalis had been previously reported. In this study, random sampling exercises were conducted by using gill nets in a stretch of the Langat River. Out of 24 samples of Pterygoplichthys obtained, 11 were of P. pardalis. This was further confirmed by the morphometric and meristic characters as well as the patterns on the fish. Furthermore, during the sampling, we also described a new body pattern Pterygoplichthys, which does not fit both P. pardalis and P. disjunctivus entirely. The new body pattern of Pterygoplichthys, could be the result of hybridization between both species or variation patterns within the same species. However, a deeper study is necessary to be conducted to confirm this claim.
A Fourier transform theory for photon localization and evanescence in photonic bandgap structures

We propose an approach to the problem of describing photon behaviour near the bandgap region of photonic crystal structures using a Fourier transform formalism defined in optical reciprocal-space. A modified Debye-Waller approximation in conjunction with the use of a resonant refractive index provides an analytic solution to the coupled-mode equations describing photon propagation in a periodic high dielectric contrast structure. Overall, this represents a new technique for solving the inverse scattering problem. We use this method to consider photon behaviour at the Brillouin zone edges of a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure: our results showing agreement with conventional theory for the standard assumption of an infinitely long grating structure. However, when a photon is located in the bandgap region of a finite (five periods used as an example) high refractive index contrast grating structure, we find that photon velocity becomes superluminal as the photon wave becomes evanescent. This is in agreement with the basic precepts of the uncertainty principle. Additionally, as the bandgap strength increases, the probability of transmission through the dielectric barrier reduces exponentially, with an associated reduction in tunnelling time.
The effect of vitamin B complex and phosphorus on the RNA/DNA ratio and larval growth of barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790)

Barramundi (L. calcarifer) is a valuable fish with aquaculture potential. One of the factors determining the success of barramundi aquaculture is the availability of seeds, however larviculture success is often low. This research examined the effect of supplementation with various combinations of vitamin B complex and phosphorus on the RNA/DNA ratio and growth of captive-bred barramundi larvae. Barramundi larvae aged 2 days were stocked at a density of 25 fish/L and reared for 30 days with natural feed (Chlorella and rotifers) in 40 L containers filled with 30 L water. Commercial vitamin B complex and mineral phosphorus were dissolved in water and added to the larval rearing media. The research used a completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors, 4 levels and 3 replicates, giving 16 treatments and 48 experimental units. The factors were vitamin B complex (0, 75, 150, and 225 mg/L) and phosphorus (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/L). Analysis of variance showed that the combination of vitamin B complex and phosphorus had a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on the RNA/DNA ratio. Barramundi larval growth was lowest with 0 mg/L of both supplements (control) and highest with 150mg/L vitamin B complex and 1.0 mg/L phosphorus, decreasing with higher levels of either additive.
Feasibility of water-saving technology to improve shallot productivity in dryland of Eastern Indonesia

Increasing productivity of shallot using water saving technology in dryland farming system is recently documented in the literature due to efficient use of water irrigation. However, to what extent of profitabiliy and feasibility of water saving technology in dryland farming system of shallot are limited information. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and profitability of water saving technology of shallot farming system in dryand of easten part of Indonesia. Input and output data were obtanied from the experimental research involving three treatments of technology packages tested and laid as Randomized Block Design: (A (Trichoderma, sprinkler irrigation, use of bio-urine); B (same as A but with furrow irrigation); and C (farmer practice), The amount of water used was measured using a water meter. The results showed that package A has achieved the highest shallot yield at 31.6 tons/ha, 14% and 45% higher compared to package B and C, respectively. The total cost of irrigation with package A was less than the other packages, in which there was 15.8% and 30.4% more efficient compared to package B and package C, respectively. The cost of cultivating shallots with water-saving technology was lower than package B and farmer practices. The total profits obtained for package A was IDR 199,475,602 ha-1 which was higher than package B and farmers practices which was IDR 162,420,704 ha-1 and IDR 108,165,556 ha-1, respectively and with B/C ratios for each package A, package B and package C was 2.88; 2.21 and 1.39 respectively. Thus, water saving technology for shallot farming system in dryland have high feasible to be developed.
Heat Low Over the Saudi Arabian Desert During May 1979 (Summer MONEX)

Abstract In May of 1979 a unique data set was obtained over the desert area in Saudi Arabia near the surface heat low as part of the GARP Monsoon Experiment (MONEX). Analysis of the data reveals that during the day a well-mixed layer extends up to 650 mb, while a stable layer forms above the desert surface during the night. Calculations of the divergence and kinematic vertical velocity show that the entire troposphere is dynamically active with strong descending motions during the day down to a 1 km deep surface layer which has ascending motion in it. There is daytime surface convergence, divergence around 850 mb, and convergence above 700 mb. During the pre-sunrise hours there is descending motion down to the surface with divergence at nearly all levels from the surface up to 550 mb and convergence above this level. The roles of vertical and horizontal advective, as well as radiative, processes in the thermal budget have been investigated. During the pre-sunrise hours the horizontal advective and longwav.
Stability of transverse dipole modes in coasting ion beams with nonlinear space charge, octupoles, and chromaticity

(Received 16 July 2007; published 8 January 2008)The inﬂuence of the nonlinear space-charge force, which causes an amplitude-dependent tune shift, onthe transverse stability of a coasting beam with impedances is investigated. In particular, the interplay ofnonlinear space charge with a cubic lattice nonlinearity (octupoles) and with linear chromatic effects isconsidered. For each case, the stability diagram obtained from a dispersion relation with two-dimensionaltune spread is compared with results from a simulation scan. For the latter, a 3D particle tracking code isused, with self-consistent 2D space charge, coupling to transverse impedances, chromaticity, and non-linear lattice effects. The validity of non-self-consistent space-charge models in analytical and innumerical approaches is examined. We reconﬁrm that, although nonlinear space charge does not provideLandau damping of its own, it modiﬁes strongly the stability properties and must be taken into account inan analysis of Landau damping induced by external (octupole or chromaticity) effects. It is demonstratedthat non-self-consistent approaches for space charge are not always applicable.
Gemini North r' band imaging of the Keck II Laser

The Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS-N), with a field of view of 5.5 × 5.5 arc minutes, was used to obtain r' band images of the Keck II laser beam. The data samples the Rayleigh scattered laser beam at low elevations and the sodium spot at the highest elevation. The Rayleigh scattered part of the beam is large at low elevations, filling the GMOS-N field of view, with high surface brightness. At higher elevations (85 deg - 89.5 deg) it gets smaller and fainter. We also present data taken on the laser spot which we see at an elevation of 89.625, corresponding to a height in the atmosphere of ~100km. In addition, GMOS-N spectra and GMOS-N on-instrument wavefront sensor (OIWFS) data have been collected that allow us to characterize the effect that lasers from other telescopes might have on GMOS-N data. The OIWFS works at wavelengths which include the sodium D band.
Chaotic bit sequences for stream cipher cryptography and their correlation functions

Two types of balanced binary sequence have recently been defined, referred to as a chaotic threshold sequence and a chaotic bit sequence, each of which is obtained from chaotic real- valued orbits generated by nonlinear maps. This paper presents a stream cipher system whose running-key sequences are threshold and bit sequences generated by Chebyshev polynomials. Such a system has the following characteristics: (1) Chebyshev threshold and bit sequences can easily generate unpredictable i.i. d. binary random variables; (2) The correlation properties of ciphertexts are at least as good as those of the standard block ciphers, DES and FEAL. Since portable ANSI C permits us to implement such a cipher system in the floating-point environment, Chebyshev threshold and bit sequences are excellent choices for running-key sequences in stream cipher cryptography.
The yield of maize-soybean intercropping on Mycorrhizal inoculation treatment and plant nutrition provision in suboptimal land North Lombok, Indonesia

Mycorrhizal inoculation and plant nutrition have an important role in increasing the yield of maize-soybean intercropping in suboptimal land. The experimental design used was a factorial randomized block design with two factors, the first factor was AMF inoculation which consisted of two levels, namely M0 = without AMF inoculation and M1 = with AMF inoculation, and the second factor was plant nutrition treatment. with four levels, namely U0 = without the addition of nutrients, U1 = with the addition of 100% dose of inorganic fertilizer (maize = urea 300 kg ha-1 and Phonska 200 kg ha-1, soybean = 60 kg ha-1 Urea and 120 kg ha-1 Phonska), U2 = with the addition of 100% dose of cattle manure and U3 = with the addition of 50% dose of cattle manure (6 t ha-1) plus 50% dose of inorganic fertilizer (maize = urea 150 kg ha-1 and Phonska 100 kg ha-1, soybean= 30 kg ha-1 Urea and 60 kg ha-1 Phonska). The results showed that AMF inoculation treatment and application of 50% inorganic fertilizer plus 50% organic fertilizer gave the highest yield with maize grain weight of 4.3 tons ha-1 and soybean grain weight of 0.5 tons ha-1.
On the duality condition for a Hermitian scalar field

A general Hermitian scalar field, assumed to be an operator−valued tempered distribution, is considered. A theorem which relates certain complex Lorentz transformations to the TCP transformation is stated and proved. With reference to this theorem, duality conditions are considered, and it is shown that such conditions hold under various physically reasonable assumptions about the field. A theorem analogous to Borchers’ theorem on relatively local fields is stated and proved. Local internal symmetries are discussed, and it is shown that any such symmetry commutes with the Poincare
Feedback control synthesis of multiple frequency domain specifications via generalized KYP lemma

This paper considers a control synthesis problem for linear systems to meet design specifications in terms of multiple frequency domain inequalities in (semi)finite ranges. Our approach is based on the generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov (GKYP) lemma, and dynamic output feedback controllers of order equal to the plant are considered. A new multiplier expansion is proposed to convert the synthesis condition to a linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition through a standard linearizing change of variables. In a single objective setting, the LMI condition may or may not be conservative, depending on the choice of the basis for the multiplier expansion. We provide a qualification for the basis matrix to yield non‐conservative LMI conditions. It is difficult to determine the basis matrix meeting such a qualification in general. However, it is shown that qualified bases can be found for some cases, and that the qualification condition can be used to find reasonable choices of the basis for other cases. The synthesis method is then extended to the multiple objective case where a sufficient condition is given for the existence of a controller to meet all the prescribed specifications. Finally, design examples for an active magnetic bearing are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of absorption currents in polypropylene

Charging and discharging current transients in polypropylene films were measured over a wide range of temperatures and electric fields. Some limited studies of the behaviour of these current transients were also made with different electrode materials and sample thicknesses. The experimental evidence suggests that the absorption current in the temperature range 83-270K may be caused mainly by dipolar processes associated with structural motions. At temperatures above approximately 270K the absorption current may be attributed to a carrier hopping process.