Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Flipped Classroom Learning Model to Improve Conceptual Understanding of Physics Teacher Candidates on Crystal Structure Material

The limited time allocation for lectures in the classroom is an obstacle to presenting student-centered learning. This is one of the factors that prospective physics teacher students experience conceptual difficulties, especially in crystal structure material. So the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the problem flipped classroom learning model on understanding the concepts of prospective physics teacher students on crystal structure material. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The subjects of this study were 16 students who took solid-state physics courses. Data analysis techniques were carried out using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and pretest and posttest average difference tests. Then test the N-gain to see the increase in the pretest and posttest results and continue with the effect size test using the effect size. The instrument used was a test of mastery of the concept of crystal structure material. The results of the paired sample t-test analysis show that the Problem Based Flipped Classroom significantly influences learning outcomes with a t value of 11.439 with a significance of 0.000. Students' understanding of crystal structure material has increased with an N-Gain of 0.75, which is in the high category. This means that the pretest and posttest scores have a high increase. While the results of the effect size test obtained a score of d = 2.86, which means that learning with the Problem Based Flipped Classroom has a strong effect on student learning outcomes on crystal structure material.
Development of a novel artificial intelligence algorithm to detect pulmonary nodules on chest radiography

Abstract Background: In this study, we aimed to develop a novel artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to support pulmonary nodule detection, which will enable physicians to efficiently interpret chest radiographs for lung cancer diagnosis. Methods: We analyzed chest X-ray images obtained from a health examination center in Fukushima and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Chest X-ray 14 dataset. We categorized these data into two types: type A included both Fukushima and NIH datasets, and type B included only the Fukushima dataset. We also demonstrated pulmonary nodules in the form of a heatmap display on each chest radiograph and calculated the positive probability score as an index value. Results: Our novel AI algorithms had a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74, a sensitivity of 0.75, and a specificity of 0.60 for the type A dataset. For the type B dataset, the respective values were 0.79, 0.72, and 0.74. The algorithms in both the type A and B datasets were superior to the accuracy of radiologists and similar to previous studies. Conclusions: The proprietary AI algorithms had a similar accuracy for interpreting chest radiographs when compared with previous studies and radiologists. Especially, we could train a high quality AI algorithm, even with our small type B data set. However, further studies are needed to improve and further validate the accuracy of our AI algorithm.
Is Travel Journalism more similar to Newspaper Language or the Language of Tourism? A corpus-based study

ABSTRACT The Travel section of a newspaper is composed of texts which purport to at least partly comply with the ethical value of journalistic objectivity, yet the border between this type of writing and the overtly promotional texts produced in the tourism sector is somewhat blurred. This paper compares linguistic features in samples of text from Tourist Board websites and the Travel section and nine other sections of The Guardian to determine whether Travel Journalism can be categorised as a type of journalism, or whether it bears distinct similarities to Tourism Discourse. The results suggest that Travel Journalism differs from the other newspaper sections and is quite similar to the Language of Tourism on the basis of some features. However, in relation to others, it is decidedly different, thereby suggesting that Travel Journalism can be cleared of the allegation of being unduly influenced by the texts produced by the tourism industry.
MDFS-Net: Multidomain Few Shot Classification for Hyperspectral Images With Support Set Reconstruction

Deep neural networks are highly specialized for a given task and visual domain, which can limit their practical use. To address this issue, recent studies have proposed to learn universal feature extractors that can be used across multiple domains simultaneously, inspired by the success of transfer learning (TL). However, these universal features are still inferior to specialized networks. In the context of hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, the lack of labeled training samples due to high cost and the restriction to single-domain learning further complicates the problem. To overcome these challenges, we propose a solution that combines the problems of multidomain learning (MDL) and few-shot learning (FSL) for HSI classification. Our goal is to train a highly shareable network with all domains in the low-shot training regime. We call our network the multidomain few-shot network (MDFS-Net), which shares the majority of model parameters (specifically, convolution and dense layer parameters) across domains while keeping domain-specific batch-normalization layers separate to capture domain characteristics. To address the overfitting issue in few-shot models, we supplement the main classification task with an auxiliary self-supervised task. We test our proposed method on five benchmark HSI datasets and find that MDFS-Net consistently outperforms relevant baselines convincingly. Our approach offers a promising solution for HSI classification in remote sensing (RS) by enabling the design of a unified classification system that can work with multiple HSI sites (domains) and fewer labeled samples.
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF GROUPS OF PILES AND DRILLED SHAFTS

Current procedures for designing groups of piles for lateral loading require the use of a computer or extensive manual computations. This paper presents a simple method (the group amplification procedure) for estimating pile group deflections and maximum bending moments based on the theories of Poulos, and Focht and Koch. The method is applicable to groups of drilled shafts as well as groups of piles. Group lateral deflections and the maximum bending moment in the most severely loaded pile in the group are estimated by multiplying the values for single piles by amplification factors (which have values larger than unity). Lateral deflections and maximum bending moments calculated using the group amplification procedure have been found to be in good agreement with values measured in field load tests.
Food Security Analysis of Corn Farming Households In The Buffer Area of Mandalika Special Economic Zone

The existence of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ), located in Pujut District, Central Lombok Regency, is an area adjacent to many corn cultivation areas. This condition represents strategic potential for the development of corn commodities and their derivative products. On the other hand, food security is a human right that must be fulfilled. The aim of this research is to; 1) Analyze the socio-economic conditions of corn farmers in the buffer area of Mandalika SEZ; 2) Analyze the food security of corn farmers houshold in the buffer area of Mandalika SEZ; This research was conducted using qualitative-descriptive methods. The data collection technique used interviews with respondents guided by a questionnaire with 40 respondents determined by simple random sampling. The data analysis that will be used in this research is descriptif analysis. The research results show that (1) the average total income of corn farmers is IDR. 28,960,605.28/year, this income comes from agricultural activities amounting to IDR. 23,430,722.93/year, income from non-agricultural activities of IDR. 4,164,000/year and income from other sources (Social-Assistance) of IDR. 1,365,882/year. The average total household expenditure for corn farmers is IDR. 19,506,628/year, with details of food expenditure of IDR. 11,169,548/year, and non-food expenditure of IDR. 8,337,080/year; (2) In general, respondent farmer households included the food secure category. In distribution, there are 20% of farmers who are still in the food insecure category.
Apoptotic Effect of Gallic Acid via Regulation of p-p38 and ER Stress in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 Cells Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is currently recognized as the seventh most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality among individuals of both genders. It is projected that a significant number of individuals will succumb to this disease in the forthcoming years. Extensive research and validation have been conducted on both gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil as viable therapeutic options for PC. Nevertheless, despite concerted attempts to enhance treatment outcomes, PC continues to pose significant challenges in terms of achieving effective treatment alone through chemotherapy. Gallic acid, an endogenous chemical present in various botanical preparations, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential as an anticancer agent. The results of the study demonstrated that gallic acid exerted a decline in cell viability that was dependent on its concentration. Furthermore, it efficiently suppressed cell proliferation in PC cells. This study observed a positive correlation between gallic acid and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, it confirmed the upregulation of proteins associated with the protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway, which is one of the pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, the administration of gallic acid resulted in verified alterations in the transmission of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals. Notably, an elevation in the levels of p-p38, which represents the phosphorylated state of p38 MAPK was detected. The scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), has shown inhibitory effects on phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), whereas the p38 inhibitor SB203580 inhibited C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). In both instances, the levels of PARP have been successfully reinstated. In other words, the study discovered a correlation between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the p38 signaling pathway. Consequently, gallic acid induces the activation of both the p38 pathway and the ER stress pathway through the generation of ROS, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. The outcomes of this study provide compelling evidence to support the notion that gallic acid possesses considerable promise as a viable therapeutic intervention for pancreatic cancer.
Gene Augmentation of CHM Using Non-Viral Episomal Vectors in Models of Choroideremia

Choroideremia (CHM) is an X-linked chorioretinal dystrophy leading to progressive retinal degeneration that results in blindness by late adulthood. It is caused by mutations in the CHM gene encoding the Rab Escort Protein 1 (REP1), which plays a crucial role in the prenylation of Rab proteins ensuring correct intracellular trafficking. Gene augmentation is a promising therapeutic strategy, and there are several completed and ongoing clinical trials for treating CHM using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. However, late-phase trials have failed to show significant functional improvements and have raised safety concerns about inflammatory events potentially caused by the use of viruses. Therefore, alternative non-viral therapies are desirable. Episomal scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR)-based plasmid vectors were generated containing the human CHM coding sequence, a GFP reporter gene, and ubiquitous promoters (pS/MAR-CHM). The vectors were assessed in two choroideremia disease model systems: (1) CHM patient-derived fibroblasts and (2) chmru848 zebrafish, using Western blotting to detect REP1 protein expression and in vitro prenylation assays to assess the rescue of prenylation function. Retinal immunohistochemistry was used to investigate vector expression and photoreceptor morphology in injected zebrafish retinas. The pS/MAR-CHM vectors generated persistent REP1 expression in CHM patient fibroblasts and showed a significant rescue of prenylation function by 75%, indicating correction of the underlying biochemical defect associated with CHM. In addition, GFP and human REP1 expression were detected in zebrafish microinjected with the pS/MAR-CHM at the one-cell stage. Injected chmru848 zebrafish showed increased survival, prenylation function, and improved retinal photoreceptor morphology. Non-viral S/MAR vectors show promise as a potential gene-augmentation strategy without the use of immunogenic viral components, which could be applicable to many inherited retinal disease genes.
The Reliability of Linear Speed with and without Ball Possession of Pubertal Soccer Players

Reliable fitness tests with low day-to-day and trial-to-trial variation are a prerequisite for tracking a player’s performance or for identifying meaningful changes in training interventions. The present study examined the inter- and intra-session reliability of 30 m linear speed with and without ball possession as well as the reliability of a specific performance index of pubertal soccer players. A total of 40 pubertal (14.87 ± 1.23 years old) male soccer players performed two testing sessions (test–retest) separated by 72 h. Both testing sessions included a protocol consisting of two maximal trials of 30 m linear speed with and without ball possession. A performance index, indicating the difference between the two speed tests, was also calculated using two different equations (delta value and percentage value). The relative and absolute inter-session reliabilities were good/high for all testing variables (ICC = 0.957–0.995; SEM% = 0.62–8.83). There were also good/high relative and absolute intra-session reliabilities observed for all testing variables (ICC = 0.974–0.987; SEM% = 1.26–6.70%). According to the Bland–Altman plots, the differences between test–retest and trials for all observations were within the defined 95% limits of agreement. The reliable testing protocols and performance index for the evaluation of linear speed with and without ball possession, observed in this study, may be used in speed monitoring and training planning of pubertal soccer players.
The triboelectric sensor based on PDMS/SGO for human running posture and physical fitness health monitoring

ABSTRACT Recently, research about the intelligent sports equipment based on triboelectric sensor for athlete posture monitoring has made progress. However, the exploration of new triboelectric materials remains an important challenge to be faced. Hence, we ingeniously design a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/silanized graphite oxide (SGO)-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PS-TENG) for running posture and physical health monitoring. The introduction of SGO has improved the electron capture capability of PDMS, thereby achieving high output of PS-TENG. From the results, under an 60 MΩ resistance, the power density of PS-TENG reaches a peak of 1780 mW·m−2. Furthermore, athletes undergo various postures during the running process, so monitoring special postures is very meaningful, such as jogging, long jump, walking, etc. Especially, according to the self-charging mechanism, PS-TENG can indirectly evaluate physical energy analysis during running by storing electrical energy in capacitors. This triboelectric sensor can assist in posture monitoring and physical fitness monitoring during running.
The Anti-Oxidant Curcumin Solubilized as Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsions or Chitosan Nanocapsules Effectively Reduces Helicobacter pylori Growth, Bacterial Biofilm Formation, Gastric Cell Adhesion and Internalization

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represents a major risk factor associated with the development of gastric cancer. The anti-oxidant curcumin has been ascribed many benefits to human health, including bactericidal effects. However, these effects are poorly reproducible because the molecule is extremely unstable and water insoluble. Here we solubilized curcumin as either nanoemulsions or chitosan nanocapsules and tested the effects on H. pylori. The nanoemulsions were on average 200 nm in diameter with a PdI ≤ 0.16 and a negative zeta potential (−54 mV), while the nanocapsules were 305 nm in diameter with a PdI ≤ 0.29 and a positive zeta potential (+68 mV). Nanocapsules were safer than nanoemulsions when testing effects on the viability of GES-1 gastric cells. Also, nanocapsules were more efficient than nanoemulsions at inhibiting H. pylori growth (minimal inhibitory concentration: 50 and 75 μM, respectively), whereby chitosan contributed to this activity. Importantly, both formulations effectively diminished H. pylori’s adherence to and internalization by GES-1 cells, as well as biofilm formation. In summary, the demonstrated activity of the curcumin nanoformulations described here against H. pylori posit them as having great potential to treat or complement other therapies currently in use against H. pylori infection.
“MEMORY STRESS”: physical and mathematical modelling of the influence of water-working on sediment entrainment and transport

Recent research has indicated that variability of antecedent flows is a fundamental control on the entrainment and transport of sediment in river systems. Specifically, the low flows between successive floods appear to have a far greater influence on the stability of a river bed than previously assumed. Increased durations of low flows increase sand-gravel bed stability so as to delay entrainment and significantly reduce transport. Although a degree of quantification of “memory stress” effects has been attempted by previous researchers, their applied methodology precludes development of appropriate mathematical relationships implicit to correcting existing sediment transport equations. The overall aim of this thesis is therefore to address this deficiency via robust physical and mathematical modelling. In total, 84 flume experiments were carried out in a flume. Two poorly sorted (g ≥1.6) sand-gravel mixtures of unimodal and bimodal distribution were compared and contrasted for sensitivity of modality to memory effects upon bedload and entrainment threshold. Five memory timescales (10, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes) were tested and contrasted with baseline data obtained for runs performed without any memory. Experiments employed a stepped discharge hydrograph covering sub-threshold to fully mobile conditions. A reference transport based approach was employed to determine entrainment threshold, and to develop mathematical descriptors of memory effects. Results show that increasing memory timescales up to 240 minutes increases entrainment thresholds ( ) by up to 49% whilst subsequent transport decreases by up to 97%. The memory effect prevails non-linearly for the range of low flows of non-dimensional transport between 10-6 to 10-1. Using these flume data, novel mathematical functions for bedload are developed to account for the influence of memory timescales. Here, memory is described via rising exponents of the function to quantify degree of non-linearity of transport to shear stress, and changes in the structure of the bed due to memory are represented within a lumped coefficient. Trends in the suite of exponents and coefficients indicate that changes in bed structure are of greater importance than the shift in non-linearity of bedload. Hence, the first framework for correcting existing graded sediment formulae for memory stress has been effectively developed using a scaling of the granular scale roughness parameter, An. Predicted results are calibrated and validated against available memory stress datasets from both field and laboratory based studies. Results show that without memory correction, over 80% of estimates fail to predict measured bedload effectively; once An based correction is applied, 100% of data are predicted effectively.
Systematic Review of Nomograms Used for Predicting Pathological Complete Response in Early Breast Cancer

Pathological complete response (pCR) is an important surrogate outcome to assess the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Nomograms to predict pCR have been developed with local data to better select patients who are likely to benefit from NAC; however, they were never critically reviewed regarding their internal and external validity. The purpose of this systematic review was to critically appraise nomograms published in the last 20 years (2010–2022). Articles about nomograms were searched in databases, such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane. A total of 1120 hits were found, and seven studies were included for analyses. No meta-analysis could be performed due to heterogeneous reports on outcomes, including the definition of pCR and subtypes. Most nomograms were developed in Asian centers, and nonrandomized retrospective cohorts were the most common sources of data. The most common subtype included in the studies was triple negative (50%). There were articles that included HER2+ (>80%). In one study, scholars performed additional validation of the nomogram using DFS and OS as outcomes; however, there was a lack of clarity on how such endpoints were measured. Nomograms to predict pCR cannot be extrapolated to other settings due to local preferences/availability of NAC. The main gaps identified in this review are also opportunities for future nomogram research and development.
It's in the Blood: Negotiations of the Australian Rugby 'Field' by Pacific Islanders

In the past decade, government at all levels has attempted to utilise sport as a vehicle for achieving a range of social ends including improved public health, intervention for ‘at risk’ youth, and inclusion and integration of various migrant groups. A key premise behind the belief in the power of sport is its capacity to create social capital for those who play it. Pacific Island and Maori men are grossly over-represented at most levels of rugby in Australia suggesting the sport’s enormous success at achieving its aforementioned aims. Drawing on life histories, this paper investigates the stories of these migrant men and their experiences of rugby union in Australia. Specifically we examine how they account for their own and other Pacific Islanders’ involvement and success. We find that the central theme of ‘blood’ is variously utilised either in terms of biological determinism or cultural history to make sense of Pacific Islanders’ performance in rugby. As bodies inscribed from a variety of contexts, we suggest that rugby reproduces a relatively narrow and short term species of capital from the perspective of Australian society whilst simultaneously producing more enduring power and identity within the field of Pacific Island diaspora. When performance in sport is underpinned by a bio-racist logic and specific cultural history the overwhelming commonsense that ensues is experienced at an embodied level.