Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Financial Leverage, Arus Kas Bebas, Profitabilitas Dan Struktur Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Manajemen Laba

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh financial leverage, arus kas bebas, profitabilitas dan struktur kepemilikan institusional terhadap manajemen laba. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang berupa laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan yang diperoleh dari website Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampelnya adalah perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2014-2019 dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan diperoleh 14 perusahaan sebagai sampel dengan 84 data amatan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa variabel profitabilitas berpengaruh positif terhadap manajemen laba, variabel arus kas bebas berpengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba. Sedangkan variabel financial leverage dan struktur kepemilikan institusional tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap manajemen laba. This research aimed to examine the effect of financial leverage, free cash flow, profitability and institutional ownership structure on earnings management. This research's data source is secondary data in the form of company annual financial report obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The samples are food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2014-2019. The sample selection used purposive sampling technique and obtained 14 companies as samples with 84 observational data. The data analysis method used multiple linear regression analysis. This study indicates that the profitability variable has a positive effect on earnings management, the free cash flow variable has a negative effect on earnings management. While, financial leverage and institutional ownership structure variable don't affect earnings management.
Seismic design of multiple‐rocking systems: A gradient‐based optimization approach

Self‐centering concentrically braced frames (SC‐CBFs) have shown many advantages towards structural damage‐free seismic behavior. These systems could be designed either with a single rocking section at the base or with multiple rocking sections along their height. Initial design methodologies for both cases have been proposed with an emphasis on the former case. These methods focused on simplicity of the design process and mostly relied on parametric studies. Thus, the obtained designs may violate some displacement constraints when verified using nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) or lead to conservative designs that may be expensive. Furthermore, focusing on simplicity, these methods are tailored for regular structures. This paper takes a different approach that leads to minimum cost designs for irregular structures that satisfy the constraints exactly when verified using NLTHA. The proposed approach allows for multiple rocking sections along the height of the designed buildings, if these lead to cost reductions. Of course, this comes with more demanding computing resources. Nevertheless, these are kept reasonable for practical use on a personal computer. For that purpose, the NLTHA is performed using the computationally efficient Mixed Lagrangian Formalism. Furthermore, an efficient gradient‐based optimization framework is developed. The framework is applied for the design of 8, 12, and 20‐story spine SC‐CBFs and an irregular 12‐story building with a setback level. These have shown promising results while revealing also non‐traditional designs. This demonstrates the power of using optimization for the design of these lateral load resisting systems.
Water demands and biomass production of sorghum and maize plants in areas with insufficient precipitation in Central Europe

be an alternative for maize (Zea mays L.) in the arid areas. Water stress strongly reduced the yield of maize (Ort and Long 2014, Lobell et al. 2014) whereas higher resistance of sorghum to water stress has been documented by Rosenow et al. (1983) and Schittenhelm and Schroetter (2014). Sorghum produces comparable biomass to maize when water is the limiting factor (Rooney et al. 2007, Zegada-Lizarazu et al. 2012). In Central Europe, the sowing date of sorghum is postponed from the maize by 14 to 25 days because of higher requirement on soil temperature (Brant et al. 2011). This delay leads to shorter vegetation and it can affect the overall water consumption of sorghum in contrast to maize. Later sorghum sowing date is associated with a delay in crop maturing, which can be a reason for higher sorghum water consumption before harvest. Moroke et al. (2005) described that the sorghum delay in maturing, compared to sunflower, contributed to higher sorghum water uptake at the end of its vegetation. Tolk and Howell (2003) reported lower water consumption of sorghum in mild climatic conditions in comparison with arid areas. In humid years, evapotranspiration of sorghum canopy was higher than in maize, however, an opposite effect was observed in normal and dry years (Pan et al. 2011). Howell et al. (1994) published higher values of seasonal evapotranspiration of irrigated maize in contrast to sorghum canopies. Bowen ratio balance method (BREB) represents one of the methods for the assessment of actual evapotranspiration. The use of the sap flow method Water demands and biomass production of sorghum and maize plants in areas with insufficient precipitation in Central Europe
Voting and Social Media-Based Political Participation

Does online political involvement reinforce or compensate participatory deficiencies at the polls? Extant survey evidence portrays online participation as a weapon of the strong, wielded by a highly politically involved, white, and affluent subset of the American electorate. Surveys face systematic sampling and measurement errors in the domain of political participation, though. In this study, I revisit this question using individual voter registration records that I integrate with observed Twitter activity. Based on a large sample that reflects Florida’s voting-eligible population, I find that political involvement on Twitter is prevalent across the electorate and extends to those most likely to abstain from voting. Moreover, race and income, which are salient dividing lines in voting, do not structure social media-based political participation. These results challenge reinforcement theory and substantiate social media’s compensatory potential for more inclusive representation. I discuss implications for political representation and future research examining political involvement.
Prevalence and Clinical Presentations of Postpartum Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Iranian Pregnant Women

Introduction: Pregnancy, childbirth, and maternity are correlated with the heightened risk of the evolvement of postpartum obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This study aimed to inquire about the prevalence rate, clinical presentations, and relevant factors of postpartum Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms (OCS). Method: This cross-sectional study evaluated OCD in the postpartum period of women referred to the Imam Hospital in Sari, Mazandaran province, Iran. The sample population included 359 pregnant women who delivered their babies during the first half of 2018. The samples were taken using the convenience sampling method. Patients who scored 12 or higher in the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory completed the Yale-Browne Obsessive-Compulsive Scale self-report, and the Life Event Checklist were included in the study. Finally, data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24. Results: The 359 mothers were in the range of 14 to 35 years old. Accordingly, 62.1% (223) were urban women while 37.9% (136) were rural, 20.6% (74) had preterm infants, 56.8% (204) term infants, and 22.3% (80) were post-term. Maudsley’s test showed that 48.5% (174) of the mothers had a positive OCD result. The total scorein Yale-Brown was significant, and had a reverse correlation with the mother’s residency (t = -173, p = 0.02) and significant correlation with the age of a pregnancy (t = 269, p= 0.001(. Conclusion: According to the results of the Maudsley test, women are at risk of OCD during the postpartum period. Actually, OCD affects the mother-baby relation, mother’s anxiety, and depression and should be addressed during womens’ postpartum clinical care.
Evaluation of sludge handling using acidification and sequential aluminum coagulant recovery: case study of El-Sheikh Zayed WTP

Huge amounts of water treatment sludge are wasted annually in Egypt. One common practice of sludge handling is to discharge into waterways or by disposal after drying into landfills. Currently, there is a critical need for sustainable solutions that provide environmental protection as well as benefits for water producers. Coagulant recovery is not new but is still a good solution for sludge handling and reduction of operational costs. This work aims at completing the picture on coagulant recovery from alum sludge in El-Sheikh Zayed water treatment plant (ESZ-WTP) by acidification using hydrochloric acid. This study also investigates the effect of sequential recovery on the efficiency of the coagulant and treated water quality. Sludge characterization was done through determination of metals9 concentration and composition, water content and organic matter concentration. The influence of acid concentration, sludge mass, acid/sludge mass ratio, mixing speed, temperature, and mixing time on aluminum leaching was studied. At optimum values of these parameters, 82.4% aluminum recovery was obtained. In addition, repeated recoveries were carried out at lab scale using raw water from ESZ-WTP. Our research revealed that recovered coagulant can be used for three times9 recoveries as the trihalomethanes remain within acceptable limits.
Exploring network mechanisms to organizations’ influence reputation: a case of collaborative disaster response

ABSTRACT This study examines the different mechanisms through which network configurations explain organizations' influence reputation in a collaborative disaster response network. Using network data collected from public and non-profit organizations who participated in the disaster response of 2016 Jiangsu Tornado, the study finds that organizations’ influence reputation is explained both by how well organizations are connected in the network (connectivity degree), and with whom they are connected (composition of ego networks). Evidence from two types of network ties (communication and coordination) in the disaster response highlights the different effects of network configurations associated with different levels of network activities.
Cytomorphological Profile of Thyroid Lesions on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

Background and Objectives: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid offers an alternative, as an immediate, preliminary procedure associated with low cost, little trauma and complications. Being superficial and easily accessible it is an ideal organ for FNAC. It is useful in diagnosis of inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytomorphological profile of thyroid lesions on FNAC with application of Bethesda system for reporting and perform cyto-histopathology correlation whenever possible with regards to age and sex distribution. Methodology: This two-year prospective study was conducted in the Cytology section of Pathology Department & included 243 cases of thyroid gland enlargement. The detailed history of the patient including age, sex, presenting symptoms and duration of thyroid gland enlargement along with any other significant findings was note. FNAC was performed as per the protocol using a 23-gauge needle and smears stained using Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and Papanicolaou stain, while air-dried smears were stained with Giemsa stain. Results: The study period included a total of 243 FNACs of thyroid enlargement. The age of patients ranged from 10 to 80 years with male to female ratio of 1.4. The diagnosis on FNAC was as follows Colloid Goitre (54.7 %), Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (9.54%), Follicular Neoplasm (7.05%), Hashimoto Thyroiditis (5.80 %), Benign Thyroid Lesions (3.31%) and Multinodular Goitre (2.90%). Conclusion: Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology has proven to be a first line tool to evaluate the thyroid lesions because of its cost effectiveness and high patient acceptance. Fine needle aspiration cytology is highly successful in triaging patients with thyroid nodules into operative and non-operative groups and enables surgeons to take an early decision regarding mode of treatment. The Bethesda system for reporting of thyroid lesions aims at standardization of reports. It makes the cytology report unambiguous and clinically relevant. Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, thyroid lesions.
Potentials of Microorganisms in Human Health

There are large numbers of powerful species of microorganisms present within our bodies that make up the diverse human microbiomes. Microbiomes, the collective genomes of the microorganisms in a particular environment, support and maintain our health, but they are disturbed in some fashion in case of the presence of some diseases such as autoimmune diseases and cancer. Different food products provide different growth conditions for microorganisms. Microbial growth is also controlled by some factors such as pH, nutrients, moisture content, temperature, relative humidity, and gases. Thus the growth of microorganisms in optimum conditions results in spoilage and degradation of food products resulting in a sour or foul-smelling, in addition to a visible change in color, effervescences on the food surface, etc. Microbial contamination of food can occur at any point in the food production process starting from growth, harvesting, transport, storage, or final preparation. A variety of environmental factors can influence intestinal microbial imbalance, which has a close relationship with human health and disease. There are many numerous potential probiotics or beneficial bacteria that may prevent or treat certain diseases such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. On the other hand, a few destructive microorganisms play a major role in the development and progression of major human diseases such as infectious diseases, liver diseases, gastrointestinal cancers, metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases, mental or psychological diseases, and autoimmune diseases. With the increased understanding of the relationship between the human microbiome and a variety of diseases, the use of these findings to predict or diagnose diseases has attracted a great deal of attention. Thus, the aim of the present work was to review briefly the role of microorganisms in human health, during the development of autoimmune and tumor diseases. This review article also includes microbiota diversity, colonization, and normalization of perturbed intestinal microbial communities, the safety of gastrointestinal tract, and the beneficial role of probiotics.
An Online Portfolio Assessment and Perception Study of Iranian High School Students’ English Writing Performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic

With the abrupt emergence and dissemination of the COVID-19 pandemic, the traditional face-to-face classes were replaced by online classes in Iran. This quick shift has put great demands on finding and practicing new methods to teach and learn English in high schools. Owing to this urgent call, the present study follows a two-fold purpose. Firstly, it purports to disclose the effects of online portfolio assessment (PA) on developing Iranian high school students’ English writing skills. Secondly, it aims to excavate the Iranian high school students’ perceptions about the merits of online PA in cultivating their writing skills. To meet the aims, an intact second-grade class, including female students (n = 25), was chosen in Shahed public high school in Borujerd City. The class received online instruction (sixteen sessions lasting 90 minutes) based on the tenets of PA (e.g., collection, selection, and reflection). Then, a focus group interview was conducted with five of the active participants. Findings evidenced a significant improvement in the participants’ writing skills owing to the instruction. Additionally, the results of the focus group interview yielded some themes about the benefits of PA as perceived by Iranian high school students: ‘developing students’ autonomy’; ‘fostering a sense of belonging to classroom community’; ‘providing a comprehensive analysis of students’ writing proficiency’; ‘collecting empirical evidence on students’ gradual improvement in writing’; ‘training self-regulated students’; and ‘making classes student-centered by teachers-as-advisors’. Finally, a range of implications is presented to various stakeholders.
Application of calcium nitrate with phosphorus promotes rhizosphere alkalization in acid subsoil

Combatting subsoil acidity is a challenge as the incorporation of lime in subsurface layers may not be economically feasible. The use of nitrate to facilitate plant excess anion uptake has shown the potential to increase soil pH. A column experiment was carried out to demonstrate this root‐induced alkalization in various depths in an acid soil with pH 4.28 (0.01 M CaCl2). It consisted of two types of nitrogen (N) fertilizers (urea and Ca(NO3)2, both at 5 atom% 15N enrichment) banded at a depth of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm or 20–30 cm, with phosphorus (P) fertilizer (NaH2PO4) at 150 mg P per column either applied to the N layers (N+P) or evenly mixed into the remaining layers without N addition (N‐P). Aluminium‐tolerant wheat (ET8) was used as test plants, receiving an initial N dose of 60 mg kg−1 soil at sowing and an additional dose of 30 mg kg−1 every 10 days from 40 days after sowing. Plants had a total N supply of 90 mg N kg−1 at 50 days and 180 mg N kg−1 at 80 days after sowing. The N+P treatments increased plant N uptake and increased rhizosphere and bulk soil pH. Nitrate placement increased pH of treated layers by up to 0.4 and 0.2 units in the rhizosphere and bulk soils, respectively, compared with the control at Day 80. Rhizosphere alkalization was greater with deeper N+P treatments as these encouraged the proliferation of deeper roots in the treated layer. The form of N and the application method of P fertilizer had no effect on shoot biomass over 80 days of growth. The N+P treatments had 7% higher 15N recovery of fertilizer in plants than the N‐P treatments. The current study also showed that P fertilizer enhanced rhizosphere alkalization induced by calcium nitrate. The results suggest that the use of nitrate fertilizer with P treatments can facilitate alkalization of acid subsoils.
Temporal Patterns of Methane Emissions From Two Streams With Different Riparian Connectivity

Streams are regionally important sources of CH4 to the atmosphere, but the temporal variability in and control on CH4 concentrations and emissions are not well understood. Especially, lack of long‐term data hampers our ability to predict CH4 emissions from streams. Here, we present a 7‐year data set of biweekly CH4 concentration and underlying potential drivers from two adjacent small German streams with contrasting riparian area characteristics. Over the 7‐year study period, mean CH4 concentration and emissions were 0.20 and 0.07 μmol L−1 and 2.01 and 0.84 mmol m−2 d−1 for the two streams, respectively. Our findings suggest that the combination of seasonality and topography ultimately shaped the considerable temporal variations of CH4. CH4 oxidation and production in the streams were probably of minor importance. Instead, fluctuations in CH4 concentrations likely reflected a temporal pattern of CH4 input from soils of the riparian zone with larger CH4 variations in the stream with more riparian lands. Structural equation modeling revealed dissolved organic carbon and nitrate as important predictors of CH4 concentration. However, we did not identify predictors of the considerable short‐term variability, nor the explicit pathways of CH4 delivery to streams. The discrepancy of the CH4 flux between streams was likely triggered by different connectivities to riparian soils with higher CH4 emissions in the hydrologically more connected stream. Interannual comparison showed that changing hydrologic conditions, rather than warming, may impact future CH4 emissions from temperate streams. We predict that higher CH4 emissions occur in wetter years in streams with close connectivity to riparian soils.
Review of Geochemical and Geo-Mechanical Impact of Clay-Fluid Interactions Relevant to Hydraulic Fracturing

Shale rocks are an integral part of petroleum systems. Though, originally viewed primarily as source and seal rocks, introduction of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies have essentially redefined the role of shale rocks in unconventional reservoirs. In the geological setting, the deposition, formation and transformation of sedimentary rocks are characterised by interactions between their clay components and formation fluids at subsurface elevated temperatures and pressures. The main driving forces in evolution of any sedimentary rock formation are geochemistry (chemistry of solids and fluids) and geomechanics (earth stresses). During oil and gas production, clay minerals are exposed to engineered fluids, which initiate further reactions with significant implications. Application of hydraulic fracturing in shale formations also means exposure and reaction between shale clay minerals and hydraulic fracturing fluids. This chapter presents an overview of currently available published literature on interactions between formation clay minerals and fluids in the subsurface. The overview is particularly focused on the geochemical and geomechanical impacts of interactions between formation clays and hydraulic fracturing fluids, with the goal to identify knowledge gaps and new research questions on the subject.
Teaching Sustainable Responsibility through Informal Undergraduate Design Education

Recent reports, initiatives, and activities around higher education institutions revealed the relevance and value of sustainability education through both formal curriculum and informal curriculum activities. While the significance of sustainability education has continuously improved by raising awareness among new generations of students, it has not adequately promoted pro-environmental behaviors or attitude changes. This research study used a linear pretest–posttest experimental approach to understand whether two codesigned interventions; a trash and recycling bin system, and a Materials Exchange program, could improve sustainability literacy and material conservation behaviors across the School of Design. Additionally, a mid-experiment focus group study was conducted to provide text-rich data for analysis of 3R behaviors. Analysis of the data collected revealed that these interventions were reasonably successful in improving responsible material management. To have a greater impact on sustainable behavior, it is suggested that a formal educational experience should supplement the informal interventions described in this paper to onboard students as they enter the design studio culture. Additionally, the expansion of the trash and recycling bin station system into the university dormitories is discussed. This work has successfully catalyzed a collaboration between all School of Design stakeholders to address studio waste in a tangible way.