Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Changes in Terrestrial Hydrological Components Due to Climate Change in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

A mesoscale evaluation is performed to determine the impacts of climate change on terrestrial hydrological components and the Net Irrigation Water Requirement (NIWR) throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The Noah-MP land surface model is calibrated and evaluated against the observed datasets of United States Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow gages, actual evapotranspiration from USGS Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) Model and soil moisture from Soil Analysis Climate Network (SCAN). Six best performing Global Climate Models (GCM) based on Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) scheme are included for two future scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), to assess the change in water balance components, change in NIWR for two dominant crops (corn and soybeans) and uncertainty in GCM projections. Using these long-term simulations, the flood inundation maps are developed for future scenarios along the Susquehanna River including the City of Harrisburg in Pennsylvania. The HEC-RAS 2D model is calibrated and evaluated against the high-water marks from major historical flood events and the stage-discharge relationship of the available USGS streamgages. Finally, the impacts of climate change are assessed on flood inundation depth and extent by comparing a 30-yr and 100-yr flood event based on the historical and future (scenario-based) peak discharge estimates at the USGS streamgages. Interestingly, flood inundation extent and severity predicted by the model along the Susquehanna River near Harrisburg is expected to rise in the future climate scenarios due to the greater frequency of extreme events increasing total precipitation. Evaluating Changes in Terrestrial Hydrological Components Due to Climate Change in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Three loop calculations and inclusive Vcb

Article history: Received 13 July 2021 Received in revised form 19 September 2021 Accepted 22 September 2021 Available online 27 September 2021 Editor: B. Grinstein We discuss the impact of the recent O(α3 s ) calculations of the semileptonic width of the b quark and of the relation between pole and kinetic heavy quark masses by Fael et al. on the inclusive determination of |V cb|. The most notable effect is a reduction of the uncertainty. Our final result is |V cb| = 42.16(51) 10−3. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.
Evaluation of Cases of Genital Malignancies in Female at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand

Background: Gynecological cancers are the most common cancers in women and hence an important public health issue. Over 70 % of patient report for diagnostic and treatment services at an advanced stage of disease, resulting in poor survival and high mortality rates. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological characteristic of 500 cases of genital malignancies and to determine the cause and risk factor and also the treatment modalities and their outcome. Methods: The study includes all malignancies of genital tract diagnosed in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi during the period June 2016 to October 2017. Results: A total number of 46, 963 patients attended to the institute, out of which 500 patients were diagnosed with genital carcinoma. Our study showed that 78.2 % of cases were diagnosed as carcinoma cervix, 16 % were ovarian cancer and 5 % were endometrial cancer. Conclusion: Cancer cervix is the commonest type of gynecological malignancies followed ovarian cancer. Efforts towards prevention of these cancers should be directed primarily to health education and screening for premalignant lesions of the female genital tract especially cervical cancer.
DMSO_A_339954 4715..4721

1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea; 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is associated with the risk of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 357 patients with T2DM were investigated in this cross-sectional study. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between FGF19 level and diabetic retinopathy. Results: Serum FGF19 level was significantly lower in patients with diabetic retinopathy in those without diabetic retinopathy. The multivariable analysis revealed a significant association between serum FGF19 level and diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio for every 1 standard deviation increase in logarithmic value = 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.51–0.94, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Serum FGF19 level was negatively associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with T2DM.
Relationship between Freeway Flow Parameters and Safety and Its Implications for Hard Shoulder Running

Decisions to run traffic on freeway shoulders during peak periods are motivated by the need to relieve congestion. Practicing traffic engineers generally believe that the decreased congestion resulting from running traffic on hard shoulders (i.e., hard shoulder running) is associated with some unspecified degree of improved safety, yet the majority of researchers agree that accident rates increase as the number of lanes increase, even if full shoulders are provided. Despite many years of modern road building, these conflicting views have not been reconciled. This paper first examines the relationship of traffic flow parameters, such as volume, density, and speed, to safety with calibrated performance functions of corridor-specific safety. On the basis of an understanding of this relationship, a possible explanation of the effect on safety of hard shoulder running is formulated. Empirical examination of the relationship of flow, density, and speed to the crash rate on selected freeways in Colorado suggests that as flow increases, the crash rate initially remains constant until a certain critical threshold combination of speed and density is reached. Once this threshold is exceeded, the crash rate rises rapidly. This rapid rise in crash rate may be caused by an increase in density without a notable reduction in speed and the resultant small headways that make it difficult or impossible for drivers to compensate for error. This model suggests that during hard shoulder running, crash rates decline because of the lower traffic volume or density per lane and that the safety benefits of a reduced volume or density per lane outweigh the adverse effects of the lack of provision of a full shoulder.
Effectiveness Hypnotheraphy for Postpartum Primipara Depression Scale

Introduction: The majority of postpartum primipara signs of anxiety are often overlooked due to lack of awareness of the impact of later life on the child's mother, husband or other family relationships which will be a psychological burden for primipara. Methods: Quasy experiment non-equivalent control group design with non-parametric data analyzed. Postpartum primipara depression scale are measured periodically pre test, first home visit, second home visit, third home visit and post test. Experiment got 40 primiparas at maternity hospital period March to May 2018. Results: Treatment and control group decrease. Significantly the anxiety level scale. Conclusion: Postpartum primipara has sensitive period during 1-8 postpartum days. After 8 postpartum days, primipara can handle everything as a new mother well.
Coin it up: Generalization of creative constructions in the wild

Language is inherently flexible: people continually generalize over observed data to produce creative linguistic expressions. This process is constrained by a wide range of factors, whose interaction is not fully understood. We present a novel study of the creative use of verb constructions “in the wild”, in a very large social media corpus. Our first experiment confirms on this large-scale data the important interaction of category variability and item similarity within creative extensions in actual language use. Our second experiment confirms the novel hypothesis that low-frequency exemplars may play a role in generalization by signaling the area of semantic space where creative coinages occur.
TIGIT as a therapeutic target of HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of treatment-naive, human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-positive HNSCC) was interrogated at single-cell level to identify influential immune checkpoints as therapeutic targets. Single-cell transcriptome profiling revealed enrichment of numerous cell-cell interactions mediated by TIGIT-PVR/NECTIN2 in the TIME of HPV-positive HNSCC versus normal tonsil. TIGIT was the most differentially upregulated immune checkpoint on clonally expanded CD8+ T cells and was abundant on antigen-experienced, tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cell and T-regulatory subsets. TIGIT ligands PVR/NECTIN1/2 were abundant on mature regulatory dendritic cells (DCs), immunosuppressive plasmacytoid DCs, and macrophages. TIGIT and PD-1 co-blockade in the mEER murine model of HPV-positive HNSCC significantly reduced tumor growth, improved survival, restored effector function of HPV16 E7-specific CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and DCs, and conferred tumor re-challenge protection. This immunogenetic analysis at single-cell resolution focusing on HPV-positive HNSCC identified TIGIT as a rational therapeutic target.
Comparative magnitude and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination responses on a population level in Germany

Background While SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations were successful in decreasing COVID-19 caseloads, recent increases in SARS-CoV-2 infections have led to questions about duration and quality of the subsequent immune response. While numerous studies have been published on immune responses triggered by vaccination, these often focused on the initial peak response generated in specific population subgroups (e.g. healthcare workers or immunocompromised individuals) and have often only examined the effects of one or two different immunisation schemes. Methods and Findings We analysed serum samples from participants of a large German seroprevalence study (MuSPAD) who had received all available vaccines and dose schedules (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, AZD1222, Ad26.CoV2S.2 or a combination of AZD1222 plus either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2). Antibody titers against various SARS-CoV-2 antigens and ACE2 binding inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and the Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants of concern were analysed using a previously published multiplex immunoassay MULTICOV-AB and an ACE2-RBD competition assay. Among the different vaccines and their dosing regimens, homologous mRNA-based or heterologous prime-boost vaccination produced significantly higher antibody responses than vector-based homologous vaccination. Ad26.CoV2S. 2 performance was significantly reduced, even compared to AZD1222, with 91.67% of samples being considered non-responsive forACE2 binding inhibition. mRNA-based vaccination induced a higher ratio of RBD- and S1-targeting antibodies than vector-based vaccination, which resulted in an increased proportion of S2-targeting antibodies. Previously infected individuals had a robust immune response once vaccinated, regardless of which vaccine they received. When examining antibody kinetics post-vaccination after homologous immunisation regimens, both titers and ACE2 binding inhibition peaked approximately 28 days post-vaccination and then decreased as time increased. Conclusions As one of the first and largest population-based studies to examine vaccine responses for all currently available immunisation schemes in Germany, we found that homologous mRNA or heterologous vaccination elicited the highest immune responses. The high percentage of non-responders for Ad26.CoV2. S requires further investigation and suggests that a booster dose with an mRNA-based vaccine may be necessary. The high responses seen in recovered and vaccinated individuals could aid future dose allocation, should shortages arise for certain manufacturers. Given the role of RBD- and S1-specific antibodies in neutralising SARS-CoV-2, their relative over-representation after mRNA vaccination may explain why mRNA vaccines have an increased efficacy compared to vector-based formulations. Further investigation on these differences will be of particular interest for vaccine development and efficacy, especially for the next-generation of vector-based vaccines.
Project Work Speaker Recognition & Diarization on Realistic Data

In this Thesis, we tried to build upon and improve the results of previous speaker diarization systems developed at ZHAW. Speaker diarization deals with the task of automatically determining when which person has spoken and for how long, without prior knowledge of the characteristics of individual subjects with respect to their voices. [1] Speaker diarization technology could serve a wide range of applications, for example, recordings could be made during a conference using a smartphone, and the speaker diarization system would then automatically label the data to support the creation of transcripts. Traditionally, speaker diarization systems were built using statistical methods such as Hidden Markov Models. More recently [1], deep learning methods such as Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Network have also found application in this field. In this Thesis, we examined a system based on a recurrent neural network. The VoxCeleb dataset was used to train the model to improve its ability to deal more accurately with real-world applications. However, we were not able to achieve meaningful results with the loss function of the existing codebase and therefore were not able to replicate the results of the previous clustering experiments. Instead, we researched multiple new approaches and improved upon the existing codebase. We looked at the characteristics of the existing system and were able to implement two concrete approaches to optimization. Additionally, we examined three existing systems dealing with speaker identification and verification on the VoxCeleb dataset, which allowed us to define a set of further enhancements to the original system. We also propose a novel procedure for splitting the VoxCeleb dataset, to better adapt it to the requirements of the Clustering Experiment.
New Interval-Specific Phylodynamic Models Improve Inference of the Geographic History of Disease Outbreaks

Phylodynamic methods reveal the spatial and temporal dynamics of viral geographic spread, and have featured prominently in studies of the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtually all previous studies are based on phylodynamic models that assume---despite direct and compelling evidence to the contrary---that rates of viral geographic dispersal are constant through time. Here, we: (1) extend phylodynamic models to allow both the average and relative rates of viral dispersal to vary independently between pre-specified time intervals; (2) implement methods to infer the number and timing of viral dispersal events between areas; and (3) develop statistics to assess the absolute fit of phylodynamic models to empirical datasets. We first validate our new methods using analyses of simulated data, and then apply them to a SARS-CoV-2 dataset from the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. We show that: (1) under simulation, failure to accommodate interval-specific variation in the study data will severely bias parameter estimates; (2) in practice, our interval-specific phylodynamic models can significantly improve the relative and absolute fit to empirical data; and (3) the increased realism of our interval-specific phylodynamic models provides qualitatively different inferences regarding key aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic---revealing significant temporal variation in global viral dispersal rates, viral dispersal routes, and number of viral dispersal events between areas---and alters interpretations regarding the efficacy of intervention measures to mitigate the pandemic.
Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 Boosting of BNT162b2 Vaccinated Individuals

Previous studies have reported that a third dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) COVID-19 vaccine increased antibody titers and protective efficacy. Here we compare humoral and cellular immune responses in 65 individuals who were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine and were boosted after at least 6 months with either Ad26.COV2. S (Johnson & Johnson; N=41) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer; N=24).
Persistent Symptoms among Frontline Health Workers Post-Acute COVID-19 Infection

Background: Growing evidence shows that a significant number of patients with COVID19 experience prolonged/persistent symptoms, also known as Long COVID. Reports of Long COVID are rising but little is known about prevalence in non-hospitalized patients. Objective: We sought to identify the persistent symptoms of COVID19 in frontline workers at Right to Care (RTC) South Africa who have past the acute phase of illness with a view to establishing rehabilitation programs for its employees and the community at large. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey. We analysed data from 207 eligible COVID19 positive RTC frontline workers who participated in a post-COVID online self-administered survey. The survey was active for two months. Frequencies and median were calculated for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results: The survey response rate was 30% (62 out of 207); of the 62 respondents with a median age of 33.5 years (IQR= 30 to 44 years), 47 (76%) were females. The majority (n=55; 88.7%) self-isolated and 7 (11.3%) were admitted to hospital at time of diagnosis. The most common comorbid condition reported was hypertension particularly among workers aged 45 to 55 years. Headache, body ache, fatigue, loss of smell, dry cough, fever, and loss of appetite were the most common reported symptoms at time of diagnosis. Persistent symptoms were characterized by fatigue, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, chest pain, muscle pain and brain fog, being the six most reported. Conclusion: The impact of persistent/Long COVID-19 on the health of frontline workers could have direct impact in health service delivery. Given the rise in cases of COVID19 in South Africa and the world at large, the prevalence of Long COVID is likely to be substantial and therefore need for rehabilitation programs targeted at each of the persistent (Long) COVID symptoms is critical.
Genome-wide association study and multi-trait analysis of opioid use disorder identifies novel associations in 639,709 individuals of European and African ancestry.

Background: Despite the large toll of opioid use disorder (OUD), genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of OUD to date have yielded few susceptibility loci. Methods: We performed a large-scale GWAS of OUD in individuals of European (EUR) and African (AFR) ancestry, optimizing genetic informativeness by performing MTAG (Multi-trait analysis of GWAS) with genetically correlated substance use disorders (SUDs). Meta-analysis included seven cohorts: the Million Veteran Program (MVP), Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), iPSYCH, FinnGen, Partners Biobank, BioVU, and Yale-Penn 3, resulting in a total N=639,709 (Ncases=20,858) across ancestries. OUD cases were defined as having lifetime OUD diagnosis, and controls as anyone not known to meet OUD criteria. We estimated SNP-heritability (h2SNP) and genetic correlations (rg). Based on genetic correlation, we performed MTAG on OUD, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and cannabis use disorder (CanUD). Results: The EUR meta-analysis identified three genome-wide significant (GWS; p[≤]5x10-8) lead SNPs, one at FURIN (rs11372849; p=9.54x10-10) and two OPRM1 variants (rs1799971, p=4.92x10-09 ; rs79704991, p=1.37x10-08; r2=0.02). Rs1799971 (p=4.91x10-08) and another OPRM1 variant (rs9478500; p=1.95x10-8; r2=0.03) were identified in the cross-ancestry meta-analysis. Estimated h2SNP was 12.75%, with strong rg with CanUD (rg=0.82; p=1.14x10-47) and AUD (rg=0.77; p=6.36x10-78). The OUD-MTAG resulted in 18 GWS loci, all of which map to genes or gene regions that have previously been associated with psychiatric or addiction phenotypes. Conclusions: We identified multiple OUD variant associations at OPRM1, single variant associations with FURIN, and 18 GWS associations in the OUD-MTAG. OUD is likely influenced by both OUD-specific loci and loci shared across SUDs.
Leakage Flow-Induced Vibrations for Variations of a Tube-in-Tube Slip Joint

Variations in the design of a specific slip joint separating two cantilevered, telescoping tubes conveying water were studied to determine their effect upon the leakage flow-induced vibration self-excitation mechanism known to exist for the original slip joint geometry. The important parameters controlling the self-excitation mechanism were identified, which, along with previous results, allowed the determination of a comprehensive set of design rules to avoid unstable vibrations. This was possible even though a new self-excitation mechanism was found when the engagement of the two tubes was small. 9 refs.
UX Testing for Mobile Learning Applications of Deaf Children

Many studies are focusing on deaf children mobile learning. However, they are not concentrating on user experience (UX) testing. Current UX testing is based on existing UX evaluation models that are hard to apply due to the comprehensive measurements and lack of description on how to conduct evaluation for a more specific mobile learning process. Moreover, the existing UX evaluation models are not highlighted to be applied in testing UX for deaf children’s mobile learning. Hence, this paper proposed questions for UX testing for deaf children’s mobile learning to explore UX issues in offering an enjoyable learning application. Smileyometer is used to capture the data from deaf children after using a selected mobile learning application, KoTBaM and Learning Fakih. This study involves deaf children aged 7 – 12 years old familiar with the mobile application. The survey is divided into two sections: i) demographic information and ii) 24 questions that the respondent must answer using a smileyometer. The survey included 38 deaf children from Malaysian Deaf School. The participating deaf children completed the questionnaires with the assistance of their teachers after using the mobile learning application in the classroom. Yet, various issues needed to be addressed in order to improve the deaf children's user experience. Special exercises should be developed for deaf children connected to their school syllabus to consolidate their knowledge and self-learn everywhere. Furthermore, games elements should be adapted so the deaf children are able to learn while playing. Keywords—User experience; UX testing; UX dimension; UX metrics; mobile learning application; deaf children; smileyometer