Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE NEAR-INFRARED BACKGROUND INTENSITY AND ANISOTROPIES DURING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION

A fraction of the extragalactic near-infrared (near-IR) background light involves redshifted photons from the ultraviolet (UV) emission from galaxies present during reionization at redshifts above 6. The absolute intensity and the anisotropies of the near-IR background provide an observational probe of the first-light galaxies and their spatial distribution. We estimate the extragalactic background light intensity during reionization by accounting for the stellar and nebular emission from first-light galaxies. We require the UV photon density from these galaxies to generate a reionization history that is consistent with the optical depth to electron scattering from cosmic microwave background measurements. We also require the bright-end luminosity function (LF) of galaxies in our models to reproduce the measured Lyman-dropout LFs at redshifts of 6–8. The absolute intensity is about 0.1–0.4 nW m−2 sr−1 at the peak of its spectrum at ∼1.1 μm. We also discuss the anisotropy power spectrum of the near-IR background using a halo model to describe the galaxy distribution. We compare our predictions for the anisotropy power spectrum to existing measurements from deep near-IR imaging data from Spitzer/IRAC, Hubble/NICMOS, and AKARI. The predicted rms fluctuations at tens of arcminute angular scales are roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the existing measurements. While strong arguments have been made that the measured fluctuations do not have an origin involving faint low-redshift galaxies, we find that measurements in the literature are also incompatible with galaxies present during the era of reionization. The measured near-IR background anisotropies remain unexplained with an unknown origin.
Screening for CD 8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for Gag of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype B 9 Henan isolate from China and identification of novel epitopes restricted by the HLA-A 2 and HLA-A 11 alleles

Received 12 July 2005 Accepted 4 October 2005 The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic in China is increasing rapidly at an irrepressible rate. It is caused by HIV-1 subtype B9 in central China. After the full-length genome sequencing of the Henan isolate was performed, the definition of optimal cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes across the Henan isolate genome has become crucial for vaccine design. In this study, by using ELISPOT assays with synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequence of the Henan isolate, the identification and analysis of Gag-specific CTL responses among 28 treated and 26 untreated infected paid blood donors (PBDs) from the Henan and Hubei provinces of China are presented. These studies focused on CTL responses restricted by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 and -A11 molecules, two of the most prominent HLA-A alleles in the Chinese population. The results suggested that, in the subgroup analysis, the magnitude of response in the infected treated subgroup [median, 93 spot-forming cells (SFCs) per 10 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)] was significantly lower than that in the chronically infected untreated subgroup (median, 221 SFCs per 10 PBMCs), and HLA-A2-restricted treated PBDs had a response of a much higher frequency and magnitude than that of HLA-A11-restricted treated PBDs. Moreover, some novel peptides restricted by the HLA-A2 and -A11 molecules were identified.
Word2Vec: Optimal hyperparameters and their impact on natural language processing downstream tasks

Abstract Word2Vec is a prominent model for natural language processing tasks. Similar inspiration is found in distributed embeddings (word-vectors) in recent state-of-the-art deep neural networks. However, wrong combination of hyperparameters can produce embeddings with poor quality. The objective of this work is to empirically show that Word2Vec optimal combination of hyper-parameters exists and evaluate various combinations. We compare them with the publicly released, original Word2Vec embedding. Both intrinsic and extrinsic (downstream) evaluations are carried out, including named entity recognition and sentiment analysis. Our main contributions include showing that the best model is usually task-specific, high analogy scores do not necessarily correlate positively with F1 scores, and performance is not dependent on data size alone. If ethical considerations to save time, energy, and the environment are made, then relatively smaller corpora may do just as well or even better in some cases. Increasing the dimension size of embeddings after a point leads to poor quality or performance. In addition, using a relatively small corpus, we obtain better WordSim scores, corresponding Spearman correlation, and better downstream performances (with significance tests) compared to the original model, which is trained on a 100 billion-word corpus.
Cooperative transportation: realizing the promises of robotic networks using a tailored software/hardware architecture

Abstract With cooperative transportation, the paper looks at a demanding problem from distributed robotics. At its heart, the proposed transportation scheme uses distributed model predictive control. Yet, distributed control alone does not suffice to solve the task. Thus, also distributed organization, a custom software architecture, simulation, and custom robotic hardware are dealt with, bridging the gap between distributed control theory and practical robotics. The robots are enabled to transport arbitrarily-shaped objects, automatically adapting to changing circumstances and numbers of robots.
IS NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY RIGHT? EVIDENCE FROM PRICE DATA

The agglomeration force behind the New Economic Geography literature initiated by Krugman is based on the notion that larger markets should have a lower variety adjusted price index. Despite his Nobel Prize, there have been no tests of this idea. This paper represents the first such test. Using a rich dataset covering 10-20 million purchases of grocery items, we find that after controlling for store and shopping effects: 1) Aggregate grocery prices are lower in larger cities; 2) Residents of larger cities have access to substantially more varieties than residents of smaller cities; and 3) These forces combine to substantially lower variety adjusted prices in large cities. In short, Krugman is right. *We wish to thank Donald Davis, Mine Senses, Jonathan Vogel, and Joan Monras for excellent comments.
Causal Linkages between Work and Life Satisfaction and Their Determinants in a Structural VAR Approach

Work and life satisfaction depend on a number of pecuniary and non-pecuniary factors at the workplace and determine these in turn. We analyze these causal linkages using a structural vector autoregression approach for a German sample of the working populace from 1984 to 2008, finding that workplace autonomy plays an important causal role in determining well-being.
A potential role for the XRCC 2 R 188 H polymorphic site in DNA-damage repair and breast cancer

An acquired genetic instability, resulting from the loss of some types of DNA repair, is an early event in the development of a subset of human cancers. The involvement of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the homologous recombination repair (HRR)ofdouble-strandbreaks inDNA implicates thispathway in thesuppressionofbreast cancer. A family of proteins related to human RAD51, including XRCC2, are essential components of this repair pathway. Using site-directedmutagenesis ofXRCC2, we show that non-conservative substitution or deletion of amino acid 188 of XRCC2 can significantly affect cellular sensitivity to DNA damage, and that a polymorphic variant at this site (R188H ), present on 6% of chromosomes in the population, has a weak effect on damage sensitivity. We tested the hypothesis that the R188H polymorphism could be a low-penetrance susceptibility factor for breast cancer, bygenotyping521womenwithbreast cancer anda total of 895controlwomen.Carriage of the rare allele of XRCC2 R188H was associated with breast cancer overall [odds ratio 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI)1⁄4 (1.0, 1.8)] and when younger-onset cases with a positive family history were compared with older controls with no family history [odds ratio 1.9; 95% CI1⁄4 (1.0, 3.8)]. These results support the hypothesis that subtle variation in DNA repair capacity may influence cancer susceptibility in the population.
Impulsivity and Aggressive Driving as Mediators between Self-Esteem and Stress in Mexican Drivers

Individual factors and their influence on behavior in the realm of traffic psychology is not a thoroughly studied relationship. This paper aimed to determine the influence that Self-Esteem has on Impulsivity and Aggressive Behavior, and how these variables have an impact on the Stress an individual experiences in traffic. A sample of 528 participants was comprised, to which 4 Likert-type scales were applied. Statistical analyses showed that there is a moderate relationship between Self-Esteem and Impulsivity, and that Impulsivity and Aggressiveness serve as independent mediators between Self-Esteem and Stress. It is concluded that a person’s evaluation of his or her esteem will have an influence on how much control they have over their impulsivity and their aggressive behavior, and this effect has an influence on the amount of stress they experience while driving an automobile.
POSTHARVEST OF IRRADIATED TAHITI LIME FRUITS 1

This study aimed to evaluate the postharvest quality evolution of gamma-irradiated ‘Tahiti’ limes. Shiny, olivegreen fruits with coarse skin (56 cm equatorial diameter) harvested in commercial orchars and processed in commercial packing house line were used. In a preliminary assay, fruits harvested in April 2011 were exposed to a gamma radiation range from 0 to 750 gy. The 250 and 750 gy doses negatively affected skin quality and pulp of exposed fruits. For this reason, new assays were carried out using lower doses to irradiate fruits harvested in July 2011 (off-season) and January 2012 (regular harvest period). Fruit harvested in both periods were selected and exposed to radiation doses of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 gy. All irradiations occurred at a rate of 0.46 gy/h. After fruit irradiation, physical and chemical analyses were performed along a 20-day storage period at room temperature (24 ± 1oc and 80 ± 5% Rh). Irradiation of fruits harvested in July 2011 and January 2012 and treated with doses of up to 200 gy did not affect the ascorbic acid content, but doses > 100 gy caused skin yellowing of fruits harvested on both periods. gamma radiation at doses ≥ 50 Gy reduced the total soluble solids content in off-season fruits. Exposure of fruits harvested in the main harvest period to radiation doses ≥ 150 Gy increased weight loss. Irradiation of ‘Tahiti’ limes at doses between 50 gy and 700 gy did not preserve postharvest quality during storage at room temperature.
Design and Analysis of PI Controller for Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter

The dual active bridge is an important circuit in a wide range of circuits. Due to its characteristics such as its small size and circulating currents. An isolated bidirectional dc-dc circuit is proposed comprising of a capacitor at the output. This work discusses the performance of the dual active bridge converter with an open loop control and with cascaded control using PI controller. The performance is analyzed using MATLAB Simulink to simulate the results. Results show that cascaded PI control provides better dynamic for the DAB and the accuracy is higher than an open loop or single loop PI controlled system.
Effect of Learning and Strategy FormalReasoning of Learning Outcomes Science Junior High School in Medan City

Abstrasct The experiment was conducted at junior high school Medan City, field in 2011-2012. The sampling method is random sampling: 22, 21, 20 persons for discovery, inquiry and conventional, uses formal reasoning tests and results of junior high school students. Experimental studies using treatment with level 3 x 2 design. The findings of the study indicate there is a difference in learning achievement student science junior high school if learning with: (1) discovery, inquiry and conventional, (2) discovery than inquiry, (3) discovery than conventional, (4) inquiry than conventional, (5) there is interaction between formal reasoning and learning strategies, (6) who have a high formal reasoning when learning with discovery learning strategies compared than inquiry and conventional, (7) who have a high formal reasoning if learning with discovery compared than inquiry, (8) who have a high formal formal reasoning when learning with discovery than conventional, (9) who have a high formal reasoning with inquiry than conventional, (10) who have low formal reasoning when learning with discovery compared than inquiry, (11) who have low formal reasoning when learning with discovery compared than inquiry, (12) who have reasoning low formal learning discovery compared with learning conventional, (13) who have low formal reasoning when learning with inquiry than conventional.
Robust Fuzzy Observer-Based Speed Control of Electric Vehicle with Unmeasurable Premise Variables

This article provides a robust fuzzy observer-based controller for tracking the speed of the electric vehicle (EV) under the parametric uncertainties and the disturbance, simultaneously when the states of the systems are unavailable. To do this, an H∞ observer is designed based on the estimated premise variables to meet the practical issues. First, the EV model is presented and then, T-S fuzzy model (TSFM) strategy is used to represent the exact behavior of the EV nonlinear system. Second, a parallel distributed compensation (PDC)-based tracking controller is adopted to realize the control purpose. The stability of the controlled EV system is ensured due to the Lyapunov approach along with H∞ performance and sufficient conditions are obtained based on the offline linear matrix inequalities (LMIs)-based optimization problem. The simulation results illustrate the enhancement and the advantages of the suggested observer-based controller.
Variance structure of aflatoxin contaminated maize in commercial grain elevators and transporters

The application of risk analysis to manage chemical hazards in the grain industry by regulators presents significant challenges including development of sampling schemes and disposition plans in the presence of high levels of aflatoxin contamination. In this study, a firm comprised of seven grain elevators with 38 storage bins containing aflatoxin contaminated maize were studied to evaluate the risk management effectiveness of a sampling strategy negotiated in bankruptcy court. Samples from 551 incoming trucks and 301 outbound trucks of maize were analyzed for aflatoxin by Grain Inspection and Packers Stockyard Administration (GIPSA) Official Inspection Agencies (OIA). A comparison of the average aflatoxin measures for all incoming and outgoing trucks were 373 and 376 mg/kg, respectively. A comparison of 64 outbound trucks between the GIPSA OIA and the Office of the Texas State Chemist (OTSC) revealed that the aflatoxin measurements between the two agencies were significantly (p<0.01) related, with a correlation coefficient of r=0.80. The outbound trucks sampled by OTSC were subjected to a hierarchical analysis to derive grain elevator, grain bin, truck-to-truck and intra-truck variance components. The variance was partitioned as follows: grain elevator variance (1.9%), bin variance (65.8%), truck variance (9.1%) and the residual error (23%) representing intra-truck aflatoxin variability. This study documents that the negotiated sampling plan provided regulators the ability to detect and isolate grain unfit for commerce.
Body Size and Growth in the red-eared Slider ( Trachemys scripTa elegans ) at the northern edGe of itS ranGe : doeS BerGmann ’ S rule apply ?

—Although initially applied to endotherms, Bergmann’s Rule (body size correlated with latitude) has also been demonstrated for a number of ectothermic taxa, including turtles. We examined body size and growth in the Pond Slider (Trachemys scripta) at the northern edge of its range in Indiana. We then compiled body size data from across the range of the species to test for latitudinal trends. Adult females in Indiana were larger than males, and their growth rates began diverging by at least their fourth year. Mean and maximum body size were positively correlated with latitude in female Red-eared Sliders (T. s. elegans), but not in males or in Yellow-bellied Sliders (T. s. scripta), for which the available data were limited. More data are needed to understand geographic patterns in growth, age and size at maturity, and adult male size in this otherwise well-studied species.
Discontinuous shear thickening in the presence of polymers adsorbed on the surface of calcium carbonate particles

In the presence of dispersant molecules currently used in cement industry and based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) we found a strong discontinuous shear thickening (DST) at high volume fraction in suspensions of calcium carbonate particles. The transition was reversible and the critical shear rate and shear stress for which this instability appears are reported versus the volume fraction of particles. A model of repulsive forces between polymers, taking into account the thickness of the polymer layer and the density of adsorption on the surface of the particles, can explain the differences of critical stresses observed between these three dispersant molecules. In particular it explains why a small polymer densely adsorbed can be more efficient to repel the transition at higher stress than a larger molecule less densely adsorbed. Above the transition, we find that the suspension presents a special kind of stick-slip instability with even the presence of a negative shear rate under constant applied stress. A model is proposed which well predicts this regime by taking into account both the inertia of the apparatus and the viscoelasticity of the suspension.
Optimization of vibro-noise in the pipeline system of centrifugal pump

The vibro-noise of a homemade centrifugal pump excited by the internal unsteady flow are numerically investigated. The unsteady flow field is solved by using the shear stress transport $\mathrm{k}-\omega$ model. The computed results are adopted to extract the pressure fluctuations on the inner walls which are fed to the structural analysis to excite the vibro-noise. The sound pressure level (SPL) of the internal noise of the centrifugal pump is experimentally obtained, confirming the effectiveness of the numerical method. In this paper, the structure of perforated plate is designed to optimize the vibro-noise caused by the pressure fluctuations of the fluid. It is found that the perforated plate has a significant effect on suppressing the vibro-noise of the pipe under the studied conditions by numerical simulation.
BETWEEN KNOWING AND LIKING A BRAND

3 Introduction and problem statement 3 Theoretical background 6 Pleasant advertising and its known effects 6 Irritating advertising and its known effects 11 Neutral advertising and its known effects 14 Advertising and product categories 14 Comparing the effectiveness of pleasant, neutral and irritating advertising 15 Research gaps 17 Hypotheses 18 Methodology 21 Research design 22 Participants 22 Stimulus materials 24 Procedure 25 Measures 25 Analysis of results 27 Results 28 Recall 28 Recognition 30 Attitude towards the brand (ABR) 32 Attitude towards the ad (AAD) 33 Source credibility 34 Purchase intention 35 Conclusion and discussion 39 Conclusion 39 Discussion 41 Practical implications 45 Limitations and future research 46 References 48 Appendix I: Pre-test 56 Appendix II: Online survey 65 Appendix III: SPSS Syntax 77 BETWEEN KNOWING AND LIKING A BRAND BY A.A.M. BARENDREGT 3 ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of pleasant/humorous, neutral and irritating print advertisements for lowand high-involvement products on brand recall, recognition, attitude towards the brand/ad, source credibility and purchase intention. To date, little research has been done on this subject, which may harm the decision-making on promotion campaigns by marketers and advertising agencies, forcing them to rely on past experience and intuition rather than scientific facts (Eisend, 2009; Henderson, 2007). This paper aims to help marketers to choose the right advertisement campaign for their product. While there is a large consensus among scholars that pleasant advertising works better than neutral overall, opinions vary greatly on irritating advertising but statistical evidence to back up the claims is scarce (Fritz, 1979). This study is conducted through an online survey in the Netherlands, in which respondents had to answer questions about three different print ads (pleasant, neutral and irritating) on the levels of either low-involvement or high-involvement products. The results show that neutral advertising is actually far more useful than previously assumed, and while irritating advertising has its use, it should be used with caution as it is harmful for most of the variables measured. Also, the success of the different communication strategies does depend on the type of product it is used for, showing much higher scores for recall and recognition for low-involvement products, and a stronger negative attitude towards the ad in case of irritating ads with high-involvement products.
Notes on cartography and further explanation

Abstract This article addresses one particular aspect of the cartographic enterprise, the cartographic study of the left periphery of the clause, the system of criteria, and the “syntacticisation” of scope-discourse semantics that rich and detailed syntactic maps make possible. I will compare this theoretical option with the conceivable alternative, the “pragmaticization” of a radically impoverished syntax, and will discuss some simple kinds of empirical evidence bearing on the choice between these alternative perspectives. I will then turn to the issue of whether the properties of the functional sequence (ordering, cooccurrence restrictions) are amenable to “further explanations” in terms of more basic principles constraining linguistic computations. I will argue that the search for deeper explanations is an integral part of the cartographic endeavour: it presupposes the establishment of reliable maps, and nourishes the pursuit of further cartographic questions. I will conclude by illustrating the issue of further explanation by comparing certain properties of topicalization in English and Italian, in particular the fact that DP topics are fundamentally unique in English, while they can be freely reiterated in Italian. This pattern can be plausibly traced back to intervention locality, once certain independent properties distinguishing Italian and English topicalization are taken into account.
Effective Hamiltonian constraint from group field theory

Spinfoam models provide a covariant formulation of the dynamics of loop quantum gravity. They are non-perturbatively defined in the group field theory (GFT) framework; the GFT partition function defines the sum of spinfoam transition amplitudes over all possible (discretized) geometries and topologies. The issue remains, however, of explicitly relating the specific form of the GFT action and the canonical Hamiltonian constraint. Here, we suggest an avenue for addressing this issue. Our strategy is to expand GFTs around non-trivial classical solutions and to interpret the induced quadratic kinematical term as defining a Hamiltonian constraint on the group field and thus on spin-network wavefunctions. We apply our procedure to Boulatov GFT for 3D Riemannian gravity. Finally, we discuss the relevance of understanding the spectrum of this Hamiltonian operator for the renormalization of GFTs.