Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conditional Lower Bounds for All-Pairs Max-Flow

We provide evidence that computing the maximum flow value between every pair of nodes in a directed graph on n nodes, m edges, and capacities in the range [1‥n], which we call the All-Pairs Max-Flow problem, cannot be solved in time that is significantly faster (i.e., by a polynomial factor) than O(n3) even for sparse graphs, namely m = O(n); thus for general m, it cannot be solved significantly faster than O(n2m). Since a single maximum st-flow can be solved in time Õ(m√n) [Lee and Sidford, FOCS 2014], we conclude that the all-pairs version might require time equivalent to Ω˜(n3/2) computations of maximum st-flow, which strongly separates the directed case from the undirected one. Moreover, if maximum st-flow can be solved in time Õ(m), then the runtime of Ω˜(n2) computations is needed. This is in contrast to a conjecture of Lacki, Nussbaum, Sankowski, and Wulff-Nilsen [FOCS 2012] that All-Pairs Max-Flow in general graphs can be solved faster than the time of O(n2) computations of maximum st-flow. Specifically, we show that in sparse graphs G = (V, E, w), if one can compute the maximum st-flow from every s in an input set of sources S ⊆ V to every t in an input set of sinks T ⊆ V in time O((|S||T|m)1−ε), for some |S|, |T| and a constant ε > 0, then MAX-CNF-SAT (maximum satisfiability of conjunctive normal form formulas) with n′ variables and m′ clauses can be solved in time m′O(1)2(1−δ)n′ for a constant δ(ε) > 0, a problem for which not even 2n′ /poly(n′) algorithms are known. Such running time for MAX-CNF-SAT would in particular refute the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH). Hence, we improve the lower bound of Abboud, Vassilevska-Williams, and Yu [STOC 2015], who showed that for every fixed ε > 0 and |S| = |T| = O(√n), if the above problem can be solved in time O(n3/2−ε), then some incomparable (and intuitively weaker) conjecture is false. Furthermore, a larger lower bound than ours implies strictly super-linear time for maximum st-flow problem, which would be an amazing breakthrough. In addition, we show that All-Pairs Max-Flow in uncapacitated networks with every edge-density m = m(n) cannot be computed in time significantly faster than O(mn), even for acyclic networks. The gap to the fastest known algorithm by Cheung, Lau, and Leung [FOCS 2011] is a factor of O(mω−1/n), and for acyclic networks it is O(nω−1), where ω is the matrix multiplication exponent. Finally, we extend our lower bounds to the version that asks only for the maximum-flow values below a given threshold (over all source-sink pairs).
Planning with Concurrent Interacting Actions

In order to generate plans for agents with multiple actuators or agent teams, we must be able to represent and plan using concurrent actions with interacting effects. Historically, this has been considered a challenging task that could require a temporal planner. We show that, with simple modifications, the STRIPS action representation language can be used to represent concurrent interacting actions. Moreover, current algorithms for partial-order planning require only small modifications in order to handle this language and produce coordinated multiagent plans. These results open the way to partial order planners for cooperative multiagent systems.
The Influence of Aerosols and Meteorological Conditions on the Total Rain Volume of the Mesoscale Convective Systems Over Tropical Continents

This study provides an observational assessment of the variations of the total rain volume (TRV) with aerosols through the entire lifetime of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over tropics. Using 70,000 MCSs' samples, we show that TRV increases with aerosols from clean to moderately heavy polluted conditions (aerosol optical depth [AOD] ~ 0.0–0.4). TRV decreases when AOD exceeds 0.5. The TRV change with AOD is strongest under favorable meteorological conditions, such as high total precipitable water (45–75 kg/m2), high convective available potential energy (1,200–2,400 J/kg), and intermediate vertical wind shear (9–21 × 10−4/s). TRV of MCSs increases from 2 to 4 km3 (rain depth ~ 20–40 mm) when AOD < 0.15 or >0.5, to more than 12 km3 (~120 mm) when 0.2 < AOD < 0.4 under above the mentioned optimal meteorological conditions. The basic response of TRV to aerosol concentrations is similar under all the meteorological conditions and during all stages of the MCS lifecycle.
Rotavirus infection among Sudanese children younger than 5 years of age: a cross sectional hospital-based study

Introduction In Sudan, rotavirus has been one of the important causative agents of diarrhea among children. Rotavirus A is well known as the leading cause of diarrhea in young children worldwide. It was estimated to account for 41% of hospitalized cases of acute gastroenteritis among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the common clinical presentations of rotavirus A infection among Sudanese children with gastroenteritis seeking management in hospitals. Methods 755 Sudanese children less than 5 years of age suffering from acute gastroenteritis in hospital settings were included. The positive stool specimens for rotavirus A was used for extract Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the RNA product was loaded on formaldehyde agarose gel and visualized under UV illumination. Results Of the 755 children, 430(57%) were males while 325(43%) were female. The age of children ranged from 1 to 60 months. There were 631 (84%) children who were less than 24 months of age. Out of the 755 stool samples, 121(16%) were positive for rotavirus. Of the 121 infected children with rotavirus, 79(65.3%) were male and 42(34.7%) were female and the highest infection rate was seen among 91(75.2%) of children up to 12 months of age. Children of illiterate parents were more infected with rotavirus than children of educated parents. Severe dehydration present among 70% of infected children with rotavirus. Conclusion Since this study is hospital-based, the 16% prevalence rate may not reflect the true prevalence among Sudanese children, thus a community-based surveillance is needed.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on the High-quality Development of the Manufacturing Industry

The digital transformation of manufacturing industry facilitates enterprises to access and utilize data information to improve the efficiency of resource allocation, expand product and service business models, and accumulate human capital stock to empower the high- quality development of manufacturing industry by creating a large number of databases. This paper adopts panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2011-2020, and uses system GMM to verify the correlation between two variables. It also introduces environmental regulation as a threshold variable to analyze the threshold effect. The results of the study indicated that: firstly, the association between digital transformation of manufacturing industry and high-quality development of manufacturing industry shows a U-shaped relationship, secondly, the digitalization of manufacturing industry exhibits different impact effects on the four dimensions of high-quality development of manufacturing industry, and lastly, only when the environmental regulation is within a certain level, it can have a driving effect on high-quality development of manufacturing industry. Therefore, it is important to grasp the strategic opportunities of digital economy, strengthen the integration of digital economy and traditional industries, accelerate the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises, and improve the high-quality development of China's manufacturing industry.
Evaluation of toxicity studies of Sesbania grandiflora leaves extracts in Wistar albino rats

Objective: Sesbania grandiflora is a well-known medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae, and it is used to treat several disorders. The current investigation aims to analyze the negative consequences of short and long-term administration of hydroalcoholic extract of S. grandiflora leaf in experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Acute and subacute toxicity were the two phases in which the entire examination was completed. In phase first, acute toxicity was performed at the dose of (2000, mg/kg) and adverse effect was recorded. However, in sub-acute toxicity the effect of different doses of (1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg) were studied for twenty-eight days. Animals were euthanized on the last day of the investigation, and selected internal body organs and samples of the blood were taken from each animal for histological, biochemical, and haematological analysis. Results: The result of the current investigation showed that the LD50 of S. grandiflora was observed more than 2000 mg/kg, Furthermore, experimental animals did not experience any mortality or alterations in their behavioral patterns when S. grandiflora was administered repeatedly at 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg or in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. Besides this, S. grandiflora also did not significantly modify any of the biochemical or haematological markers, or the histological analyses of selected organs. Conclusion: The results of the above research revealed that the orally administration of S. grandiflora extract did not exhibit any apparent harmful effects in experimental animals. Hence, S. grandiflora could be regarded as a safe and can be used for the therapeutic purpose in human being.
The Accumulation of Slip Deficit in Subduction Zones in the Absence of Mechanical Coupling: Implications for the Behavior of Megathrust Earthquakes

The distribution of slip during subduction megathrust earthquakes depends on the slip deficit that accumulates on the plate interface prior to the event. We develop 3‐D finite element models of subduction zones to investigate how locked zones restrict surrounding regions on the plate boundary from sliding. What is new is that we quantify the slip around asperities on the megathrust. The models show plate interface slip increasing from zero at the edge of a locked zone to the relative plate motion over a distance of ~200 km along the megathrust. This area of reduced slip accumulates a seismic moment deficit up to 10 times larger than the moment deficit in the asperity alone. Updip of locked areas, slip at the trench can be reduced by more than 50% of the plate motion. Despite large displacements of the upper plate near the trench, this region moves as a semirigid block. Rupture models of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, its tsunami characteristics, and geophysical observations near the trench can be interpreted to reflect the consequences of slip deficit accumulated on a low friction interface updip of the seismogenic zone. Neighboring asperities affect plate interface slip in a nonlinear way. Multiple asperities have overlapping pseudo‐coupled regions that may restrict the magnitude of coseismic slip in single‐asperity ruptures. Once an earthquake has a rupture length greater than ~250 km, it may recover the entire accumulated slip deficit. This is consistent with the magnitude of coseismic slip in several recent great megathrust earthquakes.
The Cyclin D1 (CCND1) A870G polymorphism predicts clinical outcome to lapatinib and capecitabine in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Lapatinib plus capecitabine emerged as an efficacious therapy in metastatic breast cancer (mBC). We aimed to identify germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in capecitabine catabolism and human epidermal receptor signaling that were associated with clinical outcome to assist in selecting patients likely to benefit from this combination. PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from 240 of 399 patients enrolled in EGF100151 clinical trial (NCT00078572; clinicaltrials.gov) and SNPs were successfully evaluated in 234 patients. The associations between SNPs and clinical outcome were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, likelihood ratio test within logistic or Cox regression model, as appropriate. RESULTS There were significant interactions between CCND1 A870G and clinical outcome. Patients carrying the A-allele were more likely to benefit from lapatinib plus capecitabine versus capecitabine when compared with patients harboring G/G (P = 0.022, 0.024 and 0.04, respectively). In patients with the A-allele, the response rate (RR) was significantly higher with lapatinib plus capecitabine (35%) compared with capecitabine (11%; P = 0.001) but not between treatments in patients with G/G (RR = 24% and 32%, respectively; P = 0.85). Time to tumor progression (TTP) was longer in patients with the A-allele treated with lapatinib plus capecitabine compared with capecitabine (median TTP = 7.9 and 3.4 months; P < 0.001), but not in patients with G/G (median TTP = 6.1 and 6.6 months; P = 0.92). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CCND1A870G may be useful in predicting clinical outcome in HER2-positive mBC patients treated with lapatinib plus capecitabine.
- 2 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT IN SOFTWARE AND HYPERMEDIA ENGINEERING : A SURVEY

Software configuration management (SCM) is a very important feature in the software development area and in many authoring fields. The main purpose of this survey is to introduce readers to SCM in software and hypermedia engineering, presenting general concepts, principles and techniques and considering advantages and open issues. The new challenges proposed by World Wide Web (WWW), which can be seen both as a complex distributed hypermedia system and as a software development environment, are discussed.
Potential Impact of Nutrition on Immune System Recovery from Heavy Exertion: A Metabolomics Perspective

This review describes effective and ineffective immunonutrition support strategies for the athlete, with a focus on the benefits of carbohydrates and polyphenols as determined from metabolomics-based procedures. Athletes experience regular cycles of physiological stress accompanied by transient inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune perturbations, and there are increasing data indicating that these are sensitive to nutritional influences. The most effective nutritional countermeasures, especially when considered from a metabolomics perspective, include acute and chronic increases in dietary carbohydrate and polyphenols. Carbohydrate supplementation reduces post-exercise stress hormone levels, inflammation, and fatty acid mobilization and oxidation. Ingestion of fruits high in carbohydrates, polyphenols, and metabolites effectively supports performance, with added benefits including enhancement of oxidative and anti-viral capacity through fruit metabolites, and increased plasma levels of gut-derived phenolics. Metabolomics and lipidomics data indicate that intensive and prolonged exercise is associated with extensive lipid mobilization and oxidation, including many components of the linoleic acid conversion pathway and related oxidized derivatives called oxylipins. Many of the oxylipins are elevated with increased adiposity, and although low in resting athletes, rise to high levels during recovery. Future targeted lipidomics-based studies will help discover whether n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3-PUFA) supplementation enhances inflammation resolution in athletes post-exercise.
Power efficient embedded processor IPs through application-specific tag compression in data caches

In this paper, we present a methodology for power minimization by data cache tag compression. The set of tags being accessed by the major application loops is analyzed statically during compile time and an efficient and optimal compression scheme is proposed Only a very limited number of tag bits are stored in the tag array for cache conflict identification, thus achieving a significant reduction in the number of active bitlines, sense amps, and comparator cells. The underlying hardware support for dynamically compressing the tags consists of a highly cost and power efficient programmable encoder which lies outside the cache access path, thus not affecting the processor cycle time. A detailed VLSI implementation has been performed and a number of experimental results on a set of embedded applications and numerical kernels is reported Energy dissipation decreases of up to 95% can be observed for the tag arrays, while significant energy reductions in the range of 10%-50% are observed when amortized across the overall cache subsystem.
The Outage Capacity of Linear Space&#8211;Time Codes

An inner space–time code, i.e., one that is complemented by an outer error-control code, calls for vastly different design strategies than a space–time code that stands alone. This letter investigates the design of a linear inner space–time code for a$t$-input$r$-output Rayleigh fading channel by examining its outage capacity, which assumes an idealized outer code. We show that a linear space–time code with rate$R ≪ min(t, r)$can achieve at most a fraction$R/min(t, r)$of the underlying channel's outage capacity at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Conversely, we find that a space–time code with low raw diversity order (as calculated using the rank rule) does not necessarily suffer a capacity penalty. Under very general conditions, a rate of$R = min(t, r)$is sufficient to ensure that the outage capacity of the space–time code approaches that of the underlying channel at high SNR. Simulation results are presented to support the claims.
Major T Cell Progenitor Activity in Bone Marrow–derived Spleen Colonies

Common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) are generated in adult bone marrow (BM), but the intermediate steps leading to T cell commitment are unknown, and so is the site at which this commitment occurs. Here, we show that colonies arising in the spleen 12 days after BM injection harbor T cell precursors that are undetectable in BM. These precursors did not generate myeloid cells in vivo but repopulated the thymus and the peripheral T cell compartment much faster than did CLP. Two lineage negative (Lin−) subpopulations were distinguished, namely CD44+ Thy1− cells still capable of natural killer generation and transient low-level B cell generation, and T cell–restricted CD44− Thy1+ cells. At a molecular level, frequency of CD3ɛ and preTα mRNA was very different in each subset. Furthermore, only the CD44− Thy1+ subset have initiated rearrangements in the T cell receptor β locus. Thus, this study identifies extramedullary T cell progenitors and will allow easy approach to T cell commitment studies.
Ontology-Based Entity Coreference Resolution For Sentiment Analysis

To date, entity coreference resolution and sentiment analysis still exist as independent problems, but they are both popular research topics in the community of natural language processing. However, the combination of those two problems. even though very potentially useful, has not been getting much attention. This paper addresses this issue by proposing an approach applying knowledge base to resolve coreference between two kinds of entities, objects and aspects, which are embedded with sentiment information. The knowledge base is introduced as a sentiment ontology. In addition, the paper also proposes a model of ontology-based coreference resolution in sentiment analysis for English text. Finally, we also discuss evaluation methods applied for our model and the results obtained.
Cultural sensitivity: an antecedent of the image gap of tourist destinations

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the influence of the cultural sensitivity of tourists on the change in image that occurs for tourist destinations prior to and after a visit; understanding cultural sensitivity as the recognition of and respect for different beliefs, values and customs. Design/methodology/approach A structural equations model is carried out with a representative sample of 411 tourists from Tenerife (Canary Islands). Findings Cultural sensitivity directly and positively influences the gap in the global image of the destination, so greater cultural sensitivity improves the post-visit image compared to the pre-visit image at a global level. Likewise, there are significant differences in cultural sensitivity according to the sociodemographic characteristics of tourists. Research limitations Although this study is based on a single case (Tenerife) and the generalisation of the results must be treated tentatively, the developed model could be applied in other destinations. Practical implications This study contributes to a better understanding of the influence of cultural sensitivity on the image gap in tourist destinations, as there is still little empirical evidence on the subject. Originality/value The results of this study represent an advance in the literature, as there are few studies in the tourism marketing literature that studied the effect of the cultural sensitivity on the image of a tourist destination.
Antenatal fetal heart rate acceleration detection

During the antenatal period non-stress test, fetal heart rate (FHR) is routinely measured non-invasively by cardiotocography. The purpose of this study was to measure the performance of FHR acceleration detection for fetuses having a gestational age (GA) 28–40 wks, comparing our existing detector for term fetuses to one based on a hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) and another based on an LSTM (Long short-term memory) recurrent neural network.
On Automatic Annotation of Images with Latent Space Models

Image auto-annotation, i.e., the association of words to whole images, has attracted considerable attention. In particular, unsupervised, probabilistic latent variable models of text and image features have shown encouraging results, but their performance with respect to other approaches remains unknown. In this paper, we apply and compare two simple latent space models commonly used in text analysis, namely Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Probabilistic LSA (PLSA). Annotation strategies for each model are discussed. Remarkably, we found that, on a 8000-image dataset, a classic LSA model defined on keywords and a very basic image representation performed as well as much more complex, state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, non-probabilistic methods (LSA and direct image matching) outperformed PLSA on the same dataset.
Bootstrapping Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation via WSD Integration

Beside the word order problem, word choice is another major obstacle for machine translation. Though phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) has an advantage of word choice based on local context, exploiting larger context is an interesting research topic. Recently, there have been a number of studies on integrating word sense disambiguation (WSD) into phrase-based SMT. The WSD score has been used as a feature of translation. In this paper, we will show that by bootstrapping WSD models using unlabeled data, we can bootstrap an SMT system. Our experiments on English-Vietnamese translation showed that BLEU scores have been improved significantly.