Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Dynamical Modelling of the Epidemic Diseases to Assessing the Rates of Spread of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: SEIRQ Model

A new model of critical epidemic dynamics for the emergence of the new coronavirus COVID-19 is being established in this paper. A new approach to the assessment and control of the COVID 19 epidemic is given with the SEIRQ pandemic model. This paper uses real knowledge on the distribution of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia for mathematical modeling and dynamic analyses. The reproductive number and detailed stability analysis are provided in the SEIRQ model dynamics. In a Jacobian method of linearization, we will address the domain of the solution and the equilibrium situation based on the SEIRQ model. The equilibrium and its importance have been proven, and a study of the stability of the equilibrium free from diseases has been implemented. The reproduction number was evaluated in accordance with its internal parameters. The Lyapunov theorem of stability has proven the global stability of the current model's equilibrium. The SEIRQ model was contrasted by comparing the results based on the SEIRQ model with the real COVID-19 spread data in Saudi Arabia. Numerical evaluation and predictions were given. The results indicate that the SEIRQ model is a strong model for the study of the spread of epidemics, such as COVID-19. At the end of this work, we implemented an optimum protocol that can quickly stop the spread of COVID-19 among the Saudi populations.
Emotion regulation moderates the association between parent and child hair cortisol concentrations.

Successful emotion regulation facilitates children's coping with everyday stress. It develops rapidly in the early preschool period. However, no work has been done to investigate the potential buffering role of emotion regulation from cumulative physiological effects of stress. In this study, we examined hair cortisol concentration (HCC), an early marker of chronic physiological stress, socioeconomic status (SES), parental sensitivity, and emotion regulation and reactivity in a sample of 3.5-year-old children (N = 86). Emotion regulation and emotional reactivity were independent of child HCC. However, emotion regulation moderated the relationship between parent and child HCC. For children with better emotion regulation, there was no association between parent and child HCC, suggesting that emotion regulation skills buffered the transgenerational effects of chronic physiological stress. Emotional reactivity moderated the relationship between SES and child HCC, and attenuated the association between parental sensitivity and child HCC. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that children who were less emotionally reactive were less susceptible to their environments. Results provide support that child emotion regulation and emotional reactivity can reduce or strengthen the relationship between established risk factors and levels of chronic physiological stress in early childhood.
The RGG/RG motif of AUF1 isoform p45 is a key modulator of the protein’s RNA chaperone and RNA annealing activities

ABSTRACT The RNA-binding protein AUF1 regulates post-transcriptional gene expression by affecting the steady state and translation levels of numerous target RNAs. Remodeling of RNA structures by the largest isoform AUF1 p45 was recently demonstrated in the context of replicating RNA viruses, and involves two RNA remodeling activities, i.e. an RNA chaperone and an RNA annealing activity. AUF1 contains two non-identical RNA recognition motifs (RRM) and one RGG/RG motif located in the C-terminus. In order to determine the functional significance of each motif to AUF1’s RNA-binding and remodeling activities we performed a comprehensive mutagenesis study and characterized the wildtype AUF1, and several variants thereof. We demonstrate that each motif contributes to efficient RNA binding and remodeling by AUF1 indicating a tight cooperation of the RRMs and the RGG/RG motif. Interestingly, the data identify two distinct roles for the arginine residues of the RGG/RG motif for each RNA remodeling activity. First, arginine-mediated stacking interactions promote AUF1’s helix-destabilizing RNA chaperone activity. Second, the electropositive character of the arginine residues is the major driving force for the RNA annealing activity. Thus, we provide the first evidence that arginine residues of an RGG/RG motif contribute to the mechanism of RNA annealing and RNA chaperoning.
Surgical morbidity of transsylvian versus transcortical approaches to insular gliomas.

Objective The choice of transsylvian versus transcortical corridors for resection of insular gliomas remains controversial. Functional pathway compromise from transcortical transgression and vascular injury during transsylvian dissection are the primary concerns. In this study, data from a single-center experience with both approaches were compared to determine whether one approach was associated with a higher rate of morbidity than the other. Methods The authors identified 100 consecutive patients who underwent resection of pure insular gliomas at the Barrow Neurological Institute. Volumetric analysis was performed using FLAIR and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI for low- and high-grade gliomas, respectively, for extent of resection (EOR) and diffusion-weighted sequences were used to detect for postoperative ischemia. Step-wise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of neurological morbidity. Results Data from 100 patients with low-grade or high-grade insular gliomas were analyzed. Fifty-two patients (52%) underwent a transsylvian approach, and 48 patients (48%) underwent a transcortical approach. The mean (± SD) EOR was 91.6% ± 12.4% in the transsylvian group and 88.6% ± 14.2% in the transcortical group (p = 0.26). Clinical outcome metrics for the 2 groups were similar. Overall, 13 patients (25%) in the transsylvian group and 10 patients (21%) in the transcortical group had evidence of ischemia on postoperative MR images. For both approaches, high-grade histology was associated with permanent morbidity (p = 0.01). For patients with gliomas located within the superior-posterior quadrant of the insula, development of postoperative ischemia was associated with only the transsylvian approach (46% vs 0%, p = 0.02). Conclusions Areas of restricted diffusion are common on postoperative MRI following resection of insular gliomas, but only a minority of these patients develop permanent neurological deficits. Insular glioma patients with high-grade histology may be at particular risk for developing symptomatic postoperative ischemia. Both the transcortical and transsylvian corridors are associated with reasonable morbidity profiles, although gliomas situated within the superior-posterior quadrant of the insula are more safely accessed with a transcortical approach. Abbreviations DTI = diffusion tensor imaging; EOR = extent of resection; MCA = middle cerebral artery; WHO = World Health Organization.
Effect of Stem Cell Transplant on Survival in Adult Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: NCDB Analysis

Background: A retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the survival outcomes in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) based on treatment received. Materials and Methods: Data from 17,504 men and women (≥18 years of age) registered in the National Cancer Database who were diagnosed with ALL between 2004 and 2013 and had follow-up to the end of 2014, were analyzed. The primary predictor variable was treatment received, and overall survival was the outcome variable. Additional variables addressed and adjusted included gender, age, race, Charleston Comorbidity Index, level of education, income, insurance, distance traveled, facility type and diagnosing/treating facility. Results: The mean age of patients was 48.8 years with a standard deviation of 19.3 years. In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for secondary predictor variables, treatment modality was a statistically significant predictor of overall survival from ALL. Relative to patients who were treated with chemotherapy only, the patients who got chemotherapy and stem cell transplant had a decreased risk of mortality by 39%. Of the 5,409 patients between the ages of 18 and 39 years i.e. adolescent and young adults (AYA), no statistically significant survival difference was found between patients treated with stem cell transplant and those not. Conclusion: Stem cell transplant led to improved survival for all age groups except the AYA.
About Face: Molecular Aberrations in Head and Neck Mucosal Melanomas

Detailed molecular characterization of a large cohort of mucosal melanomas, most arising from head and neck primaries, suggests that chromosomal translocations and other complex rearrangements have prognostic importance. CDK4 amplification is a frequent event in these rare tumors, and CDK4/6 inhibition may represent a rational clinical trial strategy. See related article by Zhou et al., p. 3548
Courage in childhood: Classifying the actions of courage performed by elementary school students

ABSTRACT The study is aimed at exploring, through lexical analysis, the courageous actions performed by elementary school students. Five hundred ninety-two Italian children were interviewed about the most courageous action that they had ever performed during their life. Exploratory cluster analysis with Iramuteq was run to analyse the children’s answers and four clusters were found. The first cluster referred to actions performed with physical risks (physical courage). The second cluster referred to actions to protect or defend others, especially peers, in difficult and unpleasant social situations (moral courage). The third cluster referred to courageous actions in dealing with threats concerning personal well-being (psychological courage) and the fourth cluster referred to physically and psychologically courageous actions. Gender differences were found for the first and third cluster with girls reporting more physical courage and boys more psychological courage. The study has important implications for research and practice.
One hundred years of Drosophila cancer research: no longer in solitude

ABSTRACT When Mary Stark first described the presence of tumours in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in 1918, would she ever have imagined that flies would become an invaluable organism for modelling and understanding oncogenesis? And if so, would she have expected it to take 100 years for this model to be fully accredited? This Special Article summarises the efforts and achievements of Drosophilists to establish the fly as a valid model in cancer research through different scientific periods. Summary: This Special Article summarises the history of Drosophila as a model to understand the cancer problem, from the initial work carried out by Mary Stark 100 years ago to today.
Insomnia Disorder Among Older Veterans: Results of a Postal Survey.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of insomnia disorder among older veterans and to study relationships among age and self-rated health, with insomnia disorder, self-reported sleep duration and sleep efficiency. METHODS A cross-sectional postal survey of community-dwelling older veterans (older than 60 years) seen at one VA Healthcare System in the prior 18 months was performed, which was constructed to align with the general diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder (International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition [ICSD-2]). The survey also queried self-reported sleep duration, bedtime, and wake time, which were used to calculate sleep efficiency. The survey also asked about race/ethnicity and self-rated health (using the general health item from the Short Form-36). RESULTS A completed survey was returned by 4,717 individuals (51.9% response rate; mean age 74.1 years). Of those, 2,249 (47.7%) met ICSD-2 diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder. In logistic regression analyses, insomnia disorder was more likely among younger age categories (odds ratios [OR] 1.4-2.5) and in those with worse self-rated health (OR 2.1-14.4). Both total nocturnal sleep time and time in bed increased with older age (all P < .001), whereas sleep efficiency did not differ. Worse self-rated health was associated with shorter total nocturnal sleep time, more time in bed, and lower (worse) sleep efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Results of the postal survey suggest that almost half of community-dwelling older veterans have insomnia disorder, which was more common in young-old and among those with worse self-rated health. Additional work is needed to address the high burden of insomnia among older adults, including those with poor health.
Comparison between clinical finding and magnetic resonance imaging finding of lumbar prolapsed intervertebral disc

Background: Lower back ache is most common problems seen in working population. Prolapsed intervertebral disc is one of the most common cause. Magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic test of choice. Disc herniation of the same size may be asymptomatic in one patient and can lead to severe nerve root compromise in another patient. So, aim and objective of the study is to compare MRI with clinical findings. Material and Method: This study was conducted on total 60 with chief complaint of LBA was screened for inclusion in study. They underwent MRI of Lumbosacral region. All data collected and Analysed Statistically by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Total 60 patients with age group between 20-50 years mean age 37.60±6.36, 45% manual Laboure, male predominance, duration 7-12 months, radiculopathy in 90% patients, SLR was positive in 82% cases. MRI was abnormal in all patients with most common finding being disc bulge 53.3%, most common level being L4-L5 and L5-S1 followed by disc degeneration, neural canal compromise. Total MRI diagnosed level L3-L4(14), L4-L5(39), L5-S1(45) and while total clinically diagnosed levels are L3-L4(4), L4-L5(23), L5-S1(33). Pearson correlation coefficient between disc degeneration-neural compromise(.577), disc degeneration-VAS (.319), disc degeneration-sensory(.360), disc degeneration-power(.417). Conclusion: In this study Significant association has been observed between MRI finding and clinical findings in most of the patients but not all MRI findings are clinically symptomatic in patients. So, this is concluded that treating physician should put more emphasis on history, clinical examination, and make the inference by these and then should correlate the clinical findings with that of MRI to reach a final diagnosis.
Technical Indicators for Rational Investing in the Technology Companies: The Evidence of FAANG Stocks

ABSTRACT This paper aims to contribute to technical-scientific knowledge about the tools needed to support the decision making in investments in the capital market. We focus our analysis on the following technology companies’ performance: Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix and Google (FAANG). The simulation covers 18,389 observations, applying strategies based on the Ichimoku dynamics, technical analysis indicators, MACD and RSI, and the purchase and maintenance strategy (BH Buy and Hold; MACD; Chikou Span; RSI ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyumbang dalam aspek pengetahuan teknikal-saintifik berkaitan pembuatan keputusan dalam pelaburan di pasaran modal. Analisis kajian memfokuskan kepada prestasi syarikat teknologi Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix dan Google (FAANG). Simulasi dilakukan terhadap 18,389 pemerhatian yang menerapkan strategi berdasarkan dinamika Ichimoku, petunjuk analisis teknikal, MACD dan RSI, serta strategi pembelian dan penyelenggaraan (BH MACD; Chikou Span; RSI
Lactobacillus brevis CD2 for Prevention of Oral Mucositis in Patients With Head and Neck Tumors: A Multicentric Randomized Study

Background: Oropharyngeal mucositis occurs in virtually all patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiochemotherapy. The manipulation of the oral cavity microbiota represents an intriguing and challenging target. Patients and Methods: A total of 75 patients were enrolled to receive Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges or oral care regimen with sodium bicarbonate mouthwashes. The primary endpoint was the incidence of grade 3 or 4 oropharyngeal mucositis during radiotherapy treatment. Results: There was no statistical difference in the incidence of grade 3-4 oropharyngeal mucositis between the intervention and control groups (40.6% vs. 41.6% respectively, p=0.974). The incidence of pain, dysphagia, body weight loss and quality of life were not different between the experimental and standard arm. Conclusion: Our study was not able to demonstrate the efficacy of L. brevis CD2 lozenges in preventing radiation-induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. Although modulating homeostasis of the salivary microbiota in the oral cavity seems attractive, it clearly needs further study.
No Feature Is An Island: Adaptive Collaborations Between Features Improve Adversarial Robustness

To classify images, neural networks extract features from raw inputs and then sum them up with fixed weights via the fully connected layer. However, the weights are fixed despite the input types. Such fixed prior limits networks’ flexibility in adjusting feature reliance, which in turn enables attackers to flip networks’ predictions by corrupting the most brittle features whose value would change drastically by minor perturbations. Inspired by the analysis, we replace the original fixed fully connected layer by dynamically calculating the posterior weight for each feature according to the input and connections between them. Also, a counterfactual baseline is integrated to precisely characterize the credit of each feature’s contribution to the robustness and generality of the model. We empirically demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves both standard and robust error against several strong attacks across various major benchmarks. Finally, we theoretically prove the minimal structure requirement for our framework to improve adversarial robustness in a fairly simple and natural setting.
Deletion of Biliverdin Reductase A in Myeloid Cells Promotes Chemokine Expression and Chemotaxis in Part via a Complement C5a–C5aR1 Pathway

Key points Myeloid-specific conditional deletion of BVR-A results in increased response to LPS. Macrophages isolated from LysM-Cre:BVRfl/fl showed elevated levels of C5aR1. Deletion of BVR-A resulted in enhanced macrophage chemotaxis toward C5a. BVR-A–modulated chemotaxis and RANTES levels are dependent in part on C5aR1. Biliverdin reductase (BVR)-A is a pleotropic enzyme converting biliverdin to bilirubin and a signaling molecule that has cytoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. We recently showed that biliverdin inhibits the expression of complement activation fragment 5a receptor one (C5aR1) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In this study, we investigated the role of BVR-A in determining macrophage inflammatory phenotype and function via regulation of C5aR1. We assessed expression of C5aR1, M1-like macrophage markers, including chemokines (RANTES, IP-10), as well as chemotaxis in response to LPS and C5a in bone marrow–derived macrophages from BVRfl/fl and LysM-Cre:BVRfl/fl mice (conditional deletion of BVR-A in myeloid cells). In response to LPS, macrophages isolated from LysM-Cre:BVRfl/fl showed significantly elevated levels of C5aR1 as well as chemokines (RANTES, IP10) but not proinflammatory markers, such as iNOS and TNF. An increase in C5aR1 expression was also observed in peritoneal macrophages and several tissues from LysM-Cre:BVRfl/fl mice in a model of endotoxemia. In addition, knockdown of BVR-A resulted in enhanced macrophage chemotaxis toward C5a. Part of the effects of BVR-A deletion on chemotaxis and RANTES expression were blocked in the presence of a C5aR1 neutralizing Ab, confirming the role of C5a–C5aR1 signaling in mediating the effects of BVR. In summary, BVR-A plays an important role in regulating macrophage chemotaxis in response to C5a via modulation of C5aR1 expression. In addition, macrophages lacking BVR-A are characterized by the expression of M1 polarization–associated chemokines, the levels of which depend in part on C5aR1 signaling. Visual Abstract
Rolapitant Is a Reversible Inhibitor of CYP2D6

Rolapitant [(Varubi), 5S,8S)-8-[[(1R)-1-[3,5 bis(trifluoromethyl phenyl]ethoxy]methyl]-8-phenyl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one] is a high-affinity NK1 receptor antagonist that was approved in September 2015 as a treatment for nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. In vivo rolapitant moderately inhibits CYP2D6 for at least 7 days after one 180 mg dose. Due to the long inhibition time, we investigated rolapitant as a possible mechanism-based inactivator of CYP2D6. Rolapitant docked in the active site of CYP2D6 and displayed type I binding to CYP2D6 with a Ks value of 1.2 ± 0.4 µM. However, in NADPH-, time-, and concentration-dependent assays of CYP2D6 activity, no evidence for mechanism-based inactivation and no metabolites of rolapitant were observed. Stopped-flow binding studies yielded a kon/koff (Kd) value of 6.2 µM. The IC50 value for rolapitant inhibition of CYP2D6 activity was 24 µM, suggesting that inhibition is not due to tight binding of rolapitant to CYP2D6. By Lineweaver-Burk analysis, rolapitant behaved as a mixed, reversible inhibitor. The Ki values of 20 and 34 µM were determined by Dixon analysis, with bufuralol and dextromethorphan as reporter substrates, respectively, and drug-drug interaction modeling did not predict the reported in vivo inhibition. The interaction of rolapitant with CYP2D6 was also examined in 1 microsecond molecular dynamics simulations. Rolapitant adopted multiple low-energy binding conformations near the active site, but at distances not consistent with metabolism. Given these findings, we do not see evidence that rolapitant is a mechanism-based inactivator. Moreover, the reversible inhibition of CYP2D6 by rolapitant may not fully account for the moderate inhibition described in vivo.
Effect of immunocastration and caponization on fatty acid composition of male chicken meat.

Recently, immunocastration with Improvac (ImmC). has been tested in broilers and a considerable reduction in serum testosterone concentration (reduced by 79% compared to roosters) was observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immunocastration on meat fatty acid (FA) composition and its comparison with caponized and intact males (roosters). The study was conducted with 3 experimental groups: control group (roosters), the group of birds submitted to surgical caponization (SurgC), and the group of birds submitted to immunocastration with Improvac. The comparison of breast meat partial FA sums of castrated (SurgC and ImmC) with control birds (roosters) revealed that castrated birds showed significantly higher content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) than control birds (1.76 vs. 1.46 g/100 g of total FA; superiority of 20.2%), which has contributed to the occurrence of significant differences on both the n-6/n-3 ratio and the atherogenicity index (AI). In contrast, on leg meat portion, castrated birds displayed higher contents of both total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA and MUFA, with 2.2 and 4.1% more, respectively) and lower total n-6 PUFA content (8.3% less) than was observed in control birds, which contributed to significant differences in the AI index. On the other hand, the comparison of breast meat portion from SurgC with ImmC showed that immunocastration contributed to lower total SFA and higher total n-6 PUFA, which have contributed to significant differences on both Polyunsaturated/Saturated (P/S) and n-6/n-3 ratios. Whereas, on leg meat portion no significant differences were observed on partial sums and a single difference was observed on the thrombogenicity index. Immunocastration of broilers has contributed to minor changes in the FA profile, but has improved the overall lipid quality indexes in both breast and leg meat portions. Therefore, immunocastration could be applied as an alternative method to caponization without negative consequences in meat FA profile.