Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Herbal Medicine among Pregnant Women Referring to Valiasr Hospital in Kazeroon, Fars, South of Iran

Background: The increase in the use of herbal products is noticed all over the world. The safety of herbal drugs becomes particularly important in pregnant women and children. Despite the fact that available data are insufficient to justify herbal use during pregnancy, exposure to herbal products is frequent in these subjects. Some of the more complex reasons for preference of herbal medicine are associated with cultural and personal beliefs and philosophical views toward life and health. The present study was conducted to evaluate drug utilization pattern during pregnancy in Kazeroon, south of Iran. Methods: In all, 530 women fulfilling study inclusion criteria were interviewed at the postnatal ward of Valiasr hospital in Kazeroon, from September to October 2009. Results: In all, 158 out of the 513 women (30.8%) had used herbal drugs during pregnancy. The most commonly used herbs in pregnancy in this study were Ammi, Saatar and Sweet Basil. The most usuall period of using herbal drugs was throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. There was no statistical difference between women using and those not using herbal drugs in pregnancy. In most instances, the women reported to have been recommended herbal drug use by family (87.3%). Conclusion: In spite of the fact that side effects and teratogenic potentials of most herbal products are poorly understood, indiscriminate use of herbal remedies in different forms is very rampant. Pregnancy care providers should be aware of the common herbal supplements used by women, and of the evidence regarding potential benefits or harm.
Introduction to the supplement on seismic interferometry

In 1968, J. F. Claerbout derived a remarkable relation between the transmission and reflection responses of a horizontally layered medium, bounded by a free surface (Claerbout, 1968). He showed that autocorrelation of the transmission response is equal to the reflection response plus its time-reversed version (plus an impulse at time zero).
Integrative Physiology Globular Adiponectin Enhances Muscle Insulin Action via Microvascular Recruitment and Increased Insulin Delivery

endothelial cell internalization of insulin. Conclusions: Globular adiponectin increases muscle insulin uptake by recruiting muscle microvasculature, which contributes to its insulin-sensitizing action. ( Circ Res . 2013;112:1263-1271.) (0.1, 1, 2, 3 µ g/mL) at 37°C for 15 minutes. The reaction was stopped by transferring the culture plates onto ice. Cells were washed once with ice-cold HEPES-binding buffer, then twice with ice-cold acid solution (0.5 mol/L NaCl, 0.2 mol/L acetic acid, pH 3.0) to remove surface-bound 125 I-insulin, and then lysed with 0.5 mL 1 mol/L NaOH on ice for 1 hour. Aliquots of cell lysate were used for protein content determination and radioactivity quantification using a gamma counter. After subtracting the nonspecific binding, endothelial insulin uptake was calculated and expressed as cpm/ µ g protein.
Effects of Vitamin E on Cognitive Performance during Ageing and in Alzheimer’s Disease

Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that primarily protects cells from damage associated with oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, which increases during ageing and is considered a major contributor to neurodegeneration. High plasma vitamin E levels were repeatedly associated with better cognitive performance. Due to its antioxidant properties, the ability of vitamin E to prevent or delay cognitive decline has been tested in clinical trials in both ageing population and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The difficulty in performing precise and uniform human studies is mostly responsible for the inconsistent outcomes reported in the literature. Therefore, the benefit of vitamin E as a treatment for neurodegenerative disorders is still under debate. In this review, we focus on those studies that mostly have contributed to clarifying the exclusive function of vitamin E in relation to brain ageing and AD.
Changes in Antioxidant Defense System Using Different Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition in Children after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Background: Traditionally, lipids used in parenteral nutrition (PN) are based on ω-6 fatty acid-rich vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, with potential adverse effects involving oxidative stress. Methods: We evaluated the antioxidant defense system in children, after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), who were randomized to use a lipid emulsion with fish oil or soybean oil. Blood samples at baseline, at 10 days, and at the end of the PN were taken to analyze plasma retinol, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, coenzyme Q9 and coenzyme Q10 levels, and catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in lysed erythrocytes. Results: An increase in plasma α-tocopherol levels in the group of patients receiving the fish oil-containing emulsion (FO) compared with the group receiving the soybean emulsion was observed at day 10 of PN. Concurrently, plasma α-tocopherol increased in the FO group and β-carotene decreased in both groups at day 10 compared with baseline levels, being more significant in the group receiving the FO emulsion. Conclusion: FO-containing emulsions in PN could improve the antioxidant profile by increasing levels of α-tocopherol in children after HSCT who are at higher risk of suffering oxidative stress and metabolic disorders.
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells response in human melioidosis.

BACKGROUND Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. In infected mice, IFN-γ can provide protection against B. pseudomallei infection. Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes, activated by recognition of glycolipid ligands such as α-Galactosylceramide presented by CD1d, produce and secrete several cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-4. The response of iNKT cells in human melioidosis was then investigated. OBJECTIVE To determine the iNKT cells response in human melioidosis. METHODS The number of human iNKT cells and its activation states were investigated in sepsis melioidosis patients compared with healthy controls using flow cytometry. The iNKT cells activation was confirmed in vitro using heatkilled B. pseudomallei with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The components induced iNKT cell were also determined using different concentration of B. pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide (LPS), heat-killed B. pseudomallei treated with or without DNase, RNase, or proteinase. RESULTS The number of human iNKT cells was significantly lower while the percentage of activated iNKT cells was higher in sepsis melioidosis when compared to control. In addition, B. pseudomallei can stimulate human iNKT cells in vitro. Heat-killed B. pseudomallei could activate iNKT cells but not relate to nucleic acid, proteins, or LPS. CONCLUSIONS We found for the first time that the iNKT cells were activated during B. pseudomallei infection in human. However, the roles and the mechanism of iNKT cells during early state of infection needed to be further investigated.
3D Seismic Analysis of the Geometry of Igneous Sills and Sill Junction Relationships

Abstract We use 3D seismic data in a novel way to describe the three-dimensional geometry of a number of igneous bodies intruded into the upper crust as well as to define and classify sill junction relationships. Igneous intrusions were emplaced into Upper Cretaceous and Palaeocene sediments of the Faroe-Shetland Basin during the Early Palaeogene and in many cases they adopt remarkable saucer- or trough-shaped geometries that are 2-8 km in diameter and have a vertical relief of several hundred metres. Individual intrusions are interlinked and form highly interconnected sill complexes. Three geometrically distinctive classes of sill junctions are defined and illustrated with examples from seismic data. Each class implies a specific evolutionary sequence of events and these are discussed for each of the classes of junction. The class of junction often changes along the line of junction with one class evolving in space to another. This has significant implications for spatial reconstruction of sill complexes based on two-dimensional outcrop and this is illustrated with reference to an example from a 3D seismic dataset.
Stevia Leaf to Stevia Sweetener : Exploring its Science , Benefits and Future Potential 1 , 2

1 Steviol glycoside sweeteners are extracted and purified from the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni 2 plant, a member of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family that is native to South America, where it 3 has been used for its sweet properties for hundreds of years. With continued rising rates of 4 obesity, diabetes and other related co-morbidities, in conjunction with global public policies 5 calling for reductions in sugar intake as a means to help curb these issues, low and no-calorie 6 sweeteners (LNCS) also known as high-potency sweeteners such as stevia are gaining interest 7 among consumers and food manufacturers. This appeal is related to stevia being plant-based, 8 zero calorie and a sweet taste that is 50 – 350 times sweeter than sugar, making it an excellent 9 choice for use in sugarand calorie-reduced food and beverage products. Despite the fact that the 10 safety of stevia has been affirmed by several food regulatory and safety authorities around the 11 world, insufficient education about stevia’s safety and benefits, including continuing concern 12 regarding the safety of LNCS in general, deters health professionals and consumers from 13 recommending and or using stevia. Therefore, the aim of this review and the stevia symposium 14 that preceded this review at the American Society for Nutrition’s annual conference in 2017 was 15 to examine in a comprehensive manner, the state of the science for stevia, its safety, potential 16 health benefits and future research and application. Topics covered include metabolism, safety 17 and acceptable intake, dietary exposure, impact on blood glucose and insulin levels, energy 18 intake and weight management, blood pressure, dental caries, naturality and processing, taste and 19 sensory properties, regulatory status, consumer insights and market trends. Data for stevia is 20 limited in the case of energy intake and weight management as well as the gut microbiome, 21 therefore the broader literature on LNCS were reviewed at the symposium and therefore are also 22 included in this review. 23
The structure of the Sea of the Hebrides Basin: an integrated gravity and seismic model

Synopsis By combining seismic and gravity data for the Sea of the Hebrides Basin it has been possible to overcome problems of sea bed multiples and poor energy transmission in seismic data where a sediment starved sea floor and extensive igneous intrusions and volcanic rocks close to the sea bed have previously inhibited detailed interpretation of the basin structure. Models for the basin structure, partly constrained by the seismic data, parallel to the dip and strike of the basin show a good correlation between calculated and observed gravity anomalies and are consistent with the onshore geology. The basin has a half graben geometry with late-Triassic syn-rift sediments thickening toward the eastward dipping Minch Fault, overlain by post-rift Jurassic sediments. Early Tertiary volcanism was followed by Oligocene extensional faulting.
Plasma blob events observed by KOMPSAT‐1 and DMSP F15 in the low latitude nighttime upper ionosphere

In this paper we report plasma blob events (plasma density enhancements) that were observed from KOMPSAT‐1 (685‐km altitude, 2250 LT) and from DMSP F15 (840‐km altitude, 2130 LT) in the low‐latitude F region. The blobs were observed mostly along the ±15° magnetic latitudes. Their global distribution showed a seasonal‐longitudinal dependence similar to the distribution of the equatorial plasma bubbles. The blobs drifted upward relative to the ambient plasma, and the electron temperatures and H+ proportions were lower within the blobs compared to those in the background. The characteristics of the plasma blobs were similar to those of the equatorial plasma bubbles. Therefore, it is suggested that the blobs originated from the lower altitudes by a mechanism that drives an upward drift of the plasma bubbles. The blob events did not occur in a correlated way with the magnetic activity or daily variation of solar activity.
Effect of ice sheet interactions in anthropogenic climate change simulations

We investigate the effect of ice sheets on climate change under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations with an atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) coupled to a thermomechanical ice sheet model and a vegetation model. The effect of increased meltwater fluxes from ice sheets turned out to be negligible in the phase of initial weakening of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and more important during the recovery in subsequent centuries. Lower surface height of the Greenland ice sheet (GRIS) leads locally to a warming, especially in winter, and remotely to a cooling over northern Eurasia due to modified atmospheric circulation. With quadrupling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration the entire GRIS is exposed to surface melt in summer. On formerly ice‐covered grid points climate locally warms strongly via increased albedos, with positive feedbacks due to boreal forest expansion.
Sea Level: Earth’s Dominant Elevation—Implications for Duration and Magnitudes of Sea Level Variations

High-resolution digital elevation models of Earth’s solid-fluid interface reveal that Earth’s bimodal elevation distribution is characterized by a dominant mode at or very close to present-day sea level. It is hypothesized that sea level is Earth’s dominant modal elevation because it is the only elevation where two opposing first-order surface processes—erosion and deposition—act to increase the area of a single elevation. The observation that sea level is the dominant elevation implies that (1) the time needed for the modal elevation to adjust is very short and/or (2) long-term (∼106–107 yr) mean sea level has not varied significantly from its present height. The mass of material that defines the sea level modal elevation is quite small, whether integrated over 1 or 100 m of thickness, and could be transported in <104 yr. This would suggest that the shoreline, at no matter what height relative to the present 0-m elevation, was probably always Earth’s dominant elevation. However, Eurasia, North America, and Australia have dominant elevations near sea level, and their entire above-sea-level hypsometries appear to be graded to present-day sea level. In contrast, Africa and South America have dominant elevations significantly higher than sea level and appear to be graded to elevations significantly higher than sea level. The erosional adjustment time scale of continental hypsometries is >107 yr. This would suggest that Eurasia, North America, and Australia have been graded to a height of sea level close to present-day 0 m on a time scale of at least one to a few times 107 yr. Reconstruction of a new global sea level curve for the past 150 m.yr. using areas of continental flooding as a function of time suggest that long-term sea level has been at or close to present-day sea level on a time scale of 40 m.yr. and was not more than ∼150 m higher at any time in the past 150 m.yr. Given 106–107-yr time scales and modest amplitudes of sea level variability, it is perhaps not surprising that most continents are characterized by modern sea level as their dominant modal elevation.
Uniform accretion of oceanic crust south of the Garrett transform at 14°15′S on the East Pacific Rise

Using migrated common depth point reflection profiles, we find the structural differences along the ultrafast spreading (>150 mm/yr) East Pacific Rise south of the Garrett fracture zone are second-order, suggesting a remarkably uniform process of crustal accretion. The rise axis south of the Garrett transform is underlain by a narrow (<1.0 km) melt lens which shows great along-strike continuity. The depth of the axial melt sill is approximately 1200 m beneath the seafloor which is about 400 m shallower than along the slower spreading East Pacific Rise at 9°30′N. This observation strengthens the argument that the depth to the top of the crustal velocity inversion is spreading rate dependent. Melt sill width, however, shows little variation along the East Pacific Rise, suggesting no dependence of magma chamber size on spreading rate. The melt reservoir decreases in width toward/across the 14°27′S ridge axis discontinuity by a modest 250–300 m and appears to be continuous across this feature. Given the small aspect ratio (∼1.0 km by ∼50 m by tens of kilometers) of the axial melt lens, the previously recorded jump in MgO content across the 14°27′S offset is likely the result of a mixing boundary which is sustained through an along-strike impedance in convection. Wide-angle reflections originating at the base of seismic layer 2A, assumed to coincide with the extrusive layer, reveal a twofold to threefold increase (200–250 to 500–600 m) in thickness within 1–2 km of the rise axis. The pattern of extrusive thickening imaged south of the Garrett transform is similar to that observed along the slower spreading (110–120 mm/yr) East Pacific Rise at 9°N. Outside of the neovolcanic zone mean extrusive thickness is relatively invariant along a profile and from profile to profile. This implies a degree of temporal stability of the along-strike magma supply when integrated over the 10 kyr that corresponds to the width of the neovolcanic zone. The inferred uniformity of off-axis mean extrusive thickness is inconsistent with the conjecture that decreases in axial volume toward the 14°27′S discontinuity are caused by long-term reductions in magma supply. Second-order differences in the style of extrusive thickening may be related to structural differences within the low-velocity zone underlying the rise axis and/or changes within the stress field in the overlying carapace which results in the diffuse emplacement of lavas near the rise axis. Images of Mono on cross-axis profiles may be traced to within ∼1.0 km of the melt sill edge; this observation is in agreement with rise crest models which generate the lower crustal section through the advection of material down and outward from the axial melt lens rather than through cumulate deposition at the base of a large magma chamber.
Considering Streamflow Trend Analyses Uncertainty in Urbanizing Watersheds: A Baseflow Case Study in the Central United States

AbstractAssuming pro rata reductions in baseflow resulting from urban development may not be valid in all urbanizing watersheds. Anthropogenic offsets or compensatory contributions to baseflow (e.g., net exfiltration from sewer lines, wastewater effluents, and lawn irrigation) may mask or confound fundamental changes in hydrologic pathways. These offsets illustrate the complexities of urban flow processes and the need for improved understanding to mitigate urban development impacts. The authors used two dissimilar automated baseflow separation algorithms and Monte Carlo techniques to evaluate urban baseflow and estimation uncertainty using data from a representative urban watershed in the central United States. Three uncertainties affecting trend determinations were assessed, including algorithm structure, precipitation–runoff relationships, and baseflow algorithm parameterization. Results indicate that, despite ongoing population growth and development, annual streamflow metrics in the authors' represent.
The application of digital elevation model for the interpretation of Klang Valley geological structure

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to utilise the interactive view capability of the geographical information system (GIS) for the geological interpretation in Klang Valley, Malaysia.Design/methodology/approach – Topographical map scale of 1:10 000 was used to generate digital elevation model (DEM). The geological map was draped over the DEM to create a 3D perspective view. The geological interpretation was undertaken using the 3D capability of the GIS software.Findings – From the study, five lineaments which could possibly be the newly identified faults and one lithological boundary have been delineated.Research limitations/implications – Although these findings need to be rechecked in the field, they show the capability of the DEM application in structural geology interpretation.Practical implications – The results obtained from this study demonstrate the capability of utilising a geological map draped over DEM for structural geological interpretation. Thus the technique may increase the interpretat.
MODELING OF SINKHOLES IN WEAKLY CEMENTED SAND

Sinkhole development in a profile with a weakly cemented sand overlain by an uncemented sand and underlain by a karst limestone was studied using 51 reduced-scale, stress-correct centrifuge models. The interaction between the thickness (\iH\d\ic), cohesive strength (\ic), and unit weight (γ\i\dc) of the cemented sand layer; the thickness (\iH\i\ds) and unit weight (γ\d\is) of the uncemented sand overburden; and the diameter (\iD) of the cavity in the underlying karst formation was examined. Collapse of the cemented sand layer into the underlying opening was observed to occur either as a breakthrough plug with steeply inclined sides at an average angle of 61° to the horizontal or as a dome fallout that left behind a stable arch. The type of failure depended on the model geometry, described by \iH\i\dc/\iD. A dimensionless design chart was developed to predict failure, relating \iNγ\d\ic\iH\d\ic/\ic to \iH\i\dc/\iD for configurations without uncemented sand overburden. The overburden pressure over the cavity at collapse was less than the geostatic overburden pressure. The fraction of full geostatic stress decreased with increasing overburden depth relative to the size of the cavity opening and approached an asymptotic value of about 5%.