Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON INFORMATICS

— Cryptocurrencies created by Nakamoto in 2009 have gained significant interest due to their potential for high returns. However, the cryptocurrency market's unpredictability makes it challenging to forecast prices accurately. To tackle this issue, a deep learning model has been developed that utilizes Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to predict cryptocurrency prices. LSTMs, a type of recurrent neural network, are well-suited for analyzing time series data and have been successful in various prediction applications. Additionally, CNNs, primarily used for image analysis tasks, can be employed to extract relevant patterns and characteristics from input data in Bitcoin price prediction applications. This study contributes to the existing related works on cryptocurrency price prediction by exploring various predictive models and techniques, which involve a machine learning model, deep learning model, time series analysis, and as well as a hybrid model that combines deep learning methods to predict cryptocurrency prices as well as enhance the accuracy and reliability of the price predictions. To ensure accurate predictions in this study, a trustworthy dataset from investing.com was sought. The dataset, sourced from investing.com, consists of 1826 time series data samples. The dataset covers the time frame from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, providing data for a period of 5 years. Subsequently, pre-processing was conducted on the dataset to guarantee the quality of the input. As a result of absent values and concerns regarding the dataset's obsolescence, an alternative dataset was sourced to avoid these issues. The performance of the LSTM and CNN models was evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and R-squared (R 2 ). It was observed that they outperformed each other to a certain degree in short-term forecasts compared to long-term predictions, where the R 2 values for LSTM range from 0.973 to 0.986, while for CNNs, they range from 0.972 to 0.988 for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days windows length. Nevertheless, the LSTM model demonstrated the most favorable performance with the lowest error rate. The RMSE values for the LSTM model ranged from 1203.97 to 1645.36, whereas the RMSE values for the CNNs model ranged from 1107.77 to 1670.93. As a result, the LSTM model exhibited a lower error rate in RMSE and achieved the highest accuracy in R 2 compared to the CNNs model. Considering these comparative outcomes, the LSTM model can be deemed as the most suitable model for this specific case.
Pure-Past Action Masking

We present Pure-Past Action Masking (PPAM), a lightweight approach to action masking for safe reinforcement learning. In PPAM, actions are disallowed (“masked”) according to specifications expressed in Pure-Past Linear Temporal Logic (PPLTL). PPAM can enforce non-Markovian constraints, i.e., constraints based on the history of the system, rather than just the current state of the (possibly hidden) MDP. The features used in the safety constraint need not be the same as those used by the learning agent, allowing a clear separation of concerns between the safety constraints and reward specifications of the (learning) agent. We prove formally that an agent trained with PPAM can learn any optimal policy that satisfies the safety constraints, and that they are as expressive as shields, another approach to enforce non-Markovian constraints in RL. Finally, we provide empirical results showing how PPAM can guarantee constraint satisfaction in practice.
Evaluation of HHLA2 and CD8 Immunohistochemical Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma and Their Prognostic Significance

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Human endogenous retrovirus H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) is a novel immune checkpoint molecule. The association between HHLA2 expression and clinicopathological features and its prognostic significance in CRC patients are still controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of HHLA2 and CD8 in CRC. Material and methods: This retrospective study included 134 cases diagnosed with primary CRC at the Gastrointestinal Surgery Center (GISC) department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, during the period from December 2014 to December 2018. Clinicopathological and survival data were collected. IHC for HHLA2 and CD8 was performed, and they were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis. Results: Among 134 CRC cases, high HHLA2 expression was detected in 73 (54.5%). High HHLA2 expression was significantly related to the depth of invasion (P = 0.005*), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.01*), tumor stage )P = 0.002*), and distant recurrence )P = 0.012*). Multivariate analysis spotted HHLA2 high expression as an independent prognostic predictor for OS in CRC (P = 0.03*) and DFS (P = 0.008*). CD8 shows a significant correlation with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (P ≤ 0.001*), absence of metastasis ((P = 0.029*), absence of tumor deposits (P=0.014*). However, CD8 shows no significant association with survival or HHLA2. Conclusion: HHLA2 is an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival and disease free survival of CRC patients and can predict poor prognosis in CRC patients.
Determinants of Individual Household’s Lending to the Commercial Bank in Can Tho City of Viet Nam

This paper investigates the factors that are affected the savings decision of individual customers at commercial banks in the province of Can Tho city. Data used in the paper were gathered from a survey of individual households in the province of Can Tho city. The method used is a Double hurdle models which included a probit regression model and Tobit regression model. The findings show that factors affecting the savings decision, the amount of deposits are the educational levels, relatives working at the banks, the distance to the bank, income of individual households and interest rates. Based on research, this topic has proposed some solutions to help commercial banks exploit idle capital, expand customer network and improve the situation of raising capital in the province of Can Tho city.
말소리와 음성과학

The current study investigated the influence of age of L2 acquisition (AOA) and length of residence (LOR) in the L2 setting country on the production of voicing-conditioned vowel duration and spectral qualities in English by Korean learners. The primary aim was to explore the ways in which the language-specific phonetic features are acquired by the age of onset and L2 experience. Analyses of the archived corpus data produced by 45 native speakers of Korean showed that, regardless of AOA or LOR, absolute vowel duration was used as a salient correlate of voicing contrast in English for Korean learners. The accuracy of relative vowel duration was influenced more by onset age than by L2 experience, suggesting that being exposed to English at an early age may benefit the acquisition of temporal dimension. On the other hand, the spectral characteristics of English vowels were more consistently influenced by L2 experience, indicating that immersive experience in the L2 speaking environment are likely to improve the accurate production of vowel quality. The distinct influence of the onset age and L2 experience on the specific phonetic cues in L2 vowel production provides insight into the intricate relationship between the two factors on the manifestation of L2 phonological knowledge.
The Elasticity of Substitution in Demand for Non-Tradable Goods in Costa Rica

In this study, Heckler & Childers' (1992) two-dimensional conceptualization of incongruity is employed and related to the different schemas that consumers use in ad processing. Consumers can relate advertising to expectations about ads for the product concerned from the ad schema or to brand-related expectations from the brand schema. If an ad is incongruent with the brand schema, consumer responses to incongruity do not only reflect expectancy of the ad, but also involve determining relevancy to the brand, consistent with the two-dimensional conceptualization of incongruity. However, if an ad is incongruent with the ad schema consumers will only react to the expectancy dimension of incongruity. Therefore, these two types of incongruity have different consequences in terms of consumer evaluation, processing and categorization. We find that incongruity with the ad schema mainly has affective consequences. Ads that are incongruent with the ad schema lead to more arousal and consequently more favorable ad evaluations than ads that are congruent with the ad schema. Incongruity with the brand schema has predominantly cognitive consequences. Ads that are incongruent with the brand schema lead to more extensive processing than ads that are congruent with the brand schema. Brand beliefs and categorization change as a result of incongruent advertising information.
Title: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BUSINESS SUPPORT SERVICES IN ENGLAND: EVIDENCE FROM A THEORY BASED EVALUATION

In England, publicly supported advisory services for small firms are organised primarily through the Business Link (BL) network. Based on the programme theory underlying this business support services we develop four propositions and test these empirically using data from a new survey of over 3,000 English small firms. Our empirical results provide a broad validation of the programme theory underlying BL assistance for small firms in England during 2003, and more limited support for its effectiveness. More specifically, we find strong support for the value of BL operators maintaining a high profile as a way of boosting take-up. We also find some support for the approach to market segmentation adopted by BL allowing more intensive assistance to be targeted on younger firms and those with limited liability status. In terms of the outcomes of BL support, and allowing for issues of sample selection, we find no significant effects on growth from ‘other’ assistance but do find positive and significant employment growth effects from intensive assistance. This provides partial support for the programme theory assertion that BL support will lead to improvements in business growth performance and stronger support for the proposition that there would be differential outcomes from intensive and other assistance. The positive employment growth outcomes identified here from intensive assistance, even allowing for sample selection, suggest something of an improvement in the effectiveness of the BL network since the late 1990s.
Root development and moisture use in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) as influenced by crop variety and nitrogen

Root development of wheat (Triticum aeslivlrm L. emend. Fiori & Pool.) and barely (Hordeurn vulgure L. sensu lato) and its consequent effect on moisture use, yield and moisture-use efficiency under the influence of varieties and nitrogen levels was studied at Kanpur, during 1986-87 and 1987-88 under moisture-scarce conditions on light-textured alluvium soil. In wheat, except root depth, variety K 78 showed better root development, higher moisture extraction, yield and nloisture- use efficiency than the other varieties. In barley, best developnlent of roots in respect of depth, number of primary roots, moisture use, yield and moisture-use efficiency was observed in variety Lakhan. Application of N @ 60 kgha resulted in the maximum root expansion, moisture use, moisture-use efficiency and yield of wheat and barely compared with that obtained with 0,20 and 40 kg Nha.
Differences in atrial substrate localization using late gadolinium enhancement-magnetic resonance imaging, electrogram voltage, and conduction velocity: a cohort study using a consistent anatomical reference frame in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

Aims Electro-anatomical voltage, conduction velocity (CV) mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been correlated with atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM). However, the comparability between these modalities remains unclear. This study aims to (i) compare pathological substrate extent and location between current modalities, (ii) establish spatial histograms in a cohort, (iii) develop a new estimated optimized image intensity threshold (EOIIT) for LGE-MRI identifying patients with ACM, (iv) predict rhythm outcome after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).
and Climate Change: Betting on a Stable Population

eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. Abstract: A standard assumption in integrated assessment models of climate change is that population and productivity are growing, but at a decreasing rate. We explore the signifcance of the assumption of population and productivity growth for greenhouse gas abatement. After all, there has been no long run slow down in the growth of productivity over the past few centuries, and the rate of population growth has actually been increasing for the past 19 centuries. Even if either of these growth rates were expected to slow, by how much is subject to great uncertainty. We show computationally that such continued growth greatly increases the severity of climate change. Indeed we nd that climate change is a problem in large part caused by exogenous population and productivity growth. Rapid reductions in growth make climate change a small problem; smaller reductions in growth imply climate change is a very serious problem indeed. Analogously, reductions in the growth rate of population can be effective in controlling climate change. Abstract A standard assumption in integrated assessment models of climate change is that population and productivity are growing, but at a decreasing rate. We explore the signi(cid:12)cance of the assumption of population and productivity growth for greenhouse gas abatement. After all, there has been no long run slow down in the growth of productivity over the past few centuries, and the rate of population growth has actually been increasing for the past 19 centuries. Even if either of these growth rates were expected to slow, by how much is subject to great uncertainty. We show computationally that such continued growth greatly increases the severity of climate change. Indeed we (cid:12)nd that climate change is a problem in large part \caused" by exogenous population and productivity growth. Rapid reductions in growth make climate change a small problem; smaller reductions in growth imply climate change is a very serious problem indeed. Analogously, reductions in the growth rate of population can be e(cid:11)ective in controlling climate change.
Atypical Hemispheric Specialization for Faces in Infants at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Among the many experimental findings that tend to distinguish those with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are face processing deficits, reduced hemispheric specialization, and atypical neurostructural and functional connectivity. To investigate the earliest manifestations of these features, we examined lateralization of event‐related gamma‐band coherence to faces during the first year of life in infants at high risk for autism (HRA; defined as having an older sibling with ASD) who were compared with low‐risk comparison (LRC) infants, defined as having no family history of ASD. Participants included 49 HRA and 46 LRC infants who contributed a total of 127 data sets at 6 and 12 months. Electroencephalography was recorded while infants viewed images of familiar/unfamiliar faces. Event‐related gamma‐band (30–50 Hz) phase coherence between anterior–posterior electrode pairs for left and right hemispheres was computed. Developmental trajectories for lateralization of intra‐hemispheric coherence were significantly different in HRA and LRC infants: by 12 months, HRA infants showed significantly greater leftward lateralization compared with LRC infants who showed rightward lateralization. Preliminary results indicate that infants who later met criteria for ASD were those that showed the greatest leftward lateralization. HRA infants demonstrate an aberrant pattern of leftward lateralization of intra‐hemispheric coherence by the end of the first year of life, suggesting that the network specialized for face processing may develop atypically. Further, infants with the greatest leftward asymmetry at 12 months where those that later met criteria for ASD, providing support to the growing body of evidence that atypical hemispheric specialization may be an early neurobiological marker for ASD. Autism Res 2015, 8: 187–198. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Competitive Equilibria with a Constant Number of Chores

We study markets with mixed manna, where m divisible goods and chores shall be divided among n agents to obtain a competitive equilibrium. Equilibrium allocations are known to satisfy many fairness and efficiency conditions. While a lot of recent work in fair division is restricted to linear utilities and chores, we focus on a substantial generalization to separable piecewise-linear and concave (SPLC) utilities and mixed manna. We first derive polynomial-time algorithms for markets with a constant number of items or a constant number of agents. Our main result is a polynomial-time algorithm for instances with a constant number of chores (as well as any number of goods and agents) under the condition that chores dominate the utility of the agents. Interestingly, this stands in contrast to the case when the goods dominate the agents utility in equilibrium, where the problem is known to be PPAD-hard even without chores.
The tectonic evolution of the Bogda region from Late Carboniferous to Triassic time: evidence from detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and sandstone petrography

Abstract Field-based mapping, sandstone petrology, palaeocurrent measurements and zircon cathodoluminescence images, as well as detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology were integrated to investigate the provenance of the Upper Carboniferous – Upper Triassic sedimentary rocks from the northern Bogda Mountains, and further to constrain their tectonic evolution. Variations in sandstone composition suggest that the Upper Carboniferous – Lower Triassic sediments displayed less sedimentary recycling than the Middle–Upper Triassic sediments. U–Pb isotopic dating using the LA-ICP-MS method on zircons from 12 sandstones exhibited similar zircon U–Pb age distribution patterns with major age groups at 360–320 Ma and 320–300 Ma, and with some grains giving ages of > 541 Ma, 541–360 Ma, 300–250 Ma and 250–200 Ma. Coupled with the compiled palaeocurrent data, the predominant sources were the Late Carboniferous volcanic rocks of the North Tianshan and Palaeozoic magmatic rocks of the Yili–Central Tianshan. There was also input from the Bogda Mountains in Middle–Late Triassic time. The comprehensive geological evidence indicates that the Upper Carboniferous – Lower Permian strata were probably deposited in an extensional context which was related to a rift or post-collision rather than arc-related setting. Conspicuously, the large range of U–Pb ages of the detrital zircons, increased sedimentary lithic fragments, fluvial deposits and contemporaneous Triassic zircon ages argue for a Middle–Late Triassic orogenic movement, which was considered to be the initial uplift of the Bogda Mountains.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Self-assembled nanospheres with multiple endohedral binding sites pre-organize catalysts and substrates for highly efficient reactions

Tuning reagent and catalyst concentrations is crucial in the development of ef ﬁ cient catalytic transformations. In enzyme-catalysed reactions the substrate is bound — often by multiple non-covalent interactions — in a well-de ﬁ ned pocket close to the active site of the enzyme; this pre-organization facilitates highly ef ﬁ cient transformations. Here we report an arti ﬁ cial system that co-encapsulates multiple catalysts and substrates within the con ﬁ ned space de ﬁ ned by an M 12 L 24 nanosphere that contains 24 endohedral guanidinium-binding sites. Cooperative binding means that sulfonate guests are bound much more strongly than carboxylates. This difference has been used to ﬁ x gold-based catalysts ﬁ rmly, with the remaining binding sites left to pre-organize substrates. This strategy was applied to a Au( I )-catalysed cyclization of acetylenic acid to enol lactone in which the pre-organization resulted in much higher reaction rates. We also found that the encapsulated sulfonate-containing Au( I ) catalysts did not convert neutral (acid) substrates, and so could have potential in the development of substrate-selective catalysis and base-triggered on/off switching of catalysis.
Drought in the Paciﬁc Northwest, 1920–2013

The severity–area–duration (SAD) method is used in conjunction with the Variable Inﬁltration Capacity model (VIC) to identify the major historical total moisture (TM; soil moisture plus snow water equivalent) droughts over the Paciﬁc Northwest region, deﬁned as the Columbia River basin and the region’s coastal drainages, for the period 1920–2013. The motivation is to understand how droughts identiﬁed using TM (a measure similar to that used in the U.S. Drought Monitor) relate to sector-speciﬁc drought measures that are more relevant to users. It is found that most of the SAD space is dominated by an extended drought period during the 1930s, although the most severe shorter droughts are in the 1970s (1976–78) and early 2000s (2000– 04). The impact of the three severe TM droughts that dominate most of the SAD space are explored in terms of sector-speciﬁc measures relevant to dryland and irrigated agriculture, hydropower generation, municipal water supply, and recreation. It is found that in many cases the most severe droughts identiﬁed using the SAD methodalso appearamongthemostseveresector-speciﬁcdroughts;however,thereareimportantexceptions. Twotypesofinconsistenciesareexaminedandthenatureoftheconditionsthatgiverisetothemareexplored.
Do Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding Models Learn or Memorize Shortcuts?

Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding models predict missing facts in temporal knowledge graphs. Previous work on static knowledge graph embedding models has revealed that KGE models utilize shortcuts in test set leakage to achieve high performance. In this work, we show that a similar test set leakage problem exists in widely used temporal knowledge graph datasets ICEWS14 and ICEWS05-15. We propose a naive rule-based model that can achieve start-of-the-art results on both datasets without a deep-learning process. Following this consideration, we construct two more challenging datasets for the evaluation of TKGEs 1 .