Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuro-Symbolic Deductive Reasoning for Cross-Knowledge Graph Entailment

A significant and recent development in neural-symbolic learning are deep neural networks that can reason over symbolic knowledge graphs (KGs). A particular task of interest is KG entailment , which is to infer the set of all facts that are a logical consequence of current and potential facts of a KG. Initial neural-symbolic systems that can deduce the entailment of a KG have been presented, but they are limited: current systems learn fact relations and entailment patterns specific to a particular KG and hence do not truly generalize, and must be retrained for each KG they are tasked with entailing. We propose a neural-symbolic system to address this limitation in this paper. It is designed as a differentiable end-to-end deep memory network that learns over abstract, generic symbols to discover entailment patterns common to any reasoning task. A key component of the system is a simple but highly effective normalization process for continuous representation learning of KG entities within memory networks. Our results show how the model, trained over a set of KGs, can effectively entail facts from KGs excluded from the training, even when the vocabulary or the domain of test KGs is completely different from the training KGs.
Emf Measurements of Electrochemically Prepared Lithium‐Aluminum Alloy

The open‐circuit voltages of the cell were measured over the composition range of 6.9–50 a/o (atom per cent) alloy in the temperature range 282°–389°C. The composition of the alloy was varied by coulometrically charging and discharging the cell. The emf values of the cell are independent of the composition up to 47 a/o lithium in the alloy and their temperature dependence follows the relationship , where is in millivolts, , and σ is the standard deviation. The constant potential exhibited by the alloy is ascribed to the formation of phase on the alloy surface. The standard free energies of formation for are estimated to be −7.49, −7.24, and − 7.09 kcal/mole at 300°, 350°, and 380°C, respectively. The standard enthalpy and entropy of formation are constant, −10.40 kcal/mole and −5.08 cal/mole deg, respectively, in this temperature range. Since the electrochemically prepared lithium‐aluminum alloy has a constant potential over a wide composition range and exhibits good electrochemical behavior, it can serve as a good reference electrode as well as a high energy density anode in molten salt systems containing lithium.
The Impact of Teacher’s Indirect Written Corrective Feedback on Eleventh Graders’ Explanation Writing Ability

ABSTRACTThis study is intended to acquire empirical evidence regarding the impact of the teacher's Indirect Written Corrective Feedback on students' writing ability of explanation texts. Fifty six students enrolling at a high school in Jakarta were selected as the sample. They were separately distributed in the experimental class and the control class that respectively contained 28 students. Purposive sampling was utilized to recognize who the research subjects were and what level of their competence was for inclusion in this study. A quasi-experimental design, which is a subpart of a quantitative method, was employed. The data were assembled by running a writing test in the pre-test and post-test sections, whose results were followed by normality and homogeneity tests. The findings showed that the experimental class’ post-test outcome was 64.71, while the control class’ post-test was 58.25. Since the t-value surpasses the t-table (2.502>1.675), it indicates that the teacher's Indirect Written Corrective Feedback has a significant effect on improving students' writing explanation texts.ABSTRAKStudi ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti riil terkait pengaruh dari umpan balik tertulis tidak langsung oleh guru terhadap kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks eksplanasi. 56 siswa yang bersekolah di sebuah sekolah menengah atas terpilih sebagai sampel. Siswa tersebut terbagi dalam kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, yang masing-masing kelas berisikan 28 orang. Oleh karenanya, purposive sampling diterapkan karena peneliti sudah mengetahui siapa saja subjek penelitian dan kompetensi apa saja yang dimiliki. Desain kuasi-eksperimen yang merupakan sub-bagian dari metode kuantitatif digunakan oleh peneliti. Data diperoleh dengan mengadakan ujian tes tulis yang terdapat pada pra-tes dan pasca-tes yang diikuti dengna uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil pasca-tes yang diraih oleh siswa di kelas eksperimen sebesar 64.71, sedangkan 58.25 adalah hasil dari siswa kelas kontrol. Karena nilai t hitung melampaui nilai t tabel (2.502>1.675), maka hal tersebut menandakan umpan balik tertulis tidak langsung oleh guru memiliki dampak yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa menulis teks eksplanasi.
The Effects of Visual Stimuli on Induced Emotional Responses in Popular Music

Many studies have established a link between music and visual stimuli (film music, visual imagery and live performances of classical music); however, popular music has gained less academic attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of visual stimuli, in the form of music videos, on a listener’s induced emotional response in popular music. Twentysix participants were asked to listen to four musical examples by Beyoncé, in both audio-only and audio-visual conditions, and rate their induced emotional response using the GEMS-9 scale after each condition. The musical examples in this experiment demonstrated that power was the strongest emotion in both conditions, sadness had the greatest increase from the audio-only to the audio-visual condition, and peacefulness was the only emotion that did not increase from the audio-only to the audiovisual condition. Overall, the experiment demonstrated that average total emotion was significantly stronger in the audiovisual condition; therefore, supporting the hypothesis that the addition of visual stimuli increases the strength of the listeners’ induced emotional response in popular music.
Functional consequences of convergently evolved microscopic skin features on snake locomotion

Significance Animal skins are complex, highly specialized surfaces that are decorated with a variety of small structural features, whose functional benefits are often unknown. We investigate the microscopic features present on snake skins—which serve as the only interface between these animals and their environments—and we discover that distantly related sidewinding vipers have a unique structure that is distinct from other snakes. We develop a mathematical model that links structure to function and provides insight into evolutionary and behavioral adaptation in limbless locomotion. The small structures that decorate biological surfaces can significantly affect behavior, yet the diversity of animal–environment interactions essential for survival makes ascribing functions to structures challenging. Microscopic skin textures may be particularly important for snakes and other limbless locomotors, where substrate interactions are mediated solely through body contact. While previous studies have characterized ventral surface features of some snake species, the functional consequences of these textures are not fully understood. Here, we perform a comparative study, combining atomic force microscopy measurements with mathematical modeling to generate predictions that link microscopic textures to locomotor performance. We discover an evolutionary convergence in the ventral skin structures of a few sidewinding specialist vipers that inhabit sandy deserts—an isotropic texture that is distinct from the head-to-tail-oriented, micrometer-sized spikes observed on a phylogenetically broad sampling of nonsidewinding vipers and other snakes from diverse habitats and wide geographic range. A mathematical model that relates structural directionality to frictional anisotropy reveals that isotropy enhances movement during sidewinding, whereas anisotropy improves movement during slithering via lateral undulation of the body. Our results highlight how an integrated approach can provide quantitative predictions for structure–function relationships and insights into behavioral and evolutionary adaptations in biological systems.
Recent Advances and Opportunities of Lead-Free Perovskite Nanocrystal for Optoelectronic Application

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), as a new class of light-emitting and light-harvesting materials, have recently attracted intensive attention for an impressive variety of optoelectronic applications. However, the lead toxicity and poor stability of such materials severely restrict their practical applications and future commercialization. Lead-free perovskite NCs and their derivatives, designed by the reasonable chemical substitution of Pb with other nontoxic elements, are recently booming as an attractive alternative to lead-based counterparts. In this review, we firstly present a comprehensive overview of currently explored lead-free perovskite NCs with an emphasis on their design routes, morphologies, optoelectronic properties, and environmental stability issues. Then, we discuss the preliminary achievements of lead-free perovskite NCs in versatile optoelectronic applications, such as light-emitting devices, solar cells, photodetectors, and photocatalysis. We finish this review with a critical outlook into the currently existing challenges and possible development opportunities of this rapidly evolving field.
A Pilot Study for Assessing a Novel Method of Measuring Shoulder Activation in Healthy Volunteers Using Surface Electromyography

Background: Electromyography (EMG) technology has been shown to accurately measure individual muscle activation, force, and fatigue, and thus presents as an interesting aid to medical diagnosis. Surface EMG is a noninvasive alternative to traditional, intramuscular EMG. Our aim is to assess the feasibility of using surface EMG technology to measure activity of eight different shoulder muscles in healthy volunteers performing both daily living and range of motion exercises.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Gastric Cancer Aggressiveness through Upregulation of Cell Mobility and Interferon Genes

Background Fusobacterium nucleatum was previously found to become a dominant species in the gastric cancer-associated microbiota of patients from Taiwan. However, the prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum infection in gastric cancer has not been examined in a larger patient cohort. In addition, whether Fusobacterium nucleatum elicits a cellular response in gastric cancer remains unknown.Methods A study cohort of resected gastric cancer tissue specimens was examined using nested PCR to detect Fusobacterium nucleatum. In vitro coculture of Fusobacterium nucleatum was carried out to identify the alteration in the expression profile of patient-derived gastric cancer cell line.Results approximately one-third of gastric cancer tissues are positive for Fusobacterium nucleatum. Statistical analysis showed that the risk for Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is increased in late-stage cancer tissue specimens and incurs poorer survival in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients. In vitro coculture experiment shows a drastic interferon response activated only by a high multiplicity of infection, and the response peaks within 24 hours and subsides after 72 hours of incubation. Another set of response genes is the continuous increase of actins and their regulators with prolonged time of incubation, activated by both low and high multiplicity of infection.Conclusions Our data indicates that Fusobacterium nucleatum incites an inflammatory response from the cancer cells and promotes cell mobility, likely
Effect of xylanase pretreatment on the kraft pulping of poplar

This study aimed to determine the influence of prehydrolysis of wood chips on the kraft pulping of Populus x euramericana. Optimum cooking conditions were determined by evaluating different alkali concentrations and cooking periods. Xylanase was used to hydrolyze chips before cooking. Prehydrolysis process increased the yield and viscosity of pulp. Consequently, the mechanical properties of paper changed remarkably. In contrast, the optical properties of the unbleached kraft pulp declined due to lignin content.
From Detailed Description of Chemical Reacting Carbon Particles to Subgrid Models for CFD

This work is devoted to the development and validation of a sub-model for the partial oxidation of a spherical char particle moving in an air/steam atmosphere. The particle diameter is 2 mm. The coal particle is represented by moisture- and ash-free nonporous carbon while the coal rank is implemented using semi-global reaction rate expressions taken from the literature. The submodel includes six gaseous chemical species (O 2 , C O 2 , CO, H 2 O , H 2 , N 2 ). Three heterogeneous reactions are employed, along with two homogeneous semi-global reactions, namely carbon monoxide oxidation and the water-gas-shift reaction. The distinguishing feature of the subgrid model is that it takes into account the influence of homogeneous reactions on integral characteristics such as carbon combustion rates and particle temperature. The sub-model was validated by comparing its results with a comprehensive CFD-based model resolving the issues of bulk flow and boundary layer around the particle. In this model, the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the energy and species conservation equations were used to solve the problem by means of the pseudo-steady state approach. At the surface of the particle, the balance of mass, energy and species concentration was applied including the effect of the Stefan flow and heat loss due to radiation at the surface of the particle. Good agreement was achieved between the sub-model and the CFD-based model. Additionally, the CFD-based model was verified against experimental data published in the literature (Makino et al. (2003) Combust. Flame 132, 743-753). Good agreement was achieved between numerically predicted and experimentally obtained data for input conditions corresponding to the kinetically controlled regime. The maximal discrepancy (10%) between the experiments and the numerical results was observed in the diffusion-controlled regime. Finally, we discuss the influence of the Reynolds number, the ambient O 2 mass fraction and the ambient temperature on the char particle behaviour.
Towards an integrated seismic hazard monitoring in Nigeria using geophysical and geodetic techniques

Nigeria is not situated where major seismic activities are observed in the world; but the country has experienced pockets of tremors comprising of magnitudes ranging from 4.3 to 4.5. The vibrations of the September 11, 2009 event with magnitude 4.4 and epicenter at Allada, Benin Republic, 128 km west of Lagos, Nigeria, was felt in parts of Ibadan and Ogun State, South-western Nigeria. In the same vein, an earthquake with body wave magnitude of 4.4 had occurred in Nigeria in 2000 and was recorded by some agencies like the International Seismological Centre (ISC). Most of the previous events occurred in South-western Nigeria where a major fault (the Ifewara-Zungeru fault), is believed to exist. Despite these events, effective monitoring for early warning is non-existent in Nigeria. With the obvious knowledge of earth’s dynamism, the need to adopt proactive measures on seismic hazard monitoring is being seriously pursued with the help of seismological and geodetic equipment. This paper examines prospects of integrated seismic hazards monitoring in Nigeria. Key words: Earthquakes, Ifewara-Zungeru fault, geophysical and space-based equipment, Nigerian National Network of Seismological Stations, integrated monitoring scheme.
Preferences of patients with rheumatoid arthritis regarding disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a discrete choice experiment Patient Adherence

Knowledge of these subgroups as well as factors associated with subgroup membership supports health care professionals in the understanding of what matters to patients in clinical decision-making. Objectives: To identify subgroups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on their shared preferences toward disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and to identify factors associated with subgroup membership. Methods: A discrete choice experiment to determine DMARD preferences of adult patients with RAwas designed based on a literature review, expert recommendations, and focus groups. In this multicenter study, patients were asked to state their preferred choice between two different hypothetical treatment options, described by seven DMARD characteristics with three levels within each characteristic. Latent class analyses and multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify subgroups and the characteristics (patient characteristics, disease-related variables, and beliefs about medicines) associated with subgroup membership. Results: Among 325 participating patients with RA, three subgroups were identi ﬁ ed: an administration-driven subgroup (45.6%), a bene ﬁ t-driven subgroup (29.7%), and a balanced subgroup (24.7%). Patients who were currently using biologic DMARDs were signi ﬁ cantly more likely to belong to the balanced subgroup than the administration-driven subgroup (relative risk ratio (RRR): 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28 – 0.89). Highly educated patients were signi ﬁ cantly more likely to belong to the bene ﬁ t-driven subgroup than the balanced subgroup (RRR: 11.4, 95% CI: 0.97 – 133.6). Patients ’ medication-related concerns did not contribute signi ﬁ cantly to subgroup membership, whereas a near-signi ﬁ cant association was found between patients ’ beliefs about medication necessity and their membership of the bene ﬁ t-driven subgroup (RRR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00 – 1.23). Conclusion: Three subgroups with shared preferences were identi ﬁ ed. Only biologic DMARD use and educational level were associated with subgroup membership. Integrating patient ’ s medication preferences in pharmacotherapy decisions may improve the quality of decisions and possibly medication adherence.
Knowledge and Counselling Skills of Community Health Workers for Promotion of Optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices: A Review

Community health workers (CHWs) are well-established as change agents for promoting health behaviour change among community members. However, their knowledge and counselling skills play an important role in effective promotion of optimal infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF). The present review reports IYCF knowledge and counselling skills of CHWs and existing gaps in promotion of optimal IYCF practices by them. Knowledge of majority (≥80%) of CHWs was reported to be correct about timing for early initiation of breastfeeding, avoidance of pre-lacteal feeding, exclusive breastfeeding, continued breastfeeding during diarrhoea, fever and breast cancer, optimal duration of continued breastfeeding and age of initiation of complementary feeding. Fewer CHWs (≤50%) correctly knew about timing for early initiation of breastfeeding in case of caesarean section, interval/ frequency of breastfeeding, breastfeeding complications and consistency of complementary feeds. Gaps reported in CHWs‟ counselling skills were inability to translate knowledge into messages or observe and interpret existing IYCF practices, failure to provide need-based advice and giving inappropriate advice. Therefore, besides provision of routine refresher trainings and on-job capacity building to improve the knowledge of CHWs‟ about IYCF practices it is equally important to make communication and counselling skills central to training and strengthening knowledge-sharing effectiveness of CHWs with focus on bringing about behaviour change rather than simply conveying messages.
Nanotheranostics through Mitochondria-targeted Delivery with Fluorescent Peptidomimetic Nanohybrids for Apoptosis Induction of Brain Cancer Cells

Overview: Malignant brain tumors remain one of the greatest challenges faced by health professionals and scientists among the utmost lethal forms of cancer. Nanotheranostics can play a pivotal role in developing revolutionary nanoarchitectures with multifunctional and multimodal capabilities to fight cancer. Mitochondria are vital organelles to eukaryotic cells, which have been recognized as a significant target in cancer therapy where, by damaging the mitochondria, it will cause irreparable cell death or apoptosis. Methods: We designed and produced novel hybrid nanostructures comprising a fluorescent semiconductor core (AgInS2, AIS) and cysteine-modified carboxymethylcellulose (termed thiomer, CMC_Cys) conjugated with mitochondria-targeting peptides (KLA) forming a macromolecular shell for combining bioimaging and for inducing brain cancer cell (U-87 MG) death. Results: The optical and physicochemical properties of the nanoconjugates demonstrated suitability as photoluminescent nanostructures for cell bioimaging and intracellular tracking. Additionally, the results proved a remarkable killing activity towards glioblastoma cells of cysteine-bearing CMC conjugates coupled with KLA peptides through the half-maximal effective concentration values, approximately 70-fold higher compared to the conjugate analogs without Cys residues. Moreover, these thiomer-based pro-apoptotic drug nanoconjugates displayed higher lethality against U-87 MG cancer cells than doxorubicin, a model drug in chemotherapy, although extremely toxic. Remarkably, these peptidomimetic nanohybrids demonstrated a relative “protective effect” regarding healthy cells while maintaining high killing activity towards malignant brain cells. Conclusion: These findings pave the way for developing hybrid nanoarchitectures applied as targeted multifunctional platforms for simultaneous imaging and therapy against cancer while minimizing the high systemic toxicity and side-effects of conventional drugs in anticancer chemotherapy.
On the Reaction Mechanism for Hydrocarbon Formation from Methanol over SAPO-34 2. Isotopic Labeling Studies of the Co-reaction of Propene and Methanol

13C-Methanol and 12C ethene (fed as ethanol) have been co-reacted over SAPO-34 in a flow system at 400°C using argon as a carrier (diluent) gas. The feed contained an equal number of 13C and 12C atoms. The products were analyzed by GC-MS, allowing the determination of the isotopic composition of the reactor effluent. The ethanol was immediately converted to ethene, so the reaction system was equivalent to a feed consisting of methanol/ethene/water. While the methanol was completely or almost completely converted to hydrocarbons, the larger part of the ethene emerged unreacted. The products propene and butenes were mostly formed from methanol and contained a large excess of 13C atoms. The ethene effluent consisted mainly of all 12C or all 13C atoms, and only to a small extent of 12C-13C molecules. The reaction system was followed from an initially very active catalyst until the catalyst was sufficiently deactivated that C1 was not completely converted to hydrocarbons. The tendency for ethene to emerge unreacted, and for all new hydrocarbons to be formed from methanol became more pronounced with progressing catalyst deactivation. The results show clearly that the higher hydrocarbons are, over this catalyst, not formed by successive methylations of ethene. A previously proposed "carbon pool" mechanism can explain the gross effects seen in the product and isotopic distribution.