Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
4 He adsorption on a single graphene sheet: Path-integral Monte Carlo study

We have performed path-integral Monte Carlo calculations to study ${}^{4}$He adsorption on a single graphene sheet. The ${}^{4}$He-substrate interaction was assumed to be a pairwise sum of the helium-carbon potentials constructed by Carlos and Cole to fit helium scattering data from a graphite surface. We employed both an anisotropic 6-12 Lennard-Jones potential and a spherical 6-12 potential. For both potentials, the first ${}^{4}$He layer has the C${}_{1/3}$ commensurate structure at a surface density of 0.0636 \AA{}${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. Vacancy states created in the C${}_{1/3}$ commensurate solid, however, behave differently depending on the ${}^{4}$He-substrate interaction: a cluster of localized vacancies are formed with the fully anisotropic 6-12 pair potentials while mobile vacancies are found to induce finite superfluid fractions with the substrate potential based on only the isotropic parts of the inter-atomic pair potentials. For the second helium layer we find that exchange among ${}^{4}$He adatoms results in quantum melting of a C${}_{7/12}$ commensurate structure, which is registered to a first-layer triangular solid. The possible stabilization of this commensurate structure with the addition of ${}^{3}$He impurities is discussed.
Synthesis, structural characterization and computational study of a novel amino chalcone: a potential nonlinear optical material

The interest for novel chalcone-based materials in nonlinear optics is dependent on strong second harmonic generation in organic systems. Chalcones are α,β-unsaturated ketones that can be easily obtained by Claisen–Schmidt condensation between ketones and aromatic aldehydes. A new 2-amino-chalcone was synthesized and its crystal molecular structure was elucidated using the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. This compound, C15H12BrNO2, crystallizes in monoclinic centrosymmetric space group C2/c with cell parameters a = 29.47(7) A; b = 6.97(5) A, c = 13.59(1) A, β = 112.52(6)° and V = 2581.2(2) A3. In addition to the crystal structure, the analysis of Hirshfeld surfaces indicates the presence of hydrogen bonds of types N–H⋯O and O–H⋯O that stabilize two independent centrosymmetric dimers, and also indicates the presence of π–π stacking interactions that stabilize a supramolecular trimeric system. Being a push–pull chromophore we investigated the NLO properties of the 2-amino-chalcone asymmetric unit using the supermolecule approach in combination with an iterative electrostatic polarization scheme. The calculations were performed using the CAM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d) level of theory for both dynamic and static situations. In the presence of the embedding charges, the γ value is increased by 20% for the dynamic calculation but only 8% for the static limit. In contrast to the crystal form, when in solution the 2-amino-chalcone lacks an inversion center so that second order NLO properties do not vanish. Following this idea we computed the NLO properties using the implicit solvation approach IEF-PCM. The solvent effect on the NLO properties was to augment its values as the solvent polarity increases. We obtained for the in-crystal and in DMSO 2-amino-chalcone, γ(−2ω;ω,ω,0) = 144.12 × 10−36 esu and 260.163 × 10−36 esu, respectively, and therefore interesting materials for third order NLO applications.
Bioconversion of wood waste to bio-ethylene: A review

Bio-based ethylene produced by bioethanol dehydration is an environmentally friendly substitute for oil-based ethylene. It is a low-pollution raw material that can be used to produce high-value bio-based materials. Currently, some industrial plants use first-generation (1G) bioethanol to produce bio-ethylene. However, second-generation (2G) bioethanol is not currently used to produce bio-ethylene because the manufacturing processes are not optimized. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bio-ethylene involves pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates, the fermentation of sugars to ethanol, ethanol recovery by distillation, and ethanol dehydration to ethylene. This work presents a review of second-generation (2G) bio-ethylene production, analyzing the stages of the process, possible derivatives, uses, and applications. This review also contains technical, economic, and environmental considerations in the possible installation of a biorefinery in the northeast region of Argentina (NEA).
Research on Defect Recognition of Lithium Battery Pole Piece Based on Deep Learning

In the field of defect recognition, deep learning technology has the advantages of strong generalization and high accuracy compared with mainstream machine learning technology. This paper proposes a deep learning network model, which first processes the self-made 3, 600 data sets, and then sends them to the built convolutional neural network model for training. The final result can effectively identify the three defects of lithium battery pole pieces. The accuracy rate is 92%. Compared with the structure of the AlexNet model, the model proposed in this paper has higher accuracy.
Protective effects of astragaloside IV against hypertension-induced vascular remodeling involves the DNMT1 and TET2 signaling pathway

Proliferation, migration, and the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in vascular remodeling induced by hypertension. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), the active ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus, has been shown to exert a beneficial role in cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism responsible for the protective effects of AS-IV on hypertension-induced vascular remodeling. AS-IV significantly reduced blood pressure and aortic media thickness in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. AS-IV administration downregulated the expression levels of DNA methyltransferase1 (DNMT1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and upregulated the expression of smooth muscle 22? protein (SM22? ), ? -smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) and ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) in the aorta of hypertensive rats. AS-IV inhibited the proliferation and migration in VSMCs treated with angiotensin II (Ang II). AS-IV increased the expression of SM22? , ACTA2 and TET2, and decreased the expression of collagen Ia (COL-1a), collagen IIIa (COL-3a), DNMT1, MMP2 and PCNA in vitro. Reduction in 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was observed in VSMCs treated with AS-IV. Knockdown of DNMT1 induced the expression of TET2, while the level of DNMT1 did not change after knockdown of TET2. These results suggest that AS-IV reversed hypertension-induced vascular remodeling by inhibiting DNMT1 and upregulating TET2.
Ovarian Follicular Dynamics, and Hormonal and Biochemical Profile in Post-Pubertal and Postpartum Jaffrabadi Buffaloes

Jaffrabadi buffalo is one of the heaviest buffalo breeds of the world (800 kg) and is known for poor reproductive efficiency. There is a scarcity of normal physiological data regarding reproductive parameters of Jaffrabadi buffalo. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate ovarian follicular dynamics, hormonal and biochemical profiles in 10 post-pubertal heifers (n=5 each of age 42±2 and 48±2 months) and five >90 days postpartum lactating buffaloes. Ultrasound monitoring of ovaries of animals was done at weekly interval and all follicles with diameter less than 4 mm (small follicles), 4-8 mm (medium follicles) and greater than 8 mm (large follicles) as well as CLs identified were recorded. Blood samples were also collected soon after each USG from all animals for assay of hormonal and biochemical profiles. The findings revealed that the average number of small, medium and large follicles, total number of follicles per ovary as well as diameters of largest and subordinate follicles varied greatly among periods between three groups. The size of corpus luteum ranged from 13.7 to 21.2 mm, 13.7 to 23.9 mm and 15.3 to 22.7 mm, respectively, in Group-I, II and III. In the first week of study, significantly higher (p less than 0.05) average numbers of small follicles in Group-I and III, and medium follicles and total numbers of follicles in Group-III were observed as compared to other groups. The diameter of largest follicles and subordinate follicles were non-significantly different among all groups at all periods of the study. Plasma estrogen levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in Group-I as compared to Group-III and Group-II on first and second week, however, it increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in Group-II and I on fourth week of study period. Plasma insulin concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in buffaloes (Group-III) than in heifers (Group-I and II) throughout the study period, while plasma total cholesterol and total protein levels were higher in Group-III on 3rd to 5th weeks of study. Further, there were no significant differences in the plasma FSH, LH, progesterone and blood glucose levels in animals of three groups between periods at any of the week. The ultrasonographic and endocrine profile suggested establishment of cyclicity with silent ovulation. However, the behavioural estrus was still not manifested by these post-pubertal heifers and postpartum lactating buffaloes. These results are helpful to diagnose anovulatory conditions and/or true anestrus and initiate estrus synchronization protocols for early conception in Jaffrabadi buffaloes.
Structural Polymorphism in Tau Filaments: An Implication for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Tau filaments are the pathological hallmark of >20 neurodegenerative disea ses including Alzheimer’s disease, Pick’s disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy. In the adult human brain, six isoforms of tau are expressed that differ by presence or abs nce of the second of the four semiconserved repeats. As a consequence, half of the tau isof orms have three repeats (3R tau), whereas the other half has four repeats (4R tau). Site-directed spin labeling of recombinant tau in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to obtain structural insight s i to tau filaments. The studies showed that the filaments of 4R tau and 3R tau share a highl y ordered core structure in the third repeat with parallel, in-register ar rangement of βstrands. This structure in 3R and 4R is conserved regardless of whether full-lengt h isoforms (htau40 and htau23) or truncated constructs (K18 and K19) are used. When mixed, 3R tau and 4R tau coassembled into heterogeneous filaments. Hence, these findings indicate that there are at least three compositionally disti nct types of filaments: homogeneous 3R tau, homogeneous 4R tau, and heterogeneous 3R/4R tau. In vitro experiments show that the seeded filament growth, a prerequisite for tau spreading in tissue culture and brain, is crucially dependent on the isoform composit ion of individual seeds. Seeds of 3R tau and 3R/4R tau recruit both types of isoforms whereas seeds of 4R tau can recruit 4R tau, but not 3R tau, establishing an asymmetric barri er.
Diazotrophic population and soil nitrogen dynamics following coapplication of biochar with inorganic fertilizer in the humid tropics

Nutrient loss from the weathering process is a major challenge for tropical agriculture. Biochar with nutrient retention capacity has been proposed as an amendment to retain plant-available nutrients. Meanwhile, information on diazotrophic population responses to biochar application in the humid tropics is still poorly explored. A field study was carried out over three cropping cycles of maize in a typic paleudults of Peninsular Malaysia. During the first cropping cycle, the soil was amended with palm kernel shell biochar (PK), rice husk biochar (RH), palm kernel biochar with fertilizer (FPK), rice husk biochar with fertilizer (FRH), fertilizer (F), and control soil (C). Soil samples were taken at each harvesting stage and analyzed for pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total N, ammonium (NH4 +–N), nitrate (NO3 ––N), microbial biomass N, and urease activity. Total and active diazotrophs were quantified from soil DNA and RNA, respectively, employing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplification of the nifH gene. Palm kernel shell and rice husk biochars maintained a significant NH4 +–N and NO3 ––N, respectively, during the second cropping cycle. Both biochars promote the total and active diazotrophic population. A detrimental impact on the nifH transcript was detected from fertilization even when biochar was co-amended. Two possible land management options for tropical soil were proposed from the overall data. First, the application of fertilizer with biochar can reduce N loss against weathering. Second, the application of biochar alone may improve biological N2 fixation in tropical soils.
Process of Post Traumatic Growth in Trauma Victims in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study

The facet of trauma as a constructive means is recent area of study in the field of Positive Psychology i.e, Posttraumatic growth. The present qualitative study is aimed to explore the process of PTG in the trauma victims of Pakistan. Total sample (N=40) having an equal number of participants i.e, manmade disaster (n=20, Male=10 & female=10) and natural disasters (n=20, Male=10 & female=10) was selected purposively. Interview protocol i.e, Semi-Structured Questionnaire was developed with the help of previous literature to go deep about the growth process in participants. The in-depth interviews were conducted on victims showing high Post-traumatic growth on PTGI. In-depth interviews were conducted, tape-recorded and transcribed. Themes were extracted out of bulk of the data through IPA to find out the process of PTG. Main themes were extracted and a Model of PTG was developed with the interaction of those themes.
Yield and nutrient uptake of barley and camelina amended with manure from cattle fed barley, triticale dried distillers grains with solubles, and flaxseed diets

Abstract: Since animal diet affects manure properties, it is expected that manures from different diets may elicit differences in crop response. The objective of the study was to assess how application of manure from cattle fed with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) affected N and P availability, dry matter, and nutrient uptake in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] under controlled environment conditions. Treatments included manure from diets with barley grain (BARL), or barley grain replaced with triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) DDGS, flaxseed (FLAX), or both DDGS and flaxseed (DDGS/FLAX). Crops were grown for four consecutive phases (barley–camelina–barley–camelina). The DDGS/FLAX treatment had significantly higher barley dry matter weight (DMW) in phase 1 and camelina DMW in phase 2 than the other three manures (17 vs. 5–13 g kg-1 soil in phase 1 and 10 vs. 1–7 g kg-1 soil in phase 2). Barley N uptake in phase 1 and camelina N uptake in phase 2 were significantly higher for DDGS/FLAX than the other manures (222 vs. 82–191 mg kg-1 soil, phase 1; 146 vs. 20–102 mg kg-1 soil, phase 2). Our results indicate that cattle diet modifications have the capacity to tailor manure properties for optimum crop production.
Dissolved organic matter from tropical peatlands reduces shelf sea light availability in the Singapore Strait, Southeast Asia

Shelf seas provide valuable ecosystem services, but their productivity and ecological functioning depend critically on sunlight transmitted through the water column. Anthropogenic reductions in underwater light availability are thus a serious threat to coastal habitats. The flux of light-absorbing coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from land to sea may have increased world-wide, but how this has altered the availability and spectral quality of light in shelf seas remains poorly known. We present time-series data from the Sunda Shelf in Southeast Asia, where the monsoon-driven reversal in ocean currents supplies water enriched in CDOM from tropical peatlands for part of the year, resulting in 5- to 10-fold seasonal variation in light absorption by CDOM. We show that this terrigenous CDOM can dominate underwater light absorption at wavelengths up to 500 nm, and shift the underwater irradiance spectrum towards longer wavelengths. The seasonal presence of terrigenous CDOM also reduces the 10% light penetration depth by 1-5 m, or 10-45%. We estimate that on average 0.6 m, or 25%, of this terrigenous CDOM-mediated shoaling might be attributable to the enhanced input of dissolved organic matter following peatland disturbance. The seasonal change in the light environment is correlated with changes in phytoplankton absorption spectra that suggest a photo-acclimation response, and we infer that terrigenous CDOM likely contributes to limiting the depth distribution of photosynthetic corals. The results reveal an ecologically important but largely overlooked impact of human modifications to carbon fluxes that is likely increasingly important in coastal seas.
Spatial Patterns, Opportunities and Determinants of MSMEs Employment in Township

Research is divided into three sections that contribute to analyse the optimization of employment on large productive population in Magelang, First, to identify the spatial pattern and concentration based on MSMEâ€™s sector by considering comparative benefits. Secondly, to analyse the opportunity in its association with employments in MSMEs. Thirdly, the determinants of employment in MSMEs based on the field of industry, trading and service. This research employs quantitative approach by using Location Quotient and Economic Base Model as analysis for local and regional economic, as well as multiple linier regression analysis. The research indicates that each area demonstrates distinctive spatial pattern and concentration, in terms of industrial sector, trading and service. The opportunity for employment could be notified from basic employment and basic multiplier that exist in each area. There are certain areas that have high potential in new employments once the jobs are available in the sector of industry, trading and service. The determinants of employment of above three sectors have distinctive behaviour in responding the addition of new MSMEs and the addition of revenue. Hence, the appropriate stimulus could be formulated to optimize absorption of productive labour population based on the findings.
Trading practice and Behavioral Biases of Individual Investors in Nepalese Stock Market

The paper was based on survey research design. There is significant association between experience group with herding bias and optimism bias and there is no significant association between experience group with investment decision bias, disposition effect bias, and overconfidence bias. Similarly there is significant association between trading frequency with herding bias, optimism bias, investment decision bias, disposition effect bias, and overconfidence bias.Heuristics may make investors overconfident as they overlook risks causing security price to move away from fundamentals. Investors tend to be overconfident and hence overestimate the accuracy of their forecast due to illusion of knowledge and illusion of control.
Multispatial Filtering Module Cascaded System for Hyperspectral Image Classification

This article presents a multispatial filtering module cascaded system (MSFMCS) for hyperspectral image classification (HSIC), which can serve as a paradigm to improve spectral–spatial classification. It includes multiple spatial filtering modules (SFMs) that are cascaded to particularly capture spatial information from the classification maps generated from the preceding modules. As a result, any spectral classifier (SC) can be used as an input to an initial/input module (IM). Through MSFMCS, its classification performance keeps improving as more SFMs are processed. To terminate MSFMCS, an automatic stopping rule is particularly designed by support vector machine (SVM) which is used not only as a classifier but also as a decision-maker. So, once an SC cannot be further improved, MSFMCS is terminated. One major benefit resulting from MSFMCS is its framework which can implement any arbitrary SC as its initial classifier in IM. Another is its ability in capturing additional spatial classification information module by module as the process progresses. A third one is no weights connected between modules so that no training phase is required like a feedforward neural network. Finally, the number of modules used in MSFMCS can be automatically determined by its stopping rule not predetermined empirically. To illustrate full advantages of MSFMCS in HSIC, three types of heterogeneous classifiers, pure-pixel-based SVM, mixed-pixel-based constrained energy minimization (CEM), and feature-extraction-based classifier—orthogonal total variation component analysis (OTVCA)—are used for experiments to demonstrate how MSFMCS can improve their classification performance.
High-Speed Memristive Ternary Content Addressable Memory

This article presents an ultra-high-speed memristor-based non-volatile Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) for use in real-time and big-data applications that require low power dissipation and fast data retrieval. It proposes a novel memristive TCAM (MTCAM) cell using memristors as a bit storage device along with an ultra-fast match line sense amplifier to minimize search time. SPICE simulation on 45 nm technology show that the search delay on a 144-bit proposed MTCAM at a supply voltage of 1 V and a sense margin of 140 mV is 175 ps with per bit search energy of 1.2 fJ. It is 1.12× times faster and dissipates 67 percent less search energy per bit than the fastest existing 144-bit MTCAM design.
Southeast Asian Isolate of the Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Shows Higher Pathogenicity Against Tomato and Cucurbit Crops Compared to that of the Mediterranean Isolate

The tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite begomovirus (genus Begomovirus , family Geminiviridae ) that was originally isolated in India, but has become a serious threat to various horticultural crops in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Middle East, and western Mediterranean Basin. In Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the western Mediterranean Basin, ToLCNDV has caused huge economic damage to cucurbit crops (cucumber, melon, squash, and zucchini) for which commercial ToLCNDV-resistant cultivars are currently unavailable. In this study, full-length ToLCNDV viral sequences were isolated from cucumber, melon, and zucchini plants exhibiting yellow leaf curl disease in Almeria, Spain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated viruses consisted of the ToLCNDV-ES strain and strains that were genetically distant from ToLCNDV-[BACu-20] in Southeast Asia, which were previously isolated in the Aceh province of Indonesia. Infectious clones of ToLCNDV-[ES-Alm-Cuc-16] from Spain and of ToLCNDV-[BACu-20] from Indonesia were prepared, and ToLCNDV isolates were agroinoculated to Nicotiana benthamiana , tomato, and cucurbit crops (cucumber, melon, and zucchini). Infection rates were nearly 100% for all inoculated plant species, and disease symptoms were consistently more severe in plants inoculated with ToLCNDV-[BACu-20] compared to plants inoculated with ToLCNDV-[ES-Alm-Cuc-16]. For tomatoes inoculated with ToLCNDV-[ES-Alm-Cuc-16], infection occurred without symptoms in most plants, and only a few plants showed slight vein-yellowing symptoms. In contrast, ToLCNDV-[BACu-20] infection induced typical begomoviral disease symptoms of yellowing and curling of leaves in the same tomato cultivar. The present study highlights the importance of screening genetic resources for ToLCNDV resistance by using ToLCNDV isolates from the intended production area; furthermore, the agroinoculation method used in this study will facilitate breeding resistance against both the Southeast Asian and Mediterranean ToLCNDV isolates.