Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hopelessness, Dissociative Symptoms, and Suicide Risk in Major Depressive Disorder: Clinical and Biological Correlates

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has different clinical presentations and is associated with neurobiological alterations. Hopelessness, anhedonia, and dissociation represent some of the most pervasive psychopathological symptoms that often lead to suicidal thoughts, attempts, and actions. To further research on the concept of depression endophenotypes, this study aimed to assess the possible relationships between hopelessness and other clinical and biological correlates (i.e., striatal dopaminergic dysfunction) in depressed patients. Methods: We recruited 51 subjects with MDD. All subjects underwent 123I-FP-CIT SPECT to assess striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability and a psychometric evaluation using the psychometric scale to assess depressive, anxious, dissociative, and hopelessness symptoms aside from suicidal ideation. Result: An inverse correlation between the hopelessness score and dopamine transporter availability in all basal ganglia was bilaterally found. (Right Putamen, r = −0.445, p < 0.01; Left Putamen, r = −0.454, p < 0.01; Right Caudate, r = −0.398, p < 0.01; Left Caudate, r = −0.467, p < 0.01) Moreover, a positive correlation was also found between hopelessness and dissociative symptoms. Conclusions: These results provide important evidence on the neurobiological and clinical correlates of different psychopathological symptoms of depression with potential implications in terms of devising more effective treatment programs.
A critical examination of the relationship between vaginal orgasm consistency and measures of psychological and sexual functioning and sexual concordance in women with sexual dysfunction

A substantial body of research supports the hypothesis that vaginal orgasm is associated with overall better health outcomes for women. The primary aim of this study was to examine correlates of orgasm consistency with intercourse (OCI) in a sample of women with sexual dysfunction to see whether these findings held in a clinical sample. Study 1 (n = 255) focused on demographic and psychological correlates of OCI and Study 2 (n = 81) focused on the association between sexual arousal concordance and OCI. A longer relationship length and higher orgasm scores predicted OCI whereas mood, sexual abuse history, and relationship satisfaction did not. In Study 2, sexual arousal concordance, as measured with vaginal photoplethysmography and a continuous self-report measure of sexual arousal, was not associated with OCI. These findings challenge the conclusions of Brody et al. that vaginal orgasm is a sign of psychological, sexual, and relational health.
An Analysis of American Attitudes Toward Immigration

This paper analyzes individuals’ opinions towards how they believe the number of immigrants coming to the United States should change. Whereas an individual believes that the amount of immigrants coming to the United States should be increased, decreased, or remain the same. The objective of this paper’s analysis is to ultimately investigate how various demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal factors shape, or are related to, individuals’ beliefs on how the number of immigrants coming to the United States should change. Beyond a positive analysis, this paper presents the various policy implications which stem from the analysis’ findings. The paper uses General Social Survey (GSS) data in its investigation. By analyzing GSS data over the past decade this paper also uncovers how individuals’ opinions on this issue have changed over time, and proposes potential explanations for the changes.
Home Ownership , Job Duration and Wages Jakob

Home Ownership, Job Duration and Wages We investigate the impact of home ownership on individual job mobility and wages in Denmark. We find that home ownership has a negative impact on job-to-job mobility both in terms of transition into new local jobs and new jobs outside the local labour market. In addition, there is a clear negative effect of home ownership on the unemployment risk and a positive impact on wages. These results are robust to different strategies for correcting for the possible endogeneity of the home owner variable. JEL Classification: J6, R2
Inequivalence of the zero-momentum Limits of Transverse and Longitudinal Dielectric Response in the Cuprates

We address the question of the mismatch between the zero momentum limits of the transverse and longitudinal dielectric functions for a fixed direction of the driving field observed in the cuprates. This question translates to whether or not the order in which the longitudinal and transverse momentum transfers are taken to zero commute. While the two limits commute for both isotropic and anisotropic Drude metals, we argue that a scaleless vertex interaction that depends solely on the angle between scattered electron momenta is sufficient to achieve non-commutativity of the two limits even for a system that is inherently isotropic. We demonstrate this claim for a simple case of the Drude conductivity modified by electron-boson interactions through appropriate vertex corrections, and outline possible consequences of our result to optical and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements close to zero momentum transfer
Predictors of Access to Rehabilitation in the Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A European Prospective and Multicenter Study

Background Although rehabilitation is beneficial for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), a significant proportion of them do not receive adequate rehabilitation after acute care. Objective Therefore, the goal of this prospective and multicenter study was to investigate predictors of access to rehabilitation in the year following injury in patients with TBI. Methods Data from a large European study (CENTER-TBI), including TBIs of all severities between December 2014 and December 2017 were used (N = 4498 patients). Participants were dichotomized into those who had and those who did not have access to rehabilitation in the year following TBI. Potential predictors included sociodemographic factors, psychoactive substance use, preinjury medical history, injury-related factors, and factors related to medical care, complications, and discharge. Results In the year following traumatic injury, 31.4% of patients received rehabilitation services. Access to rehabilitation was positively and significantly predicted by female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.50), increased number of years of education completed (OR = 1.05), living in Northern (OR = 1.62; reference: Western Europe) or Southern Europe (OR = 1.74), lower prehospital Glasgow Coma Scale score (OR = 1.03), higher Injury Severity Score (OR = 1.01), intracranial (OR = 1.33) and extracranial (OR = 1.99) surgery, and extracranial complication (OR = 1.75). On contrast, significant negative predictors were lack of preinjury employment (OR = 0.80), living in Central and Eastern Europe (OR = 0.42), and admission to hospital ward (OR = 0.47; reference: admission to intensive care unit) or direct discharge from emergency room (OR = 0.24). Conclusions Based on these findings, there is an urgent need to implement national and international guidelines and strategies for access to rehabilitation after TBI.
Saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng attenuate scrotal heat‐induced spermatogenic damage via inhibiting the MAPK mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice

Heat stress (HS) reaction is a stress response caused by adverse conditions. Currently, the incidence of reproductive malignancies particularly in males has been constantly increasing. This work investigated the effects of saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on testicular injury induced by scrotal hyperthermia in mice. GSLS (150, 300 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to mice for 14 days, then exposed to a single scrotal heat treatment at 43°C for 18 min on seventh day. HS induced a significant loss of multinucleate giant cells, desquamation of germ cells in destructive seminiferous tubules. Moreover, HS reduced the serum testosterone, testicular tissue superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione (GSH) content, while significantly enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (p < .05). GSLS exhibited the protective potential against HS‐induced injury not only by modulating Bcl‐2 family and caspase protease family, but also by suppressing the protein levels of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and activation of Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (p < .05). In conclusion, we clearly demonstrated that GSLS exhibited a significant protective effect against HS‐induced testicular dysfunction, mainly the inhibition of oxidative stress associated apoptosis partly via regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
Synergy in the heart: RV systolic function plays a key role in optimizing LV performance during exercise.

The right ventricle (RV) is often overlooked in the evaluation of cardiac performance and treatment of left ventricular (LV) heart diseases. However, recent evidence suggests the RV may play an important role in maintaining systemic cardiac function and delivering stroke volume (SV). We used exercise cardiac magnetic resonance and biomechanical modeling to investigate the role of the RV in LV stroke volume regulation. We studied SV augmentation during exercise by pharmacologically inducing negative chronotropy (sHRi) in healthy volunteers and investigating training-induced SV augmentation in endurance athletes. SV augmentation during exercise after sHRi is achieved differently in the two ventricles. In the RV, the larger SV is driven by increasing contraction down to lower end-systolic volume (ESV; p<.001). In the LV, SV augmentation is achieved through an increase in end-diastolic volume (EDV; p<.001), avoiding contraction to a lower ESV. The same mechanism is underlies the enhanced SV response observed in athletes. Changes in atrial area during SV augmentation suggest that the improved LV EDV response is sustained by the larger RV contractions. Using our biomechanical model, we explain this behavior and show that the RV systolic function driven regulation of LV SV optimizes the energetic cost of LV contraction, and leads to minimization of the total costs of biventricular contraction. In conclusion, this work provides mechanistic understanding of the pivotal role of the RV in optimizing LV SV during exercise. It demonstrates why optimizing RV function needs to become a key part of therapeutic strategies in patients and training for athletes.
From tropical shelters to temperate defaunation: The relationship between agricultural transition stage and the distribution of threatened mammals

Aim Agriculture is a key threat to biodiversity, however its relationship with biodiversity patterns is understudied. Here, we evaluate how the extent, intensity, and history of croplands relate to the global distribution of threatened mammals. We propose two hypotheses to explain these relationships: shelter, which predicts that threatened species concentrate in areas with low human land use; and threat, according to which threatened species should concentrate in areas of high human land use. Location Global. Time period c.B.C.6000 - 2014. Major taxa studied Terrestrial mammals. Methods We used boosted regression trees (BRT) that include spatial autocorrelation to investigate the relationship between the proportion of threatened terrestrial mammals (as defined by the IUCN Red List) and multiple metrics describing agricultural extent, intensity and history derived from remote sensing data and statistical projections. Data were analysed with a grain size of ~110 x 110 km at both global and biogeographic-realm scales. Results Agricultural extent and intensity were the most relevant indicator types, with specific metrics important for each realm. Forest cover (extent) was identified as important in several regions. Tropical regions in early agricultural transition stages (e.g., frontier landscapes) were consistent with the shelter hypothesis, whereas patterns found for regions in later stages (e.g., intensified agricultural landscapes) were mostly found in temperate regions and agreed with the threat hypothesis. Main conclusions These results highlight the need to consider multiple land-use indicators when addressing threats to biodiversity and to separately assess areas with divergent human and ecological histories in global-scale studies. Different relationships associated with different agricultural transition stages suggest that high concentrations of threatened species may have contrasting meanings in different regions worldwide. We propose a new unifying hypothesis following a cyclic relationship along agricultural transition stages resulting in alternating negative and positive relationships between agriculture and threatened species richness.
Sulfur nutrition and its significance for crop resistance-a case study from Scotland

Severe sulfur deficiency causes a decrease in yield and has a negative impact on crop quality. Besides this, a higher susceptibility of crops to certain diseases was observed. Sulfur fertilization proved to lower disease incidence and severity of fungal infections in different crops. The sulfur metabolism provides several potential mechanisms by which plants are able to tackle biotic stress. The identification of these processes and adaptive control of sulfur induced resistance (SIR) against fungal diseases offers the opportunity to develop natural plant protection measures by means of targeted fertilization strategies. In the present paper, the results from a field experiment in Scotland are summarized, which reflect the influence of the sulfur nutritional status on sulfur-containing metabolites and infection with fungal diseases.
An ALMA survey of CO in submillimetre galaxies: companions, triggering, and the environment in blended sources

We present ALMA observations of the mid-J 12CO emission from six single-dish selected 870-μm sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South and UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey fields. These six single-dish submillimetre sources were selected based on previous ALMA continuum observations, which showed that each comprised a blend of emission from two or more individual submillimetre galaxies (SMGs), separated on 5-10 arcsec scales. The six single-dish submillimetre sources targeted correspond to a total of 14 individual SMGs, of which seven have previously measured robust optical/near-infrared spectroscopic redshifts, which were used to tune our ALMA observations. We detect CO(3-2) or CO(4-3) at z = 2.3-3.7 in 7 of the 14 SMGs, and in addition serendipitously detect line emission from three gas-rich companion galaxies, as well as identify four new 3.3 mm selected continuum sources in the six fields. Joint analysis of our CO spectroscopy and existing data suggests that 64(± 18){ per cent} of the SMGs in blended submillimetre sources are unlikely to be physically associated. However, three of the SMG fields (50 per cent) contain new, serendipitously detected CO-emitting (but submillimetre-faint) sources at similar redshifts to the 870 μm selected SMGs we targeted. These data suggest that the SMGs inhabit overdense regions, but that these are not sufficiently overdense on ˜100 kpc scales to influence the source blending given the short lifetimes of SMGs. We find that 21± 12{ per cent} of SMGs have spatially distinct and kinematically close companion galaxies (˜8-150 kpc and ≲ 300 km s-1), which may have enhanced their star formation via gravitational interactions.
A meta‐analysis of nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity across organisms and ecosystems

Aim The number of studies investigating the nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity has increased substantially, but our general understanding of the drivers of turnover and nestedness remains elusive. Here, we examined the effects of species traits, spatial extent, latitude and ecosystem type on the nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity. Location Global. Time period 1968–2017. Major taxa studied From bacteria to mammals. Methods From the 99 studies that partition total beta diversity into its turnover and nestedness components, we assembled 269 and 259 data points for the pairwise and multiple site beta-diversity metrics, respectively. Our data covered a broad variation in species dispersal type, body size and trophic position. The data were from freshwater, marine and terrestrial realms, and encompassed geographical areas from the tropics to near polar regions. We used linear modelling as a meta-regression tool to analyse the data. Results Pairwise turnover, multiple site turnover and total beta diversity all decreased significantly with latitude. In contrast, multiple site nestedness showed a positive relationship with latitude. Beta-diversity components did not generally differ among the realms. The turnover component and total beta diversity increased with spatial extent, whereas nestedness was scale invariant for pairwise metrics. Multiple site beta-diversity components did not vary with spatial extent. Surprisingly, passively dispersed organisms had lower turnover and total beta diversity than flying organisms. Body size showed a relatively weak relationship with beta diversity but had important interactions with trophic position, thus also affecting beta diversity via interactive effects. Producers had significantly higher average pairwise turnover and total beta diversity than carnivores. Main conclusions The present results provide evidence that species turnover, being consistently the larger component of total beta diversity, and nestedness are related to the latitude of the study area and intrinsic organismal features. We showed that two beta-diversity components had generally opposing patterns with regard to latitude. We highlight that beta-diversity partition may give additional insights into the underlying causes of spatial variability in biotic communities compared with total beta diversity alone.
Spreading Knowledge across the World: Innovation Spillover through Trade Expansion*

When a firm starts exporting into a new destination, its products and technologies suddenly become more visible there. Firms in that destination can then innovate building on these technologies. We combine French firm-level administrative, customs and patent data over 19952012 to show that entry into a new export market increases the patents’ citations received from that destination. This technological spillover is concentrated in countries at intermediate levels of development and among the most productive firms. JEL classification: O33, O34, O40, F10, F14
Methane production of two roughage and total mixed ration as influenced by

In recent decades supplementation of animal feeds with exogenous fibrolytic en - zymes has substantially improved digestibility and animal performance. However, information related to associated methane production is limited and inconsistent. This study evaluated the effect of cellulase and xylanase enzymes on in vitro methane production of Eragrostis curvula hay, maize (Zea mays) stover and a total mixed ration (TMR) at seven levels of the two enzymes. Feed samples were incubated for 2, 12, 24 and 48 h in an in vitro batch culture with buffer and rumen fluid, and fibrolytic enzymes. Gas production was measured using a pressure transducer connected to a data tracker, while methane gas was analysed using a gas chromatograph which was calibrated with standard CH 4 and CO 2 . Increases in the level of enzyme application resulted in increases in gas volume, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, dry matter (DM) disappear- ance and associated increases in methane production. The linear increase in percentage and volume of methane production in tandem with increases in level of enzyme application might be due to increased fermentation, and organic matter degradability that resulted in a shift in VFA production towards acetate. Considering the efficiency of DM and neutral detergent fiber degradation and production of associated VFA with levels of enzymes, the use of 1 mg g −1 DM of enzyme can be a good option for the feeds tested. However, they cannot decrease methane production. It will be very important to consider other hydrogen sinks that can capture directly extra H + produced by the addition of enzyme so that their supplementation could be very efficient
Satellite Correlation between Aerosol Optical Depth and Cloud Optical Depth over Megacities

One of the most important remaining questions surrounding the impact of aerosol particles on climate is the extent to which they increase or decrease cloudiness upon an increase in aerosol loading. This issue has been examined in biomass burning regions of the Amazon but not in an urban area. This study begins to look at this question with MODIS-Aqua satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud optical depth (COD) over Los Angeles, New Delhi, and Beijing. Results suggest that, for Los Angeles, as AOD increased, COD generally decreased; for New Delhi, COD increased at low AOD and then decreased with increasing AOD; and for Beijing, COD remained approximately level as AOD increased. When the data retrievals were separated by season, the COD curve was either boomerang-shaped (increasing then decreasing COD as AOD increased) or decreasing for most city-seasons. Exceptions included New Delhi in autumn and Beijing in autumn and winter, for which COD remained nearly constant as AOD increased. These results generally support previous satellite and 3-D modeling results for biomassburning regions of the Amazon that found boomerang-shaped relationships of COD versus AOD. However, the paucity of valid satellite retrievals suggests that the results here are of questionable statistical significance and much more work is needed to confirm them.
THE INTERPLAY OF DREDGING AND DISCHARGES : A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF CONTAMINATION IN THE LOWER PASSAIC RIVER

The Passaic River has served as a center for industry since the American Revolution. It has also served as a means for conveyance for the disposal of industrial and municipal wastes for nearly the same period. The river was extensively channelized for navigation during the first half of the 20th century. However, maintenance dredging was not routinely performed for much of the channel as navigational needs declined in the latter half of the 20th century. The extensive dredging of the river followed by a failure to maintain the channel has created a unique setting for the trapping of sediments in the Lower Passaic. The coincidence of the navigational and industrial events has resulted in a uniquely large inventory of highly contaminated sediments whose fate is currently the subject of much discussion. In support of the jointly sponsored remedial investigation (US EPA, US ACE-NY and NJ DOT) for the Lower Passaic River Restoration Project, Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. conducted an extensive geochemical evaluation of the historical data relating to contamination in the Lower Passaic River. In this evaluation, we examined the vertical and horizontal extent of contamination in the Lower Passaic River as well as evidence to identify contamination source areas. In addition to the use of historical geochemical data, we also evaluated historical bathymetric data and incorporated the results of a 15.5-mile side-scan sonar survey conducted in 2005. Recent investigations of the river have provided additional information on the history of contamination, showing the decline over time for various contaminants, including 2,3,7,8-TCDD, PCBs, mercury, PAHs, and lead. Additionally, recent core data also documents the potential depth of some contaminants, providing perspective on the history of their releases. In this paper, the various data sources are integrated to construct a conceptual site model for the Lower Passaic. The complete geochemical report and other information can be found at http://ourpassaic.org.