Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A  OLIGOMER AT LOW NANOMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS ACTIVATES MICROGLIA AND INDUCES MICROGLIAL NEUROTOXICITY

AOLIGOMER AT LOW NANOMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS ACTIVATES MICROGLIA AND INDUCES MICROGLIAL NEUROTOXICITY Izumi Maezawa, Pavel I. Zimin, Heike Wulff, and Lee-Way Jin From M.I. N.D. (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders)ac Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of California, Davis, California 95618. Running Title: A oligomer activates microglia Address correspondence to: Lee-Way Jin, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, 2805 50 Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, Tel. 916-703-0392; Fax. 916-703-0370; Email: Lee-Way.Jin@ucdmc.ucdavis. edu
PERVASIVENESS OF DENTAL TRANSPOSITION AMONG PAKISTANI'S POPULATION WITH AN EMPHASIS ON DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF TRANSPOSITIONS IN MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE

: Aim: For the exploration of the pervasiveness of dental transposition among Pakistani's population with an emphasis on distribution of different type of transpositions in maxilla and mandible. Study design: This research and study was carried out in Department of orthodontics Lahore Medical and Dental Collage from December 2017 to November 2018. Materials and Methods : All about of this study done with panaromic radiographs of 728 adolescent patient (276 males, 452 females). They were treated in our clinic and they were included in study below. For each patient variables like age, sex, presence of tooth transposition, type, location and classification of tooth transposition recorded. Results : Proper category of tooth transposition was found in 07 subjects present with 0.96% frequency of this abnormality. These 7 patient have 8 transposing teeth in general. The ratio of female to male is 71.4% to 28.6%. The problem manifest in maxilla. It was present in 5 of the patient (71.42%) 4 with unilateral and 1 with bilateral manifested type. Two of the patient had exchanged position of teeth in mandible. Conclusion : In a sample of Pakistani population the tooth transposition was found in 0.96% and transposition between upper canine and first premolar was the most commonly observed transposition.
A new method of modal multifactorial analysis of tonal organization in music.

In this technical paper, I will describe a procedure that can be used to analyze tonal organization (TO) in a monophonic 1 musical composition, such as a solo song, solo instrumental improvisation, or a discrete melody in a monodic texture (e.g., a vocal part in a song with instrumental accompaniment), which have been created within a music system where frequency acts as the primary means of TO. The proposed procedure would handle majority of the world’s known musics, ranging from Western tonality to “ekmelic” (indefinite-pitch based) modes of indigenous Siberian ethnicities. The TO of musical vocalizations by human infants and of animal calls can be approached in the same way as well. This should allow a researcher to identify those methods of integration of musical tones that are most common in practice of musicking across the world and to distinguish human music from speech and from animal communication. Potentially, the analysis of TO can deliver an additional novel source of information on the syntax, semantics, and pragmatics of musicking—extracted from musical structures alone (rather than established from accounts of musical behavior and interviews of music experts and users) in a way similar to the way in which a discourse analysis of recordings of speech can provide an insight into the semiotic organization of verbal languages.
Therapeutic expression of hairpins targeting Apolipoprotein B100 induces differential changes in murine liver

Constitutive expression of short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) may cause cellular toxicity in vivo and using microRNA (miRNA) scaffolds can circumvent this problem. Here we show that embedding siRNA sequences targeting Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB) in shRNA (shApoB) or miRNA (miApoB) scaffolds resulted in differential processing and efficacy, leading to changes in liver morphology, cellular miRNA and gene expression. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-shApoB- or AAV-miApoB-mediated ApoB knockdown induced differential expression of 37 cellular miRNAs and significant deregulation of 106 and 266 genes, respectively. Overall, our data indicate that therapeutic expression of shApoB and miApoB results in alterations of different lipid metabolism genes despite the same phenotypic effect of plasma cholesterol reduction. Surprisingly, only in AAV-shApoB-injected animals, genes involved in immune system activation or cell growth and death were affected, which was represented with increased hepatocyte proliferation in this group. Subsequently, in AAV-miApoB-injected animals, changes of genes involved in oxidoreductase activity, oxidative phosphorylation and nucleic bases biosynthetic processes were observed indicating that shApoB and miApoB have a distinct side effect profile. Deregulation of cellular miRNA and liver transcriptome may have serious consequences for future RNAi therapeutics as it may result in cytotoxicity and loss of gene silencing.
Title: Population-based survival estimates for childhood cancer in Australia during the period 1997-2006. Running title: Survival for Australian childhood cancer

Background: This study provides the latest available relative survival data for Australian childhood cancer patients. Methods: Data from the population-based Australian Paediatric Cancer Registry were used to describe relative survival outcomes using the period method for 11,903 children diagnosed with cancer between 1983 and 2006 and prevalent at any time between 1997 and 2006. Results: The overall relative survival was 90.4% after 1 year, 79.5% after 5 years and 74.7% after 20 years. Where information on stage at diagnosis was available (lymphomas, neuroblastoma, renal tumours and rhabdomyosarcomas), survival was significantly poorer for more advanced stage. Survival was lower among infants compared to other children for those diagnosed with leukaemia, tumours of the central nervous system and renal tumours but higher for neuroblastoma. Recent improvements in overall childhood cancer survival over time are mainly due to improvements among leukaemia patients. Conclusion: The high and improving survival prognosis for children diagnosed with cancer in Australia is consistent with various international estimates. However, a 5-year survival estimate of 79% still means that many children who are diagnosed with cancer will die within 5 years while others have long term health morbidities and complications associated with their treatments. It is hoped that continued developments in treatment protocols will result in further improvements in survival.
Misconceptions leading to errors in elementary algebra (generalised arithmetic)

This thesis describes an investigation into the reasons underlying particular errors in elementary algebra or 'generalised arithmetic ' which an earlier project at Chelsea College the Concepts in Secondary Mathematics and Science project had shown were widely prevalent among 13 to 15 year old children. The investigation comprised three phases: (1) an exploration of the conceptual bases of the errors under study, by means of a total of 72 individual interviews with children identified as making the errors; (2) the monitoring, via a series of small-group teaching experiments using three groups of 5-6 children aged 13 to 14 years, of children's interaction with a 'cognitive-instructional' programme based on the interview findings, and which aimed to help children restructure their thinking so as to avoid making the errors; and (3) the development and trial of this instructional programme for use with with whole classes, using four groups of 12 to 15 year olds taught by the researcher, and seven classes in the same age range taught by the usual class teachers. The schools used were mainly in the Greater London Area. The results of the research indicated three main areas of difficulty contributing to the errors in question, namely (i) the way in which children view letters in algebra (as 'objects' or as specific rather than generalised number), (ii) children's difficulties in formalizing and symbolising arithmetic procedures, and in particular the use by children in arithmetic of informal 'child-methods' which do not readily extend to the algebraic case, and (iii) difficulties with
The Existence of Coffee Barista Education in Kota Lumpia (Semarang)

___________________________________________________________________ Semarang is one of the big cities in Indonesia that owns many popularities, such as culture and education. Semarang as the capital city of Central Java, experiencing some developments in sectors. Instead, the coffee industry also developed in Semarang. This was appeared by a lot of cafes of coffee spread on every side of Semarang. The aimed of this research was to analyze the existence of barista education in Semarang indeed. The research method applied is a qualitative method. Through applying the method, would be found comprehensive results about the existence of education of coffee barista in Semarang. The technic of collecting data was done by interview, and deeply barista coffee education in Semarang existed because of the development and need for a competent barista for the coffee industry. This research implied to reinforce the theory of education, especially for barista coffee education.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Stochastic Dominance Analysis of CTA Funds Stochastic Dominance Analysis of CTA Funds

In this paper, we employ the stochastic dominance approach to rank the performance of commodity trading advisors (CTA) funds. An advantage of this approach is that it alleviates the problems that can arise if CTA returns are not normally distributed by utilizing the entire returns distribution. We find both first-order and higher-order stochastic dominance relationships amongst the CTA funds and conclude that investors would be better off investing in the first-order dominant funds to maximize their expected utilities and expected wealth. However, for higher-order dominant CTA, risk-averse investors can maximize their expected utilities but not their expected wealth. We conclude that the stochastic dominance approach is more appropriate compared with traditional approaches as a filter in the CTA selection process given that a meaningful economic interpretation of the results is possible as the entire return distribution is utilized when returns are non-normal.
Inference in Cointegrated Models: UK M1 Revisited

The paper addresses the empirical application of multivariate cointegration analysis to a small model of narrow money, prices, output and interest rates in the UK. Practical determination of cointegration rank is difﬁcult for many reasons: deterministic terms play a crucial role in limiting distributions, and systems may not be formulated to ensure similarity to nuisance parameters; ﬁnite-sample critical values may differ from asymptotic equivalents (the latter are usually obtained via simulation, but could be based on response surfaces); dummy variables alter critical values, often greatly; multiple cointegration vectors must be identiﬁed to allow inference; the data may be I (2) rather than I (1), altering distributions; and conditioning to partial systems must be done with care.
On the scaling and topology of conﬁned bluﬀ-body ﬂows

An experimental study of bluff bodies in conﬁnement is presented. Two Reynolds matched rigs (pipe diameters: D = 40 mm and D = 194 mm) are used to derive a picture of the ﬂow topology of the primary-shedding mode (Kármán vortex, mode-I). Conﬁned bluff bodies create an additional spectral mode (mode-II). This is caused by the close coupling of the shedder blockage and the wall and is unique to the conﬁned bluff-body problem. Under certain conditions, modes-I and II can interact, resulting in a lock-on, wherein the modes cease to exist at independent frequencies. The topological effects of mode interaction are demonstrated using ﬂow visualisation. Furthermore, the scaling of mode-II is explored. The two experimental facilities span Reynolds numbers (based on the shedder diameter, d ) 10 4 < Re d < 10 5 and bulk Mach numbers 0 . 02 < M b < 0 . 4. Bluff bodies with a constant blockage ratio ( d / D ), forebody shape and various splitter-plate lengths ( l ) and thicknesses ( t ) are used. Results indicate that the ﬂow topology changes substantially between short ( l < d ) and long ( l > d ) tailed geometries. Surface ﬂow visualisation indicates that the primary vortex becomes anchored on the tail when l (cid:38) 3 h (2 h = d − t ). This criterion prohibits the development of such a topology for short-tailed geometries. When mode interaction occurs, which it does exclusively in long-tailed cases, the tail-anchored vortex pattern is disrupted. The onset of mode-II occurs at approximately the same Reynolds number in both rigs, although the associated dimensionless frequency is principally a function of Mach number. Accordingly, mode interaction is avoided in the larger-scale rig, due to the increased separation of the modal frequencies.
Moxiﬂoxacin Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics and Optimal Dose and Susceptibility Breakpoint Identiﬁcation for Treatment of Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Infection (cid:1)

Organisms of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) have been demonstrated to be susceptible to moxiﬂoxacin. However, clinical data on how to utilize moxiﬂoxacin to treat disseminated MAC are scanty. In addition, there have been no moxiﬂoxacin pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies performed for MAC infection. We utilized an in vitro PK/PD model of intracellular MAC to study moxiﬂoxacin PK/PD for disseminated disease. Moxiﬂoxacin doses, based on a serum half-life of 12 h, were administered, and the 0- to 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC 0–24 ) to MIC ratios associated with 1.0 log 10 CFU/ml per week kill and 90% of maximal kill (EC 90 ) were identiﬁed. The AUC 0–24 /MIC ratio associated with 1.0 log 10 CFU/ml kill was 17.12, and that with EC 90 was 391.56 ( r 2 (cid:1) 0.97). Next, the moxiﬂoxacin MIC distribution in 102 clinical isolates of MAC was identiﬁed. The median MIC was 1 to 2 mg/liter. Monte Carlo simulations of 10,000 patients with disseminated MAC were performed to determine the probability that daily moxiﬂoxacin doses of 400 and 800 mg/day would achieve or exceed 1.0 log 10 CFU/ml per week kill or EC 90 . Doses of 400 and 800 mg/day achieved the AUC 0–24 /MIC ratio of 17.12 in 64% and 92% of patients, respectively. The critical concentration of moxiﬂoxacin against MAC was identiﬁed as 0.25 mg/liter in Middlebrook media. of clinical isolates moxiﬂoxacin prior to examined for safety and efﬁcacy for disseminated M. avium disease.
Instrumental investigation of single and paired Mandarin tonemes

Abstract : The commonly accepted five registers of Mandarin are verified and shown each to be approximately 36 cps wide, with a standard deviation of 1.29 cps on a normalized scale. The 68-percent normal population limits are delineated for the emphatic tone forms, as well as new 5-register number notations for tones actually produced in isolation and in couplets. A complete permutation of toneme environment contouroids is included. The study was based on isolated and coupled words of high linguistic frequency, which were recorded by eighteen professors of the Mandarin language. The pitch contours and protensities of their utterances, displayed as normalized frequency-change ratios and durations, were grouped according to tonemic context and compared for experimental consistency with postulated theoretical behavior. For standardization and convenience, individual differences were removed by representing tone behavior in terms of contouroids (simplified contours). Categories include tones alone, pre-neutral position, neutral behavior, and the effects of pre- and post-tone position on couplets. (Author)
ROCKFALL HAZARD AT LITTLE MILL CAMPGROUND, UINTA NATIONAL FOREST: PART 2. DEM ANALYSIS

: The scope of this study is the identification of rock slope instabilities and rockfall hazard zones using a digital elevation model. Susceptibility to rockfall initiation is assessed by geometric factors: steepness of topography; possibility of planar or wedge sliding (based on the intersection of four identified discontinuity sets with topography); and erosion potential (erodible volume calculated using a base level method). The runout zones of susceptible rockfall areas are determined using the shadow-angle method. The study site is a campground in American Fork Canyon (Utah) with a history of rockfall activity. Potential rockfall source areas with low to very high susceptibility are found on both valley flanks (5.85% of the surface of the study area). The campground and a Utah State highway are entirely exposed to rockfall from sources with at least moderate susceptibility. Some parts are exposed to source areas with a high or very high susceptibility.
Influence of post-harvest treatments on quality and shelf life of jamun ( Syzygium cuminii Skeels.) fruits under ambient storage

An investigation was carried out to know the effectiveness of different post-harvest treatments on storage behaviour, physiological, physico-chemical changes and organoleptic parameters of jamun fruits at ambient storage. The treatments involved post-harvest application of calcium chloride (1.0 and 2.0%), GA 3 (50 and 100ppm) and sachets containing iron powder (1 and 1.5g/kg fruits) and potassium permanganate (5 and 10g/kg of fruits). Minimum respiration rate (32.32 ml CO 2 /kg/h), rotting percentage (17.86%), highest retention of titratable acidity (1.39%), Phenols (200.70 mg/100g) and antioxidant activity (87.13%) was recorded in the fruits with sachets containing iron powder (1g/kg of fruits) during the storage period up to 6 days after storage respectively. The fruits with sachets containing iron powder (1g/kg of fruits) extend shelf life up to 6 days at ambient storage and it was superior to all other treatments in maintaining better physiological behaviour, physico-chemical characters and organoleptic qualities under ambient storage conditions.
Open tibial shaft fracture management in Argentina: an evaluation of treatment standards in diverse resource settings

Abstract Background: Argentina is a country with varying access to orthopedic surgical care. The Argentine Association of Trauma and Orthopedics (AATO) “Interior Committee” was developed to address potential regional differences and promote standardization of orthopedic trauma care. The paper assesses the level of national standardization of the management of open tibia fractures across 9 provinces in Argentina. Methods: Utilizing a matched-comparison group design, management of these injuries were assessed and compared between 3 groups: an “AATO Exterior Committee” consisting of surgeons that practice in Buenos Aires, and 2 “Interior Committees,” comprising surgeons that practice in outlying provinces, 1 of which is affiliated with the AATO, and 1 that is not affiliated with the AATO. The study was conducted in 2 phases: phase 1 assessed open tibia fracture management characteristics, and phase 2 evaluated the management of soft-tissue wound coverage following open fractures. Results: Soft-tissue coverage procedures for Gustilo Anderson Type IIIB fractures were more commonly performed by orthopedic surgeons in Interior Committees than the AATO Exterior Committee. Greater rates of definitive wound coverage within 7 days post-injury were reported in both Interior Committees compared to the Exterior Committee. Plastic surgeons were reported as more available to those in the AATO Exterior Committee group than in the AATO Interior Committees. Conclusion: While treatment patterns were evident among groups, differences were identified in the management and timing of soft-tissue coverage in Gustilo Anderson Type IIIB fractures between the Exterior Committee and both Interior Committees. Future targeted educational and surgical hands-on training opportunities that emphasize challenges faced in resource-limited settings may improve the management of open tibia fractures in Argentina.
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 6 Article 3

Experiments were conducted to study the bioefficacies of different plant/weed derivatives that affect the development of the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculates F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) fed on black gram, Vigna mungo, seeds. Plant extracts, powder, ash and oil from nishinda (Vitex negundo L.), eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus globules Labill.), bankalmi (Ipomoea sepiaria K.), neem (Azadirachta indica L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and bablah (Acacia arabica L.) were evaluated for their oviposition inhibition, surface protectant, residual toxicity and direct toxicity effects on C. maculates. The results showed that plant oils were effective in checking insect infestation. The least number of F1 adults emerged from black gram seeds treated with neem oil. The nishinda oil extract was the most toxic of three extracts tested (nishinda, eucalyptus and bankalmi). Bablah ash was the most effective compared to the powdered leaves of nishinda, eucalyptus and bankalmi. The powdered leaves and extracts of nishinda, eucalyptus and bankalmi, at a 3% mixture, provided good protection for black gram seeds by reducing insect oviposition, F1 adult emergence, and grain infestation rates. The oil treatment did not show adverse effects on germination capability of seeds, even after three months of treatment. Correspondence: talukder@squ.edu. om Received: 10.2. 2004 | Accepted: 10.16. 2005 | Published: 4.17. 2006
GENTAMYCIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN CHICKENS: MODULATORY ROLE OF MORINGA OLEIFERA

The aim of the present study was to determine whether Moringa oleifera (MOR) leaf powder, have a modulatory effect against gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens or not. Twenty laying hens were equally divided into four groups: First group (CON) received standard basal diet only. Second group (GEN) was injected with GEN (50mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly ( i.m .), twice daily, for 5 consecutive days). Third group (GEN+MOR) was supplemented with MOR leaf powder (10gm/kg diet) daily for 12 consecutive days and injected with GEN (50mg/kg body weight, i.m ., twice daily, for 5 consecutive days) starting from the day 8. Fourth group (MOR) was supplemented with MOR leaf powder (10gm/kg diet) daily for 12 consecutive days. GEN administration increased serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and malonaldehyde (MDA) and decreased total protein, albumin, reduced glutathione (GSH) content as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities indicating nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, histopathological findings revealed marked tubular vacuolar degeneration, focal interstitial mononuclear cells infiltrations, congestion, focal cystic change and tubular necrosis in GEN-treated kidneys. However, MOR leaf powder supplementation with GEN administration caused significant decrease of serum Cr, BUN, and MDA and increase of total protein, albumin, GSH, SOD, GPx, and CAT compared with GEN alone. Moreover, GEN+MOR treated group showed slight focal interstitial mononuclear cells infiltrations in renal tissues. These findings suggested that dietary supplementation of MOR leaf powder may prevent or reduce the GEN-induced nephrotoxicity.