Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Cyanea capillata populations by predation on their planulae

A series of feeding trials was carried out, offering planula larvae of Cyanea capillata to three potential predators, Mnemiopsis leidyi , Mytilus edulis and Ciona intestinalis , alone or mixed with algae or copepods. Mussels and ascidians consumed planulae in signiﬁcant numbers in all prey combination trials, whereas ctenophores did so only when planulae were offered as sole prey. These results suggest that grazing pressure on scyphozoan planulae may play an important role in regulating medusa blooms. very few studies on the survival of of into and their as a of for
HELMINTH PARASITES OF THE LONG-FINNED EEL, ANGU/LLA DIEFFEN BACH M, AND THE SHORT-FINNED EEL, A. AUSTRALIS

Fifty-four long-finned eels (Angullla dieffenbachii) and forty-seven short-finned eels (A. australis) were taken from the Waimakariri and Okuku rivers, and Lake Ellesmere, and examined for helminth parasites. The following trematodes: Stegodexamene anguillae, Telogaster opisthorchis, Lecitochirium sp. and a bivesiculid; and the following nematodes: Spirocamallanus anguillae, Cucullanus anguillae, Paraquimperia novaezelandiae, and Anguillicola australiensis, were recovered. The incidence of parasites differed in the two species, dominants being Stegodexamene in the short-finned, and Spirocamallanus in the long-finned eel. Food preferences, avoidance reactions of trematodes to neroatodes, and host range of Spirocamallanus, are suggested to explain this difference. Incidence and number of helminths increased with increasing host length. Differences in incidence and intensity of individual helminth species in each eel species were observed. Each parasite species showed a preference for one gut region.
Epibiotic association between filamentous bacteria and the vent-associated galatheid crab, Shinkaia crosnieri (Decapoda: Anomura)

The galatheid crab Shinkaia crosnieri, is the sole member of the subfamily Shinkaiinae. It is abundant and forms dense beds around active hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough. Thousands of filamentous bacteria attached to the plumose setae on the ventral surface of this crab were observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Nucleic acids were extracted from the filamentous bacteria, and the phylotypes of 16S rRNA genes were identified from 81 clones. These phylotypes were divided into three groups: Epsilonproteobacteria (74%); Gammaproteobacteria (20%); and Bacteroidetes (6%). Gamma- and major phylotypes of Epsilonproteobacteria were also detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. These Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria were closely related to cultured and uncultured bacteria from hydrothermal vent fields including episymbionts of vent-associated invertebrates such as Rimicaris exoculata, Alvinella pompejana, the scaly-foot snail, Kiwa hirsuta etc. The carbon isotopic compositions of the muscle of S. crosnieri and in filamentous bacteria were similar. The muscle of S. crosnieri contained monounsaturated C16 and C18 fatty acids, which are known to be characteristic of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria in H2S-rich marine habitats. Through the video images transmitted by a submersible and a remotely operated vehicle, S. crosnieri was observed to comb out its ventral setae using the third maxilliped and appeared to consume the contents. These evidences suggest the epibiotic association between S. crosnieri and the filamentous bacteria attached to the ventral setae of the crab, but the details of role and function are still unclear at the present study.
Ruminal microorganism consideration and protein used in the metabolism of the ruminants: A review

A great diversity of species of microorganisms are present in the rumen environmental with specific functions in the degradation of carbohydrates, protein and lipids. However, the knowledge of the interactions between the different species of microorganisms in the rumen ecosystem and their specific substrates were used to improve nutritional management and can increase production of meat or milk. A balanced nutritional management is very important. When inappropriate feedstuffs are used on diet formulation for cattle, there is a decrease in the growth of microorganisms in the rumen. And the availability of the use of protein synthesized in rumen for all metabolisms of the animal. Key words: Microorganism growth, microbial protein, proteolysis.
Expression of the co‐stimulatory molecule CD40 on melanoma cells

We have previously shown that one of the co‐factors required for generation of T‐cell responses, B7.1, is variably expressed on melanoma cells. In the present studies we have examined the expression of another important co‐factor in T‐cell responses, viz., CD40, and investigated regulation of its expression and possible function(s). PCR analysis revealed mRNA for CD40 in all 18 cell lines established from metastatic melanoma and the majority of those from 6 primary melanoma. CD40 protein was detectable in approximately 50% of the cell lines by flow cytometry and in sections from only 2 of 20 melanoma. Expression of CD40 protein was increased in 2 of 3 cell lines with constitutive CD40 expression by interferon‐γ but not by granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, interleukin‐2 or tumor necrosis factor‐α Interaction of monoclonal antibody with CD40 on melanoma cells resulted in an increase in their cell division but did not increase expression of the costimulatory factor B7. Our results suggest that CD40 expression on melanoma may have important effects on their biology. The influence of CD40 expression on T‐cell responses to melanoma remains to be investigated. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symposium 14: Controversial topics in soft tissue pathology

The passion for controversy appears to be one of the hallmarks of pathology practice and liposarcomas, despite representing the commonest subgroup of mesenchymal tumours, do not make an exception. At least two areas still pose conceptual problems that have represented source of sharp debate. One problem concerns the proposal to replace the term well-differentiated (WD) liposarcoma with the softer one ‘atypical lipomatous tumours’; the second one concerns the true biologic potential of dedifferentiated liposarcoma, an entity characterized by a clinical behaviour that does not match entirely its distinctive high-grade morphology. In both situations a continuous conceptual evolution has been observed that has led to some degree of diagnostic confusion.
Influence of plasma macronutrient levels on hepatic metabolism: role of regulatory networks in homeostasis and disease states

The human liver acts as a homeostatic controller for maintaining the normal levels of plasma metabolite concentrations by uptake, utilization, storage and synthesis of essential metabolites. These hepatic functions are orchestrated through a multilevel regulation composed of metabolic, signaling and transcriptional networks. Plasma macronutrients namely, glucose, amino acids and fatty acids are known to influence these regulatory mechanisms to facilitate homeostasis. We composed a regulatory circuit that elicits the design principle behind the metabolic regulation in liver. We have developed a detailed dynamic model for hepatic metabolism incorporating the regulatory mechanisms at signaling and transcriptional level. The model was analyzed to capture the behavior of hepatic metabolic fluxes under various combinations of plasma macronutrient levels. The model was used to rationalize and explain the experimental observations of metabolic dysfunctions through regulatory mechanisms. We addressed the key questions such as, how high carbohydrate diet increases cholesterol and why a high protein diet would reduce it; how high fat and high protein diet increases gluconeogenesis leading to hyperglycemia; how TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle is impaired through diet induced insulin resistance; how high fat can impair plasma ammonia balance; how high plasma glucose can lead to dyslipidemia and fatty liver disease etc. The analysis indicates that higher levels (above 2.5–3 fold) of macronutrient in plasma results in impairment of metabolic functions due to perturbations in the regulatory circuit. While higher glucose levels saturate the rate of plasma glucose uptake, higher amino acids activate glucagon and inhibit IRS (insulin receptor substrate) through S6K (S6 kinase), whereas higher fatty acid levels inhibit IRS through DAG–PKC (diacylglycerol and protein kinase C) and TRB3 activation. Moreover the ATP–ADP ratio is reduced under such conditions and β-oxidation is up-regulated through activation of PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha) leading to reduced anabolic capacity and increased cataplerosis in TCA cycle. The above factors together decrease insulin sensitivity and enhances glucagon effect through underlying signaling and transcriptional network leading to insulin resistance in liver. Such a metabolic state is known to result in diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Evaluation of heterosis and heterosis retention in Bos taurus-Bos indicus crossbred cattle for reproductive and maternal traits in cows

Evaluation of Heterosis and Heterosis Retention in Bos taurus-Bos indicus Crossbred Cattle for Reproductive and Maternal Traits in Cows. (December 2006) Rodney Oliver Neufeld Arce, DVM, National University of Asunción, Asunción Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. James O. Sanders Reproductive, maternal and weight traits were analyzed for Angus (A), Brahman (B), Hereford (H), and Nellore (N) straightbred cows; F1 NA; 3/8N 5/8A cows; and four breed composite cows (BANH) at the McGregor Research Station in Central Texas. Heterosis was estimated for calf crop born (CCB) (n = 1,698), calf crop weaned (CCW) (n = 1,698), calf survival (CS) (n = 1,388), birth weight (BW) (n = 1380), weaning weight (WW) (n = 1,198), and cow weight at palpation (PWT) (n = 1,929) by linear contrasts for cow breed and cow breed group. F1 NA and the quarter breed composite BANH dam group expressed significant (P < 0.0001) heterosis for calf crop born and calf crop weaned. The 3/8 N 5/8 Aa produced by matings of 3/4 A 1/4 N bulls to NA dams expressed significantly more heterosis for CCB (P < 0.0001) and CCW (P < 0.01), while the 3/8 N 5/8 Ac dams expressed less heterosis than predicted from the dominance model for both traits. For CS the 3/8 N 5/8 Aa expressed the same amount of heterosis as predicted from the dominance model of 0.05, while the 3/8 N 5/8 Ab and 3/8 N 5/8 Ac dams expressed less heterosis than predictions based on the dominance model. Heterosis estimates were only significantly higher (P < 0.10) for BANHb dams than expectations
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma: Evaluation of molecular tumour markers

Ovine pulmonary carcinoma (previously pulmonary adenomatosis) is characterized by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus-induced progressive alveolar epithelial proliferation, resulting into papillary ingrowths and associated fibroplasia of alveolar septa. The diagnostic efficacy of certain molecular tumour markers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections using specific monoclonal antibodies. Out of total nine cases, one was found to be metastasized in the mediastinal lymph node and liver. Histopathologically, papilliform alveolar epithelial cells assuming large cuboidal to columnar appearance, obliterating partially or completely the alveolar spaces, associated fibrosis of alveolar septa and infiltration of inflammatory cells were seen. AgNOR staining revealed many small AgNOR dots (mean value 11.64±0.94 per nucleus) and mean PCNA index was 73.90±29.39, suggesting proliferative activity of the alveolar epithelial cells. The cells were positive for p53, c-Myc, PCNA and hTERT, showing specific nuclear staining. The proliferating cells showed reduced expression of cadherin. Strong fibronectin presence was seen in the stroma and connective tissue while proliferating alveolar epithelial cells revealed relatively weak pericellular fibronectin expression. The results showed the successful use of the tumour markers in characterizing the neoplastic properties of the alveolar epithelial cells in the ovine pulmonary adeno-carcinoma.
Tooth remineralization using bio-active glass - A novel approach

Teeth go through a natural, continuous process of demineralization and re-mineralization. Demineralization occurs due to bacterial acids, foods and physiological process. Mineralization occurs from the calcium and phosphorus (normally present in saliva) precipitating into a crystalline form of calcium phosphate called Hydroxy Carbonate Apatite (HCA), which is the mineral component of all teeth and bones. Since natural re-mineralization is inadequate to maintain strong enamel, the natural re-mineralization process needs to be augmented. The discovery of Bioactive Glass pushed the boundaries of biomaterials capability and their function. In an era of bio-inert materials and implantation, Hench determined the critical steps for bioactive glass-ceramic interaction with the human body in order to bond. Various dentifrices have been formulated that have calcium-sodium-phosphosilicate as their prime constituent, which enhance tooth re-mineralization by providing calcium and phosphorus to the tooth surface. This paper is an attempt to highlight the unique re-mineralizing properties of Bio active glass.
Atrazine induced changes in elemental and biochemical composition and nitrate reductase activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Herbicides play an important role in agricultural practices but the introduction of these compounds into the aquatic environment can have severe consequences for non-target organisms such as microalgae. The ubiquitous green freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model species in all aspects of microalgal physiology, was used to assess the toxicity of atrazine, one of the most widely used herbicides throughout the world. Atrazine acts on photosynthesis and therefore can affect non-target primary producers, such as microalgae. Growth, dry weight, elemental composition, photosynthetic pigments and protein contents and nitrate reductase activity were studied. After 96 h of exposure to different atrazine concentrations all the parameters studied were affected, but different sensitivities to the herbicide were shown. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was strongly affected even at an atrazine concentration that did not affect growth (0.1 µM); the lowest concentrations of atrazine assayed (0.1 and 0.25 µM) provoked a > 40% decrease in NR activity and NR decreased > 80% with atrazine concentrations of 0.5 µM. C/N ratio was also affected by all the atrazine concentrations assayed. Nitrate reductase activity and C/N ratio were better indicators of the cellular stress state than data on other biochemical components or growth rate. Among cell parameters assayed, the NR activity stood out as a sensitive cytotoxicity endpoint and the activity of this enzyme can be suggested as a sensitive biomarker of stress induced by atrazine in C. reinhardtii.
Valine‐alanine manganese superoxide dismutase polymorphism is not associated with alcohol‐induced oxidative stress or liver fibrosis

The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of alcohol‐induced liver disease (ALD) is receiving increasing attention. Recently, it has been reported that homozygosity for a valine to alanine substitution in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD) represents a risk factor for severe ALD. Because this mutation is postulated to modify enzyme transport into mitochondria, we have sought confirmatory evidence of this association in a larger group of patients and investigated whether this polymorphism might influence alcohol‐induced oxidative stress. Genotyping for the valinealanine (Val‐Ala) polymorphism of the Mn‐SOD gene in 281 patients with advanced ALD (cirrhosis/fibrosis) and 218 drinkers without liver disease showed no differences in either the heterozygote (55% vs. 50%) or the homozygote (19% vs. 23%) frequency for the alanine allele. By measuring the titers of circulating antibodies against oxidized cardiolipin (OX‐CL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) or hydroxy‐ethyl radical (HER) adducts as markers of oxidative stress, we found a significant increase in ALD patients compared with healthy controls. However, the carriers of the alanine Mn‐SOD allele had titers of anti‐MDA, anti‐HER, and anti‐OX‐CL IgG comparable with heterozygotes and patients homozygous for the valine allele. Similarly, the frequency of subjects with antibody titers above the 95th percentile of controls was not increased among homozygotes for the alanine Mn‐SOD allele. In conclusion, in our population Val‐Ala polymorphism in Mn‐SOD influences neither susceptibility to alcohol‐induced liver fibrosis nor alcohol‐induced oxidative stress. (HEPATOLOGY2002;36:1355‐1360).
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TB. Designing Clinical Research. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. 3. Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; for the STROBE initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007;370:1453-1457. 4. Huang JF, Yu ML, Huang CF, Chiu CF, Dai CY, Huang CI, et al. The efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis c patients with hepatocellular carcinoma post curative therapies—a multicenter prospective trial. J Hepatol 2011;54: 219-226.
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1. Garc ıaAlvarez M, Pineda-Tenor D, Jim enez-Sousa MA, Fern andezRodr ıguez A, Guzm an-Fulgencio M, Resino S. Relationship of vitamin D status with advanced liver fibrosis and response to hepatitis C virus therapy: a meta-analysis. HEPATOLOGY 2014;60:1541-1550. 2. Kitson MT, Sarrazin C, Toniutto P, Eslick GD, Roberts SK. Vitamin D level and sustained virologic response to interferon-based antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2014;61:1247-1252. 3. Bitetto D, Fattovich G, Fabris C, Ceriani E, Falleti E, Fornasiere E, et al. Complementary role of vitamin D deficiency and the interleukin28B rs12979860 C/T polymorphism in predicting antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C. HEPATOLOGY 2011;53:1118-1126. 4. Falleti E, Bitetto D, Fabris C, Fattovich G, Cussigh A, Cmet S, et al. Vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms and baseline vitamin D levels as predictors of antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C. HEPATOLOGY 2012; 56:1641-1650. 5. Bitetto D, Bortolotti N, Falleti E, Vescovo S, Fabris C, Fattovich G, et al. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with hepatitis C virus chronic infection and with unresponsiveness to interferon-based antiviral therapy. HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:925-933.
Symposium 21: (Risk) indicator lesions and carcinoma in situ of the breast

The multistep model for breast carcinogenesis suggests a transition from normal epithelium to invasive carcinoma via non-atypical and atypical hyperplasia and in situ carcinoma. Within the breast, these proliferations are heterogeneous in their cytological and architectural characteristics. The introduction of mammographic screening has led to the increased detection of preinvasive disease and has highlighted deficiencies in our understanding and classification of such lesions. The morphological classification of breast disease remains controversial and there has been hope that molecular analysis will clarify the uncertainties.
Plant Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality, and Tolerance to Verticillium Wilt of Grafted Watermelon and Tomato in Field Production in the Pacific Northwest

Growth, fruit yield and quality, and potential tolerance to verticillium wilt ( Verticillium dahliae ) were compared among non-grafted, self-grafted, and grafted triploid watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus Thunb., ‘Crisp’n Sweet’) and heirloom tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum , ‘Cherokee Purple’). Rootstocks for watermelon were ‘Emphasis’ bottle gourd ( Lagenaria sicerarea ) and ‘Strong Tosa’ interspeciﬁc squash hybrid ( Cucurbita maxima 3 Cucurbita moschata ), and rootstocks for tomato were ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Maxifort’ interspeciﬁc tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum 3 Solanum habrochaites ). Field trials were carried out in 2010 and 2011 at Hermiston and Eltopia (eastern Oregon and Washington, respectively) and Mount Vernon (western Washington). Grafted watermelon had signiﬁcantly larger stem diameter than non-grafted and self-grafted plants both years at Mount Vernon, whereas there were no differences at Hermiston or Eltopia. Grafted tomato in 2011 had signiﬁcantly stems Eltopia self-grafted, Foliar of verticillium wilt microsclerotia on at either location both site of the Grafting ‘Emphasis’ and Tosa’ rootstocks an ﬁeld
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1. Mueller KM, Kornfeld J-W, Friedbichler K, Blaas L, Egger G, Esterbauer H, et al. Impairment of hepatic growth hormone and glucocorticoid receptor signaling causes steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. HEPATOLOGY 2011;54:1398-1409. 2. Kellendonk C, Opherk C, Anlag K, Sch€ utz G, Tronche F. Hepatocytespecific expression of Cre recombinase. Genesis 2000;26:151-153. 3. Szabo M, Butz MR, Banerjee SA, Chikaraishi DM, Frohman LA. Autofeedback suppression of growth hormone (GH) secretion in transgenic mice expressing a human GH reporter targeted by tyrosine hydroxylase 5’-flanking sequences to the hypothalamus. Endocrinology 1995;136: 4044-4048. 4. Behrens A, Sibilia M, David J-P, M€ohle-Steinlein U, Tronche F, Sch€ utz G, et al. Impaired postnatal hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in mice lacking c-jun in the liver. EMBO J 2002;21:1782-1790.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with the COVID-19 among slum dwellers resided in Dhaka City: a Bangladeshi interview-based survey

Background: The emergent COVID-19 has impacted unprecedentedly to all classes of people. Slum-dwellers' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 are currently poorly understood. To investigate the KAP towards COVID-19 among slum dwellers resided in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional offline survey was carried out enrolling 406 slum dwellers (53.2% male; mean age=44.9 years [SD=12.1]; age range=18-85 years) between August and September, 2020. The face to face interview was conducted to collect data from 6 selected slum areas in Dhaka City using convenience sampling. The questionnaire consisted of informed consent along with questions concerning observational checklists, socio-demographics, and KAP. Results: A sizeable minority were observed without wearing face masks during the survey periods (18.2%) and a vast portion (97.5%) without any hand protection. The mean scores of KAP were 6.1plus-or-minus sign2.6 (out of 17), 12.3plus-or-minus sign1.7 (out of 14), and 9.8plus-or-minus sign1.6 (out of 12), respectively. Moreover, the KAP were strongly and positively correlated with each other. Conclusions: The findings revealed that the majority of slum dwellers in Bangladesh have limited knowledge of COVID-19. Poor practices (i.e., face mask and hand protection) were directly observed during the survey. The findings suggest the immediate implementation of health education programs and adequate interventions.