Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timing properties of PSR 1951+32 in the CTB 80 supernova remnant

Les observations du timing du pulsar milliseconde PSR 1951+32 trouve dans le reste de supernova CTB 80 ont permis de detecter une acceleration de la vitesse de rotation de l'etoile a neutrons. Les observations astrometriques VLA du pulsar sont presentees. Des variations de la mesure de dispersion ont ete mesurees entre 430 MHz et 1400 MHz au niveau 0.02 pc cm -3 .
Banach algebra structure and amenability of a class of matrix algebras with applications

Abstract We introduce a new category of Banach algebras, l 1 -Munn algebras which we use as a tool in the study of semigroup algebras. Then we characterize amenable l 1 -Munn algebras and also semisimple ones in this category. Applying these results to the semigroup algebras provides some characterizations of amenable semigroup algebras. We also provide a counter example to a conjecture of Duncan and Paterson.
Induced population gradients in galaxy merger remnants

We use numerical models to investigate the nature of induced population gradients in merger remnants. As noted by White, we find that the population mixing in stellar-dynamical mergers is rather moderate, leading to metallicity gradients in the remnant that are closely tied to gradients in the progenitor galaxies. Furthermore, the resultant metallicity gradients are poorly fitted by power laws, showing significant nonlinearities within an effective radius. If constant metallicity bulges are added to the progenitor disks, the strong relation between final and initial metallicity gradients is diluted, but the final gradients are still not well fitted by power laws. Detailed studies of the shape of the metallicity gradients in elliptical galaxies should help determine the degree to which stellar-dynamical mergers have contributed to the population of present-day ellipticals. We also consider the effects of centrally concentrated starbursts on metallicity gradients. Using simple models for metallicity enhancement, we find that addition of a metal-rich starburst population can reproduce the magnitude and shape of metallicity gradients observed in elliptical galaxies. However, even in such cases the metallicity gradients in the merger remnant should steepen significantly beyond an effective radius. Modelling such merger-induced starbursts with population synthesis techniques, we find that if the starburst is characterized by solar metallicity, it should be detectable as a bluing of the nuclear regions for several Gyr. However, if the starburst is metal-rich, the reddening effects of higher metallicity makes the broad-band signature of the starburst much more difficult to detect.
A well-balanced gas-kinetic scheme for the shallow-water equations with source terms

Abstract This paper is about the extension of the gas-kinetic BGK scheme to the shallow-water equations with source terms. In the current study, the particle velocity change due to the gravitational force and variable river bottom is implemented explicitly in the flux evaluation. The current scheme is a well-balanced method, which presents accurate and robust results in both steady and unsteady flow simulations.
Influence of the interstellar magnetic field direction on the shape of the global heliopause

In this paper we study the influence of the angle between the local interstellar medium velocity and magnetic field vectors on the interaction of this medium with the solar wind. Both winds are supposed supersonic. Applicability of the two-shock model of the interaction is discussed. Investigation is performed by numerical solution of the MHD equations for an ideal plasma in the one-fluid approximation.
Numerical study of the dynamics of a forced shear layer

Vortex simulation is used to study a confined two‐dimensional, two‐stream, spatially developing shear layer, focusing on the effect of upstream forcing on the development of the vorticity field and the entrainment of irrotational fluid into the mixing zone. In the unforced case, the layer rolls up at the most amplified mode as determined from the linear theory, forming eddies that equilibrate to the neutrally stable mode by increasing the local thickness. Subharmonic perturbation returns the state to the most amplified frequency and pairing starts, repeating the sequence of events and leading to the observed self‐similarity. In the forced case, eddy interactions follow several stages. First, the layer rolls up at the harmonic of the forcing frequency closest to the most amplified mode. A process of accelerated pairing follows yielding eddies in tune with the forcing frequency. Pairing among resonant eddies, which represent the neutrally stable mode, is disabled and the growth of the vorticity layer is imp.
A BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE INTERACTION OF FREE-SURFACE WAVES WITH A VERY LARGE FLOATING FLEXIBLE PLATFORM

In this paper a derivation is given of an integro-differential equation for the determination of the deflection of a large floating flexible platform, excited by waves. The formulation is presented for the general three-dimensional case where also a current may be present. For the two-dimensional case (1-D platform) a solution method with orthogonal function expansions turns out to be nonconvergent and therefore we have chosen to use a finite-difference method to tackle the fourth-order derivatives. This method seems to be efficient and may be extended to the general three-dimensional case. In this paper, we present 2-D results only. For the zero current situation the amplitude of the deflection of the platform together with the reflection and transmission coefficients are shown. Furthermore, for several values of the wavelength, the influence of the current is studied. The analysis for the response of a 2-D platform to a moving pressure point is then given.
Ultraviolet and infrared monitoring of FG Sagittae during 1982-1989 - Evolutionary status

Ultraviolet IUE spectra and infrared JHKL photometry of FG Sge obtained over the period 1982-1989 indicate that the cooling rate of the star observed until about 1980 seems to have stopped and that an increase of the effective temperature may have occurred, this being a significant change in the evolutionary path traced so far. The current spectral type of FG Sge is F6-7 I, as deduced from UV data. There is evidence of the existence of an envelope responsible for the infrared excesses observed at longer wavelengths. The short-term variation period is about 100-110 + or - 15 days, and it has remained stable since 1979, apart from small fluctuations of + or - 15 days. 50 refs.
Composite interstellar grains

The possibility that interstellar grains are composite collections of very small particles, loosely attached to one another, is investigated. The grains are assumed to include a substantial proportion of vacuum along with solid particles. The optical properties of the composite grains are calculated with the approximate Bruggeman mixing rule, and the extinction of the grain is calculated wih standard Mie theory. The derived cross sections are close to those of hollow spheres in which the constituents occupy the proper volume fractions, and the derived optical constants of the mixture also obey the Kramers-Kroenig relations. The calculated interstellar extinction law shows reasonable agreement with observations of the diffuse ISM over the 1500-0.12 micron wavelength range. The predicted albedo is 0.5-0.6. It is predicted that the visual extinction per H nucleus should increase slightly with R(V). 82 refs.
Smoothed Cox regression

Nonparametric regression was shown by Beran and McKeague and Utikal to provide a flexible method for analysis of censored failure times and more general counting processes models in the presence of covariates. We discuss application of kernel smoothing towards estimation in a generalized Cox regression model with baseline intensity dependent on a covariate. Under regularity conditions we show that estimates of the regression parameters are asymptotically normal at rate root-n, and we also discuss estimation of the baseline cumulative hazard function and related parameters.
Whistler mode chorus enhancements in association with energetic electron signatures in the Jovian magnetosphere

[1] By conducting a statistical survey of both wave and particle observations of the Galileo spacecraft, we reveal a close relationship between enhancements of whistler mode chorus and development of energetic electron anisotropies in the Jovian inner magnetosphere. We studied the spatial distribution of intense chorus emissions in the Jovian magnetosphere and identified 104 chorus enhancements by analyzing plasma wave data in the frequency range from 5.6 Hz to 20 kHz obtained from the entire Galileo mission in the inner Jovian magnetosphere during the time period from December 1995 to September 2003. Enhanced chorus emissions with integrated wave power over 10−9V2/m2 were observed around the magnetic equator in the radial distance range from 6 to 13 RJ. A survey of energetic particle data in the energy range of 29–42 keV reveals that all of the identified chorus events were observed in the region of pancake pitch angle distributions of energetic electrons. The ratio of the electron plasma frequency to the electron cyclotron frequency in this region is estimated to be in the range from 1 to 10 using empirical plasma and magnetic field models. This range is suitable for efficient whistler mode wave generation. The present study shows the complete survey of the correspondence between intense chorus and flux enhancement of energetic electrons having statistically significant pancake pitch angle distributions in the Jovian magnetosphere.
GENETIC EVALUATION OF PERSISTENCY IN RANDOM REGRESSION TEST DAY MODELS

Random regression model was applied to estimate variance components and study persistency of test-day records of milk yield of Polish Black and White cattle. Data comprised 578,599 test day records. The model included fixed herd test-day effect, three covariates to describe lactation curve nested within age-season classes, and random regressions for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Legendre polynomials were used to describe all curves. Persistency was defined as the difference between estimated breeding values at 280 and 60 day in lactation. Estimated heritability of persistency was 0,17. Correlation between breeding values and persistency was 0,09 and 0,29 for bulls with less or more than 87,5% of Holstein Friesian genes, respectively which allows for quite an independent selection for these traits. Curves of average breeding values of two groups of studied bulls showed that crossing Polish dairy cattle with Holstein Friesian changes the shape of lactation. It is shown that persistency measure used in this study may not be very informative for farmers using different management strategies when estimated values of persistency are moderate. ________________________________________________________________________________
Stage 2: The Vaginal Flora in Women Undergoing Fetal Spina Bifida Repair and Its Potential Association with Preterm Rupture of Membranes and Preterm Birth

Introduction: Vaginal dysbiosis affects pregnancy outcomes, however, the relevance of abnormal findings on pre/post-surgical vaginal culture in women undergoing fetal spina bifida (fSB) repair is unknown. Objectives: To describe the incidence of normal and abnormal pre- and post-surgical vaginal microorganisms in fSB patients and to investigate potential associations between the type of vaginal flora and the occurrence of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) and preterm birth (PTB). Methods: 99 women undergoing fSB repair were eligible (2010–2019). Pre-surgical vaginal culture was routinely taken before surgery. Post-surgical cultures were taken on indication. Vaginal flora was categorized into four categories: healthy vaginal flora (HVF), bacterial vaginosis (BV), desquamative inflammatory vaginitis (DIV), and yeast infection. Results: The incidence of HVF, BV, DIV, or yeast infections was not statistically different between the pre- and postoperative patients. Furthermore, an abnormal pre/post-surgical vaginal flora was not associated with PPROM (OR 1.57 (0.74–3.32), p = 0.213)/OR 1.26 (0.62–2.55), p = 0.515), or with PTB (OR 1.19 (0.82–1.73), p = 0.315)/(OR 0.86 (0.60–1.24), p = 0.425). Conclusions: Abnormal vaginal microbiome was not associated with PPROM and PTB when appropriate treatment was performed.
Observations of vertical motions in the troposphere and lower stratosphere using three closely spaced ST radars

Three closely spaced vertical clear-air radar sites were installed and operated in Southern France during the Alpex experiment. This United States-France cooperative effort was designed to determine atmospheric wave parameters in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. In this report we describe the experiment, give an overview of the data and present vertical wind speed power spectra. We also show spatial coherences obtained between heights and between radar sites.
Guaranteed cost control of networked control systems based on delta operator Kalman filter

In this paper, the problem of guaranteed cost control for networked control systems is addressed by using delta operator Kalman filter approach. To cope with network‐induced delays and packet dropout, we take into account the quality‐of‐service of networks. The networked control system is described as a kind of delayed Markovian jump delta operator systems. Sufficient conditions for the solvability of underlying problem are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed techniques. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic structure and electric-field gradients of uranium dioxide: An ab initio study

The magnetic structure of uranium dioxide has been investigated using linear augmented plane wave ab initio calculations, taking into account spin-orbit coupling, strong Coulomb correlation (using the $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ approach) and noncollinear magnetism. The collinear 1-k antiferromagnetic type-I structure and the noncollinear antiferromagnetic 2-k and 3-k orderings have been tested. The 1-k and 2-k structures can be excluded by a comparison between the calculated and experimental uranium electric field gradients (EFG). It is shown that the measured EFG agrees with theory only in the 3-k structure and an additional deformation of the oxygen cage with an oxygen displacement of ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{O}=0.16\mathrm{a}. \mathrm{u}. $ Also the magnetic moments and the corresponding hyperfine fields agree reasonably well with experiment.
Optical Observations of the Black Hole Candidate GX 339−4 (V821 Arae)

GX 339-4 has long been known as a black hole candidate because of its rapid variability and high/low X-ray states, which are similar to those of Cyg X-1. Although GX 339-4 is assumed to be a binary, the orbital period has not yet been convincingly determined, and hence little is known about the nature of the component stars. In this study simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations have been made in an effort to address these problems. Although a definitive period has not been found, we present evidence that it lies near ∼0.7 days. The I-band light curve has an amplitude of only ∼0.2 mag, with flickering of >0.1 mag superposed, making it difficult to determine the orbital period from light variations alone. The emission-line velocity amplitudes are small, suggesting that GX 339-4 is seen at a low orbital inclination angle. Even though the period is still not determined, the relative phasing of the velocities and light minima are known, since the photometric and spectroscopic observing runs overlapped. Assuming the orbital period is near ∼0.7 days, we can set limits on the mass ratio and stellar masses. For reasonable assumptions about the inclination angle, the mass ratio appears to lie between q ∼ 3 and 15, where q = MX/Mdonor. If the donor star mass is greater than ∼0.3 M⊙, the X-ray source is likely to be a black hole.
Supercontinuum generation in aqueous core/shell structured nanoparticles

Abstract. We report the observation of a supercontinuum (SC) in aqueous CdTe/ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) pumped by 800-nm femtosecond laser pulses based on simulations and experiments. For an average nanocrystal of 5.5 nm in size and a weight concentration of 5 mg/mL, the SC generated with a low-input energy range exhibits high optical to optical conversion efficiency. The measured SC spectrum exhibits spectral broadening that is significantly influenced by the nonlinear coefficient of the QDs. This nanoparticles-based SC effect may have special applications for optical coherence imaging and ultrashort pulse compression.
Two-dimensional model of orificed micro-hollow cathode discharge for space application

In this paper, we describe results of self-consistent two-dimensional (x-z) particle-in-cell simulations, with a Monte Carlo collision model, of an orificed micro-hollow cathode operating in a planar diode geometry. The model includes thermionic electron emission with Schottky effect, secondary electron emission due to cathode bombardment by the plasma ions, several different collision processes, and a non-uniform xenon background gas density in the cathode-anode gap. Simulated results showing behavior of the plasma density, potential distribution, and energy flux towards the hollow cathode and orifice walls, are discussed. In addition, results of simulations showing the effect of different Xe gas pressures, orifice size, and cathode voltage, on operation of the micro-hollow cathode are presented.
A Novel Approach to the Numerical Solution of Boundary Value Problems on Infinite Intervals

The classical numerical treatment of two-point boundary value problems on infinite intervals is based on the introduction of a truncated boundary (instead of infinity) where appropriate boundary conditions are imposed. Then, the truncated boundary allowing for a satisfactory accuracy is computed by trial. Motivated by several problems of interest in boundary layer theory, here we consider boundary value problems on infinite intervals governed by a third-order ordinary differential equation. We highlight a novel approach to define the truncated boundary. The main result is the convergence of the solution of our formulation to the solution of the original problem as a suitable parameter goes to zero. In the proposed formulation, the truncated boundary is an unknown free boundary and has to be determined as part of the solution. For the numerical solution of the free boundary formulation, a noniterative and an iterative transformation method are introduced. Furthermore, we characterize the class of free boundary value problems that can be solved noniteratively. A nonlinear flow problem involving two physical parameters and belonging to the characterized class of problems is then solved. Moreover, the Falkner--Skan equation with relevant boundary conditions is considered and representative results, obtained by the iterative transformation method, are listed for the Homann flow. All the obtained numerical results clearly indicate the effectiveness of our approach. Finally, we discuss the possible extensions of the proposed approach and for the question of a priori error analysis.
Spatial considerations in SAR speckle consideration

An approach to the simulation of synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) image products is described that departs from most of the other simulation algorithms in the method of speckle generation. Speckle is prepared corresponding to the combination of the frequency weightings and look sum strategy of the radar processes desired and then multiplied by the source scene data preconditioned by the desired resolution. The method allows output pixel spacings to be specified independently of more fundamental system parameters. Typical results are presented for SIR-B images. >
Methodical assessment of the differences between the QNSE and MYJ PBL schemes for stable conditions

The increasing number of physics parametrization schemes adopted in numerical weather forecasting models has resulted in a proliferation of intercomparison studies in recent years. Many of these studies concentrated on determining which parametrization yields results closest to observations rather than analyzing the reasons underlying the differences. In this work, we study the performance of two 1.5‐order boundary layer parameterizations, the quasi‐normal scale elimination (QNSE) and Mellor–Yamada–Janjić (MYJ) schemes, in the weather research and forecasting model. Our objectives are to isolate the effect of stability functions on the near‐surface values and vertical profiles of virtual temperature, mixing ratio and wind speed. The results demonstrate that the QNSE stability functions yield better error statistics for 2 m virtual temperature but higher up the errors related to QNSE are slightly larger for virtual temperature and mixing ratio. A surprising finding is the sensitivity of the model results to the choice of the turbulent Prandtl number for neutral stratification (Prt0): in the Monin–Obukhov similarity function for heat, the choice of Prt0 is sometimes more important than the functional form of the similarity function itself. There is a stability‐related dependence to this sensitivity: with increasing near‐surface stability, the relative importance of the functional form increases. In near‐neutral conditions, QNSE exhibits too strong vertical mixing attributed to the applied turbulent kinetic energy subroutine and the stability functions, including the effect of Prt0.
Effects of barrier layers on device performance of high mobility In0.7Ga0.3As metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors

We have applied single InP barrier layer with different thicknesses and InP/In0.52Al0. 48As double-barrier layer to In0.7Ga0. 3As Al2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) and investigated their effects on device performance. In0.7Ga0. 3As MOSFETs with 3 nm InP single-barrier attain 22% higher peak effective mobility while devices with 5 nm InP attain 58% higher peak mobility than the ones without barrier. Devices using InP/In0.52Al0. 48As double-barrier achieve mobility enhancement at both low-field (68% at peak mobility) and high-field (55%) compared to ones without barrier. High channel mobility of 4729 cm2/V s has been obtained using InP/In0.52Al0. 48As barrier and atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 gate oxide.
Practical Statistics and Experimental Design for Plant and Crop Science

Preface. Basic Principles of Experimentation. Basic Statistical Calculations. Basic Data Summary. The Normal Distribution, the t--Distribution and Confidence Intervals. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing. Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means. Linear Regression and Correlation. Curve Fitting. The Completely Randomised Design. The Randomised Block Design. The Latin Square Design. Factorial Experiments. Comparison of Treatment Means. Checking the Assumptions and Transformation of Data. Missing Values and Incomplete Blocks. Split Plot Designs Comparison of Regression Lines and Analysis of Covariance. Analysis of Counts. Some Non--parametric Methods. Appendix 1: The Normal Distribution Function. Appendix 2: Percentage Points of the Normal Distribution. Appendix 3: Percentage Points of the t--Distribution. Appendix 4a: 5 Per Cent Points of the F--Distribution. Appendix 4b: 2.5 Per Cent Points of the F--Distribution. Appendix 4c: 1 Per Cent Points of the F--Distribution. Appendix 4d: 0.1 Per Cent Points of the F--Distribution. Appendix 5: Percentage Points of the Sample Correlation Coefficient (r) When the Population Correlation Coefficient is 0 and n is the Number of X.Y. Pairs. Appendix 6: 5 Per Cent Points of the Studentised Range, for Use in Tukey and SNK Tests. Appendix 7: Percentage Points of the Chi--Square Distribution. Appendix 8: Probabilities of S or Fewer Successes in the Binomial Distribution with n a trialsa and p = 0.5. Appendix 9: Critical Values of T in the Wilcoxon Signed Rank or Matched Pairs Test. Appendix 10: Critical Values of U in the Mann--Whitney Test. References. Further Reading. Index.