Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Static and Dynamic Responses of Mechanoreceptors and Intradenta Periodontal Ligament Mechanoreceptors

1. The response properties of 39 periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors ( PDLMs) and 12 intradental mechanoreceptors ( IMs) related to the intact mandibular canine tooth were isolated by extracellular recording methods from the ipsilateral trigeminal semilunar ganglion. 2. The stimulus threshold and response magnitude of individual PDLMs depended on the direction of steady force applied to the intact canine tooth. Canine PDLMs as a population, however, did not have a preferred stimulus direction. IMs were activated only by a rapid mechanical transient applied to the intact tooth in any direction. The stimulus threshold and response magnitude of each IM were approximately equipotent in all stimulus directions. 3. Application of quantifiable ramp-and-hold stimulation showed that PDLMs can encode the intensity of steady forces as well as the rate of force ramps. Increasing the ramp rates decreased the total ramp discharge but increased the peak discharge frequency. IMs encoded only the rate of force ramps that were applied by percussion. Higher ramp rates increased both the total discharges and peak discharge frequency of IMs. 4. The dynamic response properties of PDLMs and IMs were clearly differentiated by sinusoidal vibratory stimulation. The maximum frequencies for entrainment of IM discharge at the stimulus cycle length (25 1 t 103 Hz, mean * SD) and at any periodicity including multiples of the stimulus cycle length (295 t 100 Hz) were significantly higher than the maximum frequencies for PDLM discharge entrainment at the stimulus cycle length ( 103 2 53 Hz) and at any periodicity ( 133 t 62 Hz). 5. The functional similarities of PDLMs and IMs, respectively, to slowly adapting type II mechanoreceptors and Pacinian corpuscle receptors in the skin are discussed. Our present findings, which complement earlier anatomic and behavioral evidence, strongly suggest that IMs subserve nonnociceptive and nonpain functions. Both PDLMs and IMs may provide a continuum of dynamic afferent inputs necessary for tactile sensibility of teeth.
Analysing Irresolute Multiwinner Voting Rules with Approval Ballots via SAT Solving

Suppose you want to design a voting rule that can be used to elect a committee or parliament by asking each voter to approve of a subset of the candidates standing. There are several properties you may want that rule to satisfy. First, voters should enjoy some form of proportional representation. Second, voters should not have an incentive to misrepresent their preferences. Third, outcomes should be Pareto efficient. We show that it is impossible to design a voting rule that satisfies all three properties. We also explore what possibilities there are when we weaken our requirements. Of special interest is the methodology we use, as a significant part of the proof is outsourced to a SAT solver. While prior work has considered similar questions for the special case of resolute voting rules, which do not allow for ties between outcomes, we focus on the fact that, in practice, most voting rules allow for the possibility of such ties.
Comparison of modeled snow properties in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan

Abstract. Ice and snowmelt feed the Indus River and Amu Darya in western High Mountain Asia, yet there are limited in situ measurements of these resources. Previous work in the region has shown promise using snow water equivalent (SWE) reconstruction, which requires no in situ measurements, but validation has been a problem. However, recently we were provided with daily manual snow depth measurements from Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Pakistan by the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat (AKAH). To validate SWE reconstruction, at each station, accumulated precipitation and SWE were derived from snow depth using the numerical snow cover model SNOWPACK. High-resolution (500 m) reconstructed SWE estimates from the Parallel Energy Balance Model (ParBal) were then compared to the modeled SWE at the stations. The Alpine3D model was then used to create spatial estimates at 25 km resolution to compare with estimates from other snow models. Additionally, the coupled SNOWPACK and Alpine3D system has the advantage of simulating snow profiles, which provides stability information. The median number of critical layers and percentage of faceted layers across all of the pixels containing the AKAH stations were computed. For SWE at the point scale, the reconstructed estimates showed a bias of −42 mm ( −19 %) at peak SWE. For the coarser spatial SWE estimates, the various models showed a wide range, with reconstruction being on the lower end. A heavily faceted snowpack was observed in both years, but 2018, a dry year, according to most of the models, showed more critical layers that persisted for a longer period.
Assessing potential locations for flood-based farming using satellite imagery: a case study of Afar region, Ethiopia

Abstract The dry lowlands of Ethiopia are seasonally affected by long periods of low rainfall and, coinciding with rainfall in the Amhara highlands, flood waters which flow onto the lowlands resulting in damage to landscapes and settlements. In an attempt to convert water from storm generated floods into productive use, this study proposes a methodology using remote sensing data and geographical information system tools to identify potential sites where flood spreading weirs may be installed and farming systems developed which produce food and fodder for poor rural communities. First, land use land cover maps for the study area were developed using Landsat-8 and MODIS temporal data. Sentinel-1 data at 10 and 20 m resolution on a 12-day basis were then used to determine flood prone areas. Slope and drainage maps were derived from Shuttle RADAR Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model at 90 m spatial resolution. Accuracy assessment using ground survey data showed that overall accuracies (correctness) of the land use/land cover classes were 86% with kappa 0.82. Coinciding with rainfall in the uplands, March and April are the months with flood events in the short growing season (belg) and June, July and August have flood events during the major (meher) season. In the Afar region, there is potentially >0.55 m ha land available for development using seasonal flood waters from belg or meher seasons. During the 4 years of monitoring (2015–2018), a minimum of 142,000 and 172,000 ha of land were flooded in the belg and meher seasons, respectively. The dominant flooded areas were found in slope classes of <2% with spatial coverage varying across the districts. We concluded that Afar has a huge potential for flood-based technology implementation and recommend further investigation into the investments needed to support new socio-economic opportunities and implications for the local agro-pastoral communities.
Iroki: automatic customization and visualization of phylogenetic trees

Phylogenetic trees are an important analytical tool for evaluating community diversity and evolutionary history. In the case of microorganisms, the decreasing cost of sequencing has enabled researchers to generate ever-larger sequence datasets, which in turn have begun to fill gaps in the evolutionary history of microbial groups. However, phylogenetic analyses of these types of datasets create complex trees that can be challenging to interpret. Scientific inferences made by visual inspection of phylogenetic trees can be simplified and enhanced by customizing various parts of the tree. Yet, manual customization is time-consuming and error prone, and programs designed to assist in batch tree customization often require programming experience or complicated file formats for annotation. Iroki, a user-friendly web interface for tree visualization, addresses these issues by providing automatic customization of large trees based on metadata contained in tab-separated text files. Iroki’s utility for exploring biological and ecological trends in sequencing data was demonstrated through a variety of microbial ecology applications in which trees with hundreds to thousands of leaf nodes were customized according to extensive collections of metadata. The Iroki web application and documentation are available at https://www.iroki. net or through the VIROME portal http://virome.dbi. udel.edu. Iroki’s source code is released under the MIT license and is available at https://github.com/mooreryan/iroki.
Wrinkling of thin sheets under tension

Wrinkling of thin membranes has become a concern in the engineering context due to theirs large use in aerospace applications. The wrinkling of these lightweight structures is often observed, degrading the surface accuracy, which is a fundamental requirement in the manipulation and design of the membranes. In this work it is developed the study of the wrinkling phenomenon in thin rectangular sheets subjected to uniaxial tension. In a first approach, experimental tests are performed to a set of Kapton HN specimens with different thicknesses and plane dimensions using a tri-dimensional digital image correlation technique (VIC-3D). A numerical study recurring to the commercial finite element package ABAQUS is made based on the physical model of the membrane in the aim to assess the growth, the profile and the characteristics of the wrinkles. For that, a geometrically non-linear analysis to the structures is simulated, using thin-shell elements. Finally, the numerical validation of the results is made through the comparison of the numerical solutions available in published literature as well as the comparison with the experimental data obtained. Key-Words: wrinkling, membrane, buckling, finite element method, non-linear analysis
Housing market cycles , productivity growth , and household debt ∗ Job market paper

Housing market crashes are associated with household deleveraging and a very persistent decline in economic activity in an unbalanced panel of 50 countries. The persistence of the output response is driven by a slowdown in productivity growth and capital accumulation and is increasing in the amount of preexisting household debt. To interpret these stylized facts, I construct a two-agent (borrower-saver) dynamic general equilibrium model with occasionally binding collateral constraint tied to housing equity. Productivity grows endogenously in the model through forward-looking innovation investment. When the preexisting level of debt is sufficiently high, negative housing demand shocks cause collateral constraint to bind and trigger deleveraging. Endogenous slowdown in TFP growth emerges as one of the adjustment margins during this process, prolonging the real effects of a crisis. The initial shock is amplified by a negative feedback loop between deleveraging, borrowers’ housing wealth and growth. I use the calibrated model to draw implications for macroeconomic policy during episodes of deleveraging. JEL Codes: E32, E44, G01, O42, R21
Acceptance-based and traditional cognitive-behavioural stress management in the workplace : investigating the mediators and moderators of change.

This thesis describes three intervention studies that were designed to investigate the mediators and moderators of change in worksite stress management training (SMT) programmes. In the first study (Study I), 154 local government employees were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: 1) a training programme based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT); 2) stress inoculation training (SIT); or 3) a wait-list control group. The ACT and SIT interventions were delivered to small groups of employees via three training sessions spread over three months. Outcome and process of change measures were administered at baseline (Time 1), three months after two sessions of training (Time 2), and again three months after a final session of training (Time 3). Both ACT and SIT resulted in large improvements in general mental health across the six month assessment period. Further analyses indicated that the beneficial impact of ACT on mental health was mediated by an increase in psychological flexibility, while the impact of SIT was mediated (at least in part) by a decrease in dysfunctional cognitions. Theoretically consistent differences between ACT and SIT were also found in employees' use of thought reappraisal strategies and in their beliefs about the importance of controlling undesirable cognitions. Study II used a similar methodology to investigate the impact of ACT on the frequency of dysfunctional thinking, and on learning at work. In this second study, 81 local government employees were randomly assigned to an ACT group or to a wait-list control group. The ACT intervention resulted in a significant improvement in employee well-being across a seven month period. As predicted, these improvements in mental health were mediated by an increase in psychological flexibility but not by a reduction in the frequency of dysfunctional thinking. Psychological flexibility also served as the mechanism by which ACT increased work-related learning. In the final study (Study III), participants' initial level of strain was examined as a potential moderator of change in the ACT and SIT interventions. The data from the two previous studies were merged for this final analysis. Results indicated that initial level of strain moderated the effects of these two interventions on employees' mental health. Further analyses revealed that both ACT and SIT led to the largest improvements in mental health amongst those employees with an elevated baseline level of strain. Moreover, approximately 70% of the initially high strain ACT and SIT participants improved to a clinically significant degree by the final assessment point. The general discussion focuses on the theoretical and practical implications of this research, and highlights the utility of using worksite SMT programmes to test underlying cognitive-behavioural theories of change.
Learning User Behavior for Mobile Test Suite Adequacy

—Software development for mobile devices proceeds at a rapid pace. Software as a service, rapid development, and agile programming means that mobile applications are released and updated quickly. As a result, developers have less time to test their applications and cannot completely know the effects of a change. Existing test suite adequacy criteria are insufﬁcient in this quickly changing environment. In this paper, we develop a new behavior based test suite adequacy criterion that adapts to user interactions with an application in the wild. We evaluate the time and space overhead of they system and perform an empirical study analyzing existing Android test suites according to our behavior driven criterion. Our analysis reveals that the two test suites focused testing on infrequently used contexts, achieving behavioral adequacy scores from 12 to 33 percent less than the probabilistic calling context coverage. This shows the potential for substantial improvement in the development of test suites for mobile applications.
A Study of the Thermal Neutron Effects on the Optical Properties of CR-39 Solid State Nuclear Track Detector

This research involves studying the effect of thermal neutron on the optical properties of nuclear track detector (CR-39) exposed to radiation at different time ranges from (1 to 15) day at room temperature. The photo absorption was measured using a spectrometer (UV-1100). The results show that the coefficient of absorption increases by increasing time of neutron flux exposure. It was found that the energy gap values decrease with the increase of exposure radiation time, the results also show that the value of energy gap at direct effect (before and after) radiation is more than its value in the indirect effect, also the numbers of carbon atoms in a cluster were determined from UV-visible spectra of the thermal neutron irradiated samples.
The role of WT1 in breast cancer: clinical implications, biological effects and molecular mechanism

Although Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) was first cloned and identified as a tumor suppressor gene in nephroblastoma, subsequent studies have demonstrated that it can also play an oncogenic role in leukemia and various solid tumors. WT1 exerts biological functions with high tissue- and cell-specificity. This article reviews the relationship between WT1 and breast cancer from two aspects: (1) clinical application of WT1, including the relationship between expression of WT1 and prognosis of breast cancer patients, and its effectiveness as a target for comprehensive therapy of breast cancer; (2) the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of WT1 in the development and progression of breast cancer, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
University of Groningen Neural changes following a body-oriented resilience therapy with elements of kickboxing for individuals with a psychotic disorder

Individuals with a psychotic disorder are at an increased risk of becoming the victim of a crime. A body-oriented resilience therapy (BEATVIC) aimed at preventing victimization by addressing putatively underlying factors was developed. One of these factors is social cognition, particularly facial affect processing. The current study investigated neural effects of BEATVIC on facial affect processing using two face processing tasks. Participants were randomized to either BEATVIC or a ‘Befriending’ control group. Twenty-seven patients completed an Emotional Faces task and the Wall of Faces task during fMRI, preand post-intervention. General linear model analyses yielded no differences between groups over time. Independent component analyses revealed increased activation of the salience network to angry and fearful faces in BEATVIC compared to Befriending. Increased activation of the salience network may suggest an increased alertness for potentially dangerous faces.
The Expectation Formation Process along the Business Cycle: More Information or Better Information ?

Recent studies have shown that information rigidities decrease during recessions. Using a Sticky and Noisy Information model, this paper proposes novel explanations of how expectations are affected by economic shocks. The expectation formation process (EFP) is decomposed into an extensive margin – i.e. the choice to acquire new information – and an intensive margin – i.e. the information processing intensity (as in Sims [2003]). Using surveys on professional forecasters, the paper demonstrates that only the extensive margin is related to economic fluctuations. Then, a realistic EFP is introduced in an otherwise standard Permanent Income Model. The statedependence of expectations makes the resolution particularly original and results in large deviations from mainstream models of rational inattention both in terms of consumption dynamics and savings behavior.
An improved depth‐averaged nonhydrostatic shallow water model with quadratic pressure approximation

Phase‐resolved information is necessary for many coastal wave problems, for example, for the wave conditions in the vicinity of harbor structures. Two‐dimensional (2D) depth‐averaging shallow water models are commonly used to obtain a phase‐resolved solution near the coast. These models are in general more computationally effective compared with computational fluid dynamics software and will be even more capable if equipped with a parallelized code. In the current article, a 2D wave model solving the depth‐averaged continuity equation and the Euler equations is implemented in the open‐source hydrodynamic code REEF3D. The model is based on a nonhydrostatic extension and a quadratic vertical pressure profile assumption, which provides a better approximation of the frequency dispersion. It is the first model of its kind to employ high‐order discretization schemes and to be fully parallelized following the domain decomposition strategy. Wave generation and absorption are achieved with a relaxation method. The simulations of nonlinear long wave propagations and transformations over nonconstant bathymetries are presented. The results are compared with benchmark wave propagation cases. A large‐scale wave propagation simulation over realistic irregular topography is shown to demonstrate the model's capability of solving operational large‐scale problems.
Dysgerminoma with pregnancy and viable baby: A case report

Dysgerminomas are the most common of primitive germ cell tumors of the ovary, accounting for 1-5% of all ovarian malignancies. The reproductive age group females are most commonly affected, thereby causing problems in conception and if pregnancy occurs, it leads to feto-maternal compromise. It is extremely rare to have a successful natural pregnancy, with viable child birth with a coexisting dysgerminoma, without any assisted reproductive interventions. We hereby report a case of successful spontaneous natural pregnancy in a G3P2L1D1, associated with dysgerminoma, with no fetomaternal compromise. *Address for Correspondence: Dr. Tondage Ganesh, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S.R. T.R. G.M. C. , Ambajogai, Beed, Maharashtra, INDIA. Email: kharane.priyanka@gmail.com Received Date: 08/10/2019 Revised Date: 20/11/2019 Accepted Date: 26/12/2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26611/1012131
The Study of Oral Health Status and Its Related Quality of Life in Elderly People Supported by Welfare Organization in Ardabil City

Background & aim: Considering the increasing trend of elderly population in recent years and the fact that oral health is an integral part of general health, this study aimed to assess the oral health status and its related quality of life among elderly people living in hospices under support of Ardabil’s welfare organization. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 144 elderly people over 60 years old, living in hospices, were included in the study. A questionnaire was used for data collection with three parts: Demographic form, World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Assessment Form, and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14Per). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one sample T-test, ANOVA and linear regression in SPSS version 24. Results: The results of one-sample T-test showed that the elderly in Ardabil have an inappropriate status in all aspects of oral health-related quality of life (p<0.05). In addition, regression analysis found a significant relationship between oral health status and oral healthrelated quality of life in elderly people (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the elderly people living in hospices under the supervision of Ardabil’s welfare organization are in a poor status regarding oral health and oral health-related quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary for healthcare providers to pay more attention to this group regarding their oral health and quality of life.