Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of changes in literary writing style using N-grams as style markers and supervised machine learning

The analysis of an author’s writing style implies the characterization and identification of the style in terms of a set of features commonly called linguistic features. The analysis can be extrinsic, where the style of an author can be compared with other authors, or intrinsic, where the style of an author is identified through different stages of his life. Intrinsic analysis has been used, for example, to detect mental illness and the effects of aging. A key element of the analysis is the style markers used to model the author’s writing patterns. The style markers should handle diachronic changes and be thematic independent. One of the most commonly used style marker in extrinsic style analysis is n-gram. In this paper, we present the evaluation of traditional n-grams (words and characters) and dependency tree syntactic n-grams to solve the task of detecting changes in writing style over time. Our corpus consisted of novels by eleven English-speaking authors. The novels of each author were organized chronologically from the oldest to the most recent work according to the date of publication. Subsequently, two stages were defined: initial and final. In each stage three novels were assigned, novels of the initial stage corresponded to the oldest and those at the final stage to the most recent novels. To analyze changes in the writing style, novels were characterized by using four types of n-grams: characters, words, Part-Of-Speech (POS) tags and syntactic relations n-grams. Experiments were performed with a Logistic Regression classifier. Dimension reduction techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) algorithms were evaluated. The results obtained with the different n-grams indicated that all authors presented significant changes in writing style over time. In addition, representations using n-grams of syntactic relations have achieved competitive results among different authors.
Linguistic predictors from Facebook postings of substance use disorder treatment retention versus discontinuation

ABSTRACT Background: Early indicators of who will remain in – or leave – treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) can drive targeted interventions to support long-term recovery. Objectives: To conduct a comprehensive study of linguistic markers of SUD treatment outcomes, the current study integrated features produced by machine learning models known to have social-psychology relevance. Methods: We extracted and analyzed linguistic features from participants’ Facebook posts (N = 206, 39.32% female; 55,415 postings) over the two years before they entered a SUD treatment program. Exploratory features produced by both Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and the features from theoretical domains of religiosity, affect, and temporal orientation via established AI-based linguistic models were utilized. Results: Patients who stayed in the SUD treatment for over 90 days used more words associated with religion, positive emotions, family, affiliations, and the present, and used more first-person singular pronouns (Cohen’s d values: [−0.39, −0.57]). Patients who discontinued their treatment before 90 days discussed more diverse topics, focused on the past, and used more articles (Cohen’s d values: [0.44, 0.57]). All ps < . 05 with Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate correction. Conclusions: We confirmed the literature on protective and risk social-psychological factors linking to SUD treatment in language analysis, showing that Facebook language before treatment entry could be used to identify the markers of SUD treatment outcomes. This reflects the importance of taking these linguistic features and markers into consideration when designing and recommending SUD treatment plans.
Electro‐ and echocardiographic features of left ventricle hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG), next to medical history and physical examination, is a basic screening tool for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in General practice. There are many electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy, but their accuracy is usually weak in patients with systemic hypertension or aortic stenosis. Sensitivity of these criteria in patients with HCM has not been well described.
The process of identity change following ABI from the perspectives of adolescents and their mothers: A relational grounded theory approach

ABSTRACT This study explored the process of identity adjustment following adolescent brain injury, within the systemic context of the parent–adolescent dyad. Six young people with an ABI (mean age 16.5 years, range 15–18 years; TBI: n = 3) were individually interviewed, and six respective mothers (mean age 45 years, range 37–50 years). A novel relational qualitative grounded theory approach was used, with analyses of dyads linked in an attempt to capture the shared process of adaptation post-injury for young people and their parents. Shared themes emerged for adolescents and mothers regarding “continuity and change” and “acknowledging or rejecting” experiences of change post injury. Adolescents experienced change as an, at times, distressing sense of being “not normal”. While mothers turned towards their child, working hard to try to “fix everything”, adolescents sought continuity of identity in the context of peer relationships, withdrawing socially to avoid feeling abnormal, reframing or finding new relationships. Some mothers sought to fill social losses through family or disability-specific activity. This study provides a relational understanding of the process of identity adjustment post adolescent BI. Future research and clinical practice should recognize the significant work of mothers, and significance of social relationships to adolescents’ emerging post-injury identity.
Superimposing neuromuscular electrical stimulation onto voluntary contractions to improve muscle strength and mass: A systematic review

ABSTRACT Training and rehabilitation programmes involving neuromuscular electrical stimulation superimposed onto voluntary contractions (NMES+) have gained popularity in the last decades. Yet, there is no clear consensus on the effectiveness of such intervention. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to NMES+ on muscle strength and mass compared to conventional volitional training or passive electrical stimulation alone. Two authors conducted an electronic search to identify randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of NMES+ training, involved healthy participants or orthopaedic patients, detailed a well-defined NMES training protocol, and provided outcomes related to muscle strength and/or mass. The authors extracted data on participants, intervention characteristics, muscle-related outcomes, and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. A total of twenty-four studies were included in the review. The majority of these reported an increase in muscle strength following NMES+ training compared to an equivalent voluntary or passive NMES training. The highest improvements were found when NMES was superimposed on sub-maximal exercises involving both concentric and eccentric contractions. Two studies reported an increase in muscle mass after NMES+, while two other studies exhibited no differences. This review indicated that chronic exposure to NMES+ determines muscle strength improvements greater or equal compared to volitional training alone. However, differences in the methodological characteristics of the stimulation and the type of exercise associated with NMES+ revealed significant discrepancies in the results. A deeper understanding of the neurophysiological adaptations to NMES+ is crucial to fully explain the muscle-related enhancement resulting from such intervention. Highlights NMES+ consists of simultaneously applying neuromuscular electrical stimulation while voluntarily contracting the stimulated muscle. Although a growing number of studies have suggested that intervention based on NMES+ have a strong potential in enhancing as well as preserving muscle function, there is still no clear consensus on the effectiveness of such technique. This review revealed that training based on NMES+ can induce a significant improvement of muscle strength in both healthy and orthopaedic individuals.
Effects of short daylight and mild low temperature on mitochondrial degeneration in the testis of Cricetulus barabensis

In this study, we investigated the mitochondrial energy supply capacity and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, mitochondrial fission, and mitophagy in regulating mitochondrial degeneration in testis of striped dwarf hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) under mild low temperature (15°C) and short daylight (10 h:14 h) conditions. Results showed that under moderate daylight and mild low temperature (ML), short daylight and moderate temperature (SM), short daylight and mild low temperature (SL) conditions, the mitochondria were swollen and cristae were disrupted. Compared with the moderate daylight & moderate temperature group (MM; 12 h:12 h, 22°C), the number of mitochondria was significantly decreased in the SM and SL groups. Both short daylight and mild low temperature reduced the protein expression of citrate synthase, thus the energy supply capacity of mitochondria may be weakened. Compared with the MM group, bax/bcl2 protein expression was higher in three treatment groups, and caspase3 activity increased in SM and SL groups, suggesting that short daylight can induce apoptosis. DRP1 protein expression showed no difference in four groups, while the FIS1 protein expression was significantly decreased in three treatment groups, this indicates that short daylight and mild low temperature can increase mitochondrial fission level. PINK1 protein expression was significantly increased in ML and SL groups, indicates that mild low temperature will lead to increased mitophagy level. Generally, short daylight induced degeneration of mitochondria in the testis of hamsters mainly by increasing apoptosis, while under mild low temperature, balanced regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial fission appear to contribute to the protection of mitochondria.
Which interventions may improve bracing compliance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis

This review aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of interventions in improving bracing compliance among adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. Eight databases were searched from their inception to April 2022. The eligibility criteria included controlled studies that used any type of intervention to enhance bracing compliance in braced AIS patients. Two researchers independently screened articles and extracted data based on the PICO (participant, intervention, comparator, and outcome) framework. Quality appraisal of included studies was performed using GRADE (overall assessment), and the risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane RoB Tool 2 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and ROBINS-I for non-RCT studies. The primary outcome was bracing compliance and secondary outcomes included Cobb Angle and measurements for quality of life. Six eligible studies involving 523 participants were included. All studies were evaluated as low or very low quality with a high risk of bias. Four types of interventions were identified, including sensor monitoring (n = 2, RCTs), auto-adjusted brace (n = 1, RCT), more intensive or collaborated medical care (n = 2), and psychosocial intervention (n = 1). A meta-analysis of 215 patients from the three RCTs suggested that the compliance-enhancing intervention group had 2.92 more bracing hours per day than the usual care control (95%CI [1.12, 4.72], P = 0.001). In subgroup analysis, sensor monitoring significantly improved bracing wearing quantity compared to usual care (3.47 hours/day, 95%CI [1.48, 5.47], P = 0.001), while other aforementioned interventions did not show a significant superiority. Compliance-enhancing interventions may be favorable in preventing curve progression and promoting quality of life, but the improvements cannot be clarified according to limited evidence. In conclusion, although the results of this study suggested that sensor monitoring may be the most promising approach, limited high-quality evidence precludes reliable conclusions. Future well-designed RCTs are required to confirm the actual benefit of compliance-improving interventions in clinical practice.
The impacts of seasonal variation and climate on food utilization in a population of critically endangered cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) in Colombia: A 22‐year longitudinal study

To examine how precipitation patterns and climate change impact feeding choices made by a population of critically endangered cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), we examined 22 years of feeding data (1999–2020) from 21 groups collected at Parque Natural Regional Bosque Seco El Ceibal Mono Tití in Santa Catalina, Colombia. We describe the diet and examine the role of seasonal rainfall and annual variation in rainfall on diet. Rainfall is highly seasonal (mean annual rainfall 1562 mm [range 940–2680 mm]) with a dry, early rainy, and late rainy season in each year. Over 80 species of plants formed part of the fruit, nectar, and exudate components of the diet. Fruits, although available year‐round, were more commonly available and consumed during the late rainy seasons (August–November). Exudates were consumed more frequently in the dry season (December–March) and invertebrate consumption was stable across the year. Nectar feeding from a single species (Combretum fruticosum) peaked in November. Rainfall varied over the years, with 13 years exceeding the 99% confidence intervals for mean rainfall. Ten of these extreme years (both drought and extremely wet) occurred in the last 11 years. Fruit consumption did not vary between extreme and average years, but cotton‐top tamarins consumed more invertebrates and exudates in wet years. Presently, cotton‐top tamarins appear to be able to cope with these extreme variations in rainfall due to their highly varied diet. However, the forests that these primates depend upon for survival are threatened by human exploitation making it critically important to maintain a generalist feeding strategy for survival as many fruiting trees that compose a large proportion of the diet are removed. As conservation efforts continue, plant species consumed by cotton‐top tamarins provide useful data when selecting species for habitat restoration programs.
A meta‐review of the impact of compression therapy on venous leg ulcer healing

This meta‐review aimed to appraise and synthesise findings from existing systematic reviews that measured the impact of compression therapy on venous leg ulcers healing. We searched five databases to identify potential papers; three authors extracted data, and a fourth author adjudicated the findings. The AMSTAR‐2 tool was used for quality appraisal and the certainty of the evidence was appraised using GRADEpro. Data analysis was undertaken using RevMan. We identified 12 systematic reviews published between 1997 and 2021. AMSTAR‐2 assessment identified three as high quality, five as moderate quality, and four as low quality. Seven comparisons were reported, with a meta‐analysis undertaken for five of these comparisons: compression vs no compression (risk ratio [RR]: 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34‐1.78; P < .00001; moderate‐certainty evidence); elastic compression vs inelastic compression (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.96‐1.08; P < .61 moderate‐certainty evidence); four layer vs
An ErbB4-Positive Neuronal Network in the Olfactory Bulb for Olfaction

Olfactory information is relayed and processed in the olfactory bulb (OB). Mitral cells, the principal output excitatory neurons of the OB, are controlled by multiple types of interneurons. However, mechanisms that regulate the activity of OB interneurons are not well understood. We provide evidence that the transmembrane tyrosine kinase ErbB4 is selectively expressed in subsets of OB inhibitory neurons in both male and female mice. ErbB4-positive (ErbB4+) neurons are mainly located in the glomerular layer (GL) and granule cell layer (GCL) and do not express previously defined markers. Optogenetic activation of GL-ErbB4+ neurons promotes theta oscillation, whereas activation of those in the GCL generates γ oscillations. Stimulation of OB slices with NRG1, a ligand that activates ErbB4, increases GABA transmission onto mitral cells, suggesting a role of OB NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in olfaction. In accord, ErbB4 mutant mice or acute inhibition of ErbB4 by a chemical genetic approach diminishes GABA transmission, reduces bulbar local field potential power, increases the threshold of olfactory sensitivity, and impairs odor discrimination. Together, these results identified a bulbar inhibitory network of ErbB4+ neurons for olfaction. Considering that both Nrg1 and Erbb4 are susceptibility genes for neuropsychiatric disorders, our study provides insight into pathologic mechanisms of olfactory malfunctions in these disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study demonstrates that ErbB4+ neurons are a new subset of olfactory bulb inhibitory neurons in the glomerular layer and granule cell layer that innervate mitral cells and ErbB4– cells. They regulate olfaction by controlling local synchrony and distinct oscillations. ErbB4 inhibition diminishes GABA transmission, reduces bulbar local field potential power, increases the threshold of olfactory sensitivity, and impairs odor discrimination. Our results provide insight into pathophysiological mechanism of olfaction deficits in brain disorders associated with Nrg1 or Erbb4 mutations.
Genetic diversity and population structure of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millspaugh) landraces grown in Benin revealed by Genotyping-By-Sequencing

Genetic diversity studies provide important details on target trait availability and its variability, for the success of breeding programs. In this study, GBS approach was used to reveal a new structuration of genetic diversity and population structure of pigeonpea in Benin. We used a total of 688 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphism markers for a total of 44 pigeonpea genotypes. The distribution of SNP markers on the 11 chromosomes ranged from 14 on chromosome 5 to 133 on chromosome 2. The Polymorphism Information Content and gene diversity values were 0.30 and 0.34 respectively. The analysis of population structure revealed four clear subpopulations. The Weighted Neighbor Joining tree agreed with structure analyses by grouping the 44 genotypes into four clusters. The PCoA revealed that genotypes from subpopulations 1, 2 and 3 intermixed among themselves. The Analysis of Molecular Variance showed 7% of the total variation among genotypes while the rest of variation (93%) was within genotypes from subpopulations indicating a high gene exchange (Nm = 7.13) and low genetic differentiation (PhiPT = 0.07) between subpopulations. Subpopulation 2 presented the highest mean values of number of different alleles (Na = 1.57), number of loci with private alleles (Pa = 0.11) and the percentage of polymorphic loci (P = 57.12%). We discuss our findings and demonstrate how the genetic diversity and the population structure of this specie can be used through the Genome Wide Association Studies and Marker-Assisted Selection to enhance genetic gain in pigeonpea breeding programs in Benin.
A critical analysis of Lin et al.'s (2021) failure to observe forward entrainment in pitch discrimination

Forward entrainment refers to that part of the entrainment process that outlasts the entraining stimulus. Several studies have demonstrated psychophysical forward entrainment in a pitch‐discrimination task. In a recent paper, Lin et al. (2021) challenged these findings by demonstrating that a sequence of 4 entraining pure tones does not affect the ability to determine whether a frequency modulated pulse, presented after termination of the entraining sequence, has swept up or down in frequency. They concluded that rhythmic sequences do not facilitate pitch discrimination. Here, we describe several methodological and stimulus design flaws in Lin et al.'s study that may explain their failure to observe forward entrainment in pitch discrimination.
Multiple mechanisms underlie reduced potassium conductance in the p.T1019PfsX38 variant of hERG

Long QT syndrome type II (LQT2) is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the hERG K+ channel, leading to increased incidence of cardiac arrest and sudden death. Many genetic variants have been reported in the hERG gene with various consequences on channel expression, permeation, and gating. Only a small number of LQT2 causing variants has been characterized to define the underlying pathophysiological causes of the disease. We sought to determine the characteristics of the frameshift variant p.Thr1019ProfsX38 (T1019PfsX38) which affects the C‐terminus of the protein. This mutation was identified in an extended Omani family of LQT2. It replaces the last 140 amino acids of hERG with 37 unique amino acids. T1019 is positioned at a distinguished region of the C‐terminal tail of hERG, as predicted from the deep learning system AlphaFold v2.0. We employed the whole‐cell configuration of the patch‐clamp technique to study wild‐type and mutant channels that were transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Depolarizing voltages elicited slowly deactivating tail currents that appeared upon repolarization of cells that express either wild‐type‐ or T1019PfsX38‐hERG. There were no differences in the voltage and time dependencies of activation between the two variants. However, the rates of hERG channel deactivation at hyperpolarizing potentials were accelerated by T1019PfsX38. In addition, the voltage dependence of inactivation of T1019PfsX38‐hERG was shifted by 20 mV in the negative direction when compared with wild‐type hERG. The rates of channel inactivation were increased in the mutant channel variant. Next, we employed a step‐ramp protocol to mimic membrane repolarization by the cardiac action potential. The amplitudes of outward currents and their integrals were reduced in the mutant variant when compared with the wild‐type variant during repolarization. Thus, changes in the gating dynamics of hERG by the T1019PfsX38 variant contribute to the pathology seen in affected LQT2 patients.