Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Variability of Velocity Estimates Using Eikonal Tomography on the Long Beach Data Set

One approach to describe the properties of a complex earth system is to use stochastic methods to characterize statistical variability of seismic velocity (Mai and Beroza (2002)). A stochastic modeling approach requires input in the distributions of the model parameters of interest. A spatial field of distributions for each model point describes the spatial variation of velocity. In this work, we use cross-correlations from a Long Beach region data set of ambient seismic noise recordings to perform eikonal tomography for phase velocity. We use Delaunay triangles as our basis for discretizing the model and represent the velocity model as a distribution for each triangle. We take advantage of the fact that our data provides extensive numbers of correlations for each receiver to build histogram distributions of phase velocity for each triangle. These distributions can be integrated with other models to help make inferences about the nature of the geology and tectonics of the region. Besides forming an input to stochastic modeling, these distributions can be used to generate maps of average velocity. Our map of average velocities clearly shows fault lines that are known to traverse the survey.
A Comprehensive study of the Relationship between Lung Cancer and Radon Concentration in Babylon Governorate-Iraq

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that results from the decay of uranium in soil and rocks. Lung cancer is the principal health concern associated with radon exposure. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in this country, and is the leading cause among non-smokers. In current research, the number infections at lung cancer and the radon concentration in Babylon governorate are studied. Number of cancer cases by lung cancer in 2005 are 23 where in 2009; these infections are 77 that percentage up about four times between these periods.
Liquefaction Mitigation of Silty Sands in Utah Using Stone Columns with Wick Drains

This paper presents a case history in which pre-fabricated vertical (wick) drains were used in connection with stone column treatment for a 4 m thick layer of liquefiable silty and to sandy silt. Despite the high fines content, which ranged from 31 to 88%, the average (N 1 ) 60-cs increased from an average of 17 before treatment to 33 after treatment, an increase of 94%. This increased penetration resistance is similar to that observed at the Salmon Lake Dam where similar soils were encountered and wick drains were also used. The stone column treatment in the silty sand/sandy silt layer with a replacement ratio of 27% was about as effective as stone column treatment in cleaner sand (less than 15% fines) with a replacement ratio between 10 and 15%.
Nutritional Value of Farmed and Wild Quail Meats

The aim of this study was to determine the proximate chemical composition, mineral content, amino acid composition and fatty acids profile in the breast meat of farmed young (6weeks) and spent (8months) Japanese quails as well as wild quail to compare the nutritional value of the meat. The results indicated an increment in protein, fat and caloric value by increasing the age of farmed birds. The wild quails meat was higher in protein, Fe, Zn levels compared to the farmed quail meats. The essential amino acids content recorded 37.09,36.05and39. 30 g/100g protein for young, spent and wild quail breast meat; respectively. The predominant fatty acids in farmed Japanese quail meat were oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic whereas, it were oleic, vaccinic, palmitic and stearic in wild quail meat. Oleic acid, constituted more than one-third of fatty acids content of breast meat of all studied quail meat types. Quail meat should be taken into consideration due to the high oleic acid content which, associated with lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore current research evidence in order to understand whether and how gender influences the coach-athlete relationship. This relationship is an integral part of any athlete or coaches’ professional life. However, considering the perceived importance of it, the field still remains under researched and the influences on this relationship require greater examination. Coach-athlete exchanges are shaped by assumptions and ideas about coaching and teaching relationships. Interactions are complex because sport makes a number of (at times competing) demands on participants. Varying individual characteristics increase this complexity. Yet within this multifaceted context, gender relations appear constant and problematic, particularly with respect to coaching. Evidence suggests that while male and female athletes share many similarities in what they want and prefer in terms of their coaching needs and expectations, there are specific nuances and differences that must be understood in order to facilitate an effective relationship. Furthermore, the evidence also suggests that male coaches, unwittingly, play a role in the perpetuation of the stereotype of women as the less able, less competitive and frailer athlete. These findings evidence the need to include a greater focus on gender-responsive coaching. The paper also highlights different coaching styles that may facilitate working with male and female athletes and emphasises the need for coaches to become relational experts in order to empower their athletes.
The Economic Stimulus Payments of 2008 and the Aggregate Demand for Consumption

Using a survey of households in the Nielsen Consumer Panel and the randomized timing of disbursement of the 2008 Economic Stimulus Payments, we find that a household's spending rose by ten percent the week it received a Payment and remained high cumulating to 1.5-3.8 percent of spending over three months. Our estimates imply partial-equilibrium increases in aggregate demand of 1.3 percent of consumption in the second quarter of 2008 and 0.6 percent in the third. Spending is concentrated among households with low wealth or low past income; a household's spending did not increase significantly when it learned about its Payment.
CO 2, GLOBAL WARMING AND CORAL REEFS: PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE

ne of the long-recognized potential consequences of the ongoing rise in the air's CO 2 content is CO 2-induced global warming, which has been predicted to pose a number of problems for both natural and managed ecosystems in the years ahead. Of newer concern, in this regard, are the effects that the ongoing rise in the air's CO 2 content may have on coral reefs. It has been suggested, for example, that CO 2-induced global warming will do great damage to corals by magnifying the intensity, frequency, and duration of a number of environmental stresses to which they are exposed. The predicted consequences of such phenomena include ever more cases of coral disease, bleaching, and death.
Environmental Performance Index

Yale’s Environmental Performance Index (EPI) has emerged as the premier framework of national-scale metrics for global environmental policy analysis. Data and indicators from 180 countries gauge progress on 20+ environmental public health and ecosystem vitality goals. The framework offers a policy-relevant scorecard that highlights leaders and laggards in environmental performance, gives insight on best practices, and provides guidance for countries that aspire to be leaders in sustainability. The Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy (YCELP) is looking for research assistants to contribute to the 2018 release of the next EPI report. For more information, visit epi.yale. edu.
The Central Pacific El Niño and its impact on weather and forest fire patterns in western North America

The El Niño/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to influence the weather in western North America through teleconnections. Several studies have established a relationship between ENSO and forest fire occurrence. However, a recently discovered variant of ENSO, called Central Pacific El Niño, may cause a different teleconnection and forest fire pattern. Investigating and classifying past El Niño events and their possible influence on weather and forest fire patterns in western North America from 1981-2010 was the objective of this study. The analysis revealed that current El Niño classification methods are suboptimal and that a binary distinction leads to misclassification of events. It, however, confirms that the two types show a different warming pattern as well as different wind and precipitation patterns. These characteristics of the Central Pacific El Niño can cause different extra tropical teleconnections in western North America than the canonical El Niño. Variation of teleconnections within the events and the limited amount of events, however, complicate a clear conclusion. Further, other oscillations such as the Arctic Oscillation play a major role in impacting the climate in western North America. Exploratory analysis of natural forest fires of North America identified hot spots of annual area burned in central Alaska, north-west and central Canada and western United States. Further, singular value decomposition and spatial correlation analysis revealed a different teleconnection response in summer drought patterns over western North America related to the two types of El Niño. The drought pattern is significantly related with forest fire frequency and area burned in certain regions across western North America. A clear connection between the different El Niño types and the forest fire pattern however remains inconclusive.
2. QUANTITATIVE CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF UPPER OLIGOCENE TO MIDDLE MIOCENE SEDIMENT FROM ODP HOLE 667 A AND MIDDLE MIOCENE SEDIMENT FROM DSDP SITE 574 1

Detailed quantitative analyses of selected calcareous nannofossil species were used to determine the placement of zonal boundaries. In Hole 667A in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Zones CP19 through CN5 were recognized, whereas at Site 574 in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, only the CN4/CN5 boundary could be determined. Boundaries were identified by sharp rises and declines in abundance at the beginnings and ends, respectively, of index fossil ranges. The sharp rise in abundance at the beginning of the range of Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus provided a good datum level in both regions; the same is true for the sharp decline in abundance at the end of the range of Cyclicargolithus floridanus. The last occurrence of Helicosphaera ampliaperta was used to mark the CN3/CN4 boundary in Hole 667A, while at Site 574, H. ampliaperta was absent. The abundance pattern of Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus obtained from Hole 667A makes it impossible to observe a distinct disappearance level. Age/depth plots reveal uniform sedimentation rates at both sites during early Miocene times. At Site 667 in the Atlantic the mean sedimentation rate was 14.90 m/m.y. , and at Site 574 in the Pacific it was 16.17 m/m.y. during this same period. One new nannofossil species, Triquetrorhabdulus rioensis, is described; and one species, Triquetrorhabdulus serratus, is recombined.
Stratigraphic relations of the Navajo Sandstone to Middle Jurassic formations, southern Utah and northern Arizona

Introduction and acknowledgments Glen Canyon Group. Navajo Sandstone . San Rafael Group. Temple Cap Sandstone. Sinawava Member. White Throne Member. Carmel Formation . Limestone member . Judd Hollow Tongue. Banded member . Gypsiferous member. Winsor Member . Bl 2 4 4 6 6 8 9 10 11 11 13 14 14 Page San Rafael Group Continued Carmel Formation Continued Upper member . B17
The Middle Pleistocene glacial evolution of northern East Anglia, UK: a dynamic tectonostratigraphic–parasequence approach

The Middle Pleistocene glacial history of northern East Anglia is a controversial topic with differing opinions surrounding chronology, provenance and the relative stratigraphic framework. Reconciling the stratigraphic framework of the region is an essential first step to developing onshore–offshore geological models and a robust event‐driven chronological framework. Within this study a dynamic tectonostratigraphic–parasequence methodology is applied to deposits traditionally attributed to the Anglian Glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 12). This approach offers an insight into ice‐bed coupling during glaciation and how evolving boundary conditions influenced glacier dynamics. Six major tectonostratigraphic–parasequence assemblages (A1–A6) are recognized in northern East Anglia and correlate with successive advances into the region of North Sea or Pennine lobes of the British Ice Sheet. Individual tectonostratigraphic–parasequence assemblages are bound at their base by a sedimentary contact or, more commonly, a glacitectonic zone. The geometry and structural characteristics of these glacitectonic zones reflect temporal and spatial variations in ice‐bed coupling (traction), a function of substrate rheology and, in turn, variations in lithology, porewater availability and thermo‐mechanical properties. The role of permafrost may also be significant, promoting proglacial/ice‐marginal thrust stacking in front of advancing ice and enhanced ice‐bed decoupling during subsequent overriding and subglacial till accretion. © 2016 British Geological Survey, NERC Journal of Quaternary Science © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Structural Evolution of Sanandaj-Sirjan Ranges Near Esfahan, Iran

The Sanandaj-Sirjan Ranges constitute the southwestern border of the Central Iranian Plateau and lie between the Main Zagros fault and Zagros Mountains on the southwest and the Urmia-Dokhtar volcanic belt on the northeast. The ranges occupy a northwest-trending belt in which the Zagros structural grain is overprinted on the typical central Iran structural and stratigraphic framework. Detailed investigation of the tectonic evolution of part of the belt revealed four major northwest-striking, high-angle, crustal fault zones in which most deformation was concentrated throughout Cenozoic convergence. Main mechanisms of crustal shortening on these faults were high-angle reverse faulting and dextral translation. Upper Cretaceous northeast-southwest convergence resulted in interblock underthrusting of the Persian plate along these major faults within or bordering the Sanandaj-Sirjan Ranges and the formation of intrablock folds and thrusts. Continued convergence during the Tertiary resulted in the episodic subsidence of elongate northwest-oriented troughs southwest of the high-angle reverse faults and the parallel uplift of the adjacent blocks on the northeast side of the faults. The depressions served as the spatially restricted depocenters for the Eocene, Miocene, and Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments. Pre-Miocene, northwest-striking normal faults on the northeastern flank of one of the uplifted blocks are thought to have resulted from post-Paleocene uplift due to intrablock arching. Post-Miocene northeast-striking normal faults are structurally, spatially, and temporally related to at least one of the northwest-trending depressions (e.g., the Gavkhuni depression) and appear to be important in its formation and evolution. Continued compression has resulted in the pervasive development of near-vertical fractures in Pliocene-Pleistocene cemented gravels. These fractures indicate Holocene reactivation of the northwest and northeast fault zones, as do focal-mechanism solutions of shallow seismic events. Right-lateral strike-slip faulting on large northwest faults was previously thought to be entirely post-Miocene. However, the presence of older, second-order structures on interblock dextral faults and of older intrablock strike-slip faults suggests that this style of crustal shortening was also active in the early Tertiary.
Where does the savannah fauna of the Batéké Plateau come from

In 2007 we published the first country records for Congo-Brazzaville of three bird species (King & Chamberlan 2007), all from the Lesio-Louna Reserve in the Bateke Plateau, and all from the remarkable barbet family (Capitonidae; Fig. 1). One of them, Sladen’s barbet Gymnobucco sladenii, is a forest-dependant species virtually endemic to the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo, whilst the other two are savannah species. One, the yellow-fronted tinkerbird Pogoniulus chrysoconus, probably has a continuous distribution from the nearest-known populations only 85 km to the east. However the presence of the third species, the miombo pied barbet Tricholaema frontata was particularly unexpected, as the species is almost exclusively restricted to mature miombo woodland in south-central Africa, with the nearest record 750 km south of the Lesio-Louna. The discovery of these three barbets reinforced the classification of the Bateke Plateau as part of the Guinea-Congolian/Zambezian transition zone (Fig. 2;
Xerophytic Characteristics of Tectona philippinensis Benth

Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook.f. is one of only three species in the genus Tectona (Lamiaceae) restricted to the Asian tropics. It is endemic to Ilin Island and Batangas Province on Luzon Island, Philippines and is regarded as a critically endangered species. While role of xerophytic characteristics of plants are very important for their survival and growth under various environmental pressures, such characteristics in native tree species remain unclear. In this study, the anatomy of the species was analyzed to determine the xerophytic characteristics of T. philippinensis. Histological paraffin technique was used to examine the anatomical structures of leaf and young stem of the species. The anatomical structures of T. philippinensis have the characteristics typical of xerophytic plants. This includes the presence of four types of trichomes, extended and well-developed vascular system, and multiple layers of palisade and sclerenchyma cells. Extension of extended vascular bundles to both non-glandular hairs on the adaxial surface and glandular hairs on the abaxial surface of leaf is reported for the first time in this study. Therefore, anatomical structures of this species suggest its ability to survive under marginal conditions. However, studies on ecophysiology, pot experiments/field trials, phenology, and associated vegetation of the species are suggested to further understand its habitat preference and adaptation mechanisms.
Are similar ecosystem services valued differently across different water body types: A discrete choice analysis of rivers, lakes and sea attributes?

As demands on the environment and associated ecosystem services increase, the need for a more integrated approach to managing the exploitation of these natural resources also increases. This is particularly true for the alternative types of water bodies such as a sea, river and/or a lake. The purpose of this paper is to explore the preferences of residents in the Republic of Ireland for a number of ecosystem services provided by Irish water bodies. In particular the paper examines whether, and how, preferences for the same ecosystem services differ when the public is asked to consider the alternative water body types (sea, river and lake). This is relevant as the ecosystem services’ economic benefits are not necessarily uniform across water bodies, a factor that has not been explored in detail previously.
Tidally induced turbulent mixing at Irving Seamount—Modeling and measurements

The relationship of tidal currents and turbulence over Irving Seamount is examined by model and measurement. Surface tides are partially scattered into internal tides and, particularly over the seamount summit, current strength and shear greatly increase. Current shear causes the model's turbulent mixing. At Irving, modeled turbulent mixing, as represented by vertical diffusivity, is largest O(10−3 m2 s−1) in the bottom boundary layer and in a turbulent column rising to the sea surface directly above the seamount. Pockets of less intense mixing occur within the turbulent column, but their locations are highly variable. Field measurements confirm a turbulent mixing column atop Irving of comparable intensity. Increased model diffusivity (average of 7 × 10−5 m2 s−1) also occurs to a distance of several hundred kilometers from the seamount flanks in a band vertically centered at ∼800 m depth.
Enhancing ICT for Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Thresholds for Complementary Policies

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relevance of enhancing information and communication technology (ICT) on dynamics of total factor productivity (TFP) in 25 SubSaharan African countries using data covering the period 1980-2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. The following main findings are established. First, while enhancing ICT overwhelmingly has net positive effects on productivity, the corresponding marginal effects are negative. Second, anextended analysis is performed to establish thresholds for complementary policies. These thresholds are: 100 % mobile phone penetration for TFP; between 101.214 % and 101.419 % mobile phone penetration for welfare TFP and 15 % internet penetration for welfare real TFP. It follows that approximately 100% mobile penetration and 15% internet penetration are thresholds at which ICT should be complemented with other macroeconomic policies for favorable outcomes on productivity dynamics. Other policy implications are discussed. JEL Classification: E23; F21; F30; L96; O55
Biosynthesis of Cylindrospermopsin and 7-Epicylindrospermopsin in 1 Oscillatoria PCC 6506 ; Identification of the Gene Cluster and Toxin 2 Analysis 3 4

3 Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR PECSA CNRS 7195, ESPCI 11 ParisTech,10, rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France 12 13 *Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, 14 ENSCP ChimieParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France 15 Phone: 33 1 44 27 67 01; Fax: 33 1 44 27 67 01; Email: olivier-ploux@enscp.fr 16 17 Running title: Cylindrospermopsin synthesis in Oscillatoria PCC 6506 18 19 Section: Environmental microbiology 20 21
Uncertainty and Economic Activity: Evidence from Business Survey Data ∗

This paper uses survey expectations data from both Germany and the United States to construct empirical proxies for time-varying business-level uncertainty. Access to the con-ﬁdential micro data from the German IFO Business Climate Survey permits construction of uncertainty measures based on both ex-ante disagreement and on ex-post forecast errors. Ex-ante disagreement is strongly correlated with dispersion in ex-post forecast errors, lending credence to the widespread practice of proxying for uncertainty with disagreement. Surprise movements in either measure are associated with signiﬁcant reductions in production that abate fairly quickly. We extend our analysis to US data, measuring uncertainty with forecast disagreement from the Business Outlook Survey administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. In contrast to the German case, surprise increases in forecast dispersion lead to large and persistent reductions in production and employment.