Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source Modulated Multiplexed Hyperspectral Imaging: Theory, Hardware and Application

The design, analysis and application of a multiplexing hyperspectral imager is presented. The hyperspectral imager consists of a broadband digital light projector that uses a digital micromirror array as the optical engine to project light patterns onto a sample object. A single point spectrometer measures light that is reflected from the sample. Multiplexing patterns encode the spectral response from the sample, where each spectrum taken is the sum of a set of spectral responses from a number of pixels. Decoding in software recovers the spectral response of each pixel. A technique, which we call complement encoding, is introduced for the removal of background light effects. Complement encoding requires the use of multiplexing matrices with positive and negative entries. The theory of multiplexing using the Hadamard matrices is developed. Results from prior art are incorporated into a singular notational system under which the different Hadamard matrices are compared with each other and with acquisition of data without multiplexing (pointwise acquisition). The link between Hadamard matrices with strongly regular graphs is extended to incorporate all three types of Hadamard matrices. The effect of the number of measurements used in compressed sensing on measurement precision is derived by inference using results concerning the eigenvalues of large random matrices. The literature shows that more measurements increases accuracy of reconstruction. In contrast we find that more measurement reduces precision, so there is a tradeoff between precision and accuracy. The effect of error in the reference on the Wilcoxon statistic is derived. Reference error reduces the estimate of the Wilcoxon, however given an estimate of the Wilcoxon and the proportion of error in the reference, we show that Wilcoxon without error can be estimated. Imaging of simple objects and signal to noise ratio (SNR) experiments are used to test the hyperspectral imager. The simple objects allow us to see that the imager produces sensible spectra. The experiments involve looking at the SNR itself and the SNR boost, that is ratio of the SNR from multiplexing to the SNR from pointwise acquisition. The SNR boost varies dramatically across the spectral domain from 3 to the theoretical maximum of 16. The range of boost values is due to the relative Poisson to additive noise variance changing over the spectral domain, an effect that is due to the light bulb output and detector sensitivity not being flat over the spectral domain. It is shown that the SNR
Unemployed couples: the labour market effects of making both partners search for work

Summary. The paper evaluates the effect of a recent change to unemployment benefit in the UK which requires both partners in a couple (rather than just one) to search for work. The difference‐in‐differences estimator is extended in two ways. First, variations in when the change was implemented are exploited to test and adjust for bias resulting from differential trends among the control group. Second, the approach is combined with matching to relax functional form restrictions. After several months, positive effects on exiting from benefits were detected but effects on entry to jobs were less apparent.
The influence of the Epstein-Barr virus on paraclinical indicators and cytokine levels in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis

The aim. To identify the influence of the latent form of Epstein-Barr virus infection on the clinical picture, parameters of clinical blood analysis and cytokine response of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Materials and methods. 56 children were examined. Of them, 33 children (group 1) had no background infection with herpesviruses, and 23 patients (group 2) suffered from rotavirus gastroenteritis against the background of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The patients were comparable in terms of sex, age and disease severity. Differences at p <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the latent form of EBV infection affects the clinical picture, indicators of clinical blood analysis and the reaction of serum cytokines of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Сonclusions. A comparative analysis revealed that a latent form of herpesvirus infection in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis is associated with lower temperature reaction and a lower frequency of vomiting in the acute period of the disease against the background of longer persistence of fever, diarrhoea and catarrhal syndromes. On the part of the investigated laboratory indicators, the presence of EBV infection is characterized by a lower level of haemoglobin (р = 0,013) against a higher content of neutrophils (p = 0.002), eosinophils (p = 0.033) and monocytes (p < 0.001) in the acute period of RVI, and a significantly higher content of eosinophils (p = 0.001) and monocytes (p < 0.001) against the background of a lower level of the relative content of lymphocytes compared to patients of Group 1 in the period of early convalescence. Changes in the cytokine response in children with mixed infection are characterized by a significantly lower concentration of IL-1β at the onset of RVI and a higher content of IL-4 and TNF-α throughout the disease compared to children with mono-RVI
Damage formations of ramie fiber composites multilayer armour system under high-velocity impacts

Multilayer armour system (MAS) becomes the best choice in reinforcing protection for military officers against projectile attack which has a high velocity of up to 7.62×51 mm NATO ball lead core (projectile level III NIJ standard) or AP 7.62×51 mm hard steel core (projectile level IV NIJ standard). This study aimed to analyze the damage formation of wolfram carbide (WC) ceramic and ramie fiber composites. The frontmost MAS uses WC ceramic and is enveloped by a back layer of ramie fiber composites with epoxy resin reinforcing material as the matrix. Ballistic testing was carried out in this study using a long-barreled rifle to determine the resistance of the MAS from projectile impact. The speed meter in ballistic testing uses a velocity sensor type light screen B 471 and clay witness is used to measure back face signature (BFS). The results show that 7.62 lead core and hard steel core projectiles were unable to penetrate the 3-layer ceramic MAS in the front. The results are marked by a relatively low BFS value of 1.45 and 1.17 mm, so that the energy in the MAS with 3 ceramic layer is absorbed efficiently but with the phenomenon of rupture ceramic failure. Ceramic rupture failure needs to be overcome by bonding several layers of ramie so that MAS can be used in the next stage. MAS with 1 and 2 ceramic layers are unable to withstand projectile level III and level IV NIJ standard. From these results it is known that the MAS limit can withstand the projectile level III and IV NIJ standard, namely MAS with 3 ceramic layers. The damage formation of ceramic was rupturing ceramic failure. Therefore, it is necessary to design a ceramic binder by placing some ramie fibers in front of the ceramic
Continued Fraction Analysis of the Duration of an Excursion in an M/M/∞ System

We show in this paper how the Laplace transform θ* of the duration θ of an excursion by the occupation process {Λ t } of an M/M/∞ system above a given threshold can be obtained by means of continued fraction analysis. The representation of θ* by a continued fraction is established and the [m−1/m] Padé approximants are computed by means of well known orthogonal polynomials, namely associated Charlier polynomials. It turns out that the continued fraction considered is an S fraction and as a consequence the Stieltjes transform of some spectral measure. Then, using classic asymptotic expansion properties of hypergeometric functions, the representation of the Laplace transform θ* by means of Kummer's function is obtained. This allows us to recover an earlier result obtained via complex analysis and the use of the strong Markov property satisfied by the occupation process {Λ t }. The continued fraction representation enables us to further characterize the distribution of the random variable θ.
PENALIZATION OF A STOCHASTIC VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY MODELING AN ELASTO-PLASTIC PROBLEM WITH NOISE

In a recent work of A.Bensoussan and J.Turi, it has been shown that the solution of a stochastic variational inequality modeling an elasto-plastic oscillator excited by a white noise has a unique invariant probability measure. The latter is useful for engineering in order to evaluate statistics of plastic deformations for large times of a certain type of mechanical structure. However, in terms of mathematics, not much is known about its regularity properties. From then on, an interesting mathematical question is to determine them. Therefore, in order to investigate this question, we introduce in this paper approximate solutions of the stochastic variational inequality by a penalization method. The idea is simple: the inequality is replaced by an equation with a nonlinear additional term depending on a parameter n penalizing the solution whenever it goes beyond a prespeci ed area. In this context, the dynamics is smoother. In a rst part, we show that the penalized process converges towards the original solution of the aforementioned inequality on any finite time interval as n goes to infinity. Then, in a second part, we justify that for each n it has at least one invariant probability measure. We conjecture that it is unique, but unfortunately we are not able to prove it. Finally, we provide numerical experiments in support of our conjecture. Moreover, we give an empirical convergence rate of the sequence of measures related to the penalized process.
Robertson-Walker cosmological models with perfect fluid in general relativity

Einstein's field equations with variable gravitational and cosmological constants are considered in the presence of perfect fluid for a Robertson-Walker universe by assuming the cosmological term to be proportional to R? m (R is a scale factor and m is a constant). A variety of solutions is presented. The physical significance of the cosmological models has also been discussed.
A Markovian multi-server queuing model with retention of reneged customers and balking

In today's competitive world, customer's impatience has become a serious problem. Firms are employing a number of strategies to retain their customers. Recently, Kumar and Sharma (2013) studied a finite capacity, Markovian multi-server queuing system which deals with the retention of reneged customers. The customer's impatience may occur in the form of balking also. In this paper, we extend the work of Kumar and Sharma (2013) by including balking to take into consideration the broader perspective of customer's impatience. The model is solved iteratively to obtain the steady-state probabilities of system size. Some useful performance measures are derived, and the effect of the probability of retaining the reneged customers on various performance measures is studied numerically. Finally, some important queuing models are derived as special cases of this model.
Social Factors and Social Media Usage Activities on Customer Path 5A Continuity Due to E-Marketing Communication

The customer path 5A approach proposed the customer's personalization and communication on social media marketing. The previous studies suggested the influence of customer's social factors were age, gender, income, and occupation on customer path 5A due to X's e-marketing communication. This study added social media usage activity. However, the previous study did not analyze the customer's role in path 5A phase continuity. This study examined the influence of social factors and social media usage activity on the consumer path 5A continuity due to restaurant X's e-marketing communication. The research method was quantitative, with a survey of 400 samples. The samples were taken from Instagram followers and average monthly visitors of restaurant X in 2021, or 11,400 people. The one-way ANOVA tests found that customers' social factor was significantly different in influencing customer path 5A was the occupation. The social media usage activity was another factor influencing customer path 5A was the internet spending category. The two customer factors influenced the partial customer path 5A category and did not denote the customer path 5A phase continuity as the previous study suggested. Further research is needed to explain the reason for the discontinuity between each customer Path 5A's phase.
Low-Altitude Wind Shear Detection With Doppler Radar

Abstract The feasibility of using the next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) system to detect low-altitude wind shear near airports is investigated. We compare surface-measured horizontal shear with that observed aloft with Doppler radar to determine how the radar-estimated shear above the surface relates to the surface-measured shear. For five Oklahoma gust fronts, the Doppler radar estimate of shear (at heights between 50–600 m) averaged 1.6 times the shear measured at the surface. For none of 43 comparisons was the surface radial velocity difference across the gust front stronger than the radial velocity difference measured by Doppler radar aloft When the five gust fronts passed an instrumented tower a vertical profile through the lowest 440 m of the gust front could be determined. In all cases the wind speed and wind shear increased in the lowest 90 m of the atmosphere. In one case, the 90 m height had the peak wind shear, in all other case the peak wind shear was at a much higher altitude. The Federa.
Performance analysis of modified accelerative preallocation MAC protocol for passive star-coupled WDMA networks

For the passive star-coupled wavelength-division multiple-access (WDMA) network, a modified accelerative preallocation WDMA (MAP-WDMA) media access control (MAC) protocol is proposed, which is based on AP-WDMA. To show the advantages of MAP-WDMA as an adequate MAC protocol for the network over AP-WDMA, the channel utilization, the channel-access delay, and the latency of MAP-WDMA are investigated and compared with those of AP-WDMA under various data traffic patterns, including uniform, quasi-uniform type, disconnected type, mesh type, and ring type data traffics, as well as the assumption that a given number of network stations is equal to that of channels, in other words, without channel sharing. As a result, the channel utilization of MAP-WDMA can be competitive with respect to that of AP-WDMA at the expense of insignificantly higher latency. Namely, if the number of network stations is small, MAP-WDMA provides better channel utilization for uniform, quasi-uniform-type, and disconnected-type data traffics at all data traffic loads, as well as for mesh and ring-type data traffics at low data traffic loads. Otherwise, MAP-WDMA only outperforms AP-WDMA for the first three data traffics at higher data traffic loads. In the aspect of channel-access delay, MAP-WDMA gives better performance than AP-WDMA, regardless of data traffic patterns and the number of network stations.
Correlation of age and skeletal effects after miniscrew assisted rapid palatal expansion

Background To evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects after miniscrew assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) and their correlation with the age of the patients. Settings and sample population: Sample comprised 19 patients with maxillary atresia and posterior crossbite, treated with MARPE. Cone-beam computed tomographs (CBCT) were evaluated before and after expansion. Three patients were excluded since the midpalatal suture was not opened. Thus, 16 patients (11 female; 5 male) were evaluated, with a mean age of 24.92 years (s.d.=7.60). The time between the installation of MARPE and the second CBCT was, on average, 1.64 months (s.d.=1.12). Material and Methods Linear and angular measurements were performed: bone thickness and level, tooth inclination, transverse dental widths, and nasal base and jugula widths. Comparison was performed with dependent t-test and correlations with Pearson coefficient. Results MARPE was 84.2% successful. There was significant reduction in the buccal bone thickness of the first molars and an increase in the palatal bone thickness of all teeth. First molars showed significant buccal inclination. All transverse dimensions showed a significant increase. Older patients tended to show a less maxillary transverse skeletal increase. A greater maxillary transverse increase was accompanied by a greater intermolar width increase and also a greater buccal bone loss in the mesiobuccal roots of the maxillary first molars. Conclusions MARPE corrected the maxillary atresia in adult patients, with significant transverse increases, a slight decrease in buccal bone thickness and buccal inclination of the first molars, combining skeletal and dental effects. Older patients presented less transverse skeletal increases. Key words:Palatal expansion technique, skeletal anchorage, cone-beam computed tomography.
Teaching English to Young Learners in a Pandemic: A Bangladeshi perspective

Globally the COVID-19 pandemic has altered academic practices significantly. A nationwide online education had been in effect in Bangladesh since March 2020 due to the closing down of schools for an indefinite period. While several studies have explored the effects of such a sudden shift in the learning environment for the older students, the primary level students have not received as much attention. The present study examined the changes adopted, with regard to classroom teaching and assessments, in the English language classes at the primary levels in Bangladesh. A qualitative study was conducted with a pool of teachers (n= 7), students (n= 10), and parents (n=9) who were interviewed to obtain a comprehensive view regarding the new teaching-learning scenario. The responses showed that the adjustments made to the academic practices might have been enough to stop the system from coming to a halt, but they were inadequate and ineffective in addressing the language needs in a virtual environment.
Investigating the asymmetry of English sibilant assimilation: Acoustic and EPG data

We present tongue-palate contact (EPG) and acoustic data on English sibilant assimilation, with a particular focus on the asymmetry arising from the order of the sibilants. It is generally known that /s#ʃ / sequences may display varying degrees of regressive assimilation in fluent speech, yet for / ʃ #s/ it is widely assumed that no assimilation takes place, although the empirical content of this assumption has rarely been investigated nor a clear theoretical explanation proposed. We systemat ically compare the two sibilant orders in word-boundary clusters. Our data show that /s#ʃ / sequences assimilate frequently and this assimilation is strictly regressive. The assimilated sequence may be indistinguishable from a homorganic control sequence by our measures, or it can be characterized by measurement values intermediate to those typical for / ʃ / or /s/. / ʃ #s/ sequences may also show regressive assimilation, albeit less frequently and to a lesser degree. Assimilated / ʃ #s/ sequences are always distinguishable from /s#s/ sequences. In a few cases, we identify progressive assimilation for / ʃ #s/. We discuss how to account for the differences in degree of assimilation, and we propose that the order asymmetry may arise from the different articulatory control structures employed for the two sibilants in conjunction with phonotactic probability effects.
Turbulent pair dispersion in the presence of gravity

Turbulent pair dispersion of heavy particles is strongly altered when particles of two different Stokes numbers (bidisperse) are considered, and this is further compounded when a uniform gravitational acceleration is present. Lagrangian trajectories of fluid tracers, and bidisperse heavy particles with and without gravity were calculated from a direct numerical simulation of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence. Particle pair dispersion shows a short-time, ballistic (Batchelor) regime and a transition to super-ballistic dispersion that is suggestive of the emergence of Richardson scaling. A simple equation of motion for inertial, sedimenting particles captures the essential features of the pair dispersion at very short time and length scales. Kolmogorov scaling arguments are able to qualitatively describe the competition between gravity-induced and fluid-induced relative motion in modifying the amount of time the heavy particles spend in the ballistic regime. The transition from ballistic to super-ballistic dispersion for fluid tracers and monodisperse inertial particles exhibits a pronounced sub-ballistic behavior that can be attributed to the mixed velocity–acceleration structure function. The sub-ballistic behavior is strongly suppressed for bidisperse particles, both in the presence or absence of gravity, primarily because of a reduction in the correlation between velocity and acceleration increments.
Hospitality organizational culture: Impact on employee’s job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behaviors, service recovery performance, and intention to leave

Abstract Organizational culture continues to be a decisive factor for the success of hospitality firms. Drawing from the theory of work adjustment, this study focuses on hospitality organizational culture and examines its impacts on hospitality employees’ job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behaviors, service recovery performance, and intention to leave. Using survey methodology, 210 hotel employees in Turkey provided survey data. The results demonstrated significant effects of hospitality culture on turnover, service recovery performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction as a significant mediator. The findings stress the importance of a strong hospitality culture to positively influence employees’ job attitude, and job performance.
Accelerated diffusion in the centre of a vortex

The spiral wind-up and diffusive decay of a passive scalar in circular streamlines is considered. An accelerated diffusion mechanism operates to destroy scalar fluctuations on a time scale of order P1/3 times the turn-over time, where P is a Péclet number. The mechanism relies on differential rotation, that is, a non-zero gradient of angular velocity. However if the flow is smooth, the gradient of angular velocity necessarily vanishes at the centre of the streamlines, and the time scale becomes greater. The behaviour at the centre is analysed and it is found that scalar there is only destroyed on a time scale of order P1/2. Related results are obtained for magnetic field and for weak vorticity, a scalar coupled to the stream function of the flow. Some exact solutions are presented.
Convergent ablator performance measurements

The velocity and remaining ablator mass of an imploding capsule are critical metrics for assessing the progress toward ignition of an inertially confined fusion experiment. These and other convergent ablator performance parameters have been measured using a single streaked x-ray radiograph. Traditional Abel inversion of such a radiograph is ill-posed since backlighter intensity profiles and x-ray attenuation by the ablated plasma are unknown. To address this we have developed a regularization technique which allows the ablator density profile ρ(r) and effective backlighter profile I0(y) at each time step to be uniquely determined subject to the constraints that ρ(r) is localized in radius space and I0(y) is delocalized in object space. Moments of ρ(r) then provide the time-resolved areal density, mass, and average radius (and thus velocity) of the remaining ablator material. These results are combined in the spherical rocket model to determine the ablation pressure and mass ablation rate during the implos.