Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids among Human, Dairy Species and Artificial Substitutes

The aim of the study was to compare odd and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) of milk from sheep, goat, cow, buffalo, donkey, human, and formula milk. Ruminant, monogastric, and human milks have different concentrations of these fatty acids (FA). To highlight the differences on OBCFA, a total of 282 individual milk samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. The OBCFA were found higher in ruminant than non-ruminant milks (p < 0.05). Among ruminants, sheep milk had the highest OBCFA (4.5 g/100 g of total FAME), whereases the lowest values were found in formula milk (0.18 g/100 g of total FAME). Regarding individual linear odd-chain FA (linear-OCFA), C11:0 was found higher in donkey milk than others, while sheep and buffalo milks had the greatest concentration of C15:0. Among BCFA, the iso-BCFA were higher than anteiso-BCFA in all considered milks. The isoC17:0 showed the highest concentration in all milks except for donkey and buffalo, which showed higher concentration of isoC16:0 than others. In conclusion, ruminant milks are different in terms of these FA compared to human milk and its substitutes. However, the greatest differences were found with formula milk, suggesting that this product needs the implementation of these FA to be more similar to human milk composition.
The Mechanism of Cumulative Ecological Risk Affecting College Students’ Sense of Social Responsibility: The Double Fugue Effect of Belief in a Just World and Empathy

According to bioecological theory, the development of college students’ social responsibility is affected by the cumulative effect of ecological risks. However, research on the impact of cumulative ecological risk on social responsibility and its potential mechanisms are still lacking. Carol Gilligan (1982) proposed that the ethics of care and justice are like two related but independent melodies, which together constitute the whole of moral psychology. However, despite being an important part of moral psychology, social responsibility has rarely been investigated empirically with regards to the psychological mechanisms of justice and caring orientation. Therefore, the current study had 1607 college students complete questionnaires regarding cumulative ecological risk, social responsibility, belief in a just world, and empathy, aiming to explore the impact of cumulative ecological risk on college students’ sense of social responsibility and the mediating roles of belief in a just world and empathy. Results showed that: (1) cumulative ecological risk was significantly negatively correlated with college students’ sense of social responsibility, belief in a just world, and empathy, whereas social responsibility, belief in a just world, and empathy were significantly positively correlated; (2) belief in a just world and empathy played mediating roles in the relationship between cumulative ecological risk and social responsibility. The results also showed that the development of college students’ sense of social responsibility was affected by the cumulative ecological risk from various directions; this influence was also seen to play a role in the motivation system of social responsibility through the ethics of care with empathy as the important part, as well as through the ethics of justice. The results suggest that we should reduce the ecological risks at their source, and improve and consolidate students’ social support systems; moreover, we should not only enhance college students’ sense of mission and responsibility to consciously maintain social justice order, but also adopt empathy training as a part of the curriculum to improve students’ empathy at the individual level.
RNA:RNA interaction in ternary complexes resolved by chemical probing

RNA regulation can be performed by a second targeting RNA molecule, such as in the microRNA regulation mechanism. Selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) probes the structure of RNA molecules and can resolve RNA:protein interactions, but RNA:RNA interactions have not yet been addressed with this technique. Here, we apply SHAPE to investigate RNA-mediated binding processes in RNA:RNA and RNA:RNA-RBP complexes. We use RNA:RNA binding by SHAPE (RABS) to investigate microRNA-34a (miR-34a) binding its mRNA target, the silent information regulator 1 (mSIRT1), both with and without the Argonaute protein, constituting the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We show that the seed of the mRNA target must be bound to the microRNA loaded into RISC to enable further binding of the compensatory region by RISC, while the naked miR-34a is able to bind the compensatory region without seed interaction. The method presented here provides complementary structural evidence for the commonly performed luciferase-assay-based evaluation of microRNA binding-site efficiency and specificity on the mRNA target site and could therefore be used in conjunction with it. The method can be applied to any nucleic acid-mediated RNA- or RBP-binding process, such as splicing, antisense RNA binding, or regulation by RISC, providing important insight into the targeted RNA structure.
Factors affecting performance traits in Rambouillet sheep

Present address: 1MVSc Scholar (aakriti.sudan01 @gmail.com), 2Professor (ramantaggar@gmail.com), 3,4,5Assistant Professor (dibyednu_vet40@yahoo.co.in, dr.dhirendrakumar@yahoo.com, drnishant9@gmail.com), Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry. Sheep population (65.06 million) contributes around 12.71% to the total livestock population of the country (19th Livestock Census 2012). Performance of genetically superior sheep is affected by non-genetic factors such as year/period, season, sex and lambing type etc. which subsequently influence in knowing the exact breeding values. Therefore, identification of significant non-genetic factors and their correction helps in estimation of breeding values and genetic parameters of population. Rambouillet sheep breed was intensively used for crossbreeding programme in India especially in Jammu and Kashmir for improving the productivity of native sheep. Therefore, the present investigation was planned to study the different nongenetic factors affecting performance traits in Rambouillet sheep. Performance data on 8,872 animals were collected from history sheets of Rambouillet sheep maintained at Government Sheep Breeding and Research Farm, Reasi, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Performance traits included in the study were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), nine-month body weight (9BW), twelvemonth body weight or yearling weight (YW) and average wool production (AWP). All the traits under present study were normalized. The effects of non-genetic factors such as period, season, birth type and sex on various normalized traits were analyzed by least-squares analysis using the technique developed by Harvey (1990) as follows:
A nomogram and risk classification system predicting esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection of a large area for early esophageal cancer

Esophageal stricture is a troublesome adverse effect of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early esophageal cancer. However, risk factors of post‐ESD esophageal stricture formation are incomprehensive. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of independent risk factors and provide predictive tools.
How Dynamic Managerial Capabilities, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Operational Capabilities Impact Microenterprises’ Global Performance

Microenterprises’ internal capability landscape and how it relates to the firms’ global performance (GP) is sparsely studied and understood. Discrete relationships between a capability and GP may have some empirical evidence, but how microenterprises’ capabilities quantitatively relate to each other and together to GP still had no answer. Our model investigates the impact of dynamic managerial capabilities (DMCs) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on operational capabilities (OCs), and of those on GP, moderated by competitive intensity (CI). The data were acquired in a survey by questionnaire to 402 Portuguese microenterprises and treated using covariance-based structural equation modeling. We confirm that DMCs and EO have a positive, statistically significant, and substantive impact on OCs, explaining over half its variance, where any relation to GP is fully mediated by OCs. Furthermore, we found that OCs hold a positive, statistically significant, and substantive impact on GP, explaining nearly a quarter of its variance. CI as a moderator, with a marginal effects analysis, shows limited significance in a short range of values and never any substantive significance. Our results highlight that, for a healthy microenterprise business ecosystem, a great deal of attention and capacitation must be given to microenterprises’ managers, specifically their DMCs, EO, and, eventually, OCs.
Parametric time-optimal control of linear discrete-time systems by state feedback Part 2. Irregular Kronecker invariants

In an earlier paper (Part 1), a parametric state feedback time-optimal control law was devised for the regular Kronecker invariants on the basis of parametrization of the vector companion form. The present paper describes a straight-forward technique for obtaining the parametric feedback matrix by exploiting the parametric vector companion forms in the case of irregular Kronecker invariants. Hidden properties of vector companion forms are also given which result in entirely different and interesting techniques for parametrization of the control law. An illustrative example is presented.
Stability and Approximations of Symmetric Diffusion Semigroups and Kernels

Abstract Let (Pt)t⩾0and (Pt)t⩾0be two diffusion semigroups on R d(d⩾2) associated with uniformly elliptic operatorsL=∇·(A∇) and L=∇·(A∇) with measurable coefficientsA=(aij) and A=(aij), respectively. The corresponding diffusion kernels are denoted bypt(x, y) and pt(x, y). We derive a pointwise estimate on |pt(x, y)− pt(x, y)| as well as anLp-operator norm bound, wherep∈[1, ∞], forPt−Ptin terms of the localL2-distance betweenaijandaij. This implies in particular that |pt(x, y)− pt(x, y)| converges to zero uniformly in (x, y)∈ R d× R dand that theLp-operator norm ofPt−Ptconverges to zero uniformly inp∈[1, ∈] whenaij−aijgoes to zero in the localL2-norm for each 1⩽i,j⩽n.
An Approach to Testing Reference Points

We present a general approach to experimentally testing candidate reference points. This approach builds from Prospect Theory's prediction that an increase in payo s is perfectly o set by an equivalent increase in the reference point. Violation of this prediction can be tested with modi cations to existing econometric techniques in experiments of a particular design. The resulting approach to testing theories of the reference point is minimally parametric, robust to broad classes of heterogeneity, yet still implementable in comparatively small sample sizes. We demonstrate the application of this approach in an experiment that tests the role of salience in setting reference points.
Multifunctional surfaces produced by femtosecond laser pulses

In this study, we create a multifunctional metal surface by producing a hierarchical nano/microstructure with femtosecond laser pulses. The multifunctional surface exhibits combined effects of dramatically enhanced broadband absorption, superhydrophobicity, and self-cleaning. The superhydrophobic effect is demonstrated by a falling water droplet repelled away from a structured surface with 30% of the droplet kinetic energy conserved, while the self-cleaning effect is shown by each water droplet taking away a significant amount of dust particles on the altered surface. The multifunctional surface is useful for light collection and water/dust repelling.
Food provision in early childhood development centres in Harare, Zimbabwe

Background. Poor nutrition practices result in malnutrition, a public health concern that affects a third of children globally. In Zimbabwe, ~27.6% of children under-5 years old are stunted. Some of these children spend long hours in early childhood development centres (ECDCs). Children can receive half to two-thirds of their daily food intake while in care, making ECDCs an ideal entry point to influence child nutrition positively. There are no specific nutrition guidelines for ECDCs in Zimbabwe. Objective. The study aimed to investigate food provision at ECDCs of the Northern-Central District of Harare.Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted in 15 ECDCs. Fifteen ECD managers (ECDMs) and 14 food handlers (FHs) were included in the study. An observational checklist allowed recording of food preparation and hygiene practices. The Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) of the menu was calculated using the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 9-group DDS sheet.Results. Inadequate food storage facilities and food handling practices were observed. Staff had minimal nutrition-related training. Staff displayed a positive attitude towards their role in providing healthy meals. Barriers to serving healthy meals were inadequate funds, children’s food preferences, unrealistic parental expectations, and external factors. The mean DDS score for menus was 2.8. Meals consisted mainly of starchy items, legumes and meat, and lacked fruit and dairy items.Conclusion. National guidelines can improve children’s dietary intake while in day care. In alignment with Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 3, food provision at ECDCs should be a priority.
Cell-Free Fetal DNA and Non-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosomopathies and Pediatric Monogenic Diseases: A Critical Appraisal and Medicolegal Remarks

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) analysis is a non-invasive prenatal diagnostic test with a fundamental role for the screening of chromosomic or monogenic pathologies of the fetus. Its administration is performed by fetal DNA detection in the mother’s blood from the fourth week of gestation. Given the great interest regarding its validation as a diagnostic tool, the authors have set out to undertake a critical appraisal based on a wide-ranging narrative review of 45 total studies centered around such techniques. Both chromosomopathies and monogenic diseases were taken into account and systematically discussed and elucidated. Not surprisingly, cell-free fetal DNA analysis for screening purposes is already rather well-established. At the same time, considerable interest in its diagnostic value has emerged from this literature review, which recommends the elaboration of appropriate validation studies, as well as a broad discourse, involving all stakeholders, to address the legal and ethical complexities that such techniques entail.
Hemispherical Reflectance Variations of Vegetation Canopies and Implications for Global and Regional Energy Budget Studies

Abstract The variations of spectral hemispherical reflectance (albedo) in vegetation canopies were studied as a function of solar zenith angle, leaf area index, led orientation distribution, and leaf and soil optical, properties. A three dimensional radiative transfer model was used to investigate the radiative transfers that give rise to variations in hemispherical relfectance (ρ). The results of this model were compared to those derived using an analytical two-stream approximation model which has the advantages of being simple and robust enough to use in real time applications. The hemispherical reflectance in the visible and near-infrared regions can vary as much as 60% with changes in solar zenith angles from 0° to 77°. This variation generally decreases as the leaf orientation distribution approaches a planophile distribution. The probability of gap function through the canopy and the spectral characteristics of the soil and vegetation are key factors in determining the hemispherical reflectance dyna.
Determinants of Demand for Health Insurance in Uganda: An Analysis of Utilisation and Willingness to Pay

Health insurance is increasingly being recognized in Uganda as an effective way of protecting people against catastrophic health expenditures. However, only 5 percent of Ugandans hold health insurance, and only 42 percent would consider joining any healthinsurance scheme. It is in this regard that this study sought to examine the determinants of demand for health insurance in Uganda. After applying a logistic model on Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) data of 2016/17, the results reveal that awareness is a very crucial factor in determining demand for health insurance, and that most Ugandans are not aware of health insurance as a mode of paying for medical care. The results further reveal that although most of the people suffering from non-communicable diseases are willing to pay for health insurance, very few have health insurance in this regard. Generally, willingness to pay does not translate into actual utilisation of health insurance. Thus, the study recommends the promotion of awareness about health insurance, increasing the literacy levels of Ugandans through education, promoting poverty reduction and income enhancing programs, as well as urgently implementing a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). JEL Codes: A10, I11, I19
The Surprisingly Weak Effect of Gravity in Retarding Hot-Star Wind Acceleration

The overall scale for both the radiative force and the terminal speed in a line-driven wind in the Castor, Abbot, & Klein (CAK) theory is set by gravity. Thus, it could be said that gravity plays a fundamental role in hot-star winds. However, this paper will show that gravity only asserts an important influence close to the star where the mass-loss rate is set; its influence becomes virtually negligible a surprisingly small distance away from the surface. Thus, although it is well known that the maximum mass-loss rate is achieved when the acceleration near the surface is tightly scaled to gravity, it is demonstrated here that this is the only fundamentally important way that gravity enters the physics of hot-star wind acceleration. If the mass-loss rate were an external parameter instead, gravity could be completely neglected with only a small loss of accuracy in the details of the velocity curve. Since the presence of gravity seriously complicates the solution of the nonlinear force equation, its limited quantitative importance suggests alternate approximations that neglect gravity once the mass-loss rate is obtained. Using this approach, quite simple analytic expressions can be derived that approximate the velocity driven by single-line scattering of a radiation field emitted by a finite stellar disk. In the process, the importance of an effect termed "radiative leveraging," due to the dynamical feedback inherent in line driving, is explored. This is an effect whereby any external forces, such as gravity, are effectively "dressed" by the radiative force, such that any variations in the former are strongly multiplied by the latter in the self-consistent, time-steady solution. Interestingly, this dynamical feedback implies that increases in the efficiency of the radiative force are also leveraged, and this "self-leveraging" produces a steep line-force gradient that dwarfs gravity over most of the wind.
Non-destructive discrimination of Bell states by NMR using a single ancilla qubit

Discrimination of Bell states plays an important role in a number of quantum computational protocols such as teleportation and secret sharing. However, most of the protocols dealing with Bell state discrimination in the literature either involve performing correlated measurements or destroying the entanglement of the system. Here, we demonstrate an NMR-based experimental realization of a protocol for Bell state discrimination, following a scheme proposed by Gupta et al (quant-ph/0504183v1, 23 April 2005), which does not destroy the Bell state under consideration. Using the proposed protocol, one can deterministically distinguish the Bell states, without performing a measurement using the entangled basis. State discrimination is performed through two independent measurements on one ancilla qubit, which leaves the Bell states unchanged.
Ultrafast metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors on low-temperature-grown GaN

We have fabricated and characterized ultrafast metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors based on low-temperature-grown (LT) GaN. The photodetector devices exhibit up to 200kV∕cm electric breakdown fields and subpicosecond carrier lifetime. We recorded as short as 1.4-ps-wide electrical transients using 360-nm-wavelength and 100-fs-duration laser pulses, that is corresponding to the carrier lifetime of 720fs in our LT GaN material.
Effect of combination of garlic powder with black pepper, cinnamon and aloe vera powder on the growth performance, blood profile, and meat sensory qualities of broiler chickens

This study was conducted to evaluate dual herb combinations as phytogenic alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. One-day old broiler chicks (225) were randomly distributed to 5 treatments with 3 replicates of each. The dietary treatments comprised basal diet as control (C); antibiotic group receiving 0.1 g/kg of oxytetracycline (AB); 1.5% garlic powder + 0.5% black pepper (GB); 1.5% garlic powder + 0.5% cinnamon powder (GC) and basal diet with 1.5% garlic powder + 1.0% whole leaf aloe vera powder (GA). Body weight and feed consumed were recorded weekly and accordingly feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were calculated. At the end of 5th week, 2 birds per replicate were sacrificed to determine the carcass characteristics, meat sensory evaluation, blood parameters, duodenum morphology and faecal microbial load. The result revealed that inclusion of herbal combinations improved the weight gain compared to other treatments. All herbal combinations improved the flavour, tenderness and overall acceptability score of meat. Dietary regimen significantly affected the haemoglobin, PCV and TP parameters. Herbal combinations affected the fat digestibility and phosphorus retention, and improved the villus height: crypt depth. It can be concluded that herbal combinations studied have the potential to replace the prevalent antibiotic growth promoters used in broiler chicken.
L.I.F.E.: and Halloween Law

Abstract After obtaining the results for normalized spectral functions (n.s.f.) of a single symmetric, non-symmetric and unitary random matrix, we now move in this paper toward the main goal, namely to the most general solution of the problem of limit theorems in the theory of random matrices: to find limit distributions of n.s. f. of random matrices , , j, k, p = 1, 2, . ] where ƒ(x 1, x 2, . . .) is an analytical function and , j = 1, 2, . , are independent ACE (Asymptotically Constant Entries)-random matrices (in particular, unitary random matrices). Using the canonical equation K 91, we derive the so-called L.I. F.E. -Law.
Genetic and non-genetic parameters of Kleiber ratio in Pantja goat under field conditions of Tarai region of Uttarakhand

A study was conducted to estimate the Kleiber ratio of 805 Pantja kids of 514 goats sired by 26 bucks maintained by registered farmers under All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Goats (Pantja field unit) during 2015–16. The overall least-squares mean and their standard error for Kleiber ratio at 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 and 9–12 months of age were 15.29±0.16, 5.50±0.15, 4.24±0.09 and 3.53±0.37 g respectively. The random effect of sire had a highly significant effect on KR1 (0–3 months) and KR2 (3–6 months) whereas, the effect was significant on KR3 (6–9 months) and KR4 (9–12 months). The heritability estimate for Kleiber ratio was 0.28±0.09, 0.27±0.09, 0.22±0.08 and 0.04±0.03 at 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 and 9–12 months of age respectively. Most of the genetic and phenotypic correlations of Kleiber ratio were negative between different periods. It may be concluded that the pre-weaning Kleiber ratio was higher which indicated that the kids were given full care during this period. The post-weaning Kleiber ratio can be improved through better management of kids after weaning.