Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cropping Sequence, Seed Rate and Weed Management on Weed Growth and Yield of Indian Mustard in Western Rajasthan

The major weed species observed in the weedy check plots of mustard field were Chenopodium album, C. murale, Portulaca oleracea, Melilotus indica, Asphodelus tenuiffolius and Rumex dentatus. Inclusion of mungbean in mungbean-mustard cropping scquence caused 18.2% weed control efficiency over fallow-mungbean sequence. The system also gave 1597 kg ha−1 seed yield of mus1ard, besides additional mustard seed equivalent yield of 600 kg ha−1. by mungbean cultivation during kharif season, which provided 24.31% higher net return over fallow-mustard cropping sequence. Net return and benefit: cost ratio were improved with higher seed rate (5 and 6 kg ha−1) than lower seed rate (4 kg ha−1). Among the weed management practices, two hand weeding at 25 and 50 DAS and integration of fluchloralin at 0.75 kg ha−1 supplemented by one hand weedings at 25 DAS found significantly superior in terms of reducing weed density and dry weight of weeds over fluchloralin at 1.0 kg ha−1 and weedy check. However, maximum net profit and benefit: cost ratio were recorded with fluchloralin at 0.75 kg ha−1 + one hand weeding at 25 DAS.
The Effect of Carcass Conformation Class (Europ System) on the Slaughter Quality of Young Crossbred Beef Bulls and Holstein-Friesians / Porównanie wartości rzeźnej buhajków mieszańców mięsnych i holsztyno-fryzów w zależności od klasy uformowania w systemie EUROP

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of genotype and carcass conformation class on the slaughter quality of 200 young bulls, including 108 crossbred beef bulls and 92 Holstein- Friesians (HF), aged 21-22 months, selected in the lairage. The lean meat content was estimated and body measurements were taken before slaughter. After slaughter, the carcasses were graded according to the EUROP system, and carcass quality parameters were determined. Intramuscular fat was extracted from samples of m. longissimus dorsi, and the fatty acid profile of extracted fat was determined by gas chromatography. 61.11% carcasses of crossbred beef bulls were graded in the conformation class R, and 56.53% carcasses of Holstein-Friesians were classified as O. The majority of carcasses belonged to fat class 2, which was not consistent with intramuscular fat content. Within the same conformation classes, crossbred beef bulls were characterized by higher slaughter quality than Holstein-Friesian bulls. Meat from hybrid beef bulls had a higher (by 0.42% on average) content of fat with a more desirable composition. Since the population size of beef cattle will probably not increase in the nearest future, efforts should be continued to optimize the production of high-quality beef from dairy cattle herds. Streszczenie Badano wpływ genotypu i klasy uformowania tuszy na wartość rzeźną 200 buhajków. W magazynie żywca wybrano sztuki w wieku 21-22 miesięcy, z czego 108 były to mieszańce mięsne a 92 holsztyno- fryzy (ho). Przed ubojem oceniano ich umięśnienie i wykonano pomiary zoometryczne ciała. Po uboju sklasyfikowane tusze według systemu EUROP poddano szczegółowej ocenie wartości rzeźnej. Z próbki mięśnia najdłuższego grzbietu wyekstrahowano tłuszcz śródmięśniowy, w którym metodą chromatografii gazowej określono udział kwasów tłuszczowych. W klasyfikacji EUROP tusze buhajków mieszańców mięsnych w 61,11% uzyskały klasę uformowania R, a tusze holsztyno-fryzów w 56,53% oceniano jako O. W ocenie otłuszczenia dominowała klasa 2. i ocena otłuszczenia nie była zbieżna z zawartością tłuszczu śródmięśniowego. W obrębie jednakowych klas uformowania, mieszańce mięsne charakteryzowały się wyższą wartością rzeźną, w porównaniu z holsztyno-fryzami. Ponadto mięso ich zawierało średnio o 0,42% więcej tłuszczu o korzystniejszym składzie procentowym. Wobec braku realnych perspektyw na szybkie zwiększenie się wielkość populacji bydła ras mięsnych, należy prowadzić badania w kierunku opracowania metod optymalnej produkcji wołowiny o podwyższonej jakości w oparciu o stada mleczne.
Biochemical characterization of digestive α‐d‐glucosidase and β‐d‐glucosidase from labial glands and midgut of wheat bug Eurygaster maura (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)

The wheat bug Eurygaster maura (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) is a potential pest of wheat and barley in Iran and other countries. Two major digestive enzymes of this insect, α‐d‐glucosidase and β‐d‐glucosidase, have been investigated. The midgut has four distinct regions including the first ventriculus (V1), second ventriculus (V2), third ventriculus (V3) and fourth ventriculus (V4). The study showed that the first three regions of the wheat bug midgut were acidic (pH 5.5–6), the fourth region of the midgut and hindgut pH were slightly acidic (pH 6.5–6.9) and the salivary gland (labial gland) pH was determined to be somewhat acidic (pH 5–5.5). Enzyme assay showed that α‐ and β‐glucosidase activity is present in both midgut and salivary glands of adult E. maura. The specific activities of midgut α‐ and β‐glucosidase were 11.2 and 10.8 mU/mg protein, respectively. The specific activities of these enzymes in salivary glands were 3.06 and 2.73 mU/mg protein, respectively. Optimum temperature and pH values for glucosidases were determined to be 30–35°C and 5, respectively. Glucosidases of the midgut were more stable than salivary glucosidases at 35°C. Evaluating enzymatic kinetic parameters showed that glucosidases of the midgut had more affinity as well as more velocity than that of salivary glands.
Classical Lagrange Interpolation Based on General Nodal Systems at Perturbed Roots of Unity

The aim of this paper is to study the Lagrange interpolation on the unit circle taking only into account the separation properties of the nodal points. The novelty of this paper is that we do not consider nodal systems connected with orthogonal or paraorthogonal polynomials, which is an interesting approach because in practical applications this connection may not exist. A detailed study of the properties satisfied by the nodal system and the corresponding nodal polynomial is presented. We obtain the relevant results of the convergence related to the process for continuous smooth functions as well as the rate of convergence. Analogous results for interpolation on the bounded interval are deduced and finally some numerical examples are presented.
COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A FINE-GRAINED SOIL POTENTIAL FOR LANDFILL LINER APPLICATION

Increasing population growth and urbanization results in increased demand for waste disposal processes and facilities that can protect public health and the environment. In the Philippines, there is a great demand to construct sanitary landfills (SLF) with only 387 local government units (LGUs) or equivalent to 23.86% compliant to date with Republic Act 9003 which mandates all LGUs to use the sanitary landfill. The compaction characteristics of a locally abundant fine-grained soil at different compaction energy levels were investigated as part of a broader study in the suitability of the soil as a landfill liner material. Compaction is essential in the preparation of a well-compacted soil liner in a sanitary landfill to avoid or minimize the migration of leachate and thereby reduce the risk of groundwater pollution. The physical properties are determined through a series of laboratory tests which covers the grain-size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, soil classification, XRD and SEM-EDX. Correlations to estimate the compaction characteristics at any rational compaction energy (E) are developed. The maximum dry unit weight values at different compactive efforts were used to determine void ratios which were then utilized to compute for the saturated hydraulic conductivity using numerical model for hydraulic conductivity for the same soil type. The resulting hydraulic conductivity ranges from 2.30 x 10-7 to 1.20 x 10-7 cm/sec well above the required value in the Philippines as per RA 9003 and its IRR for the intended Category I and II SLFs application.
Effects of cloprostenol and flurogestone acetate sponge on embryo yields and quality in indigenous ewes in Bangladesh

The effects of two doses of cloprostenol and two doses of flurogestone acetate sponge on the onset of oestrus, and embryo recovery and quality were evaluated. Thirty-two indigenous ewes (Wera breed) were allocated into four groups of eight. All ewes were synchronised with 100 µg (Group I) or 175 µg (Group II) cloprostenol injection, 9 days apart, or insertion of intravaginal sponges containing 30 mg (Group III) or 45 mg (Group IV) flurogestone acetate (FGA) for 12 days. The ewes were superovulated with 600 IU PMSG intramuscularly 10 days after the second cloprostenol injection or immediately after sponge removal on Day 12. After the detection of oestrus, the ewes were mated naturally at 6 and 12 h, and some ewes were inseminated laparoscopically. Embryos were recovered surgically 5 or 6 days after service. All ewes exhibited oestrus. The onset of oestrus occurred significantly (P 0.05) in the mean time of onset of oestrus (50.0 ± 1.5 and 48.0 ± 0.00 h) between the two doses of cloprostenol. The mean number of corpora lutea (8.1 ± 1.26) and embryos recovered (6.1 ± 1.00) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with 45 mg FGA than in ewes treated with cloprostenol. Embryo recovery rate was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with 45 mg FGA (75.4%) than in other groups (41.7% and 51.6% in 100 μg and 175 μg cloprostenol- and 52.7% in 30 mg FGA-treated groups, respectively). Fertilisation rate was 93.3% in ewes given 100 µg cloprostenol, whereas other groups showed 100% fertilisation rate. The highest percentage (100%) of Grade 1 embryos was in FGA groups. In conclusion, despite FGA protocol presenting superior results, cloprostenol protocol was equally efficient in synchronising oestrus. The embryo recovery rate was better after 45 mg FGA than 30 mg FGA or after either dose of cloprostenol.
Temperature and dosage dependent suppression of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in vermicompost amended nurseries of white pumpkin: (with 3 tables & 2 figures)

It is generally accepted that composts have the potential to provide biological control of plant diseases. However, there has been little research on the use of vermicomposts for the same purpose. The aim of this paper was to evaluate a vermicompost suppressiveness in nurseries of white pumpkin infested with Rhizoctonia solani. Two assays were carried out at 22 ′ 2 °C and 15 ′ 3 °C, with increasing proportions of compost in the substratum. Seedlings with damping-off or incipient crown rot, as well as those that did not emerge as expected for the germination power, were considered diseased. Vermicompost's effectiveness in suppressing the disease depended on dosage and temperature.
Unraveling The Molecular Mechanisms Of Insect Diversity

10 Introduction.11 Evo-devo success story: the origin of arthropod mandibles.16 Arthropod appendages: emerging view.25 Next challenge: origin of complex traits such as tracheal systems . 35 Conclusion.41 CHAPTER 3 – RNAI ANALYSIS OF NUBBIN EMBRYONIC FUNCTIONS IN A HEMIMETABOLOUS INSECT, ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS . 44 Abstract . 44 Introduction.45 Materials and Methods . 47 Results.50 Discussion . 74 CHAPTER 4 – POST-EMBRYONIC FUNCTIONS OF SCR IN THE HEMIMETABOLOUS INSECT ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS . 82 Abstract . 82 Introduction.83
Genetic diversity among rice varieties cultivated in Punjab

The assessment of genetic diversity among the rice varieties cultivated in Punjab was done using Mahalanobis D2 statistics based on eleven agro-morphological traits. Nineteen cultivars were grouped into four different clusters revealing sufficient amount of variability among the genotypes. The clustering pattern revealed noncorrespondence of geographic diversity with genetic divergence. Days to 50% flowering and plant height contributed considerably, accounting for 61% of total divergence. The highest inter-cluster divergence (76.33) between clusters I and II maybe utilized in heterosis as well as in recombination breeding. Further, selection within cluster IV, having maximum intra-cluster distance (11.64), maybe exercised based on the highest mean for the desirable traits, which could be used for improvement through inter-varietal hybridization.
The Effects of Economic Freedom on Firm Investment in Vietnam

This paper investigates how economic freedom affected firm investment in Vietnam. In the globalization decade, economic freedom has been an important policy to support economic development in Vietnam. Improvements in economic freedom, such as capital freedom and domestic credit freedom, allow firms to access external finance more easily, so that the firm‟s investment depends less on internal cash flow. In a developing country, on the drawbacks, many small and medium firms likely have more challenges if the government would not give any subsidies. The higher level of freedom may exacerbate the financing constraints of less competitive firms. We analyze unique firm-level data from 2006 to 2016, which includes listed firms on two major stock exchanges and unlisted firms in the Unlisted Public Company Market. The article also considers how economic freedom affects small firms and large firms differently. Our results show that capital freedom and domestic credit freedom played an important role in investments for Vietnamese firms. However, we cannot find evidence that overall economic freedom relaxed the financial constraints on firms. Additionally, we suggest that small firms likely gain more advantage in access to external finance than do larger firms when the government removes restrictions from capital movement and the domestic credit market.
The Impact of an Experimental Guaranteed Income on Crime and Violence

Would unconditional cash payments reduce crime and violence? This paper examines data on crime and violence in the context of an understudied social experiment from the late 1970s called the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment, or Mincome. We combine town-level crime statistics for all mediumsized Canadian Prairie towns with town-level socio-demographic data from the census to study how an experimental guaranteed income impacted both violent crime and total crime. We find a significant negative relationship between Mincome and both outcomes. We also decompose total crime and analyze its main components, property crime and “other” crime, and find a significant negative relationship between Mincome and property crime. While the impact on property crime is theoretically straightforward, we close by speculating on the mechanisms that might link the availability of guaranteed annual income payments with a decline in violence, focusing in on the mechanisms that impact patterns of domestic violence.
Animal manures and some chemicals as soil supplement to improve growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato

The aim of current research was to determine the effects of two different animal manures (poultry and sheep manures) as base fertilizer and four different chemical supplements (foliar application of seaweed liquid fertilizer, humic acid, photosynthetic bacteria and plant growth regulator) on plant growth and yield of tomato. Tomato is among the most important crops worldwide and its yield is highly dependent on the soil fertility. Experimental studies were conducted in a modern polyethylene greenhouse, located in Yedidalga village in Northern Cyprus. The ‘Halay’ tomato variety was used in the current studies and the experiments were designed as a factorial combination of three manure applications (including “no manure application” as control) and five chemical foliar supplements (including “no foliar application” as control). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design and each unique treatment in plots was arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replicates per treatment and each replication consist of five plants. The planting density was 2,800 plants da with 25 cm distance between plants and 120 cm distance between rows. Results showed that both animal manure and chemical supplement applications, alone or in combination, have significant influence on the number of fruits plant and total yield (gr plant) of the tomato plants, however no significant effect on the plant height, plant stem diameter and fruit firmness. Results suggested that the best combinations for the higher total yield are the HA/PM (humic acid/poultry manure) and HA/SM (humic acid/sheep manure) applications with 3,547.7 gr plant, 3,496.7 gr plant, respectively.
Factors Affecting the Intention to Use Digital Banking in Vietnam

The study aims to evaluate the factors affecting the intention to use digital banking in Vietnam. Multivariate data analysis techniques (Cronbach‟s Alpha test, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Structure equation model) are used for the survey data collected from 201 customers who have access to digital banking. The analysis results show that: (1) attitude towards the service, perceived usefulness has a positive impacts on the intention to use; (2) convenience does not affect the intention to use digital banking services; (3) perceived usefulness factor has a positive effect on the attitude towards the service; (4) The perceived risk has a negative impact on attitude towards the service; (5) trust has no effect on the attitude towards the service; (6) ease of use has a positive impact on perceived usefulness; (7) trust has a positive effect on perceived risk. From the results of this study, perceived usefulness has a positive effect on attitude and intention to use the service. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the sense of the usefulness of customers through media advertising and consulting so that customers fully understand the benefits brought about by using digital banking services. Perceived risk has a negative impact on attitude towards the service.
PRODUCCIÓN HIDROPÓNICA DE JITOMATE ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) CON Y SIN RECIRCULACIÓN DE LA SOLUCIÓN NUTRITIVA

esumenLos sistemas hidroponicos con recirculacion de la solucion nutritiva, ahorran agua y fertilizantes, pero con el tiempo es dificil mantener el balance nutricional y controlar las enfer-medades que atacan a la raiz, lo que causa un rendimiento menor respecto a sistemas donde dicha solucion no se recir-cula. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficiencia de utilizacion de agua y nutrimentos, asi como el rendimiento en el cultivo de jitomate (
Effect of salt stress on growth and biochemical parameters of Pisum sativum L.

Abstract The effect of salinity on some physio-biochemical parameters in plants of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. EC 33866) has been investigated. Plants were subjected to four salt treatments, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl, for 30 days in sand culture and the physiological responses were measured. Salinity affected all of the considered parameters. Thus, high NaCl concentrations caused a great reduction in growth parameters such as fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots, but the leaf number was less affected. These changes were associated with a decrease in the relative water content and the K+ concentrations. The proline and sugar content was increased, but nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll was found to decrease in leaves. The significance of organic solute accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment has been discussed.
The Effectiveness and Features of Formative Assessment in US K-12 Education: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT In the present article, we present a systematical review of previous empirical studies that conducted formative assessment interventions to improve student learning. Previous meta-analysis research on the overall effects of formative assessment on student learning has been conclusive, but little has been studied on important features of formative assessment interventions and their differential impacts on student learning in the United States’ K-12 education system. Analysis of the identified 126 effect sizes from the selected 33 studies representing 25 research projects that met the inclusion criteria (e.g., included a control condition) revealed an overall small-sized positive effect of formative assessment on student learning (d = .29) with benefits for mathematics (d = .34), literacy (d = .33), and arts (d = .29). Further investigation with meta-regression analyses indicated that supporting student-initiated self-assessment (d = .61) and providing formal formative assessment evidence (e.g., written feedback on quizzes; d = .40) via a medium-cycle length (within or between instructional units; d = .52) were found to enhance the effectiveness of formative assessments.
Evaluation of major rice cultivars for resistance to bacterial seedling rot caused by Burkholderia glumae and identification of Japanese standard cultivars for resistance assessments

Burkholderia glumae causes bacterial seedling rot (BSR) and bacterial grain rot (BGR) in rice (Oryza sativa), both of which are important diseases in Japan. We previously evaluated major Japanese cultivars for BGR resistance and selected standard cultivars for resistance assessments. Here, we assessed the BSR occurrence rate in cultivars from the World Rice Collection (WRC) and other sources and found wide variation in resistance. Next, we evaluated major Japanese cultivars for BSR resistance and found that two Japanese landraces, ‘Kujuu’ and ‘Aikoku’, showed “strong” resistance; most others were categorized as “medium” or “medium to weak”. We previously developed a near-isogenic line (RBG1-NIL) by introducing the genomic region containing RBG1, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for BSR resistance, from ‘Nona Bokra’ (indica) into ‘Koshihikari’ (temperate japonica). The resistance level of RBG1-NIL was “strong”, indicating the effectiveness of RBG1 against BSR. The correlation between BSR and BGR resistance scores was low, indicating that it is necessary to introduce QTLs for resistance from different sources to develop cultivars resistant to both BSR and BGR. On the basis of the screening results, we selected standard cultivars for BSR resistance to cover a range of resistance levels.