Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
At What Depth Are The Properties of a Gypseous Forest Topsoil Affected By Burning?

Wildfires represent one of the main factors of land degradation in Mediterranean environments having negative effects to several ecosystem services. In this work, the fire‐induced changes associated with depth (O horizon and Ah at 0–1, 1–2 and 2–3 cm depths) were studied in a gypseous soil under Aleppo pine forest. Topsoil monoliths were burned in an outdoor combustion tunnel simulating a fire of moderate intensity. In the O horizon, burning caused an immediate and significant decrease in water repellency (WR), total organic carbon (TOC) and pyrolyzed carbon (PyC) and an increase in total inorganic carbon. The Ah horizon was also significantly affected by fire, but mainly in its first shallower centimetre and with a different direction according to soil properties: TOC, gypsum, WR and PyC decreased, whereas soil aggregate stability and pH increased. Soil burning not only involved the loss of the pre‐fire organic matter content of the O horizon and the upper centimetre of the Ah horizon but also decreased their relative abundance of markers of resins, lignin and polysaccharides. Moreover, the soil burning exerted the cracking of alkylic long‐chain molecular series, some of them until the 2 cm Ah depth. The reduction of organic lipophilic molecules in the upper soil centimetre may be related to the fire‐induced decreases in WR. Moderate burning of the studied gypseous ochric horizon does not modify any of the properties studied at depths greater than 2 cm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BIBLIOTHERAPY IN REDUCING DEPRESSION TENDENCIES IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

ABSTRACT: College students are particularly susceptible to depression due to the various pressures. Therefore, bibliotherapy is one of the interventions that can be utilized to alleviate this situation. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bibliotherapy in reducing the tendency of depression among students. The participants in this pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design consisted of college students who experienced depression and had an interest in reading (N=7). The results of the Wilcoxon test showed a decrease in depression symptoms after students received bibliotherapy intervention. This study was expected to serve as a valuable self-help reference for students struggling with depression.
Understanding Capital Structure in Flower Farms, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

A study on 120 flower farmers was made in the district Varanasi to analyze the farm structure and investment patterns of the selected farms. A multistage stratified purposive cum random sampling procedure was adopted for the study. Findings reveal that the overall average cropping intensity on sample farms was found 213.04%. Among the overall cropping pattern of the crops in the study area, the percentage of rose was 8.57 and marigold was found 11.12 percent. Per farm investment on farm, structure was highest on small size group of farms i.e., Rs. 750644.34 followed by marginal size group of farms which found the money value of Rs. 463367.02 respectively showing the direct relation to farm size.
The Impact of Mechanical Energy Assessment on Mechanical Ventilation: A Comprehensive Review and Practical Application

Mechanical ventilation (MV) provides basic organ support for patients who have acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, with acute respiratory distress syndrome as the most severe form. The use of excessive ventilation forces can exacerbate the lung condition and lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI); mechanical energy (ME) or power can characterize such forces applied during MV. The ME metric combines all MV parameters affecting the respiratory system (ie, lungs, chest, and airways) into a single value. Besides evaluating the overall ME, this parameter can be also related to patient-specific characteristics, such as lung compliance or patient weight, which can further improve the value of ME for characterizing the aggressiveness of lung ventilation. High ME is associated with poor outcomes and could be used as a prognostic parameter and indicator of the risk of VILI. ME is rarely determined in everyday practice because the calculations are complicated and based on multiple equations. Although low ME does not conclusively prevent the possibility of VILI (eg, due to the lung inhomogeneity and preexisting damage), individualization of MV settings considering ME appears to improve outcomes. This article aims to review the roles of bedside assessment of mechanical power, its relevance in mechanical ventilation, and its associations with treatment outcomes. In addition, we discuss methods for ME determination, aiming to propose the most suitable method for bedside application of the ME concept in everyday practice.
Oil-supply news and dynamics of exchange rates in oil-exporting countries

Most sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have benefited and also suffered from the consequences of oil price fluctuations. The suffering of these nations has reverberated especially from the influencing power of exchange rate volatility, high inflation as well as an adverse impact on other macroeconomic variables. Therefore, this study estimated the magnitude of the effects of oil supply news shocks on the dynamics of exchange rates and also, the impact of exchange rate dynamics on oil supply news shocks in oil-exporting countries of West Africa (WA) countries. We implemented a panel non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (P-NARDL) model. The finding of the study indicates that rising fluctuations in oil prices caused by Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) news of oil supply disruption significantly induce exchange rate devaluation. Unambiguously, a 1 percent increase in oil supply news shocks stimulated 1.59432 percent appreciation while the same-size decrease in oil prices led to 0.86397 percent devaluation. These validate asymmetrical presence in exchange rate behaviour concerning the oil market. Also, we found 1.09452 percent devaluation and 0.25371 percent appreciation in the exchange rates of oil-producing African nations following a 1 percent rise and fall in inflation rates indicating a symmetric relationship between inflation rate and exchange rates. Oil-producing countries of WA should utilize foreign exchange (FX) from oil export to acquire capital-intensive projects.
Investigating English-Majored Students’ Levels of Satisfaction with Their Internship Experiences: A Case Study at Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance

This study aims to explore English-majored students’ perceptions of the value of internship and their levels of satisfaction with regard to three workplace dimensions including job characteristics, work environment characteristics, and contextual factors. Fifty interns from the Faculty of English at Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance (UEF) participated in this project. Data were collected through questionnaires and then quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The results indicated that the majority of the interns had positive perceptions of the internship experience and demonstrated their maturity and responsibility. The students also expressed high satisfaction with job characteristics, specifically skill variety, autonomy, feedback, and work-related factors such as co-workers and supervisor support. However, they were somehow dissatisfied with contextual elements such as the working hours and compensation. These findings can assist academic institutions, academic supervisors and host companies in providing students with effective internship experience and enhancing their workplace skills.
Origin of surface and columnar Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) aerosols using source- and region-tagged emissions transport in a general circulation model - article no. D24211

We study the relative influence of aerosols emitted from different sectors and geographical regions on aerosol loading in south Asia. Sectors contributing aerosol emissions include biofuel and fossil fuel combustion, open biomass burning, and natural sources. Geographical regions include India, southeast Asia, east Asia, Africa-west Asia, and the rest of the world. Simulations of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), from January to March 1999, are made in the general circulation model of Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD-ZT GCM) with emissions tagged by sector and geographical region. Anthropogenic emissions dominate (54-88%) the predicted aerosol optical depth (AOD) over all the receptor regions. Among the anthropogenic sectors, fossil fuel combustion has the largest overall influence on aerosol loading, primarily sulfate, with emissions from India (50-80%) and rest of the world significantly influencing surface concentrations and AOD. Biofuel combustion has a significant influence on both the surface and columnar black carbon (BC) in particular over the Indian subcontinent and Bay of Bengal with emissions largely from the Indian region (60-80%). Open biomass burning emissions influence organic matter (OM) significantly, and arise largely from Africa-west Asia. The emissions from Africa-west Asia affect the carbonaceous aerosols AOD in all receptor regions, with their largest influencemore » (AOD-BC: 60%; and AOD-OM: 70%) over the Arabian Sea. Among Indian regions, the Indo-Gangetic Plain is the largest contributor to anthropogenic surface mass concentrations and AOD over the Bay of Bengal and India. Dust aerosols are contributed mainly through the long-range transport from Africa-west Asia over the receptor regions. Overall, the model estimates significant intercontinental incursion of aerosol, for example, BC, OM, and dust from Africa-west Asia and sulfate from distant regions (rest of the world) into the INDOEX domain. « less
Impact of Organic Nutrient Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Mungbean

A multilocation field experiment was conducted during kharif season (July–September) of 2019 in mungbean under organic nutrient management at Agriculture Research Sub-Station, Sumerpur, Pali and Adaptive Trial Centre, Sumerpur, Pali, Rajasthan, India. The nine organic nutrient management practices viz. T1- Farmyard manure (FYM) as per soil health card @ 10 t ha-1, T2- Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, T3- T1+Vermiwash @ 10% at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), T4- T2+Vermiwash @ 10% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T5- T1+Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T6- T2+Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T7- T1+Panchgavya @ 6% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T8- T2+Panchgavya @ 6% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS and T9- Control in three replications in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The higher values of growth attributes like number of leaves, number of branches, height and leaf area per plant were recorded by treatment vermicompost as per soil health card+Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) which was found significantly superior over the other treatments at both the places. It was found that Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS along with vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 obtained higher SPAD value (39.51), seed yield (908 kg ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (B:C ratio) under organic farming during kharif season at both the places.
Supplementary Material for “Slicing-free Inverse Regression in High-dimensional Sufficient Dimension Reduction”

In this section, we shall present all simulation results for models described in Section 6, except the ones which have already been presented in the main paper. Specifically, Table S1 and S2 contain the results for single index models (M1 and M2), Table S3 and S4 contain results for multiple index models (M3 M5). Results for PFC model (univariate response) M6 are summarized in Table S5, and we gather the rest of results for models with multivariate response variables (M7M9) in Table S6. The patterns are similar to those presented in the paper. Overall the newly proposed method outperforms the competitors in most scenarios, especially when the dimensionality is significantly larger than the sample size (i.e., high-dimensional setting). It is also observed that SIR-based methods are rather sensitive to the choice of number of slices, whereas our method is slicing-free and is thus easier to use in practice.
Investigation of BRCA2 Gene K3326X Variant in Patients with Breast and Ovarian Cancer by Next-Generation Sequencing Technique

Introduction: The BRCA2 gene is a tumor suppressor gene involved in the repair of double-stranded DNA damage by homologous recombination. Until now, many cancer-related variants of the BRCA2 gene have been reported. There are conflicting publications in studies of the possible effect of the K3326X variant of this gene in cancer. This study investigates the K3326X BRCA2 gene variant and its role in the cancer pathogenesis of Turkish patients diagnosed with breast and ovarian cancer. Materials and methods: In the study, 1957 patients with cancer diagnosis for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic analysis and 432 healthy individuals without a history of cancer were included. The K3326X variant was investigated using the next-generation sequencing method from the genomic DNA sample obtained from the individuals. Results: K3326X variant was detected in 54 of 1957 (2.75%) cancer patients. For the non-cancerous group, 11 of 432 (2.5%) patients were carrying the K3326X variant. When both groups were compared in terms of K3326X variant carriage, a statistically significant result could not be obtained for the individuals (p=0.934). Discussion: BRCA2 K3326X variant did not have a significant role in cancer etiopathogenesis. As a result, the variant whose clinical significance is not still been fully understood, was investigated for the first time for Turkish population. Our results suggest that the variant could be a benign variant.
HOW GOOD ARE MULTINATIONAL EU COMPANIES AT ESCAPING FROM PAYING TAXES?

Profit shifting is a topic that has been relevant for quite some time, and getting even more attraction currently, as more high-profile examples occur. In general, most multinational companies engage in profit shifting by reporting profits in low-tax countries, which in turn decreases government revenues. Therefore, it is an important topic to look into, as there are also new policies and frameworks being implemented by multiple institutions. We look at the main dynamics of multinational companies that engage in profit shifting in the European Union, during 2012-2020, by calculating a composite tax variable C, based on a paper done by Huizinga & Laeven in 2008. The variable C is a proxy for the incentive to shift profits, whereas the semi-elasticity that we compute with regressions show whether companies engage in it. We find that 75% of companies engage in profit shifting, and the larger the company, the more they shift their profits. Additionally, we find some other trends regarding geographical location, namely, that companies are more likely to shift profits in Eurozone countries, and in comparison with previous research; it is likely that the overall scope of profit shifting has decreased over a longer time period.
Enhancing the Structural Performance of Additively Manufactured Objects

The ability to accurately quantify the performance an additively manufactured (AM) product is important for a widespread industry adoption of AM as the design is required to: (1) satisfy geometrical constraints, (2) satisfy structural constraints dictated by its intended function, and (3) be cost effective compared to traditional manufacturing methods. Optimization techniques offer design aids in creating cost-effective structures that meet the prescribed structural objectives. The fundamental problem in existing approaches lies in the difficulty to quantify the structural performance as each unique design leads to a new set of analyses to determine the structural robustness and such analyses can be very costly due to the complexity of in-use forces experienced by the structure. This work develops computationally tractable methods tailored to maximize the structural performance of AM products. A geometry preserving build orientation optimization method as well as data-driven shape optimization approaches to structural design are presented. Proposed methods greatly enhance the value of AM technology by taking advantage of the design space enabled by it for a broad class of problems involving complex in-use loads.
Elephants, Roads and Drivers: Case Study of Gerik-Jeli Highway A

At the start of 2018, the United Nations estimated that world population had reached 7.6 billion. Today, there are few untouched natural habitats left, where wildlife can live without crossing paths with humans and our activities. Linear infrastructures, such as roads, are rapidly proliferating all over the world. Vivienne Loke Alicia SolanaMena Dr Pazil bin Abdul Patah Salman Saaban Dr Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz Dr Wong Ee Phin Jamie Wadey Dr Vivek Thuppil Nasharuddin Othman
A Surrogate Reduced Order Free Vibration Model of Linear and Non-Linear Beams using Modified Modal Coefficients and HOSVD Approaches

In the present work, two low-dimensional models are presented and used for vibration simulation of the linear and non-linear beam models. These models help to compute the dynamical responses of the beam with fast computation speed and under the effects of different conditions. Also the obtained results can be used in the conceptual and detailed design stages of an engineering system overall design. First, a finite element analysis based on Euler-Bernoulli beam elements with two primary variables (deflection and slope) at each node is used to find static and dynamic responses of the considered linear and non-linear beams. Responses to three different static load cases are obtained and applying them as initial conditions, the time responses of the beam are calculated by the Newmark's time approximation scheme. A low-dimensional POD model which was extracted from the ensemble under the effect of an arbitrary loading is reconstructed. To apply the model to simulate the response of beam under the effect of other loads, POD modal coefficients are updated due to change of initial condition. This modification is performed based on the recalculation of the eigenvalues due to a new initial condition. Also, another low-dimensional model is constructed which is developed based on an ensemble under the effect of several parameters. To apply the model to simulate the response of the beam under the effect of other loads and variations of beam thickness, POD-HOSVD modal coefficients are updated due to the change of desired parameters. The results obtained from the low-dimensional model are showing good agreement to the benchmark data and proving high level accuracy of the model.
Nocturnal thermal structure of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region at Maui, Hawaii (20.7°N), and Starfire Optical Range, New Mexico (35°N) : Mesospheric Dynamic and Thermodynamic Studies

The nighttime thermal structure of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region at the Starfire Optical Range (SOR), New Mexico (35.0°N, 106.5°W), and at Maui, Hawaii (20.7°N, 156.3°W), are characterized using Na lidar observations. Both locations exhibit mesospheric temperature inversion layers (MILs) between 85 and 100 km that are not predicted by the MSIS-00 model. The amplitudes of the Maui MILs (∼5.8 K) are about half of those at SOR (∼9.8 K), and the Maui MILs have a smaller width (∼11.1 km) compared to the SOR MILs (∼14.5 km). The Maui lidar temperatures are generally warmer than the MSIS-00 predictions, while the SOR lidar data are comparable to the MSIS-00, except in the MIL altitude range. Both SOR and Maui mesopause temperatures are coldest in midsummer and are warmest during the mesopause transition periods. However, the Maui mesopause is warmer than the SOR, and the amplitude of the mesopause temperature variations at Maui (∼9 K) is much smaller than at SOR (∼19 K). Two distinct levels of mesopause altitudes are clearly shown in the SOR seasonal data with a low altitude around 86.5 km in summer (May through August) and a high altitude around 101 km during the rest of the year. Abrupt transitions between the two stable levels occur in early May and early September. The lidar measurements indicate a low mesopause altitude near 87.5 km in July at Maui when averaging over a 10-hour period centered at local midnight.
Reliability and Factor Analysis of a Blackboard Course Management System Success: A Scale Development and Validation in an Educational Context

Data collected were subjected to factor and reliability analysis. A total of 13 items were dropped from the pooled items resulting in the retention of 39 items on the final version. The scale has a Cronbach aloha reliability co-efficient of 0. 91. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the items on the final version of the scale loaded on eight factors accounted for 75% of the total scale variance. The reliability of each factor was as follows: Criterion Measure, r = 0.68; 87 System Quality, r =0.68; Content Quality, r =0.61; Service Quality, r = 0.50; Teaching and Learning Quality, r =0.60; Self-Regulated Learning, r = 0.74; Intention to Use/Usage, r = 0.53; User Satisfaction r = 0.61; Net Benefits, r = 0.75.
Understanding hard-life experiences: exploring psychological measurement through structural equation modelling

This paper aims to develop a scale for hard-life experiences through the psychological sense. Past hardships can impact individuals' cognition, stress levels, and resilience. This scale can be applied in various research areas, such as psychology, health, behavior, and decision-making in organizations. Learning about hard-life experiences is one aspect of longitudinal studies on the historical life of key leaders, who are business owners, crucial managers, and entrepreneurs focusing on the traumatic feeling during lifetime living from childhood to adulthood. A total of 149 key leaders who are business owners, crucial managers, and entrepreneurs in Vietnam responded to a survey. Structural equation modeling investigated the validity and reliability of hard-life experience measurement scales with two coherent constructs. The findings of this research discovered two sub-scales chronic and acute hard-life experiences to measure key leaders’ hardship during their lifetime, equivalenting for the period of childhood up to adolescence, and the adult period of individual key leaders essentially. This study makes a significant contribution by introducing a new benchmark to the existing literature on the experiences of business owners, crucial managers, and entrepreneurs.