Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Links between school climate and bullying: A study of two tribes schools

Bullying is a problem for schools around the world, and is an important topic for research because it has been associated with negative outcomes on several social, psychological, and academic measures. Antibullying programs have varied greatly in their outcomes, with some studies reporting positive results while others have reported little or no positive impacts. This could be due, in part, to insufficient attention paid to school climate as a possible mediating variable. My dissertation aims to explore the links between school climate and bullying/victimization. Because Tribes (Gibbs, 2001) is a well-developed program intended to improve school climate and is becoming increasingly popular in schools, it was used to explore the links between school climate and bullying/victimization. Tribes is a program that uses a learning-community, whole-school model and aims to create a positive school climate through improved teaching and classroom management, positive interpersonal relations, and opportunities for student participation. A case study methodology was used and data was collected from 2 Tribes elementary schools. One school was in its first year of implementation, and the other school was in its fourth year of implementation. Data sources included: surveys of grade 4-6 students, teacher surveys, student focus groups, teacher semi-structured interviews, classroom and general school observations, teacher focus groups, and interviews with non-teaching staff members. Data from this study indicate which aspects of the school climate may be most important for creating a bully-free environment, and a model is proposed describing possible mechanisms through which school climate can be changed to produce an environment less conducive to bullying. The results of this study also provide local knowledge to the two schools involved regarding the perceived impacts of the Tribes program on school climate and bullying in their schools, and what can be done to further improve school climate and reduce bullying in their schools. School climate and bullying v
No Evidence for Cross-Modal fMRI Adaptation in Macaque Parieto-Premotor Mirror Neuron Regions

To probe the presence of mirror neurons in the human brain, cross-modal fMRI adaptation has been suggested as a suitable technique. The rationale behind this suggestion is that this technique allows making more accurate inferences about neural response properties underlying fMRI voxel activations, beyond merely showing shared voxels that are active during both action observation and execution. However, the validity of using cross-modal fMRI adaptation to demonstrate the presence of mirror neurons in parietal and premotor brain regions has been questioned given the inconsistent and weak results obtained in human studies. A better understanding of cross-modal fMRI adaptation effects in the macaque brain is required as the rationale for using this approach is based on several assumptions related to macaque mirror neuron response properties that still need validation. Here, we conducted a cross-modal fMRI adaptation study in macaque monkeys, using the same action execution and action observation tasks that successfully yielded mirror neuron region cross-modal action decoding in a previous monkey MVPA study. We scanned two male rhesus monkeys while they first executed a sequence of either reach-and-grasp or reach-and-touch hand actions and then observed a video of a human actor performing these motor acts. Both whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses failed to demonstrate cross-modal fMRI adaptation effects in parietal and premotor mirror neuron regions. Our results, in line with previous findings in non-human primates, show that cross-modal motor-to-visual fMRI adaptation is not easily detected in monkey brain regions known to house mirror neurons. Thus, our results advocate caution in using cross-modal fMRI adaptation as a method to infer whether mirror neurons can be found in the primate brain.
Burnout syndrome among healthcare professionals in the Fako division, Cameroon: Impact of physical activity and sleep quality

Objectives Burnout syndrome (BOS) is an affection mostly resulting from chronic job-related stress. Many studies have identified job-related and non-job-related factors associated with BOS. Our aim of this study was to assess the level of BOS in private and public hospital healthcare providers in Fako division, Cameroon and evaluate the impact of physical activity and sleep quality (SQ). Methods The study was carried out in five randomly selected hospitals in Fako Division over a three-month period. Consenting doctors, nurses and laboratory technicians were recruited using consecutive sampling methods. Sociodemographic and professional characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. BOS was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Sleep quality (SQ) and physical activity (PA) were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) respectively. Odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and a statistical significance was set for p-value < 0.05. Results The mean age was 32 ± 6 years and 70.9% female. BOS prevalence was 66.3% with 71.4% in females and 53.9% in males (p = 0.002). Of the 232 participants with BOS, 65.7%, 52% and 53.7% had moderate to high emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased personal accomplishment, respectively. Moderate to high PA as well as poor SQ were not significantly associated with BOS while longer sleep duration (>8 h) was associated with a greater odd of BOS. Conclusions The prevalence of BOS was high among healthcare professionals. While PA showed no protective effects, high sleep duration could increase its risk.
Controls on low‐pressure anatexis

Low‐pressure anatexis, whereby rocks melt in place after passing through the andalusite stability field, develops under more restricted conditions than does low‐pressure metamorphism. Our thermal modelling and review of published work indicate that the following mechanisms, operating alone, may induce anatexis in typical pelitic rocks without inducing wholesale melting in the lower crust: (i) magmatic advection by pervasive flow; (ii) crustal‐scale detachment faulting; and (iii) the presence of a high heat‐producing layer. Of these, only magmatic advection by pervasive flow and crustal‐scale detachment faulting have been shown quantitatively to provide sufficient heat to cause widespread melting. Combinations of the above mechanisms with pluton‐scale magmatic advection, shear heating, removal of the lithospheric mantle, or with each other provide additional means of developing suitable high temperatures at shallow crustal levels to generate low‐pressure anatexis.
Complex rupture of the M6.3 2015 March 10 Bucaramanga earthquake: evidence of strong weakening process

P. Poli,1 G.A. Prieto,1 C.Q. Yu,1 M. Florez,1 H. Agurto-Detzel,2 T.D. Mikesell,1,3 G. Chen,1 V. Dionicio4 and P. Pedraza4 1Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. E-mail: ppoli@mit.edu 2Instituto de Astronomia, Geofı́sica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil 3Center for Geophysical Investigation of the Shallow Subsurface, Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA 4Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Bogotá, Colombia
Does Shari’ah supervisory board characteristics affect Islamic banks’ financial performance? Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Shari’ah (Islamic law) governance has drawn considerable interest in the past few decades in an effort to enhance the outcomes and prolonged success of banks that follow the Islamic banking system. There is widespread awareness that Shari’ah governance enhances public trust in the integrity, management, and business functioning of Islamic banks and prevents any financial crisis that could affect the performance of banks. The current study has a primary objective to analyze the influence of Shari’ah Supervisory Board (SSB) characteristics upon the financial performance of the banks that follow the Islamic banking system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) based on features possessed by the SSB. The data considered for the period spans between 2013 and 2022 and focuses on four fully-fledged Islamic banks operating in the KSA. The Authors collected the annual reports of the banks to extract the financial data and analyzed it under descriptive statistical analysis. Further, an ordinary least square regression model was also applied in this study. The analytical outcomes reveal that the independence and the experience of the Shari’ah board exert a remarkable influence on the financial performance of the Islamic banks whereas the size of the Shari’ah board has no significant influence to note. The study suggests that the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) should accelerate the incorporation of the Shari’ah governance framework in the banks that follow the Islamic banking system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a central SSB to coordinate the efforts of the committees of Saudi local banks and provide the necessary technical assistance for implementing optimal Shari’ah governance practices
DESIGN METHOD FOR THE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE SLOPE WITH LANDING PIER

A basic method for stability analysis of the slope containing piles in a row is described, using the theoretical equation of lateral force acting on piles in a row due to plastically deforming ground, which has already been derived by the authors. Studies of the effect of many factors on pile and slope on the slope-stability are carried out for an example of the foundation piles of landing pier in a harbor and a design method is proposed for the stability analysis of the slope with landing pier.The results show that such factors as the position of pile's row, the fixity condition of the pile head, the interval between piles, the pile diameter, the thickness of the pipe pile and the slope gradient have much effect on the slope-stability. In the proposed design method, such six factors can be considered systematically. Moreover, an example is shown, in which important factors in pile design are brought out and illustrated.
Comparative Neuroanatomy of Pediveliger Larvae of Various Bivalves from the Sea of Japan

Simple Summary Here, we described and compared the morphology of the nervous system of the late larval stage of bivalve mollusks, pediveligers, using confocal microscopy. Pediveligers from four ecological groups were studied: burrowing (Callista brevisiphonata, Mactromeris polynyma), cementing (Pododesmus macrochisma, Crassostrea gigas), attaching to byssus (Kellia japonica, Crenomytilus grayanus) and mobile forms (Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Azumapecten farreri). We tried to identify possible similarities and/or differences in a number of structures of the nervous system in pediveligers of different species and correlate them with the lifestyle of a particular ecological group. We have not found a direct connection between the presence or absence of a number of peripheral neurostructures with an ecological group, but we have identified a possible evolutionary connection. A stomatogastric neuron communicating with the apical organ was found in species from the Heterodonta clade. The enteric nervous system and unrelated to the apical organ neurons present in Pectinida were also detected. Abstract Here, we describe the nervous system structures from pediveligers of eight bivalve species (Callista brevisiphonata, Mactromeris polynyma, Crenomytilus grayanus, Kellia japonica, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, and Azumapecten farreri) with different modes of life in their adult stages, corresponding to the ecological niches that they occupy (burrowing, cemented, byssally attached, and mobile forms). We have identified neuromorphological features of the central and peripheral nervous systems in larval bivalves. We show that the unpaired sensory apical organ is still present in pediveligers along with the developing paired cerebral ganglia characteristic of an adult mollusk. Pediveligers have the pleural ganglia connected to the pedal ganglia via the pedal nerve cords and to the visceral ganglia via the lateral nerve cords. We have found a number of structures of the peripheral nervous system whose presence varies between pediveligers of different species. Mactromeris, Callista, and Pododesmus have 5-HT-immunopositive stomatogastric neurons, whereas the Yesso and Farrer’s scallops have an FMRFamide-immunopositive enteric nervous system. The innervation of the anterior part of the velum is connected to a system of the apical organ and cerebral ganglia, and the innervation of the posterior part is connected to the visceral ganglia. Most differences in the structure of the peripheral elements of the nervous system are species-specific and weakly depend on the ecological niche that pediveligers occupy.
Effects of mental rotation on map representation in orienteers—behavioral and fNIRS evidence

Objective Taking orienteering as an example, this study aimed to reveal the effects of mental rotation on orienteers’ map representation and their brain processing characteristics. Methods Functional near-infrared spectroscopic imaging (fNIRS) was used to explore the behavioral performance and cortical oxyhemoglobin concentration changes of map-represented cognitive processing in orienteering athletes under two task conditions: normal and rotational orientation. Results Compared to that in the normal orientation, athletes’ task performance in the rotated orientation condition was significantly decreased, as evidenced by a decrease in correct rate and an increase in reaction time; in the normal orientation condition, blood oxygen activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe was significantly greater than that in the ventral prefrontal lobe, which was significantly correlated with the correct rate. With rotating orientation, the brain oxygen average of each region of interest was enhanced, and the brain region specifically processed was the ventral prefrontal lobe, specifically correlating with the correct rate. Conclusions Mental rotation constrains the map representation ability of athletes, and map representation in rotational orientation requires more functional brain activity for information processing. Ventral lateral prefrontal lobe activation plays an important role in the map representation task in rotational orientation.
The Decrease in Serum Total Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Concentrations With the Initiation of Hemodialysis Despite a Concomitant Increase in Serum Albumin Concentrations

Background and objective Hemodialysis patients often have lower serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol concentrations compared to the general population. It is unclear if this is due to a persistent decline in the values due to kidney disease or if the hemodialysis itself is contributing to the lower values. It is often assumed that malnutrition and anorexia are the main causes of the low lipid concentration in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between hemodialysis initiation and serum lipid and albumin concentrations. Methodology The medical records of all patients initiating hemodialysis over an 11-year period at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. The data of 145 patients who had all the required lab values available were ultimately included in the study. Serum lipid levels at the initiation of hemodialysis were compared to values obtained mostly 6-18 months later. In order to determine if poor nutritional status is the reason for the decline in serum lipid levels, the serum albumin concentration at the initiation of hemodialysis was compared to that obtained during follow-up labs. Results We observed that serum cholesterol concentration declined from an average of 147 mg/dL to 137 mg/dL, while LDL decreased from an average of 78 mg/dL to 68 mg/dL, and serum albumin concentration increased from 3.4 g/dL to 3.8 g/dL after an average follow-up period of 10.8 months. Conclusions Based on our findings, the decline in serum LDL and total cholesterol concentrations with the initiation of hemodialysis may not be attributed to poor nutritional intake.
An Influence of Different Thinning Methods on Qualitative Wood Production of European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) on Two Eutrophic Sites in the Western Carpathians

The issues related to appropriate management methods of beech stands have been considered as a crucial topic from the past up to now. Although the positive effect of tending on wood quality in beech stands is a generally known fact, the results from long-term experiments are very scarce. We investigated the qualitative production of beech forests, treated by different thinning methods during a long-term period of 53 years. For this purpose two long-term (lasting 53 years with a measurement interval of 5 years) series of research plots were used. On each plot three different thinning methods were applied: i) heavy thinning from below (C-grade according to the German forestry research institutes in 1902), ii) free crown thinning (original thinning method developed in Slovak Republic), and iii) control plot (without treatments). As much as 6,316 trees at the beginning of research and 864 trees at the last measurement were assessed and measured. Chi-squared test was used to quantify the effect of different thinning methods on qualitative wood production. The results showed the highest proportion of target trees, as well as the best average quality of the stem and crown on plots where the free crown thinning was applied followed by the plots with heavy thinning from below and control ones. We found that the proportion (expressed out of the total growing stock of crop trees) of veneers was the highest on plots managed by the free crown thinning (30 and 36%) and the lowest on control (unthinned) plots (10 and 19%). It is concluded that no significant differences between the two studied sites were found, which demonstrates a similar effect of the investigated thinning methods at different places across the region of Slovak Republic, but with similar site conditions. On the other hand, the most appropriate and hence successful thinning method was proved to be the free crown thinning, which is also recommended for management of beech forests from the aspect of silvicultural wood quality.
The Impacts of Three Common Mesopredators on the Reintroduced Population of Eastern Wild Turkeys in Texas

ii DEDICATION . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF TABLES . ix 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 2 COMPLEX SPATIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEEN MESOPREDATORS RESULT IN A REDUCED THREAT TO THE SURVIVAL OF WILD TURKEY NESTS IN EAST TEXAS . 9 Summary . 9 Introduction . 10 Study area . 16 Methods . 19 Results . 31 Discussion . 63 Management Recommendations . 77 3 PREY SELECTION BY THREE MESOPREDATORS THAT ARE THOUGHT TO PREY ON EASTERN WILD TURKEYS (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO SYLVESTRIS) IN THE PINEYWOODS OF EAST TEXAS . 78 Summary . 78 Introduction . 80 Study area . 84 Methods . 87 Results . 101 Discussion . 138 Management Implications . 150
An assessment of digital elevation models and their ability to capture geomorphic and hydrologic properties at the catchment scale*

Digital elevation model (DEM) data quality is paramount for accurate representation of the land surface and drainage network. This issue was investigated within a small agricultural catchment in the Upper Hunter Valley region of New South Wales, Australia for a DEM created by use of a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and a 25 m DEM from the New South Wales Government's land mapping authority, Land and Property Information (LPI). A hierarchical scaling approach was used to investigate the effect of increasing DEM grid size on a number of geomorphic and hydrologic descriptors (i.e. area–slope relationship, cumulative area distribution, hypsometric curve, width function, Strahler stream order and stream network statistics), as well as addressing the issue of source data accuracy. Results of qualitative and quantitative assessments indicate that as DEM grid size increased, average slope gradients decreased and the drainage network became increasingly simplified. Geomorphic descriptors such as the width function, cumulative area distribution and hypsometric curve appear largely insensitive to DEM scale. The area–slope relationship loses definition in the diffusive region of the curve at large grid scales; however, the fluvial region appears largely insensitive to changes in DEM resolution. A comparison of long-term field soil moisture data with wetness indices derived from DEMs clearly demonstrates that high resolution DEM data are needed to model soil moisture distribution. A 5 m DEM was found to have the minimum resolution required for the current study site in order to accurately capture catchment geomorphology and hydrology and to model the spatial distribution of soil moisture.
Does Executive Character, Independent Commissioner, and Fixed Assets Intensity Effected Tax Aggressiveness With Earnings Management as Role Moderated: Panel Data Regression Analysis

This research has been conducted by means of determining the Effect of Executive Character, Independent Commissioner, and Fixed Assets. In this case of the research, the aggressive speed of Tax Intensity and Earning Management have been taken part as variables that have moderating role in several pharmaceutical business companies that officially listed along the last 5 years periode of time-it is 2016-2020-on official Stocl Exchange of Indonesia website (IDX). The reasearcher has applied purposive sampling technique to opt the 8 pharmaceutical business companies to represent the existed total population by means of obtaining secondary data. Besides, the data panel regression has been avail oneself of conducting the process of data analysis. As the results, there have been found that The Character of the Executive and Independent Commissioner has shown negative and not noteworthy effect towards the term of Aggressiveness of Tax. However, another finding that can be explained is, The Fixed Assets Intensity provides a definite and noteworthy effect towards the Tax Aggressiveness Move. Furthermore, as the results that have been showed, through Moderation Test, it can be explained that the Earnings Management is unable to opt its position as an encourage variable that probably uplift or enfeeble the existing both relationship between Executive Character,and the Intensity of Fixed Assets towards the move of Tax Aggressiveness.
Shear-wave splitting in cross-hole seismology and channel waves in anisotropic waveguides

Seismic wave propagation through cracked and anisotropic media is studied using synthetic seismograms at subsurface geophones. Synthetic seismograms are calculated for three different models: shear-wave splitting in cross-hole surveys; an examination of internal interfaces on shear-wave polarizations; and modelling channel waves in anisotropic waveguides. All these studies are directly or indirectly related to subsurface observations in borehole seismology. Firstly, the synthetic modelling of shear-wave splitting in cross-hole surveys has demonstrated that vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) are more useful and informative than cross-hole surveys for estimating azimuths, dips, and aspect ratios of near-vertically aligned fluid-filled cracks (EDA-cracks) from shear-wave data. The modelling of a small field data set further supports this conclusion. Secondly, the study of shear-wave propagation at internal interfaces has shown that both reflected and transmitted shear-waves may be distorted. The distortion is, however, much more severe for reflection than for transmission. In the presence of anisotropy, the interfaces will only alter the polarization patterns of the shear-waves, and will not alter the (first) initial motions of shear-wave onsets since they are controlled by the symmetry of the anisotropy (the orientation of EDA-cracks). The effect of anisotropy on amplitude-versus-offset is also