Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active packaging based on tilapia skin gelatin added with lemon basil leaf extract

Active packaging can actively change the condition of the packaged food by optimizing its ability to maintain the product. Edible film is easily digested and has zero waste. Gelatin can form a flexible and strong film. The high amino acids in gelatin can increase its ability to form a gel. Tilapia skin (Oreochromis niloticus) contains high protein. It is a suitable material to be developed into edible films and active packaging by adding lemon basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) as antioxidants and antimicrobials. This study aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of basil leaf extract on the physical, mechanical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of the gelatin-based edible film of tilapia skin. The treatment used different concentrations of lemon basil leaf extract; 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%. The tests include thickness, solubility, tensile strength and elongation, moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), antibacterial activity, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that adding lemon basil leaf extract significantly affects the value of solubility, tensile strength, elongation, moisture content, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant activity but was not significantly different on the thickness and WVP parameters.
Comparative analysis of image quality parameters and spatial resolution of three Small Animal PET scanner in Brazil

This study evaluated Image Quality (IQ) parameters and spatial resolution (SR) of Triumph® LabPET systems installed in three different Brazilian preclinical molecular imaging centers. A comprehensive evaluation of the PET scanner intrinsic parameters is important to optimize the acquired images, providing more reliable qualitative and quantitative analyses. Experiments were carried out at the centers: C1 - Molecular Imaging Laboratory of the CDTN/CNEN; C2 - Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine of HCFMUSP; C3 - Preclinical Research Center of the Brain Institute at PUC-RS. IQ phantom PET images were acquired as recommended in NEMA NU 4-2008 standard. Image reconstructions were performed in each system using the same reconstruction protocol. Data was processed using PMOD® software. The IQ parameters: (i) uniformity, (ii) spill-over ratio (SOR) and (iii) recovery coefficients (RC) were evaluated and compared. For Uniformity test, the percentage standard deviations of mean activity concentration were 7.8%; 7.3% and 6.4% for Centers 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Cold chambers RSO values in the systems 1, 2 and 3 were respectively 0.16, 0.19 and 0.21 for water; 0.26; 0.28 and 0.30 for air. The RC’s for rod diameters from 1 to 5 mm ranged from 0.08 to 0.91 for the three centers. Results revealed that the three PET systems have appropriate quality parameters for pre-clinical studies, presenting values compatible with international standards. This study was able to reveals the performance of preclinical PET system of different Brazilian imaging centers and may support the standardization of a National Quality Control Program for Small Animal PET scanners.
Let’s intervene: How platforms can combine media literacy and self-efficacy to fight fake news

In light of concerns over the spread of so-called “fake news” on social media, organizations, and policymakers have increasingly sought to identify tools that can be used to stem the dissemination of misinformation and disinformation. Some evidence suggests that brief media literacy interventions might serve as an important means of helping social media users discern between “real” and “fake” news headlines. However, empirical research indicates that these effects tend to be relatively modest in magnitude. To that end, this study explored the degree to which epistemic self-efficacy beliefs may be able to positively “boost” media literacy interventions. Specifically, we used a series of 2 × 2 experiments to test the contention that the combinatory effects of epistemic self-efficacy and media literacy interventions will better equip users with the resources necessary to discern between disinformation and objectively produced news content. The results failed to indicate the presence of combinatory effects. We did, however, find initial evidence that epistemic self-efficacy beliefs may be importantly associated with the ability to properly classify both fake and mainstream news content.
TEACHER PERSPECTIVES ON AI-DRIVEN GAMIFICATION: IMPACT ON STUDENT MOTIVATION, ENGAGEMENT, AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

This study delves into the insights and experiences of teachers regarding the influence of AI-driven gamification on student motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes. Through qualitative research methods, teacher perspectives are explored to unravel the multifaceted aspects of AI-enhanced gamification within educational settings. The study identifies several significant themes, including positive perceptions of AI-driven gamification, challenges in implementation, elevated motivation and engagement, enhanced learning experiences, improved learning outcomes, and the complexities of assessing long-term effects. The findings underscore the transformative potential of AI-driven gamification, as educators highlight its ability to create democratic, effective, and transformative learning environments. Nevertheless, the study also uncovers challenges related to professional development, technical glitches, and curriculum alignment in the implementation of this innovative approach. Moreover, the study reveals a resounding consensus among teachers regarding the positive impact of AI-driven gamification on student motivation, participation, and learning experiences. Teachers emphasize how AI-driven gamification can turn ordinary learning into enjoyable and meaningful journeys, offering students autonomy and real-time feedback. Furthermore, teachers believe that AI-driven gamification contributes to improved learning outcomes, fostering a deeper understanding of subject matter, knowledge retention, and enhanced problem-solving skills. Despite these short-term gains, teachers acknowledge the need for longitudinal studies to comprehensively assess the long-term effects of AI-driven gamification on learning outcomes.
Birds of Gujarat University Campus, Ahmedabad

© Zoo Outreach Organisation; www.zoosprint. org Manuscript 1134a; Received 02 February 2004; Revised received 12 October 2004; Finally accepted 11 September 2005; Dat e of publication 21 November 2005 2111 Urban biodiversity has received very little attention from conservation biologists as compared to natural and protected ecosystems (Jules, 1997; Vandermeer, 1997). Patvarthan et al. (2000) have identified educational and defense premises as hotspots for urban biodiversity. Although educational premises occupy less than 5% of the total urban area, such areas may harbour up to half the biodiversity of the urban biota (Patvarthan et al., 2000).
In Female Diabetic Rats, Cerebral Micro Vascular Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) Contributes to Vascular Injury Following a Stroke

After a stroke, diabetes makes Hemorrhagic Transformation (HT) worse and affects clinical outcomes. Diabetes in women increases the likelihood of stroke and has a negative impact on recovery. HT in male rats is mediated by activation of Matrix Metalloprotease 3 (MMP3) in hyperglycemic conditions, as we have demonstrated. The purpose of the current study was to test the hypotheses that, in light of our recent findings those diabetic female rats develop greater HT: 1) Cerebral microvascular MMP3 actuation adds to poor utilitarian results and expanded hemorrhagic changes (HT) after ischemic stroke, and 2) MMP3 restraint can work on practical results in female diabetic rodents. Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) was performed for 60 minutes on diabetic and control wistar female rats. A single dose of an MMP3 inhibitor (UK356618 ) was administered to diabetic animals in one cohort. 15 mg/kg or automobile following reperfusion. Brain tissue was tested for neurobehavioral outcomes, brain infarct size, edema, HT, and MMPs. Day 3 after a stroke, diabetic rats had significant neurological impairments. Both the micro and macro vessels of diabetic animals showed significant increases in MMP3 expression and enzyme activity. Brain edema and HT scores were both reduced and functional outcomes were improved by MMP3 inhibition. All in all, cerebral endothelial MMP3 actuation to vascular injury in female diabetic rodents. MMP3 is identified as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic stroke by our findings.
Resilience through Recreation: How College Students’ Recreational Behavior at a Hispanic-serving Institution in New York City Mediated Negative Emotions after the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The well-being needs of college students have increased in recent years and were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among students of color living in urban environments such as New York City. This qualitative study explored how COVID-19 influenced recreational behavior of college students at a Hispanic-serving institution in New York City after the first year of the pandemic through the lens of the Social Determinants of Health. Findings indicated that participants experienced increased stress and anxiety due to the pandemic, barriers and influences on their recreational behavior, and how they experienced resilience through their recreational behavior. Higher education administrators could utilize these findings in providing an improved response to acute health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic through additional support and outreach services to their students.Keywords: Recreation, Social Determinants of Health, COVID-19, Student Affairs, Higher Education
Total peptide content and amino acid profile of fermented shrimp (Litopenaeus
vannamei) sausage

Hypertension can be prevented by bioactive containing food such as shrimp. Food value can be increased through fermentation. During the process of fermentation, microbes and enzymes will break down proteins into peptides and amino acids, making the foods easier to digest in the body. This study aimed to determine the fermentation effect on shrimp sausage's peptide and amino acid content. An experimental study with a completely randomized design, involving the treatment of 4 levels of fermentation duration as control, was carried out three times. Fermentation was conducted spontaneously with a salt concentration of 1.2%, smoking at 50oC for 3 hrs, and a fermentation temperature of 35oC. The parameters measured were peptide content and amino acid profile using the Ophtaldehyde (OPA) and HPLC methods. The peptide content data statistical analysis used the One Way ANOVA and continued with the post hoc test. Amino acid profile data are further presented descriptively. There is an influence between the fermentation duration and the peptide content in the product (p≤0.05), and 15 types of amino acids were obtained in fermented shrimp sausage. According to this study, the third day of fermentation is the most efficient time for generating peptides and amino acids in shrimp sausage, with glutamate being the highest amount of amino acid produced throughout fermentation. Fermentation process and duration had effect on shrimp sausage's peptide and amino acid content.
Estudio biomecánico y morfofuncional del esqueleto apendicular de Homalodotherium Flower 1873 (Mammalia, Notoungulata)

Abstract Biomechanical and morphofunctional study of the appendicular skeleton of Homalodotherium Flower 1873 (Mammalia, Notoungulata). Homalodotherium (Santacrucian- Friasian; early Miocene) is the best represented genus of the Family Homalodotheriidae (Notoungulata). It was proposed as a digging form, browser on trees in food habits, and with potential for adopting bipedal posture. The appendicular skeleton is studied morphometrical and biomechanically, considering proportions, principal bone accidents, and muscular insertions, comparing with extant mammals. Bone elements of the appendicular skeleton are described, the musculature reconstructed, and 10 morphometric measurements used for calculating eight functional indices. Indices include deltoid proportion and epicondilar development of the humerus, ulnar robustness and olecranon proportion, femoral and tibial robustness, and distal extension of the fore and hind limbs. The forelimb preponderates force development in humeral flexion and protraction of the limb, but it can develop speed movements in the distal portion of the limb. The hindlimb lies upon the lateral side of the autopodium, and has an important development of force for body support and ankle stabilization (flexion and adduction of the femur, limb flexion, extension of the pelvic girdle, zeugopodium flexion, and extension, inversion and reversion of the autopodium). Homalodotherium would be able of adopting a bipedal posture. An arboreal browser habit is supported, but digging habit is discarded. Possibility of speed flexion of the zeugopodium could indicate a use of the forelimb for defence.
Telomere Dynamics in Livestock

Simple Summary Short repeated sequences of DNA at the end of chromosomes are called telomeres; these help to maintain the chromosome structure. During normal cell replication, some of the sequences are lost; therefore, the length of telomeres may be associated with the aging of the overall animal. Longevity in livestock is difficult to measure and improve; however, telomere dynamics may represent an opportunity to monitor or influence longevity. Beginning in the 1990s, livestock clones were studied with respect to the change in telomeres because cloned DNA was often from a mature animal and, therefore, might have shorter telomeres associated with age. However, results differed by the species and cell type used to produce the clones. Telomere dynamics have been best characterized in dairy cows, pigs, and horses. In general, older animals have shorter telomeres, and stress imposed upon animals results in shorter telomeres; however, exceptions have been observed to both generalities. Attrition and other telomeric characteristics have been less well described in beef cattle, goats, and sheep. Longevity is measured uniquely and differs for species and production systems within the same species; therefore, it is appropriate to encourage the telomere-longevity correspondence in each. Abstract Telomeres are repeated sequences of nucleotides at the end of chromosomes. They deteriorate across mitotic divisions of a cell. In Homo sapiens this process of lifetime reduction has been shown to correspond with aspects of organismal aging and exposure to stress or other insults. The early impetus to characterize telomere dynamics in livestock related to the concern that aged donor DNA would result in earlier cell senescence and overall aging in cloned animals. Telomere length investigations in dairy cows included breed effects, estimates of additive genetic control (heritability 0.12 to 0.46), and effects of external stressors on telomere degradation across animal life. Evaluation of telomeres with respect to aging has also been conducted in pigs and horses, and there are fewer reports of telomere biology in beef cattle, sheep, and goats. There were minimal associations of telomere length with animal productivity measures. Most, but not all, work in livestock has documented an inverse relationship between peripheral blood cell telomere length and age; that is, a longer telomere length was associated with younger age. Because livestock longevity affects productivity and profitability, the role of tissue-specific telomere attrition in aging may present alternative improvement strategies for genetic improvement while also providing translational biomedical knowledge.
Modeling Farmland Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Eastern China:Spatio-Temporal Pattern

Eastern China is the most developed region and main area of food production.An evaluation on the changes of soil organic carbon(SOC) in this region is of great importance to insure national food security and to make regional sustainable development.By linking a soil organic carbon model developed by the authors to GIS database,the changes of SOC in eastern China was simulated from 1980 to 2000.Model estimates indicated that SOC increased in general over the 20 years.The acreage of SOC increase,balance and decrease accounts for 89.3%,9.5% and 1.2% of the total arable area,respectively.Rapid increase occurred from 1980 to 1985 and higher increase rates appeared during 1985 and 1991.The annual increase rate decreased after 1991.An overall increase was estimated to be 166 Tg,ranging from 140 Tg to 193 Tg over the 20 years.The quantity of SOC increased in the provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu accounts for 59.3% of the total,and that in the provinces of Fujian,Jiangxi and Zhejiang and Shanghai City accounts for 40.7%.
Estimating the Transmission Kernel for Lumpy Skin Disease Virus from Data on Outbreaks in Thailand in 2021

Nationwide outbreaks of lumpy skin disease (LSD) were observed in Thailand in 2021. A better understanding of its disease transmission is crucial. This study utilized a kernel-based approach to characterize the transmission of LSD between cattle herds. Outbreak data from the Khon Kaen and Lamphun provinces in Thailand were used to estimate transmission kernels for each province. The results showed that the majority of herd-to-herd transmission occurs over short distances. For Khon Kaen, the median transmission distance from the donor herd was estimated to be between 0.3 and 0.8 km, while for Lamphun, it ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 km. The results imply the critical role that insects may play as vectors in the transmission of LSD within the two study areas. This is the first study to estimate transmission kernels from data on LSD outbreaks in Thailand. The findings from this study offer valuable insights into the spatial transmission of this disease, which will be useful in developing prevention and control strategies.
Stress estimates for the San Fernando, California, earthquake of February 9, 1971: Main event and thirteen aftershocks

The strong earthquake ground motion recorded in the center of and above the fault plane is combined with field evidence of faulting and instrumental studies of aftershocks to deduce stresses during and after the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971. Stress computations based on Brune's near-field, shear-wave spectra, peak velocity of ground motion, energy calculated from the strong-motion record, and a model of circular dislocation give mutually consistent stress estimates, which suggest that the effective stress operating during the earthquake was approximately 100 bars, while during the earthquake it dropped several tens of bars. The energy of the main event is estimated to be 1022 dyne cm. Thirteen aftershocks, recorded during the first 6 min, were associated with stress drops ranging from 10 to 500 bars, these events clustering along the north-eastern end of the dislocation surface. The strong-motion accelerograms provide invaluable data for detailed investigations of the pattern of earthquake energy release during and immediately after an earthquake. Used for the first time in this study, strong-motion accelerograms gave an excellent picture of stress history and migration of seismic activity during the first 6 min.
Multi‐model ensemble prediction of terrestrial evapotranspiration across north China using Bayesian model averaging

Using high‐quality dataset from 12 flux towers in north China, the performance of four evapotranspiration (ET) models and the multi‐model ensemble approaches including the simple averaging (SA) and Bayesian model average (BMA) were systematically evaluated in this study. The four models were the single‐layer Penman–Monteith (P–M) model, the two‐layer Shuttleworthe–Wallace (S–W) model, the advection–aridity (A–A) model, and a modified Priestley–Taylor (PT‐JPL). Based on the mean value of Taylor skill (S) and the regression slope between measured and simulated ET values across all sites, the order of overall performance of the individual models from the best to the worst were: S–W (0.88, 0.87), PT‐JPL (0.80, 1.17), P–M (0.63, 1.73) and A–A (0.60, 1.68) [statistics stated as (Taylor skill, regression slope)]. Here, all models used the same values of parameters, LAI and fractional vegetation cover as well as the forcing meteorological data. Thus, the differences in model performance were mainly attributed to errors in model structure. To the ensemble approach, the BMA method has the advantage of generating more skillful and reliable predictions than the SA scheme. However, successful implementation of BMA requires accurate estimates of its parameters, and some degradation in performance were observed when the BMA parameters generated from the training period were used for the validation period. Thus, it is necessary to explore the seasonal variations of the BMA parameters according the different growth stages. Finally, the optimal conditional density function of half‐hourly ET approximated well by the double‐exponential distribution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of random forest method for agricultural crop classification

Abstract This study aims to examine the performance of Random Forest (RF) and Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method to crop classification through pixel-based and parcel-based approaches. Analyses are performed on multispectral SPOT 5 image. First, the SPOT 5 image is classified using the classification methods in pixel-based manner. Next, the produced thematic maps are overlaid with the original agricultural parcels and the frequencies of the pixels within the parcels are computed. Then, the majority of the pixels are assigned as class label to the parcels. Results indicate that the overall accuracies of the parcel-based approach computed for the Random Forest method is 85.89%, which is about 8% better than the corresponding result of MLC.
Assessment of Geological Security and Integrated Assessment Geo‐environmental Suitability in Worst‐hit Areas in Wenchuan Quake

The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and geo‐hazards triggered by the earthquake caused large injuries and deaths as well as destructive damage for infrastructures like construction, traffic and electricity. It is urgent to select relatively secure areas for townships and cities constructed in high mountainous regions with high magnitude earthquakes. This paper presents the basic thoughts, evaluation indices and evaluation methods of geological security evaluation, water and land resources security demonstration and integrated assessments of geo‐environmental suitability for reconstruction in alp and ravine with high magnitude earthquakes, which are applied in the worst‐hit areas (12 counties). The integrated assessment shows that: (1) located in the Longmenshan fault zone, the evaluated area is of poor regional crust stability, in which the unstable and second unstable areas account for 79% of the total; (2) the geo‐hazards susceptibility is high in the evaluation area. The spots of geo‐hazards triggered by earthquake are mainly distributed along the active fault zone with higher distribution in the moderate and high mountains area, in which the areas of high and moderate susceptibility zoning accounts for 40.1% of the total; (3) geological security is poor in the evaluated area, in which the area of the unsuitable construction occupies 73.1%, whereas in the suitable construction area, the areas of geological security, second security and insecurity zoning account for 8.3%, 9.3% and 9.3% of the evaluated area respectively; (4) geo‐environmental suitability is poor in the evaluated area, in which the areas of suitability and basic suitability zoning account for 3.5% and 7.3% of the whole evaluation area.