Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Danish Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology’s clinical recommendations for colonoscopic surveillance for colorectal dysplasia and cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Objectives We aimed to produce clinical recommendations for colonoscopic surveillance for dysplasia and colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Materials and methods The Danish Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology convened a committee to assess the literature on colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases and the effectiveness of colonoscopy surveillance, according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine levels of evidence. Results Clinical recommendations for the colonoscopic surveillance for dysplasia and colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases were produced. These guidelines cover the risk stratification, entry, and follow-up of patients in the colonoscopy programme, the choice of image-enhanced colonoscopy modality, the investigation and treatment of lesions, and the management of special patient populations in the colonoscopy programme. Conclusions Colonoscopic surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease is thought to be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer-related mortality. Further evidence regarding the effectiveness of colonoscopic surveillance will contribute to understanding its role in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. The Danish Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology clinical guideline will aid gastroenterologists in the risk stratification of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and the management of colorectal lesions. Gastroenterologists must inform and support patients with inflammatory bowel disease to decide whether to participate in the colonoscopic surveillance programme.
A Novel Cognitive-Linguistic Approach to Addressing Developmental Reading Disorders:
A Pilot Study

609 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2018 Korean Academy of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology A Novel Cognitive-Linguistic Approach to Addressing Developmental Reading Disorders: A Pilot Study
microRNA-128-3p inhibits CD4+ regulatory T cells enrichment by targeting interleukin 16 in gastric cancer

ABSTRACT Previous studies have confirmed that microRNA (miR)-128-3p is expressed at low levels in gastric cancer (GC), and low miR-128-3p expression promotes the growth of GC cells. However, whether the dysregulation of miR-128-3p expression affects tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and leads to immune escape remains unclear. In the present study, predictive bioinformatics approaches showed that miR-128-3p expression was inversely correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte enrichment. When CD4 + T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were enriched, lower miR-128-3p expression was associated with worse overall survival. However, when numbers of CD8 + T cells were decreased, the upregulation of miR-128-3p expression had a favorable effect on GC prognosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and cell biology experiments revealed that interleukin 16 (IL16) was the target of miR-128-3p and was negatively regulated by miR-128-3p. In addition, GC cells were cocultured with T lymphocytes, and the subsequent flow cytometric analysis showed that overexpression of miR-128-3p in tumor cells decreased the percentages of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs by downregulating IL16 expression in GC, whereas miR-128-3p inhibition had the opposite effect. Moreover, the recombinant IL16 reversed the effects of miR-128-3p overexpression, and a competitive antibody against the IL16 receptor CD4 also reversed the effects of miR-128-3p knockdown. These studies identified the mechanism by which the miR-128-3p/IL16 axis promotes the infiltration of CD4+ Tregs in GC, and this mechanism will be a promising therapeutic target in GC immunotherapy.
miR-134-5p promotes inflammation and apoptosis of trophoblast cells via regulating FOXP2 transcription in gestational diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent and risky pregnant complication which warrants targeted therapy for restriction the inflammation and apoptosis of trophoblast cells. This study sought to analyze the aberrant expression and regulatory mechanism of microRNA (miR)-134-5p in GDM. The miR-134-5p expression in the serum of GDM patients and normal participants was detected via qRT-PCR, followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In vitro GDM cell model was established in the HTR-8/SVneo cells using 25 mmol/L glucose, followed by transfection with miR-134-5p inhibitor and si-Forkhead box p2(FOXP2). The miR-134-5p and FOXP2 expressions, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels, cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were determined by a combination of qRT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, and cell counting Kit-8, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry. The binding relationship between miR-134-5p and FOXP2 was predicted and verified. Our results revealed that miR-134-5p was increased in the serum of GDM patients and could serve as a critical diagnostic marker for GDM. Moreover, miR-134-5p was upregulated in the high glucose (HG)-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells. The miR-134-5p inhibition suppressed the inflammation and apoptosis of HG-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells. miR-134-5p inhibited FOXP2 expression. FOXP2 expression was decreased in GDM. FOXP2 inhibition attenuated the function of miR-134-5p in HG-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells. Overall, miR-134-5p inhibited the FOXP2 expression to facilitate the inflammation and apoptosis of trophoblast cells, thereby exacerbating GDM.
Perceived racial discrimination and mental distress in older Korean Americans: the moderating role of ethnic resources

ABSTRACT Objectives To examine associations among perceived racial discrimination, ethnic resources, and mental distress in older Korean Americans. Ethnic resources included ethnic identity (how closely individuals identify themselves with other members of the same ethnic background) and sense of community (individuals’ feelings of belonging to their ethnic group). We examined the direct effect of perceived racial discrimination and these ethnic resources, as well as their interactions, hypothesizing that mental distress associated with perceived racial discrimination would be reduced by ethnic resources. Design Using survey data from the Study of Older Korean Americans (N = 2,150), linear regression models of mental distress were examined for direct and interactive roles of perceived racial discrimination and ethnic resources. Results Mental distress was directly associated with perceived racial discrimination (B = 1.90, SE = .20, p < .001), ethnic identity (B = −.41, SE = .13, p < .01), and sense of community (B = −.45, SE = .12, p < .001). Perceived racial discrimination interacted significantly with sense of community (B = −1.86, SE = .28, p < .001). Subgroup analyses suggested that in the context of experiencing racial discrimination, a high sense of community can serve as a buffer against mental distress. Conclusions Ethnic resources are a benefit in coping with experiences of discrimination. The moderating role of sense of community suggests the value of fostering social capital in ethnic communities to protect and promote older immigrants’ mental health.
Association between soluble forms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and periodontal disease: a retrospective study

Objectives Periodontitis is the most common chronic disease that causes tooth loss and is related to systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. An objective indicator of the current activity of periodontitis is necessary. Soluble forms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) are markers that reflect the status of inflammatory diseases. In this study, the relationship between sRAGE and periodontitis was analyzed to determine whether it can be used to diagnose the current state of periodontitis. Patients and Methods Eighty-four patients without any systemic diseases were diagnosed with periodontitis using three classifications of periodontitis. Demographics and oral examination data such as plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) index, and probing pocket depth (PPD) were analyzed according to each classification. In addition, correlation and partial correlation between sRAGE and the values indicating periodontitis were analyzed. Results In each classification, the level of sRAGE tended to decrease if periodontitis was present or severe, but this change was not statistically significant. sRAGE and periodontitis-related variables exhibited a weak correlation, among which the BOP index showed a relatively strong negative correlation (ρ=–0.20). Based on this, on analyzing the correlation between the BOP index and sRAGE in the group with more severe periodontitis (PPD≥5 mm group, severe group of AAP/CDC [American Academy of Periodontology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention], periodontitis group of López), the correlation further increased (ρ=–0.23, –0.40, –0.50). Partial correlation analysis of the sRAGE and BOP index showed a stronger negative correlation (ρ=–0.36, –0.55, –0.45). Conclusion sRAGE demonstrated a tendency to decrease upon increased severity of periodontitis according to the classifications used. Above all, the correlation with the BOP index, which reflects the current state of periodontitis, was higher in the group with severe periodontitis. This indicates that the current status of periodontitis can be diagnosed through sRAGE.
The role of morphology in word naming in Spanish-speaking children

ABSTRACT The role of morphology in word recognition during reading acquisition in transparent orthographies is a subject that has received little attention. The goal of this study is to examine the variables affecting the fluency and accuracy for morphologically complex word reading across grade levels in Spanish. We conducted two word-naming experiments in which morphological complexity and word frequency were factorially manipulated. Experiment 1 was a cross-sectional study with 2nd-, 4th- and 6th-grade children as participants. In Experiment 2, a longitudinal study, a sample of the children in 2nd and 4th grades in Experiment 1 were retested with the same stimuli 2 years later in order to explore the evolution of morphology and frequency effects. Analyses of reading latencies and accuracy in both experiments showed that grade and frequency affected both reading fluency and accuracy. Morphology only affected fluency, irrespective of grade. In accordance with previous literature in Italian, we conclude that when learning to read in transparent orthographies, morphology mostly benefits reading fluency since accurate pronunciation can be achieved through grapheme-to-phoneme conversion rules.
Factors Affecting the Quality of Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy in Outpatient: A Prospective Observational Study

Colonoscopy is an effective method for screening colorectal cancer and adenoma, but the adenoma detection rate depends on the quality of bowel preparation. Our study investigates the influencing factors of the quality of bowel preparation before colonoscopy in outpatients and the influence of the number of walking steps on the quality of bowel preparation. We prospectively collected the clinical data of 150 outpatients undergoing colonoscopy in our department in 2019. Ordinal logistic regression shows that the overweight, not drinking, the number of walking steps before colonoscopy, and the time interval between start PEG and colonoscopy (4–6 hours) were independent factors affecting bowel preparation quality. There was a curving relationship between the reciprocal of Ottawa score and the number of walking steps before colonoscopy, and the regression equation is 1/ Ottawa score = −0.198 + 0.062 × ln steps (p = .035), a minimum of 5,270 walking steps before a colonoscopy is required for a high quality of bowel preparation.
Transcription factor-mediated intestinal metaplasia and the role of a shadow enhancer

Here, Singh et al. show extensive but selective recruitment of intestinal enhancers by CDX2 in gastric cells and that HNF4A-mediated ectopic CDX2 expression in the stomach occurs through a conserved shadow cis-element. These findings identify mechanisms for TF-driven intestinal metaplasia and a likely pathogenic TF hierarchy.
Radiotherapy Patterns of Care for Locally-advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Pre- and Post-durvalumab Era: A Region-wide Survey in a Japanese Prefecture

Abstract The promising results of the PACIFIC study led to the approval of consolidation durvalumab for coverage by the National Health Insurance (NHI) in 2018 for patients with locally-advanced unresectable non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). However, the effect of NHI coverage on the patterns of care for this population remains unclear. Here, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey to determine the patterns of care for patients with stage II–III NSCLC treated with definitive radiotherapy in 2017 (pre-durvalumab era) or in 2019 (post-durvalumab era). Data were obtained from 11 radiotherapy facilities in Gunma prefecture, which has a population of 1.94 million. We identified 80 and 83 patients with stage II–III NSCLC who received definitive radiotherapy in Gunma in 2017 and 2019, respectively. At a given facility, CCRT was the treatment of choice in a significantly greater proportion of patients in 2019 than in 2017 (66% ± 20% vs 51% ± 29%, P = 0.041). Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was more frequent in 2019 than in 2017 (24% vs 1.2%). Carboplatin plus paclitaxel was used for CCRT at higher rate in 2019 than in 2017 (73% vs 44%). Consolidation durvalumab was performed in 73% (40/55) of CCRT-treated patients in 2019, and the treatment was performed for the planned 12 months in 45% (18/40) of patients. These data indicate that NHI coverage of durvalumab might be a possible reason for choosing CCRT in patients with stage II–III NSCLC in the real-world setting.
Relationships between plasma expression levels of microRNA-146a and microRNA-132 in epileptic patients and their cognitive, mental and psychological disorders

ABSTRACT We aimed to explore the relationships between the plasma expression levels of microRNA (miR)-146a and miR-132 in epileptic patients and cognitive, mental and psychological disorders. Eighty epileptic patients and seventy healthy subjects as controls were evaluated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hamilton Anxiety Rating (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating (HAMD) scales, and plasma samples were collected. MiR-146a and miR-132 levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The total incidence rate of cognitive dysfunction, anxiety and depression in epilepsy group was 62.5%. Cognitive dysfunction was correlated positively with educational level, but negatively with disease course, duration and type of administration. The frequency and duration of seizures were positively correlated with anxiety. Depression was correlated negatively with educational level, whereas positively with course of disease and number of used drugs. Epileptic patients had significantly higher miR-146a and miR-132 levels than those of healthy controls. The miR-146a and miR-132 levels of patients with complications were significantly higher than those of cases without complications. Their expressions were correlated negatively with total MoCA scale score, but positively with type of complications. MiR-132 expression was positively correlated with the total scores of HAMA and HAMD scales. Plasma miR-146a and miR-132 expressions increased in epileptic patients, and miR-132 expression reflected the severity of epilepsy and predicted the risks of complications.
Social determinants associated with loss of an eye in the United States using the All of Us nationwide database

ABSTRACT Purpose To identify common factors associated with the loss of an eye using the NIH All of Us database. Methods In this case-controlled study, we extracted electronic health record and socio-demographic data for 231 cases of eye loss from All of Us enrollment sites. Controls (N = 924) matched the demographic characteristics of the 2020 United States Census. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression identified variables significantly associated with increased odds of eye loss. Outcome measures Medical and social determinants associated with increased odds of losing an eye. Results Among cases, the average age (standard deviation) was 60.1 (14.4) years. The majority (125, 54.1%) were male. 87 (37.7%) identified as African American, and 49 (21.2%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. Loss of eye was more likely in those with ocular tumor (odds ratio [OR] 421.73, 25 95% confidence interval [CI] 129.81–1959.80, p < .001), trauma (OR 13.38, 95% CI 6.64–27.43, p < .001), infection (OR 11.46, 95% CI 4.11–32.26, p = .001) or glaucoma (OR 8.33, 95% CI 4.43– 15.81, p < .001). African American (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.39–4.09, p = .002) and Hispanic or Latino (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.01–3.15, p = .04) participants were disproportionately affected. Conclusions Racial and ethnic disparities exist among those with loss of an eye from underlying conditions. Addressing health inequities may mitigate the risk of this morbid outcome.
Fibrosis‐4 Index as an Independent Predictor of Mortality and Liver‐Related Outcomes in NAFLD

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and its prevalence continues to rise. Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) has been shown to be a prognostic marker of liver‐related outcomes in patients with NAFLD. We analyzed data from TriNetX global federated research network, combining data on 30 million patients. Patients were categorized into three diagnostic groups: NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and at risk of NASH. Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality, and secondary outcomes included progression to NASH, development of cirrhosis, end‐stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation. A total of 442,277 subjects (1.5% of the cohort) were assessed, and 81,108 were retained for analysis. Median follow‐up was 34.8 months (interquartile range 12.2). FIB‐4 was < 1.3 in 52.3% patients and ≥ 2.67 in 11.4% patients. In multivariate analysis, FIB‐4 ≥ 2.67 was significantly and independently associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.20‐2.82, P < 0.001) as well as with progression to NASH (HR 5.78, 95% CI 4.72‐7.07, P < 0.001), cirrhosis (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.86‐2.24, P < 0.001), end‐stage liver disease (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.68‐2.05, P < 0.001), HCC (HR 3.66, 95% CI 2.71‐4.94, P < 0.001), and liver transplantation (HR 7.98, 95% CI 4.62‐13.79, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In a real‐world nationwide database, FIB‐4 ≥ 2.67 was a strong predictor of both all‐cause mortality and liver‐related adverse outcomes independently of the baseline diagnostic group and common risk factors. Our findings indicate that FIB‐4 could play a role as a risk‐stratification tool for a population health approach. Significant underdiagnosis of both NAFLD/NASH and NASH cirrhosis in electronic medical records was observed.
A comparison of spoken and signed lingua franca communication: the case of English as a lingua franca (ELF) and International Sign (IS)

Abstract This article explores similarities between English as a lingua franca (ELF) and International Sign (IS), two lingua franca phenomena which in the last decades have been subject to increasing, albeit independent, linguistic research. In contrast to spoken intercultural communication, in which English often represents a shared resource that speakers from different linguacultural backgrounds draw on, in the visual-gestural modality no specific sign language has yet gained such global reach. Instead, in many international contexts IS is used: a lingua franca that can be more or less conventionalized and that is not based on one particular sign language. IS use depends on the communicative situation, in which signers flexibly and creatively use different signs from natural sign languages as well as iconic elements and gestures. Despite overt formal differences between ELF and IS, when focusing on the actual communication process, rather than the forms that result from it, the two lingua franca phenomena share many similarities. In fact, both ELF and IS are variable communicative means that get situationally adapted by speakers and signers on the basis of different resources they have at their disposal. Similar discussions about the difficulty of conceptualizing ELF and IS, about the role of multilingual resources, and about interaction processes at play can thus be found in both ELF and IS literature. This insight opens up new possibilities for researchers in the two fields to mutually benefit from the study of lingua franca communication in the other modality, which prompts the need for a cross-modal collaboration between ELF and IS researchers.
Detecting Arabic Fake News Using Machine Learning

The rise of fake news has been the subject of several research studies in the last decade. This is due to the increasing number of Internet users and the simplicity in posting news over platforms and websites. Hence, researchers have been developing machine learning (ML) models to detect fake contents and warn readers. However, there is a limited number of Arabic fake news datasets in terms of articles and news sources. This paper aims at introducing the first large Arabic fake news corpus which consists of 606912 articles collected from 134 Arabic online news sources. An Arabic fact-check platform is used to annotate news sources as credible, not-credible, and undecided. Moreover, different ML algorithms are used for the detection task. Experiments show that deep learning models perform better than traditional ML models. Models training showed underfitting and overfitting problems which indicate that the corpus is noisy and challenging.