Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction of helium from individual interplanetary dust particles by step-heating

Fragments from 20 individual particles, collected in the Earth's stratosphere and believed to be interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), were obtained from NASA's Johnson Space Center collection and subjected to step-heating to see if differences in the release pattern for 4He could be observed which might provide clues to the origin of the particles. Comparisons were made to the release pattern for 18 individual lunar surface grains heated in the same manner. Twelve of the IDP fragments contained an appreciable amount of 4He, 50 percent of which was released by the time the particles were heated to approximately 630 °C. For the 18 individual lunar grains the corresponding average temperature was 660 °C. The 3He/4He ratios found for these fragments agreed well with those found for deep Pacific magnetic fines believed to be of extraterrestrial origin, and were comparable to those which have been observed for the solar wind and lunar surface soil grains. Four of the IDP fragments contained appreciably less 4He, and this was released at a higher temperature. The remaining four fragments had too little 4He to permit a determination. From Flynn's analyses of the problem of the heating of IDPs in their descent in the atmosphere, the present results suggest that the parent IDPs of the 12 particles which contained an appreciable amount of 4He suffered very little heating in their descent and are likely of asteroidal origin, although one cannot rule out the possibility that at least some of them had a cometary origin and entered the earth's atmosphere at a grazing angle. Mineralogical and morphological studies on fragments companion to those used in the present investigation are under way. When these are completed, a more definite picture should emerge.
COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review on Cardiovascular Alterations, Immunity, and Therapeutics in Older Adults

Here, we present a review focusing on three relevant issues related to COVID-19 and its impact in older adults (60 years and older). SARS-CoV-2 infection starts in the respiratory system, but the development of systemic diseases accompanied by severe clinical manifestations has also been reported, with cardiovascular and immune system dysfunction being the major ones. Additionally, the presence of comorbidities and aging represent major risk factors for the severity and poor prognosis of the disease. Since aging-associated decline has been largely related to immune and cardiovascular alterations, we sought to investigate the consequences and the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies to understand the severity of the illness in this population. Understanding the effects of COVID-19 on both systems should translate into comprehensive and improved medical care for elderly COVID-19 patients, preventing cardiovascular as well as immunological alterations in this population. Approved therapies that contribute to the improvement of symptoms and a reduction in mortality, as well as new therapies in development, constitute an approach to managing these disorders. Among them, we describe antivirals, cytokine antagonists, cytokine signaling pathway inhibitors, and vaccines.
Illusion of Linearity in Geometry: Effect in Multiple-Choice Problems

The aim of this study was to examine if there is a difference in the performance on non-linear problems regarding age, gender, and solving situation, and whether the multiple-choice answer format influences students' thinking. A total of 112 students, aged 15–16 and 18–19, were asked to solve problems for which solutions based on proportionality were appropriate and others that were not, presented in multiple-choice format. One group of students solved non-linear problems that had an incorrect linear solution among five offered answers, and the other group solved non-linear problems that didn't have a linear solution among offered answers. Both groups also solved linear problems. All students solved linear problems very successfully. Older students' performance on non-linear problems was better than younger students' performance and the interaction between age and solving situation was also significant. There were no gender differences. The effect of solving situation was also significant. Students who didn't have an offered linear solution were more successful than students with offered linear solution in multiple-choice items. Students' solving methods underlying incorrect answers were also analyzed as well as how much they used drawing in the solving of problems.
Image‐based taxonomic classification of bulk insect biodiversity samples using deep learning and domain adaptation

Complex bulk samples of insects from biodiversity surveys present a challenge for taxonomic identification, which could be overcome by high‐throughput imaging combined with machine learning for rapid classification of specimens. These procedures require that taxonomic labels from an existing source data set are used for model training and prediction of an unknown target sample. However, such transfer learning may be problematic for the study of new samples not previously encountered in an image set, for example, from unexplored ecosystems, and require methods of domain adaptation that reduce the differences in the feature distribution of the source and target domains (training and test sets). We assessed the efficiency of domain adaptation for family‐level classification of bulk samples of Coleoptera, as a critical first step in the characterization of biodiversity samples. Neural network models trained with images from a global database of Coleoptera were applied to a biodiversity sample from understudied forests in Cyprus as the target. Within‐dataset classification accuracy reached 98% and depended on the number and quality of training images, and on dataset complexity. The accuracy of between‐datasets predictions (across disparate source–target pairs that do not share any species or genera) was at most 82% and depended greatly on the standardization of the imaging procedure. An algorithm for domain adaptation, domain adversarial training of neural networks (DANN), significantly improved the prediction performance of models trained by non‐standardized, low‐quality images. Our findings demonstrate that existing databases can be used to train models and successfully classify images from unexplored biota, but the imaging conditions and classification algorithms need careful consideration.
Rural Redemption: A Model to Help Understand the Perspectives of Rural Americans Related to Vaccine Science

Abstract Rural communities are vital to the foundation of American agriculture and are currently disproportionately affected by health and environmental challenges that will require broad scientific solutions. Cooperative Extension professionals and agricultural communicators are increasingly tasked with communicating about the science surrounding these topics and need effective tools for determining strategic communication tactics to influence personal behaviors. The purpose of this study was to understand the role of community-based social marketing (CBSM) concepts and trust in science on rural Americans’ intentions and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. A hypothesized model was developed that included concepts of CBSM, trust in science, intentions, and attitudes all related to the COVID-19 vaccine. Results showed that CBSM principles had significant explanatory power for predicting intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. CBSM and trust in science were also significant predictors of rural Americans attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Implications for this study reveal a need for future research and practice related to communicating about science and vaccines to rural Americans while building community-based principles for increasing trust and advancing perceptions of science. Future research should determine the impact of CBSM and trust in science on the end-state behavior of receiving the vaccine. Additionally, Extension professionals and agricultural communicators should prioritize CBSM concepts when developing programming and messages related to health behaviors.
Estimating multiple treatment effects using two-phase semiparametric regression estimators

: We propose a semiparametric two-phase regression estimator with a semiparametric generalized propensity score estimator for estimating average treatment eﬀects in the presence of the ﬁrst-phase sampling. The proposed estimator can be easily extended to any number of treatments and does not rely on a prespeciﬁed form of the response or outcome func- tions. The proposed estimator is shown to reduce bias found in standard estimators that ignore the ﬁrst-phase sample design, and can have improved eﬃciency compared to the inverse propensity weighted estimators. Results from simulation studies and from an empirical study of NHANES are pre- sented.
A powerful local shear instability in weakly magnetized disks. I - Linear analysis. II - Nonlinear evolution

A broad class of astronomical accretion disks is presently shown to be dynamically unstable to axisymmetric disturbances in the presence of a weak magnetic field, an insight with consequently broad applicability to gaseous, differentially-rotating systems. In the first part of this work, a linear analysis is presented of the instability, which is local and extremely powerful; the maximum growth rate, which is of the order of the angular rotation velocity, is independent of the strength of the magnetic field. Fluid motions associated with the instability directly generate both poloidal and toroidal field components. In the second part of this investigation, the scaling relation between the instability's wavenumber and the Alfven velocity is demonstrated, and the independence of the maximum growth rate from magnetic field strength is confirmed. 25 refs.
Refocus on Immunogenic Characteristics of Convalescent COVID-19 Challenged by Prototype SARS-CoV-2

Background: Mass basic and booster immunization programs effectively contained the spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, also known as COVID-19. However, the emerging Variants of Concern (VOCs) of COVID-19 evade the immune protection of the vaccine and increase the risk of reinfection. Methods: Serum antibodies of 384 COVID-19 cases recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined. Correlations between clinical symptoms and antibodies against VOCs were analyzed. Result: All 384 cases (aged 43, range 1–90) were from 15 cities of Guangdong, China. The specific IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies could be detected within 4–6 weeks after infection. A broad cross-reaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, but not with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus was found. The titers of neutralization antibodies (NAbs) were significantly correlated with IgG (r = 0.667, p < 0.001), but showed poor neutralizing effects against VOCs. Age, fever, and hormone therapy were independent risk factors for NAbs titers reduction against VOCs. Conclusion: Humoral immunity antibodies from the original strain of COVID-19 showed weak neutralization effects against VOCs, and decreased neutralizing ability was associated with initial age, fever, and hormone therapy, which hindered the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine developed from the SARS-CoV-2 prototype virus.
Numerical Study on Process of Drag Reduction by Laser Plasma in Supersonic Vehicle

Interaction between laser plasma and bow shock wave in front of supersonic vehicle is analysized. Physical and mechanical model of laser plasma energy being deposited in supersonic fluid field is established and computational code is programmed. Process of drag reduction by laser plasma in supersonic vehicle is simulated numerically, and the mechanism of laser plasma reducing drag is disclosed. Simulated results are compared with relative references’, which agree well with each other. It is illuminated that drag reduction by laser plasma can be studied by the established model and code.
Human-system turn taking analysis for the let’s go bus information system

We examined turn-taking in the Let’s Go Bus spoken dialog data from two aspects: study the consequences of system barge-in when users are not finished speaking (false system barge-in, FSB); determine whether using a partial recognition result other than the final one produces better results. The consequence of FSBs is a less user-friendly system coupled with poor recognition caused by barge-ins, which divide one user turn into several fragments (UFs). We observed that UFs result in longer dialogs because the dialog manager has to recover from misrecognized utterances. Dialogs with UFs have 34 turns on average those without have 27. Poor recognition and long dialogs together cause lower task success rate. Dialogs with UFs have a success rate of 62% versus 84% for dialogs without. Moreover, we annotated the number of correct and incorrect slots for all partial recognitions. For 51% of the utterances, there exists a partial that contains more correct slots than the final recognition result. This will lead us to develop an algorithm to find the best partial. We conclude that systems that avoid FSB will have more efficient dialogs. They will also have better recognition by using the best partial instead of only the final one.
Analysis of conduction-controlled rewetting of a vertical surface

M. E. gawan, H. M. Temraz, and G. M. Zaki. The authors presented an analysis for the rewetting of a vertical slab assuming wet and dry regions only and a constant heat transfer coefficient. They also considered that conduction takes place only in a thin layer in the slab surface for large Peclet numbers. However this is accepted if Region V is small compared to the slab half thickness, 8. The boundary condition that 0 —• 0 as y —• °° (equation (37)) does not guarantee that the temperature gradient is zero at y = 8 as required by symmetry unless Region V is very small compared to 8. However, Thompson showed that Region V may reach 40 percent of 8 and dependence on the initial temperature.
Extraction of Anthocyanins from Black Grape By-Products and Improving Their Stability Using Cobalt(II) Complexation

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cobalt complexation on the spectral properties of anthocyanins (AC) extracted from black grape pomace (Black Magic) and the effect of complexation on the pH stability of AC during storage. Initially, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate aqueous solution was complexed with AC crude extract and diluted separately in buffer solutions with different pH (3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5). Afterward, spectral changes were determined spectrophotometrically. pH stability was investigated using the same buffer solutions and stored for 7 days in the dark at room temperature, and the absorbance of each solution was measured daily using a spectrophotometer. Results indicated that complexation caused similar hypsochromic and hyperchromic shifts in λmax at all pH values. With regard to pH stability, the degradation of complexed AC followed first-order reaction kinetics causing half-lives to increase up to 80-fold as compared with noncomplexed AC, which was due to the sharp decrease in K (per day), indicating an improved pH stability as compared with noncomplexed AC. Therefore, Co(II) could be used in the stabilization of grape AC for the coloration of a wide range of foods and food products at near-neutral pH environments considering the health benefits of grape AC and the maximum nontoxic dose of Co(II) salt.
Implementation of Senior High School History Curriculum: A focus on teaching methodology and resources

Abstract The study looked at how the history curriculum was implemented in senior high schools in the Asuogyaman District of Ghana. The research used a mixed-methods research strategy, particularly the convergent design. The cluster sampling technique, proportional allocation and simple random sampling technique were used to choose a sample size of 200 Form 2 history students and censused 5 history teachers from four public senior high schools in the district. For the students, a 28-item questionnaire was used for data collection. The teachers were interviewed and their lesson delivery was observed. The qualitative data was organized into narrative themes, whilst the quantitative data were analyzed using means and standard deviations. The quantitative data was integrated with the qualitative data throughout the data integration process. From the findings, history teachers frequently used discussion, lecture, and question and answer methods of instruction. The teaching and learning aids used were supplementary textbooks and wall maps. The findings of this study point to the need to improve history teaching. As a result, head teachers of schools should encourage their teachers to lay emphasis more on the use of learner-centred teaching methods. Again, Ministry of Education should provide adequate instructional resources, especially audio and audio-visual resources to the schools.
Interferon gamma production by regulatory T cells is required for response to cancer immunotherapy

We have shown that murine regulatory T cells (Tregs) produce the cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ) during anti-PD1 immunotherapy and that IFNγ-driven Treg dysfunction is necessary for tumor clearance by anti-PD1. However, it is unknown how Treg production of IFNγ dictates response to cancer immunotherapy. It has been shown that IL12-induced production of IFNγ is required for response to anti-PD1 therapy. However, it has yet to be determined whether Tregs are a key responder to IL12. Thus, elucidating the interplay of IL12, IFNγ and Tregs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for understanding the mechanistic events required for response to immunotherapy. Our lab has generated two novel murine models that allow for Treg-restricted deletion of Ifng (IfngL/LFoxp3Cre-YFP) or Il12rb2 (Il12rb2L/LFoxp3Cre-YFP). These murine models were used to assess the contribution of Treg-derived IFNγ and response to IL12 on the growth of various syngeneic tumor models and response to checkpoint blockade, vaccination and tumor-specific antibodies. Surprisingly, mice with Ifng-deficient Tregs were completely resistant to anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Preliminary experiments suggest that IFNγ production by Tregs is an early requirement to produce an effector-like Treg state in order to mediate an effective anti-tumor response. Mice with Il12rb2-deficient Tregs had diminished therapeutic response to anti-PD1. These data suggest that IFNγ producing Tregs are required to shift the balance from an immunosuppressive TME to one that favors the reinvigoration of the anti-tumor response generated by cancer immunotherapies. Future studies will determine the mechanisms of resistance and whether IFNγ+ Tregs predict response to immunotherapy.
The Magnitude of Trade Misinvoicing and Resulting Revenue Loss in Pakistan

This study estimates the magnitude of trade misinvoicing in Pakistan with 21 of its developed trading partners in 52 major traded commodities during 1972–2013. We find that the total volume of trade misinvoicing for this period exceeds US$92.7 billion. The gross revenue loss borne by the national exchequer due to trade misinvoicing is estimated at US$21.2 billion. Moreover, the total net revenue loss is an estimated US$11 billion in the form of evasion of customs duties and export withholding tax. The annual average net revenue loss due to trade misinvoicing is almost equivalent to 11.2 percent of the total revenue generated from customs tariffs. We also find that customs tariffs and the interest rate are positively associated with import under-invoicing, while improvements in the current account balance and political stability reduce the extent of import over-invoicing. Capital account openness is found to be insignificant in determining trade misinvoicing.
HYPERSURFACES IN NONCOMPACT COMPLEX GRASSMANNIANS OF RANK TWO

Consider a Riemannian manifold N equipped with an additional geometric structure, such as a Kahler structure or a quaternionic Kahler structure, and a hypersurface M in N. The geometric structure induces a decomposition of the tangent bundle TM of M into subbundles. A natural problem is to classify all hypersurfaces in N for which the second fundamental form of M preserves these subbundles. This problem is reasonably well understood for Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank one, but not for higher rank symmetric spaces. A general treatment of this problem for higher rank symmetric spaces is out of reach at present, and therefore it is desirable to understand this problem better in a few special cases. Due to some conceptual differences between symmetric spaces of compact type and of noncompact type it appears that one needs to consider these two cases separately. In this paper we investigate this problem for the rank two symmetric space SU2, m/S(U2Um) of noncompact type.
Implementasi Termometer Non Kontak Digital Berbasis Internet Of Things Untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19

Saat ini dunia kesehatan sedang digemparkan dengan penemuan virus jenis baru yakni 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Virus corona mudah menyebar secara contagious. Oleh karena itu, untuk mencegahnya harus melakukan social distancing tidak bersentuhan secara langsung dan isolasi untuk mencegah penularan virus ini. Gejala dari penderita Covid-19 salah satunya yaitu suhu badan yang tinggi >38oC. Sehingga perlu pengecekan suhu secara berkala tanpa bersentuhan langsung (non contact). Â Ditemukan sebuah riset terkait sistem termometer non kontak digital, hanya saja belum menggunakan aplikasi android. Oleh kerena itu, penulis membuat Implementasi Termometer Non Kontak Digital Berbasis Internet Of Things. Dalam penelitian ini penulis merancang termometer untuk suhu tubuh tinggi menggunakan sensor MLX90614 dengan mikrokontroler Node MCU ESP8266, LCD 16x2 sebagai output tampilan, dan buzzer untuk peringatan. Hasil dari pengujian rancang bangun sisem ini dihasilkan untuk hasil pengujian pembacaan akurasi RFID didapat 100% akurat. Hal ini menunjukkan, bahwa RFID berfungsi dengan baik dari hasil yang didapat tepat dengan tingkat akurasi 100%. Hasil komparasi yang dilakukan untuk pembacaan sensor MLX90614 dengan pembacaan termometer inframerah didapat yaitu dengan perhitungan persentase error terdapat 0.5% yang artinya sensor berjalan dengan baik. Hasil data pengujian didapat rata-rata delay dari data keseluruhan yaitu 0.07 s. Sedangkan hasil pengujian throughput didapat nilai rata-rata throughput keseluruhan yaitu 21296.43 kbps.Kata Kunciâ€” Covid-19, Termometer Inframerah, sensor MLX90614, Internet ofÂ Things
Positronium formation in positron-atom collisions at intermediate energies

The formation of ground-state positronium in collisions of positrons with hydrogen and helium atoms is considered within the distorted-wave Born approximation. In particular the authors analyse the eikonal and continuum-distorted-wave models in both their post and prior forms. Differential and total cross sections are calculated over a broad range of intermediate energies extending from 40 to 500 eV. The results confirm that the total cross section decreases rapidly with increasing energy, as predicted by the simple first Born approximation, and do not agree with experimental evidence of a slower decay. The computed total cross sections for helium targets agree with those of the close-coupling model for energies above 100 eV. Below 100 eV the authors find a large post-prior discrepancy. The calculated differential cross sections show evidence of a Thomas peak at high energies for the CDW models but not for the eikonal models.