Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of body mobility on attention networks in school-aged prematurely born children: A controlled trial

School-aged prematurely born children (PC) have a higher risk of academic difficulties, which may be partly explained by attention difficulties. It has been suggested that children’s attentional performance might be influenced by their body posture and spontaneous body motion. The aim of this study (ClinicalTrials.gov – NCT 03125447) was to test the influence of three body mobility conditions on the three functions of attention (alertness, orienting, and executive control) among school-aged PC vs. term-born children (TC). Notably, 21 PC and 21 TC performed the Attention Network Test for Children in three body mobility conditions, namely, sitting and standing imposed fixed postures and a free-to-move condition. The children’s median reaction times were compared between trials (1) with and without alerting cues, (2) with valid and invalid orienting cues, and (3) with and without distracting information, to calculate the performance of alertness, orienting, and executive control, respectively. Results showed that with distracting information, PC exhibited significantly slower responses in the standing-still posture than in the sitting-still posture (1,077 ± 240 vs. 1,175 ± 273 ms, p < 0.05), but not TC. No difference was observed with the free-to-move condition. PC and TC did not significantly differ in alertness or orienting, regardless of body mobility condition. These data suggest that PC must use executive resources to stand still and maintain position, which impairs their performance during executive tasks. We speculate that these results may be related to less developed postural control and motor inhibition in PC.
Anti-Trichomonas gallinae activity of essential oils and main compounds from Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plants

Trichomonas gallinae is a flagellated protozoan that parasitizes the upper digestive tract of various bird species and causes avian trichomonosis. The emergence of resistant strains to the standard treatment, based on nitroimidazoles, increases the need to find alternative therapies. In this study, 36 essential oils (EOs) from Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plant families were tested against T. gallinae trophozoites using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-)-2,5-dipheniltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Among them, EOs from distinct species of Lamiaceae, including the genera Lavandula, Salvia, Thymus, Origanum, and Satureja were the ones reporting better anti-trichomonal activity, and were selected for further analysis, including chemical composition and in vitro assays. The chemical composition of the selected EOs was determined by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry and 19 pure compounds were tested against the protozoa, according to their higher abundance in the active EOs. Pure compounds which displayed the highest activity against T. gallinae trophozoites, ordered by highest to lowest activity, were α and β-thujones, camphene, β-pinene, linalyl acetate, thymol, 4-terpineol, γ-terpinene, α-pinene, p-cymene, D-fenchone and β-caryophyllene. A dose dependent effect was observed in most of the EOs and pure compounds tested. The toxicity test conducted in eukaryotic cell cultures with the anti-trichomonal active pure compounds showed that β-caryophyllene, camphene, α-pinene, and β-pinene were slightly toxic for Vero cells, and the selectivity index was calculated. Based on the anti-trichomonal activity and the absence of cytotoxicity results, natural products from Lamiaceae plants could be useful as alternative therapy against avian trichomonosis, mainly those containing linalyl acetate, thymol, 4-terpinenol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene and D-fenchone.
Perception of work in the IT sector among men and women—A comparison between IT students and IT professionals

Lack of gender balance within STEM fields is caused by many complex factors, some of which are related to the fact that women do not perceive certain occupations as congruent with their career and personal goals. Although there is a large body of research regarding women in STEM, there is a gap concerning perception of occupations within different STEM industries. IT is a domain where skilled employees are constantly in demand. Even though the overall female representation in STEM fields is rising and that the IT industry is undertaking numerous interventions to attract women to careers in IT, the representation of women in this domain is still disappointingly low. Therefore, the goal of our study was to examine the possible differences among male and female IT and non-IT students and employees in terms of their perception of IT and other key factors influencing the feeling of aptness of IT as a potential sector one's career: goal congruence, sense of belonging and self-efficacy. In this paper we present the results of a study conducted in Poland among working IT professionals (N = 205) and IT students (N = 127) that we compare with individuals from non-IT sectors (N = 222 employees, 107 students). Our results showed significant gender differences between IT students and IT professionals. We found that communal goals are more important for IT employees than for IT students (both male and female) and that a sense of social belonging is stronger among female IT employees than among male IT employees and IT students. Women employed in IT also had the same level of sense of social belonging as women in non-IT group. These findings suggest that after entering IT positions, women's perception of the domain might become potentially more favorable and attuned with their needs. We also found that female IT students value agentic goals more than communal goals which was not the case for female IT employees. The results highlight the importance of investigating women's perception of the IT sector at different levels of career in terms of their goals and other work-related variables. Such lines of research will help develop more effective interventions in attracting women to enter the IT field.
Temperature dependence of frequency dispersion in III–V metal-oxide-semiconductor C-V and the capture/emission process of border traps

This paper presents a detailed investigation of the temperature dependence of frequency dispersion observed in capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements of III-V metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. The dispersion in the accumulation region of the capacitance data is found to change from 4%–9% (per decade frequency) to ∼0% when the temperature is reduced from 300 K to 4 K in a wide range of MOS capacitors with different gate dielectrics and III-V substrates. We show that such significant temperature dependence of C-V frequency dispersion cannot be due to the temperature dependence of channel electrostatics, i.e., carrier density and surface potential. We also show that the temperature dependence of frequency dispersion, and hence, the capture/emission process of border traps can be modeled by a combination of tunneling and a “temperature-activated” process described by a non-radiative multi-phonon model, instead of a widely believed single-step elastic tunneling process.
Direct prediction of steam cracking products from naphtha bulk properties: Application of the two sub-networks ANN

Steam cracking of naphtha is an important process for the production of olefins. Applying artificial intelligence helps achieve high-frequency real-time optimization strategy and process control. This work employs an artificial neural network (ANN) model with two sub-networks to simulate the naphtha steam cracking process. In the first feedstock composition ANN, the detailed feedstock compositions are determined from the limited naphtha bulk properties. In the second reactor ANN, the cracking product yields are predicted from the feedstock compositions and operating conditions. The combination of these two sub-networks has the ability to accurately and rapidly predict the product yields directly from naphtha bulk properties. Two different feedstock composition ANN strategies are proposed and compared. The results show that with the special design of dividing the output layer into five groups of PIONA, the prediction accuracy of product yields is significantly improved. The mean absolute error of 11 cracking products is 0.53wt% for 472 test sets. The comparison results show that this indirect feedstock composition ANN has lower product prediction errors, not just the reduction of the total error of the feedstock composition. The critical factor is ensuring that PIONA contents are equal to the actual values. The use of an indirect feedstock composition strategy is a means that can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the whole ANN model.
The effectiveness of a large protected area to conserve a global endemism hotspot may vanish in the face of climate and land-use changes

Endemic vertebrates are a crucial component of biodiversity, yet face disproportionally high extinction risk as climate and land-use changes drive habitat loss. Large protected areas are therefore deemed necessary to mitigate biodiversity loss. In 2021, China’s Giant Panda National Park (GPNP, 27,134 km2) was established in one of the global endemism hotspots. In this study we ask the question whether this large national park is able to conserve the many threatened endemic vertebrates occurring in the region in the face of climate and land-use changes, in order to assess the long-term effectiveness of the GPNP. We used species distribution modeling techniques to project the distributions of 40 threatened terrestrial (and freshwater) endemic vertebrates under land-use and climate change scenarios SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5 in 2081–2100, and assessed the extent to which their distributions are covered by the GPNP, now and in the future. We found that by 2081–2100, two thirds of the threatened endemic vertebrates are predicted to lose part (15–79%, N = 4) of or (nearly) their entire (80–100% loss, N = 23) range under all three climate and land-use change scenarios. Consequently, fewer species are predicted to occur in the GPNP than at present. Our findings confirm the high vulnerability of threatened endemic species to climate and land-use changes, despite protected areas. Habitat loss due to climate and land-use changes elevate extinction risk of species in endemism hotspots across the globe. Urgent, widespread and intensified mitigation measures and adaptation measures are required at a landscape scale for effective conservation efforts in the future.
Temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015)

Background Pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are well-established markers of cardiovascular risk. In this study, we aimed to assess the temporal trend and associated factors of PP and MAP in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods From the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015, a total of 11,123 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years were included. Stratified analyses and generalized estimating equation (GEE) were conducted to compare the trends of PP and MAP by age and sex over two decades, along with the calculation of average relative increase (ARI). Moreover, multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the associated factors of PP and MAP. Results During 1991–2015, upward trends were observed in both PP and MAP levels, with ARI of 0.30 and 0.34%, respectively. PP was higher in boys [PP1991 33.9 mmHg (95%CI, 33.40–34.33) to PP2015 35.4 mmHg (34.74–36.15)] than in girls [PP1991 33.3 mmHg (32.83–33.72) to PP2015 34.3 mmHg (33.59–34.99)]. PP was also higher in participants aged 13–17 years [PP1991 36.1 mmHg (35.63–36.62) to PP2015 38.3 mmHg (37.35–39.21)] than in those aged 7–12 years [PP1991 31.5 mmHg (31.09–31.88) to PP2015 33.7 mmHg (33.16–34.30)]. Similar results were found in MAP. Participants with high economic status, general obesity and central obesity, were more likely to have wider PP (βhigheconomicstatus = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.19–1.02; βgeneralobesity = 1.38, 0.87–1.89; βcentralobesity = 1.34, 0.70–1.97; all P-values < 0.001) and higher MAP (βhigheconomicstatus = 0.82, 0.38–1.26; βgeneralobesity = 2.88, 2.33–3.42; βcentralobesity = 3.14, 2.47–3.80; all P-values < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were positively correlated with PP (βBMI = 0.18, 0.13–0.24; βWC = 0.10, 0.08–0.12; both P-values < 0.001) and MAP (βBMI = 0.43, 0.37–0.49; βWC = 0.20, 0.18–0.22; both P-values < 0.001). In addition, rural setting and glucose level were positively associated with PP (both P < 0.05), while north region residency, uric acid, and total cholesterol were found to be positively associated with MAP (all P < 0.05). Conclusion PP and MAP levels have been increasing dramatically in Chinese children and adolescents over the last two decades. Age, sex, economic status, geographic factors, anthropometric and cardiometabolic factor were positively associated with PP and MAP in pediatric population.
Dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens in immobilization-induced hypersensitivity

Cast immobilization causes sensory hypersensitivity, which is also a symptom of neuropathic pain and chronic pain. However, the mechanisms underlying immobilization-induced hypersensitivity remain unclear. The present study investigated the role of dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) of rats with cast immobilization-induced mechanical hypersensitivity using in vivo microdialysis. Cast immobilization of the hind limb decreased the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT). Mechanical stimulation of the cast-immobilized hind limb induced a decrease in dopamine in the NAcSh, and this decrease was associated with the upregulation of presynaptic D2-like receptors. A D2-like receptor antagonist infused into the NAcSh reversed the decrease in PWT in rats with cast immobilization, whereas a D2-like receptor agonist infused into the NAcSh induced a decrease in PWT in control rats. In addition, the expression of the D2 receptor (Drd2) mRNA in the NAcSh was increased by cast immobilization. Importantly, systemic administration of the D2-like receptor antagonist reversed the decrease in PWT in rats with cast immobilization. As dopamine levels regulated by presynaptic D2-like receptors did not correlate with the PWT, it is presumed that the D2-like receptor antagonist or agonist acts on postsynaptic D2-like receptors. These results suggest that immobilization-induced mechanical hypersensitivity is attributable to the upregulation of postsynaptic D2-like receptors in the NAc. Blockade of D2-like receptors in the NAcSh is a potential therapeutic strategy for immobilization-induced hypersensitivity.
Euryale Small Auxin Up RNA62 promotes cell elongation and seed size by altering the distribution of indole-3-acetic acid under the light

Euryale (Euryale ferox Salisb.) is an aquatic crop used as both food and drug in Asia, but its utilization is seriously limited due to low yield. Previously, we hypothesized that Euryale small auxin up RNAs (EuSAURs) regulate seed size, but the underlying biological functions and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we observed that the hybrid Euryale lines (HL) generate larger seeds with higher indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations than those in the North Gordon Euryale (WT). Histological analysis suggested that a larger ovary in HL is attributed to longer cells around. Overexpression of EuSAUR62 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) resulted in larger glumes and grains and increased the length of glume cells. Immunofluorescence and protein interaction assays revealed that EuSAUR62 modulates IAA accumulation around the rice ovary by interacting with the rice PIN-FORMED 9, an auxin efflux carrier protein. Euryale basic region/leucine zipper 55 (EubZIP55), which was highly expressed in HL, directly binds to the EuSAUR62 promoter and activated the expression of EuSAUR62. Constant light increased the expression of both EubZIP55 and EuSAUR62 with auxin-mediated hook curvature in HL seedlings. Overall, we proposed that EuSAUR62 is a molecular bridge between light and IAA and plays a crucial role in regulating the size of the Euryale seed.
Destination image, nostalgic feeling, flow experience and agritourism: An empirical study of Yunling Tea Estate in Anxi, China

This study introduces destination image, nostalgic feeling, and flow experience into tea estate tourism and constructs a theoretical model that includes destination image, nostalgic feeling, flow experience, cultural identity, and tourists’ behavioral intention. Then, an empirical study is conducted with tourists at Yunling Tea Estate in Anxi, China. The results show that all hypotheses are supported except the hypothesis pertaining to the significance of the influence of flow experience on behavioral intention, which is not supported. The model includes eight mediating effects and one moderating effect that is influenced by cultural memory.
An online course about cosmetics improves skin care practices and skin health

Background The incidence of cosmetics-associated dermatoses is on the rise recently while the awareness and knowledge about proper utilization of cosmetics are insufficient in both the public and specialists due to limited education about cosmetics. Methods Our aim was to build and enhance the public's ability to select appropriate cosmetics, manage possible dermatoses and improve skin-care practices and skin health by offering access to medical information via free online courses. Consequently, we launched a massive open online course (MOOC), Appreciation and Analysis of Cosmetics. An online questionnaire was also sent to evaluate the effectiveness of the course. Results Nearly 540,000 learners were enrolled in the course since 2014. In the discussion forum, there were 8,383 posts and 73,014 replies in total, where learners were mostly concerned about topics of sun protection, cleansing and proper utilization of cosmetics in some skin diseases. 645 learners answered the questionnaire with 88.84% of the them changed skin care practices and 50.39% reported improvement in skin health. Moreover, participants who completed the course reported better understanding and utilization of cosmetics-related knowledge (p values < 0.05). 72.09% of respondents were willing to recommend this course to others. Conclusions Free online public courses are feasible for conducting public health education campaigns related to cosmetics and associated dermatology to lower the incidence of cosmetics-associated dermatoses.
Rhizosphere element circling, multifunctionality, aboveground productivity and trade-offs are better predicted by rhizosphere rare taxa

Microbes, especially abundant microbes in bulk soils, form multiple ecosystem functions, which is relatively well studied. However, the role of rhizosphere microbes, especially rhizosphere rare taxa vs. rhizosphere abundant taxa in regulating the element circling, multifunctionality, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and the trade-offs of multiple functions remains largely unknown. Here, we compared the multiple ecosystem functions, the structure and function of rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal subcommunities (locally rare, locally abundant, regionally rare, regionally abundant, and entire), and the role of subcommunities in the Zea mays and Sophora davidii sole and Z. mays/S. davidii intercropping ecosystems in subtropical China. Results showed that intercropping altered multiple ecosystem functions individually and simultaneously. Intercropped Z. mays significantly decreased the trade-off intensity compared to sole Z. mays, the trade-off intensity under intercropped S. davidii was significantly higher than under intercropped Z. mays. The beta diversities of bacterial and fungal communities, and fungal functions in each subcommunity significantly differed among groups. Network analysis showed intercropping increased the complexity and positive links of rare bacteria in Z. mays rhizosphere, but decreased the complexity and positive links of rare bacteria in S. davidii rhizosphere and the complexity and positive links of fungi in both intercropped plants rhizosphere. Mantel test showed significant changes in species of locally rare bacteria were most strongly related to nitrogen-cycling multifunctionality, ANPP and trade-offs intensity, significant changes in species of locally rare fungus were most strongly related to carbon-cycling multifunctionality, phosphorus-cycling multifunctionality, and average ecosystem multifunctionality. This research highlights the potential and role of rare rhizosphere microorganisms in predicting and regulating system functions, productivity, and trade-offs.
Primary hemostasis in fetal growth restricted neonates studied via PFA-100 in cord blood samples

Background Platelet function of fetal growth restricted (FGR) neonates remains a field of debate. Platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) offers a quantitative in vitro assessment of primary, platelet-related hemostasis. Our aim was to examine platelet function using PFA-100 in FGR neonates and associate our results with perinatal parameters. Methods PFA-100 was applied on 74 FGR neonates, 48 full-term (>37 weeks' gestation) and 26 preterm neonates (<37 weeks). The control group consisted of 118 healthy neonates. Two closure times (CTs) with COL/EPI and COL/ADP cartridges were determined on cord blood samples for each subject. Statistical analysis was performed by SAS 9.4. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05 and all tests were two-tailed. Results COL/EPI CTs were prolonged in FGR (median 132 s, IQR 95–181 s) compared with control neonates (median 112.5 s, IQR 93–145 s), p = 0.04. Median COL/EPI CT for term and preterm FGR neonates was 126 s (IQR 90–157 s) and 137 s (IQR 104–203), respectively (p = 0.001), and COL/ADP CT was 70 s (IQR 62–80 s) for term and 75 s (IQR 68–82 s) for preterm FGR neonates (p = 0.08). Among FGR neonates, COL/EPI CT was related with delivery time (with preterm neonates exhibiting prolonged COL/EPI CTs), p = 0.05. No correlation was proved between both CTs and hematological parameters in FGR neonates. Conclusion FGR neonates showed impaired platelet function via PFA-100, with preterm FGR neonates confronting the greatest risk. Prolonged COL/EPI CTs in FGR neonates seemed to be independent of hematological parameters and could warn for closer evaluation during the first days of their lives.