Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crustal constraints on the evolution of the continental divide of eastern Australia

The continental drainage divide of eastern Australia follows major negative Bouguer gravity anomalies for more than 3000 km. This relation indicates that there have been major crustal constraints on the evolution of the divide and that traditional explanations that were couched in terms only of stream capture or diversion during successive cycles of erosion are no longer tenable. Comparable evidence from elsewhere in Australia and the Appalachians of the United States suggests that many apparent anomalies in large-scale drainage patterns may be attributable to long-lasting or resurgent crustal influences.
Stratigraphic, isotopic, and mineralogical evidence for an early Holocene thaw unconformity at Mayo, Yukon Territory.

Ice-rich glaciolacustrine sediments near Mayo, Yukon Territory, reveal a thaw unconformity in the form of truncated ice wedges and abrupt changes in cryotexture. The unconformity has been radiocarbon dated at 8870 ± 200 years BP, which is within the Holocene period of optimal climatic conditions in northern Yukon and the Mackenzie Delta area reported by other workers. Analysis of the mineralogy of the sediments indicates that the material above the unconformity is enriched in minerals that are the products of a more intense weathering environment than those deeper in the profile. Oxygen-isotope ratios of ground ice in the sediments suggest the presence of two genetically distinct ice units above and below the unconformity. An average rate of upward permafrost growth in this area of 0.1–0.2 mm year−1 is calculated for the period since the climatic optimum.
The Stonehenge landscape: Analysing the Stonehenge World Heritage site

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Geophysical Case Study of Shallow and Deep Structures Based on Traditional and Modified Interpretation Methods: Application to Tectonic Studies and Mineral Exploration

The Schlumberger configuration used in geoelectrical sounding is slightly adapted here to obtain reliable data for both shallow and deep penetration depths from the same survey. In this configuration, two kinds of current electrode half-spacings are used: the first enables construction of vertical electrical resistivity sounding (VES) curves for shallow depths (<50 m), and the second for depths ≤250 m. For a given VES location, two field curves are measured and interpreted using two standard approaches. Practical characteristics of such a modified configuration are illustrated with two field applications in Syria. The first aims to characterize the structure of Quaternary and recent deposits in the Al-Ghab depression region, and the second deals with exploration for phosphatic sedimentary units in the Al-Sharquieh mine.
Balancing and variable reduction of firm bankruptcy data

Financial stress experienced by supply chain elements causes stress to all members. Predictive data mining is a common tool for predicting bankruptcy. Bankruptcy often involves highly imbalanced datasets with a large number of potential variables, with bankrupt firms being by far the minority case. This study uses data from four studies of firm bankruptcy and examines the impact of data balancing and variable selection on model accuracy. The models used are random forest and gradient boosting based on decision trees, logistic regression, neural networks, and support vector machines. Two machine learning methods are used to trim the number of variables. Stepwise regression and entropy from decision trees are used to generate reduced variable sets. The complexity parameter was used to set levels on number of variables using the entropy (decision tree) option. The impact of reducing variables is examined. Error metrics used were type I and type II error (sensitivity and specificity), overall average error (accuracy), and area under the recall curve (AuC). The average error of extreme gradient boosting and random forest models was found to be better than support vector machines, which had a slight advantage over logistic regression and neural networks. Variable reduction was found to lead to mixed results with respect to relative accuracy. Overall accuracy increased with slight reduction in the number of variables (using stepwise regression), but deteriorated as the number of variables was reduced to the smaller number of variables. The experiments into balancing found that unbalanced data had high error rates, which dropped a great deal with even 10 percent balancing, but balancing beyond 10 percent was found to provide little additional accuracy.
Compositional characteristics and spatial distribution of enriched Icelandic mantle components

We present compositional data on a suite of 18 primitive neovolcanic alkali basalts from three flank-zone regions in Iceland (Vestmannaeyjar in the south, Snaefell in the east, and Snaefellsnes in the west) that are peripheral to the main rift zones that are dominated by tholeiitic basalts. This study integrates He isotope data with radiogenic isotope data (Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf), stable isotope data (δ18O), and trace element data to characterize the compositional features of the trace element enriched components of the Icelandic mantle. We also present high-precision Pb isotope data on an additional 57 lava samples from the flank zones (including Oraefajokull in the SE) and the Northern and Eastern rift zones. Most Icelandic lavas have negative Δ207Pb (–4 to –1), with higher values (–1 to +4) found only in samples from Oraefajokull, Snaefell, and parts of the Reykjanes Peninsula. At Snaefell, this EM1-type component is characterized by a low δ18Oolivine signature (+4·1‰ to +4·6‰), moderate 206Pb/204Pb values (18·4–18·6) and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like 3He/4He (6·9–7·5 R/RA). Samples from Vestmannaeyjar and Snaefellsnes have mantle-like δ18Oolivine (+4·9‰ to +5·0‰), and radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb values (18·9–19·3) that fall on the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line for 208Pb/204Pb (Δ208Pb –5 to +5). Compared with the Vestmannaeyjar lavas, Snaefellsnes lavas have higher La/YbN (5–11 vs 3–5), lower eNd (5·5–6·5 vs 6·8–7·6) and lower 3He/4He (6·3–8·6 R/RA vs 11·4–13·5 R/RA). Therefore, the most trace element enriched components in the Icelandic mantle are not the carriers of the high 3He/4He values (>15 R/RA) found in some lavas on Iceland and the adjacent ridges, and instead are consistent with degassed, recycled components. Even after excluding the EM1-type high Δ207Pb samples, high-precision Pb isotope data produce a kinked array on a 206Pb/204Pb vs 208Pb/204Pb plot, which is not consistent with simple binary mixing between two end-members. This requires significant lateral heterogeneity within the Icelandic mantle and the presence of more than just two compositionally distinct local mixing end-member components. Samples from each of the main axial rift zones define different trends. Despite the tectonic continuity between the Northern Volcanic Zone and the Eastern Volcanic Zone, lavas from these two rift zones define separate sub-parallel linear arrays. Lavas from the adjacent Western Volcanic Zone and the Eastern Volcanic Zone define oblique linear arrays that converge on a common local end-member that is not involved in the magmatism of the Northern Volcanic Zone. Therefore, there is a distinct NE–SW compositional heterogeneity within the Icelandic mantle.
Trends in Wadden Sea Fish Fauna Part II: Dutch Demersal Fish Survey (DFS)

Shallow waters along the North Sea coast provide nursery areas for juveniles of several fish species, including commercially exploited species, and natural habitat for resident species and seasonal visitors. These areas have gone through major changes in the last decades due to climate change and human activities, which will likely result in changes in the abundance and species composition of the fish fauna in coastal waters.
Effect of fungal fermentation on proximate composition, physical and functional properties of five different plant proteins used in aquafeed formulation

Five different plant proteins such as soybean meal (SBM), groundnut oil cake (GNC), rapeseed meal (RSM), sunflower oil cake (SFC) and guar meal (GRM) were tested for proximate composition as well as physical and functional properties before and after fermentation using Aspergillus niger. Fermentation was carried out in a BOD incubator at 35°C for three days after inoculating with 5% fungal suspension. Results revealed that fermentation significantly (p<0.05) increased the crude protein content and total ash by 12.5 and 10.5%, respectively, while other proximate indices, including crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract reduced significantly. The fungal fermentation had no effect on the texture and colour of plant proteins, while fermented samples had slightly fermented odour along with their natural odour. The plant proteins such as SBM, GNC, RSM, SFC and GRM had bulk densities of 0.54, 0.62, 0.79, 0.60, and 0.71 g cm-3 and significantly (p<0.05) increased by 27.1, 0.5, 0.4, 19.9 and 12.3%, respectively. Fermentation significantly (p<0.05) reduced water holding capacity by 11.7% regardless of the ingredients, with the decrease being significantly (p<0.05) greater in GNC (17.7%), RSM (16.4%) and SBM (13.4%). After fermentation, the protein solubility index reduced significantly (p<0.05) from 77.12 to 73.59%, with SBM and RSM having a reduction of about 5.9 and 5.4%, respectively, while GNC and SFC had a reduction of 4%. The difference between fermented and unfermented GRM, on the other hand, was not significant. Results concluded that fermented ingredients could be potential protein sources rather than their counterparts based on their chemical composition and functional properties. Keywords: Aspergillus niger, Fermentation, Functional property, Physical property, Plant protein, Proximate composition
SURVEY ON EVIDENCE–BASED PRACTICE BELIEFS AND IMPLEMENTATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY IN 2022

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Nowadays, EBP is a gold standard in caring fields and assessing the quality of nursing education in many countries around the world. Although EBP has many benefits for patients and training, there is a paucity of published research on the beliefs and implementation of EBP in Vietnam for nursing students. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the EBP beliefs and EBP implementation among 45 undergraduate nursing students at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy in February 2022. Materials and methods: A convenience sample of 45 undergraduate nursing students was surveyed in this descriptive, cross–sectional study. The EBP Beliefs Scale (EBPB-S) and the EBP Implementation for Students Scales (EBPI-S) by Fineout-Overholt et al. were employed to collect data regarding the respondents’ beliefs and implementation of EBP, respectively. Data collected include (1) undergraduate nursing students ( 3rd and 4th levels), (2) those who hadn’t joined the EBP course until the research time, and (3) answered enough questions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results: Half of the respondents had seen their teachers and physicians using EBP, and most believed in the value of using EBP to develop professional competency. 100% of respondents had never used UpToDate databases to find evidence. Undergraduate nursing students weren’t confident applying EBP in clinical practice daily (M=62.89, SD=12.04), and implementing EBP less than once within 8 weeks before the study (M=9.28, SD=8.19). Conclusions: EBP beliefs and implementations were low in undergraduate nursing students. EBP courses should be initiated to increase EBP beliefs and implementation in undergraduate nursing students to advance nursing science, enhance practice for future nurses, and improve patient outcomes.
Customers' Emotions and Openness to Product Co-Creation: An Empirical Analysis Based on EEG Data

: Purpose: The aim of this paper is to identify the emotions and engagement of customers versus their openness to product co-creation. The research was conducted among users of a computer game. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used high-tech methods EEG (electroencephalography) and a virtual environment, as well as a questionnaire. The research aims to investigate the customer emotions of the players - their engagement in testing the product and their openness to product co-creation. Findings: The authors identified two groups of customers and proposed a simplified condition for testing openness to product co-creation. The study's sample size was small and may not represent the entire population. Only one game-type product was examined. Practical implications: The study's findings have practical implications for practitioners in product co-creation, product development, and creating a relationship with customers. For example, the simplified condition can be used for the development of the customer group which is open to co-create the product. Originality value: The research provided insights into the relationship between emotions and player engagement during the game and the determination of openness to product co-creation with the customer.
Shrinkage, Permeation and Freeze–Thaw Characteristics of Ambient Cured High Calcium-Based Alkali-Activated Engineered Composites

Sustainable zero cement-based one-part ambient cured alkali-activated engineered composites (AAECs) are developed. The durability and microstructural characteristics of developed AAECs using 2% v/v polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, silica sand, binary or ternary combinations of precursors (fly ash class C ‘FA-C’, fly ash class F ‘FA-F’ and ground granulated blast furnace slag ‘GGBFS’) and two types of powder form alkaline reagents (Type 1 and Type 2) are evaluated compared to conventional engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) and alkali-activated mortars (AAMs) without fiber. AAECs developed satisfactory compressive strength ranging from 34 MPa to 46 MPa. Expansion/shrinkage and mass change (loss/gain) behaviors are affected by binary/ternary combination of source materials, reagent types and curing regimes (water or ambient) for both AAMs and AAECs. The binary (FA-C + GGBFS) and reagent 2 (calcium hydroxide + sodium sulfate) composites demonstrated lower shrinkage due to formation of crystalline C-A-S-H/C-S-H binding phases than their ternary (FA-C + FA-F + GGBFS) and reagent 1 (calcium hydroxide + sodium metasilicate) counterparts which formed amorphous N-C-A-S-H/N-A-S-H phases. The matrix densification due to the formation of reaction products and fiber-induced micro-confinement leads to lower shrinkage and mass change of AAECs compared to their AAM counterparts. Composites exhibited lower or comparable secondary sorptivity indices compared to control ECC, indicating their superior permeation performance. All AAECs had a relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME) greater than 90% at 300 cycles (comparable to control ECC), exhibiting satisfactory freeze–thaw resistance with reagent 2 mixes showing better performance compared to those with reagent 1. The production feasibility of strain hardening AAECs with powder form reagents having satisfactory mechanical and durability properties is confirmed.
Hydrological processes of a closed catchment‐lake system in a semi‐arid Mediterranean environment

Data collected in 4 years of field observations were used in conjunction with continuous simulation models to study, at the small‐basin scale, the water balance of a closed catchment‐lake system in a semi‐arid Mediterranean environment. The open water evaporation was computed with the Penman equation, using the data set collected in the middle of the lake. The surface runoff was partly measured at the main tributary and partly simulated using a distributed, catchment, hydrological model, calibrated with the observed discharge. The simplified structure of the developed modelling mainly concerns soil moisture dynamics and bedrock hydraulics, whereas the flow components are physically based. The calibration produced high efficiency coefficients and showed that surface runoff is greatly affected by soil water percolation into fractured bedrock. The bedrock reduces the storm‐flow peaks and the interflow and has important multi‐year effects on the annual runoff coefficients. The net subsurface outflow from the lake was calculated as the residual of the lake water balance. It was almost constant in the dry seasons and increased in the wet seasons, because of the moistening of the unsaturated soil. During the years of observation, rainfall 30% higher than average caused abundant runoff and a continuous rise in the lake water levels. The analysis allows to predict that, in years with lower than the average rainfall, runoff will be drastically reduced and will not be able to compensate for negative balance between precipitation and lake evaporation. Such highly unsteady situations, with great fluctuations in lake levels, are typical of closed catchment‐lake systems in the semi‐arid Mediterranean environment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geography in Coverage Modeling: Exploiting Spatial Structure to Address Complementary Partial Service of Areas

Abstract The assessment of, and planning for, service coverage has been a fundamental aspect of geographic research. In particular, facility placement and associated coverage are central concerns in emergency services, transit route design, cartographic simplification, natural resource management, and weather monitoring, among others. In this article the widely applied set-covering problem is discussed, focusing on its use in geographic analysis. Problematic aspects of set-coverage modeling across space are identified. In particular, geographic information systems (GIS) and enhanced spatial information have accentuated abstraction/spatial representation issues in need of greater consideration in modeling service coverage. To address representational problems with existing approaches, a new set-covering model is introduced for dealing with spatial objects (points, lines, polygons, arcs, curves, etc.). The developed approach accounts for complementary coverage of objects. In doing this, the model decreases modifiable areal unit problem impacts known to be an issue in the geographic application of the set-covering problem. Empirical results are presented to support the usefulness and validity of this new approach.
Factors Affecting Attitude towards Online Music Piracy and Willingness to Try Subscription-Based Music Services (SBMS)?

Currently, subscription-based music services (SBMS) are one of the legal channels for listening to music and a viable alternative to reduce digital music piracy. SBMS is one of the complementary channels for digital music piracy because it allows users to sample music (legally) and then download it illegally. This research aimed to analyze individual attitudes and intentions towards digital music piracy and willingness to try SBMS by considering the religiousness variable. This study used the non-probability sampling technique, analyzed 200 questionnaires, and processed them using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study stated that the attitude towards digital piracy was positively influenced by economic benefit, hedonic benefit, and extrinsic religiousness and negatively influenced by moral judgment, while willingness to try SBMS was positively influenced by involvement. This paper provides more empirical evidence regarding the impact of religiousness on attitudes toward digital piracy and willingness to try SBMS. This research has made a significant contribution and shows the anomaly that although Indonesia is a religious country, it has a high rate of digital piracy. This study suggests the need for commitment and cooperation between governments, streaming music service providers, and musicians to educate Indonesians about the consequences and implications of digital music piracy.
Decadal Wind Forcing of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre

Abstract In the central North Atlantic Ocean there are large decadal-scale fluctuations of sea level and of the depth of the thermocline. This variability can be explained by low-frequency Rossby waves forced by wind. The authors have used a simple model of ocean fluctuations driven by the COADS wind-stress curl and find that their model results and hydrographic data, to the limited extent they can be compared meaningfully, agree rather well. The variation in wind curl over the ocean leads to surprisingly large north–south variability in the computed oceanic response over the subtropical gyre. The peak-to-peak sea level differences are as great as 20 cm and persist for many years. These large variations could induce major errors in calculations of the mean ocean flow when hydrographic sections from many years are combined. It appears possible, however, to correct for these wind-induced effects to allow the lower-frequency signals to be determined. The westernmost edge of our oceanic calculations is at the.
Laurentian origin for the North Slope of Alaska: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Arctic

The composite Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane plays a central role in tectonic reconstructions of the Arctic. An exotic, non-Laurentian origin of Arctic Alaska-Chukotka has been proposed based on paleobiogeographic faunal affi nities and various geochronological constraints from the southwestern portions of the terrane. Here, we report early Paleozoic trilobite and conodont taxa that support a Laurentian origin for the North Slope subterrane of Arctic Alaska, as well as new Neoproterozoic-Cambrian detrital zircon geochronological data, which are both consistent with a Laurentian origin and profoundly different from those derived from similar-aged strata in the southwestern subterranes of Arctic Alaska-Chukotka. The North Slope subterrane is accordingly interpreted as allochthonous with respect to northwestern Laurentia, but it most likely originated farther east along the Canadian Arctic or Atlantic margins. These data demonstrate that construction of the com- posite Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane resulted from juxtaposition of the exotic southwestern fragments of the terrane against the northern margin of Laurentia during protracted Devonian(? )-Carboniferous tectonism.