Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posterior sloping angle of the capital femoral physis in slipped capital femoral epiphysis has poor clinical utility and should not guide treatment on prophylactic fixation

Background: Prophylactic pinning of the uninvolved side after unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is controversial as it balances increased surgical risks against the possibility of protecting a normal hip from initial slip and deformity. A posterior sloping angle (PSA) of greater than 12–14.5° has been proposed by various authors as a treatment threshold to predict for contralateral hip progression and prophylactic pinning. Methods: A retrospective review of a 10-year series of patients with the diagnosis of SCFE and follow-up of 18 months was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups, those with Isolated Unilateral Slips and those who subsequently underwent Subsequent Contralateral Progression. PSA measurements were performed by two clinicians and assessed for inter-observer reliability. Data collected included age, sex, ethnicity, Loder class, endocrinopathy, renal impairment, radiation exposure, and PSA. Results: There were no significant differences between the distribution of gender, site of slip, age of onset, Loder class, and presence of medical comorbidities between the Isolated Unilateral Slip and Subsequent Contralateral Progression groups (p > 0.05). The mean PSA value was not significantly higher in the Subsequent Contralateral Progression group (17.9 ± 4.32 (10.5–23.5)) compared to the Isolated Unilateral Slip group (15.8 ± 5.31 (6–26)) (p = 0.32). The receiver operator coefficient-derived ideal treatment threshold of 16.5° gave a sensitivity of 0.71, specificity of 0.64, and number needed to treat of 3. Conclusion: PSA differences between the Subsequent Contralateral Progression and Isolated Unilateral Slip groups were not statistically significant in this series. All proposed treatment thresholds had poor specificity. Prophylactic pinning should not be based on isolated PSA values. Level of evidence: III.
THE EFFECTS OF BREED AND CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON BIRTH AND WEANING TRAITS OF RANGE SHEEP

Data collected during a 4-year period from 830 lambs of the Rambouillet, Romnelet, Canadian Corriedale, and Romeldale breeds were used to estimate the effects of breed and certain environmental factors on birth weight, weaning weight, face cover, conformation, and condition score.Rambouillets ranked first in birth weight and weaning weight, had most wool on the face, and scored poorest in conformation. Romnelets ranked second in weaning weight, had least wool-covering on the face, and were judged superior to the other breeds in conformation and condition. Canadian Corriedales had heavier lambs at birth than Romeldales; however, the Romeldales were more open in the face and scored better in conformation and condition.Year was one of the major sources of variation in weaning weight and conformation. Breed and sex contributed largely to variation in face-cover score. Effects of birth and rearing type (single, twin, or twin raised singly) on birth weight, weaning weight, conformation, and condition were signi.
‘Antlers inside’: are the skull structures of beaked whales (Cetacea: Ziphiidae) used for echoic imaging and visual display?

Skulls of many living and extinct beaked whales (Ziphiidae) contain various bizarre bone and tooth structures. Many of them show sexual dimorphism in their skull anatomy: males have bizarre skull structures, whereas females do not. Opinions differ as to what the function of these structures might be. Some believe that these are weapons; others, that they are sound transmitters. This article argues that these structures are the means of visual display. Many of the bizarre bone structures of beaked whales are not exposed like ‘visuals’ of terrestrial tetrapods, but are located deep in soft tissues. Nevertheless, toothed whales recognize objects (including three-dimensional bodies), using echolocation. So, along with visual means, they can ‘see’ and ‘show’ their internal bone structures with echoic imaging and use them as informational sources in social interactions and in individual or species recognition. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 113, 510–515.
Lipophilic Metabolites of Spartina maritima and Puccinellia maritima Involved in Their Tolerance to Salty Environments

Spartina maritima and Puccinellia maritima are two fascinating but underexplored halophytic species, and herein, the chemical profile of their hexane extracts is described. Terpenoids and sterols were the most abundant chemical groups in both species. The second dominant class was alcohols and the third esters of fatty acids. The chemical lipophilic profile of both S. maritima and P. maritima is herein reported for the first time. Through the accomplished data, it is possible to conclude that these species are rich in essential compounds that can be relevant to endorse their use as nutraceuticals. Furthermore, through a principal component analysis, a clear differentiation between the taxa was achieved, which indicates that their response to salinity stress is different. That fact was confirmed by the pathway enrichment analysis, which showed that the induced changes in metabolic pathways vary in each species.
Interspecific delimitation and phylogenetic origin of Pugionium (Brassicaceae)

Abstract Pugionium (Brassicaceae) is a small genus that occurs in central Asian deserts. The interspecific delimitation and taxonomic treatments of this genus are disputed and its phylogenetic origin remains unknown. In the present study, we examined these issues based on morphological and molecular data obtained for the first time. We used statistical methods to examine inter‐ and intraspecific morphological variations. The results suggest that only two species, namely P. dolabratum and P. cornutum, can be warranted for all examined populations and specimens, whereas three species (P. calcaratum, P. cristatum, and P. pterocarpum) should be incorporated into P. dolabratum. This delimitation was further supported by the molecular data: all populations of P. dolabratum, P. calcaratum, P. cristatum, and P. pterocarpum shared the same internal transcribed spacer genotype, whereas those from P. cornutum had another type. Phylogenetic analyses of Pugionium and representative genera of Brassicaceae based on ndhF sequences suggest that this genus is sister to the genus Megacarpaea, which, together, comprise a well‐supported lineage with Farsetia, Lobularia, Iberis, and Ionopsidium, whereas the two other genera that were previously suggested to be closely related to this genus (Isatis and Bunias) were placed in the other lineages. We further discuss the origin of Pugionium and suggest that it probably originated in central Asia when the climate became drier from the late Miocene.
Relation between mutations in the 5′ UTR of ANKRD26 gene and inherited thrombocytopenia with predisposition to myeloid malignancies. An Egyptian study

Abstract Inherited thrombocytopenias are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a reduced number of platelets and a bleeding tendency that ranges from very mild to life threatening especially in surgery. Mutations in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of Ankirin repeat domain 26 (ANKRD26) are responsible for autosomal-dominant form of thrombocytopenia, that is known as ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia (ANKRD26 RT), characterized by a moderate thrombocytopenia with mild propensity to bleeding and predisposition to hematological malignancies including AML and MDS. We included 90 unrelated patients with inherited thrombocytopenia. In addition, we investigated 45 patients with ITP. Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were collected and examined and molecular detection of mutations in the 5︡ UTR of ANKRD26 gene was performed for all the patients. Also, screening of the mutation and development of myeloid malignancies in the extended series of the affected subjects was done. ANKRD26 mutations were identified in 10% of the patients with inherited thrombocytopenia. The most common types were c.128 G > A and c.127A>T, while no mutations were found in the ITP group. In those affected, the median number of platelets was 69 x109/L (43–106) with normal MPV in most of the patients (9.4–11.6). There was a statistically significant increase in the unexpected high frequency of myeloid malignancies in the extended series of the mutated subjects compared with the ITP group-extended series (P < .001). So, we can conclude that ANKRD26 RT is associated with increased risk for developing myeloid malignancies and ANKRD26 mutations can represent a valuable tool for making therapeutic decisions.
Further validation of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire for assessing motivations for responsible drinking: A test of self-determination theory.

Alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are cognitive-behavioral strategies used before, during, and/or after drinking to reduce alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Self-determination theory (SDT) provides a potentially useful framework to understand motivations for responsible drinking, which is operationalized in the present study as PBS use. In the present study, we examined the relation of motivations for responsible drinking, as assessed by the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), with other SDT constructs (psychological need satisfaction and dispositional autonomy) and PBS use. A sample of 507 college students who reported consuming alcohol at least once in the past 3 months were recruited from a random sample of students enrolled at a Hispanic serving institution to complete an online survey. Consistent with SDT and previous studies of the TSRQ, we found support for a 4-factor structure of the TSRQ. The TSRQ demonstrated measurement invariance across several sociodemographic subgroups within the sample (e.g., biological sex, age, year in school), supporting the use of the TSRQ across these subgroups. Further, consistent with SDT-based hypotheses, greater psychological need satisfaction and dispositional autonomy were related to more self-determined motivations for responsible drinking. Also consistent with SDT, more self-determined motivations for responsible drinking were related to more frequent PBS use. The present findings further support the utility of the TSRQ for assessing motivations for responsible drinking and support SDT as a framework for understanding responsible drinking. Future directions for research applying SDT to understand and promote responsible drinking among college students are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Prognostic Factors of Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising De Novo and From Inverted Papilloma

Background The prognostic factors and survival difference between inverted papilloma (IP)-associated sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and de novo SCC are unclear. Objective This study aimed to compare the clinical features and oncologic outcomes in patients with IP-associated SCC and de novo SCC; and additionally, to analyze the prognostic factors of the two types of SCCs. Methods Data from 173 SCC patients treated for IP-associated SCC (n = 89) and de novo SCC (n = 84), were reviewed retrospectively for demographic features, tumor characteristics, treatment modality, and clinical outcomes. 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze factors influencing prognosis. Results A higher proportion of IP-associated SCC occurred in frontal and sphenoid sinus compared to de novo SCC. The two groups demonstrated similar 5-year OS and DFS (5-year OS: 63.3% and 55.4%, DFS: 45.4% and 50.1%, respectively). The metachronous tumor had a relatively better prognosis outcome than synchronous tumor and de novo SCC (5-year OS: 73.1%, 54.5% and 55.4%, respectively). Both groups showed similar loco-regional recurrence rates (p > 0.05); however, de novo SCC tumors demonstrated an increased incidence of distant metastasis. Multivariate analysis indicated that age >70 years, advanced tumor stage and surgical margin were independent predictive factors for the risk of mortality (HR 2.047, 1.581 and 1.931, respectively). Conclusion IP-associated SCCs have an aggressive loco-regional tendency, whereas de novo SCCs have a higher aggressive distant metastatic propensity. Age, tumor stage and surgical positive margin are key factors for poor prognosis and should be routinely taken into consideration during treatment planning and subsequent surveillance.
The interaction of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) influences growth and antioxidant status in tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius)

Co-occurrence of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) is observed worldwide. However, their combined effects on plant physiology are not well documented. This experiment was designed to study both individual and combined phytotoxicity of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) in jute in terms of plant growth, net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities. Two jute varieties, O-795 (Cr-tolerant) and O-9897 (Cr-sensitive), were grown under various level of As and/or Cr in pots under greenhouse condition. As or Cr stress significantly decreased plant growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll florescence (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic rate (Pn) and caused oxidative damage compared to control, indicated by increased MDA and H2O2 contents. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT), were dramatically increased in both varieties compared to control. Moreover, less severe inhibition of plant growth and oxidative damage was observed in O-795 than in O-9897 indicating variety O-795 had more efficient defense system to mitigate heavy metal induced oxidative stress. The combined stress of low level of As (50 mg kg -1 ) plus Cr treatment caused less inhibition of plant growth and alleviated oxidative stress, in both varieties compared to Cr stress alone. In contrast, high level (100 mg kg -1 ) As plus Cr caused a further decreased plant growth and chlorophyll content, increased MDA and H2O2 contents as well as antioxidative enzymes activities significantly (P≤0.05). These results suggest that the combined toxicity of low level As plus Cr in jute is lower than that of individual Cr or As. As exposure up to 50 mg kg -1 is supposed to be useful in mitigating Cr toxicity and more than 50 mg kg -1 had the synergistic toxic effect.
COMPARISON OF MYCELIUM GROWTH OF SELECTED SPECIES OF CULTIVATED MUSHROOMS ON TEXTILE INDUSTRY WASTES

Mushrooms are cultivated on a wide range of materials of organic origin. Tex- tile industry wastes seem to be interesting in this regard. In experiment, mycelium growth of the following eight mushroom species: Pholiota nameko (Ito) Ito et Imai, Flammulina velutipes (Curt. ex Fr.) Sing. , Lyophyllum ulmarium (Bull. ex Fr.) Kumm. , Marasmius oreades (Bolt.: Fr.) Fr. , Hericium erinaceus (Bull: Fr.) Pers. , Agrocybe aegerita (Brig.) Sing. , Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegl. and Ganoderma lucidum (Curt: Fr.) Karst. culti- vated on alder sawdust, rye straw, hemp and flax shive substrates was investigated. Sig- nificant variability in mycelium growth was observed depending on the mushroom spe- cies and the type of the applied substrate. The best mycelium growth of the examined mushroom species was recorded on flax shive and alder sawdust. In the majority of the experimental mushroom species, the worst growth of mycelia was recorded on the hemp shive substrate.
The Effect of Soil Moisture on the Susceptibility to Invasion by the Argentine Ant (Linepithema humile) in Chaparral Communities.

The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) is a successful invasive species found throughout the world. It is commonly associated with urban areas and invades habitats that have favorable conditions, such as adequate moisture levels. Urban areas in the xeric regions of Southern California that use supplemental irrigation create artificially moist habitats that are thought to serve as a permanent refuge for the Argentine ant. Invasion is a three step process of introduction, establishment, and spread; for Argentine ants to invade, they must first be introduced to an area. This study was designed to determine if Argentine ants seasonally spread into habitats that have high soil moisture for only a portion of the year, and to access the role that soil moisture, seasonality, proximity to the urban edge, and proximity to a permanent water source play in determining which areas the Argentine ant will spread into, and where they are likely to successfully invade. This study examined three different habitat types on two reserves that differed in water availability: mesic (permanently wet), xeric (upland areas without a permanent water source), and seasonally moist (intermittently wet). Sampling cups were set out in each habitat during the wet and dry season for a period of two years. Measurements were taken on Argentine ant abundance, native ant species abundance, distance to the urban edge, and distance to a permanent water source. Argentine ants were found in mesic sites throughout the study period in both wet and dry seasons. No Argentine ants were found at the xeric sites in either wet or dry seasons. Out of six seasonally moist sites, one that was in close proximity to permanent water had Argentine ants year round, while the other seasonally moist sites had no Argentine ants. Distance to a permanent water source was the best predictor for Argentine ant abundance, followed by soil moisture. Seasonal spreading was not observed in any habitat type. Based on these findings, intermittent water does not seem to be a risk factor for Argentine ant invasion, but permanent water is a risk factor for invasion. Dry-season urban runoff will potentially lead to increased Argentine ant invasions in
The Predominantly South American Clade Of Lobeliaceae

Abstract A 3.7 kilobase region of chloroplast DNA that includes atpB, rbcL, and their intergenic spacer was sequenced in 61 samples from 45 species of South American Lobeliaceae plus two outgroup samples from Australia. A clade of four hexaploid Lobelia species from Chile is sister to a clade comprising Lysipomia, Siphocampylus, Centropogon, and Burmeistera. Lysipomia is a monophyletic group of small cushion-forming plants endemic to the high Andes, and is sister to the clade comprising the remaining three shrubby genera, which are most diverse in the Andes, but also extend to Central America, Mexico, and the West Indies. Siphocampylus has capsular fruit and is inferred to be paraphyletic relative to fleshy-fruited Centropogon and Burmeistera, but fleshy fruits have evidently evolved repeatedly, making Centropogon polyphyletiC. Burmeistera is primarily bat-pollinated and monophyletic, having evolved from one group of species in Centropogon. The phylogenetic relationships within Burmeistera indicate that this genus underwent repeated episodes of rapid diversification when organismal diversification outpaced the accumulation of mutations in this region of chloroplast DNA.
The pneumatization of the head of the common fowl

The head of the common fowl, like that of other birds, contains large cavities nornially filled by air, and connecting with the nasal cavity or with the cavity of the middle ear. The latter lie within the bones of the skull or face and arc developed by the pneumatiaation of these bones. The former include the voluniinous spaces between the nasal conchae, the large paired subocular sacs which grow froin the middle meatuses, and another pair of large sacs which are actually the enormously dilated nasolacrimal passages, connected laterally with the conjunctival sacs and mediallp with the floor of the nasal cavities. The development of the nasal meatuses shows that, although these cavities are ultimately enclosed by bone, there is no true pneumatization of bone; the cavities are present early and the bones, at first in the form of cartilage images, are merely formed around them. The subocular sacs develop also without relation to bone as simple ectoderiiial outgrowths in the mesencliyma beneath and in front of the eye. Beginning at the seventh day as a flattened tubular outgrowth from the posterior end of the middle meatus, each sac extends form7ard and laterally following the curve of the eye, spreading fanwise and with the outer and inner walls at first closely apposed. It lies just external to the eye muscles, where the)are present. The growing edge is usually smooth; only near the meatus are there sprouts and ridges of active growth.
A New Andean Species of the Hypsiboas pulchellus Group: Adults, Calls, and Phylogenetic Relationships

Abstract We describe a new species of the Hypsiboas pulchellus Group from the eastern Andes of central Peru (Region Pasco). Calls of both H. melanopleura and the new species are described. The new species is more similar to H. melanopleura and H. palaestes but differs in morphological characters and in coloration pattern. The new species and H. melanopleura are included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the H. pulchellus Group that shows them to be sister species and forming a second, independent, Andean clade within the group. New collecting sites for H. melanopleura are provided with the first record in the Region of Junin and the distribution of H. melanopleura, H. palaestes, and the new species is illustrated in a map.
Surface-Functionalized PEGylated Nanoparticles Deliver Messenger RNA to Pulmonary Immune Cells.

Nanoparticles designed as messenger RNA (mRNA) carriers to deliver gene medicine have shown great potential to change the way lung disease states are managed. Controlling their delivery to the lung and the transgene expression in a specific population of cells remains a challenge. Here, we developed a series of nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) corona prepared by condensing mRNA with PEG-grafted polyethyleneimine (PEI-g-PEG) with different PEG terminal functional groups and grafting ratios. PEGylated nanoparticles (PEG grafting ratio was 0.5%) with amino or amino acid terminal groups showed the highest transgene expression levels in the lung following systemic administration, and cell profiling analysis indicated that pulmonary immune cells contributed to the majority of expression. We also showed that these nanoparticles can be prepared by the flash nanocomplexation method, which is a scalable and reproducible process, yielding lyophilizable nanoparticles that were stable for at least 4 months at -20 ºC. These results suggest that these surface-functionalized PEGylated nanoparticles may serve as desirable carriers to deliver mRNA to the lung for pulmonary immunomodulation.
Spatial organisation of European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) in a small catchment

Modelling governing patterns of European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) distribution of four eel size classes ( 450 mm) in the Fremur basin (North-West France) was done using artificial neural network (ANN) techniques and ecological profiles. Our results demonstrate the high predictive power of the ANN models. Some macro and micro-scale factors, like distance from the sea, depth and flow velocity have the most significant influence in the models. Influence of distance from the sea appears to be very different from the spatial organisation usually described in river systems. In fact, the general tendencies of total eel densities according to distance from the sea showed that densities weakly increase upstream. Another outcome was the variations of habitat preference according to the eel size, even if this species is spread over practically every type of micro-habitat. Small eels were mainly found in shallow habitats with strong abundance of aquatic vegetation, whereas large eels tend to be found in intermediate to high depth with small to intermediate abundance of aquatic vegetation. Finally, we hypothesize that European eels change behaviour and microhabitat characteristic preference around a size of 300 mm.