Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A MapReduce C4.5 Decision Tree Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Rule-Based System

Decision tree is the most efficient and fast technology of data mining that is frequently used in data analysis and prediction. According to the development in science and technology in the last years, the data is growing faster, and the principle of the decision tree algorithms become not efficient in respect runtime and speed-up ratio. In view of the above problem, we propose a new method of classification based on framework Hadoop and Fuzzy logic. Our proposed hybrid approach is designed to propose a new C4.5 decision tree algorithm using fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory to handle uncertainty and imprecision in data, and Hadoop framework (MapReduce + HDFS) to parallelize our work. This combination of big data technologies, fuzzy systems and C4.5 decision tree algorithm has produced a parallel fuzzy decision tree model, which takes advantage of these three techniques (hadoop + fuzzy logic + C4.5) to produce a decision tree with higher predictive accuracy. In this paper, an experiment is presented to compare our approach with other approaches from the literature. Experiments were carried out using three datasets, and the results show that our new method outperforms the other approaches in terms of accuracy and execution time.
HOW DO ENTREPRENEURS FEEL BANKRUPTCY?

Bankruptcy risk is always a constant threat to the SMEs, which determines how long the firms will survive. Since its identification, management, and control vested in the hands of the entrepreneurs and managers. A lot depends on their interpretations and beliefs. Therefore, to investigate this phenomenon, the present study aimed to investigate the attitude of the managers and entrepreneurs towards bankruptcy risk and to draw the conclusion on how the entrepreneurs’ attitude differs among the Czech Republic and Slovak republic entrepreneurs as well. The study was conducted among 822 small and medium-sized companies from the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Chi-square and z-score test methods were used to test for the existence of a statistically significant difference between bankruptcy attitudes among Czech and Slovak entrepreneurs. Slovak entrepreneurs are more likely to regard bankruptcy as a natural part of the business, and they are less likely to identify an entrepreneur’s mistake as the cause of bankruptcy. An important conclusion is that the experience of bankruptcy for entrepreneurs of both countries is assessed as a vital experience gained, which, however, negatively affects the self-esteem of an entrepreneur. This study contributes to the literature by offering insights over the attitude of SMEs’ owners and entrepreneurs about bankruptcy risk in the context of the Czech Republic and the Slovak republic. From the policymakers’ viewpoint, it is imperative to understand the attitude of SMEs’ owners and entrepreneurs to design effective policies aiming to improve entrepreneurs with adequate skills, ability, and state support. The Originality of the paper deals with the entrepreneur’s perception, behaviour, and attitude towards bankruptcy risk in SMEs.
Oxygen Plasma Improved Shear Strength of Bonding between Zirconia and Composite Resin

Improving the strength of the bonding of zirconia to composite resins remains a challenge in dental restorations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear strength of the bonding of zirconia to composite resins, thereby verifying the hypothesis that as the power of the non-thermal oxygen plasma increases, the bonding strength of the plasma-treated zirconia is increased. The effects of the oxygen plasma power (100, 200, and 400 W) on the surface structure, chemical composition, and hydrophilicity of the zirconia and the strength of the bonding between zirconia and composite resin were investigated. As a result, after different plasma power treatments, the surface structure and phase composition of zirconia were not different from those of zirconia without treatment. However, the oxygen plasma treatment not only reduced carbon adsorption but also greatly increased the hydrophilicity of the zirconia surface. More importantly, the strength of the bonding between the plasma-treated zirconia and composite resin was significantly higher than that in the corresponding control group without plasma treatment. Regardless of whether the zirconia was pristine or sandblasted, the higher the plasma power, the greater the bond strength obtained. The conclusion is that the oxygen plasma treatment of zirconia can effectively improve the strength of the bonding between the zirconia and composite resin without damaging the microstructure and phase composition of the zirconia.
Analysis of brain network dynamics estimated from fMRI data: A new framework based on communicability and flow

Neuroimaging techniques such as MRI have been widely used to explore the associations between brain areas. Structural connectivity (SC) captures the anatomical pathways across the brain and functional connectivity (FC) measures the correlation between the activity of brain regions. These connectivity measures have been much studied using network theory in order to uncover the distributed organization of brain structures, in particular FC for task-specific brain communication. However, the application of network theory to study FC matrices is often “static” despite the dynamic nature of time series obtained from fMRI. The present study aims to overcome this limitation by introducing a network-oriented analysis applied to whole-brain effective connectivity (EC) useful to interpret the brain dynamics. Technically, we tune a multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process to reproduce the statistics of the whole-brain resting-state fMRI signals, which provides estimates for EC as well as input properties (similar to local excitabilities). The network analysis is then based on the network response (or Green function) that describes the interactions between nodes across time for the estimated dynamics. This model-based approach provides time-dependent graphlike descriptors —communicability and flow— that characterize the roles that either nodes or connections play in the propagation of activity within the network. They can be used at both global and local levels, and also enables the comparison of estimates from real data with surrogates (e.g., random network or ring lattice). In contrast to classical graph approaches to study SC or FC, our framework stresses the importance of taking the temporal aspect of fMRI signals into account. Our results show a merging of functional communities over time (in which input properties play a role), moving from segregated to global integration of the network activity. Our formalism sets a solid ground for the analysis and interpretation of fMRI data, including task-evoked activity.
Fish diversity in the cascade of reservoirs along the Paranapanema River, southeast Brazil

ABSTRACT The Paranapanema River is a major tributary of the upper Paraná river basin. Eleven hydropower dams regulate its main course, but no study has investigated fish diversity in these impoundments at the basin-scale. The present study investigated spatial patterns of richness, composition, and abundance of native (non-migratory and migratory) and non-native fishes in the cascade of reservoirs along the Paranapanema River. The study is based on data collected from 34 independent studies conducted in nine reservoirs (47 samples). The compilation recorded 161 species, being 111 native (14 migratory) and 50 non-native. Total richness ranged between 56 and 112 species/reservoir, with a mean of 72 (49.9 non-migratory, 8.1 migratory and 14 non-native). The number of non-migratory species showed no spatial trend along the cascade system, but migratory and non-native richness increased toward downstream reaches. We also observed spatial variation in species composition along the cascade system, but some non-native fishes were widely distributed. Migratory fishes showed low relative abundance (usually < 10%), while non-native species were common and more abundant, especially in reservoirs downstream. Our results revealed a high diversity of fishes in the cascade of impoundments, but indicated that migratory fishes are rare, while non-native species are common or dominant.
Effect of processed maize stover as an alternative energy source in swine production

Energy sources and edible carbohydrate shortages are the world-wide problems. Lignocellulose, which yearly production is about 7 billion tons with 70% belonging to crop stalks, is the largest renewable energy source (Kaur and Kuhad, 2019). Unfortunately, most of it is discarded, buried or burned in the field because lignin can maintain the cell wall permeability and support the plant cell wall, which is combined with cellulose and hemicelluloses to form crystal structure to resist enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial attack for the further application (Saha et al., 2005). If lignocellulose is transferred to low-molecular carbohydrate, it will help to solve energy crisis. In numerous studies it was shown that physical, chemical and biological treatments are the effective methods improving the potential value of crop straw to be used as feedstuff for monogastric animals, at the same time replacing the conventional grains such as maize, wheat, rice and others (Chang et al., 2015; Aguilar et al., 2018; Kaur and Kuhad, 2019; Siddhu et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019). In our previous research we have shown that Aspergillus oryzae can produce numerous kinds of enzymes such as protease, amylase, cellulase to help degrade maize stover (Chang et al., 2015); therefore, it is appropriate for feed fermentation. The optimal dietary fibre content is beneficial for the development of pig intestine and the reduction ABSTRACT. In order to increase the nutritive values of maize stover, the processes of steam explosion and microbial fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae were used to produce processed maize stover (PMS). In the digestive experiment on swine it was shown that dietary digestible energy (DE) was decreased when PMS substitute rates for maize meal were increased from 5 to 15% (P < 0.05). In each of two-stage swine feeding experiment were 5 groups with 3 replications in each: group 1 – control, groups 2–4 – diets supplemented with 5, 10 or 15% PMS, respectively (as a replacement of the same amount of maize meal), group 5 – diet supplemented with 10% PMS with DE level the same as in the control group. It was indicated that average daily gain and nutrient digestibility were similar in groups with 0 and 5% PMS addition but were decreased when PMS addition increased from 5 to 15%. It can be concluded that the optimal levels of PMS in diets were below 10% for younger pigs and 15% for older ones. PMS addition could help to increase faecal enzyme activity and decrease swine diarrhoea rates. So, the insights that optimal PMS levels could relieve shortage of energy feedstuffs were provided in this study. Received: 5 April 2020 Revised: 19 April 2020 Accepted: 21 May 2020
: Evolution of alternative food networks in an old industrial region of Czechia

The main aim of the article is to present a regional analysis of alternative food networks (AFNs) in the old industrial Moravia-Silesian Region in Czechia accompanied by an assessment of their extent, the basic characteristics of their constituents and evolution during the period between 2014-2018. Although a number of studies on AFNs have been published so far, a detailed geographical analysis of AFNs from the regions of Central and Eastern Europe is missing. This paper aims to fill this research gap by providing an in-depth regional analysis of AFNs' spatial distribution while covering both the production (farms integrated in AFNs) and consumption side of ‘local’ food (selected forms of its distribution). Based on selected publicly available databases, we revealed that the proportion of farms integrated in AFNs out of the total number of farms in the region was only 1.4% (or 5% of the total number of organic farms) in 2018. However, significant growth in the number of farms producing food for AFNs and on site farm sales was registered within the monitored period. Only one third of AFN farms can be considered as small farms (up to 10 ha). AFN farms dominantly focused on animal production and were concentrated mostly in the proximity of urban areas favourable for agriculture. The low number of identified farms might be explained, inter alia, by the higher intensity of food self-provisioning in the region.
Topoclimatic Zoning and Representative Areas as Determined by an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Network in the Atacama Region, Chile

Climate information is crucial to the management and profitability of key development sectors involving agriculture, hydrologic resources, natural hazards, and energy. Climate knowledge, real-time weather information, and climate predictions reliability all contribute to the planning and management of socioeconomic activities and sustainable development. Automatic weather stations (AWSs) are remotely operated and facilitate the recording of meteorological information for unoccupied and out-of-reach areas. However, the representative area of the Atacama region is unknown, whose uniqueness is largely determined by the topography of the terrain. This paper describes the topoclimatic zoning of the Atacama region, based on the identification of homogeneous climatic and topographic areas, using climatic information, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. Topoclimatic zoning was used to determine the representative area of the AWSs. Sixty-one regional topographic units were identified as equivalent to the representative area of the AWS. The directly represented area was estimated at 2365 km2 (3.13% of the regional total), the indirectly represented area was 8725 km2 (11.53%), and the unrepresented area was 64,561 km2 (85.34%). This large unrepresented area displays potential zones for future AWS installations, which can improve both the efficiency of the regional meteorological network and access to quality climate information.
Understanding environmental change through the lens of trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems

In the era of the Anthropocene, environmental change is accelerating biodiversity loss across ecosystems on Earth, among which freshwaters are likely the most threatened. Different biodiversity facets in the freshwater realm suffer from various environmental changes that jeopardize the ecosystem functions and services important for humankind. In this work we examine how environmental changes (e.g., climate change, eutrophication, or invasive species) affect trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of biological communities. We first developed a simple conceptual model of the possible relationships between environmental change and these three diversity facets in freshwaters and, secondly, systematically reviewed articles where these relationships had been investigated in different freshwater ecosystems. Finally, we highlighted research gaps from the perspectives of organisms, ecosystems, stressors, and geographical locations. Our conceptual model suggested that both natural factors and global change operating at various spatial scales influence freshwater community structure and ecosystem functioning. The relationships between biodiversity and environmental change depend on geographical region, organism group, spatial scale, and environmental change gradient length. The systematic review revealed that environmental change impacts biodiversity patterns in freshwaters, but there is no single type of biodiversity response to the observed global changes. Natural stressors had different, even contradictory, effects (i.e., multiple, negative, and positive) on biodiversity compared with anthropogenic stressors. Anthropogenic stressors more often decreased biodiversity, although eutrophication and climate change affected freshwater ecosystems in a complex, more multi-dimensional way. The research gaps we identified were related, for example, to the low number of community-based biodiversity studies, the lack of information on true phylogenies for all freshwater organism groups, the missing evaluations whether species traits are phylogenetically conserved, and the geographical biases in research (i.e., absence of studies from Africa, Southern Asia, and Russia). We hope that our review will stimulate more research on the less well-known facets and topics of biodiversity loss in highly vulnerable freshwater ecosystems.
Online Writing Community: What Can We Learn from Failure?

Peer feedback or peer review has been promoted in the English writing classroom as an effective strategy to improve writing skills. With the popularity of adopting technology in learning, our research introduced participants to an online writing community (OWC) which incorporates the concepts of peer feedback and collaborative learning as an innovative pedagogy to improve writing skills in an autonomous environment. The OWC was created for students in an English Education programme in a Hong Kong university. However, the attempt was a failure given its low participation and interaction rates. A study was subsequently conducted to understand participants’ and non- participants’ perception and behaviour towards the learning environment and activity. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and reflective journals. Non-participants claimed that lack of time, heavy workloads, the non-compulsory and non-credit bearing nature of the course deterred them from joining the OWC. While participants in the OWC did not concur with the claims, they identified factors which might have accounted for the low interaction rate in the OWC. These included: i) commitment of the OWC members; ii) rapport among the OWC members; iii) interactiveness and spontaneity of the platform; and, iv) ease of use. The results suggest ways that innovative pedagogy could be implemented and enhanced for effective learning in the future.
Spectral and Nonlinear Analysis of Electrodermal Activity in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder with increasing prevalence in childhood and adolescence. Sympathetic dysregulation is supposed to be the underlying mechanism of increased cardiovascular risk in AN. Thus, we assess the electrodermal activity (EDA) as a non-invasive index of sympathetic cholinergic activity using linear and nonlinear analysis in adolescent AN with the aim of detecting potential biomarkers for AN-linked cardiovascular risk. We examined 25 adolescent girls with AN and 25 age-matched controls. EDA was continuously recorded during a 5-min resting phase. Evaluated parameters were: time-domain (skin conductance level, non-specific skin conductance responses), frequency-domain (EDA in very low, low, sympathetic, high and very high frequency bands) and nonlinear (approximate, sample, symbolic information entropies, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)) parameters of EDA and peripheral skin temperature. Our findings revealed lower EDA values indicating a decrease in the sympathetic nervous activity in female adolescents with the acute phase of AN. Further, we found higher nonlinear index DFA in AN vs. controls. We assumed that nonlinear index DFA could provide novel and independent information on the complex sympathetic regulatory network. We conclude that the parameters of complex EDA analysis could be used as sensitive biomarkers for the assessment of sympathetic cholinergic dysregulation as a risk factor for AN-linked cardiovascular morbidity.
Molecular aspects of multivalent engagement between Syk and FcεRIγ

Syk/Zap70 family kinases are essential for signaling via multichain immune-recognition receptors such as the tetrameric (αβγ2) FcεRI The simplest model assumes that Syk activation occurs through cis binding of its tandem SH2 domains to dual phosphotyrosines within immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs of individual γ chains. In this model, Syk activity is modulated by phosphorylation occurring between adjacent Syk molecules docked on γ homodimers and by Lyn molecules bound to FcεRIβ. However, the mechanistic details of Syk docking on γ homodimers are not fully resolved, particularly the possibility of trans binding orientations and the impact of Y130 autophosphorylation within Syk interdomain A. Analytical modeling shows that multivalent interactions lead to increased WT Syk cis-oriented binding by three orders of magnitude. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show increased inter-SH2 flexibility in a Y130E phosphomimetic form of Syk, associated with reduced overall helicity of interdomain A. Hybrid MD/worm-like chain polymer models show that the Y130E substitution reduces cis binding of Syk. We report computational models and estimates of relative binding for all possible cis and trans 2:2 Syk:FcεRIγ complexes. Calcium imaging experiments confirm model predictions that cis binding of WT Syk is strongly preferred for efficient signaling, while trans conformations trigger weak but measurable responses.
Non - genetic factors affecting monthly test day milk yields in Murrah buffaloes

The present investigation was carried out using data of first lactation monthly test day milk yields (MTDMY) of 191 Murrah buffaloes maintained at Govt. Livestock Farm (GLF), Hisar and Livestock Research Centre (LRC), Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut over a period of 12 years (2003 to 2014). The data were classified according to season, period and age groups to study the effect of non- genetic factors. The mean of MTDMY increased from 4.625±0.145 kg on MTDMY11 to a peak yield of 10.636±0.214 kg MTDMY3 for first lactation. The season of calving had highly significant (P˂0.01) effect on first lactation MTDMY viz. TD1, TD2, TD3 and TD4 in first lactation. However, significant (P˂0.05) effect was found on MTDMY viz. TD5, TD6 and TD7, whereas non significant effect was observed on all remaining monthly test day milk yields. The effect of period of calving on monthly test day yields was highly significant (P˂0.01) on TD2, TD3 and TD7, while significant (P˂0.05) effects was observed on TD1, TD4, TD5 and TD8 monthly test day milk yields. The effect of period of calving on all remaining monthly test day yields was non-significant. The age groups had significant (P˂0.05) effect on TD2 and TD3, whereas non-significant effect on rest of the monthly test day milk yields was observed.
The Effects of Sucrose, Silver Nitrate, Plant Growth Regulators, and Ammonium Nitrate on Microrhizome Induction in Perennially-Cultivated Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) From Hue, Vietnam

The number of research on ginger microrhizome production is low, despite awareness of the drawbacks to the traditional method of cultivation and the known health benefits associated with ginger essential oils. We examined the effects of several factors on microrhizome induction in order to create a production protocol for the cultivar found in Hue, Vietnam. To determine the optimal conditions for ginger microrhizome production, different concentrations of sucrose, plant growth regulators, ammonium nitrate, and silver nitrate were investigated. Microrhizome fresh weight and diameter were increased to the maximum values with application of BAP (6-benzyl amino purine), NAA (αnaphthaleneacetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), and a low ammonium nitrate concentration, with 0.433 g at 9.03 mm, 0.437 g at 9.73 mm, 0.478 g at 10.80 mm, and 0.449 g at 9.53 mm, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrated that kinetin has an inhibitory effect on microrhizome growth. The biggest microrhizomes were grown on MS media containing the optimal concentrations for each factor – 80 g/L sucrose, 1.9 mg/L AgNO3, 550 mg/L ammonium nitrate, 4 mg/L BAP, 6 mg/L NAA, and 4 mg/L IBA.