Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
cranial circulation: study in rabbits. Streptokinase clot lysis in acute occlusions of the

An animal model of acute cerebrovascular thromboembolism was developed to evaluate the feasibility of selective fibrinolysis. In 20 Flemish Giant rabbits, autologous clot was deposited via selective catheterization of the distal end of the common carotid artery. The rates of clot lysis with streptokinase were compared in eight control rabbits and after three different dosage regimens in four rabbits each. Group A received selective infusion of 5000 U/hr; group B received 4000 U/min for 1 hr, 3000 U/min for 2 hr, and 5000 U/hr for 2 hr; and group C was treated similar to group B plus receiving an initial 20,000 U bolus of streptokinase. Lysis was evaluated by serial angiograms obtained hourly for up to 6 hr after the clot was deposited. Five proximal vessels arising from the common carotid artery were chosen for the angiographic grading system. The control group showed beginning lysis after 5-6 hr. Group A appeared to show a slight improvement about 4 hr after cloHing. Group B demonstrated an early and greater improvement at 2 hr that appeared to be sustained throughout the experiment. Group C showed no difference compared with the control group. The Dunnet t procedure and the Kruskel-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance were used for comparing the angio grams of the treatment groups with those of the control group at corresponding study times. The results of these animal experiments do not indicate a definite benefit of streptokinase treatment alone over no treatment. Further controlled studies are needed before the value of streptokinase in routine clinical practice can be determined.
of the

: Polymorphic information on native gene resources determined by molecular methods can play a leading role in breeding future new breeds. The myostatin gene, an important gene in sheep breeding, has a polymorphism in the third exon. The present research aimed to investigate the polymorphic structures of the myostatin ( MSTN ) gene locus in indigenous Morkaraman sheep and reveal the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies. The MSTN / Hae III gene polymorphisms were detected in the DNA that was isolated from blood samples collected from 262 Mork-araman sheep utilized in the research by employing the PCR-RFLP method. The Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance test showed that the distribution of genotype frequencies was not balanced (P<0.01) in the studied population. The MM, Mm, and mm genotype frequencies of the MSTN gene in the population were determined as 11.1%, 62.6%, and 26.3%, respectively, whereas the frequencies of the M and m allele were 0.42 and 0.58, respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) calculated for MSTN in the whole population was significantly higher than the expected heterozygosity (He) values. The PIC values of the studied population showed a moderate polymorphism with an average of 0.37. While the F IS value was found as -0.312, the F IT value was determined as -0.303. The genotype and allele frequencies found with regard to the MSTN gene polymorphism were sufficient in order to reveal the breed’s genotype diversity.
Handbook of School Violence and School Safety International Research and Practice

A social-ecological model of the bullying dynamic is described in this chapter. The empirical literature linking individual, peer group, school, family, and community factors in bullying and victimization is reviewed. Data from 5,470 middle school students and 11,447 high school students in Grades 9 through 12 were analyzed to examine social-ecological variables involved in bullying and/or victimization. Specifi cally, we examined the infl u-ence of individual factors (depression, suicidal ideation, alcohol/drug use, sexual orientation, gender, race, grade); peer factors (peer alcohol, cigarette, drug use, delinquency); school factors (school climate, school belonging); family factors (free/reduced lunch, alternative home placement, risky family environment, parental abuse, positive parenting); and community factors (neighborhood safety, neighborhood connection) on bully perpetration and victimization. The social-ecological model of bullying was supported, illustrating the complex psychological and social picture of youth involved in bullying. Suggestions for positive supports across the social ecology are presented.
Inflammatory Back Pain: Known or Suspected Axial Spondyloarthritis

The ACR Committee on Appropriateness Criteria and its expert panels have developed criteria for determining appropriate imaging examinations for diagnosis and treatment of specified medical condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, radiation oncologists and referring physicians in making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient’s clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Only those examinations generally used for evaluation of the patient’s condition are ranked. Other imaging studies necessary to evaluate other co-existent diseases or other medical consequences of this condition are not considered in this document. The availability of equipment or personnel may influence the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Imaging techniques classified as investigational by the FDA have not been considered in developing these criteria; however, study of new equipment and applications should be encouraged. The ultimate decision regarding the appropriateness of any specific radiologic examination or treatment must be made by the referring physician and radiologist in light of all the circumstances presented in an individual examination.
A Kinetic Energy Budget of a Subtropical Prefrontal Rainband Based on Dual-Doppler Measurements

Dual-Doppler data collected during the Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment (TAMEX) were used to study the kinetic energy balance of a subtropical prefrontal rainband over the Taiwan Strait. Fields of the system-relative wind and reflectivity were derived in a horizontal domain of 36 km by 40 km using the objective analysis scheme with 1-km grid spacing in all three directions, except in the lowest two levels where the height increment was chosen to be 0.5 km. There were ten analysis levels in the vertical ranging from 0.4 to 8.8 km. Vertical velocities were computed from the an elastic continuity equation by integrating downward with variational adjustment. Subsequently, fields of perturbation pressure and temperature were retrieved from a detailed wind field using the three momentum equations. The Doppler-derived winds and retrieved thermodynamic variables are then used to compute the magnitude of each term in the kinetic energy budget equation. Results show that the vertical total of the horizontal generation term acts as the main source of kinetic energy, while vertical totals of dissipation and the horizontal flux convergence/divergence of kinetic energy provide the main sinks. The horizontal flux convergence/divergence of kinetic energy is nearly balanced by the vertical flux convergence/divergence at most levels. In a similar manner, the vertical generation of kinetic energy term is almost in balance with the total buoyancy term. The computed tendencies show the decrease of mean kinetic energy at low levels and the increase at middle levels, which are attributable to the generation and redistribution of kinetic energy and latent heat releases by organized convection associated with the rainband. These findings are consistent with the weakening of a low-level jet and the formation of a middle-level jet at the times of convection as revealed by upper air observations. The budget study further demonstrates that the storm's meso-γ-scale environment is modified by areas of convection through scale interaction or ”feedback” mechanisms.
ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS IN NIGERIAN CLASSROOM “A CASE STUDY OF “OPON IMO” IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

The paper assessed the use into which students put the innovation of table of knowledge called oponimo. It also determined the perspective of teachers and students about the innovation and examined the factors influencing the use of the technology. This was with a view to determining the acceptability of the technology among teachers and students of the State of deployment. A total of 552 students and 120 teachers were involved in the study. Questionnaires and content analysis were employed in the procedure for data collection. Simple percentages and t-test were the statistical tools employed for analysis. The results showed that majority of the students ranging from 63% to 85% were not using the technology for envisaged tasks like reading books, completing assignment, practicing past questions and as a device for storing important information. The results also showed that the perception of students and teachers about the technology did not vary significantly. The perceptions were that the technology was to power and that many of them were using it for watching films and other forms of relaxation.
Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Severity of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Admissions and New Diagnoses

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new challenges to the diagnosis and management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many patients have had only limited access to their providers through telemedicine, and many chose to delay nonemergent treatment. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients with IBD seen by the Pediatric Gastroenterology Division at Doernbecher Children’s Hospital from January 2018 to August 2021 was conducted. The study cohort was divided into 2 groups: those presenting before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (January 1, 2018 to February 28, 2020) and those presenting during the pandemic (March 1, 2020 to August 1, 2021). Variables collected included: age, sex, race, ethnicity, IBD type, insurance type, location of residence. Primary outcome measures selected focused on disease severity, initial type of treatment, or surgical intervention offered. A subgroup analysis of the new diagnosis patients was performed. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, chi-squared analysis, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Results Two hundred and eleven patients met inclusion criteria, 107 (72 new diagnoses, 35 admissions) within the pre-COVID epoch and 104 (67 new diagnoses, 37 admissions) within the during-COVID epoch. Patients in the during-COVID epoch had higher fecal calprotectin level and were more likely to be started on a biologic as initial treatment. Patients admitted during COVID for IBD flare were more likely to require surgical intervention. Subgroup analysis of newly diagnosed patients revealed higher incidence of comorbid depression and anxiety. Conclusions Our review identified increased disease severity in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with IBD as well as pediatric patients admitted for flare during COVID. Increases in anxiety and depression rates during COVID may have contributed to worsened disease severity.
Premeal injection of rapid acting insulin reduces postprandial glycaemic excursions in type 1 diabetes

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Decadal Variability of the Extreme Hot Event in China and Its Association with Atmospheric Circulations

Using observational daily maximum temperature of Chinese 181 stations for the period of 1957-2004,the spatio-temporal features of the climatology and decadal variability of the extreme hot event(EHE) frequency,intensity,onset date(EHE-OD),and termination date(EHE-TD) are investigated.The climatological analysis indicates that southeastern China and Xinjiang are the two major domains for the EHE,and eastern China is a region with a strong interannual variability.The EHE experienced strong decadal variability in the last 48 years.The variabilities of the frequency and intensity are consistent,and the variabilities of the EHE-OD and EHE-TD are similar.Based on the EHE spatio-temporal feature,the whole China can be divided into four sub-regions:Southern China,central China,eastern northern China,and Northwest China.The EHE frequency is high in the 1960s and the 1980s for southern China,in the 1960s and the 1990s for central China,and in the 1990s for northern China.Further,the atmospheric circulations which are responsible for the interannual and decadal variability of the EHE in the above four sub-regions are explored.It suggests that the circulations impacting on the interannual and decadal variability are consistent.For northern China,the major circulation is the overlying geopotential height anomaly at middle-to-upper levels.For southern and central China,the major circulations are the overlying geopotential height anomaly at middle-to-upper levels and temperature advection by the meridional wind at lower levels.
Effect of Climate Change on Permafrost in the Past, Present, and Future

Both present and future climate changes associated with an anthropogenic increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosol in the atmosphere will affect, first of all, the natural-medium components that are most sensitive to changes in the thermal regime. One of such components is permafrost, which occurs throughout most of Russia’s territory. Major centers for extraction operations, first of all, for oil and gas production, are concentrated in permafrost regions. A decrease in ground bearing capacity, which is due to permafrost degradation, detrimentally affects both engineering and technical constructions and may finally result in damages of buildings, oil-and-gas pipelines, and life-support systems. It is possible to minimize the detrimental effect of geocryological processes through the adaptation of the infrastructure to climate changes, whose concrete forms must take into account permafrost condition forecasts.
LATE CRETACEOUS SUDAMERICID GONDWANATHERIANS FROM INDIA WITH PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC CONSIDERATIONS OF GONDWANAN MAMMALS

Abstract Gondwanatherians are a distinctive Cretaceous radiation of Gondwanan mammals. Fieldwork in the intertrappean beds of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, India has yielded a substantial collection of Maastrichtian mammals, including nine isolated teeth that represent at least two sudamericid gondwanatherians. We name a new taxon, Dakshina jederi, to which we refer six of the specimens and a previously unnamed form (VPL/JU/NKIM/25). The remaining specimens are identified as Gondwanatheria indeterminate. India's Late Cretaceous mammal fauna includes eutherians, a haramiyidan, and sudamericids. Whereas the eutherians likely represent a dispersal event from Laurasia and the haramiyidan represents a relictual distribution on Gondwana, the gondwanatherians are members of an endemic Gondwanan radiation. The sudamericid Dakshina possesses several derived features that suggest phylogenetic affinities with Lavanify from the Maastrichtian of Madagascar and to a lesser extent with Sudamerica from the Paleocene of Argentina. This pattern of phylogenetic relationships agrees with paleogeographic reconstructions for the breakup of Gondwana that hypothesize close biogeographic ties among India, Madagascar, and South America; however, gaps in our temporal and geographic sampling limit our understanding of biogeographic ties that India shares with Africa, Antarctica, and Australia.
Overcoming Hormone Resistance in Breast Cancer Cell Lines: The Impact of Combined Treatment with Sorafenib and Palbociclib on Cell Survival and Proliferation Pathways

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential synergy between Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, and Palbociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether the combination of these two drugs could enhance cell death in breast cancer cell lines. Methods: Cell Culture: Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines expressing estrogen receptors (ER-positive) and/or progesterone receptors (PR-positive) were selected for the study. Drug Treatment: Cells were treated with Sorafenib, Palbociclib, or a combination of both drugs. Cell Viability Assays: Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using MTT and BrdU assays, respectively. Immunoblotting: Protein expression and phosphorylation levels of key signaling molecules were analyzed to investigate the intracellular pathways affected by drug treatments. Statistical Analysis: Statistical comparisons were made between single-drug and combination-drug treatments to evaluate their effects on cell viability and proliferation. Results: Our study revealed the following key findings: Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells were chosen for this study due to their dependence on estrogen and progesterone for growth and division. Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, effectively targeted multiple signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, including Raf, VEGFR, PDGFR, and FLT3. Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, arrested cancer cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, preventing their progression into the S phase and subsequent proliferation. Contrary to expectations, the combination of Sorafenib and Palbociclib in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines did not result in enhanced cell death. Instead, it exhibited a proliferative effect. These unexpected results highlight the complexity of intracellular pathways and the potential for cross-talk between signaling pathways when drugs are combined. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study emphasizes the intricate and multifaceted nature of intracellular pathways in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The unanticipated proliferative effect of the Sorafenib and Palbociclib combination under-scores the importance of considering all possible mechanisms of action when designing drug combinations for cancer treat-ment. This study serves as a valuable reminder that therapies should not solely depend on the modulation of a single pathway but rather take into account the intricate web of interactions within the cellular environment. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed outcomes and to guide the development of more effective treatment strategies for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
THE ROLE OF PATENTS IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICTS). A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE

During the last decades, the number of ICT related patents has increased considerably. In association with a great fragmentation in IP rights, the increasing number of patents has generated a series of potentially problematic consequences. Patent thickets, royalty stacking, the emergence of patent assertion entities, increased patent litigation – in particular around standard essential patents – and the difficulties in the definition of fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) licensing terms are among the most debated issues in the literature that we review in this paper. We devote a specific section of our survey to patents involving software products, where the above problems are amplified by the high level of abstraction of computer algorithms. In our analysis we mix theoretical and empirical arguments with a more policy-oriented reasoning. This allows us to better position the different issues in the relevant political and economic context.
essential oil as a feed additive on

: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rosemary essential oil (REO) supplemen - tation on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation in calves throughout the suckling period. Fourty Holstein calves were randomly divided to four dietary groups. Each group consisted of 10 calves; control with no REO supplementation (CON), supplementation of 500 mg/d REO (REO1), supplementation of 1000 mg/d REO (REO2) and supplementation of 2000 mg/d REO (REO3). REO supplementation quadratically increased (P<0.05) the calf starter (CS) intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. Calves fed REO1 and REO2 had the highest CS intake and ADG. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was lower (P=0.02) for calves fed REO3 than calves fed REO1, but total volatile fatty acids concentration was higher (P<0.01) for calves fed REO1 compared with calves fed CON and REO3. The concentrations of ghrelin, NEFA and BHBA increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of REO. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the highest concentration of ghrelin. Cholesterol concentration decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing REO levels on d 56. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the lowest cholesterol concentration. Also, serum IgG concentration was higher (P<0.01) in calves fed REO2 and REO3 compared with calves fed CON on d 28. It was concluded that the addition of different amounts of rosemary essential oil can positively change some rumen and blood metabolites of calves, as well as the supplementation of REO may have a beneficial effect on growth performance by increasing ghrelin.
DECONSTRUCTING THE CONSUMPTION FUNCTION : NEW TOOLS AND OLD PROBLEMS by

Over many years, the aggregate consumption function has provided a context in which problems of econometric modelling have been debated and from which significant innovations in methodology have emerged. Whereas such innovations have advanced the subject of econometrics, none of them has been wholly appropriate to the aggregate consumption function itself. This may be one of the reasons why the consumption function has remained a focus of attention. The vestiges of our misconceptions tend to linger in our minds long after we have consciously amended our beliefs. Our view of the consumption function is particularly prone to the effects of ideas that have not been properly discarded despite their inapplicability. Therefore, in setting a context for our discussion, it is helpful to recount some of the history of the consumption function. The first difficulties that were encountered in modelling the aggregate consumption function arose from a conflict between Keynesian theory and the empirical findings of Kuznets (1946) and others. Whereas the theory of Keynes (1936) postulated average and marginal propensities to consume that declined with income, it was discovered that income and consumption had maintained a rough proportionality over many years. At the same time, the econometricians were conscious that there is a double relationship between income and consumption, which follows from the fact that consumption expenditures are a major factor in determining the level of aggregate income. The failure to take account of the second relationship might lead to biases in the estimated coefficients of the consumption function.