Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Models of capitalism

Shonfield’s work, 2 which examined the role of various institutions surrounding the economy – various branches of the state, banks, stock exchanges – in a number of Western European countries, the United States and Japan. Although he thought some were more efficient than others – in particular, he was impressed by those that inserted some elements of planning into otherwise free markets – he did not talk in terms of historical transcendence. When more theoretically inclined political scientists and sociologists returned to considering economic questions in the 1980s, they resumed Shonfield’s concern with national politico-economic systems and hence national varieties of capitalism. Occasionally sub-types would be recognised within a national economy (mainly with regard to Italy and Spain), but these sub-types have nearly always been geographically subdivided, so the concept of territorially based economies has been retained. This does not mean that each nation-state has been seen as embodying its own unique form of capitalism; rather, national cases are grouped together under a small number of contrasted types. This literature has many achievements. It has provided an intellectual counterweight to easy arguments about globalisation, which predict an inevitable trend towards similarity among the world’s economies. Neoinstitutionalist accounts of diversity have provided both theoretical arguments and some empirical demonstrations to suggest that these may be great oversimplifications. However, if we are to model the diversity of economic institutions more scientifically, and particularly if we are to study institutional change and innovation, we need to deconstruct
Evaluation of Evapotranspiration Estimates in the Yellow River Basin against the Water Balance Method

Evapotranspiration (ET), a critical process in global climate change, is very difficult to estimate at regional and basin scales. In this study, we evaluated five ET products: the Global Land Surface Evaporation with the Amsterdam Methodology (GLEAM, the EartH2Observe ensemble (E2O)), the Global Land Data Assimilation System with Noah Land Surface Model-2 (GLDAS), a global ET product at 8 km resolution from Zhang (ZHANG) and a supplemental land surface product of the Modern-ERA Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA_land), using the water balance method in the Yellow River Basin, China, including twelve catchments, during the period of 1982–2000. The results showed that these ET products have obvious different performances, in terms of either their magnitude or temporal variations. From the viewpoint of multiple-year averages, the MERRA_land product shows a fairly similar magnitude to the ETw derived from the water balance method, while the E2O product shows significant underestimations. The GLEAM product shows the highest correlation coefficient. From the viewpoint of interannual variations, the ZHANG product performs best in terms of magnitude, while the E2O still shows significant underestimations. However, the E2O product best describes the interannual variations among the five ET products. Further study has indicated that the discrepancies between the ET products in the Yellow River Basin are mainly due to the quality of precipitation forcing data. In addition, most ET products seem to not be sensitive to the downward shortwave radiation.
Intrafamilial Surrogacy: Motivations, Imaginary and Current Reality

In some countries it happens that a person or a couple making use of medically assisted reproductive technology prefers (if possible) to use as gamete donor or a surrogate woman a person from within their own family, whether this person offers their services spontaneously or is asked to help: sisters who donate eggs to their sisters, brothers who donate sperm to their brothers, mothers who carry their future grandchildren in their own womb or vice versa. The aim of this article is to investigate the issue of intrafamilial donation, with particular focus on intrafamilial surrogacy. Our analysis will be based on the results of a survey conducted on the wider topic of the social imaginary associated with medically assisted procration.
On the potential of very high-resolution repeat DEMs in glacial and periglacial environments

Abstract. The potential of high-resolution repeat DEMs was investigated for glaciological applications including periglacial features (e.g. rock glaciers). It was shown that glacier boundaries can be delineated using airborne LIDAR-DEMs as a primary data source and that information on debris cover extent could be extracted using multi-temporal DEMs. Problems and limitations are discussed, and accuracies quantified. Absolute deviations of airborne laser scanning (ALS) derived glacier boundaries from ground-truthed ones were below 4 m for 80% of the ground-truthed values. Overall, we estimated an accuracy of +/−1.5% of the glacier area for glaciers larger than 1 km2. The errors in the case of smaller glaciers did not exceed +/−5% of the glacier area. The use of repeat DEMs in order to obtain information on the extent, characteristics and activity of rock glaciers was investigated and discussed based on examples.
Field evaluation of a vibrating dual bent-share cultivator

In this research, the suitability of a vibrating dual bent-share cultivator was studied. Therefore, an eccentric pin-slider mechanism was designed to vibrate the two shanks laterally, using a tractor power take-off. The present study investigates the field performance of the vibrating dual bent-share cultivator with three different vibration frequencies (0, 0.88, and 2 Hz) in a clay loam soil at two working depths (100 and 200 mm) and having a water content of a 0.7 or 0.9 plastic limit. The lowest values of the draught, specific draught, and MWD were recorded at a vibration frequency of 2 Hz and a working depth of 100 mm. The draught force, specific draught, and MWD of the non-vibration implement were reduced by using a vibration frequency of 2 Hz. The coefficient of determination and F-values proved that the vibration frequency was more effective than the soil water content and the working depth on the draught, specific draught, and MWD. Although a dual bent-share cultivator needs low energy compared with a mould-board plough, the vibration of the dual bent-share cultivator may be recommended as an efficient energy-demanding implement in the soil manipulation process.
Circulating Non-Coding RNAs in Head and Neck Cancer: Roles in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Monitoring

Head and neck cancer (HNC), the seventh most common form of cancer worldwide, is a group of epithelial malignancies affecting sites in the upper aerodigestive tract. The 5-year overall survival for patients with HNC has stayed around 40–50% for decades, with mortality being attributable mainly to late diagnosis and recurrence. Recently, non-coding RNAs, including tRNA halves, YRNA fragments, microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been identified in the blood and saliva of patients diagnosed with HNC. These observations have recently fueled the study of their potential use in early detection, diagnosis, and risk assessment. The present review focuses on recent insights and the potential impact that circulating non-coding RNA evaluation may have on clinical decision-making in the management of HNC.
Twenty-four-hour endocrine and metabolic profiles following consumption of high-fructose corn syrup-, sucrose-, fructose-, and glucose-sweetened beverages with meals 1 – 3

Background: We have reported that, compared with glucosesweetened beverages, consuming fructose-sweetened beverages with meals results in lower 24-h circulating glucose, insulin, and leptin concentrations and elevated triacylglycerol (TG). However, pure fructose and glucose are not commonly used as sweeteners. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has replaced sucrose as the predominant sweetener in beverages in the United States. Objective: We compared the metabolic/endocrine effects of HFCS with sucrose and, in a subset of subjects, with pure fructose and glucose. Design: Thirty-four men and women consumed 3 isocaloric meals with either sucroseor HFCS-sweetened beverages, and blood samples were collected over 24 h. Eight of the male subjects were also studied when fructoseor glucose-sweetened beverages were consumed. Results: In 34 subjects, 24-h glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, and TG profiles were similar between days that sucrose or HFCS was consumed. Postprandial TG excursions after HFCS or sucrose were larger in men than in women. In the men in whom the effects of 4 sweeteners were compared, the 24-h glucose and insulin responses induced by HFCS and sucrose were intermediate between the lower responses during consumption of fructose and the higher responses during glucose. Unexpectedly, postprandial TG profiles after HFCS or sucrose were not intermediate but comparably high as after pure fructose. Conclusions: Sucrose and HFCS do not have substantially different short-term endocrine/metabolic effects. In male subjects, short-term consumption of sucrose and HFCS resulted in postprandial TG responses comparable to those induced by fructose. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1194–203.
Optimum conditions for citric acid production from local Aspergillus niger S11 isolate by submerged fermentation

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for the production of citric acid from local isolates. Fifty local strains of Aspergillus niger were isolated from different sources. These isolates were screened for the production of citric acid by submerged fermentation. Aspergillus niger S11 isolated from zahdi dates was the best isolate for production of the highest citric acid (37.116 g/L) yield by submerged fermentation using Czapekdox as culture medium and (25.543 g/L) concentration from dates as a production medium. The optimum conditions for citric acid production from this local isolate were studied by submerged fermentation, using a mediu m composed of pH 4.0, temperature 30 ˚C, sucrose concentration 11 % (w/v), and inoculum size 5 % (v/v). Under these conditions, the concentration of citric acid produced, the biomass concentration, and residual sugar concentration were 37.116 g/L, 26.4 g/L, and 2.1 g/L, respectively. culture. spores removed under conditions. The suspension transferred to a sterile test Spores were counted by Haemocytometer (Neubauer Pharmacy Instruments, India) and adjusted to (5-25*106 for citric acid and consumed sugar determination.
Reactivationof EmbryonicNodal Signaling Is AssociatedWithTumorProgression andPromotes the Growthof ProstateCancerCells

Mitchell G. Lawrence, Naira V. Margaryan, Daniela Loessner, Angus Collins, Kris M. Kerr, Megan Turner, Elisabeth A. Seftor, Carson R. Stephens, John Lai, APC BioResource, Lynne-Marie Postovit, Judith A. Clements,** and Mary J.C. Hendrix* Australian Prostate Cancer ResearchCentre-Queensland, Institute ofHealthandBiomedical Innovation, QueenslandUniversityof Technology, Brisbane,Queensland, Australia PrograminCancer BiologyandEpigenomics,Children’sMemorial ResearchCenter, Feinberg SchoolofMedicine,NorthwesternUniversity,Chicago, Illinois SullivanNicolaides Pathology, Brisbane,Queensland, Australia Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource, Brisbane,Queensland, Australia Departmentof AnatomyandCell Biology, Schulich SchoolofMedicineandDentistry, UniversityofWesternOntario, London,Ontario,Canada
Do support sheets actually support students? A content analysis of student support sheets for exams

In science and engineering courses, instructors often administer multiple examinations as major assessments of students’ learning. Some instructors allow students to use a page of notes, sometimes called “cheat sheet,” “crib sheet,” or “support sheet” to aid them during the exam. In this case, the professor called it a “support sheet” in order to emphasize the to the students the usefulness she sees in constructing them. Anecdotal evidence has shown that students’ performance on course material retention and performance on exams increases if the student constructs a support sheet. What exactly students record on the support sheets varies between each student. Students may feel daunted on deciding what to record on the support sheet. The aim of this study is to determine if there exists a relationship between what is recorded on the support sheet and the students’ performance on the exam and in the course for an undergraduate mechanics of materials class. Through this study, we want to find any commonalities on support sheet material across all students using content analysis. The results of this study may show which categories recorded correspond with the highest performance. In addition, we will investigate students’ organization of the support sheet and whether this effects performance. The data set collected is comprised of over 200 support sheets from a final exam in an undergraduate mechanics of material course. For this study, a subset of 30 support sheets are used as a preliminary analysis. The instructor made creating a support sheet and turning it in with the final mandatory. The final exam was cumulative, and students could record anything that they believed may aid them during the exam, limited to one page, front and back. The data was analyzed by grouping the support sheets by categories, for example, if the support sheet is comprised mostly of equations, conceptual topics, examples, or combination of the three. We also considered the density and organization of the support sheets. Each category will be compared to the students’ performance. Moreover, we will also investigate the frequency of these categories across all support sheets. This paper would likely interest instructors and students alike. Instructors will be able to determine if allowing students to include a support sheet is beneficial, and specifically inform students what information has been shown to be useful to include. Students will have a better idea of how to construct a support sheet that will be beneficial to their performance.
Years of Symmetrical Components

28 June 2018 was the 100th anniversary of the first presentation on symmetrical components made by Charles LeGeyt Fortescue at the 34th Annual Convention of the American Institute of the Electrical Engineers in Atlantic City (NJ, USA). The introduction of the symmetrical component concept was immediately seen as a milestone for electrical system studies, and many applications have been developed during the ensuing years. Today, refined or advanced contributions to conceptual and practical aspects of electrical applications are still being proposed based on the powerful structure of symmetrical components. This paper recalls the most significant steps made in the electrical engineering field after the introduction of the symmetrical component theory, and indicates recent developments concerning the studies on electrical machines, harmonics and interharmonics in different applications, and the operation of power and distribution systems with distributed energy resources.
Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in ERG11 of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern Saudi Arabia

Candida auris is an emerging multi-drug resistant pathogen with high mortality rate; nosocomial infections have been reported worldwide, causing a major challenge for clinicians and microbiological laboratories. The study aims to describe new cases of C. auris and detect drug resistance-associated mutations of C. auris by the sequencing of ERG11 and FKS1 genes. A total of six specimens were collected from blood, urine, ear swab, and groin screening samples. Isolates were incubated for 48 h on Sabouraud Dextrose agar (SDA) at 42 °C, then confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. Furthermore, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the Vitek 2 system to detect Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of six antifungals. Sequences of 18S rRNA gene and ITS regions from isolates and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Gene sequencing was analysed to detect drug resistance-associated mutations by FKS1 and ERG11 genes sequencing. All C. auris isolates were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS, and evolutionary analyses using sequences of 18S rRNA gene and ITS region. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Sequencing of ERG11 and FKS1 genes from the isolates revealed the presence of two (F132Y and K143R) drug resistance-associated mutations in ERG11, however, FKS1 gene was devoid of mutations. The study sheds light on a public health threat of an emerging pathogen, and the hospital implemented strict contact screening and infection control precautions to prevent C. auris infection. Finally, there is a critical need to monitor the antifungal resistance in different geographical areas and implementation of efficient guidelines for treatment.
Hypertension and Alzheimer's disease: is the picture any clearer?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The relationship between hypertension and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex and varies across the lifespan. Studies have suggested that midlife hypertension is a risk factor for AD, although studies of late life hypertension have suggested that it either has no effect or a weak protective effect. RECENT FINDINGS Animal models of induced and spontaneous hypertension have found that AD pathological change (β-amyloid plaques and tau tangles) occurs within weeks of a hypertensive insult. Human imaging and autopsy studies indicate that midlife and late life hypertension are associated with increased AD pathological change. Meta-analyses of longitudinal studies indicate that midlife rather than late life hypertension is a risk factor for AD. New areas of research have suggested that rather than mean blood pressure (BP), it is the negative BP trajectories or the variability of BP that contributes to AD. In a number of meta-analyses of antihypertensive medications and their effect on AD, there were weak associations between improved AD outcomes and treatment. SUMMARY The combined analysis of animal, human clinical/pathological, epidemiological and drug trial data indicates that hypertension increases the risk of AD and treatment of hypertension may be an appropriate preventive measure.
Ouabain Promotes Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication in Cancer Cells

Gap junctions are molecular structures that allow communication between neighboring cells. It has been shown that gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is notoriously reduced in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. Ouabain, a plant derived substance, widely known for its therapeutic properties on the heart, has been shown to play a role in several types of cancer, although its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. Since we have previously shown that ouabain enhances GJIC in epithelial cells (MDCK), here we probed whether ouabain affects GJIC in a variety of cancer cell lines, including cervico-uterine (CasKi, SiHa and Hela), breast (MDA-MB-321 and MCF7), lung (A549), colon (SW480) and pancreas (HPAF-II). For this purpose, we conducted dye transfer assays to measure and compare GJIC in monolayers of cells with and without treatment with ouabain (0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 500 nM). We found that ouabain induces a statistically significant enhancement of GJIC in all of these cancer cell lines, albeit with distinct sensitivity. Additionally, we show that synthesis of new nucleotides or protein subunits is not required, and that Csrc, ErK1/2 and ROCK-Rho mediate the signaling mechanisms. These results may contribute to explaining how ouabain influences cancer.
Government Subsidy Dependence and Stock Price Crash Risk

We evaluate the association between government subsidy dependence and stock price crash risk for a large sample of Chinese non-financial listed firms from 2003 to 2018. The results show that firms with high dependence on government subsidies are associated with great stock price crash risk. The decomposition of government subsidies shows that fiscal subsidies are the driving force of stock price crashes. The decomposition of government subsidies shows that fiscal subsidies are the driving force of stock price crashes. The positive association is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises and firms with strong political connection and weak monitoring. Moreover, we identify financial restatement and valuation uncertainty as the two possible mechanisms through which government subsidy dependence increase crash risk. Our findings highlight the negative consequences of government subsidy on financial risk of firms and provide implications for regulatory agencies and investors.
Dual spaces of anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy spaces

Let $\vec{a}:=(a_1,\ldots,a_n)\in[1,\infty)^n$, $\vec{p}:=(p_1,\ldots,p_n)\in(0,\infty)^n$ and $H_{\vec{a}}^{\vec{p}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ be the anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy space associated with $\vec{a}$ defined via the non-tangential grand maximal function. In this article, the authors give the dual space of $H_{\vec{a}}^{\vec{p}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, which was asked by Cleanthous et al. in [J. Geom. Anal. 27 (2017), 2758-2787]. More precisely, via first introducing the anisotropic mixed-norm Campanato space $\mathcal{L}_{\vec{p},\,q,\,s}^{\vec{a}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with $q\in[1,\infty]$ and $s\in\mathbb{Z}_+:=\{0,1,\ldots\}$, and applying the known atomic and finite atomic characterizations of $H_{\vec{a}}^{\vec{p}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, the authors prove that the dual space of $H_{\vec{a}}^{\vec{p}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is the space $\mathcal{L}_{\vec{p},\,r',\,s}^{\vec{a}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with $\vec{p}\in(0,1]^n$, $r\in(1,\infty]$, $1/r+1/r'=1$ and $s\in[\lfloor\frac{\nu}{a_-}(\frac{1}{p_-}-1) \rfloor,\infty)\cap\mathbb{Z}_+$, where $\nu:=a_1+\cdots+a_n$, $a_-:=\min\{a_1,\ldots,a_n\}$, $p_-:=\min\{p_1,\ldots,p_n\}$ and, for any $t\in \mathbb{R}$, $\lfloor t\rfloor$ denotes the largest integer not greater than $t$. This duality result is new even for the isotropic mixed-norm Hardy spaces on $\mathbb{R}^n$.
Functional outcome of lumbar canal stenosis treated by decompression and fixation

Introduction: Low back pain affects every population and is one of foremost debilitating condition and is considered as one of the most unrewarding problems, especially in the age group 40 –75 years, during the stage of instability. Despite an improving understanding of degenerative disc disease, treatment results vary greatly, and we studied the functional outcomes of lumbar canal stenosis treated by Decompression and Pedicle Screw Fixation.Methods: Our study included a total of 30 diagnosed cases of lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse between age group 40-75 years between February 2018 and February 2019 at KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru, unresponsive to conservative management during the period. The patient’s clinical characteristics had been reviewed prospectively including clinical presentations, preoperative medical comorbidities, intraoperative status, and postoperative status. Oswestry disability index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS) and patient satisfaction were evaluated before surgery and last follow-up period.Results: There was no significant difference in diagnosis with respect to the level of IVDP and number of levels operated. There were improvements in ODI and VAS and functional outcome of patients before and after the operation. During the average follow-up period, 100% of patients had varying degrees of symptomatic relief. The lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw technique provided strong spinal segment fixation and a reliable ground for bone arthrodesis. No patient needed any additional modality of treatment or reoperation for recurrence of symptoms.