Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS OF ALBACORE, THUNNUS ALALUNGA, AND YELLOWFIN, THUNNUS ALABACARES, AND SKIPJACK, KATSUWONUS PELAMIS. TUNA

Chromosomal analysis is being used as part of an investigation of the population stock structure of the North Pacific albacore, Thunnus alalunga. There is a growing body of evidence (Brock 1943; Laurs and Lynn 1977; Laurs and Wetherall 1981; Laurs 1983) thet North Pacific albacore are not as homogeneous as usually assumed (Clemens 1961; Otsu and Uchida 1963). Results from recent tagging studies suggest that northern and southern substocks constitute the North Pacific albacore population and that these proposed substocks have different migratory patterns (Laurs and Nishimoto 1979l; Laurs 1983). Laurs and Wetherall (1981) also found that the growth rates were significantly different in the two proposed substocks. In addition, the differences in growth rate are consistent with differences in length frequencies of albacore caught in commercial fisheries off North America (Brock 1943; Laurs and Lynn 1977). In this paper we report results from chromosomal analysis using C-banding for albacore (from the proposed North Pacific southern substock) and compare them with similar results obtained for yellowfin, Thunnus alabacares, and skipjack, Katsuwonus pelamis, tuna. We demonstrate that there is a chromosomal basis for placing the albacore and the yellowfin tuna in the genus Thunnus and that recognizable chromosomal differences exist between the genera Thunnus and Katsuwonus. These findings corroborate the taxonomy of the albacore and the yeliowfin and skipjack tuna based on comparative anatomy (Gibbs and Collette 1967; Collette 1978). The results reported here are from part of a larger study, which is helping us to evaluate if genetic heterogeneity exists in the North Pacific albacore population. Information on chromosome characteristics is scarce for fishes, and to our knowledge this is the first time chromosome analyses have been reported for scombrid fishes.
Alteration in periodontal pathogens and periodontal status in patients with nasogastric tube feeding- A clinical and microbiological study

Introduction: The oral indigenous microbiota exists in a state of balance with the host, but the long-term use of tube feeding alters the intraoral conditions in general and periodontal microbiota in particular. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nasogastric tube feeding on the periodontal microbiota and to explore the periodontal status in patients with nasogastric tube feeding. Method-In this study, the plaque microbiota of subjects fed enterally was compared comprehensively with that of subjects fed orally to characterize the oral indigenous microbiota of tube-fed patients. Thirty patients with nasogastric tube feeding (test group) and thirty patients fed orally (control group) were recruited for the study. Periodontal health status was assessed by plaque index and gingival bleeding by using William’s periodontal probe. Microbiological evaluation was done by quantitative cultures of dental plaque 7 days after nasogastric tube insertion. In controls, cultures of plaque and buccal mucosa were done after 7 days of hospitalization. Results: A high prevalence of potentially pathogenic isolations was found in tuboenterally fed patients in Group I as compared to Group II along with increased bleeding sites and plaque index. Conclusion: On the basis of the observed results of the study, we can concluded that the risk for periodontal disease appeared to be significantly elevated in patients with nasogastric tube feeding. Keywords: Nasogastric tube feeding, Periodontopathogenic bacteria, Microbial cultures.
CGU HS Committee on River Ice Processes and the Environment

Ice breakup is a controlling factor in the hydrology of arctic deltas, including the Mackenzie River Delta, which is characterized by a flat front and numerous channels and lakes. Ice jams forming during the spring breakup typically produce the highest water levels of the year. The resulting flooding of delta lakes provides essential replenishment with water, sediment and nutrients. Growing concerns about potential development and climate impacts have prompted a major study of delta hydroecology under the auspices of the International Polar Year. One component of this study aims to document breakup and jamming processes in the highly complex delta environment, and to gather essential quantitative data for calibration and application of numerical prediction models. Progress to date is described herein, with emphasis on first-time comprehensive measurements that were carried out during the 2007 and 2008 breakup events. Because of the extremely low slopes of the delta channels, mechanical breakup (2008 event) is driven by javes originating in the lower reaches of the Mackenzie River. Water level hydrographs and dynamic effects were recorded by means of numerous data loggers placed at key locations along the delta channels. Low-level oblique aerial photography was also used for additional water-level data and for shear wall heights, serving as rough indicators of jam thickness. To facilitate the analysis of the field data, numerous channel cross sections were also surveyed during open water conditions in 2007 and 2008. Examples of key data sets are presented and future research opportunities discussed.
Outcomes of a survey of dry eye disease amongst cigarette smokers in a peripheral medical college

Aim: To find out an association, if any, between smoking and dry eye diseases and whether it has any relation to the number of cigarettes smoked. Materials and Methods: Patients attending the hospital outpatient department were enquired about smoking and then given the option to enrol in the study following a written and informed consent. Depending on the number of cigarettes they smoked, patients were divided in three groups, namely low, moderate and high smokers based on the heaviness of Smoking Index. They were labelled as Group A, B and C respectively. Symptomatic assessment of each group was done by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and a score greater than 12 was considered meaningful. Clinical evaluation was done by performing TBUT and Schirmer’s test. Respective cut off values were 10 seconds and 10 mm. Deviations from established normal values were observed and analyzed. Results: A total of 205 patients participated in this study of which 90.7% (n= 186) were males and 9.3% (n= 19) were females. 30.7% (n= 63) patients were low smokers (Group A), 42.9% (n= 88) were moderate smokers (Group B) and 26.3% (n= 54) were high smokers (Group C). The mean TBUT and OSDI scores showed progressive deterioration from Group A to C, whereas the mean Schirmer’s values across all groups remained relatively unaffected. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking had a deleterious effect on the health of the ocular surface, but the aqueous tear secretion remained unaffected. Keywords: Smoking, Dry eyes, OSDI, TBUT, Schirmer’s test.
Study of Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and Other Lipid Indices in Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram negative bacterium that naturally colonizes the gastric epithelium, which causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Recent studies have shown that it may interfere with many biological processes and influence the occurrence of many diseases outside the stomach. Many studies have proposed a link between H. pylori infection and atherosclerosis. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) has been considered as a strong marker to predict the risk of atherosclerosis. The present study was done to assess the correlation between AIP and other lipid indices with H. pylori infection. The study comprised of 50 biopsy proven H. pylori cases and 50 age-sex matched controls. Blood samples were collected in fasting state and analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL) and LDL-cholesterol and the lipid indices were calculated. Lipid indices like AIP, CRI 1 & 2 & AC were significantly higher in H. pylori infected cases compared to controls. Hence these lipid indices can be used for identifying individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases in H. pylori infected patients.
Learning Motivation and Mathematics Achievement among Form Four Students in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018. 6.9. 5 Abstract: The International student’s participation report in PISA 2012, the achievement of Malaysian students’ performance in mathematics is below the international average score. Many studies have found that mathematics achievement is influenced by student motivation factor. The objectives of study were to measure the reliability of learning motivational items,to measure the level of learning motivation and mathematics achievement and to identify the extent of the relationship between them. A total of 100 respondents from Form 4 students, 33 males and 67 female students were participated in study. Part A consists of seven demographic items and part B were measure motivational learning using are Motivation Strategy Questionnaire for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) which consisted of six dimensions, namely intrinsic orientation goals, extrinsic orientation goals, work values, learning confidence controls, self-efficacy learning and performance and test anxiety. Reliability Analysis showed that Cronbach coefficient of 0.970 and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to test the validity of the learning motivation construct too. For learning motivational variables, only 2 items were itemized which are item 8 and item 28 from test anxiety. Findings showed that overall mathematical achievement and learning motivation were moderate with mean 2.56 and 4.38. There was a positive significant relationship between learning motivation and mathematics achievement. The findings also showed that extrinsic dimensions, work values and efficacy have significant positive relationships with mathematical achievements However, the control of trust and test anxiety have negative relationships with mathematics achievement. Motivational factors played a very important role in influencing the Mathematics achievement. Highly motivated students can certainly achieved better academic achievement.
Editorial 4-EN.pmd

The indication, implementation, evaluation and dissemination of the results of surgical treatments for carotid arteries have become more widespread and available in recent years, during a phase of enthusiasm motivated by a variety of factors. Few surgical procedures were as well-evaluated, audited and widespread as carotid endarterectomy. But there wasn’t enough evidence of a good cost-benefit ratio for it to be more widely accepted. Actually, there was and still is a great “problem” associated with carotid endarterectomy, which is the fact that this procedure does not provide enhanced value. In reality, eliminating the diagnostic arteriography with its risk of neurological complications (0.5% -1.5%) as well as eliminating some of the industrial steps (radiography, contrast, catheter and operator of the procedure, etc.). This resulted in economic losses for these sectors, but also offered proven benefits for patients. In the face of economic loss, the aforementioned sectors attempted to maintain their profits and used a very intelligent strategy: they offered a “friendly suggestion” of a treatment known to be non-invasive. Representatives were quick to publicize their idea: “Why not replace an incision in the neck by a small hole in the groin, performed with local anesthesia? The economic motivation was very strong, and logistical conditions were favorable. If the hemodynamicist navigates his catheter into the ascending aorta towards the coronary arteries for cinecoronariography, could he not expand its incursion and guide the catheter through the arch and contrast the carotid arteries? And, if the hemodynamicist finds 70% stenosis in a carotid lesion even in an asymptomatic patient why can’t he enlarge this stenosis, which “could be dangerous”? These suggestions became largely accepted in the industry. The diffusion of carotid angioplasty/stenting in the field of cardiology was first performed by Diethrich et al. [1] and Roubin et al. [2]. In the beginning, the results were unfavorable. Even so, the cardiology community believed in what they heard in medical conferences, particularly because of the wolf in sheep’s clothing that was the possibility of minimally Editorial
The Novel Implication of Androgen in Diabetes-induced Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in the brain, leading to the increase in inflammation and neuronal loss. Recently, evidences to support the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and AD have markedly increased by clinical researches and experimental studies. Reduced insulin action and impaired glucose metabolism in the brain leads to diabetes induced AD. Androgen, a male sex hormone, was known to regulate inflammatory response, Aβ deposition in AD, insulin signaling, and synaptic plasticity in brain. Clinical studies demonstrated that androgen deficiency results in the increased risk of AD and its severe progression in male subjects. We reviewed the significant evidences to support that low testosterone levels are linked to diabetes-induced AD based on previous studies. Thus, we highlight the therapeutic potential of androgen in diabetes induced AD. (J Lipid Atheroscler 2017 December;6(2):66-74)
The Effects of Station Rotation Model (SRM) and Lecture Method on Blended learning on Secondary School Students’ Performance on Reading Comprehension

The study investigated the effects of Station Rotation Model (SRM) in public secondary school students‟ performance in reading comprehension in Delta State, using a quasiexperimental design of the pretest, protest and control type. A sample of 50 students were randomly selected using a purposive sampling technique on a population of 1480 students of SSS II in three schools in three Local Government Areas of Delta State. The instrument to elicit students‟ Performance is Reading Comprehension Performance Test (RCPT) pretest and posttest with reliability coefficients of 0.78 and 0.84 respectively. Three research questions were formulated to guide the study while three hypotheses were stated and tested at 0.05 significance level. Data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistics of mean and percentage to answer research questions while inferential statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test hypotheses. Results show that at 0.05 significance level and df (2, 99) there is no significant difference between students mean performance taught Reading comprehension using the Station Rotation Model and those taught using the Lecture Method. There is no significant difference between the mean performance scores of the male and female students taught reading comprehension using the Station Rotation Model (SRM) form of blended learning strategy. However, descriptive analysis show that the mean difference performance scores of the female students is greater than those of their male counterparts (6.52 > 5.44).
Consumption of Mucuna urens (Ibaba) Alters the Cellular Configuration of the Testes in Male Mice

DOI: 10.21276/sb.2018. 4.4. 5 Abstract: Histomorphological assessment of the testes of mice exposed to the ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens were investigated in 24 male mice weighing between 20 – 30g. The mice were divided into four groups of six mice each. Group 1 was the control, while group 2, 3 and 4 were the experimental groups. 80 seeds of Mucuna urens were macerated and the content was extracted using 1000mls of absolute alcohol, filtered and dried in water-bath at 45°C. 1000mg of the extract was dissolved in 50mls of distilled water and 50mls of 30% tween 80. The extract was administered orally for 7 days. Group 1 was administered 5ml distilled water, group 2 were administered 100mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens, group 3 were administered 200mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens and group 4 were administered 300mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens. After sacrifice, the testes was harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, dehydrated in alcohol, cleared in xylene, infiltrated in molten paraffin wax and embedded. The tissues were processed to paraffin sections, cut at 5 microns, stained in H&E staining technique and the cytoarchitecture was viewed with light microscope. Photomicrograph of group 1 showed normal blood vessels, seminiferous tubules and interstitial connective tissues. Photomicrograph of group 2 showed lesion blood vessels, shrinking seminiferous tubule and mild eroded interstitial connective tissues. Photomicrograph of group 3 showed hemorrhage, severely shrinking seminiferous tubules and severely eroded interstitial connectively tissue. Photomicrograph of group 4 showed degenerated blood vessels, degenerated seminiferous tubules and severely eroded interstitial connective tissues. Severity was dependent on dose and duration. The ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens may lead to fertility impairment by altering the ultrastructure of the testes.
Can Activity-Based Costing reform school finance and help improve student achievement?

Financial data provided to school leaders is inadequate. Present reporting systems obstruct efforts to direct financial resources to where they will benefit student learning most. Traditional school accounting systems lack specificity about how funds are consumed, and fail to connect spending to student performance. This article reviews research on attempts to improve school reporting systems and efforts to determine if the level of financial resources, or redirection of them, improves student outcomes. It specifically addresses Activity-Based Costing’s potential and whether, if paired with the relative autonomy of charter schools, it can provide the information needed to help leaders make intelligent decisions to improve student outcomes. The findings show that resources do impact student learning, and that better information provided to school management improves its ability to direct funds where they will do the most good, but that a comprehensive Activity-Based Costing system is not feasible due to implementation cost and administrative burden. Capturing school-level costs at relatively autonomous charter schools is a more practicable approach, and a potential template for doing so is outlined. Next steps for connecting that data to student outcomes as a path toward improving achievement are suggested.
Knowledge and Attitute of Dental Practitioners of Karachi towards Usage of Endodontic Files: A Cross Sectional Study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the current trends in usage, handling and dispensation of endodontic files by the dental practitioners of Karachi. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, two hundred and seventy survey performas were distributed to the dental teaching institutes and private dental clinics of Karachi. Survey participants were questioned about the preferred type of endodontic therapy, file system, method of dispensation of files, method of disinfection or sterilization of used files, criteria to discard used endodontic files and the preferred method of removal of debris from used files. SPSS version 21 was used for the calculation of frequency and percentage for statistical analysis. Results: Total two hundred and seventy survey forms were distributed out of which 200 were received with total response rate of 70.07%. 45.5% of dental practitioners perform manual root canal where as 19.5% prefer rotary endodontics. 82.25% respondents preferred to use Protaper files for rotary endodontics. 69.5% of the participants dipped the files in hydrogen peroxide while 20% kept their files in sodium hypochlorite while performing endodontic therapy. Autoclaving of the used files was found to be most common method amongst 87.5% of the participants and 80% of the respondents discard the files on first sign of deformation. 53% of the respondents dipped files in hydrogen peroxide to remove debris after usage. Conclusion: It was concluded that amongst the dental practitioners of Karachi, many follow the basic protocol to discard and reuse endodontic files. But majority of the practitioners keep endodontic files unnecessarily in agents not recommended for this purpose.
University of Birmingham Parametric limits

We develop a categorical model of polymorphic lambda calculi using a notion called parametric limits, which extend the notion of limits in categories to re-(cid:13)exive graphs of categories. We show that a number of parametric models of polymorphism can be captured in this way. We also axiomatize the structure of re(cid:13)exive graphs needed for modelling parametric polymorphism based on ideas of (cid:12)brations, and show that it leads to proofs of representation results such as the initial algebra and (cid:12)nal coalgebra properties one expects in polymorphic lambda calculi.
DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER IN MAMMOGRAMS THROUGH A NEW FEATURES AND DECISION TREE BASED, CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK

This research proposes a new framework for detection of breast cancer. Currently, mammography is the primary tool for early detection and diagnosis. The use of computer systems to assist clinicians in digital mammography image screening has advantages over traditional methods. Computer-aided techniques can enhance the appearance of the mammogram images and highlight suspicious areas. Also it extracts certain dynamic features to distinguish between benign and malignant mammograms. Although great efforts have been made to come out with effective methods, their performances especially in terms of accuracy are fallen short due to poor image resolution, noise, and distinction between cancerous and non-cancerous tumours is very subtle. Thus, this study presents an automatic classification scheme to classify breast cancer into normal, benign and malignant, which covers background detection, image enhancement, pectoral muscles separation, selected features and classification processes. To this aim, this framework uses set of various techniques. First step we have achieved improvement on mammogram to improve the image accuracy based on this framework, after new method has been used for features extraction. A new method named Weighted Sparse Principal Component Analysis (WSPCA) is applied to select the distinctive features of the images of mammogram. The analysed mammograms of images are then identified as benign or malignant through decision tree by comparing the performance of Decision Tree with Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Bayesian classification on the MIAS data set. Decision Tree classifier is chosen to classify the mammograms using the above features as its input. The evaluations are carried out on the entire Mammography Image Analysis Society (MIAS) standard dataset. The proposed framework tested on MIAS data set achieved an overall accuracy of 90% with Decision Tree classifier and the perform accuracy of 97.8% using WSPCA features with Decision Tree classifier for sequential selection of benign versus malignant mammograms. Suggested method achieves good results when we have verified on various mammograms.