Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Telehealth‐delivered CBT‐I programme enhanced by acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia and hypnotic dependence: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is the recommended treatment for chronic insomnia. However, up to a quarter of patients dropout from cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia programmes. Acceptance, mindfulness and values‐based actions may constitute complementary therapeutic tools to cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia. The current study sought to evaluate the efficacy of a remotely delivered programme combining the main components of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (sleep restriction and stimulus control) with the third‐wave cognitive behavioural therapy acceptance and commitment therapy in adults with chronic insomnia and hypnotic dependence on insomnia symptoms and quality of life. Thirty‐two participants were enrolled in a pilot randomized controlled trial: half of them were assigned to a 3‐month waiting list before receiving the four “acceptance and commitment therapy‐enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia” treatment sessions using videoconference. The primary outcome was sleep quality as measured by the Insomnia Severity Index and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. All participants also filled out questionnaires about quality of life, use of hypnotics, depression and anxiety, acceptance, mindfulness, thought suppression, as well as a sleep diary at baseline, post‐treatment and 6‐month follow‐up. A large effect size was found for Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, but also daytime improvements, with increased quality of life and acceptance at post‐treatment endpoint in acceptance and commitment therapy‐enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia participants. Improvement in Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was maintained at the 6‐month follow‐up. Wait‐list participants increased their use of hypnotics, whereas acceptance and commitment therapy‐enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia participants evidenced reduced use of them. This pilot study suggests that web‐based cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia incorporating acceptance and commitment therapy processes may be an efficient option to treat chronic insomnia and hypnotic dependence.
Taking peers into account: Adoption and effects of high-investment human resource systems.

Strategic human resource management (HRM) research considers HRM systems a potential source of competitive advantage due to their positive effects on performance outcomes. However, previous research has not paid enough attention to how peer companies' use of HRM systems is associated with the adoption and the effects of HRM systems of a focal company. Specifically, drawing upon the institutional theory, we propose that a focal company's adoption of high-investment human resource systems (HIHRS) will be positively related to the level of HIHRS used in its peer companies. We also argue that the extent to which a focal company's HIHRS use is associated with organizational outcomes is contingent on the adoption of HIHRS in peer companies. Using a sample of 912 publicly traded companies in the U.S. stock market from 2002 to 2015, we found a positive relationship between the average HIHRS use of peer companies in the previous year and the change in focal company's HIHRS use. We also found that a focal company's HIHRS use is more likely to enhance financial performance (e.g., sales growth and profit growth) when the adoption of HIHRS is low in peer companies. However, HIHRS use is more positively related to employer certifications received by a focal company when the adoption of HIHRS is high in peer companies. These findings suggest that peer companies play an important role in understanding the adoption and the effects of HIHRS use of a focal company. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Melatonin and Autophagy in Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases

With aging, the nervous system gradually undergoes degeneration. Increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death are considered to be common pathophysiological mechanisms of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autophagy is a cellular basic metabolic process that degrades the aggregated or misfolded proteins and abnormal organelles in cells. The abnormal regulation of neuronal autophagy is accompanied by the accumulation and deposition of irregular proteins, leading to changes in neuron homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Autophagy exhibits both a protective mechanism and a damage pathway related to programmed cell death. Because of its “double-edged sword”, autophagy plays an important role in neurological damage and NDDs including AD, PD, HD, OPIDN, and ALS. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone mainly synthesized in the pineal gland and exhibits a wide range of biological functions, such as sleep control, regulating circadian rhythm, immune enhancement, metabolism regulation, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-tumor effects. It can prevent cell death, reduce inflammation, block calcium channels, etc. In this review, we briefly discuss the neuroprotective role of melatonin against various NDDs via regulating autophagy, which could be a new field for future translational research and clinical studies to discover preventive or therapeutic agents for many NDDs.
A macroscopic and histologic analysis of radiographically well-defined deep and extremely deep carious lesions: Carious lesion characteristics as indicators of the level of bacterial penetration and pulp response.

AIM To investigate the relationship between radiographically and macroscopically well-defined carious lesions and the dentine-pulp complex with regard to: a) level of bacterial penetration, b) inflammatory status including the presence of hyperplastic pulp stroma; and c) formation of hard and/or ectopic connective tissue. METHODOLOGY The material comprised 68 untreated cavitated permanent teeth divided into well-defined radiographic categories based on the lesion-penetration depth: a) Deep lesions ( ≥¾ of the dentine thickness with a radio-dense zone separating the lesion from the pulp) and b) extremely deep lesions (the carious lesion penetrated the entire thickness of the dentine, without a radio-dense zone). After extraction, the teeth were processed for histology. The material was scored with regard to coronal break-down, macroscopic variables describing caries activity, and histological variables describing the dentine-pulp complex (bacteria, inflammatory infiltrate, partial pulp necrosis, hyperplastic changes, hard tissue/ectopic presence of connective tissue). Interrater agreement was assessed using Cohen´s kappa. Associations between variables were assessed using Pearson's χ2 or Fisher's Exact test. The effect size was reported by odds ratio (OR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI). Level of significance was set to 5%. RESULTS There were significant associations between a closed environment (1-2 surfaces involved) and the presence of biofilm, retrograde demineralization and light-coloured demineralized dentine. Whereas radiographically defined deep lesions tended to have bacteria only in the primary dentine (P = 0.000, OR = 20.55, 95% CI [4.44, 107.89 ]), extremely deep carious lesions tended to have bacteria in contact with the pulpal tissue (P = 0.007, OR =6.84, 95% CI [2.00, 62.83]), presence of an inflammatory infiltrate (Fisher's Exact; P = 0.000); and partial pulp necrosis. Hyperplastic pulps were seen only in extremely deep lesions. CONCLUSIONS Unlike deep lesions, extremely deep carious lesions were often associated with severe pulp inflammation and infection. A radiographic threshold between deep and extremely deep lesions is suggested as indicator of the bacterial penetration level and the severity of the pulpal response prior to intervention.
The authors reply.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine www.pccmjournal. org 927 study including pulmonary, hemodynamic, and cerebral effects of nebulized surfactant and comparing these results with those of InSurE procedure during nCPAP in newborn piglets. This is greatly appreciated. However, the study by Rey-Santano et al (2) includes some major limitations that need to be discussed. First of all, the study by Rey-Santano et al (2) was performed on newborn piglets chosen based on the similarity with neonates in birth weight, lung volume, and brain maturity, but it is not enough to generalize the finding of the best-nebulized surfactant dose (400 mg/kg) on newborn infants. Hence, human studies are needed to ensure efficacy and safety of this dose either if nebulized surfactant administered as a prophylactic measure or a rescue for established disease. A previous study comparing two intratracheal poractant alfa doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) randomly given to neonates with RDS within 6 hours of birth where higher dose resulted in increased survival rate and rapid weaning of supplemental oxygen (6, 7). Certainly, a nebulized surfactant dose would be expected to be greater than 200 mg/ kg to produce the same effect as in intratracheal dose due to the possible dose loss in the nasopharyngeal region. Minocchieri et al (8) investigated a nebulized poractant dose of 200 mg/kg in preterm neonates during nCPAP with the possibility of repeat dosing by 200 mg/kg in patients with persistent need of supplemental oxygen at 12 hours after the initial dose. Second, the experimental period is considered very short (3 hr following dose administration) to investigate the full therapeutic response to a dose. Third, the study by Rey-Santano et al (2) only investigated the size of the first nebulized surfactant dose regardless of the possible need for repeated dosing. Repeated dosing can be needed in some situations in the setting of persistent RDS. In those cases, dosing may be needed at 12-hour intervals given the long half-life of surfactant. Previously, encouraging results were found with repeated surfactant doses in certain indications rather than using only single dosing, and with repeated dosing, morbidity and mortality rates were decreased (9). Drs. Madney Esquinas, Saeed, and Harb contributed to searching, data entry, writing, and statistics, Dr. Abdelrahim contributed to concept, planning of study design, and writing. The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
Association between the use of colistin for short-term treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections and the emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in swine from selected swine farms in Thailand

Long-term use of colistin for preventing Gram-negative bacterial infections in food animals was prohibited in Thailand in 2017, but it is permitted for short-term treatment. This study aimed to investigate association between the use of colistin for short-term treatment of infection and the emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in swine. The current study was conducted at 2 selected swine farms in Thailand. Neither farm has used colistin to prevent infection for longer than 1 year. Rectal swabs were collected from the same 66 pigs at birth, and on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60. Colistin was used to treat sick pigs for up to 3 days. Additional rectal swabs were collected during colistin treatment. Rectal swabs were analyzed for colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and the mcr-1 gene. Results revealed that colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were absent at birth. Some pigs at both farms had diarrhea and received colistin treatment during days 2–27. Colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 13.3–50.0% of sick and healthy pigs. No sick pigs were observed during days 28–60, and colistin was not used during that period. Colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 2.8–10.0% of healthy pigs on day 28, and in 0–3.4% of healthy pigs on day 60. The mcr-1 gene was detected in 57.6% of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Short-term treatment with colistin was found to be associated with the emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in swine. Colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae rapidly emerged after colistin use, and rapidly decreased or disappeared after its discontinuation.
Toward the Extension of Antecedents of Compulsive Buying: The Influence of Personal Values Theory

Although a great deal of research has been conducted on compulsive buying, little if any, research has explored compulsive buying from a wider theoretical perspective, encompassing all types of values as potential drivers of compulsive buying. In particular, no comprehensive research has been conducted in the diagnosis of mechanisms that direct the development of compulsive buying from the perspective of personal values theory. Thus, the objective of the current research was to explore compulsive buying within Schwartz’s value model, as well as examining the role particular values play as predictors of compulsive buying. Data were obtained from randomly selected students (young adults), whose ages ranged from 17 to 25 years-old, enrolled at professional and high schools, and at universities in Poland. Personal values were measured by the Polish version of Personal Values Questionnaire, while compulsive buying propensity was assessed by the Polish version of the Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale. Generally, the study’s hypotheses were supported by SEM analysis. That is, those who held values comprising “Self-Enhancement” and “Openness to Change” were more likely to be compulsive buyers. In contrast, those who held values comprising “Self-Transcendence” and “Conservation” were more likely to be non-compulsive buyers. Compulsive buyers were more self-focused, hedonistic, power- and achievement-oriented than non-compulsive buyers. Finally, values that emphasized importance of communal rather than individualistic goals appeared to prevent compulsive buying.
Development of a water-use strategy for horticulture in England and Wales – a case study

Summary We describe the development of a water strategy for horticulture in England and Wales. Data were gathered from a literature review as well as from industry and grower surveys, and combined with information from interviews with key informants, in order to assess current practices and underlying trends in water-use within seven horticultural sectors. The spatial distribution of horticultural holdings relative to water availability and stress were mapped for both direct abstraction and mains water supplies. From this, a strategy was developed to define the key priorities at grower and industry levels, and the actions required, including research, communication, and knowledge transfer, to improve water use efficiency and to reduce environmental water impacts. The key priorities identified included: improving our knowledge of the impacts of irrigation on diffuse pollution, including leaching of nitrate, phosphate, and pesticides; the need to improve grower understanding of water regulation; and quantifying the links between poor uniformity of irrigation, crop production, and profitability.
Effects of Seed Predation by Ants on Seedling Densities at a Woodland Site in SE Australia

Ants are by far the most important post-dispersal seed predators at a woodland site in SE Australia, and they rapidly remove many seeds from the ground. This paper uses experimental manipulations of seed densities and ant populations to examine the likely impact of seed predation by ants on seedling recruitment in Eucalyptus baxteri and Casuarina pusilla. When seedfall was light, as usually occurs in the absence of fire, the elimination of ants resulted in a 15-fold increase in seedling densities for E. baxteri, whose seeds are removed at particularly high rates. Seeds of C. pusilla are removed less rapidly by ants, and increases in seedling densities following ant elimination were less marked for this species. Experimental dumpings of seeds at high densities, simulating the massive release of seeds from woody fruits which occurs following fire, resulted in predator satiation and in comparison to controls produced high numbers of seedlings. These results suggest that seed predation by ants limits seedling recruitment in the absence of fire, and that predator satiation plays an important role in successful recruitment following fire.
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Platform to Study SARS-CoV-2 Related Myocardial Injury.

BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with myocardial injury, but there is a paucity of experimental platforms for the condition.Methods and Results:Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) infected by SARS-CoV-2 for 3 days ceased beating and exhibited cytopathogenic changes with reduced viability. Active viral replication was evidenced by an increase in supernatant SARS-CoV-2 and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocaspid protein within hiPSC-CMs. Expressions of BNP, CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were upregulated, while ACE2 was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our hiPSC-CM-based in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis model recapitulated the cytopathogenic effects and cytokine/chemokine response. It could be exploited as a drug screening platform.
Towards 3D Multi-Layer Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Engineering Applications: Addressing Manufacturing and Architectural Challenges

Reduced periodontal support, deriving from chronic inflammatory conditions, such as periodontitis, is one of the main causes of tooth loss. The use of dental implants for the replacement of missing teeth has attracted growing interest as a standard procedure in clinical practice. However, adequate bone volume and soft tissue augmentation at the site of the implant are important prerequisites for successful implant positioning as well as proper functional and aesthetic reconstruction of patients. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds have greatly contributed to solve most of the challenges that traditional solutions (i.e., autografts, allografts and xenografts) posed. Nevertheless, mimicking the complex architecture and functionality of the periodontal tissue represents still a great challenge. In this study, a porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and Sr-doped nano hydroxyapatite (Sr-nHA) with a multi-layer structure was produced via a single-step additive manufacturing (AM) process, as a potential strategy for hard periodontal tissue regeneration. Physicochemical characterization was conducted in order to evaluate the overall scaffold architecture, topography, as well as porosity with respect to the original CAD model. Furthermore, compressive tests were performed to assess the mechanical properties of the resulting multi-layer structure. Finally, in vitro biological performance, in terms of biocompatibility and osteogenic potential, was evaluated by using human osteosarcoma cells. The manufacturing route used in this work revealed a highly versatile method to fabricate 3D multi-layer scaffolds with porosity levels as well as mechanical properties within the range of dentoalveolar bone tissue. Moreover, the single step process allowed the achievement of an excellent integrity among the different layers of the scaffold. In vitro tests suggested the promising role of the ceramic phase within the polymeric matrix towards bone mineralization processes. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the approach undertaken may serve as a platform for future advances in 3D multi-layer and patient-specific strategies that may better address complex periodontal tissue defects.
Altered interoception and its role for the co-occurrence of chronic primary pain and mental health problems in children.

The co-occurrence of chronic primary pain defined as pain in 1 or more anatomical regions that persists or recurs for longer than 3 months, is associated with significant emotional distress and/or significant functional disability, and symptoms are not better accounted for by another diagnosis -anxiety, and depression in childrenconstitutesaserioushealthproblem,alsosummarizedunder the internalizing cluster. (For easeof reading, theword “children”will be used for both children and adolescents throughout the topical review.) Children with chronic pain suffer substantially more from anxiety and depression compared to healthy children, with comorbidity rates ranging between 50% and 82%. This cooccurrence aggravates and leads to severe mental health problems (MHP; the overarching term “MHP” will be used for the presence of psychopathological symptomsormental healthdisorders throughout the review) and pain problems in adulthood. Treatment outcome is significantly worse, even in the most intensive form of treatment. Today, there are sound conceptualmodels accounting for the co-occurrence. Most models suggest predisposing vulnerability factors such as increased anxiety sensitivity (AS), precipitating factors such as instigating stressful life events, and perpetuating factors such as child’s maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) and parental chronic pain and MHP. Thus far, the construct of interoception—defined as body-tobrain afferent signaling, central processing, and neural and mental representations of internal bodily changes—has not been integrated into any existing model (Table 1 for terminology of key terms related to interoception). There are, however, strong reasons calling for its integration: Altered interoception is considered a prominent feature of a variety of both MHP and chronic pain conditions, at least in the adult literature. The assumed factors accounting for the co-occurrence, eg, stressful life events, are closely intertwined with (altered) interoception. Its integration points directly to its therapeutic potential, which may lead to a decrease in the co-occurrence of MHP and chronic pain. The present topical review therefore aims to establish an initial model on this newly emerging field in paediatric pain with the scope on the role of altered interoception for the cooccurrence of chronic pain and MHP in children. The review presents a developmentally informed examination with the advantage that emergent processes contributing to altered interoception can be identified and studied before they become consolidated in adulthood.