Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Egg Weight and Chick Weight Coefficients of Variation as Quality Indicators in Hatchery Management

Abstract The use of coefficients of variation (C.V.) for both egg weight at setting and chick weight as potential indicators of quality control for hatcheries and breeder flocks has been suggested. The feasibility of using C.V. 's was tested in studies with chicken and bobwhite quail eggs, these studies were conducted to obtain information on these C.V. 's under either normal condition or with changes in strain and air flow during incubation in the bobwhite. Results indicate that the C.V. 's of chick weight are higher under normal conditions than those of egg weight at setting; thus this normal difference must be considered when comparing C.V. 's. A large data base for normal C.V. 's for egg weight, transfer weight, and chick weight will be necessary for use in analyzing changes from the normal. In addition, data are needed to determine the effect of various factors on the C.V. 's and for the interpretation of changes in their magnitude.
Transport of bacteria in heterogeneous media under leaching conditions

Bacterial mobility under unsaturated soils play an important role in the dispersal of pathogenic microorganisms and enhancing biorestoration of contaminated soil. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of bacterial retention under unsaturated flow conditions in 5% and 10% bentonitesand mixtures. Bacterial transport and retention was investigated under different rainfall events at 22°C and 4°C. Results indicated that bacterial accumulation was predominantly at the surface of the porous media and decreased with depth. Bacterial movement was also retarded relative to the chloride tracer in all fractions of the porous media. Heterogeneity of the porous media enhanced retention through filtration, specific surface area, and reduction in permeability. Recovery of the bacteria was influenced by the airwater interface with greater bacteria recovered at 4°C compared to 22°C. The colloidal filtration model described the distribution through the experimental columns. A linear relationship was observed .
Clonal growth and reproductive strategies of the understory tropical palm Geonoma brevispatha: an ontogenetic approach

We investigated the patterns of growth and reproduction of the understory clonal palm Geonoma brevispatha based on the identification of post-germinative ontogenetic stages, over a 3-year period. Genets were monitored in 100 5 ×5m plots and 100 2×2m subplots, in a 1-ha area of swamp forest in Sao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Ramets pass through four ontogenetic stages (bifid-leafed juveniles, pinnatifid-leafed stemless immatures, stemmed nonreproductive virgins, and reproducers). Leaf size, leaf number, and leaf production rate increased during ontogeny, but diameter growth rate was higher among immatures. Stem length, number of nodes, and leaf rachis length were positively correlated across ontogenetic stages, but crown height was smaller than stem length in adult palms because of frequent leaning. Leaf number and sexual fecundity increased with ramet size, but declined in larger, senescent ramets. Clonal fecundity preceded sexual fecundity, and sexual and clonal fecundity increased continuously with genet size. No relationship was found between sexual and clonal fecundity. Growth and survival strategies of G. brevispatha were consistent with the patterns found in other tropical clonal palm species. Sexual fecundity and cloning seem to be two integrated processes favored by environmental conditions that also support the growth of existing ramets.
Habitat Structure and Stream Fish Communities

Stream habitat complexity is correlated with fish species diversity in selected Indiana and Panama streams. Habitat diversity was measured along 3 dimensions judged important to a wide range of fish groups and applicable to many stream conditions: stream depth, bottom type, and current. Increasing community and habitat diversity followed stream-order gradients. Natural streams supported fish communities of high species diversity which were seasonally more stable than the lower-diversity communities of modified streams. After disturbances such as channelization, seasonal peaks in species diversity attain levels typical of undisturbed streams. Because seasonal changes in stream quality are high, the stability of the fish community is lower in modified than in natural streams. The general correlation between habitat characteristics and presence and absence of fish species sug- gests that most fishes of small streams are habitat specialists.
Preliminary Evaluation of Submersed Macrophyte Changes in the Upper Mississippi River

ABSTRACT Declines in submersed aquatic macrophytes, notably Vallisneria americana Michx. , recently have been observed in portions of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Coincidentally, Myriophyllum spicatum L. appears to have become more common, frequently occurring in locations formerly occupied by Vallisneria or other submersed aquatic species. Mechanisms causing these changes in the abundance and composition of aquatic vegetation are unknown. However, a 3-year drought may have affected nutrient transport and phytoplankton production, thereby influencing growth and reproduction of Vallisneria and other macrophyte species. Other factors may potentially affect populations of submersed macrophytes within the UMRS. Foremost among these are suspended sediment concentrations, flooding, herbicides, and grazing.
Biological characteristics of Telenomus alecto and Trichogramma galloi reared on eggs of the sugarcane borer Diatraea flavipennella

Diatraea flavipennella (Box) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) is one of the most destructive pests in sugarcane plantations in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Developmental characteristics and parasitism potential of the egg parasitoids Telenomus alecto Crawford (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) and Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) were compared with the aim of selecting a suitable species for biological control of D. flavipennella. Both T. alecto and T. galloi developed well and were readily adapted to D. flavipennella eggs as host. Although, T. galloi presented higher viability, with more adults emerging per host egg and higher sex ratio, the developmental period (egg-adult) was shorter in T. alecto and female longevity was extended. In addition, T. alecto exhibited significant higher levels of parasitism during the first three days after emergence than T. galloi. Thus, both parasitoids studied here offer considerable potential for the control of D. flavipennella in sugarcane.
Exploring the links between local management and conservation applying the ecosystem services concept: conservation and tourism service in Camargue, France

This article aims at testing whether the ecosystem services framework helps in understanding the link between local management and biodiversity conservation. Tourism was analysed in Camargue (France), a wetland area of high biodiversity value, via semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders. Three types of stakeholders were interviewed: protected area managers, livestock farmers and public institutions. This was done to examine whether they manage the land to enable tourism and/or maintain or restore the ecological state of ecosystems. It was found that tourism sustainability is taken into account by protected area managers and livestock farmers. Management measures are partly taken to facilitate tourism and partly to make it compatible with the stakeholders' main activity as well as with the required ecological state of the ecosystem. Conversely, public institutions that are in charge of tourism do not consider damage caused to ecosystems, which has led to the unsustainable use of beaches. We argue that the ecosystem services concept is useful for conservation provided that both sides of land management are taken into account: the use of ecosystem services and the maintenance or restoration of ecosystems. The sustainability of the use of ecosystem services should be central in future research and implementation.
Occurrence of Potato virus Y strain PVYNTN in foundation seed potatoes in Japan, and screening for symptoms in Japanese potato cultivars

In 2008 and 2009 seasons, a sudden increase in Potato virus Y (PVY) incidence was recorded in foundation seed potatoes in Hokkaido, northern Japan. This increase was obvious during the field inspection and the postharvest indexing. Molecular typing revealed that besides the previously reported strains of PVYO and PVYNA-N, the most common strain identified was the recombinant PVYNTN, with three characteristic recombinant junctions at the HC-Pro, VPg and CP regions. No potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) was observed in foundation seed potatoes in correlation with the presence of PVYNTN. Moreover, an isolate with a typical PVYNTN recombinant genome, namely Eu-12Jp, did not induce PTNRD in 62 Japanese potato cultivars tested in both primarily and secondarily infected plants. Two cultivars carrying the extreme resistance gene Rychc were resistant to the infection with Eu-12Jp, which presents potential sources of resistance to PVYNTN. Eu-12Jp induced systemic mottle in potato cultivars Desiree and King Edward carrying resistance genes Ny and Nc, respectively, but induced a hypersensitive reaction in potato cultivar Maris Bard, with the Nz hypothetical resistance gene typical of the PVYZ strain group. Therefore, based on the genome structure and the reaction of the potato N resistance genes, Eu-12Jp should be classified as PVYZ-NTN, as described for isolates from Idaho, USA recently. This is the first report of PVYZ-NTN in Japan and the sudden and increased occurrence of PVYNTN/PVYZ-NTN represents a potential risk of PTNRD developing and increases the significance of PVY in Japan.
Fontes amiláceas como estratégia alimentar de controle da obesidade em cães

Sorghum is a source of complex carbohydrates that have slow digestion and can contribute to the reduction of body weight by maintaining prolonged satiety. This study aimed to evaluate the use of diets based on corn, sorghum and maize: sorghum in reducing body weight in dogs previously induced to overweight. Thirty-six dogs were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 3x2x2: three combinations of carbohydrates - corn (60% - DM), sorghum (60% - DS) and corn: sorghum (30:30% - DMS); two breeds - Beagle (RBE) and Daschund (RDA) and two sex. Dogs RBE and RDA had an average weight reduction of approximately 1.52±0.76kg and 0.97±0.62kg, respectively (P 0.05). Significant effect of race and diet on body mass index (IMCC) (P<0.05). Dogs RBE and RDA showed reduction on IMCC by 11 and 18%, respectively (P<0.05). It was observed that the dogs fed with DM showed higher IMCC compared to the other (P<0.05). The IMCC reduction ranged from 1.48, 3.29 and 2.75 for diets DM, DS and DMS (P<0.05), which represented approximately 9.25%, 19.26 and 16.65%, respectively, from initial IMCC (P<0.05). In conclusion, the diet influences the IMCC but not affect body weight. The race is a determining factor on the IMCC. In both sexes, there are no significant difference in body weight between treated DM, DS or DMS
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACID EXTRACT VISCOSITY AND TOTAL SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE β-GLUCAN CONTENTS OF HULLED AND HULLESS BARLEY

The extent of variability in acid extract viscosity and its relationship to total soluble and insoluble β-glucan was determined in hulled (Bonanza) and hulless (Tupper and Scout) cultivars of barley grown at several locations on the Prairies. Acid extract viscosity was influenced significantly by cultivar, year and location in the Saskatchewan Agricultural Development Fund Regional Variety Test and by cultivar in the Hulless Barley-Wheat Comparison Test. The cultivar ranking for the 2-yr mean extract viscosity was Bonanza < Tupper < Scout. Total and soluble β-glucan were determined with an endo-β-glucanase purified from a crude bacterial α-amylase preparation (BAN 1000 S). Soluble β-glucan, on average, formed 32.7%, and the insoluble (calculated by difference) the remainder 67.3% of the total β-glucan content of barley. Acid extract viscosity was positively correlated (r2 = 0.83, n = 15) with total β-glucan content. The correlation between total and insoluble β-glucan content was + 0.68. Perchloric acid e.
Niche analysis of orchids of serpentine and non-serpentine areas: Implications for conservation

Orchids are known for their species richness, intriguing ecology, rarity and the fact that they grow in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Although numerous studies about their ecology have been carried out concerning calcareous areas, little is known about orchids that occur in serpentine habitats. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological preferences of orchids in serpentine and non-serpentine areas on the model of the Valjevo Mountain Range (W Serbia). Niche analysis of orchids was performed using outlying mean index analysis. Data concerning geographical coordinates, altitude, habitat type, inclination, bedrock type, light regime, soil moisture, acidity, nitrogen and temperature were used as explanatory variables. Data of 33 orchid taxa from 407 localities were analysed. The most important gradients that govern orchid distribution were geological bedrock, light regime and temperature. The results have shown that only Anacamptis morio and Gymnadenia conopsea have statistically significantly larger populations on serpentine compared with non-serpentine bedrocks. This study highlights the importance of serpentine habitats as orchid habitats, bearing in mind the occurrence of rare species and species which were found exclusively in serpentine habitats.
A low-cost trap for Cerambycidae monitoring in forest plantations in Brazil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of a low-cost trap to capture Cerambycidae in different seasons in planted forests in Brazil. Thirty polyethylene-terephthalate trap bottles per hectare were used, disposed at every 50 m. The traps were red painted and contained glass flasks with a mixture of ethanol, methanol and benzaldehyde. There were soap and water at the trap bottom. The traps were checked biweekly for beetle presence. Sampling time required one minute per sample, and traps were easy to use. Total sampling cost, including materials and labor, was US$ 13.46 per sample. Six Cerambycidae species were captured along the dry and rainy seasons.
Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of agricultural by-products from wine production

The present work aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of byproducts derived from wine production. The varieties of PINOT GRIS and COUDERC 13 grapes, collected in Videira-SC, were analyzed as natural sources of polyphenols and other prophylactic agents (antioxidants) for application in food and phytochemical industries. The biomass used for extracts was ground and dried in different 1 Bolsista IC PIBIC/CNPq – Farmácia e Bioquímica UFSC. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos: Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi, CEP:88034-001, Florianópolis – SC Fone: 048 33315375 Fax 04833319943 e-mail: ciriele_cataneo@yahoo.com. br; rfett@cca.ufsc. br 2 Químico Industrial Epagri/SC 3 Curso de Química UFSC 4 Pesquisadora Dra do Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos CCA/UFSC 5 Profa. Dra do Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. * Autor para correspondência ARTIGOS / ARTICLES C IÊ N C IA S D E AL IM EN TO S
Comparison of analytical and sensory lipid oxidation parameters in conventional and high‐oleic rapeseed oil

Headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography was used to identify in total 55 volatile lipid oxidation compounds in thermally stressed conventional and high-oleic rapeseed oil samples. Out of this profile, 17 volatile compounds with low odor threshold values were selected as target compounds for the assessment of lipid oxidation in rapeseed and high-oleic rapeseed oils. Additionally, other lipid oxidation parameters such as fatty acid composition, peroxide value, anisidine value, and induction time (Rancimat analysis) were determined. Multivariate statistical methods (principal component analysis in combination with agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis) were applied to identify sensitive volatile lipid oxidation indicators enabling the differentiation of rapeseed oil samples of different varieties (high-oleic versus conventional). Moreover, these statistical methods were capable of differentiating rapeseed oils of different oxidative properties. Octanal and 3-octanone showed the highest ability to differentiate between samples of different rapeseed varieties, whereas propanal, E,E-2,4-hexadienal, and E-2-heptenal were most suitable in differentiating rapeseed oil samples with different oxidative properties from each other. Clustering of rapeseed oil samples according to their volatile compound composition was comparable with results of sensory duo-trio and paired comparison tests, but the analytical approach of the volatile compound analysis in combination with chemometric methods detected changes sooner in relation to the flavor composition of rapeseed oils and high-oleic rapeseed oil samples. Practical applications: The combination of volatile compound analysis by HS-SPME-GC with multivariate statistical methods and complementary sensory duo-trio and one-sided paired comparison tests are sensitive tools in differentiating conventional and high-oleic rapeseed oil samples with different lipid oxidation properties. The presented methods are suitable techniques for the detection of initial changes of lipid oxidation progress in edible oils.
Invited review: Biological control of Eurasian watermilfoil by aquatic insects: basic insights from an applied problem

Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) is one of North America's most troublesome exotic weeds; it has infested 45 states and three Canadian provinces and millions are spent annually on control. Three insects have been considered for the biological control of Eurasian watermilfoil and all three taxa are present in the northern US and southern Canadian provinces. The naturalized pyralid caterpillar, Acentria ephemerella, has been associated with milfoil declines in some eastern states, but rarely reaches high densities in the midwest. The native midge, Cricotopus myriophylli, also does not generally reach high densities, but deserves further study. The native milfoil weevil, Euhrychiopsis lecontei, has been associated with milfoil declines across North America. The weevil, which is highly specific to watermilfoil species, has been shown to control Eurasian watermilfoil via stem mining in laboratory, tank and mesocosm studies, as well as in several field studies. During the summer, all life stages subsist on submersed watermilfoil, and after 3-5 generations are produced, adults move to shore to overwinter in shoreline leaf litter. The milfoil weevil has an induced preference for the exotic Eurasian watermilfoil and prefers and performs better on the exotic compared to native watermilfoils. Field declines of Eurasian watermilfoil due to weevil feeding will occur with sufficient weevil density and a positive native plant community response. At many sites, weevil populations are too low to effect control. Predation by sunfish (Lepomis) is likely an important factor limiting densities of adult weevils and other herbivores. Population modeling indicates that adult reproductive lifespan and fecundity are key factors for end-of summer population densities. The weevil and perhaps the other herbivores can be useful biocontrol agents if factors limiting their density can be ameliorated. This work demonstrates that herbivory by aquatic insects can be substantial, resulting in 50-95 % reductions in plant biomass and shifts in macrophyte community structure. Furthermore, important insights on the evolution of host range and host range expansion have been gained from study of this system and a better understanding of trophic cascades in littoral zones is being developed.
Long-term comparison of food availability and reproduction in the edible dormouse (Glis glis)

Summary Individuals of animal populations that are controlled by food availability should be favored if they were able to reduce the lag phase between the occurrence of high food availability and the production of offspring. Edible dormice ( Glis glis ), small hibernating rodents from central and southern Europe, show fluctuation in reproductive output that seem to be timed to coincide with future food supply. We report predictable lows of reproductive rates in edible dormice after years of mast fruiting (i.e., when animals are in perfect condition) and high reproductive rates in the spring of years that will see mast fruiting trees (oaks, beech) later in the same year. Because trees are unlikely to produce mast crops two years in a row, we hypothesize that the lack of or the reduced reproduction in the spring after mast years is an adaptation to the predictable low food availability of a “non-mast” year after a mast year. Since, the other way round, there is a high probability that a mast year will follow a non-mast year in central Europe, reproductive success is likely to be increased by reproducing in the spring of the year after a non-mast year, thus anticipating future food supply in fall. In years of no or reduced reproduction males did not develop functional testes after hibernation. Thus, the sexual inactivity of male dormice is likely to be the major cause for reproductive failure.
Eficiência do uso da radiação solar por plantas Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. cultivadas sob sombreamento e a pleno sol

The efficiency of conversion of the solar radiation in biomass is a variable frequently used in models of simulation the culture growth, because the biomass production is related with the efficiency of which a plant converts radiant energy in chemistry, given by the process of the photosynthesis. The objective of this work was to determine the efficiency of conversion of the photosynthetically active and intercepted solar radiation (RFAi) in Ilex paraguariensis biomass, cultivated in consortium (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. E Pinus elliottii Engelm) and single. For so much, it was determined the photosynthetically active and intercepted solar radiation (RFAi), the index of leaf area and the biomass dries of the seedlings, being then, the efficiency of conversion of RFAi in biomass dries of the cultivated in consortium and single. For a same radiation value RFAi, is obtained larger efficiency of use of the radiation in the accumulation in matter dries when Ilex paraguariensis is cultivated in consortium. The conversion efficiency (eb) of biomass total drought of Ilex paraguariensis plants in relation to the amount of the photosynthetically active and intercepted solar radiation (RFAi) accumulated is of 0.83 g MJ-1 in the system consortium and of 0.23 g MJ-1 in the single system. In spite of that, the production of aerial biomass for plant was larger in the single system.