Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the HIV rapid test in the fig ht against the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Trinidad

Objective: To evaluate the human immunodeficiency virus (hIV) rapid test as an effective tool in the response to the hIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic in Trinidad. Design and methods: The study is comprised of a retrospective analysis of data collected from May 2008 to July 15, 2011 and a prospective arm of those tested during July 18, 2011 – August 30, 2011. During the prospective phase, blood samples were tested using rapid tests manufactured by Inverness Medical Innovation and Trinity Biotech followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, irrespective of the results of the rapid test. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect demographic data and risk behaviors. The study was conducted in one randomly selected primary health care facility of the eight that offered same-day hIV testing in Trinidad. Results: A total of 297 persons participated in the prospective arm of the study and the rapid test was found to have a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99.6%. Females and those aged 20–29 years were most likely to participate. Over the study period, the number of persons who received rapid tests increased but the prevalence of positive hIV test results decreased from 4.4% in 2008 to 2.1% in 2011. The main reasons for being tested were curiosity (38%), results being obtainable the same day (27%), and confidentiality (13%). Approximately 50% of respondents reported more than one sex partner in the previous year while 14% used condoms regularly. Conclusion: People need to know their own hIV status and that of their partners to make healthy decisions about sexual behavior. At the health facility studied, 2.6% of people who took the hIV rapid test were hIV positive.
UvA-DARE Quantum theory of light scattering in a one-dimensional channel: Interaction effect on photon statistics and entanglement entropy

We provide a complete and exact quantum description of coherent light scattering in a one-dimensional multimode transmission line coupled to a two-level emitter. Using a recently developed scattering approach, we discuss transmission properties, the power spectrum, the full counting statistics, and the entanglement entropy of transmitted and reﬂected states of light. Our approach takes into account spatial parameters of an incident coherent pulse as well as waiting and counting times of a detector. We describe the time evolution of the power spectrum and observe deviations from the Poissonian statistics for reﬂected and transmitted ﬁelds. In particular, the statistics of reﬂected photons can change from sub-Poissonian to super-Poissonian for increasing values of the detuning, while the statistics of transmitted photons is strictly super-Poissonian in all parametric regimes. We study the entanglement entropy of some spatial part of the scattered pulse and observe that it obeys the area laws and that it is bounded by the maximal entropy of the effective four-level system.
Novel foods: a risk pro ﬁ le for the house cricket ( Acheta domesticus )

Novel foods could represent a sustainable alternative to traditional farming and conventional foodstuffs. Starting in 2018, Regulation (EU) 2283/2015 entered into force, laying down provisions for the approval of novel foods in Europe, including insects. This Approved Regulation establishes the requirements that enable Food Business Operators to bring new foods into the EU market, while ensuring high levels of food safety for European consumers. The present risk pro ﬁ le tackles the hazards for one of the most promising novel food insects, the house cricket ( Acheta domesticus ). The risk pro ﬁ le envisages a closed A. domesticus crickets rearing system, under Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) and good farming practices (GFP), in contrast with open cricket farms. The methodology used involves screening the literature and identifying possible hazards, followed by adding relevant inclusion criteria for the evidence obtained. These criteria include animal health and food safety aspects, for the entire lifespan of crickets, based on the farm to fork One Health principle. When data were scarce, comparative evidence from close relatives of the Orthoptera genus was used (e.g. grasshoppers, locusts and other cricket species). Nevertheless, signi ﬁ cant data gaps in animal health and food safety are present. Even if HACCP-type systems are implemented, the risk pro ﬁ le identi ﬁ es the following considerable concerns: (1) high total aerobic bacterial counts; (2) survival of spore-forming bacteria following thermal processing; (3) allergenicity of insects and insect-derived products; and (4) the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (e.g. cadmium). Other hazards like parasites, fungi, viruses, prions, antimicrobial resistance and toxins are ranked as low risk. For some hazards, a need for additional evidence is highlighted.
Field measurement of gas permeability of compacted loess used as an earthen final cover for a municipal solid waste landfill

The use of loess as an earthen final cover material is promising in northwest China which has an arid and semi-arid climate. A full-scale testing facility with an area 30 m long by 20 m wide was constructed at the Xi’an landfill of municipal solid wastes to investigate the performance of an inclined capillary barrier cover. The cover consisted of a compacted loess layer underlain by a gravel layer. The testing facility was well instrumented for a gas permeation test and recording of the soil conditions in terms of volumetric water content, pore gas pressure, and soil temperature. Tests were performed to measure the gas permeability of the compacted loess before and after the planting of vegetation on the cover. The field measurements demonstrate that the capillary break at the fine/coarse soil interface allows the upper compacted loess layer to retain more water, and conversely reduces its gas permeability, which is favorable for reducing landfill gas emissions. When the degree of saturation of the compacted loess was greater than 85%, the gas permeability decreased significantly with a further increment in volumetric water content. The growth of vegetation roots tended to fill the large pores in the upper loosely-compacted loess, resulting in a decrease in gas permeability of one order of magnitude. The influence of soil clods in the compacted loess on gas permeability can be one to two orders of magnitude due to an increase in pore size and a decrease in tortuosity. 概要目 的我国西北地区黄土分布广泛,黄土作为当地固废填埋场的覆盖土料具有广泛的应用前景。 现场尺度测试压实黄土覆盖层的气相渗透系数,从而可用于评估其填埋气减排性能。 方 法1. 在西安固废填埋场建立压实黄土覆盖层试验基地(图2);2. 在试验基地的膜内核心测试区域布置通气试验系统,包括空气压缩机、通气管网、气压测试装置、含水率测试装置、温度传感器和静态箱(图3, 5∼7);3. 在覆盖层表面裸露时和植草后分别进行通气试验测试压实黄土覆盖层的气相渗透系数。 结 论1. 当饱和度低于85%时,干密度为1. 45 Mg/m3压实黄土的气相渗透系数随含水率增加而降低,但并不明显;但是当饱和度高于85%时,气相渗透系数随含水率增加而显著减小;2. 黄土层和碎石层之间的毛细阻滞作用使得上部黄土层储存更多水分,并显著降低其气相渗透系数,这有利于降低填埋气的排放;3. 裸露条件下,当压实黄土的体积含水率从36%增加至46%时,其气相渗透系数从3. 67×10−12 m2 降低至5. 73×10−14 m2;4. 植草后压实黄土的气相渗透系数比裸露条件下小近一个数量级,这主要是因为植被根系占据了压实黄土的大孔隙;5. 现场尺度的压实黄土气相渗透系数比室内试验的结果高1 至2 个数量级,这主要是因为现场所用黄土含有大的结团,结团会增加黄土的孔隙直径以及减小孔隙的曲折度。
Influence of the Stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the Madden–Julian Oscillation during Austral Summer

AbstractInfluence of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and its statistical significance are examined for austral summer (DJF) in neutral ENSO events during 1979–2013. The amplitude of the OLR-based MJO index (OMI) is typically larger in the easterly phase of the QBO at 50 hPa (E-QBO phase) than in the westerly (W-QBO) phase. Daily composite analyses are performed by focusing on phase 4 of the OMI, when the active convective system is located over the eastern Indian Ocean through the Maritime Continent. The composite OLR anomaly shows a larger negative value and slower eastward propagation with a prolonged period of active convection in the E-QBO phase than in the W-QBO phase. Statistically significant differences of the MJO activities between the QBO phases also exist with dynamical consistency in the divergence of horizontal wind, the vertical wind, the moisture, the precipitation, and the 100-hPa temperature. A conditional sampling analysis is also.
Optimal Escape Manifolds for Cis-Lunar Halo Orbits

Different families of three-body orbits are being proposed as location for a human-tended lunar orbiting station, and as operational orbit for communication relay and navigation satellites. In particular, Space Agencies are currently considering the Near Rectilinear Halo Orbits (NRHO) family as a staging location for a lunar exploration infrastructure. Due to the increased interest, a close investigation of the NRHO dynamics, at insertion and departure respectively, is worth to consolidate transfer capabilities, back and forth the Earth and other destinations. The paper investigates the trajectory sensitivity to the incoming and outgoing manoeuvres direction; different models (Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem, Bi-Circular Restricted Four-Body Problem, full ephemeris model) are exploited, to gradually increase fidelity of the dynamical model and to classify the transfer shape. For any manoeuvre direction, several manifolds for NRHO departure/arrival exist, differing in manoeuvre magnitude and time of flight. The initial aim of the investigation was to search for escape trajectories that exploit Weak Stability Boundary (WSB) dynamics, to obtain a low energy ballistic capture. Generally, a single family of trajectories directly leaves the NRHO towards the WSB. The other manifolds describe additional orbits around the Moon before connecting to the WSB, either going towards heliocentric escape, or colliding with the Moon or the Earth. Notably, the correlation between time of flight and manoeuvre magnitude is highly irregular; Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLE) are here used to correlate the two quantities to identify transitions between dynamical regimes, in order to derive the manoeuvres bounds that describe similar dynamical behaviours. To deepen the knowledge of the dynamical regime, the paper analyses the manoeuvre direction effect, mapping the results in Azimuth-Elevation plane with respect to the Earth-Moon rotating frame. Optimal ∆v directions are identified, as circular structures in such phase space, whose bounds are defined through a local FTLE analysis; this offers the analyst a further degree of freedom in manoeuvre planning, e.g. to satisfy pointing constraints. As operational example, WSB transfers from/to Earth are identified, showing how a proper exploitation of the manifold structures and geometry can reduce the magnitude of said manoeuvres. Theperformed analyses give rise to general guidelines for manoeuvres design; indeed, transfers to and from any Halo orbit optimal in terms of manoeuvre magnitude and time of flight can be easily assessed.
Profit analysis of pig farming in rural comunities in Minahasa Regency of North Sulawesi

The objective of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the profit of pig farms in rural communities in Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi based on output sales orientation for breeding stock and combination of breeding-fattening models. The research was conducted from July to December 2016, using survey method with multistage random sampling technique. The selected locations were three Districts of Sonder, Tombulu and Kakas based on the largest population of pigs involving randomly one hundred respondents. The variables were included profit, prices of corn, concentrate, bran, medicine, vitamin, animal housing depreciation, the number of piglets, farm experience and output sales orientation. Data were analyzed on the basis of unit output price Cobb-Douglas Profit Function using multiple linear regressions. Research showed that input prices of production factor and number of piglets were influenced profit (P<0.01). Partially, the input prices of corn, concentrate, bran, medicine, vitamins, output sales orientation, and the number of piglets influenced profit(P<0.01). Average profits of farm were IDR 942,823.70/month for breeding models and IDR 3,679,833.85/month for combination of breeding-fattening models, with average numbers of sows were 2.25 heads
Residual disease and risk factors in patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and positive margins after initial conization

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the clinicopathologic predictors of residual disease in patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and margin involvement after initial conization. Methods Data from 145 patients who underwent subsequent surgery for high-grade CIN with positive margins were retrospectively analyzed. Results After subsequent surgery, residual disease was diagnosed in 47 (34.2%) patients, of whom five had invasive cervical carcinoma, 31 had CIN 3, nine had CIN 2, and two had CIN 1. Multivariate analysis revealed that only age ≥35 years (P=0.033), major abnormal cytology (P=0.002), and pre-cone high-risk human papillomavirus load ≥300 relative light units (P=0.011) were significant factors associated with residual disease. Conclusion Age ≥35 years, major abnormal cytology, and pre-cone high-risk human papillomavirus load ≥300 relative light units were the only significant factors predicting post-cone residual disease. Appropriate application of these predictive factors may avoid delayed treatment and overtreatment.
Inductive measurement of the critical pair momentum in thin superconducting films

This dissertation documents the conception, development, validation, and application of an inductive experimental measurement of the critical Cooper pair momentum in thin superconducting films. A current-carrying (drive) coil of radius much smaller than the film radius induces a highly inhomogeneous screening supercurrent density in the film. The magnitude of the supercurrent is greatest at a radial position corresponding to the coil radius. It is shown that subject to magnetic fields greater than a few mG, the film is in a metastable superconducting state with respect to the formation of flux-bearing vortex-antivortex excitations. Consequently, magnetic coupling to a second (pickup) coil located co-axially on the opposite side of the film is independent of the drive coil current (linear response). As the drive coil current is increased and the highest-momentum Cooper pairs approach a momentum sufficient to break the pairs, the free-energy barrier to vortex-antivortex pair creation is diminished and such pairs appear en masse, detected as a crossover to nonlinear coupling between the coils. A scheme for calculating this critical momentum from the corresponding drive coil field is presented with the empirical assumption that the peak out-of-phase coil coupling corresponds to the upper limit of Meissner state metastability. This assumption is validated by independent measurements of the critical pair momentum and upper critical magnetic field performed on film samples of niobium and
Low-power radio-frequency excitation as a plasma source in a Penning–Malmberg trap: a systematic study

A novel method was experimentally demonstrated to produce a low-density electron plasma in a Penning–Malmberg trap, exploiting the static electric and magnetic confinement fields together with a periodic excitation with amplitudes as low as 0.5–5 V and frequencies in the MHz range. This unusual technique proved to be applicable as a replacement for conventional electron sources in Penning devices and presents interesting aspects both in terms of basic science and technological applications. Nevertheless, the experimental observations demonstrate the high sensitivity of plasma features of interest (charge, mean density and density distribution) to the experimental conditions, namely trap configuration and excitation parameters, and as a consequence clear trends have not been identified so far. We present an experimental campaign of measurements where several parameters were systematically changed leading to a better assessment of the plasma production mechanism and to the identification of common trends.
Controlled coalescence with local front reconstruction method

The physics of droplet collisions involves a wide range of length scales. This poses a difficulty to accurately simulate such flows with traditional fixed grid methods due to their inability to resolve all scales with affordable number of computational grid cells. A solution is to couple a fixed grid method with simplified sub grid models that account for microscale effects. In this paper, we incorporate such framework in the Local Front Reconstruction Method (Shin et al., 2011). To validate the new method, simulations of (near) head on collision of two equal tetradecane droplets are carried out at different Weber numbers corresponding to different collision regimes. The results show a better agreement with experimental data compared to other fixed grid methods like Front Tracking (Pan et al., 2008) and Coupled Level Set and Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) (Kwakkel et al., 2013), especially at high impact velocities.
Organizational citizenship behavior: An intergenerational study

While the colloquial literature on generations has become a quilt of cliches, attempts to systematically examine generational differences in the workplace have been scarce and the results inconsistent. In this study, we use social exchange theory to investigate whether membership in the Baby Boomers versus the Generation X group influences the relationships of organization- and colleague-directed support and commitment with organizational citizenship behavior. By means of a multisample analysis, we show that both cohorts ultimately share more resemblances than dissimilarities. However, our findings support the popular belief that Generation X is less willing to exchange desirable work outcomes for employer support. Implications are discussed.
Effects of Negarim Micro Catchment on Growth and Survival of Two Provenances of Moringa oleifera Under Different Spacing in a Semi-Arid Area of Kitui County, Kenya

Kenya has a large population of multifunctional tree species like Moringa oleifera (Lamark). Two provenances of Moringa oleifera from areas of Gede and Machakos were used in a study to examine how Negarim micro catchment affects their growth and survival traits under various spacings. An experiment was set up in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replicates. Root collar diameter, branches development, survival rate and increase in height were the variables of interest and data was collected for 16 months (January 2018/April 2019). For Gede provenance under catchment, plant height ranged from 83 to 123 cm, root collar diameter from 1.7 to 2.5 cm, number of branches from 13 to 15, and survival rate of 51 to 74 %. Under no catchment, plant height varied from 127 and 191 cm, root collar diameter between 2.7 and 4.4 cm, number of branches between 15 and 19, and survival rate between 70 and 75 %. The Machakos provenance results under catchment revealed that plant height varied from 62 to 174 cm, root collar diameter ranged from 0.9 to 4.7 cm, the number of branches varied from 8 to 15, and survival rate ranged from 48 to 69 %. Under no catchment, it reached a height of between 43 and 171 cm, root collar diameter between 1.5 and 3.6 cm, 10 to 16 branches, and survivability of between 57 and 78 %. Provenance and Negarim micro catchment had a significant effect on survivability (p ≤ 0.05), height (p ≤ 0.05), and branch development (p ≤ 0.05). The significant differences between plants under Negarim micro catchment were because the catchment provided more moisture advantages to plants than those that were under no catchment. This demonstrates their appropriateness and the possibility of recommending them to be included in tree cultivation systems in the area and other places with comparable climatic circumstances. This research is noteworthy in promoting soil erosion management and environmental preservation by providing information and methods for effectively using runoff in valuable crops/tree production
Pengaruh Adanya Toleransi Risiko, Ilusi Kontrol dan Keenganan Rasa Menyesal terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Investasi Investor Muda

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis adanya pengaruh toleransi tingkat kerugian, rasa dapat mengendalikan lingkungan dan rasa tidak ingin mengulang kerugian yang sama terhadap pengambilan keputusan investasi. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah investor muda yang ada di DKI Jakarta. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data cross section dan data primer. Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode non probabilitas dengan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) dengan menggunakan aplikasi SmartPLS. 3.3.3. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Pengaruh Toleransi kerugian, rasa dapat mengendalikan lingkungan dan rasa tidak ingin mengulang kerugian yang sama memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap pengambilan keputusan investasi. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of risk tolerance, illusion of control and regret aversion on investment decision making. The subjects of this research are young investors in DKI Jakarta. The data used in this study are cross section data and primary data. The sample selection technique uses a non-probability method with a purposive sampling technique. This study took a sample of 100 respondents. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) using the SmartPLS application. 3.3.3. This study found that risk tolerance, illusion of control and regret aversion have a significant and positive influence on investment decision making.
Functional interaction of reverse gyrase with single-strand binding protein of the archaeon Sulfolobus

Reverse gyrase is a unique hyperthermophile-specific DNA topoisomerase that induces positive supercoiling. It is a modular enzyme composed of a topoisomerase IA and a helicase domain, which cooperate in the ATP-dependent positive supercoiling reaction. Although its physiological function has not been determined, it can be hypothesized that, like the topoisomerase–helicase complexes found in every organism, reverse gyrase might participate in different DNA transactions mediated by multiprotein complexes. Here, we show that reverse gyrase activity is stimulated by the single-strand binding protein (SSB) from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Using a combination of in vitro assays we analysed each step of the complex reverse gyrase reaction. SSB stimulates all the steps of the reaction: binding to DNA, DNA cleavage, strand passage and ligation. By co-immunoprecipitation of cell extracts we show that reverse gyrase and SSB assemble a complex in the presence of DNA, but do not make stable protein–protein interactions. In addition, SSB stimulates reverse gyrase positive supercoiling activity on DNA templates associated with the chromatin protein Sul7d. Furthermore, SSB enhances binding and cleavage of UV-irradiated substrates by reverse gyrase. The results shown here suggest that these functional interactions may have biological relevance and that the interplay of different DNA binding proteins might modulate reverse gyrase activity in DNA metabolic pathways.
Effects of Stride Length on Lower Limb Stiffness when Running with Body Borne Load

v LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Specific Aims . 4 Specific Aim 1 . 4 Specific Aim 2 . 5 Specific Aim 3 . 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 History of Load Carriage . 8 Injuries . 8 Walking with Body Borne Load . 9 Running with Body Borne Load . 14 Changing Walking Stride Length with Load . 17 Changing Unloaded Running Stride Length . 18 Summary . 20 CHAPTER THREE: MANUSCRIPT.21