Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smith, D and Romano-Smith, S and Wright, DJ and Deller-Rust, B and Wakefield, CJ (2019)The Effects of Combining PETTLEP Imagery and Action Observation on Bicep Strength: A Single-Case Design. Journal of Applied Sport

23 The PETTLEP model of motor imagery (Holmes & Collins, 2001) has been shown 24 to be effective in enhancing strength performance. With recent literature discussing 25 the shared neural substrates between imagery and action observation, this study 26 investigated whether PETTLEP imagery would improve bicep strength both with 27 and without an additional observational aid. Using a single-case design, four 28 participants completed a baseline phase followed by PETTLEP imagery with and 29 without an observation aid in a counterbalanced manner. Weekly bicep curl 1 30 repetition maximum (1 R.M.) was used as the performance measure. Results 31 indicated that using an observational aid in conjunction with PETTLEP imagery 32 can aid performance, but not to a greater degree than PETTLEP imagery alone. This 33 indicates that observational aids may not be an essential addition to imagery 34 interventions, but their inclusion is not detrimental. The study highlights further the 35 benefit of using PETTLEP imagery for enhancing strength performance, which 36 should be considered by practitioners delivering resistance training programs. 37 Future research could further explore the role of observation when combined with 38 imagery to assess the effect on strength in an athletic population. 39 40 41 42 43
The enigmatic sperm proteins in mammalian fertilization: an overview†

Abstract Mammalian fertilization involves a physical interaction between a sperm and an egg followed by molecular interactions amongst their various cell surface molecules. These interactions are initially mediated on the egg's outermost matrix, zona pellucida (ZP), and then its plasma membrane. To better understand this process, it is pertinent to find the corresponding molecules on sperm that interact with ZP or the egg's plasma membrane. Although currently, we have some knowledge about the binding partners for egg's plasma membrane on sperm, yet the ones involved in an interaction with ZP have remained remarkably elusive. This review provides comprehensive knowledge about the various sperm proteins participating in mammalian fertilization and discusses the possible reasons for not being able to identify the strong sperm surface candidate (s) for ZP adhesion. It also hypothesizes the existence of a multi-protein complex(s), members of which participate in oviduct transport, cumulus penetration, zona adhesion, and adhesion/fusion with the egg's plasma membrane; with some protein(s) having multiple roles during this process. Identification of these proteins is crucial as it improves our understanding of the process and allows us to successfully treat infertility, develop contraceptives, and improve artificial reproductive technologies. Summary sentence This review comprehensively discusses the current status of various sperm proteins involved in mammalian fertilization, the reasons for failing to identify the ones involved in zona adhesion and, new perspectives to identify them.
CD39 Identifies the CD4+ Tumor-Specific T-cell Population in Human Cancer

Immunotherapy of cancer is based on the activation of tumor-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The authors show that the expression of CD39 can be used to identify, isolate, and expand tumor-reactive T-cell populations in cancers. The accumulation of tumor-specific CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells is key to an effective antitumor response. Locally, CD4+ T cells promote the recruitment and effector function of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and activate innate killer cells in the tumor. Here, we show that tumor-specific CD4+ T cells were predominantly present in the CD39+ subset of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). The CD39+ CD4+ and CD8+ TILs were detected in three different tumor types, and displayed an activated (PD-1+, HLA-DR+) effector memory phenotype. CD4+CD39+ single-cell RNA-sequenced TILs shared similar well-known activation, tissue residency, and effector cell–associated genes with CD8+CD39+CD103+ TILs. Finally, analysis of directly ex vivo cell-sorted and in vitro expanded pure populations of CD39-positive and negative CD4+ and CD8+ TILs revealed that tumor-specific antigen reactivity was almost exclusively detected among CD39+ cells. Immunotherapy of cancer is based on the activation of tumor-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We show that the expression of CD39 can be used to identify, isolate, and expand tumor-reactive T-cell populations in cancers.
Study on early biomarkers of zebrafish liver injury induced by acetaminophen

Abstract The aim of this study was to systematically study zebrafish model to predict drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with the drug acetaminophen (APAP) and find the sensitive early biomarkers. The concentration–toxicity relationship was determined at concentrations 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mmol/L of APAP. APAP caused a concentration-dependent mortality of zebrafish. APAP caused a time-dependent mortality. Mild to severe vacuolar degeneration of liver cells were observed. APAP increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels significantly, while it delevated argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASAL) and total bile acid (TBA) levels. TBA and ASAL were more sensitive than ALT in this process. Zebrafish may be a convenient, practical and valuable biological model to predict DILI.
Motivating Military Trainee Healthy Eating: Insight from Two Sites

This paper investigates eating behaviours and motivations of early career military trainees from two pathways (officer cadets and army recruits) to understand whether, and to what extent, healthful eating behaviours were present, and what motivates eating in general and healthful habits specifically. The study also sought to understand whether groups need strategies that are pathway specific or are transferrable across different trainee populations. Participants were recruited via email to complete an online survey and through in-person invitations to ensure a diverse cross section of trainees (n = 195) and recruits (n = 297). Two-step cluster analysis revealed three distinct segments with education, opportunity and motivation being the most important variables within a wider multivariate segment formation and stepwise linear regression was performed to identify the most optimal model with the least number of predictors for each segment. The ideal model for the uninterested segment contained nine predictors, seven predictors for the Breakfast skippers segment and eight predictors for the Weight conscious segment. This study found that there is room for improvement in the eating habits of military trainees across military training pathways. Eating motivations, and their associations with healthful eating habits, indicate a need for strategies that are broader than instilling or reinforcing health motivations. Strategies that can be implemented to support healthful eating for military trainees include provision of food preparation and cooking skills training, coupled with provision of social support and environments that facilitate healthful eating. Furthermore, three distinct segments were discovered within the trainee population, indicating that strategies for positively changing trainees’ eating behaviours may not need to be pathway specific, rather it may be possible to introduce the same group of segmented strategies across both pathways. Future research directions and limitations are outlined.
Feeding herring schools do not react to seismic air gun surveys

The real-time behaviour of herring schools exposed to a full-scale 3D seismic survey off Vesteralen, northernNorway, was observed using an omnidirectional fisheries sonar. Throughout the study period, the herring swam slowly against the predominant northeast current, with a net displacement along with the current. The mean swimming speed after subtracting the drift velocities was 0.35 m s, and the mean response speed in the direction away from the air gun array was 0.22 m s. No changes were observed in swimming speed, swimming direction, or school size that could be attributed to the transmitting seismic vessel as it approached from a distance of 27 to 2 km, over a 6 h period. The unexpected lack of a response to the seismic survey was interpreted as a combination of a strong motivation for feeding, a lack of suddenness of the air gun stimulus, and an increased level of tolerance to the seismic shooting.
Stingless Bee Honey: Evaluating Its Antibacterial Activity and Bacterial Diversity

Stingless bee honey (SBH) is an astounding ‘miracle liquid’ with countless medicinal properties for various diseases such as gastroenteritis, cataracts, as well as for wound-healing. However, knowledge regarding it is still rather scarce. Henceforth, it is intriguing for us to contemplate on the less-studied stingless bee and its honey in particular. First and foremost, the antimicrobial ability of honey from eight different stingless bee species was tested to further proven its health benefit. Homotrigona fimbriata honey showed the highest antimicrobial activity with inhibition against five bacteria; Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Alcaligenes faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The next aim of our study is to characterize their honey bacterial community via the use of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology. A total of eight bacterial phyla, 71 families, 155 genera and 70 species were identified from our study and two of the stingless bee species honey were determined to have the highest bacterial diversity compared to other six stingless bee species, namely Heterotrigona erythrogastra and Tetrigona melanoleuca. Furthermost, Lactobacillus malefermentans was thought to be the native dominant bacteria of SBH due to its predominant presence throughout all studied species. The aforementioned SBH’s antimicrobial results and characterization study of its bacterial diversity are hoped to carve the pathway towards extending its probiotic ability into our everyday lives.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Preconception Health Knowledge Questionnaire

Purpose: To develop and psychometrically test a comprehensive measure of preconception health knowledge. Design: Cross-sectional survey, in May and June, 2019. Setting: Alberta, Ontario, and Québec, Canada. Sample: One thousand seven hundred seventy-seven women and men with ≥1 children born in the last 5 years or planning a pregnancy in the next 5 years. Measures: Using prior literature and input from public health nurses and physicians, the Preconception Health Knowledge Questionnaire (PHKQ) was developed and comprised 25 multiple choice questions on reproductive history, sexual health, infectious diseases, chronic medical conditions, mental health, medications, immunizations, lifestyle behaviors, psychosocial stressors, and environmental exposures. Analysis: Psychometric testing was undertaken to evaluate item difficulty, discrimination, quality of response alternatives, internal consistency, and construct validity. Results: Participants had a mean total score of 15.8/25 (SD = 3.9); women and men had mean total scores of 16.2 (SD = 3.6) and 13.8 (SD = 4.7), respectively. Most items were neither too difficult nor too easy, discriminated well between participants with high and low knowledge, and had appropriate response alternatives. High internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.87) and construct validity, shown via significant correlations with education level and previous preconception care receipt, were demonstrated. Conclusion: The PHKQ is a reliable and valid tool for measuring preconception health knowledge and may be useful in identification of high-risk groups in need of preconception health education and evaluation of preconception health interventions.
Investigating Connections between Need for Cognitive Closure and Climate Change Concern in College Students

Understanding how people’s worldviews and individual personality differences affect their thinking about anthropogenic climate change is critical to communication efforts regarding this issue. This study surveyed University of Georgia students to investigate the role that need for cognitive closure plays in level of climate change worry. The relationship between these two was found to involve suppression—a subset of mediation—by the social dimension of political conservatism. Political conservatism was also found to play a mediating role in the relationship between need for cognitive closure and support for governmental and personal climate solutions. However, social conservatism played this mediator role in women, and functioned as a suppressor for men. These findings help inform audience segmentation and creation of climate-related messages based on audience worldview and personality.
Pollen limitation is uncommon in an endangered oak savannah ecosystem

Pollen receipt limits reproduction in many plants, potentially affecting population viability and trait evolution. Despite considerable research, there is little consensus on the causes of pollen limitation (PL). Reviews suggest spatial and temporal variation in PL may be important for plant reproductive fitness, yet few studies have examined PL in multiple species across sites and years. We examined how pollinator communities affected PL in six wildflower species across six sites and 2 years. Although our study was conducted in a fragmented ecosystem and on perennial species (both are associated with PL in meta-analyses), we found that PL was uncommon. The degree of PL was highly variable among years, sites, and species, with no species or site showing consistent PL. Variation in PL among sites and years was not explained by variation in diversity or visit rate of the pollinating fauna. The rarity of PL in this study may limit our assessment of the importance of pollinators, but our results do suggest that PL is highly context-dependent, which should be a focus for future work.
Regeneration of critical-sized mandibular defect using a 3D-printed hydroxyapatite-based scaffold: An exploratory study.

BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become an available technology to fabricate customized tissue engineering scaffolds with delicate architecture. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the potential of a 3D-printed hydroxyapatite-based scaffold as a biomaterial for obtaining guided bone regeneration (GBR) in vivo. METHODS Scaffolds composed of 90% hydroxyapatite and 10% poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) were printed using a microextrusion process to fit 4 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thick through-and-through osseous defects on the mandibular ramus of rats, with unfilled defects serving as controls. Specimens were analyzed for regeneration-associated gene expression on day 7, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histology assessments were carried out on day 28. RESULTS The scaffolds were 3.56±0.43 mm (x-axis) and 4.02±0.44 mm (y-axis) in diameter and 0.542±0.035 mm thick (z-axis), with a mean pore size of 0.420±0.028 × 0.328±0.005 mm2 . Most scaffolds fit the defects well. Type I collagen, VEGF, and Cbfa1 were upregulated in the scaffold-treated defects by day 7. By day 28, de novo osteogenesis and scaffold-tissue integration were evident in the scaffold-treated defects, and entire mineralized tissue, as well as newly formed bone, was significantly promoted, as seen in the micro-CT and histologic analyses. CONCLUSION The 3D-printed hydroxyapatite-based scaffold showed acceptable dimensional stability and demonstrated favorable osteoregenerative capability that fulfilled the need for GBR. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Standardizing therapeutic parameters of acupuncture in vascular dementia rats

Despite acupuncture having been successfully used for the clinical treatment for vascular dementia in Asian countries for centuries, scientifically rigorous evidence is lacking for standardizing therapeutic parameters. To address this problem, it is necessary to examine the parameters of acupuncture using scientific methodology. The goal of this study is to investigate various therapeutic parameters, including manipulation, retention, and frequency of acupuncture, and their contribution to the efficacy of acupuncture in VD.
Predictors of unmet need for contraception among adolescent girls and young women in selected high fertility countries in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel mixed effects analysis

Introduction Despite the desire of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to use contraceptives, the majority of them have challenges with access to contraceptive services. This is more evident in high fertility countries in SSA. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictors of unmet need for contraception among AGYW in selected high fertility countries in SSA. Materials and methods Data from current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) carried out between 2010 and 2018 in 10 countries in SSA were analysed. A sample size of 24,898 AGYW who were either married or cohabiting was used. Unmet need for contraception was the outcome variable in this study. The explanatory variables were age, marital status, occupation, educational level, frequency of reading newspaper/magazine, frequency of listening to radio, frequency of watching television and parity (individual level variables) and wealth quintile, sex of household head, place of residence and decision-maker in healthcare (household/community level variables). Descriptive and multilevel logistic regression analyses were carried out. The results of the multilevel logistic regression analyses were reported using adjusted odds ratios at 95% confidence interval. Results The prevalence of unmet need for contraception in all the countries considered in this study was 24.9%, with Angola, recording the highest prevalence of 42.6% while Niger had the lowest prevalence of 17.8%. In terms of the individual level predictors, the likelihood of unmet need for contraception was low among AGYW aged 20–24 [aOR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.76–0.88], those with primary [aOR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.13–1.31] and secondary/higher levels of formal education [aOR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.08–1.28, p < 0.001], cohabiting AGYW [aOR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.42–1.63] and AGYW with three or more births [aOR = 3.41; 95% CI = 3.02–3.85]. At the household/community level, the odds of unmet need for contraception was highest among poorer AGYW [aOR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.21–1.53], AGYW in female-headed households [aOR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.13–1.33], urban AGYW [aOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.11–1.32] and AGYW who took healthcare decisions alone [aOR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.01–1.21]. Conclusion This study has identified disparities in unmet need for contraception among AGYW in high fertility countries in SSA, with AGYW in Angola having the highest prevalence. Both individual and household/community level factors predicted unmet need for contraception among AGYW in this study. However, based on the ICC values, household/community level factors prevailed the individual level factors. Enhancing access to contraception among poorer AGYW, those in female-headed households, those in urban areas and those who take healthcare decisions alone by both governmental and non-governmental organisations in high fertility countries is recommended.
Residential Mobility and Geospatial Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival

Background: Identifying geospatial cancer survival disparities is critical to focus interventions and prioritize efforts with limited resources. Incorporating residential mobility into spatial models may result in different geographic patterns of survival compared with the standard approach using a single location based on the patient's residence at the time of diagnosis. Methods: Data on 3,949 regional-stage colon cancer cases diagnosed from 2006 to 2011 and followed until December 31, 2016, were obtained from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. Geographic disparity based on the spatial variance and effect sizes from a Bayesian spatial model using residence at diagnosis was compared with a time-varying spatial model using residential histories [adjusted for sex, gender, substage, race/ethnicity, and census tract (CT) poverty]. Geographic estimates of risk of colon cancer death were mapped. Results: Most patients (65%) remained at the same residence, 22% changed CT, and 12% moved out of state. The time-varying model produced a wider range of adjusted risk of colon cancer death (0.85–1.20 vs. 0.94–1.11) and resulted in greater geographic disparity statewide after adjustment (25.5% vs. 14.2%) compared with the model with only the residence at diagnosis. Conclusions: Including residential mobility may allow for more precise estimates of spatial risk of death. Results based on the traditional approach using only residence at diagnosis were not substantially different for regional stage colon cancer in New Jersey. Impact: Including residential histories opens up new avenues of inquiry to better understand the complex relationships between people and places, and the effect of residential mobility on cancer outcomes. See related commentary by Williams, p. 2107
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Infection Among Attendees of an Overnight Camp — Georgia, June 2020

Limited data are available about transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), among youths. During June 17-20, an overnight camp in Georgia (camp A) held orientation for 138 trainees and 120 staff members; staff members remained for the first camp session, scheduled during June 21-27, and were joined by 363 campers and three senior staff members on June 21. Camp A adhered to the measures in Georgia's Executive Order* that allowed overnight camps to operate beginning on May 31, including requiring all trainees, staff members, and campers to provide documentation of a negative viral SARS-CoV-2 test ≤12 days before arriving. Camp A adopted most† components of CDC's Suggestions for Youth and Summer Camps§ to minimize the risk for SARS-CoV-2 introduction and transmission. Measures not implemented were cloth masks for campers and opening windows and doors for increased ventilation in buildings. Cloth masks were required for staff members. Camp attendees were cohorted by cabin and engaged in a variety of indoor and outdoor activities, including daily vigorous singing and cheering. On June 23, a teenage staff member left camp A after developing chills the previous evening. The staff member was tested and reported a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 the following day (June 24). Camp A officials began sending campers home on June 24 and closed the camp on June 27. On June 25, the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) was notified and initiated an investigation. DPH recommended that all attendees be tested and self-quarantine, and isolate if they had a positive test result.