Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clashing sub-cultures : the rivalry between the fans of Aston Villa and Birmingham City Football Clubs

This thesis explores the football fan rivalry between the fans of Aston Villa and Birmingham City. Football fan rivalries are unique and complex, with each one being underpinned by various social, historical and/or cultural factors. Therefore, each rivalry should be studied in-depth in order to understand the underlying factors that shape oppositions and social identities. This rivalry has previously received no academic attention, despite these two being the main clubs in Birmingham, England’s second largest city, with a long history of intra-city rivalry since the first fixture between the two in 1879. The constructivist approach adopted perceived people’s knowledge, opinions, interpretations and experiences as meaningful properties of social reality and, thus, this study aimed to gather data from those who actually experience the rivalry – the fans. An ethnographic study was undertaken in order to elicit rich, qualitative data and to gain a deep and reality congruent insight into the complex factors that underpin the rivalry. Participant observation was conducted at matches involving Aston Villa and Birmingham City. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with fans of the two clubs, with data being subjected to coding and a thematic analysis. Informed by a cultural studies framework that focused on the centrality of power, the analysis identified three central themes underpinning the rivalry. The first theme was the constant struggle between the fan groups over territory. Fans placed great value on being perceived to control certain areas, or even the whole city, in order to gain power (territorial capital) and become the dominant identity. This is particularly significant as a detailed exploration of territory has previously been absent from football rivalry literature. Secondly, tensions were based on the historical footballing success of Aston Villa, and on Birmingham City’s relative lack of success. Villa fans were perceived as the dominant group as the success of the team afforded them high levels of (sub)cultural capital. Thirdly, the contestation over power was informed by the perceived socio-economic status of each fan group, with Villa fans being perceived as more middle-class and Blues fans more working-class. These complex factors are continually contested and under negotiation, with the passion and intensity of the rivalry enduring as both fan groups battle for dominance. In addition to exploring this particular rivalry for the first time, this study has contributed to the limited but growing literature on rivalries, providing a clear methodological and theoretical framework for future research in this area, which was previously lacking.
The Characteristic Based Split (CBS) scheme for laminar and turbulent incompressible flow simulations

Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author.
Utilizing new evidence in the prevention of recurrent preterm birth

Objective: Treatments that have proven to be effective in large randomized controlled trials are implemented in clinical practice at varying rates. We measured to what extent new and established strategies were applied to prevent recurrent preterm birth in the Netherlands. Methods: In two academic hospitals, two non-academic teaching hospitals and two non-academic, non-teaching hospitals, we reviewed charts of all women who had delivered in 2006 and at that time had a history of spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks. We compared the application of preventive treatments between different types of hospitals. Results: Ninety-one records were identified. In academic centers, screening for bacterial vaginosis and progesterone treatment were applied more often than in other centers (49 vs. 14%, p-value 0.001 and 63 vs. 22%, p-value <0.001, respectively). Cervical length measurement was applied more often in non-academic hospitals (58 vs. 39%, p-value 0.07), but with fewer measurements per patient (average of 3.3 vs. 5.8). Conclusion: In the management of women with a history of preterm birth, there is large practice variation. Relatively new treatments such as progesterone injections and screening for bacterial vaginosis are applied more frequently in academic centers, whereas cervical length measurement is more often performed in non-academic hospitals.
THE PERSPECTIVE AND EXPECTATIONS ABOUT FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION OF THE STUDENTS AT VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS

Vocational schools form an important part of the vocational education in Turkey. The world is becoming global and the business world needs qualified work force in order to sustain its presence in a competitive environment. In this world in which information and technology are developping quickly, foreign language education has become very important during vocational training to increase employees’ professional proficiency level and its sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the perspective and expectations of the students from different departments at Uludağ University İnegöl Vocational School about the importance, weekly hours and methods in foreign language education. Data were collected by interviewing one-to-one with 30 students from different departments. Content analysis and codification method were used to analyse the data. Data analysis has been continuing. The collected data will be discussed in view of the methods of foreing language education applied in Turkey and the students’ attitudes and behaviours against foreign language education.
A Cross-Lagged Model of Psychiatric Problems and Health-Related Quality of Life Among a National Sample of HIV-Positive Adults

Objectives:To investigate the temporal association between symptoms of psychiatric disorder and physical aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a sample of HIV-positive adults. Methods:Sample included 2431 participants at baseline and the first follow-up (FU1; approximately 8 months later). Measures included 4 components of HRQOL (general health, lack of pain, physical functioning, and role functioning), and psychiatric symptoms of depressive and anxiety disorders. Covariates included demographics, and clinical and substance use-related measures. A series of regression equations was estimated to construct the cross-lagged path model. Results depicted the relationships among the 4 HRQOL components and 2 types of psychiatric symptoms over time. This model included stability effects for each measure and cross-lagged effects from both the psychiatric measures at baseline to each of the HRQOL components at FU1 and from each of the 4 HRQOL components at baseline to the psychiatric measures at FU1. Results:After controlling for stability effects and covariates, symptoms of depressive disorder at FU1 were significantly predicted by baseline general health and physical functioning, whereas symptoms of anxiety disorder at FU1 were significantly predicted by baseline general health and lack of pain. Anxiety symptoms at baseline did not significantly predict FU1 HRQOL, but baseline depressive symptoms were significant predictors of general health and lack of pain at FU1. Conclusion:Responses from a sample of HIV-positive adults at 2 time points approximately 8 months apart provide evidence for a reciprocal relationship between symptoms of psychiatric disorder and physical aspects of HRQOL.
Financial Constraints and Productivity: Evidence from Euro Area Companies

We study the relation between firms financial structure, access to external finance and labor productivity using a unique dataset of firm-level data for several euro area countries during the period 1995-2011. The empirical strategy is twofold. First we build a synthetic indicator of financial constraints using an a-priori classification based on specific firm characteristics and various measures of financial pressure. Therefore we augment a firm-level production equation with our indicator to estimate the direct impact of access to finance to firm-level productivity. We find negative and significant effects in the majority of countries and industries, with marginal impacts considerably higher in industries that innovate the most, like “Energy, Gas and Water Supply” and “R&D, Communication and Information”. Counter-factual exercises show that, as opposed to Germany and Netherlands, countries like Italy and Portugal are the most affected by financial constraints, with an estimated loss of around 21% of their labor productivity. In addition, each country would gain on average between one and two percent of their labor productivity by expanding the access to finance of small firms to that of the average large firm.
Crack Models of Repeating Earthquakes Predict Observed Moment‐Recurrence Scaling

Small repeating earthquakes are thought to represent rupture of isolated asperities loaded by surrounding creep. The observed scaling between recurrence interval and seismic moment, Tr∼M1/6, contrasts with expectation assuming constant stress drop and no aseismic slip (Tr∼M1/3). Here we demonstrate that simple crack models of velocity‐weakening asperities in a velocity‐strengthening fault predict the M1/6 scaling; however, the mechanism depends on asperity radius, R. For small asperities ( R∞
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES IN 2000-2012

The purpose of research is to analyze selected social indicators of rural sustainable development in the EU Member States in 2000-2012, and to determine their main tendencies. To describe those tendencies and changes that took place in rural areas, the factor analysis has been implemented. Three main factors have been worked out to determine the synthetic index (SI) of social development of rural areas of the EU Member States. It enabled the authors to affirm that the leading EU countries in terms of social development are Luxemburg, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden, those among the least developed are the countries, which joined the EU after two last waves of its enlargement, namely Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania. The main reasons for such a differentiation are the quality of rural life related problems: rural poverty due to low incomes, great dependence on agriculture, depopulation, poor infrastructure etc.
A Corpus-Based Study on the Use of Spoken Discourse Markers by Thai EFL Learners

This research investigated the use of English spoken discourse markers by Thai EFL learners in English conversation compared to native English speakers from two perspectives: frequency and pragmatic function. A total of 60 learners were involved in the research: 30 Thai B1-level learners and 30 Thai C1-level EFL learners. Spoken data was collected and transcribed into written form to build a learner corpus for analysis. The data analysis indicated underuse by Thai EFL learners of four spoken discourse markers – so , well , you know and I think . Moreover, Thai EFL learners we shown to use each spoken discourse marker differently in comparison to native English speakers. On the whole, interpersonal functions were less frequently a factor than textual functions, indicating a larger deficiency in performing interpersonal functions by Thai EFL learners. These results lead to the conclusion that Thai EFL learners lack pragmatic competence in oral communication in terms of performance (usage instance) discrepancy regarding
A scalable architecture for massive MIMO base stations using distributed processing

Massive MIMO-systems have received considerable attention in recent years as an enabler in future wireless communication systems. As the idea is based on having a large number of antennas at the base station it is important to have both a scalable and distributed realization of such a system to ease deployment. Most work so far have focused on the theoretical aspects although a few demonstrators have been reported. In this work, we propose a base station architecture based on connecting the processing nodes in a K-ary tree, allowing simple scalability. Furthermore, it is shown that most of the processing can be performed locally in each node. Further analysis of the node processing shows that it should be enough that each node contains one or two complex multipliers and a few complex adders/subtracters operating at some hundred MHz. It is also shown that a communication link of some Gbps is required between the nodes, and, hence, it is fully feasible to have one or a few links between the nodes to cope with the communication requirements.
Institutional Perspectives on Entrepreneurial Behavior in Challenging Environments

This paper examines the institutional embeddedness of entrepreneurial behavior. The institutional context influences the nature, pace of development, and extent of entrepreneurship as well as the way entrepreneurs behave. This is particularly apparent in challenging environments such as emerging market and transition economies with an uncertain, ambiguous, and turbulent institutional framework. The paper develops suggestions as to how to extend the current institutional approach by emphasizing that institutions not only influence entrepreneurs but entrepreneurs may also influence institutional development by contributing to institutional change. This also includes acknowledging the heterogeneity of entrepreneurial responses to institutional conditions, depending on the situational configuration of institutional fit, enterprise characteristics, and entrepreneur's background, in which the role of trust as an influence on entrepreneurial behavior needs to be investigated. By focusing on these interrelationships, the paper aims to make a theoretical contribution to the field of entrepreneurship, illustrating how entrepreneurial behavior is linked to its social context.
Dryland farming in Africa

Agricultural development in dryland Africa, Jim Rowland the dryland farming environment, Vijay Kumar and Jim Rowland drought and crop adaptation, John Ashley principles of dryland farming, Jim Rowland and Peter Whiteman cropping systems, Richard Edwards traditional farming systems and the farming systems research approach, Richard Edwards crop production in the West African drylands, Vijay Kumar soil and water conservation, Paul Smith weed control - general principles and approaches, Ann Stroud pests and disease control, Tsedeke Abate the use of animal draught, Ann Stroud cereal crops, Jim Rowland oilseeds, John Ashley grain legumes, Jim Rowland root crops, Jim Rowland.
Perceptions of risk and predictive testing held by the first-degree relatives of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in England, Austria and Germany: a qualitative study

Objectives The family members of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of developing RA and are potential candidates for predictive testing. This study explored the perceptions of first-degree relatives of people with RA about being at risk of RA and engaging in predictive testing. Methods 34 first-degree relatives (siblings and offspring) of patients with RA from the UK, Germany and Austria participated in semistructured interviews about their perceptions of RA risk and the prospect of predictive testing. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results First-degree relatives were aware of their susceptibility to RA, but were unsure of the extent of their risk. When considering their future risk, some relatives were concerned about the potential impact that RA would have on their lives. Relatives were concerned that knowing their actual risk would increase their anxiety and would affect decisions about their future. Also, relatives were concerned about the levels of uncertainty associated with predictive testing. Those in favour of knowing their future risk felt that they would need additional support to understand the risk information and cope with the emotional impact of this information. Conclusions Identifying individuals at risk of RA may allow targeted interventions to reduce the risk and consequence of future disease; however, relatives have concerns about predictive testing and risk information. The development of strategies to quantify and communicate risk needs to take these views into account and incorporate approaches to mitigate concerns and minimise the psychological impact of risk information.
Coupling of Sea Level Rise, Tidal Amplification, and Inundation

AbstractWith the global sea level rising, it is imperative to quantify how the dynamics of tidal estuaries and embayments will respond to increased depth and newly inundated perimeter regions. With increased depth comes a decrease in frictional effects in the basin interior and altered tidal amplification. Inundation due to higher sea level also causes an increase in planform area, tidal prism, and frictional effects in the newly inundated areas. To investigate the coupling between ocean forcing, tidal dynamics, and inundation, the authors employ a high-resolution hydrodynamic model of San Francisco Bay, California, comprising two basins with distinct tidal characteristics. Multiple shoreline scenarios are simulated, ranging from a leveed scenario, in which tidal flows are limited to present-day shorelines, to a simulation in which all topography is allowed to flood. Simulating increased mean sea level, while preserving original shorelines, produces additional tidal amplification. However, flooding of adj.
Urban Transportation Networks: Equilibrium Analysis with Mathematical Programming Methods

Pharmaceutical compositions useful for effecting diuresis and saluresis and for treating hypertension in humans and animals are produced by combining a pyrazol-5-one of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable nontoxic salt thereof wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl or amino; X is methylene, ethylene, methylene wherein 1 hydrogen at
Regression Based Estimation of Dynamic Asset Pricing Models

We propose regression-based estimators for beta representations of dynamic asset pricing models with an affine pricing kernel specification. We allow for state variables that are cross-sectional pricing factors, forecasting variables for the price of risk, and factors that are both. The estimators explicitly allow for time-varying prices of risk, time-varying betas, and serially dependent pricing factors. Our approach nests the Fama-MacBeth two-pass estimator as a special case. We provide asymptotic multistage standard errors necessary to conduct inference for asset pricing test. We illustrate our new estimators in an application to the joint pricing of stocks and bonds. The application features strongly time-varying, highly significant prices of risks that are found to be quantitatively more important than time-varying betas in reducing pricing errors.
PERMEABILITY OF THE TRANS-CANADA HIGHWAY TO WILDLIFE IN BANFF NATIONAL PARK: IMPORTANCE OF CROSSING STRUCTURES AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THEIR EFFECTIVENESS

Highway mitigation measures have been designed to increase permeability and habitat connectivity for wildlife living in transportation corridors. Unfortunately, post-construction performance evaluations are rarely carried out to determine mitigation measure effectiveness, modify them if necessary, and learn from past experiences. In Banff National Park, Alberta, 11 wildlife underpasses (WUP) were constructed during the last decade to allow wildlife movement across a 4-lane section of the Trans Canada Highway (TCH). This paper evaluates wildlife use of the WUP and examines the importance of structural and environmental features that may enhance wildlife use of them. WUP were intensively monitored during 12 months. WUP were characterized by eight continuous variables and three categorical variables. Simple correlations were used to examine relationships between monthly crossing rate and WUP variables. Stepwise multiple regression analyses developed models with one or more variables explaining relative use of WUP. Elk and deer used the WUP more frequently than carnivores. Among large carnivores, black bears were most frequent users. Monthly crossing rates varied during the year and reflected seasonal activity patterns. Underpass use by large carnivores was negatively correlated with human use levels and was greatest at divided underpasses. WUP quality was best predicted by human use levels, and WUP openness and length, yet human use was the most important factor. Ungulate use was positively correlated with human use and negatively correlated with underpass length. Regression analysis showed that human activity and openness were the most important model components. The results suggested that possible barrier effects of the TCH may be reduced by WUP, but long term studies are needed to assess TCH effects on species' fitness. Park management of human activity around WUP will be crucial for success. The requirements of sensitive species should take precedence in design of quality WUP.
Composition of Co-rich ferromanganese crusts and substrate rocks from the Marshall Islands, cruise KODOS 97-4

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with the U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. INTRODUCTION Three northwest Pacific seamounts were studied in the Marshall Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) during the KODOS 97-4 cruise, which took place from 23 August to 6 September, 1997 aboard the R.V. Onnuri (Figs. 1-4). Cruise KODOS 97-4 (Table 1) marked a renewed effort to study seamount mineral deposits that had started with three USGS-KORDI cooperative cruises aboard the R.V. Farnella, one each in the years 1989-1991. The primary objectives of the KODOS 97-4 cruise were to (1) map the distribution of thick Fe-Mn crusts on Lomilik Seamount and determine the geologic and oceanographic conditions that promoted growth of thick crusts (Fig. 3). Reconnaissance sampling and mapping on Lomilik Seamount were completed in 1989 during the first cooperative USGS-KORDI cruise aboard the R.V. Farnella (Hein, Kang, et al., 1990). During that cruise, the thickest (180 mm) shallow-water crust ever recovered from the ocean basins was collected from the summit of Lomilik Seamount; and (2) reconnaissance sampling and mapping of two volcanic edifices that had not previously been studied, Lemkein Seamount and Litakpooki Ridge (Figs. 2,4). Representative ferromanganese oxyhydroxide crusts (Fe-Mn crusts) and substrate rocks from the dredge hauls taken on those three edifices were analyzed for this study, which extends our previous work on Fe-Mn crusts collected in and Shipboard operations included three dredges on Lemkein Seamount, ten dredges, eight CTD stations, and two camera surveys on Lomilik Seamount, and two dredges on Litakpooki Ridge (Tables 2-4; Figs. 1-4). Of the 15 dredges attempted, 12 provided usable Fe-Mn crust samples. In addition, 1059 km of 12 kHz and 3.5 kHz bathymetric surveys were carried out, 524 km of which also included 12 channel, 300 cubic inch airgun profiles on Lomilik Seamount (Table 3). An important objective of the cruise, swath bathymetric mapping of Lomilik Seamount, was not accomplished because of equipment problems. Swath bathymetry should be completed during a follow-up cruise in 1998 and those data will then be combined with data presented here to fully address objective 1 listed above. A relatively good bathymetric map was prepared from a grid survey of Lomilik Seamount using 12 and 3.5 kHz lines (Fig. …