Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptations in Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. and Cenchrus ciliaris L. for altitude tolerance

Understanding how plants superpass high altitude and survive successfully in life-threatning abiotic condition is crucial for predicting their response to climate change. Plant strategies to beat cold are characterized by morphological and physiological adjustments. Here we studied the variations in leaf anatomy and physiology of two grasses Cenchrus ciliaris (Cc) and Imperata cylindrica (Ic) dominating in western Himalayan grasslands which are driven by elevation. We collected leaves of each grass from upper most canopy from three different elevations of district Poonch viz., lower site Paniola (1310 m a.s.l.), middle site Banjosa (1780 m a.s.l.) and higher site Tarkhul (2100 m a.s.l). Results showed that both grasses dodge the aggressive climatic forces by modifying anatomical setting and changing physiological adjustments. Elevation controls the conductive tissues by reducing vessel size and extensive sclerified tissues around the vascular bundles help the plant to avoid cavitation induced in cold conditions. The better physiological adjustment of these grasses at high elevation is ascribed to high proline and sugar present in leaves and accelerated activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) show scavenging ability of these grasses at high altitude. The low activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) is related with lower lipid peroxidation. These results bring novel information on how ecological factors influence the evolution of anatomical and physiological adaptations in high altitude plants.
The effect of 12-year ecological farming on the soil hydraulic properties and repellency index

The objective of this study was to elucidate the influence of long-term ecological farming on selected soil properties by comparing results obtained in the field with continuous conventional farming (CT) and those obtained in the field where the original CT was converted into ecological farming system with no-till practice (NT) twelve years earlier. Soil water retention curves were obtained for 100 cm 3 undisturbed soil samples using a pressure plate apparatus. Hydraulic conductivity and the repellency index were assessed directly in the field using a mini disk infiltrometer. The examined soil properties showed that NT mostly had a positive influence on the soil quality. The soil water retention capacity represented by the saturated soil water content of 0.32 and 0.40 cm 3 cm −3 and the reciprocal of the air-entry pressure head of 0.0227 and 0.0187 cm for CT and NT, respectively, was higher in the NT field than in the CT field. The soil physical quality, represented by the slope of the soil water retention curve at the inflection point of 0.033 (CT) and 0.047 (NT), was better under NT than CT. The hydraulic conductivity at the pressure head of –2 cm was higher in the NT field (0.97 cm hr. −1 ) than in the CT field (0.17 cm hr. −1 ). On the other hand, ecological farming increased water repellency (repellency index of 6.73 and 18.91 for CT and NT, respectively).
Apatite from NWA 10153 and NWA 10645—The Key to Deciphering Magmatic and Fluid Evolution History in Nakhlites

Apatites from Martian nakhlites NWA 10153 and NWA 10645 were used to obtain insight into their crystallization environment and the subsequent postcrystallization evolution path. The research results acquired using multi-tool analyses show distinctive transformation processes that were not fully completed. The crystallization history of three apatite generations (OH-bearing, Cl-rich fluorapatite as well as OH-poor, F-rich chlorapatite and fluorapatite) were reconstructed using transmission electron microscopy and geochemical analyses. Magmatic OH-bearing, Cl-rich fluorapatite changed its primary composition and evolved toward OH-poor, F-rich chlorapatite because of its interaction with fluids. Degassing of restitic magma causes fluorapatite crystallization, which shows a strong structural affinity for the last episode of system evolution. In addition to the three apatite generations, a fourth amorphous phase of calcium phosphate has been identified with Raman spectroscopy. This amorphous phase may be considered a transition phase between magmatic and hydrothermal phases. It may give insight into the dissolution process of magmatic phosphates, help in processing reconstruction, and allow to decipher mineral interactions with hydrothermal fluids.
Diverse natal dispersal in four sibling red kites originating from Austria, including wintering in Tunisia

Four red kites ( Milvus milvus ), (siblings, RK1, RK2, RK3 and RK4) from the same nest in north-eastern Austria were tagged with telemetry (GPS/GSM/UHF) loggers on 23 June 2018 during the pulli growth stage and tracked until 5 April 2019. RK1 (female), RK2 (male), RK3 (female) and RK4 (female) occupied post-fledging areas until 1 August 2018 when they then began to migrate following a south-eastern direction. RK1 wintered in central Italy and used three temporary settlement areas (TSA). RK2 and RK3 migrated to the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea and returned back to winter in their natal area. They used three and two TSA, respectively. RK4 reached the Italian coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, crossing the sea in 12 h with an average flight speed of 58.6 km·h −1 ). The bird flew at an average altitude of 429 m above sea level before arriving in Algeria. RK4 then crossed the neighbouring border and wintered in Tunisia. It used two TSA (one in the Czech Republic and one in Tunisia). The migration behaviour and wintering locations among these floaters with the same genetic background during natal dispersal was substantially different and supposedly influenced by various environmental factors rather than by genetics.
Vitality of work involvement in mediation: The effect of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior

Article history: Received: October 15 2019 Received in revised format: November 2 2019 Accepted: November 3, 2019 Available online: November 4, 2019 This paper performs an investigation on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) head of the biMBA-AIUEO unit in DKI Jakarta Province, which is a franchise brand of kindergarten schools in Jakarta. The purpose of the research, is to know and analyze: the direct influence of Organizational Justice on OCB unit head biMBAAIUEO; the direct influence of Work Involvement on OCB; the direct influence of Organizational Justice on the Work Involvement, and the indirect effect of Organizational Justice on OCB head of the biMBA-AIUEO unit, with Work Involvement as mediation. The study used 140 samples of head of the biMBA-AIUEO unit in DKI Jakarta Province, and collected data by distributing questionnaires. The research uses quantitative methods and data processing using the path analysis. The results of this study prove that Organizational Justice had a positive and significant direct effect on OCB. Organizational Justice that are treated well can be perceived positively for employees to increase their OCB. Research results from work involvement have positive and significant effects on OCB. Even, Work Involvement has the most influence on OCB. This confirms that, high work involvement will also increase their OCB. Likewise, the results of the organization justice have a positive effect on work involvement. This reflects, that employees who are treated fairly by the organization will feel happy and can be a stimulus for them to be more actively involved in work. Whereas Organizational Justice has a positive and significant indirect effect on OCB through the mediation of Work Involvement. Employees who are treated fairly will feel happy, so they can stimulate themselves actively involved in work. This condition then, inspires and stimulates subordinates willing to do extra work that reflects OCB. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Prefoldin prevents aggregation of alpha-synuclein

Protein aggregation is observed in various neurodegeneration diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Alpha-synuclein, a causative gene product of familial PD, is a major component of large aggregates (inclusion bodies) in PD. Prefoldin, a molecular chaperone comprised of six subunits, PFD1~6, prevents misfolding of newly synthesized nascent polypeptides and also prevents aggregation of protein such as a pathogenic form of Huntingtin, a causative gene product of Huntington disease. In this study, we first found that aggregation of TagRFP-tagged wild-type  -synuclein and its pathogenic mutants, but not that of GFP-tagged  -synuclein, occurred in transfected Neuro-2a cells. The fluorescence of GFP is weakened under the condition of pH 4.5-5.0, and TagRFP is a stable red fluorescence protein under an acidic condition. Aggregated TagRFP-wild-type  -synuclein and its pathogenic mutants in Neuro-2a cells were ubiquitinated and were colocalized with the prefoldin complex in the lysosome under this condition. Furthermore, knockdown of PFD2 and PFD5 disrupted prefoldin formation in  -synuclein-expressing cells, resulting in accumulation of aggregates of wild-type and pathogenic  -synuclein and in induction of cell death. The levels of aggregation and cell death in pathogenic  -synuclein–transfected cells tended to be higher than those in wild-type  -synuclein–transfected cells. These results suggest that prefoldin works as a protective factor in aggregated  -synuclein-induced cell death.
Efficacy of Fungus Treated Ackee Apple (Blighia sapida ) Seed Meal on Milk Quantity and Quality of Lactating Goat

The study evaluates the efficacy of Aspergillus niger treated Ackee (Blighia sapida) Apple seed meal on milk quantity and quality of lactating West African dwarf goats (n= 12). The goats were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments with three replicates per treatment in a Completely Randomized design model. Treatment A (Control, without fungus treated Ackee Apple meal inclusion), Treatment B (2.5% inclusion level of fungus treated Ackee Apple seed meal), Treatment C (5.0% inclusion level of fungus treated Ackee Apple seed meal) and Treatment D (7.5% inclusion level of fungus treated Ackee Apple seed meal). The results revealed significant differences in the milk yield thus: 79.26kg (A), 86.65 (B), 82.79 (C) and 121.79kg (D). The butter fat was highest for Treatment A followed by B, C, and D in that order however, Treatments A and B are similar. The highest Solids not fat (SNF) content was recorded for Treatments D>B>C and the least was A. The milk protein was greater for Treatment s D, B and C and lowest for Treatment A (Control). However, Treatment B had the highest Total Solids (18.22%) hile D was 15.09%, C was 14.85% and A was 13.38%. The Lactose content was 6.79% (D), 6.60% (B), 6.09% (C) and 4.61 (A). It could be concluded that inclusion of Aspergillus niger treated Ackee Apple seed meal in the diet of lactating West African dwarf goat should be encouraged among dairy farmers.
A common abstraction of boolean rings and lattice ordered groups

Lattice ordered partial semigroups are introduced as a common abstraction of Boolean rings and lattice ordered groups. Boolean rings and lattice ordered groups are characterized as lattice ordered partial semigroups with additional properties. Compositio Mathematica 54 (1985) 51-62. © 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht. Printed in The Netherlands.
Imbalance of Circulatory T Follicular Helper and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in Patients with ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody- (ANCA-) associated vasculitis (AAV) is characterized by small-vessel inflammation in association with autoantibodies. Balance between T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells is critical for humoral immune responses. Accumulating evidence supports that Tfh and Tfr are involved in autoimmune diseases; however, their roles in AAV are unclear. In this study, we tested the changes of circulatory Tfh and Tfr in patients with AAV. Twenty patients with AAV and twenty healthy controls were enrolled. Sixteen AAV patients had kidney involvement. We found that the AAV patients had increased circulating Tfh cells (CD4+CXCR5+CD25−CD127interm-hi), decreased Tfr cells (CD4+CXCR5+CD25+CD127lo-interm), and elevated Tfh/Tfr ratios compared with healthy controls (P < 0.01). The Tfh percentage and Tfh/Tfr ratio, but not Tfr percentage, were positively correlated to proteinuria levels and BVAS scores in patients with AAV (P < 0.01). In addition, AAV patients had decreased circulating Tfh1 (CCR6−CXCR3+), but increased Tfh2 cells (CCR6−CXCR3−), compared with healthy controls (P < 0.01), indicating a Tfh1-to-Tfh2 shift. Furthermore, remission achieved by immunosuppressive treatment markedly attenuated the increase of total Tfh (P < 0.01) and Tfh2 cells (P < 0.05), promoted the Tfh1 response (P < 0.05), and recovered the balance between Tfh/Tfr cells (P < 0.05) and between Tfh1/Tfh2 cells (P < 0.05) in patients with AAV. Plasma levels of IL-21, a cytokine secreted by Tfh cells, were elevated in AAV patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.01), which was attenuated by immunosuppressive treatment (P < 0.05). Taken together, our findings indicate that circulatory Tfh/Tfr ratios, Tfh2/Tfh1 shift, and plasma IL-21 levels are associated with AAV and disease activity.
A novel chaos-based modulation scheme: adaptive threshold level chaotic on-offkeying for increased BER performance

: A novel modulation scheme called adaptive threshold level-chaotic on–off keying (ATL-COOK) is proposed. This scheme is applied to direct chaotic communication (DCC) systems where the chaotic signals are used as carrier signals. The objective of the proposed adaptive method is to increase the low BER versus SNR performance caused by the constant threshold voltage level. In the proposed method, the communication signal received by the receiver circuits was defined as a Dirac delta function and a comparison signal was obtained from this signal. Then the BER versus SNR performance was analyzed and compared with that of various chaotic generator structures by using an instantaneous adaptive signal instead of a constant threshold voltage in the receiver circuit decision block. Both the simulation results and the experiments show the efficiency of the proposed method.
General Equilibrium Pricing of Currency and Currency Options∗

This paper presents a consumption-based general equilibrium model for valuing foreign exchange contingent claims. The model identifies a novel economic mechanism by exploiting highly but imperfectly shared consumption disaster with variable intensities which are the concerns to the representative investor under recursive utility. When applied to the data, the model simultaneously replicates i) the moderate option-implied volatilities; ii) substantial variations in the risk-neutral skewness of currency returns; iii) the uncovered interest rate parity puzzle; and iv) the first two moments of carry trade returns. Furthermore, the model rationalizes salient features of the aggregate stock, government bonds, and equity index options. JEL code: F37, G01, G15
Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes in minced beef, calves and humans in Bishoftu and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial profile of Salmonella in 102 beef, 384 stool and 107 calf faecal samples. The beef samples were collected from 34 randomly selected supermarkets in Addis Ababa, stool samples were collected from Bishoftu General Hospital and calf faecal samples were from randomly selected dairy farms in Bishoftu. Of the total 102 minced beef, 384 stool and 107 faecal samples examined, 9.8, 3.4 and 1.9%, respectively, were positive for Salmonella. Twenty-five Salmonella isolates comprising of 14 different serotypes were identified. Among the different serotypes, S. Typhimurium was predominant (28%) followed by S. Uganda (20%) and S. Bovismorbificans (8%). The other serotypes identified were S. Anatum, S. Blockley, S. Braenderup, S. Enteritidis, S. Hadar, S. Havana, S. Livingstone, S. Mikawasima, S. Muenchen, S. Saintpaul and S. Typhimurium var. Copenhagen totally comprising 44%. Salmonella Mikawasima was reported for the first time in Ethiopia. Assay of antimicrobial resistance revealed that 20% of the isolates were resistant to three or more of the 24 antimicrobials checked. Resistance to 15 antimicrobials was recognized. The most common resistance was to nitrofurantion, streptomycin and tetracycline. Most of the antimicrobial resistant Salmonella isolates were from the meat samples. Result of the present study indicate that Salmonella isolates are diverse in serotype with significant antimicrobial resistance in the samples tested which could be potential sources of drug resistant Salmonella infections. Key words: Addis Ababa, Bishoftu, calf, Ethiopia, human, minced beef, Salmonella.
Target Accuracy Assessment for an ADS Design 4 th Workshop on Neutron Measurements , Evaluations and Applications-- Nuclear Data Needs for Generation IV and Accelerator-Driven Systems

Nuclear data uncertainties and their impact on a very wide range of reactor systems, including their associated fuel cycles, have to be assessed in order to consolidate preliminary design studies for new innovative systems. One specific class of systems is the so-called “dedicated waste transmuters”, that are fast neutron systems (critical or sub-critical, i.e. ADS), loaded with a Minor Actinide (MA) dominated fuel and potentially uranium-free. The availability of very general tools for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis together with new variance-covariance matrix data, produced in a joint effort under the auspices of the OECD-NEA by the world leading nuclear data evaluation groups, makes that endeavor particularly significant. In this report major results of interest for dedicated ADS are discussed and the most important fields and data types are pointed out, where priority improvements are required.
Parental Assimilation of Internationally Adopted Children

International adoption has been increasing in the United States since the 1970’s (Grotevant, Gunnar, Hellerstedt, Johnson, Lee, & Madsen, 2007). The purpose of this exploratory pilot study was to examine the attitudes of parents who have adopted internationally through a Midwestern adoption agency. The central research question was “What are the attitudes of parents as they assimilate their internationally adopted child? ” The researchers predicted that parents would be open to discussing issues that promote positive ethnic identity. It was also hypothesized that adoptive parents would respond positively to receiving useful cultural resources from their adoption agencies. There was a 27% return rate, resulting in nine study participants. Survey data was statistically analyzed using frequencies and mean comparisons. Significance testing as well as reliability were not conducted due to the small sample size. Overall, findings supported the hypotheses; qualitative comments were analyzed. Implications for practitioners include providing access to parents of useful cultural resources. Implications for future research would be to obtain a larger sample. Introduction International adoption has been steadily increasing in the United States since the 1970’s (Grotevant et al., Parental Assimilation of Internationally Adopted Children Journal of Student Research 14
Oxygen production and consumption associated with the major autotrophic components in two temperate seagrass communities*

Oxygen production and comsumption rates were determined for the various communities (plankton, sediment, and seagrass-plus-epiphytes) associated with 2 adjacent seagrass communities, one dominated by Zostera marina and the other by Ruppia maritima. Annual estimates of gross production summed for all communities were high compared to other reports (ca 1600 gC m-' and 1100 gC m-* in the 2. marina and the R. maritima dominated communities, respectively). Plankton and sediment communities accounted for ca 45 and 36 % in the 2 areas, respectively. Seasonal patterns of production for the 2 areas differed. In the 2. marina area, plankton and sediment production dominated during summer, whereas in the R. maritima area production of seagrass (plus epiphytes) dominated throughout the study. Temporal trends for oxygen production and consumption of the plankton and sediment components corresponded closely and suggested direct in situ utilization. However, a lag observed between production and consumption in the seagrass-plus-epiphyte component indicated indirect utilization mediated by microbially dominated decomposition and remineralization processes. The ratio of annual gross production to dark respiration (P:R) exceeded 1.0 in both seagrass communities and for all components, suggesting net export and/or burial of carbon in these systems.
Did the Presence of Immigrants Affect the Vote Outcome in the Brexit Referendum?

This study examines the effect of the presence of immigrants on voters’ behaviour, using a data set of the UK referendum on the exit from the European Union and survey data on individuals’ attitudes towards accepting immigrants. We apply the instrumental variable estimation to control for the bias due to the endogeneity of the immigrant ratio and omitted variables. To construct the instrumental variable, we use information on past industrial composition, including current industry composition as a control variable. We also instrument the current claimant rate. Contrary to popular media coverage, we find that the effect of the presence of immigrants on the vote outcome is small and not statistically significant. We also show that the survey result on attitudes towards accepting immigrants is consistent with the estimation results based on the vote outcome. JEL Classification: C25
INFLUENCE OF UNIT STRENGTH ON SHEAR-COMPRESSION BEHAVIOR OF CLAY MASONRY WALLS

Extensive experimental research aimed at defining the mechanical behavior of load bearing masonry walls made with perforated clay units was carried out at the University of Padova. Fifty-one specimens were characterized by means of uniaxial and diagonal compression tests and also by in-plane cyclic shear compression tests. Three types of masonry walls were investigated: masonry made with units with mortar pockets, masonry made with tongue and groove units, masonry made with units with small dimensional tolerance in height and thin layer mortar. Four types of non-linear finite element models were used in order to simulate the experimentally observed mechanical behavior. From the comparison of the obtained results, it was possible to draw some conclusions about the adopted experimental procedures, the different behavior of the three masonry typologies and the reliability of the modeling strategy to simulate the tests. On these bases, a simplified micro-modeling strategy, with the total strain rotating crack law for the units and interface elements for the masonry joints was chosen to reproduce monotonically the cyclic shear behavior of masonry. This model was used to carry out parametric analyses of the tested masonry typologies, in order to assess the influence of the unit compressive strength on the tested specimens global shear behavior. A range of strength between 5 and 20 N/mm was investigated. In the present contribution, the results of the parametric finite element analyses carried out are described and discussed.
Regulating Public and Private Partnerships for the Poor 17

The goals for economic regulation of monopoly service providers from a customer perspective are to ensure: Effective, resilient service delivery at a fair price, taking into account well targeted subsidies when necessary, to ensure service which is equitable and sustainable with adequate incentives for efficiency. Protection of consumers against monopoly abuse through transparency in price setting, complaints adjudication and fair compensation for service failure where appropriate as incentives for effectiveness. Both of these goals require some level of customer involvement in decision-making if they are to be successful over the long-term. REGULATORY TOOLS: CUSTOMER INVOLVEMENT