Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are we moving to an early intervention approach in forensic adolescent services?

ABSTRACT Aims and Method A retrospective service evaluation of the first 500 referrals to a new community forensic service (FCAMHS) describing profiles of young people accessing the service. The evaluation aims to understand the impact of changes in health service care models and diversion from youth justice services over the last two decades in England. Accessibility to enhance opportunity for prevention of high-risk behaviours for all ages up to 18 is evaluated. Results The majority of referrals were living with their families, had no social care status, attended mainstream school and had an average age of 14 (range 7–18). Most referrals were for aggression, followed by harmful sexual behaviour and fire setting. Half the referrals had no formal mental health diagnosis or criminal status. Neurodevelopmental disorders were present in a quarter of referrals. Despite lower numbers of female referrals, the reasons for referral were similar to males. Clinical Implications The service evaluation highlights the changing face of forensic services and the move towards early intervention by pioneering an accessible and flexible model of care.
IP RECEPTOR AGONISM PRESERVES BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND ATTENUATES ALBUMINURIA THROUGH NEPHRIN-DEPENDENT MECHANISMS

Discovery of common pathways that mediate both pancreatic ß-cell function and end-organ function offers the opportunity to develop therapies that modulate glucose homeostasis and separately slow diabetes complications development. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of pharmacological agonism of the prostaglandin I2 (IP) receptor in pancreatic ß-cells and in glomerular podocytes. The IP receptor agonist MRE-269 increased intracellular cAMP, augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and increased viability in MIN6 ß-cells and its pro-drug form, selexipag augmented GSIS and preserved islet ß-cell mass in diabetic mice. Determining that this preservation of ß-cell function is mediated through cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/nephrin-dependent pathways we found that PKA inhibition, nephrin knockdown or targeted mutation of phosphorylated nephrin tyrosine residues 1176 and 1193 abrogated the actions of MRE-269 in MIN6 cells. Because nephrin is important to glomerular permselectivity we next set out to determine whether IP receptor agonism similarly affects nephrin phosphorylation in podocytes. Expression of the IP receptor in podocytes was confirmed in cultured cells (immunoblotting and RTQ-PCR) and in mouse kidneys (immunogold electron microscopy) and its agonism: i) increased cAMP; ii) activated PKA; iii) phosphorylated nephrin; and iv) attenuated albumin transcytosis. Finally, treatment of diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice with selexipag augmented renal nephrin phosphorylation and attenuated albuminuria development independent of glucose-change. Collectively, these observations describe a pharmacological strategy that post-translationally modifies nephrin and the effects of this strategy in the pancreas and in the kidney.
Assessment of Rational Use of Antibiotics: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study among People of Nepal

Introduction : This research was conducted with the objective to accentuate antimicrobial misuse across knowledge, behaviour and practice domains among general people of Nepal. Materials and Methods : It was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted among 385 participants in Nepal from February 2022 to May 2022. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS(R) v21 and MedCalc for Windows v12.3. 0. Modified Blooms cut-off point was utilized to categorize the participants overall knowledge, behaviour, and practice. The chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) using binary logistic regression at 95% CI, and Spearmans rank correlation coefficient test (r) was calculated wherever appropriate. Results: More than three-fifths of the participants (248, 64.42%) demonstrated good behaviour, whereas less than half of the participants showed good knowledge (137, 35.58%) and practice (161, 41.82%) about rational use of antibiotics. Health professionals had higher knowledge (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.70-1.62) and good behaviour (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.27-0.64) than other professions (P-value< 0.05). Those with higher income (>= 50,000 NRs) had good behaviour (OR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.65-6.87) and good practice (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.47-4.50) scores than those with less monthly income (P-value< 0.05). Similarly, higher educational degrees viz., master and/or above had good behaviour (OR: 4.13, 95% CI: 2.62-6.49) and good practice scores (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.68-3.87). Additionally, there were significant positive correlations between knowledge (K), behaviour (B) and practice (P) scores (r = 0.331 for K & B, r = 0.259 for K & P, and r = 0.618 for B & P respectively; P-value< 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings imply the demand of effective legislature, strict enforcement of the drug act and proper implementation of plans and policies to curb the antibiotic misuse. Lack of execution of existing laws and unawareness of the public lead to extravagant use of antibiotics.
Longitudinal decline in striatal dopamine transporter binding in Parkinson’s disease: associations with apathy and anhedonia

Background Motivational symptoms such as apathy and anhedonia are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), respond poorly to treatment, and are hypothesised to share underlying neural mechanisms. Striatal dopaminergic dysfunction is considered central to motivational symptoms in PD but the association has never been examined longitudinally. We investigated whether progression of dopaminergic dysfunction was associated with emergent apathy and anhedonia symptoms in PD. Methods Longitudinal cohort study of 412 newly diagnosed patients with PD followed over 5 years as part of the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort. Apathy and anhedonia were measured using a composite score derived from relevant items of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and part I of the MDS-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Dopaminergic neurodegeneration was measured using repeated striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging. Results Linear mixed-effects modelling across all contemporaneous data points identified a significant negative relationship between striatal DAT specific binding ratio (SBR) and apathy/anhedonia symptoms, which emerged as PD progressed (interaction:β=−0.09, 95% CI (−0.15 to -0.03), p=0.002). Appearance and subsequent worsening of apathy/anhedonia symptoms began on average 2 years after diagnosis and below a threshold striatal DAT SBR level. The interaction between striatal DAT SBR and time was specific to apathy/anhedonia symptoms, with no evidence of a similar interaction for general depressive symptoms from the GDS-15 (excluding apathy/anhedonia items) (β=−0.06, 95% CI (−0.13 to 0.01)) or motor symptoms (β=0.20, 95% CI (−0.25 to 0.65)). Conclusions Our findings support a central role for dopaminergic dysfunction in motivational symptoms in PD. Striatal DAT imaging may be a useful indicator of apathy/anhedonia risk that could inform intervention strategies.
Hands are frequently contaminated with fecal bacteria and enteric pathogens globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Enteric pathogen infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with the highest disease burden in low-income countries. Hands act as intermediaries in enteric pathogen transmission, transferring enteric pathogens between people and the environment through contact with food, water, and soil. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of prevalence and concentrations of fecal indicator microorganisms (i.e., E. coli, fecal coliform) and enteric pathogens on hands. We identified eighty studies, reporting 31,305 observations of hand contamination of people in community or household settings. The studies investigated 45 unique microorganisms, of which the most commonly reported indicators were E. coli and fecal coliforms. Hand contamination with 14 unique enteric pathogens was reported, with adenovirus and rotavirus as the most frequent. Mean E. coli prevalence on hands was 40% [95% CI 18%-62%] and mean fecal coliform prevalence was 42% [95% CI 16%-69%]. Hands were more likely to be contaminated with E. coli in low/lower-middle-income countries (prevalence: 49% [25% - 72%]) than in upper-middle/high-income countries (6% [1% - 12%]). In low/lower-middle income countries, E. coli prevalence was higher in urban compared to rural settings (52% mean prevalence in urban versus 33% in rural), although substantial heterogeneity between studies limited confidence in this finding. The review also highlighted the importance of standardizing hand sampling methods, as hand rinsing was associated with greater fecal contamination compared to other sampling methods.
Effect of Stay-at-Home Orders and Other COVID-Related Policies on Trauma Hospitalization Rates and Disparities in the United States: A Statewide Time-Series Analysis

Background: To combat the coronavirus pandemic, states implemented several public health policies to reduce infection and transmission. Increasing evidence suggests that these prevention strategies also have had a profound impact on non-COVID healthcare utilization. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of a statewide Stay-at-Home and other COVID-related policies on trauma hospitalizations, stratified by race/ethnicity, age, and sex. Methods: We used the North Carolina Trauma Registry, a statewide registry of trauma hospitalizations to 18 hospitals across North Carolina, including all North Carolina trauma centers, to calculate weekly assault, self-inflicted, unintentional motor vehicle collision (MVC), and other unintentional injury hospitalization rates between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. Interrupted time-series design and segmented linear regression were used to estimate changes in hospitalizations rates after several COVID-related executive orders, overall and stratified by race/ethnicity, age, and gender. Hospitalization rates were compared after 1) U.S. declaration of a public health emergency; 2) North Carolina statewide Stay-at-Home order; 3) Stay-at-Home order lifted with restrictions (Phase 2: Safer-at-Home); and 4) further lifting of restrictions (Phase 2.5: Safer-at-Home). Results. There were 70,478 trauma hospitalizations in North Carolina from 2019-2020. In 2020, median age was 53 years old and 59% were male. Assault hospitalization rates (per 1,000,000 NC residents) increased after the Stay-at-Home order, but only among Black/African American residents (incidence rate difference [IRD]=7.9; other racial/ethnic groups IRDs ranged 0.9 to 1.7) and 18-44 year-old males (IRD=11.9; other sex/age groups IRDs ranged -0.5 to 3.6). After major restrictions were lifted, assault rates returned to pre-COVID levels. Unintentional injury hospitalizations decreased after the public health emergency, especially among older adults, but returned to 2019 levels within several months. Conclusions: Statewide Stay-at-Home orders put Black/African American residents at higher risk for assault hospitalizations, exacerbating pre-existing disparities. Fear of COVID-19 may have also led to decreases in unintentional non-MVC hospitalization rates, particularly among older adults. Policy makers must anticipate possible negative effects and develop approaches for mitigating harms that may disproportionately affect already disadvantaged communities.
CMAR_A_261576 10725..10734

*These authors contributed equally to this work Background: RBBP6 is one of the genes identified as a proliferative gene that plays a role in cancer development, On the other hand both RBBP6 and telomerase activity have been shown to be increase in various cancers. E6 protein of HPV and RBBP6 is known to enhance the progression of cancer cells by interacting with p53 and presenting it to be ubiquitinated by the proteasome thereby promoting cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis. Studies also show that HPV E6 protein can increase telomerase activity by activating the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), thus enabling the immortalization of the cells. With RBBP6 and hTERT showing a similar profile in cancer cells, we seek to investigate any possible effect of RBBP6 on telomerase activity. Results: Using real-time qPCR and TRAPeze RT Telomerase detection kit (Merc) respectively. We used cervical cancer cell lines in which CaSki cell showed the reduction of hTERT expression and reduction in telomerase activity significantly in RBBP6-knockdown cells. While no significant changes were observed in HeLa cells. Real-time growth assay revealed a significant drop in cell growth in co-silenced RBBP6 and hTERT cells substantiating our observation that RBBP6 might be playing a role in cell proliferation. Conclusion: Taken all together, the observed effect of RBBP6 gene silencing on telomerase activity in cervical cancer is cell line dependent.
Brief notices/Publications received

origins is given detailed consideration. While Linz regrets that the lack of earlier surveys does not allow him the diachronic comparative perspective of the other chapters, data are always displayed in such a way that responses in the different commu- nities can be compared. Findings consistently highlight the need to distinguish different types of "bilingual communities," as evidenced, for example, by the strikingly different patterns of knowl- edge in Catalonia and Euskadi, and prestige and stigmatization in Catalonia and Galicia, respec-tively. This chapter will provide particularly useful background for those doing more qualitative work on the ethnography of speaking among smaller groups in these communities, as well as data against which hypotheses that have been developing in the sociology of language can be tested.
Results from simulation and laboratory testing of air handling unit and variable air volume box diagnostic tools

Control of building systems is becoming increasingly more intelligent and complex. This development both necessitates the use of automated diagnostics to ensure fault-free operation and enables diagnostic capabilities for the various building systems by providing a distributed platform that is powerful and flexible enough to perform fault detection and diagnostic (FDD). Most of today’s emerging FDD tools are stand-alone software products that do not reside in a building control system. Thus, trend data files must be processed off-line, or an interface to the building control system must be developed to enable on-line analysis. This is a cumbersome process and it does not scale well because all of the data must be obtained at a single point. A better approach would be to develop algorithms that can be embedded in commercial controllers so that the fault detection can be done as close to the source of the fault as possible. Only the result of the analysis needs to be conveyed to an operator or supervisory controller. AHU Performance Assessment Rules (APAR) is a diagnostic tool that uses a set of expert rules derived from mass and energy balances to detect common faults in air-handling units. Control signals are used to determine the mode of operation for the AHU. A subset of the expert rules corresponding to that mode of operation is then evaluated to determine if there is a mechanical fault or a control problem. VAV box Performance Assessment Control Charts (VPACC) is a diagnostic tool that uses a statistical quality control measures to detect faults or control problems in VAV boxes. This report describes the results of a research study to determine the effectiveness of these tools in detecting commonly found mechanical faults and control problems. The research involved a complementary set of laboratory experiments using commercial AHU and VAV box controllers under both normal operating conditions and operation with known faults, computer simulations, and emulations using the NIST Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed (VCBT). The APAR and VPACC tools were both found to be successful at finding a wide variety of faults. It was also found that some faults could not be detected under certain operating conditions because the control system was able to mask the problem or because sensor data needed to detect the fault is not commonly available in commercial systems. Both tools appear to be suitable for embedding in commercial control products.
Underwater Positioning using near Surface Long Baseline Transponder’s Induced by Wave Motion

This paper presents a filter for underwater positioning in an aquaculture environment with demanding weather conditions. The positioning system is based on acoustic transponders mounted at a net pen on the sea surface. The transponders are exposed to oscillations due to wave disturbance. This will have an impact on the accuracy of the positioning system. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) solution has been proposed including a wave motion model integrated with the pseudo-range measurements from the transponders. Simulations show that the proposed filter compensates well for the disturbances.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
A new view of the Cygnus X region - KOSMA $\mathsf{^{13}}$CO 2 $\to$ 1, 3 $\to$ 2, and $\mathsf{^{12}}$CO 3 $\to$ 2 imaging

Context. The Cygnus X region is one of the richest star formation sites in the Galaxy. There is a long-standing discussion about whether the region is a chance superposition of several complexes along the line of sight or a single coherent complex at a distance of 1.5 to 2 kpc. Aims. Combining a 13 CO 2$\;\to\;$1 survey taken with the KOSMA 3 m telescope with mid-IR images from MSX provides a way to improve our understanding of the spatial structure of the complex. The physical properties of the molecular gas can be derived in more detail as it was done in former studies. Methods. Cygnus X has been mapped in 13 CO $J =2\to1$ (10.8 deg 2 ) at an angular resolution of 130 '' , as well as for smaller areas in 12 CO and 13 CO J = 3$\;\to\;$2 (90 '' ), using the KOSMA 3 m submm-telescope. Results. We identified 91 clumps in 13 CO 2$\;\to\;$1 that have a typical excitation temperature of 10-30 K, an average density of $1.3\times10^3$ cm -3 , radii of 1-8 pc, and masses of a few hundred to several ten thousand $M_\odot$. The main cloud complexes, the northern part ($M\simeq2.8\times10^5~ M_\odot$) including DR21 and W75N and the southern region ($M\simeq4.5\times10^5~ M_\odot$) with IC 1318 b/c and AFGL2591, show differences in their physical properties. The 13 CO emission is closely associated with mid-IR emission seen with MSX. We find evidence that Cygnus OB2 and Cygnus OB9 are affecting the molecular material in Cygnus X. Conclusions. Since essentially all molecular cloud complexes in Cygnus X form groups that are connected by molecular emission (visible in channel and position-velocity maps) and partly show evidence of interaction with UV radiation, we conclude that most of the objects seen in this region are located at the same distance, i.e., that of the OB2 cluster at ~1.7 kpc, which is also consistent with the distances of other OB associations (OB9, OB1) in Cygnus X.
Employment barriers and opportunities faced by people with albinism. A case of youths with albinism in Harare, Zimbabwe

Abstract This qualitative study focused on employment barriers and opportunities faced by youths with albinism. Despite extensive legislation outlawing discrimination of persons with disabilities, persons with albinism continue to face employment challenges. The concept of othering informed the study. Forty-five participants were purposively sampled and interviewed using semi-structured interview guides. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings have revealed that biological constraints that characterise persons with albinism negatively impacts on their prospects of getting employed and staying in employment. Furthermore, discrimination against persons with albinism has led to their challenges in penetrating workplace social networks. To overcome employment challenges for persons with albinism, there is a need to capacitate them with adequate gadgets such as spectacles at a tender age. Other stakeholders such as the schools, the corporate world, parents and organisations representing persons with albinism have different roles to play in enhancing employment opportunities for persons with albinism.
Influence of Track Change on the Inconsistent Poleward Migration of Typhoon Activity

Tropical cyclone (TC) lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) positions have been reported to migrate poleward globally during the last several decades. However, during the TC peak season, the trend of TC LMI position over the western North Pacific (WNP) is not as robust as that of genesis position. In this study, we found that the TC track change plays important roles in decreasing the genesis‐to‐LMI latitude distance (G2LD), which therefore leads to the inconsistent long‐term trends of genesis and LMI positions. A statistical approach was applied to quantitatively estimate the contributions by TC track change to the G2LD trend. The results show that the increase of near‐land formed short‐track TCs and the decrease of northwestward moving and eastward posited recurving TCs combined to make the largest contribution to the decreasing trend of the G2LD and thus to the insignificant long‐term trend of LMI position during peak season. Such TC track changes are closely related to the La Niña‐like warming pattern over the Pacific. The northeastward retreatment of the western Pacific subtropical high also plays an important role in reducing the northwestward moving TCs and increasing the recurving TCs over the northwestern WNP. Applying the same statistical approach to TC genesis positions indicates that the decrease of low‐latitude formed TCs makes the largest contribution to the poleward migration of genesis position, and the increase of high‐latitude formed TCs takes the second place. These low‐latitude formed TCs are mainly featured by northwestward moving and recurving tracks.
Mulching improved soil fertility, plant growth and productivity, and postharvest deficit irrigation reduced water use in sweet cherry orchards in a semi-arid region

ABSTRACT In the Okanagan Valley, sweet cherry production has expanded to higher latitudes due to climate change, but the availability of irrigation water is limited in this semi-arid region. Postharvest deficit irrigation (PDI) and organic mulches can reduce water use in orchards, but their interactive effects on soil fertility, water relations, and crop performance in new orchard environments are unknown. In a randomized block split-plot design, full irrigation (100%) or PDI (72–76% of full irrigation) was applied to the main plots, and mulches (compost, woodchips, bare) were subplots at three sites. Compost increased soil organic matter, nutrients, pH, and electrical conductivity over three seasons at all sites. Woodchips increased tree growth and foliar P and Mn, while compost increased some fruit quality attributes, and foliar P compared to bare soil. Relative to full, PDI saved 24–28% irrigation water after harvest per season at each site without affecting soil moisture and chemical properties, stem water potential, or crop performance, or interacting with mulch effects. These results suggest that in this semi-arid cherry growing region mulches are a promising strategy to maintain soil moisture and improve soil fertility and crop performance, and PDI can reduce water use after harvest without affecting commercial production.
Notes on Conformal Perturbation of Heat Kernels

Let (M,g) be a smooth n-dimensional Riemannian manifold for n ≥ 3. Consider the conformal perturbation g̃ = hg where h is a smooth bounded positive function on M . Denote by ∆̃ the Laplace-Beltrami operator of manifold (M, g̃). In this paper, we derive the upper bounds of the heat kernels for (−∆̃)σ with 0 < σ ≤ 1. Moreover, we also investigate the gradient estimates of the heat kernel for ∆̃.