Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intratumoural Treatment of 18 Cytologically Diagnosed Canine High-Grade Mast Cell Tumours With Tigilanol Tiglate

Canine high-grade mast cell tumours (HGMCT) are associated with a poor prognosis, are inherently more invasive, and have higher rates of local recurrence. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of intratumoural tigilanol tiglate (TT) as a local treatment option. Eighteen dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) cytologically diagnosed by veterinary pathologists as either high-grade or suspected high-grade MCT were treated with TT. The TT dose was based on tumour volume (0.5 mg TT/cm3 tumour volume) and delivered intratumourally using a Luer lock syringe and a fanning technique to maximise distribution throughout the tumour mass. Efficacy was assessed on the presence/absence of a complete response (CR) to therapy at days 28 and 84 using response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST). For dogs not achieving a CR after 28 days, the protocol was repeated with a second intratumoural TT injection. Ten out of 18 dogs (56%) in this study achieved and maintained a CR to at least 84 days after their first or second treatment. Six patients were alive and available for evaluation at 2 years, three of those were recurrence free, and a further three patients were recurrence free following a second treatment cycle. Tigilanol tiglate shows efficacy for local treatment of HGMCT, with higher efficacy noted with a second injection if a CR was not achieved following the first treatment. In the event of treatment site recurrence (TSR), the tumour may be controlled with additional treatment cycles. Tigilanol tiglate provides an alternative local treatment approach to dogs with HGMCT that would either pose an unacceptable anaesthetic risk or the tumour location provides a challenge when attempting surgical excision.
Does learning to read change the perception of speech? Evidence from perceptual recalibration of speech sounds in adult illiterates, semi-literates, and literates of Tamil

How do different levels of representation interact in the mind? Key evidence for answering this question comes from experimental work that investigates the influence of knowledge of written language on spoken language processing. Here we tested whether learning orthographic representations (through reading) influences pre-lexical phonological representations in spoken-word recognition using a perceptual learning paradigm. Perceptual learning is well suited to reveal differences in pre-lexical representations that might be caused by learning to read because it requires the functional use of pre-lexical representations in order to generalize a learning experience. In a large-scale behavioural study in Chennai, India, 97 native speakers of Tamil with varying reading experience (from completely illiterate to highly literate) participated. In marked contrast to their performance in other cognitive tasks, even completely illiterate participants showed a perceptual learning effect that was not moderated by reading experience. This finding suggests that pre-lexical phonological representations are not substantially changed by learning to read and thus poses important constraints for the debate about the degree of interactivity between different levels of representations during human information processing.
Potential Link between T102C Polymorphism in the Serotonin Receptors (5-HT2A) Gene and Treatment Response of Risperidone on Schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia affects 1% of population and its molecular etiology remains enigmatic despite enormous study. Approximately one-third of patients failed to respond with treatment. The 5-HT2A receptor appears to be one of important site of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. It also has been suggested that the T102C gene polymorphism alters promoter activity and expression of 5-HT2A receptors and might be responsible for the associations with the efficacy of typical antipsychotics. AIM: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential link between T102C polymorphism in the Serotonin Receptors (5-HT2A) and their response to risperidone. METHODS: We studied 100 schizophrenia patients and 100 healthy volunteers as a comparison of 5-HT2A receptors gene polymorphism distribution, which were all Indonesian. The peripheral blood samples were obtained from all participants. The patients assessed by Positive and Negative Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) when admitted to the hospital. Clinical improvements then assessed 5 times in 4 weeks (when transferred to sub-acute ward, at the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, and the 4th week). To analyze the T102C polymorphism of 5-HT2A receptor gene, we used an allele specific polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS: In this study, there were three various polymorphisms of T102C in the serotonin receptor (5-HT2A) gene: T/T, C/C, and T/C. The patients who had homozygous for T/T genotypes were found to give better improvement to risperidone than the patients who were C/C and T/C genotypes (P:0.001). Moreover, the patients with C allele genotype T/C and C/C had minimal response (P:0.001). We found no significant difference distribution of genotypes between schizophrenia patients and healthy volunteers (P:0.498). CONCLUSION: Our result supported that there was a potential link between T102C polymorphism in the serotonin receptor (5-HT2A) gene and treatment response of risperidone. It suggested the importance of genetic screening such as examination of the Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2A (T102C) gene polymorphism to be performed to optimize therapeutic strategies with antipsychotic. Edited by: Branislav Filipović Citation: Syamsuddin S, Yuniasari AF, Idrus F, Lisal ST. Potential Link between T102C Polymorphism in the Serotonin Receptors (5-HT2A) Gene and Treatment Response of Risperidone on Schizophrenia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021 Jul 13; 9T3:288-293. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021. 6343
Extra and intracellular laccase titers of xylophagic bacteria isolated from adult termite

Laccase is an important enzyme in terms of its versatile applicability, but its commercial use is limited by factors such as high production cost, low activity and/or stability under given conditions. The objective of this study was to screen xylophagic bacteria isolated from termites for the production of extracellular and intracellular laccases. Six laccase-positive strains were isolated, namely CA, A3, A5, A6, A7 and A8. They were molecularly identified by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and classified under the genera Bacillus (A7, A8, CA) and Pseudomonas (A3, A5, A6). Laccase was produced by these bacterial isolates by submerged fermentation and was optimized at 37°C, pH 5.5, 6.2 and 7.0, with agitation and 0.5 mM guaiacol (as carbon source). Laccase activity was determined by measuring the oxidation of guaiacol and ABTS (2,2-azino bis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate]). Strain A5 produced extracellular laccase titers ranging from 123 to 168 U ml. Guaiacol was identified as a better substrate for the quantification of laccase. In conclusion, bacteria harboring the gut of termites can produce extracellular laccase with activity at medium to moderate acidity.
Character Education: Analysis of Self-Regulated Learning on Systems Online Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The temporary closure of all educational institutions as an effort to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak worldwide has an impact on millions of students, including in Indonesia. The distance learning process (Online) is a learning solution during the pandemic which in its implementation has not been optimal as a whole. This adds to the obstacles in the application of learning methods because on one occasion there are too many learning loads that must be overcome by the teaching staff. This Writing Method Using descriptive. The main source of self-regulated formation is internal, meaning that it depends on the individual's actions, not on what other people do self-regulated formation is also inseparable from external factors, namely the environment. One study found that people with low self-regulation often experience negative emotions from people with high self-esteem. This can be interpreted that individuals will try to find symbols that can provide positive experiences and acceptance of a good environment. Online learning uses materials and timescales that are following the curriculum. The online learning method is here to change the conventional teaching style which can later improve work professionalism. Self-Regulation is a major influence on the formation of the character of students so that in achieving the formation of student character it is necessary to have Self-Regulated oriented learning. Character education during the pandemic is very different from its application in the conventional period because all learning is all digital (Online), therefore it is very difficult for students and lecturers to organize self-regulated learning processes. Character education is hampered by its value because student self-regulation is not organized, and affects student learning outcomes.
Mythical narratives in digital games and the digital apocalypse

ABSTRACT Digital games propagate mythical stories and revitalize medieval legends. Amplification of gothic elements in contemporary media and in digital games reflects an ideological and aesthetic transformation of cultural products in contemporary society. This essay discusses distinctiveness in game narratives by citing diverse theories, including semiotics and theories of psychoanalysis, as well as mythology and theology. Game narratives tend to deconstruct the conventional timeframes of chronological order seen in the narratives of traditional literature. Contrary to the formulaic structure of mythology described by Joseph Campbell, digital games introduce a new dimension of time in narratives akin to biblical apocalypse. Digital games deploy synchronic time, exclusively in the form of the present tense, which Tillich identifies as relating to kairos contingent on Heidegger’s notion of time. At their forefront, digital games visualize elements of literary stories as a result of deploying synchronic time in reimagined narratives. While digital games attract users via this new concept of transformative time and their visual embellishment of mysticism, innovative narratives in digital games function as a new means of ideology, resonating with the social psychology of users under the challenges of the contemporary world.
Using a News Article to Convey Climate Science Consensus Information

The current study investigates how people respond to a climate science consensus statement embedded within a news article. Participants (N = 1,048) were randomly assigned to read a news article about climate change, read the same article with a scientific consensus message included, read a simple consensus statement, or a control condition. Participants in consensus conditions had increased perceptions of scientific agreement compared with those who did not receive consensus information. Moreover, the article was similarly effective as an overt consensus statement. However, neither consensus statement affected other climate change attitudes, suggesting the effect may be limited to consensus perceptions.
Effect of microhabitats, mesohabitats and spatial position on macroinvertebrate communities of a braided river

Abstract Habitat modelling aims to predict changes in the structure of aquatic communities as a function of habitat availability. It is a primary tool to inform management actions and to search for the best compromise between biodiversity conservation and water supply. The construction of these models requires in-depth knowledge about the main hydrological and geomorphological drivers that affect local communities. However, these drivers act at different spatial scales and determining which investigation scale is the best trade-off between model accuracy and model transferability is crucial. The present work aims to evaluate the mesoscale for habitat modelling of aquatic macroinvertebrates, by testing the effect of microhabitat (flow velocity, water depth, substrate), mesohabitat (riffles, glides, backwaters, isolated ponds) and spatial position (coordinates and derived spatial variables) on macroinvertebrate community variability. Multivariate spatial analyses were used to analyse the macroinvertebrate data collected in a braided reach of the Trebbia River (N Italy). Mesohabitat was a good predictor of macroinvertebrate community composition, although both microhabitat and space also showed a significant effect. The outcome of this work highlights the transferability of the results across mesohabitats, which supports the use of mesoscale modelling for macroinvertebrate distribution in braided rivers.
Morphological and molecular characters of Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868) from Sermo Reservoir and Tambakboyo Retention Basin, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The Australian red claw freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus is one of the most widely distributed and cultivated freshwater crayfish due to its high tolerance towards various environmental conditions. Native to North Australia and South Papua New Guinea, this crayfish was found in Tambakboyo Retention Basin in 2016 and Sermo Reservoir in 2019. This research was aimed to identify the morphological and molecular characters of C. quadricarinatus collected from Sermo Reservoir and Tambakboyo Retention Basin, Yogyakarta. The genetic information of the samples was compared to Australian red claw freshwater crayfish currently available. The methodology used for this research are morphological, morphometrical, meristic identification, and molecular identification using the PCR method. The primer used to be 1471 primers as the forward primer and 1472 primers as the reverse primer. In conclusion, all six specimens obtained were identified to be C. quadricarinatus. Morphological analysis using UPGMA showed that all specimens were formed one big cluster and has the highest similarity index (1.00). Molecular analysis using BLAST showed that specimen from Sermo Reservoir was 98.96% identical to C. quadricarinatus and specimen from Tambakboyo Retention Basin was 100% identical to C. quadricarinatus. Thus concluding that based on their morphological and molecular character, all samples of this study were C. quadricarinatus. This finding also contributes to the distribution information of C. quadricarinatus in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Reliability and concurrent validity of Iphone®level application for measuring lower limb active flexion and extension range of motions in physical education students

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Reliability and concurrent validity of Iphone® level application for measuring lower limb active flexion and extension range of motions in physical education students Izzet Kirkaya1ACDE, Celil Kaçoğlu2ABCDE, Beyza Şenol3ABDE 1Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Coaching Education, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey 2Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Coaching Education, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey 3Trakya University, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Institute of Health Sciences, Edirne, Turkey
An evaluation of the cooling effect efficiency of the oasis structure in a Saharan town through remotely sensed data

Abstract This paper reports a study of how vegetation affects the formation of an Oasis Cool Island (OCI) in a dry climate, and aims to quantify the effectiveness of the oasis structure on the cooling effect by a comparative analysis of two oasis models: traditional oasis and modern oasis. The Landsat8 data of the hottest summer day was required, treated and analysed. In addition, all palm groves were classed and mapped using the ArcGIS 10.2 platform. Our results show that the traditional oasis has the lowest values of Land Surface Temperature (LST) which generates a strong cooling intensity (OCI = −7.95 °C). Furthermore, the study suggests that Planting Density (PD) is a determining factor of OCI rather than the size of vegetation cover. Thus, the study provides information for urban planners seeking to create a favourable microclimate through vegetation management.
Cross-Frequency Slow Oscillation–Spindle Coupling in a Biophysically Realistic Thalamocortical Neural Mass Model

Sleep manifests itself by the spontaneous emergence of characteristic oscillatory rhythms, which often timelock and are implicated in the memory formation. Here, we analyze a neural mass model of the thalamocortical loop of which the cortical node can generate slow oscillations (approx. 1 Hz) while its thalamic component can generate fast sleep spindles of σ-band activity (12–15 Hz). We study the dynamics for different coupling strengths between the thalamic and cortical nodes, for different conductance values of the thalamic node’s potassium leak and anomalous rectifying currents, and for different parameter regimes of the cortical node. The latter are: (1) a low activity (DOWN) state with noise-induced, transient excursions into a high activity (UP) state, (2) an adaptation induced slow oscillation limit cycle with alternating UP and DOWN states, and (3) a high activity (UP) state with noise-induced, transient excursions into the low activity (DOWN) state. During UP states, thalamic spindling is abolished or reduced. During DOWN states, the thalamic node generates sleep spindles, which in turn can cause DOWN to UP transitions in the cortical node. Consequently, this leads to spindle-induced UP state transitions in parameter regime (1), thalamic spindles induced in some but not all DOWN states in regime (2), and thalamic spindles following UP to DOWN transitions in regime (3). The spindle-induced σ-band activity in the cortical node, however, is typically strongest during the UP state, which follows a DOWN state “window of opportunity” for spindling. When the cortical node is parametrized in regime (3), the model well explains the interactions between slow oscillations and sleep spindles observed experimentally during Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep. The model is computationally efficient and can be integrated into large-scale modeling frameworks to study spatial aspects like sleep wave propagation.
Negative and positive aspects of the presence of Canadian goldenrod in the environment

Abstract Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) is classified as an invasive plant species in many Eurasian countries. The species shows a great ability to environmentally spread in a variety of habitats, anthropogenic ones included. Based on the literature data, the paper discusses the negative effects of the presence of S. canadensis in the environment, including the reduction of biodiversity in plants and some species of insects and insectivorous birds. The occurrence of goldenrod clusters also contributes to soil degradation. Positive aspects related to the presence of S. canadensis are also discussed in the paper. Goldenrod can be used in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and as an energy plant. Its extracts are effective in controlling the bloom of some algae in water reservoirs and in fighting fungal and bacterial diseases in plants. Goldenrod inflorescences’ abounding nectar allows for the efficient harvesting of honey. Both the inflorescences and the leaves of the plant are a valuable herbal raw material with a wide spectrum of activity, including its impact on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. For these reasons, goldenrod deserves special attention in environmental research.
A unique Toxoplasma gondii haplotype under strong selection has accompanied domestic cats in their global expansion

Toxoplasma gondii is a cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite of virtually all warm-blooded species, with all true cats (Felidae) as definitive hosts. It is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a disease causing substantial public health burden worldwide. Its wide range of host species and its global occurrence probably complicate the study of its evolutionary history, and conflicting scenarios have been proposed to explain its current global distribution. In this study, we analyse a global set of 156 genomes (including 105 new genomes) and we provide the first direct estimate of T. gondii mutation rate and the first estimate of its generation time. We elucidate how the evolution of T. gondii populations is intimately linked to the major events that have punctuated the recent history of cats. We show that a unique haplotype —whose length represents only 0.16% of the whole T. gondii genome— is common to all domestic T. gondii strains worldwide and has accompanied wild cats (Felis silvestris) during their emergence from the wild to domestic settlements, their dispersal in the Old World and their recent expansion to the Americas in the last six centuries. By combining environmental and functional data to selection inference tools, we show that selection of this domestic haplotype is most parsimoniously explained by its role in initiation of sexual reproduction of T. gondii in domestic cats.
Vasopressin but Not Oxytocin Responds to Birth Stress in Infants

Context Birth triggers a large fetal neuroendocrine response, which is more pronounced in infants born vaginally than in those born by elective cesarean section (ECS). The two related peptides arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) play an essential role in peripheral and central stress adaptation and have a shared receptor mediating their function. Elevated cord blood levels of AVP and its surrogate marker copeptin, the C-terminal part of AVP prohormone, have been found after vaginal delivery (VD) as compared to ECS, while release of OT in response to birth is controversial. Moreover, AVP, copeptin and OT have not yet been measured simultaneously at birth. Objective To test the hypothesis that AVP but not OT levels are increased in infants arterial umbilical cord blood in response to birth stress and to characterize AVP secretion in direct comparison with plasma copeptin. Methods In a prospective single-center cross-sectional study, we recruited healthy women with a singleton pregnancy and more than 36 completed weeks of gestation delivering via VD or ECS (cesarean without prior uterine contractions or rupture of membranes). Arterial umbilical cord blood samples were collected directly after birth, centrifuged immediately and plasma samples were frozen. Concentrations of AVP and OT were determined by radioimmunoassay and that of copeptin by ultrasensitive immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 53 arterial umbilical cord blood samples were collected, n = 29 from VD and n = 24 from ECS. Ten venous blood samples from pregnant women without stress were collected as controls. AVP and copeptin concentrations were significantly higher in the VD group than in the ECS group (both p < 0.001), median (range) AVP 4.78 (2.38–8.66) vs. 2.38 (1.79–3.88) (pmol/L), copeptin 1692 (72.1–4094) vs. 5.78 (3.14–17.97), respectively, (pmol/L). In contrast, there was no difference in OT concentrations (pmol/L) between VD and ECS, 6.00 (2.71–7.69) vs. 6.14 (4.26–9.93), respectively. AVP and copeptin concentrations were closely related (Rs = 0.700, p < 0.001) while OT did not show any correlation to either AVP or copeptin. In linear regression models, vaginal delivery and biochemical stress indicators, base deficit and pH, were independent predictors for both AVP and copeptin. OT was not linked to base deficit or pH. Conclusion Vaginal birth causes a profound secretion of AVP and copeptin in infants. Whereas AVP indicates acute stress events, copeptin provides information on cumulative stress events over a longer period. In contrast, fetal OT is unaffected by birth stress. Thus, AVP signaling but not OT mediates birth stress response in infants. This unique hormonal activation in early life may impact neurobehavioral development in whole life.