Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Evidence and Theories in Understanding the Relationship between Cognition and Depression in Childhood and Adolescence: A Narrative Review

The present narrative review has covered the current evidence regarding the role of cognitive impairments during the early phase of major depressive disorder (MDD), attempting to describe the cognitive features in childhood, adolescence and in at-risk individuals. These issues were analyzed considering the trait, scar and state hypotheses of MDD by examining the cold and hot dimensions, the latter explained in relation to the current psychological theoretical models of MDD. This search was performed on several electronic databases up to August 2022. Although the present review is the first to have analyzed both cold and hot cognitive impairments considering the trait, scar and state hypotheses, we found that current evidence did not allow to exclusively confirm the validity of one specific hypothesis since several equivocal and discordant results have been proposed in childhood and adolescence samples. Further studies are needed to better characterize possible cognitive dysfunctions assessing more systematically the impairments of cold, hot and social cognition domains and their possible interaction in a developmental perspective. An increased knowledge on these topics will improve the definition of clinical endophenotypes of enhanced risk to progression to MDD and, to hypothesize preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce negative influences on psychosocial functioning and well-being.
Mapping and Monitoring Forest Plantations in São Paulo State, Southeast Brazil, Using Fraction Images Derived from Multiannual Landsat Sensor Images

This article presents a method, based on orbital remote sensing, to map the extent of forest plantations in São Paulo State (Southeast Brazil). The proposed method uses the random forest machine learning algorithm available on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. We used 30 m annual mosaics derived from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images and from Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images for the 1985 to 1995 and 2013 to 2021 time periods, respectively. These time periods were selected based on the planted areas’ rotation, especially the eucalypt’s short rotation. To classify the forest plantations, green, red, NIR, and MIR spectral bands, NDVI, GNDVI, NDWI, and NBR spectral indices, and vegetation, shade, and soil fractions were used for both sensors. These indices and the fraction images have the advantage of reducing the volume of data to be analyzed and highlighting the forest plantations’ characteristics. In addition, we also generated one mosaic for each fraction image for the TM and OLI datasets by computing the maximum value through the period analyzed, facilitating the classification of areas occupied by forest plantations in the study area. The proposed method allowed us to classify the areas occupied by two forest plantation classes: eucalypt and pine. The results of the proposed method compared with the forest plantation areas extracted from the land use and land cover maps, provided by the MapBiomas product, presented the Kappa values of 0.54 and 0.69 for 1995 and 2020, respectively. In addition, two pilot areas were used to evaluate the classification maps and to monitor the phenological stages of eucalypt and pine plantations, showing the rotation cycle of these plantations. The results are very useful for planning and managing planted forests by commercial companies and can contribute to developing an automatic method to map forest plantations on regional and global scales.
Metal-insulator transition of VO2 thin films grown on TiO2 (001) and (110) substrates

The effect of uniaxial stress along the c axis on the metal–insulator transition of VO2 has been studied in the form of epitaxial thin films grown on TiO2 (001) and (110) substrates. A large reduction in the transition temperature TMI from 341 K for a single crystal to 300 K has been observed in the film on TiO2 (001) where the c-axis length is compressed owing to an epitaxial stress, while the TMI has been increased to 369 K in the film on TiO2 (110) where the c-axis length is expanded. The correlation between the c-axis length and TMI is suggested: the shorter c-axis length results in the lower TMI.
Curved differential graded algebras and corings

A relationship between curved differential algebras and corings is established and explored. In particular it is shown that the category of semi-free curved differential graded algebras is equivalent to the category of corings with surjective counits. Under this equivalence, comodules over a coring correspond to integrable connections or quasi-cohesive curved modules, while contramodules over a coring correspond to a specific class of curved modules introduced and termed Z-divergences in here.
The TOP-SCOPE Survey of PGCCs: PMO and SCUBA-2 Observations of 64 PGCCs in the Second Galactic Quadrant

In order to understand the initial conditions and early evolution of star formation in a wide range of Galactic environments, we carried out an investigation of 64 Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) in the second quadrant of the Milky Way. Using the 13CO and C18O J = 1–0 lines and 850 μm continuum observations, we investigated cloud fragmentation and evolution associated with star formation. We extracted 468 clumps and 117 cores from the 13CO line and 850 μm continuum maps, respectively. We made use of the Bayesian distance calculator and derived the distances of all 64 PGCCs. We found that in general, the mass–size plane follows a relation of m ∼ r1.67. At a given scale, the masses of our objects are around 1/10 of that of typical Galactic massive star-forming regions. Analysis of the clump and core masses, virial parameters, densities, and mass–size relation suggests that the PGCCs in our sample have a low core formation efficiency (∼3.0%), and most PGCCs are likely low-mass star-forming candidates. Statistical study indicates that the 850 μm cores are more turbulent, more optically thick, and denser than the 13CO clumps for star formation candidates, suggesting that the 850 μm cores are likely more appropriate future star formation candidates than the 13CO clumps.
Morphology of prestellar cores in pressure-confined filaments

Observations of prestellar cores in star-forming filaments show two distinct morphologies. While molecular line measurements often show broad cores, submillimetre continuum observations predominantly display pinched cores compared to the bulk of the filament gas. In order to explain how different morphologies arise, we use the gravitational instability model where prestellar cores form by growing density perturbations. The radial extent at each position is set by the local line mass. We show that the ratio of core radius to filament radius is determined by the initial line mass of the filament. Additionally, the core morphology is independent of perturbation length-scale and inclination, which makes it an ideal diagnostic for observations. Filaments with a line mass of less than half its critical value should form broad cores, whereas filaments with more than half its critical line-mass value should form pinched cores. For filaments embedded in a constant background pressure, the dominant perturbation growth times significantly differ for low and high line-mass filaments. Therefore, we predict that only one population of cores is present if all filaments within a region begin with similar initial perturbations.
Introduction to the Relativistic String Theory

This book presents a systematic and detailed account of the classical and quantum theory of the relativistic string and some of its modifications. Main attention is paid to the first-quantized string theory with possible applications to the string models of hadrons as well as to the superstring approach to unifications of all the fundamental interactions in the elementary particle physics and to the “cosmic” strings. Some new aspects are provided such as the consideration of the string in an external electromagnetic field and in the space-time of constant curvature (the de Sitter universe), the relativistic string loaded by point-like masses and the Cartan method for describing the classical string dynamics. The relativistic membranes and p-branes are also considered briefly. The book is sufficiently self-contained and can be considered as an introduction to this new and fast developing branch of the elementary particle physics.
Utility of modified Mann assessment of swallowing ability (MMASA) in predicting aspiration risk and safe swallow in stroke patients

Introduction: Aspiration pneumonia is one of the commonest causes of post-stroke mortality. We may be able to reduce this morbidity and mortality by assessing the risk of aspiration in stroke patients. Assessment of this risk can be done using a physician-administered screening protocol to assess dysphagia. A score of ≥95 is a good cut off to detect patients who can take oral feeds safely. Objectives: The primary objective was to predict aspiration risk using the Modified Mann Assessment Swallowing Ability (mMASA) scale. The secondary objective was to predict the safety of oral feeds using the same scale. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care rehabilitation centre in South India. A total of 100 stroke patients who underwent stroke rehabilitation in the study institution were divided into patients who were able to eat orally or not based on the mMASA scale. Demographic and stroke characteristics were recorded. The mMASA score was calculated and those with a score of ≥95 were given oral feeds. Those who scored <95 were given swallow therapy and re-evaluated in 2 weeks. Also, the mMASA score below which the patient was likely to develop aspiration pneumonia was detected using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: Out of the 100 patients, 37 patients had a score of ≥95 and were started on oral feeds and had no complications; the rest were started on 2 weeks of swallow therapy. On re-evaluation after swallow therapy, 12 more were started on oral feeds. The remaining 51 patients did not reach the cut-off score of ≥95 and were continued on nasogastric tube feeding. A total of 11 patients developed features of aspiration pneumonia; all of them belonged to the group of 51 patients who consistently had a mMASA score <95. The ROC curve determined that a score of <89 was a good cut off to predict patients who are at high risk of aspiration. Conclusion: The scale can be used to predict the likelihood of aspiration and readiness to start oral feeds in sub-acute stroke patients.
ALMA observations of a metal-rich damped Ly α absorber at z = 2.5832: evidence for strong galactic winds in a galaxy group

We report on the results of a search for CO(3-2) emission from the galaxy counterpart of a high-metallicity Damped Ly-alpha Absorber (DLA) at z=2.5832 towards the quasar Q0918+1636. We do not detect CO emission from the previously identified DLA galaxy counterpart. The limit we infer on M_gas / M_star is in the low end of the range found for DLA galaxies, but is still consistent with what is found for other star-forming galaxies at similar redshifts. Instead we detect CO(3-2) emission from another intensely star-forming galaxy at an impact parameter of 117 kpc from the line-of-sight to the quasar and 131 km s^-1 redshifted relative to the velocity centroid of the DLA in the quasar spectrum. In the velocity profile of the low- and high-ionisation absorption lines of the DLA there is an absorption component consistent with the redshift of this CO-emitting galaxy. It is plausible that this component is physically associated with a strong outflow in the plane of the sky from the CO-emitting galaxy. If true, this would be further evidence, in addition to what is already known from studies of Lyman-break galaxies, that galactic outflows can be traced beyond 100 kpc from star-forming galaxies. The case of this z=2.583 structure is an illustration of this in a group environment.
Identification of a Maturation Plasma Cell Index through a Highly Sensitive Droplet Digital PCR Assay Gene Expression Signature Validation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients

DNA microarrays and RNA-based sequencing approaches are considered important discovery tools in clinical medicine. However, cross-platform reproducibility studies undertaken so far have highlighted that microarrays are not able to accurately measure gene expression, particularly when they are expressed at low levels. Here, we consider the employment of a digital PCR assay (ddPCR) to validate a gene signature previously identified by gene expression profile. This signature included ten Hedgehog (HH) pathways’ genes able to stratify multiple myeloma (MM) patients according to their self-renewal status. Results show that the designed assay is able to validate gene expression data, both in a retrospective as well as in a prospective cohort. In addition, the plasma cells’ differentiation status determined by ddPCR was further confirmed by other techniques, such as flow cytometry, allowing the identification of patients with immature plasma cells’ phenotype (i.e., expressing CD19+/CD81+ markers) upregulating HH genes, as compared to others, whose plasma cells lose the expression of these markers and were more differentiated. To our knowledge, this is the first technical report of gene expression data validation by ddPCR instead of classical qPCR. This approach permitted the identification of a Maturation Index through the integration of molecular and phenotypic data, able to possibly define upfront the differentiation status of MM patients that would be clinically relevant in the future.
Ofloxacin Removal from Aqueous Media by Means of Magnetoactive Electrospun Fibrous Adsorbents

Functionalized electrospun polymer microfibrous membranes were fabricated by electrospinning and further surface-functionalized with magnetic iron oxide (FexOy) nanoparticles to yield magnetoactive nanocomposite fibrous adsorbents. The latter were characterized in respect to their morphology, mechanical properties and magnetic properties while they were further evaluated as substrates for removing Ofloxacin (OFL) from synthetic aqueous media and secondary urban wastewater (UWW) under varying physicochemical parameters, including the concentration of the pharmaceutical pollutant, the solution pH and the membranes’ magnetic content. The magnetic-functionalized fibrous adsorbents demonstrated significantly enhanced adsorption efficacy in comparison to their non-functionalized fibrous analogues while their magnetic properties enabled their magnetic recovery and regeneration.
Epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of pityriasis versicolor: Results of a study from a teaching hospital in rural part of Northern India

Background and Objectives: Pityriasis versicolor is a common fungal infection of the skin which leads to the formation of scaly and discoloured small lesions on skin. The main objective of this study is to describe clinical and mycological characteristics and the predisposing factors in patients with pityriasis versicolor. Material and Methods: In this prospective, observational, hospital-based cross-sectional study, patients of all ages with clinically suspected lesions of pityriasis versicolor were included. After detailed history and thorough clinical examination, skin scrapings were examined with 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) under light microscope. The scrapings were also subjected to culture examination. Results: A total of 113 patients [78 (69.0%) male; 35 (31%) female] were included in the study. A total of 87 (76.9%) patients were from rural area. Outdoor occupation and positive family history of pityriasis versicolor was present in 65 (57.5%) and 38 (33.6%) patients, respectively. Recurrent episodes were reported by 66 (60%) patients. Excessive sweating and oily skin were seen in 36 (31.8%) and 24 (21.1%) patients, respectively. History of occlusive clothing was present in 22 (19.4%) patients. Chest, back, and shoulders were affected in 36 (31.8%), 22 (19.4%), and 08 (07.0%) patients, respectively. Hypopigmented lesions were seen in 97 (85.8%) patients. Patches and macules were observed in 60 (53.1%) and 53 (46.9%) patients, respectively. A total of 27 (23.8%) patients reported mild prutitus. A total of 79 (69.9%) patients were KOH positive and culture negative, whereas 26 (23.0%) patients were KOH as well as culture positive. Eight (7.0%) patients were both KOH and culture negative. Conclusion: Pytiriasis versicolor is more common in young adults and males with the most common presentation of hypopigmentation lesions. In our study population, presentation with large patches was more common than macular lesions. Pruritus was more in patients with large patches than those with macules.
Response of wheat to potassium and its fractions in Punjab soils

A pot experiment was conducted at screen house of Department of Soil Science, PAU, Ludhiana during rabi 2017-18 to evaluate the response of wheat to applied potassium. Twelve soil samples were taken from all over Punjab varying in available K. Potassium was applied @ 0, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kg K/ha soil. The mean grain yield varied from 12.39 to 20.13 g/pot in K sufficient soils (>137 kg K/ha) and 8.43 to 12.09 g/pot in K deficient soils (<137 kg K/ ha). Increase in grain yield was significant up to 25 kg K/ha in K sufficient soils, however in K deficient soils, wheat responded up to 30 kg K/ha. Application of 30 kg K/ha resulted in significant increase in content of K fractions (water soluble K (WSK), exchangeable K (EXK) and non exchangeable K (NEK) as compared to control in both K sufficient and deficient soils. WSK showed significant and positive correlation with EXK (0.964*) and NEK (0.872*) indicating dynamic equilibrium between these forms of K. About 70.5 and 93.4% variation in grain yield of wheat was due to the combined influence of WSK and EXK in K sufficient and deficient soils, respectively. NEK accounted for only 0.9 and 5.2% variation in grain yield in K sufficient and deficient soils, respectively. Hence, contribution of NEK towards wheat yield in K deficient soils was higher as compared to K sufficient soils. Therefore, K deficient soils are more responsive to potassium application as compared to K sufficient soils.
Treatment Assessment of pNET and NELM after Everolimus by Quantitative MRI Parameters

Assessment of treatment response to targeted therapies such as everolimus is difficult, especially in slow-growing tumors such as NETs. In this retrospective study, 17 patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) and hepatic metastases (NELMs) (42 target lesions) who received everolimus were analyzed. Intralesional signal intensities (SI) of non-contrast T1w, T2w and DCE imaging, and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCmean and ADCmin) of DWI, were measured on baseline and first follow-up MRI after everolimus initiation. Response assessment was categorized according to progression-free survival (PFS), with responders (R) showing a PFS of ≥11 months. ADCmin of NELMs decreased in Rs whereas it increased in non-responders (NR). Percentual changes of ADCmin and ADCmean differed significantly between response groups (p < 0.03). By contrast, ADC of the pNETs tended to increase in Rs, while there was no change in NRs. Tumor-to-liver (T/L) ratio of T1 SI of NELMs increased in Rs and decreased in NRs, and percentual changes differed significantly between response groups (p < 0.02). T1 SI of the pNETs tended to decrease in Rs and increase in Ns. The quotient of pretherapeutic and posttherapeutic ADCmin values (DADCmin) and length of everolimus treatment showed significant association with PFS in univariable Cox analysis. In conclusion, quantitative MRI, especially DWI, seems to allow treatment assessment of pNETs with NELMs under everolimus. Interestingly, the responding NELMs showed decreasing ADC values, and there might be an opposite effect on ADC and T1 SI between NELMs and pNETs.
The Rokhlin property, Cuntz semigroup constrains, and equivariant UHF-absorption

We classify equivariant *-homomorphisms between C*-dynamical systems associated to actions of finite groups on C*-algebras with the Rokhlin property. In addition, the given actions are classified. An obstruction is obtained for the Cuntz semigroup of a C*-algebra allowing such an action. We also obtain an equivariant UHF-absorption result.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Thermal conductivity of solids and liquids under pressure

Thermal conductivity of solids and liquids under pressure is covered in this review. Experimental techniques are critically considered and compared, and an introduction to theory is provided. Results are presented and discussed for ionic crystals, normal molecular crystals, plastic crystal phases, clathrate hydrates, polymers and glass-formers, liquids, covalent and semiconducting crystals, rocks and metals. Special attention is given to isochoric conditions, change of crystal structure and molecular orientational disorder. Available reliable measurements at pressures up to a few GPa indicate the need for theoretical development, especially in connection with molecular crystals and ferromagnetic metals.
Cost of arthropathic diseases therapy with biologicals disease modifying drugs (bDMARs): a 5-year cost analysis at national level

Abstract This study analysed the changes in the reimbursed cost, prices and utilization of biological medicines for a 5-year time horizon, encompassing three major arthropathic diagnoses, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthropathies (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), from the point of view of the third-party payer in Bulgaria. National; population based; macroeconomic; top-down budget analysis was performed based on official data about the number of inhabitants, reimbursed diagnoses and medicines, reimbursed cost, treated patients, and prices of medicines. The utilization of medicines was calculated in DDD per 1000/inh/day. There was an increase of 41% in the number of patients treated with biological medicines. The reimbursement cost of biologicals increased by 21%; however, the per-patient reimbursement costs per diagnosis fell by 40% due to price decreases. Out of 21 reimbursed diagnoses, we saw a significant difference in prevalence (612 SD in 2016 to 1216 SD in 2020; p < 0.05). RA accounted for 2736 patients in 2016, increasing by 131% to 4662 patients in 2020; AS with 1933 patients in 2016 reached 3196 patients by 2020, and PsA with 1128 patients ranked third with a 75% increase. The cost of therapy of RA was the highest, accounting for appr. 15 mill Euro in 2016. The utilization decreased only for 2 INNs (infliximab and rituximab). All INNs experienced a nearly two-fold increase in their utilization: from 0.5244 to 0.9252 DDD/1000inh/day. The cost analysis shows an important place of biologicals for arthropathic diseases therapy; introduction of biosimilars leads to prices and cost decreases.