Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Mechanical Stress on Insulation Structure and Performance of HV Cable

Mechanical stresses generated during manufacturing and laying process of high voltage cables can result in degradation of insulation properties, affecting the stable operation of the transmission system. Traditional test methods for testing the effect of mechanical stress on the insulation properties of polyethylene still have some shortcomings to be explored and it is able to explain the changes of the insulation properties of polyethylene under mechanical stress from a microscopic perspective. In order to further study the effect of stress on the insulation properties of polyethylene, microstructural changes, the breakdown field strength, conductivity and charge distribution of polyethylene at different elongation rates are investigated by a combination of experimental and molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the increase in stress leads to a decrease in crystallinity and microcrystalline size of the material decrease. The untwisting and orientation of the polyethylene molecular chains during the stretching process can create cavities, resulting in an uneven sample distribution and thickness reduction, leading to a reduction in the breakdown field strength. Meanwhile, some crystal regions are transformed into amorphous regions. The loose amorphous regions facilitate the directional migration of carriers, resulting in the increase of conductivity. When the elongation ratio is smaller, the distance between the molecular chains increases and the trap depth of the specimen becomes shallower. This facilitates the migration of ions and electrons and increases the rate of decay of the surface potential. When the stretch is further increased, new traps are created by broken molecular chains to limit the movement of charges, decreasing the decay rate of the surface potential and reducing the insulation properties of the polyethylene. Meanwhile, the molecular dynamics model of semi-crystalline polyethylene was developed to observe the microstructure and energy changes during the stretching process. The conclusions in terms of tensile tests were verified from a microscopic perspective.
Estimation of Drivers’ Gaze Behavior by Potential Attention When Using Human–Machine Interface

Recently, various visual information presentation systems known as human–machine interfaces (HMIs), such as road projection lamp systems, have been developed for safe driving. However, it is unclear how these HMIs change the drivers’ gaze behavior and improve their cognitive awareness of the environment. Therefore, in this study, we introduce the concept of potential attention to propose a probabilistic method to estimate drivers’ gaze behavior when using HMIs. The potential attention hypothesis can propose an explanation to understand gaze behavior. This method assigns potential attention to objects the driver is likely to gaze, such as vehicles and pedestrians, thereby estimating the driver’s potential gaze point from potential attentions. The study is divided into two steps. The first step analyzes the drivers’ gaze behavior in the simulator experiment when a road projection lamp is displayed to alert pedestrians. In the second step, we propose a method for estimating the driver’s gaze through the potential attention method based on the results of the simulator experiment. The modeling results for gaze behavior measured in the simulator experiment as the first step show that gaze behavior can be estimated with high accuracy. This proposed method is expected to apply to a method to determine where the HMI display should be placed.
THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION POSTER ON NEW HABITS IN THE AGE OF COVID 19 ON KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF THE ELDERLY AS A HIGH RISK GROUP (PRE EXPERIMENT STUDY)

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a pandemic that is able to close access to socialization, work and a decrease in people's economic income. Many people have died due to the COVID-19 virus. Elderly, is the age group that most of the victims in this case. Being infected with COVID-19 causes patients to experience shortness of breath, high fever, dry cough and weakness. The government is currently promoting the Adaptation of New Habits as an effort to prevent the transmission and increase of COVID-19 cases. When surveying 10 elderly people directly in the field in RT 004 and 003, the researchers found 7 elderly people who did not know about adapting new habits as a prevention effort and 3 other elderly people said they had heard from television broadcasts but could not explain well the description of adaptation of new habits. Therefore, the elderly need accurate and well-delivered information. One way to convey the right information to the elderly is to use health education with poster media. Poster media can contain information in a size that can be seen and understood by the elderly. The research will be conducted using the Pre-Experimental Design method with the One group pre and posttest design method using primary and secondary data which will be processed by the Wilcoxon test. The results of the study concluded that there was an effect of poster education about the new habits of the Covid 19 era on the level of knowledge of the elderly as a high risk group. Suggest for the elderly to continue to carry out strict health protocols until the pandemic period is over or resolved.
Impact of quality regulation policy on performance of a remanufacturing supply chain with non-waste returns

Quality issues in a remanufacturing supply chain with non-waste returns have been reported many times. To address these issues, the government proposes different quality regulation policies. This paper develops a multi-agent simulation model to study how the quality regulation policy affects the performance of a remanufacturing supply chain with non-waste returns. Here, the main performance includes profit and hazard ratio of products. Our results indicate that self-regulation of the market cannot realize a desirable outcome (low hazard ratio and high manufacturer’s profit). Adjusting quality regulation probability is more efficient than adjusting the penalty for inferior products. From the view of increasing manufacturer’s average profit, or improving the government’s efficiency, the best policy is the solely adjusting supervision probability policy. From the view of reducing hazard ratio, the best policy is adjusting supervision probability- penalty policy. The appropriate penalty for inferior products can realize the desirable outcome. With an increasing supervision probability, the hazard ratio decreases, and the manufacturer’s average profit increases because the remanufacturing cost and penalty for inferior products decrease.
Influence of Modification of the Plasticizing System on the Extrusion-Cooking Process and Selected Physicochemical Properties of Rapeseed and Buckwheat Straws

The article discusses the effect of modification of the plasticizing system of a single-screw extruder on selected physicochemical properties of rapeseed straw and buckwheat straw. A TS-45 single-screw extruder (ZMCh Metalchem, Gliwice, Poland) with an L/D = 12 plasticizing system was used for the process. The shredded straws were moistened to four moisture levels: 20, 25, 30 and 35% dry matter. Three different rotational speeds of the extruder screw were applied for the test cycle: 70, 90 and 110 rpm. The following characteristics were determined for the extrusion-cooking process: efficiency and specific mechanical energy. Selected physical properties were determined for the extrudates obtained in the process: water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), bulk density, and the efficiency of cumulative biogas and cumulative methane production expressed on dry mass, fresh mass, and fresh organic mass basis. It has been proved that the modification of the plasticizing system had a significant impact on the course of the process and the tested physicochemical properties. An important factor confirming the correctness of the modification is the increase in biogas efficiency. After modification, the highest yield of cumulative biogas from the fresh mass was 12.94% higher than in the sample processed before modification.
Genotype Shift of Malaysian Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) from PCV2b to PCV2d within a Decade

Simple Summary This study aims to provide an updated Malaysian porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) situation after a knowledge gap of one decade. Molecular detection rates of 83.78% and 83.54% at farm and sample population level were reported, close to previous publication. However, an obvious genotype shift from genotype PCV2b to PCV2d was revealed. Substitution rate for PCV2 cap gene sequences in this study was estimated at 1.102 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year, in agreement with the high substitution rate expected from PCV2 strains. Phylogenetic clustering pattern according to the year of sample origin was observed, suggesting possible nucleotide mutation occurring over time. Concurrent circulation of different PCV2 strains within one farm and within a single individual were also observed. This study also reports detection of PCV2 antigen across all production age groups from fetuses to sows; in abattoir lung samples from clinically healthy finishers; and in the wild boar population roaming Peninsular Malaysia. These observations of high molecular detection rates in farms, clinically healthy abattoir samples and in the wild boar population; and most importantly, a new wave of genotype shift from PCV2b to PCV2d—warrant further attention on the Malaysian PCV2 situation pertinent to the control and management strategy applicable to local swine farming. Abstract This paper aims to update the molecular status of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in Malaysia. Firstly, the molecular detection rate of PCV2 in farm and sampled pig population were reported to be 83.78% (31/37 farms) and 83.54% (66/79 pigs) positive for PCV2, respectively. PCV2 was detected across all age groups, from fetuses, porkers to sows. Co-detection of PCV2 and PCV3 antigens was also reported at a rate of 28.77% (21/73). Secondly, PCV2 antigen was also detected in Malaysian abattoir lung samples: 18 out of 19 (94.74%) samples originating from clinically healthy finishers were tested positive. Further, this is the first study to confirm the circulation of PCV2 in the wild boar population roaming Peninsular Malaysia, where 28 out of 28 (100%) wild boar lung samples were found positive. One decade earlier, only genotype PCV2b was reported in Malaysia. This most recent update revealed that genotypes PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d were present, with PCV2d being the predominant circulating genotype. PCV2 cap gene nucleotide sequences in this study were found to be under negative selection pressure, with an estimated substitution rate of 1.102 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year (ssy).
Visual lobe shape characteristics of experienced industrial inspectors and inexperienced subjects

This article reports research on visual lobe shape differences between experienced industrial inspectors and inexperienced students and the effects of years of inspection experience on lobe‐shape characteristics. Comparison of the visual lobes of students and inspectors showed that lobe roundness of the inspectors was higher than that of the students. Also, marked improvement in lobe roundness and regularity for inspectors was evident in those inspectors who had relatively long experience in inspection work, indicating that daily inspection practice did not seem to be an effective way of improving lobe‐shape characteristics. The increased lobe roundness level did not change, however, even when the inspectors had not performed an inspection job for a long period of time. This finding suggests that the improved lobe‐roundness level could be maintained even without any follow‐up inspection practice. It seems that intensive lobe training rather than inspection practice may be required to improve lobe‐shape characteristics in a short time. No relationship was found between lobe‐shape parameters and the ranked inspection performance of the inspectors, which indicated that, for the inspectors, better search performance may be related more to their better decision making rather than to their higher lobe‐roundness level or inspection speed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A synthetic cytokinin primes photosynthetic and growth response in grapevine under ion-independent salinity stress

ABSTRACT Aiding optimal plant–environment interaction would favor plant resilience against environmental constrains including salt stress. We test the hypothesis that 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) primes grapevine’s salt tolerance in vines (Vitis vinifera) received salt water (NaCl 100 mM) through the modulation of gene expression of BAP (AHK4, AHP1) and salt-stress (CAT, APX) inducible genes and morpho-physiological traits. A subgroup of vines had previously (48 h) been primed with BAP (80 mg/L) before salt stress. The gene expressions were 30% (CAT) and 56% (APX) lower in primed salt-stressed vines than that in un-primed. Salt treatment did not increase leaf Na+ but it lowered stomatal conductance (g s), photosynthesis (A), stem water potential (less negative) and photosystem-II efficiency (F v/F m). Chlorophyll-a concentrations were 30% higher in BAP-primed compared to un-primed. Adverse effects of salt were significantly reduced, maintaining high A/g s, F v/F m and growth. After the relief of the stress, the BAP primed vines had a fast recovery.
Structural Equation Modeling of Common Cognitive Abilities in Preschool-Aged Children Using WPPSI-IV and BRIEF-P

Various studies have addressed the relationship between intelligence and executive functions (EF). There is widespread agreement that EF in preschool children is a unitary construct in which the subordinate factors of Updating, Inhibition, and Shifting are still undifferentiated and correlate moderately with a general factor of intelligence (g). The aim of this study is to investigate the common structural relationship between these two constructs using confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, we intend to close the gap of more daily life-associated executive functions and replicate findings in preschool-aged children. Data from a sample of N = 124 average developed children without severe impairments (aged 4 years 0 months–6 years 11 months) were analyzed using the data pool of the standardization and validation studies on the German Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Fourth Edition. Additionally, Executive functions were assessed using a standardized parent-completed questionnaire (BRIEF-P) on their children’s everyday behavior. A second-order factor solution revealed that a model with a loading of the common factor of general intelligence (g-factor) onto the EF factor fits the data best. To specify possible method effects due to different sources of measurements, a latent method factor was generated. The results indicate a heterogeneous method effect and a decreasing factor loading from g on to EF while controlling for the method factor.
Effects of Land Use Conversion on the Soil Microbial Community Composition and Functionality in the Urban Wetlands of North-Eastern China

Urban wetlands are undergoing intensive conversion from natural wetlands to farmlands, woodlands, and even alkaline land. This study aimed to determine the effects of land conversion on soil microbial communities of urban wetlands in the hinterland of Songnen Plain, Northeastern China. Soil samples were collected from various sites of Longfeng wetland, including swamp wetland (SW), meadow wetland (MW), woodland (WL), farmland (FL), and alkaline land (AL). High-throughput sequencing followed by bioinformatic analysis was conducted to evaluate the structure, composition, and function of soil bacterial and fungal communities. The most dominant bacterial and fungal phylum among the land-use types were Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, respectively. In addition, the bacterial diversity and functions varied significantly across different land-use types. However, no remarkable differences in fungal communities were observed under various land-use types. Edaphic parameters, including exchange sodium percent (ESP) and total nitrogen (TN), remarkably influenced the abundance and diversity of soil microbial communities. These results show that land-use type shapes various aspects of soil microbial communities, including soil physicochemical properties, microbial taxa structure, potential functional genes, and correlation with environmental factors. This study provides reliable data to guide land use management and supervision by decision-makers in this region.
Higher moments and industry momentum returns

ABSTRACT Motivated by the demonstrated profitability of industry momentum strategies and the established explanatory power of higher moments for momentum returns at the firm level, we investigate the relation between higher moments and industry momentum returns. We use January 1970 to December 2021 data on 48 US industry return series from Kenneth French’s data library to calculate realised skewness and kurtosis and to construct double-sort trading strategies over dynamic trading horizons up to 24 months. The results reveal that the lowest-skewness group earns the strongest industry momentum returns over most trading horizons, while kurtosis is positively related to industry momentum returns. Additional testing reveals that these relations are uncaptured by the market, size, value, investment, profitability, and firm-level momentum risk factors in common asset pricing models.
Physical Development Differences between Professional Soccer Players from Different Competitive Levels

In soccer, physical development is crucial for developing optimal performance. This study aimed to assess and compare the physical development of elite and non-elite professional soccer players. Seventy-eight male professional football players divided into four competitive levels participated in this study: the elite group (EG), the non-elite group A (NEG-A), the non-elite group B (NEG-B), and the under 23 group (U23). Body composition, static strength, lower-body explosive strength, flexibility, and balance were assessed. No significant statistical differences between elite and non-elite players were seen in body composition parameters. However, the EG performed better in static strength, lower-body explosive strength, flexibility, and balance, even after adjusting for the effects of chronological age. The analysis showed that the competitive level (group) explained 25% to 29% of the variance observed in the lower-body explosive strength tasks. Sports staff and coaches in different age categories or competitive levels should include specific lower-body explosive strength content during soccer training to promote players’ long-term development towards the elite level.
A classification scheme to improve conclusion instability using Bellwether moving windows

The use of a subset of recently completed and exemplary data, namely, Bellwether moving window (BMW) has proven successful to result in improved accuracy in software effort estimation (SEE). These outcomes were achieved based on the theory that estimation outcome of a future event depends on previous events. Thus, the existence of a BMW yield improved prediction accuracy for new project estimation. However, the conclusion instability problem across learners still threatens the reliability of SEE for new projects. Such instability concerns are attributed to the data subset considered for the training and validation needs of learners.
The optimal order configuration of turbines in a small hydropower plant: A case study of the Lepenci River in Kosovo

Decentralized electricity production from small hydropower plants used for domestic and ancillary services has been established among the most reliable renewable energy sources for isolated locations. However, many factors impact the energy efficiency and the production capacity of such hydropower plants, one of these factors being the order configuration of the connected turbines. Hence, this research presents a performance evaluation of a small hydropower plant consisting of three francis turbines, and it elicits the optimal order configuration of the connected operating turbines, that yields the highest power output under varying conditions. Three scenarios with different order configurations of turbines are presented and compared in a “run-of-the-river” setting, installed in the Lepenci River, in south-eastern Kosovo. Numerical analyses are used to evaluate the performance of each scenario. The results show that the order configuration of the operating turbines based on their connection order has a significant impact on the electricity production.
Effectiveness of Herbal Essential Oils as Single and Combined Repellents against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles dirus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Simple Summary The repellent efficacy of ten essential oils was measured against all three-mosquito species using the arm-in-cage approach to determine the duration of protection. All essential oils showed high complete-protection time against Culex quinquefasciatus, ranging from 120 to 360 min. Petitgrain oil showed the highest complete-protection time from bites of Aedes aegypti for 270 min. Peppermint oil also exhibited complete-protection time from bites of Anopheles dirus for 180 min. When two highly effective essential oils were combined to potentially prolong mosquito bite protection, the binary combinations of petitgrain with other essential oils (basil and coriander) exhibited antagonistic effects and provided complete protection against A. aegypti bite for 150 min. On the other hand, the sage and patchouli oil combination showed more repellent activity from A. dirus bite for 270 min than an individual oil. The binary combination efficiently increased or decreased protection time. Abstract Mosquito repellents reduce human-vector contact of vector-borne diseases. We compared the repellent activity of 10 undiluted essential oils (anise, basil, bergamot, coriander, patchouli, peppermint, petitgrain, rosemary, sage and vetiver) against A. aegypti, A. dirus and C. quinquefasciatus using the arm-in-cage method. Petitgrain oil was the most effective against A. aegypti (270 min). Peppermint oil was the most effective against A. dirus (180 min). Interestingly, all single oils had attributes of repellency against C. quinquefasciatus (ranged, 120–360 min). Moreover, we integrated their binary combinations of highly effective essential oils against A. aegypti and A. dirus to potentially increase the protection time. A 1:1 combination of petitgrain/basil, petitgrain/coriander, basil/coriander and basil/sage reduced the median complete-protection time of 150 min for A. aegypti; a combination of sage and patchouli oils prolonged the median complete-protection time of 270 min for A. dirus. Combining essential oils effect protection time from these two mosquito species.