Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lane formation in driven pair-ion plasmas

Lane formation dynamics of driven 2D pair-ion plasmas is investigated in underdamped cases. Extensive Brownian dynamics simulation is performed to study the behavior of the system in the presence of both constant and time-varying external electric fields. Lanes are found to form when like particles move along or opposite to the applied field direction. The lane order parameter has been implemented to detect phase transition. For the constant external field case, investigations are performed at different field strengths, to analyze the phase transition from a disordered to a lane state. It is observed that in this case, the electric field strength must exceed a critical value above which lanes are formed distinctly. For the case of the oscillating electric field, the frequency of the external oscillating field is found to control the lane formation phenomenon. We show that if the frequency of the external field exceeds a critical value, the system exhibits a transition back to the disordered state. A simple method for calculating the critical field strength provides quantitative agreement between the calculated and simulated values of the critical field strength for the case of the constant external electric field. The calculated value of the critical frequency agrees qualitatively with our simulation results for the oscillating external electric field case. A comparative study with the overdamped case has been performed, which suggests that the critical field strength corresponding to the phase transition point is higher for the underdamped case as compared to the overdamped one.Lane formation dynamics of driven 2D pair-ion plasmas is investigated in underdamped cases. Extensive Brownian dynamics simulation is performed to study the behavior of the system in the presence of both constant and time-varying external electric fields. Lanes are found to form when like particles move along or opposite to the applied field direction. The lane order parameter has been implemented to detect phase transition. For the constant external field case, investigations are performed at different field strengths, to analyze the phase transition from a disordered to a lane state. It is observed that in this case, the electric field strength must exceed a critical value above which lanes are formed distinctly. For the case of the oscillating electric field, the frequency of the external oscillating field is found to control the lane formation phenomenon. We show that if the frequency of the external field exceeds a critical value, the system exhibits a transition back to the disordered state. A simpl.
Technological leadership (de)concentration: causes in information and communication technology equipment

Using patent data from 1976 to 2010 as indicators of inventive activity, we determine the concentration level of where inventive ideas originate and then examine how and why those concentrations change over time. The analysis finds pervasive deconcentration in every area related to the Information and Communication Technology equipment market. We find that booms and busts play an important role in deconcentration trends. In comparison, new entry explains surprisingly little and merger and acquisition activity does not revert the trend.
Feeling your neighbour: an experimental approach to the polysemy of tundma ‘to feel’ in Estonian

ABSTRACT This paper offers an experimental approach to the polysemy of the Estonian perception verb tundma ‘to feel’ from the perspective of the perception ➔ cognition metaphor. First, a sorting task is used to map how native speakers perceive the different senses of tundma ‘to feel’. The results show that cognition-related senses of tundma form the most distinct and coherent group. This set was researched further by means of a second experiment, a conceptual feature rating task. The aim of this task was to assess if the cognition-related meanings of tundma differ from other cognition verbs of Estonian (teadma ‘to know’, aru saama ‘to understand’) in that they are metaphorically linked to physical perception. It was predicted that native speakers use characteristics tied to the physical perception in the conceptualisation of the type of knowledge expressed by tundma. However, native speakers did not rate sentences with tundma as more physical than sentences with abstract cognition verbs. This result is indicative of the nature of the semantics of tundma being more varied than was first thought. It is argued that the semantics of tundma refer to it being a verb of general proximal perception.
Volume-outcome relationship in type A aortic dissection: crosswords or crossroads?

J Thorac Dis 2020;12(6):3433-3435 | http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/jtd.2020.01.46 We commend Nguyen and colleagues who published an article entitled, ‘Acute Type A Dissection (ATAAD) Repair by High versus Low Volume Surgeons at a High-Volume Aortic Center (1). ’ At their institution, they reviewed two surgeons with an extremely high caseload of ATAAD >10 per year “HVAS”, versus 5 surgeons with a caseload of ≤10 per year “LVAS”. They categorized each operation into pairings of primary surgeon and first assistant, resulting in four classes: HVAS-HVAS, HVAS-LVAS, LVAS-HVAS, LVASLVAS. They presented an increased mortality in the LVASLVAS group, and an odds ratio of 3.9 (P<0.01) in the early mortality group. Nguyen et al. postulated further that it is the high volume of numbers and expertise achieved by the two surgeons which produce better outcomes than those performing less. This finding has been noted by one of our studies on similar entity utilizing national data among others (2-4). However, more debated is whether high volume institutions are also associated with improved outcomes, compared to centres who perform less; the theory being that high volume centres are better equipped with teams and procedures, or whether it is the surgeon alone that influences the outcome. Nguyen’s study postulated that by assessing the team at Houston—a well-equipped, ‘high volume’ centre, removed the bias of having differing institutions influencing surgical outcomes. It is interesting therefore to note that even in a high-volume institution, the differences Nguyen et al. found between HVAS and LVAS is significant. Even long-term mortality was increased in the LVAS-LVAS group, implying that even once out of hospital the patients are not out of the woods. If volume is indeed of such high importance that LVASLVAS led teams are having significantly worse outcomes, then as a patient safety issue it stands to reason that teams should require at least one HVAS, or a surgeon who had reached a minimum volume of surgeries (5,6). In other areas, this quota-based surgical volume may not ensure optimal quality of treatment and exclude lower volume centres or surgeons with good outcomes (7). Further work in determining a “minimum standard” of volume would have to be evident. In Nguyen et al.’s case, their HVAS had an “unusually high” volume per year, perhaps unrealistic to expect of all others to achieve, and not representative of a standard cohort. As to the hospitals, centralising care into only high-volume hospitals may imbalance health inequalities for those living further from main cities or in rural areas. In a study by Brat et al., they reported on 30 elective aortic arch surgeries in a low-volume hospital over 13 years and concluded their mid-term results were at an acceptable level (8). Volume-based surgery would penalise these centres. It is important to note, however, some of the other results Nguyen found. Whilst they quote long-term Editorial Commentary
The paradox of investment timing in small business: Why do firms invest when it is too late?

ABSTRACT This article aims to tell the “gamble of resurrection” story for small owner-managed firms. Analyzing a set of private firms in Vietnam, we find that for firms that are less financially constrained, an increase in the degree of financing constraints leads to a decrease in the use of entrepreneurs’ personal capital. However, once critical value of constraints is reached, this relationship reverses. Specifically, deferring investments that would otherwise be in time may result in firms’ experiencing such serious financial distress that the entrepreneurs will invest their personal capital to try and maintain their firms’ survival even though it may be too late.
The day-to-day experiences of people with fatigue after stroke: Results from the Nottingham Fatigue After Stroke study

Background/Aims Post-stroke fatigue is common and impacts on patient outcomes. Our aim was to investigate day-to-day experiences of fatigue six months after stroke. Methods Participants were identified from a cohort study of fatigue (NotFAST) which excluded those with depression and aphasia. Participants who reported high fatigue scores at six months post-stroke were interviewed individually. Data were analysed thematically. Twenty-two participants were interviewed. Fatigue was reported to impact on instrumental activities of daily living, leisure activities, social relationships and work life. Variations in fatigue were reported throughout the day and over the longer term. Triggers included physical and mental exertion, and periods of inactivity. Self-devised management strategies included daytime rest or sleep, pacing activities, making compromises, accepting help from others, and keeping active. It was sometimes unclear whether fatigue was a specific result of stroke or due to ageing, poor health, or sleep disturbance. Few participants had received specific information or advice about fatigue.
478OEfficacy and safety of Sym004 in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer with acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy: Results of a randomized phase II study (RP2S)

J. Tabernero, F. Ciardiello, C. Montagut, C. Ding, S. Kopetz, T. Tuxen Poulsen, A. Bardelli, L. Wyrwicz, A. Cubillo, C. Santos, G. Fumi, V. Zagonel, J. Bennouna, S. Siena, A. Falcone, M. Benavent, G. Argiles, M. Kragh, I.D. Horak, M. Dvorkin Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain, Seconda Universit a di Napoli, Naples, Italy, University Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, Symphogen, Somerville, NJ, USA, GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, Symphogen, Ballerup, Denmark, Oncology, IRCCS University of Turin School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy, Medical Oncology GI Cancer Department, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Warsaw, Poland, Medical Oncology, Hospital Madrid Norte San Chinarro Centro Integral Oncologico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain, Medical Oncology, Institut Catal a d’Oncologia Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria, Terni, Italy, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua, Italy, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France, Niguarda Cancer Center and Universit a degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Medical Oncology, H. U. Virgen del Roc ıo, Seville, Spain, Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain, Symphogen, Denmark, Oncology, BHI of Omsk region Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Omsk, Russian Federation
Bystander behaviour in peer victimisation: moral disengagement, defender self-efficacy and student-teacher relationship quality

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine how different bystander roles in peer victimisation situations relate to moral disengagement, defender self-efficacy, and student-teacher relationship quality. Self-reported survey data were collected from 333 middle and junior high school students (10–15 years of age) from four schools in Sweden. Random intercept model analyses of factor scores revealed that, when witnessing peer victimisation, students high in moral disengagement and low in defender self-efficacy were more inclined to act as reinforcers or outsiders, and that students high in defender self-efficacy and student-teacher relationship quality were more inclined to act as defenders. Furthermore, examining these relationships within and between classes revealed that reinforcer and outsider behaviours were more common among students who, compared to their classmates, were higher in moral disengagement and lower in defender self-efficacy, whereas defending was more common among students who, compared to their classmates, were higher in defender self-efficacy. The results enrich the knowledge of factors related to different bystander behaviours, which has potential implications for prevention and intervention work.
Cytotoxicity of 3D Printed Materials: An In Vitro study

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this present study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of stereolithographic 3D printing materials for varying time intervals using MTT assay and application of these materials for intra-oral usage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clear aligner trays were 3D printed using stereolithography apparatus (SLA) using 3 different 3D printing materials (Invisalign®, Dental LT® resin, Accura 60®). The cytotoxicity of these materials was tested using MTT assay. The samples were introduced to Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) which served as the extraction medium. Fresh medium was changed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Cytotoxicity of these materials were tested on 3T3 embryonic fibroblast cell line. 1st. 3rd, 5th and 7th day extraction medium of all 3 samples were introduced to triplicates of the cultured fibroblast cells in a 96 well microplate. Cell growing in normal medium served as control. The cells were then incubated for 24 hrs after which MTT assay was done to measure optical density of each sample at 570nm. Cell viability % was calculated for each sample. RESULTS: The results were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Intragroup findings were statistically significant for only one material (Accura 60®). There was a statistically significant difference in intergroup cell viability values for all 3 materials (Invisalign, Dental LT, Accura 60). DISCUSSION: Invisalign® and Dental LT® had better biocompatibility than Accura 60®. Accura 60® which is a polycarbonate-based material showed the maximum cytotoxicity on day 1 and intra group cell viability differences for Accura 60® were statistically significant. This is due to increased leaching of Bisphenol A (BPA) associated with polycarbonate. CONCLUSION: Invisalign® and Dental LT® materials are safer for intraoral orthodontic usage as both the material are biocompatible. Accura 60® material showed increased in-vitro cell death suggesting that it is non-biocompatible for intraoral usage.
A prospective assessment of adequacy of orthopaedic emergency medicine consultations: The experience at an academic level I trauma center

Background: This study sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy, consultation appropriateness, and effectiveness of management of orthopaedic conditions in an emergency setting. Methods: A prospective, blinded analysis of all orthopaedic consults by emergency medicine providers at our institutional level I trauma center was conducted between May 1, 2016 and Jun 30, 2016. Providers were blinded to eliminate Hawthorne effect bias. Direct orthopaedic transfers and general surgery trauma consults were excluded. The accuracy of the initial diagnosis, effectiveness of management by the emergency medicine physician, and ultimately, consult appropriateness were evaluated. Results: The emergency department received 239 consecutive consults over the 2-month period. Of these 38.5% (92/239) were inaccurate due to nonspecific consults (14.6%; 35/239), incomplete information with missed injuries (12.6%; 30/239), grossly incorrect diagnosis (11.3%; 27/239), or use of incorrect terminology (5.9%; 14/239). Inaccurate diagnoses led to a significant change in orthopaedic management in 73.9% (68/239) of patients. Of the open injuries, 30.8% (4/13) were incorrectly called “closed. ” Antibiotics were not initiated prior to orthopaedic consultation for open fractures in 61.5% (8/13) of patients. Initial work-up was incomplete in 25.5% (61/239), affecting management in 44.3% (27/61) of cases; 56.9% (136/239) of consults required acute orthopaedic intervention in the emergency department setting. Conclusions: In this study a significant number of patients presenting to a level one trauma center referred for orthopaedic consultation by emergency medicine providers were initially misdiagnosed and suboptimally managed. This may have a significant impact on patient morbidity and mortality. Orthopaedic consultants must be vigilant and apply due diligence to ensure that emergency patients receive proper and thorough evaluation and treatment. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Effects of Myofascial Release Technique on Pain and Disability in Patients with Chronic Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Trial

Abstract Background Disc herniation is one of the factors that causes low back pain (LBP). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a myofascial release technique on pain and disability in patients with chronic lumbar disc herniation. Method 30 patients with a herniated lumbar disc, divided into 2 groups. One group (n=15) received electrotherapeutic modalities (TENS, pulsed ultrasound, hot packs) in addition to the myofascial release technique (MFR) on trigger points in 9 soft tissue elements. The other group (n=15) received only electrotherapeutic modalities. All patients underwent 10 treatment sessions. In both groups we assessed back and lower extremity pain intensity, functional disability level and trigger point pain threshold before treatment and after 5 and 10 sessions. Results For back pain, the median between-group differences (95% CI) compared to baseline were 2 (1–2) after the 5th session and 2 (1–4) after the 10th session; the difference between the 5th and 10th sessions was 1 (0–2). For functional disability, the mean between-group differences (95% CI) compared to baseline were 5 points (1.8–8.1) after the 5th session and 8.3 points (4.2–12.3) after the 10th session; the difference between the 5th and tenth sessions was 3.34 points (1.02–5.6). For trigger point pain threshold, the mean between-group differences compared to baseline were −1.47 kg/cm2 (−1.7 to − 1.17) after the 5th session and −3.17 (−3.6 to −2.7) after the 10th session; the difference between the 5th and 10th sessions was −1.7 kg/cm2 (−2.04 to −1.3). Conclusion In conclusion, MFR might be an effective treatment for reducing pain and disability in patients with chronic lumbar disc herniation.
Visual-Textual Video Synopsis Generation

In this dissertation we tackle the problem of automatic video summarization. Automatic summarization techniques enable faster browsing and indexing of large video databases. However, due to the inherent subjectivity of the task, no single video summarizer fits all users unless it adapts to individual user’s needs. To address this issue, we introduce a fresh view on the task called “Queryfocused” extractive video summarization. We develop a supervised model that takes as input a video and user’s preference in form of a query, and creates a summary video by selecting key shots from the original video. We model the problem as subset selection via determinantal point process (DPP), a stochastic point process that assigns a probability value to each subset of any given set. Next, we develop a second model that exploits capabilities of memory networks in the framework and concomitantly reduces the level of supervision required to train the model. To automatically evaluate system summaries, we contend that a good metric for video summarization should focus on the semantic information that humans can perceive rather than the visual features or temporal overlaps. To this end, we collect dense per-video-shot concept annotations, compile a new dataset, and suggest an efficient evaluation method defined upon the concept annotations. To enable better summarization of videos, we improve the sequential DPP in two folds. In terms of learning, we propose a large-margin algorithm to address the exposure bias that is common in many sequence to sequence learning methods. In terms of modeling, we integrate a new probabilistic distribution into SeqDPP, the resulting model accepts user input about the expected length of the summary. We conclude this dissertation by developing a framework to generate textual synopsis for a video, thus, enabling users to quickly browse a large video database without watching the videos.
Mobile Phone Apps to Support Heart Failure Self-Care Management: Integrative Review

Background With an explosive growth in mobile health, an estimated 500 million patients are potentially using mHealth apps for supporting health and self-care of chronic diseases. Therefore, this review focused on mHealth apps for use among patients with heart failure. Objective The aim of this integrative review was to identify and assess the functionalities of mHealth apps that provided usability and efficacy data and apps that are commercially available without supporting data, all of which are to support heart failure self-care management and thus impact heart failure outcomes. Methods A search of published, peer-reviewed literature was conducted for studies of technology-based interventions that used mHealth apps specific for heart failure. The initial database search yielded 8597 citations. After filters for English language and heart failure, the final 487 abstracts was reviewed. After removing duplicates, a total of 18 articles that tested usability and efficacy of mobile apps for heart failure self-management were included for review. Google Play and Apple App Store were searched with specified criteria to identify mHealth apps for heart failure. A total of 26 commercially available apps specific for heart failure were identified and rated using the validated Mobile Application Rating Scale. Results The review included studies with low-quality design and sample sizes ranging from 7 to 165 with a total sample size of 847 participants from all 18 studies. Nine studies assessed usability of the newly developed mobile health system. Six of the studies included are randomized controlled trials, and 4 studies are pilot randomized controlled trials with sample sizes of fewer than 40. There were inconsistencies in the self-care components tested, increasing bias. Thus, risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for risk of selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting biases. Most studies included in this review are underpowered and had high risk of bias across all categories. Three studies failed to provide enough information to allow for a complete assessment of bias, and thus had unknown or unclear risk of bias. This review on the commercially available apps demonstrated many incomplete apps, many apps with bugs, and several apps with low quality. Conclusions The heterogeneity of study design, sample size, intervention components, and outcomes measured precluded the performance of a systematic review or meta-analysis, thus introducing bias of this review. Although the heart failure–related outcomes reported in this review vary, they demonstrated trends toward making an impact and offer a potentially cost-effective solution with 24/7 access to symptom monitoring as a point of care solution, promoting patient engagement in their own home care.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Therapy

A physician should contemplate systemic therapy when patients are symptomatic, have significant tumor burden, or disease progression. Each patient and tumor is unique and there is no consensus on treatment sequencing and which regimen is the best. Over the past few years, a number of new agents are now approved for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and the treatment field has dramatically expanded. Our review will discuss the key agents and focus on the newer regimens. The treatment options range from sandostatin analogues, targeted treatments, and chemotherapy. We always recommend a multi-disciplinary team to help guide the treatments for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors patients.