Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Textures of Secondary Alteration Zones in Nakhla

Textures of secondary minerals in cracks in Nakhla are described and illustrated with high resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and BSE. Some Nakhla textures resemble alteration textures of glass in seafloor basalts. Criteria for inorganic vs. biogenic alteration are discussed. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF INTERFACE STATES IN Si–SiO2 INTERFACES

Measurements of the energy dependence of surface‐state density, capture cross section, and frequency dispersion were undertaken with the MOS conductance technique. Capture cross sections are constant in the depletion range and decrease exponentially towards the band edge. The frequency dispersion factor is independent of surface potential for wet oxide and becomes very small at the flatband point for dry oxides.
EFFECT OF THERMODYNAMICAL MODEL FOR PARAFFIN DEPOSITION IN THE PARAFFINIC OIL LAMINAR FLOW THROUGH CIRCULAR DUCTS

Paraffin deposition is a serious problem in the production and transport of heavy oil, causing a large increase in the cost of these operations. If paraffinic oil is transported through pipelines exposed to low environmental temperatures, it will lose energy as heat to the wall of the duct and the process of formation and deposition of paraffin crystals will begin on the inner wall. This phenomenon may result in additional spending of energy due to pumping, decreasing of oil production and environmental hazards due to oil spilling. The influence of thermodynamic model for paraffin deposition and the operating conditions during transport are evaluated for determining the profile of wax deposition. The thermodynamic models simulated have been experimentally validated and the influence of the operating conditions in the formation of the deposit is in qualitative agreement with experimental observations extracted from the literature.
Avaliação clínica do efeito do fluoreto de sódio a 4% e do laser AsGaAl sobre a hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical

The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the efficacy of 4% sodium fluoride use with that of a Gallium/ Aluminium/Arsenide (GaAlAs) low –intensity laser in the treatment of cervical dentinal hypersensitivity (CDH). 103 teeth with a diagnosis of CDH were randomly assigned in two groups (I and II respectively). In Group I, 4% sodium fluoride was applied to the cervical region of facial teeth surfaces during 4 minutes. Analogous areas of Group II teeth were punctually irradiated with a low–intensity AsGa- Al diode (wavelength 830nm, power output 100mW) and dosimetry of 4j/cm2. Both treatment modalities were performed three times in separate sessions with intervals of either 48 or 72 hours. The degree of hypersensitivity was assessed at baseline, immediately after each treatment session and at day 30 post-treatment. Immediately after each treatment session there were no significant differences between both groups. Evaluation at the one-month followup timepoint revealed that in group I there was a 43% decrease in the level of hypersensitivity, following tactile stimuli and a 51.4% decline, following thermal/evaporative stimuli. Similarly, in group II, reductions of 52.7% and 55.2% were observed respectively following identical stimuli. Statistical analyses of the data indicate that there were no significant differences between the two therapies regarding to the reduction of CDH either immediately after each treatment session or at the one-month follow-up timepoint (p > 0,05). Both therapies were effective in reducing CDH, with no significant differences between the two forms of treatment evaluated. Key words: Fluorides. Sodium fluoride. Dentin sensitivity. Lasers.
The Logic of Chemical Synthesis

Part 1 General approaches to the analysis of complex synthetic problems: the basis for retrosynthetic analysis transform-based strategies structure-based and topological strategies stereochemical strategies functional group-based and other strategies concurrent use of several strategies. Part 2 Specific pathways for the synthesis of complex molecules: macrocyclic structures heterocyclic structures sesquiterprenoids polycyclic isoprenoids prostanoids leukotrienes and other bioactive polyenes. Part 3 Guide to the original literature of multistep synthesis.
Internet Addiction and Personality Traits among Youths of Rajkot District

The purpose of present study was to find out correlation between the youths‟ Internet Addiction and Personality Traits. The said sample was 120 both males and females in equal numbers was selected through random sampling. Internet Addiction Inventory &Personality Traits Inventory are tailor-made instruments, having sufficient reliability and validity. For the purpose of analysis, The Karl-Pearson „r‟ technique was used. Present study reveals the result that there is no significant Negative correlation between the youths‟ Internet Addiction and Personality Traits. The authors suggest that there is a need to explore the rural and the urban youths‟ correlation in the line of above study.
Lithium literature review: lithium's properties and interactions

The lithium literature has been reviewed to provide a better understanding of the effects of lithium spills that might occur in magnetic fusion energy (MFE) facilities. Lithium may be used as a breeding blanket and reactor coolant in these facilities. Physical and chemical properties of lithium as well as the chemical interactions of lithium with various gases, metals and non-metals have been identified. A preliminary assessment of lithium-concrete reactions has been completed using differential thermal analysis. Suggestions are given for future studies in areas where literature is lacking or limited.
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, AND AIR TO 30,000 K

Abstract : The viscosity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, binary diffusion coefficients, and total radiated power in the continuum have been calculated for hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and air for temperatures from 1000 to 30,000 K and for pressures from 1 to 30 atm. The viscosity, electrical and thermal conductivites, and diffusion coefficients were calculated from the first Chapman-Enskog approximation, using the best available cross-section data from the literature. Coulomb collisions were treated approximately by means of effective collision cross sections, chosen to make the calculated transport properties agree with the results of Spitzer and Harm3 for the fully ionized case. Effects of ambipolar diffusion and charge exchange were included in the calculation. The continuum radiated power was calculated from Kramers' semiclassical approximation with an empirical correction factor to make the results agree with the limited experimental data available in the range of interest. The calculated transport properties agree well with the results of Mason, et al, at low temperatures and of Spitzer and Harm3 at high temperatures, but in the intermediate temperature range, from about 10,000 to 20,000 K, the results differ rather significantly from the results obtained by previous investigators.
Time-resolved swarm studies in gases with emphasis on electron detachment and ion conversion

Avalanche currents have been measured by means of a timeresolved swarm method in c-C,Fs at pressures between 0.7 and 27 kPa. The recorded avalanche current waveforms are, in comparison with those of most insulating gases, unusual. Whereas in most gasCs avalanche current waveforms are characterized by a dear distinction between the electron contribution (high amplitude, short duration) and the ion contribution (low amplitude, long duration), the waveform in c-C,Fs is significantly different. During the first electron transit time an electron component can only be observed at low pressure (below 1.3 kPa) and even then is strongly intermixed with the ion con· tribution. Above 1.3 kPa the waveform seems completely ion-dominated. 143 INTRODUCTION T HERE has been recent interest in the use of octalluorocyclobutane (c-C,Fs) as a high-voltage insulant, primarily in view of its high dielectric strength [1-5]. measured pressure-reduced (apparent) effective ionization coefficient decreases with gas pressure [3]. Moreover, the measured value of the figure of merit M in c-C4 Fs increases with p and is unexpectedly large at relatively high pressure (2]. Several observations related to the breakdown characteristics of this gas have been reported earlier [2,3,6] and can be summarized as follows. The uniform-field breakdown voltage in c-C,Fs at constant pd (pressure times gap distance) values has been found to increase with gas pressure (2,3]. In agreement with this, the To understand these observations in c-C4 F a, more fundamental and direct information about the possible physical processes involved is obviously required. As an extension of our previous work 16], we present here fast time~ resolved swarm experiments in c-C4 F 8 at pr~sures 0018-9367/89/0200-14311.00 © 1989.IEEE
Estimation of release rate of iodine-131 and cesium-137 from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant

The atmospheric release rates of I-131 and Cs-137 from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011 were estimated by comparing environmental monitoring data of air concentration and deposition rate on a regional scale with calculated values from an atmospheric dispersion model. Although the release rates were not estimated for all days after 11 March, because of lack of monitoring data, temporal changes in the release rates were reasonably estimated with estimated uncertainties in a factor of 3.3 and 2.9 for I-131 and Cs-137, respectively. A large release was estimated from the night of 14 March to at least the afternoon of 15 March, with maximum values of 7.2 × 1015 Bq h−1 for I-131 and 1.5 × 1014 Bq h−1 for Cs-137. The release rates during other periods were estimated at one- to two-orders of magnitude smaller than the largest release rate on 15 March. Uncertainty in the estimated release rate for 15 and 20 March was larger than for other periods. The significant release during 14 and 15 March and the trend of the release rate by the end of March were consistent with previous reports. This agreement, despite using different datasets, shows robustness of the temporal changes estimated in the studies.
Effect of nano-zinc oxide on liver metallothionein of AA chicken.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nano-zinc oxide on liver metallothionein in Arbor Acres chicken which was treated with 40 mg/kg Zn as zinc sulfate,and 30,40 and 60 mg/kg Zn as nano-zinc oxide,respectively.The result indicated that compared to control group,40 mg/kg Zn and 60 mg/kg Zn as nano-zinc oxides could improve the content of MT of liver significantly(P0.05).
Superfluid helium droplets : from spectroscopy to magnetic nanoparticles

This project applies superfluid helium droplets in two big areas: spectroscopy and nanoparticles formation. Helium droplets, consisted of more than 10 helium atoms, provide a non-friction and very cold (~0.37 K) environment for clusters/nanoparticles growth, which offers unique advantages as a medium in applications of both spectroscopy and nanostructures formation. By sequentially adding NaCl and water molecules, the dissolution process of NaCl in water can be experimentally studied for the first time. This is achieved by recording the infra-red spectra of NaCl(H2O)n (1 ≤ n ≤ 7) complexes in O-H stretching region in combination with ab initio calculations. In particular, two bands have been assigned to dissolution of NaCl in water. The existence of quantum vortices in helium droplets has been firmly evident from spherical Ag nanoparticles formed in a chain. Quantum vortices provide a new route for the formation of one-dimensional nanostructures, which has been exploited in the fabrication of novel nanowires. Finally the pioneering work on the fabrication of both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic nanomaterials is reported for the first time, taking Cr and Ni as examples respectively. It is found that we can force ferromagnetic ordering in magnetic materials in superfluid helium. In particular, antiferromagnetic chromium has been discovered to convert to ferromagnetic, and the magnetism of ferromagnetic materials can have hugely enhanced magnetic moments that are close to the theoretical limit. This will have potential for applications in biomedical science, data storage and energy efficient technologies in the longer term.
Thermoregulatory effects of caffeine ingestion during rest and exercise in men

Body temperatures and thermoregulatory responses were measured at rest and during submaximal exercise under normal ambient conditions in 11 aerobically-conditioned men (age = 29.2 +/- 6.2 yr, VO2(max) = 3.73 +/- 0.46 min(sup -1), relative body fat = 12.3 +/- 3.7 percent, mean +/- SD) with (CT) and without (NCT) the ingestion of 10 mg of caffeine per kg of body weight. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and rectal (T(sub re)) and mean skin (T-bar(sub sk)) temperatures were recorded for 100 minutes starting one minute after ingestion of caffeine or a placebo. Data were collected throughout 30 minutes of rest (sitting) and the following 70 minutes of sitting leg ergometer exercise using the same constant load (1,088 +/- 153 kgm/min) in both NCT and CT. The load resulted in a mean relative exercise intensity equal to approximately 68 percent of VO2(sub max). Skin heat conductance (H(sub sk)) and sweat rate were calculated. Two-way analysis of covariance revealed no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences between NCT and CT in VO2, HR, T(sub re), T-bar(sub sk), or H(sub sk). A dependent t-test indicated no significant difference between NCT and CT in sweat rate. Thus, a high level of caffeine ingestion has no detrimental effects on body temperatures and thermoregulatory responses during moderately heavy exercise in normal ambient conditions.
Evaluation of phytochemical screening & extraction of lycopene from Citrullus lanatus by using column chromatography

The present study focused on the phytochemical constituents, isolation of lycopene of the Citrullus lanatusis fruits which were collected from the local market in around sulur area, India. The phytochemical analysis of fruit extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids and flavonoids in the extract. The isolation of lycopene were quantified by using column chromatography that depicted (lycopene - 68.0285 mg/k fresh wt) respectively. Consequently, the watermelon proved as a good source of antioxidant, could be used as a raw material in drug formulation.
Occurrence and Distribution of Microbiological Indicators in Groundwater and Stream Water

A total of 136 stream water and 143 groundwater samples collected in five important hydrologic systems of the United States were analyzed for microbiological indicators to test monitoring concepts in a nationally consistent program. Total coliforms were found in 99%, Escherichia coli in 97%, and Clostridium perfringens in 73% of stream water samples analyzed for each bacterium. Total coliforms were found in 20%, E. coli in less than 1%, and C. perfringens in none of the groundwater samples analyzed for each bacterium. Although coliphage analyses were performed on many of the samples, contamination in the laboratory and problems discerning discrete plaques precluded quantification. Land use was found to have the most significant effect on concentrations of bacterial indicators in stream water. Presence of septic systems on the property near the sampling site and well depth were found to be related to detection of coliforms in groundwater, although these relationships were not statistically significant. A greater diversity of sites, more detailed information about some factors, and a larger dataset may provide further insight to factors that affect microbiological indicators.
Influence of iron on defect concentrations and device performance for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on stainless steel substrates

Thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells deposited on flexible steel foil substrates by coevaporation are investigated. Iron diffusion from the steel foil substrate material into the CIGSe absorber layers is studied by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) for different maximum absorber growth temperatures and solar cell back‐contact configurations. The optimization of the absorber growth temperature, the introduction of a diffusion barrier layer at the back contact, and the adjustment of the sodium doping lead to device efficiencies above 14%. Defect spectroscopy by means of admittance measurements shows a clear correlation of the deep defect concentration with the Fe content in the CIGSe absorber layer and a correlation between the sodium incorporation and the net carrier concentration. It is found that too much Na supports the diffusion of Fe, inducing an increased deep defect concentration. The Fe‐induced deep defects, which form a broad acceptor‐type defect band at 0.44 eV above the valence band maximum, are identified as the cause of bulk recombination, limiting the device performance in these solar cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chlorin e6 sensitized photovoltaic cells: effect of co-adsorbents on cell performance, charge transfer resistance, and charge recombination dynamics

Abstract. The effect of dye-aggregation-preventing co-adsorbents, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid, on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells constructed using a metal-free sensitizer, chlorin e6 adsorbed onto TiO2 surface is investigated. Absorption and fluorescence studies of chlorin e6 provided the spectral coverage, whereas electrochemical studies allowed estimation of the free energy of charge injection. B3LYP/6-31G* studies were performed to visualize location of the Frontier orbitals and their contribution to the charge injection when they were surface-modified on TiO2. The concentration of the co-adsorbent and soaking time was optimized for improved cell performance. Better dye regeneration efficiency for co-adsorbed cells compared to the cells with no co-adsorbent was revealed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Femtosecond transient absorption studies were performed to probe the kinetics of charge injection and charge recombination on the TiO2/chlorin e6/co-adsorbent electrodes. Such studies showed slower by an order of magnitude charge recombination rates for electrodes co-adsorbed either with cholic acid or deoxycholic acid while maintaining almost the same charge injection rates, thus rationalizing the importance of co-adsorbents on the overall cell performance.
Hypertension And Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Enzyme Activity

Abstract We planned to investigate the association of enzyme activities of MMP-9 in essential hypertensive patients. For this reason, 120 patients with hypertension and 54 control group recruited in this study. Serum MMP-9 enzyme level determinated from these peripheral blood samples by using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. (ELISA) The results were evaluated by using statistical analyses. The enzyme activity of MMP-9 increased in patients. Finally, we can say that determining of MMP-9 enzyme levels is effective on the hypertension
The structures, electron affinities, and energetic stabilities of TiOn and TiOn− (n=1–3)

By use of density functional and coupled cluster methods, we report energetic and structural information concerning the ground states of TiOn and TiOn− (n=1–3), much of which has not previously been observed experimentally or predicted theoretically. This study establishes the following geometrical symmetries and electronic ground states: X 1A′ TiO3 (Cs), X 2A2′ or 2B2 TiO3− (D3h or C2v), and X 2A1 TiO2− (C2v). In addition, the electronic ground state of TiO− is established as 2Δ, arising from the 9σ21δ configuration. This finding is contrary to the suggestion of Wu and Wang, contained in their report of recent photoelectron experiments, that ground state TiO− has a 9σ1δ2 electronic configuration and 4Σ− symmetry. The ground state minimum-energy structure for TiO3− contains no oxygen–oxygen bonds and has D3h or C2v symmetry. The first theoretical adiabatic electron affinities, as predicted by the CCSD(T)//B3LYP level of theory, for TiO, TiO2, and TiO3 are 1.25 eV, 1.60 eV, and 3.34 eV, while Wu and Wan.
Biomineralisation of azo dyes and their breakdown products in anaerobic-aerobic hybrid and UASB reactors

Batch toxicity and biodegradability of two azo dyes (Siriusgelb and Siriuslichtbraun) has been investigated. It was found that the former azo dye was significantly less toxic to methanogenic sludge than the latter one (IC 50 are equal to 3.55 and 0.41 g COD/l, respectively). Neither of the azo dyes was biodegradable under aerobic conditions but both dyes were readily decolourised and slowly mineralised in anaerobic environments. In order to optimise the treatment strategy, the anaerobic and aerobic phases were combined into one single unit called the anaerobic-aerobic hybrid reactor. The performance of this innovative reactor was tested with a synthetic wastewater containing Siriusgelb and ethanol at 30°C and 56% removal of azo dye COD was achieved at volumetric load of 0.3 g azo dye COD/l/day. The effluent COD content could be attributed to the presence of non-biodegradable autooxidation products of Siriusgelb breakdown intermediates. A continuous biomineralisation of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-ABA) – intermediate of the anaerobic decomposition of Siriuslichtbraun – was studied in a UASB reactor at 30°C. A high (>90%) removal of 2-ABA was achieved under volumetric loads of 1.5 g 2-ABA COD/l/day. However, a further increase in volumetric load led to a decrease in 2-ABA removal, probably due to low attachment ability of the bacteria responsible for primary decomposition of 2-ABA.
Physiological Responses to Acute Exercise-Heat Stress

Abstract : Human body temperature is regulated by a proportionate control system. It is nuclear however, which internal body temperature is regulated by the control of the thermoregulatory effector responses of skin blood flow and sweating. The core temperature increases during exercise as a result of a 'load error' and not a change in the regulated set-point temperature. During exercise the magnitude of core temperature elevation at steady-state is proportional to the metabolic rate and is largely independent of the environmental condition. However, dependent upon the environmental conditions the relative contributions of sensible (radiative and convective) and insensible (evaporative) heat exchange to the total heat loss will vary. The hotter the environment the greater the dependence on insensible heat loss. During exercise in the heat, the primary problem is to simultaneously provide the cardiovascular support to maintain the metabolism for skeletal muscle contraction and to dissipate the associated heat release. In hot environments, the core to skin temperature gradient is reduced to skin blood flow needs to be relatively high (compared to cooler environments) to achieve heat transfer sufficient for thermal balance. In addition, sweat secretion can result in a reduced plasma (by dehydration) and thus blood volume. Both high skin blood flow and reduced plasma volume can reduce cardiac filling and perhaps cardiac output during exercise in the heat. As a result syncope or reduced exercise performance will occur.
Development of in situ pH sensor using ISFET

The development of in situ chemical sensor plays a key role in understanding of chemical and biological processes in the ocean. The pH of the seawater is the important factor that controls the. The ISFET is a semiconductor that can measure hydrogen ion concentration in aqueous media. We developed the in situ pH sensor that employs the ISFET as a pH electrode, and the Cl-ISE as a reference electrode. The pH sensor has a quick response (within a few second), high accuracy (/spl plusmn/0.005pH) and pressure-resistant performance.