Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethno-Religious Crises and Terrorism as Bane of Economic Development and Good Governance in Contemporary Nigeria

: The history of Nigeria is replete with ethno-religious crises and diverse acts of violence that have characterized its existence as a nation. Nigerian’s crises have taken an exponential dimension, from ethnic clientelistic tendencies to religious bigotry and now the new terrorism-killer herdsmen who go about as armed bandits and are kidnapping for ransom, sacking and uprooting communities, seizing farmlands from the autochthonous occupants who hitherto use to cultivate such farmlands for subsistent and commercial purposes. The main objective of this paper was to examine how ethno-religious crises and terrorism in Nigeria have hampered economic development and good governance and to show how the new terrorism originated, its causes and effects that have retarded economic growth and good governance and advance possible measures that could address the menace of these killer herdsmen/armed bandits. Giving the socio-historical nature of the theme, qualitative research methodology was used. This involved content analyses of available secondary sources and focus group discussions. From the data collection and technique of data analysis, the researchers were inspired to anchor the research on the attachment theory. From the non-statistical data gotten through personal communication and in various focus group discussions, the results revealed the starkest truths. It was revealed that religious fundamentalist jihadists lack childhood attachment to good parental upbringing, thus lending credence to the attachment theory discussed in the paper. The study also revealed that these jihadists have over the years been planning to overthrow the secular Nigerian government and that these new religious expantionists are bent on Islamizing the Nigerian state and that as conquering and apocalyptic warriors, they have links with other Fulani who share same Fulanization ideology and vow to enshrine Sharia law at whatever cost-including meaningful economic development and good governance. The paper concluded and recommended among other things that the restructuring of the Nigerian state to reflect true federalism is one of the surest ways of arresting the present insecurity situation in Nigeria.
Stability of liquid crystal micro-droplets based optical microresonators

ABSTRACT Liquid crystal (LC) based tuneable optical microresonators are potential for being used as crucial components in photonic devices. In this article, we report experimental studies on LC micro-droplets dispersed in several dispersing media. We find that the size of the micro-droplets formed in a low refractive index and optically transparent perfluoropolymer are most stable with time than commonly used dispersing media. Using a negative dielectric anisotropy nematic liquid crystal, we show that the whispering gallery mode optical resonance properties such as the quality factor and the free spectral range of stable micro-droplets are independent of the strength of the applied electric field. The optical resonance properties under applied field are significantly different than that of the liquid crystals with positive dielectric anisotropy and are explained based on the elastic deformation of the micro-droplets. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Karakteristik Risiko Kesehatan Non Karsinogen Pada Remaja Siswa Akibat Pajanan Inhalasi Debu Particulate Matter <2,5 (PM2,5)

Peningkatan kendaraan transportasi menyebabkan pencemaran udara. PM 2,5 polutan utama memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap kesehatan non karsinogen. Kondisi cekungan Bandung menyebabkan polutan terperangkap karena penyebaran polutan terhambat. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis risiko kesehatan pada remaja siswa SMPN 16 Bandung akibat pajanan inhalasi PM 2,5 di lingkungan sekolah. Desain studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Pengukuran konsentrasi PM 2,5 dilakukan pada 10 titik menggunakan Haz Dust EPAM 5000. Sampel siswa kelas VIII sebanyak 66 siswa yang dipilih secara acak. Rata-rata konsentrasi PM2,5 sebesar (29,34 µg/m3), masih di bawah nilai baku mutu menurut PP Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 (65 µg/Nm3). Adanya peningkatan Intake realtime , 3 tahun dan 12 tahun secara berturut-turut 7.53x10 -5 , 1.25x10 -4 , 5.02x10 -4 mg/kg/hari. Intake PM 2,5 tinggi pada siswa dengan berat badan rendah dibandingkan dengan siswa dengan berat badan yang besar. Estimasi risiko kesehatan dinyatakan sebagai risk quotient (RQ) yang dihitung dari rata-rata intake pajanan PM 2,5 terhadap siswa dan dosis referensi ( RfC), RQ>1 menunjukkan risiko perlu dikendalikan. Hasil analisis dengan durasi pajanan realtime, 3 tahun, dan 12 tahun menunjukkan batas aman terhadap pajanan PM 2,5 (RQ < 1). Secara keseluruhan siswa kelas VIII tidak berisiko terhadap pajanan inhlasi PM 2,5 di Lingkungan sekolah.
Formation and Evolution of Rayleigh-Bénard Streaks in Rotating Cavities

This paper presents numerical investigation into the phenomena of so-called Rayleigh-Bénard streaks inside rotating-cavities. Experimental data from the University of Sussex Multiple Cavity Rig (MCR) has been used as boundary conditions for Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) calculation using the k-ω SST turbulence model on a three cavity model of the MCR. A four-point validation is presented using comparison to experimental and historical data sets and shows encouraging agreement. The Rayleigh-Bénard streaks develop along the periphery of the rotating cavity (shroud) and are only associated with flow involved in cyclonic circulation due to the circumferential pressure gradient. These streaks modify the local Nusselt number by as much as 40% above the surface average and, given the contribution of the shroud to the total heat transfer, upwards of 60%, may be a significant factor in further work concerning rotating cavities in aero-engines. However experimental confirmation is required to ratify the existence of the structures.
On Causal Discovery With Convergent Cross Mapping

Convergent cross mapping is a principled causal discovery technique for signals, but its efficacy depends on a number of assumptions about the systems that generated the signals. In this work, we present a self-contained introduction to the theory of causality in state-spaces, Takens' theorem, and cross maps, and we propose conditions to check if a signal is appropriate for cross mapping. Further, we propose simple analyses based on Gaussian processes to test for these conditions in data. We show that our proposed techniques detect when convergent cross mapping may conclude erroneous results using several examples from the literature, and we comment on other considerations that are important when applying methods such as convergent cross mapping.
The Effect of Counterstereotypic Gender Strategies on Candidate Evaluations in American Elections

Abstract Women who ran for office in 2018 used a variety of strategies on the campaign trail, with some highlighting more masculine traits and others more feminine traits, but the latter was more common than in prior years. We ask how effective these strategies are for trait evaluations, perceptions of leadership and competence, likeability, and vote choice and how this effect varies based on respondent’s views about the role of women in society. To explore these relationships, we use data from a two-wave panel conducted in the winter of 2019. Results from our experiment show that female candidates who highlight more masculine traits are perceived as more agentic, less communal, and more competent, and, importantly, they do not appear to suffer from a backlash effect. Those higher in sexism also evaluate women who display these qualities as more competent, though as less warm and likable.
Impact of Women Borrowers Culture on the Financial Efficiency of Microfinance Institutions in ASEAN-4 Countries

This paper examines the impact of women borrowers' culture on the financial efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs) between the years 2011 to 2019. The sample data consisted of 90 MFIs from ASEAN-4 countries. As the first stage analysis, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was employed to determine the score of financial efficiency for the MFIs. In the second stage, Multivariate Panel Regression Analysis were used to examine the impact of women borrower on the level of financial efficiency of the MFIs. The findings reveal that Cambodia has the highest financial efficiency score in ASEAN 4. This indicates that the MFIs in Cambodia are sustainable in providing financial services to the poor in the long run. Moreover, the findings also found a positive relationship between women borrowers culture and the efficiency of the MFIs, which implies that women borrowers reduce the risk of default, thus confirming that women have better loan repayment rates than male borrowers. The outputs from this study provide new insights for the stakeholder of the MFIs as well as policymakers to develop a strategy in order to promote the continuous development of the MFIs.
Epigaeic invertebrate diversity of post‐mining revegetation evaluated by comparison with adjacent remnant woodlands

This study evaluated the validity of invertebrate diversity for evaluating the condition of minesite rehabilitation. Because the aim of rehabilitation of mined lands in this region is to establish a self‐sustaining ecosystem that resembles “bushland,” a variety of remnant woodlands in the vicinity of the minesite were selected as reference sites. Reference sites encompassed a range of soil types (alluvial, coarse‐textured, or clay) and understorey structural types (grassy, grass, and shrub or shrubby). Grassland sites (cleared woodlands) were also sampled to provide a negative control. Epigaeic invertebrates of three rehabilitation sites were compared with five reference sites and three grassland sites using pitfall traps over 6 years. Sites were sampled annually and the annual data within each of two time periods (T1: 2008–2010 and T2: 2011–2013) were pooled. Ants, beetles, and springtails were identified as morphospecies, providing site species richness and composition data. Springtail metrics of all three habitats, reference, rehabilitation, and grassland, resembled each other in T1 as well as T2, indicating that rehabilitation rapidly provided suitable conditions for this group. In contrast, the ant and beetle composition of rehabilitation sites differed significantly from that of reference sites in T1 but not T2, although only ants matched the expected negative control with grassland sites remaining distinct from reference sites in both time periods. Thus, ant assemblages of rehabilitation sites show a positive trajectory toward native woodlands and away from grasslands. These findings demonstrate that rehabilitation sites are developing diverse invertebrate assemblages comparable to local remnant woodlands in relatively short time frames.
An Integrated Method for Factor Number Selection of PMF Model: Case Study on Source Apportionment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds in Wuhan

The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model is widely used for source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The question about how to select the proper number of factors, however, is rarely studied. In this study, an integrated method to determine the most appropriate number of sources was developed and its application was demonstrated by case study in Wuhan. The concentrations of 103 ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured intensively using online gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) during spring 2014 in an urban residential area of Wuhan, China. During the measurement period, the average temperature was approximately 25 °C with very little domestic heating and cooling. The concentrations of the most abundant VOCs (ethane, ethylene, propane, acetylene, n-butane, benzene, and toluene) in Wuhan were comparable to other studies in urban areas in China and other countries. The newly developed integrated method to determine the most appropriate number of sources is in combination of a fixed minimum threshold value for the correlation coefficient, the average weighted correlation coefficient of each species, and the normalized minimum error. Seven sources were identified by using the integrated method, and they were vehicular emissions (45.4%), industrial emissions (22.5%), combustion of coal (14.7%), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (9.7%), industrial solvents (4.4%), and pesticides (3.3%) and refrigerants. The orientations of emission sources have been characterized taking into account the frequency of wind directions and contributions of sources in each wind direction for the measurement period. It has been concluded that the vehicle exhaust contribution is greater than 40% distributed in all directions, whereas industrial emissions are mainly attributed to the west southwest and south southwest.
A versatile taxonomy of low-dimensional vortex models for unsteady aerodynamics

Inviscid vortex models have been demonstrated to capture the essential physics of massively separated flows past aerodynamic surfaces, but they become computationally expensive as coherent vortex structures are formed and the wake is developed. In this work, we present a two-dimensional vortex model in which vortex sheets represent shear layers that separate from sharp edges of the body and point vortices represent the rolled-up cores of these shear layers and the other coherent vortices in the wake. We develop a circulation transfer procedure that enables each vortex sheet to feed its circulation into a point vortex instead of rolling up. This procedure reduces the number of computational elements required to capture the dynamics of vortex formation while eliminating the spurious force that manifests when transferring circulation between vortex elements. By tuning the rate at which the vortex sheets are siphoned into the point vortices, we can adjust the balance between the model’s dimensionality and dynamical richness, enabling it to span the entire taxonomy of inviscid vortex models. This hybrid model can capture the development and subsequent shedding of the starting vortices with insignificant wall-clock time and remain sufficiently low-dimensional to simulate long-time-horizon events such as periodic bluff-body shedding. We demonstrate the viability of the method by modelling the impulsive translation of a wing at various fixed angles of attack, pitch-up manoeuvres that linearly increase the angle of attack from $0^{\circ }$ to $90^{\circ }$ , and oscillatory pitching and heaving. We show that the proposed model correctly predicts the dynamics of large-scale vortical structures in the flow by comparing the distributions of vorticity and force responses from results of the proposed model with a model using only vortex sheets and, in some cases, high-fidelity viscous simulation.
Invariant means related to classical weighted means

Let At, Ht, and Gt denote, respectively, the two-variable weighted arithmetic, harmonic and geometric means with the weight t ∈ (0, 1). Fixing arbitrarily s, t ∈ (0, 1), and choosing for K one of these three means of weight s, and for M another mean of weight t, we examine when the function N satisfying the equality K◦(M,N)=K is a mean, that is when the mean K is (M,N)-invariant. The convergence of the iterates of (M,N) is considered. The obtained results are applied to find the invariant functions with respect to the suitable mean-type mappings.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF A FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION OF RAMIPRIL/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN THE GULF REGION: RESULTS FROM THE PACHA REGISTRY.

Mohammed Qurtom 1 , Rizan Amaneddine 2 and Salwa Abdelzaher Mabrouk Ibrahim 3 . 1. Consultant Internist in Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait 2. Medical Manager, Sanofi Gulf Affiliate, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. 3. Consultant Physician, Thumbay Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
The Acoustic Cues of Fear: Investigation of Acoustic Parameters of Speech Containing Fear

Speech emotion recognition is an important part of human-machine interaction studies. The acoustic analysis method is used for emotion recognition through speech. An emotion does not cause changes on all acoustic parameters. Rather, the acoustic parameters affected by emotion vary depending on the emotion type. In this context, the emotion-based variability of acoustic parameters is still a current field of study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the acoustic parameters that fear affects and the extent of their influence. For this purpose, various acoustic parameters were obtained from speech records containing fear and neutral emotions. The change according to the emotional states of these parameters was analyzed using statistical methods, and the parameters and the degree of influence that the fear emotion affected were determined. According to the results obtained, the majority of acoustic parameters that fear affects vary according to the used data. However, it has been demonstrated that formant frequencies, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, and jitter parameters can define the fear emotion independent of the data used.
Disruption prediction investigations using Machine Learning tools on DIII-D and Alcator C-Mod

Using data-driven methodology, we exploit the time series of relevant plasma parameters for a large set of disrupted and non-disrupted discharges to develop a classification algorithm for detecting disruptive phases in shots that eventually disrupt. Comparing the same methodology on different devices is crucial in order to have information on the portability of the developed algorithm and the possible extrapolation to ITER. Therefore, we use data from two very different tokamaks, DIII-D and Alcator C-Mod. We focus on a subset of disruption predictors, most of which are dimensionless and/or machine-independent parameters, coming from both plasma diagnostics and equilibrium reconstructions, such as the normalized plasma internal inductance ℓi and the n = 1 mode amplitude normalized to the toroidal magnetic field. Using such dimensionless indicators facilitates a more direct comparison between DIII-D and C-Mod. We then choose a shallow Machine Learning technique, called Random Forests, to explore the databases available for the two devices. We show results from the classification task, where we introduce a time dependency through the definition of class labels on the basis of the elapsed time before the disruption (i.e. ‘far from a disruption’ and ‘close to a disruption’). The performances of the different Random Forest classifiers are discussed in terms of several metrics, by showing the number of successfully detected samples, as well as the misclassifications. The overall model accuracies are above 97% when identifying a ‘far from disruption’ and a ‘disruptive’ phase for disrupted discharges. Nevertheless, the Forests are intrinsically different in their capability of predicting a disruptive behavior, with C-Mod predictions comparable to random guesses. Indeed, we show that C-Mod recall index, i.e. the sensitivity to a disruptive behavior, is as low as 0.47, while DIII-D recall is ∼0.72. The portability of the developed algorithm is also tested across the two devices, by using DIII-D data for training the forests and C-Mod for testing and vice versa.
Numerical simulations of thermal convection on a hemisphere

In this paper we present numerical simulations of two-dimensional turbulent convection on a hemisphere. Recent experiments on a half soap bubble located on a heated plate have shown that such a configuration is ideal for studying thermal convection on a curved surface. Thermal convection and fluid flows on curved surfaces are relevant to a variety of situations, notably for simulating atmospheric and geophysical flows. As in experiments, our simulations show that the gradient of temperature between the base and the top of the hemisphere generates thermal plumes at the base that move up from near the equator to the pole. The movement of these plumes gives rise to a two-dimensional turbulent thermal convective flow. Our simulations turn out to be in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiments and show strong similarities with Rayleigh-Benard convection in classical cells where a fluid is heated from below and cooled from above. To compare to results obtained in classical Rayleigh-Benard convection in standard three-dimensional cells (rectangular or cylindrical), a Nusselt number adapted to our geometry and a Reynolds number are calculated as a function of the Rayleigh number. We find that the Nusselt and Reynolds numbers verify scaling laws consistent with turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection: Nu ∝ Ra 0.31 and Re ∝ Ra 1/2. Further, a Bolgiano regime is found with the Bolgiano scale scaling as Ra −1/4. All these elements show that despite the significant differences in geometry between our simulations and classical 3D cells, the scaling laws of thermal convection are robust.
Inequivalent Representation of Canonical Commutation Relations in Relation to Casimir Effect

It is shown that an irreducible representation of the CCR over a dense subspace of a boson Fock space is associated with a quantum system whose space conﬁguration may give rise to Casimir eﬀect in the context of a quantum scalar ﬁeld and that it is inequivalent to the Fock representation of the same CCR. A quantum scalar ﬁeld is constructed from the representation. A new feature of the analysis is to treat a singular Bogoliubov transformation, which is diﬀerent from the usual bosonic Bogoliubov transformation and from which the inequivalent irreducible representation of the CCR is constructed.
Human Resources for Health in Conflict Affected Settings: A Scoping Review of Recent Evidence

Background: Conflict has devastating effects on health systems, especially on health care workers (HCWs) working in under-resourced and hostile environments. However, little evidence is available on how policymakers, often together with development partners, can optimize the organization of the health workforce and support HCWs to deliver accessible and trustworthy health services in conflict-affected settings (CAS). Methods: A scoping review was conducted to review the recent evidence (2016-2021) on human resources for health (HRH) in CAS, and critically discuss HRH challenges in these settings. Twenty-four studies were included in the review and results were presented using an adapted version of the health labour market framework. Results: Evidence from CAS highlights that conflict causes specific constraints in both the education sector and in the health labour market, and deepens any existing disconnect between those sectors. While the symptoms of these disconnects bear close resemblance to those in many other low- and middle-income countries, the unique set of societal drivers of conflict, governance dynamics and institutional constraints in CAS ‘multiply’ negative effects on the health workforce. Parallel and inadequate education and performance management systems, attacks on health facilities, and increased workload and stress, amongst other factors, affect HCW motivation, performance, distribution and attrition. Short-term, narrowly focused policy-making also undermines the long-term sustainability and resilience of the health workforce in CAS
Groups in which all subgroups of infinite special rank have bounded near defect

Abstract If G is a group with subgroup H and n, m are two fixed non-negative integers, we say that H is (n, m)-subnormal in G if there is a subgroup H0 containing H such that and H0 is subnormal in G with subnormal defect at most m. We define S(n, m) to be the class of all groups of infinite special rank (and the trivial groups) whose subgroups of infinite special rank are (n, m)-subnormal in G. In this paper, we show that S(n, m)-groups are finite-by-nilpotent, in a large class of locally graded groups.