Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Giant Uniaxial Anisotropy in the Magnetic and Transport Properties of CePd5Al2

Electrical resistivity � , magnetic susceptibility � , magnetization M, and specific heat measurements are reported on a singlecrystalline sample of CePd5Al2, showing successive antiferromagnetic orderings at TN1 ¼ 4:1 K and TN2 ¼ 2:9 K. The temperature dependence ofshows a Kondo metal behavior with large anisotropy, � c=� a ¼ 3:2 at 20 K, and opening of a superzone gap along the tetragonal c-direction below TN1. Both TN1 and TN2 gradually increase with applying pressure up to 2.5 GPa. The data of � ðTÞ and MðBÞ in the paramagnetic state were analyzed using a crystalline electric field (CEF) model. It led to a Kramers doublet ground state with wave functions consisting primarily of j� 5=2i, whose energy level is isolated from the excited states by 230 and 300 K. This CEF effect gives rise to the large anisotropy in the paramagnetic state. In the ordered state, the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is manifested as Mc=Ma ¼ 20 in B ¼ 5 T and at 1.9 K, andc=� a ¼ 25 in B ¼ 0:1 T and at 4 K. In powder neutron diffraction experiments, magnetic reflections were observed owing to the antiferromagnetic ordered states below TN1, whereas no additional reflection was found below TN2.
Pr\'esentation des groupes de tresses purs et de certaines de leurs extensions

This paper dates back to 1999 but was never published. The major part of it was included in the joint paper [Digne-Gomi, Presentation of pure braid groups, J. Knot Theory and its Ramifications 10 (2001) 609--623]. Sections 2 and 6 were not included there. They are independent from the rest of the paper. In section 2 we define a morphism from a braid group B associated to a Coxeter Group W to the semi-direct product of ZT (where T is the set of reflections) by W. This morphism lifts the map N from W to (Z/2Z)T defined by Dyer in [Reflection subgroups of Coxeter systems, J. Algebra 135 (1990) 57--73] and its restriction to the pure braid group P identifies with the abelianization morphism. In section 6 we prove that our morphism gives the cocycle associated to the extension B/(P,P) of W by P/(P,P). This extension has been studied recently by Beck [Abelianization of subgroups of reflection groups and their braid groups: an application to cohomology. Manuscripta Math. 136 (2011) 273--293] and by Marin [Reflection groups acting on their hyperplanes J. Algebra 322 (2009) 2848--2860] and [Crystallographic groups and flat manifolds from complex reflection groups, arXiv 1509.06213].
An online parameter identification method for time dependent partial differential equations

Online parameter identification is of importance, e.g., for model predictive control. Since the parameters have to be identified simultaneously to the process of the modeled system, dynamical update laws are used for state and parameter estimates. Most of the existing methods for infinite dimensional systems either impose strong assumptions on the model or cannot handle partial observations. Therefore we propose and analyse an online parameter identification method that is less restrictive concerning the underlying model and allows for partial observations and noisy data. The performance of our approach is illustrated by some numerical experiments.
Tail asymptotic of Weibull-type risks

With motivation from Arendarczyk and De¸bicki [Asymptotics of supremum distribution of a Gaussian process over a Weibullian time. Bernoulli. 2011;17:194–210], in this paper we derive the tail asymptotics of the product of two dependent Weibull-type risks, which is of interest in various statistical and applied probability problems. Our results extend some recent findings of Schlueter and Fischer [The weak tail dependence coefficient of the elliptical generalized hyperbolic distribution. Extremes. 2012;15:159–174] and Bose et al. [Product of exponentials and spectral radius of random k circulants. Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincare Probabilites et Statistiques. 2012;48:424–443].
Risk Factors for Suicide among Older People and its Prevention: a Brief Review

: Specific risk factors of suicide among elderly people have been reported in the literature, e.g. morbid ideas, prior attempted suicide, physical or mental illnesses, difficult socio-economic contexts such as loneliness. Morbid ideas: the prevalence of suicidal thoughts in the elderly varies between 1.0% and 17% depending on definition criteria and studies. Attempted suicide: The ratio of suicide attempts to successful suicides in the elderly is 4: 1. Physical ailments: More than 50% suffer from physical impairments or serious somatic diseases. Mental illness: Up to 80% suffer from severe depression or mood disorders. Difficult socioeconomic contexts: social isolation/loneliness, family discord or financial difficulties increase the risk of suicide. Several preventive approaches show some effectiveness, be it universal prevention targeting the whole population, selective prevention centred on high risk groups or indicated prevention specifically targeting survivors of suicide attempt. Key to most approaches are training of general practitioners to recognize and treat depression, - improving accessibility to care for people at risk, - and restricting access to means of suicide. Given the complexity of the issue a multi-level and multi-disciplinary approach is recommended by experts, an approach not without limits; which makes some experts say that there is a need for innovations.
The deformation of symplectic critical surfaces in a K\"ahler surface-I

In this paper we derive the Euler-Lagrange equation of the functional $L_\beta=\int_\Sigma\frac{1}{\cos^\beta\alpha}d\mu, ~~\beta\neq -1$ in the class of symplectic surfaces. It is $\cos^3\alpha {\bf{H}}=\beta(J(J\nabla\cos\alpha)^\top)^\bot$, which is an elliptic equation when $\beta\geq 0$. We call such a surface a $\beta$-symplectic critical surface. We first study the properties for each fixed $\beta$-symplectic critical surface and then prove that the set of $\beta$ where there is a stable $\beta$-symplectic critical surface is open. We believe it should be also closed. As a precise example, we study rotationally symmetric $\beta$-symplectic critical surfaces in ${\mathbb C}^2$ carefully .
Boundary Layer Solutions of Charge Conserving Poisson-Boltzmann Equations: One-Dimensional Case

For multispecies ions, we study boundary layer solutions of charge conserving Poisson-Boltzmann (CCPB) equations [50] (with a small parameter \k{o}) over a finite one-dimensional (1D) spatial domain, subjected to Robin type boundary conditions with variable coefficients. Hereafter, 1D boundary layer solutions mean that as \k{o} approaches zero, the profiles of solutions form boundary layers near boundary points and become flat in the interior domain. These solutions are related to electric double layers with many applications in biology and physics. We rigorously prove the asymptotic behaviors of 1D boundary layer solutions at interior and boundary points. The asymptotic limits of the solution values(electric potentials) at interior and boundary points with a potential gap (related to zeta potential) are uniquely determined by explicit nonlinear formulas (cannot be found in classical Poisson-Boltzmann equations) which are solvable by numerical computations.
Sex, Power, and Adolescence: Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Behaviors

Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa have some of the highest rates of intimate partner violence across the globe. This paper evaluates the impact of a randomized controlled trial that offers females a goal setting activity to improve their sexual and reproductive health outcomes and offers their male partners a soccer intervention, which educates and inspires young men to make better sexual and reproductive health choices. Both interventions reduce female reports of intimate partner violence. Impacts are larger among females who were already sexually active at baseline. We develop a model to understand the mechanisms at play. The soccer intervention improves male attitudes around violence and risky sexual behaviors. Females in the goal setting arm take more control of their sexual and reproductive health by exiting violent relationships. Both of these mechanisms drive reductions in IPV.
Magnetic properties and evolution of magnetoresistance effect in Pr 0.75 Na 0.05 K 0.20 Mn 1– x Fe x O 3 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04

Monovalent-doped Pr 0.75 Na 0.05 K 0.20 Mn 1– x Fe x O 3 ( x = 0–0.04) manganites were prepared using conventional solid-state reaction method to study the effect of Fe 3+ substitution on magnetic and electrical properties and magnetoresistance (MR) effect. An X-ray diffraction measurement analysed using the Rietveld refinement method revealed that all the samples crystallised in orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group with a slight increase in unit cell volume from 230.44 ( x = 0) to 231.27 Å ( x = 0.04). Fe substitution at x = 0.02 reduced metal–insulator transition temperature from 122 ( x = 0) to 80 K. At x = 0.04, the sample exhibited insulating properties in the whole measured temperature region, indicating a weakened double exchange mechanism. The decrease of Curie temperature, T C for all samples from 140.73 ( x = 0) to 131.59 K ( x = 0.02) and 126.87 K ( x = 0.04) indicates weakened ferromagnetic interaction between Mn ions, which may be due to competition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interaction in the Fe-substituted samples. The increase in hopping energy is attributed to the reduction of available hopping sites because of the reduction of Mn 3+ concentration due to Fe substitution. Fe substitution improved intrinsic MR as evidenced by the increase of MR peak value from 22 to 40% for x = 0 and x = 0.02, respectively, while high concentration of Fe at x = 0.04 increased the extrinsic MR effect. The findings indicate that the MR behaviour can be tuned from intrinsic to extrinsic MR because of Fe substitution at the Mn site. Graphical abstract
Expansion and Intensification of the North American Monsoon During the Pliocene

Southwestern North America (SWNA), like many subtropical regions, is predicted to become drier in response to anthropogenic warming. However, during the Pliocene, when carbon dioxide was above pre‐industrial levels, multiple lines of evidence suggest that SWNA was much wetter. While existing explanations for a wet Pliocene invoke increases in winter rain, recent modeling studies hypothesize that summer rain may have also played an important role. Here, we present the first direct evidence for an intensified mid‐Pliocene monsoon in SWNA using leaf wax hydrogen isotopes. These new records provide evidence that the mid‐Pliocene featured an intensified and expanded North American Monsoon. Using proxies and isotope‐enabled model simulations, we show that monsoon intensification is linked to amplified warming on the southern California margin relative to the tropical Pacific. This mechanism has clear relevance for understanding present‐day monsoon variations, since we show that intervals of amplified subtropical warming on the California margin, as are seen during modern California margin heat waves, are associated with a stronger monsoon. Because marine heat waves are predicted to increase in frequency, the future may bring intervals of “Pliocene‐like” rainfall that co‐exist with intensifying megadrought in SWNA, with implications for ecosystems, human infrastructure, and water resources.
Generating functions for K-theoretic Donaldson invariants and Le Potier's strange duality

K-theoretic Donaldson invariants are holomorphic Euler characteristics of determinant line bundles on moduli spaces of sheaves on surfaces. We compute generating functions of K-theoretic Donaldson invariants on the projective plane and rational ruled surfaces. We apply this result to prove some cases of Le Potier's strange duality.
$PI^hD^{n-1}$ synchronization of higher-order nonlinear systems with a recursive Lyapunov approach

This paper investigates the problem of synchronization for nonlinear systems. Following a Lyapunov approach, we firstly study global synchronization of nonlinear systems in canonical control form with both distributed proportional-derivative and proportional-integral-derivative control actions of any order. To do so, we develop a constructive methodology and generate in an iterative way inequality constraints on the coupling matrices which guarantee the solvability of the problem or, in a dual form, provide the nonlinear weights on the coupling links between the agents such that the network synchronizes. The same methodology allows to include a possible distributed integral action of any order to enhance the rejection of heterogeneous disturbances.The considered approach does not require any dynamic cancellation, thus preserving the original nonlinear dynamics of the agents. The results are then extended to linear and nonlinear systems admitting a canonical control transformation. Numerical simulations validate the theoretical results.
Indolepropionic Acid, a Gut Bacteria-Produced Tryptophan Metabolite and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

An intricate relationship between gut microbiota, diet, and the human body has recently been extensively investigated. Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites, especially, tryptophan derivatives, modulate metabolic and immune functions in health and disease. One of the tryptophan derivatives, indolepropionic acid (IPA), is increasingly being studied as a marker for the onset and development of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The IPA levels heavily depend on the diet, particularly dietary fiber, and show huge variations among individuals. We suggest that these variations could partially be explained using genetic variants known to be associated with specific diseases such as T2D. In this narrative review, we elaborate on the beneficial effects of IPA in the mitigation of T2D and NAFLD, and further study the putative interactions between IPA and well-known genetic variants (TCF7L2, FTO, and PPARG), known to be associated with the risk of T2D. We have investigated the long-term preventive value of IPA in the development of T2D in the Finnish prediabetic population and the correlation of IPA with phytosterols in obese individuals from an ongoing Kuopio obesity surgery study. The diversity in IPA-linked mechanisms affecting glucose metabolism and liver fibrosis makes it a unique small metabolite and a promising candidate for the reversal or management of metabolic disorders, mainly T2D and NAFLD.
Skin stretch modulates tactile distance perception without central correction mechanisms.

Tactile distance perception is influenced by stimulus orientation. On the hands or face, effects of orientation may originate from the mostly oval shape of receptive fields (RF) of which the long axis aligns with the proximodistal body axis. As tactile distance estimation relies on the number of RFs between stimuli, their alignment leads to a distortion of perception with distances being perceived as shorter in the proximodistal than the mediolateral body axis. It is however unknown, how physical manipulations such as skin stretch affect distance perception. Participants judged which of two distances aligned with the mediolateral or proximodistal axis on their dorsal dominant hand felt larger in two conditions: without physical manipulation and with proximodistal skin stretch. Distances were perceived shorter in proximodistal direction in both the nonstretch and the stretch condition, which was significantly pronounced in the stretch condition. Skin stretch led to perception of tactile distances as smaller, possibly related to the removal of afferent nerve endings and corresponding somatosensory RFs in the same external reference frame between the two touches. Though skin stretch is represented centrally, our results likely show that no correctional top-down mechanism corrects for skin stretch when estimating tactile distances. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Round surgery and contact structures on 3-manifolds

Contact round surgery of contact 3-manifolds is introduced in this paper. By using this method, an alternative proof of the existence of a contact structure on any closed orientable 3-manifold is given. It is also proved that any contact structure on any closed orientable 3-manifold is constructed from the standard contact structure on the 3-dimensional sphere by contact round surgeries. For the proof, important operations in contact topology, the Lutz twist and the Giroux torsion, are described in terms of contact round surgeries.
A free-boundary problem with moving contact points

This paper concerns the theoretical and numerical analysis of a free boundary problem for the Laplace equation, with a curvature condition on the free boundary. This boundary is described as the graph of a function, and contact angles are imposed at the moving contact points. The equations are set in the framework of classical Sobolev Banach spaces, and existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved via a fixed-point iteration, exploiting a suitably defined lifting operator from the free boundary. The free-boundary function and the bulk solution are approximated by piecewise linear finite elements, and the well-posedness and convergence of the discrete problem are proved. This proof hinges upon a stability result for the Riesz projection onto the discrete space, which is separately proven and has an interest per se.
The degree of the Alexander polynomial is an upper bound for the topological slice genus

We use the famous knot-theoretic consequence of Freedman's disc theorem---knots with trivial Alexander polynomial bound a locally-flat disc in the 4-ball---to prove the following generalization. The degree of the Alexander polynomial of a knot is an upper bound for twice its topological slice genus. We provide examples of knots where this determines the topological slice genus.
On the reduction criterion for random quantum states

In this paper, we study the reduction criterion for detecting entanglement of large dimensional bipartite quantum systems. We first obtain an explicit formula for the moments of a random quantum state to which the reduction criterion has been applied. We show that the empirical eigenvalue distribution of this random matrix converges strongly to a limit that we compute, in three different asymptotic regimes. We then employ tools from free probability theory to study the asymptotic positivity of the reduction operators. Finally, we compare the reduction criterion with other entanglement criteria, via thresholds.
Algebraic chromatic homotopy theory for BP∗BP ‐comodules

In this paper, we study the global structure of an algebraic avatar of the derived category of ind‐coherent sheaves on the moduli stack of formal groups. In analogy with the stable homotopy category, we prove a version of the nilpotence theorem as well as the chromatic convergence theorem, and construct a generalized chromatic spectral sequence. Furthermore, we discuss analogs of the telescope conjecture and chromatic splitting conjecture in this setting, using the local duality techniques established earlier in joint work with Valenzuela.
Embedding distance graphs in finite field vector spaces

We show that large subsets of vector spaces over finite fields determine certain point configurations with prescribed distance structure. More specifically, we consider the complete graph with vertices as the points of $A \subseteq \mathbf{F}_q^d$ and edges assigned the algebraic distance between pairs of vertices. We prove nontrivial results on locating specified subgraphs of maximum vertex degree at most $t$ in dimensions $d \geq 2t$.
Modelling Term Structure Dynamics of Credit Default Swaps

We analyse dynamics and determinants of the term structure for different North American credit default swap (CDS) indices. While previous studies on the determinants of CDS spreads have typically been restricted to five year contracts, we aim to examine the dynamics of the entire term structure by fitting a dynamic semi-parametric factor model (DSFM) to the data. We find that the CDS term structure can be decomposed into two factors, level and slope, that explain a high percentage of the total variation in the term structure. Variations of the level factor can be explained by equity volatility, leverage, and interest rates. The slope factor reflects the overall market environment, and can be related to GDP growth and the slope of the yield curve. We find the CDS term structure for investment grade firms and high risk firms to be upward sloping in a healthy market environment, while it is inverted during more severe market conditions. Interestingly, factors impacting on the CDS term structure do not differ significantly for low-risk and high-risk firms. Our findings provide evidence that the determinants of structural models for credit risk can also be applied to explain shifts in the entire term structure of the CDS market.
Classifying spaces of degenerating mixed Hodge structures, IV: The fundamental diagram

We complete the construction of the fundamental diagram of various partial compactifications of the moduli spaces of mixed Hodge structures with polarized graded quotients. The diagram includes the space of nilpotent orbits, the space of SL(2)-orbits, and the space of Borel--Serre orbits. We give amplifications of this fundamental diagram, and amplify the relations of these spaces. We describe how this work is useful to understand asymptotic behaviors of Beilinson regulators and of local height parings in degeneration. We discuss "mild degenerations" in which regulators converge.
Topological Completeness of the Transfinite Provability Logic

Let $\Lambda$ be an ordinal. The polymodal provability logic GLP$_\Lambda$ contains modalities $\langle\lambda\rangle$ for $\lambda < \Lambda$ intended to capture progressively stronger notions of consistency in mathematical theories. We show GLP$_\Lambda$ is complete with respect to its topological interpretation, where each modality $\langle \xi \rangle$ denotes the derived-set operator in some topology $\mathcal{T}_\xi$. Specifically, for each ordinal $\Lambda$ and any tall-enough scattered space $(X, \tau)$, one defines topologies that are to $\tau$ as 'iterated order topologies' are to the ordinals. We show that, if we restrict the domain of valuations or further refine the topologies, then the logic of the resulting polytopological space is GLP$_\Lambda$.
Equivalent Current Systems of Quiet Ionosphere during the 24th Solar Cycle Derived from the Geomagnetic Records in China

External and internal equivalent current systems of solar quiet (Sq) were obtained using the spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) method with a “mirror” technique based on geomagnetic records from 46 stations in China during 2008–2019. It is the first attempt to investigate Sq currents using so many stations in the China region for a long period. On the basis of criterion Kp ≤ 2+, geomagnetic vector data were selected to represent monthly Sq variations. After calculating the equivalent currents for each month and each Lloyd season, Sq variation was analyzed in relation to the solar cycle and season. The intensities of both external and internal Sq currents were found consistent with solar activity for the same month or season, while the positions of the current foci were evidently unaffected by solar activity. The intensities of Sq currents also exhibited primary semiannual (annual) variation in the periods of high (low) solar activity. The latitude of the internal current vortex showed evident seasonal variation in Lloyd seasons with high (low) values in the D (J) season, while the external current vortex exhibited no obvious seasonal variation. The strongest correlation between external and internal foci was found in D season, and the internal current foci usually appeared 20–40 min earlier than the external ones. Owing to the complex mechanisms behind Sq variation, some findings will need further analysis in the future.