Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pareto-Superiority of Corporate Social Responsibility in Unionised Industries

Economists believe that a firm’s engagement in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is motivated by objectives beyond increasing profits. Using a duopoly framework with convex technology and an industry-wide union-setting wage at the central level, this work shows that, when owners cooperatively select a level of CSR engagement, profits under CSR are higher than under standard profit maximisation; thus, the simple self-interest of firms’ owners leads to the adoption of CSR. Moreover, the union, consumers, and the overall social welfare in the presence of CSR activities are higher than without CSR. As such, the social concerns of firms’ owners yield a Pareto-superior outcome. JEL: J51, L13, M14
Bureaucratic culture, empowering leadership, affective commitment, and knowledge sharing behavior in Indonesian government public services

Abstract This paper aims to clarify the relationship among bureaucratic culture, empowering leadership, knowledge sharing behavior and affective commitment in the Indonesian public sector organizations. A total of 371 respondents from eleven local government public service institutions participated in this research. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for model testing. The results of this study indicate that bureaucratic culture has a negative and significant relationship with empowering leadership and affective commitment. Empowering leadership has a positive and significant impact on knowledge sharing behavior and affective commitment, and also mediated the relationship between bureaucratic culture with knowledge sharing behavior and affective commitment. The direct relationship between bureaucratic culture and knowledge sharing behavior proved insignificant, however, indirectly proved significant via empowering leadership. The tests of such relationship are expected to contribute to the theory and practice of the government sector.
The Investigation of the Muscle Timing of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Agonist and Antagonist Muscles in Athletes with Hyper Pronated Feet

Aims: The aim of this research was to investigate the timing factors of ACL agonist and antagonist muscles in athletes with ankle pronation deformity. Method: In the present research, 15 athletes with an increased pronation of ankle and 15 normal athletes were purposefully selected. Electromyographic signals were recorded by using surface electrode from four muscles (rectus femoris, medial hamstring, lateral hamstring, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and Medial gastrocnemius). The MANOVA method was used as a statistical analysis to investigate muscle timing of jump-landing between the two groups. Results: Results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in muscle timing of rectus femoris (p=0/007) and vastus lateralis (p=0/002). There is also no significant difference between the muscle timing of the other muscles of the two groups (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Increased pronation of the ankle along with change in muscle timing of rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles can be a risk factor in ACL injury incidences.
PENGARUH RETURN ON EQUITY DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO TERHADAP PRICE EARNING RATIO PADA PERUSAHAAN ROKOK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) PERIODE 2012-2016

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Return On Equity (ROE) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) terhadap Price Earning Ratio (PER) pada Perusahaan Rokok yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah model regresi linier berganda. Dengan menggunakan data sekunder Perusahaan Rokok yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Dan didapatkan 20 sampel dari 4 perusahaan dan masing-masing selama 5 tahun yaitu tahun 2012 sampai dengan 2016 yang diperoleh dari Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Return On Equity (ROE) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Price Earning Ratio (PER) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap Price Earning Ratio (PER). Secara simultan Return On Equity (ROE) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Price Earning Ratio (PER) pada pada Perusahaan Rokok yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk para investor dan calon investor dalam memprediksi harga saham perusahaan yang akan datang dan dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk berinvestasi. Kata Kunci: Return On Equity (ROE); Debt to Equity Ratio (DER); Price Earning Ratio
Institutional factors influencing the internationalisation of emerging market telecommunication firms in Nigeria

Past literature on the internationalisation of telecommunication firms has documented evidence on how politics, regulations, market, corruption and cultural factors influence international telecommunication firms at entry in a host market. However, how these factors influence post-entry requires more attention. This thesis, using the institutional theory as a lens, aims to draw attention to the institutional factors that influence the post-entry expansion of emerging market telecommunication firms in Nigeria. This thesis adopts a multiple case qualitative study involving forty-seven interviews and secondary documents, which were thoroughly examined to ensure triangulation of data. The findings demonstrate that in addition to the key formal institutions, among which are the role of politicians, the tax system and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), informal factors in the shape of community and infrastructural challenges have an influence at post-entry. This thesis advances a more nuanced understanding of how institutional factors influence the post-entry of an international telecommunication firm. First, this thesis demonstrates that both formal institutions in the form of politicians and regulators, as well as informal institutions, namely the communities coerce the international telecommunication firms by making financial demands on them and arbitrarily disrupting the building of telecommunication base stations (TBS). Second, it contributes to the institutional theory literature from an African perspective by demonstrating that while formal and informal institutions co-exist they influence post-entry independently. Further, institutional theory research has largely ignored Africa as a research setting, limiting our understanding of the nuances this context can contribute to management literature. This thesis identifies the range of strategies including corporate social responsibilities (CSR), bribery and engagement adopted by international telecommunication firms to manage both the formal and informal institutions. Finally, identifying these strategies shows that international telecommunication firms can legitimatise their operations even in an unstable environment. Regarding policy implication, it provides empirical evidence to show that the 2003 Nigerian telecommunication Act requires updating by the regulators to acknowledge the role the informal institutions play in the sector.
ARTFUL AND SENSORY SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE: EXPLORING NOVEL METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

La ciencia de la sostenibilidad está marcada por un cuarto de siglo de desarrollo conceptual y metodológico. A pesar de la expansión exitosa y las experiencias prometedoras, hay limitaciones a considerar. Este artículo argumenta que las nuevas metodologías y métodos deben desarrollarse y emplearse para comprender mejor la complejidad cualitativa de la vida humana, incluidas sus dimensiones multisensoriales y estéticas. Se discuten las perspectivas metodológicas de la etnografía sensorial y la investigación basada en las artes y se presenta un estudio de caso, en el que se han empleado los métodos pertinentes. El artículo termina con una perspectiva sobre el potencial de la ciencia de la sostenibilidad ingeniosa y sensorial.
Hopes and Hurdles: Rural Migrant Children’s Education in Urban China

Abstract Rural migrant children are a rapidly growing demographic in Chinese cities. Existing sociological literature yields inconsistent findings regarding their wellbeing and adaptation to the urban society, partly due to a bifurcation of methodological approaches. Combining multilevel modelling and field research, this mixed-method study documents the coexistence of high hopes and arduous hurdles migrant children encounter in a nested system of inequality, which impacts their educational performance in complicated ways. We report the following findings. At the family level, in-depth interviews record parents’ unbounded aspirations for children’s educational success as a family social mobility project. However, cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage, the spill-over of migrant parents’ job precarity and stress, and strained intergenerational ties due to prior family separation constitute major barriers that suppress migrant children’s performance. At the school level, a de facto segregation system negatively impact migrant children’s performance by disproportionately channelling them to schools less favourable in ranking, resources and academic climate, and subject to social discrimination. We highlight the tension between the co-existing “hopes and hurdles” in migrant children’s urban educational experience and discuss the social and policy implications.
Loss aversion in an agent-based asset pricing model

A well-defined agent-based asset pricing model able to match the widely observed properties of financial time series is valuable for testing the implications of various biases associated with investors' behaviour. Extending one of the most successful models in capturing traders behaviour, we present a new behavioural agent-based asset pricing model. Specifically, we introduce a well-known behavioural bias in the model, loss aversion, and evaluate its implications. First, measuring how close the simulated time series are to its empirical counterparts, we show that the model with loss aversion better matches and explains the properties of real-world financial data, compared with the base model without the behavioural bias. Secondly, we assess the impact of different levels of loss aversion not only on the agents' switching mechanisms, but also on the properties of the time series generated by the model. We demonstrate how for different levels of the loss aversion parameter, the biased agents tend to be driven out of the market at different points in time. Since even the simplest strategies have been shown to survive the competition in an agent-based setting, we can link our findings with the behavioural finance literature, which states that investors' systematic biases lead to unexpected market behaviour, instabilities and systematic errors. Finally, we provide an in-depth analysis of the simulated time series and show the resulting dynamics replicate a rich set of the stylized facts including: absence of autocorrelation, heavy tails, volatility clustering and conditional heavy tails of returns, long memory of absolute returns, as well as volume–volatility relations, gain–loss asymmetry, power-law behaviour and long memory of volume.
Memory-Based Lyapunov Functions and Path-complete Framework: Equivalence and Properties

In this paper, in the framework of stability analysis of switched systems, we review and analyze multiple Lyapunov functions structures. We formalize and study a class of Lyapunov functions that do not only depend on the state, but also on the past switching sequence, the “memory”, in a general language-theory setting. We recall and extend an equivalence result between these stability criteria and a class of combinatorial Lyapunov techniques, also known as path-complete Lyapunov functions. We provide the dual results based on the knowledge/prediction of the future values of the switching signals and we illustrate our techniques via numerical examples.
Effect of low-dose metronomic chemotherapy on ALDH1 expression in human ovarian carcinoma xenograft tumor in nude mice

Objective: To investigate the influence of maximum-tolerated dose chemotherapy with cisplatin (MTD-DDP) and low-dose metronomic chemotherapy with DDP (LDM-DDP) on human ovarian carcinoma xenograft tumor in nude mice and the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in xenograft tumor.Methods: Murine subcutaneous xenograft tumors of human epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were established in nude mice and treated with MTD-DDP and LDM-DDP, respectively. The growth of xenograft tumor was observed. The xenograft tumor primary cells were established. ALDH1-positive cells were obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The abilities of colony formation and tumorigenicity of ALDH1-positive cells in vitro and in vivo were detected by colony formation assay and tumor formation in nude mice, respectively. The expression levels of Ki-67, breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) and CD133 in ALDH1-positive cells were detected by Western blotting.Results: The growth of xenograft tumor in nude mice was inhibited by MTD-DDP and LDM-DDP, and this inhibition effect was significant in LDM-DDP group (P < 0.001). The proportion of ALDH1-positive cells in xenograft tumor primary cells was lower in MTD-DDP group and higher in LDM-DDP group as compared with that in the control group (0.9% NaCl solution) (both P < 0.001). The abilities of colony formation and tumorigenicity of ALDH1-positive cells were higher than those of ALDH1-negative cells (both P < 0.001). The expression level of Ki-67 was lower but the expression levels of BCRP and CD133 were higher in ALDH1-positive cells than those in ALDH1-negative cells (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: LDM-DDP can effectively inhibit the growth of human ovarian carcinoma xenograft tumors in nude mice and reduce the proportion of ALDH1-positive cells. DOI:10.3781/j.issn. 1000-7431.2015. 11.747
Is the Type of Outsourced Internal Audit Function Provider Associated with Audit Efficiency? Empirical Evidence from Oman

The main aim of this study is to provide empirical evidence examining how outsourced internal audit function (IAF) providers are associated with audit efficiency, and how such providers interact with high&#8208;quality external auditors. We use a sample of 711 observations for companies listed on the Muscat Security Market during the period 2005&#8211;2014. Based on pooled regression, we find that audit efficiency is significantly improved when the IAF provider is from a Big4 audit firm, whereas a non&#8208;Big4 audit firm IAF provider is associated with reduced audit efficiency. Furthermore, we find evidence suggesting significant interaction between the external auditor and IAF in relation to audit efficiency if the outsourced IAF provider is from a Big4 audit firm. In additional analysis, we construct a new measure for audit efficiency, dividing the IAF providers into Big4, second tier, and other non&#8208;Big4, and consider the time of connection between such providers and their clients. We still observe that Big4, as an outsourced IAF provider, is more significantly associated with audit efficiency than other types of IAF provider. This paper is important because there is currently little evidence concerning the type of outsourced IAF provider; it contains useful information for auditors, companies, and regulators.
Accounting conservatism and banking expertise on board of directors

Previous studies show mixed evidence of the role of banking expertise on the board of directors on accounting conservatism. In this paper, we add to this growing literature by providing an innovative way to measure banking expertise based on life-time working history in banks of all individual directors on the board. We find that accounting conservatism is negatively affected by banking expertise on the board. Also, the results indicate that banking expertise on the board has a more pronounced impact on accounting conservatism when firms have high bankruptcy risk and when firms have high financial leverage. The evidence has some implications for boards of directors.
The relevance of annual general meetings: recent evidence from the UK

: Using over 14,000 hand-collected annual general meeting dates of UK firms over the period 2004 to 2014, the study provides some evidence in support of the information content hypothesis from the analysis of price and volume reactions around annual general meetings. In addition, the study finds some support for an increase in the information content of annual general meetings during the study period. Our results show that both the magnitude of abnormal return and the temporal variation in the information content of annual general meetings depend on a number of firm characteristics that capture firms’ information environment.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN SERTA MUHAMMADIYAH DALAM PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI KABUPATEN BANGGAI

ABSTRAK Muhammadiyah sebagai salah satu organisasi kemasyarakatan, mempunyai peran dalam perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah bagaimana peran serta Muhammadiyah dalam perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup di Kabupaten Banggai, faktor-faktor yang menghambat serta bentuk ideal peran serta Muhammadiyah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan tipe yuridis sosiologis. Kesimpulannya bahwa peran serta Muhammadiyah di Kabupaten Banggai belum dapat berjalan dengan optimal. Namun peran serta muhammadiyah baru dilakukan oleh Pengurus Daerah Aisyiyah Kabupaten Banggai. Adapun faktor-faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan peran serta Muhammadiyah tersebut adalah belum adanya Majelis, Bidang ataupun Lembaga yang khusus membidangi Lingkungan Hidup, Kurang memahami pentingnya perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup, Kurangnya koordinasi antara Pengurus Daerah Muhammadiyah dengan organisasi otonomnya. Adapun bentuk ideal peran serta Muhammadiyah dalam perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup di Kabupaten Banggai meliputi perencanaan, pemanfaatan, pengendalian, pemeliharaan, pengawasan, dan penegakan hukum. Kata kunci: lingkungan hidup; muhammadiyah; peran serta. ABSTRACT Muhammadiyah as one of the community organizations has a role in protecting and managing the living environment. The problem studied is how Muhammadiyah's participation in protectiing and managing the living environment in Banggai District, the inhibiting factors and the ideal form of Muhammadiyah's participation. The type of research used is empirical legal research with a sociological juridical type. The conclusion is that Muhammadiyah's participation in Banggai Regency has not been able to run optimally. The factors that hinder the implementation of Muhammadiyah's participation are the absence of a management structure in charge of the living environment, lack of understanding of the importance of environmental protection and management, and lack of coordination. The ideal form of Muhammadiyah's participation in protecting and managing the living environment in Banggai Regency includes planning, utilization, control, maintenance, supervision and law enforcement. Keywords: living environment; muhammadiyah; participation .
Inward Looking: The Impact of Migration on Romanipe from the Romani Perspective

The Roma are those Europeans who in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries have been treated negatively by harsh laws, execution and transportation in several European countries (Mayall, 1988). At present, Roma are an integral part of Europe, however, facing structural and social inequalities, different forms of exclusion and discrimination. EU Roma form a large segment of those EU citizens who exercise their rights to freely travel, reside and work in other EU states. Some may argue, however, that the reception to EU Roma migrants has not been dissimilar to that experienced by the non-EU migrants and asylum seekers. A great part of the research on Roma/ Romani migrations focuses on political, economic and historical accounts. This study, instead, tries to give an alternative reading on Romani migrations in three main ways. Firstly, it studies Bulgarian Roma and with this complements the better understanding of the Roma of Europe. Secondly, it gives a greater emphasis on the cultural and social implications of their migrations. And thirdly, it gives an insider perspective. This work seeks to understand better the relationship between Romani identity, performance and migration. Particularly, it studies the idea of ‘Romanipe’ under the prism of the personal accounts of Romani migrants. It also seeks to understand the relationships between the Romani groups in Europe, due to their increased travel and convergence, and predict the effects of migration on (new) Romani consciousness. It is particularly interested in processes, transformation, potentialities and change. This research is based on qualitative data gathered from Romani migrants from three towns of Bulgaria. It concludes with a discussion on the Romani identity, ‘Romanipe,’ feelings of belonging and Romani (trans) nationalism. Declaration and Statements Declaration This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Statement 1 This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. Where correction service has been used, the extent and nature of the correction is clearly marked in a footnote(s). Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. (candidate) Statement 2 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed: (candidate)
A variation of Merton's corporate bond valuation model for firms with illiquid but observable assets

We introduce a new model for pricing corporate bonds, which is a modification of the classical model of Merton. In this new model, we drop the liquidity assumption of the firm's asset value process, and assume that there is a liquidly tradeable asset in the market whose value is correlated with the firm's asset value, and all portfolios can be constructed using solely this asset and the money market account. We formulate the market price of the corporate bond as the product of the price of an optimal replicating portfolio and , where κ is a non-negative constant. The interpretation is that the representative investor uses the price of the optimal replicating portfolio as a benchmark and requests compensation for the non-hedgeable risk. We show that if the replication error is measured relative to the firm's value, the resulting formula is arbitrage free with mild restrictions on the parameters.
Regulatory Stress Tests and Bank Responses: Heterogeneous Treatment Effect in Dynamic Settings

The article is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Staff Exchange programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 681228. We also acknowledge support from the Czech Science Foundation (grant 18-05244S). The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of our institutions.