Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the prediction of human intelligence from neuroimaging: A systematic review of methods and reporting

Human intelligence is one of the main objects of study in cognitive neuroscience. Reviews and meta-analyses have proved to be fundamental to establish and cement neuroscientific theories on intelligence. The prediction of intelligence using in vivo neuroimaging data and machine learning has become a widely accepted and replicated result. Here, we present a systematic review of this growing area of research, based on studies that employ structural, functional, and/or diffusion MRI to predict human intelligence in cognitively normal subjects using machine-learning. We performed a systematic assessment of methodological and reporting quality, using the PROBAST and TRIPOD assessment forms and 30 studies identified through a systematic search. We observed that fMRI is the most employed modality, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is the most studied predictor, and the Human Connectome Project is the most employed dataset. A meta-analysis revealed a significant difference between the performance obtained in the prediction of general and fluid intelligence from fMRI data, confirming that the quality of measurement moderates this association. The expected performance of studies predicting general intelligence from fMRI was estimated to be r = 0.42 (CI95% = [0.35, 0.50]) while for studies predicting fluid intelligence obtained from a single test, expected performance was estimated as r = 0.15 (CI95% = [0.13, 0.17]). We further enumerate some virtues and pitfalls we identified in the methods for the assessment of intelligence and machine learning. The lack of treatment of confounder variables, including kinship, and small sample sizes were two common occurrences in the literature which increased risk of bias. Reporting quality was fair across studies, although reporting of results and discussion could be vastly improved. We conclude that the current literature on the prediction of intelligence from neuroimaging data is reaching maturity. Performance has been reliably demonstrated, although extending findings to new populations is indispensable. Current results could be used by future works to foment new theories on the biological basis of intelligence differences.
Dynamic chromosomal interactions and control of heterochromatin positioning by Ki‐67

Ki-67 is a chromatin-associated protein with a dynamic distribution pattern throughout the cell cycle, and is thought to be involved in chromatin organization. Lack of genomic interaction maps has hampered a detailed understanding of its roles, particularly during interphase. By pA-DamID mapping in human cell lines we found that Ki-67 associates with large genomic domains that overlap mostly with late-replicating regions. Early in interphase, when Ki-67 is present in pre-nucleolar bodies, it interacts with these domains on all chromosomes. However, later in interphase, when Ki-67 is confined to nucleoli, it shows a striking shift towards small chromosomes. Nucleolar perturbations indicate that these cell cycle dynamics correspond to nucleolar maturation during interphase, and suggest that nucleolar sequestration of Ki-67 limits its interactions with larger chromosomes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ki-67 does not detectably control chromatin-chromatin interactions during interphase, but it competes with the nuclear lamina for interaction with late-replicating DNA, and it controls replication timing of (peri)centromeric regions. Together, these results reveal a highly dynamic choreography of genome interactions and roles for Ki-67 in heterochromatin organization.
Long-range regulatory effects of Neandertal DNA in modern humans

The admixture between modern humans and Neandertals has resulted in ∼2% of the genomes of present-day non-Africans being composed of Neandertal DNA. Association studies have shown that introgressed DNA significantly influences phenotypic variation in people today and that several of the phenotype-associated archaic variants had links to expression regulation as well. In general, introgressed DNA has been demonstrated to significantly affect the transcriptomic landscape in people today. However, little is known about how much of that impact is mediated through long-range regulatory effects that have been shown to explain ∼20% of expression variation. Here we identified 60 transcription factors (TFs) with their top cis-eQTL SNP being of Neandertal ancestry in GTEx and predicted long-range Neandertal DNA-induced regulatory effects by screening for the predicted target genes of those TFs. We show that genes in regions devoid of Neandertal DNA are enriched among the target genes of some of these TFs. Furthermore, archaic cis-eQTLs for these TFs included multiple candidates for local adaptation and have associations with various immune traits, schizophrenia, blood cell type composition and anthropometric measures. Finally, we show that our results can be replicated in empirical trans-eQTLs with Neandertal variants. Our results suggest that the regulatory reach of Neandertal DNA goes beyond the 40% of genomic sequence that it still covers in present-day non-Africans and that via this mechanism Neandertal DNA additionally influences the phenotypic variation in people today.
Language experience shapes music processing across 40 tonal, pitch-accented, and non-tonal languages

Tonal languages differ from other languages in their use of pitch (tones) to distinguish words. Some research suggests that the linguistic pitch expertise of tonal language speakers may generalize to improved discrimination of some aspects of musical pitch: tonal language speakers may therefore have music perception advantages over speakers of other languages. The evidence is mixed, however, as prior studies have studied small numbers of participants in only a few tonal languages and countries, making it challenging to disentangle the effects of linguistic experience from variability in music training experience, cultural differences, and so on. Here, we report an assessment of music perception skill in native speakers of 40 languages, with a preregistered exploratory-confirmatory design, including tonal (e.g., Mandarin, Vietnamese), pitch-accented (e.g., Japanese, Croatian), and non-tonal (e.g., Spanish, Hungarian) languages. Whether or not participants had taken music lessons, native speakers of tonal languages (confirmatory 𝑛 = 20,102) had an improved ability to discriminate musical melodies. But this improvement came with a trade-off: relative to speakers of pitch-accented (confirmatory 𝑛 = 9,694) or non-tonal languages (confirmatory 𝑛 = 242,096), tonal speakers were worse at discriminating fine-scale pitch-tuning and worse at processing the musical beat. These results, which held across 5 tonal languages and were robust to geographic and demographic variation, demonstrate that linguistic experience shapes music perception ability, with implications for relations between music, language, and culture in the human mind.
Decremental optimization of vertex-colouring under the reconfiguration framework

Suppose that we are given a positive integer k, and a k-(vertex-)colouring of a given graph G. Then we are asked to find a colouring of G using the minimum number of colours among colourings that are reachable from by iteratively changing a colour assignment of exactly one vertex while maintaining the property of k-colourings. In this paper, we give linear-time algorithms to solve the problem for graphs of degeneracy at most two and for the case where . These results imply linear-time algorithms for series-parallel graphs and grid graphs. In addition, we give linear-time algorithms for chordal graphs and cographs. On the other hand, we show that, for any , this problem remains NP-hard for planar graphs with degeneracy three and maximum degree four. Thus, we obtain a complexity dichotomy for this problem with respect to the degeneracy of a graph and the number k of colours.
Profile of Students’ Problem-Solving Skills Viewed from Polya's Four-Steps Approach and Elementary School Students

Problem-solving is considered one of the thinking skills that must be possessed in 21st-century education because problem-solving skills are required to solve all problems that arise. The problem-solving stages that can be used are Polya's four steps, namely, understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back. Problem-solving skills are essential for solving word problems. Word problems based on arithmetic operations are divided into three types: one-step, two-step, and multistep. This qualitative research aimed to see problem-solving skills viewed from the type of word questions and elementary school students’ third, fourth, and fifth grades. A purposive sampling technique with 22 third-grade students, 28 fourth-grade students, and 21 fifth-grade students was used. The data were collected using documentation, testing, and interview methods. The findings of the study showed that fourth-grade students’ problem-solving skills are better than those of third-grade students, and the problem-solving skills of fifth-grade students are better than those of fourth-grade students. The percentage of Polya's steps always decreases because not all students master problem-solving. Based on the types of questions, the percentage of the one-step word problem is better than that of the two-step while the percentage of the two-step word problems is higher than that of the multistep.
MUSICAL LISTENING FOR ANXIETY RELIEF IN PEDIATRIC COMPANIONS AUDIÇÃO MUSICAL PARA ALÍVIO DA ANSIEDADE DO ACOMPANHANTE PEDIÁTRICO AUDICIÓN MUSICAL PARA ALIVIO DE LA ANSIEDAD DEL ACOMPAÑANTE PEDIÁTRICO

Objective: to investigate the effects of music listening on the level of postoperative anxiety of companions of children submitted to surgeries in comparison with the conventional care of a pediatric surgical clinic. Methodology: a quasiexperimental study conducted in a public teaching hospital with 62 companions of children in the postoperative period. The control group – CG (n=32) was submitted to the clinic’s conventional care and the experimental group – EG (n=30) was submitted to music listening. Both groups had their physiological indicators measured, level of anxiety measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and they answered a structured questionnaire for sample characterization. Results: the EG presented higher and statistically significant mean values in the STAI items: feel ‘at ease,’ ‘well-rested,’ ‘relaxed,’ and ‘satisfied’ when compared to the CG after music listening. Conclusion: music listening may reduce the level of postoperative anxiety of companions of children submitted to surgery.
CMAR_A_322678 6859..6867

1Department of Operation, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Outpatient, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China Purpose: To evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) preemptive analgesia on recovery in colon cancer patients undergoing open radical surgery and provide reference for its clinical application. Methods: From July 2019 to June 2020, according to the anesthesia method, 56 patients who received open radical colon surgery were divided into two groups: Group Q (n=27), which received QLB combined general anesthesia, and Group C (n=29), which received general anesthesia only. Both groups were given self-controlled intravenous analgesia pump after surgery. The primary outcome is a series of parameters representing postoperative recovery. The secondary outcome was VAS scores and opioid consumption. Results: The first time of getting up, flatus, taking semi-liquid diet and the postoperative hospital stay in Group Q were significantly reduced (P<0.01). The rest and active VAS scores were significantly lower in Group Q (P<0.01). The opioids consumption was significantly decreased in Group Q (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of ultrasound-guided QLB preemptive analgesia in open radical colon cancer surgery can significantly enhance the postoperative analgesia effect, reduce opioid consumption, and accelerate the postoperative recovery of the patients. Clinical Trial Registration Number: The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000034824).
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications on Nitrogen Remobilization and Grain Yield in Soybean (Glycine max [L] Merril) in the Savelugu-Nanton Municipality in Northern Region of Ghana

Two experiments were conducted in the Savelugu-Nanton Municipality of the Northern Region of Ghana in 2012 and 2013 to assess the effect of N fertilizer on growth, N remobilization and grain yield of three local varieties of soybean (Glycine max [L] Merill). The experiments were a 3 x 4 factorial laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Factor A was soybean varieties (Jenguma, Quarshie, Ahotor); Factor B was 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg N ha-1. The experimental fields were planted manually on the flat by drilling and later thinned to 2 plants hill-1 at 0.50 m × 0.10 m with a population of about 400 000 plants ha-1. Growth and yield parameters measured were plant height, nodule number plant-1, nodule dry weight plant-1, percent nodule effectiveness, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight, harvest index and grain yield. The results showed that the control recorded lower figures in all growth parameters. Nitrogen remobilization was also observed in all plots, which indicate that soybean needs greater levels of N during grain filling. Again, N remobilization and soybean yield were highest in the 45 kg N ha-1 treatment compared to the other treatments. However, considering the overall yields, farmers in the study area should be advised to adopt starter N fertilization of soybean for higher yields as the soils are highly degraded in soil fertility.
Damage Prediction and Evolution using Uncoupled Elastoplastic-Damage Lemaitre’s and Vaz’s Models

Damage Lemaitre’s damage model Plasticity Finite element Damage variable Fracture indicator This paper presents the two uncoupled elastoplastic-damage models; uncoupled Lemaitre’s and Vaz’s damage models. The two models are implemented into the finite element ABAQUS software using user routine UMAT to analyze and predict damage and damage evolution. In the context of von-Mises yield criteria, the damage variable and fracture indicator are predicted, in addition to the vonMises stress and the effective plastic strain. Both the elastoplastic tangent operator and the return mapping procedure are formulated using the consistent formulation. Two cases are analyzed; the first one is an axisymmetric notched bar, while the second case is a plane strain doubled notched plate. In addition to the aforementioned predictions, a parametric study is carried out to explore the effect of the damage denominator and damage exponent on the damage behavior. It is concluded that the two models succeeded in the prediction of the point of fracture, while the uncoupled Lemaitre's damage model gives a more efficient description of the damage band.
Concern of Pregnant Women Regarding Benefits of Utilizing Antenatal Care in Selected Maternal and Child Health Centers at Minia City

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an essential method for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality by increasing the chances of detecting high-risk pregnancies early Aim of the study: was to assess concern of pregnant women regarding benefits of utilizing antenatal care in selected Maternal and Child Health Centers at Minia City. Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional research design. Subject: all women who attend to the Maternal& Child Health (MCH) center during time of data collection (285). Setting: This research was conducted at four MCH centers at Minia city (Minia Eastern Health Center, Minia Western Health Center, Minia first & second Health Care Center). Tools: Four tools were utilized in this study, the First tool; was an interviewing structured questionnaire sheet concerned with socio-demographic features, obstetric history of studied women. Second tool; concerned with women knowledge assessment questionnaire about utilization of MCH center. Third tool; it was concerned with the assessment of women attitude toward the utilization of MCH services. Forth tool; It was concerned with women practices regarding utilization of antenatal services. Results; 51.5% of study sample their age ranged from 20-30 years with mean 19.8±12.4, the majority of study subjects 92.7% have satisfactory knowledge score regarding antenatal care and was positive statistically significant relationship between knowledge score, age and education p value 0.001 and 0.001. Conclusion: The majority of research participants had adequate information and appropriate practices of antenatal treatment, as well as constructive attitudes toward these programmes. Recommendations: Health education sessions for pregnant women should be applied and encouraged from the stakeholders at health directorate and health administration.
Neuroprotective Effects of 1,8-Cineole on Apoptosis Inhibition and Bcl-2 / Caspase -3 mRNA Expression in the Hippocampus of Epileptic Pilocarpine Model Rats

Background & Objective: The neuroprotective potential of 1,8-Cineole (CIN) has recently been documented in vitro. Here we studied potential beneficial therapeutic effects of CIN, using the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) pilocarpine rat model through up-regulation of Bcl-2, as an anti-apoptotic gene. Materials & Methods: A total of 32 (n=8 per group) male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: i) normal rats (received CIN (50 mg/kg)). ii) Non-treated epileptic rats. iii) Vehicle epileptic rats treated with 10% Polysorbate 20 (Tween 20). iv) TLE-treated rats with CIN once daily (50 mg/kg), three days after the first seizure and up to 28 days, four days a week (treatment group). For the analysis, based on the Racine scale, the score of 4 and 5 was chosen. Rats were sacrificed and primed 28 days after the first seizure for both histopathological and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Results: The findings showed that CIN prevents cell death caused by Pilocarpine, via regulatory effect on apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression. QRT-PCR results showed a significant increment in the Bcl-2 expression, and a decrease in Caspas-3 gene in the epileptic group treated with CIN. Also, amount of total antioxidant capacity was higher in CIN treated group. Histological study of the brain regions revealed a significant decrease in the apoptotic and necrotic hippocampal cells in the treatment groups. Conclusion: Collectively, the present study showed CIN significantly induced neuroprotection effects for brain damage. It seems CIN can be a promising method for improving the effectiveness of therapy.
The Impact of Using Flipped Learning Strategy on Developing Listening Skills of 7th Grade Female Students in the United Arab Emirates

This study aimed to examine the impact of Flipped Learning Strategy on developing listening skills of 7th grade female students in the United Arab Emirates. The study sample consisted of (44) female students selected by using the convenience sampling method from the Emirates Private School during the academic year of 2019 -2020. Those female students were distributed into two groups: An experimental group (22 students) and control group (22 students). The experimental group was taught the listening skills by using the Flipped Learning Strategy, and the control group was taught by the traditional method. To achieve the purpose of the study and answer its questions, a listening skills test was developed and its validity and reliability were also checked. At the end of the experiment which lasted for six weeks, the post-test of listening skills was carried out. The appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the collected data. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the total score of the listening post-test and its three levels (audible discrimination, audible interpretation, audible criticism in favor of the experimental group. This indicates that the flipped learning strategy had a positive impact on developing the listening skills of sample students. Given such results, a number of recommendations were provided.
How is the Compensation of Employees?

The compensation system is very critical and sensitive in the company. So that not a few companies are experiencing difficulties due to compensation that appears not implemented properly. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the remuneration system at PKU Aisyiyah Hospital Jepara. This study uses observation and in-depth interviews with selected respondents to collect data and analyzes with a qualitative approach using an action research design. The qualitative case study used purposive sampling involving nine people directly involved in the compensation process: three directors, three heads of general and finance divisions, and three finance staff. Some hospitals have not implemented the 2017 Permendiknas, but they have generally implemented several remuneration principles. This research has implications for the process of providing remuneration to hospital employees and recommendations for hospital managers to improve the application of remuneration according to PERMEN 2017.
The effect of splitting on the quality and in vitro release of metformin hydrochloride from extended-release (XR) tablets

Metformin hydrochloride (MetCl) is used worldwide in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Although extendedrelease (XR) tablets containing 500 mg, 850 mg, and 1000 mg of MetCl are marketed, it is not uncommon to split the tablet when the dosage form of the required strength is not available commercially. The aim of work was to evaluate the effects of splitting on the in vitro performance of XR tablets containing MetCl. We performed quality control assays and comparative dissolution profile studies among several medicines containing 500 mg and 1000 mg of MetCl, marketed in Brazil and Argentina. Tablets containing 1000 mg of MetCl were halved (test samples) and compared with whole tablets of products containing 500 mg of MetCl (reference samples). The halved tablets were more fragile and presented lower uniformity of mass and dosage unit as compared to the whole ones. However, it was evidenced by the F2 bootstrapping parameter that splitting MetCl XR tablets did not significantly impact the in vitro drug release profiles Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 11, e368101119348, 2021 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19348 2 as compared to the whole tablets. In addition, nor the drug release mechanism neither the release kinetics were significantly affected. The XR tablets containing 1000 mg of metformin hydrochloride might be eligible for division, however, manufacturers could provide appropriate scores in the tablets surfaces to make the splitting proper and safer for the patients.