Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrition with polyunsaturated fatty acid and lower carbohydrate diet has controlled poly cystic ovarian syndrome, on poly cystic ovarian (PCO) induces rats

PCOS produces symptoms in approximately 5% to 10% of women of reproductive age (12–45 years old). It is thought to be one of the leading causes of female subfertility. To confirm the role of nutrition with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on controlled of experimental PCO induced by estradiol-valerat (PPA) in rats, this study was done. Wistar female rat (n=50) were allocated into control (n=10) and test groups (n=40), test group subdivided into groups of 4, G1, received omega-3 (60 mg/rat/orally/daily),G2 induced PCO by single injection of estradiolvalerate (4mg/rat/IM), G3 and G4 groups were induced PCO by single injection of estradiol-valerate (4mg/rat/IM),G3 & G4 groups was received omega-3 (60 mg/rat) ,and G4, received lower carbohydrate feeding ,for 60 consequence day. In sixty day 5cc blood samples and ovarian tissues of Rats in whole groups were removed and prepared to biochemical pathological analysis. hemorrhage, hyperemia and fibrosis were seen in pco groups, these side effects in groups that received omega-3 and lower carbohydrate feeding, significantly decreased (p<0.05) in comparison to experiment groups and ovarian weights in both experimental and control group were similar(p<0.05). Results revealed that administration of omega-3 plus lower carbohydrate food significantly controlled PCO syndrome. [Elaheh Ouladsahebmadarek, Arash Khaki, Laya Farzadi, Afshin Zahedi. Nutrition with polyunsaturated fatty acid and lower carbohydrate diet has controlled poly cystic ovarian syndrome, on poly cystic ovarian (PCO) induces rats. Life Sci J 2013;10(1):1171-1175] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 180
Characteristics of Infectious Dropsy from an Epizootic of Cultured Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) With Special Investigation to Swim-Bladder Lesions

Infectious dropsy was recorded in 2015 among a group of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) collected from several private fish farms at Sharkiya Province, Egypt. Out of 200 clinical cases, 180 (90%) Common carp were found infected by bacteria. The bacterial isolates revealed a mixed infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The affected fish presented typical signs of infectious dropsy including hemorrhagic lesions in the skin, fin, tail, and eye. Loss of scale with sluggish movement and imbalance were also observed in some fish. Grossly, the diseased fish exhibited symptoms of septicemia such as congestion and hemorrhages in the skin and internal organs with distended anus, exophthalmia and ascites. The antimicrobial resistance of the isolated bacteria was higher with Oxytetracycline (OX) and lower with Ciprofloxacin (CIP). The other used antimicrobials showed variable resistance to both bacterial isolates. Experimental infection was done on 100 Common carp and revealed same clinical findings and gross lesions of the field study with 76 % mortality. Microscopically, the internal organs showed degenerative changes, focal necrosis, circulatory disturbances and inflammatory reactions. The swim bladder mucosa of infected carp exhibited necrosis, epithelial sloughing with congestion and lymphocytic infiltration. This study describes Infectious dropsy among cultured carp in Egypt and highlighted the importance of implementing preventive measures to control this infection.
Estimation with Mixed Data Frequencies: A Bias-Correction Approach

We propose a solution to the measurement error problem that plagues the estimation of the relation between the expected return of the stock market and its conditional variance due to the latency of these conditional moments. We use intra-period returns to construct a nonparametric proxy for the latent conditional variance in the first step which is subsequently used as an input in the second step to estimate the parameters characterizing the risk-return tradeoff via a GMM approach. We propose a bias-correction to the standard GMM estimator derived under a double asymptotic framework, wherein the number of intra-period returns, N, as well as the number of low frequency time periods, T , simultaneously go to infinity. Simulation exercises show that the bias-correction is particularly relevant for small values of N which is the case in empirically realistic scenarios. The methodology lends itself to additional applications, such as the empirical evaluation of factor models, wherein the factor betas may be estimated using intra-period returns and the unexplained returns or alphas subsequently recovered at lower frequencies.
Industrial Emissions in Java Island of Indonesia: A Convergence Analysis

This main objective of this study is to test emissions convergence, absolute and conditional, of manufacturing industry among provinces in Java Island as center of industrial activity and economic growth in Indonesia. Micro-data at firm-level of six provinces during 2000-2009 are employed and econometrics technique is applied to estimate dynamic model of the convergence. The statistical result shows that the emissions convergence, both absolute and condition, is not confirmed. In other word, emission growth among the provinces tends to be divergent. Other findings conclude that the industrial emissions growth is affected by economic growth and technique effect.
The Impact of School Nutrition Education and Physical Education Programs on Weight Status of Obese Children Aged 5-12 Years

Epidemiological studies indicate that 12.5 million children and adolescents are considered obese (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). Obesity is on the rise globally, and while it affects both children and adults, early measures can be taken to reduce the number of children who are obese, and therefore, come into adulthood at a higher risk for obesity-related diseases, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and sleep apnea. There are many studies in which programs are implemented and tested for effectiveness; therefore, a systematic review of these studies that examine which factors play into overall obesity prevention and health improvements among children is warranted. This study examined which factors of intervention strategies contributed to the success of a program, with success being defined as improved anthropomorphic measures, behavioral changes, environmental improvement, and increase in cardiovascular health. Results of this study indicate that successful intervention programs incorporated both nutrition education and physical activity. Additional factors that supported obesity intervention include community and environmental support, nutritional policies, and length of intervention.
Independent audit committee, risk management committee, and audit fees

Abstract This study aims to analyze the role of an independent audit committee on the relationship between the Risk Management Committee (RMC) and audit fees. We use 510 observations from 216 different companies indexed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2014–2016. This study uses ordinary least square analysis to prove our hypotheses. We find that participation of the independent commissioner as an audit committee member will strengthen the relationship between RMC and audit fee. Consistent with the demand side of audit theory, our study shows that the existence of a stand-alone risk management committee and a more independent commissioner sitting on the audit committee will demand higher audit coverage. As a result, it will increase the audit fee. It occurs since the existence of a more independent audit committees could be able to objectively assess the risk as recommended by the RMC and respond to it by increasing the demand on audit coverage for higher audit quality, and hence increase the fees paid to the external auditor. These findings could contribute to the regulatory bodies in Indonesia in terms of providing empirical evidence on the relationship between board governance structure and audit pricing within non-financial industries companies.
Community structure of parasitoids Hymenoptera associated with Brassicaceae and non-crop vegetation

Abstract. Yaherwandi. 2012. Community structure of parasitoids Hymenoptera associated with Brassicaceae and non-crop vegetation. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 22-26. Parasitoids Hymenoptera has an important role in agroecosystem because of their ability in suppressing pest population. Their presence in the field is seen as the key to agricultural ecosystem. Their presence can be influenced by the availability of non-crop vegetation. Some adult parasitoids Hymenoptera require food in the form of pollen and nectar of wildflowers to ensure effective reproduction and longevity. The objective of this research was to study communities of parasitoid Hymenoptera in Brassicaceae field and non-crop vegetation around Brassicaceae fields. Samplings were conducted at two different landscape structures, i.e. Kayu Tanduak and Padang Laweh representing complex landscapes, whereas Alahan Panjang and Sungai Nanam representing simple landscapes. Insects were sampled by three trapping techniques (farm crop, sweep net, and yellow pan traps) in one line of transect for each landscape. A total of 84 species from 17 families of parasitoids Hymenoptera were collected in Brassicaceae field and in non-crop vegetation. Landscape structure, flowering vegetation, and pesticide application affected the species richness, diversity and evenness of parasitoids Hymenoptera in Brassicaceae fields and non-crop vegetation.
OPTH_A_223606 2547..2552

Abdulrahman Almizel Fahad A Alsuhaibani Abdulrahman M Alkaff Ahmed S Alsaleh Samir M AL-Mansouri 1College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Background: The most common cause of ocular infections worldwide is bacteria; therefore, bacterial keratitis requires rapid and proper intervention because it is amajor cause of loss of vision and ocular morbidity. Resistance studies have found increases in the resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, and gentamicin in bacterial keratitis cases that are caused by gram-positive organisms. Aim: To identify the common predisposing factors, causative organisms, and antibiotic profile of bacterial keratitis (BK) in a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method: This is a retrospective study of the microbiological record of all patients diagnosed with BK at KAUH. From the first of May 2015 until the first of January 2018. Demographic data, diabetes mellitus, contact lens use, history of eye trauma, ocular surface disorders, recent ocular surgeries, current and recent medications, initial and final visual acuity, and location and size of the infiltrate were all used in the study. VA was converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) for statistical analysis. Results: 177 cases positive for BKwere included. 100 (56.5%) were males, and 77 (43.5%) were females. The mean age was 43.15. Trauma was the most common predisposing factor, which was observed in 68 (38.4%) cases, followed by Ocular surface disease [52 (29.4%)]. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most commonly isolated organism [61 (34.5%)], followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae [23 (13%)], and Staphylococcus aureus [18 (10.2%)]. All gram-positive cases were Vancomycin sensitive. Staphylococcus epidermidis showed only 4 resistant cases to chloramphenicol (7.27%), and resistance to penicillin and ampicillin was found in 55 (90%) and 53 (89.83%) cases, respectively. All Streptococcus pneumoniae cases were resistant to gentamicin (100%). Staphylococcus aureus showed high sensitivity for erythromycin [18 (100%)]. Conclusion: The most common cause of bacterial keratitis was Staphylococcus epidermidis (N=61), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (N=23). Trauma was the most common predisposing factor (38.4%), while contact lens use was only identified in 14 cases (7.9%). All organisms tested were sensitive to vancomycin, and there was high resistance toward penicillin (90%).
Deadlines and Commitments: The Effectiveness of and Compliance with Agreements on Air Pollution in Europe

Although the management school has been highly influential in the international cooperation literature, the explanatory power of Chayes and Chayes’ three explanations of noncompliance with international environmental treaties remain understudied. Having developed a framework for examining the explanatory power of treaty ambiguity, lack of state capacity, and unexpected social or economic developments, this paper conducts a rigorous empirical test in the context of a well-suited case—the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol. A careful reading shows that the language of the protocol is clear and unambiguous; indeed, there has been no disagreement over the treaty’s content. Furthermore, statistical analyses show no positive effect of political capacity on compliance. Finally, parties had adequate time to meet their obligations, and unexpected developments explain only a small part of the observed noncompliance. These findings pose a serious challenge to Chayes and Chayes’ three explanations of noncompliance—at least as far as the Gothenburg Protocol is concerned.
Monetary policy shocks and peer-to-peer lending in China

This paper studies monetary policy transmission in China’s peer-to-peer lending market. Using spectral measures of causality, we explore the impacts of Chinese monetary policy shocks on China’s P2P market interest rates and lending amounts. The estimation results indicate significant spectral Granger causality from monetary policy surprises to P2P lending rates for borrowers, but not the reverse. Unlike the lending channel for traditional banks, monetary policy shocks do not Granger-cause the credit amount in the P2P lending market.
BDNF and NT-3 expression in muscles of diabetic periperal neuropathy rats

Objective The aim of the study was to analyze BDNF and NT-3 mRNA expression by RT-PCR in gastrocnemius muscles of streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods Diabetic peripheral neuropathy animal models were made by intraperitoneally administation of streptozotocin. In 8 weeks and 12 weeks the rats were killed with overdose sodium pentobarbital. Gastrocnemius muscle samples were surgically collected and then total RNA was isolated. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to determined the BDNF and NT-3 mRNA expression. Results The BDNF expression in gastrocnemius muscle tissures of diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats was higher than that of controls(P 0.01 ). The BDNF expression in rats of 12 week diabetic peripheral neuropathy was higher than that of 8 weeks' diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats (P 0.01 ). The NT-3 mRNA expression in gastronemius muscles of each group showed no difference (P 0.05 ). Conclusion The BDNF expression increased in gastrocnemius muscles with the time of the course in diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats . The NT-3 mRNA expression in gastrocnemius muscles had no difference in each group. The BDNF and NT-3 had different roles in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Structural Change, Growth, and Evolution of Inequality and Poverty in African Economies: An Overview

Is Africa experiencing a growth ‘miracle’? Rodrik (2018) seems skeptical, and provides evidence based on modern growth theory to support the skepticism: the recent relatively impressive growth does not seem sustainable. Related to the issue of sustainability is economic structure. Diao et al. (2018) find that accompanying the recent growth record has been improving agricultural labor productivity, a reduction of the agricultural labor share and increasing manufacturing employment, evidence that is consistent with that observed for industrialized economies. Thorbecke and Ouyang (2018) also find that while the efficacy of translating growth into poverty reduction remains lower for Africa than elsewhere, there is evidence of poverty convergence recently in Africa, contrary to that for developing countries generally. Fosu (2018) observes the dominant importance, on average, of growth for poverty reduction in Africa, but also underscores the critical role of inequality, especially for certain countries. Exploring why inequality is particularly high in Africa, Shimeles and Nabassaga (2018) uncover ethnic fractionalization, limited tertiary education, and poor governance as major culprits, and inequality of opportunity as the dominant component. Bigsten (2018) identifies the dual-economy nature of colonial arrangements as the genesis for Africa’s high inequality, and proposes an enhanced pro-poor Lewis-type modern-sector enlargement as a potential solution. JEL classification: O11, O13, O14, O15, O47, O55
Rules, Discretion, and Corruption in Procurement: Evidence from Italian Government Contracting

The benefits of bureaucratic discretion depend on the extent to which it is used for public benefit versus exploited for private gain. We study the relationship between discretion and corruption in Italian government procurement auctions, using a confidential database of firms and procurement ocials investigated for corruption by Italian enforcement authorities. Based on a regression discontinuity design around thresholds for discretion, we find that, overall, a large increase in the use of discretionary procedures in the 2000s led to a minimal increase in auctions won by investigated firms. By further investigating the attributes of "corrupted" auctions, we uncover two main factors that drive this \non-result. " First, discretionary procedure auctions are associated with corruption only when conducted with fewer than the formally required number of bidders or employing discretionary criteria ("scoring rule" rather than first price), which comprise a small fraction of discretionary auctions overall. We further show that, while these "corruptible" discretionary auctions are chosen more often by officials who are themselves investigated for corruption, they are used less often in procurement administrations in which at least one official is investigated for corruption. These findings fit with a framework in which more discretion leads to greater efficiency as well as more opportunities for theft, and a central monitor manages this trade- off by limiting discretion for high-corruption procedures and locales. Additional results based on two standard tools for curbing corruption - turnover and subcontracting limits - corroborate this interpretation. Overall, our results imply that discretion is under-utilized, given the high potential benefits as compared to the modest increment in corruption.
RESPONSE OF PHYSICAL AND PHYSIO-CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN GUAVA FRUITS TO GUM ARABIC AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE TREATMENTS UNDER COLD STORAGE

This experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons in Post-harvest Lab. Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric. , Tanat University. , Egypt to study the effects of Gum Arabic and /or calcium chloride on postharvest storage life and fruit quality of ‘Maamoura’ guavas during two consecutive seasons (2016 and 2017). Guava fruits were dipped for 3 min. into distilled water (control), Gum Arabic (GA, 10%), CaCl2 (CC1, 2%), CC2 (4%), GA (10%) + CC1 (2%) and GA (10%) + CC2 (4%). Treated and control fruits were stored at 7±1°C and 90±5% relative humidity (RH) for 24 days. The changes in physical and chemical characteristics of guava fruits were determined every eight days of cold storage. Results of this study indicated that, all postharvest treatments reduced the deterioration in physical and chemical characteristics compared to untreated fruits (control). In addition, combined treatments of 10 % of Gum Arabic with 2 or 4% of calcium chloride were superior to individual treatments. These treatments minimized the fruit weight loss and decay percentages and maximized fruit marketable percentage as well as maintained fruit firmness and visual appearance score during storage. Moreover, these applications delayed color development by retained total chlorophyll content as well as maintained fruit contents in ascorbic acid and total acidity and reduced the total soluble solids and total soluble solids/acid acidity ratio during cold storage period. Ultimately, these applications increase total phenolic and antioxidant contents; also, 706 USAMA EL-ABBASY et al. prolonged shelf life period of guava fruits at (25±2°C and 65±5% RH) after end of cold storage period (24 days) as compared to control. Conclusively, combined treatments of 10 % of Gum Arabic with 2 or 4% of calcium chloride reduced the deterioration in physical and chemical characteristics compared to untreated fruits (control).
Dose-Dependent Behavioral and Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin and Methanolic and Acetonic Extracts from Heterotheca inuloides on Several Rat Tissues following Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus

Kainic acid (KA) has been used to study the neurotoxicity induced after status epilepticus (SE) due to activation of excitatory amino acids with neuronal damage. Medicinal plants can protect against damage caused by KA-induced SE; in particular, organic extracts of Heterotheca inuloides and its metabolite quercetin display antioxidant activity and act as hepatoprotective agents. However, it is unknown whether these properties can protect against the hyperexcitability underlying the damage caused by KA-induced SE. Our aim was to study the protective effects (with regard to behavior and antioxidant activity) of administration of natural products methanolic (ME) and acetonic (AE) extracts and quercetin (Q) from H. inuloides at doses of 30 mg/kg (ME30, AE30, and Q30 groups), 100 mg/kg (ME100, AE100, and Q100 groups), and 300 mg/kg (ME300, AE300, and Q300 groups) against damage in brain regions of male Wistar rats treated with KA. We found dose-dependent effects on behavioral and biochemical studies in the all-natural product groups vs. the control group, with decreases in seizure severity (Racine's scale) and increases in seizure latency (p < 0.05 in the ME100, AE100, Q100, and Q300 groups and p < 0.01 in the AE300 and ME300 groups); on lipid peroxidation and carbonylated proteins in all brain tissues (p < 0.0001); and on GPx, GR, CAT, and SOD activities with all the treatments vs. KA (p ≤ 0.001). In addition, there were strong negative correlations between carbonyl levels and latency in the group treated with KA and in the group treated with methanolic extract in the presence of KA (r = ‐0.9919, p = 0.0084). This evidence suggests that organic extracts and quercetin from H. inuloides exert anticonvulsant effects via direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulation of antioxidant enzyme activity.
A patient with typhoid fever, Giardia lamblia gastroenteritis and hepatitis E

Marked elevation of transaminases is rare in typhoid enteric fever. Co-infections with hepatitis A or E, dengue, or other pathogens should be suspected and investigated. Here we report a case of a 29-year-old Bangladesh man who presented with typhoid, hepatitis E and Giardia lamblia complicated by severely deranged liver enzymes. With early institution of antibiotics and active supportive treatment, the patient clinically recovered. The underlying mechanism of co-infection is still not clear. As clinicians, comprehensive workup for potential pathogens helps expedite diagnosis, especially in patients from endemic areas or patients who deteriorate rapidly. Current diagnostic methods, treatment modalities and preventive measures still need to be improved in the future.
Genome‐Wide Association Study of a Worldwide Collection of Wheat Genotypes Reveals Novel Quantitative Trait Loci for Leaf Rust Resistance

The emergence of new virulent Puccinia triticina races requires a continuous search for novel sources of resistance to combat leaf rust (LR) disease Twenty‐two wheat genotypes resistant to four P. triticina races were identified in this study A genome‐wide association study detected 11 quantitative trait loci for LR resistance; five of them were detected on genomic regions where no LR resistant genes have been detected.