Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal dynamics of natural sound categorization

While extensive research has elucidated the brain’s processing of semantics from speech sound waves and their mapping onto the auditory cortex, the temporal dynamics of how meaningful non-speech sounds are processed remain less examined. Understanding these dynamics is key to resolving the debate between cascaded and parallel hierarchical processing models, both plausible given the anatomical evidence. This study investigates how semantic category information from environmental sounds is processed in the temporal domain, using electroencephalography (EEG) collected from 25 participants and representational similarity analysis (RSA) along with models of acoustic and semantic information. We examined information extracted by the brain from 80 onesecond natural sounds across four categories. The results revealed a cascaded temporal hierarchy of processing of information towards identifying the sound category, which supports the well established anatomical hierarchy. Low-level information is decodable at ∼ 30 ms, and semantic information begins to emerge ∼ 40 ms later. We conclude that basic information transforms to more complex information over time, while semantic representations are more stable over time than representations of acoustic information.
On mutation

Program mutation has been advanced by DeMillo et. al. as a powerful program testing technique. The present work is an empirical study of several factors important in the feasibility and reliability of mutation analysis. In the course of investigating the coupling effect, over a million complex mutants were subjected to test data sufficient for first order mutation. All but 45 of these were either eliminated by the test data or proved to be equivalent to the original programs. Most of the 45 could be addressed within the framework of mutation analysis by the addition of a new mutagenic operator. An experiment on the human evaluation of equivalence (of mutants to original programs) produced inconclusive results, but indicates the need for caution in the practice of mutation analysis in the step of judging mutants equivalent. A study of mutagenic operator efficiencies indicates that mutation analysis can be performed on compiled programs, rather than being limited to interpretive execution.
Impulsive and reflective processes related to alcohol use in young adolescents

Copyright It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content licence (like Creative Commons). UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl) (pagedate: 2016-08-27)
AN ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC MODELS WITH RECURSIVE PREFERENCES By

This paper presents estimates of key preference parameters of the Epstein and Zin (1989, 1991) and Weil (1989) (EZW) recursive utility model, evaluates the model’s ability to fit asset return data relative to other asset pricing models, and investigates the implications of such estimates for the unobservable aggregate wealth return. Our empirical results indicate that the estimated relative risk aversion parameter ranges from 17-60, with higher values for aggregate consumption than for stockholder consumption, while the estimated elasticity of intertemporal substitution is above one. In addition, the estimated model-implied aggregate wealth return is found to be weakly correlated with the CRSP value-weighted stock market return, suggesting that the return to human wealth is negatively correlated with the aggregate stock market return. JEL: G12, E21
GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF TEN CONTEMPORARY WHEAT VARIETIES OF PAKISTAN

Testing of wheat varieties in different agro-ecological zone is essential for evaluation of stability of performance and range of adaptations. The main objective of this study was to determine variety-environment interaction, stability a nd adaptability of various characters and effect of different environments relationship of characters with grain yield and grain protein percentage in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Ten varieties viz. Kiran-95, Mehran-89, Tandojam-83, Abadgar-93, Anmol-91, Punjab-96, Chakwal 86, Shahkar-87, Parwaz-94 and Pirsabak-85 were evaluated at nine different locations for three years during the 1999-2000, 2000-2001, and 2001-2002 respectively. Data were recorded on various plant characters viz. plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf area, productive tillers per meter, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, rachis segment length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain protein percentage, number of maturity days and grain yield (t/h). Variety-location (σvl) variety-year (σvy) and variety-location-year (σvly) interactions were highly significant for all characters. The relative magnitude of interaction variance components indicated that relative performance of varieties for plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf area, productive tillers parameter, rachis segment length, 1000-grain weight, grain protein percentage and grain yield were more inconsistent across locations than years. The opposite was true for spike length spikelets per spike, grain per spike and maturity days. The stability parameters (within variety mean square (Si²), variety coefficient of variation (CVi %), ecovalence (Wi²), variety interaction variance (σi²), regression coefficient (bi), deviation from regression mean square (δi²) and coefficient of determination (Ri²)), revealed a range of stability for all characters.
1. Aerosol emissions measured with a laser optical particle counter

During the SAFARI-92 experiment (Southern Africa Fire Atmosphere Research Initiative, September–October 1992), we flew an instrumented DC-3 aircraft through plumes from fires in various southern African savanna ecosystems. Some fires had been managed purposely for scientific study (e.g., those in Kruger National Park, South Africa), while the others were “fires of opportunity” which are abundant during the burning season in southern Africa. We obtained the aerosol (0.1–3.0 μm diameter) number and mass emission ratios relative to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from 21 individual fires. The average particle number emission ratio ΔN/ΔCO (Δ: concentrations in plume minus background concentrations) varied between 14 ± 2 cm−3 ppb−1 for grasslands and 23 ± 7 cm−3 ppb−1 for savannas. An exceptionally high value of 43 ± 4 cm−3 ppb−1 was measured for a sugarcane fire. Similarly, the mass emission ratio ΔM/ΔCO varied from 36 ± 6 ng m−3 ppb−1 to 83 ± 45 ng m−3 ppb−1, respectively, with again an exceptionally high value of 124 ± 14 ng m−3 ppb−1 for the sugarcane fire. The number and mass emission ratios relative to CO depended strongly upon the fire intensity. Whereas the emission ratios varied greatly from one fire to the other, the aerosol number and volume distributions as a function of particle size were very consistent. The average background aerosol size distribution was characterized by three mass modes (0.2–0.4 μm, ≈1.0 μm, and ≈2.0 μm diameter). On the other hand, the aerosol size distribution in the smoke plumes showed only two mass modes, one centered in the interval 0.2–0.3 μm and the other above 2 μm diameter. From our mean emission factor (4 ± 1 g kg−1 dm) we estimate that savanna fires release some 11–18 Tg aerosol particles in the size range 0.1–3.0 μm annually, a somewhat lower amount than emitted from tropical forest fires. Worldwide, savanna fires emit some 3–8 × 1027 particles (in the same size range) annually, which is expected to make a substantial contribution to the cloud condensation nuclei population in the tropics.
Pengembangan LKPD Matematika dengan Model Learning Cycle 7E Berbantuan Mind Mapping

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan LKPD matematika dengan model Learning Cycle 7E berbantuan mind mapping yang berkualitas untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas X SMA/ MA pada materi pokok trigonometri. Model pengembangan menggunakan model prosedural, dengan prosedur pengembangan menurut Depdiknas yang diadaptasi dari prosedur pengembangan Borg dan Gall. Langkah-langkah prosedur pengembangan tersebut yaitu: (1) melakukan analisis produk yang dikembangkan; (2) mengembangkan produk awal; (3) validasi ahli dan revisi; (4) uji coba lapangan skala kecil dan revisi produk; (5) uji coba lapangan skala besar dan produk akhir. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar pedoman wawancara, lembar penilaian LKPD, lembar soal test, dan lembar skala respon peserta didik. Berdasarkan penilaian ahli diperoleh bahwa kualitas LKPD matematika mendapatkan kriteria sangat baik dengan persentase . Berdasarkan nilai post-test diperoleh bahwa sebanyak 86,67% peserta didik yang mengikuti post-test kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan 83,33% peserta didik yang mengikuti post-test kemampuan berpikir kreatif mendapatkan nilai lebih besar atau sama dengan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM), sehingga telah berhasil memfasilitasi kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan berpikir kreatif peserta didik pada materi pokok trigonometri. Selain itu, respon peserta didik terhadap LKPD matematika dengan model Learning Cycle 7E berbantuan mind mapping mendapatkan respon positif dengan persentase . Oleh karena itu, LKPD matematika dengan model learning cycle 7E berbantuan mind mapping pada materi pokok trigonometri kelas X SMA/ MA dikatakan berkualitas dan dapat memfasilitasi kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan berpikir kreatif berdasarkan kriteria ketercapaian valid, efektif, dan praktis.
Interactions of caregiver speech and early word learning in the Speechome corpus : computational explorations

the Speechome Corpus: Computational Explorations by Soroush Vosoughi B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2008) Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences, School of Architecture and Planning, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Media Arts and Sciences at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 2010 c © Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2010. All rights reserved.
Ocular Trauma: 2 Years Retrospective Study in Sari, Iran

Introduction: Ocular trauma is one of the very important causes of blindness and disability in developing countries; despite the fact that it is preventable in the majority of cases. Considering the importance of the topic and the fact that most of such injuries are preventable, a better understanding of the etiology and epidemiology of the injuries has a vital importance in planning for reduction of their prevalence. The current study has aimed to identify the prevalence and epidemiology of the ocular trauma at the University Hospital Boo-Ali-Sina in the city of Sari (Northern Iran) between 2009-2010. Method: This is a retrospective study of 178 patients’ case notes who were admitted through the ophthalmology service to the above center. A proforma was designed and For the purpose of classification, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) was used. Results: During the study period, 178 patients with eye trauma were admitted to the hospital of these, 135 (75.8%) male and 43 (24.2%) were female. 35 (19.7%) aged 25-34 and 98 (55.1%) cases lived in villages. The injuries were most common during winter (55/30.9% of cases). The most common diagnosis was open wound of eyelid (ICD-10 code: S01.1) (40/ 22.5% of cases) and in the majority of cases it was unilateral (left eye) (96/53.9%). The mode of the trauma was contact with blunt object in 22 (12.4%) cases (ICD-10 code: Y29). Conclusions: Considering the prevalence of ocular trauma, appropriate education and the use of safety equipment are important measures to prevent the injuries. Our data shows that the prevalence of the injuries amongst the young workers is high and this necessitates the age group to be the target for such education. The education should include the vulnerable population at both extremes of age.
A Bayesian approach to identifying the role of hospital structure and staff interactions in nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Nosocomial infections threaten patient safety, and were widely reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Effective hospital infection control requires a detailed understanding of the role of different transmission pathways, yet these are poorly quantified. Using patient and staff data from a large UK hospital we demonstrate a method to infer unobserved epidemiological event times efficiently and disentangle the infectious pressure dynamics by ward. A stochastic individual-level, continuous-time state-transition model was constructed to model transmission of SARS-CoV-2, incorporating a dynamic staff-patient contact network as time-varying parameters. A Metropolis-Hastings MCMC algorithm was used to estimate transmission rate parameters associated with each possible source of infection, and the unobserved infection and recovery times. We found that the total infectious pressure exerted on an individual in a ward varied over time, as did the primary source of transmission. There was marked heterogeneity between wards; each ward experienced unique infectious pressure over time. Hospital infection control should consider the role of between-ward movement of staff as a key infectious source of nosocomial infection for SARS-CoV-2. With further development, this method could be implemented routinely for real-time monitoring of nosocomial transmission and to evaluate interventions.
Cytokine status and significant increase of IL-6 and sIL-6R in the aqueous humor of diabetic cataract patients revealed by quantitative multiplexed assays

Objective This study aimed to investigate inflammatory cytokine expression profiles in the aqueous humor (AH) of diabetic cataract (DC) patients. Methods A quantitative multiplexed antibody assay was performed to measure the expression levels of 40 inflammatory cytokines in AH samples from DC and age-related cataract (ARC) patients. Bioinformatics analysis was used to examine the functions of the cytokines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and western blots were performed to verify the data. Results The multiplexed antibody assay revealed that the expression levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, IL-17A, IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-β, RANTES, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were higher in the AH of DC patients compared with ARC patients. However, IL-1ra and IL-1a expression levels were lower in the DC patient AH samples. Pathway analysis indicated that IL-6 and sIL-6R belong to the class I helical cytokine family, which is associated with many biological functions. ELISA and western blot results confirmed that IL-6R and IL-6 expression levels were significantly higher in DC patients compared with ARC patients. Conclusions Our results revealed the status of 40 inflammatory cytokines in the AH by quantitative multiplexed assays. Additionally, IL-6 and sIL-6R were expressed markedly higher in DC compared with ARC, which may play critical roles in DC pathophysiology.
The impact of age on ablation outcomes in AF‐mediated cardiomyopathy

The absence of ventricular scar in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and systolic heart failure (HF) predicts left ventricular (LV) recovery following AF ablation. It is unknown whether age impacts the degree of LV recovery, reverse remodeling, or AF recurrence following catheter ablation (CA) among this population.
Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to ceftolozane-tazobactam due to ampC and/or ampD mutations observed during treatment using semi-mechanistic PKPD modeling

ABSTRACT A double ampC (AmpCG183D) and ampD (AmpDH157Y) genes mutations have been identified by whole genome sequencing in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaS) that became resistant (PaR) in a patient treated by ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T). To precisely characterize the respective contributions of these mutations on the decreased susceptibility to C/T and on the parallel increased susceptibility to imipenem (IMI), mutants were generated by homologous recombination in PAO1 reference strain (PAO1- AmpCG183D, PAO1-AmpDH157Y, PAO1-AmpCG183D/AmpDH157Y) and in PaR (PaR-AmpCPaS/AmpDPaS). Sequential time-kill curve experiments were conducted on all strains and analyzed by semi-mechanistic PKPD modeling. A PKPD model with adaptation successfully described the data, allowing discrimination between initial and time-related (adaptive resistance) effects of mutations. With PAO1 and mutant-derived strains, initial EC50 values increased by 1.4, 4.1, and 29-fold after AmpCG183D , AmpDH157Y and AmpCG183D/AmpDH157Y mutations, respectively. EC50 values were increased by 320, 12.4, and 55-fold at the end of the 2 nd experiment. EC50 of PAO1-AmpCG183D/AmpDH157Y was higher than that of single mutants at any time of the experiments. Within the PaR clinical background, reversal of AmpCG183D, and AmpDH157Y mutations led to an important decrease of EC50 value, from 80.5 mg/L to 6.77 mg/L for PaR and PaR-AmpCPaS/AmpDPaS, respectively. The effect of mutations on IMI susceptibility mainly showed that the AmpCG183D mutation prevented the emergence of adaptive resistance. The model successfully described the separate and combined effect of AmpCG183D and AmpDH157Y mutations against C/T and IMI, allowing discrimination and quantification of the initial and time-related effects of mutations. This method could be reproduced in clinical strains to decipher complex resistance mechanisms.
Musculoskeletal phenotypes in 3q29 deletion syndrome

3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is a rare genomic disorder caused by a 1.6 Mb deletion (hg19, chr3:195725000–197350000). 3q29del is associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric phenotypes, including an astonishing >40‐fold increased risk for schizophrenia, but medical phenotypes are less well‐described. We used the online 3q29 registry of 206 individuals (3q29deletion.org) to recruit 57 individuals with 3q29del (56.14% male) and requested information about musculoskeletal phenotypes with a custom questionnaire. 85.96% of participants with 3q29del reported at least one musculoskeletal phenotype. Congenital anomalies were most common (70.18%), with pes planus (40.35%), pectus excavatum (22.81%), and pectus carinatum (5.26%) significantly elevated relative to the pediatric general population. 49.12% of participants reported fatigue after 30 min or less of activity. Bone fractures (8.77%) were significantly elevated relative to the pediatric general population. Participants commonly report receiving medical care for musculoskeletal complaints (71.93%), indicating that these phenotypes impact quality of life for individuals with 3q29del. This is the most comprehensive description of musculoskeletal phenotypes in 3q29del to date, suggests ideas for clinical evaluation, and expands our understanding of the phenotypic spectrum of this syndrome.
Association of dietary and lifestyle inflammation score with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian adults: Sabzevar Persian Cohort Study

Abstract Systemic inflammation may contribute to the initiation and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through diet and lifestyle. We examined the association of dietary inflammation score (DIS), lifestyle inflammation score (LIS) and dietary and lifestyle inflammation score (DLIS) with T2DM and cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adults. In this study, we identified and recruited 619 patients with T2DM and 2113 without T2DM from 35 to 75 years old men and women in the baseline phase of the Sabzevar Persian Cohort Study. Using a validated 115-item semi-quantitative FFQ, we calculated a 19-component DIS and a 3-component LIS weighted by circulating inflammation biomarkers. The DIS, LIS and DLIS associations with diabetes were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The average age of the participants was 48·29 (sd 8·53) (without T2DM: 47·66 (sd 8·42); with T2DM: 50·44 (sd 8·57)). Individuals in the highest compared with the lowest tertiles of DLIS (OR: 3·40; 95 % CI 2·65, 4·35; P trend < 0·001), DIS (OR: 3·41; 95 % CI 2·66, 4·38; P trend < 0·001) and LIS (OR: 1·15; 95 % CI 0·90, 1·46; P trend = 0·521) had an increased risk of T2DM. For those in the highest relative to the lowest joint DIS and LIS tertiles, the results were OR: 3·37; 95 % CI 2·13, 5·32; P interaction < 0·001. No significant associations were found between DLIS and cardiometabolic risk factors, including blood pressure, liver enzymes and glycaemic and lipid profiles, except for waist circumference (P < 0·001) and waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0·010). A higher DIS and DLIS score was associated with a higher risk of T2DM, while the LIS score was not associated with T2DM risk.
Safety and effectiveness of recombinant human erythropoietin coupled with different doses of Roxadustat for treatment of renal anemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in combination with different doses of Roxadustat in treating renal anemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS Eighty patients with renal anemia on maintenance hemodialysis treated in Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as study subjects, and they were divided into a study group (n=40, high-dose Roxadustat + rHuEPO therapy) and a control group (Con) (n=40, low-dose Roxadustat + rHuEPO therapy) in accordance with different therapies. The effects of anemia therapy, changes in anemia indicators (hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct)), changes in iron metabolism indicators (transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum ferritin (SF)), changes in oxidative stress indicators Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and changes in microinflammatory indicators IL6, CRP were compared between the two groups. The occurrences of adverse effects during therapy were counted and compared between the two groups. RESULTS The therapy efficiency of the study group was 97.50% (39/40), which was higher than 85.00% (34/40) in the control group (P=0.048). The contents of Hb, Hct, TSAT, and SF were higher in the study group than the Con after therapy (all P<0.001 or P=0.001). The contents of MDA, IL6, and CRP were significantly lower in the study group than the Con after therapy (all P<0.001). The occurrence of adverse effects was 10.00% in the study group, which was higher than 5.00% in the Con, but the difference was not significant (P=0.396). CONCLUSION The combination of rHuEPO and high-dose Roxadustat (120 mg/time) has a better effect on improving anemia symptoms in maintenance hemodialysis patients than in those who take low dose Roxadustat (100 mg/time). It can significantly improve anemia and iron metabolism indicators and alleviate patients' inflammation and oxidative stress levels.