Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Agile, Portable Antenna System for LEO Megaconstellation-Based PNT

This paper develops an antenna system to support use of signals from low Earth orbit (LEO) megaconstellations to conduct satellite beam and channel occupancy studies. The antenna system is based on an articulated horn antenna that can reposition itself from one LEO satellite vehicle (SV) to another in less than a second, which allows quasi-continuous LEO signal tracking despite the frequent satellite handoffs that occur in a LEO-based communications network. It offers an alternative to phased-array antennas for LEO megaconstellation signals, which are not yet commercially available at a reasonable cost. The system automatically directs its horn antenna towards transmitting LEO SVs such that acquisition and tracking through a matched filter can be performed using known portions of the signal structure. This system serves as a proof-of-concept and development base for a full LEO position, navigation, and timing (PNT) solution. Experimental results are presented showing successful sequential acquisition of time of arrival measurements from SpaceX’s Starlink constellation as well as preliminary results for beam and channel occupancy, observing that up to three SVs may be simultaneously transmitting assigned beams toward a given user service cell.
CSR-company fit in the sin industry: addressing negative contributions, NFC, and perceived motives

ABSTRACT Guided by the persuasion knowledge model, this study investigated how the fit between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and a sin company that makes negative societal contributions influences consumers’ responses. Specifically, using a sample of 234 Koreans, it examined whether individual differences in need for cognition (NFC) moderate CSR-company fit and how such NFC-moderated fit affects consumers’ responses through two distinct perceived motives (i.e. public-serving motive, self-serving motive). The analysis showed that NFC moderated the fit’s influence on perceived public-serving motives, perceived self-serving motives, and attitudes toward CSR. It also indicated that the NFC-moderated fit indirectly impacted attitudes toward CSR and positive word-of-mouth intentions via perceived public-serving motives.
Low elevation of the northern Lhasa terrane in the Eocene: Implications for relief development in south Tibet

The uplift history of Tibet is crucial for understanding the geodynamic and palaeoclimatologic evolution of Asia; however, the pattern of plateau uplift through space and time remains unresolved. We use stable isotope data from palaeosol carbonates to reconstruct the Eocene (~46 Ma) elevation of the Tangra Yum Co region (northern Lhasa terrane). The difference between the oxygen isotopic compositions of the studied palaeosols and Eocene surface water near the source of the Indian monsoon indicates a palaeoelevation of 2590 (+730/−910) m for Tangra Yum Co (present altitude: ~4600 m). A similar palaeoaltitude is obtained by comparing our data with modern soils and taking past environmental changes into account. Combining our results with published palaeoelevation estimates for Tibet suggests significant relief (~2 km) during the Eocene, when a low‐lying basin in the northern Lhasa terrane was bounded by the Qiangtang and Gangdese mountain belts to the north and south respectively.
Atypical Hierarchical Connectivity Revealed by Stepwise Functional Connectivity in Aging

Hierarchical functional structure plays a crucial role in brain function. We aimed to investigate how aging affects hierarchical functional structure and to evaluate the relationship between such effects and molecular, microvascular, and cognitive features. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 95 older adults (66.94 ± 7.23 years) and 44 younger adults (21.8 ± 2.53 years) and employed an innovative graph-theory-based analysis (stepwise functional connectivity (SFC)) to reveal the effects of aging on hierarchical functional structure in the brain. In the older group, an SFC pattern converged on the primary sensory—motor network (PSN) rather than the default mode network (DMN). Moreover, SFC decreased in the DMN and increased in the PSN at longer link-steps in aging, indicating a reconfiguration of brain hub systems during aging. Subsequent correlation analyses were performed between SFC values and molecular, microvascular features, and behavioral performance. Altered SFC patterns were associated with dopamine and serotonin, suggesting that altered hierarchical functional structure in aging is linked to the molecular fundament with dopamine and serotonin. Furthermore, increased SFC in the PSN, decreased SFC in the DMN, and accelerated convergence rate were all linked to poorer microvascular features and lower executive function. Finally, a mediation analysis among SFC features, microvascular features, and behavioral performance indicated that the microvascular state may influence executive function through SFC features, highlighting the interactive effects of SFC features and microvascular state on cognition.
Modelling obesity in Scotland

Overweight and obesity prevalence has been on the increase in Scotland since the 1990s when monitoring began with the Scottish Health Surveys. In this study models are developed that describe the prevalence of obesity in Scotland by analysing data from the Scottish Health Surveys. In particular, we study how the Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) vary with gender, age and socio-economic status, and investigate whether there is a shift in the entire BMI/WHR distributions or simply a stretching-out of the upper tail (roughly corresponding to the overweight/obese categories). Logistic regression is employed for modelling obesity prevalence, and generalised additive models are employed to examine the relationship between BMI/WHR and gender, age, socio-economic status and survey year. The odds of being overweight or obese increase with age, which is also the case for log(BMI) and WHR, with differing gender patterns. The rate of increase in BMI and WHR is at its greatest for individuals aged between 16 and 30, and gradually slows down before decreasing for males over the age of 55, but remains increasing for females of the same age. No significant difference in obesity prevalence is observed for males in social classes iii manual and iv & v, but males in social class iii non-manual are 1.27 times more likely to be obese in comparison to males in social classes i & ii. For females, the odds of being obese increase with each consecutive social class. Quantile regression is used to study how the entire conditional distribution of BMI and WHR vary with gender, age, socio-economic status and survey year. By specifying changes in the quantiles of the response (BMI/WHR), quantile regression highlights an uneven increase in the BMI and WHR over time; in each subsequent survey all quantiles shift to the right, but this increase is larger for the upper tail of the distribution. The effects of socio-economic status also vary across the quantiles of the BMI and WHR distributions, with males in each subsequent social class who lie at the lower end of the distribution having lower BMI values than males in social classes i & ii, but higher BMI values at the upper end of the distribution. Finally, subtle gender differences are observed in the relationship between BMI/WHR and age. In conclusion, quantile regression allows us to go beyond obesity prevalence and examine finer aspects of the BMI and WHR distributions.
Modern and historic atmospheric mercury fluxes in both hemispheres: Global and regional mercury cycling implications

Using two different natural archiving media from remote locations, we have reconstructed the atmospheric deposition of mercury (Hg) over the last 800–1000 years in both hemispheres. This effort was designed (1) to quantify the historical variation and distributional patterns of atmospheric Hg fluxes in the midlatitudes of North America at Nova Scotia (N.S.) and at a comparable midlatitude region in the Southern Hemisphere at New Zealand (N.S.), (2) to identify and quantify the influence of anthropogenic and natural Hg contributions to atmospheric Hg fluxes, (3) to further investigate the suitability and comparability of our two selected media (lake sediments and ombrotrophic peat) for Hg depositional reconstructions, and (4) to assess the relative importance of wet and dry deposition to the study areas. Significant findings from the study include the following: (1) The lake sediments examined appear to faithfully record the contemporary flux of Hg from the atmosphere (e.g., 1997: N.S. Lakes: approximately 8 ± 3 μg m−2 yr−1; N.S. Rain: 8 μg m−2 yr−1). The upper 10 cm (approximately 10 yr) of ombrotrophic peat cores from Nova Scotia were dated using a biological chronometer (Polytrichum) and were also consistent with the flux data provided by current direct sampling of precipitation. These observations place limits on the contribution of dry deposition (40 ± 50% of wet flux). Unfortunately, the peat samples could not be dated below 10 cm. This was due to the apparent diagenetic mobility of the geochronological tracer (210Pb). (2) There is no evidence of a significant enhancement in the atmospheric Hg flux as a result of preindustrial (<1900 c.e. (Common Era)) activities such as the extensive Au and Ag mining in the Americas. (3) A factor of 3 and 5x increase in the deposition of Hg to the lake sediment archives was observed since the advent of the industrial revolution in New Zealand and Nova Scotia respectively, suggesting a worldwide increase in the atmospheric deposition of Hg. Furthermore, this increase is synchronous with increases in the release of CO2 from combustion of fossil fuels on a global scale. The magnitude of increase since industrialization appears larger in Nova Scotia than in New Zealand. This may be due to enhanced deposition of Hg as a result of either regional emission of Hg or enhanced regional oxidation of Hg°.
Laboratory measurements of charge separation in low liquid water content conditions and low impact velocity

A laboratory investigation of the electric charge separated in collisions between vapor‐grown ice crystals and a target growing by riming is presented in this work, with the goal of studying the performance of the noninductive mechanism under microphysical conditions similar to some of those which occur in the stratiform regions of the mesoscale convective systems. A series of experiments were conducted by using a target of 2 mm in diameter, for ambient temperatures between −7°C and −13°C, effective liquid water content between 0.05 and 0.5 g m−3, and air speeds between 1 and 3 m s−1. Charge diagrams of the sign of the electric charge transfer on the rimer as a function of the ambient temperature and the effective liquid water content for each velocity are presented. The results show that the riming target charges positive for temperatures above −10°C. For temperatures below −10°C, the charging is positive for high liquid water content and negative for low liquid water content. The magnitude of the charge transfer per collision under the studied conditions ranges from 0.01 to 0.2 fC. The implications of these results to the electrification processes are discussed.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Simple Summary Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that has been increasingly reported around the world. A variety of domestic and wild animal species can serve as natural or accidental hosts for the pathogenic Leptospira spp. Among these, swine can function as either maintenance or accidental hosts. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and associated risk factors in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Serological analysis was performed on 1393 serum samples collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties in different regions of the state. The samples were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different Leptospira spp serovar. The results showed an overall seroprevalence of 68.78% for Leptospira spp. antibodies, with the most commonly detected serogroups being Icterohaemorrhagie (19.58%), Pyrogenes (7.94%), and Pomona (7.94%). The lack of rodent control has been identified as a risk factor for Leptospira spp. infection in the backyard pig population. This study highlights the high prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection in backyard pigs’ sites in Paraná and emphasizes the importance of implementing measures to control and prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease. Abstract Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. Among different animal species, pigs are known to play a crucial role in the transmission of the pathogenic Leptospira spp. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and associated risk factors in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil. A set of 1393 blood samples were collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties from 136 different municipalities of the Paraná state and tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different Leptospira spp. serovars. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence of 15.87% (221/1393; 95% CI: 13.95–17.78%) for Leptospira spp. antibodies, with Icterohaemorrhagiae, Butembo, and Pomona being the most commonly detected in serovar levels. The lack of rodent control (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.63–1.98, p = 0.02) was the only variable associated with disease incidence and was identified as a significant risk factor for Leptospira spp. infection in this context. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement effective control measures, such as improved housing conditions, rodent control, and veterinary assistance, to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in backyard pigs in Paraná, Brazil.
The Impact of Social Media on Vaccination: A Narrative Review

Vaccine hesitancy poses a significant global health challenge, fueled by misinformation and anti-vaccination campaigns on social media platforms (SMPs). This study examines the influence of social media on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 vaccination in Asia during the peri-pandemic period. Through a comprehensive analysis of available literature, we aim to elucidate the role of SMPs in shaping vaccination attitudes and behaviors. The findings highlight the detrimental impact of social media on vaccination efforts and provide insights into addressing vaccine hesitancy during this critical period. A narrative review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from inception to May 26, 2022. Only English-language articles involving human participants from Asian countries were included in this review. Out of the 228 articles identified through the database search, 14 articles were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy or negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines in Asian countries was found to be high, ranging from 20% to 55% across countries. Notably, reliance on SMPs for vaccine-related information was associated with a higher likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This trend coincided with the proliferation of misinformation and conspiracy theories that portrayed COVID-19 vaccines as harmful during the pandemic. Similar patterns were observed for other types of vaccines, including polio, measles mumps and rubella, and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines. The use of SMPs was also found to be associated with increased fear among caregivers in Asian countries, as well as a 3–4 times higher likelihood of delayed immunization. SMPs negatively impact vaccine intent in Asia due to misinformation and anti-vaccination campaigns during the pandemic. However, they can be a powerful tool for healthcare providers and policymakers to promote informed decision-making. Efforts should focus on leveraging SMPs to disseminate reliable information and combat hesitancy, fostering a well-informed and vaccinated population in Asia.
A Carbonate Submarine-Fan Sequence from the Jurassic of Portugal

ABSTRACT A prograding, carbonate submarine-fan sequence is described from the Toarcian-Aalenian of western Portugal. The sequence is predominantly composed of shallow-water carbonate grains but can be interpreted using the current siliclastic submarine-fan models. Basin-plain to outer-fan, braided-channel midfan, and large channel-fill sequences can be recognized. The source of the carbonate grains was a platform developed on an uplifted Hercynian horst to the west of present mainland Portugal. The fan sequence overlies restricted basin deposits with organic-rich mudstones and shales. This association of restricted basin facies and a thick (over 300 m) carbonate grainstone could be an attractive hydrocarbon play. However, such limestone sequences are easily misinterpreted as in situ shelf carb nates.
Relationship between OH measurements on two different NASA aircraft during PEM Tropics B

OH measurements were performed on both the P3-B and the DC-8 aircraft throughout Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM) Tropics B, using two very different measurement techniques. While no direct comparison was possible because of the difference in flight paths of the two aircraft, two brief measurement periods in close proximity allow at least a glimpse of how the two measurements compare. The first comparison took place in the marine boundary layer and showed exceptionally good agreement between the two aircraft OH measurements. The second set of close proximity flights at 5.5-km altitude resulted in an average concentration difference approximately equal to the uncertainty limit associated with either individual instrument but much less than the combined uncertainties from all the contributing measurements. In both cases the comparisons were made by normalizing the data with a photostationary state model. In addition, a comparison of the OH concentrations measured by each aircraft from 25°N latitude to 25°S latitude over the entire longitude and altitude range of the mission resulted in agreement within ∼10% but with a trend of higher DC-8/P-3B OH ratios at higher altitudes. While a definitive comparison of these two OH instruments must await a far more rigorous future test, the present results show that there were no clear OH measurement discrepancies observed. The dramatic differences in these two measurement techniques also minimizes the chance of common interferences or calibration errors.
A magnetotelluric transect of the Wairarapa region, New Zealand

Abstract Magnetotelluric (MT) soundings have been made at 14 sites along a traverse of the Wairarapa region at the southwest end of the active Hikurangi margin. Joint inversion of direct current resistivity soundings and the MT data indicates that the MT data are unaffected by static‐shift. Analysis of the dimensionality of the data suggests that the transverse electric (TE) mode data (derived from an electric field parallel to the strike of the margin) may be distorted by 3D effects arising from the presence of Cook Strait and the non‐continuity of structure along the margin. 2D inversion of the more robust transverse magnetic (TM) mode responses has therefore been used to derive a model of electrical resistivity structure beneath the transect. This shows the existence of two depressions containing low‐resistivity sediments separated by a more resistive region which is inferred to correlate with a spur of Mesozoic greywacke extending north from the Aorangi Mountains. The same features were previously identified from gravity data. The thickness of sediments adjacent to the Wairarapa Fault is of the order of 3–4 km, whereas that in the western arm of the Wairarapa trough is c. 2–3 km. The resistivity structure of the southwest end of the Hikurangi margin is more complex than the structure determined farther north along the margin.
Fifteen-year outcomes of the ProtecT trial: Should patients be “protected” from radical treatments?

SUMMARY A 15 year follow up of the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial, [1] which was a phase III, multicenter randomized control trial performed in the UK, was recently published. The trial had recruited men aged 50–69 years, with clinically localized prostate cancer(PCa), detected on community-based PSA screening, and had randomly assigned them to undergo either active monitoring (AM) (n = 545), radical prostatectomy (RP) ( n = 553), or radiotherapy (RT) (n = 545). The primary outcome measure was death from prostate cancer, and the secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality, metastasis, initiation of long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and complications from radical treatment. The median follow-up was 15 years (range = 11– 21 years) and 45 (2.7%) prostate cancer related deaths were reported;, 17 (3.1%) in the AM group, 12 (2.2%) in the prostatectomy group, and 16 (2.9%) in the RT group (overall P = 0.53). 66.3% of the patients had low-risk disease, 90% had a PSA <10 ng/mL, 77% had ISUP grade 1 (20% ISUP grade 2–3), and 76% belonged to T1c, whereas the other 33% patients mainly had intermediate-risk disease. After 15-years of follow-up, a high proportion of patients who were randomly assigned to radical treatments received their respective treatment, 504 in RP (92.5%) and 500 in RT (90.4%). In the AM group, 333 men (61.1%) reported a change in the management to radical treatment, a 6.3% increase from
Testing inverse kinematic models of paleocrustal thickness in extensional systems with high‐resolution forward thermo‐mechanical models

Reconstructing continental paleocrustal thickness is important for estimating tectonic accommodation, constraining three‐dimensional basin geometry during early rifting phases of extensional margins and predicting the distribution of thick crustal sills that may block the global ocean and create restricted basins. We test an inverse kinematic method for modeling paleocrustal thickness by inverting the final bulk crustal structure produced from high‐resolution thermo‐mechanical models of lithospheric extension. The inverse kinematic method assumes pure shear, includes simple rules based on geodynamic models and field observations and requires displacement boundary conditions and the prescription of a transition from rigid to nonrigid deformation. The inverse pure‐shear method produces a history of bulk crustal thickness that closely matches the forward models provided that the width of the rift zone is narrow during the later phases of continental extension when crust undergoes hyper‐extension. We also observe that the width and surface trace of large‐scale (LS) shear zones observed in the thermo‐mechanical models coincide with inflection points and large gradients in inverted nonrigid velocity field. Our results demonstrate that if displacement boundary conditions can be constrained and the transition from rigid to nonrigid deformation defines a narrow rift zone during hyper‐extension then relatively simple kinematic rules can be used to invert present‐day bulk crustal structure for paleocrustal thickness, bulk lateral strain and aspects of upper crustal shear zone geometry from extensional systems with nonlinear rheology, structures dominated by simple shear in the upper crust, depth‐dependent extension and asymmetric crustal thinning.