Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Routing, disjoint paths, and classification

In this thesis, we study three problems: routing, edge disjoint paths, and classification. In hierarchical routing, we obtain "near-optimal" routing table size and path stretch through a randomized hierarchical decomposition scheme in the metric space induced by a graph. We say that a metric (X, d) has doubling dimension dim(X) at most α if every set of diameter D can be covered by 2α sets of diameter D/2. (A doubling metric is one whose doubling dimension dim(X) is a constant. ) For a connected graph G, whose shortest path distances dG induce the doubling metric (X, dG), we show how to perform (1 + τ)-stretch routing on G for any 0 < τ ≤ 1 with routing tables of size at most (α/τ) O(α) logΔlogδ bits with only (α/τ)O(α) logΔ entries, where Δ is the diameter of G and δ is the maximum degree of G. The Edge Disjoint Paths (EDP) problem in undirected graphs refers to the following: Given a graph G with n nodes and a set T of pairs of terminals, connect as many terminal pairs as possible using paths that are mutually edge disjoint. This leads to a variety of classic NP-complete problems, for which approximability is not well understood. We show a polylogarithmic approximation algorithm for the undirected EDP problem in general graphs with a moderate restriction on graph connectivity: we require the global minimum cut of G to be Ω(log5 n). Our algorithm extends previous techniques in that it applies to graphs with high diameters and asymptotically large minors. In the classification problem, we are given a set of 2N diploid individuals from population P1 and P2 (with no admixture), and a small amount of multilocus genotype data from the same set of K loci for all 2N individuals, and we aim to partition P 1 and P2 perfectly. In our model, given the population of origin of each individual, the genotypes are assumed to be generated by drawing alleles independently at random across the K loci, each form its own distribution. We show several results for this problem.
Oncogenic Long Noncoding RNAs in Prostate Cancer, Osteosarcoma, and Metastasis

Prostate cancer (PC) is a common malignancy and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone cancer, representing 20–40% of all bone malignancy cases. Cancer metastasis is a process by which malignant tumor cells detach from the primary tumor site via a cascade of processes and migrate to secondary sites through the blood circulation or lymphatic system to colonize and form secondary tumors. PC has a specific affinity to the bone based on the “seed and soil” theory; once PC reach the bone, it becomes incurable. Several studies have identified long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential targets for cancer therapy or as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The dysregulation of various lncRNAs has been found in various cancer types, including PC, OS, and metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying lncRNA oncogenic activity in tumor progression and metastasis are extremely complex and remain incompletely understood. Therefore, understanding oncogenic lncRNAs and their role in OS, PC, and metastasis and the underlying mechanism may help better manage and treat this malignancy. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of oncogenic lncRNAs and their involvement in PC, OS, and bone metastasis.
High-Efficiency Watt-Level E-band GaN Power Amplifier with a Compact Low-loss Combiner

This paper presents a 3-stage E-band (71–83 GHz) power amplifier (PA) that employs a compact low-loss distributed matching network (DMN), which performs both the output matching and power combining. As a result of this, the measured PA achieves an output power of 30.4 dBm ± 0.9 dB (1.12 W ± 0.23 W) across the band. The PA achieves a peak output power of 1.35 W with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 20.8% and a power gain of 16.3 dB at 78 GHz. The associated power density is 1.87 W/mm. When biased with 10V supply voltage, a peak PAE of 25% is reached. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the peak PAE with the power gain and associated power density are the highest values reported in GaN technologies at E-band.
Endoscopic surveillance of Lynch syndrome at a highly specialized center in Sweden: An observational study of interval colorectal cancer and individual risk factors

Introduction Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common hereditary cause of colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to detect CRCs amongst LS patients, regular colonoscopies are recommended. However, an international agreement on an optimal surveillance interval has not yet been reached. In addition, few studies have investigated factors that could potentially increase the CRC risk amongst LS patients. Aims The primary aim was to describe the frequency of CRCs detected during endoscopic surveillance and to estimate the interval from a clean colonoscopy to CRC detection amongst LS patients. The secondary aim was to investigate individual risk factors, including sex, LS genotype, smoking, aspirin use and body mass index (BMI), on CRC risk amongst patients that develop CRC before and during surveillance. Material and methods Clinical data and colonoscopy findings from 366 LS patients’ 1437 surveillance colonoscopies were collected from medical records and patient protocols. Logistic regression and Fisher’s exact test were used to investigate associations between individual risk factors and CRC development. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution of TNM stages of CRC detected before surveillance and after index. Results CRC was detected in 80 patients before surveillance and in 28 patients during surveillance (10 at index and 18 after index). During the surveillance programme, CRC was detected within 24 months in 65% of the patients, and after 24 months within 35% of the patients. CRC was more common amongst men, previous and current smokers, and the odds of developing CRC also increased with an increasing BMI. CRCs were more often detected amongst MLH1 and MSH2 carriers during surveillance, compared to the other genotypes. Conclusions We found that 35% of the CRC cases detected during surveillance were found after 24 months. MLH1 and MSH2 carriers were at higher risk of developing CRC during surveillance. Additionally, men, current or previous smokers, and patients with a higher BMI were at higher risk of developing CRC. Currently, LS patients are recommended a “one-size-fits-all” surveillance program. The results support the development of a risk-score whereby individual risk factors should be taken into consideration when deciding on an optimal surveillance interval.
Analgesic Use in Patients during Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation-induced consciousness is a newly recognized phenomenon with an increasing incidence. A return of consciousness during cardiopulmonary resuscitation affects up to 0.9% of cases. Patients may also experience physical pain associated with chest compressions, as most victims of cardiac arrest who are subjected to resuscitative efforts sustain ribs or sternum fractures. Methods: A rapid review was carried out from August 2021 to December 2022. Results: Thirty-two articles were included in the rapid review. Of these, eleven studies focused on the return of consciousness during CPR, and twenty-one on CPR-induced chest injuries. Conclusion: A small number of studies that have dealt with the return of consciousness associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation made it hard to clearly determine how often this occurs. There were more studies that dealt with chest trauma during resuscitation, but no study considered the use of analgesics. Of note, there was no standardized therapeutic approach as far as the use of analgesics and/or sedatives was considered. This is probably due to the lack of guidelines for analgesic management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and peri-resuscitative period.
A Comparison of Three Methods of Introducing Two-Digit Numeration.

Few, if any, mathematics educators question the importance of children having a thorough understanding of the Hindu-Arabic numeration system. It is not an exaggeration to assert that this knowledge is fundamental to understanding arithmetical algorithms, although it must be conceded that children can still obtain correct answers to these algorithms without this understanding. Nevertheless, studies (e.g., C. Smith, 1968; R. Smith, 1973) frequently point to the relation between poor performance on algorithms and poor understanding of numeration principles. Researchers investigating ways of improving understanding of the HinduArabic numeration system have been almost exclusively concerned with instruction in nondecimal base systems. Fehr (1966) expressed doubts that learning nondecimal base systems would have any significant effect on understanding the base ten system, and the experimental evidence obtained since seems to support his contention. A fair summary of this research into nondecimal systems would seem to be that if understanding of the base ten system is required, then a teacher is advised to spend time teaching base ten rather than other bases. This advice is all the more plausible because each of the researchers concerned with this issue has used a different combination of
Promotion of In Vitro Osteogenic Activity by Melt Extrusion-Based PLLA/PCL/PHBV Scaffolds Enriched with Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Strontium Substituted Nano-Hydroxyapatite

Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of current treatments for bone-related disorders, but the trade-off between mechanical properties and bioactivity remains a concern for many polymeric materials. To address this need, novel polymeric blends of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) have been explored. Blend filaments comprising PLLA/PCL/PHBV at a ratio of 90/5/5 wt% have been prepared using twin-screw extrusion. The PLLA/PCL/PHBV blends were enriched with nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) and strontium-substituted nano-HA (Sr-nano-HA) to produce composite filaments. Three-dimensional scaffolds were printed by fused deposition modelling from PLLA/PCL/PHBV blend and composite filaments and evaluated mechanically and biologically for their capacity to support bone formation in vitro. The composite scaffolds had a mean porosity of 40%, mean pores of 800 µm, and an average compressive modulus of 32 MPa. Polymer blend and enriched scaffolds supported cell attachment and proliferation. The alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium production were significantly higher in composite scaffolds compared to the blends. These findings demonstrate that thermoplastic polyesters (PLLA and PCL) can be combined with polymers produced via a bacterial route (PHBV) to produce polymer blends with excellent biocompatibility, providing additional options for polymer blend optimization. The enrichment of the blend with nano-HA and Sr-nano-HA powders enhanced the osteogenic potential in vitro.
Gauge theory and supergravity duality in the pp-wave background

We test the matrix theory conjecture in the pp-wave by studying two-body interactions between gravitons and membranes. We compute the one-loop effective potential of matrix theory and compare it to the light cone Lagrangian of linearized supergravity. We have exact agreement in the absence of M-momentum transfer. We also find the effective potential that smoothly interpolates between the spherical membrane result and the graviton result. We also collect here partial results from our investigation of interactions with M-momentum transfer.
Steady-State Security Regions of Power Systems

A steady-state security region is a set of real and reactive power injections (load demands and power generations) for which the power flow equations and the security constraints imposed by equipment operating limits are satisfied. The problem of determining steady-state security regions is formulated as one of finding sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to the power flow map within the security constraint set. Explicit limits on real and reactive power injections at each bus are obtained, such that if each injection lies within the corresponding limits, the system is guaranteed to operate with security constraints satisfied.
Sparse local discriminant projections for discriminant knowledge extraction and classification

One of the major disadvantages of the linear dimensionality reduction algorithms, such as principle component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), is that the projections are lack of physical interpretation. Moreover, which features or variables play an important role in feature extraction and classification in classical linear dimensionality reduction methods is still not investigated well. This paper proposes a novel supervised learning method called sparse local discriminant projections (SLDPs) for linear dimensionality reduction. Differed from the recent manifold-learning-based methods such as local preserving projections (LPPs), SLDP introduces a sparse constraint into the objective function and integrates the local geometry, discriminant information and within-class geometry to obtain the sparse projections. The sparse projections can be efficiently computed by the Elastic Net. The most important and interesting thing is that the sparse projections learned by SLDP have a direct physical interpretation and provide us the discriminant knowledge and insightful understanding for the extracted features. The experimental results show that SLDP can give reasonable semantic results and achieves competitive performance compared with some techniques such as PCA, LPP, neighbourhood preserving embedding (NPE) and the recently proposed unified sparse subspace learning (USSL).
EarlyDetect: Development of tool for early detection of stomach adenocarcinoma based on blood-lipid profile as clinicopathological feature

Background: Clinicopathological features are used for detection of diseases. Early detection of cancer can be significance for understanding the behavior of disease. Results: We developed a tool to observe stomach adenocarcinoma in reference of blood-lipid profile. Background of the tool is based on the study made on RNAseq expression analysis of stomach adenocarcinoma. Raw data for study was collected as gene-expression profile from population of cancer-vs-normal. A series of studies performed including: differential gene expression analysis, plasma proteome mapping, extraction of gene-signature enriched with LSTM system model, AI-guided simulation of systems model of gene network, and AI-guided mapping with blood lipid profile to develop R-Shiny web-application. Conclusion: EarlyDetect, is freely available at https://csir-icmr.shinyapps. io/EarlyDetect/. The tool can be utilized for (i) virtual observation of impact of different combinations of lipid profile in cancer progression; (ii) early detection of cancer state for new comer patients.
Development of a Complete Dynamic Model of a Planar Five-Link Biped and Sliding Mode Control of Its Locomotion During the Double Support Phase

This paper presents a complete dynamic model of a planar five-link biped walking on level ground. The single support phase (SSP), double support phase (DSP) and double impact occurring at the heel strike are included in the model. By modifying the conventional definition of certain physical parameters of the biped system, it is shown that the procedure of the derivation of the dynamic equations and their final forms are significantly simplified. For motion regulation during the DSP, our dynamic model is formulated as the motion of biped system under holonomic constraints, and the hip position and the trunk orientation are selected as the independent generalized coordinates to describe the constraint system and to eliminate the constraint forces from the equations of motion. Based on the presented dynamic formulation, we develop a sliding mode controller for motion regulation during the DSP where the biped is treated as a redundant manipulator. The stability and the robustness of the controller are investigated, and its effectiveness is demonstrated by computer simulations. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that a sliding mode controller is developed for biped walking during the DSP. This work makes it possible to provide robust sliding mode control to a full range of biped walking and to yield dexterity and versatility for performing specific gait patterns.
Does Increasing Horizontal Resolution Produce More Skillful Forecasts

This paper examines the impacts of increasing horizontal resolution on the performance of mesoscale numerical weather prediction models. A review of previous studies suggests that decreasing grid spacing to approximately 10 km or less generally produces more realistic mesoscale structures, with particular benefits for orographically and diurnally driven flows. There have been only a few long-term objective verification studies of high-resolution forecasts, and these studies suggest, perhaps deceptively, that there are diminishing returns as horizontal grid spacing decreases below approximately 10 km. A multiyear objective verification of the University of Washington MM5 real-time forecasting system compares the realism of predicted surface parameters at 36-, 12-, and 4-km grid spacing over western Washington state for periods up to 48 h. Traditional verification statistics (such as mean absolute, bias, and root-mean-square error) are calculated by interpolating model forecasts to the observation sites. Fo.
Curvature of the Spectral Energy Distribution, Compton Dominance, and Synchrotron Peak Frequency in Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei

We collect a large sample with a reliable redshift detected by the Fermi satellite after 10 yr of data (4FGL-DR2), including blazars, gamma-ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (γNLS1s), and radio galaxies. The spectral energy distributions of these Fermi sources are fitted by using a second-degree polynomial, and some important parameters including spectral curvature, synchrotron peak frequency, and peak luminosity are obtained. Based on those parameters, we discuss the Fermi blazar sequence and the particle acceleration mechanism. Our main results are as follows: (i) By studying the relationship between the synchrotron peak frequency and the synchrotron peak frequency luminosity, jet kinetic power, and gamma-ray luminosity for jetted active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we find an “L” shape in the Fermi blazar sequence. (ii) There is a significant anticorrelation between the Compton dominance, the black hole spin, and the synchrotron peak frequency for jetted AGNs, respectively. These results support that the γNLS1s and radio galaxies belong to the Fermi blazar sequence. (iii) On the basis of previous work, statistical or stochastic acceleration mechanisms can be used to explain the relationship between the synchrotron peak frequency and synchrotron curvature. For different subclasses, the correlation slopes are different, which implies that the Fermi sources of different subclasses have different acceleration mechanisms. (iv) Flat-spectrum radio quasars and γNLS1s have a higher median spin of a black hole than BL Lac objects and radio galaxies.
Spoiler‐Generated Flow Noise. I. The Experiment

We discuss the growing importance of forms of aerodynamic noise other than classical jet noise in the modern gas‐turbine engine. An experiment is described in which, on a model scale, the sound‐generating capabilities of a flow spoiler within the environment of a pipe have been studied. A selection of results is presented. These show some of the principal findings of the study and the appearance of a correlation scheme for spoiler noise based on the total pressure drop across the spoiler.
Excitation and power spectrum analysis of electromagnetic radiation for the plasma wake of reentry vehicles

The plasma wake of reentry vehicles has the advantages of extensive space range and long traceability, which provides new possibilities for the detection and monitoring of reentry vehicles. Based on the Zakharov model, this work investigates the excitation and power spectrum characteristics of electromagnetic radiation for the plasma wake of a typical reentry vehicle. With the aid of parametric decay instability, the excitation condition of electromagnetic radiation for a typical plasma wake is evaluated first. The power spectrum characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, including the effects of both the flight parameters and incident wave parameters are analyzed in detail. The results show that when the phenomenon of excited electromagnetic radiation occurs, plasma wakes closer to the bottom of the vehicle and with faster speeds require higher incident frequencies and thresholds of the electric field. As the frequency of the incident wave increases, peaks appear in the power spectra of plasma wakes, and their magnitudes increase gradually. The frequency shifts of the secondary peaks are equal, whereas, the peaks of the downshifted spectral lines are generally larger than those of the upshifted spectral lines. The work in this paper provides a new idea and method for the tracking of reentry vehicles, which has potential application value in the field of reentry vehicle detection.
State-switching and high-order spatiotemporal organization of dynamic functional connectivity are disrupted by Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Spontaneous activity during the resting state, tracked by BOLD fMRI imaging, or shortly rsfMRI, gives rise to brain-wide dynamic patterns of interregional correlations, whose structured flexibility relates to cognitive performance. Here, we analyze resting-state dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in a cohort of older adults, including amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, N = 34) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD, N = 13) patients, as well as normal control (NC, N = 16) and cognitively “supernormal” controls (SNC, N = 10) subjects. Using complementary state-based and state-free approaches, we find that resting-state fluctuations of different functional links are not independent but are constrained by high-order correlations between triplets or quadruplets of functionally connected regions. When contrasting patients with healthy subjects, we find that dFC between cingulate and other limbic regions is increasingly bursty and intermittent when ranking the four groups from SNC to NC, aMCI and AD. Furthermore, regions affected at early stages of AD pathology are less involved in higher order interactions in patient than in control groups, while pairwise interactions are not significantly reduced. Our analyses thus suggest that the spatiotemporal complexity of dFC organization is precociously degraded in AD and provides a richer window into the underlying neurobiology than time-averaged FC connections.