Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Benefits of Mindfulness for University Students

Background: Mindfulness training is increasingly being adopted to address mental health concerns among university students (Kuyken et al., 2017). Previous research has supported mindfulness with empirical evidence as an autonomous, accessible, and cost-effective intervention for stress and anxiety (Flett, Conner, Rordan, Patterson, & Hayne, 2020). Aim: The purpose of this study was (1) to examine the prevalence of student stress and anxiety alongside student mindfulness interest and experience; (2) to examine the benefits of mindfulness training through the perspectives of cognitive neuroscience, population health, and behavioral economics; and (3) to examine the cost-effectiveness of mindfulness training for university students. Methods: To address these aims, an anonymous online survey incorporating both the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was administered to students at a liberal arts university in New England to quantify the prevalence of student stress and mindfulness. It was hypothesized that scores on the PSS would be inversely correlated with scores on the FFMQ . Results: The results demonstrated a significant negative correlation between FFMQ and PSS scores, r (107) = -. 507, p < 0.01. Conclusion: The implications of this study are beneficial in establishing mindfulness training as an effective and cost-effective approach to promoting mental health in students. The study concluded with a data-informed recommendation for educational strategy based upon survey and research findings. Submitted 01 July 2020: accepted 16 January 2021
Spaced repetition for authentic mobile-assisted word learning: nature, learner perceptions, and factors leading to positive perceptions

Abstract Spaced repetition has been widely implemented and examined in mobile-assisted word learning as an important learning strategy. However, the nature of spaced repetition by commercial word-learning apps and the factors leading to the favoured mobile-assisted spaced repetition have yet to be investigated in authentic contexts. In this study, we coded the spaced repetition patterns and methods of nine apps and interviewed 72 Chinese English learners about their perceptions of spaced repetition for word learning. The results showed three major repetition patterns at three knowledge levels (i.e. the word is unknown, familiar-but-unsure, and known to the learner). The three most common repetition methods were using text-plus-audio for multimedia learning, conducting retrieval practice through flashcards and multiple-choice questions, and integrating game elements such as Goals/Rules and Rewards/Points into learning. Concerning learner preferences, they preferred to have (a) six or seven learning sessions for ‘unknown’ words, three or four sessions for ‘familiar-but-unsure’ words, and two or three sessions for ‘known’ words over ten- to fourteen- day periods, (b) gradually longer intervals between learning sessions, (c) text-plus-audio-plus-image as multimedia, (d) two or three innovative formats of retrieval practice, and (e) integration of Goals/Rules, Rewards/Points, and Time Limits. The results indicate that teachers, researchers, and app designers ought to consider both learning effectiveness and learner perceptions when applying, designing, and developing spaced repetition patterns and methods for mobile-assisted word learning.
Contact filtration of humic waters: performance of an expanded clay aggregate filter (Filtralite) compared to a dual anthracite/sand filter

Contact filtration performance of a coarse expanded clay aggregates filter (Filtralite) is compared to a conventional dual media anthracite/sand filter. In a contact filtration pilot plant, humic water was coagulated using aluminium sulphate (AS), iron chloride sulphate (ICS), poly-aluminium chloride (PAC) or the bio-polymer chitosan. Filtration experiments were performed at optimum pH and dose conditions for each coagulant found from previous optimisation experiments in the pilot filter plant. The results reveal two main problems in coagulation/filtration of humic waters: short filtration run times for the most commonly used metal salts, and metal residuals in treated water. The best ways to overcome these problems in raw waters high in organic matter, was found to be by the use of a coarse filter bed in combination with chitosan, or a metal salt with the addition of polymer as filter aid. An increased turbidity level in the raw water (as bentonite clay) was found to increase the removal of humics in most cases, as well as increase the filterability of the flocs formed.
Phylogenetic relationships, infrageneric classification and species limits in the Neotropical genus Faramea (Coussareeae: Rubiaceae)

Faramea is characterized by white or blue, tetramerous corollas and blue-black, fleshy fruits with a single, large pyrene. Both infrageneric relationships and species boundaries are poorly understood in the genus. This study represents the first broad-scale phylogenetic study of Faramea, with 80 of the c. 170 species sampled, 24 by two or more specimens. We aimed to include specimens representing the entire geographical, morphological and ecological ranges of the genus. Morphological characters historically utilized to delimit infrageneric sections in Faramea (e.g. bract and pyrene forms) were also evaluated. Only one of the currently accepted infrageneric sections was recovered as monophyletic (within a complex of species from other sections) and none of the morphological features traditionally utilized to determine infrageneric relationships in the genus was found to be uniquely diagnostic of a larger clade. Some Faramea lineages appear to be geographically isolated, with several clades containing solely specimens collected in the Atlantic Forest biomes. Of the 24 species represented by at least two specimens, 11 were supported as monophyletic, ten as non-monophyletic and three were not resolved as either monophyletic nor non-monophyletic. The results of the present study constitute a good basis for future studies of taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of Faramea.
Synthesis,Characterization,Crystal Structures and Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal(II) Complexes with a Schiff Base Derived from o-vanillin and p-toluidine

Two complexes [Mn(HL)3(CH3OH)](ClO4)2 (1), [Zn(HL)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (2), where HL is a Schiff base ligand 2-[(4-methylphenylimino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol (C15H15NO2) derived from condensation of o-vanillin (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) with p-toluidine. They were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR spectra. The structures of complexes were deterimend by X-ray diffraction single-crystal structure analyses. The Schiff base ligand and it's complexes have been tested in vitro to evaluate their antibacterial activity against bacteria, viz., Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus and Bacillus Subtilis. It has been fond that the Zn(Ⅱ) complex has higher activity than the corresponding free Schiff base ligand and Mn(Ⅱ) complex against the same bacteria. CCDC: 692600, 1; 692601, 2.
Observer‐based adaptive neural networks control for Markovian jump nonlinear systems with partial mode information and input saturation

The observer‐based adaptive neural networks control problem is studied in this article for nonlinear Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with partial mode information and input saturation. The existing adaptive control scheme for MJSs works only when the Markov mode of system is completely known. For this reason, the concept of partial mode information of Markov chain is embedded into the framework of adaptive backstepping method and then a mode detector is set to emit the mode. To achieve the control objective, only the emitted mode is used to design the state observer and adaptive control scheme. Besides, an auxiliary signal is introduced in MJSs to compensate the effect of input saturation and this signal appears in controller as the input of neural networks instead of a separate term, which makes the form of proposed controller simpler than that in the literature. Finally, a numerical example and a practical example are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of our control scheme.
A survey of nickel‐based catalysts and monolithic reformers of the onboard fuel reforming system for fuel cell APU applications

This paper presented a detailed survey of the catalysts for fuel reforming, including nickel‐based catalysts with alkalis, alkaline earths, rare earths, noble metals, and hydrotalcite‐type precursors. All these additions can enhance the Ni catalysts in regarding with activity, coke resistivity, and sintering resistivity. Smaller Ni particle size, more even particle dispersion, and less free NiO and NiAl2O4 can be obtained with these additions. Physicochemical characterization, activity, stability, coke resistance, and the effects of different precursors were summarized and compared. Development of the most commonly used monolithic reformer was also summarized, and different reformer configurations were presented chronologically. Homogeneous mixing of the completely evaporated fuel with air and steam, as well as uniform distribution of the mixture flow are the two main concerns in reformer design. Reforming energy conversion efficiency around 80%, power density above 3 kW/L, and specific power above 3 kW/kg are also reported in the most recent monolithic reformer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Securing self‐integrity over time: Self‐affirmation disrupts a negative cycle between psychological threat and academic performance

1 Department of Psychology & Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 2 Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA 3 Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA 4 Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA 5 Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 6 Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA 7 Graduate School of Education & Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Future Perspectives: A Review of Therapeutic Advances in Recurrent Glioblastoma

The outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) patients remain dismal despite significant increases in our understanding of treatment-naïve disease biology and increased focus on clinical trials. Almost all patients experience disease recurrence. If we hope to develop more durable responses in this aggressive disease cohort, a better understanding of resistance mechanisms and drivers of GBM tumour recurrence will be needed. Here we review the findings todate of current advances in therapeutic development and biology of recurrent GBM, highlighting recent research and clinical trials breakthroughs. J Cancer Sci Clin Ther 2021; 5 (2): 286-308 DOI: 10.26502/jcsct.5079118 Journal of Cancer Science and Clinical Therapeutics 287
Federated Model Search via Reinforcement Learning

Federated Learning (FL) framework enables training over distributed datasets while keeping the data local. However, it is difficult to customize a model fitting for all unknown local data. A pre-determined model is most likely to lead to slow convergence or low accuracy, especially when the distributed data is non-i.i. d. To resolve the issue, we propose a model searching method in the federated learning scenario, and the method automatically searches a model structure fitting for the unseen local data. We novelly design a reinforcement learning-based framework that samples and distributes sub-models to the participants and updates its model selection policy by maximizing the reward. In practice, the model search algorithm takes a long time to converge, and hence we adaptively assign sub-models to participants according to the transmission condition. We further propose delay-compensated synchronization to mitigate loss over late updates to facilitate convergence. Extensive experiments show that our federated model search algorithm produces highly accurate models efficiently, particularly on non-i.i. d. data.
Andrological characteristics of tropical milking criollo bulls

Objective: To assess the testicular and semen characteristics in Criollo LecheroTropical (CLT) bulls in the subhumid Mexican tropics.Design/methodology/approach: Eight bulls were included in the study and distributedin two groups: G1 (n=5): young bulls and G2 (n=3): adult bulls. All bulls were managedunder grazing and were evaluated throughout one year. From each bull the followingmeasurements were taken once a month: live weight, body condition score, scrotalcircumference, and testicular width, length and volume. Semen was obtained every 3months via artificial vagina. Semen variables evaluated in each collection were: aspect,volume, mass and individual motility, and sperm concentration and morphology. Results: Live weight and testicular measurements increased linearly during the study inbulls from both groups. All bulls had scrotal circumference larger than the minimumthreshold value for cattle and semen of high quality.Study limitations/implications: The low availability of CLT bulls prevented theinclusion of a larger number of animals in the study. This low availability of animalsmakes it necessary to establish standard values for testicular measurements and semencharacteristics in the CLT breed in order to select the best individuals as sires andcontribute to its conservation.Findings/conclusions: The CLT bulls had good scrotal circumference and semenquality since a young age and into adulthood. These traits make the CLT bulls animportant alternative for livestock breeding in the tropics.
Standard Errors and Significance Testing in Data Analysis for Testing Classifiers

– The one-classifier and two-classifier significance testing for evaluation and comparison of classifiers are conducted to investigate the statistical significance of differences and provide quantitative information in terms of the significance level, i.e., p -value, in a new ROC analysis where three score distributions and two decision thresholds are employed, and data dependency caused by multiple use of the same subjects is involved. To analyze the performance of classifiers, the standard error of the cost function is estimated using the nonparametric three-sample two-layer bootstrap algorithm on a two-layer data structure constructed after dataset optimization, based on our prior rigorous statistical research in ROC analysis on large datasets with data dependency. In comparison, the positive correlation coefficient must be taken into consideration, which is computed using a synchronized resampling algorithm; otherwise, the likelihood of detecting the statistical significance of difference between the performance levels of two classifiers can be wrongly reduced.
Netnographic slog: Creative elicitation strategies to encourage participation in an online community of practice for early education and care

Active, participatory netnography, in contrast to passive netnography, is essential if researchers are to gain rich rewards from the rigorous collection of qualitative data. However, researchers should be aware of the ‘netnographic slog’; “the blood, sweat and tears” associated with eliciting quality data and encouraging active participation in online communities. This article examines the – Supporting Nutrition for Australian Childcare (SNAC) – online community of practice, established to support healthy eating practices in early childhood education and care settings. To ensure research rigour, Kozinets’ netnographic steps were employed. Garnering member participation in this online community was a slog; most community content was contributed by few members, although accessed by many. The success (and failure) of the creative elicitation strategies implemented by the researchers to promote participation are discussed, and examples provided that could be used by other netnographers in online communities. A key consideration, however, appears to be the waning success of web-based discussion boards as an effective platform. Future netnographers should carefully consider the effort required to attract new community members and encourage participation. While SNAC is a unique resource, presenting an ideal platform to launch further initiatives, other more effective social media platforms that can support healthy eating in this key setting should be considered. If participatory netnography is to be successful, budding netnographers must be prepared to invest the blood, sweat and tears required to nurture emerging communities of practice.
Screening for antifolate and artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from three hospitals of Eritrea

Background: Antimalarial drug resistance is a major challenge hampering malaria control and elimination. Plasmodium falciparum, the leading causative parasite species, has developed resistance to basically all antimalarials. Continued surveillance of drug resistance using genetic markers provides important molecular data for treatment policies. This study sought to verify the genetic mechanism of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and assess the occurrence of point mutations associated with artemisinin resistance in P. falciparum clinical isolates from Eritrea. Methods: Nineteen dried blood spot samples were collected from patients visiting Adi Quala, Keren and Gash Barka Hospitals, Eritrea. The patients were followed up after receiving treatment with first line artesunate-amodiaquine. Nested polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing techniques were employed to genotype point mutations in the P. falciparum bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (Pfdhfr, PF3D7_0417200), dihydropteorate synthase (Pfdhps, PF3D7_0810800) and kelch 13 (PfK13, PF3D7_1343700) genes. Results: Eight of nineteen (42%) of the dried blood spot samples were successful for PCR-amplification. Data analyses of the PCR-positive isolates revealed the following point mutations: Pfdhfr N51I in four isolates, C59R in one isolate, S108N in four isolates, a rare non-synonymous substitution V45A in four isolates and Pfdhps K540E in four isolates. No PfK13 point mutations were reported. Conclusions: Pfdhfr C59R and Pfdhps K540E point mutations are reliable markers for the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine quintuple mutant haplotype combination. These findings highlight first reports in Eritrea, which verify the underlying genetic mechanism of antifolate resistance. Continuous monitoring of the PfK13 marker is recommended.
Stock Price Crash Risk and the Managerial Rhetoric Channel: Evidence from Narrative R&D Disclosure

This study proposes the managerial rhetoric channel, which is exploited as a vital conduit through which managers convey information to the investment community. Managerial narrative in corporate reports featuring technology and innovation disclosure activities is positively associated with one year ahead stock price crash risk. Moreover, the positive relation between managerial narrative and stock price crash risk is more pronounced for firms with powerful, more able, younger CEOs and CEOs with higher industry tournament incentives. The adverse impact of managerial narrative on future stock prices prevails among firms that face high competition and firms with lower anti-takeover provisions. Finally, this managerial rhetoric-crash relationship cannot be attenuated in the presence of stronger internal corporate governance.
Hedge Funds are on the Ball When Insiders Trade

This study examines the use of insider trading information by hedge funds. We find that hedge funds tend to trade in the same direction as insiders when insider trades are likely driven by information, while they do not respond to likely liquidity-driven insider trades. This finding is consistent with hedge funds deciphering profitable insider trading information. In contrast, mutual funds, pension funds, and other institutional investors (mostly banks and insurance companies) are more likely to trade in the opposite direction as insiders, acting as liquidity providers regardless of the insiders’ trading motives. Further, there is evidence that a hedge fund’s ability to exploit insider trading information helps improve its performance.
AFRL-RX-WP-JA-2019-0054 DESIGN OF SOFT ORIGAMI MECHANISMS WITH TARGETED SYMMETRIES (POSTPRINT)

The integration of soft actuating materials within origami-based mechanisms is a novel method to amplify the actuated motion and tune the compliance of systems for low stiffness applications. Origami structures provide natural flexibility given the extreme geometric difference between thickness and length, and the energetically preferred bending deformation mode can naturally be used as a form of actuation. However, origami fold patterns that are designed for specific actuation motions and mechanical loading scenarios are needed to expand the library of fold-based actuation strategies. In this study, a recently developed optimization framework for maximizing the performance of compliant origami mechanisms is utilized to discover optimal actuating fold patterns. Variant patterns are discovered through exploring different symmetries in the input and output conditions of the optimization problem. Patterns designed for twist (rotational symmetry) yield significantly better performance, in terms of both geometric advantage and energy requirements, than patterns exhibiting vertical reflection symmetries. The mechanical energy requirements for each design are analyzed and compared for both the small and large applied displacement regimes. Utilizing the patterns discovered through optimization, the multistability of the actuating arms is demonstrated empirically with a paper prototype, where the stable configurations are accessed through local vertex pop-through instabilities. Lastly, the coupled mechanics of fold networks in these actuators yield useful macroscopic motions and can achieve stable shape change through accessing the local vertex instabilities. This survey of origami mechanisms, energy comparison, and multistability characterization provides a new set of designs for future integration with soft actuating materials.
Driving 2FA Adoption at Scale: Optimizing Two-Factor Authentication Notification Design Patterns

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is one of the primary mechanisms for defending end-user accounts against phishing and password reuse attacks. Unfortunately, getting users to adopt 2FA remains a difﬁcult challenge. While prior work at the intersection of measurement and usability has examined how to persuade people to avoid dangerous behavior (e. g., clicking through TLS warnings), relatively little work has conducted measurements at industry scale about how to persuade people to adopt protective behaviors. In this work, we focus on improving end user security in the wild by examining whether (i) messaging that addresses users’ motivations, mental models, and concerns about 2FA and (ii) UX design patterns found effective in other ﬁelds can effectively improve 2FA adoption. To do so, we conduct a series of large-scale in-the-wild, controlled messaging experiments on Facebook, with an average of 622 , 419 participants per experiment. Based on our results, we distill a set of best-practice design patterns for most effectively encouraging protective behavior, in the context of promoting 2FA adoption. Finally, we suggest concrete directions for future work on encouraging digital security behavior through security prompts.