Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of superior rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm from Bastar, using SSR molecular markers characterization

The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2016 in an RBD Design to assess the agro morphological characterization, genetic variability and genetic divergence among the ninety-four local landraces of rice and three popular standard checks namely MTU-1010, Danteshwari and CR-40. In the present investigation, out of 16 qualitative characters observed, basal leaf sheath colour, leaf blade colour, flag leaf angle, apiculus colour, awn length, awn colour, auricle colour, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, maturity(days) recorded the highest variation among genotypes. The analysis of variance for 20 quantitative characters showed that there were considerable inherent genetic differences for different characters. A wide range of genetic variability was observed for most of the quantitative traits. High magnitude of the coefficient of variation (more than 20%) in the entire genotypes was observed for grain yield per plant (27.4%), the number of effective tillers per plant (22.37%), test weight (21.14%), kernel length breadth ratio (20.59%). Total of 12 SSR markers (primers) was used for molecular characterization and discrimination of 28 genotypes of rice. After analysing the data generated from 12 microsatellite markers (SSR), a total of 22 alleles were detected in 28 rice genotypes. The number of alleles per locus generated by each marker ranged from 1 to 3 alleles with an average of 1.8 alleles per locus. Out of 12 SSR markers, 6 markers showed polymorphic reaction with polymorphism information content (PIC) values of 0.53 in RM125, 0.6 in RM161 and 0.75 in RM152, 0.84 in OCR13, 0.88 in RM413 and 0.89 in RM 408. Genetic similarity of genotypes of rice understudy the genetic similarity coefficient (Jaccard coefficient) ranged from 0.51-1.00 as revealed by UPGMA cluster analysis using the 12 SSR markers. A total of five distinct groups resulted in a cut-off similarity coefficient of 0.683 among the 28 rice genotypes.
Toxicity and phytochemical profile of essential oil from Iranian Achillea mellifolium L. against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract Chemical composition of Achillea mellifolium essential oil was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and its acaricidal activity was estimated using leaf dipping and fumigation bioassays against Tetranychus urticae. Terpenic compounds, such as piperitone (12.79%), ρ-cymene (10.60%), bornyl acetate (8.58%) and p-menth-2-en-1-ol (8.35%) were identified as main components. The essential oil has potential toxicity on T. urticae and a correlation between log concentration and mite mortality in both bioassays has been achieved. The findings indicated that the essential oil of A. mellifolium as a well-known medicinal plant may be useful in the search of effective natural material as Acaricide.
The small-scale structure of turbulence

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Improved-Team-Game-Optimization-Algorithm-Based Solar MPPT With Fast Convergence Speed and Fast Response to Load Variations

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is one of the crucial components to ensure that the photovoltaic (PV) system operates optimally. The bypass diodes are added across series-connected PV modules to avoid the hotspot phenomenon, which resulted in multiple peaks on the power–voltage curve during partial-shading conditions. In this article, a new metaheuristic approach, namely improved team game optimization algorithm, has been proposed. Only one tuning parameter is required for the proposed algorithm, and a new approach has been introduced to increase the convergence speed. Apart from that, a constant current method has been proposed during load variation conditions, which improved the response of the system toward load changes by 78.26%. The experimental results showed that the convergence speed of the proposed method is 72.5% faster than the standard team game optimization algorithm. The proposed method is also validated under different shading conditions and proven to have an average MPPT efficiency of 99.78% and an average tracking time of 0.9 s. The comparison between the proposed method and different metaheuristic approaches was also carried out based on grade point average, and it showed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with a higher number of features.
Analysis on DNA Methylation Diversity of Diploid and Autotetraploid of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

The diploid and corresponding autotetraploid of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni were used in this research.The methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP) was carried out to study the levels and patterns of DNA methylation in different ploidy plants.The polymorphism of autotetraploid DNA methylation was 46.10%,while the diploid was 46.53%. In comparison with diploid,in the autotetraploid genomic DNA total methylated rate and full methylated rate were decreased,but hemimethylated rate was increased.In the autotetraploid genomic DNA methylation patterns,29.72% was changed,including 12.8% in the rate of hypermethylation,11.8% in the rate of demethylation and 5.12% in the rate of methine-methylattion.
Dopamine-Dependent Frontostriatal Planning Deficits in Early Parkinson's Disease

Three groups of medicated and nonmedicated patients at different stages of Parkinson's disease and a group of neurosurgical patients with localized frontal lobe excisions were assessed on 2 novel tests of planning and spatial working memory. Results demonstrate that, like other tests of frontal lobe dysfunction, planning and spatial working memory are vulnerable in nonmedicated patients with mild Parkinson's disease and suggest that certain aspects of the planning impairment in these patients may be ameliorated by dopaminergic therapy. Specifically, with medication there was an improvement in accuracy of planning, but not in latency, in a series of problems based on the Tower of London test of planning. The results in terms of the frontostriatal, dopamine-dependent nature of some of the cognitive deficits found in early Parkinson's disease versus the apparent dopamine-independent nature of deficits in other cognitive processes are discussed. As may be expected from the intimate relation that exists between the basal ganglia and the frontal cortex (Alexander, Delong, & Strick, 1986), recent neuropsychological evidence suggests a substantial role for frontal lobe dysfunction in the cognitive profile of patients with Parkinson's disease (Bowen, Kamienny, Burns, & Yahr, 1975; Canavan et al., 1989; Downes et al., 1989; Lees & Smith, 1983; Owen et al., 1992; Scatton, Javoy-Agid, Rouquier, Dubois, & Agid, 1983; Taylor, SaintCyr, & Lang, 1986). Although few direct comparisons have been made between patients with frontal lobe damage and patients with Parkinson's disease, similar patterns of cognitive impairment have been observed in the two groups in many studies. For example, deficits on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, a commonly used clinical index of frontal lobe damage
EFFECT OF BAMBARA NUT SIEVATE SUPPLEMENTED EXOGENOUS ENZYMES ON HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL VALUE OF FINISHER BROILER BIRDS

Abstract A total of 60 Anak strain broiler finisher birds of 28 days of age were used in a twenty eight (28) days feeding trial to determine the effect of bambara nut sievate fortified exogenous enzymes on the serum biochemical values and haematological assays of finisher broiler birds. Four experimental diets were formulated such that bambara nut sievate fortified exogenous enzyme was incorporated in the finisher broiler diets at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% dietary levels to replace soybean in the experiments in diets T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The 60 finisher broiler birds were divided into 4 experimental groups of 15 birds per group and were randomly assigned to the 4 treatment diets and replicated three (3) times (5 birds per replicate). The haematological parameters such as Hb, PCV, RBC. and WBC increased with respect to control except in treatments 3 and 4. Furthermore, MCV, MCH and MCHC, were significantly different (p>0.05). Serum biochemical parameters such as urea, total protein cholesterol and globulin were significantly different (p<0.05) between the treatments, while creatinine and albumin were similar (p>0.05) between the treatment means. However, all the parameters of the WBC were not significantly different (p>0.05). All serum biochemical elements were significantly different (p<0.0) between the treatments. These results suggest that bambara nut sievate fortified exogenous enzymes could be included in the diet of finisher broiler birds up to 15% level without any harmful effect on the animal.
Nontrivial convex covers of trees

We establish conditions for the existence of nontrivial convex covers and nontrivial convex partitions of trees. We prove that a tree G on n ≥ 4 vertices has a nontrivial convex p-cover for every p, 2 ≤ p ≤ φ cn (G). Also, we prove that it can be decided in polynomial time whether a tree on n ≥ 6 vertices has a nontrivial convex p-partition, for a fixed p, 2 ≤ p ≤ ⌊ 3 ⌋. Mathematics subject classification: 05A18, 05C05, 05C85, 68Q25.
Growth, morphology, and biomass allocation of recently planted seedlings of seven European tree species along a light gradient

Abstract: Light is one of the most critical factors controlling tree survival and growth. Limited light availability induces phenotypic plasticity, thus enabling plants to adapt to suboptimal conditions. The plastic responses are species-specific and are thought to largely depend on species’ shade tolerance. This study aims to add to existing research by trying to disentangle the effects of light, species identity, and shade tolerance on growth, biomass partitioning, and morphology of seedlings of seven common European tree species. For that purpose, we set up a shading experiment where seedlings were grown under three levels of light availability (15%, 35%, and 100%). A destructive harvest was carried out for the assessment of biomass allocation and structural complexity of plant architecture after a year of exposure to limited light. The specific leaf area increased with decreasing light availability for all species. However, we found little to no changes in relative height and diameter growth, biomass allocation to aboveground tree compartments, and structural complexity along the light gradient. We argue that because trees were grown under open field conditions, both in the nursery and for the first year of the experiment, it might have resulted in a delayed response to limited light availability. Assuming the delayed reaction of less plastic plant organs, we expect that the morphological adaptations of the tree species and intra- and interspecific differences will become more pronounced, as the trees grow older.
Identification of QTL associated with nitrogen metabolism in a maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) testcross population

ix CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 Literature Review.3 Nitrogen metabolism . 3 DNA markers . 5 QTL mapping . 6 QTL mapping for nitrogen metabolism related traits in maize.8 Research Objectives . 12 Dissertation Organization . 13 References . 15 Figures.19 CHAPTER 2: A METHODICAL APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING OUTLIERS IN COMPLEX DATA . 20 Abstract . 20 Introduction . 21 Materials and Methods . 22 Results and Discussion . 24 Conclusions . 29 Acknowledgments.30 References . 30 Figures.32 Appendix A . 37.20 Introduction . 21 Materials and Methods . 22 Results and Discussion . 24 Conclusions . 29 Acknowledgments.30 References . 30 Figures.32 Appendix A . 37
THE ADAPTABILITY TO LIGHT INTENSITY OF SEEDLINGS OF QUERCUS PETRAEA (MATT.) LIEBL.

In a classic study Watt (1919) discussed many of the factors limiting the natural regeneration of oaks in Britain. His conclusions relating to biotic and edaphic factors are, however, likely to be primarily of local interest and his investigations of factors such as light intensity were more superficial. Jones (1959) in a summary of existing knowledge emphasized the lack of critical information about the effects of factors such as soil structure, nutrient status and water content, and light intensity on seedling and tree growth. To the west of Sheffield on the Derbyshire gritstone there are many small fragments of relict sessile oakwoods of the types described by Moss (1913) and Tansley (1939). In many of these woods growth and regeneration are very poor. As part of an investigation into factors which might be causing the poor regeneration, seedling response to light intensity was investigated experimentally. The experiments may be conveniently divided into three sections: (1) Experiments in which seedlings were grown outside with different degrees of shading and assessments were made of their gross morphological and physiological responses. (2) Laboratory experiments with sunand shade-grown plants, to help in the physiological interpretation of the growth experiments. (3) Field experiments to estimate the relative importance of light as an ecological factor for the survival and growth of seedlings in the field. The experiments were carried out at the research garden of the Sheffield University Department of Botany, at the Institute of Physiological Botany and the Department of Genetics, Uppsala, and at an enclosure at Padley wood, near Sheffield (described by Pigott 1956), respectively.
Regular ArticleFossil vertebrate faunas of the British Rhaetian (latest Triassic)

Rhaetian fossil vertebrate faunas of Britain represent rich but biased samples of taxonomic diversity during uppermost Triassic time. Review of the Westbury Formation, Penarth Group, in particular, reveals a combination of marine, littoral, and terrestrial elements. Minimally, six species of shark are preserved along with a myriacanthid holocephalan, at least four actinopterygian taxa, a characteristic lungfish, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, dinosaurs, and potentially the earliest representative of the Choristodera. Rare mammalian occurrences in the Westbury beds are also possible. Severnichthys gen. nov. is a large ostcichthyan, probably a palaeonisciform chondrostean, which historically has been mistaken for a labyrinthodont amphibian. At least two additional actinopterygian species and a holocephalan are known from the Lilstock Formation, and a mammal or mammal-like reptile is recorded from the uppermost Blue Anchor Formation. Analysis of element abundance in the disarticulated Westbury Formation assemblage indicates that many parts of some taxa are never preserved while other elements of the same form are common. Such preservational bias suggests that many species may be missing entirely from this long-studied but poorly understood taphocoenosis. Possibly contemporaneous cave faunas from nearby upland areas give a similarly biased picture of the terrestrial fauna during this time of widespread marine transgression.
Seasonal Change in Structure of Phytoplankton Communities in the Yongjiang River

In order to evaluate the water quality of the Yongjiang River,the structure characteristics and the seasonal changes of the phytoplankton community from 13 sections were studied by the Margalef's index(D),Pielou evenness index(J'),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H') and total tolerance index.The Two-way ANOSIM similarity analysis on phytoplankton community data,Bray-Curtis similarities on hierarchical clustering analysis and MDS standard sequence were calculated by using PREIMER 6.0 software.The results showed that there were 114 phytoplankton species,belonging to 6 phyla,41 families and 80 genera,dominated by green algae and diatoms.The dominant species were Oscillatoria sp.and Melosira sp.The abundances were from 5.2×103to 2.8714×106ind. /L with an unimodal seansonal change pattern.In most cases the peak of the abundance was presented in spring.The similarity comparison of the phytoplankton communities showed significant difference among the sections(R = 0.379,P = 0.1%) and seasons(R = 0.462,P = 0.1%). The community diversity index and algae pollution index showed that the water is polluted in the river.
Seasonal variation in cold tolerance, basal metabolic rate, and maximal capacity for thermogenesis in White-breasted Nuthatches Sitta carolinensis and Downy Woodpeckers Picoides pubescens, two unrelated arboreal temperate residents

White-breasted Nuthatches Sitta carolinensis and Downy Woodpeckers Picoides pubescens are permanent residents in areas with cold temperate climates and are ecologically similar, but belong to different taxonomic orders. We measured basal metabolic rate (BMR) and peak metabolic rate (PMR = peak rate of cold-induced thermogenesis) for wild, free-living summer and winter acclimatised White-breasted Nuthatches and Downy Woodpeckers to determine seasonal and interspecific variation in cold tolerance and thermogenic ability. Both species were more cold tolerant and had significantly higher BMR and PMR in winter than in summer. Furthermore, during midsummer (early July to mid-August), nuthatches exhibited a significant decrement in cold tolerance and PMR relative to other seasons. A winter increment of metabolism, coupled with only minor seasonal variation in body mass and fat scores in both species, indicates that both species rely more on metabolic adjustments than gross morphological adjustments for winter acclimatisation. Woodpeckers and nuthatches exhibited roughly similar BMR and PMR at both seasons. The only significant interspecific differences in metabolic rates involved per-bird PMR in winter and midsummer, per-bird BMR in winter and summer (woodpeckers > nuthatches in both cases), and mass-specific PMR in summer (early/ late summer nuthatches > summer woodpeckers). Interspecific differences in cold tolerance and metabolic rates are probably explained, at least in part, by differences in body mass, as woodpeckers were significantly larger than nuthatches at all seasons. These data indicate that White-breasted Nuthatches and Downy Woodpeckers exhibit similar thermogenic performance and major phylogenetic effects on thermoregulation are not apparent.
Respiratory disease in cats associated with human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK

Two cats from different COVID-19-infected households in the UK were found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 from humans, demonstrated by immunofluorescence, in situ hybridisation, reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and viral genome sequencing. Lung tissue collected post-mortem from cat 1 displayed pathological and histological findings consistent with viral pneumonia and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antigens and RNA. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in an oropharyngeal swab collected from cat 2 that presented with rhinitis and conjunctivitis. High throughput sequencing of the virus from cat 2 revealed that the feline viral genome contained five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared to the nearest UK human SARS-CoV-2 sequence. An analysis of cat 2’s viral genome together with nine other feline-derived SARS-CoV-2 sequences from around the world revealed no shared catspecific mutations. These findings indicate that human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, with the infected cats developing mild or severe respiratory disease. Given the versatility of the new coronavirus, it will be important to monitor for human-to-cat, cat-to-cat and cat-to-human transmission.
Rhythmic activity in the medial and orbital frontal cortices tracks reward value and the vigor of consummatory behavior

ABSTRACT This study examined how the medial frontal (MFC) and orbital frontal (OFC) cortices process reward information to guide behavior. We simultaneously recorded local field potentials in the two areas as rats consumed liquid sucrose rewards and examined how the areas collectively process reward information. Both areas exhibited a 4-8 Hz “theta” rhythm that was phase locked to the lick cycle. The rhythm similarly tracked shifts in sucrose concentrations and fluid volumes, suggesting that it is sensitive to general differences in reward magnitude. Differences between the MFC and OFC were noted, specifically that the rhythm varied with response vigor and absolute reward value in the MFC, but not the OFC. Our findings suggest that the MFC and OFC concurrently process reward information but have distinct roles in the control of consummatory behavior.
RNA-sequencing manifests the intrinsic role of MAPKAPK2 in facilitating molecular crosstalk during HNSCC pathogenesis

Background Transcriptome profiling has been pivotal in better comprehending the convoluted biology of tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, growing evidence has implicated the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAPK2 or MK2) in many human diseases including tumors. MK2 has been recently reported as a critical regulator of HNSCC that functions via modulating the transcript turnover of crucial genes involved in its pathogenesis. Comprehensive MK2-centric transcriptomic analyses could help the scientific community to delve deeper into MK2-pathway driven mechanisms of tumor progression, but such studies have not yet been reported. Consequently, to delineate the biological relevance of MK2 and its intricate crosstalk in the tumor milieu, an extensive transcriptome analysis of HNSCC was conceptualized and effectuated with MK2 at the nexus. Methods In the current study, comprehensive next-generation sequencing-based transcriptome profiling was accomplished to ascertain global patterns of mRNA expression profiles in both in vitro and in vivo models of the HNSCC microenvironment. The findings of the RNA-sequencing analysis were cross-validated via robust validation using nCounter gene expression assays, immunohistochemistry, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). Results Transcriptomic characterization followed by annotation and differential gene expression analyses identified certain MK2-regulated candidate genes constitutively involved in regulating HNSCC pathogenesis, and the biological significance of these genes was established by pathway enrichment analysis. Additionally, advanced gene expression assays through the nCounter system in conjunction with immunohistochemical analysis validated the transcriptome profiling outcomes quite robustly. Furthermore, the results obtained from immunohistochemistry and transcript stability analysis indicated the crucial role of MK2 in the modulation of the expression pattern of these genes in HNSCC tumors and cells. Conclusions Conclusively, the findings have paved the way toward the identification of new effective tumor markers and potential molecular targets for HNSCC management. The results have accentuated the importance of certain differentially expressed MK2-regulated genes that are constitutively involved in HNSCC pathogenesis to potentially serve as putative candidates for future endeavors pertaining to diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for HNSCC.