Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Court-Ordered forensic psychiatric evaluations for offenders with schizophrenia with homicide charges in Taiwan

Background: Homicidal offenders with schizophrenia who went through psychiatric evaluations are a small but significant group during a criminal appeal. Aim: Our aims are to explore whether the types of crime, such as homicide or not, would be related to the verdicts for the alleged offenders with schizophrenia in Taiwan. Our hypothesis was that homicide cases, rather than other alleged offenses, would be more likely to be regarded as no responsibility (legal insanity) or diminished responsibility for those defendants in the forensic psychiatric evaluation opinions or the court verdicts. Methods: A retrospective comparison of the homicide offenders with the nonhomicide offenders with schizophrenia, registered between December 2000 and November 2009, was conducted in the web-based, national, open-access court verdict databank. Results: There were 33 (3.4%) in 9691 criminal homicide offenders that had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. There were 33 in the homicide group and 22 in the nonhomicide group. Among these defendants in the homicide group, 3 (9.1%) were regarded as legal insanity, and 21 (63.6%) were regarded as diminished responsibility in comparison to the zero (0%) as legal insanity and nine (40.9%) as diminished responsibility in the nonhomicide group (P = 0.029). In addition, the group with multiple evaluations tended to receive forensic psychiatric opinions as legal insanity (N = 3; 33.3%), and the group with single evaluation tended to receive forensic psychiatric opinions as diminished responsibility (N = 16; 66.67%) (P = 0.017). The group with multiple evaluations tended to be ruled as legal insanity in the court (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Homicide cases would be more likely to be regarded as legal insanity or diminished responsibility for the defendants with schizophrenia in the forensic psychiatric evaluation opinions or the court verdicts.
Effects of Oxygenation on Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in a Hypoxic Environment

In 1984, an underground storage tank leaked approximately 41,000 L of gasoline into the ground water at the Naval Construction Battalion Command in Port Hueneme, CA (USA). Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) contamination stimulated remedial action. In 1995, a ground water circulation well (GCW) and network of surrounding monitoring wells were installed. After year of operation, dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentrations remained low in all monitoring wells. Benzene utilization (the sum of respiration, uptake, and conversion to polar compounds) ranged from 0.03 to 4.6 µg L−1 h−1, and toluene utilization ranged from 0.01 to 5.2 µg L−1 h−1. Heterotrophic bacterial productivity (total carbon assimilation) increased dramatically in the GCW, although benzene and toluene utilization decreased markedly relative to surrounding wells. Benzene and toluene uptake accounted for a significant proportion (mean=22%) of the heterotrophic bacterial productivity except within the GCW, indicating other fuel contaminant or indigenous organic carbon and not BTEX compounds served as primary carbon source. The GCW effectively air-stripped BTEX compounds, but failed to stimulate benzene and toluene biodegradation and thus would not be effective for stimulating BTEX bioremediation under current deployment parameters. Air stripping was three orders of magnitude more effective than biodegradation for removing benzene and toluene in the GCW.
Aggregation Number for Sodium Deoxycholate from Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence

Steady-state fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence have been used to study sodium deoxycholate aggregates at basic pH. Pyrene was used as a probe, and dimethylaniline, as a quencher. It is concluded that dynamic quenching with partially micellized quenchers and not static quenching with the quencher totally micellized, as has been often quoted in the literature, must be considered to interpret the experimental results. Fluorescence lifetimes for pyrene in the absence of quencher and the kinetic constants involved in quenching by dimethylaniline are given and compared to those for similar systems. The derived aggregation number, equal to 8 ± 2, is close to the ones determined by other authors from freezing point depression and static light scattering. The possible distortion of these small aggregates by probes is also discussed.
Oxide‐Assisted Growth of Semiconducting Nanowires

In this contribution, we outline oxide‐assisted growth (OAG) (distinct from the conventional metal‐catalytic vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) process) for the growth of nanostructured materials. This synthesis technique, in which oxides instead of metals play an important role in inducing the nucleation and growth of nanowires, is capable of producing large quantities of high‐purity silicon nanowires with a preferential growth direction, uniform size, and long length, without the need for a metal catalyst. The OAG 1D nanomaterials synthesis is complementary to, and coexistent with, the conventional metal‐catalyst VLS approach, and can be utilized to produce nanowires from a host of materials other than Si including Ge nanowires, carbon nanowires, silicon and SnO2 nanoribbons, and Group III–V and II–VI compound semiconductor nanowires.
Identification of electron and hole trap based on isothermal surface potential decay model

For identifying electron and hole traps in polymeric materials, we combine the isothermal relaxation current theory and surface potential decay together and present a model called isothermal surface potential decay (ISPD). A non-contact measurement setup is specially designed, which features that energy distribution of electron or hole-type traps can be discriminated with negative or positive corona charging, respectively. By measuring the ISPD characteristics of low-density polyethylene and polypropylene films, their trap distributions are obtained, revealing the different semi-crystalline morphology of these two materials. The results we obtained may imply the essentially distinct nature of electron/hole traps: inter-chain for electron-type traps and intra-chain for hole-type traps, which is in agreement with other researchers' molecular modeling results.
The Effect of Intramolecular Interactions on the Transferability Properties of Localized Descriptions of Chemical Groups

Starting from a localized description of molecular wavefunctions, approximate descriptions of chemical groups are obtained. The degree of conservation of these representations is verified over a fairly large number of compounds by using different tests, from which it is seen that the influence of intramolecular interactions is strong enough to necessitate the inclusion of these effects in the description of molecular systems in terms of transferable models of groups. Further analyses demonstrate that intragroup interactions can be approximated, to a good degree of precision, by classical interactions only. The usefulness of a zeroth order representation of a group in terms of nonorthogonal transferable models of localized orbitals, coupled to an evaluation of classical intragroup interactions, is discussed, and a simple computational method for the evaluation of the changes in reaction barriers due to substitution of chemical groups in a given molecular framework is briefly outlined.
NON-PREMIXED IGNITION BY VITIATED AIR IN COUNTERFLOW CONFIGURATIONS

ABSTRACT Ignition studies have been conducted in counterflow configurations in recent years by using heated air as the ignition source. In the present investigation, an alternative methodology has being advanced for studying ignition, by utilizing vitiated air that is produced from the oxidation of ultra-lean H2/air mixtures supplied from one burner. Non-premixed ignition is achieved by counter-flowing the hot vitiated air against a fuel-containing jet. The ultra-lean H2/air mixtures are oxidized on a catalyst positioned at the burner exit, allowing thus for the effective variation of the temperature of the hot gases, which are mainly composed by N2, excess O2, small amounts of H2O, and negligible amounts of radical species. Thus, the heat release of the H2 oxidation serves as the ignition source and eliminates the need of heating the air. This new methodology was tested for non-premixed ignition of H2 and H2-enriched CO. H2 and CO were studied first, given that the kinetics of these fuels, constitute the fundamental “building blocks” of the hydrocarbons oxidation kinetics. For the H2 studies, the ignition temperatures were measured for global strain rates varying between 100 and 250 s−1 and mole fractions of H2 in the (H2 + N2) stream varying between 10–60%. Similar studies were conducted for non-premixed H2-enriched CO, with H2 molar fractions ranging from 0.3–3% in the fuel stream. The fuel stream was not diluted with N2 in these studies, given the relatively low ignition propensity of CO, and the need to avoid excessively high ignition temperatures as they could impact the performance of the catalyst and its supporting ceramic material. The present experimental results compare favorably with previously reported ones in similar configurations, providing thus confidence in the proposed ignition methodology. Agreements with numerical predictions were partially satisfactory.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects Arsenate adsorption on an Fe–Ce bimetal oxide adsorbent: EXAFS study and surface complexation modeling

The mechanism of arsenate (As(V)) adsorption on an Fe–Ce bimetal (hydrous) oxide (Fe–Ce) was inves- tigated using complementary analysis techniques including extended X-ray absorption ﬁne structure (EXAFS) and surface complexation modeling. The As K -edge EXAFS spectra showed that the second peak of Fe–Ce after As(V) adsorption was the As–Fe shell, which supported the ﬁnding that As(V) adsorption occurred mainly at the Fe surface active sites. Two As–Fe distances of 3.30 ˚A and 3.55 ˚A were observed from the EXAFS spectra of As(V) adsorbed samples at three pH levels (5.0, 7.6, and 9.0) and two initial surface loadings of 70 and 130mg/g, which indicated that monodentate mononuclear and bidentate binuclearAssurfacecomplexescoexisted.Whencomparedwiththereporteddominantspeciesofbiden-tate binuclear complex for As existing on iron (hydro)oxides, the existence of Ce atoms in the bimetal oxide and the high surface loading were the likely reasons for the existence of the monodentate complex. A Charge Distribution-Multi-site Sites Complexation (CD-MUSIC) model showed that protonated monodentate (MH) and deprotonated bidentate (B) complexes preferred to exist on the Fe–Ce surface in a high surface loading range ( (cid:2) =5.11–14.4 (cid:2) mol/m 2 ). The MH complex was shown to be dominant at pH<8. Based on the results from EXAFS analysis and the CD-MUSIC model, the adsorptive behavior of As(V) on Fe–Ce with high surface loadings was satisfactorily interpreted and understood. Elsevier
Distribution of highly arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwater from east Punjab, Pakistan, and the controlling role of anthropogenic pollutants in the natural hydrological cycle

91% exceeded the WHO standard (10 µg/L) for As and 75% exceeded the WHO standard (1.5 mg/L) for F ‐ . The highly contaminated As (max. 2400 µg/L) and F ‐ (max. 22.8 mg/L) groundwaters were found from shallow depths down to 30 m from the surface. The contaminated groundwaters are characterized by high pH (max. 8.8), alkalinity (HCO3 ‐ up to 1281 mg/L), SO4 2‐ (max. 960 mg/L), Na + (max. 1058 mg/L) and maximum electric conductivity >4.6 mS/cm. Fluoride concentrations showed positive correlations with those of Na + and HCO 3 ‐ and negative ones with Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ . The alkaline waters were saturated with calcite in spite of the low Ca 2+ concentrations. Fluoride concentration is governed by fluorite solubility. Speciation analysis showed As is mostly in the form of As V . There was a positive correlation between As and pH, while there is no relationship between As vs. Fe and F ‐ . Thus, the fluoride and As contamination occurred in the oxidizing and alkaline conditions of the groundwater. However, F ‐ and As are derived from two or more sources. Suspected contaminant sources in the study area contained considerable amounts of F ‐ and As; fertilizers (DAP, n = 5) contained leachable F ‐ ranging from 53‐255 mg/kg, and As 5‐10 mg/kg, and coals (n = 8) contained F ‐ ranging from 5‐20 mg/kg. Sulfur isotopic ratios indicated that the high SO 4 2‐ in groundwater (3.2‐7.0‰, CDT) is mainly derived from coal combusted atmospheric pollutants, fertilizers and household wastes. Nitrogen isotope data (8‐30‰, Air) showed that NO3 ‐ ‐N is attributed to animal waste distributed in the study area. The major chemical characteristics of the groundwaters are related with anthropogenic activities on the ground surface. The resultant major chemistry, especially highly alkaline and low Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ concentrations, must promote the high concentrations of F ‐ and As in the studied groundwaters.
Inkjet Printed Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Thin-Film Transistors: Effect of Self-Assembled Monolayer

Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with bottom gate and top contact structure had been prepared by inkjet printing. It is found that the surface properties of the substrates have a great influence on the morphology of the inkjet printed droplet and film. An appropriate surface was vital to form a uniform semiconducting film by inkjet printing and also strongly improved the electric characteristics. When a bare SiO2 layer was applied, the best field-effect mobility of inkjet printed OTFT devices was only 2.37 × 10−3 cm2V−1s−1, with an on/off current ratio of 102. When the PETS treatment or the PTS treatment was applied on the SiO2 dielectric layer, the field-effect performances were substantially improved and the best field-effect mobility was enhanced to 8.07 × 10−3 cm−2V−1s−1 and 7.95 × 10−3 cm−2V−1s−1, respectively and with an on/off current ratio of 103.
A Simplified, Accurate and Fast Method for Lithium Isotope Analysis of Rocks and Fluids, and δ7Li Values of Seawater and Rock Reference Materials

We report a new approach to conduct fast and accurate lithium isotope ratio measurements by MC‐ICP mass spectrometry after wet chemical sample preparation. In contrast to most previously published methods our MC‐ICP‐MS set‐up did not use a desolvating system to achieve appropriate ion beam intensities and, therefore, was less affected by matrix‐induced shifts of the instrumental mass bias. As the total lithium background and build‐up in the sample introduction system was low, previous sample residues could be washed out by an extended uptake of the new sample. Elimination of a nitric acid rinse step increased the sample throughput by a factor of two and allowed the instrumental mass bias drift to be tracked more precisely. δ7Li values of powdered silicate rock reference materials and seawater obtained in this study revealed good accuracy and an overall analytical uncertainty of typically 0.5‰ (2s). On the basis of a comparison between our lithium isotope data and compiled literature data, we recommend preliminary average δ7Li values for seawater (+30.8‰) and several silicate rock reference materials (BHVO‐1: +5.0‰; JA‐1: +5.6‰; JB‐2: +4.8‰). The compilation of published δ7Li values for seawater suggests that the observed large lithium isotope differences are due to inter‐method and/or interlaboratory bias. Most recently published δ7Li values for seawater show little variation and confirm a constant lithium isotope composition (at the sub ‰ level) of seawater in well mixed ocean basins.
Retaining Talent: The Role of the Personal and Contextual Factors

Earlier studies have focusedontheattitudinal and behavioral aspects of employee turnover. However, this study empirically investigates the contextual (i.e.job complexity, developmental feedback and perceived organizational support) and personal (i.e.proactive personality and core self-evaluations) aspectsin order toelucidate turnover intention among the private sector universities of Pakistan. The study used a questionnaire-basedsurvey that was circulated amongst thefaculty members of theprivate universities,and 758responses were usedfor the final data analysis. Moreover, the structural equation modelingwas appliedandrevealed thatcore self-evaluation, developmental feedback, job complexity and perceived organizational support are negatively associated with turnover intention. However, the element of proactive personality was found to haveanon-significantassociation with turnover intention.This study has theoretical and practical implications for universities and recruitment departments.
Structure and properties of the 5.5 K antiferromagnet EuAu2Ge2

Abstract A well crystallized sample of EuAu2Ge2 was synthesized by arc-melting of the elements. The structure was refined on the basis of single crystal X-ray diffracto meter data: ThCr2Si2 type, I4/mmm, a = 447.3(1), c = 1034.0(4) pm, wR2 = 0.0575, 148 F2 values and 9 variables. The gold atoms have tetrahedral germanium coordination (261 pm Au—Ge). These AuGe4/4 tetrahedra share four common edges, leading to layers which are connected via Ge—Ge bonds (247 pm). The europium atoms fill cages of coordination number 16 within the [Au2Ge2]δ– polyanion. Temperature dependent susceptibility measurements show a magnetic moment of 7.79(1)μB/formula unit. Together with the 151 Eu Mössbauer spectroscopic data (isomer shift of –11.43 mm/s at 77 K), the magnetic data point to stable divalent europium. EuAu2Ge2 orders antiferromagnetically at TN1 = 5.5(1) K, followed by a spin-reorientation at TN2 = 3.5 K. A metamagnetic step occurs around 20 kOe in the 4 K magnetization isotherm.
Interaction of metamitron and metolachlor with organic and inorganic smectites

To obtain useful data for the interpretation of the adsorption results in pesticide‐clay‐water systems a study of the interaction of the herbicides metamitron and metolachlor with montmorillonite saturated with inorganic cations and trimethylalkylammonium cations using x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) was performed. XRD results indicated that both herbicides are adsorbed in the interlayer space of the inorganic montmorillonites forming definite and stable complexes, with d001 basal spacings of 14.72 A and 19.62 A in metamitron, and 16.85 A in metolachlor. The degree of interlayer expansion of the silicate was found to depend on the nature of the saturating cation and the structure and size of the herbicide molecule. IR results showed that the molecules of both herbicides interact with interlayer cations through the C = O groups. The herbicides also formed interlayer complexes with the organo clays, with d001 spacings ranging from 14.71 to 25.22 A for the metamitron complexes and from.
Process Monitoring Based on Independent Component Analysis - Principal Component Analysis ( ICA - PCA ) and Similarity Factors

Many of the current multivariate statistical process monitoring techniques (such as principal component analysis (PCA) or partial least squares (PLS)) do not utilize the non-Gaussian information of process data. This paper proposes a new monitoring method based on independent component analysis−principal component analysis (ICA−PCA). The Gaussian and non-Gaussian information can be extracted for fault detection and diagnosis. Moreover, a new mixed similarity factor is proposed. This similarity factor is used to identify the fault mode. Because of the non-orthogonal nature of the extracted independent components, a “main angle” is proposed to calculate the ICA-based similarity factor. To handle the cases where two datasets have similar principal components or independent components but the numerical values of the process variables are different, two distance similarity factors are used for complement. A case study of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process indicates that the proposed fault detection a.
Evaluation of Phosphorus Pools and Fractions in an Acid Tropical Soil Recapitalized with Different Phosphorus Sources

Abstract Bray 1 phosphorus (B1P) and sequential phosphorus (P) fractions were determined on soils treated with triple superphosphate (TSP), Gafsa (GPR), and Christmas Island phosphate rocks (CIPR), respectively, with and without manure. The fractions extracted in decreasing lability were iron oxide–impregnated paper strip P (Pi‐strip P), inorganic (Pi), and organic (Po) bicarbonate (NaHCO3‐Pi and ‐Po), hydroxide [sodium hydroxide (NaOH)‐Pi and ‐Po], hydrochloric acid (HCl) P, and residual (residue P). The magnitude of B1P was in the order TSP>GPR=CIPR. Average B1P from PRs was two‐fold the amount in TSP, whereas that of the fractions was NaOH‐P>Residue P<sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) P<Pi‐strip P <HCl. Bray 1 extracted mainly the most labile fractions (Pi‐strip P and NaHCO3‐Pi), and plant P uptake was correlated mainly to NaOH‐Po and NaHCO3‐Pi. Magnitude of various fractions differed between TSP and PRs. Both B1P and the fractions were equally correlated to P uptake (R2=0.38**). Nevertheless, sequential fractionation appears to be a powerful tool to identify the P status and availability in soil.
Hepatitis C viral load and genotypes among Nigerian subjects with chronic infection and implication for patient management: a retrospective review of data

Introduction Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is highly infectious with no currently available vaccine. Prior to treatment, it is recommended to confirm HCV infection with either quantitative or qualitative nucleic acid test. Access to these assays in Nigeria is limited but for effective management of patients, HCV viral load (VL) prior to therapy is required and genotype may be needed in some instances. This study aimed at reviewing the pattern of HCV viral load and genotype in the country, and its implication in patient management. Methods this was a retrospective study that involved data abstraction from an electronic database of an accredited laboratory between June 2013 and May 2017. De-linked data were abstracted from records of adult subjects with HCV VL and genotype results, these were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS v20. Results within the study period, 346 subjects had baseline VL and 134 (38.7%) had genotype results available. Of these, 202/346 (58.4%) had detectable VL results with higher prevalence in males (64.7%) and ≥51years (42.5%) age group. The median VL among 202 subjects was 407,430 (IQR: 96,388 - 1,357,012) IU/mL. Distribution of genotypes showed that genotypes 1 and 4 had prevalence of 63.2% and 16.8% respectively. Conclusion genotypes 1 and 4 have the highest prevalence. A greater proportion of subjects had VL values ≤800,000 IU/mL, an indication that they are more likely to respond well to available antiviral therapy hence, access to these antivirals will greatly improve management of HCV infection in Nigeria.
Preparation and Properties of Polyamines: Part II―Controlled and Sustained Release of Nitric Oxide (NO) from Nitrosated Polymers

The secondary amine moieties of polyamines prepared by the reactions of aliphatic diamines, and 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, were nitrosated using sodium nitrite and aqueous concentrated sulfuric acid at low temperature. Released NO from these polymers, suspended in water or phosphate buffer solutions (PBS), was measured at increasing time intervals by colorimetric techniques using Griess Reagent. Similar tests were also conducted with model compounds. In general, both the model compounds and the corresponding polymers exhibited similar NO release profiles, with apparent half lives up to 88 h and 81 h, respectively. They were strongly dependent on the length of the alkyl chains derived from the primary amines used for the preparation of these NO-releasing materials. Results from in vitro studies using low molecular weight NO-releasing compounds with PC-12 cell are also reported. High concentration of NO induced neuronal cell death. On the other hand, low concentration of NO inhibited cell death induced by oxidative stress. This suggests that cell survival effect is NO-dependent.