Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing float p CO 2 profiles in the Southern Ocean to ship data reveals discrepancies

The Southern Ocean plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Recently, the utilization of biogeochemical (BGC) Argo float data has provided valuable insights into the uptake and release of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by this region. 10 However, significant uncertainty remains regarding the accuracy of p CO 2 (partial pressure of CO 2 ) values derived from float data. In this study, we compared p CO 2 estimates obtained from float pH data with those from ship-collected data across the Southern Ocean, employing p CO 2 -depth, p CO 2 -O 2 and CO 2 -O 2 vs saturation plots to assess the degree of agreement between these two datasets. Our findings reveal significant systematic differences. A preliminary analysis, ignoring other factors, found that the float data is consistently higher, on average, than the ship data at equivalent depths and oxygen levels. We 15 tested the hypothesis that inaccurate float pH data or float p CO 2 correction process is the main cause of the p CO 2 difference, by quantifying other factors that could produce systematic differences, including: (i) spatial sampling bias, (ii) seasonal bias, (iii) errors in estimated alkalinity, (iv) errors in carbonate system constants, and (v) higher levels of anthropogenic CO 2 in float data. However, none of the other factors were found to be able to fully account for the discrepancies, suggesting issues with float pH data quality and/or the float p CO 2 correction process. Additional analysis included refinements to ship-based 20 and float-based p CO 2 before intercomparison. Overall, we estimate that, in the Southern Ocean, surface p CO 2 from floats is biased high by, on average, at least 10 μatm.
Fluid inclusion study of gypsum precipitated in acid saline waters: Salar Ignorado, northern Chile

Fluid inclusion study of gypsum precipitated in acid saline waters: Salar Ignorado, northern Chile Francis John Karmanocky III Salar Ignorado is situated at high elevation in the Andes Mountains of northern Chile in an extremely arid, small, intervolcanic basin and contains pools of acid (pH 3.3 – 4.1) saline (5 – 30 ppth) water that are precipitating gypsum crystals. Gypsum crystals trap acid saline water from the pools as fluid inclusions. Little research has been conducted on fluid inclusions in gypsum. At Salar Ignorado two types of bottom-growth gypsum form from the surface pools: large bladed and tiny needle-like crystals. Salar Ignorado gypsum contains primary fluid inclusions of three distinct morphologies, oriented parallel to crystal face. Petrography and microthermometry were performed on 27 gypsum crystals from Salar Ignorado. Most primary fluid inclusions are all liquid, however some primary inclusions are composed of liquid and a gas phase. One large gypsum crystal, hosting primary fluid inclusions along 28 successive growth bands, was the focus for fluid inclusion studies. Microthermometric results in geochemical trends. This crystal shows a change in parent fluids, during growth, from low salinity to high salinity to low salinity. At the bottom of the crystal, the lowest six fluid inclusion assemblages have salinities of 1.7 to 5.1 eq. wt. % NaCl. The next nine fluid inclusion assemblages have significantly higher salinity (18.6 and 25.5 eq. wt. % NaCl) inclusions. The twelve fluid inclusion assemblages near the top of the crystal have low salinity (1.6 to 7.9 eq. wt. % NaCl) like those at the bottom of the crystal. The high salinity fluid inclusions in the middle of this gypsum crystal are interpreted as the migration of hydrothermal fluids to the surface, which are intimately linked to the local active magmatism. Secondary evidence of hydrothermal pulses are high molecular weight hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide odors upon crushing. A variety of microorganisms are trapped both as solid inclusions and as potentially viable halophilic and acidophilic prokaryotes and eukaryotes within fluid inclusions in this Mars-analog gypsum. Pennate diatoms, green algae, and prokaryotes have been documented in gypsum precipitated from acid (pH 1.8–4.6) saline (5%–28% total dissolved solids) waters at Salar Ignorado and its larger neighbor, Salar Gorbea. Evaluation of Salar Ignorado gypsum indicates that primary fluid inclusions record hydrochemistry and microbiology of various intervals of waters. This study has implications for detailed interpretations of past environments from ancient gypsum in the rock record, as well as clues for the search for life on Mars. This thesis has shown for the first time that primary fluid inclusions in gypsum can serve as proxies for various environmental conditions. Detailed study of Salar Ignorado gypsum has identified trends in surface water salinity, degassing of hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons, and fossilization of microorganisms.
The influence of extreme thermal stress on the physiological and psychological characteristics of young women who sporadically use the sauna: practical implications for the safe use of the sauna

Background Many individuals who use the sauna at a temperature of 120°C of higher are not aware of the negative consequences of extreme thermal stress. Despite extensive research into sauna use, the impact of extreme thermal stress on the physiological and psychological characteristics of sauna users have not been examined to date. Aim The aim was to determine the effect of 20 min sauna sessions with a temperature of 80°C and 120°C on the physiological and psychological characteristics of women who sporadically visit the sauna. Methods The study was conducted on 22 full-time female university students. Physical activity (PA) levels were evaluated with the Polish short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Anthropometric characteristics were measured before the first sauna session by the InBody270 body composition analyzer. Physiological parameters, including heart, energy expenditure, physical effort, and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure – SBP, and diastolic blood pressure – DBP), were assessed indirectly using Polar V800 heart rate monitors and the Omron M6 Comfort blood pressure monitor. The participants’ wellbeing was assessed with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. The presence of significant correlations between heat exhaustion and heat stress variables and syncope during the second sauna session was examined with the use of classification and regression trees (CRT) and the cross-validation technique. Results Twenty-minute sauna sessions with a temperature of 80°C and 120°C induced a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the values of SBP (excluding the temperature of 120°C), DBP, and body mass, as well as a significant increase in HR and forehead temperature. Exposure to a temperature of 80°C led to a significant (p < 0.001) increase in vigor with a simultaneous decrease in tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion. In turn, sauna bathing at a temperature of 120°C had an opposite effect on the above mood parameters. Vomiting and confusion were the main predictors of syncope that occurred in some of the surveyed women. Conclusion Excessive air temperature can induce symptoms characteristic of heat exhaustion and heat stress nausea, heavy sweating, fast weak or strong HR, high body temperature, and confusion. Therefore, sauna bathing at a temperature of 80°C can be recommended to women who sporadically use the sauna, whereas exposure to a temperature of 120°C is not advised in this group of sauna users. The present findings provide highly valuable inputs for managing wellness and SPA centers.
Comparative Analysis of the Immediate Post-operative Outcomes between Conventional and Fully Automatic Robotic-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background: Different techniques employed during conventional and robotic assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty may lead to variation in the immediate post-operative outcomes. Primary objective of the study was to evaluate the differences in the post-operative pain, analgesics use and length of stay between the RA-TKA and C-TKA. Secondary objective was to study the patient reported outcome measures at six months post TKA. Materials & Methods: It is a retrospective review of two cohort of patients (C -TKA and RA-TKA) who were operated between January to April 2022. Patients were given the option between C-TKA and RA- TKA. Sample size was estimated to be 28 patients in each group with α error of 0.05 and power of study being 80%. An independent observer analyzed the post-operative parameters like analgesic use, length of stay, VAS score and Oxford Knee Score at 6 months post TKA. Results: 30 patients in two cohorts were studied. There was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts as regards the pre-operative patient characteristics. RA- TKA group had a shorter hospital stay (days) than the C-TKA group (3.24±0.50 and 4.07± 0.52, P <0.0001). Pain score (VAS score) was lower in RA -TKA than C-TKA cohort (POD1 5.23 ± 0.50 and 5.93 ± 0.52 POD2 4.40 ± 0.56 and 5.03 ± 0.49, p value <0.0001). R- TKA patients required significantly lower morphine milligram equivalent and NSAIDS than the C-TKA patients (p =0.0005 and p <0.001 respectively). The OKS at 6 months was lower in C-TKA than RA-TKA (32.5± 2.3 C-TKA vs. 33.8±1.5 RA-TKA, p value 0.0120). Conclusions: RA,-TKA cohort showed significant early advantages like decreased post-operative analgesia usage, shorter length of stay and lower pain scores on day 1 and 2 than the C TKA group. The OKS at 6 months was slightly better in RA-TKA vs. C-TKA. Keywords: Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty, Conventional total knee arthroplasty, Visual analog scale score, Analgesic.
Transcatheter options for atrial fibrillation treatment: an overview of the ablative techniques currently available and future perspectives

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the adult population and catheter ablation has emerged as an important rhythm-control strategy and is the most common cardiac ablation procedure performed worldwide. The antiarrhythmic drugs have demonstrated moderate efficacy in long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm; moreover, they are often not tolerated and are associated with adverse events. Catheter ablation has proven to be effective in treating AF, although long-term outcomes have been significantly less favorable in persistent AF than in paroxysmal. The current guidelines recommend catheter ablation as class I indication for patients whom antiarrhythmic drugs have failed or are not tolerated, and as first-line rhythm-control therapy in selected patients with symptomatic AF. Advances in technology and innovative ablation protocols resulted in a remarkable improvement of the efficacy outcomes after pulmonary vein isolation. This review seeks to provide an updated report of the current practices and approaches, and to describe the latest advances in technology that aim to improve procedural safety, efficacy and to reduce procedural requirements in terms of duration and fluoroscopy exposure.
Effect of Gynura procumbens leaf extract with biological nanoparticles on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in a rat model

Herbal medicines, a popular choice for treatments, are effective against diabetes when used with nanoparticles. Thus, this study investigates the effects of Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract with chitosan nanoparticles on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rat model. Twenty-eight days old 16 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups such as T0 = control (normal), T1 = streptozotocin-induced diabetes, T2 = streptozotocin-induced diabetes treated with ethanolic extract of Gynura Procumbens (150 mg/kg body weight), and T3= streptozotocin induced diabetes treated with ethanolic extract of Gynura Procumbens (150 mg/kg) and chitosan nanoparticles (25 mg/kg). Blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group T1 (26.27±1.76) compared to treatment T2 (18.32±.715) and T3 (15.45±1.33) groups. The body weight of T1 (115.75±0.08c) significantly decreased compared to control T0 (216.25±4.27) on the 21st day. Interestingly, there was significant (p<0.01) weight gain in T2 and T3 than diabetic group T1. Also, insulin level peaked in T3 (0.41 µU/ml) statistically significant at (p<0.01), while it decreased in diabetic group T1 (0.41 µU/ml) compared to control T0 (0.34 µU/ml). Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were normal in control T0 (181.50 U/L and 139.00 U/L), while diabetic group T1 showed an increased level (463.75 U/L and 322.00 U/L). Interestingly, treatment of the plant extracts and nanoparticles (T3) effectively reduced ALT and ASL levels within the 21 days of treatment. In conclusion, Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract and chitosan nanoparticles can be used as an effective anti-diabetic treatment.
Knowledge levels and sociodemographic influences on dementia awareness in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Purpose: This study aims to examine the level of knowledge about dementia among the public and explore differences in knowledge between sociodemographic groups. Materials & methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study surveyed individuals living in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Dementia knowledge assessment scale (DKAS) was used to measure knowledge about dementia. Multiple regression was used to identify the significant predictors of higher levels of knowledge about dementia. Results: Among 1,030 participants, the mean DKAS score was 20.5 (standard deviation=10.3) out of 50. A higher level knowledge about dementia was significantly and positively associated with university education (β=2.42; p=0.010) and income higher (β=2.78; p=0.001). On the other hand, the total DKAS score was significantly and negatively associated with being male (β=-1.78; p=0.003), not knowing a person with dementia (PwD) (β=-.56; p<0.001), and not living with a PwD (β=-1.57; p=0.120). Conclusions: The level of knowledge about dementia is low among people living in Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province. Enhancing the community’s knowledge and awareness about dementia and its related topics should be considered at the regional or national levels.
Assessing global good agricultural practices standard adoption: insights from fruit and vegetable farmers in Pakistan

This study examines the challenges Pakistani farmers face in adopting global good agricultural practices (GGAP) and highlights the limitations in infrastructure and cost-based clauses. A questionnaire based on GGAP’s fruit and vegetable module version 5.0 was developed and validated by the Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad. This was a survey-based study of 15 farmers divided into 5 groups according to their annual farm turnover. The findings of the study indicated that, although the basic paperwork requirements of GGAP were implementable, clauses related to capital investment and technical record-keeping were not. Results showed that 90-100% of farmers considered risk assessments, training, and documentation on their farms. However, 42-56% of clauses related to record-keeping, installation, visual presentation, and infrastructure development, and 24-37% of clauses related to external testing, health, safety, and hygiene were declared not implementable. The study revealed a need for adapting GGAP standards to Pakistan’s unique agricultural conditions, suggesting the development of localized standards for more practical implementation. The study’s findings highlight crucial insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the agriculture sector and suggest the need for target strategies to overcome implementation barriers and optimize the adaptation of Global GAP in Pakistan that would help to increase exports of agricultural commodities.
Radiofrequency ablation as a treatment modality for primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic literature review

Background Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is an endocrine disorder typically characterized by elevated serum calcium and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). While parathyroidectomy is the standard treatment, non-operative intervention such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been adopted as an alternative for the management of pHPT, as it has been utilized in other endocrine glands such as thyroid and adrenal. In this literature review, we aim to evaluate the current practice of RFA for pHPT. Methods A systematic literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase through June 2022 was conducted. Studies included in the review consisted of patient cohorts who had an unequivocal diagnosis of pHPT and underwent the treatment of pHPT with RFA. When more than one study was published from a similar cohort of patients, only the study with the most number of patients was considered. Studies included were assessed for bias using the critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) System. Results A total of 14 studies describing 167 parathyroid glands treated in 163 patients were reviewed. The overall cure rate was 91.2%, with 5 patients undergoing more than one ablation. The most common adverse effect encountered was temporary dysphonia. Incomplete ablation and missed multiglandular disease were the most common reasons for RFA treatment failure. Conclusions RFA may be an effective and safe alternative to parathyroidectomy in select patients with a well-localized, well-located parathyroid adenoma. Additional long-term data are needed to refine its role in the pHPT treatment algorithm.
Study of Optimal Portfolio Performance on Markowitz and Index Model

The choice of a portfolio optimization of shares has been for so long a subject of major interest in the field of investment and financial mathematics. This article aims to create a portfolio optimization which follows the objective of maximized return and minimized risk under given constraint among S&P 500 and the ten stocks, utilizing data collected from Yahoo! Data. The article ought to elucidate the Markowitz Model and Single Index Model in terms of generating a better result via comparing their distinct mechanisms in calculating their return percentage, standard deviation and Sharpe ratio, alongside with the corresponding efficiency frontier to compare their sharp ratio to determine a better model for each scenario. The result illustrates a better performance of the Markowitz Model in the aspect of producing a better portfolio optimization contrasting the Index Model in all the constraint except constraint three. Eventually backtesting was utilized to verify the feasibility.
Preference of Chinese pre-service music teachers and schoolteachers for three culturally diverse musical pieces

Using three musical pieces as musical stimuli from Romania, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia, this study extended Fung’s study by examining Chinese pre-service music teachers’ (n = 115) and schoolteachers’ (n = 131) personal preferences and external preferences for orchestral, folk, and popular music pieces. Two groups of participants were asked to select their preferred music from three pieces and to provide verbal descriptions of the reasons for their selections. The results showed (a) no significant differences in personal preference between the two groups but statistical significances in external preferences between the two groups; (b) the highest preference rating by both groups of teachers was folk music and the highest forced-choice preference was popular music; (c) statistically significant correlations between personal preference and external preference were evident in both groups across all three pieces; and (d) frequent descriptions by both groups of participants of the pieces in terms of musical characteristics were shared. The implications of this study are as follows. (1) Psychologists and music researchers gain insights about Chinese young adults’ listening preferences, which might offer implications for future research in the field of psychology; and (2) By enhancing multicultural awareness, music education teachers and researchers should combine different music styles to broaden students’ music horizons.
Face De-Morphing Based on Diffusion Autoencoders

Face morphing attacks pose a significant threat to society as they disrupt the one-to-one mapping between facial images and identity features in face recognition systems. Despite the development of several detection methods to counter such attacks, the task of restoring the facial image of the accomplice from the morphed facial image, known as face de-morphing, remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel diffusion-based method for face de-morphing. This method employs pre-trained diffusion autoencoders to encode the image into two subspaces: a semantic latent space that captures identity features and a stochastic latent space that retains the remaining stochastic details. To ensure the effective separation of identity features, a dual-branch identity separation network is constructed in the semantic latent space. This network utilizes a cross-attention inverse linear interpolation branch to separate the accomplice’s semantic latent code and a multilayer perceptron branch to complement the separated latent code. Additionally, the morphed stochastic latent code is empirically chosen as the accomplice’s stochastic latent code. Finally, a conditional denoising diffusion implicit model is used to decode the latent code of the two subspaces, thus achieving the restoration of the accomplice’s facial image. Experimental results and analysis demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing face de-morphing methods in terms of restoration accuracy and image quality.
Principal's Effective Communication and Teacher Performance: A Classroom Perspective

This research analyzes the school principal's effective communication towards improving teacher performance. Effective principal-teacher communication is essential for building trust and mutual support. This research uses qualitative methods, with a narrative research design involving five class teachers in one of the elementary schools in Cibitung Sub-District, Bekasi Regency, West Java Province. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation and documentation studies. Inductive and thematic data analysis was conducted using NVivo 12 Plus to identify, evaluate, and create themes expressed by participants. This research shows that the principal's effective communication has an impact on the performance of classroom teachers through the principles established by the principal. This research contributes to improving effective school principal communication so that it has an impact on the quality of educational units and the findings can be used by policy makers in determining the direction of school principals in leading educational units.