Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moyamoya Disease in a Six Month Caucasian Female

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive cerebral arteriopathy characterized by stenosis and/or occlusion of the internal carotid arteries and the arteries around the Circle of Willis, with the development of “moyamoya” vessels, which are an attempt at revascularization at the base of the brain. In this paper we describe a 6 month, 3-week-old girl who presented with seizures and strokes due to moyamoya disease. The diagnosis of early onset MMD was made due to the magnetic resonance angiography results showing severe stenosis of the terminal/supraclinoid carotid arteries bilaterally with moyamoya vessels, and a completely novel de novo mutation in the RNF213 gene. She underwent bilateral encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) five months after her initial presentation and she did pretty well subsequently. She has shown no episodes suggestive of further strokes up to one year after surgery.
Hyperbranched poly(ferrocenylphenylenes) : Synthesis, characterization, redox activity, metal complexation, pyrolytic ceramization, and soft ferromagnetism

Hyperbranched poly(ferrocenylphenylenes) (hb-PFPs) with high molecular weights were synthesized by the copolycyclotrimerizations of (E,E)-1,1‘-bis[2-(4-ethynylphenyl)vinyl]ferrocene (1) with (E)-1-[2-(4-ethynylphenyl)vinyl]ferrocene (2) catalyzed by TaCl5−Ph4Sn at room temperature in high yields (up to 97%). Effects of reaction conditions, such as monomer and catalyst concentrations, reaction time and molar feed ratio (r1/2), on the copolycyclotrimerization were investigated. Solubility of the copolymer is decreased with an increase in its content of diyne component (N1/N2). The hb-PFPs were characterized by IR, NMR, UV, CV and TGA analyses. The copolymers are redox active, whose oxidation potentials are decreased with an increase in N1/N2. They are thermally stable, losing ∼5% of weights when heated to 384−400 °C and retaining ∼70% of weights when pyrolyzed at 1200 °C. The complexation with cobalt carbonyl further metallizes the hb-PFPs and the pyrolytic ceramization of the cobalt−polymer complexes yield.
Pollen as a potential indicator of the origin of massive ice in northwest Siberia

Pollen and spores collected from massive ice bodies in northwest Siberia were studied with the aim to provide a cryogenic indication of their origin. We discuss perennial massive ice, which may occur as lenses, layers, or irregular masses in the frozen ground and may be buried or intrasedimental. Pollen assemblages in massive ice deposits of Holocene age indicated a nonglacial origin of the ice. Pollen assemblages from glacial snow cover and snow patches on tundra were analyzed to reveal signs of buried ice. This approach allowed us to assess the nature of several massive ice bodies as intrasedimental and buried, and demonstrated how pollen may be used as an indicator for the origin of massive ice in northwest Siberia.
Revealing Sediment Transport Pathways and Geomorphic Change in Washover Fans by Combining Drone‐Derived Digital Elevation Models and Single Grain Luminescence Data

Chronostratigraphic investigations on coastal sedimentary records such as washover fans or beach‐ridge sequences may be used to reconstruct storm chronologies on centennial to millennial time scales. However, modern analogs are pivotal in interpreting depositional processes and reducing uncertainty in evaluating the complex chronostratigraphic architecture of these landforms. Such a modern analog was provided by category 3 tropical cyclone (TC) Olwyn in 2015, which caused a significant storm surge in the Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia). Pre‐ and post‐TC Olwyn geomorphological surveys and high‐resolution drone‐derived topographical data of a large washover fan document a detailed history of erosion and deposition during the event. The modern analog deposits provided an excellent opportunity to evaluate the use of luminescence‐based proxies (luminescence inventories) for tracing event‐related sediment source environments and understanding transport processes. Sediments deposited during Olwyn show a systematic relationship between luminescence characteristics and washover fan position. Seaward and central washover sections are indicated by well‐bleached deposits due to the beach as the dominant source and/or long transport distances. Lateral washover deposits are characterized by rather local source areas and short transport distances, resulting in higher remnant ages of 70–140 a. Our data show that the combination of sediment source environments and sediment transport length across the fan represents the main control in resetting the luminescence signal and enabling reliable depositional ages to be calculated. It documents the benefit of investigating luminescence inventories when establishing chronologies from complex sedimentary records, thereby demanding a careful consideration of local processes and source areas when interpreting sedimentary TC records.
An Evaluation Framework and Algorithms for Train Rescheduling

In railway traffic systems, whenever disturbances occur, it is important to effectively reschedule trains while optimizing the goals of various stakeholders. Algorithms can provide significant benefits to support the traffic controllers in train rescheduling, if well integrated into the overall traffic management process. In the railway research literature, many algorithms are proposed to tackle different versions of the train rescheduling problem. However, limited research has been performed to assess the capabilities and performance of alternative approaches, with the purpose of identifying their main strengths and weaknesses. Evaluation of train rescheduling algorithms enables practitioners and decision support systems to select a suitable algorithm based on the properties of the type of disturbance scenario in focus. It also guides researchers and algorithm designers in improving the algorithms. In this paper, we (1) propose an evaluation framework for train rescheduling algorithms, (2) present two train rescheduling algorithms: a heuristic and a MILP-based exact algorithm, and (3) conduct an experiment to compare the two multi-objective algorithms using the proposed framework (a proof-of-concept). It is found that the heuristic algorithm is suitable for solving simpler disturbance scenarios since it is quick in producing decent solutions. For complex disturbances wherein multiple trains experience a primary delay due to an infrastructure failure, the exact algorithm is found to be more appropriate.
Petroleum Coke Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Product Effects on Soil and Water Quality

The combustion of petroleum coke with limestone in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) to remove SO2 from flue gas creates a product that may be used in agriculture. However, there are no reports on changes of soil chemical properties by application of petroleum coke CFB product. Two field experiments were conducted to determine elements in topsoil, subsoil, and soil water after CFB product application at 67.2 Mg/ha. Sulfur in the 0- to 60-cm and Ca, Mo, Ni, Sb, Sr, and V in the 0- to 15-cm soil layers were all increased 7 and 30 months after application. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, Ni, S, and Sr in soil water at the 60-cm depth were 2 to 4 times greater than control levels 6 months after treatment and 8 to 31 times greater 27 months after treatment. Concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Sb were also increased in soil water 6 months after treatment at the 30-cm depth and 27 months after treatment at the 60-cm depth. Subsoil chemical properties and vadose water quality in this study were significantly changed by the surface application of petroleum coke CFB product, but the changes would not preclude the use of CFB product as a beneficial soil amendment.
The effect of Muslims’ tendency to regret being customers of conventional banks on their intention to save money in Islamic banks

Purpose There are some Muslims who only hold conventional bank accounts, regardless that some believe that such banks implement an interest charging system that contradicts Islamic law concerning the prohibition of charging interest. This study aims to investigate the consumers’ tendency to regret (CTR) related to purchasing conventional banking services (CTR-P) and the failure to purchase Islamic banking services (CTR-NP). Then, this study investigates whether CTR-P and CTR-NP translate into regret, which, in turn, leads to the intention to save money in Islamic banks. Design/methodology/approach A survey of Indonesian Muslims who only hold conventional banking accounts was conducted. There were 323 participants. This study then applied a partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses. Findings This study found that a combination of CTR-P and CTR-NP translates into regret, which then drives the intention to save money in Islamic banks as a means of releasing such feelings of regret. The findings suggest that Muslims evaluate their banking decision on an Islamic basis and that making a decision that contradicts the prohibition of charging interest tends to cause regret. Islamic banks have opportunities to penetrate the market by focusing on Muslims who only hold accounts with conventional banks. Originality/value The findings of this study help advance understanding of Muslims’ negative emotional experience due to making a decision that they perceive contradicts Islamic law. Also, the findings help predict the strategy that Muslims use to neutralize such a negative emotional experience.
Risk aversion, path dependency and financial economic decision-making in low-income communities: Experimental evidence from South Africa

Orientation: Poverty is deeply entrenched in South Africa, and various initiatives to reduce it have not been successful. Behavioural economics may help explain this by testing whether individuals exhibit path dependence when making decisions under uncertainty. Research purpose: The aim of this article was to test the presence of path dependence and the determinants of risk aversion. Motivation for the study: This study was conducted in Eastern Cape province of South Africa, which is largely rural, with a high level of poverty, where 36% of households depend on social security grants, and unemployment is higher than the national average. Research approach/design and method: An experimental design approach was applied, eliciting risk under different prospects. Descriptive statistics was used to determine path dependency, with random effects regression used to investigate the determinants of risk aversion. Main findings: The results show the existence of path dependence, with individuals who are more risk averse unwilling to change their choices even if they stand to win or lose more than in the previous period. Practical/managerial implications: Policymakers need to consider these behavioural characteristics in formulating policies to reduce poverty. Information and how that information is presented (framing) are central for impactful policy formulation. Contribution/value-add: The results here have policy implications on addressing triple challenges bedeviling South Africa and many developing countries.
Comparing Growth Rates of Simulated Moist and Dry Convective Thermals

The spreading rates of convective thermals are linked to their net entrainment, and previous literature has suggested differences in spreading rates between moist and dry thermals. In this study, growth rates of idealized numerically simulated axisymmetric dry and moist convective thermals are directly compared. In an environment with dry-neutral stratification, the increase of thermal radius with height dR/dz is a larger by a factor of 1.7 for dry thermals relative to moist thermals. The fractional change in thermal volume ε is also greater for dry thermals within a distance of ~4 radii from the initial thermal height. Values of dR/dz are nearly constant with height for both moist and dry thermals consistent with classical theory based on dimensional analysis. The simulations are also consistent with theory relating impulse, circulation, and spreading rate for dry thermals proposed in previous papers and extended here to moist thermals, predicting they will spread less than dry thermals. Tests adding heating to dry thermals, either spread uniformly across the thermal volume or concentrated in the inner core, indicate that dR/dz and ε are smaller for moist thermals because latent heating is confined mostly to their cores. Additional axisymmetric moist simulations using modified lapse rates and large-eddy simulations support this analysis. Overall, these results indicate that slow spreading rates are a fundamental feature of moist thermals caused by latent heating that alters the spatial distribution of buoyancy within them relative to dry thermals.
Determinants of Home Delivery among Mothers in Abobo District, Gambella Region, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

Introduction Home delivery is one of the major reasons for high maternal mortality ratio in sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia together contribute over 85% of maternal deaths, of which, only half of deliveries are institutional. However, data are scarce on the availability of information with regard to the determinant factors for this high prevalence of home delivery in the study area. Objective This study is aimed at determining factors associated with home delivery, among mothers in Abobo Woreda, Gambella region, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods A case control study conducted from 12 March 2019 up to 2 April 2019 on 88 cases and 176 controls. Cases include mothers who gave birth at home and those mothers who gave birth at health facility in the last one year preceding the study included as controls. Data entry was made using Epi-Data version 3.1, and analysis was made using SPSS version 20. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess candidate variables and subsequently a multivariable regression to determine the statistical associations. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to determine strength of association, and p value <0.05 was used to establish significant associations. Results No formal education (AOR: 5.07; 95% CI: 2.18-11.50), poor knowledge on obstetric complications (AOR: 3.83; 95% CI: 1.98-7.40), negative attitude towards delivery service (AOR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.70-6.19), poor household wealth index (AOR: 4.55; 95% CI: 2.01-10.31), and no antenatal care visit (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.63-6.63) were found to be significantly associated with home delivery. Conclusions The findings do support that no formal education, poor knowledge on obstetric complications, negative attitude towards delivery service, poor household wealth index, and no antenatal care visit showed a significant association with home delivery.
Assessment of responses of North Atlantic winter sea surface temperature to the North Atlantic Oscillation on an interannual scale in 13 CMIP5 models

Abstract. This study evaluates the response of winter-average sea surface temperature (SST) to the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) simulated by 13 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) Earth system models in the North Atlantic (NA) (0–65∘ N) on an interannual scale. Most of the models can reproduce an observed tripolar pattern of the response of the SST anomalies to the NAO on an interannual scale. The model bias is mainly reflected in the locations of the negative-response centers in the subpolar NA (45–65∘ N), which is mainly caused by the bias of the response of the SST anomalies to the NAO-driven turbulent heat flux (THF) anomalies. Although the influence of the sensible heat flux (SHF) on the SST is similar to that of the latent heat flux (LHF), it seems that the SHF may play a larger role in the response of the SST to the NAO, and the weak negative response of the SST anomalies to the NAO-driven LHF anomalies is mainly caused by the overestimated oceanic role in the interaction of the LHF and SST. Besides the THF, some other factors which may impact the relationship of the NAO and SST are discussed. The relationship of the NAO and SST is basically not affected by the heat meridional advection transports on an interannual timescale, but it may be influenced by the cutoffs of data filtering, the initial fields, and external-forcing data in some individual models, and in the tropical NA it can also be affected by the different definitions of the NAO indices.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PERUSAHAAN SUB-SEKTOR KIMIA YANG TERDAFTAR PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2017-2019

Mengetahui pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan sub-sektor kimia periode waktu 2017-2019 baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 10 perusahaan yang telah melewati proses pemilihan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling sehingga total sampel berjumlah 30 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini mendapati bahwa Profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi 0.211 > 0.05, sebaliknya Leverage berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi 0.005 < 0.05, dan secara simultan Profitabilitas dan Leverage berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan bukti 0.019 < 0.05.
Holmium laser enucleation of prostate by using en-bloc and bladder neck preservation technique: technical consideration and influence on functional outcomes

Background This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) by using en-bloc and bladder neck preservation technique on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and assess the influence of this procedure on urinary and sexual functional outcomes. Methods A total of 704 patients with BPH undergoing HoLEP were retrospectively analysed. Amongst them, 213 who met the sexual function assessment criteria were further assessed the influence of the technique on sexual functional outcomes. Results The mean operative time, resected prostate weight and mean estimated blood loss were 69.3±14.8 min, 53.4±17.6 g and 62.1±23.7 mL, respectively. The mean duration of catheterization after surgery and mean hospital stay were 2.1±1 and 5.4±3.6 days, respectively. The post-void residual volume, maximum urinary flow rate, international prostate symptom score and quality of life score were all significantly improved postoperation (P<0.05). Amongst the 213 patients with normal antegrade ejaculation before surgery, postoperative international index of erectile function scores slightly improved, although the difference was insignificant (P>0.05). The difference in the Erection Hardness Grading Scale before and after surgery was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). A total of 25 (11.7%) patients had retrograde ejaculation after surgery. Conclusions HoLEP by an en-bloc and bladder neck preservation technique can obtain good functional outcome with small injury and high efficiency, especially for patients who need to preserve normal sexual function and anterograde ejaculation.
Revenue and distributional modelling for a wealth tax

In this paper, we model the revenue that could be raised from an annual and a one-off wealth tax of the design recommended by Advani, Chamberlain and Summers in the Wealth Tax Commission’s Final Report (2020). We examine the distributional effects of the tax, in terms of both wealth and other characteristics. We also estimate the share of taxpayers who would face liquidity constraints in meeting their tax liability. We ﬁnd that an annual wealth tax charging 0.17 per cent on wealth above £ 500,000 could generate £ 10 billion in revenue, before administrative costs. Alternatively, a one-off tax charging 4.8 per cent (effectively 0.95 per cent per year, paid over a ﬁve-year period) on wealth above the same threshold, would generate £ 250 billion in revenue. To put our revenue estimates into context, we present revenue estimates and costings for some commonly proposed reforms to the existing set of taxes on capital.
The Mediating Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Association between Abdominal Obesity and Renal Function in Older Adults

Backgrounds: The deleterious effects of abdominal obesity and aging have grown into a global health issue. However, relationships between abdominal obesity and renal function with aging and underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to explore associations of abdominal obesity with renal function in older individuals and further investigate potential mechanisms of metabolic traits on them. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 4,086 participants aged 60-115 years. Generalized linear models were used to quantify dose-response relationships of abdominal obesity with metabolic traits and renal function. Mediation analysis was performed to assess mediating effects of metabolic traits in the associations between abdominal obesity and renal function. Results: We found negative dose-response relationships between waist circumstance and the estimated glomerular rate (eGFR) (P <0.05). Abdominal obesity was associated with a 1.615 (95%CI: 0.647, 2.582) decrease in the eGFR and the decline of renal function with aging was more evident among abdominal obese participants. Significant relationships were observed between abdominal obesity and metabolic traits as well as between metabolic traits and eGFR (all P <0.05). Mediation analysis suggested that triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TCHO) partially mediated the association between abdominal obesity and eGFR, with a mediation percentage of 3.80% by LDL-C, 25.80% by TG, and 6.00% by TCHO (P <0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest individuals of abdominal obesity are more susceptible to the nephrotoxic effect with aging, and highlight the metabolic pathways, especially TG, in the link of abdominal obesity with decreased renal function.
Liquid Chromatography- Electrospray-Mass Spectrometry as a Valuable Tool for Characterizing Biodegradation Intermediates of Branched Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactants

Alcohol ethoxylates (AEs) are surfactants widely used for domestic and industrial uses. Very little is known about the degradation pathway of BAEs, and structures of their related intermediates have not yet been fully characterized. We have used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with an electrospray (ES) interface to fill in this gap. An example of BAEs, i.e., a 2-butyl branched A12E mixture with an average of five ethoxy units, was submitted to degradation, according to an OECD bioassay. After solid-phase extraction from samples of the bioassay solution taken at intervals, analytes were analyzed by LC-ES-MS. Elucidation of the metabolite structures were obtained by in-source collision-induced decomposition spectra. Initially, bacterial attack on the ethoxy chain (E-chain) produced species with the E-chain either shortened or, to a lesser extent, oxidized. Next, the major route for degradation produced abundant amounts of two new classes of rather stable intermediates via the ω, β-oxidation .