Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN ASSESSMENT OF GENDER INVOLVEMENT IN CROP PRODUCTION: A CASE OF KOLA PRODUCTION IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

Adebiyi, S. , oluyole, K.A. And fagbami, O.O. 2009. An assessment of gender involvement in crop production: a case of Kola production in Osun state, Nigeria. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 4(3):8-11. The study investigated the gender involvement in kola production in the study area. Structured questionnaires were used to select 200 respondents for the study and the study was conducted between June and July 2007. The data collected was analysed with descriptive analysis. Result shows that more males were involved in farm clearing (83.6%), chemical application (81.8%) and harvesting (74.5%). However, more females were involved in on-farm kola nut processing (89.1%) as well as kola nut preservation (70.9%). The study recommended that soft loans should be made available to the farmers (kola farmers) and that improved processing methods geared toward improved storage should be introduced.
Effectiveness of Parental Counseling in Parent-Child Relational Problems: A Quasi Experimental Research

The present study aimed at measuring the effectiveness of parental counseling on parent child-relational problems. This study included (N =31) parents including mothers (n = 20) and fathers (n = 11) from different cities of Punjab, Pakistan. The age of parents ranged between 31-52 years (M = 38.63, SD = 12.36). In a quasi-experimental design study; a pre-post assessment of parent-child relational problems was done by using 78-items Urdu version of Parent Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI). An indigenously developed 6 sessions’ Parental Counseling Program was implemented to improve parent-child relational problems. Results of the paired sample t-test revealed significant differences in pre-post assessment. Parents in post-test significantly exhibited higher scores on support (r = 2.73), satisfaction (r = 1.59), Involvement (r = .91), communication (r 43), limit setting (r = 1.91), autonomy (r = 2.33) and role orientation (r = 3.36) as compared to the pre-test results. In conclusion, parental counseling (and this ingeniously developed program) can play a significant role in improving parent-child relationships. The current study provides a counseling program for educational and school counselors, as a treatment process to improve parent-child relationship and consequently decrease the negative effects of parent-child relationship problems on children.
Use of media marketing tools among cassava growers in Oyo State

The study investigated the level of use of Media Marketing Tools (MMTs) among cassava growers in Oyo State. Interview schedule was used to collect data from a sample size of 192 respondents across the senatorial districts of the state. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that respondents’ years of farming experience, marketing experience and annual income were 16 ± 11.2 years, 12.5 ± 10.7 years , and ₦ 625, 833.3 ± ₦416,367.2, respectively. Despite wider spread and use of media marketing tools for agricultural products and services globally, use of MMTs was low in the study area. Unstable power supply ( x =2.0, 0.00), high cost of devices for accessing media marketing tools ( x = 1.98, 0.10) and lack of technical know-how ( x =1.97, 0.14) were identified as constraints to the use of the tools. Significant relationship existed between awareness (r= -0.57, p=0.00) and the use of media marketing tools, while knowledge (r= 0.355, p=0.067) did not have significant association with the use of the tools. Hence, there is need for intensified awareness and training of cassava growers by all extension stakeholders on the use of MMTs for improved productivity. Keywords: Cassava growers, marketing tools, cassava marketing
ADVANCES IN STUDIES ON THE TRIBOLOGY OF ULTRATHIN FILMS

An advance in studies on the tribology of ultrathin films over the years is presented, in which the researches on tribological properties of the Langmuir-Blodgett films, and self-assembled monolayers, as well as the molecular deposition films investigated by the authors and co-workers are primarily introduced. The emergence of atomic force microscope has promoted the development of ultrathin films; especially the Langmuir-Blodgett film is studied extensively. Firstly the research results on various factors affecting the tribological properties of Langmuir-Blodgett films and the progress in molecular dynamics simulation in application to the mechanisms of friction and lubrication are introduced. Secondly a review of the experimental and theoretical researches on self-assembled monolayers is given. Finally the recent advances in the investigation of tribological properties of molecular deposition films deposited on different substrates (Au, Si and Silica rock surfaces) are presented; moreover, the prospect on the tribological application of this ultrathin film is approached.
Seed Dispersal

Frugivorous primates disperse the seeds of an enormous number of plant species in a wide variety of vegetation types across the globe. This facultative mutualism has contributed to the species and functional diversification of primates, in addition to influencing the reproductive ecology of plant species producing fleshy fruits. By generating heterogeneous seed shadows often characterized by the dispersal of seeds long distances, into multiple habitats, and with varying degrees of spatial aggregation, primates are often effective seed dispersers that are critical to the regeneration of plant communities, especially in an era of rapid global change.
Economic Analysis of Property Rights: Contents

This is a study of the way individuals organise the use of resources in order to maximise the value of their economic rights over these resources. Property rights and all forms of organisation result from people's deliberate actions. In the tradition of Coase, this study offers a unified theoretical structure to deal with exchange, rights formation and organisation which traditional economic theory assumes away. A person's economic property rights over an asset are defined here as the person's ability to gain from the asset by direct consumption or by exchange. It is prohibitively costly to measure accurately all assets' attributes; therefore, rights to them are never fully delineated. Property is consequently in danger of appropriation by others. Individuals enhance their rights by such actions as the protection and better delineation of their assets. In this new edition, Professor Barzel introduces the central role of equity capital as a guarantor of the activities of the firm and elaborates on the distinction between economic rights and legal rights.
The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education [EPPE] project: a longitudinal study funded by the DfES: (1997 – 2003)

The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) project explores the impact of preschool centre provision on young children’s cognitive progress and their social/behavioural development. The EPPE study was commissioned and funded by the DfES. The research has tracked a large sample of over 2700 young children and analysed their cognitive attainment and progress and social behaviour at the end of Year 2 (age 7 years plus). Earlier reports have examined cognitive attainment and social/behavioural development over the pre-school period. This paper investigates attainment, progress and social/behavioural development from entry to reception classes (age rising 5 years) until the end of Year 1 in primary school, when children were age 6 years plus. Technical Paper 11 describes the results of similar analyses conducted at the end of Year 2.
AB0952 Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis without Clinically Evident Cardiovascular Disease: A Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic Study

Background Cardiac involvement is common in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which has not been previously evaluated by using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Objectives The objectives of this study were to evaluate the left ventricle (LV) systolic strain by STE in order to provide the subclinical myocardial dysfunction in patients with AS and to examine the relationship between LV systolic strain and disease activity indices. Methods A total of 26 patients with AS without clinically evident cardiovascular disease and 26 age-,sex-,and BMI-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Bath AS disease activity index, Bath AS fuctional index, Bath AS metrology index and Bath AS radiologic index were used as clinical indices. Conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, color tissue Doppler derived strain/strain rate echocardiographic imaging were performed by a single cardiologist using a 2.5–3.5 MHz transducer and Vingmed System 7 (Vivid 7 Pro; Horton, Norway). All data were transferred to a workstation for further offline analysis (EchoPAC 6.1; GE Vingmed Ultrasound AS). For left ventricle color tissue Doppler dynamic images were obtained from from LV apical 4-, 3- and 2-C (chamber) views. Results There were no significant differences in baseline demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors between the patients and the controls. There were no significant differences between patients and controls in terms of left ventricle diameters, ejection fraction, posterior wall thickness, interventriculer septum wall thickness, mitral deceleration time and systolic myocardial flow velocity (p>0.05). AS patients were observed to have statistically significantly lower left ventricule peak longitudinal and global strain/strain rate values in the 4C, 3C, and 2C views compared with the controls (p>0.05). In addition, we detected no correlation in left ventricule global strain values and AS clinical indices values (p>0.05). Conclusions Myocardial systolic function assessed by STE, which is a sensitive marker of ventricular dysfunction is impaired in AS. References Teske AJ, De Boeck BW, Melman PG, Sieswerda GT, Doevendans PA, Cramer MJ. Echocardiographic quantification of myocardial function using tissue deformation imaging, a guide to image acquisition and analysis using tissue Doppler and speckle tracking. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2007;5:27. Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M, et al: American Society of Echocardiography committee on standards, subcommittee on quantitation of two-dimensional echocardiograms: Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiography 1989;2:358–367. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1961
Performance evaluation of simultaneous dispersion and Raman amplification using microstructured optical fibers

The simultaneous use of microstructured optical fibers for dispersion compensation and Raman amplification is investigated. The impairments imposed due to the small mode area of the designed fiber are analyzed and compared to the standard dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs). The results suggest that microstructured fibers are promising candidates to the intended application.
Bilateral Cochlear Implants in Children

This article provides a brief overview of the advantages of two-ear hearing in children and discusses the limitations, from a psychophysical and a technical perspective, which may constrain the ability of cochlear implant users to gain these benefits. The latest outcomes for children using bilateral cochlear implants are discussed, which suggest that results are more favorable for children who receive both devices before the age of 3.5 to 4 years. The available studies that have investigated electrophysiological responses for children receiving bilateral implants are discussed. These also support the notion that optimum development of binaural auditory skills may be more difficult after the age of 3.5 to 4 years. Studies that investigate the alternative for some children of using a hearing aid on the opposite ear to the cochlear implant are briefly discussed. These indicate that advantages for speech perception in noise and localization can be obtained consistently for children with significant residual hearing in the nonimplanted ear. The article concludes with an attempt to bring the available scientific evidence into the practical clinical context with suggestions that may assist clinicians in making recommendations for families considering bilateral cochlear implantation. Although the evidence remains limited at this time, it is reasonable to suggest that bilateral cochlear implantation can provide improved auditory skills over a single implant for children with severe and profound bilateral hearing loss. The available data suggest that the benefit may be maximized by introducing both implants as early as possible, at least before 3.5 to 4 years of age.
Oral health knowledge and behavior of rural left-behind children in Henan province

Objective To investigate and analyze the oral health knowledge and behavior of rural left-behind children in Henan province,and to provide scientific evidence for oral health care.Methods Totally 2 880 children aged 12 years old,including 1 440 stranded children in the rural areas of Henan province and another 1 440 children as control were selected,using multistage stratified cluster random sampling.The questionnaire was designed according to the Guideline for the Third National Oral Health Survey.Results About 49.49% of rural left-behind children knew that bleeding is not normal while brushing,29.44% understood that bacteria was the cause of dental caries.Only 13.61% of rural left-behind children brushed their teeth twice everyday,4.31% of them rinse their mouth after meal,24.44% used fluoride tooth paste;Only 0.14% of rural left-behind children receiving a medical examination for precautions;these were significantly different from the control ones(P0.05). Conclusion Among left-behind children in rural areas of Henan Province,the oral health knowledge is poor,the oral health behavior and utilization of dental service are not optimistic.Attention should be paid to left-behind children' s oral heath education with the utilization of school for the oral health care in rural areas of Henan Province.
Acceptability of culinary preparations based on different ground beef grades

This work aims to evaluate the acceptability of culinary preparations formulated with different ground beef grades. Three standards of ground meat samples offered as special, first and second were purchased from local retail shops in Brazil and had its composition and collagen content determined. Culinary preparations were elaborated as meat sauce (braised); meatloaf (roasted) and hamburger patty (fried) evaluating influence of the ground meat kinds. Preparations had their composition assessed and sensory analysis by hedonic scale and preference by ranking test. Meat composition was influenced by commercial grade and retail source. There were higher protein concentration and moisture in special, prime and second ground meat, respectively. In an opposite way, lipid, collagen content and collagen ratio were higher at second, prime and special ground meat, respectively. The braised preparation had more acceptance when formulated with special or prime meat, whereas second grade led to greater acceptance in fried and roasted products. Expressions as “special” and “first” are used to assign quality to ground meats with greater protein and moisture, in addition to lower fat and collagen. The expression “second” is stated to meats distinguished from this standard. Acceptability of culinary preparations had independent quality grades designated by retail market and were mostly influenced by raw meat composition and particularities of the processes. Key words: Collagen, lipids, meat, minced meat, nutrition, quality, sensorial analysis.
Planning Wheelchair Service Provision in Motor Neurone Disease: Implications for Service Delivery and Commissioning

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify a timeline for mapping the different types of wheelchair used by people with motor neurone disease (MND) from diagnosis to death. It also reviewed the use of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) and the site of disease onset as predictors of wheelchair need and how this could influence commissioning and service delivery. Method: Retrospective data were collected from a clinical database to map when different types of wheelchair were provided to 62 people with MND from diagnosis to death. ALSFRS and site of disease onset were identified when each wheelchair was issued. Findings: The average number of months between diagnosis and the provision of different wheelchairs and death are mapped on a timeline. Higher ALSFRS scores indicate that wheelchairs that are less supportive are required and lower scores indicate that more supportive and complex wheelchairs are required. People with bulbar-onset disease need each type of wheelchair more rapidly than people with limb-onset disease. Conclusion: The timeline could be used by wheelchair services to map the likely intervention and resources required for their MND population. The use of ALSFRS scores and the site of onset of disease on referrals into wheelchair services can further help to predict the likely course of need.
Education and the American Indian: The Road to Self-Determination Since 1928

First published in 1974, Education and the American Indian has been widely praised as the first full-length study of federal Indian policy. This revised edition brings the book up to date through 1998 with the addition of analysis and interpretation of trends and policies that have shaped Indian education in the 1980s and 1990s and will persist into the twenty-first century. In looking ahead, one Yankton Sioux forecasts that within two generations we will see some of the most educated people in the world and they will be on reservations. How such an optimistic assessment might become a reality is one of the major themes of this revised edition.
Attitudes of Post-menopausal Women to Transvaginal Ultrasound

Objectives: To assess the attitudes of post-menopausal women having a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) examination. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey included 100 consecutive post-menopausal women undergoing TVUS for different indications. They were asked to complete two questionnaires, one before and one after the examination. The main outcomes were acceptability of TVUS, anxiety, embarrassment (before and during) and pain/discomfort (during) the examination. Results: The incidence of anxiety prior to TVUS was significantly higher than anxiety during and after (p<0·001). Good rapport, with reassurance from the staff may have reduced anxiety. Pre-examination anxiety (reported by 43% of women) was mostly due to the procedure and fear of results (77%). Post-examination anxiety was due mainly to anticipation of results. Women found TVUS less painful and less embarrassing than they had expected. The majority of women did not have a specific preference regarding the gender of the sonographer or the presence of a chaperone during the examination. All women attending for TVUS found the procedure acceptable and would 'recommend it to friends or family'. Conclusions: Post-menopausal women find TVUS acceptable. Before attending they are anxious about both the procedure and the result. Women can be reassured that TVUS is unlikely to be as painful or embarrassing as they fear. Anxiety about results persists after the examination.
The Effects of Media Coverage on Witness Testimony and Juror Perceptions

The present experiment examined some of the key psychological issues associated with electronic media coverage (EMC) of courtroom trials. Undergraduate student subjects served as either witnesses or jurors in one of three types of trials: EMC, in which a video camera was present; conventional media coverage (CMC), in which a journalist was present; or, a no-media control, in which no media representative or equipment was present. Students who served as witnesses first viewed a 5-min videotape of a reenacted armed robbery. Days later, these students testified as witnesses to the crime in front of a jury of peers. Measures assessed the following: witness and juror attitudes toward EMC, witness report and juror perceptions of nervousness and media distraction, juror perceptions of witness testimony, and witnesses' ability to accurately recall aspects of the crime event. Results showed that EMC witnesses and jurors had significantly more favorable attitudes toward EMC than participants in the other two conditions. And, although EMC witnesses and jurors both reported greater witness nervousness, distraction, and awareness than those in the CMC condition, the EMC experience did not impair witnesses' ability to accurately recall the details of the crime or witnesses' ability to communicate effectively. The psychological and legal policy implications of these findings are discussed. Two landmark legal cases set in motion a debate concerning the impact of cameras in the courtroom that spans six decades. In the 1935 kidnapping and murder trial of Bruno Hauptmann, the presiding judge banned the use of microphones and cameras because he feared that the jurors would be biased by the "carnival-like"
Housing Markets and Racial Discrimination: A Microeconomic Analysis

The recent housing literature contains important differences in opinion as to the reasons for and implications of racial segregation in U.S. cities. There is fairly general agreement that racial segregation ultimately results from racial prejudice. The disagreement lies in the question of whether prejudice alone produces segregation or whether prejudice leads to discrimination. The question is an important one since the two explanations have radically different implications for the distribution of the welfare cost of prejudice. If it is simply a matter of whites' aversion to living with blacks, then "voluntary" segregation will result in generally higher prices in white neighborhoods and lower housing prices to blacks (and unprejudiced whites) than in a market without prejudice. However, if whites seek to avoid the associated welfare losses via formal or informal restrictions on the housing choices of blacksthat is, practice discrimination-blacks may now incur welfare losses as a result of higher house prices and/or their inability to purchase or rent units which given prevailing prices they would so choose to buy. Thus, the central empirical questions are the extent to which blacks are observed to pay higher prices than whites for comparable housing and e recent housing literature contai s ortant dif erences in opinio as to reasons for and implications of racial regation in U.S cities. There is fairly eral agre ment hat raci l segr ation i ately results from raci l prejudice. e disagre ment lies in the question of ether prejudice alone produces s greion or whether prejudice leads to disi ination. The question is an import one since the two explanations have ical y dif erent implications for the tribution of the welfare cost of prejue. If it is simply a matter of whites' the extent to which observed demand behavior is consistent with the hypothesis that discrimination-independent of the possible price effects-alters blacks' housing choices.
Psychological Stress of Nurses in SARS wards

Objective:In order to understand the psychological impact brought by the outbreak of SARS Method:We did a survey with BDI (Beck depression scale), STAI (state and trait anxiety inventory) and SCL-90 in 101 nurses who were working in SARS hospitals, and 50 volunteers in community (normal control) Result:According to results of BDI, 53 of the 101 nurses had depressive symptoms, 17 of them were in moderate and severe depression, which was much higher than that of volunteers who had no depression at all Nurses had also significant higher score of SCL-90 than volunteers But the two groups had no difference in STAI results Conclusion:Nurses working in SARS wards are more depressed than community volunteers