Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time transfer through optical fibres over a distance of 73 km with an uncertainty below 100 ps

We demonstrate the capability of accurate time transfer using optical fibres over long distances utilizing a dark fibre and hardware which is usually employed in two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT). Our time transfer through optical fibre (TTTOF) system is a variant of the standard TWSTFT by employing an optical fibre in the transmission path instead of free-space transmission of signals between two ground stations through geostationary satellites. As we use a dark fibre there are practically no limitations to the bandwidth of the transmitted signals so that we can use the highest chip rate of the binary phase-shift modulation available from the commercial equipment. This leads to an enhanced precision compared with satellite time transfer where the occupied bandwidth is limited for cost reasons. The TTTOF system has been characterized and calibrated in a common-clock experiment at PTB, and the combined calibration uncertainty is estimated as 74 ps. In a second step the remote part of the system was operated at Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik (IQ) separated by 73 km from PTB in Braunschweig. In parallel, a GPS time transfer link between Braunschweig and Hannover was established, and both links connected a passive hydrogen maser at IQ with the reference time scale UTC(PTB) maintained in PTB. The results obtained with both links agree within the 1-σ uncertainty of the GPS link results, which is estimated as 0.72 ns. The fibre link exhibits a nearly ten-fold improved stability compared with the GPS link, and assessment of its performance has been limited by the properties of the passive maser.
MICROSHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF INDIRECT COMPOSITE RESIN AFTER DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENTS (IN-VITRO STUDY)

INTRODUCTION: An essential part in the successful clinical specifications of any indirect restoration is bond strength. Several surface treatments might be used to improve bond strength between resin cement and indirect composite restorations. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate microshear bond strength of two different types of indirect composite resin after different surface treatments before cementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: sixty cylindrical specimens were prepared from two types of indirect composite and divided into 2 groups (n=30). Group A: SR NEXCO (Ivoclar Vivadent AGS chaan, Liechtenstein) and Group B: Gradia Plus Indirect composite (GC, Tokyo, Japan). A polyethylene tube was used to prepare specimens with dimensions (2 mm length and 1 mm width). Composite specimens were precured for 20 seconds by Light Emitting Diode curing unit and the secondary curing was done inside a Photopol pro vacuum light cure box for Gradia Plus for 3 minutes and 11 minutes for SR NEXCO. After secondary curing each main group was subdivided into three subgroups according to their surface treatment: subgroup 1A (sandblasting by aluminum oxide particles followed by silane), subgroup 2A (sandblasting by aluminum oxide particles + Hydrofluric acid etching+silane) and subgroup 3A (sandblasting by aluminum oxide particles + MONOBOND Etch and prime) same surface treatments were used at subgroups 1B,2B&3B respectively. The treated composite specimens were cemented to a flat dentin surface of 10 molar teeth six samples on each tooth (three samples from each group) using G-CEM LINKACE TM (GC, Tokyo, Japan). All the specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles from 5 to 55C, and then microshear bond strength test was done in a Universal Testing Machine 0.5 mm/min (Instron model3345, England). The mode of failure determined under stereomicroscope. RESULTS: Statistical significant difference was noticed between subgroup 1A which was significantly higher than subgroup 2A (p=0.043) and subgroup 3A (p=0.013). Moreover, subgroup 1B recorded significantly higher microshear bond strength values than subgroup 2B (p1=0.002) and subgroup 3B (p2=0.044). Mixed failures were more prominent in subgroup 1A, 1B and 3B while adhesive failures were more prominent in other subgroups except for 2B half of the failures were adhesive and the other half mixed. CONCLUSION: Sandblasted subgroups with aluminum oxide particles followed by silane recorded the greatest microshear bond strength values regardless of the type of composite.
A search for the decay modes B+−→h+−τ+−l

We present a search for the lepton flavor violating decay modes B+/- to h+/- tau l (h= K,pi; l= e,mu) using the BaBar data sample, which corresponds to 472 million BBbar pairs. The search uses events where one B meson is fully reconstructed in one of several hadronic final states. Using the momenta of the reconstructed B, h, and l candidates, we are able to fully determine the tau four-momentum. The resulting tau candidate mass is our main discriminant against combinatorial background. We see no evidence for B+/- to h+/- tau l decays and set a 90% confidence level upper limit on each branching fraction at the level of a few times 10^-5.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Social multi-sensory alcohol cue reactivity and ad libitum social drinking: an fMRI study

Research demonstrates the eﬀects of social context on individual drinking, but the underlying neural processes remain unclear. For this purpose, we developed a social multi-sensory alcohol cue-reactivity (SMAC) fMRI task. Neural activity during visually presented oﬀers to drink beer or water while listening to audio fragments of social drinking contexts were compared in 38 social drinkers and associations with craving, drinking willingness, and ad libitum alcohol consumption in a social context were investigated. Procedures were repeated one week later assessing test-retest reliability. The SMAC increased craving in Sessions 1 and 2, with post-task craving predicting drinking willingness in Session 1. Post-task craving in Session 2 predicted the chance of ad libitum drinking. No other eﬀects were signiﬁcant. Alcohol-cue speciﬁc activity in a priori regions of interests (ROIs) did not correlate with alcohol use measures, however, lower ratings of willingness to accept soft drinks was associated with higher activity in response to alcohol cues in the insula (Session 1). Test-retest reliability of the task was poor. Whole-brain and ROI activity during beer and water conditions correlated consistently with multiple measures of alcohol use. One possible interpretation of these ﬁndings is that social context itself may act as a phasic alcohol-relevant cue regardless of whether a water or alcohol cue is displayed.
Explaining B->D\tau\nu, B->D*\tau\nu and B->\tau\nu in a 2HDM of type III

Recently, the BaBar collaboration reported first evidence for new physics in B->D\tau\nu and B->D*\tau\nu. Combining both processes the significance is 3.4\sigma. This result cannot be explained in a two Higgs doublet model of type II. Furthermore, the CKMfitter group finds a 2.9\sigma discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction for Br[B->\tau\nu] (using Vub from a global fit to the unitary triangle) and the measurements of the B factories. Altogether, these measurements are strong indications for physics beyond the SM in B meson decays to taus. We show that in a two Higgs doublet model of type III it is possible to simultaneously explain \bdtau and \bdstau using a single free parameter \epsilon^u_32. Also Br[B->\tau\nu] can be brought into agreement with experiment using \epsilon^u_31. Furthermore, for Higgs (A^0, H^0, H^+) masses around 500 GeV, as suggested by recent CMS results, all bounds from FCNC processes are satisfied and B->D\tau\nu, B->D*\tau\nu and B->\tau\nu can be explained without a significant degree of fine-tuning.
Two‐dimensional hybrid simulations of quasi‐perpendicular collisionless shock dynamics: Gyrating downstream ion distributions

Quasi‐perpendicular collisionless shocks undergo structural changes with the increase of the Mach number. These changes are related to the increasing role of the reflected ions, which have a highly nongyrotropic distribution. Eventually, it is expected that the shock front becomes nonstationary. At low and moderate Mach numbers, the fraction of reflected ions is small, yet recent observations show the existence of a well‐pronounced structure of the postshock magnetic field in the close vicinity of the transition layer. Large amplitude oscillations were earlier interpreted as waves generated by the shock front or passing through the shock in the downstream direction. Here we show, using two‐dimensional hybrid simulations of quasi‐perpendicular shocks, that the gyration of the directly transmitted ions downstream of the ramp produces the spatial pressure variations, which are accompanied with the observed magnetic oscillations due to the momentum conservation. In a wide range of the upstream ion temperatures, the low and moderate‐Mach‐number shocks remain stationary and one‐dimensional, so that the magnetic and electric field depend only on the coordinate along the shock normal. The downstream ion distributions gradually gyrotropize due to the collisionless mixing of gyrophases. Nonstationary effects in these shocks do not affect noticeably the ion dynamics. However, we find that with the increase of the Mach number, shocks form rippled fronts in the low‐β and moderate‐β regimes.
Mechanical Properties of Natural Cellulosic Yucca treculeana L. Fiber for Biocomposites Applications: Statistical Analysis

ABSTRACT Yucca treculeana L. (YT) is increasingly being considered by researchers worldwide as a replacement option for synthetic fibers such as glass fibers. The objective of this study is to determine the tensile quasi-static room temperature mechanical parameters of YT fibers with gauge lengths (GL) of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm. A comprehensive tensile test program was conducted on 120 fibers grouped in four series to determine the influence of their variability on the tensile strength, ultimate strain at break and elastic Young’s modulus of the YT fibers. The values of the tensile mechanical properties of YT fibers exhibit a large dispersion of results, which is a characteristic of natural fibers, therefore requiring statistical study. For the purpose of studying this dispersion, some statistical tools such as two- and three-parameter Weibull distribution at 95% CI confidence level and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used.
THE YOUNG, THE OLD, AND THE DUSTY: STELLAR POPULATIONS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS HOSTS

Studying the average properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) host stellar populations is an important step in understanding the role of AGNs in galaxy evolution and the processes that trigger and fuel AGN activity. Here we calculate model spectral energy distributions that include emission from the AGN, the host galaxy stellar population, and dust enshrouded star formation. Using the framework of cosmic X-ray background population synthesis modeling, the model AGN hosts are constrained using optical (B band) and near-infrared (J band, 3.6 μm, 5.7 μm, 8.0 μm, and 24 μm) luminosity functions and number counts. It is found that at z < 1, type 1 and type 2 AGN hosts have similar stellar populations, in agreement with the orientation-based unified model and indicative of secular evolution. At z > 1, type 2 AGN hosts are intrinsically different from type 1 AGN hosts, suggesting that the simple orientation-based unified model does not hold at z > 1. Also, it is found that if Compton thick (CT) AGNs evolve like less obscured type 2 AGNs, then, on average, CT AGN hosts are similar to type 2 AGN hosts; however, if CT obscuration is connected to an evolutionary stage of black hole growth, then CT AGN hosts will also be in specific evolutionary stages. Multi-wavelength selection criteria of CT AGNs are discussed.
Neutrino oscillations in the scheme of mass mixings and problem of smallness of angle mixing $\theta_{1 3}$

In the framework of the mass mixing scheme we have considered mixings and oscillations of $\nu_e, \nu_\mu, \nu_\tau$ neutrinos and obtained expressions for angle mixings and lengths of oscillations in dependence on components of the nondiagonal mass matrix. Then analysis of these obtained results was done by using modern experimental data on neutrino oscillations. It has been shown that in this approach the lengths of neutrino oscillations $L_{2 3}$ and $L_{1 3}$ are not compulsory to be equal. It means that the angle mixing $\theta_{1 3}$ can be not very small, i.e., $L_{1 3}$ can be larger than $L_{2 3}$. In the conventional approach $L_{1 3} \approx L_{2 3}$ ($L_{1 2} \gg L_{2 3}$) and angle mixing of $\theta_{1 3}$ is very small. Angle mixings $\theta_{2 3}, \theta_{1 2}$ are big. Then there ia a problem: why is mixing angle $\theta_{1 3}$ so small? A natural solution of the problem is to suppose that $(m_2^2 - m_1^2) \neq (m_3^2 - m_1^2) - (m_3^2 - m_2^2)$, then $L_{1 3} > L_{2 3}$. It will be realized if there are 4 neutrino oscillations instead of 3 neutrino oscillations. Then the value of $\theta_{1 3}$ is necessary to search at distances more than $L_{2 3}$.
Magnetic cycles and rotation periods of late-type stars from photometric time series

Aims. We investigate the photometric modulation induced by magnetic activity cycles and study the relationship between rotation period and activity cycle(s) in late-type (FGKM) stars. Methods. We analysed light curves, spanning up to nine years, of 125 nearby stars provided by the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS). The sample is mainly composed of low-activity, main-sequence late-A to mid-M-type stars. We performed a search for short (days) and long-term (years) periodic variations in the photometry. We modelled the light curves with combinations of sinusoids to measure the properties of these periodic signals. To provide a better statistical interpretation of our results, we complement our new results with results from previous similar works. Results. We have been able to measure long-term photometric cycles of 47 stars, out of which 39 have been derived with false alarm probabilities (FAP) of less than 0.1 per cent. Rotational modulation was also detected and rotational periods were measured in 36 stars. For 28 stars we have simultaneous measurements of activity cycles and rotational periods, 17 of which are M-type stars. We measured both photometric amplitudes and periods from sinusoidal fits. The measured cycle periods range from 2 to 14 yr with photometric amplitudes in the range of 5−20 mmag. We found that the distribution of cycle lengths for the different spectral types is similar, as the mean cycle is 9.5 yr for F-type stars, 6.7 yr for G-type stars, 8.5 yr for K-type stars, 6.0 yr for early M-type stars, and 7.1 yr for mid-M-type stars. On the other hand, the distribution of rotation periods is completely different, trending to longer periods for later type stars, from a mean rotation of 8.6 days for F-type stars to 85.4 days in mid-M-type stars. The amplitudes induced by magnetic cycles and rotation show a clear correlation. A trend of photometric amplitudes with rotation period is also outlined in the data. The amplitudes of the photometric variability induced by activity cycles of main-sequence GK stars are lower than those of early- and mid-M dwarfs for a given activity index. Using spectroscopic data, we also provide an update in the empirical relationship between the level of chromospheric activity as given by log 10 R ' HK and the rotation periods.
Variation in Body Weight and Biometric Traits of Exotic (Nicholas White) and Nigerian Locally Adapted Turkeys Reared in Humid Tropics

The performance of animal in a given environment differs between and within species, breeds and strains and genotypes, as a result of genetic variation. A total of 200 turkeys comprising 50 exotic (Nicholas white) and 50 each of Nigerian locally adapted turkeys (black, white and lavender) was used to investigate genetic variation in body weight and some biometric traits of exotic turkey and Nigerian locally adapted turkey at the Turkey Breeding unit of the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria. The growth performance of the experimental birds was recorded biweekly throughout the period of the experiment. Genotype had significant effect (p<0.05) on body weight in all the weeks with exotic turkey consistently having higher (p<0.05) body weight throughout the experiment. The black plumage colour turkey performed better in body weight than the other two plumage colours of Nigerian locally adapted turkeys but was not significant (p>0.05). Similarly, exotic turkey has the highest (p<0.05) body length, body height, wing length, wing span and thigh length in most of the weeks of the experiment. Among the Nigerian locally adapted turkeys, black plumage turkey performed better (p<0.05) in most of the measured biometric traits than white and lavender plumage colour turkeys. The exotic turkey with higher body weight and biometric traits can be used to upgrade Nigerian locally adapted turkeys to obtain tropically adapted broiler turkey breed and also selection preferential should be given local black turkey for genetic improvement.
A possible sequential star formation in the giant molecular cloud G174+2.5

We investigate the nature of 14 embedded clusters (ECs) related to a group of four H ii regions, Sh2-235, Sh2-233, Sh2-232 and Sh2-231, in the giant molecular cloud G174 + 2.5. Projected towards the Galactic anticentre, these objects are possible examples of the collect-and-collapse scenario. We derive astrophysical parameters (age, reddening, distance, core and cluster radii) for the ECs and investigate the relationship between these parameters. Parameters are derived with field-star-decontaminated 2MASS colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and stellar radial density profiles. The CMDs of these young clusters are characterized by a poorly populated main sequence and a significant number of pre-main-sequence stars, affected by differential reddening. The ECs are KKC 11, FSR 784, Sh2-235 East2, Sh2-235 Cluster, Sh2-233 SE Cluster, BDSB 73, Sh2-235B Cluster, BDSB 72, BDSB 71, Sh2-232 IR Cluster, PCS 2, and the newly found clusters CBB 1 and CBB 2. We were able to derive fundamental parameters for all ECs in the sample. Structural parameters are derived for FSR 784, Sh2-235 Cluster and Sh2-235 East2.
COMPUTER GUIDED INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE LARTERALIZATION AFTER REPOSITIONING OF THE BONE WINDOW VERSUS STICKY BONE AUGMENTATION (A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL)

INTRODUCTION: Atrophy of the posterior mandible present a challenge due to the existence of inferior alveolar nerve. Nerve lateralization is one of the options that allow placement of the implants without augmentation. Modifications to decrease the incidence of neurosensory disturbances has been attempted. OBJECTIVES: The primary outcome was to evaluate the recovery of the sensation following computer guided nerve lateralization with two modifications. In addition, implant success was secondarily evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized clinical trial conducted on a sample of twenty patients. Ten were treated via computer guided lateralization with repositioning the osteotomy window. The other ten via computer guided nerve lateralization with sticky bone augmentation around the implants and the nerve. Postoperative patient evaluation was performed with specific attention paid towards objective and subjective testing of the neurosensory disturbance following surgery as well as implant clinical and radiographic success. RESULTS: All patients in both groups reported neurosensory disturbance as revealed by subjective and objective testing which were all temporary with 100% recovery after 6 months regardless of whether the window was placed or grafting around the implant with sticky bone. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of implants revealed success in terms of implant stability, probing depth, bleeding on probing. CONCLUSION: Neurosensory recovery and Implant success is observed whether sticky bone is used around the implant or after repositioning the bone window. Blink reflex is a useful objective non-invasive modality. Professionals should be aware that the technique is very sensitive and requires gentle manipulation and good experience of the anatomy in order to avoid permanent damage to the nerve.
Microbicidal effects of magnetic field and irradiation on plant pathogenic Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Pectobacterium cartovorum

Abiotic controls such as Ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and magnetic fields (MF) have a microbicidal effect on the growth survival rate of plant pathogens. Date palm black rot disease is caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Thielaviopsis paradoxa (Th. Paradoxa ), while soft onion rot is caused by the phytopathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium cartovorum ( Pe. cartovorum ). The 100-280 nm peak UV wavelength was employed for (0, 5,10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes). The effect of UV wavelength was used on the above fungi and bacteria on solid nutrient agar (NA) medium and measured the growth number colony forming unit (CFU)/ml) on the Petri dish. The MF Single field strength of 10 gausses was used on a liquid nutrient broth (NB) medium and measured the growth by the optical density (O.D) and CFU for 30 minutes at 28 °C. The results of reduction show best effect for MF at 5 cm was 99%, with a growth rate of 1.1 x 10 2 compared with Pe. cartovourum . The O.D results of Pe.cartovorum at UV ray was 0.09 and colony forming unit 1.5 × 10 7 CFU/ml). At the end of the exposure time of optical density, the (O.D) and CFU were 1.2 and 1.1x10 2 CFU/ml, respectively. When a direct magnetic field is used to induce the fungus colony, it uses a method that is very different from colony formation in a petri dishes. The abiotic elements in this study have an impact on plant pathogen control and are seen as alternatives with an effect on the environment and economy.