Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the growth and photosynthesis of cherry tomato seedlings by different light irradiations of light emitting diodes (LED)

The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cherry tomato seedlings were investigated under seven light irradiations such as dysprosium lamps (white light; control, C), red light emitting diodes (LEDs) (R), blue LEDs (B), orange LEDs (O), green LEDs (G), red and blue LEDs (RB) and red, blue and green LEDs (RBG) with the same photosynthetic photon flux density (about 320 μmol m-2 s-1) for 30 days. Morphological appearances of seedlings were significantly different between light treatments, that is, the plants under RB and RBG were shorter and stronger than those under C, while those under O, G and R were higher and weaker. The higher carbohydrate contents were in plants containing blue treatment, B, RB and RBG. Photosynthetic pigments were shown to have significant difference under respective light irradiations of LEDs. The higher photosynthetic pigments were in leaves of seedlings containing blue light treatment, RBG, RB, B, C and G treatments, the lower the pigments were in those with R and O treatments. Net photosynthesis (Pn) was the highest in leaves of seedlings with RB and RBG and the lowest in those with G. Compared with C treatment, light compensation point and light saturation point of seedlings with R, RB and RBG increased, but those with O and G decreased. Electron transport rate (ETR), quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP) and efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centres (Fv′/Fm′) in seedlings with B, RB and RBG treatments were significantly greater than those of the other treatments. Taken together, RB and RBG of LEDs were shown to be beneficial factors for the growth and photosynthesis in cherry tomato seedlings. Key words : Light-emitting diode (LED), light quality, cherry tomato, growth, photosynthetic characteristics.
Temperature persistent bistability and threshold switching in a single barrier heterostructure hot‐electron diode

Bistable current–voltage characteristics caused by competition of tunneling through and field‐enhanced thermionic emission across a single barrier are investigated in an n−‐GaAs/Al0.34Ga0. 66As/n+‐GaAs structure. The S‐shaped part of the characteristic persists in the whole temperature regime between 4.2 and 300 K in accordance with theoretical predictions. The delay and switching times of the transition from the low‐ to the high‐conducting state are investigated as a function of the applied voltage and compared with simulations. The observed timescales are much longer than expected from theory, which indicates the presence of additional deep centers or interface states.
Crystallization in Polymorphic Systems: The Solution-Mediated Transformation of β to α Glycine

The crystallization and subsequent polymorphic transformation from the β to the α form of glycine has been studied using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The crystal structure and morphology of β glycine have been determined, and the influence of solvent, solubility, and process scale on its solvent-mediated transformation to the α form was quantified. It is concluded that for the low solubility environments used in this study, the rate-determining step in the transformation process is the dissolution rate of the metastable β polymorph.
Variation of internal stresses in sputtered Ta films

It has been found that the stress of a sputtered Ta film gradually changes toward compression in a normal atmosphere. It was found that the cause of this Ta film stress change is quick oxygen diffusion along grain boundaries. The amount of this stress change was measured to be about ∼3×107 N/m2 when the Ta film was sputtered with Ar gas below 3.5 Pa. The stress change occurred neither in a vacuum nor in a nitrogen atmosphere, but only in an oxygen atmosphere. Once the Ta films had been annealed for 60 min at 100 °C in an oxygen atmosphere, no further stress change was observed.
Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.) Cv. Taiwan red lady

An experiment trail in field was carried out on research entitled ‘’Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality in papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Taiwan Red Lady’’ which was being held at V.P.O. Maheru, Tehsil Phagwara, District Kapurthala, Punjab under the Department of Horticulture, Lovely Professional University during the year 2019-20. Experimental trail was conducted by using various plant growth regulators NAA, GA3, IAA at different concentrations in randomized block designed. The results showed that significantly higher growth parameters like plant height (137.75 cm), plant girth (21.75 cm), no. of leaves per plant (21) and chlorophyll index (56.43), yield (14.92 kg) and fruit parameters like fruit weight (0.76 kg), fruit length (13.92 cm) and diameter (9.95 cm) with application of GA3 100 ppm. NAA 150 ppm improved quality parameters such as TSS (14.22), acidity (0.16%), ascorbic acid (70.22) and sugar content in fruit increased significantly.
THE HYSTERESIS IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND SUCTION

The hysteretic relationship between hydraulic conductivity and suction is examined in the light of the domain concept. It is argued that the distribution function G of the conductivity elements is strongly dependent on the suction r8d at which the trend of suction reverses from increasing to decreasing irrespective of whether the relationship between pore water and suction conforms to the independent domain concept or not; it also depends strongly on the suction r8w at which the trend of suction reverses from decreasing to increasing when the moisture characteristic shows dependent pore water properties. Thus the hysteretic curves describing the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and suction for a porous body with a moisture characteristic showing dependent properties cannot provide at present true values for the G function; in the case of a porous body with a moisture characteristic conforming to the independent domain concept they may still provide reliable values for the G function for a particular value of the reversal suction r8d since there is not a strong dependence of G on the reversal suction r8w. Experimental relationships between hydraulic conductivity and suction for three porous bodies confirm the above conclusions and show the effect of the dependence of the function G on the reversal suctions r8d and r8w.
How to repel hot water from a superhydrophobic surface

Superhydrophobic surfaces, with water contact angles greater than 150° and slide angles less than 10°, have attracted a great deal of attention due to their self-cleaning ability and excellent water-repellency. It is commonly accepted that a superhydrophobic surface loses its superhydrophobicity in contact with water hotter than 50 °C. Such a phenomenon was recently demonstrated by Liu et al. [J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5602], using both natural lotus leaf and artificial leaf-like surfaces. However, our work has shown that superhydrophobic surfaces maintained their superhydrophobicity, even in water at 80 °C, provided that the leaf temperature is greater than that of the water droplet. In this paper, we report on the wettability of water droplets on superhydrophobic thin films, as a function of both their temperatures. The results have shown that both the water contact and slide angles on the surfaces will remain unchanged when the temperature of the water droplet is greater than that of the surface. The water contact angle, or the slide angle, will decrease or increase, however, with droplet temperatures increasingly greater than that of the surfaces. We propose that, in such cases, the loss of superhydrophobicity of the surfaces is caused by evaporation of the hot water molecules and their condensation on the cooler surface.
Methane transformation to carbon and hydrogen on Pd(100): Pathways and energetics from density functional theory calculations

Density functional theory with gradient corrections has been employed to study the reaction pathways and the reaction energetics for the transformations of CH4 to C and H on a Pd(100) surface. On examination of transition state structures identified in each elementary reaction, a clear relationship between the valencies of the CHx fragments and the locations of the transition states emerges. The higher the valency of the CHx fragment, the higher the coordination number of the CHx with the surface atoms. The calculated reaction energetics are in good agreement with the experiments. In addition, calculation results are also used to illustrate an interesting issue concerning the CH3 stability on Pd surfaces.
Effects of substrate mineralogy on the biodegradability of fuel components

Experiments were carried out to determine the effects of mineralogy on the biodegradability of components of a whole fuel by a soil microbial consortium. Samples of quartz sand (Fischer Sea Sand) and illite clay (API 35) were spiked with marine diesel fuel, aged, slurried, and inoculated, and concentrations of fuel components were monitored over time. To help distinguish biotic from abiotic processes, identical samples were poisoned with mercuric chloride and were run in parallel. While there was chromatographic and biomarker evidence of n-alkane biodegradation in the sand samples, illite samples showed no evidence of biogenic loss of aliphatic components. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, on the other hand, were lost equivalently on both minerals and in both cases were lost to a much greater extent than were total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). These results suggest that under our experimental conditions, illite inhibited the bioavailability of some TPH components to the soil microbial consortium.
Primary product channels in the photodissociation of methane at 121.6 nm

The technique of H(D) atom photofragment translational spectroscopy has been applied to the photodissociation of CH4(CD4) at 121.6 nm. Contrary to the previous consensus view, we find simple C–H bond fission to be the dominant primary process following excitation at this wavelength. The resulting CH3 fragments are formed with very high levels of internal excitation: Some (∼25%) possess so much internal energy that they must undergo subsequent unimolecular decay. The present experiments do not provide a unique determination of the products of this secondary decay process, but statistical arguments presented herein suggest that they will be predominantly CH and H2 fragments. Similar considerations point to a significant role for the direct three body process yielding the same products H+H2+CH. This overall pattern of energy disposal can be rationalized by assuming that most of the initially prepared CH4(A 1T2) molecules undergo rapid internal conversion (promoted by the Jahn–Teller distortion of this excit.
Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Reactions of Alcohols, Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids, and Water with the C13 Stabilized Criegee Intermediate Formed from Ozonolysis of 1-Tetradecene

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the major aerosol products formed in gas-phase ozonolysis of 1-tetradecene in the presence of excess alcohols, carboxylic acids, water vapor, and aldehydes are α-alkoxytridecyl, α-acyloxytridecyl, α-hydroxytridecyl hydroperoxides, and secondary ozonides. These low volatility compounds are formed from reactions of C13 stabilized Criegee intermediates with the acidic compounds and aldehydes. To obtain a more quantitative understanding of the chemical mechanism and determine the importance of such reactions in the atmosphere, relative rate constant measurements were made using real-time quantitative thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometry (TDPBMS) for aerosol analysis. The rates of reaction of methanol, 2-propanol, formic acid, water, and formaldehyde with C13 stabilized Criegee intermediates were measured relative to heptanoic acid. The results show that the reactivity of the studied compounds varies over 4 orders of magnitude and increases in th.
Diet-Based Interventions Against Cancer: Potential Adjuvants to Standard Cancer Therapy

Different diet-based approaches have been studied as potential adjuvants to standard cancer therapies in human clinical trials. However, these diets have been shown to have complications such as non-compliance and adverse side effects. This paper investigates four different types of diet-based approaches used in human clinical trials and compares their complications. The four diet-based approaches evaluated in this paper are ketogenic diet (KD), protein restriction, fasting and fasting mimicking diets (FMD), and combined interventions. Research shows that KDs have large reports of non-compliance from subjects, with subjects also experiencing significant weight loss, constipation, and fatigue. Protein restriction diets have greater levels of adherence from subjects but may lead to harmful hematological toxicities. Fasting and FMD showed greater adherence than subjects on KDs, and lower toxicities than subjects on protein restriction diets, but had a greater number of complaints of headaches, hunger, and dizziness. Finally, combined interventions have the fewest reports of side effects and non-compliance but suffer from a limited number of case studies. Given these results, diet-based interventions require further research to minimize side effects and non-compliance before becoming an accepted adjuvant to standard cancer therapy.
Specific interactions of organic substances in size-exclusion chromatography

Size-exclusion experiments of alcohols, mono- and dicarboxylic acids, aromatic acids, and amino acids were conducted. Two columns with different gel packings (TSK HW 50 S and TSK G2000SW) were used to determine the influence of the gel core structure on the elution volume of organic substances. Neither for the polymer based gel nor for the silica based gel specific interactions, especially hydrophobic interactions, could be neglected. For both alcohols and monocarboxylic acids the elution volume increased with an increasing number of carbon atoms. It was found that aromatic compounds interacted strongly with both gels. Whereas alcohols were not affected by differences in ionic strength between sample and eluent, the elution volume of carboxylic acids was strongly influenced. In combination with a multidetector system (UV absorption, fluorescence, dissolved organic carbon, electrical conductivity) changes in the chromatographic behavior of these compounds due to differences in ionic strength between sample.
Synthesis and Properties of Conjugated Poly(1,8-carbazole)s

During our search of novel conjugated carbazole polymers, we succeeded in the efficient synthesis of conjugated poly(1,8-carbazole) derivatives. The synthetic route to the 1,8-difunctionalized carbazole monomers and the polymerization methods under the Yamamoto, Sonogashira, and Hay conditions were established. The obtained poly(1,8-carbazole)s were comprehensively characterized by GPC, MALDI-TOF MS, 1H NMR, and IR spectroscopies, and it was found that the alkyne spacer is an important factor in obtaining the high molecular weight polymers. Thermal analysis revealed that the alkyne-linked poly(1,8-carbazole)s possess a higher thermal stability than the directly linked poly(1,8-carbazole). The energy diagrams of a series of polycarbazoles were carefully estimated from the electrochemical and optical measurements. The alkyne-linked carbazole polymers were potent blue-light-emitting polymers due to their narrow band gaps. Furthermore, the remarkable decreased aggregation behavior of the butadiynylene-linked .
INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING AND PASTEURIZATION ON COLOR VALUES AND TOTAL PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF POMEGRANATE JUICE

In this study, the influences of processing and pasteurization on color values and total phenolic compounds of pomegranate juices were investigated. Pomegranate juices were produced by different clarification techniques (conventional fining, conventional fining together with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone [PVPP], ultrafiltration). Nonclarified juice was also produced as control. Clarification methods, heat treatments and methods and heat treatments together significantly (P < 0.05) affected the color values of pomegranate juices. Moreover, conventional fining together with PVPP treatment was found to be the most effective method to remove phenolic compounds.
Sources of Variation in Oat Kernel Size

ABSTRACT Oat kernel size uniformity is important to the oat milling industry because of the size fractionations that occur in the milling process. We measured frequency of single, double, and triple kernel spikelets and kernel mass of primary, secondary, and tertiary kernels from each spikelet type (for a total of six kernel types) to determine relative influence of kernel type, panicle position, genotype, and environment on oat kernel size for 10 oat cultivars grown at four locations. Kernel type was the most important factor affecting kernel size. Primary kernels from triple kernel spikelets were larger than primary kernels from double kernel spikelets. Tertiary kernels were the smallest. Environments that produced larger kernels also produced higher frequencies of triple kernel spikelets. Some genotypes produced no triple kernel spikelets in any environment, whereas others produced varying proportions, depending on the environment. Kernels closer to the top of the panicle were larger than those near th.
The Impact of Operations Tempo (OPTEMPO) on Intentions to Depart the Military. Does the Increase of OPTEMPO Cause Action

Recent information in the field of Operations Tempo (OPTEMPO) has resulted in conflicting information on its effect on turnover intentions of U.S. military members since the events of September 11, 2001. This study evaluated turnover intentions of U.S. Air Force members (n=2,171) to evaluate whether OPTEMPO had a curvilinear effect on turnover intentions when job satisfaction and organizational commitment were considered as moderating variables and rank and gender were control variables. Secondary data from the August 2004 Status of Forces Survey were used for analysis. Results indicated that a curvilinear relationship between OPTEMPO and turnover was insignificant; thus indicating OPTEMPO is not having the impact of concern to senior leaders. Further, the U.S. Air Force may be better served by focusing on job satisfaction and organizational commitment as a means to increase personnel retention.
Ab-initio Electronic and Structural Properties of Rutile Titanium Dioxide

Ab-initio, self-consistent electronic energy bands of rutile TiO2 are reported within the local density functional approximation (LDA). Our first principle, non-relativistic and ground state calculations employed a local density functional approximation (LDA) potential and the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO). Within the framework of the Bagayoko–Zhao–Williams (BZW) method, we solved self-consistently both the Kohn–Sham equation and the equation giving the ground state charge density in terms of the wave functions of the occupied states. Our calculated band structure shows that there is significant O 2p–Ti 3d hybridization in the valence bands. These bands are well separated from the conduction bands by an indirect band gap of 2.95 eV, from Γ to R. Consequently, this work predicts that rutile TiO2 is an indirect band gap material, as all other gaps from our calculations are larger than 2.95 eV. We found a slightly larger, direct band gap of 3.05 eV, at the Γ point, in excellent agreement with experiment. Our calculations reproduced the peaks in the measured conduction and valence bands densities of states, within experimental uncertainties. We also calculated electron effective mass. Our structural optimization led to lattice parameters of 4.65 and 2.97 Å for a0 and c0, respectively with a u parameter of 0.3051 and a bulk modulus of 215 GPa.
CONJUGATE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL CONVECTIVE DRYING OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

ABSTRACT This paper presents a numerical analysis of heat and mass transport during natural convective drying of an extruded com meal plate. The conjugate problem of drying and natural convection boundary layer Is modeled. The finite volume technique was used to discretize and solve the highly nonlinear system of coupled differential equations governing the transport inside the plate. The boundary layer solution was obtained by means of a finite difference software package that utilizes Runge-Kutta's 5th order method to solve the inherent transport equations. A methodology for evaluating the heat and mass transfer coefficients during the numerical simulation was developed and successfully implemented. The results showed that there is no analogy between heat and mass transfer coefficients for this type of problem.
Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in soils around oil installations, Assam

Abstract The chemical fractionation of lead, cobalt, chromium, nickel, zinc, cadmium and copper in soils around Lakwa oil field, Assam, India was studied using a sequential extraction method. It is evident from the study that the residual fraction is the most important phase for the seven heavy metals under study. Among non-residual fractions metals are mostly associated with the Fe–Mn oxides fraction. The association of heavy metals with organic matter was observed in the following order: copper> cadmium> zinc> lead. The concentration of Pb in the carbonate fraction for both the seasons is higher compared with other metals, which may pose environmental problems due to its highly toxic nature. The comparatively low concentration of metals in the exchangeable fraction indicates low bioavailability. Correlations between physicochemical parameters and metal fractions of soil do not show consistent behaviour. The local mean values of metals when compared with the accepted values of normal abundance and geochemical background, indicates two to four fold increases in this area. However, the values are within the range of normal abundance. As well as from natural soil geochemical behaviour, anthropogenic influence might have a close bearing on the association of metals with the soil system in the studied area.
Solution infiltration of palladium into MOF-5: synthesis, physisorption and catalytic properties

Palladium was infiltrated into the highly porous metal–organic framework MOF-5 {[Zn4O(bdc)3], bdc = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate} using [Pd(acac)2] (acac = acetylacetonate) as the precursor in chloroform solution via ‘incipient wetness’ impregnation. The specific surface area decreases from 2885 m2 g−1 to 958 m2 g−1 after infiltration. After reduction in hydrogen or under vacuum, the hydrogen adsorption capacity is increased from 1.15 wt% to 1.86 wt% at 1 atm and 77 K. The palladium loaded MOF-5 has a high catalytic activity in styrene hydrogenation comparable to that of palladium on activated carbon, but cis-cyclooctene hydrogenation is considerably slower. Even at room temperature, the catalyst is not stable in air due to the low hydrothermal stability of the MOF-5 support.