Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Animals and Food of Animal Origin as a Potential Source of Salmonellosis: A Review of the Epidemiology, Laboratory Diagnosis, Economic Impact and Public Health Significance

Salmonellosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals caused frequently by two species of Salmonella (Salmonella enterica, and Salmonella bongori). Although primarily an intestinal bacterium, Salmonellae are widespread in the environment and are commonly found in farm effluents, human sewage and in any material that is subjected to fecal contamination. Salmonella cause diarrheal and systemic infections in humans. The infection most commonly results due to the consumption of food originating from animals and the environment. Studies have attributed that the subclinical infection in farm animals may lead to the contamination of meat, eggs, and milk or cause secondary contamination of fruits and vegetables that have been fertilized or irrigated with water containing fecal wastes. Salmonellosis causes significant economic loss in the management of farm animals. This can be attributed to the cost associated with the diagnosis and to treat the disease, the cost of cleaning and disinfection, and the cost of control and prevention. Moreover, emerging antimicrobial resistance can increase morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with disease management. Salmonellosis has both the social and economic consequences that require strong scientific and public health efforts to improve the situation. Because of the financial constraints, serological tests are conducted on a statistically representative sample of the population where the results are not always indicative of active infection in the herd. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are available for some serovars of Salmonella and may be used for serological diagnosis and surveillance, especially in poultry and pigs. Vaccination, herd immunity, and antigenic cross-reactivity may compromise the diagnostic value of serological tests. Many inactivated vaccines are used against salmonellosis and some live vaccines are available commercially. Owing to the low efficacy of inactivated vaccines, oil or aluminum hydroxide adjuvants are used to improve their immunogenic properties. There is no vaccine to prevent salmonellosis in adults, whereas, a vaccine against Salmonella typhi has been developed, which is in use especially in children, but is only 60% effective. Prevention strategies include maintenance of sanitary/hygienic conditions in food processing plants, avoidance of cross-contamination of food, proper refrigeration of food, the supply of Salmonella free feed to animals, a strict inspection of meat originating from animals, detection and exclusion of carriers from food handling, and personal hygiene. Awareness should be created among the public about the risks associated with the consumption of raw meat, unpasteurized milk, smoked fish, un-cleaned vegetables, and contaminated water. This review attempts to highlight the role of farm animals in the transmission of salmonellosis, its epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, economic impact, and public health significance.
Conservation Genetics of the White-Tailed Eagle

Aim Late Pleistocene glacial changes had a major impact on many boreal and temperate taxa, and this impact can still be detected in the present-day phylogeographic structure of these taxa. However, only minor effects are expected in species with generalist habitat requirements and high dispersal capability. One such species is the white-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla, and we therefore tested for the expected weak population structure at a continental level in this species. This also allowed us to describe phylogeographic patterns, and to deduce Ice Age refugia and patterns of postglacial recolonization of Eurasia. Location Breeding populations from the easternmost Nearctic (Greenland) and across the Palaearctic (Iceland, continental Europe, central and eastern Asia, and Japan). Methods Sequencing of a 500 base-pair fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region in 237 samples from throughout the distribution range. Results Our analysis revealed pronounced phylogeographic structure. Overall, low genetic variability was observed across the entire range. Haplotypes clustered in two distinct haplogroups with a predominantly eastern or western distribution, and extensive overlap in Europe. These two major lineages diverged during the late Pleistocene. The eastern haplogroup showed a pattern of rapid population expansion and colonization of Eurasia around the end of the Pleistocene. The western haplogroup had lower diversity and was absent from the populations in eastern Asia. These results suggest survival during the last glaciation in two refugia, probably located in central and western Eurasia, followed by postglacial population expansion and admixture. Relatively high genetic diversity was observed in northern regions that were ice-covered during the last glacial maximum. This, and phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes encountered in the north, indicates substantial population expansion at high latitudes. Areas of glacial meltwater runoff and proglacial lakes could have provided suitable habitats for such population growth. Main conclusions This study shows that glacial climate fluctuations had a substantial impact on white-tailed eagles, both in terms of distribution and demography. These results suggest that even species with large dispersal capabilities and relatively broad habitat requirements were strongly affected by the Pleistocene climatic shifts.
Molecular characterization of six Longidorus species from Switzerland with the description of Longidorus helveticus sp. n. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida)

Six species of Longidorus were found during a survey of longidorid nematodes carried out during 1996-2000 in fruit orchards in Switzerland. They are L. eZongatus (De Man) Thorne et Swanger; L. macrosoma Hooper; L. profundorum Hooper; L. raskii Lamberti et Agostinelli; L. artbensis Brown, Grunder, Hooper, Klingler et Kunz and L. beZueticus sp.n. L. belueticus is a bisexual species characterized by body length of ca. 8 mm, odontostyle of ca. 135 pm, hemi-elliptical lip region, continuous with the rest of the body, amphidial pouches not lobed, equally developed female genital branches and bluntly rounded tail. The first juvenile stage has a digitate tail. L. beZueticus resembles L. macrosoma, L. poessneckensis Altherr, L. pice nus Roca, Lamberti et Agostinelli and L. neuesi Macara. The six species are characterized by superoxide dismutase and esterase isozymes and by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of amplified ITS.
Serum and Urine Levels of Sarcosine in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer Patients

BackgroundCurrently, no potent tools are available to differentiate diagnose between patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients (NDPCa) based on increased serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the value may increase in both conditions. Therefore, finding new biomarkers is considered to be a major issue in this regard.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to differentiate BPH and NDPCa patients and evaluate serum and urine sarcosine levels as reliable markers.MethodsThis study was conducted on 67 patients with NDPCa and BPH and healthy controls. PSA evaluation was performed on all the patients, and the serum and urine levels of sarcosine were measured using the ELISA assay. In addition, the serum and urine sarcosine levels were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe mean serum and urine sarcosine levels in the healthy controls were 3.0 ± 2.0 and 6.0 ± 2.0 ng/mL, respectively, while they were 9.0 ± 1.0 and 8.0 ± 1.0 ng/mL in the patients with BPH, respectively. The serum and urine sarcosine levels in the patients with NDPCa were 21.02 ± 2.0 and 15.0 ± 2.0 ng/mL, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the serum and urine sarcosine between the patients with BPH and NDPCa (P < 0.001). In addition, the serum sarcosine content increased in the patients with NDPCa and BPH compared to the healthy controls. The serum and urine levels of sarcosine had the following order: healthy controls < patients with BPH<patients with NDPCa.ConclusionsAccording to the results, the serum and urine sarcosine contents might provide beneficial evidence for PCA diagnosis, while differentiating the patients with BPH and NDPCa. Furthermore, sarcosine levels may be valuable markers for PCA with clinical significance compared to PSA
THE EFFECT OF THE COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED ACTIVITIES ON STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION

The collaborative technology-enhanced activities developed for Algorithm Calculation course in Medical engineering subject-discipline and Computer Workshop courses in two Computer and IT engineering subject-disciplines in two consecutive semesters. Mixed-method research design was used in this study . Content of each course was used in order to develop the activities. Motivational Strategies for Leaning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was utilized for collecting quantitative data while qualitative data was collected using interview protocol for further investigation. The analyses showed that the “intrinsic value” was the category with the higher mean score for all students with three different subject-disciplines which is followed by cognitive strategy use. Moreover, the results showed that the students’ level of anxiety decreased after using the activities. Analysis of interview data showed that the students emphasized on the role of activities in terms of increasing their “collaboration” with their peers and instructor. Moreover, they perceived that the activities make the course more interesting for them. They also explained that using computerized devices especially mobile ones facilitated their communication and material-sharing.
New Distribution Records and Biogeography of Calligrapha Species (Leaf Beetles), in North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)

The study of a large number of collection specimens from the US National Museum of Natural History belonging to the genus Calligrapha Chevrolat (Chrysomelidae) from the Nearctic region has provided with one new province record and one new species record for Canada and 63 new US State records for a total of 20 taxa. These new records usually correspond to adjacent areas to already identified ranges of distribution, expanding considerably the known geographical boundaries of the species studied. The zoogeography of the genus Calligrapha in North America is discussed based on the updated information on the distribution of the genus.
Life Cycle Analysis of a Geothermal Power Plant: Comparison of the Environmental Performance with Other Renewable Energy Systems

A life cycle analysis was performed for the assessment of the environmental performances of three existing Italian power plants of comparable nominal power operating with different sources of renewable energy: Geothermal, solar, and wind. Primary data were used for building the life cycle inventories. The results are characterized by employing a wide portfolio of environmental indicators employing the ReCiPe 2016 and the ILCD 2011 Midpoint+ methods; normalization and weighting are also applied using the ReCiPe 2016 method at the endpoint level. The midpoint results demonstrate a good eco-profile of the geothermal power plant compared to other renewable energy systems and a definite step forward over the performance of the national energy mix. The Eco-Point single score calculation showed that wind energy is the best technology with a value of 0.0012 Eco-points/kWh, a result in line with previously documented life cycle analysis studies. Nevertheless, the geothermal power plant achieved a value of 0.0177 Eco-points/kWh which is close to that calculated for the photovoltaic plant (0.0087 Eco-points/kWh) and much lower than the national energy mix one (0.1240 Eco-points/kWh). Also, a scenario analysis allowed for a critical discussion about potential improvements to the environmental performance of the geothermal power plant.
The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention. A Quasi-Experimental Research Design

There is a dearth of studies focusing on the relationship between entrepreneurship education (EE) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) in post-communist transition countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of EE on EI in the context of a Balkan country. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed in a quasi-experimental research design with a preand post-program setting. To ensure the comparability between two groups of individuals (those with formal EE and those with no formal EE), a propensity score matching (PSM) along with coarsened exact matching (CEM) methods were applied in an original dataset of 528 adults. The use of this triangulation method was intended to attain more robust results. Our research establishes the impact of EE upon EI, a finding which is consistent with previous studies conducted in developed countries. Thus, individuals with formal EE reflected a higher intention to start a business. These findings offer insights for government officials and leaders of higher education institutions responsible for developing curricula and policies aimed at motivating university graduates toward entrepreneurship upon graduation and or completion of an EE course of study.
Leadership learning, power and practice in Laos: A leadership-as-practice perspective

This article contributes to the growing body of literature developed within the leadership-as-practice perspective, focusing on issues of learning and power. It draws on a co-constructed (auto)ethnographic account of an individual’s longitudinal experience of leadership in the context of an international development project in Laos. This person’s circumstances as a non-Lao-speaking foreigner provided him with a unique opportunity to learn about and participate in the embodied, sociomaterial unfolding of leadership practice in an unfamiliar setting. The analysis examines (1) what ‘leadership learning’ involves when viewed through an ‘entative soft’ leadership-as-practice lens and (2) how individual attempts at exercising power and influence can be understood and represented in leadership-as-practice terms. The study highlights that participants are not given equal scope to exercise power within the emerging, hybrid agency orienting the flow of leadership, and that one task of leadership learning at an individual level is to develop reflexive knowledge about one’s own and others’ contribution to the unfolding of leadership process. Such knowledge draws increased attention to the responsibilities commensurate with attempts to exercise influence within leadership practice.
MACRO -MINERALS STATUS OF BUFFALOES IN RICE ZONE OF PUNJAB PROVINCE

A study was conducted to assess the macro -minerals status of buffalo on the basis of blood plasma, feedstuffs, soil and water analysis in Districts Hafizabad and Sheikhupura rice zone of Pu njab province.Calcium (Ca), phosphorus(P), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) status atdifferent physiological stages (early lactation, mid -lactation, late lactation and dry) of buffaloes were determined. Lactating buffaloes were found significantly deficient in plasma Ca as compared to dry buffalo es. Plasma Ca,K and Nalevels were significantly affected by physiological stages (P<0.05). Plasma Na and K levels were alsoaffected by season (P<0.05). Lower plasma Na and sufficient K values were found in all physiological stages of b uffalo. Sodium level sin water, soil and feedstuffs were lower than required . Higher level of K was found in roughages, soil and water. Higher level s of magnesium werefound in soil. From these blood analysis . It wasconcluded that macro -mineral levels wer e significantly different (P<0.05) in blood plasma of different physiological stages of buffalo in these areas of Punjab and that animals need edminerals supplementation for health and economic benefits.
Restoration of wild-type motility to flagellin-knockout Escherichia coli by varying promoter, copy number and induction strength in plasmid-based expression of flagellin

Flagellin is the major constituent of the flagellar filament and faithful restoration of wild-type motility to flagellin mutants may be beneficial for studies of flagellar biology and biotechnological exploitation of the flagellar system. Therefore, we explored the restoration of motility by flagellin expressed from a variety of combinations of promoter, plasmid copy number and induction strength. Motility was only partially restored using the tightly regulated rhamnose promoter, but wild-type motility was achieved with the T5 promoter, which, although leaky, allowed titration of induction strength. Motility was little affected by plasmid copy number when dependent on inducible promoters. However, plasmid copy number was important when expression was controlled by the native E. coli flagellin promoter. Motility was poorly correlated with flagellin transcription levels, but strongly correlated with the amount of flagellin associated with the flagellar filament, suggesting that excess monomers are either not exported or not assembled into filaments. This study provides a useful reference for further studies of flagellar function and a simple blueprint for similar studies with other proteins.
Population Studies of Pratylenchus penetrans and its Effects on Peach Seedling Rootstocks1

Field samplings in 3 peach orchards with 4 seedling rootstocks showed that Siberian C seedlings had significantly higher levels of Pratylenchus penetrans [(Cobb) Filip, and Stek. ] populations in both root tissues and surrounding soil than 3 other seedling rootstocks tested. Little difference in nematode populations could be shown between seedlings of Veteran, Harrow Blood and Rutgers Red Leaf. Greenhouse studies of infected and nematode-free seedlings of these rootstocks confirmed field results. Significant reduction in growth occurred in all the rootstocks tested, with Siberian C seedlings being the most severely affected. Nematode control and plant breeding implications are discussed.
Rice Husk Ash and Fly Ash Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete

Cement production involves high amounts of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Pakistan is facing a serious energy crisis and cement’s cost is increasing. In addition, landfilling of potential concrete components can lead to environmental degradation. The use of waste as cement replacement not only reduces cement production cost by reducing energy consumption, but it is also environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of concrete by partially replacing cement with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Fly Ash (FA). This study is mainly focused on the performance of concrete conducting a slump test, and investigating indirect tensile and compressive strength. Cement was replaced with RHA and FA by 5% (2.5% RHA + 2.5% FA), 10% (5% RHA + 5% FA), 15% (7.5% RHA + 7.5% FA) and 20% (10% RHA+10% FA) by weight. Ninety concrete samples were cast with mix proportions of 1:2:4 and 0.55 water/cement ratio. Cube and cylindrical samples were used for measuring compressive and split tensile strength respectively, after 7 and 28 days. The results showed that after 28 days, the 5% RHA+5% FA sample’s compressive strength was enhanced by 16.14% and its indirect tensile strength was improved by 15.20% compared to the conventional sample. Moreover, the sample’s slump value dropped as the content of RHA and FA increased.
Killer cell dynamics : mathematical and computational approaches to immunology

Viruses and Immune Responses: A Dynamical View. - Models of CTL Responses and Correlates of Virus Control. - CTL Memory. - CD4 T Cell Help. - Immunodominance. - Multiple Infections and CTL Dynamics. - Control versus CTL-Induced Pathology. - Lytic versus Nonlytic Activity. - Dynamical Interactions between CTL and Antibody Responses. - Effector Molecules and CTL Homeostasis. - Virus-Induced Subversion of CTL Responses. - Boosting Immunity against Immunosuppressive Infections. - Evolutionary Aspects of Immunity.
Life cycle of Peridinium bipes f. occulatum (Dinophyceae) isolated from Lake Kizaki.

Encystment and excystment in the life cycle of a dinofiagellate Peridinium bipes f. occulatum (Lindem.) Lef. , which was isolated from Lake Kizaki, were investigated by use of a clonal population. Sexual reproduction was induced in A bipes inoculating exponentially growing cells into N-free Carefoot's medium. The sexual life history of P. bipes resembles that reported for P. willei and R cinctzam in many respects: isogamgus and homothallic gamete ; the gametes resemble small, naked, vegetative cells ; lateral fusion with a long living planozygotic stage in which the zygotes enlarge and become warty ; hypnozygote with 3 walls (exsospore, mesospore and endospore) ; hypnozygote characterized by one or more large red oil droplets. However, the difference of A bipes from P. cinctztm and P. willei i's that the post-zygotic cell of P. bipes divided into one cell with a red oil drop}et and one without it. light intensity. The experiments described here demonstrate that light is a critical factor in the germination of R bipes cysts, affecting excystment frequency. Quantitative observation of the encystment was made with the clonal culture of the P. bipes. When the population density of cells reached ca. 1×10` cells/ml about one month after the inoculation to the Carefoot's medium, the cells were transferred to fresh Carefoot's medium without nitrogen at a final concentration of ca. 500 cells/ ml. At short intervals the total numberofcysts were counted. The standardconditions experiments performed in triplicate. Light and temperature conditions during the encystment frequency using the following formula : and
Effect of metal salts and protein modifying agents on activity of thermostable alpha-amylase produced by Bacillus licheniformis M27 under solid state fermentation

The data on the effect of metal salts and protein modifying agents on the enzyme produced by B. licheniformis under solide state fermentation (SSF) process are reported and compared with those of the enzymes from other B. licheniformis and Bacillus strains. The bacterial α-amylase produced under SSF technique was not purified or characterized earlier
Calculative and relational trust in the management of coastal floods and earthquakes: a comparative study (Confianza calculativa y relacional en la gestión de inundaciones costeras y terremotos: un estudio comparativo)

Abstract Local communities have perfected their knowledge about their environments for generations. Considering modern management dynamics and the changing characteristics of their immediate environments, local communities must trust the authorities’ management of these risks. However, different types of risks expose these communities. This article proposes a comparative analysis of local trust dynamics between a locality in the French coast exposed to flood risks, and a town in inner Italy exposed to earthquake risks. The study focuses on how participants express calculative or relational trust through interviews. Results show that French participants consider the local risks of coastal floods to be minimal. In this sense they trust local authorities with the ability to manage these situations, even if generalized concerns over relational trust are also expressed. In Italy local inhabitants express a high awareness of earthquake risks. But the lack of preventive action from local authorities is associated with the expression of low calculative and relational trust.