Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fourier theoretic inequalities for inclusion of simple C ∗ -algebras

This paper originates from a naive attempt to establish various non-commutative Fourier theoretic inequalities for an inclusion of simple C ∗ -algebras equipped with a conditional expectation of index-ﬁnite type. In this setting, we discuss the Hausdorﬀ-Young inequality and Young’s inequality. As a consequence, we prove the Hirschman–Beckner uncertainty principle and Donoho–Stark uncertainty principle. Our results generalize some of the results of Jiang, Liu and Wu [Noncommutative uncertainty principle, J. Funct. Anal. , 270(1): 264– 311, 2016].
The Effect of Social Pressures on CEO Compensation 1

We analyze the effect of social pressures on CEO compensation due to interactions with other CEOs and social elites within 60 miles of the firm‟s headquarters, as well as comparisons of mansions in the local area. Social premium is the portion of CEO compensation that is linked to the number of local social peers and is not explained by local economic condition, firm performance and characteristics, and corporate governance variables. For S&P 1500 companies during 1994-2005, the average social premium for a CEO increases by $560,000 if the number of peer CEOs increases from 15 to 82 (moving from the 25 th to 75 th percentile of the sample). Frequency of social interactions affects the social premium; peer CEOs in larger social circles or at greater geographic distance exert less social influence. The social premium result is robust to various pay measures, firm fixed effects, and state fixed effects. In addition, the social premium is greater when the board of directors better understands the local social norm.
A Pilot Study of Client Outcomes from Exercise Physiology in a Youth Mental Health Service

Aim The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the utilisation and experience of an exercise physiology program, known as Bod Squad at a youth mental health service. Methods Individual sessions were offered in an outpatient setting, while both group and individual sessions occurred on an inpatient unit. This pilot study used a mixed methodology to collect data from young people who attended Bod Squad. A database of exercise physiology records for 47 young people were analysed for attendance and physiological indicators. In addition, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with young people to explore their experience of Bod Squad. Results Young people attended a total of 169 sessions during the programs tenure, with an overall mean of 3.6 sessions. Pre-post measures for ten young people (who had attended at least four sessions) showed modest average reductions for body mass index, waist circumference, chest circumference and resting heart rate. Five themes emerged from the interviews – 1) My reasons for attending, 2) The social aspect, 3) An individualised approach, 4) Outcomes from Bod Squad, and 5) My experience of the service. All of these themes included positive experiences of Bod Squad, which young people perceived as relevant to their needs and helpful to their recovery.
Ethnomathematic Exploration on Cassava Leaf Painting Batik

Ethnomathematics is the relationship between culture and mathematics that is found in the habits of society where people have unconsciously applied mathematical concepts in their culture or habits. The habits referred to in this study are what the batik makers do in making one sheet of ﬁnished batik each time. The purpose of this study was to describe the ethnomathematics of cassava leaf batik in the production house of the new Kartini pujer batik. This research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The subjects of this research are crafts-men in the production house of Karini Pujer Baru Batik. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Observations were carried out by the researchers themselves and assisted by 2 observers who had been provided with observation guidelines, and interviews were conducted with the crafts-men at the batik production house of the new Kartini Pujer Bondowoso, while the documentation was carried out by the researcher himself using a camera recorder. The results of this study indicate the existence of ethnomathematics in cassava leaf painting batik. The geometric concepts or elements found include points, lines, angles, shapes (rectangles, squares), congruence, congruence, equations, and geometric transformations (dilation).
Wpływ wielkości przedsiębiorstw na innowacyjność systemu przemysłowego w Polsce

Przedmiotem artykulu jest kwestia wplywu poszczegolnych klas wielkości przedsiebiorstw na aktywnośc polskiego systemu przemyslowego. Autor stara sie odpowiedziec na trzy zasadnicze pytania- po pierwsze, czy podmioty roznej wielkości odmiennie realizują dzialalnośc innowacyjną, po drugie, jezeli tak, to czy takie zroznicowanie powinno wplywac na ksztaltowanie bądź korekte realizowanej w Polsce polityki innowacyjnej, i po trzecie, czy zachowania przedsiebiorstw przemyslowych zlokalizowanych w naszym kraju w badanym obszarze znacząco odbiegają od tych obserwowanych w krajach wysoko rozwinietych. W krajach przechodzących etap transformacji struktura wielkości przedsiebiorstw wplywa na procesy ekonomiczne, w tym rowniez na aktywnośc innowacyjną w przemyśle. Glownym celem badania byla proba określenia wplywu klas wielkości przedsiebiorstw na ich aktywnośc innowacyjną w obrebie polskiego systemu przemyslowego, a w konsekwencji określenie warunkow brzegowych dla modelowej struktury narodowej sieci innowacji uwzgledniającej specyfike Polski, pozwalającej na umiejetne kreowanie polityki innowacyjnej. Cześc metodyczna opracowania zostala przygotowana na podstawie modelowania probitowego bazującego na rachunku prawdopodobienstwa. Badania wskazują, ze kluczem do akceleracji rozwoju innowacji jest stymulowanie tej aktywności glownie w podmiotach średnich i duzych. Mikro‐ i male przedsiebiorstwa zlokalizowane w Polsce charakteryzują sie z kolei niskim poziomem sklonności do podejmowania ryzyka. W miare uplywu czasu aktywnośc innowacyjna tych ostatnich ewoluuje jednak w kierunku ich średnich i duzych odpowiednikow. Artykul wskazal obszary, ktore powinny byc szczegolnie wspierane przez polityke innowacyjną panstwa, starając sie wyznaczyc w Polsce jej dlugoterminowe ramy.
Biogeographic Characterization of Fishes from Intertidal Sandflats in Pamlico River, North Carolina

The spatial and temporal changes in fish community structure in Pamlico River North Carolina were analyzed. Salinity and temperature are important water quality parameters influencing fish community structure in estuaries. Fish were collected with an 18 m long bag seine from sandy habitats in Pamlico River North Carolina. Each station was sampled bi-monthly (August to November) in 2009-2010. The North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (NCDMF) Program 123 has been collecting fish from two stations in Pamlico River since 1987. There are two main differences between this study and Program 123. First Program 123 has a much narrower geographic sampling area than this study. I sampled 18 fixed locations from Washington North Carolina to the mouth of Pamlico Sound; whereas NCDMF sampled only two stations near Bath North Carolina. Second sampling frequency was higher in this study than in Program 123. I sampled bi-weekly in October and November 2009 and August to November 2010; whereas Program 123 sampled monthly from September to November 2009 and 2010. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to test for differences in fish community structure both spatially and temporally in Pamlico River and to test for the correlation of water quality to fish community structure. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significance in water quality among the various sections. Five species (Anchoa mitchilli Menidia beryllina Brevoortia tyrannus Leiostomus xanthurus and Lagodon rhomboides) accounted for 97.4% of the total abundance in Pamlico River. Temporal and spatial changes in fish community structure were important in Pamlico River. Temperature was the most important environmental factor correlating with temporal fish community structure in Pamlico River. Salinity was the most important factor in spatial fish community structure. Program 123 captured greater catch per unit effort (CPUE) than this study because Program 123 only sampled the Central section where greatest fish abundance occurred. However greater species diversity was captured in this study than in Program 123.
Neuropathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis in a primate model

BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity for which there is no treatment. In addition to direct viral cytopathology, the inflammatory response is postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis. Our goal was to determine the contribution of bystander effects and inflammatory mediators to neuronal cell death. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Material from a macaque model was used to characterize the inflammatory response and cytopathic effects of JE virus (JEV). Intranasal JEV infection induced a non-suppurative encephalitis, dominated by perivascular, infiltrates of mostly T cells, alongside endothelial cell activation, vascular damage and blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage; in the adjacent parenchyma there was macrophage infiltration, astrocyte and microglia activation. JEV antigen was mostly in neurons, but there was no correlation between intensity of viral infection and degree of inflammatory response. Apoptotic cell death occurred in both infected and non-infected neurons. Interferon-, which is a microglial activator, was also expressed by both. Tumour Necrosis Factor-, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine were expressed by microglial cells, astrocytes and macrophages. The same cells expressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 whilst MMP-9 was expressed by neurons. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results are consistent with JEV inducing neuronal apoptotic death and release of cytokines that initiate microglial activation and release of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators with subsequent apoptotic death of both infected and uninfected neurons. Activation of astrocytes, microglial and endothelial cells likely contributes to inflammatory cell recruitment and BBB breakdown. It appears that neuronal apoptotic death and activation of microglial cells and astrocytes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of JE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd. 0002980 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-98552 Accepted Version Originally published at: Myint, K S; Kipar, A; Jarman, R G; Gibbons, R V; Perng, G C; Flanagan, B; Mongkolsirichaikul, D; Van Gessel, Y; Solomon, T (2014). Neuropathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis in a primate model. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(8):e2980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd. 0002980 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases Neuropathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis in a primate model --Manuscript Draft-Manuscript Number: PNTD-D-13-01943R1 Full Title: Neuropathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis in a primate model Short Title: Neuropathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis Article Type: Research Articles
On relation between attractors for single and multivalued semiflows for a certain class of PDEs

Sometimes it is not possible to prove the uniqueness of the weak solutions for problems of mathematical physics, but it is possible to bootstrap their regularity to the regularity of strong solutions which are unique. In this paper we formulate an abstract setting for such class of problems and we provide the conditions under which the global attractors for both strong and weak solutions coincide and the fractal dimension of the common attractor is finite. We present two problems belonging to this class: planar Rayleigh–Benard flow of thermomicropolar fluid and surface quasigeostrophic equation on torus.
Racetrack Traction Assessment by Penetrometer Part II. Application of the Model

ABSTRACT Turf racetrack traction is mainly a function of bearing strength of the underlying soil. The relationship between the pene-trometric index of bearing strength and traction, reflected in times run by horses, differs with soil type. A method has been developed to take account of soil type differences. A hyperbolic model was used to relate penetrometer index to racetimes for 2300 races on 29 racetracks. The model normalised all data to a standard 1400 metre race. Adjustments were made to account for the effect of racetrack configuration, soil type, class of horse, distance and the effect of rain on three main parameters: m-the winners time for a standard race (83,45 sees) expected on an ideal (best traction) track; a-the penetrometer index (2.40 cm for the standard race) above which times increase; and b-the maximum increase in time (standard of 2.78 sees cm') for a unit increase in penetration. The tuning point parameter, a, and the slope parameter, b, were fitted as a base value for the standard r.
Teachers' and pupils' perceptions of and responses to cooperative learning methods within the Islamic culture courses in one secondary school in Saudi Arabia

This study investigated the development and implementation of cooperative learning in two Saudi classrooms seeking the perspectives of teachers and pupils. A review of the literature suggests that efforts to introduce cooperative learning have tended to be initiated in Oceanic, North American or European contexts (Jolliffe and Hutchinson, 2007). Research is less forthcoming in other regions in the world. Research on group work / cooperative learning methods in Arab-speaking nations is in its infancy. The specific purpose of this thesis is to examine the development and implementation of cooperative learning in two Islamic culture classes in one secondary school in Saudi Arabia. In both, the perceptions of teachers and pupils were sought, to gather the opinions of teachers regarding changes to their classroom practice. Two male secondary teachers with 19 and 12 years teaching experience participated in a 10-hour training programme on cooperative learning in the classroom, and then they and their pupils (39 pupils) were tracked over a four-week period to investigate their experiences of this new approach. Individual interviews with teachers took place at four points across the research period: before and after the training programme, in the middle of the implementation stage and at the end of the project. Focus group interviews with pupils also took place before, in the middle and after the implementation stage. In addition, field note observations of approximately 40 lessons were made and short segments of some lessons were videoed. Teachers kept an audio reflective log to record their experiences. Results indicated that both teachers initially had very limited knowledge of cooperative learning. The findings indicated that teachers were very supportive of the training they received. Pupils and teachers described a number of benefits of cooperative learning and the opportunity to experience a broader range of educational outcomes. Teachers described and demonstrated a number of aspects of their practice that illustrated a shift to a more pupil-centred classroom, with their role becoming more of a facilitator of learning. Pupils highlighted their enjoyment and new-found freedom and opportunity to take greater ownership of and responsibility for their and others' learning. The research provides further contributions to the literature on cooperative learning in general and specifically about its use in Saudi Arabia. The study reveals the need for wider consideration and development of cooperative learning in both pre-service and in-service programmes in Saudi Arabia and the implications for a number of stakeholders to realise the aims presented.
2016 AERA Presidential Address: Public Scholarship: Education Research for a Diverse Democracy

AERA’s centennial provides an opportunity to reinvigorate the aspirations that gave rise to our research community in the United States: hope and determination that research can strengthen public education, society’s most democratic institution. The first AERAers sought to produce scientific knowledge to improve large, increasingly diverse urban school systems—a pursuit that continues today. Yet over the century, we’ve learned that achieving equity in our diverse democracy is as much about public perceptions and politics as it is about science. Research-based knowledge and practices to make education equitable are often overpowered by cultural norms and politics. As present-day inequalities bear uncanny resemblances to those of 1916, we must heed a vital (though often ignored) precept of John Dewey’s—one that calls on researchers to act as public scholars. Engaging with publics to raise awareness of common problems is a central charge for researchers, one that holds great promise for fostering democratic, public problem solving.
Nitrogen Oxides in the North Atlantic Troposphere: Impacts of Boreal Wildfire and Anthropogenic Emissions

Nitrogen oxides play a crucial role in the budget of tropospheric ozone (O3) and the formation of the hydroxyl radical. Anthropogenic activities and boreal wildfires are large sources of emissions in the atmosphere. However, the influence of the transport of these emissions on nitrogen oxides and O3 levels at hemispheric scales is not well understood, in particular due to a lack of nitrogen oxides measurements in remote regions. In order to address these deficiencies, measurements of NO, NO2 and NOy (total reactive nitrogen oxides) were made in the lower free troposphere (FT) over the central North Atlantic region (Pico Mountain station, 38◦N 28◦W, 2.3 km asl) from July 2002 to August 2005. These measurements reveal a well-defined seasonal cycle of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO+NO2 and NOy) in the background central North Atlantic lower FT, with higher mixing ratios during the summertime. Observed NOx and NOy levels are consistent with long-range transport of emissions, but with significant removal en-route to the measurement site. Reactive nitrogen largely exists in the form of PAN and HNO3 (∼80–90% of NOy) all year round. A shift in the composition of NOy from dominance of PAN to dominance of HNO3 occurs from winter–spring to summer–fall, as a result of changes in temperature and photochemistry over the region. Analysis of the long-range transport of boreal wildfire emissions on nitrogen oxides provides evidence of the very large-scale impacts of boreal wildfires on the tropospheric NOx and O3 budgets. Boreal wildfire emissions are responsible for significant shifts in the nitrogen oxides distributions toward higher levels during the summer,
Multi-annual variability of a new proxy-constrained modeled AMOC from 1450-1780 CE

The ongoing discussion about the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slowdown over the 21st century requires an understanding of preindustrial AMOC variability. Here, we present a new AMOC reconstruction during the Little Ice Age from 1450–1780 CE, generated with a novel nudging technique. The technique uses a 10-member ensemble of ocean-model simulations nudged to proxy-reconstructed sea surface temperature. The new reconstruction improves existing 5 knowledge of the AMOC variability and underlying processes, showing that the AMOC weak phases under stable atmospheric CO 2 conditions are mainly driven by a 4-to-7-year lagged effect of surface heat flux associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However, the strong phases are a response to instantaneous surface wind stress. Analyses of our AMOC reconstruction reaffirm previous findings about the mechanisms of AMOC variability and its link to the NAO. In addition, we show that processes leading to the phases of weak and strong AMOC are non-symmetric. Overall, the nudging technique 10 enables us to better constrain past AMOC variability.
Skill and earnings among golfers on the Southern-African Sunshine Tour

This paper estimates the determinants of success of golfers on the Southern-African Sunshine Tour. Using a simultaneous-quantile regression approach and real earnings per tournament as a measure of success, a higher greens-in-regulation percentage and a lower number of putts per greens-in-regulation are associated with higher earnings. Calculations of the value of the marginal product of key golfer skills suggest a dynamic human capital acquisition process for many Sunshine Tour golfers at the earliest stages of their professional golf career
Jointly learning heterogeneous features for RGB-D activity recognition

In this paper, we focus on heterogeneous feature learning for RGB-D activity recognition. Considering that features from different channels could share some similar hidden structures, we propose a joint learning model to simultaneously explore the shared and feature-specific components as an instance of heterogenous multi-task learning. The proposed model in an unified framework is capable of: 1) jointly mining a set of subspaces with the same dimensionality to enable the multi-task classifier learning, and 2) meanwhile, quantifying the shared and feature-specific components of features in the subspaces. To efficiently train the joint model, a three-step iterative optimization algorithm is proposed, followed by two inference models. Extensive results on three activity datasets have demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed method. In addition, a novel RGB-D activity dataset focusing on human-object interaction is collected for evaluating the proposed method, which will be made available to the community for RGB-D activity benchmarking and analysis.