Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Promoter Ownership Aﬀect Dividend Policy? An Agency Problem Perspective

In this paper, we show a nonlinear relation between promoter ownership and dividends in the Indian context, that is, promoters pay more dividends at lower level of their ownership while they pay lesser dividends when their ownership increases beyond a threshold. In particular, we find that the adverse impact of promoter ownership on dividends is greater only at higher level of ownership, where promoters become entrenched with their effective control, and outsiders face the greatest risk of expropriation. We contend that agency and information asymmetry problems are the factors driving our results. We establish this by showing that the nonlinear relation between promoter ownership and dividend payment is more pronounced for standalone firms than group affiliated firms, for firms with more free cash flows and for firms with smaller board and less number of independent directors in the board. Our results are robust to endogeneity concerns and testing the dividend payment decision (to pay or not to pay) using the
Effects of cluster sets and rest-redistribution on mechanical Effects of cluster sets and rest-redistribution on mechanical responses to back squats in trained men responses to back squats in trained men

Eight resistance-trained men completed three protocols separated by 48-96 hours. Each protocol included 36 repetitions with the same rest duration, but the frequency and length of rest periods differed. The cluster sets of four (CS4) protocol included 30 s of rest after the 4th, 8th, 16th, 20th, 28th, and 32nd repetition in addition to 120 s of rest after the 12th and 24th repetition. For the other two protocols, the total 420 s rest time of CS4 was redistributed to include nine sets of four repetitions (RR4) with 52.5 s of rest after every four repetitions, or 36 sets of single repetitions (RR1) with 12 s of rest after every repetition. Mean (MF) and peak (PF) force, velocity (MV and PV), and power output (MP and PP) were measured during 36 repetitions and were collapsed into 12 repetitions for analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA 3 (protocol) x 12 (repetition) showed a protocol x repetition interaction for PF, MV, PV, MP, and PP (p-values from <0.001 to 0.012). No interaction or main effect was present for MF. During RR1, MV, PV, MP, and PP were maintained, but decreased throughout every 4-repetition sequence during CS4 and RR4. During CS4 and RR4, PF was less following a rest period compared to subsequent repetitions, whereas PF was maintained during RR1. These data indicate that rest redistribution results in similar average kinetics and kinematics, but if total rest time is redistributed to create shorter but more frequent sets, kinetics and kinematics may remain more constant.
Chemistry of brine in an unconventional shale dominated source bed understanding water- organic material-mineral interactions during hydrocarbon generation

The exploration and development of unconventional shale plays provide an opportunity to study the hydrocarbon generation process. These unconventional plays allow one to investigate the interactions between the fluid, mineral, and organic material that occur in a hydrocarbon-generating source bed, before any changes in composition that may occur during secondary migration or post migration processes. Previous studies have determined the chemical constituents of formation waters collected from conventional reservoirs after secondary migration has occurred. This investigation targets formation waters collected from the Woodford shale that acts as both source and reservoir, therefore samples have yet to experience any changes in composition that occur during secondary migration. This investigation focuses on the major element and trace element chemistry of the formation water (Cl, Br, Na, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Rare Earth Elements), which has been compared to chemical constituents of the associated crude oil and kerogens. Analytical data for this investigation were determined by the following methods; Ion Chromatography, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The information is used to assess the presence of different sources of water that constitute the formation water, and also to investigate interaction between different minerals and formation waters within the source beds. The formation water data also yields new insights into compartmentalization of oil-gas rich zones within the source beds.
Comparative study between specular microscopy, pentacam and Comparative study between specular microscopy, pentacam and anterior segment optical coherence tomography in assessment of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in assessment of central corneal thickness central corneal thickness

Background: Central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements are important for determining intraocular pressure (IOP), examining corneal endothelium activity, and assessing patients before and after refractive surgery. Contact and non-contact techniques can be used to assess CCT. Aim of The Work: in individuals with healthy corneas, CCT values taken with three distinct devices: noncontact specular microscope, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and pentacam. Patients and Methods: This is observational prospective cross-sectional study, done at the outpatient clinics of Al-Azhar University hospitals on 100 healthy eyes. Results: Regarding correlation between CCT measured by pentacam and CCT assessed by AS-OCT and specular microscopy. There was high positive important correlation between CCT assessed by pentacam and CCT assessed by AS-OCT (r=0.887, p<0.001) & specular microscopy (r=0.863, p<0.001). Conclusion: in normal eyes, the mentioned devices have a good correlation. Because there was statistically significant variance, they cannot be utilized interchangeably. Ultrasonic pachymetry is recommended for cases with borderline pentacam pachymetry readings.
Effect Of Flap Fixation On Seroma Formation After Modified Effect Of Flap Fixation On Seroma Formation After Modified Radical Mastectomy Radical Mastectomy

Background: After breast cancer surgery, seroma development is it's the most frequent problem occurs post-operatively. It happens to the majority of women who have undergone a mastectomy. The development of seroma inhibits wound healing, necrosis of skin flap, increases susceptibility to infection and causes chronic pain. Therefore, several ways to promote primary healing and reduce the formation of seroma have been examined. Aim of the study: to investigate the impact of surgically closing dead space on seroma formation and postoperative drainage after mastectomy by suturing the mastectomy flaps to underlying chest wall. Patients and Methods: Thirty women with early-stage breast cancer were scheduled for modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymphadenectomy between January 2021 and July 2021 at Al-Azhar University Hospitals in Cairo, Egypt, in this prospective randomized trial, with a total of 15 people in each group: the study group, and the control group. The two groups were compared using comparative analysis. Results: There was a decreased incidence of seroma formation after flap fixation mastectomy when compared to the control group on both clinical and ultrasonographic levels. Additionally, according to this research, this approach significantly reduces drainage time and fluid drainage. Conclusion: Because of this method's reduced risk of seroma formation, less fluid is drained, and the drains can be removed sooner, making flap fixation a highly beneficial treatment.
International Journal of Clinical & Experimental Otolaryngology (IJCEO)

Object: To determine outcomes of endoscopic assessment of the Aditus Patency in Mucosal COM with Sclerosed Mastoid during tympanoplasty. Methods: 50 patients presenting with inactive tubo-tympanic CSOM with sclerosed mastoid. Antrotomy with tympanoplasty were done for all patients. The intraoperative patency of the aditus was assessed by microscope and 30º otoendoscope. Results: 20 (80%) patients of endoscopic group compared to 10 (40%) patients in microscopic group showed graft take with statistically significant difference (p = 0.025). Conclusion: Otoendoscopyis a minimally invasive surgery and could be utilized efficiently to improve the visibility of aditus and then dealing with any pathology in mucosal COM with sclerosed mastoid during tympanoplasty. Summary at glance: 50 patients presenting with inactive tubo-tympanic CSOM with sclerosed mastoid. The intraoperative patency of the aditus was assessed by microscope and 30º otoendoscope during tympanoplasty.
Inﬂuence of clinical and gait analysis experience on reliability of observational gait analysis (Edinburgh Gait Score Reliability)

Objectives. – Treatment complexity of cerebral palsy (CP) patients imposes outcome evaluation studies, which may include objective technical analysis and more subjective functional evaluation. The Edinburgh Gait Score (EGS) was proposed as an additive or alternative when complex instrumented three-dimensional gait analysis is not available. Our purposes were to apply a translated EGS to standard video recordings of independent walking spastic diplegic CP patients, to evaluate its intraobserver and interobserver reliability with respect to gait analysis familiar and not familiar observers. Methods. – Ten standard video recordings acquired during routine clinical gait analysis were examined by eight observers gait analysis interpretation experienced or not, out of various specialities, two times with a two weeks interval. Kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefﬁcient were calculated.
Protective Effect of Vitamins E & C and Silymarin Against Protective Effect of Vitamins E & C and Silymarin Against Paracetamol Toxicity on the Liver of Adult male Albino Rat Paracetamol Toxicity on the Liver of Adult male Albino Rat

Background: Paracetamol, an analgesic, is safe at therapeutic dose. Its overdose causes hepatotoxicity. Silymarin is hepatoprotective, capable of stabilizing cell membranes. Vitamins E and C (VEC) have hepatoprotective effects due to their antioxidant rule . Aim of the study: to investigate protective effects of silymarin, vitamins E and C on the paracetamol hepatotoxicity. Patients and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were used in this experiment, divided into 4 groups, 10 rats each, Group I (Control) given normal saline orally, Group II: given paracetamol (PC), once daily orally, Group III: given Silymarin, once daily orally with PC once daily orally, Group IV: given (vitamin E, vitamin C, once daily intraperitoneally, with PC once daily orally. Livers of rats were examined by light and electron microscopy . The experiment extended for two weeks and was done in faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar university. Results: Light microscopy: Group II showed diffuse cytoplasmic vacuolations. The nuclei appeared eccentric and pyknotic. Focal necrosis was observed. Marked cellular infiltration was noted around congested central veins . Group III marked improvement was noticed. Group IV, some hepatocytes showed vacuolations, while the remaining restored their normal structure. Electron microscopy: Group II showed some nuclei without nucleolus, intracytoplasmic vacuolations and decrease in the number of organelles, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. In Group III and Group IV, the ultra - structural changes in the liver sections disappeared in spite of persistence of some lipid droplets and cytoplasmic vacuoles . Conclusion: This study proved the hepatoprotective effects of silymarin and vitamins E and C, against paracetamol hepatotoxicity.
Directions of New Music Directions of New Music

The singing subject is both site-of and author-of her practice. This practice-based, artistic research unpacks the entangled process of making new music, conscious that the performer-author is the site where embodied problem solving takes place. The principal focus of the paper is the author’s realization of Alexander Garsden’s [ja] Maser, for voice and electronics, created by recording and reconstituting vocal elements using traditional compositional and performative methods as well as studio recording and granular synthesis. The author approaches the realization of this new work as an experimental practice in dialogue with theoretical frames that inform and situate the research. "The grain of the voice" (Barthes) is a central theoretical touch-point for this case-study which also engages with ideas derived from texts by Connor, Deleuze and Guattari, Dolar, Chion, Auslander, Cavarero and Harraway. The author contends that theoretical grounding can be utilized to support and parse vocal practice, mediated by technology and the collaborative process, to more effectively negotiate performer subjectivity in the realization of new music. The results of these investigations through artistic research provide insight into the approaches a performer might devise to solve practical and philosophical problems in new electro-acoustic music while negotiating the granular, unstable nature of subjectivity.
Low Level Laser Therapy in Diabetic Patients with Tarsal Tunnel Low Level Laser Therapy in Diabetic Patients with Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Syndrome

Background: Peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN) may be associated with nerve compression neuropathies including tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS). Low levels of laser therapy (LLLT) is a suggested treatment. The present prospective study investigated the effect of LLLT on the clinical and neurophysiological parameters in diabetic patients with TTS. Method and Materials: Thirty diabetic patients with TTS aged 40-60 years received LLLT. LLLT was achieved using a double diode laser device (LUMIX® 2 device, Fisioline, Italy) emitting at 904 nm. Patients received 3 sessions weekly for 12 weeks. Neurophysiological parameters and visual analog scale were measured before and after 12 weeks of LLLT. Results: Comparison between pre and post-treatment outcome parameters revealed significant improvement of VAS (8.5 ± 1.2 versus 4.6 ± 1.7, p<0.001), motor distal latency (6.7 ± 0.9 versus 5.1 ± 0.9 ms, p<0.001), sensory peak distal latency (4.6 ± 0.5 versus 3.2 ± 0.3 ms, p<0.001), motor amplitude (2.6 ± 0.6 versus 4.1 ± 0.5 mV, p<0.001), medial planter amplitude (6.1 ± 3.2 versus 15.1 ± 3.5 mV, p<0.001) and medial planter amplitude (4.3 ± 2.0 versus 12.5 ± 1.6 mV, p<0.001). Conclusion: LLLT has a positive impact on clinical and neurophysiological parameters in diabetic patients with TTS.
A Study of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis C A Study of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Received Direct Acting Antiviral Drugs Patients Received Direct Acting Antiviral Drugs

Background: Infection with hepatitis C poses a global health problem that affects 200 million chronically infected patients globally. Infected patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) run a high risk of developing fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aim of work: to evaluate the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in DAA-treated patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Patient and Methods: The research involved 500 DAAS-treated patients who had chronic viral hepatitis C. We carried out this retrospective study at Al-Azhar University, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit,
Research Online Research

This study analyzed the in ﬂ uence of a 4-week high-intensity interval training on the pacing strategy adopted by runners during a 5-km running trial. Sixteen male recreational long-distance runners were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, n=8) or a high-intensity interval training group (HIIT, n=8). The HIIT group performed high-intensity interval-training twice per week, while the CON group maintained their regular training program. Before and after the training period, the runners performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion to measure the onset of blood lactate accumulation, maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max), and peak treadmill speed (PTS). A submaximal constant-speed test to measure the running economy (RE) and a 5-km running trial on an outdoor track to establish pacing strategy and performance were also done. During the 5-km running trial, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and time to cover the 5-km trial (T5) were registered. After the training period, there were signi ﬁ cant improvements in the HIIT group of B 7 and 5% for RE (P = 0.012) and PTS (P = 0.019), respectively. There was no signi ﬁ cant difference between the groups for VO 2 max (P = 0.495) or onset of blood lactate accumulation (P = 0.101). No difference was found in the parameters measured during the 5-km trial before the training period between HIIT and CON (P 4 0.05). These ﬁ ndings suggest that 4 weeks of HIIT can improve some traditional physiological variables related to endurance performance (RE and PTS), but it does not alter the perception of effort, pacing strategy, or overall performance during a 5-km running trial.
Characterization of Mycobacteriophage Fulbright Isolated from Oklahoma Soil

: Increasingly unsuccessful antibiotic remedies against emerging drug resistant bacteria make research on alternative treatments paramount. In this project, we characterized the mycobacteriophage Fulbright, evaluated the phage’s efficacy against M. smegmatis and M. abscessus , and explored the possibility of using it for phage therapy applications. We found that Fulbright is stable at pH range 4-9 and temperatures ranging 20-60°C. We observed a 90-minute latent period and a lytic burst plateau 3 h after adsorption. We observed that Fulbright can infect M. abscessus at a concentration of 1x10 9 PFU/mL and higher, but loses efficacy at concentrations lower than 1x10 9 PFU/mL. In an effort to demonstrate the feasibility of using mycobacteriophage Fulbright in phage therapy applications, we electrospun Fulbright with polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber to serve as a model wound dressing and observed PCL_Fulbright successfully infecting M. smegmatis.
Upslope-Migrating Bedforms In A Proglacial Sandur Delta: Cyclic Steps From River-Derived Underflows?

Abstract Backstepping cross-strata on steep foresets of a Gilbert-type proglacial fluviodeltaic system are ascribed to cyclic steps and other associated supercritical bedforms. They provide insight into how sandur river flows transition into the marine realm. These sedimentary structures are located on steep foresets (up to 17°) with corresponding top-lying, flat-based topsets in an upper Pleistocene delta on the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec, Canada. Packages of backstepping cross strata of sand and gravel, lying in the lower part of the delta front outcrop, are organized in 10–20 m spaced pseudo-foresets with a mean slope of 11–12° seawards. Backstepping strata include frequent internal erosion surfaces that onlap upslope on pseudo-foresets and are interpreted as cyclic steps. Narrow, deep, and asymmetrical scours and upslope-climbing cross beds are interpreted as chutes-and-pools and antidunes respectively. Very shallow (< 15 m) depositional paleo-bathymetry is inferred from the preservation of the delta brink. The well-organized stratal pattern in cyclic step to antidune deposits indicates relatively steady and uniform flow patterns. There is insufficient distance for a headscarp large enough to transform to the volume of observed accreted sands or for a flow transformation from a gravitational collapse to net-depositional cyclic steps. These deposits are sandier than the topsets beds and are thus not derived from them, but rather correspond to topset erosional surfaces. The development of cyclic steps from hyperpycnal flows was likely enhanced by tidal drawdown processes. The resulting sediment-laden supercritical flows plunged inertially and evolved into an underflow that generated the cyclic steps on the upper foresets. The cyclic steps have a high aspect ratio and represent an end member of coarse-grained sediment deposited on steep slopes, in contrast to low-gradient, low-aspect-ratio muddy deposits.
Reproduction in Sepia aculeata Van Hasselt, 1835 along the Andhra Pradesh coast, off the western Bay of Bengal

Sepia aculeata Van Hasselt, 1835 is a commercially important cuttlefish in Indian seaswith limited studies on its biology from the Indo-Pacific region. This study, observed thereproductive biology of S. aculeata from samples landed by the trawl fishery operating offthe coast of north Andhra Pradesh, off the western Bay of Bengal. A total of 3511 sampleswere studied, of which 2241 were females having dorsal mantle length (DML) ranging from8.7 to 21.4 cm and weight from 78 to 901 g and 1260 were male specimens of DML rangingfrom 7.9 to 21.9 cm and weight from 54 to 738 g. Females dominated the landings with a sexratio of 1.78. The length at first maturity was estimated at 14.3 and 12.6 cm DML for femalesand males, respectively. Both sexes spawned throughout the year with two significant peaksfrom July to October and from December to February with minor intermittent peaks. Theabsolute fecundity ranged from 330±1.44 x 102 eggs, with a relative fecundity of 75±8.94 x102 eggs 100 g-1 body weight. The results of this study may be used as inputs in assessingthe stock of S. aculeata in the study region. Keywords:Cephalopods, Needle cuttlefish, Size at firstmaturity, Spawning season, Trawl fisheries
Modeling Survival Time to Death among Stroke Patients at Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Stroke is a life-threatening condition that occurs due to impaired blood flow to brain tissues. Every year, about 15 million people worldwide suffer from a stroke, with five million of them suffering from some form of permanent physical disability. Globally, stroke is the second-leading cause of death following ischemic heart disease. It is a public health burden for both developed and developing nations, including Ethiopia. Objectives This study is aimed at estimating the time to death among stroke patients at Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 432 patients. The data were collected from stroke patients under follow-up at Jimma University Medical Center from January 1, 2016, to January 30, 2019. A log-rank test was used to compare the survival experiences of different categories of patients. The Cox proportional hazard model and the accelerated failure time model were used to analyze the survival analysis of stroke patients using R software. An Akaike's information criterion was used to compare the fitted models. Results Of the 432 stroke patients followed, 223 (51.6%) experienced the event of death. The median time to death among the patients was 15 days. According to the results of the Weibull accelerated failure time model, the age of patients, atrial fibrillation, alcohol consumption, types of stroke diagnosed, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were found to be the significant prognostic factors that contribute to shorter survival times among stroke patients. Conclusion The Weibull accelerated failure time model better described the time to death of the stroke patients' data set than other distributions used in this study. Patients' age, atrial fibrillation, alcohol consumption, being diagnosed with hemorrhagic types of stroke, having hypertension, and having diabetes mellitus were found to be factors shortening survival time to death for stroke patients. Hence, healthcare professionals need to thoroughly follow the patients who pass risk factors. Moreover, patients need to be educated about lifestyle modifications.