Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Study of Wireless Carrier Authentication for SIM Swaps

We examined the authentication procedures used by ﬁve prepaid wireless carriers when a customer attempted to change their SIM card. These procedures are an important line of defense against attackers who seek to hijack victims’ phone numbers by posing as the victim and calling the carrier to request that service be transferred to a SIM card the attacker possesses. We found that all ﬁve carriers used insecure authentication challenges that could be easily subverted by attackers. We also found that attackers generally only needed to target the most vulnerable authentication challenges, because the rest could be bypassed. Authentication of SIM swap requests presents a classic usability-security trade-off, with carriers underemphasizing security. In an anecdotal evaluation of postpaid accounts at three carriers, presented in Appendix A, we also found—very tentatively—that some carriers may have implemented stronger authentication for postpaid accounts than for prepaid accounts. To quantify the downstream effects of these vulnerabilities, we reverse-engineered the authentication policies of over 140 websites that offer phone-based authentication. We rated the level of vulnerability of users of each website to a SIM swap attack, and have released our ﬁndings as an annotated dataset on issms2fasecure.com . Notably, we found 17 websites on which user accounts can be compromised based on a SIM swap alone, i.e., without a password compromise. We encountered failures in vulnerability disclosure processes that resulted in these vulnerabilities remaining unﬁxed by nine of the 17 companies despite our responsible disclosure. Finally, we analyzed enterprise MFA solutions from three vendors, ﬁnding that two of them give users inadequate control over the security-usability tradeoff.
Occurrence and fate of endocrine disrupting antimicrobial triclocarban in municipal sludge during advanced anaerobic digestion using microwave pretreatment

Potential human and environment health impacts posed by antimicrobials and other emerging contaminants in wastewater sludge are creating challenges for the beneficial reuse or disposal of biosolids. Even though microwave (MW) irradiation has been studied extensively on sludge disintegration and performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) process, no previous studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of MW pretreatment on the fate of the ubiquitous antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) during AD. This study investigated the effect of MW pretreatment on the fate of the TCC that was already present in municipal sludge, during advanced AD under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions. The effects of final MW temperature and holding time configurations were studied employing by ten bench-scale ADs fed with mixed sludge at sludge retention times (SRTs) of 20, 12, and 6 days. TCC and six of its transformation products were analyzed in the total phase of each digesters’ influent and effluent streams. Levels of TCC in the sludge significantly decreased (up to 64%) after MW pretreatment. Advanced AD by high-temperature MW pretreatment (160°C) accomplished an efficient reduction in the effluent TCC biosolids concentrations (up to 65% compared to the control digester). The non-chlorinated carbanilide (transformation product of TCC) was detected and quantified for the first time during conventional and MW-pretreated anaerobic sludge digestion. The formation of carbanilide in biosolids through reductive dechlorination could be an indicative of efficient and complete TCC transformation. This research demonstrated that AD using MW pretreatment could be used to reduce environmental concentrations of TCC in biosolids.
Innovative Approaches in Sports Science—Lexicon-Based Sentiment Analysis as a Tool to Analyze Sports-Related Twitter Communication

Sentiment analysis refers to the algorithmic extraction of subjective information from textual data and—driven by the increasing amount of online communication—has become one of the fastest growing research areas in computer science with applications in several domains. Although sports events such as football matches are accompanied by a huge public interest and large amount of related online communication, social media analysis in general and sentiment analysis in particular are almost unused tools in sports science so far. The present study tests the feasibility of lexicon-based tools of sentiment analysis with regard to football-related textual data on the microblogging platform Twitter. The sentiment of a total of 10,000 tweets with reference to ten top-level football matches was analyzed both manually by human annotators and algorithmically by means of publicly available sentiment analysis tools. Results show that the general sentiment of realistic sets (1000 tweets with a proportion of 60% having the same polarity) can be classified correctly with more than 95% accuracy. The present paper demonstrates that sentiment analysis can be an effective and useful tool for sports-related content and is intended to stimulate the increased use of and discussion on sentiment analysis in sports science.
From Laboratory to Proximal Sensing Spectroscopy for Soil Organic Carbon Estimation—A Review

Rapid and cost-effective soil properties estimations are considered imperative for the monitoring and recording of agricultural soil condition for the implementation of site-specific management practices. Conventional laboratory measurements are costly and time-consuming, and, therefore, cannot be considered appropriate for large datasets. This article reviews laboratory and proximal sensing spectroscopy in the visible and near infrared (VNIR)–short wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region for soil organic carbon and soil organic matter estimation as an alternative to analytical chemistry measurements. The aim of this work is to report the progress made in the last decade on data preprocessing, calibration approaches, and system configurations used for VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy of soil organic carbon and soil organic matter estimation. We present and compare the results of over fifty selective studies and discuss the factors that affect the accuracy of spectroscopic measurements for both laboratory and in situ applications.
The Matthean community’s state of coexistence between Jews and Gentiles

Prof. Dr Shin is participating in the research project, ‘Biblical Theology and Hermeneutics’, directed by Prof. Dr Andries van Aarde, Post Retirement Professor and Senior Research Fellow in the Dean’s Office, Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Pretoria.
Remote Sensing Geomorphology of Akaroa Volcano and Detailed Mapping of Okains Bay, Banks Peninsula, NZ

1 Remote sensing geomorphology of the highly eroded cone of a Miocene composite volcano in 2 conjunction with detailed geologic mapping of a subsequent radial valleys provides insight into the 3 controls on bay geomorphology at Okains Bay and similar valleys on Akaroa Volcano, Banks 4 Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand. Akaroa Volcano is one of two large Miocene volcanoes 5 forming Banks Peninsula. The other volcanic structure, Lyttelton Volcano, has been well studied and 6 is known to be a complex assemblage of basaltic and hawaiite lavas likely originating from over a 7 dozen major eruptive centres. The previous interpretations of Akaroa Volcano consider the structure 8 to be a rapidly formed, singular cone primarily composed of a single, highly variable formation. 9 Digital terrain models (DTM) and primary volcanic features of Akaroa were used to identify 10 10 potential volcanic summits. These summits are associated with distinct sectors of the cone flank and 11 suggest multiple eruptive sequences sourced from separate eruptive centres. The morphology of 12 cone sectors seems to control the location and orientation of large radial valley and ridges, thereby 13 affecting the geomorphology of bays such as Okains Bay. Detailed geologic mapping of Okains Bay 14 does not preclude the findings of remote sensing geomorphic analysis, which suggest the Okains Bay 15 area marks the transition or intersection between two distinct cone sectors. 16 Introduction 17 Akaroa, an extinct and heavily eroded Miocene composite shield volcano, forms the largest 18 portion of Banks Peninsula as the largest and most prominent volcanic feature in the Canterbury 19 Province of New Zealand (Figure 1a). Okains Bay is one of the many radial bays and inlets which ring 20 Akaroa (Figure 1b). Since the first thorough geologic publication on Banks Peninsula by Julius von 21 Haast in 1879, numerous studies have described Akaroa’s structure (Shelley, 1988), stratigraphy 22 (Sewell, 1988), and geochemical history (Stipp & McDougall, 1968; Price & Taylor, 1980; Sewell, 23 1988; Timm et al., 2009; Hartung, 2011). However, much of this research has focused on Akaroa 24 Harbour, leaving most of Akaroa, including Okains Bay, relatively unstudied. Significant work to 25 determine the exact location and extent of lavas, vents, and volcanic features has yet to be 26 completed. Likewise, the factors which control the peninsula’s present morphology, particularly the 27 formation and location of modern bay, are poorly understood. The need for coherent, consolidated 28
Vaping Is Not Safe: A Case of Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia following Cannabis Vapor Inhalation

There is a well-established association between inhalational exposures and acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). The most reported exposure is cigarette smoking. Here, we present a case of progressive shortness of breath and nonproductive cough in a college student with no significant medical history, approximately 10 days after inhaling cannabis aerosols on two separate occasions. He was started on empiric antibiotics and bronchodilators without improvement. He was diagnosed with AEP based on peripheral eosinophilia and high-resolution CT image results. He made rapid recovery on intravenous glucocorticoids. Vaping has gained popularity among young adults mainly due to the perception that it is a safe alternative to smoking. This case shows that there may be a false sense of security with vaping. Vaping poses a yet-to-be quantified public health threat, which requires further studies.
DETERMINANTS OF TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE TEST IN PAYING MOTOR VEHICLE TAX

As one component of provincial taxes, motor vehicle taxes contribute significantly to local revenues. Properly increasing number of vehicles, the chances of the reception area of the motor vehicle tax sector also increased. However, these opportunities are often not followed by the community as a taxpayer compliance in implementing the obligation to pay taxes. In order to encourage tax compliance are a variety of innovative breakthroughs to optimize revenues from motor vehicle tax has been done by the government of West Nusa Tenggara province. This study aimed to obtain evidence regarding the factors that effect taxpayer compliance in paying taxes on motor vehicles. Some of the independent variables are the socialization of taxation, knowledge of taxations, income tax payers, service tax authorities and tax sanctions and on the other side, the dependent variable is the taxpayer compliance. The population is taxpayer motor vehicles registered in SAMSAT Mataram. Samples were taken using incidental method of non-probability sampling. The sample size is calculated by the Slovin formula, which produces 100 respondents. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results showed that simultaneously, socialization of taxation, knowledge of taxations, income taxpayer, service tax authorities, tax sanctions and interaction between knowledge of taxations and socialization of taxations significantly effect on motor vehicle tax compliance. Next, partially knowledge of taxations, service tax authorities, and tax sanctions, positive and significantly effect on taxpayer compliance, while socialization of taxation and income taxpayers are also not significantly positive effect on taxpayer compliance. Lastly, socialization of taxation is not a moderating variable in the relationship between knowledge of taxation and taxpayercompliance. The result showed that the socialization of taxation has not been able to independently to effect taxpayer compliance. This is an important note to the Department of Revenue as tax authorities and leading sector through an office reception area SAMSAT to further improve the socialization of taxation with more effective methods, that information and the message can be received and well understood by taxpayers, so it motivates taxpayers to be more obedient to pay taxes on motor vehicles.
Synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Allium sativum extract and analysis of their antimicrobial property against gram positive bacteria

Plant extract from Allium Sativum extract was used for the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from sodium selenite solution. Selenium nanoparticles characterized by using UV-Visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The selenium nanoparticles synthesized by Allium sativum were observed as hollow and spherical particles in size ranging 8-52nm which is found more stable than two months. Antimicrobial activity of the selenium nanoparticles was performed by well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The selenium nanoparticles synthesized in this process has the efficient antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria.
INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPING ECONOMIES

In April 1998, the RBI, the Indian central bank, formally announced a shift in its policy framework from monetary targeting to a multiple indicator approach, and since then, under this framework, the bank has considered a range of economic and financial variables as policy indicators for drawing policy perspectives. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of this current policy framework in India by analyzing the causal relationships of each indicator variable on the objective variables. The results reveal that, except for bank credit, all indicator variables considered in this study have a causal relationship with at least either output or price level, suggesting that most preannounced economic and financial variables have served as useful policy indicators under the multiple indicator approach.
The perceived usefulness of the Internet to high school learners in Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa

Background: The growth in Internet use has dramatically altered the lives of millions of people around the globe, and it plays a fundamental role in meeting the information and communication needs of learners. The usage of the Internet is a crucial tool for educational progression. Learners use the Internet for various purposes such as social, entertainment and educational activities. Objectives: To investigate the perceived usefulness of the extent of Internet use by Grade 11 learners from selected high schools within Makhuduthamaga Municipality in Limpopo province. Method: A quantitative research method was used, with 264 learners participating in the study. Data were collected through questionnaire surveys. A total of 264 questionnaires were send to the participants and all of them were returned, yielding a 100% response rate, and the data were analysed descriptively. Results: The findings indicated that the Internet was used for various activities – 78.0% (205) using it for learning purposes, 46.5% for communicating with family and friends, 41.0% to update their knowledge, 18.0% for entertainment and 11.0% for news. The findings shed light on the most effective use of the Internet by high school learners, and this implies that schools and policy-makers need to formulate proper ways in which learners can utilise the Internet for their educational activities. Conclusion: The use of the Internet for teaching and learning purposes demonstrated that it has a strong impact on the quality and accessibility of education and academic performance. This study is significant for high schools and policy-makers in understanding the link between the use of the Internet and its usefulness in learners’ education, owing to the fundamental nature of the Internet in the educational environment.
Lexical and referential cues to sentence interpretation: an investigation of children's interpretations of ambiguous sentences

This paper reports on an investigation of children’s (aged 3;5–9;8) comprehension of sentences containing ambiguity of prepositional phrase (PP) attachment. Results from a picture selection study (N=90) showed that children use verb semantics and preposition type to resolve the ambiguity, with older children also showing sensitivity to the definiteness of the object NP as a cue to interpretation. Study 2 investigated threeand five-year-old children’s (N=47) ability to override an instrumental interpretation of ambiguous PPs in order to process attributes of the referential scene. The results showed that while five-year-olds are capable of incorporating aspects of the referential scene into their interpretations, three-year-olds are not as successful. Overall, the results suggest that children are attuned very early to the lexico-semantic co-occurrences that have been shown to aid ambiguity resolution in adults, but that more diffuse cues to interpretation are used only later in development. [*] This research was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award to the first author while a PhD student at La Trobe University, and a postdoctoral fellowship to the first author from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig. We would like to thank Rosy Colville for help in testing for Study 2 and Keith Brown for doing the drawings for Study 1. Thanks also to Jesse Snedeker for helpful comments on the thesis on which some of this paper is based. Address for correspondence : Evan Kidd, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. tel : +44 161 275 2594; fax : +44 161 275 8587; e-mail : evan.j.kidd@ manchester.ac. uk J. Child Lang. 32 (2005), 855–876. f 2005 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0305000905007051 Printed in the United Kingdom
Gender Differences in Students’ Adoption of Homosexuality in Selected Public Universities in Kenya

Homosexuality is a behavior involving sexual attraction between people of the same sex. Homosexuality is a problem in universities and complaints of its existence in universities have been raised and some university students have even declared publicly about their sexual orientation. The study aimed at determining gender differences in students‟ adoption of homosexuality in selected public universities in Kenya. The study was carried out among third year undergraduate students in selected public universities in Kenya. These universities were Egerton University, Moi University, University of Eldoret and University of Kabianga. Third year undergraduate students were chosen because they had been in the university for long and may have developed some perception towards the factors influencing adoption of homosexuality. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The accessible population was 12,300 third year undergraduate students. Out of this population, a sample of 225 was selected through stratified random sampling and simple random sampling. The study also included a sample of 40 peer counselors and 4 university counselors from the four universities who were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection instruments were questionnaire, an interview schedule and a focus group discussion guide. The findings revealed that gender differences in students‟ adoption of homosexuality do not exist. The study recommends that measures on how best to handle homosexuality issues should be targeted at all students because homosexuality cuts across gender.
Effects of Smoking Methods on Quality, Microbial, and Chemical Safety of Traditional Smoked Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus)

The effects of smoking methods on quality, microbial and chemical safety of traditional smoked silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from twenty processing centers from Lagos State, Nigeria were investigated. Fresh silver catfish (100 samples) were obtained from processing centers and samples were divided into two batches, one batch was smoked with a drum kiln and the second batch was smoked with a convective smoking kiln at the Fish Hatchery Unit, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta and smoked samples were analyzed in the laboratory. Laboratory analyses were carried out on the two batches for proximate, rancidity indices (PV, TBA, TVBN, TMA, and pH), heavy metals and microbiological (Coliform, Fungi, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella paratyphi and Staphylococcus aureus). The results revealed that the proximate, quality, microbiological, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metal concentrations of the smoked samples were significantly (p<0.05) different. The concentrations of the six major PAHs in the drum smoked fish samples exceeded the EU maximum level of 5.0g/kg for BαP permissible in smoked fish. While convective smoked fish samples showed levels below 3.51g BαP/kg. The study also showed that the levels of the four heavy metals investigated in the smoked fish samples are below the maximum permissible levels set by WHO. LC count of fresh silver catfish was 1.9 x 10 2 cfu/g and that of drum smoked samples was 4.0 x 10 cfu/g while convective smoked fish samples contain no strain of Listeria monocytogenes. The study concluded that traditional drum smoked fish contained high PAHs and contamination by Listeria monocytogenes and this may expose consumers to chemical and microbial risks. (
Impact of Family Influence on Top Management Team in Family Businesses: A Path-Analytic Study on Automotive Parts Industry in Turkey

The research tested the hypothesized relationships among family influence, behavioral integration, professionalization and succession planning of the top management team, market dynamism and firm performance. Thus, this study also examines variation in family and non-family executives’ perception of research variables. The automotive parts manufacturing industry (i.e., automotive supplier industry) in Turkey is the target research field in this study since the majority of the firms are family-owned and -operated. The results of the study indicated a positive relationship among culture (values & loyalty, involvement & commitment) based family influence, top management team behavioral integration and firm performance. A positive impact of collaborative behavior based top management team behavioral integration on top management team succession planning by means of strategic goals and core competencies were found. Another finding was the positive impact of corporate values – based top management team succession planning on top management team professionalization. Further, there was a significant perceptual difference between family and non-family executives about the degree of professionalization. Finally, there was a significant difference in the hypothesized relationships among overall, family, and non-family executives.