Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
$\varepsilon$-Kronecker and $I_{0}$ sets in abelian groups, II: sparseness of products of $\varepsilon$-Kronecker sets

A subset $E$ of the locally compact abelian group $\Gamma$ is “$\varepsilon$-Kronecker” if every continuous function from $E$ to the unit circle can be uniformly approximated on $E$ by a character with error less than $\varepsilon$. The set $E\subset \Gamma$ is $I_0$ if every bounded function on $E$ can be interpolated by the Fourier Stieltjes transform of a discrete measure on the dual group. We show that products (sums) of $\varepsilon$-Kronecker sets can be all of the group if the number of terms is sufficiently large, but are shown to be $U_0$ sets (sets of uniqueness in the weak sense) if the number is small. Results about cluster points of products are extended from Hadamard to $\varepsilon$-Kronecker sets. One consequence of that is that finite unions of translates of a fixed $\varepsilon$-Kronecker set are $I_0$.
Detection of pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila from two rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Peru

Abstract Fish farms are one of the principal food industries located in peri-urban and rural communities that use available resources to ensure the quality of their products. However, trout can suffer from bacterial infections affecting the sector and being a key component of human health risk. We aimed to identify and characterize Enterobacteriaceae in 46 trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in two fish farms in Lima, Peru. Adult trouts older than seven weeks (> 200 grams weight) were included. Cultures were performed in duplicate (n=192 trials) with swabs from the squamous surface and visceral cavity. The isolates were identified with the Vitek® 2 Compact system, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were interpreted with the CLSI VET 03-A guide. At El Molino and El Angelito fish farms, 66 (68.8%) and 57 (59.4%) isolates were obtained. The most frequently isolated species were Escherichia coli (56.8%), Proteus sp. (4.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.6%). E. coli was present in all sampling areas, and Aeromonas hydrophila was only present in one open viscera sample at El Angelito fish farm. A. hydrophila showed antibiotic resistance to Ampicillin/Sulbactam (≥32 MIC), Oxytetracycline (>8 MIC), Imipenem (8 MIC), Levofloxacin (>8 MIC), and Ceftazidime (≥64 MIC). Our results suggest the presence of multi-resistant A. hydrophila in O. mykiss. Further studies are needed to understand the developmental context of A. hydrophila, which is crucial to the food industry, aquaculture and public health.
The Role of Different Types of Creditors on Zombie Firm Creation

Despite the key role of trade creditors as sources of finance, the literature on their impact on the proliferation of zombie firms is rare. This study examines whether suppliers, such as banks, engage in “evergreen” lending to zombie firms and whether their behavior differs from that of banks. We found that highly productive, larger and younger firms are less likely to become zombie firms. The behavior of suppliers is, in fact, different from that of banks; they are indeed more cautious in lending to zombie firms. Unlike suppliers, banks seem to have contributed to the rise of resource misallocation, a key explanation for the productivity slowdown in the new century.
Improving the Sustainability of Confirmed Traffic in LoRaWANs Through an Adaptive Congestion Scheme

The scalability of long-range wide area networks (LoRaWANs) is known to be very sensitive to the presence of traffic from gateways (GWs) to end devices (downlink (DL) traffic). The protocol supports confirmed traffic, for which DL traffic is generated in the form of acknowledgments (ACKs). Research has shown that even a limited number of ACKs quickly cause network congestion, negatively impacting scalability. This article introduces a mechanism, the adaptive congestion scheme (ACS), which aims to monitor the congestion caused by DL traffic and take steps to reduce it. Currently, the ACS supports one counteraction in the form of a newly developed algorithm called groupedPackets (also introduced in this article). This algorithm reduces the number of sent confirmed packets by requesting that confirmed nodes (nodes that only send confirmed traffic) aggregate their application packets. Simulations showed that this algorithm improved the successful delivery of both unconfirmed traffic and confirmed traffic. When traffic volumes are low, the algorithm has a minimal impact, but at high network packet arrival rates (higher than 0.1 pkt/s), the successful delivery of especially confirmed traffic increased significantly.
The importance of endogenously secreted GLP-1 and GIP for postprandial glucose tolerance and β-cell function after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy surgery.

Enhanced secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) seems to be essential for improved postprandial β-cell function after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) but is less studied after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Moreover, the role of the other major incretin hormone, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), is relatively unexplored after bariatric surgery. We studied the effects of separate and combined GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and GIP receptor (GIPR) blockade during mixed meal tests in unoperated (CON), SG-operated, and RYGB-operated people with no history of diabetes. Postprandial GLP-1 concentrations were highest after RYGB but also higher after SG compared with CON. In contrast, postprandial GIP concentrations were lowest after RYGB. The effect of GLP-1R versus GIPR blockade differed between groups. GLP-1R blockade reduced β-cell glucose sensitivity and increased or tended to increase postprandial glucose responses in the surgical groups but had no effect in CON. GIPR blockade reduced β-cell glucose sensitivity and increased or tended to increase postprandial glucose responses in the CON and SG groups but had no effect in the RYGB group. Our results support that GIP is the most important incretin hormone in unoperated people, whereas GLP-1 and GIP are equally important after SG, and GLP-1 is the most important incretin hormone after RYGB.
Awareness of esophageal cancer among the adult population in Arar city, Saudi Arabia

Background : Early detection of cancer and better health seeking behavior depend on cancer awareness. Lack of awareness may result in a slow adoption of screening techniques and delayed diagnosis. Objectives : To assess the awareness of esophageal cancers (EC) risk factors, protective factors and symptoms among the general population in Arar city, northern Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: Descriptive cross sectional study design was conducted included 385 participants using self-administered questionnaire. Results : The study included 385 participants, their mean age 31±10.2 years old. The highest percentage of the respondents reported that smoking is risk factors for EC (83.9%) weight loss reported by more than half of the participants (56.9%) as a symptom of EC. The majority of the participants mentioned that early detection of EC decreases the mortality associated with it. Conclusion: Although Saud is citizens in the city of Arar are relatively well aware of the risk and protective factors of EC, the prevalence of the disease in Saudi Arabia is high.
Dynamics of the Ferroelectric Phase Transition in 18O-exchanged SrTiO3 Studied by Raman Scattering

Ferroelectric phase transition of 18O-exchanged SrTiO3 (STO18) was investigated by Raman scattering as a function of the isotope exchange rate x. The result reasonably indicates the existence of the ideal soft mode-type quantum ferroelectric phase transition in STO18. In the vicinity of the critical concentration (xc = 33%), the coexistence of the paraelectric and ferroelectric regions was newly found, in drastic contrast to the homogeneous ferroelectric phase transition in the strongly exchanged STO18, whose x is sufficiently larger than xc. Near xc, the softening of the soft mode shows unusual rounding as a result of the coexistence. The present result indicates novel phase transition nature in the quantum ferroelectric phase transition of STO18, where dynamic heterogeneity plays an essential role.
Density limits in TEXTOR-94 auxiliary heated discharges

In a tokamak plasma the maximum achievable density is limited. A too high density will result in a violent end of a discharge. Two types of density limit disruption can be distinguished: (a) impure and moderately heated discharges, if the radiative power exceeds the input power, (b) clean, auxiliary heated discharges, where the Greenwald limit is encountered. It has been found that in TEXTOR-94 these two density limits differ by the radiative instability in the plasma boundary, which preceeds the disruption. A symmetric radiative mantle and a detachment are observed prior to the first type, while the Greenwald limit has a MARFE precursor. Control of the impurity content, edge and recycling properties prevents the growth of the MARFE and makes it possible to exceed the Greenwald limit in TEXTOR-94 by more than a factor of 2. High densities have been obtained by means of normal gas feed. Maximum central densities of ne(0) = 1.3 × 1020 m-3 have been obtained. The maximum achievable density scales with the input power and plasma current. Non-disruptive discharges, with a stationary (t > 25 τE) density a factor of 1.93 above the Greenwald limit have been produced in L mode. The radiative losses and impurity concentration have been maintained at a relatively low level during the entire high density phase.
Influence of Channel‐Spanning Engineered Logjam Structures on Channel Hydrodynamics

Nature‐based solutions to flood risk management, such as engineered logjams (ELJs), contribute to the reintroduction of wood in rivers. As part of stream restoration, and utilized in tributaries, ELJs increase upstream water levels, causing the flow to spill onto surrounding floodplains, resulting in the desynchronization of peak flows in a river network. To understand the effect of ELJs on local river hydrodynamics, we experimentally investigate the flow field upstream and downstream of six ELJs, using acoustic Doppler velocimetry and flow visualization. We consider channel‐spanning structures designed with a gap (b0) underneath, allowing unhindered baseflow. Our results revealed that upstream of the logjams, flow diverted toward the lower gap, creating a primary jet exiting underneath the structures, whose strength depends on the physical logjam design. Maximum jet velocities remained constant until a downstream distance of 4b0 for all logjams. The upper wake was structure‐dependent, with logjam structures allowing distinct internal flow paths generating secondary jets, which influenced near wake decay (x < 4b0) and turbulent mixing. The highest turbulence in the near wake was found for the non‐porous and short, porous logjam designs, while the upper wake of all long, porous logjams was characterized by low turbulent kinetic energy levels. Far wake decay (x > 4b0) was self‐similar for all logjams and resulted in near flow recovery at downstream streamwise distances greater than 35b0. ELJs are likely to enhance bed shear stress, increasing the risk of local scour and sediment mobilization. Our study expands the current knowledge of ELJ hydrodynamics and highlights potential implications for the riverine ecosystem.
Supplementary comparison EURAMET.QM-S4: automotive gas mixtures

The capabilities for the preparation of certified reference materials of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and propane in nitrogen have been compared. The participating national metrology institutes each submitted a gravimetrically prepared gas mixture of a specified target composition typical for the automotive industry to the coordinating laboratory. All mixtures were analyzed by the coordinating laboratory using a gas chromatograph equipped with a thermal conductivity detector in three runs under repeatable conditions. Based on the calibration curve, reference values were assigned to the amount fractions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and propane. The degrees of equivalence were established as the difference between the gas composition as calculated from preparation and the measured one, and its associated uncertainty. All participants obtained satisfactory results. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm. org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by EURAMET, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
Examining the Determinants of Continuance Intention to Use Mobile Payment Service

Innovation in finance and advances in payment sytems are very important to boost remittances and encourage the successful development of electronic businesses around the world. Thus, many leading companies use mobile payment services to improve the customer experience of their customers. This study aims to identify the factors that influence consumers to continue using mobile payment in Indonesia. Several influencing factors include Service Quality, Perceived Ease of Use, Security, Perceived Usefulness, and Trust. This research was conducted in Madiun City, one of the big cities in Indonesia, with a total of 176 respondents. The study results can help mobile payment companies understand factors that are relevant to increasing volume usage in the context of merchants. The findings of this research is Continuance Intention influenced by Trust. Trust is significantly influenced by the independent variables such as Service Quality, Perceived Ease of Use, Security, and Perceived Usefulness. However, perceived risk has no significant effect on continuance intention. Therefore, mobile Payment service providers should be able to implement action plans related to the quality of their services, user experience to customers, security of an application, and the functions and features implemented by a Mobile Payment. Hopefully those things will generate trust in customers to continue to use Mobile Payment services.
The Factors and Relationships Influencing Forest Hiking Exercise Characteristics after COVID-19 Occurrence: At Seoul Metropolitan Area and in Hikers’ 20s and 30s

The growing interest and usage of green space during the pandemic relates to why greenery increases enjoyment of daily life and alleviates troubles arising from infectious periods. However, it is necessary to understand what reactions to the degree of COVID-19’s spread were expressed in hiking exercise characteristics (hiking frequency, actual movement distance, average speed, total exercise time). To understand the progress of forest usage behavior during the pandemic, we analyzed factors influencing hiking exercise characteristics and relationships between those factors and hiking exercise characteristics. Hiking record data were obtained (2019–2020) from the workout app “Tranggle” pertaining to hikers in their 20s and 30s who visited the 13 mountains in the Seoul Metropolitan Area most frequently. The differences in hiking exercise characteristics (2019 data subtracted from 2020) were linked with factor data that could be related to them, including the degree of COVID-19’s spread (Rt). To explore relationships between hiking exercise characteristics and factors, we developed four models with a linear mixed model. We found that Rt, week, weekdays/weekends, and PM10 contributed to explaining the hiking exercise characteristics’ differences. As a result of this analysis, the degree of COVID-19’s spread (Rt) affected hiking frequency; the week affected hiking frequency and actual movement distance; weekdays or weekends affected hiking frequency, actual movement distance, average speed, and total exercise time; and PM10 affected hiking frequency. These findings indicate that hiking was an alternative way for those looking for a new strategy to replace lost opportunities for physical activity. Therefore, we conclude that it is necessary to induce the usage of green space so that many people can take advantage of the functions and benefits of greenery, which stood out during the pandemic era.
Dynamic Processes in Be Star Atmospheres. V. Helium Line Emissions from the Outer Atmosphere of λ Eridani

The He I lines of the mild B2e star λ Eri often exhibit rapid, small-amplitude emissions that can occur at random places in their photospheric lines, even when the star is in a “nonemission state. ” New simultaneous observations of the triplet λ5876 and singlet λ6678 lines show that the emission ratio for these lines is near unity, contrary to the predictions of either non-LTE model atmospheres or nebular recombination theory. Several He I emission events point to the formation of short-lived structures near the star's surface. On 1995 September 12 the line λ6678 exhibited a strong (0.13Icont) emission lasting some 20 minutes. The rapid decay of this feature implies a density of ≥1011.5 cm-3 for an emitting plasma structure near the star. This value is consistent with density estimates for slabs which may be responsible for ephemeral “dimples” in this star's He I lines on other occasions. We argue that photospheric helium emissions during Hα-quiescent phases are caused by foreground material and ask what mechanism might produce these features against the stellar background. To answer this question we have simulated He I line emission from model slabs having various properties and suspended over the star. We find that illumination by a source of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) or X-ray flux depletes the He I column density so that it is difficult to form observable He I lines. A more interesting set of conditions occur for slabs with high densities (~1012 cm-3) and moderately large optical thicknesses in optical He I lines. Under these modified assumptions modest amounts of emission can be reproduced in singlet and triplet lines, and in the observed ratio. The key to producing this emission is for the slab to feel its own Lyman continuum radiation. This condition causes λ584 and other resonance lines to partially depopulate the ground state and to overpopulate the first few excited levels, ensuring that the departure coefficients of relevant atomic levels approach common values. The second necessary ingredient is a high density, which tends to equalize the departure coefficients of excited levels through recombinations and through redistribution of electrons among the l-sublevels. The combination is a kind of “Lyman-pumped recombination” because it relies on the Lyman continuum being marginally optically thick. Our results are consistent with studies of He I emission from planetary nebulae, symbiotic variables, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and may have a bearing on other “detached atmospheres” problems as well. This study appears to be the first application of such a recombination mechanism to a quasi-photospheric setting.
A climatology of low‐level jets in the mid‐latitudes and polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere

A wintertime climatology of the occurrence and characteristics of low‐level jets (LLJs) in the Northern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes and polar regions was developed. A LLJ detection algorithm was applied to 11 years of Arctic system reanalysis data. The highest occurrence of LLJs was associated with strong gradients in topography and with the sea‐ice edge. Sea areas fully covered with sea ice also favoured the occurrence of LLJs, however, these areas, including the central Arctic, had fewer LLJs than along the sea‐ice edge. LLJs also occurred frequently in the seldom studied Sea of Okhotsk area.
Rhus coriaria L. ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in diabetic rats by interference with LRP2 receptor expression and P53/TNF-α downregulation

Background: An antidiabetic potential has long been reported for Rhus coriaria L . (sumac) and recent studies have proven a curative leverage against GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Aim of the work: The current study hypothesized a possible LRP2 expression modulatory effect, as an ameliorative mechanism, produced by sumac in GM-induced nephrotoxicity in diabetic rats. Material and methods: Forty-two male albino rats were subdivided into control, sumac alone (orally for 14 days), DM (STZ, streptozotocin, single, intravenous), GM (intraperitoneal, once daily for 7 days), DM/GM, and DM/GM+sumac groups. Twenty-Four hrs after the last treat-ment, blood sampling was done for laboratory analysis of blood glucose, urea, and creatinine. The kidneys were harvested and subjected to RT-PCR quantification of LRP2 ( megalin ) mRNA levels, Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical assaying for P53, TNF-α, and megalin. Results : Diabetic rats showed altered biochemical and histological changes which increased in the GM alone group and showed more serious tubular and glomerular injury in GM/DM group associated with significant elevation of the renal functions, upregulation of megalin gene/protein expression, in addition to increased P53 and TNF-α immunoexpression. Sumac treatment down-regulated megalin gene/protein expression, coupled with regulation of P53 and TNF-α expression and maintenance of the renal functions. Conclusion :
Relationship between Remittances and Economic Growth in Bangladesh: An Econometric Study

In Bangladesh, remittances have increased sharply over the last 20 years and amount since 2008 to over 10 percent of GDP. While remittances can foster growth and development as well as prevent balance of payment crises, they can also have a negative impact on growth if used for conspicuous consumption or unproductively. Recipients of remittance can become highly dependent on the easy money, causing them to reduce their efforts and or their participation in the labor market, which would affect economic growth negatively. In this paper an attempt is made to analyze the impact of remittances on economic growth in the Bangladeshi economy, using time series econometric techniques, specifically, the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework.
Hierarchical Information Integration Applied to Residential Choice Behavior

The method of hierarchical information integration can be applied to the study of complex decision-making processes in which preference formation is influenced by many attributes of choice alternatives. In this paper, we extend Louviere's (1984) original approach to include the modeling choice processes in addition to judgment processes. Assumptions underlying the original and our extension are discussed and the new method is applied in an analysis of residential choice behavior.
Verification of high‐resolution real‐time forecasts over the Alpine region during the MAP SOP

An analysis is presented of the MM5 high‐resolution operational weather forecasts performed during the Special Observing Period (SOP) of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP). The domain‐averaged model biases of both surface pressure and 2 m temperature suggest MM5 shortcomings related to the surface temperature cycle. The root mean square errors (r.m.s.e.s) for temperature, wind and relative humidity at two different levels and for several forecast times support this finding. The model results show difficulties in forecasting the 2 m temperature during periods of fair weather; furthermore, a few difficulties are found in forecasting the minimum of the temperature for regions under strong marine influence, such as Baleari station. The equitable threat score (ETS), for a few selected IOPs (Intensive Observing Periods) having precipitation over the Po Valley, is used together with the areal distribution of the r.m.s.e. s to evaluate the MM5 at high resolution over the Alpine region. The results show reasonable skill in this region when the model is used in the high‐resolution mode. The ETS using only the stations over the mountains or the plains, suggests a better model skill in the mountain areas than in the valley; whereas the r.m.s.e. s show an MM5 tendency to produce larger errors on the eastern side of the Po Valley than on the western side.