Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazolines as intercalative Topo II inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies

Fifteen quinazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized as DNA intercalators. The cytotoxicity of the designed members was assessed against HCT-116 and HepG2 cancer cell lines. In addition, the topoisomerase II (Topo II) inhibitory effect was assessed. Compound 16 was the most cytotoxic and Topo II inhibitor with low cytotoxicity against Vero cells. Compounds 16, 17, and 18 showed significant DNA binding affinities. Compound 16 showed Topo II catalytic inhibitory effect at a concentration of 10 μM. Further mechanistic investigations revealed the capability of compound 16 to induce apoptosis in HCT-116 cells and arrest the growth at the S and G2/M phases. Also, compound 16 showed a significant increase in the level of BAX (2.18-fold) and a marked decrease in the level of Bcl-2 (1.9-fold) compared to the control cells. In silico studies revealed the ability of the synthesized members to bind to the DNA-Topo II complex.
Distinct cytokine profiles in malaria coinfections: A systematic review

Background Few data exist on the distinct cytokine profiles of individuals with malaria coinfections and other diseases. This study focuses on data collation of distinct cytokine profiles between individuals with malaria coinfections and monoinfections to provide evidence for further diagnostic or prognostic studies. Methods We searched five medical databases, including Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid, and Scopus, for articles on cytokines in malaria coinfections published from January 1, 1983 to May 3, 2022, after which the distinct cytokine patterns between malaria coinfection and monoinfection were illustrated in heat maps. Results Preliminary searches identified 2127 articles, of which 34 were included in the systematic review. Distinct cytokine profiles in malaria coinfections with bacteremia; HIV; HBV; dengue; filariasis; intestinal parasites; and schistosomiasis were tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1 receptor antagonist (Ra), IL-4, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17; TNF, IL-1Ra, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL11, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF); TNF, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, CCL2; IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, G-CSF; IL-1Ra, IL-10, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10; TNF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10; and TNF, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, CXCL8, respectively. Conclusion This systematic review provides information on distinct cytokine profiles of malaria coinfections and malaria monoinfections. Further studies should investigate whether specific cytokines for each coinfection type could serve as essential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for malaria coinfections.
Short-term Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines (Astrazeneca, Sputnik-V, and Sinopharm) in Health Care Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

Background: The occurrence of side effects of vaccines plays an important role in their acceptance by people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (Sputnik-V, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm) in Neyshabur health care workers (HCWs). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among the HCWs of the Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences from July 31, 2021, to September 6, 2021, by using a self-report checklist. We sent our checklist via an internet link to collect data such as demographic data of participants, previous COVID-19 infection (PCR+), vaccine information and side effects of vaccines. Mean, median and standard deviation were used to determine descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model was also used to determine the relationship between the type of vaccine and its side effects. Results: 317 participants filled out the checklist; among them 47% (N= 149), 21.14% (N= 67), and 31.86% (N= 101) have been vaccinated with Sputnik-V, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm, respectively. The percentage of side effects after the first dose was 62.15% (N= 197). The Percentage of local side effects was 76% (N= 241) and systemic side effects were 29.36% (N= 95). The most common side effects in all three vaccines were injection site pain (75.08%, N= 240), muscle pain (62.46%, N=198) and headache (52.05%, N=165). Also, the odds ratio of injection site pain, chill and sweating in those who received the AstraZeneca vaccine was 3.9(95% CI, 1.7-9.3), 3.7 (95% CI, 1.8-7.3), and 3.2 (95% CI, 1.7-63), of those who received the Sputnik V vaccine (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The most common side effects among our participants were injection site pain, muscle pain, and headache. Most of the post-vaccination side effects are mild to moderate in severity and self-limited. Reported side effects were more common in recipients with AstraZeneca than in those with Sputnik-V and Sinopharm.
Does Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Have Negative Effects on Hearing?

Introduction: The our aim was to research the occurrence of hearing loss associated with the effect of hypoxemia on inner ear structures owing to sleep apnea syndrome and to designate the timely signs of cochlear injury. Materials and Methods: Participants diagnosed with probable sleep-disordered breathing among 63 patients, who experienced polysomnographic examination, were unexcluded in the present study. Control and study groups were structured in four groups pursuant to the apnea-hypopnea index and an intergroup comparison of audiometric parameters was performed. Accordingly, the apnea-hypopnea index, speech discrimination scores, speech recognition thresholds, and pure tone thresholds were compared. Results: A comparison of the obstructive sleep apnea groups by the degree of hearing loss indicated that there were significant differences by the average pure tone audiometry, average speech recognition thresholds, and average speech discrimination scores in both ears between the four groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the study proposed that intermittent hypoxemia due to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome might have adverse effects on both the speech discrimination and hearing.
Human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis and malaria service readiness at the primary healthcare centers in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Introduction access to services encompasses three components: availability, affordability, and acceptability. The physical presence of service delivery, which includes health infrastructure, core health staff, and aspects of service use, is referred to as service availability. This study was conducted to inform the health service availability and preparedness to deliver HIV, TB, and malaria prevention and control services in Ekiti State. Methods this is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among all the Primary Health Centres (177) in Ekiti State Nigeria between August and October 2020. Data were collected with the use of the World Health Organization Service Availability and Readiness Assessment tool and were analyzed using STATA SE 12. Results close to half (49%) of them had a condom in supply. More than 90% of them provided diagnosis and treatment of malaria. The HIV-specific service readiness index was approximately 40/0%. Only 26.6% of health facilities were ready to offer TB prevention and control services. Malaria specific service readiness index was 61.9%. There was a statistically significant difference in the HIV and TB-specific service readiness of facilities in the urban compared to rural locations. Health facilities located in the urban areas had higher mean readiness scores compared to those in the other residential areas (P=0.014). Conclusion it is evident that HIV and TB-specific service readiness is very poor among PHCs in Ekiti State. Malaria Service Readiness was fair. Ekiti State government needs to expand investments in PHCs by strengthening the diagnostic services, commodities and medicine supply, adequate equipment and staff training.
Prevalence of birth injuries and associated factors among newborns delivered in public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Crossectional study

Background Birth injury is harm that a baby suffers during the entire birth process. It includes both birth asphyxia and birth trauma. In Ethiopia, birth injury has become the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, accounting around 28%-31.6% of neonatal mortality. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with birth injuries among newborns delivered in public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 15th to April 20th, 2021 in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Random sampling and systematic random sampling were used. Data was entered by using Epi data version 4.0. 2 and exported in to SPSS Software version 25 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions analyses were used. Finally P-value <0.05 was used to claim statistically significant. Result The prevalence of birth injury was 24.7%. In the final model, birth asphyxia was significantly associated with the short height of the mothers (AOR = 10.7, 95% CI: 3.59–32.4), intrapartal fetal distress (AOR = 4.74, 95% CI: 1.81–12.4), cord prolapse (AOR = 7.7. 95% CI: 1.45–34.0), tight nuchal cord (AOR = 9.2. 95% CI: 4.9–35.3), birth attended by residents (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.68), male sex (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.30–11.3) and low birth weight (AOR = 5.28, 95% CI: 1.58–17.6). Whereas, birth trauma was significantly associated with gestational diabetic mellitus (AOR = 5.01, 95% CI: 1.38–18.1), prolonged duration of labor (AOR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.52–9.20), instrumental delivery (AOR = 10.6, 95% CI: 3.45–32.7) and night time birth (AOR = 4.82, 95% CI: 1.84–12.6). Conclusion The prevalence of birth injury among newborns has continued to increases and become life-threatening issue in the delivery and neonatal intensive care unit in the study area. Therefore, considering the prevailing factors, robust effort has to be made to optimize the quality obstetric care and follow up and emergency obstetrics team has to be strengthened to reduce the prevalence of birth injury.
Prolate spheroidal models for predicting general trends of fish target strength

General trends of the target strength of fish or other organisms are investigated by using prolate spheroidal scattering models. The soft spheroid is taken as the model of the swim bladder of fish, and the liquid spheroid for the fish body without bladder. Backscattering amplitudes are calculated for the spheroids with typical physical parameters of actual fish. They are shown as the frequency and size dependences, the backscattering patterns, and the density and sound speed dependences. These results are compared with experimentally observed target strengths of sardine, mackerel, krill, etc. A good agreement was found. The dorsal-aspect target strength of bladder fish shows little frequency dependence and is approximately proportional to the squared body length. Almost all the backscattered energy is attributed to the bladder. The target strength of the fish or organisms without a bladder is very small. Their swimming orientation and physical parameters of the body considerably affect the scattering to cause variability in the target strength.
Predictors of methamphetamine use in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Czechia.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify predictors of the lifetime prevalence of methamphetamine use in the population of Czech disadvantaged neighbourhoods. METHODS Using data from a face-to-face representative survey, two types of analysis were performed. A bivariate analysis (unadjusted odds ratios estimated with logistic regression) was conducted to determine the relationship with a dependent variable (lifetime prevalence of methamphetamine use). Subsequently, three multivariate binomial logistic regression models (socio-demographic and socioeconomic status, incarceration and victimization, mobility and space) were conducted to control for the influence of other variables. RESULTS In a series of multinomial logit models, we have found the following predictors to be significantly associated with lifetime prevalence of methamphetamine use: age, gender, Roma ethnicity, net monthly household income, unstable housing, lifetime experience with incarceration, lifetime experience with discrimination, urban-rural divide, and index of rural peripheralization. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that methamphetamine users are multidimensionally disadvantaged and therefore constitute a vulnerable group with specific needs. This should be considered when designing services and policies targeting methamphetamine use in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.
Identification, Estimation, and Testing in Parametric Empirical Models of Auctions within the Independent Private Values Paradigm

Recent advances in the application of game theory to the study of auctions have spawned a growing empirical literature involving both experimental and field data. In this paper, we focus on four different mechanisms (the Dutch, English, first-price sealed-bid, and Vickrey auctions) within one of the most commonly used theoretical models (the independent private values paradigm) to investigate issues of identification, estimation, and testing in parametric structural econometric models of auctions.
The visual size is enough to automatically induce the potentiation of grasping behaviours

Seeing objects usually grasped with a power or a precision grip (e.g., an apple vs a cherry) potentiates power- and precision-grip responses, respectively. An embodied account suggests that this effect occurs because object conceptual representations would lie on a motor simulation process. A new account, named the size-coding account, argues that this effect could be rather due to an overlapping of size codes used to represent both manipulable objects and response options. In this article, we investigate whether this potentiation effect could be merely due to a low-level visual feature that favours a size-coding of stimuli: the visual size in which objects are presented. Accordingly, we conducted two experiments in which we presented highly elementary and non-graspable stimuli (i.e., ink spots) either large or small rather than graspable objects. Our results showed that the mere visual size automatically potentiates power- and precision-grip responses that are in line with the size-coding account of the potentiation effect of grasping behaviours. Moreover, these results appeal to improve the methodological control of the size of stimuli especially when researchers try to support the embodied account.
Protective effect of dendropanoxide against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity via anti-inflammatory activities in Sprague-Dawley rats

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the body through contaminated foods or water and causes pathological damage to the liver via oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. This study was conducted to explore the effects of dendropanoxide (DPx) on Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with CdCl2 (7 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally for 14 days for the induction of liver dysfunction. The CdCl2-exposed rats were subjected to DPx (10 mg/kg) or silymarin (50 mg/kg). The animals were euthanized after 24 h of the last CdCl2 injection and the serum biochemical parameters, lipid content, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, apoptotic cell death and histopathology of the tissues were analyzed. Additionally, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), was measured. Compared to controls, Cd-injected rats showed significantly elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a remarkable decrease in SOD and CAT activities. Importantly, Cd-induced liver damage was drastically ameliorated by treatment with DPx or silymarin. Treatment with DPx protected the Cd-induced histopathological hepatic injury, as confirmed by the evaluation of TUNEL assay. DPx treatment significantly reduced Bax and caspase-3 expression in Cd-injected rats. Additionally, HO-1 and NRF2 expressions were significantly increased after DPx administration in the liver of Cd-injected rats. Our data indicate that DPx successfully prevents Cd-induced hepatotoxicity by emphasizing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. Graphical Abstract
Dependence of power losses on peak magnetization and magnetization frequency in grain-oriented and non-oriented 3% SiFe

By using a recently developed theoretical model, which takes into proper account on a statistical basis the contributions to energy dissipation deriving from microscopic magnetization processes, a general loss expression is obtained, which permits one to compute total power losses, just knowing two parameters. These can easily be derived from a d.c. and a 50 Hz loss measurements in GO 3% SiFe, or from a single d.c. loss value and from the average grain size in NO 3%SiFe. The equation is used to compute total losses between d.c. and 100 Hz for peak inductions variable between 0.1 and 1.7 T in GO and NO laminations. Calculated losses are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental measurements performed on the studied materials over the same wide ranges of frequencies and peak inductions.
Neuron-oligodendrocyte potassium shuttling at nodes of Ranvier protects against inflammatory demyelination

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Increasing evidence suggests that vulnerable neurons in MS exhibit fatal metabolic exhaustion over time, a phenomenon hypothesized to be caused by chronic hyperexcitability. Axonal Kv7 (outward-rectifying) and oligodendroglial Kir4.1 (inward-rectifying) potassium channels have important roles in regulating neuronal excitability at and around the nodes of Ranvier. Here, we studied the spatial and functional relationship between neuronal Kv7 and oligodendroglial Kir4.1 channels and assessed the transcriptional and functional signatures of cortical and retinal projection neurons under physiological and inflammatory demyelinating conditions. We found that both channels became dysregulated in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), with Kir4.1 channels being chronically downregulated and Kv7 channel subunits being transiently upregulated during inflammatory demyelination. Further, we observed that pharmacological Kv7 channel opening with retigabine reduced neuronal hyperexcitability in human and EAE neurons, improved clinical EAE signs, and rescued neuronal pathology in oligodendrocyte–Kir4.1–deficient (OL-Kir4.1–deficient) mice. In summary, our findings indicate that neuron-OL compensatory interactions promoted resilience through Kv7 and Kir4.1 channels and identify pharmacological activation of nodal Kv7 channels as a neuroprotective strategy against inflammatory demyelination.
The Food4Years Ageing Network: Improving foods and diets as a strategy for supporting quality of life, independence and healthspan in older adults

Abstract By 2050, it is predicted that one in four people in the United Kingdom will be aged 65 years and over. Increases in lifespan are not always translated into years spent in good health. Incidence rates for chronic diseases are increasing, with treatments allowing people to live longer with their disease. There is good evidence to support changes to lifestyle to maintain or improve body composition, cognitive health, musculoskeletal health, immune function and vascular health in older adults. Much research has been done in this area, which has produced significant support for foods and nutrients that contribute to improved healthspan. Yet two major barriers remain: firstly, older adult consumers are not meeting current UK recommendations for macro‐ and micronutrients that could benefit health and quality of life and secondly, the UK‐specific recommendations may not be sufficient to support the ageing population, particularly for nutrients with key physiological roles. More work is needed to improve intakes of specific foods, diets and nutrients by older adults, through a variety of mechanisms including (i) development of specific food products; (ii) improved clarity of information and (iii) appropriate marketing, and policy changes to enable incentives. The Food4Years Ageing Network aims to build a wide‐reaching and multidisciplinary community that is committed to the development, integration and communication of healthy, affordable foods and specific diets for all older adults across the UK food landscape. The Network will identify evidence‐based strategies for improving food intake and nutrition in older adults, paving the way to “living well while living longer. ”
Spectrum of human Pasteurella species infections in tropical Australia

Background Acquired zoonotic infections with Pasteurella bacterial species have a wide clinical spectrum of disease from invasive infections to localised bite-wound infections. Methods This study reviewed the spectrum of the demographic, clinical, temporal, and microbiological trends of laboratory confirmed Pasteurella species infections presenting to a single-centre tropical tertiary hospital over a twenty-year period. Results 195 episodes from 190 patients were included. 51.3% patients were female, and 20.5% Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander peoples. Crude incidence of Pasteurella spp. infections increased from 1.5 per 100,000 population in 2000, to 11.4 per 100,000 population in 2021. There were 22 (11.3%) bloodstream infections, 22 (11.3%) invasive, 34 (17.4%) deep local, 98 (50.2%) superficial infections, and 19 (9.7%) other or unknown. Adults over 65 years of age accounted for the majority of bacteraemias (63.7%). More severe infections, including bacteraemia, invasive and deep local infections, were more common in lower limb infections and in those with underlying comorbidities. Animal contact with cats was more common in bloodstream infections (36.4%), but dog bites more common in invasive, deep local and superficial infections. 30-day all-cause mortality was low at 1.0%. Pasteurella multocida was most commonly identified (61.1%), but P. canis, P. dagmatis, and other Pasteurella infections were also noted. 67.7% of specimens were polymicrobial, with other significant organisms being Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Group G Streptococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion Pasteurella species remain clinically important pathogens, with the ability to cause severe and invasive infections with associated morbidity. Presentations to hospital are becoming more common, and the polymicrobial nature of bites wounds has implications for empiric antibiotic guidelines.