Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Urban Canopy Models against Near-Surface Measurements in Houston during a Strong Frontal Passage

Urban canopy models (UCMs) in mesoscale numerical weather prediction models need evaluation to understand biases in urban environments under a range of conditions. The authors evaluate a new drag formula in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model’s multilayer UCM, the Building Effect Parameterization combined with the Building Energy Model (BEP+BEM), against both in-situ measurements in the urban environment as well as simulations with a simple bulk scheme and BEP+BEM using the old drag formula. The new drag formula varies with building packing density, while the old drag formula is constant. The case study is a strong cold frontal passage that occurred in Houston during the winter of 2017, causing high winds. It is found that both BEP+BEM simulations have lower peak wind speeds, consistent with near-surface measurements, while the bulk simulation has winds that are too strong. The constant-drag BEP+BEM simulation has a near-zero wind speed bias, while the new-drag simulation has a negative bias. Although the focus is on the impact of drag on the urban wind speeds, both BEP+BEM simulations have larger negative biases in the near-surface temperature than the bulk-scheme simulation. Reasons for the different performances are discussed.
Fully remote intensive trauma-focused treatment for PTSD and Complex PTSD

ABSTRACT Background: It is unknown whether remotely delivered intensive trauma-focused therapy not only is an effective treatment for PTSD, but also for Complex PTSD. Objective: Testing the hypothesis that a brief, fully remotely administered intensive trauma-focused treatment programme for individuals with PTSD and Complex PTSD would be safe, and associated with a significant decline of the corresponding symptoms and diagnostic status. Method: The treatment sample consisted of 73 consecutive patients diagnosed with PTSD according to the CAPS-5. According to the ITQ (n = 70) 33 (47.1%) patients also fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of Complex PTSD. The 4-day treatment programme contained a combination of prolonged exposure, EMDR therapy, physical activities and psycho-education. Treatment response was measured using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5), the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) for classifying Complex PTSD and indexing disturbances in self-organization (DSO). Results: Overall CAPS-5, PCL-5, and ITQ-DSO scores decreased significantly from pre- to post-treatment (Cohen’s ds 2.12, 1.59, and 1.18, respectively), while the decrease was maintained to six months follow-up. At post-treatment, 60 patients (82.2%) no longer met the diagnostic criteria of PTSD, while the proportion of patients with Complex PTSD decreased from 47.1% to 10.1%. No drop out, and no personal adverse events occurred. Conclusions: The results support the notion that intensive, trauma-focused treatment is feasible, safe and associated with a large decrease in PTSD and Complex PTSD symptoms, even when it is brief, and applied fully remote. HIGHLIGHTS Second study to examine the effectiveness of a fully remote intensive trauma-focused treatment for PTSD and Complex PTSD. Significant decrease of DSO symptoms. Over 80 percent of the patients no longer met the diagnostic criteria of PTSD and Complex PTSD following treatment.
Iogenic Plasma and its Rotation-Driven Transport in Jupiter's Magnetosphere

Model calculations are reported for the Iogenic plasma source created by atomic oxygen and sulfur above Io's exobase in the corona and extended clouds (Outer Region). On a circumplanetary scale, two-dimensional distributions produced by integrating the proper three dimensional rate information for electron impact and charge exchange processes along the magnetic field lines are presented for the pickup ion rates, the net-mass and total-mass loading rates, the mass per unit magnetic flux rate, the pickup conductivity, the radial pickup current, and the net-energy loading rate for the plasma torus. All of the two-dimensional distributions are highly peaked at Io's location and hence highly asymmetric about Jupiter. The Iogenic plasma source is also calculated on a much smaller near-Io scale to investigate the structure of the highly peak rates centered about lo's instantaneous location. The Iogenic plasma source for the Inner Region (pickup rates produced below Io's exobase) is, however, expected to be the dominant source near lo for the formation of the plasma torus ribbon and to be a comparable source, if not a larger contributor, to the energy budget of the plasma torus, so as to provide the necessary power to sustain the plasma torus radiative loss rate.
Injective hulls of simple modules over some noetherian rings

We study the following finiteness property of a left Noetherian ring R: (⋄) The injective hulls of simple left R-modules are locally Artinian. We consider property (⋄) for two main classes of rings. First we consider the nilpotent Lie superalgebras, motivated partly by a result of Musson on the enveloping algebras of finite dimensional solvable-but-not-nilpotent Lie algebras, which says that such an enveloping algebra does not have property (⋄). We address the question of which nilpotent Lie algebras have property (⋄), and give an answer in a slightly more general context of Lie superalgebras. We obtain a complete characterization of finite dimensional nilpotent Lie superalgebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero, whose enveloping algebras have property (⋄). Next we study property (⋄) for differential operator rings S = k[x][y;δ]. We give sufficient conditions for some simple left S-modules to have non-Artinian cyclic essential extensions. This is then combined with results of Awami, Van den Bergh, and van Oystaeyen, and of Alev and Dumas on the classification of skew polynomial rings to obtain a full characterization of skew polynomial rings S = k[x][y;σ,δ] which have property (⋄). We also consider the stable torsion theories in connection with property (⋄) for Noetherian rings. In particular, we show that a Noetherian ring R has property (⋄) if and only if the Dickson torsion theory on R-Mod is stable. We then use this connection to obtain sufficient conditions for a Noetherian ring to have property (⋄), and therefore obtain new examples of rings with property (⋄).
Efficient Production of the PET Radionuclide 133La for Theranostic Purposes in Targeted Alpha Therapy Using the 134Ba(p,2n)133La Reaction

Targeted Alpha Therapy is a research field of highest interest in specialized radionuclide therapy. Over the last decades, several alpha-emitting radionuclides have entered and left research topics towards their clinical translation. Especially, 225Ac provides all necessary physical and chemical properties for a successful clinical application, which has already been shown by [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617. While PSMA-617 carries the DOTA moiety as the complexing agent, the chelator macropa as a macrocyclic alternative provides even more beneficial properties regarding labeling and complex stability in vivo. Lanthanum-133 is an excellent positron-emitting diagnostic lanthanide to radiolabel macropa-functionalized therapeutics since 133La forms a perfectly matched theranostic pair of radionuclides with the therapeutic radionuclide 225Ac, which itself can optimally be complexed by macropa as well. 133La was thus produced by cyclotron-based proton irradiation of an enriched 134Ba target. The target (30 mg of [134Ba]BaCO3) was irradiated for 60 min at 22 MeV and 10–15 µA beam current. Irradiation side products in the raw target solution were identified and quantified: 135La (0.4%), 135mBa (0.03%), 133mBa (0.01%), and 133Ba (0.0004%). The subsequent workup and anion-exchange-based product purification process took approx. 30 min and led to a total amount of (1.2–1.8) GBq (decay-corrected to end of bombardment) of 133La, formulated as [133La]LaCl3. After the complete decay of 133La, a remainder of ca. 4 kBq of long-lived 133Ba per 100 MBq of 133La was detected and rated as uncritical regarding personal dose and waste management. Subsequent radiolabeling was successfully performed with previously published macropa-derived PSMA inhibitors at a micromolar range (quantitative labeling at 1 µM) and evaluated by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC analyses. The scale-up to radioactivity amounts that are needed for clinical application purposes would be easy to achieve by increasing target mass, beam current, and irradiation time to produce 133La of high radionuclide purity (>99.5%) regarding labeling properties and side products.
Keck Adaptive Optics Imaging of Nearby Young Stars: Detection of Close Multiple Systems

Using adaptive optics on the Keck II 10 m telescope on Mauna Kea, we have surveyed 24 of the nearest young stars known in search of close companions. Our sample includes members of the MBM 12 and TW Hydrae young associations and the classical T Tauri binary UY Aurigae in the Taurus star-forming region. We present relative photometry and accurate astrometry for 10 close multiple systems. The multiplicity frequency in the TW Hydrae and MBM 12 groups are high in comparison to other young regions, although the significance of this result is low because of the small number statistics. We resolve S18 into a triple system, including a tight 63 mas (projected separation of 17 AU at a distance of 275 pc) binary, for the first time, with a hierarchical configuration reminiscent of VW Chamaeleontis and T Tauri. Another tight binary in our sample—TWA 5Aab (54 mas or 3 AU at 55 pc)—offers the prospect of dynamical mass measurement using astrometric observations within a few years and thus could be important for testing pre–main-sequence evolutionary models. Our observations confirm with 9 σ confidence that the brown dwarf TWA 5B is bound to TWA 5A. We find that the flux ratio of UY Aur has changed dramatically, by more than a magnitude in the H band, possibly as a result of variable extinction. With the smaller flux difference, the system may once again become detectable as an optical binary, as it was at the time of its discovery in 1944. Taken together, our results demonstrate that adaptive optics on large telescopes is a powerful tool for detecting tight companions and thus exploring the frequency and configurations of close multiple systems.
Journalistic Roles and News Framing: A Comparative Framing Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic Across China, South Korea, and the United States

Drawing on the latest Worlds of Journalism report, this study identifies the perceived roles of Chinese, Korean, and American journalists and examines the relationship between these role perceptions and the news frames used during COVID-19. Among the various frames, we looked at which frame was used more in each country (frame prevalence) and how those frames were used (framing valence). Based on a content analysis of the news articles ( N = 749), we found that Chinese journalists were more likely to use a frame that reassures people but less likely to emphasize uncertainty or conflict. Although South Korean and American journalists share similar role perceptions, Korean journalists used significantly fewer conflict and uncertainty frames than American journalists. When using consequence and action frames, Chinese media was more likely than Korean and American media to present stories positively. The implications of the findings are discussed. while the differences between Xinhua and Yonhap are not significant. The results suggest that the proportion of articles using the reassurance frame is significantly higher in Xinhua than in Yonhap ( Xinhua - Yonhap : χ 2 = 17.15, p <.001) and AP ( χ 2 = 50.34, p < .001). Therefore, H2 (the uncertainty frame will be presented more often in the United States and South Korea than in China) is partially supported, and H3 (the reassurance frame will be presented more often in China than in South Korea or the United States) is supported. is also supported. The results show that the frame valence of action is significantly more positive in Xinhua ( M = 0.43, SD = 0.60) than in Yonhap ( M = 0.02,
Many worlds? : Everett, quantum theory, and reality

Many Worlds: an Introduction 1. WHY MANY WORLDS? 1. Decoherence and Ontology 2. Quasiclassical Realms 3. Macroscopic Superpositions, Decoherent Histories, and the Emergence of Hydrodynamical Behaviour 2. PROBLEMS WITH ONTOLOGY 4. Can the world be only wavefunction? 5. A metaphysician looks at the Everett interpretation Commentary. Reply to Hawthorne: Physics Before Metaphysics Transcript 1: ontology 3. PROBABILITY IN THE EVERETT INTERPRETATION 6. Chance in the Everett interpretation 7. A Scandal of Probability Theory 8. How to prove the Born rule 9. Everett and Evidence 4. CRITICAL REPLIES 10. One World versus Many: the Inadequacy of Everettian Accounts of Evolution, Probability, and Scientific Confirmation 11. Probability in the Everett picture 12. Decisions, Decisions, Decisions: Can Savage Salvage Everettian Probability? Transcript 2: Probability 5. ALTERNATIVES TO MANY WORLDS 13. Decoherence, Einselection, Envariance, and Quantum Darwinism: From Relative States to the Existential Interpretation 14. Two dogmas about quantum mechanics Commentary: Rabid Dogma? Comments on Bub and Pitowsky 15. The Principal Principle and Probability in the Many-Worlds interpretation 16. Pilot-wave theory: many worlds in denial? Commentary: Reply to Valentini 6. NOT ONLY MANY WORLDS 17. Everett and Wheeler, the Untold Story 18. Apart from universes 19. Many Worlds in Context 20. Time Symmetry and the Many-Worlds Interpretation Transcript 3: Not (only) many worlds Bibliography
Variation of Parameters and the Renormalization Group Method

This paper presents a straightforward procedure for using Renormalization Group methods to solve a significant variety of perturbation problems, including some that result from applying a nonlinear version of variation of parameters. A regular perturbation procedure typically provides asymptotic solutions valid for bounded t values as a positive parameter ε tends to zero. One can eliminate secular terms by introducing a slowly‐varying amplitude obtained as a solution of an amplitude equation on intervals where εt is bounded. With sufficient stability hypotheses, the results may even hold for all t≥0 . These ideas are illustrated for a number of nontrivial problems involving ordinary differential equations.
A slender body approach to nonlinear bow waves

The behaviour of the flow near the bow of a slender ship is studied. The fluid is assumed to be perfect and incompressible and the flow to be irrotational. The formalism of matched asymptotic expansion is used to provide a consistent perturbation procedure for the simplification of the initial problem. The resulting nonlinear free surface problem describing the flow in the inner domain close to the bow is solved numerically. Examples of solutions are given for the flows around a wedge shaped bow and a prismatic planing hull.
Progress in Multilingual Speech Recognition for Low Resource Languages Kurmanji Kurdish, Cree and Inuktut

This contribution presents our efforts to develop the automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for three low resource languages: Kurmanji Kurdish, Cree and Inuktut. As a first step, we generate multilingual models from acoustic training data from 12 different languages in the hybrid DNN/HMM framework. We explore different strategies for combining the phones from different languages: either keep the phone labels separate for each language or merge the common phones. For Kurmanji Kurdish and Inuktut, keeping the phones separate gives much lower word error rate (WER), while merging phones gives lower WER for Cree. These WER are lower than training the acoustic models separately for each language. We also compare two different DNN architectures: factored time delay neural network (TDNN-F), and bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) acoustic models. The TDNN-F acoustic models give significantly lower WER for Kurmanji Kurdish and Cree, while BLSTM acoustic models give significantly lower WER for Inuktut. We also show that for each language, training multilingual acoustic models by one more epoch with acoustic data from that language reduces the WER significantly. We also added 512-dimensional embedding features from cross-lingual pre-trained wav2vec2.0 XLSR-53 models, but they lead to only a small reduction in WER.
Heterogeneous Agglomeration Economies in the Developing Countries The Roles of Firm Characteristics, Sector Tradability, and Urban Mobility

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. By We examine whether the ability firms on externalities by tradability or by size and all interactions simultaneously in the regression. Our results suggest that
Bounding the first invariant eigenvalue of toric K\"ahler manifolds

We generalise a theorem of Engman and Abreu--Freitas on the first invariant eigenvalue of non-negatively curved $S^{1}$-invariant metrics on $\mathbb{CP}^{1}$ to general toric K\"ahler metrics with non-negative scalar curvature. In particular, a simple upper bound of the first non-zero invariant eigenvalue for such metrics on complex projective space $\mathbb{C}P^{n}$ is exhibited. We derive an analogous bound in the case when the metric is extremal and a detailed study is made of the accuracy of the bound in the case of Calabi's extremal metrics on $\mathbb{C}P^{2}\sharp -\mathbb{C}P^{2}$.
Seroprevalence and factors associated with bovine brucellosis in Pinar del Río province, Cuba

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and identify risk factors for brucellosis in Pinar del Río province, Cuba. A cross-sectional study was performed based on the results of the epidemiological surveillance programme. Geospatial distribution was analyzed by calculating the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) at the municipality level. In addition, the association between diagnostic results and factors such as the productive system, sex and age groups (<12, 12-24, 25-36, >36 months) was assessed. A total of 12 760 blood samples were processed and 113 were positive; thus, the estimated seroprevalence in the province Cátedra was 0.89% (95 % CI 0.74-1.06). The disease was present in three out of eight municipalities in the province (Los Palacios, Consolación del Sur and Pinar del Río), although only in Los Palacios the prevalence was significantly higher than that expected: 2.40 (1.30-3.28). Furthermore, the prevalence ratio in animals younger than 12 months was 8.33 (1.41-49.42) times higher than in animals between 12 and 24 months of age. In conclusion, the municipality of origin and age category are relevant factors that should be considered by the health authorities to design disease control strategies in the province.
1 Study protocol for the development and internal validation of SPIRIT (Schizophrenia Prediction of Resistance to Treatment): A clinical tool for predicting risk of treatment resistance to anti-psychotics in First Episode Schizophrenia.

Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS) is associated with significant impairment of functioning and high treatment costs. Identification of patients at high risk of TRS at their initial diagnosis may significantly improve clinical outcomes and minimize social and functional disability. We aim to develop a prognostic model for predicting the risk of TRS in patients with First Episode Schizophrenia, and to examine its potential utility and acceptability as a clinical decision tool. We will use two well-characterised UK-based first episode psychosis cohorts: AESOP-10 and GAP for which data has been collected on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We will identify candidate predictors for the model based on current literature and stakeholder consultation. Model development will use all data, with the number of candidate predictors restricted according to available sample size and event rate. A model for predicting risk of TRS will be developed based on penalised regression, with missing data handled using multiple imputation. Internal validation will be undertaken via bootstrapping, obtaining optimism-adjusted estimates of the model’s performance. The clinical utility of the model in terms of clinically relevant risk thresholds will be evaluated using net benefit and decision curves (comparative to competing strategies). Consultation with patients and clinical stakeholders will determine potential thresholds of risk for treatment decision making. The acceptability of embedding the model as a clinical tool will be explored using focus groups with clinicians in early intervention services.
Multi-Period Mean Expected-Shortfall Strategies: ‘Cut Your Losses and Ride Your Gains’

Dynamic mean-variance (MV) optimal strategies are inherently contrarian. Following periods of strong equity returns, there is a tendency to de-risk the portfolio by shifting into risk-free investments. On the other hand, if the portfolio still has some equity exposure, the weight on equities will increase following stretches of poor equity returns. This is essentially due to using variance as a risk measure, which penalizes both upside and downside deviations relative to a satiation point. As an alternative, we propose a dynamic trading strategy based on an expected wealth (EW), expected shortfall (ES) objective function. ES is defined as the mean of the worst β fraction of the outcomes, hence the EW-ES objective directly targets left tail risk. We use stochastic control methods to determine the optimal trading strategy. Our numerical method allows us to impose realistic constraints: no leverage, no shorting, infrequent rebalancing. For 5 year investment horizons, this strategy generates an annualized alpha of 180 bps compared to a 60:40 stock-bond constant weight policy. Bootstrap resampling with historical data shows that these results are robust to parametric model misspecification. The optimal EW-ES strategy is generally a momentum-type policy, in contrast to the contrarian MV optimal strategy.