Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joint offloading and resource allocation for computation and communication in mobile cloud with computing access point

We consider a general multi-user mobile cloud computing system with a computing access point (CAP), where each mobile user has multiple independent tasks that may be processed locally, at the CAP, or at a remote cloud server. The CAP serves both as the network access gateway and a computation service provider to the mobile users. We aim to jointly optimize the offloading decisions of all users' tasks as well as the allocation of computation and communication resources, to minimize the overall cost of energy, computation, and delay for all users. This problem is NP-hard in general. We propose an efficient three-step algorithm comprising of semidefinite relaxation (SDR), alternating optimization (AO), and sequential tuning (ST). It is shown to always compute a locally optimal solution, and give nearly optimal performance under a wide range of parameter settings. Through evaluating the performance of different combinations of the three components of this SDR-AO-ST algorithm, we provide insights into their roles and contributions in the overall solution. We further compare the performance of SDR-AO-ST against a lower bound to the minimum cost, purely local processing, purely cloud processing, and hybrid local-cloud processing without using the CAP. Our numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in the joint management of computation and communication resources in mobile cloud computing systems with a CAP.
DAGViz: a DAG visualization tool for analyzing task-parallel program traces

In task-based parallel programming, programmers can expose logical parallelism of their programs by creating fine-grained tasks at arbitrary places in their code. All other burdens in the parallel execution of these tasks such as thread management, task scheduling, and load balancing are handled automatically by runtime systems. This kind of parallel programming model has been conceived as a promising paradigm that brings intricate parallel programming techniques to a larger audience of programmers because of its high programmability. There have been many languages (e.g., OpenMP, Cilk Plus) and libraries (e.g, Intel TBB, Qthreads, MassiveThreads) supporting task parallelism. However, the nondeterministic nature of task parallel execution which hides runtime scheduling mechanisms from programmers has made it difficult for programmers to understand the cause of suboptimal performance of their programs. As an effort to tackle this problem, and also to clarify differences between task parallel runtime systems, we have developed a toolset that captures and visualizes the trace of an execution of a task parallel program in the form of a directed acyclic graph (DAG). A computation DAG of a task parallel program's run is extracted automatically by our lightweight portable wrapper around all five systems which incurs no intervention into the target systems' code. The DAG is stored in a file and then visualized to analyze performance. We leverage the hierarchical structure of the DAG to enhance the DAG file format and DAG visualization, and make them manageable even with a huge DAG of arbitrarily large numbers of nodes. This DAG visualization provides a task-centric view of the program, which is different from other popular visualizations such as thread-centric timeline visualization and code-centric hotspots analysis. Besides, DAGViz also provides an additional timeline visualization which is constructed by individual nodes of the DAG, and is useful in coordinating user attention to low-parallelism areas on the DAG. We demonstrate usefulness of our DAG visualizations in some case studies. We expect to build other kinds of effective visualizations based on this computation DAG in future work, and make DAGViz an effective tool supporting the process of analyzing task parallel performance and developing scheduling algorithms for task parallel runtime schedulers.
Segmentation of black and white cartoons

We introduce novel semi-automatic, fast and accurate segmentation technique that allow us to simplify color transfer to the old black and white cartoons produced by classical paper or foil technology, where foreground parts are represented by homogeneous regions with constant grey-scale intensity surrounded by bold dark contours. We assume that original analogue material has been converted to the sequence of digital grey-scale images with PAL resolution suitable for TV broadcasting.
On the asymptotic relative efficiency of distributed detection schemes

The asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE) of two centralized detection schemes has proved useful in large-sample-size and weak-signal performance analysis. In the paper, ARE is applied to some distributed detection cases which use counting (k out of N) fusion rules. In such cases one finds that ARE generally depends on the power of the tests which can make its application difficult. This dependence turns out to be relatively weak in the cases considered and the ARE is reasonably well approximated by the limit of the ARE as the detection probability approaches the false alarm probability. This approximation should be useful for distributed cases. Some specific results provide the best counting fusion rules for cases with identical sensor detectors if one uses asymptotically large observation sample sizes at each sensor. These results indicate that for false alarm probabilities of less than 0.5, OR rules are generally never optimum. <<ETX>>
Probing the Eclipse of J0737–3039A with Scintillation

We have examined the interstellar scintillations of the pulsars in the double-pulsar binary system. Near the time of the eclipse of pulsar A by the magnetosphere of B, the scintillations from both pulsars should be highly correlated because the radiation is passing through the same interstellar plasma. We report confirmation of this effect using 820 and 1400 MHz observations made with the Green Bank Telescope. The correlation allows us to constrain the projected relative position of the two pulsars at closest approach to be 4000 ± 2000 km, corresponding to an inclination that is only 0. °29 ± 0. °14 away from 90°. It also produces a two-dimensional map of the spatial correlation of the interstellar scintillation. This shows that the interstellar medium in the direction of the pulsars is significantly anisotropic. When this anisotropy is included in the orbital fitting, the transverse velocity of the center of mass is reduced from the previously published value of 141 ± 8.5 km s-1 to 66 ± 15 km s-1.
Multi-Domain Collaborative Filtering

Collaborative filtering is an effective recommendation approach in which the preference of a user on an item is predicted based on the preferences of other users with similar interests. A big challenge in using collaborative filtering methods is the data sparsity problem which often arises because each user typically only rates very few items and hence the rating matrix is extremely sparse. In this paper, we address this problem by considering multiple collaborative filtering tasks in different domains simultaneously and exploiting the relationships between domains. We refer to it as a multi-domain collaborative filtering (MCF) problem. To solve the MCF problem, we propose a probabilistic framework which uses probabilistic matrix factorization to model the rating problem in each domain and allows the knowledge to be adaptively transferred across different domains by automatically learning the correlation between domains. We also introduce the link function for different domains to correct their biases. Experiments conducted on several real-world applications demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods when compared with some representative methods.
The Bateman gradient and the cause of sexual selection in a sex–role–reversed pipefish

As a conspicuous evolutionary mechanism, sexual selection has received much attention from theorists and empiricists. Although the importance of the mating system to sexual selection has long been appreciated, the precise relationship remains obscure. In a classic experimental study based on parentage assessment using visible genetic markers, more than 50 years ago A. J. Bateman proposed that the cause of sexual selection in Drosophila is ‘the stronger correlation, in males (relative to females), between number of mates and fertility (number of progeny)’. Half a century later, molecular genetic techniques for assigning parentage now permit mirror–image experimental tests of the ‘Bateman gradient’ using sex–role–reversed species. Here we show that, in the male–pregnant pipefish Syngnathus typhle, females exhibit a stronger positive association between number of mates and fertility than do males and that this relationship responds in the predicted fashion to changes in the adult sex ratio. These findings give empirical support to the idea that the relationship between mating success and number of progeny, as characterized by the Bateman gradient, is a central feature of the genetic mating system affecting the strength and direction of sexual selection.
The basis for germline specificity of the hobo transposable element in Drosophila melanogaster.

Previous results suggested that the hobo transposable element is active predominantly in the germline of Drosophila. We investigate germline restriction of hobo transposition by testing in vitro modified elements for their ability to mobilize marked elements in vivo. Although intact hobo elements are germline specific, an hsp70 promoter‐hobo transposase fusion is active in the soma. Analysis of the hsp70‐promoted transcript does not provide evidence for splicing. Moreover, the hobo promoter confers germline bias to a highly sensitive reporter, delta 2‐3 P transposase. These results indicate that hobo transposition is germline specific due to regulation of transposase production at the level of transcription. Thus, although hobo is similar to the P transposable element in organization and tissue specificity, it differs in the underlying mechanism governing germline specific activity.
Shape and Animation by Example

The magic of computer graphics as seen in many current movies and computergames comes at a cost.Creating the geometric forms with which to generatesynthetic characters and animating the characters to bring them to life requireseither highly skilled artists and/or sophisticated capture devices.Both are ex-pensive and, in the case of highly skilled artists, rare.This paper discusses anddemonstrates a methodology to automatically create new shapes and anima-tions from existing geometric forms and motions.Our approach diﬀers fromprevious work by allowing for extrapolation and interpolation between multipleforms as well as motions.In addition, our methodology is eﬃcient enough to beused in an interactive runtime setting.The paradigm presented here is one of
> Replace This Line with Your Paper Identification Number (double-click Here to Edit) < a Comparison of Local vs. Sensory, Input- Driven, Wide Area Reactive Power Control

— In the evolution of wide area measurement systems (WAMS) to wide area control systems (WACS), several subsystems can be considered. One such subsystem to be considered under WACS is shunt capacitor switching strategies to provide reactive power support. Many shunt capacitors are operated using local voltage control, but WACS controlled shunt capaci-tors are operated remotely using a system wide strategy. A WACS control of capacitor switching is proposed based on indices that assess bus voltage magnitude and complex line flows. The switching scheme which produces operationally acceptable bus voltage magnitudes or line power flows, or a combination of the two phenomena, is used for global control of reactive power support. The differences between WACS and local control are illustrated utilizing the IEEE 57 bus system as a test bed. A strategy based on the grouping of capacitors for WACS control is illustrated and compared to local control. Results show that WACS has better results when the number of bus voltage magnitudes out of range and total system losses are considered as assessment measures of control effectiveness.
XIAP Protection of Photoreceptors in Animal Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa

Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a blinding genetic disorder that is caused by the death of photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer of the retina. To date, 39 different genetic loci have been associated with the disease, and 28 mutated genes have been identified. Despite the complexity of the underlying genetic basis for RP, the final common pathway is photoreceptor cell death via apoptosis. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, P23H and S334ter rhodopsin transgenic rat models of RP were used to test the neuroprotective effects of anti-apoptotic gene therapy. Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) carrying the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) were delivered subretinally into the eye of transgenic rat pups. Histological and functional measures were used to assess neuroprotection. XIAP is known to block apoptosis by inhibiting the action of caspases-3, -7 and -9. The results show that XIAP gene therapy provides long-term neuroprotection of photoreceptors at both structural and functional levels. Conclusions/Significance Our gene therapy strategy targets the apoptotic cascade, which is the final common pathway in all forms of retinitis pigmentosa. This strategy holds great promise for the treatment of RP, as it allows for the broad protection of photoreceptors, regardless of the initial disease causing mutation.
Utilization of general practitioner services in New Zealand and its relationship with income, ethnicity and government subsidy

The New Zealand primary care system involves user part-charges for general practitioner (GP) care. This study explores the relationship between the use of GP services in New Zealand and government subsidies, income and ethnicity. The study used the 1996/97 New Zealand Health Survey dataset, a nationally representative household survey of health status and health service utilization. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the likelihood of visiting the GP at least once in 12 months, and the likelihood of frequent visits (at least six visits in 12 months). Adjustment was made for health need (as indicated by global self-reported health status and a number of specific disease and health-related behaviour measures), together with a range of other relevant demographic and socio-economic variables. Following these adjustments, low-income groups and Mäori were found to be significantly less likely to visit the GP at least once in the year, but there were no significant differences across income or ethnic groups in the likelihood of frequent visits. These results suggest that the system of low-income targeted government subsidies reduces, but does not fully compensate for the barrier posed by doctors' fees. Moreover, there appear to be barriers for indigenous groups, in addition to income.
Drugs-Related Death Soon after Hospital-Discharge among Drug Treatment Clients in Scotland: Record Linkage, Validation, and Investigation of Risk-Factors

We validate that the 28 days after hospital-discharge are high-risk for drugs-related death (DRD) among drug users in Scotland and investigate key risk-factors for DRDs soon after hospital-discharge. Using data from an anonymous linkage of hospitalisation and death records to the Scottish Drugs Misuse Database (SDMD), including over 98,000 individuals registered for drug treatment during 1 April 1996 to 31 March 2010 with 705,538 person-years, 173,107 hospital-stays, and 2,523 DRDs. Time-at-risk of DRD was categorised as: during hospitalization, within 28 days, 29–90 days, 91 days–1 year, >1 year since most recent hospital discharge versus ‘never admitted’. Factors of interest were: having ever injected, misuse of alcohol, length of hospital-stay (0–1 versus 2+ days), and main discharge-diagnosis. We confirm SDMD clients’ high DRD-rate soon after hospital-discharge in 2006–2010. DRD-rate in the 28 days after hospital-discharge did not vary by length of hospital-stay but was significantly higher for clients who had ever-injected versus otherwise. Three leading discharge-diagnoses accounted for only 150/290 DRDs in the 28 days after hospital-discharge, but ever-injectors for 222/290. Hospital-discharge remains a period of increased DRD-vulnerability in 2006–2010, as in 1996–2006, especially for those with a history of injecting.
False Recall Does Not Increase When Words are Presented in a Gender-Congruent Voice

We investigated how false recall of words might be affected by the consistency of the gender of the person speaking the words with the gender of the person listening to the words. Ninety-eight college students listened to eight 15-item word lists presented in a male or female voice. A non-presented lure word was associated with all the presented words on each list. Participants recalled a mean of 3.30 (SD = 1.83) non-presented lure words out of eight possible, for a false recall rate of 41%. False recall was not significantly affected by either speaker gender or listener gender. Contrary to the hypothesis, no interaction was observed between the gender of the speaker and the gender of the listener.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prolonged QTc Interval among Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the risk factors of prolonged QTc interval among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. The retrospective study included 3156 outpatients from the Diabetes Centre, the 306th Hospital of PLA, during the period from September 2003 to June 2010. QT interval was measured manually in the 12-lead conventional electrocardiogram. The QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) was calculated using Bazett's formula. Additional demographic and laboratory data were also collected. Potential risk factors of prolonged QTc interval were assessed using multivariable regression. Results. The prevalence of prolonged QTc interval among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes was 30.1%. Height (OR 0.156, 95% CI 0.032~0.748), waist circumference (OR 1.025, 95% CI 1.010~1.040), diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.007~1.026), postprandial glucose (OR 1.040, 95% CI 1.022~1.059), fasting insulin (OR 1.014, 95% CI 1.003~1.025), and presence of microalbuminuria (OR 1.266, 95% CI 1.033~1.551) were significant risk factors. Conclusions. The prevalence of prolonged QTc interval among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes is high. Risk factors for prolongation of QTc interval were low height, high waist circumference, increasing diastolic blood pressure levels, high postprandial glucose levels, high fasting insulin levels, and presence of microalbuminuria.
Parameter Estimation in Longitudinal Studies with Outcome‐Dependent Follow‐Up

Summary. In many observational studies, individuals are measured repeatedly over time, although not necessarily at a set of prespecified occasions. Instead, individuals may be measured at irregular intervals, with those having a history of poorer health outcomes being measured with somewhat greater frequency and regularity; i.e., those individuals with poorer health outcomes may have more frequent follow‐up measurements and the intervals between their repeated measurements may be shorter. In this article, we consider estimation of regression parameters in models for longitudinal data where the follow‐up times are not fixed by design but can depend on previous outcomes. In particular, we focus on general linear models for longitudinal data where the repeated measures are assumed to have a multivariate Gaussian distribution. We consider assumptions regarding the follow‐up time process that result in the likelihood function separating into two components: one for the follow‐up time process, the other for the outcome process. The practical implication of this separation is that the former process can be ignored when making likelihood‐based inferences about the latter; i.e., maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the regression parameters relating the mean of the longitudinal outcomes to covariates does not require that a model for the distribution of follow‐up times be specified. As a result, standard statistical software, e.g., SAS PROC MIXED (Littell et al., 1996, SAS System for Mixed Models), can be used to analyze the data. However, we also demonstrate that misspecification of the model for the covariance among the repeated measures will, in general, result in regression parameter estimates that are biased. Furthermore, results of a simulation study indicate that the potential bias due to misspecification of the covariance can be quite considerable in this setting. Finally, we illustrate these results using data from a longitudinal observational study (Lipshultz et al., 1995, New England Journal of Medicine332, 1738–1743) that explored the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin chemotherapy for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.
Factors associated with DSM-5 severity level ratings for autism spectrum disorder

The newest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., DSM-5) introduced substantial changes to the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder, including new severity level ratings for social communication and restricted and repetitive behavior domains. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of these new severity ratings and to examine their relation to other measures of severity and clinical features. Participants included 248 children with autism spectrum disorder who received diagnostic evaluations at one of six Autism Treatment Network sites. Higher severity ratings in both domains were associated with younger age, lower intelligence quotient, and greater Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule–Second Edition domain-specific symptom severity. Greater restricted and repetitive behavior severity was associated with higher parent-reported stereotyped behaviors. Severity ratings were not associated with emotional or behavioral problems. The new DSM-5 severity ratings in both domains were significantly associated with behavioral observations of autism severity but not with measures of other behavioral or emotional symptoms. However, the strong associations between intelligence quotient and DSM-5 severity ratings in both domains suggest that clinicians may be including cognitive functioning in their overall determination of severity. Further research is needed to examine clinician decision-making and interpretation of these specifiers.
Conservation and Divergence of the Yeast and Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response

Yeast Hac1 (yHac1), the transcription factor that binds and activates the unfolded protein response element of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-chaperone gene promoters, only accumulates in stressed cells after an unconventional splicesosome-free mRNA processing step and escape from translation block. In determining whether the novel regulatory mechanisms for yHac1 are conserved in mammalian cells, we discovered a unique unfolded protein response element-like sequence within the endoplasmic reticulum stress element 163, one of the three ER stress elements recently identified in the ratgrp78 promoter. The unspliced form of yHac1 is stably expressed in nonstressed mammalian cells and is as active as the spliced form in stimulating the promoter activities of grpgenes. Further, the yHac1 mRNA is not processed in response to ER stress in mammalian cells. We identified a CCAGC motif as the yHac1 binding site, which is contained within a YY1 binding site previously shown to be important for mammalian UPR. Dissection of the yHac1 and the YY1 binding sites uncovered specific contact points for an activator protein predicted to be the mammalian homolog of yHac1, the activity of which can be stimulated by YY1. A model of the conserved and unique features of the yeast and mammalian unfolded protein response transcription machinery is proposed.