Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of trash on the operation and performance of a raw sugar factory.

Since 1949, a considerable amount of work has been published describing the results of factory experiments to measure the effect of trash in cane on factory throughput and performance. This paper has attempted to review all of those studies, summarise the results and draw conclusions from them. Trash in cane reduces the crushing rate for both milling trains and diffusers, although the mechanisms for the reduction in rate are different. Considerably more experimental work has been conducted on milling trains and it is clear that the major effect of trash in reducing crushing rate results from its higher fibre content. In diffusers, it is expected that the lower bulk density of trash is responsible for reducing throughput. The effect of trash on extraction is not clear but is small. There is a stronger effect on bagasse moisture content and it is reasonably clear that trash increases bagasse moisture content. There is no doubt that trash reduces juice purity. While it has not been measured experimentally, it is reasonably certain that this result implies lower sugar production and higher molasses production.
Does the approved tariff cover the actual cost of global surgical procedures?

Background: Following the implementation of the health transformation plan in Iran and the significant increase in medical tariffs, it seems there is still a considerable gap between the actual cost of the Global Surgical procedures (GSPs) and the approved tariffs. The aim of this study was to compare the actual costs of GSPs with approved tariffs in hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data of 6,126 GSPs performed in three hospitals were extracted from Hospital Information System and approved tariffs were also obtained from the Supreme Council of Health Insurance. The difference between the average actual costs of a GSP and its tariff was considered as the tariff-actual cost gap. Regression test was used to determine the factors affecting the tariff-actual cost gap using SPSS.21. Results: The average actual cost of GPSs was 503 USD while the average tariff was 361 USD, indicating a significant negative gap between the approved tariffs and the actual cost of GPSs. In fact, for each procedure, the hospital suffered an average of 142 USD losses. In 54 of 63 GSPs, the average actual cost was 0.3% to 307.4% higher than the tariff. The highest negative gap was related to the “femoral fracture fixation" with -307.4%. The gap was higher in older patients, females, and patients with a longer stay, orthopedic specialty, and full-time surgeons (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that tariffs covered only 71.8% of actual costs. It is suggested that in the tariff setting of GSPs, factors such as inflation rate, patient's age, comorbidity, disease severity, and hospital function (teaching or referral center) be considered. In addition, hospital management can also reduce the gap by modifying processes and managing resource consumption, especially medicines and consumables items.
Optimum tool planning using the X-factor theory

Recently there has been a strong story emphasis in the semiconductor industry on "time to market" and "low cost" which require short cycle time and high utilization of a minimum number of tools, respectively. There is a trade-off between cycle time and utilization. By defining utilization of tools and implementing to X-factor theory, authors developed a useful method of tool planning that meets the requirements of short product cycle time and highest output by reducing the risk of processes or tools causing bottlenecks which are applicable to all semiconductor factories.
Advanced fabric energy storage IV: Experimental monitoring

The paper is the last in a series of four which describe a three-year research project into advanced fabric-energy-storage (FES) systems. It presents experimental monitoring of the first uk building to put the FES-slab into practice, showing the building's thermal performance and energy consumption during 1995. The results are discussed and recommendations made to improve the building's operation during 1996.
Local Characteristics of Convective Heat Transfer From Simulated Microelectronic Chips to Impinging Submerged Round Water Jets

An experimental study was performed to investigate the local characteristics of heat transfer from vertical simulated micro-chips to impinging submerged circular water jets. The effects of jet velocity, and nozzle-to-plate spacing were studied in the range of Re = 5.0 × 103 3.6 × 104 . Heat transfer rates at the stagnation point and local heat transfer distributions were correlated. Transition from laminar to turbulent flow was observed.
Collaborative supply chain planning using electronic marketplaces

The purpose of this paper is to show how the functionality of electronic marketplaces can facilitate collaborative supply chain planning. Supply chain planning processes are identified and analysed using a supply chain management focus. The paper also gives a brief introduction to a framework for supply chain management and to the typical structure of electronic marketplaces. Furthermore, three collaborative supply chain planning scenarios are defined, and it is shown how collaborative supply chain planning typically could be implemented on an electronic marketplace by the means of a Web‐based demonstration. As such, the paper shows how electronic marketplaces can be used to enable supply chain integration.
Airbus, ONERA, and DLR Results from the Second AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop

The results from DLR, Airbus, and ONERA from the Second AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop are presented. The lift, drag, and pitching moments are calculated for the DLR-F6 configuration at transonic flow conditions by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations on structured as well as on unstructured, hybrid grids.
Static characteristics of the three level clamped quasi-resonant converter

A control method for resonant converters operating at fixed switching frequencies is presented, in which an active resonant switch (ARS) and a three-level clamp switch (TLCS) are used. The ARS is derived from the conventional resonant switches by adding an auxiliary switch in order to clamp the resonant inductor voltage at zero, and a TLCS is derived from the ARS by adding a secondary winding and a diode to the resonant inductor to reduce the voltage stresses of the switches. A steady state analysis is performed and confirmed by experiments for a buck quasi-resonant converter controlled by the ARS and the TLCS operating in the zero voltage switching mode. <<ETX>>
Perioperative serum albumin a predictor of adverse outcomes in major abdominal surgery: Prospective Cohort hospital based study.

Background Albumin is an important protein that transports hormones, fatty acids, and exogenous drugs; it also maintains plasma oncotic pressure. Albumin is considered a negative active phase protein because it decreases during injuries and sepsis. In spite of other factors predicting surgical outcomes, the effect of pre and postoperative serum albumin to surgical complications could be assessed by calculating percentage decrease in albumin (Delta albumin). This study aimed to explore perioperative serum albumin as a predictor of adverse outcomes in major abdominal surgeries. Methodology: All adults’ eligible participants from Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Surgical Department were enrolled conveniently. Data were collected using study questionnaire. Full Blood Count (FBP), serum albumin levels preoperatively and on postoperative day 1 was measured abiding to Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). Data was entered and analyzed using STATA version 14. Association and extent of decrease in albumin levels as a predictor of surgical site infection (SSI), delayed wound healing and death within 30days of surgery was determined using ordinal logistic regression model. In determining the diagnostic accuracy, a Non-parametric Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) model was used. We adjusted for ASA classification which had negative confounding effect on the predictive power of percent drop in albumin to adverse outcomes. Results 61 participants were studied; the mean age was 51.6 (SD16.3), majorities were males 40 (65.6%) and post-operative adverse outcome happened to 28 (45.9%) participants. In preoperative serum albumin values, 40 (67.8%) had lower than 3.4 g/l while 51 (91%) had postoperative albumin values lower than 3.4 g/l. Only 15 (27.3%) had high delta albumin with the median percentage value of 14.77%. Delta albumin was an independent significant factor associated with adverse outcome (OR: 6.68; 95% CI: 1.59, 28.09); with a good predictive power and area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.72 (95% CI 0.55 0.89). The best cutoff value was 11.61% with the sensitivity of 76.92% and specificity of 51.72%. Conclusion Early perioperative decrease in serum albumin level may be a good, simple and cost effective tool to predict adverse outcomes in major abdominal surgeries.
Downburst versus boundary layer induced wind loads for tall buildings

Downbursts are transient phenomena that produce wind profiles that are distinctly different from synoptic boundary layers. Wind field data from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of isolated downburst-like impinging jets, are used to investigate structural loads of tall buildings due to these high intensity winds. The base shear forces and base moments of tall buildings of heights between 120 and 250 m produced by downburst winds of various scales are compared with the forces from the equivalent boundary layer gust winds, with matched 10-metre wind velocity. The wind profiles are mainly functions of the size of the downburst and the radial distance from the centre of the storm. Wind forces due to various downburst profiles are investigated by placing the building at different locations relative to the storm center as well as varying the size of the downburst. Overall it is found that downbursts larger than approx. 2,000 m in diameter might produce governing design wind loads above those from corresponding boundary layer winds for tall buildings.
Sustainable Buildings: An Ever Evolving Target

Environmental considerations have called for new developments in building technologies to bridge the gap between this need for lower impacts on the environment and ever increasing comfort. These developments were generally directed at the reduction of the energy consumption during operations. While this was indeed a mandatory first step, complete environmental life cycle analysis raises new questions. For instance, for a typical low thermal energy consumption building, the embodied energy of construction materials now becomes an important component of the environmental footprint. In addition, the usual practice in life cycle analysis now appears to call for some adaptation—due to variable parameters in time—to be implemented successfully in building analysis. These issues bring new challenges to reach the goal of integrated design, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning of sustainable buildings.
Extended range and observations on the natural history of the casquehead lizard Laemanctus julioi from Honduras

T family Corytophanidae, or casquehead lizards, comprises three genera and a total of 11 known species, nine of which occur in Honduras (Uetz et al., 2020). Two of the four Laemanctus species are endemic to Honduras (McCranie, 2018), Laemanctus julioi McCranie, 2018 and Laemanctus waltersi. Laemanctus julioi is found on the Pacific versant of south-central Honduras, in the Departamento de Francisco Morazán (holotype) and with an alleged distribution in Departamento de El Paraíso based on a casual observation in 1998 (McCranie, 2018). It has a reported altitude range of 650 to 1000 m, and it is restricted to Premontane Dry Forest (McCranie, 2018). There appears to be no information on the reproduction or feeding ecology of the species, although McCranie (2018) mentioned that these aspects are known for the related species Laemanctus serratus. Here, we increase the known geographical range of L. julioi into additional forest zones and to greater altitude, present new observations on behaviour, nutrition, reproductive ecology and report on total body length.
Photovoltaic canopies: thermodynamics to achieve a sustainable systems approach to mitigate the urban heat island hysteresis lag effect

At a time of greater attention to global climate change and increased costs of energy, our planet is rapidly urbanizing and transitioning regions from the natural rural vegetation to man-made urban engineered infrastructure. The anthropogenic-induced change has manifested itself in micro-scale and meso-scale increase in temperatures in comparison to adjacent rural regions which is known as the urban heat island effect Δ T u− r; (Oke 1987, Brazel 2003) and results in the increased need of electricity for mechanical cooling as well as various adverse environmental, social, and economic consequences for local and global communities (Golden 2004). Prior research has documented that between 29% and 45% of the urban fabric comprised paved surfaces to support mobility (Akbari et al. 1999). The increase in paved surfaces as a function of thermodynamics alters the urban energy budget due to changes in albedo, thermal mass as well as conduction, convection, and evapotranspiration. An emerging engineering option to reduce the significant role that surface pavements play in adding to the urban heat island is to capitalize on the capturing and shading of incident solar energy by means of utilization of photovoltaic panels to provide covered parking for this large portion of the urban fabric.
Identification of the most sensitive frequency response measurement technique for diagnosis of interturn faults in power transformers

Interturn winding faults are one of the most prevalent and potentially destructive electrical faults in power transformers. This contribution is an initiative to explore the potential of the sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) method in detecting interturn winding faults and also identifying the most appropriate measurement configuration for making sensitive frequency response measurements. This application enables timely warning of the rising failure and so is of particular importance, as these kinds of defects, if left undetected, can propagate and lead to catastrophic phase–ground or phase–phase faults which can finally cause the breakdown of the whole transformer. In this paper contribution is made to a better understanding of the transformer performance and modification of the transformer winding frequency response in the presence of interturn faults. The paper includes a full description of the details of the SFRA method and measuring procedure, along with principal experiments conducted on a 100 kVA distribution transformer. A large number of measurements with different transfer functions, various terminal configurations and three categories of measurement types was conducted to identify the most appropriate configuration for making SFRA measurements. The experimental results proved that the identified measurement configuration is sensitive to detect unambiguously interturn faults even down to 0.2% shorted turns along the winding.
RELATIVE MOISTURE MOVEMENT THROUGH RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE

This paper discusses the relative permeation characteristics (volume of voids and water absorption (ASTM C642-97) and sorption) of three strengths of concrete with (i) three maximum sizes of fresh granite aggregates (parent concrete), (ii) recycled concrete aggregates derived from each of three strengths of parent concrete, and (iii) two types of crushed brick aggregates. For a given strength, the volume of voids, water absorption and sorptivity of recycled aggregate concrete (i) reduces with increase in maximum size of aggregate used, (ii) increases with increase in strength of parent concrete from which the recycled aggregate is derived, and (iii) is higher for brick aggregate concrete than for concrete produced with crushed concrete aggregate. The variation in volume of voids, water absorption and sorptivity between parent concrete and recycled aggregate concrete reduces with increase in strength of concrete.
Scheduling of Actions and Reliance on Warnings in a Simulated Control Task

Operators of complex systems respond to external signals and events that guide their actions, but they also initiate and schedule the performance of various acts. An experiment was conducted in which the interdependence of scheduling and responding was studied. Participants had to monitor three stations that required different rates of interventions. The experimental conditions differed in the parameters of a warning system that indicated a possible malfunction in a station. The results showed that participants adjusted the frequencies of inspection in accordance with the required frequencies, but the adjustment was much smaller than was actually required. The settings of the warning's sensitivity and criterion threshold affected different aspects of the reliance on the warning system, and a distinction between reliance on warnings and obedience to warnings is suggested. The implications of these findings for the modeling of user actions in complex systems are discussed.
Empirical analysis of path effects on prediction equations of pseudo‐velocity response spectra in northern Japan

We study path effects on prediction equations of pseudo‐velocity response spectra (natural period of 0.1–5.0 s) in northern Japan, where heterogeneous attenuation structure exists. The path effects have been examined by comparing the regression analysis results for two different prediction equations. The first equation consists of a single term of anelastic attenuation conventionally. The second equation consists of two terms of anelastic attenuation in consideration of the heterogeneous attenuation structure. In the second equation, we divide a source‐to‐site distance into two distances at the attenuation boundary beneath the volcanic front. The boundary is considered to separate the relatively high Q fore‐arc side mantle wedge (FAMW) from the low Q back‐arc side mantle wedge (BAMW). Strong motion records (hypocentral distances less than 300 km) from interplate and intraslab events with Mw 5.1–7.3 are used. Regression analysis results show that the standard errors are significantly reduced by the second prediction equation at short periods (0.1–0.5 s), whereas the difference in standard errors from both prediction equations is negligible at intermediate and long periods. The Qs values (quality factor for S‐wave) converted from two anelastic attenuation coefficients for the second prediction equation are remarkably similar to the path‐averaged Qs values for the FAMW and BAMW by other studies using spectral inversion method. From these findings, we conclude that the path effects on the prediction equation of pseudo‐velocity response spectra are satisfactorily accomplished by the second prediction equation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic toys as a catalyst for mathematical problem solving

A series of tasks using Bee-bots and Pro-bots, to examine young children's use of robotic toys as tools in developing mathematical and metacognitive skills is described. A project in which a multifaceted problem solving approach that allowed the children simultaneously and successively to explore measurement, space and geometry, position and estimation through problem solving and reflection, is discussed.
Confinement Model for High-Strength Concrete

A mathematical model is developed to express the stress-strain relationship of high-strength concrete confined by transverse reinforcement. The model is applicable to both normal-strength and high-strength concretes, covering a strength range between 30 and 130 MPa. It incorporates all the relevant parameters of confinement that have been observed to play important roles in column tests. These parameters include the type, volumetric ratio, spacing, yield strength, and arrangement of transverse reinforcement as well as concrete strength and section geometry. Therefore, it can be used for concrete confined by spirals, rectilinear hoops, cross ties, welded wire fabric, and combinations of these reinforcements. It has been verified extensively against data obtained from column tests under concentric and eccentric loads, as well as slow and fast strain rates.
Dynamic interaction of walking humans with pedestrian structures in vertical direction experimentally based probabilistic modelling

There is a lack of credible and usable knowledge, specifically related to human-structure interaction in the vertical direction despite of its importance and potentially huge economic impact. The research presented in this thesis addresses this problem via a systematic combined experimental and analytical study of the effects of people on dynamic properties of vibrating structures they excite by walking. Series of extensive frequency response function based modal tests were performed on a full-scale test structure with more than one hundred test subjects walking in different loading scenarios. The experimental results were then used to identify the parameters of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) mass-spring-damper (MSD) model of a walking human. Four different approaches, including agent-based modelling, were used to simulate measured scenarios of multi-pedestrian traffic. It was found that normal distributions with μ=2.864 Hz and σ= 0.191 Hz, and μ=0.295 and σ= 0.023 can describe the natural frequency and damping ratio of the SDOF MSD model of a walking human, respectively, when total mass of the human body is assumed as the mass of the SDOF system. A new vibration serviceability assessment method was proposed that takes into account not only the variability of the human body MSD parameters and the forcing function but also their interaction with the structure. Application of this novel method on two full-scale structures under walking traffic load verified its excellent performance yielding a maximum 10% error in estimating the level of structural response compared to 200-500% error margins when key design guidelines currently used around the world were employed. This method is versatile and, being easy to apply in practice, has the potential to replace the existing methods for simulating single and multi-pedestrian traffic on footbridges and floors.
Effect of Amendment Type and Incorporation Depth on Runoff from Compacted Sandy Soils

AbstractIncreased runoff rates and volumes from urbanizing watersheds are generally attributed to increased imperviousness within the watershed. While pervious surfaces in urban areas are often credited with having little runoff contribution, soil compaction can reduce infiltration capacity, leading to increased runoff. The objective of the research reported in this paper was to evaluate the hydrologic response of potential treatments for mitigating urban soil compaction. In the lysimeter study of the research reported in this paper, two Florida soils [(1) Arredondo fine sand, and (2) Orangeburg fine sandy loam] were compacted and potential mitigating treatments were applied to evaluate runoff reduction. Treatments combined two incorporation depths [(1) 10 cm, and (2) 20 cm] with three amendment cases [(1) no amendment, (2) compost, and (3) fly ash] and were applied to both soils. A set of compacted lysimeters for each soil were designated as controls and remained compacted (no treatment) throughout the r.