Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinction of Lymphoma from Sarcoidosis on 18F-FDG PET/CT: Evaluation of Radiomics-Feature–Guided Machine Learning Versus Human Reader Performance

Visual Abstract Sarcoidosis and lymphoma often share common features on 18F-FDG PET/CT, such as intense hypermetabolic lesions in lymph nodes and multiple organs. We aimed at developing and validating radiomics signatures to differentiate sarcoidosis from Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: We retrospectively collected 420 patients (169 sarcoidosis, 140 HL, and 111 DLBCL) who underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT at the University Hospital of Liege. The studies were randomly distributed to 4 physicians, who gave their diagnostic suggestion among the 3 diseases. The individual and pooled performance of the physicians was then calculated. Interobserver variability was evaluated using a sample of 34 studies interpreted by all physicians. Volumes of interest were delineated over the lesions and the liver using MIM software, and 215 radiomics features were extracted using the RadiomiX Toolbox. Models were developed combining clinical data (age, sex, and weight) and radiomics (original and tumor-to-liver TLR radiomics), with 7 different feature selection approaches and 4 different machine-learning (ML) classifiers, to differentiate sarcoidosis and lymphomas on both lesion-based and patient-based approaches. Results: For identifying lymphoma versus sarcoidosis, physicians’ pooled sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC), and accuracy were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97–1.00), 0.75 (95% CI, 0.68–0.81), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84–0.90), and 89.3%, respectively, whereas for identifying HL in the tumor population, it was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.49–0.66), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74–0.89), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.64–0.75) and 68.5%, respectively. Moderate agreement was found among observers for the diagnosis of lymphoma versus sarcoidosis and HL versus DLBCL, with Fleiss κ-values of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.45–0.87) and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.45–0.93), respectively. The best ML models for identifying lymphoma versus sarcoidosis showed an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93–0.95) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82–0.88) in lesion- and patient-based approaches, respectively, using TLR radiomics (plus age for the second). To differentiate HL from DLBCL, we obtained an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93–0.96) in the lesion-based approach using TLR radiomics and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80–0.91) in the patient-based approach using original radiomics and age. Conclusion: Characterization of sarcoidosis and lymphoma lesions is feasible using ML and radiomics, with very good to excellent performance, equivalent to or better than that of physicians, who showed significant interobserver variability in their assessment.
Perovskite CsPbBr3 Single Crystal Detector for High Flux X-Ray Photon Counting

X-ray photon-counting detectors capable of resolving the energies of single X-ray photons are critical in medical imaging, and a high count rate is essential for photon-counting detectors. Here, we report the performance of the perovskite CsPbBr3 single-crystal semiconductor detector for X-ray photon counting. The CsPbBr3 detector noise floor, energy response linearity, energy resolution, count rate, and polarization were evaluated. By fine-tuning the detector working conditions, our CsPbBr3 detector with a planar electrode can count an incident X-ray photon rate of ~0.099 and ~0.336 Mcps/pixel at 10% and 30% deadtime loss, respectively, with corresponding energy resolutions of ~18% at 59.5 keV and ~12% at 122 keV at same pulse processing conditions. We also demonstrated that our CsPbBr3 detectors show negligible polarization under an X-ray flux of ~0.45 M photons/s/mm2 for the typical timescale of multiple clinical X-ray scans, such as 1 s– 100 s. Our evaluation demonstrates the high potential of CsPbBr3 detectors for X-ray photon-counting applications in medical and industrial diagnostics with a lower cost than the current state-of-the-art.
‘We're welcomed into people's homes every day’ versus ‘we're the people that come and arrest you’: The relational production of masculinities and vulnerabilities among male first responders

Abstract Encouraging men to open‐up about their feelings is a new cultural directive, yet little is known about how this works in practice, including to promote mental health. Ideals of hegemonic masculinity may be increasingly tolerating expressions of vulnerability in some areas of social life. However, the expression of vulnerability in paid work and/or career situations is regulated by organisational ideals and circumstances that may also produce distress. To address uncertainty in the literature, we investigated the experiences of men in traditionally male dominated professions, namely first responders (police, paramedics, and firefighters/rescue). Twenty‐one UK based men of diverse ranks and experience currently working within first responder services participated in semi‐structured telephone interviews. Distress was positioned as an inevitable part of the work. Yet, striking differences in institutionalised ways of expressing vulnerabilities differentiated the experiences of frontline workers, contributing to a wide spectrum of men's silence right through to relative openness about vulnerability, both in the workplace and domestic spheres. The findings provide importanat insights into how vulnerability is institutionally regulated, illuminating and contrasting how the possibilities for male vulnerabilities are socially produced.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Physical Illness, and Social Adjustment Among Disaster Victims

Abstract Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder is one of the most studied outcomes after a disaster. Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are maladaptive and disabling and can severely impair affected individuals’ psychosocial functioning and quality of life. Consequently, the objective of this research is to investigate the prevalence of PTSS and physical illness among disaster victims. Methods: We analyzed disaster victims’ survey data in South Korea 1 year after a natural disaster (n = 1659). Then, we performed multivariable comparisons of social and work adjustments between individuals with PTSS and individuals with physical illness to examine the association between PTSS and functional impairment. Results: Individuals with PTSS had a significant association with work and social maladjustments whether or not they had a physical illness; PTSS (+) physical illness (-) group (OR: 1.18, CI: 1.12–1.26, P < 0.001) and PTSS (+) physical illness (+) group (OR: 1.16, CI: 1.08–1.23, P < 0.001). Interestingly, this association was not significant in the group that exclusively presented physical illness. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PTSS might be a critical factor in social maladjustment during the post-disaster period. Subsequently, an assessment of disaster victims’ PTSS would help ensure effective medical and governmental approaches to assist disaster victims.
The health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults who experience imprisonment globally: A mixed methods systematic review

Background The prison setting and health status of people who experience imprisonment increase the risks of COVID-19 infection and sequelae, and other health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives To conduct a mixed methods systematic review on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of people who experience imprisonment. Data sources We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Social Sciences Abstracts, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database, Coronavirus Research Database, ERIC, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Web of Science, and Scopus in October 2021. We reviewed reference lists for included studies. Study eligibility criteria Original research conducted in or after December 2019 on health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults in prisons or within three months of release. Study appraisal and synthesis methods We used the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research for qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data for quantitative studies. We qualitized quantitative data and extracted qualitative data, coded data, and collated similar data into categories. Results We identified 62 studies. People in prisons had disproportionately high rates of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 mortality. During the pandemic, all-cause mortality worsened, access to health care and other services worsened, and there were major impacts on mental wellbeing and on relationships with family and staff. There was limited evidence regarding key primary and secondary prevention strategies. Limitations Our search was limited to databases. As the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, more evidence will emerge. Conclusions Prisons and people who experience imprisonment should be prioritized for COVID-19 response and recovery efforts, and an explicit focus on prisons is needed for ongoing public health work including emergency preparedness. Prospero registration number 239324.
Choice of nominative and topic markers in Korean discourse

In two written sentence completion experiments, I tested whether the choice of nominative and topic markers is subserved by the same mechanisms as anaphor choice and referent choice in Korean. I found that morphological marker choice was sensitive to various factors including connective, grammatical role, and verb semantics, whereas anaphor choice was sensitive only to grammatical role. I also found that morphological marker choice did not systematically vary with verb semantics unlike referent choice. These findings reveal two important properties of referential form production. One is that morphological marker choice relies on different mechanisms than underlie anaphor choice and referent choice. Another is that connective plays a significant role in determining referential form. Despite its role in referent choice and pronoun comprehension, connective has received little attention in current models of referential form production. The current study is the first to systematically test the effect of connective on referential form choice and to demonstrate its effect on morphological marker choice. By revealing how morphological marker choice is related to anaphor choice and referent choice, and identifying the factors that influence morphological marker choice, the results of the study improve our theoretical understanding of morphological marker production and reference production.
Different responses of cervical intervertebral disc caused by low and high virulence bacterial infection: a comparative study in rats

ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to investigate the outcomes of low- and high-virulence bacterial cervical intervertebral discs (IVDs) infection and its association with cervical IVDs degeneration in rats. A total of 75 clean grade male rats were used to establish the corresponding animal models of low and high virulent bacterial cervical disc infection via an anterior cervical approach, with injection of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) with a 29 G needle to cervical IVDs. Specimens were collected for evaluation of Blood routine (Blood-RT), histological staining, and gene expression assays after a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. There were no statistical differences in all groups in white blood cells (WBC) at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively (P = 0.136). The highest percentage of neutrophils was found in the S. epidermidis group at 2 weeks postoperatively (P = 0.043). MRI and histology showed that at 6 weeks postoperatively, the puncture group and P. acnes group had similar disc degeneration. In the S. epidermidis group, the disc and subchondral bone structure had been destroyed and bony fusion had occurred after the discitis. The upregulation of pro-inflammatory factor expression had the strongest effect of S. epidermidis on the early stage, while the upregulation in the puncture and P. acnes groups was more persistent. P. acnes infection of the cervical IVDs can lead to degenerative changes, whereas S. epidermidis infection leads to the manifestation of septic discitis. The correlation between P. acnes infection and cervical IVDs degeneration found in clinical studies was confirmed. Graphical Abstract
Acute Stress in Parents of Patients Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Two-Center Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Objective To examine medical and psychosocial risk factors associated with the development of acute stress in parents of patients unexpectedly admitted to the PICU. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting Two tertiary care children's hospitals with mixed medical/surgical/cardiac PICU. Patients Parents of patients unexpectedly admitted to the PICU. Intervention None. Measurements and Main Results 265 parents of 188 children were enrolled of whom 49 parents (18%) met ASD qualification and 108 (41%) parents developed ASD symptoms as determined by the ASDS-5 scale. Risk factors making parents likely to meet ASD qualification include parents from area served by Penn State (p < 0.001), prior psychiatric illness (p < 0.01), and female gender (p < 0.05), while graduating college was protective (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, parents from area served by Penn State (OR 3.00 (1.49-6.05) p < 0.01) and parents with prior psychiatric illness (OR 2.16 (1.03-4.52) p < 0.05) were associated with ASD qualification. Parents who graduated college or had prior medical problems were not significant. Risk factors making parents more likely to develop ASD symptoms (significant symptoms that do not meet ASD qualification) include patients with higher PRISM-III scores (p < 0.01), patients receiving cardiovascular support (p < 0.05), parents with a history of prior physical/sexual abuse (p < 0.01), parental involvement in the past with a major disaster/accident (p < 0.01), a family member admitted to an ICU in the past (p < 0.05) and preexisting parental psychiatric/medical disorders (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, prior parental psychiatric disorder (OR 4.11 (1.80-6.42) p < 0.001), history of parental abuse (OR 3.11 (1.14-5.08) p < 0.05), and parental prior medical problem (OR 2.03 (1.01-3.05) p < 0.05) were associated with the development of ASD symptoms. However, PRISM-III score and prior involvement in major disaster were not significant. Conclusions A combination of psychosocial parental risk factors and patient factors were associated with acute stress in parents. Further studies evaluating targeted hospital interventions towards parents most at-risk are needed.
Calcimimetics Alter Periosteal and Perilacunar Bone Matrix Composition and Material Properties in Early Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 15% of Americans and greatly increases fracture risk due to elevated parathyroid hormone, cortical porosity, and reduced bone material quality. Calcimimetic drugs are used to lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) in CKD patients, but their impact on bone matrix properties remains unknown. We hypothesized that tissue‐level bone quality is altered in early CKD and that calcimimetic treatment will prevent these alterations. To test this hypothesis, we treated Cy/+ rats, a model of spontaneous and progressive CKD‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD), with KP‐2326, a preclinical analogue of etelcalcetide, early in the CKD disease course. To measure tissue‐level bone matrix composition and material properties, we performed colocalized Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation on new periosteal bone and perilacunar bone using hydrated femur sections. We found that CKD and KP treatment lowered mineral type B carbonate substitution whereas KP treatment increased mineral crystallinity in new periosteal bone. Reduced elastic modulus was lower in CKD but was not different in KP‐treated rats versus CTRL. In perilacunar bone, KP treatment lowered type B carbonate substitution, increased crystallinity, and increased mineral‐to‐matrix ratio in a spatially dependent manner. KP treatment also increased reduced elastic modulus and hardness in a spatially dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest that KP treatment improves material properties on the tissue level through a combination of lowering carbonate substitution, increasing mineral crystallinity, and increasing relative mineralization of the bone early in CKD. As a result, the mechanical properties were improved, and in some regions, were the same as control animals. Therefore, calcimimetics may help prevent CKD‐induced bone deterioration by improving bone quality in new periosteal bone and in bone tissue near osteocyte lacunae. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Decreased 5‐HT1A binding in mild Alzheimer's disease—A positron emission tomography study

Decreased 5‐HT1A receptor binding has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and interpreted as a consequence of neuron loss. The purpose of the present study was to compare [11C]WAY100635 binding to the 5‐HT1A receptor in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala and pericalcarine cortex in mild AD patients and elderly controls. AD patients (n = 7) and elderly control subjects (n = 8) were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]WAY100635. PET data acquisition was performed with an ECAT EXACT HR system. Wavelet‐aided parametric images of nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) were generated using Logan's graphical analysis with cerebellum as the reference region. Correction for partial volume effects was performed with the Müller–Gärtner method. Regions of interest (ROIs) were applied to the individual parametric images, and the regional BPND was calculated as the average parametric voxel value within each ROI. In addition to comparisons between subject groups, correlations between BPND values and scores on the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory were expressed by Pearson correlation coefficients. Mean regional BPND was lower in AD patients than in control subjects, and the difference was statistically significant for the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala. A statistically significant correlation was obtained between hippocampal BPND values and DAD scores. The results of the present study corroborate and extend previous findings of decreased 5‐HT1A binding in AD and strengthen the support for 5‐HT1A receptor PET as a tool for the assessment of neurodegenerative changes in mild AD.
Integrated Health Record Viewers and Reduction in Duplicate Medical Imaging: Retrospective Observational Analysis

Background Health information exchange and multiplatform health record viewers support more informed medical decisions, improve quality of care, and reduce the risk of adverse outcomes due to fragmentation and discontinuity in care during transition of care. An example of a multiplatform health record viewer is the VA/DoD Joint Longitudinal Viewer (JLV), which supports the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DoD) health care providers with read-only access to patient medical records integrated from multiple sources. JLV is intended to support more informed medical decisions such as reducing duplicate medical imaging when previous image study results may meet current clinical needs. Objective We estimated the impact of provider usage of JLV on duplicate imaging for service members transitioning from the DoD to the VA health care system. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in fiscal year 2018 to examine the relationship between providers’ use of JLV and the likelihood of ordering duplicate images. Our sample included recently separated service members who had a VA primary care visit in fiscal year 2018 within 90 days of a DoD imaging study. Patients who received at least one imaging study at VA within 90 days of a DoD imaging study of the same imaging mode and on the same body part are considered to have received potentially duplicate imaging studies. We use a logistic regression model with “JLV provider” (providers with 1 or more JLV audits in the prior 6 months) as the independent variable to estimate the relationship between JLV use and ordering of duplicate images. Control variables included provider image ordering rates in the prior 6 months, provider type, patient demographics (age, race, gender), and clinical characteristics (Elixhauser comorbidity score). Results Providers known to utilize JLV in the prior 6 months order fewer duplicate images relative to providers not utilizing JLV for similar visits over time (odds ratio 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.78; P=.005). This effect is robust across multiple specifications of linear and logistic regression models. The provider’s practice pattern of ordering image studies and the patient’s health status are powerful confounders. Conclusions This study provides evidence that adoption of a longitudinal viewer of health records from multiple electronic health record systems is associated with a reduced likelihood of ordering duplicate images. Investments in health information exchange systems may be effective ways to improve the quality of care and reduce adverse outcomes for patients experiencing fragmentation and discontinuity of care.
Rituximab Attenuated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in the Human Retina Cells via Modulating the TRPM2 Signaling Pathways

ABSTRACT Purpose We investigated the possible protective effects of rituximab (RTX) on LPS-induced oxidant, inflammatory, and apoptotic adverse actions via the inhibition of TRPM2 channel in the adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) cells. Methods In the cultured ARPE-19 cells, we induced five main groups as control, RTX (10 μg/ml), LPS (1 μg/ml), LPS+RTX, and LPS+TRPM2 blockers (ACA or 2/APB). Results The levels of apoptosis, cell death, mitochondrial free reactive oxygen radicals (mitROS), cytosolic ROS, lipid peroxidation, caspase −3, caspase −8, caspase −9, ADP-ribose-induced TRPM2 current density, TNF-α, IL-1β, cytosolic free Zn2+, and Ca2+ were increased by LPS, although their levels were diminished by the treatments of RTX and TRPM2 blockers. Conclusions The LPS-induced mitROS, inflammatory cytokine, and apoptosis levels were modulated via TRPM2 inhibition in the human retinal epithelial cells by the RTX treatment. The RTX may be considered as a new therapeutic approach to LPS-induced human retinal epithelial cell injury.
Risk and protective factors for SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, surveillance data, Italy, August 2021 to March 2022

We explored the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in Italy between August 2021 and March 2022. Regardless of the prevalent virus variant, being unvaccinated was the most relevant risk factor for reinfection. The risk of reinfection increased almost 18-fold following emergence of the Omicron variant compared with Delta. A severe first SARS-CoV-2 infection and age over 60 years were significant risk factors for severe reinfection.