Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance and health of dairy cows incompletely milked during the first five days in milk

53 Introduction . 54 Materials and methods . 55 Sample size calculations . 55 Herds and cows . 55 Milk production and composition data . 56 Data management and statistical analyses . 57 Culling hazard . 57 Milk production and composition . 58 Results . 59 Description of study population . 59 Culling. 60 Milk weight . 60 Fat and protein concentrations . 61 Fat . 61 Protein . 62 Energy corrected milk . 62 Discussion . 63 Conclusion . 65 Acknowledgements . 66 References . 66 CHAPTER 4: EFFECT OF INCOMPLETE MILKING DURING THE FIRST FIVE DAYS IN MILK ON UDDER AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACT HEALTH: RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL . 77 Abstract . 78 Introduction . 79 Materials and methods . 80. 78 Introduction . 79 Materials and methods . 80
Gold Immunolocalization of Rubisco and Rubisco Activase in Pyrenoid of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The pyrenoid ultrastructure and distribution of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Rubisco activase in the chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was studied using the immunogold localization technology with electron microscopy. There were several tubular thylakoids invading in the pyrenoid matrix to form several spokewise channels. The connections between pyrenoid matrix and stroma of chloroplast were the partial of channels. The starch sheath surrounding the pyrenoid was separated into several parts by the connections in transection. Some thylakoids were packed together near the connections in one side of the pyrenoid. Those special structures might be used to transport substance between pyrenoid and stroma of chloroplasts. With the antibody raised against the large subunits of Rubsico from C. protothecoides, the result of the gold immunolocalization of Rubisco in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii showed most of the gold particles heavily labeled the pyrenoid matrix, as well as the starch sheath matrix, and very few in the stroma of chloroplasts. The gold particle density was 880.00 $\pm$ 164.32, 190.00 $\pm$ 152.39 and 9.60 $\pm$ 5.37 ${\mu}m^{-2}$ in pyrenoid matrix, starch sheath and stroma region of chloroplast respectively (background: 5.67 $\pm$ 1.53 ${\mu}m^{-2}$ ). 99.59% of the total Rubiscos was calculated to be concentrated in the pyrenoid matrix and starch sheath by spatial densities. The gold immunolocalization of Rubisco activase also showed that Rubisco activase was mainly concentrated in the periphery of the pyrenoid and the starch sheath (the density was as high as 229.69 $\pm$ 96.96 ${\mu}m^{-2}$ ). There were very few gold particles located in the stroma of chloroplasts. These results indicated that pyrenoid surface and starch sheath was the site for Rubisco activation and $CO_2$ fixation, which supported the suggestion that pyrenoids perform photosynthesis function.
New ochratoxin A producing species of Aspergillus section Circumdati

Aspergillus section Circumdati contains species with yellow to ochre conidia and non-black sclerotia that produce at least one of the following extrolites: ochratoxins, penicillic acids, xanthomegnins or melleins. The exception to this is A. robustus, which produces black sclerotia, phototropic conidiophores and none of the extrolites listed above. Based on a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites and partial β-tubulin sequences 20 species can be distinguished, that, except for A. robustus, are phylogenetically and phenotypically strongly related. Seven new species are described here, A. cretensis, A. flocculosus, A. neobridgeri, A. pseudoelegans, A. roseoglobulosus, A. steynii, and A. westerdijkiae. Twelve species of section Circumdati produce mellein, 17 produce penicillic acid and 17 produce xanthomegnins. Eight species consistently produce large amounts of ochratoxin A: Aspergillus cretensis, A. flocculosus, A. pseudoelegans, A. roseoglobulosus, A. westerdijkiae, A. sulphurous, and Neopetromyces muricatus. Two species produce large or small amounts of ochratoxin A, but less consistently: A. ochraceus and A. sclerotiorum. Ochratoxin production in these species has been confirmed using HPLC with diode array detection and comparison to authentic standards. Four further species produce ochratoxin A inconsistently and in trace amounts according to the literature: A. melleus, A. ostianus, A. petrakii, and A. persii. The most important species regarding potential ochratoxin A production in coffee, rice, beverages and other foodstuffs are A. ochraceus, A. westerdijkiae and A. steynii. Taxonomic novelties: Aspergillus cretensis Frisvad & Samson sp. nov., Aspergillus flocculosus Frisvad & Samson sp. nov., Aspergillus neobridgeri Frisvad & Samson sp. nov., Aspergillus pseudoelegans Frisvad & Samson sp. nov., Aspergillus roseoglobulosus Frisvad & Samson sp. nov., Aspergillus steynii Frisvad & Samson sp. nov., Aspergillus westerdijkiae Frisvad & Samson sp. nov.
A Case of Formalin Instillation Secondary to Refractory Gross Hematuria in a Patient with Radiation Cystitis

Gross hematuria has several different etiologies, and as such, the process of working up a patient presenting with bleeding follows an outlined algorithm. The instillation of formalin, a caustic substance that hydrolyzes proteins and coagulates tissues, is a possible treatment option only when patients have failed previous preceding therapeutic steps. In our case, a 69-year-old African-American male presented with an acute episode of gross hematuria that did not resolve following several diagnostic and therapeutic steps. His hospital course was complicated by a steadily dropping hemoglobin, requiring many blood transfusions throughout his care. He was successfully treated with intravesical instillation of formalin following cystoscopy, transurethral resection of the prostate, and cystogram in the operating room. Thoughtful discussion regarding a treatment course in a patient with refractory gross hematuria deserves consideration.
The biology of the grassland Melomys (Melomys burtoni) (Rodentia: Muridae) in far north Queensland sugarcane crops

Melomys burtoni and M. cervinipes naturally occur in habitats adjacent to sugarcane crops in north Queensland, have been trapped within sugarcane crops, and are potentially damaging to sugarcane crops. However, little is known about their biology and pest status in sugarcane crops and this information is needed by the industry for the development of a sustainable pest management programme for these rodents. Field studies were undertaken between Tully and Innisfail in far north Queensland, to determine the extent to which either or both Melomys species inhabit sugarcane crops and to examine the biology of Melomys within the crop. Field diagnostic approaches were developed which, when blind tested using molecular techniques, proved 100% accurate in-field discrimination of the two Melomys species. Based on field trapping, M. cervinipes proved to be rare in sugarcane and should not be regarded as a pest by the industry. In contrast, M. burtoni were recorded in significant numbers within cane, were found to feed on cane and, in crop stage 5 (canopy closure to harvest) were responsible for damage to ~5% of stalks. Melomys burtoni were found to colonise sugarcane at the later stages of crop development than the other major sugarcane rodent, Rattus sordidus. The highest proportion of M. burtoni reproduction and juvenile recruitment also occurs in the later stages of crop development. The late colonisation of the crop by M. burtoni means that the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy already in place for R. sordidus is not directly transferable to M. burtoni. If an effective IPM strategy is to be developed, further research is required to examine the population dynamics and dispersal of M. burtoni populations between the crop and the adjacent habitats within the sugarcane production system of far north Queensland.
Seed fill, viability and germination of NSW species in the family Rutaceae

The New South Wales Seedbank (at Mount Annan Botanic Garden) stores seeds of both common and threatened species for conservation, research and restoration or revegetation projects. The value of the collections depends on our ability to germinate seeds once they have been retrieved from storage. The collection includes 129 collections representing 93 taxa in the family Rutaceae, but seed viability in Rutaceae is variable, germination cues are poorly-understood and problems are likely to arise in trying to grow plants from seed. In this study we quantified seed fill and/or viability and germination for 112 species in the Rutaceae family. For many of the species, this is the first time that these seed characteristics have been recorded. We found that seed fill (0–100%) and seed viability (0–97%), were highly variable, with 80% of collections having low viability (<75%). There was also a trend for threatened species to have lower seed fill than common species, while viability and germination were similar. This review reaffirms the need for further study of seed characteristics in Rutaceae. Cunninghamia (2009) 11(2): 203–212
Health Effects of Transport-Related Air Pollution

Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia and Montenegro Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan
Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Abstract The skeletal musculature of 11 talpid genera is described, and 58 myological characters are defined and used in a phylogenetic analysis of the Talpidae. This analysis included the outgroup taxa Atelerix (Erinaceidae) and Blarina (Soricidae), and it discovered a single most parsimonious tree. Inclusion of Uropsilus in a monophyletic Talpidae needs further evaluation, but there is very strong support for the monophyly of other talpids. Contrary to previous interpretations of talpid relationships, this phylogenetic analysis indicates (1) the fully fossorial moles Parascalops, Scalopus, Scapanus, and Talpa are monophyletic; (2) the Eurasian genus Talpa is sister taxon to the North American genera Scalopus and Scapanus; and (3) the long-tailed mole Scaptonyx is part of a clade with the shrew moles Neurotrichus and Urotrichus. Preliminary biogeographic analysis suggests that the Talpidae originated in the Old World, and that there were separate dispersals from Eurasia to North America by Condylura, Neurotrichus, Parascalops, and the common ancestor of Scalopus and Scapanus.
Level and factors associated with uptake of human papillomavirus infection vaccine among female adolescents in Lira District, Uganda

Introduction the principal burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is cervical cancer. Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common malignancy in women affecting 500,000 women each year with an estimated 266,000 deaths. Uganda has one of the highest cervical cancer incidence rates globally with an age-standardised incidence rate per 100,000 of 47.5. This study assessed the level and the factors associated with uptake of HPV vaccine by female adolescents in Lira district, Uganda. Methods a mixed methods approach was employed using a survey among 460 female adolescents. We collected data using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. We interviewed five key informants and conducted ten in-depth interviews. Uptake was defined as completing three doses of the vaccine as per the recommended schedule. Prevalence risk ratios were used as measures of association and were computed using modified poison regression. Content analysis was used for qualitative data. Results the mean age of the respondents was 13.97 (SD=1.24). Uptake was at 17.61% (81/460). The factors associated with uptake of HPV vaccine were: attaining ordinary level of education (aPR 1.48, 95%CI 1.11-1.97), positive attitude towards the vaccine (aPR 3.46, 95%CI 1.70-7.02), receiving vaccine doses from different vaccination sites (aPR 1.59, 95% CI 1.10-2.28) and encouragement from a health worker (aPR 1.55, 95%CI 1.15-2.11) or Village Health Team (aPR 3.47, 95%CI 1.50-8.02) to go for the vaccine. Other factors associated with uptake of HPV vaccine included; the existence of community outreaches (aPR 1.47, 95%CI 1.02-2.12), availability of vaccines at vaccination sites (aPR 4.84, 95%CI 2.90-8.08) and receiving full information about the vaccine at the vaccination site (aPR 1.90, 95%CI 1.26-2.85). Conclusion HPV vaccine uptake was low in Lira district. Efforts to improve uptake of HPV vaccine should focus on ensuring a consistent supply of vaccines at the vaccination sites, health education aimed at creating a positive attitude towards the vaccine, sensitisation of the adolescents about the vaccine and conducting community outreaches.
The Incidence and Predictors of Renal artery Stenosis in Patients Referred for Coronary Angiography

Background: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are two manifestations of a same pathogenesis which is atherosclerosis. RAS is a leading factor of secondary hypertension, ischemic nephropathy and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Aim of work: This study was aimed to detect the incidence and predictors of renal artery stenosis in patients referred for elective coronary angiography. Patients and Methods: In this study we included 100 patients who underwent coronary and renal angiography.The mean age was 56.6 + 7.9 years, 60 males (60%), 40 females (40%), 60 diabetic (60%), 58 hypertensive (58%), 41 smokers (41%), 62 dyslipidemic (62%), 27 patients with family history of ischemic heart disease (27%), and patient with normal coronaries 12 (12 %). Our study consisted of 2 groups; 87 (87%) patients with normal renal arteries (group 1) and 13 (13%) patients with renal artery stenosis (group 2). Results: The incidence of RAS was 13% and the incidence of significant RAS (>50% stenosis) was 7%. The significant difference between the two groups was in the terms of hypertension (p-value 0.014), female gender (p-value 0.021), multivessel (> 2 vessels) coronary artery disease (p-value 0.046), normal coronaries had a significant negative association with RAS (p-value 0.027) and there was a significant relationship between atherosclerotic involvement of Left anterior descending artery (LAD), Diagonal, and right coronary artery (RCA) with RAS (p-value 0.037, 0.041 and 0.042). Conclusion: It could be concluded that predictors of RAS were hypertension, multivessel coronary artery disease (> 2 vessels) and female gender.
Prevalence of HCV Antibodies in Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a disease of the liver resulting from an inflammation due to infiltrative, immunological, mechanical or metabolic injury to the liver, which has persisted for six or more months without complete resolution (Laraba et al., 2009) Viral infections account for significant proportion of CLD. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses account for 75% of all cases of liver disease around the world (Nirmala Poddar et al., 2012). WHO estimates 170-200 million people are chronically infected with HCV worldwide (Hanaa Ali Naem and Hassan J. Hasony, 2015). HCV can lead to chronic liver disease causing cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and end stage liver disease among 5-20% of infected persons (Nirmala Poddar et al., 2012). In India about 20 million people are known to have HCV infection and a quarter of them expected to develop chronic liver disease in the next 10-15 years. The impact of this infection has started to emerge in India (Ramya and Madhuri Kulkarni, 2015). It is the major cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis (Vardas et al., 1999). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 10 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com Viral infections account for significant proportion of CLD. Hepatitis C virus is the major cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide. HCV can lead to chronic liver disease causing cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and end stage liver disease among 5-20% of infected persons. In India about 20 million people are known to have HCV infection and a quarter of them are expected to develop chronic liver disease in the next 10-15 years. 1) To determine prevalence of Hepatitis C virus infection in chronic liver disease patients. 2) To identify the risk factor for HCV infection. A total of 100 Cases of CLD attending Gastroenterology department were included in the study during the period of January 2015 – June 2016. Demographic data and clinical findings were recorded using a structured proforma. All the samples were screened for anti HCV antibodies by ELISA (HCV MICROLISA) according to the kit manufacturer’s instructions. Out of 100 CLD Patients, 81(81%) were Males and 19(19%) were Females. HCV antibodies were found positive in 4 cases. Out of 4 cases, 3 were Males and 1 was Female. Prevalence of HCV in CLD Patients was 4%. The major risk factor for HCV Infection was Surgery. K e y w o r d s CLD, HCV Accepted: 10 September 2018 Available Online: 10 October 2018 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol. App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1312-132
Influence of seasonality on reproductive traits in the male Pallas cat (Felis manul) and implications for captive management

A male Pallas' cat (Felis manul) was housed under natural lighting conditions in an outdoor pen for 20 mo and subjected to bimonthly reproductive evaluations consisting of blood sampling for hormonal analysis, testicular volume and body weight measurement, and electroejac ulation. Distinct seasonal reproductive patterns were identified; sperm production and quality in the breeding season (December-April) was significantly higher (P 0.05) between seasons, but body weight gain and loss occurred (P 0.05) in both seasons, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) during the breeding season, and sperm concentration, total number of sperm per ejaculate, percentage of morphologically normal sperm, sperm motility, and serum LH concentration were correlated (r = 0.60-0.99; P < 0.05). The male Pallas' cat exhibits a pronounced reproductive seasonality, which has important impli cations for captive breeding management and genome resource banking.
Venture in 101 Cranial Punctures: A Comparative Study between Frame-based versus Frameless Biopsy of 101 Intracranial Space Occupying Lesion

Background: Presumptive diagnosis based solely on the clinical picture and imaging is not sufficient to provide appropriate treatment with certainty and hence histopathological confirmation of intracranial space occupying lesion (ICSOL) is essential. Needle biopsy via stereotactic frame-based or frameless neuronavigation technique is efficient procedure. The objective of this study is to compare their accuracy and efficacy and safety. Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study conducted among 101 biopsies of ICSOL. Patients data were retrieved from medical record. Data were analyzed in SPSS ver. 20. P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 101 patients, Frame-based stereotactic biopsy was done among 55 patients (54.4%) while 46 patients (45.6%) underwent frameless stealth neuronavigation guided biopsy. Male to female ration was 2.1:1. Age ranged from 5 to 82 years. 54.5% (55 patients) have deeper location of tumor while 45.5% (46 patients) have lobar location of tumor. Frontal (16.8%) and Thalamic (13.8%) were the common site. Mean size of tumor was 3.09±0.85cms. There was statistically significant difference in operative duration among study groups. Overall Diagnostic yield was 89.1%. Glioma was the most common (50.5%) diagnosis. Glioblastoma WHO Grade IV was 37.6% followed by lymphoma (12.8%). Conclusion: Needle biopsy via stereotactic frame-based or neuronavigation frameless technique is a safe and efficient procedure having high diagnostic yield. Reasons for negative biopsy could be missed target or retrieval of gliotic tissue.
Volunteerism and Older Adults

Abstract Much has been written about volunteerism in general, and more specifically about the older volunteer. But what motivates a person to volunteer? How do they learn about the opportunity? What do they need to feel satisfied with the experience and how might that and other factors relate to whether they continue volunteering? The following literature review highlights some of the findings about volunteer motivation, satisfaction, recruitment, and retention as it relates to volunteers in general, older volunteers, and illustrative of one setting, hospice volunteers. Implications for social work practice with older persons are discussed.
Connectivity and ecosystem services: Crop pollination in agricultural landscapes

As the focus of ecological research has broadened from site-level observations and experiments to landscape-scale studies, interest among ecologists in connectivity among habitat patches has increased (Turner et al. 1995; Wiens 1995; Gustafson and Gardner 1996; Hanski and Gilpin 1997; Haddad and Baum 1999). From a conservation perspective, concern with the maintenance of connectivity has grown as habitat loss and fragmentation continue worldwide (Rosenberg et al. 1997; de Lima and Gascon 1999; Haddad and Baum 1999). Typically, both basic and applied studies consider connectivity among patches of the same habitat type, such as a set of forest fragments embedded in a matrix of agricultural land uses. These studies, reviewed throughout this volume, focus on measuring patch isolation and examining the utility of corridors to restore connectivity among patches. However, another type of connectivity, although less well studied and understood, is of equal importance in these complex landscapes: the connectivity among patches of different habitat types (Daily et al. 2001; Ricketts et al. 2001; Talley et al. Chapter 5). Many species require different habitat types for different resources or life-history stages. The proximity and availability of different habitat types, therefore, can affect the population dynamics and persistence of individual species and the diversity
The effects of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers on obesity and diabetes: a review

Sweet taste, one of the five basic taste qualities, is not only important for evaluation of food quality, but also guides the dietary food choices of animals. Sweet taste involves a variety of chemical compounds and structures, including natural sugars, sugar alcohols, natural and artificial sweeteners, and sweet-tasting proteins. The preference for sweetness has induced the over-consumption of sugar, contributing to certain prevailing health problems, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Non-nutritive sweeteners, including natural and synthetic sweeteners, and sweet-tasting proteins have been added to foods to reduce the caloric intake from sugar, but many of these sugar substitutes induce an off-taste or after taste that negatively impacts any pleasure derived from the sweet taste. Sweet taste is detected by sweet taste receptor, that also play an important role in the metabolic regulation of the body, such as glucose homeostasis and incretin hormone secretion. In this review, the role of sweet tastants and the sweet taste receptors involved in sweetness perception, and their effect on obesity and diabetes are summarized. Sweet taste enhancement, as a new way to solve the over-consumption of sugar, is discussed in this contribution. Sweet taste enhancers can bind with sweet tastans to potentiate the sweetness of food without producing any taste by itself. Various type of sweet taste enhancers, including synthetic compounds, food-processed substances and aroma compounds, are summarized. Notably, few natural, non-volatile compounds have been identified as sweetness enhancers.