Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food Marketing Policy Center Assessing the Competitive Interaction Between Private Labels and National Brands By

In contrast to single-equation cross-sectional studies of private label share, developing a complete understanding of the nature of the competitive interaction between national brands and private labels requires an understanding of the determinants of both demand and strategic pricing decisions by firms. Consequently, we estimate a simultaneous system of share and price for private labels and national brands. From the empirical results, two measures of market response are derived. The unilateral demand elasticity measures the pure “own” demand response, while the residual (or “total”) elasticity also captures the impact of competitive price reaction (Baker and Bresnahan 1985). When taken together, these provide important strategic insights into the pricing interaction between national brands and private labels. In our empirical analysis, we employ a flexible, non-linear demand specification, the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS, Deaton and Muellbauer 1980a), and specify the price reaction equations derived under the LA/AIDS demand specification. Incorporating LA/AIDS demands into a structural equation framework represents an important departure from previous demand specifications in competitive analysis. Using the proposed LA/AIDS framework, we perform a detailed intra-category analysis using data on six individual categories: bread, milk, pasta, instant coffee, butter and margarine. In addition, in an attempt to generalize the results to a broader set of categories and in order to enable us to compare our results to previous cross-section studies, we also estimate using a sample pooled across 125 categories and 59 geographic markets. Consistent with our objectives, we find that consumer response to price and promotion decisions (demand) and the factors influencing firm pricing behavior (supply) jointly determine observed market prices and market shares. Further, estimates of residual demand elasticities suggest that examination of partial demand elasticities alone may provide an incomplete picture of the ability of brands to raise price. Managerial implications, limitations and suggestion for future research are discussed.
Playing God: Alberto Caeiro’s “Num meio-dia de fim de primavera” and Pier Paolo Pasolini’s

Pier Paolo Pasolini’s La Ricotta, one of four episodes of the film RoGoPaG (1963) focuses on a director (played by Orson Welles) shooting a film about the Passion in a remote Italian countryside. Just as Pasolini, through the persona of the Other director (Welles), directs a film that is not his film, so too Fernando Pessoa, a generation earlier, writes a poem that is not his poem through the persona of the Other poet (Caeiro). This article is focused the relationship of the Creator (director, poet, God) to his creatures and, in particular, on the sardonic reimagining of the Passion to reject the institutionalization of artistic and religious creation. In addition to the literal unnailing of Christ from the cross, the bucolic settings of Pasolini’s film and Caeiro’s poem are disrupted and exploited by modern systems of production and representation. Moreover, while challenging the hierarchical relationship of ignorance and intellect, pathos and logos, the authoritative and the communal, Pasolini and Pessoa articulate their struggle to critique the Church while also attempting to revive pre-historical, pre-Christian figures in an industrialized modern landscape. In so far as both the filmmaker and poet are aware of the polemical nature of their representations of Christ, anticipating and attempting to defend themselves against accusations of blasphemy, I attempt to answer the question that both Pasolini and Pessoa seem to pose: Can the creator abandon his assigned role in order to give movement to the still, flexibility to the stable, the gift of ignorance to the educated?
Watching Weimar Dance

Watching Weimar Dance asks what audiences saw in the peculiarly turbulent and febrile moment of the Weimar Republic. It closely analyses the reception of various performances, from cabaret to concert dance and experimental theatre, in their own time and place - at home in interwar Germany, on tour, and later returning from exile after World War II. Spectator reports that performers died or became half-machine archived not only the physicality of past performance, but also the ways audiences used the temporary world of the stage to negotiate pressing social issues, from female visibility within commodity culture to the functioning of human-machine hybrids in an era of increasing technologization. These accounts offer offer limit cases for the body on stage and, in so doing, speak to the preoccupations of the day. Approaching a range of performance artists, including Oskar Schlemmer, Valeska Gert, Kurt Jooss, Mary Wigman, Bertolt Brecht, Anita Berber, and the Tiller Girl troupes, through archives of watching, the reception of these performances also revises and complicates understandings of Ausdruckstanz as the representative dance of this moment in Germany. They further reveal how such practices came to be reconfigured and imbued with new significance in the post-war era. By bringing insights from theatre, dance, and performance studies to German cultural studies, and vice versa, Watching Weimar Dance develops a culturally-situated model of watching that not only offers a revisionist narrative, but also demonstrates new methods for dance scholarship to shape cultural history. * Brings insights from Dance, Theatre, and Performance Studies to Weimar Studies and vice versa to develop a culturally-situated model of watching * Considers the transnational connections and afterlives of Weimar-era dance, including historicizing the post-World War II usage of Ausdruckstanz * Offers new methods for dance scholarship to shape cultural history through, rather than despite, the instabilities of performance * Based on a collection of rare archival materials, from published cartoons and annotated 1920s scrapbooks to legal case files from a copyright suit
Inflation and Early Dark Energy with a Stage II Hydrogen Intensity Mapping experiment

This white paper envisions a revolutionary post-DESI, post-LSST dark energy program based on intensity mapping of the redshifted 21cm emission line from neutral hydrogen at radio frequencies. The proposed intensity mapping survey has the unique capability to quadruple the volume of the Universe surveyed by optical programs, provide a percent-level measurement of the expansion history to z∼6, open a window to explore physics beyond the concordance ΛCDM model, and to significantly improve the precision on standard cosmological parameters. In addition, characterization of dark energy and new physics will be powerfully enhanced by cross-correlations with optical surveys and cosmic microwave background measurements. The rich dataset obtained by the proposed intensity mapping instrument will be simultaneously useful in exploring the time-domain physics of fast radio transients and pulsars, potentially in live "multi-messenger" coincidence with other observatories. The core dark energy/inflation science advances enabled by this program are the following: (i) Measure the expansion history of the universe over z=0.3−6 with a single instrument, extending the range deep into the pre-acceleration era, providing an unexplored window for new physics; (ii) Measure the growth rate of structure in the universe over the same redshift range; (iii) Observe, or constrain, the presence of inflationary relics in the primordial power spectrum, improving existing constraints by an order of magnitude; (iv) Observe, or constrain, primordial non-Gaussianity with unprecedented precision, improving constraints on several key numbers by an order of magnitude. Detailed mapping of the enormous, and still largely unexplored, volume of cosmic space will thus provide unprecedented information on fundamental questions of the vacuum energy and early-universe physics.
An integrative approach to more nuanced estimates of personality‐job‐performance relations

Recent research has suggested that self-and other-ratings of personality may provide different information about personality, which can be captured in the trait – reputation – identity (TRI) model. Based on the TRI model, we investigate the link between personality and aligned job performance criteria on domain and aspect levels of the Big Five personality traits. In five samples (overall N = 571 triplets of target self-ratings and two coworker other-ratings), we investigated the relationships between the shared information on personality and shared information about job performance. We found that all personality domains showed substantial criterion validity in predicting the corresponding job-performance dimensions. Furthermore, we found stronger estimates for aspects of agree-ableness and openness. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for target replacement and performance management
Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies

In this study authors provide a conceptual investigation regarding the role of consumer loyalty for e-healthcare organisations. The main aim of the article is to identify the level of consumer loyalty and factors which determine this phenomenon. Further the paper suggests a consumer loyalty model on e-healthcare market. The survey was conducted using structured questionnaire. Scale to measure each of factors in the model were developed based on previous literature and using existing scales where possible. A total of 1000 questionnaires were distributed by the Internet to the patients. The results demonstrated that level of consumer loyalty towards e-healthcare organizations is relatively low lower than what it is, towards traditional healthcare institutions. The most important factors determining consumer loyalty in this market are: trust on ehealthcare institutions, satisfaction from e-medical services and technological factors, like security and privacy. Results of research can be applied by managers of e-healthcare organizations, particularly by departments responsible for establishing relationship with patients and IT units that are involved in the process of developing new electronic marketing channels. The target audience can be characterized as all researchers and practitioners interested in health care services and marketing issues
A Computational Model Assessing Population Impact of a New Tobacco Product

Objectives We developed and validated a computational model to assess the potential health impact of a new tobacco product in the U.S. market. Methods An Agent-Based Model (ABM) framework was used to estimate changes in tobacco use prevalence and premature deaths based on the difference between modified (counterfactual) and base case (status quo) scenarios. The hypothetical population transitions between different tobacco-use states based on their attributes and transition probabilities over the simulation period. A transition sub-model coupled with mortality sub-models and excess relative risk (ERR) ratio estimates determine survival probability over time. To demonstrate the functionality and capability of our ABM, we modeled a scenario to simulate the population health impact a new tobacco product on the U.S. market. We also demonstrated sensitivity analyses by adjusting key input parameters. Results Our simulation, based on modified-and base-case hypothetical populations using reliable and publicly available input sources, predicts a net benefit to the population with a decrease in premature deaths and cigarette smoking prevalence. Conclusion Our computational model, leveraging ABM to assess population impact, is a fit-for-purpose tool for predicting public health outcomes.
Alteration of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) at pH 9.2 and room temperature: a combined mineralogical and chemical study

Abstract Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) alteration was studied with flow-through experiments at 25°C and pH 9.2. Three materials with apparent Ca/Si ratios (C/S ratios) of 1.47, 1.38 and 0.86 were investigated. Physical (thermogravimetric analyses/differential thermal analysis), mineralogical (X-ray diffraction) and chemical (electron probe microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry) analyses were performed to characterize the reacting minerals. Initial stoichiometric C/S ratios were 1.22, 1.22 and 0.85, respectively. The excess of Ca is attributed mainly to the presence of calcium hydroxide intimately mixed in with C-S-H particles. The C-S-H chemical compositions were monitored during flow-through experiments in order to determine the mineral stoichiometry needed for reaction kinetics. Under our experimental conditions the stoichiometric C/S ratios decreased continuously with time. A close to stoichiometric dissolution was observed after 2 days of experiments. Using an integrated approach, the kinetics was found to be a function of the C/S. A decrease in layer-to-layer distance in the early stage of the alteration process is interpreted as interlayer Ca/Na exchange (Na being part of the pH buffering solution). A second dissolution step, marked by a close to stoichiometric release of Ca and Si, undoubtedly results from layer dissolution. The structural similarity of C-S-H and tobermorite was confirmed.
Role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in reducing the harmful effect of water stress on some physiological traits of popcorn

A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of field crops, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during the autumn season of 2017. In order to know the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in improving the physiological traits of popcorn crop under water stress, the split plot design was used with three replicates. The main plots included water stress treatments with three levels of irrigation, which were depletion 50% (Control), 60% and 70% of water availability, which were symbolized by S1, S2 and S3, respectively. The secondary plots included four treatments of bacterial vaccine (Control, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Azotobacter+Azospirillum) which were symbolized by F0, F1, F2 and F3, respectively. The results showed that the water stress treatment when irrigation by depletion 70% had a significant effect on the decrease in auxin content by 36.44%, gibberellic acid 11.14%, cytokinin 47.55%, chlorophyll 20.07%, relative water content 18.09% and turgor pressure 20.64%. Vaccination with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) significantly increased physiological characteristics, Azospirillum treatment gave the highest average of auxin and gibberellic acid content of 66.28 and 43.72 μM sequentially, the mixture treatment of Azotobacter+Azospirillum significantly increased chlorophyll and proline content, relative water content and turgor pressure of the leaves. Vaccination with types of PGPRs achieved the best contribution to a small effect of water stress when treated with Azospirillum and Azotobacter+Azospirillum. Therefore, we suggest that the vaccination of popcorn seeds is used with water stress.
ALS is a multistep process in South Korean, Japanese, and Australian patients

Objective To establish whether amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multistep process in South Korean and Japanese populations when compared to Australian cohorts. Methods We generated incident data by age and sex for Japanese (collected between April 2009 and March 2010) and South Korean patients with ALS (collected between January 2011 and December 2015). Mortality rates were provided for Australian patients with ALS (collected between 2007 and 2016). We regressed the log of age-specific incidence against the log of age with least squares regression for each ALS population. Results We identified 11,834 cases of ALS from the 3 populations, including 6,524 Australian, 2,264 Japanese, and 3,049 South Korean ALS cases. We established a linear relation between the log incidence and log age in the 3 populations: Australia r2 = 0.99, Japan r2 = 0.99, South Korea r2 = 0.99. The estimate slopes were similar across the 3 populations, being 5.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8–5.5) in Japanese, 5.4 (95% CI, 5.2–5.7) in Australian, and 4.4 (95% CI, 4.2–4.8) in South Korean patients. Conclusions The linear relationship between log age and log incidence is consistent with a multistage model of disease, with slope estimated suggesting that 6 steps were required in Japanese and Australian patients with ALS while 5 steps were needed in South Korean patients. Identification of these steps could identify novel therapeutic strategies.
Direct current (DC) resistivity and induced polarization (IP) monitoring of active layer dynamics at high temporal resolution

article i nfo With permafrost thawing and changes in active layer dynamics induced by climate change, interactions between biogeochemical and thermal processes in the ground are of great importance. Here, active layer dynamics have beenmonitored using direct current(DC)resistivityandinducedpolarization(IP)measurementsathightemporal resolution and at a relatively large scale at a heath tundra site on Disko Island on the west coast of Greenland (69°N). At the field site, the active layer is disconnected from the deeper permafrost, due to isothermal springs in the region. Borehole sediment characteristics and subsurface temperatures supplemented the DC-IP measure- ments. A time-lapse DC-IP monitoring system has been acquiring at least six datasets per day on a 42-electrode profile with 0.5 m electrode spacing since July 2013. Remote control of the data acquisition system enables inter- active adaptation of the measurement schedule, which is critically important to acquire data in the winter months, where extremelyhigh contact resistancesincrease the demands on the resistivity meter. Data acquired during the freezing period of October 2013 to February 2014 clearly image the soil freezing as a strong increase in resistivity. While the freezing horizon generally moves deeper with time, some variations in the freezing depth are observed along the profile. Comparison with depth-specific soil temperature indicates an exponential relationship between resistivity and below-freezing temperature. Time-lapse inversions of the full-decay IP data indicate a decrease of normalized chargeability with freezing of the ground, which is the result of a decrease in the total unfrozen water and of the higher ion concentration in the pore-water. We conclude that DC-IP time-lapse measurements can non-intrusively and reliably image freezing patterns and their lateral variation on a 10-100 m scale that is dif- ficult to sample by point measurements. In combination with laboratory experiments, the different patterns in re- sistivity and chargeability changes will enablethe disentanglement of processes (e.g., fluidmigration and freezing, advective and diffusive heat transport) occurring during freezing of the ground. The technology can be expanded to three dimensions and also to larger scale.
Controlling the induced anisotropy in soft magnetic films for high-frequency applications

— Nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe–Zr–N films were successfully deposited by dc magnetron reactive sputtering. The nitrogen content was controlled by varying the Ar/N 2 ratio and/or the substrate temperature. The films have saturation magnetization and induced uniaxial anisotropy values in the range 17–21 kG and 0–30 Oe, respectively. The origin of the induced anisotropy is discussed. The films can be used as magnetic cores for inductors at gigahertz frequencies.
Effects of aging and recall of common and uncommon first names using the face-name association technique compared with the pure-lists technique over repeated trials

Background: The face-name association technique (FNAT) is commonly used to investigate name recall in nonpathologic aging. This technique is appropriate for studying anomia, but the pure-list technique, in which participants see only names and do not need to form face-name associations, might be more appropriate for studying age-related name recall. Methods: Experiment 1 recruited 60 adults (30 younger and 30 older adults) to participate in the FNAT recognition task of 30 common and 30 uncommon names. In experiment 2, the same number and demographic of participants attempted to recall 30 common and 30 uncommon names. Both experiments utilized measurements of overall recall across 5 trials and a delayed recognition or recall trial. Measures of encoding (gained access) and consolidation (lost access) were also taken for the 5 initial trials in both experiments. Older participants received 50% extra study and recognition/recall time. Results: The FNAT experiment revealed an age-related episodic memory deficit for names. However, in cued recall, encoding, consolidation, retention/retrieval, and false alarm tests, older adults were significantly better than younger adults at recalling uncommon names, as opposed to common names. This lends support to the inhibition theory of name recall. Conversely, our second experiment revealed no age effect on any factors of name memory functioning, supporting node structure theory. Conclusions: The results of our experiments support previous findings that suggest an age-related deficit in name recall, but only in cases of anomia. Therefore, the FNAT methodology may be inappropriate for studying age-related name recall. It is possible that names are stored in the memory differently from nouns. We challenge the belief that older adults are significantly less able to recall names compared with other word types, which has implications for both memory self-efficacy questionnaires and research into eye-witness testimonies.
The Economic and Demographic Transition, Mortality, and Comparative Development * †

We present a theory of the economic and demographic transition where adult longevity, child mortality, fertility and the education composition of the population are jointly determined. The model allows for an investigation of the determinants of underdevelopment traps as well as of the mechanism that leads to an endogenous exit out of the trap. We also study the different roles of exogenous reductions in mortality and of permanent differences in extrinsic mortality for comparative development. The theory delivers a series of novel predictions which are illustrated with a simple dynamic simulation of the model. These predictions are shown to be consistent with evidence using both time series data and crosscountry panel data. Demographic Change, and the AEA Winter Meetings in San Francisco for helpful discussions and comments on an earlier version of this paper. We are also particularly grateful to David de la Croix for providing us with schooling data for Sweden and to Vegard Skirbekk for allowing us to reproduce some of his results. The usual disclaimer applies.