Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study on perception and practice of menstruation among rural adolescent school girls in a district of West Bengal

Research question: What is the status of knowledge of rural adolescent school girls about menstruation in West Bengal and their practice during menstruation? Setting: A school-based descriptive study was conducted in Chandipur block of Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal selected by multi-stage random sampling during November – December 2011. Study design: Cross-sectional. Participants: 510 girl students of class VIII-X from four Secondary schools. Methodology: Data were collected by interview method with the help of a pre-tested predesigned schedule. Results: Mean age of the girls was 14.2 ± 0.9 years. Majority of the girls were Hindu (96.5%), of general caste (76.7%) and from nuclear family (56.3%) while one-fourth of them having illiterate mothers. Majority of girls had not heard about menstruation at the time of menarche (55.7%) while 65.3% were afraid after first menstruation. Friends acted as source of their knowledge in most cases (25%). Majority used (69.8%) cloth pieces during menstruation and 56.7% put the washed cloth pieces in shade for drying. 80.3% of the girls faced some sort of restrictions during periods, majority was from religious activities (58.6%) while 3.1% did not take bath daily at that time. Reproductive tract infection in adolescent girls mostly being due to improper practices during menstruation, urgent action on this problem is the needed to get healthy adolescent girls in our country to have healthy future mothers.
Determination of Soils Erodibility Factor (K) for Selected Sites in Imo State, Nigeria

The incidence of erosion in the southeastern part of the country is prevalent and numerous with minimal solutions available to ameliorate its consequences thus reducing the assurances of food security. This study aims at determining the erodibility factor (K) of selected soils in Imo State by measuring parameters such as grain-size distribution, soil structure and texture classification, hydraulic conductivity and organic matter content of soils using standard procedures. The study area soil map was generated from Landsat Imaging and soil samples were collected from eight (8) locations (Ehime Mbano, Ideato North, Ikeduru, Oguta, Ohaji-Egbema, Okigwe, Orlu and Owerri West Local Government Areas). The K-Values obtained for each of the locations are as follows, 0.023, 0.066, 0.045, 0.053, 0.060, 0.039, 0.062 and 0.067 respectively. Ideato North, Ohaji-Egbema, Orlu and Owerri West has the highest K-values of 0.066, 0.053, 0.060, 0.062 and 0.067 while Ehime Mbano, Okigwe and Ikeduru have low to moderate K-values of 0.023, 0.045 and 0.039 respectively all based on standard erodibility indices. The study also implies that areas with high erodibility factor represent areas that have high propensity to erosion or have been eroded while areas showing low to moderate erodibility factor depict areas that have low incidences of erosion. Nevertheless, if all areas (areas with low, moderate and high K values) are properly maintained, managed and conserved fertility levels can be boosted to guarantee assurances for food security.
HETEROGENEITY IN R&D COOPERATION: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

This work explores the roles of potential simultaneity and heterogeneity in Italian manufacturing firms. Partnerships with other firms, research institutions, universities and other small centres are considered jointly by applying a multivariate probit specification. This allows for systematic correlations among different cooperation choices. The results support the hypothesis that the four cooperation decisions are interdependent. The decision to cooperate in R&D differs significantly depending on the cooperation options. Public support, the researcher intensity and the size are all of importance in determining R&D alliance strategies.
Effect of Feeding Different Mixtures of Short Milled Wheat and Sesame Seed Cake on Intake, Digestibility, and Live Bodyweight Changes for Abergelle Sheep in Tigray

The experiment was designed using yearling male rams and was divided into four blocks based on initial live weight and assigned to each dietary feed randomly. The diets were prepared at a level of 0, 120, 240, and 360 gram dry matter base/day for diet1, diet2, diet3, and diet4, respectively, with a proportion of 65:35 (short milled wheat: sesame seed cake) combinations. Digestibility trial was conducted for 7 consecutive days following the 90 days feeding stage.
Velarisation of bilabial consonants in Russian

The research in question is aimed at the experimental MRI-investigation of articulatory gestures corresponding to Russian bilabial non-palatalized phonemes [b] and [m]. Being estimated as the prominent type of velarized consonants in Russian, these phonemes have been taken as target group in a series of MRI experiments to study palatalisation – velarisation relationship in the Russian phonetic system. An experimental dataset was based upon 2D MR-images, audioand video recordings taken from 2 native speakers of Russian (male and female) producing VCCV sequences (Russian pseudo-words with the second vowel stressed) containing labial consonants in the vocalic contexts [a]_[a], [a]_[e]. The original experimental method of MRI investigation relied on gated and time-related MR-scanning of numerous repetitions of the same speech sequence for further reconstruction of articulatory movement(s) progressing in time being plotted from MR-images across several repetitions within a session. Experimental data present a considerable grade of image matching for both labial consonants, either nasal or non-nasal, in the [a]_[a] frameset (except soft palate configuration in nasals). However, we revealed distinct differences in tongue position and form of the tongue blade on articulatory contours taken from MR-images of sectional sagittal view of the mouth cavity for the labial phonemes under investigation placed in the [a]_[e] frameset. In this context the main difference between nasal and non-nasal labial consonants’ articulations seems to be determined not only by the specific configuration and position of the soft palate (velum), but by the conflicting articulations of consonant’s velarisation requirements on the one part, and anticipatory look-ahead coarticulation to the mid-high centralized vowel [e], on the other. We suppose the observed differences being the main reason for several phonotactical constraints observed in the modern Russian language pronunciation practice. Thus, Russian standard pronunciation dictionaries contain only very few words (mainly adopted from other languages) with the hard labial nasal consonant [m] or bi-labial stop consonant [b] preceding vowel [e] in a root or within the single syllable.
M2P3: multimodal multi-pedestrian path prediction by self-driving cars with egocentric vision

Accurate prediction of the future position of pedestrians in traffic scenarios is required for safe navigation of an autonomous vehicle but remains a challenge. This concerns, in particular, the effective and efficient multimodal prediction of most likely trajectories of tracked pedestrians from egocentric view of self-driving car. In this paper, we present a novel solution, named M2P3, which combines a conditional variational autoencoder with recurrent neural network encoder-decoder architecture in order to predict a set of possible future locations of each pedestrian in a traffic scene. The M2P3 system uses a sequence of RGB images delivered through an internal vehicle-mounted camera for egocentric vision. It takes as an input only two modes, that are past trajectories and scales of pedestrians, and delivers as an output the three most likely paths for each tracked pedestrian. Experimental evaluation of the proposed architecture on the JAAD and ETH/UCY datasets reveal that the M2P3 system is significantly superior to selected state-of-the-art solutions.
Selective removal of soluble lignin from pre-hydrolysis liquor of bamboo willow dissolving pulp

The selective removal of lignin can be a profitable value-added utilization for the pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) produced during kraft-based dissolving pulp production. In this work, the soluble lignin was removed from PHL using CaCl2, Al2(SO4)3, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and a CPAM/Al2(SO4)3 dual-system treatment. The results of zeta potential recording revealed that 8.86% of soluble lignin was removed by CaCl2 treatment through charge neutralization and adsorption, and 13.1% soluble lignin was removed by CPAM through charge neutralization and flocculation bridging. The optimal dosages of CaCl2, CPAM, Al2(SO4)3, and CPAM/Al2(SO4)3 dual-system treatments were 2.0 wt%, 30 ppm, 300 ppm, and 60/300 ppm respectively, at which the soluble lignin removals were 8.09%, 9.24%, 18.3%, and 25.0%, respectively. Additionally, the total sugar loss by the CPAM/Al2(SO4)3 dual-system treatment was higher than that by other individual systems; however, the soluble lignin selective removal by the CaCl2 treatment was the highest, at over 80%.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND LEADERSHIP Relationships between emotional intelligence and perceived and actual leadership effectiveness in a military context Abstract Despite the importance of emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness, few studies

Relationships between emotional intelligence and perceived and actual leadership effectiveness in a military context Abstract Despite the importance of emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness, few studies have been conducted in real-life contexts and few have distinguished between perceived and actual leadership effectiveness. This repeated measures study involving 86 officer cadets from the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) investigated these relationships in a military context. Quantitative data were collected from two self-report questionnaires: the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale and the Perceived Leadership Effectiveness Scale. These two self-report tools were also administered to the participants’ peers to examine the agreement between self and other assessments of emotional intelligence. A behavior-based leadership assessment rubric completed by the participants’ supervisors was used to determine actual leadership performance. Significant positive relationships were found between emotional intelligence and both perceived and actual leadership effectiveness, as assessed by peers and supervisors, respectively. This study contributes to the understanding of emotional intelligence as a global construct, and demonstrates that it is significantly associated with leadership effectiveness in a military training context. The findings have practical implications for using emotional intelligence to enhance leadership effectiveness.
The macrolocalization features of plastic deformation

The behavior exhibited by localized plasticity domains at the final stage of the plastic flow process upon a transition to macroscopic necking and viscous fracture is considered. A series of experiments was conducted on materials differing in crystal lattice type. This enables one to establish the regular features of the process, which are revealed by the concerted motion of the flow domains towards the center of the trajectories bundle in the “co-ordinate-time” space. It is found that the fracture patterns are related to the kinetics of nucleation and motion of localized plasticity fronts. The probable source of the observed effects is considered. Key-Words: Deformation, Macrolocalization, Necking, Localized plasticity domains, Pre-fracture patterns
Comparing the effect of clomiphene citrate and letrozole on ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of letrozole and clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovaries. METHODS The double-blind randomised clinical trial study was conducted from September 22, 2012 to March 20, 2013, at the Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran, and comprised infertile women with polycystic ovaries. The subjects were classified into two groups. Patients who received letrozole 5mg tablets per night formed group A, and those who received clomiphene citrate 50mg tablets per night formed group B. The medication continued for 3-7 days in each group. On the 13th day, transvaginal sonography with multi-frequency vaginal probe was done to check the number and the size of dominant follicle and endometrial thickness. Human chorionic gonadotrophin 5000 IU ampoule, 10000 IU per night, was administered intramuscularly for ovulation in the case of dominant follicle over 18mm and the insemination was recommended 24-36h after injection. Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin was determined 16 days after the injection by immunoassay technique. The patients were followed up for 12 months. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis. RESULTS There were 220 patients; 110(50%) in each of the two groups. The mean age of patients in group A was 26.2±3.6 years and that in group B was 27±3.6 years. Endometrial thickness in group A was significantly greater compared to group B (p=0.001). The clinical consequence of drug use (pregnancy) in group A was better than group B (p=0.007). Conclusion Although more clinical studies are needed, letrozole is recommended for women with polycystic ovaries and those resistant to clomiphene citrate.
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 1057--1079, 2004

During the field experiment of winter mesoscale convective systems over the Sea of Japan in 2001 (WMO-01), several snowbands associated with a cold front developed remarkably at 10@30 km off the coast of Hokuriku district on 28 and 29 January 2001. Dual-Doppler radar analysis was made to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the successive development of the snowbands. Derived wind fields revealed that a mesoscale convergence line was formed between the prevailing westerly and shallow (@1 km depth), cold southwesterly winds that blew from inland toward Toyama bay. As the downshear-tilting convective cells in the snowbands approached the convergence line, they became almost upright and their height increased from 4 km to 6@7 km. The edge of the southwesterly cold air temporarily became indistinct because of the entrainment of the air into the convective cells that developed aloft. However, the subsequent advection of the cold southwesterly reestablished the convergence line, and enabled the successive development of following snowbands.
ACTUAL POSSIBILITIES OF DAMAGE EVALUATION OF MACHINES WITH ROTATING PARTS BY ACOUSTIC EMISSION

Authors present an overview of the contemporary applications of acoustic emission method for the diagnosis of non-standard operating conditions of machines with rotating parts. The main attention is focused on operational diagnostics of axial and radial bearings. In part are reviewed also options of supplementary use of the AE method for the diagnosis of damage of gears and real gearboxes. This overview of published results is confronted with the practical experiences gained during the implementation of several projects at Laboratory of Acoustic Emission of the Institute of Machine and Industrial Design in Brno University of Technology.
Family Matters: People’s Perceptions of Family Members Dating Interracially

Family members significantly influence dating behaviors and their support is instrumental for a healthy relationship (e.g., Wang et al., 2006). Although many interracial couples report family disapproval of their relationship (e.g., Inman et al., 2011), few studies have asked family members directly about their attitudes towards these couples. We asked three-hundred twentynine White participants how they feel, what they think, and how they would behave towards a couple consisting of either their brother or their sister with a White, Black, or Asian partner. Results revealed that participants’ level of internal motivation to control prejudice (IMS) consistently moderated perceptions of interracial couples. Specifically, high levels of IMS were associated with positive affect, beliefs, and behaviors towards White siblings dating a non-White partner. The findings suggest that IMS may be key in understanding how individuals perceive interracial couples involving a family member.
Astrocyte Infection during Rabies Encephalitis Depends on the Virus Strain and Infection Route as Demonstrated by Novel Quantitative 3D Analysis of Cell Tropism

Although conventional immunohistochemistry for neurotropic rabies virus (RABV) usually shows high preference for neurons, non-neuronal cells are also potential targets, and abortive astrocyte infection is considered a main trigger of innate immunity in the CNS. While in vitro studies indicated differences between field and less virulent lab-adapted RABVs, a systematic, quantitative comparison of astrocyte tropism in vivo is lacking. Here, solvent-based tissue clearing was used to measure RABV cell tropism in infected brains. Immunofluorescence analysis of 1 mm-thick tissue slices enabled 3D-segmentation and quantification of astrocyte and neuron infection frequencies. Comparison of three highly virulent field virus clones from fox, dog, and raccoon with three lab-adapted strains revealed remarkable differences in the ability to infect astrocytes in vivo. While all viruses and infection routes led to neuron infection frequencies between 7–19%, striking differences appeared for astrocytes. Whereas astrocyte infection by field viruses was detected independent of the inoculation route (8–27%), only one lab-adapted strain infected astrocytes route-dependently [0% after intramuscular (i.m.) and 13% after intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation]. Two lab-adapted vaccine viruses lacked astrocyte infection altogether (0%, i.c. and i.m.). This suggests a model in which the ability to establish productive astrocyte infection in vivo functionally distinguishes field and attenuated lab RABV strains.
Differences between indexes in situation efficiency of recreational table tennis players in two different seasons

For players' situational performance analysis, the basic and most useful indicator of game quality is precisely the result achieved in a particular sports competition. The basic aim of the research is to question to what extent indexes directly derived from the results of individual table tennis games can distinguish between table tennis players at different league levels, during two different years. The final sample comprised 1597 table tennis players competing in various recreational table tennis leagues in SOKAZ, during two championships in 2006 (803 players) and two championships in 2007 (794 players), playing in leagues ranging from 1 to 20. Indexes of efficacy for an individual in table tennis competition were defined. We found that there was a significant difference in the indexes of efficiency, according to the league level in the table tennis championships (relative competition success is not approximately the same). We found that there was a significant difference in the indexes of efficiency, according to the year of competition in the table tennis championships (relative competition success is different in 2006, compared with 2007). We found that there were no differences in the indexes of efficiency according to the interaction of the two factors: year of competition and league level in the table tennis championships (relative competition success is approximately the same).
Benefits of Government Bank Debt Guarantees: Evidence from the Debt Guarantee Program

Bank liability guarantees have been an important tool to help stabilize banking systems for decades. Many aspects of design and effectiveness continue to be debated. How much, if any, should liability guarantees provide a subsidy to banks? Should weaker banks be permitted to enjoy greater subsidies? A bank bond insurance program executed in 2008 and 2009 provides a special opportunity to observe and measure bank benefits during a crisis period. The opportunity is especially rich because it presents an opportunity to observe how the term structure of credit spreads can be compared to a term structure of insurance premia charged. The relationship between the two term structures provides a potential template for the design of future bank liability insurance programs and also helps test alternative theories of corporate bond credit spreads. He and Xiong (2012), suggest credit spread slopes will tend to be negative during a crisis while, in contrast, Gorton, Metrick, and Xie (2014) suggest a positive slope. Our results support the former where this finding has very important implications for the design and effectiveness of insurance premia charged by bank liability insurers. We find that the term structure of the insurance premia charged enhanced the benefits that weaker banks received and may have helped to prevent bank failures. This finding is consistent with the theory that the liability insurance program meant to stabilize the financial system was designed in the spirit of those who feared a financial accelerator effect could have led to an even more severe economic downturn.
Approximation smooth and sparse functions by deep neural networks without saturation

Constructing neural networks for function approximation is a classical and longstanding topic in approximation theory. In this paper, we aim at constructing deep neural networks (deep nets for short) with three hidden layers to approximate smooth and sparse functions. In particular, we prove that the constructed deep nets can reach the optimal approximation rate in approximating both smooth and sparse functions with controllable magnitude of free parameters. Since the saturation that describes the bottleneck of approximate is an insurmountable problem of constructive neural networks, we also prove that deepening the neural network with only one more hidden layer can avoid the saturation. The obtained results underlie advantages of deep nets and provide theoretical explanations for deep learning.
WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY POLICY AND THE PREDICTABILITY OF NOMINAL EXCHANGE RATES Martin Eichenbaum

This paper studies how the monetary policy regime affects the relative importance of nominal exchange rates and inflation rates in shaping the response of real exchange rates to shocks. We document two facts about inflation-targeting countries. First, the current real exchange rate predicts future changes in the nominal exchange rate. Second, the real exchange rate is a poor predictor of future inflation rates. We estimate a medium-size DSGE open-economy model that accounts quantitatively for these facts as well as other empirical properties of real and nominal exchange rates. The key estimated shocks that accounts for the dynamics of exchange rates and their covariance with inflation are disturbances to the foreign demand for dollar-denominated bonds. Martin Eichenbaum Department of Economics Northwestern University 2003 Sheridan Road Evanston, IL 60208 and NBER eich@northwestern.edu Benjamin K. Johannsen Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 20th and C Streets, N.W. Washington, DC 20551 benjamin.k. johannsen@frb.gov Sergio Rebelo Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management Department of Finance Leverone Hall Evanston, IL 60208-2001 and CEPR and also NBER s-rebelo@northwestern.edu