Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling in the environment: from tsunamis to powder-snow avalanches

The present manuscript is devoted to the mathematical modeling of several environmental problems ranging from water waves to powder-snow avalanches. This Habilitation is organized globally in three parts. The first part is essentially introductive and contains also the complete description of my scientific activities. Scientific works dealing with water waves are regrouped in Part II. The spectrum of covered topics is large. We start by proposing in Chapter 3 a generalized Lagrangian for the water wave problem. This generalization allows for easy and flexible derivation of approximate models in shallow, deep and intermediate waters. Some questions of viscous wave damping are also investigated in the same chapter. Chapter 4 is entirely devoted to various aspects of tsunami wave modeling. We investigate the complete range of physical processes from the generation, through energy transformations and propagation up to the run-up onto coasts. The next Chapter 5 is devoted specifically to the numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of the inundation phenomena. This question is studied by various approaches: Nonlinear Shallow Water Equations (NSWE) solved analytically and numerically, Boussinesq-type systems and two-fluid Navier-Stokes equations. In Part III we investigate two important questions belonging to the field of multi-fluid flows. Chapter 6 is essentially devoted to the formal justification of the single-velocity two-phase model proposed earlier for aerated flows modeling. Several numerical results are presented as well. Moreover, similar analytical computations performed in a simpler barotropic setting are provided in Appendix A. These results could apply, for example, to the simulation of violent wave breaking. Finally, in Chapter 7 we propose a novel model for powder-snow avalanche flows. This system is derived from classical bi-fluid Navier-Stokes equations and has several nice properties. Numerical simulations of the avalanche interaction with obstacle are also presented.
Gravitational circulation in straits and estuaries

A coupled set of partial differential equations and associated boundary conditions is written to describe circulation and salt-flux processes for estuaries in which turbulent mixing results primarily from tidal currents. Similarity solutions, motivated by characteristic salinity distributions observed in estuaries, are obtained for this set of equations and are compared with observational data. The circulation is separated into modes analogous to the barotropic, baroclinic, and Ekman modes of oceanic circulation. The salinity distribution, although coupled to the velocity distribution, is found to vary independently of it as well. The theoretical results are discussed in regard to: (i) correlation between the vertical variations of mean velocity and salinity, (ii) the role of this correlation in maintaining the steady-state salinity distribution in estuaries, and (iii) some implications for computations of flushing and dispersion of contaminants.
Adaptive Finite element approximation of steady flows of incompressible fluids with implicit power-law-like rheology

We develop the a posteriori error analysis of finite element approximations of implicit power-law-like models for viscous incompressible fluids. The Cauchy stress and the symmetric part of the velocity gradient in the class of models under consideration are related by a, possibly multi--valued, maximal monotone $r$-graph, with $\frac{2d}{d+1} < $r$ < ∞. We establish upper and lower bounds on the finite element residual, as well as the local stability of the error bound. We then consider an adaptive finite element approximation of the problem, and, under suitable assumptions, we show the weak convergence of the adaptive algorithm to a weak solution of the boundary-value problem. The argument is based on a variety of weak compactness techniques, including Chacon's biting lemma and a finite element counterpart of the Acerbi--Fusco Lipschitz truncation of Sobolev functions, introduced by L. Diening, C. Kreuzer and E. Suli [Finite element approximation of steady flows of incompressible fluids with implicit power-law-like rheology.
Effect of a 6-month vegan low-carbohydrate (‘Eco-Atkins’) diet on cardiovascular risk factors and body weight in hyperlipidaemic adults: a randomised controlled trial

Objective Low-carbohydrate diets may be useful for weight loss. Diets high in vegetable proteins and oils may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. The main objective was to determine the longer term effect of a diet that was both low-carbohydrate and plant-based on weight loss and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Design, setting, participants A parallel design study of 39 overweight hyperlipidaemic men and postmenopausal women conducted at a Canadian university-affiliated hospital nutrition research centre from April 2005 to November 2006. Intervention Participants were advised to consume either a low-carbohydrate vegan diet or a high-carbohydrate lacto-ovo vegetarian diet for 6 months after completing 1-month metabolic (all foods provided) versions of these diets. The prescribed macronutrient intakes for the low-carbohydrate and high-carbohydrate diets were: 26% and 58% of energy from carbohydrate, 31% and 16% from protein and 43% and 25% from fat, respectively. Primary outcome Change in body weight. Results 23 participants (50% test, 68% control) completed the 6-month ad libitum study. The approximate 4 kg weight loss on the metabolic study was increased to −6.9 kg on low-carbohydrate and −5.8 kg on high-carbohydrate 6-month ad libitum treatments (treatment difference (95% CI) −1.1 kg (−2.1 to 0.0), p=0.047). The relative LDL-C and triglyceride reductions were also greater on the low-carbohydrate treatment (treatment difference (95% CI) −0.49 mmol/L (−0.70 to −0.28), p<0.001 and −0.34 mmol/L (−0.57 to −0.11), p=0.005, respectively), as were the total cholesterol:HDL-C and apolipoprotein B:A1 ratios (−0.57 (−0.83, −0.32), p<0.001 and −0.05 (−0.09, −0.02), p=0.003, respectively). Conclusions A self-selected low-carbohydrate vegan diet, containing increased protein and fat from gluten and soy products, nuts and vegetable oils, had lipid lowering advantages over a high-carbohydrate, low-fat weight loss diet, thus improving heart disease risk factors. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/), #NCT00256516.
Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Evaluation of KunuZaki Beverage Produced by Substitution of Sweet Potatoes with Date Fruits

Different blends of millet and dry date fruits; 100:20, 100:30 100:40 and 100:50 % of millet/date fruits were soaked overnight and were wet milled with ginger and cloves using equal volume of water. Each of the wet milled blends was divided into three equal parts. Each of the two parts was prepared into a porridge using hot water and was mixed with the respective remaining part, left overnight, sieved with muslin cloth to produce the ‘kunu-zaki’ samples: K20, K30, K40 and K50. Sample KC was produced the same way using 100:40% millet/sweet potatoes. The physicochemical and sensory properties of the ‘kunu-zaki’ samples: millets/date fruits and millet/sweet potatoes blends were compared. The results showed that the pH, viscosity, oBrix value, TTA and sedimentation rate of the millet/date fruits blends and millet/sweet potatoes blend all fell within the range values of 4.04 – 4.66, 0.008 – 0.0130 Pas, 6.0 – 6.8 oBx, 0.387 – 0.459 %lactic acid and 2.267 – 3.267 ml/min respectively. The sensory results showed that the millet/date fruits blends scored higher than millet/sweet potatoes blend in all the sensory parameters studied. Sample K50 was the most preferred while sample K20 was the least preferred among the millet/date fruit blends.
Study Confirms Safety and Effectiveness of Intra-Articular Glucocorticoids for Painful Hip Dislocation in Children and Young Adults with Neurologic Impairment

Background: Hip dislocation is a common source of pain in children with neurologic impairment. When medical interventions fail, orthopedic surgery does not guarantee a definitive result as the displacement may continue postoperatively and a second operation is often required. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data regarding the safety and effectiveness of an intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACI) in 11 patients, aged 15 ± 5 years old, collected through a telephonic questionnaire administered to parents. Results: 21 IACIs were performed, a mean number of 1.9 ± 1.5 times for each patient, at a mean age (of the first IACI) of 13.5 ± 5 years. According to the parents, the IACI significantly lowered the number of participants experiencing pain (82% reduction) and using analgesics (60% reduction). There was also a significant improvement in the children’s hip mobility (63% reduction in patients experiencing stiffness), decubitus (90% reduction in obligated positioning), behavior (80% reduction in lamenting or crying patients), sleep quality (87.5% reduction in patients awakening every night), and caregivers’ quality of life (91% reduction in worried parents). The mean reported duration of the IACIs’ benefit was 5.4 ± 2.4 months (range 1–9), with a positive correlation with the number of IACIs (r = 0.48; p-value = 0.04) and a negative correlation with the age at the first injection (r = −0.71; p-value = 0.02). The only reported adverse event was mild local swelling in one child. Conclusions: the IACI could represent a safe and effective intervention for painful hip dislocation, both before and after surgery, with a long-lasting benefit which seems to increase as multiple IACIs are performed.
A disaster resilient built environment in urban cities : the need to empower local governments

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Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Sevoflurane With or Without Ondansetron Compared with Propofol in Female Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery

Implications We studied 180 female patients undergoing breast surgery. The patients were randomly allocated to receive one of three anesthetic techniques. Compared with either propofol or sevoflurane alone, sevoflurane with ondansetron resulted in a decreased incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Sevoflurane with ondansetron prophylaxis is a good alternative to propofol with respect to avoiding postoperative nausea and vomiting.
The Effects of Online Learning Experience During the The Effects of Online Learning Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students’ Satisfaction, COVID-19 Pandemic on Students’ Satisfaction, Adjustment, Performance, and Loyalty Adjustment, Performance, and Loyalty

This research investigates the student online learning experience (SOLE) during the 2020 spring COVID-19 pandemic. We collected quantitative data through an online survey from 362 international students and 488 domestic students at a large Polish University. Correlation and path analysis within a conceptual model of SOLE and its academic outcomes established that (1) SOLE explained adjustment, performance, satisfaction, and loyalty; (2) academic adjustment predicted performance, satisfaction, and loyalty; (3) academic performance and
FURTHER PROPERTIES OF ZAGREB INDICES

The ﬁrst Zagreb index M 1 is equal to the sum of the squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index M 2 is equal to the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices of the underlying molecular graph. We present upper bounds for M 1 and M 2 in terms of the number of vertices, number of edges, minimum vertex degree and maximum vertex degree.
Impact of Gender Differences on Students’ Performance in Mathematics within Selected Secondary Schools of Gicumbi District, Rwanda

: The main objective of this study was to examine the impact of gender differences on students' performance in mathematics in secondary schools in Gicumbi District, Northern province, Rwanda. The adopted research design was a descriptive survey. The study involved a total of one hundred and three (103) participants, consisting of ninety-seven (97) students and six (6) mathematics teachers from three purposively selected schools by using a simple random sampling method. Quantitative data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science software version 20 (SPSS) employing frequencies, bar charts, percentages, means, standard deviations, and t-tests. Validation of the instruments was done by addressing instruments to the supervisor to check, and peer reading by fellow masters students was used. The table of specification was used to check the content validity for mathematics test and two mathematics teachers of senior five were consulted and their comments were used to improve the instruments for beginning the collection of data. This study revealed that girls score better in mathematics than boys. In the mathematics test, girls achieved an average of 12.42 while boys scored an average of 10.82. This demonstrated that there were large disparities between boys' and girls' performance. It was recommended that remedial interventions that emphasize on these differences between boys and girls should be reinforced. Gender bias should not be present in mathematics teaching and assessment methods to help all learners understand that they are able to compete and perform well in the same condition.
Increasing Access to Rural Mental Health Care Using Hybrid Care That Includes Telepsychiatry

There is a lack of access to mental health care in rural areas of the United States. One potential strategy for increasing access and improving health outcomes for rural dwellers is offering hybrid psychiatric care, a combination of in-person and telepsychiatry services. Although prior research has shown telepsychiatry can help overcome access barriers, there is a lack of research on the use of hybrid care for patients in rural areas following an inpatient admission or an emergency department visit—a time when many patients are in high need of follow-up care. The aim of this project was to examine process and outcome measures associated with mental health to determine the effectiveness of delivering hybrid care to Medicaid-covered patients in rural Missouri following an inpatient admission or an emergency department visit. Data from 242 patients were analyzed using a retrospective quasi-experimental design. The group with hybrid telepsychiatry plus in-person visits had improved timeliness of care and increased number of total outpatient encounters compared to the group with in-person visits only, indicating hybrid care may be more effective than in-person visits alone are. The current study suggests that offering telepsychiatry can help close the gap in access to mental health care between rural and urban populations, particularly during the time after an inpatient admission or an emergency department visit. As telepsychiatry service options continue to grow, making this delivery mode available to rural populations may have a positive impact on mental health outcomes in the United States.
Investigating Second Language Acquisition in Preschools: A longitudinal study of four Vietnamese‐speaking children's acquisition of English in a bilingual preschool

Abstract This article discusses a recent longitudinal study of four, Vietnamese‐speaking 4‐year‐olds' acquisition of English as a second language in a bilingual preschool over 1 year. The research examines the learners' English language output in interaction between the teacher and peers and identifies the key factors which influenced their development of English. A major feature of the learners' data was their dominant use of single words rather than reliance on chunked language. These single words provided the basis for later development of more complex utterances. Commonalities and substantial differences were documented between the learners in terms of the amount of English that was produced, the learners' approaches to interaction and their development of English.
Gusau Journal of Accounting and Finance (GUJAF)

Earnings metrics are major financial indicators which capital market participants and investors focus on for informed decisions. Because reporting earnings increase may enhance firms’ stock price, many managers are motivated to avoid reporting earnings decreases, but prefer to consistently report increase earnings greater than its previous valuation. There is evidence that such practice has led to a situation of conspicuous upward shift in frequency of observations, starting from the left of identified earnings benchmark to the right. Recent studies have shown that a change in accounting regulation may have effects on the shape of the firm-year distribution of earnings. This paper examines the discontinuity evidence for Nigeria, in relation to the adoption of the international financial reporting standard. The aim is to establish whether discontinuity in earnings, represented by the asset-scaled net profits, as well the discontinuity in earnings-change, has reduced following the adoption. According to literature, the study employs three methods – empirical histogram, standardise differences tests and the permutation tests – to validate the aims. The findings suppose evidence for increase in discontinuity, indicating increased in small profits’ earnings management, after the adoption. Contrary, the evidence is not sufficient to conclude that the discontinuity has increase for the earnings-change. It can be argued that the adoption has not achieve much in ensuring firms are monitored against earnings management to avoid losses. The study has limitation, since it considers only the distributions of earnings and earnings-changes. The distribution of forecast errors is not investigated because such is influence by forecast management. Future studies may consider this for improvement.
Effect of integrated weed management practices on growth and yield of ( Triticum aestivum L.) wheat under timely sown condition

An agronomic investigation to study the response of integrated weed management (IWM) in wheat crop. Research was conducted during Rabi season of 2020-21 an agricultural Farm at Rama University, Kanpur 209217 (U.P) India. The experiment was laid out in RBD design with three replication and 10 different integrated weed management treatments. The results of the experiment showed that major weed flora identified in the fields were non grassy weeds (Krishnaneel, Senji, Bathua and Gajri etc.) which was dominated over grassy weeds and sedges with Anagallis arvensis being the most dominant weed. Weed free check (Two hand weeding 25 and 40 DAS) performed significantly superior to all the weed management practices. However, among weed control practices, treatment (Sulfosulfuron-ethyl + MSE @ 35 g a. i. ha) were recorded minimum weed density 8.20 m -2 and 7.36 m -2 at 60 DAS and 90DAS, respectively), weed dry weight (6.68 gm -2 and 5.21 gm -2 at 60 and 90 DAS), minimum weed index (2.96), maximum weed control efficiency, maximum dry matter accumulation per plant, maximum leaf area index, maximum length of the spike, maximum number of grains per spike (54.89), maximum grain weight (14.10 g per plant), maximum test weight (35.86 g), maximum grain yield (42.72 qha -1 ), straw yield (67.71 qha -1 ). Maximum biological yield (110.23 qha -1 ), harvest index (38.76), was recorded under treatment T 8 (Sulfosulfuron-ethyl + MSE @ 35 g a. i. ha). Maximum B: C ratio of 3.25 was also achieved with the treatment comprising Sulfosulfuron-ethyl + MSE @ 35 g a. i. ha.
HYDROMORPHOLOGY OF ANOMALOUS BRIGHT LOAMY SOILS ON THE MID-ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN

Title of Thesis HYDROMORPHOLOGY OF ANOMALOUS BRIGHT LOAMY SOILS ON THE MID-ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN Philip Klaus Zurheide, Master of Science, 2008 Thesis Directed by: Professor Martin C. Rabenhorst Department of Environmental Science and Technology Some loamy textured soils along the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain undergo extended periods of saturation or ponding, yet lack the hydromorphology that identifies them as hydric by any of the currently approved Field Indicators of Hydric Soils (FI). Termed Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils (ABLS), these were identified at four research sites on the Delmarva Peninsula. The hydrologic and biogeochemical status of these soils was monitored for three years along a hydrosequence at each site. A series of field and lab experiments were run to investigate the possible causes for the ABLS-phenomenon. The most likely cause is a combination of low hydrologic gradient coupled with the length of time since saturation. Using observed morphology, a newly developed Field Indicator successfully discriminated between five hydric soils that lacked an approved indicator and those that were not hydric. This indicator has now been approved as an official FI of Hydric Soils (F20). HYDROMORPHOLOGY OF ANOMALOUS BRIGHT LOAMY SOILS ON THE MID-ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN by Philip Klaus Zurheide Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland at College Park in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2008 Advisory Committee: Dr. Martin C. Rabenhorst, Chair/Advisor Dr. Bruce R. James Dr. Brian A. Needelman
Prognostic factors for failure of nonoperative management in adults with blunt splenic injury: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Contradictory findings are reported in the literature concerning prognostic factors for failure of nonoperative management (NOM) in the treatment of adults with blunt splenic injury. The objective of this systematic review was to identify prognostic factors for failure of NOM, with or without angiography and embolization. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. Prospective or retrospective cohort studies addressing failure of nonoperative treatment, with and/or without angiography and embolization, of blunt abdominal injuries were included. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed. RESULTS A total of 335 titles and abstracts were screened, of which 31 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No randomized controlled trials were found. Ten articles were qualified as high-quality articles and used for data extraction (best-evidence synthesis). A total of 25 prognostic factors were investigated, of which 14 were statistically significant in one or more studies. Strong evidence exists that age of 40 years or above, Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 25 or greater, and splenic injury grade of 3 or greater are prognostic factors for failure of NOM. Moderate evidence was found for a splenic Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 3 or greater, trauma and ISS of less than 0.80, the presence of an intraparenchymal contrast blush, as well as transfusion of 1 unit of packed red blood cells or more. Limited evidence was found for large hemoperitoneum, lower Revised Trauma Score, lower Glasgow Coma Scale score, lower systolic blood pressure, male sex, the presence of traumatic brain injury, and splenic embolization as protective factor for failure of NOM. CONCLUSION Awareness for failure of NOM is required in patients aged 40 years or older, in patients with an ISS of 25 or higher or those with splenic injury grade 3 or higher. The prognostic factors for failure that we identified should be confirmed in future prospective cohort studies or meta-analyses using individual patient data. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Systematic review, level III.