Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Clues to Differentiate between Dermatophyte Onychomycosis (DP-OM) and Dermatophytoma-Like Traumatic Onychodystrophy (DP-TO)

Background Dermatophytoma is a recalcitrant condition of onychomycosis (OM). It presents as a white- or yellow-colored fungal mass that appears linear/triangular or round on a nail plate. Traumatic onychodystrophy (TO) can present with dermatophytoma-like lesions. Typically, OM and TO are not clinically distinguishable. Mycological testing is the gold standard for differentiating these disorders. Objectives This study is aimed at differentiating between the clinical and dermoscopic factors related to dermatophytoma onychomycosis (DP-OM) and dermatophytoma-like traumatic onychodystrophy (DP-TO). Methods A retrospective study was conducted of patients with dermatophytoma-like nail lesions who visited the Siriraj Nail Clinic between January 2010 and July 2020. The diagnosis of DP-OM was made by direct microscopy, fungal cultures, and histopathology of nail clippings. Results A total of 36 nails were included in the study. Thirteen nails were DP-OM, and 23 nails were DP-TO. The demographic data and risk factors for the 2 groups were not significantly different. Dermatophytoma lesions were found on the lateral side of nails in 12 cases of DP-OM (92.3%) and 11 cases of DP-TO (47.8%; P = 0.008). DP-OM was associated with longitudinal striae adjacent to dermatophytoma (69.2% vs. 30.4%; P = 0.024), sulfur-nugget-like subungual debris (23.1% vs. 0%; P = 0.040), and scale on the ipsilateral foot (69.2% vs. 8.7%; P < 0.001). DP-TO was associated with a homogenous, whitish discoloration (47.8% vs. 7.7%; P = 0.014) and a sharp edge of the onycholytic area (43.5% vs. 0%; P = 0.005). Conclusions The lateral location of dermatophytoma, adjacent striae, sulfur-nugget-like debris, and scale on the ipsilateral foot were significantly associated with DP-OM. Dermoscopic examination (dorsal and hyponychium views) and foot examination are beneficial for distinguishing between DP-OM and DP-TO.
Atoms, Molecules and Photons: An Introduction to Atomic-, Molecular- and Quantum Physics

Introduction. - Evolution of the atom model. - Evolution of quantum physics. - Fundamentals of quantum mechanics. - The hydrogen atom. - Atoms with several electrons. - Emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation. - Laser. - Molecules. - Experimental methods in atomic- and molecular physics. - Structure of condensed matter. - Dynamics of crystal lattice. - Electrons in condensed matter. - Semiconductors. - Dielectric and optical properties of condensed matter. - Amorphous solid state matter, liquids, liquid crystals and cluster. - Surfaces.
Deep Feature Selection for Anomaly Detection Based on Pretrained Network and Gaussian Discriminative Analysis

Deep learning neural network serves as a powerful tool for visual anomaly detection (AD) and fault diagnosis, attributed to its strong abstractive interpretation ability in the representation domain. The deep features from neural networks that are pretrained on the ImageNet classification task have been proved to be useful for AD based on Gaussian discriminant analysis. However, with the ever-increasing complexity of deep learning neural networks, the set of deep features becomes massive where redundancy appears to be inevitable. The redundant features increase computational cost and degrade the performance of the AD method. In this article, we discuss the deep feature selection for the AD task and show how to reduce the redundancy in the representation domain. We propose a horizontal selection (dimensional reduction) method of features with subspace decomposition and a vertical selection to identify the most effective network layer for AD and fault diagnosis. We test the proposed method on two public datasets, one for AD task and the other for fault diagnosis of bearings. We show the significance of different network layers and feature subspaces on AD tasks and prove the effectiveness of the feature selection strategy.
Burden of iodine deficiency disorders and its association with various sociodemographic variables in a district of North East India

Introduction: Iodine is one such micronutrient, the deficiency of which can impair the mental growth and development of young children and is the leading cause of preventable mental impairment. The present study has been conducted to study the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) and its association with various sociodemographic variables among children (6–12 years) residing in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya. Methods: The sample size was 2700 with a multistage 30 cluster sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the various sociodemographic variables. The weight and height of each child were recorded as per the standard procedure. In order to assess goitre, children were examined as per standard procedures prescribed by the National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme (NIDDCP). Results: A total of 2700 children were interviewed in total. Out of these, 1365 (50.5%) were males. The total goitre rate was found to be 195 (7.22%), indicating that IDDs are a mild public health problem in the study area. The median (interquartile range) urinary iodine excretion levels were 150 (108.05–189.37) μg/L. With respect to weight-for-age, it was observed that 93 (3.9%) children were severely underweight and 389 (16.8%) had severe stunting. A significant association was observed between goitre with the age group of children (p <.00001), maternal education (p <.00001), prevalence of stunting (p <.00001), and underweight (p <.05).
Experimental investigation of an axisymmetric free jet with an initially uniform velocity profile

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the flow characteristics of a circular free helium jet having an initially uniform velocity profile. Complete velocity profiles are presented at Reynolds numbers of 1027 and 4571 at 0, 3, 6, 10, 15, and 20 nozzle diameters (where possible) from the nozzle exit. Centerline velocity decay and potential core length were obtained over a range of Reynolds numbers from 155 to 5349 at distances up to and including 25 nozzle diameters from the nozzle exit. The angles of spread associated with the diffusion of the jet downstream of the nozzle are also given. Axial jet momentum flux and entrained mass flux, at various distances downstream of the nozzle, are presented as a function of the jet Reynolds number.
Logit Inducing With Abnormality Capturing for Semi-Supervised Image Anomaly Detection

Image anomaly detection is a significant stage for visual quality inspection in intelligent manufacturing systems. According to the assumption that only normal images are available during the training stage, unsupervised methods have been studied recently for image anomaly detection. But anomalous images of small scale can be collected for training in many real-world industrial scenarios, and the unsupervised methods make no use of them to improve the detection accuracy. This leads to semi-supervised image anomaly detection with an unbalanced detection challenge. In this article, a logit inducing with abnormality capturing (LIAC) method is proposed to address semi-supervised image anomaly detection. First, a logit inducing loss (LIS) is proposed to train a classifier for dealing with unbalanced detection. Second, an abnormality capturing module (ACM) is proposed to address anomaly detection. With labeling only 40 anomalous images for training, the proposed LIAC method achieves a 98.8% F1-score on image anomaly detection of the printed circuit board, compared with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. Moreover, the proposed LIAC method is experimentally compared with the SOTA methods on magnetic tile defect (MTD), retinal optical coherence tomography (ROCT), and electroluminescence images of photovoltaic modules (ELPV), three open-source datasets, respectively, which achieve F1-score of 85.2%, 96.8%, and 66.6% with given 40 anomalous images for training.
A note on Palais-Smale condition and coercivity

Introduction. It has been observed ([2], [3]) that, for a C 1 function bounded from below on a Banach space, the Palais-Smale condition implies coercivity. Our aim in this note is to generalize this result under weaker regularity assumptions and to consider the coercivity of 1¢1 when ¢ is not bounded from below. Our main tool is Ekeland's variational principle which we recall now: Theorem 1. [1]. Let X be a complete metric space and let¢: X--+ ( -oo, oo] be a lower semi-continuous function such that infx ¢ E ~Let E > 0 and u E X be given such that ¢( u) :=:; infx ¢ + c. Then, for every . >. > 0, there exists v E X such that i) ¢(v) :=:; ¢(u) ii) d( u, v) :::; 1 I. >. iii) ¢(w) > ¢(v)A.cd(w,v), \lw =f. v.
Topographic Orientation of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration: Recent Advances in Biomaterial Design and Applications

Tissue engineering to develop alternatives for the maintenance, restoration, or enhancement of injured tissues and organs is gaining more and more attention. In tissue engineering, the scaffold used is one of the most critical elements. Its characteristics are expected to mimic the native extracellular matrix and its unique topographical structures. Recently, the topographies of scaffolds have received increasing attention, not least because different topographies, such as aligned and random, have different repair effects on various tissues. In this review, we have focused on various technologies (electrospinning, directional freeze-drying, magnetic freeze-casting, etching, and 3-D printing) to fabricate scaffolds with different topographic orientations, as well as discussed the physicochemical (mechanical properties, porosity, hydrophilicity, and degradation) and biological properties (morphology, distribution, adhesion, proliferation, and migration) of different topographies. Subsequently, we have compiled the effect of scaffold orientation on the regeneration of vessels, skin, neural tissue, bone, articular cartilage, ligaments, tendons, cardiac tissue, corneas, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle. The compiled information in this review will facilitate the future development of optimal topographical scaffolds for the regeneration of certain tissues. In the majority of tissues, aligned scaffolds are more suitable than random scaffolds for tissue repair and regeneration. The underlying mechanism explaining the various effects of aligned and random orientation might be the differences in “contact guidance”, which stimulate certain biological responses in cells.
Colloquium: Perspectives on core-collapse supernova theory

Core-collapse theory brings together many facets of high-energy and nuclear astrophysics and the numerical arts to present theorists with one of the most important, yet frustrating, astronomical questions: "What is the mechanism of core-collapse supernova explosions? " A review of all the physics and the fifty-year history involved would soon bury the reader in minutiae that could easily obscure the essential elements of the phenomenon, as we understand it today. Moreover, much remains to be discovered and explained, and a complicated review of an unresolved subject in flux could grow stale fast. Therefore, in this paper I describe what I think are various important facts and perspectives that may have escaped the attention of those interested in this puzzle. Furthermore, I attempt to describe the modern theory's physical underpinnings and briefly summarize the current state of play. In the process, I identify a few myths (as I see them) that have crept into modern discourse. However, there is much more to do and humility in the face of this age-old challenge is clearly the most prudent stance as we seek its eventual resolution.
pcaL1: An R Package of Principal Component Analysis using the L1 Norm

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction tool which captures the features of data set in low dimensional subspace. Traditional PCA uses L2-PCA and has much desired orthogonality properties, but is sensitive to outliers. PCA using L1 norm has been proposed as an alternative to counter the effect of outliers. The R environment for statistical computing already provides L2-PCA function prcomp(), but there are not many options for L1 norm PCA methods. The goal of the research was to create one R package with different options of PCA methods using L1 norm. So, we choose three different L1-PCA algorithms: PCA-L1 proposed by Kwak [10], L1-PCA∗ by Brooks et. al. [1], and L1-PCA by Ke and Kanade [9]; to create a package pcaL1 in R, interfacing with C implementation of these algorithms. An open source software for solving linear problems, CLP, is used to solve the optimization problems for L1-PCA∗ and L1-PCA. We use this package on human microbiome data to investigate the relationship between people based on colonizing bacteria.
Occupational Exposure to Dust and the Relationship with the Respiratory Symptoms, Lung Function among Construction Workers of the University of Malaysia Sabah

BACKGROUND: The respiratory tract often becomes the site of injury from occupational exposure. All construction sites generate high levels of dust, typically from concrete, silica, asbestos, cement, wood, and stone, sand, and therefore, the workers are exposed to this airborne dust and increased their risk of developing respiratory disorders. Limited studies have been conducted to assess the relationship between respiratory symptoms, lung function, and occupational dust exposure among construction workers in Sabah. AIM: The objectives of this study are to determine the occupational exposure to dust and the relationship with the respiratory symptoms as well as lung function among construction workers in UMS Teaching Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study consisted of construction workers working in all sections in the development of UMS Teaching Hospital. A standard respiratory questionnaire was distributed to construction workers and lung function measurement was performed using Spirometry and the results of their respiratory status were compared between workers who were exposed and unexposed to dust. Occupational dust exposure was determined by the gravimetric method using an air sampler. The total duration of the collection was 8 h and the filters with the dust samples were analyzed in the laboratory. RESULTS: The result showed three parameters that were significantly associated with respiratory symptoms, namely, age, marital status, and smoking status. Male workers had a higher prevalence (42.7%) of having respiratory symptoms compared to female workers (21.4%). Widow/widower/divorced (50.0%) had a higher prevalence of having respiratory symptoms compared to married (45.8%) or single workers (25.0%). Workers who smoke had a higher prevalence (51.2%) of having respiratory symptoms compared to non-smoker’s workers (22.7%). CONCLUSION: The highest dust exposure is the piping workstation, followed by the cement and plastering workstations. These warrant the compulsory use of personal protective equipment by construction workers during work, improving the quality of dust masks, and standardizing their usage. Effective engineering controls should also be promoted on construction sites.
Minority Stress in Emotion Suppression and Mental Distress Among Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Systematic Review

Background: The existing structural framework of defining gender and sexuality based on heteronormative ideology led to the succession of the notions of stigma, prejudice, and hate towards the sexual and gender minority population. The presence of strong scientific evidence for the negative consequences of discriminatory and violent events has directed the association with mental and emotional distress. This study aims to comprehend the role of minority stress in emotional regulation and suppression among the sexual minority population globally using systematic review of literature through elaborate Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Summary: The analyses of the sorted literature premised on the PRISMA guidelines revealed that minority stress mediates the emotion regulation processes among the individuals who witness continuous episodes of discrimination and violence leading to emotional dysregulation and emotion suppression. Studies also reported the dominance of various health-risk behaviors such as alcohol addiction, drug abuse, and other forms of intoxication among sexual minority individuals. Increased instances of anxiety, stress, depression, and suicidal ideations were prominent in the findings of the empirical research suggesting an intricate role of minority stress in advancing the faulty emotion suppression and mental health concerns among the sexual and gender minority population. Key message: Minority stressors among sexual and gender minority individuals mediate emotion suppression and mental distress.
The impact of casual gameplay on health attitudes and behaviors: examining persuasion in a branded game about nutrition through narrative, gameplay, and flow

ABSTRACT This project tests the ability of narrative and gameplay to persuade in a casual health game, through two experimental studies. Study 1 (N = 212) explores how independently manipulated narrative and gameplay factors can persuade people to have healthier attitudes and behavioral intentions; Study 2 (N = 353) also investigates how narrative and gameplay (difficulty) factors might improve attitudes and behavioral intentions toward an in-game brand. Both studies consider the role of flow, an immersive and inherently rewarding psychological state, as potential mediators between game factors and persuasive outcomes. In both studies, results show improvement in both attitudes and behavioral intentions toward health and the brand; however, the cause of those changes is not clear, as the manipulated narrative and gameplay factors do not influence the persuasive outcomes, and the mediating variable flow influences the persuasive outcomes inconsistently.
Association of Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarkers with Mitral Annular Calcification in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) contributes to cardiovascular disease and related mortality through the insidious effects of insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is one such degenerative process promoted by T2DM. (2) Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of insulin resistance, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis markers in T2DM patients without atherosclerotic manifestations, but with incidental echocardiographic detection of mild MAC. (3) Results: 138 consenting patients were 49.3% men, 57.86 years old, with a history of T2DM of 6.16 years and HbA1c 8.06%, of whom sixty had mild MAC (43.47%). The statistically significant differences between patients with/without MAC were higher HOMA C-peptide and C-peptide index for insulin resistance, higher TNF-α for inflammation, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was significantly associated with insulin resistance and the strength of the relationship was higher in the MAC group. Predictive of MAC were TNF-α, HOMA C-peptide, and especially hepatic steatosis and hypertension. (4) Conclusions: MAC was more prevalent than reported in the literature. Insulin resistance and inflammation were predictive of MAC, but significant markers differ across studies. Widely available routine tests and echocardiographic assessments are useful in the early identification of mitral annular calcifications in diabetes patients.
A genome for Cissus illustrates features underlying its evolutionary success in dry savannas

Abstract Cissus is the largest genus in Vitaceae and is mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a photosynthetic adaptation to the occurrence of succulent leaves or stems, indicates that convergent evolution occurred in response to drought stress during species radiation. Here we provide the chromosomal level assembly of Cissus rotundifolia (an endemic species in Eastern Africa) and a genome-wide comparison with grape to understand genome divergence within an ancient eudicot family. Extensive transcriptome data were produced to illustrate the genetics underpinning C. rotundifolia’s ecological adaption to seasonal aridity. The modern karyotype and smaller genome of C. rotundifolia (n = 12, 350.69 Mb/1C), which lack further whole-genome duplication, were mainly derived from gross chromosomal rearrangements such as fusions and segmental duplications, and were sculpted by a very recent burst of retrotransposon activity. Bias in local gene amplification contributed to its remarkable functional divergence from grape, and the specific proliferated genes associated with abiotic and biotic responses (e.g. HSP-20, NBS-LRR) enabled C. rotundifolia to survive in a hostile environment. Reorganization of existing enzymes of CAM characterized as diurnal expression patterns of relevant genes further confer the ability to thrive in dry savannas.
Effect of Supplementary Crushed Rapeseed on Ewes and Lambs Performance of Salt Range Sheep

Study was designed with aim to determine varying levels of supplementary crushed rapeseed (CRS) a month before and two months after lambing on ewe’s and lamb’s performance in Salt Range sheep. Pregnant sheep (n = 12) were chosen and divided into 3 equal treatment groups. Ewes in control (T 0 ), T 1 and T 2 treatment groups were supplemented with CRS at 0, 25 and 50 g/d, respectively. Data of parameters were collected and analyzed through ANOVA technique using SAS 9.3 Portable and Sigma Plot Software under Completely randomized design. Weight gain of ewes was increased (P<0.05) substantially throughout period with CRS 25g/d and 50g/day but difference amongst treatment was not significant. The weight of the lambs at birth and 7 th day age was increased (P<0.05) with CRS 25g/d and 50g/d as compared to control but no difference (P>0.05) was found between treatments. The higher survival rate of lambs (P<0.05) was found in CRS 25 g/d, followed by 50 g/d and then 0 g/d. Milk constituents; solid not fat, density, lactose, minerals and protein were increased (P<0.05) with increasing rate of dietary supplementation of CRS except fat percentage. In case of blood parameters, effect of dietary supplementation of CRS was found variable. It is concluded that 25 g/d CRS is an optimum dietary supplementation level a month before and two months after lambing for adequate weight gain and milk quality in terms of all constituents except fat percent in Salt Range ewes as rapeseed has gross energy 6420 kcal/kg and crude proteins 18.6% which plays an important role in nutritional and food applications. This dietary supplementation level in grazing ewes can also trigger better birth weight and survival rate in newly born lambs.