Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced selectivity of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation by multielectrode configuration

Objective. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has been gaining momentum as a non-invasive rehabilitation approach to restore movement to paralyzed muscles after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, its low selectivity limits the types of movements that can be enabled and, thus, its potential applications in rehabilitation. Approach. In this cross-over study design, we investigated whether muscle recruitment selectivity of individual muscles could be enhanced by multielectrode configurations of tSCS in 16 neurologically intact individuals. We hypothesized that due to the segmental innervation of lower limb muscles, we could identify muscle-specific optimal stimulation locations that would enable improved recruitment selectivity over conventional tSCS. We elicited leg muscle responses by delivering biphasic pulses of electrical stimulation to the lumbosacral enlargement using conventional and multielectrode tSCS. Results. Analysis of recruitment curve responses confirmed that multielectrode configurations could improve the rostrocaudal and lateral selectivity of tSCS. To investigate whether motor responses elicited by spatially selective tSCS were mediated by posterior root-muscle reflexes, each stimulation event was a paired pulse with a conditioning-test interval of 33.3 ms. Muscle responses to the second stimulation pulse were significantly suppressed, a characteristic of post-activation depression suggesting that spatially selective tSCS recruits proprioceptive fibers that reflexively activate muscle-specific motor neurons in the spinal cord. Moreover, the combination of leg muscle recruitment probability and segmental innervation maps revealed a stereotypical spinal activation map in congruence with each electrode’s position. Significance. Improvements in muscle recruitment selectivity could be essential for the effective translation into stimulation protocols that selectively enhance single-joint movements in neurorehabilitation.
Detection of Hypoglycin A and MCPrG Metabolites in the Milk and Urine of Pasture Dairy Cows after Intake of Sycamore Seedlings

Hypoglycin A (HGA), methylenecyclopropylglycine (MCPrG), hypoglycin B (HGB), and γ-glutamyl-α-(methylenecyclopropyl) glycine (γ-glutamyl-MCPrG) are secondary plant metabolites occurring in sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) as well as several other Sapindaceae (e.g., Blighia sapida). By interfering with energy metabolism, they may cause severe intoxication in humans and other species. However, to date, there is not enough data available concerning the intake, metabolism, or excretion of sycamore maple toxins in dairy cows. In May 2022, five cows were observed over four days, when they had first access to a pasture with two sycamore maples. Grazing of their seedlings that grew numerously in between the pasture plants was monitored by direct observation. Milk samples were drawn both from individual cows and from the bulk tank. Spontaneous urine samples were collected from all cows on day 3 after access to the pasture. Seedlings (100 g) were sampled on the pasture and analyzed, together with milk and urine samples, for sycamore toxins and their metabolites using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cows ingested sycamore seedlings while grazing. Values of HGA in milk were below the limit of quantification. However, metabolites of HGA and MCPrG were detected in individual milk samples already at the end of the first day of grazing. Urine samples of all five cows showed higher concentrations of conjugated HGA and MCPrG metabolites than in milk. Observations suggest that dairy cows may have a low susceptibility toward sycamore maple toxins. However, whether this could be attributed to foregut fermenting species in general requires further elucidation.
Quasi-isometry invariance of cohomological dimension

Les groupes H n (G, RG) sont des invariants de quasi-isometrie pour tous les anneaux R et tous les groupes G qui possedent un espace du type K (G, 1) a nombre fini de cellules en dimensions au plus n. Il resulte que la dimension cosomologique est invariante pour lesclasses quasi-isometriques des groupes G qui admettent un complexe fini du type K (G, 1)
Physical and brain frailty in ischaemic stroke or TIA: Shared occurrence and outcomes. A cohort study

Background: There is increasing interest in the concept of frailty in stroke, including both physical frailty and imaging-evidence of brain frailty. We aimed to establish the prevalence of brain frailty in stroke survivors as well as the concurrent and predictive validity of various frailty measures against long-term cognitive outcomes. Methods: We included consecutively admitted stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) survivors from participating stroke centres. Baseline CT scans were used to generate an overall brain frailty score for each participant. We measured frailty via the Rockwood frailty index, and a Fried frailty screening tool. Presence of major or minor neurocognitive disorder at 18-months following stroke or TIA was established via a multicomponent assessment. Prevalence of brain frailty was established based upon observed percentages within groups defined by frailty status (robust, pre-frail, frail). We assessed the concurrent validity of brain frailty and frailty scales via Spearman’s rank correlation. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, sex, baseline education and stroke severity, to evaluate association between each frailty measure and 18-month cognitive impairment. Results: Three-hundred-forty-one stroke survivors participated. Three-quarters of people who were frail had moderate-severe brain frailty and prevalence increased according to frailty status. Brain frailty was weakly correlated with Rockwood frailty (Rho: 0.336; p < 0.001) and with Fried frailty (Rho: 0.230; p < 0.001). Brain frailty (OR: 1.64, 95% CI = 1.17–2.32), Rockwood frailty (OR: 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.08) and Fried frailty (OR: 1.93, 95% CI = 1.39–2.67) were each independently associated with cognitive impairment at 18 months following stroke. Conclusions: There appears to be value in the assessment of both physical and brain frailty in patients with ischaemic stroke and TIA. Both are associated with adverse cognitive outcomes and physical frailty remains important when assessing cognitive outcomes.
Novel Approaches to Characterize Individual Drug Metabolism and Advance Precision Medicine

Interindividual variability in drug metabolism can significantly affect drug concentrations in the body and subsequent drug response. Understanding an individual’s drug metabolism capacity is important for predicting drug exposure and developing precision medicine strategies. The goal of precision medicine is to individualize drug treatment for patients to maximize efficacy and minimize drug toxicity. While advances in pharmacogenomics have improved our understanding of how genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) affect drug response, nongenetic factors are also known to influence drug metabolism phenotypes. This minireview discusses approaches beyond pharmacogenetic testing to phenotype DMEs—particularly the cytochrome P450 enzymes—in clinical settings. Several phenotyping approaches have been proposed: traditional approaches include phenotyping with exogenous probe substrates and the use of endogenous biomarkers; newer approaches include evaluating circulating noncoding RNAs and liquid biopsy-derived markers relevant to DME expression and function. The goals of this minireview are to 1) provide a high-level overview of traditional and novel approaches to phenotype individual drug metabolism capacity, 2) describe how these approaches are being applied or can be applied to pharmacokinetic studies, and 3) discuss perspectives on future opportunities to advance precision medicine in diverse populations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This minireview provides an overview of recent advances in approaches to characterize individual drug metabolism phenotypes in clinical settings. It highlights the integration of existing pharmacokinetic biomarkers with novel approaches; also discussed are current challenges and existing knowledge gaps. The article concludes with perspectives on the future deployment of a liquid biopsy-informed physiologically based pharmacokinetic strategy for patient characterization and precision dosing.
Using connectome-based models of working memory to predict emotion regulation in older adults

Abstract Older adulthood is characterized by enhanced emotional well-being potentially resulting from greater reliance on adaptive emotion regulation strategies. However, not all older adults demonstrate an increase in emotional well-being and instead rely on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. An important moderator of age-related shifts in strategy preferences is working memory (WM) and its underlying neural circuitry. As such, individual differences in the neural integrity underlying WM may predict older adults’ emotion regulation strategy preferences. Our study used whole-brain WM networks—derived from young adults using connectome-based predictive modeling—to predict WM performance and acceptance strategy use in healthy older adults. Older adults (N = 110) completed baseline assessments as part of a randomized controlled trial examining the impact of mind-body interventions on healthy aging. Our results revealed that the WM networks predicted WM accuracy but not acceptance use or difficulties in emotion regulation in older adults. Individual differences in WM performance, but not WM networks, moderated relationships between image intensity and acceptance use. These findings highlight that robust neural markers of WM generalize to an independent sample of healthy older adults but may not generalize beyond cognitive domains to predict emotion-based behaviors.
Distributed Multi-Agent Optimization Based on an Exact Penalty Method with Equality and Inequality Constraints

: This paper proposes a distributed multi-agent optimization protocol to minimize the average of objective functions of the agents in the network with satisfying equality and inequality constraints of each agent. The exact penalty method is adopted to obtain a linear distributed optimization protocol. The proposed protocol works only with the decision variables and does not need any additional variables. The proof of the consensus and convergence of the proposed protocol is provided as well as the boundedness under mild assumptions. The protocol is also illustrated by a numerical example.
Exponential-affine diffusion term structure models : dimension, time-homogeneity, and stochastic volatility

The object of study in this thesis is the most general affine term structure model characterized by Duffie and Kan (1996), which nests, as special cases, many of the interest rate models previously formulated in the literature. The purpose of the dissertation is two-fold: to derive fast and accurate pricing solutions for the general term structure framework under analysis, which enable the effective use of model’ specifications yet unexplored due to their analytical intractability, and, to implement a simple and robust model’ estimation methodology that enhances the model' fit to the market interest rates covariance surface. Concerning the first (theoretical) goal, analytical exact pricing solutions, for several interest rate derivatives, are first derived under a (simpler and) nested Gaussian affine specification Then, and as the main contribution of the present dissertation, such Gaussian formulae are transformed into first order approximate closed-form pricing solutions for the most general stochastic volatility model’ formulation. These approximate solutions arc shown to be both extremely fast to implement and accurate, which make them an effective alternative to the existing numerical pricing methods available. Related to second thesis’ (empirical) goal, and in order to enable the model’ estimation from a panel-data of interest rate contingent claims’ prices, a general equilibrium model’ specification is derived under non-severc preferences’ assumptions and in the context of a monetary economy. The corresponding state-space model’ specification is estimated through a non-linear Kalman filter and using a panel-data of not only swap rates (as it is usual in the Finance literature) but also (for the first time) of caps and European swaptions prices It is shown that although the model' fit to the level of the yield curve is extremely good, short-term caps and swaptions are systematically mispriced. Finally, a time-inhomogeneous HJM formulation is proposed, and the model’ fit to the market interest rates covariance matrix is substantially improved
Accuracy assessment of blind and semi-blind restoration methods for hyperspectral images

Hyperspectral images acquired by remote sensing systems are generally degraded by noise and can be sometimes more severely degraded by blur. When no knowledge is available about the degradations present or the original image, blind restoration methods must be considered. Otherwise, when a partial information is needed, semi-blind restoration methods can be considered. Numerous semi-blind and quite advanced methods are available in the literature. So to get better insights and feedback on the applicability and potential efficiency of a representative set of four semi-blind methods recently proposed, we have performed a comparative study of these methods in objective terms of blur filter and original image error estimation accuracy. In particular, we have paid special attention to the accurate recovering in the spectral dimension of original spectral signatures. We have analyzed peculiarities and factors restricting the applicability of these methods. Our tests are performed on a synthetic hyperspectral image, degraded with various synthetic blurs (out-of-focus, gaussian, motion) and with signal independent noise of typical levels such as those encountered in real hyperspectral images. This synthetic image has been built from various samples from classified areas of a real-life hyperspectral image, in order to benefit from realistic reference spectral signatures to recover after synthetic degradation. Conclusions, practical recommendations and perspectives are drawn from the results experimentally obtained.
SETD2 loss in renal epithelial cells drives epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in a TGF‐β‐independent manner

Histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase SETD2 (SETD2), the sole histone methyltransferase that catalyzes trimethylation of lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36me3), is often mutated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). SETD2 mutation and/or loss of H3K36me3 is linked to metastasis and poor outcome in ccRCC patients. Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major pathway that drives invasion and metastasis in various cancer types. Here, using novel kidney epithelial cell lines isogenic for SETD2, we discovered that SETD2 inactivation drives EMT and promotes migration, invasion, and stemness in a transforming growth factor‐beta‐independent manner. This newly identified EMT program is triggered in part through secreted factors, including cytokines and growth factors, and through transcriptional reprogramming. RNA‐seq and assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing uncovered key transcription factors upregulated upon SETD2 loss, including SOX2, POU2F2 (OCT2), and PRRX1, that could individually drive EMT and stemness phenotypes in SETD2 wild‐type (WT) cells. Public expression data from SETD2 WT/mutant ccRCC support the EMT transcriptional signatures derived from cell line models. In summary, our studies reveal that SETD2 is a key regulator of EMT phenotypes through cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic mechanisms that help explain the association between SETD2 loss and ccRCC metastasis.
Mechanism of notable difference in the field delay times of no-insulation layer-wound and pancake-wound REBCO coils

The characteristic magnetic field delay time for a no-insulation (NI) REBCO layer-wound coil is three orders of magnitude longer than that for a NI REBCO double-pancake coil. In a NI layer-wound coil, the circumferential current firstly flows along the periphery of the coil winding, and then it diffuses from the top and bottom turns into the middle turns of the winding, resulting in a long characteristic magnetic field delay time due to the current diffusion process. In contrast, the characteristic magnetic field delay time for a NI double-pancake coil is dominated by the circumferential current decay in individual turns. On the basis of a derived scaling law, the characteristic magnetic field delay time for a NI REBCO layer-wound coil for a 400 MHz LTS/REBCO nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnet is 37 h, while that for a NI REBCO double-pancake coil is only <1 min. Thus, it is demonstrated that a double-pancake-winding is greatly preferred to a layer-winding for NMR applications from the view point of the characteristic magnetic field delay time.
A note on confidence intervals and bands for the survival function based on transformations

Pointwise confidence intervals and simultaneous confidence bands for the survival function based on the log-minus-log and arcsine-square root transformations are considered, and their small sample performance is compared with that of their non-transformed counterparts. For the confidence intervals and "the equal precision" bands a substantial improvement is obtained by using one of the transformed versions. For bands of the Hall-Wellner type there seems to be less reason for using transformations.
Toroidal Matrix Links: Local Matrix Homotopies and Soft Tori

In this document we solve some local connectivity problems in matrix representations of the form C(T) → Mn and C(T) → Mn ← C([−1, 1]) using the so called toroidal matrix links, which can be interpreted as normal contractive matrix analogies of free homotopies in algebraic topology. In order to deal with the locality constraints, we have combined some techniques introduced in this document with several versions of the Basic Homotopy Lemma L.2. 3.2, T.2. 3.1 and C.2. 3.1 obtained initially by Bratteli, Elliot, Evans and Kishimoto in [4] and generalized by Lin in [19] and [22].
Hamiltonian Field Theory In The Radiating Regime

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How do Older Adults Set Up Voice Assistants? Lessons Learned from a Deployment Experience for Older Adults to Set Up Standalone Voice Assistants

While standalone Voice Assistants (VAs) are promising to support older adults’ daily routine and wellbeing management, onboarding and setting up these devices can be challenging. Although some older adults choose to seek assistance from technicians and adult children, easy set up processes that facilitate independent use are still critical, especially for those who do not have access to external resources. We aim to understand the older adults’ experience while setting up commercially available voice-only and voice-first screen-based VAs. Rooted in participants observations and semi-structured interviews, we designed a within-subject study with 10 older adults using Amazon Echo Dot and Echo Show. We identified the values of the built-in touchscreen and the instruction documents, as well as the impact of form factors, and outline important directions to support older adult independence with VAs.
Ionospheric Weather During Five Extreme Geomagnetic Superstorms Since IGY Deduced With the Instantaneous Global Maps GIM‐foF2

An assessment of the ionosphere perturbations can be made through the construction of the global instantaneous maps of the foF2 critical frequency (GIM‐foF2) and the ionospheric weather index maps GIM‐Wf. These maps can offer a potentially useful tool to provide users with a proper selection of the best radio wave propagation conditions over a certain area and also be used to help mitigate the effects of the disturbances on HF (High Frequency) communication and Global Navigation Satellite System positioning. This paper presents results of reconstruction of the ionospheric weather during five of the most intense superstorms observed since International Geophysical Year, IGY (1957, 1958, 1959, 1989, and 2003) with the instantaneous global maps of the F2 layer critical frequency, GIM‐foF2, and the ionospheric weather index maps, GIM‐Wf. The intensity of the ionospheric superstorm is characterized by the planetary Wfp index derived from GIM‐Wf maps. Superposed epoch analysis of the extreme superstorms is made during 24 hr before the Wfp peak (time zero t0 = 0 hr) and 48 hr afterwards. Model relationship is established between mean Wfp profile and geomagnetic superstorm profiles demonstrating saturation of the ionospheric storm activity toward the peak of geomagnetic storm. Time lag of Wfpmax is found equal to 9 hr after AEmax, 6 hr after apmax and aamax, and 2 hr after Dstmin, which allows model forecast of ionospheric superstorm when geomagnetic superstorm is captured with one or more of geomagnetic indices.
Response of rice varieties to different sowing windows under Konkan conditions

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2015-16 to study the response of rice varieties to different sowing windows under Konkan conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments were three sowing windows, viz., 23rd Met Week, 24th Met Week, 25thMet Week. The sub plot treatments comprised five rice varietiesviz. , Karjat-5, Palghar-1, Jaya, Swarna and Karjat-2. Thus there were 45 treatment combinations. Results revealed that rice crop sown on 23rd Met. Week recorded significantly higher grain yield (5782 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6462 kg ha-1). Long duration rice variety Swarna recorded the maximum grain yield (5782 kg ha-1) as well as straw yield (6462 kg ha-1), which was significantly higher over all other varieties under study except variety Jaya which was at par. From the present investigation it can be concluded that kharif rice in Konkan be sown during 23rd meteorological week with rice variety Swarna followed by conventional variety Jaya, so as to obtain higher yield and economic returns.
Two-dimensional fluid dynamics in a sharply bent channel: Laminar flow, separation bubble, and vortex dynamics

Understanding the hydrodynamic properties of fluid flow in a curving pipe and channel is important for controlling the flow behavior in technologies and biomechanics. The nature of the resulting flow in a bent pipe is extremely complicated because of the presence of a cross-stream secondary flow. In an attempt to disentangle this complexity, we investigate the fluid dynamics in a bent channel via the direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equation in two spatial dimensions. We exploit the absence of secondary flow from our model and systematically investigate the flow structure along the channel as a function of both the bend angle and Reynolds number of the laminar-to-turbulent regime. We numerically suggest a scaling relation between the shape of the separation bubble and the flow conductance, and construct an integrated phase diagram.