Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS ON MINERALCOMPOSITION IN CLUSTER BEAN GENOTYPES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS

Drought is a major factor limiting the growth of all crops in pod-filling stages. The functional relationship of drought stress and accumulation of various ions in cluster bean is to be studied properly. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on morphological and physiological effect on root growth, shoot growth, leaf area, relative water content(R.W.C) and Chlorophyll SPAD reading values variations. Accumulation of several major nutrients in six cluster bean genotypes RGC-936, RGC-1025, HG-365, GC-1031, JG-1 and JG-2 genotypes have varying in drought tolerance. RGC-1025, RGC-936, HG365, GC-1031, JG-2, JG-1 were grown in departmental Botanical garden with Randomized block designed plot maintained under optimum temp for 39-48 days in field condition. Total root length was greater in RGC1025 and RGC-936 followed by JG-1 and JG-2. High decrease observed in N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn nutrient content and less decrease was observed in Fe and, Cu. It is found that the shoot root ratio, leaf area, RWC were high and chlorophyll SPAD reading values were less in water stressed conditions in the cluster bean genotypes RGC-1025, RGC-936 and HG365 when compared to JG-2, JG-1 and GC-1031.
The functional state of Th1/Th2 cytokines in children with Tourette′s syndrome

Objective To explore the Th1/Th2 state in serum with Tourette syndrome (TS). Methods The IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,IL-12 and IFN-γ in peripheral blood were measured in 41 children with TS and 60 healthy children by ELISA to find out the difference between them，and the difference between ones with positive and negative MP antibodies. Results The levels of IL-2,IL-12 and IFN-γ in TS group were(357.35±69.14),(31.62±8.58) and (294.79±34.61) kU/L，while the levels of IL-2,IL-12 and IFN-γ in control group were (454.24± 69.14),(40.16±15.24) and (323.48±55.73) kU/L, and differences were significant (P 0.05). The levels of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,IL-12 and IFN-γ were not significantly different between ones with MP antibodies positive and ones with negative (P>0.05). Conclusions Th1/Th2 functional state may be unbalanced in children with Tourette syndrome. Key words: Tourette syndrome; Mycoplasma, pneumoniae; Interleukins
Toxicity of Avermectin B1 Against a Susceptible Laboratory Strain and an Insecticide-Resistant Strain of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Avermectin B, (AVMB,) is a relatively slow-acting (96 h) pesticide whose activity appears to be independent of temperature (15-25°C). By topical application, AVMB, was more toxic than cypermethrin, malathion, or DDT against a standard susceptible laboratory strain of Plutella xylostella L. and a field (Thailand) strain resistant to a number of insecticides. When applied in ethyl methyl ketone (technical grade) or as a diluted emulsified concentrate (113MI2, 1.8% EC), AVMB, was 26-fold more active against the laboratory strain. However, when safflower or Sunspray 6E oil was added to the 113M12 formulation, or when technical AVMB, was applied in an aqueous-acetone mixture with Triton X-100, the difference between the two strains was less (17-, 6-, and 8-fold respectively). Piperonyl butoxide increased the toxicity of technical AVMB, to the field strain by 2-fold. In foliar contact-ingestion and ovicidal tests, the differences in susceptibility to AVMB, (113M12) between the two strains were also less (13- and 3-fold, respectively). These differences in sensitivity to AVMB, may have been due to vigour tolerance of the field strain in comparison with the laboratory strain and to a very low level of cross-resistance in the former. With the laboratory strain, AVMB, was considerably more active than cypermethrin on foliage against fourth instars (100-fold), whereas cypermethrin was 14-fold more toxic than AVMB, against eggs. The ovicidal activity of AVMB1 (113M12) against both strains was enhanced by the addition of oils.
SOME STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF PUTRESCINE, ASCORBIC ACID AND THIAMINE ON GROWTH, FLOWERING AND SOME CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF GLADIOLUS PLANTS AT NUBARIA

Two field experiments were carried out at Research and Production Station, Nubaria of National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, during 2006 and 2007 seasons, to study the effect of application of putrescine, ascorbic acid and thiamine each of them (50, 100, and 200 ppm) on vegetative growth, flowering and some chemical constituents of Gladiolus grandflorum L. plants. Promising results were obtained by application of putrescine at 200 ppm followed by ascorbic acid and Thiamine at 100 ppm on vegetative growth. While on flowering parameters, the best results were obtained by application of putrescine and ascorbic acid at 200 ppm followed by thiamine at 100 ppm. The highest recorded data were obtained in plants treated with putrescine 200 ppm on chemical constituents, (chl a, b, carotenoids, soluble sugars, total phenols, total indols, N, P and K). ascorbic acid at 200 ppm showed a stimulatory effect on all chemical constituents except photosynthetic pigments which increased when plants treated with 100 ppm. Increasing concentration of thiamine from 50 to 200 ppm caused increased soluble sugars, total phenols and total indols.
Responsible Management of Natural Resources in Burkina Faso

In precolonial Burkina Faso several autonomous social systems had institutions to protect their resources against erosion. So-called holy forests were protected and could only be entered in times of need. Rights to natural resources were acquired for clearance cultivation and tree planting. Traditionally land was allotted at the local level even within the kingdom of the Mossi. In societies consisting of only 1 homogeneous group of relatives all natural resources were common property. In village societies every family was given enough land to sustain all its members. There were other areas designated for hunting and gathering. At the beginning of the French colonization the country became a center for cotton production and the population was forced to collectively carry out plantation work. The colonial administration appropriated uncultivated land although uncultivated land or uncultivated forests were vital for the survival of the communities. The poll tax introduced by new authorities the chefferie forced the farmers to produce for the market which led to starvation death during the great drought of the 1920s. After independence in 1960 cotton continued to the most important export commodity. The abandonment of traditional resource protection resulted in erosion decline in soil fertility encrustation of the top soil water shortage and overgrazing by increased livestock. Thus 2 million citizens are employed in the Ivory Coast. Timber licenses infrastructure projects resettlement projects fruit plantations for export and skewed market economy integration have resulted in neglect of traditional resource management. The policy of Thomas Sankara who came to power in 1983 stresses autocentric development self-reliance.
Definition, elements and stages of elaboration of research protocols

Although it is recognized as an instrument capable of guaranteeing transparency and assertiveness in scientific investigations, the research protocol is still little known by the academic community. The present study addresses research protocols with focus on three aspects: what they are, what characterizes them and how they are developed. The method used was the conceptual bibliography, based on the scientific papers available in the Google Scholar and Science Direct databases. The definitions found in the scientific literature consulted were interpreted based on techniques of semantic and content analysis. The results showed that: a) the research protocol is the outline of the methodology for collecting and analyzing data in order to achieve the research objectives, b) the protocols are composed of four stages: introductory, procedural, practical and drafting and c) the steps follow a procedural logic, in which the introductory excerpt describes the theme of the study, the procedural phase details the strategies used to collect and analyze data, the practical phase consists of obtaining the data that will support the research analysis and the editorial part it concerns the preparation of manuscripts for publication. The conclusion shows that the research protocols are methodological instruments used to guarantee the validity and reliability of the results.
Combining ability analysis for identifying elite parents for heterotic rice hybrids

Seventy six hybrids developed from four CMS lines and nineteen restorers along with parents were evaluated for nine quantitative traits to elucidate the nature of gene action present in the inheritance of important quantitative traits. Preponderance of additive gene action was observed for days to 50 per cent flowering, panicle length, and productive tillers per plant while, predominance of non-additive gene action for plant height, panicle weight, spikelet-fertility percentage, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant. IR 68897A and IR 79156A among the lines and RPHR 1096, RPHR 1005, RPHR 111-3 and BCW-56 among the testers were found to be good general combiners as they could contribute alleles with positive effect for improving the important quantitative traits. IR 68897A x RPHR 641-1, APMS 6A x RPHR 612-1, IR 79156A x EPLT-104 and IR 68897A x RPHR 111-3 were identified as the most promising.
Ultraviolet radiation-induced aggregation of human lens protein [g̳a̳m̳m̳a̳]D-crystallin : characterization of the protective tryptophan clusters and key sensitizing residues

Cataract is the development of opacities in the lens of the eye, producing light scattering and blurring of the visual image. Mature lens cells are enucleated and have degraded their ribosomes, thus proteins in the center of the lens must persist for the duration of a human lifetime. Lens opacities are composed of covalently damaged and aggregated lens proteins. Among the risk factors that promote cataract development is solar ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaches the proteins of the transparent lens, and has been shown to cause protein photo-oxidation, cross-linking, and aggregation in experimental settings. The crystallins are the primary proteins of the lens, expressed at concentrations up to 400 mg/ml. γD-Crystallin (HγD-Crys) is one of the most abundant proteins in the center of the human lens. HγD-Crys contains a large number of UVR absorbing aromatic amino acids, including four conserved tryptophans and fourteen tyrosines, many arranged into structurally important aromatic pairs. Previous work identified an energy transfer mechanism between the tryptophan pairs of HγD-Crys that sharply shortened their fluorescence excited state lifetimes. This was hypothesized to be photo-protective mechanism for a chronically UVR exposed protein. To understand how UVR causes aggregation and cataract, we examined the photo-aggregation of HγD-Crys in vitro. HγD-Crys aggregates in an oxygen dependent manner when exposed to UVA/UVB radiation, forming light scattering species after a lag period. Covalent higher and lower molecular weight species
Precision is an essential component in seed vigour testing

A vigour test assesses, either directly or indirectly, the physiological and physical basis of potential seed lot performance and provides a more sensitive differentiation among seed lots than does the standard germination test. Although seed vigour tests are widely used by the seed industry and are now offered by two-thirds of ISTA seed testing laboratories, vigour testing was only recently (2001 ISTA Congress) approved for inclusion in the ISTA Rules for Seed Testing. The primary reason for this long delay in official recognition has been the lack of uniformity in vigour test results among seed testing laboratories. It is now recognized that greater precision is required for vigour testing than is required for standard germination testing. This recognition has led to improved standardization and uniformity in comparative tests. The objective of this paper is to describe why it has been much more difficult to achieve standardization in vigour testing. It will also outline the procedures, equipment and training needed for seed analysts to achieve and maintain the precision needed in vigour test methods. Finally, it will define the role of seed testing laboratories and the seed industry in the acceptance of seed vigour as a valuable test of physiological seed quality.
Effect of Varying NPK Levels and Bio-fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] under Sustainable Condition

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia in West Bengal during rabi season of 2007–08 with objectives to find out the suitable combination of biofertilizers [Azotobacter, Azospirillium and Phospho Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB)] in presence or absence of FYM (15 t/ha) and two levels of graded NPK fertilizers (80-60-50 and 40-30-25 N, P2O5, K2O kg/ha) on the growth and fruit yield of okra cv. Arka Anamika [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] and the availability status of N, P and K in soil considering the growth, yield and quality parameters data revealed that significantly minimum height of plant was recorded by the application of PSB + FYM. In respect of plant height at 30 days, plant height at 60 days, number of branches, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit yield per plot and fruit yield per ha were significantly maximum in the plant receiving 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + Azotobactor + Azospirillum + PSB + FYM with good yield (196.97 q/ha) and export fruit quality of Okra.
Wild type and vte4 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana responses to different water frequencies: genetic engineering towards stress tolerance

Growth and development of plants are severely affected once exposed to soil water deficit. In addition, plants experience different levels of water stress in which their adaptation and response will be different. In this paper, we sought to investigate the growth, development and water relations of both wild-type (Col-0) and vte4 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana under different water frequencies. These water treatments, including control condition, 4 days of water withholding and 8 days of water withholding were imposed on the plants. Each water treatment was replicated three times in a complete randomized design with factorial arrangement. Wild type and mutant A.thaliana plants were subjected to the abiotic stress (water stress) for up to 24 days. The results indicated that under water stress, the performance of wild type plants were stronger than vte4mutants. Under control condition, specific leaf area, rosette dry weight and rosette dry weight at bolting of wild type A.thaliana scored the highest values of 47.66 mm²/mg, 13.67 mg and 201.5 mg, respectively in comparison with vte4mutant. However, both wild type and vte4mutant plants were negatively affected as the water treatments continued. The root mass fraction showed an increase in vte4 mutant and wild type A.thaliana as they scored 0.136g/g and 0.17 g/g, respectively. Under the same treatment, water potential indicated a reduction for both plan types where vte4and wild type plants obtained the values of -1.4 and -1.3 MPa, respectively after 24 days of stress initiation. As a result, our findings suggested that different water treatments significantly differed in growth characters in which the absence of γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ -TMT) gene in vte4had an impact on the plant’s response towards the water deficit.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS, SULPHUR AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH CHARACTERS OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L.)

An experiment was conducted during two consecutive years (1997–98 and 1998–99). The soil of experimental field was sandy loam having low available nitrogen and phosphorus and well supplied with potassium and alkaline in reaction. Increased applicationof phosphorus increased the dry matter accumulation and plant height of fenugreek significantly. Application of 80 kg P205 ha−1 increased the dry matter accumulation per 0.5 m row length at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest by 22.38, 20.09, 27.74 and 2272 per cent and plant height at 60,90 DASand at harvest by 9.06, 17.20 and 15.74 per cent over control. respectively. Application of 100 kg sulphur per hectare significantly increased the mean dry matter accumulation of fenugreek at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest by 6.87, 6.25, 8.45 and 5.10 per cent over control, respectively. Seed treatment with Rhizobium + PSB, PSB alone and Rhizobium alone increased the mean dry matter accumulation of fenugreek by 2.84, 1.63 and 1.03 per cent at 90 DAS over control, respectively, The maximum seed yield of fenugreek was recorded IAlith the application of 80 kg P2O5 ha−1, 100 kg S ha−1 and seed treatment with Rhizobium + PSB.
Cytomorphological Studies of Clematis Hatherliensis (C. Orientalis X C. Tangutica)

SUMMARYCytomorphological studies of Clemantis hatherliensis have shown that C. hatherliensis has arisen as a natural interspecific hybrid between C. orientalis and C. tangutica, the latter being the pollen parent. Chromosome configurations such as uni-, quadri- and hexa-valents both at diakinesis and metaphase I, and chromatin bridge at anaphase I were observed. As a result the plants showed partial pollen sterility. The cytogenetical mechanisms underlying speciation in the genus Clematis are briefly discussed.
Genetic Diversity Studies in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes

A study on genetic diversity was conducted in twenty four tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes. It revealed that a considerable amount of genetic diversity among 24 genotypes of tomato. The genotypes were grouped into eight clusters based on yield contributing traits. Cluster VI contained maximum number of genotypes (8)followed by cluster V and VII having three genotypes each and remaining clusters were having two genotypes each. Maximum intra cluster distance was recorded by cluster VIII (219.73) followed by cluster VII (169.84), cluster V (162.80) and Cluster VI (157.31) which revealed the existence of considerable genetic divergence among the genotypes of the respective clusters. The highest inter cluster distance of (375.75) was observed between cluster V and VIII, followed by cluster V and VII (304.85) and cluster III and V (304.81), revealing that the enormous diversity between genotypes belonging to respective pairs of the clusters. The genotypes from clusters V and VI having oblong fruits with thick pericarp, high fruit firmness and high yielding. Genotypes from these clusters also recorded the maximum mean values for number of fruits per plant and yield per plant.
A quest for species-level indicator values for disturbance

Question: Is it possible to construct indicator values that would place individual species on gradients of disturbance frequency and severity? We suggest that such indicator values could be defined on the basis of the disturbance regimes under which individual species occur, to be independent of their traits. They should also separate disturbance frequency from disturbance severity. Location: Czech Republic. Methods: We used a stratified set of 30 115 vegetation-plot records sampled over the whole country and classified into 39 phytosociological vegetation classes. Each class was assigned values of disturbance frequency and severity by expert judgement. A Disturbance Frequency Index for each species was calculated as the mean of the common logarithm of the disturbance frequency of all vegetation classes weighted by occurrence frequencies of this species in those classes. A Disturbance Severity Index was defined as mean disturbance severity of all vegetation classes weighted by occurrence frequencies of this species in those classes. For forest vegetation, indices were computed separately for the whole community and for the herb layer, which experiences different types of disturbance. Further, we constructed a disturbance index from vegetation structural parameters, viz. summed covers and community-weighted mean of height at maturity of species recorded in each plot for each vegetation class. We assessed all indices by comparing their values with data on functional traits of the species. Results: We calculated values of the indices for 1248 species. The Disturbance Frequency Index and Disturbance Severity Index were correlated, but still described different responses of individual species to disturbance. The index based on vegetation structure was correlated mainly with the Disturbance Frequency Index. All indices showed strong relationships to plant traits: species with high values of all disturbance indices tended to have small seeds, to be annual and non-clonal or able to spread clonally over large distances. Conclusions: Constructing species disturbance indices based on vegetation characteristics, not plant traits, is feasible and provides meaningful scores. A similar approach can be used in any region where sufficient vegetation data are available. Disturbance indices can be used to address a number of questions in plant evolution and community or landscape ecology.
L Type Variant Forms in Cultures of Various Bacteria.∗ †

Summary Cultures of various bacteria on blood agar plates were stained in situ by methods previously described. Examination of cultures of a Gram negative bacillus (of the genus Flavobacterium) so stained revealed tiny secondary colonies similar in appearance and morphology to the L1 variant of the Streptobacillus monilliformis. The same phenomenon was observed, in a less pronounced degree, in cultures of Bacillus influensae. Bacillus fundulliformis and in cultures of certain strains of colon bacilli.