Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of alloplasmic male sterile lines and their assessment for heterotic potential in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

ABSTRACT The use of Solanum aethiopicum as the female parent with S. melongena led to the development of a cytoplasmic-genic male sterility system (CGMS) in eggplant. The male sterility was complete and expressed as rudimentary anthers with no pollen grains. Ten backcross progenies of male sterile lines in diverse genetic backgrounds of S. melongena were characterised after BC7 generation for 14 horticultural traits. It was observed that male sterile lines and their respective maintainer parents were isogenic for all the traits, except stamen size and days to 50% flowering. The fertility of male sterile lines was restored after hybridising with plants derived from an S. melongena × S. aethiopicum cross. The fertility restoration was governed by a single dominant gene. The maternal cytoplasm of S. aethiopicum in male sterile lines and of S. melongena in maintainers and restorers was confirmed with mitochondria and chloroplast DNA-specific molecular markers. Further, to assess the heterotic potential, 10 cytoplasmic male sterility lines were crossed with three restorers to develop 30 F1 hybrids, out of which D−67A × R−6 and D−104A × R−6 were found consistently better than the standard check for yield plant−1 over two years. In this manuscript a comprehensive study on development and utilisation of an alloplasmic CGMS system in eggplant has been discussed.
The Effect of Guanidinoacetic Acid Addition on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Gas Production of Early- and Late-Stage Sheep-Fattening Diets

This study explores whether guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) addition can regulate nutrient degradability, rumen fermentation characteristics, and gas composition in two sheep-fattening diets. A 2 × 8 factorial in vitro culture was examined to determine the effects of GAA addition at the following levels of 0%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.09%, 0.11%, 0.13%, and 0.15% of two total mixed rations (T1 diet: early fattening stage diet; T2 diet: late fattening stage diet). After 72 h in vitro incubation of two diets with mixed rumen liquid obtained from six rumen-cannulated lambs, the T2 diet exhibited higher dry matter (DM) digestibility, higher cumulative gas production at 72 h (GP72), higher asymptotic gas production(A), and longer the time at which half of A is reached (C). However, it exhibited a lower acetic acid and a lower ratio of acetate to propionate than the diet of T1. A quadratic increase occurred in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility, with a maximum point occurring at the 0.09% GAA group. The gas production kinetic result indicated that increasing the level of GAA addition resulted mainly in an increase of GP72 and A, with the maximum point occurring at 0.09% for the T1 diet and 0.07–0.09% for the T2 diet. Moreover, the levels of GAA addition did not affect pH, the proportion of any of the volatile acid, or gas composition, but when the levels of GAA addition were increased, the microbial crude protein (MCP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) content exhibited a quadratic relationship. The highest MCP contents were seen in the 0.07%, 0.09%, and 0.11% groups, while NH3-N and TVFA were in the 0.07% group. In summary, the appropriate level of GAA addition in early and late fattening stage diets ranged from 0.07% to 0.11%.
Analysis of ARC in a vacuum chamber with an AMF

Vacuum circuit breaker chambers (VCBC) are subject of a continuous study to optimize parameters of circuit breakers. The aim is to reduce the size and to increase the breaking ability in the whole range of rated voltages. In optimization attention is paid to reach a uniform distribution of the magnetic field over the contact plate surface. The influence of slits in the contact plates, and the rotation angle between contacts upon the magnetic field distribution (MFD) was analyzed. Field tests of different contact sets were made, using a dismountable vacuum chamber. The tests were conducted at short circuit currents up to 15 kA. A high speed video camera was used to monitor the arc developed between contacts.
New World Information and Communication Order and Its Changing Role in Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Kano

Media technologies have been considered freeing and empowering since the twentieth century, as they aid in enhancing human capacity. In the media and communication industries, technologies have aided human manipulation of mechanical and electronic processes. Arguably, social interactions were improved by extending audience reach, broadening coverage, changing time and location constraints, and bridging important gaps in information. In this context, this study used in-depth interviews as the research method, and thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data gathered based on the themes that emerged during the interviews. The population of the study consisted of 106 staff in the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Kano, and a purposive sampling technique was used to select 15 participants for the study. This study is premised on the Domestication and Technological Determinism Theories. The findings of the study revealed that quality information dissemination, good visualization, easy access to information, and quick spread of information to the target audience are among the factors responsible for the adoption of information technology in NTA Kano. The study concludes that there is a need for an increasing level of information technology, especially NTA Kano, to enhance adequate information dissemination. There is also a need to address financial difficulties, lack of constant training and retraining of staff, poor state of equipment or lack of maintenance, and lack of adequate funding to ensure the proper and smooth running of modern technologies in NTA Kano.
Some Results in Nonlinear PDEs: Large Deviations Problems, Nonlocal Operators, and Stability for Some Isoperimetric Problems

This thesis is concerned with various problems arising in the study of nonlinear elliptic PDE. It is divided into three parts. In the first part we consider the short time behaviour of stochastic systems affected by a stochastic volatility evolving at a faster time scale. Our mathematical framework is that of multiple time scale systems and singular perturbations. We are concerned with the asymptotic behaviour of a logarithmic functional of the process, which we study by methods of the theory of homogenization and singular perturbations for fully nonlinear PDEs. We point out three regimes depending on how fast the volatility oscillates relative to the horizon length. We provide some financial applications, namely we prove a large deviation principle for each regime and apply it to the asymptotics of option prices near maturity. In the second part we are concerned with the well-posedness of Neumann boundary value problems for nonlocal Hamilton-Jacobi equations related to jump processes in general (enough smooth) domains. We consider a nonlocal diffusive term of censored type of order less than 1 and Hamiltonian both in coercive form and in noncoercive Bellman form, whose growth in the gradient make them the leading term in the equation. We prove a comparison principle for bounded sub-and supersolutions in the context of viscosity solutions with generalized boundary conditions, and consequently by Perron's method we get the existence and uniqueness of continuous solutions. We give some applications in the evolutive setting, proving the large time behaviour of the associated evolutive problem under suitable assumptions on the data. In the last part we present some stability results for a class of integral inequalities, the Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequality and we strengthen, in two different ways, these inequalities in the class of power concave functions. Then we present some applications to prove analogous quantitative results for certain type of isoperimetric inequalities satisfied by a wide class of variational functionals that can be written in terms of the solution of a suitable elliptic boundary value problem. As a toy model, we consider the torsional rigidity and prove quantitative results for its Brunn-Minkowski inequality and for its consequent (Urysohn type) isoperimetric inequality.
Energy transfer and dissipation tensor anisotropy in atmospheric turbulence

Turbulence in the atmosphere is generally affected by rotation and stratification. The combination of these two effects endows the atmosphere with wavelike motions, which are particularly relevant for the mixing processes in the middle and upper atmosphere. Gravity-waves, for instance, can transfer energy over large distances, carrying energy from where they are created to regions thousands of kilometers away (Fritts and Alexander (2003)). Due to wave instabilities, they break and induce small scale turbulence in the overall large scale flow, thus contributing to the mixing process. In current general circulation models, however, small scale motion is not resolved and instead only parametrized. Hence, understanding the breaking process can potentially lead to improved parametrization models and predictions. Depending on their frequency, gravity-waves can be classified as high-frequency gravity-waves (HGWs) and low-frequency inertia-gravity waves (IGWs). The breaking behavior of IGWs differs fundamentally from HGWs and must be investigated separately (Dunkerton (1997), Achatz and Schmitz (2006), Fruman et al. (2014)). Given that the wave breaking event leads to small scale three-dimensional turbulence, computational investigations must resolve a very large range of dynamic scales of motions (Lelong and Dunkerton (1998) and Fritts et al. (1994)). For HGWs, three-dimensional high resolution Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) have already been performed, for example, by Fritts et al. (2009) and Remmler et al. (2015). For IGWs, fully threedimensional investigations of a IGW breaking in the upper mesosphere were first presented by Remmler et al. (2012) and Fruman et al. (2014). The present work focuses on turbulence induced by the breaking events of IGWs. We extend the work of Remmler et al. (2012) and Fruman et al. (2014) by performing DNS of an IGW breaking at a lower altitude and correspondingly higher Reynolds number typical of the middle mesosphere. Additionally, we explain the turbulent energy transfer during breaking events and analyze the structure of the turbulence dissipation tensor. Finally, we perform Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) using different models. We compare LES results to our DNS and asses if these models can be used to qualitatively predict breaking events.
Macroeconomics, sharia, and economic inequality in The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC): An empirical study Makroekonomi, syariah, dan ketimpangan ekonomi di Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC): Sebuah kajian empiris

This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the level of income inequality in member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OC). The research period used was from 2012 to 2021, using the System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) analysis tool. The variables used consist of the Gini ratio (proxy of income inequality), economic growth, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), inflation, the average length of schooling (human capital proxy), and corruption perception index (sharia proxy). The results showed that sharia, human, and inflation variables had a negative effect, while economic growth and FDI had a positive and significant effect on income inequality in OIC countries. These results show that in addition to economic factors and human capital, sharia elements cannot be released in overcoming income inequality in OIC countries. Sharia is a driving factor in a more even distribution of income.
CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES OF MEMBER STARS IN THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 2632 (PRAESEPE)

Based on high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra, we present abundances of 17 elements (Fe, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Y, Zr, Ba, La) for six stars (one Am star, one F dwarf star, and four GK giant stars) and radial velocities for 18 proper-motion selected member stars in the open cluster NGC 2632. In the Am star, s-process elements Y and Ba are clearly overabundant, which may be considered as an indicator of a peculiar Am star. The average [Fe/H] is 0.16 ± 0.06 from four GK giant member stars, which is similar to that of solar-type stars in the literature. As compared with dwarf stars, significant overabundances are found for Na, Mg, and Ba elements in our giant stars, which can be explained by the evolutionary effect. We also detect a star-to-star scatter of [Na/Fe] ratios among four giants which locate approximately at the same position in the CMD. Finally, we perform an analysis on the possible connection between the abundance and spatial structure of NGC 2632, but we find no inhomogeneous abundance among different clumps of stars in this cluster based on our limited sample.
A Conversation Analysis of Two-year-old Children’s Speech in Child-Adult Interactions

Social interactions with adults around them are the main exposures to language that children receive, and these contribute significantly to their development. In response to this, this article examines the participation of two-year-old children in conversations with adults, aimed at describing the parties initiating conversation topics and identifying the structure of the conversations. The research used a qualitative method in the form of a case study, involving 5 children aged two years and their parents as participants. The data were collected through recorded natural conversations between children and parents. The results show that topics in child-adult interactions can be initiated by both parties. Furthermore, children have been able to build a complete conversational structure, consisting of opening, turn-taking, and closing. Several components of turn-taking, such as adjacency pairs and repairs are well performed. These findings suggest that, despite their limited language production, children at the age of two can actively participate in building and developing conversations with their interlocutors.
The Impact of Fiscal Policy and Trade Liberalization on Economic Growth: Evidence from Structural Breaks for Jordan

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of fiscal policy and trade liberalization on Jordan's economic growth. Design/methodology/approach: The study used Augmented Dicky Fuller unit root tests and Kapetanios unit root tests with structural breaks for the empirical investigation. Findings: Government spending and taxation have a favourable influence on economic growth, according to the simulation results. Public debt has a negative but negligible effect on economic growth. Economic growth is significantly influenced by trade liberalisation. Research implications: The consequence is the proportion of spending on infrastructure and human resources should be increased by taxes financing rather than foreign loans. Improving the competitiveness of domestic industries is necessary for free trade to have a positive effect. Originality/value: This study is innovative due to the absence of research that addresses Fiscal Policy, Trade Openness and economic growth with the structural break in Jordan.
The power of trust: How does consumer trust impact satisfaction and loyalty in Indonesian digital business?

The study aims to explore how consumer satisfaction influences consumer trust and, ultimately, builds strong consumer loyalty in the dynamic world of Indonesian e-commerce. The relevance of this study is determined by how e-commerce businesses can improve customer loyalty by enhancing consumer trust and satisfaction. The study used a quantitative research design and surveyed 230 consumers from Jakarta, Indonesia. The data analysis involved utilizing validation and descriptive statistics in MS Excel and inferential statistics through SmartPLS to draw meaningful conclusions. The results showed a positive, significant, and direct relationship between consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty. The R2 for consumer loyalty indicates that consumer satisfaction and consumer trust explain 56.6% of the variances in consumer loyalty, whereas consumer satisfaction explains 37.4% of the variances in consumer trust. Furthermore, the findings showed that this relationship is strengthened when consumer trust is included as a mediator, demonstrating a complementary partial mediation indicating that trust enhances consumer loyalty. Thus, the study concludes that consumers are more likely to feel loyal to e-commerce websites when their satisfaction is combined with trust. It provides considerable insights into the determinants of consumer loyalty and emphasizes the importance of establishing trust in e-commerce websites as a critical strategy to enhance customer loyalty. This paper also contributes to the broader literature on consumer behavior and loyalty in the context of digital business, providing new insights and perspectives that can help shape future research in this area.
Numerical study of the generation and evolution of breather-type rogue waves

The behaviour of the Peregrine breather-type rogue waves is numerically studied based on the fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The wavelet analysis method is adopted in order to analyse the time-frequency energy distribution during the generation and evolution of the Peregrine breather. It shows that the peak of the largest amplitudes of the resulting waves can be described in terms of the Peregrine breather-type solution and leads to the solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. Meanwhile, strong energy density is found to surge instantaneously and be seemingly carried over to the high-frequency components at the instant when the large, rogue wave occurs.
In‐flight dynamics of volcanic ballistic projectiles

Centimeter to meter‐sized volcanic ballistic projectiles from explosive eruptions jeopardize people and properties kilometers from the volcano, but they also provide information about the past eruptions. Traditionally, projectile trajectory is modeled using simplified ballistic theory, accounting for gravity and drag forces only and assuming simply shaped projectiles free moving through air. Recently, collisions between projectiles and interactions with plumes are starting to be considered. Besides theory, experimental studies and field mapping have so far dominated volcanic projectile research, with only limited observations. High‐speed, high‐definition imaging now offers a new spatial and temporal scale of observation that we use to illuminate projectile dynamics. In‐flight collisions commonly affect the size, shape, trajectory, and rotation of projectiles according to both projectile nature (ductile bomb versus brittle block) and the location and timing of collisions. These, in turn, are controlled by ejection pulses occurring at the vent. In‐flight tearing and fragmentation characterize large bombs, which often break on landing, both factors concurring to decrease the average grain size of the resulting deposits. Complex rotation and spinning are ubiquitous features of projectiles, and the related Magnus effect may deviate projectile trajectory by tens of degrees. A new relationship is derived, linking projectile velocity and size with the size of the resulting impact crater. Finally, apparent drag coefficient values, obtained for selected projectiles, mostly range from 1 to 7, higher than expected, reflecting complex projectile dynamics. These new perspectives will impact projectile hazard mitigation and the interpretation of projectile deposits from past eruptions, both on Earth and on other planets.
Clonal Myeloid Dysplasia Following CAR T-Cell Therapy: Chicken or the Egg?

Simple Summary Patients suffering from multiple myeloma receive many lines of treatment including chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy. Myeloma patients may develop devastating secondary malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The causative relationship between various anti-myeloma treatments and MDS is not fully understood. We report a study of five CART-treated patients myeloma patients who had MDS (four only after CART and one already prior to CART). We found that all these patients had all their MDS-related molecular changes (mutations) already prior to CART even if they did not have overt MDS in bone marrow evaluation before CART. No new mutations developed after CART, but the frequency of pre-existing mutations did increase. Our study presents evidence that anti-myeloma CART therapy may promote the expansion of pre-existing MDS clones rather than causing the development of new ones. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by recurrent relapses. Consequently, patients receive multiple therapy lines, including alkylating agents and immune modulators, which have been associated with secondary malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy is efficacious in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) MM. However, the long-term complications, particularly MDS, are not well understood. Whether CART therapy causes or promotes MDS has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we explored the causal relationship between MDS and CART therapy. We retrospectively examined the prevalence of MDS-related morphological and mutational changes before and after administration of CART therapy in five patients. Among them, four developed MDS after CART therapy, while one had pre-existing MDS prior to CART. None of the four patients who developed post-CART MDS showed morphological MDS changes prior to CART therapy. However, all four patients exhibited molecular alterations associated with MDS in their pre-CART as well as post-CART therapy bone marrow. No new mutations were observed. Our findings provide initial evidence suggesting that anti-BCMA CART therapy in MM may promote expansion of pre-existing MDS clones rather than causing development of new clones.
Distinct Optical and Structural (Nanoyarn and Nanomat-like Structure) Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Nanofilm Derived by Using Salvia officinalis Leaves Extract Made without and with PEO Polymer

This paper reports the optical properties of zinc oxide nanofilm fabricated by using organic natural products from Salvia officinalis leaves (SOL) extract and discusses the effect of the nanocrystal (NC) structure (nanoyarn and nanomat-like structure) on nanofilm optical properties. The surface-active layer of the nanofilm of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was passivated with natural organic SOL leaves hydrothermally, then accumulated on zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs). The nanofilms were fabricated (with and without PEO) on glass substrate (at 85 °C for 16 h) via chemical solution deposition (CSD). The samples were characterized by UV-vis, PL, FESEM, XRD, and TEM measurements. TEM micrographs confirmed the nucleation of ZnO NPs around 4 nm and the size distribution at 1.2 nm of ZnO QDs as an influence of the quantum confinement effect (QCE). The nanofilms fabricated with SOL surfactant (which works as a capping agent for ZnO NPs) represent distinct optoelectronic properties when compared to bulk ZnO. FESEM images of the nanofilms revealed nanoyarn and nanomat-like structures resembling morphologies. The XRD patterns of the samples exhibited the existence of ZnO nanocrystallites (ZnO NCs) with (100), (002), and (101) growth planes. The nanofilms fabricated represented a distinct optical property through absorption and broad emission, as the optical energy band gap reduced as the nanofilms annealed (at 120 ℃). Based on the obtained results, it was established that phytochemicals extracted from organic natural SOL leaves have a distinct influence on zoic oxide nanofilm fabrication, which may be useful for visible light spectrum trapping. The nanofilms can be used in photovoltaic solar cell applications.