Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEGREE OF UTILIZATION OF POTENTIAL SUGAR YIELD OF A RAPESEED PLANTATION BY INSECTS IN RESPECT OF RAPESEED HONEY YIELD IN AN APIARY

In the years 2002-2004, plantations of rapeseed were investigated for their sugar potential, intensity of visitation by pollinating insects and a degree of utilization of their nectar flow by insects. In addition, an assessment was carried out for rapeseed honey yield in apiaries adjacent to rapeseed plantations. The research demonstrated that on production plantations examined, winter rapeseed burst into blossom in the last week of April or in the first week of May and its blooming season spanned 3 to 4 weeks on average. On those plantations, plants were observed to grow 149 cm in height on average, whereas at particular plantations their height ranged from 129 to 187 cm. On average, there were 72 plants per 1 m2 (range from 32 to 121), that had an average number of 7 branches (from 5 to 7). Abundance of blooming reached 10,300 flowers on average, at fluctuations ranging from 6,500 to over 14,000 flowers. On all plantations, nectar secretion of the plants was very good and reached 10.47 mg of sugar per 10 flowers on average (range: from 6.44 to 13.76 mg). The mean sugar potential of a plantation accounted for ca. 105 kg of sugars per 1 ha, with a minimum of 42.4 kg and a maximum of 156.1 kg. The intensity of flower visitation by honeybees ranged from 7 to 28 working bees per 10 m2 of plantation and was not affected by the size of plantation, the sugar potential of a cultivar or by the number of bee colonies per 1 ha. In turn, the intensity of foraging was found to influence the degree of nectar utilization by bees and accounted on average for nearly 82%, fluctuating between 76 and 93%. In the surveyed apiaries, even in those standing in the proximity of the same plantation, the mean yield of rapeseed honey from one colony varied significantly from 0 to 27 kg. This clearly indicates that the sugar potential of rapeseed does no determine the yield of honey in an apiary.
Where Does Dense Water Sink? A Subpolar Gyre Example*

It is proposed that a dominant component of the downwelling limb of the thermohaline circulation takes place in regions where convective mixing is found adjacent to steep topography. A simple theoretical estimate of the overturning forced by such boundary convection is derived that depends only on the properties of the oceanic mixed layer along the boundary. Scaling estimates indicate that sinking forced by boundary convection is an order of magnitude greater than sinking in the open ocean resulting from large-scale dynamics or baroclinic instability of deep convective sites. Recent hydrographic observations in the Labrador Sea are used to estimate the downwelling due to these different mechanisms and support the notion that boundary sinking dominates. The theory compares well with the overturning rates diagnosed in a noneddy-resolving general circulation model over a wide range of parameters. As a direct consequence of these dynamics, the high-latitude hydrography and overturning circulation in the model are very sensitive to the presence of cyclonic rim currents. Lateral density advection by the rim currents in the subpolar gyre increases the stratification and limits the mixing near the boundaries, thus reducing the maximum downwelling. As a result, most of the high-latitude meridional heat transport is carried by the horizontal circulation instead of the overturning circulation. Such rim currents are found in different configurations of the model, including 1) a continental slope and standard diffusion parameters and 2) zero horizontal diffusion and a flat bottom.
Modelling seabed shear stress, sediment mobility, and sediment transport in the Bay of Fundy

Information about seabed stability and sediment dynamics is part of the fundamental geoscience knowledge required for the extraction of tidal energy in the Bay of Fundy and for the integrated management of the Bay. Waves, tidal currents, and wind-driven and circulation currents were obtained from oceanographic models to assess the wave and current processes for the broader Bay of Fundy. The wave and current outputs were coupled with observed grain size in a sediment transport model to predict, for the first time, the seabed shear stresses, sediment mobility, and sediment transport patterns for the entire Bay. The root mean square tidal current, highest in the upper Bay (>1.4 m·s−1), is reduced to moderate in the central Bay (0.5–0.8 m·s−1) and decreases further in the outer Bay (0.2–0.5 m·s−1). The maximum tidal current occurs in the Minas Passage and is >5 m·s−1. The mean significant wave height, in contrast, is the greatest in the outer Bay (∼1.3 m) and gradually decreases to the northeast in the centra.
Observations of small carnivores in Jakarta wildlife markets, Indonesia, with notes on trade in Javan Ferret Badger Melogale orientalis and on the increasing demand for Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus for civet coffee production

Six species of small carnivores were recorded during spot checks carried out in wildlife markets in Jakarta, Java, Indonesia, in 2010 and 2012, including Javan Ferret Badger Melogale orientalis, a little-known species rarely observed in trade. Most numerous was Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, which is increasingly being taken from the wild for the production of kopi luwak (‘civet coffee’). This trade, and the trade in small carnivores overall in Indonesia, should be carefully monitored. Laws in place to protect these species must be enforced. More research is required to determine the status of these species and the impacts of trade on their conservation.
A New East Asian Winter Monsoon Index and Associated Characteristics of the Winter Monsoon

A new East Asian winter monsoon index, which reflects the 300-hPa meridional wind shear associated with the jet stream, was defined to describe the variability of the winter monsoon in midlatitude East Asia. This index represents very well the seasonal mean winter temperature over Korea, Japan, and eastern China. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data from 1958 to 2001 were used to examine the composite structures of strong and weak winter monsoons based on this index. The composite strong winter monsoon is characterized by an enhanced upper-level jet stream south of Japan, a strengthened midtropospheric East Asian trough, a stronger than normal Aleutian low and Siberian high, and increased low-level northeasterlies along the Russian coast. This composite structure suggests that a cold winter in Korea and Japan depends critically on processes that control the pressure gradients between the Aleutian low and the Siberian high. Power spectral analysis of the index shows significant peaks occurring in 3‐4, 6‐8, and around 18 yr. The decadal peak is primarily due to a prominent cold period from 1980 to 1986 versus a warm period from 1987 to 1993. The regressed sea level pressure field for the interannual component resembles the composite strong winter monsoon pattern, whereas the sea level pressure pattern for the decadal component bears close similarity to that of the Arctic Oscillation. These conditions in the winter monsoon are associated with excess snowfall in October over the Siberian high, northeastern China, and far eastern Russia. The sensitivity experiments with the Seoul National University general circulation model suggest that the change in snow depth in autumn over the Siberian high and northeastern China may lead to the variability of the winter monsoon intensity. The teleconnection analysis confirms that development of the Siberian high and/or the Aleutian low is associated with an enhanced East Asian winter monsoon; the Arctic Oscillation is closely related to the winter monsoon intensity on the decadal time scale.
The Efficacy and Safety of Propranolol in Treating Infantile Hemangioma: A Prospective Study

: Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that often develop in infants. The most common treatment option for complicated hemangiomas is propranolol. We discuss the use of oral propranolol in treating infantile hemangioma (IH) in an Iranian population at our hospital. We conducted a cross-sectional prospective descriptive study on 62 infants aged 1 to 16 months from 2017 to 2021. Propranolol was gradually administered orally at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day. The hemangioma score was examined at 6 intervals (first visit, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later). Propranolol therapies were stopped when there was no further decrease in scores for 2 successive visits. The study was completed by 62 patients. In terms of hemangiomas, 46 (74.2%) patients had 1 lesion, 12 (19.4%) had 2 lesions, and 4 (6.5%) had 3 lesions. Over time, the average size of hemangiomas steadily decreased, such that 5 patients (9.1%) were completely treated; 1 patient improved after 3 months, 3 after 6 months, 1 after 9 months, and 57 (91.9%) were partially treated. Aside from being safe and effective, propanol can also obtain a higher response rate when treatment is started early in infants aged less than 3 months.
ΑΔΣ Advances in Decision Sciences

This paper measures and ranks market risk for 10 industries/sectors in Vietnam and Malaysia, two countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Two periods are considered, namely: (i) Global Financial Crisis (GFC) (2007-2009); and (ii) post-GFC (2010-2017). Market risk is measured using Value-at-Risk (VaR), that is, the potential losses in the future over a given time period (day or month) at a given confidence level; and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), that is, the risk of extreme loss. Both parametric and historical approaches are used. Empirical findings confirm that Vietnam sectors are relatively riskier than their counterparts in Malaysia, and that the market risk across sectors in both countries has been reduced substantially in the post-GFC period. The Financials sector, which includes Banks, Diversified Financials, and Insurance, has been largely ignored in the Vietnam Government’s focus. This particular industry is considered relatively risky in Vietnam, whereas it is ranked as a very safe sector in Malaysia. With the ambition to be a financial hub in the Asia-Pacific regional integration, a shift in attention to this important sector in Vietnam is the near future is strongly recommended.
Undrained Anisotropic Monotonic Behavior of Sand from In Situ Tests

A procedure for estimating the undrained stress-strain behavior of sand from drained self-boring pressuremeter and seismic piezocone penetration tests is proposed in this paper. The procedure offers an inexpensive alternative to laboratory testing and avoids the uncertainty of the empirical methods based on index measurements such as the Standard Penetration Test blow count and the tip resistance in a Piezocone Penetration Test (CPTU). To check its validity, the proposed procedure was used to infer the undrained triaxial stress-strain curves and the results were compared with laboratory triaxial tests on undisturbed samples. The undrained limit equilibrium stability of a dike was also assessed using the inferred stress-strain behavior to illustrate the usefulness of the procedure. The result of the stability analysis was found to be in qualitative agreement with the observed performance of the dike during a recent field experiment attempting to trigger static liquefaction.
UVicSPACE: Research & Learning Repository

In ﬁ sh populations with multiple age-classes of similar size and close proximity, interactions between age-classes may be an important source of density-dependent population structuring if there is a disparity in competitive ability, creating a competitive bottleneck. However, intercohort competitive interactions within a single year-class have rarely been investigated and may have implications for recruitment success. Blue ﬁ sh Pomatomus saltatrix produce at least two cohorts (spring-and summer-spawned) of offspring each year, and juveniles of this species are abundant in the lower Hudson River estuary, New York, during summer and early autumn. Our objectives were to evaluate the potential for a competitive bottleneck between these spring and summer cohorts by assessing the cohort-speci ﬁ c growth, condition, and patterns of resource use prior to the autumn migration in 2008 and 2009. The size advantage gained by the spring cohort resulting from earlier hatching dates was maintained throughout both summers. However, the summer juveniles achieved higher lipid content by the end of each summer. When the two cohorts inhabited the estuary at the same time, they exhibited high diet overlap and low spatial overlap. Although Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli predominated the prey base, the two Blue ﬁ sh cohorts exhibited cohort-speci ﬁ c size-selective feeding, such that the spring cohort preyed upon larger Bay Anchovy than the summer cohort, probably corresponding to different Bay Anchovy year-classes. In this large estuary, the two juvenile Blue ﬁ sh cohorts exhibited unique strategies with respect to growth and condition, which widened the competitive bottleneck by separating their niches spatially and by foraging on different age-classes of Bay Anchovy.
Differences in throughfall drop size distributions in the presence and absence of foliage

ABSTRACT Throughfall drop size distributions (DSDs) are important for plant–soil interactions. This is the first known study to quantify differences in throughfall DSDs with the presence and absence of foliage. Employing a disdrometer, three parameters solely representing throughfall drip were measured and calculated: maximum drop diameter (DMAX), median volume diameter of drops (D50DR) and relative volume percentage of drops (pDR). Beneath Liriodendron tulipifera L. in Maryland (USA), DMAX, D50DR and pDR were substantially larger when the canopy was unfoliated. In fact, the presence or absence of foliage was one of the primary factors affecting all three throughfall DSDs along with air temperature, according to the boosted regression tree analysis. Experimental results were attributed to differing physical properties of intercepted water between foliated and unfoliated periods and differential water behavior on leaves and bark. Future work should examine the effects of concentrated drip points on the development of throughfall-induced hot spots. Editor M.C. Acreman; Associate editor F. Hattermann
Sphingolipids in essential hypertension and endothelial dysfunction

). Several sphingolipids have been show to modulate arachidonic acid metabolism and thereby they can, at least in theory, orchestrate endothelium-dependent vasomotion. Both, ceramide and ceramide-1-phosphate have been reported to activate cPLA 2 26-30 . It was shown that ceramide modulates cPLA 2 activity by a direct interaction with the CalB (calcium-dependent phospholipid binding) domain of the enzyme, which facilitates membrane docking 27 . In a similar fashion, C1P has been suggested to increase the membrane association of cPLA 2 in vitro via a site in the cationic beta-groove of the C2 domain 30 .
Evaluation Of Physiological Traits Changes In Drought Stress, The Application Of Potassium And Their Impact On The Yield Of Mung Bean Cultivars And Promising Lines

Drought stress is one of the most important and effective factors on crops growth & its performance decrease, and potassium effective factor causes drought stress effects to decrease. In order to assess changes in physiological traits under drought stress, potassium and their impact on the yield of mung bean cultivars and promising lines in the tropical climate of Khuzestan, an experimental Factorial split plot with random complete blocks designed with three replications was carried out during 2010-2011 in the South West Agricultural Research Center of Iran (Safi-Abad, Dezful). Irrigation regimes (drought stress) as the main factors involved three levels of irrigation at 120, 180 and 240 mm of evaporation according to the evaporation pan. Potassium as the minor factor involved three levels of potassium at zero, 37.5 and 75 kg/ha and cultivar as another minor factor included five varieties: Partow, Indian heap and promising lines of cn95, vc6127 and kps1. Traits evaluated include: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll , and yield per hectare and stomatal Conductance. Two-year experiment results showed that the stress of water deficit significantly reduced the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll in the flowering stage, and also the yield per hectare and stomatal Conductance decreased. By increasing the drought stress, physiological traits related to seed yield were very much affected; however, the use of potassium effective factor causes drought stress effects to decrease. This study showed that Partow cultivar and the Indian heap have more adaptability to the harsh environmental conditions of this region, however, these cultivars, have formed a vine-type growth habit due to having an unlimited type of growth and more tender stems after flowering and pod-setting stages and thus harvesting them was more difficult than the promising lines which had a limited type of growth, stronger stems and erect growth habit. The interaction of drought stress and cultivar, drought stress and potassium, cultivar and potassium and the tripartite interaction showed a significant difference between treatments in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, yield per hectare and stomatal Conductance at 1% and 5% levels of significance.
Trip Generation Model for Gboko Town, Benue State, Nigeria

Nowadays many urban planning authorities especially in less developed countries have been struggling with traffic related challenges like traffic congestion, air pollution and traffic accidents in their cities. However, solutions to these problems cannot be achieved without rational planning decisions and cannot be attained without the basic understanding of the urban transport system. This study was carried out to assess commuter trip generation in Gboko town, Benue State with a view to estimate long-range future travel demand that would accommodate future transportation needs. Trip generation data was collected from 440 households using questionnaire and travel diary. The information from questionnaire and travel diary was used to prepare the origin-destination matrix, and gravity model was used to translate trip distribution into trip length frequency. Work trip had the greatest trip percentage (%) share among other trip purposes and was proxy for trip distribution. The 25-minute work trips dominated the urban trip pattern in Gboko town with 17.01 % annual increase. It implied that people would take much longer time and distance to reach their destination in Gboko town due to the large expanse of the town, or due to deficiency in public transit facilities and poor road infrastructure. Trip generation and distribution models for Gboko town provided accurate scenarios of the current travel pattern in the town and aided in forecasting future travel situations in the study area. The study recommended that urban transportation policy should encourage provision of public transit buses, incentives for public transit users and improve on the road network system to shorten the trip length frequency of the town.
Psychological Capital and Professional Identity: A Study of Professional Business Students

This research article reports the results and findings of an online survey questionnaire administered to 593 Masters of Business Administration (MBA) students using the MCPIS-9 and PCQ-12 instruments that measure Professional Identity (ProfId) and Psychological Capital (PsyCap), respectively. The results indicated a strong sense of ProfId (M = 4.2/5.0, SD = 0.66, N = 593), and a significant and positive relationship (p < .01, ΔR2adj = .25, N = 593) between PsyCap and ProfId. The results of this study represent a fruitful, albeit initial, foray into the ProfId and PsyCap of professional business students. The implications of these results inform and equip program stakeholders to devise curricular and pedagogical approaches to support students’ sense of self in their career trajectory.
Short-term tillage practices on soil organic matter pools in a tropical Ultisol

In tropical regions, pasture establishment involves tillage operations. Adoption of conservation tillage practices could result in lower costs and in improved soil quality by decreasing soil organic carbon (SOC) losses. This study investigated the effects of 3 tillage practices on the establishment of Brachiaria decumbens and on the total SOC and soil organic nitrogen (SON) content and its fractions in an Ultisol from the humid mountain zone of Puerto Rico that was previously under pasture. The treatments evaluated were no-tillage, minimum tillage, and conventional tillage (CT). At 120 days after planting (DAP), plant cover and density was improved in the CT treatment compared with the other treatments. At 180 DAP, there were no significant differences in the SOC, SON, aggregate size distribution, distribution of C within aggregate size classes, and labile C physical fractions among tillage treatments. Approximately 60% of the total SOC associated with aggregates was found within macroaggregates. About an equal proportion of the particulate organic matter (POM) was associated within aggregates and nonaggregate-protected free light fraction, and these were not affected by tillage management. Lower amounts of C mineralised after disruption of macroaggregates containing POM with high C/N ratio was probably due to immobilisation of the more labile protected C (iPOM). Labile forms of C were greater in macroaggregates than in microaggregates, yet comprised a lower proportion of total SOC, suggesting that macroaggregates have a greater proportion of C physically protected from microbial attack. The results indicate that there are no short-term changes in the tendency of the soil to lose C and N as a result of tillage practices for the establishment of pastures in this soil.