Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-Outburst Infrared Spectra of V1647 Ori, the Illuminating Star of McNeil’s Nebula

V1647 Ori is a low-mass star in the L1630 star-forming region that underwent an outburst in late 2003 and early 2004. We present postoutburst infrared spectra obtained with NIRSPEC (Keck II) and SpeX (IRTF) and compare these to spectra taken during the outburst. The results show that the temperature of the hot CO formed in the inner part of the disk has declined by ~800 K, while the water and CO ice and low-J CO gas features remained unchanged, consistent with previous assertions that the latter, low-temperature features arise in the foreground cloud. The P Cygni profiles of the Paschen series that were present in the outburst spectra taken in 2004 March disappeared by late 2004. The equivalent width of the helium absorption line at 1.0830 μm decreased from 8.9 to 3.9 Å between 2004 March and November, evidence that the hot, fast wind has decreased substantially. We discuss the implications for categorizing V1647 Ori among the known classes of outbursting young stars.
Damping of Surface Alfvén Wave in a Slab Plasma

The MHD wave is studied when two steep density gradient regions exist at surfaces of slab plasma. In such a case, it is shown that the surface Alfven wave has two branches with nearly the same damping rates, since the steep density gradients are located closely each other. However, for the sharp boundary plasma, the surface Alfven wave does not damp. As the density profile is relaxed, the damping rates become larger, pass via extremum, and again they become small when the scale length of the density gradients extremely increases. These damping rates seem consistent with behavior of magnetic fluctuations observed in the Heliotron-E pellet injection experiment.
Baroclinic instability in the presence of a strong horizontal shear

Abstract The theory of baroclinic instability is extended to include strong horizontal shears. The f-plane and anelastic approximations are used, but the assumption that the Rossby number is small is relaxed. Although this problem is nongeostrophic, much of the standard theory, including necessary conditions for instability and a semicircle theorem, generalize readily for disturbances of low zonal wavenumber.
Layered double-diffusive convection in porous media

In this paper it is shown that layered double-diffusive convection of a fluid within a porous medium is possible. A thin ‘diffusive’ interface was observed in a Hele Shaw cell and in a laboratory porous medium, with salt and sugar or heat and salt as the diffusing components. Heat–salt and salt–sugar fluxes through two-layer convection systems were measured and are compared with predictions of a model. For the thermohaline system the salt and heat buoyancy fluxes are approximately in the ratio r ≃ ετm½, where ε is the porosity and Tm is the appropriate ratio of diffusivities. The behaviour of the heat flux is explained in terms of a coupling between purely thermal convection within each convecting layer and diffusion through the density interface. Salinity gradients are important only within the interface. The presence of a ‘diffusive’ interface in the Wairakei geothermal system is postulated. The ratio of heat and salt fluxes (that can be estimated from existing observations) through this convection system is consistent with the laboratory flux ratio.
1.21 µm Continuous-Wave Operation of Highly Strained GaInAs Quantum Well Lasers on GaAs Substrates

Highly strained GaInAs quantum well lasers emitting at 1.21 µm are fabricated on GaAs substrates. Room-temperature continuous-wave operation with a low threshold current density of 360 A/cm2 is achieved. 1.3 µm GaInNAs/GaAs lasers can be fabricated at a low nitrogen content of 0.5%.
Recent Advances in the Applications of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) in Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review

There has been a tremendous increase in the investigations of three-dimensional (3D) printing for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, and drug delivery in particular, ever since the US FDA approved the first 3D printed medicine, SPRITAM® (levetiracetam) in 2015. Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, involves various manufacturing techniques like fused-deposition modeling, 3D inkjet, stereolithography, direct powder extrusion, and selective laser sintering, among other 3D printing techniques, which are based on the digitally controlled layer-by-layer deposition of materials to form various geometries of printlets. In contrast to conventional manufacturing methods, 3D printing technologies provide the unique and important opportunity for the fabrication of personalized dosage forms, which is an important aspect in addressing diverse patient medical needs. There is however the need to speed up the use of 3D printing in the biopharmaceutical industry and clinical settings, and this can be made possible through the integration of modern technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and Internet of Things, into additive manufacturing. This will lead to less human involvement and expertise, independent, streamlined, and intelligent production of personalized medicines. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is another important additive manufacturing technique similar to 3D printing, but adds a 4th dimension defined as time, to the printing. This paper aims to give a detailed review of the applications and principles of operation of various 3D printing technologies in drug delivery, and the materials used in 3D printing, and highlight the challenges and opportunities of additive manufacturing, while introducing the concept of 4D printing and its pharmaceutical applications.
A Hematological and Histopathological Study on Diphenhydramine Nasal Nano-gel and Nano-emulgel for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Animal Model

The study aims to determine histamine efficacy on hematologic values in experimental animal model, under physiological and pathological conditions after inducing diphenhydramine-formulated nasal nano-gel/nano-emulgel in comparison with conventional nasal spray regime. In this study, we conducted experiment on New Zealand white male rabbits to prove our hypothesis that nasal diphenhydramine nano-gel and nano-emulgel can penetrate the nasal mucosa faster to show drug response and subside histaminic symptoms than market nasal spray (as reference). Blood samples from 48 New Zealand white male rabbits, under both experimental conditions (physiological and pathological) divided into four groups for each (n = 6) were investigated after inducing each dosage form intranasally. Hematologic parameters (WBCs, RBCs, HGB, PLTs, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, granulocyte counts) were analyzed in whole blood samples, collected at different time intervals. ANOVA and completely randomized design (CRD) were applied for statistical analysis. Histopathologically, nasal tissues of all groups were analyzed to see intramucosal surface changes. Data of descriptive statistics of hematological parameters analyzed at confidence level 95% showed that under physiological condition, hematological parameters of all groups were lying in normal range, whereas under pathological condition, low values of all hematological parameters were observed in all groups due to allergenic condition. The groups B (allergenic rabbits treated with formulated diphenhydramine nasal nano-gel) and C (allergenic rabbits treated with formulated diphenhydramine nasal nano-emulgel) have shown good changes in the treatment of allergenic rabbits as compared to group D (allergenic rabbits treated with formulated diphenhydramine nasal spray). The completely randomized ANOVA and Tukey HSD all-pairwise comparison tests of hematological parameters were applied that showed all groups in both studies were significantly different from each other. It was observed after histopathological study of nasal membrane tissues that change in mucosa has occurred due to the passage of drug. In summary, hematological profile and histopathological study have demonstrated the comparable results with conventional diphenhydramine nasal spray and formulated diphenhydramine nasal nano-gel/nano-emulgel which can exhibit considerable drug delivery dosage forms in the management of allergic rhinitis in animal model. Graphical Abstract
A nonlinear atomization model for computation of drop size distributions and spray simulations

A model has been developed to provide a comprehensive simulation of a spray formed by a high‐speed liquid jet. The primary atomization process is simulated in a completely nonlinear fashion using the boundary element method under the assumption of axisymmetric, inviscid flow. The presence of the orifice boundary layer is simulated with a ring vortex whose strength and location are uniquely determined from boundary layer properties at the orifice exit plane. Droplet and axisymmetric ligament tracking models have been developed to provide more comprehensive spray simulations. The breakup of the axisymmetric ligaments shed from the parent surface is assessed both in a nonlinear fashion as well as using the linear stability analysis of Ponstein. Using this latter approach, drop size distributions have been generated from first principles and compared with the popular Rosin–Rammler model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerically Simulated Electrification and Lightning of the 29 June 2000 STEPS Supercell Storm

Abstract A three-dimensional dynamic cloud model incorporating airflow dynamics, microphysics, and thunderstorm electrification mechanisms is used to simulate the first 3 h of the 29 June 2000 supercell from the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS). The 29 June storm produced large flash rates, predominately positive cloud-to-ground lightning, large hail, and an F1 tornado. Four different simulations of the storm are made, each one using a different noninductive (NI) charging parameterization. The charge structure, and thus lightning polarity, of the simulated storm is sensitive to the treatment of cloud water dependence in the different NI charging schemes. The results from the simulations are compared with observations from STEPS, including balloon-borne electric field meter soundings and flash locations from the Lightning Mapping Array. For two of the parameterizations, the observed “inverted” tripolar charge structure is well approximated by the model. The polarity of th.
A note on the variance of doubly-robust G-estimators

A recursive variance calculation is derived for doubly-robust G-estimators for dynamic treatment regimes in a multi-interval setting. Treatment decision parameters are not assumed to be shared across treatment intervals; this independence of parameters permits sequential estimation of the G-estimators' variance when G-estimation is performed in a sequential fashion. The recursive variance calculation is both natural and computationally feasible. This development can easily be adapted to other complex estimating procedures that require nuisance parameter estimation. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Boundary Mixing and Arrested Ekman Layers: Rotating Stratified Flow Near a Sloping Boundary

We are concerned here with the behavior of a rotating, stratified fluid near a sloping rigid boundary, with boundary conditions of zero normal buoyancy flux and no slip. Although this is an interesting fluid dynamical problem in its own right, we have been motivated by two major, and at first sight disparate, topics in physical oceanography. The first, known as "boundary mixing", is concerned with how turbulent mixing at the sloping sides of the density-stratified ocean affects the stratification in the interior. The second topic involves the way in which the combination of strati-
Structural Estimation of Jump-Diffusion Processes in Macroeconomics

This paper shows how to solve and estimate a continuous-time dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with jumps. It also shows that a continuous-time formulation can make it simpler (relative to its discrete-time version) to compute and estimate the deep parameters using the likelihood function when non-linearities and/or non-normalities are considered. We illustrate our approach by solving and estimating the stochastic AK and the neoclassical growth models. Our Monte Carlo experiments demonstrate that non-normalities can be detected for this class of models. Moreover, we provide strong empirical evidence for jumps in aggregate US data.
Influencing factors in image‐based fluid–structure interaction computation of cerebral aneurysms

We review and summarize our research activities in fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis of cerebral aneurysms using anatomically realistic geometry models based on medical images. Emphasis is placed on influencing factors in computational FSI, and their role and clinical implications are discussed in terms of the wall shear stress (WSS). The key factors are: (1) arterial and aneurysm geometries, (2) wall structure modeling, (3) blood pressure, (4) outflow conditions and (5) inflow conditions. Among these, we find the impact of the arterial and aneurysm geometries to be the most significant. Blood pressure also has a significant impact on the WSS distribution; a hypothetical hypertensive blood pressure condition could help estimate the rupture risk for an aneurysm. We find the other three factors to be minor compared with the arterial and aneurysm geometries and blood pressure, although the level of influence could be unique to the middle cerebral artery aneurysms that we have been focusing on in our studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charging of a dust particle in a plasma with a non extensive electron distribution function

We present a theoretical model for the electrostatic charging of a spherical dust particle in an electron-ion plasma with streaming ions and a nonextensive electron distribution function following a non-Maxwell-Boltzmann law. The non-extensive electron distribution function drastically affects the electron current to dust grain surface and, therefore, the electron charge on a dust particle is significantly reduced in a non-Maxwellian dusty plasma.
Adaptive use of TRMM observations for tropical precipitation forecasts

In order to assess and improve the short-range tropical precipitation forecasts, an adaptive use of TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) rainfall via a physical initialization (PI) technique is explored. An EOF-based perturbation method is first employed to generate 25 initial ensemble members. From these initial ensemble analyses, twelve-hour forecasts are performed. Predicted 12-hour accumulated rainfall fields are then used to find sensitive (adaptive) regions, owing to initial condition uncertainties in terms of the rainfall forecast error variance. To shorten the computing time, the 14-level Florida State University Global Spectral Model at a resolution of T106 (FSUGSM T106L14) is employed in the above procedure. Next, based on a map of the rainfall forecast error variance, higher resolution T170 experiments are carried out from the adaptively initialized states. The rainfall forecast skill of the adaptive PI experiments is compared to that of the normal mode initialization (NMI), and the regular PI experiments. In the regular PI, it is performed over the whole tropics. Our results indicate that the adaptive PI of the TRMM rainfall over regions of large rainfall variances due to initial condition uncertainties, may potentially improve 3-day rainfall forecast skills over the global tropics. In addition, more notable improvements are evident over the adaptive regions, themselves.
Modeling of wave driven molecular (H/sub 2/, N/sub 2/, N/sub 2/-Ar) discharges as atomic sources

Microwave H/sub 2/, N/sub 2/, and N/sub 2/-Ar discharges driven by traveling surface waves are investigated as sources of ground state N(/sup 4/S), H(1s) atoms. The dissociation kinetics is discussed in the framework of theoretical models based on a self-consistent treatment of the main discharge balances, wave electrodynamics and plasma-wall interactions. It is shown that the number density of hydrogen H(1s) atoms depends heavily on the wall conditions at low pressure conditions. The kinetics of N(/sup 4/S) and metastable N(/sup 2/D) and N(/sup 2/P) atoms and of the molecular N/sub 2/(A/sup 3//spl Sigma//sub u//sup +/) metastable state in a pure N/sub 2/ discharge are shown to be strongly coupled. One possible way to control and to enhance nitrogen dissociation is the use of an N/sub 2/-Ar mixture. The increase in dissociation degree of N/sub 2/ molecules at high Ar fractional concentration can be attributed to dissociative recombination between electrons and N/sub 2//sup +/ positive ions. The predicted results for the atomic density are compared with emission spectroscopy data.
SINFONI in the Galactic Center: Young Stars and Infrared Flares in the Central Light-Month

We report on 75 mas resolution, near-IR imaging spectroscopy within the central 30 lt-days of the Galactic center, taken with the new adaptive optics-assisted integral-field spectrometer SINFONI on the ESO VLT. To a limiting magnitude of K ~ 16, 9 of 10 stars in the central 0. ″4, and 13 of 17 stars out to 0. ″7 from the central black hole have spectral properties of B0-B9 main-sequence stars. Based on the 2.1127 μm He I line width, all brighter early-type stars have normal rotation velocities, similar to solar neighborhood stars. We combine the new radial velocities with SHARP/NACO astrometry to derive improved three-dimensional stellar orbits for six of these "S stars" in the central 0. ″5. Their orientations in space appear random. Their orbital planes are not co-aligned with those of the two disks of massive young stars 1''-10'' from Sgr A*. We can thus exclude the hypothesis that the S stars as a group inhabit the inner regions of these disks. They also cannot have been located/formed in these disks and then migrated inward within their planes. From the combination of their normal rotation and random orbital orientations, we conclude that the S stars were most likely brought into the central light-month by strong individual scattering events. The updated estimate of distance to the Galactic center from the S2 orbit fit is R0 = 7.62 ± 0.32 kpc, resulting in a central mass value of (3.61 ± 0.32) × 106 M☉. We happened to catch two smaller flaring events from Sgr A* during our spectral observations. The 1.7-2.45 μm spectral energy distributions of these flares are fit by a featureless, "red" power law of spectral index α′ = -4 ± 1 (Sν ~ ν). The observed spectral slope is in good agreement with synchrotron models in which the infrared emission comes from accelerated, nonthermal, high-energy electrons in a radiatively inefficient accretion flow in the central R ~ 10RS region.
On the Class of Erlang Mixtures with Risk Theoretic Applications

Abstract A wide variety of distributions are shown to be of mixed-Erlang type. Useful computational formulas result for many quantities of interest in a risk-theoretic context when the claim size distribution is an Erlang mixture. In particular, the aggregate claims distribution and related quantities such as stop-loss moments are discussed, as well as ruin-theoretic quantities including infinitetime ruin probabilities and the distribution of the deficit at ruin. A very useful application of the results is the computation of finite-time ruin probabilities, with numerical examples given. Finally, extensions of the results to more general gamma mixtures are briefly examined.
Discovery of a new short-period, eclipsing cataclysmic variable

Photometry and spectroscopy of a newly recognized 14th mag eclipsing cataclysmic variable, KPD 1911 + 1212 (= SVS 8130, V1315 Agl) are reported. The system exhibits deep (1.7 mag) eclipses with period 0.1397 day. The spectrum is that of a high-excitation old nova and shows dramatic variability of the emission line strengths through the eclipse. The profiles of the Balmer emission lines are also phase-dependent, with prominent absorption cores appearing briefly near the inferior conjunction of the emission line source. There is no direct evidence for the secondary. A preliminary determination of radial velocity variations at modest spectral resolution yields K = 132 + or - 26 km/s for the Balmer emission lines. A model is presented for the system consistent with current data, which implies a mass for the primary and secondary stars of 0.9 and 0.4 solar mass respectively and in inclination of i = 78 deg.
Schoenberg's exponential Euler spline curves

Synopsis The exponential Euler spline curves of Schoenberg are used to derive the correctness of cardinal interpolation by shifted univariate B-splines and the “metric condition” on the bi-infinite Toeplitz matrix of interpolation. Additional monotonicity properties of the associated symbol for interpolation in each of its parameters are also given.
Evaluation of the Summertime Low-Level Winds Simulated by MM5 in the Central Valley of California

Abstract A season-long set of 5-day simulations between 1200 UTC 1 June and 1200 UTC 30 September 2000 are evaluated using the observations taken during the Central California Ozone Study (CCOS) 2000 experiment. The simulations are carried out using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), which is widely used for air-quality simulations and control planning. The evaluation results strongly indicate that the model-simulated low-level winds in California’s Central Valley are biased in speed and direction: the simulated winds tend to have a stronger northwesterly component than observed. This bias is related to the difference in the observed and simulated large-scale, upper-level flows. The model simulations also show a bias in the height of the daytime atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), particularly in the northern and southern Central Valley. There is evidence to suggest that this bias in the daytime ABL height is not only associated with the large-scale, upper-level b.
A formulation of general shell elements—the use of mixed interpolation of tensorial components†

We briefly discuss the requirements on general shell elements for linear and nonlinear analysis in practical engineering environments, and present our approach to meet these needs. We summarize and give further insight into our formulation of a 4-node shell element using a mixed interpolation of tensorial components, and present a new 8-node element using this approach. Specific attention is given to the general applicability of the elements and their efficient use in practice.