Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some quantitative aspects of written and spoken French based on syntactically annotated corpora

ABSTRACT Based on two syntactically annotated corpora, and within the theoretical tradition of dependency grammar, the current study investigates the quantitative differences and similarities between written and spoken French. Our findings support the assumption that spoken and written French are two realizations of one language that do not differ in the syntactic categories, but in the frequency of these categories, and also in their organization in sentence. The subjects in spoken French are mostly pronouns, whereas in written French the subjects are mostly nouns and pronouns. Spoken and written French share many syntactic relations, but with different frequencies. For instance, dislocations are more diverse and frequent in spoken French. Spoken French and written French differ in the word order of vocative nominal phrases. Finally, written French is slightly more difficult to process than spoken French.
Is Language an Economic Institution? Evidence from R&D Investment

Some languages encode future timing more ambiguously than others. We identify two economic channels through which more ambiguous reference to future timing leads to higher levels of R&D investment. Our empirical tests on country- and firm-level R&D investment confirm this prediction, even after controlling for an extensive set of formal and informal economic institutions and addressing endogeneity concern in multiple ways. Tests on patent generation provide further evidence that ambiguous reference to future timing leads to more innovation.
Swedish environmental history of the Baltic Sea

In Western culture, oceans have traditionally been perceived as timeless, separate from society and practically boundless in resources and absorptive capacity. As a result, the entangled histories of people and marine environments have largely been neglected in historical research. This is changing with the development of marine environmental history together with increasing recognition of oceans’ vulnerability and importance in earth systems. Against this background, we review the current state of historical knowledge of how different actors within Swedish society have perceived and impacted the Baltic Sea environment, as well as discovered and responded to marine environmental change. We find that this environmental history, as distinct from other forms of historical research, has so far received limited attention. While the environmental histories of terrestrial resources in Sweden – including forests, agriculture, minerals and energy – have been thoroughly studied, there is little comparative knowledge about the formation and development of the major scientific institutions and public agencies involved in Baltic Sea governance. In light of this, we discuss how knowledge about Sweden’s marine environmental history can be improved, and the importance this may have for the future sustainability of the Baltic Sea.
Job resources and career success of IVET graduates in Switzerland: a different approach to exploring the standing of VET

ABSTRACT According to common indicators such as the prestige of vocational education and training (VET), enrolment rates in initial VET (IVET) programmes, or the involvement of private partners, the Swiss VET system enjoys a high standing. In this paper, we took a different approach and examined the effects of educational resources (educational degree) and personal resources (core self-evaluations, CSE) on graduates’ job resources (learning opportunities, job control, social relations) and career success (career satisfaction, salary). The study included 1507 persons who were allocated to three groups: 1) IVET graduates without higher education degrees (N = 585), 2) IVET graduates with a higher education degree (N = 395), and 3) graduates from general education with a university degree (N = 527). We found that IVET graduates who did not pursue any higher education had fewer learning opportunities in their jobs and lower salaries than university graduates. The job resources and salary levels of IVET graduates with a higher education degree only differed a little from those of university graduates. Higher levels of CSE were related to more job resources, higher salaries and greater career satisfaction. The study underscores the importance of fostering employees’ personal resources and providing learning opportunities to all workers independent of the level of education.
Profile of iron deficiency anemia among junior high school students

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a serious significant public health problem, since it’s negative impact on physical and psycological development, behavior and work capacity. There are many risk factors influencing the development of IDA. A cross-sectional study has been conducted in 301 Junior High School students at East Jakarta in January-February 2000. A structural questionnaire, physical, cell blood count (CBC) and Serum Iron ( SI ) examinations were performed. We found some of the many variables were connected with IDA by using bivariat analysis. Anemia was found in 41 out of 301 students (13,6%) and only 25 children (8.3%) suffered from IDA. Among 179 female students, only 33 children (18.5%) were anemic and 20 out of 33 (12.0%) have IDA. Bivariat analysis revealed a significant association between IDA with sex, parent’s education, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) scores, and menstruation. It is concluded that the prevalence of IDA in this study was lower than found in some previous studies in Indonesia. Gender, menstruation, low educated parents, and low FFQ scores were risk factors for IDA.
Continuous IAQ monitoring with low-cost monitors: protocol development, performance and application in residential buildings

Over recent decades, dwellings have become more energy-efficient. While many studies have focused on looking at energy conservation and decarbonisation of the housing stock, very few had a look at the indoor air quality (IAQ). The current approach to IAQ and occupational health studies is limited by current knowledge on ventilation, indoor air pollutants and the instruments to measure them. The ventilation and indoor pollution measurements required are expensive and invasive; therefore, these studies tend to be small and isolated. Perhaps one of the most significant barriers for IAQ studies is the instrumentation needed for current approaches. Their cost, size, process control and required specialised training makes them unfeasible. For these reasons, IAQ studies tend to be based on short-term or spot measurements. Recent developments in technologies and communications have led to the development of low-cost IAQ monitors, that have the potential to be used in IAQ studies. This study aims to develop, test the performance and application of a method to measure the IAQ using low-cost (<£200.00) monitors and remote data collection. After assessing the capabilities of several low-cost IAQ monitors, the Foobot was selected for this study. The Foobot data were compared to traditional IAQ monitors to address accuracy and quality concerns. Foobot has the potential to be used in IAQ studies; however, it is limited by the range of parameters to measure. While it is capable of measuring the most common air pollutants, the Foobot may not be ideal to established IAQ assessment routines, such as the CIBSE KS17 or the EPA. The methodology presented in this work uses online surveys to collect qualitative data about the perception of the IAQ, thermal comfort and selfreported illnesses. The methodology was tested in seven dwellings located in Mexico City, San Francisco and Dunfermline. Air temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter and total volatile organic compounds were collected at five-minute intervals in three rooms of each of the dwellings. The analysis of the data suggests that IAQ is mostly related to occupant’s behaviour, outdoor pollution and ventilation rates. While the methodology presented in this work may have some limitations, it nevertheless provides an alternative and innovative method for IAQ monitoring. This should encourage IAQ data collection, enhancing our knowledge on IAQ and promote healthier indoor environments.
New Insights into Signal Detection of the Effects of Exposures during Pregnancy

i Co-Authorship Statement . iii Dedication . iv Acknowledgment . v List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii List of Appendices . xiv List of Abbreviations . xv Chapter 1: General introduction. 1 1.1. Understanding the role of meta-analysis in maternal-fetal health research. 1 1.2. Understanding the role of retrospective pregnancy exposure registries in maternal-fetal health research. 3 1.3. Applying meta-analysis to address unresolved research question in teratology with H1 antihistamine as an example. 4 1.4. Cumulative meta-analysis as a tool in detecting the emergence of evidence in teratology, treatment of preeclampsia as an example. 6 1.5. References. 7 Chapter 2: Objectives and hypotheses. 9 2.1. Objectives. 9 2.2. Hypotheses. 9 Chapter 3: The role of meta-analyses in identifying human teratogenicity. 11 3.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXPERIENCED BY ADOLESCENTS: THE DISCOURSE OF WOMEN EDUCATORS

ABSTRACT Objective: to learn the perception of women educators about domestic violence against adolescents. Method: this is a qualitative study, based on Paulo Freire's Critical-Liberating Perspective, conducted with 20 women educators from a public elementary school located in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. An interview was conducted from August to October 2017. Data was systematized based on the Collective Subject Discourse and analyzed in the light of theorist Paulo Freire. Results: the women educators' speeches about domestic violence against adolescents revealed perceptions represented by the “Forms of violence against adolescents practiced in the domestic setting”; “Repercussions of domestic violence on health and education”; “Naturalization of domestic violence”; and “Reproduction of violence in the school space”. Conclusion: women educators recognize domestic violence as an intergenerational phenomenon that expresses itself in various ways and has repercussions on the physical and mental health of adolescents with repercussions on school performance and interpersonal relationships, including with peers and teachers.
Family language policy in mixed-language families: an exploratory study of online parental discourses

ABSTRACT This paper reports on an exploratory qualitative investigation of the discourses of plurilingual children’s parents, with a view to developing an understanding of their family language policy. Drawing loosely on Spolsky [2004. Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press], family language policy was conceptualised as having two components: (a) linguistic ideology, i.e. beliefs and attitudes towards language, linguistic development and plurilingualism, and (b) language transmission and management practices. A data corpus (242,178 words) was generated by drawing data from two online parent communities, focusing on families where Modern Greek was one of the family languages. Thematic analysis was used to explore the parents’ stated attitudes, beliefs and practices about language, family and education as they related to plurilingualism and linguistic development. We documented strong positive views about fostering plurilingualism, as well as a range of concerns about balancing different aspects of the children’s developing linguistic repertoire. We also noted that established language development and management practices (e.g. ‘OPOL’, ‘Minority Language at Home’) were supplemented with more flexible ones, suggesting adjustment to emerging multilingual norms. The findings suggest that there is scope for developing conceptual models of family language policy that are more responsive to emerging patterns of language contact and plurilingualism.
Coronary Heart Disease Concomitant with Atherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease

: Cardio-cerebrovascular disease has a high rate of disability and mortality and affects a large number of people worldwide. Early prevention, accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are of great significance. This article reviews the risk factors, multimodalities of imaging diagnosis, and operational options for the atherosclerotic cardio-cerebrovascular combined disease.
EVALUATION OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SILYMARIN ON DOXORUBICIN INDUCED CHRONIC TESTICULAR TOXICITY IN RATS

Doxorubicin (DOX) (also known as hydroxyl daunorubicin or Adriamycin) is a cytotoxic, anthracycline antibiotic drug isolated from the soil fungus Streptomyces peucetius caesius. DOX is widely used as intravenous antimitotic neoplastic to treat wide range of solid tumours. It has been shown to produce reproductive abnormalities in males. Silymarin (SYL), a flavanolignan compound extracted from seeds of 'milk thistle' (Silybum marianum), is an antioxidant well known for its hepatoprotective action. The present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of SYL on DOX induced testicular toxicity in rats. SYL was administered at a dose of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 300mg/kg to rats which are simultaneously given DOX (3mg/kg) to induce testicular toxicity. The treatment was given for a period of 5 weeks. SYL treatment maintained near normal levels of sperm count, testicular spermatid head concentration, daily sperm production, Serum testosterone levels and normal spermatogenesis when compared to positive control.
Good to Go First? Position Order Effects in Expert Evaluation of Early-Stage Ventures

There is considerable anxiety and conflicting advice concerning the benefits of presenting/being evaluated first. In this paper, we investigate how randomly assigned expert evaluators vary in their evaluations of pitches, based on position order, in the premiere innovation fund competition in Beijing, China. In this research: (a) the prize money at stake is economically meaningful. (b) Evaluators with different professional backgrounds are randomly assigned to evaluate pitches individually, with scores then averaged for the purpose of selecting grantees. (c) The evaluations observed in this setting result in funding that is non-zero-sum as funds are doled-out based on cumulative scores until all available funds for a particular year are allocated. (d) We also obtained and coded granular measures of the firms’ pre-pitch performance metrics used by the evaluators in their judgments. As this written material was the sole basis of evaluation used by the experts — in contrast with the persuasiveness of oral or live sports/musical presentations that may vary considerably across performances and which may be impacted by (even random) performance order — we have a compelling context to assess evaluation order effects. We can and do also estimate firm and evaluator fixed effects models that yield consistent findings. Overall, we find that an applicant that is evaluated first needs net profits in the top fifth percentile to merely equal the evaluation of an applicant in the bottom first percentile that is not evaluated first.
Human pharmacology of current and new treatments for schizophrenia

The studies in this thesis together show different ways of studying human pharmacology, give an impression of the current drug development in schizophrenia, and provide examples how human pharmacology can be applied in an early stage of drug development in healthy volunteers. The investigated compounds show that the main pharmacological focus in this area has shifted from psychosis to improvement of individual negative or cognitive symptom complexes, from direct receptor inhibition to indirect receptor modulation, and from single drug strategies to combination therapies, each targeted at different symptoms. We have tried to create a pharmacological fingerprint of the investigated compounds by making use of an intensive CNS test battery to measure effects in different functional domains of the brain and additional ‘tools’ (i.e. positive controls, dose escalation, PK-PD modeling and pharmacological challenge tests) to improve the reliability of the tests. This diversity of drug development strategies and range of neurotransmitters in schizophrenia reflects the increasing complexity of neuropharmacological hypotheses in this field. Despite these difficulties, incremental changes in drug characteristics and treatment strategies may well lead to the introduction of new classes or combinations of drugs in the future.
Sistem Informasi Penyedia Pemandu Wisata dengan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Berbasis Android

Berwisata merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang mampu menghilangkan kepenatan serta kejenuhan. Pariwisata merupakan objek yang sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan asing dan juga domestik sehingga menjadi sumber pendapatan daerah tersebut. Kemajuan dalam sektor pariwisata memberikan kontribusi yang besar untuk negara Indonesia diantara sumber-sumber pendapatan asli daerah lainnya. Hal tersebutlah yang melatar belakangi pembuatan aplikasi Pemandu O-Tour Guide Indonesia Berbasis Android. O-Tour Guide merupakan aplikasi penyewaan pemandu wisata yang memiliki fitur pencarian lokasi, menampilkan profil hingga lisensi kerja pemandu wisata. Aplikasi O-Tour Guide ini memadukan metode Sistem Pengambilan Keputusan Simple Additive Weighting yang guna mempermudah wisatawan untuk memilih pemandu wisata Tujuan pembuatan penelitian adalah membuat sebuah aplikasi pemandu wisata yang menjamin keaslian data. Aplikasi android ini yang diharapkan mampu memberikan kemudahan bagi pengguna wisata untuk mengetahui memilih pemandu wisata dan informasi para pemandu wisata.
Professional identity neutralizes charismatic leadership tactics in a crisis

Purpose This paper aims to examine the main and the interaction effect of follower’s professional identity and leader’s use of charismatic leadership tactics (CLTs) on follower performance and work engagement during a crisis. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed a 2 × 2 between subjects experiment in which both professional identity and CLTs were manipulated for a group of 320 participants. Findings Professional identity has a main positive effect on followers’ performance and work engagement and works as a neutralizer (counter-effect) moderator in the relationship between CLTs and work engagement during a crisis. Research limitations/implications Participants in the experiments were final-year engineering students and the authors manipulated only two dimensions of crisis, i.e. time urgency and high priority. Practical implications Organizations can strive to select for and develop professional identity amongst their members to survive crisis like situations rather than rely only on charismatic leaders. Originality/value This is the first study to incorporate crisis for examining a neutralizer for CLTs.
Microclimate of Developing Tubular Leaves Used as Roost Sites by Bats

Roosts are critical for the reproduction and survival of bats and many species spend a significant portion of their lives in them; thus, individuals should carefully select sites that reduce predation risk while providing ideal microclimatic conditions. Many studies have determined that bats select warmer and more humid roosts in temperate regions, but few studies have determined if roosts selected by tropical species also provide suitable conditions. In this study we compare temperature and humidity within and outside furled tubular leaves of plants in the order Zingiberales, which are used by several tropical species as roost-sites, to determine if these structures provide microclimatic advantages to bats. We found very small differences between the internal and external temperatures of tubular leaves, and the difference further decreased as leaves developed. However, we found large differences in humidity within the tubular leaf compared to external conditions, which were strongly dependent on a leaf's diameter and genus. The internal humidity was often 20% above the external, particularly when leaves were narrower, and tubular leaves in the genus Heliconia were more humid than those in the genus Calathea. Our findings suggest that, despite being fairly exposed structures, furled tubular leaves provide suitable microclimatic conditions for tropical species.
Creative Process in Writing Short Stories by Female Domestic Workers

As one of the creative works, writing a short story requires imaginative ability, which often associated with a certain level of creativity and intellectual capacity as well as enough time to complete the work. However, the publication of short stories by some Indonesian female migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong, since 2005, demand more explanation. This research is intended to explain the creative process of writing literary fiction of Indonesian female domestic workers, who did not possess a high education level, and must write under constant obstructions from their employees as well as limited time available for them to write. This research was conducted in Hong Kong, using qualitative research with case study methods. The resources the researcher were including video, photo and text documents, archive notes, in-depth interview, direct observations, and engaged observations. This research establishes eight episodes of the creative process for the female-domestic-worker writers from beginning to the end. High education and flexible time are not absolute pre-requisites. Anyone could write a short story, including a marginalized person, as long as he or she has strong determination and passion for overcoming the challenges in their creative journey.
Consumption and performance responses of the amphipod Echinogammarus berilloni change during laboratory incubation

Microcosms try to mimic the behaviour of natural ecosystems; however, differences in experimental conditions reduce comparability among studies. A standard incubation duration may increase comparability between experiments without losing realism in the response. Some response variables can respond fast, acting as early warning signals of other, more important oncoming changes. In this experiment, we test the effects of resource quality and incubation duration on the performance of the amphipod Echinogammarus berilloni. Individuals were fed on five leaf species of contrasting quality and we measured their consumption rate, death rate, RNA:body mass (RNA:BM), growth rate, mass body condition and lipid body condition over time. We predicted that (i) resource quality would affect the response variables, (ii) consumption rate and RNA:BM ratio would act as early warning signals of oncoming changes in growth or death rates, and (iii) the inter-individual variation would gradually decrease with time. Resource quality was positively related to consumption rates, although it did not correlate to nutrient concentration and toughness of the materials. Amphipod body mass condition changed with diet, animals feeding on oak and beech showing the lowest values. Death rate, growth rate, RNA:BM, and lipid mass condition did not change with food resources. Consumption, growth rate and mass body condition changed with time. Moreover, consumption, mass body condition and RNA:BM significantly interacted with incubation duration. Variability among individuals in consumption and growth rate decreased with time, as predicted. Our results pointed that special care should be taken when comparing microcosm experiments with different incubation duration.
Unusual Cutaneous reactions to Pemetrexed in a Patient with Metastatic non-small cell Lung Cancer

Pemetrexed, a drug used in lung cancer and pleural mesotheliomas is mainly associated with hematological toxicities. Cutaneous toxicities, although well known are rare. This is a case of a metastatic adenocarcinoma lung with recurrent and localised skin lesions following each cycle of pemetrexed, which is the first report of its kind.