Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spray and Focus: Efficient Mobility-Assisted Routing for Heterogeneous and Correlated Mobility

Intermittently connected mobile networks are wireless networks where most of the time there does not exist a complete path from the source to the destination. There are many real networks that follow this model, for example, wildlife tracking sensor networks, military networks, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), etc. To deal with such networks researchers have suggested to use controlled replication or "spraying " methods that can reduce the overhead of flooding-based schemes by distributing a small number of copies to only a few relays. These relays then "look" for the destination in parallel as they move into the network. Although such schemes can perform well in scenarios with high mobility (e.g. VANETs), they struggle in situations were mobility is slow and correlated in space and/or time. To route messages efficiently in such networks, we propose a scheme that also distributes a small number of copies to few relays. However, each relay can then forward its copy further using a single-copy utility-based scheme, instead of naively waiting to deliver it to the destination itself. This scheme exploits all the advantages of controlled replication, but is also able to identify appropriate forwarding opportunities that could deliver the message faster. Simulation results for traditional mobility models, as well as for a more realistic "community-based" model, indicate that our scheme can reduce the delay of existing spraying techniques up to 20 times in some scenarios
Differences in lymph drainage between swollen and non-swollen regions in arms with breast-cancer-related lymphoedema.

Recent research indicates that the pathophysiology of breast-cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL) is more complex than simple axillary lymphatic obstruction as a result of the cancer treatment. Uneven distribution of swelling (involvement of the mid-arm region is common, but the hand is often spared) is puzzling. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that local differences in lymphatic drainage contribute to the regionality of the oedema. Using lymphoscintigraphy, we measured the removal rate constant, k (representing local lymph flow per unit distribution volume, VD), for 99mTc-labelled human immunoglobulin G in the oedematous proximal forearm, and in the hand (finger web) in women in whom the hand was unaffected. Tracer was injected subcutaneously, and the depot plus the rest of the arm was monitored with a gamma-radiation camera for up to 6 h. VD was assessed from image width. Contralateral arms served as controls. k was 25% lower in oedematous forearm tissue than in the control arm (BCRL, -0.070+/-0.026% x min(-1); control, -0.093+/-0.028% x min(-1); mean+/-S.D. ; P=0.012) and VD was greater. In the non-oedematous hand of the BCRL arm, k was 18% higher than in the control hand (BCRL, -0.110+/-0.027% x min(-1); control, -0.095+/-0.028% x min(-1); P=0.057) and 59% higher than forearm k on the BCRL side (P=0.0014). VD did not differ between the hands. Images of the BCRL arm following hand injection showed diffuse activity in the superficial tissues, sometimes extending almost to the shoulder. A possible interpretation is that the hand is spared in some patients because local lymph flow is increased and diverted along collateral dermal routes. The results support the hypothesis that regional differences in surviving lymphatic function contribute to the distribution of swelling.
Multiple-instance learning with pairwise instance similarity

Abstract Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) has attracted much attention of the machine learning community in recent years and many real-world applications have been successfully formulated as MIL problems. Over the past few years, several Instance Selection-based MIL (ISMIL) algorithms have been presented by using the concept of the embedding space. Although they delivered very promising performance, they often require long computation times for instance selection, leading to a low efficiency of the whole learning process. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient ISMIL algorithm based on the similarity of pairwise instances within a bag. The basic idea is selecting from every training bag a pair of the most similar instances as instance prototypes and then mapping training bags into the embedding space that is constructed from all the instance prototypes. Thus, the MIL problem can be solved with the standard supervised learning techniques, such as support vector machines. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than its competitors and highly comparable with them in terms of classification accuracy. Moreover, the testing of noise sensitivity demonstrates that our MIL algorithm is very robust to labeling noise
A fast query by humming system based on notes

Query by humming (QBH), a content-based retrieval method, is an efficient way to search the song from a large database. The frame-based systems can achieve a good performance, but it is time-consuming. In this paper, we proposed an efficient note-based system, which is mainly comprised of noted-based linear scaling (NLS) and noted-based recursive align (NRA). The system after post-processing can achieve 96.1% in Top5 and 0.211s in time.
Phase-based note onset detection for music signals

Note onsets mark the beginning of attack transients, short areas of a note containing rapid changes of the signal spectral content. Detecting onsets is not trivial, especially when analysing complex mixtures. Applications for note onset detection systems include time stretching, audio coding and synthesis. An alternative to standard energy-based onset detection is proposed by using phase information. It is suggested that by observing the frame-by-frame distribution of differential angles, the precise moment when onsets occur can be detected with accuracy. Statistical measures are used to build the detection function. The system is tested and tuned on a database of complex recordings.
Model-Based Design of an Active Suspension for the Improvement of In-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicle

This paper presents an advanced vertical control system using active suspension to stabilize the vertical motion of an in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicle. The design of the control system and conceptualization were carried out by mathematical modeling with integration with the quarter car model. A novel active suspension is developed through the model-based design to control the vehicles to move smoothly and continuously. Even though experimental validation is an effective and more accurate method to evaluate the control system, it is important to reduce the dependency on physical testing. Thus, a reliable simulation framework would be beneficial in the vehicle development process. In this paper, the hydraulic system is designed and simulated by using the Simcenter Amesim. For the dynamic vibration absorber, we are seeking to design a skyhook control to control the damping force by an electric damper, whereas the spring stiffness can be switched by opening and closing the fluid passage to the gas chamber. In the spring stiffness control, the stiff suspension can reach a ratio of 1.3 compared to the soft suspension. The objective of this research work was realized with the proposed simulation framework to test the effectiveness of suspension control system to improve ride and handling in a four in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicle.
Mobility degradation due to interface traps in plasma oxynitride PMOS devices

Mobility degradation due to generation of interface traps (Deltamueff(NIT)) is a well-known phenomenon that has been theoretically interpreted by several mobility models. Based on these analysis, there is a general perception that Deltamueff(NIT) is relatively insignificant (compared to Deltamueff due to ionized impurity) and as such can be safely ignored for performance and reliability analysis. Here, we investigate the importance of considering Deltamueff(NIT) for reliability analysis by analyzing a wide variety of plasma oxynitride PMOS devices using both parametric and physical mobility models. We find that contrary to popular belief this correction is fundamentally important for robust and uncorrupted estimates of the key reliability parameters like threshold-voltage shift, lifetime projection, voltage acceleration factor, etc. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a generalized algorithm for estimating Deltamueff(NIT) for plasma oxynitride PMOS devices and systematically explore its implications for NBTI-specific reliability analysis.
The Interaction between AID and CIB1 Is Nonessential for Antibody Gene Diversification by Gene Conversion or Class Switch Recombination

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation, gene conversion and class switch recombination by deaminating variable and switch region DNA cytidines to uridines. AID is predominantly cytoplasmic and must enter the nuclear compartment to initiate these distinct antibody gene diversification reactions. Nuclear AID is relatively short-lived, as it is efficiently exported by a CRM1-dependent mechanism and it is susceptible to proteasome-dependent degradation. To help shed light on mechanisms of post-translational regulation, a yeast-based screen was performed to identify AID-interacting proteins. The calcium and integrin binding protein CIB1 was identified by sequencing and the interaction was confirmed by immunoprecipitation experiments. The AID/CIB1 resisted DNase and RNase treatment, and it is therefore unlikely to be mediated by nucleic acid. The requirement for CIB1 in AID-mediated antibody gene diversification reactions was assessed in CIB1-deficient DT40 cells and in knockout mice, but immunoglobulin gene conversion and class switch recombination appeared normal. The DT40 system was also used to show that CIB1 over-expression has no effect on gene conversion and that AID-EGFP subcellular localization is normal. These combined data demonstrate that CIB1 is not required for AID to mediate antibody gene diversification processes. It remains possible that CIB1 has an alternative, a redundant or a subtle non-limiting regulatory role in AID biology.
Techniques and Applications of Deformable Surfaces

This paper presents a technique for local surface extraction from scalar and vector fields using deformable surfaces. The goal of surface extraction is often to find features, or meaningful patterns in large datasets. To accomplish this, there is a wide spectrum of techniques. On one end of the spectrum, there are purely symbolic techniques, which may use abstract, iconic representations of features. On the other end of the spectrum, there are purely geometric techniques, such as iso-surfaces, which represent features in a naturalistic way, with a wealth of geometric details. Our technique lies in between, since it may represent as many geometric details as the user desires, or give a simplified representation with little computational effort. Using deformable surfaces consists of several steps. First, a region of interest is selected using selection criteria, and an initial surface is placed in the selected region. Then, the surface is gradually deformed by displacing its nodes according to local deformation criteria. Depending on the criteria specified, this deformation process can result in very different types of surfaces. The versatility of the technique is illustrated by two applications: extraction of recirculation zones and vortex tubes from flow fields.
A programmable continuous-time analog Fourier processor based on floating-gate devices

We present a programmable continuous-time floating-gate Fourier processor that decomposes the frequency bands using analog bandpass filters, multiplies each channel by a non-volatile weight, and then recombines the frequency channels. A DSP would take a similar approach of computing a FFT, multiplying the frequency components by a weight, then computing an inverse FFT. We decompose the frequency bands of an incoming signal using the transistor only circuit model of the Autozeroing Floating-Gate Amplifier (AFGA) or also termed C4 (Capacitivly Coupled Current Conveyer). Each band decomposition is then fed through a floating gate multiplier to perform the band weighting. Finally, the multiplier outputs are summed using KCL to give a band weighted output of the original signal. We examine many options to reduce 2nd order harmonic problems inherent in the single sided C4. We present a method for programming arrays of floating gate devices that are used in the weighting of the bands. All of these pieces fit together to form an elegant and systematic Fourier processor.
Facial Dynamics in Biometric Identification

This paper investigates the use of facial gestures for identity recognition. This is the first time that such a quantitative evaluation is conducted, comparing the analyses of 2D versus 3D dynamic data of verbal and nonverbal facial actions. Suitable data processing and feature extraction methods are examined, then a number of pattern matching techniques including the Fr´echet distance, Correlation Coefficients, Hidden-Markov Models, Dynamic TimeWarping and its derived forms are compared, in light of which an improved algorithm is proposed. Finally, a face recognition prototype using facial dynamics is built, achieving an Equal Error Rate EER=1.6%.
Hierarchical Photon Mapping

Photon mapping is an efficient method for producing high-quality, photorealistic images with full global illumination. In this paper we present a more accurate and efficient approach to final gathering using the photon map based upon hierarchical evaluation of the photons over each surface. We use the footprint of each gather ray to calculate the irradiance estimate area rather than deriving it from the local photon density. We then describe an efficient method for computing the irradiance from the photon map given an arbitrary estimate area. Finally, we demonstrate how the technique may be used to reduce variance and increase efficiency when sampling diffuse and glossy-specular BRDFs.
Don't Tell Me What Is, Tell Me What Ought To Be! Learning Effective Changes for Software Projects

The primary motivation of much of software analytics is decision making. How to make these decisions? Should one make decisions based on lessons that arise from within a particular project? Or should one generate these decisions from across multiple projects? This work is an attempt to answer these questions. Our work was motivated by a realization that much of the current generation software analytics tools focus primarily on prediction. Indeed prediction is a useful task, but it is usually followed by "planning" about what actions need to be taken. This research seeks to address the planning task by seeking methods that support actionable analytics that offer clear guidance on what to do. Specifically, we propose XTREE and BELLTREE algorithms for generating a set of actionable plans within and across projects. Each of these plans, if followed will improve the quality of the software project.
Processing highly porous calcium phosphate ceramics for use in bioreactor cores for culturing human liver cells in-vitro

Chronic liver disease is the 11th highest cause of death in the United States claiming over 30,000 lives in 2009. The current treatment for chronic liver failure is liver transplantation but the availability of tissue is far less than the number of patients in need. To develop human liver tissue in the lab a 3D culturing environment must be created to support the growth of a complex tissue. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been chosen as a scaffold material because of its biocompatibility in the body and the ability to create a bioresorbable scaffold. By using a ceramic material, it is possible to create a three dimensional, protective environment in which tissue can grow. Chronic liver disease is the 11th highest cause of death in the United States claiming over 30,000 lives in 2009. The current treatment for chronic liver failure is liver transplantation but the availability of tissue is far less than the number of patients in need. To develop human liver tissue in the lab a 3D culturing environment must be created to support the growth of a complex tissue. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been chosen as a scaffold material because of its biocompatibility in the body and the ability to create a bioresorbable scaffold. By using a ceramic material, it is possible to create a three dimensional, protective environment in which tissue can grow. The first part of this study is to examine the behavior of adult human liver cells grown on composites of HAp and different biocompatible hydrogels. Porous HAp has been created using an emulsion foaming technique and cells are injected into the structure after being suspended in a hydrogel and are kept in culture for up to 28 days. Functional assays, gene expression and fluorescent microscopy will be used to examine these cultures. The second part of this study will be to develop a processing technique to create a resorbable scaffold that incorporates a vascular system template. Previous experiments have shown the high temperature decomposition of HAp into resorbable calcium phosphates will be used to create a multiphase material. By controlling the amount of transformation product formed, it is proposed that the resorption of the scaffold can be tailored. To introduce a pore network to guide the growth of a vascular system, a positive-negative casting technique has also been developed. A positive polymer copy can be made of a natural vascular system and ceramic is foamed around the copy. During sintering, the polymer is pyrolyzed leaving a multiscale pore network in the ceramic. By combining these techniques, it is proposed that a calcium phosphate bioreactor core can be processed that is suitable for the culturing of human liver tissue.
What ’ s in a Beverage You Call a Chai ? : Quality Attributes and Hedonic Price Analysis of Tea *

India is one of the leading producers and exporters of tea. However, in the last two decades its share in the world exports has gone down considerably. On the other hand, although the domestic market is large, the per capita consumption in India is one of the lowest in the world. Therefore, Indian growers, processors, and traders could focus their attention to cultivate and expand the domestic market as a buffer against the vicissitudes of export performance. As a first step in their competitive strategy, Indian tea industry may want to understand the valuation consumers place on various quality attributes of tea. This can be done by applying hedonic price analysis to the data on prices and the quality attributes of tea. In this paper, we applied the hedonic price analysis to the data on 43 Indian tea brands. Based on Box-Cox transformation, exponential functional form was selected for the regression analysis, where price of tea brands was taken as the dependent variable and quality attributes of tea were considered as independent variables. Indian consumers seemed to attach importance to two quality attributes, aroma and colour. No significant value is attached to flavour and strength of tea. Premium is attached to the tea types CTC Leaf, Teabags, and CTC Fanning in that order over the type CTC Dust. Based on these results, stakeholders in the tea industry may want to enhance or reduce some of the quality attributes through selective plantation, processing and blending of teas. The newly blended teas may be marketed through aggressive generic promotions to increase overall consumption and/or through firm specific advertisements to improve market share.
On the coherent precoding performance for downlink CoMP-MIMO networks

In this paper, we consider an LTE downlink Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) network. We propose a new adaptive precoding method applied on the signals being transmitted by the set of active antennas. Based on Joint Processing (JP) technique and the precoding method, we define a joint cellular area of cooperation between different evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs) serving a given user equipment (UE). The set of active antennas is selected based on the channel information at the transmitters. Simulations are performed in terms of throughput and Bit Error Rate (BER) for the cell edge users. Results show that an optimized number of the active antennas exists. Moreover, results show that additional increase of this number has a limited throughput and BER improvement. The latter comes at the detriment of additional backhaul loading and reduced overall user capacity.
Successive Refinement of Empirical Models

An approach for automatic control using on-line learning is presented. The controller’s model for the system represents the effects of control actions in v,’u’ious (hyperspherical) regions of state space. The partition produced by these regions is initially coarse, limiting optimization of the corresponding control actions. Regions contract periodically to enable optimization to progress further. New regions and associated optimizing elements are generated to maintain coverage of state space, with characteristics drawn from neighboring regions. During on-line operation the resulting state space partition undergoes successive refinement, with "generalization" occurring over successively smaller areas. The system model effectively grows and becomes more accurate with time. An on-line learning controUer maintains a model of its environment (the action model), from which control actions are determined. The model is refined during nonsupervised operation to improve control with respect to an index of performance. A performance-adaptive controller [Saridis, 1979] learns by direct reduction of its uncertainties, rather than explicit identification of the environmental parameters. That is, the controller’s understanding of its environment is represented by its control decisions, and is constructed empirically. An example is the lookup-table controller [’Waltz and Fu, 1965]. The space of system states is partitioned, and each "control situation" (partition element) is ,associated with an independent adoptive element. Each element attempts to determine the control action appropriate within its region of state space: for example, using a probabifityreinforcement scheme. The system model is a table relating each region to the response which is most likely optimal. This paper extends the lookup-table approach by allowing regions to contract and to recursively spawn smaller regions. The resulting state space partition undergoes successive refinement during the on-line training period, and the size of the lookup-table increases accordingly. This approach is implemented in a procedural framework, where each region is associated with an independent adaptive element whose accuracy is limited by the current region size. Beginning with large regions encourages generalization and speeds initial learning. As the regions contract, the associated adaptive elements may obtain arbitrary accuracy. Learning is accelerated in those areas of state space which arise most frequently, and the range of generalization is successively reduced. Application to the optimal control of a simulated robotic manipulator is discussed.