Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Leader-member exchanges make workers happy and innovative: do efforts and rewards act as mediators?

Today innovation is considered to be essential for organizational development, and organizations depend increasingly on employees’ efforts to innovate. Drawing on the eudemonic theory of well-being based on the idea of optimal functioning, we look at whether rewards and efforts act as mediators between leader-member exchange (LMX) and two dependent variables: well-being at work and innovative work behaviors (IWB). We examine how LMX is linked to IWB and well-being at work, and we test the mediating effects of workload and rewards in these links. A sample of 179 French workers responded to an online questionnaire. The results indicated that LMX was significantly linked to IWB and psychological well-being at work. The study also found an indirect effect of work rewards between LMX and psychological well-being at work. This mediating role was not found in the relationship between LMX and IWB.
IMPACT OF DEFICIT FINANCING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

: This study examined the impact of deficit financing (DF) on Nigeria’s economic growth from 1984 to 2019. In order to capture the objectives of the study, secondary data were sourced and relevant methods of analysis were adopted which include unit root test and ARDL bound testing. The theoretical framework guiding the study anchors on Hirschman’s theory of unbalanced growth (HTUG). The ARDL estimated tests revealed that DF has positive impact on each of the directly productive sectors (DPS) in Nigeria. Given the empirical results on average, the study conclude that Nigeria needs to apply more disaggregated measures in management of deficit financing and recommend that Nigerian government should prioritize fixing the economy with respect to deficit financing, sector and economic growth by investing more on viable sectors that has ability to keep abreast of others.
RMHP_A_269573 1989..1998

1School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Shanghai Jiao Tong University-Yale University Joint Center for Health Policy, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
University of Birmingham Counter-Punishment, Communication and Cooperation among Partners

We study how communication affects cooperation in an experimental public goods environment with punishment and counter-punishment opportunities. Participants interacted over 30 rounds in ﬁxed groups with ﬁxed identiﬁers that allowed them to trace other group members’ behavior over time. The two dimensions of communication we study are asking for a speciﬁc contribution level and having to express oneself when choosing to counter-punish. We conduct four experimental treatments, all involving a contribution stage, a punishment stage, and a counter-punishment stage in each round. In the ﬁrst treatment communication is not possible at any of the stages. The second treatment allows participants to ask for a contribution level at the punishment stage and in the third treatment participants are required to send a message if they decide to counter-punish. The fourth combines the two communication channels of the second and third treatments. We ﬁnd that the three treatments involving communication at any of the two relevant stages lead to signiﬁcantly higher contributions than the baseline treatment. We ﬁnd no difference between the three treatments with communication. We also relate our results to previous results from treatments without counter-punishment opportunities and do not ﬁnd that the presence of counter-punishment leads to lower cooperation level. The overall pattern of results shows that given ﬁxed identiﬁers the key factor is the presence of communication. Whenever communication is possible contributions and earnings are higher than when it is not, regardless of counter-punishment opportunities.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Beyond Rhetorical Differences

Health is perhaps the most significant policy area to be devolved to decision-makers in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Consequently, there has been a great deal of interest in assessing the extent to which health policies (which already differed somewhat prior to devolution) have diverged since 1999. To date, analyses have tended to focus either on healthcare policies or on specific public health issues (e.g. health inequalities or tobacco control). The story that emerges from this body of work suggests healthcare policies have diverged significantly, whilst public health policies have remained remarkably similar. This paper is one of the first to consider healthcare and public health policy alongside each other. It reassesses and updates previous analyses, incorporating developments relating to the 2010 general election and the 2007 and 2011 devolved administration elections. Drawing on a variety of textual sources (policy documents, research evidence and corporate literature), our findings differ from existing analyses in suggesting that, despite some noticeable differences in policy rhetoric, approaches to both healthcare provision and tackling public health problems remain similar. Looking to the future, the paper concludes that the common economic challenges, combined with a tight fiscal policy (that remains excepted from devolution), means the similarities in healthcare provision across the UK are likely to remain more pronounced than the differences. However, current debate about the constitutional settlement, and in particular the prospect of greater fiscal freedoms for the devolved administrations, may provide opportunities for more meaningful divergence in health policy than has been possible hitherto. Abstract
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people with inflammatory joint disease: a cross sectional study

Objectives: To determine 1) whether patients with inflammatory joint disease (IJD) meet current guidelines on physical activity; 2) which factors influence physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour in patients with IJD. Method: Cross-sectional study of 137 patients with medical diagnosis of an IJD prior to commencing a NHS-run inflammatory Arthritis Exercise Programme. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour (SB) were measured objectively using a thigh worn physical activity monitor for seven consecutive days. Activity levels were subdivided into low physical activity (LPA) and moderate-vigorous activity (MVPA). Firstly, activity levels were analysed against current guidelines of 150minutes of MVPA a week. Secondly time spent in SB, LPA and MVPA were analysed against possible determinants. Results: 29% of patients with IJD met current physical activity guidelines. Patients on average spend 10 hours a day in SB. Poor physical fitness measured by 6-minute walk test was the only significant predictor (p=0.019) of high SB (R² = 4.7%). Attending an exercise facility in the community (p=0.034) and low role limitations due to physical health (p=0.008) predicted high LPA following a backward multiple regression (R² = 8.0%). Low role limitations due to emotional problems (p=0.031), higher physical fitness (p=0.002) and healthier exercise attitudes and beliefs (p=0.021) predicted meeting current physical activity guidelines following a backward conditional logistic regression explaining between 22.2% and 31.7% of variance. Conclusions: Patients with IJD are inactive and spent a lot of time in SB. Good general health predicts high activity levels. No disease-specific factors were found to determine SB, LPA or MVPA.
LEADERSHIP SKILLS IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT

: The requirements for the development of managers in the health care system are directly related to the ongoing reform in Bulgaria and the need to adopt new organizational values, requiring a new management style, skills and attitudes to work. Implementation of development programs of management competence in health care is something that the health reform cannot be implemented successfully without, no matter how good our doctors professionals are in their narrow specialties. Hence the problem - expertise in health management becomes a strategic task for managing resources, not just for their redistribution. The managers from middle and lower level need to prepare for their new roles of developing leaders and "agents of change” is becoming apparent. Leadership, according to the thesis of John Adair /which I maintain also/, is both a quality and the role that can be mastered. Critically important for the health manager is to combine guidance with leadership. Such skills are achieved primarily by education and learning through experience. The purpose of this study is to examine both the European practice in the implementation of competency-based approach for training managers and views of current health managers when building a competency profile of the effective manager and leader in healthcare. The study was carried out among 122 health managers from hospitals in Sofia. Following methods of research were used: critical analysis of scientific literature on the research problem; documentary method - national and European documents were examined, inquiry method - direct inquiry. Results: The most necessary areas for respondents developing relate to motivation skills, conflict resolution and team cohesion, communication skills, leadership skills. Based on the analysis the important leadership competencies in healthcare are identified, structured in six main groups. The set of competencies specified for a particular position and place in the organizational hierarchy, can be used as individual assessment / appraisal profile. Conclusion: Using the competency-based approach in training health care managers and in managing health is associated not only with the delivery of recommended competencies (respectively knowledge skills, expertise) that managers of all managerial and organizational level in the health system should possess, but also the need to introduce professional standards to assess these competencies. The establishment of effective system for managing health through competency-based approach implies: firstly, to define the necessary competencies for each level of organization and management, second, to derive guidelines for training in healthcare management through competency-based approach; third, to draw specific recommendations to stakeholders, in order to optimize their operations. Modeling the main aspects of the managerial competence in health management creates opportunities for systematic and focused design activities for the development of managers at different levels in the health system.
The Aquila Digital Community Pictorial Race Activiation In Priming Measures

This review explores characteristics of facial primes employed in priming studies of racial prejudice and stereotyping. It addresses the role of perceptual, cue-based processing of visual stimuli characteristics in altering racial typicality, and the effects of different moderators. The authors document the nature of variability in primes and moderators used in priming studies ( N = 96) up to 2009. Methodological and conceptual implications are discussed, along with gaps in the field. Better control over facial primes employed, more accuracy in reporting and open access to procedural information are suggested in an effort to improve the state of racial priming research.
On the Effort Required by Function Point Measurement Phases

— Function Point Analysis is widely used, especially to quantify the size of applications in the early stages of development, when effort estimates are needed. However, the measurement process is often too long or too expensive, or it requires more knowledge than available when development effort estimates are due. To overcome these problems, early size estimation methods have been proposed, to get approximate estimates of Function Point measures. In general, early estimation methods adopt measurement processes that are simplified with respect to the standard process, in that one or more phases are skipped. Early estimation methods are considered effective; however there is little evidence of the actual savings that they can guarantee. To this end, it is necessary to know the relative cost of each phase of the standard Function Point measurement process. This paper presents the results of two surveys concerning the relative amount of effort required by the phases of the standard Function Point measurement process. The analysis of the collected data can be used to assess the expected savings that early estimation methods make possible.
Antibacterial activity of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extracts against bacteria associated with wound infections from the clinical setting

Babayemi OO, Oke EA, Bayode MT. 2021. Antibacterial activity of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extracts against bacteria associated with wound infections from the clinical setting. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 239-246. The use of microbial agents to treat infectious wounds based on ethnobotanical knowledge is still minimal. Antibacterial activity of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf crude extracts and commercial antibiotics were evaluated against bacterial isolates associated with wound samples using agar well diffusion and disc diffusion techniques, respectively. Phytochemical analysis of the sections was carried out using standard methods. Saponin (58 mg/g) was the highest phytochemical in the methanol extract while flavonoid (0.1 mg/g) was the lowest percentage in the coldwater extract. Methanol extract had had the highest Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) of 33 mm against Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-positive, while the lowest ZOI (5 mm) against S. aureus coagulase-positive was obtained from cold water extract. Methanol extract resulted in the highest ZOI ranging from 16 mm to 17 mm against Escherichia coli while the lowest ZOI was obtained from coldwater extract (3-4 mm). The highest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of all extracts (100 mg/mL) was obtained against P. aeruginosa while the lowest MIC value was obtained against coagulase-positive S. aureus (12.5 mg/mL). All extracts contain Octadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, and phytol. The study's outcome revealed that methanol extract had the highest inhibitory activity against bacteria isolated from wound samples compared to other crude extracts and ciprofloxacin. Jatropha tanjorensis could be used as a potent herbal remedy to reduce the adverse effects of wound infection.
The Correlated Pseudo-Marginal Method

The pseudo-marginal algorithm is a Metropolis–Hastings-type scheme which samples asymptoti-cally from a target probability density when we are only able to estimate unbiasedly an unnormalised version of it. In a Bayesian context, it is a state-of-the-art posterior simulation technique when the likelihood function is intractable but can be estimated unbiasedly using Monte Carlo samples. However, for the performance of this scheme not to degrade as the number T of data points increases, it is typically necessary for the number N of Monte Carlo samples to be proportional to T to control the relative variance of the likelihood ratio estimator appearing in the acceptance probability of this algorithm. The correlated pseudo-marginal method is a modiﬁcation of the pseudo-marginal method using a likelihood ratio estimator computed using two correlated likelihood estimators. For random eﬀects models, we show under regularity conditions that the parameters of this scheme can be selected such that the relative variance of this likelihood ratio estimator is controlled when N increases sublinearly with T and we provide guidelines on how to optimise the algorithm based on a non-standard weak convergence analysis. The eﬃciency of computations for Bayesian inference relative to the pseudo-marginal method empirically increases with T and exceeds two orders of magnitude in some examples.
Influence of the Perceived Data Security, Operator Credibility and Provider Trust on Usage Frequency of Internet Services

—An increasing customer usage of Internet services with various devices demands a greater effort on data security, credibility and trust issues as due to extensive connections personal data are spread more widely. However, customers often prefer better services rather than higher data security. Here, the aim of this paper is to examine the positive influence of the perceived data security on the usage frequency of Internet services. The main target is to measure how the user (a) perceived data security, (b) perceived operator credibility and (c) perceived trust influence the usage frequency of Internet services. The named variables are analyzed with an adjusted conceptual model based on elements of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2. In general, a significant positive influence of a perceived data security on the usage frequency for specific services could be identified. Yet, the perceived trust in the service providers does not significantly relate to a stronger usage frequency of Internet services. Furthermore, for specific Internet services a positive relationship between the user perception about the operator credibility and the usage frequency of the Internet services could be proven. Consequently, customers have data security concerns and these might hinder them to use several Internet services.
PREVALENCE OF LOW BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND IT'S ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN AL-AHSSA

: Background: Osteoporosis is a global health problem that is increasing in significance with time. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone leading to increased risk of fractures. Low bone mass has been reported to range from 10-60 % in different studies. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of low bone mass in Saudi-Arabia and to characterize the associated risk factors in our population. Methods: We retrospectively studied with 114 Saudi patients aged between 29 to 56 years old who had BMD measured at the polyclinic center in King Faisal University. Our study collected patients in whom BMD whose determined by DEXA scan. Then we used mean, standard deviation, Chi-squared test, pearson correlation and step wise regression to analysis our result. Result: 114 patients was performing DEXA and 54 (47.4%) were normal, 48 (42.1%) were having osteopenia and 12 ( 10.5%) were suffer from osteoporosis. The result shows that the decreasing of BMD in patients of age between 20-60 but it occurs more in the age of 40-60. Also, from data we found that decreasing of BMD is more in females than males and it was highly correlated with menopause and smoking. Conclusion: BMD is decrease by many factors like menopause status. The prevalence of osteopenia in premenopausal females indicates the ultimate importance of early intervention to prevent development of osteoporosis in later life; so, routine measurement of BMD every 1 year for all pre-menopausal females for early detection and treatment of osteopenia seemed to be essential.
“My Own Vampire” : The Fate of Those Let Loose from the Grave

This essay discusses the fates of the literary doubles in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus treating doubling as a process and exploring its mechanisms. In doing so it discovers that doubling is an inherently destructive process that will result in the death of the original self of everyone who cannot exit it before it runs its course. In my paper, I want to explore the idea that the heroine in Angela Carter’s The Bloody Chamber is a “woman in process” (Kathleen E. B. Manley 1998, 71), focusing on three main aspects connected to this journey of self-discovery. One is the presence of the mother and the mother-daughter relationship. Another is sexuality and how the heroine’s attitude towards it changes over the course of the story. Finally, the third is the significance of gazing, proposing that by the end of the story, a female gaze emerges.
ENORMITY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG THE FOUR TRIBAL POPULATIONS OF CENTRAL INDIA AT 20 AUTOSOMAL DNA LOCI

The Indian sub-continent is one of the important constituent of South Asia with reservoir of enormous socio-cultural, racial and genetic diversities. Central India in particular has been a vibrant zone of the subcontinent, regularly receives a large number of invaders from every part of the country in the past. A series of invasions along with migrations can be seen in prehistoric and historic times that led to population admixture of various populations and strongly contributed to the present genetic variation in people of India. There is a long debate by the anthropologist over tribe-caste continuum, but many scientists have arrived at a common consensus that tribals are the original inhabitants of mainland of India. However, there is difference of opinion about their contributions to the non-tribal populations on the basis of their evolutionary history and biological characteristics. The present study investigates the genetic diversities and affinities in the four tribal populations namely; Bhaina, Dhur Gond, Kanwar and Kol of central India, which were not reported earlier. They belong to three different language families namely Austro-Asiatic (Kol), Dravidian (Dhur Gond) and Indo-European (Bhaina and Kanwar). The present research was carried out on 201 unrelated individuals up to three generations (50 samples of either sex from each population). Blood samples and socio-demographic data were collected with the individual informed written consent of the volunteer donors. Prior Ethical Clearance for conducting research was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee. All the screened 20 autosomal markers were found to be polymorphic in all the populations and indicate fundamental genetic consistency among the population groups.
What About Prospective Fist-Generation Students Before Their Transition to Higher Education? An Analysis on Students Their Demographic Characteristics, Educational Intentions, and Parental Expectations in Limburg

— A great body of research demonstrated that first-generation students (FGS) face significant barriers while transferring to higher education. Contrary, not much is known about this subject in The Netherlands. Using statistical analysis, the research will offer a primary examination how this group of students are doing during high school (prospective FGS) in track havo and vwo before their potential transition to higher education in the province of Limburg (The Netherlands). The analysis will provide a regional insight into the demographic characteristics, parental expectations, and educational intentions of this group of students compared to their peers. The results show that prospective FGS differ in the distribution of track, their educational intentions and the educational expectations their parents have. These results can inform future policy changes to accommodate educational equity among all student during different phases of their education in Limburg.