Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fresh Green Seed Yield and Seed Nutritional Traits of Vegetable Soybean Genotypes

Edamame (pronounced eh-dah-MAH-meh) are large-seeded soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr. ] harvested as green pods at the R6 stage when the seed are approximately 80% matured. The demand for edamame as fresh or frozen vegetable is increasing worldwide. Currently, lack of adapted edamame cultivars is one of the major factors limiting its commercial production in the southeastern USA. A need exists, therefore, to evaluate and identify Asian vegetable soybean genotypes for potential production andlor as a source of vegetable traits for breeding suitable cultivars. In a 4-yr study, six Japanese edamame cultivars, four large-seeded Japanese plant introductions, two Chinese vegetable soybean cultivars, and two adapted U.S. cultivars were evaluated for fresh green pod and seed yields and seed composition at the R6 stage. The genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block with four replications and were harvested at the R6 stage. The mean fresh pod and seed yields were 18.5 and 9.6 Mg ha -1 , respectively. The PI 181565, 'Tambagura', 'Shangrao Wan Qingsi', and PI 200506 with fresh pod and seed yields in excess of 20 and 10 Mg ha -1 , respectively, offer potential for commercial production in Georgia. The seed oil and protein contents ranged from 130.7 to 155.8 and 333.2 to 386.0 g kg -1 ,respectively. The mean glucose content was 67.1 g kg -1 , whereas the mean phytate content was 12.6 g kg -1 . Fresh pod weight was the major yield determinant (R 2 = 0.88). The Japanese edamame genotypes may be utilized as a source of vegetable soybean traits in breeding programs.
Amylose Content in Segregating Populations of Einkorn, Emmer, and Rye

Two F2 populations of Triticum monococcum (einkorn), ten of T turgidum (emmer), and 39 of Secale cereale (rye) were produced and the amylose content of the endosperm halves determined in up to 50 single seeds per population. The apparent amylose contents extended from 1.3 to 28.5 % in T. monococcum, 7.2 to 38.0 % in T. turgidum, and 0.0 to 52.3 % in S. cereale. Small F3 families were examined from two zero-amylose and one 33 %-amylose rye seeds; the low-amylose families showed amylose values from 14.9 to 28.7% but the high-amylose family had 21.0-37.8% amylose. Genetic gain was therefore easier to demonstrate for higher amylose than for lower amylose content. Part of this difference may have been attributable to the genetics of amylose content demonstrated in the various F2 families. In general, higher amylose was dominant to lower amylose content, with a 3:1 ratio being found in many families. In other families, the amylose content was more additive, with a 1:1:1:1 ratio being found in some and its modification to 1:1 in others. In one tetraploid family, high amylose was apparently recessive to low amylose content, with a 1:3 ratio. The breadth of variation in most families suggested that minor genes and modifiers determined amylose content. Significant genetic variation for amylose content was therefore demonstrated in three agriculturally and evolutionarily important species. Further progress towards enhanced amylose contents to suit particular end-uses should be possible in wheats and ryes.
Stable isotope analysis of carbon flow in a tundra river system

Stable isotope analysis was used to identify the major sources of carbon utilized by fish and aquatic invertebrates in the Koroc River, a tundra river system in northern Quebec. Juvenile arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), together with adults and juveniles of other species of fish in freshwater, obtained their carbon from either allochthonous or autochthonous sources within the river system, via the invertebrate fauna. However, adult anadromous char caught in the river clearly derived their biomass carbon from feeding at sea. Despite the limited development of riparian vegetation throughout much of the lower river catchment, terrestrial organic matter was the most likely source of energy fueling the animal communities of small tributary streams and rapids of the mainstem Koroc. In contrast, epilithic algae made a significant contribution to food chains within Alik Lake, a deep basin along the main river channel. Aquatic mosses appeared to be of, at most, tertiary importance as a source of energy to the ani.
Seasonal differences in mineral content, distribution and leakage of sweet pepper seeds

Summary Pepper seed quality is sensitive to variations in climatic conditions during seed development, which might be associated with accumulation, distribution and leakage of mineral elements from the seeds. This was examined in hybrid seeds of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. 'Hazera' 1195) in two experiments during two growing seasons. The mean daily temperature (day/night) and daily total radiation receipt during seed development were 27.9/23.2°C and 8.63 kW m -2 in the summer and 18.3/ 14.9°C and 3.18 kW m -2 in the winter, respectively. Seeds developed in the summer had lower percentage of seedling emergence and leaked a larger portion (45%) of their K content into the water medium than in winter-developed seeds. Summer seeds accumulated more K and Cl, but less P, Mg, Ca and the weight ratio of linoleic acid to oleic acid was lower than in the winter seeds. The season did not significantly affect N, S and total fatty acids. The most abundant element on the seed coat surface was K in the summer and Ca in the winter seeds. The cotyledon and endosperm of the summer seeds contained relatively higher ratios of K and Ca and lower ratios of P and Mg than the winter seeds. Transportation of mineral nutrients appeared to be involved in the effect of heat and moisture stresses on emergence quality of the pepper seeds.
Nuclear import of U snRNPs requires importin β

Macromolecules that are imported into the nucleus can be divided into classes according to their nuclear import signals. The best characterized class consists of proteins which carry a basic nuclear localization signal (NLS), whose transport requires the importin α/β heterodimer. U snRNP import depends on both the trimethylguanosine cap of the snRNA and a signal formed when the Sm core proteins bind the RNA. Here, factor requirements for U snRNP nuclear import are studied using an in vitro system. Depletion of importin α, the importin subunit that binds the NLS, is found to stimulate rather than inhibit U snRNP import. This stimulation is shown to be due to a common requirement for importin β in both U snRNP and NLS protein import. Saturation of importin β‐mediated transport with the importin β‐binding domain of importin α blocks U snRNP import both in vitro and in vivo. Immunodepletion of importin β inhibits both NLS‐mediated and U snRNP import. While the former requires re‐addition of both importin α and importin β, re‐addition of importin β alone to immunodepleted extracts was sufficient to restore efficient U snRNP import. Thus importin β is required for U snRNP import, and it functions in this process without the NLS‐specific importin α.
Estimates of bacterial production and mortality in the Ebro river (Spain)

In the terminal part of the Ebro river, bacterial production and mortality have been studied. Bacterial production was estimated by the thymidine incorporation method and from estimates of growth rate. Bacterial mortality and grazing were studied using differential filtration of a 3H‐labelled population. Production was estimated as about 0.15 times 109 bacteria/l/h and total mortality was about 0.016/h. Grazing accounted for about 56% of the total mortality processes.
Densidade de estocagem de matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) na recria em tanque-rede

The objective of this work was to determine the adequate stocking density to second growth phase of matrinxa (Brycon amazonicus) in cage. Fish has been stocked in 12 cages with 1 m3 each in four different densities 200, 300, 400 and 500 fish m-3. Fish were fed on commercial diets with 34% of crude protein during 60 days. Growth and productivity parameters were evaluated. There were no differences in weight and length. The production per area was significantly higher in the density of 500 fish m-3, considered then the most adequate to the second growth phase in cage.
Habitat influences on nest-site selection by the Painted Honeyeater (Grantiella picta): do food resources matter?

Abstract Understanding the habitat requirements of threatened species is crucial for their effective management. This paper examines the role of mistletoe food resources and vegetative habitat structure in shaping nest-site selection by the Painted Honeyeater. Painted Honeyeaters responded to the abundance of mistletoes and the proximity of mistletoe clumps near the nest tree as well as habitat structure when selecting nest-trees. Compared with randomly selected trees, nest-trees were on average less than half the distance to the nearest mistletoe-infected host and mistletoe abundance was 2.8 times greater in the surrounding habitat. Vegetation surrounding nest-trees was more open than that surrounding randomly selected trees, but the canopy was more closed within 25 m of nest-trees. Nest-site selection by Painted Honeyeaters was best explained by a combination of mistletoe abundance, proximity of mistletoe clumps to the nest-tree and structural qualities of the surrounding habitat. Hierarchical partitioning further supported the analysis and suggests that Painted Honeyeaters respond primarily to mistletoe abundance when selecting nest-sites. This study supports a link between mistletoe resources and habitat structure and Painted Honeyeater nest-site selection. Conservation management strategies for this declining honeyeater should include effective management promoting an abundance of mistletoe populations as well as a diverse woodland community structure.
Genetic differentiation of the temperate-subtropical stony coralLeptopsammia pruvotiin the Mediterranean Sea

Data on genetic structure of corals living in the Mediterranean Sea are very scarce. Leptopsammia pruvoti Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897, is a gonochoric and brooding solitary coral that colonizes shaded rocky habitats. It is very abundant under overhangs, in caverns, and in small crevices, with typical densities of thousands of polyps per square meter. In the present study, a hierarchical survey of spatial models of genetic structure and potential gene flow was conducted within and among seven shallow water Mediterranean populations, which ranged from 2 to 872 km apart. Within each population, polyps were randomly collected from three patches 5 m apart. Seven allozyme loci indicated a genetic structure characterized by (1) a marked departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with a considerable deficit of heterozygotes; (2) most genetic differentiation occurring between patches within populations (F ST = 0.118 to 0.206), rather than among distant populations (F ST = 0.052); and (3) no significant correlation betwe.
Polymorphism in the promoter region of the α2A adrenergic receptor gene and mood disorders

α2 ADRENERGIC receptors are thought to play a crucial role in the etiology or treatment of mood disorders. Polymorphism(s) in the promoter region of the α2 receptor may affect the gene expression and be associated with mood disorders. We studied the previously reported polymorphisms of the α2A receptor gene at position −1291 in 114 healthy controls and 103 mood disorder patients. There was statistically no difference between controls and patients in either the genotype or the allele frequency. There was statistically no difference between the genotype and the clinical characteristics. Our results suggest there is no association between this polymorphism in the promoter region of the α2A receptor gene and mood disorders.
Ecology and diversity of a lizard community in the semiarid region of Brazil

Composition, species diversity and resource usage in terms of space and time were evaluated for the lizard community of the Ecological Station of the Serido (ESEC Serido), Rio Grande do Norte. An observation area of 150 m × 150 m (2.25 ha) was delimited and surveyed monthly in alternate turns (morning, afternoon and night) for three consecutive days from April to October 2011, covering dry and rainy seasons. Fourteen species belonging to eight families were recorded, being Tropidurus semitaeniatus the most abundant. Seasonality influenced species richness and abundance. Regarding habitat usage, Lygodactylus klugei was the most generalist species, whilePhyllopezus periosus, P. pollicaris and T. semitaeniatus were specialists, showing affinity for rocky formations. About microhabitat usage, the most generalist species was T. hispidus and the most specialized wasL. klugei . Ten of the recorded species have diurnal habits and four are nocturnal. The space and time usage profiles of the dominant species corroborated data obtained in previous autoecological studies conducted in the same area and suggest a pattern of resource usage by these species in the ESEC Serido.
STUDIES ON PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

By means of fluorescein-labelled antibody, the primary atypical pneumonia virus was found to multiply exclusively in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells lining the bronchioles and air sacs of developing chick embryos. When 13-day old embryos were inoculated intra-amniotically and incubated at 35°C. for 5 days or longer, over 90 per cent of the inoculated embryos became infected. Between 1954 and 1956, seven strains of PAP virus were isolated from sputums or nasopharyngeal washings in patients during the acute stage of the PAP infection. One strain of virus was isolated from the frozen lung of a patient who died at Boston in 1943. All eight recently isolated strains and the Mac strain isolated by Eaton et al. in California in 1944 were antigenically closely related if not identical. PAP virus is not related antigenically to agents of psittacosis, Q fever, adenovirus (Types 1 to 6), influenza A or B, or PVM.
Tributyltin in U.S. Market-Bought Seafood and Assessment of Human Health Risks

This study assessed potential human health risks posed by tributyltin in seafood purchased from U.S. seafood markets. In 1989 and 1990, samples of fish, bivalve molluscs and crustacea were purchased at local markets along the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific coasts of the United States and along the Great Lakes (Lake Michigan). Samples were then analyzed for tributyltin, and the concentrations observed used to evaluate potential human health risks from consumption of market-bought seafood on the basis of available mammalian toxicology data. The assessment indicated health effects were unlikely from exposure to tributyltin in market-bought seafood during 1989 to 1990, shortly after peak tributyltin usage in antifoulant bottom paints on vessels in the United States.
Community structure of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in apple orchards under different pest management system programs in Hungary

We have examined the community structure indices (species richness, dominance, diversity and similarity) of the rove beetles (Staphylinidae) assemblages in three differently treated apple orchards in Hungary.During the survey, a total number of 728 specimens belonging to 73 species were collected with pitfall traps. The dominant species were Omalium caesum, Drusilla canaliculata, Dexiogyia corticina, Mocyta orbata and Styloxys insecatus . Out of the differently treated orchards, the staphylinid abundance was the higher in the abandoned than in the conventionally treated and in integrated pest management orchards.The diversity profile of the communities showed that there were no differences between the diversity of the conventionally treated and abandoned orchards, and both were significantly more diverse than the IPM orchard. The similarity indices indicated that the forming dominance of the species was also influenced by the treatment. The distribution of the dominant species in each pitfall trap used in .
Tolerance of Virginia-Type Peanut to Different Application Timings of 2,4-DB

Abstract Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of 2,4-DB application timings on yield and market quality of virginia-type peanut. Trials were conducted at three locations in Texas and one location in North Carolina in 1997, 1998, and 1999. 2,4-DB at 0.45 kg ae/ha was applied 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 d after planting (DAP). Additional timings included combinations of 30 DAP followed by (fb) 60, 90, or 120 DAP; 60 DAP fb 90 or 120 DAP; and 90 DAP fb 120 DAP. Peanut yield, market grade factors, and pod and seed weight were not influenced by various application timings of 2,4-DB.
Effect of birthweight and birth rank on the survival of single and twin lambs born to ewe lambs

Benefits of ewe lamb mating include improved lifetime production, increased rates of genetic gain and higher net profits. These benefits are only achieved if the ewe lamb successfully rears its offspring to weaning. A meta-analytic approach was used to assess the effects of birthweight and the interacting effect of birth rank on the survival to weaning of lambs born to ewe lambs. The data were from eight studies where birthweight and weight at weaning had been recorded for lambs born from ewe lambs. Data were for single- (n = 1392) or twin-born lambs (n = 456). The twin lambs were further classified as the ‘heavier’ or ‘lighter’ of the pair to give three birth rank categories. To compare the probability of dying before weaning between birth ranks, but with lambs compared at a similar birthweight, lambs were categorised by their birthweight as heavy (>3.8 kg) or light (<3.8 kg) and also categorised within their birth rank on their placement around the mean birthweight (birthweight deviation). A mid-range birthweight deviation fell between one standard deviation above or below the mean for each birth rank, whereas a low- and high-range birthweight fell below and above the mid-range, respectively. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of birth rank (single, heavier twin and lighter twin) and birthweight on lamb mortality up to weaning. To compare the probability of surviving up to weaning between the different birth ranks, relative risk ratios were calculated. Birth ranks were compared for lambs within the same birthweight group (heavy or light) and same birthweight deviation (low-, mid-, high-range). Decreasing birthweight increased mortality before weaning in twins and the change in mortality was greater for the lighter twin. Birthweight did not alter mortality before weaning in singles. Comparison of the birth ranks showed that there were differences (P < 0.05) in the probability of dying for lambs of different birth ranks but similar birthweight. The results suggest that management options for ewe lambs that increase the birthweight of the lighter twin could increase the weaning percentage.
Protein markers for Candida albicans EVs include claudin-like Sur7 family proteins

ABSTRACT Background: Fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in host-pathogen and pathogen-pathogen communication in some fungal diseases. In depth research into fungal EVs has been hindered by the lack of specific protein markers such as those found in mammalian EVs that have enabled sophisticated isolation and analysis techniques. Despite their role in fungal EV biogenesis, ESCRT proteins such as Vps23 (Tsg101) and Bro1 (ALIX) are not present as fungal EV cargo. Furthermore, tetraspanin homologs are yet to be identified in many fungi including the model yeast S. cerevisiae. Objective: We performed de novo identification of EV protein markers for the major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans with adherence to MISEV2018 guidelines. Materials and methods: EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation from DAY286, ATCC90028 and ATCC10231 yeast cells, as well as DAY286 biofilms. Whole cell lysates (WCL) were also obtained from the EV-releasing cells. Label-free quantitative proteomics was performed to determine the set of proteins consistently enriched in EVs compared to WCL. Results: 47 proteins were consistently enriched in C. albicans EVs. We refined these to 22 putative C. albicans EV protein markers including the claudin-like Sur7 family (Pfam: PF06687) proteins Sur7 and Evp1 (orf19.6741). A complementary set of 62 EV depleted proteins was selected as potential negative markers. Conclusions: The marker proteins for C. albicans EVs identified in this study will be useful tools for studies on EV biogenesis and cargo loading in C. albicans and potentially other fungal species and will also assist in elucidating the role of EVs in C. albicans pathogenesis. Many of the proteins identified as putative markers are fungal specific proteins indicating that the pathways of EV biogenesis and cargo loading may be specific to fungi, and that assumptions made based on studies in mammalian cells could be misleading. Abbreviations: A1 – ATCC10231; A9 – ATCC90028; DAY B – DAY286 biofilm; DAY Y – DAY286 yeast; EV – extracellular vesicle; Evp1 – extracellular vesicle protein 1 (orf19.6741); GO – gene ontology; Log2(FC) – log2(fold change); MCC – membrane compartment of Can1; MDS – multidimensional scaling; MISEV – minimal information for studies of EVs; sEVs – small EVs; SP – signal peptide; TEMs – tetraspanin enriched microdomains; TM – transmembrane; VDM – vesicle-depleted medium; WCL – whole cell lysate
Electroshocking Influences Chinook Salmon Egg Survival and Juvenile Physiology and Immunology

Abstract While electrofishing has become a common capture technique in fisheries research, the potential impact of this technique on the fish is not completely understood. Mature female chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and eggs at key developmental stages were electroshocked with 10-s pulsed DC from a standard backpack electroshocker in a controlled environment. Eggs from one-third of the shocked females showed extreme mortality (>93%), while the remaining shocked families shared egg mortality (12-20%) similar to the controls (9.9%). Eggs shocked at the early eyed stage showed significantly higher mortality (34.2%) than control (unshocked) eggs, while mortalities were low (≤2.1%) for shocked eggs and for controls at all other developmental stages. Upon examination of fish radiographs, we found that the electroshocked juvenile fish had significantly more spinal aberrations than the unshocked fish. Hematocrit, serum cortisol and glucose, serum lysozyme activity, and total leukocyte counts were monito.
DMD059121 1890..1905

Subcutaneous injection is an important route of administration for therapeutic proteins that provides several advantages over other modes of parenteral delivery. Despite extensive clinical use, the exact mechanism underlying subcutaneous absorption of proteins is not completely understood, and the accuracy of prediction of absorption of biotherapeutics in humans remains unsatisfactory. This review summarizes a variety of models that have been developed for describing the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic proteins administered by subcutaneous injection, including singleand dual-pathway absorption models. Modeling of the lymphatic uptake and redistribution, absorption of monoclonal antibodies and insulin, and population analysis of protein absorption are discussed. The review also addresses interspecies modeling and prediction of absorption in humans, highlights important factors affecting the absorption processes, and suggests approaches for future development of mechanism-based absorption models.