Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safeguarding culture: towards a new approach to preventing child maltreatment in sport

ABSTRACT There is now undeniable evidence of child maltreatment in sport. This has provoked the gradual proliferation of safeguarding research aimed at protecting children from harm in sport. Such research recognises the need for a comprehensive and holistic approach that addresses individual, interpersonal and systemic contributors to child maltreatment in sport. This study sought to provide such an approach by applying the well-researched concept of safety culture to safeguarding children in sport. The aim of this study was to conceptualise safety culture from a child safeguarding in sport perspective (i.e., safeguarding culture). To achieve this, 77 participants from five globally representative organisations took part in 45 Interviews and 7 focus groups. This produced 52 units of qualitative data which were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings suggested that safeguarding culture represents a holistic and integrated approach to prevent child maltreatment which comprises three first-order themes; safety management systems, committed leadership and stakeholder engagement. These themes have dynamic and reciprocal relationships, with their ideal formation and application dependent on internal and external contextual factors. Based on these findings, the Safeguarding Culture in Sport Model is presented before practical implications, limitations and directions for future research are offered. By presenting a new approach and model to safeguarding children in sport, this study represents an important advancement of knowledge around safeguarding children in sport. HIGHLIGHTS This study was the first to conceptualise safeguarding culture in sport. Safeguarding culture is an integrated approach to prevent child maltreatment. Its factors have dynamic and reciprocal relationships. Internal and contextual factors influence safeguarding culture. The Safeguarding Culture in Sport Model is presented.
The Effect of MS Media Strength and Cytokinin in the Induction of Shoots from Shoot Tip Explants of Australian Finger Lime (Citrus australasica cv. Tasty Green)

The Australian Finger Lime (Citrus australasica) is a type of citrus from the Rutaceae family, endemic to the east coast of Australia. The finger lime, loaded with numerous vitamins and renders a unique taste, has also been backed by science to contain essential amounts of antioxidants that are beneficial for cell protection, immune response, cancer prevention, ageing, arthritis and prevention of kidney stones. Current propagation attempts still rely on conventional methods that are less efficient and resulted in the slow establishment of farms for finger lime especially for commercialization purposes. This study focuses on the induction of shoots from shoot tip explants using 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin. Aseptic explants were inoculated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium of full-strength and half-strength followed by full-strength MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and Kinetin. Results obtained in this study showed no significant differences in terms of the number of axillary shoots produced between explants cultured in full and half-strength MS media. However, the highest number of shoots and increment in shoot length were obtained from MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP with the values 1.80 ± 0.27 and 2.56 ± 0.36 cm, respectively. In conclusion, MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP was found optimal in the induction of shoots and shoot elongation of C. australasica cv. Tasty Green.
Study of Blood Serum Biochemical Profile and Pathological Changes in Haemonchosis Experimentally Induced in Goats

Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) parasite causes various functional derangements in the host body. This experimental study was established to appraise the remedial effect of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit’s ethanolic extract (BAF-EE) on experimentally induced haemonchosis in goats. Blood serum biochemical parameters and pathological changes were perused. Twelve male goats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, G1 (infected-untreated), G2 (infected- BAF-EE treated), G3 (infected-albendazole treated) and G4 (uninfected-BAF-EE treated). Experimental infection was conducted with a single oral dose of 10x3 infective third larval stage (L3) of H. contortus at 0-time, whereas treatment with BAF-EE and albendazole was given at a single oral dose of 9g and 5mg/kg body wieght respectively in the 5th week post infection (PI). Blood samples were drawn on zero time, 3rd week PI and then biweekly till the 9th week for serum biochemical analyses. At the end of the experiment, all animals were slaughtered to estimate histopathological alterations in the abomasal and hepatic tissues. Serum biochemistry of infected animals showed significant depression of total serum protein (TP), albumin, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and calcium (Ca) levels compared to uninfected goats. Significant elevation was observed in values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), cholesterol, urea and creatinine of infected animals, while no significant differences were recorded in levels of inorganic phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). Histopathological studies conducted on abomasa of infected-untreated animals revealed inflammation, necrosis, petechial hemorrhages and intense cellular infiltration. Liver showed bile duct hyperplasia, degeneration of hepatocytes and cell infiltration. Histopathological alterations in tissues of infected – treated animals were lower in intensity than those of infected-untreated goats. Results of the present experiment demonstrated that BAF-EE has an anti-parasitic and hepatoprotective effects as well as it improves serum biochemical alterations and oxidative stress in goats infected with H. contortus parasite. The present findings nominate the use of this plant as a novel safe natural anthelmintic agent.
Are translation equivalents special? Evidence from simulations and empirical data from bilingual infants

The acquisition of translation equivalents is often considered a special component of bilingual children's vocabulary development, as bilinguals have to learn words that share the same meaning across their two languages. This study examined three contrasting accounts for bilingual children's acquisition of translation equivalents relative to singlets (i.e., words that are first labels for a referent): the Avoidance Account whereby translation equivalents are harder to learn, the Preference Account whereby translation equivalents are easier to learn, and the Neutral Account whereby translation equivalents and singlets are learned similarly. To adjudicate between these accounts, Study 1 explored patterns of translation equivalent learning under a novel computational model - the Bilingual Vocabulary Model - which quantifies translation equivalent knowledge as a function of the probability of learning words in each language, and includes a bias parameter that varies the difficulty of learning translation equivalents according to each account. Study 2 tested model-derived predictions against vocabulary data from 200 French-English bilingual children aged 18-33 months. Results showed a close match between the model predictions and bilingual children's patterns of translation equivalent learning. At smaller vocabulary sizes, data matched the Preference Account, while at larger vocabulary sizes they matched the Neutral Account. Our findings show that patterns of translation equivalent learning emerge predictably from the word learning process, and potentially reveal a qualitative shift in translation equivalent learning as bilingual children develop and learn more words.
Differential photoacoustic spectroscopic (DPAS)-based technique for PM optical absorption measurements in the presence of light absorbing gaseous species

ABSTRACT In this study, we developed an optical monitor to measure light absorption from particulate matter (PM) at 532 nm using a differential photoacoustic absorption spectroscopic (DPAS) technique. The dual-cell system is capable of measuring the photoacoustic signals due to light absorption of total PM and gaseous samples and that of gaseous samples, separately. The resulting differential photoacoustic signal can be used to determine the light absorption purely from the PM species. This measurement method eliminates the interferences from the light-absorbing gaseous species as well as the surrounding low-frequency background acoustic noises. Photoacoustic signals of the DPAS monitor were calibrated with the NO2 gas standards, varying from 100 to 250 parts per billion (ppb). Based on an Allan analysis, a detection sensitivity (2σ) of 0.68 Mm−1 can be achieved in 100 s data acquisition. Using the Jet Burner Test Stand (JBTS) facility at the United Technologies Research Center (UTRC), we measured light absorption by the soot emissions from a representative high-temperature and high-pressure test combustor for aircraft auxiliary power units (APU). The DPAS measurement results at 532 nm, under the high gaseous NO2 conditions, were then compared to the determination of soot mass concentrations from a commercial AVL Micro Soot Sensor (MSS). An excellent linear correlation between the measurements from two instruments was observed. The mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of the soot using the two data sets was 7.4 ± 1.3 m2g−1, in good agreement with the previously reported 8.1 ± 1.7 m2g−1 and the expected value of 7.6 ± 0.6 m2g−1. Copyright © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research
Shock response of condensed-phase RDX: molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with the MSST method

We have performed molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with the multiscale shock technique (MSST) to study the initial chemical processes of condensed-phase RDX under various shock velocities (8 km s−1, 10 km s−1 and 11 km s−1). A self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method was used. We find that the N–NO2 bond dissociation is the primary pathway for RDX with the NO2 groups facing (group 1) the shock, whereas the C–N bond scission is the dominant primary channel for RDX with the NO2 groups facing away from (group 2) the shock. In addition, our results present that the NO2 groups facing away from the shock are rather inert to shock loading. Moreover, the reaction pathways of a single RDX molecule under the 11 km s−1 shock velocity have been mapped out in detail, NO2, NO, N2O, CO and N2 were the main products.
Sustainable Governance on the Intention of Medical Tourism in Uzbekistan

Medical tourism is a growing niche market with huge potential as the 6th industry of medical services, including an unforgettable trip. Due to these advantages, Uzbekistan hopes to be a leader in central Asia concerning medical tourism. Contrary to this ambitious goal, Uzbekistan patients still prefer going abroad for medical services. Therefore, in order for Uzbekistan to be a hub for medical tourism, the sustainable governance factors of medical tourism need to be found for local patients going overseas. Under this research motivation, this study evaluates how the medical, tourism, and information sharing factors influence behavioral intention based on the structural equation model (SEM) with a random sample of 498 residents in Uzbekistan. Perceived value and behavioral intention are used as a mediating variable and a dependent variable, respectively. The main findings are summarized as follows. First, the medical factor and information sharing are very important factors for behavioral intention, with high coefficient values of 0.399 and 0.516, respectively, while the tourism factor is not influential on the behavioral intention statistically. This implies that Uzbekistani patients do not consider tourism factors as a core condition, instead focusing on the service quality of the medical operation and convenience for foreign patients. Second, in the indirect model, we found that perceived value takes a fully mediating role between medical factors and behavioral intention, while it takes a partially mediating role between information sharing and behavioral intention, implying that strong promotion policies are required for the advantages of tourism and enhanced access to information.
Glyoxal tropospheric column retrievals from TROPOMI, multi-satellite intercomparison and ground-based validation

Abstract. We present the first global glyoxal (CHOCHO) tropospheric column product derived from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board of the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. Atmospheric glyoxal results from the oxidation of other non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and from direct emissions caused by combustion processes. Therefore, this product is a useful indicator of VOC emissions. It is generated with an improved version of the BIRA-IASB scientific retrieval algorithm relying on the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) approach. Among the algorithmic updates, the DOAS fit now includes corrections to mitigate the impact of spectral misfits caused by scene brightness inhomogeneity and strong NO2 absorption. The product comes along with a full error characterization, which allows providing random and systematic error estimates for every observation. Systematic errors are typically in the range of 1–3 × 1014 molec/cm2 (~30–70 % in emission regimes). Random errors are larger (> 6 × 1014 molec/cm2) but can be reduced by averaging observations in space and/or time. Benefiting from a high signal-to-noise ratio and a large number of small-size observations, TROPOMI provides glyoxal tropospheric column fields with an unprecedented level of details. Using the same retrieval algorithmic baseline, glyoxal column data sets are also generated from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on Aura and from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) on board of Metop-A and Metop-B. Those four data sets are intercompared over large-scale regions worldwide and show a high level of consistency. The satellite glyoxal columns are also compared to glyoxal columns retrieved from ground-based Multi-Axis (MAX-) DOAS instruments at nine stations in Asia and Europe. In general, the satellite and MAX-DOAS instruments provide consistent glyoxal columns both in terms of absolute values and variability. Correlation coefficients between TROPOMI and MAX-DOAS glyoxal columns range between 0.61 and 0.87. The correlation is only poorer at one mid-latitude station, where satellite data appears low biased during wintertime. The mean absolute glyoxal columns from satellite and MAX-DOAS generally agree well for low/moderate columns with differences less than 1 × 1014 molec/cm2. A larger bias is identified at two sites where the MAX-DOAS columns are very large. Despite this systematic bias, the consistency of the satellite and MAX-DOAS glyoxal seasonal variability is excellent.
Screening of Antimicrobial Residue in Commercial Eggs in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State

The objectives of the study were to screen for antimicrobial residue in table eggs in Maiduguri metropolis. Multistage sampling technique was used based on the 4 major district of Maiduguri Metropolis Viz; Bolori, Gwange, Kyarimi park and Shehuri North. Four hundred commercial egg samples were collected for the study. One hundred and sixteen table eggs were sampled from 35 randomly selected poultry layer farms and 284 were obtained from 37 randomly selected egg commercial retail outlets. The antimicrobial screening of eggs was carried out using the disc diffusion method where Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 from spectra medics' laboratory in Ogun state was used as the test organism. One hundred and sixteen (116) table eggs collected from farms across the study district, 36 (31%) were each from Bolori and Gwange, 39 (33.6%) from Kyarimi Original Research Article Galadima et al.; ARRB, 25(1): 1-6, 2018; Article no.ARRB. 39469 2 Park and 5 (4.3%) from Shehuri North. A total of 49 positive samples were obtained which include 17 (47.2%), 21 (58.3%), 10 (25.6%) and 1 (20%) from Bolori, Gwange, Kyarimi Park and Shehuri North respectively (Fig. 2). There was no significant difference (P=0.095) among the clusters. Out of the 284 egg samples collected from the retail outlet, 201 (70.1%) samples were from Jos and 83 (29.2%) from Ibadan. A total of 100 (35.2%) samples were positives for antimicrobial screening which comprises of 71 (35.32%) and 29 (34.94%) from Jos and Ibadan respectively. With no significant difference between the two sources (P=0.902). From this study, it was concluded that: There is small flock size (backyard) farm in Maiduguri with 94.3% of the farmers holding equal or less than 500 birds in their farms. Antimicrobial residue detected in the study area is alarming.
Combined Application of Natural Sunlight and Hydrogen peroxide on the Removal of Harmful Cyanobacteria

This study provides an efficient and environmentally friendly advanced oxidation technique involving the combined application of natural sunlight and hydrogen peroxide for the removal of harmful cyanobacteria from lakes and reservoirs. In this paper, we collected water samples from Taihu Lake (Wuxi, China) in August 2016 when cyanobacterial blooms had occurred and then performed an outdoor experiment. Hydrogen peroxide at 0.6 mM had no obvious effect on the cyanobacterial inactivation in the dark, even stimulating cyanobacterial growth to some extent. Cyanobacteria were inactivated by higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (1.0 mM) in the dark, as well as 0.4 mM hydrogen peroxide under sunlight irradiation, indicating that natural sunlight significantly enhanced the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the removal of cyanobacteria. An experiment involving Pseudanabaena sp. (a harmful species) led to similar conclusions as the study using algae attained from Taihu Lake. This study provides a practical and effective method for controlling harmful cyanobacteria in natural water bodies.
Motivating Children to Become Green Kids: The Role of Victim Framing, Moral Emotions, and Responsibility on Children’s Pro-Environmental Behavioral Intent

ABSTRACT Today’s children comprise the generation that will need to deal with the severe consequences of climate change in the future. Hence, as stimulating children to grow up as environmentally conscious kids is crucial, this study examines how victim framing can affect children’s intentions to adopt pro-environmental behaviors. Specifically, it examines how a focus on negative consequences of climate change for animals versus landscapes stimulates children’s pro-environmental behavioral intent and whether attributed responsibility for climate change moderates these effects. A 2 (focus on loss of animals versus landscapes) x 2 (internal versus external attribution of responsibility) between-subjects factorial design was used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that a message focusing on the loss of animals (vs. landscapes) led to higher empathy, which resulted in stronger anticipatory guilt, which in turn stimulated pro-environmental behavioral intent. Further, the results show that a victim frame focusing on the loss of animals (vs. landscapes) led to higher levels of climate-message avoidance and lower behavioral intent when the responsibility for climate change was attributed to an external (vs. internal) cause. This study offers valuable insights into the underlying motivations of children to behave in an environmentally friendly way.
Selected Aspects of Camel Immune System and Immune Responses

The camel economy is of considerable importance for arid countries. In the last decade, studies about camel immune system and immune responses have recorded increasing interest. However, drawing a comprehensive picture of the camel immune system remains far from reached. A major part of this review is to cover the studies of the primary and secondary immune organs and the markers of the camel immune cells and certain lymphoid tissues. At the same time, immune responses to different diseases and the nature of effective immunity were included, with an emphasis on the most important zoonotic diseases in camels such as MERS CoV; brucellosis. New findings on the diversity mechanisms of camel immunoglobulin genes were addressed. However, detail of the mechanism of MHC-restricted cellular immunity and the mechanism of B lymphocyte activation in camels await further attention. Interestingly, the gross and the histological structure of the lymphoid tissues of the camel’s thymus, tonsils, and peyer’s patches have indicated significant differences from other animals in terms of structure and function. The most peculiar CD expression, such as LPAM-I, MAdCAM-1 and CX3CR1, in certain camel cells and tissues refers to possible extraordinary mechanisms of immune hemostasis in camel in comparison to other ruminants. The widely applied immunodiagnostic techniques to control camel diseases and to assist in improving the camel resistance were considered. Extensive studies of the camel immune system were greatly hampered by lack of specific reagents to camel markers and low funds in the field of camel immunology.
ON PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION: ARE THERE FINANCIAL GAINS OF USING ALTERNATIVE COVARIANCE METHODS?

Purpose: The study evaluates the performance of alternative variance-covariance estimators as a fundamental ingredient to portfolio optimization. Methodology: The study estimates eleven covariance matrices on the data of Pakistan stock exchange's non-financial sector firms covering the period from July 2006 to June 2020. The accuracy and efficiency of covariance estimators are assessed through two evaluation parameters: root mean square error and minimum variance portfolios (risk behavior). Main findings: Empirical findings based on evaluation parameters suggest that more complex covariance estimators in the equity market of Pakistan yield no additional financial gains than the equally weighted portfolio of estimators. Application of the study: As the estimation of the variance-covariance matrix is one of the essential elements of portfolio construction, this study guides investor(s) on selecting an appropriate covariance estimator among eleven estimators endorsed by literature. Novelty/ originality of the study: Based on detailed analysis, the study documents that investor(s) of the Pakistan stock exchange cannot gain any additional benefit from more complex and tricky methods of variance-covariance estimators compared to a portfolio of estimators for the non-financial sector. Investors are advised to consider the equally weighted portfolio of estimators when formulating their investment strategy.
ICT development and shadow economy: Empirical evidence from the EU transition economies

Abstract The substantial improvements in development information and communication technologies led many economic and non-economic implications for the countries and in turn motivated the researchers to question the various effects of ICT especially in the light of economic crime. This study explores the short and long run influence of information and communication technologies on the shadow economy in 11 post-transition EU members over 1996-2015 period through second generation panel cointegration and causality tests regarding the cross-sectional dependence. The economic analyses disclosed that ICT indicators and human development had significant effects on the size of shadow economy in both short and long run. It was found that growing ICTs lead to reduction on the size of the shadow economy; in addition, human capital improvement policies serve as an important factor when tackling the shadow economy.