Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auroral arc and oval electrodynamics in the Harang region

[1] Auroral arcs are typically described in terms of an upward field-aligned current (FAC) sheet above the arc, connected by ionospheric Pedersen current to a downward FAC sheet near the arc. On the basis of data measured by the FAST spacecraft, conjugate with ground optical observations, we present first a wide and stable winter evening arc, where this standard model does not apply. The arc is observed in the Harang region during the growth phase of a modest substorm, poleward of the convection reversal (CR) boundary. Although the magnetic field data suggest the typical configuration, the two FAC sheets appear to be decoupled near the satellite footprint: the upward FAC is fed by the westward electrojet (WEJ), while the downward FAC feeds the eastward electrojet (EEJ). The examination of the arc by the newly developed ALADYN technique confirms this peculiar current topology. For comparison, we apply ALADYN also to a second evening arc, located within the Harang region equatorward from the CR. The arc is confirmed to have the standard configuration, consistent with a former study, but substantial FAC-EJ coupling is inferred in the auroral oval both poleward and equatorward of the arc. A key element for the topology of the current closure is the westward component of the electric field, which influences the relative location of the CR with respect to the large-scale FAC reversal (FR) boundary. As proved by tests on synthetic data, a westward component of the electric field pushes the CR toward the FR, preventing thus the standard FAC closure, while the conductance and FAC pattern shape the CR profile. Since a westward electric field is often measured in the Harang region, the FAC-EJ coupling is expected to be an essential ingredient there. This has important implications for the current closure in the equatorial magnetosphere and for the auroral current circuit in the WEJ region, closely related to the substorm process.
Re‐dating the moraines at skálafellsjökull and heinabergsjökull using different lichenometric methods: implications for the timing of the icelandic little ice age maximum

Abstract Little Ice Age (LIA) moraines along the margins of Skálafellsjökull and Heinabergsjökull, two neighbouring outlet glaciers flowing from the Vatnajökull ice‐cap, have been re‐dated to test the reliability of different lichenometric approaches. During 2003, 12 000 lichens were measured on 40 moraine fragments at Skálafellsjökull and Heinabergsjökull to provide surface age proxies. The results are revealing. Depending on the chosen method of analysis, Skálafellsjökull either reached its LIA maximum in the early 19th century (population gradient) or the late 19th century (average of five largest lichens), whereas the LIA maximum of Heinabergsjökull occurred by the mid‐19th century (population gradient) or late‐19th century (average of 5 largest lichens). Discrepancies (c. 80 years for Skálafellsjökull and c. 40 years for Heinabergsjökull) suggest that the previously cited AD 1887 LIA maxima for both glaciers should be reassessed. Dates predicted by the lichen population gradient method appear to be the most appropriate, as mounting evidence from other geochronological reconstructions and sea‐ice records throughout Iceland tends to support an earlier LIA glacier maximum (late 18th to mid‐19th century) and probably reflects changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation. These revised chronologies shed further light on the precise timing of the Icelandic LIA glacier maximum, whilst improving our understanding of glacier‐climate interactions in the North Atlantic.
Complement in Human Brain Health: Potential of Dietary Food in Relation to Neurodegenerative Diseases

The complement pathway is a major component of the innate immune system, which is critical for recognizing and clearing pathogens that rapidly react to defend the body against external pathogens. Many components of this pathway are expressed throughout the brain and play a beneficial role in synaptic pruning in the developing central nervous system (CNS). However, excessive complement-mediated synaptic pruning in the aging or injured brain may play a contributing role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Complement Component 1q (C1q), an initiating recognition molecule of the classical complement pathway, can interact with a variety of ligands and perform a range of functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the CNS. This review considers the function and immunomodulatory mechanisms of C1q; the emerging role of C1q on synaptic pruning in developing, aging, or pathological CNS; the relevance of C1q; the complement pathway to neurodegenerative diseases; and, finally, it summarizes the foods with beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases via C1q and complement pathway and highlights the need for further research to clarify these roles. This paper aims to provide references for the subsequent study of food functions related to C1q, complement, neurodegenerative diseases, and human health.
A review of frequently used Kampo prescriptions. Part 3. Yokukansan

The source of yokukansan (YKS) is thought to be Baoying‐Jinjiang (Hoeikinkyōroku in Japanese) by Xue Ji. YKS was originally designed for children and indicated for spasms, clenching of teeth, digestive dysfunction due to mental instability, and insomnia.
Anisotropy of synthetic quartz electrical conductivity at high pressure and temperature

[1] AC measurements of the electrical conductivity of synthetic quartz along various orientations were made between 0.1 and 1 MHz, at ∼855∼1601 K and at 1.0 GPa. In addition, the electrical conductivity of quartz along the c axis has been studied at 1.0–3.0 GPa. The impedance arcs representing bulk conductivity occur in the frequency range of 103–106 Hz, and the electrical responses of the interface between the sample and the electrode occur in the 0.1∼103 Hz range. The pressure has a weak effect on the electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity experiences no abrupt change near the α − β phase transition point. The electrical conductivity of quartz is highly anisotropic; the electrical conductivity along the c axis is strongest and several orders of magnitude larger than in other directions. The activation enthalpies along various orientations are determined to be 0.6 and 1.2 eV orders of magnitude, respectively. The interpretation of the former is based on the contribution of alkali ions, while the latter effect is attributed to additional unassociated aluminum ions. Comparison of determined anisotropic conductivity of quartz determined with those from field geophysical models shows that the quartz may potentially provide explanations for the behavior of electrical conductivity of anisotropy in the crust that are inferred from the transverse magnetic mode.
2D Variably Saturated Flows: Physical Scaling and Bayesian Estimation

A novel dimensionless formulation for water flow in two-dimensional variably saturated media is presented. It shows that scaling physical systems requires conservation of the ratio between capillary forces and gravity forces. A direct result of this finding is that for two physical systems to be hydraulically similar, the soil in the smaller system has to be coarser than the soil in the larger system. The new formulation is implemented in a finite-element model that compared favorably with published numerical results with a minimal mass balance error. Bayesian estimation using prior physical information was used to fit the model to experimental data that simulated tidal action in a laboratory beach. Results show that the model is not sensitive to the residual soil moisture or the parameter n in the van Genuchten model, but is sensitive to variation in the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the parameter α in the van Genuchten model. Nomographs based on the dimensionless formulation were used to scale th.
A Design Methodology for Fault-Tolerant Neuromorphic Computing Using Bayesian Neural Network

Memristor crossbar arrays are a promising platform for neuromorphic computing. In practical scenarios, the synapse weights represented by the memristors for the underlying system are subject to process variations, in which the programmed weight when read out for inference is no longer deterministic but a stochastic distribution. It is therefore highly desired to learn the weight distribution accounting for process variations, to ensure the same inference performance in memristor crossbar arrays as the design value. In this paper, we introduce a design methodology for fault-tolerant neuromorphic computing using a Bayesian neural network, which combines the variational Bayesian inference technique with a fault-aware variational posterior distribution. The proposed framework based on Bayesian inference incorporates the impacts of memristor deviations into algorithmic training, where the weight distributions of neural networks are optimized to accommodate uncertainties and minimize inference degradation. The experimental results confirm the capability of the proposed methodology to tolerate both process variations and noise, while achieving more robust computing in memristor crossbar arrays.
Improvement and comparison of the rainfall–runoff methods in SWAT at the monsoonal watershed of Baocun, Eastern China

ABSTRACT A new physics-based rainfall–runoff method of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was developed, which integrates a water balance (WB) approach with the variable source area (WB-VSA). This approach was further compared with four methods—soil-water-dependent curve number (CN-Soil), evaporation-dependent curve number (CN-ET), Green and Ampt equation (G&A) and WB—in a monsoonal watershed, Eastern China. The regional sensitivity analysis shows that volumetric efficiency coefficient (VE) with river discharges is sensitive to the most parameters of all approaches. The results of model calibration against VE demonstrate that WB-VSA is the most accurate owing to its reflection of the spatial variation of runoff generation as affected by topography and soil properties. Other methods can also mimic baseflow well, but the G&A and CN-ET simulate floods much worse than the saturation excess runoff approaches (WB-VSA, WB and CN-Soil). Meanwhile, CN-Soil as an empirical method fails to simulate groundwater levels. By contrast, WB-VSA captures them best. Editor M.C. Acreman; Associate editor S. Kanae
Pengaruh Managerial Ownership, Company Growth, Investment Opportunity Set, dan Debt Covenant terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi

This study aims to determine the influence of managerial ownership, company growth, investment opportunity set, and debt covenant on accounting conservatism in manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. This research uses a quantitative approach. The sampling technique uses a non-probability sampling method for the type of sampling is purposive sampling. The population in this study includes thirtytwo manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The data analysis method used is panel data regression analysis. The results of this study show that simultaneously managerial ownership, company growth, investment opportunity set, and debt covenant have a significant effect on accounting conservatism. The results of the panel data regression test can partially be seen that company growth and investment opportunity set have proven to have a positive and significant effect on accounting conservatism. While managerial ownership and debt covenants have a negative and significant effect on accounting conservatism.
Seymouria sanjuanensis (Amphibia, Batrachosauria) from the Lower Permian Cutler Formation of north-central New Mexico and the occurrence of sexual dimorphism in that genus questioned

Six specimens of the amphibian Seymouria, preserved in a single block of matrix from the Lower Permian Cutler Formation of north-central New Mexico, are described and referred to Seymouria sanjuanensis Vaughn. They are the only Seymouria specimens known from New Mexico and provide a more extensive definition of the species. It is interpreted that the specimens from New Mexico were collected from an early to middle Wolfcampian horizon and therefore represent the earliest known members of the genus. Evidence is presented that challenges previous explanations for the variability of several features of the skull and axial skeleton in specimens of Seymouria baylorensis and S. sanjuanensis as an indication of sexual dimorphism. Differences in the number of maxillary teeth, depth of the maxilla, and development of the maxillary dentition, particularly in the "canine" region, are interpreted as closely related morphological trends in Seymouria. Although no satisfactory explanation is offered for differences in th.
How accurate can strong ground motion attenuation relations be

This article gives the results of a study using 1484 strong-motion records, which tried to find an upper limit on the accuracy that attenuation relations can achieve independently of the functional form adopted and the methods used for the construction of the equation. It is found that the current data do not allow a significant improvement in the uncertainty over what has been found for previous attenuation relations. Also, we find evidence for significant nonuniform scatter with respect to magnitude and that the scatter is not dependent on the amplitude of ground motion.
A machine learning-based score for precise echocardiographic assessment of cardiac remodelling in hypertensive young adults

Abstract Aims Accurate staging of hypertension-related cardiac changes, before the development of significant left ventricular hypertrophy, could help guide early prevention advice. We evaluated whether a novel semi-supervised machine learning approach could generate a clinically meaningful summary score of cardiac remodelling in hypertension. Methods and results A contrastive trajectories inference approach was applied to data collected from three UK studies of young adults. Low-dimensional variance was identified in 66 echocardiography variables from participants with hypertension (systolic ≥160 mmHg) relative to a normotensive group (systolic < 120 mmHg) using a contrasted principal component analysis. A minimum spanning tree was constructed to derive a normalized score for each individual reflecting extent of cardiac remodelling between zero (health) and one (disease). Model stability and clinical interpretability were evaluated as well as modifiability in response to a 16-week exercise intervention. A total of 411 young adults (29 ± 6 years) were included in the analysis, and, after contrastive dimensionality reduction, 21 variables characterized >80% of data variance. Repeated scores for an individual in cross-validation were stable (root mean squared deviation = 0.1 ± 0.002) with good differentiation of normotensive and hypertensive individuals (area under the receiver operating characteristics 0.98). The derived score followed expected hypertension-related patterns in individual cardiac parameters at baseline and reduced after exercise, proportional to intervention compliance (P = 0.04) and improvement in ventilatory threshold (P = 0.01). Conclusion A quantitative score that summarizes hypertension-related cardiac remodelling in young adults can be generated from a computational model. This score might allow more personalized early prevention advice, but further evaluation of clinical applicability is required.
The Flow Of Complex Mixtures In Pipes

Essential Oils’ Chemical Characterization and Probing nonlinear velocity profiles of shear-thinning DURAClone Panels, Flow Cytometry Beckman CoulterRecycled Tyre Rubber Modified Bitumens for road asphalt Thermatel® TA2 | Magnetrol8th European Congress of MathematicsMaking and Storing Quality Hay | MU ExtensionThe Flow Of Complex MixturesPart 14: Pediatric Advanced Life Support | CirculationViscosity models for mixtures WikipediaEcology WikipediaMultiphase flow WikipediaBing: The Flow Of Complex MixturesGas Flow | Gas Calibration | SystemsOverview of CFD Verification & Validation
A Privacy Enforcing Framework for Data Streams on the Edge

—Recent developments in machine learning (ML) allow for efficient data stream processing and also help in meeting various privacy requirements. Traditionally, predefined privacy policies are enforced in resource-rich and homogeneous environments such as in the cloud to protect sensitive information from being exposed. However, large amounts of data streams generated from heterogeneous IoT devices often result in high computational costs, cause network latency, and increase the chance of data interruption as data travels away from the source. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel privacy-enforcing framework for transforming data streams by executing various privacy policies close to the data source. To achieve our proposed framework, we enable domain experts to specify high-level privacy policies in a human-readable form. Then, the edge-based runtime system analyzes data streams (i.e., generated from nearby IoT devices), interprets privacy policies (i.e., deployed on edge devices), and transforms data streams if privacy violations occur. Our proposed runtime mechanism uses a Deep Neural Networks (DNN) technique to detect privacy violations within the streamed data. Furthermore, we discuss the framework, processes of the approach, and the experiments carried out on a real-world testbed to validate its feasibility and applicability.
Flow around a cylinder: Shallow-water modeling with diffusion-dispersion

The equations for two-dimensional (2D), horizontal flow are obtained by vertical depth-integration of the continuity and momentum equations. Diffusion-dispersion terms appear, containing turbulent and dispersion stresses. Turbulent stresses are expressed with the eddy-viscosity concept; dispersion stresses are evaluated using velocity distributions along and across the curved streamlines. The differential equations are solved using the MacCormack scheme. The numerical simulation was done for three runs; the expected alteration of the flow field around the cylinder is evident, notably the wake behind the cylinder. For comparison, two similar runs were performed in a laboratory channel. The velocity vectors upstream from the cylinder and along its sides are in reasonably good agreement. However, very close to the cylinder, the simulation sometimes underpredicts the velocities. Downstream from the cylinder, agreement is satisfactory both inside and outside the wake. The flow depths at the centerline both upstream and downstream from the cylinder are also in good agreement; however, along the cylinder circumference, the simulated flow depths are lower than the observed ones.
Revisiting pollen accumulation rates from Swedish lake sediments

Early hope that the estimation of pollen accumulation-rates (PAR) from lake sediments would permit the quantitative reconstruction of past vegetational composition abated when results from several experiments uncovered the problems of the method. A review of monitoring experiments, mainly conducted between 1960 and 1980, shows that basin size, transport of pollen with flowing water and sediment redeposition and focusing are the most important factors influencing pollen deposition in lakes. With careful site selection most of these factors can be rendered unimportant or constant. It is shown that PAR estimates from three small lakes in a rather homogeneous forest region are very similar for the last 9000 years. Results from monitoring of pollen deposition in pollen traps provides important information in the interpretation of PAR. Monitoring experiments were conducted to explore the deposition of pollen on and in small lakes. Pollen deposition in pollen traps floating on small lakes was not different from pollen deposition observed on land. PAR estimates from lake sediments were comparable with the results of pollen monitoring obtained with Tauber-type traps. A proportion of airborne pollen deposited on a lake surface is lost during the transport to the lake sediment. The amount of pollen that is lost differs between pollen types.
Coastal Flood Risk Assessment

In many parts of the world, design standards now require the assessment of risks. Measures of risk are often qualitative, with descriptors such as “high,”“low,”“intolerable,” or “negligible. ” The practitioner is thus left with the task of reconciling the qualitative assessment of risks with the quantitative demands of design. Probabilistic techniques are being used increasingly for the design and assessment of sea defenses. In this paper the use of probabilistic techniques in risk assessment for sea defenses is considered. The respective advantages and disadvantages of different techniques are discussed. Some new approximate methods are described and compared with existing approaches. Example calculations based on 21 years of synthesized wave and water level data are presented for the case of wave overtopping. The different methods are employed to calculate the probabilities of exceeding the overtopping threshold for two structures. The results are used to discuss what might be considered practical and re.
Timescale and morphology of Martian mantle overturn immediately following magma ocean solidification

Energy of accretion in terrestrial planets is expected to create liquid silicate magma oceans. Their solidification processes create silicate differentiation and set the initial mantle structure for the planet. Solidification may result in a compositionally unstable density profile, leading to cumulate Rayleigh‐Taylor overturn if a sluggish rather than stagnant lithosphere existed in the early stages of planetary history. The pattern and timescale of overturn, in which cold, dense surface material sinks to the core‐mantle boundary, have implications for core dynamo production, volatile escape, and fundamental differences between differently sized bodies. Our fully spherical mantle models reaffirm previous work suggesting that harmonic degree of overturn is dependent on viscosity contrast and layer thickness. We find that cumulate overturn would likely have occurred with short wavelengths. In an isoviscous model, thermal convection ensues rapidly after overturn; however, when viscosity is temperature dependent, compositional stability in the mantle suppresses the onset of whole‐mantle thermal convection. For a viscosity of 1018 Pa s, the mantle could fully overturn in as little as 3 Ma.
Two examples of the use of SAR interferometry on displacement fields of small spatial extent

Interferometric combination of pairs of SAR images acquired by the European ERS-1 satellite maps deformation fields associated with two phenomena, both of small spatial extension and located in SE France: the one is rapid terrain deformation caused by a landslide near the city of Saint Etienne de Tinee, and the other is slower subsidence caused by underground coal mining near Gardanne. Unlike interferometric measurement of wide-field deformation, atmospheric propagation heterogeneity is not an accuracy-limiting factor. Although the radar data confirm prior knowledge concerning the landslide, such an application of SAR interferometry appears difficult under normal conditions of observation using current spaceborne radar systems. The study of soil subsidence, however, can be generalized and improves prior knowledge of the displacement field, which has here been modeled assuming elastic deformation in a half-space from several sources. The two examples help to understand the limits of the interferometric technique.