Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tuberculous Granuloma: Emerging Insights From Proteomics and Metabolomics

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which claims hundreds of thousands of lives each year, is typically characterized by the formation of tuberculous granulomas — the histopathological hallmark of tuberculosis (TB). Our knowledge of granulomas, which comprise a biologically diverse body of pro- and anti-inflammatory cells from the host immune responses, is based mainly upon examination of lungs, in both human and animal studies, but little on their counterparts from other organs of the TB patient such as the brain. The biological heterogeneity of TB granulomas has led to their diverse, relatively uncoordinated, categorization, which is summarized here. However, there is a pressing need to elucidate more fully the phenotype of the granulomas from infected patients. Newly emerging studies at the protein (proteomics) and metabolite (metabolomics) levels have the potential to achieve this. In this review we summarize the diverse nature of TB granulomas based upon the literature, and amplify these accounts by reporting on the relatively few, emerging proteomics and metabolomics studies on TB granulomas. Metabolites (for example, trimethylamine-oxide) and proteins (such as the peptide PKAp) associated with TB granulomas, and knowledge of their localizations, help us to understand the resultant phenotype. Nevertheless, more multidisciplinary ‘omics studies, especially in human subjects, are required to contribute toward ushering in a new era of understanding of TB granulomas – both at the site of infection, and on a systemic level.
The Predictive Value Of Umbilical Cord Blood Total IgE Levels In Allergic Diseases

Allergic diseases in children have increased significantly. In recent years, it affects up to 35% of children. The current study aimed to investigate the value of the umbilical cord blood total IgE levels in the prediction of the development of allergic diseases during 8 years of follow-up. Methods — In cross-sectional study included 500 infants who were born in the obstetrics department at Tishreen and Al-Assad University Hospitals during the period 2007-2015. Questionnaires were administered after the birth included gender, gestational age, birth weight, mode and season of delivery, smoking during pregnancy, and family history of allergic diseases. Umbilical cord blood total IgE levels were measured. The infants were followed up for eight years for subsequent development of allergic disorders. Results — 214 (42.8%) of 500 newborns had high umbilical cord blood total IgE levels. We followed 143 of 214 newborns for 8 years; there was an allergic family history in 51.7% of newborns. During the following period, allergic diseases developed in 76.22% of the children with high umbilical cord blood total IgE levels. Allergic symptoms in children varied between nasal allergy (19.6%), skin allergy (eczema and urticarial) (25.2%), childhood asthma (31.5%). The rate of allergic symptoms development in the presence of two factors (family history and high umbilical cord blood total IgE) was 51.7%. Conclusion — We found a high prevalence of allergic diseases in children with high umbilical cord blood total IgE. The current study could be used as a preventative strategy to reduce the risk of allergic diseases by predictive of subsequent.
The Heterogeneity of Mathematical Learning Disabilities: Consequences for Research and Practice

This paper argues why children with Mathematical Learning Disabilities (MLD) do not form a unitary group. Instead, they should be regarded as individuals with unique profiles of strengths and weaknesses that explain their mathematical difficulties. To build this argument, we shortly recapitulate the research on MLD, which has mainly been focused on characterizing the group of children with MLD–as compared to control groups. However, these general characteristics are not applicable to all children with MLD. Furthermore, attempts to define separate, relevant subgroups merely failed. Based on some recent studies, we show how individual profiles of strengths and weaknesses might help in understanding the specific mathematical difficulties of a child. We propose a new multidimensional framework of MLD, in which both strengths and weaknesses are recognized. We argue that both research and practice are in need of further research that takes individual differences into account.
Prospective randomized comparison of effect on coronary endothelial and renal function between febuxostat and benzbromarone in hyperuricemic patients with coronary artery disease: EFEF study

There are two types of serum uric acid‐lowering agents, the xanthine oxidoreductase (XO) inhibitor and non‐XO inhibitor. We investigated whether febuxostat, XO inhibitor, could produce more favorable effects on coronary endothelial function (CEF) and renal function than benzbromarone, non‐XO inhibitor, in hyperuricemic coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.
The Effects of Different Tillage Techniques on the Production Costs in Fallow-Wheat Rotation System

Article Info Abstract: The adoption and applicability of the technologies developed in agriculture by farmers are very important for agronomic studies. There are a limited number of economic studies comparing different tillage methods with each other. This study was conducted in the land of Polatlı Agricultural Enterprise between 2011 and 2017 to determine the amounts of physical production inputs and unit production costs of three different tillage operations in the fallow-wheat rotation system. The data consist of the production inputs in the Conventional Tillage, Minimum Tillage, and Direct Seeding practices. For the economic analysis, Single Product Budget Analysis was used. All the farmers’ production costs in the fallow-wheat rotation system were considered in the analysis. Among the practices, Gross Production Value (GPV) was obtained the most from the (509.63$ ha-1) practice. This practice was followed by Direct Seeding (486.13$ ha-1) and Minimum Tillage (421.92$ ha-1) practices, respectively. The profit threshold was exceeded in all practices, and production activities’ variable and total costs were fulfilled. The highest relative profit rate was obtained in Direct Seeding (1.77) practice, and it was followed by Conventional Tillage (1.30) and Minimum Tillage (1.08) practices, respectively. In order to obtain an income of $1 in wheat production, the lowest production cost was obtained in the Direct Seeding practice. With the Direct Seeding application, it can be ensured that economic wheat production, preservation of soil structure, reduction of input costs, and less economic damage to the farmer in changing climate conditions can be achieved. Received: 29.06. 2021 Accepted: 07.03. 2022 Online published: 15.03. 2022 DOI: 10.29133/yyutbd.959650
Solvability of the Non-Linearly Viscous Polymer Solutions Motion Model

In this paper we consider the initial–boundary value problem describing the motion of weakly concentrated aqueous polymer solutions. The model involves the regularized Jaumann’s derivative in the rheological relation. Also this model is considered with non-linear viscosity. On the basis of the topological approximation approach to the study of hydrodynamics problems the existence of weak solutions is proved. Also we consider an optimal feedback control problem for this initial–boundary value problem. The existence of an optimal solution minimizing a given performance functional is proved.
Internet Addiction and Its Associated Factors Among African High School and University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction Internet addiction is characterized by excessive and uncontrolled use of the internet affecting everyday life. Adolescents are the primary risk group for internet addiction. Data on internet addiction is lacking in Africa. Thus, this review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of internet addiction and its associated factors among high school and university students in Africa. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of science, Hinari, and Google scholar) to locate potential studies. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test statistics and small-study effects were checked using Egger's statistical test at a 5% significance level. A sensitivity analysis was performed. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of internet addiction among students. The primary outcome of measure of this review was the prevalence of internet addiction and the secondary outcome of measures are the factors associated with internet addiction. Results A total of 5,562 studies were identified among the five databases. Of these, 28 studies from 10 countries with 14,946 high school and university students were included in this review. The overall pooled prevalence of internet addiction among the students was 34.53% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 26.83, 42.23, I2 = 99.20%]. Male sex [Pooled Odds Ratio (POR) = 1.92, 95% CI:1.43, 2.57 I2 = 0.00], urban residence (POR = 2.32, 95% CI:1.19, 4.53, I2 = 59.39%), and duration of daily internet use for more than 4 h (POR = 2.25, 95% CI:1.20, 4.21, I2 = 0.00%, were significantly associated with internet addiction among adolescents. Conclusion Almost one-third of university and high school students in Africa are addicted to the internet. Male students, those from urban areas, and those who use the internet for more than 4 h per day have higher odds of internet addiction. Thus, we recommend that health planners and policymakers pay attention to the use of the internet and internet addiction in Africa.
Predictors of No-Show in Neurology Clinics

In this study, we aim to identify predictors of a no-show in neurology clinics at our institution. We conducted a retrospective review of neurology clinics from July 2013 through September 2018. We compared odds ratio of patients who missed appointments (no-show) to those who were present at appointments (show) in terms of age, lead-time, subspecialty, race, gender, quarter of the year, insurance type, and distance from hospital. There were 60,012 (84%) show and 11,166 (16%) no-show patients. With each day increase in lead time, odds of no-show increased by a factor of 1.0019 (p < 0.0001). Odds of no-show were higher in younger (p ≤ 0.0001, OR = 0.49) compared to older (age ≥ 60) patients and in women (p < 0.001, OR = 1.1352) compared to men. They were higher in Black/African American (p < 0.0001, OR = 1.4712) and lower in Asian (p = 0.03, OR = 0.6871) and American Indian/Alaskan Native (p = 0.055, OR = 0.6318) as compared to White/Caucasian. Patients with Medicare (p < 0.0001, OR = 1.5127) and Medicaid (p < 0.0001, OR = 1.3354) had higher odds of no-show compared to other insurance. Young age, female, Black/African American, long lead time to clinic appointments, Medicaid/Medicare insurance, and certain subspecialties (resident and stroke clinics) are associated with high odds of no show. Possible suggested interventions include better communication and flexible appointments for the high-risk groups as well as utilizing telemedicine.
A Systematic Analysis of Content Structural Efficiency for Estimating Higher Educational Institution Engagement Over Facebook

The purpose of this research article is to examine the Facebook content themes and structural efficiency of higher education institutions in order to understand how these factors influence engagement. The sample consisted of 4703 Facebook posts from the top ten most popular Indian and global higher education institution pages. The platform engagement options were used to categorize audience reactions, while structural attributes were examined in accordance with applicable theory using a negative binomial regression model. Factor analysis and descriptive metrics were used to evaluate theme efficacy. The findings highlight the significance of developing a comprehensive assessment of content structural efficiency. The paper presents a number of evidence-based recommendations for projecting and estimating content performance. This study adds to the body of knowledge by first merging the content subject with its structural parts. Previously, the content theme was thought to be a qualitative unit.
Perceived Organizational Support and Performance: The Mediating Effect of Affective Values

Research aims: The purpose of this study is to analyze several antecedent variables that affect lecturer performance, namely perceived organizational support, affective values, and academic culture.Design/Methodology/Approach: The population of this research was the lecturers of the Politeknik Negeri Semarang. The sampling method used purposive sampling. Data collection methods were by distributing questionnaires, interviews, observation, and literature study. The data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling technique. Research findings: Based on statistical results, four hypotheses proposed showed a significant positive effect on all relationships between variables. The indirect effect of the independent variable on the lecturer's performance produces a strategy, improving the lecturer's performance through affective values. In addition, the dominant influence between variables is shown by the relationship between affective values on the lecturer's performance.Theoretical Contribution/Originality: In accordance with social exchange theory and organizational support theory, there was a mutually beneficial reciprocal relationship between the organization and employees. Socio-emotional needs of lecturers were met when they received good treatment from their leaders, which had implications for the value of employee commitment to organizational progress.Practitioners/Policy Implications: The organization's management team must always support the improvement of the competence and welfare needs of employees. The give-and-take relationship between the organization and employees fosters morale to achieve a common goal. In addition, affective value as a consequent variable of perceived organizational support and academic culture increases the active participation of organizational members to always be proud to be part of the organization and adapt to challenging tasks as self-actualization.Research Limitations/Implications: However, this study only used one research object. Thus, future research needs to consider the research object in all state polytechnics in Indonesia. Such studies are necessary for cross-validating research findings.
Evacuation experiments in a smoke filled tunnel

Evacuation experiments were performed to investigate the walking speed and the behaviour in smoke filled road tunnels. Three types of wayguidance systems, namely flashing lights, rows of flashing lights and floor markings, were tested in the experiments. A thermal imaging infrared camera was used to observe human behaviour during evacuation. The results show a relationship between the walking speed and the extinction coefficient. The study also reveals that persons who follow a wall without emergency exits in a smoke filled tunnel may not notice exits at the opposite side, which may be devastating during a real tunnel fire. Based on the experiments recommendations are given on how tunnels can be designed to improve the fire safety and make evacuation through smoke easier. (Less)
Physical Modeling for Large-Scale Landslide with Chair-Shaped Bedrock Surfaces under Precipitation and Reservoir Water Fluctuation Conditions

The deformation and failure mechanisms of historical landslides, characterized with different types of bedrock surface shapes which are known to have been induced by rainfall and reservoir water fluctuations, is an important issue currently being addressed by many researchers. The Zhaoshuling Landslide of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, which was characterized with a chair-shaped bedrock surface under rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation conditions, was selected as an example in this study’s physical modeling process. The results of different parameters, including the displacements, pore water pressure, and total soil pressure during the landslide event, revealed that the Zhaoshuling Landslide with a chair-shaped bedrock surface had been extremely sensitive to heavy rainfall coupled with the rapid lowering of the water levels. Then, based on the data analysis results of the monitoring of the rainfall and groundwater levels, as well as the reservoir water levels, a conceptual model was put forward to explain the failure mechanisms. It was believed that the chair-shaped bedrock at the toe of the slope had been subjected to a localized zone of high transient pore water pressure, which had significantly adverse effects on the mechanisms of the slope stability.
Targeted Accumulation of Macrophages Induced by Microbeam Irradiation in a Tissue-Dependent Manner

Radiation therapy (RT) is a vital component of multimodal cancer treatment, and its immunomodulatory effects are a major focus of current therapeutic strategies. Macrophages are some of the first cells recruited to sites of radiation-induced injury where they can aid in tissue repair, propagate radiation-induced fibrogenesis and influence tumour dynamics. Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a unique, spatially fractionated radiation modality that has demonstrated exceptional tumour control and reduction in normal tissue toxicity, including fibrosis. We conducted a morphological analysis of MRT-irradiated normal liver, lung and skin tissues as well as lung and melanoma tumours. MRT induced distinct patterns of DNA damage, reflecting the geometry of the microbeam array. Macrophages infiltrated these regions of peak dose deposition at variable timepoints post-irradiation depending on the tissue type. In normal liver and lung tissue, macrophages clearly demarcated the beam path by 48 h and 7 days post-irradiation, respectively. This was not reflected, however, in normal skin tissue, despite clear DNA damage marking the beam path. Persistent DNA damage was observed in MRT-irradiated lung carcinoma, with an accompanying geometry-specific influx of mixed M1/M2-like macrophage populations. These data indicate the unique potential of MRT as a tool to induce a remarkable accumulation of macrophages in an organ/tissue-specific manner. Further characterization of these macrophage populations is warranted to identify their organ-specific roles in normal tissue sparing and anti-tumour responses.
Systematic Analysis and Expression Profiles of the 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase (4CL) Gene Family in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL, EC6.2.1.12), located at the end of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, regulates the metabolic direction of phenylpropanoid derivatives and plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, lignin, and other secondary metabolites. In order to understand the molecular characteristics and potential biological functions of the 4CL gene family in the pomegranate, a bioinformatics analysis was carried out on the identified 4CLs. In this study, 12 Pg4CLs were identified in the pomegranate genome, which contained two conserved amino acid domains: AMP-binding domain Box I (SSGTTGLPKGV) and Box II (GEICIRG). During the identification, it was found that Pg4CL2 was missing Box II. The gene cloning and sequencing verified that this partial amino acid deletion was caused by genome sequencing and splicing errors, and the gene cloning results corrected the Pg4CL2 sequence information in the ‘Taishanhong’ genome. According to the phylogenetic tree, Pg4CLs were divided into three subfamilies, and each subfamily had 1, 1, and 10 members, respectively. Analysis of cis-acting elements found that all the upstream sequences of Pg4CLs contained at least one phytohormone response element. An RNA-seq and protein interaction network analysis suggested that Pg4CL5 was highly expressed in different tissues and may participate in lignin synthesis of pomegranate. The expression of Pg4CL in developing pomegranate fruits was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the expression level of Pg4CL2 demonstrated a decreasing trend, similar to the trend of flavonoid content, indicating Pg4CL2 may involve in flavonoid synthesis and pigment accumulation. Pg4CL3, Pg4CL7, Pg4CL8, and Pg4CL10 were almost not expressed or lowly expressed, the expression level of Pg4CL4 was higher in the later stage of fruit development, suggesting that Pg4CL4 played a crucial role in fruit ripening. The expression levels of 4CL genes were significantly different in various fruit development stages. The results laid the foundation for an in-depth analysis of pomegranate 4CL gene functions.
Predictors and potentiators of psychedelic-occasioned mystical experiences

Mystical experiences are often described as being among the most profound and meaningful events of a person’s life. Their occurrence, while a normal but uncommon phenomenon, is reliably occasioned by psychedelic substances under the appropriate conditions, although care is needed around the context of usage to help ensure safe and beneficial experiences. The occurrence of mystical experiences in psychedelic sessions is a key mediator of the sustained psychological benefits reported in both healthy and clinical populations. Certain factors including set and setting, drug dosage, trait absorption, drug type, intention and states of surrender and acceptance all predict or influence the occurrence of mystical experiences. Various additional factors may further contribute to the occurrence and intensity of mystical experiences and enhance their long-term benefits, including music, meditation and spiritual practices and nature-based settings. This review examines these factors and considers how they might be optimised to increase the chances of a mystical experience occurring, while also considering factors that are negatively associated with mystical experiences with suggestions on how these might be mitigated where applicable. Finally, potential future research avenues for furthering our knowledge of psychedelic mystical experiences and how their benefits might be enhanced is suggested. Maximising the potential for the occurrence of mystical experiences is an important aspect of the beneficial application of psychedelics.
Brief Descriptions of Process Styles: How Twelve Children Went About Composing

This paper is a discussion of different compositional process styles observed in twelve children. The children each composed six recorder pieces as part of a larger study (Smith, 2004). Based on coding and analysis of process data recorded on videotape as the children worked, three process styles of composing are proposed. The auditory process style distinguishes itself by the absence of writing and reliance on the ear and the instrument to create the piece. The visual process style consists of great amounts of writing and very little experimenting or developing. In the kinesthetic process style of composing, the students composed on their recorders first, but then wrote things down to remind themselves of what to play. The results of this study suggest that the kinesthetic compositional process style led to pieces of higher musicality.