Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shared universality of charged black holes and the complex large-
q
 Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model

We investigate the charged $q/2$-body interacting Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model in the grand-canonical ensemble. By treating $q$ as a large parameter, we are able to analytically study its phase diagram. By varying the chemical potential or temperature, we find that the system undergoes a phase transition between low and high entropies, in the maximally chaotic regime. A similar transition in entropy is seen in charged AdS black holes transitioning between a large and small event horizon. Approaching zero temperature, we find a first-order chaotic-to-non-chaotic quantum phase transition, where the finite extensive entropy drops to zero. This again has a gravitational analogue -- the Hawking-Page (HP) transition between a large black hole and thermal radiation. An analytical study of the critical phenomena associated with the continuous phase transition provides us with mean field van der Waals critical and effective exponents. We find that all analogous power laws are shared with several charged AdS black hole phase transitions. Together, these findings indicate a connection between the charged $q\to\infty$ SYK model and black holes.
Adjusting College Grade-Point Average for Variations in Grading Standards.

This study compared the effectiveness of several existing and proposed methods for statistically adjusting college GPAs for course and departmental differences in grading standards, using first-semester grades from an entire entering class at a large state university. Most of the adjusted GPAs produced by these methods functioned similarly and, despite high correlations with actual GPA, had greater internal-consistency reliability than actual GPA and were more predictable from SAT scores and high school rank (HSR). Most of the adjusted GPAs also functioned similarly with regard to sex differences in over-underprediction. The adjusted GPAs and actual GPA exhibited the same small but significant sex differences in over-underprediction by SAT scores, but the adjusted GPAs displayed smaller differences than actual GPA in over-underprediction by SAT scores and HSR.
Towards the design of an optimal mixer

We define as an optimal mixer a mixing device able to deliver a uniformly optimal mixing performance over a wide range of operating and initial conditions. We consider the conceptual problem of designing an optimal mixer starting from a well-known reference mixer, the sine flow. We characterize the mixing performance of the reference mixer, and show that it performs poorly and erratically over a wide range of operating conditions and is quite sensitive to the geometry of the initial concentration field. We define as a target performance the best mixing performance the reference mixer is able to achieve. In steps we modify the design of the reference mixer. First, we optimize the time sequence of the switching protocols and show that the mixing performance of the time-optimized mixer, although substantially improved with respect to the reference mixer, is still far from achieving the target performance and being insensitive to the geometry of the initial concentration field. The analysis of the performance of the time-optimized mixer brings to light the deficiency of the actuating system used, which delivers always the same amount of shear at the same locations. We modify the actuating system by allowing the stirring velocity fields to shift along their coordinate axes. A new mixer, the space-optimized mixer, is created by equipping the reference mixer with the new actuating system and optimizing the shift of the stirring velocity field at each iteration. The space-optimized mixer is able to deliver the target performance over the upper two-thirds of the operating range. In the lower one-third, the performance of the space-optimized mixer deteriorates because of the use of a periodic protocol. A optimal mixer is finally obtained using the actuating system of the space-optimized mixer and coupling the time and shift optimizations. The resulting optimal mixer is able to deliver a uniform target performance, insensitive to the geometry of the initial conditions, over the entire operating range.
An Opinion Spreading Model in Signed Networks

The opinion spreading process can be modeled as the spread of an epidemic through a network, which assumes homogeneous relationships between individuals. However, positive and negative relationships in signed networks play different roles in the opinion spreading process, following the general rule that the same opinion will diffuse through friends, while the opposite opinion will likely emerge out of interactions between enemies. In order to explore opinion spreading behavior in signed networks, we proposed a simple opinion spreading model based on the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic model. Under the assumption of homogeneous mixing, we also analyzed the phase transition of opinion spreading in signed networks and found that critical spreading rates were closely related to the fraction of positive relationships in signed networks. Finally, we confirmed the correctness of our solutions using numerical simulations of the opinion spreading model in signed networks.
Newton-Raphson and EM Algorithms for Linear Mixed-Effects Models for Repeated-Measures Data

Abstract We develop an efficient and effective implementation of the Newton—Raphson (NR) algorithm for estimating the parameters in mixed-effects models for repeated-measures data. We formulate the derivatives for both maximum likelihood and restricted maximum likelihood estimation and propose improvements to the algorithm discussed by Jennrich and Schluchter (1986) to speed convergence and ensure a positive-definite covariance matrix for the random effects at each iteration. We use matrix decompositions to develop efficient and computationally stable implementations of both the NR algorithm and an EM algorithm (Laird and Ware 1982) for this model. We compare the two methods (EM vs. NR) in terms of computational order and performance on two sample data sets and conclude that in most situations a well-implemented NR algorithm is preferable to the EM algorithm or EM algorithm with Aitken's acceleration. The term repeated measures refers to experimental designs where there are several individuals and several.
SIERPIŃSKI PEDAL TRIANGLES

We generalize the construction of the ordinary Sierpinski triangle to obtain a two-parameter family of fractals we call Sierpinski pedal triangles. These fractals are obtained from a given triangle by recursively deleting the associated pedal triangles in a manner analogous to the construction of the ordinary Sierpinski triangle, but their fractal dimensions depend on the choice of the initial triangles. In this paper, we discuss the fractal dimensions of the Sierpinski pedal triangles and the related area ratio problem, and provide some computer-generated graphs of the fractals.
How can the copepod Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912) be used to control mosquito production effectively in pots, plates, and slabs?

Abstract We tested the effectiveness of predation by the cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912) in Culicidae and Chironomidae larvae, aiming to test if (i) the introduction of copepods effectively controls mosquito larvae and (ii) the density of copepods is important for ensuring control. We conducted two semi-field experiments: the first involved 14 experimental runs over 75 consecutive days, compared in a randomized block design, four repetitions per treatment in each experimental run (block); and the second experiment involved a total of five experimental runs, lasting 25 and 33 days each. In the first experiment, culicid larvae were preyed on by copepods, especially at high copepod densities (15 copepods per litre), which reduced culicid densities by approximately 61% and 64% for different containers, considering that the environmental temperature declined linearly by about 10ºC from February (summer) to May (autumn) (32ºC to 22ºC). Even the lowest copepod density (5 per liter) produced a substantial reduction in the abundance of culicid larvae when chironomid larvae were abundant. On the other hand, there was no effective control of chironomid larvae. In the second experiment, increases in Culicidae and Chironomidae were concomitant with decreases in copepods. Thus, when the copepods were in high densities, there was no increase in insects, although the larvae of culicids were not eliminated from the experimental units. We conclude that the introduction of copepods in small containers and ponds can be useful for the control of culicid larvae without harming chironomid populations, and densities up to 15 per litre are recommended, although even low densities cause substantial reduction.
Genetic mutation of SLC6A20 (c.1072T > C) in a family with nephrolithiasis: A case report

Abstract Nephrolithiasis is a highly prevalent disease worldwide that is associated with significant suffering, renal failure, and cost for the healthcare system. A patient with nephrolithiasis was found to have SLC6A20 variation. SLC6A20 gene in human is located on chromosome 3p21.3, which is a member of SLC6 family of membrane transporters and the product of this gene expression is transporter protein of sub-amino acid transporter system. The previous studies have reported that the mutation of SLC6A20 may cause hyperglycinuria or iminoglycinuria which may lead to nephrolithiasis. The object was to investigate the relationship between nephrolithiasis and SLC6A20 through pedigree genetic analysis. To explore whether the SLC6A20 mutation can cause hereditary nephrolithiasis, and provide evidence for further research. The urine and blood were collected from the patients for compositional analysis. DNA sequencing was applied to analyze the gene mutation. Labial gland and kidney biopsy were conducted for pathological analysis. As a result we reported a rare family case of nephrolithiasis accompanied by primary Sjogren’s syndrome and investigated it by examining the family members with whole exome gene sequencing technology and detecting 20 different amino acids and 132 kinds of organic acids in the urine with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We discovered that the proband and her mother had hyperglycinuria and the proband (Ⅱ2), her sister (Ⅱ3), and mother (Ⅰ1) were found to carry the SLC6A20 gene exon NM_020208. 3 sequence c.1072T > C heterozygous mutation, and the other family members (Ⅰ2, Ⅱ1, Ⅱ4, Ⅲ1, Ⅲ2) did not carry the genetic mutation. As a conclusion, the heterozygous mutation of SLC6A20 (c.1072T > C) might be contributed to hyperglycinuria and the formation of nephrolithiasis.
A Comparison of a Hierarchy of Models for Determining Energy Balance Components over Vegetation Canopies

Several methods for estimating surface energy balance components over a vegetated surface are compared. These include Penman-Monteith, Deardorff, and multilayer canopy (CANWHT) models for evaporation. Measurements taken during the 1991 DOE-sponsored Boardman Area Regional Flux Experiment over a well-irrigated, closed wheat canopy are used in the comparison. The relative performance of each model is then evaluated. It is found that the Penman-Monteith approach using a simple parameterization for stomatal conductance performs best for evaporation flux. The Deardorff model is found to have the best relative performance for sensible heat, while the CANWHT model gives the best results for net radiation and soil heat flux. The Priestley-Taylor model for evaporation and a resistance-analog equation for sensible heat flux are also tested. 35 refs., 9 figs., 4 tabs.
Development of Interactive Hand Rehabilitation Tools Based on Activities of Daily Living

Hand rehabilitation aims to improve patients’ hand and arm skills, improve adherence to training and increase their participation in activities of daily living (ADLs). A novel way of achieving this is to employ ADL-based interactive rehabilitation tools and show patients how their improved skills can be transferable to daily tasks. Hence, in this paper, we report the results of a set of studies carried out with six healthy individuals and two physiotherapists to discover the potential of integrating ADLs into interactive hand rehabilitation tools. Consequently, we designed two interactive drinking-based concepts and tested those with three stroke patients. We found that ADL-based training couples particularly well with functional training. Still, selecting appropriate functional exercises that match the ADL is an essential task to transfer training outcomes to a functional setting. Based on our findings, this paper highlights that ADL-based interactive hand rehabilitation training must minimally deviate from the original ADLs.
Intention to Use a VR Learning System: A Moderated Mediation Model

This study is aimed to investigate what affects learners’ intention to use a VR learning system. Drawing on the causality rationale of the technology acceptance model, our research model is built with an external variable (situated learning), a belief variable (perceived usefulness), an attitude variable (perceived satisfaction) and a moderator (technological self efficacy) to explain learners’ intention to use a VR system. Data collected from 98 undergraduate students were examined with the PLS-SEM technique. The results indicate the direct effect of situated learning on intention to use a VR system as well as the indirect effect of situated learning on intention to use the VR system via perceived usefulness contingent on technological self efficacy. However, the effect of perceived satisfaction on intention to use a VR system is not statistically significant. The research findings are important to researchers and practitioners for promoting the VR learning approach.
The Importance of a Quality Assessment for Educational Applications: Perceptions of Secondary School Students Regarding Non-Certified Learning Apps

Educational applications (learning apps) are becoming increasingly common in the education sector and many students ask themselves which app can assist in their learning process, promote their academic success, and improve their performance. However, there is an incredibly large selection of apps, and their quality and content are often questionable. To sift through and evaluate the entire learning apps, the Austrian Ministry for Education, Research, and Science tries to certify suitable learning apps with a quality seal in a uniform certification process. This paper provides an overview of the Austrian certification process of learning apps and points out its advantages for being a possible role model. Concerning the importance of a general quality seal for all learning apps, two non-certified ones that are widely used by students and teachers in the German-speaking area are compared and analyzed with the Austrian evaluation grid used in the certification process. In addition, after being introduced to the two learning apps in school, 244 students were asked whether they or their teachers would continue to use them for their learning process. To get the opinions of the students, an online questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended questions was created and evaluated. According to the opinion of the students, most of the respondents would continue to use the two learning apps for studying and think that their teachers would use them in class. However, the findings also show that some students are hesitant about the utilization of learning apps for their studies, because of the apps’ false content or advertisements. Some of the mentioned concerns are exclusion criteria for the Austrian seal of quality. Therefore, after comparison with the evaluation grid, executed by three teachers, and based on the student’s perceptions, possible disadvantages of non-certified applications are pointed out. It can be assumed that certification criteria for learning apps are necessary. Moreover, this information is important not only for students but also for parents, teachers, and app developers. Further studies comparing certified and non-certified applications will take place in 2023.
Enhancing Chinese International Students’ Motivation and Engagement in a STEM Subject in UK Higher Education: A Case of Gamification in Programming

Programming courses, the entry of the digital world, can be overwhelming to freshers, especially for international students experiencing academic transition. To better understand and improve international students’ programming learning experience, we conducted two studies. The first study identified international students’ lack of intrinsic motivation and low engagement. The second study implemented a gamification approach to motivate and engage international students in programming learning and smooth their academic transition. The study showed positive results regarding the impacts of gamification on students’ learning performance and intrinsic motivation.
FA3: Fine-Grained Android Application Analysis

Understanding Android applications' behavior is essential to many security applications, e.g., malware analysis. Although many systems have been proposed to perform such dynamic analysis, they are limited by their applicable analysis environment (on device vs. emulator), transparency to subject apps, applicable runtime (Dalvik vs. ART), applicable system stack, or granularity. In this paper, we propose FA3 (Fine-Grained Android Application Analysis), a novel on-device, non-invasive, and fine-grained analysis platform by leveraging existing profiling mechanisms in the Android Runtime (ART) and kernel to inspect method invocations and control-flow transfers for both Java methods and third-party native libraries. FA3 embeds its tracing capability in multiple layers of the Android system stack to not only capture fine-grained application behaviors but ensure even non-conventional or malicious tricks of loading and executing OAT/ELF binaries cannot escape our monitoring. We carefully evaluated FA3 using real-world malware. Experimental results showed that FA3 successfully analyzes sophisticated malware samples and provides a comprehensive view of their behavior.
On Plane Curves

We collect various known results (about plane curves and the moduli space of stable maps) to derive new recursive formulas enumerating low genus plane curves of any degree with various behaviors. Recursive formulas are given for the characteristic numbers of rational plane curves, elliptic plane curves, and elliptic plane curves with ﬁxed complex structure. Recursions are also given for the number of elliptic (and rational) plane curves with various “codimension 1” behavior (cuspidal, tacnodal, triple pointed, etc., as well as the geometric and arithmetic sectional genus of the Severi variety). We compute the latter numbers for genus 2 and 3 plane curves as well. We rely on results of Caporaso, Diaz, Getzler, Harris, Ran, and especially Pandharipande.
Empirical mass-loss rates for 25 O and early B stars, derived from Copernicus observations.

Ultraviolet line profiles are fitted with theoretical line profiles in the cases of 25 stars covering a spectral type range from O4 to B1, including all luminosity classes. Ion column densities are compared for the determination of wind ionization, and it is found that the O VI/N V ratio is dependent on the mean density of the wind and not on effective temperature value, while the Si IV/N V ratio is temperature-dependent. The column densities are used to derive a mass-loss rate parameter that is empirically correlated against the mass-loss rate by means of standard stars with well-determined rates from IR or radio data. The empirical mass-loss rates obtained are compared with those derived by others and found to vary by as much as a factor of 10, which is shown to be due to uncertainties or errors in the ionization fractions of models used for wind ionization balance prediction.
An Explanation for Huge Enhancements of Ultraheavy Ions in Solar 3He-rich Events

Preferential heating and selective acceleration of oxygen (O) and ultraheavy ions (UH) with an atomic number Z > 34 in solar 3He-rich or impulsive flares are theoretically and numerically investigated according to the two-stage acceleration mechanism. It is shown that parallel propagating ion-cyclotron Alfvén waves can be much more efficient at heating ultraheavy ions than at heating oxygen through cyclotron resonances. This preferential heating of ultraheavy ions can result in three-order enhancements of abundance ratio UH/O in high-energy nuclei accelerated in the solar impulsive flares, which are consistent with the extreme enhancements of ultraheavy ions relative to oxygen observed in solar 3He-rich events in recent years.
Umbilical vein blood flow: State‐of‐the‐art

Placental blood supply to the fetus can be measured by evaluating the umbilical vein blood flow. Despite its potential application in healthcare, the umbilical vein blood flow volume is still used only in research setting. One of the reasons is a concern regarding its reproducibility, partly due to technology issues. Nowadays, technology improvements make this evaluation accurate and reproducible. The aim of this review is to refresh basic elements of the physiology of umbilical vein blood flow and its analysis. Its evaluation in normal and abnormal fetal growth is also discussed.
Optimal linear quadratic model following with an application to a flexible aircraft

This paper develops general theoretical results about an input–output model-following methodology for linear systems, as an optimal control problem. A control law is obtained by minimizing a quadratic index that takes into account the matching errors and the control inputs. The control is obtained from the Lagrange multiplier method and can be interpreted as an extension of the linear quadratic regulator, with finite and infinite horizon formulations. The major contribution of the paper is the development of solutions involving plant output feedback. The method is illustrated with an application to a nonlinear flexible aircraft with nonstationary aerodynamics and nine flexible modes. Simulations compare state and output feedback solutions. In the proposed example, when taking into account unmodeled flexible dynamics and parametric uncertainties, the best results are given by the proposed output feedback.
Exploring the Knowledge of An Outstanding Protein to Protein Interaction Transformer

Protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) prediction aims to predict whether two given proteins interact or not. Compared with traditional experimental methods of high cost and low efficiency, the current deep learning based approach makes it possible to discover massive potential PPIs from large-scale databases. However, deep PPI prediction models perform poorly on unseen species, as their proteins are not in the training set. Targetting on this issue, the paper first proposes PPITrans, a Transformer based PPI prediction model that exploits a language model pre-trained on proteins to conduct binary PPI prediction. To validate the effectiveness on unseen species, PPITrans is trained with Human PPIs and tested on PPIs of other species. Experimental results show that PPITrans significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art on various metrics, especially on PPIs of unseen species. For example, the AUPR improves 0.339 absolutely on Fly PPIs. Aiming to explore the knowledge learned by PPITrans from PPI data, this paper also designs a series of probes belonging to three categories. Their results reveal several interesting findings, like that although PPITrans cannot capture the spatial structure of proteins, it can obtain knowledge of PPI type and binding affinity, learning more than binary PPI.