Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on the Thickness and Microstructure of Plate-like TiO2 by the Nanosheet-Seeding Growth Technique

The nanosheet-seeding growth (NSG) technique is an interesting synthesis method for preparing two-dimensional (2D) materials by employing ultrathin nanosheets as templates. In this work, the synthesis of 2D TiO2 nanoplates using Ti0.87O2 nanosheets via the NSG process is thoroughly studied to achieve a better understanding of this process. The influence of various synthesis conditions on the morphology and phase composition has been carefully examined. The study of synthesis time reveals that the TiO2 grows in the Stranski–Krastanov mode on the templates and the growth follows second-order kinetics. It is also found that the concentration of precursors and the synthesis time are the effective parameters in controlling the thickness of TiO2 nanoplates. The phase of the sample changes from anatase TiO2 to NH4TiOF3 and the morphology changes from flake to disk with the increase in the precursor concentration. The synthesis temperature has a large influence on the morphology and thickness of the sample but has little effect on the phase composition. However, the synthesis temperature changes the color of the sample, and a high temperature enlarges the light absorption range of the sample.
A simple proof of the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula for Finsler manifolds

From the point of view of index theory, we give a simple proof of a Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula for all Finsler manifolds by the Cartan connection. Based on this, we establish a Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula for any metric-compatible connection and also derive the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula of Lackey.
Characterizations for fractional Hardy inequality

Abstract We provide a Maz'ya-type characterization for a fractional Hardy inequality. As an application, we show that a bounded open set G admits a fractional Hardy inequality if and only if the associated fractional capacity is quasiadditive with respect to Whitney cubes of G and the zero extension operator acting on Cc(G) is bounded in an appropriate manner.
ON A CLASS OF SEMIHEREDITARY CROSSED-PRODUCT ORDERS

Let F be a field, let V be a valuation ring of F of arbitrary Krull dimension (rank), let K be a finite Galois extension of F with group G, and let S be the integral closure of V in K . Let f V G G7! Knf0g be a normalized twococycle such that f.G G/ Snf0g, but we do not require that f should take values in the group of multiplicative units of S. One can construct a crossed-product V-algebra A fD P 2G Sx in a natural way, which is a Vorder in the crossed-product F-algebra . K=F; G; f/. If V is unramified and defectless in K , we show that A f is semihereditary if and only if for all ; 2 G and every maximal ideal M of S, f. ; / 62 M 2 . If in addition J.V/ is not a principal ideal of V , then A f is semihereditary if and only if it is an Azumaya algebra over V .
Assessment of in vitro antibacterial activity and MIC of cinnamon bark powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts against bacteria

The study was planned to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Screening of cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts for antibacterial sensitivity and MIC against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out. ABST was performed by the disc diffusion method. The cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts were suspended in a solution containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.5% tween 80. Under aseptic condition, empty sterilized discs were impregnated with 50 μl of different concentrations (50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.12%) of the cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts and placed on the agar plate surface. Paper disc moistened with vehicle (DMSO plus tween 80) was placed on the seeded petri plate as a vehicle control. Standard disc containing antibacterial drugs (gentamicin, tetracycline, cefpirome and ampicillin) were used as reference control. The petri plates were incubated at 37°C for 18 h. After the incubation period, the zone of inhibition was measured. Among the tested bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli showed the sensitivity at different concentration of cinnamon powder ethanolic extract whereas Streptococcus agalactiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed no zone of inhibition. Aqueous extract of cinnamon powder showed no antibacterial activities against all tested bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts were determined by micro-broth dilution technique. The results of MIC revealed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed various MIC against all tested bacteria. Ethanolic extract of cinnamon powder has lower MIC value against Staphylococcus aureus among tested bacteria.
Analysis of a multi-population kinetic model for traffic flow

In this work we extend a recent kinetic traffic model [G. Puppo, M. Semplice, A. Tosin, and G. Visconti, Kinet. Relat. Models, in press, 2016] to the case of more than one class of vehicles, each of which is characterized by few different microscopic features. We consider a Boltzmann-like framework with only binary interactions, which take place among vehicles belonging to the various classes. Our approach differs from the multi-population kinetic model proposed in [G. Puppo, M. Semplice, A. Tosin, and G. Visconti, Commun. Math. Sci., 14:643-669, 2016] because here we assume continuous velocity spaces and we introduce a parameter describing the physical velocity jump performed by a vehicle that increases its speed after an interaction. The model is discretized in order to investigate numerically the structure of the resulting fundamental diagrams and the system of equations is analyzed by studying well posedness. Moreover, we compute the equilibria of the discretized model and we show that the exact asymptotic kinetic distributions can be obtained with a small number of velocities in the grid. Finally, we introduce a new probability law in order to attenuate the sharp capacity drop occurring in the diagrams of traffic.
Seagrass Connectivity Based on Oceanographic Condition in The Marine Protected Area of Biawak Islands, Indramayu

Seagrasses are an essential component of the coastal environment with provide many ecosystem services beneficial to humans. Understanding the pattern of dispersal of segrasses is important for conservation management. The aimed of this research was to analyze the seed dispersal of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides in the Marine Protected Area of Biawak Islands, Indramayu, based on hydrodynamic modelling. Oceanographic data were downloaded from several open acces website and location of seagrasses based one insitu observation. Then, oceanographic parameters and seed traits were used to develop the particle trajectory model. Our analysis showed that the seafloor’s depth around the islands varied, ranging from 8 m to 48 m. The seed dispersal was strongly influenced by alternating tidal currents (reversing current). The particle trajectory showed that most of the seeds would be transported outward away from each source in the islands, and they settled in deeper areas further from the coast of the islands. This result indicates that the seagrass population in Biawak Islands might depend predominantly on vegetative recruitment, which is slow. This may be related to the low seagrass canopy cover in Biawak Islands.
The theory of vector-modular forms for the modular group

We explain the basic ideas, describe with proofs the main results, and demonstrate the effectiveness, of an evolving theory of vector-valued modular forms (vvmf). To keep the exposition concrete, we restrict here to the special case of the modular group. Among other things,we construct vvmf for arbitrary multipliers, solve the Mittag-Leffler problem here, establish Serre duality and find a dimension formula for holomorphic vvmf, all in far greater generality than has been done elsewhere. More important, the new ideas involved are sufficiently simple and robust that this entire theory extends directly to any genus-0 Fuchsian group.
On the growth of permutation classes

We study aspects of the enumeration of permutation classes, sets of permutations closed downwards under the subpermutation order. First, we consider monotone grid classes of permutations. We present procedures for calculating the generating function of any class whose matrix has dimensions m × 1 for some m, and of acyclic and unicyclic classes of gridded permutations. We show that almost all large permutations in a grid class have the same shape, and determine this limit shape. We prove that the growth rate of a grid class is given by the square of the spectral radius of an associated graph and deduce some facts relating to the set of grid class growth rates. In the process, we establish a new result concerning tours on graphs. We also prove a similar result relating the growth rate of a geometric grid class to the matching polynomial of a graph, and determine the effect of edge subdivision on the matching polynomial. We characterise the growth rates of geometric grid classes in terms of the spectral radii of trees. We then investigate the set of growth rates of permutation classes and establish a new upper bound on the value above which every real number is the growth rate of some permutation class. In the process, we prove new results concerning expansions of real numbers in non-integer bases in which the digits are drawn from sets of allowed values. Finally, we introduce a new enumeration technique, based on associating a graph with each permutation, and determine the generating functions for some previously unenumerated classes. We conclude by using this approach to provide an improved lower bound on the growth rate of the class of permutations avoiding the pattern 1324. In the process, we prove that, asymptotically, patterns in Łukasiewicz paths exhibit a concentrated Gaussian distribution.
-symmetric non-commutative spaces with minimal volume uncertainty relations

We provide a systematic procedure to relate a three-dimensional q-deformed oscillator algebra to the corresponding algebra satisfied by canonical variables describing non-commutative spaces. The large number of possible free parameters in these calculations is reduced to a manageable amount by imposing various different versions of -symmetry on the underlying spaces, which are dictated by the specific physical problem under consideration. The representations for the corresponding operators are in general non-Hermitian with regard to standard inner products and obey algebras whose uncertainty relations lead to minimal length, areas or volumes in phase space. We analyze in particular one three-dimensional solution which may be decomposed into a two-dimensional non-commutative space plus one commuting space component, and also into a one-dimensional non-commutative space plus two commuting space components. We study some explicit models on these types of non-commutative spaces.
Highest methane concentrations in an Arctic river linked to local terrestrial inputs

Abstract. Large amounts of methane (CH4) could be released as a result of the gradual or abrupt thawing of Arctic permafrost due to global warming. Once available, this potent greenhouse gas is emitted into the atmosphere or transported laterally into aquatic ecosystems via hydrologic connectivity at the surface or via groundwaters. While high northern latitudes contribute up to 5 % of total global CH4 emissions, the specific contribution of Arctic rivers and streams is largely unknown. We analyzed high-resolution continuous CH4 concentrations measured between 15 and 17 June 2019 (late freshet) in a ∼120 km transect of the Kolyma River in northeast Siberia. The average partial pressure of CH4 (pCH4) in tributaries (66.8–206.8 µatm) was 2–7 times higher than in the main river channel (28.3 µatm). In the main channel, CH4 was up to 1600 % supersaturated with respect to atmospheric equilibrium. Key sites along the riverbank and at tributary confluences accounted for 10 % of the navigated transect and had the highest pCH4 (41 ± 7 µatm) and CH4 emissions (0.03 ± 0.004 mmolm-2d-1) compared to other sites in the main channel, contributing between 14 % to 17 % of the total CH4 flux in the transect. These key sites were characterized by warm waters (T>14.5 ∘C) and low specific conductivities (κ<88 µS cm−1). The distribution of CH4 in the river could be linked statistically to T and κ of the water and to their proximity to the shore z, and these parameters served as predictors of CH4 concentrations in unsampled river areas. The abundance of CH4-consuming bacteria and CH4-producing archaea in the river was similar to those previously detected in nearby soils and was also strongly correlated to T and κ. These findings imply that the source of riverine CH4 is closely related with sites near land. The average total CH4 flux density in the river section was 0.02 ± 0.006 mmolm-2d-1, equivalent to an annual CH4 flux of 1.24×107 g CH4 yr−1 emitted during a 146 d open water season. Our study highlights the importance of high-resolution continuous CH4 measurements in Arctic rivers for identifying spatial and temporal variations, as well as providing a glimpse of the magnitude of riverine CH4 emissions in the Arctic and their potential relevance to regional CH4 budgets.
Isoparametric foliations, a problem of Eells–Lemaire and conjectures of Leung

In this paper, two sequences of minimal isoparametric hypersurfaces are constructed via representations of Clifford algebras. Based on these, we give estimates on eigenvalues of the Laplacian of the focal submanifolds of isoparametric hypersurfaces in unit spheres. This improves results of [Z. Z. Tang and W. J. Yan, ‘Isoparametric foliation and Yau conjecture on the first eigenvalue’, J. Differential. Geom. 94 (2013) 521–540; Z. Z. Tang, Y. Q. Xie and W. J. Yan, ‘Isoparametric foliation and Yau conjecture on the first eigenvalue, II’, J. Funct. Anal. 266 (2014) 6174–6199]. Eells and Lemaire [Selected topics in harmonic maps, C.B. M.S. Regional Conference Series in Mathematics 50 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1983)] posed a problem to characterize the compact Riemannian manifold M for which there is an eigenmap from M to Sn . As another application of our constructions, the focal maps give rise to many examples of eigenmaps from minimal isoparametric hypersurfaces to unit spheres. Most importantly, by investigating the second fundamental forms of focal submanifolds of isoparametric hypersurfaces in unit spheres, we provide infinitely many counterexamples to two conjectures of Leung [‘Minimal submanifolds in a sphere II’, Bull. London Math. Soc. 23 (1991) 387–390] (posed in 1991) on minimal submanifolds in unit spheres. Note that these conjectures of Leung have been proved in the case that the normal connection is flat [T. Hasanis and T. Vlachos, ‘Ricci curvatures and minimal submanifolds’, Pacific J. Math. 197 (2001) 13–24].
Engineered and emerged collaboration: vicious and virtuous cycles

Abstract Inter-organizational collaboration within the construction industry consists of both engineered and emerged aspects. Engineered formal practices and emerged informal practices interplay in their influence on the overall success of client-contractor collaboration. This interplay has been recognized but is still understudied and requires further research to increase the understanding of how the interplay functions. To enable the study of the emerged aspects of collaboration we applied a practice-based approach in a longitudinal multiple case study, including four projects for operation and maintenance of road infrastructure. This paper contributes to the literature on collaboration in construction by providing detailed examples of how the interplay between engineered and emerged collaboration may unfold, showing how formal and informal practices contribute to the development of vicious and virtuous cycles of collaboration. Furthermore, our findings indicate that a virtuous cycle of only informal practices can become a weakness if unexpected problems occur. Project managers should therefore be encouraged to implement formal collaboration, even if the project team is already in a virtuous cycle of informal collaboration.
Schwarz triangle functions and duality for certain parameters of the generalised Chazy equation

Schwarz triangle functions play a fundamental role in the solutions of the generalised Chazy equation. We determine the Schwarz triangle functions that appear in the solutions in the cases where $k=\frac{2}{3}$, $\frac{3}{2}$, $2$ and $3$. Chazy has shown that for the parameters $k=2$ and $3$, the equations can be linearised. Some of the Schwarz triangle functions that show up in the solutions to the generalised Chazy equation with these two parameters also show up in the dual cases where $k=\frac{2}{3}$ and $k=\frac{3}{2}$, suggesting an intriguing connection between the solutions for $k=2$ and $k=3$ with dihedral and tetrahedral symmetry respectively, and the solutions for $k=\frac{2}{3}, \frac{3}{2}$ with $G_2$ symmetry.
Chernoff approximation of subordinate semigroups

This note is devoted to the approximation of evolution semigroups generated by some Markov processes and hence to the approximation of transition probabilities of these processes. The considered semigroups correspond to processes obtained by subordination (i.e. by a time-change) of some original (parent) Markov processes with respect to some subordinators, i.e. Levy processes with a.s. increasing paths (they play the role of the new time). If the semigroup, corresponding to a parent Markov process, is not known explicitly then neither the subordinate semigroup, nor even the generator of the subordinate semigroup are known explicitly too. In this note, some (Chernoff) approximations are constructed for subordinate semigroups (in the case when subordinators have either known transitional probabilities, or known and bounded Levy measure) under the condition that the parent semigroups are not known but are already Chernoff-approximated. As it has been shown in the recent literature, this condition is fulfille.
Geometric Spectra and Commensurability

Abstract The work of Reid, Chinburg–Hamilton–Long–Reid, Prasad–Rapinchuk, and the author with Reid have demonstrated that geodesics or totally geodesic submanifolds can sometimes be used to determine the commensurability class of an arithmetic manifold. The main results of this article show that generalizations of these results to other arithmetic manifolds will require a wide range of data. Specifically, we prove that certain incommensurable arithmetic manifolds arising from the semisimple Lie groups of the form ${{\left( \text{SL(d,}\,\mathbf{R}) \right)}^{r}}\,\times \,{{\left( \text{SL(d,}\,\mathbf{C}) \right)}^{s}}$ have the same commensurability classes of totally geodesic submanifolds coming from a fixed field. This construction is algebraic and shows the failure of determining, in general, a central simple algebra from subalgebras over a fixed field. This, in turn, can be viewed in terms of forms of $\text{S}{{\text{L}}_{d}}$ and the failure of determining the form via certain classes of algebraic subgroups.
Linear stability of Perelman's $\nu$-entropy on symmetric spaces of compact type

Following Cao-Hamilton-Ilmanen, in this paper we study the linear stability of Perelman's $\nu$-entropy on Einstein manifolds with positive Ricci curvature. We observe the equivalence between the linear stability restricted to the transversal traceless symmetric 2-tensors and the stability of Einstein manifolds with respect to the Hilbert action. As a main application, we give a full classification of linear stability of the $\nu$-entropy on symmetric spaces of compact type. In particular, we exhibit many more linearly stable and linearly unstable examples than previously known and also the first linearly stable examples, other than the standard spheres, whose second variations are negative definite.
Riemann slice-domains over quaternions II

We generalize the representation formula from slice-domains of regularity to general Riemann slice-domains. This result allows us to extend the ∗-product of slice regular functions on axially symmetric domains to certain Riemann slice-domains by introducing holomorphic stem systems and tensor holomorphic functions. In particular, we construct a power series expansions of slice regular functions on certain Riemann slice-domains, which implies a relation between stem holomorphic, tensor holomorphic and slice regular functions.
Infiltration and soil water repellency in Theobroma cacao plantations: Stand and seasonal effects

Our understanding of the hydrological processes in cocoa agroforests is extremely limited. Most work has focused on characterising throughfall and transpiration processes under various management approaches and climate change scenarios. However, little is currently understood about how soil water movement is driven by infiltration and hydraulic conductivity. We monitored the soil properties, soil water repellency and hydraulic conductivity in a 5‐, 12‐ and >30‐year‐old cocoa plantation in the wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, repellent conditions were absent in all stands, while the hydraulic conductivity showed no significant differences among them. This suggests that stand age has little effect on water movement during the wet period. During the dry season, the soil at the 5‐ and 12‐year‐old stands became extremely repellent and was twice as severe as that of the >30‐year‐old plantation. It was expected that the extreme repellency in the younger stands would reduce infiltration rates; however, higher rates were recorded in the 5‐ and 12‐year‐old stands. This was likely due to the presence of large, deep soil cracks, which enhanced preferential flow. As the repellency was not significantly correlated with soil properties, we hypothesised that the high grass/sedge cover and temperatures in the 5‐ and 12‐year‐old stands enhanced it. While further research is needed to investigate the role that grass and sedges play in developing repellent conditions, managing their cover may prove beneficial for the growth and survival of young cocoa trees.
The Completion Theorem in twisted equivariant $K$-Theory for proper and discrete actions

We compare different algebraic structures in twisted equivariant K-Theory for proper actions of discrete groups. After the construction of a module structure over untwisted equivariant K-Theory, we prove a completion Theorem of Atiyah-Segal type for twisted equivariant K-Theory. Using a Universal coefficient Theorem, we prove a cocompletion Theorem for Twisted Borel K-Homology for discrete Groups.