Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hessian of the Riemannian Squared Distance

This supplementary material details the notions of Riemannian geometry that are underlying the paper Barycentric Subspace Analysis on Manifolds. In particular, it investigates the Hessian of the Riemannian square distance whose definiteness controls the local regularity of the barycentric subspaces. This is exemplified on the sphere and the hyperbolic space. 1 Riemannian manifolds A Riemannian manifold is a differential manifold provided with a smooth collection of scalar products 〈 . | . 〉x on each tangent space TxM at point x of the manifold, called the Riemannian metric. In a chart, the metric is expressed by a symmetric positive definite matrix G(x) = [gij(x)] where each element is given by the dot product of the tangent vector to the coordinate curves: gij(x) = 〈 ∂i | ∂j 〉x. This matrix is called the local representation of the Riemannian metric in the chart x and the dot products of two vectors v and w in TxM is now 〈 v | w 〉x = v G(x) w = gij(x)vw using the Einstein summation convention which implicitly sum over the indices that appear both in upper position (components of [contravariant] vectors) and lower position (components of covariant vectors (co-vectors)). 1.1 Riemannian distance and geodesics If we consider a curve γ(t) on the manifold, we can compute at each point its instantaneous speed vector γ̇(t) (this operation only involves the differential structure) and its norm ‖γ̇(t)‖γ(t) to obtain the instantaneous speed (the Riemannian metric is needed for this operation). To compute the length of the curve, this value is integrated along the curve:
Hunting the Haunter - Efficient Relational Symbolic Execution for Spectre with Haunted RelSE

Spectre are microarchitectural attacks which were made public in January 2018. They allow an attacker to recover secrets by exploiting speculations. Detection of Spectre is particularly important for cryptographic libraries and defenses at the software level have been proposed. Yet, defenses correctness and Spectre detection pose challenges due on one hand to the explosion of the exploration space induced by speculative paths, and on the other hand to the introduction of new Spectre vulnerabilities at different compilation stages. We propose an optimization, coined Haunted RelSE, that allows scalable detection of Spectre vulnerabilities at binary level. We prove the optimization semantically correct w.r. t. the more naive explicit speculative exploration approach used in state-of-the-art tools. We implement Haunted RelSE in a symbolic analysis tool, and extensively test it on a wellknown litmus testset for Spectre-PHT, and on a new litmus testset for Spectre-STL, which we propose. Our technique finds more violations and scales better than state-of-the-art techniques and tools, analyzing real-world cryptographic libraries and finding new violations. Thanks to our tool, we discover that indexmasking—a standard defense for Spectre-PHT—and well-known gcc options to compile position independent executables introduce Spectre-STL violations. We propose and verify a correction to index-masking to avoid the problem.
Instantaneous Normal Mode Approach to Liquid State Dynamics

The instantaneous normal mode (INM) approach to liquid state dynamics is presented. INM is put in historical context, and the underlying physical ideas, including the importance of the potential energy landscape, are explained. It is shown that INM can be the basis of a general starting point for dynamical calculations in liquids, and the theoretical developments necessary for future development are indicated. New results are given for the general INM formalism, as well as for depolarized light scattering, the “Boson peak” in supercooled liquids, friction on a vibrating bond, nonadiabatic solvent induced transitions of a quantum system coupled to a liquid, and diffusion in supercooled liquids.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Ethane Oxidation to Acetic Acid on Catalysts Based on Mo−V−Nb Oxides

Kinetic and isotopic studies showed that C−H bond activation in ethane by surfaces essentially saturated with lattice oxygens is the sole kinetically relevant step in ethane oxidation on Mo−V−NbOx mixed oxides. These conclusions are consistent with the dependence of oxidation rates on O2 and C2H6 pressures, with H/D exchange and kinetic isotope effects, and with the preferential initial incorporation of 16O atoms from the oxide lattice into products formed from 18O2−C2H6 mixtures. The precipitation of active components (Mo0.61V0.31Nb0.08Ox) in the presence of colloidal TiO2 led to 10-fold increases in all rate constants (per active component), consistent with higher dispersion of active components resembling in structure and surface reactivity those prevalent in bulk powders. The concurrent presence of PdOx cocatalyst, even as a separate solid, markedly increased all rate constants for oxidation of ethene intermediates and specifically that for ethene oxidation to acetaldehyde molecules, which are rapidly.
Domestic Violence against Women in the Nigerian Rural Context

The problem of domestic violence is not new to African societies. This study focused on the remote causes and implications of domestic violence among rural women. The study adopted a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. The respondents were selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Findings revealed that 82.3% of the respondents agree that the economic dependence of women on men is among the major causes of domestic violence, while 52.3% of respondents believe that their communities encourage and tolerate some abusive behavior. A total of 61.5% of the respondents posit that religious and traditional beliefs aid the persistence of domestic violence. On the implications of domestic violence, 84.6% of the respondents agree that children of domestic violent homes will model their behavior according to their experiences. The X2 value of 13.437 is significant at 3.841 and shows that domestic violence has a serious psychological implication on women. Lack of authorities to report cases of violence to and fear of the consequences of such reports prevented many of these rural women from seeking help when they were abused. This study posits that advocacy groups should employ more practical and appropriate communication mechanisms peculiar to each rural area. Specifically, the use of indigenous languages to form songs, playlet, and proverbs to communicate the implications of domestic violence against women in their communities should be encouraged. Community and women leaders should ensure that women who report cases of domestic abuse are adequately protected from the perpetrators. In doing this, they are able to accept the sensitization processes rather than disregard them or term them ‘western’.
Pigments used in Roman wall paintings in the Vesuvian area

Powdered pigments found in bowls from the Pompeii archaeological site and some wall-painting fragments from the Vesuvian area (conserved in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples) were investigated by microscopic Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray. Brown, red and yellow pigments are common ochres based on goethite and haematite. The blue pigment is Egyptian blue: the presence of tridymite and cristobalite indicates firing temperatures in the 1000–1100 °C range. Pink pigments were prepared both with purely inorganic materials, by mixing haematite and Egyptian blue (violet hue), or presumably by adding an organic dye to an aluminium-silica matrix. A white powder found in a bowl is composed mainly of the unusual pigment huntite (CaMg3(CO3)4). Celadonite is found in the green samples from the wall paintings, together with Egyptian blue and basic lead carbonate, while the heterogeneous green pigment in a bowl shows malachite mixed with goethite, Egyptian blue, haematite, carbon, cerussite and quartz. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
190-196 Tipayamongkholgul M.pmd

In recent decades, many countries in Southeast Asia such as Thailand reported an increase of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and are faced with double burden of NCDs and communicable diseases such as tuberculosis. Recurrent tuberculosis (TB) has been reported in association with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) and diabetes mellitus, however the association between recurrent TB and other NCDs has not been well investigated in this region. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine risk of recurrent TB associated with NCDs in an endemic area of HIV in Thailand. Of 1,444 pulmonary TB patients who are registered and had completed a course of treatment during 2003-2012, 99 were diagnosed for recurrent TB (1.954 per 100 TB cases-year). After adjusting for HIV, age, sex, and previous TB treatment outcome, Poisson regression revealed significant risk of recurrent TB among patient with diabetes mellitus (RR=2.76; 95% CI=1.66-4.59), with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR=2.16; 95% CI=1.33-3.49) and with liver cirrhosis (RR=4.45; 95% CI=2.23-8.87). Regular routine screening for TB among patients with liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be established to improve prevention and control of TB in endemic areas of TB and HIV.
Early Warning for Great Earthquakes From Characterization of Crustal Deformation Patterns With Deep Learning

Although infrequent, large (Mw7.5+) earthquakes can be extremely damaging and occur on subduction and intraplate faults worldwide. Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems aim to provide advanced warning before strong shaking and tsunami onsets. These systems estimate earthquake magnitude using the early metrics of waveforms, relying on empirical scaling relationships of abundant past events. However, both the rarity and complexity of great events make it challenging to characterize them, and EEW algorithms often underpredict magnitude and the resulting hazards. Here, we propose a model, M‐LARGE, that leverages deep learning to characterize crustal deformation patterns of large earthquakes for a specific region in real‐time. We demonstrate the algorithm in the Chilean Subduction Zone by training it with more than six million different simulated rupture scenarios recorded on the Chilean GNSS network. M‐LARGE performs reliable magnitude estimation on the testing data set with an accuracy of 99%. Furthermore, the model successfully predicts the magnitude of five real Chilean earthquakes that occurred in the last 11 years. These events were damaging, large enough to be recorded by the modern high rate global navigation satellite system instrument, and provide valuable ground truth. M‐LARGE tracks the evolution of the source process and can make faster and more accurate magnitude estimation, significantly outperforming other similar EEW algorithms. This is the first demonstration of our approach. Future work toward generalization is outstanding and will include the addition of more training and testing data, interfacing with existing EEW methods, and applying the method to different tectonic settings to explore performance in these regions.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY WITH SOME GROWTH STIMULANTS ON POTATO PLANTS UNDER DIFFERENT GROWING MEDIA

Under different substrate conditions, the suitability of four media with different mixtures of amino acids and vitamins on plant physical and chemical parameters, yield and quality of potato tubers were assessed. Mixture of tryptophan, methionine, riboflavin and vitamin C were tested at three concentrations. Among the four substrates, peatmoss + perlite treatment (1: 1 V) was the superior in terms of plant growth, yield, physical quality, leaf mineral contents and nutritional value of potato tubers. Applying mixture of tryptophan, methionine, riboflavin and vitamin C at 50 ppm for each one recorded the highest values of growth, physical quality, yield, leaf mineral contents i.e. N, P, K and nutritional value expressed as crude protein, P, K and total carbohydrates of potato tubers as compared with the other treatments. Moreover, the combined effect of peatmoss + perlite in spraying to tryptophan, methionine, riboflavin and vitamin C at 50 ppm for each recorded the highest values of the mentioned parameters.
When natural resources run out, market knowledge steps in: Lessons on natural resource deployment from a longitudinal study in a resource‐scarce region of Ethiopia

With the increasing scarcity of natural resources, the ability to maintain quality standards during resource-scarce times becomes more critical for business performance. Theories on managing resource scarcity cannot be easily tested in contexts where resources are still abundant. This study therefore turns to an emerging market context in which natural resource availability naturally varies strongly between seasons, namely, that of Ethiopian pastoralists who for many generations learned to adapt to natural resource scarcity. Central to our theory is the natural resource deployment capability, which is the ability of a business to make efficient and effective use of available resources to maintain business performance during resource-scarce times. Using three-wave longitudinal data from 120 pastoral family-based livestock businesses, the study shows that when resources are scarce or extremely scarce, market knowledge helps to better deploy the scarce natural resources, leading to higher product quality. The findings imply that businesses with a better understanding of markets have stronger natural resource deployment capability. The lesson for businesses that are confronted with approaching resource scarcity is therefore to strengthen their ability to deploy resources efficiently and effectively by strengthening their market knowledge in which such capability is rooted.
PrivacyFlash Pro: Automating Privacy Policy Generation for Mobile Apps

—Various privacy laws require mobile apps to have privacy policies. Questionnaire-based policy generators are intended to help developers with the task of policy creation. However, generated policies depend on the generators’ designs as well as developers’ abilities to correctly answer privacy questions on their apps. In this study we show that policies generated with popular policy generators are often not reﬂective of apps’ privacy practices. We believe that policy generation can be improved by supplementing the questionnaire-based approach with code analysis. We design and implement PrivacyFlash Pro, a privacy policy generator for iOS apps that leverages static analysis. PrivacyFlash Pro identiﬁes code signatures — composed of Plist permission strings, framework imports, class instantiations, authorization methods, and other evidence — that are mapped to privacy practices expressed in privacy policies. Resources from package managers are used to identify libraries. We tested PrivacyFlash Pro in a usability study with 40 iOS app developers and received promising results both in terms of reliably identifying apps’ privacy practices as well as on its usability. We measured an F-1 score of 0.95 for identifying permission uses. 24 of 40 developers rated PrivacyFlash Pro with at least 9 points on a scale of 0 to 10 for a Net Promoter Score of 42.5. The mean System Usability Score of 83.4 is close to excellent. We provide PrivacyFlash Pro as an open source project to the iOS developer community. In principle, our approach is platform-agnostic and adaptable to the Android and web platforms as well. To increase privacy transparency and reduce compliance issues we make the case for privacy policies as software development artifacts. Privacy policy creation should become a native extension of the software development process and adhere to the mental model of software developers.
The Impact of Nature,The Teaching And Learning Of Elementary Lessons IN Students 9-11 Years Old (Case Study: Shiraz Elementary Schools)

Article history Received: 28 June 2020 Accepted: 31 July 2020 Published Online: 31 January 2021 In today’s world some changes have been occurred in human lifestyle, these changes, along with the advantages, have led to a series of disadvantages including their disconnection with the nature. One of the most important areas to re-establish the relationship is the school. The presence of nature at schools, and holding some classes in nature, in addition to meeting the special needs of children causes their separation from those small and boring classes as well as their interest in courses . This study aimed to investigate the role of nature in children’s learning. For this purpose, third, fourth and fifth grade classes of 3 schools were held outside the school environment and in the nature in 5 courses. The study is a combinational research and field, indirect observation and library data collection methods were applied, where in the indirect observation, two types of questionnaires were prepared related to the students and teachers and were randomly distributed among 580 students and 50 elementary school teachers. Test reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and it was obtained to be 0.890. The results of this study indicate that the physical place as one of the factors in children’s learning has the maximum impact on teaching and learning of children. At the end of the study and by investigating the existing factors in the environment we understood that the expansion of the nature and natural light of it causes the students’ interest in lessons in nature.
Raman studies on rock-forming minerals. Part II. Minerals containing MO3, MO4, and MO6 groups

Raman spectra of a number of carbonate, phosphate, arsenate, vanadate, niobate, tantalate, sulphate, chromate, molybdate, and tungstate minerals have been measured over the range 140–1200 cm. –1(600–1600 cm.–1 for carbonates). The internal modes of the (MOn) groups in these minerals have been assigned, and the validity of factor group and site symmetry analyses discussed. The use of Raman spectroscopy for mineral studies is discussed.
Dam Breach Simulation with the Material Point Method

Dam embankment breaches caused by overtopping or internal erosion can impact both life and property downstream. It is important to accurately predict the amount of erosion, peak discharge, and the resulting downstream flow. This paper presents a new model based on the material point method to simulate soil and water interaction and predict failure rate parameters. The model assumes that the dam consists of a homogeneous embankment constructed with cohesive soil, and water inflow is defined by a hydrograph using other readily available reach routing software. The model uses continuum mixture theory to describe each phase where each species individually obeys the conservation of mass and momentum. A two-grid material point method is used to discretize the governing equations. The Drucker–Prager plastic flow model, combined with a Hencky strain-based hyperelasticity model, is used to compute soil stress. Water is modeled as a weakly compressible fluid. Analysis of the model demonstrates the efficacy of our approach for existing examples of overtopping dam breach, dam failures, and collisions. Simulation results from our model are compared with a physical-based breach model, WinDAM C. The new model can capture water and soil interaction at a finer granularity than WinDAM C. The new model gradually removes the granular material during the breach process. The impact of material properties on the dam breach process is also analyzed.
Specific heat calculations of III-N bulk materials

We have carried out calculations of the specific heat of the cubic and hexagonal phases of BN, AlN, GaN and InN by employing lattice dynamical results from an adiabatic bond charge model. While each phonon polarization branch contributes equally at high temperatures, it is found that the transverse acoustic branches contribute more at low temperatures. These results, which compare well with available experimental measurements, are used to test the applicability of the routinely employed Debye model based on an isotropic continuum dispersion scheme. The specific heat of the hexagonal phase is predicted to be higher than of the cubic phase at quite low temperatures. A trend in the variation of the specific heat across the sequence BN - AlN - GaN - InN has been established in terms of their molar masses. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal Political Career Dynamics ∗

We examine politicians’ career dynamics generated by political accountability, characterizing voter-optimal equilibrium play under repeated moral hazard. When moral hazard binds, equilibrium play is non-stationary: Re-election prospects improve with good performance and deteriorate with bad. First-term politicians are among the most electorally vulnerable and the hardest-working, and eﬀort and electoral vulnerability both tend to decline with tenure. These dynamics enable a detailed analysis of limited voter commitment, voluntary retirement from politics, and adverse selection with politicians’ ability and eﬀort being complementary. Our analysis highlights how a politician’s career is shaped by voters’ evolving “goodwill” toward her.
Availability of Intellectual Development Programmes in Primary School Libraries and Their Impact on Pupils’ Academic Performance

Intellectual development of children is initiated by education and library is one of the core aspects of education. Intellectual development is concerned with how various mental processes like attention span, reasoning, learning, remembering and problem-solving develop from birth until adulthood. Given this, there is a direct connection between the library resources and programmes and the ultimate development of the intellect of the child. This work understudied ten (10) selected private primary schools from South-East and South-South geopolitical zones of Nigeria to determine the available intellectual development programmes and resources of their libraries. The test scores of 300 pupils in six subjects were taken before and after intensive exposure to the intellectual development programmes to establish their effect on academic performance. The findings indicated the availability of such programmes as well as print resources for developing the pupils’ intellect but very few electronic resources. The one-sample T-test was employed to test the positive significant effect of available intellectual development programmes in improving pupils’ academic performance. The calculated value (24.28177) of the student t-test statistic is greater than the tabulated value (1.6715) at 0.05 level of significance and therefore rejected the null hypothesis that there’s no positive significant effect of available programmes in improving pupils’ academic performance cross all selected primary schools in the states. The findings of the study led to the conclusion that there is a significant positive impact of intellectual development programmes on pupils’ academic performance.
Endured efficacy of selective insecticides against rose thrips under tropical polyhouse condition

A polyhouse trial was conducted on four cut rose cultivars viz., Top Secret, Solaire, Sovereign and Avalanche with newer insecticide molecules under the tropical climatic condition to identify the endured efficacious compounds against phytophagous thrips. Experimental results revealed that in all four cultivars, imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.5 ml/lit produces statistically significant long-lasting fruitful effects by controlling thrips population (57.52% to 92.66% reduction over control), followed by spinosad 45 SC, clothianidin 50 WDG, and thiamethoxam 25 WG proved their efficacy. Treatments, days after spray, and their interaction effects reveal statistically significant difference in all four cultivars. Reduction of thrips over control was realized with all the treatments ranged between 49.78% 95.52 % in Top Secret (V1), 53.18 % 95.72 % in Solaire (V2), 58.08 % 94.21 % in Sovereign (V3) and 52.03 % 90.92 % in Avalanche (V4).