Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dual of Hardy spaces on a bounded domain in ℝ n

We obtain the dual spaces of local Hardy spaces Af (Ω) and hz(Q) for 0 < p < l on a bounded Lipschitz domain Ω. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 42B30 §0. Introduction The basic harmonic analysis on the Euclidean space IR" is well developed. The theories of fractional Integration and of singular integral operators, which are linked closely with the regularity of Solutions of constant coefficient elliptic partial differential operators, form a powerful collection of tools that can be used to attack a variety of problems. New spaces the real variable Hardy spaces of Stein-Weiss [SW1] and Fefferman-Stein [FS] and the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation (see Fefferman [F] and [FS]) have been developed, along with their interpolation-theoretic and mapping properties, to round out the "constant coefficient picture". The developments described in the last paragraph are closely tied with the groups that act naturally on Euclidean space: translations, rotations, and dilations. Indeed the profound impact that these groups have on the analysis of Euclidean space is one of the principal themes of the books written by Stein [Sl] and Stein-Weiss [SW2]. Since variable coefficient operators do not respect the action of these groups, the theory of pseudodifferential operators was developed, at least in part, s an extension of the theory of singular and fractional integrals in this more general setting (see Stein [S2] and Taylor [T]). However the corresponding fine structure provided by the new function spaces in the constant coefficient theory (particularly the spaces H and BMO) has been slow to evolve in this more general context. Research supported in part by NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship.
Validation of single- and two-equation models for transient mixed flows: a laboratory test case

ABSTRACT The numerical simulation of transient mixed flows requires suitable mathematical models that must be validated by comparison with experimental data. For this reason, a simple benchmark test case is proposed in this paper. A laboratory study was carried out in a circular conduit, specifically designed to induce a strong pipe filling bore and repeated regime transitions following the sudden opening of an internal gate. No gates or weirs were installed at the pipe ends, and ventilated conditions were guaranteed. Measurements of both pressure head and velocity are provided as supplementary material. The test case was simulated by using two finite volume shock-capturing schemes: a classic Preissmann slot model, and a recent two-equation model. In both cases, numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data, despite the low pressure wave celerity assumed to minimize spurious oscillations. When realistic celerity values are adopted, the two-equation model appears to be more robust in handling flow regime transitions.
Perception and knowledge of artificial intelligence in healthcare, therapy and diagnostics: A population-representative survey

Artificial intelligence (AI) is understood as a system's ability to correctly interpret and learn from data, and to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation to those learnings. Despite a broad range of available applications for artificial intelligence in medicine, healthcare professionals are reluctant to implement AI-powered devices. Data on the perception of medical AI in the German general public are currently rare. Therefore, two online surveys were conducted in 2021 in Germany to assess knowledge and perception of artificial intelligence in general and in medicine, including the handling of data in medicine. A total of 1,001 and 1,000 adults, respectively, participated in the surveys. The survey results stress the need to improve education and perception of medical AI applications by increasing awareness, highlighting the potentials, and ensuring compliance with guidelines and regulations to handle data protection. This survey provides first insights into this relevant topic within the German population.
Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan

Objective TB recurrence is the second episode of TB after initial treatment bringing about an additional 7% load in TB burden intensified by 17.7% of multidrug-resistant recurrent cases. It is necessary to curb recurrence so that attempts to deal with active disease can be made more effective. This study aimed to characterize sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with recurrent TB in a high-burden setting. Methodology. A retrospective case-control study was carried out at two hospitals in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. TB patients and controls were included in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire from all subjects. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with TB and TB recurrence respectively. Results In our study cohort, factors significantly associated with TB were low BMI (OR: 0.961 (CI 0.954–0.968), p < 0.001), female gender (OR: 2.065 (CI 1.922–2.219), p < 0.001), being single/unmarried (OR: 1.214 (CI 1.109–1.328), p=0.003), middle-income status (OR: 1.935 (CI 1.616–2.323), p < 0.001), smoking (OR: 1.567 (CI 1.435–1.710), p < 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.142 (CI 1.017–1.278), p=0.023). TB recurrence constituted 11.2% of patients presenting to the hospital. Compared with the first episode of TB, cases with recurrence were more likely to be older (OR: 1.011 (CI 1.004–1.017), p < 0.001), have disease awareness (OR: 1.906 (CI 1.486–2.437), p < 0.001), smear positive (OR: 2.384 (CI 1.650–3.536), p < 0.001), and be drug-resistant (OR: 5.615 (CI 4.265–7.386), p < 0.001). Conclusion In the present study cohort, low BMI, female gender, being single, middle-income status, being unemployed, smoking, and being diabetic came out to be the sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for TB. Further exploring the TB cases increasing age, drug resistance and smear positivity stood out to be the major sociodemographic and clinical factors of TB recurrence despite high disease awareness.
Salmon poisoning disease in dogs: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment

Abstract Salmon poisoning disease (SPD) is caused by a rickettsial organism, Neorickettsia helminthoeca, that is carried by the trematode Nanophyetus salmincola, which encysts in freshwater fish, most commonly salmonids. We reported two dogs from the United States West Coast that had similar clinical signs, hematologic and biochemistry findings. They were both diagnosed with salmon poisoning disease. Lymph node cytology showed morula formation, suggestive of N. helminthoeca organisms in macrophages, while the parasitological fecal test found ova of N. salmincola. The dogs were treated early and showed complete remission of clinical signs within a few days. Lymph node cytology and fecal parasitology are quick and low-cost tests that can be performed whenever SPD is suspected. SPD should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a canine patient with clinical signs of vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and lymphadenomegaly; laboratory findings of thrombocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia; and potential exposure to raw fish from the West Coast of the US or Southern Brazil. The earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the greater the chance of survival.
Association of smoking, p53 and Ki-67 immunomarkers with bladder neoplasms in tribal region of India

Objectives: Going back to the basics of urinary bladder neoplasms and correlation of histopathological diagnosis with age, sex, clinical features, smoking in tribal population of India in today’s day and age. Along with that we are also determining the role of p53 and Ki67 immunomarkers in grading and staging of Urinary Bladder Neoplasms and their correlation with history of smoking. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was done in a tertiary care hospital affiliated with medical college in tribal region of India. Total 72 cases of transurethral resection of bladder tumors and bladder biopsies were studied over a period of 2 years. The histopathological grading and staging was done according to the WHO/ISUP 2016 classification. The histopathological diagnosis was further correlated with age, sex, clinical features, and history of active smoking. Along with that immunomarkers p53 and Ki-67 were done and correlated with grading and staging of tumors and with history of smoking. The cut-off used was more than 20% positivity for high expression and < 20% for low expression. For descriptive, data median (Interquartile Range) and ratio were used. For categorical variables percentage (%), Fisher exact test and Chi-square test were used. Results were evaluated with SPSS software program. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 72 cases studied, 66 cases were neoplastic. Out of them, bladder neoplasms were common in age group of 41–60 years and there was a male preponderance. Most common clinical feature was hematuria. Smoking was not a risk factor for the development of bladder neoplasms but bladder neoplasms in smokers were associated with higher grading and staging. The most common neoplasm was High Grade Papillary Carcinoma (43.05%). Stage T1 and Stage T2 were seen in 3.03% and 27.8% of cases. P53 and Ki-67 immunomarkers showed higher expression in tumors of higher grade and stage. Conclusion: The take away from this study is bladder neoplasms that are quite versatile and histopathology is the gold standard to confirm these. However, p53and ki-67 gives important information regarding prognosis of tumors and helps in stratification of patients in high risk and low risk groups. Development of bladder carcinoma was independent of history of smoking; however, smoking is associated with higher grading and staging of bladder neoplasms and is also associated with higher expression of p53 and Ki-67 immunomarkers.
Modeling the Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 Transmission in K-12 Schools

Background. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spread across the world causing many waves of COVID-19. Children were at high risk of being exposed to the disease because they were not eligible for vaccination during the first 20 mo of the pandemic in the United States. While children 5 y and older are now eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in the United States, vaccination rates remain low despite most schools returning to in-person instruction. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are important for controlling the spread of COVID-19 in K-12 schools. US school districts used varied and layered mitigation strategies during the pandemic. The goal of this article is to analyze the impact of different NPIs on COVID-19 transmission within K-12 schools. Methods. We developed a deterministic stratified SEIR model that captures the role of social contacts between cohorts in disease transmission to estimate COVID-19 incidence under different NPIs including masks, random screening, contact reduction, school closures, and test-to-stay. We designed contact matrices to simulate the contact patterns between students and teachers within schools. We estimated the proportion of susceptible infected associated with each intervention over 1 semester under the Omicron variant. Results. We find that masks and reducing contacts can greatly reduce new infections among students. Weekly screening tests also have a positive impact on disease mitigation. While self-quarantining symptomatic infections and school closures are effective measures for decreasing semester-end infections, they increase absenteeism. Conclusion. The model provides a useful tool for evaluating the impact of a variety of NPIs on disease transmission in K-12 schools. While the model is tested under Omicron variant parameters in US K-12 schools, it can be adapted to study other populations under different disease settings. Highlights A stratified SEIR model was developed that captures the role of social contacts in K-12 schools to estimate COVID-19 transmission under different nonpharmaceutical interventions. While masks, random screening, contact reduction, school closures, and test-to-stay are all beneficial interventions, masks and contact reduction resulted in the greatest reduction in new infections among students from the tested scenarios. Layered interventions provide more benefits than implementing interventions independently.
Suicidal Ideation and Its Associated Factors in Medical, Dental, and Pharmacy Students: A Cross-Sectional Study during COVID-19 Pandemic

Objectives This study is aimed at comparing the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Iranian medical, dental, and pharmacy students and determining the demographic and basic characteristics and mental and psychological issues associated with suicidal ideation in these students. Methods This cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the 2020-2021 academic year on medical, dental, and pharmacy students studying at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). The questionnaire consisted of six sections: Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), UCLA loneliness scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), and a questionnaire that was designed to evaluate students' family history, current psychological status, and basic and demographic characteristics. Results In total, 419 students participated in our study, with 133 (31.7%) being medical students, 85 (20.3%) being pharmacy students, and 201 (48%) being dental students. In our study, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was 32%. Family history of psychological issues (OR = 2.186, P =0.012), current or past smoking (OR = 2.155, P = 0.01), parents not living together (OR = 2.512, P = 0.046), and satisfaction with the current field (OR = 0.51, P < 0.001) were all independently associated with the presence of suicidal ideation. Also, higher scores in BHS (OR = 1.167, P < 0.001), PSS (OR = 1.081, P = 0.001), and UCLA loneliness scale (OR = 1.057, P < 0.001) were independently associated with a higher risk of suicidal ideation. Conclusion The prevalence of suicidal ideation among Iranian medical, dental, and pharmacy students is relatively high and has increased during recent years, which needs emergent action.
Development and Validation of a Tool to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Women Towards Screening Mammography

Background Breast cancer is a major public health concern in both developing and developed countries. The mortality rate of breast cancer is high in India due to late detection, and lack of knowledge about the screening mammography. The objective of this study was to develop and establish the psychometric properties of the tool. Method A qualitative method was used to carry out the development and validation of a tool to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of women towards screening mammography using a cross-sectional study design. Data analyzed using the SPSS 16 were descriptive, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to standardize the tool. Results The pilot test, content validity, and internal consistency reliability of the final 25 items were found to be highly adequate. Intra- class correlations of this questionnaire were considered acceptable. Cronbach's alpha score was 0.825. Conclusion A valid scale has been developed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and perception of women toward screening mammography. The scale is adequately responsive to test the knowledge and possesses strong internal consistency. Lack of knowledge among the general population about the screening mammography. It is recommended to conduct an educational program to enhance knowledge about screening mammography. The questionnaires can be used for evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and perception of women toward screening mammography. Broadening the concept for further questionnaires tool development of knowledge, attitude, and perception of women towards screening mammography in other geographical areas.
Dynamic stiffness for thin-walled structures by power series

The dynamic stiffness method is introduced to analyze thin-walled structures including thin-walled straight beams and spatial twisted helix beam. A dynamic stiffness matrix is formed by using frequency dependent shape functions which are exact solutions of the governing differential equations. With the obtained thin-walled beam dynamic stiffness matrices, the thin-walled frame dynamic stiffness matrix can also be formulated by satisfying the required displacements compatibility and forces equilibrium, a method which is similar to the finite element method (FEM). Then the thin-walled structure natural frequencies can be found by equating the determinant of the system dynamic stiffness matrix to zero. By this way, just one element and several elements can exactly predict many modes of a thin-walled beam and a spatial thin-walled frame, respectively. Several cases are studied and the results are compared with the existing solutions of other methods. The natural frequencies and buckling loads of these thin-walled structures are computed.
Factors affecting the choice of dermatology as a specialty by medical students: Data from 28 KSA medical schools

Objectives: Choosing a future career path is a very important decision for undergraduate medical students. Determining the factors that affect specialty choices is essential to attaining a balanced distribution. Dermatology is known to be one of the most appealing and highly competitive specialties. The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the choice of dermatology as a future career by medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 28 medical schools throughout Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was prepared following a literature search of relevant studies and was distributed electronically to medical students and interns. The self-administered questionnaire included sociodemographic data, interest in dermatology as a future career, and factors that may affect specialty choices. Results: The study included 1087 participants. Sixty percent were female, and 39% were male. Approximately half of the participants considered dermatology as their preferred specialty. We found that 53.6% of females were more interested in dermatology. Students who were exposed to dermatology in both pre-clinical and clinical years showed greater interest. Personal interest, lifestyle/flexible work schedule, and private sector opportunities were the most captivating factors. Personal interest and high competition in dermatology residency program matching were the main factors among students who did not consider dermatology as a future career choice. Conclusions: Several factors are influencing medical students when choosing dermatology as their future specialty; the lifestyle/flexible work schedule and personal interest were the most attractive factors. Recognizing these factors could be a useful tool that may lead mentors and residency training program directors to reach a balanced distribution of doctors in the various specialties.
A cross-tabulated analysis for the influence of climate conditions on the incidence of dengue fever in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia during 2006–2009

Objective: Increased temperature and humidity across the world and emergence of mosquito-borne diseases, notably dengue both continue to present public health problems, but their relationship is not clear as conflicting evidence abound on the association between climate conditions and risk of dengue fever. This characterization is important as mitigation of climate change-related variables will contribute toward efficient planning of health services. The purpose of this study was to determine whether humidity in addition to high temperatures increase the risk of dengue transmission. Methods: We have assessed the joint association between temperature and humidity with the incidence of dengue fever at Jeddah City in Saudi Arabia. We obtained weekly data from Jeddah City on temperature and humidity between 2006 and 2009 for 200 weeks starting week 1/2006 and ending week 53/2009. We also collected incident case data on dengue fever in Jeddah City. Results: The cross-tabulated analysis showed an association between temperature or humidity conditions and incident cases of dengue. Our data found that hot and dry conditions were associated with a high risk of dengue incidence in Jeddah City. Conclusion: Hot and dry conditions are risk factors for dengue fever.
Hot electron studies in the Minimafios ECR ion source

The experimental data obtained by three different measurements related to the hot electron population involved in ion stripping in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS), i.e., electron cyclotron emission, bremsstrahlung x‐ray radiation, and diamagnetism are presented and shortly discussed. The volume‐averaged electron energy essentially depends upon the working pressure, and does not vary much with the rf power, at least above 200 W. The main effect of increasing the rf power is to raise the electron density.
Distance estimates and pointwise bounded density

Let U be a bounded open subset of the complex plane, and let H be a closed subalgebra of H ((/), the bounded analytic functions on U. If E is a subset of dU, let Lp be the algebra of all bounded continuous functions on U which extend continuously to E, and set H E = H Pi L„. This paper relates distance estimates of the form d(h, H) = d(h, H E), for all h £ L „, to pointwise bounded density of HF in H. There is also a discussion of the linear space H + Lp, which turns out often to be a closed algebra.
Slow motion bias: Exploring the relation between time overestimation and increased perceived intentionality

Recent research on time perception has revealed that actions which are replayed in slow motion are perceived to take longer and rated to be more intentional (e.g., foul plays). Interestingly, the bias on duration estimations seems to disappear when information on the slow motion factor (i.e., the degree the video was slowed down) was provided. Here, we scrutinize the question whether also the intentionality bias disappears when explicit information about the slow motion factor is provided. To this end, two groups watched the same video clips, all displaying foul situations in a basketball match, in different video speeds. While the uninformed group saw the videos without further information, the informed group received additional information about the current slow motion factor. This study replicated the overestimation of original duration with increasing slow motion and indicated that this effect might be reduced when information about the slow motion factor is provided. However, despite generally lower intentionality ratings in the informed group, video speed information was not able to reduce the rise in intentionality ratings with increasing slow motion. Potential reasons and open questions regarding the nature and mechanisms behind these perceptual temporal biases (e.g., different time processing systems) are discussed.
Local versus Systemic Therapy for Noninfectious Uveitis (NIU)

ABSTRACT The mainstay of treatment for noninfectious uveitis (NIU) is immunosuppressant therapy. This may come in a localized form that is administered specifically to the eye or a systemic form that penetrates ocular tissues. Over the last twenty years, both local and systemic treatments have undergone advancements in pharmaceutical development. In this review, we will discuss new therapies and analyze the risks and benefits for all existing NIU therapies. Some of these therapies include topical, intravitreal, periocular, and systemic steroids, as well as systemic antimetabolites, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, T-cell inhibitors, anti-CD 20 agents, interleukin-6 inhibitors, alkylating agents, and intravenous immunoglobulin.