Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sclerorhachis Platyrachis (Boiss.) Podlech Ex Rech. F.: an Indigenous Medicinal Plant from Northeastern Iran; Essential Oil Composition, Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity

: In this study, the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Sclerorhachis platyrachis (Boiss.) Podlech ex Rech. f. (Compositae), growing wild in Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi Province (Iran), was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The total yield of volatiles was 0.38% (w/w). Sixty- three compounds representing 89.2% of the aerial parts oil were identified. The main components of the oil were β-pinene (17.5%) and γ-terpinene (15.4%). The oil was rich in monoterpenoids, and among them, monoterpene hydrocarbons (48.7%) predominated over oxygenated monoterpenes (11.8%). The total flavonoid content of different extracts of the plant was in the range 52.4-172.3 mg/g, with the maximum amount being in the methanol extract. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were also measured based on radical scavenging activity of antioxidants using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed that IC 50 values of extracts of S. platyrachis are higher than for the standard synthetic antioxidants, BHT, ascorbic acid and gallic acid.
Über ternäre Thalliumchalkogenide mit Thalliumselenidstruktur

Mit Hilfe von rontgenographischen Einkristalluntersuchungen wurde bestatigt, das die Verbindungen TlGaTe2, TlInSe2 und TlInTe2 im TISe-Typ (B37) kristallisieren. Thallium ist darin als 1wertiges Kation von acht Chalkogenatomen umgeben, Gallium und Indium liegen 3wertig mit tetraedrischer Koordination und kovalenter Bindung vor. Dio interatomaren Abstande sowie die sich daraus ergebenden Koordinations- und Bindungsverhaltnisse werden diskutiert. On Ternary Thallium Chalcogenides with Thallium Selenide Structure. By means of single crystal investigations, it has been confirmed that the compounds TlGaTe2, TIInSe2, and TIInTe2 crystallize in the TISe type (B37). As an univalent cation thallium is surrounded by eight chalcogen atoms. Gallium and indium are trivalent with tetrahedral coordination and covalent bonds. The interatomic distances as well as coordination and bonding resulting from them are discussed.
High frequencies in African and non-African populations of independent mutations in the mannose binding protein gene

We have previously identified, in three British families having an index child with frequent infections, a point mutation (GGC-->GAC) in codon 54 of exon 1 of the gene for the human lectin mannose binding protein (MBP). This was associated with low serum levels of this complement activating protein and would be anticipated to impair opsonization of mannose rich microorganisms. We now report a second point mutation (GGA-->GAA) in Gambians from West Africa, involving codon 57 of exon 1. By substituting carboxylic acids for axial glycines in the translated proteins both mutations would be expected to disrupt the secondary structure of the collagenous triple helix of the 96 kDa MBP subunits. In the Gambians the codon 57 mutation was studied by PCR, sequence analysis and restriction analysis and found to be remarkably common (frequency of the mutant gene 0.29 in adults and 0.23 in newborns) whereas the codon 54 mutation was very rare (frequency 0.003). However, the codon 54 mutation was frequent in both a British Caucasian and a Hong Kong Chinese population (frequency of the mutant gene 0.17 and 0.11 respectively). It was predicted that both homozygous and heterozygous individuals would have profoundly reduced serum levels of the protein and this was confirmed by immunoassay as was the reduced capacity of such sera to activate complement through the MBP initiated classical pathway. Our data indicate that the two mutations have arisen independently since the divergence of African and non African populations and both have attained high frequencies.
Future-Event Schemas and Certainty About the Future: Automaticity in Depressives' Future-Event Predictions

The proposition was tested that depressives make predictions about the future based on a pessimistic future-event schema. Participants varying in depression predicted whether positive and negative events would happen to them (or to an average person) in the future by pressing yes or no at a computer terminal as quickly as possible, either under a concurrent attentional load or under no such load. As hypothesized, depressives predicted more negative events and fewer positive events than did mild depressives or nondepressives and showed greater automaticity in their predictions. That is, the attentional load did not increase depressives' response latencies for either negative or positive events, even though it did so reliably for both mildly depressed and nondepressed individuals. Depressives may thus possess a highly developed future-event schema that operates efficiently in enabling future-event predictions.
Cannabinoids and the Brain

The cannabinoid system in the brain is targetted in the use and abuse of preparations from the Cannabis plant. This system is composed of synthetic enzymes for the endogenous lipid-derived ligands, the cannabinoid receptors they activate and the enzymes which transform them. These endocannabinoids are amides, such as anandamide, or esters, such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol, whose primary target in the central nervous system is the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor expressed to unusually high levels. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) appears to be the sole psychoactive entity present in Cannabis plant, which elicits the characteristic responses in man and animals. The pharmacology and biochemistry of the endocannabinoid system has been thoroughly investigated since the identification of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. As yet, however, the translation of this knowledge into a clinical setting has been of limited success. Key Concepts: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol appears to be the major psychoactive agent present in the Cannabis plant. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol acts as a partial agonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. CB1 cannabinoid receptors appear to be the most densely expressed G protein-coupled receptors in the brain. CB1 cannabinoid receptors couple functionally to an inhibition of transmitter release. CB2 cannabinoid receptors are primarily associated with the immune system, but may also be found in the CNS. Endogenous cannabinoids, termed endocannabinoids, are fatty acid derivatives. Endocannabinoids are not stored in vesicles, but rather are made on demand. Endocannabinoid production is involved in two neurophysiological phenomena, termed depolarisation-evoked suppression of excitation (DSE) and depolarisation-evoked suppression of inhibition (DSI). Endocannabinoids may also act at particular ligand-gated ion channels (notably the TRPV1 vanilloid receptor) and nuclear hormone receptors (notably peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors). Keywords: cannabis; CB1 cannabinoid receptors; tetrahydrocannabinol; anandamide; 2-arachidonoylglycerol; fatty acid amide hydrolase; monoacylglycerol lipase
Teacher Benefits from Using Impromptu Writing Prompts in Algebra Classes

The purpose of this study was to examine the benefits to teachers who used impromptu writing prompts in firstand second-year algebra classes. The study attempted to answer two questions: (a) What can teachers learn about their students' understanding of school mathematics from reading their responses to in-class, impromptu writing prompts; and, (b) Are instructional practices influenced as a result of reading students' responses to in-class, impromptu writing prompts? An interpretive research methodology was used to collect and analyze data. The researchers concluded that the teachers' assessment of students' understanding of school mathematics was enhanced by reading their students' responses to impromptu writing prompts, and that the teachers in the study perceived that their instructional practices were influenced as a result of reading their students' responses to impromptu writing prompts.
Short-term effects of sildenafil in the treatment of dogs with pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease

Background and Aim: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, has effects in reducing pulmonary arterial pressure by selectively dilating pulmonary vessels. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of sildenafil in combination with conventional therapy in dogs with PH caused by DMVD. Materials and Methods: Fourteen dogs diagnosed with PH secondary to DMVD Stage C on conventional therapy were randomly assigned to placebo (n=7) and sildenafil (n=7) groups. On day 0, the recruited dogs underwent physical examinations, clinical score assessments, electrocardiography, systolic blood pressure measurements, blood collection, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography for baseline. The dogs then received a combination of conventional therapy with sildenafil or placebo every 8 h for 1 week. On day 7, all dogs underwent the baseline evaluations again. Results: The sildenafil group experienced a significant decrease in estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) (p=0.043) from day 0 to day 7. Moreover, the total clinical scores were decreased in dogs treated with sildenafil relative to those who received the placebo (p=0.007); however, the lung scores were not different between before and after treatment with sildenafil. Conclusion: Sildenafil had a synergistic effect with conventional therapy in reducing the estimated sPAP and clinical scores in dogs with PH secondary to DMVD.
Association of BoLA DRB3 gene polymorphisms with BoHV-1 infection and zootechnical traits

Background: The dairy sector is one of the leading in agricultural production sectors in the world and the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an important pathogen that causes great losses in most production systems. Moreover, BoLA DRB3 immunological gene presents different alleles related to protection against many pathogens. Methods: Serological diagnosis was carried out to determine the BoHV-1 infection and through PCR-RFLP 506 Holstein cows from several municipalities of Antioquia were genotyped for BoLA DRB3.2 gene polymorphisms. Results: Alleles 8, 16, 22, and 24 were the most common out of the 42 alleles found. By indirect ELISA technique, a 58.7% prevalence of BoHV-1 infection in this population was diagnosed and Odd ratios for found alleles were calculated by logistic regression; the only significant association was held for allele 37, which showed that it effects confers susceptibility to infection. On the other hand, by using generalized linear models, a significant association between BoLA DRB3.2 gene and milk and fat yield in primiparous and services per conception in multiparous was found, with the most favorable alleles being 11 and 28 in primiparous and 22 and 28 in multiparous; allele 37 was unfavorable only in primiparous. Conclusion: BoLA DRB3.2 gene polymorphisms have shown high variability and significant effects on Holstein cattle and their performance in production systems in Antioquia are at both sanitary or health and productive levels.
Isolation of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus harboring seb gene and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (serogroups O18, O114, and O125) from soft and hard artisanal cheeses in Egypt

Background: Soft and hard artisanal cheeses are regularly consumed in Egypt. These products are usually processed from raw milk which may harbor many pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Aim: To evaluate the safety of some artisanal cheeses in Egypt, such as Ras, Domiati, and Mish, through chemical and microbiological examination. Methods: One hundred and fifty random samples of traditional Ras, Domiati, and Mish cheeses (50 each) were microbiologically and chemically analyzed. Counts of total bacteria, presumptive coliform, staphylococci, yeast, and mold were estimated. Furthermore, isolation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was performed, followed by PCR confirmation; isolates of E. coli were examined for the presence of virulence genes; on the other hand, the detection of the five classical enterotoxin genes of S. aureus was performed using multiplex PCR. Regarding chemical analysis, moisture, salt, and acidity content were measured. Correlations between chemical and microbial findings were investigated. Results: Mean counts of total bacteria, presumptive coliform, staphylococci, yeast, and mold were (2 × 108, 3 × 106 and 1 × 107 ), (3 × 105, 5 × 10 and 5 × 102), (1 × 106, 4 × 105and 1 × 105), (3 × 105, 1 × 105 and 5 × 105), and (7 × 103, 4 × 103 and 3 × 104) for Ras, Domiati and Mish cheeses, respectively. Serological identification of suspected E. coli revealed that E. coli O125 was isolated from Ras and Domiati samples, E. coli O18 was recovered from Ras samples, while E. coli O114 was isolated from Mish samples. PCR results revealed that all detected isolates of E. coli were positive for both iss (increased serum survival) and fimH (type 1 fimbriae) genes. Concerning isolated S. aureus, all examined products were harboring S. aureus enterotoxigenic strains, with seb and sed genes being the most common. The mean values of moisture, salt, and acidity were (30.03, 56.44, and 58.70), (3.30, 6.63, and 7.56) and (0.65, 0.68, and 0.50) for Ras, Domiati, and Mish cheeses, respectively. Conclusion: Enterotoxigenic S. aureus harboring seb gene and enteropathogenic E. coli (serogroups O18, O114, and O125) were frequently isolated from soft and hard artisanal cheeses in Egypt. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be applied during their manufacture, handing, and distribution.
Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and other verotoxin-producing E. coli in healthy Indian cattle

Background and Aim: Cattle are the main reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC); therefore, there is an increased risk of infection to humans by either direct or indirect mode of transmissions. However, the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in the healthy cattle population of India is yet to be ascertained. This study aimed to screen the dairy cattle in and around Pune, Maharashtra, India, for verotoxin-producing E. coli O157:H7. Materials and Methods: A total of 257 rectal swabs were collected from 15 different organized and unorganized dairy farms of Pune during the period, January-March 2015. The screening involved enrichment in EC broth followed by differential identification on MacConkey sorbitol agar. The presumptive positive isolates were further confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific to rfbE (O157), fliC (H7), VT1 (MK1), and VT2 (MK2). Vero-toxicity and antibiotic sensitivity were examined in PCR confirmed isolates. Results: Out of the 257 samples analyzed, 1.9% (2/105) were positive for O157:H7 and 39% (41/105) were positive for VTEC. Two PCR confirmed positive O157:H7 strains and two randomly selected PCR-positive VT strains exhibited in vitro cytopathic effect on Vero cells on day-7 post-inoculation. Antibiotic sensitivity profiling of O157:H7 strains exhibited resistance against penicillin G, kanamycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamycin, cefotaxime, streptomycin, and piperacillin. Conclusion: These findings reveal the presence of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 in the healthy cattle of Pune; in a situation, wherein regular surveillance for O157:H7 is not a norm. Therefore, the findings presented herein warrant routine surveillance and public awareness to prevent the transfer of such pathogens and manage health risks to the public.
Maternal Labor Supply and Children's Cognitive Development

This paper analyzes the relationship between maternal labor supply and children's cognitive development, using a sample of three- and four-year-old children of female respondents from the 1986 National Longitudinal Surveys Youth Cohort (NLSY). Respondents in the NLSY were aged 21 to 29 in 1986; thus our sample consists of children of relatively young mothers. We show that for this group the impact of maternal labor supply depends upon when it occurs. Maternal employment is found to have a negative impact when it occurs during the first year of the child's life and a potentially offsetting positive effect when it occurs during the second and subsequent years. We find some evidence that boys are more sensitive to maternal labor supply than girls though the gender difference is not significant. The negative first-year effect is not mitigated to any great extent by the increased maternal income that accompanies it, though the increase in maternal income does appears to play an important role in producing the positive effect in the second and later years.
Categorical discrimination and generalization in pigeons all negative stimuli are not created equal

Three experiments investigated categorical discrimination and generalization in pigeons. Multiple fixed interval-extinction training was conducted with a pool of 48 different negative discriminative stimuli (12 slides each of people, flowers, cars, and chairs). The most errors were committed to negative stimuli (S−s) from the same category as the 12 positive stimulus (S+) slides
New approaches for the synthesis of unusual amino acids

The thermal and metal-catalysed aza-Claisen rearrangement of allylic trichlororacetimidates has found widespread application in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing molecules including alkaloids, antibiotics and unnatural amino acids. We have recently investigated the use of this reaction for the rearrangement of chiral molecules. This has led to the development of a highly diastereoselective, ether-directed palladium(II)-catalysed process which has been used for the synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids. To expand the scope and understanding of the rearrangement, a number of analogues of 1 have been synthesised and subjected to a palladium(II)-catalysed rearrangement. Gizzerosine ((S)-2-amino-9-(4-imidazolyl)-7-azanonanoic acid) is a potent agonist for the H2-receptor. It brings about gizzard erosion and ulceration in broiler chickens. This disease is colloquially known as ‘Black Vomit’ due to bleeding of lesions and subsequent regurgitation. Its biological profile suggests it could be a promising drug candidate for gastric achlorhydria and osteoporosis, although only small amounts can be isolated from fish meal for biological studies. A short and highly efficient synthesis has been developed in ten steps and 31% overall yield. Protein-protein inteactions are the key to organising cellular processes in space and time. Protein-protein interactions are involved in viral fusion and so are promising targets for anti-viral drugs. Photoactivatable amino acids have been used to identify these interactions. Activation by ultraviolet light induces covalent cross-linking (known as photo cross-linking) of the interacting proteins which can be detected with high specificity by simple western blotting. Significant progress has been made towards the development of a stereoselective synthesis of photoactivatable amino acids incorporating a diazirine ring, such as photo-leucine, which generate a reactive carbene after the light induced loss of nitrogen.
An Overview of Research on Cooperative Learning Related to Mathematics.

Increased use of cooperative learning methods is one of the most visible changes in (mathematics) education in the last decade. To illustrate, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics has promoted cooperative work in its two recent Standards documents (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM], 1989, 1991), and the entire December 1989 issue of Educational Leadership (Brandt, 1989) was devoted to cooperative learning. Given all this attention, it seems reasonable to ask what research evidence there is concerning the various types of cooperative learning, their effect on achievement, and their effect on other aspects of student learning. Cooperative learning is generally understood to be learning that takes place in an environment where students in small groups share ideas and work collaboratively to complete academic tasks. However, such a general definition overlooks the fact that there are actually a number of different models for cooperative learning, models that vary considerably in their assumptions about the nature of learning and about the roles of teachers and students in the classroom (Sharan, 1990). Care must be taken in interpreting cooperative learning research because the term can be used in so many different ways. For example, cooperative work in mathematics can be used in conjunction with practice of skills, discovery learning, laboratory investigation and data collection, group discussion of concepts, and problem solving. Cooperative work has also been combined with computer-related instruction, peer tutoring, remedial work, review, brainstorming, and even group testing.
Counselor and client verbal response mode changes during initial counseling sessions

The verbal behaviors of 4 male and 4 female beginning counselor trainees and their clients were analyzed with the Classification System for Counseling Responses (CSCR). Differences in the frequency with which counselors and clients used a variety of verbal response modes were examined with regard to segments of time within initial counseling interviews. Results provided limited support for the hypothesis that counselor trainees would show significant differences in the types of verbal responses used across thirds of sessions. Three statistically significant, linear trends in counselor responses were observed, providing some evidence for discriminations in the timing of verbal interventions by beginning counselors. Implications of these findings, as well as important methodological issues and suggestions for future research, are discussed. Numerous authors have suggested that a vital consideration in the development of counselor expertise is a sensitivity to issues related to timing of verbal intervention strategies as well as to the transitions between such interventions (e.g., Cormier & Cormier, 1979; Hammond, Hepworth, & Smith, 1977; Ivey, 1988; Moursand, 1990). For example, Egan (1982) differentiated between the skills recommended for the initial problem-clarification stage of helping interventions and those skills required in the later stages of goal setting and facilitating action. Skills necessary for initial problem identification include attending, listening actively, and using probes in gathering information. The goal-setting and action-facilitation processes often require more advanced counselor skills such as information sharing, advanced accurate empathy, confrontation, interpretation, and self-disclosure. We recognized that counselors build a repertoire of skills over time and with practice; accordingly, we would expect beginning counselors to have a more limited command of helping skills than those counselors with more training and experience. Introductory practicum courses such as the one from which the counselors in this study were recruited often introduce students to issues of timing in the management of a 50-min