Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consommation alimentaire des ménages et déterminants de la diversité alimentaire : cas de quatre communes dans la région du Nord, Burkina Faso

Une alimentation diversifiee est necessaire pour apporter a l’organisme l’essentiel des nutriments dont il a besoin pour son fonctionnement. L’objectif de ce travail a ete d’evaluer la consommation alimentaire des menages dans la partie Nord du Burkina Faso et d’identifier les determinants de la diversite alimentaire. L’evaluation de la diversite alimentaire a ete realisee a partir du calcul du score de diversite alimentaire des menages a l’aide de l’outil RHoMIS (Rural Household Multiple Indicator Survey). Une enquete a ete conduite aupres de 300 menages pour caracteriser le profil socio-economique et la consommation alimentaire au sein de ces menages. La valeur moyenne du score de diversite alimentaire des menages pour une periode de reference de 7 jours, a ete de 7,3 (0,1) durant la periode favorable et de 5,7 (0,1) durant la periode de soudure. Les cereales ont constitue l’aliment energetique de base et le niebe a represente l’essentiel des aliments proteiques, la consommation des produits d’origine animale etant faible. Les resultats montrent que le nombre de cultures produites par le menage et les revenus agricoles ne sont pas positivement associes a la diversite alimentaire elevee. Seul le revenu provenant de l’orpaillage est associe positivement a une diversite alimentaire elevee. © 2018 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Diversite alimentaire, determinants, sources de revenu, systeme agro-pastoral, Burkina Faso English Title: Household food diversity and animal-source foods consumption in Burkina Faso: case of three communes in Yatenga at North of the country English Abstract A diversified diet is necessary to provide essential nutrients which the body needs for its functioning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dietary consumption of households in the Northern part of Burkina Faso and to identify the determinants of dietary diversity. Household dietary diversity was assessed by calculating household dietary diversity score (HDDS). Three hundred households were surveyed in six communities in Northern Region of Burkina Faso to characterize the socio-economic profile and food consumption of the surveyed households. A HDDS was constructed according to the Rural Household Multiple Indicator Survey (RHoMIS). The HDDS was seven food groups during the normal period and about six food groups (5.7±0.1) during the difficult food period. Cereals were the staple food and cowpea provided most of the dietary protein as the consumption of animal products was generally low. The results of the regression model show that the number of food crops produced and farmers' farm cash receipts are not positively associated with high dietary diversity. Only income from gold mining contributed significantly to household dietary diversity. © 2018 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Dietary diversity, food types, income sources, agro-pastoral system, Burkina Faso
Anomalous Adsorption of PFAS at the Thin‐Water‐Film Air‐Water Interface in Water‐Unsaturated Porous Media

Per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are interfacially‐active contaminants that adsorb at air‐water interfaces (AWIs). Water‐unsaturated soils have abundant AWIs, which generally consist of two types: one is associated with the pendular rings of water between soil grains (i.e., bulk AWI) and the other arises from the thin water films covering the soil grains. To date, the two types of AWIs have been treated the same when modeling PFAS retention in vadose zones. However, the presence of electrical double layers of soil grain surfaces and the subsequently modified chemical potential of PFAS at the AWI may significantly change the PFAS adsorption at the thin‐water‐film AWI relative to that at the bulk AWI. Given that thin water films contribute to over 90% of AWIs in the vadose zone under many field‐relevant wetting conditions, it is critical to quantify the potential anomalous adsorption of PFAS at the thin‐water‐film AWI. We develop a thermodynamic‐based mathematical model to quantify this anomalous adsorption. The model couples the chemical equilibrium of PFAS with the Poisson‐Boltzmann equation that governs the distribution of electrical potential in a thin water film. Our model analyses suggest that PFAS adsorption at thin‐water‐film AWI can deviate significantly (up to 82%) from that at bulk AWIs. The deviation increases for lower porewater ionic strength, thinner water film, and higher soil grain surface charge. These results highlight the importance of accounting for the anomalous adsorption of PFAS at the thin‐water‐film AWI when modeling PFAS fate and transport in the vadose zone.
Spirituality in Cheating Behavior: Evidence from Accounting Department Online Learning

COVID19 has penetrated into the joints of people's lives in the world. It shifts how society lives as a whole and learning process is one of the aspects that practically changed. Conventional learning switches over to online learning and as the consequences academic fraud behavior soaring. This paper aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of pressure, capability, opportunity, rationalization and moderation effect of spirituality to academic fraud during online learning. This research is held in University of Trunojoyo Madura specifically accounting department. The subject of this study is college student in accounting department. Data obtained from deployment of online questionnaire, is processed with statistical tool namely SPSS. From the result it can be concluded that pressure, capability andopportunity positively and significantly affect academic fraud during online learning but rationalization not. In contrast, spirituality as independent and moderating variable not significantly affect academic fraud during online learning. The findings support fraud diamond theory partly but not social cognitive theory. This study offers some valuable knowledge, first the factor in fraud diamond theory such as pressure, capability, opportunity indeed enforce student to cheating. Second, spirituality is not negating academic fraud, so it gives insight to lecturer to improve the system in assignment and exam because student always tend to cheat when there is opportunity
Improvement of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis through a combination of Astragalus radix and Angelica sinensis radix via mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway-induced autophagy in rat

Background There is a major need for effective, well-tolerated treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in clinic. Astragalus radix (AR; Huangqi) and Angelica sinensis radix (AS; Danggui) have been frequently used in the treatment of IPF. This study aimed to reveal the pharmacological effects and the mechanisms of the action of an AR-AS combination in treating IPF. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=5): control, bleomycin (BLM) model, AR, AS, AR + AS, and prednisone (PDN) groups. A transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced MRC-5 cell model were also used. Pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy were evaluated by performing hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, and hydroxyproline assay following the treatment of AR, AS, and the AR-AS herb pair. Results Rats administered the AR-AS herb pair had lower α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, fibronectin, and vimentin levels in lung tissues, and lower inflammatory cytokine levels in rat serum. In addition, the AR-AS herb pair induced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated autophagy and reduced oxidative stress in BLM-induced rats. The effects of the AR and AS combination were confirmed in MRC-5 cells treated with TGF-β1. Specifically, the combination of AR and AS attenuated MRC-5 cell fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress while inducing autophagy. Conclusions The combination of AR and AS protects against IPF by inducing autophagy via inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway. The synergistic action of AR and AS is superior to that of either AR or AS alone.
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND INNOVATION AS A STRATEGIC BUSINESS RESILIENCE EFFORT FOR BATIK AND WEAVING BUSINESS ACTORS

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors affecting economic resilience in the batik and weaving SME industry in Indonesia, focusing on Pekalongan Batik, Yogyakarta Batik, and Tenun Sengkang. Theoretical Reference: This study integrates National Resilience Theory and Resource-Based View (RBV) to form a robust basis for business resilience, emphasizing community empowerment and innovation. Community empowerment builds batik and weaving businesses on skilled human resources, while innovation facilitates adaptation and growth. Together, they address external challenges like global competition and shifting consumer preferences, enhancing the resilience of batik and weaving enterprises. Method: The research method used was a qualitative approach with descriptive data collection through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The focus of this research is on empowerment and innovation in SMEs of Pekalongan Batik, Yogyakarta Batik, and Sengkang Weaving in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi. Results and Conclusion: The study reveals that batik and weaving entrepreneurs highly value competitor analysis and the adoption of competitive best practices. Government support through community empowerment initiatives is vital for industry growth, offering crucial assistance such as training, education, and market expansion. Continuous community empowerment and regular program evaluations are essential. Effective collaboration among government, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders is key to fostering a supportive business environment, significantly enhancing the batik and weaving sector's development and overall welfare. Implication of Research: Effective community empowerment hinges on the collaboration among government, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders, ensuring planning, implementation, and evaluation involve all parties. This approach fosters synergies and enhances program effectiveness. Involving entrepreneurs in decision-making tailors programs to actual business needs, while government should ensure entrepreneurs have access to necessary training and education. Orginality Value: This study introduces novel aspects by focusing on the batik and weaving SMEs in Indonesia's specific regions (Pekalongan, Yogyakarta, Sengkang), offering detailed insights into their unique challenges and potentials. It employs a comprehensive approach to business transformation, considering marketing, technology, entrepreneurship, and other performance-related factors, thus providing a wider view on industry development. Additionally, it emphasizes the government's role in fostering a supportive business ecosystem through community empowerment initiatives and highlights the significance of government support, training, education, and collaboration for industry advancement.
Agricultural landscape composition alters ant communities in maize fields more than plant diversity enrichment

Abstract. Pasaribu DN, Rizali A, Tarno H, Priawandiputra W, Johannis M, Buchori D. 2024. Agricultural landscape composition alters ant communities in maize fields more than plant diversity enrichment. Biodiversitas 25: 205-213. Fragmented natural habitats in human-modified landscapes play a crucial role in conserving biodiversity. Ants, as keystone species, are integral to terrestrial ecosystems, making it essential to comprehend the factors influencing their survival. This study investigates the impact of agricultural landscape composition and plant diversity enrichment (flowering plants) management on shaping ant communities in maize (Zea mays L.) fields. The research occurred in maize fields surrounded by other crops, semi-natural habitats, and housing areas in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. The four agricultural areas were divided into control and treatment plots, considering landscape composition parameters, particularly Class Area (CA) and the Number of Patches (NP), measured within a 500 m radius. The landscape around the maize fields was characterized by manually digitizing land use. Six types of plant diversity enrichment were employed in this study: wild cosmos (Cosmos caudatus), white buttercup (Turnera subulata), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), long bean (Vigna unguiculata), ornamental bean (Arachis pintoi), and coral vine (Antigonon leptopus). The study was divided into the dry season (April-July 2022) and the wet season (September-December 2022). Ant sampling was conducted using pitfall traps and, based on generalized linear models, revealed that plant diversity enrichment management did not affect species richness, abundance, or composition of ants. Landscape composition positively influenced ant species richness but negatively impacted species composition, particularly the number of semi-natural habitat patches. Maize crop age also positively influenced ant species richness but negatively affected beta diversity. Wet season was also found to have a negative effect on beta diversity. In conclusion, the proportion of semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes and crop age contribute significantly to species richness and species composition of ants.
Storm-enhanced plasma density (SED) features, auroral and polar plasma enhancements, and rising topside bubbles of the 31 March 2001 superstorm

[1] This study focuses on the 31 March 2001 superstorm's evening and nighttime sectors. We specified forward fountain circulation and equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), storm-enhanced density (SED) plume plasma flows, auroral zones, polar cap regions, and traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). These permitted analyzing low-latitude plasma structures, and middle- and high-latitude plasma buildups. Results reveal significant low-latitude plasma structuring around Ancon due to topside rising bubbles during the initial phase under disturbance conditions. The deep equatorial plasma depletion, appearing over the Pacific during the main phase, is an EIA-trough-bubble structure. Topside bubbles and TID-related drift perturbations structured SED plume plasma. Plasma distribution maximized when TIDs were in phase with fountain circulation and SED plume plasma flows, and equatorward wind surges maintained high plasma densities. Plasma density and plasma flow measurements demonstrate the SED plume plasma's poleward migration through the auroral zone into the polar region and the maintenance and increase of auroral and polar enhancements forming a polar tongue of ionization (TOI). Our results contradict previous studies on this superstorm reporting the suppression of bubble formation over Ancon and the absence of TOI and explaining the development of equatorial depletion with no E × B drift action. Our results oppose the current hypothesis that plasma enhancements are transported over many hours into the polar region. Indeed, SED plume plasma (produced by plasmaspheric detachment processes) creates multiple downward plasma flows (stretching from the midlatitude trough's equatorward edge to the polar cap region) that in turn create plasma buildups at various latitudes where flow stagnates.
Discrimination in Tree Stems O2 Uptake and the Dole Effect

The difference in δ18O between the atmospheric O2 and seawater is named the Dole effect (DE). Interpretation of past DE variations, a proxy for monsoonal intensity, is based on current understanding of global O2 fluxes. One such O2 flux that was poorly studied is the discrimination in O2 uptake by tree stems (Dstem). Stems differ from leaves in their lower gas permeability, which reduces the internal [O2] and poses diffusion limitations to local respiration. Diffusion limitations are expected to lower the effective discrimination below enzymatic values (17–30‰). Given fixed permeability, the lowest internal [O2] and thus the greatest diffusional effect are expected in high O2 influx. Dstem and O2 influx values were obtained by measurements of stem‐chamber air and a numerical model that resolves the gas exchange in the chamber. According to 101 results of temperate, Mediterranean, and tropical trees, the global Dstem is 19.2‰. Assuming basal O2 diffusion limitation in the stems, the results indicate involvement of the alternative oxidase respiration, with enzymatic discrimination factor of above 20‰. Small seasonal variations in Dstem were uncoupled from the O2 influx rates that tracked the temperature changes. This indicates a possible adjustment between the aeration capability of the stems and O2 uptake rate, which helps to maintain sufficient O2 supply. The mean Dstem value agrees with the assumed discrimination for leaf respiration, thus supporting current DE understanding. The small Dstem seasonal variations give an indication that climate variations on millennial and interglacial scales did not have a strong effect on Dstem values.
Melt Welding and Its Role in Fault Reactivation and Localization of Fracture Damage in Seismically Active Faults

Low displacement fracture damage plays an important role in influencing the behavior and mechanical evolution of faults. Fracture damage zones influence slip behavior through changing near‐field stress orientations, altering fluid pathways and modifying fault structure. Here we use small displacement triaxial experiments to explore the development of fault zone damage, frictional lock‐up, and the generation of new faults using samples with preground faults, oriented in 5° increments between 25° and 65° relative to the shortening direction. With increasing reactivation angle, faults support higher peak normal stresses (104–845 MPa) and behavior transitions from stable sliding to stick slip. Frictional melting occurs on surfaces where stick slip is initiated, forming micron‐thick layers that locally weld asperity contacts. The extent of melt welding is correlated with normal stress and melt‐welded zones increase fault cohesion. Distribution of fracture damage adjacent to the fault is spatially correlated with melt‐welded zones and the corresponding concentrations of stress and elastic strain. In a process referred to as “adhesive wear,” fractures bypassing welded zones transfer melt‐adhered material from one side of the fault to the other, forming new geometric asperities. On faults with high reactivation angles (55°–60°) the increase in cohesive strength resulting from melt‐welded contacts drives fault lock‐up after an initial slip event; subsequent slip localizes on new, favorably oriented faults. Given their size, melt‐welded zones are likely to be short‐lived in nature but may play a significant and previously unrecognized role in the development of fault‐related damage.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer: an effective analysis based on real-world retrospective studies

Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) contribute to the treatment of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Although prospective clinical studies of TKIs exhibit limited efficacy, whether ATC patients benefit from TKI treatment in real-world clinical practice may enlighten future explorations. Therefore, we conducted this effective analysis based on real-world retrospective studies to illustrate the efficacy of TKI treatment in ATC patients. Methods We systematically searched the online databases on September 03, 2023. Survival curves were collected and reconstructed to summarize the pooled curves. Responses were analyzed by using the “meta” package. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). Results 12 studies involving 227 patients were enrolled in the study. Therapeutic strategies included: anlotinib, lenvatinib, dabrafenib plus trametinib, vemurafenib, pembrolizumab plus dabrafenib and trametinib, pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib, pembrolizumab plus trametinib, and sorafenib. The pooled median OS and PFS were 6.37 months (95% CI 4.19-10.33) and 5.50 months (95% CI 2.17-12.03). The integrated ORR and DCR were 32% (95% CI 23%-41%) and 40% (95% CI 12%-74%). Conclusion In real-world clinical practice, ATC patients could benefit from TKI therapy. In future studies, more basic experiments and clinical explorations are needed to enhance the effects of TKIs in the treatment of patients with ATC.
Water interactions with micronized lunar surrogates JSC‐1A and albite under ultra‐high vacuum with application to lunar observations

Interactions of molecular water with two lunar regolith surrogates (micronized JSC‐1A and albite) were examined using temperature program desorption (TPD) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. TPD revealed water desorption during initial heating to 750 K under ultrahigh vacuum and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy indicated possible water formation via recombinative desorption of native hydroxyls above 425 ± 25 K. Dissociative chemisorption of water (i.e., formation of surface hydroxyl sites) was not observed on laboratory time scales after controlled dosing of samples (initially heated above 750 K) with 0.2–500 L exposures of water. However, preheated samples of both types of surrogates were found to have a distribution of molecular water chemisorption sites, with albite having at least twice as many as the JSC‐1A samples by mass. A fit to the TPD data yields a distribution function of desorption activation energies ranging from ~ 0.45 to 1.2 eV. Using the fitted distribution function as an initial condition, the TPD process was simulated on the time scale of a lunation.
MSGFormer: A DeepLabv3+ Like Semantically Masked and Pixel Contrast Transformer for MouseHole Segmentation

In semantic segmentation, the efficient representation of multi-scale context is of paramount importance. Inspired by the remarkable performance of Vision Transformers (ViT) in image classification, subsequent researchers have proposed some Semantic Segmentation ViTs, most of which have achieved impressive results. However, these models often struggle to effectively utilizing multi-scale context, disregarding intra-image semantic context, and neglecting the global context of training data, i.e., the semantic relationships among pixels across different images. In this paper, we introduce the Sliding Window Dilated Attention and combine it with the Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) to form a novel decoder called Sliding window dilated attention spatial pyramid pooling(SwinASPP). By adjusting the sliding window dilation rates, this decoder is capable of capturing multi-scale contextual information from different granularities. Additionally, we propose the Semantic Attention Block, which integrates semantic attention operations into the encoder. And adopt our proposed supervised pixel-wise contrastive learning algorithm, we shift the current training strategy to inter-image for semantic segmentation. Our experiments demonstrate that these methods lead to performance improvements on the SanJiangYuan MouseHole dataset and Cityscapes.