Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Hypnosis as an Intervention for Obesity: A Meta-Analytic Review

Two meta-analyses were performed quantifying the effectiveness of hypnosis as an intervention for obesity and the impact of adding hypnosis to cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) in producing weight loss. The primary meta-analysis comparing hypnosis with a control condition produced large effect sizes of 1.58 (p ⩽ .001) for 14 trials at the end of active treatment and 0.88 (p ⩽ .001) for 6 trials at the longest follow-up. The average participant receiving some form of hypnosis lost more weight than about 94% of control participants at the end of treatment and about 81% of controls at follow-up. The secondary meta-analysis comparing CBT with the same intervention augmented by hypnosis generated a small effect size of 0.25 (p ⩽ .05) for 11 trials at the end of active treatment and a large effect size of 0.80 (p ⩽ .001) for 12 trials at the longest follow-up in favor of the blended intervention. The average participant receiving CBT plus hypnosis lost more weight than about 60% of participants receiving only CBT at the end of treatment and about 79% of participants receiving only CBT at follow-up. Our findings suggest hypnosis is very effective in producing weight loss over a relatively short span of time, but more research is needed on the long-term benefits in follow-up periods of 1 to 5 years. Clinicians should view hypnosis as a promising treatment option for obesity, especially when used in conjunction with CBT techniques for weight loss.
Phylogenetic Relationships among Subfamilies in Higher Termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) Based on Mitochondrial Coii Gene Sequences

Among the 7 families of Isoptera, higher termites (family Termitidae) have acquired the most complex social systems and widest diversity of feeding habits in the course of adaptive radiation. Termitidae is composed of 4 subfamilies (Apicotermitinae, Macrotermitinae, Nasutitermitinae, and Termitinae); however, the phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies remains ambiguous. To test the monophyly of this family and the relationship among the 4 subfamilies, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) gene in 15 termite genera of Termitidae and closely related Rhinotermitidae. DNA sequences and translated protein sequences were analyzed using parsimony and the neighbor-joining method. All the resulting trees gave robust support for the monophyly of Termitidae, and overall the relationship of Macrotermitinae + (Apicotermitinae + [Termitinae + Nasutitermitinae]) was supported, which is consistent with previous studies based on morphology.
Stomatal conductivity and osmotic adjustment during acclimation to multiple cycles of drought stress in potted miniature rose (Rosa × hybrida)

SummaryReduced water availability during the production of potted miniature roses improves water use efficiency, tolerance to subsequent drought stress and improves post-production performance. However, the physiological response of roses to reduced water availability treatments is not well understood. To explain why a change in production treatment can improve drought stress tolerance, two cultivars of potted miniature roses, Apollo Parade and Charming Paradet were produced with reduced water availability. The plants were exposed to repeated stress and recovery cycles from second cut to flowering. Each of the three 14.d stress cycles included 10.d of reduced water availability and 4.d of recovery, where plants were watered as control plants. During production detailed evaluations were taken on water consumption, water use efficiency, soil and leaf water potential, stomatal conductivity and leaf osmotic potential. The greatest responses occurred following the first exposure to drought. This first exposure.
Reply to Nee, Gregory and May

I I Opinion is intended to facilitate communication between reader and author and reader and reader. Comments, viewpoints or suggestions arising from published papers are welcome. N 1 T Discussion and debate about important issues in ecology, e.g. theory or terminology, may I I also be included. Contributions should be as precise as possible and references should be P 0 kept to a minimum. A summary is not required. 0 N
Circadian Flight Activity of Mosquitoes Entering and Leaving Septic Tanks in Central Nigeria

The circadian flight activity of mosquitoes breeding in septic tanks in Jos, central Nigeria, was studied using exit and entry traps. The pattern of peak activity in Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex horridus and Culex cinereus leaving septic tanks was the same between males and females. Aedes aegypti left the tanks earlier than any of the Culex species. There was a difference in time and pattern of peak activity between sexes in this species. Also, a significant difference in peak activity between females of different physiological states was noted in Cx. quinquefasciatus. RésuméLa qualité du vol des moustiques se reproduisant dans des fosses septiques à Jos au centre du Nigeria a été observée en utilisant des pièges à la sortie et à l’entrée. Les variations des pics des Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex horridus et Culex cinereus, quittant les fosses septiques étaient les mêmes chez les mâles et les femelles. Aedes aegypti quittait les fosses un peu plus tôt que les autres espèces Culex. Une différence pendant la période et les variations des pics fut observée entre les deux sexes de cette espèce. En outre une différence significative de la variation des pics entre les femelles dans des états physiologiques différents fut observée chez l’espèce C.x. quinquefasciatus.
Effects of Self-Control Training on Emotional Wellbeing and Opioid Craving Among Men with Opioid Use Disorder

Background: Today, opioid use is recognized as a global concern, threatening people’s physical and mental health. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the eﬀects of self-control training on emotional wellbeing and opioid craving among men with opioid use disorder. Methods: Inthisquasiexperimentalstudy,thesampleincludedallmenwithopioidusedisorder,whowereadmittedtodrugtreat-ment centers of district 6, Tehran, Iran during year 2015. Fifty subjects were initially selected, matched, and randomly assigned to experimentalandcontrolgroups(25casespergroup). Afteradiagnosticinterview,thesubjectswereaskedtocompletethepretests, including the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), facial expression recognition test (FERT), emotional processing scale (EPS), toronto alexithymia scale (TAS), and craving beliefs questionnaire (CBQ). The experimental group participated in 10 weekly sessions of self-control training. A week after the intervention, both groups were tested using the same instruments. For data analysis, multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) test was applied in SPSS version 18. Results: Self-control training caused a signiﬁcant increase in positive emotion regulation (P < 0.001), emotion recognition (P = 0.002), and emotion processing (P < 0.001), while reducing negative emotion regulation (P = 0.002), alexithymia (P < 0.001), and opioid craving in men with opioid use disorder (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Self-control training exerts a signiﬁcant eﬀect on the improvement of emotional wellbeing in men with opioid use disorder and reduces their opioid craving.
Vegetative Propagation in Asplenium exiguum

Asplenium is one of the largest, most diverse, and widespread genera of modern ferns. Many of its nearly 800 species reproduce vegetatively by buds. In different species or species groups, buds have been reported on the roots (A. auritum, A. cuspidatum), in the axils of basal pinnae (A. monanthes var.), in the axils of several pinnae (A. commutatum), on the rachis near the apex (A. sessilifolium, A. polyphyllum), on an attenuated rachis tip (A. radicans, A. rutaceum, A. rhizophyllum), and plantlets have been observed on the upper surface of the pinnae (A. bulbiferum, A. viviparum), and on stolonoid fronds (A. mannii, A. bipinnatifidum complex). See Faden (1973) for a more detailed treatment of buds and plantlets in Asplenium. The various means of vegetative reproduction in A. exiguum are reported here and its horticultural possibilities are discussed. Asplenium exiguum is a small spleenwort (fronds 3-20 cm tall) with an interesting disjunct geographic distribution. It is found in the Himalaya Mountains, the Philippine Islands, Mexico, and the southwestern United States. In 1971 the author discovered it in the Mexican state of Oaxaca near the village of Ixtlan de Juatrez, growing on dry, exposed rocky cliffs and shaded ravines. Plants growing on the more exposed sites occasionally rooted at the tip of an extended rachis. This mode of reproduction has been noted by Bir and Shukla (1968), Copeland (1960, p. 442) and Knobloch and Correll (1962, p. 151). Living plants transplanted to the New York Botanical Garden greenhouses have survived well. One plant was placed in our cloud forest chamber (the type described by Farrar, 1968), where it had nearly 100% humidity. After a few months, three methods of vegetative reproduction expressed themselves. A few fronds had prolonged apices with rooting tips (Fig. le); occasionally a frond forked at the tip (Fig. Ic), resulting in two proliferous apices. Some fronds developed buds at the base of pinnae near the tip of the rachis (Fig. le); this type has not been noted for this species previously. The most unusual development, however, was that a plantlet developed at the apex of many pinnae, forming a necklace of young plants around the entire frond (Figs. Ib, d). This is most pronounced on the older fronds as they lie close to the ground. Careful examination shows that all pinnae, whether they are on living plants in the cloud forest chamber or the greenhouse or are on herbarium specimens, bear a bud in the notch at the apex (Fig. la). Apparently wild plants only rarely get sufficient humidity to allow the buds to produce plantlets, for only rarely on herbarium specimens was it possible to detect with magnification the slightest germination of these buds, and plantlets
Spatial autocorrelation analysis of heterozygosity and geographic distribution in populations of Desmognathus fuscus (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

Twenty-seven populations of the salamander species Desmognathusfuscus were surveyed electrophoretically for 26 protein producing loci. Average heterozygosity (H) and number of alleles per locus (Xa) were determined. The spatial distributions of H and Xa were then studied using spatial autocorrelation analysis to determine whether the observed patterns of distribution could be explained by a) elevation, b) latitude corrected by elevation, c) geographic location, d) number of syntopic congeners, e) number of sympatric salamanders or f) distance from the geographic center of the species' distribution. Spatial autocorrelation of multiple regression residuals demonstrated that the original distribution of H values could best be explained by the number of syntopic congeners at each sample locality. Results support the niche width-variation hypothesis.
"An Assessment of Collaboration Between Members of the Healthcare Team in Providing Medication Therapy Management (MTM)"

In order to make healthcare more affordable and sustainable, the government and individual health systems are changing the way they take care of patients. This is more evident in developed countries where entire organizations are shifting to a team-based approach to health care, which requires collaboration between all health care providers to provide the best, most efficient and most cost-effective services to patients. The role of each health care provider is being re-examined and redefined, so that patients can be seen in the timeliest manner and by the most qualified provider Smith et al. [1].
Demography of the Jungle Babbler, Turdoides striatus

(1) Some aspects of the demography of the jungle babbler are described. Compared to the temperate passerines on which most studies of population dynamics have so far been conducted, jungle babblers showed little seasonal or annual changes in population size. The proximal mechanism by which this stability was achieved was the emigration of birds in their second summer or older. The survival of post-juvenile birds remaining with their natal group was high, about 90%O per annum, but this also applied to breeding birds, and hence the opportunity to attempt breeding was so limited that only a quarter of the birds reaching maturity ever managed to do so. (2) Despite the rate of interchange observed between groups, the mean degree of relatedness of all group members to the breeding pair was probably about 0 3, higher than that between half-siblings. Under theories of kin selection (Hamilton 1964; Eberhard 1975) the selection pressure for altruistic behaviour is proportional to the degree of relatedness of the donor and the recipient, and hence babbler groups apparently present an excellent situation for the evolution of altruistic behaviour. (3) The quality of habitat occupied varied on a larger scale than is typical of most temperate situations, and this resulted in wide differences in the reproductive success of different groups. Once the influence of territorial quality was taken into account there was no significant correlation between group size and breeding success, and there was some indication that larger size may have been correlated with lower fledging success in the spring. This appears to contradict the prediction of kin selection than non-breeding members of the group should make a positive contribution to the reproduction of the closely related breeding pair. (4) Dispersal is more important to females, which probably do not breed in their natal groups, than it is to males. Both sexes have the option of joining'in the establishment of a new group, but remaining in the natal group may constitute a more attractive strategy for males which can eventually inherit the parental breeding territory. The differences in reproductive success between different territory types must influence the strategies of males, and may account in part for differences in the size of groups.
Body size, nest initiation date, and Egg production in Ruddy Ducks

Female Ruddy Ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) produce the largest eggs, relative to body size, of all waterfowl (Lack 1968). Energy in one of their eggs is equivalent to 322% of daily basal metabolic rate (Alisauskas and Ankney 1992), the highest of all Anatidae. Furthermore, Ruddy Ducks lay one egg per day (Siegfried 1976). Female Ruddy Ducks rely on both endogenous and exogenous nutrients for egg production. On average, 49% of the lipid, 41% of the protein, and 16% of the minerals required for egg production are supplied by stored reserves in Ruddy Ducks (Alisauskas and Ankney 1994). These authors also reported that the size of lipid, mineral, and protein reserves was positively related to body size in their sample of breeding females. Thus, we predicted that larger female Ruddy Ducks would lay larger clutches. Also, because birds in good condition (i.e. with larger reserves) may initiate nesting earlier than those in poorer condition (Reynolds 1972, Scott and Birkhead 1983), we also predicted that larger females are able to attain good condition and would initiate nesting earlier than would smaller females. Within species, variation in egg mass among females is high in waterfowl (Ankney and Alisauskas 1992), but few studies have attempted to determine the source of this variation. In Lesser Snow Geese (Chen c. caerulescens), about 60% of among-female variation in egg mass is heritable (Lessells et al. 1989). Such an estimate may be inflated if larger females lay larger eggs and if body size also is heritable (see Alisauskas and Ankney 1992). Indeed, egg mass is positively related to body size in Lesser Snow Geese (Newell 1988) and Northern Pintails (Anas acuta; Flint and Grand 1996). Thus, we also investigated whether egg size of female Ruddy Ducks was related to body size. Methods. -This study was conducted in 1994 in southwestern Manitoba near Minnedosa (50011'N, 90? 42'W). The rolling knob-and-kettle landscape is scattered with wetlands ranging in size from 10 m2 to 4 ha (Evans et al. 1952, Dzubin 1961). Emergent vegetation in the region includes cattail (Typha spp.),
A Comparison between Silent and Symptomatic Renal Stones in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a common complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and in a subgroup of patients stones are clinically silent. Patients with silent and symptomatic stones may differ biochemically. There is a scarcity of data available comparing patients with silent and symptomatic renal stones in PHPT. Aims: To characterize patients with PHPT with nephrolithiais and to compare patients with silent and symptomatic stones. Materials and Methods: We reviewed clinical data of 186 patients with PHPT managed at our center from January 1996 to December 2017. Silent renal stones were defined as ultrasonography finding of renal stones without symptoms. Symptomatic renal stones were defined as those with symptoms or a history of graveluria or any procedure for nephrolithiasis. A 5-mm diameter was set as the cut-off between micro- and macrolithiasis. We compared those with (n = 95) and without (n = 91) stones, and, among stone formers, those with symptoms (n = 66) and silent (n = 29) were compared. Results: There was no significant difference between stone formers and nonstone formers with respect to biochemical parameters. Patients with silent renal stones had significantly lower serum calcium and higher phosphate, than those with symptomatic stones. Most (75%) patients with silent renal stones had microlithiais, while only a fifth (22%) with symptomatic renal stones had microlithiasis. Conclusion: Nephrolithiasis is a common complication of PHPT. Most patients with silent renal stones had microlithiasis and biochemical features of less severe disease. Patients with silent renal stones may represent early mild stage of PHPT.
Reply

The article by Ponsen and colleagues and the accompanying editorial by Stern point out the importance of preclinical detection of risk for subsequent development of Parkinson’s disease. The interesting work by Ponsen and colleagues would suggest that tests of olfactory function, alone or in combination with other tests, may play a role in developing prognosticating tests. We developed such a test that, when applied prospectively to 212 subjects with symptoms suggestive but not diagnostic of Parkinson’s disease, was able to detect 40 of the 59 subjects subsequently diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease over a 2-year period. Also, the test battery, using tests of olfaction, motor speed, and depression, was able to predict 37 of 40 subjects in whom Parkinson’s disease subsequently was clinically excluded. The test battery was 92% specific and 68% sensitive with an area of the receiver operator characteristics curve of 0.88. Olfactory testing alone had a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 81%. Developing any diagnostic or prognostic test is complicated. In addition to specificity and sensitivity, prior probabilities (prevalence of those at risk) are a major factor. For example, the prevalence of persons at risk for Parkinson’s disease in a population of concern (such as first-degree relatives or those with specific environmental exposures) would have to be nearly 18% for olfactory testing to have a 50% positive and negative predictive value. Even at this, there would be as many false-positives and false-negatives as true-positives and true-negatives. Often little attention is given to the anticipated prevalence rates of those at risk when discussing potential diagnostic or predictive tests. Combining multiple tests into a diagnostic or prognostic battery to improve specificity and sensitivity is problematic. Ultimately, the choice of diagnostic or predictive test is social, that is, what are the social, economic, political, moral, and ethical consequences of failing to treat someone at risk versus treating someone not at risk. If an effective neuroprotective therapy is developed, who would be treated? What would happen if an effective neuroprotective treatment cost $10,000 per year and had to be taken continuously? Could or would our society be willing to pay such a cost? Could or would we say that only those who could afford neuroprotection are entitled to it? Perhaps it would be wise to devote efforts to resolve these questions at the same time we are developing neuroprotective therapies.
Elaboração e validação de escala diagramática para cancro bacteriano da videira

Bacterial canker of grapevine caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola occurs throughout the Region of Submedio Sao Francisco causing losses in susceptible cultivars. In spite of the importance of this disease noepidemiological studies exist in Brazil and in order to perform them it is necessary to develop standard methods to quantify disease severity in field. Hence a diagrammatic key including the levels 2, 4, 8, 17, 34, 63 and 91% of diseased leaf area was elaborated and tested for accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the estimative of bacterial canker severity with and without using the key. The diagrammatic key was validated by 10 raters using 50 leaves with different levels of severity previously measured by the software AUtOCAD®for Windows with and without using the key. Two evaluations were performed with the key at 7-day intervals when different sequences of the same leaves were visually estimated by the same raters. The accuracy and precision of each rater were determined by simple linear regression between actual and estimated severity. Without the key, most of raters overestimated disease severity. With the key raters obtained better levels of accuracy and precision, however all tended to underestimate severity, with absolute errors concentrated around 10%. Raters showed good repeatability and high reproducibility of estimative by using the key compared to the no use of it. The proposed diagrammatic key is suitable for the evaluation of severity of bacterial canker of grapevine.