Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Nutritional Support of the Reproductive and Immune System of Cattle—A Review

Simple Summary This review focuses on two crucial aspects of cattle breeding: the reproduction of dairy cows and the health status and body condition of cows during the periparturient period, as well as the immunity of newborn calves. The energetic importance of fat in ruminant nutrition and lipids metabolism in the rumen, the regulatory role of n-3 fatty acids in the reproduction of ruminants, their importance in fetus developmental programming and embryo development, as well as the role of n-3 fatty acids a key component in the building of the immunity of newborn calves, are discussed. Abstract This paper focuses on the role of n-3 fatty acids as a nutrient crucial to the proper functioning of reproductive and immune systems in cattle. Emphasis was placed on the connection between maternal and offspring immunity. The summarized results confirm the importance and beneficial effect of n-3 family fatty acids on ruminant organisms. Meanwhile, dietary n-3 fatty acids supplementation, especially during the critical first week for dairy cows experiencing their peripartum period, in general, is expected to enhance reproductive performance, and the impact of its supplementation appears to be dependent on body condition scores of cows during the drying period, the severity of the negative energy balance, and the amount of fat in the basic feed ration. An unbalanced, insufficient, or excessive fatty acid supplementation of cows’ diets in the early stages of pregnancy (during fetus development) may affect both the metabolic and nutritional programming of the offspring. The presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family in the calves’ ration affects not only the performance of calves but also the immune response, antioxidant status, and overall metabolism of the future adult cow.
Seismic hazard associated with the Springbank Fault, North Canterbury Plans

This study contains an evaluation of the seismic hazard associated with the Springbank Fault, a blind structure discovered in 1998 close to Christchurch. The assessment of the seismic hazard is approached as a deterministic process in which it is necessary to establish: 1) fault characteristics; 2) the maximum earthquake that the fault is capable of producing, and 3) ground motions estimations. Due to the blind nature of the fault, conventional techniques used to establish the basic fault characteristics for seismic hazard assessments could not be applied. Alternative methods are used including global positioning system (GPS) surveys, morphometric analyses along rivers, shallow seismic reflection surveys and computer modelling. These were supplemented by using multiple empirical equations relating fault attributes to earthquake magnitude, and attenuation relationships to estimate ground motions in the near-fault zone. The analyses indicated that the Springbank Fault is a reverse structure located approximately 30 Ian to the northwest of Christchurch, along a strike length of approximately 16 Ian between the Eyre and Ashley River. The fault does not reach the surface, but it is associated with a broad anticline whose maximum topographic expression occurs close to the mid-length of the fault. Two other reverse faults, the Eyrewell and the Sefton Faults, are inferred in the study area. These faults, together with the Springbank and the Hororata Faults, are interpreted as part of a system of thrust/reverse faults propagating from a decollement located at mid-crustal depths of approximately 14 Ian beneath the Canterbury Plains. Within this fault system, the Springbank Fault is considered to behave in a seismically independent way, with a fault slip rate of -0.22 mmlyr, and the capacity of producing a reverse-slip earthquake of moment magnitude -6.4, with an earthquake recurrence of 3,000 years. An earthquake of the above characteristics represents a significant seismic hazard for various urban centres in the near-fault zone including Christchurch, Rangiora, Oxford, Amberley, Kaiapoi, Darfield, Rolleston and Cust. Estimated peak ground accelerations for these towns range between 0.14 g to 0.5 g.
Determinants of the Use of Accounting Information in MSMEs in Jambi City

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education level, business age, accounting training and business scale on the use of accounting information in MSMEs. This research was conducted at MSMEs located in Alam Barajo District, Jambi City. There were 56 MSMEs as the sample of this study which were tested using the SPSS 25 analysis tool. The results showed that simultaneously educational level, business age, accounting training and business scale affect the use of accounting information. Then, partially, business age and business scale have an effect on the use of accounting information. Unfortunately, the level of accounting education and training has no effect on the use of accounting information.
The Effects of Oil Content on the Structural and Textural Properties of Cottonseed Butter/Spread Products

Plant-based butters from nuts and seeds have steadily increased in consumer popularity due to their unique flavors and healthy nutritional properties. Oil content is a critical parameter to measure the proper consistency and stability of plant butter and spread products. Previous work has shown that glandless cottonseed can be used to formulate cottonseed butter products to increase the values of cottonseed. As part of the efforts made in the valorization of cottonseed, this work evaluated the effects of oil content on the microstructural and textural properties of cottonseed butter/spread products. While the oil content in the raw cottonseed kernels was 35% of the kernel biomass, additional cottonseed oil was added to make cottonseed butter products with six oil content levels (i.e., 36, 43, 47, 50, 53, and 57%). The values of three textural parameters, firmness, spreadability, and adhesiveness, decreased rapidly in an exponential mode with the increasing oil content. The particle size population in these butter samples was characterized by similar trimodal distribution, with the majority in the middle mode region with particle sizes around 4.5–10 μm. Higher oil content decreased the butter particle size slightly but increased oil separation during storage. The oxidation stability with a rapid oxygen measurement was gradually reduced from 250 min with 36% oil to 65 min with 57% oil. The results of this work provide information for the further optimization of formulation parameters of cottonseed butter products.
A Rare Case Report of Dental and Craniofacial Manifestations of Nemaline Myopathy

Any congenital muscular disorder can cause severe dental and craniofacial deformity. The clinicians must understand the aetiology of this muscular disorder to plan the treatment for this condition. Currently, there is limited data available in the literature on the dental manifestation of nemaline myopathy. Nemaline myopathy is a type of rare congenital muscular disorder characterized by severe dental and craniofacial deformity. This case report describes the dental and craniofacial manifestations of such diseases in an eight-year-old child who visited the unit of pediatric and preventive dentistry with a chief complaint of irregular placement of teeth and inability to close the mouth.
Contrasting Climate Responses to the Scattering and Absorbing Features of Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcings

AbstractAnthropogenic aerosols comprise optically scattering and absorbing particles, with the principal concentrations being in the Northern Hemisphere, yielding negative and positive global mean radiative forcings, respectively. Aerosols also influence cloud albedo, yielding additional negative radiative forcings. Climate responses to a comprehensive set of isolated aerosol forcing simulations are investigated in a coupled atmosphere–ocean framework, forced by preindustrial to present-day aerosol-induced radiative perturbations. Atmospheric and oceanic climate responses (including precipitation, atmospheric circulation, atmospheric and oceanic heat transport, sea surface temperature, and salinity) to negative and positive particulate forcings are consistently anticorrelated. The striking effects include distinct patterns of changes north and south of the equator that are governed by the sign of the aerosol forcing and its initiation of an interhemispheric forcing asymmetry. The presence of opposing sign.
Gestational monitoring in buffalo females: detection of Neospora caninum by PCR

Abstract This study establishes the serological frequency against Neospora caninum on day zero and the presence of N. caninum DNA surveyed throughout the gestation of Bubalus bubalis females in a bovine buffalo system in the central zone of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Blood samples were taken from 11 females in 6 different sampling periods and analyzed for N. caninum antibodies detection on day zero. DNA detection by PCR was performed on all sampling periods. The gestation months of the females were recorded for five trimesters by ultrasonography, as well as births and pregnancy losses. Recorded seropositivity and positivity for agent DNA were 90.9% (95% CI 58.7-9.7) and 36.3% (95% CI 10.9-69.2), respectively, on day zero. N. caninum DNA was detected between 18.1% (95% CI 2.3-51.7) and 45.4% (95% CI 16.7-76.6) over the five trimesters of observation, with three births and three abortions recorded. The studied water buffalo population had a high presence of N. caninum antibodies; however, the detection of N. caninum DNA remained below 47% in the females. The association was only observed in the detection of DNA with pregnant females (P 0.007). Our results support the hypothesis of the resistance of water buffaloes to infection and the onset of clinical signs against infection by N. caninum even upon a high possibility of infection and reinfection described in this production system in Mexico.
Meso-Cenozoic Lithosphere Thinning in the Eastern North China Craton: Evidence from Thermal History of the Bohai Bay Basin, North China

The formation and evolution of a rift basin is the shallow response of deep geodynamic processes. The Bohai Bay Basin is at the center of lithosphere destruction and thinning in the eastern North China Craton (NCC). In this article, the Meso-Cenozoic thermal lithospheric thickness of the Bohai Bay Basin was calculated by reconstructing the thermal history of the sedimentary basin using apatite fission track and vitrinite reflectance data. The Meso-Cenozoic thermal modeling results show that the basin experienced four evolutionary stages with two heat flow peaks in the late Early Cretaceous and in the Middle to Late Paleogene, which had heat flow values of 82–86 and 81–88 mW/m2, respectively. Accordingly, the thermal lithospheric thicknesses of the basin, calculated from the thermal histories, experienced two thinning stages in the Cretaceous and the Paleogene. The lithosphere began with an initial thickness of 150 km in the Early Mesozoic and was thinned to approximately 51–61 km in the late Early Cretaceous. The thickness then increased to approximately 80–90 km at the end of the Cretaceous. A second thinning phase occurred in the Middle to Late Paleogene, resulting in a thickness of only 43–55 km. The lithosphere thickened thereafter, and the NCC now has a thermal lithosphere of 75–97 km. The lithospheric thinning in the Cenozoic was dominated by extension rather than thermal erosion. At the same time, there existed some differences in the thermal evolution and lithospheric thinning evolution among different sub-basins, but the time of peak heat flow and peak lithosphere thinning in the Cenozoic is consistent with the migration of the depocenter of the basin. Therefore, the thermal history of sedimentary basins may provide continuous temporal and spatial evidence to reveal deep geodynamic processes. Our research provides new geothermal evidence for the lithospheric thinning of the NCC.
Immunometabolic Profile Associated with Progressive Damage of the Intestinal Mucosa in Adults Screened for Colorectal Cancer: Association with Diet

Environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle have been shown to influence the development of some intestinal mucosal lesions that may be precursors of colorectal cancer (CRC). The presence of these alterations seems to be associated with misbalanced immunological parameter levels. However, it is still unclear as to which immunological parameters are altered in each phase of CRC development. In this work, we aimed to study the potential relationships of immunological and metabolic parameters with diet in a CRC-related lesion context. Dietary information was obtained using an annual semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from 93 volunteers classified via colonoscopy examination according to the presence of intestinal polyps or adenocarcinoma. Cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines were determined from serum samples. We observed a reduction in adiponectin according to the damage to the mucosa, accompanied by an increase and decrease in C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and resistin, respectively, in CRC cases. The presence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the polyp group was associated with higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations. Vegetables were directly correlated with adiponectin and resistin levels, while the opposite occurred with red meat. A bioactive compound, soluble pectin, showed a negative association with TNF-α. Future dietary strategies could be developed to modulate specific immunological parameters in the context of CRC.
Identification of interferon-stimulated genes with modulated expression during hepatitis E virus infection in pig liver tissues and human HepaRG cells

Introduction Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis worldwide. The virus is transmitted by the fecal-oral route via the consumption of contaminated water supplies and is also a zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Swine are the main reservoir of zoonotic HEV. In humans, HEV infection is usually asymptomatic or causes acute hepatitis that is self-limited. However, fulminant hepatic failure and chronic cases of HEV infection can occur in some patients. In contrast, HEV infection in pigs remains asymptomatic, although the virus replicates efficiently, suggesting that swine are able to control the virus pathogenesis. Upon viral infection, IFN is secreted and activates cellular pathways leading to the expression of many IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). ISGs can restrict the replication of specific viruses and establish an antiviral state within infected and neighboring cells. Methods In this study, we used PCR arrays to determine the expression level of up to 168 ISGs and other IFN-related genes in the liver tissues of pigs infected with zoonotic HEV-3c and HEV-3f and in human bipotent liver HepaRG cells persistently infected with HEV-3f. Results and discussion The expression of 12 and 25 ISGs was found to be up-regulated in infected swine livers and HepaRG cells, respectively. The expression of CXCL10, IFIT2, MX2, OASL and OAS2 was up-regulated in both species. Increased expression of IFI16 mRNA was also found in swine liver tissues. This study contributes to the identification of potential ISGs that could play a role in the control or persistence of HEV infection.
Structural, Familial, and Psychosocial Factors Affecting Long-Term Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence amongst Adolescents Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV in Limpopo, South Africa

After more than two decades of the expansion of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in adolescents living with perinatal HIV (APHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa, there is still poorly sustained long-term adherence to ART due to multifactorial factors with the consequence of increased mortality and morbidity. There are little data available on the familial and structural factors which affect sustenance to long-term adherence to ART. A qualitative exploratory design was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 21 APHIV attending HIV care and management in the rural health facilities of Vhembe district in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Transcripts were translated verbatim into English, and data were analyzed using Tesch’s eight steps of qualitative data analysis. The sample consisted of APHIV 10–19 years old who were aware of their HIV status, and all had received ART for more than 5 years. They lived in extended, disrupted, grandparent- and child-headed households. They experienced food insecurities due to poverty or orphanhood, as well as living in disrupted households, which deterred them from long-term adherence. In addition, dependency on social support grants to sustain their livelihoods affected long-term adherence. APHIV had challenges with structural factors such as inconsistent clinic attendance, clashes between school activities and clinic appointments, and the lack of transport fare to the clinic, which affected adherence. Although APHIV were on one-pill fixed-dose ART, they were not able to sustain long-term adherence due to various familial, structural, and psychosocial challenges. In addition to institution-based interventions, there is a need for family, community-based, and multi-sectorial interventions to support long-term ART adherence among APHIV.
Predicting The Role Of Antioxidants And Irrigation On Sunflower Yield Grown Under Saline Conditions

A field experiment was executed to study the influence of salinity , antioxidant application and cultivars on plant yield . Prediction equations were developed and used to predict sunflower yield under two levels of soil salinity(4.7dSm -1 and 12.8dSm 1 ) in addition to application of three types of antioxidants ( ascorbic, salicylic and oxalic acids ). Also models were used to predict sunflower yield when increasing the concentration of antioxidants up to 300 ppm . Furthermore models were used to reduce the harm effect of salinity and improve sunflower potential yield by increasing the amount of irrigation water by 10%, reducing soil pH by 0.3 through applying organic manure either using the same amount of irrigation water or conserving some . The results showed that sunflower yield was highly reduced under saline soil , although spraying plants with antioxidants especially oxalic acid was helpful in improving plant yield but was still lower than optimum. Modeling also proved that increasing the amount of irrigation resulted in yield improvement reaching 86.9% under high soil salinity level. Also , modeling revealed that reducing soil pH under high salinity level improved sunflower yield when using oxalic acid by 57.14%. While on limiting irrigation by 343 and 340 m 3 / fed and reducing soil pH under saline condition gave the most yield improvement when using ascorbic acid. Therefore it is recommended to spray sunflower plants with oxalic acid to relief salinity stress either under abundant amount of irrigation or reducing pH without an increase in the amount of water . Furthermore under deficit irrigation , spraying plants with ascorbic acid is preferable under saline soil and reduced pH .
RESPONSE OF CABBAGE TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN SALNA SILTY CLAY LOAM SOIL

A field experiments was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during October 2006 to May 2007 to study the response of cabbage to fertilizer application in Salna silty clay loam soil. The experiment was carried out to study the response of cabbage variety Autumn Queen to added N, P, K and S nutrients in respect of growth, dry matter production and yield, nutrient contents in loose and heading leaves of the crop. Treatment receiving 240 kg N, 45 kg P, 180 kg K and 45 kg S/ha performed best in recording plant height, root length, number of loose and heading leaves, leaf length and breadth, thickness and diameter of head and yield. However, the optimum doses of N, P, K and S for maximum number of heading leaves (85.41/plant) and yield (87.09 t/ha) were 232.50, 35.85, 165.80 and 35.35 kg/ha, 202.30, 36.16, 169.17 and 34.18 kg/ha, respectively. Treatment receiving 320 kg N, 45 kg P, 180 kg K and 30 kg S/ha performed best in recording nitrogen content both in loose (7.36%) and heading (5.80%) leaves. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur contents in loose leaves were the highest in treatments receiving 240 kg N, 60 kg P, 180 kg K, 30 kg S; 240 kg N, 45 kg P, 240 kg K, 30 kg S and 240 kg N, 45 kg P, 180 kg K, 60 kg S/ha, respectively.
Development and pre-clinical evaluation of a Zika virus diagnostic for low resource settings

Introduction Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging flavivirus that poses a significant public health threat. ZIKV exhibits a wide array of non-vector borne human transmission routes, such as sexual transmission, transplacental transmission and blood transfusion. Detection and surveillance of ZIKV is considered paramount in prevention of major outbreaks. With the majority of cases reported in low-resource locations, simple, low-cost detection methods are considered highly desirable. Materials and Methods Here we have developed a sensitive and specific ZIKV diagnostic using reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) coupled with lateral flow detection (LFD) targeting a highly conserved region of the ZIKV NS1 gene. Results We show our rapid, isothermal-ZIKV-diagnostic (Iso-ZIKV-Dx) can detect 500 copies of synthetic ZIKV RNA/μL in under 30 min at a constant 39°C. Using simulated urine samples, we observed that Iso-ZIKV-Dx also detects as low as 34.28 RNA copies/reaction of ZIKV (MR766 strain). Specificity testing confirmed that our test does not detect any co-circulating flaviviruses (dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis and yellow fever viruses) or chikungunya virus. Sample processing results show complete inactivation of ZIKV (MR766 strain) in 5 min at room temperature using our novel viral RNA sample preparation reagent. Furthermore, lateral flow strips testing demonstrates positive diagnoses in as little as 5 min in running buffer. Discussion Contrary to conventional RT-qPCR, our Iso-ZIKV-Dx does not require expensive machinery, specialised laboratory settings or extensively trained personnel. Pre-clinical evaluation demonstrates that our test exhibits robust, in-field capabilities without compromising sensitivity or specificity. When compared to the gold-standard RT-qPCR, our Iso-ZIKV-Dx test offers an array of applications that extend beyond diagnostics alone, including potential for surveillance and monitoring of ZIKV vector competency.
Expansion of Brick-and-Mortar Retailers to Online Retailing: A Strategic Application of the Technology Acceptance Model in the Philippines

The online retailing industry activity has been steadily increasing in the past couple of years, due to the wide product offerings and provides customer convenience. The Philippines is part of the Asian population with steadily increasing online retailing activity, making the country one of the fastest-growing e-commerce markets in Asia. With the increased number of online retailers, different factors can now be determined, as well as an implementation framework for brick-and-mortar retailers' consideration to expand into online retailing. A survey was conducted to measure the perception of Philippine-based brick-and-mortar retailers with regard to key factors to expand into online retailing. The research study used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in determining the significant factors that retailers consider in their expansion into online retailing. Cybersecurity, IT Infrastructure, Capital Cost, Reach, and Online Retailing Industry Attractiveness were all found to have a significant effect on Retailer's Decision to Expand into Online Retailing. A readiness index was formulated from the results of the SEM, which in turn aided in developing an implementation framework catered to different levels of readiness.