Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Latch-Type Offset Tolerant Sense Amplifier for Low-Voltage SRAMs

Sense amplifier (SA) input-referred offset often dictates the minimum required differential input (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta V_{\textrm {BL-min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and is an important factor in realizing low-voltage static random access memories. This paper presents a HYbrid latch-type Sense Amplifier (HYSA-QZ), where the bitline signals are supplied to multiple internal nodes to significantly reduce <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta V_{\textrm {BL-min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A 65-nm CMOS test chip with arrays of the HYSA-QZ, two intermediate formulations of the HYSA-QZ, conventional current latch SA (CLSA), and conventional voltage latch SA (VLSA) were fabricated. Measurements over 5120 SAs of each type show that the HYSA-QZ implemented with regular-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> transistors require 50.0%, and 22.8% lower <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \text{V}_{\textrm {BL-min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with 6.5% (or 4.5%) and 30.7% (or 18.8%) of total gate (or layout) area overhead compared to CLSA and VLSA at 0.4 V, respectively. Iso-gate-area offset improvement was substantiated with Pelgrom’s mismatch model, where the HYSA-QZ with regular-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ V}}_{\mathrm{ T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> transistors showed 46.6% and 7.7% improvements in measured standard deviation of offset distribution compared with CLSA and VLSA, respectively. Measured <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta V_{\textrm {BL-min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the HYSA-QZ remains stable and low over a temperature range from 0 °C to 75 °C at 0.4 V. Moreover, an additional 13.0% reduction in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta V_{\textrm {BL-min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was measured in the HYSA-QZ when using low-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> transistors. Finally, the HYSA-QZ operates reliably at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\textrm {DD-min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 260 mV in 25 °C.
How Imaging Glutamate, GABA, and Dopamine Can Inform the Clinical Treatment of Alcohol Dependence and Withdrawal

Neuroimaging studies have dramatically advanced our understanding of the neurochemical basis of alcohol dependence, a major public health issue. In this paper we review the research generated from neurochemical-specific imaging modalities including magnetic resonance spectrometry (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in studies of alcohol dependence and withdrawal. We focus on studies interrogating γ aminobutryic acid (GABA), glutamate, and dopamine, as these are prominent neurotransmitter systems implicated in alcohol dependence. Highlighted findings include diminished dopaminergic functioning and modulation of the GABA system by tobacco smoking during alcohol withdrawal. Then, we consider how these findings impact the clinical treatment of alcohol dependence and discuss directions for future experiments to address existing gaps in the literature, e.g., sex differences and smoking comorbidity. These and other considerations provide opportunities to build upon the current neurochemistry imaging literature of alcohol dependence and withdrawal, which may usher in improved therapeutic and relapse prevention strategies.
The Effects of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Exposure on Presynaptic and Postsynaptic GABA A Receptor Function in Cultured Cortical and Hippocampal Neurons

Decades after ethanol was first described as a GABA mimetic, the precise mechanisms that produce the acute effects of ethanol and the physiological adaptations that underlie ethanol tolerance and dependence remain unclear. While a substantial body of evidence suggests that ethanol acts on GABAergic neurotransmission to enhance inhibition in the CNS, the precise mechanisms underlying the physiological effects of both acute and chronic ethanol exposure are still under investigation. We have used in vitro ethanol exposure followed by recording of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) to determine whether acute or chronic ethanol exposure directly alters synaptic GABA A receptor function or GABA release in cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons. Acute ethanol exposure slightly increased the duration of mIPSCs in hippocampal neurons but did not alter mIPSC kinetics in cortical neurons. Acute ethanol exposure did not change mIPSC frequency in either hippocampal or cortical neurons. One day of chronic ethanol exposure produced a transient decrease in mIPSC duration in cortical neurons but did not alter mIPSC kinetics in hippocampal neurons. Chronic ethanol exposure did not change mIPSC frequency in either hippocampal or cortical neurons. Chronic ethanol exposure also did not produce substantial cross-tolerance to a benzodiazepine in either hippocampal or cortical neurons. The results suggest that ethanol exposure in vitro has limited effects on synaptic GABA A R function and action-potential independent GABA release in cultured neurons and suggests that ethanol exposure in cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons may not reproduce all of the effects that occur in vivo and in acute brain slices.
The Financial Effect of the Electricity Price Forecasts’ Inaccuracy on a Hydro-Based Generation Company

Electricity price forecasting has a paramount effect on generation companies (GenCos) due to the scheduling of the electricity generation scheme according to electricity price forecasts. Inaccurate electricity price forecasts could cause important loss of profits to the suppliers. In this paper, the financial effect of inaccurate electricity price forecasts on a hydro-based GenCo is examined. Electricity price forecasts of five individual and four hybrid forecast models and the ex-post actual prices are used to schedule the hydro-based GenCo using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The financial effect measures of profit loss, Economic Loss Index (ELI) and Price Forecast Disadvantage Index (PFDI), as well as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of the models are used for comparison of the data from 24 weeks of the year. According to the results, a hybrid model, 50% Artificial Neural Network (ANN)–50% Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), has the best performance in terms of financial effect. Furthermore, the forecast performance evaluation methods, such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), are not necessarily coherent with inaccurate electricity price forecasts’ financial effect measures.
Influence Of Company Size, Audit Opinion, Profitability, Solvency, And Size Of Public Accountant Offices To Delay Audit On Property Sector Manufacturing Companies Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange

Abstrack: This study aims to examine the influence of company size, audit opinion, profitability, solvency, and size of public accounting office on audit delays on property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Every company that has been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange must report its financial statements to the Financial Services Authority (OJK) after being audited by an external auditor. The research design used is causal and descriptive. The data collected is in the form of secondary data from the financial statements of property and real estate companies. Where audit delay measurement is using a dummy between 90 days and more than 90 days, company size is measured by natural logarithm of total assets, audit opinion is measured by a dummy between unqualified (WTP) and besides WTP, profitability is measured by Return on Assets (ROA ), solvency is measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), the size of KAP is measured by a dummy between big four and nonbig four. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression statistical analysis. The results of the study found that only profitability had a negative and significant effect on audit delay. This means that the higher the level of profitability of the company, the faster the time needed by the external auditor to complete the work (audit delay).
Macrophages Express Multiple Ligands for γδ TCRs

As only a handful of ligands have been identified, the general nature of the ligands recognized by γδ T cells remains unresolved. In this study, soluble multimerized γδ T cell receptors (smTCRs) representing the TCRs of two γδ T cell subsets common in the mouse were used to detect and track their own ligands. Ligands for both subsets were found on resident peritoneal macrophages taken from untreated mice, and the expression of both was further induced by Listeria monocytogenes infection. Nevertheless, the two types of ligand differ from one another in abundance, in the kinetics of their induction following Listeria infection, and in their ability to be induced by in vitro culture with LPS. Surprisingly, because both are detectable on normal macrophages, these host-derived ligands are likely expressed constitutively, but are induced to higher levels of expression by stress or inflammation. In contrast to T22 and other known cell-surface ligands for γδ T cells in mice and humans, expression of these smTCR-defined ligands does not depend on β 2 -microglobulin, suggesting that they are not MHC class I or class I-like molecules.
VERAPAMIL BIOAVAILABILITY AND DOSAGE IN LIVER DISEASE

levels between sublingual and intramuscular ergotamine is so striking that it is unlikely for ergotamine 2 mg sublingually to have the same bioavailability as 0.25 mg intramuscularly. Are the two forms of ergotamine then equipotent in their vasoconstrictory effect due to some active metabolites not measured by the specific h.p.l.c. method? Before going into speculations along these lines, we would suggest that the results with fingerplethysmography should be confirmed in a placebo controlled double-blind study with direct measurements of the vasoconstrictory effect of ergotamine. Our main objection against the results with fingerplethysmography is that the effect of the reference form, intramuscular ergotamine, only had a duration of 90 min on venous occlusion blood flow. This short duration of action is not in agreement with recent investigations on arteries with ergotamine (TfeltHansen et al., 1980) and on veins with dihydroergotamine (Aellig, 1981). The duration of these ergot alkaloids vasoconstrictory effect in man was found to be at least 24 and 8 h respectively. Further, a doseresponse curve for the biological effect should be established before the question of biological equipotency can be answered satisfactorily. If proven to be equipotent to parenteral ergotamine in such studies, sublingual ergotamine should undergo a controlled clinical trial in migraine.
Rosiglitazone modulates innate immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum and improves outcome in experimental cerebral malaria

For severe malarial syndromes such as cerebral malaria, adverse clinical outcomes are often immune-mediated rather than caused by the parasite directly; however, few therapeutics have been developed to modulate immunopathological host responses to infection. Here we report that PPAR γ agonists (e.g. rosiglitazone), FDA-approved for unrelated conditions, modulate host response to malaria by enhancing phagocytic clearance of malaria-parasitized erythrocytes and by decreasing inflammatory responses to infection via inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositol-induced MAPK and NF- κ B activation. We show that rosiglitazone modifies inflammatory response to experimental malaria infection in vivo and improves survival in experimental cerebral malaria in the Plasmodium berghei ANKA model even when initiated as late as day 5 post-infection. Furthermore, rosiglitazone reduces parasite burden in a CD36-dependent manner in the Plasmodium chaubaudi hyperparasitemia model. These data suggest that PPAR γ agonists represent a novel class of host immunomodulatory drugs that may have application in the management of severe malaria syndromes.
Mechanism of Strand-Specific Smooth Muscle α -Actin Enhancer Interaction by Purine-Rich Element Binding Protein B (Pur β ) †

Expression of the smooth muscle α -actin gene in growth-activated vascular smooth muscle cells and stromal fibroblasts is negatively regulated by members of the Pur family of single-stranded DNA/ RNA-binding proteins. In particular, Pur α and Pur β are postulated to repress transcription by forming helix-destabilizing complexes with the sense strand of an asymmetric polypurine-polypyrimidine tract containing a canonical MCAT enhancer motif in the 5 ′ region of the gene. Herein, we establish the mechanism of Pur β binding to the purine-rich strand of the enhancer using quantitative methods and purified components. Initial evaluation of DNA-binding specificity and equilibrium stoichiometry via colorimetric-, autoradiographic-, and fluorescence-based assays suggested that Pur β interacts with two distinct G/A-rich sites within the nominal single-stranded enhancer element to form a high affinity 2:1 protein:DNA complex. Statistical mechanical analyses of band shift titrations of the nominal element in conjunction with DNase I footprint titrations of the extended smooth muscle α -actin 5 ′ -flanking region demonstrated that assembly of the nucleoprotein complex likely occurs in a sequential, cooperative, and monomer-dependent fashion. Resolution of the microscopic energetics of the system indicated that monomer association with two non-identical sites flanking the core MCAT motif accounts for the majority of the intrinsic binding affinity of Pur β with intersite cooperativity contributing a ~12-fold increase to the stability of the nucleoprotein complex. These findings offer new insights into the mechanism, energetics, and sequence determinants of Pur β repressor binding to a biologically relevant, contractile phenotype-regulating
REVIEW Drugotaking Compliance: A Review and Synthesis

Patient compliance in taking prescribed drugs is still not well understood despite numerous studies. The state of knowledge through 1976 is reviewed, with some methodological criticisms of compliance studies, and patient, provider, disease, and drug factors associated with compliance are analyzed. Until recently the lack of a well-developed theory or model of compliance behavior was a major problem. Some compliance models based on the health belief model are discussed, and an alternative adaptation of the latter is developed.
Non-abelian cohomology and extensions of Lie algebras

A method for separating a mixture of 5'-phosphorothioate mononucleotides, a mixture of 5'-phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, or a mixture of both 5'-phosphorothioate mononucleotides and 5'-phosphorothioate oligonucleotides comprising electro- phoresis through a gel of at least 12% polymerized linear acrylamide containing at least 50% formamide or other denaturing organic solvent. This method can resolve phosphorothioate oligonucleotides differing by only a single base. Samples of less than 1 nanogram in microliter volumes can be conveniently handled.
Enhancing Thermal Environment Quality with Void and Indoor Garden as Passive Design Strategy towards Sustainable and Healthy Living

Subjective evaluation plays an important role in assessing indoor thermal quality (ASHRAE-55). This study assesses the physical and pyschological aspects of thermal comfort in two modified rooms, namely the Department of Architecture Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta (UMJ) Building Technology Laboratory (Room A) and the Architecture Student Community “Fathirista” Room (Room B). Both rooms have similar microclimate factors (humidity, temperature, radiation and air velocity) were distinguished as one of the room was modified with an additional void and indoor garden space, while another room would be only added indoor garden space. In the experimental process, four types of modification were applied to both rooms. 26 students, who were familiar with the indoor climate environment of the modified rooms, were then asked to experience the four thermal condition modifications and to describe them by completing a Likert scale questionaire as a subjective evaluation step. Through this semi-experimental research, the aim was to discover different levels of thermal comfort experience through a perceptional study as an interpretation of subjective evaluation. The second purpose was to establish whether voids and indoor gardens could significantly affect thermal comfort. The data were analysed with SPSS software, with the results showing that the modified rooms with a void and additional indoor plants (Room A) was the most comfortable room according to the respondents’ subjective evaluation. Even though the respondents had experienced the same thermal environment for years, they had different subjective evaluations towards the four modified conditions.
On stochastic completeness of weighted graphs

In this thesis we are concerned with the long time behavior of continuous time random walks on infinite graphs. The following three related problems are considered. 1. Stochastic completeness of the random walk. We characterize the stochastic completeness of the random walk in terms of function-theoretic and geometric properties of the underlying graph. 2. Uniqueness of the Cauchy problem for the discrete heat equation in certain function classes. We provide a uniqueness class on an arbitrary graph in terms of the growth of the L2-norm of solutions and show its sharpness. An application of this results to bounded solutions yields a criterion for stochastic completeness in terms of the volume growth with respect to a so-called adapted distance. In special cases, this leads to a volume growth criterion with respect to the graph distance as well. 3. Escape rate of the random walk. We provide upper rate functions for stochastically complete random walks in terms of the volume growth function.
Characterization and temporal variation of urban runoff in a cold climate - design implications for SuDS

ABSTRACT This paper characterizes stormwater runoff in a coastal cold climate urban area regarding metal fractionation and particle size distribution to understand the implications for sustainable urban drainage system (SuDS) design. Strong temporal and spatial variations were found for all studied parameters. Suspended and dissolved solids showed up to 10-fold and 44-fold increase, respectively, during salting periods (air temperature <0 °C). Metals were nearly solely associated with the suspended fraction (>1.2 µm), which increased during the salting periods (>97%). Use of snow-tyres and de-icers (gritting sand and NaCl) are more likely to explain the temporal fluctuations, rather than contributions from nearby snow piles. Residential streets might serve as a source of pollutants during the winter months when street sweeping is minimal. These results imply that protection against clogging from excessive sediment loads and use of salts during winter should be the primary focus for SuDS design.
The Association between Community Physical Activity Settings and Youth Physical Activity, Obesity and BMI

Sandy J. Slater, PhD1, Reid Ewing, PhD2, Lisa M. Powell, PhD1, Frank J. Chaloupka, PhD1, Lloyd D. Johnston, PhD3, and Patrick M. O’Malley, PhD3 1University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for Health Research and Policy, Chicago, Illinois 2University of Utah, Department of City and Regional Planning 3University of Michigan, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan
INTRAMYOCELLULAR LIPID QUANTIFICATION: COMPARISON BETWEEN 3.0- AND 1.5-TESLA 1 H MR SPECTROSCOPY

OBJECTIVE— To prospectively compare measurement precision of calf intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) quantification at 3.0T and 1.5T using 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS— We examined the soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of 15 male adults [21–48 years of age, body mass index (BMI)=21.9–38.0 kg/m 2 ]. Each subject underwent 3.0T and 1.5T single-voxel short-echo-time point-resolved 1 H-MRS both at baseline and 31-day follow-up. The IMCL-methylene peak (1.3 ppm) was scaled to unsuppressed water peak (4.7 ppm) using the LCModel routine. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of unsuppressed water peak were measured using jMRUI software. Measurement precision was tested by comparing interexamination coefficients of variation (CV) between different field strengths using Wilcoxon matched pairs rank test in all subjects. Overweight subjects (BMI>25 kg/ m 2 ) were analyzed separately to examine benefits of 3.0T acquisitions in subjects with increased adiposity. RESULTS— No significant difference between 3.0T and 1.5T was noted in CVs for IMCL of soleus ( P =0.5). CVs of TA were significantly higher at 3.0T ( P =0.02). SNR was significantly increased at 3.0T for soleus (64%, P <0.001) and TA (62%, P <0.001), however lower than the expected improvement of 100%. FWHM at 3.0T was significantly increased for soleus (19%, P <0.001) and TA (7%, P <0.01). Separate analysis of overweight subjects showed no significant difference between 3.0T and 1.5T CVs for IMCL of soleus ( P =0.8) and TA ( P =0.4). CONCLUSION— Using current technology, 1 H-MRS for IMCL at 3.0T did not improve measurement precision compared to 1.5T.
Effect of sodium lactate as cryostabilizer on physico-chemical attributes of croaker ( Johnius gangeticus ) muscle protein

Effect of sodium lactate as cryostabilizer on physico-chemical attributes of croaker ( Johnius gangeticus) ﬁ sh muscle protein was studied during freezing and frozen (–20 ± 2°C) storage for 3 months. Minced meat was mixed with 4% sucrose, 4% sorbitol, and 0.3% sodium tri poly phosphate (STPP) (T 1 ), minced meat was mixed with 6% (w/v) sodium lactate and 0.3% STPP (T 2 ) and control (C) was without any additive. The decreasing rate of Ca 2+ ATPase activity, thaw drip, water holding capacity and relative viscosity in T 1 and T 2 samples from that of C was signiﬁ cantly lower, indicating higher protective effect of additives. In case of cryoprotectant treated samples, the degradation of myosin heavy chain was much lower than that of C which prevents the aggregation and subsequent in-solubilization of myosin during frozen storage. The sodium lactate prevented Ca 2+ ATPase activity more than that of sucrose/ sorbitol during isothermal storage at –20 ± 2°C for 3 months. This inferred that sodium lactate can effectively be used as an alternative cryostabilizer to sucrose/sorbitol for stabilization of croaker muscle protein native structure.
The Effects of 17- b Estradiol on Enhancing Proliferation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with self-renewal and multiple differentiation potentials are considered a possible cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the limited amount of MSCs in bone marrow and the loss of differentiation capacity following in vitro expansion restrict their practical application. Effective improvement of MSC proliferation is necessary for the clinical application of MSC-based tissue engineering. The effects of estrogen supplements on proliferation and characterizations of human MSCs were investigated at the present study. Supplements of 17- b estradiol (E2) signiﬁcantly increase the proliferation of human MSCs in vitro. The dose range of E2 to signiﬁcantly increase MSC proliferation differs in the gender of MSC donor. E2 supplementation in cell proliferation maintains characterizations of MSCs, including cell surface markers, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities. These data indicate that estrogen treatment can play an important role in improving human MSCs’ expansion in vitro, which will effectively facilitate MSCs’ function in the practical application of tissue engineering and regeneration.