Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrative analysis of new Clinostomum metacercariae (Digenea, Clinostomidae) using COI mtDNA and morphology rises the number of lineages found in South American freshwater fishes

Abstract Clinostomidae is a diverse family of digenean parasitizing fish-eating birds as adults and fishes as metacercariae. The species composition, within the genus Clinostomum has been steadily increasing in recent years. In Argentina, four named species of Clinostomum have been documented, accompanied by four metacercariae representing distinct genetic lineages whose adults have not been identified. This study focused on examining clinostomids in three fish species – Australoheros scitulus (ASI), Cichlasoma dimerus (CDIM), and Pimelodella laticeps (PLA) – at various localities in Argentina. We conducted both morphological and molecular characterizations of the Clinostomum metacercariae collected from these fish species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using COI mtDNA were performed to determine the placement of these metacercariae within the clinostomid phylogenetic tree. Clinostomum ASC represents a distinct lineage, morphologically distinguishable from other sequenced metacercariae due to its body shape (widest anteriorly and becoming slender towards the posterior end); this lineage was found to be closely related to C. caffarae. While Clinostomum CDIM and Clinostomum PLA exhibited morphological differences, they clustered together genetically with metacercariae reported in previous studies as Clinostomum L3 and Clinostomum CVI. This outcome, coupled with a low genetic distance (0 to 3%), suggests that they are conspecific with metacercariae found in fish across Mexico, Costa Rica, and Argentina. In light of the extensive diversity of fish species in Argentine freshwater ecosystems (over 500 species), and considering the relatively constrained extent of prior investigations, the anticipation of unearthing additional Clinostomum species or lineages is plausible.
Elevated Serotonin in Mouse Spinal Dorsal Horn Is Pronociceptive

Abstract Serotonergic neurons in the rostral ventral medulla (RVM) contribute to bidirectional control of pain through modulation of spinal and trigeminal nociceptive networks. Deficits in this pathway are believed to contribute to pathologic pain states, but whether changes in serotonergic mechanisms are pro- or antinociceptive is debated. We used a combination of optogenetics and fiber photometry to examine these mechanisms more closely. We find that optogenetic activation of RVM serotonergic afferents in the spinal cord of naive mice produces mechanical hypersensitivity and conditioned place aversion (CPA). Neuropathic pain, produced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION), evoked a tonic increase in serotonin (5HT) concentrations within the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (SpVc), measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). By contract, CCI-ION had no effect on the phasic serotonin transients in SpVc, evoked by noxious pinch, and measured with fiber photometry of a serotonin sensor. These findings suggest that serotonin release in the spinal cord is pronociceptive and that an increase in sustained serotonin signaling, rather than phasic or event driven increases, potentiate nociception in models of chronic pain.
A Prognostic Model for Critically Ill Children in Locations With Emerging Critical Care Capacity*

OBJECTIVES: To develop a clinical prediction model to risk stratify children admitted to PICUs in locations with limited resources, and compare performance of the model to nine existing pediatric severity scores. DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center, cohort study. SETTING: PICU of a pediatric hospital in Siem Reap, northern Cambodia. PATIENTS: Children between 28 days and 16 years old admitted nonelectively to the PICU. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Clinical and laboratory data recorded at the time of PICU admission were collected. The primary outcome was death during PICU admission. One thousand five hundred fifty consecutive nonelective PICU admissions were included, of which 97 died (6.3%). Most existing severity scores achieved comparable discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves [AUCs], 0.71–0.76) but only three scores demonstrated moderate diagnostic utility for triaging admissions into high- and low-risk groups (positive likelihood ratios [PLRs], 2.65–2.97 and negative likelihood ratios [NLRs], 0.40–0.46). The newly derived model outperformed all existing severity scores (AUC, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.80–0.88; p < 0.001). Using one particular threshold, the model classified 13.0% of admissions as high risk, among which probability of mortality was almost ten-fold greater than admissions triaged as low-risk (PLR, 5.75; 95% CI, 4.57–7.23 and NLR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.37–0.59). Decision curve analyses indicated that the model would be superior to all existing severity scores and could provide utility across the range of clinically plausible decision thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: Existing pediatric severity scores have limited potential as risk stratification tools in resource-constrained PICUs. If validated, our prediction model would be a readily implementable mechanism to support triage of critically ill children at admission to PICU and could provide value across a variety of contexts where resource prioritization is important.
Providers' Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Electronic Health Records in Identifying Opioid Misuse

Goal: This study aimed to understand prescribing providers' perceptions of electronic health record (EHR) effectiveness in enabling them to identify and prevent opioid misuse and addiction. Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey designed and administered by KLAS Research to examine healthcare providers' perceptions of their experiences with EHR systems. Univariate analysis and mixed-effects logistic regression analysis with organization-level random effects were performed. Principal Findings: A total of 17,790 prescribing providers responded to the survey question related to this article's primary outcome about opioid misuse prevention. Overall, 34% of respondents believed EHRs helped prevent opioid misuse and addiction. Advanced practice providers were more likely than attending physicians and trainees to believe EHRs were effective in reducing opioid misuse, as were providers with fewer than 5 years of experience. Practical Applications: Understanding providers' perceptions of EHR effectiveness is critical as the health outcome of reducing opioid misuse depends upon their willingness to adopt and apply new technology to their standardized routines. Healthcare managers can enhance providers' use of EHRs to facilitate the prevention of opioid misuse with ongoing training related to advanced EHR system features.
A transcriptomics-based drug repositioning approach to identify drugs with similar activities for the treatment of muscle pathologies in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) models

Abstract Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder caused by the reduction of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein levels. Although three SMN-augmentation therapies are clinically approved that significantly slow down disease progression, they are unfortunately not cures. Thus, complementary SMN-independent therapies that can target key SMA pathologies and that can support the clinically approved SMN-dependent drugs are the forefront of therapeutic development. We have previously demonstrated that prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) improved muscle health and survival in severe Smn−/−;SMN2 and intermediate Smn2B/− SMA mice. However, long-term administration of prednisolone can promote myopathy. We thus wanted to identify genes and pathways targeted by prednisolone in skeletal muscle to discover clinically approved drugs that are predicted to emulate prednisolone’s activities. Using an RNA-sequencing, bioinformatics, and drug repositioning pipeline on skeletal muscle from symptomatic prednisolone-treated and untreated Smn−/−; SMN2 SMA and Smn+/−; SMN2 healthy mice, we identified molecular targets linked to prednisolone’s ameliorative effects and a list of 580 drug candidates with similar predicted activities. Two of these candidates, metformin and oxandrolone, were further investigated in SMA cellular and animal models, which highlighted that these compounds do not have the same ameliorative effects on SMA phenotypes as prednisolone; however, a number of other important drug targets remain. Overall, our work further supports the usefulness of prednisolone’s potential as a second-generation therapy for SMA, identifies a list of potential SMA drug treatments and highlights improvements for future transcriptomic-based drug repositioning studies in SMA.
La faune des mares temporaires, son originalité et son intérêt pour la biodiversité des eaux continentales méditerranéennes

Les mares temporaires hebergent des organismes qui doivent s'adapter aux fluctuations de leur habitat. Cette particularite determine l'originalite faunistique de ces milieux. Le peuplement d'invertebres des mares temporaires comprend deux categories d'especes : - les especes migrantes sont des formes ailees (insectes) provenant de milieux aquatiques permanents et qui participent a la colonisation des mares des leur mise en eau. - les especes residentes dont tout le cycle biologique a lieu dans la mare temporaire ; elles se trouvent toujours confrontees a une periode d'assec. Les Crustaces, qui constituent la majorite des especes residentes, reunissent plus de 90% de l'effectif total de la communaute animale peuplant ces mares. Ils representent l'element le plus caracteristique du peuplement car ils sont strictement infeodes a ce biotope par l'intermediaire de leur ecophase de resistance, l'œuf. La colonisation des milieux neoformes et la dynamique temporelle des communautes animales ont ete analysees dans 9 stations significatives.
Dietary supplements, guideline alignment and biochemical nutrient status in pregnancy: Findings from the Queensland Family Cohort pilot study

Abstract In high‐income nations, multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation during pregnancy is a common practice. We aimed to describe maternal characteristics associated with supplement use and daily dose of supplemental nutrients consumed in pregnancy, and whether guideline alignment and nutrient status are related to supplement use. The Queensland Family Cohort is a prospective, Australian observational longitudinal study. Maternal characteristics, nutrient intake from food and supplements, and biochemical nutrient status were assessed in the second trimester (n = 127). Supplement use was reported by 89% of participants, of whom 91% reported taking an MMN supplement. Participants who received private obstetric care, had private health insurance and had greater alignment to meat/vegetarian alternatives recommendations were more likely to report MMN supplement use. Private obstetric care and general practitioner shared care were associated with higher daily dose of supplemental nutrients consumed compared with midwifery group practice. There was high reliance on supplements to meet nutrient reference values for folate, iodine and iron, but only plasma folate concentrations were higher in MMN supplement versus nonsupplement users. Exceeding the upper level of intake for folic acid and iron was more likely among combined MMN and individual supplement/s users, and associated with higher plasma concentrations of the respective nutrients. Given the low alignment with food group recommendations and potential risks associated with high MMN supplement use, whole food diets should be emphasized. This study confirms the need to define effective strategies for optimizing nutrient intake in pregnancy, especially among those most vulnerable where MMN supplement use may be appropriate.
Artificial Intelligence for PET and SPECT Image Enhancement

Nuclear medicine imaging modalities such as PET and SPECT are confounded by high noise levels and low spatial resolution, necessitating postreconstruction image enhancement to improve their quality and quantitative accuracy. Artificial intelligence (AI) models such as convolutional neural networks, U-Nets, and generative adversarial networks have shown promising outcomes in enhancing PET and SPECT images. This review article presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art AI methods for PET and SPECT image enhancement and seeks to identify emerging trends in this field. We focus on recent breakthroughs in AI-based PET and SPECT image denoising and deblurring. Supervised deep-learning models have shown great potential in reducing radiotracer dose and scan times without sacrificing image quality and diagnostic accuracy. However, the clinical utility of these methods is often limited by their need for paired clean and corrupt datasets for training. This has motivated research into unsupervised alternatives that can overcome this limitation by relying on only corrupt inputs or unpaired datasets to train models. This review highlights recently published supervised and unsupervised efforts toward AI-based PET and SPECT image enhancement. We discuss cross-scanner and cross-protocol training efforts, which can greatly enhance the clinical translatability of AI-based image enhancement tools. We also aim to address the looming question of whether the improvements in image quality generated by AI models lead to actual clinical benefit. To this end, we discuss works that have focused on task-specific objective clinical evaluation of AI models for image enhancement or incorporated clinical metrics into their loss functions to guide the image generation process. Finally, we discuss emerging research directions, which include the exploration of novel training paradigms, curation of larger task-specific datasets, and objective clinical evaluation that will enable the realization of the full translation potential of these models in the future.
Impact of a short online course on the accuracy of non-ophthalmic diabetic retinopathy graders in recognising glaucomatous optic nerves in Vietnam

Purpose To test an online training course for non-ophthalmic diabetic retinopathy (DR) graders for recognition of glaucomatous optic nerves in Vietnam. Methods This was an uncontrolled, experimental, before-and-after study in which 43 non-ophthalmic DR graders underwent baseline testing on a standard image set, completed a self-paced, online training course and were retested using the same photographs presented randomly. Twenty-nine local ophthalmologists completed the same test without the training course. DR graders then underwent additional one–to-one training by a glaucoma specialist and were retested. Test performance (% correct, compared with consensus grades from four fellowship-trained glaucoma experts), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating (AUC) curve, were computed. Results Mean age of DR graders (32.6±5.5 years) did not differ from ophthalmologists (32.3±7.3 years, p=0.13). Online training required a mean of 297.9 (SD 144.6) minutes. Graders’ mean baseline score (33.3%±14.3%) improved significantly after training (55.8%±12.6%, p<0.001), and post-training score did not differ from ophthalmologists (58.7±15.4%, p=0.384). Although grader sensitivity reduced before [85.5% (95% CI 83.5% to 87.3%)] versus after [80.4% (78.3% to 82.4%)] training, specificity improved significantly [47.8 (44.9 to 50.7) vs 79.8 (77.3 to 82.0), p<0.001]. Grader AUC also improved after training [66.6 (64.9 to 68.3)] to [80.1 (78.5 to 81.6), p<0.001]. Additional one-to-one grader training by a glaucoma specialist did not further improve grader scores. Conclusion Non-ophthalmic DR graders can be trained to recognise glaucoma using a short online course in this setting, with no additional benefit from more expensive one–to-one training. After 5-hour online training in recognising glaucomatous optic nerve head, scores of non-ophthalmic DR graders doubled, and did not differ from local ophthalmologists. Intensive one-to-one training did not further improve performance
Performance Evaluation of Geometrically Different Pediatric Arterial Cannulae in a Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass Model

Objective To define a reference chart comparing pressure drop vs. flow generated by a set of arterial cannulae currently utilized in cardiopulmonary bypass conditions in pediatric surgery. Methods Cannulae from two manufacturers were selected considering their design and outer and inner diameters. Cannula performance was evaluated in terms of pressure drop vs. flow during simulated cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. The experimental circuits consisted of a Jostra HL-20 roller pump, a Quadrox-i pediatric oxygenator (Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG, Rastatt, Germany), and a custom pediatric tubing set. The circuit was primed with lactated Ringer’s solution only (first condition) and with human packed red blood cells added (second condition) to achieve a hematocrit of 30%. Cannula sizes 8 to 16 Fr were inserted into the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit with a “Y” connector. The flow was adjusted in 100 ml/min increments within typical flow ranges for each cannula. Pre-cannula and post-cannula pressures were measured to calculate the pressure drop. Results Utilizing a pressure drop limit of 100 mmHg, our results suggest a recommended flow limit of 500, 900, 1400, 2600, and 3100 mL/min for Braile arterial cannulae sizes 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 Fr, respectively. For Medtronic DLP arterial cannulae sizes 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 Fr, the recommended flow limit is 600, 1100, 1700, 2700, and 3300 mL/min, respectively. Conclusion This study reinforces discrepancies in pressure drop between cannulae of the same diameter supplied by different manufacturers and the importance of independent translational research to evaluate components’ performance.
The Future of Para Report Cards on Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents With Disabilities-A Global Call for Engagement, Data, and Advocacy.

The Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA) is an international not-for-pro ﬁ t organization of researchers, health professionals, and stakeholders working together to advance the physical activity of children and adolescents around the world. Established in 2014, the AHKGA has a vision of a world of active, healthy kids. The AHKGA is committed to powering the global movement to get kids moving through thought leadership, knowledge translation/exchange and mobilization, capacity building, and advocacy, facilitated by sustainable partnerships and cross-sectoral collaborations that enable best practice exchanges, networking, and cross-fertilization. The dominant effort of the AHKGA has been the Global Matrix initiative (Aubert et al., 2022; Tremblay et al., 2022). The Global Matrix initiative involves the collaboration of multiple countries/jurisdictions working together to produce Report Cards on the physical activity of children and adolescents. The initiative follows a harmonized process that allows for comparability, cross-fertilization of ideas to improve the grades, global networking, and the compilation of international data across a series of indicators related to the physical activity of children and adolescents. To date, > 70 countries/jurisdictions
SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from Late Yanshanian granitic complex in Xiaoxinancha gold-rich copper orefield of Yanbian and its geological implications

The SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the granitic complex in the Xiaoxinancha gold-rich copper orefield was conducted for the first time and, as a result, three concordant ages of zircons were obtained from medium-fine grained biotite monzonitic granite,medium-fine grained biotite granodiorite and porphyraceous hornblende granodiorite respectively, i.e., 98.4～109.0 Ma(weighted average value being(104.6 ±2.5) Ma,Nequal to 10, MSWD equal to 0.71, confidence level being 0.70),98.3～108.3 Ma(weighted average value 106.7± 1.6 Ma,n=12)and 104.4～118.8 Ma(weighted average value 111.7 ± 2.8 Ma,n=12),suggesting that magmatic emplacement took place in 112～104 Ma in order of porphyraceous hornblende granodiorite,medium-fine grained biotite granodiorite and medium-fine grained biotite monzonitic granite. Taking into account their relationships with mineralization in ore-forming elements and geological characteristics and the extensional-torsional features of the ore-controlling fractures, the authors hold that large-scale gold-copper mineralization must have occurred after the formation of porphyraceous hornblende granodiorite,medium-fine grained biotite granodiorite and medium-fine grained biotite monzonitic granite but before the emplacement of the associated dioritic porphyrite, i.e., between 104.6 and 102.1 Ma, and the metallogenic environment was the subduction and extinction of Izanaqi plate towards the ancient Asian continent in late Early Cretaceous and the conversion process of slip or extension structures in eastern China continental margin during the Late Yanshanian orogenic movement.
Archaeological Impact Assessment: The BREBEMI Project (Italy)

The work presented in this contribution forms part of the BREBEMI project, which was set up in response to a major motorway proposal (about 120 km in length) linking the towns of Brescia, Bergamo and Milan in northern Italy. Within this project, for the first time in Italy, a set of non‐invasive procedures is used systematically in order to reduce archaeological risk in advance of motorway construction. This innovative project relies on the methodical collection of information from historical and geographical documentary sources, along with geomorphological analysis, the examination of existing vertical aerial photography, the collection of new data through targeted aerial survey and oblique aerial photography, the acquisition of LiDAR data along the whole of the motorway route (160 km2 at a resolution of 4 points m2) and the systematic collection for very substantial areas of both magnetic (AMP) and geoelectrical (ARP) geophysical data – a total so far of 438 ha of AMP and ARP data (mesh 0.5 × 0.5 m and 0.5 × 0.08 m respectively). Test excavations are planned systematically to verify anomalies and the Superintendency for the Region of Lombardy is also initiating random trenching for a total of 5% of the surveyed area. A GIS platform for the project has been designed to manage and integrate all of the data at every stage of development (from data acquisition in the field to interpretation and field checking) as well as to demonstrate overall patterns and to create predictive models. The objectives of the project are to reduce as far as possible uncertainty about the presence of archaeological remains along the route and in particular to identify areas which should be protected from destruction because of the presence of either upstanding or buried archaeological remains. It is our belief that this project will lead to a great improvement in ‘rescue’ and ‘preventive’ archaeology, not only from technological development but also from a more consistent application of ‘total archaeology’ and a ‘global’ historical approach. Only then will it be possible to reduce the archaeological risk and maximize the archaeological returns from preventive and rescue archaeology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.