Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Prompt-based Models Clueless?

Finetuning large pre-trained language models with a task-specific head has advanced the state-of-the-art on many natural language understanding benchmarks. However, models with a task-specific head require a lot of training data, making them susceptible to learning and exploiting dataset-specific superficial cues that do not generalize to other datasets.Prompting has reduced the data requirement by reusing the language model head and formatting the task input to match the pre-training objective. Therefore, it is expected that few-shot prompt-based models do not exploit superficial cues.This paper presents an empirical examination of whether few-shot prompt-based models also exploit superficial cues.Analyzing few-shot prompt-based models on MNLI, SNLI, HANS, and COPA has revealed that prompt-based models also exploit superficial cues. While the models perform well on instances with superficial cues, they often underperform or only marginally outperform random accuracy on instances without superficial cues.
A Neural Model for Compositional Word Embeddings and Sentence Processing

We propose a new neural model for word embeddings, which uses Unitary Matrices as the primary device for encoding lexical information. It uses simple matrix multiplication to derive matrices for large units, yielding a sentence processing model that is strictly compositional, does not lose information over time steps, and is transparent, in the sense that word embeddings can be analysed regardless of context. This model does not employ activation functions, and so the network is fully accessible to analysis by the methods of linear algebra at each point in its operation on an input sequence. We test it in two NLP agreement tasks and obtain rule like perfect accuracy, with greater stability than current state-of-the-art systems. Our proposed model goes some way towards offering a class of computationally powerful deep learning systems that can be fully understood and compared to human cognitive processes for natural language learning and representation.
A Comparison of Radial Wood Property Variation on Pinus radiata between an IML PD-400 ‘Resi’ Instrument and Increment Cores Analysed by SilviScan

Mature age Pinus radiata D. Don trees were sampled across nine sites in northern New South Wales, Australia, that were expected, based on site quality and inventory metrics, to exhibit significant variation in productivity and wood quality. Twenty trees per site were harvested and 13 mm diameter, pith-to-bark increment cores were extracted from three trees per site from eight of the nine sites for SilviScan analysis. Outerwood increment cores were collected from all trees for basic density measurement. The same trees were also sampled using an IML PD400 (Resi) instrument. Radial mean properties of wood basic density derived from Resi traces were found to correlate strongly with the mean density data derived from SilviScan analyses and from increment cores. The Resi-derived basic density of 10 mm radial segments was strongly correlated with SilviScan measures of basic density averaged at similar intervals.
Increasing physical activity in older adults using STARFISH, an interactive smartphone application (app); a pilot study

Background Increasing physical activity in older adults has preventative and therapeutic health benefits. We have developed STARFISH, a smartphone application, to increase physical activity. This paper describes the features of STARFISH, presents the views of older users on the acceptability and usability of the app and reports the results of a six week pilot study of the STARFISH app in older adults. Methods The operationalisation of the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) within the STARFISH app was mapped against the BCT Taxonomy of Michie et al. Sixteen healthy older adults (eight women and eight men; age 71.1 ± 5.2 years) used the app, in groups of four, for six weeks. Focus groups explored the user experience and objective measure of steps per day recorded. Results Participants were very positive about using the STARFISH app, in particular the embedded BCTs of self-monitoring, feedback and social support (in the form of group rewards). Objective step data, available for eight participants, showed that step counts increased by an average of 14% (p = 0.077, d = 0.56). Conclusion The STARFISH app was acceptable and straightforward to use for older adults. STARFISH has potential to increase physical activity in older adults; however, a fully powered randomised controlled trial is required.
Moffat MOdified Gravity (MOG)

Scalar Tensor Vector Gravity (STVG) or MOdified Gravity (MOG) is a metric theory of gravity with dynamical scalar fields and a massive vector field introduced in addition to the metric tensor. In the weak field approximation, MOG modifies the Newtonian acceleration with a Yukawa-like repulsive term due to a Maxwell–Proca type Lagrangian. This associates matter with a fifth force and a modified equation of motion. MOG has been successful in explaining galaxy rotation curves, cosmological observations and all other solar system observations without the need for dark matter. In this article, we discuss the key concepts of MOG theory. Then, we discuss existing observational bounds on MOG weak field parameters. In particular, we will present our original results obtained from the X-COP sample of galaxy clusters.
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI CLINICAL ISOLATES IN ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA

Introduction. Helicobacter pylori was proved to be the principal causative agent of gastroduodenal disorders in human. Although Russian Federation is among the countries with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection (60–90%), currently there is a very limited number of studies evaluating H. pylori genotypes in Russia. Objective. Based on the assessment of virulence-associated cagA, oipA , and vacA genes, our study was aimed to determine H. pylori genotypes associated with the clinical outcomes in patients with H. pylori infection in St. Petersburg, Northwest Russia. Materials and methods. Using PCR for the detection of cagA, oipA , and vacA s, m, i allelic variants, we analyzed 61 H. pylori isolates isolated and cultured from biopsies collected during endoscopy of patients with chronic gastritis (G), duodenal ulcer (DU), and gastric cancer (GC). Results. The genetic diversity of H. pylori clinical isolates has been revealed (HGDI 0.88): 41 (67%) of 61 H. pylori isolates were cagA -positive, 38 (62%) — oipA -positive. The proportions of cagA+ isolates differed in patients with G (56.7%) and DU (80.9%) (p = 0.06). The s, m, and i allelic variants of the vacA gene were detected in all strains, although the vacA s1 allele was significantly dominant in patients with DU (95.2%) rather than with G (64.9%) (p = 0.01). The vacA alleles m1 and i1 in the isolates from patients with G and DU were found in almost equal proportions: 45.9% and 42.8% for m1 allele, 45.9% and 47.6% for i1 allele, respectively. Seven isolates (11.5%) were positive for different mixed combinations of vacA alleles s, m, and i. Noteworthy, all vacA s2 strains were cagA -negative and had the m2 allele. OipA+ strains were found in almost equal proportions in patients with G (62.2%) and DU (57.1%) (p = 0.71). All three cagA - and oipA -positive isolates from patients with GC carried vacA s1/m1/i1 alleles. Different combinations of virulence-associated determinants constituted 17 genetic profiles. The most common combined genotype cagA+/oipA+/vacA s1/m1/i1 comprised 18 (29.5%) H. pylori isolates. Conclusion. We have determined predominant genotypes in the H. pylori population in the Northwest of Russia. The significant association between vacA s1 genotype of the pathogen and clinical manifestations of H. pylori infection has been established in our study.
Dectin-1Targeting Antigens to Dendritic Cells via Induction and Activation of Human Th17 by

Recent compelling evidence indicates that Th17 confer host immunity against a variety of microbes, including extracellular and intracellular pathogens. Therefore, understanding mechanisms for the induction and activation of Ag-speciﬁc Th17 is important for the rational design of vaccines against pathogens. To study this, we employed an in vitro system in which inﬂuenza hemagglutinin (HA) 1 was delivered to dendritic cells (DCs) via Dectin-1 using anti–human Dectin-1 (hDectin-1)–HA1 recombinant fusion proteins. We found that healthy individuals maintained broad ranges of HA1-speciﬁc memory Th17 that were efﬁciently activated by DCs targeted with anti–hDectin-1–HA1. Nonetheless, these DCs were not able to induce a signiﬁcant level of HA1-speciﬁc Th17 responses even in the presence of the Th17-promoting cytokines IL-1 b and IL-6. We further found that the induction of surface IL-1R1 expression by signals via TCRs and common g -chain receptors was essential for naive CD4 + T cell differentiation into HA1-speciﬁc Th17. This process was dependent on MyD88, but not IL-1R–associated kinase 1/4. Thus, interruptions in STAT3 or MyD88 signaling led to substantially diminished HA1-speciﬁc Th17 induction. Taken together, the de novo generation of pathogen-speciﬁc human Th17 requires complex, but complementary, actions of multiple signals. Data from this study will help us design a new and effective vaccine strategy that can promote Th17-mediated immunity against microbial pathogens. The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 192: 5776–5788.
Lecturers’ Professionality towards Pre-service Teachers’ Perception and Professional Commitment

s: Institutes of Teacher’s Education ( LPTK ) requires to develop some steps to strengthen its internal capacity through lecturer professionalism in shaping pre-service teachers’ perception and professional commitment. Research is needed to create creative and futuristic strategies to overcome the problems: (1) the professionalism of pre-service teacher graduates is still low, (2) Institutes of Teacher’s Education have not met the standard, (3) pre-service teachers have not been professional. The research was conducted in teacher training and education facultyand the subjects were 161 active students (saturated sampling). The Survey method was applied with causal analysis and questionnaire as data collection instrument. Result showed that (1) lecturers were quite professional, (2) students’ perception to teacher profession was very high, (3) pre-service teachers had high commitment to their profession, (4) it had a positive, strong and very significant effectbetween professional lecturer and students’ perception, (5) it had a positive, strong and very significant influence between students’ perception and commitment to their profession.The research recommends: (1) improving the capacity of lecturers’ professionalism, (2) optimizing students' perceptions on professional lecturers, (3) involving parent roles and related research, (4) developing the lecturer professional and research planning (RIP ) policy on learning and academic culture in in Institutes of Teacher’s Education.
A discourse analysis of Malaysian and Singaporean final secondary level mathematics textbooks / Mohd Nazriq Noor Ahmad

This research is prompted by recent developments in i) Malaysia’s world ranking in Mathematics and Science which has seen it slipping from 10th place to 26th in the 2011 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) results, ii) Malaysia’s below average scores in the PISA 2012 tests (the bottom third spot out of 65 countries in Mathematics) and iii) studies showing Malaysian students being demotivated to study subjects that use English as the medium of instruction. Despite its close proximity and shared geo-social history, Singapore on the other hand has maintained very high ranking and standards in mathematics. These issues compel these research questions: How different is Singapore’s mathematics textbook syllabus from Malaysia’s mathematics textbook syllabus in terms of their discourse elements? How do they work together to engage the reader and form the intended understanding of the subject conveyed? In order to compare the discourse patterns found in both Malaysian and Singaporean mathematics textbooks, this research employs various linguistic frameworks proposed by Hyland (2005), Fairclough (2003), Kress & Van Leeuwen (2001), and Scollon & Scollon (2003) to make sense of the data. Preliminary findings and comparisons show that despite having similarities, the students responded differently to the materials presented.
Food Hoarding Intention saat Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia: Peran Peraturan Pemerintah sebagai Food Hoarding Intention during Covid-19 in Indonesia: the Role of Government Regulation as Moderating MATRIK: JURNAL MANAJEMEN, STRATEGI BISNIS

The outbreak of Covid-19 in early 2020 has raised public anxiety because of the uncertainty about the impact of this outbreak. At the beginning of this outbreak, we often encountered unusual purchasing behavior. One of them is by hoarding food or buying basic needs in large quantities in anticipation of the possible impacts during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of risk perception and the three components of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), namely: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on individual intentions to hoard basic needs in order to understand individual responses to pandemic conditions. This study also adds government regulations related to Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) as a moderating variable. This study involved 194 respondents. The data obtained were then processed using the PLS-SEM method. The findings of this study indicate that food hoarding intention is influenced by risk perception and the three TPB components. Meanwhile, PSBB did not moderate the relationship between the three TPB components on food hoarding intention.
Family, Spirituality, and Mental Health in Higher Education

: Family, spirituality and mental health have become important issues in education. The holistic education paradigm views these three variables play a part in determining student development and their academic achievement. Theoretically, family and spirituality affect mental health. Healthy mentality can develop into a functional and supportive family, and the mental health of individuals becomes disrupted when in distressed families. Spirituality also has a positive impact on mental health, especially when a person experiences life pressure. Students who have healthy spirituality will have strong mental resilience when they are in a family and a depressed environment. This study aims to empirically examine the influence of families on mental health with spirituality as a mediator. Total 382 respondents were involved in this study. The level of mental health is measured using a mental health scale, and spirituality is measured using a scale of daily spiritual experience. For family support measured by a family scale developed by Rindfleisch. Regression analysis results showed that family and spirituality have a significant influence on mental health. The results of the spirituality mediation test showed that spirituality mediated the influence of the family on students' mental health. Thus, this study points out that spirituality is an essential aspect of maintaining the mental health of students. Mentally healthy students have the opportunity for academic and developmental success.
Composite Subsets Cancer Patients Are Tumor-Induced Peripheral Blood NK Cells from Breast

Human NK lymphocytes are involved in antitumor immunity. The therapeutic potential of this population against cancers has stimulated their study and led to the discovery of several NK cell subsets, each of which is endowed with different immunoregulatory functions. We have previously reported that NK cell functions are profoundly altered in advanced breast cancer patients. In this study, we show that these tumor-mediated alterations also variably affect NK cell subsets. We found that in addition to the known human CD56 dim CD16 + , CD56 bright CD16 2 , and CD56 2 CD16 + NK cell subsets, two additional subsets, namely the CD56 bright CD16 + and CD56 dim CD16 2 subsets, were increased in the peripheral blood of patients with advanced invasive breast cancers. These subsets corresponded to the main two subsets found at the tumor site. The extensive phenotype of these subsets revealed an “a` la carte” pattern of expression for the various NK receptors, functional molecules, adhesion molecules, and chemokine receptors, depending on the subset. We next compared these subsets to known NK cell populations endowed with speciﬁc phenotypic characteristics, but also with functional properties. Our data show that advanced breast cancer patients have an increased proportion of more immature and noncytotoxic NK cell subsets in their peripheral blood, which might account for at least part of the low cytotoxic functions observed in these patients. They reveal a major heterogeneity and plasticity of the NK cell compartment, which are both tightly linked to the microenvironment. The identiﬁcation of NK cell subsets endowed with particular functional capabilities might help monitor residual antitumor NK cell-mediated responses in breast cancer patients. The Journal of Immunology , 2013, 190: 000–000.
19 | Lessons Learned on Resilience from a Multi-scale Co-creation Methodology From Regional to European Scale

The farming systems (FSs) in Europe faces a broad array of challenges. The ability of FSs to deal with challenges can be assessed with the concept of resilience (Chapter 1). Assessing FSs’ resilience is a complex issue (Folke, 2016; Meuwissen et al., 2020) and can benefit from the stakeholders involvement to move towards a better understanding of the dynamics and interactions that should be addressed. Co-creation is gaining interest as a method to involve stakeholders in reaching the applied research goals (Füller et al., 2011; Prahalad and Ramaswamy, 2004; Romero and Molina, 2009). Due to its interactive nature, cocreation facilitates innovation processes (Frow et al., 2011; Jaakkola et al., 2015) and leads to strong stakeholder engagement and awareness (Byrd, 2007; Carmin et al., 2003). Co-creation activities can be conducted in physical and virtual modes. Focus groups and workshops are traditional physical meetings (Kamberelis and Dimitriadis, 2011; Nanz and Steffek, 2004; Wilkinson, 2004). Digital platforms (also called virtual communities) are rapidly gaining ground, providing stakeholders a new space for interaction and information and opinion sharing. There are several reasons explaining the importance of the digital platforms over the physical modes. First, the digital platforms overcome the physical barriers of the face-to-face activities, favouring the participation of
Emotional State, Psychological Resilience, and Travel Intention to National Forest Park during COVID-19

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the tourism industry worldwide. This study examines the relationships among potential tourists’ emotional states, psychological resilience, and their travel intention to a national forest park in the context of COVID-19. It also investigates the moderating effect of gender. Kanas National Forest Park on the northwestern border of China was chosen as the research case. The survey questionnaires were administered both online and offline to collect data. A total of 492 valid questionnaires were collected (263 from online and 229 from offline) and analyzed in this study. Results demonstrate that visitors’ positive emotions have significant positive effects on their psychological resilience and travel intention. Yet, visitors’ negative emotions have significant negative effects on psychological resilience and travel intention. Moreover, psychological resilience partially mediates the relationship between emotional state and travel intention, indicating that visitors’ positive emotion and negative emotion can not only directly affect travel intention, but also indirectly affect travel intention through psychological resilience. The results of moderating effect analysis indicate that men and women are found to have differences in the experience of emotion, and women are more advised to foster positive emotions and psychological resilience. Visitors are advised to advocate more mutual encouragement, and tourism practitioners are recommended to provide tailored services to reduce travel anxiety. Findings provide implications on emotional regulation for tourists and crisis management strategies for nature-based tourism destinations.
Injuryin Pulmonary Protection during Acute Lung Alveolar Epithelial A2B Adenosine Receptors

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute inﬂammatory lung disease that causes morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. However, there are many instances where ALI resolves spontaneously through endogenous pathways that help to control excessive lung inﬂammation. Previous studies have implicated the extracellular signaling molecule adenosine and signaling events through the A2B adenosine receptor in lung protection. In this context, we hypothesized that tissue-speciﬁc expression of the A2B adenosine receptor is responsible for the previously described attenuation of ALI. To address this hypothesis, we exposed mice with tissue-speciﬁc deletion of Adora2b to ALI, utilizing a two-hit model where intratracheal LPS treatment is followed by injurious mechanical ventilation. Interestingly, a head-to-head comparison of mice with deletion of Adora2b in the myeloid lineage ( Adora2b loxP/loxP LysM Cre + ), endothelial cells ( Adora2b loxP/loxP VE-cadherin Cre + ), or alveolar epithelial cells ( Adora2b loxP/loxP SPC Cre + ) revealed a selective increase in disease susceptibility in Adora2b loxP/loxP SPC Cre + mice. More detailed analysis of Adora2b loxP/loxP SPC Cre + mice conﬁrmed elevated lung inﬂammation and attenuated alveolar ﬂuid clearance. To directly deliver an A2B adenosine receptor–speciﬁc agonist to alveolar epithelial cells, we subsequently performed studies with inhaled BAY 60-6583. Indeed, aerosolized BAY 60-6583 treatment was associated with attenuated pulmonary edema, improved histologic lung injury, and dampened lung inﬂammation.
A quantitative home-use framework for assessing fertility and identifying novel hormone trends by recording urine hormones

Fertility testing using urinary hormones has been used to effectively improve the likelihood of pregnancy. To provide fertility scores, the existing home-use systems measure one or two hormones. However, the hormone profiles vary depending on cycle duration, fertility-related disorders, drugs and other treatments. Here, we introduce Inito, a mobile-phone connected reader that is scalable to multiple hormone tests. In this report, we assess the accuracy of the quantitative home-based fertility monitor, the Inito Fertility Monitor (IFM), and suggest using IFM as a device to monitor and analyse female hormone patterns. There were two aspects of the study: i. evaluation of the efficacy of IFM in quantifying urinary Estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G), pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and ii. A retrospective study of patients' hormone profiles using IFM. We observed that with all three hormones, IFM had an accurate recovery percentage and had a CV of less than 10 percent. Furthermore, in predicting the concentration of urinary hormones, IFM showed a high correlation with ELISA. Using Inito in clinical trials, we report a novel criterion for earlier confirmation of ovulation compared to existing criteria. We also present a novel hormone pattern consistent across most menstrual cycles included in the study. In conclusion, the Inito Fertility Monitor is an effective tool for calculating the urinary concentrations of E3G, PdG and LH and can also be used to provide accurate fertility scores and confirm ovulation. In addition, the sensitivity of IFM facilitates the monitoring of menstrual cycle-related hormone patterns, therefore also making it a great tool for physicians to track the hormones of their patients.