Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Case study on human α1‐antitrypsin: Recombinant protein titers obtained by commercial ELISA kits are inaccurate

Accurate titer determination of recombinant proteins is crucial for evaluating protein production cell lines and processes. Even though enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used assay for determining protein titer, little is known about the accuracy of commercially available ELISA kits. We observed that estimations of recombinant human ø1‐antitrypsin (rø1AT) titer by Coomassie‐stained SDS‐PAGE gels did not correspond to previously obtained titers obtained by a commercially available ELISA kit. This prompted us to develop two independent quantification assays based on biolayer interferometry and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. We compared the rø1AT titer obtained by these assays with three different off‐the‐shelf ELISA kits and found that the ELISA kits led to inconsistent results. The data presented here show that recombinant protein titers determined by ELISA kits cannot be trusted per se. Consequently, any ELISA kit to be used for determining recombinant protein titer must be validated by a different, preferably orthogonal method.
A RE‐APPRAISAL OF THE APPLICATION OF ROCK‐EVAL PYROLYSIS TO SOURCE ROCK STUDIES IN THE NIGER DELTA

Thirty four shale samples from the Tertiary Agbada Formation were analysed for TOC and Rock‐Eval pyrolysis parameters in order to evaluate the effect of oil‐based mud contamination on source‐rock characterization. The samples were obtained from five wells in the offshore Niger Delta over a depth range of 5,460ft to 11,580ft. The results indicated that the raw (unextracted) samples were dominated by Type III kerogen. However, after extraction, both Types II/III and III kerogen were identified, consistent with previous studies. These results demonstrate that it is essential that shale samples should be extracted prior to TOC and Rock‐Eval pyrolysis for accurate source‐rock evaluation.
A possible mechanism of solar modulation of the spatial structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation

[1] The spatial structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in winter differs significantly according to the solar cycle. The NAO is confined to the Atlantic sector during low solar activity (LS), whereas it has a hemispherical structure during high solar activity (HS). The present study focuses on identifying the involved processes. The results of analyses suggest that the solar activity influence originates in the stratopause region, where the mode of interannual variation in the zonal-mean zonal winds changes according to solar activity. In the early winter of HS, the leading zonal wind mode has a meridional dipole-type structure that extends downward from the stratosphere to the troposphere through interaction with planetary waves. The dipole-type anomaly in the zonal winds produces a hemispherical scale seesaw pattern in the surface pressure between the polar region and surrounding regions. Thus the NAO during HS has a hemispherical pattern. During LS, the downward extension of zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies is weak, so the regional-scale variation becomes dominant in the troposphere.
Potential Air Quality Effects of Using Ethanol−Gasoline Fuel Blends: A Field Study in Albuquerque, New Mexico

The use of alternate fuels has been proposed as a method of improving urban air quality by reducing combustion- related pollution. One such program mandates the use of oxygenates in the wintertime to reduce CO emissions in cities such as Albuquerque, NM. A field study was conducted in Albuquerque to determine the atmospheric impacts of the use of ethanol fuels. Atmospheric concentrations of ozone, oxides of nitrogen, CO, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), aldehydes, and organic acids were measured in the summer of 1993, before the use of ethanol fuels, and in the winters of 1994 and 1995, during the use of 10% ethanol fuel (>99%). Data showed increased levels of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and aldehydes in winter. The formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio was 1.4, indicating an anthropogenic source, and PAN and acetaldehyde levels were anti-correlated over short time periods, indicating primary acetaldehyde emissions. A comparison of data taken at rural sites south of the city indicates that although there is a signifi.
VARIAÇÃO RADIAL E LONGITUDINAL DA DENSIDADE BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE Pinus elliottii ENGELM. COM DIFERENTES IDADES

This work aimed to evaluate the radial and axial variations of the Pinus elliottii Engelm. wood density with different ages. To this were felled ten trees of different ages, and discs to 10, 35, 55 and 75% of height the tree, and another at the 1.30 m. These samples were taken at three different positions in the pith-bark (near pith, central region and near bark) for density determination. It was observed a reduction in density from the bottom to top in the longitudinal direction, and the periphery to the center in the radial direction. Older individuals had higher density values.
Carbonaceous aerosol composition over various regions of China during 2006

[1] The elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC) fractions of ambient aerosols were determined by thermo-chemical analysis of 24-h samples collected during 2006 at 18 stations in China located at various rural, urban and remote locations. The annual mean concentration levels are found to be 0.35 ± 0.01 μg EC m−3 and 3.0 ± 0.21 μg OC m−3 for the remote background sites; 3.6 ± 0.93 μg EC m−3 and 16.1 ± 5.2 μg OC m−3 for the regional sites; and 11.2 ± 2.0 μg EC m−3 and 33.1 ± 9.6 μg OC m−3 for the urban sites, respectively. At rural sites representing regionally dispersed aerosols, levels are comparable to other locations in Asia. At all sites, both EC and OC show a consistent seasonal variation with a peak in winter, dropping in spring, reaching a minimum in summer and then increasing in autumn. The ratio of OC to EC is on the order of 3 for the urban locations, but can reach as high as 6 at the rural sites. This may partly be due to the open biomass burning in field of rural area, but may also indicate the presence of a regional background of secondary organic carbon (SOC) in China. These high ratios of OC/EC complicate the assessment of the climatic impacts of carbonaceous aerosols in China, as optical scattering from the high OC concentrations may lead to a cooling effect that counteracts the possible warming caused by EC optical absorption.
Seasonality and fire severity in savanna landscapes of monsoonal northern Australia

Ten years of photo and associated data records from an extensive fire and vegetation effects monitoring programme established in two large north Australian National Parks were used to (1) develop a simple-to-use semiquantitative fire severity index based on observed fire impact on vegetation, particularly leaf-scorch height; and (2) explore relationships between seasonality and fire severity in different landform and vegetation types. Using a three-tiered fire severity scale, data for 719 fires recorded from 178 plots over the period 1995–2004 indicate that the great majority of early dry season (pre-August) fires were of very low severity (fire-line intensities <<1000 kW m–1), whereas fires later in the dry season were typically of substantially greater severity. Similar trends were evident for vegetation occupying all landform types. The utility and limitations of the fire severity index, and implications for ecologic, greenhouse inventory, and remote sensing applications are discussed.
Om ordningen av de territoriale krav på Svalbard

Den forste besiddelsestagen av land pa Svalbard fant sted i 1898 pa Bjornoya. I de folgende ar, 1899, 1900 og 1901, blev der gjort mange okkupasjoner av kullforende omrader bade pa Bjornoya og pa Spitsbergen. Derefter var det noksa stille noen ar, men sa fant der sted en hel del okkupasjoner i 1905, 1906 og 1908, og siden oket denne landnamsvirksomhet sterkt. Den fortsatte til og med 1919, da Parisertraktaten av 9. februar 1920 (Norsk Lovtidende, nr. 9, 28. September 1925, s. 551) som tilkjente Norge suvereniteten over Svalbard, satte en stopper for den.
Right Ventricular Systolic Function in Organic Mitral Regurgitation Impact of Biventricular Impairment

and septal function. RV function is a predictor of postoperative cardiovascular survival, whereas biventricular impairment is a powerful predictor of both cardiovascular and overall survival. ( Circulation. 2013;127:1597-1608.) Doppler in at mitral from Systolic tissue velocity and early diastolic (E and late diastolic (A ʹ ) tissue velocities and the and lateral E/E ʹ ratios calculated. tissue of at the free wall of the RV in most of these patients (n=91).
Seasonal variation of fractionated sea‐salt particles on the Antarctic coast

Aerosol sampling was conducted at Syowa Station, Antarctica (coastal station) in 2004–2006. SO42−depletion by mirabilite precipitation was identified from April through November. The fractionated sea‐salt particles were distributed in ultrafine– coarse modes. Molar ratios of Mg2+/Na+ and K+/Na+ were higher than in bulk seawater ratio during winter–spring. The Mg2+/Na+ ratio in aerosols greatly exceeded the upper limit in the case only with mirabilite precipitation. The temperature dependence of Mg2+/Na+ ratio strongly suggested that higher ratios of Mg2+/Na+ and K+/Na+were associated with sea‐salt fractionation by precipitation of mirabilite at −9°C, hydrohalite at ca. −23°C and other salts such as ikaite at ca. −5°C and gypsum at ca. −22°C during winter–spring. Mg‐salts with lower deliquescence relative humidity can be enriched gradually in the fractionated sea‐salt particles. Results suggests that sea‐salt fractionation can alter aerosol hygroscopicity and atmospheric chemistry in polar regions.
The role of self-determined motivation in the understanding of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations

Abstract Grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), the purpose of the present study was to examine whether amotivation, self-determined and controlling types of motivation could predict a range of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations. Exercisers (n = 375) from ten health clubs in the North of England completed questionnaires measuring exercise motivation, exercise stages of change, number of relapses from exercise, future intention to exercise, barriers self-efficacy, physical self-worth and social physique anxiety. Controlling for age and sex, multiple and logistic regression analyses supported our hypotheses by showing self-determined motivation (i.e. intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) to predict more adaptive behavioural, cognitive and physical self-evaluation patterns than external regulation and amotivation. Introjected regulation was related to both adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis of variance revealed that exercisers in the maintenance stage of change displayed significantly more self-determined motivation to exercise than those in the preparation and action stages. The results illustrate the importance of promoting self-determined motivation in exercisers to improve the quality of their experiences, as well as to foster their exercise behaviour. Future research should examine the mechanisms that promote self-determined motivation in exercise.
N-WASP is required for B-cell – mediated autoimmunity in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

syndrome gene ( WAS ) are responsible for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), a disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity. Mice with conditional deficiency of Was in B lymphocytes (B/WcKO) have revealed a critical role for WAS protein (WASP) expression in B lymphocytes in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Neural WASP (N-WASP) is a broadly expressed homolog of WASP, and regulates B-cell signalingbymodulatingB-cell receptor(BCR)clusteringandinternalization. Wehave generated a double conditional mouse lacking both WASP and N-WASP selectively in B lymphocytes (B/DcKO). Compared with B/WcKO mice, B/DcKO mice showed defective B-lymphocyte proliferation and impaired antibody responses to T-cell-dependent antigens, associated with decreased autoantibody production and lack of autoimmune kidney disease. These results demonstrate that N-WASP expression in B lymphocytes is required for the development of autoimmunity of WAS and may represent a novel therapeutic target in WAS.
New chemostratigraphic data through the Mulde Event interval (Silurian, Wenlock), Gotland, Sweden

The Mid-Silurian (Wenlock) Mulde Event is a globally recognised faunal turnover and extinction event affecting pelagic fauna as well as shallow marine benthos. Time-equivalent strata in the carbonate platform succession of Gotland, Sweden reveal marked changes in the compositions of reefs and the formation of chemical and microbial carbonates in the early aftermath of the extinctions. New high-resolution carbon isotope data from north-eastern Gotland provide information useful for global correlation of this event.
Routine CYP2C19 genotyping to adjust antiplatelet therapy

: Objectives. To evaluate prospectively the clinical impact of routine transmission of CYP2C19 genotype in the management of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with primary PCI. Background. Response to clopidogrel widely differ between patients, notably because of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms. Methods. CYP2C19 genotype (6 alleles) was determined centrally and communicated within ± 1.9 days of primary PCI in 1,445 STEMI patients recruited in in CYP2C19 metabolic status was predicted and served to adjust The primary endpoint was differences in 12-month (death, myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis) between with genotype or gain-of-function 1118) and patients with loss-of-function (LOF) allele N= who received thienopyridine the vast majority of LOF carriers and to similar clinical outcomes than in patients carrying a wild genotype or a gain-of-function allele. abstract Previous retrospective studies have shown an association between CYP2C19 loss of function (LOF) allele, present in up to 30 % of patients, and a higher risk of MACE after acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous intervention. The present study showed the feasibility of routine CYP2C19 genotyping in a cohort of all-comer STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. This technique allowed appropriate treatment adjustment in a vast majority of LOF patients with a significantly beneficial impact on the one-year rate of clinical composite endpoint compared to unadjusted LOF patients and no differences compared to patients with a wild or gain of function genotype. our results suggest that CYP2C19 genotype can be
Amelioration of Large Bile Duct Damage by Histamine-2 Receptor Vivo-Morpholino Treatment

Histamine binds to one of the four G-protein e coupled receptors expressed by large cholangiocytes and increases large cholangiocyte proliferation via histamine-2 receptor (H2HR), which is increased in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Ranitidine decreases liver damage in Mdr2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) (ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 null) mice. We targeted hepatic H2HR in Mdr2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice using vivo-morpholino. Wild-type and Mdr2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice were treated with mismatch or H2HR vivo-morpholino by tail vein injection for 1 week. Liver damage, mast cell (MC) activation, biliary H2HR, and histamine serum levels were studied. MC markers were determined by quantitative real-time PCR for chymase and c-kit. Intrahepatic biliary mass was detected by cytokeratin-19 and F4/80 to evaluate in ﬂ ammation. Biliary senescence was determined by immuno ﬂ uorescence and senescence-associated b -galactosidase staining. Hepatic ﬁ brosis was evaluated by staining for desmin, Sirius Red/Fast Green, and vimentin. Immuno ﬂ uorescence for transforming growth factor- b 1 , vascular endothelial growth factor-A/C, and cAMP/ERK expression was performed. Transforming growth factor- b 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A secretion was measured in serum and/or cholangiocyte supernatant. Treatment with H2HR vivo-morpholino in Mdr2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) e mice decreased hepatic damage; H2HR protein expression and MC presence or activation; large intrahepatic bile duct mass, in ﬂ ammation and senescence; and ﬁ brosis, angiogenesis, and cAMP/phospho-ERK expression. Inhibition of H2HR signaling ameliorates large ductal PSC-induced damage. The H2HR axis may be targeted in treating PSC. (Am J Pathol 2020,
Protein Kinase C ζ Interacts with a Novel Binding Region of Gαq to Act as a Functional Effector*

Heterotrimeric G proteins play an essential role in the initiation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling through specific interactions with a variety of cellular effectors. We have recently reported that GPCR activation promotes a direct interaction between Gαq and protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ), leading to the stimulation of the ERK5 pathway independent of the canonical effector PLCβ. We report herein that the activation-dependent Gαq/PKCζ complex involves the basic PB1-type II domain of PKCζ and a novel interaction module in Gαq different from the classical effector-binding site. Point mutations in this Gαq region completely abrogate ERK5 phosphorylation, indicating that Gαq/PKCζ association is required for the activation of the pathway. Indeed, PKCζ was demonstrated to directly bind ERK5 thus acting as a scaffold between Gαq and ERK5 upon GPCR activation. The inhibition of these protein complexes by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, a known Gαq modulator, led to a complete abrogation of ERK5 stimulation. Finally, we reveal that Gαq/PKCζ complexes link Gαq to apoptotic cell death pathways. Our data suggest that the interaction between this novel region in Gαq and the effector PKCζ is a key event in Gαq signaling.
Neural network classification and novelty detection

Novel data are data belonging to classes not included in the training set of the classifier. Neural network classifiers tend to put these data into the category of patterns that most resemble the novel ones, rather than label them as novel or unknown. This work investigates the ability of the back-propagation neural network architecture to detect novel patterns and concludes that this method is unsuitable for this task. It also explores the applicability of a different neural network architecture, the probabilistic neural network, and finds that this method shows superior performance as an overall classifier when compared to back-propagation and, in addition, is able to identify novel patterns.
The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-revisited.

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY It has been 8 years since the last comprehensive analysis of divergence times across the angiosperms. Given recent methodological improvements in estimating divergence times, refined understanding of relationships among major angiosperm lineages, and the immense interest in using large angiosperm phylogenies to investigate questions in ecology and comparative biology, new estimates of the ages of the major clades are badly needed. Improved estimations of divergence times will concomitantly improve our understanding of both the evolutionary history of the angiosperms and the patterns and processes that have led to this highly diverse clade. • METHODS We simultaneously estimated the age of the angiosperms and the divergence times of key angiosperm lineages, using 36 calibration points for 567 taxa and a "relaxed clock" methodology that does not assume any correlation between rates, thus allowing for lineage-specific rate heterogeneity. • KEY RESULTS Based on the analysis for which we set fossils to fit lognormal priors, we obtained an estimated age of the angiosperms of 167-199 Ma and the following age estimates for major angiosperm clades: Mesangiospermae (139-156 Ma); Gunneridae (109-139 Ma); Rosidae (108-121 Ma); Asteridae (101-119 Ma). • CONCLUSIONS With the exception of the age of the angiosperms themselves, these age estimates are generally younger than other recent molecular estimates and very close to dates inferred from the fossil record. We also provide dates for all major angiosperm clades (including 45 orders and 335 families [208 stem group age only, 127 both stem and crown group ages], sensu APG III). Our analyses provide a new comprehensive source of reference dates for major angiosperm clades that we hope will be of broad utility.
Clinical evaluationof a newmonofocal IOL with enhanced intermediate function in patients with cataract

Methods: Adult subjects scheduled to undergo bilateral, primary phacoemulsification cataract extraction and posterior IOL implantation were randomized to receive the enhanced monofocal ICB00 IOL or the monofocal ZCB00 IOL in both eyes. Monocular endpoints at 6 months included distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA), photopic corrected distance visual acuity, and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA). Binocular visual acuities, monocular corrected distance contrast sensitivity (first eyes), patientreported outcomes, and safety were assessed at 6 months. Results: Overall, 139 patients were bilaterally implanted with the enhanced monofocal IOL (n = 67) or standard monofocal IOL (n = 72) and available for the 6-month visit. The enhanced monofocal IOL significantly improved mean monocular and binocular DCIVA and UIVA by at least 1-line logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution vs the standard monofocal IOL (all P ≤ .0001). Distance vision for the enhanced monofocal IOL was 20/20 or better and comparable with that of the standard monofocal lens at 6 months. Contrast sensitivity, photic phenomena outcomes, and rates of adverse events were similar between the 2 groups.
The weak and superfast Cretan detachment, Greece: exhumation at subduction rates in extruding wedges

Low-angle normal faults (detachments) are only efficient agents for bringing rocks from 40–>100 km depth back to the Earth’s surface if they operate with extreme slip rates exceeding 20 km Ma−1. Here we propose a slip rate of ≧20–30 km Ma−1 for the Cretan detachment in the Aegean, Greece. The Cretan detachment and the subjacent subduction thrust bounded an extruding wedge above the Miocene Hellenic subduction zone. During exhumation the high-pressure rocks in the wedge were not significantly deformed. Very low shear coupling at the bounding faults (which are therefore weak) is needed to prevent significant deformation in the extruding wedge. The proposed slip rate of ≧20–30 km Ma−1 is similar to the subduction rate of 35–45 km Ma−1 at the Hellenic subduction zone. We argue that extruding wedges can only slip at rates similar to subduction rates if there is very low shear coupling at the bounding faults, which may also explain the paradox of almost non-deformed but very rapidly exhumed rocks.