Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide Produces a Higher Complete Response Rate and More Durable Remissions than Fludarabine in Patients with Previously Untreated CLL: Intergroup Trial E2997.

The combination of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) has been noted to produce a high complete response rates in previously untreated patients with CLL. However, it may be accompanied by increased toxicity. To further evaluate its efficacy and toxicity, a phase III randomized study of FC versus Fludarabine (F) was conducted in patients with previously untreated CLL. The study, which was open to accrual from December 23, 1999 to March 19, 2004, closed with 278 patients enrolled, 141 on the FC arm and 137 on the F arm. Four patients declined to receive protocol treatment, including one who was later found to be ineligible. Five additional patients were also deemed ineligible. All patients with data are included in this analysis (intent to treat). Patients on the FC arm received C 600 mg/m 2 iv day 1 and F 20 mg/m 2 iv days 1 through 5, followed by filgrastim 5 mg/kg SC starting approximately day 8. Patients randomized to the F arm received F 25 mg/m 2 iv days 1 through 5. In April 2004, the ECOG Data Monitoring Committee conducted a planned review at 76% information, and determined that the null hypothesis of no difference in CR rates could be rejected. The Data Monitoring Committee gave permission for the submission of abstracts to ASH. The median age of patients was 62 years (34–86), and the median performance status was 1 (0 to 2). As is expected in CLL, 70% of patients were male (194) and 30% were female (83). At study entry, 56% of cases were Rai stages, 0,1 or 2, while 44% were in stage 3 or 4. 57% of patients received the maximum of 6 cycles of therapy. Toxicity data is available on 127 CF and 125 F patients. There were two deaths due to infection with grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (one in each arm). In the CF arm, 17% of patients suffered grade 4 or higher non-hematologic toxicities, while in the F alone arm, 13% had higher grade toxicities (p= 0.48). Additionally, 17% of patients in the FC arm suffered infections versus 11% in the F alone arm (p= 0.21). Response data was available on 246 of the 278 patients. In the FC arm (125 cases), 28 patients achieved CR (22.4%), 60 patients achieved PR (48.0%) for a total of 88 objective responses (70.0%). In contrast, on the F alone arm (121 cases), there were 7 CRs (5.8%), 53 PRs (43.8%) for a total of 60 objective responses (49.6%). The Fisher exact test for the difference in CR rates gives a p-value of 0.0002, while the test for difference in OR rate was 0.001. Currently, 235 patients are alive and 42 have died. Among the 229 patients with information on time to progression, 131 are alive without progression, 78 have progression, and 20 have died without progression. 58 of the 78 with progressive disease remain alive. The preliminary estimates of the median progression free survival time are 41.0 months for the FC arm, and 17.7 months for the F alone arm ( p
Corrigendum to: Party Politics or (Supra-)National Interest? External Relations Votes in the European Parliament

Parliamentary votes on foreign and security policy have often been demonstrations of patriotism and unity. This resonates with the notion that external relations are exempted from party politics, or that politics stops at the water's edge. Its supranational character makes the European Parliament (EP) a particularly interesting laboratory for subjecting this thesis to empirical scrutiny. Analyzing roll-call votes from 1979 to 2014, this article shows that group cohesion and coalition patterns are no different in external relations votes than in other issue areas. Members of the EP (MEPs) do not rally around a European Union flag, nor do MEPs vote as national blocs in votes on foreign and security policy, trade, and development aid. Based on statistical analyses and interviews with parliamentary civil servants, it concludes that the EP stands out by having party politics dominate all business, including external relations.
between preterm and full-term infants Achados fluoroscópicos da deglutição: comparação entre recém-nascidos pré-termo e recém-nascidos de termo

Purpose: To describe the fluoroscopic findings of swallowing in preterm infants with zero to six months of age, as well as the related diseases and clinical signs and symptoms, and to compare these findings with data obtained from full-term infants. Methods: The retrospective findings of fluoroscopic studies carried out in infants with zero to six months of age and their respective files were analyzed. Participants were 40 subjects divided into two groups: Preterm Group, composed by 23 preterm infants, and Full-Term Group, with 17 infants born full-term. Results: Nasopharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux were the main fluoroscopic findings of swallowing in both groups. There was no difference between the groups regarding the presence of swallowing disorders. The Preterm Group presented more cardiac problems than the Full-Term Group. No differences were found between the groups regarding neurologic and respiratory problems. With respect to clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of swallowing disorders, the Preterm Group presented more oxygen desaturation and the Full-Term Group, more vomiting. Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux were the main fluoroscopic findings of swallowing in preterm infants with zero to six months of age. New followup studies with this population must be carried out to confirm the hypothesis that the swallowing alterations observed were due to immaturity in the swallowing function.
Gravity Wave Activities Associated With Convective Phenomena at a Tropical Location Near Land‐Sea Boundary

The seasonal analysis of gravity wave activity has been made for the present tropical location, Kolkata (22.5726°N, 88.3639°E) using radiosonde and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts 60 model level data. Gravity wave generated due to intense tropical cyclone Aila has also been investigated using European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts 91 model level data over the Indian region. The gravity wave energy calculated from temperature and wind perturbation profiles show a significant enhancement during convective activities as indicated by a low outgoing longwave radiation. The pattern of zonal and meridional wind shears plays an important role in determining the seasonal variation of gravity wave activities. An intrusion of water vapor into the lower stratosphere over the cyclone affected region is detected from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts 91 model level data. The dominant vertical wavelengths of gravity waves in the range of 2.5–3.2 km are found from spectral analysis of wind and temperature perturbations during the tropical cyclone.
Mentoring Practices and Lecturers’ Teaching Effectiveness in Universities

The study investigated the relationship between mentoring practices and lecturers’ teaching effectiveness in Universities in Cross River State, Nigeria. Two hundred respondents were drawn from a population 0f 1149 lecturers and used as the study sample. A correlation research design was adopted for the study. Three research hypotheses were raised to guide the study. Two research instruments titled Mentoring Practices Questionnaire (MPQ)” and “Lecturers Teaching Effectiveness Questionnaire (LTEQ)" were developed and validated for data collection. The items in the two instruments were weighted on a 4-point response scale. The reliability of the instruments using Cronbach Alpha method were 0.85 and 0.83 respectively. Data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Results of data analysis revealed that research mentoring, administrative mentoring and mentor-mentee relationship were significantly related to lecturers’ effectiveness in terms of lesson presentation, teaching method and students’ assessment. Recommendations were made, among which was that mentoring for newly appointed lecturers should be encouraged and instituted in universities on formal basis.
Persistence and Change in Morality Policy: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Politics of Abortion in Ireland and Poland

On the issue of abortion, Ireland and Poland have been among the most conservative countries in Europe. Their legal and cultural approaches to this issue have been deeply influenced by the institution of the Catholic Church and its purported role as a defender of an authentic national identity. However, their political climates for abortion reform are increasingly divergent: Ireland has liberalised its abortion law substantially since 2018, while Poland is moving towards further criminalisation with the repeated introduction of restrictive laws in parliament. Both have seen active pro-choice movements who mobilise for reform and widespread non-compliance with their restrictive abortion laws, but the policy impact of these trends varies significantly. What accounts for this difference? This article draws on comparative analysis of Ireland and Poland to assess their divergent trajectories on abortion reform, arguing that the most significant driver of change between the two is the disparity in influence of the Catholic Church on politics and policymaking.
Trends for beta-blockers use in a large cohort of Polish hypertensive patients — Pol-Fokus Study

Background Beta-blockers remain one of the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive drug classes. The aim of the analysis was to evaluate characteristics of patients treated with beta-blockers and factors associated with the treatment of beta-blockers. Material and methods We analysed the data from the large cross-sectional study evaluating 12,375 patients treated for hypertension for at least one year. Results Overall, 7080 patients (57.2% of the whole group) were treated with beta-blockers. The rate of use of beta-blockers was higher in patients with diabetes (62.9 vs 55.6%), coronary artery disease (72.2 vs 46.4%), previous myocardial infarction (82.3 vs 54.1%), heart failure (73.1 vs 53.3%) and arrhythmias (73.1 vs 51.1%) than in patients without those conditions (all comparisons p < 0.001). Beta-blockers were used less frequently among patients with asthma/COPD than without asthma/COPD (54.0 vs 58.0%; p = 0.017). In patients aged 40 years and less, the compelling indications for these agents were found only in 21.7% of patients. In patients aged 40–65 years, none of compelling indications was found in 41.3% of patients. In patients 65 years or more, the most frequent compelling indications were coronary artery disease, previous myocardial infarction and heart failure, which were present in 70.1% of patients. Conclusions High utilization rate of beta-blockers in patients with hypertension, only second to renin-angiotensin blockers, has been shown. In middle age and, especially, in older patients it might reflect high cardiovascular burden of those patients, including coexistence of established cardiac disease. In younger patients beta-blockers are used more frequently with none of the compelling indications present.
Maternal Micronutrient Deficiency during the First Trimester among Indonesian Pregnant Women Living in Jakarta

Restricted fetal growth and development is supported by the adequacy of several micronutrients, andmostly by iron, zinc, calcium, folate and B12 vitamin. This study aims to evaluate the maternal micronutrientstatus from dietary intake and blood sample. A cross-sectional study as part of the micronutrient interventionstudy was carried out in 143 healthy pregnant women during their first visit to the two maternity clinics inJakarta Indonesia (August 2013 – July 2014). Twenty-four hour dietary recall and semi-quantitative foodfrequency questionnaire were used to collect micronutrient intake data, while standard laboratory procedureswere applied to analyze micronutrient status from the blood sample. The dietary assessment data showedinsufficiency of iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, folate and vitamin B12 intake (less than its RDA) among 88.8%,95.1%, 97.9%, 100%, 90% and 78.3%, respectively. In relation iron status, 11.2% of the subjects were anemicand 20.3% had low ferritin level. Zinc deficient was found among 35% of the subjects. Deficiency of calciumand vitamin D were found among 25.2% and 90.2% of the subjects, respectively. Furthermore, deficiency ofboth folate and vitamin B12 were found to be 2.8%. Nutrition counseling and education, and the provision ofmulti-micronutrient fortified food as well as multi-micronutrient supplement specifically designed for mothersshould be started in the earliest time, i.e. starting from the peri-conception period. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE
Ultrasonographic estimation of Thyroid gland volume in healthy subjects of interior Sindh (Province of Pakistan).

Ultrasonography is the most common & easy method to estimate the thyroid gland volume. There is wide variation in the volume of the thyroid gland in normal individuals of different ages, sex, races & geography location. Objectives: To estimate the ultrasonographic thyroid gland volume & its reference range in healthy volunteers of interior Sindh, province of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross Sectional Prospective study. Setting: Conducted in Department of Radiology of PUMHS Nawabshah. Period: From 15 August 2017 to 15 February 2018. Material & Methods: Total 102 healthy subjects were included. The subjects having history of any thyroid disease or surgery, systematic disease, iodine deficiency or taking any drug were excluded. Every subject’s thyroid ultrasound was performed by experienced radiologist & thyroid gland volume of each lobe was calculated. Results: The mean total thyroid gland volume of all study subjects was 9.14+2.97 cm3. The mean volume of right lobe is significantly larger than that of left lobe (5.27+3.82 vs 3.82+1.41, p< 0.005). The mean thyroid volume of the male subjects was larger than in the females (11.67+3.06 vs 8.50+2.87 cm3), the difference between both sexes was statistically significant (p< 0.005) (Table-I). There was no statistically correlation was found between thyroid gland volume with body mass index ((p< 0.005). Conclusion: We tried to contribute to establish the reference values for our local population and further large studies are required to establish national wide reference values of thyroid gland volume.
Designing and Implementing an Enhanced Clinical Program in the Age of Disruption. Part Two: Clinical Activities

Part One 1 of this article addressed key institutional challenges in designing and implementing an enhanced clinical program, informed by a law dean’s perspective on the various institutional and individual interests involved. Part Two of this article engages with some of the key controversies and disruptions with which an enhanced clinical program needs to engage in the 21 st century, one way or another. The underlying theme in this concluding part of the article is the repositioning of legal clinical programs and legal clinicians within their broader and fluid surrounding environments. [1] For Part One: see Horrigan, B. ‘Designing and Implementing an Enhanced Clinical Program in the Age of Disruption. Part One: The Environment for Clinic. ’ International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 26.2 (2019): 75-104.
Pictorial instrument of food and nutrition education for promoting healthy eating

To trace the course of building a pictorial instrument that explores semiotic resources about food and nutrition education. The instrument is directed at the treatment and prevention of obesity, considering the food and nutrition problems of the Brazilian population. The criteria for photo production were: images that could cause visual impact and transmit applied nutrition information, insinuating positive and negative eating practices for promoting healthy eating, and preventing and treating obesity. Themes were created to guide photo production, and preparations, food composition tables, and food labels were used for composing the images. Focus groups were conducted with nonobese and obese women, and dietitians to evaluate image comprehension. The pictorial instrument totaled to 20 photos, with 5 photos in each of the following themes: 'Sweet life, being aware of sugar', about sugar content in sweets and drinks; 'Tasty food with little fat', about fat content in foods; 'Eating well by making the best choices', about food replacements; and 'I take care of myself by eating healthy food, about encouraging fruit and vegetable intakes. The photos contain food, meals, and semiotic resources. The pictorial instrument describes four relevant themes to approach food problems in the Brazilian population. It can easily be used for both preventing and treating obesity, and for promoting healthy eating.
Trust and R&D investments: evidence from OECD countries

Abstract This paper examines two potential mechanisms – access to credit and reduction in relational risks – through which social trust can affect R&D investments. Social trust can increase R&D investments by expanding firms' access to external finance with which they can use to fund promising R&D projects. It can also increase R&D investments by reducing relational risks that expose firms to ex-ante and ex-post holdups or expropriation risks. Using industry-level data on R&D investment intensities in 20 OECD countries, I test these mechanisms by evaluating whether more external finance dependent and relational risk vulnerable industries exhibit disproportional higher R&D investment intensities in trust intensive countries. The results indicate that external finance dependent industries and relational risks vulnerable industries experience relatively higher R&D investment intensities in trust-intensive countries. Therefore, the results underline access to external finance and reduction in relational risks as causal pathways linking social trust and R&D investments.
The Perceived Risk Influence on the E-Loyalty of Online Shoppers in Using Internet of Things

The development of technology has made the need for e-commerce increasingly high. The growth of e-commerce, as one of the applications from the internet of things, in Indonesia has also become more rapid; thus, it brings changes in choices in transactions, from offline purchases to online. One of the essential things in e-commerce is the customers perception of the security of online transactions. This study analyses the role of e-satisfaction and perceived security risk on e-trust and e-loyalty. The research model is examined in 395 e commerce users in Indonesia. The results show that e-trust is able to mediate the relationship between e-satisfaction and perceived security risk to e-loyalty. Customer confidence that transactions conducted on e-commerce are safe will increase e-loyalty more than the effect of risk on e-trust. Satisfaction in online purchases dramatically affects the amount of customer confidence in e-commerce. This research contributes to e-commerce actors in Indonesia to understand the importance of maintaining security in transactions.
Commercialization of Scientific Research Results of Knowledge-Based Companies in the Field of Medical Sciences (Case Study: Iran)

Green economy is considered as the key of sustainable development. In other words, implementing sustainable development is based on attending to green economy. Accordingly, it not only causes the reduction in poverty, the increase in public welfare, health care and the implement of social justice, but also controls governmental performance. This study has aimed to investigate green economy in BRICS countries and library method has been used. Results from the study showed that many new economies including BRICS countries have recognized needs to change to green development strategies but they lack implementing mechanisms including educational actions to promote green economy skills. Changing to green economy has remained week due to inefficient political structure, lack of organizational support and implementing strategies in some countries.
Dental Environment Stress: Findings among Lusophone Dental Students

Objective: To perform cross-cultural adaptation of the Dental Environment Stress (DES), to test its construct validity and reliability, and to identify the sources of stress among Brazilian dental students. Material and Methods: The DES was transculturally adapted to Portuguese using translation/back-translation, review by an expert bilingual committee and consensus building. The first version was tested in a sample of 42 dental students to check the understanding level of the alternatives. The final version was applied to all the students enrolled in a Brazilian Public Dental School. Construct validity was assessed through factor analysis, performed by principal components analysis and Varimax rotation and reliability by internal Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (95% CI). Wilcoxon rank sum was conducted to test for gender and Kruskall-Wallis for year comparison. Multivariate analysis relied on ordinal logistic regression modeling. Results: Factor analysis revealed five factors that possessed eigenvalues greater than 1.5 and together explained 46.88% of the total variance. Internal consistency of each factor was adequate, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. ‘Examinations and grades’ (82.80%) was the highest scored item. Females presented higher rates, as well as second’s and fifth’s years students. The entering students were generally concerned with factors related to “Academic Performance”, whereas clinical year students with “Insecurity Concerning their Professional Future”. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the DES presented good results, thus it could be a valid instrument to assess the factors of perceived stress in Lusophone countries, subsidizing the development of strategies to minimize the stress and optimize school performance.
A study to determine the awareness and behavioral patterns/practice about road safety measures among undergraduate medical students, Bangalore, India-cross sectional study

Background: Road traffic accident’s (RTA’s) is an important global public health problem causing 20 to 50 million non-fatal injuries and 1.25 million deaths annually, currently the 8th leading cause of death globally and predicted to become the 5th leading cause of death by 2030. RTA is one of the leading cause of death among the most productive age group (15-29 years) costing billions of dollars to deal with its consequences. The present study is aimed to determine the awareness and behavioral patterns about road safety measures among undergraduate medical students, Bangalore . Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 540 undergraduate medical students in a medical college, Bangalore from August to October, 2015 by universal sampling technique using a semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Majority of the study participants were aware of traffic signal rules 99.2% and helmets usage 98.8%. 87.7% knew that alcohol consumption is dangerous while driving/riding, 67% were aware of seat belts usage and only 64.8% were aware of usage of hands free devices while driving/riding. Among the 392 two wheeler and 188 four wheeler users, 36.2% and 50% regularly used helmets/seatbelts respectively and 70% followed lane rule. The risky behaviours like jumping traffic signals, riding hands free, drag racing and drunken driving were noted . Conclusions: In order to restrict the epidemic of RTA’s undertaking proper road safety measures are the best available interventions. The overall knowledge and practice of road safety measures was high except in certain areas the practice levels were not desirable which has to be strengthened.