Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen-Induced Changes in Soil Environmental Factors Are More Important Than Nitrification and Denitrification Gene Abundance in Regulating N2O Emissions in Subtropical Forest Soils

Subtropical regions are currently experiencing a dramatic increase in nitrogen (N) deposition; however, the contributions of nitrification and denitrification processes to soil N2O emissions and the underlying mechanisms under increasing N deposition remain unclear. Therefore, a 15N-tracing laboratory experiment with four N application rates (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 μg 15N g–1 soil) was conducted to investigate the response of nitrification- and denitrification-derived N2O to N additions in an evergreen broad-leaved forest (BF) and a Pinus forest (PF) in the Wuyi Mountains in southeastern China. Moreover, the abundance of functional genes related to nitrification (amoA), denitrification (nirK, nirS, and nosZ), and soil properties were measured to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that nitrification-derived N2O emissions were generally decreased with increasing N input. However, denitrification-derived N2O emissions were a non-linear response to N additions, with maximum N2O emissions at the middle N application rate. Denitrification-derived N2O was the dominant pathway of N2O production, accounting for 64 to 100% of the total N2O fluxes. Soil NH4+-N content and pH were the predominant factors in regulating nitrification-derived N2O emissions in BF and PF, respectively. Soil pH and the nirS abundance contributed the most to the variations of denitrification-derived N2O emissions in BF and PF, respectively. Our results suggest that N application has the potential to increase the contribution of denitrification to N2O production in subtropical forest soils. Changes in soil chemical properties induced by N addition are more important than the abundance of nitrification and denitrification functional genes in regulating soil nitrification- and denitrification-derived N2O emissions.
Cognitive Writing Process Characteristics in Alzheimer’s Disease

In this article, we explore if the observation of writing behavior can assist in the screening and follow-up of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To this end, we examined the extent to which overall writing process measures and pausing behavior during writing differed between 15 cognitively impaired patients and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Participants completed two typed picture description tasks that were registered with Inputlog, a keystroke logging program that captures keyboard activity during text production. The following variables were analyzed with mixed-effects models: time on task; number of characters, pauses and Pause-bursts per minute; proportion of pause time; duration of Pause-bursts; and pause time between words. For pause time between words, also the effect of pauses preceding specific word categories was analyzed. Results showed a main effect of group on all variables. In addition, for pause time between words a main effect of part-of-speech was found as well. Results indicate that writing process analysis can possibly serve as a supplementary tool for the screening and follow-up of AD.
Bacterial Proprioception: Can a Bacterium Sense Its Movement?

The evolution of the bacterial flagellum gave rise to motility and repurposing of a signaling network, now termed the chemotaxis network, enabled biasing of cell movements. This made it possible for the bacterium to seek out favorable chemical environments. To enable chemotaxis, the chemotaxis network sensitively detects extracellular chemical stimuli and appropriately modulates flagellar functions. Additionally, the flagellar motor itself is capable of detecting mechanical stimuli and adapts its structure and function in response, likely triggering a transition from planktonic to surface-associated lifestyles. Recent work has shown a link between the flagellar motor’s response to mechanical stimuli and the chemotactic output. Here, we elaborate on this link and discuss how it likely helps the cell sense and adapt to changes in its swimming speeds in different environments. We discuss the mechanism whereby the motor precisely tunes its chemotaxis output under different mechanical loads, analogous to proprioception in higher order organisms. We speculate on the roles bacterial proprioception might play in a variety of phenomena including the transition to surface-associated lifestyles such as swarming and biofilms.
The Relationship Between Nurses' Quality of Work-Life on Organizational Loyalty and Job Performance in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between quality of work-life on the organizational loyalty and job performance in Saudi Arabia. Methods This study used a cross-sectional design for collecting the data related to the nurses' quality of work-life, organizational loyalty, and job performance from nursing staff in Saudi Arabian hospitals. Three questionnaires were used in this study, which includes Quality of Work Life Scale (QWLS), Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ). An online version of the survey questionnaire was generated using the Google survey, to which a link is generated for collecting data. At the end of the survey, 243 responses were received. After removing the incomplete responses, 209 responses were considered for the data analysis. The statistical techniques including t-tests and Pearson's correlation were used in the data analysis. Results Nurse managers reflected good quality of life, and high loyalty toward their employers, and also reflected good job performance levels. However, staff nurses reflected poor quality of work-life, organizational loyalty, and job performance. Training and development had strong positive correlation with continuance commitment (r = 0.628, p < 0.01). Job satisfaction and job security held strong positive correlation with task performance (r = 0.601, p < 0.01) and contextual performance (r = 0.601, p < 0.01). Conclusion Quality of work-life, organization loyalty, and job performance are positively correlated, and poor quality of work-life can negatively impact job performance and organizational loyalty of nurses.
Internal Climate Variability in the Present Climate and the Change in ENSO Amplitude in Future Climate Simulations

In this study, we define a metric for the intensity of internal climate variability (ICV) based on global surface temperature in the present climate and suggest that it can be used to understand the diversity of projected changes in ENSO amplitude in the future. We analyze both the 35-member Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble and the 30-members from Geophysical Fluid Dynamical Laboratory Large Ensemble from the present climate to future climate. While ENSO amplitude tends to decrease from the present climate to the end of 21st century in some ensemble member with a strong ICV during the present climate, it increases or stays the same in other ensemble members with a weak ICV. The result indicates that the intensity of ICV in the present climate in climate models may cause the difference of ENSO amplitude changes in a warmer world. Therefore, the intensity of ICV in the present climate should be cautiously examined in climate models to correctly project the ENSO amplitude changes in a changing climate.
Oregano Essential Oils Mediated Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites and Improved Growth Performance and Intestinal Barrier Function in Sheep

With the increased demand for safe and sustainable alternatives to growth promoting antibiotics in the livestock industry, oregano essential oils (OEO) and Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) have been examined as alternatives to antibiotics for growth promotion and to improve animal health and performance. However, the mechanism underlying the OEO and LR mediation of sheep growth remains unknown. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were used to determine the role of the gut microbiota in the growth improvements observed. The potential modulating roles of intestinal microbial metabolites of OEO and LR to intestinal health were systematically explored as well. It was observed that both OEO and LR had greater average daily gain (ADG) and lower F/G ratio. Furthermore, OEO also appeared to have produced a greater amylase enzyme activity and mucin gene expression in the jejunal mucosa. It was also observed that OEO reduced serum IL-2 and TNF-β as well as mRNA levels of NF-κB p65, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and IL-6 in the jejunal mucosa. Moreover, dietary OEO supplementation increased the abundances of Ruminococcus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus, while the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum, Marvinbryantia and Streptococcus were enriched in LR group. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus and Enterococcus were positively correlated with the mRNA expression of mucins. Moreover, the relative abundance of Enterococcus was positively correlated with amylase activity. Metabolomics analysis indicated that OEO and LR increased the levels of indole acetaldehyde and indole-3-acetic acid through the tryptophan metabolism pathway. It was observed that LR also decreased the inflammatory metabolites including tryptamine and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. Collectively, these results suggested that OEO exerted a beneficial effect on growth performance and the mucosal barrier, affected tryptophan metabolism and improved the intestinal microbiota of sheep.
Persistent Non-pharmacological Pain Management and Brain-Predicted Age Differences in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Chronic Knee Pain

Chronic pain has been associated with changes in pain-related brain structure and function, including advanced brain aging. Non-pharmacological pain management is central to effective pain management. However, it is currently unknown how use of non-pharmacological pain management is associated with pain-related brain changes. The objective of the current study was to examine the association between brain-predicted age difference and use of non-pharmacological pain management (NPM) in a sample of middle-aged and older adults with and without chronic knee pain across two time points. One-hundred and 12 adults (mean age = 57.9 ± 8.2 years) completed sociodemographic measures, clinical pain measures, structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging, and self-reported non-pharmacological pain management. Using a validated approach, we estimated a brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) biomarker, calculated as brain-predicted age minus chronological age, and the change in brain-PAD across 2 years. Repeated measures analysis of covariance was conducted to determine associations of non-pharmacological pain management and brain-PAD, adjusting for age, sex, study site, and clinical pain. There was a significant time*pain/NPM interaction effect in brain-PAD (p < 0.05). Tests of simple main effects indicated that those persistently using NPM had a “younger” brain-PAD over time, suggesting a potential protective factor in persistent NPM use. Future studies are warranted to determine the influence of NPM in brain aging and pain-related neurological changes.
A Hierarchical Graph Learning Model for Brain Network Regression Analysis

Brain networks have attracted increasing attention due to the potential to better characterize brain dynamics and abnormalities in neurological and psychiatric conditions. Recent years have witnessed enormous successes in deep learning. Many AI algorithms, especially graph learning methods, have been proposed to analyze brain networks. An important issue for existing graph learning methods is that those models are not typically easy to interpret. In this study, we proposed an interpretable graph learning model for brain network regression analysis. We applied this new framework on the subjects from Human Connectome Project (HCP) for predicting multiple Adult Self-Report (ASR) scores. We also use one of the ASR scores as the example to demonstrate how to identify sex differences in the regression process using our model. In comparison with other state-of-the-art methods, our results clearly demonstrate the superiority of our new model in effectiveness, fairness, and transparency.
Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors vs. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Frail People With Diabetes Who Were Recently Hospitalized

Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2Is) reduce heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in general type 2 diabetes populations. The objective of this study was to determine whether SGLT-2Is vs. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) are associated with reductions in MACE, HF hospitalizations and mortality in frail people with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of all patients aged ≥30 years with type 2 diabetes discharged from a hospital in Victoria, Australia between January 2014 and March 2018 who received SGLT-2Is or DPP-4Is within 60 days of discharge. Follow-up commenced 60 days after initial discharge, and MACE, HF hospitalization and mortality were recorded. Cox proportional hazards regression with competing risks and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs), was used to generate subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were stratified into frailty quartiles according to Hospital Frailty Risk Scores (HFRS). Results: Of the 32,043 patients, (41.9% female and 5.9% ≥80 years) in the cohort, 5,152 (16.1%) received SGLT-2Is. Overall, SGLT-2I versus DPP-4I recipients had lower rates of MACE (sHR 0.51; 95% CI 0.46–0.56), HF hospitalization (sHR 0.42; 95% CI 0.36–0.49) and mortality (HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.33–0.43). People with HFRSs in the fourth quartile who received SGLT-2Is versus DPP-4Is also had reduced rates of MACE (sHR 0.37; 95% CI 0.29–0.46), HF hospitalization (sHR 0.43; 95% CI 0.33–0.56) and mortality (HR 0.32; 95% CI 0.25–0.41). Conclusion: SGLT-2Is may be preferred to DPP-4Is for preventing MACE, HF hospitalizations and mortality in frail people with type 2 diabetes.
Unstructured Hardness to Average-Case Randomness

The leading technical approach in uniform hardness-to-randomness in the last two decades faced several well-known barriers that caused results to rely on overly strong hardness assumptions, and yet still yield suboptimal conclusions. In this work we show uniform hardness-to-randomness results that simultaneously break through all of the known barriers. Specifically, consider any one of the following three assumptions:1)For some $\epsilon>0$ there exists a function f computable by uniform circuits of size $2^{O(n)}$ and depth $2^{o(n)}$ such that f is hard for probabilistic time $2^{\epsilon n}$. 2)For every $c\in \mathbb{N}$ there exists a function f computable by logspace-uniform circuits of polynomial size and depth n2 such that every probabilistic algorithm running in time nc fails to compute f on $\mathrm{a}(1/n)$-fraction of the inputs.3)For every $c\in \mathbb{N}$ there exists a logspace-uniform family of arithmetic formulas of degree n2 over a field of size poly $(n)$ such that no algorithm running in probabilistic time nc can evaluate the family on a worst-case input. Assuming any of these hypotheses, where the hardness is for every sufficiently large input length $n\in \mathbb{N}$, we deduce that $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{P}$ can be derandomized in polynomial time and on all input lengths, on average. Furthermore, under the first assumption we also show that $\mathcal{B}\mathcal{P}\mathcal{P}$ can be derandomized in polynomial time, on average and on all input lengths, with logarithmically many advice bits. On the way to these results we also resolve two related open problems. First, we obtain an optimal worst-case to average-case reduction for computing problems in linear space by uniform probabilistic algorithms; this result builds on a new instance checker based on the doubly efficient proof system of Goldwasser, Kalai, and Rothblum (J. ACM, 2015). Secondly, we resolve the main open problem in the work of Carmosino, Impagliazzo and Sabin (ICALP 2018), by deducing derandomization from weak and general fine-grained hardness hypotheses. The full version of this paper is available online [5].
A Study on Quality of Life versus Asthma Control in Mild to Moderate Persistent Asthma Patients Treated at a Secondary Care Hospital in Oman International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy

Background: Regardless of severity, persistent asthma impacts significantly on the health-related quality of life. The increasing prevalence of asthma among the Middle East countries accounts for assessing the level of asthma control and quality of life among suffering asthmatics. The study evaluated the health outcomes of asthmatics who received ambulatory care in the Sultanate of Oman. Method: A prospective observational study was conducted on 31 mild to moderate persistent asthma patients at a secondary care setup. Patients satisfying study criteria signed informed consent to enter the study. Quality of life was assessed using the JuniperMini-Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini-AQLQ) and asthma control using the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Descriptive statistics applied for demographics and data presented in percentages and mean ± standard deviation. Independent sample t-test was performed to the severity subgroups of Mini-AQLQ scores and ACT values. Pearsons correlation was done to establish an association of ACT to AQLQ total score. Results: Patients enrolled aged 34.16±2.26 years and 74.2% of patients suffered moderate persistent asthma. About 61.3% of patients reported having allergic rhinitis. The moderate persistent asthmatics reported a poor quality of life (3.8±0.81) compared to patients with mild persistent asthma (4.53±0.84). About 58% of patients were having good asthma control with a mean ACT score 22.5±1.64. The activity limitation and environmental stimuli scores of Mini-AQLQ significantly (p<0.05) correlates with the ACT values of patients signifying the factors ignored for better control over asthma among the population. Conclusion: Moderate persistent asthma patients experienced a poor quality of life and require treatment modifications. Mini-AQLQ is adaptable in the Omani population for QoL evaluation. The activity limitations and environmental stimuli are unavoidable factors to be addressed for the control of asthma among the Omani population to achieve a better quality of life.
Editorial Expression of Concern and Correction

Imagery of motor movement plays an important role in learning of complexmotorskills,fromlearningtoserveintennistoperfectinga pirouette in ballet. What and where are the neural substrates that underlie motor imagery-based learning? We measured electrocorticographic cortical surface potentials in eight human subjects duringovertactionandkinestheticimageryofthesamemovement, focusing on power in “ high frequency ” (76 – 100 Hz) and “ low fre- quency ” (8 – 32 Hz) ranges. We quantitatively establish that the spatial distribution of local neuronal population activity during motor imagery mimics the spatial distribution of activity during actual motor movement. By comparing responses to electrocortical stim- ulation with imagery-induced cortical surface activity, we demon-strate the role of primary motor areas in movement imagery. The magnitude of imagery-induced cortical activity change was ∼ 25% of that associated with actual movement. However, when subjects learned to use this imagery to control a computer cursor in a simple feedback task, the imagery-induced activity change was signi ﬁ - cantly augmented, even exceeding that of overt movement.
Self-access

within the learner of a capacity to take decisive initiatives, then we must provide the learner with resources that he or she can draw on as an individual. According to this view, all language learning turns out to have a self-instructional component and the self-access system is seen not as an alternative to the teacher but as a necessary resource for all language learners (Little & Singleton, 1989: 32).
SLEEP QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN COLLEGE STUDENTS FROM FORTALEZA-CE

The aim in this research was to evaluate the sleep quality of college students in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. A crosssectional study was conducted with 701 students from the Universidade Federal do Ceará, from March to June 2011. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Most students presented poor subjective sleep quality (54%), sleep latency in less than 15 minutes (60.1%) and efficiency under 65% (99%). In the sample, the sleep duration was of 6.3 hours per day (SD±1.4 hours) (p<0.001). Data analysis revealed that a substantial portion of the college students (95.3%) surveyed presented poor sleep quality. It is essential to operationalize health promotion actions at the universities in such a way that the students construct their own quality of sleep. DESCRIPTORS: Sleep. Sleep disorders. Students. Nursing. AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO SONO DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS DE FORTALEZA-CE RESUMO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade do sono de estudantes universitários de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Estudo transversal foi realizado com 701 alunos da Universidade Federal do Ceará, entre março e junho de 2011. Foi aplicado o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. A maioria dos universitários tinha uma qualidade subjetiva do sono ruim (54%), latência e eficiência do sono inferior a 15 minutos (60,1%) e a 65% (99%), respectivamente. A duração do sono da amostra foi de 6,3 horas diárias (DP±1,4 horas) (p<0.001). A análise dos dados evidenciou que parcela substancial dos universitários investigados (95,3%) possui má qualidade do sono. É determinante operacionalizar ações de promoção da saúde nas universidades para que o próprio acadêmico atue na construção da sua qualidade de sono. DESCRITORES: Sono. Transtornos do sono. Estudantes. Enfermagem. EVALUACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DEL SUEÑO DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DE FORTALEZA-CE RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la calidad del sueño de los estudiantes universitarios en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Se realizó una encuesta con los estudiantes de 701 en la Universidad Federal de Ceará entre marzo y junio de 2011. Se utilizó el índice de la Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI). La mayoría de los estudiantes tenía una mala calidad subjetiva del sueño (54%), la latencia del sueño y la eficiencia de menos de 15 minutos (60,1%) y 65% (99%), respectivamente. La duración del sueño de la muestra fue de 6,3 horas por día (SD ± 1,4 horas) (p<0,001). El análisis de los siete componentes del PSQI mostró que una parte sustancial de los estudiantes universitarios encuestados (95,2%) tienen mala calidad del sueño. El análisis de datos reveló que una parte sustancial de la universidad investigado (95,3%) tenían mala calidad del sueño. DESCRIPTORES: Sueño. Transtornos del sueño. Estudiantes. Enfermería. 352