Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous revegetation of mined peatlands in eastern Canada

Many North American peatlands previously mined for horticultural peat have been abandoned recently, al- lowing natural recolonization to occur. The two dominant methods for peat extraction, hand block-cutting and vacuum- mining, have created distinctly different abandoned surfaces, leading to different recolonization patterns. Both types of exploitation can be found throughout eastern Canada where we conducted a vast survey of 26 abandoned mined peatlands in the provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick. The aim of this study is to describe the revegetation pat- terns and to assess the impact of local and regional variables as well as the time since abandonment on Sphagnum re- colonization. We inventoried the vegetation structure in all trenches (2571) and baulks (2595) of abandoned block-cut areas as well as in all vacuum fields (395) of the mechanically mined areas. We also conducted detailed species releves in 242 of these peat fields. In comparison to vacuum-mined peatlands, block-cut peatlands regenerated remarkably well. Approximately 80% of all baulks and trenches in block-cut peatlands had 50% or higher cover of ericaceous shrubs compared with only 16% found on vacuum fields. Herb cover in the three types of abandoned fields was similar to that in natural peatlands. However, Sphagnum percent cover was below 2% in baulks and vacuum fields and was 30% on average in the trenches, which is clearly below cover estimates in natural peatlands. Sphagnum cover and richness were both higher in trenches with thin residual peat deposit, and Sphagnum richness increased with latitude. Our sur- veys revealed that abandoned mined peatlands have a high diversity of peatland vascular plants species and a low di- versity of non-peatland species.
Lucid dream induction by auditory stimulation and reality testing during early-morning sleep

One challenge in lucid dream research executed in a laboratory setting is the reliable induction of lucid dreams. A possible way to solve this issue is the combination of already known and effective induction techniques (Stumbrys, Erlacher, Schadlich, & Schredl, 2012). The present study combines the wake-up-back-to-bed sleep protocol (WBTB) with reality testing and acoustic stimulation by music. The following question was posed: would repeating the same music presented during the waking dream work session during the subsequent REM sleep increase the chance of a lucid dream experience. In total 21 participants spent a single night in the sleep lab. The whole procedure induced in 3 participants a lucid dream (14.3%), however none of those lucid dreams were verified by LRLR eye signal. The success rate of a combination of auditory stimulation with reality testing thus lies below the success rate of other induction techniques. The incorporation of music as a theme was found in 9 (19.6%) out of 69 dream reports which is in accordance with previously reported incorporation rates. Beside the music presentation, other methodological adjustments were made (e.g., shortening of the first part of the night to 4.5 h), which will be discussed and hopefully help further research to increase lucid dream induction rate.
Fine structure and biology of Cryothecomonas gen. nov. (Protista incertae sedis) from the ice biota

The morphology and ultrastructure of four species of Cryothecomonas gen.nov. (Protista incertae sedis) in material from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, and the Isefjord, Denmark, are described. These heterotrophic flagellates, which were initially observed in association with sea ice, display a unique combination of morphological characteristics. At present it is impossible to assign the new genus to an existing higher taxonomic level of protistan flagellates. Cryothecomonas species are furnished with a close-fitting multilayered theca. The two naked anterior flagella emerge through narrow thecal funnels. A transitional helix is part of the flagellar transition zone. A conspicuous cytostome is located in a posterior (lateral) position. Food uptake is mediated through the extension of cytostomal pseudopodia. The nucleus is anteriorly located and contains a conspicuous nucleolus and distinct areas of chromatin. Mitochondrial cristae are tubular. Cryothecomonas species feed on cells in the size range 2–4.5 μm (.
PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA KELOMPOK USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH BROSEM SEMERU

Financial statements are a means used by companies to communicate their activities and performance to stakeholders. Such is the case with UMKM Brosem. Financial reports are also prepared as a form of accountability of fund managers to "stakeholders. Among other groups of SMEs who are members of the UMKM Brosem and the government in the aspect of taxation. This community service activity is expected to provide benefits and provide outputs that can be sustained for the management of Brosem, especially in the aspects of preparing financial statements. So that managers can compile financial reports according to standards, tax calculations in accordance with tax provisions, as well as the determination of the cost of production that is accurate as a basis for determining the selling price. If the financial statements can be prepared properly, it is expected to be able to realize transparent and accountable governance. Based on observations and interviews agreed with the service program partners focused on solving problems related to the preparation of financial statements. Therefore it is necessary to assist in the preparation of financial reports in accordance with EMKM financial reporting standards. KEYWORDS: Brosem Semeru; SAK EMKM; UMKM.
Photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency in sugarcane genotypes subject to water deficit during early growth phase

The objective of this study was to compare the gas exchange, photosynthetic capacity and water potential of sugarcane genotypes cultivated under water deficit conditions imposed during the initial growth phase. Experiments were performed in a greenhouse using two sugarcane genotypes namely: HoCP93-776 (drought susceptible) and TCP02-4587 (drought tolerant). Sixty days after planting, two different water treatments were applied (i.e., with or without water deficit). At 0,30 and 60 days after the treatment, gas exchange variables were evaluated for their relationship with water use, intrinsic instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The SPAD index, photosynthetic pigments, water potential and relative water content in the leaves were also analyzed. The genotype HoCP93-776 was more sensitive to drought treatment as indicated by the significantly lower values of SPAD index, photosynthetic pigments, water potential (Ψw) and relative water content (RWC) variables. The genotype TCP02-4587 had higher water potential, stomatal control efficiency, water use efficiency (WUE), intrinsic instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEintr), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and photosynthetic capacity. The highest air vapor pressure deficit during the drought conditions could be due to the stomatal closing in the HoCP93-776, which contributed to its lower photosynthetic capacity.
Giemsa C-banding Analysis of Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker-Gawl. ex Sprengel and S. sicula Tineo ex Guss. from Turkey

Karyotype and C-banding analyse have been performed to Sternbergia lutea and S. sicula from Turkey. While S. lutea was found to be diploid (2n = 22) and triploid (2n = 33), S. sicula proved to be diploid with 2n = 22. Chromosome lengths in S. lutea and S. sicula are 19.85-5. 15 μm and 17.88-5.16 μm, respectively. While all chromosomes in S. lutea showed centromericC-band, in S. sicula, eight chromosomes carry constitutive heterochromatin, being centromeric on seven and interstitial on one. Three chromosomes, 4, 7 and 10, in S. sicula, show no C-band.Based on these results, the relationships between the two taxa are discussed.
Pair identity — An important factor concerning variation in extra-pair paternity in the coal tit (Parus ater)

In the majority of socially monogamous bird species, extra-pair paternity (EPP) has been shown to be common, while its frequency varies considerably among as well as within species. Our knowledge of factors affecting this variation, however, still remains comparatively poor. A thorough analysis of EPP patterns on an individual level may lead to a better understanding of the general diversity in EPP. Here, we analyse intra- and inter-annual as well as individual variation in the occurrence of EPP in first and second broods of coal tits (Parus ater) in three successive years. Based on a sample of 483 broods with 3559 offspring genotyped, we show that EPP was extraordinarily frequent in the study population, surpassing the values observed in other species of the genus Parus by far. On the population level, the rates of EPP were found to be remarkably similar between years, while there was pronounced intra-annual variation such that EPP rates increased significantly from first to second broods. Considering consecutive broods of individual females and males, the general occurrence of EPP was 'inconsistent' (i.e. EPP often affected only one of two broods), but the proportion of extra-pair young (EPY) per brood showed significant repeatability for both sexes in case of mate retention. When mate change occurred, repeatability collapsed, indicating that pair identity was more important in determining the repeatability of EPP than female or male identity alone. This was further supported by the fact that, besides female and male age, also their interaction (reflecting pair age combination) significantly predicted the proportion of EPY, though not in all breeding periods surveyed. Hence, the identity of the breeding pair (reflecting possible interactions of male and female characteristics) should be explicitly considered and accounted for in future studies investigating patterns of EPP on an individual level. Finally, we show that, depending on the boundary conditions, in principle, all coal tits experience EPP: When analysing three or more broods of the same individual, there were no completely 'faithful' females and also nearly no males, which were not cuckolded at least once.
Reflective materials enhance ‘Fuji’ apple color

Red color development is an important factor for consumer acceptance of California ‘Fuji’ apples. Several attempts to improve red color development, including delaying harvest, have been unsuccessful in warm production areas. In California, late harvest has been associated with physiological problems such as skin cracking and internal browning. A study conducted under the warm San Joaquin Valley conditions reveals a new approach to economically enhance ‘Fuji’ red color. The use of reflective materials between tree rows enhanced red color development without reducing fruit quality under poor and good orchard conditions.
On linking multiyear biometric measurements of tree growth with eddy covariance‐based net ecosystem production

Annual measurements of the diameter growth and litter fall of trees began in 1998 using a 1.0 ha permanent plot beneath a flux tower at the Takayama flux site, central Japan. This opened up an opportunity for studies that compare the interannual variability in tree growth with eddy covariance‐based net ecosystem production (NEP). A possible link between multiyear biometric‐based net primary production (NPP) and eddy covariance‐based NEP was investigated to determine the contribution of autotrophic production and heterotrophic respiration (HR) to the interannual variability of NEP in deciduous forest ecosystems. We also defined the NEP* as the measurable organic matter stored in an ecosystem during the interval in which soil respiration (SR) measurements were taken. The difference of biometric‐based NEP* from eddy covariance‐based NEP within a given year varied between 55% and 105%. Woody tissue NPP (stems and coarse roots) varied markedly from 0.88 to 1.96 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 during the 8‐year study period (1999–2006). Annual woody tissue NPP was positively correlated with eddy covariance‐based NEP (r2=0.52, P<0.05). However, neither foliage NPP (r2=0.03) nor HR (r2=0.06) were correlated with eddy covariance‐based NEP. Therefore, it was hypothesized that interannual variability in the ecosystem carbon exchange was directly responsible for much of the interannual variation in autotrophic production, especially carbon accumulation in the woody components of the ecosystem. Moreover, similar interannual variations of biometric‐based NEP* and eddy covariance‐based NEP with small variations in SR and foliage NPP suggest a constant net accumulation of carbon in nonliving pools at the Takayama site.
Do College Applicants Respond to Changes in Sticker Prices Even When They Don't Matter?

Abstract Do students respond to sticker prices or actual prices when applying to college? These costs differ for students eligible for financial aid. Students who do not understand this may not apply to some colleges because of the perceived high cost. We test for this form of “sticker shock” using College Board data on SAT scores sent, as a proxy for applications, to leading public institutions for students entering college in 2006–13. Some of these institutions guarantee financial aid will meet full financial need. Sticker price increases at those schools would not affect the actual cost after factoring in financial aid and should not affect decisions for those eligible for aid. We exploit the large and variable increases in sticker prices during the Great Recession of 2008. We also control for local labor market conditions to abstract from the recession's impact on individual educational decisions. We find evidence of sticker shock—students unaffected by virtue of institutional aid policies still apply less often. Using data from the National Student Clearinghouse, we also find that price increases at public flagship institutions reduce enrollment of high-achieving students, regardless of financial aid status, who often choose private colleges instead.
A Research on the Quality Features of Ice Cream Produced Using Some Fat Substitutes

The aim of this study was to determine some quality properties of fat-reduced ice creams produced using some fat substitutes: 10% fat ice cream was considered as the control group; 6% Simplesse®100 or 2% Maltrin040 was added as fat substitute to 7.5%, 5% and 2.5% fat ice cream. The organoleptic (firmness, melting resistance, structure, gumminess, melting in mouth, feeling in mouth, icy structure, smoothness, flavor, cream taste, milk powder taste, foreign taste, vanilla taste and general acceptability), physical (viscosity, overrun, melting rate and first drip time) and chemical (dry matter, fat, fat in dry matter, protein, pH, titration acidity and ash) properties of ice cream samples were investigated on the 1st, 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th days of the storage. According to results of the research, the viscosity of 7.5% fat ice cream Maltrin040 or Simplesse®100 added was higher than the control group. Moreover, decrease in fat adversely affected organoleptic properties of the ice cream. As a result of the findings, 7.5% fat ice creams 6% Simplesse®100 added can be recommended for ice creams to be produced by reducing fat ratio. In the near future, the production of ice-creams with fat substitutes at an industrial level will be of great importance for low-energy and vegetable fat dieters.
Student Representation in Solving Story Problems Using Polya Steps

The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study is to look at the representation of students in solving problems about stories. Subjects were selected based on the results of the pretest questions and short interviews conducted on 28 students in 1 class. Of the 28 students who were the subjects of the study, 2 students were chosen representing 2 categories of answers that appeared in 1 class. Each category, namely the category of students who answered correctly and students who answered incorrectly, were randomly assigned to one student for further analysis. The research location was Malang Saladin Middle School. Subjects will be given test questions and will be interviewed to gather information regarding the results of their work. The results of this study indicate that there are still students who have difficulty in solving mathematical problems in the form of story problems. This research also shows that repressance plays an important role in the success of students in solving story problems.
Central GABA‐ergic systems and analgesia

Recent studies regarding the relationship between GABA‐ergic systems and analgesia have been reviewed and analyzed. It seems evident that central GABA‐ergic systems are involved in opiate‐mediated analgesia since oral or parenteral administration of agents that elicit increases in GABA content of the CNS can enhance the actions of opiates (e.g., morphine). Also, oral or parenteral administration of GABA‐agonists (e.g., 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]‐pyridin‐3‐ol; THIP), inhibitors of GABA‐α‐oxoglutarate transaminase (e.g., γ‐vinyl‐GABA), or GABA uptake inhibitors (e.g., nipecotic acid ethyl ester) can produce analgesia. As the analgesia produced by agents that enhance central GABA‐ergic mechanisms is not reversed by naloxone, its further study might lead to the development of centrally active analgesic drugs that do not produce physical dependence/tolerance in man.
Diabetes Prediction using Machine Learning Techniques

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the growing fatal diseases all over the world. It leads to complications that include heart disease, stroke, and nerve disease, kidney damage. So, Medical Professionals want a reliable prediction system to diagnose Diabetes. To predict the diabetes at earlier stage, different machine learning techniques are useful for examining the data from different sources and valuable knowledge is synopsized. So, mining the diabetes data in an efficient way is a crucial concern. In this project, a medical dataset has been accomplished to predict the diabetes. The R-Studio software was employed as a statistical computing tool for diagnosing diabetes. The PIMA Indian database was acquired from UCI repository will be used for analysis. The dataset was studied and analyzed to build an effective model that predicts and diagnoses the diabetes disease earlier.
Effects of pasture management and fertilizer regimes on botanical changes in species‐rich mountain calcareous grassland in Central Europe

A 3-year experiment was conducted in Central Europe to examine the effects of three managements, viz. continuous cattle grazing from April to September, mowing once in July and abandonment of grazing, and two levels of fertilizer application, no fertilizer and 400 kg ha−1 of a NPK fertilizer, on changes in plant species composition and summer biomass of dry matter (DM) in a calcareous mountain grassland containing many plant functional types. Different managements led to changes in species composition due to species-specific responses. Low creeping and rosette species were associated with grazing, while grasses and tall forbs correlated with mowing and abandonment of grazing, probably because of their ability to outcompete rosette species. There was a negative relationship between the number of species and above-ground biomass and a positive relationship between number of species and below-ground biomass, suggesting that these species-rich communities allocate more to below-ground organs when not grazed. The application of fertilizer had no effect on species composition but it indirectly increased competitive asymmetry for light and increased the number of plant extinctions. It is concluded that continuation of cattle grazing is an acceptable form of grassland management at the study site and that species and functional group compositions can rapidly change with changing environmental conditions such as abandonment of grazing or application of fertilizer.
The effect of stocking rate and calving date on grass production, utilization and nutritive value of the sward during the grazing season

A 2-year whole-farm system study compared the accumulation, utilization and nutritive value of grass in spring-calving grass-based systems differing in stocking rate (SR) and calving date (CD). Six treatments (systems) were compared over two complete grazing seasons. Stocking rates used in the study were low (2·5 cows ha−1), medium (2·9 cows ha−1) and high (3·3 cows ha−1), respectively, and mean CDs were 12 February (early) and 25 February (late). Each system had its own farmlet of eighteen paddocks and one herd that remained on the same farmlet area for the duration of the study. Stocking rate had a small effect on total herbage accumulation (11 860 kg DM ha−1 year−1), but had no effect on total herbage utilization (11 700 kg DM ha−1 year−1). Milk and milk solids (MS; fat + protein) production per ha increased by 2580 and 196 kg ha−1 as SR increased from 2·5 to 3·3 cows ha−1. Milk production per ha and net herbage accumulation and utilization were unaffected by CD. Winter feed production was reduced as SR increased. Increased SR, associated with increased grazing severity, resulted in swards of increased leaf content and nutritive value. The results indicate that, although associated with increased milk production per ha, grazed grass utilization and improved sward nutritive value, the potential benefits of increased SR on Irish dairy farms can only be realized if the average level of herbage production and utilization is increased.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRESUMED PHOTORECEPTOR PROTEIN OF Blepharisma japonicum

Abstract— Photosensory responses in the ciliated protozoan Blepharisma japonicum are mediated by a hypericin‐like chromophore, blepharismin, localized in granules distributed under the cell membrane. A blepharismin‐binding protein, with an apparcnt molecular weight ranging between 35 and 38 kDa, has been isolated by means of column separations and preparative isoelectric focusing and characterized by means of gel electrophoresis, analytic isoelectric focusing as well as absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Photosynthetic acclimation of Tradescantia albiflora to growth irradiance: morphological, ultrastructural and growth responses

Tradescantia albiflora (Kunth), a trailing ground species naturally occurring in deep shade in rainforests, has an unusual photosynthetic acclimation profile for growth irradiance. Although capable of increasing its capacity for electron transport, photophosphorylation and carbon fixation when grown in full sunlight, Tradescantia has constant chlorophyll alb ratios, photosystem reaction centre stoichiometry and pigment-protein composition at all growth irradiances (Chow et al. 1991. Physiol. Plant. 81: 175–182). To gain an insight into the compensatory strategies which allow Tradescantia to grow in both high and low lights, plants were grown under shade cloth (100 to 1.4% relative growth irradiance) and leaf and chloroplast attributes were compared. While shade Tradescantia chloroplasts had three times more chlorophyll per chloroplast and twice the length of thylakoid membranes compared to plants grown in full sunlight, the ratios of appressed to nonappressed thylakoid membranes were constant. The average net surface charge density of destacked thylakoids was the same for plants grown at moderate and low-irradiance, consistent with their similar stacking profiles. Tradescantia plants grown in direct sunlight had 10-times more fresh and dry weight per plant compared to plants grown in shade, despite a lower photosynthetic capacity on a leaf area basis with partial photoinhibition. We conclude that having a light-harvesting apparatus permanently locked into the “shade-plant mode” does not necessarily prevent a plant from thriving in high light. Analyses of leaf growth at different irradiances provide a partial explanation of the manner in which Tradescantia compensates for very low photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf in sunlight.