Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF AXIAL PRELOAD ON DOUBLE-LAP BOLTED JOINTS - NUMERICAL STUDY

This paper presents the numerical study of double-lap bolted joint behavior. This type of joint is mainly used in aeronautical structures to transfer the given loads (by both adhesion and by deformation-shearing). Recent articles, based on experimental fatigue tests conducted by AIRBUS, have shown the beneficial effects of preloading on the fatigue life of these joints.Finite element analyses were performed using ABAQUS® to study the behavior of a double-lap single-bolted joint with different plate thicknesses (joint thickness = 0.5d, 1d, 1.5d, 2d 2.5d, 3d, 3.5d and 4d, where d is the bolt diameter). The numerical model provides several important results. In the case of static loads, elasto-plastic constitutive laws of the bolt and the plate materials allowed the process to be simulated on the basis of tension tests.Mechanical aspects of this type of assembly are numerically identified; from the initial state of adhesion to the state of plastic deformation of parts in contact including the stage of generalized slippage. We note that the fracture load increases slightly when the bolted joint is preloaded while the failure area remains the same. In the case of large plate thickness, the connection is subjected to significant bending stresses and this involves strong local plasticization associated with the loss of preload.In the case of cyclic loading, we consider a numerical model based on the simulation of one loading/unloading cycle. A noticeable decrease in initial preload is observed for certain configurations, in particular those with the largest plate thickness. This phenomenon is related to the effect of strain hardening of the bolt during the first loading cycles. Some experimental work by AIRBUS has shown that the fatigue life of assemblies is dependent on the material plate thicknesses.An extension to the case of a multiple-bolted joint (three rows of three bolts) is finally discussed and highlights the evolution of the rate of load transmission with respect to the applied load.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
40 Gbit/s pseudo-linear transmission over one million kilometers

Single-channel 40 Gbit/s pseudo-linear (non-soliton) transmission over 1000000 km of nonzero dispersion fiber is achieved using all-optical 2R regeneration and in-line synchronous modulation after every 400 km (4/spl times/100 km). Measured Q factors are better than 19 dB at several distances from 400 km to 1000000 km.
Diet and Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: The State of the Art and Future Directions

Nutrition plays an important role in pain management. Healthy eating patterns are associated with reduced systemic inflammation, as well as lower risk and severity of chronic non-cancer pain and associated comorbidities. The role of nutrition in chronic non-cancer pain management is an emerging field with increasing interest from clinicians and patients. Evidence from a number of recent systematic reviews shows that optimising diet quality and incorporating foods containing anti-inflammatory nutrients such as fruits, vegetables, long chain and monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and fibre leads to reduction in pain severity and interference. This review describes the current state of the art and highlights why nutrition is critical within a person-centred approach to pain management. Recommendations are made to guide clinicians and highlight areas for future research.
A novel fiber chemical sensor using inner-product multimode fiber speckle fields

Although multimode fiber has a large space-bandwidth product (roughly equal to the number of modes), transmitting spatial signals by using a fiber is rather difficult. Conventional sensing schemes for fiber chemical sensors are based on the intensity and/or spectroscopic absorption or emission of fiber evanescent field of multimode fiber. However, the transmission of spatial signal has not been exploited in the field of chemical sensing. In our research, a novel chemical sensing method that employs the spatial information of a multimode fiber was investigated. When a laser beam is launched into a multimode fiber, the exit light field produces a complicated speckle pattern caused by the modal interference of the fiber. It is difficult to recover the transmitted information from the speckle field. However, the fiber speckle field can be used for fiber sensing with an inner product method. Our analysis and experiments have shown that the fiber specklegram sensor is very sensitive to chemical environment change.
Consumption trends in the UK, 1975-99

How and why has the way in which the average British family spends its money changed over the past 25 years? Those are the key questions examined in this report, using data from the UK FES between 1975 and 1999. It looks not only at broad changes in total spending, but also at how the division of expenditure between basics and non-basics and between durable goods, non-durable goods and services has altered over time.
Electric field strengths created by electrosurgical units

The electromagnetic environment found in hospital operating rooms can be quite hostile to electronic medical devices. The electromagnetic fields existing in the operating rooms are created by both distant sources such as AM and FM broadcast towers as well as local sources such as electrosurgical units. In this paper, results are presented of electric field strengths created by a typical electrosurgical unit. The field strengths are given as a function of frequency. Electric fields as large as 44 V/m were measured 1 meter from the electrosurgical unit. Interference was observed on monitoring equipment in the operating room during operation of the electrosurgical unit. Measurement results can be used by both the manufacturers of medical equipment as well as appropriate standards organizations when evaluating how to minimize the severity of electromagnetic interference in operating rooms. <<ETX>>
Challenges in HF noise characterization and modeling of sub-100nm MOSFETs for RF ICs

This paper presents the challenges in the high-frequency noise characterization and modeling of sub-100nm MOSFETs for radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (IC). In general, it addresses three major issues - accuracy of high-frequency (HF) noise measurements, impact of test structure designs and physics-based noise models for the noise sources of interest - channel noise, induced gate noise and gate tunneling noise. In the first section, different HF measurement techniques, namely Y-factor method and power-equation method are reviewed. The impact due to the difference in the output impedances of a noise source in the hot and the cold states on the measurement accuracy is demonstrated. In the second section, different test structures and de-embedding procedures for noise and scattering parameter de-embedding to get rid of the parasitic effects from the probe pads and interconnections in a device-under-test (DUT) are reviewed. Special considerations on the measurement accuracy are paid to the shift of DC bias conditions. Finally, with the power spectral densities for the noise sources of interest obtained from the intrinsic noise parameters, different physics-based noise models for these noise sources in sub-100nm MOSFETs are discussed. The impact of the channel-length modulation (CLM) effect, the hot electron effect and the velocity saturation effect on the channel thermal noise and the impact of the gate tunneling noise on the noise performance of deep submicron MOSFETs are reviewed.
Estimation of Time Dependent Properties from Surface Pressure in Open Cavities

Abstract : The intense fluctuating pressures observed in open cavities are extremely detrimental hence the ability to control the flow to minimize them is an important challenge. Many open loop methodologies have proven effective at this for single operating conditions, however they often are detrimental at off design conditions. Closed loop flow control is applicable over a range of flow conditions and is the thrust of many current and past studies. However in order to advance its effectiveness there is a need for a better understanding of the flow physics and the effect that control has on it. This study represents a step in the direction of developing the tools that will allow for a better understanding of this flow physics along with an improvement adaptive control methodologies.
ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS (EHD) PUMPING OF LIQUID NITROGEN APPLICATION TO SPOT CRYOGENIC COOLING OF SENSORS AND DETECTORS

Title of Dissertation: ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS (EHD) PUMPING OF LIQUID NITROGEN – APPLICATION TO SPOT CRYOGENIC COOLING OF SENSORS AND DETECTORS Mihai Rada, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Professor Michael M. Ohadi Department of Mechanical Engineering Superconducting electronics require cryogenic conditions as well as certain conventional electronic applications exhibit better performance at low temperatures. A cryogenic operating environment ensures increased operating speeds and improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the bandwidth of analog devices and sensors, while also ensuring reduced aging effect. Most of these applications require modest power dissipation capabilities while having stricter requirements on the spatial and temporal temperature variations. Controlled surface cooling techniques ensure more stable and uniform temporal and spatial temperature distributions that allow better signal-to-noise ratios for sensors and elimination of hot spots for processors. EHD pumping is a promising technique that could provide pumping and mass flow rate control along the cooled surface. In this work, an ion-drag EHD pump is used to provide the pumping power necessary to ensure the cooling requirements. The present study contributes to two major areas which could provide significant improvement in electronics cooling applications. One direction concerns development of an EHD micropump, which could provide the pumping power for micro-cooling systems capable of providing more efficient and localized cooling. Using a 3M fluid, a micropump with a 50 μm gap between the emitter and collector and a saw-tooth emitter configuration at an applied voltage of about 250 V provided a pumping head of 650 Pa. For a more optimized design a combination of saw tooth emitters and a 3-D solder-bump structure should be used. The other major contribution involves the application, for the first time, of the EHD pumping technique to cryogenic liquids. Successful implementation of these cooling techniques could provide on-demand and onlocation pumping power which would allow tight cryogenic temperature control on the cooling surface of sensors, detectors and other cold electronics. Pumping heads of up to 1 Pa with mass flow rates of 0.8 g/s were achieved using liquid nitrogen. Although the pressure head results seem relatively small, the corresponding liquid nitrogen mass flow rate meets the targeted heat removal requirements specific to superconducting sensors and detectors. ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS (EHD) PUMPING OF LIQUID NITROGEN – APPLICATION TO SPOT CRYOGENIC COOLING OF SENSORS AND DETECTORS
Do teachers’ perceived teaching competence and self-efficacy affect students’ academic outcomes? A closer look at student-reported classroom processes and outcomes

Abstract Teachers’ teaching-related competence beliefs such as perceived teaching ability and self-efficacy have been linked to their occupational well-being and external evaluations of instructional quality. However, researchers have struggled to establish a reliable empirical link between teachers’ competence beliefs and students’ academic outcomes. To clarify these puzzling results, this research synthesis reviews different conceptualizations of teachers’ competence beliefs and their hypothesized effects on students, and focuses in particular on student-reported classroom processes and outcomes in authentic K–12 classrooms. This review revealed considerable ambiguity concerning the conceptualization and assessment of teachers’ competence beliefs in empirical research. Furthermore, there is a paucity of empirical evidence testing central assumptions about the associations between different types of beliefs about teaching competence, mediating processes such as instructional quality, and student outcomes in authentic K–12 settings. This research synthesis identifies important gaps in existing research that warrant attention and outlines directions for future research.
Design of a VLS Grating-Lens Hybrid Component for Miniature Spectrometer

we propose a micro varied-line-spacing (VLS) grating-lens hybrid component that integrates the collimation, dispersion and focus functions for use in a miniature spectrometer. We adopt the principle of least wave change to design and optimize the VLS grating pattern on the spherical lens surface, and then build a model in ZEMAX to simulate the spectral resolution performance. The best spectral resolution turns out to be 1nm at the center wavelength of the target wavelength range. The resolution across the wavelength range from 450nm to 650nm is better than 4nm.
Hope and Distress Are Not Associated With the Brain Tumor Stage

Objective Hopelessness and depression are strongly associated with suicidality. Given that physical and psychological outcomes can be altered with hope, hope is a therapeutic goal of increasing importance in the treatment of brain tumor patients. Moreover, it is not yet understood which factors affect the perception of hope in brain tumor patients. In addition, it remains uncertain whether lower-grade brain tumor patients suffer less from psycho-oncological distress than higher-grade brain tumor patients. Methods Neuro-oncological patients were examined perioperatively with the Distress Thermometer (DT) and the Herth Hope Index (HHI). In addition, psychological comorbidities (anxiety GAD-2, depression PHQ-2) and an assessment of general psycho-oncological distress were recorded. Results Sixty-six brain tumor patients were included (median age 53 years, 35% higher-grade brain tumors, i.e., WHO grade III/IV). No differences between higher- and lower-grade brain tumor patients were observed for general psycho-oncological distress and hope. However, higher-grade brain tumor patients showed a significantly higher level of depression (p ≤ 0.001) and more negative expectations regarding therapeutic success (H = 4.873, p ≤ 0.050). The extent of depression correlated negatively with hope. Conclusion Unexpectedly, higher-grade brain tumor patients remained as hopeful as lower-grade brain tumor patients despite the devastating diagnosis, higher levels of depression, and a worse expectation of therapeutic success. Conversely, lower-grade brain tumor patients experience as much psycho-oncological distress as patients with a higher-grade brain tumor, underpinning the imperative need for comprehensive psycho-oncological screening. For all brain tumor patients, considering hope is important to avoid suicides resulting from hopelessness and depression.
Quadruped Robot Balance Control For Stair Climbing Based On Fuzzy Logic

Robots are a tool that is widely developed today, such as Humanoid, Animal, and others. In this study we discussed about animal robots. One such type of robot is Quadruped Robot. The problem that often arises in quadruped robots is that when performing stunts to be able to walk up or climb a ladder, the robot will not be able to walk with the posture adjusting the slope in the arena. This is due to the effect of earth's gravitational force that results in robots always being attracted to earth. This results in the robot's body losing balance and can accelerate damage to the servo motor due to the robot's unbalanced load. With this problem, this paper makes the control system with Fuzzy Logic place the load position in the middle of the COG (center of gravity) to balance the robot on the trajectory. The balance of the robot uses the IMU (Inertia Measurement Unit) position sensor reference with the reference derived from the angle slope (Yaw, Pitch and Roll) which is processed to adjust changes in the x, y and z axes, so that the robot can adapt to the trajectory of the stairs.
Policy Options for Low‐Carbon Power Generation in China: Designing an Emissions Trading System for China's Electricity Sector

China faces the dynamic of rapid economic development that drives ever increasing energy use, primarily electricity, and consequently increasing CO2 emissions. It has taken a pledge to curb its emissions intensity, and is exploring various policy approaches to fulfil that aim, including emissions trading. This report explores the conditions needed for effective functioning of a CO2 emissions trading system in China’s electricity generation sector. It is based on extensive discussions with power generation stakeholders and observers of the electricity sector in China, as well as quantitative analyses of the impact of a CO2 emissions trading system (ETS) at plant, company and provincial levels.
KINEMATICS PARAMETERS OF BASKET BALL JUMP SHOTS PROJECTED FROM VARYING DISTANCE

The purpose of this study was to identify changes in kinematic parameters of jump shots performed by four male and four female intercollegiate basketball players projected from varying distances. Subjects shot their first basket from 10 Et directly in front of the basket and shot until they successfully made three baskets. They then moved back 2 ft for each new distance, until they found a distance from which they could not make 3 succeggful baskets out of 10 attempts. All males reached a distance of 27 ft directly in front of the basket; two females reached 25 ft, one reached 23 ft, and one 19 ft. All attempts were filmed with a Locam camera operating at 100 fps. Nineteen segmental endpoints and ball center of one successful trial from each distance were digitized with a Graf/ Pen sonic digitizer interfaced to an IBM compatible microcomputer with a 486 processor. Raw data were smoothed with a lowpass digital filter using a cutoff frequency individually determined for each point digitized based on a harmonic analysis of the raw data. Mean angle of projection decreased as distance increased (M 10' =53.5 deg, M 27' =42.9 deg; F 10' =54.9 deg, F 23 ' =50 . 2 deg) . Accordingly, mean ball velocity of pro jection increased as distance increased (M 10' = 4.8 m/s, M 27' = 8.2 m/s; F 10' =5.4 m/s, F 23' =8.0 m/s) as did shoulder and elbow angular velocity at release (Shoulder (M 10' =3.2 rad/s, 27' =6.0 rad/s; F 10' =5.0 rad/s, 23' =10.6 rad/s); Elbow (M 10' =7.4 rad/s, M 27' =11.0 rad/s; F 10' =10 rad/s, 23' =15.8 rad/s)]. Mean angle of trunk inclination at release did not change as distance increased for neither males nor females (M = 1. 5 rad, F =1. 6 rad). Ball release occurred at similar vertical positions of center of gravity as distance increased (M 10 ' =1. 4 rn, M 27 ' =1. 5 m; F 10 ' =1. 2 rn, F 23' =1. 2 m). Males released their shots around the peak of their vertical jumps. Females, however, released their shots at the peak of their jump for 10 ' (1 . 2 m), 15 ' (1 . 2 m), and 17 ' (1 . 3 m), but released their shots before reaching the peak of their jump for distances of 19 " 21 " and 23 ' (19 ' peak =1 .4 rn, release =1 .3 m; 21' peak =1.3 rn, release =1.2 m; 23' peak =1.3 rn, release =1.2 m). Therefore, although release height did not change for the females as distance increased, the actual height they jumped did. Mean horizontal displacement of center of gravity increased as distance increased (M 10' =-.02 rn, M 27' = .11 m; F 10' = .02 rn, F 23 ' = .12 m). In general, to accomplish the task of successfully projecting the basketball through the basket from increasing distances directly in front of the basket, the subjects of this investigation decreased their angle of projection, increased velocity of projection, shoulder and elbow angular velocity at release, and increased their vertical and horizontal displacements of their center of gravity.
Modified Kostiakov Infiltration Function: Accounting for Initial and Boundary Conditions

The effect of specific initial and boundary conditions is generally not considered when applying the Kostiakov infiltration functions. A methodology is developed to account for changes in water levels and initial soil moisture. First, Richards’ equation is solved numerically to generate a database of one-dimensional infiltration values, with varying initial (water content or pressure head) and boundary (ponding depth) conditions for three contrasting soils. These are then used to calibrate corresponding coefficients for modified Kostiakov models and, by considering linear regressions, to obtain simple correction factors. Results show that the correction factors are not universally valid, and only the correction to the Kostiakov k parameter shows statistically consistent applicability. However, examples demonstrate potentially significant improvement in the accuracy of irrigation models by correcting the Kostiakov equation to account for initial and boundary conditions.
Archaeology of the Submerged Land-Surface of the Essex Coast

Collectors of prehistoric antiquities have long regarded the foreshore of long stretches of the Essex Coast between the rivers Stour and Blackwater as a prolific hunting ground, and many notable collections, consisting mainly of flints, have been obtained from this area. It is not the purpose of this paper to record these discoveries in detail, but rather to discuss the circumstances under which the antiquities are found, to summarise the main facts relating to the age of the old land-surface now submerged below the sea at high tide, and in conclusion to relate the facts observed on the Essex Coast to the stratigraphy established for the post-glacial deposits of the Fenland basin.
Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Urine Samples of Asymptomatic Male Sexual Partners of Women with Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in males is associated with various cancers, including cervical cancer in women and penile and bladder cancers in men. However, there is limited research on the prevalence and prevention of male HPV infection. Moreover, a rapid test that can prevent the increase in HPV infection is needed. In this study, the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogen (STP) and HPV infection was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in random urine samples collected from asymptomatic male sexual partners of women with sexually transmitted diseases. Among 130 men, 65 (50.0%) had STP and 12 (9.23%) had HPV infection. There was no association between STP and HPV infection. Among 12 cases of HPV infection, three were HPV-16 single infections, six were multiple infections, including HPV-16, and three of other high-risk HPV infections. Our results suggest the need for STP testing, including HPV testing, in sexual partners of high-risk women with sexually transmitted diseases, even in men without clinical symptoms (asymptomatic). Further research should be conducted by diversifying urine samples. We report the most convenient method for HPV detection, and it is expected to be widely applied to prevent sexually transmitted diseases in men and women.