Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of Spanish immigrants on the Trinidad and Tobago’s economy: can Spanish as a second language promote trade?

ABSTRACT This paper examines the extent to which having Spanish as a second language influences trade in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T). Our study is motivated by the inflow of Venezuelan migrants into T&T on account of political and economic tensions in Venezuela. This influx of immigrants can positively impact the T&T economy using the Rybczynski theorem. This is necessary given that the country faces an aging population and a decline in trade with traditional trade partners. Gravity modelling including Pooled OLS, Fixed Effects Model, Random Effects Model and the Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood method are used to examine whether language affects T&T’s extra-regional trade with Spanish speaking countries. It is determined that language is a significant factor in promoting trade in T&T, increasing bilateral trade and exports. The impact of Spanish immigrants on the T&T economy reduces the loss of exports as compared to if Spanish immigrants were absent. We suggest an intensification of the adoption of Spanish as a second language in T&T in order to promote trade with other Spanish speaking countries as it would reduce communication costs.
Improved Downlink Rates for FDD Massive MIMO Systems Through Bayesian Neural Networks-Based Channel Prediction

In frequency-division-duplex (FDD) massive MIMO systems, channel state information (CSI) feedback waiting phase does not get fully exploited since base station needs to wait for the CSI feedback before transmitting downlink data. The proportion of the CSI feedback waiting phase during the downlink transmission would be high as the MIMO system scales up, which sacrifices downlink rates of the FDD massive MIMO systems significantly. In this paper, we first present a channel prediction-aided FDD scheme to utilize the idle waiting time efficiently. Then we propose a novel channel prediction method based on Bayesian neural network (BNN), which can handle the uncertainty in a natural manner and learn regularization from data without painstaking manual pre-tuning of network hyperparameters. Numerical results show that our proposed channel prediction-aided FDD scheme can achieve remarkable performance gains in terms of either achievable downlink rates or bit error rate. Moreover, our proposed BNN-based channel predictor is much more effective and robust in contrast to the state-of-the-art channel prediction techniques such as autoregressive model and recurrent neural network.
New Estimation of the NOx Snow‐Source on the Antarctic Plateau

To fully decipher the role of nitrate photolysis on the atmospheric oxidative capacity in snow‐covered regions, NOx flux must be determined with more precision than existing estimates. Here, we introduce a method based on dynamic flux chamber measurements for evaluating the NOx production by photolysis of snowpack nitrate in Antarctica. Flux chamber experiments were conducted for the first time in Antarctica, at the French‐Italian station Concordia, Dome C (75°06'S, 123°20’E, 3233 m a.s.l) during the 2019–2020 summer campaign. Measurements were gathered with several snow samples of different ages ranging from newly formed drifted snow to 6‐year‐old firn. Contrary to existing literature expectations, the daily average photolysis rate coefficient, JNO3¯ , did not significantly vary between differently aged snow samples, suggesting that the photolabile nitrate in snow behaves as a single‐family source with common photochemical properties, where a JNO3¯ = (2.37 ± 0.35) × 10−8 s−1 (1 σ ) has been calculated from December 10th 2019 to January 7th 2020. At Dome C summer daily average NOx flux, FNOx , based on measured NOx production rates was estimated to be (4.3 ± 1.2) × 108 molecules cm−2 s−1, which is 1.5–7 times less than the net NOx flux observed previously above snow at Dome C using the gradient flux method. Using these results, we extrapolated an annual continental snow sourced NOx budget of 0.017 ± 0.003 Tg · N y−1, ∼ 2 times the nitrogen budget, (N‐budget), of the stratospheric denitrification previously estimated for Antarctica. These quantifications of nitrate photolysis using flux chamber experiments provide a road‐map toward a new parameterization of the σNO3−(λ,T)ϕ(T,pH) product that can improve future global and regional models of atmospheric chemistry.
Managing the second stage of labor: An evidence-based approach

CASE Woman in second stage with prolonged pushing Ms. J. is an 18-year-old woman (G1P0) at 39 weeks’ gestation whose cervix is completely dilated; she has been actively pushing for 60 minutes. The estimated fetal weight is 8 lb, and electronic fetal monitoring shows a Category I fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing. The presenting part remains at 0 station and occiput transverse despite great pushing effort. After another hour of active pushing, the FHR becomes Category II with repetitive variable decelerations. During the third hour of the second stage, Ms. J. is diagnosed with chorioamnionitis and the fetus remains at 0 station. She undergoes a primary cesarean delivery (CD) complicated by bilateral lower uterine extensions and postpartum hemorrhage. The birth weight was 4,100 g, and 5and 10-minute Apgar scores were 4 and 8, respectively. The umbilical cord arterial pH was 7.03. Ms. J. and her baby were discharged home on postoperative day 4.
A Landscape Study Highlights the Urgent Need for Evidence Based Strategies to Enable Electronic Health Records Integration in the National Healthcare Systems of Low- and Middle-Income Countries

A Review of: Kumar, M. , & Mostafa, J. (2020). Electronic health records for better health in lower- and middle-income countries: A landscape study. Library Hi Tech, 38(4), 751–767. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-09-2019-0179 Abstract Objective – To identify how low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) approached the development of national and subnational electronic health records (EHRs) and to understand the challenges related to EHR research priorities and sustainability. Design – Landscape study consisting of a review of the scientific literature, country-focused grey literature, and consultation with international experts. Setting – Hospitals and healthcare systems within LMICs. Subjects – The 402 publications retrieved through a systematic search of four scientific electronic databases along with 49 publications found through a country-focused analysis of grey literature and 14 additional publications found through consultation with two international experts. Methods – On 15 May 2019, the authors comprehensively searched four major scientific databases: Global Health, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. They also searched the grey literature and repositories in consultation with country-based international digital health experts. The authors subsequently used Mendeley reference management software to organize and remove duplicate publications. Peer-reviewed publications that focused on developing national EHRs within LMIC healthcare systems were included for the title and abstract screening. Data analysis was mainly qualitative, and the results were organized to highlight stakeholders, health information architecture (HIA), and sustainability. Main Results – The results were presented in three subsections. The first two described critical stakeholders for developing national and subnational EHRs and HIA, including country eHealth foundations, EHRs, and subsystems. The third section presented and discussed pressing challenges related to EHR sustainability. The findings of the three subsections were further explored through the presentation of three LMIC case studies that described stakeholders, HIA, and sustainability challenges. Conclusion – The results of this landscape study highlighted the scant evidence available to develop and sustain national and subnational EHRs within LMICs. The authors noted that there appears to be a gap in understanding how EHRs impact patient-level and population outcomes within the LMICs. The study revealed that EHRs were primarily designed to support monitoring and evaluating health programs focused on a particular disease or group of diseases rather than common health problems. While national governments and international donors focused on the role of EHRs to improve patient care, the authors highlighted the urgent need for further research on the development of EHRs, with a focus on efficiency, evaluation, monitoring, and quality within the national healthcare enterprise.
How Do Managers and Shareholders Respond to Taxation? An Analysis of the Introduction of the
 UK
 Real Estate Investment Trust Legislation

Corporate finance decisions, measurement of accounting profits and market valuations are invariably made within the framework of a taxation system(s). Previous research indicates both ambiguity over the influence of taxation on managers’ behavior and limitations in the ability of shareholders to process tax information. The establishment of the UK’s Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) regime in 2006 allowed quoted companies to opt out of company level taxation. We examine the reasonableness of managers and shareholders’ responses i.e. their ability to process information. When compared with shareholders, managers demonstrated a greater knowledge of the legislation, and of its applicability. For example, managers appeared to pre-empt the effects of the legislation. This should also act as a warning of the potential downside of increased cooperation between tax policy makers and taxpayers in trying to make more appropriately formed legislation. Further, managers appeared to be willing to trade off the interests of shareholders for their own personal gain which is surprising given the visibility of the REIT conversion process. Although shareholders were willing to pay less in such instances, their apparent inability to prevent this behavior illustrates the limitation of shareholder control over managers’ behavior. We find shareholders can accurately assess the general effects of the legislation but were unable, when combined with company information, to identify specific companies likely to benefit from the legislation. Without any increase in shareholder sophistication, concerns exist over the effectiveness of shareholders in acting as monitors of managers’ tax decision making and decision making more generally.
The effect of tourism development on the ecological footprint in Singapore: evidence from asymmetric ARDL method

ABSTRACT A trade-off may exist between tourism development and ecological footprint in Singapore since this country has been listed as the top-visited country while also the highest ecological deficit region. This study aims to probe the asymmetric effect of tourism development on the ecological footprint in Singapore from 1978 to 2016. By applying the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approach, the outcomes obtained revealed that only positive changes in tourism development significantly and negatively influence the ecological footprint in the long term, while the short-run impact is symmetric. In addition, the empirical results showed that an increase in economic growth leads to a development in the ecological footprint, and the influence of energy consumption is not evident. The findings of this study may provide some implications for Singaporean policy-makers to promote tourism development and sustainable economic growth.
Data- and Model-Based Discharge Hindcasting over a Subtropical River Basin

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a simple Auto-Regressive with eXogenous input (ARX) model, and a gene expression programming (GEP)-based model in one-day-ahead discharge prediction for the upper Kentucky River Basin. Calibration of the models were carried out for the period of 2002–2005 using daily flow at a stream gauging station unaffected by the flow regulation. Validation of the calibrated models were executed for the period of 2008–2010 at the same gauging station along with another station 88 km downstream. GEP provided the best calibration (coefficient of determination (R) value 0.94 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) value of 0.88) and validation (R values of 0.93 and 0.93, NSE values of 0.87 and 0.87, respectively) results at the two gauging stations. While SWAT performed reasonably well in calibration (R value 0.85 and NSE value 0.72), its performance somewhat degraded in validation (R values of 0.85 and 0.82, NSE values of 0.65 and 0.65, for the two stations). ARX performed very well in calibration (R value 0.92, NSE value 0.82) and reasonably well in validation (R values of 0.88 and 0.92, NSE values of 0.76 and 0.85) at the two stations. Research results suggest that sophisticated hydrological models could be outperformed by simple data-driven models and GEP has the advantage to generate functional relationships that allows investigation of the complex nonlinear interrelationships among the input variables.
Ethnic-Racial Identity and Adolescents’ Positive Development in the Context of Ethnic-Racial Marginalization: Unpacking Risk and Resilience

We review theoretical and empirical evidence that helps us understand how a developmental competency, namely ethnic-racial identity (ERI), can promote positive youth development and, in doing so, can help address ethnic-racial disparities resulting from systemic racism. We review this work from a risk and resilience perspective, elucidating different mechanisms of promotion and protection in the context of ethnoracially based risk. Understanding the conditions under which (and the mechanisms by which) certain ERI domains promote and inhibit adjustment can help us support ERI development among youth of color. Ultimately, we argue that ERI development among youth of color is one important avenue toward reducing ethnic-racial disparities in key developmental outcomes and, thus, disrupting cycles of inequity caused and perpetuated by systemic racism.
Analysis of the Results of DNA Isolation from Chicken Feather Sampled from the Base of the Young Feathers, the base of the Old Feathers and the Ends of the Feathers

Background: The Microbiology and Molecular Biology testing laboratory at the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency in Gorontalo analyzed the results of DNA isolation from chicken feathers obtained from the base of young feathers, the base of elderly feathers, and the tips of the feathers. The goal was to provide information on the use of DNA templates in chicken samples so that the molecular research sampling process may employ feathers instead of hurting the test animals. The sample used consisted of 10 Bangkok chickens which were sampled for young feathers and old feathers and the tips of the feathers. Method: Quantitative techniques by comparing the results of DNA isolation which were analyzed using a nano photometer and then confirmed using real-time PCR with the SYBR green method. Result: The analysis of purity and concentration showed that at the base of young chicken feathers, the average value of purity was at 1,790, with an average value of the concentration of 4,210. At the base of the old feather, the average value of purity was 0.638, with an average concentration value that was not detected. Likewise, at the tip of the feather, the average purity value is 0.894 and the concentration value is not detected. Confirmation tests performed on all samples using the real-time PCR melt curve method showed that all samples were detected with a Tm value of 78.5 for young feathers, 78.5 for old feathers, 79.0 for positive controls and 78.7 for positive controls, while negative controls were not detected. Conclusion: DNA isolation can be carried out at the base of the young feathers, the base of the old feathers and the tips of the feathers.
How do banks manage their capital during uncertainty?

ABSTRACT The paper investigates the impact of EPU on bank capital in the U.S. from 2001–2020. The empirical results show that banks hold more capital when encountering high EPU. This effect increases with the bank size, meaning that the larger banks hold more capital during increasing EPU. Interestingly, further analyses reveal that worst-capitalized banks decrease their capital ratio when EPU elevates. The results are robust under different econometric methods and alternative proxies of uncertainty and bank capital.
PATH ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF CHAYOTE FRUIT

ABSTRACT Chayote is originally from southern Mexico and Guatemala and has been a staple food highly appreciated in Brazil and worldwide. This study was carried out on a Red Yellow Latosol in 2020 to investigate the relationship between the physical properties of chayote fruit of the variety Cambray and their mass, aiming to indicate criteria for direct selection of more attractive fruits. The fruit parameters evaluated were mass (MAS), largest transverse diameter (LTD), smallest transverse diameter (STD), length (FTL), volume (FTV), area (FTA), and perimeter (FTP), as well as seed area (SDA) and seed perimeter (SDP). Initially, correlations among these morphological variables were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a correlation network was used to express the results graphically. A diagnosis of multicollinearity was performed, and a condition number of 6639 (multicollinearity severe) was found. Path analysis considered the fruit mass as the main dependent variable. Our analyses showed that MAS, FTV, FTA, FTP, and STD are physical attributes with the greatest potential for selection and identification of more attractive chayote fruits of the variety Cambray for commercial purposes.
Intramedullary nailing versus external fixation for open tibia fractures in Tanzania: a cost analysis

Abstract Objectives: Open tibia fractures pose a clinical and economic burden that is disproportionately borne by low-income countries. A randomized trial conducted by our group showed no difference in infection and nonunion comparing 2 treatments: external fixation (EF) and intramedullary nailing (IMN). Secondary outcomes favored IMN. In the absence of clear clinical superiority, we sought to compare costs between EF and IMN. Design: Secondary cost analysis. Setting: Single institution in Tanzania. Patients/Participants: Adult patients with acute diaphyseal open tibia fractures who participated in a previous randomized controlled trial. Intervention: SIGN IMN versus monoplanar EF. Main Outcome Measurements: Direct costs of initial surgery and hospitalization and subsequent reoperation: implant, instrumentation, medications, disposable supplies, and personnel costs. Indirect costs from lost productivity of patient and caregiver. Societal (total) costs: sum of direct and indirect costs. All costs were reported in 2018 USD. Results: Two hundred eighteen patients were included (110 IMN, 108 EF). From a payer perspective, costs were $365.83 (95% CI: $332.75–405.76) for IMN compared with $331.25 ($301.01–363.14) for EF, whereas from a societal perspective, costs were $2664.59 ($1711.22–3955.25) for IMN and $2560.81 ($1700.54–3715.09) for EF. The largest drivers of cost were reoperation and lost productivity. Accounting for uncertainty in multiple variables, probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that EF was less costly than IMN from the societal perspective in only 55% of simulations. Conclusions: Intramedullary nail fixation compared with external fixation of open tibia fractures in a resource-constrained setting is not associated with increased cost from a societal perspective.
Trace elements mineral chemistry of sulfides from the Woxi Au‐Sb‐W deposit, southern China

The Woxi Au‐Sb‐W deposit is one of the largest polymetallic ore deposits in the Xuefengshan Range, southern China, hosted in low‐grade metamorphosed Neoproterozoic volcaniclastic rocks. The orebodies of the deposit are predominantly composed of banded quartz veins, which are strictly controlled by bedding and faults. Petrographic observations and geochemical results are reported on the occurrence of Au and properties of the ore‐forming processes for different stages in the deposit. The veins extend vertically up to 2 km without obvious vertical metal zoning. The ore‐forming process can be subdivided into four mineralization stages: Pre‐ore stage; Early stage (scheelite‐quartz stage); Middle stage (pyrite‐stibnite‐quartz stage); and Late stage (stibnite‐quartz sage). Four types of pyrite (Py0, Py1, Py2, and Py3) were identified in the ores and host‐rock: Py0 occurs as euhedral grains with voids in the core, ranging in size from 50 to 100 μm and formed mainly in the Pre‐ore stage and Early stage; Py1 occurs as subhedral grains. Small grains (around 10 μm) of Py1 form irregularly shaped clusters of variable size ranging from tens to hundreds of μm and mainly formed in the Middle stage; Euhedral‐subhedral fine‐grained Py2 formed in the Late stage; Minor subhedral fine‐grained Py3 was deposited in the Late‐stage. Stibnite is widely distributed in the Middle and Late stage ore veins. No systemic difference was recognized in mineralogical features among stibnite formed in different stages. In addition to native gold, the lattice bound Au+1 widely exists in Py1 and Py2 in the deposit, and widespread Py1 is considered as the main Au‐bearing mineral with the highest Au contents. Most elements (such as Co, Ni, Cu, As, Sb, Ba, and Pb) are considered to occur as solid solution within the crystal lattice and/or invisible nanoparticles in sulfides minerals. The Co/Ni ratio of most pyrite is lower than 1, suggesting that the metals in the ore‐forming fluid are sourced from sedimentary rocks. The coupled behavior between Au and As; Au and Sb suggests that the substitution of As and Sb in pyrite can enhance the incorporation of Au. Variation of trace elements in pyrites of different stages suggests some information on the mineralization processes: Large ion lithophile elements (such as Ba and Pb) are enriched in Py0 indicating that water‐rock reaction occurred in the Early stage; Fine‐grained Py1 with a heterogeneous distribution of elements suggests fast crystallization of pyrite in the Middle stage.
Understanding self-regulated learning in Singapore’s social studies classrooms

ABSTRACT Self-regulated learning, reflective thinking, and meta-cognition have been given greater emphasis in Singapore’s education system as central to the development of 21st century competencies and lifelong learning capacities. This study explores students’ perceptions of their Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) strategies in Secondary Social Studies after engaging in a Computer-Based Learning Environment (CBLE) lesson with online information sources. Semi-structured group interviews were used to tease out the SRL strategies utilised by students from two different schools. SRL strategies were embedded in the CBLE as instructional prompts created for the purpose of assisting students during task completion. Students were then asked to reflect and comment on their work to identify SRL strategies they utilised in their learning. Findings demonstrate a range of SRL behaviours conveyed by students in the areas of planning for learning tasks, monitoring their learning, and reflection on their learning. The study highlights the importance of SRL strategies in Social Studies education to improve student learning.
Detecting regime shifts: the role of construal levels on system neglect

ABSTRACT Decision-makers overreact to noisy signals and underestimate base rates when predicting regime shift due to system neglect. Based on Construal Level (CL) Theory, I posit that a high CL reduces overreactions in stable and high-noise environments but exacerbates underreactions in unstable and low-noise environments relative to individuals with low CLs. My experimental results support this hypothesis, demonstrating that the interaction between individuals’ mindsets and signals’ properties systematically impact over and underreactions when detecting regime shifts.