Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Congenital ocular anomalies in cleft lip and cleft palate patients

Introduction: The present study was focused on finding the prevalence and studying the pattern of congenital ocular anomalies in cleft lip and cleft palate patients. Material and methods: This was a cross sectional observational study, conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology and Surgery, over a period of 12 months. The data about demographic indices, history, type and laterality of cleft were noted. Patients were clinically assessed for Visual acuity, alignment of visual axis, eyeball and orbital anomalies, palpebral aperture, eyelids and adnexa, anterior segment and pupillary reaction, regurgitation test to assess the nasolacrimal apparatus &systemic anomalies. Observations and results: A total of 204 cleft lip and cleft palate patients were enrolled for the study. Mean age was 4.14+6.42 years. 59.31 % of the patients were males, with male: female ratio of 1.46:1. Seventy-seven percent resided in rural areas while 23% were from urban areas. The prevalence of congenital ocular anomalies in cleft lip and palate patients was 6.37%. Congenital ocular anomalies noted were strabismus (5 patients), nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2 patients), ptosis (2 patients), hypertelorism (1 patient), ankylobhlepheron (1 patient), microcornea (1 patient), sclerocornea (1 patient), irregular anterior chamber with lenticulocorneal touch (1 patient), cataract (1 patient), ectropionuveae (1 patient), anisocoria (1 patient), and myelinated nerve fibre (1 patient). Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital ocular anomalies in cleft lip and palate patients was 6.37%. In cleft lip and cleft palate patients the most common congenital ocular anomaly was strabismus followed by nasolacrimal duct obstruction and ptosis.
The link between previous life trajectories and a later life outcome: A feature selection approach

Several studies have investigated the link between a previous trajectory and a given later-life outcome. Trajectories are complex objects. Identifying which aspects of the trajectories are relevant is of primary interest in terms both of prediction and testing specific theories. In this work, we propose an innovative approach based on data mining feature selection algorithms. The approach is in two steps. We start by automatically extracting several properties of the sequences. Using a life course approach, we focus here on features related to three key aspects of the life course: sequencing, timing and duration of life events. Then, in a second step, we use feature selection algorithms to identify the most relevant properties associated with the outcome. We discuss the use of two features selection approaches a random forest approach (Boruta) and a LASSO method (Stability Selection). We also discuss the inclusion of control variable such as socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent in this selection process. The proposed approach is illustrated through a study of the effects of family and work trajectories between age 20 and 40 on health and income conditions in midlife.
Reversal of Bertrand-Cournot Ranking for Optimal Privatization Level

We consider a vertically related differentiated product mixed duopoly market where a public and private firm compete in the downstream market. A foreign monopolist input supplier supplies the input of production in the upstream market. The public firm is partially privatized. The welfare maximising (public) regulator chooses the optimal privatization level for the public firm . We show that both under Cournot and Bertrand competition the Public firm becomes partially privatized. Moreover under Bertrand competition the privatization level is always larger than that under Cournot competition.
PII: S1388-2457(99)00223-0

Objectives: Visual contrast detection thresholds and suprathreshold contrast discrimination thresholds were compared to luminance and ̄ash/pattern electroretinograms (ERG) and visually evoked potentials (VEP) in patients with Parkinson's disease (n  31), patients with multiple system atrophy (n  6), patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (n  6) and control patients without central nervous disease (n  33). Methods: The stimuli were luminance modulated full-®eld ( ̄ash) or horizontally oriented sinewave gratings (pattern), the latter having either a low (0.5 cycles/deg) or medium (4.0 cycles/deg) spatial frequency. Stimulus contrast ranged from 10 to 80% so that contrast response functions could be derived. Results: Contrast thresholds were higher in the patients with Parkinson's disease than in the control patients. Contrast discrimination thresholds were also somewhat elevated in patients with Parkinson's disease. Pattern ERG amplitudes were signi®cantly reduced in patients with Parkinson's disease for the medium spatial frequency stimulus, but less for the low spatial frequency and ̄ash stimuli. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Parkinson's disease impairs contrast processing in the retina. VEP amplitudes did not signi®cantly differ between the groups for the conditions tested. Patients with progressive supranuclear palsy also showed impaired contrast perception and reduced ERG amplitudes, whereas patients with multiple system atrophy were less impaired. q 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Three Local Organizing Strategies to Implement Place-Based School Integration Initiatives in a Mixed-Income Community

This paper explores two policy efforts to revitalize public housing communities: education reform and HOPE VI. Chicago underwent transformation of housing and schools from 2000 to 2014. I examine school integration planning efforts of three local actors in a Chicago neighborhood and ask how do actors make integration strategies work? This research investigates how efforts to remedy existing segregation in a Chicago neighborhood combined housing and school integration efforts through a single case study approach comprised of 20 in-depth interviews. Findings show that two approaches encouraged fairness in the residential mix, but did not promote an integrated educational experience. The third approach shows how a purposeful integration strategy works as part of a place-based effort. This study provides a lens to understand ongoing local community organizing efforts supporting education reform in a Chicago neighborhood and offers lessons learned by local actors about effective approaches to address the barriers to building mixed income communities.
EFFECT OF SERVICESCAPE AND EMPLOYEE COMMUNICATION QUALITY ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF MANDIRI BANK IN SURABAYA

The purpose of this study was to examine direct and indirect effects of an integrated model of servicescape and personal communication quality upon customer loyalty, and considered customer satisfaction as intervening variable. This study used a causal design. The main data used in this study were primary data collected through the distribution of questionnaires to the respondents of Mandiri bank customers in Surabaya. The sampling was done using purposive sampling method to determine the sample based on the consideration of researcher. Data were analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) technique by program package AMOS 16. Based on the analytical results, it can be concluded that the results of this study supported the effect of servicescape on customer satisfaction, the influence of servicescape on customer loyalty, the influence of personal communication quality on customer satisfaction, the influence of personal communication quality on customer loyalty, the influence of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty, the influence of servicescape and personal communication quality on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction.
Women Empowerment and Domestic Violence: Evidence from a Multi-Dimensional Policy in India∗

A facet of gender inequality in developing countries is increasing dependence of women on men for financial, social, political and familial support. A consequence of this dependence is marital and domestic violence faced by women due to potential lack of relative bargaining power in terms of household decision making and poor outside options due to suboptimal human capital endowments. In this paper, we study a multidimensional women empowerment program from India to estimate its effects on domestic violence towards their wives. Using exogenous geographical variation in the policy rollout coupled with cohortvariation generated by eligibility rules, we employ a reduced form difference-in-difference design to find lesser emotional and physical violence on women as a result of the intervention. We also find that husbands’ private level of satisfaction with the marriage and overall attitude towards domestic violence improve in response to the program. ∗We thank Lakshmi Iyer, Jyotsna Jalan and Namrata Kala for useful suggestions and inputs. We also thank seminar participants at Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Kolkata for valuable feedback. Ordering of Authors: We do not follow alphabetical ordering but instead follow the certified random author ordering proposed by Ray r © Robson (2018) using the official AEA Author Randomization Tool available on the American Economic Association website. The result of this randomization is publicly available. †Indian Institute of Management Lucknow; somdeep@iiml.ac. in ‡Indian Institute of Management Lucknow; prashant.poddar@iiml.ac. in
A Novel Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design Considering Enterprise Profit and Service Level

Increasing concerns for sustainable development have motivated the study of closed-loop supply chain network design from a multidimensional perspective. To cope with such issues, this paper presents a general closed-loop supply chain network comprising various recovery options and further formulates a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model considering enterprise profit and service level simultaneously. Within this model, market segmentation is also considered to meet real-world operating conditions. Moreover, an e -constraint method and two interactive fuzzy approaches are applied to find a global optimum for this model together with the decisions on the numbers, locations, and capacities of the facilities, as well as the material flow through the network. Ultimately, numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of both the proposed model and solution approaches.
Redacted for Privacy

approved: Redacted for Privacy Kenneth Williamson Batch sorption tests were conducted using 3,4-DCP and cellulose triacetate as the sorbate/sorbent pair. Sorbate concentrations in the liquid were sampled with time and analyzed by electron capture detector gas chromatography. Sorption was found to be a two stage process characterized by a rapid initial uptake followed by a extended period of slower sorption. A fully reversible two step sorption model was applied to the results of batch sorption tests and sorption rate constants were determined. Although sorption equilibrium was not reached during the time scale of this study, it appears that the equilibrium partition coefficient, Kp, was not dependent upon sorbent concentration. Due to the extended period needed to reach sorption equilibrium, the kinetic approach to modeling sorption in subsurface environments may be more accurate than the use of local equilibrium assumptions. The Effect of Organic Sorbent Concentration On Sorption Kinetics
Urinary Catheter Coating Modifications: The Race against Catheter-Associated Infections

Urinary catheters are common medical devices, whose main function is to drain the bladder. Although they improve patients’ quality of life, catheter placement predisposes the patient to develop a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). The catheter is used by pathogens as a platform for colonization and biofilm formation, leading to bacteriuria and increasing the risk of developing secondary bloodstream infections. In an effort to prevent microbial colonization, several catheter modifications have been made ranging from introduction of antimicrobial compounds to antifouling coatings. In this review, we discuss the effectiveness of different coatings in preventing catheter colonization in vitro and in vivo, the challenges in fighting CAUTIs, and novel approaches targeting host–catheter–microbe interactions.
Family Law, Marriage, and Household Decisions

I study how changes in divorce and property division laws in the United States a(cid:27)ected rates of marriage formation, marital sorting patterns, and decisions within marriage such as asset accumulation and divorce. Through the 1970s and 80s, di(cid:27)erent states in the United States enacted changes to their divorce and property division laws. While divorce laws changed from mutual consent to unilateral, property division laws in the event of divorce changed from title-based to equitable division, favoring the low-income earner in respect of property settlements. To quantify the e(cid:27)ect of these legal changes, I embed a dynamic extension of the collective model with endogenous asset accumulation, labor supply and divorce into a frictionless empirical marriage-matching model. I estimate parameters of the model using data from marriages that were formed under mutual consent, equitable division regime and simulate behavior under other legal regimes. Consistent with the data, these simulations indicate that equitable division laws increase rates of non-marriage but reduce rates of asset accumulation and divorce. Further, in line with the original intent of legislators, equitable division laws reduce intra-household inequality in consumption, but this gain in terms of equity is accompanied by a substantial loss in terms of economic e(cid:30)ciency.
Common Loon Eggshell Porosity & Thickness in North America

II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . III TABLE OF CONTENTS . IV TABLE OF TABLES . V TABLE OF FIGURES . VI TABLE OF EQUATIONS . VI 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 2.0 BACKGROUND . 1 2.1 CLIMATE CHANGE . 1 2.1. 1 GAUGING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND SPECIES . 2 2.2 THE COMMON LOON . 4 2.2.1 CHANGING LOON HABITAT . 6 2.3 STUDYING THE AVIAN EGGSHELL . 9 2.3.1 LOON EGGSHELL CHARACTERISTICS . 11 3.0 METHODS . 13 3.1 SAMPLE ACQUISITION . 13 3.2 EGGSHELL PREPARATION . 13 3.3 WATER VAPOR CONDUCTANCE . 16 3.4 PORE DENSITY . 18 3.5 THICKNESS . 19 4.0 RESULTS . 21 4.1 WATER VAPOR CONDUCTANCE . 21 4.2 PORE DENSITY . 23 4.3 PERCENT WATER LOSS VS. PORE DENSITY . 25 4.4 THICKNESS . 26 5.0 DISCUSSION/FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS . 29 5.1 LIMITATIONS . 30 5.2 FUTURE EXPERIMENTS . 33 6.0 CONCLUSIONS . 35 7.0 REFERENCES . 36 8.0 APPENDICES . 1 8.1 WATER VAPOR CONDUCTANCE FINAL MEDIANS . 1 8.2 PORE DENSITY FINAL AVERAGES . 5 8.3 THICKNESS FINAL AVERAGES . 7
Ethical leadership and school effectiveness: The mediating roles of affective commitment and job satisfaction

This study examines how ethical leadership influences school effectiveness via the mediating role of affective commitment and job satisfaction. For this purpose, 306 teachers completed measures of ethical leadership, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and school effectiveness. The results supported the hypothesized positive links of ethical leadership to affective commitment, job satisfaction, and school effectiveness. The results also revealed that work attitudes (i.e., affective commitment and job satisfaction) partially mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and school effectiveness, indicating both direct and indirect effects of ethical leadership on school effectiveness. In light of these findings, a number of recommendations were given for further research, specifically regarding school administrative research and applications.
Using a Wavelet-Based and Fine-Tuned Convolutional Neural Network for Classification of Breast Density in Mammographic Images

Classification of breast density is significantly important during the process of breast diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to develop a useful computer-ized tool to help radiologists determine the patient’s breast density category on the mammogram. In this article, we presented a model for automatically classi-fying breast densities by employing a wavelet transform-based and fine-tuned convolutional neural network (CNN). We modified a pre-trained AlexNet model by removing the last two fully connected (FC) layers and appending two newly created layers to the remaining structure. Unlike the common CNN-based methods that use original or pre-processed images as inputs, we adopted the use of redundant wavelet coefficients at level 1 as inputs to the CNN model. Our study mainly focused on discriminating between scattered density and heterogeneously dense which are the two most difficult density cat-egories to differentiate for radiologists. The proposed system achieved 88.3% overall accuracy. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method, the results obtained from a conventional fine-tuning CNN model was compared with that from the proposed method. The results demon-strate that the proposed technique is very promising to help radiologists and serve as a second eye for them to classify breast density categories in breast cancer screening.
An inch away from being mentally tough: Performance bias in ratings of mental toughness

Are assessments of an athlete's mental toughness influenced by how that athlete performs in a single moment in a game? We conducted three experimental studies to address this question and conclude that the answer is yes. In each study, sports fans (total N = 1,097) read scenarios that depicted a mentally tough basketball player, either by describing the player as having many mentally tough qualities (Study 1), or by stating that the player had been identified as being mentally tough by an expert sport psychologist (Studies 2 and 3). Participants then read that the player was about to take a championship-winning shot and were randomly assigned to learn that the shot had been either successful or unsuccessful. Moreover, in Studies 1 and 2 participants learned that the outcome had been either decisive (i.e., a "perfect swish" or an "air ball") or indecisive (i.e., the ball hitting the backboard, then the rim and, eventually, either going or not going into the basket). In each study, despite learning that the athlete was very mentally tough, participants' mental toughness ratings depended on whether or not the shot was successful. Ratings were also sensitive to the way in which an outcome was attained: ratings decreased in a linear pattern with the highest ratings following a decisive success, and the lowest ratings following a decisive failure. Overall, this research supports the criticism that assessments of mental toughness are distorted by how an athlete performs in a single moment.Acknowledgments: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
INFESTANS AT ITS CENTER OF ORIGIN ∗

■ Abstract The central highlands of Mexico are considered to be a center of genetic diversity for both the potato late blight pathogen and for tuber-bearing Solanum spp. Recent work conducted in Mexico and South America sheds new light on the biology and evolution of Phytophthora infestans and other related Phytophthora pathogens. It now appears that Mexican Solanum species, which coevolved with P. infestans and were previously known for providing a source of R-genes, also provide a source of quantitative, rate-reducing resistance that is highly effective, stable, and durable. It is now apparent that Mexico is the center of origin not only of the potato late blight pathogen P. infestans, but also of several related Phytophthora species including P. mirabilis, P. ipomoeae, and possibly P. phaseoli. We close with the hypothesis that these Phytophthora species evolved sympatrically from one ancestral host through adaptive radiation onto their respective four host families.
Cooperative API Misuse Detection Using Correction Rules

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) grant developers access to the functionalities of code libraries. Due to missing knowledge of how an API is correctly used, developers can unintentionally misuse APIs, and thus introduce bugs. To tackle this issue, recent techniques aim to automatically infer specifications for correct API usage and detect misuses. Unfortunately, these techniques suffer from high false-positive rates, leading to many false alarms. While we believe that existing techniques will improve in the future, in this paper, we propose to investigate a different route: We assume that a developer manually detected and fixed an API misuse relating to a third-party library. Based on the change, we can infer a correction rule for the API misuse. Then, we can use this correction rule to detect the same and similar API misuses in the same or other projects. This represents a cooperative technique to transfer the knowledge of API-misuse fixes to other developers. We report promising insights on an implementation and empirical evidence on the applicability of our technique based on 43 real-world API misuses. CCS CONCEPTS • Software and its engineering → Error handling and recovery; Software defect analysis; Collaboration in software development.
Interaction Effects of Country-Level Governance Quality and Debt on Stock Returns in Developing Nations

This study examines the moderating effects of country-level governance quality on the relationship between debt and stock returns, using 3,891 firms from 23 developing countries covering the period from 2006 to 2014. Applying the panel generalized method of moments to control for endogeneity, the findings reveal that country-level governance quality has positive moderating effects on the relationship between book debt and stock returns. Robustness check using market debt show that country-level governance quality has positive moderating effects on the relationship between market debt and stock returns. Additional analysis controls for the financial crisis years and the results are broadly similar, except that the coefficients of some variables change. The results suggest that strong governance quality lowers financial risk which encourage firms to raise debt capital needed to maximize stockholders’ returns.
A Cross-Cultural Validation of Consumer Arrogance Scale in Turkey and Romania

Consumer arrogance (CA) is a new notion in consumer behavior literature. However, it is still unclear if consumer arrogance has the same meaning in cross cultures. The purpose of this paper is to test the cross-cultural validation of the CA scale in Turkey and Romania, which are considered as collectivist cultures and developing countries. An empirical study was conducted on 192 Turkish and 176 Romanian university students. The cross-cultural validation tested via configural, metric and covariance methods. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the measurement theory. The current research demonstrates that CA scale an adequate fit to the data in each sample and across-cultural invariance among two countries. Also, the findings Show that CA scale can be established as a second order construct and it is predicted by materialism. In sum, the findings of this study show that scale can be used to measure consumer arrogance in Turkey and Romania. This paper is the first that examines the reliability and validity of CA scale in a collectivist cultural context by using a student samples.