Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Direct Drive Proportional Electrohydraulic Spool Valves: Industrial State-of-the-Art and Research Advancements

This paper reviews the state of the art of directly driven proportional directional hydraulic spool valves, which are widely used hydraulic components in the industrial and transportation sectors. First, the construction and performance of commercially available units are discussed, together with simple models of the main characteristics. The review of published research focuses on two key areas: investigations that analyze and optimize valves from a fluid dynamic point of view, and then studies on spool position control systems. Mathematical modeling is a very active area of research, including computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for spool geometry optimization, and dynamic spool actuation and motion modeling to inform controller design. Drawbacks and advantages of new designs and concepts are described in the paper.
Solving the 2015 FMTV Challenge Using Response Time Analysis with MAST

Abstract— This paper reports solutions and recommendations regarding the design of the systems proposed in the 2015 edition of the Formal Methods and Timing Verification Challenge (FMTV). It uses the modelling formalism and the schedulability analysis techniques provided by the MAST suite of tools. The paper starts by clarifying the role of the data provided against the design intent. Then, for each of the challenges proposed, it discusses the adequacy of the analysis models used to represent the corresponding timing characteristics as well as the strengths and limitations of the underlying analysis approaches, and presents the results obtained. Finally, we report the effort it took to solve them and the lessons learned. The solutions are also provided in electronic form to facilitate their assessment by the community.
US Public Debt and Safe Asset Market Power∗

The US government is the dominant supplier of global safe assets and faces a downward sloping demand for its debt. In this paper, we ask if the US exercises its market power when issuing debt, and we study its macroeconomic consequences. We develop a model of the global economy in which US public debt generates a nonpecuniary value for its holders, analyze the equilibrium in which the US government is themonopoly provider of this safe asset, and contrast this casewith the one inwhich the US government acts as a price taker. We use variation in estimated demand elasticities for US debt during highand low-volatility regimes to empirically distinguish between these two models and find that the data reject the price-taking behavior in favor of the monopoly one. We then quantify the distortions due to market power and find that it generates a significant underprovision of safe assets, a sizable markup in the convenience yield, and large welfare benefits for the US to the detriment of the rest of the world. Finally, we study the implications of increasing competition in safe assets from other sovereigns and private institutions. ∗Aprevious draft of this paper circulated under the title “TheMacroeconomic Implications of USMarket Power in Safe Assets. ” We thank Manuel Amador, Andy Atkeson, Anmol Bhandari, V. V. Chari, Chris Conlon, Marco Duarte, Simon Gilchrist, Oleg Itskhoki, Rohan Kekre, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Zhengyang Jiang, Ricardo Lagos, Hyunju Lee, Hanno Lustig, Matteo Maggiori, Lorenzo Magnolfi, Dmitry Mukhin, Chris Sullivan, and Venky Venkateswaran, as well as numerous seminar and conference participants, for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank Duong Dang for superb research assistance.
Reviews of Research on Online Learners

Online teaching and learning are rapidly increasing across all the educational segments and, specifically, in higher education. Doo et al. (2020) noted that higher education is experiencing three interconnected trends according to Brown et al. (2020) including: (a) increased student diversity, (b) alternative pathways to education, and (c) the sustainable growth of online education. With the COVID-19 pandemic impact and transition to new pathways in online teaching and learning, e.g., HyFlex courses or universal design introduction, higher education online courses need more resources, opportunities, tools, and overall new online infrastructure because of current learners’ preferences for flexible and self-directed online learning. This literature review is focused on the findings of the current studies in relation to existing trends and challenges in online teaching and learning. These findings will help researchers and practitioners understand what current online teaching and learning need to get effective and meaningful support to move forward.
Assessment of Nutritional Status of Adult Patients with Liver Cirrhosis in Menoufia Governorate

: The present study aimed to assess the nutritional and health status of patients with liver cirrhosis and to know the extent of the impact of liver problems on human health. The study subjects were composed of 64 patients (41 male and 23 female) who were randomly selected from Liver Institute Hospital (39 patients) and Menoufia University Hospital (25 patients). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical markers were determined; also, 24 hours recall method was used to estimate nutrient intakes. Data collection was continued for six consecutive months. The results showed a significant decrease in serum concentration of ALT, AST, ALP, and urea in the liver institute hospital compared to the university hospital. At the same time, there was an increase in total and direct bilirubin, total protein, and serum albumin in the liver institute hospital compared to the university hospital. Cirrhotic patients in liver institute hospitals had lower vitamin D, phosphorous, sodium, and iron levels than in the university hospital. The intakes of protein, fiber, and calcium in the liver institute hospital were higher than in the university hospital. So, the study concluded that patients with cirrhosis are not concerned about the quantity and quality of nutrients needed to avoid nutritional disease.
Numerical modeling of the multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment by Frisch and Segrè using co-quantum dynamics via the Bloch equation

We numerically study the spin flip in the Frisch–Segrè experiment, the first multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment, within the context of the novel co-quantum dynamics (CQD) theory. We model the middle stage responsible for spin rotation by sampling the atoms with the Monte Carlo method and solving the dynamics of the electron and nuclear magnetic moments numerically according to the Bloch equation. The simulation shows that CQD closely reproduces, without using any fitting parameters, the experimental observations reported by Frisch and Segrè in 1933, which have so far lacked theoretical predictions.
Phytochemical Screening, and In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Lolium Perenne

The current study aimed to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening, quantify the total phenolic (TPC), flavonoidal (TFC) contents and evaluate the antioxidant activities of the total methanol extract (ME) of the aerial parts and its derived fractions of Lolium perenne L. ( L. perenne ). The preliminary phytochemical screening of ME displayed the presence of carbohydrates and/or glycosides, steroids and/or triterpenes, phenolic compounds, proteins and/or amino acids, flavonoids, and quinones. Dichloromethane (DFr) and ethyl acetate (EFr) fractions showed the highest TPC (82.42±2.70 and 70.85±2.27 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dried sample), respectively. Also, DFr and EFr displayed the highest TFC (115.65±6.43 and 146.00±1.06 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g dried sample), respectively. All samples showed variable antioxidant properties. While EFr, followed by DFr, demonstrated the least IC 50 value of 120.04±0.43 and 166.81±0.53 µg/mL, respectively, indicating their high antioxidant potential.
The engagement in university students: Preliminary psychometric analyses of the Spanish version of the Engagement vs. Disaffection with Learning Scale

Student engagement is defined by the degree of active student participation in a learning activity. Some studies highlight the existence of two complementary factors: engagement and disaffection, with two domains in each of them (behavioral and emotional). This study’s objective was to perform a preliminary analysis of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Engagement vs. Disaffection with Learning (EDL). We analyzed a sample of 194 participants, examining the distribution of item responses, the factor structure, internal consistency, and the correlation between AES and other measures of engagement and personality traits. The results confirmed its reliability in terms of internal consistency. However, it has some problematic items. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the EDL seems to be a promising scale to assess engagement in Spanish-speaking students, with the need to review some of its previous items.
Resveratrol and exercise: a review on the effects of resveratrol on physical and sport performance

Phenolic compounds have been shown to be important molecules in human metabolism. Among these, resveratrol, found primarily in the skin of red grapes, has been touted as a promising adjuvant in the treatment and prevention of disease. Recently, the ergogenic potential of resveratrol has been investigated, however, showing diverging results. The purpose of this review was to analyze and discuss studies that evaluated the effects of resveratrol supplementation on exercise performance. The search terms resveratrol , physical exercise and exercise training on the PubMed platform were used, resulting in 18 studies eligible for the selection criteria. The selected studies confirm that there is no consensus in the scientific literature about the ergogenic potential of resveratrol. The selected studies do not point to a common result, and even similar experimental interventions show divergent results.
Comparison of K-E Turbulence Model Wall Functions Applied on a T-Junction Channel Flow

The flow acting in a T-junction channel is present in several industrial applications, such as air conditioning systems, water cooling circuits, gas exhaust systems and others. In order to numerically simulate this case, the Average Reynolds Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation is used for a two-dimensional stationary flow using the k-e model together with wall functions such as standard wall function, Enhanced and Menter-Lechner wall treatments. The moment ratio used is = 2 and the Reynolds number at the inlet of the flow parallel to the channel is Re = 15,000. The results were compared with the literature data using Large Scale Simulation (LES). The results obtained for k-e model Enhanced and Menter-Lechner wall treatment were satisfactory and close to that found by the LES simulation, however, results obtained from k-e model standard wall function presented large deviation to literature, mainly in the boundary layer and K production profiles. In general, the results presented small distortions for the profiles of turbulent kinetic energy production near walls, however, they illustrate in an analogous manner to the literature the production of turbulent kinetic energy K concentrated in the shear layers between flows. The main results analyzed in this paper are the length of the recirculation bubble, boundary layer profile, mean velocity magnitude and kinetic energy production k.
A Kernel Perspective on Behavioural Metrics for Markov Decision Processes

Behavioural metrics have been shown to be an effective mechanism for constructing representations in reinforcement learning. We present a novel perspective on behavioural metrics for Markov decision processes via the use of positive definite kernels. We leverage this new perspective to define a new metric that is provably equivalent to the recently introduced MICo distance (Castro et al., 2021). The kernel perspective further enables us to provide new theoretical results, which has so far eluded prior work. These include bounding value function differences by means of our metric, and the demonstration that our metric can be provably embedded into a finite-dimensional Euclidean space with low distortion error. These are two crucial properties when using behavioural metrics for reinforcement learning representations. We complement our theory with strong empirical results that demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods in practice.
A survey of the empirical literature

This survey provides an updated review of the empirical literature on the regional effects of monetary policy in economic activity by means of undertaking a threefold perspective. Firstly, the main methodological dimensions of this literature are examined while pinpointing those modelling or methodological traits that constitute a source of diverging estimates and thereby produce inconclusive evidence. Secondly, the estimates yielded by the literature are summarised by carrying out a cross-study analysis of the results for each monetary union. By drawing on empirical regularities that are robust across studies, the conclusiveness of the results is assessed, while those monetary unions for which conclusive evidence is still lacking are also identified. Lastly, the sources of regional heterogeneity identified by these studies are reviewed in order to shed some light on the linkage between monetary policy and territorial heterogeneity. As a result of this threefold perspective, this survey delivers overall structured conclusions and updated policy-relevant lessons. Moreover, various research gaps and emerging topics in the literature are also identified.
Photonics of Semiconductor Quantum Dots: Basic Aspects

The article provides a brief overview of the works devoted to the synthesis, study of photophysical and spectral properties and analysis of applications of semiconductor nanocrystals – quantum dots. The fundamental laws connecting the morphology of quantum dots with its opticalspectral characteristics are discussed, as well as some theoretical models that allow describing various effects and processes: the quantumdimensional effect, electronphonon interaction, local field effects, photoluminescence blinking of single quantum dots. The results of original experimental and theoretical studies of the temperature dependences of the spectra of colloidal quantum dots with a CdSe emitting core are presented, which made it possible to clarify the nature of the formation of the spectra of single quantum dots and their ensembles.
Impact of Covid-19 outbreak on stress and depression among Indian football players Impacto del brote de Covid-19 en el estrés y la depresión de futbolistas indios

The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic restricted our normal life activities for the past several months, continuing its impact. Its repercussions led many countries to remain locked down and closed institutions and workplaces. The closure severely impacted the sporting industry and hindered performing its normal activities. Sports and exercise are generally considered the best facilitator for embedding a healthy and active lifestyle and were not adequately advocated during the pandemic
Advancing Intelligent Textbooks with Automatically Generated Practice: A Large-Scale Analysis of Student Data

Integrating formative practice questions with textbook content at frequent intervals creates an active learning environment that is more effective for student learning. Advances in artificial intelligence have made it possible to develop automatic question generation systems robust enough for use with students at scale. In this paper, we analyze five types of automatically generated questions using data from hundreds of thousands of students across more than eight thousand textbooks. The difficulty and persistence performance metrics of these questions build on previous research and reveal insights into question performance and student behavior. Metacognitive tutorial activities are also generated, and investigation into students’ open-ended responses show differences in how students apply what they have learned from the text.
Development of a New Algorithm for Classifying Cerebral Tumours Using MRI Images

Healthcare scientists determined how MRI images have indeed been highly beneficial in latest times in the investigation of the recognition and early identification of a brain disease. The main primary stages in analysing the brain MRI pictures are image pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Among the crucial processes that can evaluate how well brain MRI scans can be classified and ultimately the condition it will indicate is feature extraction and segmentation. In this paper stage wise methods are described. In the first stage (pre-processing stage) different filters; like; median, wiener, anisotropic, non-local means as well as combined filters used. In the pre-processing part, combined wiener and anisotropic filter gives the best result. In the second stage (segmentation stage), multi-thresholding technique – cuckoo search algorithm used using different objective functions; like; ostu, kapur entropy, tsallis entropy and proposed. In the proposed method of the segmentation stage used cuckoo search algorithm using combined ostu and tsallis entopy as an objective function. In the third stage (feature extraction), discrete wavelet transform used and in the fourth stage (classification) support vector machine used. In each stage results are compared using different parameters and we got best output using proposed method.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Iraqi Herbalist Practicing in the Middle Euphrates Area with a Recognition of their Knowledge, Practice and Attitude

High percentage of the Iraqi population profoundly rely on folk medicine to meet their health needs which makes their safety questionable. This study aims to evaluate Iraqi herbalists' knowledge and practice to ensure the public's safety. This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design between October 2021 and March 2022, using a pretested questionnaire administered to Iraqi herbalists practicing in Middle Euphrates Area. Through face-to-face meetings, participants completed a multicomponent questionnaire comprising 15 items in four sections. The data obtained were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences; Chi-square was used to correlate some variables, and P-values of <0.05 were considered significant. A total of 54 male herbalists from five Iraqi provinces joined this survey, the majority practicing in Kabala. Most herbalists had 1020 years of experience, and more than 50% had a university degree. Data showed that 72.2% of herbalists identify their herbal items using their own experience, and 35.2% use this experience as their sole source of knowledge. Only 35.1% use herbal books in conjugation with their experiences, and a few (1.9%( use multiple sources of information. Herbalists with more years of experience (79.6%( evaluate patient conditions properly, follow up (40.7%(, and refer patients to their physicians when needed (42.6%(. Although fifty percent of herbalists educate their patients regarding the storage condition of remedies, most of them refrain from writing the complete ingredients on their final product regardless of their experience. Results also showed that most herbalists do not have a record tracking adverse reaction. Most Iraqi herbalists lack the proper system for prescribing and dispensing their remedies and adequately identifying the sold herbs. The study showed a variation in practice among herbalists using approaches based mainly on their experience.
Are there just WordNets or also SignNets?

For Sign Languages (SLs), can we create a SignNet, like a WordNet for spoken languages: a network of semantic relations between constitutive elements of SLs? We first discuss approaches that link SL data to wordnets, or integrate such elements with some adaptations into the structure of WordNet. Then, we present requirements for a SignNet, which is built on SL data and then linked to WordNet.
Cross-sectional study of quality of life in relation with vascular access in hemodialysis patients. Study in a hospital and a satellite center

Submission: 03/Aug/2022 Acceptance: 22/Mar/2023 Published: 14/Jun/2023 Abstract Introduction: Vascular access for hemodialysis (HD) is essential for the patient. Even though Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred access, in certain age groups, the central venous catheter (CVC) may provide advantages. This study aims to investigate the quality of life related to vascular access. Methods: Cross-sectional study including patients from a hospital, a home HD unit and a satellite hemodialysis center. Clinical data was collected from the patients, who went through a quality-of-life questionnaire SF12 and a Vascular Access Questionnaire (VAQ).
Practical multi-featured perfect absorber utilizing high conductivity silicon

We designed all-silicon, multi-featured band-selective perfect absorbing surfaces based on CMOS compatible processes. The center wavelength of the band-selective absorber can be varied between 2 and 22 μm while a bandwidth as high as 2.5 μm is demonstrated. We used a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer which consists of n-type silicon (Si) device layer, silicon dioxide (SiO2) as buried oxide layer, and n-type Si handle layer. The center wavelength and bandwidth can be tuned by adjusting the conductivity of the Si device and handle layers as well as the thicknesses of the device and buried oxide layers. We demonstrate proof-of-concept absorber surfaces experimentally. Such absorber surfaces are easy to microfabricate because the absorbers do not require elaborate microfabrication steps such as patterning. Due to the structural simplicity, low-cost fabrication, wide spectrum range of operation, and band properties of the perfect absorber, the proposed multi-featured perfect absorber surfaces are promising for many applications. These include sensing devices, surface enhanced infrared absorption applications, solar cells, meta-materials, frequency selective sensors and modulators.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CULTURING DENSITIES ON THE GROWTH OF JUVENILE RAINBOW TROUT AND JUVENILE GOLDEN TROUT UNDER TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM BY GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP

A ground source heat pump temperature control system was used to increase the water temperature of northern winter trout seedling cultivation, and effects of different culturing densities on the growth of juvenile rainbow trout were examined. There were 24 groups including four density groups in each group A and B, and three parallel groups in each group, the culture experiments were carried out for 60 days and 50 days, respectively. Body weight and body length were measured every 10 days during the test, and the feed intake was recorded. The results showed that the final body weight, final body length, daily weight gain, net yield, weight gain ratio, length gain ratio, body weight specific growth ratio, and body length specific growth ratio of group A and B all decreased, as the culturing density increased. In the end of the experiment, the growth dispersion of each density group in group A was significantly different (P < 0.05), and the dispersion degree of group A2 was the lowest. In group B, there was significant difference in growth dispersion between lower density group and higher density group (P < 0.05), and the lowest appeared in group B2. With the increase of density, the feed coefficient of each density group increased, and the feed conversion ratio of A2 group and B2 group were the highest. When the temperature of the ground source heat pump was raised to 12~14 °C, the optimal culture density of Zhao et al.: Effects of different culturing densities on the growth of juvenile rainbow trout and juvenile golden trout under temperature control system by ground source heat pump 2594 APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 21(3):2593-2609. http://www.aloki. hu ● ISSN 1589 1623 (Print) ● ISSN 1785 0037 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.15666/aeer/2103_25932609 © 2023, ALÖKI Kft. , Budapest, Hungary juvenile rainbow trout was 400 ind. /m (3.5 kg/m), and the optimal culture density of juvenile golden trout was 1500 ind. /m (2.91 kg/m).