Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Additions to the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian/Turonian) actinopterygian fauna from the Agoult locality, Akrabou Formation, Morocco, and comments on the palaeoenvironment

Actinopterygian fishes recovered from southeastern Morocco in 2006-2009 indicate the presence in the area of a number of forms not previously documented for northern Africa. The fauna is generally similar at the familial level to that of marine Cenomanian and Turonian sites long known from Lebanon and from the Jebel Tselfat locality in northern Africa, but includes elements (e. g., Macrosemiidae) that had not previously been reported from deposits of this age in the Tethys basin. Some taxa previously reported from this site are here reidentified or identified more precisely. The fauna represented includes a macrosemiid (Agoultichthys chattertoni) and two other holosteans, at least three different ellimmichthyiforms (two paraclupeids and the sorbinichthyid Sorbinichthys africanus), two dercetids, one Teleostei incertae sedis, the clupavid Lusitanichthys, at least two pycnodontiforms, and three or more species of acanthomorph. Some of these taxa are essentially circum-Tethyan, such as the Dercetidae; however, others, such as the Paraclupeidae, are known from Cretaceous deposits worldwide, including Mexico, Europe, Canada, and China. Increased collecting and documentation of the area indicates that the small ichthyofauna reported from Oued Daoura, is likely from the same locality or one very close (in area or stratum), but we retain the name “Agoult locality”. The specimens reported here were collected, or purchased at the locality, by the authors, and are thus from a known outcrop.
Immediate effects of verbal instructions with internal focus of attention and external focus of attention on forward reach movement while standing

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the immediate effects of verbal instructions with an internal and external focus of attention on forward reach movement while standing. [Participants and Methods] Thirty-seven healthy young males performed reach movement in three conditions: control, internal focus of attention, and external focus of attention. The measurements recorded were the movement distance of the third metacarpal bone (reach distance), the distance of the center of pressure, and the movement angles between the acromion and malleolus lateralis and between the acromion and trochanter major. [Results] Compared to the control condition, the internal focus of attention condition had a lower reach distance, angles between the acromion and malleolus lateralis and between the acromion and trochanter major, and center of pressure distance. In contrast, compared to the control condition, the external focus of attention condition showed higher reach distance and angles between the acromion and malleolus lateralis and between the acromion and trochanter major. The change rate of reach distance in the internal and external focus of attention conditions correlated significantly with the change rates of the angles between the acromion and malleolus lateralis and between the acromion and trochanter major. [Conclusion] Verbal instructions with attentional focus resulted in the simultaneous adjustment of the positional relationship between trunk and hip and immediately affected the reach distance. Our findings suggest that verbal instruction with attentional focus is an important factor affecting reach movement.
ROCK GLACIERS ON JAMES ROSS ISLAND, ANTARCTICA

About 80% of James Ross Island is ice-covered, and most of this is due to the large Mount Haddington Ice Cap. This ice cap stretches over an area 40 km in diameter, reaching the highest point of the island at 1628 m (a.s.l.). Most of the ice-free land is located in the NW sector of the island, where it is isolated from the main ice cap. This area corresponds to a former glacial landscape carved in friable Mesozoic sedimentary rocks covered by Cenozoic volcanics. The latter, mainly basalt and pyroclastic breccias, are preserved as 300 to 900 m (a.s.l.) high remnant plateaus, separated by wide valleys. The steep slopes that surround the volcanic plateaus are affected by large landslides, glacier erosion, nivation, and snow-debris avalanches. Uninterrupted and intense frost shattering leads to rock fall, roll, slide, and creep.
An improved gravity model for Mars: Goddard Mars model 1

Doppler tracking data of three orbiting spacecraft have been reanalyzed to develop a new gravitational field model for the planet Mars, Goddard Mars Model 1 (GMM-1). This model employs nearly all available data, consisting of approximately 1100 days of S band tracking data collected by NASA's Deep Space Network from the Mariner 9 and Viking 1 and Viking 2 spacecraft, in seven different orbits, between 1971 and 1979. GMM-1 is complete to spherical harmonic degree and order 50, which corresponds to a half-wavelength spatial resolution of 200–300 km where the data permit. GMM-1 represents satellite orbits with considerably better accuracy than previous Mars gravity models and shows greater resolution of identifiable geological structures. The notable improvement in GMM-1 over previous models is a consequence of several factors: improved computational capabilities, the use of optimum weighting and least squares collocation solution techniques which stabilized the behavior of the solution at high degree and order, and the use of longer satellite arcs than employed in previous solutions that were made possible by improved force and measurement models. The inclusion of X band tracking data from the 379-km altitude, near-polar orbiting Mars Observer spacecraft should provide a significant improvement over GMM-1, particularly at high latitudes where current data poorly resolve the gravitational signature of the planet.
In vitro cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis by silica nanoparticles in human HepG2 hepatoma cells

Background Silica nanoparticles have been discovered to exert cytotoxicity and induce apoptosis in normal human cells. However, until now, few studies have investigated the cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles in tumor cells. Methods This study investigated the cytotoxicity of 7–50 nm silica nanoparticles in human HepG2 hepatoma cells, using normal human L-02 hepatocytes as a control. Cell nucleus morphology changes, cellular uptake, and expression of procaspase-9, p53, Bcl-2, and Bax, as well as the activity of caspase-3, and intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels in the silica nanoparticle-treated cells, were analyzed. Results The antitumor activity of the silica nanoparticles was closely related to particle size, and the antiproliferation activity decreased in the order of 20 nm > 7 nm > 50 nm. The silica nanoparticles were also cytotoxic in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, the silica nanoparticles showed only slight toxicity in the L-02 control cells, Moreover, in HepG2 cells, oxidative stress and apoptosis were induced after exposure to 7–20 nm silica nanoparticles. Expression of p53 and caspase-3 increased, and expression of Bcl-2 and procaspase-9 decreased in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the expression of Bax was not significantly changed. Conclusion A mitochondrial-dependent pathway triggered by oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species may be involved in apoptosis induced by silica nanoparticles, and hence cytotoxicity in human HepG2 hepatic cancer cells.
Mapping of nutrients status by geographic information system ( GIS) in Mantagani village under northern transition zone of Karnataka

A study was conducted to assess available nutrient status of soils of Mantagani village in north Karnataka by GIS technique. One hundred fifteen samples (0-30 cm) drawn from the farmers’ fields were analysed for their fertility status and mapped by geographic information system (GIS) technique. The pH of soil samples was slightly acidic to alkaline. Soil organic matter content was low. Available nitrogen (low; 93% area), phosphorus (low; 24% area, Medium; 76% area) was generally low to medium and available potassium and sulphur were low to high. Regarding available micronutrients, zinc and iron were deficient (88% and 72 % area, respectively) where as, copper and manganese were deficient 54% and 51% area, respectively) to sufficient in these soils.
Palaeoecology and biostratigraphy of the Paleogene Foraminifera from the southern Upper Rhine Graben and the influence of reworked planktonic Foraminifera

Two cores and several field outcrops covering the entire Paleogene succession of the southern Upper Rhine Graben were studied and sampled in detail. 270 samples were subsequently examined for their microfossil content. This study focuses on recording, palaeoecological interpretation and illustration of the Foraminifera assemblages (180 taxa). Additionally, other fossil groups were documented including Charophyta, fish otoliths, Bolboforma and calcareous nannoplankton. From the occurrence and distribution patterns of these groups palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic implications were deduced. While the Eocene succession contains hardly any fossils, the two Rupelian transgression-regression cycles (“Zone fossilifère”, “Série grise”) in the Upper Rhine Graben can be well traced by their respective microfossil assemblages. Both transgressions start off with fully marine outer shelf to upper bathyal Foraminifera assemblages. In both cases maximum flooding is reached early in the sequence cycle. During the secondRupelian transgression the benthic and small sized planktonic Foraminifera associations indicate cold to temperate water temperature. While generally well-oxygenated bottom waters and sediments prevailed during the initial phase (“Marnes à foraminifères”), the situation abruptly changed to suboxic and anoxic conditions during the subsequent deposition of the “Schistes à poissons”. This led to a drastic drop in diversity and abundance of benthic Foraminifera species in this interval. The corresponding regressive phase of the “Série grise” is characterised by a thick interval dominated by planktonic Foraminifera (“Couches à Mélettes”) and a reappearance of benthic assemblages in the terminal unit (“Marnes à Cyrènes”). The biostratigraphic data derived from planktonic Foraminifera assemblage ranges is distorted by simultaneously occurring facultatively reworked Eo-Oligocene ranging species. The most conservative age-estimation implies an attribution to the Mid P20 to P21a plankton-zones for the “Série grise” deposits.This corresponds to less precise ages indicated by calcareous nannoplankton, Charophyte assemblages and fish otoliths. Abundant reworked, mainly Cretaceous and Lutetian to Priabonian planktonic Foraminifera from the Late Rupelian “Série grise” are documented, figured and interpreted in relation to similar occurrences in the northern part of the Upper Rhine Graben and the Mainz Basin. Due to the absence of time-equivalent marine Eocene deposits in theUpper Rhine Graben itself the planktonic Foraminifera are supposed to be reworked from the alpine domain by a northwards trending fluviatile drainage system.
Identi�cation of SNP Markers Associated With Pyrenophora Teres f. Maculata Resistance/susceptibility Loci in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Spot form of net blotch (SFNB), caused by the necrotrophic fungus Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm), is considered one of the emerging and devastating foliar diseases of barley. Deployment of host resistance against this pathogen remains one of the most effective strategies for its sustainable management. The SFNB resistance in a panel of 336 diverse barley genotypes (AM-2014) was evaluated against three isolates (FGO-Ptm [USA], SM4-2 [Morocco], and SM30-1 [Morocco]), at the seedling stage and under natural conditions in seven environments in Morocco at the adult-plant stage. We identi�ed nine barley genotypes that confer high SFNB resistance in at least �ve distinct environments and against two isolates. The AM-2014 panel was genotyped with 9K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using an Illumina In�nium select assay. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were carried out using mixed linear models accounting for population structure as covariates. Signi�cant marker-trait associations were subject to false discovery rate (FDR) at q<0.05. At the seedling stage, we identi�ed 23 isolate-specic loci associated with SFNB resistance/susceptibility. At the adult stage, 19 QTLs were detected. Fourteen of the identi�ed QTL corresponded to previously mapped SFNB resistance QTL, including QRpts4, QRpt6, QRpt7, and SFNB-3H-58.64, while the remaining may represent novel loci. Together, the associated SNPs and resistance sources identi�ed in this study will be useful resources for SFNB resistance breeding.
Bmc Family Practice General Practitioners' Knowledge and Practice of Complementary/alternative Medicine and Its Relationship with Life-styles: a Population-based Survey in Italy

Background: The growing popularity of CAM among the public is coupled with an ongoing debate on its effectiveness, safety, and its implications on the reimbursement system. This issue is critically important for GPs, who have a "gatekeeping" role with respect to health care expenditure. GPs must be aware of medications' uses, limitations and possible adverse effects. Our objective was to explore GPs' knowledge of CAM and patterns of recommendation and practice, as well as the relationship between such patterns and GPs' lifestyles .
The observational influence of the North Atlantic SST tripole on the early spring atmospheric circulation

This study investigated the forcing of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) tripole on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)‐like circulation in early spring (February–April) in observations. Corresponding to an SST tripole forcing in early spring, the atmospheric circulation is very weak and insignificant. However, further analyses indicate that the observational effect of the SST anomalies on the NAO‐like circulation is disturbed by the concomitant sea ice anomalies. With the linear effects of sea ice anomalies removed, there is an equivalent barotropic NAO‐like circulation in early spring related to a North Atlantic SST tripole.
Understanding the Complexity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease from a Multi-Omics

we also have Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) data combined with Genome Wide Screening Array (GSA) data to enlarge the reference. We then explored the functional impacts of these cis-eQTL effects by investigating regulatory effects and cell type-involvement. Taken together, we pinpoint that intestinal mucosa cis -eQTLs can depend on inflammatory status and be influenced by the cell type-composition of the mucosa. Abstract More than 240 genetic risk loci have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but little is known about how they contribute to disease development in involved tissue. Here, we hypothesized that host genetic variation affects gene expression in an inflammation-dependent way, and investigated 299 snap-frozen intestinal biopsies from inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa from 171 IBD patients. RNA-sequencing was performed, and genotypes were determined using whole exome sequencing and genome wide genotyping. In total, 28,746 genes and 6,894,979 SNPs were included. Linear mixed models identified 8,881 independent intestinal cis-expression quantitative trait loci ( cis -eQTLs) (FDR<0.05) and interaction analysis revealed 190 inflammation-dependent intestinal cis - eQTLs (FDR<0.05), including known IBD-risk genes and genes encoding immune-cell receptors and antibodies. The inflammation-dependent cis - eQTL SNPs (eSNPs) mainly interact with prevalence of immune cell types. Inflammation-dependent intestinal cis -eQTLs reveal genetic susceptibility under inflammatory conditions that can help identify the cell types involved in and the pathways underlying inflammation, knowledge that may guide future drug development and profile patients for precision medicine in IBD
Ocean tides in the Asian semienclosed seas from TOPEX/POSEIDON

The eight leading ocean tides (M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1, and Q1) have been mapped in Asian semienclosed seas by inverting combined sets of tide gauge harmonic constants and a reduced set of TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimeter data. The tidal maps are given on a 0.5°×0.5° grid with their formal error estimates. Numerical experiments conducted in the South China Sea have shown the inverse solutions to be quite insensitive to changes in the parameters of the a priori covariance functions for both the tidal signals and data residual errors. Once the various parameters of the inversion scheme are fixed, the algorithm is applied to the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan, the “East China” Sea (including the Bo Hai and Yellow Seas) and the Indonesian Seas. A set of tide gauge constants, not used in our solutions, is then used for comparison. Though these accuracy estimates may be biased because of the uneven stations coverage, we conclude that the inversion of only 21 cycles of TOPEX/POSEIDON data leads to solutions with an accuracy comparable to the Schwiderski (1980b, c) semiempirical model and the Cartwright and Ray (1990) model derived from Geosat altimetry.
Observation of South Atlantic subtropical mode waters with Argo profiling float data

South Atlantic subtropical mode water (SASTMW) is detected using temperature and salinity profiles obtained by Argo floats. Marked by low potential vorticity within its extent, mode waters are identified by homogeneous temperature and salinity values, both horizontally and vertically. Their presence is evident in three regions: the Brazil Current recirculation gyre on the western side of the basin, the eastern side of the basin, and along the southern edge of the gyre. Formation occurs between winter and mid-spring in the regions of cumulative cooling of the ocean. We showed that Argo profilers do not preferentially sampled eddies. Yet, from the profiles that found SASTMW inside an eddy, 80% are anticyclonic. Furthermore, the mode water layer inside anticyclonic eddies is on average thicker than inside cyclonic eddies or anywhere else. We investigate the correlation between the presence of mode water with the eddy kinetic energy (EKE). The cross spectrum shows that the EKE and the layer thickness are out of phase in the annual period band. We addressed the role of negative surface heat fluxes during the SASTMW period of formation. Nearly all profiles that indicated mode water formation occurred at the time and within the region where the cumulative heat flux was negative.
Supersilicic clinopyroxene and silica exsolution in UHPM eclogite and pelitic gneiss from the Kokchetav massif, Kazakhstan

Abstract Abundant exsolved quartz rods occur in matrix clinopyroxene of eclogite from the Kokchetav massif, Kazakhstan. These rocks are diamond-grade, ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks that recrystallized at P > 6 GPa and T > 1000 °C. Zircon is an excellent container, which effectively protects peak UHP metamorphic phases from retrogression. Therefore, to ascertain the pre-exsolution composition of the clinopyroxene, we analyzed clinopyroxene inclusions in zircon of the eclogite and a diamond-bearing biotite gneiss. Clinopyroxene in zircon has an excess of Fe3+ + VIAl over IVAl + Na + K, and calculated cation totals significantly less than 4.0 per six O atoms. The stoichiometry of these pyroxenes can be reconciled if the Ca-Eskola end-member (Ca0.5⃞0.5AlSi2O6) is considered. The zircon-hosted clinopyroxene in the eclogite contains up to 9.6 mol% of the Ca-Eskola component, and in the biotite gneiss up to 18.2 mol%, whereas the matrix clinopyroxene contains much less (1.3 mol%, on average). Recalculation of the composition of the matrix clinopyroxene prior to exsolution of quartz rods yields 6.8 mol% Ca-Eskola component, which is consistent with the composition of the clinopyroxene inclusions in zircon. We conclude that the Ca-Eskola component in the peak metamorphic clinopyroxenes broke down by a retrograde reaction: 2 Ca0.5⃞0.5AlSi2O6 → CaAl2SiO6 + 3 SiO2 resulting in exsolution of the quartz rods in the matrix clinopyroxene. Subducted crustal and supracrustal rocks form the Ca-Eskola clinopyroxene at high pressures and temperatures. The vacancy-containing clinopyroxene may have an important bearing on the physico-chemical properties of the subducted slab at upper mantle depth.
Propagation of a shear crack on a nonplanar fault: A method of calculation

We present a method of calculation to simulate numerically the growth and propagation of shear cracks in an elastic medium. The problem is formulated in terms of integral equations written along the crack contour. These boundary integral equations are discretized in both horizontal wavenumber and space and are solved in the frequency domain, at each time step. The earthquake model that we consider starts with a nucleating crack where slip occurs instantaneously at some arbitrary time. The shear stress is calculated at the tip of the crack, and, if and when it reaches the static friction, the crack tip propagates and the shear stress drops to the dynamic friction level. The boundary integral equation system is then solved for the new crack, and this scheme is repeated until the rupture stops or reaches the extremity of the fault. The method is naturally free of singularities. It can be applied to the case of a nonplanar fault. A few examples of simulation are presented to illustrate the method.