Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intermediate‐Depth Earthquakes Controlled by Incoming Plate Hydration Along Bending‐Related Faults

Intermediate‐depth earthquakes (focal depths 70–300 km) are enigmatic with respect to their nucleation and rupture mechanism and the properties controlling their spatial distribution. Several recent studies have shown a link between intermediate‐depth earthquakes and the thermal‐petrological path of subducting slabs in relation to the stability field of hydrous minerals. Here we investigate whether the structural characteristics of incoming plates can be correlated with the intermediate‐depth seismicity rate. We quantify the structural characteristics of 17 incoming plates by estimating the maximum fault throw of bending‐related faults. Maximum fault throw exhibits a statistically significant correlation with the seismicity rate. We suggest that the correlation between fault throw and intermediate‐depth seismicity rate indicates the role of hydration of the incoming plate, with larger faults reflecting increased damage, greater fluid circulation, and thus more extensive slab hydration.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Hydrodynamic Analysis in Commonly Used Biomedical Devices in Biofilm Studies

Biofilms are microbial communities which can form on most biotic or abiotic surfaces including glass, metal, plastic, rocks, and live tissues. These colonies begin with individual planktonic bacterial cells that attach to a surface and then start to generate a sticky Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS). This complex polysaccharide matrix contributes to a modification of the phenotypic status of bacteria and protects them against the detrimental changes in the microenvironment surrounding the biofilms. These phenotypic changes typically confer increased resistance to antibiotics or to the host defence system in patients. This enhanced tolerance is associated with significant problems, such as hospital acquired infections, equipment damage, and energy losses (Trachoo, 2003; Percival et al., 2004), making biofilms a major concern in different industries. In health care, biofilms are responsible for 65% of hospital acquired infections, adding more than $1 billion annually for treatment costs in United States (Percival et al., 2004). Hospital acquired infections are the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S. accounting for 2 million death annually (Wenzel, 2007). Almost all types of biomedical devices and tissue engineering constructs are susceptible to biofilm formation (Bryers & Ratner, 2004; Bryers, 2008). Biofilms are particularly associated with a variety of bloodstream infections related to indwelling medical devices (e.g. urinary and cardiovascular catheters, vascular and ocular prostheses, prosthetic heart valves, cardiac pacemakers, cerebrospinal fluid shunts and other types of surgical devices). They are also responsible for chronic infections and recalcitrant diseases such as cystic fibrosis and periodontal diseases (Castelli et al.,2006; MacLeod et al., 2007; Meda et al., 2007; Presterl et al., 2007; Murray et al., 2007; Bryers, 2008; Phillips et al., 2008). In industrial applications, biofilms can clog filters, block pipes and induce corrosion. They are responsible for billions of dollars yearly in equipment damage, energy losses, and water system contamination (Geesey & Bryers 2000). Additional costs associated with biofilm contaminations include disinfection, preventive maintenance, mitigation and replacement of contaminated materials.
Regulation of Arabidopsis Embryo and Endosperm Development by the Polypeptide Signaling Molecule CLE8[C][W]

This article shows that the small signaling molecule CLE8 plays an important role in regulating cell division patterns in the Arabidopsis thaliana embryo, as well as the proliferation of the surrounding nutrient-rich endosperm. CLE8 promotes seed size and induces expression of the WOX8 transcription factor gene, acting in a novel CLE-WOX regulatory cassette that coordinates seed formation. The plant seed is a major nutritional source for humans as well as an essential embryo development and dispersal unit. To ensure proper seed formation, fine spatial and temporal coordination between the embryo, endosperm, and maternal seed components must be achieved. However, the intercellular signaling pathways that direct the synchronous development of these tissues are poorly understood. Here we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana peptide ligand CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED8 (CLE8) is exclusively expressed in young embryos and endosperm, and that it acts cell and noncell autonomously to regulate basal embryo cell division patterns, endosperm proliferation, and the timing of endosperm differentiation. CLE8 positively regulates expression of the transcription factor gene WUSCHEL-LIKE HOMEOBOX8 (WOX8), and together CLE8 and WOX8 form a signaling module that promotes seed growth and overall seed size. These results demonstrate that seed development is coordinated by a secreted peptide ligand that plays a key early role in orchestrating cell patterning and proliferation in the embryo and endosperm.
A type system for Java bytecode subroutines

Java is typically compiled into an intermediate language, JVML, that is interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine. Because mobile JVML code is not always trusted, a bytecode verifier enforces static constraints that prevent various dynamic errors. Given the importance of the bytecode verifier for security, its current descriptions are inadequate. This article proposes using typing rules to describe the bytecode verifier because they are more precise than prose, clearer than code, and easier to reason about than either. JVML has a subroutine construct which is used for the compilation of Java's try-finally statement. Subroutines are a major source of complexity for the bytecode verifier because they are not obviously last-in/first-out and because they require a kind of polymorphism. Focusing on subroutines, we isolate an interesting, small subset of JVML. We give typing rules for this subset and prove their correctness. Our type system constitutes a sound basis for bytecode verification and a rational reconstruction of a delicate part of Sun's bytecode verifier.
Electron-impact ionization of Na.

Recent convergent close-coupling calculations of the ionization cross section of Na by Bray [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1088 (1994)] are in poor agreement with the experimental determinations, most of which were carried out in the 1960s. We report here a measurement of the ratio of the peak ionization cross section to the cross section for excitation of the ${3}^{2}$P state near threshold. By normalizing the latter to the theoretical cross section computed by Moores and Norcross [J. Phys. B 5, 1482 (1972)] and more recently by Trail et al. [Phys. Rev. A 49, 3620 (1994)], we find an ionization cross section in agreement with Bray within 10%.
The Application of Skewed-Associative Memories to Cache Only Memory Architectures

Skewed-associative caches use several hash functions to reduce collisions in caches without increasing the associativity. This technique can increase the hit ratio of a cache without significantly increasing the cost. In this paper we apply skewing to solve a problem particular to virtual shared memory architectures that are designed using only associative memories. When using ordinary set-associative memories the replication of data amongst many nodes leads to a reduced storage capacity in a specific set. Using skewing can alleviate this problem. Our results show improvement in the majority of cases.
Trends in Outcomes for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest by Age in Japan

AbstractPopulation aging has rapidly advanced throughout the world and the elderly accounting for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has increased yearly.We identified all adults who experienced an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the All-Japan Utstein Registry of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency, a prospective, population-based clinical registry, between 2005 and 2010. Using multivariable regression, we examined temporal trends in outcomes for OHCA patients by age, as well as the influence of advanced age on outcomes. The primary outcome was a favorable neurological outcome at 1 month after OHCA.Among 605,505 patients, 454,755 (75.1%) were the elderly (≥65 years), and 154,785 (25.6%) were the oldest old (≥85 years). Although neurological outcomes were worse as the age group was older (P < 0.0001 for trend), there was a significant trend toward improved neurological outcomes during the study period by any age group (P < 0.005 for trend). After adjustment for temporal trends in various confounding variables, neurological outcomes improved yearly in all age groups (18–64 years: adjusted OR per year 1.15 [95% CI 1.13–1.18]; 65–84 years: adjusted OR per year 1.12 [95% CI 1.10–1.15]; and ≥85 years: adjusted OR per year 1.08 [95% CI 1.04–1.13]). Similar trends were found in the secondary outcomes.Although neurological outcomes from OHCA ware worse as the age group was older, the rates of favorable neurological outcomes have substantially improved since 2005 even in the elderly, including the oldest old. Careful consideration may be necessary in limiting treatment on OHCA solely for the reason of advanced age.
The neurodevelopmental basis of sex differences in schizophrenia

Male schizophrenics tend to manifest a severe form of the disease, characterized by early onset, poor pre-morbid adjustment, 'typical' and 'negative' symptoms, and poor outcome; they are more likely than their female counterparts to have a history of preor peri-natal complications, and to exhibit structural brain abnormalities. The most plausible explanation for these differences is that more male than female schizophrenics have a form of disease due to neurodevelopmental anomaly. This hypothesis also accounts for the excess of males in strictly defined schizophrenic cohorts, and in those who present before 30 years of age. In contrast, many later-onset females diagnosed 'schizophrenic' have more in common, aetiologically, with affective psychosis than schizophrenia. Thus, much of the contemporary confusion about schizophrenia results from the conflation of two separate disorders, one commonest in young males and the other in older females.
Semi-automated Ontology Creation for High-Level Service Classification

In this paper, we propose a LexOnt, a semi-automatic ontology creation tool for high-level service ontology. LexOnt uses the Programmable Web directory of services as its corpus of data along with Internet sources such as Wikipedia in order to generate common terms within a service domain and determine generic properties for classification. Currently, Programmable Web classifies services in a flat categorization where each service is manually classified within a single category. Search is limited to attributes that are not related to the semantics of the service, such as protocol or messaging type. When using an ontology for the service API descriptions, services can be automatically classified and queried for according to their attributes. Additionally, services can then be distributed in an ontology-based service discovery system such as GloServ so that semantic registration and querying of services becomes possible.
Caspase-Mediated Suppression of Glutamate (AMPA) Receptor Channel Activity in Hippocampal Neurons in Response to DNA Damage Promotes Apoptosis and Prevents Necrosis: Implications for Neurological Side Effects of Cancer Therapy and Neurodegenerative Disorders

DNA damage in neurons is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders and may also contribute to the often severe neurological complications in cancer patients treated with chemotherapeutic agents. DNA damage can trigger apoptosis, a form of controlled cell death that involves activation of cysteine proteases called caspases. The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate plays central roles in the activation of neurons and in processes such as learning and memory, but overactivation of ionotropic glutamate receptors can induce either apoptosis or necrosis. Glutamate receptors of the AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate) type mediate such physiological and pathological processes in most neurons. We now report that DNA damage can alter glutamate receptor channel activity by a mechanism involving activation of caspases. Whole-cell patch clamp analyses revealed a marked decrease in AMPA-induced currents after exposure of neurons to camptothecin, a topoisomerase inhibitor that induces DNA damage; N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced currents were unaffected by camptothecin. The decrease in AMPA-induced current was accompanied by a decreased calcium response to AMPA. Pharmacological inhibition of caspases abolished the effects of camptothecin on AMPA-induced current and calcium responses, and promoted excitotoxic necrosis. Combined treatment with glutamate receptor antagonists and a caspase inhibitor prevented camptothecin-induced neuronal death. Caspase-mediated suppression of AMPA currents may allow neurons with damaged DNA to withdraw their participation in excitatory circuits and undergo apoptosis, thereby avoiding widespread necrosis. These findings have important implications for treatment of patients with cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
PROCESS MATURITY ASSESSMENT OF THE NIGERIAN SOFTWARE INDUSTRY

Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a recognized tool for performing software process maturity and capability evaluation in software organizations. Experience with software companies in Nigeria shows that most project management activities do not follow the conventional practices. The study considered the extent to which companies make use of organizational software process in performing their software development activities. The extent to which software products are developed and documented as well as level of adherence to existing organizational software process were studied among Twenty-six (26) selected software companies in Nigeria. The selection criteria were based on: availability of personnel to provide adequate information; size of the development team; how established the companies are; and geographical distribution. Our study revealed that the software companies do not have adequate documentation of their organizational software process, and that most of the companies carry out their software development process by means of implicit in-house methods.
Place categorization and semantic mapping on a mobile robot

In this paper we focus on the challenging problem of place categorization and semantic mapping on a robot without environment-specific training. Motivated by their ongoing success in various visual recognition tasks, we build our system upon a state-of-the-art convolutional network. We overcome its closed-set limitations by complementing the network with a series of one-vs-all classifiers that can learn to recognize new semantic classes online. Prior domain knowledge is incorporated by embedding the classification system into a Bayesian filter framework that also ensures temporal coherence. We evaluate the classification accuracy of the system on a robot that maps a variety of places on our campus in real-time. We show how semantic information can boost robotic object detection performance and how the semantic map can be used to modulate the robot's behaviour during navigation tasks. The system is made available to the community as a ROS module.
Acute Psoas Abscess in Children

From the Departments of Pediatric Surgery, Cook County Hospital and the University of Illinois Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois. * Chairman, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cook County Hospital; Chief, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital; Associate Professor of Surgery, Abraham Lincoln School of Medicine of the University of Illinois. Correspondence to: Cook County Children’s Hospital, 700 South ~~Voad Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612. and recommended intravenous antibiotics. A sur-
Immunological assays employed for the elucidation of an histoplasmosis outbreak in São Paulo, SP

Several reports showed outbreaks of histoplasmosis acquired while bat-inhabited caves were visited by tourists, miners or researchers. We evaluated the performance of double immunodifusion (DI) and immunoblotting (IB) assays, employed for the histoplasmosis outbreak elucidation occurred in Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo. The existence of epidemiologic link, four patients with clinical signs suggestive of histoplasmosis and mycological confirmation has made that all 35 individuals involved to the cave visit were subjected to serological evaluation. By DI, we observed reactivity against H. capsulatum antigen in a single serum examined nearly 20 days after exposure to fungal propagules. On the other hand, IB showed reactivity against H and M fractions in 50% of samples evaluated. The analysis of the second sample batch, collected two months after the exposure showed that 96.7% were reactive by DI with antibodies titers ranging from 1 to 16 and 100% of reactivity against H and M fractions, by IB, suggesting an acute infection. The analysis of the overall agreement between the methods showed to be reasonable (κ = 0.37). This study confirms the importance and efficacy of more sensitive methodologies, such as IB assay, to early elucidation of disease, especially in cases of patients without mycological information.
Typhoid intestinal perforation in Francophone Africa, a scoping review

Typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP) is a leading cause of peritonitis and indication for emergency surgery in Africa, with reported mortality rates up to 30% in pediatric patients. Currently, data on TIP in Western databases are primarily from countries that speak English, likely due to non-English publication and citation biases. Despite the high burden of infectious diseases in Francophone Africa, data from these countries regarding TIP remain limited. This study aims to highlight the incidence and morbidity of TIP in Francophone African countries using an extended search algorithm. We conducted a scoping review using the PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases with the keywords “peritonitis”, “non-traumatic ileal perforation”, and “typhoid” in Francophone African countries. Additionally, we contacted surgeons in Africa and concurrently used citation chasing to obtain data not found in western databases. In total, 32 studies from 12 countries were identified and included in this review. A total of 22 publications were in French. Patient median age was 20 years and TIP caused a median of 35% of acute peritonitis cases. Mortality rates ranged from 6–37% (median: 16%). Rate of complications ranged from 15–92% (median: 46%). Ileostomy creation as a treatment for TIP varied between hospitals (0–79%), with the highest rates reported in Niger. In Francophone Africa, TIP is associated with high morbidity and mortality, most commonly in children and young adults. Interventions, including improved sanitation and the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines into routine vaccination programs, have the potential to significantly decrease typhoid fever and its complications.
[Comparison of maternal self-esteem, postpartal depression, and family function in mothers of normal and of low birth-weight infants].

PURPOSE The study investigates the degree of maternal self-esteem, postpartal depression, and family function in mothers of normal and of low birth-weight infants. METHOD A retrospective cohort design was applied to compare the variables of interest between a group of 73 mothers with normal birth weight infants and a group of 45 mothers with low birth-weight infants, using the maternal self-report inventory(MSRV), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) and Family APGAR(FAPGAR). RESULT The total mean score was 82.57 for MSRV, 8.45 for EPDS, and 6.83 for FAPGAR with no differences between two groups. A positive correlation was found between MSRV and FAPGAR, while a negative correlations between MSRV and EPDS, and FAPGAR and EPDS. Regardless of the direction of the relationship, the degrees of the correlations were stronger in low birth-weight mothers group than in normal group. CONCLUSION No differences in MSRV, EPDS and FAPGAR between the normal and the low birth-weight group considered as beneficial effects of the follow-up management which low birth-weight group was engaged in. This suggested the early intervention(follow-up) for the family with risk factor(low birth-weight) could reduce negative outcomes such as the impaired maternal self-esteem and family function, and the occurrence of postpartal depression, retrospectively.
Coding Strategies for Bidirectional Relaying for Arbitrarily Varying Channels

In this work we study optimal coding strategies for bidirectional relaying under the condition of arbitrarily varying channels. We consider a three-node network where a relay node establishes a bidirectional communication between two nodes using a spectrally efficient decode-and-forward protocol. In the first phase the two nodes transmit their messages to the relay node, which decodes them. In the succeeding bidirectional broadcast phase the relay node broadcasts an optimal re-encoded composition of them so that both nodes can decode the intended message using their own message as side information. We assume that the whole communication is affected by channels which vary in an unknown and arbitrary manner during the transmission so that all nodes have only imperfect channel state information. For both phases of the bidirectional relaying protocol we present robust coding strategies, which mitigate the uncertainty in channel state information so that reliable communication can be guaranteed. Further, we characterize the corresponding capacity regions for random and deterministic coding strategies.
The IQD Family of Calmodulin-Binding Proteins Links Calcium Signaling to Microtubules, Membrane Subdomains, and the Nucleus1[OPEN]

Members of the Arabidopsis IQD family of calmodulin targets localize to microtubules, plasma membrane subdomains, and nuclear compartments and mediate calcium signaling during cell growth. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling and dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton are essential processes for the coordination and control of plant cell shape and cell growth. Calmodulin (CaM) and closely related calmodulin-like (CML) polypeptides are principal sensors of Ca2+ signals. CaM/CMLs decode and relay information encrypted by the second messenger via differential interactions with a wide spectrum of targets to modulate their diverse biochemical activities. The plant-specific IQ67 DOMAIN (IQD) family emerged as possibly the largest class of CaM-interacting proteins with undefined molecular functions and biological roles. Here, we show that the 33 members of the IQD family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) differentially localize, using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged proteins, to multiple and distinct subcellular sites, including microtubule (MT) arrays, plasma membrane subdomains, and nuclear compartments. Intriguingly, the various IQD-specific localization patterns coincide with the subcellular patterns of IQD-dependent recruitment of CaM, suggesting that the diverse IQD members sequester Ca2+-CaM signaling modules to specific subcellular sites for precise regulation of Ca2+-dependent processes. Because MT localization is a hallmark of most IQD family members, we quantitatively analyzed GFP-labeled MT arrays in Nicotiana benthamiana cells transiently expressing GFP-IQD fusions and observed IQD-specific MT patterns, which point to a role of IQDs in MT organization and dynamics. Indeed, stable overexpression of select IQD proteins in Arabidopsis altered cellular MT orientation, cell shape, and organ morphology. Because IQDs share biochemical properties with scaffold proteins, we propose that IQD families provide an assortment of platform proteins for integrating CaM-dependent Ca2+ signaling at multiple cellular sites to regulate cell function, shape, and growth.