Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Role of Sense of Control in the Associations Between Remote Contacts and Loneliness Among Older Adults

This study explored whether a sense of control over social life mediated the associations between using remote contact (phone calls, letters/emails, social media) and loneliness for socially isolated older adults. We used path analysis with the 2014 and 2016 Health and Retirement Study datasets (N = 3767). Results showed that more frequent phone calls and letters/emails were associated with lower levels of loneliness through sense of control. However, sense of control did not mediate the association between social media and loneliness. Findings suggest that promoting sense of control over social life by remote contact, particularly phone calls and letters/emails, may be effective in alleviating loneliness for isolated older adults.
Exposure to written content eliciting weight stigmatization: Neural responses in appetitive and food reward regions

Neural activity in food reward‐ and appetite‐related regions was examined in response to high‐calorie (HC), low‐calorie, and non‐food pictures after exposure to written weight stigma (WS) content. Relationships with eating behavior (by Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire [TFEQ]), blood glucose, and subjective appetite were also explored.
Conditional blastocyst complementation of a defective Foxa2 lineage efficiently promotes the generation of the whole lung

Millions suffer from incurable lung diseases, and the donor lung shortage hampers organ transplants. Generating the whole organ in conjunction with the thymus is a significant milestone for organ transplantation because the thymus is the central organ to educate immune cells. Using lineage-tracing mice and human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived lung-directed differentiation, we revealed that gastrulating Foxa2 lineage contributed to both lung mesenchyme and epithelium formation. Interestingly, Foxa2 lineage-derived cells in the lung mesenchyme progressively increased and occupied more than half of the mesenchyme niche, including endothelial cells, during lung development. Foxa2 promoter-driven, conditional Fgfr2 gene depletion caused the lung and thymus agenesis phenotype in mice. Wild-type donor mouse PSCs injected into their blastocysts rescued this phenotype by complementing the Fgfr2-defective niche in the lung epithelium and mesenchyme and thymic epithelium. Donor cell is shown to replace the entire lung epithelial and robust mesenchymal niche during lung development, efficiently complementing the nearly entire lung niche. Importantly, those mice survived until adulthood with normal lung function. These results suggest that our Foxa2 lineage-based model is unique for the progressive mobilization of donor cells into both epithelial and mesenchymal lung niches and thymus generation, which can provide critical insights into studying lung transplantation post-transplantation shortly.
Drug repositioning strategy for the identification of novel telomere‐damaging agents: A role for NAMPT inhibitors

Drug repositioning strategy represents a valid tool to accelerate the pharmacological development through the identification of new applications for already existing compounds. In this view, we aimed at discovering molecules able to trigger telomere‐localized DNA damage and tumor cell death. By applying an automated high‐content spinning‐disk microscopy, we performed a screening aimed at identifying, on a library of 527 drugs, molecules able to negatively affect the expression of TRF2, a key protein in telomere maintenance. FK866, resulting from the screening as the best candidate hit, was then validated at biochemical and molecular levels and the mechanism underlying its activity in telomere deprotection was elucidated both in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study allow us to discover a novel role of FK866 in promoting, through the production of reactive oxygen species, telomere loss and deprotection, two events leading to an accumulation of DNA damage and tumor cell death. The ability of FK866 to induce telomere damage and apoptosis was also demonstrated in advanced preclinical models evidencing the antitumoral activity of FK866 in triple‐negative breast cancer—a particularly aggressive breast cancer subtype still orphan of targeted therapies and characterized by high expression levels of both NAMPT and TRF2. Overall, our findings pave the way to the development of novel anticancer strategies to counteract triple‐negative breast cancer, based on the use of telomere deprotecting agents, including NAMPT inhibitors, that would rapidly progress from bench to bedside.
Late holocene man-induced environmental change in central russian plain: paleopedological evidences from early-medieval archaeological site.

Local natural and man-induced environmental changes in the early medievalarchaeological site in the central Russian plain were reconstructed by study of surface and buriedsoil profiles. Natural soils and ecosystems on watersheds were similar to present ones in agreementwith palynological data. In the floodplain there are remains of forest soils and anthropogenichorizons. These formed in ancient urban environments and are buried under recent alluviumindicating that alluvial sedimentation and flood intensities were much less than at present. Ancientman-induced environmental change related to crop growing activity is well documented bypalynological data but corresponding cultivated horizons are found only in few buried profiles,being unstable if left on the surface. Paleopedological signs of the ancient urban environment arevery stable and preserved in surface soils even 1000 years after the settlement stopped functioning.
Formation and evolution of biogenic secondary organic aerosol over a forest site in Japan

Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol particles was characterized using an Aerodyne high‐resolution time‐of‐flight aerosol mass spectrometer at a forest site in Japan during 20–30 August 2010. A major fraction of nonrefractory submicron aerosol particles consisted of organics (accounting for, on average, 46% of total mass), sulfate (41%), and ammonium (12%). Positive matrix factorization of high‐resolution organic aerosol mass spectra identified two oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) components: a highly oxidized, low‐volatility OOA and a less oxidized, semivolatile OOA (SV‐OOA), interpreted mainly as aged regional organic aerosol (OA) and as locally formed biogenic secondary OA (BSOA), respectively. The mass concentrations of SV‐OOA increased prominently during the daytime, suggesting a strong photochemical production of BSOA on both nonevent and new particle formation event days. Increases of f44 (fraction of m/z 44 in OA mass spectrum), the fraction of CxOy+ fragment, and the O/C ratio after midday (around 13:00 local time) suggest that OA became increasingly oxygenated, which can be explained by the aging of freshly formed BSOA. Aqueous phase oxidation reactions under conditions of high relative humidity may have played a vital role in the aging of BSOA in this forest atmosphere. A substantial increase of the mass concentration of organics in the small size range (below 300 nm in vacuum aerodynamic diameter), without an increase in that of sulfate, suggests that the formation of BSOA made a dominant contribution to the presence of particles of cloud condensation nuclei size around the studied area.
TAXONOMY AND STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOECOLOGY OF WELL-PRESERVED PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA FROM THE UPPERMOST OLIGOCENE OF TRINIDAD

Outcrops of the Cipero Formation that are currently exposed near San Fernando, Trinidad, are described. These contain exceptionally well-preserved planktonic foraminifer assemblages of latest Oligocene and earliest Miocene age. The full range of included species is documented, including some rarely reported forms. Details of foraminifer test construction and wall ultrastructures are examined using scanning electron microscopy of whole and dissected tests. Observations include (i) the presence of micrometer-scale spikes – confirmed by examination of comparable material from the Oligocene of Puerto Rico – on the interior test surface of Cassigerinella chipolensis , (ii) detailed investigation of the calcite crust on tests of Catapsydrax dissimilis and Turborotalita quinqueloba , (iii) well-preserved wall microstructure on tests of “ Paragloborotalia ” pseudokugleri , and (iv) confirmation of a radially crystalline wall in Tenuitella and Globigerinita that compares closely with Miocene Globigerinatella from ODP Site 871 (western Pacific Ocean). Multi-species oxygen and carbon stable isotope measurements divide the assemblage into various ecological groups, including mixed layer, thermocline, and sub-thermocline dwellers. The fossil assemblage and isotope data indicate an oligotrophic open-ocean setting with a well-defined and seasonally stable thermocline with sea surface temperatures of about 27°C (similar to modern) and sub-thermocline waters of about 13°C. The mixed layer was dominated by species of Globigerina , “ Paragloborotalia ” pseudokugleri , Cassigerinella , and Globigerinita . The base of the mixed layer and upper thermocline was inhabited by Turborotalita , Paragloborotalia , Dentoglobigerina larmeui , and Tenuitella . The deep thermocline was inhabited by the large species “ Dentoglobigerina ” venezuelana and “ D . ” rohri . Sub-thermocline intermediate water was occupied by Catapsydrax dissimilis .
Promising potential of machine learning-assisted MALDI-TOF MS as an effective detector for Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and virulence thereof

ABSTRACT Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen that can be transmitted to humans by close contact with infected or carrier pigs. Among the 29 true serotypes, serotype 2 is the most significant due to its high prevalence in diseased pigs and its association with human clinical cases. The co-existence of strong and weak virulent strains of SS2 (Streptococcus suis serotype 2) complicates the surveillance, coupled with the fact that traditional methods based on serologic tests or multiple PCR are laborious and time-consuming, posing challenges to the prevention and control of streptococcosis. Therefore, developing a new method to rapidly detect S. suis serotype 2 and virulent strains thereof is extremely essential. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was performed among 137 S. suis strains covering all the true serotypes to explore its potential for identifying SS2 strains with strong virulence. By comparing mass spectrometry data with those of bacterial phenotypic and genomic properties, our study reveals, for the first time, the strong correlations between mass spectra patterns and the phenotypes (of serotype and virulence). In addition, machine learning-based classifiers have more than 90% accuracy in making correct judgments. Overall, the promising potential of MALDI-TOF MS for virulent SS2 detection was proven, and the corresponding methods disclosed in this study will pave the way for high speed-specific causative agent identification among more extensive bacterial species. IMPORTANCE To the best of our knowledge, this study reveals a strong correlation between mass spectra pattern and virulence phenotype among S. suis for the first time. In order to make the findings applicable and to excavate the intrinsic information in the spectra, the classifiers based on the machine learning algorithms were established, and RF (Random Forest)-based models have achieved an accuracy of over 90%. Overall, this study will pave the way for virulent SS2 (Streptococcus suis serotype 2) rapid detection, and the important findings on the association between genotype and mass spectrum may provide a new idea for the genotype-dependent detection of specific pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this study reveals a strong correlation between mass spectra pattern and virulence phenotype among S. suis for the first time. In order to make the findings applicable and to excavate the intrinsic information in the spectra, the classifiers based on the machine learning algorithms were established, and RF (Random Forest)-based models have achieved an accuracy of over 90%. Overall, this study will pave the way for virulent SS2 (Streptococcus suis serotype 2) rapid detection, and the important findings on the association between genotype and mass spectrum may provide a new idea for the genotype-dependent detection of specific pathogens.
Circum-Arctic Petroleum Potential

More than 30 sedimentary basins surround the Arctic Ocean. A reconstruction of the ancient structural, depositional, and climatic trends has been made of the more important basins to evaluate the relative hydrocarbon potential of this frontier area. Although tectonic movement has been active throughout the Phanerozoic, four periods of tectonism were of particular importance in forming and developing the Arctic basins: the Caledonian orogeny during the Devonian, the formation of the Ural Mountains during the Permian-Triassic collision of the Siberian and Baltic Platforms, the opening of the Canada Deep during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, and sea-floor spreading along the Nansen-Gakkel Ridge during the early Tertiary. These events created a complex paleoenvironmental history for the Arctic basins, resulting in a variety of sources, seals, and reservoirs. End_Page 101------------------------
Toward recovery-oriented perinatal healthcare: A participatory qualitative exploration of persons with lived experience and health providers’ views and experiences

Abstract Background Perinatal mental health disorders (PMHD) remain often undetected, undiagnosed, and untreated with variable access to perinatal mental health care (PMHC). To guide the design of optimal PMHC (i.e., coproduced with persons with lived experience [PLEs]), this qualitative participatory study explored the experiences, views, and expectations of PLEs, obstetric providers (OP), childcare health providers (CHPs), and mental health providers (MHPs) on PMHC and the care of perinatal depression. Methods We conducted nine focus groups and 24 individual interviews between December 2020 and May 2022 for a total number of 84 participants (24 PLEs; 30 OPs; 11 CHPs; and 19 MHPs). The PLEs group included women with serious mental illness (SMI) or autistic women who had contact with perinatal health services. We recruited PLEs through social media and a center for psychiatric rehabilitation, and health providers (HPs) through perinatal health networks. We used the inductive six-step process by Braun and Clarke for the thematic analysis. Results We found some degree of difference in the identified priorities between PLEs (e.g., personal recovery, person-centered care) and HPs (e.g., common culture, communication between providers, and risk management). Personal recovery in PMHD corresponded to the CHIME framework, that is, connectedness, hope, identity, meaning, and empowerment. Recovery-supporting relations and peer support contributed to personal recovery. Other factors included changes in the socio-cultural conception of the peripartum, challenging stigma (e.g., integrating PMH into standard perinatal healthcare), and service integration. Discussion This analysis generated novel insights into how to improve PMHC for all users including those with SMI or autism.
Chronic venous insufficiency and venous leg ulcers: Aetiology, on the pathophysiology‐based treatment

Abstract The chronic venous disease covers a wide spectrum of venous disorders that are characterized by severely impaired blood return that primarily affects veins in the lower extremities. Morphological and functional abnormalities of the venous system led to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and present as leg heaviness/achiness, edema, telangiectasia, and varices. The term ‘chronic venous insufficiency’ (CVI) refers to a disease of greater severity. Venous dysfunction is associated with venous hypertension and is associated with venous reflux due to poorly functioning or incompetent venous valves, which ultimately reduces venous return, leading to a cascade of morphological, physiological, and histologic abnormalities such as blood pooling, hypoxia, inflammation, swelling, skin changes (lipodermatosclerosis), and in severe cases, venous leg ulcers (VLU). This review summarizes recent knowledge about the aetiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of VLU and compared the possibilities of their treatment.
An unsupervised learning approach to identify immunoglobulin utilization patterns using electronic health records

Managing Canada's immunoglobulin (Ig) product resource allocation is challenging due to increasing demand, high expenditure, and global shortages. Detection of groups with high utilization rates can help with resource planning for Ig products. This study aims to uncover utilization subgroups among the Ig recipients using electronic health records (EHRs).
Higher Levels of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Young Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Unaffected Siblings and Healthy Controls

Objective Despite being highly genetic, the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), has not yet been clarified. Recent research has focused on the role of neuroinflammation and immune system dysfunction in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders including ASD. Galectin-1 and galactin-3 are considered among the biomarkers of neuroinflammation and there has been recent reports on the potential role of galectins in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, there has been no study examining the relationship between ASD and galectin levels. Methods Current study aimed to investigate galectin-1 and galectin-3 serum levels in young subjects with ASD comparing with their unaffected siblings and healthy controls. Results We found significantly higher levels of galectin-1 in case group compared to both unaffected siblings and healthy controls, and higher levels of galectin-3 in case group compared to healthy controls. However, there was no significant association between galectin-1 and galectin-3 levels with the severity of ASD. Conclusion Findings of our study may support neuroinflammation hypothesis in the etiology of ASD and the potential role of galectin-1 and galectin-3 as biomarkers.
Altered histone abundance as a mode of ovotoxicity during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exposure with additive influence of obesity

Abstract Histones are slowly evolving chromatin components and chromatin remodeling can incorporate histone variants differing from canonical histones as an epigenetic modification. Several identified histone variants are involved with the environmental stress-induced DNA damage response (DDR). Mechanisms of DDR in transcriptionally inactive, prophase-arrested oocytes and epigenetic regulation are under-explored in ovarian toxicology. The study objective was to identify ovarian proteomic and histone modifications induced by DMBA exposure and an influence of obesity. Post-pubertal wildtype (KK.Cg-a/a; lean) and agouti (KK.Cg-Ay/J; obese) female mice, were exposed to either corn oil (control; CT) or DMBA (1 mg/kg) for 7d via intraperitoneal injection (n = 10/treatment). Ovarian proteome analysis (LC-MS/MS) determined that obesity altered 225 proteins (P < 0.05) with histone 3 being the second least abundant (FC = −5.98, P < 0.05). Histone 4 decreased by 3.33-fold, histone variant H3.3 decreased by 3.05-fold, and H1.2, H1.4 and H1.1(alpha) variants increased by 1.59, 1.90 and 2.01-fold, respectively (P < 0.05). DMBA exposure altered 48 proteins in lean mice with no observed alterations in histones or histone variants. In obese mice, DMBA exposure altered 120 proteins and histone 2B abundance increased by 0.30-fold (P < 0.05). In DMBA-exposed mice, obesity altered the abundance of 634 proteins. Histones 4, 3 and 2A type 1-F decreased by 4.03, 3.71, 0.43-fold, respectively, whereas histone variant H1.2 and linker histone, H15 increased by 2.72- and 3.07-fold, respectively (P < 0.05). Thus, DMBA exposure alters histones and histone variants, and responsivity is more pronounced during obesity, potentially altering ovarian transcriptional regulation.
Reference intervals of biochemical analytes in healthy adults from northern China: A population-based cross-sectional study

Reference intervals (RIs) of laboratory testing play a fundamental role in medical activities. RIs vary greatly for populations in different areas This study aimed to evaluate the age- and sex-specific reference intervals for a healthy population in a typical city of northern China. A cross-sectional study was performed in 4 tertiary care centers of Shijiazhuang of China, biochemical analytes were analyzed using a Beckman Coulter AU5800 (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA). A total of 42,979 healthy individuals were involved in this study. Grouped by age- and sex-specific, reference intervals of all the measures have been established. We found that different age groups of males and females have significant differences (all P < .001) in levels of various biochemical analytes. We provided a comprehensive age- and sex-specific RIs for biochemical analytes, which showed dynamic changes with both age and sex. For the local population, the reference intervals established here can be adopted in other clinical laboratories after appropriate validation.
Factors Associated with In-Hospital Exclusive Breastfeeding Among a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Patient Population.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and its association with sociodemographic factors, medical factors, breastfeeding intentions, and health care system breastfeeding support. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using medical records from 2015 to 2019 of healthy term infants without breastfeeding contraindications at a public teaching hospital serving a racially and ethnically diverse patient population. Using multivariable regression analysis, we examined the associations between in-hospital EBF and sociodemographic factors, medical factors, breastfeeding intentions, and health care system breastfeeding support (in-hospital breastfeeding education and lactation support). Results: The prevalence of in-hospital EBF was 29.0%. The statistically significant findings from our fully adjusted regression analysis include that there was a higher prevalence of in-hospital EBF among adult mothers (prevalence ratio [PR]: range 1.78-1.96), married mothers (PR: 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-1.44), and mothers who were White (PR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.20-1.66, compared with Black). Factors associated with a lower prevalence of in-hospital EBF were maternal diabetes (PR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.95), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71-0.95), cesarean delivery (PR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77-0.92), neonatal hypoglycemia (PR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.36-0.59), and intention in the prenatal period to formula feed only (PR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10-0.22). In-hospital lactation support was associated with higher prevalence of in-hospital EBF (PR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16-1.33). Conclusions: Prioritizing lactation support for Black mothers, adolescent mothers, those intending in the prenatal period to formula feed only, and mother-infant dyads with certain medical factors could improve in-hospital EBF.