Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soils erosion in pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) producing areas

Pineapple is the third most-produced tropical fruit worldwide; however, it is a crop that, due to its management, can lead to the generation and intensification of processes such as soil erosion. This paper presents a bibliographic review about the factors that influence erosion in soils dedicated to pineapple cultivation, addressing papers reported in the international literature, subsequently positioning it in the context of the main producing municipalities presented in the Valle del Cauca region. The available research covers the last four decades, where losses are estimated between 35 and 178t ha-1year-1; the topography, the conditions of the access roads, some management practices, and edaphic properties related to erodibility stand out among the most critical factors. Finally, based on the climatic, edaphological, and topographic traits reported in the literature for the main pineapple producing region of Valle del Cauca, and considering current management practices, it is found that this area can present very high erosion values since the soils are susceptible, and the slopes are steep, some of them even higher than 70%. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out more research to determine the erodibility and erosivity of these areas to know the potential degradation index, which will function as a valuable tool for decision-making, the generation of management, and conservation recommendations of these soils.
Social influence shapes adaptive water governance: empirical evidence from northwestern Pakistan

Social-ecological change has placed unprecedented stress on water resources throughout the world. This has driven water users to employ a diverse range of adaptation strategies and necessitates new governance structures, such as adaptive water governance (AWG), which have the capacity to manage resources in the midst of uncertainty and complexity. As such, AWG has the potential to support household adaptation strategies; however, little empirical work has been done to identify the factors that facilitate the emergence of AWG. To address this gap, we conducted a household survey of 448 households in northwestern Pakistan, a post-conflict, water-scarce area where adaptive governance is needed to support rural livelihoods in the midst of numerous socioeconomic and environmental transformations. Indeed, we found that households in our study area perceived a range of changes to the water system, including but not limited to declines of fish populations, decreased quality and amount of river water, and an increase of local tourism. Respondents reported a range of adaptation strategies including increasing agricultural inputs, planting new crop varieties, and changing their domestic water supply system. In some cases, households employed these adaptation strategies despite economic barriers, and although many were willing to go against friends’ and community leaders’ opinions to adapt, and they were less likely to counter the opinions of family members. This reveals that households negotiate multiple factors in their decisions to adapt to social-ecological change; as such, there is a great need for flexible and collaborative governance systems such as AWG to support this complexity in household adaptation decision making. Further, we argue that the varying roles of social influence should be considered to align governance structures with household decision-making processes. Thus, we suggest that AWG will be more likely to emerge when decision makers involved in water management draw on existing informal institutions and cross-sectoral collaboration to reflect the complex ways water users adapt to social-ecological change.
Unexpected Record of the Aquatic Sloth Thalassocnus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Folivora) in the Upper Neogene of the Puna (Jujuy, Argentina)

ABSTRACT Xenarthra are, very probably, the most basally branching clade among Placentalia, and the result of the so-called “Splendid Isolation” of South America. Although this is the only endemic clade with living representatives, its current diversity is very poor compared with that achieved during most of the Cenozoic. One particular clade, Folivora (living and fossil sloths), includes one of the most enigmatic animals, Thalassocnus, the only genus of the subfamily Thalassocninae. It was originally interpreted as an aquatic sloth taking into account the previous records, which are limited to coastal areas of the latest Miocene and Pliocene of Peru and Chile. Here we present the first record of Thalassocnus from Argentina, which in turn represents the first finding of the genus in a continental sequence. The materials (JUY-P-0180, radius, ulna and part of the articulated left manus) were exhumed from the upper member of the Tafna Formation (Late Miocene–Pliocene) in the eastern Puna (Jujuy Province), Argentina. In agreement with our comparative study, the cladistic analysis corroborates its identification as belonging to the genus Thalassocnus, being placed in a relatively basal location. This finding is of paleobiogeographic and paleoenvironmental significance, due to its location, more than 1171 km away from the Peruvian locality (Sacaco) and more than 750 km from the nearest ones in Chile (Caldera). This extends the geographic range from 76°W to 65°53′W, and from typical littoral environments, to clearly more terrestrial ones. The evolutionary and paleobiogeographic history of Thalassocnus is more complex than previously interpreted.
HYPERCYCLICITY OF THE OPERATOR ALGEBRA FOR A SEPARABLE HILBERT SPACE

If X is a topological vector space and T : X ! X is a continuous linear mapping, then T is said to be hypercyclic when there is a vector f in X such that the set {T n f : n > 0} is dense in X. When X is a separable Frechet space, Gethner and Shapiro obtained a sucient condition for the mapping T to be hypercyclic. In the present paper, we obtain an analogous sucient condition when X is a particular nonmetrizable space, namely the operator algebra for a separable infinite dimensional Hilbert space H, endowed with the strong operator topology. Using our result, we further provide a sucient condition for a mapping T on H to have a closed infinite dimensional subspace of hypercyclic vectors. This condition was first found by Montes-Rodr´iguez for a general Banach space, but the approach that we take is entirely dierent and simpler.
Does the Number of Substitutions Used during the Matches Affect the Recovery Status and the Physical and Technical Performance of Elite Women’s Soccer?

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a new rule for substitutions (four and five) with the rule before the COVID-19 pandemic (up to three) on recovery status, physical and technical performance, internal workload, and recovery process in elite women soccer players. Thirty-eight matches from 2019 to 2020 from the Brazilian Championships were analyzed. All data for the two conditions (≤3 and 4–5 substitutions) were compared using an independent t-test. The physical demands measured by a global positioning system (GPS) and the technical (obtained from Instat) and internal workload (rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) were assessed. The recovery process was measured by the total quality recovery (TQR) 24 h after each match. No differences were observed in any physical and technical parameters between 4–5 and ≤3 substitutions (p > 0.05). Moreover, 4–5 substitutions demonstrated lower RPE (p < 0.001) and workload-RPE (p < 0.001), higher TQR (p = 0.008), and lower time played by the player (p < 0.001), compared to ≤3. Thus, the new provisory rule for substitutions improved the balance between stress and recovery.
Assessment of nutrient adequacy and associated factors among lactating women of rural Bangladesh using observed intake: Findings from Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey 2018–2019

Abstract Lactating women of low‐ and middle‐income countries are prone to develop deficiencies in essential nutrients due to various demographic and socioeconomic components. This study aimed to estimate the adequacy of dietary intake and the determinants of diet quality of lactating women in rural Bangladesh. One‐day dietary recall (24‐Hour recall) data of 973 lactating women were obtained from the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) 2018–2019. Nutrient adequacy was determined using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut‐point approach. The molar ratios of phytate to zinc, calcium, and iron were calculated. Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) was calculated to measure diet quality, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the sociodemographic determinants of MAR. While the intakes of protein and carbohydrate were equal to/above the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) among most of the subjects, intakes of total energy and fat were below the reference intakes for 74.4% and 98.3%, respectively. Nutrient adequacy remained unmet for riboflavin, calcium, vitamin A, and folate among most (87.2%–97.6%) of the study population, and the mean (SD) MAR was 0.72 (0.12). Cereals were the major contributor of energy and B vitamins, while protein and iron mainly came from plant‐based sources. The molar ratio of phytate to iron was greater than the critical limit among most respondents. Maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) (beta = 0.003, p = .014) and education level (beta = 0.017, p = .038) were associated with their diet quality. The diet of most lactating women in rural Bangladesh indicates the inadequacy of several micronutrients. This can lead to a worsening of the double burden of malnutrition in women. Lactating women should be given special consideration when designing food and nutrition programs for reproductive women in rural Bangladesh.
Factors Affecting Glycemic Control among Saudi Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Aseer Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia

Glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is affected by many factors that may be influenced by their lives and community. To identify the factors associated with glycemic control among children with T1DM in Aseer Region, southwestern Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional interview study was conducted between 1 July and 30 September 2021, with a representative sample of Saudi children aged between 6 months and 15 years with T1DM or their caregivers visiting the diabetes center at Aseer Region. Newly diagnosed cases (<12 months) were excluded from the study. The study included 171 T1DM pediatric patients aged between 18 months and 15 years. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level ranged between 6.10% and 15.10% (mean HbA1c = 10.39% ± 1.86%). High HbA1c levels (≥7.5%) were observed in most patients (94.7%). Only two significant factors were found: (1) use of carbohydrate counting; 81.8% of children using carbohydrate counts had high HbA1c levels, compared to 96.6% of children not using carbohydrate counts (p = 0.017), and (2) duration of the disease; 91.5% of children with disease duration of ≤3 years had high levels of HbA1c, compared to 98.7% of children with disease duration exceeding 3 years (p = 0.035). Most children with T1DM in Aseer Region had poor glycemic control. Only two factors were associated with better glycemic control: shorter disease duration and use of carbohydrate counting. Therefore, advising diabetic patients to be on a carbohydrate counting program might improve DM control.
Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Management of Musculoskeletal Affections in Canines

The present work done on physiotherapy and rehabilitation techniques of locomotor system in canine practice is very meagre, especially on physical assessment and diagnostic findings of chronic complains of locomotor affections especially musculoskeletal in dogs with failed medical treatment and no surgical intervention was possible. Nine dogs (5 in the age group of >5 years, three of age group of 1 to 5 years, and one in the age group of <1 year) ;6, males and 3 females represented with affections of the musculoskeletal system were included in the present study, amongst which 3 cases were of hind quarter weakness and 6 cases of muscles strain, wherein physiotherapy was employed. All nine clinical cases were subjected to a detailed examination, including comprehensive neurological examination, diagnostic imaging, goniometry and haemato-biochemical estimations. All patients were treated with different types of physiotherapy modalities and rehabilitation techniques and observed the effectiveness of physiotherapy. Physiotherapy management of patients had early and optimal resumptions of functions. The rehabilitation modalities provided meritorious treatment options for symptomatic pain relief in patients, resulting in improved quality of life.
Influence of Additives on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Asphalt Concrete

Implication of mineral additives into the asphalt concrete mixture can influence the viscoelastic behavior; change the density, gradation, and strength properties. In the present investigation, fly ash and silica fumes were added to the asphalt concrete mixture. Slab samples were compacted with the aid of laboratory roller, and then beam specimens were sawed from the slab samples. The asphalt concrete beam specimens were subjected to repeated flexural stresses through the four-points bending test at 20℃ and under 400 micro-strain level until failure. The influence of the additives was monitored and compared. It was concluded that the phase angle, flexural stiffness, and the fatigue life declines while the cumulative dissipated energy increases after implication of the additives. However, the silica fumes additives exhibit a significant impact on the viscoelastic properties as compared with the control or the fly ash treated mixtures.
Evaluation and Inheritance of Fruit Color, Size, Scar, Firmness and Plant Vigor in Blueberry1

Repeatability of scoring and inheritance of 5 characters were studied in highbush type blueberry progenies in 2 years. In the repeatability study, fruit size, scar and plant vigor scores were more consistent than fruit firmness and color. Plant vigor scores were high and fruit scar scores were low both years. In the inheritance study, cultivars ranked similarly for each character by either their phenotypic score or general combining ability effects. Mean square variances of general combining ability were larger than specific combining ability for fruit size, firmness, color and plant vigor. Mean square variance of specific combining ability was high for fruit scar. Heritability estimates for blueberry were high for fruit size, moderate for fruit color, low for fruit firmness and scar and lower for plant vigor.
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nutrition, Health and Environment in Indonesia: A Qualitative Investigation of Perspectives from Multi-Disciplinary Experts

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted food systems, health systems and the environment globally, with potentially greater negative effects in many lower-middle income countries (LMICs) including Indonesia. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on diets, health and the marine environment in Indonesia, based on the perspectives of a multidisciplinary group of informants. Methods: We conducted remote in-depth interviews with 27 key informants from many regions of Indonesia, who are either healthcare providers, nutrition researchers or environmental researchers. Interview question guides were developed based on a socio-ecological framework. We analyzed the data using a qualitative content analysis approach. Results: Informants suggested that while the COVID-19 brought increased awareness about and adherence to good nutrition and health behaviors, the impact was transitory. Informants indicated that healthy food options became less affordable, due to job losses and reduced income, suggesting a likely increase in food insecurity and obesity. Environmental researchers described higher levels of marine pollution from increase in hygienic wastes as well as from plastic packaging from food orders. Conclusions: Our findings reveal perceptions by informants that the increased awareness and adherence to health behaviors observed during the pandemic was not sustained. Our results also suggest that the pandemic may have exacerbated the double-burden paradox and marine pollution in Indonesia. This study offers information for generating hypotheses for quantitative studies to corroborate our findings and inform policies and programs to mitigate the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 on diets, health, and the marine environment in Indonesia.
Water Relations of Cut Eastern Redcedar Christmas Trees

Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginia L.) Christmas trees were cut in early December, brought indoors, and dried to different xylem pressure potentials (Ψ) before the stems were recut and placed in water. Redcedar trees dried rapidly, but quickly rehydrated even at Ψ as low as –6.5 to –7.0 MPa. Trees displayed negligible foliage loss while drying, but those dried to Ψ ≤ –4.9 MPa were predisposed to heavy defoliation following rehydration. There was a linear relationship between Ψ and twig moisture content (dry-weight basis).
An Update on the Incidence, Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Rituximab- Associated Neutropenia

With the increasing application of rituximab in hematological diseases and autoimmune diseases, we have gradually increased our awareness of the adverse reaction of rituximab-associated neutropenia, but little is known about its true incidence rate, susceptibility risk factors and exact pathogenesis. At present, research groups have conducted a large number of studies on different populations. The team found that age (age > 60), advanced disease, autologous stem cell transplantation, systemic lupus erythematosus and combined cyclophosphamide therapy were independent risk factors for RAN. However, its exact mechanism is not completely clear. Several hypotheses have been put forward to solve this question, including the production of anti-neutrophil antibodies after RTB, the generation disorder and neutrophil maturation stagnation caused by abnormal B-cell reconstruction, and the amplification of T-large granular lymphocyte population that may induce neutrophil apoptosis. This article reviews the update of the incidence rate, risk factors and mechanism of RAN.
An Abnormal Nut Splitting Problem of Pecan (Carya illinoensis Koch)

A longitudinal splitting of pecan which causes loss of nuts of thin-shelled cultivars during the “water” stage of the kernel is described. A similar splitting was induced by forcing water into the nut with a hypodermic needle. Soaking of nuts in water either on or off the trees did not induce splitting.
Sur le problème de Dirichlet

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Experimental Induction of Intracranial Aneurysms in Rats: A New Model Utilizing a Genetic Modification within the EDNRA Gene

The rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) leads to life-threatening subarachnoid hemorrhage. Aside from well-established risk factors, recently published genome-wide association studies of IA revealed the strong association of a common variant near the endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) gene with IA risk. However, the role of EDNRA in the pathogenesis of IA remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a genetic modification within the EDNRA gene on IA pathogenesis in a novel in vivo model. Adult wild-type Sprague–Dawley rats (WT rats) and genetically modified rats (EDNRA rats) were used for the induction of IA using arterial hypertension (HT). Animals were stratified into four groups: WT rats without (WT_CTL) and with induction of HT (WT + HT), as well as EDNRA rats without (EDNRA_CTL) and with induction of HT (EDNRA + HT). Blood pressure (BP) was observed for 12 weeks. After the observation period, cerebral arteries were analyzed for morphological (i.e., aneurysmal) changes as well as histological and functional changes by immunofluorescence and functional investigation. In the groups of rats with induction of HT, BP was higher in EDNRA + HT compared with that in WT + HT. No IAs were observed in WT_CTL and EDNRA_CTL but were found in WT + HT and EDNRA + HT. There was no histological difference in the immunofluorescence of EDNRA between all groups. Contractility and potency of endothelin-1 differed between the groups in functional investigation. In summary, we created a new model that is suitable for further studies for better understanding of the role of EDNRA in IA pathogenesis.
Risk Factors Involved in the Early and Medium-Term Poor Outcomes of Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy: A Single-Center Experience

Objective To investigate the risk factors involved in the early and medium-term poor outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) at the L4-5 level. Methods Between January 2015 and May 2020, we recruited 148 LDH patients at the L4-5 level who underwent PETD surgery. The patients were divided into Groups A and B, according to the surgical outcomes. Good and excellent outcomes were categorized into Group A, and generally good and poor outcomes were categorized into Group B. Clinical parameters (age, gender, symptom duration, hospital stay, operation time, blood loss, straight-leg raising (SLR), visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score and modified MacNab criteria) and radiologic parameters (foraminal height (FH), intervertebral height index (IHI), intervertebral angle (IVA), sagittal range of motion (sROM), and lumbar lordosis (LL)) were collected and analyzed using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results At the 6-month follow-up post operation, univariate analysis revealed that the symptom duration, SLR, IHI, and sROM were strongly associated with poor outcomes. However, multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that prolonged symptom duration, large SLR angel, and large sROM were independent risk factors for poor outcomes. At the 2-year follow-up post operation, univariate analysis suggested that advanced age, prolonged symptom duration, large preoperative VAS score, small FH, small IHI, and large sROM were potential risk factors for poor outcomes. However, multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that prolonged symptom duration, small IHI, and large sROM were independent risk factors for poor outcomes. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that prolonged symptom duration, large SLR angel, and large sROM were independent risk factors for poor outcomes immediately following PETD at the L4-5 level. However, prolonged symptom duration, small IHI, and large sROM were independent risk factors for poor outcomes at medium-term post PETD at the L4-5 level.
An introduction to conformal geometry and tractor calculus, with a view to applications in general relativity

The following are expanded lecture notes for the course of eight one hour lectures given by the second author at the 2014 summer school Asymptotic Analysis in General Relativity held in Grenoble by the Institut Fourier. The first four lectures deal with conformal geometry and the conformal tractor calculus, taking as primary motivation the search for conformally invariant tensors and diffrerential operators. The final four lectures apply the conformal tractor calculus to the study of conformally compactified geometries, motivated by the conformal treatment of infinity in general relativity.