Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Impacts on Livestock Production Systems: A Review

The socio-economic contribution of livestock production to global livelihood and food security offsets its negative effects on the environment through greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Livestocks are emitters of GHGs, carbon dioxide (CO ) from land conversion and deforestation, nitrous oxide (N O) from manure and slurry, and methane (CH ) from animal digestion which significantly contribute to climate change. Climate change has both direct and indirect impacts on animal farming. Thus, the main concern nowadays is toward the development of programs for adaptation and mitigation of GHG emissions. This review provides knowledge about climate change impacts on livestock production systems with the identification of strategies for livestock adaptation to climate change and mitigation of GHG emissions.
The recent crustal stress field in Central Europe sensu lato and its quantitative modelling

A detailed pattern of trajectories of the direction of maximum horizontal crustal stresses SHmax has been derived for Central Europe sensu lato according to actual data on fault plane solutions, in-situ stress measurements, geologic fault slip determinations and geodetic information. The generalization of this direction data on maximum compressive stress in the form of trajectories shows a bending from the well-established NWSE direction in western parts of the study area to directions of NE-SW to E-W in the eastern part. In some regions there is evidence for a more complicated pattern, e.g. apparently differing SHmax-directions in different depth horizons, stress deflections at pronounced tectonic complexes, and radial directions around the Pannonian Basin. For studying the conditions in the brittle part of the crust steady-state elastic finite-element model calculations were carried out to explain the observed stress orientations. It is shown that the simulation according to a modern plate tectonic concept leads to a pattern of main principal stress directions that is compatible with the generalized observed stress directions. More regional features were modelled by reasonable variation of elastic parameters of different lithospheric blocks.
Elevated gas flux and trace metal degassing from the 2014–2015 fissure eruption at the Bárðarbunga volcanic system, Iceland

The 2014 Bárðarbunga rifting event in Iceland resulted in a 6‐month long eruption at Holuhraun. This eruption was characterized by high lava discharge rate and significant gas emission. The SO2 flux for the first 3 months was measured with satellite sensors and the petrologic method. High‐resolution time series of the satellite data give 1200 kg/s that concurs with 1050 kg/s obtained from melt inclusion minus degassed lava sulfur contents scaled to the mass of magma produced. A high‐purity gas sample, with elevated S/Cl due to limited chlorine degassing, reveals a similar degassing pattern of trace metals as observed at Kīlauea (Hawai'i) and Erta Ale (Ethiopia). This suggests a common degassing mechanism at mantle plume‐related volcanoes. The trace metal fluxes, calculated from trace element to sulfur ratios in the gas sample and scaled to the sulfur dioxide flux, are 1–2 orders of magnitude stronger at Holuhraun than Kīlauea and Erta Ale. In contrast, volcanoes at convergent margins (Etna and Stromboli, Italy) have 1–2 orders of magnitude higher trace element fluxes, most likely caused by abundant chlorine degassing. This emphasizes the importance of metal degassing as chlorine species. Short‐lived disequilibria between radon daughters, 210Pb‐210Bi‐210Po measured in the gas, suggest degassing of a continuously replenished magma batch beneath the eruption site. Earlier and deep degassing phase of carbon dioxide and polonium is inferred from low (210Po/210Pb) in the gas, consistent with magma transfer rate of 0.75 m/s.
Study of Computerized Ionospheric Tomography Under Ionospheric Storm Conditions

The characteristics and development of the low-and-mid latitudinal ionospheric storm during the magnetic storm in November,2004 are studied using GPS observations from 6 stations along 115°E meridian.The results from tomographic reconstruction method show that the ionospheric storm during this magnetic storm mainly exhibits the positive storm phase,and the positive deviations of electron density are not only latitude dependent but also height dependent.The Equatorial Anomaly(EA) crest moves poleward as a result of enhanced energy deposition into the high latitude ionosphere.The electron density and TEC gradually recover to the quiet level in the first recovery phase.These results are in good agreement with previous studies,and the ionospheric effects can be attributed to the storm circulation theory superimposed with the movements of EIA crest.
Bio-Based PLA/PBS/PBAT Ternary Blends with Added Nanohydroxyapatite: A Thermal, Physical, and Mechanical Study

The physical and mechanical properties of novel bio-based polymer blends of polylactic acid (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with various added amounts of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) were investigated in this study. The formulations of PLA/PBS/PBAT/nHA blends were divided into two series, A and B, containing 70 or 80 wt% PLA, respectively. Samples of four specimens per series were prepared using a twin-screw extruder, and different amounts of nHA were added to meet the regeneration needs of bone graft materials. FTIR and XRD analyses were employed to identify the presence of each polymer and nHA in the various blends. The crystallization behavior of these blends was examined using DSC. Tensile and impact strength tests were performed on all samples to screen feasible formulations of polymer blends for bone graft material applications. Surface morphology analyses were conducted using SEM, and the dispersion of nHA particles in the blends was further tested using TEM. The added nHA also served as a nucleating agent aimed at improving the crystallinity and mechanical properties of the blends. Through the above analyses, the physical and mechanical properties of the polymer blends are reported and the most promising bone graft material formulations are suggested. All blends were tested for thermal degradation analysis using TGA and thermal stability was confirmed. The water absorption experiments carried out in this study showed that the addition of nHA could improve the hydrophilicity of the blends.
Critical Factors for Evaluating the Police Human Resources Performance: the Case of South Sumatra Regional Police Office

Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of compliance as a determinant variable of Police member performance in addition to specialist education and development, workload, and work experience. Theoretical reference: This research requires a basic performance theory that will serve as a grand theory that explains how member education and development, workload, and work experience play a role in controlling member compliance, so as to improve performance. The performance intended in this study is individual performance, namely the performance of members of the National Police in the form of work results based on standards set in the National Police Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2018 concerning Performance Appraisal for Members of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia with a Performance Management System. Method: This research method uses a quantitative approach through surveys. The population is police members in the South Sumatra Police work unit which amounted to 6,743 with a research sample of 378 consisting of 85 leadership elements, the remaining 293 were police members. Analytical techniques using the structural equation model (SEM) approach. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that there was an influence between Education and Specialist Development, workload, and experience on the compliance of South Sumatra Regional Police Members. Specialist Education and Development, workload, and compliance affect performance, while work experience has no effect. Education and development of specialists, workload, and work experience affected member compliance by 88.4%, the remaining 11.6% were influenced by other variables not studied in the study. Search Implications: An understanding of the relationship between workload and compliance can assist policing in planning and managing member workloads more effectively. These efforts can be made to ensure that the workload of police officers can be managed without compromising compliance. Originality/value: Research that specifically shows the relationship between compliance and performance in the context of South Sumatra Regional Police may provide new insights, especially if this relationship can be interpreted or applied differently from previous research.
Determinants of Fast-Food Customers Loyalty Through the Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction

Many people in Pakistan, a country that is rapidly developing but already has an excessive population, go to fast food restaurants on a consistent and irregular basis. Establishing a connection with the customer and providing outstanding service are both essential components of success in the restaurant industry. Within the context of the fast-food industry in Sahiwal, Pakistan, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that contribute to consumer loyalty. A descriptive quantitative survey research approach was used for the purposes of this study. Participants in this research were people who often eat in fast restaurants. For the purpose of this study, surveys were administered to customers as they were exiting global fast-food restaurants, local fast-food restaurants, and regional fast-food restaurants. The researcher gathered information from a total of 220 participants, all of whom were chosen based on the item-to-rating hypothesis. The questionnaire for the survey used in this research project has a total of seven parts and 19 questions. According to the results, a significant direct influence on customer satisfaction may be attributed to factors like food quality, service quality, pricing, location, and the physical environment. In addition, the research revealed that the level of customer satisfaction strongly mediates the connection between factors such as food quality, service quality, pricing, location, and the physical environment and food quality.
Scour Around Spherical Bodies and Self-Burial

This paper summarizes the results of an experimental study on scour around spherical bodies and self-burial in steady current and in waves. The equilibrium scour depth below a fixed sphere in steady current for live-bed conditions was found to be S∕D=O (0.3) , D being the sphere diameter. The effect of the Shields parameter, θ , and that of the position of the sphere with respect to the bed, e , were investigated. It was found that, under live-bed conditions, the effect of θ is quite weak. It was also found that the effect of e is significant. No scour occurs when e∕D>0.8 . It was demonstrated that, in the case of waves, the Keulegan-Carpenter number, KC , is the main parameter that governs the equilibrium scour depth. S∕D is always smaller in waves than in steady currents. Regarding the self-burial, the equilibrium self-burial depth in steady current was found to be e∕D=O (0.5) . The self-burial depth in waves is governed by KC , similar to the scour depth for a fixed sphere. e∕D is always smaller in wav.
Modelling and mapping permafrost at high spatial resolution using Landsat and Radarsat images in northern Ontario, Canada: part 1 – model calibration

Permafrost is an important ground thermal condition that has significant biophysical and socio-economic impacts. In order to better understand the distribution and dynamics of permafrost, there is a need to map permafrost at high spatial resolution. This study is part of a research project that aims to model and map permafrost using remote sensing images and the Northern Ecosystem Soil Temperature (NEST) model in the central part of the Hudson Bay Lowland in northern Ontario, Canada. The study area is near the southern margin of permafrost region where permafrost exists only in isolated patches. In this study, we ran the NEST model from 1932 to 2012 using a climate data set compiled from station observations and grid data sources. The model outputs were then compared to field observations acquired during 2009–2012 at seven peat monitoring stations and two flux towers, which represent three major types of peatland in the study area (bog, fen, and palsa). The simulated soil temperatures at various depths show good agreement with the observations, and the simulated latent and sensible heat fluxes and net radiation are similar to the observations at the two flux towers. The model accurately shows the existence of permafrost only at palsa sites. Based on the general range of climate and ground conditions in this area, sensitivity tests indicate that the modelled permafrost conditions are sensitive to leaf area index, air temperature, precipitation, and soil texture. Therefore, the NEST model is capable of simulating ground temperature and permafrost conditions in where permafrost occurs only sporadically. A companion paper (part 2) uses the model with Landsat and Radarsat imagery to map the distribution and dynamics of permafrost in this area.
Comparison Of Patient Satisfaction Levels Between The Use Of National Health Insurance (Nhi) And Private Health Insurance (Phi) In Hospital Financing: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

Everyone needs access to quality healthcare to feel cared for and valued. However, in reality, the perceived disparities in coverage between National Health Insurance (NHI) and Private Health Insurance (PHI) frequently cause health services in hospitals to become a public problem. This study compares how public and private health insurance is used to pay for hospitals concerning patient satisfaction. The literature research was performed by systematically searching PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Google Scholar. The Review Manager v.5. 4 and R statistical software v.3. 3 are used in this study. Nine studies with 3589 patients were involved in the investigation. There was no significant difference in the proportion of satisfied patients between NHI and PHI (Prevalence odds ratio [POR] 1.18; 95% CI 0.25 – 5.47; p=0.83). There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction scores between NHI and PHI (Mean difference [MD] -0.49; 95% CI -6.79 – 5.81; p=0.88). An analysis of the tendency for publication bias was quantitatively insignificant (intercept 5,0507; 95% CI -12,37 – 22,47; P = 0,466). Patient satisfaction levels between NHI and PHI in hospital financing were not significantly different.
Safe behavior based on safety leadership factors and leadership style

Background: Statistical data on work accidents in West Java based on data from the Employment Social Security Administrative Agency in 2020, there were 35,291 work accident cases. However, companies in Indonesia, specifically in Bandung, West Java, namely PT. X Indonesia, based on data from 2018 to 2021, there will be no work accidents resulting in loss of working days or working hours. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between safety leadership and leadership style with safe behavior. Material and methods: This type of research is analytically observational, with a quantitative approach, and a cross-sectional design. The population of this research is production workers. The sampling technique used a total sampling technique with a sample of 44 people. The data analysis used is chi-square. Result: The results showed that the variables related to safe behavior were educational level (p-value = 0.008), safety concern (p-value = 0.000), and directive leadership style (p-value = 0.041). Variables that are not related are age, gender, years of service, safety motivation, and leadership style (participatory, achievement-oriented, and supportive). Conclusion: There is a relationship between education level, safety concern, and directive leadership style with workers' safe behavior.
Hierarchical segmentation of the Malawi Rift: The influence of inherited lithospheric heterogeneity and kinematics in the evolution of continental rifts

We used detailed analysis of Shuttle Radar Topography Mission‐digital elevation model and observations from aeromagnetic data to examine the influence of inherited lithospheric heterogeneity and kinematics in the segmentation of largely amagmatic continental rifts. We focused on the Cenozoic Malawi Rift, which represents the southern extension of the Western Branch of the East African Rift System. This north trending rift traverses Precambrian and Paleozoic‐Mesozoic structures of different orientations. We found that the rift can be hierarchically divided into first‐order and second‐order segments. In the first‐order segmentation, we divided the rift into Northern, Central, and Southern sections. In its Northern Section, the rift follows Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic terrains with structural grain that favored the localization of extension within well‐developed border faults. The Central Section occurs within Mesoproterozoic‐Neoproterozoic terrain with regional structures oblique to the rift extent. We propose that the lack of inherited lithospheric heterogeneity favoring extension localization resulted in the development of the rift in this section as a shallow graben with undeveloped border faults. In the Southern Section, Mesoproterozoic‐Neoproterozoic rocks were reactivated and developed the border faults. In the second‐order segmentation, only observed in the Northern Section, we divided the section into five segments that approximate four half‐grabens/asymmetrical grabens with alternating polarities. The change of polarity coincides with flip‐over full‐grabens occurring within overlap zones associated with ~150 km long alternating border faults segments. The inherited lithospheric heterogeneity played the major role in facilitating the segmentation of the Malawi Rift during its opening resulting from extension.
Shallow-water mega-epibenthic communities in the high Antarctic (Weddell Sea) and the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula (Bellingshausen Sea)

Continental shelves around Antarctica are unusual in being deep, and consequently shallow habitats at depths <150 m are scarce. In the Weddell Sea, only two shallow sites with water depths between 55 and 160 m are known (Atka Bay and a shallow bank off Four Seasons Inlet NE of Kapp Norvegia). In contrast, the Antarctic Peninsula has a true coast and thus, true littoral areas are common. This study (1) characterises and describes the distribution and spatial patterns of shallow-water mega-epibenthic fauna in the Antarctic Peninsula (Bellingshausen Sea) and at two sites in the high Antarctic (Weddell Sea), (2) analyses community structures and (3) compares benthic biodiversity in these areas at different spatial scales and with additional data from deep Antarctic shelf sites and corresponding shallow and deep areas in the Arctic. Multivariate analyses revealed significant faunal differences between Marguerite Bay (Bellingshausen Sea) and the Weddell Sea stations, Atka Bay and Four Seasons Bank. Echinoderms, especially ophiuroids, dominated Marguerite Bay, bryozoans and ascidians were abundant at Atka Bay, and hydroids and gorgonians were well represented at Four Seasons Bank. These differences can mainly be explained by the influence of local environmental conditions that are probably the primary factor shaping the Antarctic shallow-water epifauna, and not an intensive exchange with larger depths or limited dispersion due to scarce and isolated shallow areas. Spatial patterns of Antarctic benthic shelf communities were analysed and different patterns are identifiable: a locally limited typical fauna, a patchwork of assemblages as well as continuous faunistic gradients. Combinations of these three scenarios can be considered as the rule in Antarctic mega-epibenthic communities. A faunistic and environmental parallelism with the Arctic in terms of biodiversity was also studied.
The Implications on Innovative Gamification Approach: Station Rotation Gamification (SRG) to Increase Student’s Motivation

Engaging student in learning is a very challenging process. This problem will lead to reducing in students’ interest and motivation in learning. According to Yang and Newman (2019), station rotational gamification aims to boost students' motivation, engagement, and academic success. Station Rotational is a component of blended learning, which combines in-person and online instruction. As a proposed solution to this issue, gamification will be incorporated into rotational blended learning using different stations in this study. This will allow students to learn transferrable abilities and then use them at stations that are optimised for the particular talent.Although gamification has been the subject of prior studies, relatively few have offered it in blended learning and e-learning in higher education in an organised fashion. As a result, the implementation of Station Rotation Gamification in collaborative environments will provide an alternative solution to the engagement issue both inside and outside of the classroom. The suggested approach that was applied in this study is a quasi-experimental to gauge how motivated students are when employing Station Rotation Gamification in a group setting. Following a structured interview with the researcher, 33 motivating questionnaires will be given to the students to complete. The use of Talentlms.com was made to evaluate the validity of gamification in education.The next step is to calculate the means for each construct for the three phases of pre-intervention, interim intervention, and post-intervention. Throughout contrast, Perceived Competence and Perceived Choice show an increase from pre-intervention to interim intervention but both constructs decline during post-intervention. These 2 constructs, effort and value, are gradually increasing throughout these 3 stages. The suggested approach works better at boosting pupils' motivation. This study's key contribution is to normalise the contrast variation and remove lighting variation. Conclusion: Using the suggested strategy effectively and efficiently resulted in an increase in the motivation of the students.
Biomarkers of chronic airflow limitation and COPD identified by mass spectrometry

Rationale COPD affects 300 million people worldwide and is the third leading cause of death according to World Health Organization global health estimates. Early symptoms are subtle, and so COPD is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Thus, there is an unmet need for biomarkers that can identify individuals at early stages of the disease before clinical symptoms have manifested. To date, few biomarkers are available for clinical diagnostic use in COPD. Methods We evaluated a panel of serum biomarkers related to inflammation and infection for their ability to discriminate between 77 subjects with chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and 142 subjects with COPD, versus 150 healthy subjects (divided into two control groups that were matched with regards to age, gender and smoking to CAL and COPD). Healthy subjects and CAL were from Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD), a population-based study. CAL was defined by post-bronchodilatory forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio <0.7 in the BOLD population. COPD subjects were from Tools for Identifying Exacerbations (TIE), a COPD patient cohort. Quantification of 100 biomarker candidates was done by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Several protein-derived peptides were upregulated in CAL, compared to controls; most notably peptides representing histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP1), α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) and fibronectin. Out of these, HRG-, AGP1- and α1AT-specific peptides were also elevated in the COPD cohort. Conclusion HRG, AGP1 and α1AT biomarkers distinguish subjects with CAL and COPD from healthy controls. HRG and AGP1 represent novel findings.