Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimality and Stability in Non-Convex Smooth Games

Motivated by the recent wide applications of non-convex smooth games, we provide a unified approach to "local optimal" points in such games, which includes local Nash equilibria, local minimax points (Jin et al. 2019) and the more general local robust points. To understand these definitions further, we study their corresponding first- and second-order necessary and sufficient conditions and find that they all satisfy stationarity. This motivates us to analyze the local stability of several popular gradient algorithms near corresponding local solutions. Our results indicate the necessity of new algorithms and analysis. As a concrete example, we give the exact existence conditions of local (global) minimax points and local robust points for quadratic games, and demonstrate their many special properties.
Atlantic Blue Marlin, Makaira nigricans, and White Marlin, Tetrapterus albidus, Bycatch of the Japanese Pelagic Longline Fishery, 1960–2000

ABSTRACT—Since the late 1950’s, a multi-national longline fishery has operated throughout the Atlantic Ocean to supply the growing global demand for tunas (Scombridae) and swordfish, Xiphias gladius. Two species caught as bycatch include Atlantic blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, and white marlin, Tetrapterus albidus, referred to in this paper as “Atlantic marlin. ” Pelagic longlining has consistently been the principal source of adult mortality for both species, which are currently depleted and have been so for more than two decades. In this paper, we examined aspects of the Atlantic marlin bycatch of the Japanese pelagic longline fishery from 1960 to 2000. Temporal and spatial patterns in effort, target catch (species combined), marlin bycatch, marlin catch-per-unit-effort (nominal CPUE), and ratios of marlin bycatch to target catch (B: T ratios) were analyzed. An objective was to reveal changes, if any, in marlin bycatch associated with the fishery’s target species “switch” (ca. 1980–87) from mostly surface-associated tunas to mostly the deeper-dwelling bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus. The highest values of all variables examined occurred during the 1960’s and then fell by the second half of that decade. Since 1970, mean levels of fishing effort, target fish catches, and blue marlin landings have increased significantly, while blue marlin CPUE and B:T ratios have remained relatively stable. Concurrently, white marlin landings, CPUE, and B:T ratios have all declined. While results suggest the fishery’s target species change may have been a factor in lowering white marlin bycatch, the same cannot be said for blue marlin. Relative increases in blue marlin B:T ratios off the northeastern coast of South America and in the wider eastern Atlantic are cause for concern, as are continuing trends of CPUE decline for white marlin in this data set as well as others.
Caracterização agronômica da produção de rizomas de clones de taro

Clones of taro, from the Germoplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Brazil, were agronomically characterized. The experiment was carried out from 19/09/2000 to 13/07/2001, in a randomized complete block design, with 36 treatments (clones) and five replicates. The experimental unit was comprised of four rows spaced 1.0 m apart, with four meters in length. The distance between plants in the row was 0.5 m. We evaluated the average commercial rhizome weight; number of commercial rhizomes/plant; total and commercial rhizome yield; format ratio (longitudinal/transversal diameter) of the commercial production, and rhizomes classification according to the transversal diameter (large offspring >47 mm; medium offspring = 40-47 mm; small offspring = 33-40 mm; and discard < 33 mm). Clones BGH 5916, BGH 6137, and BGH 6298 presented good rhizome shape (ratio between 1.1 and 1.7) and higher values of mean corm fresh commercial weight, commercial and total yields. These clones did not differ from BGH 5925 (Japanese), presenting significantly higher values than BGH 5928 (Chinese), the two most common taros grown in Brazil. Clones BGH 6307 and BGH 6308, presented slightly inferior commercial corm fresh weight than BGH 5916, BGH 6298, and BGH 6137. However, due to the higher commercial rhizomes number/plant, the commercial and total yields were similar. Correlation was positive and significant between average commercial corm fresh weight per plant (0.6370 and 0.7450), number of commercial corm per plant (0.7133 and 0.5338), and yield of large corm offspring (0.9107 and 0.9451), when compared to commercial and total yields, respectively; between yield of commercial (0.9455) and of mother corm (0.8753) when compared to total yield; between commercial mean corm fresh weight (0.8519) when compared to yield of large offspring. Primary components presenting high positive correlation in comparison to commercial yield were: commercial mean corm fresh weight, number of commercial corm per plant and yield of large offspring.
THE EFFECT OF MUSIC TRAINING AND LISTENING TO MOZART MUSIC ON COGNITIVE & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

The aim of this research was to comparison of the effect of music training and listening to Mozart music on cognitive & social development of preschool`s children of Kerman City in 2013. This study was assigned in two groups of music training (experimental group) and listening to Mozart music (control group). For experimental, the music training and rehearsal in the Orff Approach were performed in 20 sessions of 75 minutes, and control group, exposed of fragments of Mozart’s D major key at the 20 sessions of 75 minutes. Wechsler test and Vineland test were conducted on both groups before and after the interventions. Data analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of covariance. Results showed that the children attended at music training sessions have significantly gained higher scores than those listening to Mozart in terms of verbal and non-verbal abilities, IQ and social.
Evaluation of genetic variation in mutants of Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) Hepper) as revealed by RAPD markers

One of the most possibilities is the genetic marker system to find out the genetic variation. The advent of large-scale DNA sequencing technology has generated a tremendous amount of sequence information for many important organisms. The genetic variation was evaluated in four mutants (high seed protein, tall, bushy and dwarf mutants) along with parent cultivar (control) by 20 random primers which generated 202 fragments scored with 58 polymorphic DNA bands. The average DNA bands were 10.1 per locus ranged from 1 to 9. The average polymorphic rates were 38.37 % among mutants and parent cultivar (control) through the 20 primers. Primer OPK–06 and OPK-11 revealed 62.5 % DNA polymorphism. Five genotypes were used to constructed dendrogram based on the similarity matrix, suggested that genetic distance from 0.621 to 0.785. The DNA variation might have been caused by mutation due to gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate. Hence, research is needed to analyse function of mutated genes for their mutants characters for future prospects because, such mutants and their genes when using in cross breeding/transgenic technologies will found more production in the development of improved crop varieties like high seed protein, lodging resistances, semi dwarf with high yield.
The Role of Emotions and Beliefs in Developing Language Teacher ’ s Professional Identity

APA Citation Mahmoud, D. (2020). The role of emotions and beliefs in developing language teacher's professional identity [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt. edu/etds/822 MLA Citation Mahmoud, Dalia Adel. The role of emotions and beliefs in developing language teacher's professional identity. 2020. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt. edu/etds/822
Nutritive Value of Terricolous Lichens for Reindeer in Winter

Abstract In contrast to virtually all other species of ruminants, reindeer (Rangifer arandus) eat substantial amounts of lichens in winter. Several different species of lichens are eaten and most are highly palatable. The chemical composition and the in vitro digestibility of six species of terricolous lichens commonly eaten by reindeer were measured. Ruminal inoculum was obtained in winter from six free-ranging reindeer that had been grazing on natural pastures in northern Norway. Analysis of the plant parts recovered from their rumens confirmed that the animals had been eating a mixed diet that included both lichens and vascular plants. The chemical composition and the in vitro digestibility of the different species of lichens varied considerably between species and genera. Cetraria islandica, C. nivalis and Cladonia arbuscula were highly digestible [69-77% dry matter (DM)], Stereocaulon paschale was poorly digestible (43% DM), whereas Cladonia stellaris and C. gradlis had an intermediate digestibility (56-57% DM). Mixing ladonia stellaris with vascular plants (50:50) had no effect on the in vitro digestibility of the combined substrates. The in vitro digestibility of Cladonia stellaris in inoculum from two captive reindeer which had had no access to lichens was very low (10% DM). This shows that the source of inoculum used for digestibility trials has a major effect on the apparent digestibility of the substrates. Evidently, the extent to which reindeer are able to utilize lichens depends on the species that are selected and on what the animals have been eating recently.
Purifying Selection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 pol Gene in Perinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Children Harboring Discordant Immunological Response and Virological Nonresponse to Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy

Background Biological monitoring of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pediatric population remains challenging. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term HIV-1 genetic diversity in pol gene in HIV-1-infected children in virological failure under antiretroviral regimen adapted according to the successive World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for resource-constrained settings. Methods HIV-1 diversity in pol gene was assessed in HIV-1-infected children and adolescents born from HIV-infected mothers (median age at follow-up: 13.8 years) in virological failure (VF+) despite long-term regimen recommended by the WHO. The numbers of nonsynonymous substitutions per potential nonsynonymous site (dN) and of synonymous substitutions at potential synonymous sites (dS) in HIV-1 pol gene and the dN/dS ratios were used to estimate the selective pressure on circulating HIV-1. Results The immunological responses to ART basically corresponded to: 1) Full therapeutic failure with immunological (I-) and virological nonresponses in one-quarter (24.6%) of study children ((I-, VF+) subgroup); 2) Discordant immunovirological responses with paradoxical high CD4 T cell counts (I+) and high HIV-1 RNA load in the remaining cohort patients (75.4%) ((I+, VF+) subgroup). The mean dS was 1.8-fold higher in (I+, VF+) than (I-, VF+) subgroup (25.9 ± 18.4 vs. 14.3 ± 10.8). In the (I+, VF+) subgroup, the mean dS was 1.6-fold higher than the mean dN. Finally, the mean dN/dS ratio was 2.1-fold lower in (I+, VF+) than (I-, VF+) subgroup (0.6 ± 0.3 vs. 1.3 ± 0.7), indicating purifying selection in the immunovirological discordant (I+, VF+) subgroup and positive selection in the immunovirological failure (I-, VF+) subgroup. Conclusions Children and adolescents in immunovirological therapeutic failure harbor positive selection of HIV-1 strains favoring diversifying in pol-encoded amino acids. In contrast, children with persistent discordant immunovirological responses show accumulation of mutations and purifying selection in pol gene sequences, indicating limited genetic evolution and likely suggesting genetic adaptation of viruses to host functional constraints.
Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: From Biology to Current Clinical Applications

Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of breast cancer have historically been determined by the presence or absence of hormone receptors and HER2 amplification and/or protein expression. For patients with breast cancer that lack these biomarkers, the so-called ‘triple-negative’ subtype, chemotherapy has been the cornerstone of cure and palliation. However, with the recent successful development of immune checkpoint molecules that target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1), improved survival has been reported across a range of tumour types including melanoma, lung, and bladder cancer. In metastatic breast cancer, trials of single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have resulted in limited overall response rates; however, strategies that combine local or systemic therapies with ICI have improved response rates and, in some cases, improved survival. For example, the addition of an anti-PD-L1 inhibitor, atezolizumab, to nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy for newly diagnosed metastatic triple-negative breast cancer demonstrated an improvement in overall survival in an informal analysis of the PD-L1-positive subset in a recently reported Phase III clinical trial. These results ultimately led to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for an ICI for the treatment of breast cancer, with numerous other health authorities following suit. Herein, the authors describe the biology behind ICI, the rationale for ICI administration in breast cancer, the related clinical trial data reported to date, and promising future strategies.
Molecular evidence for three separate cryptic introductions of the red seaweed Asparagopsis (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta) in South Africa

The red seaweed genus Asparagopsis Montagne (Bonnemaisoniales) contains two widely introduced species that are considered notorious seaweed invaders worldwide, Asparagopsis armata and A. taxiformis, both characterised by heteromorphic, diplo-haplontic life histories. To uncover cryptic introductions of Asparagopsis along the South African coastline and identify ‘Falkenbergia’ isolates (i.e. tetrasporophytic life-history phase morphologically identical between species), the mitochon-drial cox2–3 spacer was sequenced from gametophytes of Asparagopsis taxiformis from Scottburgh, KwaZulu-Natal, on the East Coast, Knysna Lagoon on the South Coast and from tetrasporophytes, otherwise unidentifiable to species level, collected from False Bay near Cape Town on the South-West Coast and Tsitsikamma on the South Coast. Only tetrasporophytes of the temperate Asparagopsis armata were encountered from the Cape Peninsula (Cape Town) probably as far east as to Port St Johns, Eastern Cape province. This is considered an introduced species, and was first collected at Kommetjie (Cape Peninsula) in 1935. Gametophytes of the warm-temperate to tropical A. taxiformis were first collected at Reunion Rocks near Durban in 1984; the KwaZulu-Natal material studied here belongs to an Atlantic Mediterranean cryptic lineage. This taxon is an ecological dominant in some intertidal and shallow subtidal areas in northern KwaZulu-Natal, and is thus considered ‘introduced’ and ‘invasive’. In contrast, A. taxiformis gametophytes, collected in Knysna Lagoon in 2008, clustered with individuals of Indo-Pacific lineage 2. The latter is considered a major invasive lineage in the western Mediterranean, but at present is categorised as introduced in South Africa. This study provides molecular evidence of three independent, cryptic introductions in South Africa, one of them probably very recent, and this is discussed with respect to potential vectors responsible for transport.
Cross-Sectional Study of Clients’ Satisfaction With Outpatient and Inpatient Services of Public Health Facilities of a North Indian State

Satisfaction with health care services is a desired outcome of health care delivery. Nonetheless, there is scant information on client satisfaction with services provided in public health facilities in India. A cross-sectional study of persons attending public health facilities in Punjab, North India, was carried out in 2016. All district hospitals, subdistrict hospitals, 2 community health centres (CHCs), and 6 primary health centres (PHCs) were randomly selected from each of the 22 districts. A 60-item pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Participants (3278 outpatient department [OPD] and 1614 inpatient department [IPD]) visiting health care facilities were interviewed. Majority of OPD participants were satisfied with registration process, care providers, and personal issues like safety and security at the health facilities. Major domains of dissatisfaction were long waiting time and concern shown for patients during lab tests and x-rays. Most IPD participants were satisfied with care received from nurses and doctors, availability of medicines, and hospital environment. Domains of dissatisfaction were cleanliness of rooms and bathrooms and quietness at night. Varying levels of satisfaction were observed for experiences during stay, information about new medicine being given, pain control, and locomotion to bathroom or using bedpan. Around 71% were likely to recommend the health facility to others. Satisfaction with public health facilities is context dependent. Lack of drugs and supplies, poor information about medicines, long waiting time, poor cleanliness, lack of privacy, and peace were the major reasons for dissatisfaction in our study.
MOTHER-YOUNG INTERACTIONS IN A MATERNITY COLONY OF MYOTIS FORMOSUS

Abstract The maternity colony of Myotis formosus in Yun-lin County, southwestern Taiwan, began to form in late March, and the numbers peaked (about 200) in May. Most bats left the roost site between mid-August and early October for unknown hibernation sites. Females gave birth during May and June. Before parturition, females (n = 19) spent 563.9 min ± 47.28 SD outside the roost per night. Time away from the roost decreased significantly after they gave birth. Lactating females increased the total time that they spent outside the roost per night by 37.8% from early to late lactation. Females spent more time grooming young than self-grooming during the first 2 weeks of lactation. From the 3rd week on, more time was spent on self-grooming. Forearm length and body mass of newborns were 21.46 ± 1.90 mm (n = 13) and 3.71 ± 0.41 g (n = 12), about 42.8% and 24.1% of adult size, respectively. Young rarely moved during the 1st week after birth. They started to crawl at the 2nd week and to attempt short straight-line flight at the 3rd week. Females always rested next to their young while roosting in the first 2 weeks of lactation but separated from them from the 3rd week on. Behavioral changes in females coincided with the growth and development of their young.
Imaging evaluation of nonobstetric conditions during pregnancy: what every radiologist should know

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of imaging examinations performed on pregnant patients. That increase has occurred across the various modalities, including ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, little is known about the risks that these examinations generate for the mother and fetus, related to the use of ionizing radiation or the use of contrast media. When pregnant patients are submitted to imaging studies, the principles of protection established by the International Commission on Radiological Protection should always be respected, to avoid injury to the pregnant woman and the fetus. The potential deleterious effects on the fetus must be weighed against the damage caused by not performing an examination that is clearly indicated, given that a delayed or missed diagnosis can be even more harmful to the health of the mother and of the fetus itself. The purpose of this review article is to address concerns regarding the safety of imaging methods used during pregnancy, as well as to identify typical clinical situations that require decisions to be made about the indication and optimal planning of imaging examinations.
Loxostigma puhoatense (Gesneriaceae), a new species from North Central Vietnam

Abstract Loxostigma puhoatense N.D. Do et al., sp. nov., a new species of Gesneriaceae, is described and illustrated from Pu Hoat Nature Reserve, Nghe An Province, Vietnam. This species is morphologically similar to L. dongxingensis and L. damingshanensis in the plant habit, indumentum system of vegetative and reproductive characters, shape of leaf blades, calyx, pistil but differs from the latter two by the abaxially reddish-purple leaf blade with pubescent along veins, lateral veins 11–19, shorter white to pale yellowish-white corolla (3.7–3.8 cm long) with purple-spotted and glabrous inside, longer abaxial stamens in 2–2.1 cm, shorter and densely glandular-puberulent ovary in 1–1.2 cm, and sparsely glandular-puberulent style. Data on distribution, ecology, phenology, and vernacular of the new species are provided.
Postnatal Outcomes and Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality among Asphyxiated Newborns in a Low-Resource Hospital Setting: Experience from North-Central Nigeria

Background: Birth asphyxia accounts for a third of global newborn deaths and 95 percent of these occur in low-resource settings. A key to reducing asphyxia-related deaths in these settings is improving care of these newborns and this requires an understanding of factors associated with adverse outcomes. Objectives: In this study, we report outcomes and risk factors for mortality among newborn infants with birth asphyxia admitted to a typical low-resource hospital setting. Methods: We prospectively followed up 191 asphyxiated newborn infants admitted to a referral tertiary hospital in North-central Nigeria. At baseline, care-givers completed a structured questionnaire. Using univariable analysis, we compared baseline characteristics between participants who died and those who survived till discharge. We also fitted a multivariable logistic regression model to identify risk factors for mortality among the cohort. Results: Majority (60.7%) of the study participants presented to the hospital within the first six hours of life. Despite this, mortality among the cohort was 14.7% with a third dying within the first 24 hours of admission. The presence of respiratory distress at admission increased the risk for mortality (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI 1.22 to 11.35) while higher participant weight at admission decreased the risk (AOR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.40). Intrapartum factors such as duration of labour and maternal age, although significant on univariable analysis, were not significant on multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Hospital mortality among newborns with birth asphyxia is high in North-central Nigeria and majority of deaths occur during acute care. Respiratory distress at presentation and admission weights were identified as key risk factors for asphyxia mortality. Intrapartum factors on the other hand might have indirect effects on mortality through an increased risk for neonatal complications.