Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The essential role of glutamine metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: A review

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a pathophysiological condition caused by diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of diabetes mellitus-related mortality. The pathophysiology of DCM involves various processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and abnormal protein modification. New evidence indicates that dysfunction of glutamine (Gln) metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of DCM by regulating these pathophysiological mechanisms. Gln is a conditionally essential amino acid in the human body, playing a vital role in maintaining cell function. Although the precise molecular mechanisms of Gln in DCM have yet to be fully elucidated, recent studies have shown that supplementing with Gln improves cardiac function in diabetic hearts. However, excessive Gln may worsen myocardial injury in DCM by generating a large amount of glutamates or increasing O-GlcNacylation. To highlight the potential therapeutic method targeting Gln metabolism and its downstream pathophysiological mechanisms, this article aims to review the regulatory function of Gln in the pathophysiological mechanisms of DCM.
Processes and Timescales of Magma Genesis and Differentiation Leading to the Great Tambora Eruption in 1815

The cataclysmic eruption of Tambora volcano (Sumbawa, Indonesia) in 1815 has long been recognized as one of the largest explosive eruptions in historical time. It yielded extensive pyroclastic deposits from the emptying of a 30–33 km 3 trachyandesite (latite)–tephriphonolite (herein referred to as trachyandesite) magma body. The parental trachybasalt magma of the trachyandesite erupted in 1815 can be produced by ~2% partial melting of a garnet-free, Indian-type mid-ocean ridge basalt (I-MORB)-like mantle source contaminated with ~3% fluids from altered oceanic crust and 226 Ra 230 Th equilibrium (>8000 years old) provide physical evidence for incorporation of ‘antecrystic’ material into the 1815 magma. Magma accumulation and differentiation at shallow depth prior to the eruption were accompanied by continuous degassing of sulphur (and other volatile species), which is thought not to have accumulated within or towards the top of the magma reservoir to contribute to the volatile budget of the eruption, but to have escaped to the surface passively through the permeable wall rocks.
Agreement between Patient-reported Pain Medication Use and Electronic Medical Record Data in Surgical Amputation Patients

Background: Opioid misuse after surgery remains a public health crisis in the United States. Recent efforts have focused on tracking pain medication use in surgical populations. However, accurate interpretations of medication use remain quite challenging given inconsistent usage of different datasets. The purpose of this study was to investigate the agreement between electronic medical records (EMR) versus patient self-reported use of pain medications in a surgical amputation population. Methods: Patients undergoing major lower extremity amputation or amputation-related procedures were included in this study. Both self-reported and EMR data for pain medication intake were obtained for each patient at three time points (preoperatively, 4 months postoperatively, and 12 months postoperatively). Percentage agreement and the kappa statistic were calculated for both usage (yes/no) and dose categories. Results: Forty-five patients were included in this study, resulting in 108 pairs of self-reported and EMR datasets. Substantial levels of agreement (>70% agreement, kappa >0.61) for opioid use was seen at preoperative and 12 months postoperative. However, agreement dropped at 4 months postoperatively. Anticonvulsant medication showed high levels, whereas acetaminophen showed lower levels of agreements at all time points. Conclusions: Either self-reported or EMR data may be used in research and clinical settings for preoperative or 12-month postoperative patients with little concern for discrepancies. However, at time points immediately following the expected end of acute surgical pain, self-reported data may be needed for more accurate medication reporting. With these findings in mind, usage of datasets should be driven by study objectives and the dataset’s strength (eg, accuracy, ease, lack of bias).
Upward and downward wave-activity propagation across the tropopause associated with submonthly fluctuations

A new aspect of dynamical linkage between the stratosphere and troposphere in the wintertime extra-tropics is proposed. Upward and downward propagation of Rossby wave activity across the tropopause associated with a zonally-confined Rossby wave train that consists of submonthly fluctuations is found to play an important role in that linkage, by using a phase-independent wave-activity flux and refractive index, both of which are suited for diagnosing stationary Rossby wave propagation on a zonally-asymmetric time-mean flow. As a typical example of this linkage, a particular event of large-scale, quasi-stationary cyclogenesis observed in the troposphere of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in August 1997 is discussed, to which downward wave-activity injection from anticyclonic anomalies upstream that had developed in the exit region of the lower-stratospheric polar-night jet (PNJ) contributed substantially. Consistent with that downward injection, phase lines of observed streamfunction anomalies exhibited a distinct eastward tilt with height. The development of the anticyclonic anomalies occurred at the leading edge of a quasi-stationary Rossby wave train propagating along the PNJ that had originated from a tropospheric blocking ridge farther upstream. Though less often than upward wave-activity injection across the tropopause, similar events of downward wave-activity injection occurred several times during late winter of 1997, primarily in the regions south of Australia and over the central South Pacific, over each of which the PNJ exit overlapped with a tropospheric subpolar jet (SPJ) to form a vertical waveguide locally. It is argued that the downward wave-activity propagation is essentially due to refraction in the vertically sheared westerlies, and the zonal asymmetries
OSTRACODOS DE AMBIENTE SALOBRE DE LA FORMACION ALLEN (CRETACICO SUPERIOR) EN LA PROVINCIA DE RIO NEGRO (REPUBLICA ARGENTINA)

The present papel' deals with the study of a brackish-dater ostracod fauna from the Allen Formation in the Lago Pellegrini area (Rio Negro province). The microfauna is assigned to the Upper Cretaceou s (Lower Maastrichtian ): Eight species are recognized; a new genus, Allenocytheridea, and t hree new species are described.
An initial attempt at a spatially structured stock assessment for the South African hake resource, including explicit movement

1 NOTE: This paper was presented at the 2013 International Workshop. It may be discussed again at the 2014 event, but has been included amongst the documents for the event primarily because of requests for diagrammatic representations of the movement matrices estimated. A new Appendix C includes plots of these movement matrices expressed as proportions, together with tables of estimated numbers of hake moving in 2013.
Impact of the introduction of high-speed rail on the income gap between urban and rural residents

The unprecedented expansion and development of high-speed rail (HSR) in China provides a unique opportunity and a new way of thinking for addressing the problem of urban-rural wealth disparities. In this paper, I examine the impact of the introduction of HSRs on the income disparity between urban and rural residents in China. Using panel data from 285 prefecture-level cities from 2004 to 2018, in this paper I employ the double-difference method to assess the impact of HSR on the income gap between urban and rural populations and the mechanism of its action; furthermore, I explore the influence of HSR on urban residents’ per capita disposable income and rural residents’ per capita net income, as well as the impact of HSR on the flow of elements such as labor and capital. My research findings reveal that the introduction of HSR has greatly widened the income gap between urban and rural residents; however, there is heterogeneity between different East, Central, and West regions, as well as between different levels of cities. A further mechanism study finds that HSR lowers farmers’ per capita net income, raises urban residents’ per capita disposable income, and widens the urban/rural income gap via mechanisms such as facilitating the interregional mobility of labor and capital factors. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the economic effects brought about by HSR, strengthen the construction of urban-rural transport networks, and improve support for rural areas, so as to promote the coordinated development of inter-regional and urban-rural areas.
Science and Technology Policy in Colombia: A Comparative Review

The purpose of the present paper is to assess the current situation of the science and technology system in Colombia from a comparative perspective of quality indicators in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We analyze the development of the science and technology policy in Colombia form a historical perspective. Our comparative analysis shows that Colombia quality indicators lag from those in the region. Even though policy changes have been a constant in the system of science and technology in Colombia, these changes have been not successful in significantly improving the quality and the impact of research communication and commercialization. Our conclusion is that a system of “management by objectives” applied to management research will substantially improve quality of the research undertaken under the current system of science and technology in Colombia.
Adipose inflammation: South Asian ethnicity and central obesity are independently associated with higher immune cell recruitment to adipose‐specific media: A pilot study in men

A South Asian (SA) cardiovascular phenomenon exists whereby SAs have excess burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite having low prevalence of recognized CVD risk factors. The aim of the current study was to determine whether perturbations in monocyte biology contribute to this phenomenon via higher circulating cell numbers, a more pro‐inflammatory phenotype, and higher transmigration and adhesion. Adhesion is linked to vascular inflammation whereas transmigration is linked to tissue inflammation. SA men with (N = 10; SAs with central obesity [CO‐SA]) and without (N = 10; lean SA [LE‐SA]) central obesity, plus White European counterparts (N = 10; white Europeans with central obesity [CO‐WE], N = 10; lean white Europeans [LE‐WE]) participated. An ex vivo assay mimicking blood flow dynamics coupled to flow cytometry determined the adhesion and transmigration of monocyte subsets toward chemokine‐rich media cultured from pre‐adipocytes (absolute responses). Migration and adhesion were also standardized for differences in numbers of circulating monocytes between participants (relative responses). Metabolic and inflammatory markers were assessed. SAs had higher absolute (but not relative) adhesion and migration of monocytes than WEs. Central obesity was associated with higher absolute and relative adhesion and migration of monocytes. SAs had higher concentrations of all monocyte subsets compared with WEs coinciding with adverse cardiovascular‐inflammatory profiles. LE‐SAs had similar monocyte concentrations, transmigration, and adhesion compared with CO‐WEs, corresponding with similar cardiovascular‐inflammatory profiles. The study provides novel evidence for higher monocyte counts associated with higher transmigration and adhesion in SA compared with WE men. Importantly, similar monocyte biology and cardiovascular‐inflammatory profiles were seen in LE‐SAs compared with CO‐WEs, which may contribute to the higher risk of CVD at lower body mass index experienced by SAs.
Measuring Ocean Bottom Pressure at the North Pole

High-precision deep Arctic Bottom Pressure Recorders (ABPRs) were developed to measure ocean bottom pressure variations in the perennial ice-covered Arctic Ocean. The ABPRs use the tsunami detection DART acoustic modem technology and have been programmed to store and transmit the data acoustically without the need to recover the instrument. ABPRs have been deployed near the North Pole, where the ice cover is a year-round challenge for access with a ship. Instead, the ABPRs have been built as light-weight mechanical systems that we can install using aircraft landing on the ice. ABPRs have provided the ﬁ rst records of uninterrupted pressure data over continuous years ever made in the central Arctic. The ABPR data have allowed us to identify and understand modes of Arctic Ocean bottom pressure variability that were unknown before the ABPR records and have offered new means of investigating and understanding the rapidly changing Arctic system. The ABPR records have also shown outstanding agreement with the satellite-sensed ocean bottom pressure anomalies from GRACE, providing ground truth data for validation of the satellite system. Due to the successful science ﬁ ndings as well as the ABPRs ’ capability to ful ﬁ ll the upcoming potential gaps of pressure measurements between GRACE and a GRACE follow-on mission, we highlight the urgent need to develop and maintain an Arctic observing network using ABPRs.
Evidence for high temperature and 18O‐enriched fluids in the Arab‐D of the Ghawar Field, Saudi Arabia

Using the clumped isotope method, the temperature of dolomite and calcite formation and the oxygen isotopic composition (δ18Ow) of the diagenetic fluids have been determined in a core taken from the Arab‐D of the Ghawar field, the largest oil reservoir in the world. These analyses show that while the dolomites and limestones throughout the major zones of the reservoir recrystallized at temperatures between ca 80°C and 100°C, the carbonates near the top of the reservoir formed at significantly lower temperatures (20 to 30°C). Although the δ18O values of the diagenetic fluids show large variations ranging from ca <0‰ to ca +8‰, the variations exhibit consistent downhole changes, with the highest values being associated with the portion of the reservoir with the highest permeability and porosity. Within the limestones, dolomites and dolomites associated with the zone of high permeability, there are statistically significant different trends between the δ18Ow values and recrystallization temperature. These relationships have different intercepts suggesting that fluids with varying δ18Ow values were involved in the formation of dolomite and limestone compared to the formation of dolomite associated with the zone of high permeability. These new data obtained using the clumped isotope technique show how dolomitization and recrystallization by deep‐seated brines with elevated δ18Ow values influence the δ18O values of carbonates, possibly leading to erroneous interpretations unless temperatures can be adequately constrained.
Soft tissue prediction in orthognathic surgery: Improving accuracy by means of anatomical details

Three-dimensional virtual simulation of orthognathic surgery is now a well-established method in maxillo-facial surgery. The commercial software packages are still burdened by a consistent imprecision on soft tissue predictions. In this study, the authors produced an anatomically detailed patient specific numerical model for simulation of soft tissue changes in orthognathic surgery. Eight patients were prospectively enrolled. Each patient underwent CBCT and planar x-rays prior to surgery and in addition received an MRI scan. Postoperative soft-tissue change was simulated using Finite Element Modeling (FEM) relying on a patient-specific 3D models generated combining data from preoperative CBCT (hard tissue) scans and MRI scans (muscles and skin). An initial simulation was performed assuming that all the muscles and the other soft tissue had the same material properties (Homogeneous Model). This model was compared with the postoperative CBCT 3D simulation for validation purpose. Design of experiments (DoE) was used to assess the effect of the presence of the muscles considered and of their variation in stiffness. The effect of single muscles was evaluated in specific areas of the midface. The quantitative distance error between the homogeneous model and actual patient surfaces for the midface area was 0.55 mm, standard deviation 2.9 mm. In our experience, including muscles in the numerical simulation of orthognathic surgery, brought an improvement in the quality of the simulation obtained.
Associations of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and red cell distribution width on different days with the prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients

The associations of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width (RDW) with the prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients were confirmed in a few studies. But NLR and RDW levels in most of these studies were on admission. Here we carried 1 retrospective study including 150 patients with aSAH who underwent surgeries in the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University from January 2020 to February 2023 to explore the associations on the preoperative day, the first (1st), third (3rd), and seventh (7th) postoperative days. The level of RDW on the 3rd postoperative day and level of NLR on the 7th postoperative day in patients with poor prognosis were significantly higher than patients with good prognosis. The results of multivariate logistic analysis also confirmed the associations of RDW on the 3rd postoperative day (OR = 16.785, 95% CI: 4.077–69.107, P < .001) and NLR on the 7th postoperative day (OR = 8.399, 95% CI: 2.167–32.544, P = .002) with prognosis of aSAH patients. The results of receiver operating characteristic curve showed that cutoff values of RDW and NLR for predicting the prognosis in aSAH patients were 13.05% and 6.97, respectively. Higher RDW on the 3rd postoperative day and NLR on the 7th postoperative day were possibly associated with poor prognosis of aSAH patients. We should pay attention to the RDW and NLR levels during different hospitalization periods, especially in the short postoperative period. Moreover, the cutoff values for predicting prognosis need to be validated in larger-sample studies.
Efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion in mice: An analytical and systematic review of meta-analyses

Objectives Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) remains an intractable reproductive dilemma due to the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the preclinical evidence for the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) treatment for URSA. Methods A meticulous literature search was independently performed by two authors across the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases from inception to April 9, 2023. Each study incorporated was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. The amalgamated standardized mean difference (SMD) accompanied by 95% confidence interval (CI) were deduced through a fixed-effects or random-effects model analysis. Results A total of ten studies incorporating 140 mice were subjected to data analysis. The MSC treatment yielded a significant reduction in the abortion rate within the URSA model (OR = 0.23, 95%CI [0.17, 0.3], P<0.00001). Moreover, it elicited a positive modulatory impact on the expression profiles of several inflammatory cytokines in the decidual tissue of URSA murine models, inclusive of IL4 (SMD 1.63, 95% CI [0.39, 2.86], P = 0.01), IL10 (SMD 1.60, 95% CI [0.58, 2.61], P = 0.002), IFN-γ (SMD -1.66, 95%CI [-2.79, -0.52], P = 0.004), and TNF-α (SMD -1.98, 95% CI [-2.93, -1.04], P< 0.0001). Subgroup analyses underscored that the administration mode of intraperitoneal and uterine horn injections, and sources of bone MSCs and adipose-derived MSCs contributed positively to the expression of IL4, IL10, and decreased the expression of IFN-γ in decidual tissue of URSA (P<0.05). Conversely, the tail vein injections subgroup was observed with no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions The findings underscore the considerable potential of MSCs in URSA therapy. Nonetheless, the demand for enhanced transparency in research design and direct comparisons between various MSC sources and administration routes in URSA is paramount to engendering robust evidence that could pave the way for successful clinical translation.
The event-driven nature of online political hostility: How offline political events make online interactions more hostile

Abstract Hostile interactions permeate political debates on social media, but what is driving the long-term developments in online political hostility? Prior research focuses on individual-level factors such as the dispositions of users or network-level factors such as echo chambers. Moving beyond these accounts, we develop and test an event-oriented explanation and demonstrate that over the course of the 2020 election year in the United States, all major shifts in political hostility on the social media platform Twitter were driven by external offline events. Importantly, these events were magnified by Twitter users within the most politically hostile and most ideologically homogeneous networks. Further contributing to the individual and network-oriented accounts, we show that divisive offline events mobilized individual users not already disposed for hostility and may have helped facilitate the formation of echo chambers. The dynamics of online interactions—including their level of hostility—seem crucially dependent on developments in the offline world.
New model for predicting the development of pancreatic pseudocyst secondary to acute pancreatitis

Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) increases the risk of a poor prognosis in in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Currently, an efficient tool is not available for predicting the risk of PPC in patients with AP. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the risk factors associated with PPC secondary to AP and to develop a model based on clinical information for predicting PPC secondary to AP. This study included 400 patients with acute pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst secondary to acute pancreatitis admitted to the emergency department and gastroenterology department of The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China from January 2019 to June 2022. Participants were divided into no PPCs (321 cases) and PPCs (79 cases). Independent factors of PPC secondary to AP were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The nomogram model was constructed based on multivariate logistic regression analyses, which included all risk factors, and evaluated using R. We enrolled 400 eligible patients and allocated 280 and 120 to the training and test sets, respectively. Clinical features, including severe pancreatitis history [odds ratio (OR) = 4.757; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.758–12.871], diabetes mellitus (OR = 6.919; 95% CI: 2.084–22.967), history of biliary surgery (OR = 9.232; 95% CI: 3.022–28.203), hemoglobin (OR = 0.974; 95% CI: 0.955–0.994), albumin (OR = 0.888; 95% CI: 0.825–0.957), and body mass index (OR = 0.851; 95% CI: 0.753–0.962), were significantly associated with the incidence of PPC after AP in the training sets. Additionally, the individualized nomogram demonstrated good discrimination in the training and validation samples with good calibration, The area under the curve and 95% CI of the nomogram were 0.883 (0.839–0.927) in the training dataset and 0.839 (0.752–0.925) in the validation set. We developed a nomogram model of PPC secondary to AP using R Studio. This model has a good predictive value for PPC in patients with AP and can help improve clinical decision-making.