Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of different levels of nitrogen on the incidence of major insect pests of rice.

Plots receiving higher dose of nitrogen experienced higher pest damage except for whorl maggot. The increase in infestation was directly proportional to levels of nitrogen. Among the six varieties tested with five levels of nitrogen, IET 5760, IET 5914 and IET 8002 to whorl maggot, IET 5760 to leaf folder and Rajshree to stem borer, were found least susceptible. The whorl maggot infestation was maximum without N application and minimum with highest level of N.
Meta‐Analysis of Lost Ecosystem Attributes in Urban Streams and the Effectiveness of Out‐of‐Channel Management Practices

Urban development is a leading cause of stream impairment that reduces biodiversity and negatively affects ecosystem processes and habitat. Out‐of‐stream restoration practices, such as stormwater ponds, created wetlands, and restored riparian vegetation, are increasingly implemented as management strategies to mitigate impacts. However, uncertainty exists regarding how effectively they improve downstream ecosystems because monitoring is uncommon and results are typically reported on a case‐by‐case basis. We conducted a meta‐analysis of literature and used response ratios to quantify how downstream ecosystems change in response to watershed development and to out‐of‐stream restoration. Biodiversity in unrestored urban streams was 47% less than that in reference streams, and ecological communities, habitat, and rates of nutrient cycling were negatively affected as well. Mean measures of ecosystem attributes in restored streams were significantly greater than, and 156% of, those in unrestored urban streams. Measures of biodiversity in restored streams were 132% of those in unrestored urban streams, and indices of biotic condition, community structure, and nutrient cycling significantly improved. However, ecosystem attributes and biodiversity at restored sites were significantly less than, and only 60% and 45% of, those in reference streams, respectively. Out‐of‐stream management practices improved ecological conditions in urban streams but still failed to restore reference stream conditions. Despite statistically significant improvements, assessing restoration success remains difficult due to few comparisons to reference sites or to clearly defined targets. These findings can inform future monitoring, management, and development strategies and highlight the need for preventative actions in a watershed context.
Identification of novel inflammatory serum biomarker signatures associated with pancreatic cancer and molecular characterization of antitumour agents over proliferation and apoptosos in vitro

El cancer de pancreas (PDAC), pese a tener una incidencia de 2.68% entre todos los tipos de cancer, representa la cuarta causa de muerte debida a cancer a nivel mundial. La terapia actual consiste en una combinacion del antimetabolito Gemcitabina con el inhibidor de tirosina quinasa del receptor del factor de crecimiento endotelial (EGFR), el Erlotinib. Sin embargo como se cita anteriormente, esta terapia solo consigue pequenas mejoras en la supervivencia. Por tanto, con el objetivo de mejorar la respuesta terapeutica de los pacientes con PDAC, son necesarios estudios moleculares que arrojen luz a los mecanismos que subyacen la progresion y la quimioresistencia del cancer de pancreas. En esta tesis, el primer objetivo que se aborda es analizar los mecanismos moleculares relacionados con la proliferacion, la alteracion de la regulacion del ciclo celular, la diferenciacion, la induccion de la apoptosis y la invasion de celulas de cancer de pancreas sometidas a las anteriormente citadas drogas. Y el segundo objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es la determinacion biomarcadores de diagnostico, predictivos y de pronostico para el PDAC.
TRENDS IN BORRELIA SPP. PREVALENCE IN IXODES SPP. TICKS FROM THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL UNITED STATES

The Lyme borreliosis (LB) cycle, involving Ixodes scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bbss), is well documented in the northeastern US, where LB is becoming increasingly prevalent. In coastal North Carolina, I. affinis has been shown to have a higher incidence of Bbss than I. scapularis. My objectives were, to assess changes in prevalence of Bbss in Ixodes spp. along a transect from Virginia to Florida, and to assess the value of dogs and mesomammals as sentinels for spread of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Ixodes spp. were collected at sites from 37.4 N to 30.0 N in 2011-12. Veterinary clinics from Virginia, to Florida were asked to collect ticks from dogs, and mesomammals were livetrapped in South Carolina and checked for ticks. Positive samples were identified to species by nested PCR and sequenced using the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer genes. A subset of ticks was subjected to 12/16S rRNA genetic procedures. Overall, 46 ticks were positive for Bbsl. Species identify of 22 Borrelia DNA samples sequenced was 54% Bbss, 32% B. bissettii, and 13% B. miyamotoi. All Bbsl-positive I. scapularis for which 12S analysis was completed belonged to the ‘American’ lineage of ticks. Genetic clustering (FST values) was evident among I. scapularis positive ticks, indicating an association between infection and haplotype. A total of 370 Ixodes spp. ticks were collected from dogs and mammals. Only four were Borrelia-positive (one I. affinis from a white-tailed deer in Virginia and two I. affinis from dogs in North and South Carolina respectively). No I. scapularis or I. affinis ticks were obtained from mesomammals. The pronounced prevalence gradient, whereby Bbsl was not found in ticks on vegetation south of 35.2 N cannot be explained by an absence of vectors. Ixodes affinis was collected in low numbers yet comprised half of the infected ticks identified, highlighting the importance of this species for sylvatic cycles of Bbsl. Our furthest-south record of a Borrelia-infected tick was from
Seasonal Changes of Gene Expression in Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) Testis Measured by Expression Microarray Analysis

In seasonal breeders such as the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) the well timed regulation of testicular functions is crucial to repro-ductive fitness and successful breeding. Such functions are in particular the production of spermatozoa and testosterone. Having only a very short rutting season from mid-July to mid-August, roe deer testis undergo drastic cyclic changes during the transitions between breeding and non-breeding seasons. These changes require mechanisms to stimulate both cell proliferation and spermatogenesis during testis growth (re-crudescence) and to initiate repression of spermatogenesis during testis involution. The expression of genes responsible for these local con-trol mechanisms needs to be seasonally regulated. Due to the lack of a fully sequenced roe deer genome, we used an 8K expression microar-ray from cattle as its evolutionary closest and sequenced relative to investigate the gene expression changes in roe deer testis during the tran-sition between the two extreme phases of the circannual testicular development: the arrest of spermatogenesis (December) on one hand and the fully activated spermatogenesis (June) on the other. During the transition from December to June, 622 genes were significantly differen-tially expressed (p < 0.05). Out of the 407 genes found to be up-regulated, 197 exhibited an increase in expression of twofold or more, and 132 out of the 215 down-regulated genes showed a decrease of twofold or more. Based on database queries, 51 of the differentially expressed genes could be assigned to 50 broad biological processes, 32 of which covered molecular functions and 28 were assigned to different cell components.
Population Genome-wide Analysis of Geographically Distant Isolates of the Bee Pathogen Nosema Ceranae

Microsporidia are a peculiar phylum of ancestral fungal relatives who have remained enigmatic and largely unknown up until the end of last century. Recent research has revealed some clues about their parasitic life style, and provided some answers regarding their basic biology. Research done as part of my Master’s degree has combined next generation genome sequencing and with powerful bioinformatics analyses to make new contributions in the field of microsporidian biology. In this dissertation, I will focus on describing the results of my main project, a population genomic study of an economically important microsporidium, Nosema ceranae. Infections from this species have been associated with recent global declines in the populations of western honeybees (Apis mellifera). Despite the outstanding economic and ecological threat that N. ceranae may represent for honeybees worldwide, many aspects of its biology, including its mode of reproduction, propagation and ploidy, are either very unclear or unknown. In my thesis, I aimed to expand our knowledge of N. ceranae biology by sequencing the genome of 8 isolates (i.e. a population of spores isolated from one single beehive) of this species harvested from 8 geographically distant beehives, and by investigating their level of polymorphism. Consistent with previous analysis performed using single gene sequences, my analyses exposed a very high genetic diversity within each isolate, but also very little hive-specific polymorphism. My investigations on the nature, location and distribution of this variation revealed that that beehives around the globe are infected by a population of N. ceranae cells that are polyploid (4n or more) and clonal. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses I performed using genome-wide SNP data extracted from these parasites and mitochondrial sequences from their hosts all failed to support the current geographical structure of our isolates, suggesting that the isolates we analysed have probably spread through human intervention. Altogether, research done as part of my Master’s degree has resulted in essential breakthroughs in our biological understanding of an economically and ecologically important parasite of honeybees.
Herbicide resistance in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) populations in wheat fields of Firoozabad Iran.

An experiment was conducted to detect herbicide resistance in ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) populations infesting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields across the Firoozabad city, Fars Province, during 2008-09. Ryegrass population in each agronomic zone was sprayed with several herbicides having different modes of action using upper recommended dose. Some of these ryegrass populations were found to be resistant to the ACCase–inhibitor herbicides: diclofop-methyl 60% and clodinafop-propargyl 50%. These populations were completely susceptible to herbicides with other modes of action like ALS-inhibitors, mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron, tubuline formation inhibitors, trifluralin and phenylpyrazolin, and pinoxaden. We did not detect any Point mutation 2078-Gly in ryegrass populations through the molecular dCAPS approach.
Distribution of cephalopods from plankton surveys around the British Isles

Cephalopods (n = 515) were identified from a series of plankton and fine meshed mid-water trawls, taken between 1977 and 1999, around the British Isles. The collections were not directed at cephalopods, but provide valuable information on the distribution of planktonic species and on the paralarvae of the benthic species. The most abundant species in neritic areas were the octopod Eledone cirrhosa and the sepiolids, Sepietta oweniana and Sepiola atlantica. Eledone cirrhosa were common in samples to the north and west of Scotland, particularly in early summer. The mantle lengths of E. cirrhosa were 4–8 mm, indicating a brief planktonic existence or, perhaps, net avoidance by larger specimens. In the shelf-break collections from the west of Scotland and Ireland the squids Brachioteuthis spp. , Gonatus sp. , Teuthowenia megalops and rynchoteuthions of the Ommastrephidae were abundant. Two types of rhynchoteuthion were found and were probably Todarodes sagittatus, Illex coindetii or Todaropsis eblanae. Despite the abundance of Loligo forbesi around the British Isles, it was rarely taken in plankton collections, probably indicating that it does not have a planktonic paralarva.
VALIDATION OF THE RESILIENCE SCALE FOR ADOLESCENTS (READ) IN MEXICO

Abstract Given the impact of resilience in youth's personal and social development, it is important to concentrate efforts in building or adapting instruments that can evaluate resilience with validity and reliability. To date, there is no adequate instrument that evaluates resilience with the population of Mexican adolescents in Spanish language. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the Resilience Scale (READ) with a sample of Mexican adolescents. Participants were 840 adolescents living in the Metropolitan zone of Guadalajara (Mexico). Factor, exploratory and confirmatory analyses were conducted, and the convergent and divergent validity of the scale was also evaluated. Results are similar to other validation studies of the READ, with the difference of a new factor arising related to goal-orientation and which was probably derived due to the cultural differences of the population. The findings conclude that the READ in Spanish is a valid measure for the Mexican context. Implications are discussed.
Genetic diversity pattern in finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn].

The genetic distance for 41 genotypes of soybean collected from different geographical areas was estimated using D2 statistics. These genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. Cluster II, I, V, VI, and III comprised 17, 10, 7, 3 and 2 genotypes, respectively. The clusters IV and VII were mono-genotypic indicating wide divergence from other clusters. Most of the strains were from same origin and found to be one or more components of seven clusters indicating the presence of wide genetic variability among the material belonging to same geographical origin. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters II and VII followed by IV and VII suggesting the use of genotypes from these clusters to serve as potential parents for hybridization. The characters iron content (70.12%) contributed maximum towards divergence followed by plant height (11.72%), days to physiological maturity (7.07%) and days to 50% flowering (5.49%).
Understanding reperfusion and the donor and recipient immune response in lung transplantation

12 Declaration . 13 Copyright Statement . 14 Acknowledgements . 15 Thesis Submission . 16 CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Lung Transplantation . 18 1.1 History of Lung Transplantation . 19 1.2 Organ Donation . 21 1.2.1 Donation after Brain Death . 21 1.2.2 Donation after Cardiac Death . 24 1.2. 3 Donor Organ Management . 26 1.2. 4 Extended Donor Criteria for Transplantation . 28 1.3 Complications of Lung Transplantation . 32 1.3. 1 Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury . 32 1.3. 2 Primary Graft Dysfunction . 36 1.3. 3 Rejection . 40 1.4 Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion . 52 1.4. 1 The History of EVLP . 52 1.4. 2 The Technique of EVLP . 54 1.4. 3 The Three Protocols of EVLP . 56 1.4. 4 The Clinical Experience of EVLP . 59 1.4. 5 The Science of EVLP . 61 1.5 Summary . 64 CHAPTER 2: Characterisation of the Inflammatory Signalling Profile of the Donor Lung following EVLP and Standard Transplant . 65 2.1 Abstract . 66 2.2 Introduction . 67
Effects of temperature on global gene expression in natural strains of budding yeast

Natural biological systems are resilient from the simplest form of unicellular organisms to the most complex form of multi-organ organisms. This resilience of a system manifests itself in two ways: "returns to its current attractor or moves to a new attractor that maintains the system's functions" (Hiroaki Kitano, 2004). That is, a system can work to maintain its current state or change to a new state that allows it to properly function under perturbations. One such complex system is the regulation of gene expression in biological organisms in which recruitment of transcriptional machinery to gene regulatory regions activates and controls transcription of target genes. Systemic responses of gene expression to perturbations result in alteration or stability of gene expression in individual genes as well as the state of cellular functions. The objective of this work is to investigate the consequences of temperature perturbation on genome-wide gene expression with respect to cellular growth in two contrasting attributes: variation and robustness. We first characterize variation of genome-wide gene expression across five temperature conditions in three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains--two natural strains and one laboratory strain--and investigate potential regulatory mechanisms of this expression variation. We show that as many as half of the number of genes in the genome exhibit expression variation but this gene expression variation is mostly specific to each strain. However, the global transcriptome displays a simple linear response to the temperature gradient manifested as a one-dimensional subspace, suggesting a global coordination of transcription against temperature perturbation. Next, we characterize the robustness of genome-wide gene expression against temperature perturbation and compare it against the genetic differences in gene expression among these three strains. We provide evidence to support a hypothesis that selective forces potentially drive congruent evolution of genetic and temperature robustness of genome-wide gene expression. We present results to support the hypothesis that greater selection for gene expression robustness against temperature perturbation occurs in the natural strains compared to the laboratory strain, and that the evolution of gene expression robustness likely involves transfactors. In summary, we propose that a global regulatory coordination of transcription via trans-factors likely modulates genome-wide gene expression in relation to growth-permissive perturbations and drives congruent evolution of genetic robustness in the unicellular eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Biology This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/866 First Advisor Junhyong Kim
Rendimento e desempenho agronômico da cultura do trigo em manejo com Azospirillum brasilense

The seed inoculation with bacteria of the genus Azospirillum ssp. has been performed in several grasses with little results broadcast on national wheat production. Given the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of Azospirillum brasilense seed inoculation on the yield components of wheat. Thus, we conducted two field tests at two locations (Maringa and Alto Piquiri). The treatments consisted of three nitrogen rates (0, 50 and 100 kg ha -1 ) in the absence of the inoculant and the presence of 50 kg N ha -1 + three doses of the inoculant (100, 150 and 200 ml 50 kg -1 seed) in liquid formulation AbV5 and Ab-V6, respectively. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments and four replications. The data were submitted to ANOVA and means compared by L.S. D test at 5% probability. Agronomic characteristics: number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per ear, number of ear m -2 , thousand grains mass, hectoliter weight and yield were evaluated. From the results it appears that the application of half dose of nitrogen associated with seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense promoted positive results on the agronomic performance and yield of wheat.
Pengaruh Roa Dan Npm Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada PT. Antam, Tbk

This study aims to determine the effect of ROA and NPM on company value at PT. Antam. The research design is quantitative and associative causal with descriptive explanations. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis with a sample of 11 company data for the period 2006-2016 and the type of data used is time series. The analysis shows, the average growth of Return on Assets (ROA) of PT. ANTAM for the period 2006-2016 was 54.79%. The average NPM growth was 107.37%. While the average growth in firm value is 0.16%. he results of the regression analysis showed that ROA had no significant effect on firm value with a regression coefficient value of 0.110. NPM has a positive and significant effect on firm value with a regression coefficient of 0.851. Simultaneously, ROA and NPM have a positive and significant effect on firm value with a coefficient of determination of 71.5%, while the remaining 28.5% is explained by other variables outside this study, for example liquidity ratios, activity ratios, leverage ratios, market ratios and others
Influence of Temperature, Pathogen Strain, Inoculum Density, Seedling Age, Inoculation Method and Varietal Resistance on Infection of Pepper Seedlings by Ralstonia solanacearum

To develop a bacterial wilt screening technique applied in pepper breeding for resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum, the interaction of diverse factors such as temperature, bacterial strain, inoculum density, root wounding, seedling age and pepper genotypes was studied in the greenhouse. Disease severity increased with increasing temperature after artificial inoculation from 15℃ to 35℃. To facilitate and acquire precise results of R. solanacearum disease screening, pepper seedlings should be inoculated at 30 days ? old stage with inoculum density of 10? 10? cfu? mL -1 (optical density around 0.14 at 600 ㎚, bacterium cultured on TZC for 48h). Inoculated seedlings are required to remain in a greenhouse at around 30℃ and water accordingly. Root wounding methods make the disease symptom develop quickly. Disease evaluation of inoculated seedling is recorded around 20 ? 30 days after inoculation.
Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacter Strain Reduce Application Rates Mineral Fertilizer in Barley

800x600 N 2 -fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria are important in plant nutrition increasing N and P uptake by the plants, and playing a significant role as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the biofertilization of crops. N 2 -fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria have great potential to enhance nutrient availability with increase the soil enzyme activity. The present study was conducted two different locations (Erzurum and Ispir) in the Eastern part of Turkey to investigate the effects of seed coating by N 2 -fixing and P-solubilizing PGPR strains on soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphates, and acid phosphates) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) growth in comparison to control and optimum and half of N fertilizer doses application under field condition in 2007 and 2008. The treatments included control (no inoculation and fertilizer), Nitrogen (40 kg N ha -1 ), Nitrogen (80 kg N ha -1 ), Bacillus OSU-142, (5) Bacillus M-3, Azospirillum sp.245, OSU-142 + M-13 + Azospirillum sp.245, Bacillus megaterium RC07, Paenibacillus polymyxa RC05 and B. licheniformis RC08. All bacterial inoculations, especially mixed inoculation, significantly increased enzyme activities and uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) of grain, leaf, and straw part of the barley compared to the control. The data suggested that seed inoculation with OSU-142 + M3 + Azospirillum sp.245 may substitute N and P fertilizers in barley production. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}