Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTICS, ATOMS AND MOLECULES

The yield of positive ions formed as a result of the electron-impact dissociative ionization of glutamic acid (Glu-Acid) and glutamine (Gln) molecules in the gaseous phase has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The experiment was performed using an MX-7304A monopole mass spectrometer in a mass number interval of 10–150 Da. The mass spectra of Glu-Acid and Gln molecules at various temperatures and the dynamics of the ionic fragment yield in an interval of initial substance evaporation temperatures of 310–430 K were studied, and the specific features of the relevant ionic fragment formation at the electron impact were analyzed in detail. Ab initio calculations of ionization potentials for glutamic acid and glutamine molecules were performed in the adiabatic approximation and on the basis of binding energies for the HOMO and LUMO orbitals of neutral molecules. The cross-sections of the single-electron ionization of both molecules by the electron impact were calculated in the framework of the binary encounter Bethe model and using the Gryziński formula. The calculated molecular constants were shown to agree well with the obtained experimental data. K e yw o r d s: mass spectrum, amino acid, dissociative ionization, ionic fragment, ionization cross-section.
Vulnerability and site effects in earthquake disasters in Armenia (Colombia) – Part 2 : Observed damage and vulnerability

Abstract. Damage in Armenia, Colombia, for the 25 January 1999 (Mw=6.2, peak ground acceleration (PGA) 580 Gal) event was disproportionate. We analyze the damage report as a function of number of stories and construction age of buildings. We recovered two vulnerability evaluations made in Armenia in 1993 and in 2004. We compare the results of the 1993 evaluation with damage observed in 1999 and show that the vulnerability evaluation made in 1993 could have predicted the relative frequency of damage observed in 1999. Our results show that vulnerability of the building stock was the major factor behind damage observed in 1999. Moreover, it showed no significant reduction between 1999 and 2004.
Two-Stage Bayesian Sequential Change Diagnosis

In this paper, we formulate and solve a two-stage Bayesian sequential change diagnosis (SCD) problem. Different from the one-stage sequential change diagnosis problem considered in the existing work, after a change has been detected, we can continue to collect low-cost samples so that the post-change distribution can be identified more accurately. The goal of a two-stage SCD rule is to minimize the total cost including delay, false alarm probability, and misdiagnosis probability. To solve the two-stage SCD problem, we first convert the problem into a two-ordered optimal stopping time problem. Using tools from optimal multiple stopping time theory, we obtain the optimal SCD rule. Moreover, to address the high computational complexity issue of the optimal SCD rule, we further propose a computationally efficient threshold-based two-stage SCD rule. By analyzing the asymptotic behaviors of the delay, false alarm, and misdiagnosis costs, we show that the proposed threshold SCD rule is asymptotically optimal as the per-unit delay costs go to zero.
ISLAMIC FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG STUDENTS ATTENDING FACULTY OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

This study aims to fi nd out Islamic fi nancial literacy level of students enrolling in Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business IAIN Langsa as well as factors affecting it. A sample of 236 respondents was drawn from the population using Slovin formula and the questionnaires were distributed randomly. Descri ptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that Islamic fi nancial literacy level is 65.9% categorised as medium and among the factors affecting it is the age of respondent (p value 0.036 < α 0,05).
Capital Ratios and Systemic Risk

Capital adequacy ratios are a popular way of adding a resiliency buffer to financial firms’ balance sheets, but every firm active in the lending market may react differently to the tightening of capital constraints. When applied to financial institutions that are less risk-averse than banks, an increase in capital ratio requirements may increase the level of risk in the lending system, as some institutions prioritise a search-for-yield at the expense of risk management. Assuming a mean-variance preference structure on lenders, I calibrate risk-aversion parameters and funding costs to each lenders in the syndicated loan market and run two counterfactual experiments to assess policy effectiveness at tackling systemic risk. I show, using a structural model of syndicated lending, that regulating non-banks leads them to take on more risk, therefore increasing the overall level of risk in the system, even as the probability of default of the average borrower decreases, the tail risk increases. I also confirm that simply modifying capital ratio on banks leads to a decrease in systemic risk, as expected and as implemented in Basel III. This paper serves as a cautionary tale of pursuing blanket macro-prudential policies when the actors in the market have heterogeneous business models and preferences.
Is P2P dying or just hiding?

Recent reports in the popular media suggest a significant decrease in peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing traffic, attributed to the public’s response to legal threats. Have we reached the end of the P2P revolution? In pursuit of legitimate data to verify this hypothesis, we embark on a more accurate measurement effort of P2P traffic at the link level. In contrast to previous efforts we introduce two novel elements in our methodology. First, we measure traffic of all known popular P2P protocols. Second, we go beyond the “known port” limitation by reverse engineering the protocols and identifying characteristic strings in the payload. We find that, if measured accurately, P2P traffic has never declined; indeed we have never seen the proportion of p2p traffic decrease over time (any change is an increase) in any of our data sources.
CIA_A_276828 2001..2008

1Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; 2Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland; 3Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 4Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 5Höhere Fachschule Pflege, Berufsbildungszentrum Olten, Olten, Switzerland; 6ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 7Department of Neurology, University Neurorehabilitation Unit, University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland Background: Isometric strength measures and timed up and go (TUG) tests are both recognized as valuable tools for fall prediction in older adults. However, results from direct comparison of these two tests are lacking. We aimed to assess the potential of isometric strength measures and the different modalities of the TUG test to detect individuals at risk of falling. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study including 24 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years, 19 females, 88±7 years). Participants performed three variations of the TUG test (standard, counting and holding a full cup) and three isometric strength tests (handgrip, knee extension and hip flexion) at several time points (at baseline and every ~6 weeks) during a one-year follow-up. The association between these tests and the incidence of falls during the follow-up was assessed. Results: Twelve participants out of 24 participants experienced falls during the follow-up. Fallers showed a significantly lower handgrip strength (−5.7 kg, 95% confidence interval: −10.4 to −1.1, p=0.019) and knee extension strength (−4.9 kg, −9.6 to −0.2, p=0.042) at follow-up, while no significant differences were found for any TUG variation. Conclusions: Handgrip and knee extension strength measures – particularly when assessed regularly over time – have the potential to serve as a simple and easy tool for detecting individuals at risk of falling as compared to functional mobility measures (ie, TUG test).
DMSO_A_322296 3691..3701

1Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China
The Controlling role of Ownership on Financial Performance and Capital Structure in Indonesia

The aim of the study was to determine the factors of the firms' capital structure concerning their maximum firm value. The data-set of the financial statements firms of of all sector in Indonesia were used. This study the data panel multiple regression model to assess the effect of these independent and controlling variables on leverage. Some results are that profitability has positive (ROA) and negative (ROE) effect on leverage. MBV and tangibility do not affect the capital structure, and firm size negatively impacts on it. In this panel analysis, it was confirmed that the managerial and institutional ownership impact on leverage negatively and positively, respectively. By decreasing the sales growth, the debt ratio entity rises, or they have a negative relationship. Based on these findings, management and other stakeholders were suggested to concern of financial performances and ownership that influenced the capital structure in Indonesia.
Effect of care for child development training on cadres’ knowledge, attitude, and efficacy in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Background Stunting is a common malnutrition problem among children in the world. The Care for Children Development (CCD) intervention is a strategy to reduce stunting. Objective This study aimed to identify the effect of culturally modified CCD training on the knowledge, attitude, and efficacy (KAE) of cadres about stunting in the community. Methods We conducted a community-based study with a quasi-experimental research design using a comparison group. The study was conducted from March 2018 to February 2019 at three Public Health Centers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The total participants were 69 in the intervention group and 53 in the comparison group. Cadres in the intervention group received two days of training on a culturally modified CCD guideline. In contrast, cadres in the comparison group received a brief explanation (a one-day training) on that program. The nurses from three public health centers were facilitators in this training. Knowledge and self-efficacy were assessed using a modified Caregiver Knowledge of Child Development Inventory and General Self-efficacy Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. Results All 122 cadres completed the training. In the intervention group, CCD training significantly increased cadres’ knowledge (median score 14 vs. 11), attitude (58 vs. 55), and efficacy (30 vs. 28), all with p <0.001. In the comparison group, the short explanation of CCD significantly improved cadres’ knowledge (median score 12 vs. 10) and efficacy (29 vs. 27) but not their attitude. The delta or change in score before and after CCD training for cadres’ attitude in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the comparison group (3.78 vs. 0.72; p = 0.050). Conclusion A culturally modified CCD training significantly improves cadres’ KAE in the intervention group and cadres’ knowledge in the comparison group. The learning delivery methods with demonstrations and role-plays significantly improved the cadres’ attitudes as health educators for stunted mothers in the community. For sustainability, community health nurses should regularly collaborate with cadres to improve the nutritional status of children in their area.
Differences in socio-demographic and risk factor profile, clinical presentation, and outcomes between patients with and without RHD heart failure in Sub-Saharan Africa: results from the THESUS-HF registry.

Background Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) was found in the THESUS-HF registry to be the third most common cause of acute heart failure (AHF) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods One thousand six patients with AHF from 9 Sub-Saharan African countries were recruited in THESUS-HF, of which 143 (14.3%) had RHD-AHF. Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with RHD-AHF and non-RHD-AHF were compared. Kaplan-Meier plots for time to all-cause death and/or HF readmission according to the presence of RHD-AHF and non-RHD-AHF were performed and survival distributions compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression was used to determine the hazard ratio of death to day 180 and death or readmission to day 60 after adjusting for confounders. Results Patients with RHD-AHF were younger, more often females, had higher rates of atrial fibrillation, had less hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, had lower BP, and higher pulse rate and better kidney function and echocardiographic higher ejection fraction larger left atria and more diastolic dysfunction. Patients with RHD-AHF had a numerically longer mean stay in the hospital (10.5 vs. 8.8 days) and significantly higher initial hospitalization mortality (9.1% vs. 3.4%). Conclusions In conclusion, patients with HF related to RHD were younger, have higher rate of atrial fibrillation and have a worse short-term outcome compared to HF related to other etiologies in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Size distribution and coating thickness of black carbon from the Canadian oil sands operations

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in the Earth's climate system. However, parameterizations of BC size and mixing state have not been well addressed in aerosol–climate models, introducing substantial uncertainties into the estimation of radiative forcing by BC. In this study, we focused on BC emissions from the oil sands (OS) surface mining activities in northern Alberta, based on an aircraft campaign conducted over the Athabasca OS region in 2013. A total of 14 flights were made over the OS source area, in which the aircraft was typically flown in a four- or five-sided polygon pattern along flight tracks encircling an OS facility. Another 3 flights were performed downwind of the OS source area, each of which involved at least three intercepting locations where the well-mixed OS plume was measured along flight tracks perpendicular to the wind direction. Comparable size distributions were observed for refractory black carbon (rBC) over and downwind of the OS facilities, with rBC mass median diameters (MMDs) between ∼ 135 and 145 nm that were characteristic of fresh urban emissions. This MMD range corresponded to rBC number median diameters (NMDs) of ∼ 60–70 nm, approximately 100 % higher than the NMD settings in some aerosol–climate models. The typical in- and out-of-plume segments of a flight, which had different rBC concentrations and photochemical ages, showed consistent rBC size distributions in terms of MMD, NMD and the corresponding distribution widths. Moreover, rBC size distributions remained unchanged at different downwind distances from the source area, suggesting that atmospheric aging would not necessarily change rBC size distribution. However, aging indeed influenced rBC mixing state. Coating thickness for rBC cores in the diameter range of 130–160 nm was nearly doubled (from ∼ 20 to 40 nm) within 3 h when the OS plume was transported over a distance of 90 km from the source area.
Penalized Regressions with Different Tuning Parameter Choosing Criteria and the Application in Economics

Recently a great deal of attention has been paid to modern regression methods such as penalized regressions which perform variable selection and coefficient estimation simultaneously, thereby providing new approaches to analyze complex data of high dimension. The choice of the tuning parameter is vital in penalized regression. In this paper, we studied the effect of different tuning parameter choosing criteria on the performances of some well-known penalization methods including ridge, lasso, and elastic net regressions. Specifically, we investigated the widely used information criteria in regression models such as Bayesian information criterion (BIC), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), and AIC correction (AICc) in various simulation scenarios and a real data example in economic modeling. We found that predictive performance of models selected by different information criteria is heavily dependent on the properties of a data set. It is hard to find a universal best tuning parameter choosing criterion and a best penalty function for all cases. The results in this research provide reference for the choices of different criteria for tuning parameter in penalized regressions for practitioners, which also expands the nascent field of applications of penalized regressions.
Cervical Vertebrae and Dental Age: Is there a Correlation?

Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study of 123 panoramic and lateral radiographs . It was conducted at the Department of orthodontics of Farhat Hached hospital in Sousse. The chronological age, cervical vertebral maturation, and the stages of Demirijian’s dental maturation, for the seven permanent left mandibular teeth for each subject, were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 22 and the significance rate was set at 5%.
Large improvement in DC electrical properties of EPDM with 2D platelet nanoclay

Space charge, electrical conductivity and breakdown strength of polymeric insulations are considered to be the most important characteristics for designing DC cable insulation. In this paper, we report the DC electrical properties of ethylene propylene diene polymethylene (EPDM) polymer with two different 2D inorganic clays, one of which shows large improvement of space charge distribution, controlled electrical conductivity and breakdown voltage. The results revealed that compared with the pure EPDM, the space charge accumulation for EPDM filled with Talc was suppressed significantly, especially at 50 °C with thermal gradient. The maximum local electric field enhancement in the volume decreased from 60% for the pure EPDM to 4% for the Talc-filled EPDM under 20 kV mm−1 at 25 °C, while the corresponding value dropped dramatically from 83% to 8% at 50 °C with thermal gradient. Compared with the EPDM, the Talc-filled EPDM showed higher conductivity but with less dependence to electric field and temperature. Microstructure studies suggest the platelet Talc particles distribute in the EPDM matrix homogeneously and make a uniform morphology. This condition consequently causes a desired trap distribution with high density of shallow traps due to the presence of high interfacial area between polymer chains and clay particles which prevents the charge accumulation during the charge carrier transport under DC electric field. Results of the thermally stimulated depolarization current spectra of the samples are in good agreement with the predicted trap distribution based on the experimental results and morphological study.
Electron runaway rate in air

A Monte Carlo code is developed in terms of the null-collision technique capable of simulating the transport of electrons in nitrogen–oxygen mixtures. Cross-sections for the angular scattering of electrons in all types of interactions are incorporated as accurately as possible. To demonstrate the opportunities and reliability of the code, basic transport parameters of electrons in nitrogen for a wide range of the reduced electric field strength E/N are computed and compared to some available theoretical and experimental data. The ‘electron runaway rate’, as a physical quantity, is tentatively defined. The influence of different models ofangular scattering upon the electron runaway in strong electric fields is studied. Dependence on the field strength E of the generation rate in air of electrons with energies above ϵ max in the range from 0.2–4 keV is computed assuming immobile molecules with a concentration equal to Loshmidt’s number NL=2.69×1019 cm−3 (STP conditions) in the range of the field strength E from 240–400 kV cm−1.
Greenhouse gas footprints of utility-scale photovoltaic facilities at the global scale

Technological characteristics and meteorological conditions are major determinants of the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints of photovoltaic facilities. By accounting for technological and meteorological differences, we quantified the GHG footprints of 9992 utility-scale photovoltaic facilities worldwide. We obtained a median greenhouse gas footprint of 58.7 g CO2-eq kWh−1, with a 3-fold spread (28.2–94.6 g CO2-eq kWh−1, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles). Differences in panel type appeared to be the most important determinant of variability in the GHG footprint, followed by irradiation and a facility’s age. We also provided a meta-model based on these three predictors for users to determine the facility-specific greenhouse gas footprint. The total cumulative electricity produced by the utility-scale photovoltaic fleet worldwide is 457 TWh yr−1, 99.6% of which is produced at footprints below 100 g CO2-eq kWh−1. Compared to earlier studies, the footprints we computed of global utility-scale facilities show a relatively large spread. In order to further improve the accuracy of facility-specific footprints, more information on panel type as well as production country is required.
THE INFLUENCE OF EFFORT EXPECTANCY AND COGNITIVE NEED ON INTENTION TO ADOPT DISTANCE LEARNING

— This research aimed to investigate the effect of effort expectancy and cognitive needs on the students’ intention to adopt distance learning. In this study, the quantitative research approach was employed. Data were collected from students of higher education institutions, and the total valid questionnaires suitable for analysis was 92. Many statistical tests including confirmatory, and structural equation modelling have been adopted in this paper and data was analyzed using AMOS 20 software. The findings show that both effort expectancy and cognitive needs have a significant effect on the students’ intention to adopt distance learning. Hence, before implementing distance learning students should go through awareness programs that explain in details step by step how to use this technology and its related applications.
Title : PAX 3-FOXO 1 establishes myogenic super enhancers and confers BET bromodomain vulnerability

1Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA, 2Pediatric Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. 3Division of Preclinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA, 4University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, 5Department of Oncohematology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Research Institute, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy, 6Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA, 7Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, ATC, NCI, Frederick, Maryland, USA, 8Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA