Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation on the Role of Flocculation Processes in Geo-Chemical and Biological Cycle of Estuary (Case Study: Gorganrood River)

The present investigation provides a thorough study of eliminating soluble and colloidal elements of copper, iron, magnesium and zinc during estuarine mixing of Gorganrood River water with Caspian Sea water in Iran. The processes of flocculation were carried out in 10 aquariums in order to furnish the salinity in an interval of 0.3 - 4.4 ppt. The obtained result is indicative of non- conservative behavior of studied metals. Higher flocculation resulted in a lower salinity and vice-versa. The obtained results indicated that most metal were eliminated during the initial mixing of fresh water with sea water at 0.6 - 1.0 ppt salinity interval. The trend of flocculation rates of elements in the river were obtained as follows: Fe (97.33%)> Mn (91.66%) >Zn (72.72%) > Cu (52.63%). The annual average elimination of soluble elements of iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn) and copper(Cu) from Gorganrood river to Caspian Sea decreases from 1040.68, 59.1498, 302.26, 263.64 tons per year to 27.75, 124.88, 83.255, 124.88 tons per year, respectively. According to the cluster analysis, parameters such as salinity, temperature, electrical conductivity, Eh and suspended solid materials do not have any impact on flocculation of elements. The only parameter that influences the flocculation of elements is the pH. This research illustrates that estuarine processes are effective mechanisms in self- purification of heavy metals from water resources. Metal speciation studies that are carried out by Eh-pH software show that studied metals are present as solid (in case of Cu), free ions (Fe and Mn) and finally hydroxides (Zn).
THE DYNAMICS OF STEPS ON VICINAL SURFACES DURING RECONSTRUCTION- DRIVEN FACETING

Experiments show that faceting of a vicinal surface can be driven by surface reconstruction, which often occurs only on sufficiently wide terraces. We study the dynamics of steps near an isolated reconstructed terrace using a simple one-dimensional model that assigns a lower free energy (due to reconstruction) for terraces with width greater than some critical width w c . When mass is conserved locally, through surface diffusion, we find that the growth of a reconstructed terrace can induce the growth of another such terrace nearby. This induced nucleation process is analyzed using a simple and physically suggestive picture where analytic results can be obtained. The faceted surfaces arising from this process are predicted to have a periodic distribution of reconstructed terraces separated by step bunches. The long time behavior of the faceting is obtained using a scaling ansatz. A similar analysis is carried out for the non-conserved case.
BORON UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION IN FIELD GROWN CITRUS TREES

In low fertility tropical soils, boron (B) deficiency impairs fruit production. However, little information is available on the efficiency of nutrient application and use by trees. Therefore, this work verified the effects of soil and foliar applications of boron in a commercial citrus orchard. An experiment was conducted with fertigated 4-year-old ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock. Boron (isotopically-enriched 10B) was supplied to trees once or twice in the growing season, either dripped in the soil or sprayed on the leaves. Trees were sampled at different periods and separated into different parts for total B contents and 10B/11B isotope ratios analyses. Soil B applied via fertigation was more efficient than foliar application for the organs grown after the B fertilization. Recovery of labeled B by fruits was 21% for fertigation and 7% for foliar application. Residual effects of nutrient application in the grove were observed in the year after labeled fertilizer application, which greater proportions derived from the soil supply.
Dissolution/reprecipitation: a model process for pet bottle recycling

A dissolution/reprecipitation route was followed for the recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Model experiments on virgin material, either in the form of pellets or blow-molded bottles, are presented. The process proposed comprises dissolution of the plastic in an appropriate solvent, reprecipitation by using a nonsolvent, thorough washing of the material obtained, and drying. The solvent mixtures involved are separated by fractional distillation for further reuse. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)/n-octane + n-hexane proved to be a particularly effective solvent/nonsolvent system. Further investigation was focused on the effect of the sample history through successive recycling cycles. The recycled material was evaluated in terms of molecular weight, crystallinity, and grain-size analysis, resulting in an excellent quality, competing with the virgin grade. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 91–95, 2001
HIGH TURBIDITY REDUCTION DURING THE STORM PERIOD BY APPLIED MAGNETIC FIELD

The technology of magnetic aggregation and separation can offer an advantage of separating pollutant from water by magnetic force. In this research, high turbidity raw water treated by magnetic aggregation method with applied magnetic field was studied and the operating parameters were appropriate dosage of magnetite particles, water quality parameters and the strength of applied magnetic field. Magnetite particles (Fe3O4) were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method in this study. The results indicate that it has better efficiency of magnetic aggregation after magnetic particles being further magnetized. The method of magnetic aggregation and separation can reduce the turbidity of raw water of different initial turbidity and from different areas at different pH values.
Syntheses, weak interactions, and 3-D network structures of two salts based on [Ni(i-mnt)2]2− (i-mnt2−=iso-maleonitriled-ithiolate) anion with substituted pyridinium cation

Two new salts, [2-NaMePy]2[Ni(i-mnt)2] (1) and [2-NaMe-4-MePy]2[Ni(i-mnt)2] (2) ([2-NaMePy]+ = 1-(2′-naphthylmethyl)pyridinium, [2-NaMe-4-MePy]+ = 1-(2′-naphthylmethyl)-4-methylpyridinium and i-mnt2− = iso-maleonitriledithiolate), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, UV, IR, molar conductivity, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The anions in 1 form a 1-D chain through short C ··· N interactions between the anions, while the cations in 2 stack a 1-D column via C–H ··· π and π ··· π stacking interactions between the cations. The effect of weak intramolecular interactions such as C–H ··· N, C–H ··· S, C–H ··· Ni hydrogen bonds, and π ··· π stacking interactions between the cations and the anions further generate a 3-D network structure. The change of the molecular topology of the countercation when the 4-substituted group in the pyridine ring is changed from H atom to CH3 group results in different crystal system, space group, and the stacking mode of the cations and anions of 1 and 2.
A First Principles–Neural Networks Approach to Model a Vibrated Fluidized Bed Dryer: Simulations and Experimental Results

Abstract: This article presents the modeling and simulation of a batch pilot-scale vibrofluidized bed dryer. The model considers the effect of back-mixing by establishing interconnected drying zones. The model's equations consist of the mass and energy balances for each zone in the solid phase, while a complete mixing is assumed in the gas phase. The drying and heat transfer parameters are correlated with the operating conditions by means of three neural networks that have been adapted from data obtained experimentally. The system of algebraic-differential equations provides the solid's moisture content and temperature profiles as a function of time. The model was validated by experiments with turnip seeds. Good fit was obtained using only four drying zones.
Investigation of Two Kinds of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction Systems

Abstract Isothermal simulation experiments on natural gas-CaSO4-H2O system and natural gas-MgSO4-H2O system were conducted at 450–570°C. Properties of reaction products were analyzed by microcoulometry, gas-chromatography, Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction methods. Based on the experiments, composition of products, geochemical characteristics, and thermodynamics of natural gas-CaSO4-H2O system were compared with those of natural gas-MgSO4-H2O system. It was found that H2S, CO2, and carbon were the common products of the two thermochemical sulfate reduction systems. In thermochemical sulfate reduction process, CaSO4 was reduced to CaCO3 while MgSO4 was reduced to MgO. At the same reaction temperature, the effect of thermochemical sulfate reduction on natural gas was more intensified in natural gas-MgSO4-H2O system than natural gas-CaSO4-H2O system. With the same temperature and hydrocarbon, MgSO4 more easily participates thermodynamically in the reactions than CaSO4.
Acaro del coco, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Arácnidae: Acari: Eriophyidae)

EENY-405, a 7-page illustrated fact sheet by F. W. Howard, Dave Moore, Edwin Abreu, and Sergio Gallo, is part of the Featured Creatures collection, and is the Spanish-language version of EENY-398/IN709: A Coconut Mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Arachnida: Acari: Eriophyidae). It describes one of the worst arthropod pests of coconut palms, which attacks the young fruits and can cause scarring and distortion and premature fruit drop. Includes sections on distribution, description, biology and ecology, hosts, damage and economic importance, detection, management, and selected references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, June 2007. EENY-405/IN744: Acaro del coco, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Arácnidae: Acari: Eriophyidae) (ufl.edu)
Dynamic modeling of DC arc discharge on ice surfaces

A dynamic model for predicting DC arc behavior and critical flashover voltage of ice-covered insulating surfaces is presented. The model takes into consideration insulating geometry, pre-contamination level, and characteristics of ice layers. Assuming arc behavior as a time dependant impedance, it is possible to determine various arc characteristics such as time histories of leakage currents, potential gradient, channel radius, trajectory, propagation velocity and the energy injected into the zones free of ice (also called air gaps). The simulated results provided by the model are in agreement with those obtained experimentally using a simplified ice-covered cylinder as well as a short string of five IEEE standard porcelain suspension units covered with artificial ice.
Study of some trace and macroelements in selected antidiabetic medicinal plants used in Adamawa State, Nigeria by neutron activation analysis (NAA)

This study was conducted to determine the concentration of trace and macro elements in selected antidiabetes medicinal plants collected from Mubi North, Mubi South and Maiha Local Government Areas of Adamawa State. Elements such as Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Vanadium (V), Manganese (Mn), Strontium (Sr), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) were investigated in root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia avicenniordes, Hymenocardia acida, Leptadenia hastata, Balanites aegytiacae, Ageratum conyzoides by using INAA. The results showed different concentrations of elements in the range of (591±140 - 5641±299) mg/kg for Mg, (8.3±2.2 - 64±4) mg/kg for Zn, (558±24 - 16870±76) mg/kg for Cl, (6763±417 - 82250±993) mg/kg for Ca, (0.7±0.2 - 88±0.27) mg/kg for V, (39.1±0.2 - 1969±14) mg/kg for Mn, (24±08 - 313±09) mg/kg for Sr, (40±0.3 - 384.2±0.8) mg/kg for Na and (703±03 51880±108) mg/kg for K. High content of these elements were found in all the plants except in few parts of the medicinal plants where they are below detection limit of the instrument. The results of the present study provide justification for the usage of these medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) since they are found to contain appreciable amounts of the elements K, Ca, Mn, V, Mg and Zn, which are well known for their roles in potentiating insulin. The purpose of this study is also to identify the content of each element associated with glucose metabolism and the possible sources of mineral supplements. The results of the study suggest that the medicinal plants are potential candidates for drug development.
Recent Energy Studies and Energy Policies in Turkey

Currently, considerable attention has been focused on the energy sources and energy studies in Turkey. Indigenous energy consumption accounts for 37% of total energy consumption. The Turkish government's investment needs in the energy sector for the period 2000-2010 will be around 55 billion US dollars. Of this, about 81% is total planning investments. Conventional financing of major infrastructure projects would only increase the amount of foreign credit, thus the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR) has conceived other options for financing projects. One option is the so-called Built, Operate, and Transfer (BOT) model; private investors build and operate private sector generation years, at which point they transfer ownership to the state. In June 1996, MENR introduced the Built, Own, and Operate (BOO) financing model. A major dilemma now faced by Turkey is how to invest in new electric power capacity while at the same time adhering to foreign debt ceilings to under lending rules set by the International Monetary Fund. Turkey has to adopt new long-term energy strategies to reduce the share of fossil fuels in the primary energy consumption. Recently, the development of alternative energy sources has been a major focus of the research effort in Turkey.
The Effect of Diesel Fuel Reformulation on the Exhaust Measured by Ames Mutagenicity and DNA AddUcts

In this study we compared two reformulated and one standard European Diesel fuel between particulate soluble organic fraction of PAH, mutagenic activity, and DNA adduct formation. Adducts were analyzed in vitro calf thymus DNA with and without the metabolic activation system and measured by 32 P-postlabeling method. PAH-DNA adduct formation and mutagenicity by Ames test were compared. Both biological tests showed that reformulation decreased genotoxic PAH compounds in diesel particle emission.
A New Approach to Temperature Dependent Ideality Factors in Schottky Contacts

Schottky diodes often exhibit anomalous current-vol tage characteristics at low temperatures (T) with T dependent ideality factors (IF) and apparent barrier heights (BH) evaluated for the thermionic emission. In this paper theoretical expressions are first presented for the T dependences of the IF and the apparent BH for the thermionic-field emission (TFE) including the bias dependence of BH. Model calculations are reported, which has been performed using these expressions, and their results are compared with the available experimental data. It is shown that the T dependence of the 1 Fs and apparent BHs often may be explained self consistently by the TFE with anomalously high characteristic energies E oo .
Oxidation and reduction behavior of pure indium

Fundamental knowledge on the oxidation behavior of pure indium, commonly used as a low-temperature, fluxless soldering material in micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices, is of importance as it influences the solder joint reliability. A thermodynamic model of the oxidation and reduction behavior of indium is developed by constructing an Ellingham diagram, and by using H_2(g) reactions. Partial pressure ( p ) of H_2O was shown to be the critical parameter in creating a reducing environment in the applicable solder reflow temperature range. Verification of the thermodynamic models was then carried out through heating and melting of indium in controlled glove box environments by adjusting p (H_2)/ p (H_2O). The nanometer scale thickness of the oxide layer grown on indium was measured by a spectroscopic ellipsometer. The growth mechanism for oxidation in air below 220 °C follows Uhlig’s logarithmic law where electron transport is the rate-controlling mechanism, implying that there is an incubation period for the onset of initial oxidation. Its activation energy was found to be 0.65 eV.
FORMALDEHYDE AND TRACER GAS TRANSFER BETWEEN AIRSTREAMS IN ENTHALPY-TYPE AIR-TO-AIR HEAT EXCHANGERS

LBL-18149 To be presented at the ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Chicago, IL, January 27-30, 1985; and to be published in ASHRAE Transactions FORMALDEHYDE AND TRACER GAS TRANSFER BETWEEN IN ENTHALPY-TYPE AIR-TO-AIR HEAT EXCHANGERS AIRSTRE&~S W.J. Fisk, B.S. Pedersen, D. Hekmat, R.E. Chant, and H. Kaboli July 1984 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098
Adsorption removal of paraquat and diquat onto activated carbon at different adsorption temperature

The efficacy of activated carbon as an oral adsorbent in removing paraquat and diquat from purified water and physiological saline solution at different temperatures was investigated for the primary treatment of acute poisoning. The amounts of paraquat and diquat adsorbed onto activated carbon were large in low temperature condition. The adsorption mode of paraquat and diquat onto activated carbon was mainly physical adsorption. It was recognized that the high adsorption ratio of paraquat and diquat onto activated carbon was obtained by the administration of low temperature suspended solution which was a mixture of activated carbon and gastrointestinal lavage detergent.
Copper(II) quinolinonato-7-carboxamido complexes as potent antitumor agents with broad spectra and selective effects

A series of five copper(II) mixed-ligand complexes with the composition [Cu(quix)(phen)]NO3·yH2O (1 to 5), where Hquix stands for 2-(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolinone-7-carboxamides with different N-substitutions: Hqui1 = N-propyl (1), Hqui2 = N-isobutyl (2), Hqui3 = N-cyclohexyl (3), Hqui4 = N-benzyl (4), and Hqui5 = N-p-xylyl (5); phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and y = 0 or 1, were synthesized, characterized and screened for in vitro antitumor activity on a panel of six human cancer cell lines, including osteosarcoma (HOS), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), malignant melanoma (G361), cervix carcinoma (HeLa), ovarian carcinoma (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma (A2780R). All the complexes, except for limitedly soluble complex 4, showed very potent cytotoxicity (IC50 ≈ 1–7 μM); the best IC50 value was found for complex 5 against A2780, with IC50 = 0.6(1) μM. Moreover, complex 5 was found to be non-toxic up to 50 μM against non-malignant lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5); therefore, showing a promising selectivity index [IC50(MRC-5)/IC50(A2780)] that was higher than 80. The complexes were also shown to bind to calf thymus DNA, interact with physiological levels of L-cysteine and act as chemical nucleases. It was additionally suggested that the species responsible for the biological activities of the prepared complexes were the [Cu(qui)(phen)]+ cations, or similar cationic species containing the {Cu(phen)} residue. The results clearly demonstrated that targeted structural optimization of the quinolinonato ligand in this class of complexes leads to compounds with high-level and broad-spectrum anticancer activity along with significantly increased selectivity.
A statistical study of seven curves for describing the sorption of phosphate by soil

summary Seven mathematical models, which have been advanced for describing phosphate sorption by soils, are studied here with respect to their statistical behaviour in estimation. These seven non-linear regression models include the Langmuir equation and two extensions of it, the Freundlich equation and two extensions of it, and Gunary's equation. Measures of non-linear behaviour, such as the Bates & Watts (1980) curvature measure of intrinsic non-linearity and the Lowry & Morton (1983) asymmetry measure of non-linearity, were calculated for each model in combination with each of six data sets. It was found that the Freundlich equation and the extension of it proposed by Sibbesen behaved best, with Gunary's equation also having acceptable statistical properties, whereas the Langmuir equation and its extensions behaved worse, exhibiting properties which indicate that the estimators of their parameters would be severely biased and non-normal in distribution. It is believed that similar conclusions may apply to other processes involving surface adsorption.
Characteristics of the stabilized glow discharge in air

The discharge space between a positive cylindrical electrode (in the diameter range 0.3185-3.175 cm) and a coaxial outer electrode of diameter 58.1 cm has been irradiated by a radioactive beta -source to obtain a stable glow discharge in which streamers are absent. Onset electric gradient, voltage-current characteristics and electric gradient measurements at the anode surface in the presence of corona have been obtained. A modified form of the Townsend voltage-current characteristic has been derived which is in good agreement with the measured values for all conductor diameters. The surface gradient is found to be constant at about 5% below the onset value after establishment of the glow discharge, and to be independent of further voltage increase. Calculations suggest that this is consistent with a positive-ion mobility of 1.8*-4m2V-1s-1.
Effects of salinity on Na, K and Ca contents of borage (Borago officinalis L.) and echium (Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey.)

Soil salinity affects ions concentrationss of plant tissues and this may alter the merits quality of medicinal plants. Experiments were conducted during 2003 at the the Isfahan University of Technology Campus, Isfahan, Iran, to assess the effects of five soil salinity levels (3.2, 3.6, 4.5, 5.4 and 7.5 dS m-1) on Na, K, and Ca contents of borage and echium. Each plant species was studied in a separate experiment using a completely randomized design with three replications. The Increase increase in soil salinity increased Na, but decreased K and Ca contents and K/Na ratio of aerial parts of both borage and echium plants. Borage had much higher Na concentration and much lower K/Na ratio than echium. Consequently, it could be implied that the medicinal quality of borage might be more adversely affected by soil salinity than that of echium. Soil salinity should be considered as an important factor for in borage production as a medicinal plant.
Degradation Kinetics of Polypyrrole Films

Kinetic measurements have been made on the degradation reaction of electrochemically prepared polypyrrole films. The measurements were made by applyin proper potentials at polymer film covered electrodes in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions and monitoring the absorbance of the electrolysis product as a function of time. Parameters included for the study were: the potentials at which the films were made, degradation potential, acid concentration, and film thickness. Films degrade faster at higher degradation potentials, in higher acid concentrations, and for thinner films
A Novel HPLC-PDA-MS Method for S-Adenosylmethionine and S-Adenosylhomocysteine Routine Analysis

S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine are essential compounds in metabolic pathways; therefore, the development of a suitable method to routinely quantify these compounds is very important. In this paper, a simple and fast method (10 minutes) for simultaneous SAM and SAH quantification in plasma and blood samples is proposed based on the HPLC-PDA-MS technique. A new solid phase extraction procedure for blood samples is reported. The developed method proved to be highly sensitive (1.3 × 10−9 molL−1 for SAM and 4.5 × 10−10 molL−1 for SAH), repeatable (CV = 1.06% for SAM and CV = 0.92% for SAH), and reproducible (CV = 4.1% for SAM and CV = 3.77% for SAH).