Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dipolarizing flux bundles in the cis‐geosynchronous magnetosphere: Relationship between electric fields and energetic particle injections

Dipolarizing flux bundles (DFBs) are small flux tubes (typically <3 RE in XGSM and YGSM) in the nightside magnetosphere that have magnetic field more dipolar than the background. Although DFBs are known to accelerate particles, creating energetic particle injections outside geosynchronous orbit (trans‐GEO), the nature of the acceleration mechanism and the importance of DFBs in generating injections inside geosynchronous orbit (cis‐GEO) are unclear. Our statistical study of cis‐GEO DFBs using data from the Van Allen Probes reveals that just like trans‐GEO DFBs, cis‐GEO DFBs occur most often in the premidnight sector, but their occurrence rate is ~1/3 that of trans‐GEO DFBs. Half the cis‐GEO DFBs are accompanied by an energetic particle injection and have an electric field 3 times stronger than that of the injectionless half. All DFB injections are dispersionless within the temporal resolution considered (11 s). Our findings suggest that these injections are ushered or produced locally by the DFB, and the DFB's strong electric field is an important aspect of the injection generation mechanism.
Large-scale Shaking Table Test on Seismically Induced Failure of Earth-core Rockfill

More and more high earth-core rockfill dams (ECRD) will be constructed in area with strong earthquakes. The failure mechanism of this type of dam during earthquake is still unclear, which limits engineers to accurately judge dam safety. In this paper, some new experimental technologies are developed and used to evaluate the seismic behaviours of ECRDs. They mainly include the pattern recognition system based on the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology to capture the deformations of the rockfills and the Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to monitor the strain of the earth-core. The test results show that the major effect of the simulated earthquake on the model dams is to cause sliding in both the upstream and downstream slopes while the earth-core can undergo large distortions without appreciable damage. The pattern recognition system provides an efficient tool to capture the particle movements of soil structures under shaking and the FBG sensor has the potentials to measure strain of low strength and low stiffness structures in shaking table tests.
The impact of e‐government services on customer satisfaction in the private sector: A case study of the Kingdom of Bahrain (SIJILAT), an online commercial registration

Countless e‐government program initiatives have been introduced to profit each section of society in the Kingdom of Bahrain: citizens, residents, government entities, and workers' business ventures. It is getting more important to have e‐Government systems to supply services to businesses that use them (e‐G2B). To improve the Kingdom's national economy, the Information and Government Authority (IGA) has launched a virtual one‐stop solution available through multiple channels offering a unified service where citizens and Commercial Registration holders can use a single streamlined form to apply, renew or terminate multiple licenses concurrently; this is the Business License Information System (SIJILAT). This study aims to assess Bahraini customers' satisfaction with the SIJILAT service. A quantitative method is followed with a questionnaire to gather data; six factors: accessibility, information, security, reliability, trust, and perceived ease of use found to effectively affect service quality, and, in which it affects positively and enhances customer satisfaction. The theoretical contribution of this research will enhance the theoretical literature and knowledge related to its topic. The current research will contribute to the few studies conducted in Bahrain and the Middle East on e‐government and customer satisfaction with these services. A key outcome of the research will be the ability of e‐government officials who make decisions to determine the significant factors that play a role in G2B success, particularly ones to which they should pay attention to obtain the maximum return on their technology investment.
Spherical capsules in three-dimensional unbounded Stokes flows: effect of the membrane constitutive law and onset of buckling

The dynamic response of an initially spherical capsule subject to different externally imposed flows is examined. The neo-Hookean and Skalak et al. (Biophys. J., vol. 13 (1973), pp. 245–264) constitutive laws are used for the description of the membrane mechanics, assuming negligible bending resistance. The viscosity ratio between the interior and exterior fluids of the capsule is taken to be unity and creeping-flow conditions are assumed to prevail. The capillary number $\varepsilon $ is the basic dimensionless number of the problem, which measures the relative importance of viscous and elastic forces. The boundary-element method is used with bi-cubic B-splines as basis functions in order to discretize the capsule surface by a structured mesh. This guarantees continuity of second derivatives with respect to the position of the Lagrangian particles used for tracking the location of the interface at each time step and improves the accuracy of the method. For simple shear flow and hyperbolic flow, an interval in $\varepsilon $ is identified within which stable equilibrium shapes are obtained. For smaller values of $\varepsilon $, steady shapes are briefly captured, but they soon become unstable owing to the development of compressive tensions in the membrane near the equator that cause the capsule to buckle. The post-buckling state of the capsule is conjectured to exhibit small folds around the equator similar to those reported by Walter et al. Colloid Polymer Sci. Vol. 278 (2001), pp. 123–132 for polysiloxane microcapsules. For large values of $\varepsilon $, beyond the interval of stability, the membrane has two tips along the direction of elongation where the deformation is most severe, and no equilibrium shapes could be identified. For both regions outside the interval of stability, the membrane model is not appropriate and bending resistance is essential to obtain realistic capsule shapes. This pattern persists for the two constitutive laws that were used, with the Skalak et al. law producing a wider stability interval than the neo-Hookean law owing to its strain hardening nature.
How does artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics training affect dynamic balance, abdominal strength, jump performance, and flexibility in adult females?

Background: Artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics are an enormously popular group of sports that develops many biomo-tor skills, however, their effect on various aspects of fitness is not sufficiently observed. Objective: The study aimed to determine the effects of artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics training on body composition, balance, jump performance, abdominal strength, and flexibility in adult females. Methods: Fifty-one adult female non-gymnasts (age 19.59 ± 1.58 years, height 160.69 ± 4.74 cm) were randomly assigned to three groups: the artistic gymnastics group ( n = 19), the mini-trampoline gymnastics group ( n = 16), and the control group ( n = 16). The training groups performed either artistic gymnastics or mini-trampoline training twice a week for 12 weeks. The control group only did warm-up exercises twice a week during the study. The measurements to determine the effects of different gymnastics training on body composition, dynamic balance, jump performance, abdominal strength, and flexibility were performed before and after the exercise programs. The pre-test and post-test of the variables of groups were compared using paired sample t -test. A one-way analysis of variance was used for between-group comparisons. Results: Both artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics trainings significantly improved the dynamic balance, vertical and standing long jump, abdominal strength, and flexibility compared to the control group ( p < .05). There were significant differences between the artistic and trampoline gymnastics groups for almost all performance tests ( p < .05), but no significant difference in flexibility tests. Trampoline gymnastics training provided more improvement than artistic gymnastics training in all performance variables except flexibility ( p < .05). Conclusions: The findings of the study indicated that both gymnastics trainings improved all performance variables. However, mini trampoline training seems to be more effective than artistic gymnastics training in all performance variables except flexibility.
Wear behavior of copper-containing ferritic iron under a dry sliding condition

The effect of solute Cu and Cu precipitates on the wear behavior of ferritic iron under an unlubricated condition was investigated. The specific wear rate of Cu-containing steel abruptly decreased up to 50 N of load, and then gradually decreased with further increased load. The specific wear rate of the as-quenched specimen, in which Cu was in a solid solution, was the lowest among all the specimens at low loads, and all specimens had almost the same specific wear rate at high loads. Subsurface observation showed that the hardness increments of all specimens decreased with increased depth below the worn surface. The as-quenched specimen had a relatively large depth of deformed region than the other specimens even though the increments in hardness were almost the same for all specimens at low loads. With the same hardness at an unworn state, the as-quenched and over-aged specimens exhibited a substantial increase in hardness and large deformed regions below the worn surfaces. This finding indicated that the enhancement in plastic deformation and work hardening led to the decrease in the specific wear rate of the as-quenched specimen at low loads and the improvement in the wear resistance of all specimens at high loads.
An Empirical Study of Factors affecting Inclusive Workplaces: A Framework for Diversity Management

This empirical study explores the elements that help make workplaces inclusive and offers a paradigm for managing diversity. Workplaces that embrace and value variations in colour, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity are said to be inclusive workplaces. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative employee surveys and qualitative interviews with diversity workers. The findings highlight a number of critical elements, such as leadership commitment, staff development, inclusive policies and practices, and accountability measures, that have an impact on the success of diversity management programmes. The proposed framework emphasizes the significance of systematic diversity management practices that consider these crucial elements, as well as continuing evaluation and efforts towards continual improvement. The conclusions have significance for businesses looking to foster inclusive workplaces and diversity and inclusion initiatives.
Microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and electrochemical behavior of the wide-area stir zone fabricated in Al5083 by friction stir processing with overlapping technique

In the current study, a wide-area stir region was created in Al5083 aluminum alloy using multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) with 50% pin overlapping. Microstructural investigations such as grain structure analysis and intermetallic particle (IMPs) distribution were carried out on processed alloys using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Recrystallized fine grains were developed after FSP due to the intense plastic straining and dynamic recrystallization. It was also identified that the grain refinement was uniform in the stir region of all overlapping passes, resulting in uniform hardness over the wide-area stir region. Three different types of IMPs, such as needle shape iron-based IMPs, round shape magnesium-based IMPs, and the very fine magnesium-based IMPs along the grain boundaries, were identified from the SEM analysis. The tensile test findings showed that the elongation improved drastically after overlapping FSP, while the hardness and tensile strength were found to be decreased due to high temperature thermal cycles. Electrochemical investigations revealed that the corrosion rate decreased after FSP due to the formation of uniform grain structure and dissolution of iron-based IMPs.
Personal Exposure to Contaminant Sources in Ventilated Rooms

In this study Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to predict the personal exposure to contaminant sources in a ventilated room. A CFD model of a person is located in a displacement ventilated room as well as in a mixing ventilated room. The personal exposure to different contaminant sources is simulated, taking both the concentration gradients and the local influence of the person into account. The results show that the personal exposure is highly dependent both on the kind of source as well as on the ventilation system. The simulations show that it is not sufficient to know the local concentration in an empty room, the local impact of a person is distinct and should be considered in the personal exposure assessment. INTRODUCTION When a person is located in a ventilated room where concentration gradients prevail, the local concentration field may be changed significantly and thus the personal exposure. The reason is the local change in the flow field caused by the presence of the person, e.g. due to: the excess surface temperature of the human body that generates a convective ascending air current along the body. a person may locally act as an obstacle to the general flow field.
Busy period in GIX/G/∞

Busy period problems in infinite server queues are studied systematically, starting from the batch service time. General relations are given for the lengths of the busy cycle, busy period and idle period, and for the number of customers served in a busy period. These relations show that the idle period is the most difficult while the busy cycle is the simplest of the four random variables. Renewal arguments are used to derive explicit results for both general and special cases.
Robust Kalman Filters Using Generalized Maximum Likelihood-Type Estimators

Estimation methods such as the Kalman filter identify best state estimates based on certain optimality criteria using a model of the system and the observations. A common assumption underlying the estimation is that the noise is Gaussian. In practical systems though, one quite frequently encounters thick-tailed, non-Gaussian noise. Statistically, contamination by this type of noise can be seen as inducing outliers among the data and leads to significant degradation in the KF. While many nonlinear methods to cope with non-Gaussian noise exist, a filter that is robust in the presence of outliers and maintains high statistical efficiency is desired. To solve this problem, a new robust Kalman filter framework is proposed that bounds the influence of observation, innovation, and structural outliers in a discrete linear system. This filter is designed to process the observations and predictions together, making it very effective in suppressing multiple outliers. In addition, it consists of a new prewhitening method that incorporates a robust multivariate estimator of location and covariance. Furthermore, the filter provides state estimates that are robust to outliers while maintaining a high statistical efficiency at the Gaussian distribution by applying a generalized maximum likelihood-type (GM) estimator. Finally, the filter incorporates the correct error covariance matrix that is derived using the GM-estimator’s influence function. This dissertation also addresses robust state estimation for systems that follow a broad class of nonlinear models that possess two or more equilibrium points. Tracking state transitions from one equilibrium point to another rapidly and accurately in such models can be a difficult task, and a computationally simple solution is desirable. To that effect, a new robust extended Kalman filter is developed that exploits observational redundancy and the nonlinear weights of the GM-estimator to track the state transitions rapidly and accurately. Through simulations, the performances of the new filters are analyzed in terms of robustness to multiple outliers and estimation capabilities for the following applications: tracking autonomous systems, enhancing actual speech from cellular phones, and tracking climate transitions. Furthermore, the filters are compared with the state-of-the-art, i.e. the H∞-filter for tracking an autonomous vehicle and the extended Kalman filter for sensing climate transitions.
Stationary contact line formation and particle deposition in dip coating

ABSTRACT The stationary contact line formation and particle deposition in the evaporation regime of dip coating is investigated numerically by solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, vapor mass fraction, and particle concentration. A sharp-interface level-set method for tracking the liquid–gas interface is extended to include the effect of phase change and to treat the particle deposition as well as the liquid–gas–solid contact line on a moving substrate. The computations demonstrate that the particle deposition occurs spontaneously near the stationary contact line and the deposition thickness depends on the deposition rate constant and the substrate withdrawal velocity.
Island Wake Dynamics and Wake Influence on the Evaporation Duct and Radar Propagation

Abstract The conditions under which atmospheric island wakes form leeward of Kauai, Hawaii, are investigated using idealized numerical simulations and real data forecasts from the U.S. Navy's Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Nondimensional mountain height ĥ is varied in a series of idealized simulations by altering the island's terrain height; with increasing ĥ, the wake configuration varies from two small counterrotating vortices to a straight wake to a meandering wake to a von Karman vortex street. In both the idealized and real data forecasts, stability changes across the wake alter the surface layer temperature and moisture profiles, thereby modifying the refractivity and evaporation duct height (EDH) fields. An electromagnetic (EM) propagation model and a radar clutter model are used to demonstrate that the alterations to the refractivity field created by the wake are capable of strongly affecting near-surface EM propagation. Substantial azimuthal variability in radar se.
Analysis of factors affecting interest in paying Zakat, Infaq, Sadaqa (ZIS) through e-wallets

This study aims to identify the factors that influence the payment of ZIS through e-wallets in the Jabodetabek community. This research is a quantitative study. The study used primary data sources from a Likert scale questionnaire distributed to Muslims in the Jabodetabek community who have one of the following five e-wallets: GoPay, OVO, Shopee Pay, Dana, and LinkAja. The sample size in this study was 145 respondents, calculated using the Slovin formula. The data analysis methods used in this study include reliability tests, validity tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that, partially, religiosity has a negative and insignificant effect on the intention to pay ZIS through e-wallets. The variables of ease and trust have a significant positive effect on the intention to pay ZIS through e-wallets. When considered simultaneously, religiosity, ease, and trust have a significant effect on the intention to pay ZIS through e-wallets.
Internal Dynamics of a Protein That Forms the Amyloid Fibrils Observed by Neutron Scattering

Amyloid fibrils are filamentous protein aggregates that are found as deposits in patients with a range of human diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and senile systemic amyloidosis. These abnormal protein aggregates and/or intermediate structures towards the mature fibrils are related to pathogenesis of these diseases. Elucidation of the mechanism of the amyloid fibril formation is thus important for elucidation of the mechanism of pathogenesis. Here we performed the elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS) measurements on hen egg-white lysozyme, a model protein of the amyloid fibril formation, under the monomer state and the amyloid fibril state. The values of the mean square displacement estimated from the EINS measurements and the force constant analysis of the temperature dependence of the mean square displacement showed that the protein under the amyloid state is more flexible than the monomer state, suggesting the correlation between the aberration in dynamics and the abe.
COGNITIVE SYMMETRY: ILLOGICAL BUT RATIONAL BIASES

Several kinds of symmetries work as biases in human cognitive activities: thinking, language, communication and so on. In this study, we emphasize general importance of the symmetrical biases. To present some pieces of evidence of the importance, we introduce a certain loosely symmetric (LS) model to quantitatively evaluate the function and the effect of several cognitive symmetries. LS is one of the descriptively best adequate models of human causal induction, in which the symmetries work rationally for adaptation. In this paper, the first analysis of LS is given, revealing its previously unknown symmetries. We here show that the biases not only make the result humanlike in inductive tasks but also rationally work in decision making and other tasks, in spite of their illogicality, if the intensity of the biases is adaptively adjusted as in our LS model.
Experimental Study of Perforated Concrete BlockBreakwater

Perforated concrete block is a new form of breakwater that has similar function like coral reef and artificial breakwater, so the purpose of this research is to investigate how a perforated concrete block works as a breakwater protector structure towards the reduction level of wave height. The result showed that the perforated concrete block is one of breakwater types that could be used to muffle the wave height, and the use of perforated concrete block as a breakwater could reduce the wave height in the protected area and this could be developed into one of economic and eco-friendly breakwaters because the large pores of the concrete block could be used as a home of marine biota and it also reduces the volume of concrete using. Index Term— Perforated concrete block, economic and ecofriendly breakwaters
The Where and Why of Accelerated Middle-School Mathematics

Students in any grade level vary widely in their mathematics achievement, with the typical classroom including four to seven grade levels of mathematics proficiency. Due to this large range of mathematics learning needs, some schools offer certain courses in earlier grades than is typical. In this study, we analyzed multiple, large, national datasets to understand which schools provide access to seventh-grade algebra and eighth-grade geometry. Next, we explored what factors predicted school-level access to those courses and the proportion of eligible students enrolled in either course. We found that access varies widely across, and even within, states and districts, with factors such as parental education and within-district economic segregation remaining predictive even after controlling for average school achievement. In general, predictors of the proportion of a school identified as gifted were weaker, but schools in more-segregated districts and those with larger proportions of White students enrolled did tend to enroll fewer students in either math course.