Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling carbon deposition and dissolved nitrogen discharge from sea cage aquaculture of tropical spiny lobster

The tropical spiny lobster,Panulirus ornatus, is farmed infloating sea cages situated in shallowcoastalwaters inmanyparts of theAsia-Pacific region. Despite the rapid expansion of this aquaculture activity, very little is known about its environmental impacts. This study combines computermodelling with previous laboratorymeasures to provide information on benthic carbon deposition and the production of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) fromhypothetical sea cage aquaculture of spiny lobsters.Modelling scenarioswere runwith twodifferent lobster aquaculture stocking densities (3 and 5 kg m) and various feed conversion ratios (FCRs) using natural seafood or artificial lobster diet (FCR 1.28–28). Simulations from the model showed that cumulative benthic carbondeposition varied from0.1 to over 0.8 kg C m year, while themeanDIN levels around sea cages ranged from 5.6 up to 25 mg N l and the maximum DIN levels ranged from 10.8 to 165 mg N l. The results showed that feeding lobsters with seafood resulted in a markedly higher benthic carbon loading and release of DIN when compared with artificial lobster feed. Therefore, the elimination of the use of trash fish would greatly reduce the environmental impacts of spiny lobster aquaculture. Overall, the effects from spiny lobster aquaculture were spatially localized with the highest concentrations of carbon deposition and DIN directly beneath the sea cages. Therefore, it seems unlikely that spiny lobster aquaculture in sea cages will cause adverse environmental effects unless the lobsters are heavily stocked and supplied with poor quality feed.
New Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene, Fayum Depression, Egypt

Abstract Paleogene bats from Africa are rare with only scant records from Tunisia, Egypt, and Tanzania having been described in the past. Four new genera and six new species of microchiropteran bats are described here from the late Eocene (37–34 Ma) of the Fayum Depression in northern Egypt. Included among these new taxa are the first and only African record of a fossil rhinopomatid and the earliest African records of megadermatids, emballonurids, and vespertilionids. Additionally, a new genus and two new species of the Afro-Arabian bat family Philisidae are described. The new Fayum philisids are the oldest representatives of this family, are represented by the largest species thus far recorded for the group, and include one of the largest fossil bats known. Previous biogeographic reconstructions suggest that most Old World bat families had their origin in Laurasia but several modern bat families may have diversified only after their initial dispersal into Africa. Bats and primates may have entered Africa during the same dispersal event early in the Paleogene.
Impact of planting dates and some weather factors on population fluctuation and occurrence percentage of aphids and thrips on wheat crop in Egypt

Three planting dates of wheat (Nov., 15 th , Dec., 1 st and Dec., 15 th ) were evaluated during 2012/ 2013 and 2013/2014 seasons at Al Ziton village, Beni-Suief Governorate to determine their effect on the population fluctuation of aphids; Rhopalosiphum padi , Schizaphis graminum, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Sitobion (Macrosiphum) avenae and thrips; Thrips tabaci . Results indicated that planting of wheat seeds in the second planting date (Dec., 1 st ) led to slight infestation of aphids and thrips with mean numbers of 15.52 and 5.74 individuals /10 tillers, for the two seasons. The population fluctuation of aphids and thrips were affected by delaying planting date, as the wheat plants planted at the early planting date (Nov., 15 th ) were found to be infested by a little numbers of aphids in the first inspection. On the contrary, the infestation of aphids postponed for 8 and 2 weeks & 8 and 6 weeks in the second and third planting dates in the two studied seasons, respectively. On the other hand, the infestation of thrips postponed for 3 & 1 weeks and 6 & 4 weeks in the second and third planting dates in the two seasons, respectively. The highest infestation rate of aphids on wheat plants were recorded at the last period of growth (ear head formation) in the three tested planting dates as the occurrence percent were 48.57, 87.55 and 76.06 % for the three planting dates, in the first season and were 92.94, 89.02 and 88.71 % in the second season. The highest infestation rate of thrips occurred during tillering stage in the 1 st and 2 nd planting dates, as occurrence percent were 76.58 and 78.69 % in the first season and 91.09 & 86.67 % in the second season. On the other hand, the highest infestation rate of thrips at the 3 rd planting date were recorded during the ear head formation, showing occurrence percent of 94.84 and 91.15 % in the two seasons, respectively. The population density of aphids and thrips were greatly influenced according to the change in weather factors. The combined effect of temperature and relative humidity on the population density of aphids on wheat plants were 20.44, 37.53 and 30.12 for the three tested planting dates, in the first season and were 27.39, 25.65 and 25.81 % in the second seasons, respectively. The combined effect of two climatic factors together on the population density thrips decreased by delaying planting date of wheat, as E.V. % were 90.52, 35.04 and 28.34 % to the three tested planting dates in the first season and 54.68, 51.28 and 31.04 in the second season, respectively.
Evidence for the local depletion of bay duiker Cephalophus dorsalis, within the Ipassa Man and Biosphere Reserve, north-east Gabon

Malgre son statut de protection, la Reserve d'Ipassa, au nord-est du Gabon, a subi d'intenses activites de braconnage. Des etudes recentes des mammiferes ont montre que la reserve en abrite encore une grande diversite mais que leur densite a decline de facon dramatique au cours des deux dernieres decennies. Nous avons evalue les changements de la diversite des especes de cephalophes dans la reserve en comparant les donnees recoltees il y a 20 ans et celles de 2005-2006 dans la meme region. Les deux seules especes presentes aujourd'hui sont le cephalophe bleu et le cephalophe de Peters. La densite des cephalophes bais etait de 7,1 individus/km2 dans les annees 1980 mais il semble qu'il n'y en ait plus a cet endroit. Comme la chasse pour l'approvisionnement fut la seule activite pratiquee dans la reserve au cours des 20 dernieres annees et que le cephalophe bai est une espece particulierement prisee par les chasseurs de la region, il est tres probable que la chasse soit la raison de cette disparition locale. (Resume d'auteur)
Influence of Enzyme Supplementation on the Bioavailable Energy of Barley

Abstract The influence of enzyme supplementation on the bioavailable energy of barley and apparent protein digestibility (APD) of barley-based diets was examined in four experiments. Wheat was replaced by Scout barley (hull-less) at 25% increments to a maximum of 75% of the diet The available energy for young chicks (AMEn) significantly increased due to enzyme supplementation as the barley component of the diet increased. No significant increase was observed when the same diets were fed to adult roosters (TMEn), which may be attributed to the age of the birds. The enzyme addition had a differential effect on the AMEn, values of four different barley cultivars. The greatest increase in energy was noted with Scout (25.3%); no increase was observed with Bedford (hulled) barley. When Scout barley was supplemented with either corn oil or tallow, the AMEn and ADP values of the diets increased due to enzyme supplementation, irrespective of the fat source. These results suggest that the bioavailable energy of unsupplemented barley depends on the cultivar and its viscosity as well as on the β-glucan content The age of the assay bird is important when assigning an energy value for barley containing antinutritive factors such as β-glucans. Currently, derived AMEn values for barley allow for a better prediction of performance parameters for young broilers.
Promotion of Cocklebur Seed Germination by Allyl, Sulfur and Cyanogenic Compounds

The effects of allyl, sulfur and cyanogenic compounds on the germination of upper cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds were examined. Mercaptoethanol and methylmercaptan as well as KCN, substrates for pcyanoalanine synthase (CAS), and H2S and thiocyanate, the products of the CAS catalyzing reaction, were effective in promoting germination, suggesting the involvement of CAS in germination. Most of allyl compounds, especially allylthiourea, as well as ethylene which activated CAS [Hasegawa et al. (1994) Physiol. Plant. 91: 141], promoted the germination in an abnormal type which occurred by the predominant growth of cotyledons as did C2H4 [Katoh and Esashi (1975) Plant Cell Physiol. 16: 687]. However, they failed to activate CAS unlike ethylene, and to liberate free ethylene during an incubation period. It was thus possible that an C2H4-like double bond within allyl compounds can act to promote seed germination.
Correlation between vacancy formation and Σ3 grain boundary structures in nickel from atomistic simulations

Abstract Atomistic simulations based on energy minimisation method were employed to compute the structural and defect properties of the symmetric and asymmetric Ni tilt grain boundaries (GBs). The GB structures have been investigated in terms of global GB metrics (GB energy, excess volume) and at the atomic-scale analysis (atomic site energy, binding energy and displacement field of vacancies). The GB properties are treated by the notion of the plane inclination angle between the two symmetric tilt grain boundaries: coherent twin boundary and symmetric incoherent twin boundary configurations. We observed correlations: (i) between the GB energy and the net expansion at the boundary and (ii) between the vacancy properties and GB energetics. We identified that the GB sink efficiency character, which reflects the defect absorption capacity, can be influenced by the GB energy. The minimum defect formation energy in each GB tends to decrease with increasing grain boundary energy. In addition, energetic and structural analyses are linked together to characterise vacancies segregation as a function of the defect location within the GB interface. Our results show a non-symmetric trend especially near the GB plane between the vacancy binding energy and the displacement field generated around the vacancy core. However, the distribution between the binding energy and the displacement field of a vacancy permits to identify whether the atomic relaxations around the GB-defect site are isotropic or anisotropic.
Agonistic interactions and their implications for parasitoid species coexistence

When 2 species exploit the same limiting resource, interspecific competition may lead to the exclusion of one of them. For the 2 species to coexist, resource exploitation strategies exhibited by both species must somehow counterbalance each other. Eupelmus vuilleti and Dinarmus basalis are 2 solitary parasitoid species exploiting the same hosts (larvae and pupae of Callosobruchus maculatus) in sub-Saharan Africa. They display different strategies when in indirect (exploitative) competition situations: D. basalis females tend to avoid multiparasitism, whereas E. vuilleti females tend to accept parasitized hosts. Therefore, E. vuilleti seems dominant and potentially able to exclude D. basalis. Thus, how can D. basalis persists when in sympatry with E. vuilleti? Here, we studied the strategies adopted by females of either species when in direct (interference) competition. We investigated the effect of certain factors affecting females' competitive abilities or the value that they place on the resource such as female size, female physiological state (egg load), the quality of the habitat previously encountered by females (rich or poor in hosts), and the ownership status. This study revealed that D. basalis females tended to outcompete E. vuilleti females when competing for a given host. They were more aggressive and won most contests, whereas E. vuilleti females only won contests when being an owner with a high egg load or when having experienced high host availability. Thus, both species seem to show counterbalancing strategies when in exploitative and interference competition, which could promote their coexistence in nature. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.
Fish functional design and swimming performance

Classifications of fish swimming are reviewed as a prelude to discussing functional design and performance in an ecological.context. Webb (1984a, 1998) classified fishes based on body shape and locomotor mode into three basic categories: body and caudal fin (BCF) periodic, BCF transient (fast-starts, turns) and median and paired fin (MPF) swimmers. Swimming performance and functional design is discussed for each of these categories. Webb hypothesized that specialization in any given category would limit performance in any other. For example, routine MPF swimmers should be penalized in BCF transient (fast-start propulsion). Recent studies offer much support for Webb's construct but also suggest some necessary amendments. In particular, design and performance compromises for different swimming modes are associated with fish that employ the same propulsor for more than one task (coupled, e.g. the same propulsor for routine steady swimming and fist-starts). For example, pike (BCF transient specialist) achieve better acceleration performance than trout (generalist). Pike steady (BCF periodic) performance, however, is inferior to that of trout. Fish that employ different propulsors for different tasks (decoupled, e.g. MPF propulsion for low-speed routine swimming and BCF motions for fast-starts) do not show serious performance compromises. For example, certain MPF low-speed swimmers show comparable fast-start performance to BCF forms. Arguably, the evolution of decoupled locomotor systems was a major factor underlying the adaptive radiation of teleosts. Low-speed routine propulsion releases MPF swimmers from the morphological constraints imposed by streamlining allowing for a high degree of variability in form. This contrasts with BCF periodic swimming specialists where representatives of four vertebrate classes show evolutionary convergence on a single, optimal 'thunniform' design. However, recent experimental studies on the comparative performance of carangiform and thunniform swimmers contradict some of the predictions of hydromechanical models. This is addressed in regard to the swimming performance, energetics and muscle physiology of tuna. The concept of gait is reviewed in the context of coupled and decoupled locomotor systems. Biomimetic approaches to the development of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles have given a ness context and impetus to research and this is discussed in relation to current views of fish functional design and sustaining performance. Suggestions are made for possible future research directions.
Comparison of Asparagus Cultivars during Storage

,2 , and J. Motes 3 Additional index words. Asparagus officinalis, postharvest Summary. Four asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) cultivars, UC 157, Syn 4-56, Mary Washington, and Viking KB3, were stored at 2C, and their quality was evaluated during 3 weeks of storage, There were no cultivar differences in respiration, weight gain, or soluble solids concentration initially or after storage. After 3 weeks of storage, the cultivars UC and S4 were more vividly green and less seedy than MW or VK, but UC exhibited slight to moderate chilling injury. Spears of S4 and VK had better overall appearance than MW or UC.
OCTOPUS: an open cosmogenic isotope and luminescence database

Abstract. We present a database of cosmogenic radionuclide and luminescence measurements in fluvial sediment. With support from the Australian National Data Service (ANDS) we have built infrastructure for hosting and maintaining the data at the University of Wollongong and making this available to the research community via an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)-compliant web service. The cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) part of the database consists of 10Be and 26Al measurements in modern fluvial sediment samples from across the globe, along with ancillary geospatial vector and raster layers, including sample site, basin outline, digital elevation model, gradient raster, flow-direction and flow-accumulation rasters, atmospheric pressure raster, and CRN production scaling and topographic shielding factor rasters. Sample metadata are comprehensive and include all necessary information for the recalculation of denudation rates using CAIRN, an open-source program for calculating basin-wide denudation rates from 10Be and 26Al data. Further all data have been recalculated and harmonised using the same program. The luminescence part of the database consists of thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements in fluvial sediment samples from stratigraphic sections and sediment cores from across the Australian continent and includes ancillary vector and raster geospatial data. The database can be interrogated and downloaded via a custom-built web map service. More advanced interrogation and exporting to various data formats, including the ESRI Shapefile and Google Earth's KML, is also possible via the Web Feature Service (WFS) capability running on the OCTOPUS server. Use of open standards also ensures that data layers are visible to other OGC-compliant data-sharing services. OCTOPUS and its associated data curation framework provide the opportunity for researchers to reuse previously published but otherwise unusable CRN and luminescence data. This delivers the potential to harness old but valuable data that would otherwise be lost to the research community. OCTOPUS can be accessed at https://earth.uow. edu.au (last access: 28 November 2018). The individual data collections can also be accessed via the following DOIs: https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5a8367feac9b2 (CRN International), https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5a836cdfac9b5 (CRN Australia), and https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5a836db1ac9b6 (OSL & TL Australia).
Introgression of Striga Resistance Genes into a Sudanese Sorghum Cultivar, Tabat, Using Marker Assisted Selection (MAS)

Resistant crop cultivars provide the most economical, practical and sustainable method of Striga control. However, the development of resistant sorghum cultivars slowed by the complexity of the environment and the host/parasite interactions, which made field resistance erratic and unreliable. Recent adventure of molecular markers to tag gene(s) that confer important traits offers new hope for Striga control. Significant progress has been made to identify molecular markers linked to Striga resistance in sorghum variety, N13. Five genomic regions (QTLs) associated with Striga resistance were identified. Flanking simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers to each QTL were also identified and made available. The aim of this study was to transfer Striga resistance from, N13 to an elite farmer preferred sorghum cultivar, Tabat. Generations of F1, BC1F1, BC1S1 and BC2F1 populations were developed. F1 and BC1F1 generations were first genotyped and progenies with two or more QTLs were backcrossed to generate BC1F1 and BC2F1, respectively. BC2F1 were further genotyped and progenies with two different QTLs were intercrossed for foreground selection. BC2F1 progenies were selfed to generate BC2S1, BC2S2 population. 19 progenies, BC1S1, with Striga resistance QTLs were tested in Striga artificial infested plots. Progenies with the two or more QTLs showed high levels of Striga field resistance, confirming the effectiveness of marker assisted selection (MAS). Significant differences were observed among the progeny tested in the level of Striga resistance and other agronomical traits.
Terrestrial palynomorphs of the upper santonian‐? Lowest campanian milk river formation, Southern Alberta, Canada

Abstract The Milk River Formation, a prograding clastic wedge, outcrops in a limited area of southern Alberta, Canada. The indicated age of the formation is latest Santonian to possibly earliest Campanian; its upper contact with the Pakowki Formation is unconformable. The unit is comprised of three members: Telegraph Creek, Virgelle and Deadhorse Coulee. All three members yielded well‐preserved terrestrial palynomorphs. The assemblages characterizing the formation contain an abundance of species, with Accuratipollis lactifluminis sp. nov., Brevimono‐sulcites corrugatus and Callialasporites dampieri being the more common characteristic types. Eighteen new species are described including: Accuratipollis lactifluminis, Annulispora salsa, Integricorpus scopulensis, Cupanieidites terrestris, Cupuliferoidaepollenites quietus, Diptycha badlandensis, Echinatisporis Solaris, Enzonalasporites bojatus, Erdtmanipollis circulifer, Hedlundisporites tricrassus, Leptolepidites crepitus, Mica hoodooensis, Monosulcites riparius, Periretisyncolpites chinookensis, Perotrilites monstrum, Satishia nigra, Trilobapollis laudabilis and Triquitrites absurdus. Seven new combinations are proposed including: Echinatisporis caudata (Krasnova), Foraminisporis simiscalaris (Paden Phillips & Felix), Integricorpus kokufuense (Takahashi & Shimono), Integricorpus protrusum (Takahashi & Shimono), Integricorpus teretes (Zhou & Wang), Zlivisporis cenomanianus (Agasie), and Zlivisporis simplex (Cookson & Dettmann). A new name, Tsugaepollenites stelmakii, is proposed.
Effect of Pre-Cooling on Post Harvest Life of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) CV. Kesar

An experiment was carried out to study effect of pre-cooling on post harvest life of mango cv. Kesar at the Post Graduate Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The results of the study indicated that mango fruits treated with different pre-cooling treatment showed lower and slower rate in physical and chemical changes than control fruits. The fruits treated with pre-cooling at 8oC for 8 hr proved to be most effective with respect to more number of days taken to ripe (11.50), longer shelf life (17.49 days), lower spoilage (20.55 %) and higher percentage of marketable fruits (55.48 %) and recorded less physiological loss in weight (21.59 %) and more firmness of fruits (0.79 kg cm -2 ) at 20 th days after storage. The treatment was also found promising for slower increase in TSS, reducing sugar and total sugar, while slower decrease in ascorbic acid and acidity during storage. The organoleptic rating with regard to colour, taste and overall acceptability was also found significantly higher in pre-cooling at 8oC for 8 hr treated fruits.
EFFECTS OF THERMAL RADIATION ON THE SOUND WAVE PROPAGATION IN A GAS-PARTICLE TWO-PHASE MEDIUM

A study is made of the sound wave propagation through a radiating gas medium that contains solid particles in suspension. The relaxation models are introduced to describe the temporal momentum and thermal nonequilibrium interactions between gas and particles. The gray gas differential approximation is used for radiation. It is found that the radiation induces the attenuation mode, the position of which is varied with the absorption coefficient in addition to the immovable mode by suspended particles. The attenuation because of radiation is greatly influenced by the absorption coefficient of the radiative medium while the dispersion remains almost unchanged. As the absorption coefficient increases, the attenuation mode because of radiation shifts to the higher frequency zone. This radiation effect is significantly reduced as the particle mass loading increases, since the convection becomes much more dominant.