Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19Quarantine on Low Back Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Associated Risk Factors among Adult Citizens Residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia): A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aimed to estimate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine on low back pain (LBP) intensity, prevalence, and associated risk factors among adults in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). A total of 463 adults (259 males and 204 females) aged between 18 and 64 years and residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered structured questionnaire composed of 20 questions regarding demographic characteristics, work- and academic-related aspects, physical activity (PA), daily habits and tasks, and pain-related aspects was used. The LBP point prevalence before the quarantine was 38.8%, and 43.8% after the quarantine. The LBP intensity significantly increased during the quarantine. The low back was also the most common musculoskeletal pain area. Furthermore, during the quarantine, a significantly higher LBP intensity was reported by those individuals who (a) were aged between 35 and 49 years old, (b) had a body mass index equal to or exceeding 30, (c) underwent higher levels of stress, (d) did not comply with the ergonomic recommendations, (e) were sitting for long periods, (f) did not practice enough physical activity (PA), and (g) underwent teleworking or distance learning. No significant differences were found between genders. The COVID-19 quarantine resulted in a significant increase in LBP intensity, point prevalence, and most associated risk factors.
Screening Thresholds for the Corneal Tomography in Hyperopic Pakistani Population.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate key corneal tomography parameters for screening mixed astigmatism and hyperopic males and females for refractive surgery and to compare the data to a previously studied myopic group in Pakistani population. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional, observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology AFIO, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from August 2013 to August 2018. METHODOLOGY WaveLight Allegro Oculyzer II diagnostic device was used to examine eyes of 106 adult hyperopic patients in order to determine normal values of 20 parameters, which are considered most clinically applicable for refractive surgery screening. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate normality of data. Results for outliers were displayed as 2.5%, 5%, 95% and 97.5% percentiles. RESULTS Two hundred and nine eyes were examined; 110 men and 99 women with overall mean age of 31+11.7 years. Normal mean anterior segment values included: flat simulated keratometry (K1) 42.1±1.84 diopters (D), steep K2 43.8 ± 1.93 D, K maximum 44.4 ± 1.93 D, K mean 42.9 ± 1.75 D, astigmatism -1.3 ± 1.75 D, pachymetry at thinnest point 546.9 ± 33.3 um, front elevation at thinnest point 5.2 ± 3.47 um, and at the back was 14.1 ± 6.60 um, Ambrosio relational thickness maximum 472.0 ± 88.73, progression index (PI) maximum 1.2 ± 0.18, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) 2.7 ± 0.35 mm. CONCLUSION Hyperopic patients had greater front and back elevation and pachymetry but lesser keratometry, anterior chamber depth and chamber volume as compared to myopic patients in Pakistani population. Front and back elevation data in this hyperopic study population was slightly higher than previously published studies. Key Words: Refractive surgery, Corneal tomography, Screening, Hyperope.
Role of Tunneling Nanotube–like Structures during the Early Events of HIV Infection: Novel Features of Tissue Compartmentalization and Mechanism of HIV Spread

Key Points HIV seeding occurs early in different tissues and anatomical sites. HIV tissue spread is cell type–, tissue-, and ART-dependent. HIV uses tunneling nanotube–like structures to infect neighboring cells. Visual Abstract HIV has become a chronic disease despite the effective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the mechanisms of tissue colonization, viral evolution, generation of viral reservoirs, and compartmentalization are still a matter of debate due to the challenges involved in examining early events of infection at the cellular and molecular level. Thus, there is still an urgent need to explore these areas to develop effective HIV cure strategies. In this study, we describe the early events of tissue colonization and compartmentalization as well as the role of tunneling nanotube–like structures during viral spread in the presence and absence of effective antiretroviral treatment. To examine these mechanisms, NOD/SCID IL-2 RG−/− humanized mice were either directly infected with HIVADA or with low numbers of HIVADA–infected leukocytes to limit tissue colonization in the presence and absence of TAK779, an effective CCR5 blocker of HIV entry. We identify that viral seeding in tissues occurs early in a tissue- and cell type–specific manner (24–72 h). Reduction in systemic HIV replication by TAK779 treatment did not affect tissue seeding or spreading, despite reduced systemic viral replication. Tissue-associated HIV-infected cells had different properties than cells in the circulation because the virus continues to spread in tissues in a tunneling nanotube–like structure–dependent manner, despite ART. Thus, understanding these mechanisms can provide new approaches to enhance the efficacy of existing ART and HIV infection cure strategies.
Self-Reported Urologic Hospitalizations or Emergency Room Visits in a Contemporary Spinal Cord Injury Cohort.

PURPOSE Individuals with SCI frequently utilize urgent and emergent medical care. We hypothesized that urologic causes are a primary driver of hospitalizations/ER visits in a contemporary SCI cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Neurogenic Bladder Research Group SCI registry is a prospective cohort study, evaluating neurogenic bladder-related quality of life after traumatic SCI. Questionnaires were administered to participants querying whether a hospitalization or ER visit occurred during the interval one year follow-up, and reason for visit. Primary outcome was the rate of urologic related hospitalizations/ER visits over one year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for urologic related hospitalization/ER visit. RESULTS Of the 1479 participants enrolled, 1260 had one-year follow up. Fourteen percent (211/1260) reported at least one urologic hospitalization/ER visit and UTIs were the most common reason cited. Patients with an indwelling catheter had the greatest odds of having a hospitalization/ER episode for a urologic indication (OR=3.35, CI:1.68-6.67, p=0.001), followed by CIC (OR=2.56, CI:1.36-4.84, p=0.004) as compared to those who voided spontaneously. Other predictors included SF-12 physical scores (OR=0.98, CI:0.96-0.996, p=0.014), diminished hand function (OR=1.83, CI:1.05-3.19, p=0.033), and unemployment (OR=1.64, CI:1.13-2.37, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS There was a high incidence of hospitalizations/ER visits for SCI patients over a one-year follow-up and urologic complications were the most common reason for admission. Patient self-reported physical health as well as unemployment, and bladder management strategy, particularly indwelling catheter use, were associated with increased risk of urologic related hospitalization/ER visits.
Clinical and molecular characteristics of carbapenem non-susceptible Escherichia coli: A nationwide survey from Oman

The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in the Arabian Peninsula is predicted to be high, as suggested from published case reports. Of particular concern, is carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CR-EC), due to the importance of this species as a community pathogen. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive molecular characterization of putative CR-EC strains from Oman. We aim to establish a baseline for future molecular monitoring. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for 35 putative CR-EC. Isolates were obtained from patients at multiple centers in 2015. Genetic relatedness was investigated using several typing approaches such as MLST, SNP calling, phylogroup and CRISPR typing. Maxiuium likelihood SNP-tree was performed by RAxML after variant calling and removal of recombination regions with Snippy and Gubbins, respectively. Resistance genes, plasmid replicon types, virulence genes, and prophage were also characterised. The online databases CGE, CRISPRcasFinder, Phaster and EnteroBase were used for the in silico analyses. Screening for mutations in genes regulating the expression of porins and efflux pump as well as mutations lead to fluoroquinolones resistance were performed with CLC Genomics Workbench. The genetic diversity suggests a polyclonal population structure with 21 sequence types (ST), of which ST38 being the most prevalent (11%). SNPs analysis revealed possible transmission episodes. Whereas, CRISPR typing helped to spot outlier strains belonged to phylogroups other than B2 which was CRISPR-free. The virulent phylogroups B2 and D were detected in 4 and 9 isolates, respectively. In some strains bacteriophages acted as vectors for virulence genes. Regarding resistance to β-lactam, 22 were carbapenemase producers, 3 carbapenem non-susceptible but carbapenemase-negative, 9 resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and one isolate with susceptibility to cephalosporins and carbapenems. Thirteen out of the 22 (59%) carbapenemase-producing isolates were NDM and 7 (23%) were OXA-48-like which mirrors the situation in Indian subcontinent. Two isolates co-produced NDM and OXA-48-like enzymes. In total, 80% (28/35) were CTX-M-15 producers and 23% (8/35) featured AmpC. The high-risk subclones ST131-H30Rx/C2, ST410-H24RxC and ST1193-H64RxC were detected, the latter associated with NDM. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ST1193-H64Rx subclone with NDM. In conclusion, strains showed polyclonal population structure with OXA-48 and NDM as the only carbapenemases in CR-EC from Oman. We detected the high-risk subclone ST131-H30Rx/C2, ST410-H24RxC and ST1193-H64RxC. The latter was reported with carbapenemase gene for the first time here.
Structural and functional insights into Archaeoglobus fulgidus m2G10 tRNA methyltransferase Trm11 and its Trm112 activator

Abstract tRNAs play a central role during the translation process and are heavily post-transcriptionally modified to ensure optimal and faithful mRNA decoding. These epitranscriptomics marks are added by largely conserved proteins and defects in the function of some of these enzymes are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders and cancers. Here, we focus on the Trm11 enzyme, which forms N2-methylguanosine (m2G) at position 10 of several tRNAs in both archaea and eukaryotes. While eukaryotic Trm11 enzyme is only active as a complex with Trm112, an allosteric activator of methyltransferases modifying factors (RNAs and proteins) involved in mRNA translation, former studies have shown that some archaeal Trm11 proteins are active on their own. As these studies were performed on Trm11 enzymes originating from archaeal organisms lacking TRM112 gene, we have characterized Trm11 (AfTrm11) from the Archaeoglobus fulgidus archaeon, which genome encodes for a Trm112 protein (AfTrm112). We show that AfTrm11 interacts directly with AfTrm112 similarly to eukaryotic enzymes and that although AfTrm11 is active as a single protein, its enzymatic activity is strongly enhanced by AfTrm112. We finally describe the first crystal structures of the AfTrm11-Trm112 complex and of Trm11, alone or bound to the methyltransferase inhibitor sinefungin.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC BASED COMPOST TEAS ON PEPINO (SOLANUM MURICATUM) GROWTH IN ORGANIC CULTURE

1. ABSTRACT Compost tea, in modern terminology is a compost extract, plant extracts, liquid manures and compost teas can be further understood in the context of their influences on the rhizosphere and phyllosphere. Also,manure and compost tea production is a brewing process that extracts microorganisms from compost or manure followed by microbial growth and multiplication including beneficial bacteria and fungi. To find out the effects of organic based compost teas on some vegetative traits including the height of stem before the appear of first flower, number of leaf before the first flower was appear and reproductive traits like The number of flower per bush, the number of day to flowering in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. organic based compost teas treatments include 4 levels namely chicken manuare tea,cow manuare tea,sheep manuare tea and vermicompost tea and no fertilization (control). results showed that organic based compost teas exerted a significant effect on the number of leaf before the appear of first flower and number of flower per bush. Sheep manuare tea treatment showed a highest effect than other treatments on the number of flower and mean number of leaf per bush before flowering and promote the flowering, fruit set and fruit ripening.
Temperature effects on metabolic scaling of a keystone freshwater crustacean depend on fish-predation regime

ABSTRACT According to the metabolic theory of ecology, metabolic rate, an important indicator of the pace of life, varies with body mass and temperature as a result of internal physical constraints. However, various ecological factors may also affect metabolic rate and its scaling with body mass. Although reports of such effects on metabolic scaling usually focus on single factors, the possibility of significant interactive effects between multiple factors requires further study. In this study, we show that the effect of temperature on the ontogenetic scaling of resting metabolic rate of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus minus depends critically on habitat differences in predation regime. Increasing temperature tends to cause decreases in the metabolic scaling exponent (slope) in population samples from springs with fish predators, but increases in population samples from springs without fish. Accordingly, the temperature sensitivity of metabolic rate is not only size-specific, but also its relationship to body size shifts dramatically in response to fish predators. We hypothesize that the dampened effect of temperature on the metabolic rate of large adults in springs with fish, and of small juveniles in springs without fish are adaptive evolutionary responses to differences in the relative mortality risk of adults and juveniles in springs with versus without fish predators. Our results demonstrate a complex interaction among metabolic rate, body mass, temperature and predation regime. The intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature is not merely the result of physical constraints related to internal body design and biochemical kinetics, but rather is ecologically sensitive and evolutionarily malleable. Highlighted Article: The metabolic pace of life of a species relates not only to body mass and temperature, but also to predation regime and the interactive effects of all three of these factors.
Electrografting of 4-Carboxybenzenediazonium on Glassy Carbon Electrode: The Effect of Concentration on the Formation of Mono and Multilayers

Grafting of electrodes with diazonium salts using cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a well-established procedure for surface modification. However, little is known about the effect of the concentration of the diazonium salt on the number of layers grafted on the electrode surface. In this work, the impact of concentration on the grafting of 4-carboxybenzenediazonium (4-CBD) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is elucidated. The number of layers grafted on the GCE was linearly dependent on the concentration of 4-CBD and varied between 0.9 and 4.3 when the concentration was varied between 0.050 and 0.30 mmol/L at 0.10 V.s−1. Characterization of modified glassy carbon surface with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the grafting of carboxyphenyl layer on the surface. Grafting with 0.15 mmol/L 4-CBD (1 CV cycle) did not form a detectable amount of carboxyphenyl (CP) moieties at the surface, while a single scan with higher concentration (2.5 mmol/L) or multiple scans (22 cycles) gave detectable signals, indicating formation of multilayers. We also demonstrate the possibility of removing the thin layer grafted on a glassy carbon electrode by applying high oxidation potential +1.40 V.
Essential Oil Compositions of Three Invasive Conyza Species Collected in Vietnam and Their Larvicidal Activities against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus

Mosquito-borne infectious diseases are a persistent problem in tropical regions of the world, including Southeast Asia. Vector control has relied principally on synthetic insecticides, but these have detrimental environmental effects and there is an increasing demand for plant-based agents to control insect pests. Invasive weedy plant species may be able to serve as readily available sources of essential oils, some of which may be useful as larvicidal agents for control of mosquito populations. We hypothesize that members of the genus Conyza (Asteraceae) may produce essential oils that may have mosquito larvicidal properties. The essential oils from the aerial parts of Conyza bonariensis, C. canadensis, and C. sumatrensis were obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and screened for mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. The essential oils of C. canadensis and C. sumatrensis, both rich in limonene (41.5% and 25.5%, respectively), showed notable larvicidal activities against Ae. aegypti (24-h LC50 = 9.80 and 21.7 μg/mL, respectively) and Ae. albopictus (24-h LC50 = 18.0 and 19.1 μg/mL, respectively). These two Conyza species may, therefore, serve as sources for alternative, environmentally-benign larvicidal control agents.
Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Particle Size on Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) produce local effects on upper airway dilators that could increase the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Given that the particle size of ICS changes their distribution, the particle size of ICS may impact the risk of developing OSA. Objectives: In this large retrospective study, we explore the relationship of ICS use and OSA in patients with asthma. In addition, we seek to determine if this relationship is affected by the particle size of ICS. Methods: Using electronic health records, we established a cohort of 29,816 asthmatics aged 12 and older with a diagnosis of asthma documented by ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes between January 2011 and August 2016. We performed analyses of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the effects ICS on the diagnosis of OSA with sub-analysis by particle size of ICS. Results: Uncontrolled asthmatics showed increased odds of receiving a diagnosis of OSA whether when looking at ACT scores (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.60, 95% CI 1.32–1.94) or PFT results (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.19–1.77). Users of ICS also had increased odds of OSA independent of asthma control (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.47–1.70). Notably, users of extra-fine particle ICS did not have significantly increased odds of having OSA compared to non-users of ICS (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 0.78–1.58). Conclusions: Use of ICS appears to be an independent risk factor for OSA. Notably, extra-fine particle size ICS do not appear to be associated with an increased risk of OSA.
Quantitative systematic review: Sources of inaccuracy in manually measured adult respiratory rate data

Abstract Aims To identify the potential sources of inaccuracy in manually measured adult respiratory rate (RR) data and quantify their effects. Design Quantitative systematic review with meta‐analyses where appropriate. Data Sources Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library (from database inception to 31 July 2019). Review Methods Studies presenting data on individual sources of inaccuracy in the manual measurement of adult RR were analysed, assessed for quality, and grouped according to the source of inaccuracy investigated. Quantitative data were extracted and synthesized and meta‐analyses performed where appropriate. Results Included studies (N = 49) identified five sources of inaccuracy. The awareness effect creates an artefactual reduction in actual RR, and observation methods involving shorter counts cause systematic underscoring. Individual RR measurements can differ substantially in either direction between observations due to inter‐ or intra‐observer variability. Value bias, where particular RRs are over‐represented (suggesting estimation), is a widespread problem. Recording omission is also widespread, with higher average rates in inpatient versus triage/admission contexts. Conclusion This review demonstrates that manually measured RR data are subject to several potential sources of inaccuracy. Impact RR is an important indicator of clinical deterioration and commonly included in track‐and‐trigger systems. However, the usefulness of RR data depends on the accuracy of the observations and documentation, which are subject to five potential sources of inaccuracy identified in this review. A single measurement may be affected by several factors. Hence, clinicians should interpret recorded RR data cautiously unless systems are in place to ensure its accuracy. For nurses, this includes counting rather than estimating RRs, employing 60‐s counts whenever possible, ensuring patients are unaware that their RR is being measured, and documenting the resulting value. For any given site, interventions to improve measurement should take into account the local organizational and cultural context, available resources, and the specific measurement issues that need to be addressed.
Estimation of the second ventilatory threshold through ventricular repolarization profile analysis

Under the hypothesis that sympathetic control of ventricular repolarization may change once the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) has been reached, a novel methodology for non‐invasive VT2 estimation based on the analysis of the T wave from the electrocardiogram (ECG) is proposed, and potential underlying physiological mechanisms are suggested. 25 volunteers (33.4 ± 5.2 years) underwent an incremental power cycle ergometer test (25 W/minute). During the test, respiratory gas exchange and multi‐lead ECG were acquired. The former was employed to determine VT2, used here as a reference, whereas the latter was used to compute the temporal profiles of an index of ventricular repolarization instability (dT) and its low‐frequency (LF) oscillations (LFdT). The sudden increases observed in dT and LFdT profiles above an established heart rate threshold were employed to derive VT2 estimates, referred to as VT2dT and VT2LFdT, respectively. Estimation errors of −4.7 ± 25.2 W were obtained when considering VT2dT. Errors were lower than the one‐minute power increment of 25 W in 68% of the subjects and lower than 50 W in 89.5% of them. When using VT2LFdT, estimation error was of 15.3 ± 32.4 W. Most of the subjects shared common characteristic dT and LFdT profiles, which could be reflecting changes in the autonomic control of ventricular repolarization before and after reaching VT2. The analysis of ventricular repolarization dynamics during exercise allows non‐invasive ECG‐based estimation of VT2, possibly in relation to changes in the autonomic control of ventricular electrical activity when VT2 is reached.