Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of colon and rectum cancer: survival and prognostic factors

Aim : This study aims to investigate some clinical and pathologic factors associated with the prognosis of patients with colon and rectum cancers separately. Background : Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer of the digestive system and also the fourth cause of cancer-related deaths around the world. Different studies indicate that survival of patients with colorectal cancer has improved in some areas of the world. However, it remains unclear which factors are involved in this improvement. Patients and methods : Data for 1194 patients with colorectal cancer registered in the Cancer Registry Center of the Research Center of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were used in this study. Data analysis was performed using competing risks model. Software used for data analysis included STATA, Version11, and significance level was regarded as p Results : Body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, tumor site, inflammatory bowel disease, metastasis to lymph nodes and distant metastasis had a significant effect on death from colon cancer, while body mass index, distant metastasis and type of the first treatment had a significant effect (p Conclusion : According to the results of this study, some variables may have a different impact on colon and rectum carcinoma; therefore, the effects of these factors on different parts of the large bowel must be considered separately in future studies.
RENTAL MARKETS AND WEALTH INEQUALITY IN THE EURO-AREA

In this paper we argue that a country's level of wealth inequality can be viewed as a reflection of the quality of its rental market for housing. Using the ECB's Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), we document that the aggregate homeownership rate and various measures of wealth inequality are negatively correlated across Euro Area countries. Empirically, this relationship is driven by the fact that in countries with lower homeownership rates a larger fraction of households only hold very low amounts of wealth. We show that a simple wedge in the rental market can explain the qualitative features of the data using a general-equilibrium life-cycle model of household investment and consumption. A larger wedge incentivizes households to save more at a young age in order to make a down payment and buy a house. This leads not only to a higher homeownership rate but also overall fewer households with low wealth, decreasing cross-sectional wealth inequality. Quantitatively, our model explains around 80\% of the variation in wealth inequality seen in the data, where rental market inefficiencies alone can explain around 50\%. We show that the welfare losses associated with the rental market wedges identified by our model can be substantial. are in
Effects of Dietary Probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) on Hematology, Blood Biochemistry and Lipid Profile of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Toxicity in Rats

Exposure to carbon tetrachloride induces acute and chronic hepatic injuries as well as renal injuries in rats. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus)onhematology, blood biochemistry and lipid profile of healthy rat, also the protective roleagainst carbon tetrachloride -induced toxicity in albino rat.Four groups with ten rats each group were used for this purpose; these groups included the control vehicle group that received saline daily for 30 days,probiotic group (0.009x10CFU/ gram of rat body weightorally)daily for 30 days;carbon tetrachloride group (2.5ml/kg intraperitoneally twice per week for three week;the probiotic –carbon tetrachloride group. The results revealed thatcarbon tetrachloride significantly increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and creatinine. In addition, there were substantial increase in lipidperoxidation (malondialdehyde),white blood cell, packed cell volume and level of glucose with significant decreases in albumin, total protein, creatinine kinase,hemoglobin and red blood cells.Carbon tetrachloride also caused histological changes in liver, kidney and spleen tissues. However, administration of probiotic ameliorated the carbon tetrachloride induced liver and kidney damage with improved hematological, lipid profile and glucose level.
BONN LECTURES

1. Definitions related to étale φ-modules and étale (φ,Γ)-modules 1 1.1. Rings 1 1.2. Coefficients 3 1.3. φ-modules, Breuil–Kisin(–Fargues) modules, (φ,Γ)-modules, and Galois representations 5 1.4. Almost Galois descent 6 2. Moduli stacks of φ-modules 7 2.1. Results of Pappas–Rapoport 7 2.2. Scheme-theoretic images 10 3. Stacks of (φ,Γ)-modules 11 3.1. Moduli stacks of (φ,Γ)-modules 11 3.2. Weak Wach modules 13 3.3. Xd is an Ind-algebraic stack 14 4. Crystalline and semistable moduli stacks 16 4.1. Breuil–Kisin–Fargues modules admitting all descents 16 4.2. Definition of the crystalline and semistable stacks 18 4.3. Potentially semistable and potentially crystalline moduli stacks with fixed Hodge–Tate weights 19 4.4. Canonical actions 21 5. Geometric Breuil–Mézard 23 5.1. The irreducible components of Xd,red 23 5.2. The qualitative geometric Breuil–Mézard conjecture 24 5.3. The relationship between the numerical, refined and geometric Breuil–Mézard conjectures 25 5.4. The weight part of Serre’s conjecture 26 References 26
Radiotherapy in combination with hyperthermia suppresses lung cancer progression via increased NR4A3 and KLF11 expression

Abstract Purpose: Hyperthermia (HT), a clinical treatment involving delivery of heat to tumors, has been used in combination with traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy to enhance their effects. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the high efficacy of combination therapy is not clear. This study was conducted to identify the molecular mechanism underlying the sensitization of lung cancer to radiotherapy by HT. Materials and methods: Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3 (NR4A3) and Krüppel-like factor 11 (KLF11) expression in non-small-cell lung cancer cells was confirmed by performing real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed via a colony-forming assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Results and conclusions: Expression profile analysis revealed elevated levels of NR4A3 and KLF11 in A549 lung cancer cells after treatment with HT combined with radiation. We also confirmed that NR4A3 and KLF11 induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation by elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Knockdown of NR4A3 or KLF11 using siRNA led to decreased effects of radiohyperthermia. Finally, the effect of these two factors on lung cancer progression was evaluated by in vivo xenograft studies. Taken together, the results suggest that NR4A3 and KLF11 are critical for increasing the efficacy of radiotherapy in combination with HT.
Robust Algorithms for Online k-means Clustering

In the online version of the classic k-means clustering problem, the points of a dataset u1, u2, . arrive one after another in an arbitrary order. When the algorithm sees a point, it should either add it to the set of centers, or let go of the point. Once added, a center cannot be removed. The goal is to end up with set of roughly k centers, while competing in k-means objective value with the best set of k centers in hindsight. Online versions of k-means and other clustering problem have received significant attention in the literature. The key idea in many algorithms is that of adaptive sampling: when a new point arrives, it is added to the set of centers with a probability that depends on the distance to the centers chosen so far. Our contributions are as follows: 1. We give a modified adaptive sampling procedure that obtains a better approximation ratio (improving it from logarithmic to constant). 2. Our main result is to show how to perform adaptive sampling when data has outliers ( k points that are potentially arbitrarily far from the actual data, thus rendering distance-based sampling prone to picking the outliers). 3. We also discuss lower bounds for k-means clustering in an online setting.
Population Dynamics of Introduced Flathead Catfish in Rivers of Southern Georgia

—The flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris is a widely successful invader of lotic ecosystems across North America. The ability of flathead catfish to grow quickly to large sizes while preying upon native fish has caused concern and spurred aggressive measures to control introduced populations in states like Georgia. Although studies have examined differences among native and introduced populations with respect to demographic factors such as age, growth, and mortality, little is known of introduced population dynamics over the long term. As a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the trajectory and fate of introduced flathead catfish populations, we examined temporal dynamics within some of the oldest (30+ years), introduced populations in the southeastern United States, those of the Flint River and Altamaha River systems of Georgia. Flathead catfish abundance (both density and biomass) was substantially (71–88%) lower among populations recently examined relative to historical observations. A comparison of modeled growth indicated that individual growth rates of flathead catfish were also lower among contemporary populations than among those previously observed. Monitoring of relative abundance over a 22-year period in the Altamaha River revealed a distinct and recurrent population boom and decline, suggesting that equilibrium abundance of flathead catfish has either not been reached or will remain dynamic in the future in this system. Changes in the population demographics of introduced populations occurred rapidly, within a matter of years, and represented striking shifts in the abundance of flathead catfish populations in southern Georgia. An investigation of factors associated with such dynamics and their ecological consequences remain important areas for future research. * Corresponding author: adam_kaeser@fws.gov 1 Present address: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Panama City Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 1601 Balboa Avenue, Panama City, Florida 32405, USA Introduction Among North American fish assemblages, the flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris is a formidable and potent invader (Fuller et al. 1999). The native distribution of the flathead catfish is extensive (Jackson 1999), indicating the species is adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. The flathead catfish is longlived (Kwak et al. 2006), has a varied diet (Quinn 1987; Weller and Robbins 1999; Pine et al. 2005), and has an extremely large gape (Slaughter and Jacobson 2008). At larger sizes (>500 mm), flathead catfish become predominantly piscivorous (Guier et al. 1981; Jolley and Irwin 2003; Pine et al. 2005), and adults are often the apex predators in a system. Because they are a popular sport fish, the flathead catfish has been widely introduced (Jackson 1999). In Georgia, flathead catfish are native only to the Coosa River system in northwestern Georgia but have been introduced into several other Georgia river systems. The earliest of these introductions occurred in the Flint River near Thomaston during
Grade 11 Students’ Proof Construction Ability in Relation to Classroom Resources

Despite proof being fundamental to the mathematics discipline and its role as a means to convey mathematical content, little is known about the effect of resources on influencing students’ proof construction ability. The purpose of this study was to compare two didactic environments, one regarded as resourced (favored) and the other under-resourced (disadvantaged), in relation to the construction of a mathematical proof. Motivated by the discrepancies in the literature on the influence of school resources on students’ performance and the unfortunately prevalent view that the sole function of proof in mathematics is verification by using confirmatory cases, this study sought to examine the differences (if any) between resourced and under-resourced classrooms in relation to students’ proof construction ability. To this end, data were drawn from a proof-related task performed by 78 Grade 11 students in the Ethekwini Metropolitan area, South Africa. A modified version of the Proof Construction Assessment tool showed that students in resourced schools significantly performed better than those in under-resourced schools in relation to proof construction. In addition, there was an observable and noticeable effect of this. Specifically, at an alpha = . 05, the t-test for independent means revealed a significant difference between the two groups, t(76) = 2.749, p < . 01, d = . 624 SD. The practical significance of the results emphasizes the importance of taking into account the role of resources when investigating the learning and teaching of proofs. Further, preliminary results also suggested that most students struggled to even begin to prove the proposition. Recommendations and implications for the students’ careers and future research are raised and discussed.
Nomophobia as the Predictor of Secondary School Students’ Smartphone Addiction

Smartphones have become an integral part of daily life for individuals of all age groups. When used consciously smartphones provide important benefits in many areas of life including education, otherwise, these tools bring serious negative consequences especially on children and youngsters. This study aims to determine the smartphone addiction and nomophobia levels of secondary school students, and to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and nomophobia besides some other demographic variables. 463 secondary school student participated in the study on a voluntary basis. In order to explore the smartphone addiction and prevalence of nomophobia among secondary school students “Personal Information Form” and “Nomophobia Scale” was employed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis techniques were utilized to analyze the data. Research findings revealed that 71% of the students did not consider themselves smartphone addicts, while 93% of them were nomophobic at different levels. Results revealed a moderate significant relationship between smartphone addiction and nomophobia, and nomophobia was the strongest predictor of smartphone addiction. Gender and school variables were among other predictors of smartphone addiction.
Pedestrian Crowd Detection and Segmentation using Multi-Source Feature Descriptors

Crowd analysis is receiving much attention from research community due to its widespread importance in public safety and security. In order to automatically understand crowd dynamics, it is imperative to detect and segment crowd from the background. Crowd detection and segmentation serve as pre-processing step in most crowd analysis applications, for example, crowd tracking, behavior understanding and anomaly detection. Intuitively, the crowd regions can be extracted using background modeling or using motion cues. However, these model accumulate many false positives when the crowd is static. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that automatically detects and segments crowd by integrating appearance features from multiple sources. We evaluate our proposed framework using challenging images with varying crowd densities, camera viewpoints and pedestrian appearances. From qualitative analysis, we observe that the proposed framework work perform well by precisely segmenting crowd in complex scenes.
Experimental Validation of Microwave Tomography with the DBIM-TwIST Algorithm for Brain Stroke Detection and Classification

We present an initial experimental validation of a microwave tomography (MWT) prototype for brain stroke detection and classification using the distorted Born iterative method, two-step iterative shrinkage thresholding (DBIM-TwIST) algorithm. The validation study consists of first preparing and characterizing gel phantoms which mimic the structure and the dielectric properties of a simplified brain model with a haemorrhagic or ischemic stroke target. Then, we measure the S-parameters of the phantoms in our experimental prototype and process the scattered signals from 0.5 to 2.5 GHz using the DBIM-TwIST algorithm to estimate the dielectric properties of the reconstruction domain. Our results demonstrate that we are able to detect the stroke target in scenarios where the initial guess of the inverse problem is only an approximation of the true experimental phantom. Moreover, the prototype can differentiate between haemorrhagic and ischemic strokes based on the estimation of their dielectric properties.
“Some Teachers Just Simply Care”: Respect in Urban Student-Teacher Relationships

Teachers are ethically obligated to care for their students. One overlooked means of demonstrating care is through respect. However, because respectful behaviors are culturally dependent, exploring experiences of respect from students of color is needed to provide insight into student-teacher relationships. To understand students’ experiences of respect from teachers in the school setting, we interviewed 12 adolescents and emerging adults of color (M age = 17, SD age = 1.81) who attended Urban schools, about their experiences of respect from their teachers. We deductively and inductively coded the interviews separately for definitions of respect and experiences of respect from teachers using six themes of respect. Ultimately, youth often defined respect as the golden rule and politeness. However, when discussing instances of respect with teachers, youth described teachers demonstrating care for students’ personal lives and academic success. Our findings suggest that students identify behaviors associated with care as respectful, which diverge from decontextualized definitions of respect. Policy changes should focus on promoting student-teacher relationships, focusing on culturally sensitive teaching and caring for students. Specifically, policy should support classroom level changes, such as the co-construction of respect expectations between students and teachers.
Mimicking the Catalytic Center for the Water-Splitting Reaction in Photosystem II

The oxygen‐evolving center (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII) of plants, algae and cyanobacteria is a unique natural catalyst that splits water into electrons, protons and dioxygen. The crystallographic studies of PSII have revealed that the OEC is an asymmetric Mn4CaO5‐cluster. The understanding of the structure‐function relationship of this natural Mn4CaO5‐cluster is impeded mainly due to the complexity of the protein environment and lack of a rational chemical model as a reference. Although it has been a great challenge for chemists to synthesize the OEC in the laboratory, significant advances have been achieved recently. Different artificial complexes have been reported, especially a series of artificial Mn4CaO4‐clusters that closely mimic both the geometric and electronic structures of the OEC in PSII, which provides a structurally well‐defined chemical model to investigate the structure‐function relationship of the natural Mn4CaO5‐cluster. The deep investigations on this artificial Mn4CaO4‐cluster could provide new insights into the mechanism of the water‐splitting reaction in natural photosynthesis and may help the development of efficient catalysts for the water‐splitting reaction in artificial photosynthesis.
Review and comparison of orthopaedic registries in the United States and Norway

The global rise in orthopaedic care coupled with increasing costs necessitates surgical auditing. Orthopaedic registries in the United States (US) and Norway survey data to discern practice differences and improve clinical decisions, but they have key distinctions. In this study, we elucidate the creation, growth, and clinical relevance of registries in the US and Norway, emphasizing distinguishing features and effects on orthopaedic practice. Registries were selected based on geographic representation, enrollment, and scholarly relevance. The databases surveyed were PubMed, MEDLINE, The Texas Medical Center Library, The University of Texas System Library, and Google Scholar. Registry reports, websites, and direct conversations with staff were also utilized. Twelve US and five Norwegian registries were studied. Norwegian registries began in 1987, publish more clinical practice changes than US registries, are federally mandated, and operate on the national level. US registries began in 1969, are fragmented, and not mandated. The majority of US and Norwegian registries gather level II and III data, while some report level IV data. Delayed US registry adoption is due to scale, patient identification, and a multi-payer system, impediments absent in Norway. Norwegian registries produce annual reports and publish clinical improvements in open journals. We recommend similar US registry accessibility to advance patient care. Additionally, we convey that the American Joint Replacement Registry is poised to become a prodigious national registry due to high demographic diversity, data volume, and potential to collect level IV elements. Overall, US orthopaedic practice may benefit by incorporating aspects of the Norwegian registry system.
Unobserved Individual and Firm Heterogeneity in Wage and Tenure Functions: Evidence from German Linked Employer-Employee Data

We estimate wage and job tenure functions that include individual and firm effects capturing time-invariant unobserved worker and firm heterogeneity using German linked employer-employee data (LIAB data set). We find that both types of heterogeneity are correlated to the observed characteristics and that it is therefore warranted to include individual and firm fixed effects in both the wage and the job tenure equation. We look into the correlation of the unobserved heterogeneity components with each other. We find that high-wage workers tend to be low-tenure workers, i.e. higher unobserved ability seems to be associated with higher job mobility. At firm level, there seems to be a trade-off between wages and job stability: High-wage firms tend to be low-tenure firms, which suggests that low job stability may be compensated by higher wages. High-wage workers seem to sort into low-wage/high-tenure firms. They seem to forgo some of their earnings potential in favour of higher job stability.
L-Arginase Immobilization on Chitosan Hydroxyapatite Complex: Effects of Immobilization Conditions

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malla Reddy College Of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, Telangana, India 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhaskar Pharmacy College, Moinabad, R.R. Disct. Hyderabad, Telangana, India 3 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Its Potential Therapeutic Role in Stroke Comorbidities

With the rise in the aging global population, stroke comorbidities have become a serious health threat and a tremendous economic burden on human society. Current therapeutic strategies mainly focus on protecting neurons from cytotoxic damage at the acute phase upon stroke onset, which not only is a difficult way to ameliorate stroke symptoms but also presents a challenge for the patients to receive effective treatment in time. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the adult brain, which possesses a remarkable capability to repair brain damage. Recent promising preclinical outcomes have made BDNF a popular late-stage target in the development of novel stroke treatments. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest progress in the understanding of the cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying stroke pathogenesis, current strategies and difficulties in drug development, the mechanism of BDNF action in poststroke neurorehabilitation and neuroplasticity, and recent updates in novel therapeutic methods.