Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retention of Aroma Compounds by Carbohydrates: Influence of Their Physicochemical Characteristics and of Their Physical State. A Review

Many aroma compounds, used to flavor food products, are used in a solid state, after encapsulation. Carbohydrates are the most common matrices used to entrap these volatiles. It has been observed that depending on the aroma compound and the carrier, efficiency can vary. This article reviews the influence of physicochemical properties of both the volatiles and the carriers on retention. The latter depends on the functional groups of the aroma compound. Moreover, it increases with molecular weight and decreases with the polarity and relative volatility of the aroma compound. This behavior can be explained by the effect of these properties on the diffusion of the aroma compound through the matrix and on the ability of the volatile to form small drops. The physicochemical properties of the carrier are important too. Retention of the aroma compound increases with the molecular weight of the carrier until an optimum is reached and then decreases for very high polymerization degrees. Viscosity, solubility, and film forming properties improve the retention ability. The effect of these parameters is discussed according to their effect on the diffusion of the volatiles. The state of the carrier has to be taken into account too. The amorphous state provides the highest retention, collapse results in losses of aroma, and crystallization leads to the greatest losses of flavors.
CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF AN INEXACT ACCELERATED STOCHASTIC ADMM WITH LARGER STEPSIZES

In this paper, we develop an inexact accelerated stochastic Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) for solving structured convex optimization problems with linear constraints. The objective function is the sum of a possibly nonsmooth convex function and a smooth convex function which is an average of many component convex functions. The proposed algorithm combines the ideas of both ADMM and the accelerated stochastic gradient method using variance reduction techniques, and the involved dual variables are updated twice with a larger stepsize region than the so-called (0 ; p 5+12 ) in the literature. To simplify computation of the possibly nonsmooth subproblem, we add a proper proximal term to transform this subproblem into a proximal mapping. With the aid of variational analysis, we show that the proposed stochastic algorithm converges in expectation with the worst-case O (1 =T ) convergence rate, where T denotes the number of outer iterations. Convergence rates of a special stochastic augmented Lagrange method and two 3-block extensions of the proposed algorithm are further discussed. Numerical experiments on testing a big-data problem in machine learning verify that the proposed method is very eﬀective and promising.
Money Supply and Economic Growth in Botswana: Evidence from ARDL Approach

the purpose of the paper is to analyse the relationship between money supply and real gross domestic product using an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model on Botswana from 1989 to 2019. The impact of money supply on economic growth is positive and negative in both the short run and long run respectively. However, the impact is insignificant in support of the monetarist view. Results suggest that monetary policy framework does not play an important role in determining economic activities of Botswana hence there is need to improve the quality of monetary institutions for money supply to be effective in influencing economic performance of Botswana. The results seem to suggest that policy makers should consider stimulating economic activity in Botswana through fiscal policy rather than monetary policy
Corynebacterium glutamicum Mechanosensing: From Osmoregulation to L-Glutamate Secretion for the Avian Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

After the discovery of Corynebacterium glutamicum from avian feces-contaminated soil, its enigmatic L-glutamate secretion by corynebacterial MscCG-type mechanosensitive channels has been utilized for industrial monosodium glutamate production. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels are activated directly by increased membrane tension upon hypoosmotic downshock; thus; the physiological significance of the corynebacterial L-glutamate secretion has been considered as adjusting turgor pressure by releasing cytoplasmic solutes. In this review, we present information that corynebacterial mechanosensitive channels have been evolutionally specialized as carriers to secrete L-glutamate into the surrounding environment in their habitats rather than osmotic safety valves. The lipid modulation activation of MscCG channels in L-glutamate production can be explained by the “Force-From-Lipids” and “Force-From-Tethers” mechanosensing paradigms and differs significantly from mechanical activation upon hypoosmotic shock. The review also provides information on the search for evidence that C. glutamicum was originally a gut bacterium in the avian host with the aim of understanding the physiological roles of corynebacterial mechanosensing. C. glutamicum is able to secrete L-glutamate by mechanosensitive channels in the gut microbiota and help the host brain function via the microbiota–gut–brain axis.
Electron ‐ Beam Irradiation of the Diet

Broiler performance is affected by the nutrients content of the diet and intestinal microbial population. A decrease in microbial contamination or a change in diet structure or both, affect broiler performance (Iji et al. 2001). Contamination of diet with pathogenic microorganisms is a major problem in poultry industry. Additionally, pathogenic microorganisms may affect both animal and human health. Several preventive measures, like disinfectants have been used to reduce feed pathogen load, but their efficiency is often limited (Jay et al. 2005). A total of 300 one-day old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into four treatment groups. The groups comprised of 15 birds each, and were defined by diet and the birds in each group were fed 0 (control), 3, 5, or 7 kGy electron-beam irradiated diets. A total of 5 replicates were performed. The chemical composition of the diet was not affected by irradiation. Irradiation doses of 5 and 7 kGy completely eliminated microbial load in diets (P<0.05) and decreased the total aerobic and coliform counts in ileum and cecum at increasing rate at 14, 28 and 42 days of age (L: P<0.001; Q: P<0.0001). Total coliforms of the ileum decreased with the increased irradiation dose at 21 and 42 days of age (Q: P<0.0001). Lactobacillus counts improved with increased EBI dose, except for lactobacillus in cecum at 42 days of age. There was a linear increase in villus height (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) with higher irradiation doses at 21 and 42 days of age. Additionally, a linear increase and a decrease in villus height:crypt depth were observed in the jejunum at 21 and 42 days of age, respectively (P<0.05). The villus height:crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum followed a linear increasing rate (Q: P<0.001) with the increased irradiation dose. Feed intake, mortality (all periods), body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were similar between treatments at 1-14 and 14-28 days of age. Body weight gain, however, increased at a rising rate (Q: P<0.001), and feed conversion ratio decreased at a diminishing rate (Q: P<0.01) with higher irradiation doses during 28-42 and 142 days of age. The ileal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extracts, gross energy, and apparent metabolizable energy increased with the irradiation dose (Q: P<0.001). Our results indicated that electron-beam diet irradiation reduces microbial coliform counts and supports lactic acid producers in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the ileal digestibility of nutrients, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio improve with irradiation.
Extended field or pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy for the treatment of post-surgery multiple pelvic lymph node metastases in cervical cancer patients: a randomized, multi-center phase II clinical trial

Background To prospectively compare the outcomes and side effects between groups of postoperative cervical cancer patients with multiple pelvic lymph node metastases who were treated with extended field or pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy. Methods Cervical carcinoma patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ib-IIa, who underwent radical hysterectomy and had histologically confirmed multiple (≥2) pelvic lymph node metastases, were enrolled into this study. The patients were randomly assigned to pelvic-IMRT or extended field-IMRT (45 Gy/25 Fx) group. Patients in either group received concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy (40 mg/m2) starting on the first day of irradiation. Results Until December 31th 2017, 129 patients were initially enrolled into this study. During the study, 3 patients were dropped out due to either incompletion of the study or exclusion by the criteria. Consequently, 64 patients completed pelvic-IMRT, and 62 patients completed extended field-IMRT. Median follow-up period was 61.30 months in the extended field-IMRT group and 60.60 months in the pelvic-IMRT group. Five-year actuarial survival probability was 0.759 (95% CI: 0.619–0.854) in the extended field-IMRT group which was not significantly different from that of the pelvic-IMRT group [0.824 (95% CI: 0.690–0.905), P=0.442]. Similarly, the five-year progression-free probability was 0.720 (95% CI: 0.576–0.822) in the extended field-IMRT group, which was not significantly different from that of the pelvic-IMRT group [0.781 (95% CI: 0.637–0.874), P=0.389]. In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in hematology and gastrointestinal tract toxicities. Conclusions Post-operative pelvic-IMRT or extended field-IMRT with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy had similar outcomes in terms of survival rates and adverse events in cervical carcinoma patients at FIGO stage Ib-IIa with multiple pelvic lymph nodes metastases.
A ug 2 02 0 Variations of Hodge Structures of Rank Three k-Higgs Bundles and Moduli Spaces of Holomorphic Triples August 28 , 2020

There is an isomorphism between the moduli spaces of σ-stable holomorphic triples and some of the critical submanifolds of the moduli space of k-Higgs bundles of rank three, whose elements (E, φ) correspond to variations of Hodge structure, VHS. There are special embeddings on the moduli spaces of k-Higgs bundles of rank three. The main objective here is to study the cohomology of the critical submanifolds of such moduli spaces, extending those embeddings to moduli spaces of holomorphic triples.
Title Non-obese visceral adiposity is associated with the risk of atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients often have altered body composition including reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass. Some RA patients are likely to increase visceral fat without obesity [Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25]. The objective of the study was to determine the association between obesity and/or visceral adiposity and the risk for atherosclerosis in Japanese RA patients. Obesity was evaluated using the BMI, with visceral adiposity evaluated using the visceral fat area (VFA) and the visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio (V/S ratio), quantified using the dual bioelectrical impedance method. Atherosclerosis was evaluated based on the intima–media thickness (IMT) and Plaque score (PS) of the carotid artery, measured using ultrasonography. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with IMT and PS. IMT and PS were compared among groups of patients sub-classified according to BMI and VFA levels. The V/S ratio was higher in RA patients than healthy controls, after adjustment for age, BMI, and waist circumference. On multivariate analysis, the V/S ratio, but not the BMI, was independently associated with the IMT and PS. Among the sub-classifications for BMI and VFA, non-obese patients with a high visceral adiposity (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 and VFA ≥ 100 cm2) had the highest IMT (mean IMT, 0.93 ± 0.29 mm; maximum IMT, 1.44 ± 0.71 mm) and PS (1.43 ± 0.61), compared to all other BMI and VFA subgroups. RA patients have increased visceral adiposity, which is associated with a high prevalence of atherosclerotic of plaques. Non-obese RA patients who have visceral adiposity have a specifically higher risk for atherosclerosis.
Effect of age of seedling on the performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

The field experiment study entitled “Effect of age of seedling on the performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars” was conducted at Research Farm of Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda during Kharif season of 2019. The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising of 9 treatments combinations replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of three rice cultivar (PR 122, PR 126 and PR 127) in main plots and three age of seedling (30, 40 and 50days old) in sub-plots. Among the cultivars, PR 122 recorded highest value of growth parameters viz. plant height (116.9 cm), number of tillers (43.8), leaf area index (5.06), dry matter accumulation (4845 kg ha). The highest number of effective tillers (41.8), panicle length (25.3 cm), number of grains panicle (165.5), 1000-grain weight (24.5 g), straw yield (117.8 q ha) produced by cultivar PR 122 that consequently results in 8.3% and 14.2% higher grain yield than other cultivars. Among the age of seedling, transplanting of 30 days old seedling recorded highest growth parameter viz. highest plant height (119.9 cm), number of tillers (48.6), leaf area index (6.25), dry matter accumulation (4867 kg ha) than other age seedling. The transplanting of 30 days old seedling gave highest yield attributes viz. highest number of effective tillers (46.7), panicle length (25.9 cm), number of grains panicles (202.7), 1000-grain weight (25.4 g), straw yield (175.7 q ha) and harvest index (32.9%) that consequently results in 10.1% and 18.5% higher grain yield than 40 and 50 days old seedling, respectively.
Formation of Tensilely Strained Germanium-on-Insulator

We fabricate a high-quality germanium-on-insulator (GOI) with tensile strain by combining the wafer bonding of a strained Ge grown on a Si substrate and an oxidized Si substrate and the selective etching of Si. The obtained 300-nm-thick strained GOI shows a smooth surface with RMS roughness of 0.15 nm and no dislocation is detected by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). The tensile strain of 0.19% induced in the GOI is found to be maintained throughout the fabrication process. This suggests that the fabricated strained GOI has a high potential as an essential platform for high-performance electronic and optical devices.
EEG Correlates of Difficulty Levels in Dynamical Transitions of Simulated Flying and Mapping Tasks

Decoding the subjective perception of task difficulty may help improve operator performance, i.e., automatically optimize the task difficulty level. Here, we aim to decode a compound of cognitive states that covaries with the task difficulty level. We designed a protocol composed of two different subtasks, flying and visual recognition, to induce different difficulty levels. We first showed that electroencephalography (EEG) signals can be a reliable source for discriminating different compound states. To gain insight into the underlying components in the compound states, we examined the attentional index and engagement index as in our previous study. We showed that, first, attention and engagement are essential components but fail to provide the best accuracy, and, second, our model is consistent with our previous study, which means that lateralized modulations in the $\alpha$ bands are representative of the flying task. We also analyzed a practical issue in the design of adaptive human–machine interaction (HMI) systems, namely, the latency of changes in the user's compound state. We hypothesized that the EEG correlates of the task difficulty level do not instantaneously reflect the changes in the task difficulty. We validated the hypothesis by measuring the time required for our decoders to provide stable accuracy after the task changed. This amount of time, or latency, could be as high as ten seconds. The results suggest that the latency of changes in the user's compound state between different tasks is a factor that should be taken into account when building adaptive HMI systems.
Length of stay and major adverse cardiac events Comparison between percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolytic therapy in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction Ιmplications for cost effectiveness

OBJECTIVE To compare length of stay (LOS) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) between thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted at Aisyiyah Hospital from January 2014 to December 2017. Data on the revascularization method and outcome related to LOS and MACE were extracted from the medical records. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between revascularization method and LOS, and MACE. In addition, a meta-analysis was conducted to summarize relevant findings from other regions. RESULTS A total of 294 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) between January 2014 and December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Of these, 186 patients were treated with thrombolytic therapy and 108 patients were treated with PCI. The findings showed that thrombolytic therapy was associated with increased risk of longer LOS, cardiogenic shock, and death compared with PCI. In addition, the meta-analysis showed that thrombolytic therapy was related with increased risk of prolonged LOS and reinfarction. CONCLUSIONS The higher LOS and MACE observed in the thrombolytic group means that thrombolytic therapy is associated with greater morbidity and incurs higher costs than PCI for treating patients with STEMI.
Vertical upward cocurrent gas‐liquid annular flow

Upward cocurrent gas-liquid annular flow was investigated in a 50.8 mm ID cylindrical vertical pipe. The film flow was studied by measuring instantaneous local film thickness, wall shear stress, and pressure gradient. Analysis of these data revealed that at low gas flow rates the film motion is controlled by a switching mechanism, as speculated by Moalem-Maron and Dukler (1984). In the region of high gas flow rates the switching process is suppressed and traveling roll waves characterize the film motion.
Effect of enriched organic manures and traditional practices on soil carbon dynamics and yield of maize-rice cropping system in coastal lowlands

The present study investigated the effects of enriched manures, inorganic fertilizers and their integrated use on maize-rice cropping system and soil mineral N and organic C pools under rainfed condition. The study comprised seven treatments and three replications in a RBD experiment for two years. The results revealed that yield of maize and rice increased significantly ranging from 48 to 121% due to integrated use of enriched manures and chemical fertilizers over control and application of manures alone. However, plots amended with enriched manures maintained higher total organic carbon, labile carbon, microbial biomass carbon and mineralizable carbon over control and farmers practice. Mineral N and C/N ratio in soil improved significantly with application of 100% NPK followed by enriched compost+50% NPK. Although farmers practice of in-situ residue recycling helps in maintaining soil carbon and recorded 17% higher yield than control but insufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of cereal cropping systems. The effect of enriched organic manures as revealed by principal component analysis was comparable with inorganic fertilizer in terms of yield and soil fertility as indicated by different soil carbon pools. This highlighted the potentials of using enriched organic manures as alternatives to inorganic fertilizers under rainfed and low input systems. This study will be helpful in crafting sustainable nutrient management programs in future to enhance crop productivity and soil organic carbon with minimum nutrient loss.
Swelling and mechanical properties of cellulose hydrogels. I. Preparation, characterization, and swelling behavior

Cellulose hydrogels have been synthesized by reacting solutions of cellulose xanthate with different amounts of epichlorohydrin (0–24% w/w on cellulose) after which the cellulose was regenerated. The weight fraction of crystalline cellulose, determined by density measurements, decreases with the extent of chemical crosslinking and was estimated to vary between 30 and 42% for dry gels. The degree of equilibrium swelling in water of the prepared hydrogels varied between 3.05 and 6.33 g water/g dry gel (g/g). The degree of swelling decreases with increasing chemical crosslinking. As a result of the irreversible changes occurring during drying, the degree of swelling in water can be reduced down to 0.74 g/g. According to density gradient column measurements, the partial specific volume of water is 0.865 cm3/g at water contents below 0.13 g/g. It is suggested that water having this partial specific volume is the specific hydration water. At higher water contents, the partial specific volume of gel water equals the specific volume of bulk water. It is implicit in the interpretation of the density data in terms of a two state model of gel water that the crystallinity of cellulose is independent of the water content. Depending on the degree of swelling, heat treatment resulted in either an irreversible increase or decrease of the degree of swelling.
Particle Size Distribution Measurement from Millimeters to Nanometers and from Rods to Platelets

ABSTRACT There are many instruments for particle size distribution (PSD) measurement, each using a particular physical phenomenon to define the size (e.g., sedimentation, laser diffraction). Particle size distribution measurement although important, most people want it done as quickly as possible. This paper will compare rapid methods [ laser diffraction and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS)] with sedimentation techniques and image analysis. Nanometer powders (primary particles 10–50 nm) have been studied using, photocentrifuge, PCS, and x-ray disc centrifuge. The median diameters are very consistent for all instruments for narrow size distributions at around 20 nm but a divergence of results for the 50 nm range when distributions are broader. Comparison with image analysis for a spherical silica (50 nm) illustrates the accuracy possible in this domain. In the 0.1 to 5 micron range examples showing how the width and size range of the particle size distribution of typical commercial aluminas and calcites, can influence greatly the reported values from different instruments will be presented. The resolution and accuracy of PSD measurement for laser diffraction has been investigated using spherical glass beads ranging from 70 to 400 μm, sieved into five fractions. Particle size distributions measured by image analysis are compared with the laser diffraction results. The shape also has a profound effect on the interpretation of data provided by commercial instruments which ordinarily assume a spherical shape. Results for plate and rod like particles will be presented and the most appropriate method for the shapes suggested.