Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Difference of Chemical Bonds Between UDMA Bonding Agents with Ethanol Solvent and Acetone Solvent on Dentin Collagen

Objective: To investigate the difference of chemical bonds between urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) bonding agents with ethanol solvent and acetone solvent on dentin collagen. Material and Methods: This experimental comparison study used three groups: G1 (Control): UDMA and collagen; G2: UDMA, collagen and ethanol; and G3: UDMA, collagen and acetone. The groups were then pelleted and analysed with FTIR, then the peak value of carbonyl absorption band from each study group was calculated. The result of FTIR analysis and the peak of carbonyl absorption band (P) was calculated using the formula: P = (BC / AB) X 100; AB. BC is measured in centimeters. The study of chemical bond differences between ethanol-solvent UDMA agents compared with acetone-solvent on dentin collagen resulted in a graph of peak of carbonyl absorption bands of UDMA and dentin collagen groups. To determine the chemical bonds of UDMA from the top of the carbonyl ester absorption bands with wavenumber absorption in range 1700-1750 cm-1, the decreasing peak of the carbonyl absorption bands is assumed as more chemical bonds that formed. Data were analysed using Anova one way and Tukey HSD test. Results: There were significant differences between the three study groups (p<0.05) . Conclusion: UDMA bonding agents' chemical bonds with acetone solvent are much higher than the chemical bonds between UDMA bonding agents with ethanol solvent on dentin collagen.
Diagnostics of void expansion during cyclic growth and formation of layered nanoparticle clouds

Nanoparticles were grown in an argon-acetylene plasma, and the particle size was characterized during growth using imaging Mie ellipsometry (I-Mie). The typical cyclic growth was observed, and the previously reported expansion and contraction of the void before depletion of nanoparticles [van de Wetering et al., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 48, 035204 (2015)] was independently confirmed in our measurements. The cyclic growth was interrupted by repetitively turning the acetylene flow on and off. The nanoparticles that were confined in the discharge proceeded to grow slowly but more importantly a new growth cycle started with nucleation and growth taking place in the void region. The additional growth burst in the void region leads to a structured dust cloud with regions of nanoparticles with different sizes that were sharply separated. The advantages of using the I-Mie diagnostics for the observation of nanoparticles compared to standard video microscopy are demonstrated for the structured dust cloud. The resul.
Optimization of Conditions for Cultivation of Babesia bigemina -infected RBCs

Background: Babesia bigemina is the cause of bovine babesiosis. B. bigemina-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) were passaged in vitro for the attenuation. Methods: We cultured Pakistani isolate of the parasite in three different culture media. Whole blood was collected from splenectomized and intact crossbred young calves. The parameters included were hematological profile, catalase activity, osmotic fragility and lipid profile. Cell culture media (M-199, RPMI 1640 and DMEM) were used to find out the longevity of parasites iRBCs.Result: Highest PPE level was found up to 6.0% on 72 h post-culture in M-199 medium. Furthermore, no significant difference in catalase activity while significant difference in osmotic fragility were observed. However, lipid profile was significantly less in infected animals except in Babesia-infected. M-199 was the most appropriate medium for the in vitro cultivation of B. bigemina. Our findings would help us for in vitro cultivation of babesia-infected RBCs for its attenuation.
Effect of Rice Variant on the Ease of Swallowing Blender-made Rice Gruel

Ease of swallowing blender-made rice gruel when half of the non-glutinous japonica rice is replaced with glutinous japonica or non-glutinous indica rice was evaluated by physical measurement and sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation revealed that blender-made rice gruel containing non-glutinous indica rice was stickier than nonglutinous japonica rice gruel, and was evaluated as harder to swallow. Blender-made rice gruel containing glutinous japonica rice was less sticky than non-glutinous rice gruel and was evaluated as easier to swallow. Blender-made rice gruel containing glutinous japonica rice contains less amylose and, combined with the partial degradation of starch due to the α-amylase in the glutinous rice, results in reduced stickiness of the rice liquid, making the gruel easier to swallow.
A Power Adaptive Control Strategy for Further Extending the Operation Range of Single-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel PV Inverter

With the characteristics of module-level maximum power point tracking, module-level monitoring, and panel shut-off, single-phase cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter has outstanding advantages applied to household photovoltaic (PV) power generation occasion. However, unbalanced output powers among PV panels is an inherent problem of single-phase CHB PV inverter, which will make the H-bridges (HBs) with higher powers overmodulation, resulting in deteriorated grid current and even system instability. Aiming at this issue, this article proposes a power adaptive control strategy, which divides system operation into three modes, and calculates modulation waveforms by using different methods in different modes. By flexibly adjusting the transmission power of HBs in different modes, all the HBs are able to avoid overmodulation, and single-phase CHB PV grid-connected inverter can still operate normally even if the maximum powers among PV panels are seriously unbalanced. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation and experimental results.
FACILE SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYAPATITE (HAp) NANOPARTICLES WITH DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGIES

This study investigated the use of different synthetic approaches to obtain morphologically different HAp nanoparticles that can be used mainly in drug delivery. For this, simple Co-precipitation was applied under increased temperature conditions. Additionally microwave irradiation, metal doping and surfactant mediated synthesis were utilized. Characterization was carried out using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to XRD most of the HAp nanoparticles are crystalline in nature, whereas the HAp nanoparticles synthesized using metal doping consists an amorphous nature. FT-IR spectra reveals that the surfactants are attracted to the HAp nanoparticle surface. SEM data showed the synthesis of nanoparticles using microwave irradiation, high temperature, surfactants and metal doping are coral shaped, rod shaped, granular shaped and square shaped respectively.
Understanding and Challenging Stigma Associated With Sexual Interest in Children: A Systematic Review

Abstract The stigmatization of people with pedophilia was previously identified as a “blind spot” in stigma research. This systematic review updates and expands on Jahnke and Hoyer’s 2013 review to understand (1) factors contributing to stigma toward people with sexual interest in children, (2) experiences of stigma, and (3) how stigma can be challenged and reduced. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze data from 35 studies from the United Kingdom, United States, The Netherlands, Germany, Canada, Norway, Australia, and New Zealand. Overarching themes were (1) misperceptions and stereotypes, (2) negative affective responses, (3) discrimination, (4) mental distress, (5) internalized public stigma, (6) negative effects of disclosure, and (7 and 8) informative and humanizing interventions. Findings highlighted substantial prevalence of stigma toward and amongst people with sexual interest in children, and methodological limitations of extant research. An agenda for future research is discussed, emphasizing how stigma can be challenged.
Analysis and Forecasts of the Demand for Imported Wine in China

The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term determinants of China’s imported wine demand and to forecast wine imports from 2019 to 2023 using econometric methods. Auto-regressive distributed lag models are developed based on neoclassical economic demand theory to investigate the long-term determinants of China’s demand for imported bottled, bulk, and sparkling wine from the top five countries of origin. The empirical results demonstrate that income is the most important determinant of China’s imported wine demand, and that price only plays a significant role in a few markets. Substitute and complement effects are identified between wines from different countries of origin and between imported wines and other liquids. China’s imported wine demand is expected to maintain its rapid growth over the forecast period. Bottled wine will continue to dominate China’s imported wine market. France will have the largest market share in the bottled wine market, Spain will be the largest provider of bulk wine, and Italy will hold the same position for sparkling wine. This is the first study to use a single equation with the general to specific method rather than a system of equations to estimate and forecast China’s demand for imported bottled, bulk, and sparkling wines from different countries of origin. The more specific model setting for each country of origin improves forecasting accuracy.
A Critique of the Democratic Functionality of the School Disciplinary Committee Structures within a South African Rural Setting

The South Africans Schools Act mandates institutional policy duty bearers such as the school governing bodies (SGBs) and school disciplinary committees (SDCs) through which education stakeholders such as school principals, teachers, parents and learners to democratically formulate and implement school policies. The effectiveness of these bodies in carrying out their responsibilities in most cases is left to speculation. Based on a case study of high schools in a rural district setting in South Africa, this paper reports on the extent to which SDCs are democratically constituted and function in conducting their responsibilities. A qualitative approach was employed to gather data from a purposeful sample of 53 participants at two secondary schools that comprised 10 SGB members, 10 school management team (SMT) members, 9 SDC members, 10 Representative Council of Learners (RCL), 4 class teachers and 10 previously disciplined learners (PDLs). Focus group and individual interviews were the primary data gathering instruments but were complemented by document analysis to cross-check participants’ narratives where necessary. Results indicated that the discharge of the SDC responsibilities was largely undemocratic in both composition and functioning, and therefore unjust in disciplining learners who acted outside school rules. On the basis of our findings, we recommend that the policy duty bearers in school institutional management structures such as the SMT, SGB, RCL and SDC should first be inducted on school policies, roles and responsibilities on assumption of duty. Received: 28 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 November 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
A Systematic Literature Review of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Sustainable Selection of Insulation Materials in Buildings

The European Commission has recently adopted the Renovation Wave Strategy, aiming at the improvement of the energy performance of buildings. The strategy aims to at least double renovation rates in the next ten years and make sure that renovations lead to higher energy and resource efficiency. The choice of appropriate thermal insulation materials is one of the simplest and, at the same time, the most popular strategies that effectively reduce the energy demand of buildings. Today, the spectrum of insulation materials is quite wide, and each material has its own specific characteristics. It is recognized that the selection of materials is one of the most challenging and difficult steps of a building project. This paper aims to give an in-depth view of existing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) applications for the selection of insulation materials and to provide major insights in order to simplify the process of methods and criteria selection for future research. A systematic literature review is performed based on the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In order to determine which MCDM method is the most appropriate for different questions, the main advantages and disadvantages of different methods are provided.
Explore, Exploit, and Prune in the Classroom: Strategic Resource Management Behaviors Predict Performance

Self-regulated learners strategically manage physical, technological, online, and social resources for learning—by selecting resources that could be useful, reflecting on how useful these resources have been, and adjusting resource use accordingly. We propose a model that conceptualizes resource management as learners’ intentional, self-reflective decisions to explore new resources, exploit (continue to use) previously useful resources, and prune (stop using) previously ineffective resources. We modeled 4,766 students’ reported exploration, exploitation, and pruning between three class exams among four cohorts of an organic chemistry class (i.e., more than 100,000 discrete data points of resource use). Each of these behavioral mechanisms of resource management predicted students’ academic achievement: The more students reported exploring, exploiting, and pruning between their exams, the higher they performed on their subsequent exams, controlling for prior performance. These findings enrich self-regulated learning theories by concretizing the behavioral mechanisms of resource management by which learners take control of their learning.
Relative humidity variation derived from tree‐ring δ18O and possible large‐scale atmospheric circulations linkage over the Guanzhong Plain, central northern China, since 1760 CE

China is drastically influenced by the Asian monsoon. Based on the relationship (r = −.636, N = 62, p < .001) between tree‐ring δ18O values from nine cores of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. from Nanwutai and the Asia monsoon‐related June–August relative humidity (RHJJA), we designed a transfer function reconstructing the RHJJA variation from 1760 to 2018 CE. Our RHJJA reconstruction captured some extreme climatic events that occurred in the past, such as the Ding‐Wu disaster (1876–1878 CE), which was the most serious drought event of northern China in the 19th century, and the severe drought event of 1925–1930 CE. The spatial correlation analysis shows that our RHJJA reconstruction has not only local but also large‐scale hydroclimate circulations. Our reconstruction compared well with other hydroclimate series from northern China, indicating the large‐scale representativeness of our reconstruction. Both the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and the periodicity analyses revealed that the El Niño–South Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the solar activity strongly affected Asian monsoon‐related RHJJA changes over Guanzhong Plain in the past. We believe this study is of great significance and provides an in‐depth understanding of climate change in the Guanzhong Plain and in northern China.
Hyperspectral Image Restoration by Tensor Fibered Rank Constrained Optimization and Plug-and-Play Regularization

Hyperspectral images (HSIs) are often contaminated by several types of noise, which significantly limits the accuracy of subsequent applications. Recently, low-rank modeling based on tensor singular value decomposition (T-SVD) has achieved great success in HSI restoration. Most of them use the convex and nonconvex surrogates of the tensor rank, which cannot well approximate the tensor singular values and obtain suboptimal restored results. We suggest a novel HSI restoration model by introducing a fibered rank constrained tensor restoration framework with an embedded plug-and-play (PnP)-based regularization (FRCTR-PnP). More precisely, instead of using the convex and nonconvex surrogates to approximate the fibered rank, the proposed model directly constrains the tensor fibered rank of the solution, leading to a better approximation to the original image. Since exploiting the low-fibered-rankness of HSI is mainly to capture the global structure, we further employ an implicit PnP-based regularization to preserve the image details. Particularly, the above two building blocks are complementary to each other, rather than isolated and uncorrelated. Based on the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM), we propose an efficient algorithm to tackle the proposed model. For robustness, we develop a three-directional randomized T-SVD (3DRT-SVD), which preserves the intrinsic structure of the clean HSI and removes partial noise by projecting the HSI onto a low-dimensional essential subspace. Extensive experimental results including simulated and real data demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance over compared methods in terms of quantitative evaluation and visual inspection.
Statistical inference for partially linear errors-in-variables panel data models with fixed effects

In this paper, we consider the statistical inference for the partially linear panel data models with fixed effects. We focus on the case where some covariates are measured with additive errors. We propose a modified profile least squares estimator of the regression parameter and the nonparametric components. The asymptotic normality for the parametric component and the rate of convergence for the nonparametric component are established. Consistent estimations of the error variance are also developed. We conduct simulation studies to demonstrate the finite sample performance of our proposed method and we also present an illustrative empirical application.
Effects of self-paced high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on the physical performance and psychophysiological responses in recreationally active young adults

This study aimed to compare the effects of 8-week self-paced high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. self-paced moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the physical performance and psychophysiological responses of young adults. Twenty-eight recreationally active young adults (age: 21.1 ± 1.6 years) were randomly assigned to either the self-paced HIIT (n = 14) or the MICT (n = 14) group training protocol. The HIIT consisted of two 12–24 x 30 seconds of high-intensity runs interspersed by 30 seconds of recovery. The MICT completed 24–48 minutes of continuous running. Before and after the 8-week interventions the following tests were completed: maximum oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) estimated from the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRTL-1), repeated sprint ability (RSA), 10–30-m sprint test, change of direction test (T-drill), countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ), and triple hop distance test (THD). Training rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) were assessed during the training programme. The HIIT resulted in greater improvement in YYIRTL-1, V̇O2max, RSA and T-drill performances compared to the MICT. Furthermore, RPE and PACES values were higher in the HIIT than the MICT. This study suggested that self-paced HIIT may be a more effective training regime to improve aerobic fitness with greater physical enjoyment in recreationally active young adults.
Selection rules and a new model for stable topological defect arrays in nematic liquid crystal

ABSTRACT Orientation of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) around a topological defect is expressed by the equation, , where , , and are the director spatial phase, topological charge, azimuthal angle and a spatial phase shift, respectively. Conventionally, defect array is modelled by simply adding the fields of all the defects. The resultant array is a combination of the defects imposed by design ( ) and the defects due to the lattice geometry ( ). However, defect arrays generated in homeotropic confinement show hyperbolic hedgehogs ( ) between the s, which are out of the scope of the conventional model. In this research, two-dimensional defect ‘crystals’ with various lattice structures (square and hexagonal), various defect shapes (radial or circular) and various lattice constants (pixel size) are generated by pixelated patterned electrodes in homeotropic NLC cells. The results verify the two selection rules, 1) The total must be zero, 2) must be a constant throughout the array, and a new model composed of , and is established. Calculation proves that the selected modelled array has minimum free energy. The - - model is versatile and easy to apply, which benefits the design of new topological defect arrays. Graphical abstract
Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural on Supported Ag, Au, Pd and Bimetallic Pd-Au Catalysts: Effect of the Support

Oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a major feedstock derived from waste/fresh biomass, into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is an important transformation for the production of biodegradable plastics. Herein, we investigated the effect of the support (unmodified and modified titania, commercial alumina, and untreated and treated Sibunit carbon) of mono- and bimetallic catalysts based on noble metals (Ag, Au, Pd) on selective HMF oxidation with molecular oxygen to FDCA under mild and basic reaction conditions. The higher selectivity to FDCA was obtained when metals were supported on Sibunit carbon (Cp). The order of noble metal in terms of catalyst selectivity was: Ag < Au < Pd < PdAu. Finally, FDCA production on the most efficient PdAu NPs catalysts supported on Sibunit depended on the treatment applied to this carbon support in the order: PdAu/Cp < PdAu/Cp-HNO3 < PdAu/Cp-NH4OH. These bimetallic catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Hammet indicator method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The functionalization of Sibunit surface by HNO3 and NH4OH led to a change in the contribution of the active states of Pd and Au due to promotion effect of N-doping and, as a consequence, to higher FDCA production. HMF oxidation catalyzed by bimetallic catalysts is a structure sensitive reaction.
A 3D virtual prototype-finite element co-simulation of aircraft hydroplaning on a wet rough runway

ABSTRACT Skid-resistance performance of a runway greatly influences aircraft landing safety. A wet runway significantly increases the incidence rates of aircraft overrun. To study the influence of the skid-resistance performance of a runway on aircraft landing, a co-simulation method is proposed. First, a finite element (FE) model of the local tire-water film-runway simulation is established to obtain the combination coefficient-slip ratio curve of a tire on a wet runway. Second, a global model of an Airbus A320 virtual prototype (VP) is created. Then, on the basis of fuzzy control theory, a two-dimensional (2D) fuzzy controller of the aircraft AB is established. The friction coefficient-slip ratio curve of the tire on the wet runway obtained in the local simulation is introduced into the full-scale hydroplaning simulation model of the aircraft. Finally, the global-local multiscale simulation method is used to analyze the skid-resistance behaviour of the aircraft on three types of runways. It is found that the increase of water film thickness of the pavement and the increase of the grounding speed cause the attenuation of the friction coefficient of a runway, finally causing the reduction of the deceleration rate of the aircraft and the increase of the braking distance.