Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localizing ethnic entrepreneurship: “Chinese” chips shops in Belgium, “traditional” food culture, and transnational migration in Europe

ABSTRACT This article explores the causes, dynamics, and theoretical implications of the “localization” of ethnic entrepreneurship through “traditional” food businesses in Europe. Based on fieldwork conducted in 2014 and 2017, it analyses the emergence of “Chinese” chips shops in the Flemish province of Antwerp, Belgium. Highlighting the history of Chinese migration to Europe, it argues that a specific set of “contexts of exit” and “contexts of reception” explain this development. Important among these are Dutch language skills and long-term residence or citizenship in the Netherlands and Belgium, market saturation, and the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. The article posits that these Chinese entrepreneurs are neither “enclave entrepreneurs” nor a “middleman minority”: entering a “traditional” food sector, they must leverage on their “integration capital”. However, with this, they also become entangled in Belgian gastronationalism and gastropolitics. Finally, this “localization” also has a transnational dimension as many of these entrepreneurs re-migrated from the Netherlands.
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND MANAGEMENT LEVEL, AND THEIR IMPACT ON PROJECT SUCCESS

Leadership is the catalyst which ignites collaboration and participation towards achieving project success. Recent studies have acknowledged that leadership affect construction project success indirectly. However, how this success derived through leadership is directly related to management seniority remains unexplored. It is hypothesized that the higher a person advances in an organization the need to become more effective in achieving project success increases. To test this hypothesis and to improve project success rates, leadership at different managerial levels is explored through a case study using Kurt Lewin’s and Multifactor Leadership (ML) questionnaires. The democratic and transformational styles of leadership were the most efficient in achieving project success. However, analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed there is no significant relationship between project success and leadership style but there exists a strong association between management level and leadership style and a significant relationship between management level and project success. This suggest there is a maturity in leadership style as management level progresses, as such, a person should become more effective in guaranteeing project success based on how far they have progressed in the management structure of their organization.
Application of neuroanatomical and immunocytochemical techniques for the detection of neurotransmitters in identified neurons in vertebrate And invertebrate tissues.

The techniques that have become available to the neurobiologist have over the past 35 years transformed the ways in which the nervous system can be investigated both in terms of connectivity and chemical make up. When given a specific neurobiological question concerning the synaptic interactions or the neurochemistry of the neuronal populations, careful consideration has to made of the techniques that are applied to obtain meaningful results. Two specific biological questions are addressed and the techniques that were applied are discussed. Firstly, to investigate whether the reduction of brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the granule cells of the stargazer mutant mouse compromises the phenotype of the cerebellar neurons. The levels of γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurotransmitter expressed in cerebellar neurons and the phenotype of the synaptic contacts were compared in stargazer and wild-type controls using electron microscopy (EM) and quantitative post-embedding EM immunogold labelling. Secondly, the flight motor system of the locust represents a model preparation for the investigation of neuromodulation. The monosynaptic connections between the locust forewing stretch receptor (fSR) and the first basal motorneuron (BA1) is part of a sensory pathway involved in flight and by combining in vivo horseradish peroxidase (HRP) backfills of the fSR with post- embedding EM immunogold labelling the proportion and location of inputs to the fSR were analysed. This and other data show the majority of inputs to the fSR are from either glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons, but not all. Electrophysiological studies have shown that the fSR/BA1 synapse is also modulated by biogenic amines. ICC fluorescent methods have established that the neuropile region is octopamine immunoreactive (IR). To identify these octopamine-IR processes at the EM level two different techniques were used; an immunogold cryosectioning method and a pre-embedding immunogold silver intensification technique.
The development of social information processing and aggressive behaviour: Current issues

The social information processing (SIP) model is an important element in theoretical accounts of the development of aggressive behaviour. Aggressive behaviour is associated with and predicted by specific social information-processing patterns and interventions targeting these patterns are relatively effective. The present article discusses three directions in which further progress can be made. First, the SIP model may be improved to take better account of emotional processes. Second, issues concerning the validity of SIP assessment need to be resolved. Third, differential development of SIP needs to be studied and to be related to development of specific aggressive behaviour patterns. Recent findings concerning these three issues are reviewed and directions for research are discussed.
Functional morphology and *evolution of the adapiform dentition, with particular emphasis on the Asian Sivaladapidae

This study utilizes two-dimensional geometric morphometric techniques to address molar shape variation in extinct and extant prosimians using the relative orientation of selected homologous molar landmarks (paraconid, protoconid, metaconid, entoconid, hypoconid, hypoconulid, metaconulid, and the intersection of the cristid obliqua with the protolophid). Molar shape was studied using Thin-Plate Splines analysis to explore variation using shape variables simultaneously, rather than by comparing interlandmark distances, as in traditional studies. The sampled extant taxa included members from the Malagasy lemur families Lepilemuridae, Lemuridae, and Indriidae, as well as Asian Lorisidae. Extant taxa were categorized using taxonomic, as well as dietary, categories to determine if intra-sample variation was correlated with either category. Results suggest that frugivores (and gramnivores) generally exhibit a relatively wide anterior talonid basin and little trigonid torsion (observed as the angle of the protolophid relative to the long axis of the molar). Folivores, on the other hand, generally exhibit a constricted anterior talonid and higher degrees of trigonid torsion. Lorisid omnivores were found to exhibit constricted anterior talonids, but little trigonid torsion. The Thin-Plate Splines technique was also applied to a sample of three extinct adapiform families: Notharctidae, Adapidae, and Sivaladapidae. These comparisons were aimed at further exploration into dietary adaptation and diversity in extinct prosimians, and to specifically address the paleobiology of the Asian sivaladapids. Like their extant counterparts, adapiforms generally varied also in the relative orientation of the trigonid basin and in the dimensions of the talonid basin. In addition, the relative location of the paraconid also varied significantly within several adapiform families. Results of this
Ecology and Evolution of Poeciliid Fishes

The history of biology is populated by numerous model species or organisms. But few vertebrate groups have aided evolutionary and ecological research more than the live-bearing fishes of the family Poeciliidae. Found throughout tropical and subtropical waters, poeciliids exhibit a fascinating variety of reproductive specializations, including viviparity, matrotrophy, unisexual reproduction, and alternative mating strategies, making them ideal models for research on patterns and processes in ecology, behavior, and evolution. "Ecology and Evolution of Poeciliid Fishes" is a much-needed overview of the scientific potential and understanding of these live-bearing fishes. Chapters by leading researchers take up a wide range of topics, including the evolution of unisexual reproduction, life in extreme environments, life-history evolution, and genetics. Designed to provide a single and highly approachable reference, "Ecology and Evolution of Poeciliid Fishes" will appeal to students and specialists interested in all aspects of evolutionary ecology.
Teaching Approaches and the Development of Responsible Environmental Behaviour: The Case of Hong Kong

Enquiry teaching approaches are widely considered as more useful than didactic approaches for the development of environmentally responsible behaviour. This paper is a report of an empirical study on the validity of this belief with reference to higher-ability and lower- to medium-ability groups drawn from geography classes at the Advanced Level in Hong Kong. The hypotheses were that, taken together, enquiry approaches are more effective than didactic approaches for the development of environmentally responsible behaviour in both the short and long terms for students as a whole, and for students within the same range of academic ability. A quasi-experimental control group design was used for selecting students and classes from schools in the territory. A questionnaire survey and a series of interviews were conducted to collect data about students' behaviour before and after they were taught a people-environment topic with a didactic approach or an enquiry approach. The results suggest that the students on the whole were not behaving as positively for the environment as their peers in other countries. For both the higher- and the lower- to medium-ability classes, those who were taught with an enquiry approach were behaving positively in more areas than those who were taught with a didactic approach in both the short and long terms. This trend could be attributed to their greater attention to critical thinking, positive behavioural changes, and the development of internal locus of control, while society as a whole was still largely apathetic to personal efforts for improving environmental quality. To further enhance the effectiveness of enquiry for the development of environmentally responsible behaviour, it is suggested that teachers should give more attention to the elements of concern and empathy in the classroom. Improvements in teacher education and training and in the guidelines for teachers, restructuring and revision of environmental education in schools, providing adequate funding and resources, and revision of the style and content of questions in public examinations are also recommended.
Elementary Children's School Friendship: A Comparison of Peer Assessment Methodologies

Abstract This study compared four methods of assessing children's friendships-peer nominations, peer ratings, reciprocal peer nominations, and social networking. A total of 174 children between first and third grades were assessed using child self-report. In addition, parent and teacher ratings of these children's friendship patterns were also evaluated. Results found that there was high agreement between reciprocal peer nominations, peer ratings, and the social networking procedure. Much lower levels of agreement were noted between peer nominations in general and reciprocated nomination procedures. Parents and teachers were found to have comparable levels of agreement but did not match exactly the child-reported reciprocal nomination procedure. Implications of these results for use by school psychologists are discussed.
Using Thermal Units for Estimating Critical Period of Weed Competition in Off-Season Maize Crop

Abstract Brazilian off-season maize production is characterized by low yield due to several factors, such as climate variability and inadequate management practices, specifically weed management. Thus, the goal of this study was to determinate the critical period of weed competition in off-season maize (Zea mays L.) crop using thermal units or growing degree days (GDD) approach to characterize crop growth and development. The study was carried out in experimental area of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, with weed control (C), as well as seven coexistence periods, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 leaves, flowering, and all crop cycle; fourteen treatments were done. Climate data were obtained from a weather station located close to the experimental area. To determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) logistic models were fitted to yield data obtained in both W and C, as a function of GDD. For an arbitrary maximum yield loss fixed in 2.5%, the CPWC was found between 301 and 484 GDD (7–8 leaves). Also, when the arbitrary loss yield was fixed in 5 and 10%, the period before interference (PBI) was higher than the critical weed-free period (CWFP), suggesting that the weeds control can be done with only one application, between 144 and 410 GDD and 131 and 444 GDD (3–8 leaves), respectively. The GDD approach to characterize crop growth and development was successfully used to determine the critical period of weeds control in maize sown off-season. Further works will be necessary to better characterize the interaction and complexity of maize sown off-season with weeds. However, these results are encouraging because the possibility of the results to be extrapolated and because the potential of the method on providing important results to researchers, specifically crop modelers.
Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic and Toxicokinetic Models in Cancer Risk Assessment

Abstract Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and toxicokinetic models are increasingly being used for the conduct of high dose to low dose and interspecies extrapolations required in cancer risk assessment. These models, by simulating tissue dose of toxic chemicals, help address the uncertainty associated with the default approaches for interspecies and high dose to low dose extrapolations. The applicability of PBPK models in cancer risk assessment has been demonstrated with a number of chemicals (e.g., acrylonitrile, 2-butoxyethanol, chloroform, 1,4-dioxane, methyl chloroform, methylene chloride, styrene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate). Recent advances in PBPK modeling facilitate the consideration of population distribution of parameter values, age-dependent changes in physiology and metabolism, multi-route exposures as well as multichemical interactions for application in cancer risk assessment. Whereas the average values for various input parameters have been used to evaluate the age-dependency of tissue dose, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique can be applied to address variability and uncertainty in parameter estimates, thus facilitating a more accurate estimation of cancer risk in the population. The PBPK models also uniquely facilitate the simulation of tissue dose, and thereby cancer risks, associated with multi-route and multichemical exposure situations. Overall, the recent advances reviewed in this article point to the continued enhancement of the scientific basis and applicability of PBPK models in cancer risk assessment.
Aggressiveness of Ganoderma boninense isolates on the vegetative growth of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings at different ages.

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma boninense is rapidly spreading in both coastal and inland soils planted with oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) across Indonesia and Malaysia. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different G. boninense isolates collected from different regions of Peninsular Malaysia on oil palm seedlings. Ganoderma boninense isolates from 12 different estates located in 7 states were collected and used for assessing the effects of pathogenic Ganoderma isolates on 2- and 5-month-old oil palm seedlings. These seedlings were challenged artificially with Ganoderma-inoculated rubber wood blocks as the inoculum source. Based on the disease severity index (DSI), G. boninense isolates from Bt Lintang (Kedah) (T10) (63.3%) were the most aggressive, whereas, Fraser (Johor) (T4) (8.3%) and Pinji (Perak) (T8) (3.7%) were the least aggressive. Vegetative growth measurements (VGM), namely leaf area (cm2), diameter of the bole girth (cm) and height (cm), for both 2- and 5-month-old seedlings challenged with the most aggressive T10 isolate were significantly lower compared to both of the least aggressive isolates – T4 and T8, as well as the controls at 4 months-after-treatment (MAT). The linear correlation between DSI with VGM at 16-weeks after treatment was negative, ranging from 0.64 to 0.88 for 5-month-old seedlings. Two-month-old seedlings are more preferable in the future nursery experiments compared to 5- month-old seedlings, as the former seedlings were more responsive in terms of DSI and all the VGM parameters measured.
Fatty acid, mineral and proximate composition of some seaweeds from the northeastern Mediterranean coast.

Proximate analysis, fatty acid profile and mineral content were investigated in brown (Cystoseira corniculata, Padina pavonia) and red seaweeds (Laurencia papillosa and Jania rubens). The highest protein content was obtained for P. pavonia (35.40% dry weight) followed by L. papillosa (34.65% dry wt). Lipid contents of seaweeds ranged from 6.73% for L. papillosa to 0.12% dry weight for J. rubens. The fatty acid compositions of seaweed species included 31.66-47.97% saturated fatty acids (SFA), 23.04-32.06% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and 11.58-18.08% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Mineral analysis showed that the seaweeds contain high amounts of both macro minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, P and K) and trace elements (Zn and Mn).
The impact of voluntary corporate disclosures on the ex-ante cost of capital for Swiss firms

The relationship between disclosure quality and cost of equity capital is an important topic in today's economy. In general, economic theory and anecdotal evidence suggest a negative association. Empirical work on this link, however, is confronted with major methodological drawbacks – neither disclosure level nor cost of capital can be observed directly – and has documented somewhat confounding results so far. Adopting a finite horizon version of the residual income model, I provide evidence on the nature of the above relationship and try to quantify the effect of a firm's voluntary disclosure policy on its implied cost of capital. Switzerland seems especially suited for an analysis of this kind given that Swiss firms have considerable reporting discretion and the mandated level of disclosure is low. For a cross-sectional sample of seventy-three non-financial companies I show a negative and highly significant association between the two variables. The magnitude is such that the most forthcoming firms enjoy about a 1.8 to 2.4% cost advantage over the least forthcoming firms. The findings persist even after controlling for other potentially influential variables, e.g. risk characteristics and firm size. Furthermore, adjusting for self-selection bias – a major concern in disclosure studies – the marginal effect remains of the same direction and even increases in magnitude, although at lower levels of statistical significance. One reason for the strong relationship might be found in differing institutional factors between the US and Swiss capital markets.
Characterization of an Unusual Collection of Olfactory Neurons in the Nose

We have used a combination of histochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches to study signal transduction, membrane biophysics, and chemosensory function in the neurons of the mouse Grueneberg ganglion (GG) olfactory subsystem. The GG is a recently appreciated collection of ~1,000 clustered primary olfactory neurons located at the anterior tip of the mammalian nasal cavity. Despite their far-forward position, GG neurons are fully trapped beneath a keratinized epithelium and are wrapped by glial cells. This raises the question of how they contribute to the sense of smell. We found that GG neurons have key components of cGMP signal transduction pathway and are molecularly similar to GC-D neurons, which project to the enigmatic necklace glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. In electrophysiological analyses, individual GG neurons spontaneously discharged action potentials in one of three distinct temporal patterns that were stable for >20 min. An auxiliary fast-inactivating Na+ current accounted for the various discharge patterns in computer simulations of the neuronal ionic currents. Despite differences in baseline activity, the majority of GG neurons responded to specific mammalian pheromones. In behavioral experiments, we found that the weaning of adolescent mice induced GG activity; however, the effects did not depend on ambient temperature or the presence of other animals. Because GG neurons reside on a dense vascular bed, have specialized access to serum contents, and directly responded to pressure ejections of serum, their activity can likely be modulated by internally circulating hormones or proteins associated with specific physiological states such as stress. Taken together, our results demonstrate unusual molecular and functional aspects of a morphologically and anatomically atypical olfactory nerve.
Effect of Supplementation of Milk Dhara on Milk Yield and Milk Composition in Graded Murrah Buffaloes

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of feeding Milk Dhara supplement on milk yield and composition in lactating buffaloes. Twelve multiparous (2nd/3rd lactation) graded Murrah buffaloes (450 ± 25 kg) in mid lactation (3-4 months) were divided into two groups of six animals each (control and treatment). Animals in both the groups received a basal diet comprising of Hybrid Napier, paddy straw and concentrates while the buffaloes in the treatment group were fed same basal diet plus Milk Dhara (M/S Zydus AHL, Ahmedabad) containing rumen stable bypass fat and protein at 100 g/buffalo/day. Results revealed that milk yield (kg/d), 6% FCM yield (kg/d) and all milk constituents except SNF % increased significantly with addition of supplement containing rumen bypass fat and protein in the diet. Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation of Milk Dhara at 100g/buffalo/day improved milk yield and milk composition in graded Murrah buffaloes.
Biological control of collar rot of sunflower using rhizobacteria.

Sunflower is one of the major oilseed crops grown in India. It is a common observation that the reduction in yields is mainly due to the diseases rather than pests in the crop. Collar rot is one of the major diseases of sunflower caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and has become a big threat to crop production. The pathogen causes pre and post emergence damping-off, root/collar rot and wilt of sunflower and is considered as one of the economically important diseases in India (Hebbar et al., 1991). Controlling this disease by chemical means is very much temporary and deteriorating the soil health. Under these circumstances, biological control is the best alternative to safeguard crop yields. Biological control of plant pathogens has been considered as a potential control strategy in recent years (Weller, 1988). A large number of soil bacteria ABSTRACT