Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGES DENGAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELLITUS PADA LANSIA

Elderly becomes the most risky group in developing type 2 diabetes because they are more susceptible for carbohydrate metabolism disorders that can appear as diabetes. This study was aimed to determine the correlation between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sex with the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. The population in this study were all elderly population (age> 60 years) in Jagir Public Health Center working area. This research used case control design with simple random sampling technique as a sampling method. The number of samples was 78 respondents with 39 samples of case group and 39 samples of control group. Data were analyzed using linear regression and logistic regression test. The results showed that there was a correlation between the consumption of SSBs and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in elderly (p = 0.000; OR = 9.375). Female elderly consumed more SSBs than men elderly (female's sugar consumption 26.9%, brown sugar 69.2%, syrup 75.6% and sachet drinks 73.1%, while mal’s sugar consumption 9%, brown sugar 20.5%, syrup 16.7% and sachet drinks 15.4%). In conclusion, this research revealed consumption of SSB’s was higher in female elderly and SSB’s consumption was correlated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Comparative study of midazolam, dexmedetomidine, and ketamine as an adjuvant to lidocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia for forearm and hand surgeries

Background Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is an ideal method of providing anesthesia for minor surgical procedures to the extremities performed on an ambulatory basis. This study aimed to study the effects of adding midazolam, dexmedetomidine, or ketamine as an adjuvant to lidocaine in IVRA during forearm and hand surgeries and examine their benefits and complications. Patients and methods A total of 120 patients were included, aged 40–60 years (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II), undergoing hand and forearm, from April 2015 to August 2016. Patients were randomly divided into four equal groups. Lidocaine-only group (LL group) received IVRA using 40 ml of lidocaine 0.5% (3 mg/kg). Lidocaine plus midazolam group (LM group) received IVRA using 40 ml of lidocaine 0.5% (3 mg/kg) plus midazolam 50 µg/kg added as an adjuvant. Lidocaine plus dexmedetomidine group (LD group) received IVRA using 40 ml of lidocaine 0.5% (3 mg/kg) plus dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg added as an adjuvant. Lidocaine plus ketamine group (LK group) received IVRA using 40 ml of lidocaine 0.5% (3 mg/kg) plus ketamine 0.5 mg/kg added as an adjuvant. The time of onset, duration, and quality of analgesia; levels of sensory and motor block; heart rate; mean arterial blood pressure; and visual analog score were recorded. Adverse effects of hematoma, injection pain, skin erythema, sedation, and hallucinations were recorded. Results The onset time of sensory and motor blocks was significantly shorter in the adjuvant groups LM, LD, LK in comparison with the control group LL. The grade of sensory and motor blocks was significantly better in groups LM, LD, and LK in comparison with the LL group. The onset time of tourniquet pain was significantly shorter in the control group LL in comparison with adjuvant groups LM, LD, and LK. There was a significant increase in fentanyl requirements in the control LL group compared with adjuvant LM, LD, and LK groups. The duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly prolonged in adjuvant groups LM, LD, and LK compared with the control LL group. Hematoma, injection pain, cutaneous erythema, and hallucination were reported as postoperative complications. Conclusion The addition of midazolam, dexmedetomidine, or ketamine to lidocaine for IVRA improved the quality of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia with minimal adverse effects and higher patients and surgeon satisfaction.
PREVALENCE OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE WOMEN WITH HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES IN A GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL IN BATAM, INDONESIA AND ITS SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS

ABSTRACT Background: The Ministry of Health, Indonesia reported that hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy were among the chronic diseases causing a high proportion of maternal mortality in 2014. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of modern contraceptive practice among married women in reproductive age with diabetes and hypertension and to determine the socio-demographic factors that are associated with modern contraceptive practise among these women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 235 married women with hypertension and diabetes aged 15-49 years in Batam, Indonesia. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to estimate the prevalence of contraceptive practise and to determine the socio-demographic and economic factors that are associated with modern contraceptive practise among these women. Result: The prevalence of modern contraceptive practise among these women was 53.1%. Women with younger age were more likely to practise modern contraceptives compared to older age group (AOR=9.38, 95% CI= 2.40-36.57) and women who had one or more children had higher odds of contraceptive practise compared to those with no children (AOR= 33.8, 95% CI= 2.82-406.12). Conclusion: This study has identified that only about half of diabetic and hypertensive women in reproductive age were practicing modern contraceptives. Young age and having children were the predictors of modern contraceptive practice. Future collaborations with related agencies is needed to promote the right contraceptive methods for women with chronic conditions. Keywords: Modern contraceptive use, hypertension, diabetes, Batam, Indonesia.
Secondary anal cancer prevention in the HIV-infected: a step ahead but a long way to go.

Non-AIDS defining cancers have become more important than the classical AIDS-defining cancers Kaposi’s sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the last one or two decades [1,2]. An important non-AIDS defining cancer is anal cancer. Its incidence is much more common in people living with HIV [3–5], and has risen strongly since effective combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) became available. Some studies indicate its incidence is still rising, while others suggest the incidence rate is plateauing [6,7]. The mortality of anal cancer is high, and quality of life after treatment can be severely affected.
Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Sofosbuvir-Based Therapies (Double and Triple Regimens) in Chronic HCV Patients

Background and study aim: Egypt has the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus in the world and it is about14.7 %. Until 2012, the combination of pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin was the standard of care in CHC. Sofosbuvir has an excellent tolerability and safety. Most severe adverse effects were observed when sofosbuvir was combined with ribavirin and/or pegylated interferon. The aim of this study is to compare double therapy (sofosbuvir + ribavirin) and triple therapy (sofosbuvir + ribavirin +peg- INF) for chronic HCV infection in Egyptian patients as regards efficacy and adverse effects. Patients and Methods: The study included 72 patients allocated in two groups according to the criteria of eligibility to interferon therapy in the National Committee for Control of Viral Hepatitis protocol. Group I received the double therapy for Session [UserIDID] weeks (ribavirin and sofosbuvir) and group II received the triple therapy for 12 weeks (INF, ribavirin and sofosbuvir). The two groups were followed up all through the period of treatment and for three months after treatment and the all the changes in the laboratory parameters were monitored along with the adverse effects and response to treatment. Results: The rate of sustained virological response was 88.9% in group I vs 94.4% in group II there was no significant differences between the two groups as regards the side effects encountered during treatment except for fatigue and flu like symptoms which were significantly higher in group II. Conclusion: Double therapy (sofosbuvir and ribavirin) for Session [UserIDID] weeks is effective as triple therapy (INF, sofosbuvir and ribavirin) for 12 weeks in treating Egyptian patients with hepatitis C with less side effects.
Growth Performance and Weight Estimation of Large White Piglets Weaned at Different Ages

The study was carried out on 24 neonatal large white piglets at the National Livestock Breeding Station, Pong-Tamale to assess their performance when weaned at different ages and to determine the relationship between linear body measurements and the body weight of piglets in weight prediction. The piglets were randomly weaned at three selected weaning ages (4, 6 and 8 weeks) but reared under uniform conditions. Initial body weight (BW), initial body length (BL), initial chest girth (CG) and initial height at withers (HW); were measured. Weekly measurements of the parameters were taken for 20 weeks. By the 20th week, piglets weaned at 8 weeks were superior (P 0.05) were recorded in the body length and the height at withers of the selected weaned ages. The chest girth was the best predictor of body weight, yielding highest prediction accuracies of 92.3% (at 5 weeks), 76.9% (at 10 weeks), 86.1% (at 15 weeks) and 87.5% (at 20 weeks). Conclusively, large white piglets grew better when weaned at 8 weeks, and chest girth could be reliably used to predict body weight in large white grower pigs. Keywords : Swine, body measurements, linear, livestock, prediction Cite this Article Birteeb Peter T, Tetteh Isaac O, Salifu Abdul-Rahaman S. Growth Perfor-mance and Weight Estimation of Large White Piglets Weaned at Different Ages. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology . 2015; 4(3): 15–23p.
Timing of presentation and correlation with computed tomography in pediatric patients with minor head trauma

Background: The presentation of minor head trauma warrants immediate and accurate diagnosis for early clinical management among children. Computed Tomography is the gold standard tool for the diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) among the children. The timing of presentation may have a significant role in predicting the incidence of TBI. This study was done to compare the CT findings among children who presented within and after 24 hours with minor head trauma.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 992 children between 2-15 years reporting with a history of head injury. All the participants were clinically examined, and relevant history of type of injury and timing of presentation was recorded. CT scan was taken as per PECARN criteria. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS ver 15 software.Results: Majority of the participants belonged to 6-10 years of age (45.2%) and were males (58.5%). About 81.7% of the participants presented within 24 hours. The overall prevalence of TBI among the study participants was 58.6% [55.5-61.6]. It was observed that hematoma predominantly presented after 24 hours (74.2%) and majority of the falls presented after 24 hours (92.8%). Patients who presented after 24 hours were at increased risk of presenting as TBI (67.03%) compared to those presenting within 24 hours (56.8%;p<0.05). Conclusions: This study has emphasized the need for including the timing of presentation as a key factor for facilitating early diagnosis and rapid case management of pediatric head trauma.
Seasonal distribution of pertussis

Introduction/Objective. The seasonality of pertussis is not exactly determined. The aim of this study was to describe the seasonal distribution of pertussis in the South Backa District of Vojvodina, Serbia, during four consecutive years. Methods. Data for this observational study were obtained from outpatient and inpatient health care facilities in the South Backa District from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016. We evaluated the seasonal distribution of pertussis among the patients who fulfilled one or more criteria of clinical case definitions of pertussis proposed by the Global Pertussis Initiative. Laboratory confirmations of pertussis were obtained using real-time polymerase chain reaction or ELISA serology tests. Results. A total of 1,043 participants were included, of which 28.8% were laboratory-confirmed pertussis, with the highest prevalence of laboratory confirmation (66%) in June 2016. Observed by seasons (spring, summer, fall, and winter), there was no significant difference in the average number of testing patients or laboratory-confirmed pertussis during the study period. The average number of laboratory-confirmed cases was significantly higher in patients 0? 6 years of age (p = 0.020), and with a borderline of significance in the 7? 10 years age group (p = 0.049) in summer, compared to other three seasons during four consecutive years. Conclusions. With the increased physician awareness after implementation of the new clinical case definitions, pertussis was recognized throughout all four consecutive years without a clear seasonal pattern of occurrence in our area. Paralleling increase of laboratory-confirmed pertussis during summer months in comparison with other seasons in younger and older age groups suggests a possible transmission within families.
Inflammation: A key process in skin tumorigenesis

The extremely delicate shift from an inflammatory process to tumorigenesis is a field of major scientific interest. While the inflammation induced by environmental agents has well known underlying mechanisms, less is known concerning the oncogenic changes that follow an inflammatory chronic status in the tissue microenvironment that can lead to pro-tumorigenic processes. Regardless of the origin of the environmental factors, the maintenance of an inflammatory microenvironment is a clear condition that favors tumorigenesis. Inflammation sustains the proliferation and survival of malignant transformed cells, can promote angiogenesis and metastatic processes, can negatively regulate the antitumoral adaptive and innate immune responses and may alter the efficacy of therapeutic agents. There is an abundance of studies focusing on molecular pathways that trigger inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis, and these data have revealed a series of biomarkers that can improve the diagnosis and prognosis in oncology. In skin there is a clear connection between tissue destruction, inflammation and tumor onset. Inflammation is a self-limiting process in normal physiological conditions, while tumor is a constitutive process activating new pro-tumor mechanisms. Among skin cancers, the most commonly diagnosed skin cancers, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have important inflammatory components. The most aggressive skin cancer, melanoma, is extensively research in regards to the new context of novel developed immune-therapies. In skin cancers, inflammatory markers can find their place in the biomarker set for improvement of diagnosis and prognosis.
Tardive Dystonia due to D2 Antagonists and Other Agents

Tardive dystonia due to D2 antagonists or other agents is a potentially severe extrapy- ramidal side effect emerging after long-term drug treatment, prevalent but not limited to psychiatric populations. Its course is often deteriorating, and available treatments are frequently far from satisfying. It presents with sustained muscle contractions, abnormal postures, and repetitive twisting movements and leads to increased psychiatric morbid - ity, mortality, and decline of quality of life. Inadequate clinical skill and awareness of tar dive dystonia can lead to neglect or misdiagnoses, considered as conversion symptoms or of psychogenic origin. Since the syndrome is persistent and often treatment resistant, pre vention should be a mainstay of clinical care. Emerging evidence supports positive effects of atypical antipsychotics, particularly quetiapine and clozapine. Therapies such as tet -rabenazine, valbenazine, deutetrabenazine, anticholinergics, baclofen, benzodiazepines, vitamin E, or non-pharmacologic interventions, namely botulinum toxin A, deep-brain stimulation, have been found to be helpful in some cases of tardive dystonia. This chapter comprehensively illustrates multiple aspects of this entity, including recent advances on etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, epidemiology, pharmacogenomics, and treatment, aiming to enhance and deepen clinicians’ and researchers’ awareness of tar dive dystonia, with the final goal of ameliorating patients’ prognosis and quality of life. symptoms and more severe extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) predicted nonremission of tar dive syndromes in general. Risk factors for the emergence of tardive syndromes were EPS and physical illness (stroke, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, chronic pain, cancer, and other chronic ill -nesses, e.g., hypertension, hyperthyroidism, renal stone, gastric ulcer, hyperlipidemia, benign tumor such as ovarian tumor and uterine myoma, and heart disease), but odd ratios were not calculated specifically for TDt. No difference in risk was found comparing first- generation antipsychotics (FGAs) to SGAs.
PEDIATRIC HOME MECHANICAL VENTILATION: A CANADIAN THORACIC SOCIETY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE Section 8: Muscular dystrophies and home ventilation

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy and is present in about 1 in 3600 to 6000 newborn males. Respiratory function typically peaks during the preadolescent period and then declines by approximately 5–8% each year in the adolescent. Nocturnal events in patients with DMD initially consist of obstructive events without hypercapnia, followed by central and hypopneic events associated with hypercapnia. These events are first seen during REM sleep but will progress to other sleep states and waking periods as the disease progresses. Once significant signs of end-stage disease are present, such as a vital capacity less than 1 L, death from respiratory failure typically follows within 3 years (5-year survival of 8%). Furthermore, when daytime hypercapnia develops, survival without respiratory support decreases to <12months. Death usually occurs due to respiratory failure around the age of 20. Respiratory failure and infection are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in this population, but cardiomyopathy can also be a significant contributor in dystrophinopathies. Currently, the natural history and progression of DMD has been altered with the advent of respiratory ventilatory support (reviewed in this section), airway clearance supports (reviewed in Section 4) and medical treatments with cardioprotective medications and with systemic corticosteroids. Systemic corticosteroids in particular appear to prolong the time to the onset of vital capacity (VC) decline, the rate of VC decline and the need for noninvasive ventilation during the pediatric age range. There is, however, a recognized increase in obstructive sleep apnea in adolescents with DMD associated with corticosteroid therapy.
CT Scan as A Diagnostic Modality of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Systematic Review

Introduction. Preoperative diagnosis of GIST is an important factor in the management. However, due to the rarity of the case, there is a controversy about the accuracy of CT scan as an accurate diagnostic tool. Therefore, a systematic review is required to find out the answer. Method. A review was conducted to find out evidence of the highest level regarding the accuracy of CT scan as a diagnostic modality of GIST. The study addressed to find out the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. A literature search carried out in database sites i.e. PubMed, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane using keywords “gastrointestinal stromal tumor” OR “GIST” AND “ultrasound” OR “CT scan” OR “MRI” AND “diagnostic” OR “imaging”. Systematic reviews, RCTs, cohort study, case report or series, studies in adults, published within the last ten years, and availability in full text were included. Correspondence, editorial, or commentary, and no histopathology data were excluded. The articles were critically appraised. The review proceeded in accordance with PRISMA. Results. Twelve studies were analyzed in the study. The sensitivity of CT scan was in range of 77.26–94.9%, specificity 77.2–100%, PPV 74.38–100%, and NPV 68.32–81.2%. CT scan was found to be the modality of choice in establishing the diagnosis of GIST. Central necrosis, heterogenous enhancement, cavitation without lymphadenopathy were the features represented by CT scan. Conclusion. CT scan is the modality of choice in establishing diagnosis of uncomplicated GIST, with sensitivity and specificity of 94.9% and 100%, respectively. Other modalities were considered in advanced or GIST with metastasis
Assessment of Sub-Endometrial Junction Zone by 3-Dimensional Transvaginal Ultrasound in Unexplained Recurrent Implantation Failure and Its Effect on ICSI Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Sub-endometrial junction zone (JZ) plays an important role in most of reproductive functions. OBJECTIVE: To find out the effect of the sub-endometrial JZ thickness assessment by 3-D trans-vaginal ultrasound (TVUS) on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes in patients with unexplained recurrent implantation failure (RIF). SETTING: ART Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt. DURATION: From April 2016 to October 2018. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study. METHDS: Fifty couples with history of unexplained RIF in previous ICSI cycles and prepared for another ICSI cycle (group I) and fifty couples with unexplained infertility prepared for ICSI for the first time (group II) had been included in this study. At time of ovum pick up, 3-DTVUS was done for all cases in both groups for assessment of sub endometrial junction zone thickness and correlated with ICSI outcome. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between group I and group II in JZ thickness in the 3 uterine regions (fundus, anterior and posterior walls) with p 0.001, but there were mildly statistically significant differences between both groups in chemical and clinical pregnancy rates with p CONCLUSIONS: The thickness of JZ in patients with history of unexplained RIF was higher than those with unexplained infertility scheduled for ICSI. The JZ thickness was inversely correlated with increased embryo implantation rates in ICSI procedures, the thinner the JZ thickness was associated with higher pregnancy rates (both chemical and clinical pregnancy rates).
Support for Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding support for mothers of newborn babies in neonatal units is the basis for suc- cessful breastfeeding. With this, health professionals should educate the key members of the family and the environment surrounding the family about the benefits of breast milk in the first months of life and how to encourage and support the mother in the first months of life breastfeeding days. Exclusive breastfeeding is the most effective intervention to reduce infant morbidity and mortality and is estimated to prevent 13% of infant mortality under 5 years in low-income countries. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is alarmingly low in developing countries. Mothers who face problems in breastfeeding immediately turn to high-quality milk formulas. Therefore, it is very important to assume the responsibility of health professionals to identify and adequately manage breastfeeding problems. UNICEF/World Health Organization, through the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), has recommended good health care practices that support breastfeeding to increase the likelihood of optimal breastfeeding. The focus of breastfeeding in preterm infants and hospitalized term infants should must worry on the physical, emotional, legal, and social difficulties that may occur in the mother. It is necessary to consciously strengthen these terms for a successful breastfeeding.