Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
They Can’t All Be Stars: The Matthew Effect, Cumulative Status Bias, and Status Persistence in NBA All-Star Elections

This study investigates the extent to and mechanisms through which Matthew effects create persistent status hierarchies. We propose a model that highlights the role of cumulative status bias in the feedback loop that leads from initial status allocation to status confirmation. We investigate the formalized process of repeated status allocation in annual elections to the National Basketball Association (NBA) All-Star game. Using detailed records on player performances allows us to isolate the Matthew effect from actual productivity differences to show that a previous All-Star nomination improves the chances to be re-nominated. We demonstrate that this Matthew effect is partly explained by improved productivity after an All-Star nomination, but voters’ evaluations are also directly biased by a player’s prior status. Multiple previous nominations further improve a player’s chances, confirming the importance of cumulative status bias. The resulting status-biased persistence of achieved status implies ever greater decoupling of productivity and status, undermining the meritocratic allocation of status and resources even more than the existing literature acknowledges.
Epidemic process on a random graph: some preliminary results

A random graph is a collection of n points and n directed arcs: a directed arc goes equiprobably from each point to one of (n – 1) other points. m points are initially ‘infected'. We consider several schemes of epidemic process, e.g. when the infection is delivered according to arc direction. We prove that the probability of infecting all the n points with m = 1 is ∼ e/n, when n → ∞; another result is that m = o(√ n) cannot infect an essential part of the graph (having the size of O(n)). Possible applications of the models to real world phenomena are briefly discussed.
Frontal Sinus Balloon Sinuplasty—Patient Satisfaction and Factors Predicting Reoperation

Abstract Objective To explore predictive factors of postoperative outcome of frontal sinus balloon dilation. Study Design Retrospective questionnaire study. Setting Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland. Methods We reviewed electronic records of all patients who underwent frontal sinus balloon dilatation (successful or attempted) in our clinic from 2008 to 2019. We documented patient characteristics, preoperative imaging results, intraoperative factors, possible complications, and reoperations. Those who underwent frontal sinus balloon sinuplasty were sent a questionnaire regarding their current symptoms and long‐term satisfaction with surgery. Results In total, 258 operations (404 frontal sinuses) were reviewed, with a technical success rate of 93.6% (n = 378). The revision rate was 15.7% (n = 38). Previous sinonasal surgery predicted a higher revision rate (p = .004, odds ratio [OR] = 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40‐6.56). Patients with hybrid surgery had significantly fewer reoperations compared to the balloon only group (p = .002, OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.16‐0.67). The response rate of the questionnaire was 64.5% (n = 156), of which 88.5% (n = 138) reported a long‐term benefit from the balloon sinuplasty. Patient satisfaction was higher (p = .02, OR = 8.26, 95% CI 1.06‐64.24) among patients using nasal corticosteroids. Conclusion Technical success rate and patient satisfaction after frontal sinus balloon sinuplasty are high. Balloon sinuplasty seems insufficient in reoperations. A hybrid approach appears to result in fewer reoperations than a balloon only approach.
GM(1,1) model based on oscillation sequences

Although the GM(1,1)model has a high forecast accuracy on the nonnegative smooth monotone sequence,it has not ideal forecast effect on oscillation sequence.So this paper proposed a conversion method.Firstly,it turns the oscillation sequence into monotone sequence by means of accelerated translation theory,then makes Weighting Mean Value Generating operation,finally it establishes GM(1,1)model on the basis of Weighting Mean Value Generating sequence.The example shows that this method can improve the forecast accuracy,especially for the monotone sequence,therefore it expands the application scope of GM(1,1)model.
Neumann Boundary Value Problems for Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations Across Resonance

There have been some applications of optimal control theory to boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations. Among previous works, the best lengths of intervals on which the boundary value problem admits a solution are estimated by Pontryagin's maximum principle. Hence such approaches are local and the presented conditions are actually not across points of resonance as in the Lazer-Leach condition. Here we consider the existence-uniqueness problem in a class of Neumann boundary value problems for second-order ordinary differential equations probably across several points of resonance. By the optimal control theory method and a careful analysis, we obtain some global optimality results about the existence and uniqueness of solutions for boundary value problems.
Dietary and Nutraceutical Interventions as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy—A Systematic Review

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review on the influence of dietary and nutraceutical interventions as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). A literature search for randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) was performed in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. Trial inclusion criteria included the application of a defined nutritional intervention (food, beverages, or supplements) adjunctive to NSPT compared to NSPT alone with at least one measured periodontal parameter (pocket probing depths (PPD) or clinical attachment level (CAL)). Of 462 search results, 20 clinical trials relating to periodontitis and nutritional interventions were identified, of which, in total, 14 studies could be included. Eleven studies examined supplements containing lycopene, folate, chicory extract, juice powder, micronutrients and plant extracts, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, or vitamin D. Three studies examined food-based interventions (kiwifruit, green or oolong tea). Due to limited information on within-group differences in the studies, results were descriptively analyzed. A significant positive effect on periodontal parameters (PPD, bleeding on probing) was found for vitamin E, chicory extract, juice powder, green tea, and oolong tea. Heterogeneous effects were found for lycopene, folate, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D. No effects on PPD were found for adjunct kiwifruit (in combination with NSPT). Risk of bias via RoB2 revealed a low risk of bias with some concerns. There was a high heterogeneity in the type of nutritional interventions. The adjunctive use of various supplements and green/oolong tea led to positive and significant effects of the nutritional interventions on clinical periodontal outcome parameters. In the context of non-surgical periodontal therapy, an adjunctive intake of micronutrients, omega-3 fatty acids, green/oolong tea, and polyphenols and flavonoids could be beneficial. Long-term clinical studies with full data reports (especially within-group differences) are needed for conducting a meta-analysis.
Long-term variability of the Be/X-ray binary A0535+26 — III. Photometry

UBV-band photometric observations of the Be/X-ray binary system HDE 245770/A0535+26 over the last decade are presented. It is shown that the emission at all wavelengths is correlated, and that no resolvable time-lag exists between variations in differing wavebands. This is suggestive of emission from only one source within the system. It is found that the optical continuum can be understood as optically thin free--free and bound--free emission from material in the circumstellar disc around the primary Oe star. We find a change in the emission measure of the disc by a factor of ∼ 40 over the course of the observations. If this is interpreted as a variation in the mass-loss rate from the primary, it corresponds to a change by a factor of␣∼ 6. Period searches on the optical light curve reveal no evidence for modulation of the circumstellar envelope at the orbital period; therefore it seems unlikely that the mass-loss rate from the primary is affected by the neutron star at periastron. No positive correlation exists␣between the optical and X-ray light curves; such a result appears to exclude models for the X-ray behaviour in which accretion is directly fed from the dense circumstellar wind of the primary. It is likely that X-ray outbursts are instead triggered by discrete mass ejection events from the primary.
Dissolved organic matter in peat and marl marshes varies with nutrient enrichment and restored hydrology

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) drives biogeochemical processes in aquatic ecosystems. Yet, how hydrologic restoration in nutrient‐enriched ecosystems changes DOM and the consequences of those changes for the carbon cycle remain unclear. To predict the consequences of hydrologic restoration on carbon cycling in restored wetlands, we need to understand how local environmental factors influence production, processing, and transport of DOM. We collected surface water samples along transects in restored peat (organic‐rich, macrophyte‐dominated) and marl (carbonate, periphyton‐dominated) freshwater marshes in the Everglades (Florida, U.S.A.) that varied in environmental factors (water depth, phosphorus [P] concentrations [water, macrophytes, periphyton, and soil], and primary producer biomass) to understand drivers of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and DOM composition. Higher water depths led to a “greening” of DOM, due to increasing algal contributions, with decreasing concentrations of DOC in peat wetlands, and a “browning” of DOM, due to increasing humic contributions, with increasing DOC concentrations in marl wetlands. Soil total P was positively correlated with DOC concentrations and microbial contributions to DOM in peat wetlands, and periphyton total P was positively correlated with algal contributions to DOM in marl wetlands. Despite large variations in both vegetation biomass and periphyton biovolume across transects and sites, neither were predictors of DOC concentrations or DOM composition. Hydrologic restoration differentially alters DOM in peat and marl marshes and interacts with nutrient enrichment to shift proportions of green and brown contributions to surface water chemistry, which has the potential to modify wetland food webs, as well as the processing of carbon by micro‐organisms.
Influence of chirality on the interfacial bonding characteristics of carbon nanotube polymer composites

The influence of chirality on the interfacial bonding characteristics of single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) reinforced polymer composites was investigated using molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations indicate that the interfacial bonding and shear stress between the SWNT and the poly(methyl methacrylate) depends on the chirality. For SWNTs with similar molecular weights, diameters, and lengths, nanotubes with larger chiral angles achieve higher bonding energy and the armchair nanotube may be the best nanotube type for reinforcement. The general conclusions derived from this work may be of importance in devising advanced nanotube reinforced composites.
The Development of Entrepreneurial Marketing

There has been a growing interest in the area of entrepreneurial marketing. Both conceptual studies and empirical papers have been published at an increasing frequency in the past three decades. However, this research area remains scattered, with various conceptualizations, definitions, and approaches to researching entrepreneurial marketing proposed in the literature. To help integrate the different thoughts and findings in entrepreneurial marketing, we trace scholarly discussions of entrepreneurial marketing back to the early pioneers in this field, review key ideas and frameworks that have been developed over time, and propose the concept of the Entrepreneurial Marketing Cycle (EMC). The EMC concept incorporates past findings and will help develop future research in entrepreneurial
A microencapsulated feed additive containing organic acids and botanicals has a distinct effect on proliferative and metabolic related signaling in the jejunum and ileum of broiler chickens

Well designed and formulated natural feed additives have the potential to provide many of the growth promoting and disease mitigating characteristics of in-feed antibiotics, particularly feed additives that elicit their effects on targeted areas of the gut. Here, we describe the mechanism of action of a microencapsulated feed additive containing organic acids and botanicals (AviPlus®P) on the jejunum and ileum of 15-day-old broiler-type chickens. Day-of-hatch chicks were provided ad libitum access to feed containing either 0 or 500 g/MT of the feed additive for the duration of the study. Fifteen days post-hatch, birds were humanely euthanized and necropsied. Jejunum and ileum tissue samples were collected and either flash frozen or stored in RNA-later as appropriate for downstream applications. Chicken-specific kinome peptide array analysis was conducted on the jejunum and ileum tissues, comparing the tissues from the treated birds to those from their respective controls. Detailed analysis of peptides representing individual kinase target sites revealed that in the ileum there was a broad increase in the signal transduction pathways centering on activation of HIF-1α, AMPK, mTOR, PI3K-Akt and NFκB. These signaling responses were largely decreased in the jejunum relative to control birds. Gene expression analysis agrees with the kinome data showing strong immune gene expression in the ileum and reduced expression in the jejunum. The microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals elicit a more anti-inflammatory phenotype and reduced signaling in the jejunum while resulting in enhanced immunometabolic responses in the ileum.
Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Males With Androgenetic Alopecia

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common cause of hair loss in men with limited treatment options. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is one of the newer treatment modalities in the management of AGA with promising results. Aim: The aim is to assess the efficacy of PRP in males with AGA and to study any adverse events associated with the procedure. Methods: A total of 30 patients participated in the study, and they were administered PRP injections every three weeks for four sessions. An evaluator’s visual assessment of improvement based on digital photographs was done at three, six, and nine weeks and then at the end of the fourth month. The patient’s perception of improvement was evaluated on a 7-point scale at the baseline and at the end of the fourth month. Results: Of the 30 participants, 27 completed all four sessions. Mild improvement was seen in 13 (48.1%) patients, moderate improvement was seen in five (18.5%) patients, and excellent improvement was seen in one (3.7%) patient. Six (22.2%) patients had involvement in the vertex region of the scalp; of them, three (50%) had moderate improvement, one (16.7%) had excellent improvement, and two (33.3%) had mild improvement. Twenty-one (77.8%) patients had involvement in the fronto-temporal region of the scalp, of which nine (42.9%) had mild improvement, and five (23.8%) had moderate improvement. Conclusion: PRP treatment alone appeared to be a simple, cost-effective treatment for AGA with good results.
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the DGAT1 Gene with the Fatty Acid Composition of Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs109421300 of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) on bovine chromosome 14 is associated with fat yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SNP rs109421300 on production traits and the fatty acid composition of milk from cows milked once a day (OAD) and twice a day (TAD) under New Zealand grazing conditions. Between September 2020 and March 2021, 232 cows from a OAD herd and 182 cows from a TAD herd were genotyped. The CC genotype of SNP rs109421300 was associated with significantly (p < 0.05) higher fat yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage, and lower milk and protein yields in both milking frequencies. The CC genotype was also associated with significantly (p < 0.05) higher proportions of C16:0 and C18:0, higher predicted solid fat content at 10 °C (SFC10), and lower proportions of C4:0 and C18:1 cis-9 in both milking frequencies. The association of SNP with fatty acids was similar in both milking frequencies, with differences in magnitudes. The SFC10 of cows milked OAD was lower than cows milked TAD for all three SNP genotypes suggesting the suitability of OAD milk for producing easily spreadable butter. These results demonstrate that selecting cows with the CC genotype is beneficial for New Zealand dairy farmers with the current payment system, however, this would likely result in less spreadable butter.
Macroalgae Biorefinery for the Cosmetic Industry: Basic Concept, Green Technology, and Safety Guidelines

With the growth in the number of people searching for ways to improve personal care, the consumer finds the solution in cosmetic products. However, this demand is currently made concomitantly with the demand for products of natural origin, including seaweed. Algae, in their composition, are full of bioactive compounds with several applications. Therefore, their insertion in cosmetics is evidenced in the high number of scientific studies, which makes this natural resource potentially useful for the cosmetic industry. From this, a review was conducted with the aim of highlighting some of these active compounds and the latent applicability and versatility of others. In addition, the best way to add to the production of these substances while staying in alignment with green consumption, the design of biorefineries, and the promising production of macroalgae on a large scale using green technologies was sought.
Investigating microbial diversity and UV radiation impact at the high-altitude Lake Aguas Calientes, Chile

The High-Lakes Project is funded by the NAI and explores the highest perennial volcanic lakes on Earth in the Bolivian and Chilean Andes, including several lakes ~6,000 m elevation. These lakes represent an opportunity to study the evolution of microbial organisms in relatively shallow waters not providing substantial protection against UV radiation. Aguas Calientes (5,870 m) was investigated (November 2006) and samples of water and sediment collected at 1, 3, 5, and 10 cm depth. An Eldonet UV dosimeter positioned on the shore records UV radiation and temperature, and is logging data year round. A UV SolarLight sensor allowed acquisition of point measurements in all channels at the time of the sampling. UVA, UVB, and PAR peaks between 11:00 am and 1:00 pm reached 7.7 mW/cm2, 48.5 μW/cm2, and 511 W/m2, respectively. The chemical composition of the water sample was analyzed. DNA was extracted and DGGE analyses with bacterial and archaeal 16S fragments were performed to describe microbial diversity. Antibiotic resistances were established previously in similar environments in Argentine Andean wetlands. In order to determine these resistances in our samples, they were inoculated onto LB and R2A media and onto R2A medium containing either chloramphenicol, ampicillin or tetracycline. Bacterial was higher than archeal cell number determined by RT-PCR in all the samples, reaching maximum total values of 5x105 cell mL-1. DGGE results from these samples and Licancabur summit lake (5,916 m) samples were also compared. Eight antibiotic-resistant Gram negative strains have been isolated with distinct resistance patterns.
Rectification and voltage gating of ion currents in a nanofabricated pore

We have fabricated a voltage sensor in the form of a conically shaped nanopore in a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil. The pore is produced by irradiation of the foil with a single heavy ion and subsequent etching in alkaline solution. The resulting pore functions as a voltage gate and rectifies ion current due to changes of its diameter in an electrical field. Ion currents through the pore show voltage-dependent fluctuations, whose kinetics are similar as in voltage-gated biological ion channels and pores.
A monotone iteration for axisymmetric vortices with swirl

We consider steady, inviscid axisymmetric vortex flows with swirl in a bounded channel, possibly with obstacles. Such flows can be obtained by solving the non-linear equation (1) − ∂2ψ ∂z2 − r ∂ ∂r ( 1 r ∂ψ ∂r ) = rf(ψ) + h(ψ) where f and h are given functions of the stream function ψ, with ψ prescribed on the boundary of the flow domain. We use an iterative procedure to prove the existence of solutions to this Dirichlet problem under certain conditions on f and h. Solutions are not unique and relations between different families of solutions are obtained. These families include not only vortex rings with swirl, but also flows with tubular regions of swirling vorticity as occur in models of vortex breakdown. AMS Subject Classification: 35Q05, 76C05 Date: September 22, 2002. 1
Memory and Management: Competing Controls on Long‐Term Nitrate Trajectories in U.S. Rivers

Excess nitrogen from intensive agricultural production, atmospheric N deposition, and urban point sources elevates stream nitrate concentrations, leading to problems of eutrophication and ecosystem degradation in coastal waters. A major emphasis of current US‐scale analysis of water quality is to better our understanding of the relationship between changes in anthropogenic N inputs within watersheds and subsequent changes in riverine N loads. While most water quality modeling assumes a positive linear correlation between watershed N inputs and riverine N, many efforts to reduce riverine N through improved nutrient management practices result in little or no short‐term improvements in water quality. Here, we use nitrate concentration and load data from 478 US watersheds, along with developed N input trajectories for these watersheds, to quantify time‐varying relationships between N inputs and riverine N export. Our results show substantial variations in watershed N import‐export relationships over time, with quantifiable hysteresis effects. Our results show that more population‐dense urban watersheds in the northeastern U.S. more frequently show clockwise hysteresis relationships between N imports and riverine N export, with accelerated improvements in water quality being achieved through the implementation of point‐source controls. In contrast, counterclockwise hysteresis dynamics are more common in agricultural watersheds, where time lags occur between the implementation of nutrient management practices and water‐quality improvements. Finally, we find higher tile‐drainage densities to be associated with more linear relationships between N inputs and riverine N. The empirical analysis in this study is bolstered by modeled simulations to reproduce and further explain drivers behind the hysteretic relationships commonly observed in the monitored watersheds.
Structural and Functional Characterization of the Newly Designed Antimicrobial Peptide Crabrolin21

(1) Background: antimicrobial resistance is becoming a dramatic problem for public health, and the design of new antimicrobial agents is an active research area. (2) Methods: based on our previous work, we designed an improved version of the crabrolin peptide and characterized its functional and structural properties with a wide range of techniques. (3) Results: the newly designed peptide, crabrolin21, is much more active than the previous ones and shows specific selectivity towards bacterial cells. (4) Conclusions: crabrolin21 shows interesting properties and deserves further studies.