Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamical responses and stabilities of axially moving nanoscale beams with time-dependent velocity using a nonlocal stress gradient theory

A higher-order mechanical model of axially moving nanoscale beams with time-dependent velocity was developed in the framework of nonlocal stress gradient theory. Based on the correlation between effective and common nonlocal bending moments, a sixth-order partial differential equation of motion with respect to the transverse displacement was derived. Unlike some previous work which assumed the velocity of axially moving nanoscale beam to be a constant, a time-dependent axial velocity was considered for the nanoscale beams. The resonance vibration frequencies were obtained according to the governing equation of motion and corresponding boundary conditions. It was concluded a nonlocal nanoscale strengthening effect that the vibration frequencies of such axially moving nanostructure increase with stronger nonlocal effects, or a larger dimensionless nonlocal nanoscale parameter causes a higher vibration frequency. A jumping phenomenon in frequency field was observed, and the vibration frequency may decrease or increase with an increase in the axial average velocity. Critical speeds of the axially non-uniformly moving nanoscale beams were defined and determined, and the critical speed versus nonlocal nanoscale revealed step and strengthening effects. The theoretical results obtained were compared with some experimental data and good agreement was achieved. Subsequently, the steady-state and stability of such moving nanostructures including the principal parametric and combination resonances were analyzed using a multiple-scale method. Some beneficial analytical procedures and theoretical formulations at nanoscale were provided. Based on specific boundary conditions, the stability boundaries of the axially accelerating nanoscale beams were determined and the unstable regions were influenced by nonlocal nanoscale significantly.
‘POSITIVELY HOMOGENOUS LATTICE HOMOMORPHISMS BETWEEN RIESZ SPACES NEED NOT BE LINEAR’

In [6], the principal aim is to generalize, under the same hypotheses, earlier results obtained by Mena and Roth [4], Thanh [5], Lochan and Strauss [3] and Ercan and Wickstead [2]. More precisely, it is shown that the assumption in the earlier papers on the uniform completeness is not necessary. Moreover, we give a response to [1]. Unfortunately, some typographical errors were introduced. (1) The statement of Theorem 4, page 270, is incorrect as given. So, we replace in the statement of Theorem 4, page 270 the condition ‘T (λe) = λT (e) for each λ ∈ R+’ by ‘T (λe) = λT (e) for each λ ∈ R’. No changes need to be made in the proof. (2) The same thing for the statement of Corollary 6, page 270. So, we replace in the statement of Corollary 6, page 270 the condition ‘T (λe) = λT (e) for each λ ∈ R+’ by ‘T (λe) = λT (e) for each λ ∈ R’. This has no effect on its proof. We only just add in page 271, line 7 the following paragraph: Since β ∈ R+, it follows that −T (−βg) = sup((−T (−βg)) ∧ nT (e)) = sup(− [(T (−βg)) ∨ (−nT (e))]) = sup(− [(T ((−βg) ∨ (−ne))]) = sup(− [(T (−((βg) ∧ (ne)))]). Since (βg) ∧ (ne) ∈ Ae and since T is linear on Ae, it follows that −T (−βg) = sup(− [(T (−((βg) ∧ (ne)))]) = sup(− − [(T (((βg) ∧ (ne)))]) = sup( [ (T (((βg) ∧ (ne)))]) = T (βg). Consequently, T (−βg) = −T (βg) = −βT (g).
Quasi-potentials and Kähler–Einstein Metrics on Flag Manifolds

The proof of this result uses ideas suggested by the theory of linear algebraic groups, in particular Section 8 of Steinberg’s ‘‘Lectures on w x w x Chevalley Groups’’ St1 and Section 14 of Borel and Hirzebruch Bo]Hi . An essential ingredient is an explicit description of the differential forms w x dual to the Dynkin lines St2 ; this description goes back to Borel and w x Hirzebruch Bo]Hi, Section 14 . A special case of this result is proved and w x used by the first and the second authors in Az]Ko to prove the existence of complete Ricci-flat Kahler metrics on the complexification of Rieman̈ nian symmetric spaces of compact type. In our attempt to prove our main w x result, we eventually simplified the arguments in Bo]Hi, Section 14 .
The Diffuse Ionized Gas Halo of the Large Magellanic Cloud

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has an extensive Hα emission halo that traces an extended, warm ionized component of its interstellar medium. Using the Wisconsin Hα Mapper telescope, we present the first kinematic Hα survey of an extensive region around the LMC, from (ℓ, b) = (264.°5, − 45.°5) to (295.°5, − 19.°5), covering +150 ≤ v LSR ≤ + 390 km s−1. We find that ionized hydrogen exists throughout the galaxy and extends several degrees beyond detected neutral hydrogen emission (logNHI/cm−2≈18.3) as traced by 21 cm in current surveys. Using the column density structure of the neutral gas and stellar line-of-sight depths as a guide, we estimate the upper limit mass of the ionized component of the LMC to be roughly M ionized ≈ (0.6–1.8) × 109 M ☉, which is comparable to the total neutral atomic gas mass in the same region (M neutral ≈ 0.76–0.85 × 109 M ☉). Considering only the atomic phases, we find M ionized/M ionized+neutral, to be 46%–68% throughout the LMC and its extended halo. Additionally, we find an ionized gas cloud that extends off of the LMC at (ℓ, b) ≈ (285°, − 28°) into a region previously identified as the Leading Arm complex. This gas is moving at a similar line-of-sight velocity as the LMC and has M ionized/M ionized+neutral = 13%–51%. This study, combined with previous studies of the SMC and extended structures of the Magellanic Clouds, continues to suggest that warm, ionized gas is as massive and dynamically important as the neutral gas in the Magellanic System.
STUDY ON THE COMPUTATION OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCE OF JET ISSUED FROM NOZZLE

物体が空 中を運動 す る場合 はか な らず空気の抵抗 を受 け る。 これ までの実験 に よれば,速 度 が大 き くな る とそ の抵 抗は速度 のおよそ2乗 に比例す る。 い ま運動 の方向 を水平 と垂直方向 に分け,距 離 は前者 をx,後 者 をyで 表わせば,速 度 は それぞれdx/dtお よびdy/dt,加 速 度 はd2x/dt2お よびd2y/dt2で 表 わ され る。 よ って抵 抗係数 をKと すれば2つ の方 向の抵抗力 はK(dx/dt)2 お よびK(dy/dt)2で 表わ され る。 ここにKは 物体の 大小,形 状 に関係す る実験値 であ る。 この抵抗 は物 体の 運動 について速度 を減 らす力にな るか ら負 の力 であ る。 このこ とか ら射 出水 が斜 め上に飛び出 した場合,水 平に 働 く力 は-K(dx/dt)2,垂 直 方向 には 運 動 の方 向 と反 対 に重 力 と-K(dy/dt)2が 同時に働 くので,水 平 お よ び垂直方 向の運動 は次式 で表 わ され る。
Novel Approach to Forecasting Photospheric Emergence of Active Regions

One key aspect of understanding the solar dynamo mechanism and the evolution of solar magnetism is to properly describe the emergence of solar active regions. In this Letter, we describe the Lagrangian photospheric flows dynamics during a simulated flux emergence that produces an active region formed by pores. We analyze the lower photospheric flow organization prior, during and following the rise of an active region, uncovering the repelling and attracting photospheric structures that act as sources and sinks for magnetic element transport. Our results show that around 10 hr before the simulated emergence, considerable global changes are taking place on mesogranular scales indicated by an increase of the number of regions acting as a source to the multiple and scattered emergences of small-scale magnetic flux. At the location of active region’s appearance, the converging flows become weaker and there is an arising of a diverging region 8 hr before the emergence time. Our study also indicates that the strong concentration of magnetic field affects the flow dynamics beyond the area of the actual simulated pores, leading to complex and strongly diverging flows in the neighboring regions. Our findings suggest that the Lagrangian analysis is a powerful tool to describe the changes in the photospheric flows due to magnetic flux emergence.
Spoof surface plasmon modes on doubly corrugated metal surfaces at terahertz frequencies

Spoof surface plasmons (SSPs) have many potential applications such as imaging and sensing, communications, innovative leaky wave antenna and many other passive devices in the microwave and terahertz (THz) spectrum. The extraordinary properties of SSPs (e.g. extremely strong near field, enhanced beam–wave interaction) make them especially attractive for developing novel THz electronic sources. SSP modes on doubly corrugated metal surfaces are investigated and analyzed both theoretically and numerically in this paper. The analytical SSP dispersion expressions of symmetric and anti-symmetric modes are obtained with a simplified modal field expansion method; the results are also verified by the finite integration method. Additionally, the propagation losses are also considered for real copper surfaces with a limited constant conductivity in a THz regime. It is shown that the asymptotical frequency of the symmetric mode at the Brillouin boundary decreases along with the decreased gap size between these two corrugated metal surfaces while the asymptotical frequency increases for the anti-symmetric mode. The anti-symmetric mode demonstrates larger propagation losses than the symmetric mode. Further, the losses for both symmetric and anti-symmetric modes decrease when this gap size enlarges. By decreasing groove depth, the asymptotical frequency increases for both the symmetric and the anti-symmetric mode, but the variation of propagation losses is more complicated. Propagation losses increase along with the increased period. Our studies on the dispersion characteristics and propagation losses of SSP modes on this doubly corrugated metallic structure with various parameters is instructive for numerous applications such as waveguides, circuitry systems with high integration, filters and powerful electronic sources in the THz regime.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Convective Heat Transfer in a Multiple-ventilated Enclosure with Discrete Heat Sources

The experimental and numerical investigation of convective heat transfer in a rectangular cavity of aspect ratio (L/H) = 5 has been presented in this study. The comparison of experimental results is done with a two-dimensional numerical model considered with steady and turbulent flow conditions. Six different arrangements (bottom/bottom/bottom, top/top/top, right/top/left, bottom/top/right, bottom/top/left, and bottom/right/left) were considered. The lowest and highest hotspot temperatures were observed in bottom/bottom/bottom and bottom/right/left arrangements, respectively. For similar configurations, the bottom/bottom/bottom arrangement displays better heat transfer performance, while heat transfer performance is inferior for the bottom/right/left arrangement than all other configurations.
A Novel Order Reduction Approach for LTI Systems Using Cuckoo Search Optimization and Stability Equation

ABSTRACT A new reduction method is given which combines recently developed metahueristic cuckoo search optimization technique and stability equation method for obtaining reduced-order linear time invariant (LTI) system. This paper provides an efficient approach for reduction of both single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) LTI systems. The lower order system obtained by the proposed technique retains the stability of higher order system and matches in steady-state value to the original model. The results of the proposed method are compared with other popular presented approaches of order reduction in the literature. The reduced systems obtained by the proposed method also have lower integral performance indices values than other order reduction techniques. The method is explained by numerical examples.
Large lateral photovoltaic effect with ultrafast relaxation time in SnSe/Si junction

In this paper, we report a large lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) with ultrafast relaxation time in SnSe/p-Si junctions. The LPE shows a linear dependence on the position of the laser spot, and the position sensitivity is as high as 250 mV mm−1. The optical response time and the relaxation time of the LPE are about 100 ns and 2 μs, respectively. The current-voltage curve on the surface of the SnSe film indicates the formation of an inversion layer at the SnSe/p-Si interface. Our results clearly suggest that most of the excited-electrons diffuse laterally in the inversion layer at the SnSe/p-Si interface, which results in a large LPE with ultrafast relaxation time. The high positional sensitivity and ultrafast relaxation time of the LPE make the SnSe/p-Si junction a promising candidate for a wide range of optoelectronic applications.
Dynamic Thermal Characteristic and Its Discrete Algorithm of Stator Windings of the Asynchronous Motor

The dynamic thermal characteristic of the windings is very important for the application,protection and control of motor.Based on the equivalent thermal circuit of the induction motor stator,the dynamic temperature model of the stator winding was established in this paper.Then the parameters of the dynamic thermal characteristic were determined by the method of curve fitting based on the measured temperature data.The discrete algorithm of windings dynamic thermal characteristic which can be used to calculate the windings temperature under variable load was also studied in this paper.Experimental results show that the discrete algorithm can accurately calculate the maximum temperature of the windings in a variety of operating conditions.The error will not be accumulated with time,and the initial error will be gradually reduced.It lays the foundation for high-efficiency application,high-accuracy protection and high-precision control of the motor.
Commuting Dilations and Uniform Algebras

Let X be a compact Hausdorff space, let C(X) be the algebra of complex-valued continuous functions on X, and let A be a uniform algebra on X. Fix a nonzero complex homomorphism τ on A and a representing measure m for τ on X. The abstract Hardy space Hp = Hp (m), 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, determined by A is defined to the closure of Lp = Lp (m) when p is finite and to be the weak*-closure of A in L ∞ = L ∞(m) p = ∞.
Substitution of Ca^2+ in Calcite by Sn^2+ and Sr^2+ cations through ion exchange characterized by X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies

Tin (Sn^2+) and strontium (Sr^2+), two potential alternatives to lead (Pb^2+) in perovskite formation, were explored in transforming calcium carbonate (CaCO_3) into a leaving group in a cation exchange reaction. This is the first part of a sequential ion exchange process in transforming calcite into a Pb-free perovskite material for perovskite solar cell applications. Calcite, a polymorph of CaCO_3, was successfully transformed into strontianite (SrCO_3) through a cation exchange reaction. In the Sn substitution reaction on the other hand, no SnCO_3 formation was noted. Instead, oxides of Sn were formed. The wider spaces in between Ca^2+ cations in (100) orientation account for the higher atomic Sn^2+ and Sr^2+ concentrations as compared to (001) orientation, where the cation movement is restricted. X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies were used to investigate the ion-exchange transformation of calcite towards the formation of an intermediate carbonate material. Graphic abstract
L’évaluation des étiquettes carbone par les consommateurs : enjeux et perspectives

Depuis quelques années, on assiste à l’apparition d’étiquettes énergie, carbone ou environnementales censées orienter les achats des consommateurs vers plus de responsabilité écologique. Sur la base d’une étude réalisée auprès de 760 consommateurs français sur trois étiquettes uni-critère carbone européennes, cet article identifie plusieurs leviers favorisant leur intégration dans le processus d’achat : (1) l’amélioration de la compréhension, de la clarté et de la signification des informations pour l’individu, (2) une focalisation très précise sur le design de l’étiquette. Des orientations en matière de construction de l’étiquette idéale et des recommandations managériales sont ensuite proposées pour éviter un risque de banalisation ou de non intégration comportementale.
Analysis of Dynamic Robust Design Experiment with Explicit & Hidden Noise Variables

Abstract The response model approach proposed in Tsui [25] allows greater flexibility to investigate factor effects for analyzing dynamic robust design experiments. This article generalizes the response model approach based on a generalized linear model. We develop a generalized two-step optimization procedure to substantially reduce the process variance by dampening the effect of both explicit and hidden noise variables. The proposed method provides more reliable results through iterative modeling of the residuals from the fitted response model. The method is compared with three existing approaches (the response model, the loss model, and the response function model) in two practical examples.
Rates of E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions in Ni II

Aims. We present rates for all E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions among the 295 fine-structure levels of the configurations 3d 9 ,3 d 8 4s, 3d 7 4s 2 ,3 d 8 4p, and 3d 7 4s4p, determined through an extensive configuration interaction calculation. Methods. The CIV3 code developed by Hibbert and coworkers is used to determine for these levels configuration interaction wave functions with relativistic effects introduced through the Breit-Pauli approximation. Results. Two different sets of calculations have been undertaken with different 3d and 4d functions to ascertain the effect of such variation. The main body of the text includes a representative selection of data, chosen so that key points can be discussed. Some analysis to assess the accuracy of the present data has been undertaken, including comparison with earlier calculations and the more limited range of experimental determinations. The full set of transition data is given in the supplementary material as it is very extensive. Conclusions. We believe that the present transition data are the best currently available.
Noncontact phase-sensitive dynamic optical coherence elastography at megahertz rate

Dynamic optical coherence elastography (OCE) techniques have shown great promise at quantitatively obtaining the biomechanical properties of tissue. However, the majority of these techniques have required multiple temporal OCT acquisitions (M-B mode) and corresponding excitations, which lead to clinically unfeasible acquisition times and potential tissue damage. Furthermore, the large data sets and extended laser exposures hinder their translation to the clinic, where patient discomfort and safety are critical criteria. In this work we demonstrate noncontact true kilohertz frame-rate dynamic optical coherence elastography by directly imaging a focused air-pulse induced elastic wave with a home-built phase-sensitive OCE system based on a 4X buffered Fourier Domain Mode Locked swept source laser with an A-scan rate of ~1.5 MHz. The elastic wave was imaged at a frame rate of ~7.3 kHz using only a single excitation. In contrast to previous techniques, successive B-scans were acquired over the measurement region (B-M mode) in this work. The feasibility of this method was validated by quantifying the elasticity of tissue-mimicking agar phantoms as well as porcine corneas ex vivo at different intraocular pressures. The results demonstrate that this method can acquire a depth-resolved elastogram in milliseconds. The reduced data set enabled a rapid elasticity assessment, and the ultra-fast acquisition speed allowed for a clinically safe laser exposure to the cornea.
Rotation periods of the Hyades open cluster using ASAS light curves : measuring the Hyades gyro-age and benchmarking tools for gyrochronology studies with LSST

Rotation period distributions for older open clusters are difficult to obtain because of the general scarcity of clusters with ages greater than 200 Myr, as well as the challenge of measuring rotation periods for less active older stars. This has clouded our knowledge of how stars spin down as they evolve from the zero-age main sequence. A key piece of our understanding of how stellar rotation rates change over time relies on the study of the nearby (∼45 pc) and old (∼625 Myr) Hyades open cluster. We present the results from a detailed analysis of the rotation period distribution of the Hyades in an effort to estimate the gyro-age of this benchmark open cluster. Analyzing All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) light curves with 14+ year baselines, we measure rotation periods for Hyades members by applying a period-finding technique that combines the Lomb-Scargle periodogram and Monte Carlo simulations to optimize period detection in long-baseline, low-cadence light curves that potentially suffer from time-dependent changes, e.g. star spot evolution. We derive 67 rotation periods for Hyades members, 40 of which are determined for the first time. These rotation periods measured from ASAS light curves allow us to characterize the rotation period distribution of the Hyades, enabling the application of current gyrochronology models to calculate a rotation-age for the cluster. Additionally, using ASAS data provides a valuable test of our ability to determine rotation periods in future low-cadence, extended duration surveys, such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST).
An approach to measure distance between compositional diet estimates containing essential zeros

ABSTRACT For many applications involving compositional data, it is necessary to establish a valid measure of distance, yet when essential zeros are present traditional distance measures are problematic. In quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA), compositional diet estimates are produced that often contain many zeros. In order to test for a difference in diet between two populations of predators using the QFASA diet estimates, a legitimate measure of distance for use in the test statistic is necessary. Since ecologists using QFASA must first select the potential species of prey in the predator's diet, the chosen measure of distance should be such that the distance between samples does not decrease as the number of species considered increases, a property known in general as subcompositional coherence. In this paper we compare three measures of distance for compositional data capable of handling zeros, but not satisfying some of the well-accepted principles of compositional data analysis. For compositional diet estimates, the most relevant of these is the property of subcompositionally coherence and we show that this property may be approximately satisfied. Based on the results of a simulation study and an application to real-life QFASA diet estimates of grey seals, we recommend the chi-square measure of distance.