Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MUNTINGIA CALABURA (JAMAICA CHERRY ) : AN OVERVIEW

Muntingia, or Jamaica Cherry, is a small, fast--‐growing tree that can reach up to 40 ft. tall at full maturity. The soft leaves are evergreen and have an alternate phyllotaxy. Leaves are dark green on top and light green underneath. The small, white flowers feature yellow stamens in the center. The small, round fruits are abundant, and depending on the variety, have a red or yellow color. Fruits are edible raw or made into jam. The fruit possessed potent anti-inflammatory activity. The flowers have antiseptic and antispasmodic qualities, and are made into medicinal teas. The M. calabura leaves exhibited potential anti-proliferative and antioxidant activities. The present study on Muntingia is to give an overview on traditional uses and pharmacological activity.
Understorey succession after burial by tephra from Mount St. Helens

Successional change following disturbance is a fundamental ecological process that remains central to understanding patterns in plant ecology. Although succession has been studied for well over a century, understanding of the patterns and processes of change is still inadequate, partly because of the dearth of long‐term studies. Here, we use, as a model system, a volcanic disturbance that is widespread and of global relevance. We examine succession in old‐growth conifer forest understories following burial by tephra (aerially transported volcanic ejecta) in the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Using four sites with different initial conditions and amounts of disturbance (tephra burial), we sampled plant communities at years 1, 20, and 36 since the eruption using permanent plots representing two treatments: undisturbed tephra and control plots from which tephra was experimentally removed. By using this long‐term data, we were able to gauge change through time and differences between tephra‐disturbed and control plots. In tephra‐impacted plots, cover reached preeruption levels by year 36 except for bryophytes at three sites and shrubs at one site. Cover in control plots also increased significantly for all growth forms except bryophytes, remaining above that on tephra plots at the same site in most situations. Sites generally increased in species richness first, and then gradually increased in evenness and Shannon’s diversity; after 36 years, differences between control and tephra‐impacted plots remained at only one site. Community composition was stable in one site and shifted gradually through time at the two other sites, and differences between plot types persisted at one site. Communities change over 36 years could relate to various endogenic and abiotic factors. Synthesis. These data suggest that, while recovery to the predisturbance status occurs in some cases, recovery is site‐specific. Understorey communities can be dynamic, even in old‐growth forests, and may still be responding to disturbance over three decades later. Long‐term experimental studies are key to understanding succession patterns and generalizations about the importance of initial conditions, disturbance intensity, and the complexity of interactions that determine vegetation change.
Anthropometric and Physical Fitness of the Under-16 Regional-School Cricket Players, of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

The aim of this study was to analysis the anthropometry and fitness of the under-16 regional and school cricket players. Twenty participants were selected from the Bahawalpur regional cricket team and (n = 20) from school teams. Selected variables were height, weight, skinfolds, girths, bone lengths, breadths, 30-m race, set-ups, hand grip strength, flexibility, standing broad jump, and agility. the anthropometric and physical fitness of regional and school cricket players was compared by applying Independent t-test. The results disclosed that the regional cricket players were significantly higher in arm span, arm length, and leg lengths, shoulder, elbow and knee breadths. The regional cricketers were faster in 30 m sprints, hand grip strength, setups, flexibility, and standing broad jump than school players. It was concluded the under-16 regional players were superior in anthropometric and physical fitness because they were selected from the larger population and regular in training program than school cricketers.
The effect of 8-week resistance training on IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle and glycemic profile in diabetes rats

Background: The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) has an important role in insulin signaling pathways in the target tissue of obese or insulin-resistant individuals. This study aimed to assess the effect of resistance training on fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle in male Wister rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: For this purpose, T2D induced by high- fat diet (8 weeks) and STZ in fourteen male Wistar rats (220 ± 10 g) and then assigned into exercise (resistance training, 8 weeks, 5 days/weekly, n = 7) and control (no-training, n = 7) by randomly. Fasting blood samples were obtained for measuring glucose, insulin, and calculating insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Also, the IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle was measured 48 hours after the last training session of both cases and controls. Results: Compared to control, IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly by resistance training in exercise groups (p = 0.001). Fasting glucose (p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (p = 0.007) were reduced in the exercise rats compared to the control group. Conclusion: Based on the results, improved fasting glucose and insulin function after resistance training in T2D diabetes could be attributed to enhancing IRS-1 expression in gastrocnemius muscle by training.
Photocatalytic degradation of carbamate insecticides: Effect of different parameters

Photocatalytic degradation of a model compound of the carbamate insecticide carbofuran in water was studied using polychromatic light and ZnO and TiO2 catalysts. The influence of operational parameters, such as reaction time and initial carbofuran concentration, on photocatalytic degradation was studied. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model was established and an almost complete removal of 88.4 mg L-1 of carbofuran occurred within 2 h under optimized conditions. The reactions were examined by UV spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the photocatalytic efficiencies of ZnO and TiO2 were compared under the same reaction conditions.
Respiratory effects of exposure to high levels of particulate among Malaysian traffic police

Introduction: Malaysian traffic police are always working on the public roads to alleviate traffic congestion and therefore exposed them to the polluted air every day. In particular, polluted air containing PM 2.5 is dangerous to their respiratory health as they can penetrate deep into the lungs, leading to bronchitis, lung cancer and many more. Hence, this research examined the relationship of personal exposure level to PM 2.5 with respiratory symptoms among traffic policemen in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. Methods: 134 participants among traffic policemen were agreed to participate in this study. They were requested to complete a questionnaire regarding the sociodemographic background and respiratory health information. The questionnaire was adopted from International Union Against Tuberculosis Lung Diseases (1986). Personal exposure level of PM 2.5 was measured using an air pump with 5. 0μm pore size PVC filter. Results: The mean exposure level of PM 2.5 among traffic policemen was 28.69 μg/m3. It was found that some of them possess respiratory symptoms (Coughing 33.6%, Phlegm 25.4%, Wheezing 14.9% and Shortness of breath 32.1%). There was significant association detected at p-value < 0.05 in coughing. Despite, there was no significant association in other symptoms such as phlegm, wheezing and shortness of breath. Conclusions: Traffic police were exposed to a relatively high level of PM 2.5 (12.4 μg/m3 to 55.3 μg/m3) and showed symptoms of respiratory effects. Therefore, recognition of the risks connected with occupational lung disease and exposure monitoring must be a high priority. This baseline data can serve as a reference to the top management of traffic police officers in order to develop an occupational safety and health guideline for police officers as required by Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA, Act 514 1994).
Determining the ensiling characteristics of potato vine silage supplemented with rice bran and corn and evaluating their ruminal fermentation potential in vitro

ABSTRACT The effects of rice bran and corn on ensiling characteristics of potato vines were investigated. Ruminal fermentation of potato vine silage was measured using a rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Potato vines were treated (fresh weight basis) for ensiling without additives (control), with 15% rice bran and with 15% rice bran plus 3% corn, 5% corn, or 7% corn, respectively. Silage with 5% corn was chosen for a ruminal fermentation trial, based on the results of ensiling quality. Comparison of rumen fermentation between two silage (silage with 5% corn and whole corn silage) diets was conducted using a Rusitec apparatus. Adding rice bran and corn improved the potato vine silage quality (P < .05). Compared with whole corn silage, potato vine silage diet had lower (P < .05) methane production, ruminal pH, acetate, and acetate to propionate ratio and higher (P < .05) total volatile fatty acids, total nitrogen (N), ammonia-N, and microbial-N. These findings indicated that rice bran and corn improved ensiling fermentation characteristics of potato vines, and that additive-treated potato vine silage had no adverse effects on rumen fermentation and could improve the energy and N utilisation and alleviate the methane pollution of the rumen compared with whole corn silage.
Intravenous albumin for initial resuscitation and mortality in septic shock patients: propensity score analyses using a nationwide inpatient database

BacKgrOUnD A recent large randomized controlled study suggested that albumin administration may reduce mortality in patients with septic shock. However, it remains unclear whether albumin should be used for initial resuscitation only without subsequent supplementation. The present study aimed to assess whether intravenous albumin infusion for initial resuscitation without subsequent supplementation is associated with reduced mortality in patients with septic shock using a national inpatient administrative claims database. In this retrospective cohort study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database from July 2010 to March 2016, we identified patients with septic shock who received ≥3000 mL of total fluids on day 1 after the start of noradrenaline. We defined patients who received ≥75 g of albumin within 2 days after the start of noradrenaline as the albumin group and other patients as the control group. We performed one-to-one propensity-score matching analyses to analyze the associations of albumin administration with 28-day and 90-day mortality. We identified 85,563 eligible patients during the 69-month study period. Of these, 6888 patients (8.1%) were allocated to the albumin group. After propensity-score matching, no significant differences were seen between the two groups for 28-day mortality (relative risk 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.88–1.02) and 90-day mortality (relative risk 0.97, 95% confi‐ dence interval 0.92–1.03). Intravenous albumin for initial resuscitation without subsequent supplementation was not significantly associated with reduced short-term mortality in patients with septic shock. Intravenous albumin for initial resuscitation only may therefore be ineffective.
Resilience of Tsunami Widow after 10 Years Tsunami in Banda Aceh

The tsunami is an extraordinary event that has a negative impact on a family that causes the loss of family members, one of which is a widow. The tsunami widow suddenly lost her husband and children and had to live her future life as a single parent with challenges. Resilience is needed by tsunami widows to be able to survive and be able to recover from a not good situation. Resilience is the ability of individuals to survive, remain stable and psychologically healthy after going through a traumatic event. The purpose of this study to determine how the resilience of widows who lost her husband caused by tsunami after ten years in Banda Aceh. This study used a qualitative method with phenomenological approach. Respondents in this study were three widows who are in middle adult age range (40-65 years) in Banda Aceh who have responsibility to their family. In this study, the technique of taking respondents with purposive sampling. The data collection used a interview and observation methods. The result showed that two resilient widows had hardiness, self-enhancement, and able to overcome the problem through emotion-coping. Another result showed that one of a widow has no resilience, because the respondent did not feel the better life after 10 years tsunami than before tsunami. In addition, due to the declining of health condition caused respondent did not feel the lesson learned after tsunami.
Handgrip strength: Normative data for North Indian elderly population

Background: In elderly population, men who maintain high handgrip strength though have slight possibility for disability and joint impairment and they are likely to survive for long time as compared to those with poor handgrip strength. One of the main difficulties in evaluating the handgrip strength of Indian elderly people is the absence of valid norms for Indian population. The objective of the study is to develop normative data for maximum handgrip strength of persons aged 41 to 80 years and to determine the significance of handgrip strength evaluation in Geriatric Rehabilitation practice in evaluating and finding physical disability. Methods: In the present study, 1640 elderly individuals (929 male and 711 female) aged 41 - 80 years were purposively selected. Parameters measured were dominant handgrip strength, non-dominant handgrip strength, height, weight, body mass index, hand length and hand breadth. Results: In both males and females of all the age groups positively significant correlations (p<0.014 - 0.001) of dominant handgrip strength were found with all the anthropometric variables. With aging, there were continuous decrements in mean values of most of the parameters in elderly males and females. In most of the dimensions examined, the data showed higher mean values in elderly males than their female correspondents. Conclusions: The present study contributes a broad pattern of normative data for practical purpose in hand and upper limb rehabilitation for elderly population, along with desirable evaluation for additional health problems.
Perception of Postgraduate Students on Customer Service at the School of Graduate Studies, University of Cape Coast

The aim of this study was to examine the quality of service provided by the School of Graduate Studies, University of Cape Coast to its students (customers). This study employed a descriptive survey design. A questionnaire designed by the researchers was used to obtain data from 400 postgraduate students (customers), using the stratified sampling technique. Data were presented and analyzed using descriptive statistics which included frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. The study found that staff members at the School of Graduate Studies, University of Cape Coast provide quality services to postgraduate students at different dimensions when they seek assistance. It was therefore recommended that the Directorate of Human Resource in collaboration with Training and Development Section of the University of Cape Coast should include aspect of customer care topics in the training programmes for all categories of staff in order to improve professionalism in tangibility dimension of service delivery.
Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude towards Breast Self-examination: A Cross-sectional Study among Female Pharmacy Students in Malaysia

Aim: The aim of this study was 1) to assess awareness and knowledge towards breast cancer (BC) and breast self examination (BSE) among female pharmacy students in Malaysia. 2) to assess attitude towards practise of BSE among female pharmacy students in Malaysia and 3) to understand the association between awareness, knowledge and attitude towards breast self examination among socio-demographic variables. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Female students from Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah State, Malaysia between September, 2018 and May, 2019. Methodology: A pre-validated questionnaire containing socio-demographic details of the study participants, six awareness based items regarding breast cancer (BC), fourteen knowledge based items regarding breast self-examination (BSE) and fifteen attitude based items towards BSE Original Research Article Ali et al.; IRJO, 2(4): 1-10, 2019; Article no.IRJO. 55055 2 behaviour. The questionnaire was distributed in class room setting after obtaining informed consent forms signed by participants. Summary statistics for categorical variables was used with chisquare test to see if there was any association between the variables. Results: The overall response rate was 92% (183/200). The average age of participants was 22 years (22.8 ± 1.1). Nearly 82% were Chinese, 30% belonged to year-4 tertiary education, 12% had family history of BC and 45% were from town areas. The overall awareness of the participants towards BC was moderate (64%, P < .05), whereas, knowledge towards BSE was poor (51%, P < .05). There was an overall positive attitude (62%, P < .001), followed by 29% neutral and only 9% with negative attitude regarding BSE practise. There were no association found between awareness, knowledge and attitude among any socio-demographic variables. Conclusion: This study results confirm that the study participants had a fair awareness, poor knowledge and positive attitude. Educational interventions directed to help young women familiarize with their breast self awareness (detect changes early) to start a lifetime habit of breast self-care, including BSE is important. Health education programs tailored to educate the correct BSE techniques are essential to encourage and improve women practise BSE for early identification and treatment initiation to reduce morbidity and mortality of BC.
Multifaceted disparity approach reveals dinosaur herbivory flourished before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction

Abstract Understanding temporal patterns in biodiversity is an enduring question in paleontology. Compared with studies of taxonomic diversity, long-term perspectives on ecological diversity are rare, particularly in terrestrial systems. Yet ecological diversity is critical for the maintenance of biodiversity, especially during times of major perturbations. Here, we explore the ecological diversity of Cretaceous herbivorous dinosaurs leading up to the K-Pg extinction, using dental and jaw morphological disparity as a proxy. We test the hypothesis that a decline in ecological diversity could have facilitated their rapid extinction 66 Ma. We apply three disparity metrics that together capture different aspects of morphospace occupation and show how this approach is key to understanding patterns of morphological evolution. We find no evidence of declining disparity in herbivorous dinosaurs as a whole—suggesting that dinosaur ecological diversity remained high during the last 10 Myr of their existence. Clades show different disparity trends through the Cretaceous, but none except sauropods exhibits a long-term decline. Herbivorous dinosaurs show two disparity peaks characterized by different processes; in the Early Cretaceous by expansion in morphospace and in the Campanian by morphospace packing. These trends were only revealed by using a combination of disparity metrics, demonstrating how this approach can offer novel insights into macroevolutionary processes underlying patterns of disparity and ecological diversity.
IS TAX AGGRESSIVENESS AN INDICATOR OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT?

: The objective of the study was to get the evidence empirical about the influence of tax aggressiveness, director size, director independent, audit quality, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, firm size, and leverage on earnings management. The population is non-financial firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during (IDX) 2013-2017. Samples were gotten by the method of purposive sampling, which there are 132 non-financial firms listed in IDX meet the requirements in the criteria and resulting 660 data that are available to be taken as sample. The data analysis method uses multiple regression testing. The results showed that tax aggressiveness, institutional ownership and leverage have an effect on earnings management. While director size, director independent, audit quality, managerial ownership, and firm size statistically do not influence on earnings management. The tax aggressiveness and leverage have a positive and significant effect on earnings management. Tax aggressiveness indicates that companies with low tax rates have an indication of high tax aggressiveness and this is possible because of the earnings management. Meanwhile, the leverage shows that companies with debt funding sources that are larger than assets, are more likely to practice earnings management. The institutional ownership has negative and significant effect on earnings management. The higher the institutional ownership the more stringent the supervision of the management in making earnings management. as Kothari, (2005),
Emergence of robust nucleosome patterns from an interplay of positioning mechanisms

Proper positioning of nucleosomes in eukaryotic cells is determined by a complex interplay of factors, including nucleosome-nucleosome interactions, DNA sequence, and active chromatin remodeling. Yet, characteristic features of nucleosome positioning, such as gene-averaged nucleosome patterns, are surprisingly robust across perturbations, conditions, and species. Here, we explore how this robustness arises despite the underlying complexity. We leverage mathematical models to show that a large class of positioning mechanisms merely affects the quantitative characteristics of qualitatively robust positioning patterns. We demonstrate how statistical positioning emerges as an effective description from the complex interplay of different positioning mechanisms, which ultimately only renormalize the model parameter quantifying the effective softness of nucleosomes. This renormalization can be species-specific, rationalizing a puzzling discrepancy between the effective nucleosome softness of S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. More generally, we establish a quantitative framework for dissecting the interplay of different nucleosome positioning determinants.