Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Epidemiological Investigation of Cyclospora spp. in Holstein Cattle in Partial Areas of the Yunnan Province, China

Simple Summary Cyclospora spp. is an important zoonotic parasite that poses a threat to public health. At present, the research on Cyclospora spp. in cattle of the Yunnan Province remains limited. We firstly reported the prevalence of Cyclospora spp. in Holstein cattle in the Yunnan Province, China. In order to understand the prevalence and genotype of Cyclospora spp. in the Yunnan Province, 524 fecal samples from 4 regions were collected and tested. The results of the present study showed that 13 samples were positive for Cyclospora spp. , and the total infection rate of Cyclospora spp. was 2.48%. We analyzed different risk factors, such as regions, sexes, and ages, but the difference was not statistically significant. Phylogenetic analysis showed that five Cyclospora spp. samples were classified into the zoonotic group of Cyclospora cayetanensis, which had zoonotic potential. The results of the present study indicated that Cyclospora spp. in the Holstein cattle of Yunnan Province posed a risk of zoonosis. Abstract Cyclospora spp. is a food-borne intestinal protozoan, which is widely distributed in the world and poses the risk of zoonosis. In order to reveal the prevalence of Cyclospora spp. in Holstein cattle in partial areas of the Yunnan Province, 524 fresh fecal samples of Holstein cattle were collected from Dali, Kunming, Chuxiong, and Qujing in Yunnan Province. A nested PCR amplification of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of Cyclospora spp. was carried out, and the products of the nested PCR were further analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using Bsp E Ⅰ. The results of the present study showed that 13 samples were positive for Cyclospora spp. , and the total infection rate of Cyclospora sp. was 2.48%. The infection of Cyclospora spp. was detected in Dali, Qujing, and Chuxiong. Chuxiong showed the highest infection rate (5.71%), and infection rate in Dali and Qujing was 2.19% and 3.16%, respectively. Interestingly, the infection of Cyclospora spp. was not detected in Kunming. The infection of Cyclospora spp. showed no significant differences among different regions (p > 0.05). Cyclospora sp. infection was detected in all ages and sexes, but the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that five Cyclospora spp. samples were closely related to the Cyclospora spp. of humans, and the others were closely related to the Cyclospora spp. of bovines. The results of the present study suggested that there was an infection of Cyclospora spp. in Holstein cattle in the Yunnan Province, and the Cyclospora spp. showed a risk of zoonosis. Thus, the prevention and control of Cyclospora spp. should be strengthened in the Yunnan Province, China. The results of this investigation provide data references for the further research of Cyclosporiasis in Holstein cattle in the Yunnan Province.
The Evolution of Therapies Targeting Bruton Tyrosine Kinase for the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: Future Perspectives

Simple Summary The development of drugs that successfully target Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) represents a major scientific and clinical advance for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). This article will begin by reviewing the scientific observations that underpinned the targeting of this kinase in CLL. It will then discuss the evolution of BTK inhibitors, from the initial studies with ibrutinib, to the development of more specific and noncovalently binding BTK inhibitors, focusing on how different agents can be sequenced in patients who are resistant or intolerant to one of these drugs. Finally, this article will also review the concept of BTK degraders and offer insights into the future direction of the field. Abstract The development of inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) has resulted in a paradigm shift in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) over the last decade. Observations regarding the importance of B-cell receptor signalling for the survival and proliferation of CLL cells led to the development of the first-in-class BTK inhibitor (BTKi), ibrutinib, for the treatment of CLL. Despite being better tolerated than chemoimmunotherapy, ibrutinib does have side effects, some of which are due to the off-target inhibition of kinases other than BTK. As a result, more specific inhibitors of BTK were developed, such as acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, which have demonstrated equivalent/enhanced efficacy and improved tolerability in large randomized clinical trials. Despite the increased specificity for BTK, side effects and treatment resistance remain therapeutic challenges. As these drugs all bind covalently to BTK, an alternative approach was to develop noncovalent inhibitors of BTK, including pirtobrutinib and nemtabrutinib. The alternative mechanisms of BTK-binding of these agents has the potential to overcome resistance mutations, something that has been borne out in early clinical trial data. A further step in the clinical development of BTK inhibition has been the introduction of BTK degraders, which remove BTK by ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, in marked contrast to BTK inhibition. This article will review the evolution of BTK inhibition for CLL and offer future perspectives on the sequencing of an increasing number of different agents, and how this may be impacted on by mutations in BTK itself and other kinases.
Optimal Detection of a Change in Distribution

Suppose one is able to observe sequentially a series of independent observations $X_1, X_2, \cdots$ such that $X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_{\nu-1}$ are iid distributed according to a known distribution $F_0$ and $X_\nu, X_{\nu+1}, \cdots$ are iid distributed according to a known distribution $F_1$. Assume that $\nu$ is unknown and the problem is to raise an alarm as soon as possible after the distribution changes from $F_0$ to $F_1$. Formally, the problem is to find a stopping rule $N$ which in some sense minimizes $E(N - \nu\mid N\geq \nu)$ subject to a restriction $E(N\mid\nu = \infty) \geq B$. A stopping rule that is a limit of Bayes rules is first derived. Then an almost minimax rule is presented; i.e. a stopping rule $N^\ast$ is described which satisfies $E(N^\ast\mid\nu = \infty) = B$ for which \begin{equation*}\begin{split}\sup_{1\leq\nu < \infty}E(N^\ast - \nu\mid N^\ast \geq \nu) \\ - \inf_{\{\text{stopping rules} N|E(N| \nu=\infty)\geq B\}} \sup_{1\leq\nu < \infty}E(N - \nu \mid N \geq \nu) = o(1)\end{split}\end{equation*} where $o(1) \rightarrow 0$ as $B \rightarrow \infty$.
Entire Solutions of the One-Dimensional Perona-Malik Equation

We prove that every function u:ℝ2 → ℝ of class C 1, satisfying the Perona-Malik equation for every (x, t) ∈ ℝ2, is a stationary affine solution, i.e., of the form u(x, t) = ax + b, where a and b are suitable real constants.
Joint Precoding and CSI Dimensionality Reduction: An Efficient Deep Unfolding Approach

A recently proposed unified precoding and pilot design optimization (UPPiDO) framework offers a reduction in both training and feedback overhead of acquiring channel state information (CSI) and an enhancement in robustness (to CSI uncertainties) at the expense of a more computationally demanding precoding optimization. To address this increased complexity, in this paper we first propose an unfolding-friendly iterative algorithm, which can efficiently address a family of non-convex and non-smooth problems. Then, we develop an efficient approach to unfold the iterative algorithm designed. Besides being applicable to important and typical iterative optimization algorithms, a pivotal advantage of the proposed unfolding approach is that the trainable parameters are scalars (rather than matrices). This, in turn, reduces the number of training samples required and makes it suitable for rapidly fluctuating wireless environments. We apply the algorithm unfolding (AU) techniques developed to our UPPiDO-based symbol-level precoding and block-level precoding. Our complexity analysis indicates that the computational complexity is scalable both with the numbers of served users and antennas. Our simulation results demonstrate that the number of outer iterations (or layers) required is about 1/3 of that of the original iterative algorithms.
A Method for Unbiased High-Resolution Aerosol Retrieval from Landsat

Abstract Because the land surface reflectance varies spatially, the atmospheric radiative transfer over land in clear-sky conditions is essentially three-dimensional. This is manifested through horizontal radiative fluxes that blur satellite images. It is important that the atmospheric blurring systematically increases the apparent brightness of the dark pixels. As a consequence, there are systematic biases in the satellite products of aerosol optical thickness and surface albedo over dark targets based on 1D theory, which may have a negative impact on climate research. Below, a new dark target method is presented for unbiased simultaneous retrieval of the aerosol model and optical thickness over land from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data, based on 3D radiative transfer theory. The method automatically selects an aerosol model from a large set of candidate models using a statistical approach of the probability distribution function. The dark target method of aerosol retrieval in the blue .
Advances in modeling of lower hybrid current drive

First principle modeling of the lower hybrid (LH) current drive in tokamak plasmas is a longstanding activity, which is gradually gaining in accuracy thanks to quantitative comparisons with experimental observations. The ability to reproduce simulatenously the plasma current and the non-thermal bremsstrahlung radial profiles in the hard x-ray (HXR) photon energy range represents in this context a significant achievement. Though subject to limitations, ray tracing calculations are commonly used for describing wave propagation in conjunction with Fokker–Planck codes, as it can capture prominent features of the LH wave dynamics in a tokamak plasma-like toroidal refraction. This tool has been validated on several machines when the full absorption of the LH wave requires the transfer of a small fraction of power from the main lobes of the launched power spectrum to a tail at a higher parallel refractive index. Conversely, standard modeling based on toroidal refraction only becomes more challenging when the spectral gap is large, except if other physical mechanisms may dominate to bridge it, like parametric instabilities, as suggested for JET LH discharges (Cesario et al 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 175002), or fast fluctuations of the launched power spectrum or ‘tail’ LH model, as shown for Tore Supra (Decker et al 2014 Phys. Plasma 21 092504). The applicability of the heuristic ‘tail’ LH model is investigated for a broader range of plasma parameters as compared to the Tore Supra study and with different LH wave characteristics. Discrepancies and agreements between simulations and experiments depending upon the different models used are discussed. The existence of a ‘tail’ in the launched power spectrum significantly improves the agreement between modeling and experiments in plasma conditions for which the spectral gap is large in EAST and Alcator C-Mod tokamaks. For the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, the experimental evolution of the HXR profiles with density suggests that this model is valid up to a line-averaged density of n¯e≃1.0×10+20 ? > m−3, a statement that is confirmed by simulations of the HXR scaling law with density. While simulations with GENRAY/CQL3D codes have ascribed the fast decrease of the HXR emission with density to parasitic absorption in the scrape-off layer by collisional damping, an alternative interpretetation based on an enhanced refraction as the LH wave propagates in the vicinity of the X-point is provided by C3PO/LUKE codes. The consequences for the predictions of LH current in ITER are discussed.
The stability of hydromagnetic Couette flow

Abstract The theoretical studies of Chandrasekhar on the stability of Couette flow in a viscous, electrically conducting, fluid in the presence of a uniform axial magnetic field are extended to include cases of finite gap width between the cylinders, and cases in which the conductivity of the walls of the containing cylinders is finite. In addition, the non-axisymmetric modes of instability are discussed, and the results of numerical computations are presented.
Information and Parental Consent for French Neonatal Screening: A Qualitative Study on Parental Opinion

Neonatal screening has excellent coverage in France. Data from the foreign literature raise questions about the informed consent to this screening. The Neonatal Screening and Informed Consent Dépistage Néonatal Information et Consentement Eclairé (DENICE) study was designed to assess whether information on neonatal screening provided for families in Brittany allows for informed consent. A qualitative methodology was chosen to collect parents’ opinions on this topic. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-seven parents whose children had positive neonatal screening for one of six diseases. The five main themes from the qualitative analysis were knowledge of neonatal screening, information received by parents, parental choice, the experience of the screening process, and parents’ perspectives and wishes. Informed consent was weakened by parents’ lack of knowledge regarding choice and the absence of a parent after birth. The study found that more information about screening during pregnancy would be preferable. The information should be repeated and accessible and should make it clear that neonatal screening is not mandatory, but informed consent should be obtained from parents who choose to screen their newborns.
Exploring Antecedents and Outcomes of Customer Engagement Among Elite Football Fans

Abstract As Customer Engagement (CE) drives brand loyalty and word-of-mouth, it is fundamental to the success of brands. Yet, while previous studies have examined the nature of CE, few have explored CE toward actors other than the focal firm or brand. Therefore, this study analyses and compares antecedents and outcomes of two types of CE: CE with a focal brand (CEF), and CE with other customers (CEC). 2031 customers of Swedish elite football were surveyed and analyzed in a SEM-model. Among others, the results indicate that CEC is more important to brand-loyalty and word-of-mouth than CEF.
The Influence of Relative Reinforcing Value of Food, Sensitization, Energy Intake and Diet Quality on zBMI Change over Two Years in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

The relative reinforcing value (RRV) of food and sensitization are associated with zBMI and zBMI change over time, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships is unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that greater RRV and sensitization to HED food is associated with lower diet quality and greater energy intake at baseline and again at 24 months and that these relationships result in greater zBMI gain. The RRV of HED and LED food and dietary intake were measured at baseline and again after 24 months in a cohort of 202 boys and girls of 12–14 years old. The baseline RRV of HED food was associated with lower diet quality and lower energy intake at 24 months. zBMI gain was positively associated with the baseline energy intake but not baseline RRV of HED food or diet quality. However, diet quality moderated the relationship between baseline energy intake and zBMI change, with no difference in zBMI change as a function of energy intake when diet quality was high but significant and opposite relationships with energy intake when diet quality was low. This study suggests that high diet quality can reduce the negative impact of greater energy intake on zBMI change in adolescents.
A Review of Tools and Methods for Detection, Analysis, and Prediction of Allostatic Load Due to Workplace Stress

Chronic stress risks an individual's overall well-being. Chronic stress is associated with allostatic load, the body's wear-and-tear due to prolonged heightened physiological and psychological states. Increased allostatic load among workers increases their risk of injuries and the likelihood of diseases and illnesses. An allostatic load model could explain the basis of a stress response. Stress research in affective computing uses wearable devices, data processing algorithms, and machine learning methods to create models that could benefit from an allostatic load model of stress. We emphasize the need for the allostatic load model in affective computing to create disease and illness prediction models. Predictive models could enhance safeguards in the workplace by helping to create proactive mitigation strategies against chronic stress. First, we briefly introduce allostasis’ physiological and psychological basis. Next, we reviewed stress studies within affective computing that may benefit from an allostatic load model of stress. We focused our review on studies conducted in dynamic settings, such as the workplace, and those incorporating typical stress study elements in affective computing. We conclude our review by identifying gaps between affective computing and neuroscientific stress studies and provide recommendations for adopting the allostatic load model of stress.
Islamic banks’ service quality in Somalia: Customer loyalty, satisfaction, and the role of trust as a mediator

The purpose of this study is to assess how the PAKSERV paradigm affects brand loyalty, customer satisfaction, and trust in Somalia's banking industry. With an emphasis on the mediating function of trust in the Somali scenario, these comprehensive assessments stress the cultural component of quality of service. This study adopts a quantitative method by assessing 370 Islamic bank customers in Somalia for two main cities, Mogadishu and Hargeisa. Our respondents are existing and potential users of Islamic bank products and the sample was selected using the convenience sample technique. The data were examined with the quantitative method of structural equation modeling using SmartPLS 3.3. 7. The study found a connection between client satisfaction, loyalty, and the PAKSERV quality of service attributes through the intermediary role of trust. In the cultural context of Islamic finance in Somalia, this study offers fresh information on how trust may function as a partial mediator in the interaction between client satisfaction and customer loyalty.
Health literacy among children living with a long-term condition: ‘What I know and who I tell’

Background: Little is known about the health literacy of children living with long-term conditions. This study aimed to gain insight into the life of children with a long-term condition in the context of health literacy, specifically their understanding of their health and the barriers and facilitators to sharing information about their condition with others. Design: Child-centred qualitative arts-based approach with children aged 6–12 years. Setting: Children participating in the study came from three countries – the UK, Australia and New Zealand. Method: A participatory arts-based qualitative child-centred approach prompted children to draw, label and use stickers, body-outlines and collage to describe elements central to health literacy. This encompassed their long-term condition, their understanding of their condition, its management and decision-making associated with sharing information about their condition with others. The sessions were audio-recorded, and reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken. Results: Four central themes related to key elements of child health literacy: (1) pragmatic understanding – what it feels like and what happens in my body; (2) management regime – what do I have to do to keep on going; (3) information sharing – I don’t tell random people; and (4) benefits of sharing – they’ve got my back. Conclusion: Children indicated a pragmatic or process type understanding of their condition and its management. Children were discerning about who they shared information about their condition with, but tended to establish a network of well-informed peers capable of providing support if needed. Despite gaps in children’s health literacy, parents and families have an important role to play in checking children’s understandings and developing critical health literacy.
The Use of Technology as an Instrument to Promote School Coexistence

The phenomenon of school coexistence has gained special relevance in recent years, mainly due to the increase in conflict situations among students. The main objective of this work has been to carry out a systematic review of the scientific literature on the impact of the application of technologies as a didactic resource for the improvement of school coexistence, as well as to find out the current and future lines of research in this field of investigation. For this purpose, a total of 14 scientific articles indexed in the Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were selected following the principles of the PRISMA Declaration. The results show that, although the scientific literature on the implementation of technologies for school coexistence is limited, didactic strategies measured with technologies reduce cases of school conflict. Among the conclusions are that technologies are tools to be taken into account for the improvement of school coexistence; however, their misuse due to a lack of digital skills can lead to violent behaviour on the part of students.
AUDIT QUALITY, GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT OF QUOTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA

Corporate failures across the globe have become an issue of concern for stakeholders andregulators. Financial reporting scandals that occurred in oceanic bank, intercontinental bank andthe recent bank crises of Skye Bank in 2016 really motivated the need for this study. The studyexamines audit quality, governance mechanism and earnings management of listed deposit moneybanks in Nigeria for the period of eleven years from 2009-2019. The population of the study consistsof all the 14 listed deposit money banks in Nigeria as at 31st December, 2019. The study adoptedexpo-factor and correlation research designs, and multiple regression was employed as techniqueof data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that audit independence, managerial ownershipand board independent have significant negative impact on earnings management of quotedNigerian banks while auditor size and audit tenure have insignificant influence on earningsmanagement of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. In line with the findings, the study thereforeconcluded that audit independence, managerial ownership and board independence havesignificant negative impact on earnings management of banks in Nigeria while audit firm size andaudit tenure have no significant impact on earnings management of listed deposit money banks inNigeria. It is therefore recommended that Nigeria listed deposit money banks should maintain theaudit fees they are paying to the audit firm or increase it as any attempt to reduce the audit fees canincrease earnings management. However managerial shareholding should be increase as it willreduce earnings management and also board independent directors on the board should beincreased from minimum of two as it will reduce earnings management of listed deposit moneybanks in Nigeria on the other hand there is no significant impact between audit firm tenure andaudit firm size on earnings management of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. For audit firmsize the study recommended that local audit firms should be used instead of the Big 4 as the size have no effect on earnings management. Also the study recommended that for audit tenure the bankshould maintain its audit tenure as it does not have any influence on earnings management.