Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Haemorrhoidal LASER Procedure (HeLP)- A painless Treatment for Haemorrhoid

Introduction: According to the vascular theory arterial overflow in the superior haemorrhoidal arteries would lead to dilatation of the haemorrhoidal venous plexus. The technique helps to promote the obliteration of the terminals of the superior rectal artery. The objective of this study is to describe the results of 100 patients with hemorrhoidal disease treated by the Hemorrhoidal LASER Procedure technique. Method: Under SAB anesthesia terminal arteriole of the upper rectal arteries were fulgurated by fiber laser diode, causing interruption of hemorrhoidal flow. This procedure is repeated circumferentially, following the clockwise positions.This procedure can be performed as a day care surgery. Results: Between January 2018 to January 2019, 100 patients underwent the Hemorrhoidal LASER Procedure technique for hemorrhoidal disease grades I, II and III. Total 100 patients were treated with HeLP procedure. Among them number of men was 81 and female was 19.The procedure proved to be successful at 3 month follow up of 92% patient. No major adverse effects or complications were reported. Post operative minor pain that required medication was 5 cases (5% patient). Postoperative minor bleeding was observed in 3 cases that were managed conservatively. At 3 month after procedure resolution of symptoms were observed in 88% cases with overall satisfaction rate was 89%. Significantly higher quality of life was observed in laser haemorrhoidal procedure. Conclusion: Hemorrhoidal LASER Procedure is a painless outpatient technique . It is a safe, effective, improve symptoms & chance of cure is high compared to other conventional surgery. Similar benefits are seen for patient with severe anal spasm, external thrombosis, fissure and sentinel tags & fistula. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(1): 18-22
An exploration of stabilization mechanisms in a novel vortex‐tube combustor with localized stratified peculiarity

Experimental and numerical (via ANSYS FLUENT) studies have been conducted on the combustion stability and stabilization mechanisms in a localized stratified vortex‐tube combustor (LSVC) under lean conditions. The stability limit and flame configuration were obtained under different combustion conditions. Combined with the flow field distribution, the formation mechanisms of the local stratification of species and the resultant flame configuration were analyzed. Results show that the local stratification peculiarity is responsible for the dual flame appearance. On the basis of the local stratification of species, the local equivalence ratio is close to stoichiometry in the vicinity of the flame front, while it is above 1.0 in the interior, enabling the achievement of stable combustion at a global equivalence ratio as low as 0.12 in the LSVC. The flow field can help the transport of the reactive species and yields an intensified combustion and a large density gradient. The peak heat release rate (HRR) of 0.5 W/mm3 in the LSVC is much higher than that of 0.1 W/mm3 in the rapidly mixed vortex‐tube combustor (RMVC) at the global equivalence ratio of 0.6 and the maximum tangential velocity of 26.44 m/s. The flame–vortex interaction theory provides a new perspective to interpret the rapid flame propagation in vortex‐tube combustors. Based on the pressure jump theory, the flame speed was obtained via a specific formula closely related to the density gradient and the injection velocity. It turns out that the flame speed in the LSVC is remarkably higher than that in the RMVC at a certain same combustion condition. Moreover, the decrease of local flow velocity resulted from the strong swirl provides a favorable guarantee for the balance with the local flame speed.
Phenomenological theory of phase transitions in the MPB region of (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 single crystals

ABSTRACT A higher-order Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire theory is proposed to describe phenomenologically the complex phase transitions in the MPB region of the relaxor ferroelectric (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3(PMN-PT) single crystals. Using the singularity theory, a structurally stable 10th-order potential with four varying expansion coefficients (a1, a11, a2 and a12) depending on temperature and composition is found out. By studying on two- and three-dimensional sections of a four-dimensional phase diagram a1-a11-a2-a12 in the space of phenomenological parameters, the range of coefficient parameters by which the structural stability of the potential model can be guaranteed is determined. The theoretical temperature-composition phase diagram is constructed and it is shown that this is in good agreement with both recent experimental data and first-principle calculation for the symmetry change. Moreover, temperature dependence of dielectric constants for various compositions is studied.
Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Bacillus strains from the Traditional Korean Soybean-fermented Food, Chungkookjang

A total of 45 bacterial strains were isolated from the traditional Korean soybean-fermented food, Chungkookjang. Among these strains, seven strains were selected and identified based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences. All strains were Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming bacteria, and produced extracellular enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, lipase, protease, and xylanase. The isolates were grown in the presence of 0-11% (w/v) NaCl. Growth was optimal at pH 6-9 and at temperatures of . According to VITEK automicrobic system tests and supplementary tests, the isolates were similar to several species of the genus Bacillus. The phylogenetic analysis of seven bacterial strains based on comparisons of 16S rDNA sequences, revealed that the strains were closely related to Bacillus species. The identification of strains that produced surfactin was also carried out, based on PCR screening of the sfp gene. Among the seven isolated strains, six yielded a surfactin-positive result with PCR.
Identification of Fish and Shellfish Larvae from Mangroves Using DNA Barcodes

ABSTRACT Ram, R. ; Pavan-Kumar, A. ; Jaiswar, A.K. ; Gireesh-Babu, P.; Krishna, G. , and Chaudhari, A. , 2020. Identification of fish and shellfish larvae from mangroves using DNA barcodes. Journal of Coastal Research, 36(5), 1106–1110. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Mangrove ecosystems support coastal and marine fisheries by providing feeding, breeding, and recruitment grounds for a great diversity of fish species. Globally, mangroves are declining from anthropogenic factors, causing a reduction in fish production. Baseline data of fish species that use mangroves as nursery or breeding grounds is a prerequisite for monitoring the health of mangrove ecosystems. However, identification of fish and shellfish larvae up to species level is difficult because of a lack of distinguishing morphological characters. In the present study, fish and shellfish larval diversity from selected mangrove zones of the northwest coast of India was characterized by the DNA barcoding approach. Around 53% (n = 33) of sampled individuals could be identified up to species level without ambiguity. The study concluded that many commercially and ecologically important fish and shellfish species, such as, Pampus argenteus, Pampus chinensis, Sillago sihama, Lutjanus johnii, Boleophthalmus boddarti, and Penaeus monodon, are utilizing mangroves of the northwest coast of India as nursery grounds. The results of the present study provide baseline data for fish diversity of mangroves of the northwest coast of India.
Detection of mold species in poultry farms in refer to their virulence potential

Objective: The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify mold species from poultry farms with detection of their virulence potential, biofilm formation capability and to perform antifungal susceptibility testing to some representative isolates. Design: Observational study. Animals: Fifty freshly dead broiler chicks were included in this study. Procedures: A total of 250 samples were collected from 50 diseased chicks (5 samples each), including lung, liver, kidney, heart, and tracheal swap. In addition, litter samples were collected from 7 poultry farms and were subjected to mycological examination. The isolated mold species have been tested for hemolytic activity, catalase, amylase, lipase, and biofilm production activity; besides, detection of virulence genes (rhbA, fos-1, and pskB) using PCR assay. Results: A total of 208 mold isolates were identified, with five genera; Aspergillus (84.6%), Zygomycetes (12.9%), Acremonium (0.96%), Penicillium (0.96%) and Alternaria (0.48%). Mold isolates displayed various degrees of fungal activities on blood agar plates, catalase activity, amylase activity, lipase activity, and the ability for biofilm production in vitro. Regarding the selected virulence genes, fos-1 was detected in A.fumigatus (3 isolates) and A.flavus (2isolates). While pksP gene was detected in A.fumigatus (7 isolates) and A.niger (2 isolates) and rhbA detected in A. fumigatus (8 isolates) and one isolate of A. flavus of the total evaluated species. The MIC determination provide evidence for the high resistance of all evaluated isolates to nystatin, and a relatively higher sensitivity was displayed by clotrimazole followed by ciclopiroxolamine and tioconazole. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results reveal that most of the fungal isolates tested displayed enzymatic activity, which are the most effective virulence factors contributing to fungal pathogenicity and high resistance to antifungal, which represents a potential public health concern.
Effect of Salt Stress on Peruvian Germplasm of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.: A Promising Crop: Effect of Salt Stress on Peruvian Germplasm

Soil salinity is a major problem in today's agriculture. Quinoa has become an important crop because it exhibits high levels of salinity tolerance. In addition, its seeds contain an excellent balance of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proteins for human nutrition. The quinoa germplasm includes almost 2500 accessions, some of which have been tested under salt stress. Here, we report the effect of NaCl on the germination of 182 previously untested accessions. When seeds were irrigated with saline water at 30 dS m ―1 EC, the stress appeared to be too high: all accessions showed less than 60 % germination. In contrast, irrigation with 25 dS m ―1 EC saline water allowed over 60 % germination in 15 accessions. These latter accessions' agricultural traits were then evaluated. The overall coefficients of variation indicated that quinoa genotype and salt treatment dramatically influence root dry mass per plant, but do not noticeably affect the length of the plant's life cycle. Unexpectedly, salt treatment resulted in increased plant height, leaf dry mass and grain yield. Using Euclidean distance for the simultaneous selection of these five agricultural traits, accessions 100, 136, 127 and 105 proved to be the best performing genotypes under salt stress.
Characterization of thermal distribution in 50-Liter biochar kiln at different heating times

Biochar has been known to be an excellent soil amendment. However, the biochar yield and its quality are both affected by the process parameter, such as temperature and heating time, and the production method from kiln type used. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize the thermal distribution inside the 50-liter kiln at different heating times of the biochar production. The experiments on the kiln with a dimension of 500 mm × 380 mm (height × diameter) including the fuel core with diameter of 115 mm with 5 rows of 6.35 mm drill puncture diameters were conducted. The biochar was produced from 7 kg of agricultural waste corncob. The pyrolysis temperature increased with increasing heating time and it was controlled not exceeding 600 °C by adjusting the briquette fuel quantity. The results showed that the highest temperature was found at the fuel core and decreased in radial direction outwards to the kiln wall. The heating time showed effect on the thermal distribution as well as the biochar yield. The lower thermal gradient and the higher biochar yield were obtained at the higher heating time. The biochar yield would, however, decrease after optimal heating time due to the decomposition and degradation of biochar derived from corncob during the pyrolysis process. The production cost of biochar was also determined. These findings propose agriculturists the optimal heating time along with the production cost to facilitate the biochar production.
Sea Ice Roughness Overlooked as a Key Source of Uncertainty in CryoSat‐2 Ice Freeboard Retrievals

ESA's CryoSat‐2 has transformed the way we monitor Arctic sea ice, providing routine measurements of the ice thickness with near basin‐wide coverage. Past studies have shown that uncertainties in the sea ice thickness retrievals can be introduced at several steps of the processing chain, for instance, in the estimation of snow depth, and snow and sea ice densities. Here, we apply a new physical model to CryoSat‐2, which further reveals sea ice surface roughness as a key overlooked feature of the conventional retrieval process. High‐resolution airborne observations demonstrate that snow and sea ice surface topography can be better characterized by a lognormal distribution, which varies based on the ice age and surface roughness within a CryoSat‐2 footprint, than a Gaussian distribution. Based on these observations, we perform a set of simulations for the CryoSat‐2 echo waveform over “virtual” sea ice surfaces with a range of roughness and radar backscattering configurations. By accounting for the variable roughness, our new lognormal retracker produces sea ice freeboards that compare well with those derived from NASA's Operation IceBridge airborne data and extends the capability of CryoSat‐2 to profile the thinnest/smoothest sea ice and thickest/roughest ice. Our results indicate that the variable ice surface roughness contributes a systematic uncertainty in sea ice thickness of up to 20% over first‐year ice and 30% over multiyear ice, representing one of the principal sources of pan‐Arctic sea ice thickness uncertainty. Plain Language Summary We have developed a new way of measuring sea ice thickness in the Arctic, by comparing real and simulated data from the European Space Agency satellite: CryoSat‐2. Our simulations are guided by aircraft observations that demonstrate sea ice has distinct patterns of surface roughness. Traditional methods ignore or misrepresent the surface roughness, which reduces our confidence in the measured ice thickness by around one third. If we account for the roughness, however, we can extend the capability of Cryosat‐2 for measuring both the thinnest smoothest sea ice and thickest roughest ice. These improvements will boost our confidence in derived estimates of the Arctic Ocean's sea ice volume budget and freshwater fluxes, while enhancing the accuracy of sea ice forecasts primed with satellite data.
Spasmolytic, bronchodilator and vasodilator activities of aqueousmethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum.

The aqueous-methanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum, Linn was subjected to in vitro investigations for its possible antispasmodic, bronchodilator and vasodilator activities. The studies included testing on jejunum of rabbit, ileum of guineapig, trachea of rabbit, trachea of guinea-pig and aorta of rabbit. It produced relaxation of spontaneous as well as K(80 mM)induced withering in jejunum of rabbit. The extract on application to guinea-pig ileum showed a concentration-dependent (3.010.0 mg/mL) contractile response which was blocked on addition of atropine (0.1 μM). It produced nonspecific relaxation of both the carbachol (1 μM) and high K (80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated trachea of rabbit and guinea-pig in a manner comparable to verapamil. It also produced relaxation of phenylephrine-induced withering in rabbit aorta in a comparable fashion to verapamil. The observed spasmolytic, bronchodilator, and vasodilator effects on the part of The extract were likely to be mediated through Ca channel blocking activities, whereas observed contractile response in isolated guinea-pig ileum preparations was likely to be mediated through cholinergic agonistic activity. These findings may validate the folkloric use of O. basilicum in constipation, vascular insufficiency and respiratory distress. © 2014 Friends Science Publishers
Genetic studies of incubation behaviour and Mendelian traits in chickens

Finding the genes that underlie variation in production and developmental traits has important economic applications. Incubation behaviour represents a loss of production in conventional breeds of chicken adapted to local conditions and was what motivated this thesis. The Mendelian traits of comb type, crest, Silkie and normal feathers, feathered leg, fibromelanosis, comb colour, skin and shank colour, feather colour and patterns are of interest because of the insight they give to genes and development and were also investigated in the thesis. We used White Leghorn and Silkie lines of chicken to detect the genetic loci controlling incubation behaviour and Mendelian traits using linkage based analysis in an F2 cross. The evidence for QTL affecting incubation status over the whole period on chromosome 5 was strong (P<0.05). After the addition of 218 new informative SNP markers across the genome including chromosome 5 the 95% confidence interval spanned a region around 45 cM having previously been 95 cM. Three other suggestive QTL for incubation status were found after the addition of SNP markers on chromosome 1, 18, 19, E22C19W28 at 70, 0, 1 and 13cM respectively. The mode of action of the incubation status QTL indicates that the White Leghorn allele was either promoting incubation behaviour or that heterozygotes have performance that exceeds the homozygotes except the QTL on chromosome 1 where the Silkie allele is promoting incubation behaviour as might be expected. A highly significant QTL (P<0.01) for early incubation behaviour (25-30 weeks) was found on chromosome 8 at 18 cM. This QTL has an additive effect with the possession of a Silkie allele increasing the likelihood of incubation behaviour. Other suggestive QTL for early incubation behaviour were found on chromosome 26 and 1 at 0 and 66cM respectively. For Mendelian traits, genome wide significant (P<0.01) genetic loci for comb type, crest type and feather type was found on chromosome 7 at 77cM, linkage group E22C19W28 at 7cM and on chromosome 3 at 169cM respectively. Significant genetic loci (P<0.01) for leg colour and skin colour were found on chromosome 20 at 56cM and 60cM respectively. In the present study, loci for all feather patterns were found on E22C19W28 even after removing animals carrying the dominant white alleles, suggesting dominant white or another allele at the locus was still influential. Comb type and incubation behaviour were investigated at the gene level. Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is believed to be involved in the process of domestication and was found at the peak position of the most significant QTL on chromosome 5 for incubation behaviour. Functional exploration of Wnt genes as a candidate gene for comb type was investigated by in-situ hybridization in Silkie and White Leghorn embryos. The Wnt6 gene showed expression in the region of the presumptive comb development of embryos. In conclusion, for the first time genetic loci that explain maternal behaviour have been described. The coincidence of the incubation behaviour…
An immunohistochemical study of the temporal distribution of the vesicular stomatitis virus and the preferred cells for viral replication in experimentally infected cattle

CAROLINE G. COLDEN An Immunohistochemical Study of the Temporal Distribution of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and the Preferred Cells for Viral Replication in Experimentally Infected Cattle Under the Direction of DR. CORRIE BROWN Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense arbovirus in the Family Rhabdoviridae. Cattle, pigs, and horses can become infected and the virus settles in and causes damage to the surface tissues of the feet, tongue, snout, and teats, causing vesicular (blistering) lesions. Infection can have debilitating effects on the animals, as they are reluctant to eat, nurse, or move around. They lose a great deal of weight, which diminishes their economic value. In order to devise effective control measures, it is important to understand how the virus spreads around the body and how it damages cells. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of the virus in tissues of cattle experimentally infected with VSV. Virus was inoculated into the skin at the top of the hoof (coronary band) and tissues were examined sequentially to envision presence of virus and associated damage. By immunohistochemistry, VSV was present in the coronary bands 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-infection (hpi) with highest intensity in the coronary bands at 48 and 72hpi. Virus appeared predominantly in cells of the stratum spinosum layer, which exhibit unique intercellular bridges. Special staining for these intercellular bridges revealed a marked correlation between presence of this structure and replicating virus, indicating that the intercellular bridges may be functioning in viral entry or transport. INDEX WORDS: Vesicular Stomatitis, Immunohistochemistry, Cattle, Epidermis, Desmogleins AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS AND THE PREFERRED CELLS FOR VIRAL REPLICATION IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CATTLE
Relationship between Maternal Central Obesity and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Objective Nowadays, body mass index (BMI) is used to evaluate the risk stratification of obesity-related pregnancy complications in clinics. However, BMI cannot reflect fat distribution or the proportion of adipose to nonadipose tissue. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of maternal first or second trimester central obesity with the risk of GDM. Research Design and Methods. We searched in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for English-language medical literature published up to 12 May 2019. Cohort studies were only included in the search. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio or body fat distribution were elected as measures of maternal central obesity, and all diagnostic criteria for GDM were accepted. The random effect meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between central obesity and the risk of GDM. Results A total of 11 cohort studies with an overall sample size of 27,675 women and 2,226 patients with GDM were included in the analysis. The summary estimate of GDM risk in the central obesity pregnant women was 2.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.35–3.26) using the adjusted odds ratio (OR). The degree of heterogeneity among the studies was low (I2 = 14.4, P = 0.307). The subgroup analyses showed that heterogeneity was affected by selected study characteristics (methods of exposure and trimesters). After adjusting for potential confounds, the OR of adjusted BMI was significant (OR = 3.07, 95% CI: 2.35–4.00). Conclusions Our findings indicate that the risk of GDM was positively associated with maternal central obesity.