Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Syndrome With Aortic Arterial Stiffness And First Hospitalization Or Mortality In Coronary Artery Disease Patients Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and aortic arterial stiffness (AS) are risk factors for future cardiovascular events. We evaluated their roles in ﬁ rst hospitalization or all-cause mortality prediction in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Patients and methods: From January to December 2012, 115 CAD patients were enrolled from a single center and followed up for 5.5 years. The composite endpoint included hospitalization for unstable angina, myocardial infarction, revascularization, or heart failure and all-cause mortality. Patients with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity > 10 m/s (mea-sured using applanation tonometry) constituted the high AS group. Results: During a median 54-month follow-up, there were 43 (37.4%) and 11 (9.6%) hospitalization and mortality events, respectively. Overall, 41 (35.7%) and 70 (60.9%) patients were diagnosed with AS and MetS, respectively. CAD patients with high AS had higher diabetes and MetS percentages, were older, and had higher waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (SBP) but lower glomerular ﬁ ltration rate than those with low AS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed old age ( P < 0.001), diabetes ( P = 0.003), and high waist circumference ( P = 0.044) and SBP ( P = 0.007) as independent predictors of AS in CAD patients. Kaplan – Meier analysis showed that CAD patients with concurrent MetS and high AS had a higher risk for hospitalization (log rank test, P = 0.005) or developing all-cause mortality (log rank test, P = 0.002). Compared with CAD patients without MetS or AS, composite outcome development risk in those with both the conditions was 10.2-fold higher ( P < 0.001); this risk was 6.54-fold higher in those with AS alone ( P = 0.007). Conclusion: In CAD patients, age, diabetes, and high waist circumference and SBP are the independent predictors of AS. Additionally, CAD patients with AS with and without MetS have a high ﬁ rst hospitalization or all-cause mortality development risk. of the latest laboratory and clinical ﬁ ndings in the ﬁ elds of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity research. Original research, review, case reports, hypothesis formation, expert opinion and commentaries are all considered for publication. The manu- script management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use. Visit http://www.dovepress. com/testimonials.php to read real quotes from published authors.
Do I Follow My Friends or the Crowd? Information Cascades in Online Movie Rating

Online product review as a form of online Word of M outh (WOM) and User-Generated Content (UGC) has attracted much attention recently. While there are many studies relating online reviews and produc t sales, the interesting and important problems regar ding user review generation processes have been largely ignored. This study analyzes how online mov ie user ratings are generated through a complex interrelationship between product information, mark eting effort, and social influences. In particular, we examine the effects of comparable observational lea rning from the crowd or friends on user ratings. Th is study exploits sequential user movie ratings in an online community with user and movie level information, and constructs plausible latent variab les for users’ perceived movie quality and the heterogeneity at movie and user levels. Our analysi s indicates that, on average, higher predecessors’ ratings increase the likelihood of a subsequent use r providing a high rating; in other words, herding occurs. On the other hand, the degree of herding be havior by prior friend ratings becomes relatively smaller. More interestingly, the impact of predeces sor ’ ratings becomes weaker as the volume of frien d ratings increases. This study contributes to the un derstanding of how social imitation and learning af fect user rating generation and how online social intera ctions moderate inefficiency in product quality information created by online users.
Respiration and respiratory electron trasport activity in plankton from ne Northwest African upwelling area

Microplankton and zooplankton respiration were calculated from ETS activity measurements in the upwelled waters off Cape Blanc, Mauritania. The mean respiration was 14.4 mgC h-1m-• for microplankton and 6.4 mgC h-1mfor zooplankton. Mixing kept the microplankton from accumulating in the surface waters so that vertical profiles were nearly uniform with depth. High levels of ETS activity below the euphotic zone reflected this mixing. Between the bottom of the euphotic zone and the 0. 1 % light level, the ETS activity averaged 72 % of the euphotic zone/ETS activity level. Another 44% of the euphotic zone level could be found even deeper (between the 0.1 % and 0.01 % light level). Respiration-photosynthesis ratios were calculated from two different assessments of gross productivity. The R I P ratios ranged from 0.07 to 0.15 depending on the method of calculation. The microplankton ETS activity was compared to respiration that was independently calculated by a "C method (Smith, 1977). The results of the two approaches were correlated (r=0.82, n=IO). The microplankton ETS was also correlated with photosynthesis as measured by "C-uptake (r=0.64, n=16). These correlations support the assumption that phytoplankton dominated the dynamics of microplankton metabolism in the euphotic zone off Cape Blanc. The role of the zooplankton in the regeneration of ammonium in the euphotic zone was investigated by calculating an ammonium excretion rate from zooplankton respiration and comparing this to phytoplankton NH,•-uptake rates. From a mean oxygen consumption rate of 17.7 ml 02 h-man ammonium excretion rate of 198 μ,g-at N h-1mwas calculated. At five stations, the ammonium excretion rate satisfied 55% of the phytoplankton NH,•-uptake. The hypothesis that the difference in productivity between the Peru Current and the N.W. African upwelling systems can be explained by the differences in the ratio of the compensation depth to the mixed layer depth was tested. This ratio, DJ Dm, was 0.7 in the N . W. African upwelling system and 2.4 in the Peru Current system. The threefold difference supports the hypothesis.
randomized controlled trial of a positive affect intervention to reduce stress in people newly diagnosed with HIV; protocol and design for the IrISS study

: Increasing evidence suggests that positive affect plays an important role in adaptation to chronic illness, independent of levels of negative affects like depression. Positive affect may be especially beneficial for people in the midst of severe stress, such as the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As medical treatments for HIV have improved, the number of people living with HIV has increased, and prevention strategies tailored specifically to people living with HIV have become a priority. There is a need for effective, creative, client-centered interventions that can be easily disseminated to community treatment settings, but there are currently few established interventions for people who are newly diagnosed with HIV. We present the design and methods for a randomized trial in which we test the efficacy of one such skills-based intervention that targets positive affect as a novel mechanism of change. The proposed research builds on observational findings of the important unique functions of positive affect. We aim to determine whether a five-session theory-and evidence-based intervention designed to teach skills for increasing the frequency and intensity of daily positive affect does so, and whether this intervention has beneficial effects on subsequent psychological well-being, health behaviors, and physical health up to 15 months after diagnosis with HIV. This is a randomized controlled trial in a sample of adults recruited within 12 weeks of testing positive for HIV. The control group is attention-matched, and follow up assessments will be conducted immediately post intervention (approximately 5 months post diagnosis) and at 10 and 15 months post diagnosis. This study is an important next step in research concerning the adaptive functions of positive affect for people coping with HIV or other health-related life stress. were asked to rate the degree to which they could perform the listed behaviors on an eleven-point scale: 0 = cannot do at all, 5 = moderately certain can do, and 10 = certain can do. We added items to assess self-efficacy in increasing positive affect.
Mindfulness-Based Intervention For Nurses In AIDS Care In China: A Pilot Study

Background/purpose: Workplace stress among nurses providing care for people living with human immunode ﬁ ciency virus is a serious problem in China that may increase rates of job burnout and affect quality of care. Mindfulness-based intervention has been shown to be effective in relieving stress and burnout in nurses. Therefore, we designed a mixed-method pilot study to evaluate a mindfulness-based intervention for nurses providing care for people living with human immunode ﬁ ciency virus. Methods: Twenty nurses caring for people living with human immunode ﬁ ciency virus in the First Hospital of Changsha, China participated in a mindfulness-based intervention for 2 hr sessions weekly for 6 weeks. The Perceived Stress Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data before and after the mindfulness-based intervention. Participants were invited to attend an in-depth interview 1 week after the end of the mind-fulness-based intervention to give feedback. Results: The quantitative analyses revealed a signi ﬁ cant change in Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire scores. There were no signi ﬁ cant differences between pre- and post-interven-tion measures of any other variables. Qualitative results showed nurses experienced a decrease in work and daily life pressures; improvements in communications with patients, colleagues and families, with better regulation of negative emotions, and acceptance of other people and attention. Conclusion: This study supports the acceptability and potential bene ﬁ ts of the mindfulness-based intervention in helping nurses caring for people living with human immunode ﬁ ciency virus to manage stress and emotions, and improve their acceptance of others and attention. A larger study with a randomized controlled trial design is warranted to con ﬁ rm the effectiveness of this mindfulness-based intervention.
Online Data Transmission Reduction Scheme for Energy Conservation in Wireless Video Sensor Networks

Abstract Wireless Video Sensor Networks (WVSNs) are networks of low-cost, low-power camera sensor nodes. These nodes communicate locally and process information to meet an application's goal. WVSNs are extensively used in diverse monitoring applications, such as security, military, industrial, medical, and environmental monitoring. However, the transmission of large amounts of data collected by video sensor nodes in WVSNs poses challenges in terms of energy consumption, bandwidth usage, and network congestion. Reducing energy for processing and transmitting data in WVSNs is difficult due to the huge amount of sensed data in real-time. To address this issue, this paper proposes an Online Data Transmission Reduction Scheme (ODaTReS) for energy conservation in WVSNs. The data reduction by the ODaTReS is based on two phases: the sensing phase and the transmission phase. ODaTReS adapts the frame rate to limit the number of video frames captured during the sensing phase. It does this by using three efficient techniques: ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF), Brute-Force (BF) Matcher, and Grid-based Motion Statistics (GMS). During the transmission phase, we use an adaptive transmission threshold that is responsible for deciding whether to transmit the current captured frame or remove it. Several experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ODaTReS. The proposed ODaTReS outperforms the FRABID method in terms of data reduction and energy consumption. The results reveal that ODaTReS reduced the transmitted data by 80%, compared to 43% for the FRABID method. This reduction in data transmission contributes to a decrease in the total energy consumed, which is reduced to 141.22 joules compared to the FRABID method, which consumes 173.16 joules of energy.
DESiGN Collaborative Group (2019). The DESiGN trial (DEtection of Small for Gestational age Neonate), evaluating the effect of the Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials (1),

, Abstract Background: Stillbirth rates in the United Kingdom (UK) are amongst the highest of all developed nations. The association between small-for-gestational-age (SGA) foetuses and stillbirth is well established, and observational studies suggest that improved antenatal detection of SGA babies may halve the stillbirth rate. The Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP) describes a complex intervention that includes risk assessment for SGA and screening using customised fundal-height growth charts. Increased detection of SGA from the use of GAP has been implicated in the reduction of stillbirth rates by 22%, in observational studies of UK regions where GAP uptake was high. This study will be the first randomised controlled trial examining the clinical efficacy, health economics and implementation of the GAP programme in the antenatal detection of SGA. Methods/design: In this randomised controlled trial, clusters comprising a maternity unit (or National Health Service Trust) were randomised to either implementation of the GAP programme, or standard care. The primary outcome is the rate of antenatal ultrasound detection of SGA in infants found to be SGA at birth by both population and customised standards, as this is recognised as being the group with highest risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes include antenatal detection of SGA by population centiles, antenatal detection of SGA by customised centiles, short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes, resource use and economic
Validating surgical procedure codes for in�ammatory bowel disease in the Swedish National Patient Register

Validating surgical procedure codes for in�ammatory bowel disease in the Swedish National Patient Register Background: About 50% of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and about 20% of those with ulcerative colitis (UC) undergo surgery at some point during the course of the disease. The diagnostic validity of the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) has previously been shown to be high for in�ammatory bowel disease (IBD), but there are little data on the validity of IBD-related surgical procedure codes. Methods: Using patient chart data as the gold standard, surgical procedure codes registered between 1966 and 2014 in the NPR were abstracted and validated in 262 patients with a medical diagnosis of IBD. Of these, 53 patients had reliable data about IBD-related surgery. The positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity and speci�city of the surgical procedure codes were calculated. Results: In total, 158 codes were registered in the NPR. 155 of these, representing 60 different surgical procedure codes, were also present in the patient charts and validated using a standardized form. Of the validated codes 153/155 were concordant against the patient charts, corresponding to a PPV of 96.8% (95%CI=93.9-99.1). Strati�ed in abdominal, perianal and other surgery, the corresponding PPVs were 94.1% (95%CI=88.7-98.6), 100% (95%CI=100-100) and 98.1% (95%CI=93.1-100), respectively. Of 164 surgical procedure codes in the validated patient charts, 155 were registered in the NPR, corresponding to a sensitivity of the surgical procedure codes of 94.5% (95%CI=89.6-99.3). The speci�city of the NPR was 98.5% (95%CI=97.6-100). Conclusions: Data on IBD-related surgical procedure codes are reliable, with the Swedish National Patient Register showing a high sensitivity and speci�city for such surgery.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with prenatally diagnosed foramen ovale restriction: diagnosis, management and outcome

Abstract Objective Despite advances in prenatal diagnosis and postnatal intervention/surgery methods, patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) and coexisting foramen oval restriction still achieve high mortality rates. Our objective was to determine survival predictors and to find answers to, why restriction develops in some, but not others. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of prenatal history and postnatal sequel of 22 patients with HLHS and foramen ovale restriction between 2008 and 2017. Results There were 11 survivors and 11 nonsurvivors. The most significant difference between the two groups pertained to the average time of foramen ovale restriction diagnosis which was 33 weeks for survivors and 28 weeks for nonsurvivors (p = .0416) and the duration of in-utero restriction (9 versus 5 weeks, p = .0213). Twenty patients (20/22) exhibited possible signs of infection. Conclusions (1) Earlier development and longer presence of foramen ovale restriction in the setting of HLHS is associated with higher short-term mortality regardless of the degree of restriction. (2) Ratio of forward pulmonary vein flow to reverse flow (f/r) expressed as a velocity-time integral (VTI) is a good emergent intervention predictor, but it does not correlate with foramen ovale size and maximal velocity, nor does it influence survival rates. (3) Ultrasonographic signs of possible infection of the fetus is a potential risk factor of foramen ovale restriction development in patients with HLHS.
Neural network design and the complexity of learning

We formalize a notion of learning that characterizes the training of feed-forward networks. In the field of learning theory, it stands as a new model specialized for the type of learning problems that arise in connectionist networks. The formulation is similar to Valiant's (Val84) in that we ask what can be feasibly learned from examples and stored in a particular data structure. One can view the data structure resulting from Valiant-type learning as a 'sentence' in a language described by grammatical syntax rules. Neither the words nor their interrelationships are known a priori. Our learned data structure is more particular than Valiant's in that it must be a particular 'sentence'. The position and relationships of each 'word' are fully specified in advance, and the learning system need only discover what the missing words are. This corresponds to the problem of finding retrieval functions for each node in a given network. We prove this problem NP-complete and thus demonstrate that learning in networks has no efficient general solution. Corollaries to the main theorem demonstrate the NP-completeness of several sub-cases. While the intractability of the problem precludes its solution in all these cases, we sketch some alternative definitions of the problem in a search for tractable sub-cases. One broad class of subcases is formed by placing constraits on the network architecture; we study one type in particular. The focus of these constraints is on families of 'shallow' architectures which are defined to have bounded depth and unbounded width. We introduce a perspective on shallow networks, called the Support Cone Interaction (SCI) graph, which is helpful in distinguishing tractable from intractable subcases: When the SCI graph has tree-width O(log n), learning can be accomplished in polynomial time; when its tree-width is $n\sp{\Omega (1)}$ we find the problem NP-complete even if the SCI graph is a simple 2-dimensional planar grid.
Use of National Early Warning Score for observation for increased risk for clinical deterioration during post-ICU care at a surgical ward

Purpose Patients transferred from an intensive care unit (ICU) to a general ward are at risk for clinical deterioration. The aim of the study was to determine if an increase in National Early Warning Score (NEWS) value predicted worse outcomes in surgical ward patients previously treated in the ICU. Patients and methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of gastrointestinal surgery patients after transfer from an ICU/high dependency unit (HDU). NEWS values were collected throughout the ward admission. Clinical deterioration was defined by ICU readmission or death. The ability of NEWS to predict clinical deterioration was determined using a linear mixed effect model. Results We included 124 patients, age 65.9±14.5, 60% males with an ICU Simplified Acute Physiology Score II 33.8±12.7. No patients died unexpectedly at the ward and 20 were readmitted to an ICU/HDU. The NEWS values increased by a mean of 0.15 points per hour (intercept 3.7, P<0.001) before ICU/HDU readmission according to the linear mixed effect model. NEWS at transfer from ICU was the only factor that predicted readmission (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.01–1.72; P=0.04) at the time of admission to the ward. Conclusion Clinical deterioration of surgical patients was preceded by an increase in NEWS.
Use of national early Warning score for observation for increased risk for clinical deterioration during post-iCU care at a surgical ward

Purpose: Patients transferred from an intensive care unit (ICU) to a general ward are at risk for clinical deterioration. The aim of the study was to determine if an increase in National Early Warning Score (NEWS) value predicted worse outcomes in surgical ward patients previously treated in the ICU. Patients and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of gastrointestinal surgery patients after transfer from an ICU/high dependency unit (HDU). NEWS values were collected throughout the ward admission. Clinical deterioration was defined by ICU readmission or death. The ability of NEWS to predict clinical deterioration was determined using a linear mixed effect model. Results: We included 124 patients, age 65.9 ± 14.5, 60% males with an ICU Simplified Acute Physiology Score II 33.8 ± 12.7. No patients died unexpectedly at the ward and 20 were readmitted to an ICU/HDU. The NEWS values increased by a mean of 0.15 points per hour (intercept 3.7, P , 0.001) before ICU/HDU readmission according to the linear mixed effect model. NEWS at transfer from ICU was the only factor that predicted readmission (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.01–1.72; P = 0.04) at the time of admission to the ward. Conclusion: Clinical deterioration of surgical patients was preceded by an increase in NEWS.
Malformation artério-veineuse cérébrale

McCormick in 1966 and Russell and Rubenstein described four types of vascular malformations, and this is now accepted as the current nomenclature. [62-64] Cerebrovascular malformations are classified according to their histopathologic features as : arteriovenous malformation (AVMs), venous angioma, cavernous malformation, and capillary telangiectasia. The focus of this chapter is on true AVMs. A possible fifth category is a direct fistula, or arteriovenous fistula (AVF). These conditions are regarded as acquired lesions involving single or multiple dilated arterioles that connect directly to a vein without a nidus. They are high-flow, high-pressure lesions that have a low incidence of hemorrhage (examples include vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, dural AVF, and carotid cavernous fistula). [62-64]