Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction, Composition and Comparisons–Free Volatile Compounds from Hydrosols of Nine Veronica Taxa

The extraction of bioactive plant components, which belong to specialized metabolites, is carried out by conventional and novel extraction methods. In this study, a classical (hydrodistillation, HD) and a novel technique (microwave-assisted water extraction, MAE) were used to isolate free volatile compounds from nine Croatian Veronica taxa (family Plantaginaceae). Each of these extracts consists of a lipophilic phase and an aqueous phase (hydrosol). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the compounds in the hydrosol phase studied taxa Veronica. The compounds β-ionone and benzene acetaldehyde were detected in all nine Veronica hydrosols studied. Other compounds abundant in all investigated species are germacrene D, α-muurolol, (E)-β-damascenone, and β-ionone. Also, the compositions of hydrosols and lipophilic phases (published in our previous research) of these nine Veronica species were compared. Identification of the compounds in both extract parts is important for selecting the extract part for further biological research. According to the distribution of species in the PCA analyses comparing two methods, only two species showed a greater difference in the composition of the hydrosol by the two methods, therefore our conclusion is that for most species there is no significant difference in the composition. Microwave water extraction is a better choice with regards to more environmentally friendly working conditions. Furthermore, we conclude that hydrosol extracts are not waste products, but are a valuable source of compounds with great potential applications.
Nonlinear heat transport in a dilute gas in the presence of gravitation

In this paper we evaluate corrections to the Navier-Stokes constitutive equations induced by the action of a gravitational field $\mathbf{g}=\ensuremath{-}g\mathbf{z}\^{}$ in a gas subjected to a thermal gradient parallel to a field with no convection. The analysis is performed from an exact perturbation solution of the Boltzmann equation for Maxwell molecules through second order in the field. The reference state (zeroth-order approximation) corresponds to the exact solution of the Boltzmann equation in the pure planar Fourier flow, which holds for arbitrary values of the thermal gradient. The results show that the pressure tensor becomes anisotropic, so that the momentum flux along the field direction is enhanced: ${(P}_{z}z\ensuremath{-}p)/p\ensuremath{\approx}{14.4(p}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{2}g\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}T/\ensuremath{\partial}{z)}^{2}$. In addition, the heat flux increases (decreases) with respect to its Navier-Stokes value when the gas is heated from above (below): ${q}_{z}{/q}_{z}^{\mathrm{NS}}\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{\approx}{20.7(p}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{2}g\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}T/\ensuremath{\partial}z)$.
Macrosolen zamboangensis (Loranthaceae), a new mistletoe species from Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines

Macrosolen zamboangensis, a new mistletoe species from the Zamboanga peninsula of the island of Mindanao (Philippines), is described. The new species is a member of the widespread M. melintangensis species complex, but differs from the previously described species in this complex in having a conspicuously papillose corolla head. It is also the only species in this complex that displays a combination of papillose pedicels, calycula and fruits, at least 3–4 inflorescence axes grouped at a node, and relatively small flowers that are clustered at the apex of a raceme (a subumbel) instead of being more evenly distributed along the inflorescence axis. The conservation status of this new species is considered Vulnerable (V).
Conservation laws of optical Bloch equations for the tripod scheme - contribution of double dark-state

Results are presented for the conservation laws (CLs) of the optical Bloch equations (OBEs) for the 4-level tripod atomic scheme under the action of three laser fields. CLs are constructed for OBEs that include the spontaneous emission, collisional broadening and time of flight relaxation, and also without these effects, i.e. for the Liouville von Neumann equation (LNE). We used the direct method to construct CLs as the linear combinations of the density matrix elements and their products. These CLs were in turn used to obtain another set of CLs that explicitly depend on time and stand with relaxation due to the time of flight in OBEs. We also constructed CLs for OBEs representing special case of the tripod system that supports the coherent population trapping (CPT), the phenomenon characterized by the ‘dark-state’. Tripod scheme has two dark-states with the same Hamiltonian eigenvalue. As we explain, this peculiarity of tripod scheme contributes to additional CLs of both LNE and OBEs with all relaxation and decoherence effects included, when CPT is present.
High-resolution x-ray spectrum of a laser-produced barium plasma in the 9.10-9.36-Å wavelength range

A highly stripped barium plasma is produced by 120-fs laser pulses irradiating a ${\mathrm{BaF}}_{2}$ target. The spectrum emitted by the plasma in the 9.10\char21{}9.36-\AA{} wavelength range is recorded using a high-resolution spherically bent mica crystal. On the basis of the HULLAC atomic code, a level-by-level collisional-radiative model including autoionization and dielectronic capture processes is developed to calculate the wavelengths and intensities of the spectral lines emitted by each of the Cu-, Zn-, and Ga-like barium ions. $3d\ensuremath{-}nf$ $(n=6,7)$ spectral lines with different spectator electrons, previously observed only as unresolved transition arrays, are resolved. The theoretical results agree reasonably well with experiment. Best agreement is obtained for electron density and temperature of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{21}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ and 120 eV, respectively. The intensity ratios of the resolved Cu-like barium lines are shown to be useful tools for electron density and temperature diagnosis. This diagnostic method was not possible with low-resolution spectroscopy. It is found that at relatively low temperature and high density as in the present experiment, the relative intensities of lines within each ionization state are independent of the ion density ratio of adjacent ionization states.
Improvement on yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) using different rates of organic manure and sowing seasons in South Eastern Nigeria

This study aimed at determining how different rates of poultry manure affected the growth and production of onions (Allium cepa L.) in wet and dry seasons. The experiment was conducted from July to October 2019 and from January to April 2020 at the Department of Crop Science teaching and research farm, University of Nigeria Nsukka, South Eastern Nigeria. The experiment applied a randomized complete block design with nine replications spread over three blocks. The treatments were four doses of poultry manure (0, 10, 20 and 30 t.ha-1) tried in two seasons (wet and dry season). Prior to the investigations, soil analysis of the experimental site and poultry manure nutrient content were carried out. The growth pattern and yield was higher during the wet season. Poultry manure at amount of 30 t.ha-1 gave the best growth attributes (number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf diameter) 14.22, 53.67 cm and 0.88 cm respectively while the 20 t.ha-1 had the highest plant height and bulb fresh weight, 60.86 cm and 2 kg/plant respectively. The trend was not the same as in dry season planting because 20 t.ha-1 poultry manure differs significantly from other rates of poultry manure considered. Plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter and bulb fresh weight (57.64 cm, 55.28 cm, 0.84 cm and 0.63 kg/plant respectively) were statistically significantly (p < 0.05) different at 5% probability level. Utilization of 20 t.ha-1 of poultry manure and planting in wet season gave the best growth and yield of onion vegetable.
The potential for Treg-enhancing therapies in transplantation

Since the discovery of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as crucial regulators of immune tolerance against self-antigens, these cells have become a promising tool for the induction of donor-specific tolerance in transplantation medicine. The therapeutic potential of increasing in vivoTreg numbers for a favorable Treg to Teff cell ratio has already been demonstrated in several sophisticated pre-clinical models and clinical pilot trials. In addition to improving cell quantity, enhancing Treg function utilizing engineering techniques led to encouraging results in models of autoimmunity and transplantation. Here we aim to discuss the most promising approaches for Treg-enhancing therapies, starting with adoptive transfer approaches and ex vivoexpansion cultures (polyclonal vs. antigen specific), followed by selective in vivostimulation methods. Furthermore, we address next generation concepts for Treg function enhancement (CARs, TRUCKs, BARs) as well as the advantages and caveats inherit to each approach. Finally, this review will discuss the clinical experience with Treg therapy in ongoing and already published clinical trials; however, data on long-term results and efficacy are still very limited and many questions that might complicate clinical translation remain open. Here, we discuss the hurdles for clinical translation and elaborate on current Treg-based therapeutic options as well as their potencies for improving long-term graft survival in transplantation.
Effect of supplementation of vitrification solution on post-thaw survivability rate of porcine follicular oocytes

Oocytes (510) with two or more cumulus cell layers adhered to zona pellucida obtained by aspiration from follicles (2â€“8 mm dia) of 127 abattoir porcine ovaries were utilized to study the effect of supplementation of 0.5 M sucrose (Suc), 50 mg/ml polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and Suc + PVP into two different vitrification solutions, i.e. 35% concentration of both ethylene glycol (EG)+ propylene glycol (PG) and EG + dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Vitrified post-thaw oocytes with intact zona pellucida and vitelline membrane, normal spherical shape and dark and evenly granulated cytoplasm under a stereo-zoom microscope were considered as viable. Out of the three supplements treatments, supplementation with sucrose + PVP combination and sucrose alone resulted in significantly higher mean post-thaw survivability rate of vitrified oocytes both for EG + PG and EG + DMSO as compared to the supplementation with PVP alone. It was concluded that addition of sucrose alone or in combination with PVP in vitrification solution, significantly improved survivability of vitrified porcine follicular oocytes.
Ethnic-Associated Phenotype Variations in Moyamoya Cerebrovascular Outcomes

Introduction: Moyamoya has been extensively described in East Asian populations, and despite its accepted clinical presentation and course, it is fundamental to describe major cerebrovascular complications in other ethnically diverse samples. Hence, we sought to determine if distinct ethnic groups are at higher risk of developing stroke using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Methods: We included all moyamoya patients admitted from January 2013 until December 2018 in the NIS database. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the risk of developing stroke and poor outcomes in different races compared to white patients. Results: Out of the 6093 admissions with diagnosis of moyamoya disease that were captured, 2,520 were white (41.6%), 2,078 were African American (AA) (34.1%), 721 were Hispanic (11.8%), and 496 were Asian (8.14%). For arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), we found that AA race had a significantly reduced risk of AIS compared to white patients (odds ratio = 0.8, 95% confidence interval: 0.7–0.9, p = 0.031). While being Hispanic or Asian significantly increased 1.5 and 2-fold the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: This study highlights the unique features and phenotypes of moyamoya cases among different ethnicities. While possibly AA are protected from developing AIS due to underlying causes of moyamoya such as sickle cell disease, Asians seems to be more susceptible to hemorrhagic stroke.
does ion tearing exist

In a quasi-neutral sheet the tearing mode is strongly stabilized by electron compressibility. The authors demonstrate that previous attempts to remove the compressibility by wave turbulent pitch-angle scattering or by non-adiabatic stochastic first invariant diffusion are incorrect since these processes do not change the pertubed number of particles on a flux tube. Only spatial diffusion of electrons across magnetic flux surfaces can remove the stabilizing effect of compressibility; in this case, the electron, but not the ion, tearing mode may exist.
MR Tuned Liquid Colum Damper (MR-TLCD) for Seismic Vibration Control

Seismic vibration control of flexible structure is an important aspect which mostly involves reduction of structure displacement via application of passive damper or mass dampers. Present study focuses on the seismic vibration control of flexible structure against random earthquake, through modified (using MR fluid) tuned liquid column damper (TLCD), known as the MR-TLCD. To this end, stochastic structural response analysis has been performed and results (structure displacement ratio and liquid displacement) are compared with conventional the TLCD. To establish the superior control efficiency of MR-TLCD over conventional TLCD, parametric study has been performed considering wide range of damper, structure, and earthquake loading parameters. Study results shows the existence of optimal value of tuning ratio, head loss coefficient, and yield shear strength of MR fluid of MR-TLCD which minimizes the structure displacement ratio, i.e. maximizes the control efficiency. Another important observation is that, for similar level of control efficiency MR-TLCD requires much less value of mass ratio than that of TLCD, and also at same time it keeps the liquid displacement much less compared to the TLCD, for same value of mass ratio. This aspect increases the applicability of MR-TLCD over TLCD for vibration control of the flexible structure. In comparison to the TLCD, MR-TLCD provides 17 % to 43 % higher structural displacement control efficiency and reduces liquid displacement by 14 % to 45 %.
Assessment of e-learning Experience of Senior High School Students in a Private School

The global pandemic drastically impacted the education landscape, directing schools to shift from traditional classrooms to online education. Online education paved the way for e-learning as the new normal mode of education. This study assessed the e-learning experiences of Senior High School students in a private academic institution that used a descriptive-correlational research design using mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient in data analysis. Three hundred sixteen students were surveyed. Results showed that perceived quality is very positive, and students were highly satisfied with their e-learning experience; however, this was not translated to the behavioral intention of recommending e-learning to other students. Results also showed that only the perceived quality significantly differs while the other dimensions do not vary. Finally, the results showed that e-Learning quality, level of satisfaction, behavioral intention, and grade expectation were all positively correlated. It can be concluded that students show a positive assessment of their e-learning experience. However, developing strategies that will enhance their educational learning experience is still recommended to fully embrace the new normal education.
Thallium Induced Sub-chronic Toxicity Profile in Wistar Rats

Thallium (Tl) is one of the most toxic heavy metals affecting both humans and animals, yet is one of the least studied for its toxicological effects. A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four Groups with 10 rats in each Group. Group I received distilled water only and served as a control. Group II, III, and IV received thallium sulfate (I) at 0.48, 0.93, and 1.33 mg/kg body weight, respectively, in drinking water for 90 days. In Group IV rats, lethargy, dehydration, weakness, mild diarrhea, weight loss and 100% morality in male Wistar rat were noted. Group II and III rats showed significant reduction in cholesterol, phosphorus, triglyceride level, and absolute and relative spleen weight. Microscopically, thallium sulfate (I) found to cause lymphoid depletion in white pulp of spleen in all treatment Groups. In kidney of Group IV rats, tubular necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation or clearing of tubules, cast, and thrombosis were found. Dose dependent hyperkeratosis was found in non-glandular stomach in all three treated Groups. In conclusion, spleen, kidney and stomach were primarily affected organs in sub-chronic thallium toxicity.
Evaluation of the NCEP Global Forecast System at the ARM SGP Site

Abstract This study evaluates the performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (GFS) against observations made by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program at the southern Great Plains site for the years 2001–04. The spatial and temporal scales of the observations are examined to search for an optimum approach for comparing grid-mean model forecasts with single-point observations. A single-column model (SCM) based upon the GFS was also used to aid in understanding certain forecast errors. The investigation is focused on the surface energy fluxes and clouds. Results show that the overall performance of the GFS model has been improving, although certain forecast errors remain. The model overestimated the daily maximum latent heat flux by 76 W m−2 and the daily maximum surface downward solar flux by 44 W m−2, and underestimated the daily maximum sensible heat flux by 44 W m−2. The model’s surface energy balance was reached by a ca.
Effect of fluorine on the diffusion of boron in ion implanted Si

Ion implants of 1 keV 11B+ and 5 keV BF2+, to a dose of 1×1015/cm2 at a tilt angle of 0°, were implanted into preamorphized (Si+,70 keV, 1×1015/cm2) wafers. These samples were rapid thermal annealed in an ambient of 33 ppm of oxygen in N2 at very short times (<0.1 s spike anneals) at 1000 and 1050 °C to investigate the effects of the fluorine in BF2 implants on transient enhanced diffusion (TED). By using a relatively deep preamorphization of 1450 A, any difference in damage between the typically amorphizing BF2 implants and the nonamorphizing B implants is eliminated because the entire profile (<800 A after annealing) is well contained within the amorphous layer. Upon annealing, the backflow of interstitials from the end-of-range damage from the preamorphization implant produces TED of the B in the regrown layer. This allows the chemical effect of the fluorine on the TED of the B in the regrown Si to be studied independent of the damage. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy results show that upon annealin.
The role of infrastructures in rural depopulation. An econometric analysis

The aim of this article is to contribute to the analysis of the causes of rural depopulation and, particularly, the role of infrastructures. We build a panel data set with the 78 municipalities of a region in Northern Spain, Asturias. We estimate an econometric model where rural population is explained by a set of economic and infrastructure variables as well as some characteristics of the municipalities. The main results show the importance of infrastructures to maintain rural population. The presence of a medium–size town in the municipality helps to fix the population in the countryside. However, the income gap with urban municipalities contributes to reduce rural population.
Are the cytokines and chemokines important for the early diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) has very high mortality and morbidity rates, and the most important factor in the prognosis of AMI is the duration of ischemia. This study aims to evaluate the changes of these markers according to the ischemia duration and possible use of cytokines and chemokines in the early diagnosis of AMI. METHODS: Twenty-one male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three equal groups. The Superior Mesenteric Artery and Superior Mesenteric Vein were tied tightly and exposed to ischemia for 2 h for Group 1 and 6 h for Group 2. There was no intervention for Group 3, and it was selected as a control group. Intracardiac blood samples were collected after 2 h in Group 1 and 6 h in Groups 2 and 3. The IL-1α, 1β, 6, 10, 12p70, 17A, 18, 33, CXCL1/KC, CCL2/MCP-1, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the groups in IFN-γ, CXCL1, MCP1, TNF-α, and IL-6 parameters. In the correlation analyses performed according to the mesenteric ischemia time, a very strong correlation was observed in CXCL1, as well as a strong level for MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, a moderate level of correlation was found in IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-18. CONCLUSION: The increased levels of CXCL1, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6, which had a high correlation with the duration of ischemia in patients with intestinal ischemia, may help clinicians with diagnoses and treatment decision-making.
Model matching via multirate sampling with fast sampled input guaranteeing the stability of the plant zeros : extensions to adaptive control

The model matching problem in discrete systems with free-design zeros of the reference model for any fractional order-hold and a wide set of admissible values of the running sampling period used in the discretisation process of a linear and time-invariant single-input single-output continuous-time plant is investigated. A fast input sampling rate at sufficiently small sampling period is used with an appropriate set of scalar gains to generate the input sequence within the slow-running sampling period. This makes it possible to stabilise the discrete plant zeros that allows their cancellation in the model-matching problem synthesis irrespective of either the absence of continuous-time zeros or the presence of continuous-time critically stable or unstable ones. The design is extended to adaptive control for the case of unknown plants.
Jasmonate Positively Regulates Cold Tolerance by Promoting ABA Biosynthesis in Tomato

As a cold-sensitive species, tomato is frequently challenged by cold stress during vegetative and reproductive growth. Understanding how tomato responds to cold stress is of critical importance for sustainable tomato production. In this work, we demonstrate that jasmonate (JA) plays a crucial role in tomato response to cold stress by promoting abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. It was observed that both JA and ABA levels were substantially increased under cold conditions, whereas the suppression of JA biosynthesis abated ABA accumulation. The ABA biosynthesis gene 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE2 (NCED2) was subsequently found to be associated with JA-mediated ABA biosynthesis in tomato plants in response to cold stress. NCED2 was rapidly induced by exogenous MeJA and cold treatment. Silencing NCED2 led to a decrease in ABA accumulation that was concurrent with increased cold sensitivity. Moreover, blocking ABA biosynthesis using a chemical inhibitor impaired JA-induced cold tolerance in tomato. Furthermore, MYC2, a core component of the JA signaling pathway, promoted the transcription of NCED2, ABA accumulation and cold tolerance in tomato. Collectively, our results support that JA signaling promotes ABA biosynthesis to confer cold tolerance in tomato.