Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composites fibres / matrice minérale : du matériau a la structure

Ce travail de recherche est axe sur le developpement de composites a liant phosphatique et fibres de renfort en verre E pour diverses applications structurales en Genie Civil. Dans une premiere partie, un bilan bibliographique nous permet d’identifier les principaux facteurs aux differentes echelles (nano, micro, meso et macro) ayant une influence sur le comportement global de composites a matrice minerale. Dans un second temps, les proprietes mecaniques et physico-chimiques des constituants sont presentees. Nous developpons une methodologie specifique de caracterisation en traction, en compression et en cisaillement. Le developpement de procedures experimentales particulieres en compression et en cisaillement permet l’identification des lois de comportement et l’evaluation des seuils d’endommagement et charges de rupture. La prevision des differents termes de rigidite elastique des systemes composites est evaluee a partir d’expressions reprenant les principes de base de la micromecanique des composites. L’analyse du comportement a rupture est abordee au plan mesoscopique en considerant deux criteres de resistance en plasticite, anisotropie (Tsai-Wu) et en contrainte normale, de cisaillement (Mohr-Coulomb). La deuxieme partie de la recherche est consacree a l’etude d’elements structuraux mettant en oeuvre les formulations pultrudes de ces systemes composites. L’experimentation de poutres, presentant un rapport de la hauteur de la section a la portee de la poutre compris entre 1/15 et 1/50, met en evidence des modes de rupture specifiques confirmant les faibles caracteristiques du materiau vis-a-vis de l’effort tranchant, du cisaillement interlaminaire et de la decohesion fibre/matrice. L’optimisation de la conception et du dimensionnement des poutres se poursuit en considerant des modifications d’ordre technologique : modification des sections par addition d’entretoises, confinement des sections par tressage circonferentiel, application d’un confinement par stratification directe. Pour chaque type de structures, nous cherchons a definir les limites de validite des methodes de dimensionnement usuelles en examinant plus particulierement la conformite des hypotheses de calcul (Navier-Bernoulli, Saint Venant), la coherence des equations d’equilibre au regard de la cinematique dans chaque section. Dans un second temps, nous considerons des developpements integrant les non linearites de comportement ou des modeles d’equilibre de type force adaptes a la redistribution interne des efforts tranchants.
Utilizing NPKS rich strips throughout Oklahoma winter wheat production

Both temporal and spatial variation plays a major r ole in nutrient requirements and availability. This study was conducted to impro ve nutrient use efficiencies, demonstrate ability to visually identify nutrient n eeds throughout a cropping season, along with the evaluation of both soil nutrient rec ommendations across divergent environments and current producer fertilization man agement schemes. This project is an extension of the N-rich strip concept which is used to identify in season nitrogen deficiencies. Nutrient rich strips of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) were applied at 59 site years with 236 c omparisons across Oklahoma, on multiple soil types with a wide range of environmen tal conditions and wheat varieties. Nutrient rich strips were applied at a rate of 257. 6 kg ha of product to a 1.8 by 30.5 meter strip in producer fields. Urea (46-0-0), trip le super phosphate (0-20-0 ), potash (0-052) and gypsum (0-0-0-19) were used for sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur respectively. Composite surface (0-15 cm) an d subsurface (15-45 cm) soil samples were taken prior to application for soil nutrient r ecommendations. Normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) data was collected from the nutrient rich strips and the farmer practice, where the GreenSeekerTM sensor was used to estimate biomass. At maturity three one m subplots were hand harvest from each strip. Sample s were threshed, grain weight recorded and grain samples analyzed for N, P , K and S content. Of 59 locations and 236 comparisons 17 responses were documented. M ost responses were due to underestimated yield goal, overestimated NUE or ide nt fi d by soil testing results. In the two years this study was conducted winter wheat gra in yield was increased with the addition of N at seven locations, P at seven locati ns, K at three locations. Over the 59 locations sampled there was no response to addition al S fertilizer. Soil testing proved to be an adequate method for nutrient recommendation. At 75% of the locations yield was maximized by the producer with his or her NPKS mana gement system. The study was however unable to identify if the management strate gies optimized yield economically.
The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant Tissues

Anthocyanin accumulation is responsible for the coloration of apple fruit, and their accumulation depends on the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Light is an environmental stimulus that induces fruit color by regulating genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. In this study, the roles of light and genetic factors on fruit coloration and anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit were investigated. Three genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, MdCHS, MdANS, and MdUFGT1, were synthesized and cloned into a viral-based expression vector system for transient expression in ‘Ruby S’ apple fruits. Apple fruits were agroinfiltrated with expression vectors harboring MdCHS, MdANS, and MdUFGT1. Agroinfiltrated apple fruits were then either kept in the dark (bagged fruits) or exposed to light (exposed fruits). The agroinfiltrated fruits showed significantly different coloration patterns, transcript expression levels, and anthocyanin accumulation compared to the control fruits. Moreover, these parameters were higher in exposed fruits than in bagged fruits. For stable expression, MdCHS was introduced into a binary vector under the control of the rice α-amylase 3D (RAmy3D) promoter. The ectopic overexpression of MdCHS in transgenic rice calli showed a high accumulation of anthocyanin content. Taken together, our findings suggest that light, together with the overexpression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, induced the coloration and accumulation of anthocyanin content in apple fruits by upregulating the expression of the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.
Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity at intermediate depths of the North-Atlantic O

We have composited historical hydrographic observations for the world ocean for two pentads, 1955–1959 and 1970–1974, and have objectively analyzed these data for the purpose of studying the temporal variability of temperature and salinity in the North Atlantic Ocean. The subtropical gyre (500–1300 m) of the North Atlantic was colder and fresher during 1970–1974 compared to 1955–1959. The relatively large changes in temperature and salinity on constant-depth surfaces in the subtropical gyre were due to upward displacements of isopycnal surfaces. At intermediate depths the eastern portion of the subarctic gyre was also colder and fresher during the 1970–1974 pentad. In contrast, the western portion of the subarctic gyre exhibited higher temperatures and salinities during 1970–1974 compared to 1955–1959. Characteristic differences in temperature and salinity for both gyres were 0.5°C and 0.025‰, respectively. Analysis of changes in potential vorticity indicates that in the subtropical gyre potential vorticity increased in all density layers above the 26.5 surface, suggesting that convection in this region may have been shallower in 1970–1974 compared to 1955–1959. Below the 26.5 surface, potential vorticity decreased through the 27.3 surface, indicating that deeper than normal convection may have formed the water masses in these layers. At 250-m depth, relatively large changes in temperature and salinity occurred along the line of maximum climatological mixed layer depth that extends northeast to southwest across the North Atlantic Ocean.
Aspects épidémiologique et diagnostique de la dénutrition aigüe sévère chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans dans la commune de Kara

Objective: Describe both epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of severe malnutrition (SM) in children under five years old in the Kara locality. Patients - Method: It was a multi-centered retrospective study from October 2006 to September 2009 in the three “Internal Nutrition Recovery Centers “of Kara concerning severely malnourished children (severe loss of weight associated with a Weight / Height ratio < 70%, or the presence of nutritional oedema, with or without complications). Socials and anthropometrics data, type of SM with their various complications, are the data assessed. Results: SM children represented 1.2% of total hospitalizations (166 cases) with female being predominant (sex ratio: 0.9). The weight/height indicator was determined in 92.8% of malnourished children. Nutritional oedemas were found in 19.9%, the appetite test crucial in determining the environment where care is given was achieved in 25.3% of the patients. Marasmus was observed in 80.1% of cases, kwashiorkor in 14.5% and the mixed form marasmic kwashiorkor in 5.4%. SM has been associated with medical complications in 98.8% of cases of which severe anemia (57.2%), dehydration (36.7%), pulmonary disease (21.1%), HIV/AIDS (14.4%) and transit disorders (12.6%). Conclusion: Reducing the impact of the SM in children will surely require the improvement of the living conditions of their parents, good management of crops to cover periods of shortage and early detection of cases. Keywords : Epidemiology, diagnosis, severe malnutrition, child J. Rech. Sci. Univ. Lome (Togo) , 2012, Serie D, 14(1) : 85-90
Interpositional Arthroplasty With Quadriceps Tendon in Patellofemoral Joint Osteoarthritis: An Alternative Way

We present a case report of a 45-year-old Malay female prison officer with a diagnosis of lateral patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis (OA) in her right knee for whom conservative treatment failed. She was periodically followed up for the unresolving anterior right knee pain, and the patient was offered interpositional PFJ arthroplasty with the quadriceps tendon. A novel technique of interpositional PFJ arthroplasty using lateral inner section ipsilateral quadriceps tendon was applied. The approach and surgical technique were described in this case report. The aim of this study is to describe why this technique was chosen, step by step with images on how interpositional PFJ arthroplasty is done and its satisfactory outcome following a three-month follow up.
Unit Hydrograph Parameters Versus Urbanization

Various rainfall-runoff models are based on the development of unit hydrographs, loss rate functions, and routing criteria. With models of this type, characteristics used to define the unit hydrograph, loss rate, and routing criteria need to be modified to predict runoff that would occur because of future development within a watershed. Certain aspects of this problem, particularly changes in peak flow and lag time due to urbanization, have been treated previously. It is the aim of this note to present additional information regarding the modification of unity hydrograph characteristics due to increased urbanization and to introduce techniques which can be utilized in a practical solution.
Response of Aboveground Net Primary Production, Species and Phylogenetic Diversity to Warming and Increased Precipitation in an Alpine Meadow

The uncertain responses of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and plant diversity to climate warming and increased precipitation will limit our ability to predict changes in vegetation productivity and plant diversity under future climate change and further constrain our ability to protect biodiversity and ecosystems. A long-term experiment was conducted to explore the responses of ANPP, plant species, phylogenetic α–diversity, and community composition to warming and increased precipitation in an alpine meadow of the Northern Tibet from 2014 to 2019. Coverage, height, and species name were obtained by conventional community investigation methods, and ANPP was obtained using observed height and coverage. Open–top chambers with two different heights were used to simulate low- and high-level climate warming. The low- and high-level increased precipitation treatments were achieved by using two kinds of surface area funnel devices. The high-level warming reduced sedge ANPP (ANPPsedge) by 62.81%, species richness (SR) by 21.05%, Shannon by 13.06%, and phylogenetic diversity (PD) by 14.48%, but increased forb ANPP (ANPPforb) by 56.65% and mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) by 33.88%. Species richness, Shannon, and PD of the high-level warming were 19.64%, 9.67%, and 14.66% lower than those of the low-level warming, respectively. The high-level warming-induced dissimilarity magnitudes of species and phylogenetic composition were greater than those caused by low-level warming. The low- rather than high-level increased precipitation altered species and phylogenetic composition. There were significant inter-annual variations of ANPP, plant species, phylogenetic α–diversity and community composition. Therefore, climate warming and increased precipitation had non-linear effects on ANPP and plant diversity, which were due to non-linear changes in temperature, water availability, and/or soil nutrition caused by warming and increased precipitation. The inter-annual variations of ANPP and plant diversity were stronger than the effects of warming and especially increased precipitation on ANPP and plant diversity. In terms of plant diversity conservation and related policy formulation, we should pay more attention to regions with greater warming, at least for the northern Tibet grasslands. Besides paying attention to the responses of ANPP and plant diversity to climate change, the large inter-annual changes of ANPP and plant diversity should be given great attention because the large inter-annual variation indicates the low temporal stability of ANPP and plant diversity and thus produces great uncertainty for the development of animal husbandry.
The Impact of an Empowerment Evaluation Approach on Teachers’ TPACK-P Proficiency Levels

In South Africa, there is a strong recognition of the affordances of information and communications technology (ICT) in science teaching and learning. A key indicator for the effective use of ICT is the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) of teachers with TPACK-Practical (TPACK-P) being an important iteration related to teacher enactment of this knowledge. The purpose of this research study was to capture, portray and develop the TPACK-P proficiency levels of five Physical Sciences teachers using an empowerment evaluation (EE) approach. This study adopted a mixed-methods case study design within a pragmatic research paradigm. The existing TPACK-P levels of teachers were established by administering a questionnaire and doing classroom observations of teachers using ICT in their practice. Following a professional development programme informed by principles of EE, the same TPACK-P questionnaire was used to determine if there was a change in the teachers’ TPACK-P proficiency levels. Classroom lesson observations were also conducted at this stage to establish shifts in the competency of teachers when integrating ICT into their teaching. The results of this study showed that the EE approach that guided the professional development of the Physical Sciences teachers was effective in improving their TPACK-P proficiency levels and in empowering them to be more confident and competent when integrating ICT into their teaching. This suggests that the EE approach can be modelled in professional development efforts involving small groups of teachers.
Gröbner–Shirshov bases for commutative dialgebras

Abstract We establish Gröbner–Shirshov bases theory for commutative dialgebras. We show that for any ideal I of , I has a unique reduced Gröbner–Shirshov basis, where is the free commutative dialgebra generated by a set X, in particular, I has a finite Gröbner–Shirshov basis if X is finite. As applications, we give normal forms of elements of an arbitrary commutative disemigroup, prove that the word problem for finitely presented commutative dialgebras (disemigroups) is solvable, and show that if X is finite, then the problem whether two ideals of are identical is solvable. We construct a Gröbner–Shirshov basis in associative dialgebra by lifting a Gröbner–Shirshov basis in .
Trace fossils in the Cretaceous-Eocene flysch of the Sinop-Boyabat Basin, Central Pontides, Turkey

Sixty six ichnotaxa have been recognized in Barremian-Lutetian deep-marine deposits o f the Sinop- Boyabat Basin, north-central Turkey, which evolved from a backarc rift into a retroarc foreland, with two episodes of major shallowing. The blackish-grey shales of the Qaglayan Fm (Barremian-Cenomanian) contain lowdiversity traces fossils o f mobile sediment feeders influenced by low oxygenation. One o f the oldest occurrences of Scolicia indicates early adaptation to burrowing in organic-rich mud. The “normal” flysch of the Coniacian- Campanian Yemi^lifay Fm bears a low-diversity Nereites ichnofacies influenced by volcanic activity. The Maastrichtian-Late Palaeocene carbonate flysch of the Akveren Fm contains a Nereites ichnofacies of moderate diversity, which is impoverished in the uppermost part, where tempestites indicate marked shallowing. The overlying variegated muddy flysch of the Atba^i Fm (latest Palaeocene-earliest Eocene) bears an impoverished Nereites ichnofacies, which is attributed to oligotrophy and reduced preservation potential. The sand-rich siliciclastic flysch of the Kusuri Fm ( Early-Middle Eocene) bears a high-diversity Nereites ichnofacies, except for the topmost part, where tempestites and littoral bioclastic limestone reflect rapid shallowing due to the tectonic closure of the basin. The turbiditic channel-fill and proximal lobe facies show a reduced trace-fossil diversity, but abundant Ophiomorpha, which is typical of the Ophiomorpha rudis sub-ichnofacies of the Nereites ichnofacies. The high abundance of Ophiomorpha in the Kusuri Fm and its low abundance in the Akveren Fm are related to plant detritus supply. The Kusuri turbiditic system was fed by a large delta, supplying rich plant detritus, whereas the Akveren system was fed by a carbonate ramp that supplied little or no such material. The extension of the Nereites ichnofacies into the tempestite-bearing neritic deposits at the top of both the Akveren and Kusuri formations indicates the capacity of the deep-water ichnofauna to survive in a rapidly-shoaling restricted basin. Only the topmost shoreface sandstones of the Akveren Fm show sporadic Ophiomorpha ‘Inodosa, a typical shallow-marine trace fossil.
A review on fingerprint image enhancement techniques

A lot of fingerprint image enhancement algorithms have been done in the past. There are many techniques and approaches in enhan cing the low quality fingerprint images. In this paper, a review of several approaches and techniques used in the past to solve low quality problem in fingerprint images are discussed. Results of those techniques are shown and discussed in this paper.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy as a diagnostic tool in infants with primary congenital glaucoma

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Clinical Ophthalmology 2014:8 1725–1730 Clinical Ophthalmology Dovepress
Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Honeybee Production in the Three Agro-ecological Districts of Gamo Gofa Zone of Southern Ethiopia with Emphasis on Constraints and Opportunities

S The study was conducted in Gamo Gofa zone of southern Ethiopia to assess the honey bee production systems, constraints and opportunities. Cross-sectional types of studies were used to collect data. Using a purposive sampling technique, 156 households were included in the survey. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15 software. The main purpose of keeping honey bees were for both income generation and home consumption. The main sources of the foundation colony were catching swarm (96.2%) and buying (3.8%). Most (87.8%) of the beekeepers in the study area have owned only traditional hives. Beekeepers in the study area prevent the incidence of swarming by transferring incidental swarms (69.2%), removal of queen cell (19.2%) and cutting of combs (10.9%). The average amount of honey harvested per hive per year from traditional hive, transitional and modern hive was 5.88 kg, 14.07 kg and 20.64 kg, respectively. There was (p<0.05) variations in the three agro ecological representing woredas in honey yield/hive/year particularly in traditional and modern hives. Whereas the honey yield in transitional hive in the three woredas was not different (p>0.05). The major factors that govern the price of honey in the study area are color and test of honey (59.6%) and season (40.4%). There was (p<0.001) differences on the price of 1 kg honey in the three study woredas. The most important constraints of beekeeping in the study area were lack of beekeeping equipment's (1st), shortage of bee colony (2nd), high cost of modern hive (3rd), Pests and predators (4th), lack of training (5th), shortage of bee forage (6th), shortage of water (7th) and absconding (8th). However, the study area has huge opportunities and potentials so as to boost the honey and wax production
The xerolithic geothermal (``hot dry rock``) energy resource of the United States: An update

This report presents revised estimates, based upon the most current geothermal gradient data, of the xerolithic geothermal (``hot dry rock`` or HDR) energy resources of the United States. State-by-state tabular listings are provided of the HDR energy resource base, the accessible resource base, and the potentially useful resource base. The latter further subdivided into components with potential for electricity generation, process heat, and space heat. Comparisons are made with present estimates of fossil fuel reserves. A full-sized geothermal gradient contour map is provided as a supplement in a pocket inside the back cover of the report.