Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxygen isotopic alteration in Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions from Efremovka: Nebular or parent body setting?

Abstract— In situ SIMS oxygen isotope data were collected from a coarse‐grained type B1 Ca‐Al‐rich inclusion (CAI) and an adjacent fine‐grained CAI in the reduced CV3 Efremovka to evaluate the timing of isotopic alteration of these two objects. The coarse‐grained CAI (CGI‐10) is a sub‐spherical object composed of elongate, euhedral, normally‐zoned melilite crystals ranging up to several hundreds of Pm in length, coarse‐grained anorthite and Al, Ti‐diopside (fassaite), all with finegrained (∼10 μm across) inclusions of spinel. Similar to many previously examined coarse‐grained CAIs from CV chondrites, spinel and fassaite are 16O‐rich and melilite is 16O‐poor, but in contrast to many previous results, anorthite is 16O‐rich. Isotopic composition does not vary with textural setting in the CAI: analyses of melilite from the core and mantle and analyses from a variety of major element compositions yield consistent 16O‐poor compositions. CGI‐10 originated in an 16O‐rich environment, and subsequent alteration resulted in complete isotopic exchange in melilite. The fine‐grained CAI (FGI‐12) also preserves evidence of a 1st‐generation origin in an 16O‐rich setting but underwent less severe isotopic alteration. FGI‐12 is composed of spinel ± melilite nodules linked by a mass of Al‐diopside and minor forsterite along the CAI rim. All minerals are very fine‐grained (<5 μm) with no apparent igneous textures or zoning. Spinel, Al‐diopside, and forsterite are 16O‐rich, while melilite is variably depleted in 16O (δ17,18O from ∼‐40‰ to −5‰).
New insights into the environmental factors controlling the ground thermal regime across the Northern Hemisphere: a comparison between permafrost and non-permafrost areas

Abstract. The thermal state of permafrost affects Earth surface systems and human activity in the Arctic and has implications for global climate. Improved understanding of the local-scale variability in the global ground thermal regime is required to account for its sensitivity to changing climatic and geoecological conditions. Here, we statistically related observations of mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and active-layer thickness (ALT) to high-resolution (∼1 km2) geospatial data of climatic and local environmental conditions across the Northern Hemisphere. The aim was to characterize the relative importance of key environmental factors and the magnitude and shape of their effects on MAGT and ALT. The multivariate models fitted well to both response variables with average R2 values being ∼0.94 and 0.78. Corresponding predictive performances in terms of root-mean-square error were ∼1.31 ∘C and 87 cm. Freezing (FDD) and thawing (TDD) degree days were key factors for MAGT inside and outside the permafrost domain with average effect sizes of 6.7 and 13.6 ∘C, respectively. Soil properties had marginal effects on MAGT (effect size =0.4–0.7 ∘C). For ALT, rainfall (effect size =181 cm) and solar radiation (161 cm) were most influential. Analysis of variable importance further underlined the dominance of climate for MAGT and highlighted the role of solar radiation for ALT. Most response shapes for MAGT ≤0 ∘C and ALT were non-linear and indicated thresholds for covariation. Most importantly, permafrost temperatures had a more complex relationship with air temperatures than non-frozen ground. Moreover, the observed warming effect of rainfall on MAGT≤0∘C reverted after reaching an optimum at ∼250 mm, and that of snowfall started to level off at ∼300–400 mm. It is suggested that the factors of large global variation (i.e. climate) suppressed the effects of local-scale factors (i.e. soil properties and vegetation) owing to the extensive study area and limited representation of soil organic matter. Our new insights into the factors affecting the ground thermal regime at a 1 km scale should improve future hemispheric-scale studies.
Price Determinants of Performance-Tested Bulls over Time

Abstract We estimate the values of bull phenotypic traits, performance measurements, and expected progeny differences (EPDs) over time using bull sale data from an auction in Tennessee from 2006 to 2016. Moreover, we determine how a state partial-cost reimbursement program for bulls with certain EPDs affects bull sale price. Purebred seed stock producers in this region should focus on selling large, fast-growing, mature bulls that produce lighter calves for reduced calving stress. The state cost-share payment did not significantly increase bull prices in most years, meaning this payment was retained by cow-calf producers in most years.
CDK5/NFAT5-Regulated Transporters Involved in Osmoregulation in Fejervarya cancrivora

Simple Summary Amphibians mostly live in freshwater. However, crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora) can adapt to high saline environments, while the osmoregulatory mechanism was not fully clear. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), activating the nuclear factor of the activated T cells-5 (NFAT5) pathway, plays an important role in protecting cells from hypertonicity. We investigated the role of CDK5/NFAT5 in crab-eating frogs’ adaptation to saline environments. As a result, we found that the expression of CDK5/NFAT5 and its downregulated genes were higher in crab-eating frogs, which subsequently regulated ion transport to mediate osmotic pressure. The results indicate that CDK5/NFAT5-regulated transporters are involved in osmoregulation in frogs. Abstract Crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora) can live in brackish water with a salinity of up to 18‰, although most amphibians are not able to tolerate such high saline environments. To investigate its potential osmoregulation, we conducted experiments in F. cancrivora and F. multistriata. The results showed that F. cancrivora made use of ions (such as Na+ and Cl−) to increase intracellular concentrations via the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) enzyme. The mRNA expression of aldose reductase (AR) was significantly higher in F. cancrivora (p < 0.05), indicating that more organic osmolytes were produced and transported to maintain cellular homeosis. The mRNA expressions of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP3 in kidney were significantly higher in F. cancrivora, while AQP expression in skin was higher in F. multistriata (p < 0.05). The mRNA level in activating the transcription of the nuclear factor of activated T cells-5 (NFAT5) which is one of the target genes of regulating the cellular response to hypertonicity, was higher in F. cancrivora. The protein expression of CDK5, the upstream protein of the NFAT5 pathway, was 2 times higher in F. cancrivora. Therefore, we can conclude that CDK5/NFAT5-regulated transporters might be involved in osmoregulation in F. cancrivora.
Effect of Different Nitrogen Rates on Growth , Yield and Quality of Maize

A field trial was conducted to determine the effect of different Nitrogen rates on yield and quality of maize at Agronomy Research Farm (ARF), The University of Agriculture PeshawarPakistan during summer 2016. Four nitrogen treatments (70, 130, 160 and 180 kg ha-1) and a control one were studied in this trial. Maximum Growth and yield traits and quality such as plant height (210.23cm), stem diameter (3.68cm), leaf area plant (210.5cm), chlorophyll content (39.78%), green fodder yield (44.89 ton ha), dry matter yield (9.1 ton ha), crude protein (10.75%), crude fiber (31.87%) and ash percentage (8.85%) were recorded. It was concluded that increasing nitrogen levels (130, 160, and 180 kg N ha) at optimum level can give a maximum growth and yield traits and quality of maize.
Assessment of bioaugmentation efficiency of Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus nudilans in bioremediation of crude oil spill soil 1

Assessment of bioaugmentation efficiency of two fungal species Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus nudilans species on crude oil spill site (surface and underground soil) in Qio Tai, Ogoni land was evaluated. Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus nudilans were used to augment the indigenous microorganisms present in the soil to speed up the degradation rate for a period of 28days at weekly interval (1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). The indigenous fungi isolates from the soil were identified to be of the following genera, Penicillium sp. , Aspergillus sp. , Histoplasma sp. , Cladosporium sp. , Mucor sp. and Alternaria sp. while the hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria were also identify to be Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella. During the bioremediation process, it was observed that the augmenting organisms used were able to degrade the petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil. The initial Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) of the un-augmented crude oil spill soil samples used as control (day 1) were: polluted surface soil (142422.14mg/kg), polluted underground soil (74779.29mg/kg); while on the day 28, the residual value were as follows: polluted soil with Penicillium chrysogenum (79279.28mg/kg) < polluted surface soil with Aspergillus nudilans (79422.14mg/kg) < surface soil control (92279.28mg/kg), polluted underground soil were as follows: polluted surface soil with Aspergillus nudilans (44636.43mg/kg) < polluted soil with Penicillium chrysogenum (47636.42mg/kg) < underground soil control (53993.59mg/kg). The percentage bioremediation rates of the fungal species for surface soil were as follows: polluted surface soil with Penicillium chrysogenum (36%) > polluted surface soil with Aspergillus nudilans (35%) > and control polluted surface soil (29%); while underground soil: polluted underground soil with Aspergillus nudilans (38%) > polluted underground soil with Penicillium chrysogenum (35%) > control polluted underground soil (27%). Comparatively, Penicillium chrysogenum (36%) express higher bioremediation potential than Aspergillus nudilans (35%) in the crude oil polluted surface soil while in the underground soil; Aspergillus nidulans (38%) had higher bioremediation potential than Penicillium chrysogenum (35%). This type of bioremediation shows that biologically cultured organisms aid the degradation of soil polluted with hydrocarbon and this method could be adopted for the remediation of a crude oil spill site. Summarily, bioremediation with the use of fungal isolate can effectively remove the petroleum hydrocarbons and shorten the remediation period, with the use of Penicillium chrysogenum for surface soil crude oil spill clean-up and Aspergillus nidulans for crude oil polluted underground soil bioremediation process.
Relationship between Psychological Factors and Investment Decision Making: The Mediating Role of Risk Perception

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of various psychological factors which affect investment decision of Pakistani investors. A study model has been developed to describe the impact of risk propensity, asymmetric information, and problem framing on investor’s behavior while making decisions through mediating role of risk perception. It also determines how much weight is attached to each independent variable by the investors when they make their decisions. The data for this study has been collected through an adapted questionnaire to determine the relationships between our variables. Structural Equation Modeling has been employed to determine the relationships among the variables. The findings and overall discussion concludes that the investor’s behavior depends on how the available information is being presented to them and how much they are prone to taking risk while making decisions; thus playing a significant role in determining the investment style of an investor.
Study on Cyber Attack Damage Assessment Framework

Cyberspace has expanded as a result of the rapid spread of the Internet. This expansion has led to a change from conventional warfare to a form that includes cyber warfare. Cyber warfare, which occurs in cyberspace, consists of numerous cyberattacks using the vulnerabilities of cyber assets. Cyberattacks have increased with increases in the number of assets connected to the network and the information held by these assets; information can control the outcome of a war. Therefore, it is very important to assess the damage from cyberattacks between physical operations because such cyberattacks may be directly linked to the failure of an operation. This paper presents a cyber damage assessment framework for assessing the damage from cyberattacks between physical operations.
A FRAMEWORK FOR CONDUCTING INNOVATIVE RESEARCH

According to Act of the Republic of Indonesian government No. 20/2003 on National Education System, Indonesian government supports educational development based on regional potencies. It is supported by the Regulation of the minister of Education and Culture No. 81A/2013, that local wisdom should be integrated into learning at any subjects. Purworejo is a region in Central Java that has special local wisdoms that are potentially integrated into chemistry learning with scientific approach of learning. This research measured the difference of students’ achievement at SMAN 1 Purworejo between students who learnt chemistry by applying local wisdom-based scientific approach and that without applying local wisdom, in which students’ prior knowledge was controlled statistically. Two groups of students were chosen as the treatment class applying local wisdom-based scientific approach, and a control class as comparison. The treatment included experiment, presentation, article writing, traditional organization on chemistry learning. After the treatment, students’ achievements of both classes were measured by pencil-paper test and compared by controlling their prior knowledge. Data were analyzed using the univariate analysis of variance of SPSS from which Chemistry achievements of students at the treatment class were significant difference from that at the control class when their prior knowledge were controlled (Sig.p < 0.000). This research concluded that chemistry achievement of students who learnt by use of local wisdom -based scientific approach was different significantly from that without integration of local wisdom when their prior knowledge was controlled statistically.
Mean Field Analysis of Neural Networks: A Law of Large Numbers

Machine learning, and in particular neural network models, have revolutionized fields such as image, text, and speech recognition. Today, many important real-world applications in these areas are driven by neural networks. There are also growing applications in engineering, robotics, medicine, and finance. Despite their immense success in practice, there is limited mathematical understanding of neural networks. This paper illustrates how neural networks can be studied via stochastic analysis, and develops approaches for addressing some of the technical challenges which arise. We analyze one-layer neural networks in the asymptotic regime of simultaneously (A) large network sizes and (B) large numbers of stochastic gradient descent training iterations. We rigorously prove that the empirical distribution of the neural network parameters converges to the solution of a nonlinear partial differential equation. This result can be considered a law of large numbers for neural networks. In addition, a consequence of our analysis is that the trained parameters of the neural network asymptotically become independent, a property which is commonly called "propagation of chaos".
TERTIARY POLYMER FLOODING IN EXTRA-HEAVY OIL : AN INVESTIGATION USING 1 D AND 2 D EXPERIMENTS , CORE SCALE SIMULATION AND PORE-SCALE NETWORK MODELS

The injection of water and/or polymer in extra-heavy oil reservoirs is currently gaining great attention in both the academic and industrial worlds. Water and enhanced water injection schemes represent an interesting alternative in all those cases where thermal methods are either impractical or uneconomic; furthermore several laboratory investigations have already shown that such recovery protocols can provide much higher than expected oil recoveries. On the other hand, because such mechanisms are still poorly understood in virtue of the high fluid complexity, the non Newtonian flow behaviour and the characteristically unstable displacements, it is clear that process optimisation for possible field application remains problematic. Ideally, a combination of efforts would need to be put in place which considers the ensemble of 2-phase flow experiments, simulation at both pore and core scales and rheological measurements. In this work we present such effort: both 2D (30cmx30cm slab) and 1D (30cm long core) experiments of tertiary polymer injection in extra heavy oil (7000cp at 23°C) were carried out on Bentheimer sandstone to quantify the underlying flow mechanisms, the oil recoveries and evaluate the impact of unstable flow on model geometry. Water (enhanced water) saturation maps were accurately measured by means of X-ray scans enabling the visualisation of flow instability development (viscous fingering) with high resolution. High microscopic recovery to secondary waterflooding (up to 30% after 5 PV injected) was achieved in line with previous published investigations; most importantly a rather impressive further gain after polymer flooding (reaching final recoveries of more than 60%) was obtained. In parallel, both bulk and in-situ rheological measurements were performed at different polymer concentrations and flow rates and a precise rheological model for simulation was constructed and entered in a conventional reservoir simulator. Generic simulations were able to match the regional crossflow observed in 2D experiments. A simulation exercise, conducted with the aid of pore scale modelling (PSM) technology to help gathering two-phase flow data, proved very educational in that it allowed transferring results from one rock geometry to other rock structures.
Asset pricing models with measurement error problems: A new framework with Compact Genetic Algorithms

We implement a new framework to mitigate the errors-in-variables (EIV) problem in the estimation of asset pricing models. Considering an international data of portfolio stock returns from 1990 to 2021 widely used in empirical studies, we highlight the importance of the estimation method in time-series regressions. We compare the traditional Ordinary-Least Squares (OLS) method to an alternative estimator based on a Compact Genetic Algorithm (CGA) in the case of the CAPM, three-, and five-factor models. Based on intercepts α, betas βM , adjusted R2, and the Gibbons, Ross and Shanken (1989) test, we find that the CGA-based method outperforms overall the OLS for the three asset pricing models. In particular, we obtain less statistically significant intercepts, smoother R2 across different portfolios and lower GRS test statistics. Specifically, in line with Roll’s critique (1977) on the unobservability of the market portfolio, we reduce the attenuation bias in market risk premium estimates. Moreover, our results are robust to alternative methods such as Instrumental Variables estimated with Generalized-Method of Moments (GMM). Our findings have several empirical and managerial implications related to the estimation of asset pricing models as well as their interpretation as a popular tool in terms of corporate financial decision-making.
Light-field-driven electronics electronics in the mid-infrared regime: Schottky rectification

The speed of an active electronic semiconductor device is limited by RC timescale, i.e., the time required for its charging and discharging. To circumvent this ubiquitous limitation of conventional electronics, we investigate diodes under intense mid-infrared light-field pulses. We choose epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide as a metal/semiconductor pair, acting as an ultrarobust and almost-transparent Schottky diode. The usually dominant forward direction is suppressed, but a characteristic signal occurs in reverse bias. For its theoretical description, we consider tunneling through the light-field–modulated Schottky barrier, complemented by a dynamical accumulation correction. On the basis only of the DC parametrization of the diode, the model provides a consistent and accurate description of the experimentally observed infrared phenomena. This allows the conclusion that cycle-by-cycle dynamics determines rectification. As the chosen materials have proven capabilities for transistors, circuits, and even a full logic, we see a way to establish light-field-driven electronics with rapidly increasing functionality.
Erratum: The intrinsic shape of galaxies in SDSS/Galaxy Zoo

By modelling the axis ratio distribution of SDSS DR8 galaxies we find the intrinsic 3D shapes of spirals and ellipticals. We use morphological information from the Galaxy Zoo project and assume a non-parametric distribution intrinsic of shapes, while taking into account dust extinction. We measure the dust extinction of the full sample of spiral galaxies and find a smaller value than previous estimations, with an edge-on extinction of $E_0 = 0.284^{+0.015}_{-0.026}$ in the SDSS r band. We also find that the distribution of minor to major axis ratio has a mean value of $ 0.267 \pm 0.009 $, slightly larger than previous estimates mainly due to the lower extinction used; the same affects the circularity of galactic discs, which are found to be less round in shape than in previous studies, with a mean ellipticity of $0.215 \pm 0.013$. For elliptical galaxies, we find that the minor to major axis ratio, with a mean value of $0.584 \pm 0.006$, is larger than previous estimations due to the removal of spiral interlopers present in samples with morphological information from photometric profiles. These interlopers are removed when selecting ellipticals using Galaxy Zoo data. We find that the intrinsic shapes of galaxies and their dust extinction vary with absolute magnitude, colour and physical size. We find that bright elliptical galaxies are more spherical than faint ones, a trend that is also present with galaxy size, and that there is no dependence of elliptical galaxy shape with colour. For spiral galaxies we find that the reddest ones have higher dust extinction as expected, due to the fact that this reddening is mainly due to dust. We also find that the thickness of discs increases with luminosity and size, and that brighter, smaller and redder galaxies have less round discs.
Has network meta‐analysis resolved the controversies related to bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery?

There are discrepancies in the guidelines on preparation for colorectal surgery. While intravenous antibiotics (IV) are usually administered, the use of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) and/or oral antibiotics (OA) is controversial. A recent network meta‐analysis (NMA) demonstrated that the addition of OA reduced incisional surgical site infections (iSSIs) by more than 50%. We aimed to perform a NMA including only the highest quality randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in order to determine the ranking of different treatment strategies and assess these RCTs for methodological problems that may affect the conclusions of the NMAs.