Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical evolution in the early phases of massive star formation. I

Understanding the chemical evolution of young (high-mass) star-forming regions is a central topic in star formation research. Chemistry is employed as a unique tool 1) to investigate the underlying physical processes and 2) to characterize the evolution of the chemical composition. With these aims in mind, we observed a sample of 59 high-mass star-forming regions at different evolutionary stages varying from the early starless phase of infrared dark clouds to high-mass protostellar objects to hot molecular cores and, finally, ultra-compact Hii regions at 1 mm and 3 mm with the IRAM 30 m telescope. We determined their large-scale chemical abundances and found that the chemical composition evolves along with the evolutionary stages. On average, the molecular abundances increase with time. We modeled the chemical evolution, using a 1D physical model where density and temperature vary from stage to stage coupled with an advanced gas-grain chemical model and derived the best-fit χ 2 values of all relevant parameters. A satisfying overall agreement between observed and modeled column densities for most of the molecules was obtained. With the bestfit model we also derived a chemical age for each stage, which gives the timescales for the transformation between two consecutive stages. The best-fit chemical ages are ∼10 000 years for the IRDC stage, ∼60 000 years for the HMPO stage, ∼40 000 years for the HMC stage, and ∼10 000 years for the UCHii stage. Thus, the total chemical timescale for the entire evolutionary sequence of the high-mass star formation process is on the order of 10 5 years, which is consistent with theoretical estimates. Furthermore, based on the approach of a multiple-line survey of unresolved data, we were able to constrain an intuitive and reasonable physical and chemical model. The results of this study can be used as chemical templates for the different evolutionary stages in high-mass star formation.
FDIAs on Hybrid Trading Transactive Energy Markets: Attacks, Impacts, and Prevention

Transactive Energy Market (TEM) operates a day-ahead market for efficient energy management and determines the energy prices in advance for the future period. This predetermined rate is used during real-time energy trading. Hence, it is crucial to provide the correct energy forecast to estimate fair energy prices for all users. However, this market poses a potential opportunity for attackers to manipulate energy prices through False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs). Moreover, sharing energy forecasts with market operators (MO) or participants violates users’ privacy. To address these issues, this paper first presents two FDIAs to a day-ahead TEM and then numerically evaluates their effects. Then, we design a novel framework to address the trade-off between sharing forecasts and user privacy. We show how users can share the energy forecast with MO and other participants securely while preserving privacy using the developed framework. Finally, we show how our proposed framework detects malicious activities of users (e.g., deviation of actual energy supply/demand from forecast beyond a threshold) and prevent FDIAs effectively.
The Effects of Ensembling on Long-Tailed Data

Deep ensembles are a popular approach to improve accuracy and calibration over single model performance [1], either by averaging logits [2–4], or probabilities [1, 5, 6] of multiple models. Recent theoretical work has shown that logit and probability ensembles have different effects on the model bias and variance [7, 8], but to our knowledge these benefits have not yet been used to inform how to create ensembles. In this work, we show that for balanced datasets, there is no significant difference between logit and probability ensembles in terms of accuracy and ranked calibration. In contrast, we show that in long-tailed datasets, there are gains from logit ensembling when combined with imbalance bias reduction losses. In turn, our results show that we can have consistent performance improvements using loss-aware ensembles when dealing with long-tail data.
Using a Model of CSF Dynamics Prediction of the Jugular Venous Waveform

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We have previously reported a model of cerebral hydrodynamics in the form of an equivalent electrical circuit. The aim of this work was to demonstrate that the model could predict venous flow patterns seen in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), straight sinus (STS), and jugular vein (JV) in normal volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electrical equivalence model of CSF and cerebral blood flow was fitted to measured arterial and CSF data from 16 healthy volunteers. Predictions of the venous outflow waveform derived from the model were compared with measured venous flows in the SSS, STS, and JV. RESULTS: The model accurately predicted the measured jugular waveform. The measured waveforms from SSS and STS showed a less pronounced and delayed systolic peak compared with the predicted outflow. The fitted bulk model parameters provided relative values that correspond approximately to the impedance of arterial capillaries (1.0), cerebral aqueduct ( (cid:1) 0), venous capillaries ( (cid:1) 0), and arteries (0.01) and for the elastic capacitance of the ventricles (4.11), capillaries ( (cid:1) 0), and veins (271). The elastic capacitance of the major cerebral arteries was large and could not be accurately determined. CONCLUSIONS: We have confirmed the ability of the model to predict the venous waveforms in healthy persons. The absence of any statistically significant component of the venous waveform not described by the model implies that measurements of venous flow could be used to constrain further the model-fitting process.
Block Trades, Market Reaction and Monitoring Role: Evidence from India

We investigate the role of diverse class of blockholders in family firms by examining market reaction (3-day CAR) to increase in block purchases. We classify firms based on whether family has ownership (promoter holds greater than 20% equity), operational (family is CEO or MD), and/or strategic control (family is chairperson on board). We classify blockholders based on their role to impact primary or secondary agency cost in these firm: insiders, pressure-resistant and pressure-sensitive. We find that abnormal returns for increase in pressure-resistant and insider purchases is positive and significant (5.2% and 4.6% respectively) compared to pressure-sensitive blocks (-1.2%), suggesting governance benefits. Increase in pressure-resistant and insider purchases do not appear significant when family has complete control. Pressure-resistant net purchases has positive wealth effect only when family has operational control (outsider is the chairperson). Insider net-purchases has positive impact only when the family has ownership, but neither operational or strategic control. Moreover, the role of insider is attenuated when the family has strategic control. These results bring to focus that increase in block purchases by insiders has more positive effect on professionally managed firms, and pressure resistant on family managed firms. The former suggests alignment effect while latter reflects reduction in entrenchment effect. We also find that 2010 regulatory amendment regarding minimum public shareholding has positive impact on block purchases.
Public Debt Sustainability Measures and Its Growth Implications for the Nigerian Economy

This study utilises the linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models to investigate the impact of public debt sustainability measures and its growth implications for the Nigerian economy from 1981 and 2021. The results suggest that public debt-to-oil revenue ratio (PDOR) has a significantly negative effect on economic growth both in the long-and short-run. It also shows that public debt-to-non-oil revenue ratio has an asymmetric effect in the short-run and a positive relationship on economic growth in the long-run. The study concludes that economic growth needs to be enhanced through improved government non-oil revenue. Therefore, to bolster economic growth, the Nigerian government needs to improve revenue generation through non-oil industry by encouraging private investments and widening the tax net.
Power Transition Theory and Interstate Conflicts in the Chunqiu Era: An International Relations Perspective on Hegemony

This research examines the Chunqiu Era, also known as the Spring and Autumn Period, which occurred in ancient China from 770 to 476 BCE. The objective is to analyse this historical period within the framework of contemporary international relations (IR) theory. The primary objective of this research is two-fold: firstly, to examine the application of International Relations (IR) theories, specifically Power Transition Theory and Hegemonic Dynamics, within the context of ancient history; and secondly, to promote an interdisciplinary methodology that integrates archaeological, geographical, and philosophical perspectives in the analysis of this particular time period. The present study utilises an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating historical analysis, archaeological evidence, geographical data, and philosophical perspectives. This study examines the historical records and archaeological discoveries of the Chunqiu Era, employing Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to analyse various geographical aspects. Through the analysis of concurrent occurrences in adjacent civilizations and the integration of perspectives from other academic fields, this study aims to develop a holistic comprehension of the international relations during the Chunqiu Era. The study reveals the continuing significance of modern International Relations theories when applied to the Chunqiu Era, exposing recurring patterns of power shifts, challenges to hegemony, and diplomatic strategies. This statement underscores the significance of taking into account cultural, geographical, and temporal intricacies while modifying international relations theories to suit ancient circumstances. Furthermore, the research highlights the importance of incorporating multidisciplinary and cross-cultural studies to enhance the understanding of historical events. The research findings have far-reaching ramifications for both the academic community and society as a whole. This highlights the versatility of IR theories in accommodating various historical contexts, hence promoting their wider utilisation. Interdisciplinary techniques can offer valuable contributions to future research endeavours by augmenting historical study and fostering a deeper comprehension of interconnection. The present study contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the field of ancient Chinese history and underscores the need of incorporating multiple cultural viewpoints in the pursuit of historical research.
The Role of Trust to Manager in The Effect of Leadership Behavior on Employee Performance

: The study aims to investigate the role of trust in the manager in the effect of leadership behavior on employee performance. In this direction, a literature review has been made for studies on this subject. A sample of 252 people was selected through appropriate sampling. Collected data were analyzed using SmartPLS 3.2. 9. Leadership behavior is very effective on the performance of employees and trust in the manager. In addition, trust in the manager affects the performance of the employees. Trust to manager, on the other hand, has a mediating role in the relationship between leadership behavior and employee performance.
Ore-Forming Geologic Settings and ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar Laser Probe Dating of Fluid Inclusions in Quartzs from Haigou Gold Deposit,Yanbian City,Northeastern China

There are diverse metallogenic ages of Haigou gold deposit, a large low-sulfide quartz vein type gold deposit, which restrict studying on genesis and ore prospecting of it. With 40Ar/39Ar laser probe dating of fluid inclusions in quartzs, the authors present an isochron 40Ar/39Ar age (170±20) Ma (MSWD=0.31)and an inverse one (172±16) Ma (MSWD=0.35) of fluid inclusions in quartzS formed in major metallogenetic stage, and 40Ar/36Ar ratios are 298±4 and 299 ± 4 respectively. Eliminating some data with high superfluous Ar and those close to atmosphere, the authors get an isochron age (170±38) Ma (40Ar/36Ar Int.=299±10) and an inverse one (165±52) Ma (40Ar/36Ar Int.=303±23), respectively.It’s clear that Haigou deposit formed in Late Early Jurassic, combing with published isotopic geochronologies. Gold mineralization is closely related to subduction of the Kula plate under the ancient Asian plate in Mesozoic, particularly to the intensive convergence between the eastern North China plate and the eastern margin of the Xing’an-Mongolian orogenic belt, and to lithosphere thickening and thinning induced by this convergence.
Determinants of post-harvest losses among Nsukka-yellow pepper farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria

Post-harvest loss posed a challenge for Nigeria's agricultural sector. Post-harvest losses in the production of Nsukka-yellow pepper may result from inadequate handling, poor harvesting methods, pests, and microbial infestation, among other things. As a result, the study determined the post-harvest losses among Nsukka-yellow pepper farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample eighty (80) yellow pepper producers from five (5) communities in Nsukka Local Government Area. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. In addition, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and OLS multiple regression. The OLS multiple regression was used to determine the factors affecting yellow pepper post-harvest loss which was measured by farmers' profitability. The results show that most of the farmers were female, with a mean age of 48 years, and an average of 8 years farming experience. It is significant to highlight that the majority of farmers had no access to credit. The findings also indicated that farmers' profitability was positively influenced by marital status, education, and household size. Furthermore, Nsukka-yellow pepper farmers had post-harvest problems due to insufficient funds, poor storage facilities, and high cost of labour. Hence, Nsukka-yellow pepper farmers are encouraged to access credit facilities in order to increase their capacity to purchase adequate production and harvesting inputs such as storage facilities and similar equipment and technology.
Evaluating Corporate Governance Risk: A Fuzzy logic approach

Assessment of the corporate governance risk of firms is made based on a subjective evaluation of the important attributes that characterize the monitoring mechanisms. The evaluation process relies on the rule of thumb, is inherently characterized by vagueness and imprecision and, is often expressed in terms of the linguistic constructs for the governance variables. This paper explores the possibility of applying fuzzy logic theory for handling vagueness and imprecision that characterize the decision making process. To prevent the exponential growth of rules with a large set of input attributes, hierarchical fuzzy logic framework is developed to carry out the required analysis for arriving at the governance rating of the firms.
Section switching stock market price effect in the Indian capital market and the policy implications thereof

This paper reports new findings on an important area of research on the effect of market organization on shareholders’ wealth. Stock exchanges in developed countries are licensed to organize auction trades as competing markets. The examples are those of the New York Stock Exchange for large and liquid firms and the AMEX for the smaller firms. Securities markets in developing countries are organised as sections within a stock exchange. For instance, the Bombay Stock Exchange has different “liquidity” classes of firms (A; B1; B2; C) in the same exchange. The research and policy questions as to whether the market participants value or do not value the different classes have yet been answered. This paper provides estimates of the share price reactions to the up-switching and down-switching of scrips from one section to another. This study reveals that there is evidence of the market participants depreciating the share values of firms that are switched down to a lower section. When firms are up-switched, there is some weak evidence that the share prices appreciate, however, there is especially strong evidence of improved liquidity for low-liquid firms. However, there is a substantial post-announcement drift in both cases, which would have us believe that there is a lack of semi-strong form efficiency in this market place. On liquidity, there is substantial change in the liquidity following the switches. Overall, the results indicate that the market organization does affect the valuation process and that liquidity improvement to exchange-disclosures of switches is significant.
AI-Based Assessment of Power System Resilience under Climate Change-Induced Extreme Weather Events

– Power system resilience analysis methods aim to assess the ability of a power system to withstand and recover from high-impact, low-probability events, such as natural disasters. These methods often entail performing AC Optimal Power Flows (OPF) using nonlinear optimization algorithms for numerous sequential Monte Carlo (MC) iterations, which require high computational resources. This may restrict the number of feasible simulations, with the risk of reducing the reliability on the analysis outcomes and limiting the scope of the resilience assessment. This paper introduces the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance the computational performance of power system resilience analysis. The paper proposes to use artificial neural networks (ANN) as a surrogate model to approximate the OPF solution for different scenarios and contingencies. The case study demonstrates that ANN provide an interesting solution, reducing the computational burden to a fraction of a classical OPF approaches, while keeping remarkable accuracy in the estimation of resiliency KPIs, such as energy not served (ENS) and survivability. A case study of resiliency analysis with ANN application is presented. The analysis is conducted with reXplan, a novel tool for climate power system resilience analysis, and an ANN built on Pytorch framework. SimBench, an open dataset for network analysis, provides the grid data, generation, and demand profiles. A comparison of the KPIs calculated with ANN and simulated results with OPF is provided, showing the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
URBANIZATION AND ITS EFFECT ON JORDANIAN CITIES: A Case Study of Irbid, Jordan

Cities are the product of the urbanization process, and urbanization is the social process that leads to the creation of cities. Thus, the relationship between cities and urbanization is a cause-and-effect relationship. The present study aimed to analyse the nature and characteristics of urbanization by providing useful insights into the social effects of increased size, density, and social heterogeneity of population on urban life. This was done through analysis of the Louis Wirth’s theory of urbanism and applying it to the cities of the societies of developing countries, such as the city of Irbid in Jordan. To address the specific research aim, the author used the descriptive quantitative approach. The study was conducted using 383 households within the seven areas of the city of Irbid as the study population. The study outcomes indicated that the urbanization process in the city of Irbid had an impact on the indicators related to size, density, and population heterogeneity.
International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding

The industrial revolution 4.0 challenges educational progress in a better direction, so managers must be able to prepare and produce graduates who are mentally ready to prepare knowledge and character-based jobs. The writing of this article aims to strengthen character education which is important to be carried out in anticipation of the negative impact of the industrial revolution 4.0. Namely by integrating character education through historical education. This research uses the library research method. This method is a method that elaborates on various kinds of literature in the form of books, journals, or literature that is relevant to the theme of writing. The important stages of the library method are, choosing a research theme/topic, seeking information, setting a research focus, collecting sources, making reports, processing research notes, making research notes, and reading data sources. The result of this research is that strengthening character education through historical education during the industrial revolution 4.0 is important to do. Things that can be done in shaping these characters are through local history-based history learning and using media that developed in the 4.0 revolution, such as comics and the storyboardthat.com application that uses the internet network. Through history education, students can understand all kinds of national problems with historical messages, so that students have the ability to think critically, creatively, wisely, empathically, independently, with a national spirit and with dignity.
ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM IN AWARENESS OF FOETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME AMONG HEALTH PRACTITIONERS IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a medical defect or condition which affects children as a result of excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. Studies have shown that one of the problems concerning treatment for foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a lack of awareness of the implications of related risk behaviours. The present study therefore investigated the extent to which health practitioners are aware of the prevalence of FAS in Nigeria and the psychological factors involved therein. The study was conducted among health practitioners in two towns in South-Western Nigeria using a cross-sectional field survey. Two hundred and forty-three participants were drawn from four health institutions in Lagos and Ibadan. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis, multiple regression, t-test for independent samples and chi-square test of differences. Results show that professionalism influenced participants’ awareness of foetal alcohol syndrome, with such awareness tilting more towards theoretical than experiential knowledge [F(1,242) = 10.95, p<. 01]. Professional status and years of experience had no influence on FAS awareness, probably because much of the awareness reported was not on-the-job awareness but awareness that is related more to professionalism. It