Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilizing the Social Constructivist Approach via Online Learning Environments to Enhance English Majors' Critical Writing Skills

The current study aimed at investigating the impact of the social constructivist approach (SCA) via online learning environments on EFL students' critical writing skills. Sixty-four English major senior students were randomly chosen and assigned to an experimental group (n=32) and a control one (n=32). A prepost critical writing test to assess students' level before and after the treatment, and semi-structured interviews to gather qualitative data were used as the study instruments. Findings indicated that using the SCA via online learning environments had a significant impact on the students' critical writing skills. Hence, curriculum designers and EFL instructors need to utilize the different features of the SCA, as well as incorporate various online learning tools, in order to enhance students' critical writing skills.
LES Simulation of Forced High-Speed Jet

A Mach 0.9 axisymmetric jet is calculated by large-eddy simulation (LES) to investigate the effects of localized arc filament plasma actuators (LAFPAs), which show control authority in flow control. The LAFPA is modeled as a heat flux band on nozzle wall. The heat flux for each band (actuator) is calculated based on the experimental data. The LES results show that the heat flux band actuators well represent LAFPAs in the literature. The forced jet is simulated at three forcing azimuthal modes (mF) of 0, 1, and ±1 and at forcing Strouhal number of 0.22 or 0.26, near the jet column instability Strouhal number, which is optimal forcing Strouhal number for enhanced mixing, as generally agreed. The effects of forcing azimuthal modes are very similar to those found in experimental results available in the literature. The LES results show the three-dimensional nature of generated large, coherent structures. For mF = 0 and 1, the generated structures are vortex rings and helixes, respectively, as can be expected from twodimensional PIV results. However, the generated structure at mF = ±1 is three-dimensional, while it was expected to be quasi-two-dimensional based on 2D-PIV results. Three-dimensional aspect of the generated coherent structures shows more clearly the role of the structures in jet development especially for mF = ±1, which shows best jet spreading.
Modeling anomalous cosmic ray oxygen gradients over successive solar cycles

[1] Cosmic ray drift directions depend both on the charge of the particle population under consideration, as well as the heliospheric magnetic field polarity which oscillates within a ∼22 year cycle. The differences in the cosmic ray drift patterns between successive solar cycles manifest themselves in the sign of the latitudinal cosmic ray gradient. For positively charged particles, a positive latitudinal gradient is expected in the qA > 0 polarity cycle, while a negative value is expected in the qA 0 cycle, the model predicts a positive latitudinal gradient but for the qA < 0 cycle a latitudinal gradient that is smaller and that can be either positive or negative. It is concluded that drifts and poleward diffusion set up competing latitudinal gradients in the qA < 0 cycle, with the resulting sign of the gradient determined by the most effective of the two processes.
Quantification of 363 Pesticides in Leafy Vegetables (Dill, Rocket and Parsley) in the Turkey Market by Using QuEChERS with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS

Contamination of agricultural products with pesticide residues is a growing concern due to their adverse health effects and increasing worldwide usage of pesticides. In 2021 a total of 200 samples of green leafy vegetables, including 80 dill, 80 rocket and 40 parsley, purchased from greengrocer shops, markets and bazaars in Corum Province, Turkey, were monitored for pesticide residues. In green leafy vegetables, 363 pesticides were analyzed using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for 311 residues and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for 52 residues. The method was in-house validated at two fortification levels, and satisfactory recoveries and precisions were achieved for all residues. No quantifiable residues were found in 35% of the samples, whereas 43 residues belonging to 24 different chemical classes were detected in 130 green leafy vegetables. Among the green leafy vegetables, the highest occurrence frequency was recorded in the rocket, followed by dill and parsley. In 46% of the green leafy vegetables, the residue levels exceeded European Union Maximum Residue Levels (EU MRLs). The most frequently detected pesticides were pendimethalin (22.5%), diuron (38.7%) and pymetrozine (52.5%) in dill, rocket and parsley, respectively.
A gradient flow approach to the robust pole-placement problem

This paper provides a computational procedure for a type of robust pole-placement problem. By exploiting the differentiability nature of the objective function based on the Frobenius norm condition number, the minimization problem is formulated in terms of a gradient flow to which standard ODE numerical routines can be applied. It is shown that a minimum point exists for the objective function. The algorithm is efficient and faces no singularity problem with the resulting eigenvector matrix. A numerical example is used to illustrate the technique and comparison with other methods is made.
Injection power and wavelength dependence of an external‐seeded gain‐switched Fabry–Perot laser

We experimentally investigate a gain‐switched Fabry–Perot semiconductor laser externally injection seeded with a narrow linewidth continuous wave laser. We determine the dependence of pulse width, side‐mode suppression ratio, and timing jitter on seeding power and seeding wavelength. As external seeding power is increased up to a certain value, we observe negligible change in pulse width, a linear increase in side‐mode suppression ratio, and a linear decrease in timing jitter. Exceeding a certain value leads to substantial pulse broadening. By tuning the seeding wavelength across a chirped mode of the laser, we observe the lowest timing jitter and the largest side‐mode suppression when the seed wavelength is aligned with the center of the chirped spectrum of a desired mode.
The model theory of the field of reals with a subgroup of the unit circle

We describe definable sets in the field of reals augmented by a predicate for a finite rank multiplicative group Γ of complex numbers contained in the unit circle 𝕊. This structure interprets the quotient‐space 𝕊/Γ which, for Γ infinite cyclic, is related to the quantum torus. Every definable set is proved to be a Boolean combination of existentially definable sets. We give a complete set of axioms for the theory of such a structure.
On a class of globally stable neural circuits

The authors show that diagonal stability of the interconnection matrix leads to a simple proof of the existence, uniqueness, and global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium of a Hopfield-Tank neural circuit, without making some common restrictive assumptions used in earlier results. It is also shown that the same condition guarantees structural stability, which ensures the desirable property of persistence of global asymptotic stability under general C/sup 1/ perturbations. >
HIGHER-ORDER ACCURATE, POSITIVE SEMIDEFINITE ESTIMATION OF LARGE-SAMPLE COVARIANCE AND SPECTRAL DENSITY MATRICES

A new class of large-sample covariance and spectral density matrix estimators is proposed based on the notion of flat-top kernels. The new estimators are shown to be higher-order accurate when higher-order accuracy is possible. A discussion on kernel choice is presented as well as a supporting finite-sample simulation. The problem of spectral estimation under a potential lack of finite fourth moments is also addressed. The higher-order accuracy of flat-top kernel estimators typically comes at the sacrifice of the positive semidefinite property. Nevertheless, we show how a flat-top estimator can be modified to become positive semidefinite (even strictly positive definite) while maintaining its higher-order accuracy. In addition, an easy (and consistent) procedure for optimal bandwidth choice is given; this procedure estimates the optimal bandwidth associated with each individual element of the target matrix, automatically sensing (and adapting to) the underlying correlation structure.
The Detection of Clusters Using a Spatial Version of the Chi‐Square Goodness‐of‐Fit Statistic

A test statistic for the detection of spatial clusters is developed by generalizing the common chi-square goodness-of-fit test. The paper includes a discussion of the relationship between the statistic and other associated statistics, and provides an analysis of both its null distribution and power. The paper concludes with the development of a local version of the statistic and an application to leukemia clustering in central New York.
DISTRIBUTION OF SUPERNOVAE RELATIVE TO SPIRAL ARMS AND H II REGIONS

We have studied the association of supernovae in spiral galaxies with sites of recent star formation--spiral arms and H II regions. It is shown that supernovae (SNe) of Types Ia, Ib and II exhibit concentration to spiral arms and their distributions over the distance to the nearest spiral arm to not differ significantly. This result is confirmed by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test comparison with the distance distributions, expected if SNe are distributed randomly inside the model galaxy. SNe of Types Ib and II show a strong concentration towards H II regions, while distribution of SNe Ia can be explained by chance superposition. All studied distributions of SNe Ib and II show striking similarity, which suggests that their progenitors are massive stars with similar ages and initial masses. The association of SNe Ia with spiral arms suggests that their progenitors in spiral galaxies are likely to be intermediate mass stars.
Elastostatics and Kinetics of Anisotropic and Heterogeneous Shell-Type Structures

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A new look at the midlatitude–MJO teleconnection in the northern hemisphere winter

The midlatitude to Madden–Julian (MJO) teleconnection in the northern hemisphere wintertime was investigated using twenty years of outgoing long‐wave radiation and National Center for Atmospheric Research/National Centers for Environmental Prediction re‐analysis data. It is revealed through empirical orthogonal functions and regression analyses that the tropical upper‐level divergence (convergence) associated with enhanced (reduced) tropical convection has a subtropical counterpart of upper‐level convergence (divergence). As the convective region of MJO moves eastward from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, the divergent circulation connecting the Tropics and subtropics moves eastward. From an analysis of vertical motion diagnosed by the generalized omega equation, it was revealed that the position of the subtropical Rossby gyres of the MJO with respect to the Asian‐Pacific jet was the most important factor affecting the existence of the localized divergence (convergence) and associated lower‐level vertical motion in the subtropics. As the subtropical Rossby gyres pass by the longitudinal position of the Asian‐Pacific jet, vertical motion occurs to meet the balance required by quasi‐geostrophic theory. Since this anomalous vertical motion is large enough to cause convection at that region, the diabatic heating process reinforces the vertical motion. Furthermore, other dynamical processes neglected in quasi‐geostrophic theory are activated and contribute to the vertical motion balancing the diabatic heating. As a result of the vertical motion near the jet entrance region in the subtropics, the vorticity advection by vertical wind and the tilting of vorticity become important. Since these two terms are similar in shape and magnitude, they reinforce each other during the development phase of the midlatitude–MJO teleconnection. Combining these two terms, we define the baroclinic jet source (BJS). In order to evaluate the BJS as a source for the midlatitude–MJO teleconnection, a numerical experiment is carried out. The linear barotropic model is forced by only two terms, yet the model captured clearly the main feature of the midlatitude–MJO teleconnection. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Modeling of senescent cell dynamics predicts a late‐life decrease in cancer incidence

Current oncogenic theories state that tumors arise from cell lineages that sequentially accumulate (epi)mutations, progressively turning healthy cells into carcinogenic ones. While those models found some empirical support, they are little predictive of intraspecies age‐specific cancer incidence and of interspecies cancer prevalence. Notably, in humans and lab rodents, a deceleration (and sometimes decline) of cancer incidence rate has been found at old ages. Additionally, dominant theoretical models of oncogenesis predict that cancer risk should increase in large and/or long‐lived species, which is not supported by empirical data. Here, we explore the hypothesis that cellular senescence could explain those incongruent empirical patterns. More precisely, we hypothesize that there is a trade‐off between dying of cancer and of (other) ageing‐related causes. This trade‐off between organismal mortality components would be mediated, at the cellular scale, by the accumulation of senescent cells. In this framework, damaged cells can either undergo apoptosis or enter senescence. Apoptotic cells lead to compensatory proliferation, associated with an excess risk of cancer, whereas senescent cell accumulation leads to ageing‐related mortality. To test our framework, we build a deterministic model that first describes how cells get damaged, undergo apoptosis, or enter senescence. We then translate those cellular dynamics into a compound organismal survival metric also integrating life‐history traits. We address four different questions linked to our framework: can cellular senescence be adaptive, do the predictions of our model reflect epidemiological patterns observed among mammal species, what is the effect of species sizes on those answers, and what happens when senescent cells are removed? Importantly, we find that cellular senescence can optimize lifetime reproductive success. Moreover, we find that life‐history traits play an important role in shaping the cellular trade‐offs. Overall, we demonstrate that integrating cellular biology knowledge with eco‐evolutionary principles is crucial to solve parts of the cancer puzzle.
Modification of Iron-Rich Phase in Al-7Si-3Fe Alloy by Mechanical Vibration during Solidification

The plate-like iron-rich intermetallic phases in recycled aluminum alloys significantly deteriorate the mechanical properties. In this paper, the effects of mechanical vibration on the microstructure and properties of the Al-7Si-3Fe alloy were systematically investigated. Simultaneously, the modification mechanism of the iron-rich phase was also discussed. The results indicated that the mechanical vibration was effective in refining the α-Al phase and modifying the iron-rich phase during solidification. The forcing convection and a high heat transfer inside the melt to the mold interface caused by mechanical vibration inhibited the quasi-peritectic reaction: L + α-Al8Fe2Si → (Al) + β-Al5FeSi and eutectic reaction: L → (Al) + β-Al5FeSi + Si. Thus, the plate-like β-Al5FeSi phases in traditional gravity-casting were replaced by the polygonal bulk-like α-Al8Fe2Si. As a result, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation were increased to 220 MPa and 2.6%, respectively.
Associations of soil bacterial diversity and function with plant diversity in Carex tussock wetland

Some species of Carex can form tussocks, which are usually distributed in valleys and flood plains. The soil microbial community diversity and function of micro–habitats formed by tussocks are associated with plant diversity, and research on these associations can guide Carex tussock wetland restoration. In this study, we selected tussock wetlands dominated by Carex appendiculata, including natural wetlands (NW), artificially restored wetlands (ARW), and naturally restored wetlands (NRW), and investigated plant diversity. Soil samples were collected from the quadrats of each sample plot with the maximum (ma), median (me), and minimum (mi) plant Shannon index values, and high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the bacterial community composition, diversity, and functions. The plant diversity indexes of neither ARW nor NRW significantly differed from that of NW, but the companion species in NRW were hygrophytes and mesophytes, in contrast to only hygrophytes serving as companion species in NW and ARW. The soil bacterial communities at the operational taxonomic unit level of the nine quadrats with different plant Shannon index values significantly (p < 0.01) differed. The relative abundances of the dominant phyla (Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes) and the dominant genera (Geobacter, Sideroxydans, and Clostridium except for unassigned genera) significantly (p < 0.05) differed under the different levels of plant diversity. The plant Shannon index, soil moisture content, total organic carbon, N, and P were significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) correlated with the bacterial Shannon index. The phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial community in NW was significantly (p < 0.0001) different from those in ARW and NRW, and that in ARW was also significantly (p < 0.05) different from that in NRW. The functional groups of bacterial communities associated with plant diversity. In the NWme, ARWme, and NRWme bacterial communities, the relative proportions of functional groups related to soil N cycle were higher, but those related to soil S and C cycles were lower. Considering the rehabilitation of both plant and microbial communities, the methods used for establishing the ARW are recommended for Carex tussock wetland restoration.
Cognitive Impairment in Celiac Disease Patients: Scoping Review Exploring Psychological Triggers in a Chronic Condition

Celiac disease (CD), also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is an inflammatory autoimmune reaction triggered by ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. Celiac disease is often associated with a wide range of disorders, caused by immune responses and by malabsorption with subsequent nutritional deficiencies. Prevalent neurologic manifestations are ataxia, epilepsy, cerebral calcification, cerebral white matter lesions, peripheral neuropathy and myopathy, but also cognitive impairment. The study aimed to identify emerging and urgent research domains in order to establish a CD-specific patient-tailored protocol that includes both psychological and neuropsychological evaluations. We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Cochrane library in November 2022. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the included literature. Based on the exclusion/inclusion criteria, a total of seven articles were included in the scoping review process. This review demonstrated the lack of research on CD-related cognitive impairment key features and tries to focus on both cognitive and psychological manifestations as well as their two-way interaction. We tried to establish the specific areas involved, in order to have a comprehensive view of this condition and trying to determine a correct way of assessing CD cognitive impairment and its correlations with psychological distress and personal coping skills to a chronic condition. Nevertheless, research on this topic is progressively increasing and future studies should address specific key points.
Development and application of absorbed dose primary standard for 60Co and high-energy photon beams using water calorimetry

Several new glass vessels, thermistor probes, and water phantoms have been designed and built at the National Institute of Metrology (China) to upgrade and develop the existing water calorimeter. The increased plane-parallel vessels have shorter thermal stability times and shallower positioning depths (∼1.3 cm) than the previous cylindrical vessels, which makes them suitable for electron beams. The sensitivity of the new probes is 10% greater than the previous ones. In this study, detailed experimental and theoretical investigations of various factors affecting the new water calorimeter are performed. The system uncertainty of the water calorimeter is reduced and the robustness of the determination of the absorbed-dose-to-water D w is improved using a variety of geometric detector vessels and two kinds of high-purity water systems saturated with high-purity gases. This new calorimeter is employed as a primary standard for determining the D w, has achieved a combined standard uncertainty of 0.24% for a 60Co beam, 0.27% for 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams and 0.30% for a 25 MV photon beam. The beam quality conversion factors kQ of ten cylindrical and three plane-parallel ionization chambers are measured using the new calorimeter to improve the reference dosimetry accuracy of high-energy clinical photon beams.
Tight Remainder-Form Decomposition Functions With Applications to Constrained Reachability and Guaranteed State Estimation

In this article, we propose a tractable family of remainder-form mixed-monotone decomposition functions that are useful for overapproximating the image set of nonlinear mappings in reachability and estimation problems. Our approach applies to a new class of nonsmooth, discontinuous nonlinear systems that we call either-sided locally Lipschitz semicontinuous systems, which we show to be a strict superset of locally Lipschitz continuous systems, thus expanding the set of systems that are formally known to be mixed-monotone. In addition, we derive lower and upper bounds for the overapproximation error and show that the lower bound is achieved with our proposed approach, i.e., our approach constructs the tightest, tractable remainder-form mixed-monotone decomposition function. Moreover, we introduce a set inversion algorithm that along with the proposed decomposition functions can be used for constrained reachability analysis and guaranteed state estimation for continuous- and discrete-time systems with bounded noise.