Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Decomposable Metric for Explainable Evaluation of Text Generation from AMR

Systems that generate natural language text from abstract meaning representations such as AMR are typically evaluated using automatic surface matching metrics that compare the generated texts to reference texts from which the input meaning representations were constructed. We show that besides well-known issues from which such metrics suffer, an additional problem arises when applying these metrics for AMR-to-text evaluation, since an abstract meaning representation allows for numerous surface realizations. In this work we aim to alleviate these issues by proposing \mathcal{M}\mathcal{F}_\beta, a decomposable metric that builds on two pillars. The first is the principle of meaning preservation \mathcal{M} : it measures to what extent a given AMR can be reconstructed from the generated sentence using SOTA AMR parsers and applying (fine-grained) AMR evaluation metrics to measure the distance between the original and the reconstructed AMR. The second pillar builds on a principle of (grammatical) form \mathcal{F} that measures the linguistic quality of the generated text, which we implement using SOTA language models. In two extensive pilot studies we show that fulfillment of both principles offers benefits for AMR-to-text evaluation, including explainability of scores. Since \mathcal{M}\mathcal{F}_\beta does not necessarily rely on gold AMRs, it may extend to other text generation tasks.
A Survey of Coded Distributed Computing

Distributed computing has become a common approach for large-scale computation of tasks due to benefits such as high reliability, scalability, computation speed, and costeffectiveness. However, distributed computing faces critical issues related to communication load and straggler effects. In particular, computing nodes need to exchange intermediate results with each other in order to calculate the final result, and this significantly increases communication overheads. Furthermore, a distributed computing network may include straggling nodes that run intermittently slower. This results in a longer overall time needed to execute the computation tasks, thereby limiting the performance of distributed computing. To address these issues, coded distributed computing (CDC), i.e., a combination of coding theoretic techniques and distributed computing, has been recently proposed as a promising solution. Coding theoretic techniques have proved effective in WiFi and cellular systems to deal with channel noise. Therefore, CDC may significantly reduce communication load, alleviate the effects of stragglers, provide fault-tolerance, privacy and security. In this survey, we first introduce the fundamentals of CDC, followed by basic CDC schemes. Then, we review and analyze a number of CDC approaches proposed to reduce the communication costs, mitigate the straggler effects, and guarantee privacy and security. Furthermore, we present and discuss applications of CDC in modern computer networks. Finally, we highlight important challenges and promising research directions related to CDC
Reception-attack relation in men’s and women’s volleyball during the Rio 2016 Olympics

The effectiveness of the reception seems to be associated with the effect of the attack in the same way that factors such as gender, level of the opponent, and phases of the competitions can also influence the effectiveness in the side-out. The present study aimed to analyse the effects of reception and playoff phase on the attack outcome on men’s and women’s volleyball teams during the Rio 2016 Olympics. The convenience sample consisted of 1456 receiving actions (703 from men and 753 from women) and 1409 attacking actions (674 from men and 735 from women). We selected 11matches played in Rio 2016 Olympics and analysed the reception effect, the attack effect, and the final stages of the competition. The reliability of the data was established through Spearman’s correlation between evaluators. We stratified the data by sex and described absolute frequencies and number of occurrences. Multinomial logistic regression was performed with the purpose of verifying the predictive power of effect of reception and playoff phase on theeffect of the attack. For both men and women, the reception outcome showed predictive power for the attack outcome and the receptions that allowed organized attacks increased the chance of scoring through attack. The playoff phase showed no predictive power for the outcome of the attack. Overall, the effectiveness of the reception seems to be a predictive factor for successful offensive actions. It seems that top-level volleyball players can maintain the performance of the attack in the different playoff phases of a top level competition.
Personality Traits and Their Influences on Communication Skills: The Case of Khmer Students in Vietnam

This paper explores the Big-Five personality traits and their effects on communication skills amongst ethnic Khmer students in multicultural higher education in Vietnam. A total of 426 first-to-third year Khmer students were randomly sampled via a cross-sectional study. Instruments used in the study consist of Big Five Personality Factors and a communication skill questionnaire employing a Likert scale. The results reveal that when rating their personality, Khmer students rated Agreeableness as the highest strait and Extraversion as the lowest. Female students tended to be more oriented towards Agreeableness than their male fellows, while male students were recorded to be more focused on Emotional stability than females. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were found between personality traits and communication skills. Multiple regression analysis indicated personality characteristics accounted for 11.2 percent of variance in communication skills in which Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience directly affected the communication skills of ethnic Khmer students while Emotional Stability and Agreeableness did not. These results are interpreted within the context of educators in Vietnam developing a better understanding of ethnic Khmer students’ personality traits in predicting their communication skills within a learning setting to encourage and nurture student motivation and achievement.
The Relationship between Organisational Justice, Employee Satisfaction, and Employee Performance: A case study in Vietnam

In this study, the author focusses on employee awareness in two prominent components of organisational fairness, distributive and procedural justice, and their effect upon employee satisfaction, and employee performance. The questionnaire was delivered to 300 target respondents and 202 qualified responses were collected and analysed. Using the methods of principle component analysis and multiple regression, the results of the study contribute to affirming that organisational justice has a positive impact on job satisfaction, as well as reinforces the positive effect of job satisfaction upon job performance. At the same time, the results also demonstrate the positive relationship between organisational justice, and employee performance.
Wealth Inequality and Conditionality in Cash Transfers: A Politico-Economic Approach

We present a model that offers an explanation whether a condition is attached to cash transfers affects the elimination of child labor, taking into account wealth heterogeneity (especially land). The cash transfer program designs (conditional vs. unconditional) is determined through a political process. We show that when wealth distribution is left-skewed, median voters support conditional cash transfers, which reduces child labor. Unconditional cash transfers enjoy political support when the wealth distribution is less skewed; however, child labor remains. Our cross-country estimation confirms that countries with a greater wealth inequality are adopted conditional cash transfer in a number of developing and transition economies. The effects of sibling differences on child labor and cash transfer programs are also examined.
Calling Behavior of the Cotton Bollworm, Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The calling behavior of virgin female cotton bollworms, Heliothis armigera (Hubner), was investigated in the laboratory at 24–26°C under a reversed 16:8 (L:D) photoperiod. Females began calling 2–5 d after emergence. Calling age was used for comparing calling behavior between successive calling days. The mean onset of calling time advanced significantly from 322.4 min after scotophase on calling day 1 to 133.9 min after scotophase on calling day 5. The mean length of the call increased significantly from 63.4 min on calling day 1 to 222.6 min on calling day 3, then decreased to 180.8 min on calling day 5. Entrained females held under 60 h of darkness exhibited an endogenous circadian rhythm of calling.
Some Effects of Weed Control on the Numbers of the Small Cabbage White (Pieris rapae L.) on Brussels Sprouts

During a study of the control of Pieris rapae with DDT (Dempster 1967, 1968a, b) it was noticed that the amount of weed present in the crop affected the ground fauna, and care had to be taken to ensure that weed-cover was similar on sprayed and unsprayed plots. Since some of the ground-living arthropods are important predators of Pieris, an experiment was undertaken in 1968 to study the effects of weed control on the incidence of the pest.
Does Investor Misvaluation Drive the Takeover Market

This paper uses pre-offer market valuations to evaluate the misvaluation and "Q" theories of takeovers. Bidder and target valuations (price-to-book, or price-to-residual-income-model-value) are related to means of payment, mode of acquisition, premia, target hostility, offer success, and bidder and target announcement-period returns. The evidence is broadly consistent with both hypotheses. The evidence for the "Q" hypothesis is stronger in the pre-1990 period than in the 1990-2000 period, whereas the evidence for the misvaluation hypothesis is stronger in the 1990-2000 period than in the pre-1990 period. Copyright 2006 by The American Finance Association.
A Comparison of Home-Range Estimators Using Monte Carlo Simulation

We compared the Fourier series, harmonic mean, minimum convex polygon, and 2 95% ellipse home-range estimators using computer-simulated data with a known home-range area. Data were generated to simulate home ranges with 1 or 2 centers of activity and with topographic barriers causing irregular shapes. Estimators performed with different precision and bias according to the type of data simulated and the number of observations taken. Overall, the harmonic mean was the least biased, but was also one of the least precise. Home-range estimators are only general measures of animal activity. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 54(2):310-315 Many statistical home-range estimators have been proposed. All have different underlying models (assumptions) providing different operating characteristics and therefore can produce dissimilar results for a specific set of data. Rarely have the statistical properties of these estimators been compared or have guidelines on the selection of a specific estimator for a particular set of data been proposed. Application of different estimators produces confusion in the interpretation of home-range estimates because some of the differences observed between studies are due to the estimators themselves, and not to the behavior of the animals being studied. We used computer simulated data to address the differences among estimators by comparing 3 nonparametric estimators: harmonic mean (Dixon and Chapman 1980), Fourier series (Anderson 1982), and minimum convex polygon (Mohr 1947); and 2 parametric estimators: 95% ellipse estimators of Jennrich and Turner (1969) and Koeppl et al. (1975). Two types of animal movements were simulated: (1) an animal with a center of activity (e.g., a nesting bird) and (2) an animal with a uniform distribution (no center of activity). Data from a normal distribution were used to simulate center-of-activity movements, and data from a uniform distribution were used for movements without a center of activity. In addition, home ranges with irregular This content downloaded from 207.46. 13.114 on Thu, 26 May 2016 06:08:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms J. Wildl. Manage. 54(2):1990 HOME-RANGE ESTIMATORS * Boulanger and White 311 shapes, as would be caused by topographic barriers and/or habitat heterogeneity, were simulated. Advantages of using computer-simulated data are that a true home range is known, and thus bias and precision of each estimator can be evaluated. The statistical properties of an estimator cannot be determined with field telemetry data because true replicate observations cannot be constructed. Replicated, simulated data sets also allow powerful statistical comparisons of esti-
Evaluation of the Influence of Predation on Corn Borer Populations

This study of predators of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), conducted for 5 years in Iowa, Minnesota, and Kansas, 4 years in Missouri, and 2 years in Nebraska, indicated that predators play an important part in population fluctuation of this insect at some locations during some years. However, predators cannot be depended upon year after year, or in any given year, to play a significant part in manipulating a population at a specific location.
A Comprehensive Systemic Model of Innovation Management : Total Innovation Management ( TIM )

In today's knowledge based economy, innovation is a crucial factor for success and survival of businesses. Therefore, all industries highly to be in need of effective innovation management . In this research , a comprehensive model of innovation management (Total Innovation Management – TIM ) have been designed on the basis of an extensive theoretical review and according to the incorporated systemic approach . The TIM model embraces the most main factors and aspects of a broad view of effective innovation management in industrial organizations,included innovation resources , innovation processes and outcomes ( 26 hypotheses ). The model was then examined and validated through an empirical and field study among industry managers . The data gathering instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire which its reliability coefficient was accepted . The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analytical methodology by LISREL software was used to analysis the data. Research findings indicate that the hypotheses was supported and the model was validated . The TIM model embraces three main comprehensiveness related to innovation resources, innovation processes and outcomes. The model has suggested a comprehensive innovation management system, that included several sub-systems .
Analysis of genetic diversity and relationships among 86 Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes in Tibet using morphological traits and SSR markers

SUMMARY Walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees have been seed-propagated in Tibet at an average altitude of 3,000 m asl under varied climates for many years (> 1,000). These factors may have resulted in the accumulation of an abundant and diverse genetic resource, however the genetic characteristics of walnut grown in Tibet have not been studied. We used 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and ten quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to reveal the extent of genetic diversity and relationships among 86 genotypes of Tibetan walnut. Nut weights ranged from 6.50–22.52 g, kernel weights from 2.52–10.89 g, and kernel percentages (kernel weight/nut weight) from 29.62–55.41% among the 86 genotypes studied. The 12 SSR primer pairs amplified 119 alleles, ranging from 4–18 per locus, with a mean value of 9.92 alleles per locus. The 86 walnut genotypes growing in Tibet showed a relatively moderate degree of genetic diversity based on SSR loci and morphological traits. Dendrograms based on either SSR markers or morphological traits indicated that the 86 genotypes did not cluster according to their geographic origin. A Mantel test showed that the correlation coefficient between morphological- and SSR-based genetic distances was not significant (r = 0.12; P = 0.23). Because the plant material sampled in this research was representative of walnut germplasm grown in high altitude regions, the results provide important new information for germplasm conservation and screening for superior germplasm.
Genetic Diversity of the Plant Endophytic Fungi in a Pb-Zn Mine Area in Hanyuan,Sichuan Province,China

【Objective】To analyze the distribution characteristics and genetic diversity of plant endophytic fungi in Pb-Zn mine area. 【Method】Using the tissue cultivation method,endophytic fungi were isolated from six plant species collected from one Pb-Zn mine area in Hanyuan,Sichuan province.Based on their morphological characteristics,27 endophytic fungal strains were selected and carried out the genetic diversity analysis by using RAPD fingerprinting technique,and then one representative strain from each genetic cluster according to the RAPD result was used for rDNA-ITS sequencing,by which phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbor-joining method with MEGA 4.0 software. 【Results】A total of 186 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from 300 tissue segments of the six different plant species.The isolation rate ranged from 0.43 to 0.85 with the mean rate of 0.62. Stem was found having the highest isolation rate in all six plant species,and leaf came second and root was the lowest.The RAPD analysis showed that 27 strains were genetically clustered into eight different groups at the level of 76% similarity.Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS sequences of representative strains of eight groups showed that these eight endophytic fungi were closely related to Fusarium,Penicillium,Dothideomycetes,Plectosphaerella,Myrothecium,Pleosporales,Alternaria and Pestalotiopsis,respectively. 【Conclusion】The study suggested that plants in this Pb-Zn mine area had diverse endophytic fungi to some extent.However,the ecological function of them in such extreme environment is still not clear,which is worthy to be studied further.
The target area hypothesis: the influence of island area on immigration rates of non-volant mammals

Cross-ice movements of mammals in the Thousands Island Region of the St. Lawrence River, NY, USA, were analyzed to test for effects of island area on immigration rates, i.e., the target area hypothesis. The data were taken from 30 snow tracking surveys conducted during optimal tracking conditions over a four year period. Winter immigrations by the canids, non-canids and all mammals combined increased significantly with island area (P < 0.01). Thus, community structure of insular mammals in this and similar archipelagoes may be influenced by geometry of the islands and potential sources as well as the characteristics of the species and barrier in question.
Trust, Salience and Deterrence

We present results from a laboratory experiment identifying the main channels through which different law enforcement strategies deter organized economic crime. The absolute level of a fine has a strong deterrence effect, even when the exogenous probability of apprehension is zero. This effect appears to be driven by distrust or fear of betrayal, as it increases significantly when the incentives to betray partners are strengthened by policies offering amnesty to “turncoat whistleblowers”. We also document a strong deterrence effect of the sum of fines paid in the past, which suggests a significant role for salience or availability heuristic in law enforcement.
Assessment of CFD Solvers and Turbulent Models for Water Free Jets in Spillways

The capability of two different OpenFOAM® solvers, namely interFoam and twoPhaseEulerFoam, in reproducing the behavior of a free water jet was investigated. Numerical simulations were performed in order to obtain the velocity and air concentration profiles along the jet. The turbulence intensity was also analyzed. The obtained results were compared with published experimental data and, in general, similar velocity and air concentration profiles were found. InterFoam solver is able to reproduce the velocity field of the free jet but has limitations in the simulation of the air concentration. TwoPhaseEulerFoam performs better in reproducing the air concentration along the jet, the results being in agreement with the experimental data, although the computational runs are less stable and more time consuming. The sensitivity analysis of the inlet turbulent intensity showed that it has no influence in the characteristics of the jet core. With this research it is possible to conclude that: interFoam with k-Epsilon (k-ε) turbulence model is the best choice if the goal of the numerical simulations is the simulation of the velocity field of the jet. Meanwhile, twoPhaseEulerFoam with mixturek-Epsilon (mk-ε) shall be considered if the objective is the simulation of the velocity field and the air concentration.
The invasive amphipod Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939 displaces native gammarid amphipods from sheltered macrophyte habitats of the Gulf of Riga.

The North-American amphipod Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939 is a successful invader in European waters due to its high reproductive potential and tolerance to severe environmental conditions and various pollutants. In this study, we followed the invasion and establishment of this exotic species in a species-poor ecosystem of the northern Baltic Sea. Two years after the establishment of G. tigrinus, over half of the sampling sites were occupied exclusively by G. tigrinus, whereas G. tigrinus coexisted with native gammarids in only one tenth of all sites. There was a clear separation of habitat occupancy between native species and G. tigrinus in terms of abiotic environment and macrophytic habitat. G. tigrinus preferred shallow sheltered areas dominated by vascular plants, while native species mainly occurred in more exposed, deeper habitats with phaeophytes and rhodophytes. In its suboptimal habitats, G. tigrinus exhibited moderate abundances, which allowed for the coexistence of native gammarids and the invasive gammarid. Since its establishment, the abundance of G. tigrinus has showed no signs of decline, with abundances exceeding almost fifteen times those of native gammarids at some locations. The results suggest that, irrespective to the competitive superiority of G. tigrinus over the native gammarids, the invasive G. tigrinus does not monopolize the entire coastal area of the northern Baltic Sea but mostly outcompetes native species in its favoured habitats.