Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sodium Chloride Replacement with Potassium Chloride on Quality Traits of Bicarbonate-Marinated Turkey Breast Meat

This study aims to evaluate the possibility to formulate low-sodium bicarbonate-marinated turkey breast meat. In total, 60 meat cuts (100 × 50 × 30mm) were divided into four treatments: B1 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 0% sodium chloride replacement), B2 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 15% sodium chloride replacement), B3 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 30% sodium chloride replacement), and B4 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 45% sodium chloride replacement). The results showed that sodium replacement up to 45% had no impact on texture (as represented by Allo-Kramer shear values) and water activity. After cooking, Group B1 exhibited the highest L* value (72.1) and the lowest b* (6.6) when compared to other groups. In conclusion, replacing sodium chloride with potassium chloride up to 45% in the presence of sodium bicarbonate did not affect negatively several quality traits (sensory traits, composition, and texture, etc.).
Geology, Geochronology, Alteration and Geochemistry of the Rotokawa Geothermal System, TaupÅ Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

A more detailed understanding of the Rotokawa geothermal system, central Taupō Volcanic Zone (New Zealand), has been realised in order to constrain the magmatic, volcanic, structural and hydrothermal evolution of the hottest utilised geothermal system of New Zealand. Geochronology undertaken on buried hydrothermally altered lithologies at Rotokawa has provided constraints on the stratigraphy and volcanic evolution of the region. A 3-km-thick sequence of volcanic products is present at Rotokawa. This sequence is comprised of rhyolitic ignimbrites from large, caldera-forming events at volcanoes outside the field area, and locally sourced andesite and rhyolite lava bodies. The oldest volcanic rock from U-Pb dating of zircon is an ignimbrite, which yields an eruption age estimate of 1.84 ± 0.04 Ma. This ignimbrite, part of the Tahorakuri Formation, is among the oldest silicic volcanic deposits from the Taupō Volcanic Zone and can be linked to comparably-aged counterparts at three other nearby geothermal systems (Ngatamariki, Ohaaki and Kawerau). These ignimbrites onlap a basal andesite lava pile, up to 1.2 km thick, that rests on Mesozoic basement greywacke. Between ~1.8 and 0.7 Ma, there are no eruptives represented at Rotokawa, with the next oldest lithology being a rhyolite lava dated at 0.72 ± 0.09 Ma. At 350 ka, the Rotokawa area was buried by regionally extensive ignimbrites of the Whakamaru Group. Ignimbrites and sediments of the Waiora Formation were then emplaced over a 150 kyr period, coeval with dome-building activity forming the Maroa dome complex to the west, with this same rhyolite buried at the nearby Ngatamariki and Wairakei geothermal systems. Extensive rhyolitic lava bodies of the 90 ± 10 ka Oruahineawe Formation show stratigraphic and petrographic relationships suggesting both extrusive dome and shallow intrusive emplacement. Dominantly lacustrine sedimentary rocks of the Huka Falls Formation and pyroclastic deposits of the 25.4 ± 0.2 ka Oruanui eruption then cap and seal the system. The geothermal system is typical of the high gas and enthalpy New Zealand geothermal systems with a deep chloride water reservoir and an excess steam phase. As a result, the volcanic and sedimentary succession has been variably altered by hydrothermal minerals with alteration to abundant quartz, chlorite and calcite with common but variable amount of adularia, epidote, calcite and illite at depth. Zones of acid alteration characterised by kaolinite occur at shallow depths and can occur up to 1,000 m below the ground surface. Arsenic, Sb, and S abundances increase toward the surface, likely associated with sulfur complexing and deposition upon boiling and cooling.
Towards a Grammar of Vagueness∗

This paper investigates the grammatical principles governing the interpretation of a class of vague predicates — gradable adjectives — focusing on the context dependence of the ‘standard of comparison’ with respect to which these predicates are judged to be true. I show that the range of variability in interpretation of the standard of comparison is broader than has generally been assumed, specifically that there are distinct types of standards with distinct effects on truth conditions, and I argue that an empirically adequate semantics for such predicates must be able to account for this variability. I then argue that the observed range of interpretations can be explained in terms of the interaction of the scalar properties of gradable predicates and general constraints on semantic economy and strength.
BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY OF PLANETARY POLAR VORTICES: CIV ANALYSIS OF SPECIFIC MULTI-LOBED STRUCTURES

(1) The Open University, UK, E-mail: montabone@atm.ox. ac.uk (2) Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, France, E-mail: Robin.Wordsworth@lmd.jussieu. fr (3) Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Oceanografia, Portugal, E-mail: aaaguiar@fc.ul. pt (4) University of Oxford, Dept. of Physics, UK, E-mail: jacoby@atm.ox. ac.uk (5) University of Torino, Dept. of General Physics, Italy, E-mail: manfrin@to.infn. it (6) University of Oxford, Dept. of Physics, UK, E-mail: p.read1@physics.ox. ac.uk (7) University of Oxford, Dept. of Physics, UK, E-mail: aacp@atm.ox. ac.uk (8) Equipe Coriolis, LEGI, France, E-mail: louis.gostiaux@legi.grenoble-inp.fr (9) Equipe Coriolis, LEGI, France, E-mail: joel.sommeria@legi.grenoble-inp.fr (10) Equipe Coriolis, LEGI, France, E-mail: samuel.viboud@legi.grenoble-inp.fr (11) Equipe Coriolis, LEGI, France, E-mail: henri.didelle@legi.grenoble-inp.fr
THE SOUND OF METAL: ACOUSTIC EMISSION DURING THE DEFORMATION OF COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM

Acoustic emission (AE) was monitored in situ during in-plane tensile deformation of a commercially pure titanium plate. Different load orientations were considered: parallel to the rolling direction (RD), transversal direction (TD) and under an angle of 45 degrees (45D) with RD. The AE event rate, peak amplitude, signal duration, rise time and ring-down counts were monitored during deformation. Orientation dependent mechanical behavior, AE signal characteristics and microstructural evolution was observed and correlated to the difference in texture and twinning phenomena. The intensity and characteristics of AE signals in RD and 45D do not change considerably during deformation, which was attributed to the continuous nucleation and growth of compression twins. Anomalous AE behavior in TD was observed, showing two distinct peaks. All signal parameters show significantly decreased values during a first peak, which was correlated to massive nucleation of small tensile twins. These tensile twins disappear with increasing strain, indicating the end of the first peak. The second peak is comparable to the plateau behavior in RD and 45D and occurs during necking. Compression twinning is dominant, but limited to the necking zone. An unfavorable textural effect in TD has been identified, which hinders the formation of compression twins during the homogeneous deformation, as opposed to RD and 45D, resulting in anomalous AE behavior. The acoustic emission technique proves to be a complementary technique to electron diffraction as it allows monitoring and identifying the twinning modes of commercially pure titanium in situ.
Socio-cognitive correlates of achievement motivation among Engineering students

CONTEXT The modern society places an extraordinary emphasis on achievement, competition, and success. The two important indicators of achievement are the amount of education a person has completed and the job he or she holds. In the era of globalization, with the advent of multinational companies, these days, students display strong preferences or demand for higher education that makes them employable. This perspective of viewing education as a medium for getting better employment opportunities has resulted in more emphasis on professional education. The engineering institutions have come to constitute a major proportion of these professional institutions in India. In the state of Punjab (India), there has been a ten-fold, increase in the number of students in engineering courses, in the post-liberalization period. The achievement-related decisions, such as the decision to enrol in any academic course, are also made within the context of a complex social reality that presents each individual with a wide variety of choice. Given high likelihood of success, people will then choose those tasks or behaviours that have relatively higher personal value. Eccles et al. (1983) in their expectancy-value model of achievement motivation proposed that expectancies and values are assumed to directly influence achievement choices. They also influence performance, effort, and persistence. The theory posits that expectancies and values are assumed to be influenced by socialcognitive variables such as task-specific ability beliefs, the perceived difficulty of different tasks and individuals’ goals, self-schema and affective memories.
Rediscovery of the largest population of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in the Leningrad oblast (northwest Russia)

1. An internationally important population of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) was rediscovered in a small river in north-west Russia. 2. A survey of visible mussels in 2008/2009 indicated an estimated population of 40 000 individuals. This is the largest population currently known in the Leningrad oblast and is comparable with the entire pearl mussel population of some western European countries. 3. The average density of visible mussels was 29.6 individuals m 2 in the middle part of the river. In the four largest mussel beds maximum densities of 10001 individuals m 2 were recorded. Such densities are exceptional and have not been reported elsewhere in Europe during the last 100 years. 4. Live juvenile mussels were recorded, indicating that that this population is viable, although further investigation is required to establish its status. 5. Analysis of the population age structure, based on the measurement of empty shells, showed an age class distribution similar to those reported for other healthy Margaritifera populations. 6. Only two live juveniles were found. However, this is likely to be due to the survey being restricted to counts of visible mussels only, and the age structure being based on the analysis of dead shells. 7. The population’s current status and possible reasons for its survival in this river are discussed. Conservation measures should include the construction of a fish ladder to make fish migration through the culvert possible, removal of a metal screen preventing fish migration from the upper reaches of the river to the lake, reduction of recreation activities, and providing the local children’s camp with water treatment facilities. Copyright r 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Received 13 April 2010; Revised 17 October 2010; Accepted 27 November 2010
Fully transparent field-effect transistor with high drain current and on-off ratio

We report a fully transparent thin-film transistor utilizing a La-doped BaSnO3 channel layer that provides a drain current of 0.468 mA/μm and an on-off ratio of 1.5 × 108. The La-doped BaSnO3 channel is grown on a 100–150 nm thick unintentionally doped BaSnO3 buffer layer on a (001) MgO substrate by molecular-beam epitaxy. Unpatterned channel layers show mobilities of 127–184 cm2 V−1 s−1 at carrier concentrations in the low to mid 1019 cm−3 range. The BaSnO3 is patterned by reactive ion etching under conditions preserving the high mobility and conductivity. Using this patterning method, a sub-micron-scale thin film transistor exhibiting complete depletion at room temperature is achieved.
Nanotechnology Applied to Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes: A Review

The increasing demand for fossil fuels and the depleting of light crude oil in the next years generates the need to exploit heavy and unconventional crude oils. To face this challenge, the oil and gas industry has chosen the implementation of new technologies capable of improving the efficiency in the enhanced recovery oil (EOR) processes. In this context, the incorporation of nanotechnology through the development of nanoparticles and nanofluids to increase the productivity of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils has taken significant importance, mainly through thermal enhanced oil recovery (TEOR) processes. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of nanotechnology applied to oil recovery technologies with a focus on thermal methods, elaborating on the upgrading of the heavy and extra-heavy crude oils using nanomaterials from laboratory studies to field trial proposals. In detail, the introduction section contains general information about EOR processes, their weaknesses, and strengths, as well as an overview that promotes the application of nanotechnology. Besides, this review addresses the physicochemical properties of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils in Section 2. The interaction of nanoparticles with heavy fractions such as asphaltenes and resins, as well as the variables that can influence the adsorptive phenomenon are presented in detail in Section 3. This section also includes the effects of nanoparticles on the other relevant mechanisms in TEOR methods, such as viscosity changes, wettability alteration, and interfacial tension reduction. The catalytic effect influenced by the nanoparticles in the different thermal recovery processes is described in Sections 4, 5, 6, and 7. Finally, Sections 8 and 9 involve the description of an implementation plan of nanotechnology for the steam injection process, environmental impacts, and recent trends. Additionally, the review proposes critical stages in order to obtain a successful application of nanoparticles in thermal oil recovery processes.
HERMENEUTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONAL AND SOCIAL ETHICS IN CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES IN THE SOCIETY

This paper discusses the hermeneutic relationship between personal and social ethics in Christian religious communities in the society. Ethics or a moral value is the division of Philosophy that comprises organizing, preserving, and applauding perceptions of correct and incorrect behaviour. As a division of Philosophy, Ethics examines the queries „What is the greatest manner for individuals to live? ‟ and „What activities are correct or incorrect in precise situations? ‟ In exercise, personal and social ethics try to find a resolution to questions of human standards, by outlining conceptions like decent and wicked, good and bad, equity and iniquity, integrity and misconduct. As a field of logical probe, decent value also is associated with the areas of moral sensibility, expressive morals, and value theory. Definition of the word ethics appears to be a divergent term since several explanations are related to it.
A Comparison of Hybrid Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter- OI and Ensemble Square-Root Filter Analysis Schemes

A hybrid ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF)-optimum interpolation (OI) analysis scheme is described and compared with an ensemble square-root filter (EnSRF) analysis scheme. A two-layer primitive equation model was used under perfect-model assumptions. A simplified observation network was used, and the OI method utilized a static background error covariance constructed from a large inventory of historical forecast errors. The hybrid scheme updated the ensemble mean using a hybridized ensemble and static background-error covariance. The ensemble perturbations in the hybrid scheme were updated by the ETKF scheme. The EnSRF ran parallel data assimilation cycles for each member and serially assimilated the observations. The EnSRF background-error covariance was estimated fully from the ensemble. For 50-member ensembles, the analyses from the hybrid scheme were as accurate or nearly as accurate as those from the EnSRF, depending on the norm. For 20-member ensembles, the analyses from the hybrid scheme were more accurate than analyses from the EnSRF under certain norms. Both hybrid and EnSRF analyses were more accurate than the analyses from the OI. Further reducing the ensemble size to 5 members, the EnSRF exhibited filter divergence, whereas the analyses from the hybrid scheme were still better than those updated by the OI. Additionally, the hybrid scheme was less prone to spurious gravity wave activity than the EnSRF, especially when the ensemble size was small. Maximal growth in the ETKF ensemble perturbation space exceeded that in the EnSRF ensemble perturbation space. The relationship of the ETKF ensemble variance to the analysis error variance, a measure of a spread-skill relationship, was similar to that of the EnSRF ensemble. The hybrid scheme can be implemented in a reasonably
Should agriculture receive greater support as part of an inclusive growth strategy ?

In developing countries, agricultural growth is generally employment intensive and pro-poor but this sector in South Africa has been subject to a drastic decline in tariffs, pricing, infrastructure and other forms of support. This has not been compensated for by alternative measures such as expenditure aimed at facilitating small-scale agriculture and effective land reform. The result has been poor economic performance and rapidly declining employment in commercial agriculture with little sign of revival in the small-scale sector.
PII: S0166-8641(02)00110-4

Zelenyuk, Protasov and Khromulyak have proven that each countable ring is complete with the ring topology which is maximum among those for which a certain T-sequence converges. We present some concrete examples of this situation on Q. In particular, we present the maximum ring topology onQ for which the sequence (1/n) converges to zero, and also the maximum ring topology on Q for which (1/pn) converges to zero, pn being thenth prime number.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Buckling Instability of Flexible Joint under High Pressure in Solid Rocket Motor

Deflection torque decrease of flexible joint under increasing pressure was normally attributed to the changing shear stress and has not been carefully resolved, which was far from convincing. To systematically investigate the mechanism, the structure characteristics of the flexible joint were analysed under different pressures. It was found that the decrease in deflection torque of the flexible joint was mainly due to the buckling response when it bears the deflection and pressure at the same time. The Riks method was utilized in this paper with the simulation of the buckling process of the flexible joint by ABAQUS. The static Riks method and general method were applied, respectively, to simulate the different pressurization processes at different pre-angles to obtain the rules of swing angle changing with pressure. The spring torque under various pressures was obtained and had a good coherence with the test results. For industrial applications, the concept of container pressure torque and its formula were proposed in this study, which was demonstrated to be of high accuracy. The simulation method and conclusions in this paper will definitely provide the beneficial reference to the design of the flexible joint in high-pressure working environment.
BIOACTIVE COMPOSITION OF PERSIMMON FRUITS (DIOSPYROS KAKI L.)

Fruit of great commercial expression, the persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L.) has been cultivated worldwide on a large scale. Numerous research has been conducted with the fruit to identify compounds with nutraceutical and functional properties that promote human health. The objective of the present work was to perform the bioactive composition of persimmon fruits in the "ripe" stage (red skin color) and in the ideal harvest point. Persimmon fruits were harvested from domestic backyard plants located in Miguel Pereira RJ. For the bioactive composition of the fruits, the following analyzes were performed: ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, yellow flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total phenolics and DPPH. Data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis, obtaining mean values and standard deviations of persimmon fruits. Analyzes were performed in triplicate. The fruits studied proved to be important sources of functional components, supported by the high values for phenolics (46.48 mg GAE/100 g) and DPPH (300.38 μmol TE/100 g), characterized in this way as a product of high added value aimed to the promotion of human health.
Team-based learning in Physical therapy undergraduate course: experiment report

Abstract Introduction: Active learning methods have shown positive results, mainly in terms of content learning and the development of communication skills, critical thinking, and collaborative practice. However, they are still unknown by most professors teaching in Physical therapy courses. Objective: To present the report of an experiment based on the application of the Team-Based Learning (TBL) method, in the Physical therapy undergraduate course. Method: This is a report of an experiment comparing traditional teaching and TBL with 61 students in the Physical therapy course. A comparison was performed between means, medians, approval ratio and satisfaction of the students who experienced the active methodology. Results: The results showed that the final average of the summative evaluations of the TBL group (71.9 ± 10.5 points) was statistically different (p = 0.003) from that of the traditional teaching group (63.7 ± 9.92 points). The proportion of approved students was not statistically different between the groups, 92.0% and 88.6%, respectively (p = 0.478). Conclusion: The overall satisfaction was that the method, although tiresome, according to the students, favored a greater understanding of the content and motivation to study. The study presents innovative results regarding the application of the team-based teaching method to the Physical therapy course.
Multiview-Video-Based Compression of Plenoptic Point Clouds

The plenoptic point cloud that has associated colors from various directions, is a more complete representation of a 3D object than the general point cloud that has only one color. It is more realistic but also brings a larger volume of data that needs to be compressed. The state-of-the-art method to compress the plenoptic point cloud is the multiple attributes extension of the region-based adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT). In addition to RAHT, the video-based point cloud compression (V-PCC) is also an efficient method to compress the point cloud. However, there are not any works using a video-based solution to compress the plenoptic point cloud yet. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a Multiview-video-based framework utilizing the high efficiency of the multiview video coding standard to compress the plenoptic point cloud efficiently. Under the proposed multiview-video-based framework, a plenoptic point cloud is projected to its bounding box to generate multiple attribute videos since it has multiple colors from various directions. Then the multiple attribute videos are compressed efficiently using Multiview High Efficiency Video Coding (MV-HEVC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to compress the plenoptic point cloud using a video-based solution. To further improve the performance of the proposed framework, we propose two methods to reduce the bit cost of unoccupied pixels that are useless for the reconstructed quality of the plenoptic point cloud. First, we propose a blockbased group padding scheme to unify the unoccupied pixels across the attribute direction to minimize the bit cost of the unoccupied pixels. Second, we propose ignoring the distortion of the unoccupied pixels during the rate distortion optimization in MV-HEVC. The proposed algorithms are implemented in the V-PCC and the MV-HEVC reference software. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can lead to significant bitrate savings compared with the state-of-the-art method.