Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACCRETION IN EVOLVED AND TRANSITIONAL DISKS IN CEP OB2: LOOKING FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE INNER HOLES

We present accretion rates for a large number of solar-type stars in the Cep OB2 region, based on U-band observations. Our study comprises 95 members of the ∼4 Myr old cluster Tr 37 (including 20 “transition” objects (TOs)), as well as the only classical T Tauri star (CTTS) in the ∼12 Myr old cluster NGC 7160. The stars show different disk morphologies, with the majority of them having evolved and flattened disks. The typical accretion rates are about 1 order of magnitude lower than in regions aged 1–2 Myr, and we find no strong correlation between disk morphology and accretion rates. Although half of the TOs are not accreting, the median accretion rates of normal CTTS and accreting “transition” disks are similar (∼3 × 10−9 and 2 × 10−9 M☉ yr−1, respectively). Comparison with other regions suggests that the TOs observed at different ages do not necessarily represent the same type of objects, which is consistent with the fact that the different processes that can lead to reduced IR excess/inner disk clearing (e.g., binarity, dust coagulation/settling, photoevaporation, giant planet formation) do not operate on the same timescales. Accreting TOs in Tr 37 are probably suffering strong dust coagulation/settling. Regarding the equally large number of non-accreting TOs in the region, other processes, such as photoevaporation, the presence of stellar/substellar companions, and/or giant planet formation, may account for their “transitional” spectral energy distributions and negligible accretion rates.
Ab initio parametrized model of strain-dependent solubility of H in α-iron

The calculated effects of interstitial hydrogen on the elastic properties of α-iron from our earlier work are used to describe the H interactions with homogeneous strain fields using ab initio methods. In particular, we calculate the H solublility in Fe subject to hydrostatic, uniaxial and shear strain. For comparison, these interactions are parametrized successfully using a simple model with parameters entirely derived from ab initio methods. The results are used to predict the solubility of H in spatially varying elastic strain fields, representative of realistic dislocations outside their core. We find a strong directional dependence of the H-dislocation interaction, leading to strong attraction of H by the axial strain components of edge dislocations and by screw dislocations oriented along the critical 〈1 1 1〉 slip direction. We further find a H-concentration enhancement around dislocation cores, consistent with experimental observations.
Aurora Candidates from the Chronicle of Q\={i}ng Dynasty in Several Degrees of Relevance

We present the result of the survey of sunspots and auroras in ${\it Q\bar{\imath}ngsh\check{\imath}ga\check{o}}$, the draft chronicle of ${\it Q\bar{\imath}ng}$ dynasty, for the period of 1559-1912 CE, as a sequel of the series of works surveying historical sunspot and aurora records, and providing online data to the scientific community regarding the attained results. In total of this ${\it Q\bar{\imath}ngsh\check{\imath}ga\check{o}}$ survey, we found 111 records of night-sky luminous events with the keywords such as vapor (${\it q\grave{\imath}}$), cloud (${\it y\acute{u}n}$), and light (${\it gu\bar{a}ng}$), which may indicate auroras as well as some other phenomena. Similarly keyword survey for sunspots were done, but no sunspot record was found. In comparison with the aurora records in the western world, we found 14 of the 111 records have a corresponding record of simultaneous observation in the western world and hence are very likely to be aurora. In order to investigate the likeliness of the rest of the record being aurora, we calculated the lunar age and the phase of a solar cycle for each record. After these calculations, notable fraction of these records clustered near the full moon were found statistically doubtful in considerations with atmospheric optics, meanwhile a few records near the new moon could be more likely interpreted as auroras including three records during the Maunder minimum.
Possible imprints of cosmic strings in the shadows of galactic black holes

We examine the shadow cast by a Kerr black hole pierced by a cosmic string. The observable images depend not only on the black hole spin parameter and the angle of inclination, but also on the deficit angle yielded by the cosmic string. The dependence of the observable characteristics of the shadow on the deficit angle is explored. The imprints in the black hole shadow left by the presence of a cosmic string can serve in principle as a method for observational detection of such strings.
PICACS: self-consistent modelling of galaxy cluster scaling relations

In this paper, we introduce PICACS, a physically-motivated, internally consistent model of scaling relations between galaxy cluster masses and their observable properties. This model can be used to constrain simultaneously the form, scatter (including its covariance) and evolution of the scaling relations, as well as the masses of the individual clusters. In this framework, scaling relations between observables (such as that between X-ray luminosity and temperature) are modelled explicitly in terms of the fundamental mass-observable scaling relations, and so are fully constrained without being fit directly. We apply the PICACS model to two observational datasets, and show that it performs as well as traditional regression methods for simply measuring individual scaling relation parameters, but reveals additional information on the processes that shape the relations while providing self-consistent mass constraints. Our analysis suggests that the observed combination of slopes of the scaling relations can be described by a deficit of gas in low-mass clusters that is compensated for by elevated gas temperatures, such that the total thermal energy of the gas in a cluster of given mass remains close to self-similar expectations. This is interpreted as the result of AGN feedback removing low entropy gas from low mass systems, while heating the remaining gas. We deconstruct the luminosity-temperature (LT) relation and show that its steepening compared to self-similar expectations can be explained solely by this combination of gas depletion and heating in low mass systems, without any additional contribution from a mass dependence of the gas structure. Finally, we demonstrate that a self-consistent analysis of the scaling relations leads to an expectation of self-similar evolution of the LT relation that is significantly weaker than is commonly assumed.
What’s Creative About Sentences? A Computational Approach to Assessing Creativity in a Sentence Generation Task

ABSTRACT Evaluating creativity of verbal responses or texts is a challenging task due to psychometric issues associated with subjective ratings and the peculiarities of textual data. We explore an approach to objectively assess the creativity of responses in a sentence generation task to 1) better understand what language-related aspects are valued by human raters and 2) further advance the developments toward automating creativity evaluations. Over the course of two prior studies, participants generated 989 four-word sentences based on a four-letter prompt with the instruction to be creative. We developed an algorithm that scores each sentence on eight different metrics including 1) general word infrequency, 2) word combination infrequency, 3) context-specific word uniqueness, 4) syntax uniqueness, 5) rhyme, 6) phonetic similarity, and similarity of 7) sequence spelling and 8) semantic meaning to the cue. The text metrics were then used to explain the averaged creativity ratings of eight human raters. We found six metrics to be significantly correlated with the human ratings, explaining a total of 16% of their variance. We conclude that the creative impression of sentences is partly driven by different aspects of novelty in word choice and syntax, as well as rhythm and sound, which are amenable to objective assessment.
ON THE FORCE-FREE NATURE OF PHOTOSPHERIC SUNSPOT MAGNETIC FIELDS AS OBSERVED FROM HINODE (SOT/SP)

A magnetic field is force-free if there is no interaction between it and the plasma in the surrounding atmosphere, i.e., electric currents are aligned with the magnetic field, giving rise to zero Lorentz force. The computation of various magnetic parameters, such as magnetic energy (using the virial theorem), gradient of twist of sunspot magnetic fields (computed from the force-free parameter α), and any kind of extrapolation, heavily hinges on the force-free approximation of the photospheric sunspot magnetic fields. Thus, it is of vital importance to inspect the force-free behavior of sunspot magnetic fields. The force-free nature of sunspot magnetic fields has been examined earlier by some researchers, ending with incoherent results. Accurate photospheric vector field measurements with high spatial resolution are required to inspect the force-free nature of sunspots. For this purpose, we use several vector magnetograms of high spatial resolution obtained from the Solar Optical Telescope/Spectro-Polarimeter on board Hinode. Both the necessary and sufficient conditions for force-free nature are examined by checking the global and local nature of equilibrium magnetic forces over sunspots. We find that sunspot magnetic fields are not very far from the force-free configuration, although they are not completely force-free on the photosphere. The umbral and inner penumbral fields are more force-free than the middle and outer penumbral fields. During their evolution, sunspot magnetic fields are found to maintain their proximity to force-free field behavior. Although a dependence of net Lorentz force components is seen on the evolutionary stages of the sunspots, we do not find a systematic relationship between the nature of sunspot magnetic fields and the associated flare activity. Further, we examine whether the fields at the photosphere follow linear or nonlinear force-free conditions. After examining this in various complex and simple sunspots, we conclude that, in either case, photospheric sunspot magnetic fields are closer to satisfying the nonlinear force-free field approximation.
Phases of N = 1 USp(2Nc) gauge theories with flavors

We studied the phase structures of N=1 supersymmetric USp(2N_c) gauge theory with N_f flavors in the fundamental representation as we deformed the N=2 supersymmetric QCD by adding the superpotential for adjoint chiral scalar field. We determined the most general factorization curves for various breaking patterns, for example, the two different breaking patterns of quartic superpotential. We observed all kinds of smooth transitions for quartic superpotential. Finally we discuss the intriguing role of USp(0) in the phase structure and the possible connection with observations made recently in hep-th/0304271 (Aganagic, Intriligator, Vafa and Warner) and in hep-th/0307063 (Cachazo).
The distances of the Galactic novae

Utilising the unique location of red clump giants on colour-magnitude diagrams obtained from various near-IR surveys, we derived specific reddening-distance relations towards 119 Galactic novae for which independent reddening measurements are available. Using the derived distance-extinction relation and the independent measurements of reddening we calculated the most likely distances for each system. We present the details of our distance measurement technique and the results of this analysis, which yielded the distances of 73 Galactic novae and allowed us to set lower limits on the distances of 46 systems. We also present the reddening-distance relations derived for each nova, which may be useful to analyze the different Galactic components present in the line of sight.
Sur le problème de Goursat holomorphe pour certains opérateurs à caractéristiques en involution

Nous considerons le probleme de Goursat holomorphe pour les equations aux derivees partielles lineaires dans le domaine complexe. MM. J. Leray [6] et L. Garding, T. Kotake et J. Leray [1] ont etudie les singularites de la solution du probleme de Cauchy holomorphe, lorsque la surface initiale a des points caracteristiques. Its ont demontre les resultats remarquables: la solution se ramifie autour d'un ensemble analytique tangent a la surface initiale et peut etre explicitement uniformisee, sauf dans des cas exceptionnels. Dans cet article, nous allons appliquer ces resultats au probleme de Goursat holomorphe pour l'operateur tel que deux composants irreductibles de sa variete caracteristique se coupent et leur intersection soit involutive, et qui verifie une condition de Levi generalisee. La surface caracteristique S qui porte les donnees holomorphes de Goursat est simple sauf sur une sous variete T de S et au moms double sur T. La solution est alors, comme celle de [6] et [1], une fonction algebroide ramifiee autour d'un ensemble analytique K de codimension un tangent a S sauf dans des cas exceptionnels. Ce resultat n'est qu'une consequence immediate des resultats de [6] et [1]. Notre raisonnement est done completement analogue a celui de [6] et [1]. Mais ce resultat a quelque rapport a une etude sur les singularites de la solution du probleme de Cauchy pour les operateurs a caracteristiques en involution [7], [4] et [9]. Nous allons enoncer plus precisement les hypotheses et les resultats au paragraphe suivant.
Dust attenuation of the nebular regions and optical emission lines of $z\sim2$ star-forming galaxies

We use a sample of 149 spectroscopically confirmed UV-selected galaxies at $z\sim 2$ to investigate the relative dust attenuation of the stellar continuum and the nebular emission lines. For each galaxy in the sample, at least one rest-frame optical emission line (H$\alpha$/[NII]$\lambda6583$ or [OIII]$\lambda5007$) measurement has been taken from the litterature, and 41 galaxies have additional Spitzer/MIPS 24$\mu$m observations that are used to infer infrared luminosities. We use a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code that predicts nebular line strengths when fitting the stellar populations of galaxies in our sample, and we perform comparisons between the predictions of our models and the observed/derived physical quantities. We find that on average our code is able to reproduce all the physical quantities (e.g., UV $\beta$ slopes, infrared luminosities, emission line fluxes), but we need to apply a higher dust correction to the nebular emission compared to the stellar emission for the largest SFR ($\log\mathrm{(SFR/M}_\odot\mathrm{yr}^{-1})>1.87$, Salpeter IMF). We find a correlation between SFR and the difference in nebular and stellar color excesses, which could resolve the discrepant results regarding nebular dust correction at $z\sim2$ from previous results.
Effect of iron-binding polypeptides and non-starch polysaccharides supplementation on growth performance and fecal scores of weaning pigs

Background: Weaning is the most stressful event in pig’s life, resulting in postweaning diarrhea and growth retardation. The supplementation of Advanced Digestion Enhancing Protein Plus Technology (ADEPPTTM), which contains iron-binding polypeptides and non-starch polysaccharides, to nursery diets may reduce the occurrence of diarrhea and enhance growth performance of weaning pigs. Objective: To evaluate the effect of ADEPPTTM supplementation on growth performance and fecal score in weaning pigs. Methods: At weaning, a total of 54 weaning pigs (initial body weight: 7.42 ± 0.52 kg) were assigned to 3 treatments in 3 replicates with 6 pigs per pen based on sex, breed, and body weight for a 28-d feeding trial. The pigs were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0% of the ADEPPTTM product in 2 phases (d 0-14 and d 15-28 postweaning, respectively). In the first week (d 3-5 postweaning) of the trial, a pig was removed from each pen when diarrhea was observed, housed in a separate pen within treatment, and then treated for 3 days with a 100-ml solution of electrolytes and ADEPPTTM by drenching. Growth performance and fecal score (1=normal to 4=watery diarrhea) were measured. Results: In the feeding trial, there were no significant differences in body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake throughout the overall period. However, a quadratic trend was observed in gain to feed ratio (p=0.09) for d 0-7 postweaning and overall period with increasing ADEPPTTM supplementation levels in which the greatest value was observed in the 0.5% ADEPPTTM level. The fecal score tended to decrease linearly with increasing ADEPPTTM levels during d 0-7 (p=0.11) and 0-14 (p=0.12) postweaning. There was no significant difference on fecal score of diarrheic pigs and average daily gain tended to increase linearly in d 21-28 postweaning (p=0.08) with increasing ADEPPTTM levels. Conclusion: These results indicate that 0.5% ADEPPTTM supplementation has a potential to enhance growth performance of weaning pigs and might be effective to prevent and control postweaning diarrhea.
The stellar mass function of the most-massive galaxies at 3 ≤z < 5 in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey

We have analysed a sample of 1292 4.5-mu m-selected galaxies at z >= 3, over 0.6 deg2 of the UKIRT Infrared Deep Survey (UKIDSS) Ultra Deep Survey (UDS). Using photometry from the U band through 4.5 mu m, we have obtained photometric redshifts and derived stellar masses for our sources. Only two of our galaxies potentially lie at z > 5. We have studied the galaxy stellar mass function at 3 10 between z = 5 and 3, indicating that the assembly rate of these galaxies proceeded > 20 times faster at these redshifts than at 0 <z <2; (ii) the Schechter function slope alpha is significantly steeper than that displayed by the local stellar mass function, which is a consequence of both the steeper faint end and the absence of a pure exponential decline at the high-mass end; and (iii) the evolution of the comoving stellar mass density from z = 0 to 5 can be modelled as log(10M) = -(0.05 +/- 0.09)z2 -(0.22 -/+ 0.32)z + 8.69. At 3 <z <4, more than 30 per cent of the galaxies would be missed by optical surveys with R <27 or z <26. Thus, our study demonstrates the importance of deep mid-infrared surveys over large areas to perform a complete census of massive galaxies at high z and trace the early stages of massive galaxy assembly.
Geographic Variation in Top-10 Prescribed Medicines and Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Portugal: An Ecological Study of 2.2 Million Older Adults

Multiple medication intake by older adults is considered a serious public health concern since it is associated with increased risk of adverse drug reactions and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM). This study described the top-10 prescribed active substances considering geographical distribution and PIM prescription in older adults. A cross-sectional ecological study using data on the active substances prescribed to people aged 65 years or older during 2020 was conducted. Information on active substances and the respective defined daily doses (DDD) stratified by age group, sex and region were collected from a Portuguese health administrative database. The average number of prescribed packages and DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day of top-10 active substances were assessed. This study included a total of 2,228,090 older adults (58% females). The furosemide and atorvastatin were the active substances with higher prescription rates (mean DDD/1000 inhabitants/day) in all ARS in both males and females, in comparison with the other top-10 active substances. Our results showed geographic differences in prescription, illustrated by more prescriptions in ARS North and Centre and fewer prescriptions in ARS Algarve. In females, two out of the 10 most prescribed active substances were PIM (benzodiazepines and opioids). Geographic disparities in PIM prescription across Portuguese regions were also observed. This study shows that drugs for the cardiovascular system were the active substances most prescribed to older adults. The prescription of benzodiazepines and opioids, classified as PIM, among females, alerts officials to the need of health policies to decrease inappropriate medication. The observed geographic differences in the 10 most prescribed active substances and in PIM prescription emphasized the importance of investing in medication optimization across the Portuguese regions.
Local ultra faint dwarves as a product of Galactic processing during a Magellanic group infall

The recent discoveries of ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxies in the vicinity of the Magellanic system supports the expectation from cosmological models that such faint objects exist and are numerous. By developing a mass model of the Local Group and backwards integrating the Magellanic Clouds' present kinematics, we find that the locations of these UFDs are consistent with those predicted if previously associated with the Large MC as part of a loose association. We further demonstrate how these satellites are likely to have been processed by the Galactic hot halo upon accretion, with the implication that ongoing detections of extremely gas-rich objects on the periphery of the Galaxy and without clear stellar counterparts are analogous to the progenitors of the gas-deficient UFDs. Our model allows us predict the locations of other putative Magellanic satellites, and propose how their distribution/kinematics provide a novel constraint on the dynamical properties of the Galaxy. We also predict that the stripped metal-poor HI, previously associated with these UFDs, lies coincident with but distinguishable from the extensive Magellanic Stream.
The role of medium modifications for neutrino-pair processes from nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung - Impact on the protoneutron star deleptonization

In this article the neutrino-pair production from nucleon-nucleon ( NN ) bremsstrahlung is explored via medium-modifications of the strong interactions at the level of the one-pion exchange approximation. It governs the bulk part of the NN interaction at low densities relevant for the neutrino physics in core-collapse supernova studies. The resulting medium-modified one-pion exchange rate for the neutrino-pair processes is implemented in simulations of core-collapse supernovae in order to study the impact on the neutrino signal emitted from the deleptonization of the nascent proto-neutron star (PNS). Consequences for the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements of the material ejected from the PNS surface are discussed.
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen management on yield and economics of SRI-grown hybrid rice (Oryza sativa)

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season (2014-15) at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to standardize water saving and economical nitrogen management options for hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) under SRI.The experiment was laid-out in a three-times replicated split-plot design involving three irrigation scheduling, viz. irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water (DADPW), 5 DADPW and 8 DADPW assigned to main-plotsand five nitrogen management options, viz. 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN, 150 kg N/ha), 100% RDN+ Sesbania aculeata, 75% RDN + Sesbania aculeata, 100% RDN + BGA (12 kg/ha) and 75% RDN + BGA (12 kg/ha) were allotted in sub-plots. Results reveal that scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW was recorded significantly higher dry matter accumulation (DMA), leaf area index (LAI), yield attributes and finally enhanced grain yield andnet returns by 16.2, 20.3% and 11.7 and 12.6% during 2014 and 2015, respectively over 8 DADPW but statistically at par with scheduling of irrigation at 5 DADPW. Among nitrogen management options, application of 100% RDN(150 kg N/ha) + BGA (12 kg/ha) recorded higher DMA, LAI, yield attributes and finally enhanced grain yield andnet returns by 14.4, 22.8% and 12.6 and 18.5%, respectively over application of 100% RDN alone. Hence, irrigation at 2 DADPW and combined application of 100% RDN + BGA (12 kg/ha) can be recommended for obtaining higher yield and profit from hybrid rice under SRI.