Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecophysiological responses to drought followed by re-watering of two native Chilean swamp forest plants: Myrceugenia exsucca (DC.) O. Berg and Luma chequen (Molina) A. Gray

Myrceugenia exsucca (DC.) O. Berg y Luma chequen (Molina) A. Gray son dos especies predominantes de Myrtaceae del bosque pantanoso que estan fuertemente amenazadas por la destruccion de su habitat. Los programas de conservacion incluyen la creacion de nuevas areas protegidas que a menudo tienen diferentes condiciones ambientales respecto a su habitat natural. La tolerancia a la sequia y la capacidad de recuperacion son caracteristicas de gran importancia en los programas de conservacion en este tipo de plantas. Entender como estas plantas responden a la sequia y la rehidratacion fue el objetivo principal de este trabajo. Por ende, se estudiaron las relaciones hidricas, azucares solubles, pigmentos y rendimiento del fotosistema II (PSII). En general, el estado hidrico de L. chequen fue menos afectado que el de M. exsucca. Esto fue consistente con el mayor mantenimiento del apagamiento fotoquimico en L. chequen respecto a M. exsucca. Ademas, L. chequen exhibio una recuperacion completa del potencial hidrico y de la maxima eficiencia PSII incrementando estadisticamente el apagamiento fotoquimico (qP), que podria relacionarse con el fuerte incremento en los azucares solubles, indicando una mayor recuperacion fotosintetica. En contraste, M. exsucca fue incapaz de recuperar su potencial hidrico y la proporcion de centros de reaccion del PSII abiertos bajo condiciones de rehidratacion indicando una menor capacidad de recuperacion. Estos resultados muestran diferentes capacidades para hacer frente y restablecer el funcionamiento fisiologico despues de un episodio de escasez hidrica entre estas dos plantas de pantano chilenas. Esperamos que estos resultados sean importantes para el exito y gestiones de programas re-vegetacion a favor de la conservacion.
No-Regret and Incentive-Compatible Prediction with Expert Advice

We study the problem of prediction with expert advice in a setting in which experts act strategically to maximize their influence on the learning algorithm’s prediction by potentially misreporting their beliefs about the binary event to be realized. Our goal is twofold. On the one hand, we want a learning algorithm to be no-regret when comparing against the best fixed expert in hindsight. On the other, we want to guarantee that each expert’s best strategy, irrespective of the strategies of other experts, is to report their true belief about the realization of the event. Towards achieving this goal, we first show that any expert learning algorithm’s update rule has an equivalent interpretation as a wagering mechanism, a type of multi-agent scoring rule. When experts are myopic (i.e., wishing to maximize their influence while looking only one step into the future), we show that using a variant of a known wagering mechanism, one can achieve both incentive-compatibility and asymptotically optimal regret guarantees. When experts are not myopic, we identify an incentive-compatible algorithm with low regret in practice.
Heat Generation and Thermal Radiation Effects over a Stretching Sheet in a Micropolar Fluid

The effects of radiation and heat generation on steady thermal boundary layer flow induced by a linearly stretching sheet immersed in an incompressible micropolar fluid with constant surface temperature are investigated. Similarity transformation is employed to transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary ones, which are then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta fourth order along shooting method. Results for the local Nusselt number as well as the temperature profiles are presented for different values of the governing parameters. It is observed that the velocity increases with an increase in the material parameter. It is seen that the temperature profile is influenced considerably and increases when the value of heat generation parameter increases along the boundary layer. Also, the temperature distribution of the fluid increases with an increase in the radiation parameter. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and the results are found to be in very good agreement.
Quality of Life of Women with Breast Cancer-Emotional and Social Aspects

Breast cancer is the leading cancer among women in most countries and significantly affects the quality of life of ill women. The aim of this study was to examine how the breast cancer affects their quality of life, especially emotional and social components of health, compared to healthy women in our community. The pilot study included 100 women with breast cancer and 100 healthy women aged 20-75, using EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3.0 questionnaire. Mean score of the global health status in women with breast cancer (29.5 ± 17.9) compared to healthy women (65.8 ± 24.7) was significantly lower in all age groups. Almost 2/3 women with breast cancer were tense and 3/4 worried. More than 2/3 ill women were irritable and depressed with a significantly lower score on the scale of emotional and social functioning compared with healthy women. Over 2/3 ill women said that their health status or treatment had an impact on their family and social life with statistically significant difference compared to 1/10 women in the control group. Data on quality of life for women with breast cancer are essential for prevention of particular adverse effects especially in emotional and social functioning.
Asynchronous Antigen Expression in B Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Cell surface phenotypes of 113 B lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cases, defined by the presence of HLA-DR and at least one B-cell-specific antigen (either CD19, CD20, or CD22), were compared with antigen-defined stages of normal B lymphocyte development. The cases were first evaluated for expression of HLA-DR, CD19, CD34, CD10, CD20, and CD22 by indirect one-color immunofluorescence. Pairwise comparisons of cell surface marker expression were performed for each leukemic sample: no correlations were observed for paired antigen expression on the leukemic samples using antigens expressed either early or late during normal B lymphoid development. Complete immunophenotypes of the cases were then compared with normal B-cell developmental stages. Sixteen different complete immunophenotypes were observed on the leukemias that were not found in normal marrow; at least 78% of the cases demonstrated such "asynchronous" combinations of B lymphoid-associated differentiation antigens. Several samples were subsequently studied by two-color immunofluorescence, and the presence of doubly labeled cells with "asynchronous" antigen combinations was confirmed. These results indicate that the majority of B lineage leukemias exhibit "developmental asynchrony," as compared with normal marrow B cells. The data further suggest that ALL cases do not accurately represent cells arrested at the stage where the leukemogenic event occurred. Rather, ALL appears to be a disease in which there may be maturation of leukemic blasts; but this maturation is "asynchronous" when compared with the normal developmental process.
Comparing the Effect of Traditional, Web based and Simulation Training on Midwifery Students' Clinical Competence in Postpartum Hemorrhage Management

Background and purpose: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the most important cause of maternal death. Improving clinical competence could increase the quality of midwives' works and decrease maternal death. This study was done to compare the effect of traditional, web based and simulation training on clinical competencies of midwifery students in PPH management. Materials and methods: This semi-experimental study was performed in 91 midwifery students in Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery, 2013. The samples were randomly divided into three groups of web-based, simulation and traditional training using table of random numbers. The web- based group was trained on-line for one week, through educational web site. The students in simulation- based group were trained in Clinical Skills Centre for four hours and the traditional group was trained for 4 hours by lecture and PowerPoint presentation. Students' clinical competencies were measured before and one week after the intervention by a questionnaire and objective structured clinical exam. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistical test, paired t-test, and ANOVA. Results: No significant difference was found between the three groups in clinical competence to manage PPH before the intervention (P>0.326). One week after training, the mean score for students' clinical competence showed significant increase in all groups (P<0.001). The intergroup comparison indicated no significant difference between the groups in clinical competence one week after the intervention (P=0.128). Conclusion: All three methods were found to be similarly effective in improving clinical competence to manage PPH.
O R I G I N A L P A P E R.r . Knowledge and Attitudes of Nurses about Pain Management in Turkey

Background: Despite the growing awareness on pain management, mild and severe pain is still common among hospitalized patients. Inadequate treatment has been mostly linked to health care workers' failure to assess patients’ pain and to intervene appropriately. Objective: To determine the pain management knowledge and attitudes of the nurses working in training and research hospital in Turkey and their relationship to demographic and educational factors. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study design was used. The Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (NKASRP) was used to determine the pain-related knowledge and attitude of the nurses. Results: A total of 246 nurses were included in the study. The percentage working at a surgical unit was 48.8% and 77.2% were staff nurses. Only 11.8% had taken a pain management course and 31.7% had read a book or journal on pain. The rate of correct responses to the NKASRP scale was 39.65% while the mean number of correct answers to all questions was 15.86±7.33 with a range of 0 to 37. A statistically significant difference was found regarding education level, working unit, whether a pain management course had been taken, whether a book or journal on pain had been read, and the evaluation of the nurse's efficacy regarding pain (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found that the nurses did not have adequate knowledge and the positive attitude for pain management although it is a very important part of patient care. We suggest that results be taken into account when the content of graduate and postgraduate training programs is determined and guidelines are prepared.
Awareness regarding abortions and medical termination of pregnancy act among medical students in Puducherry, India

Background: Maternal mortality is an important indicator of women’s health and social well-being. According to the WHO report,each year, an estimated 190 women for every 100,000 live births die due to maternal causes. In India, unsafe abortion and related complications accounts for 9% of all maternal deaths. Abortion was made legal in India by the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) act, which was enacted by Indian Parliament in the year 1971. But the number of unsafe abortions has not declined. Methods: A present study was conducted by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, in Puducherry, India. All undergraduate students of VII th semester MBBS participated in the study. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the awareness and perceptions on abortion care and Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act in India. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 . Averages were calculated and chi square test was applied to find the significant difference. Results: Among a total of 75 participants, 41(54.7%) were female and 34 (45.3%) were male students. Majority of the students ( 97.3%) were aware of the fact that unsafe abortions are a serious health problem in India and all of the students ( 100.0%), were aware of the MTP Act of India. But only 36.0% students were aware of the fact, that consent from husband was not required to undergo abortion. To reduce the number of unsafe abortions in India majority of the medical students ( 45.3%) were of the opinion that easy access to MTP services in the community is an effective measure. Conclusions: Legalization of abortions through the MTP Act in India resulted in a considerable decrease in maternal mortality through the decline in abortions but it has failed to ensure effective implementation and access to medically safe abortion services. Training in basic contraceptive counseling and abortion care should be incorporated in basic medical education in India.
eVaLUaCiÓn de Una PRUeba RÁPida PaRa eL diaGnÓStiCo de MaLaRia en ÁReaS endÉMiCaS deL PeRÚ

ReSUMen Objetivos:�Evaluarlasensibilidad,�especificidadyvalorespredictivosdelapruebarapidabasadaenladetecciondela� pLDH (OptiMAL®) kit individual para el diagnostico de malaria en areas endemicas del Peru. Materiales y metodos: Estudio transversal realizado con pacientes febriles atendidos en centros de salud de la selva norte del Peru (San Martin y Loreto), de abril a diciembre de 2001. A cada paciente se le realizo la gota gruesa, la prueba OptiMAL® y densidad parasitaria en forma ciega, por personal local capacitado y luego en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Malaria. Secalculo�lasensibilidad�(S),�especificidad �(E),�valorpredictivopositivo�(VPP)�yvalorpredictivonegativo(VPN)�dela� prueba OptiMAL® en relacion a la gota gruesa para el diagnostico de malaria global y segun especie (P.falciparum y P.vivax). Resultados: Se incluyeron 346 muestras, 170 positivas. La prueba OptiMAL® tuvo niveles de S=95,7%, E=97,1%, VPP=97,7%, VPN=95,3% independientemente de la especie. Para P.falciparum tuvo S=90,5%, E=97,3%, VPP=67,9 y VPN=99.4%; en tanto que para P.vivax S=92,0%, E=99,0%, VPP=98,7% y VPN=93,5%. Las sensibilidades estratificadasporparasitemiafueron�97,0%�(>5000�parasitos/μL),�99%�(100-5000�p/μL)�y�50%�( 5000�parasites/µL),�99%�(100-5000�parasites/µL,�and�50%�(<100�parasites/µL). � Conclusions:�OptiMAL®�rapidtestisamethodwithgoodsensitivityandspecificityfordiagnosingmalaria,�anditcan� be used in places where laboratory or microscope facilities are not available.
Swansea Flying Start midwives and health visitors: Working together to tackle inequality

Health visitors have always been involved in providing early intervention and support for families, and are recognised for their contribution to improving community health and wellbeing. In Wales, Flying Start is the flagship early years programme for families with children under 4 years of age and is targeted at areas of deprivation. The programme aims to make a decisive difference to the life chances of children aged under 4 years, with key aims around reducing the effect of health inequality so that future outcomes for children can improve. In an attempt to achieve this, the local programme in Swansea has a strong commitment to integrated working. This article focuses on the benefits to clients of health visitors working in partnership with midwives to improve outcomes in both the antenatal and postnatal period.
Phineas Gage and the science of brain localisation

An injury with an improbable outcome that occurred to a to a railway foreman on 13 September 1848 had an influence on the science of localisation of brain function. Phineas Gage was the foreman of a railway construction crew working just outside Cavendish, Vermont. He was the company's most capable foreman with a well balanced mind and shrewd business sense. Gage was tamping an explosion charge. A tamping iron is a crowbar-like tool used to compact an explosive charge into the bottom of a borehole. The tamping iron used by Gage was 43 inches in length, 1.25 inches in diameter at one end, tapering over a distance of 12 inches to a diameter of 0.25 inches at the other end, and weighing about 13 pounds.Tamping involves packing of a charge into as small a space as possible at the point chosen for the explosion. An accidental explosion of the charge Phineas Gage …
Postnatal development of rats exposed to fluoxetine or venlafaxine during the third week of pregnancy

The aim of the present study was to compare the toxic effects of fluoxetine (F) (8 and 16 mg/kg) and venlafaxine (V) (40 and 80 mg/kg) administered during the third week of pregnancy on early development of rats. Both antidepressants were administered by gavage on pregnancy days 15 to 20 to groups of 10 to 12 animals each. Duration of gestation, food and water consumption, number of live pups and birth weight were recorded. Litters were culled to six pups at birth (day 1) and followed for growth until weaning (day 25). On day 60, a male and a female from each litter were injected with the 5-HT1 agonist, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (6 mg/kg, ip) and the serotonergic syndrome was graded. Fluoxetine but not venlafaxine reduced the duration of pregnancy when compared to the control (C) group (F = 21.1 days and C = 21.6 days, mean, P<0.02; maximum = 22 days and minimum = 21 days in both groups). The highest doses of both fluoxetine, 16 mg/kg (F16), and venlafaxine, 80 mg/kg (V80), reduced the food intake of pregnant rats, resulting in different rates of body weight gain during treatment (from pregnancy day 15 to day 20): F16 = 29.0 g, V80 = 28.7 g vs C = 39.5 g (median). Birth weight was influenced by treatment and sex (P<0.05; two-way ANOVA). Both doses of fluoxetine or venlafaxine reduced the body weight of litters; however, the body weight of litters from treated dams was equal to the weight of control litters by the time of weaning. At weaning there was no significant difference in weight between sexes. There was no difference among groups in number of live pups at birth, stillbirths, mortality during the lactation period or in the manifestation of serotonergic syndrome in adult rats. The occurrence of low birth weight among pups born to dams which did not show reduced food ingestion or reduction of body weight gain during treatment with lower doses of fluoxetine or venlafaxine suggests that these drugs may have a deleterious effect on prenatal development when administered during pregnancy. In addition, fluoxetine slightly but significantly affected the duration of pregnancy (about half a day), an effect not observed in the venlafaxine-treated groups.
Back to the Original Question in Endometriosis: Implantation or Metaplasia?

The pathogenesis of some forms of endometriosis is still controversial. Different research approaches have been used to clarify this issue and an intense debate has derived over the years among scientists. This paper presents and discusses aged and modern ideas derived from various observations in different research areas on this specific topic. More specifically, data derived from histological results, animal studies, anatomical findings and basic research activity are presented. Although an increasing body of evidence tends to support the implantation theory, which currently represents the most recognized pathogenic model for endometriosis, some aspects of this disease remain obscure and the scientific and medical communities have still not made significant progress in terms of completely elucidating the histogenesis of some forms of the disease.
Variabilidad estacional de la productividad primaria y su relación con la estratificación vertical en la Bahía de la Paz, B.C.S.

Primary productivity (pp) during October of 1996, March, April, May, June, July, September, November of 1997 and January of 1998, was estimated via natural fluorescence in La Paz bay. Simultaneously to pp vertical temperatura profiles (CTD) were registered to determine the structure of the water column, which was calculated by using the stratification index (? ) from 0 to 100 m depth. The highest average values in pp (16 mg C m-3 h-1) were observed during the spring and the minimum values of ? (50 J m-3) corresponded to a almost homogeneous water column. In contrast, to other seasons (summer and autumn), the pp fell to minimum values (2 to 5 mg C m-3 h-1), while ? increased significantly (249 and 347 J m-3). The results indicated a lineal dependence between pp and water column mixture (r2 = 0.62, p <0.05) during the summer months. Periods with high stratification seem to inhibit the fertilization on the surface layer, while the well mixed water column facilitate the fertilization process. Therefore, it is evident that the water column stratification in La Paz bay plays an important role mechanism that controls the pp and partially explains the seasonal variability.
Seeking the common beauty in the brain: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies of beautiful human faces and visual art

The existence of a common beauty is a long-standing debate in philosophy and related disciplines. In the last two decades, cognitive neuroscientists have sought to elucidate this issue by exploring the neural basis of the experience of beauty. Still, it is unclear whether different forms of beauty share a common neural structures. To address this question, we performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on the existing neuroimaging studies of beautiful faces and beautiful visual art. We observed that perceiving two forms of beauty activated distinct brain regions: while the beauty of faces was associated with activities in the left ventral striatum, the beauty of visual art was associated with the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC). There was no strong evidence for the common neural basis of different forms of beauty, although with a more liberal threshold, a small cluster at the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) was activated by both forms of beauty. The implications of these results are discussed.