Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Including foraging arena and top-down controls improves the modeling of trophic flows and fishing impacts in aquatic food webs

Food web dynamics consist of processes that affect ecosystem structure and functioning. EcoTroph (ET) is a recently developed approach and software for modeling aquatic ecosystems, articulated entirely around the trophic level concept. Here, we used ET to investigate impacts of 2 trophic controls (i.e. foraging arena and top-down controls) on marine ecosystem trophic flows and associated fishing effects. A new version of the ET model accounting for the foraging arena theory was developed. Cross impacts of the 2 trophic controls and different fishing scenarios were analyzed using a virtual ecosystem. Results showed that foraging arena controls decreased the resistance and production of an ecosystem facing increasing fishing mortality. In contrast, the inclusion of top-down controls resulted in a more resistant ecosystem, with a decrease in the kinetics of trophic flows at lower trophic levels (TLs) when the abundance of higher TLs is reduced by fishing. These 2 controls increased the interactions between TLs, and, in part, shaped fishing impacts at the ecosystem scale. Then, we applied ET to 3 real ecosystems which have been previously modeled using Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE). EcoTroph and Ecosim predictions related to changes in fishing effort were compared, and showed that accounting for trophic controls enabled EcoTroph to mimic Ecosim models, and better reflect associated changes in trophic flows. The 3 case studies exhibited different behaviors: while the pelagic ecosystem had strong foraging arena controls but no top-down controls, the other ecosystems were characterized by weaker foraging arena controls but effective top-down controls.
Seasonal variation in cold tolerance of the multicolored ladybeetle,Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) adults

In this study,seasonal variation in cold tolerance of Harmonia axyridis adults were investigated by measuring their supercooling point(SCP),water content,total fat content and cold survival ability.The results indicated that cold tolerance of the adults varied obviously with seasons.The pre-winter adults had higher tolerance to low temperature than the summer and post-winter adults.Summer adults with cold acclimation(5℃,5 d)before the occurrence of low temperatures showed higher cold tolerance.The SCPs and the water and fat content of the female and male adults varied remarkably in different seasons.The SCPs of female and male adults were highest in July(-7.6℃ and-8.0℃,respectively)while lowest in January(-18.1℃ and-16.9℃,respectively);the water contents of female and male adults were highest in September(66.87% and 68.01%,respectively)while lowest in February(52.94% and 51.53%,respectively). The SCP and water content of over-wintering adults were significantly lower than those in other seasons.But the total fat contents of pre-winter female and male adults(50.07% and 47.93%,respectively)were significantly higher than those in other seasons.
Tournaments

Cognitive correlates of the brain functional connectome abnormalities in pediatric patients with Multiple Sclerosis E. de Meo1, M.A. Rocca1, L. Moiola2, A. Ghezzi3, P. Veggiotti4, R. Capra5, M.P. Amato6, L. Vacchi1, A. Fiorino7, L. Pippolo8, M.C. Pera4, M. Copetti9, G. Comi7, A. Falini10, M. Filippi1 1Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, DIvision of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 2Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 3Multiple Sclerosis Study Center, Hospital of Gallarate, Gallarate, Italy, 4Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy, 5Regional Multiple Sclerosis Center, Presidio di Montichiari, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, 6Department of Neurology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, 7Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, 8Centro Studi Sclerosi Multipla, Ospedale di Gallarate, Gallarate, Italy, 9Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy, 10Neuroradiology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Benefits of the fixed‐ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 units/mL and lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes: A subgroup and time‐to‐control analysis of the LixiLan JP phase 3 trials

To explore the impact of baseline characteristics on clinical outcomes in the phase 3 LixiLan JP trials which evaluated the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi, a titratable fixed‐ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 units/mL (iGlar) and GLP‐1 RA lixisenatide (Lixi), vs Lixi (JP‐O1, NCT02749890) or iGlar (LixiLan JP‐O2, NCT02752828; JP‐L, NCT02752412) in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs; JP‐O1, JP‐O2) or OADs and basal insulin (JP‐L).
The systemic hallmarks of cancer

Cancer is not just a lump of cells that divide, invade, and spread randomly, but rather a multi-layered precisely tuned process that requires the participation of the whole organism. There is an urgent need to zoom-out from the cellular and the local stromal view and broaden our perspective by including the whole organism level. Geographically separated cancer tissues communicate between themselves, forming a system that interacts with the rest of the organism through cancer induced systemic pathogenic networks. In the present paper, I introduce six systemic hallmarks of cancer that emerge as a result of these interactions. I also describe several potential therapeutic approaches that can be developed using the cancer system concept. Overall, I argue that the tumoricentric paradigm should be replaced with a broader approach that brings into focus the “cancerized”
Investigating the role of innate lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid tissue

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging family of cells which have been well-characterised within the gut and peripheral tissues. Despite being implicated in shaping adaptive immune responses, relatively little is known about their function within lymph nodes (LNs), important sites for the generation of this type of response. The aim of this investigation was to characterise ILC populations within a range of different LNs, both at steady state and using a draining LN model to understand their role in an immune response. Mice in which a subset of ILC, or key functional molecules, are deficient will be used to better understand their function within LNs, with a focus on adaptive immune responses. My results reveal that ILCs are present in all LNs analysed, however, differences in the ILC composition of mucosal tissue and peripheral tissue-draining LNs indicate site-specific requirements for these cells. Differing dependencies on CCR7 for ILC entry into LNs were observed, consistent with migration of these cells into these secondary lymphoid tissues. Within LNs, group 3 ILCs were found to express major-histocompatibility complex class-II and specifically locate to sites where adaptive immune responses are initiated and maintained. Notably, ILCs accumulated in draining LNs following immunisation and whilst their roles here remain unclear they are unlikely to be involved in the priming of naive CD4+ T cells. In summary, I show that subsets of ILC3 are enriched in LNs which drain mucosal sites and can be found to locate to crucial sites within LNs following their entry by a CCR7-dependent mechanism. These data support a role for ILC3 in adaptive immune responses.
Treating cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest: The right place, the right time, the right equipment

The use of VA‐ECMO for patients with cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock in the cardiac catheterization laboratory may be associated with improved survival. Clinicians should be aware of a high complication rate of this therapy. Further data is needed to best select the appropriate form of mechanical circulatory support in this clinical context.
The Pareto distribution, asymmetric shape parameters, and equilibrium in an asymmetric Melitz model

Incorporating the homogeneous good sector into the Melitz model, we re-consider the �ndings in Demidova (2008, International Economic Review) that two countries have dif- ferent productivity distribution functions. Although the asymmetry of the productivity distribution function causes highly non-linear equations and incorporating the homoge- neous good sector yields the difference in markup rates between sectors, we graphically conclude that there are no multiple equilibria and no pure exporters, and that the ef- fects of trade liberalization on welfare are not qualitatively different from those in the one-sector Melitz model. Finally, supposing that trade specialization arises in the differ- entiated good sector, we con�rm the welfare impacts of trade liberalization.
Genetics of Daphnia obtusa: Genetic Load and Linkage Analysis in a Cyclical Parthenogen

Fardeau genetique dans des clones de l'espece cycliquement parthenogenique D.o. etudie par comparaison de la survie de descendances de croisements autofecondants avec la descendance de croisements exogames. Relations de linkage entre 3 allozymes
SEXUAL SELECTION IN THE GIFT‐GIVING DANCE FLY, RHAMPHOMYIA SULCATA, FAVORS SMALL MALES CARRYING SMALL GIFTS

Abstract . In some species of insects males transfer a gift to females during courtship or copulation. In the dance flies these nuptial gifts vary from nutritious prey items to inedible tokens such as a leaf, stone, or silk balloon. Nuptial gifts in dance flies are presumed to increase male mating success. We examined the strength and form of sexual selection on male Rhamphomyia sulcata, an empidid in which males provide females with a nutritious prey item as a nuptial gift. We found that whereas large males carried large gifts, neither large males nor gifts were targets of sexual selection. Indeed, correlational selection analysis and nonparametric examination of the fitness surfaces revealed that small males carrying small gifts were the most successful. Males may be more maneuverable or flight efficient with small gifts, or small males with large gifts may be unable to carry both a large gift and a female in the paired descent flight. These results suggest carrying constraints may be an important factor in determining selection on nuptial gift size. The largest target of sexual selection was old males. Old males were also paired with the largest and most fecund females, highlighting the role mate quality can further contribute to selection on males. Correlational selection analysis also revealed selection for an increase in covariance between male wing length and body size, and for an increase in slope between these traits. Males who deviate away from the optimal phenotypic relationship for two tightly related morphological traits, such as tibia and wing length, may have overall reduced performance. These findings highlight the role correlational sexual selection can play in optimizing nonsexual male morphology and scaling relationships. This study questions the role of the nuptial gift in dance flies as a resource for females.
3D facial morphometry in Italian patients affected by Aicardi syndrome

Aicardi syndrome (AIC) is a rare congenital neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology, that affects almost exclusively females, originally characterized by corpus callosum agenesis, chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms. The current diagnostic criteria also include qualitative facial features (prominent premaxilla, upturned nasal tip, decreased nasal bridge angle, sparse lateral eyebrows, and microphthalmia) that still need quantification. A three‐dimensional (3D) photogrammetric assessment of 11 Italian females, age 7–32 years, who satisfied AIC criteria, was performed. Linear distances and angles were computed from soft‐tissue facial landmarks coordinates. The z‐score values were calculated using data of 850 healthy reference females matched for age and compared by Mann–Whitney test (p < .01). Patients showed a shorter philtrum and right side orbital height (mean z‐scores: −1.7, −0.9), shorter superior, middle, and inferior facial depths (mean z‐scores: −1.3, −2.2, −2.3), and a smaller length of mandibular ramus (mean z‐score: −2.1); conversely, they showed larger nasal and lower facial widths, and lower facial convexity (mean z‐scores: 1.7, 1.4, 2.4). The inclinations of the orbit versus the true horizontal were increased bilaterally (mean z‐scores: 1.8, 1.1). Some common facial abnormalities were quantified in AIC patients using a noninvasive instrument. They may help clinicians in performing a definite AIC diagnosis in atypical or doubt cases.
Genetic risk factors in prediction and treatment of chronic post-surgical pain

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NATURAL SELECTION AND QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS IN WESTERN WOMEN: A TWIN STUDY

Whether contemporary human populations are still evolving as a result of natural selection has been hotly debated. For natural selection to cause evolutionary change in a trait, variation in the trait must be correlated with fitness and be genetically heritable and there must be no genetic constraints to evolution. These conditions have rarely been tested in human populations. In this study, data from a large twin cohort were used to assess whether selection will cause a change among women in a contemporary Western population for three life‐history traits: age at menarche, age at first reproduction, and age at menopause. We control for temporal variation in fecundity (the “baby boom” phenomenon) and differences between women in educational background and religious affiliation. University‐educated women have 35% lower fitness than those with less than seven years education, and Roman Catholic women have about 20% higher fitness than those of other religions. Although these differences were significant, education and religion only accounted for 2% and 1% of variance in fitness, respectively. Using structural equation modeling, we reveal significant genetic influences for all three life‐history traits, with heritability estimates of 0.50, 0.23, and 0.45, respectively. However, strong genetic covariation with reproductive fitness could only be demonstrated for age at first reproduction, with much weaker covariation for age at menopause and no significant covariation for age at menarche. Selection may, therefore, lead to the evolution of earlier age at first reproduction in this population. We also estimate substantial heritable variation in fitness itself, with approximately 39% of the variance attributable to additive genetic effects, the remainder consisting of unique environmental effects and small effects from education and religion. We discuss mechanisms that could be maintaining such a high heritability for fitness. Most likely is that selection is now acting on different traits from which it did in pre‐industrial human populations.
The allocation of household-based forest protection contracts in Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam: Elite capture as a bureaucratic impulse against community capture

Abstract This article examines the characteristics of households that were allocated paid forest protection contracts in Tam Dao National Park situated in northern Vietnam. Its research indicates that the national park management board systematically favored households with weaker community ties in their contract allocations. Furthermore, the article argues that the national park management board took a defensive stance against buffer zone communes resisting park policy and that they also attempted to manage forest conservation by centralizing the allocation and management of forest protection contracts. These circumstances led to an inequitable distribution of rights and continued land use inside the park, as contract holders were powerless to enforce park regulations.
Antibacterial and bactericide activity of lactic acid against three strains of food-borne pathogenic bacteria

Three strains of food-borne pathogenic micro organisms,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus,were selected for antibacterial and bactericide activity of lactic acid.The growth of food-borne pathogenic bacteria was inhibited in the presence of the lactic acid.Minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC) and minimal bactericide concentration of lactic acid were determined.Lactic acid MIC and MBC values for the tested strains were as follows:1.8 mg/mL(MIC),3.6 mg/mL(MBC);3.6 mg/mL(MIC),7.2 mg/mL(MBC);0.9 mg/mL(MIC),1.8 mg/mL(MBC) for Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Escherichia coli,respectively.The generation time of three strains was also determined.In the presence of the lactic acid,an increase of the generation time was observed for all the tested strains.Escherichia coli was the most sensitive strain showing an increase of the generation time by 128%. Flow cytometry has been used to study antibiotic effects of lactic acid on Escherichia coli membrane potential(MP). Lactic acid has an effect on the Escherichia coli membrane potential.An increase in the magnitude of MP was observed with the increase of the lactic acid concentration.
Biofeedback Sensors in Game Telemetry Research

Analytics is one of the new research trends in digital games’ industry. It consists of analyzing the variables collected during a game session in order to improve game designing and collaborate with gamer behavior research as well. These data may be acquired from the game itself, such as level progression, session duration and the user’s overall performance; or from the users, like heartbeat, brain activity, gaze movement or any indication of attention, fun or boredom. The automatic process used to capture such data is called game telemetry. Several studies have been proposing different ways to apply measurement techniques and to employ speciﬁc sensors to collect user data. This study aims to survey the uses of biofeedback sensors in recent research, in the context of game data telemetry. The devices will be described and their reliability aspects will be outlined to better summarize the survey. The results shown here intend to assist researchers interested in obtaining information on sensors and methods applied in game telemetry.
Third Factor in the development of P *

We take language variation to be brought about by experience, and consider the impact of factors reducing complexity, so called ‘third factor’ in Chomsky (2005), on language evolution and variation. Following Di Sciullo (2011), we consider symmetry breaking as part of the third factor. We further substantiate this hypothesis on the basis of the development of Prepositions (P) in the phylogeny of Indo European languages. First, we define the general properties of a model of language development taking into consideration the third factor. Second, we relate symmetry breaking in developmental biology to language development. Third, we consider the predictions of this hypothesis and present empirical evidence supporting it. Fourth, we discuss the properties of the computational procedure deriving the variation in the development of P. In the last section, we summarize the results.
Future changes in isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) under the shared socioeconomic pathways: the importance of explicit chemistry

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a dominant contributor of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere, but the complexity of SOA formation chemistry hinders the accurate representation of SOA in models. Volatility-based SOA parameterizations have been adopted in many recent chemistry modeling studies and have shown a reasonable performance compared to observations. However, assumptions made in these empirical parameterizations can lead to substantial errors when applied to future climatic conditions as they do not include the mechanistic understanding of processes but are rather fitted to laboratory studies of SOA formation. This is particularly the case for SOA derived from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX-SOA), for which we have a higher level of understanding of the fundamental processes than is currently parameterized in most models. We predict future SOA concentrations using an explicit mechanism, and compare the predictions with the empirical parameterization based on the volatility basis set (VBS) approach. We then use the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2.1.0) with detailed isoprene chemistry and reactive uptake processes for the middle and end of the 21st century under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs): SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. With the explicit chemical mechanism, we find that IEPOX-SOA is predicted to increase on average under all future SSP scenarios, however with some variability in the results depending on regions and the scenario chosen. Isoprene emission is the main driver of IEPOX-SOA changes in the future climate, but IEPOX-SOA yield from isoprene emission also changes by up to 50 % depending on the SSP scenario, in particular due to different sulfur emissions. We conduct sensitivity simulations with and without CO2 inhibition of isoprene emissions that is highly uncertain, which results in a factor of two differences in the predicted IEPOX-SOA global burden, especially for the high-CO2 scenarios (SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5). Aerosol pH also plays a critical role in the IEPOX-SOA formation rate, requiring accurate calculation of aerosol pH in chemistry models. On the other hand, isoprene SOA calculated with the VBS scheme predicts nearly constant SOA yield from isoprene emission across all SSP scenarios, as a result, it mostly follows isoprene emissions regardless of region and scenario. This is because the VBS scheme does not consider heterogeneous chemistry, in other words, there is no dependency on aerosol properties. The discrepancy between the explicit mechanism and VBS parameterization in this study is likely to occur for other SOA components as well, which may also have dependencies that cannot be captured by VBS parameterizations. This study highlights the need for more explicit chemistry, or for parameterizations that capture the dependence on key physico-chemical drivers when predicting SOA concentrations for climate studies.
Human capital and the probability of divorce

Concern about the high poverty rates experienced by children in female-headed households has led to policies aimed at increasing these households income. In this paper we present a model that analyzes decisions made before and during marriage to invest in the human capital of parents and children. These decisions result from a variety of anticipated postdivorce monetary transfers between spouses. JFL Classi cation: J12, J13, J18, J24
A view into American grapevine history: Vitis vinifera cv. 'Sémillon' is an ancestor of 'Catawba' and 'Concord'

The Vitis vinifera background of 'Catawba' and 'Concord' was investigated by using SSR analysis: 'Semillon' was shown to be an ancestor of 'Catawba', while the wild parent remains unknown. 'Concord' was confirmed to be an offspring of 'Catawba' and another unknown wild parent. Since these two important American varieties most likely resulted from random natural crosses and successful selection, the original, wild growing wild donors remain unknown.