Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can innovative knowledge management platforms lead to corporate innovation? Evidence from academician workstations in China

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the role of government-led innovative knowledge management platforms in innovation knowledge management, social network effects and innovative resource clusters in the context of academician workstations in China. Specifically, this paper empirically studies the impact of academician workstations on corporate innovation capabilities and the mechanisms behind this impact. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the propensity matching score method and difference-in-differences method to test the relationship between academician workstations and corporate innovation capabilities. Baron and Kenny’s (1986) mediation method is used to test two potential mechanisms. Findings Academician workstations significantly improve corporate innovation capabilities because of their contribution to knowledge and innovation management. The facilitation effects are stronger in non-state-owned firms, high-tech firms and firms in industries with low levels of competition. Further, academician workstations enhance corporate innovation capabilities through their funding effect. Practical implications This paper encourages policymakers to create a better market environment and stable support policies to facilitate sustainable scientific and technological innovation. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to empirically analyse the impacts of innovative knowledge management platforms on corporate innovation. It enriches the theoretical perspective of innovation platforms and provides an excellent research perspective for effectively analysing the impacts of innovation platforms. This study also contributes to the literature on the determinants of innovation.
Effect of Government Grants on Private Giving to East Asian Nonprofits

For effective financial management, social work managers must clearly grasp the relationship between government grants and private contributions, which is frequently characterized as crowding-out effects. Crowding-out effects have been investigated for various types of nonprofits in the U.S., and the results have been mixed. In spite of its popularity in nonprofit research, the theory has not been applied to nonprofits serving minority communities. This is the first pilot crowding-out study looking at East Asian nonprofit organizations, including Chinese, Korean, and Japanese-American nonprofits in the NY and NJ metropolitan area (n = 410). Through a panel analysis, the current study found a significant crowding-in effect for donations to East Asian-American nonprofits (p < .01). The relationship between government grants and private giving was different for each East Asian-American nonprofit organization. Particularly, donors of Chinese and Japanese-American nonprofit organizations donated more money when their charities received more government grants (p < .05). In contrast, we found crowding-out effects for Korean-American nonprofit organizations, but the result was not significant (p > .05). The estimated crowding-in effects of government grants on private giving by each of the East Asian countries were explicated based on each country’s social, political, and cultural background such as the quality of the charity, transparency, and political trust. Social work managers in ethnic nonprofit organizations should establish different strategies to help shape donor giving patterns according to the effect of government grants.
Association of alkaline phosphatase activity with inheritance of Cry1Ac resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

A number of putative Cry toxin receptors have been identified in various insect midgut epithelia, of which alkaline phosphatase activity has been proposed to be closely associated with the resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to Bt toxin. In the present study, midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) preparations from resistant and susceptible population of H. armigera were assayed for marker enzyme specifically alkaline phosphatase so as to understand the association of the levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of Cry 1Ac resistance. Also, the association of the levels of alkaline phosphatase activity in relation to the mode of inheritance of Cry1Ac through their F1, backcrosses and F2 progenies were examined. Identification and characterization of Cry toxin receptors in the midgut of H. armigera has a very important role in clarifying the Bt toxicology and its resistance mechanism so as to sustain long term use of Bt cotton. In our study, the specific acitivity of alkaline phosphatase was 108.10 and 160.93 µM/min/µg of protein, respectively for resistant and susceptible population. Alkaline phosphatase activity was observed to be more in Cry1Ac susceptible population as compared to the resistant population. The mean larval alkaline phosphatase of the resistant and susceptible parents (p=0.025) differed significantly, thus suggesting the association of decreased APN activity in resistant population. Maternal effects on inheritance of Cry1Ac resistance development was observed in F1 progenies while nuclear effect was observed in backcrosses and F2 progenies. Hence, it became clear from the study that the Cry1Ac resistance in the H. armigera population is conferred by alteration of the larval midgut binding to the Cry toxins.
Phytochemical screening of bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) and antimicrobial activity test

The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of rosella infusa ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Antimicrobial inhibition test using infusa of rosella ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria at a concentration of infusa 100%; 75%; and 50%. The concentration has highest potential antibacterial of infusa for Staphylococcus aureus is 100% witch has diameter of 13.6 mm and for Escherichia coli bacteria is 100%, its show that diameter of zone inhibitory zone is 13.3 mm. The Results of phytochemical screening show that infusa of rosella ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) contains flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Based on the data above show that the infusa of rosella flower has high antibacterial potential. Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. , antimicrobial activity , Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
Afghan EFL students’ difficulties and strategies in learning and understanding English idioms

Abstract The study investigated the attitude of Afghan undergraduate EFL students towards the importance of learning English idioms, sources of difficulties in learning and understanding them, and strategies used to learn and understand idioms. It also explored the impact of students’ gender and first language on their responses. The data were collected from 337 students majoring in English language and literature through a questionnaire. SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that Afghan undergraduate EFL students had a very strong positive attitude towards the importance of learning idioms. The study also showed that EFL learners were aware of the difficulty of learning idioms. Their difficulties mainly came from lack of cultural knowledge behind idioms, lack of analogues for English idioms in their first language, and lack of context. Furthermore, students used numerous strategies to learn and understand idioms. Afghan EFL students’ gender and first language had no significant impact on their responses. The study recommends Afghan EFL instructors to incorporate idioms in their teaching activities.
Unequal Access to Food During the Nutritional Transition: Evidence from Mediterranean Spain

Unequal access to food is one of the main issues in nutritional history, but scarcity of sources has hampered the quantification of this phenomenon. This study uses hospital diets to address this gap. It uses records from between 1852 and 1923 concerning hospital diets in the psychiatric section of the Hospital General de Valencia (Spain), from which it is possible to infer the actual intake of nutrients for six groups of patients and members of staff. The results reveal considerable differences in terms of diet and nutrition. While the most favoured groups (nuns and well&#8208;off patients) had by 1852 reduced their relative intake of cereals and increased that of meat, in line with the general trend of the nutritional transition, the poor and orphans were still behind the trend by 1923. Hospital staff were on a high&#8208;calorie diet that was adequate for carrying out physically demanding tasks, yet still suffered from a significant deficit in nutrient intake. These inequalities indicate that the nutritional transition was an uneven and non&#8208;linear process, with substantial differences according to social group.
Visual speech cues speed processing and reduce effort for children listening in quiet and noise

Abstract Processing speech can be slow and effortful for children, especially in adverse listening conditions, such as the classroom. This can have detrimental effects on children’s academic achievement. We therefore asked whether primary school children’s speech processing could be made faster and less effortful via the presentation of visual speech cues (speaker’s facial movements), and whether any audio-visual benefit would be modulated by the presence of noise or by characteristics of individual participants. A phoneme monitoring task with concurrent pupillometry was used to measure 7- to 11-year-old children’s speech processing speed and effort, with and without visual cues, in both quiet and noise. Results demonstrated that visual cues to speech can facilitate children’s speech processing, but that these benefits may also be subject to variability according to children’s motivation. Children showed faster processing and reduced effort when visual cues were available, regardless of listening condition. However, examination of individual variability revealed that the reduction in effort was driven by the children who performed better on a measure of phoneme isolation (used to quantify how difficult they found the phoneme monitoring task).
A flexible template generation and matching method with applications for publication reference metadata extraction

Conventional rule‐based approaches use exact template matching to capture linguistic information and necessarily need to enumerate all variations. We propose a novel flexible template generation and matching scheme called the principle‐based approach (PBA) based on sequence alignment, and employ it for reference metadata extraction (RME) to demonstrate its effectiveness. The main contributions of this research are threefold. First, we propose an automatic template generation that can capture prominent patterns using the dominating set algorithm. Second, we devise an alignment‐based template‐matching technique that uses a logistic regression model, which makes it more general and flexible than pure rule‐based approaches. Last, we apply PBA to RME on extensive cross‐domain corpora and demonstrate its robustness and generality. Experiments reveal that the same set of templates produced by the PBA framework not only deliver consistent performance on various unseen domains, but also surpass hand‐crafted knowledge (templates). We use four independent journal style test sets and one conference style test set in the experiments. When compared to renowned machine learning methods, such as conditional random fields (CRF), as well as recent deep learning methods (i.e., bi‐directional long short‐term memory with a CRF layer, Bi‐LSTM‐CRF), PBA has the best performance for all datasets.
Nitrogen Utilization from Ammonium Nitrate and Urea Fertilizer by Irrigated Sugarcane in Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol

Sugarcane is the most promising among renewable biofuel-producing crops. An adequate availability of water and nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), is of utmost importance. From the hypothesis that the source and the rate of N fertilization influence the N use efficiency of an irrigated soil–sugarcane system, this study aimed to evaluate the stalk and crop residues (pointer and leaves) yield, as well as the N utilization, from different rates of ammonium nitrate and urea by irrigated sugarcane in the cane plant cycle, using an 15N isotopic dilution technique. The soil used for the experiment was an Oxisol (Rhodic Haplustox) Cerrado (savannah) phase. The experiment was carried out at a farm of the Raizen Mill, which was located in the municipality of Jatai, Goias State, Brazil. The sugarcane variety IACSP95–5000 was used in a randomized block design, with three replicates, four N rates (30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1), and two fertilizer sources labeled with 15N isotopes (urea and ammonium nitrate). The average value for N utilization was 60.17% for the ammonium nitrate source and 44.95% for urea. The responses in the percentage and quantity of N in the sugarcane from the fertilizer increase with the increasing N rate. The soil was the main N source for sugarcane. The higher stalk and pointer yield was recorded at the average rate of 143.61 kg N ha−1. Further studies are needed to evaluate the residual effect of N in the next cycles.
Assessment of road infrastructures in Iraq according to safe system requirements: case study Old Baquba-Baghdad rural road sections

Safe system is a new vision recommended by global organisation interested in achieving safer road system in the world. Methodologies have been developed to consider this approach in assessing the safety level of new and existing road infrastructures in most of the world countries. In Iraq, most of the conducted studies investigated the road safety level at aggregated national scale. However, there are no studies consider the safe system approach in assessing the road safety situation. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the road safety level at road section scale according to the safe system approach. For this, international methodologies were reviewed to select the most appropriate one. The international road assessment programme (iRAP) was selected as it has been recommended by the UN and WHO. The old Baquba-Baghdad rural road which is a two way-two lane road was selected for this study. The necessary data was collected from a previous study and from field observations, and then was processed using the iRAP programme to quantify the risk scores and the star rating of head-on overtaking crashes for vehicle occupants as this is the most common crashes recorded at the selected sections. The results showed that the star rating of the study road is one to two which reflects the dangerous situation. Therefore, four countermeasures were suggested to improve the level of safety, three of them has been already implemented which are upgrading some sections to four lane road with separated physical median and improving the skid resistance of the road surface. The results of assessment after improvement showed that the implemented improvements may reduce the fatalities rate by about 60% and upgrade the star rating to 3 in some sections and less in others. Therefore, it is recommended to upgrade the two lanes sections to four lanes and extend the physical separation median to all these sections which will eliminate the risk of the head-on overtaking crashes as the results of the assessment produced.
Winter feeding influences the cost of living in boreal passerines

The plastic regulation of internal energy reserves is acknowledged as the main adaptive response to winter conditions of resident small birds in northern latitudes, a strategy that may be altered whenever human-supple-mented food is available. We investigated the effects of supplementary feeding on the energy management strategy of two wild passerine species, the Willow Tit Poecile montanus and Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus , wintering in boreal conditions by measuring body mass and the energy cost of living, i.e. basal metabolic rate. Individuals of both species were heavier, larger and exhibited a higher energy cost of living when captured at the feeders than were individuals captured away from feeders. Fed Willow Tits expended more energy in maintenance, although this difference disappeared once mass was accounted for. Conversely, Blue Tits at feeders had higher mass-adjusted energy cost of living, but only at low ambient temperatures. The results indicate that winter feeding has species-speci ﬁ c effects on overall energy management strategy and modi ﬁ es the response to environmental conditions of wintering passerines.
Language Issue in German Higher Education Internationalization: Ideologies, Management and Practices for English-Medium Instruction

Employing document analysis and corpus-assisted discourse analysis, this study examines the language ideologies in German higher education internationalization policies and strategies, across European, German federal and university levels. It further investigates how these policies and strategies relate to the English-medium instruction practices in German universities, adopting Spolsky’s (2004, 2009) framework for language policy analysis. Results show that all institutions at the three levels recognize the role of EMI in promoting the higher education internationalization, but their policy documents adopt evasive attitudes towards EMI to varying degrees. The internationalization policies at the European level show the most tendency to evade the language issue, especially English, while the German federal internationalization documents include more contents about language, even EMI, and they are concerned about promoting the German language alongside English. At the university level, the welcoming attitudes towards EMI are displayed most overtly in the internationalization strategies and the rapid development trend and the predominant English-only type of EMI programs. The study underscores the potential benefits of a multilayered analysis of higher education internationalization policies and EMI practices, and the universities’ important role in balancing the English and the national language in the higher education domain.
40‐TFLOPS artificial intelligence processor with function‐safe programmable many‐cores for ISO26262 ASIL‐D

The proposed AI processor architecture has high throughput for accelerating the neural network and reduces the external memory bandwidth required for processing the neural network. For achieving high throughput, the proposed super thread core (STC) includes 128 × 128 nano cores operating at the clock frequency of 1.2 GHz. The function‐safe architecture is proposed for a fault‐tolerance system such as an electronics system for autonomous cars. The general‐purpose processor (GPP) core is integrated with STC for controlling the STC and processing the AI algorithm. It has a self‐recovering cache and dynamic lockstep function. The function‐safe design has proved the fault performance has ASIL D of ISO26262 standard fault tolerance levels. Therefore, the entire AI processor is fabricated via the 28‐nm CMOS process as a prototype chip. Its peak computing performance is 40 TFLOPS at 1.2 GHz with the supply voltage of 1.1 V. The measured energy efficiency is 1.3 TOPS/W. A GPP for control with a function‐safe design can have ISO26262 ASIL‐D with the single‐point fault‐tolerance rate of 99.64%.
What is an Accelerator? The Case for a Pluralist Conceptualization

The past decade has seen a marked rise in research on entrepreneurial accelerators. Efforts to develop a conceptual definition of the accelerator initially lagged behind this surge, but have recently begun to emerge in published articles. We explore this conceptual evolution as a case study of how scholars respond to new entrepreneurial phenomena. By first analyzing 48 academic definitions of the accelerator, we demonstrate an increasing convergence on Cohen and Hochberg’s (2014) definition. By then analyzing practitioner understandings of the accelerator phenomenon using textual data from the websites of 73 accelerators, we find that practitioner understandings exhibit similarities to — but also some important differences from — the emerging academic conceptualization. We discuss the significance of this finding in light of the apparent convergence on a single academic definition of the accelerator, which, while conducive to efficient theory generation, might come at the expense of deep insight into the phenomenon. Mindful of this risk, and informed by our research findings, we make the case for a pluralist conceptualization by outlining four ways of viewing what accelerators can be: facilitators of new venture growth, vehicles for personal development, communities of practice, and strategic symbols. In light of the novel and continuously evolving nature of many entrepreneurial phenomena, we conclude by discussing the theoretical benefits of pluralist conceptualizations for the field of entrepreneurship as a whole.
An assessment of academic library services: international and domestic students perspectives

Information literacy is defined as discrete abilities that a person requires to have in order to find, assess, use and share information. As information literacy skills play a prominent role in the students' academic achievement, students and in particular international students coming to continue their postgraduate studies in other countries may face problems in finding and using library services. The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the information literacy skills, challenges and needs of international and domestic students at the Finnish universities. ,This paper uses a mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected through an online survey (82 respondents) and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 international and 10 domestic students. ,Academic library services are used but in different ways. The findings indicate that international students have a relatively low level of information literacy skills compared to domestic students and faces various challenges, especially in the beginning of their studies. ,The study was exploratory, and data were collected from limited number of Finnish universities and may not be representative of the underlying population. ,Academic libraries should provide effective courses on research methods and library services to the international students while keeping in mind the international students language and cultural barriers. ,This is one of the first attempts in information literacy research that focusses on international and domestic students' information literacy skills at the higher education environment. As such, the results provided in this paper can help librarians and decision-makers at the higher education environments to plan better and become more efficient in delivering information services meeting students' information needs and expectations.