Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimated Fetal Weight; A Comparison between Clinical and Ultrasonographical Measurements

Objective: To determine which method (clinical or ultrasonogrpahic) is more accurate in the estimation of fetal weights by comparing these methods with actual birth weights. Methodology: It was a prospective and comparative study of 100 women at term gestation admitted in KRL General Hospital,Islamabad from July 2018 to Dec 2018. Patients of different parities at term were included.Their ultrasound scans for fetal weight were performed within last 1 week.Johnson’s formula and Dare’s formula were used for clinical met hod of fetal weight estimation.Hadlock’s formula was used for ultrasonographic estimation of fetal weight.A comparison between estimated and actu al birth weights was made after delivery. All statistical data was analysed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 software. Results: It was seen that <500g error was given by ultrasound in 77% of the participants,by Dare’s method in 57% and by Johnson’s method in 47 % participants. Ultrasound gave >1000g error in only 3% of patients, whi le Johnson’s and Dare’s formulae gave it in 15% of patients each. The a verage error given by ultrasound (361.36+277.78g) was significantly lower than by Johnson’s method (585.74+343.62g) and Dare’s method (521.52+370.86g). There was statistically significa nt difference between fetal weights estimated by clinical methods and actual birth weights (P value <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between measurements by ultrasound scan and actual birth weights (P value= 0.289). Conclusion: Fe tal weight estimation by ultrasound scan is better than by clinical methods (Johnson’s and Dare’s methods). Among the clinical methods Dare’s method is more reliable than Johnson’s method in the estimation of fetal weight.
PPi: Pretraining Brain Signal Model for Patient-independent Seizure Detection

Automated seizure detection is of great importance to epilepsy diagnosis and treat-ment. An emerging method used in seizure detection, stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), can provide detailed and stereoscopic brainwave information. However, modeling SEEG in clinical scenarios will face challenges like huge domain shift between different patients and dramatic pattern evolution among different brain areas. In this study, we propose a P retraining-based model for P atient-i ndependent seizure detection (PPi) to address these challenges. Firstly, we design two novel self-supervised tasks which can extract rich information from abundant SEEG data while preserving the unique characteristics between brain signals recorded from different brain areas. Then two techniques, channel background subtraction and brain region enhancement , are proposed to effectively tackle the domain shift problem. Extensive experiments show that PPi outperforms the SOTA baselines on two public datasets and a real-world clinical dataset collected by us, which demonstrates the effectiveness and practicability of PPi. Finally, visualization analysis illustrates the rationality of the two domain generalization techniques.
Informed consent in surgical practice with patients’ experiences: Informed consent in surgical practice with patients’ experiences: A cross-sectional study A cross-sectional study

This study aims to evaluate patients' experiences and perspectives regarding informed consent in surgical practice. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from 276 patients using a questionnaire developed by Falagas et al. Descriptive statistics were employed for all questions. Statistical tests such as the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis were performed, and Cohen's effect sizes were reported. IBM SPSS 23.0 was used for all analyses, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. A high score on both The Delivered Information Index and The Patient-Physician Index represents a positive informed consent process. Among the participants, 65.2% indicated that they understood all parts of the consent form. Of all patients, 92.8% reported that information about the specific surgical procedure was provided by physicians. However, 47.5% of the patients reported that they did not feel comfortable with their surgeons. The mean score of the Delivered Information Index was 5.63 (2.38). The mean patient-physician relationship score was 14.38 (3.31). There was a moderate positive correlation between the delivered information index and the patient-physician relationship (r=0.50; p<0.001). In addition, there was a moderate positive correlation between the delivered information index and the time spent on the informed consent process, as well as between the patient-physician relationship and the time spent on the informed consent process (r=0.52; r=0.40, respectively). The study emphasized the lack of communication between patients and physicians, the limitation of information on treatment risks, adverse effects, and alternative treatment options.
Cholangiocyte Organoids to Model Chlorpromazine-Induced Bile Duct Injury

Background Drug induced bile duct injury is a frequently observed clinical problem leading to a wide range of pathological features. During the past decades, several agents have been identi�ed with various postulated mechanisms of bile duct damage, however, mostly still poorly understood. Methods Here, we investigated the mechanisms of chlorpromazine(CPZ) induced bile duct injury using advanced in vitro cholangiocyte cultures. Intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) were driven into mature cholangiocyte like cells (CLCs), which were exposed to CPZ under cholestatic or non-cholestatic conditions through the addition of a bile acid cocktail. Results CPZ caused loss of monolayer integrity by reducing expression levels of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1), E-cadherin 1 (CDH1) and lysyl oxidase homolog 2 (LOXL2). Loss of zonula occuludens-1 (ZO-1) and E-cadherin was con�rmed by immunostaining after exposure to CPZ and rhodamine-123 leakage further con�rmed disruption of the cholangiocyte barrier function. Furthermore, oxidative stress seemed to play a major role in the early damage response by CPZ. The drug also decreased expression of three main basolateral bile acid transporters, ABCC3 (ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3), SLC51A/B (solute carrier family 51 subunit alpha/beta) and multidrug resistance transporter ABCB1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1), thereby contributing to bile acid accumulation. CPZ did not induce an in�ammatory response by itself, but addition of TNF α revealed a synergistic effect. Conclusion These results show that ICOs present a model to identify toxic drugs affecting the bile ducts while providing mechanistic insights into hepatotoxicity.
Comptes Rendus Mathématique

In this paper, we study the relative homological dimension based on the class of projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules (PGF-modules), that were introduced by Saroch and Stovicek in [26]. The resulting PGF-dimension of modules has several properties in common with the Gorenstein projective dimension,therelativehomologicaltheorybasedontheclassofGorensteinprojectivemodules.Inparticular, there is a hereditary Hovey triple in the category of modules of finite PGF-dimension, whose associated homotopy category is triangulated equivalent to the stable category of PGF-modules. Studying the finiteness of the PGF global dimension reveals a connection between classical homological invariants of left and right modules over the ring, that leads to generalizations of certain results by Jensen [24], Gedrich and Gruenberg [17] that were originally proved in the realm of commutative Noetherian rings. Funding. Research supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (H.F.R.I.) under the “1st Call for H.F. R.I. Research Projects to support Faculty members and Researchers and the procurement of high-cost research equipment grant”, project number 4226.
Psychometric Properties and Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the Spanish Version of the Alcohol Expectancies Questionnaire Short Form among Young Adult Binge Drinkers

Background: Longitudinal Measurement Invariance (LMI) is critically important to evaluate changes in the alcohol expectancies over time. However, few studies have yet explored the longitudinal properties of the Spanish EQ-SF. Objectives: To examine the reliability, sources of validity (structural and concurrent validity), and LMI of the Spanish short version of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire in a sample of young adults who engage in binge drinking. Methods: The participants (n = 279; Mean age = 21.33, SD = 2.15; 48.4% female) completed the Spanish EQ-SF, and two months later they completed this measure again, along with measures to alcohol use, drinking motives, and protective behavioral strategies (PBS). Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to identify which of two proposed models provided the best-fitting factor structure. We aimed to determine whether the best-fitting model was invariant across assessments and to evaluate the predictive validity and reliability of the scores. Results: Our findings revealed that the eight-factor intercorrelated model provided the best fit. This model was invariant across assessments, providing evidence for longitudinal measurement invariance. Moreover, the scores showed adequate reliability (.68 to .90) and predictive validity (i.e., positive alcohol expectancies were positively related to alcohol use and drinking motives and negatively related to PBS). Conclusion: Our results support the reliability, validity, and temporal invariance of the EQ-SF scores among Spanish young adults with binge drinking patterns. The evidence supports the suitability of this measure for accurately assessing changes in alcohol expectancies over time in interventions aimed at preventing binge drinking in young adults.
Tuberculosis-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Diagnostic Challenges and Determinants of Outcome

Background Tuberculosis (TB) can induce secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a severe inflammatory syndrome with high mortality. To improve insight into optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies, we integrated all published reports of adult HIV-negative TB-associated HLH (TB-HLH) globally to define clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches associated with improved survival. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Global Index Medicus were searched for eligible records. TB-HLH cases were categorized into patients with a confirmed TB diagnosis receiving antituberculosis treatment while developing HLH, and patients presenting with HLH of unknown cause later diagnosed with TB. We integrated patients' clinical characteristics, diagnostic test results, and pre-specified parameters associated with survival into a logistic regression model. Results We identified 115 individually reported cases, 45 (39.1%) from low TB incidence countries (<10/100.000 per year). Compared to HLH patients with known TB (n=21), patients with HLH of unknown cause (n=94), more often had extrapulmonary TB (88.3% vs. 66.7%), while the opposite was true for pulmonary disease (59.6% vs. 91.5%). Overall, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in the bone marrow in 78.4% of patients for whom examination was reported (n=74). Only 10.5% (4/38) of patients tested had a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release assay. In-hospital survival was 71.9% (69/96) in those treated for TB and 0% (18/18) in those who did not receive antituberculosis treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions Tuberculosis should be considered as a cause of unexplained HLH. TB-HLH is probably under-reported, and the diagnostic work-up of HLH patients should include bone marrow examination for evidence of M. tuberculosis infection. Prompt initiation of antituberculosis treatment will likely improve survival.
Gait variability of outdoor vs treadmill walking with bilateral robotic ankle exoskeletons under proportional myoelectric control

Lower limb robotic exoskeletons are often studied in the context of steady-state treadmill walking in laboratory environments. However, the end goal of these devices is often adoption into our everyday lives. To move outside of the laboratory, there is a need to study exoskeletons in real world, complex environments. One way to study the human-machine interaction is to look at how the exoskeleton affects the user’s gait. In this study we assessed changes in gait spatiotemporal variability when using a robotic ankle exoskeleton under proportional myoelectric control both inside on a treadmill and outside overground. We hypothesized that walking with the exoskeletons would not lead to significant changes in variability inside on a treadmill or outside compared to not using the exoskeletons. In addition, we hypothesized that walking outside would lead to higher variability both with and without the exoskeletons compared to treadmill walking. In support of our hypothesis, we found significantly higher coefficients of variation of stride length, stance time, and swing time when walking outside both with and without the exoskeleton. We found a significantly higher variability when using the exoskeletons inside on the treadmill, but we did not see significantly higher variability when walking outside overground. The value of this study to the literature is that it emphasizes the importance of studying exoskeletons in the environment in which they are meant to be used. By looking at only indoor gait spatiotemporal measures, we may have assumed that the exoskeletons led to higher variability which may be unsafe for certain target populations. In the context of the literature, we show that variability due to robotic ankle exoskeletons under proportional myoelectric control does not elicit different changes in stride time variability than previously found in other daily living tasks (uneven terrain, load carriage, or cognitive tasks).
Outcomes and Predictors of Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation for People With Newly Diagnosed HIV in an Integrated Health Care System

Abstract Background Rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the recommended treatment strategy for patients newly diagnosed with HIV, but the literature supporting this strategy has focused on short-term outcomes. We examined both long-term outcomes and predictors of rapid ART among patients newly diagnosed with HIV within an integrated health care system in Northern California. Methods This observational cohort study included adults newly diagnosed with HIV between January 2015 and December 2020 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Rapid ART was defined as ART initiation within 7 days of HIV diagnosis. We collected demographic and clinical data to determine short-term and long-term outcomes, including viral suppression, care retention, medication adherence, and cumulative viral burden. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of rapid ART initiation. Results We enrolled 1409 adults; 34.1% initiated rapid ART. The rapid ART group achieved viral suppression faster (48 vs 77 days; P < .001) and experienced lower cumulative viral burden (log10 viremia copy-years, 3.63 vs 3.82; P < .01) but had slightly reduced medication adherence (74.8% vs 75.2%; P < .01). There was no improvement in long-term viral suppression and care retention in the rapid group during follow-up. Patients were more likely to initiate rapid ART after 2017 and were less likely if they required an interpreter. Conclusions Patients who received rapid ART had an improved cumulative HIV burden but no long-term improvement in care retention and viral suppression. Our findings suggest that rapid ART should be offered but additional interventions may be needed for patients newly diagnosed with HIV.
The influencing factor model and empirical research of TikTok charity live streaming impact users’ online charitable donation

The "live streaming + charity" model is a new model for China’s philanthropy, accelerating the new development of China’s philanthropy, but there is still a relative paucity of research in the academic community on how charity live streaming affects online charitable donations. In this sense, this study aims to identify the construction of a model of the factors influencing charity live streaming on online charitable donations. This study selected TikTok Live, based on the UTAUT model, combining perceived risk and perceived interactivity, recovered 607 valid questionnaires, and concluded and structural equation modeling to construct an influence factor model to analyze their correlation. The results show that users’ performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived interactivity, facilitating conditions, and social influence are significantly positively correlated with online charitable donations, and perceived risk does not negatively affect users’ intentions to make online charitable donations. Our findings can provide a basis for live-streaming platforms and relevant social organizations and government departments to develop charity communication strategies.
Spatial spillover of local general higher education expenditures on sustainable regional economic growth: A spatial econometric analysis

The ability of fair investments in local general higher education to drive sustainable regional economic growth is explored. Based on spatial theory, the exploratory spatial data analysis method is used to examine the spatial characteristics of local general higher education expenditures in China’s 30 provinces from 2000 to 2021. The spatial Durbin model is employed to analyze the impact of education expenditures on regional economic growth. The results reveal that education expenditures had positive spatial autocorrelation. Education expenditures promoted regional economic growth, and the long-term effect was greater than the short-term effect. These expenditures also had a positive spillover effect, showing that strategic spatial interactions between provinces positively influence growth. The positive spillover effects nationwide and in the eastern region were significantly greater than the direct effect, whereas the spillover effects in both the middle and western regions were negative.
Antimicrobial prescribing in a secondary care setting during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background Increased antimicrobial resistance patterns lead to limited options for antimicrobial agents, affecting patient health and increasing hospital costs. Objectives To investigate the antimicrobial prescribing patterns at two district hospitals in Northern Ireland before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A mixed prospective-retrospective study was designed to compare pre- and during pandemic antimicrobial prescribing data in both hospitals using a Global Point Prevalence Survey. Results Of the 591 patients surveyed in both hospitals, 43.8% were treated with 402 antimicrobials. A total of 82.8% of antimicrobial prescriptions were for empirical treatment. No significant difference existed in numbers of patients treated or antimicrobials used before and during the pandemic. There was a slight decrease of 3.3% in the compliance rate with hospital antimicrobial guidelines during the pandemic when compared with the pre-pandemic year of 2019, when it was 69.5%. Treatment based on patients’ biomarker data also slightly decreased from 83.5% pre-pandemic (2019) to 81.5% during the pandemic (2021). Conclusions There was no overall significant impact of the pandemic on the antimicrobial prescribing patterns in either hospital when compared with the pre-pandemic findings. The antimicrobial stewardship programmes would appear to have played an important role in controlling antimicrobial consumption during the pandemic.
Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes

An increasing number of Australians want to be assured that the food and fibre being produced on this continent have been grown and harvested in an ecologically sustainable way. Ecologically sustainable farming conserves the array of species that are integral to key ecological processes such as pollination, seed dispersal, natural pest control and the decomposition of waste. Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes communicates new scientific information about best practice ways to integrate conservation and agriculture in the temperate eucalypt woodland belt of eastern Australia. It is based on the large body of scientific literature in this field, as well as long-term studies at 790 permanent sites on over 290 farms extending throughout Victoria, New South Wales and south-east Queensland. Richly illustrated, with chapters on birds, mammals, reptiles, invertebrates and plants, this book illustrates how management interventions can promote nature conservation and what practices have the greatest benefit for biodiversity. Together the new insights in this book inform whole-of-farm planning. Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes is an ideal resource for land managers and farmers interested in integrating farming and environmental values and anyone interested in biodiversity in woodlands and agricultural zones. Recipient of a 2017 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Conservation in Action
A 51-Year-Old Woman with Advanced Breast Cancer and a 2-Week History of Nausea and Vomiting Due to Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and Seropositivity to Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4)

and an elevated serum AQP-4 antibody level led to the diagnosis of NMOSD. Brain MRI detected a small lesion in the dorsal medulla oblongata, which explained the preceding APS. After starting intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy, her nausea and vomiting rapidly subsided. Breast cancer was resected on day 63, and immunohistochemical staining revealed overexpression of AQP-4 in the tumor cells, suggesting paraneoplastic NMOSD. Conclusions: This report has highlighted the presentation and diagnosis of NMOSD and supports the possibility that this can present as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome. In addition, diagnosis of NMOSD preceded by APS requires meticulous history taking and careful interpretation of MRI in the dorsal medulla oblongata