Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-Situational Word Learning With Multimodal Neural Networks

In order to learn the mappings from words to referents, children must integrate co-occurrence information across individually ambiguous pairs of scenes and utterances, a challenge known as cross-situational word learning. In machine learning, recent multimodal neural networks have been shown to learn meaningful visual-linguistic mappings from cross-situational data, as needed to solve problems such as image captioning and visual question answering. These networks are potentially appealing as cognitive models because they can learn from raw visual and linguistic stimuli, something previous cognitive models have not addressed. In this paper, we examine whether recent machine learning approaches can help explain various behavioral phenomena from the psychological literature on cross-situational word learning. We consider two variants of a multimodal neural network architecture and look at seven different phenomena associated with cross-situational word learning and word learning more generally. Our results show that these networks can learn word-referent mappings from a single epoch of training, mimicking the amount of training commonly found in cross-situational word learning experiments. Additionally, these networks capture some, but not all of the phenomena we studied, with all of the failures related to reasoning via mutual exclusivity. These results provide insight into the kinds of phenomena that arise naturally from relatively generic neural network learning algorithms, and which word learning phenomena require additional inductive biases.
Learning Unified Multi-Document Summarization From Collaborative Journalism

Over the last decade, while the availability of journalistic content on the web has exploded, its popularity among consumers has sharply declined. Research has found evidence of shortening reading attention spans, and a diminishing grasp of current events, especially among younger generations. In this study, we propose to apply automatic multi-document summarization to generate short executive summaries from multiple news articles covering the same event. An automatic summarizer, in general, can employ two different construction strategies: extractive and abstractive. The former excels at collecting important facts, while the latter is better at producing a coherent final text. Our method unifies extractive and abstractive approaches to benefit from the advantages of both strategies in news summarization. In order to develop our unified extractive-abstractive summarization model, we first create a new training dataset which comprises clusters of related news articles, alongside their summaries. The dataset we collected from online collaborative journalism sites is also one of the first large-scale multi-document datasets in the news domain. Based on these data, we develop an extractive summarizer to gather salient sentences from input news articles, and an abstractive summarizer that can weave these sentences into a coherent and non-redundant narrative. In a comprehensive evaluation study, we combine automatic and manual evaluation techniques to investigate the quality of our unified summarization system; our results show that including the extractive stage in the summarization process improves both the content selection and readability of the final abstractive summaries. While our error analysis finds systematic errors still present in the final summaries, our results do make a contribution towards helping news consumers better navigate the modern information landscape.
Golsorkhi, Soogand and Mersland, Roy and Randoy, Trond and Shenkar,

This study addresses the simultaneous and diverse effects of differences in informal and formal institutions on cross-border alliances’ financial performance. We utilize data from 405 microfinance institutions (MFIs), based in 74 developing countries, that have alliances with partners from developed countries. We find that the impact of informal institutional differences between MFIs and their cross-border partners is sigmoid-shaped, with performance first increasing, then declining, before improving again as informal institutional differences grow large. By contrast, formal institutional differences appear to be detrimental to MFIs’ performance. Consistent with our prediction, we find that MFIs’ cross-border experience moderates both formal and informal institutional effects.
CCPSL Oration Preventing colorectal cancer in Sri Lanka: step forward

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is considered to be a vital component in the evaluation of the quality of care. Objectives: To describe the maternal satisfaction on care received by the neonates and mothers during their stay in the secondary and tertiary care hospitals in a district of Sri Lanka Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted among 235 postpartum mothers of neonates who were treated for sepsis in the neonatal intensive care units. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess maternal satisfaction regarding the care received by the mothers (20 items) and neonates (20 items). The mothers were also requested to make suggestions for improvement. The questionnaire was administered on the day of discharge from the hospital. Overall satisfaction scores for maternal care and neonatal care were calculated separately and was considered satisfactory if it was more than 75% of the total score. Results: The overall mean satisfaction score for maternal care was 84.2 (range 49-100) and for neonatal care, it was 94.0 (range 52-98). Majority of the mothers were satisfied with the maternal care (n=208; 88.5%) and neonatal care (n=220; 93.6%). The majority were satisfied regarding the breastfeeding counselling (n=224; 93.3%), information on the treatment their neonates received (n=227; 94.6%) and investigations of the neonates (n=196; 81.7%). A higher percentage also recommended the obstetric unit to others as a favourable place (n=224; 93.3%) and preferred to return to the same unit for neonatal care for any future episode of illness (n=227; 94.6%). Conclusions: The overall maternal satisfaction regarding the neonatal and maternity care was high. There was a gap between the needs and provision of healthcare.
Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Anemia is one of the most widely spread public health problems, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6-59 months in Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study (the Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey 2016) was used as a source of data. Participants were 8385 children aged from 6 to 59 months selected in a two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The level of hemoglobin was determined by HemoCue analyzer. The risk factors of anemia were computed by logistic regression (α=0.05). The result revealed that more than half (57.3%) of children aged 6-59 months were found anemic of which 3.1% had severe anemia, 29.2% had moderate and 25% mild anemia. The anemia status of the children’s mother (OR: 3.01, CI: 0.34, 6.75), living in Somali region (OR: 5.73, CI: 1.86, 17.71), living in rural areas (OR: 1.84, CI: 1.38, 2.83), age of study participants (OR: 0.82, CI: 0.29,1.45) among 24-42 months old children (OR: 0.53, CI: 0.16,1.08) among 43-59 months old children, rich and medium parents (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.20,0.73), smoker mother (OR: 0.02, CI: 0.00, 0.05) were the risk factors of anemia among Ethiopian children aged 6-59 months. The overall prevalence of anemia among Ethiopian children aged 6–59 months was high. It is argued that measures that prevent childhood illnesses and maternal anemia need to be put in place in order to reduce anemia among Ethiopian children.
Casson, A. and Cooling, T. (2019) Religious education for spiritual bricoleurs? the perceptions of students in ten Christian-ethos secondary schools in England and Wales

Religious Education (RE) in England and Wales functions within a post-secular culture. In the last fifty years, approaches characterised by academic rigour, impartiality, and professionalism have been prioritised. In this post-secular culture, the notion of bricolage aptly describes how some young people seek meaning, explore the spiritual dimension of life, with fragmented understandings of, experiences and encounters with the religious traditions. This paper draws on data from an empirical research project involving 350 students, to explore why students in ten Christian-ethos secondary schools in England and Wales recognised Religious Education (RE) as a significant contributor to their spiritual development. The analysis is illuminated by employing Roebben's (2009) concept of a narthical learning space (NLS) as the lens with which to examine young people’s experiences. Three aspects of RE are explored: the debating of existential questions; opportunities to theologise and reflect; and encounters with the beliefs, practices, and opinions of others. This article argues that the concept of RE as a narthical learning space alongside the notion of young people as spiritual bricoleurs illuminates how the students in this study interpret the contribution of RE to their spiritual development.
Water uptake of subpollen aerosol particles: hygroscopic growth, CCN activation, and liquid-liquid phase separation

<p>Pollen grains emitted from vegetation can release subpollen particles (SPP) that contribute to the fine fraction of atmospheric aerosols and may act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), ice nuclei (IN), or aeroallergens. Here, we investigate and characterize the hygroscopic growth and CCN activation of birch, pine, and rapeseed SPP. A high humidity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HHTDMA) was used to measure particle restructuring and water uptake over a wide range of relative humidity (RH) from 2 % to 99.5 %, and a continuous flow CCN counter was used for size-resolved measurements of CCN activation at supersaturations (S) in the range of 0.2 % to 1.2 %. For both subsaturated and supersaturated conditions, effective hygroscopicity parameters &#1082; , were obtained by K&#246;hler model calculations. Gravimetric and chemical analyses, electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering measurements were performed to characterize further properties of SPP from aqueous pollen extracts such as chemical composition (starch, proteins, DNA, and inorganic ions) and the hydrodynamic size distribution of water-insoluble material. All investigated SPP samples exhibited a sharp increase of water uptake and k above ~95 % RH, suggesting a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The HHTDMA measurements at RH> 95% enable closure between the CCN activation at water vapor supersaturation and hygroscopic growth at subsaturated conditions, which is often not achieved when HTDMA measurements are performed at lower RH where the water uptake and effective hygroscopicity may be limited by the effects of LLPS. Such effects may be important not only for closure between hygroscopic growth and CCN activation but also for the chemical reactivity, allergenic potential, and related health effects of SPP. </p><p>This research has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 18-10 17-00076) and Max Planck Society. </p>
Effect of blending ratio of wheat, orange fleshed sweet potato and haricot bean flour on proximate compositions, β-carotene, physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of biscuits’

Background: Protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) are the most important public health issues, and a food-based strategy is crucial to combat those health problems among the vulnerable group of people. Methods: Composite biscuits were made with 100:0:0, 90:5:5, 80:10:10, 70:15:15, 60:20:20, and 50:25:25 percent wheat, haricot bean, and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flours.Standard methods were used to evaluate the proximate compositions, β-carotene, physical properties, functional properties, and sensory acceptability. A one-way analysis of variance model was used to statistically evaluate the data using the statistical analysis system software package, version 9.0 standard methods. Results: The results showed that partially replacing wheat with haricot beans and OFSP increased the β-carotene and proximate compositions significantly. When wheat was replaced with haricot beans and OFSP, the physical characteristics of the biscuits did not vary significantly from those of biscuits made entirely of wheat flour. Sensory acceptability (appearance, color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability) was higher in the composite biscuits with up to 40% wheat substitution than in the 100% wheat flour biscuits. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this report, replacing wheat with OFSP and haricot beans in biscuit formulation appears to be promising in improving nutritional quality, sensory acceptability, and beta carotene. It is proposed that these products can mitigate food insecurity and deficiency of vitamin A.
Experimental and kinetic modeling studies of methanol synthesis from CO<inf>2</inf> hydrogenation using In<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> catalyst

Catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 to methanol has gained considerable interest for its significant role in CO 2 uti- lization using heterogeneous catalysts. This study is the first to propose a kinetic model based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) mechanism for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol over a highly effective indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) catalyst. The work focuses on different reaction conditions mainly revolving around the variation of operating temperature, total reactor pressure, H 2 /CO 2 molar feed ratio and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of the system. The experimental data were modeled using a competitive single-site kinetic model based on LHHW rate equations. A parameter optimization procedure was undertaken to determine the kinetic parameters of the developed rate equations. The model predicts that when the methanol synthesis reaction becomes equilibrium limited, the progress of the RWGS reaction forces the methanol yield to decrease due to the reversal of the methanol synthesis reaction. A mixture of CO 2 and H 2 has been used as the reactor feed in all the cases. Significantly w.r. t. the CO 2 partial pressure, the reaction rate for methanol synthesis initially increased and then slightly decreased indicating a varying order. The single-site model accurately predicted the trends in the experimental data which would enable the development of reliable reactor and process designs.
Subgroup-effects models for the analysis of personal treatment effects

The emerging field of precision medicine is transforming statistical analysis from the classical paradigm of population-average treatment effects into that of personal treatment effects. This new scientific mission has called for adequate statistical methods to assess heterogeneous covariate effects in regression analysis. This paper focuses on a subgroup analysis that consists of two primary analytic tasks: identification of treatment effect subgroups and individual group memberships, and statistical inference on treatment effects by subgroup. We propose an approach to synergizing supervised clustering analysis via Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm and statistical inference on subgroup effects via Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Our proposed procedure, termed as Hybrid Operation for Subgroup Analysis (HOSA), enjoys computational speed and numerical stability with interpretability and reproducibility. We establish key theoretical properties for both proposed clustering and inference procedures. Numerical illustration includes extensive simulation studies and analyses of motivating data from two randomized clinical trials to learn subgroup treatment effects.
Microwave-assisted one-pot three-component synthesis of thiazolidinones using KSF@Ni as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst

ABSTRACT Convenient, one-pot three-component reaction for the synthesis of thiazolidinones from aldehydes, thiosemicarbazide, and maleic anhydride in the presence of KSF@Ni as heterogeneous catalyst under microwave irradiation was developed. Products were obtained in reasonable yield in short reaction time. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A TWO-PARAMETER FAMILY OF MEASURE-VALUED DIFFUSIONS WITH POISSON–DIRICHLET STATIONARY DISTRIBUTIONS* BY NOAH FORMAN†,

We give a pathwise construction of a two-parameter family of purelyatomic-measure-valued diffusions in which ranked masses of atoms are stationary with the Poisson–Dirichlet(α,θ) distributions, for α ∈ (0,1) and θ ≥ 0. These processes resolve a conjecture of Feng and Sun (2010). We build on our previous work on (α,0)and (α,α)-interval partition evolutions. The extension to general θ ≥ 0 is achieved by the construction of a σfinite excursion measure of a new measure-valued branching diffusion. Our measure-valued processes are Hunt processes on an incomplete subspace of the space of all probability measures and do not possess an extension to a Feller process. In a companion paper, we use generators to show that ranked masses evolve according to a two-parameter family of diffusions introduced by Petrov (2009), extending work of Ethier and Kurtz (1981).
On the multicanonical systems of quasi-elliptic surfaces

We consider the multicanonical systems |mKS | of quasielliptic surfaces with Kodaira dimension 1 in characteristic 2. We show that for any m ≥ 6 |mKS | gives the structure of quasi-elliptic fiber space, and 6 is the best possible number to give the structure for any such surfaces.
Investigating the Effect of Public Trust on Tax Compliance

Upright now, we rarely find any research that measures the effect of the slippery slope framework on taxpayers’ trust in paying their tax. This article seeks to investigate the effect of power and trust as exogenous variables based on the slippery slope frameworks theory while the endogenous one is a public trust of taxpayers. We employ a survey to investigate this matter and conduct quantitative analysis afterward. Respondents are employees at the Tax Service Authorities in three areas, they are, South Makassar, Maros, and Palopo, which are selected by using purposive sampling with a total population of 2,500 people. We use the determination of research sampling 20% of the population leading to a total number of samples of 500 people. The data were gained through questionnaires and analyzed by using SPSS and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Our findings indicate that power has a positive and significant effect on the public trust of taxpayers. We also find that trust has a positive and significant effect on the public trust of taxpayers. Moreover, both power and trust have a positive and significant effect on the public trust of taxpayers simultaneously. In this article, we argue that the strategy to increase the public trust of taxpayers’ compliance is through power and trust. The article also confirms that the slippery slope framework can be applied to developing taxpayers’ compliance.
Development and evaluation of 0.05° terrestrial water storage estimates using Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model and assimilation of GRACE data

Accurate estimation of terrestrial water storage (TWS) at a high spatiotemporal resolution is important for reliable assessments of regional water resources and climate variability. Individual components of TWS include soil moisture, snow, groundwater, and canopy storage and can be estimated from the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model. The spatial resolution of CABLE is currently limited to 0.5 by the resolution of soil and vegetation data sets that underlie model parameterizations, posing a challenge to using CABLE for hydrological applications at a local scale. This study aims to improve the spatial detail (from 0.5 to 0.05) and time span (1981–2012) of CABLE TWS estimates using rederived model parameters and high-resolution meteorological forcing. In addition, TWS observations derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission are assimilated into CABLE to improve TWS accuracy. The success of the approach is demonstrated in Australia, where multiple ground observation networks are available for validation. The evaluation process is conducted using four different case studies that employ different model spatial resolutions and include or omit GRACE data assimilation (DA). We find that the CABLE 0.05 developed here improves TWS estimates in terms of accuracy, spatial resolution, and long-term water resource assessment reliability. The inclusion of GRACE DA increases the accuracy of groundwater storage (GWS) estimates and has little impact on surface soil moisture or evapotranspiration. Using improved model parameters and improved state estimations (via GRACE DA) together is recommended to achieve the best GWS accuracy. The workflow elaborated on in this paper relies only on publicly accessible global data sets, allowing the reproduction of the 0.05 TWS estimates in any study region.
Advances in Physics and Astronomy: An International Journal

INTRODUCTION A large number of recent scientific publications indicate that solid state physics can serve as a good testing platform for studying effects from other areas of physics, such as quantum electrodynamics, high energy physics, relativistic and astrophysics, due to their possible correlations with many-body effects and their quasi-particle representation, which are actively studied and used in solid state physics. One of the well-known examples of such correlations can be a graphene, which is characterized by linear dispersion of the Dirac cone states, similar to that for photon with zero effective mass [1, 2]. Replacing the speed of light with the velocity of electrons at the Fermi level allows us to find direct correlations with some effects studied and predicted in high-energy physics and quantum electrodynamics (such as the Klein paradox [3] and others). It is the lower velocity of electrons at the Fermi level (in graphene it is 1/300 of the speed of light) and the increased effective size of quasi-particles Abstract Search and analysis of scaled correlations and analogies in the opening of the energy gap at the Dirac point in the topological state dispersions for magnetic topological insulator with the rest energy of an electron have been carried out. It was done taking into account the replacement of the electron velocity at the Fermi level with the speed of light and the use of the relationship between the energy gap and the size of magnetic vortex excitations in magnetic topological insulator, on the one hand, and the rest energy for a free electron and the Compton wavelength, on the other hand. Based on this analogy, an assumption was made about possible complex internal dyon-like structure of electron as a local topological medium limited by the dimensions associated with the Compton wavelength and a virtual magnetic vortex-like texture (magnetic charge) connected with electron charge inside. An attempt was made to analyze what types of parameters and processes in this representation can determine the value of the rest energy (and mass) of electron, which make it possible to combine the wave properties of electron with the rest energy.
Exploring the Reasons Behind Iranian TEFL Graduate Students’ Academic Failure

This cross-sectional study explored the reasons behind academic failure among Iranian students of teaching of English as a foreign language. Interviews were used to collect data from 56 graduate students (19 men and 37 women) and three officials of the university. Results indicated that four main factors led to the academic failure of the students, namely, (1) the student, (2) the professor, (3) the university, and (4) the source materials. Moreover, the results of chi-square tests indicated that no significant relationship existed between the gender and age of the students and their academic failure. Finally, a number of guidelines to prevent academic failure in this context are presented.