Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HOMOGENEOUS SUBSET STANCE OF RHIZOME LENGTH AND OPERATIONAL MACHINE SPEED ON PLANTING PARAMETERS OF TRACTOR DRAWN

The production of the relatively homogeneous Subsets provided the request for a post-hoc test to address multiple comparisons of data collected on the planting parameter of the developed tractor turmeric planter consisting of a ground drive, adjustable metering system, furrow opening, furrow closing unit, press wheel, hopper, residue cutting edge and power transmission mechanism. The planting recital measurement of the turmeric rhizome planter was carried out using two variables, three levels of turmeric rhizome lengths at 30 mm, 45 mm and 60 mm and three levels of operating speeds at 8 km/h, 10 km/h and 12 km/h respectively. The Turkish post-hoc test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) reflects a substantial level between the post-hoc groups which provides better information on the factors impact within the framework community of the experimenter. Rhizome length as a significant effect in the community on planting production, fuel consumption, slipping of the wheel Mainly the rhizome length of 60mm and no significant effect between 30mm and 45mm although there is no significant effect on the average field capacity of all three levels, the operating speed of the established planter was significant at each of the three levels of the plant parameter test performed all the reactions only the average field capacity shown. The planting parameters for the factors considered at three levels showed a significant impact at each level and demonstrated the actions of each treatment.
CMAR_A_213572 8191..8200

Hongge Liang 1 Di Ma Yan Xu 1 Jing Zhao Minjiang Chen 1 Xiaoyan Liu Wei Zhong Junling Li Mengzhao Wang 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Background: Targeted therapy is an important treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with specific genetic mutations, crizotinib can prolong survival in advanced NSCLC patients with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4–anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) rearrangement. We performed a retrospective analysis to investigate the association between the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and progressionfree survival (PFS) in patients with EML4-ALK rearrangement NSCLC receiving treatment with crizotinib. Methods: Advanced (stage IIIb–IV) NSCLC patients with EML4-ALK rearrangement receiving treatment with crizotinib were enrolled between January 2007 and January 2016 at Peking Union Medical College and Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Results: Overall, 212 patients were enrolled. Kaplan–Meier univariate analysis showed that elevated pre-treatment LDH level (7.9 vs 14.1 months, HR =1.251, CI: 1.008–1.553, P=0.004) was significantly associated with shorter PFS, while the post-treatment meanLDH level (13.3 vs 14.3 months, HR=1.439, 95% CI: 0.994–2.082, P=0.970) was not significantly associated with PFS. Cox proportional hazards model also identified that pretreatment LDH level (HR=2.085, 95% CI: 1.150–3.781, P=0.016) was associated with the PFS. Logistic regression analysis showed that post-treatment LDH level was associated with creatine kinase (OR=6.712, 95% CI 3.395–13.273, P<0.01), creatine kinase isoenzyme (OR=6.297, 95% CI 2.953–13.427, P<0.01), and hemoglobin (OR=4.163, 1.741–9.956, P<0.001). Conclusion: An elevated pre-treatment serum LDH level (>250 U/L) was significantly associated with shorter PFS in patients with EML4-ALK rearrangement NSCLC. Posttreatment elevated serum LDH level was not significantly associated with PFS, which related to adverse events including muscle damage and anemia.
The Effect of ESG Performance on Tax Avoidance—Evidence from Korea

We analyzed whether a firm’s engagement in socially responsible activities, as measured by environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) scores, influences their tendency to avoid tax in the Korean financial market. We found a negative relationship between Korean firms’ ESG scores and tax avoidance in terms of book-tax income difference during the sample period between 2011 and 2017. This result implies that firms with good CSR performance would tend not to manipulate taxable profits, which is in line with corporate culture theory. More interestingly, this trend has become more apparent for chaebol-affiliated firms, a special type of Korean conglomerate, than non-chaebol firms.
Numerical simulation of the effect of a DC electric field on a laminar ethylene diffusion flame

An applied DC electric field was experimentally demonstrated to modify the flame structure and gas dynamic in an ethylene diffusion flame. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of the electric field on the flow field and its impacts on the flame behavior. A numerical study has been performed to elucidate the experimental observations and to monitor the effect of electric body force on the flame. The numerical model was validated by comparing the computed results to experimental measurements from the literature. The resulting computed flame shape was compared to a visible image taken during the experiment. The simulated OH mole fraction, the burning rate and the computed velocity and temperature are presented. The developed model proved the ability to reproduce qualitatively the experimental flame behavior when submitted to the electric field. The electric field is shown to modify the flame shape (flame tip, flame shortness and flame deformation), to promote the burning process and to improve the ion production. Results show that the modifications are due to an air entrainment acting specifically near the burner zone enhancing the mixture and changing the fluid dynamic in this region. The ionic wind is demonstrated to increase the maximum burning rate and promoting ions’ formation mostly near the burner. A more detailed model (detailed ions’ chemistry and soot model with charged particles, detailed electric diffusion) is necessary to gain a better understanding of the influence of electric field on diffusion combustion and soot formation.
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) coated gold nanoparticles as colourimetric temperature and salt sensors

Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are reported having residual citrate groups on the surface resulting from their synthesis via the Turkevich method. These PNIPAM coated AuNPs have dual stabilisation by the polymer chains and the charges, which we exploit for the development of temperature and salt sensors of which the sensing regime can be tuned by variation of salt concentration and temperature, respectively.
UNIFORM APPROXIMATION BY COMPLETE MINIMAL SURFACES OF FINITE TOTAL CURVATURE IN R 3

We prove that any compact minimal surface in R 3 can be uniformly approximated by complete minimal surfaces of ﬁnite total curvature in R 3 . This Mergelyan type result can be extended to the family of complete minimal surfaces of weak ﬁnite total curvature, that is to say, having ﬁnite total curvature on regions of ﬁnite conformal type. We deal only with the orientable case.
The Impact of Abyssal Hill Roughness on the Benthic Tide

The flow of tides over rough bathymetry in the deep ocean generates baroclinic motion including internal waves and bottom‐trapped tides. The stresses generated by this motion feedback on the amplitude and phase of the large‐scale tide. Quantifying the stresses associated with tidal flow over abyssal hills is especially important, as this scale of bathymetry is often unresolved in global baroclinic tide models, and the stresses must therefore be parameterized. Here, we extend the previous theoretical work of the authors to determine the amplitude, phasing, and vertical location of the stresses exerted on a flow driven by a time‐periodic body force when it encounters rough bathymetry. The theory compares favorably with a suite of fully nonlinear numerical simulations. It is shown that all topographic stresses are applied directly above the bathymetry, leading to a two‐layer baroclinic flow, with the near‐bottom spatial‐mean flow (the benthic tide) strongly modified by topographic stresses, and the flow at height unperturbed by the presence of topography. Our results provide a framework to improve baroclinic tide models by (i) providing a simple parameterization for the subinertial stress which is currently not included in any models, (ii) establishing that parameterized stresses should be applied in the diffusive boundary layer directly above the topography, independent of where internal tides may dissipate, and (iii) identifying a minimum resolution of ∼10 km for baroclinic tidal models to adequately capture wave resonance effects that can significantly impact the magnitude of the benthic tide.
CURRENT STATUS ON INFLUX AND HABITAT OF EXOTIC WEEDS IN KOREA

For investigation on the present status of exotic weeds in Korea, the number of exotic weed species, their inflow time and native regions were examined with literature. Field surveys were also conducted for seven years from 1995 to 2001. Exotic weeds naturalized in Korea are composed of 315 species in 37 families until 2001. Among the weed flora, 135 exotic weed species have been reported since 1980. The number of exotic weeds by the native regions was 72, 32, 122 and 29 in North America, South America, Europe and Asia, respectively. Many species of exotic weeds are distributed near the ports, roadside for transport of imported cereals, circumference of highway and reclaimed land with wastes. 72 and 56 exotic weeds are found in farmland and pasture, respectively. Also, exotic weed newly found in cultivated area from 1995 to 1999 was reported as 34 species from 13 families.
Imaging of Substantia Nigra in Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the degeneration of the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNc) with dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. Although the diagnosis of PD is principally based on a clinical assessment, great efforts have been expended over the past two decades to evaluate reliable biomarkers for PD. Among these biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based biomarkers may play a key role. Conventional MRI sequences are considered by many in the field to have low sensitivity, while advanced pulse sequences and ultra-high-field MRI techniques have brought many advantages, particularly regarding the study of brainstem and subcortical structures. Nowadays, nigrosome imaging, neuromelanine-sensitive sequences, iron-sensitive sequences, and advanced diffusion weighted imaging techniques afford new insights to the non-invasive study of the SNc. The use of these imaging methods, alone or in combination, may also help to discriminate PD patients from control patients, in addition to discriminating atypical parkinsonian syndromes (PS). A total of 92 articles were identified from an extensive review of the literature on PubMed in order to ascertain the-state-of-the-art of MRI techniques, as applied to the study of SNc in PD patients, as well as their potential future applications as imaging biomarkers of disease. Whilst none of these MRI-imaging biomarkers could be successfully validated for routine clinical practice, in achieving high levels of accuracy and reproducibility in the diagnosis of PD, a multimodal MRI-PD protocol may assist neuroradiologists and clinicians in the early and differential diagnosis of a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders.
Relationships of Bone Mineral Variables with Body Composition, Blood Hormones and Training Volume in Adolescent Female Athletes with Different Loading Patterns

The aim of this investigation was to determine the relationships of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and content (BMC) with body composition, blood hormone and training load variables in adolescent female athletes with different loading patterns. The participants were 73 healthy adolescent females (14–18 years), who were divided into three groups: rhythmic gymnasts (RG; n = 33), swimmers (SW; n = 20) and untrained controls (UC; n = 20). Bone mineral and body compositional variables were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), estradiol and leptin were analyzed from blood samples. In addition, aerobic performance was assessed by a peak oxygen consumption test. No differences (p > 0.05) in weekly training volume were observed between rhythmic gymnasts (17.6 ± 5.3 h/week) and swimmers (16.1 ± 6.9 h/week). Measured areal bone mineral density and bone mineral content values were higher in rhythmic gymnasts compared with other groups (p < 0.05), while no differences (p > 0.05) in measured bone mineral values were seen between swimmers and untrained control groups. Multiple regression models indicated that IGF-1 alone explained 14% of the total variance (R2 × 100) in lumbar spine aBMD, while appendicular muscle mass and training volume together explained 37% of the total variance in femoral neck BMC in the rhythmic gymnast group only. In swimmers, age at menarche, estradiol and appendicular muscle mass together explained 68% of the total variance in lumbar spine BMC, while appendicular muscle mass was the only predictor and explained 19 to 53% of the total variance in measured bone mineral values in untrained controls. In conclusion, adolescent rhythmic gymnasts with specific weight-bearing athletic activity present higher areal bone mineral values in comparison with swimmers and untrained controls. Specific training volume together with appendicular muscle mass influenced cortical bone development at the femoral neck site of the skeleton in rhythmic gymnasts, while hormonal values influenced trabecular bone development at the lumbar spine site in both athletic groups with different loading patterns.
Strategic Reviews

The impact of product reviews on consumer purchasing behavior is empirically well documented. This can create perverse incentives for firms to offer reviewers side payments (“bribes”) in exchange for biased reviews for their products. The presence of bribes distorts the information in reviews and leads to detrimental effects on consumer utility. This paper builds a two-sided reputation model where a reviewer can inflate her reviews in exchange for bribes. If the reviewer accepts bribes and misrepresents her reviews, then she builds her reputation as an inaccurate reviewer and makes consumers less likely to follow her recommendations. This in turn makes firms no longer interested in offering her a bribe. Can the reviewer retain influence over consumers’ purchasing decisions while simultaneously accepting bribes and misrepresenting her reviews? We provide a characterization of the environments that allow this kind of manipulation and show that regulatory policies that aim to reduce bribes can lead to undesirable outcomes. Finally, we show that eliminating bribes from the market can increase the welfare of all market participants, even for those firms who would have otherwise bribed in exchange for more favorable reviews. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling as a Sampling Alternative in Clinical Trials and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review

: An infectious disease, COVID-19, caused by a new type of coronavirus, has been discovered recently. This disease can cause respiratory distress, fever, and fatigue. It still has no drug and vaccine for treatment and prevention. Therefore, WHO recommends that people should stay at home to reduce disease transmission. Due to the quarantine, FDA stated that this could hamper drug development clinical trial protocols. Hence, an alternative sampling method that can be applied at home is needed. Currently, volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) has become attention in its use in clinical and bioanalytical fields. This paper discusses the advantages and challenges that might be found in the use of VAMS as an alternative sampling tool in clinical trials and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during the COVID-19 pandemic. VAMS allows easy sampling, can be done at home, storage and delivery at room temperature, and the volume taken is small and minimally invasive. VAMS is also able to absorb a fixed volume that can increase the accuracy and precision of analytical methods, and reduce the hematocrit effects (HCT). The use of VAMS is expected to be implemented immediately in clinical trials and TDM during this pandemic considering the benefits it has.
Massive Courses and Small Games: The Effect of Serious Games on Student Retention in MOOCs

Background. Although the motivational capacity of serious games is well supported in theory, few experimental studies have been conducted so far. This study contributes to this knowledge gap by using a serious game to try and increase the currently low student retention in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Aim and method . This article aimed to explore the possibilities serious games offer to increase student retention in MOOCs. For this, a serious game was specifically designed to influence factors that have shown to influence student retention in other MOOCs. A randomized post-test only control group experimental design was used, in which the impact of the serious game on student retention was evaluated with data from questionnaires and the edX platform. Results. None of the identified factors influenced the student retention in this MOOC. Furthermore, the game had a negative impact on the intrinsic motivation of students, but no difference was observed regarding student retention when comparing the game group and control group. Conclusions. While it was found that the serious game had a negative impact on the intrinsic motivation of students, it appeared that intrinsic motivation did not influence student retention in this MOOC, therewith explaining why no difference in student retention was observed between the control group and game group. This shows that in order to improve student retention in MOOCs with serious games, further research on factors influencing student retention in MOOCs is required first.
Code Reviewer Recommendations as a Multi-Objective Problem: Balancing Expertise, Availability and Collaborations

Modern Code review is one of the most critical tasks in software maintenance and evolution. A rigorous code review leads to fewer bugs and reduced overall maintenance costs. Most existing studies focus on automatically identifying the most qualiﬁed reviewers, based on their expertise, to review pull-up requests. However, the management of code reviews is a complex problem in practice due to a project’s limited resources, including the availability of peer reviewers. Furthermore, the history of collaborations between developers and reviewers could aﬀect the quality of the reviews, in positive or negative ways. In this paper, we formulate the recommendation of code reviewers as a multi-objective search problem to balance the conﬂicting objectives of expertise, availability, and history of collaborations. Our validation conﬁrms the eﬀectiveness of our multi-objective approach on 9 open source projects by making better recommendations, on average, than the state of the art.
The Compliance Consequences of Fault Assignment in Sanctions

Regulators rely heavily on ‘no-fault’ settlements in their enforcement, where targets avoid costly litigation by accepting sanctions without admitting or denying fault. Considerable public debate surrounds the issue but prior research has typically focused on financial dimensions of sanctions such as the magnitude of fines. I conduct an economic experiment where individuals face a costly compliance choice in the presence of sanctions that may either be greater than or less than the benefits of violating, and may also require admission of fault. I observe that compliance is less dependent on the magnitude of fines when fault is assigned in enforcement. I also observe that fault-based compliance is of higher quality. In supplemental analysis, I confirm that participants respond to fault incrementally to economic dimensions of sanctions and observe that participants incorrectly expect that sanction strength, rather than sanction magnitude, will foster greater compliance quality.
Mood Swings and Insufficient Information Acquisition: A Study on Cross-Section of Stock Returns

This paper studies mood, measured by Twitter messages, which causes investors' insufficient acquisition of information about assets and the implications of asset pricing. Using a Twitter-based mood measure, we find that mood swings are negatively predictive of investors' acquisition of earnings-related information when seeking to learn about companies' performance. Therefore, we argue that this bias effect contributes to the explanation of classical (unconditional) pricing models' failures. Conducting tests on cross-sectional stock returns, we show that stocks that are more sensitive to mood earn a higher expected excess return than less mood-sensitive stocks. Sorting stocks to construct the risk factor portfolio based on mood betas as sensitivity to mood risk, we are the first to quantify the risk premium (0.56% per month) by holding stocks subject to mood risk. Our results are consistent with the theoretical prediction that investors mistakenly use mood as information rather than learning enough fundamental information about assets, thereby inducing mispricing in asset valuation.
Can Business Accelerators Level the Playing Field For Female Entrepreneurs? A Two-Sided Matching Approach Suggests Yes

Business accelerators provide startups with mentorship, networks, and training. They have rapidly emerged as prominent players in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. We argue accelerators are especially helpful for female entrepreneurs and may level the playing field for women in the venture market. We leverage a novel two-sided matching framework that controls for both sorting and selection and find that 1) women-founded startups are given, on average, lower company valuations during the for-profit admission process and therefore less likely to be admitted, however<br>2) conditional on graduation from accelerators, there is no evidence that women-founded ventures have a lower probability of receiving venture financing or being acquired. Our findings suggest that accelerators could improve returns by investing in more women-founded startups.
First and Second Law of Quantum Thermodynamics: A Consistent Derivation Based on a Microscopic Definition of Entropy

Deriving the laws of thermodynamics from a microscopic picture is a central quest of statistical mechanics. This tutorial focuses on the derivation of the first and second law for isolated and open quantum systems far from equilibrium, where such foundational questions also become practically relevant for emergent nanotechnologies. The derivation is based on a microscopic definition of five essential quantities: internal energy, thermodynamic entropy, work, heat and temperature. These definitions are shown to satisfy the phenomenological laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for a large class of states and processes. The consistency with previous results is demonstrated. The framework applies to multiple baths including particle transport and accounts for processes with, e.g., a changing temperature of the bath, which is determined microscopically. An integral fluctuation theorem for entropy production is satisfied. In summary, this tutorial introduces a consistent and versatile framework to understand and apply the laws of thermodynamics in the quantum regime and beyond.