Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ask, and It Shall be Given You

These days, with managed competition and cost control reverberating in our ears, we must remind ourselves that the modern practice of what I call restorative medicine must often rely heavily on laboratory procedures, frequently expensive, for diagnosis and treatment. For example, experts now insist that the specific cause of Cushing syndrome can no longer be firmly established without catheterization of both petrosal sinuses, usually accompanied by measurement of the response of plasma ACTH to corticotropin-releasing hormone. Big money. There is another less obvious but no less worrisome consequence of the emergence of laboratory data as the major determinant of the patient's status. Increasingly, data stored in the chart displace hands-on encounters between physician and patient. This departure is particularly noticeable in academic institutions where teaching rounds at the bedside may be replaced entirely by discussions in the comfort of the small conference room. It wasn't always so. I remember a brief encounter in the past, a moment at which diagnosis and therapy hinged not on a revelation from the laboratory, but rather on the answer to a simple question. The patient, a 60-something widow, was hospitalized for persistent polyuria and polydipsia. Her attendants were wrestling with the knotty problem of whether she was afflicted with diabetes insipidus or with psychogenic polydipsia. Studies of serum and urine osmolality, not too surprisingly, were equivocal. It was time to seek enlightenment from me, the supposed fount of endocrinologic lore. At that time, heavily engaged in academic pursuits, I was accompanied on rounds by an entourage of fellows, residents, and medical students. We made an impressive appearance at the patient's bedside, providing a psychological advantage that I had learned to exploit shamelessly. After a respectful introduction by a resident and a perfunctory interchange, I decided, for pedagogical reasons, to begin at the beginning. I asked the patient, Why do you drink so much water? She answered without hesitation. About 4 years ago, my family doctor told me to drink as much water as I could. I folded my arms across my chest, drew myself up to my full height (5 foot, 5 3/4 inches) and declared, Well, I'm telling you to stop! O.K. , she said. And she did.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Improves the Colonization of Titanium with Primary Human Osteoblasts: An In Vitro Study

Several studies have shown that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment can favourably modify titanium surfaces to promote osteoblast colonization. The aim of this study was to investigate the initial attachment of primary human osteoblasts to plasma-treated titanium. Micro-structured titanium discs were treated with cold atmospheric plasma followed by the application of primary human osteoblasts. The microwave plasma source used in this study uses helium as a carrier gas and was developed at the Leibniz Institute for Surface Modification in Leipzig, Germany. Primary human osteoblasts were analyzed by fluorescence and cell biological tests (alkaline phosphatase activity and cell proliferation using WST-1 assay). The tests were performed after 4, 12, and 24 h and showed statistically significant increased levels of cell activity after plasma treatment. The results of this study indicate that plasma treatment improves the initial attachment of primary human osteoblasts to titanium. For the first time, the positive effect of cold atmospheric plasma treatment of micro-structured titanium on the initial colonization with primary human osteoblasts has been demonstrated. Overall, this study demonstrates the excellent biocompatibility of micro-structured titanium. The results of this study support efforts to use cold atmospheric plasmas in implantology, both for preimplantation conditioning and for regeneration of lost attachment due to peri-implantitis.
Superefficient Estimation of Multivariate Trend

The question of recovering a multiband signal from noisy observationsmotivates a model in which the multivariate data points consist of anunknown deterministic trend Xi observed with multivariate Gaussian errors. A cognate random trend model suggests two affineshrinkage estimators for the deterministic trend, which arerelated to an extended Efron-Morris estimator. When represented canonically, the one affineshrinkage estimator performs componentwise James-Stein shrinkage in a coordinate system that is determined by the data. Under the originaldeterministic trend model, this affineshrinkage estimator and its relatives are asymptoticallyminimax in Pinsker's sense over certain classes of subsets of theparameter space. In such fashion, the affineshrinkage estimator and its cousins dominate theclassically efficient least squares estimator. We illustrate their use toimprove on the least squares fit of the multivariate linearmodel.
Photometric error in mid-infrared observations at the TAO site caused by short-term variation of atmospheric water vapor

Time variation of the atmospheric water vapor is an important problem to achieve accurate photometry in ground-based mid-infrared observations. Long-term (~ minutes or hours) variation has been already known, but short-term (~ seconds) variation has not been quantified in previous studies. We evaluate this short-term variation and the photometric error in the mid-infrared observations at the TAO site by using actual astronomical data. Estimated photometric errors are typically less than 1% but show 2-5% in two of fifteen cases. This suggests that the short-term variation of the water vapor is one of the factors which limit the photometric accuracy in ground based mid-infrared observations.
General Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

The successful operation of cognitive radio (CR) between CR transmitter and CR receiver (CR link) relies on reliable spectrum sensing. To network CRs requires spectrum sensing at CR transmitter and further information regarding the spectrum availability at CR receiver. Redefining the spectrum sensing along with statistical inference suitable for cognitive radio networks (CRN), we mathematically derive conditions to allow CR transmitter forwarding packets to CR receiver under guaranteed outage probability, and prove that the correlation of localized spectrum availability between a cooperative node and CR receiver determines effectiveness of the cooperative scheme. Applying our novel mathematical model to potential hidden terminals in CRN, we illustrate that the allowable transmission region of a CR, defined as neighborhood, is no longer circular shape even in a pure path loss channel model. This results in asymmetric CR links to make bidirectional links generally inappropriate in CRN, though this challenge can be alleviated by cooperative sensing. Therefore, spectrum sensing capability determines CRN topology. For multiple cooperative nodes, to fully utilize spectrum availability, the selection methodology of cooperative nodes is developed due to limited overhead of information exchange. Defining reliability as information of spectrum availability at CR receiver provided by a cooperative node and by applying neighborhood area, we can compare sensing capability of cooperative nodes from both link and network perspectives. In addition, due to lack of centralized coordination in dynamic CRN, CRs can only acquire local and partial information within limited sensing duration, robust spectrum sensing is therefore proposed. Limits of cooperative schemes and their impacts on network operation are also derived.
Innovative CS imaging methods in transformed domains

The solution of linear microwave imaging problems is considered in this work through innovative classes of Compressive Sensing (CS) methods. More in detail, the formulation of the inversion process in transformed domains with sparseness-regularized formulations is considered. Representative numerical examples illustrating the potentialities and limitations of the arising CS inversion approaches are reported.
Induction of cross-language affix and letter sequence correspondence

We introduce the problem of explicit modeling of form relationships between words in different languages, focusing here on languages having an alphabetic writing system and affixal morphology. We present an algorithm that learns the cross-language correspondence between affixes and letter sequences. The algorithm does not assume prior knowledge of affixes in any of the languages, using only a simple single letter correspondence as seed. Results are given for the English-Spanish language pair.
Temperature rise estimation of substation connectors using data-driven models: Case: Thermal conveccion response

A wide study regarding the suitability of data-driven modelling applied to the prediction of thermal convection responses on substation connectors is presented in this paper. The study starts with the compilation of a database with thermal profiles obtained from a finite element method simulation (FEM). Afterwards, we applied partitioning methods in order to increase the number of data sets used for modelling and later evaluate the stability of the learning algorithms. After the modeling process, the accuracy of the model per each data set is measured and the statistics about the errors are analyzed. Normality test are applied to measure the error variance. They bring us information about the error distribution and the stability of the learning algorithms. The study finish when it probes that any data-driven model is computationally less time expensive than any FEM simulation running on this study. Experimental work also confirms that the accuracy of the data-driven models: cascade feed forward neural network and feed forward neural network, can replace the FEM simulations; providing a high accuracy and a low error variance while speeding up the simulation time.
Comparative Kinetic and Functional Characterization of the Motor Domains of Human Nonmuscle Myosin-2C Isoforms*

Nonmuscle myosins are widely distributed and play important roles in the maintenance of cell morphology and cytokinesis. In this study, we compare the detailed kinetic and functional characterization of naturally occurring transcript variants of the motor domain of human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (NMHC)-2C. NMHC-2C is alternatively spliced both in loop-1 and loop-2. Isoform 2C0 contains no inserts in either of the loops and represents the shortest isoform. An 8-amino acid extension in the loop-1 region is present in isoforms 2C1 and 2C1C2. Isoform 2C1C2 additionally displays a 33-amino acid extension in the loop-2 region. Transient kinetic experiments indicate increased rate constants for F-actin binding by isoform 2C1C2 in the absence and presence of nucleotide, which can be attributed to the loop-2 extension. ADP binding shows only minor differences for the three transcript variants. In contrast, larger differences are observed for the rates of ADP release both in the absence and presence of F-actin. The largest differences are observed between isoforms 2C0 and 2C1C2. In the absence and presence of F-actin, isoform 2C1C2 displays a 5–7-fold increase in ADP affinity. Moreover, our results indicate that the ADP release kinetics of all three isoforms are modulated by changes in the concentration of free Mg2+ ions. The greatest responsiveness of the NMHC-2C isoforms is observed in the physiological range from 0.2 to 1.5 mm free Mg2+ ions, affecting their duty ratio, velocity, and tension-bearing properties.
Interaction of growth factors during progression towards steroid independence in T‐47‐D human breast cancer cells

When deprived of steroid in the long term, T‐47‐D human breast cancer cells lose estrogen sensitivity of cell growth. This loss of response results from an increased basal growth rate in the absence of steroid, not from a loss of estrogen‐simulated growth, and it occurs without any loss of estrogen receptor number or function. Growth factor gene expression and sensitivity have been investigated in this model system in an attempt to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression to steroid autonomy. The transition was accompanied by a decreased dependence on added serum and by a loss of the stimulatory effects of insulin and basic fibroblast growth factor, but also by an acquired sensitivity to stimulation by transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). An increase in TGF‐β mRNA was detected following loss of steroid sensitivity. There was no increase in epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor number. These findings are discussed in relation to current knowledge concerning the mechanisms by which estrogens stimulate breast cancer cell proliferation.
ACADEME: Aerial Cell-Assisted Device-Edge coinference ModEl in 6G Wireless Network

In the 6G wireless network, there may be a communication architecture with three levels of systems: user equipment (UE), non-terrestrial aerial low altitude platform (LAP), and terrestrial base station with mobile edge computing (MEC). Co-inference is the intelligent sharing of the multiple computing layers in the AI/ML model amongst the UE, LAP, and MEC. Computing, storage, and power shared between the above systems for co-inference will bring several system-level advantages. Furthermore, it optimizes the required data traffic bandwidth, energy consumption, and end-to-end latency. The available literature has analyzed the optimal split point of the AI/ML model between UE and MEC (one wireless link). However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the AI/ML split model in the case of UE, LAP, and MEC architectures with two wireless links (UE to LAP and LAP to MEC). In this paper, for the first time, we propose a novel device-edge co-inference with a LAP-based aerial cell having computing power. We present a novel Aerial Cell-Assisted Device-Edge co-inference ModEl (ACADEME) algorithm that optimally assigns layers to compute to UE, LAP, and MEC according to two wireless link characteristics to minimize power consumption and latency of inference. Through mathematical modelling and simulations, we show that the proposed coinference substantially reduces latency, i.e., by 47% through the selection of the two optimal split points of the AI/ML model, one each at the UE and the LAP-based aerial cell, respectively.
Convergence Results for Non-Conforming hp Methods : The Mortar Finite Element Method

In this paper, we present uniform convergence results for the mortar finite element method (which is an example of a non-conforming method), for h, p and hp discretizations over general meshes. Our numerical and theoretical results show that the mortar finite element method is a good candidate for hp implementation and also that the optimal rates afforded by the conforming h, p and hp discretizations are preserved when this non-conforming method is used, even over highly nonquasiuniform meshes. Design over complex domains often requires the concatenation of separately constructed meshes over subdomains. In such cases it is difficult to coordinate the submeshes so that they conform over interfaces. Therefore, non-conforming elements such as the mortar finite element method [2, 3, 4] are used to “glue” these submeshes together. Such techniques are also useful in applications where the discretization needs to be selectively increased in localized regions (such as those around corners or other features) which contribute most to the pollution error in any problem. Moreover, different variational problems in different subdomains can also be combined using non-conforming methods. When p and hp methods are being used, the interface incompatibility may be present not only in the meshes but also in the degrees chosen on the elements from the two sides. Hence the concatenating method used must be formulated to accomodate various degrees, and also be stable and optimal both in terms of mesh refinement (h version) and degree enhancement (p version). Moreover, this stability and optimality should be preserved when highly non-quasiuniform meshes are used around corners (such as the geometrical ones in the hp version). We present theoretical convergence results for the mortar finite element method from [7],[8] and extend these in two ways in this paper. First, we show that the stability estimates established for the mortar projection operator (Theorem 2 in
A Multilingual Speaker Verification System: Architecture and Performance Evaluation

In this contribution we present a multilingual secure access front-end that checks the identity of the user of a service through the mobile, PSTN or the IP network (G.723, G.729). Our system prototype is based on speech recognition and speaker verification technologies and it uses a decision mechanism to combine the outputs of both modules. The main objective of the system is to develop a product prototype that will increase the services access security with no increase of the service complexity. The system will initially work in six European Languages (Spanish, English, French, Catalan, Galician and Basque) even though the system architecture will easily allow the addition of new languages. Our system is being developed through a Trial EC project called SAFE. (*) http://www.atvs. diac.upm. es/safe/
Towards dynamic trot gait locomotion: Design, control, and experiments with Cheetah-cub, a compliant quadruped robot

We present the design of a novel compliant quadruped robot, called Cheetah-cub, and a series of locomotion experiments with fast trotting gaits. The robot’s leg configuration is based on a spring-loaded, pantograph mechanism with multiple segments. A dedicated open-loop locomotion controller was derived and implemented. Experiments were run in simulation and in hardware on flat terrain and with a step down, demonstrating the robot’s self-stabilizing properties. The robot reached a running trot with short flight phases with a maximum Froude number of FR = 1.30, or 6.9 body lengths per second. Morphological parameters such as the leg design also played a role. By adding distal in-series elasticity, self-stability and maximum robot speed improved. Our robot has several advantages, especially when compared with larger and stiffer quadruped robot designs. (1) It is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the fastest of all quadruped robots below 30kg (in terms of Froude number and body lengths per second). (2) It shows self-stabilizing behavior over a large range of speeds with open-loop control. (3) It is lightweight, compact, and electrically powered. (4) It is cheap, easy to reproduce, robust, and safe to handle. This makes it an excellent tool for research of multi-segment legs in quadruped robots.
Frobenius splitting of certain rings of invariants

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0, and V an n-dimensional k-vector space together with a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form. Let G denote one of the groups G = SL(V ) or SO(V ) where we assume that p > 2 if G=SO(V ). Let R denote the coordinate ring of V m,q := V ⊕m . V ⊕*q (resp. V m := V ⊕m ) if G = SL(V ) (resp. if G = SO(V )), V* being the dual of V . The defining representation of G on V induces the diagonal action of G on V m,q (resp. V m ). Let S=R G . In this paper, we show that S is Frobenius split.
An O(n2 algorithm for circular-arc graph recognition

In this paper we demonstrate a close relationship between circular-arc graphs and chordal bipartite graphs. We exploit this relationship to achieve an O(n2) time circular-arc graph recognition algorithm. The algorithm employs a new 0 (n2) time method for computing neighborhood containment relations in circular-am graphs and reductions to the recognition problem on circular-arc graphs whose vertices can be partitioned into two cliques. The recognition algorithm also yields an 0 (n2) time isomorphism test for circular-arc graphs.
Transcranial Doppler detection of microemboli during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to treat coronary artery disease is now commonplace. The occurrence of microemboli during invasive procedures such as cardiac angiography and bypass surgery is well documented, although neurological complications are relatively uncommon. To date, no investigation has been undertaken of the frequency or nature of microemboli occurring during PTCA or of the correlation with aortic atheroma. METHODS Twenty patients having elective PTCA underwent examination by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) to detect left middle cerebral artery microemboli occurring during the procedure. Blinded off-line analysis correlated microembolic signal counts on TCD with the components of each stage of the PTCA. Patients later underwent transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography, with measurements made of the thickness of the intima and atheroma in the ascending and descending thoracic aortic arch by cardiologists blinded to the TCD results. RESULTS A total of 973 microembolic signals were detected (mean+/-SD, 48.7+/-36.7 per patient); 196 (20%) occurred on movement of the PTCA catheter and wire around the aortic arch, 84 (9%) with other PTCA catheter-associated movements, and 679 (70%) in association with injection of solutions (eg, saline and contrast). Mean signal counts during contrast injection were significantly greater than during the other 3 phases (P<0.001). No neurological events occurred in the study. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend toward greater microembolic signal counts with the number of times the catheter was passed around the aortic arch and the amount of arch atheroma detected by transesophageal echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS Microemboli detected on TCD are a common occurrence during PTCA but are largely asymptomatic. The majority of microembolic signals are most probably gaseous in origin and do not appear to be related to the extent of aortic atheroma or to clinical events.
A Single Nucleotide Change in the 5′ Noncoding Region of Sindbis Virus Confers Neurovirulence in Rats

ABSTRACT Two pairs of Sindbis virus (SV) variants that differ in their neuroinvasive and neurovirulent traits in mice have been isolated. Recently, we mapped the genetic determinants responsible for neuroinvasiveness in weanling mice. Here, we extend this study to newborn and adult rats and to rat neuronal cultures. Remarkably, certain aspects of the pathogenesis of these strains in rats were found to be quite distinct from the mouse model. Suckling rats were susceptible to all four isolates, and replication in the brain was observed after both intraperitoneal and intracranial (i.c.) inoculation. None of the isolates was neuroinvasive in adult rats, although all replicated after i.c. inoculation. For the isolate pair that was highly neurovirulent in mice, SVN and SVNI, only SVNI caused death after i.c. inoculation of adult rats. Similarly, only SVNI was cytotoxic for primary cultures of mature neurons. The genetic determinants responsible for the pathogenic properties of SVNI were mapped to the E2 glycoprotein and the 5′ noncoding region (5′NCR). Substitution of two amino acids in SVN E2 with the corresponding residues of SVNI (Met-190 and Lys-260) led to paralysis in 3- and 5-week-old rats. More dramatically, a single substitution in the 5′NCR of SVN (G at position 8) transformed the virus into a lethal pathogen for 3-week-old rats like SVNI. In 5-week-old rats, however, this recombinant was attenuated relative to SVNI by 2 orders of magnitude. Combination of the E2 and 5′NCR determinants resulted in a recombinant with virulence properties indistinguishable from those of SVNI. These data indicate that the 5′NCR and E2 play an instrumental role in determining the age-dependent pathogenic properties of SV in rats.