Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leisure Engagement Among People Living With Acquired Brain Injury: A Scoping Review

Return to previously valued occupations is a common goal of individuals following acquired brain injury (ABI). However, the focus of rehabilitation is often on self-care and productivity occupations. Return to leisure should be a priority of rehabilitation to support a person’s physical, cognitive, social, and emotional well-being. Consequently, the aim of this article was to review the research evidence on engagement in leisure occupations among community-dwelling adults living with ABI. A six-step scoping review was conducted searching five databases. Articles were included if they focused on leisure engagement post-stroke or traumatic brain injury. Seventeen studies were included. Leisure engagement decreased post-ABI with engagement primarily in solitary, sedentary, cognitively inactive, home-based leisure. Leisure engagement was impacted by personal and contextual factors. The findings identify a need to focus on and address changes to leisure following ABI, with exploration of why these changes have occurred beyond personal factors.
Machine learning approach for carbon disclosure in the Korean market: The role of environmental performance

Over the past few decades, scholars have employed a wide range of methodologies to determine the factors influencing firms’ voluntary carbon disclosure. Most of these studies have been conducted in advanced markets. This article aims to examine the trend of voluntary carbon disclosure in the Korean financial market by utilizing machine learning models such as Random Forest and Gradient Boosted Decision Tree. Based on a set of hand-collected carbon disclosure data, we initially demonstrated significantly better performance of machine learning models compared to the traditional logistic model. Regarding the factors influencing disclosure, we consistently find the importance of environmental scores, emphasizing the role of the emerging mega-trend of ESG management practices in disclosure decisions. However, in contrast to recent studies, we do not find that the unique Korean governance structure, chaebol, has any significantly different implications in terms of prediction performance and variable importance in carbon disclosure decisions.
Biological capability of selected ecological sites in the western Dakotas

Sharp-tailed grouse habitat on the Dakota Prairie Grasslands are assessed by habitat structure with the use of the Robel pole to measure visual obstructive readings (VOR). The purpose of this study was to determine 1) if all selected ecological sites (loamy, thin loamy, and claypan) are biologically capable of producing high structure (VOR > 3.5 in) with 3 years of protection from livestock grazing and 2) if strong and consistent correlations exist between standing crop and visual obstruction among ecological sites and across years. Results showed that 1) all selected ecological sites were biologically capable of producing high structure 2) strong correlations between standing crop and visual obstruction were not consistent among ecological sites and across years, 3) year effects were evident in plant community composition, and 4) 2,534 kg∙ha -1 (se ± 205.3) of standing crop provides the mean threshold to determine if the selected ecological sites are biologically capable.
Impact of wearable wireless continuous vital sign monitoring in abdominal surgical patients: before–after study

Abstract Background Technological advances have enabled continuous monitoring of vital signs (CMVS) by wearable, wireless devices on general hospital wards to facilitate early detection of clinical deterioration, which could potentially improve clinical outcomes. However, evidence on the impact of these CMVS systems on patient outcomes is limited. This research aimed to explore the effect of CMVS on the clinical outcomes in major abdominal surgery patients in a general surgery ward. Methods A single-centre before–after study was conducted from October 2019 to June 2022. Patients in the intervention group received CMVS in addition to conventional intermittent vital sign monitoring (standard care for control group). With CMVS, heart rate and respiratory rate were measured every 5 min by a patch sensor. Proactive vital signs trends assessments and, when necessary, subsequent nursing activities were performed every nursing shift. The primary outcome of interest was the length of hospital stay (LOS); also, 12 patient-related outcomes were analysed. In the CMVS group, follow-up nursing activities of deviating vital signs trends were described and patient acceptability was measured. Post-hoc subgroup analysis was performed for colorectal and hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. Results A total of 908 patients were included (colorectal: n = 650; hepatopancreatobiliary: n = 257). Overall, median LOS was lower in the CMVS group (5.0 versus 5.5 days; P = 0.012), respectively. Post-hoc subgroup analysis showed this reduction in LOS was mostly observed in the colorectal group and not in the hepatopancreatobiliary group. Apart from a decrease in nurse-to-house-officer calls (from 15.3% to 7.7%; P = 0.007), all secondary clinical outcomes were similar in CMVS and control groups. However, a non-significant trend towards less-severe complications and reduced ICU LOS was observed in the CMVS group. In CMVS patients, 109 additional nursing activities were performed and 83% of patients indicated CMVS was acceptable. Conclusion CMVS was associated with a significant reduction in LOS, while other clinical outcomes were unchanged. CMVS triggered additional nursing activities such as extra patient assessments and therapeutic interventions.
Adverse childhood experiences and unhealthy dietary behaviours in adulthood

Objective: This study assesses the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) occurring before the age of 18 years and patterns of fast-food consumption and sugary beverage consumption in adulthood. The study also examines how perceived stress and socio-economic status (SES) (college educational attainment and income) in adulthood mediate this relationship. Design: Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adulthood Health (N 8599), multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess the association between ACE and unhealthy dietary behaviours in adulthood. Karlson–Holm–Breen mediation analysis is used to determine the mediating effects of SES and perceived stress. Setting: Persons living in the USA in 2016–2018. Participants: Adults (n 8599) aged 33–44 years. Results: The findings show an association between four or more ACE and high fast-food (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1·436, 95 % CI = 1·040, 1·983) and high sugary beverage consumption (RRR = 1·435, 95 % CI = 1·002, 2·055). The association between ACE and high fast-food consumption is partially mediated by college educational attainment, and the association between ACE and high sugary beverage consumption is partially mediated by perceived stress and college educational attainment. Conclusions: ACE can have long-term consequences for unhealthy dietary behaviours in adulthood, and this relationship is partially due to a lower likelihood of higher perceived stress and college educational attainment among ACE-exposed persons. Future research is needed to understand further the influence of ACE on dietary patterns over the life course.
Trust in and Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medicine: Mixed Methods Study

Background Artificial intelligence (AI)–powered technologies are being increasingly used in almost all fields, including medicine. However, to successfully implement medical AI applications, ensuring trust and acceptance toward such technologies is crucial for their successful spread and timely adoption worldwide. Although AI applications in medicine provide advantages to the current health care system, there are also various associated challenges regarding, for instance, data privacy, accountability, and equity and fairness, which could hinder medical AI application implementation. Objective The aim of this study was to identify factors related to trust in and acceptance of novel AI-powered medical technologies and to assess the relevance of those factors among relevant stakeholders. Methods This study used a mixed methods design. First, a rapid review of the existing literature was conducted, aiming to identify various factors related to trust in and acceptance of novel AI applications in medicine. Next, an electronic survey including the rapid review–derived factors was disseminated among key stakeholder groups. Participants (N=22) were asked to assess on a 5-point Likert scale (1=irrelevant to 5=relevant) to what extent they thought the various factors (N=19) were relevant to trust in and acceptance of novel AI applications in medicine. Results The rapid review (N=32 papers) yielded 110 factors related to trust and 77 factors related to acceptance toward AI technology in medicine. Closely related factors were assigned to 1 of the 19 overarching umbrella factors, which were further grouped into 4 categories: human-related (ie, the type of institution AI professionals originate from), technology-related (ie, the explainability and transparency of AI application processes and outcomes), ethical and legal (ie, data use transparency), and additional factors (ie, AI applications being environment friendly). The categorized 19 umbrella factors were presented as survey statements, which were evaluated by relevant stakeholders. Survey participants (N=22) represented researchers (n=18, 82%), technology providers (n=5, 23%), hospital staff (n=3, 14%), and policy makers (n=3, 14%). Of the 19 factors, 16 (84%) human-related, technology-related, ethical and legal, and additional factors were considered to be of high relevance to trust in and acceptance of novel AI applications in medicine. The patient’s gender, age, and education level were found to be of low relevance (3/19, 16%). Conclusions The results of this study could help the implementers of medical AI applications to understand what drives trust and acceptance toward AI-powered technologies among key stakeholders in medicine. Consequently, this would allow the implementers to identify strategies that facilitate trust in and acceptance of medical AI applications among key stakeholders and potential users.
Improved meteorology and ozone air quality simulations using MODIS land surface parameters in the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster, China

Land surface parameters play an important role in the land‐atmosphere coupling and thus are critical to the weather and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. This work aims at improving the meteorology and air quality simulations for a high‐ozone (O3) event in the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster of China, through incorporation of satellite‐derived land surface parameters. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) input to specify the land cover type, green vegetation fraction, leaf area index, albedo, emissivity, and deep soil temperature provides a more realistic representation of surface characteristics. Preliminary evaluations reveal clearly improved meteorological simulation with MODIS input compared with that using default parameters, particularly for temperature (from −2.5 to −1.7°C for mean bias) and humidity (from 9.7% to 4.3% for mean bias). The improved meteorology propagates through the air quality system, which results in better estimates for surface NO2 (from 11.5 to 8.0 ppb for mean bias) and nocturnal O3 low‐end concentration values (from −18.8 to −13.6 ppb for mean bias). Modifications of the urban land surface parameters are the main reason for model improvement. The deeper urban boundary layer and intense updraft induced by the urban heat island are favorable for pollutant dilution, thus contributing to lower NO2 and elevated nocturnal O3. Furthermore, the intensified sea‐land breeze circulation may exacerbate O3 pollution at coastal cities through pollutant recirculation. Improvement of mesoscale meteorology and air quality simulations with satellite‐derived land surface parameters will be useful for air pollution monitoring and forecasting in urban areas.
Influence of sea ice on ocean water vapor isotopes and Greenland ice core records

A warming climate results in sea ice loss and impacts to the Arctic water cycle. The water isotope parameter deuterium excess, a moisture source proxy, can serve as a tracer to help understand hydrological changes due to sea ice loss. However, unlocking the sea ice change signal of isotopes from ice cores requires understanding how sea ice changes impact deuterium excess, which is unknown. Here we present the first isotope data linking a gradient of sea ice extents to oceanic water vapor deuterium excess values. Initial loss of sea ice extent leads to lower deuterium excess moisture sources, and then values progressively increase with further ice loss. Our new process‐based interpretation suggests that past rapid (1–3 years) Greenland ice core changes in deuterium excess during warming might not be the result of abrupt atmospheric circulation shifts, but rather gradual loss of sea ice extent at northern latitude moisture sources.
Anisotropic deformation characteristics of soft marine clay involved the change of b-values and stress direction

ABSTRACT In actual engineering, soft clay foundations are in drained or partial drained conditions, it would be useful to establish reasonable constitutive relationship and provide guidance for engineering projects. A hollow cylinder apparatus is used to investigate the anisotropic deformation behavior of natural soft marine clay influenced by intermediate principal stress coefficient b and principal stress direction α. Tests were conducted by maintaining a fixed principal stress direction α relative to the vertical direction, while keeping the intermediate principal stress coefficient b constant. It was found that the anisotropic deformation behavior of natural soft clay is merely influenced by major principal stress direction α, but significantly influenced by intermediate principal stress coefficient b.
The impacts of key adverse weather events on the field‐grown vegetable yield variability in the Czech Republic from 1961 to 2014

The response of field‐grown vegetables to adverse weather conditions is strongly coupled to the timing of adverse events, the sensitivity of the growth stage of the impacted crop and the management actions that are taken. To estimate the long‐term yield response to changes in temperature and precipitation as well as the short‐term response to key adverse weather events (e.g. heavy precipitation, drought and heat stress) on the yields of vegetable crops, we used several statistical approaches with six daily impact‐indicators, the four monthly drought indices and the climate trends. Our study integrated a newly available historical yield dataset at the district level (the finest spatial resolution) for all highly marketable vegetables (celeriac, late carrots, root parsley, early kohlrabi, summer savoy cabbage, late cauliflower, late cabbage, onions, green peas, tomatoes, salad and pickling cucumbers) and a high‐resolution historical climate dataset (seven daily meteorological variables at a 10 × 10 km resolution) over a 54‐year period in the Czech Republic (CZ). Different indices were used to reflect different dimensions of water and heat stress, which have different impacts on vegetable growth and yield. We find positive long‐term impacts of recent warming on fruiting vegetables (from 4.9 to 12.2% °C−1) but decreases in the yield stability of traditionally grown root vegetables in the warmest areas of the country. Short‐term extreme temperature variabilities (days with heat stress) were found to be the dominant type of adverse event for tomato and cucumber production due to its effect on increased soil water demand, which increased transpiration rates, whereas changes in both the diurnal temperature ranges and minimum temperature (Tmin) were associated with minimal risk of frost damage. Brassicas vegetables are widely irrigated in the CZ, but irrigation does not fully mitigate drought effects; hence, short‐term extreme precipitation variability largely controls crop production in the growing districts. The high frequencies of dry days and days with heavy precipitation within the critical growth stages of brassicas reflect a competition between more dry days and greater precipitation intensity on wet days. The yield variability of bulbs is largely explained by both short‐term extreme precipitation and temperature variability (drought‐heat stress), which reflects the predominantly rain‐fed system of onion cultivation. Both drought and heat stress and changes in Tmin were important in explaining yield losses of root vegetables. Legumes had the lowest risk of multiple stresses during their short growth cycle, but droughts remain the dominant type of adverse event. Years with yield gains were substantially more common than years with yield losses for brassicas, bulbs and legumes vegetables in all of the cultivated regions.
Micro X‐Ray computed tomography imaging and ultrasonic velocity measurements in tetrahydrofuran‐hydrate‐bearing sediments

Naturally occurring gas hydrates contain significant amounts of natural gas that might be produced as an energy resource in the foreseeable future. Thus, it is necessary to understand the pore‐space characteristics of hydrate reservoirs, particularly the pore‐scale distribution of the hydrate and its interaction with the sediment. Four end‐member models for hydrate distribution in the pore space are pore filling, sediment‐frame component, envelope cementing, and contact cementing. The goal of this study is to compare the models with pore‐scale hydrate distributions obtained in laboratory‐formed hydrates. Our results verify hydrate pore‐scale distributions by direct, visual observations that were previously implied by indirect, elastic property measurements.
The clinical characteristics and outcomes of different inhaled therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with frequent cough

Abstract Background Cough is a common symptom in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with cough may exhibit various clinical characteristics and experience varying outcomes based on inhaled therapies they receive. Objectives This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and outcomes of various inhaled therapies in COPD patients with frequent cough. Methods This was a multicenter, prospective cohort study. Of these patients, the median cough score in COPD assessment test (CAT) was two. Patients were classified into frequent cough group if they scored two or over in the first item of CAT and infrequent cough group otherwise. Patients with frequent cough were then divided into long-acting antimuscarinic (LAMA), long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA)/LAMA, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)/LABA and ICS/LABA/LAMA groups. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) (CAT scores decreased ≥2 from baseline) and the improvement of cough (cough score decreased ≥1 from baseline) were collected in the six-month follow-up. Frequent exacerbations (experiencing at least two exacerbations) were collected in the one-year follow-up. Results Of 906 patients, 581 (64.1%) patients reported frequent cough at the initial visit. Frequent cough was associated with the current smokers and CAT scores (p < 0.05). The MCID showed no significant difference between frequent cough and infrequent cough groups in the follow-up. More patients with frequent cough experienced future frequent exacerbations compared to those with infrequent cough. After receiving inhaled therapies, 62% of patients with frequent cough got the cough improved. More patients with frequent cough treated with LABA/LAMA or ICS/LABA/LAMA attained MCID and fewer experienced exacerbations than those treated with LAMA or ICS/LABA (p < 0.05). The change in cough score showed no difference among various inhaled therapies in patients with frequent cough. Conclusion COPD patients with frequent cough were related to current smokers and higher CAT scores. These patients had a higher incidence of frequent exacerbations than those with infrequent cough. Patients with frequent cough who were treated with LABA/LAMA or ICS/LABA/LAMA were more likely to attain MCID and at a lower risk of exacerbation than those treated with LAMA or ICS/LABA.
Folic acid: friend or foe in cancer therapy

Folic acid plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes, notably cell maturation and proliferation. Here, we performed a literature review using articles listed in electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. In this review article, we describe contradictory data regarding the role of folic acid in cancer development and progression. While some studies have confirmed its beneficial effects in diminishing the risk of various cancers, others have reported a potential carcinogenic effect. The current narrative review elucidates these conflicting data by highlighting the possible molecular mechanisms explaining each point of view. Further multicenter molecular and genetic studies, in addition to human randomized clinical trials, are necessary to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between folic acid and cancer.
Identification of potential inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus shikimate dehydrogenase through virtual screening and susceptibility test

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus shikimate dehydrogenase (SaSDH) plays a crucial role in the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), but absent in mammals and therefore a potential target for antibacterial drugs to treat drug-resistant S. aureus infection. In this study, a 3D model of SaSDH was constructed by homology modelling and inhibitors of SaSDH were screened through virtual screening. (-)-Gallocatechin gallate and rhodiosin were identified as inhibitors with Kis of 2.47 μM and 73.38 μM, respectively. Molecular docking and isothermal titration calorimetry showed that both inhibitors interact with SaSDH with a KD of 44.65 μM for (-)-gallocatechin gallate and 16.45 μM for rhodiosin. Both inhibitors had antibacterial activity, showing MICs of 50 μg/mL for (-)-gallocatechin gallate and 250 μg/mL for rhodiosin against S. aureus. The current findings have the potential for identification of drugs to treat S. aureus infections by targeting SaSDH.