Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The D/H ratio in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune from Herschel-PACS observations

Herschel-PACS measurements of the rotational R(0) and R(1) HD lines in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune are analyzed in order to derive a D/H ratio with improved precision for both planets. The derivation of the D/H ratio includes also previous measurements of the R(2) line by the Short Wavelength Spectrometer on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). The available spectroscopic line information of the three rotational transitions is discussed and applied in the radiative transfer calculations. The best simultaneous fit of all three lines requires only a minor departure from the Spitzer temperature profile of Uranus and a departure limited to 2K from the Voyager temperature profile of Neptune (both around the tropopause). The resulting and remarkably similar D/H ratios for Uranus and Neptune are found to be (4.4$\pm$0.4)$\times10^{-5}$ and (4.1$\pm$0.4)$\times10^{-5}$ respectively. Although the deuterium enrichment in both atmospheres compared to the protosolar value is confirmed, it is found to be lower compared to previous analysis. Using the interior models of Podolak et al. (1995), Helled et al. (2011) and Nettelmann et al. (2013), and assuming that complete mixing of the atmosphere and interior occured during the planets history, we derive a D/H in protoplanetary ices between (5.75--7.0)$\times10^{-5}$ for Uranus and between (5.1--7.7)$\times10^{-5}$ for Neptune. Conversely, adopting a cometary D/H for the protoplanetary ices between (15-30)$\times10^{-5}$, we constrain the interior models of both planets to have an ice mass fraction of 14-32%, i.e. that the two planets are rock-dominated.
Oxidative Stress in Fibromyalgia: From Pathology to Treatment

Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain associated with sleep problems, fatigue, depression, and anxiety. The persistence of pain, impairment of cognitive function, and negative impact on the psychological state have caused a detrimental effect on the patients' quality of life. However, to date, the treatment and mechanisms of this disease are yet to be established. Oxidative stress might play a critical role in FM pathophysiology. Increased levels of prooxidative factors such as nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, and mitophagy can cause pain sensitization in fibromyalgia. Numerous studies have supported the hypothesis of beneficial antioxidative effects in FM. Due to the lack of effective therapy for fibromyalgia, many treatments are sought to reduce pain and fatigue and improve patients' quality of life. This manuscript discusses the impact of various antioxidative procedures that can diminish fibromyalgia symptoms, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, modification of dietary habits, and physical activity.
BINARY INTERACTIONS AS A POSSIBLE SCENARIO FOR THE FORMATION OF MULTIPLE STELLAR POPULATIONS IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

Observations have revealed the presence of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters (GCs) that exhibit wide abundance variations and multiple sequences in the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram. We present a scenario for the formation of multiple stellar populations in GCs. In this scenario, initial GCs are single-generation clusters, and our model predicts that the stars with anomalous abundances observed in GCs are merged stars and accretor stars produced by binary interactions—rapidly rotating stars at the moment of their formation—and that these stars are more massive than normal single stars in the same evolutionary stage. We find that, due to their own evolution, these rapidly rotating stars have surface abundances, effective temperatures, and luminosities that are different from normal single stars in the same evolutionary stage. This stellar population of binaries reproduces two important points of observational evidence of multiple stellar populations: a Na–O anticorrelation and multiple sequences in the HR diagram. This evidence suggests that binary interactions may be a possible scenario for the formation of multiple stellar populations in GCs.
Co-movement of cryptocurrencies and African stock returns: A multiresolution analysis

Abstract This paper investigates the co-movement between cryptocurrencies and African stock returns to uncover their degree of association and global portfolio diversification benefits implementing the three-dimensional continuous Morlet wavelet transform technique. Data span 10 August 2015 to 10 December 2021 at daily frequency. The results suggest high degrees of co-movement between the asset markets at medium and lower frequencies implying that stock markets in Africa are highly exposed to cryptocurrency market disruptions from the medium term and that international investors seeking to hedge their price risk in African stock markets using cryptocurrencies may have to look at the short term. The phase difference arrow vectors implying lead (lag) effects are time-varying and heterogeneous showing no particular cryptocurrency or stock market as leader or follower. Different markets have the potential to lead or lag other markets at varying scales which may induce arbitrage opportunities for international and local investors. Our findings provide insights for policymakers, regulators and international investors as an economy’s monetary policy can be affected by the connections between the domestic capital market and other markets globally.
Abell 48 – a rare WN-type central star of a planetary nebula

A considerable fraction of the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe) are hydrogendeficient. Almost all of these H-deficient central stars (CSs) display spectra with strong carbon and helium lines. Most of them exhibit emission-line spectra resembling those of massive WC stars. Therefore these stars are classed as CSPNe of spectral type [WC]. Recently, quantitative spectral analysis of two emission-line CSs, PB 8 and IC 4663, revealed that these stars do not belong to the [WC] class. Instead PB 8 has been classified as [WN/WC] type and IC 4663 as [WN] type. In this work we report the spectroscopic identification of another rare [WN] star, the CS of Abell 48. We performed a spectral analysis of Abell 48 with the Potsdam Wolf– Rayet (PoWR) models for expanding atmospheres. We find that the expanding atmosphere of Abell 48 is mainly composed of helium (85 per cent by mass), hydrogen (10 per cent) and nitrogen (5 per cent). The residual hydrogen and the enhanced nitrogen abundance make this object different from the other [WN] star IC 4663. We discuss the possible origin of this atmospheric composition.
The Effect of DER, Firm Size, and CR on PBV with ROE as an Intervening Variable

Research aim: The study is intended to analyze the influence of debt-to-equity ratios, firm size, and current ratio on price-to-book value using the return on equity as an intervening variable.Design/Methodology/Approach: The population in this research was basic materials sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2020. Meanwhile, the number of samples in this study was 70, collected by purposive sampling. Research findings: This study confirmed that DER had a good and strong effect on ROE. Firm size and CR had no considerable influence on ROE. ROE had a significant positive effect on PBV, while DER, firm size, and CR had no significant impact on PBV. In addition, ROE was susceptible to being an intervening variable of a DER but was not susceptible to being an intervention variable of firm size and CR variables.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The return on equity (ROE) variable served as the intervening variable in the study, while in previous studies, DER, firm size, and CR variables were not intervened by ROE.Practitioner/Policy implication: Researchers suggest that investors can use other variables to make investment decisions. Researchers can also further develop broader objects, such as using other sectors and adding or replacing other variables to determine the feasibility of investing.Research limitation: The scope of this study was relative, and there were many insignificances due to the limited variables and sectors used. Hence, increasing the number of variables and a wider sector will be able to strengthen this research’s outcomes. Further research must be able to produce significant values and affect the variables in question.
YOUNG STELLAR GROUPS AND THEIR MOST MASSIVE STARS

We analyze the masses and spatial distributions of 14 young stellar groups in Taurus, Lupus3, ChaI, and IC348. These nearby groups, which typically contain 20–40 members, have membership catalogs complete to ∼0.02 M☉, and are sufficiently young that their locations should be similar to where they formed. These groups show five properties seen in clusters having many more stars and much greater surface density of stars: (1) a broad range of masses, (2) a concentration of the most massive star toward the center of the group, (3) an association of the most massive star with a high surface density of lower mass stars, (4) a correlation of the mass of the most massive star with the total mass of the group, and (5) the distribution of a large fraction of the mass in a small fraction of the stars.
Velocity and size quantification of drops in single and collective bursting bubbles experiments

Mechanisms of droplet production from bursting bubbles have been extensively studied for single bubbles, but remain sparsely investigated in more complex collective settings. We discuss jet and ﬁlm drop velocity-size relationships from physics-based mechanisms as a potential means to further differentiate between various mechanisms and correctly de-termine the drops origin. We report dynamical experiments of drop production by bursting bubbles in single and collective setups. In the collective bubbling experiment, subsurface quasimonodisperse bubbles are rising up to the surface where, depending on the surfactant concentration, they can either merge or assemble in rafts of monodisperse bubbles. Drop trajectories are recorded, analyzed, and shown to exhibit uniquely distinctive features for the different production mechanisms: centrifuge ﬁlm drops are ejected sideways, and jet drops are ejected vertically. Different single-burst scalings are ﬁnally compared to the experimental size-velocity relationships, and reveal that drops coming from collective bubble bursting appear slower and more scattered than when coming from single bursting bubbles.
L2 acquisition and L1 attrition of VOTs of voiceless plosives in highly proficient late bilinguals

While much research has examined second language (L2) phonetic acquisition, less research has examined first language (L1) attrition in terms of the voice onset time (VOT) of voiceless stops. The current study examined L2 acquisition and L1 attrition in the VOT of word-initial voiceless stops among late English–Arabic and Arabic–English bilinguals in order to explore the role of phonetic similarity in L2 acquisition and L1 attrition of speech. The study included 60 participants: 15 monolingual Arabic speakers, 15 monolingual English speakers, 15 English–Arabic bilinguals and 15 Arabic–English bilinguals. The bilinguals had been living in their L2 environment for more than 15 years. The participants narrated two cartoons in Arabic and/or three in English. The monolingual groups’ results revealed clear cross-language differences in the VOT of voiceless plosives between the two languages. Phonetic similarity affected L2 acquisition in that those L2 sounds that were close in phonetic space to L1 sounds (i.e. /t/ and /k/) were more difficult to acquire than those that were dissimilar to L1 sounds (i.e. /p/). However, L1 attrition showed an asymmetric pattern, occurring only in the English–Arabic bilinguals’ productions of the English /k/. We suggest that markedness might contribute to explaining this asymmetry.
Necessary condition for incompatibility of observables in general probabilistic theories

We quantify the intrinsic noise content of an observable in a general probabilistic theory and derive a noise content inequality for incompatible observables. We apply the derived inequality to standard quantum theory, the quantum theory of processes, and polytope state spaces. The noise content for positive operator-valued measures takes a particularly simple form and equals the sum of minimal eigenvalues of all the effects. We illustrate our findings with a number of examples including the introduced notion of reverse observables.
DARK STARS: A NEW LOOK AT THE FIRST STARS IN THE UNIVERSE

We have proposed that the first phase of stellar evolution in the history of the universe may be dark (matter powered) stars (DSs), luminous objects powered by dark matter (DM) heating rather than by nuclear fusion, and in this paper we examine the history of these DSs. The power source is annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) which are their own antiparticles. These WIMPs are the best motivated DM candidates and may be discovered by ongoing direct or indirect detection searches (e.g., Fermi/GLAST) or at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. A new stellar phase results, powered by DM annihilation as long as there is a DM fuel, from millions to billions of years. We build up the DSs from the time DM heating becomes the dominant power source, accreting more and more matter onto them. We have included many new effects in the current study, including a variety of particle masses and accretion rates, nuclear burning, feedback mechanisms, and possible repopulation of DM density due to capture. Remarkably, we find that in all these cases, we obtain the same result: the first stars are very large, 500–1000 times as massive as the Sun; as well as puffy (radii 1–10 AU), bright (106–107 L☉), and cool (Tsurf < 10, 000 K) during the accretion. These results differ markedly from the standard picture in the absence of DM heating, in which the maximum mass is about 140 M☉ and the temperatures are much hotter (Tsurf > 50,000 K). Hence DSs should be observationally distinct from standard Pop III stars. In addition, DSs avoid the (unobserved) element enrichment produced by the standard first stars. Once the DM fuel is exhausted, the DS becomes a heavy main-sequence star; these stars eventually collapse to form massive black holes that may provide seeds for the supermassive black holes observed at early times as well as explanations for recent ARCADE data and for intermediate-mass black holes.
Regulatory Compliance of Labels and Product Information Leaflets for Medicines Distributed in the Private Sector in South Sudan

Patient information leaflets (PILs) and labels are important for rational use of medicines as they provide additional information for patients on the medicines dispensed to them. In developing countries, this potential cannot be fully harnessed unless manufacturers provide medicines with labels and PILs that meet regulatory standards for content and user-friendliness. In South Sudan, it is not known if manufacturers uphold standards of these labels and PILs once their products are approved for distribution in the country. This study explored the degree to which medicines distributed in South Sudan comply with regulatory requirements for labels and PILs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at selected pharmacies in Juba, the capital city of South Sudan. Labels and PILs from tracer medicines (based on the WHO priority list of medicines for children and women) were retrieved and assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements. Clients leaving the pharmacies were also interviewed about their prescriptions and understanding of the PILs. This study demonstrated that availability of essential medicines for maternal and child health is limited in the private sector is limited (66% overall). Furthermore, the availability and quality of labels and PILs leave a lot to be desired (79% complied with labeling requirements; 68% complied for PIL. There was a tendency for compliance of products from certain countries to be particularly poor. PILs were given out for only 38% of medicines dispensed. Most patients (92%) leaving the pharmacy did not know contraindications for the medicines dispensed, while majority (83%) had no idea what they should do if they had forgotten to take their medicine on time. Limited availability of essential medicines in the private sector has implications on universal health coverage, as a good proportion of patients seek health care services through the private sector. Labels and PILs are essential for education on their medication and impact on rational use of medicines. Moving forward, the regulatory authority in South Sudan would benefit from establishing and implementing strict guidelines that compel importers to adhere to licensing conditions related to labels and PILs up to the last mile of the supply chain. Frequent post-marketing authorization inspections should be used to check on these aspects with punitive measures taken against noncompliant distributors.
Brane singularities with mixtures in the bulk

By extending previous analysis of the authors, a systematic study of the singularity structure and possible asymptotic behaviors of five‐dimensional braneworld solutions is performed in the case where the bulk is a mixture of an analog of perfect fluid (with a density and pressure depending on the extra coordinate) and a massless scalar field. The two bulk components interact by exchanging energy so that the total energy is conserved. In a particular range of the interaction parameters, we find flat brane general solutions avoiding the singularity at finite distance from the brane, in the same region of the equation of state constant parameter γ = P/ρ that we found previously in the absence of the bulk scalar field (‐1 < γ < ‐1/2).
Sejong Open Cluster Survey (SOS). 0. Target Selection And Data Analysis

Star clusters are superb astrophysical laboratories containing cospatial and coeval samples of stars with similar chemical composition. We initiate the Sejong Open cluster Survey (SOS) - a project dedicated to providing homogeneous photometry of a large number of open clusters in the SAAO Johnson-Cousin’ UBVI system. To achieve our main goal, we pay much attention to the observation of standard stars in order to reproduce the SAAO standard system. Many of our targets are relatively small sparse clusters that escaped previous observations. As clusters are considered building blocks of the Galactic disk, their physical properties such as the initial mass function, the pattern of mass segregation, etc. give valuable information on the formation and evolution of the Galactic disk. The spatial distribution of young open clusters will be used to revise the local spiral arm structure of the Galaxy. In addition, the homogeneous data can also be used to test stellar evolutionary theory, especially concerning rare massive stars. In this paper we present the target selection criteria, the observational strategy for accurate photometry, and the adopted calibrations for data analysis such as color-color relations, zero-age main sequence relations, Sp-Mv relations, Sp ? T eff relations, Sp ? color relations, and T eff ? BC relations. Finally we provide some data analysis such as the determination of the reddening law, the membership selection criteria, and distance determination.
The variation in molecular gas depletion time among nearby galaxies - II. The impact of galaxy internal structures

We use a data set of nearby galaxies drawn from the HERACLES, ATLAS3D, and COLD GASS surveys to study variations in molecular gas depletion time (Tdep) in galaxy structures such as bulges, grand-design spiral arms, bars and rings. Molecular gas is traced by CO line emission and star formation rate (SFR) is derived using the combination of far-ultraviolet and mid-infrared (MIR) data. The contribution of old stars to MIR emission for the ATLAS3D sample is corrected using 2MASS K-band images. We apply a two-dimensional image decomposition algorithm to decompose galaxies into bulges and discs. Spiral arms, bars and rings are identified in the residual maps, and molecular gas depletion times are derived on a square grid of 1 kpc^2 size. In previous work, we showed that Tdep correlates strongly with specific star formation rate (sSFR). We now find that at a given sSFR, the bulge has shorter Tdep than the disc. The shift to shorter depletion times is most pronounced in the inner bulge (R < 0.1Re). Grids from galaxies with bars and rings are similar to those from galactic bulges in that they have reduced Tdep at a given sSFR. In contrast, the Tdep versus sSFR relation in the discs of galaxies with spiral arms is displaced to longer Tdep at fixed sSFR. We then show that the differences in the Tdep-sSFR relation for bulges, discs, arms, bars and rings can be linked to variations in "stellar", rather than gas surface density between different structures. Our best current predictor for Tdep, both globally and for 1 kpc grids, is given by Tdep= -0.36log(Sigma_SFR)-0.5log(Sigma_*)+5.87.
Study the optical parameters of aluminum doped ZnS films deposited on soda-lime glass substrate

Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) thin films have gained popularity due to their potential field applications. ZnS doped with various elements is redefining academic and industrial research. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) was applied in the deposition process of undoped ZnS and aluminum (Al) doped zinc sulfide (AZS) on cleaned soda lime glass substrates. The doping effects of aluminum concentration (0, 2, 4, and 6%) on the characteristics of ZnS films were investigated. The ZnS and AZS thin films exhibited a direct allowed bandgap in the range of 3.40 to 3.56 eV, The band gap has been observed to be higher (3.56 eV) indicating blue shift. The linear optical parameters such as oscillator energy (E0), dispersion energy (Ed), and static refractive index (n0) were calculated using Wemple and DiDominco's model to find the nonlinear optical susceptibility χ 3 and nonlinear refractive index n2. The increasing nonlinear parameters χ 3 and n2 suggest nonlinear optical applications for AZS. The experimental methods and results are described, and the results are compared to published data.
Nonlinear Tire Model Approximation Using Machine Learning for Efficient Model Predictive Control

Model Predictive Controller (MPC) is widely used as a technique for path tracking control since it allows for dealing with system constraints and future forecasts. However, the performance of MPC is directly affected by the adopted model. A complex dynamic model can guarantee accuracy in path tracking but may not be suitable in computational terms. On the other hand, a simplified model may not capture essential nonlinear aspects. Thus, to cope with these problems, this paper deals with data-driven tire modeling to improve autonomous ground vehicle path tracking control. The main contribution of the present work is to show that neural tires can capture the nonlinearities present in the interaction between lateral and longitudinal vehicle dynamics, with a reduced computational cost for predictive controllers. Simulated and experimental tire data are approximate to design data-driven tire models using radial basis function and multilayer perceptron neural networks. Then, based on ground vehicles with neural tires, model predictive controllers are designed to regulate wheel torque and steering angle inputs. Comparative tests were conducted to compare the proposed data-driven MPC approach with the classical nonlinear MPC controller. The results show that the neural tires approximate nonlinear tire models and experimental data with arbitrary precision in terms of accuracy and error-based metrics. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to perform trajectory and velocity tracking of ground vehicles. In addition, MPC with a neural tire model as prediction inference reduces the computational effort compared to traditional approaches.