Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies in Avian Biology No. 6:301-310, 1981. BIRD ACTIVITY LEVELS RELATED TO WEATHER

-The Breeding Bird Survey data bank serves as a primary source for studying effects of sky cover, wind speed, and temperature on bird census results. Other standardized methods, such as spot-mapping (Breeding Bird Census), point counts, banding, and the Winter Bird Survey, provide additional, but limited, means of assessing effects of weather. Numbers of songbirds detected are generally inversely correlated with wind speed, but hawks often are seen in larger numbers on windy days. Rain greatly reduces the numbers of birds detected. Cloud cover has relatively little influence on early morning bird counts during the peak of the breeding season. Fog selectively favors auditory detections of some species. Counts of many species are correlated with temperature, but effects are minor unless temperatures are extreme. Under marginal weather conditions, total species observed may be nearly normal, whereas number of individuals observed is reduced, as is the opportunity to record simultaneous registrations. This paper is concerned with effects of weather on counting bird populations during the breeding and winter seasons. The effects of weather on activity during migration periods are a different subject and beyond the scope of this paper. I discuss primarily the effects of weather on bird activity, especially on singing, but reference is made to the effects on the observer and detection ability. Bird censusers as a rule are conscientious and devoted to achieving the best estimates of the birds on their study plot(s). Close estimates of the actual populations or of an index to these populations are essential if the investigator is making comparisons between habitats or over time. Accuracy is especially important if the results are to enter the literature or data banks used for subsequent investigations. Census workers, therefore, tend to conduct their fieldwork under the best possible environmental conditions. In particular, strong winds, rain, and excessive heat are avoided. Most instructions for the spot-mapping method (Hall 1964, International Bird Census Committee 1970, Berthold 1976) do not stipulate acceptable weather conditions, and instructions for the Common Birds Census of the British Trust for Ornithology specify only that visits should be made during favorable weather when song is not reduced by wind or heavy rain. Instructions for the Breeding Bird Survey (available from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) say to avoid fog, steady drizzle, prolonged rain, and winds greater than Beaufort 3 (13-19 kmph), and further state that winds of Beaufort 2 (6-12 kmph) or less are preferable. There are few published references to measured effects of weather on bird censusing, so the inexperienced observer has no guidelines as to which conditions should be avoided. Similar’ Migratory Bird and Habitat Research Laboratory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Maryland 20811. ly, the experienced observer has no guide on ways to compensate for counts that are unusually low (or high) because of wind, fog, rain, or of snow cover.
Electronic predistortion for compensation of polarization-mode dispersion

One of the major impairments in high-speed optical transmission links is Polarization-Mode Dispersion (PMD). We propose the method of electronic predistortion (EPD) for the mitigation of PMD. This approach has already been successfully applied for the compensation of Chromatic Dispersion (CD) and Fiber-Nonlinearities. The advantage of this method is that impairments can efficiently be mitigated without the need for coherent reception. The proposed scheme is based on the possibility to control the optical field at the transmitter by using two complex modulators for the modulation of two orthogonally polarized optical signals. If the physical origin of PMD is exactly known then the ideal predistorted field and the corresponding electrical driving signals can be computed accurately. In practice, however, this information is not available. Therefore it is shown how to determine appropriate driving signals for a set of measured PMD parameters. Measurements will be communicated through a feedback channel in practice. We suggest a possible strategy for application of this technique in scenarios, in which the adaptation speed is intrinsically limited due to the round-trip delay. Numerical simulations reveal that the use of EPD can significantly increase the tolerance towards PMD in comparison to a system without compensation.
Seroprevalence Survey of Rubella IgG Antibodies among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Rubella is a mild, contagious viral infection that is endemic worldwide and poses a serious threat to infants and pregnant women. It causes a spectrum of severe birth defects like congenital rubella syndrome, abortions and still birth if the infection occurs within the first trimester of pregnancy. The Seroprevalence of rubella IgG antibodies was investigated among 187 pregnant women attending Mile Four Hospital (MFH) Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Blood specimens were collected from the subjects and sera extracted. The sera were screened for rubella virus immunoglobulin G antibody (IgG) using ELISA test Kit (Micro Immune limited, UK). The results obtained were subjected to SPSS system and Chi square test for significant difference at 95% confidence interval. Of the 187 pregnant women tested, 174(93.05 %) were positive for the rubella virus IgG. This study revealed that all the subjects who were 41 years and above tested positive 5(100.00%), whereas those who were 15 years and below 2 subjects had the prevalence rate of 50.00%. Pregnant women in their third, first and second trimesters had prevalence rates of 95.75%, (95.35%) and 86.95% accordingly. Samples tested shows that unmarried women were more infected with anti- rubella IgG of 94.44% recorded, then followed by married women with 93.79% and divorcee had 90.91%. However, widows had the least prevalence rate of 84.62%. Occupationally, women civil servants had prevalence rate of 97.56%. Educationally, pregnant women with tertiary education were more infected, rubella virus amounting to 96.61%. More infection was found among women living in rural areas with 93.59% rate, than their urban counterparts who had 92.66%. Furthermore, primigravida women were more infected (95.16%). The Sero-prevalence of rubella in this study was high and it calls for general surveillance and mass immunization of children and females of child bearing age.
Similitude Law of Prefracture Hysteresis of Steel Members

A hypothesis, which is called similitude law of prefracture hysteresis, is advocated in this paper. The similitude law is as follows: the relationships anlong ductility amplitude m p , cumulative ductility h p , and number of cycles N f prior to fracture are represented by invariant functions for any type of steel member which can be fabricated from different materials, welding processes, and connections. Several invariant functions in accordance with the law were proposed, where the invariant functions show that the amounts of h p and N f are reduced with an increase of m p in plastic hystereses. The law was applied to four independent series of experiments done in the past, or series 1 ~brittle fracture of box-section beams! , series 2 ~brittle and pseudobrittle fracture of rectangular solid bars ! , series 3 ~pseudobrittle fracture of round bars! , and series 4 ~ductile fracture of H-section beams with welded connections! , from which it was found that the invariant functions fit consistently for all of the experimental results. Since the similitude law allows us to calculate any combination of m p , h p , and N f from a single set of them, the law has significance for engineering application when we need to reduce the number of specimens from an economic standpoint without losing confidence. The similitude law is expected to be applied to earthquake resistant design which relies on plastic deformation of steel members.
International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems Steady-State Characteristic Study for Integration of DFIG Wind Turbines into Transmission Grid

Wind power has emerged as a promising renewable energy resource. A wind power plant, normally located in an area with reliably favorable wind speed, is connected to the grid through a transmission line. This paper presents a steady-state characteristic study of a DFIG-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) that is integrated into the power grid through a transmission system. Steady-state models in a d-q reference frame are developed for a single wind turbine, a simplified wind power plant, and an integrated WECS and grid system. In addition, a transient simulation system is built to validate the accurateness of the steady-state results by using MatLab SimPowerSystems. An integrative study is performed to investigate WECS parametric data simultaneously as the number of DFIG wind turbines connected to a wind farm changes under constant turbine driving torque and driving power conditions. Parallel and series compensations, usually used to improve WECS performance, are investigated. A comparative study is presented to illustrate the characteristic difference between WECSs using fixed-speed induction generators and variable-speed DFIGs.
An improved computational method for prediction of lncRNA-disease associations based on collaborative filtering and resource allocation

Various lncRNAs have been proved to play vital roles in a lot of biological processes. Finding and verifying lncRNA-disease associations contributes to understand human complex disease at molecular level and support the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complex diseases. It is laboratory, time-consuming and expensive to find and verify lncRNA-disease associations by biological experiments. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a computational method to predict lncRNA-disease associations to save time and resources. In this paper, we proposed an improved computational method for prediction of lncRNA-disease associations based on collaborative filtering and resource allocation. It achieves a reliable prediction performance with both best AUC and AUPR values of 0.983 under 5-fold cross-validation. Additionally, the experimental results show that it is superior to other previous related methods. It could be acknowledged as a forceful and valuable tool to predict lncRNA-disease associations.
Hadi Pourjafar CNFS MS

Background: Extending the shelf-life of food products is very important for food producers, and one of its most significant methods is gamma irradiation. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate extending the shelf-life of whole-wheat flour using gamma irradiation and to study the organoleptic and physical characteristics of the cakes made with irradiated flour. Method: 900 g packed flour samples were irradiated with different doses of 0.2, 0.5, 2 and 5 kGy of gamma irradiation using Caesium-137 source. Results: Based on the results, insect growth was not observed in any of the irradiated flour samples up to 180 days after production. The total number of bacteria and the number of mold and yeast significantly reduced during 180 days of storage. With increasing the irradiation dose, the height of the baked cakes was significantly reduced, the size of the air bubbles inside the cake decreased, and the color of the cakes became darker so that a dark and different color was observed at a dose of 5 kGy. Conclusion: By applying a dose of 5 kGy irradiation, the shelf-life of flour can be longer, with inconsiderable organoleptic changes of baked cakes. A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y Received: October 07, 2018 Revised: December 30, 2018 Accepted: January 01, 2019 DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190115161626
Evaluation of collision warning-collision avoidance systems using empirical driving data

Collision warning-collision avoidance (CWCA) systems are showing increasing promise in preventing rear-end collisions. The effectiveness of many prototype systems has been evaluated on driving simulators or through numerical simulation, and several field tests are under way. Most investigations have focused on the safety benefits to host vehicles. Possible effects of CWCA-equipped vehicles on other traffic, especially the direct follower, have received little attention. Results of an evaluation study of this issue are presented. It is found that CWCA vehicles may have higher risk of rear-end collision with following vehicles. Thus, it may be necessary to design a CWCA system that is able to offer a balanced protection to host vehicles and to other traffic by considering possible effects of CWCA systems on other traffic.
Abstract. According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in 2020, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome

According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in 2020, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐coronavirus 2 was reported in Wuhan, China. The present review examined the literature to reveal the incidence of novel coronavirus‐2019 disease (COVID‐19) infections, underlying comorbidities, workplace infections and case fatality rates. A review was performed to identify the relevant publications available up to May 15, 2020. Since the early stages of the COVID‐19 outbreak, the case fatality rate among healthcare workers (HCWs) has stood at 0.69% worldwide and 0.4% in Italy. Based on the current informa‐ tion, most patients have exhibited good prognoses in terms of after‐effects or sequelae and low mortality rate. Patients that became critically ill were primarily in the elderly population or had chronic underlying diseases, including diabetes and hypertension. Among all working sectors, HCWs, since they are front‐line caregivers for patients with COVID‐19, are considered to be in the high‐risk popula‐ tion. Increased age and a number of comorbidity factors have been associated with increased risk of mortality in patients with COVID‐19. The most frequent complications of COVID‐19 reported that can cause fatality in patients were SARS, cardiac arrest, secondary infections and septic shock, in addition to acute kidney failure and liver failure. Overcoming the COVID‐19 pandemic is an ongoing chal‐ lenge, which poses a threat to global health that requires close surveillance and prompt diagnosis, in coordination with research efforts to understand this pathogen and develop effective countermeasures.
How We Conceptualize Epidemic--Visual Metaphors of COVID-19 in Editorial Cartoons

Since 2020, the whole world has been busy in fighting against a new invisible enemy: COVID19. As a public health emergency of international concern, COVID-19 has become the focus of media attention at home and abroad. War-related terminology is commonly used in news to frame the discourse around epidemics and diseases. The current study presents an analysis of the visual metaphor of COVID19 in 24 editorial cartoons from China Daily. The conceptual and framing of the metaphors are conducted. The study finds that the metaphors in editorial cartoons evoke a general understanding of COVID-19 problem by activating the war scenario and this particular way of framing help to establish people’s confidence and make them work together. The study further affirms that visual metaphors are better in conveying rich and implicit conceptual and affective meaning, and can be direct manifestation of the conceptual metaphor without the mediation of language.
Growth, yield and oil content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as influenced by sulphur levels under infertile soil

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of sulphur (S) on growth, agricultural traits, seed yield and oil content in white, brown and black seed color of sesame grown under infertile soil. The experiment was conducted in RCBD arranged in factorial 3 × 4 with 3 reps under pot condition both dry and wet season; factor A was 3 cultivars of sesame and factor B was 4 levels of sulfur (S). The results showed that various cultivars of sesame responded differently to S levels. Some agronomic traits were not affected by S levels i.e. plant height, SCMR and 1000 seeds weight especially in wet season but these traits differed in various cultivars of sesame. Combined analysis of the two seasons was also done and the results showed that S levels did not affect to most traits except number of capsules, whereas interaction between cultivar and S level were found on number of branches, total dry weight and oil content, cv. KKU2 and KKU3 (black and brown seed). cv. KKU3 with application of S at 20 kg ha-1 showed highest total dry weight, whereas cv. KKU3 with application rate of S at 0 kg ha-1 showed highest oil content followed by cv. MK60 with 80 kg ha-1. Interestingly the black and brown seeded cultivars had a positive response to S levels as compared to the white seeded cultivar. From the result, we can conclude that the dry season is the optimal season for sesame production in low fertile soils and that black and brown seed color responds positive to S level than white. However, we strongly suggest that field study should be undertaken to correlate our results in natural growing conditions
Clinical- pathological features and surgical outcome of renal cell carcinoma: Experience from a zonal referral hospital-northern of Tanzania

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary malignant tumour of kidney in adults. Recent studies from developed countries have shown that most renal tumour are currently diagnosed incidentally during screening for other disease which leads to better prognosis while few studies done in Africa still shows significant proportion of patients present with classic triad ( >10%) which is a sign of advanced disease. Objectives: This study aimed at determining clinical pathological feature and outcome of RCC in Northern zone of Tanzania. Patients and Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive retrospective cohort study conducted at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical (KCMC) from January 2002 to December 2017. Data were analysed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 16. 0 and summarized in tables and figures. Results: Forty three patients (43) underwent radical nephrectomy for RCC during the study period. Male to female ratio was1. 7: 1 with mean age of 53+/12 years. Flank pain (84%), abdominal mass (76%) and hematuria (44%) were the most common clinical presentation while classical triad was found in 40%. The most common clinical tumor stage was T3(72. 1%) whilst clear cell carcinoma was the commonest histological pattern. Five years survival length for T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 100%, 62. 5%, 32. 3% and 0% respectively. Conclusion: The most common presenting symptom of RCC in our centre is flank pain, and abdominal mass. Majority of the patients presented with advanced disease with less than five year survival rate. Clear cell type was the predominant histological type.
Congenital supernumerary teats in cows: a review associated with personal observations

Hyperthelia and hypermastia are two forms of supernumerary teats, when the lack of milk secretion or its presence, respectively, can be noticed. Initially assumed as a trait with a simple mechanism of inheritance, supernumerary teats is now considered a polygenic trait in various species, including cattle, with a complex mechanism of inheritance. Different chromosomal segments were identified as associated with udder morphology traits, and candidate genes were discussed in various reports to influence the presence of supernumerary teats. This paper aims to review aspects of supernumerary teats types, their comparative incidence, genetic and environmental factors of etiopathology, and to present some personal observations in some of these aspects. Our results showed an incidence of 8.67% of non-lactating supernumerary teats in a population of 300 Holstein Friesian cows, with a higher share of caudal type compared to the intercalar type. One cow was recorded with hypermastia, with a functional lactating supernumerary teat. Considering the surgical removal of supernumerary teats as a controversial method, we recommend further studies for candidate genes identification, and programs of genomic selection in order to reduce their incidence in the offspring.
Genes in action: Polytene chromosomes from Drosophila larval salivary gland

Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes display specific banding pattern; the underlying genetic organization of this pattern has remained elusive for many years. In the present paper, we analyze 32 cytology-mapped polytene chromosome interbands. We estimated molecular locations of these interbands, described their molecular and genetic organization and demonstrate that polytene chromosome interbands contain the 59 ends of housekeeping genes. As a rule, interbands display preferential ‘‘head-to-head’’ orientation of genes. They are enriched for ‘‘broad’’ class promoters characteristic of housekeeping genes and associate with open chromatin proteins and Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) components. In two regions, 10A and 100B, coding sequences of genes whose 59-ends reside in interbands map to constantly loosely compacted, early-replicating, so-called ‘‘grey’’ bands. Comparison of expression patterns of genes mapping to late-replicating dense bands vs genes whose promoter regions map to interbands shows that the former are generally tissue-specific, whereas the latter are represented by ubiquitously active genes. Analysis of RNA-seq data (modENCODE-FlyBase) indicates that transcripts from interband-mapping genes are present in most tissues and cell lines studied, across most developmental stages and upon various treatment conditions. We developed a special algorithm to computationally process protein localization data generated by the modENCODE project and show that Drosophila genome has about 5700 sites that demonstrate all the features shared by the interbands cytologically mapped to date. Citation: Zhimulev IF, Zykova TY, Goncharov FP, Khoroshko VA, Demakova OV, et al. (2014) Genetic Organization of Interphase Chromosome Bands and Interbands in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS ONE 9(7): e101631. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0101631 Editor: Igor V. Sharakhov, Virginia Tech, United States of America Received March 17, 2014; Accepted June 9, 2014; Published July 29, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Zhimulev et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: This research was funded by grant of Russian Scientific Foundation #14-1400934(http://www.rscf.ru/sites/default/files/docfiles/Spisok_pobediteley. pdf). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * Email: zhimulev@mcb.nsc. ru
Voltages induced on overhead lines by dart leaders and subsequent return strokes in natural and rocket-triggered lightning

The voltages induced by nearby lightning strikes are a major cause of outages in power distribution systems. We compute such voltages taking into account the effects of the dart leaders that precede subsequent return strokes in both natural and rocket-triggered discharges. The results show that for stroke locations that are approximately alone, the line prolongation, the leader electric field change has a significant influence on the amplitude and shape of the induced voltages. The taking into account of the leader field in the coupling mechanism results in an improved agreement between theory and experimental induced voltage data from close triggered lightning obtained in 1986 on a test line at the NASA Kennedy Space Center.