Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retroaortic left renal vein: a clinically significant vascular variation with suggestion of a practical typological scheme

The retroaortic left renal vein (RLRV) is a rare vascular variant with a typical position of the vein between the abdominal aorta and the vertebral column. Despite usually asymptomatic, RLRV might be associated with posterior nutcracker syndrome, other vascular pathologies and may cause major surgical complications. An existing but not expected RLRV might hamper aortic surgical dissection and to cause a life threatening bleeding. A case of a RLRV was observed during routine dissection of a formalin fixed 62-year-old female cadaver. The left kidney was found to be ectopic and located lower than usual between the level of L1 and L4 vertebra. The left renal vein was formed in the renal hilum at the level of L2/L3 intervertebral disc, and then passed obliquely downwards behind the abdominal aorta to join in the inferior vena cava at the level of upper border of L4 vertebra. The length of the RLRV was 7.5 cm. The main tributaries were the left suprarenal and left ovarian veins. Measuring the diameters of the renal vein showed slight dilation at its origin. Based on the literature review, the vascular variation reported here can be classified as Type II – RLRV draining at a lower than normal level of the inferior vena cava. An extended classification scheme of the left renal vein variations is presented here as well as an optional typological scheme.
Sequential and Full Information Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Nested Logit Model

Sequential estimation of a nested logit model is in general not an empirically desirable procedure, either as an alternative to full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation or as a source of param eter starting values for FIML estimation. Empirical studies which use varying ch oice sets across the sampled population create ambiguity in the link between seq uential and simultaneously estimated nested logit models. FIML estimation is now a computationally feasible strategy as illustrated herein. Copyright 1986 by MIT Press.
Self-care in primary health care in the nursing career

Self-care of health, basic in primary care, deserves to be reinforced in the training of Nursing professionals. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a proposal for teaching self-care in primary health care (PHC) aimed at teachers and students of said career for the promotion of self-care. This analytical, longitudinal, and prospective study, with a pre-experimental design, was carried out at the Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, in Ecuador. 187 5th and 8th grade students were selected. semesters and the total number of teachers (n: 14) who teach PHC-related subjects, in order to make a diagnosis of the level of knowledge about self-care, establish a competency profile and propose organized methodologies in a didactic proposal to be incorporated into Nursing career.
Predictors of Successful Medical Management With Methotrexate in Unruptured Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy

Introduction Medical treatment with methotrexate (MTX) is a safe and effective alternative to surgery in carefully selected cases of ectopic pregnancies diagnosed early prior to rupture. Aim To determine the optimal pre-treatment levels of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (𝛽-hCG) and its changing trends most likely to have a successful outcome with medical management. Material and methods A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital from December 2018 to May 2021. “Single-dose” MTX regime was used for medical management of ectopic pregnancy in patients fulfilling the selection criteria. The 𝛽-hCG levels were recorded at baseline and on day 4 and day 7 of MTX injection. Thereafter, at weekly intervals till complete resolution or surgical intervention due to failure of medical management. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for a pre-treatment 𝛽-hCG cut-off value and changing trends in post-treatment 𝛽- hCG levels most likely to have a successful outcome with MTX treatment were determined. Results Fifty patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study, with successful medical management in 33 (66%). The mean pre-treatment 𝛽-hCG levels in women with successful medical management were 3270.97 (+/- 901) compared to 5249.17 (+/-808.02) for those with treatment failure (p=0.00001). The mean 𝛽-hCG level in the failed treatment group was significantly higher on day 4 than the pre-treatment levels (6742.56 +/- 572 vs. 5249.17+/- 808.02; p<0.05). Inadequate reduction of 𝛽-hCG level on day 7 (<15% of day 4 levels) requiring repeat dosage of MTX was more likely to have an unsuccessful outcome (p=0.00001). The area under curve (AUC) value of 0.905 (95% CI: 0.814-0.996) depicted that pre-treatment 𝛽-hCG level of 4000 mIU/ml taken as the cut-off value was able to predict levels ≤4000 mIU/ml had a greater likelihood of successful outcome with MTX, having a sensitivity of 84.5%, specificity of 83.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 90.3%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 75% (p< 0.05). Demographic variables or previous clinical history, considered risk factors for ectopic pregnancy, did not affect the outcome of medical management in this study. Conclusion Medical management of ectopic pregnancy is a viable first-line treatment option in carefully selected patients. In this study, the most important predictors for the successful outcome of medical management were the pre-treatment β-hCG levels and their fall on day 4 and day 7 after MTX therapy.
DC‐EPG assisted comparison of European spittlebugs and sharpshooters feeding behaviour on grapevine

Xylem‐feeding is apparently the only requirement making an insect a competent vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, an organism responsible for the devastation of the Southern Italian olive forest and nowadays considered one of the most feared threats to agriculture and landscape in Europe, including vineyards. Here, we used the direct current‐electrical penetration graph (DC‐EPG) technique to compare and describe the feeding behaviour on grapevine of four xylem‐feeding species considered candidate vectors of X. fastidiosa widespread in Europe, namely two spittlebugs (the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius and the spittlebug Neophilaenus campestris) and two sharpshooter leafhoppers (the rhododendron leafhopper Graphocephala fennahi and the green leafhopper Cicadella viridis). We created a standard for the analysis of EPG waveforms recorded with a DC‐EPG device, describing feeding activities performed by these insects from stylet insertion into the plant to withdrawal. This standard, along with freely available software, has been developed to harmonize the calculation of feeding behavioural parameters in xylem‐feeders. The most relevant differences between the two vector taxa were the probing frequency and the dynamics of xylem ingestion. Sharpshooters tended to perform significantly more probes than spittlebugs. In contrast, the latter spent longer times in low‐frequency xylem ingestion, characterized by scattered contractions of the cibarial dilator muscle interspersed with periods of pump inactivity. Cicadella viridis was the species displaying the highest frequency of the electrical pattern found to be associated with X. fastidiosa inoculation in spittlebugs (Xe). Feeding behavioural data presented here represent an important step forward for deepening our knowledge of xylem‐sap feeding insects' interaction with both the host plants and the bacterium they transmit.
Penambahan inulin terhadap indeks glikemik dan beban glikemik cookies growol: pengembangan makanan selingan diabetes

The increasing prevalence and mortality of diabetes require appropriate treatment, one of which is eating arrangements. The snack development for diabetic patients has begun. Previous studies have developed growol, cassava fermented food, into cookies, but growol cookies still have a high glycemic index (GI). Adding inulin to growol cookies is thought to reduce cookies' GI, which will affect the glycemic load (GL). This study examines the effect of adding inulin to the GI and GL of growol cookies. An observational laboratory design was used to assess the GI and GL of modified growol cookies compared to standard foods (glucose). The study was conducted from June to November 2021 and involved 10 healthy subjects. The total area under the curve (IAUC) was used to calculate the GI of modified growol cookies. The GL was obtained by multiplying the GI by the number of available carbohydrates per serving. Independent Sample T-Test was used to analyze IAUC differences between glucose and modified growol cookies with a significant level of 95% (p<0,05). The IAUC for glucose and modified growol cookies was 4830 and 1995, respectively. There was a difference in the IAUC between glucose and modified growol cookies (p= 0,005). Modified growol cookies have a low GI (41) and low GL if consumed as much as 10-40 grams. Based on GI and GL values, modified growol cookies can be used as a snack for people with diabetes.
Constructing Ru Clusters Decorated Co3b-Cop Heterostructures as a Highly Active and Reusable Catalyst for H2 Generation by Catalyzing Nabh4 Hydrolysis

Constructing an efficient and reusable catalyst for catalyzing NaBH 4 hydrolysis for H 2 production is of vital significance. Herein, the Ru clusters decorated Co 3 B-CoP heterostructures are obtained by chemical reduction and gas-phase phosphating treatment. The strong electronic interaction and abundant heterojunctions between the Co 3 B-CoP substrate and Ru clusters have been elucidated. The optimal Ru 6.3 /Co 3 B-CoP catalyst exhibits a fast hydrogen generation rate (8875.8 mL min  1 g cat  1 ) and a high turnover frequency (636.0 min  1 ) of at 25°C, superior to most ever reported catalysts. The excellent NaBH 4 hydrolysis performance can be attributed to the lower activation energy (47.6 kJ mol  1 ) and the synergy between Co 3 B-CoP substrate and Ru clusters. Density functional theory calculations show that electrons penetrate into Ru clusters from Co 3 B-CoP substrate, in which the electron-rich Ru clusters can selectively adsorb BH 4  ions, while the electron-deficient Co 3 B-CoP facilitates the capture of H 2 O molecules, thereby synergistically promote the catalyzing NaBH 4 hydrolysis to produce H 2 .
Occurrence of Paratuberculosis in Cattle Raised Under Small-Scale Dairy Production in Egypt: A Molecular Investigation

Johne’s disease (JD), chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is regarded as a potential public health issue and a significant threat to the dairy and agricultural food businesses. This study was conducted for the molecular investigation of MAP in cattle reared for small-scale dairy production in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Seventy-five fecal samples were collected from diarrheic and healthy dairy cows that came into contact with diarrheic ones for molecular screening. Clinically, 32 of 75 examined cattle showed variable degrees of body weight loss and diarrhea. The PCR targeting the insertion sequence IS900 gene revealed that 22.6% of examined cattle were positive for MAP. A rate was significantly higher in diseased older cattle than in young cattle with no symptoms of the disease. Furthermore, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that our strains (ON816021 and ON816022) were 100% identical showed complete identity with MAP-C ( M. paratuberculosis of cattle origin) as Japanese (CP066812) and German strain (CP022105). Overall, the findings highlight the potential of the IS900 gene-based molecular technique for MAP detection in small dairy cattle farms.
Natural History Observations of the Common Gartersnake,

Common Gartersnakes, Thamnophis sirtalis , were studied using mark–recapture techniques at a site in Erie, Pennsylvania. Snout–vent length (SVL) and total length (TL) did not differ significantly between juvenile male and female T. sirtalis . However, compared to juvenile females, juvenile males did have significantly longer relative tail lengths (tl/TL). Mass was also similar between juvenile males (mean 4.4 g) and juvenile females (mean 6.5 g). Adult female T. sirtalis averaged larger in SVL, TL, and mass. Adult males averaged greater values for tl/TL. The sex ratio of adult males to females did not differ from 1:1; nor did the ratio of juveniles to adults. The population size was estimated to be 241 ± 216 T. sirtalis , resulting in a density of 482/ha for the area of utilized habitat and a biomass density of 13.5 kg/ha. Observations regarding surface body temperatures, aggregations and site fidelity, defensive behaviors, and tail loss frequency of T. sirtalis at the study site are also reported.
Reducing U2R and R2L category false negative rates with support vector machines

The KDD Cup '99 is commonly used dataset for training and testing IDS machine learning algorithms. Some of the major downsides of the dataset are the distribution and the proportions of U2R and R2L instances, which represent the most dangerous attack types, as well as the existence of R2L attack instances identical to normal traffic. This enforces minor category detection complexity and causes problems while building a machine learning model capable of detecting these attacks with sufficiently low false negative rate. This paper presents a new support vector machine based intrusion detection system that classifies unknown data instances according both to the feature values and weight factors that represent importance of features towards the classification. Increased detection rate and significantly decreased false negative rate for U2R and R2L categories, that have a very few instances in the training set, have been empirically proven.
First Molecular Characterization of Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus and Meta-Analysis of Parapoxviruses in Turkey

Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) belongs to the genus Parapoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. Orf virus (ORFV), Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), BPSV and Parapoxvirus of red deer in New Zealand (PVNZ) are also among the members of the genus Parapoxvirus. The BPSV affects ruminants of all age groups as well as frequently being transmitted to humans as a zoonotic disease. In this study, the BPSV infection affecting calves was identified and genetically investigated. A meta-analysis of all Parapoxvirus studies in Turkey was also conducted in this study. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using a set of pan-parapoxvirus primers for the partial B2L gene of the BPSV, resulted in approximately 590-bp PCR product. A phylogenetic tree based on partial B2L sequences of parapoxvirus strains was constructed and analyzed and compared with the GenBank reference sequences. As a result of molecular and phylogenetic analysis, Turkish BPSV strains are different from the Asian and American BPSV strains at both nucleotide and amino acid levels. Turkish strains constitute a unique cluster together with European strains. The sequences of the BPSV strains showed a 95.6-99.6% nucleotide similarity with the GenBank BPSV strains, in addition to an 83.6-84.7 % similarity with Pseudocowpox virus strains, and an 82.1-83.6% similarity with Orf virus strains. It is found that geographical differences are of importance for the molecular, epidemiological investigation of BPSV. As seen in the meta-analysis, bovine papular stomatitis virus of the genus Parapoxvirus has never been studied at the molecular level in Turkey. Thus, the present study carries out the molecular characterization of the BPSV for the first time in Turkey.
BIOLOGY AND HOST SUITABILITY OF CUCURBIT FRUIT FLY, BACTROCERA CUCURBITAE (COQ.): A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FIVE DIFFERENT CUCURBIT SPECIES

Abstract: Five different cucurbits namely; squash ( Cucurbita pepo ), bottle gourd ( Lagenaria siceraria ), sweet gourd ( Curcurbita moschata ), bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia ) and snake gourd ( Trichosanthes anguina ) were tested under laboratory condition for the host suitability and comparative biology of cucurbit fruit fly, is a major pest of cucurbitaceous vegetables. Fecundity, oviposition and incubation period was high on squash, sweet gourd and bottle gourd compared to bitter gourd and snake gourd. The mean larval period was longest (8.67 days) on bitter gourd and shortest on squash (7.00 days). The duration of pupal period differed significantly among the hosts and it was highest in squash (8.33 days). Both male and female longevity was highest on squash (45.62 days for male and 48.33 days for female) where as shortest longevity was recorded on bitter gourd (25.33 days for male and 26.00 days for female). The duration of life cycle of fruit fly was almost double on sweet gourd, bottle gourd or squash compared to other two hosts irrespective of sex. Based on most of the biological attributes, the suitability of five host species for cucurbit fruit fly was ranked as squash > sweet gourd >bottle gourd > snake gourd > bitter gourd.
A study on the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Banias and Alkadmos areas of Syria during 2021

Aims: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic. In Syria, the first case was reported in March 2020. This study was aimed to investigate the incidences of COVID-19 in the Banias and Alkadmos areas in Tartus, Syria, in 2021. Methodology and results: Our data were obtained from the records of Banias and Alkadmos hospitals. The results were inferred by analysing data for 1026 COVID-19 patients. About 58.4% of total cases were among males and 41.6% were among females. Most patients were living in rural areas; 73% compared to 27% in urban ones. The severity of the disease varied between patients. About 67.4% of cases needed to be hospitalized for treatment, most of which were from the elderly. The same was noticed with the mortality rate, with 14.5% of total cases and 66.4% of them were older than 65. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Our study indicated that age and gender are risk factors for contracting COVID-19.
Organizational adoption of Robotic Process Automation: managing the performativity of hype

Robotic process automation (RPA) has recently been subject to colossal hype. Although hype and expectations around technological innovation have been researched at length, there is limited research into the impact of hype at a firm level from an adopter’s perspective. Through an inductive multi-case study of five organizations from the banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) sector that have adopted RPA over the past five years, we attempted to answer the question: how does RPA technology hype reach the shores of organizations and what adoption behaviour and decision making does it drive? Findings point to the critical role of senior management as instigators of adoption and legitimation, which goes beyond the sponsorship role identified in extant theory. Results also demonstrate that RPA adoption is driven by a ‘hunt’ for use cases by interdisciplinary teams, which exposes long-standing operational problems while at the same time offers opportunities for organizational learning. We contribute to a theoretical understanding of the organizational performativity of hype and draw lessons for industry practitioners considering RPA and other hyped technologies for organizational adoption.
Boiling Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Small-Diameter Tube

Results of a study on boiling heat transfer of refrigerant R-113 in a small-diameter (2.92 mm) tube are reported. Local heat transfer coefficients are measured for a range of heat flux (8.8-90.75 kW/m[sup 2]), mass flux (50-300 kg/m[sup 2]s), and equilibrium mass quality (0-0.9). The measured coefficients are used to evaluate 10 different heat transfer correlations, some of which have been developed specifically for refrigerants. High heat fluxes and low mass fluxes are inherent in small channels, and this combination results in high boiling numbers. In addition, based on a flow pattern map developed from adiabatic experiments with air-water mixtures, it has been shown that small-diameter channels produce a slug flow pattern over a large range of parameters when compared with larger-diameter channels. The effects of high boiling number and slug flow pattern lead to domination by a nucleation mechanism. As a result, the two-phase correlations that predicted this dominance also predicted the data the best when they properly modeled the physical parameters. The correlation of Lazarek and Black (1982) predicted the data very well. It is also shown that a simple form, suggested by Stephan and Abdelsalam (1980) for nucleate pool boiling, correlates the data equally well; both correlationsmore » are within a mean deviation of less than 13 percent. Results are applicable to boiling in compact heat exchangers. 28 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs. « less
ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTENTION TO USE MOBILE-BASED TEACHING ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

- The rapid growth of technology has ushered new applications which replace traditional methods. These include e-learning, e-health, etc. Mobile-Based Teaching Assessment (MBTA) has thus emerged as an alternative method for teaching assessment. The adoption of MBTA is driving by user’s intention to apply teaching assessment through technology. The objective of this paper is to explore the attitude of users towards the use of MBTA based on the Technology Acceptance Model. The article uses Partial Least Squares (PLS). The data were collected from 75 students and academic support using convenient sampling method. The results show that attitude has a significant positive impact on the intention to use MBTA. They suggest that 75 % of the variation of user's intention to use MBTA is explained by the attitude, while the evidence proved that TAM had pronounced the adoption of mobile-based teaching assessment (MBTA) in context of the academic arena. These findings highlight the significance of the proposed model.
Internal gravity-wave motions induced in the Earth’s atmosphere by a solar eclipse

In a solar eclipse, the moon shields a limited region of the earth's atmosphere from the heating effect of the solar radiation. This shadow travels through the earth's lower atmosphere at supersonic velocity, causing the neutral gas to emit internal gravity waves that form a bow wave about the shadow region. Tentative estimates of the amplitude of this wave indicate that it will be detectable well outside the area where the eclipse can be observed directly.
The complex cross-spectra of Cygnus X-2 and GX 5-1

The intensity variations of Cyg X-2 and GX 5-1 are analyzed with a Fourier cross-spectral technique making it possible to measure the frequency dependence of the time lags between the intensity variations in two X-ray spectral bands. In the 20-40 Hz frequency range of the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO), the hard (about 5-18 keV) signal lags the soft (about 1-5 keV) one, while the reverse is true for the associated red noise. The observed time lags range from 0.4 to 8 ms. For similar QPO parameters, the observed lags are much smaller in GX 5-1 than they are in Cyg X-2. The hard lags previously measured in the cross-correlation functions of these sources are now identified as due to lags in the QPO. It is argued that the soft lags now detected in the red noise are not inconsistent with the interpretation of the hard lags as due to inverse Compton scattering. 18 references.