Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simuliris: a separation logic framework for verifying concurrent program optimizations

Today’s compilers employ a variety of non-trivial optimizations to achieve good performance. One key trick compilers use to justify transformations of concurrent programs is to assume that the source program has no data races: if it does, they cause the program to have undefined behavior (UB) and give the compiler free rein. However, verifying correctness of optimizations that exploit this assumption is a non-trivial problem. In particular, prior work either has not proven that such optimizations preserve program termination (particularly non-obvious when considering optimizations that move instructions out of loop bodies), or has treated all synchronization operations as external functions (losing the ability to reorder instructions around them). In this work we present Simuliris, the first simulation technique to establish termination preservation (under a fair scheduler) for a range of concurrent program transformations that exploit UB in the source language. Simuliris is based on the idea of using ownership to reason modularly about the assumptions the compiler makes about programs with well-defined behavior. This brings the benefits of concurrent separation logics to the space of verifying program transformations: we can combine powerful reasoning techniques such as framing and coinduction to perform thread-local proofs of non-trivial concurrent program optimizations. Simuliris is built on a (non-step-indexed) variant of the Coq-based Iris framework, and is thus not tied to a particular language. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of Simuliris on standard compiler optimizations involving data race UB, we also instantiate it with Jung et al.’s Stacked Borrows semantics for Rust and generalize their proofs of interesting type-based aliasing optimizations to account for concurrency.
Assessment of County Internal Control System on Financial Accountability in Tana River County, Kenya

The public management of funds in Tana River County has been ineffectual and the report of the auditor general has reported massive squandering of the public resources. The poor financial accountability formed the rationale of conducting the study to assess how the county's internal control system influences financial accountability in Tana River County. The study was based on four theories, namely agency cost theory, classical management theory, stewardship theory and information systems success theory. The study employed a mixed methodology and specifically a convergent parallel mixed-methods perspective. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The targeted population for the study was 324 employees in Tana River County. A stratified sampling technique was used to get the sample size of 200 respondents. The data collection instruments comprised of questionnaires and interview guides. The results of the study indicated that monitoring systems, information and communication systems, risk management systems and internal audits explain 67.4% of the variations in financial accountability. The regression results showed that risk management system is positively and significantly related to financial accountability (β=.287 p=0.000). Moreover, it was found that internal audits and financial accountability are positively and significantly related (β=.406 p=0.000). Likewise, the study found that information and communication systems and financial accountability is positively and significantly related (β=.25 p=0.000). The study also found a positive and significant relationship between monitoring and financial accountability in Tana River County. (β=.144 p=0.000). Moreover, it was revealed there is a moderating effect of government policy and regulations on the relationship between internal control systems and financial accountability in Tana River County since the coefficient of determination (R squared) increased to 73.9%. The study recommended that counties need to develop a risk management system to spur efficiency and transparency. There should be an effective management system that could evaluate risks in advance to enables counties to maintain those risks within controlled levels. The internal auditor need to be monitored regularly to minimize the chances of presenting reports with mistakes and exaggerations. There is the need to have internal reviews of revenue targets during the financial year. Moreover, it is recommended stringent measures should be taken against the county employees found with corruption cases. Keywords: Risk management system, internal audit, information and communication systems, monitoring systems, government policy and regulations, financial accountability, Tana River County, Kenya
Reformulation of Indonesian Criminal Justice System Based on Principles of Humanity, Justice, and Morality

Principles in the legal system consist of norms, institutions, and processes. Norms include the rule of law, both primary regulations (which directly define the behavior) and secondary regulations (which govern the application of primary regulations and the functioning of institutions and system processes, including the process of extending or modifying regulations). Legal institutions include facilities for the operation of processes and the application of norms. The status and relations identified and controlled by norms, the relationships on which norms operate are dilemmas in Indonesian law enforcement. Besides, a reformulation in the Indonesian criminal justice system is needed to enforce laws based on the principles of humanity, justice, and morality. Reformulation of the Indonesian criminal justice system based on the principles of humanity, justice, and morality is very much needed in law enforcement. As a result, it really becomes a means of development and renewal of law enforcement agencies as expected and they can enforce the law as implied in the whole content of Pancasila.
Effects of Different Concentrations of Ganpu Tea on Fecal Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Mice

Ganpu tea is composed of tangerine peel and Pu-erh tea. Current research suggests that both products can interact with gut microbes and thus affect health. However, as a kind of compound health food, little information is available about the effect of Ganpu tea on intestinal microorganisms. In this study, the basic physiological parameters (body weight, white adipose tissue and serum fat), the regulation of intestinal microorganisms and content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces of healthy mice were studied. The Ganpu tea can reduce the weight gain of mice and the increase in white adipose tissue (p < 0.01). After the intake of Ganpu tea, the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased (p < 0.05), whereas that of Firmicutes decreased (p < 0.01), indicating the latent capacity of Ganpu tea in adjusting the gut microbiota. Moreover, Ganpu tea differentially affected the content of different types of SCFAs in feces. Ganpu tea at the lowest concentrations showed positive effects on the concentrations of SCFAs such as acetic acid and propionic acid, whereas the concentration of butyric acid was decreased. For branched short-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs) such as isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, etc., Ganpu tea reduced their concentrations. Our results indicated that Ganpu tea may have positive effects on preventing obesity in humans, but further research is needed before introducing such dietary therapy.
Prognostic value of the location of submucosal uterine leiomyomas in infertility

Submucosal fibroid location and size are predic-tive factors of impaired fertility. Submucosal fibroids cause infertility through several mechanisms including distortion of the endometrial cavity, increased uterine contractility, local inflammation and remodeling of the endometrial blood supply. This is a monocentric, retrospective, cross‑sectional study, conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of ‘Sf. Pantelimon’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, analyzing patients from a 5‑year period (January 2015‑December 2019). In the present study, the relationship between different characteristics of the submucosal fibroids (among others, location and dimensions) and fertility (birth rates, early pregnancy loss rates) were investigated. This study identified that submucosal and intramural fibroids are risk factors for reduced birth rate compared with subserosal fibroids (P=0.02, RR=2.58, 95% CI 1.03‑6.47; P=0.005, RR=1.18, 95% CI 1.02‑1.35, respectively). In addition, G2 leiomyomas are risk factors for low birth rate compared with G0 and G1 fibroids (P=0.01, RR=1.95, 95% CI 1.05‑3.60). Moreover, the presence of a subserosal fibroid was associated with an increased early pregnancy loss rate (P=0.01, RR=2.14, 95% CI 1.05‑4.35). In conclusion, the location and degree of uterine cavity distortion are important factors that alter the normal development of a pregnancy and the birth rate.
Inshore or offshore? The Neolithic fishermen of Ra’s al-Hamra (RH-6, RH-5, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman)

Abstract Ra’s al-Hamra 6 (RH-6) and Ra’s al-Hamra 5 (RH-5) are two of the most important Neolithic coastal sites in the Sultanate of Oman. Located in the capital Muscat, they have supplied an important corpus of fish bones and revealed a high taxonomic richness in the different assemblages. The results provided information on fishing practices that held an important role in the subsistence strategies of the inhabitants during the two millennia of occupation (sixth to fourth millennia BC). Pelagic species (jacks and kawakawa/tunas) were largely dominant throughout both occupations, calling into question the interpretation of inshore or offshore fishing; these fish could have been caught with a hook-and-line or by setting nets at a reasonable distance from the coast. However, the inhabitants also had to supplement this subsistence by catching demersal fish and small fish, caught from the cliff, in the estuary or the mangrove. At both sites, the inhabitants clearly exploited the different nearby inshore environments: coastal open water, reefs, estuary, and mangrove. Moreover, the high fish richness (69 genera at RH-6; 35 genera at RH-5) indicates that both sites could have been occupied on a year-round basis.
Effects of Line Dancing on Mental Health in Seniors after COVID-19 Pandemic

Line dancing is one of the most practiced dance styles by adults and seniors due to the ease of execution of choreography. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic prolonging the restrictions of physical and sports activities, the elderly population has been forced into increased sedentariness and social isolation, resulting in the development of symptoms of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of line dancing practice on the mental state of late second- and third-age dancers. The sample consisted of 14 Italian female dancers with an average age of 65 years old. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to verify whether 3 months of LD classes were able to produce improvements. Paired Samples T-Test and effect size were performed to test the difference between pre- and post-training protocol. The result was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Dancers improved their state of depression; in particular, they felt a better satisfaction in their life (d = 0.6), a greater interest in activities (d = 1), less boredom (d = 0.8), a good mood most of the time (d = 0.8), greater happiness throughout the day (d = 0.7), and the perception of a wonderful life (d = 0.5). Line dancing has proven to be an effective physical activity for improving the state of depression in late second- and third-age dancers.
Advances in pH-Signaling Transcription Factor pacC in Fungi

External pH is an important environmental factor affecting the growth of microorganisms. The tolerance of the surrounding pH is an important manifestation of microbial adaptation ability. Vital activity and microorganism metabolism are closely related to external pH. Most microorganisms adapt to a pH range of 4.5–9, with optimum pH of 6.5–7.5. In addition, environmental pH has a regulatory role in spore germination and spore production [1-5]. At present, there is a general view that the external pH signal has a regulatory impact on the pathogenicity and toxin production of pathogenic fungi. The pH can regulate the secretion of pectin lyase [6] and so the pathogenicity is closely related fungi producing pectin lyase. By adjusting pH to better infect hosts, a variety of pathogens such as Colletotrichum spp. [6,7] and Alternaria alternate [8] can produce alkaline substances to alkalize host tissue, and in vivo pH will rises with further with infection of the host. Some pathogens such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium spp. can acidify tissue cells by producing an acidic substance or the use of ammonia [9-11]. The surface of barley and rice was originally weakly acidic, but after pathogen infection the pH changed to alkaline indicating that infection affected pH of the host [5]. These phenomena indicate the adaptation of fungi to the external environment.
When Does Contact with Successful Ingroup Members

A longitudinal study examined the relationship between contact with successful ingroup members and women’s stereotypes about their own leadership abilities, career goals, and assertive behavior in class. Upon entry into college and toward the end of their sophomore year we measured (1) participants’ quantity and quality of contact with successful ingroup members (female professors), (2) implicit and explicit leadership self-concept, (3) career goals, and (4) classroom behavior. Frequent contact with ingroup members predicted stronger implicit self-conceptions of leadership and more career ambitions, but only when contact experiences were of high quality rather than superficial. Quality and quantity of contact independently predicted assertive behavior. The findings suggest that changing implicit self-beliefs requires both high quality and frequent exposure to counterstereotypic individuals.
Operational Cost Minimization of Grid Connected Microgrid System Using Fire Fly Technique

Present time, green energy sources interfacing to the utility grid by utilizing microgrid system is very vital to satisfy the ever increasing energy demand. Optimal operation of the microgrid system improved the generation from the distributed renewable energy sources at the lowest operational cost. Large amount of constraints and variables are associated with the microgrid economic operation problem. Thus, this problem is very complex and required efficient technique for handing the problem adequately. There-fore, this research utilized the efficient fire fly optimization technique for solving the formulated microgrid operation control problem. Fire fly algorithm is based on the behavior and nature of the fire flies. A microgrid system modelling which incorporated various distributed energy sources such as solar photo voltaic, wind turbine, micro turbine, fuel cell, diesel generator, electric vehicle technology, battery energy storage system and demands. Energy storage system is utilized in this research for supporting renewable energy sources’ integration in more reliable and qualitative way. Further, the electric vehicle technology i.e. battery electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and fuel cell electric vehicle are utilized to support the microgrid and utility grid systems with respect to variable demands. Optimal operational cost minimization problem of the developed microgrid system is solved by fire fly algorithm and compared with the grey wolf optimization and particle swarm optimization techniques. By comparative analysis it is clear that the fire fly algorithm provides the minimum operational cost of microgrid system as compared to the GWO and PSO. MATLAB software is utilized to model the microgrid system and implementation of the optimization techniques.
Minimizing Antipsychotic Medication Side Effects in Adults Diagnosed with Mental Illness through Psychoeducation: An Evidence-Based Approach

Adherence to antipsychotic medication has demonstrated significant impact in decreasing symptom exacerbation among patients diagnosed with mental illness. Antipsychotic medications have several benefits including the management of psychotic and mood disorders; however, they could cause unwanted medication side effects with metabolic and cardiovascular risks. This issue is one of the commonly linked side effects resulting in nonadherence among mentally ill patients. The purpose of this project was to implement a psychoeducational intervention using the SIMPLE program to address metabolic and cardiovascular risks associated with antipsychotic medications among adult patients diagnosed with mental illness. A sample size of sixteen adult patients completed this project over a four-week period. There was a significant increase in mean healthy lifestyle change score on pre-HPLP II (M = 16.675, SD = ± 2.385) compared to post-test score; HPLP II (M = 21.104, SD = ± 2.287). The findings of this project supports that psychoeducation promotes healthy lifestyle changes among patients prescribed antipsychotic medications.
Validity and Reliability of Adapted Self-Efficacy Scales in Malaysian Context Using PLS-SEM Approach

Self-efficacy scales have been used widely across curriculum and demographic structures, while retaining their objectivity in a specific domain. This pilot study aimed to test the validity and reliability of adapted scales that incorporated four sources of self-efficacy (mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, and emotional and physiological states), as well as science self-efficacy in the Malaysian context. A total of 109 students participated in this study. Data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), by using the partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach. The reliability criteria were determined through outer loading and composite reliability (CR). The assessment of convergent validity was performed using the average variance extracted (AVE), while the discriminant validity of this instrument was confirmed using the heterotrait–monotrait criterion (HTMT), along with the bootstrapping procedure. The CR values were at a satisfactory level, and two indicators were eliminated (PM3 and PMPR6) to improve the AVE values of the construct. All the values were assessed in the HTMT criterion, along with the confidence intervals in the range recommended to prove discriminant validity. The assessment of validity and reliability, through PLS-SEM, indicated that the scales used in this study are valid and statistically reliable.
Association of Tumor Hydroxyindole O-Methyltransferase and Serum 5-Methoxytryptophan with Long-Term Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Simple Summary 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is a tryptophan (Trp) metabolite synthesized by hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Expression of HIOMT is decreased in various tumors. However, whether HIOMT expression and serum 5-MTP concentration associate with prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze HCC tissue HIOMT mRNA and serum 5-MTP and determine their association with survival following therapeutic liver resection. We found a significant association of serum 5-MTP or tissue HIOMT and serum kynurenine (Kyn) with overall and relapse free (RF) survival of HCC. The combination of serum 5-MTP and Kyn is a potential prognostic biomarker of HCC. Abstract 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is a recently discovered tryptophan (Trp) metabolite with anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressing actions. Its synthesis is catalyzed by hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). HIOMT levels were reported to be decreased in some patients with colorectal, pancreatic and breast cancer. It is unclear whether tissue HIOMT levels is altered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is also unclear whether serum 5-MTP concentration is influenced by HCC. In this study, 150 HCC and adjacent normal liver tissues and serum samples were obtained from the HCC biobank established by a prospective multicenter study. Serum samples from 47 healthy subjects were included as a reference. HIOMT mRNA was measured by real time PCR. Serum 5-MTP and selected Trp metabolites were analyzed by quantitative LC-MS. HCC tissue HIOMT mRNA levels adjusted for adjacent normal tissue HIOMT mRNA levels was associated with overall and relapse-free (RF) survival. Combined serum 5-MTP or tissue HIOMT mRNA and serum kynurenine (Kyn) analysis predicted prolonged overall and RF survival following liver resection. A high serum 5-MTP or tissue HIOMT mRNA and low serum Kyn is associated with long-term survival. In conclusion, tumor tissue HIOMT mRNA and serum 5-MTP are potential biomarkers of HCC, especially when analyzed in combination with serum Kyn.
Existence of an Electrochemically Inert CO Population on Cu Electrodes in Alkaline pH

Surface-adsorbed CO is generally considered a reactive on-pathway intermediate in the aqueous electrochemical reduction of CO2 on Cu electrodes. Though CO can bind to a variety of adsorption sites (e.g., atop or bridge), spectroscopic studies of the Cu/electrolyte contact have mostly been concerned with atop-bound CO. Using surface-selective infrared (IR) spectroscopy, we have investigated the reactivities and coverages of atop- and bridge-bound CO on a polycrystalline Cu electrode in contact with alkaline electrolytes. We show here that (1) a fraction of atop-bound CO converts to bridge-bonded CO when the total CO coverage drops below the saturation coverage and (2) unlike atop-bound CO, bridge-bonded CO is an unreactive species that is not reduced at a potential of −1.75 V vs SHE. Our results suggest that bridge-bonded CO is not an on-pathway intermediate in CO reduction. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we further reveal that the activation barrier for the hydrogenation of bridge-bon.
Associations between the Mediterranean Diet Pattern and Weight Status and Cognitive Development in Preschool Children

Cognitive dysfunctions are a global health concern. Early-life diet and weight status may contribute to children’s cognitive development. For this reason, we explored the associations between habitual food consumption, body mass index (BMI) and cognitive outcomes in 54 preschool children belonging to the Pisa birth Cohort (PISAC). We estimated groups of foods, nutrients and calorie intakes through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Italian national databases. Then, we adopted the Mediterranean diet (MD) score to assess relative MD adherence. Cognition was examined using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER). We found that higher, compared to low and moderate, adherence to MD was associated with higher performance scores. Furthermore, white meat consumption was positively related to BMI, and BMI (age–gender specific, z-scores) categories were negatively related to practical reasoning scores. All associations were independent of maternal IQ estimates, parents’ socioeconomic status, exclusive/non-exclusive breastfeeding, actual age at cognitive assessment and gender. In conclusion, in preschool children, very high adherence to MD seemed protective, whereas BMI (reinforced by the intake of white meat) was negatively associated with cognition.