Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interplanetary Parameters Leading to Relativistic Electron Enhancement and Persistent Depletion Events at Geosynchronous Orbit and Potential for Prediction

We have identified 61 relativistic electron enhancement events and 21 relativistic electron persistent depletion events during 1996 to 2006 from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 8 and 10 using data from the Energetic Particle Sensor (EPS) >2 MeV fluxes. We then performed a superposed epoch time analysis of the events to find the characteristic solar wind parameters that determine the occurrence of such events, using the OMNI database. We found that there are clear differences between the enhancement events and the persistent depletion events, and we used these to establish a set of threshold values in solar wind speed, proton density and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz that can potentially be useful to predict sudden increases in flux. Persistent depletion events are characterized by a low solar wind speed, a sudden increase in proton density that remains elevated for a few days, and a northward turning of IMF Bz shortly after the depletion starts. We have also found that all relativistic electron enhancement or persistent depletion events occur when some geomagnetic disturbance is present, either a coronal mass ejection or a corotational interaction region; however, the storm index, SYM‐H, does not show a strong connection with relativistic electron enhancement events or persistent depletion events. We have tested a simple threshold method for predictability of relativistic electron enhancement events using data from GOES 11 for the years 2007–2010 and found that around 90% of large increases in electron fluxes can be identified with this method.
Binocular function in the aging visual system: fusion, suppression, and stereoacuity

Introduction Changes in vision that occur in normal healthy aging can be seen in fundamental measures of monocular vision. However, the nature of the changes in binocular vision with age remain unclear. Methods A total of 28 older (53–66 years) and 28 younger adults (20–31 years) were enrolled in this study. We performed a battery of tests to assess differences in monocular contrast thresholds and various binocular visual functions including dichoptic masking weight and strength, the binocular balance point for fused stimuli, and stereoacuity in the aging and control groups. Results Aging significantly increased monocular contrast thresholds (p < 0.001). Although this suggests that aging reduces the effective “input gain” to vision, we also found a significantly elevated contribution of those weaker signals to interocular suppression (p < 0.001). Consequently, there was no significant net difference in the strength of interocular suppression (p = 0.065). We did not find a significant difference of absolute balance point between the two groups (p = 0.090). Lastly, the mean stereoacuity was worse in the older group compared to the younger group (p = 0.002). Discussion Our findings confirm previous results showing differences in contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity with aging. Furthermore, we find a change in interocular suppression that is a possible consequence of the change in contrast sensitivity. It is suggestive of a cortical system that maintains a homeostatic balance in interocular suppression across the lifespan.
The diurnal cycle and propagation of deep convective clouds in Africa [presentation]

The prediction of convectively-generated precipitation remains a challenge especially where observation networks are unable to resolve mesoscale circulations. Our ability to predict warm season precipitation is encumbered on our understanding of the development and environment of organized mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). In recent decades, analysis of satellite and radar observations has increased our understanding of convection and precipitation. This study examines the propagation and evolution of cold-cloud clusters (which serve as proxy for precipitation) in Africa. Comparisons are made with characteristics of warm-season convective precipitation in other continents.
Volcano-tectonic Earthquakes during the Stage of Magma Accumulation at the Aira Caldera, Southern Kyushu, Japan

At Sakurajima volcano, activity of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes has gradually increased since ,**, , as the inﬂation of the Aira caldera progressed since +33- . In particular, VT earthquakes SW o # the volcano and in the caldera swarmed during November ,**- (cid:1) February ,**. , and then a baseline of GPS across the volcano indicated a signiﬁcant extension. However, no signiﬁcant increase in eruptive activity was observed. Location and focal mechanism of VT earthquakes, which occurred during +332 (cid:1) ,**/ , are determined and the relationship between the seismic activity of VT earthquakes and volcanic activity is discussed. The VT earthquakes originated in an elongated zone extending in NE-SW direction, namely from the NE part of the Aira caldera through Sakurajima volcano to SW o # the volcano. This zone coincides with active tectonic zone. The focal zones of VT earthquakes are distinguished into three regions: ( + ) * to . km deep beneath the summit of Sakurajima, ( , ) 0 to 3 km deep SW o # the volcano, and ( - ) . to +. km deep in the Aira caldera. At the summit area, VT earthquakes occurred mostly south of the crater and a few located north, and very few VT earthquakes were found inside the crater. Focal mechanism of VT earthquakes beneath the summit area has variation with depth. Reverse fault type was dominantly obtained at depths from * to , km. Meanwhile at deeper portion of , (cid:1) . km, strike-slip fault type is predominant. In contrast, most of VT earthquakes SW o # Sakurajima indicated uniquely normal fault type with horizontal T-axes oriented to WNW-ESE direction. Whereas the mechanism of those in the Aira caldera is strike-slip types which one of the nodal lines oriented in NE-SW direction. These are consistent with regional stress ﬁeld and direction of depression zone inferred from geological study. A hypothetical model adding a tensile fault to dual Mogi’s pressure source is proposed to examine the relation of inﬂation of Aira caldera and the following seismicity SW o # the volcano.
Precision Medicine for Nasopharyngeal Cancer—A Review of Current Prognostic Strategies

Simple Summary The current standard of care for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is predominantly guided by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system. This review aims to discuss the current strategies and development of new technologies to optimise NPC patients’ stratification to ultimately provide better patient management and more targeted therapy. Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) driven malignancy arising from the nasopharyngeal epithelium. Current treatment strategies depend on the clinical stage of the disease, including the extent of the primary tumour, the extent of nodal disease, and the presence of distant metastasis. With the close association of EBV infection with NPC development, EBV biomarkers have shown promise in predicting treatment outcomes. Among the omic technologies, RNA and miRNA signatures have been widely studied, showing promising results in the research setting to predict treatment response. The transformation of radiology images into measurable features has facilitated the use of radiomics to generate predictive models for better prognostication and treatment selection. Nonetheless, much of this work remains in the research realm, and challenges remain in clinical implementation.
A Selective Counseling Program for Reducing Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and Its Impact on Decreasing Social Anxiety and Internet Gaming Disorder among Adolescent Girls in Bisha Governorate

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a selective counseling program in reducing the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and its impact on decreasing social anxiety (SA) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among adolescent girls in Bisha Governorate. The research sample consisted of 22 students from the second grade of high school in Bisha Governorate schools. They were divided into two groups: 11 students representing the control group and 11 students representing the experimental group, who scored highest on the FoMO scale (developed by the researchers) and SA scale (Abdel-Rahman, & Abdel-Maqsoud, 1998), and IGD scale (developed by the researchers). The verbal intelligence test for secondary and university stage (Gaber, & Omar, 2007) was also administered. The selective counseling program (developed by the researchers) was implemented, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used for data analysis. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the selective program in reducing the FoMO, social anxiety, and IGD among the experimental research sample. Additionally, the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pre- and post-test for FoMO scale, SA scale, and IGD scale.
Human Papilloma Virus Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Immune System: Pathogenesis, Immunotherapy and Future Perspectives

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), involves the palatine tonsils, soft palate, base of tongue, and uvula, with the ability to spread to adjacent subsites. Personalized treatment strategies for Human Papillomavirus-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (HPV+OPSCC) are yet to be established. In this article, we summarise our current understanding of the pathogenesis of HPV+OPSCC, the intrinsic role of the immune system, current ICI clinical trials, and the potential role of small molecule immunotherapy in HPV+OPSCC.
Acoustic properties of deformed rocks in the Nobeoka thrust, in the Shimanto Belt, Kyushu, Southwest Japan

Laboratory measurements for compressional and shear wave velocities (Vp and Vs, respectively) and porosity were conducted with core samples from the Nobeoka Thrust Drilling Project (NOBELL) under controlled effective pressure (5–65 MPa at 5 MPa intervals) and wet conditions. Samples were classified according to deformation texture as phyllite, foliated cataclasite, or non‐foliated cataclasite. Measured values of Vp, Vs, and porosity are within a range of 5.17–5.57 km/s, 2.60–2.71 km/s, and 2.75–3.10 %, respectively, for phyllite; 4.89–5.23 km/s, 2.46–2.57 km/s, and 3.58–4.53 %, respectively, for foliated cataclasite; and 4.90–5.32 km/s, 2.51–2.63 km/s, and 3.79–4.60 %, respectively, for non‐foliated cataclasite, which are all consistent with the previous laboratory experiments conducted with outcrop samples under dry conditions. However, our results also indicate higher Vp and Vs and lower porosity than those measured by the previous studies that adopted the wire‐line logging methods. The variations in Vp, Vs, and porosity are controlled by deformation structure and are greater for phyllite and foliated cataclasite than for non‐foliated cataclasite.
Are There General Features of How Immune Responses Are Regulated That Can Provide Clues to How Remitting/Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis May Be Treated?

Most basic studies directed at how immune responses are regulated employ chemically “simple antigens”, usually purified proteins. The target antigens in many clinical situations, such as in autoimmunity, infectious diseases and cancer, are chemically “complex”, consisting of several distinct molecules, and they often are part of a replicating entity. We examine here the relationships between how immune responses to complex and simple antigens are regulated. This examination provides a context for considering how immune responses are regulated in those clinical situations involving complex antigens. I have proposed and discuss here a mechanism by which immune responses to the envisaged complex target antigen in remitting/relapsing multiple sclerosis go back and forth between inflammatory and non-inflammatory modes, potentially accounting for the course of this disease. This proposal makes predictions that can be tested by non-invasive means. It also leads to a suggestion for simple, non-invasive treatment.
Does regulation hold the key to optimizing lipopeptide production in Pseudomonas for biotechnology?

Lipopeptides (LPs) produced by Pseudomonas spp. are specialized metabolites with diverse structures and functions, including powerful biosurfactant and antimicrobial properties. Despite their enormous potential in environmental and industrial biotechnology, low yield and high production cost limit their practical use. While genome mining and functional genomics have identified a multitude of LP biosynthetic gene clusters, the regulatory mechanisms underlying their biosynthesis remain poorly understood. We propose that regulation holds the key to unlocking LP production in Pseudomonas for biotechnology. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of Pseudomonas-derived LPs and describe the molecular basis for their biosynthesis and regulation. We examine the global and specific regulator-driven mechanisms controlling LP synthesis including the influence of environmental signals. Understanding LP regulation is key to modulating production of these valuable compounds, both quantitatively and qualitatively, for industrial and environmental biotechnology.
Can Perceivers Differentiate Intense Facial Expressions? Eye Movement Patterns

Recent research on intense real-life faces has shown that although there was an objective difference in facial activities between intense winning faces and losing faces, viewers failed to differentiate the valence of such expressions. In the present study, we explored whether participants could perceive the difference between intense positive facial expressions and intense negative facial expressions in a forced-choice response task using eye-tracking techniques. Behavioral results showed that the recognition accuracy rate for intense facial expressions was significantly above the chance level. For eye-movement patterns, the results indicated that participants gazed more and longer toward the upper facial region (eyes) than the lower region (mouth) for intense losing faces. However, the gaze patterns were reversed for intense winning faces. The eye movement pattern for successful differentiation trials did not differ from failed differentiation trials. These findings provided preliminary evidence that viewers can utilize intense facial expression information and perceive the difference between intense winning faces and intense losing faces produced by tennis players in a forced-choice response task.
The Impact of a Low Bias in Snow Water Equivalent Initialization on CFS Seasonal Forecasts

AbstractAcross much of the Northern Hemisphere, the Climate Forecast System forecasts made earlier in the winter (e.g., on 1 January) are found to have more snow water equivalent (SWE) in April-June than forecasts made later (e.g., on 1 April), and further, later forecasts tend to predict earlier snowmelt than earlier forecasts. As a result, other forecasted model quantities (e.g., soil moisture in April-June) show systematic differences dependent on the forecast lead time. Notably, earlier forecasts predict much colder near-surface air temperatures in April-June than later forecasts. Although the later forecasts of temperature are more accurate, earlier forecasts of SWE are more realistic, suggesting that the improvement in temperature forecasts occurs for the wrong reasons. Thus, this study highlights the need to improve atmospheric processes in the model (e.g., radiative transfer, turbulence) that would cause cold biases when a more realistic amount of snow is on the ground. Furthermore, SWE difference.
Effect of proteolytic enzymes and insulin sensitiser in treatment of joint osteoarthritis in diabetic patients

Background/Aim: Knee osteoarthritis is a frequently crippling chronic condition. Numerous pharmacological medications have been successfully utilised to treat knee osteoarthritis. This research aimed to compare the efficiency of metformin and serratiopeptidase in treating and preventing osteoarthritis development via distinct mechanisms. Methods: Between 1 January and 30 May 2019, a randomised-clinical-trial was done at Al-Kindy Hospital on 80 osteoarthritis patients, divided in two groups. Group I was given metformin 850 mg orally, whereas Group II was given serratiopeptidase 20 mg and metformin 850 mg orally. Parameters in these groups were compared with forty healthy normal controls. Results: Following treatment, patients in Group II have shown a significant decrease in pain levels (p = 0.001). Interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß) levels were significantly decreased in Group II (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The combination of serratiopeptidase and metformin was effective and safe in treating knee osteoarthritis.
PROSPECTIVE FLORISTICS OF EPIPHYTIC DIATOMS ON RHODOPHYTA FROM THE SOUTHERN GULF OF MEXICO

Studies on epiphytic diatoms can be considered somewhat lacking worldwide, mainly because of the enormous scientific research potential around them, and there is still much to do concerning floristics alone. Particularly for the Mexican coasts, mainly in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Thus, our objective was to determine the epiphytic diatom floristics for several species of Rhodophyta from the coast of Veracruz state (Mexico). Diatoms sampled from specimens of six taxa of Rhodophyta were observed in permanent mountings, under light microscopy. A total 115 diatom taxa were identified, that support our expectancy of a potential species richness much higher on red algae hosts. A presence absence similarity measurement suggested that a single diatom assemblage was hosted in the six red algae taxa. The species composition is highly similar to epiphytic diatom assemblages from NW Mexico, albeit six taxa are new records for Mexican littorals. A photographic catalog of the identified epiphytic diatoms is provided. Floristica prospectiva de diatomeas epifitas sobre Rhodophyta en el Sur del Golfo de Mexico Los estudios sobre diatomeas epifitas a nivel global se pueden considerar escasos, principalmente por el gran potencial cientifico que representan. Una consecuencia de ello es lo mucho que falta por hacer tan solo en floristica a lo largo de las costas mexicanas, particularmente al sur del Golfo de Mexico. Asi, el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar la floristica de diatomeas epifitas en varias especies de Rhodophyta de la costa del Estado de Veracruz, Mexico. Se identificaron diatomeas epifitas en talos de seis taxa en preparaciones permanentes bajo microscopia de luz. La lista floristica de diatomeas redituo 115 taxa, lo que respalda nuestra expectativa de una riqueza de especies potencial mucho mayor en Rhodophyta hospederos. La similitud (Bray-Curtis) con base en presencia/ausencia de taxa sugiere que una sola asociacion de diatomeas epifitas se distribuye entre los seis taxa de algas rojas hospederos. La composicion de especies es muy similar a la de asociaciones de diatomeas epifitas del NW de Mexico, aunque seis taxa son nuevos registros para litorales mexicanos. Se incluye un catalogo fotografico de los taxa de diatomeas epifitas identificadas.
Increased frequency of torrential rainstorms during a regional late Holocene eastern Mediterranean drought

Abstract Identifying climates favoring extreme weather phenomena is a primary aim of paleoclimate and paleohydrological research. Here, we present a well-dated, late Holocene Dead Sea sediment record of debris flows covering 3.3 to 1.9 cal ka BP. Twenty-three graded layers deposited in shallow waters near the western Dead Sea shore were identified by microfacies analysis. These layers represent distal subaquatic deposits of debris flows triggered by torrential rainstorms over the adjacent western Dead Sea escarpment. Modern debris flows on this escarpment are induced by rare rainstorms with intensities exceeding >30 mm h−1 for at least one hour and originate primarily from the Active Red Sea Trough synoptic pattern. The observed late Holocene clustering of such debris flows during a regional drought indicates an increased influence of Active Red Sea Troughs resulting from a shift in synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns. This shift likely decreased the passages of eastern Mediterranean cyclones, leading to drier conditions, but favored rainstorms triggered by the Active Red Sea Trough. This is in accord with present-day meteorological data showing an increased frequency of torrential rainstorms in regions of drier climate. Hence, this study provides conclusive evidence for a shift in synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns during a late Holocene drought.
Quantifying extension of passive margins: Implications for sea level change

Passive margins form by rifting and extension of continental crust. Extension of continental crust, associated with subduction elsewhere, decreases ocean basin volume, forcing sea level to rise. The amount that the continental crust has been extended can be quantified using total tectonic subsidence, which is determined using sediment thickness and water depth data coupled with a model of the rifting process. We calculate total tectonic subsidence, the amount of extension or stretching factor, and thickness of extended continental crust at a 5 min grid resolution for passive margins between 77°N and 70°S. Our modeled crustal thicknesses correlate well with seismic refraction data from North America and Australia and can be used to estimate the change in ocean volume and the impact of extension on sea level. The duration of extension is constrained by estimating the onset of rifting and the breakup age, which is the time when rifting ceased and seafloor spreading began. Our results indicate that extension of continental crust has increased sea level by 20.8 m since the start of Pangea rifting.
Time–space fractional governing equations of transient groundwater flow in confined aquifers: Numerical investigation

In order to model non‐Fickian transport behaviour in groundwater aquifers, various forms of the time–space fractional advection–dispersion equation have been developed and used by several researchers in the last decade. The solute transport in groundwater aquifers in fractional time–space takes place by means of an underlying groundwater flow field. However, the governing equations for such groundwater flow in fractional time–space are yet to be developed in a comprehensive framework. In this study, a finite difference numerical scheme based on Caputo fractional derivative is proposed to investigate the properties of a newly developed time–space fractional governing equations of transient groundwater flow in confined aquifers in terms of the time–space fractional mass conservation equation and the time–space fractional water flux equation. Here, we apply these time–space fractional governing equations numerically to transient groundwater flow in a confined aquifer for different boundary conditions to explore their behaviour in modelling groundwater flow in fractional time–space. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed time–space fractional governing equation for groundwater flow in confined aquifers may provide a new perspective on modelling groundwater flow and on interpreting the dynamics of groundwater level fluctuations. Additionally, the numerical results may imply that the newly derived fractional groundwater governing equation may help explain the observed heavy‐tailed solute transport behaviour in groundwater flow by incorporating nonlocal or long‐range dependence of the underlying groundwater flow field.