Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the hype on #MedicinalCannabis in the United States? A content analysis of medicinal cannabis tweets

Abstract Introduction Medicinal cannabis is now legal in 44 US jurisdictions. Between 2020 and 2021 alone, four US jurisdictions legalised medicinal cannabis. The aim of this study is to identify themes in medicinal cannabis tweets from US jurisdictions with different legal statuses of cannabis from January to June 2021. Methods A total of 25,099 historical tweets from 51 US jurisdictions were collected using Python. Content analysis was performed on a random sample of tweets accounting for the population size of each US jurisdictions (n = 750). Results were presented separately by tweets posted from jurisdictions where all cannabis use (non‐medicinal and medicinal) is ‘fully legalised’, ‘illegal’ and legal for ‘medical‐only’ use. Results Four themes were identified: ‘Policy’, ‘Therapeutic value’, ‘Sales and industry opportunities’ and ‘Adverse effects’. Most of the tweets were posted by the public. The most common theme was related to ‘Policy’ (32.5%–61.5% of the tweets). Tweets on ‘Therapeutic value’ were prevalent in all jurisdictions and accounted for 23.8%–32.1% of the tweets. Sales and promotional activities were prominent even in illegal jurisdictions (12.1%–26.5% of the tweets). Fewer than 10% of tweets were about intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. Discussion and Conclusion This study has explored if content themes of medicinal cannabis tweets differed by cannabis legal status. Most tweets were pro‐cannabis and they were related to policy, therapeutic value, and sales and industry opportunities. Tweets on unsubstantiated health claims, adverse effects and crime warrants continued surveillance as these conversations could allow us to estimate cannabis‐related harms to inform health surveillance.
Hysteresis in vortex-induced vibrations: critical blockage and effect of m*

The hysteretic behaviour of a freely vibrating cylinder, near the low-Reynolds-number end of synchronization/lock-in, in the laminar regime is investigated. Computations are carried out using a stabilized finite-element method. The flow remains two-dimensional in this Reynolds number regime. This is verified via comparison of two- and three-dimensional computations. The cylinder is free to undergo crossflow as well as in-line vibrations. The combined effect of mass ratio (1 ≤ m* ≤ 100) and blockage (0.25% ≤ B ≤ 12.5%) is studied in detail. The existence of a critical mass ratio (m*cr = 10.11), below which hysteresis disappears for an unbounded flow situation, is identified. For higher mass ratio the hysteretic behaviour is observed for all blockage. However, the hysteresis loop width is found to vary with B; its variation with m* and B is studied. The concept of critical blockage Bcr is introduced. For B ≤ Bcr the response of the cylinder is virtually the same as that in an unbounded flow domain. The variation of Bcr with m* is investigated. Furthermore, Bcr is found to vary non-monotonically with m* for m* ≤ m*cr and is almost constant for m* ≥ 20. The effect of damping, as well as restricting the cylinder to undergo transverse vibrations only, on the hysteresis behaviour is studied. The transverse-only motion leads to a larger hysteresis loop width compared with the transverse and the in-line motion of the cylinder. An attempt is made to explain this by comparing the results from forced vibrations.
Breastfeeding sick children in hospital: Exploring the experiences of mothers in UK paediatric wards

Abstract There is a paucity of literature exploring the challenges of breastfeeding sick children in hospital. Previous research has focused on single conditions and hospitals which limits understanding of the challenges in this population. Although evidence suggests that current lactation training in paediatrics is often inadequate, it is unclear where the specific training gaps are. This qualitative interview study of UK mothers aimed to explore the challenges of breastfeeding sick infants and children on a paediatric ward or paediatric intensive care unit. From 504 eligible respondents, a sample of 30 mothers of children aged 2–36 months with various conditions and demographic backgrounds was purposively chosen, and a reflexive thematic analysis undertaken. The study identified previously unreported impacts such as complex fluid needs, iatrogenic withdrawal, neurological irritability and changes to breastfeeding behaviour. Mothers described breastfeeding as emotionally and immunologically meaningful. There were many complex psychological challenges such as guilt, disempowerment, and trauma. Wider struggles such as staff resistance to bedsharing, inaccurate breastfeeding information, lack of food and inadequate breast pump provision made breastfeeding more challenging. There are numerous challenges related to breastfeeding and responsively parenting sick children in paediatrics, and these also impacted maternal mental health. Staff skill and knowledge gaps were widespread, and the clinical environment was not always conducive to supporting breastfeeding. This study highlights strengths in clinical care and provides insight into what measures are perceived as supportive by mothers. It also highlights areas for improvement, which may inform more nuanced paediatric breastfeeding standards and training.
Comparison of the Sensitivity of Tetragonisca angustula (Apidae‐Meliponini) and Apis mellifera (Apidae‐Apini) to Three Insecticides (Malathion, Imidacloprid, and Fipronil) Used in Costa Rica

The decline of insect pollinators is a significant concern within the current biodiversity crisis. The paradox between the benefits that these animals represent to humans and the evidence of human activities driving their extinction calls for the urgent protection of bees. To address the role of chemical pollution in this scenario, we assessed the acute toxicity as well as four biomarker responses (cholinesterase [ChE], glutathione S‐transferase, catalase, and lipid peroxidation [LPO]) elicited by dietary 24‐h exposure to three insecticides (malathion, imidacloprid, and fipronil) on the stingless neotropical bee Tetragonisca angustula and the honeybee Apis mellifera. Malathion was the most toxic substance to both species, with 48‐h median lethal doses (LD50s) of 0.25 ng/bee to A. mellifera and 0.02 ng/bee to T. angustula. Fipronil was also highly toxic and presented a similar toxicity to both species, with 48‐h LD50s of 0.5 ng/bee (A. mellifera) and 0.4 ng/bee (T. angustula). Imidacloprid had the lowest acute toxicity with a 48‐h LD50 of 29 ng/bee for A. mellifera, whereas T. angustula tolerated exposure higher than 35 ng/bee. Apparent biomarker responses were observed in bees of both species that survived exposure to higher concentrations of malathion (ChE inhibition) and fipronil (increased LPO). Our results suggest that specific sensitivity to insecticides varies greatly among compounds and pollinator species, but the use of different representative species can facilitate the prioritization of substances regarding their risk to pollinators. Further research is necessary to better characterize the risk that pesticides represent in neotropical agricultural landscapes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1022–1031. © 2023 SETAC
Ethnic disparities in childhood leukemia survival by border residence: A Texas population‐based analysis

The US–Mexico border is a medically underserved region where survival disparities have been observed in adults diagnosed and treated for various malignancies. Studies examining survival disparities among children living in this region and diagnosed with cancer are lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of border residence on survival among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and living near the Texas–Mexico border at the time of their diagnosis. The authors hypothesized that this group experiences inferior survival compared with patients with childhood leukemia living in nonborder areas.
From isotropic to rapidly rotating anisotropic alpha-squared dynamos

Mean field -dynamos in a sphere with an insulating exterior are considered for a steady -effect of the form , , derived by Moffatt (Dynamo action associated with random inertial waves in a rotating conducting fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 1970, 44, 705–719) for strong rotation. The unit vector is aligned with the angular velocity and as , . We consider the effect on axisymmetric magnetic fields of increasing rotation rate, i.e. , so that the -effect varies from isotropic to anisotropic, for two models. We find that both equatorially symmetric and antisymmetric critical solutions bifurcate from steady to oscillatory at some value of . The bifurcation is associated with the poleward migration of strong magnetic fields, leaving a region of weak field near the equator. This region increases with the rotation rate. No antidynamo action was found at the fast rotation limit . The -effect is re-scaled to for allowing all possible solutions to be studied by restricting to . In particular, we consider the mean field axisymmetric antidynamo limit at . Our results are in complete agreement with those in Phillips (Mean dynamos. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sydney, 1993), where is considered.
Coloring 4‐cycle systems

An m‐cycle system of order n is a partition of the edges of the complete graph Kn into m‐cycles. We investigate k‐colorings of 4‐cycle systems in which no 4‐cycle is monochromatic. For any k ≥ 3, we construct a k‐chromatic 4‐cycle system. We also show that for any k ge; 2, there exists an integer wk such that for all admissible n ≥ wk, there is a k‐chromatic 4‐cycle system of order n. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs
Copper deficiency is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with advanced liver disease

Background and Aim: Copper is an essential trace metal serving as a cofactor in innate immunity, metabolism, and iron transport. We hypothesize that copper deficiency may influence survival in patients with cirrhosis through these pathways. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study involving 183 consecutive patients with cirrhosis or portal hypertension. Copper from blood and liver tissues was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Polar metabolites were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Copper deficiency was defined by serum or plasma copper below 80 µg/dL for women or 70 µg/dL for men. Results: The prevalence of copper deficiency was 17% (N=31). Copper deficiency was associated with younger age, race, zinc and selenium deficiency, and higher infection rates (42% vs. 20%, p=0.01). Serum copper correlated positively with albumin, ceruloplasmin, hepatic copper, and negatively with IL-1β. Levels of polar metabolites involved in amino acids catabolism, mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, and gut microbial metabolism differed significantly according to copper deficiency status. During a median follow-up of 396 days, mortality was 22.6% in patients with copper deficiency compared with 10.5% in patients without. Liver transplantation rates were similar (32% vs. 30%). Cause-specific competing risk analysis showed that copper deficiency was associated with a significantly higher risk of death before transplantation after adjusting for age, sex, MELD-Na, and Karnofsky score (HR: 3.40, 95% CI, 1.18–9.82, p=0.023). Conclusions: In advanced cirrhosis, copper deficiency is relatively common and is associated with an increased infection risk, a distinctive metabolic profile, and an increased risk of death before transplantation.
Unmet needs and health-related quality of life of breast cancer survivors: survey from Gaza Strip, Palestine

Abstract Background Cancer, especially breast cancer, remains a public health problem because of its negative consequences, which require long-term programs to alleviate its devastating effects. This study aimed to examine unmet supportive care needs and health-related quality of life of females with breast cancer. Methods A cross-sectional study with a mixed-method design was employed. A simple, randomly selected sample of 352 females attending Al-Rantisi and Al-Amal hospitals was included in this study. A validated Arabic version of the Supportive Care Needs Survey (34 items) and The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL) were used. Moreover, twenty-five semi-structured interviews were performed (13 females, eight husbands, and four healthcare workers). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis, whereas thematic analysis was used for qualitative data to highlight main themes. Results The highest unmet need reported by females with breast cancer was psychological needs (63%), followed by health-related systems and information (62%) and physical and daily life (61%). Pain and fatigue were the most reported symptoms (65.8% and 62.5%, respectively), followed by emotional distress, physical function, and physical symptoms; 55.8%, 54.3%, and 51.5%, respectively. These unmet needs and health-related quality of life-related dimensions were highlighted and elicited by qualitative data analysis. Unmet needs are high among married females, on conservative treatments, young females (< 40 years old), and females in the first year of diagnosis. The presence of chronic diseases did not increase needs. However, health-related quality of life was affected. Six themes are subtracted: availability of anticancer therapy, affordability of healthcare, family and social support, psychological support, health education, and self-image & intimate relationship. Conclusion Many needs are unmet. Caring for females with breast cancer should be comprehensive to fill gaps, including psychological care, health information and education, physical care and support, and medical care.
High birefringence fibre Bragg gratings written in tapered photonic crystal fibre with femtosecond IR radiation

High birefringence Bragg gratings were written with ultrafast 800 nm radiation in non-birefringent pure silica core photonic crystal fibres (PCF) that were tapered with an oxy-hydrogen flame. The grating spectra indicate that a birefringence above 10 -3 was created in the tapered PCF.
Muscle Up: Male Athletes’ and Non-Athletes’ Psychobiological Responses to, and Recovery From, Body Image Social-Evaluative Threats

Negative body image often occurs as a result of social evaluation of the physique in men. Social self-preservation theory (SSPT) holds that social-evaluative threats (SETs) elicit consistent psychobiological responses (i.e., salivary cortisol and shame) to protect one’s social-esteem, status, and standing. Actual body image SETs have resulted in psychobiological changes consistent with SSPT in men; however, responses in athletes have yet to be examined. These responses may differ as athletes tend to experience fewer body image concerns compared with non-athletes. The purpose of the current study was to examine psychobiological (i.e., body shame and salivary cortisol) responses to an acute laboratory body image SET in 49 male varsity athletes from non-aesthetic sports and 63 male non-athletes from a university community. Participants (age range 18–28 years) were randomized into a high or low body image SET condition, stratified by athlete status; measures of body shame and salivary cortisol were taken across the session (i.e., pre, post, 30-min post, 50-min post-intervention). There were no significant time-by-condition interactions, such that athletes and non-athletes had significant increases in salivary cortisol (F3,321 = 3.34, p = .02), when controlling for baseline values, and state body shame (F2.43,262.57 = 4.58, p = .007) following the high-threat condition only. Consistent with SSPT, body image SETs led to increased state body shame and salivary cortisol, although there were no differences in these responses between non-athletes and athletes.
Student Management of Web-Based Hypermedia Resources During Open-Ended Problem Solving

Abstract Twelve middle school students' use of computer tools to manage and manipulate Internet-based hypermedia resources was investigated. Tools were proposed to support higher order thinking about hypermedia resources to help students find, frame, and resolve open-ended science problems. Tools alone were insufficient to help students manage hypermedia information for solving open-ended problems. Students more frequently applied lower order tool functions (e.g., information collection) than higher order tool functions (e.g., reasoning). Students typically resolved problems with original solutions, but tools were used infrequently to develop evidence-based arguments justifying new ideas. Computer tools alone may be insufficient to help students manage extensive hypermedia resources. Together with additional support structures, however, tool potential may be realized.
Spectral Characteristics of Sheet/Cloud Cavitation

Cavitation observations were made using a highly instrumented 2D NACA 0015 hydrofoil mounted in a specially designed water tunnel. It was found that the dynamic characteristics of the cavitation vary considerably with various combinations of angle of attack and cavitation number, a. At higher angles of attack, two types of flow unsteadiness are observed. At low σ, a low frequency shedding of cloud cavitation results in a strong oscillation in lift and Ap at a Strouhal number, based on chord length, fc/U, of about 0.15. This frequency is relatively insensitive to changes in a. As a is raised, the harmonic content of the oscillations changes significantly. A spectral peak at much higher frequency is noted that increases in frequency almost linearly with cavitation number. Similar behavior is noted in the lift fluctuations
A semiempirical model of the normalized radar cross‐section of the sea surface 1. Background model

[1] Multiscale composite models based on the Bragg theory are widely used to study the normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) over the sea surface. However, these models are not able to correctly reproduce the NRCS in all configurations and wind wave conditions. We have developed a physical model that takes into account, not only the Bragg mechanism, but also the non-Bragg scattering mechanism associated with wave breaking. A single model was built to explain on the same physical basis both the background behavior of the NRCS and the wave radar Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) at HH and VV polarization. The NRCS is assumed to be the sum of a Bragg part (two-scale model) and of a non-Bragg part. The description of the sea surface is based on the short wind wave spectrum (wavelength from few millimeters to few meters) developed by Kudryavtsev et al. [1999] and wave breaking statistics proposed by Phillips [1985]. We assume that non-Bragg scattering is supported by quasi-specular reflection from very rough wave breaking patterns and that the overall contribution is proportional to the white cap coverage of the surface. A comparison of the model NRCS with observations is presented. We show that neither pure Bragg nor composite Bragg model is able to reproduce observed feature of the sea surface NRCS in a wide range of radar frequencies, wind speeds, and incidence and azimuth angles. The introduction of the non-Bragg part in the model gives an improved agreement with observations. In Part 2, we extend the model to the wave radar MTF problem.
Intraluminal pressure elevates intracellular calcium and contracts CNS pericytes: Role of voltage-dependent calcium channels

Significance Capillaries account for ~90% of all blood vessels in the central nervous system, allowing for robust nutrient and waste exchange. Capillary endothelial cells are variably covered with pericytes, which contract and dilate on slow or rapid timescales depending on their proximity to upstream arterioles. The resulting regulation of capillary blood flow is critical for brain health, but physiological stimuli that regulate this process are unclear. Here, using a pressurized retinal vascular preparation, we demonstrate that intraluminal pressure is an intrinsic stimulus for pericyte calcium elevation and constriction in proximal and distal capillary branches. Moreover, the involvement of voltage-dependent calcium channels decreases with distance from the upstream arteriole, highlighting differences in contractile properties between pericytes and neighboring arteriolar smooth muscle cells.
Heart of lymphoma: a case report

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a lymphoid neoplasm originating from B-cells. It is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), accounts approximately 25% of all NHLs, and hence is the most common histologic subtype of NHL. Nodal presentation is the most common including Waldeyer’s ring, mediastinum and lymphonodi. First presentation as mediastinal mass accounts for only 2–4% of all NHLs. Secondary involvement of the heart by lymphoma is seen in 8.7–27.2% of clinical cases, but occurs mostly in advanced disease or is often diagnosed post-mortem [1,2]. We describe a rare case of a 67-year-old immunocompetent male patient with a mediastinal diffuse large Bcell lymphoma, and secondary cardiac invasion in the right ventricle and pericardium.
Asymmetric minima of indefinite ternary quadratic forms

Let f = f(x) = f(x1, x2,…, xn) be an indefinite n-ary quadratic form of determinant det (f); that is, f(x) = x' Ax where A is a real symmetric matrix with determinant det (f). Such a form is said to take the value v if there exists integral x ≠ 0 such that f(x) = v.
A topological mechanism for robust and efficient global oscillations in biological networks

Long and stable timescales are often observed in complex biochemical networks, such as in emergent oscillations. How these robust dynamics persist remains unclear, given the many stochastic reactions and shorter time scales demonstrated by underlying components. We propose a topological model with parsimonious parameters that produces long oscillations around the network boundary, effectively reducing the system dynamics to a lower-dimensional current. Using this to model KaiC, which regulates the circadian rhythm in cyanobacteria, we compare the coherence of oscillations to that in other KaiC models. Our topological model localizes currents on the system edge for an efficient regime with simultaneously increased precision and decreased cost. Further, we introduce a new predictor of coherence from the analysis of spectral gaps, and show that our model saturates a global thermodynamic bound. Our work presents a new mechanism for emergent oscillations in complex biological networks utilizing dissipative cycles to achieve robustness and efficient performance.
Effectiveness and Efficiency Trade-off in Selective Query Processing

Query processing in search engines can be optimized for use for all queries. For this, system component parameters such as the weighting function or the automatic query expansion model can be optimized or learned from past queries. However, it may be more interesting to optimize the processing thread on a query-by-query basis by adjusting the component parameters; this is what selective query processing does. Selective query processing uses one of the candidate processing threads chosen at query time. The choice is based on query features. In this paper, we examine selective query processing in different settings, both in terms of effectiveness and efficiency; this includes selective query expansion and other forms of selective query processing (e.g., when the term weighting function varies or when the expansion model varies). We found that the best trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency is obtained when using the best trained processing thread and its query expansion counter part. This seems to be also the most natural for a real-word engine since the two threads use the same core engine (e.g., same term weighting function).