Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Automata Model for Trees with Ordered Data Values

Data trees are trees in which each node, besides carrying a label from a finite alphabet, also carries a data value from an infinite domain. They have been used as an abstraction model for reasoning tasks on XML and verification. However, most existing approaches consider the case where only equality test can be performed on the data values. In this paper we study data trees in which the data values come from a linearly ordered domain, and in addition to equality test, we can test whether the data value in a node is greater than the one in another node. We introduce an automata model for them which we call ordered-data tree automata (ODTA), provide its logical characterisation, and prove that its emptiness problem is decidable in 3-NEXPTIME. We also show that the two-variable logic on unranked trees, studied by Bojanczyk, Muscholl, Schwentick and Segoufin in 2009, corresponds precisely to a special subclass of this automata model. Then we define a slightly weaker version of ODTA, which we call weak ODTA, and provide its logical characterisation. The complexity of the emptiness problem drops to NP. However, a number of existing formalisms and models studied in the literature can be captured already by weak ODTA. We also show that the definition of ODTA can be easily modified, to the case where the data values come from a tree-like partially ordered domain, such as strings.
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic disease associated with high degrees of morbidity and increased mortality. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults with sickle cell disease has not been widely reported. Methods: We administered the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form to 308 patients in the Pain in Sickle Cell Epidemiology Study (PiSCES) to assess HRQOL. Scales included physical function, physical and emotional role function, bodily pain, vitality, social function, mental health, and general health. We compared scores with national norms using t-tests, and with three chronic disease cohorts: asthma, cystic fibrosis and hemodialysis patients using analysis of variance and Dunnett's test for comparison with a control. We also assessed whether SCD specific variables (genotype, pain, crisis and utilization) were independently predictive of SF-36 subscales, controlling for socio-demographic variables using regression. Results: Patients with SCD scored significantly worse than national norms on all subscales except mental health. Patients with SCD had lower HRQOL than cystic fibrosis patients except for mental health. Scores were similar for physical function, role function and mental health as compared to asthma patients, but worse for bodily pain, vitality, social function and general health subscales. Compared to dialysis patients, sickle cell disease patients scored similarly on physical role and emotional role function, social functioning and mental health, worse on bodily pain, general health and vitality and better on physical functioning. Surprisingly, genotype did not influence HRQOL except for vitality. However, scores significantly decreased as pain levels increased. Conclusion: SCD patients experience health related quality of life worse than the general population, and in general, their scores were most similar to patients undergoing hemodialysis. Practitioners should regard their HRQOL as severely compromised. Interventions in SCD should consider improvements in health related quality of life as important outcomes. Published: 29 August 2005 Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2005, 3:50 doi:10.1186/1477-7525-3-50 Received: 14 April 2005 Accepted: 29 August 2005 This article is available from: http://www.hqlo. com/content/3/1/50 © 2005 McClish et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Learning to Play Bayesian Games

This paper discusses the implications of learning theory for the analysis of games with a move by Nature. One goal is to illuminate the issues that arise when modeling situations where players are learning about the distribution of Nature's move as well as learning about the opponents' strategies. A second goal is to argue that quite restrictive assumptions are necessary to justify the concept of Nash equilibrium without a common prior as a steady state of a learning process.
An abstract interpretation framework for termination

Proof, verification and analysis methods for termination all rely on two induction principles: (1) a variant function or induction on data ensuring progress towards the end and (2) some form of induction on the program structure. The abstract interpretation design principle is first illustrated for the design of new forward and backward proof, verification and analysis methods for safety. The safety collecting semantics defining the strongest safety property of programs is first expressed in a constructive fixpoint form. Safety proof and checking/verification methods then immediately follow by fixpoint induction. Static analysis of abstract safety properties such as invariance are constructively designed by fixpoint abstraction (or approximation) to (automatically) infer safety properties. So far, no such clear design principle did exist for termination so that the existing approaches are scattered and largely not comparable with each other. For (1), we show that this design principle applies equally well to potential and definite termination. The trace-based termination collecting semantics is given a fixpoint definition. Its abstraction yields a fixpoint definition of the best variant function. By further abstraction of this best variant function, we derive the Floyd/Turing termination proof method as well as new static analysis methods to effectively compute approximations of this best variant function. For (2), we introduce a generalization of the syntactic notion of struc- tural induction (as found in Hoare logic) into a semantic structural induction based on the new semantic concept of inductive trace cover covering execution traces by segments, a new basis for formulating program properties. Its abstractions allow for generalized recursive proof, verification and static analysis methods by induction on both program structure, control, and data. Examples of particular instances include Floyd's handling of loop cutpoints as well as nested loops, Burstall's intermittent assertion total correctness proof method, and Podelski-Rybalchenko transition invariants.
Potential Use of MEG to Understand Abnormalities in Auditory Function in Clinical Populations

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides a direct, non-invasive view of neural activity with millisecond temporal precision. Recent developments in MEG analysis allow for improved source localization and mapping of connectivity between brain regions, expanding the possibilities for using MEG as a diagnostic tool. In this paper, we first describe inverse imaging methods (e.g., minimum-norm estimation) and functional connectivity measures, and how they can provide insights into cortical processing. We then offer a perspective on how these techniques could be used to understand and evaluate auditory pathologies that often manifest during development. Here we focus specifically on how MEG inverse imaging, by providing anatomically based interpretation of neural activity, may allow us to test which aspects of cortical processing play a role in (central) auditory processing disorder [(C)APD]. Appropriately combining auditory paradigms with MEG analysis could eventually prove useful for a hypothesis-driven understanding and diagnosis of (C)APD or other disorders, as well as the evaluation of the effectiveness of intervention strategies.
Home Versus Hospital Rehabilitation of Older Adults Following Hip Fracture Yields Similar Patient-Reported Outcome Measures

The increase in hip fractures (HF) due to aging of the population and the rise in attractiveness of services provided at home following the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasize the need to compare outcomes of home versus hospital HF rehabilitation. To date, studies comparing the 2 services have focused primarily on clinical outcomes rather than patient-reported outcomes (PROs). This longitudinal observational study evaluated PROs of older adults with HF in the 2 settings. The SF36 questionnaire was used to measure PROs 3 times after surgery. The first PRO was retrospective and reflected pre-fracture health status. Descriptive statistics and mixed-effect logistic regression were used. Of 86 patients participating in the study, 41 had home rehabilitation and 45 had hospital rehabilitation. In both groups, the mental and physical scores plummeted 2 weeks after the HF, compared to pre-fracture status. The difference in improvement from pre-fracture status to recovery in both groups, were not significantly (P < .05) different, except for the pain domain. PROs of home versus hospital rehabilitation were similar, suggesting that rehabilitation at home can be as effective as hospital rehabilitation for suitable patients. This knowledge can improve quality of care in an aging global population.
Direct Digital Signal Generation for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Radar Systems

Direct digital synthesizers provide broadband and flexible signal generation. Hence, they are well suited for radar applications. In this paper, we consider the EUVIS DS872 device that has a bandwidth of 3GHz and an internal memory. The goal of this work is to evaluate its usability in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar systems. An experimental test environment has been created, where phase noise and linearity measurements have been performed. A final study considers the amplitude and phase transition after the frequency content of the signal has changed.
Exploring the relation of active surveillance schedules and prostate cancer mortality

Abstract Background Active surveillance (AS), where treatment is deferred until cancer progression is detected by a biopsy, is acknowledged as a way to reduce overtreatment in prostate cancer. However, a consensus on the frequency of taking biopsies while in AS is lacking. In former studies to optimize biopsy schedules, the delay in progression detection was taken as an evaluation indicator and believed to be associated with the long‐term outcome, prostate cancer mortality. Nevertheless, this relation was never investigated in empirical data. Here, we use simulated data from a microsimulation model to fill this knowledge gap. Methods In this study, the established MIcrosimulation SCreening Analysis model was extended with functionality to simulate the AS procedures. The biopsy sensitivity in the model was calibrated on the Canary Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Study (PASS) data, and four (tri‐yearly, bi‐yearly, PASS, and yearly) AS programs were simulated. The relation between detection delay and prostate cancer mortality was investigated by Cox models. Results The biopsy sensitivity of progression detection was found to be 50%. The Cox models show a positive relation between a longer detection delay and a higher risk of prostate cancer death. A 2‐year delay resulted in a prostate cancer death risk of 2.46%–2.69% 5 years after progression detection and a 10‐year risk of 5.75%–5.91%. A 4‐year delay led to an approximately 8% greater 5‐year risk and an approximately 25% greater 10‐year risk. Conclusion The detection delay is confirmed as a surrogate for prostate cancer mortality. A cut‐off for a “safe” detection delay could not be identified.
Evaluation of Modern Dynamic Programming Algorithms for Realtime Active Stereo Systems

Stereo Vision has been an active research field that has produced a variety of different algorithms. Unfortunately most of the algorithms that produce superior results rely on non-linear optimization techniques that are very computationally expensive, and therefore not feasible to use for real-time applications such as tele-immersion. This paper will examine a number of real-time stereo algorithms based on dynamic programming (DP) used in conjunction with structured light in order to improve the quality and facilitate the correspondence search. We will examine some of the early DP algorithms as well as the more recent work produced by [Criminisi et al] for the purpose of Gaze manipulation for teleconferencing in the context of 3d reconstruction. We present adaptation of [Birchfield et al] DP algorithm to work with structured light. Additional we look at spatialtemporal support region for computing matching costs.
Twitter and Public Health (Part 1): How Individual Public Health Professionals Use Twitter for Professional Development

Background The use of social networking sites is increasingly being adopted in public health, in part, because of the barriers to funding and reduced resources. Public health professionals are using social media platforms, specifically Twitter, as a way to facilitate professional development. Objective The objective of this study was to identify public health professionals using Twitter and to analyze how they use this platform to enhance their formal and informal professional development within the context of public health. Methods Keyword searches were conducted to identify and invite potential participants to complete a survey related to their use of Twitter for public health and professional experiences. Data regarding demographic attributes, Twitter usage, and qualitative information were obtained through an anonymous Web-based survey. Open-response survey questions were analyzed using the constant comparison method. Results “Using Twitter makes it easier to expand my networking opportunities” and “I find Twitter useful for professional development” scored highest, with a mean score of 4.57 (standard deviation [SD] 0.74) and 4.43 (SD 0.76) on a 5-point Likert scale. Analysis of the qualitative data shows the emergence of the following themes for why public health professionals mostly use Twitter: (1) geography, (2) continuing education, (3) professional gain, and (4) communication. Conclusions For public health professionals in this study, Twitter is a platform best used for their networking and professional development. Furthermore, the use of Twitter allows public health professionals to overcome a series of barriers and enhances opportunities for growth.
Human Neuroscience

γ oscillations: the perisomatic-targeting, fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) that express the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) (Bartos et al., 2007). This class includes chandelier and basket cells, which make γ-amino-butyric-acid type A (GABA A) synapses onto their targets, and also synchronize each other through gap junctions. In schizophrenia PV interneurons show evidence of decreased GABA synthesis, suggesting a specifi c link between this disorder and the neural/cognitive functions associated with γ oscillations (Gonzalez-Burgos and Lewis, 2008; Uhlhaas et al., 2008). Supporting this hypothesis, reductions of γ oscillation power and/or phase synchronization in the scalp-recorded electroencepha-logram (EEG) have been observed in schizophrenia patients, for example in the auditory (e.g., Light et al., 2006; Spencer et al., 2008b, 2009) and visual (e.g., Spencer et al., 2008a) sensory modalities; in corollary-discharge processes in the motor system (Ford et al., 2008); and in the prefrontal cortex in association with cognitive control processes (Cho et al., 2006). Furthermore, correlations have been found between oscillation measures and schizophrenia symptoms such as hallucinations, disorganization, thought disorder, and attention defi cits (Spencer et al., 2004, 2008b), avolition/apathy (Ford et al., 2008), and working memory (Light et al., 2006).
ADP-ribosylation Factor-1 Stimulates Formation of Nascent Secretory Vesicles from the trans-Golgi Network of Endocrine Cells (*)

ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) is a small GTP-binding protein that has been implicated in intracellular vesicular transport. ARF regulates the budding of vesicles that mediate endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and intra-Golgi transport. It also plays an important role in maintaining the function and morphology of the Golgi apparatus. Using a permeabilized cell system derived from GH cells, we provide evidence that ARF-1 regulates the formation of nascent secretory vesicles from the trans-Golgi network. Both myristoylated and non-myristoylated forms of recombinant human ARF-1 enhanced secretory vesicle budding about 2-fold. A mutant lacking the first 17 N-terminal residues, as well as one that preferentially binds GDP (T31N) did not stimulate vesicle formation. In contrast, a mutant defective in GTP hydrolysis (Q71L) promoted vesicle budding. Strikingly, a peptide corresponding to the N terminus of human ARF-1 (amino acids 2-17) also stimulated vesicle budding from the trans-Golgi network, in marked contrast to its inhibitory effect on vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. These data demonstrate that in endocrine cells, ARF-1 and in particular its N terminus play an essential role in the formation of secretory vesicles.
Processing Incomplete k Nearest Neighbor Search

Given a setS of multidimensional objects and a query object q, a k nearest neighbor (kNN) query finds from S the k closest objects to q. This query is a fundamental problem in database, data mining, and information retrieval research. It plays an important role in a wide spectrum of real applications such as image recognition and location-based services. However, due to the failure of data transmission devices, improper storage, and accidental loss, incomplete data exist widely in those applications, where some dimensional values of data items are missing. In this paper, we systematically study incomplete k nearest neighbor (IkNN) search, which aims at the kNN query for incomplete data. We formalize this problem and propose an efficient lattice partition algorithm using our newly developed LαB index to support exact IkNN retrieval, with the help of two pruning heuristics, i.e., α value pruning and partial distance pruning. Furthermore, we propose an approximate algorithm, namely histogram approximate, to support approximate IkNN search with improved search efficiency and guaranteed error bound. Extensive experiments using both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of newly designed indexes and pruning heuristics, as well as the performance of our presented algorithms under a variety of experimental settings.
Micrometeorological studies of a beef feedlot, dairy, and grassland : measurements of ammonia, methane, and energy balance closure

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v DEDICATION . vi LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x 1. CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. LIVESTOCK EMISSIONS . 1 1.1.1. AMMONIA AND METHANE . 1 1.1.2. MEASUREMENTS . 2 1.2. ENERGY BALANCE CLOSURE . 3 1.3. OBJECTIVES . 4 1.4. HYPOTHESES . 5 2. CHAPTER 2 – AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM A BEEF FEEDLOT: COMPARISON OF INVERSE MODELING TECHNIQUES USING LONG-PATH AND POINT MEASUREMENTS OF FENCELINE NH3 . 7 2.
Knowledge Discovery in High Dimensional Data: Case Studies and a User Survey for an Information Visualization Tool

Knowledge discovery in high dimensional data is a challenging enterprise, but new visual analytic tools appear to offer users remarkable powers if they are ready to learn new concepts and interfaces. Our 3-year effort to develop versions of the Hierarchical Clustering Explorer (HCE) began with building an interactive tool for exploring clustering results. It expanded, based on user needs, to include other potent analytic and visualization tools for multivariate data, especially the rank-by-feature framework. Our own successes using HCE provided some testimonial evidence of its utility, but we felt it necessary to get beyond our subjective impressions. This paper presents an evaluation of the Hierarchical Clustering Explorer (HCE) using three case studies and an email user survey (n=57) to focus on skill acquisition with the novel concepts and interface for the rank-by-feature framework. Knowledgeable and motivated users in diverse fields provided multiple perspectives that refined our understanding of strengths and weaknesses. A user survey confirmed the benefits of HCE, but gave less guidance about improvements. Both evaluations suggested improved training methods.
Weighted-Collaborative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio

Cognitive radio is an advanced enabling technology for efficient utilization of under-utilized spectrum since it is able to sense the spectrum and use the frequency when the primary users are absent. Recent investigation suggests that spectrum sensing is compromised when a user experiences fading or shadowing. In order to combat such effects, collaborative sensing is presented. However, the conventional collaborative sensing is not effective when users suffer from different fading environments. In this paper, we propose a weighted-collaborative scheme to improve the spectrum sensing performance under fading environment. The analysis of the simulation results proves that the weighted-collaborative scheme improves sensing performance obviously.
Probe pattern inaccuracy in fully probe corrected multilevel plane wave based near-field far-field transformed planar near-field measurements

The uncertainty in the transformed far field of an antenna under test due to probe pattern inaccuracy is investigated for multilevel plane wave based near-field far-field transformation algorithm. A random error based on signal-to-noise ratio of the probe far field magnitude is introduced in the probe pattern which is then used for full probe correction. To avoid the effect of other environmental and measurement errors, synthetic approach utilizing electric dipoles to synthesize an antenna under test is used. The deterioration in the transformed far field gets significant as the inaccuracy in the probe pattern is increased, thus providing a rough limit on the probe pattern inaccuracy for the required accuracy in the far field. The error behavior is then compared with standard transformation technique employing 2D Fast Fourier Transform.
Rhythm Period Rhythm Oscillator But Has Little Effect on Pyloric Enhances the Strength of the Feedback to the Pyloric Red Pigment Concentrating Hormone Strongly

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , September 28, 2011; 31 (39): 13991-14004. J. Neurosci. Shunbing Zhao, Amir Farzad Sheibanie, Myongkeun Oh, Pascale Rabbah and Farzan Nadim Peptide Neuromodulation of Synaptic Dynamics in an Oscillatory Network [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 9, 2011; 31 (45): 16387-16397. J. Neurosci. Edmund W. Rodgers, Jing Jing Fu, Wulf-Dieter C. Krenz and Deborah J. Baro Current in a Rhythmically Active Neuron That Persistently Alters the Maximal Conductance of the Hyperpolarization-Activated Tonic Nanomolar Dopamine Enables an Activity-Dependent Phase Recovery Mechanism [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , July 1, 2012; 215 (13): 2308-2318. J Exp Biol Teerawat Wiwatpanit, Brian Powers and Patsy S. Dickinson Homarus americanus neuromuscular system in the lobster Inter-animal variability in the effects of C-type allatostatin on the cardiac [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , September 17, 2014; 34 (38): 12933-12945. J. Neurosci. Hua-an Tseng, Diana Martinez and Farzan Nadim The Frequency Preference of Neurons and Synapses in a Recurrent Oscillatory Network [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 31, 2014; 1 (1): . eneuro Gabrielle J. Gutierrez and Eve Marder Modulation of a Single Neuron Has State-Dependent Actions on Circuit Dynamics