Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Control of Deactivation Gating by a Soluble Amino-Terminal Domain in HERG K+ Channels

K+ channels encoded by the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (HERG) are distinguished from most other voltage-gated K+ channels by an unusually slow deactivation process that enables cardiac IKr, the corresponding current in ventricular cells, to contribute to the repolarization of the action potential. When the first 16 amino acids are deleted from the amino terminus of HERG, the deactivation rate is much faster (Wang, J., M.C. Trudeau, A.M. Zappia, and G.A. Robertson. 1998. J. Gen. Physiol. 112:637–647). In this study, we determined whether the first 16 amino acids comprise a functional domain capable of slowing deactivation. We also tested whether this “deactivation subdomain” slows deactivation directly by affecting channel open times or indirectly by a blocking mechanism. Using inside-out macropatches excised from Xenopus oocytes, we found that a peptide corresponding to the first 16 amino acids of HERG is sufficient to reconstitute slow deactivation to channels lacking the amino terminus. The peptide acts as a soluble domain in a rapid and readily reversible manner, reflecting a more dynamic regulation of deactivation than the slow modification observed in a previous study with a larger amino-terminal peptide fragment (Morais Cabral, J.H., A. Lee, S.L. Cohen, B.T. Chait, M. Li, and R. Mackinnon. 1998. Cell. 95:649–655). The slowing of deactivation by the peptide occurs in a dose-dependent manner, with a Hill coefficient that implies the cooperative action of at least three peptides per channel. Unlike internal TEA, which slows deactivation indirectly by blocking the channels, the peptide does not reduce current amplitude. Nor does the amino terminus interfere with the blocking effect of TEA, indicating that the amino terminus binding site is spatially distinct from the TEA binding site. Analysis of the single channel activity in cell-attached patches shows that the amino terminus significantly increases channel mean open time with no alteration of the mean closed time or the addition of nonconducting states expected from a pore block mechanism.We propose that the four amino-terminal deactivation subdomains of the tetrameric channel interact with binding sites uncovered by channel opening to specifically stabilize the open state and thus slow channel closing.
Active Batch Sampling for Multi-label Classi(cid:2)cation with Binary User Feedback

Multi-label classi(cid:2)cation is a generalization of multi-class classi(cid:2)cation, where a single data sample can have multiple labels. While deep neural networks have depicted commendable performance for multi-label learning, they require a large amount of manually annotated training data to attain good generalization capability. However, annotating a multi-label data sample requires a human oracle to consider the presence/absence of every single class individually, which is extremely laborious. Active learning algorithms automatically identify the salient and exemplar instances from large amounts of unlabeled data and are effective in reducing human annotation effort in inducing a machine learning model. In this paper, we propose a novel active learning framework for multi-label learning, which queries a batch of (image-label) pairs and for each pair, poses the question whether the queried label is present in the corresponding image; the human annotators merely need to provide a binary feedback ((cid:147)yes/no(cid:148)) in response to each query, which involves much less manual work. We pose the image and label selection as a constrained optimization problem and derive a linear programming relaxation to select a batch of (image-label) pairs, which are maximally informative to the underlying deep neural network. Our extensive empirical studies on three challenging datasets corroborate the potential of our method for real-world multi-label classi(cid:2)cation applications.
Transmission Channels of Systemic Risk and Contagion in the European Financial Network

We investigate systemic risk and how financial contagion propagates within the euro area banking system by employing the Maximum Entropy method. The study captures multiple snapshots of a dynamic financial network and uses counterfactual simulations to propagate shocks emerging from three sources of systemic risk: interbank, asset price, and sovereign credit risk markets. As conditions deteriorate, these channels trigger severe direct and indirect losses and cascades of defaults, whilst the dominance of the sovereign credit risk channel amplifies, as the primary source of financial contagion in the banking network. Systemic risk within the northern euro area banking system is less apparent, while the southern euro area banking system is more prone and susceptible to bank failures provoked by financial contagion. By modelling the contagion path the results demonstrate that the euro area banking system insists to be markedly vulnerable and conducive to systemic risks.
The AIPS-98 Planning Competition

In 1998, the international planning community was invited to take part in the first planning competition, hosted by the Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems Conference, to provide a new impetus for empirical evaluation and direct comparison of automatic domain-independent planning systems. This article describes the systems that competed in the event, examines the results, and considers some of the implications for the future of the field.
Institut für Mathematik

A dual-weighted residual approach for goal-oriented adaptive ﬁ-nite elements for a class of optimal control problems for elliptic variational inequalities is studied. The development is based on the concept of C-stationarity. The overall error representation depends on primal residuals weighted by approximate dual quantities and vice versa as well as various complementarity mismatch errors. Also, a priori bounds for C-stationary points and associated multipliers are derived. Details on the numerical realization of the adaptive concept are provided and a report on numerical tests including the critical cases of biactivity are presented.
Probabilistic Analysis of Pareto Front Approximation for a Hybrid Multi-objective Bayesian Estimation of Distribution Algorithm

Metaheuristics that explore the decision variables space to construct probabilistic modeling from promising solutions, like estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs), are becoming very popular in the context of Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs). The probabilistic model used in EDAs captures certain statistics of problem variables and their interdependencies. Moreover, the incorporation of local search methods tends to achieve synergy of MOEAs' operators and local heuristics aiming to improve the performance. In this work, we aim to scrutinize the probabilistic graphic model (PGM) presented in Hybrid Multi-objective Bayesian Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (HMOBEDA), which is based on a Bayesian network. Different from traditional EDA-based approaches, the PGM of HMOBEDA provides the joint probability of decision variables, objectives, and configuration parameters of an embedded local search. HMOBEDA has shown to be very competitive on instances of Multi-Objective Knapsack Problem (MOKP), outperforming state-of-the-art approaches. Two variants of HMOBEDA are proposed in this paper using different sample methods. We aim to compare the learnt structure in terms of the probabilistic Pareto Front approximation produced at the end of evolution. Results on instances of MOKP with 2 to 8 objectives show that both proposed variants outperformthe original approach, providing not only the best values for hypervolume and inverted generational distance indicators, butalso a higher diversity in the solution set.
Fine structural distribution of acetylcholine receptors at developing mouse neuromuscular junctions

The distribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in neuromuscular junctions of embryonic and newborn mice (strain 129/ReJ) was examined on the fine structural level using [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin labeling and quantitative electron microscope autoradiography. Changes in junctional receptor site density were related to changes in the structure of the postjunctional membrane, in particular the differentiation of morphologically distinct regions of thickened membrane and the formation of junctional folds. The following sequence of development is described: (1) At the earliest age examined, embryonic day 16 of gestation (i.e., at approximately the time when junctional receptor accumulations are first detected), subneural receptor aggregates have poorly defined boundaries and seem to extend beyond the region of direct axonal or Schwann cell contact. At that time the subneural AChR site density is somewhat variable but averages approximately 2000 to 3000 sites/micron 2, and the subneural muscle membrane shows discontinuous membrane specialization (membrane thickening plus a cytoplasmic amorphous layer). There seems to be no preferential labeling of contact regions rich in such specialization compared with those where membrane thickening was less obvious or absent. (2) By birth, junctional AChRs are strongly correlated with morphologically specialized membrane, at a constant density of approximately 9000/micron 2 (comparable to that in adult animals of this strain of mouse). During the first postnatal week, a large fraction of the primary cleft is covered by Schwann cell rather than axon terminal. Receptor-rich dense membrane and incipient junctional folds are found under axon terminals and, to a lesser extent, under Schwann cell extensions, but they are not seen beyond the edge of the “junctional complex. ” Coated vesicles are a prominent feature of the subjunctional sarcoplasm in neonatal junctions, and their number declines sharply during the first week. (3) Junctional folds differentiate mainly after the first postnatal week. Development of folds is associated with a 1.5- to 1.8-fold increase in length of specialized thickened membrane and a parallel increase in number of receptor sites per endplate. Since this is also a period of rapid overall endplate growth (Steinbach, J.H. (1981) Dev. Biol. 84: 267–276) the total number of endplate receptors increases greater than 30-fold during the maturation period following the first week while the concentration of receptors/micron 2 of thickened membrane remains constant.
HighTech and Innovation

Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) and the rise of the Internet of Behavior (IoB) have made it possible to develop real-time improved traveler assistance tools for mobile phones, assisted by cloud-based machine learning and using fog computing in between the IoT and the Cloud. Within the Horizon2020-funded mF2C project, an Android app has been developed exploiting the proximity marketing concept and covers the essential path through the airport onto the flight, from the least busy security queue through to the time to walk to the gate, gate changes, and other obstacles that airports tend to entertain travelers with. It gives travelers a chance to discover the facilities of the airport, aided by a recommender system using machine learning that can make recommendations and offer vouchers based on the traveler’s preferences or on similarities to other travelers. The system provides obvious benefits to airport planners, not only people tracking in the shops area, but also aggregated and anonymized view, like heat maps that can highlight bottlenecks in the infrastructure, or suggest situations that require intervention, such as emergencies. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the tool could be adapted to help in social distancing to guarantee safety. The use of the fog-to-cloud platform and the fulfillment of all centricity and privacy requirements of the IoB give evidence of the impact of the solution.
Natural-Scene Perception Requires Attention

Is visual attention required for visual consciousness? In the past decade, many researchers have claimed that awareness can arise in the absence of attention. This claim is largely based on the notion that natural scene (or “gist”) perception occurs without attention. This article presents evidence against this idea. We show that when observers perform a variety of demanding, sustained-attention tasks, inattentional blindness occurs for natural scenes. In addition, scene perception is impaired under dual-task conditions, but only when the primary task is sufficiently demanding. This finding suggests that previous studies that have been interpreted as demonstrating scene perception without attention failed to fully engage attention and that natural-scene perception does indeed require attention. Thus, natural-scene perception is not a preattentive process and cannot be used to support the idea of awareness without attention.
Antidiabetic study and teratogenicity evaluation of ethanolic Antidiabetic study and teratogenicity evaluation of ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata Linn. extract of Chromolaena odorata Linn.

There is considerable interest in herbal medicine in developing antidiabetic alternative therapy based on plant-derived compounds that would reduce oral hypoglycemic agent-related adverse effects while staying safe during pregnancy. The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves (ECOL) in alloxan-induced diabetes and its teratogenic effect. The hypoglycemic impact of ECOL increased when the extract dose was raised. Three doses of ECOL (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight) showed a 27.29%, 34.68%, and 52.24% hypoglycemic effect, respectively. While, the standard insulin (1 IU/kg BW) group shown a 31.38% hypoglycemic effect ( P < 0.05). The ECOL groups improved beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans in histological examinations of the pancreas. The ECOL groups showed no influence on fetal mortality, however, had a substantial impact on the fetal ossification process ( P < 0.05) in the teratogenic study.
Heavy-Ion and Laser Induced Charge Collection in SiGe Channel $p{\rm MOSFETs}$

Heavy-ion and two-photon-absorption (TPA) experiments have been performed on ultra-thin implant-free quantum well SiGe channel pMOSFETs. Both the single-event-transient pulse magnitude and polarity can depend strongly on the location of the strike along the device channel. The polarity inversion occurs primarily because very limited transient charge collection occurs below the quantum well, as confirmed by two-dimensional TCAD simulation.
Design Issues and Implementations for Floating-Point Divide–Add Fused

This brief presents a dedicated unit for the combined operation of floating-point (FP) division followed by addition/subtraction-the divide-add fused (DAF). The goal of this unit is to increase the performance and the accuracy of applications where this combined operation is frequent, such as the interval Newton's method or the polynomial approximation. The proposed DAF unit presents a similar architecture to the FP multiply-accumulate units. The main difference is represented by the divider, which is implemented using digit-recurrence algorithms. An important design tradeoff regarding DAF is represented by the number of required quotient bits. We present the impact of the adopted number of quotient bits on accuracy, cost, and performance. Consequently, two implementations are proposed: one pro-accuracy and one pro-performance. We show that the proposed implementations have better accuracy with respect to the solution based on two distinct units: an FP divider and an FP adder. The implementation suitable for lower latency presents the best cost-performance tradeoff.
Characteristics and Behavior of Hydrothermal Fluids for Gold Mineralization at the Hishikari Deposits, Kyushu, Japan

The Hishikari gold–silver deposits in southern Kyushu, Japan, are low‐sulfidation vein‐type epithermal deposits. Bulk composition analysis, fluid inclusion microthermometry and quantitative gas composition analysis on the basis of the crush‐fast scan (CFS) method were conducted to elucidate characteristics and behavior of hydrothermal fluids responsible for the gold mineralization of the Hishikari deposits. Quartz vein samples were collected from widely scattered locations of ore veins: Zuisen‐6, ‐3, ‐1 (Main deposit), Keisen‐2 and Shosen‐5 (Sanjin deposit), and Seisen‐8 (Yamada deposit) between −70 and 64 ML (mine meter level). The samples are composed mainly of quartz and adularia, and ore minerals of electrum, pyrargyrite, pyrite and/or stibnite, having an average bulk Ag/Au weight ratio of 0.54. Fluid inclusions in quartz and adularia are two‐phase liquid–vapor, and their trapping temperatures and salinities are ca. 190–220 °C and 1.5–2.7 wt. % NaCl eq., respectively. The salinity is highest with an average 2.4 wt. % NaCl eq. of the fluid inclusions from the deepest level (Zuisen‐6 vein at −70 ML), while the fluid inclusion salinities from other samples are relatively low less than ca. 2.0 wt. % NaCl eq. Parallel‐ and lattice‐bladed quartz occur in a number of veins, suggesting fluid boiling during the vein formation.
Information-Theoretic Advisors in Invisible Chess

Making decisions under uncertainty remains a central problem in AI research. Unfortunately, most uncertain real-world problems are so complex that progress in them is extremely difﬁcult. Games model some elements of the real world, and offer a more controlled environment for exploring meth-ods for dealing with uncertainty. Chess and chess-like games have long been used as a strategically complex test-bed for general AI research, and we extend that tradition by introducing an imperfect information variant of chess with some useful properties such as the ability to scale the amount of uncertainty in the game. We discuss the complexity of this game which we call invisible chess , and present results outlining the basic game. We motivate and describe the implementation and application of two information-theoretic advisors, and describe our decision-theoretic approach to combining these information-theoretic advisors with a basic strategic advisor. Finally we discuss promising preliminary results that we have obtained with these advisors.
G LOBAL N EWS OR R OMANTIC M OVIES : H OW C USTOMER V ALUES A RE K EY FOR THE E NTERTAINMENT E XPERIENCE

Recommending content that is tailored toward individual users can support the basic need for instant gratification. Recent developments concerning media and over-the-top services majorly address user needs. However, user needs are short-term oriented, which lacks the possibility to design systems and services to enhance long-term user experience, and support behavior change. Thus, considering long-term oriented user values can be a key element to overcome these challenges in the design of future media services. To initially investigate how users’ values changed over the last 5 years, and thus impacted behavior concerning media consumption, we conducted a survey-based study (N=144). Key findings show a shift towards valuing social connections instead of driving for personal success and achievement. Due to this value shift, our insights outline that watching live broadcasts is not as important anymore as it was in the past. Instead, today's customers primarily seek personalized entertainment content with unlimited access which can be watched preferably on a big screen without any interruptions. In addition, our data highlights that media consumption and individual media behavior gets significantly impacted by customers' values. We conclude with a set of recommendations on how to improve the next generation of entertainment services.
The phase transition in random regular exact cover

A $k$-uniform, $d$-regular instance of Exact Cover is a family of $m$ sets $F_{n,d,k} = \{ S_j \subseteq \{1,. ,n\} \}$, where each subset has size $k$ and each $1 \le i \le n$ is contained in $d$ of the $S_j$. It is satisfiable if there is a subset $T \subseteq \{1,. ,n\}$ such that $|T \cap S_j|=1$ for all $j$. Alternately, we can consider it a $d$-regular instance of Positive 1-in-$k$ SAT, i.e., a Boolean formula with $m$ clauses and $n$ variables where each clause contains $k$ variables and demands that exactly one of them is true. We determine the satisfiability threshold for random instances of this type with $k > 2$. Letting $d^\star = \frac{\ln k}{(k-1)(- \ln (1-1/k))} + 1$, we show that $F_{n,d,k}$ is satisfiable with high probability if $d d^\star$. We do this with a simple application of the first and second moment methods, boosting the probability of satisfiability below $d^\star$ to $1-o(1)$ using the small subgraph conditioning method.
Resolving heterogeneity in CO2 uptake potential in the Greenland coastal ocean

The oceans play a pivotal role in mitigating climate change by sequestering approximately 25% of annually emitted anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). High-latitude oceans, especially the Arctic continental shelves, emerge as crucial CO2 sinks due to their cold, low saline, and highly productive ecosystems. However, these heterogeneous regions remain inadequately understood, hindering accurate assessments of their carbon dynamics. This study investigates variation in pCO2 levels during peak ice sheet melt, in the Greenland coastal ocean and estimates rates of air-sea exchange across 6 ° of latitude. The East and West coast of Greenland displayed distinct regions with unique controlling factors. Though, both coasts represent CO2 sinks in summer. Geographical variation in pCO2 and air-sea exchange was linked intricately to freshwater export from the Greenland ice sheet and levels of primary production in these ecosystems. CO2 uptake ranged from 0.17 to -38 mmol m-2 day-1. However, we found that ﬂux estimation faces substantial uncertainties (up to 770%) due to wind product averaging and gas exchange formula selection. Despite these considerations, we report a ﬁrst order estimate that Greenland coastal ocean takes up -9.5 ± 9.0 Tg C year-1, corresponding to nearly 4% of global coastal CO2 uptake. Obtaining a reliable assessment of air-sea CO2 exchange necessitates data collection across seasons, and, even more so, reﬁnement of the gas transfer velocity estimations in the Arctic coastal zone.
OmpR Regulates the Intracellular Concentration of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol by Affecting the Transcriptional Activity of the Hydrolase phlG in Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24

The broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) is a major determinant of the ability of the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 to exert its suppressive activities towards a variety of soil-borne plant pathogens. Previously, we demonstrated that dysfunction of the transcriptional regulator OmpR of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR resulted in elevated 2,4-DAPG production in P. fluorescens 2P24. Herein, we provide evidence that OmpR might regulate the transcriptional activity of the hydrolase phlG to influence the intracellular concentrations of 2,4-DAPG . The OmpR deletion mutant PM1102 showed increased transcriptional activity (60%) at the promoter of the phlACBD locus and elevated intracellular concentrations (two-fold) of 2,4-DAPG. A subsequent promoter assay for phlH in PM1102 and for phlG in PM1103 ( phlH - ) showed a negative regulatory relationship for ompR on phlH and for phlH on phlG . Additionally, we used EMSA to establish the direct binding of OmpR to the ompR promoter region and the indirect regulatory relationship of OmpR on phlACBD and phlH transcription. Based on these findings, we propose that OmpR influences the intracellular concentrations of 2,4-DAPG by regulating the transcriptional activity of the hydrolase phlG in P. fluorescens 2P24