Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of risk scoring systems for critical care patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: predicting mortality and length of stay

Background Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common reason for intensive care admission. While there exist a number of UGIB scoring systems which are used to predict mortality, there are limited studies assessing the discriminative value of these scores in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The purpose of this study was to analyse five different UGIB scoring systems in predicting ICU mortality and length of stay and compare them to two commonly used ICU mortality scoring systems. Methods We retrospectively identified all patients requiring ICU admission for UGIB to St James’s Hospital over an 18-month period. We calculated their AIM65, Glasgow- Blatchford score, pre- and post-Rockall score, ABC, APACHE II and SOFA scores. We used area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to compare the predictive values of these six scoring systems for ICU and hospital mortality as well as ICU length of stay greater than seven days. Results APACHE II showed excellent discriminative value in predicting mortality in ICU patients (AUROC: 0.87; CI: 0.75–0.99) while the SOFA score showed good discriminative value (AUROC: 0.71; CI: 0.50–0.93). None of the UGIB scoring systems predicted mortality in these patients. All scoring systems showed poor discriminative value in predicting ICU length of stay. Conclusions We were not able to validate any of these UGIB scoring systems for mortality or length of stay prediction in ICU patients. This study supports the validity of APACHE II as a clinical tool for predicting mortality in ICU patients with UGIB.
FULLY GENERAL RELATIVISTIC SIMULATIONS OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE WITH AN APPROXIMATE NEUTRINO TRANSPORT

We present results from the first generation of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic core-collapse simulations in full general relativity (GR) that include an approximate treatment of neutrino transport. Using an M1 closure scheme with an analytic variable Eddington factor, we solve the energy-independent set of radiation energy and momentum based on the Thorne's momentum formalism. Our newly developed code is designed to evolve the Einstein field equation together with the GR radiation hydrodynamic equations. We follow the dynamics starting from the onset of gravitational core collapse of a 15 M☉ star, through bounce, up to about 100 ms postbounce in this study. By computing four models that differ according to 1D to 3D and by switching from special relativistic (SR) to GR hydrodynamics, we study how the spacial multi-dimensionality and GR would affect the dynamics in the early postbounce phase. Our 3D results support the anticipation in previous 1D results that the neutrino luminosity and average neutrino energy of any neutrino flavor in the postbounce phase increase when switching from SR to GR hydrodynamics. This is because the deeper gravitational well of GR produces more compact core structures, and thus hotter neutrino spheres at smaller radii. By analyzing the residency timescale to the neutrino-heating timescale in the gain region, we show that the criterion to initiate neutrino-driven explosions can be most easily satisfied in 3D models, irrespective of SR or GR hydrodynamics. Our results suggest that the combination of GR and 3D hydrodynamics provides the most favorable condition to drive a robust neutrino-driven explosion.
Improving bounds for the Perel'man-Pukhov quotient for inner and outer radii

In this work we study upper bounds for the ratio of successive inner and outer radii of a convex body K. This problem was studied by Perel'man and Pukhov and it is a natural generalization of the classical results of Jung and Steinhagen. We also introduce a technique which relates sections and projections of a convex body in an optimal way.
Anlotinib plus chemotherapy for T790M‐negative EGFR ‐mutant non‐sqNSCLC resistant to TKIs: A multicenter phase 1b/2 trial

This multicenter phase 1b/2 trial aimed to explore the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), activity, and safety of anlotinib plus chemotherapy in patients with T790M‐negative epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant advanced nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after resistance to first‐ or second‐generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
Local alignment of Markov chains

We consider local alignments without gaps of two independent Markov chains from a finite alphabet, and we derive sufficient conditions for the number of essentially different local alignments with a score exceeding a high threshold to be asymptotically Poisson distributed. From the Poisson approximation a Gumbel approximation of the maximal local alignment score is obtained. The results extend those obtained by Dembo, Karlin and Zeitouni [Ann. Probab. 22 (1994) 2022--2039] for independent sequences of i.i. d. variables.
Certain properties of a new subclass of analytic and p-valently close-to-convex functions

In the present paper we introduce and investigate an interesting subclass K_{s}^{(k)}({\gamma},p) of analytic and p-valently close-to-convex functions in the open unit disk U. For functions belonging to this class, we derive several properties as the inclusion relationships and distortion theorems. The various results presented here would generalize many known recent results.
Weak limit of the three-state quantum walk on the line

We revisit the one dimensional discrete time quantum walk with 3 states and the Grover coin. We derive analytic expressions for observed the localization, an long time approximation for the probability density function (PDF). We also connect the time averaged approximation to the PDF found by Inui et. al. to a spatial average of the walk. We show that this smooth approximation constitutes a proper PDF that predicts moments of the real PDF accurately.
Impact of intravitreal ranibizumab, aflibercept and bevacizumab on retinal ganglion cell and nerve fibre layer thickness in Neovascular age‐related macular degeneration

To compare the effects of monotherapy with intravitreal ranibizumab, aflibercept and bevacizumab on retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in patients with naïve neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD).
The Schauder estimate for kinetic integral equations

We establish interior Schauder estimates for kinetic equations with integro-differential diffusion. We study equations of the form $f_t + v \cdot \nabla_x f = \mathcal L_v f + c$, where $\mathcal L_v$ is an integro-differential diffusion operator of order $2s$ acting in the $v$-variable. Under suitable ellipticity and Holder continuity conditions on the kernel of $\mathcal L_v$, we obtain an a priori estimate for $f$ in a properly scaled Holder space.
CNO abundances in the globular clusters NGC 1851 and NGC 6752

We measure the C+N+O abundance sum in red giant stars in two Galactic globular clusters, NGC 1851 and NGC 6752. NGC 1851 has a split subgiant branch which could be due to different ages or C+N+O content while NGC 6752 is representative of the least complex globular clusters. For NGC 1851 and NGC 6752, we obtain average values of A(C+N+O) = 8.16 +/- 0.10 (\sigma = 0.34) and 7.62 +/- 0.02 (\sigma = 0.06), respectively. When taking into account the measurement errors, we find a constant C+N+O abundance sum in NGC 6752. The C+N+O abundance dispersion is only 0.06 dex, and such a result requires that the source of the light element abundance variations does not increase the C+N+O sum in this cluster. For NGC 1851, we confirm a large spread in C+N+O. In this cluster, the anomalous RGB has a higher C+N+O content than the canonical RGB by a factor of four (~0.6 dex). This result lends further support to the idea that the two subgiant branches in NGC 1851 are roughly coeval, but with different CNO abundances.
Ferromagnetic resonance with a magnetic Josephson junction

We show experimentally and theoretically that there is a coupling via the Aharonov–Bohm phase between the order parameter of a ferromagnet and a singlet, s-wave, Josephson super-current. We have investigated the possibility of measuring the dispersion of such spin-waves by varying the magnetic field applied in the plane of the junction and demonstrated the electromagnetic nature of the coupling by the observation of magnetic resonance side-bands to microwave induced Shapiro steps.
Local approximations and intrinsic characterization of spaces of smooth functions on regular subsets of ℝn

We give an intrinsic characterization of the restrictions of Sobolev $W^{k}_{p}$ (ℝn ), Triebel–Lizorkin $F^{s}_{pq}$(ℝn ) and Besov $B^{s}_{pq}$(ℝn ) spaces to regular subsets of ℝn via sharp maximal functions and local approximations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A central limit theorem for the spatial Lambda Fleming-Viot process with selection

We study the evolution of gene frequencies in a population living in $\mathbb{R}^d$, modelled by the spatial Lambda Fleming-Viot process with natural selection (Barton, Etheridge and Veber, 2010 and Etheridge, Veber and Yu, 2014). We suppose that the population is divided into two genetic types, $a$ and $A$, and consider the proportion of the population which is of type $a$ at each spatial location. If we let both the selection intensity and the fraction of individuals replaced during reproduction events tend to zero, the process can be rescaled so as to converge to the solution to a reaction-diffusion equation (typically the Fisher-KPP equation, as in Etheridge, Veber and Yu, 2014). We show that the rescaled fluctuations converge in distribution to the solution to a linear stochastic partial differential equation. Depending on whether offspring dispersal is only local or if large scale extinction-recolonization events are allowed to take place, the limiting equation is either the stochastic heat equation with a linear drift term driven by space-time white noise or the corresponding fractional heat equation driven by a coloured noise which is white in time. If individuals are diploid (i.e. either $AA$, $Aa$ or $aa$) and if natural selection favours heterozygous ($Aa$) individuals, a stable intermediate gene frequency is maintained in the population. We give estimates for the asymptotic effect of random fluctuations around the equilibrium frequency on the local average fitness in the population. In particular, we find that the size of this effect - known as the drift load - depends crucially on the dimension $d$ of the space in which the population evolves, and is reduced relative to the case without spatial structure.
A Second-Order Asymptotic-Preserving and Positivity-Preserving Exponential Runge-Kutta Method for a Class of Stiff Kinetic Equations

We introduce a second-order time discretization method for stiff kinetic equations. The method is asymptotic-preserving (AP) -- can capture the Euler limit without numerically resolving the small Knudsen number; and positivity-preserving -- can preserve the non-negativity of the solution which is a probability density function for arbitrary Knudsen numbers. The method is based on a new formulation of the exponential Runge-Kutta method and can be applied to a large class of stiff kinetic equations including the BGK equation (relaxation type), the Fokker-Planck equation (diffusion type), and even the full Boltzmann equation (nonlinear integral type). Furthermore, we show that when coupled with suitable spatial discretizations the fully discrete scheme satisfies an entropy-decay property. Various numerical results are provided to demonstrate the theoretical properties of the method.
Convergence of the Allen-Cahn equation with constraint to Brakke's mean curvature flow

In this paper we consider the Allen-Cahn equation with constraint. In 1994, Chen and Elliott studied the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the Allen-Cahn equation with constraint. They proved that the zero level set of the solution converges to the classical solution of the mean curvature flow under the suitable conditions on initial data. In 1993, Ilmanen proved the existence of the mean curvature flow via the Allen-Cahn equation without constraint in the sense of Brakke. We proved the same conclusion for the Allen-Cahn equation with constraint.
Safe and effective short-time percutaneous cholecystostomy: A retrospective observational study

The introduction of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PCT) has shifted the paradigm in treatment of acute calculous and acalculous cholecystitis. PCT has high success and low complication rates, but there are still unresolved issues regarding the duration of the procedure. The aim of our study is to determine the characteristics and outcome of patients treated with short-term PCT drainage. Patients who were admitted to the Department of gastroenterology and the Department of Abdominal Surgery at the University Hospital Center Split under the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and who were treated with the PCT, in a period between January 2015 and January 2020, were retrospectively included in the study. During that timeframe we identified 92 patients and have analyzed their characteristics and clinical outcomes. The statistical analysis included the Kaplan–Meier method for calculating survival curves for grades 2 and 3, the log-rank test for testing the difference between survival rates of grade 2 and 3 patients, and logistic regression to determine variables that affected the outcome of our patients. According to the Tokyo guidelines, most of the patients (74, 80.43%) met the criteria for grade 2 cholecystitis, and the minority had grade 1 (9, 9.78%) and grade 3 (9, 9.78%) cholecystitis. The average drainage duration was 10.1 ± 4.8 (3–28) days. We identified mild complications in 6 cases. Nine patients (10%) had lethal outcome. The mortality in the largest group of patients with grade 2 cholecystitis was 5.48% and as high as 71.43% in patients with grade 3 cholecystitis. The complication rate was 6.5%. One quarter of gallbladder aspirates showed a ciprofloxacin resistance. Short-time PCT lasting approximately 10 days can be used safely and effectively for the treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis.
High-Energy QCD factorization from DIS to pA collisions

The high-energy QCD factorization for Deep Inelastic Scattering and for proton-nucleus collisions using Wilson line formalism and factorization in rapidity is discussed. We show that in DIS the factorization in rapidity reduces to the $k_{\rm T}$-factorization when the 2-gluon approximation is applied, provided that the composite Wilson line operator is used in the high-energy Operator Product Expansion. We then show that the inclusive forward cross-section in proton-nucleus collisions factorizes in parton distribution functions, fragmentation functions and dipole gluon distribution function at one-loop level.
Constructions of biangular tight frames and their relationships with equiangular tight frames

We study several interesting examples of Biangular Tight Frames (BTFs) - basis-like sets of unit vectors admitting exactly two distinct frame angles (ie, pairwise absolute inner products) - and examine their relationships with Equiangular Tight Frames (ETFs) - basis-like systems which admit exactly one frame angle. We demonstrate a smooth parametrization BTFs, where the corresponding frame angles transform smoothly with the parameter, which "passes through" an ETF answers two questions regarding the rigidity of BTFs. We also develop a general framework of so-called harmonic BTFs and Steiner BTFs - which includes the equiangular cases, surprisingly, the development of this framework leads to a connection with the famous open problem(s) regarding the existence of Mersenne and Fermat primes. Finally, we construct a (chordally) biangular tight set of subspaces (ie, a tight fusion frame) which "Plucker embeds" into an ETF.
Observational properties of low-redshift pair instability supernovae

Context. So called superluminous supernovae have been recently discovered in the local Universe. It appears possible that some of them originate from stellar explosions induced by the pair instability mechanism. Recent stellar evolution models also predict pair instability supernovae from very massive stars at fairly hi gh metallicities (i.e., Z∼ 0.004). Aims. We provide supernova models and synthetic light curves for two progenitor models, a 150 M⊙ red-supergiant and a 250 M⊙ yellow-supergiant at a metallicity of Z = 0.001, for which the evolution from the main sequence to collapse, and the initiation of the pair instability supernova (PISN) itself, has been previou sly computed in a realistic and self-consistent way. Methods. We are using the radiation hydrodynamics code STELLA to describe the supernova evolution of both models over a time frame of about 500 days. Results. We describe the shock-breakout phases of both supernovae which are characterized by a higher luminosity, a longer duration and a lower effective temperature than those of ordinary Type IIP supernovae. We derive the bolometric as well as the U, B, V, R and I light curves of our pair instability supernova models, which show a long-lasting plateau phase with maxima at Mbol ≃ −19.3 mag and−21.3 mag for our lower and higher mass model, respectively. While we do not produce synthetic spectra, we also describe the photospheric composition and velocity as function of time. Conclusions. We conclude that the light curve of the explosion of our initially 150 M⊙ star resembles those of relatively bright type IIP supernovae, whereas its photospheric velocity at early times is somewhat smaller. Its 56 Ni mass of 0.04 M⊙ also falls well into the range found in ordinary core collapse supernovae. The light curve and photospheric velocity of our 250 M⊙ models has a striking resemblance with that of the superluminous SN 2007bi, strengthening its interpretation as pair instability supernova. We conclude that pair instability supernovae may occur more frequently in the local universe than previously assumed.
A search for H2O maser emission in nearby low-luminosity QSO host galaxies

A sample of nearby galaxies hosting low-luminosity type 1 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), previously studied in CO and H i emission lines, has been searched for maser emission. Using the Effelsberg 100-m telescope, we observed 17 sources with redshifts of z≤ 0.06 and δ > −30° for emission in the 22-GHz water vapour maser transition. The sample objects have been drawn from a wide-angle survey for optically bright QSOs (Hamburg/ESO survey, HES). No host galaxies from the sample have been detected in the water maser emission line. In this paper we review the discussion on the reasons for H2O megamasers being rarely found in Seyfert 1 galaxies. Eight of them are bulge dominated and probably of elliptical type (E/S0), whereas six have spiral geometry. Three of the objects seem to be in a phase of merging/interaction. We found 3σ upper limits for the flux density of 27–60 mJy at spectral resolutions of ∼0.43 km s-1. We furthermore find that the viewing angle to the line of sight to the galaxy, under which the probability to detect megamaser emission is the highest, is about 6°.
The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) en bloc in Denmark: a nationwide register-based study

Abstract Objective Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) en bloc is defined as ECT administered on 2–3 consecutive days. In Denmark, ECT en bloc is recommended for severe conditions such as catatonia, treatment-resistant mania/psychosis, or imminent risk of suicide. To our knowledge, there are no recent reports on the use of ECT en bloc in clinical practice. Here, we provide such a report. Methods We characterized the use of ECT en bloc in the period from 2006-2019 based on data from Danish national registers. Furthermore, we compared mortality rates between patients receiving ECT en bloc and patients receiving standard regimen ECT (not en bloc). Results We identified 2173 patients who received a total of 2734 ECT en bloc treatment courses in Denmark in the period from 2006 to 2019 (6% of the total number of ECT treatment courses). The use of ECT en bloc was stable over the study period (range: 138–196 patients per year). The most common treatment indications were unipolar depression (41%), psychotic disorder (23%), and bipolar disorder (20%). The vast majority (90%) received ECT en bloc voluntarily. The 1-year mortality rate ratio for ECT en bloc compared to standard regimen ECT was 1.42 (95%CI: 1.03–1.95). Conclusion The use of ECT en bloc in Denmark is stable both in terms of the number of patients treated and treatment indications. In keeping with ECT en bloc being used for severe conditions, those receiving this treatment have a higher mortality rate compared to those receiving standard ECT, warranting careful monitoring during follow-up.
On the Radical of Multiperfect Numbers and Applications

It is conjectured that for a perfect number $m,$ $\rm{rad}(m)\ll m^{\frac{1}{2}}. $ We prove bounds on the radical of multiperfect number $m$ depending on its abundancy index. Assuming the ABC conjecture, we apply this result to study gaps between multiperfect numbers, multiperfect numbers represented by polynomials. Finally, we prove that there are only finitely many multiperfect multirepdigit numbers in any base $g$ where the number of digits in the repdigit is a power of $2. $ This generalizes previous works of several authors including O. Klurman, F. Luca, P. Polack, C. Pomerance and others.
A Highly Magnified Gravitationally Lensed Red QSO at z = 2.5 with a Significant Flux Ratio Anomaly

We present the discovery of a gravitationally lensed dust-reddened QSO at z = 2.517, identified in a survey for QSOs by infrared selection. Hubble Space Telescope imaging reveals a quadruply lensed system in a cusp configuration, with a maximum image separation of ∼1. ″8. We find that, compared to the central image of the cusp, the neighboring brightest image is anomalous by a factor of ∼7–10, which is the largest flux anomaly measured to date in a lensed QSO. Incorporating high-resolution Very Large Array radio imaging and submillimeter imaging with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we conclude that a low-mass perturber is the most likely explanation for the anomaly. The optical through near-infrared spectrum reveals that the QSO is moderately reddened with E(B − V) ≃ 0.7–0.9. We see an upturn in the ultraviolet spectrum due to ∼1% of the intrinsic emission being leaked back into the line of sight, which suggests that the reddening is intrinsic and not due to the lens. The QSO may have an Eddington ratio as high as L/L Edd ≈ 0.2. Consistent with previous red QSO samples, this source exhibits outflows in its spectrum, as well as morphological properties suggestive of it being in a merger-driven transitional phase. We find a host galaxy stellar mass of logM⋆/M⊙=11.4 , which is higher than the local M BH versus M ⋆ relation but consistent with other high-redshift QSOs. When demagnified, this QSO is at the knee of the luminosity function, allowing for the detailed study of a more typical moderate-luminosity infrared-selected QSO at high redshift.
Minimax Concave Penalty Regularized Adaptive System Identification

We develop a recursive least square (RLS) type algorithm with a minimax concave penalty (MCP) for adaptive identification of a sparse tap-weight vector that represents a communication channel. The proposed algorithm recursively yields its estimate of the tap-vector, from noisy streaming observations of a received signal, using expectation-maximization (EM) update. We prove the convergence of our algorithm to a local optimum and provide bounds for the steady state error. Using simulation studies of Rayleigh fading channel, Volterra system and multivariate time series model, we demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms, in the mean-squared error (MSE) sense, the standard RLS and the $\ell_1$-regularized RLS.