Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of entrepreneurial behavior of rural migrants in urban society: From the perspective of 'human-environment relationship'

: China has experienced fast urbanization for more than three decades and now it is the key time to promote the quality of urbanization through accommodating rural migrants in urban destinations orderly and properly. The entrepreneurship of rural migrants in urban destinations could increase their incomes and provide more opportunities for interaction and communication with local residents and therefore is considered as an efficient means to enhance social integration of the migrants. However, in domestic scientific community, existing studies mainly focus on the entrepreneurship of rural migrants in rural origins while in international debates, too much emphasis is placed on the entrepreneurial behavior of immigrants and ethnic groups. Studies focusing on the entrepreneurship of rural migrants in urban destinations and its determinants are rather limited. This paper therefore first proposes a theoretic model of entrepreneurial behavior of rural migrants in urban destinations through the perspective of 'human- environment relationship' and then takes Jiangsu province as an empirical case to demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the theoretic model. Based on the '2010 Migrant Survey in Jiangsu province', this paper employs binary logistic model to investigate the determinants of entrepreneurial behaviors of rural migrants in urban destinations. This paper has several findings. Firstly, both the social-economic features of rural migrants and the social, cultural and urban environments are observed to have influences on the entrepreneurial behaviors of rural migrants in urban destinations. Secondly, the urban factors, such as urban labor market and urban economic structure, exert more profound influences on the entrepreneurial behaviors of migrants than the difference in cultural and societal contexts of original places, which are in contrast to the findings of existing studies on the entrepreneurship of immigrants and ethnic groups in destinations. Thirdly, this paper finds that the special institutional schemes of China also have significant influences on the entrepreneurial behaviors of rural migrants, particularly the hukou arrangement tends to reduce the possibilities of the entrepreneurship of rural migrants in urban destinations.
TNFa-Induced Apoptosis and Integrin Switching in Human Extravillous Trophoblast

Differentiation of extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) to an invasive phenotype plays an essential role in establishing and maintaining feto-placental organization during human pregnancy. A switch in integrin expression occurs during this differentiation and is accompanied by changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Alteration of EVT behavior is also modulated by cytokines. To investigate the molecular interactions involved in the EVT differentiation, we examined the effects of cytokines and ECM on the human EVT cell line, TCL1 cells. We found that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) induced apoptosis in TCL1 cells but not in JEG3 cells derived from choriocarcinoma while the addition of interleukin-1b, leukemia inhibitory factor, or transforming growth factor had no effect on TCL1 cells. This apoptosis was suppressed when TCL1 cells were seeded on fibronectin (Fn), collagen type I (C1), collagen type IV (C4), or laminin (Ln). Wortmannin, a specific PI3 kinase inhibitor, inhibited this suppression. Spreading assays and adhesion blocking assays indicated that TCL1 cells express integrin-a5 and -a6 and b1 and b4 subunits. Adhesion on Fn is mediated by a5b1, and adhesion on C1, C4, or Ln is mediated by a6b1 integrins. TNFa suppressed a6 integrin expression and enhanced a1 integrin expression in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, aggregation of b1 subunits on C4 was detected after addition of TNFa. Taken together, these results suggest that TNFa and ECM, through activation of PI3 kinase mediated by b1 integrin signaling, might collaboratively regulate differentiation of trophoblast cells through integrin signaling in establishing and maintaining successful pregnancy. apoptosis, extracellular matrices, integrin switching, invasive trophoblast, tumor necrosis factor alpha
Loop in Target Protease Recognition Acid Residues Within the Reactive Center C1 Inhibitor: Analysis of the Role of Amino

Previous analysis of a naturally occurring C1 inhibitor P2 mutant (Ala 443 3 Val) indicated a role for P2 in speciﬁcity determination. To deﬁne this role and that of other reactive center loop residues, a number of different amino acids were introduced at P2, as well as at P6 (Ala 439 ) and P8 * /9 * (Gln 452 Gln 453 ). Ala 439 3 Val is a naturally occurring mutant observed in a patient with hereditary angioedema. Previous data suggested that Gln 452 Gln 453 might be a contact site for C1s. Reactivity of the inhibitors toward target (C1s, C1r, kallikrein, b factor XIIa, and plasmin) and nontarget proteases ( a -thrombin and trypsin) were studied. Substitution of P2 with bulky or charged residues resulted in decreased reactivity with all target proteases. Substitution with residues with hydrophobic or polar side chains resulted in decreased reactivity with some proteases, but in unaltered or increased reactivity with others. Second order rate constants for the reaction with C1s were determined for the mutants with activities most similar to the wild-type protein. The three P2 mutants showed reductions in rate from 3.35 3 10 5 M 2 1 s 2 1 for the wild type to 1.61, 1.29, and 0.63 3 10 5 for the Ser, Thr, and Val mutants, respectively. In contrast, the Ala 439 3 Val and the Gln 452 Gln 453 3 Ala mutants showed little difference in association rates with C1s, in comparison with the wild-type inhibitor. The data conﬁrm the importance of P2 in speciﬁcity determination. However, the P6 position appears to be of little, if any, importance. Furthermore, it appears unlikely that Gln 452 Gln 453 comprise a portion of a protease contact site within the inhibitor. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 1500–1506.
JCLINPATH75853 1..9

Background Paxillin is a modular protein that localises to cell adhesion sites where it facilitates bidirectional communication between the intracellular actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. These complex and dynamic interactions are essential for cell adhesion, cell migration and cell survival. The authors have previously demonstrated that paxillin is overexpressed in lung cancer tissues and identified somatic paxillin mutations in 9% of lung cancers. A murine in vivo xenograft model of the most common paxillin mutation (A127T) showed increased cell proliferation and invasive tumour growth, establishing an important role for paxillin in the development of lung cancer. Methods The authors analysed 279 bronchoscopy-aided biopsy specimens from 92 high-risk patients. Adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features and pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) were analysed with fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Paxillin is overexpressed in premalignant areas of hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia and goblet cell metaplasia, as well as dysplastic lesions and carcinoma in high-risk patients. Concordance between increased paxillin gene copy number and paxillin overexpression was observed in cases of adenocarcinoma eusomic for
University of Birmingham Long intergenic non-coding (Linc)RNAs mediate the human chondrocyte inflammatory response and are differentially expressed in osteoarthritis cartilage

Similar to the findings in primary chondrocytes, IL-1b stimulation of TC28 cells induced a rapid release of IL-6 protein (Supplementary Figure 3C) and induction of MMPs and proinflammatory cytokines (Supplementary Figure 3D). TC28 cells were transfected with either LNA GapmeRs targeting CILinc01 or CILinc02, or a nontargeting control LNA GapmeR. Following 24 hours of transfection, cells were stimulated with IL-1b for 4 hours in order to provoke an inflammatory response. Similar to our findings in primary human chondrocytes, 4 hours of exposure of the TC28 chondrocyte cell line to IL-1b led to a significant induction of expression of CILinc01 and CILinc02. The IL-1b–induced expression of CILinc01 was significantly reduced (by 63%) in chondrocytes transfected with an anti-CILinc01 LNA GapmeR, and CILinc02 expression was significantly reduced (by 74%) in cells transfected with an anti-CILinc02 GapmeR, compared to an LNA control sequence (Figure 5A). We then investigated the effect of CILinc01 and CILinc02 knockdown on the inflammatory response, by measuring the secretion of a panel of 17 proinflammatory cytokines in response to 4 hours of IL-1b stimulation of human chondrocytes (see Supplementary Table 5, available on the Arthritis & Rheumatology web site at http:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.39520/abstract). Knockdown of CILinc01 expression significantly enhanced the IL-1b–stimulated production of IL-6, IL-8, TNF, MIP1b, and G-CSF (Figure 5B), while knockdown of CILinc02 expression significantly enhanced the IL-1b–stimulated production of IL-6 (Figure 5C). Since previous studies have shown that NF-kB activity can regulate the expression of lncRNAs, we then also examined the effect of pharmacologic inhibition of IKK-2 on the IL-1b–stimulated production of CILinc01 and CILinc02. To this end we used TPCA-1, a known IKK-2 inhibitor (20,32,33). In cellfree enzymatic assays, TPCA-1 displays 22-fold selectivity for IKK-2 over IKK-1 and a . 550-fold selectivity over other kinases, including MAP kinases and JNK kinases (32), though a recent study showed that in non–small cell lung cancer cell lines TPCA-1 also inhibited STAT-3 phosphorylation (34). Preincubation of primary chondrocytes with TPCA-1 (10 mM) significantly reduced the induction of both CILinc01 and CILinc02 that occurred after 4 hours of stimulation with IL-1b. (Figure 5D).
Short Communication Effects of a short-term overfeeding with fructose or glucose in healthy young males

Consumption of simple carbohydrates has markedly increased over the past decades, and may be involved in the increased prevalence in metabolic diseases. Whether an increased intake of fructose is specifically related to a dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism remains controversial. We therefore compared the effects of hypercaloric diets enriched with fructose (HFrD) or glucose (HGlcD) in healthy men. Eleven subjects were studied in a randomised order after 7 d of the following diets: (1) weight maintenance, control diet; (2) HFrD (3·5 g fructose/kg fat-free mass (ffm) per d, þ35 % energy intake); (3) HGlcD (3·5 g glucose/kg ffm per d, þ35 % energy intake). Fasting hepatic glucose output (HGO) was measured with 6,6-H2-glucose. Intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL) and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were measured by H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both fructose and glucose increased fasting VLDL-TAG (HFrD: þ59 %, P,0·05; HGlcD: þ31 %, P1⁄40·11) and IHCL (HFrD: þ52 %, P,0·05; HGlcD: þ58 %, P1⁄40·06). HGO increased after both diets (HFrD: þ5 %, P,0·05; HGlcD: þ5 %, P1⁄40·05). No change was observed in fasting glycaemia, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations. IMCL increased significantly only after the HGlcD (HFrD: þ24 %, NS; HGlcD: þ59 %, P,0·05). IHCL and VLDL-TAG were not different between hypercaloric HFrD and HGlcD, but were increased compared to values observed with a weight maintenance diet. However, glucose led to a higher increase in IMCL than fructose.
We investigated the role of membrane fatty acids in basal proton leaks and uncoupling protein (UCP)-dependent proton conductance in Arabidopsis mitochondria. Using wild-type cells, cold-sensitive fad2

proton leaks and uncoupling protein (UCP)-dependent proton conductance in Arabidopsis mitochondria. Using wild-type cells, cold-sensitive fad2 mutant cells, defi cient in ω -6-oleate desaturase, and cold-tolerant FAD3 + transformant cells, overexpressing ω -3-linoleate desaturase, we showed that basal proton leak in the non-phosphorylating state was dependent on lipid composition. The extent of membrane proton leak was drastically reduced in the fad2 mutant, containing low amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conversely, this proton leak was higher in FAD3 + mitochondria that exhibit a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content and high protein to lipid ratio. The dependency of membrane leaks upon membrane potential was higher in FAD3 + and lower in fad2 . UCP content was higher in both the fad2 mutant and FAD3 + transgenic lines compared with wildtype cells and so was the UCP activity, assayed by the reduction of phosphorylation yield (ADP/O) triggered by palmitate as UCP activator. This UCP assay was validated by measurements of UCP–proton leak in the non-phosphorylating state (fl ux–force relationships between proton fl ux and membrane potential). The potential uncoupling capacity of the UCP was high enough to allow the loss of respiratory control in the three genotypes. Taken together, the data reported here suggest that the cold tolerance of FAD3 + cells and the cold sensitivity of fad2 cells are associated with changes in their mitochondrial membrane basal proton leaks, whereas differences in functional expression of UCP are not simply related to cold adaptation in Arabidopsis cells.
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for perfectionism

Background: The current study explored whether higher-(up to 8 modules) versus lower-dose (3 or less modules) unguided internet CBT for perfectionism (ICBT-P) was more effective, and the best method to promote higher dosage. Methods: Two sequential randomized ICBT-P studies were conducted with participants who self-identified as having difficulties with perfectionism; in the first participants ( N = 51) received 3-module ICBT-P or wait-list, and in the second participants ( N =55) received fixed (asked to complete all 8 modules two per week over 4-weeks) or flexible format (after completing the first psychoeducational module, participants decided how many/in what order they completed the modules). We examined impact on our primary variables, perfectionistic concerns and standards, and secondary outcomes of negative affect, body image flexibility, and self-efficacy. Results: More modules were completed in the higher-( M modules=4.36, SD =3.29) versus lower-dose ( M =1.96, SD =1.23) ICBT-P, d = 0.86 (95% CI: 0.39, 1.34). The latter impacted perfectionism but not secondary outcomes; the former impacted all outcomes (except for self-efficacy), and within-group effect size improvements were double in the high-compared to low-dose ICBT-P. There was no difference between the fixed and flexible formats in terms of the number of modules completed or impact. Conclusion: We can offer a patient-centred approach to ICBT-P that is effective, while suggesting completion of more modules can result in larger, more pervasive improvements.
Peer effects of corporate social responsibility

We investigate how firms react to their product-market peers’ commitment to and adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) using a regression discontinuity design approach. Relying on the passage or failure of CSR proposals by a narrow margin of votes during shareholder meetings, we find the passage of a close-call CSR proposal and its implementation are followed by the adoption of similar CSR practices by peer firms. In addition, peers that have greater difficulty in catching up with the voting firm in CSR experience significantly lower stock returns around the passage, consistent with the notion that the spillover effect of the adoption of CSR is a strategic response to competitive threat. Using alternative definitions of peers and examining underlying mechanisms, we further rule out alternative explanations such as that based on propagation by financial intermediaries.
Supersonic Flight Characteristics of a Winged Re-Entry Vehicle

Spaceplane designers need to be able to rapidly obtain estimations of aerodynamic and stability parameters throughout the re-entry flight. This aids with design changes and trade-offs regarding the stability characteristics of the design. This software was developed with a focus on stability analysis in the Terminal Area Energy Management phase (TAEM), the penultimate phase of the return to Earth. For the HORUS spaceplane, a design study by MBB in the 1980s, the stability coefficients are known down to a Mach number of 1.2 and the dynamic stability characteristics down to a Mach number of 2.5. In this thesis a method is developed to calculate the aerodynamic forces and moments on a spaceplane. This method consists of two parts, an inviscid Euler code for the flow field away from the spaceplane and a viscous boundary layer code for the flow at the surface. The boundary layer code is based on the axisymmetric analogue, which uses a coordinate to transform a complex body into a series of axisymmetric bodies as long as the cross-flow between the streamlines is negligible. Using the Mangler transformation, these axisymmetric bodies can be transformed to flat plates, upon which momentum thickness and skin friction equations can be used. The inviscid Euler code calculates the pressure forces and moments, while the viscous boundary layer code calculates the forces and moments due to friction drag. The combined pressure (inviscid) and friction (viscous) forces and moments on the HORUS are then used for stability analysis at Mach numbers of 2, 1.2 and 0.8, adding to the existing data set. The stability analysis focuses on the stability coefficients (static stability) and motion characteristics (dynamic stability) around the trim condition at the aforementioned Mach numbers. For the dynamic stability an eigenvalue and eigenvector analysis is performed to investigate which motions are present in the lower Mach regimes, whether these motions are stable and how the vehicle behaves during these motions. It is shown that the forces on the vehicle are simulated very well using this methods, as well as the longitudinal pitch moments. For the moments and derivatives regarding roll and yaw the simulated values differ significantly from the reference values. The simulations also show the large influence on the center of mass position on the stability of the HORUS, slight changes can turn an unstable motion in a stable motion and vice versa. Finally, the simulations show that the HORUS generally becomes more stable at lower Mach numbers, which indicates that the TAEM is not the critical phase regarding design for a stable spaceplane.
Changes in Naive CD 4 T Cells

In the elderly, a dramatic shift within the CD4 + T cell population occurs, with an increased proportion having a memory phenotype with markedly decreased responsiveness. To determine what aspects o f the aged phenotype are dependent upon repeated contact with antigen in the environment, we examined CD4 + cells isolated from TC1L Tg n'nce. There is good evidence that no cross-reacting antigens for the Tg TCIL recognizing pigeon cytochrome c are found in the environment o f the animal, so that alterations in the Tg CD4 + cells with aging are likely to be due to antigen-independent processes. We found that in aged animals, TC1L transgeneP °' CD4 + cells, although decreased in number and antigen responsiveness, maintain a naive phenotype rather than acquinng a prototypxcal aged memory phenotype. In contrast, the population o f transgene 1 . g CD4 + cells increase m proportion and express the aged phenotype. Consistent with their naive status, transgeneP °s cells o f aged individuals remain CD44 l° C D 4 5 R B h~, secrete IL-2 and not IL-4 or IFN-3, upon antigenic stimulation, and require costimulation to prohferate to anti-CD3 stimulation. These findings suggest that the aging-associated shift to CD4 cells expressing the memory phenotype is dependent on antigenic stimulation. However, the decrease in antigen responsiveness o f naive transgene p°~ cells, as revealed by a lower secretion o f IL-2 and IL-3 and a lower proliferative capacity, suggests that additional intrinsic changes occur with aging that do not depend on encounter with antigen.
ABPA AND BRONCHIAL ASTHMA; 100 CASES

Objective; The determine the frequency of Allergic Broncho Pulmonary Aspergillosis in cases of bronchial asthma. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study carried out at Department of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore during 01-07-2017 to 31-12-2017. In this study, the cases of both genders and age range of 18 to 60 years having known history of bronchial asthma were included. The diagnosis of bronchial asthma was made by clinical history and on Pulmonary function tests with FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.7 and post broncho dilatation the change in FEV1 of > 12%. ABPA was labelled as yes where there was serum IgE level more than 1000 IU/ml and central bronchiectasis of HRCT chest. Results: In this study, the 100 cases of bronchial asthma were included. The mean age was 31.24±8.78 years (table 1) and out of these 100 cases, 67 (67%) were males and 33 (33%) were females. ABPA was observed in 18 (18%) of the cases. ABPA was seen seen in 16 (24.24%) cases with severe disease as compared to 02 (5.88%) cases with moderate degree of disease with of significant p value of 0.001 (table 2). There was also near significant difference where ABPA was seen in 12 (20%) of the cases with duration more than 3 years with p= 0.09. Conclusion; ABPA is an under rated complication of bronchial asthma and it is significantly high in cases having severe degree of disease.
PII: S1010-7940(99)00355-3

Objective: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) results in expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules (AM) with subsequent in ̄ammatory response. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical impact of modi®ed ultra®ltration (MUF) and its ef®cacy in reducing cytokines and AM following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in adults. Methods: A prospective randomized study of 97 patients undergoing elective CABG was designed. Fifty patients were operated on using normothermic and 47 patients using hypothermic CPB. The normothermic group was subdivided into a group with modi®ed ultra®ltration (n  30) and a group without MUF (n  20). In the hypothermic group 30 patients received MUF compared to 17 patients serving as controls. MUF was instituted after CPB for 15 min through the arterial and venous bypass circuit lines. Cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a , IL-2R) and adhesion molecules (sE-selectin, sICAM-1) were measured preoperatively, pre-MUF, in the ultra®ltrate, 24 h, 48 h and 6 days after surgery by chemiluminescent enzyme immunometric assay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical parameters were collected prospectively until discharge. Results: In all patients AM and cytokines were signi®cantly elevated after normothermic and hypothemic CPB. AM and cytokines were signi®cantly higher in hypothermia compared to normothermia. In hypothermic CPB sE-selectin was decreased after 24 h by 37% (P , 0:0063) and by 40% (P , 0:0027) after 48 h postoperatively. ICAM-1 was reduced by 43% (P , 0:0001) after 24 h and by 60% (P , 0:0001) after 6 days. Similar results were seen in cytokines with reduction up to 60% after 24 h. Changes after 48 h were noticeable but not signi®cant. Reduction of AM and cytokines after normothermic CPB was minimal. Neither in normothermia, nor in hypothermia has sIL2R been effectively removed from the circulation. There were no signi®cant differences in the clinical variables between the patients with or without MUF. Conclusion: AM and cytokines are signi®cantly elevated after hypothermic CPB compared to normothermic CPB. MUF led to a signi®cant reduction in cytokine and AM levels after hypothermic CPB, except for IL-2R. MUF showed minimal effect in normothermia. We conclude that MUF is an ef®cient way to remove cytokines and AM. However, we were unable to demonstrate any signi®cant impact of MUF in outcome of adults after elective CABG. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.