Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer: Time for Ultimate De-Escalation?

Simple Summary In the quest for de-escalation strategies, the complete elimination of non-targeted cytotoxic chemotherapy is often considered the ultimate goal in oncological therapy. This is particularly evident in HER2-positive breast cancer, where expanding targeted anti-HER2 therapy is a focal point of the current research due to the groundbreaking success achieved with trastuzumab. At present, several ongoing studies are examining chemotherapy-free regimens as part of initiatives to minimize the morbidity and toxic side effects of HER2-positive early breast cancer, while ensuring high oncogenic safety. Despite the promising early results achieved by these studies, the standard of care still entails combining anti-HER2 treatment with a chemotherapy backbone. Abstract De-escalation is currently taking place in both the surgical and systemic treatment of breast cancer. The introduction of trastuzumab, the first monoclonal antibody against the HER2 receptor, over 20 years ago was a milestone in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer and marked the beginning of a new era in targeted tumor therapy. In the sense of de-escalation, omitting non-targeted cytotoxic chemotherapy altogether is often hailed as the ultimate goal of oncological research. Especially in cases of small, node-negative, HER2-positive early breast cancer, it remains a challenge for clinicians to establish the safest and most efficient treatment plan while considering the significant potential for toxic side effects associated with chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapy, and the generally excellent prognosis. In this context, several ongoing studies are currently assessing chemotherapy-free regimens as part of strategies aimed at de-escalating therapy in the field of HER2-positive early breast cancer. Despite the promising early results of these studies, the combination of anti-HER2 treatment with a chemotherapy backbone remains the standard of care.
Examining the Impact of OpenAI’s ChatGPT on PhD Student Achievement

Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have revolutionized scientists’ way of conducting research. Accordingly, the current study explores the role of OpenAI’s ChatGPT on PhD students’ achievement. For this purpose, a questionnaire was conducted among a sample of Moroccan PhD students in various scientific fields. The results achieved from structural equation modelling confirmed that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness influence the degree of ChatGPT use and PhD students’ satisfaction, thereby enhancing individual net benefits. These findings offer a number of useful insights for academic leaders and doctoral supervisors regarding how they might take steps to update practices in using artificial intelligence tools.
Groundwater Pumping Impacts on Real Stream Networks: Testing the Performance of Simple Management Tools

Quantifying reductions in streamflow due to groundwater pumping (“streamflow depletion”) is essential for conjunctive management of groundwater and surface water resources. Analytical models are widely used to estimate streamflow depletion but include potentially problematic assumptions such as simplified stream‐aquifer geometry and rely on largely untested depletion apportionment equations to distribute depletion from a well among different stream reaches. Here, we use archetypal numerical models to evaluate the sensitivity of five depletion apportionment equations to stream networks with varying drainage densities, topographic relief, and groundwater recharge rates; and statistically evaluate the sources of error for each equation. We introduce a new depletion apportionment equation called web squared which considers stream network geometry, and find that it performs the best under most conditions tested. For all depletion apportionment equations, performance decreases with increases in drainage density, relief, or recharge rates, and all equations struggle to estimate depletion in short stream reaches. Poorly performing apportionment equations tend to underestimate streamflow depletion relative to numerical model results, leading to a negative bias and underpredicted variability, while error in the best performing apportionment equations tends to be due to imperfect correlation. From a management perspective, apportionment equations with error due to bias and variability are preferable as they correctly identify which reaches will be affected and can be statistically corrected. Overall, these results indicate that the web squared method introduced here, which explicitly considers stream geometry, performs the best over a range of real‐world conditions, and will be most accurate in flatter and drier environments.
Doxorubicin‑induced cardiomyopathy is mitigated by empagliflozin via the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways

Doxorubicin (Dox) exhibits a high efficacy in the treatment of numerous types of cancer. However, the beneficial cytotoxic effects of Dox are often accompanied by an increase in the risk of cardiotoxicity. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). OS in cardiomyocytes disrupts endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, leading to the accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins known as ER stress. ER stress acts as an adaptive mechanism; however, prolonged ER stress together with OS may lead to the initiation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The present study aimed to explore the potential of an anti-diabetic drug, empagliflozin (EMPA), in mitigating Dox-induced ER stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In the present study, the effects of 1 h pretreatment of EMPA on Dox-treated cardiomyocytes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. After 24 h, EMPA pre-treatment promoted cell survival in the EMPA + Dox group compared with the Dox group. Results of the present study also demonstrated that EMPA mitigated overall ER stress, as the increased expression of ER stress markers was reduced in the EMPA + Dox group. Additionally, OS, inflammation and expression of ER stress apoptotic proteins were also significantly reduced following EMPA pre-treatment in the EMPA + Dox group. Thus, EMPA may exert beneficial effects on Dox-induced ER stress and may exhibit potential changes that can be utilised to further evaluate the role of EMPA in mitigating DIC.
Evaluating Knowledge, Self-Reported Confidence Levels, and Prescription Patterns among Dental Practitioners Regarding Analgesics in Dentistry: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objectives: Dental pain is a common problem that often leads to unscheduled dental visits and requires a comprehensive understanding of analgesics, including their indications and contraindications. The aim of this study was to investigate dentists’ knowledge, self-reported confidence levels, and prescribing patterns of analgesics in dentistry. Materials and Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted, resulting in 379 responses. Of these, 68.6% were general dentists, and 31.4% were specialists. The collected data included sociodemographic information, levels of knowledge, and prescription patterns. The survey questionnaire explored self-perceived practices, patient information during prescription, and guiding factors. Descriptive statistics and a generalized linear model for regression were used for data analysis. Results: Higher levels of knowledge were observed in specific contexts such as secondary/tertiary healthcare (p = 0.022), specialization in endodontics (p = 0.003), and a higher number of working hours with patients (p = 0.038). Conversely, increased self-confidence was observed among endodontists (p = 0.008), oral surgeons (p = 0.011), and dentists with more than 6 h of patient interaction (p ≤ 0.001). Orthodontists and prosthodontists demonstrated lower knowledge levels, while specialists in family dentistry exhibited lower self-confidence. Self-confidence and knowledge displayed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.039, p < 0.001). The most frequently prescribed medication was ibuprofen (97.9%), primarily for surgical (83.9%) and endodontic procedures (60.9%), with the main indications being pulpal (85.8%), periradicular (57.3%), and postoperative pain (40.1%). Conclusions: This study reveals significant knowledge and confidence gaps among dentists, including limited awareness of the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for odontogenic pain, a lack of time for effective counseling, and perceived deficits in pharmacology education. To address these issues, targeted educational interventions are recommended to improve analgesic prescribing practice, close knowledge gaps, and increase dentists’ confidence in more effective pain management.
The impact of traffic flow on fuel consumption increase in the urban environment

Over 70% of the European population lives in urban areas. This puts pressure on urban transport systems, leading to increased environmental impacts. Such impacts are particularly large in cases where the traffic caused by vehicles with internal combustion engines is repeatedly braking and accelerating due to poorly planned traffic flow. We have evaluated an increase in fuel consumption in the real case of a road section in Celje caused by the difference in traffic flow between the 'green' and 'red' wave of traffic lights. Based on the obtained results, we are able to estimate the factor of pollution increasing caused by accelerating. By adding the estimates of pollution caused by braking, we get an overall picture of the importance of ensuring a steady flow of traffic to reduce pollution in urban environments.
African Animal Trypanosomosis in an Agrarian Settlement in Kaduna City, Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria

Article No.: 102117153 DOI: 10.15580/GJAS.2017. 8.102117153 Trypanosomiasis has been recognized as a major cause of sickness and death throughout sub-Saharan Africa as well as a major constraint on the use of livestock. Inadequate disease reporting and surveillance has hampered the control of the disease. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of Trypanosomiasis among cattle in Gwaraji district (an agrarian settlement on the fringes of Kaduna metropolis), Igabi Local government area of Kaduna State in Northern Nigeria. A total of 94 cattle were sampled from about 30 herds. These cattle belong to Fulani herdsmen. Parasitological examination was carried out using the Standard Trypanosome Detection Method. The overall infection rate was 25.53% and the trypanosome species observed were Trypanosoma congolense (70.83%), T. brucei (16.66%) and mixed infections of T. brucei and T. congolense (12.5%). The implication of the species identified, method of diagnosis and public health concerns were discussed. Submitted: 21/10/2017 Accepted: 25/10/2017 Published: 30/10/2017
Using augmented reality and deep learning to enhance tourist experiences at landmarks in Makkah

Communicating with visitors in tourist areas is one of the best means of conveying tourist information to them and introducing and presenting these areas to end users. Therefore, the use and activation of a new technical and digital service will help to deliver appropriate and reliable information to end users even if they speak different languages. With the current rapid pace of the industrial revolution, there is an increasing need to create a space to deal consistently with tourism in general. Therefore, innovation is gaining importance when it comes to the creation and utilisation of emerging technologies to promote tourism goals. Augmented reality (AR) has revitalised many areas by delivering immersive experiences in the digital world and bringing them to life in the real world. This proposed study sought to enrich the experience of users by displaying various tourist spots in the Makkah region to them with the relevant multimedia information to enable them to build a better connection with the archaeological areas and sites in the city of Makkah, which is the religious capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and is considered as the cradle of Islam. This was where the Islamic civilisation was launched and the call of the prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, began, and there are many areas that are rich in ancient history, where diverse situations and information can be presented in a beautiful and attractive way. This study proposed the use of electronic glasses linked to a smart device application based on the use of AR to review archaeological areas using deep learning (DL) and multimedia information that support visitors through a database that was previously fed by databases dedicated to this matter, as well as by using some websites and online videos for the same purpose. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was used by sensors attached to the glasses to correctly identify artifacts and thus, display information associated with the sites in question. To increase the level of accuracy, feedback was obtained through a questionnaire that carefully evaluated the presented information using relevant evaluation models through a place experience scale (PES) as well as the experience of using the triple interaction of the AR. The results of the study were discussed and evaluated comprehensively for its future development using statistical methods. The results of the study will serve to enhance competitiveness by showing the archaeological monuments in the Makkah region and providing visitors with reliable information about them through multiple media that will automatically identify what is presented to them according to the different languages of the visitors.
Cerebellar Cortex Morphology of the Red Sokoto Goat (Capri Hircus): Foliation Pattern

Morphological analysis of the cerebellar cortex was done on the red Sokoto goats, with the aim of providing reference baseline data in this species. Results from the nine cerebella examined revealed the mean cerebellar weight of 10.2 ± 0.38g, this accounted for 14% of the total brain weight. The cerebellar mean length 4.9 ± 0.13cm, was close to its width 4.4 ± 0.16cm were very close. The cerebellar surface was complexly foliated, with a well-developed central vermis the cerebellar hemispheres and paraflocculus. The lingula, central lobule and culmen were placed cranioventrally and were not visible on the dorsal view. The declive was the largest lobule in the rostral lobe, having five sublobules. The broader lobules in the caudal lobe were Folium vermis and Tuber vermis, each had two parts; (lobule VIA, VIB) and (lobules VIIA, VIIB), respectively with their sublobules. Furthermore, lobule IX was the third large lobules in this lobe with four sublobules (IXa - IXd). In conclusion, the relatively small sizes of lingula, central and culmen lobules may be correlated with the characteristic short and erect tail of the animal. In addition, the well-developed bilateral cerebellar hemispheres and paraflocculus in red Sokoto goat may be related to the animal high motor activities such as climbing, standing erect on the hindlimbs, with the forelimb suspended in the air to grasps leaves of short trees and shrubs in its ecological regions.
Diagenetic Characterization of Dinosaur Remains Through Histology in Fluvial Contexts from the Upper Cretaceous of the Loncoche Formation, Mendoza, Argentina

Histological and diagenetic features of sauropod and theropod bones from the late Cretaceous Loncoche Formation of southern Mendoza, Argentina were analyzed to elucidate the degree and type of taphonomic alteration in relation to their depositional environment. The histological thin sections reveal a predominance of fibrolamellar bone tissue in the sauropod suggesting an overall fast bone growth, contrary to the presence of parallel-fibered bone tissue that suggests a slow-down growth in the theropod. However, the existence of lines of arrested growth indicates periodic interruptions of growth, andit is likely the expression of their ability to respond to rapid environmental changes. The fossil bones show post-mortem modifications such as weathering, fragmentation, abrasion and hydraulic sorting during transport. Diagenetic processes include substitution, fracturing, plastic deformation due to lithostatic compression, and permineralization events. Petrographic and SEM-EDS analyses show the substitution of hydroxyapatite by fluorapatite in the bone microstructure. Permineralization stages include infilling of vascular canals, trabeculae and fractures with iron oxides and carbonate minerals during the burial history. This work provides an integral approach to the study of dinosaurs from the Loncoche Formation for assessing the diagenetic changes in the bone microstructure and its link with burial environments.
Ecohydrological disturbances associated with roads: Current knowledge, research needs, and management concerns with reference to the tropics

Roads are a pervasive form of disturbance with potential to negatively affect ecohydrological processes. Some of the most rapid growth in road networks is occurring in developing countries, particularly in the tropics, where political agendas are often focused on strengthening the economy, improving infrastructure, bolstering national security, achieving self‐sufficiency, and increasing citizen well‐being, often at the expense of the environment. We review what is known about road impacts on ecohydrological processes, focusing on aquatic systems, both temperate and tropical. We present seven cases that represent the broader trends of road development and impacts in tropical settings. Many of these process dynamics and impacts are not different from those experienced in temperate settings, although the magnitude of impacts in the tropics may be amplified with intense rainfall and lack of best management practices applied to road construction/maintenance. Impacts of roads in tropical settings may also be unique because of particular organisms or ecosystems affected. We outline a set of best practices to improve road network management and provide recommendations for adopting an agenda of research and road management in tropical settings. Importantly, we call for incorporation of transdisciplinary approaches to further study the effects of roads on ecohydrological processes in the tropics. Specific emphasis should also be placed on collaboration with governments and developers that are championing road development to help identify the drivers of road expansion and thresholds of negative impact, as well as methods of sustainable road construction and maintenance.
Bottlenecks in the Investigation of Retinal Sterol Homeostasis

Sterol homeostasis in mammalian cells and tissues involves balancing three fundamental processes: de novo sterol biosynthesis; sterol import (e.g., from blood-borne lipoproteins); and sterol export. In complex tissues, composed of multiple different cell types (such as the retina), import and export also may involve intratissue, intercellular sterol exchange. Disruption of any of these processes can result in pathologies that impact the normal structure and function of the retina. Here, we provide a brief overview of what is known currently about sterol homeostasis in the vertebrate retina and offer a proposed path for future experimental work to further our understanding of these processes, with relevance to the development of novel therapeutic interventions for human diseases involving defective sterol homeostasis.
More Than Meets the Eye: Revealing the Complexities of an Interpreted Education

Sign language interpreters often offer the primary avenue of access for deaf and hard of hearing students in public schools. More than 80% of all deaf children today are mainstreamed, and few of their teachers sign well enough to provide them with full access. As a result, many K-12 interpreters perform multiple roles beyond interpreting. Yet, very little is known about what they actually do and what factors inform their moment-to-moment decisions. This volume presents the range of activities and responsibilities performed by educational interpreters, and illuminates what they consider when making decisions.
Mechanism of Acrylate Emulsion-Modified Cement-Based Materials

Polymer-modified cement-based materials have been widely used in building materials. Polymers play a crucial role in improving the performance of cement-based materials. At the same time, different polymers are added according to specific special requirements to meet the needs of the industry. Therefore, this paper reviewed the research on the performance and mechanism of acrylic lotion in modifying cement-based materials. Firstly, the role of acrylate lotion in the improvement of the volume stability, mechanical properties, and durability of cement-based materials was discussed to explore the advantages and disadvantages further, optimize the application of polymer in cement-based materials according to the performance improvement, and amplify the advantages of polymer modification. Secondly, the physicochemical mechanism of acrylate-lotion-modified cement-based materials was discussed, and the products and reactants of acrylate lotion in the reaction process of cement-based materials, as well as the interaction mechanism of acrylic lotion and cement hydrates, were clarified. Cement hydration is a crucial step in exploring the mechanism of polymer-modified cement-based materials. Due to the acrylate lotion filled on the cement surface and the physical and chemical interaction between them, the cement hydration is delayed, resulting in the cement retarding phenomenon. This paper describes its mechanism. Finally, the improvement effect of acrylate lotion on the performance of cement-based materials was reviewed, the research methods of mechanism research on acrylate-lotion-modified cement-based materials were evaluated, and suggestions for future research methods were provided.
Field-based measurement tools to distinguish clonal Typha taxa and estimate biomass: a resource for conservation and restoration

Two species of clonal Typha [T. latifolia (native) and T. angustifolia (exotic)] hybridize to form the highly invasive, heterotic (high vigor) T. × glauca in North American wetlands leading to increased primary production, litter accumulation, and biodiversity loss. Conservation of T. latifolia has become critical as invasive Typha has overwhelmed wetlands. In the field, Typha taxa identification is difficult due to subtle differences in morphology, and molecular identification is often unfeasible for managers. Furthermore, improved methods to non-destructively estimate Typha biomass is imperative to enhance ecological impact assessments. To address field-based Typha ID limitations, our study developed a predictive model from 14 Typha characters in 7 northern Michigan wetlands to accurately distinguish Typha taxa (n = 33) via linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of molecularly identified specimens. In addition, our study developed a partial least squares regression (PLS) model to predict Typha biomass from field collected measurements (n = 75). Results indicate that two field measurements [Leaf Counts, Longest Leaf] can accurately differentiate the three Typha taxa and advanced-generation hybrids. The LDA model had a 100% correct prediction rate of T. latifolia. The selected PLS biomass prediction model (sqrt[Typha Dry Mass] ~ log[Ramet Area at 30 cm] + Inflorescence Presence + Total Ramet Height + sqrt[Organic Matter Depth]) improved upon existing simple linear regression (SLR) height-to-biomass predictions. The rapid field-based Typha identification and biomass assessment tools presented in this study advance targeted management for regional conservation of T. latifolia and ecological restoration of wetlands impacted by invasive Typha taxa.