Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mortality in Emergency Department of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, a tertiary care centre in Kathmandu, Nepal

Introduction: There are limited literatures regarding mortality studies in emergency department of different hospitals of Nepal. The objectives of this study were to review and highlight the demographic patterns of mortality and to determine the frequency and causes of accident and emergency deaths. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in emergency department of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu for a period of 3 years from April 2013 to 14th April 2016. The study variables were analyzed with descriptive statistics using software SPSS 16. Results: A total of 35,734 cases attended the emergency department during this period with mortality rates of 0.19%, 0.21% to 0.35% on consecutive 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year of study. There were 51(56%) males and 40(44%) females. The age of the cases ranged from 1month 23days to 86years old. Highest number of mortality (30.8%) was seen in the age group of more than 70 years old. Medical causes for death was far more common than surgical causes (83.5% versus 16.5%), Cardiac arrest being the commonest (n=19, 20.9%). Maximum number of cases (n=44, 48.4%) died within 1 to 6 hours of arrival to the emergency department. Conclusions: This study on mortality patterns highlights the causes of common mortalities in one of the emergency department of tertiary care centre in Nepal. This study will provide a basic data to develop competent manpower and good infrastructure with latest equipments in order to optimize positive outcome and to strengthen the emergency setting.
To what degree does digital game based learning affect the language acquisition of young EFL learners

In the current study, we synthesize recent research on digital game-based learning and its potential effect on the speaking and interaction skills of young learners of English as a second language. Various relevant studies enlisting different methodologies are reviewed to determine how digital games affect speaking and interaction skills and the role of motivation in the process. A common conclusion from the reviewed results is that digital games motivate learners to develop their speaking and interaction skills. In addition, the studies reveal that learners who play digital games tend to have a higher level of proficiency.
Conceptual Art for the Aging Brain: Piloting an Art-Based Cognitive Health Intervention

ABSTRACT Art-based interventions have shown promise in improving quality of life and emotional wellbeing among older adults, but few have focused on improving cognition and reducing dementia risk. The current mixed methods pilot study investigated whether healthy older adults, who participated in a 12-week art-based cognitive health intervention, driven by a Conceptualist art approach, demonstrated improvements in their cognitive functioning and psychosocial wellbeing. Participants were cognitively normal, community-dwelling older adults who completed pre and post cognitive and psychosocial assessments, and qualitative interviews post-intervention. Results revealed statistically significant improvements in executive function, cognitive flexibility (set-switching), and life satisfaction. Qualitative exploration of older adults’ perceived outcomes from the intervention revealed that they experienced ‘Personal Growth and Learning’ from the skills and knowledge gained. Specifically, they reported becoming more open minded and critically engaged, being challenged in positive ways, and gaining a better understanding of cognitive health. Participants also reported that the course material was intellectually stimulating and personally relevant. Connections between quantitative and qualitative findings, and how they should guide future interventions, are discussed. This study supports the need to further explore conceptual art for its associations to dementia risk and wellbeing for older individuals.
INVESTIGATING PHARMACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC PRESCRIPTIONS OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN DEHLORAN CITY DURING 2015

Leishmania is parasite protozoan of blood-tissue flagellates that causes the leishmaniasis disease. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic methods are used for the treatment of leishmaniasis. The use of pentavalent antimony drugs, cryosurgery, cryotherapy are therapeutic methods of leishmaniasis. In this study, we investigate patients with suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis who referred to the leishmaniasis treatment center of Dehloran city (Ilam province, Iran) during April 2015 to March 2016 and are treated with different medical checks. In this study, 410 patients with suspected leishmaniasis lesion were enrolled to the study which referred to the leishmaniasis treatment center of Dehloran city during April 2015 to March 2016. Suspected people were enrolled to the study after sampling and Giemsa staining and confirmation of leishmaniasis lesion. Patients were investigated after filling the forms and consent for follow-up treatment. The analysis of the results showed that 15.9%, 14.1%, 64.7% and 2.2% of patients are treated with systemic antimony, topical antimony, cryotherapy and topical antimony with cryotherapy, respectively and 0.4% of patients were under blank treatment and 2.7% of patients were treated with other leishmaniasis therapeutic methods. The used treatments for leishmaniasis depend on the severity, location, number and so on. Given that in 64.7% of patients, cryotherapy was performed alone so it is known that this type of treatment was a priority in 2015 because of the lack of Glucantim drug vials. Given that the subjects had leishmaniasis lesions in sensitive and non-sensitive points of body, they were exposed to different treatment regimes. Cooperation of patient with physician and patience until the end of the treatment process was another effective factor affecting the success of treatment in the study.
The entrainment of brain oscillations through transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) delivered at off-peak frequencies.

It has been demonstrated that endogenous brain oscillations can become entrained to rhythmic stimulation. Four studies were conducted to investigate the possibility of modulating endogenous frequency peaks, through entrainment, from stimulation delivered at off-peak frequencies. Study 1 utilised EEG recordings to establish whether off-peak stimulation within the alpha frequency range could successfully shift individual alpha peak frequencies in the direction of stimulation. Stimulation was delivered at 2Hz above and below the individual alpha peak frequency of each participant. EEG recordings taken immediately after stimulation found no significant modulation of individual alpha peak frequencies. In light of this, the subsequent studies assessed the effects of off-peak stimulation during the stimulation rather than immediately following it. These studies used a working memory task and were based on the theory that differences in theta and gamma frequency peaks causally effect working memory capacity. Studies 2 and 3 delivered tACS at off-peak theta frequencies (4Hz and 7Hz) and study 4 delivered tACS at off-peak gamma frequencies (40Hz and 70Hz) during a working memory task. This was done to ascertain whether such stimulation could alter working memory capacity, which would indicate that peak frequencies had been shifted. Studies 2 and 3 utilised two different electrode configurations (P4/Cz and P4/right supraorbital respectively). In study 3, working memory capacity was enhanced and impaired in the 4Hz and 7Hz conditions respectively. In studies 2 and 4, no significant changes in working memory capacity were found. The findings from study 3 indicate that off-peak entrainment can be used to shift frequency peaks in the direction of the stimulation frequency and that such shifts can have observable cognitive effects. The contrast between studies 2 and 3 highlights the importance of electrode placement in tACS studies.
Platform Variation and Content Variation on Social Media: A Dual-Route Model of Cognitive and Experiential Effects

Abstract The present study examined the effects of platform selection (cross-platform vs. single-platform) and content strategy (varied ads vs. repeated ads) on purchase intention via two mediating routes: cognitive and experiential routes. The results from a 2 × 2 online experimental study found that content variation outperformed content repetition in terms of eliciting more positive ad-related thoughts, increasing ad credibility, and enhancing experiential pleasure, resulting in an increase in purchase intention, suggesting a dual-route model of variation effects. The difference between cross-platform and single-platform was in experiential pleasure such that participants experienced more pleasure when exposed to multiple social media.
Single stage substitution urethroplasty using buccal mucosa in the management of stricture urethra in balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO)

Introduction: Urethral stricture is “narrowing of the caliber of the urethra caused by the presence of a scar consequent to infection, inflammation or injury". Urethral strictures are difficult to manage. BXO is more resistant to all types of treatment and recurrence is the most common complication. Buccal mucosa dorsal onlay graft urethroplasty is one of the surgical treatment modality for treating BXO related strictures. Objective and Methods: This study is to assess the outcome of stricture urethra in BXO cases treated by single stage buccal mucosa substitution urethroplasty. A Prospective study , total 35 patients underwent surgery for stricture urethra with BXO. Results: 33 patients underwent single stage dorsal onlay buccal mucosa substitution urethroplasty and 2 patients underwent augmented roof strip buccal mucosa urethroplasty Pre and post operative uroflowmetry done for all patients , a significant increase in post-operative uroflowmetry rates observed (P value is less than 0.0001.). Patients were followed up post-operatively at 3, 6, 9 ,12 and 36 months intervals out of 35 patients 6 patients had the recurrence. Out of 6 patients ,3 patients underwent one single procedure for recurrent stricture. the success rate is 91.42%. (mean followup period 36.2 months). Conclusion: Buccal mucosa dorsal onlay urethroplasty a good surgical option for BXO patients with less recurrence rate.
‘Ik ben een Afrikaander’: Redrawing Afrikaner Ethnic Boundaries in New Zealand

This paper examines the state of Afrikaner identity in a New Zealand diasporic context, exploring perceptions, experiences, how Afrikaners see themselves fitting into their community, and how this community fits into New Zealand society. Through biographic narrative interviews, participants described an implied representation of Afrikaner which was then constructed into an analytic model consisting of four key characteristics: heritage; faith as a cultural value; language; and, a conservative worldview. Participants referred to themselves against this model in order to ascertain how ‘typical’ they are regarding shared community behaviour and perspectives. Although New Zealand and Afrikaner-South African societies are vastly different, New Zealand’s socially liberal worldview allows an easy transition for today’s comparatively diverse Afrikaners. This transitional process and ethnic boundary modification was found to impact Afrikaner identity in varying ways, particularly related to areas of personal security, new friendship formation, manner of speech, and how they perceived what New Zealanders think about Afrikaners.
Morbidity and mortality of paediatric burns patients at Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique

Background: The incidence of paediatric burn injuries is increasing in Africa. Paediatric burn injuries are among the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Research on the morbidity and mortality in this setting is much needed. Methods: We conducted a prospective questionnaire-based analysis of paediatric burn patients presenting to the Maputo Central Hospital during a five-month period. Interviews were conducted with the children's caretakers by 2 paediatric surgery residents and 1 paediatrician at the Eduardo Mondlane Medical School in Maputo, with the aid of nursing staff. Results: Questionnaires were completed for 66 patients. Most burns occurred from scald injuries (n = 46), particularly from cooking (n = 27) and bathwater (n = 19), followed by fire injuries (n = 16). Burns occurred more frequently in the afternoon (n = 26) and morning (n = 23). Many patients reported no adult caretaker present at the time of the burn injury (n = 24). Most burns were grade II (n = 49). Nearly half of the patients received a blood transfusion (n = 30). One-third of the patients underwent operative surgical debridement (n = 21). Skin grafting was performed on a subset of these patients (n = 13). A large number of patients developed a wound infection (n = 39). All deaths occurred in patients who were admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit and had sepsis (n = 9). The mean total body surface area (TBSA) of burn deaths was 37% (range 20% to 50%), and many deaths were secondary to fire burns (6 of 9; 66.7%). Conclusions: Most paediatric burn injuries occur in association with domestic activities, such as cooking and bathing. Adult caretakers are frequently not present at the time of the burn injury. Mortality rates are high, especially for large body surface area burns caused by fire. Educational programmes may help reduce the incidence of burns and the associated morbidity and mortality. The improvement and expansion of emergency and intensive burn care services may help to improve survival. Keywords: burns; morbidity; mortality; paediatrics; paediatric surgery; Mozambique
Loneliness at Work: Its Consequences and Role of Moderators

The study aims to identify the consequences of loneliness at work (LW) by studying the impact of moderating variables. Responses from 264 middle-level managers belonging to organizations in different sectors in the Delhi-NCR region of northern India were used for data analysis. The results reveal that LW has a positive and significant association with work alienation and a negative relationship with psychological well-being; a negative relationship is established between LW and perceived organizational support (POS); and a significant and negative relationship is established between LW and self-esteem. Furthermore, it validates that POS and SE moderate the relationship between LW, work alienation and psychological well-being. The findings of the study suggest that organizations need to inculcate a sense of belonging, camaraderie and attachment among employees to guard against LW.
Systematic evaluation of F508del variant specific therapies for people with cystic fibrosis

1 Acknowledgements. 3 List of tables . 4 List of figures . 3 List of abbreviations. 4 Aims of this work . 5 Variant nomenclature . 5
Linearized Equations of General Relativity and the Problem of Reduction to the Newton Theory

The paper is concerned with the problem of reduction of the general relativity theory to the Newton gravitation theory for a gravitation field with relatively low intensity. This problem is traditionally solved on the basis of linearized equations of general relativity which, being matched to the Newton theory equations, allow us to link the classical gravitation constant with the constant entering the general relativity equations. Analysis of the linearized general relativity equations shows that it can be done only for empty space in which the energy tensor is zero. In solids, the set of linearized general relativity equations is not consistent and is not reduced to the Newton theory equations. Specific features of the problem are demonstrated with the spherically symmetric static problem of general relativity which has the closed-form solution.
Exploring individuals' experiences of body modification and self-harm : is there a relationship?

Paper one is a narrative literature review of nine studies. It reviews the current evidence base regarding what is known about the relationship between body modification and mental health. Four main categories were reported: associations between body modifications and mental health; associations between number of body modifications and mental health; associations between body modifications and past abuse; and associations of body modifications with risk behaviours. The findings of these studies were mixed. All included studies had some methodological flaws but were regarded as of fair to good quality. All reviewed studies were cross-sectional making it impossible to determine the direction of the relationship between body modifications and mental health. Paper two is an empirical study which explored the experiences of body modification in eight UK women with experience of self-harm behaviours. There are similarities between these behaviours, but associations between them has received little attention in the literature to date. Interviews were conducted using instant messaging services and telephone. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to identify two superordinate themes linking body modifications and self-harm behaviours: Coping Strategies and Body Modifications as Protective. The findings are discussed, along with clinical implications, limitations and suggestions for further research in this area. Paper three is an executive summary. This has been written as an accessible document intended for dissemination of the findings to the general population. The research method, findings, clinical implications and suggestions for further research have been summarised within this report.
Awareness and use of electronic cigarettes: Perceptions of health science programme students in Malaysia

Objectives: In recent years, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or e-cigarettes appear to be gaining in popularity despite controversy over their health effects and public health impacts. This paper is the first in Malaysia to assess sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics associated with ENDS awareness, perceptions and use among students enrolled in health science programmes. Design: Online self-reported use and perceptions of ENDS were assessed using a cross-sectional design. Setting: The study was conducted at the International Medical University, Malaysia. Method: An anonymous Internet-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted among a cohort of 404 undergraduate students at International Medical University, Malaysia, in September 2016. Data were collected over a period of 6 weeks. A 31-question web-based survey was developed to assess sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics associated with ENDS awareness, perceptions and use. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of a set of predictors on e-cigarette use. Results: Almost 95% of respondents were aware of e-cigarettes, 13.8% reported ever-use and students had varied perceptions towards e-cigarettes. Characteristics associated with greater likelihood of ever-use included gender, ethnicity and parents educational level. Other correlates included prior conventional cigarette smoking, prior hookah smoking, parents’ tobacco use and higher sensation-seeking behaviour total score. Conclusion: In this sample of young adults, e-cigarette awareness was high and ever-use was evident especially among ever cigarette smokers. Nearly half of ever-users had not used an e-cigarette in the past 30 days of the survey and mostly reported flavoured over unflavoured e-cigarette use. These findings highlight the importance of e-cigarette surveillance and health promotion interventions targeting young adults.
Portuguese individuals' experiences and perceptions of non-specific chronic low back pain

Low back pain (LBP) is the most common form of chronic pain. Approximately 85% to 90% of chronic low back pain (CLBP) episodes in primary care cannot be related to serious pathology or neurocompression, being described as nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). This disorder involves continuous pain or recurrent flare-ups that are responsible for high levels of distress, functional disability and work absenteeism. It has also a significant impact on health care systems and society in general. Considering the complexity inherent in the experience of NSCLBP, where personal and cultural contexts play a major role, research has highlighted the need to study this phenomenon in contexts that have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to explore the Portuguese individuals` experiences and perceptions of NSCLBP. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was employed to explore the experiences of eight participants, who were recruited purposefully from three Portuguese health sites. Semi-structured one-to-one interviews were carried out in order to collect data. The interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Following an inductive process of data analysis, five themes emerged as interrelated parts of an extended account that explored the Portuguese individuals` experiences and perceptions of NSCLBP. In the first theme the disruptive nature of the NSCLBP experience was emphasised. In the second, the participants` meaning making of NSCLBP and their need to understand it were highlighted. In the third, the clinical encounters and their contribution to maintaining the lack of participants’ understanding about NSCLBP were emphasised. In the fourth, the meaning making of NSCLBP contribution to reshaping the participants` social interactions was explored. In the fifth, the participants` definition of their sense of self through the meaning making of NSCLBP was highlighted. In order to promote the transparency of data analysis, an audit trail was developed to document all relevant steps of this process. This study has offered the first insights into the Portuguese individuals’ experiences of NSCLBP disorder, which may help clinicians in transferring this knowledge to the therapeutic approach to patients with similar experiences. The knowledge produced may be used to inform recommendations for NSCLBP management.
Current Pharmacological Treatment of Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe condition with high mortality rates that typically occurs among immunocompromised patients, mostly those affected by hematological malignancies. In the past few years, an increasing number of cases have been reported among patients without classic risk factors. Although the current guidelines report voriconazole as the first-line therapy for IA, the increase in the rates of Aspergillus fumigatus resistant to azoles represents an emerging problem and requires the introduction of new therapeutic options. For these reasons, alternative antifungal therapies may be used in selected scenarios. The 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease guidelines recommend the use of isavuconazole, a new azole, as one of the first-line treatments for IA, and liposomal amphotericin B with a lower strength of recommendation; other lipid formulations of amphotericin B, posaconazole, and caspofungin can be used as second-line or salvage therapy. More studies are awaited to investigate the benefits of antifungal combination therapies in IA.