Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why, When, and in Which Patients Nonoperative Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Fails: An Exploratory Analysis of the COMPARE Trial

Background: The optimal treatment strategy for patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is still under debate. Different determinants of the need for a reconstruction have not been thoroughly investigated before. Purpose: To investigate why, when, and which patients with an ACL rupture who initially started with rehabilitation therapy required reconstructive surgery. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: In the Conservative versus Operative Methods for Patients with ACL Rupture Evaluation (COMPARE) trial, 167 patients with an ACL rupture were randomized to early ACL reconstruction or rehabilitation therapy plus optional delayed ACL reconstruction. We conducted an exploratory analysis of a subgroup of 82 patients from this trial who were randomized to rehabilitation therapy plus optional delayed ACL reconstruction. The reasons for surgery were registered for the patients who underwent a delayed ACL reconstruction. For these patients, we used the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form, Numeric Rating Scale for pain, and instability question from the Lysholm questionnaire before surgery. To determine between-group differences between the nonoperative treatment and delayed ACL reconstruction group, IKDC and pain scores during follow-up were determined using mixed models and adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index. Results: During the 2-year follow-up of the trial, 41 of the 82 patients received a delayed ACL reconstruction after a median time of 6.4 months after inclusion (interquartile range, 3.9-10.3 months). Most reconstructions occurred between 3 and 6 months after inclusion (n = 17; 41.5%). Ninety percent of the patients (n = 37) reported knee instability concerns as a reason for surgery at the moment of planning surgery. Of these patients, 18 had an IKDC score ≤60, 29 had a pain score of ≥3, and 33 patients had knee instability concerns according to the Lysholm questionnaire before surgery. During follow-up, IKDC scores were lower and pain scores were higher in the delayed reconstruction group compared with the nonoperative treatment group. Patients in the delayed reconstruction group had a significantly younger age (27.4 vs 35.3 years; P = .001) and higher preinjury activity level compared with patients in the nonoperative treatment group. Conclusion: Patients who experienced instability concerns, had pain during activity, and had a low perception of their knee function had unsuccessful nonoperative treatment. Most patients received a delayed ACL reconstruction after 3 to 6 months of rehabilitation therapy. At baseline, patients who required reconstructive surgery had a younger age and higher preinjury activity level compared with patients who did not undergo reconstruction.
Evolution of multicellular longitudinally dividing oral cavity symbionts (Neisseriaceae)

In spite of the staggering number of bacteria that live associated with animals, the growth mode of only a few symbionts has been studied so far. Here, we focused on multicellular longitudinally dividing (MuLDi) Neisseriaceae occurring in the oral cavity of mammals and belonging to the genera Alysiella, Simonsiella and Conchiformibius. Firstly, by applying comparative genomics coupled with ultrastructural analysis, we inferred that longitudinal division evolved from a rod-shaped ancestor of the Neisseriaceae family. Secondly, transmission electron microscopy on cells and sacculi showed that, within each A. filiformis, S. muelleri or C. steedae filament, neighbouring cells are attached by their lateral cell walls. Thirdly, by applying a palette of peptidoglycan metabolic precursors to track their growth, we showed that A. filiformis septates in a distal-to-proximal fashion. In S. muelleri and C. steedae, instead, septation proceeds synchronously from the host-attached poles to midcell. Strikingly, based on confocal-based 3D reconstructions, PG did not appear to be inserted concentrically from the cell periphery to its centre, but as a medial sheet guillotining each cell. Finally, comparative genomics revealed MuLDi-specific differences that set them apart from rod-shaped members of the Neisseriaceae. These MuLDi-specific genetic differences comprise the acquisition of the amidase-encoding gene amiC2, the loss of dgt, gloB, mraZ (an activator of the dcw cluster), rapZ, and amino acids changes in 7 proteins, including the actin homolog MreB and FtsA. Strikingly, introduction of amiC2 and allelic substitution of mreB in the rod-shaped Neisseria elongata resulted in cells with longer septa. In conclusion, we identified genetic events that may have allowed rod-shaped Neisseriaceae to evolve multicellularity and longitudinal division. The morphological plasticity of Neisseriaceae together with their genetic tractability, make them archetypal models for understanding the evolution of bacterial shape, as well as that of animal-bacterium symbioses.
Statistical Study of Foreshock Bubbles, Hot Flow Anomalies, and Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomalies and Their Substructures Observed by MMS

Foreshock transients such as foreshock bubbles (FBs), hot flow anomalies (HFAs), and spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs) display heated, tenuous cores and large flow deflections bounded by compressional boundaries. THEMIS and Cluster observations show that some cores contain local density enhancements which can be studied to better understand the evolution processes of foreshock transients. However, closer examinations of these substructures were not feasible until the availability of the higher resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS). We identify 164 FB‐like, HFA‐like, and SHFA events from two MMS dayside phases for a statistical study to investigate their solar wind conditions, properties, and substructure properties. Occurrence rates of the three event types are higher for lower magnetic field strengths, higher solar wind speeds and Mach numbers, and quasi‐parallel bow shocks. Events usually span up to 3 RE along the bow shock surface and extend up to 6 RE upstream from the bow shock. Though events with and without substructures exhibit similar solar wind conditions, events with substructures are more likely to have longer core durations and larger sizes. Substructure densities display a positive correlation with bulk flows and a negative correlation with temperatures. Substructure sizes vary between 4 and 24 ion inertial lengths, indicating multiple formation mechanisms. Substructures could be the boundary between two foreshock transient events that have merged into a single event, fast‐mode variations, generated by slow or mirror mode instabilities, or produced from instabilities due to parameter gradients at the compressional boundaries or shocks.
Quantitative Evaluation of Soil Development in Some Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh

Alfisols developed on granite-gneiss in gently sloping and undulating uplands of Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh were studied for their pedological development using soil reconstruction technique and numerical indices based on morphological properties with respect to parent material. Loss of fine materials from the surface horizon and their deposition in the subsurface soils were evident from the reconstruction analysis reflecting the development of the soils. Higher redness rating index showed greater soil development and it ranged from 6.2 to 20.2 in different Bt horizons. Soils in the gently sloping uplands showed greater pedogenic development by virtue of their comparatively higher index values than the soils in the undulating uplands.
Gender Analysis of Family Traditions, Parent-Child Ties, and Happiness in Generation Z during Covid-19 Pandemic

Generation Z has faced various transformations in life due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This study analyzes family traditions, parent-child ties, and happiness in Generation Z during the Covid-19 pandemic based on gender. This study used a quantitative approach with a non-probability voluntary sampling method involving 42 men and 130 women of generation Z who are college students and domiciled in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent t-test, and PLS-SEM. The results showed that family traditions varied in the category; meanwhile, parent child-ties and happiness were moderate. There were no significant gender differences in family traditions and parent-child ties, but women reported significantly lower happiness than men during the pandemic. This is in line with the results of the PLS-SEM model, which showed that gender had a negative effect on the happiness of generation Z. PLS-SEM model showed that family traditions and parent-child ties had significant positive effects on happiness. These findings imply that in the middle of Covid-19 pandemic social restrictions, families must strengthen family traditions and optimize parent-child ties so that the happiness of generation Z can be maintained, both for men and women.
How Impactful Are Grit, I-Deals, and the Glass Ceiling on Subjective Career Success?

Due to the ever-changing organizational and societal conditions that make reliance on external definitions of success unworkable or undesirable, subjective career success has remained a critical topic in careers studies. Among the drivers of subjective career success, research has identified personality traits and job resources as essential sources. Grit, in the form of a personality trait, together with I-deals (job resource) and perceptions of employees’ glass ceiling can provide new insights regarding factors, which can heighten employees’ subjective career success. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to investigate the direct and indirect effect of grit on each dimension of subjective career success via I-deals and perceptions of the glass ceiling. Surveys from 221 female security forces from both private and public sector in Oyo state, Nigeria, were collected and the data was analyzed using the smartPLS. The results showed that grit is positively related to I-deals, glass ceiling and career satisfaction, but not to happiness, psychological wellbeing, and work engagement. I-deals mediated the relationship between grit and subjective career success’ dimensions, while the glass ceiling did not. This study was able to infer that personality trait (grit) has much to relate with how women perceive the existence of the glass ceiling in their organization.
Metabolic Effects of Violet Light on Spoilage Bacteria from Fresh-Cut Pakchoi during Postharvest Stage

Pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. Chinensis) is an important vegetable in Asia. Pseudomonas palleroniana is one of the specific spoilage organisms (SSOs) of fresh-cut pakchoi. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes to the endogenous metabolic spectrum of violet light (405 nm) with regard to food spoilage bacteria from fresh-cut pakchoi using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In this study, P. palleroniana samples were treated with violet light at 4 °C, and the maximum dose was 133.63 J/cm2. The results revealed that 153 metabolites and 83 pathways significantly changed compared to the control group, which indicated that light treatment may lead to ROS accumulation in cells, inducing oxidative stress and the excessive consumption of ATP. However, the increased content of aromatic amino acids and the decreased anabolism of some amino acids and nucleotides might be a form of self-protection by reducing energy consumption, thus contributing to the improvement of the tolerance of cells to illumination. These results provide new insights into the antibacterial mechanism of P. palleroniana with regard to metabolism.
Determination of Some Agricultural Characteristics in The Sunflower Geno-types Developed as Second Crop

Turkey is an insufficient country to itself by means of oil production and the country is importer clearly. For this reason, new sunflower genotypes should be developed by taking care of the existing conditions. Growing sunflower as second crop in Central Anatolian conditions is a potential to solve oil need problem. This research was conducted in the augmented experimental design in research field of Agricultural Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya-TURKEY during the both years of 2010 and 2011. In the research, 3 commercial hybrid varieties (control), 26 of pure lines (F 7 ) and 13 hybrid variety candidates were used as material. Results of the study implicated that the new developed pure lines and hybrid variety candidates (new genotypes) showed fallowing ranges: plant height 38.0-153.0 cm, head diameter 5.0-24.0 cm, stem diameter 0.78-3.01 cm, seed yield 352.0-3345.5 kg ha -1 , oil content 29.18-55.27% and oil yield 168.3-1195.6 kg ha -1 . According to statistical analysis, some of the new genotypes were better than commercial hybrids in terms of seed yield, oil content and oil yield.
Wage Inequality between Men and Women in Côte D’Ivoire: An Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition Method

The purpose of this study is to analyze the wage gap between men and women in Côte d’Ivoire. More specifically, it aims to assess the main aspects of gender inequality in the functioning of the labor market in Côte d’Ivoire. The factors underlying the wage gap between men and women are examined em-pirically using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method. The data used are from the 2016 National Survey on the Situation of Employment and the Informal Sector (ENSESI) among households. The results of the study show that, more 74.16% of the total wage gap remains unexplained by objective factors. In addition, wage inequality varies by socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, education), employment setting (urban or rural), and by sector and employment status. Finally, the total wage gap is predominantly explained by age, work experience, socio-professional category (senior manager) and form of remuneration.
Clinical Features and Corrected Factors with Neurosyphilis in HIV/Syphilis Co-Infected Patients Based on Stage of Syphilis

Abstract Objective: Neurosyphilis is challenging to diagnose, especially in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/syphilis co-infection. The aim of this study was to profile the clinical features of neurosyphilis and evaluate the correlation between neurosyphilis and clinical or laboratory factors among patients with HIV/syphilis co-infection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 479 HIV/syphilis co-infected patients examined between August 2009 and September 2018. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors correlated with neurosyphilis. Results: The overall prevalence of neurosyphilis was 21.7%. The prevalence of neurosyphilis differed among patients with primary (11.1%), secondary (20.1%), and latent syphilis (29.1%). The prevalences of neurosyphilis in patients with serological non-response and serofast patients were 26.1% and 6.3%, respectively, while 12.5% of patients with serological relapse had neurosyphilis. Patients with secondary and latent syphilis had serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers (per unit) of 1.44-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.93, P = 0.014] and 2.73-fold (95% CI: 1.49–5.00, P = 0.001), respectively, which increased the risk of confirmed neurosyphilis. Among patients with latent syphilis, a serum RPR titer of ≥1:32 and peripheral blood CD4 cell count of ≤350/mL were significantly associated with neurosyphilis, with adjusted odds ratios of 9.45 (95% CI: 1.86–48.03, P = 0.007) and 3.75 (95% CI: 1.11–12.66, P = 0.033), respectively. Conclusion: A serum RPR titer of ≥1:32 and a peripheral blood CD4 cell count of ≤350/mL have predictive value in screening for neurosyphilis among HIV-positive patients with latent syphilis.
Quasi-Static Testing of Posttensioned Nonemulative Column-Footing Connections for Bridge Piers

AbstractAccelerated bridge construction (ABC) is gaining popularity because it offers a number of advantages over conventional methods of construction. Prefabrication of bridge components for rapid on-site assembly is a highly effective ABC approach. Bridge substructures are traditionally cast in place with columns that form plastic hinges during earthquake events. Recent studies have explored new precast column-footing connections that either emulate the seismic performance of monolithic construction (emulative) or show improved seismic performance with the use of rocking connections (nonemulative). This paper presents findings from half-scale experimental testing of one emulative and two nonemulative precast column-footing connections. The two nonemulative connections were designed and detailed to sustain limited damage that can be rapidly and cost-effectively repaired using predefined methodologies. The tested connections showed promising results for use in regions of moderate to high seismicity; howev.
Higher aboveground carbon stocks in mixed-species planted forests than monocultures – a meta-analysis

Natural forest is declining globally as the area of planted forest increases. Planted forests are often monocultures, despite results suggesting that higher species richness improves ecosystem functioning and stability. To test if this is generally the case, we performed a meta-analysis of available results. We assessed aboveground carbon stocks in mixed-species planted forests vs (a) the average of constituent species monocultures, (b) the best constituent species monoculture, and (c) commercial species monocultures. We investigated whether any advantage of mixtures over monocultures was positively related to species richness, as well as potential mechanisms driving differences in carbon stocks between mixtures and monocultures. The meta-analysis dataset included 79 comparisons from 21 sites. Carbon stocks in mixed planted forests were higher than the average of stocks in monocultures of their constituent species, containing on average 70% more carbon. Mixed planted forests also out-performed commercial monocultures, containing on average 77% more carbon. There was c.25% more carbon in mixed planted forests relative to the best performing monocultures, although this difference was not statistically significant. Overyielding was highest in four-species mixtures (richness range 2-6 species). More data providing better coverage of richness and age gradients (study sites aged 3.5-28 years) is needed to increase confidence in these results. None of the potential mechanisms we examined (nitrogen-fixer present vs absent; native vs non-native/mixed origin; tree diversity experiment vs forestry plantation) consistently explained variation in the diversity effects. This suggests that our findings are driven by a combination of small (statistically insignificant) effects from these sources or further unidentified mechanisms or some combination of the two. We conclude that increasing tree species richness in planted forests can increase carbon stocks while bringing other potential benefits associated with diversification. However, implementation will depend on the balance of these benefits relative to the operational challenges and costs of diversification.
Enhancing the service quality of community pharmacies for non-prescription medicines based on the perspectives of pharmacists and patients: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Background Pharmacies in several countries are encountering a fierce competition from both local and international rivals, resulting in significant challenges in maintaining competitiveness and market share. Pharmacies are important locations for those seeking non-prescription medicines and are equipped to manage a wide variety of ailments. However, despite the large number of previous qualitative studies on the service quality of community pharmacies, very few studies have explored the service quality dimensions, specifically for non-prescription medications. In this study, we aimed to explore pharmacists’ and patients’ perception of potential pharmacy service quality for dispensing non-prescription medicines. Method Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit and select qualified pharmacists and patients in the major cities of Thailand. Multiple face-to-face and telephone interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed systematically using the interpretive method of content analysis. Results The participants reported several service attributes for dispensing of non-prescription medicines by community pharmacies. An analysis of the interviews revealed competence, communication, rapport, patient-centredness, and physical environment as the main themes related to service quality dimensions. Specifically, physical environment was categorized into two sub-themes, namely, hygiene and ambience. Conclusions Service quality dimensions of community pharmacies for non-prescription medications were supported by dyadic perspectives – pharmacist and patient perspectives. The findings of the study contribute to community pharmacy research by focusing on the potential dimensions of service quality, especially for non-prescription medicines.
Impairment of executive functions in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) affects individuals of all ages, causing physical and cognitive impairment, thus reducing their quality of life. The evaluation of the cognitive capacity of patients with GAD is an important tool when trying to understand the damages that this disorder brings to the individual. Therefore, the present study aimed to understand if there are losses or alterations in cognitive functions, mainly executive ones of these individuals. Twenty-one subjects, both men and women, underwent a 2-back test to assess working memory performance and a Stroop Task to assess inhibitory control, comprising a TAG Group (n = 11) and a Control Group (n = 10). The patients were selected from ambulatory care at a tertiary hospital in the Western São Paulo. The results showed important differences in the performance of patients with GAD, who exhibited equivalent reaction time (RT) performance in the 2-back test, but with a greater number of errors. At the Stroop task they are consistently slower than the Control Group, for the equivalent number of errors. Taken together, these data point to significant prejudice in GAD, even within a limited sample of subjects.
Study of Biogas for Power Generation at Pesantren Saung Balong Al-Barokah, Majalengka, West Java

Utilization of biogas from cow manure as a fuel alternative for power plants is done through an anaerobic process. A pilot plant with biogas production of 7 m 3 /day has been installed at Pesantren Saung Balong. Biogas is used for everyday purposes such as cooking and lighting, and used as pure biogas with 2.500 Watt scale generator. Biogas produced with the rate of 0.080 m 3 /hr. Biogas produced during the measurement (450 minutes) is 0.604 m 3 . With these data it is predicted that within a day (24 hours) biogas which can be generated is equal to 1.92 m 3 . Meanwhile, consumption of biogas to the generator with 1.047 W load is 0.019 m3/minutes, the generator will operate for approximately 101.05 minutes or 1.68 hours. Thus electricity that can be saved is 1.759 kWh per day or 52.77 kWh per month and electricity cost that can be saved that is equal to Rp.40. 896/month.