Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features, and pathological findings of spinal lymphoma in 27 cats

This multicentric retrospective study describes the clinical and MRI features and pathological studies of spinal lymphoma in 27 cats. MRI characteristics and their possible correlations with histopathological findings were studied. The most frequent neurological signs were rapidly progressive paraparesis (62.9%) or paraplegia (22.2%). Bimodal age distribution was found with 40.7% of cats aged ≤2.5 years (63.6% of them FeLV positive), and 44.4% of cats aged ≥8 years (16.7% of them FeLV positive). Spinal lymphoma was generally presented on MRI as an ill-defined epidural focal lesion with moderate to severe spinal cord compression, expanding more than one vertebral body. MRI lesions were typically localized in the lumbar vertebral segment (p = 0.01), circumferential to the spinal cord (p = 0.04), hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences (p = 4.3e-06), and isointense on T1-weighted sequences (p = 8.9e-07). The degree and pattern of contrast enhancement were variable. Other morphological patterns included paravertebral masses with extension into the vertebral canal and lesions centered in the spinal nerve roots. Involvement of vertebrae and adjacent spinal soft tissues was present in 74% of cases when present vertebral involvement was characterized by cortical sparing. When follow-up MRI studies (n = 4) were performed after treatment new lesions of similar nature but different localizations and extension were observed. Confirmation of spinal lymphoma was performed by CSF analysis in 4/27 (14.8%) of cases, by FNA in 6/27 (22.2%) of cases, by surgical biopsy in 10/27 (37%) of cases, by FNA and surgical biopsy in 1/27 (3.7%) of cases, by CSF, FNA, surgical biopsy and postmorten examination in 1/27 (3.7%) of cases, and postmorten studies in 5/27 (18.5%) of cases. Antemortem diagnosis was achieved in 22/27 (81.5%) cats. The presence of necrosis in histopathological studies as an unfavorable prognostic indicator of survival was significantly more probable when lesions were not hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences (p = 0.017). Spinal lymphoma in cats is a complex entity with heterogeneous imaging and histopathological appearance. However, certain MRI features may support a tentative diagnosis, which in a group of cases can be confirmed when combined with the CSF findings. For the rest of the cases, tissue sampling assisted by imaging findings remains necessary for definitive diagnosis.
The wrapping approach for circular data Bayesian modeling

Although circular data are special, they arise in many different contexts. Examples are found in earth sciences, meteorology, biology, physics, etc. Standard statistical techniques cannot be used to analyze circular data because of circular geometry of the sample space. There are different approaches to handle circular data. In the embedding approach the direction are treated as angles, while in the most popular intrinsic approach the direction are treated as unit complex number and modeled by von Mises distribution. An alternative, and more general class of distribution models can be obtained using the so called wrapping approach, in which the circular distributions are obtained wrapping the distributions on the real line onto the unit circle. In this thesis, after giving a general overview about circular data, we deeply analyze the wrapping approach showing the main drawback and advantages of this method. Focusing on wrapped Normal distribution, we provide an approximation for this circular distribution that turns out to be very useful to improve the inferential results. This approximation, in fact, is directly used into the Bayesian inference procedure allowing to overcome the main disadvantage, the identifiability problem, and to show the flexibility and ease of applicability of this approach in model with complex structure as measurement error model and high dimensional spatial and spatiotemporal model. The main contribution of this work is substantially of overcoming the identifiability problem with the consequently possibility to apply the standard in line inferential procedures and methods to circular data as well. In order to appreciate the flexibility and the ease of applicability and interpretability of the wrapping approach two original applications of measurement error model for circular data are presented: the first in a spatial context and the second in a dynamic spatiotemporal context. Some remarks and discussions about future developments conclude the thesis.
The critical role of gut microbiota in obesity

Obesity is a global epidemic characterized by energy disequilibrium, metabolic disorder, fat mass development, and chronic low-grade inflammation, which significantly affects the health state of individuals of all ages and strains the socioeconomic system. The prevalence of obesity is rising at alarming rates and its etiology involves complicated interplay of diet, genetic, and environmental factors. The gut microbiota, as an important constituent of environmental factors, has been confirmed to correlate with the onset and progression of obesity. However, the specific relationship between obesity and the gut microbiota, and its associated mechanisms, have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we have summarized that the microbial diversity was significantly decreased and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in obesity. The altered gut microbiota and associated metabolites contributed to the progression of the disease by disrupting energy homeostasis, promoting lipid synthesis and storage, modulating central appetite and feeding behavior, as well as triggering chronic inflammation, and that the intentional manipulation of gut microbiota held promise as novel therapies for obesity, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
Undeveloped and developed phases in the centennial evolution of a barrier-marsh-lagoon system: The case of Long Beach Island, New Jersey

Barrier islands and their associated backbarrier environments protect mainland population centers and infrastructure from storm impacts, support biodiversity, and provide long-term carbon storage, among other ecosystem services. Despite their socio-economic and ecological importance, the response of coupled barrier-marsh-lagoon environments to sea-level rise is poorly understood. Undeveloped barrier-marsh-lagoon systems typically respond to sea-level rise through the process of landward migration, driven by storm overwash and landward mainland marsh expansion. Such response, however, can be affected by human development and engineering activities such as lagoon dredging and shoreline stabilization. To better understand the difference in the response between developed and undeveloped barrier-marsh-lagoon environments to sea-level rise, we perform a local morphologic analysis that describes the evolution of Long Beach Island (LBI), New Jersey, over the last 182 years. We find that between 1840 and 1934 the LBI system experienced landward migration of all five boundaries, including 171 meters of shoreline retreat. Between the 1920s and 1950s, however, there was a significant shift in system behavior that coincided with the onset of groin construction, which was enhanced by beach nourishment and lagoon dredging practices. From 1934 to 2022 the LBI system experienced ~22 meters of shoreline progradation and a rapid decline in marsh platform extent. Additionally, we extend a morphodynamic model to describe the evolution of the system in terms of five geomorphic boundaries: the ocean shoreline and backbarrier-marsh interface, the seaward and landward lagoon-marsh boundaries, and the landward limit of the inland marsh. We couple this numerical modeling effort with the map analysis during the undeveloped phase of LBI evolution, between 1840 and 1934. Despite its simplicity, the modeling framework can describe the average cross-shore evolution of the barrier-marsh-lagoon system during this period without accounting for human landscape modifications, supporting the premise that natural processes were the key drivers of morphological change. Overall, these results suggest that anthropogenic effects have played a major role in the evolution of LBI over the past century by altering overwash fluxes and marsh-lagoon geometry; this is likely the case for other barrier-marsh-lagoon environments around the world.
Discovering the potential active ingredients of Qi-Yu-San-Long decoction for anti-oxidation, inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer based on the spectrum-effect relationship combined with chemometric methods

Qi-Yu-San-Long decoction (QYSLD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, consisting of ten types of herbal medicine which has significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the bioactive ingredients of QYSLD remain unclear, due to their “multi-ingredients” and “multi-targets” features. This study aimed to construct a spectrum-effect correlation analysis model and screen the potential active components of QYSLD. A fingerprint method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) was developed and validated to obtain seventy common peaks of ten batches of QYSLD. The results of methodological evaluation, including precision, repeatability and stability, were less than 8.19%. In terms of linearity, eleven common components did not reach the linear standard (R2 < 0.99), they were removed before spectrum-effect relationship analysis. After treated with ten batches of QYSLD, the results of DPPH and FRAP assays ranged from 1.59 to 5.50 mg mL−1 and 143.83–873.83 μmol L−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the cell viabilities of A549 cells treated with QYSLD samples ranged from 21.73% to 85.71%. The relative healing rates ranged from 21.50% to 44.46%. The number of migrated and invaded cells ranged from 12.00 to 68.67 and 7.67 to 27.00, respectively. Then, the potential active components of QYSLD were screened through spectrum-effect relationship constructed by grey correlation analysis (GRA), partial least squares regression (PLSR) and backpropagation neural network (BP-ANN). The results were as follow: 1) eight ingredients of QYSLD were relevant to DPPH free radical scavenging ability; 2) nine ingredients were relevant to FRAP; 3) six ingredients were relevant to inhibit the proliferation ability of A549 cells; 4) twenty-two ingredients were relevant to inhibit the horizontal migration ability; 5) five ingredients were relevant to inhibit the vertical migration ability; 6) twelve ingredients were relevant to inhibit the invasion ability. Confirmatory experiments showed that compared with the unscreened ingredients, the potential active ingredients screened by the spectrum-effect relationship had better antioxidant and anti-NSCLC effects. In general, this study found the potential active ingredients in QYSLD. Meanwhile, the established method provided a valuable reference model for the potential active ingredients of TCM. Graphical Abstract
The role of five big personality traits and entrepreneurial mindset on entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Saudi Arabia

The big five personality traits and entrepreneurial mindset (EM) are crucial individual-level elements that determine entrepreneurial intention (EI). This study examines the impact of big five personality traits and EM, on EI using the theory of planned behavior. Besides, this study examined the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and attitude toward entrepreneurship (ATE) influences EI. To achieve the research objectives, a quantitative approach was used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis were conducted using SmartPLS software. Data were collected from 270 respondents through online questionnaires. Findings of the study revealed that big five personality traits influence ESE and ATE which led to EI. Finally, the moderating role of entrepreneurial passion was also found to have strong effect on influence ESE and ATE. This study offers evidence and insights that academics, educators, and others involved in the creation or expansion of entrepreneurial knowledge can use as a reference point.
A multi-level study on whether ethical climate influences the affective well-being of millennial employees

Millennial employees are increasingly paying more attention to well-being in the workplace and it has become an important issue for managers. Given that millennial employees are more sensitive to ethical issues, this study began by analyzing an ethical element in the organization—the ethical climate—and explored whether millennial employees have higher affective well-being in organizations with a good ethical climate. We verified our hypotheses based on 288 valid questionnaires collected from 40 teams. The results showed that: (1) ethical climate was a positive predictor of millennial employees’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and affective well-being, (2) employees’ OCB partially mediated the relationship between ethical climate and affective well-being, and (3) an employee’s moral identity effectively moderated the relationship between ethical climate and affective well-being, although it did not play a significant moderating role between ethical climate and OCB. These findings provide empirical support for applying situational strength and social information processing theories and emphasize the importance of cultivating an ethical climate in organizations.
Impact of metabolic syndrome on the long-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy

Background & aims The long-term prognosis of patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) after radical hepatectomy remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of MS on long-term survival for patients with HBV-related HCC after hepatectomy. Methods Patients with HBV-HCC after hepatectomy were included. Patients were stratified into MS-HBV-HCC and HBV-HCC groups. Clinical features and surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups, and COX regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Result 389 patients (MS-HBV-HCC group: n=50, HBV-HCC group: n=339) were enrolled for further analysis. Baseline characteristics showed that patients with MS-HBV-HCC were associated with a high rate of elderly patients, ASA score, and co-morbid illness, but a lower rate of anatomy hepatectomy. There were no significant differences in perioperative complications. After excluding patients who relapsed or died within 90 days after surgery, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed MS was an independent risk factor of OS (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.05-2.70, P = 0.032) and RFS (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.24-2.57, P = 0.002). Conclusion MS is an independent risk factor for poor OS and RFS in HBV-infected HCC patients after radical hepatectomy. This suggests that we need to strengthen postoperative follow-up of the relevant population and encourage patients to develop a healthy lifestyle.
How and why non-balanced reciprocity differently influence employees’ compliance behavior: The mediating role of thriving and the moderating roles of perceived cognitive capabilities of artificial intelligence and conscientiousness

Previous studies have paid more attention to the impact of non-balanced reciprocity in the organization on employees’ behaviors and outcomes, and have expected that the reciprocity norm could improve employees’ compliance behavior. However, there are two distinct types of non-balanced reciprocity, and whether generalized reciprocity affects employees’ compliance behavior rather than negative reciprocity and its mechanisms has not been further explored so far. Building on the social exchange theory and cognitive appraisal theory, we established and examined a model in a scenario-based experiment across a two-stage survey of 316 participants. In this article, we propose that generalized reciprocity (relative to negative reciprocity) positively influences employees’ compliance behavior, and thriving at work mediates its relationship. Furthermore, we argue that the positive association between generalized reciprocity and thriving at work is moderated by the perceived cognitive capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI). This association is amplified for people high in the perceived cognitive capabilities of AI. We also propose that the positive association between thriving at work and compliance behavior is moderated by conscientiousness, such that the association is amplified for people high in conscientiousness. These findings have theoretical and practical implications.
Incidence and factors associated with cutaneous immune-related adverse events to immune check point inhibitors: An ambispective cohort study

Background Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the frontline treatment option for patients with various advanced cancers due to improved survival, they can be associated with a spectrum of cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs). However, little is known regarding the occurrence and patterns of cirAE-related ICI therapy in patients of different races other than white populations. Therefore, we investigated the incidence and associated factors of cirAEs among cancer patients in northern Thailand. Methods A referral-center-based ambispective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2017, to March 31, 2021. Based on a linked database and merged patient-level data, adult patients with pathologically confirmed cancer who were diagnosed and received ICI therapy regardless of cancer type and followed up through August 31, 2021, were included. All cirAE-related ICI therapy was based on clinical evaluation and ascertainment by a board-certified dermatologist. The incidence of cirAE-related ICI therapy with confidence intervals (CIs) across cancer- and ICI therapy-specific groups was estimated. Factors associated with cirAEs were evaluated using multivariable modified Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs. Results The study included 112 patients (67 men [59.8%]; mean age, 65.0 [range, 31.0-88.0] years), who were mainly diagnosed with lung cancer (56.3%), followed by liver cancer (19.6%). The overall incidence of cirAE-related ICI therapy was 32.1% (95% CI, 24.1-41.4); however, there was no substantial difference in sex, cancer type, or individual ICI therapy. The two identified prognostic risk factors of cirAE-related ICI therapy were age >75 years (adjusted RR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.09-4.15; P=0.027) and pre-existing chronic kidney disease stages 3-4 (adjusted RR, 3.52; 95% CI, 2.33-5.31; P<0.001). Conclusions The incidence of cirAE-related ICI therapy among Thai cancer patients was comparable to that in white populations. Early identification, particularly in elderly patients and those with CKD, should be implemented in clinical practice to help optimize therapeutic decision-making and patient health outcomes.
Network analysis of 18 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms suggests the importance of “Distracted” and “Fidget” as central symptoms: Invariance across age, gender, and subtype presentations

The network theory of mental disorders conceptualizes psychiatric symptoms as networks of symptoms that causally interact with each other. Our present study aimed to explore the symptomatic structure in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using network analyses. Symptom network based on 18 items of ADHD Rating Scale-IV was evaluated in 4,033 children and adolescents with ADHD. The importance of nodes was evaluated quantitatively by examining centrality indices, including Strength, Betweenness and Closeness, as well as Predictability and Expected Influence (EI). In addition, we compared the network structure across different subgroups, as characterized by ADHD subtypes, gender and age groups to evaluate its invariance. A three-factor-community structure was identified including inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive clusters. For the centrality indices, the nodes of “Distracted” and “Fidget” showed high closeness and betweenness, and represented a bridge linking the inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive domains. “Details” and “Fidget” were the most common endorsed symptoms in inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive domains respectively. On the contrary, the “Listen” item formed a peripheral node showing weak links with all other items within the inattentive cluster, and the “Loss” item as the least central node by all measures of centrality and with low predictability value. The network structure was relatively invariant across gender, age and ADHD subtypes/presentations. The 18 items of ADHD core symptoms appear not equivalent and interchangeable. “Distracted” and “Fidget” should be considered as central, or core, symptoms for further evaluation and intervention. The network-informed differentiation of these symptoms has the potentials to refine the phenotype and reduce heterogeneity.
Identification and analysis of novel endometriosis biomarkers via integrative bioinformatics

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease prevalent in women of reproductive age, and it is characterized by the ectopic presence and growth of the eutopic endometrium. The pathophysiology and diagnostic biomarkers of endometriosis have not yet been comprehensively determined. To discover molecular markers and pathways underlying the pathogenesis of endometriosis, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in three Gene Expression Omnibus microarray datasets (GSE11691, GSE23339, and GSE7305) and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. We also validated the identified genes via immunohistochemical analysis of tissues obtained from patients with endometriosis or healthy volunteers. A total of 118 DEGs (79 upregulated and 39 downregulated) were detected in each dataset with a lower (fold change) FC cutoff (log2|FC| > 1), and 17 DEGs (11 upregulated and six downregulated) with a higher FC cutoff (log2|FC| > 2). KEGG and GO functional analyses revealed enrichment of signaling pathways associated with inflammation, complement activation, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix in endometriotic tissues. Upregulation of seven genes (C7, CFH, FZD7, LY96, PDLIM3, PTGIS, and WISP2) out of 17 was validated via comparison with external gene sets, and protein expression of four genes (LY96, PDLIM3, PTGIS, and WISP2) was further analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Based on these results, we suggest that TLR4/NF-κB and Wnt/frizzled signaling pathways, as well as estrogen receptors, regulate the progression of endometriosis. These pathways may be therapeutic and diagnostic targets for endometriosis.