Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid isolation and quantification of extracellular vesicles from suspension‐adapted human embryonic kidney cells using capillary‐channeled polymer fiber spin‐down tips

Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs, 30–200‐nm diameter), serve as biomolecular snapshots of their cell of origin and vehicles for intercellular communication, playing roles in biological processes, including homeostasis maintenance and immune modulation. The large‐scale processing of exosomes for use as therapeutic vectors has been proposed, but these applications are limited by impure, low‐yield recoveries from cell culture milieu (CCM). Current isolation methods are also limited by tedious and laborious workflows, especially toward an isolation of EVs from CCM for therapeutic applications. Employed is a rapid (<10 min) EV isolation method on a capillary‐channeled polymer fiber spin‐down tip format. EVs are isolated from the CCM of suspension‐adapted human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), one of the candidate cell lines for commercial EV production. This batch solid‐phase extraction technique allows 1012 EVs to be obtained from only 100‐µl aliquots of milieu, processed using a benchtop centrifuge. The tip‐isolated EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, multi‐angle light scattering, absorbance quantification, an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to tetraspanin marker proteins, and a protein purity assay. It is believed that the demonstrated approach has immediate relevance in research and analytical laboratories, with opportunities for production‐level scale‐up projected.
Behavioural Predictors of Students’ Career Intentions in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Tanzania

This study assessed the career intentions of the hospitality and tourism students to identify their predictors, based on the theory of planned behaviour. Descriptive, correlation, and multiple regression analysis techniques were applied on survey data from a conveniently determined sample of 232 students enrolled in certificate and diploma programmes at the National College of Tourism in Tanzania. The results indicate that students’ career intentions were, on average, high and so were their attitudes toward a career in the industry, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Career intentions and attitudes towards the career were significantly higher for the hospitality programme and NTA 6 students. Attitudes (perceived behavioural control) were significantly higher (lower) for students in the travel and tourism programme than those of students in the tour guide operations programme. Students with personal exposure to the industry (also in NTA 6) showed higher subjective norms than those without exposure (NTA 5). Students’ career intentions were significantly positively predicted by their attitudes toward a career in the industry, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, even after controlling for the effects of skill level and programme type. Perceived behavioural control had the strongest predictive power. The study calls for a dynamic review of the curricula, resourcing the training institutions, and availability of well supported and monitored internship opportunities. The purpose of this study was to assess the behavioural predictors of the career intentions of hospitality and tourism students in Tanzania. The specific objectives were to (1) determine students’ level of career intentions to join a career in the hospitality and tourism industry after graduation; (2) to determine the behavioural predictors of career intentions; and (3) identify the differences of career intentions and predictors using personal exposure to the industry groups, gender, skill level and programme type. Hospitality and tourism students were found to have high intentions to join careers in the industry, attitudes toward careers in the industry, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control.
Identification of Residues That Confer (cid:1) -Conotoxin-PnIA Sensitivity on the (cid:1) 3 Subunit of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Neuronal nicotinic receptors composed of the (cid:1) 3 and (cid:2) 2 subunits are at least 1000-fold more sensitive to blockade by (cid:1) -conotoxin-PnIA than are (cid:1) 2 (cid:2) 2 receptors. A series of chimeric subunits, formed from portions of (cid:1) 2 and (cid:1) 3, were coexpressed with (cid:2) 2 in Xenopus oocytes and tested for toxin sensitivity. We found determinants of toxin sensitivity to be widely distributed in the extracellular domain of (cid:1) 3. Analysis of receptors formed by a series of mutant (cid:1) 3 subunits, in which residues that differ between (cid:1) 3 and (cid:1) 2 were changed from what occurs in (cid:1) 3 to what occurs in (cid:1) 2, allowed identification of three determinants of (cid:1) -conotoxin-PnIA sensitivity: proline 182, isoleucine 188, and glutamine 198. Comparison with determinants of (cid:1) -conotoxin-MII and (cid:3) -bungarotoxin sensitivity on the (cid:1) 3 subunit revealed overlapping, but distinct, arrays of determi- nants for each of these three toxins. When tested against an EC 50 concentration of
A Streptococci in Mice The Role of the MHC on Resistance to Group

The severity of infection with Streptococcus pyogenes is strongly inﬂuenced by the host’s genetics. This observation extends to the murine model of streptococcal infection, where the background of the mouse strain determines the infection outcome (BALB/c are resistant, whereas C3H/HeN are susceptible). To determine the extent to which the MHC complex ( H2 ) contributed to diseases susceptibility, the response to S. pyogenes of congenic BALB mice from a resistant background (BALB/c), but carrying the H2 k region of susceptible C3H/HeN mice (BALB/k), was examined. BALB/k were as susceptible as the H2 donor strain (C3H/HeN). Linkage analysis performed in F 2 backcross ([BALB/c (cid:1) C3H/HeN] (cid:1) BALB/c) mice conﬁrmed the presence of a susceptibility locus within the H2 region on proximal chromosome 17. The possibility that modulation of T cell responses to streptococcal superantigens (GAS-SAgs) by different H2 haplotypes may inﬂuence disease severity was examined. BALB/k exhibited a signif-icantly stronger response at the level of cell proliferation and cytokine production to GAS-SAgs than did BALB/c mice. However, the fact that T cell-deﬁcient SCID-C3H/HeN mice also exhibited a susceptible phenotype suggests a more important contribution of innate effector cells to disease susceptibility. Lower transcriptional levels of certain inﬂammation-related regulatory genes located on chromosome 17 were detected in macrophages from susceptible than in those from resistant mice in response to infection. These results suggest that susceptibility to S. pyogenes may be associated with an altered transcription of speciﬁc genes that may compromise the endogenous regulatory processes controlling array ( Tnf housekeeping rps9 equal of cDNA each reaction that PCR equally the The results by RT-PCR and Western blot conﬁrmed the gene array (not
rapid communication Exercise-induced translocation of Na 1 -K 1 pump subunits to the plasma membrane in human skeletal muscle

Exercise-induced translocation of Na 1 -K 1 pump subunits to the plasma membrane in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 278: R1107– R1110, 2000. —Six human subjects performed one-legged knee extensor exercise (90 6 4 W) until fatigue (exercise time 4.6 6 0.8 min). Needle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis muscle before and immediately after exercise. Production of giant sarcolemmal vesicles from the biopsy material was used as a membrane puriﬁcation procedure, and Na 1 -K 1 pump a and b -subunits were quantiﬁed by Western blotting. Exercise signiﬁcantly increased ( P , 0.05) the vesicular membrane content of the a 2 -, total a -, and b 1 -subunits by 70 6 29, 35 6 10, and 26 6 5%, respectively. The membrane content of a 1 was not changed by exercise, and the densities of subunits in muscle homogenates were unchanged. The ratio of vesicular to crude muscle homogenate content of the a 2 -, total a -, and b 1 -subunits was elevated during exercise by 67 6 33 ( P , 0.05), 23 6 6 ( P , 0.05), and 40 6 14% ( P 5 0.06), respectively. It is concluded that translocation of subunits is an important mechanism involved in the short time upregulation of the Na 1 -K 1 pumps in association with human muscle activity.
Dos’Santos, Thomas and Thomas, Christopher and McBurnie, Alistair and Donelon, Thomas and Herrington, Lee and Jones, Paul A (2021) The Cut- ting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS) Qualitative Screening Tool: Ap- plication to Mitigate Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk during Cutting

Side-step cutting is an action associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury with a plethora of negative economical, health, and psychological implications. Although ACL injury risk factors are multifactorial, biomechanical and neuromuscular deficits which contribute to “high-risk” and aberrant movement patterns are linked to ACL injury risk due to increasing knee joint loads and potential ACL loading. Importantly, biomechanical and neuromuscular deficits are modifiable; thus, being able to profile and classify athletes as potentially “high-risk” of injury is a crucial process in ACL injury mitigation. The Cutting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS) is a recently validated field-based qualitative screening tool to identify athletes that display high-risk postures associated with increased non-contact ACL injury risk during side-step cutting. This article provides practitioners with a comprehensive and detailed overview regarding the rationale and implementation of the CMAS. Additionally, this review provides guidance on CMAS methodological procedures, CMAS operational definitions, and training recommendations to assist in the development of more effective non-contact ACL injury risk mitigation programmes.
From Dark to Bright to Gray Sides of Memory: In Search of its Molecular Basis & Alzheimer’s Disease

Memory is one of the most fascinating functions of the brain. Without it, the human being condition would be lost. Therefore, alterations of memory are at the center of research. In this review, the most prominent memory case disorders are examined to identify basic differences and commonalities of the memory processes altered in the human brain. Then, relevant aspects of the molecular mechanism of memory between Aplysia , Drosophila , and mammals (mice) are highlighted in order to understand the biological aspect of memory in humans. The convergence of both topics provides a foundation for an integrative study of prevention and loss of memory in familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Therefore, we propose that highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM) and familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) are opposite extreme cases of “normal” memory and that their pathophysiology can be explained by changes in protein expression of the PKA / CREB-1 / CPEB axis. We also propose that A β directly intermingles with the CPEB. As a result of “yin-yang” prion-like protein interactions, A β is capable of interfering with the CPEB’s normal function. If validated, this hypothesis may help explain why anti-amyloid therapies have been negative or inconclusive so far. Therefore, therapies targeting intracellular A β oligomers are urgently needed. Molecular studies on HSAM individuals might be invaluable to discover molecules to increase memory skills in FAD. Acid receptor; C/EBP: CCAAT-box-enhanced Binding Protein; CaMKII: Ca 2+ /Calmodulin Protein Kinase II; CaMAC: Ca 2+ /calmodulin-activated Adenylyl Cyclase; Ca-i-PKC: Ca 2+ -independent PKC; CN: Calcineurin; CPEB: Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding Protein; DAR: Dopamine Receptor; PLC: Phospholipase C; PP1: Protein Phosphatase-1; PKA: Protein Kinase A; PKC: Protein Kinase C; NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor; UH: Ubiquitin Hydroxylase; 5-HT-R: serotonin receptor
Research Mode and Contribution in Interorganizational Information Systems Research

: We develop a model to analyze the body of knowledge of the information systems (IS) field where research accumulates through the interplay of different modes: discovery, prescriptive, and evaluation. The paper proposes five signature contributions: 1) descriptions of discovery and exploration, 2) elaborations of IS-based means and means-ends propositions, 3) discussions of IS-based designs, 4) explanations of the impacts and impact mechanisms of IS, and 5) discussions of organizational theories of IS-phenomena. We argue that each of these contributions plays an important role in the accumulation of the body of knowledge. In particular, we call for a balance in approaches producing these different contributions. Results from analyzing two samples of published interorganizational information systems (IOS) research in high-tier information systems journal outlets from 1982-2010 supports the applicability of the framework as a useful way to categorize the research stream. In line with prior suggestions, we also found an increased tendency towards explanatory organizational theories in that less work has focused on discovering new practices, developing means, and evaluating their uses. Recent interest in academically rigorous design science research offers a welcome addition to the body of IS research that could broaden its base and enrich its content and contributions.
INFLUENCE OF GRINDING ON THE PRESERVATION OF STARCH GRAINS FROM RICE*

China is a major centre for rice domestication, where starch grain analysis has been widely applied to archaeological grinding tools to gain information about plant use by ancient Chinese societies. However, few rice starch grains have been identified to date. To understand this apparent scarcity of starch grains from rice, dryand wet-grinding experiments with stone tools were carried out on four types of cereals: rice (Oryza sativa L.), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The results reveal that dry-grinding produces significant damage to starches to the point where they may be undetected in archaeological samples, while wet-grinding causes only slight morphological changes to the starch grains. Moreover, rice starch grains have the most substantial alterations from dry-grinding, possibly impeding their identification. These findings provide a possible means to explain the relative scarcity of rice starch grains recovered from archaeological grinding tools, which it is suggested was caused by the use of the dry-grinding technique. Therefore, it is suggested that rice starch grains have been likely underrepresented in the archaeological record, and previous interpretations of starch analyses need to be reconsidered.
Characterizing a Novel Mutation in MECP2 using an hiPSC Model of Rett Syndrome

Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in girls with mutations in the X-linked gene that encodes methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). Using neurons differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), I analyzed the MECP2 RNA levels, MECP2 protein levels, morphology, and extracellular electrophysiology of a novel L124W MECP2 mutation. My results show that L124W exhibits no change in RNA, protein, dendrite length, soma size, or electrophysiology but does show a subtle significant change in dendrite order and dendrite complexity. This is the first in vitro iPSC characterization of a mild RTT case. While developing a CRISPR/Cas9 protocol that will eventually genetically rescue the L124W mutation, I also generated the first iPSC knock-out lines for NEDD4L, a downstream target of MECP2. Overall, this work can be used to further elucidate MECP2 pathways and eventually identify treatments for RTT.
Preparation and Evaluation of CaO-based CO 2 Sorbents Deposited on Saffil Fibre Supports

Calcium oxide-based sorbents were coated onto Saffil ceramic fibres by means of a wet impregnation method. The effect of synthesis parameters on the crystalline structure, morphology and texture of the CaO layer were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and gas adsorption techniques. The analyses revealed that the optimised synthesis method produced a uniform coating composed of a network of CaO nanoflakes. The evaluation of the materials as CO 2 sorbents was performed under repeated carbonation-decarbonation cycles using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A nominal 25 wt. % loading of CaO gave a CO 2 uptake capacity of 0.118 mg CO 2 /mg of sorbent (carbonation at 650°C in 90% CO 2 and decarbonation at 850°C in N 2 ). A 5 wt. % loading exhibited improved durability with a ~30% decay in carrying capacity after 30 TGA cycles, but at the expense of initial uptake capacity.
PECAM-1 (CD31) Homophilic Interaction Up-Regulates (cid:2) 6 (cid:3) 1 on Transmigrated Neutrophils In Vivo and Plays a Functional Role in the Ability of (cid:2) 6 Integrins to Mediate Leukocyte Migration through the Perivascular Basement Membrane

Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1 has been implicated in leukocyte migration through the perivascular basement membrane (PBM) though the mechanisms involved are unclear. The present results demonstrate that the ability of (cid:2) 6 integrins to mediate neutrophil migration through the PBM is PECAM-1 dependent, a response associated with PECAM-1– mediated increased expression of (cid:2) 6 (cid:3) 1 on transmigrating neutrophils in vivo. An anti- (cid:2) 6 integrins mAb (GoH3) inhibited (78%, P (cid:4) 0.001) neutrophil migration through interleukin (IL)-1 (cid:3) –stimulated cremasteric venules, primarily at the level of the PBM, as analyzed by intravital and electron microscopy. In PECAM-1–deficient mice (KO), a reduced level of neutrophil transmigration elicited by IL-1 (cid:3) (4-h reaction) was observed in both the cremaster muscle (55% inhibition, P (cid:4) 0.05) and in the peritoneum (57% inhibition, P (cid:4) 0.01) but GoH3 had no additional inhibitory effect on these responses. FACS ® analysis of neutrophils demonstrated increased expression of (cid:2) 6 (cid:3) 1 on transmigrated peritoneal neutrophils, as compared with blood neutrophils, in wild-type but not KO mice even though neutrophils from both strains of mice exhibited comparable levels of intracellular expression of (cid:2) 6 as observed by immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, mice deficient in either leukocyte or endothelial cell PECAM-1, as developed by bone marrow transplantation, demonstrated a similar level of reduced neutrophil transmigration and expression of (cid:2) 6 (cid:3) 1 on transmigrated neutrophils as that detected in KO mice. The results demonstrate a role for PECAM-1 homophilic interaction in neutrophil transmigration and increased expression of (cid:2) 6 (cid:3) 1 on the cell surface of transmigrated neutrophils in vivo, a response that could contribute to the mechanism of PECAM-1–mediated neutrophil migration through the PBM. for using a cesium (IBL 637; Cis Bio International) 24 before bone marrow transfer. Bone marrow donors were killed by asphyxiation with CO 2 and bone marrow cells were harvested from both femora under sterile conditions. Each recipient was injected with 10 7 cells by intravenous tail vein injection and was allowed to generate bone marrow–derived cells for at least 8 wk before use. The blood leukocyte phenotype of recipi-ents was determined after 8 wk by indirect immunostaining and FACS ® analysis as detailed above. All results Statistical significance was assessed by means of Mann-Whitney U test or one way analysis of variance with Neuman-Keuls multiple com-parison test, as appropriate. P significant.
The Small Molecule GMX1778 Is a Potent Inhibitor of NAD (cid:1) Biosynthesis: Strategy for Enhanced Therapy in Nicotinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase 1-Deﬁcient Tumors (cid:1)

GMX1777 is a prodrug of the small molecule GMX1778, currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. We describe ﬁndings indicating that GMX1778 is a potent and speciﬁc inhibitor of the NAD (cid:1) biosynthesis enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Cancer cells have a very high rate of NAD (cid:1) turnover, which makes NAD (cid:1) modulation an attractive target for anticancer therapy. Selective inhibition by GMX1778 of NAMPT
Neural basis of prosopagnosia

: Brain imaging research has identiﬁed at least two regions in human extrastriate cortex respond-ing selectively to faces. One of these is located in the mid-fusiform gyrus (FFA), the other in the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). We studied activation of these areas using fMRI in three individuals with severely impaired face recognition (one pure developmental and two childhood prosopagnosics). None of the subjects showed the normal pattern of higher fMRI activity to faces than to objects in the FFA and IOG or elsewhere. Moreover, in two of the patients, faces and objects produced similar activations in the regions corresponding to where the FFA and IOG are found in normal subjects. Our study casts light on the important role of FFA and IOG in the network of areas involved in face recognition, and indicates limits of brain plasticity. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:176–182, 2002.
Effect of Gibberellin A3 on the Endoplasmic Reticulum and on the Formation of Glyoxysomes in the Endosperm of Germinating Castor Bean'

Seedlings of castor bean (Ricinus commnunis cv. Hale) were exposed to a range of concentrations of gibberellin A3 (GA3). Treatments for 20 hours with GA3 concentrations of 0.5 pM or higher resulted in increased levels of NADH-cytochrome c reductase, phosphorylcholine glyceride transferase, and malate synthase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) isolated from endosperm on linear sucrose gradients. GA3 treatment also resulted in increased RNA associated with ER. Malate synthase and catalase in crude homogenates were enhanced by 1 to 100 lAM GA3 concentrations. Isocitrate lyase, citrate synthase, malate synthase, catalase, and glycolate oxidase in isolated glyoxysomes were enhanced by 60, 20, 18, 40, and 28%, respectively, over controls. Treatment with abscisic acid led to decreased levels of glyoxysomal enzymes and reduced glyoxysomal protein. The effect of GA3 and abscisic acid on the specific activities of glyoxysomes of different densities suggests that GA3 influences enzyme levels and glyoxysome assembly.