Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New investigation of half-lives for the decay modes of 
V50

A new search for the decay modes of the 4-fold forbidden non-unique decay of $^{50}$V has been performed at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS). In total an exposure of 197 kg $\times$ d has been accumulated. The half-life for the electron capture into the first excited state of $^{50}$Ti has been measured with the highest precision to date as $2. 67_{-0.18}^{+0.16} \times 10^{17}$ yr (68% C.I.) in which systematics uncertainties dominate. The search for the $\beta$-decay into the first excited state of $^{50}$Cr resulted in a lower limit of ${1.9} \times 10^{19}$ yr (90% C.I.), which is an improvement of almost one order of magnitude compared to existing results. The sensitivity of the new measurement is now in the region of theoretical predictions.
THE STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF PLANET ORBITS

The final “giant-impact” phase of terrestrial planet formation is believed to begin with a large number of planetary “embryos” on nearly circular, coplanar orbits. Mutual gravitational interactions gradually excite their eccentricities until their orbits cross and they collide and merge; through this process the number of surviving bodies declines until the system contains a small number of planets on well-separated, stable orbits. In this paper we explore a simple statistical model for the orbit distribution of planets formed by this process, based on the sheared-sheet approximation and the ansatz that the planets explore uniformly all of the stable region of phase space. The model provides analytic predictions for the distribution of eccentricities and semimajor axis differences, correlations between orbital elements of nearby planets, and the complete N-planet distribution function, in terms of a single parameter, the “dynamical temperature,” that is determined by the planetary masses. The predicted properties are generally consistent with N-body simulations of the giant-impact phase and with the distribution of semimajor axis differences in the Kepler catalog of extrasolar planets. A similar model may apply to the orbits of giant planets if these orbits are determined mainly by dynamical evolution after the planets have formed and the gas disk has disappeared.
Cosmic ray isotope measurements with a new Cerenkov X total energy telescope

Measurements of the isotopic composition of cosmic nuclei with Z = 7-20 are reported. These measurements were made with a new version of a Cerenkov x total E telescope. Path length and uniformity corrections are made to all counters to a RMS level 1%. Since the Cerenkov counter is crucial to mass measurements using the C x E technique - special care was taken to optimize the resolution of the 2.4 cm thick Pilot 425 Cerenkov counter. This counter exhibited a beta = 1 muon equivalent LED resolution of 24%, corresponding to a total of 90 p.e. collected at the 1st dynodes of the photomultiplier tubes.
Critical Exponents in p‐Adic φ4‐Model

We consider φ4‐model with O(N)‐symmetry in d‐dimensional p‐adic space using the approach of renormalized projection Hamiltonians. Critical exponents ν and η are calculated up to three orders of perturbation theory using two types of expansions: (4 − d)‐expansion and (α − 3/2d)‐expansion, where α is a renormalization group parameter. Some resemblances and differences between the Euclidean and p‐adic models are discussed.
PYROLYSIS OF PLASTIC WASTE TO PRODUCE PYROLYTIC OIL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL

The increasing amount of plastic waste often creates chronic problems to the environment. Many efforts have been made to reduce, as well as to reuse, the plastic waste. This study investigated the use of pyrolysis of plastic waste to produce fuel oil. Plastic carrier bags, considered a low-density polyethylene (LDPE), were used as feed material. A commercial natural zeolite was used as a catalyst to enhance the oil conversion. Approximately one kilogram of plastic waste was loaded into the reactor chamber and pyrolyzed. The reactor unit was equipped with an electrical heater, a temperature controller, a condenser, and a flare system. The pyrolysis process was conducted in the temperature range of 300−450  C. The experiments were ended after an hour, the time recorded from the emergence of the flare flame. The oil product was collected from the bottom of the condenser, and its volume was measured. The physical properties of oil, such as specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, gross heating value, flash point, and water content, were evaluated and compared to those of other commercial fuels. The experimental results demonstrated that the optimum temperature for pyrolysis of plastic waste was 350  C. At this temperature, the oil yield obtained was 52.6% (vol/w). In addition, the physical properties analysis results showed that the oil product’s properties were relatively closer to those of kerosene than to those of other commercial fuels.
Congestion costs incurred on Indian Roads: A case study for New Delhi

We conduct a preliminary investigation into the levels of congestion in New Delhi, motivated by concerns due to rapidly growing vehicular congestion in Indian cities. First, we provide statistical evidence for the rising congestion levels on the roads of New Delhi from taxi GPS traces. Then, we estimate the economic costs of congestion in New Delhi. In particular, we estimate the marginal and the total costs of congestion. In calculating the marginal costs, we consider the following factors: (i) productivity loss, (ii) air pollution costs, and (iii) costs due to accidents. In calculating the total costs, in addition to the above factors, we also estimate the costs due to the wastage of fuel. We also project the associated costs due to productivity loss and air pollution till 2030. The projected traffic congestion costs for New Delhi comes around 14658 million US$/yr for the year 2030. The key takeaway from our current study is that costs due to productivity loss, particularly from buses, dominates the overall economic costs. Additionally, the expected increase in fuel wastage makes a strong case for intelligent traffic management systems.
Black hole obscuration and duty-cycles mediated by AGN feedback in high-redshift galaxies

Dense gas in the centre of galaxies feeds massive black holes, but can also become a source of obscuration and limit our ability to find faint Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). We use a high resolution cosmological radiative hydrodynamics simulation to connect the properties of the gas in the central region (a few tens of parsecs) of a high redshift galaxy to the growth of a massive black hole during the first billion years of the Universe. We find that the feedback from the AGN efficiently controls the growth of the black hole and limits the duration of the high accretion episodes by emptying the gas reservoir. As the galaxy grows in mass, the production of metals results in the presence of dust-enriched gas in the galaxy centre that can obscure highly accreting black holes enough to strongly reduce their UV/optical visibility. We also find that the gas outside the very centre of the galaxy can contribute to the total column density and obscuration at a level at least comparable to the gas in the nuclear region. We suggest that this explains the different duty cycles required to explain the masses of high redshift quasars and the observed UV/optical luminosity functions: in our case, the AGN would be observed with an X-ray luminosity above $L_X = 10^{42}$ erg/s around 30% of the time, but with UV magnitude brighter than $M_{1450}$ = -23 only 4% of the time.
Virgo Redux: The Masses and Stellar Content of Nuclei in Early-type Galaxies from Multiband Photometry and Spectroscopy

We present an analysis of 39 nuclei and their early-type hosts in the Virgo Cluster using 10 broadband filters: F300W, F475W, F850LP, F160W, u * griz , and Ks. We describe the Virgo Redux program, which provides high-resolution UV and NIR imaging. Combining this data with optical and NIR imaging from the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey and the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey, we estimate masses, metallicities, and ages using simple stellar population (SSP) models. For 19 nuclei, we compare to SSP parameters derived from Keck and Gemini spectra and find reasonable agreement between the photometric and spectroscopic metallicity: the rms scatter is 0.3 dex. We reproduce the nucleus–galaxy mass fraction of 0.33 − 0.07 + 0.09 % for galaxy stellar masses 10 8.4 – 10 10.3 M ⊙ with a typical precision of ∼35% for the nuclei masses. Based on available model predictions, there is no single preferred formation scenario for nuclei, suggesting that nuclei are formed stochastically through a mix of processes. Nuclei metallicities are statistically identical to those of their hosts, appearing 0.07 ± 0.3 dex more metal-rich on average; however, omitting galaxies with unusual origins, nuclei are 0.20 ± 0.28 dex more metal-rich. Nuclei appear to be 0.56 ± 0.12 dex more metal-rich than ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) at fixed mass. We find no clear age difference between nuclei and their galaxies, with nuclei displaying a broad range of ages. Interestingly, we find that the most massive nuclei may be flatter and more closely aligned with the semimajor axes of their hosts, suggesting that they formed through predominantly dissipative processes.
No Association Between Processing Speed and Risk of Sport-Related Concussion in Youth Soccer

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Objective: To determine whether slow processing speed is associated with risk of sport-related concussion. Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using computerized neurocognitive assessments (Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing [ImPACT]) from the Massachusetts Concussion Management Coalition. Slow processing speed was defined as 2 SD below the sample mean (n = 131) and fast processing speed as 2 SD above the sample mean (n = 259). We used a binary logistic regression model to determine the odds of sustaining a concussion with our main predictor being processing speed (high or low) adjusted for the effects of age, sex, and prior number of concussions. Setting: Massachusetts Concussion Management Coalition, Institutional care. Participants: Three hundred ninety junior high soccer players ages 10 to 15 with a baseline score for ImPACT. Independent Variables: Processing Speed. Main Outcome Measures: Risk of sustaining a concussion. Results: Those with slow processing speed had a visual motor composite score of ≤19.92, those with fast-processing speed had a score of ≥46.20. Athletes with slow processing speed were younger (13 vs 14 years; P < 0.001) and more likely to be male (57% vs 49%; P = 0.014). After adjusting for the effects of age, sex, and prior concussions, there was no significant difference in the odds of sustaining a concussion between groups (aOR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99-1.04). Conclusions: Despite previous research showing that slow processing speed is a risk factor for musculoskeletal injuries during sports, our study suggests that processing speed is not associated with the risk of sustaining a concussion among junior high school soccer players.
Characterizing Symptoms Before and Following Concussion in Professional Hockey

Objective: Examine SCAT5 baseline and acute symptom subscales in professional hockey players. Design: Longitudinal case–control. Setting: Preseason medical evaluations and suspected concussion evaluations. Participants: NHL/AHL players were given the NHL-modified SCAT5 before the 2018-2019 season (n = 1924). During the season, English-speaking players evaluated within 1 day of injury and diagnosed with concussion (n = 140) were compared with players evaluated for possible concussion, but not given a concussion diagnosis (n = 174). Independent Variables: Concussion diagnosis and demographic characteristics. Main Outcome Measures: Postconcussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS) items were subdivided into affective/emotional, cognitive, somatic/physical, sleep, and headache subscales. Results: Cognitive (13%), somatic/physical (10%), sleep (26%), affective (18%), and headache (6%) symptoms were reported by players at baseline. Concussed players reported more acute symptoms than active controls on each of the subscales (all P's < 0.001). Players who underwent a suspected concussion evaluation were more likely to be diagnosed with concussion if they reported affective/emotional symptoms at baseline (P < 0.001). Postinjury cognitive (P < 0.001), somatic/physical (P < 0.001), and headache (P < 0.001) symptoms best differentiated concussed players and active controls. Conclusions: Player reports of increased cognitive difficulties, somatic/physical difficulties, and headache were most associated with concussion diagnosis at the acute evaluation. An abbreviated “acute” PCSS that includes only headache, cognitive, and/or physical symptoms may be useful for diagnostic purposes when evaluation time is limited. Approximately 2% of players reported significantly elevated affective/emotional symptoms at baseline and report of affective/emotional symptoms at baseline was associated with an increased likelihood of concussion diagnosis among players referred for a suspected concussion evaluation.
Naphthoquinones in the Treatment of Cancer

Naphthoquinones are the naturally occurring pigments that possess important biological activities and are the subtype of quinones. These exhibit anticancer activity together with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimalarial, antischistosomal, antiviral, antitrypanosomal, leishmanicide, antifungal, anticancer and antiulcerative activities. The mechanism of action and pharmacological activities of the naphthoquinones mainly depend on their oxidation/reduction and acid/base properties and the activity can be modulated by directly adding a substituent group to the 1,4-naphthoquinone ring. Naphthoquinones, natural as well as synthetically prepared ones have gained a great deal of attention in the scientific community because of their pharmacological effects, including anticancer activity and possible therapeutic significance. Several molecules containing quinone ring exhibit antiproliferative effect against cancerous cells. The cytotoxic activity of naphthoquinones is associated with electron transporter inhibition, uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, generation of ROS, generation of protein adduct particularly with -SH enzyme groups.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC: Dusk or Dawn?

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 axis have signi ﬁ cantly shifted the treatment para-digm in advanced NSCLC, clinical bene ﬁ ts of these agents are limited in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Several predictive biomarkers (e.g., programmed cell death ligand-1 expression, tumor mutation burden), which have been validated in EGFR-wild type NSCLC, however, are not ef ﬁ cacious in EGFR-mutated tumors, suggesting the unique characteristics of tumor microenvironment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Here, we ﬁ rst summarized the clinical evidence on the ef ﬁ cacy of ICIs in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Then, the cancer immunogram features of EGFR-mutated NSCLC was depicted to visualize the state of cancer-immune system interactions, including tumor foreignness, tumor sensitivity to immune effectors, meta-bolism, general immune status, immune cell in ﬁ ltration, cytokines, and soluble molecules. We further discussed the potential subpopulations with EGFR mutations that could bene ﬁ t from ICI treatment. Lastly, we put forward future strategies to adequately maximize the ef ﬁ cacy of ICI treatment in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC in the up-coming era of combination immunotherapies. its suppressive function in multiple ways. IDO could generate tumor-speci ﬁ c Treg cells and maintain the immunosuppressive function of Treg cells. Furthermore, IDO expands, recruits, and activates MDSC in Treg-dependent manner. Overexpression of CD73 on tumor cell leads to higher adenosine production in EGFR-mutated TME. Adenosine produces broad immunosuppressive effect on multiple immune cells, including suppressing NK and CD8 þ T cell cytolytic activity, favoring M2 macrophage polarization, enhancing proliferation of MDSC, and promoting development of Treg from CD4 þ Tcells. AREG secreted by mast cells enhances the function of Treg cells by means of activating EGFR/GSK-3 b /Foxp3 axis. Bystander TILs that are characterized as CD39-CD8 þ TILs are enriched in EGFR-mutated tumors, and the underlying mechanisms for its abundance still undetermined. Exosome secreted by EGFR- mutated cells promotes T cell apoptosis and suppresses T-cell – mediated immunity by means of multiple cells, including NK cells, DCs, and CTLs. AMP, adenosine monophosphate; AREG, amiphiregulin; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; DC, dendritic cell; GSK-3 b , glycogen synthase kinase 3 b ; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL-6, interleukin 6; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; NK, natural killer; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; TIL, tumor-in ﬁ ltrating lymphocyte; TME, tumor microenvironment; Treg, regulatory T cell; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TIDAL FEATURES OF INTERACTING DISK GALAXIES: THREE-DIMENSIONAL SELF-CONSISTENT MODELS

Using self-consistent three-dimensional (3D) N-body simulations, we investigate the physical properties of nonaxisymmetric features in a disk galaxy created by a tidal interaction with its companion. The primary galaxy consists of a stellar disk, a bulge, and a live halo, corresponding to Milky-Way-type galaxies, while the companion is represented by a halo alone. We vary the companion mass and the pericenter distance to explore situations with differing tidal strength parameterized by either the relative tidal force P or the relative imparted momentum S. We find that the formation of a tidal tail in the outer parts requires P ≳ 0.05 ? > or S ≳ 0.07 ? > . A stronger interaction results in a stronger, less wound tail that forms earlier. Similarly, a stronger tidal forcing produces stronger, more loosely wound spiral arms in the inner parts. The arms are approximately logarithmic in shape, with both amplitude and pitch angle decaying with time. The derived pattern speed decreases with radius and is close to the &OHgr; − κ / 2 ? > curve at late time, with Ω and κ denoting the angular and epicycle frequencies, respectively. This suggests that the tidally induced spiral arms are most likely kinematic density waves weakly modified by self-gravity. Compared to the razor-thin counterparts, arms in the 3D models are weaker, have a smaller pitch angle, and wind and decay more rapidly. The 3D density structure of the arms is well described by the concentrated and sinusoidal models when the arms are in the nonlinear and linear regimes, respectively. We demonstrate that dynamical friction between interacting galaxies transfers the orbital angular momentum of one galaxy to the spin angular momentum of the companion halo.
Micro Enterprise Development and Income Sustainability for Poverty Reduction: A Literature Investigation

The academician and policy makers already declared that micro enterprise have significant positive role for reducing poverty specifically emergent economic nations. The micro entrepreneurs face lots of obstacles considering personal qualifications, start-up the business and most importantly survival and growth issues. Therefore, this study contemplates micro enterprise development, income up-liftmen and its impact on poverty alleviation. It also concentrates on personal entrepreneurial competencies, venture initiation and success with survival and growth competencies. The authors proclaimed that the three competency of a micro entrepreneur have significant positive effects on alleviating poverty. It needed to applied different dimension of statistical analytical tools for presenting descriptive as well as inferential results. Moreover, this study has manifold contributions considering micro enterprise developments, poverty alleviation and most importantly policy level discussions.
THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS OF FRUIT EXTRACTS OF OXALIDACEAE FAMILY

The Oxalidaceae family consists of more than 200 species and is widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical countries and the genus Averrhoa has two species, Averrhoacarambola and Averrhoabilimbi . The study was conducted to determine the phytochemical screening and total antioxidant activity of A.carambola and A.bilimbi of Oxalidaceae family.
Corporate Reputation and Real Activities Management, Evidence from an Emerging Economy

This study examines whether reputable firms in a developing country behave differently from other firms when manipulating real activities to achieve self-interested goals. We use three different proxies for real earnings management activities: (1) abnormal discretionary expenses (2) abnormal levels of operating cash flows; (3) abnormal production costs. We proposed a scale which is formed by different scales proposed by previous researches for measuring corporate reputation. We find that reputable firms in a developing country are less likely to manipulate real activities. The results are consistent with the premise that the desire to protect reputation encourages firms and their managers to constrain socially unacceptable activities. We examine whether reputable firms behave appropriately to constrain real earnings management to deliver more transparent and reliable financial information to investors. We use three different proxies for real earnings management activities: (1) abnormal discretionary expenses (2) abnormal levels of operating cash flows; (3) abnormal production costs. Prior research on corporate reputation provides a theoretical background for measuring corporate reputation (Fombrun and Shanley 1990; Aaker 1997; Davies and Chun 2002; Cravens, Oliver, and Ramamoorti 2003). Consistent with the common view in the literature, in this study, corporate reputation is considered as an intangible asset, shaped by the perceptions of all internal and external stakeholders about the corporation, which can affect corporate value. In this study we measured corporate identity and corporate image, which are the main components of corporate reputation. Corporate identity is measured as the perceptions of internal stakeholders, including the criteria of employee rights, management structure and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. Corporate image is measured as the perceptions of external stakeholders, including the criteria of consumers, suppliers, product quality, environment and society (CSR projects and investments). We measured corporate reputation as a function of corporate identity and image, corporate identity as the perceptions of internal stakeholders, including the criteria of employee rights, management structure and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies, and corporate image as the perceptions of external stakeholders, including the criteria of consumers, suppliers, product quality, environment and society (CSR projects and investments). Our findings confirmed our first hypothesis that reputable firms are less likely to engage in real activities manipulation. That is, the desire to protect reputation constrains the real activities manipulation behaviors of managers linked to the pursuit of manager’s self-interest.