Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation between inoculum volume, positivity rates and microorganisms isolated from blood cultures

The study aimed to assess the volume of blood inoculum in each culture bottle and its effect on the rate and time to positivity, types of microorganisms isolated and contamination rate. During a period of six months, two sets of blood cultures (aerobic and anaerobic: 3006 bottles each) were collected. Of the bottles collected, only 2916 aerobic and 2898 anaerobic culture bottles were analysed by categorising the samples into three different blood volume groups: < 8 ml, 8-10 ml and >10 ml, where ≥8 ml is considered an adequate volume. In the aerobic bottles, there was no significant difference in the rate of positivity among the three groups: 8-10 ml and < 8 ml (p = 0.226) or > 10 ml (p = 0.282). However, there was a significant decrease in positivity in the anaerobic bottles when comparing the > 10 ml blood group with the < 8 ml group (p = 0.032). The contamination rate was lower in the > 10 ml volume category in aerobic blood cultures (p = 0.008) and the isolation rate of Gram-negative bacilli was higher in this category compared with the other two categories (p = 0.05). Our study shows that the volume of blood cultured was a variable that influences the positivity rate and contamination rate of a blood culture sample.
Phylogeny of a new supertribe Cephenniitae with generic review of Eutheiini and description of a new tribe Marcepaniini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

Genera of Eutheiini are reviewed and Eutheimorphus is removed from this tribe of ant‐like stone beetles (Scydmaeninae) and transferred to Cephenniini. A monogeneric Marcepaniini trib.n. is described to accommodate Marcepania gen.n. from Malaysia, with five species: M. semengohensis sp.n. (the type species of Marcepania), M. tuberculata sp.n. , M. seramaensis sp.n. , M. minutissima sp.n. and M. elongata sp.n. A phylogenetic analysis of all genera of Cephenniini, Eutheiini and Marcepaniini based on adult morphological characters resulted in recovering a well‐supported monophyletic clade Eutheiini + (Marcepaniini + Cephenniini) and these tribes are included in Cephenniitae stat.n. (Eutheiini and Cephenniini are therefore removed from Scydmaenitae). Only a weak support for monophyly of Eutheiini was found, but morphological characters allow for maintaining this presumably relic group as a separate tribe. Previously proposed monophyletic groups within Cephenniini were recovered as such, but after inclusion of Eutheimorphus, a sister taxon to the ‘Cephennomicrus group’, the latter lineage gained weak statistical support. The evolutionary history of Cephenniitae is discussed, with focus on known northern hemisphere fossils classified in Scydmaenitae and Hapsomelitae, but possibly closely allied to Cephenniitae. Establishing the supertribe Cephenniitae is the first step toward a profound reclassification of Scydmaeninae on a robust phylogenetic basis.
Effect of Drying Methods on Extraction of Lycopene in Tomato Skin with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.

トマト果皮からのリコピンの効率的な抽出を目的とした超臨界二酸化炭素による抽出条件,原料処理方法を検討した. リコピンの抽出条件を抽出圧力270kg/cm2,抽出温度40℃に設定した. この条件下において,原料の乾燥方法とリコピンの抽出率との関係を調査した結果,抽出率が最も高かったのはエタノール脱水であり,リコピンの抽出率は約90%であった.
Species Replacement in the Bryophyte Layer in Mires: The Role of Water Type, Nutrient Supply and Interspecific Interactions

1 Four bryophyte species, Scorpidium scorpioides (characteristic of mineral-rich, nutrient-poor fens), Sphagnum subnitens (mineral-poor, nutrient-poor), Calliergonella cuspidata (mineral-rich, nutrient-rich) and Sphagnum squarrosum (mineral-poor, nutrient-rich), were cultivated to study whether their mutual replacement was regulated by abiotic conditions or whether interspecific interactions played a major role. 2 Water type may contribute to the replacement of some rich-fen species by Sphagnum spp. Growth of Calliergonella cuspidata was best in (mineral-rich) groundwater and reduced in (mineral-poor) rain water, whereas growth of Sphagnum subnitens was much better in rain water than in groundwater. Scorpidium scorpioides and Sphagnum squarrosum, however, performed well in both water types. 3 Nutrient enrichment may also explain species replacements to some extent. As expected, Sphagnum squarrosum was clearly stimulated by nutrient supply, while S. subnitens did not respond. However, S. scorpioides showed increased rather than decreased growth rates and C. cuspidata was not affected by nutrient supply. 4 Interspecific interactions played a role in all replacement series. Generally, mixed culture stimulated growth of the species whose natural environment was simulated and/or reduced growth of the other species, suggesting that competitive interactions are involved. However, interactions between S. scorpioides and S. subnitens appear to counteract the observed succession. 5 The different species responses may lead to different rates of succession in nutrientpoor ('slow succession') and nutrient-rich fens ('rapid succession').
Systematics of Anoura cultrata, A. brevirostrum, and A. werckleae

We assessed intrapopulation and geographic variation in the glossophagine bats Anoura cultrata, A. brevirostrum , and A. werckleae (Phyllostomidae) from univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of mensural data and from studies of qualitative cranial and dental characters. Intrapopulational variation was analyzed in a sample from westcentral Colombia; sexual dimorphism was significant and qualitative characters varied considerably. Analysis of geographic variation revealed clinal variation in size, the smallest individuals occurring in Peru and the largest in Costa Rica and Panama. Moreover, variation in qualitative characters that distinguish A. cultrata, A. brevirostrum , and A. werckleae is great, and we conclude that these taxa are conspecific and should be regarded as a single species, A. cultrata .
PERFORMANCE OF TREATING A REAL KRAFT PULP AND PAPER MILL WASTEWATER BY PHOTOCATALYTIC USING CU-TIO2 FOILS/SUNLIGHT

Wastewater from pulp and paper processing industries pose varieties of problems to the receiving environment if not treated to the required discharge guidelines (Chandra et al., 2018; Kamali et al., 2019; Zainith et al., 2019). Processing of wood into pulp and its conversion into paper consumes huge amounts of fresh water, subsequently releasing enormous amounts of wastewater into the environment. The wastewater contains toxic and very complex recalcitrant organic and inorganic pollutants (Singh and Chandra, 2019). The industry has long been recognized as a significant point source of toxic contaminants of aquatic ecosystems (Hossain and Ismail, 2015). Compounds of varying toxicological significance have been identified in the pulp and paper effluents (Mehta, 2014). The wastewater contains toxins such as furans, terpenes, resin acid, chlorinated lignosulphonic acids, chlorinated resin acids, chlorinated phenols and chlorinated hydrocarbon (Barapatre and Jha, 2016). The treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater for the removal of pollutants and toxins has been extensively investigated. Methods for the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater include the use of activated carbon, membrane adsorption, cationic coagulation, polymer addition, ultrafiltration, biological and chemical oxidation, electrochemical and electrocoagulation (Hossain and Ismail., 2015; Sáez et al., 2013; Zainith et al., 2019). However, most of these effluent treatment methods do not easily and fully meet the required standards for discharge of effluent into the environment. More often, biological effluent treatment methods, such as aerated lagoons and activated sludge systems rarely cause any significant reduction in chlorinated phenyls and related compounds. Instead, these systems aggravate the problem by oxidizing lignin derivatives to more toxic forms. Moreover, most of these treatment systems are non-destructive because they transfer non-biodegradable matter into sludge (Kamali et al., 2019). Consequently, undegraded sludge gives rise to other forms of pollution that ABSTRACT
An analysis of embryo development in palm: interactions between dry matter accumulation and water relations in Pritchardia remota (Arecaceae)

Abstract Assessments of seed storage physiology among Arecaceae (palm) species are often inconclusive because seeds exhibit diverse responses to low temperature and moisture conditions. Interrelationships between dry matter accumulation, cell structure and water relations during seed development of the endangered Hawaiian endemic palm, Pritchardia remota, suggest that damage from drying results from mechanical strain. Endosperm and fruits accumulate dry mass through most of the 400 d gestation period, but embryos reached maximum dry mass about 250 d post-anthesis (DPA). Mostly sucrose and some triacylglycerols accumulated in the cytoplasm and vacuoles of embryo cells, and organelles in mature embryo cells de-differentiated. Water content and water potential decreased as embryos matured and embryos contained about 0.45 g H2O (g dry mass)− 1 ( − 26 MPa) at shedding. Mature embryos survived drying to 0.16 g g− 1 ( − 49 MPa), but further drying was lethal. A model of allowable cell shrinkage is consistent with the substantial, but incomplete, desiccation tolerance acquired in P. remota embryos, and provides a new framework to explain variation in critical water contents as embryos develop. We suggest that desiccation tolerance, which distinguishes recalcitrant and orthodox physiologies among seeds, can be quantified by mechanical strain when embryo cells shrink during drying.
Author's reply

© 2004 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 212 CHD or with established disease’. The existing evidence does not offer such clarity and, in fact, many would argue it supports the opposite. It is reassuring to know that the lay public instinctively do the right thing more often than not — a recent study found that HRT use has fallen from 2.5 million in 2002 to 1.35 million in 2004 in the UK.Whilst it may be reasonable for women who are informed about the risks of HRT to make a considered decision to take HRT for menopausal symptom relief or other reasons, it would be wrong to underplay or,worse, deny the risks. If we did,we, as professionals,would not have served our patients well.
Seroprevalence and outcome of hepatitis C in liver transplantation

A recombinant enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) followed by a neutralization test (NT) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) were used for the detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) in 71 patients receiving 84 orthotopic liver grafts between 1984 and 1990. Before the liver transplantation (LTX) anti‐HCV was present in six of the 71 recipients (8.5%) who were accepted for LTX because of acute or chronic liver failure. After LTX anti‐HCV could not be detected in one of the patients, but it was continuously present in the others for more than 12 months. Detectable HCV antibodies were not present in the three patients who underwent LTX because of clinical evidence of fulminant NANB hepatitis. Two of 48 (4.2%) previously HCV seronegative recipients, who survived more than 3 months, seroconverted 9 and 16 months, respectively, after transplantation. The postoperative seroconversion was probably due to the transfer of virus via perioperative blood transfusions. Thus, these liver recipients may be able to respond by producing anti‐HCV despite immuno‐suppressive therapy. None of the seven post‐transplant HCV‐seropositive patients developed symptoms such as icterus or fatigue, which would suggest the presence of liver insufficiency due to HCV infection. However, two of them had increased transaminase levels and histological signs of mild hepatitis. No significant difference was found in 1‐year survival, prothrombin complex, albumin levels or the risk for retransplantation in post‐transplant anti‐HCV‐seropositive patients, compared with those without detectable HCV antibodies (71% vs 69%, respectively). Thus, during the study period of 1–5 years, the clinical course of HCV infection was milder than that reported for hepatitis B infection in liver recipients.
Briefly Noted

In an 85-patient study, elevated serumlevelsofpentosidine (amarker of advanced glycation end product [AGE] accumulation) were strongly associatedwith lowlevels (<125pg/ ml) of parathyroidhormone (PTH), a marker for adynamic bone disease (2). In patients in the highest tertile of pentosidine levels (>31.4 pmol/ mg protein), PTH levels were about one-sixth those in patients in the lowest pentosidine tertile (less than 21.6). A multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed this association; a low PTH was four times more likely in the highest compared with the lowest pentosidine groups.
Photoperiodic Induction of Diapause in the Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis

It was determined that diapause in adult Anthonomus grandis Boheman, could be induced by exposing eggs to 11-hr daily periods of white light and by holding subsequent stages in darkness. Adults responded to different photoperiods only if the immature stages were held in darkness. Infrared irradiation had no effect on diapause. Preliminary studies were made of the action spectrum for induction of diapause. Effects of brief interruptions in the periods of light and darkness on diapause were also determined.
Interaction Strategies of Master Teachers in Indonesian Vocational Classroom: A Case Study

Teachers are the foundation of a good education system and they are catalytic to nation building. In recognition of this, the Indonesian government had, in 2012, introduced a master teacher scheme under its teacher development initiatives to help identify the role model for the teaching profession. Under the initiative, teachers were selected as master teachers based on their performance in class and the learning experience they provided to their students. This study is an attempt to provide an in-depth understanding of interaction strategies, focusing on interaction management and elicitation techniques, employed by vocational English master teachers and the effects on the students. By employing conversation analysis (CA), two master teachers were selected, observed, and video recorded during formal teaching hours. Interviews were also conducted with the students to triangulate the data. The data went through a-four step analysis. The results showed that, in terms of interaction management, the teachers shared common strategies namely topic selection, topic shift, and turn taking—allocation of turn and nomination of turn taker. In addition, body language or paralinguistic featured in their communication together with code switching in English and Bahasa Indonesia. In terms of elicitation techniques, the teachers nominated individual students and asked the entire class to answer a series of open-referential and close-display questions. Besides, they posed questions repeatedly, approached students when asking questions, and posed follow up questions. The student’s reception towards the strategies was positive as they were keen to actively participate when they were given questions and opportunity to speak. The implications of this study suggest that teachers should implement such interaction management and elicitation techniques to enhance students’ participation and create learning opportunities. Keywords: master teachers; interaction strategies; interaction management; elicitation techniques; Indonesian vocational classrooms
Brood-manipulation experiments. II: A cost of reproduction in blue tits (Parus caeruleus)?

1. Potential reproductive costs in blue tit (Parus caeruleus) parents were assessed by experimentally manipulating brood-size and measuring survival and fecundity costs between years. 2. Using logistic models, female survival was found to be independent of both clutch-size and manipulation, as well as brood-size. This was true when data from all 3 years were combined, and for each year separately. 3. Male survival was independent of clutch-size when data from all 3 years were combined, but declined significantly with increasing manipulation. Adding brood-size to a model of male survival only weakly (P < 0.1) explained the data
ISSR analysis on genetic diversity of germplasms resources in Dendrobium SW. from different habitats

Objective To analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 24 plant samples in Dendrobium SW. from different habitats.Methods The molecular marker technique of inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means(UPGMA) were used to study the genetic diversity and cluster analysis of 24 samples.Results Six primers with stable and clear diversity were sieved from 100 ISSR primers.DNA fragments(847) were amplified from 24 samples,and 141 DNA fragments were amplified from each primer in average,with 100% of polymorphic bands.Conclusion The 24 samples in plants of Dendrobium SW. from different habitats are divided into six groups and the genetic diversity is very abundant.
Dynamics of Organisational Capability of Japanese Construction Firm towards Open and Service Innovation through PPP/PFI arrangement

This study examined the influence of Public–Private Partnership (PPP) — or, more specifically, Private Finance Initiative (PFI) — arrangements in relation to open and service innovation in construction firms in Japan. The expectation of the PPP/PFI procurement arrangement is that Japanese construction firms will provide a broader range of services (service innovation) through expanded cooperation with various other firms (open innovation) compared to the conventional procurement scheme. Our in-depth case study of a Japanese construction company shows the dynamics of project-based firms' capability accumulation through a PPP/PFI arrangement. The study identified a model of capability development for construction firms towards service and open innovation. It consists of three organisational capabilities: technological capabilities, project capabilities and collaborative capabilities. The model can be seen as an ideal approach for understanding and comparing cases of long-term capability accumulation of project-based firms, especially regarding providing services that meet the public's needs. Keywords: Public–Private Partnership (PPP); Private Finance Initiative (PFI); Project Capability, Open innovation; Service innovation; Construction firm
DNA methylation as a biomarker for age-related cognitive impairment

Due to the ageing population, the number of patients diagnosed with age-related diseases such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease are on the rise. In both post-stroke dementia (PSD) and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI), the mechanisms resulting in cognitive decline are unknown. This project aims to identify a biomarker which could predict those patients most at risk of developing cognitive decline, which would subsequently assist healthcare professionals in recommending early treatment and care. Epigenetics is an emerging field in which biomarkers have previously been useful in prognostication of cancers and prediction of cardiovascular disease. In this study, 30 patients from a PSD cohort (COGFAST) and 48 patients from a PD-MCI cohort (ICICLE) were analysed using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip to identify differentially methylated positions which could predict patients who would later develop cognitive decline. Top hits were validated using Pyrosequencing to confirm DNA methylation differences in a replication cohort. Individual CpG sites within APOB and NGF were identified as potential blood-based biomarkers for PSD and one CpG site within CHCHD5 was highlighted as a potential blood-based biomarker for PD-MCI. In addition, methylation at one CpG site within NGF and a CpG site (cg18837178) within a non-coding RNA, were found to be associated with Braak staging (degree of brain pathology) using DNA from two brain regions. NGF deregulation has previously been associated with Alzheimer’s disease, and this finding indicates it may also have a role in the development of PSD. These novel findings represent the first steps towards the identification of blood-based biomarkers to assist with diagnosis of PSD and PD-MCI, but require further validation in a larger independent cohort. The differentially methylated genes identified may also give insight into some of the mechanisms involved in these complex diseases, potentially leading to the future development of targeted preventative treatments.
Infrared Color Separation between Thin-shelled Oxygen-rich and Carbon-rich AGB Stars

We present 43 GHz VLA spectra for 51 AGB sources with the goal of verifying an infrared (IR) color cut intended to separate carbon-rich (C) and oxygen-rich (O) AGB sources throughout the Galaxy. The color cut is a simple line in the [Ks] − [A] versus [A] − [E] color–color diagram based on 2MASS and MSX photometry, and was originally derived from SiO detection rates in the Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution (BAaDE) sample. The division is fully supported by the spectra presented here, which show that SiO maser detections lie on the O-rich side, and SiO nondetections and a single HC3N detection are found on the C-rich side of the division. We further compare the color cut with classifications of the sources based on Low-Resolution Spectra from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, and find good agreement, verifying that the division is a reliable and efficient method for differentiating O- and C-rich AGB sources. These observations also demonstrate that single lines detected in the BAaDE survey around 42.9 GHz are almost certainly the 29SiO v = 0 line. SiO maser sources where this rare isotopologue transition is brighter than the dominant 28SiO lines have not been reported before, and our observations show that these sources can reverse their behavior such that the typical ratios of 28SiO and 29SiO are restored within a few years.
Identifying and Impacting “ Gazelles ” : Evidence from Business Accelerators 1 February 2019

High-growth young firms disproportionately contribute to growth but identifying “gazelles” remains challenging. Can business accelerators identify and impact high-growth firms? Our context is an accelerator that selects participants based on scores from randomly assigned judges, and provides them with entrepreneurship schooling, but no cash. We show that judges can identify gazelles, but that correcting for heterogeneity in judges’ scoring generosity would have improved selection. Exploiting exogenous differences in judges’ scoring generosity, we show that schooling causally impacts growth, particularly for high-growth applicants. The results are most relevant for accelerators that attract ventures with traction and suggest that entrepreneurial capital matters.
Antihistamine activity of steam-exploded oak extract containing phenolic compounds

The aim of this study was to investigate the antihistamine activity of steam-exploded oak (Quercus variabilis) extract containing phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity increased with residence time of the steam explosion process. The 50% EtOH extract had total phenolic compound content of 82.2 % and 46.2 mg GAE/g extract and vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin were identified. Treatment with 50% EtOH extract decreased the diameters of histamine-induced wheal and erythema responses in human volunteers. In patients with atopic dermatitis, topical administration of 50% EtOH extract led to significant diseases and improvement in terms of sleep disturbance, pruritus, xerosis, desire to scratch, and erythema. This study suggested that steam-exploded oak is rich in phenolic compounds with high antioxidant and antihistamine activities, and the extract may be a promising source of new antihistamine agents and pharmaceuticals.