Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Genomes from New Zealand’s Extinct Adzebills (Aves: Aptornithidae: Aptornis) Support a Sister-Taxon Relationship with the Afro-Madagascan Sarothruridae

The recently extinct New Zealand adzebills (Aptornithidae, Aptornis spp.) were an enigmatic group of large flightless birds that have long eluded precise taxonomic assignment as they do not closely resemble any extant birds. Adzebills were nearly wingless, weighed approximately 16–19 kg, and possessed massive adze-like reinforced bills whose function remains unknown. Using hybridisation enrichment and high-throughput sequencing of DNA extracted from subfossil bone and eggshell, near-complete mitochondrial genomes were successfully assembled from the two Quaternary adzebill species: the North Island Adzebill (Aptornis otidiformis) and South Island Adzebill (A. defossor). Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm that adzebills are members of the Ralloidea (rails and allies) and are sister-taxon to the Sarothruridae, which our results suggest comprises the Madagascan wood rails (Mentocrex, two likely sp.) in addition to the tiny (<50 gram) rail-like Afro-Madagascan flufftails (Sarothrura, 9 spp.). Node age estimates indicate that the split between adzebills and Sarothruridae occurred ~39.6 Ma, suggesting that the ancestors of the adzebills arrived in New Zealand by long-distance dispersal rather than continental vicariance. This newly identified biogeographic link between physically distant New Zealand and Afro-Madagascar, echoed by the relationship between the New Zealand kiwi (Apterygiformes) and Madagascan elephant-birds (Aepyornithiformes), suggests that the adzebill’s near relatives were formerly more widespread. In addition, our estimate for the divergence time between the two Quaternary adzebill species (0.2–2.3 Ma) coincides with the emergence of a land-bridge between the North and South islands of New Zealand (ca. 1.5–2 Ma). This relatively recent divergence suggests that North Island adzebills are the result of a relatively recent dispersal from the South Island, from which the earliest (Miocene) adzebill fossil has been described.
Raining on the parties’ parade: how media storms disrupt the electoral communicational environment

ABSTRACT Literature on agenda-building dynamics has neglected to assess the impact of contextual factors on the interplays between the issue attention of political actors and of the media. I fill the void by highlighting how media storms cause significant changes to the electoral communicational environment. Using a custom dataset compiled through an automated content analysis, I empirically examine patterns of issue salience during the 2015 Canadian federal election. The results support three main points. First, media storms do emerge during election campaigns. Second, media storms cause two main types of changes in the informational environment that characterize non-storm periods: (1) a reduction in the variety of issues included in the daily campaign coverage, and (2) a higher concentration of media attention on the storm-generating issues. Third, coverage of media storms compels political parties to engage with them, especially if they can exploit these storms with minimal risks. These findings suggest that some electoral contexts may be less conducive to political actors’ influence. They also offer evidence in support of the mediatization theory, according to which media market logic can take precedence over political normative logic in guiding the decisions of political actors.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PM10 EXPOSURE AND LUNG DYSFUNCTION IN THE WORKERS OF RICE MILL, DELI SERDANG, IN 2019

Background: PM 10 is solid air particles with diameter of less than 10 micrometer which can penetrate thorax in the pulmonary system. They can stay in lungs with diameter from two to five microns. Coughing, dyspnea, and pain in chest are health disorder undergone by the workers caused by PM 10 . Materials and Methods: The research used analytic survey method with cross section design. The samples were 30 workers. Result: The result of the research showed that PM 10 content in the rice mill was high (1,24 mg/m 2 ) at the grinding point and 1,44 mg/m 2 at the drying point. There was the relationship of the length of service (p-value=0,024; p<0,05), the use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) (p-value=0,004; p<0,05), and PM 10 content (p-value=0,001, p<0,05) with lung dysfunction. The variable which had the most dominant influence was PM 10 content at the probability value of 84,10%. Conclusion: The exposure of PM 10 content had the most significant influence on lung dysfunction in the workers of rice mill, Deli Serdang Regency at Exp(β)=24 which indicated that workers who worked in a location with high PM 10 concentration had 24 times of the possibility to be affected by lung dysfunction, compared with those who worked in a location with low PM 10 concentration. Keywords: PM 10 , LD, Rice Mill, PPE
Rural Prospects for Resilience: Planning Sustainable Livelihoods and Coping with Flood Hazards along the U.S. Mississippi River

Abstract In this research, we examine the principles of social and economic resilience to flood hazards within the US Mississippi River Basin between 1990 and 2010. To address community response to natural hazards, we analyzed community resilience planning using integrated spatio-temporal modeling with content analysis and case study research. Triangulating empirical evidence from a mixed-methods approach allows contextual understanding of planning effectiveness with respect to rural community resilience. Results suggest that effort focused on coordinated and strategic planning acts to reduce adverse effects of natural hazards in hazard-prone counties. These strategies involve long-term planning, land use policies, structural mitigation, and nonstructural mitigation measures to reduce community vulnerability to flood risk thus advancing more sustainable rural livelihoods.
Levels of household exposure to solid waste dumpsites and associated loss to health in urban Kenya and Senegal

ABSTRACT The primary goal of solid waste management to protect the health of the population, particularly low-income groups, has been hindered by lack of local data to pinpoint priorities and identify appropriate interventions across African cities. To fill this gap in order to inform policy and action, this paper examines different levels of exposure to solid waste dumpsites and associated health outcomes in Nairobi, Kenya and Dakar, Senegal. Using representative survey data of households, the study found higher primary exposure of households to the major dumpsite in Nairobi than in Dakar (70% versus 33%, respectively), following the physical proximity of Nairobi municipal dumpsite to large settlements. While there are higher levels of perception of risks to health associated with exposure to dumpsites in Nairobi than Dakar, the linkages between levels of exposure to dumpsites and incidences of morbidities (diarrhea/cholera and respiratory infections) was consistent in the two cities. The protective roles of gender and age of household head in Dakar and the net implications of socio-economic differences, highlight context-specific inputs needed in policy and program interventions. The low incidences of morbidity in Dakar than Nairobi provide empirical evidence supporting the negative health implications of siting dumpsites close to human settlements.
Studi Fenomenologi : Pengabaian Gejala Awal Kanker mengakibatkan Respon Negatif bagi Klien dan Keluarga

Latar Belakang: Kanker merupakan sebuah pertumbuhan sebuah sel yang tidak seperti biasanya, serta dapat menyerang jaringan dan organ lain. Semua penyakit kanker pasti diawali dengan gejala awal yang relatif ringan. Tetapi banyak penderita yang mengabaikan gejala awal kanker yang muncul, sampai pada gejala kanker dengan stadium lanjut yang parah. Pengabaian ini biasanya menimbulkan dampak negatif baik pasien dan keluarga. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa mengenai pengalaman penderita awal penderita kanker sampai dengan klien mengalami perawatan lanjutan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil: Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dua tema utama yaitu 1) pengabaian gejala awal sehingga dilakuakn pengobatan kanker. 2) Respon negatif klien dan kelaurga akibat penyakit kanker. Kesimpulan: Perlunya ada edukasi kepada masyarrakat luar mengenai gejala awal kanker, sehingga masyarakat lebih sadar dan segera memeriksakan keadaan tersebut. Respon negatif yang muncul dapat memperburuk proses penyembuhan, sehingga diperlukan menejemen stress yang baik bagi klien penderita kanker.
Perceptions of intensive care unit nurses of therapeutic futility: A scoping review

Introduction Intensive care units are contexts in which, due to the remarkable existence of particularly technological resources, interventions are promoted to extend the life of people who experience highly complex health situations. This ability can lead to a culture of death denial where the possibility of implementing futile care and treatment cannot be excluded. Objective To describe nurses’ perceptions of adult intensive care units regarding the therapeutic futility of interventions implemented to persons in critical health conditions. Method Review of the literature following the Scoping Review protocol of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The Population, Concept, and Context mnemonic was used to elaborate the research question and the research was performed using the EBSCOHost search engine in the CINAHL Complete databases, MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify studies published between 1990 and 2019. Seven studies were selected. Results Nurses consider that therapeutic futility, a current problem in adult intensive care units, may have a negative impact on persons in critical health conditions and that contributes directly to resource expenditure and moral conflicts and consequently leads to emotional exhaustion. Conclusion Due to the complexity of this concept, knowing and understanding people’s and families’ perceptions is crucial to the decision-making process, for which reason nurses can play a key role in managing these situations.
Short Communication:Laboratory assessment of ammonia volatilization from pig slurries applied on intact soil cores from till and no-till plots

Aim of study: Agricultural activities are the main source of volatilized ammonia (NH3). Maximum rates are reached within a few hours after slurry application. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of soil texture, tillage and slurry dry matter (DM) on NH3 volatilization.Area of study: Mediterranean semiarid environments (NE Spain). Material and methods: Ammonia volatilization from pig slurry directly applied on the soil surface was quantified in the laboratory, in soil samples from two experimental sites with different soil textures: silty loam and sandy loam. Field treatments consisted of two tillage management practices: till by disc-harrowing or no-till. At topdressing (cereal tillering), tillage treatments were combined with slurries of different DM contents applied onto the silty loam soil. Measurements were done for two cereal cropping seasons and during the period of maximum NH3 flux (12 h after slurry application). A photoacoustic analyzer was used.Main results: Slurry spreading at sowing resulted in low volatilization (0.7-9% of NH4+-N applied) as it also did at topdressing (0.3-1.4% of NH4+-N applied). At sowing, ammonia volatilization from high DM slurry (>7.5%) was significantly enhanced by no-till in both soils. At topdressing, this result was also found in records on silty loam soil. No differences were found between tillage systems when slurry of low DM content was applied, whatever the soil texture and application moment. Although NH3 volatilization was probably affected by the laboratory conditions, the comparisons between treatments were still valuable.Research highlights: Ammonia volatilization abatement can be improved (<1 kg NH3-N ha-1) if fertilization is done after crop establishment using low DM slurries (<3.5%).
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis by Dexamethasone Increases Survival Rate in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

Malaria still presents great epidemiologic importance by its high incidence in the world and potential clinical severity. Plasmodium parasites are highly susceptible to changes in the redox balance and the relationship between the redox state of the parasite and host cells is very complex and involves nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Thus, the present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of NO synthesis on the redox status, parasitemia evolution and survival rate of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Two-hundred and twenty-five mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei and submitted to the stimulation or inhibition of NO synthesis. The stimulation of NO synthesis was performed through the administration of L-arginine, while its inhibition was made by the administration of dexamethasone. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibition by dexamethasone promoted an increase in the survival rate of P. berghei-infected mice and data suggested the participation of oxidative stress in brain as a result of plasmodial infection, as well as the inhibition of brain NO synthesis, which promoted survival rate of almost 90% of the animals until the 15th day of infection, with possible direct interference of ischemia and reperfusion syndrome, as seen by increased levels of uric acid. Inhibition of iNOS caused a decrease of parasitemia and increased survival rate of infected animals, suggesting that the synthesis of NO may stimulate a series of compensatory redox effects that, if overstimulated, may be responsible for the onset of severe forms of malaria.
Students’ Conceptions of Sustainable Nutrition

In Education for Sustainable Development, the topic of sustainable nutrition offers an excellent learning topic as it combines the five dimensions of health, environment, economy, society, and culture, unlike most topics with a regional-global scope. The identification of existing students’ conceptions of this topic is important for the development of effective teaching and learning arrangements. This study aimed to understand students’ conceptions of sustainable nutrition and the relevance that students attribute to the five dimensions. For this purpose, we conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 10th-grade students at secondary schools in Germany ( n = 46; female = 47.8%; M Age = 15.59, SD = 0.78). We found that the health dimension prevailed in students’ conceptions of sustainable nutrition; however, the more dimensions the students considered, the less importance was attached to the health dimension. The ecological dimension, in turn, became more prominent as the students’ conceptions became more elaborate. Many students neglected the social, economic, and especially the cultural dimensions. Furthermore, alternative conceptions of the terminology of sustainable nutrition, which did not correspond to the scientific concept, were identified. Students had difficulties linking the ecological, social, economic, and cultural dimensions to sustainable nutrition due to a predominant egocentric perspective on nutrition, which primarily entails focusing on one’s own body.
Underwater Noise Emission Due to Offshore Pile Installation: A Review

The growing demand for renewable energy supply stimulates a drastic increase in the deployment rate of offshore wind energy. Offshore wind power generators are usually supported by large foundation piles that are driven into the seabed with hydraulic impact hammers or vibratory devices. The pile installation process, which is key to the construction of every new wind farm, is hindered by a serious by-product: the underwater noise pollution. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art computational methods to predict the underwater noise emission by the installation of foundation piles offshore including the available noise mitigation strategies. Future challenges in the field are identified under the prism of the ever-increasing size of wind turbines and the emerging pile driving technologies.
Farmers Characteristics in Relation to Soil and Water Conservation: The Case of Yongdeng County, China

Many soil and water conservation technologies have been promoted and spread to encourage the sustainable use of resources by small-scale farmers, but soil degradation continues intensively. The objective of this study therefore, was to identify the measures of Soil and Water Conservation, the factors that inform the adoption and use Soil and Water Conservation measures and evaluate the limitations to realize and maintain of these conservation practices. This study was done in Yongdeng County which falls under the governance of the city-level prefecture of Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province. One hundred farmers were randomly selected. Primary data was obtained through interviews and group discussion with farmers, and agricultural extension workers and field survey. The results revealed that the level of education and farm size did not affect the use of SWC measures. Unlike formal education, membership of the group of farmers was significant and had positive correlation with SWC measures. SWC education and training was significant and had a positive impact on the use of SWC measures. The study found that SWC Case Study Adingo et al.; AJEE, 12(4): 33-41, 2020; Article no.AJEE. 56802 34 structures commonly used by farmers in the study area include terraces (30%), contour ploughing (20%) and the use of drains. The agronomic practices commonly used are agroforestry, crop rotation and the use of grass strips. Farmers identified poverty, ignorance and lack of technical advice as the main obstacles to realizing the full potential of soil and water conservation in the area. Poorly laid out soil conservation structures were also accelerating soil erosion. These results show that, in order to ensure adequate soil and water conservation, particular attention must be paid to institutional and economic factors. Also, to encourage farmers’ participation in education and extension training on SWC, it is vital to strengthen the relationship between extension workers and farmers.
IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON RISK TOLERANCE

The Financial Services Authority of Indonesia (OJK) survey in 2016 has shown the financial literacy index in Indonesia was only about 21.8%. A lot of illegal investment in Indonesian society in recent years proves that the Indonesian people have not fully understood the benefits and risks of financial decision making. The research describes demographic factor and risk tolerance in the context of Indonesia’s society. The questionnaires distributed online and were obtained 850 respondents. To analyze the role of demographic factors on the willingness to take risks, we use Subjective Risk Tolerance, which is describing the respondent’s perception of risk. The result indicates that gender and age statistically insignificant in describing risk tolerance. Meanwhile, marital status, income, and education significantly important in determining risk tolerance. Gender equality in the working environment means women and men have an equal chance to get job and position in a company. This chance also means that women have a great chance to get more income and wealth than before. Marital status related to responsibility, the greater the responsibility assumes the smaller the level of risk tolerance. The better the knowledge, the better the understanding of the financial decision. Information processed and used to make a better decision. The result shows that in order to conduct an education program and increasing society’s knowledge, Government of the Republic of Indonesia, especially to The Indonesia Stock Exchange and Securities Firm should make attention to demographic factor and fit the investment product with investor’s profile.
Malignancy-transformed mature cystic teratoma surgical treatment requires comprehensive staging procedures including pelvic/para-aortic lymphadenectomy

1I Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 2Nu-med, Center of Oncology Diagnostics and Therapy, Zamość 3Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 4Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 5I Department of Radiation Therapy, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. John from Dukla, Lublin (Poland)
Evaluation of a Novel Polymeric Flocculant for Enhanced Water Recovery of Mature Fine Tailings

The novel cationic flocculant, poly(lactic acid) choline iodide ester methacrylate (poly(PLA4ChMA)), has been shown to provide improved flocculation of 5.0 wt. % mature fine tailings (MFT) diluted in deionized water compared to commercial anionic polymers, with continued dewatering of the sediment occurring as the polymer undergoes partial hydrolytic degradation. However, the elevated dosages (10,000 ppm) required would make the polymer costly to implement on an industrial scale. With this motivation, the impact of MFT loading and the use of process water is explored while comparing the settling performance of poly(PLA4ChMA) to available commercial alternatives such as anionic FLOPAM A3338. Improved consolidation of 5.0 wt. % MFT diluted with process water could be achieved at reduced dosages (500 ppm) with poly(PLA4ChMA). However, the final compaction levels after polymer degradation were similar to those achieved with the nondegradable commercial flocculants. Flocculation-filtration experiments with undiluted MFT are also conducted to compare the performance of the polymers. Significantly faster rates of water release were observed with the cationic flocculants compared to FLOPAM A3338, but no improvement in the overall tailings compaction was found either before or after poly(PLA4ChMA) degradation. Thus, the improved dewatering observed with poly(PLA4ChMA) in dilute MFT suspensions does not extend to conditions that would be encountered in the field.