Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dilepton spectra in p+p and Au+Au collisions at RHIC

This work presents measurements of electron-positron pairs from p+p collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV collected during the 2005 RHIC run and compares them to results from Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV taken in 2004 with the PHENIX detector. The invariant mass distribution of e+e- pairs in p+p is consistent with the expected contributions from Dalitz decays of light hadrons, dielectron decays of vector mesons and correlated charm production, which have been measured in the same experiment. The charm and bottom cross section extracted from the measured dielectron yield are sigma_cc = 544 +/- 39(stat.) +/- 142(syst.) +/- 200(model) microbarns and sigma_bb = 3.9 +/- 2.4(stat.) +3/-2(syst.) microbarns, respectively. In min. bias Au+Au collisions the yield of dielectrons in the low mass region is enhanced by a factor of 4.0 +/- 0.3(stat.) +/- 1.5(syst.) +/- 0.8(model) compared to the known hadronic sources. The excess dominates the yield in the transverse momentum region below 1 GeV/c and shows significantly lower average p_T than the expected sources. The low p_T enhancement is currently not understood by any theoretical model of heavy ion collisions. The enhancement extends to larger transverse momenta where it is also observed in p+p and explained by virtual direct photons. The p+p measurement serves as an important test to pQCD calculations of direct photon production from hard scattering processes in this momentum range. An excess with an inverse slope of T_eff = 221 +/- 23(stat.) +/- 18(syst.) MeV is observed in central Au+Au collisions above the binary scaled direct photon yield in p+p. This can be qualitatively explained by hydrodynamical models including thermal photon radiation with initial temperatures of 300 - 600 MeV and formation times of 0.12 - 0.6 fm/c.
Positive illusions about dyadic perspective-taking as a moderator of the association between attachment insecurity and marital satisfaction

Attachment insecurity (i.e., attachment anxiety or avoidance) puts people at risk for dissatisfying relationships. However, the dyadic regulation model of insecurity buffering suggests that an understanding and responsive partner may help insecure individuals to regulate emotions, thus improving couples’ relationships. It may also be that perceiving partners as understanding and empathic, especially in an exaggeratedly positive way (i.e., positive illusions) will buffer insecurity. In 196 mixed-gender newlywed couples, we investigated whether spouses’ positive illusions about partner’s dyadic perspective-taking moderated the association between spouses’ attachment insecurity and spouses’ and partners’ marital satisfaction over two years. Positive illusions generally predicted more satisfying relationships and attachment avoidance consistently predicted more dissatisfying relationships. There were also several instances where multilevel modeling indicated that positive illusions of dyadic perspective-taking buffered the negative effects of attachment avoidance on relationship satisfaction. However, there was also potentiation such that in two instances, positive illusions about dyadic perspective-taking strengthened the association between spouses’ insecurity (husbands’ attachment anxiety and wives’ attachment avoidance) and subsequent marital dissatisfaction. In the moment, positive illusions about dyadic perspective-taking may allow spouses to feel happy in their relationship despite fear of emotional intimacy; however, positive illusions may not continue to buffer effects of insecurity on subsequent relationship satisfaction and may even be harmful in the face of insecurity.
Outcomes in Emergency Department Patients with Dyspnea versus Chest Pain: A Retrospective Consecutive Cohort Study

Dyspnea and chest pain are major and important causes of contact at the emergency department (ED). Dyspnea is associated with high morbidity and mortality, but data on characteristics and outcomes compared with chest pain in the ED are limited. This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with contact causes of dyspnea or chest pain at two Swedish EDs from 2010 to 2014. Hospital admittance, ED revisits, and mortality were analyzed using multivariable regression models, adjusted for ED and markers of disease severity (age, sex, centre, Charlson comorbidity index, c-reactive protein, troponin T, and arrival by ambulance). 29,291 patients (mean age 58.3 years; 48.9% women) with dyspnea (n = 8,812) or chest pain (n = 20,479) were included. Dyspnea patients were older than patients with chest pain (64 vs. 56 years, p < 0.001) and had more comorbidity and higher average blood troponin T and c-reactive protein levels. Dyspnea patients also had higher hospitalization rates (48% vs. 30%; adjOR (95% CI) 2.1–2.3), including the intensive care unit (1.4% vs. 0.1%; adjOR 6.9–15.9), and more ED revisits (11% vs. 7%; adjOR 1.2–1.7) in 30 days. Dyspnea patients had five-fold increased mortality compared to those with chest pain; hazard ratio (HR) 5.1 (4.8–5.4), adjusted for markers of disease severity, the mortality was two-fold higher, HR 2.2 (2.0–2.4). Compared with chest pain patients, ED dyspnea patients are older, have more comorbidity, and have worse outcomes in terms of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality.
Influence of Psychological Perspectives and Demographics on Drivers’ Valuation of Road Accidents: A Combination of Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Preference Heterogeneity Model

Property damage and loss from road traffic accidents are a major concern in developing countries; thus, studies on accident damage in such countries may include more latent factors. This study aims to examine the effect of psychological perspectives and sociodemographic status on drivers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for road accident risk reduction, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the random parameters multinomial logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances (RPMNLHMV). The CFA results from interviews with 1650 car drivers in Thailand demonstrate that concepts of the theory of planned behavior and health access process approach are key factors for describing drivers’ behavioral intention and WTP. The RPMNLHMV results indicate that drivers’ demographics affected drivers’ WTP to reduce road accidents, and psychological perspectives were also found to have an influence on WTP. The results also reveal unobserved characteristics that could affect drivers’ WTP. The study concludes that ignoring unobserved heterogeneity in studies on WTP to reduce road accidents can lead to biased results and neglect important influential factors. The methodological approaches applied herein offer another layer of insight into unobserved characteristics in road accident valuation. These findings could be used to provide relevant authorities practical insights for policy development on road accident mitigation and road safety education programs in accordance with drivers’ characteristics.
Pairwise Suitable Family of Permutations and Boxicity

A family F of permutations of the vertices of a hypergraph H is called "pairwise suitable" for H if, for every pair of disjoint edges in H, there exists a permutation in F in which all the vertices in one edge precede those in the other. The cardinality of a smallest such family of permutations for H is called the "separation dimension" of H and is denoted by \pi(H). Equivalently, \pi(H) is the smallest natural number k so that the vertices of H can be embedded in R^k such that any two disjoint edges of H can be separated by a hyperplane normal to one of the axes. We show that the separation dimension of a hypergraph H is equal to the "boxicity" of the line graph of H. This connection helps us in borrowing results and techniques from the extensive literature on boxicity to study the concept of separation dimension.
Fate of engineered nanomaterials at the human epithelial lung tissue barrier in vitro after single and repeated exposures

The understanding of the engineered nanomaterials (NMs) potential interaction with tissue barriers is important to predict their accumulation in cells. Herein, the fate, e.g., cellular uptake/adsorption at the cell membrane and translocation, of NMs with different physico-chemical properties across an A549 lung epithelial tissue barrier, cultured on permeable transwell inserts, were evaluated. We assessed the fate of five different NMs, known to be partially soluble, bio-persistent passive and bio-persistent active. Single exposure measurements using 100 µg/ml were performed for barium sulfate (BaSO4), cerium dioxide (CeO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) NMs and non-nanosized crystalline silica (DQ12). Elemental distribution of the materials in different compartments was measured after 24 and 80 h, e.g., apical, apical wash, intracellular and basal, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. BaSO4, CeO2, and TiO2 were mainly detected in the apical and apical wash fraction, whereas for ZnO a significant fraction was detected in the basal compartment. For DQ12 the major fraction was found intracellularly. The content in the cellular fraction decreased from 24 to 80 h incubation for all materials. Repeated exposure measurements were performed exposing the cells on four subsequent days to 25 µg/ml. After 80 h BaSO4, CeO2, and TiO2 NMs were again mainly detected in the apical fraction, ZnO NMs in the apical and basal fraction, while for DQ12 a significant concentration was measured in the cell fraction. Interestingly the cellular fraction was in a similar range for both exposure scenarios with one exception, i.e., ZnO NMs, suggesting a potential different behavior for this material under single exposure and repeated exposure conditions. However, we observed for all the NMs, a decrease of the amount detected in the cellular fraction within time, indicating NMs loss by cell division, exocytosis and/or possible dissolution in lysosomes. Overall, the distribution of NMs in the compartments investigated depends on their composition, as for inert and stable NMs the major fraction was detected in the apical and apical wash fraction, whereas for partially soluble NMs apical and basal fractions were almost similar and DQ12 could mainly be found in the cellular fraction.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT’S INTERVENTION ON LIVELIHOOD OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED MILLET FARMERS IN BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

This study assessed the effects of International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) interventions on yield, income and standard of living of internally displaced millet farmers in Borno State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey design was adopted using a population of 679 internally displaced farmers who benefitted from IFAD interventions in Borno State. Three research questions were raised to guide the study and one null hypotheses was formulated to be tested at 0.005 significance level. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 248 internally displaced millet farmers as sample. A researcher designed questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection with a reliability coefficient of 0.79. Descriptive statistics in form of frequency count, percentage and mean were used to describe the socioeconomic characteristics while stepwise linear regression was used to test the hypotheses. The regression result shows that IFAD interventions significantly affect yield with coefficient of (R2 = 0.347) and standard of living with a coefficient of (R2 = 0. 321). whereas the result reveals that the interventions have not significantly affect the income of the farmers with the coefficient of (R2 = 0.092) The findings indicate that IFAD interventions improved the yield and standard of living of internally displaced millet farmers in Borno State, Nigeria. The study recommended that, Borno State government should ensure continuity of the interventions provided to internally displaced millet farmers, as it reveals from the findings of the study that the interventions improves the yield and standard of living of the farmers.
On Combining Global and Localized Self-Supervised Models of Speech

Self supervised learning involves learning general-purpose representations that can be useful in a variety of downstream tasks. In this work, we study the application of speech-embeddings derived from popular self-supervised learning frameworks such as wav2vec-2.0 and HuBERT over four different speech-classification tasks such as sentiment classification, command detection, emotion classification and depression detection. We distinguish between and discuss self-supervised training tasks that induce localized and global features of speech based on their temporal granularity: noting that self-supervised representation learning frameworks based on the masked language-modeling objective – such as wav2vec-2.0 and HuBERT – induce localized embeddings, we define a self-supervised learning framework based on SimSiam for learning global features of speech. Through our evaluations, we find that these global representations are better suited for tasks such as depression detection and emotion classification while the localized embeddings of speech can be very useful in tasks such as speech-command detection; we also find that our proposed model outperforms TRILL – a popular model for learning global representations. Finally, we also propose and confirm empirically that combining the global and localized representations of speech helps obtain better performance across a range of downstream tasks than each of the individual embedding methods.
An Improved Deliberation Network with Text Pre-training for Code-Switching Automatic Speech Recognition

This paper proposes an improved deliberation network (DN) for end-to-end code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR). In a conventional DN, acoustic encoding and first-pass hypothesis encoding are utilized separately and are simply combined by summation, which cannot take full advantage of their potential complementarity. Hence, the proposed improved DN model exploits the relationship between the two encodings through a two-staged process. First, by integrating the two encodings into a unified semantic space through a shared encoder, and second, by capturing the relevant information from the acoustic encoding through an attention mechanism before the final decoding process. Moreover, the lack of paired training data restricts the generalization ability of the model in CS ASR. To address this problem, the developed DN is pre-trained based on a denoising sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) objective using unpaired text data. Experiments on a Chinese-English CS dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the conventional DN, a 13.5% relative error rate reduction is observed.
Investigating perception of spoken dialogue acceptability through surprisal

Surprisal is used throughout computational psycholinguis-tics to model a range of language processing behaviour. There is growing evidence that language model (LM) estimates of surprisal correlate with human performance on a range of written language comprehension tasks. Although communicative interaction is arguably the primary form of language use, most studies of surprisal are based on monological, written data. Towards the goal of understand-ing perception in spontaneous, natural language, we present an exploratory investigation into whether the relationship between human comprehension behaviour and LM-estimated surprisal holds when applied to dialogue , considering both written dialogue, and the lexical component of spoken dialogue. We use a novel judgement task of dialogue utterance acceptability to ask two questions: “How well can people make predictions about written dialogue and transcripts of spoken dialogue? ” and “Does surprisal correlate with these acceptability judgements? ”. We demonstrate that people can make accurate predictions about upcoming dialogue and that their ability differs between spoken transcripts and written conversation. We investigate the relationship between global and local operationalisations of surprisal and human acceptability judgements, finding a combina-tion of both to provide the most predictive power.
Acoustic Stress Detection in Isolated English Words for Computer-Assisted Pronunciation Training

We propose a system for automatic lexical stress detection in isolated English words. It is designed to be part of the computer-assisted pronunciation training application MIAPARLE (“https://miaparle.unige.ch”) that specifically focuses on stress contrasts acquisition. Training lexical stress cannot be disregarded in language education as the accuracy in production highly affects the intelligibility and perceived fluency of an L2 speaker. The pipeline automatically segments audio input into syllables over which duration, intensity, pitch, and spectral information is calculated. Since the stress of a syllable is defined relative to its neighboring syllables, the values obtained over the syllables are complemented with differential values to the preceding and following syllables. The resulting feature vectors, retrieved from 1011 recordings of single words spoken by English natives, are used to train a Voting Classifier composed of four supervised classifiers, namely a Support Vector Machine, a Neural Net, a K Nearest Neighbor, and a Random Forest classifier. The approach determines syllables of a single word as stressed or unstressed with an F1 score of 94% and an accuracy of 96%.
Childhood Obesity: Position Statement of Polish Society of Pediatrics, Polish Society for Pediatric Obesity, Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, the College of Family Physicians in Poland and Polish Association for Study on Obesity

Childhood obesity is one of the most important problems of public health. Searching was conducted by using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases, from January 2022 to June 2022, for English language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies from all over the world. Five main topics were defined in a consensus join statement of the Polish Society of Pediatrics, Polish Society for Pediatric Obesity, Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and Polish Association for the Study on Obesity: (1) definition, causes, consequences of obesity; (2) treatment of obesity; (3) obesity prevention; (4) the role of primary care in the prevention of obesity; (5) Recommendations for general practitioners, parents, teachers, and regional authorities. The statement outlines the role of diet, physical activity in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, and gives appropriate recommendations for interventions by schools, parents, and primary health care. A multisite approach to weight control in children is recommended, taking into account the age, the severity of obesity, and the presence of obesity-related diseases. Combined interventions consisting of dietary modification, physical activity, behavioral therapy, and education are effective in improving metabolic and anthropometric indices. More actions are needed to strengthen the role of primary care in the effective prevention and treatment of obesity because a comprehensive, multi-component intervention appears to yield the best results.
NMR Metabolite Profiling in the Quality and Authentication Assessment of Greek Honey—Exploitation of STOCSY for Markers Identification

Honey is a natural, healthy commodity and is probably among the most complex foods produced by nature. It is the oldest recorded and certainly the only natural sweetener that can be used by humans without any further processing. Nowadays, the increase in honey’s value, along with its growing list of healthy attributes, has made the present raw material a prime target for adulteration. In the current study, NMR-based metabolite profiling in combination with chemometrics was applied in the quality control of Greek honeys from northeastern Aegean islands. Moreover, statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY) was employed for the first time as a dereplication and structural elucidation tool in the honey biomarker identification process. A total of 10 compounds were successfully identified in honey total extracts via 1H NMR spectroscopy. Compounds such as 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, methyl syringate, a mono-substituted glycerol derivative and 3-hydroxy-4-phenyl-2-butanone, among others, were identified as potential biomarkers related to the botanical and geographical origin of the samples. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) was used as an additional verification tool on the identified compounds.
Wonder of sine-Gordon Y-systems

The sine-Gordon Y-systems and the reduced sine-Gordon Y-systems were introduced by Tateo in the 90's in the study of the integrable deformation of conformal field theory by the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz method. The periodicity property and the dilogarithm identities concerning these Y-systems were conjectured by Tateo, and only a part of them have been proved so far. In this paper we formulate these Y-systems by the polygon realization of cluster algebras of types A and D, and prove the conjectured periodicity and dilogarithm identities in full generality. As it turns out, there is a wonderful interplay among continued fractions, triangulations of polygons, cluster algebras, and Y-systems.
ANALYSIS OF AGRO-WASTE UTILISATION AS SOURCE OF ORGANIC MANURE BY VEGETABLE FARMERS IN KUMBOTSO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA.

Agricultural waste constitutes nuisance to environment thereby making the surrounding frowzy with the long-run effect on siphoning government expenditure and blighting the health status of farming households. This study investigated the utilization of agricultural waste by vegetable farmers in Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. Structured Questionnaire was used to elicit one hundred and ten questionnaire used for the study. OLS regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The analysis of the farmers’ age shows that 47% were within the age group of 35-45 years. Inferential statistics shows that Marital status had positive significance (P<0.01) on agro-waste utilizer. This implies that married farmers utilized agro-waste than single farmers. The age of the farmers was positively significant (P< 0.10) in increasing their utilization of agro-waste. Budgetary analysis indicates that the Rate of Return to Investment is 1.70. This implies that for every one naira invested there is a return to investment of seventy kobo. The study concluded that utilization of agro-waste is credible and plausible to improve farming practice in the study area. The study recommends that experienced farmers should share acquired knowledge with the younger farmers to boost vegetable production in the study area. Farmers’ group discussion should be enhanced to encourage the female farmers and less experienced farmers on the need to use agricultural waste.