Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CORRELATION OF BODY MASS INDEX AND POST-RESUSCITATION ALBUMIN LEVELS WITH THE MORTALITY OF BURN PATIENTS AT PROF NGOERAH GENERAL HOSPITAL PERIOD 2020-2022

Background: Burn injuries are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The incidence of death resulting from burns can be influenced by various prognostic factors, with nutritional status being a significant contributor. Therefore, assessing nutritional status through the calculation of body mass index (BMI) and post-resuscitation albumin levels becomes imperative. Purpose: This study aims to explore the correlation between BMI and post-resuscitation albumin levels with the mortality of burn patients at Prof Ngoerah General Hospital during the period 2020-2022. Methods: This research adopts an observational analytical approach, utilizing a cross-sectional research design and consecutive sampling techniques. The study relies on secondary data, specifically medical records of burn patients. Out of a total of 134 medical records, 100 were selected based on adherence to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The study reveals median values for age (42,5), BMI of 23,9 and albumin levels 24 hours post resuscitation recorded at 2,235. The Spearman test analysis conducted on 100 samples reveals a notable correlation between these variables and the mortality of burn patients (r = 0,263; PR 1,707; 95% CI 1,163 – 2,504; p = 0,008). The chi-square test analysis regarding the association between post-resuscitation albumin levels and burn patient mortality also demonstrates a significant relationship (PR 2,390; 95% CI 1,358 – 4,207; p = 0,000). Conclusion: In conclusion , there is a statistically significant association between mortality and both BMI and post-resuscitation albumin levels among burn patients treated at the Prof Ngoerah General Hospital during the period 2020-2022.
Intergenerational Occupational Mobility and Inequality in a Spatial Model with Trade and Immigration

We combine spatial economics and intergenerational career choice to study the quantitative impacts of education reform, trade, and immigration on occupational mobility and inequality. In the counterfactual experiments using a calibrated model, we ﬁnd that an education reform that grants all children the same ex-ante talent distribution generates the largest inter-generational occupational mobility and welfare gains, but, counterintuitively, enlarge income inequality. Trade liberalization deters mobility across occupations and regions and increases income inequality. An immigration reform that reduces immigration costs across regions boosts cross-regional mobility and reduces inequality dramatically but reduces intergenerational occupational mobility.
A Generic Approach to Pathological Lung Segmentation

In this study, we propose a novel pathological lung segmentation method that takes into account neighbor prior constraints and a novel pathology recognition system. Our proposed framework has two stages; during stage one, we adapted the fuzzy connectedness (FC) image segmentation algorithm to perform initial lung parenchyma extraction. In parallel, we estimate the lung volume using rib-cage information without explicitly delineating lungs. This rudimentary, but intelligent lung volume estimation system allows comparison of volume differences between rib cage and FC based lung volume measurements. Significant volume difference indicates the presence of pathology, which invokes the second stage of the proposed framework for the refinement of segmented lung. In stage two, texture-based features are utilized to detect abnormal imaging patterns (consolidations, ground glass, interstitial thickening, tree-inbud, honeycombing, nodules, and micro-nodules) that might have been missed during the first stage of the algorithm. This refinement stage is further completed by a novel neighboring anatomy-guided segmentation approach to include abnormalities with weak textures, and pleura regions. We evaluated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method on more than 400 CT scans with the presence of a wide spectrum of abnormalities. To our best of knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate all abnormal imaging patterns in a single segmentation framework. The quantitative results show that our pathological lung segmentation method improves on current standards because of its high sensitivity and specificity and may have considerable potential to enhance the performance of routine clinical tasks.
Prospects for Advancing Global Aerosol and Cloud Measurements with CALIPSO

The CALIPSO satellite carries the first polarization lidar in orbit, along with infrared and visible passive imagers, and flies as part of the Afternoon Constellation (A-train). The acquisition of observations which are simultaneous and coincident with observations from other instruments of the Atrain will allow numerous synergies to be realized from combining CALIPSO observations with observations from other platforms. In particular, cloud observations from the CALIPSO lidar and the CloudSat radar will complement each other, together encompassing the variety of clouds found in the atmosphere, from thin cirrus to deep convective clouds. This paper will present an overview of the CALIPSO mission, including initial results.
Illuminating the physicochemical perspective on ageing

their dynamics, and whether transient intermediates form. The dynamics of protein assembly can be observed by tagging the corresponding proteins with a fluorescent protein or by adding small-molecule fluorescent dyes such as Thioflavin T, 177 which usually only indicate amyloid-type structures. The target protein fused with a fluorescent protein allows fluorescent microscopy with a high spatiotemporal resolution, observation of dynamic behaviour, and colocalization with other fluorescently tagged molecules. ABSTRACT Proteins assemble into a variety of dynamic and functional structures. Their structural transitions are often challenging to distinguish inside cells, particularly with a high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we present a FRET-based method for continuous, and high-throughput monitoring of protein self-assemblies to reveal well-resolved transient intermediate states. Intermolecular FRET with both the donor and acceptor protein at the same target protein provides high sensitivity while retaining the advantage of straightforward ratiometric imaging. We apply this method to monitor self-assembly of the mutant Huntingtin exon1 (mHttex1). We show that the mutant Huntingtin exon1 (mHttex1) first forms less ordered assemblies which develop into fibril-like aggregates. This method adds to the toolbox for protein self-assembly structure and kinetics determination, and implementation with native or non-native proteins can inform studies involving protein condensation or aggregation.
Análisis de la dinámica poblacional de los ungulados en Sierra Morena oriental: factores influyentes e implicaciones en la gestión cinegética

espanolEsta Tesis analiza la densidad y las fluctuaciones del tamano poblacional de cervidos en ecosistemas mediterraneos durante un periodo de tiempo de casi dos decadas. El objetivo fundamental es evaluar el efecto relativo de la caza, el clima y la propia densidad sobre las fluctuaciones del tamano de poblacion de dos especies de cervidos simpatricos, el ciervo Iberico(Cervus elaphus hispanicus) y el gamo (Dama dama). Todo ello enfocado a obtener informacion aplicada a la gestion cinegetica y al control de poblaciones en condiciones de sobreabundancia, como: datos de capacidad de carga y tasas de caza efectivas para cervidos Mediterraneos. Esta Tesis es el primer trabajo en el area de estudio en el que se valora la eficacia de la caza selectiva en el control de poblaciones, considerando a la vez el clima y los posibles efectos de denso-dependencia. EnglishThis thesis analyzes the density and the population size fluctuations of two deer species in Mediterranean ecosystems during almost two decades. The main objective is to assess the relative effect of hunting, climate and density on the population size fluctuations of two species sympatric deer, red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and fallow deer (Dama dama). All this focused on obtaining applied information to hunting management in conditions of overabundance, such as carrying capacity information and efficiency of selective hunting in population control in Mediterranean deer. This study for the first time in this area, the hunting efficiency considering the climate and the possible effects of density-dependence at the same time.
A new consistency measure for localization of sound sources in the presence of reverberation

Sound source localization is an important task in many practical applications. Among existing methods, the Linear Intersection algorithm is a popular technique and performs well in noisy conditions without requiring high computational costs. Unfortunately the performance of Linear Intersection is seriously hampered by the presence of reverberation, which is quite common in closed environments. In order to overcome this limitation, the Optimal Line Selection technique was proposed in the past. In this paper some important modifications of this technique are presented and described. Results on simulated and real data confirm the quality of the proposed solution.
Modeling the Worldwide Spread of Pandemic Influenza: Baseline Case and Containment Interventions

Background The highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, which is now widespread in Southeast Asia and which diffused recently in some areas of the Balkans region and Western Europe, has raised a public alert toward the potential occurrence of a new severe influenza pandemic. Here we study the worldwide spread of a pandemic and its possible containment at a global level taking into account all available information on air travel. Methods and Findings We studied a metapopulation stochastic epidemic model on a global scale that considers airline travel flow data among urban areas. We provided a temporal and spatial evolution of the pandemic with a sensitivity analysis of different levels of infectiousness of the virus and initial outbreak conditions (both geographical and seasonal). For each spreading scenario we provided the timeline and the geographical impact of the pandemic in 3,100 urban areas, located in 220 different countries. We compared the baseline cases with different containment strategies, including travel restrictions and the therapeutic use of antiviral (AV) drugs. We investigated the effect of the use of AV drugs in the event that therapeutic protocols can be carried out with maximal coverage for the populations in all countries. In view of the wide diversity of AV stockpiles in different regions of the world, we also studied scenarios in which only a limited number of countries are prepared (i.e., have considerable AV supplies). In particular, we compared different plans in which, on the one hand, only prepared and wealthy countries benefit from large AV resources, with, on the other hand, cooperative containment scenarios in which countries with large AV stockpiles make a small portion of their supplies available worldwide. Conclusions We show that the inclusion of air transportation is crucial in the assessment of the occurrence probability of global outbreaks. The large-scale therapeutic usage of AV drugs in all hit countries would be able to mitigate a pandemic effect with a reproductive rate as high as 1.9 during the first year; with AV supply use sufficient to treat approximately 2% to 6% of the population, in conjunction with efficient case detection and timely drug distribution. For highly contagious viruses (i.e., a reproductive rate as high as 2.3), even the unrealistic use of supplies corresponding to the treatment of approximately 20% of the population leaves 30%–50% of the population infected. In the case of limited AV supplies and pandemics with a reproductive rate as high as 1.9, we demonstrate that the more cooperative the strategy, the more effective are the containment results in all regions of the world, including those countries that made part of their resources available for global use.
Towards Practical, Precise and Parametric Energy Analysis of IT Controlled Systems

Energy consumption analysis of IT-controlled systems can play a major role in minimising the overall energy consumption of such IT systems, during the development phase, or for optimisation in the field. Recently, a precise energy analysis was developed, with the property of being parametric in the hardware. In principle, this creates the opportunity to analyse which is the best software implementation for given hardware, or the other way around: choose the best hardware for a given algorithm. The precise analysis was introduced for a very limited language: ECA. In this paper, several important steps are taken towards practical energy analysis. The ECA language is extended with common programming language features. The application domain is further explored, and threats to the validity are identified and discussed. Altogether, this constitutes an important step towards analysing energy consumption of IT-controlled systems in practice.
Observational Learning of New Movement Sequences Is Reflected in Fronto-Parietal Coherence

Mankind is unique in her ability for observational learning, i.e. the transmission of acquired knowledge and behavioral repertoire through observation of others' actions. In the present study we used electrophysiological measures to investigate brain mechanisms of observational learning. Analysis investigated the possible functional coupling between occipital (alpha) and motor (mu) rhythms operating in the 10Hz frequency range for translating “seeing” into “doing”. Subjects observed movement sequences consisting of six consecutive left or right hand button presses directed at one of two target-buttons for subsequent imitation. Each movement sequence was presented four times, intervened by short pause intervals for sequence rehearsal. During a control task subjects observed the same movement sequences without a requirement for subsequent reproduction. Although both alpha and mu rhythms desynchronized during the imitation task relative to the control task, modulations in alpha and mu power were found to be largely independent from each other over time, arguing against a functional coupling of alpha and mu generators during observational learning. This independence was furthermore reflected in the absence of coherence between occipital and motor electrodes overlaying alpha and mu generators. Instead, coherence analysis revealed a pair of symmetric fronto-parietal networks, one over the left and one over the right hemisphere, reflecting stronger coherence during observation of movements than during pauses. Individual differences in fronto-parietal coherence were furthermore found to predict imitation accuracy. The properties of these networks, i.e. their fronto-parietal distribution, their ipsilateral organization and their sensitivity to the observation of movements, match closely with the known properties of the mirror neuron system (MNS) as studied in the macaque brain. These results indicate a functional dissociation between higher order areas for observational learning (i.e. parts of the MNS as reflected in 10Hz coherence measures) and peripheral structures (i.e. lateral occipital gyrus for alpha; central sulcus for mu) that provide low-level support for observation and motor imagery of action sequences.
Bounds for Regret-Matching Algorithms

We introduce a general class of learning algorithms, regret-matching algorithms, and a regret-based framework for analyzing their performance in online decision problems. Our analytic framework is based on a set Φ of transformations over the set of actions. Specifically, we calculate a Φ-regret vector by comparing the average reward obtained by an agent over some finite sequence of rounds to the average reward that could have been obtained had the agent instead played each transformation φ ∈ Φ of its sequence of actions. The regret matching algorithms analyzed here select the agent’s next action based on the vector of Φ-regrets, along with a link function f . Many well-studied learning algorithms are seen to be instances of regret matching. We derive bounds on the regret experienced by (f,Φ)-regret matching algorithms for polynomial and exponential link functions (though we consider polynomial link functions for p > 1 rather than p ≥ 2). Although we do not improve upon the bounds reported in past work (except in special cases), our means of analysis is more general, in part because we do not rely directly on Taylor’s theorem. Hence, we can analyze algorithms based on a larger class of link functions, particularly non-differentiable link functions. In ongoing work, we are indeed studying regret matching with alternative link functions, other than polynomial and exponential.
Altered corticospinal transmission to the hand after maximum voluntary efforts

Introduction: After maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs), responses to corticospinal tract stimulation change differently in arm and leg muscles. This study we examined responses in the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI). Methods: Stimulation of the corticospinal tract at the cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials in FDI. Stimuli were delivered before and after 10‐s and 1‐min MVCs. The reproducibility of changes in the cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs) was investigated. F‐waves tested motoneuron excitability. Results: After the MVCs, the CMEP area was initially variable. By ∽1 min after 10‐s and 1‐min MVCs, CMEPs in relaxed muscle decreased to 63 ± 15% and 52 ± 32%, respectively, of control and remained depressed for ∽10 min. Responses evoked 2 days apart varied between subjects but not between days. After 10‐s MVCs, F‐waves were reduced at rest. During weak contraction, CMEPs but not F‐waves were depressed. Conclusions: Our results suggest that contraction produces changes at the corticomotoneuronal synapses to FDI. In addition, motoneuron excitability is reduced. Muscle Nerve, 2011
in Diﬀerencing Attack Scenarios

One of the recent notions of privacy protection is Diﬀerential Privacy (DP) with potential application in several personal data protection settings. DP acts as an intermediate layer between a private dataset and data analysts introducing privacy by injecting noise into the results of queries. Key to DP is the role of ε – a parameter that controls the magnitude of injected noise and, therefore, the trade-oﬀ between utility and privacy. Choosing proper ε value is a key challenge and a non-trivial task, as there is no straightforward way to assess the level of privacy loss associated with a given ε value. In this study, we measure the privacy loss imposed by a given ε through an adversarial model that exploits auxiliary information. We deﬁne the adversarial model and the privacy loss based on a diﬀerencing attack and the success probability of such an attack, respectively. Then, we restrict the probability of a successful diﬀerencing attack by tuning the ε . The result is an approach for setting ε based on the probability of a successful diﬀerencing attack and, hence, privacy leak. Our evaluation ﬁnds that setting ε based on some of the approaches presented in related work does not seem to oﬀer adequate protection against the adversarial model introduced in this paper. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the ε selected by our proposed approach provides privacy protection for the adversary model in this paper and the adversary models in the related work.
Hybrid stiff/compliant workspace control for robotized minimally invasive surgery

This paper presents a novel control architecture for hybrid stiff and compliant control for minimally invasive surgery which satisfies the constraints of zero lateral velocity at the entry point for serial manipulators. For minimally invasive surgery it is required that there is no sideways motion at the point where the robots enter the abdomen. This is necessary to avoid any damage to the patient's body when the robot moves. We solve this at a kinematic level, i.e., we find a Jacobian matrix that maps the velocities in joint space to the end-effector velocities and at the same time guarantees that certain velocities at the entry point are zero. Because the new velocity variables are defined in the end-effector workspace we can use these for hybrid motion/force control. The approach is verified experimentally by implementing hybrid stiff and compliant control of the end effector and we show that the insertion point constraints are always satisfied.
[Bioethics and biosafety: the use of biomaterials in dental practice].

OBJECTIVE To analyze the use of biomaterials in surgical procedures carried out by specialist dental surgeons, in light of the Principalist Bioethics Theory and the Individual and Collective Ethics of Responsibility. METHODS Dental surgeons (n=95), who were registered as specialists at the Regional Dentistry Council of Brasilia as of 2002, completed questionnaires regarding the use of biomaterials in their work. Data relating to sanitary control were collated, based on these dental surgeons' responses and research at relevant organizations. RESULTS All of the professionals in the survey used biomaterials on a regular basis; 45% believed their use to be risk-free for patients, and 48% did not classify biomaterials as drugs. About 70% of professionals trust the source of the biomaterials even though membranes and bones are the items most commonly bought from individual suppliers. Nonetheless, 96% of interviewees believed that government sanitation agencies should regulate more. More than half of the professionals (51%) pointed to little or no participation by the patient in the process of therapeutic choice. A copy of the informed consent form was provided by 12% of the dental surgeons interviewed produced. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the professionals use biomaterials without knowing about related risks and adverse side effects, contrary to the principle of beneficence. Government agencies and professional bodies alike do not show evidence of observing public responsibility ethics. Informed consent is not yet integrated fully into professional practice and the doctor-patient relationship in dentistry remains markedly vertical.
Deriving traffic demands for operational IP networks: methodology and experience

Engineering a large IP backbone network without an accurate network-wide view of the traffic demands is challenging. Shifts in user behavior, changes in routing policies, and failures of network elements can result in significant (and sudden) fluctuations in load. In this paper, we present a model of traffic demands to support traffic engineering and performance debugging of large Internet Service Provider networks. By defining a traffic demand as a volume of load originating from an ingress link and destined to a set of egress links, we can capture and predict how routing affects the traffic traveling between domains. To infer the traffic demands, we propose a measurement methodology that combines flow-level measurements collected at all ingress links with reachability information about all egress links. We discuss how to cope with situations where practical considerations limit the amount and quality of the necessary data. Specifically, we show how to infer interdomain traffic demands using measurements collected at a smaller number of edge links-the peering links connecting the neighboring providers. We report on our experiences in deriving the traffic demands in the AT&T IP BAckbone, by collecting, validating, and joining very large and diverse sets of usage, configuration, and routing data over extended periods of time. The paper concludes with a preliminary analysis of the observed dynamics of the traffic demands and a discussion of the practical implications for traffic engineering.