Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causative Organisms, Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns and Risk Factors Associated with Neonatal Sepsis at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya.

Background: Neonatal bacterial infections have been associated with rising antimicrobial resistance levels. This has led to increasing neonatal morbidity and mortality in poorly resourced health facilities located in low income countries. Local studies on neonatal antibiotic sensitivity patterns and its associated risk factors could inform empirical antibiotic therapy and hospital infection control strategies. Purpose: The study aimed at determining the causative organisms, antibiotic sensitivity patterns and risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis at a tertiary teaching hospital in Western Kenya. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study among neonates suspected to have sepsis and undergoing treatment at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) newborn unit (NBU) between September 2017 and July 2018. Blood culture tests isolated bacteria and determined their antimicrobial sensitivity. Neonatal and maternal characteristics were obtained through medical chart reviews. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test of association and odds ratios were adopted. Results: The study enrolled 141 neonates, majority (57.4%) of whom were female. The median gestational age and birth weight were 37 (IQR: 22-45) weeks and 2400g (IQR: 800 - 4700) respectively. Of the 151 bacterial isolates identified, 46.4% were Klebsiella spp. followed by Coagulate negative staphylococcus (CoNS) at 27.8%. Klebsiella spp. was sensitive to meropenem, amikacin and cefepime but resistant to ceftriaxone, gentamycin and cefotaxime. However, CoNS was sensitive to vancomycin and penicillin. Both the neonatal and maternal risk factors assessed were not associated with neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: The main bacterial causes of neonatal sepsis were Klebsiella spp. and CoNS which were both sensitivity to meropenem and amikacin.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa (+) Morelloflavon Dari Kulit Batang Tumbuhan Gamboge (Garcinia xanthochymus)

Tumbuhan gamboge (Garcinia xanthochymus) merupakan salah satu spesies dar genus Garcinia famili Guttiferae. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dari senyawa biflavonoid (+) morelloflavon ((5,7,4',5",7",3"',4"'-heptahidroksi flavanon (3,8")flavon dari ekstrak etilasetat tumbuhan G. xanthochymus telah dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1 difenil pikrilhidrazil) dengan variasi konsentrasi 1000, 500, 250. 125, 62,5, 31,5, 15,625, dan 7,812 μg mL dengan menggunakan standar asam askorbat. Senyawa (+) morelloflavon menunjukkan aktif antioksidan dengan IC50 26,7 μg mL, sedangkan asam askorbat pembanding menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dengan IC50 sebesar 19,32 μg mL. Berdasarkan data ini senyawa morelloflanon dikategorikan memberikan aktivitas antioksidan sedang.
Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin Immobilized on Carbon‐Coated Iron Nanoparticles for Amperometric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

A novel method for preparation of hydrogen peroxide biosensor was presented based on immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) on carbon-coated iron nanoparticles (CIN). CIN was firstly dispersed in a chitosan solution and cast onto a glassy carbon electrode to form a CIN/chitosan composite film modified electrode. Hb was then immobilized onto the composite film with the cross-linking of glutaraldehyde. The immobilized Hb displayed a pair of stable and quasireversible redox peaks and excellent electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which leading to an unmediated biosensor for H2O2. The electrocatalytic response exhibited a linear dependence on H2O2 concentration in a wide range from 3.1 μM to 4.0 mM with a detection limit of 1.2 μM (S/N=3). The designed biosensor exhibited acceptable stability, long-term life and good reproducibility.
Unusual transformations of 2-isoxazolines

The data on unusual transformations of 2-isoxazolines observed in both their preparation by traditional methods and various reactions, mostly with nucleophilic reagents, are considered systematically. Possible mechanisms of these reactions are discussed. Special attention is given to the transformations of 2-isoxazolines under the action of complex organometallic compounds. The bibliography includes 78 references.
USE OF SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING OF AMPHIPOD ABUNDANCE TO CLASSIFY THE BIOTIC INTEGRITY OF ACID-SENSITIVE LAKES

A sequential sampling program is described for ubiquitous, cost-effective biomonitoring of the effects of lake acidification. Spring densities of the littoral amphipod Hyalella azteca are quantitatively sorted into 5 abundance categories. Stratification of proportional densities per unit macrophyte biomass in relation to the aqueous total phosphorus concentration is an essential step in the a priori definition of decision criteria. Density rankings were related to lake acidity and to detailed lake-specific information on patterns of Hyalella life history and acid tolerance. Incorporation of Hyalella abundance as a potential metric for the assessment of the biological integrity of acid-sensitive waters is recommended. The temporal integration of transient changes in spring meltwater chemistry is an important rationale for the development of such biomonitoring procedures.
EFFECTS OF CROPPING ON MACRO-AGGREGATION OF A MARINE CLAY SOIL

Field and growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the short-term effects of selected crops on macro-aggregation of a Kamouraska clay soil. Under field conditions, the growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for up to 2 yr resulted in increased macro-aggregate size and stability compared to a fallow control and to initial conditions. Under these two crops, the proportion of water-stable aggregates of the 2- to 6-mm fraction increased from 25% in May 1986 to 40% in September 1987 at the expense of the 0.25- to 1.0-mm fraction which decreased from 37% to 19% over the same period. Macro-aggregation after 2 yr was not different in corn (Zea mays L.) and fallow control. Seasonal variations in aggregate stability were significant but small and less important than the effects of cropping treatments. Results of the growth chamber experiment agreed with those obtained under field conditions suggesting that controlled environment experiments can be used to model cropping .
Stroboscopic technique for measurement of fluorescence lifetimes of bacteria and biological interferents

Time-resolved fluorescence was measured for 25 biological species of vegetative bacteria, spores, fungi and pollens using stroboscopic technique and UV LEDs (280 and 340 nm) as a source of excitation. For all the examined species, the fluorescence lifetime was described by double exponential kinetics. With excitation at 280 nm, the decay time of the slow component varies from 2.0 to 4.6 ns. The fast component varies from 0.4 to 1.1 ns and its relative amplitude is greater than measured in tryptophan solution, which is a result of strong fluorescence quenching. For excitation at 340 nm, the lifetimes of fluorescence components are 3-9 ns and 0.4-1.9 ns, respectively. Higher differences in decay times are observed for other groups, especially pollens, that is connected with higher number of fluorophores in this spectral range. In general, lifetimes and relative fractional contributions of components are various for particular biological species, however, they are not specific for one group, what causes difficulties in BWA classification with time-resolved fluorescence method. Evaluation of the decay curves using PCA method shows low similarity of species in groups of living bacteria and spores and strong influence of interferents is observed.
Integrated modelling for the discharge of brine from desalination plants into coastal waters

AbstractReverse osmosis desalination plants (RODP) located in many arid or semi arid coastal areas or islands worldwide provide a solution to the problem of water scarcity by supplying fresh water to the local population. However, the constant discharge of large quantities of brine into the sea may cause harmful effects on marine flora and fauna due to excess salinities. These effects can be avoided by selecting properly the configuration and location of the water outfall system of RODP via the performance of a hydrodynamic study of the brine effluent using integrated models. This work presents (1) the mixing regions of brine effluent flow, which are the near field (NF), intermediate field (IF) and far field (FF) regions, (2) the normally used brine outfall configurations which fall into three groups: (a) the onshore surface, (b) the offshore submerged single port and (c) the offshore submerged multiport outfall, (3) the existing regulations for brine discharge salinity, (4) a comparison between the onsho.
Crystal structure of 4-(4-pyridil)-3,5-dimethylpyrozole hydrate, (C5H4N)CH3(C3N2H)CH3 · H2O

Exxperimental details Thhe H atoms of one water molecule (01W) were located by diffenrence Fourier maps and were refined isotropically. The H atoms off the other water molecule (02W) were not found. The positions of f other hydrogen atoms were calculated. The structure consists of two independent molecules, which have the same composition but slighdy different structures. In the two molecules, the lengths of N—C of pyridyl (py) and C—N and N—N of 3,5-dimethylpyrozole (dipz) axe slightly different. The bond angles ZN-N-C are somewhat different, in one molecule (figure, left) they arc 105.6(2)° and 111.3(2)° while in the other molecule (figure, right) they are 103.8(2) and 113.8(2)°. In I, the bond lengths C—N (1.319(4) A -1.355(3) A ) and N—N (1.336(2) A 1.370(3) A ) of dipz ring agree well with those in similar compounds such as 3,5-dimethylpyrazole in [CioHioNChh • 2H2O (II) [2]. The C—N bond lengths are in the range 1.319(4) A to 1.342(4) A . The bond angles ZN-C-C (106.0(2)° -112.4(2)°) of pz in I are similar to those angles in II, while the bond angles ZC-N-N (103.8(2)° -113.8(2)°) of pz in I are shorter than those in II. The bond angles ZN-C-C are from 124.0(3)° to 126.4(3)°. Since the ligand I has two coordinating moieties, py and dipz, it has more diverse coordination modes than similar compounds (II), namely two monodentate modes, two bidentate modes and one tridentate mode.
ROTATIONAL AND SPIN-ORBIT EFFECTS IN THE DYNAMICS OF O(3PJ)+HYDROCARBON REACTIONS. II. MODELS FOR SPIN-ORBIT PROPENSITIES

The spin-orbit states of OH have been found in part I to be unequally populated in reactions of O(3Pj) with saturated hydrocarbons. We clarify the correlations in these systems within an adiabatic, Ω-conserving approximation, and show that the observed OH spin-orbit distributions are not well reproduced in this adiabatic limit. However, the inclusion of strong nonadiabatic coupling between surfaces of the same Ω and parity results in a much improved prediction. The necessary mixing is demonstrated to be compatible with a previous independent characterization of the entrance channel surfaces in O(3Pj) + CH4 collisions, and with the known propensities for inelastic, j-changing collisions of O(3Pj) with closed shell partners. The nonadiabatic model which agrees best with the observed OH spin-orbit ratios suggests that the O(3Pj) reactivity should vary only moderately with j.
A highly selective turn-on fluorescent probe for iron(II) to visualize labile iron in living cells

Although labile iron plays critical roles in diverse biological processes in living cells, the physiological and pathophysiological functions of iron have not been sufficiently explored, partially due to a lack of methods for visualizing intracellular labile iron. In this edge article, we present a novel turn-on fluorescent probe (RhoNox-1) for the selective detection of Fe2+ based on N-oxide chemistry. Spectroscopic studies combined with DFT calculations and electrochemical studies revealed that fluorescence quenching of RhoNox-1 occurred in physiological conditions, which was attributed to non-radiative deactivation of the excited state of tertiary amine N-oxide substituted xanthene involving a twisted internal charge transfer (TICT) process and partially due to photo-induced electron transfer (PET) from the N-oxide group. RhoNox-1 showed significant enhancement of the fluorescence signal in Fe2+-loaded cells via selective Fe2+-mediated deoxygenation of the N-oxide group and also successfully detected basal and endogenous labile Fe2+ in living cells.
Gasification reactivity and kinetics of typical chinese anthracite chars with steam and CO2

The gasification reactivities of six typical Chinese anthracite chars with steam and CO2 at 0.02−0.1 MPa and 920−1050 °C were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The reactivities of anthracite chars during steam gasification were found to have a good correlation to the coal volatile matter contents. The higher the coal volatile matter content, the higher the reactivity. The difference in reactivities of anthracite chars during CO2 gasification seems to be more dependent on the catalytic effect of inherent minerals in anthracite. The results show that the greater the alkali index, the higher the reactivity. The reactivities of demineralized anthracite chars vary very little compared with those the undemineralized chars at higher temperatures, whereas the reactivities of demineralized chars from Jincheng and Rujigou are lower than those of undemineralized ones and the reactivities of demineralized chars from Yangquan, Hunan, Guangdong, and Longyan are higher than those of undemineralized.
Structure ofA2Ge4O9-Type Sodium Tetragermanate (Na2Ge4O9) and Comparison with Other Alkali Germanate and Silicate Mixed Tetrahedral–Octahedral Framework Structures

Long-standing uncertainty on the structure type of Na2Ge4O9has been resolved. Sodium tetragermanate has been grown by crystallization from a supercooled melt and its single-crystal X-ray structure has been determined (R=0.022). Sodium tetragermanate is trigonal witha=11.3234(12),c=9.6817(9) A, space groupP3c1,Z=6, andDx=4.451 g cm−3. The structure is comprised of a mixed tetrahedral–octahedral framework with three-membered [Ge3O9] rings of GeO4tetrahedra interconnected by isolated GeO6octahedra via shared corners and isA2Ge4O9-type. Bond distances and angles for GeO4tetrahedra and GeO6octahedra are very similar to the corresponding values in the type structure of K2Ge4O9, the two structures differing mainly in the accommodation of the smaller (medium–large-sized) Na cation, which is now in a 5+2 coordination. The structure–composition relationships of wadeite-type,A2Ge4O9-type, and Na2Si4O9-type structures of germanates and silicates depend largely on theT–O distance and the size of the monovalent cation. We confirm that sodium tetragermanate is a metastable phase at all pressures up to 2 kbar, the stable assemblage for the Na2Ge4O9composition being sodium enneagermanate (Na4Ge9O20) plus a more sodic phase.
Value and limitations of fine-needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis and classification of lymphomas: A review.

The fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) depends upon finding a relatively monotonous population of lymphoid cells in smears. Lymphomas have successfully been classified by FNA cytology following the prevalent histologic classifications. The success rate of FNA cytology ranges from 80%-90% in diagnosis of NHL and from 67.5%-86% in its subtyping. The cytodiagnosis of Hodgkin's disease (HD) depends upon demonstration of Reed-Sternberg cells or Hodgkin's cells amongst appropriate reactive cell components. The diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology for HD has also been invariably high (>85%). Yet, the role of cytology in primary diagnosis, subclassification and management of patients with lymphoma remains controversial. The differential diagnostic problems for NHL include a group of small round cell tumors, nonlymphoid acute leukemias and HD. Reservations have been expressed regarding the efficacy of cytology in separating florid reactive hyperplasia from low-grade malignant lymphoma. The reported cytodiagnostic accuracy for follicular lymphomas and nodular sclerosis type of HD is less compared to other subtypes of NHL and HD respectively since nodular pattern and sclerosis are strict histologic criteria which can not be appreciated in cytologic preparations. Entities like atypical lymphoproliferative disorders, peripheral T-cell lymphomas and Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphomas pose diagnostic challenges to cytologists. Despite these limitations, FNA cytology remains the first line of investigations (screening test) used in cases of lymphadenopathy. Besides initial diagnosis of lymphoma, it helps in detection of residual disease, recurrences and progression of low-grade to high-grade lymphoma, and helps in staging the disease. Availability of prior FNA cytology report facilitates the histologic diagnosis and classification of NHL. Various special ancillary techniques are now being performed on lymph node aspirates to diagnose lymphoma versus other malignancies, and to decide the functional character of lymphomas and their clonal nature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:240-249.
Measuring Business Cycles Approximate Band-Pass Filters for Economic Time Series

This paper develops a set of approximate band-pass filters designed for use in a wide range of economic applications. In particular, we design and implement a specific band-pass filter which isolates business-cycle fluctuations in macroeconomic time series. This filter was designed to isolate fluctuations in the data which persist for periods of two through eight years. This filter also 'detrends' the data, in the sense that it will render stationary time series that are integrated of order two or less, or that contain deterministic time trends. We apply our filter to several of the key macroeconomic time series, and describe the picture of the U.S. postwar business cycle that emerges from our analysis. We also provide detailed comparisons with several alternative detrending methods.
Late complications of therapy in 213 children with localized, nonorbital soft-tissue sarcoma of the head and neck: A descriptive report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies (IRS)-II and - III

Background. This review of children and adolescents with nonorbital soft-tissue sarcoma of the head and neck was undertaken to describe late sequelae of treatment, as manifested primarily by problems with statural growth, facial and nuchal symmetry, dentition, vision and hearing, and school performance, Procedure. Four hundred sixty-nine patients entered the IRS-II and -III protocols with localized, nonorbital soft-tissue sarcomas of the head and neck from 1978 through 1987, Their overall survival rate was 53% (250/469) at 5 years. Two hundred thirteen patients were surviving relapse free 5 or more years after diagnosis, for whom there were serial height measurements at 2 or more years after initiation of therapy. Their me dian age at diagnosis was 5 years; the median length of follow-up was 7 years. All received multiple-agent chemotherapy, and all but 3 received irradiation to the primary tumor volume Sixty-eight percent of the tumors arose in cranial parameningeal sites, 22% in nonparameningeal sites, and 10% in the neck. We reviewed flow sheets submitted to the IRS Group Statisti cal Office to ascertain which late sequelae were recorded. Results. One hundred sixty-four patients (77%) had one or more problems recorded. One hundred ninety of the two hundred thirteen patients (89%) were under 15 years of age at study entry, and at follow-up 92 (48%) had failed to maintain their initial height velocity, which had decreased by more than 25 percentile points from the original value. Thirty-six of the one hundred ninety patients (19%) were receiving growth hormone injections.
The Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relation and the volcano plot for ammonia synthesis over transition metal catalysts

Abstract Using density functional calculations we show that there is an essentially linear relationship between the activation energy for N2 dissociation and the binding energy of atomic nitrogen on a range of transition metal surfaces. This relation, known as the Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi relation, is further shown to depend on the structure of the active site. The consequences of the Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi relation in terms of the kinetics of the ammonia synthesis process under industrial conditions are discussed, and it is shown that the relation leads to a volcano-type dependence of the catalytic activity on the nitrogen heat of adsorption. The results show that density functional calculations can predict the relative catalytic activity of different transition metals.
Conservation of the Juan Fernandez firecrown and its island habitat

Abstract The Juan Fernandez Islands constitute two distantly separated (182 km) major islands, of which Isla Robinson Crusoe is the closest (667 km) to the Chilean mainland, and a number of smaller surrounding islets. The endemic Juan Fernandez firecrown Sephanoides fernandensis once inhabited both major islands and numbered many thousands. Today it exists only on Isla Robinson Crusoe and numbers just a few hundred. Another hummingbird, the green-backed firecrown S. sephaniodes, inhabits this island but also occurs on the mainland. The islands are in ecological meltdown as a result of the removal of much of the native (largely endemic) biota. This degradation has been exacerbated by introduced herbivorous and carnivorous mammals, which are extirpating all that remains. In a previous investigation the authors assessed the evolutionary relationships and genetic variation in the Juan Fernandez firecrown population. They showed that the species: (i) is a relative of the high Andean hummingbirds; (ii) is a close sister species of the green-backed firecrown; (iii) dispersed to the islands approximately 0.5–1 million years ago, unlike the green-backed firecrown, which is probably a very recent invader; (iv) maintains some genetic variation, although significantly lower than that found in the green-backed firecrown island population. Because of their relatively recent divergence the authors aimed to find out if the two species compete for resources. In addition, they assessed the conservation options for the Juan Fernandez firecrown and provided recommendations for its management. They concluded that the survival of the Juan Fernandez firecrown is inextricably linked to the holistic restoration of ecosystem/ community function of the island. The initial step must involve the removal of introduced mammals, followed by replanting of native flora. Although the authors do not support the use of captive propagation as a general conservation tool, they believe that, because the Juan Fernandez firecrown is composed of only one small population that is under extreme threat of extinction, a captive population should be established.
Principles of Sensorial Radical Detection-A Minireview

ABSTRACT For the short-lived species nitric oxide and superoxide various sensor approaches for their detection have been reviewed. Sensors provide access to a time and spatially resolved analysis basing a deeper insight into the physiological role and interaction of both radicals. Superoxide sensing is mainly based on electrodes modified with cytochrome c or superoxide dismutase as recognition elements. For NO quantification optrodes as well as electrodes can be used, with a higher sensitivity for the latter. Electrodes were modified with transition metal complexes, simple gas permeable membranes or heme proteins.