Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Early Stimulation of Bone Tissue Neo-Formation for Critical Size Elimination Defects in the Maxillofacial Region

A biomaterial is proposed for closing extensive bone defects in the maxillofacial region. The composition of the biomaterial includes high-molecular chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronate, heparin, alginate, and inorganic nanostructured hydroxyapatite. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate morphological and histological early signs of reconstruction of a bone cavity of critical size. The studies were carried out on 84 white female rats weighing 200–250 g. The study group consisted of 84 animals in total, 40 in the experimental group and 44 in the control group. In all animals, three-walled bone defects measuring 0.5 × 0.4 × 0.5 cm3 were applied subperiosteally in the region of the angle of the lower jaw and filled in the experimental group using lyophilized gel mass of chitosan–alginate–hydroxyapatite (CH–SA–HA). In control animals, the bone cavities were filled with their own blood clots after bone trepanation and bleeding. The periods for monitoring bone regeneration were 3, 5, and 7 days and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks. The control of bone regeneration was carried out using multiple morphological and histological analyses. Results showed that the following process is an obligatory process and is accompanied by the binding and release of angiogenic implantation: the chitosan construct actively replaced early-stage defects with the formation of full-fledged new bone tissue compared to the control group. By the 7th day, morphological analysis showed that the formation of spongy bone tissue could be seen. After 2 weeks, there was a pronounced increase in bone volume (p < 0.01), and at 6 weeks after surgical intervention, the closure of the defect was 70–80%; after 8 weeks, it was 100% without violation of bone morphology with a high degree of mineralization. Thus, the use of modified chitosan after filling eliminates bone defects of critical size in the maxillofacial region, revealing early signs of bone regeneration, and serves as a promising material in reconstructive dentistry.
Prenatal Cannabinoid Exposure Elicits Memory Deficits Associated with Reduced PSA-NCAM Expression, Altered Glutamatergic Signaling, and Adaptations in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity

Cannabis is now one of the most commonly used illicit substances among pregnant women. This is particularly concerning since developmental exposure to cannabinoids can elicit enduring neurofunctional and cognitive alterations. This study investigates the mechanisms of learning and memory deficits resulting from prenatal cannabinoid exposure (PCE) in adolescent offspring. The synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 was administered to pregnant rats, and a series of behavioral, electrophysiological, and immunochemical studies were performed to identify potential mechanisms of memory deficits in the adolescent offspring. Hippocampal-dependent memory deficits in adolescent PCE animals were associated with decreased long-term potentiation (LTP) and enhanced long-term depression (LTD) at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, as well as an imbalance between GluN2A- and GluN2B-mediated signaling. Moreover, PCE reduced gene and protein expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialylated-NCAM (PSA-NCAM), which are critical for GluN2A and GluN2B signaling balance. Administration of exogenous PSA abrogated the LTP deficits observed in PCE animals, suggesting PSA mediated alterations in GluN2A- and GluN2B- signaling pathways may be responsible for the impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity resulting from PCE. These findings enhance our current understanding of how PCE affects memory and how this process can be manipulated for future therapeutic purposes.
Reformas de las pensiones públicas y privadas en España: Persiguiendo la solvencia y la suficiencia

espanolEl sistema publico de pensiones espanol ha sido sometido a una serie de reformas de gran calado, tanto parametricas como estructurales, durante los anos 2011 y 2013. Estas reformas conllevan una mejora de la solvencia del sistema que garantiza la viabilidad del mismo, pero implican ademas una disminucion en el poder adquisitivo de los pensionistas presentes y futuros. Este hecho implica una necesidad de ahorrar para complementar la pension publica de jubilacion. El tratamiento fiscal favorable de las cantidades destinadas al ahorro finalista se ha considerado como un instrumento incentivador del ahorro, y la reforma del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Fisicas de 2014 conlleva modificaciones que afectan a los sistemas complementarios de prevision social. En este trabajo analizaremos tanto el efecto que, sobre la solvencia y la suficiencia de las pensiones publicas y privadas, han tenido la reforma del sistema de pensiones espanol, como el tratamiento fiscal del ahorro de 2014. EnglishThe Spanish public pension system has been subjected to some major reforms, both parametric and structural, during the years 2011 and 2013. These reforms entail to improve the solvency of the system by ensuring its viability, but also involve a decrease in the purchasing power of today and future pensioners. This fact implies a saving necessity to supplement the public retirement pension. The favorable fiscal treatment of the amounts of money destined to finalist savings has been considered as an incentive instrument, and the reform of the Personal Income Tax in Spain in 2014 involves chan-ges that affect the complementary social security systems. In this paper we will analyze both the effects of the reform of the Spanish pensions system on the solvency and sufficiency of public and private pensions, and the tax treatment of savings in 2014.
Mechanistic Studies on Aluminum-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Alternating Copolymerization of Maleic Anhydride with Epoxides: Ligand Effects and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Model

Previous work has indicated that aluminum (Al) complexes supported by a bipyridine bisphenolate (BpyBph) ligand exhibit higher activity in the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of maleic anhydride (MAH) and propylene oxide (PO) than their salen counterparts. Such a ligand effect in Al-catalyzed MAH-PO copolymerization reactions has yet to be clarified. Herein, the origin and applicability of the ligand effect have been explored by density functional theory, based on the mechanistic analysis for chain initiation and propagation. We found that the lower LUMO energy of the (BpyBph)AlCl complex accounts for its higher activity than the (salen)AlCl counterpart in MAH/epoxide copolymerizations. Inspired by the ligand effect, a structure-energy model was further established for catalytic activity (TOF value) predictions. It is found that the LUMO energies of aluminum chloride complexes and their average NBO charges of coordinating oxygen atoms correlate with the catalytic activity (TOF value) of Al complexes (R2 value of 0.98 and ‘3-fold’ cross-validation Q2 value of 0.88). This verified that such a ligand effect is generally applicable in anhydride/epoxide ROCOP catalyzed by aluminum complex and provides hints for future catalyst design.
Earthquake destructiveness potential factor and slope stability

This note presents a mathematical analysis procedure to estimate earthquake-induced displacements of embankments and slopes. It approximates the effects of the main seismic factors governing the stability of slopes by introducing the earthquake destructiveness potential factor Pd, which the authors claim to provide the most information on ground motion for the purpose of predicting the cumulative displacement of a slope. Pd is defined as the ratio between the Arias intensity and the square of the number of zero crossings per second of the accelerogram. Empirical regression equations were formulated for Pd in terms of the displacement of Newmark's rigid block vibrating horizontally with completely asymmetrical resistance; they were derived by analysing 310 horizontal components of actual accelerograms. In addition, graphs were obtained for calculating the seismic coefficients kc, which are needed to define the sliding surface, and the correction terms for estimating the displacements. This was done for the most important practical cases: (1) homogeneous infinite slope; (2) local plane slope failure; and (3) local log-spiral slope failure. Illustrative examples are given.
Reduction of the Ambient UV-B Radiation in the High-Arctic Increases Fv/Fm in Salix arctica and Vaccinium uliginosum and Reduces Stomatal Conductance and Internal CO2 Concentration in Salix arctica

Abstract This study investigates effects of reducing the ambient UV radiation on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of two shrub species, Salix arctica and Vaccinium uliginosum, in a high arctic heath in Northeast Greenland in July and August. On two sites films, Mylar and Lexan, were used to reduce UV-B radiation and UV-B + A radiation, respectively. A UV transparent film, Teflon, and no film were used as controls. Field measurements showed that the plants under Teflon, Mylar, and Lexan received approximately 91, 39, and 17% of the ambient UV-B irradiance, respectively. Reduced UV radiation increased maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in both species. The responses varied in significance according to species, sites and time of growing season. Net assimilation (Pn), measured as net CO2 uptake, was not significantly affected. But over the whole growing season stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2concentration were decreased by both UV treatments. The underlying mechanisms for these results are discussed. PAR-irradiance had a negative influence on the absolute values of Fv/Fm. A positive correlation was found between Fv/Fm and Pn measured at ambient CO2-level. It is concluded that it cannot be excluded, that the observed short-term effects could result in long-term negative effects on growth and survival for the investigated species.
Retrospective analysis of perineal herniorrhaphy with cone-shaped polypropylene mesh in dogs: technique description and outcome

Introduction This study aimed to describe the technique for the surgical repair of perineal hernia (PH) in dogs using a polypropylene mesh (PM) and to evaluate its outcomes. Methods All dogs were placed in the Trendelenburg position. Castration and caudal celiotomy for cystopexy and colopexy were performed as needed. Ipsilateral perianal incision was performed in the affected hernia side. A PM was formed a cone-shape with suturing and placed in hernial foramen. The PH was repaired with suturing between PH and pelvic diaphragm including the sacrotuberous ligament, internal obturator muscle, and external anal sphincter muscle. The medical records of all dogs were reviewed to evaluate signalment, perioperative findings, postoperative complications, and prognosis. Results Of the 22 dogs, 15 were intact, and 7 were previously neutered. The median age and body weight were 10 years and 6.8 kg, respectively. The PH reconstruction using a cone-shaped PM was feasible in all dogs. The median operative time was 60.5 min for unilateral PH and 109 min for bilateral PH. Major postoperative complications occurred in seven dogs (32%), and three dogs (14%) had a recurrence of PH. In the long-term (> 2 weeks) follow-up period, 16 dogs (73%) had an excellent prognosis. Discussion Our study suggests that PH reconstruction surgery using a cone-shaped PM may be a viable treatment method for PH in dogs. Therefore, a cone-shaped PM could serve as an alternative treatment option for canine PH reconstruction.
Radiocarbon Dating of Aghios Antonios, Potos, and Intersite Chronological Variability in South Thasos, Greece

Radiocarbon dates obtained for the coastal hilltop settlement of Aghios Antonios Potos in south Thasos are statistically treated to define the absolute chronology for the start and the end of the various habitation and cultural phases at the site. The location was first occupied during the Final Neolithic (FN) between 3800 and 3600 BC, extending this much contested phase to the lowest up to now record for Thasos and the northern Greece. The site is continuously inhabited from Early Bronze Age I until the early Late Bronze Age (LBA; 1363 BC) when it was abandoned. Comparison with other sites in Thasos and particularly with the inland site of Kastri Theologos showed that the first occupation at Aghios Antonios came soon after the abandonment of Kastri in the beginning of the 4th millennium. In fact, after the decline and abandonment of Aghios Antonios in the LBA, the site of Kastri was reinhabited, leading to the hypothesis that part of the coastal population moved inland. The presumed chronological sequence of alternate habitation between the two settlements may evoke explanations for sociocultural and/or environmental dynamics behind population movements in prehistoric Thasos. A major conclusion of the project is that the 4th millennium occupation gap attested in many sites of Greece, especially in the north, is probably bridged in south Thasos, when the data from all sites are taken together. The mobility of people in Final Neolithic south Thasos may explain the general phenomenon of limited occupational sequences in the FN of north Greece.
At the Crossroads at Midnight: Strategic Human Resource Management now

We argue that the study of human resource management is at a crossroads. The elements of the original Harvard model by Beer et al (1984) were quickly distilled by researchers into the two central subjects of policy choices and short-term outcomes and the more challenging antecedents of stakeholder interest and situational factors, and the long-term consequences of organizational effectiveness and individual and societal well-being were almost lost. The development of Strategic HRM and a focus on short-term performance have been part of a narrowly defined managerialist agenda much more line with the ‘road’ presented in the Michigan model by Fombrun et al (1984). We argue for a return to the original Harvard model and indicate some of the current research leading in that direction.
Scaling of time‐dependent stagnant lid convection: Application to small‐scale convection on Earth and other terrestrial planets

Small-scale convection associated with instabilities at the bottom of the lithospheric plates on the Earth and other terrestrial planets occurs in the stagnant lid regime of temperature-dependent viscosity convection. Systematic numerical simulations of time-dependent, internally heated stagnant lid convection suggest simple scaling relationships for a variety of convective parameters and in a broad range of power law viscosities. Application of these scaling relationships to the Earth's oceanic lithosphere shows that for either diffusion or dislocation viscosity of olivine, convective instabilities occur in the lower part of the lithosphere between 85 and 100 km depth (the rheological sublayer). “Wet” olivine satisfies constraints on the heat flux and mantle temperature better than “dry” olivine, supporting the view that the upper mantle of the Earth is wet. This is also consistent with the fact that the rheological sublayer is located below the Gutenberg discontinuity which was proposed to represent a sharp change in water content. The viscosity of asthenosphere is (3–6)×1018 Pa s, consistent with previous estimates. The velocities of cold plumes are relatively high reaching several meters per year in the dislocation creep regime. A low value of the heat flux in old continental cratons suggests that continental lithosphere might be convectively stable unless it is perturbed by processes associated with plate tectonics and hot plumes. The absence of plate tectonics on other terrestrial planets and the low heat transport efficiency of stagnant lid convection can lead to widespread melting during the thermal evolution of the terrestrial planets. If the terrestrial planets are dry, small-scale convection cannot occur at subsolidus temperatures.
Preliminary results of the FATMOSE atmospheric propagation trials in the False Bay, South Africa, November 2009-July 2010

The FATMOSE trial (FAlse-bay ATMOSpheric Experiment) running over a period from November 2009 to July 2010, was a continuation of the cooperation between TNO and IMT on atmospheric propagation and point target detection and identification in a maritime environment. Instruments were installed for measuring scintillation, blurring- and refraction effects over a 15.7 km path over sea. Simultaneously, a set of instruments was installed on a mid-path lighthouse for collecting local meteorological data, including scintillation, sea surface temperature and visibility. The measurements covered summer and winter conditions with a prevailing high wind speed from the South East, bringing in maritime air masses. The weather conditions included variations in the Air-Sea Temperature Difference (ASTD), that may affect the vertical temperature gradient in the atmospheric boundary layer, causing refraction effects in the lightpath. This was measured with a theodolite camera, providing absolute Angles of Arrival (AOA). Blur data were collected with a high resolution camera system with 10 bits dynamic range. Specially designed image analysis software allows determination of the atmospheric blur, while simultaneously providing information on the Scintillation Index (S.I.). This S.I. was also measured by using the Multiband Spectral Radiometer Transmissometer (MSRT). The ratio of the transmission levels of this instrument contains information on the size distribution of the aerosols along the path. In the paper, experimental details on the set-up and the instrumentation are given as well as the methods of analysis. Preliminary results are shown, including a comparison of measured blur and scintillation data with Cn 2 data from the scintillometer, correlation between AOA and ASTD and comparison of transmission data with data from the visibility meter. Blur and scintillation data are compared with predictions from standard turbulence model predictions, using Cn 2. In future studies the data will be used for validation of propagation models such as EOSTAR.
Mechanisation of pre-flowering leaf removal under temperate climate conditions

Grapevine leaf removal (LR) in the cluster area is a common practice in temperate and cool climates, usually done between berry-set and cluster closure to create a less favourable microclimate for fungal diseases and to improve grape ripening. When applied before flowering, LR affects berry-set and is, therefore, an effective yield-control tool, reducing time-consuming manual cluster thinning; it also improves berry structure and composition (i.e., total soluble sugars [TSS], titratable acidity [TA] and polyphenols) (VanderWeide et al., 2021). The present five-year trial follows a previous study about pre-flowering LR under identical environmental conditions (Verdenal et al., 2019); it validates the sustainability of moderate pre-flowering LR and its possible mechanisation under Swiss climatic conditions, using low-pressure double airflow.
A Geostatistical Framework for Quantifying the Temporal Evolution and Predictability of Rainfall Fields

AbstractA geostatistical framework for quantifying the temporal evolution and predictability of rainfall fields for time lags between 5 min and 3 h is proposed. The method is based on the computation of experimental space–time variogram maps of radar reflectivity fields. Two new metrics for quantifying temporal innovation and predictability based on minimum semivariance values at different time lags are proposed. The method is applied to high-resolution composite radar reflectivity maps over the United States to study the evolution of 25 convective and 25 stratiform events during the warm season of 2014. Results show that the temporal innovation can be modeled as the sum of two exponential functions of time lag, with approximately 50% of the total innovation occurring over the first 60 min. The median predictable scales for convective events are on the order of 1.6 km at 5 min, 5 km at 15 min, and 12.7 km at 1 h. Furthermore, the optimal time lag for predicting future innovation, taking into account measu.
Stable isotopes of precipitation and spring waters reveal an altitude effect in the Anti‐Lebanon Mountains, Syria

Stable isotopes (deuterium and oxygen‐18) of precipitation and four springs of the Figeh spring system were studied between March 2011 and July 2012 in the karstic Anti‐Lebanon Mountains in Western Syria. Almost two thirds of the drinking‐water supply of Damascus City, the capital of Syria, is being exploited from the Figeh spring system. About 70 samples were collected from precipitation, and 1000 samples from springs in at least weekly time resolution. Observed mean values for Figeh spring system agree well with published data from earlier studies and are between −8.7‰ and −7.3‰ for δ18O and −50‰ and −40‰ for δ2H. Time series indicate seasonal patterns and short‐term influences, reflecting direct contribution from fast runoff components during snowmelt. Deuterium excess values between 23‰ and 14‰ for the spring samples correspond to precipitation originating from the Mediterranean Sea. Own precipitation collected over one season at two stations leads to altitude effects of −0.14‰/100 m and −1.15‰/100 m for δ18O and δ2H, respectively, which are lower than those reported in earlier work. Mean catchment altitudes were estimated using values for low‐flow periods, which lead to 1800 m a.s. l. for Figeh Main spring, 1500 m a.s. l. for Haroush spring and about 1100 m a.s. l. for the springs Kefar Aloumed and Ein Habeeb. Stable isotope concentrations uniquely characterize springs that are located close together, and estimated recharge catchment altitudes allow a profound risk management. Catchment altitude estimations strongly depend on a proper description of precipitation stable isotope input. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Healthcare Utilization of Below Poverty Line Population under Government-Funded Health Protection Scheme in One Sub- district in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Md. Zahid Hasan (  m.zahidhasan3@gmail.com ) International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-8947 Mohammed Wahid Ahmed ICDDRB: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh Gazi Golam Mehdi ICDDRB: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh Jahangir A. M. Khan University of Gothenburg Ziaul Islam International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh Mahabub Elahi Chowdhury International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh Sayem Ahmed Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine