Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Ventenata dubia in the inland Pacific Northwest with indaziflam

Abstract Ventenata [Ventenata dubia (Leers) Cross] is a winter annual grass relatively new to the inland Pacific Northwest that is capable of displacing desired vegetation. Indaziflam was evaluated for the management of V. dubia on two Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) sites near Moscow, ID, and Pullman, WA. While perennial grasses were dormant, applications of indaziflam in mixture with various herbicides were made in spring 2016. Treatment effects were evaluated for 2 yr by visual assessments of community composition and canopy cover of V. dubia and other non-weedy species (assessments occurred 3 to 6 mo after treatment, depending on location) and by representative cover class assessments. Biomass samples of all plant species were collected in the summer of 2017. Reduced V. dubia cover was observed in 2016, except when glyphosate was used alone. In 2017 indaziflam applied alone or in mixture with rimsulfuron effectively controlled V. dubia with minimal impact on desirable vegetation. Plant biomass from nontreated plots averaged 40 g m–2 for V. dubia and 100 to 179 g m–2 for perennial grasses. Plant biomass averaged <11 g m–2 for V. dubia and 371 to 490 g m–2 for perennial grasses when indaziflam at 102 g ai ha–1 plus glyphosate at 474 g ai ha–1 was applied. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) biomass was positively associated with the reduction of V. dubia, and there was a decrease in diversity associated with the removal of V. dubia through effective treatments. Indaziflam is an effective tool for the management of V. dubia in perennial grass stands, and spring applications of indaziflam should be in mixture with herbicides with POST activity.
GENERAL PROFILE AND SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES OF HIV PATIENTS REGISTERED AT ANTI RETROVIRAL THERAPY CENTRE, NEW CIVIL HOSPITAL, SURAT, GUJARAT

Introduction: With advent of Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) life of HIV positive patients has prolonged. In pre ART era survival probability of HIV patients was well studied but very few studies are documented on survival probability of HIV patients on ART. The current paper is an attempt to describe general profile of adult HIV patients and provide an estimate of survival probabilities following the time of diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy and its relation with WHO staging and CD4 count. Methodology: Analysis of secondary data of ART centre, New Civil Hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India was carried in January 2011. Individuals with age >15 years and had required information for analysis were included. Death of HIV patient was considered as outcome. Descriptive statistics to describe general profile, Kaplan Meier Method for survival probability and Log rank test for significance was used. Cox's proportional hazards used to look for association between variables and survival. Results: The proportions of males were 66%. Age group 25-45years contributes 77% of cases. Majority of patients were married (75%). Survival probability after 15 years of diagnosis of HIV was 83%. The 4 year survival probability was 88% after the start of ART. The crude mortality rate was 8.6%. The mortality density was 10.8 per 1000 person years. The marital status and gender were not associated with survival. WHO clinical staging 3 and 4, CD4 count 55 yrs have poor survival. There was significant difference in survival among different WHO clinical stages but no significant difference in survival between CD4 count 200 to 250, 250 to 350, 350 to 500 and
The carbonic anhydrase activity of sinking and suspended particles in the North Pacific Ocean

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) is crucial to many physiological processes involving CO2, from photosynthesis and respiration, to calcification and CaCO3 dissolution. We present new measurements of CA activity along a North Pacific transect, on samples from in situ pumps, sediment traps, discreet plankton samples from the ship's underway seawater line, plankton tows, and surface sediment samples from multicores. CA activity is highest in the surface ocean and decreases with depth, both in suspended and sinking particles. Subpolar gyre surface particles exhibit 10× higher CA activity per liter of seawater compared to subtropical gyre surface particles. Activity persists to 4700 m in the subpolar gyre, but only to 1000 m in the subtropics. All sinking CA activity normalized to particulate organic carbon (POC) follows a single relationship (CA/POC = 1.9 ± 0.2 × 10−7 mol mol−1). This relationship is consistent with CA/POC values in subpolar plankton tow material, suspended particles, and core top sediments. We hypothesize that most subpolar CA activity is associated with rapidly sinking diatom blooms, consistent with a large mat of diatomaceous material identified on the seafloor. Compared to the basin‐wide sinking CA/POC relationship, a lower subtropical CA/POC suggests that the inventory of subtropical biomass is different in composition from exported material. Pteropods also demonstrate substantial CA activity. Scaled to the volume within pteropod shells, first‐order CO2 hydration rate constants are elevated ≥ 1000× above background. This kinetic enhancement is large enough to catalyze carbonate dissolution within microenvironments, providing observational evidence for CA‐catalyzed, respiration‐driven CaCO3 dissolution in the shallow North Pacific.
Platelets Fuel the Inflammasome Activation of Innate Immune Cells

The inflammasomes control the bioactivity of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family. The inflammasome assembled by NLRP3 has been predominantly studied in homogenous cell populations in vitro, neglecting the influence of cellular interactions that occur in vivo. Here, we show that platelets, the second most abundant cells in the blood, boost the inflammasome capacity of human macrophages and neutrophils, and are critical for IL-1 production by monocytes. Platelets license NLRP3 transcription, thereby enhancing ASC nucleation, caspase-1 activity, and IL-1β maturation. Platelet depletion attenuated LPS-induced IL-1β in vivo, and platelet counts correlate with plasma concentrations of IL-1β in malaria patients. Furthermore, a platelet gene signature was enriched among the highest expressed transcripts in IL-1β-driven autoinflammatory diseases. The platelet-mediated enhancement of inflammasome activation was independent of cell-to-cell contacts, platelet-derived lipid mediators, purines, nucleic acids and a host of platelet cytokines, and involved the triggering of calcium sensing receptors on macrophages by a calcium-dependent protein commonly released by platelets and megakaryocytes. Finally, we report that platelets provide an additional layer of regulation of inflammasomes in vivo.
Spontaneous thrombosis of aneurysm and posterior cerebral artery

Aneurysms originating in the posterior cerebral artery have particularities which distinguish them from aneurysms in other intracranial circulation vessels. They are also rare, representing only 0.7% to 2.3% of all intracranial aneurysms, with an even greater tendency to be large or giant. Partial thrombosis of giant aneurysms is a relatively common phenomenon, however total thrombosis is an infrequent phenomenon. This is a case of a patient who presented with visual deficits associated with seizures. Upon complementary investigation he was diagnosed with a giant aneurysm, partially thrombosed, in the posterior cerebral artery. That patient was referred to our department to perform endovascular treatment. A magnetic resonance imaging was then performed and showed a total thrombosis of the lesion with occlusion of the carrier vessel. To confirm this fact, a new cerebral angiography was performed which confirmed the spontaneous occlusion of the aneurysm and the posterior cerebral artery. This situation, with occlusion of the aneurysm and its vessel of origin represents a rare event, with only a few cases reported in the literature.
The human CD8 T stem cell-like memory phenotype appears in the acute phase in Yellow Fever virus vaccination

Long-term memory is a fundamental feature of cytotoxic CD8 T cell immunity. Yet when do memory cells arise, especially in humans, is poorly documented, the pathways of effector / memory cell differentiation being largely debated. Based on a cross-sectional study, we previously reported that the live-attenuated Yellow Fever virus vaccine YF-17D induces a stem cell-like memory (SCM) CD8 T cell population persisting for at least 25 years. Here we present longitudinal data revealing that an activated SCM phenotype is distinctly detectable early on following YF-17D vaccination, i.e. at the same time as activated effector cells. In the long-run, the cells that express the transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF1) preferentially persist, consistent with the role of TCF1 in memory establishment. By performing t-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding of flow cytometry data on standard differentiation and activation markers, we obtained a time-lapse representation of the dynamics of the CD8 T cell response: SCM cells appear early and remain closely related to the baseline Naive cells, while effector cells burst out of baseline and gradually contract after the peak of the response. Altogether, we observe heterogeneity in differentiation phenotypes in both the acute phase and the decade-long-term phases, including cells with memory phenotypes very early in the response. As opposed to models where memory cells develop from effector cells, our data support differentiation models where long-term memory cells are established by the early decision to retain proximity to the Naive state in a memory-dedicated pool of cells.
m6A minimally impacts the structure, dynamics, and Rev ARM binding properties of HIV-1 RRE stem IIB

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a ubiquitous RNA post-transcriptional modification found in coding as well as non-coding RNAs. m6A has also been found in viral RNAs where it is proposed to modulate host-pathogen interactions. Two m6A sites have been reported in the HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) stem IIB, one of which was shown to enhance binding to the viral protein Rev and viral RNA export. However, because these m6A sites have not been observed in other studies mapping m6A in HIV-1 RNA, their significance remains to be firmly established. Here, using optical melting experiments, NMR spectroscopy, and in vitro binding assays, we show that m6A minimally impacts the stability, structure, and dynamics of RRE stem IIB as well as its binding affinity to the Rev arginine-rich-motif (ARM). Our results indicate that if present in stem IIB, m6A is unlikely to modulate RRE-Rev interaction by altering the conformational properties of the RNA. Our results add to a growing view that the impact of m6A on RNA depends on sequence context and Mg2+.
Habitat Selection and Genetic Structure of the Endangered Frog Species Odorrana wuchuanensis (Anura: Ranidae)

Understanding the habitat selection and population genetic structure of an endangered species can play important roles in its protection. The Wuchuan odorous frog (Odorrana wuchuanensis) is endemic to the karst regions of southwest China. This frog is currently listed as “Critically Endangered” by the IUCN, but little is known about its habitat selection and population genetics. In this study, we conducted analyses of habitat selection with occurrence/absence sites and environmental data, and assessed the genetic structure between north and south populations in Guizhou provinces in China using three mitochondrial markers. The results revealed that the probability of this frog occupying cave habitats increased with higher average humidity in July and higher lowest temperature in January, but was negatively related to precipitation in January. Analyses of F statistics combined with analyses of median-joining haplotype networks and the phylogenetic tree showed low genetic differentiation between the two populations of O. wuchuanensis. Considering the small population size and geographic isolation because of the complex karst terrains, we suggest careful management practices are needed to protect this species.
Mean indicator values suggest decreasing habitat quality in Swiss dry grasslands and are robust to relocation error

Resurveys of historical plots are important to study vegetation changes over time. However, there is a high potential of relocation error, as historical plots were usually not permanently marked, which might result in misleading interpretations of changes. Quasi-permanent plots can relatively well be relocated, because of available information on their position (e.g. GPS coordinates). This minimizes relocation error. Quasi-permanent plots have thus been suggested to be suitable for vegetation resurveys. Land-use abandonment and intensification are the major drivers of habitat degradation and thereby cause biodiversity loss. To counteract the ongoing decline of biodiversity in Swiss grasslands, the dry grasslands of national importance, comprising a total of 3631 sites across Switzerland (0.5% of its total area) were legally protected in 2010. These grassland sites represent various vegetation types and cover a wide elevational gradient. From 1995 to 2006, several thousand quasi-permanent vegetation plots of 28 m2 were surveyed in the nationally important dry grassland sites. For each plot, GPS coordinates and a metric measure of post-processed GPS inaccuracy were recorded. In a set of 384 sites, 538 of the historical plots were resurveyed between 2011 and 2017. We tested the effects of GPS inaccuracy and elevation on temporal changes of species richness, species turnover and mean ecological indicator values. Overall, mean indicator values for light and stress significantly decreased, and those for moisture, nutrients and ruderality significantly increased within only one decade. However, the temporal change of the mean indicator values for nutrients and moisture was more pronounced at higher than at lower elevation, indicating a particularly strong decrease of habitat quality at high elevation sites. While changes of in mean indicator values were largely robust to relocation error, the temporal turnover of key species significantly increased with increasing GPS inaccuracy. These results indicate that quasi-permanent plots are suitable to study changes in mean indicator values, but probably not to compare species composition and turnover across time.
The effect of diet types on some quality characteristics of artificially reared Apis mellifera queens

The influence of various diets on the quality of Apis mellifera queens was assessed. Colonies intended for queen cell production were assigned to four groups fed on (1) sugar-only, (2) mix of sugar, honey and fresh pollen, (3) sugar and pollen substitute (FeedBee®), and (4) natural sources. In addition, a fifth group had queen cells obtained naturally, by swarming. Sugar-only diet exerted a significant (p < 0.05) stimulating effect on the acceptance of queen cells and the weight of newly emerged queens, not affecting mated queens. Among mated queens those raised by bees fed on the mix of sugar, honey and fresh pollen had significantly (p < 0.05) larger numbers of ovarioles in comparison with all the others. Their weight was significantly higher than that of the queens from groups given FeedBee® and swarming queens. Compared to the latter, they had significantly wider spermatheca. Given the parameters monitored, FeedBee® proved not to be advantageous for queens.
Influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on phytochemicals in pomegranate juice

vegetables has always been advised. Their health benefits are estimated based on the chemical composition without taking into account the possible transformations during digestion. Undoubtedly, those with the highest antioxidant content are highly favored. However, whether they are just as effective after passing through gastrointestinal tract is a question that science should answer experimentally. Therefore, the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on phytochemicals in pomegranate juice. The change in total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity was monitored. A drastic loss of phenolic compounds was measured after the intestinal phase of the assay resulting in only 25% and 15.8% of the initial total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, respectively. The antioxidant activity was also affected. The results indicated an after digestion antioxidant activity in the range 19-29% by the measured activity of pomegranate juice. HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds confirmed the presence of gallic acid and DL-catechin at concentrations 96.3 µg/mL and 340 µg/mL, resp. After digestion a loss of 93% and 99% was calculated.
Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of Viola odorata from Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir

ABSTRACT Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of solvent extracts of Viola odorata leaves were investigated. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of stigmasterol in V. odorata leaves was examined. The extracts tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolics, which were present in high quantity in ethanol extract. Greatest radical scavenging activity (EC50 160 µg mL−1) and ferric reducing potential (16.9 equivalent µmol of Fe2+/g sample) was observed in ethanol extract. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprinting confirmed the presence of stigmasterol in all the extracts as evidenced by their Rf values which was similar to that of standard (0.9). HPLC profiling of ethanol extract revealed the presence of 0.002 µg mL−1 stigmasterol in the leaves.
Small-sized fish as possible seed dispersers: disclosing novel fish and plant species interactions in the Pantanal wetland

ABSTRACT Seed dispersion is a critical process to vegetation dynamics which is particularly complex in mosaic-like landscapes as the Pantanal wetlands. We analyzed some aspects of ichthyochory in the Pantanal flooded grasslands. The fish were collected and had their whole intestinal contents removed and submitted to suitable germination conditions for 179 days. We collected 661 specimens belonging to 40 species. Feces from Astyanax lacustris, Poptela paraguayensis, Moenkhausia sanctafilomena and Moenkhausia bonita produced 15 seedlings of herbaceous plant of the species Ludwigia inclinata, Ludwigia leptocarpa and a non-identified monocotyledon. A total of 30.4 g of fecal mass was recovered with a rate of 0.49 seedling.gram−1. There is a positive relation between the number of seedlings obtained and the amount of fish fecal mass (g). Currently, Pantanal landscape dynamics is under rising pressure of field compartmentalization due to man-made roads which restrains fish transit.
Titles of Articles in Peer-Reviewed Journals Lack Information on Study Design: A Structured Review of Contributions to Four Leading Medical Journals, 1995 and 2001

In November 2003, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) published new guidelines that included the following statement: “Concise titles are easier to read than long, convoluted ones. Titles that are too short may, however, lack important information, such as study design. ” Few journals provide authors with guidance about the recommended content of titles; one notable exception is the BMJ, which advises contributors that the title should include “the study design if the paper presents original research”. We have described previously a method for classifying article titles according to the kind of information they contain: methods, results, conclusion, specified dataset, or topic only. We found that 40% of titles from 420 original research articles published from July through December 1995 in four peer-reviewed medical journals—the BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine (NEMJ)—contain information only about the study topic (range among the four journals, 35% to 48%). Titles that reflect only the topic of a study may prevent potential readers from grasping what new, different, or special information is contained, whereas titles that contain additional information—in particular, information about study methods and design—can help readers to judge at a glance their level of interest in a given article. We report here the information content of titles of articles in the BMJ, JAMA, Lancet, and NEJM in July through December 2001 and compare these results with those obtained for titles in the same journals in July through December 1995.
The molecular sequence of Giardia lamblia by using (tpiA) and (tpiB)

Gairdia lamblia is one of parasites that cause intestinal problems within the human body, particularly private travelers and children. In this study a total of (100) diarrheal patients, 20 patients with Giardiasis were identified by fecal antigen. 9 out of 20(20%) of them were infected by fecal antigen, while 9(9%) of them were infected by using the screening general stool examination (GSE). The stool samples were collected from patient how vested the Medical City/ Baghdad and Tikrit teaching Hospital during the period from 1 st may 2018 to 1 February 2019. The results revealing a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two methods of detection for G. lamblia (Fecal antigen method and GSE). IT has been shown that out of 20 infected individuals 12(12%) were males and 8(8%) were females, indicating regarding no significant deference in the distribution of Giardiasis among genders. In regard the age, our results showed that highest infection rate 8(3.2%) was recorded in the age group (10-19) years, followed by the age group (20-2) years which was 692.4%). In this study five mutations were recorded at position (926, 1094, 1202and 1304), by using tpiA gene sequence method, and tpiB gene was on point mutation change (G254A), in the position (85) of triose phosphate isomease.