Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of hand function among children with cerebral palsy: growth curve analysis for ages 16 to 70 months

This study documents the development of hand and upper‐extremity function in young children who have cerebral palsy (CP) with upper‐extremity involvement using longitudinal data. Assessments of hand function and the quality of upper‐extremity movement were conducted on 29 males and 22 females (mean age 36.2 months, SD 10.6; age range 16 to 60 months at baseline) and on four other occasions over 10 months. Linear mixed effects modeling was used to estimate average developmental curves and the degree of individual differences in the patterns of development which were conditional on the body‐site distribution of CP and severity of impairments. Results indicate that hand function in this clinical population develops differently from overall upper‐extremity skills with declines in function in upper‐extremity skills being more common and pronounced among older children. However, there is substantial interindividual variation. Distribution of CP and severity of impairments were significant predictors of development. Results are discussed in terms of their clinical implications.
Correlation and Path Coefficent Analysis of Pod Yield and Related Traits of Okra [Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench] Genotypes Evaluated at Melkassa, Centeral Ethiopia

-Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench] is one of indigenous and endemic genetic resource of Ethiopia as well as Benishangul Gumuz. However, only few studies were carried out to assess its diversity and performance throughout the country and specifically no research conducted to assess diversity of okra within regional state. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective to determine the association of traits and the direct and indirect effects of traits on fruit yield. A total of 36 genotypes of which 33 okra genotypes were collected from different areas of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, 3(three) checks, of 2 introduced and 1(one) released were evaluated for 22 quantitative traits at MARC in 2018/19 using simple lattice design (6 x 6). The results from analysis revealed that number of primary branches (rg=0.8), fruit diameter (rg=0.329), number of tender fruit per plant (rg= 0.61), seed yield (rg=0.82), and frequency of harvests (rg=0.646) are correlated to fruit yield at genotypic and phenotypic levels, whereas average fruit weight was correlated at phenotypic level. Traits like number of primary branches, seed yield and average fruit weight had positive and significantly high direct effect on fruit yield. Therefore, they should be considered during selection for fruit yield improvement.
Systemic hypotension and white‐matter damage in preterm infants

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that systemic hypotension during the first postnatal week increases the risk of ultrasonographic echolucency in the white matter of preterm infants (≦28 weeks’gestation) while adjusting for confounders. From a study base of 1607 very‐low‐birth weight neonates (500 to 1500 g), a subsample of 243 preterm infants (122 females; ≦28 weeks’gestation) was selected for echolucency and data collection prospectively for the entire first postnatal week. Data analyses were performed separately for the first 24 hours of life, for the interval from the end of the first 24 hours to the end of the fourth postnatal day, and for days 5, 6, and 7. Systemic hypotension was defined as the mean arterial blood pressure in the lowest quartile for the infant's week of gestational age. Protocol cranial ultrasounds were those obtained closest to days 1, 7, and 21. A committee of sonologists classified the infants as having either echolucency (echolucency group) or not (control group). Systemic hypotension during the first week of life appeared to be associated with echolucency in univariable analyses but the association did not persist after adjustment for potential confounders. Detailed summaries of 13 previous studies, the majority of which did not show an association between systemic hypotension and white‐matter damage, are presented. In sum, these results do not support the hypothesis that systemic hypotension contributes to echolucency among preterm infants.
Re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the Sri Lankan pigmy shrew Suncus fellowesgordoni (Soricidae: Crocidurinae) and its phylogenetic relationship with S. etruscus

The taxonomy of the pigmy shrews Suncus fellowesgordoni and S. etruscus is unclear and their phylogenetic relationshipsare unknown. Using molecular and morphological data, we confirm the species status of S. fellowesgordoni as being dis-tinct from S. etruscus, its probable sister species. Suncus fellowesgordoni is genetically distant from S. etruscus popula-tions in Sri Lanka and India, and Europe with a percent pairwise uncorrected genetic distance of 7.9–8.2% and 9.2–9.3%for cytochrome-b (mitochondrial DNA), respectively. The genetic distance between S. fellowesgordoni and S. etruscus ofSri Lanka and India for Rag 1 (nuclear DNA, exon) is 1.3–1.7%. The two species are also morphologically distinct by S. fellowesgordoni being larger in all dimensions, darker in hue and having two denticulations on the lower incisors.
Synergistic muscle activation during maximum voluntary contractions in children with and without spastic cerebral palsy

We examined muscle recruitment patterns in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and comparison children without CP under conditions of maximum voluntary contractions. Three groups of children participated in the study: (1) 12 children with diplegic CP (eight males, four females; age range 4–10y, mean age 7y [SD 2y 4mo]); (2) six children with hemiplegic CP (four males, two females; age range 5–10y, mean age 7y 4mo [SD 2y]); and (3) 13 comparison children with normal motor function (seven males, six females; age range 4–11y, mean age 7y 2mo, [SD 2y]). The children with CP were classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System: eight were Level I, five were Level II, four were Level III, and one was Level I V. Surface electromyography was recorded from four proximal and distal lower extremity (LE) muscles. Children with CP more frequently activated a muscle other than the intended prime mover first, compared with the comparison children, especially when the prime mover was a distal muscle. For example, during ankle plantar flexion, when the lateral gastrocnemius muscle was the prime mover, children with hemiplegia showed preactivation of the tibialis anterior muscle and children with diplegia showed medial hamstring coactivation. In conclusion, children with CP showed considerable differences to the comparison children in how LE muscles were voluntarily activated. Greater understanding of muscle recruitment patterns under a variety of tasks may provide new directions for motor control retraining or other forms of intervention.
HYPERAMMONAEMIA

visual stimulus as favourable predictive signs of normal neurological development. Eliciting visual responses as part of the neonatal examination may thus, in their view, provide reassuring evidence of an infant’s developmental prognosis. More precise information regarding the cause of blindness in infants can be obtained with the electroretinogram (ERG). This measures the action potential produced in the retina in response to a light stimulus, and is dependent on the integrity of the retinal photoreceptors (rods and cones). The electrical potentials are led off from corneal electrodes, amplified and displayed on an oscilloscope, from which they can be photographed. The potentials recorded represent a mass response and thus ERG abnormalities do not occur when only small retinal areas are damaged as in macular degeneration or localised chorioretinitis. Furthermore, since the ganglion cells, nerve fibres and optic nerve do not contribute to the ERG recording, diseases involving these structures-e.g., optic neuritisproduce no ERG abnormalities. DEKABAN and C A R R ~ have lately drawn attention to the diagnostic value of this investigation in children with congenital amaurosis of retinal origin. In this disorder the ERG shows greatly diminished or absent electrical responses. The ERG seems to be of particular value in cases of congenital amaurosis associated with neurological and mental disturbances, since in these circumstances blindness is likely to be wrongly regarded as of cerebral origin. According to these workers, the association of neurological disorders in children with congenital amaurosis may be commoner than is generally believed. In support of this view they report their observations on four families with a total of 1 3 siblings, 7 of whom had congenital amaurosis. Only 1 of the 7 affected children was mentally normal and free of neurological abnormalities. DEKABAN and CARR list the characteristic features of congenital amaurosis of retinal origin, first described by L E R E R ~ in 1869, as blindness or near blindness from birth or shortly afterwards, pendular or searching nystagmus, sunken eyeballs, photophobia, and frequent rubbing and pressing in of the eyes with the fingers. Abnormal fundal changes are variable and may indeed be completely absent. Neurological accompaniments include mental and motor retardation, muscular hypotonia and epilepsy. The syndrome is apparently transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The finding of greatly diminished or absent ERG responses is virtually diagnostic. The only disorders likely to cause confusion are some of the hereditary peripheral tapetoretinal degenerations, but in these vision is not impaired in early life.
Milk Fever (Parturient Paresis) and Its Economic Impact in Dairy Cattle Production

Milk fever (parturient paresis) is a metabolic disturbance or production disease of dairy cows that occur just before or soon after calving due to low calcium (Ca++) level (hypocalcaemia) in the blood. It is associated with the drain of calcium within the fetus and milk during pregnancy and calving, respectively. It can be clinical or sub-clinical based on clinical signs. High producing dairy cows are the most susceptible to milk fever during the peri-parturient period. Milk yield, parity, age, breed, Body Condition Score (BCS), and diet composition of the cows are the most common factors that contribute for the occurrence, incidence and severity of milk fever. Economically, it reduces milk yield and fertility that leads to culling of high producing dairy cows from a herd. Diagnosis of milk fever is based on history taking, clinical examination and laboratory diagnosis. It is commonly treated with oral calcium solutions and intravenous (IV) calcium borogluconate. Prevention of milk fever is economically important to the dairy producers to minimize production losses, death losses and veterinary costs associated with the disease. Multiple strategies have been utilized to prevent hypocalcaemia including feeding anionic salts, low calcium ion diets, vitamin D supplementation, dietary magnesium supplementation, and managing the body condition score of cows during the peri-partum period. Hence, prevention of milk fever is the key to reduce the economic impacts of the diseases in dairy industry.
Diagnostic pitfalls in paediatric ischaemic stroke

Diagnosing ischaemic stroke and determining its cause is difficult in children. Both are important for selection of treatment and prediction of outcome. This study explored the diagnostic changes that lead to a delay in the correct diagnosis of paediatric stroke. Case histories of 45 children with ischaemic stroke (31 males, 14 females; median age 6y; age range 2mo–16y) were retrospectively reviewed. The initial clinical diagnosis, based on the interpretation of presenting symptoms, was compared with the final aetiological stroke diagnosis after completion and review of diagnostic work‐up. The type of diagnostic change, consequent time delay until correct diagnosis, reasons for change of diagnosis, and alterations to management were evaluated. Twenty‐four diagnostic changes were identified; 19 in ‘primary stroke diagnosis’ (symptoms initially not attributed to stroke), and five in ‘aetiological diagnosis’ (incorrect initial determination of type or cause of stroke). The median interval between initial and final diagnosis was 7 days (3h–2y). The change in diagnosis led to therapeutic alterations in 17 patients. Risk factors for childhood stroke differ from those in adults. Stroke is frequently not recognized as the cause of the child's symptoms, and the correct determination of stroke aetiology takes time. We recommend that children with stroke be evaluated in a centre with expertize, using standardized diagnostic protocols and careful follow‐up.
Impact of a Toxic Waste Superfund Site on Property Values

Alan K. Reichert, PhD, is a professor of finance at Cleveland State University, Ohio, where he teaches banking and real estate as well as conducts research. He is a specialist in statistical valuation models and environmental assessment studies. He earned his PhD in agricultural economics from Ohio State University, Columbus. This study analyzes the impact on property values of a toxic waste Superfund in Uniontown, Ohio. During the period of peak publicity surrounding the controversy, property values within 6,750 feet of the landfill declined significantly. The diminution in property values was directly related to proximity to the landfill, with impacts ranging from approximately 5% for the most distant properties to 15% for the closer properties. Estimated damages associated with approximately 1,600 residential and certain commercial properties totaled just under $11 million.
ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE PALYNOFLORA AND CLIMATIC ENVIRONMENT DURING LATE PLEISTOCENCE IN TENGGER DESERT,CHINA

Palynoflora studies on the Duantouliang section, located at 39°40′N, 103°55′E in Northwestern Tengger Desert, China showed that, based on the spore pollen assemblages, the major vegetation and climatic environment between 42000 to 23000 a BP could be divided into the following different periods:Ⅰ. From 42000 to 38000 a BP, the spore pollen assemblages displayed that the mixed conifer/deciduous broad leaved forests developed on the mountain and its foothill regions where the bare Gobi desert are at present; At that time, Populus and Salix forests and grassland surrounded the Paleaolake, the climate condition was much warmer and humid than today;Ⅱ. From 38000 to 37000 a BP, the climate was warm and moist, it was the most suitable period for the plant growth, the studied area was dominated by the temperate and warm temperate mixed broad leaf deciduous and needleleaf forest, there was meadow spreaded on the river sides and lake beaches;Ⅲ. From 31000 to 30000 a BP, the needleleaf forests and cold temperate Salix oritrepha shrubs were flourishing, and the climate at that time was relatively cold;Ⅳ. From 30000 to 28000 a BP, the temperatures began increasing, the high lake levels was formed during this time, and the vegetations were meadows and swamps;Ⅴ. From 28000 to 23000 a BP, temperate Cupressaceae and Betula mixed conifer/deciduous forests grew on mountain and foothill region, grassland developed on plain areas, Salix was on lake and river sides. This indicates a warm and moist climate condition but it was drier than the earliest period.
Analytical and Numerical Studies of Resonant Wave Run-up on a Plane Beach

Wave run up is the vertical extent of wave up rushed on a beach. In the case of monochromatic wave run-up, it was a common belief that the leading wave will reach the maximum run-up. However, this is not always the case, when the incident wave is of normal mode frequency, resonance phenomena might appear. In this article, the normal mode frequency of a semi-enclosed basin on a plane beach is derived using the variable separation technique. Simulation results demonstrate that when the incoming wave frequency is close to the normal mode frequency, the largest run-up height is not the leading wave, but the second, third or fourth waves, which indicates the occurrence of resonance phenomena. Sensitivity analysis was applied to show the dependence of the maximum run-up height to the beach slope, as well as the incident wave frequency. Further, a simulation using a real bathymetry was conducted to examine whether the resonance phenomenon appears in the actual tsunami events.
Family Disadvantage, Gender, and the Returns to Genetic Human Capital

This paper relies on a large-scale sample of genotyped individuals linked with detailed register data in Denmark to investigate the context-dependence of genetic influences on human capital formation. We show that the returns to genetic endowments, measured by a polygenic score for educational attainment, are significantly attenuated by childhood disadvantage. We replicate the findings in a within-family analysis, where we exploit exogenous genetic variation across siblings to control for unobserved family influences. We also explore gender differences in the context-dependence of genetic influences and find the attenuation effect of childhood disadvantage on educational attainment to be significantly stronger for males than for females. We show our findings extend to a representative sample of the Danish population. Our results highlight an important mechanism driving the persistence of disadvantage across generations. We show that children who experience childhood disadvantage are not able to fully realize their educational potential, even in the context of the generous Danish welfare-state.
The Dynamics of Post-Merger Boards: Retention Decisions and Performance Effects

This paper examines the construction of 131 large company post-merger boards based on the characteristics of the pre-merger bidder and ta rge board members during the period 1997 to 2002. The data set provides evidence that target d irector retention is more common amongst these firms than previous research suggests. For b oth bidders and targets, firm size does not appear to play a role in inside director retention but does appear to influence outside director retention. CEO experience is found to be a factor in retention of outside target directors only. While other board service involving more than two a dditional directorships is a factor in retention of bidder outsiders and target insiders o nly. Post-merger performance measured by ROA and market to book appears sensitive to the cha ra teristics of departing directors. JEL classification: G30 (General – Corporate Financ e), G34 (Mergers & Acquisitions, Restructuring, & Corporate Governance), G20 (Genera l – Financial Institutions & Services)
Urban form and travel behavior: North European research reviewed against an international backgroundexperience from a Nordic context

This article surveys the state of knowledgeresults of research carried out in the Nordic countries about on the influence of various aspects of urban form and settlement patterns on travel behavior, based in particular on North European research but with aand discusses these results in the view also toof studies of carried out in other European, American, Australian and Asian citiescountries. There is quite overwhelming evidence that urban spatial structures matter to travel behavior. However, whereas much of the research in America and parts of Europe has focused on the influences of local neighborhood characteristics on travel, the Nordic research shows effects on travel behavior mainly from urban form characteristics at a higher geographical scale: the overall population density within continuous urban areas, and the locations of residences and workplaces relative to the city-level or metropolitan center structure. The mechanisms through which these influences operate appear to be present in a wide international context, indicating a high degree of generality. Urban planners aiming to reduce car dependency and urban motoring should seek to avoid urban sprawl, increase the proportions of the population living and working in the inner and central areas of the city, and ensure a sufficiently high density in new developmental areas to facilitate a good provision of local service and a good public transport
Individual well-being : the role of rumination , optimism , resilience and ability to receive support

Subjective well-being includes having positive / negative emotional experiences, prosperity and satisfaction with life. In addition, it depends on multiple psychosocial factors such as: rumination, optimism, resilience and the ability to receive support, which have been studied in particular and need to be examined together. Therefore, this study was set out to: 1) Identify the effect of the aforementioned variables on subjective well-being in adults, and 2) Explore their differences based on gender, age and schooling. There was a voluntary participation of 404 Mexican adults aged between 18 to 64 (M=37.56), with minimum secondary schooling. The findings show the significant role of some factors of optimism, resilience and rumination in the prediction of subjective well-being as well as differences in self-confidence, (optimism), negative emotional experience (well-being), the ability to receive support between genders, and the tendency to experience more optimism, resilience and well-being as the individual gets older and schooling is higher. These results show how the positive features and life experience were associated with other kind of positive experiences for the well-being of individual.
Insights into customer experience in sports retail stores

Offline retail stores have been working on improving their in-store customer experience; they have begun to realise the physical advantage they have over online channels. Especially sports products have a number of unique features, such as high emotional involvement or a sense of community; additionally, sports customers put emphasis on multisensory brand experience at the point of sale. This study examines the in-store customer experience (ISCX) in offline sports retail stores, taking into account the commercial uniqueness of sport. ,A qualitative study (focus groups; n = 16) and quantitative survey (cross-sectional survey design; n = 238) were conducted to measure ISCX in sports retail stores. ,The results suggest that the customers' in-store experience has a significant influence on customers' satisfaction with the sports retailer and their likeliness to recommend the store to friends, which, in turn, is significantly affected by customers' satisfaction with the retailer. Moreover, social responses to actors involved in the service encounter, for example, the interaction with employees, play a significant role for the customer in-store experience. Accordingly, sports customers strive not only for functional benefits inherent in the interaction with customers and employees but also for social benefits. ,This study extends the knowledge by (1) replicating the ISCX scale, (2) analysing ISCX in a sports retail environment and (3) examining the influence of ISCX on the Net Promoter Score. Moreover, the findings support managers' know-how about in-store setting and help to maintain the customer relationship.