Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Group Identification with Student Subgroups on Perceptions of Bystander Intervention to Prevent Sexual Assault

College students can use bystander intervention tactics to prevent sexual assault within their communities. One's group memberships and group identification—conceptualized within social identity theory—could influence attitudes and behaviors related to bystander intervention. College students (n = 1,170) participated in an online survey measuring group membership with student subgroups, identification, and bystander intervention perceptions. Subgroups in this study included fraternities/sororities, student organizations, National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes, club/intramural sports, and spiritual/faith-based organizations. For various student subgroups, group identification was significantly correlated with individuals’ perceived willingness and likelihood to engage in bystander intervention and their perceptions about the helpfulness of bystander intervention tactics.
of Obstetrics and Gynecology Differences in Maternal Morbidity Concerning Risk Factors for Obstetric Hemorrhage

A retrospective study was performed to see differences in morbidity concerning risk factors for obstetrical hemorrhage. Mothers receiving any blood transfusion for obstetrical hemorrhage were enrolled. Patients were divided into subgroups according to risk factors for obstetrical hemorrhage. Outcomes of interest included massive blood loss ≥ 3000 ml, massive blood transfusion ≥ 10 units, and invasive procedures for hemostasis, DIC, and maternal death. 153 cases were received blood transfusion. Abruption (n=35, 23%), birth canal tears (n=31, 20%), atonic bleeding (n=23, 15%), and abnormal placental adherence (APA; n=23, 15%) were the four major factors. APA was the highest condition for invasive procedures (78.3%) with a higher incidence of massive blood loss (65.0%) and massive blood transfusion (73.9%). Abruption was the highest condition for DIC (71.4%) with a higher incidence of massive blood transfusion (51.4%). 48.0% of birth canal tears and 39.0% of atonic bleeding were complicated with massive blood loss. Uterine inversion (n=5) included one maternal death. Except for uterine inversion, the ICU admission rate of the remaining conditions was 13~26%. The observed differences in morbidity concerning risk factors for obstetrical hemorrhage may represent important maternal health phenomena in our region. An identification of differences in morbidity concerning risk factors is essential to provide an effective treatment strategy for obstetrical hemorrhage.
Local NOS inhibition reduces skeletal muscle glucose uptake but not capillary blood flow during in situ muscle contraction in rats

Objective: We have shown previously in humans that local infusion of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor into the femoral artery attenuates the increase in leg glucose uptake during exercise without influencing total leg blood flow. However, studies in rodents examining the effect of NOS inhibition on contraction-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake have yielded contradictory results. This study examined the effect of local infusion of a NOS inhibitor on skeletal muscle glucose uptake (2-deoxyglucose) and capillary blood flow (contrast enhanced ultrasound) during in situ contractions in rats. Research design and methods: Male hooded Wistar rats were anesthetized, then one hindleg electrically stimulated to contract (2Hz, 0.1ms) for 30 min while the other leg rested. After 10 min the NOS inhibitor N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; arterial concentration of 5µM) or saline was infused into the epigastric artery of the contracting leg. Results: Local NOS inhibition had no effect on blood pressure, heart rate or muscle contraction force. Contractions increased (P<0.05) skeletal muscle NOS activity and this was prevented by L-NAME infusion. NOS inhibition caused a modest significant (P<0.05) attenuation of the increase in femoral blood flow during contractions but importantly there was no effect on capillary recruitment. NOS inhibition attenuated (P<0.05) the increase in contraction-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake by ~35%, without affecting AMPK activation. Conclusions: NOS inhibition attenuated increases in skeletal muscle glucose uptake during contraction without influencing capillary recruitment suggesting that nitric oxide is critical for part of the normal increase in skeletal muscle fiber glucose uptake during contraction.
FarmConners Market Showcases Results: Wind farm flow control considering electricity prices and revenue

The EU and UK have made ambitious commitments to decarbonise their economies by 2050 under the Net Zero plans. For this, offshore wind will play a major role, significantly contributing to a paradigm shift in the power generation and greater volatility of electricity prices. The operating strategy of wind farms should therefore move from a power maximisation to revenue maximisation design. Wind farm flow control (WFFC) is a key enabler for this shift through mitigation of wake effects in the design and operation phases. The results of the FarmConners market showcases presented here are the first attempt 5 to economically assess WFFC strategies with respect to electricity market prices and revenue. Here, we present a conceptual simulation study starting from individual turbine control, and extend it to layouts with 10 and 32 turbines operated with WFFC based on the results of five participants. Each participant belonged to a different research group with their respective simulation environments, flow models and WFFC strategies. Via a comparative analysis of relative WFFC benefits estimated per participant, the implications of wind farm size, the applied control strategy and the overall model 10 fidelity are discussed in zero-subsidy scenarios. For all the participants, it is seen that the income gain can differ significantly from the power gain depending on the electricity price under the same inflow, and a favourable control strategy for dominant wind directions can pay off. However, a strong correlation between income and power gain is also observed for the analysed high electricity prices scenarios underlining the need for additional modelling capabilities to carry out a more comprehensive revenue/value optimisation including lower prices and system requirements driven cases.
Damage and ice detection on wind turbine rotor blades using a three-tier modular structural health monitoring framework

The increasing number of installed wind turbines has led to a greater need for monitoring of their subcomponents. In particular, damages on rotor blades should be detected as early as possible, since they can cause long and hence expensive standstill times. In this work, a three-tier structural health monitoring framework is employed on the experimental data of a 34-m rotor blade for damage and ice detection. The structural health monitoring framework includes the functions of data normalization by clustering according to environmental and operational conditions, feature extraction, and hypothesis testing. In order to assess the framework and the methods applied with respect to ice detection, an ice accretion test was performed by gradually adding masses at the blade tip. First, a modal test by means of manual and impulse excitation was performed on the healthy blade and for all steps of the ice test. Subsequently, to induce damage, the blade was cyclically excited in edgewise direction for over 1 million cycles until failure occurred at the trailing edge. Finally, the initial modal test was repeated on the damaged blade. Modal parameters from system identification and further damage features, also called condition parameters, are presented and compared to each other. Results from the modal test show that structural changes due to damage at the trailing edge and added mass can be detected by changes in the condition parameters. Nevertheless, it is shown that some condition parameters exhibit higher sensitivity to damage than natural frequencies. Furthermore, a correlation between the amount of added mass and the changes in natural frequencies and some of the condition parameters is shown. For the analysis of the fatigue test, condition parameters were determined with and without prior data clustering according to the applied damage equivalent load, resulting in two realizations of the structural health monitoring framework. Results from the fatigue test show that the majority of condition parameters have good detection performance regarding structural change due to fatigue cracks and due to damage at the trailing edge for various confidence intervals. Finally, it is shown that the detection performance in the case of data clustering according to applied damage equivalent load is higher than without data clustering. This emphasizes the need of data normalization by clustering according to the environmental and operational conditions.
On the impact of gaps on trend detection in extreme streamflow time series 3

Streamflow time series often contain gaps of varying length and location. However, the influence of 8 these gaps on trend detection is poorly understood and cannot be estimated a priori in trend-detection 9 studies. We simulated the effects of varying gap size (1, 2, 5, and 10 years) and location (one quarter, 10 one third, and half of the way) on the detection rate of significant monotonic trends in annual maxima 11 and peaks-over-threshold, based on the most commonly-used trend tests in time series of varying length 12 (from 15 to 150 years) and trend magnitude (β 1 ). Results show that, in comparison with the complete 13 time series, the loss in trend detection rate tends to grow with (i) increasing gap size, (ii) increasing gap 14 distance from the middle of the time series, (iii) decreasing β 1 slope, and (iv) decreasing time series 15 length. Based on these findings, we provide objective recommendations and cautionary remarks for 16 maximal gap allowance in trend detection in extreme streamflow time series.
Title : Valuing beneficiary voice: Involving children living in out-of-home care in program evaluation

This paper charts the innovative evaluation journey an Australian nonprofit organisation, The Pyjama Foundation (PJF), has taken when designing an evaluation instrument to gain feedback from program beneficiaries. PJF sought to develop a formal, targeted approach to hear the perspectives of children living in out-of-home care, who are involved with their Love of Learning educational program. The design process included two focus group discussions with foster carers, program volunteers, and child development experts. From this, an evaluation survey for children to use was developed. The survey’s underpinning conceptual framework, based on key protective factors influencing educational outcomes for children in out-of-home care, is a key contribution of this research. Additionally, the design and implementation issues PJF encountered contribute insights for other nonprofit organisations and evaluators, and academic knowledge toward evaluations involving children and vulnerable stakeholders. Hearing children’s views on programs they are involved in is vital in helping to develop safe spaces for children to engage, where their thoughts are
Involvement of calpains in Ca 2 (cid:1) -induced disruption of excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian skeletal muscle ﬁbers

Involvement of calpains in Ca 2 -induced disruption of excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian skeletal muscle ﬁbers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 296: C1115–C1122, 2009. skeletal muscle ﬁbers, the coupling between excitation of the surface membrane and the release of Ca 2 (cid:1) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is irreversibly disrupted if cytoplasmic Ca 2 (cid:1) concentration ([Ca 2 (cid:1) ]) is raised to micromolar levels for a prolonged period. This excitation-contraction (EC) uncoupling may contribute to muscle weakness after some types of exercise and in certain muscle diseases and has been linked to structural alteration of the triad junctions, but its molecular basis is unclear. Both (cid:2) -calpain, a ubiquitous Ca 2 (cid:1) -activated protease, and muscle-speciﬁc calpain-3 become autolytically activated at micromolar Ca 2 (cid:1) and have been suggested to be responsible for the uncoupling. This study used controlled Ca 2 (cid:1) exposure in mechanically skinned ﬁbers from extensor digitorum longus muscle to show that EC uncoupling still occurs in muscle ﬁbers of calpain-3-deﬁcient mice, with a Ca 2 (cid:1) dependence indistinguishable from that in normal mice and rats. Western blotting of muscle ﬁbers that had been partially EC uncoupled by exposure to an intermediate Ca 2 (cid:1) level ( (cid:3) 5 (cid:2) M Ca 2 (cid:1) for 3 min, no ATP) showed the presence of autolytic activation of a proportion of the (cid:2) -calpain present, but with little or no activation of calpain-3. Homogenates of normal and calpain-3-deﬁcient muscles exposed to micromolar Ca 2 (cid:1) displayed similar levels of diffusible proteolytic activity, as gauged by the rate of decline of passive force in stretched, skinned muscle ﬁbers. Exogenously added (cid:2) -calpain, preactivated by elevated [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] and applied in the presence of 1 (cid:2) M Ca 2 (cid:1) , disrupted EC coupling in a manner similar to raised [Ca 2 (cid:1) ]. We conclude that calpain-3 is not responsible for Ca 2 (cid:1) -induced disruption of EC coupling, but that (cid:2) -calpain is a plausible candidate.
Efficacy of ultrasound guided popliteal sciatic-saphenous adductor canal block versus ankle block in diabetic foot surgery

Foot is one of the most parts of the body that faces many problems such as trauma, strain, infection and other pathological conditions. Diabetes Mellitus is a multisystemic disease that effects most organs. This prospective study aimed to compare the effectiveness of five nerves ankle block versus popliteal sciatic with adductor canal saphenous block in diabetic foot surgery. Hundred patients were included in this study (American Society of Anesthesiologists class III and IV-E). All the participants had full routine preoperative investigations with doppler ultrasound study for peripheral circulation. Two groups, group A involves those who had operation under ankle block regional anesthesia, while group B, anesthesia was done by popliteal sciatic–saphenous adductor canal block. There was a significant difference between the two anesthetic techniques regarding the onset of action and efficiency of 0.75% ropivacaine in popliteal sciatic nerve block in comparison with five nerves ankle block. Almost all the patients and surgeons were satisfied by popliteal sciatic-saphenous adductor canal block in which there was minimal need of sedative and analgesic drugs such as midazolam or ketamine. Popliteal sciatic–adductor canal saphenous block is more convenient and effective to provide the state of surgical anesthesia with minimal need to adjuvant sedative drugs. The best results could be obtained with the popliteal sciaticsaphenous block with only 2 injections instead of 5. This will minimize the risk of infection as it is far from the operative site. Also, it is faster in onset of action and provides good postoperative analgesia than ankle block.
EFFECTS OF SAMPLE SIZE ON BYCATCH ESTIMATION USING SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING AND SPATIAL POST-STRATIFICATION: SUMMARY OF PRELIMINARY RESULTS

PURPOSE The purpose of this analysis is to estimate the effects of sample size on estimates of total bycatches of large fishes in the purse-seine fishery for tunas in the eastern Pacific Ocean. DATA Bycatch data for floating object sets, 1996-1999, were used in this analysis. Sampling coverage for the fishery on floating objects (FADs and logs) of purse-seine vessels of more than 363 metric tons fish-carrying capacity varied between 96-98% over this time period. Bycatch data for three different species groups were used: billfishes, sharks and dolphinfish (mahimahi). These three species groups were used because they typify three different distributions of bycatch per set. Bycatch per set of billfishes occurs infrequently, with 65-79% of sets during 1996-1999 involving no bycatch of billfishes. When billfish bycatch does occur, typically no more than two fishes are caught per set. At the other extreme is bycatch of dolphinfish which occurs in at least 80% of all floating objects sets, with catches involving 10’s to 100’s of fishes or more. It is not known how similar distributions of bycatches for these groupings are to bycatches of particular species of sharks or billfishes; species identification for sharks and billfishes was not always possible with these data.
Total land water storage change over 2003–2013 estimated from a global mass budget approach

We estimate the total land water storage ( LWS ) change between 2003 and 2013 using a global water mass budget approach. Hereby we compare the ocean mass change ( estimated from GRACE space gravimetry on the one hand, and from the satellite altimetry-based global mean sea level corrected for steric effects on the other hand ) to the sum of the main water mass components of the climate system: glaciers, Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets, atmospheric water and LWS ( the latter being the unknown quantity to be estimated ) . For glaciers and ice sheets, we use published estimates of ice mass trends based on various types of observations covering different time spans between 2003 and 2013. From the mass budget equation, we derive a net LWS trend over the study period. The mean trend amounts to + 0.30  ±  0.18 mm yr − 1 in sea level equivalent. This corresponds to a net decrease of − 108  ±  64 km 3 yr − 1 in LWS over the 2003 – 2013 decade. We also estimate the rate of change in LWS and ﬁ nd no signi ﬁ cant acceleration over the study period. The computed mean global LWS trend over the study period is shown to be explained mainly by direct anthropogenic effects on land hydrology, i.e. the net effect of groundwater depletion and impoundment of water in man-made reservoirs, and to a lesser extent the effect of naturally-forced land hydrology variability. Our results compare well with independent estimates of human-induced changes in global land hydrology.
Job Satisfaction and Quality of Life of Nurses Working in a Private Hospital

The current study was aimed at exploring the level of job satisfaction and quality of life as perceived by the nurses working in a private hospital in New Delhi. It attempted to investigate the relationship between the perceived level of job satisfaction and quality of life of nurses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 104 nurses. Minnesota Questionnaire or MSQ (Long Form) and WHOQOL-BREF were administered to measure job satisfaction and quality of life respectively. The results demonstrated an overall positive correlation between job satisfaction and quality of life. The findings also revealed that scores on MSQ (job satisfaction) and WHOQOL (quality of life) varied significantly in accordance with the age, gender, marital status and work experience of the participating nurses. T he current study seeks to develop an understanding of satisfaction at work and how it impinges on or relates to the quality of life (QOL) in the case of nurses, who play an indispensable role in the healthcare system. It is imperative to assess how satisfied nurses are with their jobs as well as their quality of life as they possess significant power that can influence the quality of healthcare services. An inquiry into these dimensions will allow nurses and hospital administrators to focus on ways to increase job satisfaction and QOL of nurses and thereby increase their job performance and quality of nursing care and reduce the number of nurses who leave their jobs. Statistical Analysis: Results were analyzed using Social Science Statistics. The scores of the different scales were presented as means and standard deviations. Also, student’s t-test was performed to compare between two independent means. One-way ANOVA was calculated for comparison between more than two means. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to study the relationship between job satisfaction and quality of life as well as across different socio-demographic variables.
Freshwater Snails Infection Status and Predisposing Risk Factors to Schistosomiasis in Doma Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

The transmission of trematode parasites is actively aided by snail intermediate hosts. Therefore, this study investigated 17 water bodies in Doma LGA, Nasarawa State, Nigeria for Snails intermediate host as well as the factors that predisposes the communities to schistosomiasis infection in the area between August and October, 2019. The water bodies were visited weekly in the morning hours for the collection of snails using hand-held scooping net as well as handpicking from vegetation around for a period of 30 minutes and then taken to the laboratory for sorting and further processing. The snails were morphologically identified and screened for cercaria infection by exposure to sunlight for 2 hours in a petri-dish that contains distilled water and also crushing and microscopically checking for cercaria. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to members of the communities around the studied water bodies in order to collect data relating to the risk factors that predisposes the community to schistosomiasis. A total of 308 snails were collected from the water bodies which spread across five different species of snails: Bulinus globosus, Bulinus forskalii, Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Lymnae natalensis and Melanoides tuberculata
University of Birmingham Genetic heritage of the Balto-Slavic speaking populations

The Slavic branch of the Balto-Slavic sub-family of Indo-European languages underwent rapid divergence as a result of the spatial expansion of its speakers from Central-East Europe, in early medieval times. This expansion – mainly to East Europe and the northern Balkans – resulted in the incorporation of genetic components from numerous autochthonous populations into the Slavic gene pools. Here, we characterize genetic variation in all extant ethnic groups speaking Balto-Slavic languages by analyzing mitochondrial DNA (n = 6,876), Y-chromosomes (n = 6,079) and genome-wide SNP profiles (n = 296), within the context of other European populations. We also reassess the phylogeny of Slavic languages within the Balto-Slavic branch of Indo-European. We find that genetic distances among Balto-Slavic populations, based on autosomal and Y-chromosomal loci, show a high correlation (0.9) both with each other and with geography, but a slightly lower correlation (0.7) with mitochondrial DNA and linguistic affiliation. The data suggest that genetic diversity of the present-day Slavs was predominantly shaped in situ , and we detect two different substrata: ‘ central-east European ’ for West and East Slavs, and ‘ south-east European ’ for South Slavs. A pattern of distribution of segments identical by descent between groups of East-West and South Slavs suggests shared ancestry or a modest gene flow between those two groups, which might derive from the historic spread of Slavic people.