Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spiking Sparse Recovery With Non-Convex Penalties

Sparse recovery (SR) based on spiking neural networks has been shown to be computationally efficient with ultra-low power consumption. However, existing spiking-based sparse recovery (SSR) algorithms are designed for the convex $\ell _{1}$-norm regularized SR problem, which often underestimates the true solution. This paper proposes an adaptive version of SSR, i.e., A-SSR, to optimize a class of non-convex regularized SR problems and analyze its global asymptotic convergence. The superiority of A-SSR is validated with synthetic simulations and real applications, including image reconstruction and face recognition. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed A-SSR essentially improves the recovery accuracy by avoiding systematic underestimation and obtains over 4 dB PSNR improvement in image reconstruction quality and around 5% improvement in recognition confidence. At the same time, the proposed A-SSR maintains energy efficiency in hardware implementation. When implemented on the neuromorphic Loihi chip, our method consumes only about 1% of the power of the iterative solver FISTA, enabling applications under energy-constrained scenarios.
Some factorization properties of composite domains a+xb[x] and a+xb[[x]]

Let A 2 B he an extension of integral domains and X an indeterminate. In this paper, we stud] some factorization properties of the suhring '4 + . YB[S] (resp. A + X B [ [ X ] ] ) of B [ X ] (resp. B [ [ X ] ] ) , generalizing sonle results of [2], [4], [5] and [6]. We recall that a donlain R satisfies the ascending chain condition for principal ideals (ACCP), if there does nct exist an infinite strictly ascending chain of principal ideals of R. As in [16] . an integral domain R is said to be archimedean if fIn>lsnR = 0 for each nonunit x of R. This condition is strictly weaker than ACCP (see [ I , page -I]). In Section 1 we study when A+XB[X] (or A+XB[[X]] ) satisfies ACCP or is archimedean. We show that A + X B[X] satisfies ACCP (resp. is archimedean) if and only i f so does A + X B [ [ X ] ] if and only if nn21 f l . fnB = 0 for each infinite sequence (resp. infinite constant sequence) ( fn),? l consisting on nonunits of A. The main result of Section 1 asserts that, for a given domain . 4. A + . %-B[,Y] satisfies ACCP (resp. is archimedean) for each domain B which
Meromorphic continuation of the scattering matrix in the Stark effect case

The scattering matrix that describes the scattering of a quantum mechanical particle in R n by a short range potential in the presence of a constant electric field is considered. The scattering matrix is shown to have a meromorphic continuation in the energy variable to the whole complex plane as a bounded operator on L 2 (R n - 1 ). The constant electric field, which is referred to as the "Stark effect" in this context, means that "short range" includes the physically interesting case of the Coulomb potential (but n ≥ 3 is required here.) In addition it is shown that the resolvent operator has a meromorphic continuation across the real axis in an appropriate context. The scattering matrix studied here is constructed using Isozaki, Kitada and Yajima's "time independent modifiers. "
Conditions for the Formation of Massive Stars through Nonspherical Accretion

Formation of massive stars through spherical accretion has been predicted to occur only in clouds which are nearly dust-free and can provide an extremely high accretion rate. It is shown that such severe restrictions are effectively removed with nonspherical accretion. By the effects of magnetic fields, rotation, and so on, the contracting envelope usually becomes rather flat. With such a configuration the thermal radiation converted from the stellar radiation by dust near its sublimation zone easily escapes from the envelope and then hardly affects the motion of dust and gas. Consequently, the gas falls nearly freely to the sublimation zone. The steady inflow occurs only when the dynamical pressure of this motion is greater than the stellar radiation pressure at this zone. With the present model the accretion onto a stellar core of 100 solar mass occurs when the accretion rate is greater than 0.0001 solar mass/yr, 50 times smaller than the rate with spherical accretion. No special restrictions on grain abundances are required, in contrast to spherical accretion. The causes for the rarity of massive stars are discussed. 59 refs.
Age‐related bone loss is associated with FGF21 but not IGFBP1 in healthy adults

What is the central question of this study? Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays important therapeutic roles in metabolic diseases but is associated with bone loss, through insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), in animals. However, the effect of the FGF21–IGFBP1 axis on age‐related bone loss has not been explored in humans. What is the main finding and its importance? Using ‘genetically linked’ parent and child family pairs, we show that the FGF21 concentration, but not the IGFBP1 concentration, is higher in older than in younger adults. Our results suggest that age‐associated decline in bone mineral density is associated with FGF21 and increased bone turnover but not likely to involve IGFBP1 in healthy humans.
Morphosedimentary and geoarchaeological records during the last 1400 years in the Ebro depression (NE Spain) and their paleoenvironmental interpretation

Most studies on the geomorphological evolution of the Holocene from the Ebro depression (NE Spain) are focused on the period up to the Roman Epoch (218 BC–476 AD) while some references to medieval (476 AD–15th century) deposits are also occasionally dated. This paper focuses on the establishment of aggradation units on the valley bottoms and slopes of the Ebro depression after 1400 BP, their origin, comparison with other areas, and relationship with global paleoenvironmental changes. These units were produced after the incision phase that marked the end of the large Holocene accumulation (unit H1) around 1400 BP (at the end of the Late Roman Epoch). Morphosedimentary records enable us to establish three aggradation units during the last 1400 years: unit H2 (ca. 1400–650 cal BP); unit H3 – with two H3A subunits (ca. 650–500 cal BP) and H3B (ca. 500–320 cal BP); and the H4 unit (after 320 cal BP). These units are organized following five types of aggradation/incision arrangements with differing complexities. There are also connections among these units and two slope stages in the region. Finally, the genetic relationships between these units and global paleoenvironmental changes are shown (LALIA, MCA, and LIA) and related to anthropic activity. This contribution is the first detailed and systematic approach to the study of morphosedimentary units and sedimentary arrangements during the Recent Holocene in the Mediterranean area.
Review of experimental investigations on seismic performance of precast segmental bridge columns in seismic regions

Due to the fast construction and low interference, precast segmental bridge columns have gained increasing attention for use in non-seismic regions. However, their applications in seismic areas remain scarce due to their ambiguous dynamic performance. To estimate the seismic performance of PSBCs, existing quasi-static cyclic tests and shaking table tests are gathered and reviewed in this study. According to the structural details and material property at the joints, the PSBCs are categorized as 11 types based on the connection type, namely grouted splice sleeve couplers (GSSCs), grouted corrugated duct connections (GCDCs), wet joint connections (WJCs), mechanical bar splice connections, socket connections (SCs), unbonded post-tensioned tendon connections (UPTCs), partial precast columns (PPCs), hybrid connections (HCs), high-strength steel bars (HSBs), high-performance concrete (HPC), and external dissipators (EXDs). Based on the experimental results, the failure reason of each connection types are discussed and the effective structural details are suggested. And also, the PSBCs are divided into those with ductile and resilient connections according to the damage levels, residual drift ratios, displacement ductility coefficients, equivalent viscous damping ratios and effective stiffness parameters. With the achievements in this research, the application of PSBCs is expected to be promoted in medium-to-high seismic regions.
Relational interdependencies and the intra-EU mobility of African European Citizens

How can we better understand the puzzle of low-skilled migrants who have acquired citizenship in a European Union country, often with generous social security provision, choosing to relocate to the United Kingdom? Drawing on Elias’s figurational theory as a lens, we explore how relational interdependencies foster the mobility of low-skilled African European Citizens from European Union states to the United Kingdom. We found that African European Citizens rely on ‘piblings networks’, loose affiliations of putative relatives, to compensate for deficits in their situated social capital, facilitating relocation. The temporary stability afforded by impermanent bonds and transient associations, in constant flux in migrant communities, does not preclude integration but paradoxically promotes it by enabling an ease of connection and disconnection. Our study elucidates how these relational networks offer African European Citizens opportunities to achieve labour market integration, exercise self-efficacy, and realize desired futures; anchoring individuals in existing communities even when they are perpetually transforming.
The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review

Neurodegenerative diseases are highly prevalent but poorly understood, and with few treatment options despite decades of intense research, attention has recently shifted toward other mediators of neurological disease that may present future targets for therapeutic research. One such mediator is the gut microbiome, which communicates with the brain through the gut–brain axis and has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Alterations in the gut microbiome have been associated with numerous neurological and other diseases, and restoration of the dysbiotic gut has been shown to improve disease conditions. One method of restoring a dysbiotic gut is via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), recolonizing the “diseased” gut with normal microbiome. Fecal microbiota transplantation is a treatment method traditionally used for Clostridium difficile infections, but it has recently been used in neurodegenerative disease research as a potential treatment method. This review aims to present a summary of neurodegenerative research that has used FMT, whether as a treatment or to investigate how the microbiome influences pathogenesis.
The Effects of Respiratory Vaccine Type and Timing on Antibody Titers, Immunoglobulins, and Growth Performance in Pre- and Post-Weaned Beef Calves

Simple Summary Different bovine respiratory vaccine antigen types and timing schedules were utilized to determine the impact on antibody titers, immunoglobulins, and performance in beef cattle. These results suggest that vaccinating calves with a killed viral (KV) vaccine at 2 to 3 months of age and not re-vaccinating per manufacturer specifications did not provide an immune titer response and thus may not provide the preweaning disease protection desired. Vaccination with a modified live (MLV) vaccine appeared to produce a more robust antibody response, even in the face of maternal interference and when given as a booster to animals who previously received a KV vaccination. Delay of initial vaccination (MLV) until weaning may have delayed antibody production and resulted in a lower Th-2 (antibody-mediated) immune response. Abstract In order to examine the effects of vaccine type and timing of crossbred beef calves (n = 151) were assigned to one of three BRD vaccination protocols stratified by breed of sire, sex, and date of birth, which included: (1) KM—a pentavalent killed viral (KV) vaccine at 2 to 3 months of age (D 0) and a pentavalent modified-live viral (MLV) vaccine at weaning (D 127); (2) MM—MLV on D 0 and revaccinated on D 127 or (3) WN—MLV at weaning and D 140. Vaccination treatment did not affect performance nor BRSV serum-neutralizing antibody titers. Serum-neutralizing antibody titers to BVDV-1 were greatest for the MM through D 154. However, following booster (KM) or initial vaccination (WN) at D 127, titers increased for the other treatment groups to higher values (KM) by the end of the study. Delay of initial vaccination until weaning may have delayed specific antibody response in the WN group and skewed the immune response towards a Th-1 or cell-mediated response. Overall, the inclusion of an MLV in the vaccine protocol resulted in a more robust antibody response, and the timing of vaccination may affect the onset of efficacious and robust vaccine responses.
Dynamics of Cooling Gas in Galactic Dark Halos

The dynamical evolution of both collisionless dark particles and a dissipative gaseous (baryonic) component in a flat universe are simulated in order to investigate the formation process of the luminous components of galaxies at the center of galactic dark halos. The initial density fluctuations are assumed to be Gaussian with a power spectrum of the form P(k) ∞ k −1 . The models assume that the gas amounts to 10% of the mass of the universe, and that both the gas and the dark matter are identifically distributed in phase space at high redshifts.
A review of Doherty power amplifier and load modulated balanced amplifier for 5G technology

In this paper, functionality of the Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) along with their design constraints such as DPA combining techniques are reviewed. This is because power amplifier (PA) is a key building block in the design of fifth generation (5G) communication systems. A significant trend is the DPA bandwidth enhancement technique, which is the subject of numerous papers in the literature. So, we will review some papers with different solutions to address DPA's bandwidth limitations. There are also different works in the literature that have focused on high‐efficiency PA structure designs, which are also discussed in this paper. An excellent option for effective power combining in broadband designs is using balanced amplifiers. We have discussed load modulated balanced amplifiers (LMBA) in this paper because designing an effective PA with a wide bandwidth is crucial. We also covered some papers that have proposed techniques based on the linearization method to bring the efficiency and linearity of DPAs to a fair level.
Predicting singing ability from parents’ parental support and openness in high school students: Using a self-adjusted Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index Inventory

Cognitive investment theory states that personality can predict individuals’ behavior patterns on one specific activity, and further predict a related ability. Besides, personality itself is predicted by environmental factors throughout individuals’ development. The present research explored if and how parental support predicts singing ability through openness and musical training, using a sample of high school students in mainland China. A measurement tool for acquiring the musical training and singing ability of targeted sample was lacking. Therefore, an adjustment study was conducted, which adjusted the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index–traditional Chinese version adjusted for Taiwanese (GMSI-TC), to obtain a suitable simplified Chinese version for the high school students (GMSI-SC-H). Thus, this research comprised two studies: Study 1 was an adjustment study, and Study 2 was a relation exploration study. Results of Study 1 showed that the GMSI-SC-H possessed acceptable reliability and validity on the general musical sophistication factor, Musical Training, Perceptual Abilities, and Singing Abilities sub-scales. The results of Study 2 showed that two mediating paths from parental support to singing ability were significant. Therefore, the conclusion was that parental support can predict singing ability through openness and musical training in a group of high school students. This research expands our understanding of links between personality and life outcomes.
An Efficient Technique for Recognizing Tomato Leaf Disease Based on the Most Effective Deep CNN Hyperparameters

Leaf disease in tomatoes is one of the most common and treacherous diseases. It directly affects the production of tomatoes, resulting in enormous economic loss each year. As a result, studying the detection of tomato leaf diseases is essential. To that aim, this work introduces a novel mechanism for selecting the most effective hyperparameters for improving the detection accuracy of deep CNN. Several cutting-edge CNN algorithms were examined in this study to diagnose tomato leaf diseases. The experiment is divided into three stages to find a full proof technique. A few pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks were first employed to diagnose tomato leaf diseases. The superlative combined model has then experimented with changes in the learning rate, optimizer, and classifier to discover the optimal parameters and minimize overfitting in data training. In this case, 99.31% accuracy was reached in DenseNet 121 using AdaBound Optimizer, 0.01 learning rate, and Softmax classifier. The achieved detection accuracy levels (above 99%) using various learning rates, optimizers, and classifiers were eventually tested using K-fold cross-validation to get a better and dependable detection accuracy. The results indicate that the proposed parameters and technique are efficacious in recognizing tomato leaf disease and can be used fruitfully in identifying other leaf diseases.
Book Review: Long-term Family Recovery from Disaster

s r v c r ; ~ l policy i~npl ical ions wcrc: c! lilborulcd. Ltnergency manage r s must recognize t h e emergen t and multiorganizational c h a r a c t e r of disaster response, and understand tha t EMONS a r e a t b e s t loosely connected systems. Managing loose knit, short-range goal or iented systems is not something t h a t public bureaucracies o r p r iva t e f i rms do well, and a n a t t e m p t t o fo rce s t ruc tu re on t h e networks would most likely reduce their efficiency. T o develop a managemen t s t r a t egy for EMONS requires a n understanding of how they operate . and social mapping appears t o be a n e f f i c i en t , noncomplex way of accomplishing this. Also, when evaluating SAR response effect iveness, t h e focus should be on t h e network not individual organizat ions and evaluations must t a k e into account t h e social and political s e t t i ng in which EMONS exist. As a n extension of t hese policy implications, t h e authors o f f e r f i ve recommendations t o enhance t h e quality of search and rescue effor ts . A comprehensive emergency response d a t a base should be developed and maintained t o help identify SAR needs a t d i f f e ren t jurisdictional levels. Training programs should be developed t o improve t h e management skills of on-site emergency responders. Public educat ion programs designed t o help ci t izens c a r e fo r themselves during disasters were recommended a s a way of reducing t h e level of demand for SAR. I t was also suggested tha t emergency response planning be overhauled t o explicitly address questions of interorganizat ional responsibilities and authority. Finally, t h e au tho r s urge public officials t o a t t end carefully t o keeping themselves a n d emergency managers ab reas t of new developments in SAR technique and equipment, noting tha t th&e a r e serious legal implications of fa i lure t o provide t ra ined personnel and expert resources during ernergencies. This book i s highly recommended fo r s tudents of organizat ional behavior, disaster researchers and emergency managers. Unlike many social scient i f ic studies, i t is wri t ten in understandable English, t h e authors d o not become bound up with their s tudy design or stat is t ics and lose sight of t h e phenomenon being studied, and ca re fu l a t t en t ion is given t o examining t h e pract ical implications of a n excellent, theoret ical ly integrated study.
Stability of the flow of a fluid through a flexible tube at high Reynolds number

The stability of the Hagen-Poiseuille flow of a Newtonian fluid in a tube of radius R surrounded by an incompressible viscoelastic medium of radius R < r < HR is analysed in the high Reynolds number regime. The dimensionless numbers that affect the fluid flow are the Reynolds number Re = (ρVR / η), the ratio of the viscosities of the wall and fluid ηr = (ηs/η), the ratio of radii H and the dimensionless velocity Γ = (ρV2/G)1/2. Here ρ is the density of the fluid, G is the coefficient of elasticity of the wall and Vis the maximum fluid velocity at the centre of the tube. In the high Reynolds number regime, an asymptotic expansion in the small parameter ε = (1/Re) is employed. In the leading approximation, the viscous effects are neglected and there is a balance between the inertial stresses in the fluid and the elastic stresses in the medium. There are multiple solutions for the leading-order growth rate do), all of which are imaginary, indicating that the fluctuations are neutrally stable, since there is no viscous dissipation of energy or transfer of energy from the mean flow to the fluctruations due to the Reynolds strees. There is an O(ε1/2) correction to the growth rate, s(1), due to the presence of a wall layer of thickness ε1/2R where the viscous stresses are O(ε1/2) smaller than the inertial stresses. An energy balance analysis indicates that the transfer of energy from the mean flow to the fluctuations due to the Reynolds stress in the wall layer is exactly cancelled by an opposite transfer of equal magnitude due to the deformation work done at the interface, and there is no net transfer from the mean flow to the fluctuations. Consequently, the fluctuations are stabilized by the viscous dissipation in the wall layer, and the real part of s(1) is negative. However, there are certain values of Γ and wavenumber k where s(l) = 0. At these points, the wail layer amplitude becomes zero because the tangential velocity boundary condition is identically satisfied by the inviscid flow solution. The real part of the O(ε) correction to the growth rate s(2) turns out to be negative at these points, indicating a small stabilizing effect due to the dissipation in the bulk of the fluid and the wall material. It is found that the minimum value of s(2) increases ∝ (H − 1)−2 for (H − 1) [Lt ] 1 (thickness of wall much less than the tube radius), and decreases ∝ (H−4 for H [Gt ] 1. The damping rate for the inviscid modes is smaller than that for the viscous wall and centre modes in a rigid tube, which have been determined previously using a singular perturbation analysis. Therefore, these are the most unstable modes in the flow through a flexible tube.