Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of VieScope® on first-attempt success during simulated COVID-19 patients intubation: A randomized cross-over simulation trial

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to determine the efficacy of intubation with VieScope® and Macintosh laryngoscope in different scenarios of simulated COVID-19 patients by paramedics wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for aerosol generating procedures (AGPs). METHODS: Study was designed as a prospective, observational, randomized, crossover simulation trial. 37 paramedics took part in the study. They performed endotracheal intubation (ETI) of a person suspected of COVID-19. Intubation was performed using VieScope® and Macintosh laryngoscopes in two research scenarios: Scenario A - normal airway and Scenario B - difficult airway. Both the order of participants and the methods of intubation were random. RESULTS: In Scenario A, time to intubation using VieScope® and Macintosh laryngoscope amounted to 35.3 (IQR; 32–40) seconds and 35.8 (IQR: 30–40)s, respectively. Nearly all participants performed ETI successfully both with VieScope® and Macintosh laryngoscope (100% vs. 94.6%). In scenario B, intubation with the VieScope®, compared to the Macintosh laryngoscope, was associated with a shorter intubation time (p<0.001), a higher success rate of the first intubation attempt (p<0.001), a better visualization degree glottis (p=0.012) and ease of intubation (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our analysis suggests that the use of a VieScope® compared to Macintosh laryngoscope in difficult airway intubation performed by paramedics wearing PPE-AGP is associated with shorter intubation times, greater intubation efficiency as well as better visualization of the glottis. Additional clinical trials are necessary to confirm the obtained results.
Mechanical and Hygroscopic Characteristics of Unidirectional Jute/Glass and Jute/Carbon Hybrid Laminates

ABSTRACT Physical and mechanical performance of natural fiber composites can be tailored by hybridizing with synthetic fibers. Jute fibers are promising and highly available at a low cost in some countries, and they have been used in several applications, with the extra benefit of helping socially depressed people who commonly explore this plant. This work investigates the effect of hybridization on the properties of jute/glass and jute/carbon laminates with polyester resin. Nine different laminates were manufactured by vacuum infusion using unidirectional jute, E-glass, and carbon fabric reinforcements. Tensile, flexural, and short beam tests were performed in accordance with ASTM standards. The hybrid composites showed generally intermediate properties compared to the non-hybrid two-component laminates. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were 50–75% smaller than those of their respective pure glass and pure carbon composites, but 30–300% higher compared to the pure jute composite. Among the hybrids, the number of layers of the synthetic fiber played the most important role on properties, rather than the layup. That is, the variation in the number of jute fabrics may produce the required combination of stiffness and strength for different applications. Besides, the hybrid laminates, with more layers of synthetic fibers showed better hygroscopic performance.
Psychometric Properties of the Child Neglect Scale and Risk Factors for Child Neglect in Chinese Young Males Who Were Incarcerated

Child neglect is an important risk factor for juvenile delinquency, while few studies have examined child neglect in Chinese juvenile delinquents due to the lack of appropriate measurement tools. The Child Neglect Scale is a 38-item retrospective self-report scale that specifically focuses on child neglect. The current study, therefore, aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Child Neglect Scale and risk factors for child neglect among Chinese juvenile delinquents. A total of 212 young males who were incarcerated participated in this study, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Child Neglect Scale, and basic information questionnaire were used to collect data. The results showed that the Child Neglect Scale has good reliability, and the mean inter-item correlation coefficients reach accepted standards. Moreover, it is found that child neglect is prevalent among Chinese young males who are incarcerated, with communication neglect occurring most frequently. Low levels of family monthly income and rural residency are risk factors for child neglect. The average scores of security neglect, physical neglect, and communication neglect of the participants respectively show statistically significant differences according to the type of major caregivers. Findings suggest that the Child Neglect Scale may be used to measure child neglect with four independent subscales in Chinese young males who are incarcerated.
Reflexivity of the group of surjective isometries on some Banach spaces

In this paper we study the problem of algebraic reflexivity of the isometry group of some important Banach spaces. Because of the previous work in similar topics, our main interest lies in the von Neumann – Schatten p-classes of compact operators. The ideas developed there can be used in ℓp-spaces, Banach spaces of continuous functions and spin factors as well. Moreover, we attempt to attract the attention to this problem from general Banach spaces geometry view-point. This study, we believe, would provide nice geometrical results.
Spectroscopic technique for the measurement of residual stress in sintered Al2O3

Using the R‐line fluorescence of trace Cr3+ in sintered Al2O3 as an example, a method of analysis is outlined for determining the residual microstress and macrostress in a polycrystalline aggregate. It uses the shift and broadening, induced by residual stress, of a line due to a transition in an atomic system dissolved in the aggregate. For sintered Al2O3 from three different manufacturers, but made for the same purpose, the isotropic and shearing components of the residual microstress and macrostress are listed in tabular form. For the isotropic component of the microstress a distribution is found, with a mean value of ∼2 kbar, in which tension and compression are equally probable.
Reciprocal Consistency Prediction Network for Multi-Step Human Trajectory Prediction

A reliable prediction of traffic participants’ trajectories is challenging for automated driving. We attempt to integrate human trajectory’s temporal and spatial reciprocal consistency into the prediction network structure. Moreover, humans are intention-driven agents, and modelling human intentions will continuously provide more accurate and detailed information for future trajectory prediction. In this paper, we propose a Reciprocal Consistency Prediction Network (RCPNet), a bi-directional prediction network consisting of the forward and the backward with a similar structure. The prior work of human trajectory prediction is mainly a unidirectional process, while RCPNet fully uses the past and future trajectory information at reverse temporal scales. By training the backward part to optimize the whole network parameters based on the reciprocal consistency, we can improve the prediction accuracy of the forward network. In particular, the framework incorporates a destination variational auto-encoder (DVAE) to estimate the target intention of humans and generate multi-modal trajectory prediction. In order to adapt to the offline prediction situation, we refer to the calculation method of correlation between two variables to present “Predictive Confidence” to clarify the reliability of offline predicted trajectories. Experimental results show that the RCPNet improves state-of-the-art performance on the SDD and ETH/UCY benchmarks.
Exome-Wide Association Study of Competitive Performance in Elite Athletes

The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants associated with personal best scores in Turkish track and field athletes and to compare allelic frequencies between sprint/power and endurance athletes and controls using a whole-exome sequencing (WES) approach, followed by replication studies in independent cohorts. The discovery phase involved 60 elite Turkish athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 ethnically matched controls. The replication phase involved 1132 individuals (115 elite Russian sprinters, 373 elite Russian endurance athletes (of which 75 athletes were with VO2max measurements), 209 controls, 148 Russian and 287 Finnish individuals with muscle fiber composition and cross-sectional area (CSA) data). None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reached an exome-wide significance level (p < 2.3 × 10−7) in genotype–phenotype and case–control studies of Turkish athletes. However, of the 53 nominally (p < 0.05) associated SNPs, four functional variants were replicated. The SIRT1 rs41299232 G allele was significantly over-represented in Turkish (p = 0.047) and Russian (p = 0.018) endurance athletes compared to sprint/power athletes and was associated with increased VO2max (p = 0.037) and a greater proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers (p = 0.035). The NUP210 rs2280084 A allele was significantly over-represented in Turkish (p = 0.044) and Russian (p = 0.012) endurance athletes compared to sprint/power athletes. The TRPM2 rs1785440 G allele was significantly over-represented in Turkish endurance athletes compared to sprint/power athletes (p = 0.034) and was associated with increased VO2max (p = 0.008). The AGRN rs4074992 C allele was significantly over-represented in Turkish sprint/power athletes compared to endurance athletes (p = 0.037) and was associated with a greater CSA of fast-twitch muscle fibers (p = 0.024). In conclusion, we present the first WES study of athletes showing that this approach can be used to identify novel genetic markers associated with exercise- and sport-related phenotypes.
Resiliency of healthcare expenditure to income shock: Evidence from dynamic heterogeneous panels

Using the World Bank data over the period of 1960–2019, this study aims at estimating the resiliency of health expenditures against gross domestic product (GDP). Long-run and short-run elasticities are calculated using the type of panel time series methods that are exclusively designed for dynamic heterogeneous panels: Mean Group, Pooled Mean Group, and Dynamic Fixed Effects estimators. These methods permit better estimations of elasticity with considerable heterogeneity across the 177 countries included in this study. Along with a standard elasticity estimation, this study estimates country-specific long-run and short-run elasticities along with error correction components. The study finds that the long-run elasticity of income is very close to unity, but short-run coefficients are insignificant for most nations. In addition, most countries revert to long-run equilibrium reasonably quickly if there is shock as the error correction coefficients are negative and, in many cases, very close to one. While for most developed countries, the short-run elasticities are lower in comparison with the short-run elasticities of developing countries indicating that many developing countries may face a larger decrease in health expenditure with the forecasted decline in income due to impending economic recession. Therefore, although this study is not directly intended to capture the post-COVID-19 effects, the study estimates may project the potential responses in health expenditure across countries due to potential income shocks.
Particle‐in‐cell simulations of whistler waves excited by an electron κ distribution in space plasma

[1] Satellite observations clearly reveal that superthermal electrons in space plasma generally possess a pronounced non-Maxwellian distribution that can be well modeled by a κ distribution. In this paper, one-dimensional (1-D) particle-in-cell simulations are performed to investigate the evolution of whistler waves driven by superthermal electrons with a typical κ distribution in the presence of a cold plasma population. The results obtained from the linear theory are first confirmed: with the increase of the spectral index κ for the κ distribution, the linear growth rate of the excited waves increases and instability threshold for the temperature anisotropy (A = T ⊥ /T ∥ - 1) decreases. Then we further find that with the increase of κ, the fluctuating magnetic field energy density at the saturation stage also increases. Therefore, from both the linear growth rate and the fluctuating magnetic field energy density at the saturation stage, we can find that a bi-Maxwellian distribution (κ → oo) overestimates the importance of whistler waves, since the observed value of κ lies in the range 2 < κ < 6. We also find that the κ values of the electron distributions become smaller with the excitation of the whistler waves.
On general transformations and variational principles for the magnetohydrodynamics of ideal fluids. Part 4. Generalized isovorticity principle for three-dimensional flows

The equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) of an ideal fluid have two families of topological invariants: the magnetic helicity invariants and the cross-helicity invariants. It is first shown that these invariants define a natural foliation (described as isomagnetovortical, or imv for short) in the function space in which solutions {u(x, t), h(x, t)} of the MHD equations reside. A relaxation process is constructed whereby total energy (magnetic plus kinetic) decreases on an imv folium (all magnetic and cross-helicity invariants being thus conserved). The energy has a positive lower bound determined by the global cross-helicity, and it is thus shown that a steady state exists having the (arbitrarily) prescribed families of magnetic and cross-helicity invariants. The stability of such steady states is considered by an appropriate generalization of (Arnold) energy techniques. The first variation of energy on the imv folium is shown to vanish, and the second variation δ2E is constructed. It is shown that δ2E is a quadratic functional of the first-order variations δ1u, δ1h of u and h (from a steady state U(x), H(x)), and that δ2E is an invariant of the linearized MHD equations. Linear stability is then assured provided δ2E is either positive-definite or negative-definite for all imv perturbations. It is shown that the results may be equivalently obtained through consideration of the frozen-in ‘modified’ vorticity field introduced in Part 1 of this series. Finally, the general stability criterion is applied to a variety of classes of steady states {U(x), H(x)}, and new sufficient conditions for stability to three-dimensional imv perturbations are obtained.
Controls Insensitizing the Norm of the Solution of a Semilinear Heat-Equation

Abstract We consider here a semilinear heat equation with partially known initial and boundary conditions. The insensitizing problem consists in finding a control function such that some functional of the state is locally insensitive to the perturbations of these initial and boundary data. In this paper the insensitizing control of the norm of the observation of the solution in an open subset of the domain is studied under appropriate assumptions on the nonlinearity and the observation subset. It is shown that the insensitivity conditions are equivalent to a particular nonlinear exact controllability problem for parabolic equations. Due to the smoothing effects of this type of equation, exact controllability is very hard to achieve and this is why it seems natural to introduce the idea of approximately insensitizing control and then to solve a nonlinear approximate controllability problem of a special type. That is done using a linearization and fixed point method. Solving the linear problem leads to the proof of a nontrivial uniqueness property which is abo used to characterize a particular subset of the admissible controls. This characterization is made thanks to a convex duality theorem and allows us to solve a fixed-point problem and get the result for the nonlinear case. Various comments and conclusions are eventually given, with other (approximately) insensitizing problems that can be solved by our methods.
Modeling the Fluid Flow for Recent Solidification Experiments in Microgravity Electromagnetic Levitation

Microgravity electromagnetic levitation provides a unique processing environment for solidification experiments. The contactless processing allows for greater access to the undercooled region of the melt by isolating the sample from its environment and reducing the available heterogeneous nucleation to consistently achieve deep undercoolings. In the ISS-EML, a variety of solidification studies have investigated the relationship between nucleation temperature and flow conditions in metallic melts. These studies include recent work by Kelton et al. in which the coupled flux nucleation model was used to explore solidification in supercooled liquids using glass forming alloys: Vit106, Cu50Zr50, and Ti39.5Zr39. 5Ni21. The relationship between fluid flow and nucleation is also a critical factor in recent experiments investigating dynamic nucleation. Unexplained solidification events occurred during both Spacelab Missions IML-2, MSL-1R, and ISS-EML. These experiments encompassed both steady and transient, accelerating flows. Repeatable, anomalous solidification was observed in both flow conditions. The conditions are consistent with dynamic nucleation, which relies heavily on the flow conditions within the sample for nucleation to occur. During these experiments, flow is not directly observable; however, magnetohydrodynamic models allow the flow to be calculated using the properties of the melt and the experimental conditions. These models provide key insights into the flow conditions and the impacts of flow on nucleation in these experiments.
Design of two-dimensional FIR digital filters by McClellan transform and quadratic programming

A quadratic programming (QP) approach for determining the coefficients of the McClellan transform is presented for the design of 2-D FIR digital filters. Three features of the proposed method are as follows. First, the transform parameters are determined by minimising the integration of the squared errors along the desired contour. Second, a set of linear constraints are incorporated into the QP formulation such that the conventional scaling problem of the transform can be avoided. Third, the optimal cutoff frequencies of a 1-D prototype filter are obtained directly from the QP solution. Several design examples, including fan filters, elliptic filters, diamond filters and bandpass filters, are illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the QP method.
No alterations in potential indirect markers of locus coeruleus–norepinephrine function in insomnia disorder

The norepinephrine locus coeruleus system (LC NE) represents a promising treatment target in patients with insomnia disorder (ID) due to its well understood links to arousal and sleep regulation. However, consistent markers of LC NE activity are lacking. This study measured three potential indirect markers of LC NE activity – REM sleep, P3 amplitude during an auditory oddball paradigm (as a marker of phasic LC activation), and baseline pupil diameter (as a marker of tonic LC activation). The parameters were then combined in a statistical model and tested to compare LC NE activity between 20 subjects with insomnia disorder (13 female; age 44.2 ± 15.1 year) and 20 healthy, good sleeping controls (GSC; 11 female; age 45.4 ± 11.6 year). No group differences regarding the primary outcome parameters were detected. Specifically, insomnia disorder did not display the hypothesised changes in markers of LC NE function. While increased LC NE function remains an interesting speculative pathway for hyperarousal in insomnia disorder, the investigated markers do not appear closely related to each other and fail to discriminate between insomnia disorder and good sleeping controls in these samples.
Association between acculturation and physician trust for internal migrants: A cross-sectional study in China

Background Physician trust is a critical determinant of the physician–patient relationship and is necessary for an effective health system. Few studies have investigated the association between acculturation and physician trust. Thus, this study analyzed the association between acculturation and physician trust among internal migrants in China by using a cross-sectional research design. Methods Of the 2000 adult migrants selected using systematic sampling, 1330 participants were eligible. Among the eligible participants, 45.71% were female, and the mean age was 28.50 years old (standard deviation = 9.03). Multiple logistic regression was employed. Results Our findings indicated that acculturation was significantly associated with physician trust among migrants. The length of stay (LOS), the ability of speaking Shanghainese, and the integration into daily life were identified as contributing factors for physician trust when controlling for all the covariates in the model. Conclusion We suggest that specific LOS-based targeted policies and culturally sensitive interventions can promote acculturation among Shanghai’s migrants and improve their physician trust.
A Review of Thunderstorm Electrification Processes

Abstract Recent developments in the area of thunderstorm electrification processes are reviewed. These processes have two main divisions; (a) convective, in which particles charged by ion capture are moved by convection currents to strengthen the electric field in the cloud, and (b) processes involving charge transfer during particle interactions, following which oppositely charged particles move apart in the updraft to form the observed charge centers. Type-b processes are further subdivided into inductive (relying on the preexistence of an electric field) and noninductive charge-transfer mechanisms. Field and laboratory evidence points to the importance of interactions between particles of the ice phase, in the presence of liquid water droplets, in separating electric charge in thunderstorms. Recent experimental studies have investigated the dependence of charge transfer on the size and relative velocity of the interacting particles and have determined the dependence of the sign of the charge transfer o.
Relationship between dietary macronutrient composition with weight loss after bariatric surgery: A systematic review

This systematic review evaluated the relationship between macronutrient intake and weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS). The MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, COCHRANE/CENTRAL, and SCOPUS databases were accessed in August 2021 to search for eligible articles: original publications with adults undergoing BS and indicating the relationship between macronutrients and weight loss. Titles that did not meet these criteria were excluded. The review was written according to the PRISMA guide, and the risk of bias was according to the Joanna Briggs manual. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by another. Eight articles with 2.378 subjects were included. The studies indicated a positive relationship between weight loss and protein intake after BS. Prioritization of protein followed by carbohydrates with a lower percentage of lipids favors weight loss and increases weight stability after BS. Among the results found, a 1% increase in protein intake raises the probability of obesity remission by 6%, and high‐protein diet increase 50% weight loss success. Limitations are the methods of included studies and review process. It is concluded that high‐protein intake >60 g a 90 g/day may favor weight loss and maintenance after BS, but it is relevant to balance the other macronutrients.