Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bycatch of crustacean and fish bottom trawl fisheries from southern Portugal (Algarve)

As part of two research projects for analysing bycatch and discards, we quantified catch composition, catch rates, bycatch and discards in two important commercial bottom trawl fisheries (crustacean and fish trawls) off the southern coast of Portugal (Algarve). Stratified sampling by onboard observers took place from February 1999 to March 2001 and data were collected from 165 tows during 52 fishing trips. Commercial target species included crustaceans: blue and red shrimp ( Aristeus antennatus ), deep-water rose shrimp ( Parapenaeus longirostris ), Norway lobster ( Nephrops norvegicus ); and fishes: seabreams ( Diplodus spp. and Pagellus spp.), horse mackerels ( Trachurus spp.) and European hake ( Merluccius merluccius ). The trawl fisheries are characterised by considerable amounts of bycatch: 59.5% and 80.4% of the overall total catch for crustacean and fish trawlers respectively. A total of 255 species were identified, which belonged to 15 classes of organisms (137 vertebrates, 112 invertebrates and 6 algae). Crustacean trawlers had higher bycatch biodiversity. Bony fish (45.6% and 37.8%) followed by crustaceans (14.6% and 11.5%) were the dominant bycatch components of both crustacean and fish trawlers respectively. The influence of a number of factors (e.g. depth, fishing gear, tow duration and season) on bycatch and discards is discussed.
Lifestyles, Income, Health Factors, and Life Satisfaction of Older Hispanic Adults

The aim of this study was to explore to what extent life styles, income, and health factors contribute to the life satisfaction of Hispanic older adults. A secondary data analysis from a national survey of Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (HEPESE) (Markides, Ray, Angel, & Espino, 2012) was used. Subjects were Hispanic older adults (over 75 years, n = 1542). For this study, Hispanics and Latinos were considered as one and the same. A two-step hierarchical regression was conducted to address the research question. The results showed health status and income were unique predictors in the first step and (a) eating out with family, (b) eating out with friends, (c) spending time on cooking were unique predictors in the second step. It is culturally consistent that Hispanic older adults are more satisfied when they have time eating with people around them (e.g., family, friends) and spending time on cooking.
Multimodal Stratified Approach for Prevention of Thromboembolism in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty

Objective: To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a multimodal stratified approach for prevention of thromboembolism in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty. Method: A longitudinal retrospective clinical study of a cohort of 341 individuals undergoing total hip arthroplasty between March 2008 and July 2016. Of these, 242 patients met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Individuals with a history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism, thrombophilia, hypercoagulation conditions, and chronic users of anticoagulants before surgery received enoxaparin at a dose of 40 mg/day for 21 days. For the other group, acetylsalicylic acid was prescribed at a dose of 200 mg/day for 30 days. All patients had surgical risk assessed by the American Anesthesiology Association classified as I or II, and underwent regional anesthesia, effective hydration, the same protocol of early postoperative rehabilitation, and the use of compression stockings. Drug cost analysis was performed based on the Brasindice. To date, there are no publications in PubMed and Scielo on this subject regarding the Brazilian population. Results: The need for blood transfusion in the enoxaparin group was higher and the overall complication and hemorrhagic rates were also significantly higher (p < 0.010) in this group. Aspirin prescription costs 39 times less than enoxaparin. Conclusion: In patients without predisposing factors to thromboembolism and undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty, the multimodal approach with acetylsalicylic acid seems to be effective, with low cost and a low rate of complications.
GAMBARAN FIGUR OTORITAS TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PERAWAT DALAM IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR PROSEDUR OPERASIONAL KEBERSIHAN TANGAN

Background: Nurses’ obedience in the implementation of Standard Operational Procedures of hand hygiene is an effort in preventing phlebitis in the hospital. Report on surveillance data by Infection Prevention and Control or Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi (PPI) RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro 2017 mentioned the incidence of phlebitis in the Inpatient Installation reached 2.73%. One cause of high rates of phlebitis is incorrect nurse’s hand-washing technique according to the procedures.Aims: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between status of location from RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro, personal responsibility, legitimacy, status, and proximity of authority figures and nurses’ obedience to Standards Operational Procedures of hand hygiene before and after intravenous installation.Method: This study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional framework. This study was conducted in April 2018 at in-patient installation of RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro by inviting 52 nurses chosen with stratified random sampling.Results: It was found that there was a significant correlation between personal responsibility (p = 0.020), status (0.015) and proximity of authority figure (p = 0.000) and nurses’ obedience to the implementation of Standard Operational Procedures of hand hygiene before and after intravenous installation in in-patient installation of RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the majority of the nurses did not follow hand hygiene stages well. The hospital needs to improve nurses’ personal responsibility, authority figure status, and rapport of authority figure.Keywords: hand hygiene, nurse obedience, Standard Operational Procedures
Chronic pain is associated with a brain aging biomarker in community-dwelling older adults

Abstract Chronic pain is associated with brain atrophy with limited evidence on its impact in the older adult's brain. We aimed to determine the associations between chronic pain and a brain aging biomarker in persons aged 60 to 83 years old. Participants of the Neuromodulatory Examination of Pain and Mobility Across the Lifespan (NEPAL) study (N = 47) completed demographic, psychological, and pain assessments followed by a quantitative sensory testing battery and a T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We estimated a brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) that has been previously reported to predict overall mortality risk (brain-PAD, calculated as brain-predicted age minus chronological age), using an established machine-learning model. Analyses of covariances and Pearson/Spearman correlations were used to determine associations of brain-PAD with pain, somatosensory function, and psychological function. Individuals with chronic pain (n = 33) had “older” brains for their age compared with those without (n = 14; F[1,41] = 4.9; P = 0.033). Greater average worst pain intensity was associated with an “older” brain (r = 0.464; P = 0.011). Among participants with chronic pain, those who reported having pain treatments during the past 3 months had “younger” brains compared with those who did not (F[1,27] = 12.3; P = 0.002). An “older” brain was significantly associated with decreased vibratory (r = 0.323; P = 0.033) and thermal (r = 0.345; P = 0.023) detection, deficient endogenous pain inhibition (F[1,25] = 4.6; P = 0.044), lower positive affect (r = −0.474; P = 0.005), a less agreeable (r = −0.439; P = 0.020), and less emotionally stable personality (r = −0.387; P = 0.042). Our findings suggest that chronic pain is associated with added “age-like” brain atrophy in relatively healthy, community-dwelling older individuals, and future studies are needed to determine the directionality of our findings. A brain aging biomarker may help identify people with chronic pain at a greater risk of functional decline and poorer health outcomes.
Injury Profile and Risk Factors in a Young High Competitive Population of Judo Athletes

Background: High competitive level judo practice from a very young age, may lead to an increasing risk of injury. The aim of this study is to identify injury risk factors in a young high-level judo population to develop future specific strategies for injury prevention. Methods: An individual questionnaire was applied by physicians to cadet and junior athletes that competed in international judo tournaments in 2014. Statistical inferential analysis was performed to identify the major injury risk factors and injury patterns in these ages. Results: 212 athletes from 13 different countries (53% portuguese) answered the questionnaire. Male predominance was found, and a mean age of 16,8 ±1,5 years with 9,7±3,1years of judo practice. We found 347 injuries, with 83% of the athletes reporting at least one injury. The majority of injuries occurred to the limbs (85%) during training period (71%), in the throwing phase (87,6%), as a consequence of direct contact (72%) and with articular involvement (62%). Sprain was the most common type (36%) and shoulder the most specific segment affected (25%) with an occurrence twice as high during defense movements [p=0,018]. Injury occurrence was associated with training load (p=0,001), whilst the number of injuries with the age [p=0,005], need to lose weight (p=0,007) and training load (0,001). Conclusions: Increasing age, need to lose weight and training load were identified as injury risk factors for these ages. We also verified that shoulder injuries are significantly more frequent during defense movements, being these ones that led to more severe injuries
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Urine of Patients in Selected General Hospitals in Abuja Municipal, Nigeria

This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli from urine of patients with suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) in selected general hospitals in Abuja Municipal, Nigeria. Four Hundred and Thirty urine samples were collected between September 2017 and May 2018 from patients attending Asokoro General Hospital (AGH), Garki Hospital Abuja (GHA) and Wuse General Hospital (WGH); and E. coli was isolated and identified by culture, microscopy and biochemical tests. The overall occurrence of E. coli was 52 (12.1%). The occurrences in relation to the hospitals were of the order: GHA (14.7%) > WGH (12.6%) > AGH (9.0%). The highest (50%) occurrence was at age 41-50 years in WGH, and the lowest (4.3%) was at age 31-40 years in AGH. More females than males harboured the bacteria in all the hospitals. Isolates from AGH showed highest (100.0%) resistance to Sulphamethoxazole/Trimethoprim but least (0.0%) resistance to Ciprofloxacin. Isolates from GHA showed the highest resistance to Cefotaxime and Streptomycin (95.2%) but least (23.8%) to Gentamicin and Imipenem. Isolates from WGH showed highest (88.8%) resistance to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid but least (16.7%) to Sulphamethoxazole/Trimethoprim. The commonest antibiotic resistance phenotype in AGH was Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Streptomycin-Cefotaxime-Ceftazidime-Imipenem-Ampicillin (3.9%); in GHA was Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Streptomycin-Sulphamethoxazole/Trimethoprim-Cefotaxime-Ceftazidime-Ampicillin (7.7%); and in WGH was Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Streptomycin-Cefotaxime-Cefotaxime-Ceftazidime-Imipenem-Ampicillin (3.9%). All the isolates had MAR indices above 0.2; the most common index in AGH was 0.4 (at 30.8%), GHA was 0.7 (at 33.3%) and WGH was 0.7 (at 27.8%). The commonest class of antibiotic resistance was MDR with the order of occurrence as: GHA (92.2%) > WGH (77.7%) > AGH (76.6%). Ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and imipenem were the most effective antibiotics in the study location. However, MAR indices in this study have shown that the isolates originated from an environment where antibiotics are freely available and misused/abused. Hence, there is a need for greater monitoring of antibiotic supplies and use.
Clinical Utility of Gene Expression Classifiers in Men With Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer.

Purpose Tissue-based gene expression classifiers (GECs) may assist with management decisions in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. We sought to assess the current use of GEC tests and determine how the test results are associated with primary disease management. Methods In this observational study, patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer were tracked through the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative registry. The utilization and results of three GECs (Decipher Prostate Biopsy, Oncotype DX Prostate, and Prolaris) were prospectively collected. Practice patterns, predictors of GEC use, and effect of GEC results on disease management were investigated. Results Of 3,966 newly diagnosed patients, 747 (18.8%) underwent GEC testing. The rate of GEC use in individual practices ranged from 0% to 93%, and patients undergoing GEC testing were more likely to have a lower prostate-specific antigen level, lower Gleason score, lower clinical T stage, and fewer positive cores (all P < .05). Among patients with clinical favorable risk of cancer, the rate of active surveillance (AS) differed significantly among patients with a GEC result above the threshold (46.2%), those with a GEC result below the threshold (75.9%), and those who did not undergo GEC (57.9%; P < .001 for comparison of the three groups). This results in an estimate that, for every nine men with favorable risk of cancer who undergo GEC testing, one additional patient may have their disease initially managed with AS. On multivariable analysis, patients with favorable-risk prostate cancer who were classified as GEC low risk were more likely to be managed on AS than those without testing (odds ratio, 1.84; P = .006). Conclusion There is large variability in practice-level use and GEC tests ordered in patients with newly diagnosed, localized prostate cancer. In patients with clinical favorable risk of cancer, GEC testing significantly increased the use of AS. Additional follow-up will help determine whether incorporation of GEC testing into initial patient care favorably affects clinical outcomes.
Antibacterial properties of novel dental composites for paediatric dentistry

4 List of Tables . 9 List of Figures . 9 List of Abbreviations . 12 List of symbols . 14 1. Chapter One: Literature Review. 15 1.1 Caries . 15 1.1.1 Definition . 15 1.1.2 Epidemiology . 15 1.1.3 Aetiology . 17 1.1. 4 Pathogenesis . 17 1.1. 5 Streptococcus mutans . 20 1.1. 6 Management . 21 1.2 Dental Materials . 22 1.2. 1 Amalgam . 22 1.2. 2 Glass Ionomer Cement . 23 1.2. 3 Biodentine . 24 1.2. 4 Compomers . 25 1.2. 5 Composite . 25 1.3 Antibacterials in dental composites . 29 1.3. 1 History . 29 1.3. 2 Fluoride . 29 1.3. 3 Chlorhexidine . 30 1.3. 4 Polylysine . 31
Clinical and Economic Outcomes of the Minimalist Approach for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

ABSTRACT Background: To examine contemporary clinical and economic outcomes with the implementation of a minimalist program (MP) for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis. TAVR continues to evolve with the adoption of methods intended to maximize cost-savings while maintaining clinical effectiveness, patient safety, and satisfaction. Methods: A multidisciplinary collaboration was undertaken to develop a MP for transfemoral TAVR using conscious sedation anesthesia (CS) and resource optimization. Outcomes for 107 patients treated with MP were compared to 107 univariate-matched control patients who underwent TAVR with general anesthesia (GA). Results: There were no differences between the two groups with respect to demographics, aortic stenosis severity, morbidities, symptoms, or frailty. Procedural success, major adverse complications and quality of life were also comparable. During the use of MP, there were no conversions to GA. In comparison to control patients, those who had TAVR with MP had shorter median hospital length-of-stay (LOS) (2.0 days [1.6, 2.7] vs. 3.0 days [2.0, 5.1]; p < 0.001). Implementation of MP was associated with a significant decrease in total variable costs of 17.9%, an increase in patients with a positive contribution margin (from 30% in 2015 to 65% in 2017), and cumulative cost savings of $3.6 million over 2 years. Conclusions: The implementation of a multidisciplinary minimalist TAVR program is associated with significant reductions in LOS and hospital costs, without compromising clinical outcomes or quality of life.
Protogyny is an Attractive Option Over Emasculation for Hybridization in Pigeonpea

Hybridization is the initial step for creating genetic variability in conventional breeding programmes. Pigeonpea is one of the crops in which some genetic mechanisms including protogyny tends to promote natural outcrossing. Considering these facts in view, an investigation was performed to assess the feasibility of crossing without emasculation. Sixteen crosses were made with and without emasculation during the year 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. The number of crossed pods was significantly greater under crossing without emasculation than with emasculation. “Selfs” were observed in both the schemes, which could be ascribed to chance events and could further be brought down to zero per cent by selecting appropriate buds depending on environmental conditions. The results showed that protogyny-mediated hybridization is an alternative method to crossing involving emasculation in pigeonpe
Self-Management: A Comprehensive Approach to Management of Chronic Conditions

For both clinical and economic reasons, the increasing number of persons living with chronic conditions represents a public health issue of growing importance. Emphasizing patient responsibility, and acting in concert with the provider community, self-management represents a promising strategy for treating chronic conditions-moving beyond education to teaching individuals to actively identify challenges and solve problems associated with their illness. Self-management also shows potential as an effective paradigm across the prevention spectrum (primary, secondary, and tertiary) by establishing a pattern for health early in life and providing strategies for mitigating illness and managing it in later life. We suggest ways to advance research methods and practical applications of self-management as steps in its future development and implementation.
Lack of evidence for the role of human adenovirus 36 in obesity of Egyptian children

Introduction: Obesity has become the most prevalent chronic disorder that affects large populations, particularly children, all over the world. Although the cause of obesity has largely been considered to be multifactorial, the concept of a viral origin has been relatively understudied, in comparison with genetic and behavioral causes. Emerging evidence supports adenovirus 36 (Ad 36) as a potential cause of human obesity. We aimed to examine whether Ad 36 infection is associated with obesity and lipid disorders in Egyptian children. Material and methods: One hundred and thirty children and adolescents were included in this study; 80 of them were obese and 50 were controls. All participated in physical and clinical examination. Personal habits of nutrition, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory parameters including plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index, lipid profile and Ad 36-specific neutralizing antibodies were assessed. Results: Food habit inquiries revealed that 70% of all children had snacks before lunch, which were significantly higher in carbohydrates and fats in obese subjects (p = 0.009). No significant difference in lipid profile was found between the 2 groups. Obese children had significantly higher levels of insulin and HOMA-IR index than the controls. Adenovirus 36 IgG was positive in only 2 of the obese children. Age was positively correlated with BAZ, insulin levels and HOMA index (r = 0.29, p < 0.001; r = 0.29, p = 0.001 and r = 0.22, p = 0.013, respectively). A positive correlation between insulin and BAZ (r = 0.24, p = 0.007) was found. Conclusions: No association was found between obesity and infection with Ad 36 in Egyptian children, indicating that Ad 36 has a limited effect as a causative agent of obesity in the Egyptian community.
CHFR Expression in Breast Cancer Cells: Its Relevance to Tumorigenesis and Genomic Stability.

CHFR EXPRESSION IN BREAST CANCER CELLS: ITS RELEVANCE TO TUMORIGENESIS AND GENOMIC STABILITY by Lisa Marie Privette Chair: Elizabeth M. Petty Breast cancer can develop when genes that control the cell cycle and genomic stability are aberrantly expressed or non-functional. CHFR encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that reportedly delays mitosis in response to microtubule-targeting drugs (i.e. nocodazole and taxanes). Loss of CHFR mRNA expression has been reported in many cancers, including breast cancer, but the relevance of this to tumorigenesis remains unknown. To test if CHFR was relevant for mammary tumorigenesis, we analyzed the effects of altered expression in breast cancers. Nearly 40% of cultured and primary breast cancers had low or no CHFR, which was associated with large tumor size in patient samples. Decreased CHFR expression by RNAi in immortalized human mammary epithelial cell (IHMEC) lines resulted in taxane sensitivity and the acquisition of tumorigenic phenotypes including faster growth rates, higher mitotic indices, enhanced invasiveness and motility, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions, increased aneuploidy, and colony formation in soft agar. Conversely, over-expressing CHFR in breast cancer cells caused slower growth and decreased invasiveness and motility.
The Role of Early Habilitation in Infants with Congenital Brachial Palsy

Abstract Congenital brachial palsy (CBP) can have long-term consequences such as deformities, contractures and growth imbalance of the affected arm and shoulder girdle that can lead to severe handicap. The aim of the paper was to determine the effectiveness of early habilitation in infants with CBP. This retrospective clinical study included 34 infants who were habilitated in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Clinical Center Niš, during the period from 2000 to 2017. The protocol consisted of passive and active-assisted range of motion exercises for the affected arm, neurodevelopmental treatment, warm packs and electrotherapy, starting from the 3rd week of life. At the Clinic, 20 sessions were conducted and parents were educated with handling and home exercise program. The infants were re-evaluated each month during the first year of life. The modification of the manual muscle test (MMT) was used to assess the muscle strength (grades 0- 3). At 6 and 12 months of age, the outcome was defined as a full recovery (grade 3 of the affected muscles) and partial recovery (grades 1-2). Male sex predominated (56%). The right arm was more commonly affected (65%). Birth weight was over 4000g in 65% of infants. Fifty-nine percent of infants had upper, 26.5% "extended" and 14.5% had complete root palsy. Associated injuries were noted in 10 infants. The habilitation started in the first month of life in 64.7% of infants. At 6 months of age, full recovery was achieved only in one infant, while at 12 months, 56% of infants were fully recovered (p < 0.05). The majority of fully recovered infants was from the group with the upper type of lesion (p < 0.05). Early habilitation program is effective in infants with CBP. It is especially effective in the upper root palsy.