Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Moist Potential Temperatures and Their Ability to Characterize Differences in the Properties of Air Parcels

A framework is introduced to compare moist “potential” temperatures. The equivalent potential temperature θe, the liquid water potential temperature θℓ, and the entropy potential temperature θs are all shown to be potential temperatures, in the sense that they measure the temperatures of certain reference-state systems whose entropy is the same as that of the air parcel. They only differ in the choice of reference-state composition—θℓ describes the temperature a condensate-free state, θe a vapor-free state, and θs a water-free state—required to have the same entropy as the given state. Although in this sense θe, θℓ, and θs are all different flavors of the same thing, only θℓ satisfies the stricter definition of a “potential temperature,” as corresponding to a reference temperature accessible by an isentropic and closed transformation of a system in equilibrium; both θe and θℓ measure the “relative” enthalpy of an air parcel at their respective reference states, but only θs measures air-parcel entropy. None mix linearly, but all do so approximately, and all reduce to the dry potential temperature θ in the limit as the water mass fraction goes to zero. As is well known, θ does mix linearly and inherits all the favorable (entropic, enthalpic, and potential temperature) properties of its various—but descriptively less rich—moist counterparts. All involve quite complex expressions, but admit relatively simple and useful approximations. Of the three moist “potential” temperatures, θs is the least familiar, but the most well mixed in the broader tropics, a property that merits further study as a possible basis for constraining mixing processes.
Complications Leading to Keratoplasty among Contact Lens Users and LASIK Patients: A 10-Year Cross-Sectional Analysis

Purpose To determine the incidence and outcomes in patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) resulting from complications related to contact lens (CL) use and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in a metropolitan area of the United States. Methods Population data was obtained from the United States Census Bureau and the Centers for Disease Control. A retrospective, cross-sectional chart review was performed on all patients who underwent keratoplasty in a specific metropolitan geographic area over a ten-year period. The main outcome was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 2 years in patients who underwent PK secondary to complications related to CL use and LASIK. The secondary outcome was the relative risk of undergoing PK secondary to a complication related to CL use versus LASIK. Results The study's geographic area had 46,545 CL users in one or both eyes during any given year and 10,285 patients who underwent LASIK in one or both eyes during the study interval. There were 24 CL users (0.52 per 1,000) and 3 post-LASIK patients (0.29 per 1,000) who underwent PK secondary to complications during the study interval (OR 1.77 [0.53–5.87, 95% CI]; p=0.35). BCVA at 2 years was 1.45 [1.0–1.90] logMAR (20/564 Snellen) in the CL using cohort and 0.07 [−1.19–1.33] logMAR (20/23 Snellen) in post-LASIK cohort following PK (p=0.04). Conclusions Patients who underwent PK secondary to complications related to CL use had worse visual outcomes at 2 years compared to those related to LASIK. Complications leading to PK were rare in both cohorts, but the incidence of undergoing PK secondary to CL use trended higher than LASIK.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Production among Clinical Strain Isolated from Medical Devices

Microbial biofilms pose a serious threat to patients requiring medical devices (MDs). Prolonged periods of implantation carry a high risk of device-related infections (DRIs). Patients with DRIs often have negative outcomes following the failure of antibiotic treatment. Resistant DRIs are mainly due to the MDs contamination by bacteria producing biofilm. The present study aimed to detect biofilm formation among MD bacterial isolates and to explore their antibiotic resistance profile. The study was conducted on 76 MDs, collected at University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” between October 2019 and September 2020. Identification of isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Phoenix Becton Dickinson, respectively. Biofilm-forming abilities were assessed using the tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Among the 94 MDs isolated strains, 42.7% were Gram-positive, 40.3% Gram-negative, and 17% Candida species. Among 78 bacterial strains, 43.6% were non-biofilm producers while 56.4% produced biofilms. All biofilm producing isolates were sensitive to a limited spectrum of antibiotic classes. All moderate and strong biofilm producers and 81% of weak biofilm producers were Multidrug Resistance (MDR) strains. In contrast, among non-biofilm producers, only 11.8% were classified as MDR strains. Our results highlighted that Sulfamides and Glycopeptides for the major Gram-positive strains and Fluoroquinolones, Carbapenems, and Aminoglycosides for the most represented Gram-negative isolates could be the most suitable therapeutic choice for most biofilm-DRIs.
OC-STAMP Overexpression Drives Lung Alveolar Epithelial Cell Type II Senescence in Silicosis

Cellular senescence has been considered an important driver of many chronic lung diseases. However, the specific mechanism of cellular senescence in silicosis is still unknown. In the present study, silicotic rats and osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (Ocstamp) overexpression of MLE-12 cells were used to explore the mechanism of OC-STAMP in cellular senescence in alveolar epithelial cell type II (AEC2). We found an increasing level of OC-STAMP in AEC2 of silicotic rats. Overexpression of Ocstamp in MLE-12 cells promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and cellular senescence. Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) was a potential interacting protein of OC-STAMP. Knockdown of Ocstamp or Myh9 inhibited cellular senescence in MLE-12 cells transfected with pcmv6-Ocstamp. Treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) to inhibit ER stress also attenuated cellular senescence in vitro or in vivo. In conclusion, OC-STAMP promotes cellular senescence in AEC2 in silicosis.
Synthesis and Photophysical and Anion‐Sensing Properties of Triarylborane‐Substituted Cross‐Conjugated and Conjugated Thienothiophenes

Two novel organoboron compounds BBTT1 and BBTT2 possessing conjugated thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and cross-conjugated thieno[2,3-b]thiophene, respectively, as electron donors (D) and bis-triarylboron units as electron acceptors (A) linked via thiophene -spacers are synthesized and structurally characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The donor capabilities of thienothiophenes are examined in view of their electrochemical and photophysical properties. Also, their solvatochromic behaviours in different solvents as well as their anion recognitions are thoroughly investigated. Compounds BBTT1 and BBTT2 acts as colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity towards F−. Furthermore, BBTT1 displays a peculiar red shift in fluorescent titration experiments upon binding of F− to the borane moiety, and a "turned on" chemosensor character for detection of fluoride accompanying a bright emission colour change takes place. On the other hand, the binding of F− to BBTT2 results in a "turned off" sensor property. Electronic and structural characteristics of them and fluoride sensing properties were assessed by DFT level computations.
Linguistic and developmental influences on superordinate facial configuration categorization in infancy.

Humans perceive emotions in terms of categories, such as "happiness," "sadness," and "anger. " To learn these complex conceptual emotion categories, humans must first be able to perceive regularities in expressive behaviors (e.g., facial configurations) across individuals. Recent research suggests that infants spontaneously form "basic-level" categories of facial configurations (e.g., happy vs. fear), but not "superordinate" categories of facial configurations (e.g., positive vs. negative). The current studies further explore how infant age and language impact superordinate categorization of facial configurations associated with different negative emotions. Across all experiments, infants were habituated to one person displaying facial configurations associated with anger and disgust. While 10-month-olds formed a category of person identity (Experiment 1), 14-month-olds formed a category that included negative facial configurations displayed by the same person (Experiment 2). However, neither age formed the hypothesized superordinate category of negative valence. When a verbal label ("toma") was added to each of the habituation events (Experiment 3), 10-month-olds formed a category similar to 14-month-olds in Experiment 2. These findings intersect a larger conversation about the nature and development of children's emotion categories and highlight the importance of considering developmental processes, such as language learning and attentional/memory development, in the design and interpretation of infant categorization studies.
Novel intrinsic neurogenic and myogenic mechanisms underlying the formation of faecal pellets along the large intestine of guinea‐pigs

Soft faecal material is transformed into discrete, pellet‐shaped faeces at the colonic flexure. Here, analysis of water content in natural faecal material revealed a decline from cecum to rectum without significant changes at the flexure. Thus, pellet formation is not explained by changes in viscosity alone. We then used video imaging of colonic wall movements with electromyography in isolated preparations containing guinea‐pig proximal colon, colonic flexure and distal colon. To investigate the pellet formation process, the colonic segments were infused with artificial contents (Krebs solution and 4–6% methylcellulose) to simulate physiological faecal content flow. Remarkably, pellet formation took place in vitro, without extrinsic neural inputs. Infusion evoked slowly propagating neurogenic contractions, the proximal colon migrating motor complexes (∼0.6 cpm), which initiated pellet formation at the flexure. Lesion of the flexure, but not the proximal colon, disrupted the formation of normal individual pellets. In addition, a distinct myogenic mechanism was identified, whereby slow phasic contractions (∼1.9 cpm) initiated at the flexure and propagated short distances retrogradely into the proximal colon and antegradely into the distal colon. There were no detectable changes in the density or distribution of pacemaker‐type interstitial cells of Cajal across the flexure. The findings provide new insights into how solid faecal content is generated, suggesting the major mechanisms underlying faecal pellet formation involve the unique interaction at the colonic flexure between antegrade proximal colon migrating motor complexes, organized by enteric neurons, and retrograde myogenic slow phasic contractions. Additional, as yet unidentified extrinsic and/or humoral influences appear to contribute to processing of faecal content in vivo.
Apoptosis resistance induced by cytokines in SW 982 culture was suppressed by red jasmine rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) crude extract

Background Rhuematoid arthritis (RA) is associated with in fl ammation of the synovial membranewhich results in an abnormal proliferation and resistance to the apoptosis process in synovialfi broblasts leading to synovial hyperplasia and joint destruction. Reversal of apoptosis resistance of fibroblasts in RA synovium is one of the targets for suppression of RA pathogenesis.Objectives This study aimed to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effects of crude extract of redjasmine rice (CE) on proin fl ammatory cytokine-stimulated apoptosis resistance in a human synovialsarcoma cell line (SW982). Methods SW982 cells were preincubated for 6 hours with combined cytokines, tumor necrosisfactor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 17-A (IL-17A). That was followed by the addition of CE at a concentration of 12.50-100 μg/ml. After either 24 or 48 hours of incubation, expression of apoptotic relatedgenes, including the FLICE-like inhibitory protein gene (FLIP), the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2), andthe pro-apoptotic gene (Bax), was determined by real-time PCR. Expression of the apoptotic cellswas determined by fl ow cytometric analysis and the caspase-3 activity was analyzed by ELISA.Results The expression of the apoptosis resistance markers, FLIP and Bcl-2/Bax ratio, was signi fi -cantly elevated when the cells were treated with the combined cytokines compared with the controlgroup. These markers were signi fi cantly decreased when co-treated with CE. These results wereconcomitant with a rise in caspase-3 activity and an increase in apoptotic cells when compared tothe cytokine-treated group.Conclusions CE reduces cytokine-induced apoptotic resistance in SW982 cells via down regulation of the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. These results suggest application of CE is an alternative treatment of RA.
Three‐year U.S. pharmacovigilance report of brodalumab

Brodalumab, an interleukin‐17 receptor A antagonist, is approved for treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in adults without response or with loss of response to other systemic therapies. In the United States, there is a boxed warning for brodalumab regarding suicidal ideation and behavior; however, no causal relationship between brodalumab and suicidality was established during pivotal trials. In the 2‐year pharmacovigilance data, no completed suicides or suicide attempts were reported. The most frequent adverse event (AE) was arthralgia. The safety profile of brodalumab is now being updated after 3 years of pharmacovigilance data. Here, we outline pharmacovigilance data reported to Ortho Dermatologics by patients and healthcare professionals in the United States from August 15, 2017, to August 14, 2020. Brodalumab exposure estimates were obtained by calculating the time between first and last prescription‐dispensing authorization dates. Data from 1854 patients were collected, and brodalumab exposure was estimated to be 2736 patient‐years. The most frequent AE was arthralgia (111 events; 0.04 events per patient‐year). One episode of suicide attempt was reported in a patient with a history of depression. No completed suicides were reported. There were 81 serious infections reported, none of which were fungal. Over the 3‐year period, 30 malignancies occurred in 25 patients, none of which were determined to be related to brodalumab. Three‐year pharmacovigilance data are consistent with the safety profile of brodalumab previously reported in long‐term analyses of clinical trials and the 2‐year pharmacovigilance data.
Social environment affects sensory gene expression in ant larvae

Social insects depend on communication to regulate social behaviour. This also applies to their larvae, which are commonly exposed to social interactions and can react to social stimulation. However, how social insect larvae sense their environment is not known. Using RNAseq, we characterized expression of sensory‐related genes in larvae of the ant Formica fusca, upon exposure to two social environments: isolation without contact to other individuals, and stimulation via the presence of other developing individuals. Expression of key sensory‐related genes was higher following social stimulation, and larvae expressed many of the same sensory‐related genes as adult ants and larvae of other insects, including genes belonging to the major insect chemosensory gene families. Our study provides first insights into the molecular changes associated with social information perception in social insect larvae.
The effect of implant‐abutment connections on peri‐implant bone levels around single implants in the aesthetic zone: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis

To systematically review literature about the effect of different implant‐abutment interface designs on peri‐implant bone level changes, implant loss and mid‐buccal mucosa changes around single implants in the anterior maxilla. Reviewing three connection configurations: Platform switched conical (PS‐conical); Platform switched parallel (PS‐parallel); Platform matched parallel (PM‐parallel).
Ligand-binding properties of odorant-binding protein 6 in Athetis lepigone to sex pheromones and maize volatiles.

BACKGROUND Athetis lepigone is a noctuid moth feeding on more than 30 different crops worldwide and has evolved a sophisticated, sensitive, and specific chemosensory system to detect and discriminate exogenous chemicals. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are the most important agent in insect chemosensory systems which have been explored as an alternative target for environmentally friendly approaches in pest management. RESULTS To investigate the olfactory function of A. lepigone OBPs (AlepOBPs), AlepOBP6 was identified and expressed in Escherichia coli. Then, the binding affinity of the recombinant OBP to 20 different ligands was examined using a competitive binding approach. The results revealed that AlepOBP6 can bind to two sex pheromones and 10 maize volatiles, and its conformation stability is pH dependent. Furthermore, we carried out a structure-function study using different molecular approaches, including structure modeling, molecular docking, and mutation functional assay to identify amino acid residues (M39, V68, W106, Q107, and Y114) involved in the binding of AlepOBP6 to both sex pheromones and maize volatiles in A. lepigone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AlepOBP6 is likely involved in mediating the responses of A. lepigone to sex pheromones and maize volatiles, which may play a pivotal function in mating, feeding, and oviposition behaviors. This study not only provides new insight into the binding mechanism of OBPs to sex pheromones and host volatiles in moths but also contributes to the discovery of novel target candidates for developing efficient behavior disruptors to control A. lepigone in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Emerging paradigm shift toward proactive topical treatment of psoriasis: A narrative review

Psoriasis (PsO) requires safe and effective long‐term management to reduce the risk of recurrence and decrease the frequency of relapse. Topical PsO therapies are a cornerstone in the management of PsO though safety concerns limit the chronic, continuous use of topical corticosteroids and/or vitamin D3 analogs. Evidence‐based guidelines on optimal treatment targets and maintenance therapy regimens are currently lacking. This review explores the evidence supporting approaches to maintenance topical therapy for PsO including continuous long‐term therapy, chronic intermittent use, step‐down therapy, sequential or pulse therapy regimens, and proactive maintenance therapy. Several unaddressed questions are discussed including how and when to transition from acute to maintenance therapy, strategies for monitoring long‐term treatment, the role of topical maintenance therapy in the context of systemic and biologic therapies, risks of maintenance therapy, prescribing a topical preparation suitable for patients' preferences and skin type, and key concepts for patient education to maximize long‐term outcomes. Overall, emerging evidence supports a paradigm shift toward proactive treatment once skin is completely clear as a strategy to enhance disease control without compromising safety.
A multi‐centre, single‐blinded randomised controlled clinical trial evaluating the effect of resorbable glass fibre matrix in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are at risk for detrimental complications even with current, standard of care (SOC) treatments. The primary objective of this randomised controlled trial was to compare a unique resorbable glass microfiber matrix (Mirragen; Advanced Wound Matrix [BBGFM]; ETS Wound Care, Rolla, Missouri) compared with a standard of care group (SOC, collagen alginate dressing) at 12 weeks. Both groups received standard diabetic foot care including glucose monitoring, weekly debridements when needed and an offloading device. The primary endpoint was proportion of full‐thickness, non‐infected, non‐ischaemic wounds healed at 12 weeks, with secondary endpoints including percent area reduction (PAR) and changes in Semmes‐Weinstein monofilament testing. The result illustrated in the intent‐to‐treat analysis at 12 weeks showed that 70% (14/20) of the BBGFM‐treated DFUs healed compared with 25% (5/20) treated with SOC alone (adjusted P = .006). Mean PAR at 12 weeks was 79% in the BBGFM group compared with 37% in the SOC group (adjusted P = .027). Mean change in neuropathic score between baseline and up to 12 weeks of treatment was 2.0 in the BBGFM group compared with −0.6 in the SOC group where positive improvement in scores are better (adjusted P = .008). The mean number of BBGFM applications was 6.0. In conclusion, adding BBGFM to SOC significantly improved wound healing with no adverse events related to treatment compared with SOC alone.
Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (Flegel disease) with back and breast involvement

of TNF-alpha inhibitor therapy. Tan et al recently reported a case of drug-induced psoriasiform alopecia in a patient shortly after initiation of the interleukin-17 inhibitor, ixekizumab. This patient had also received previous treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitors etanercept and adalimumab. Future reports will be valuable in evaluating the significance of previous TNF-alpha inhibitor therapy in the development of (IL)-23/ Th17 associated psoriasiform alopecia.
Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment Factor Promotes Cancer Stemness via SPP1-CD44 Axis.

BACKGROUND & AIM Tumor-microenvironment (TME) factors and cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the degree to which TME factors promote stemness remains unexplored. Here, we examined whether cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote CSC features in PC. METHODS PC cells were treated long-term (30, 60, and 90 days) with conditioned media (CM)-derived from normal human fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs. The stemness features of tumorsphere formation and stemness populations, along with CSCs markers, were analyzed using 2D and 3D sodium alginate bead-based co-culture models. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were performed for CSCs and fibroblast markers in autochthonous KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice and human pancreatic tumors. PCR-array and gene knockdown were performed to identify the mechanism of stemness enrichment. RESULTS Long-term treatment of PC cells with CAF-CM enriched stemness, as demonstrated by significantly higher CD44+, ALDH+, and AF+ populations in PC cells. Increased tumorsphere formation and elevated CSC, self-renewal, and drug-resistance markers in CAF-CM-treated PC cells were observed. In addition, CAF co-cultured with PC cells in the 3D model showed a substantial increase in stemness features. CD44 and α-SMA were positively correlated, and their expressions progressively increased from the early to late stages of KPC mice and human pancreatic tumors. OPN/SPP1 was identified as the top-differentially overexpressed gene in CAF-CM-treated PC cells, and knockdown of OPN/SPP1 significantly reduced stemness characteristics in CAF-CM-treated PC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data uncover novel insight into the interplay between CAF and enrichment of stemness population through SPP1-CD44 axis in PC.