Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protochondracanthus alatus infesting Gills of Some Marine Fish Species

The distribution of parasitic copepod, Protochondracanthus alatus (Heller, 1865) was investigated in 22 host species, only 2 species, Psettodeserumei and Epinepheluschlorostigma were found susceptible to infestation with parasitic copepods in their gills, with prevalence 29.17% and 25% respectively. The isolated parasitic copepod, P.alatuswas identified by using light and electron microscopes. The infested fishes did not show any clinical abnormalities but the gross pathological lesions were observed in the gill filaments. The overall percent of P.alatus infestation among the infested fish species reached 7.63%. The infestation rates showed seasonal variations, peaked in summer (32.58%), followed by the spring (28.18%), winter (20.54%) and autumn (19.45%). The histopathological alterations showed advanced stages of sever hyperplasia of secondary gill lamellae with infiltration of inflammatory cells, hypertrophy of mucous cells lining epithelial cell layer of secondary gill filaments as well as congestion of branchial blood vessels accompanied with telangiectasis.
Assessment of regional variation in climate on the management of dairy cow systems in Ireland using a simulation model

A dairy system simulator, Dairy_sim, was designed to assess the interactions between climate and management in spring-calving milk production systems based on the grazing of grass pastures. The simulator comprises three main components: a grass herbage growth model, an intake and grazing behaviour model, and a nutrient demand model. The simulator was initially parameterized using the Irish National Dairy Blueprint. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the simulator was most sensitive to stocking rate, milk output per cow and nitrogen fertilizer inputs, but less sensitive to other variables. Field data from four grazing systems were used to test the simulator and it was concluded that Dairy_sim was suitable for evaluating the interaction of climate and management for rotational grazing dairy systems based on perennial ryegrass pastures with Friesian cows. The simulator, Dairy_sim, was then used to evaluate the effects of the regional climates of Ireland on system management. The results indicated that, between regions, herbage production at the same input of nitrogen may vary proportionally by 0AE10 and that the length of the grazing season may vary by 0AE25. It was concluded that the simulator could be a useful tool for developing region-specific dairy production blueprints.
ISSR and AFLP Markers Differ among American Watermelon Cultivars with Limited Genetic Diversity

Wide phenotypic diversity exists among American heirloom cultivars of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus). However, in published studies, low or no polymorphism was revealed among those heirlooms using isozyme or randomly amplifi ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. In this study, experiments with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) (also known as simple sequence repeat-(SSR-) anchored primers) and amplifi ed fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers produced high polymorphisms among watermelon heirloom cultivars. ISSR (111) and AFLP (118) markers (229 total) identifi ed 80.2% to 97.8% genetic similarity among heirloom cultivars. The phylogenetic relations based on ISSR and AFLP markers are highly consistent with the parental records available for some of the heirloom cultivars, providing confi dence in the dendogram constructed for heirlooms based on similarity values. As compared with RAPD markers, ISSRs and AFLPs are highly effective in differentiating among watermelon cultivars or elite lines with limited genetic diversity.
Functional connectome fingerprinting accuracy in youths and adults is similar when examined on the same day and 1.5‐years apart

Pioneering studies have shown that individual correlation measures from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies can identify another scan from that same individual. This method is known as “connectotyping” or functional connectome “fingerprinting. ” We analyzed a unique dataset of 12–30 years old (N = 140) individuals who had two distinct resting state scans on the same day and again 12–18 months later to assess the sensitivity and specificity of fingerprinting accuracy across different time scales (same day, ~1.5 years apart) and developmental periods (youths, adults). Sensitivity and specificity to identify one's own scan was high (average AUC = 0.94), although it was significantly higher in the same day (average AUC = 0.97) than 1.5‐years later (average AUC = 0.91). Accuracy in youths (average AUC = 0.93) was not significantly different from adults (average AUC = 0.96). Multiple statistical methods revealed select connections from the Frontoparietal, Default, and Dorsal Attention networks enhanced the ability to identify an individual. Identification of these features generalized across datasets and improved fingerprinting accuracy in a longitudinal replication data set (N = 208). These results provide a framework for understanding the sensitivity and specificity of fingerprinting accuracy in adolescents and adults at multiple time scales. Importantly, distinct features of one's “fingerprint” contribute to one's uniqueness, suggesting that cognitive and default networks play a primary role in the individualization of one's connectome.
Nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways do not contribute to sex differences in renal injury and function in Dahl SS/Jr rats

The burden of hypertension in the United States is increasing and yields significant morbidity and mortality, and sex differences in hypertension are widely recognized. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased oxidative stress are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal injury, and but their contributions to sex differences in injury progression of are undefined. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that male hypertensive rats have accelerated renal injury compared to females and to determine the contributions of the nitric oxide pathway and oxidative stress in these differences. Male and female Dahl SS/Jr rats, a model that spontaneously develops hypertension with age, were allowed to age on a 0.3% NaCl diet until 3 or 6 months of age, at which points blood pressure was measured and plasma, tissue, and urine were collected. While no significant sex differences in blood pressure were present at either time point, renal injury measured by urine protein excretion was more severe (male = 44.9 ± 6; female = 15±3 mg/day/100 g bw, p = .0001), and renal function was reduced (male = 0.48 ± 0.02; female = 0.7 ± 0.03 ml min‐1 g‐1 kw, p = .001) in males compared to females with age. Both male and female rats exhibited reduced nitric oxide metabolites (3 months: male = 0.65 ± 0.1; female = 0.74 ± 0.3; 6 months: male = 0.16 ± 0.1; female = 0.41 ± 0.1 ml min‐1 g‐1 kw, p, age = 0.02, p, sex = 0.3). Levels of urinary TBARS were similar (3 months: male = 20±1.5; female = 23±1.8; 6 months: male = 26±4.8; female = 23±4.7µM day g‐1 kw, p, age = 0.4, p, sex = 0.9), extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC SOD) mRNA was greater in females (3 months: male = 0.35 ± 0.03; female = 1.4 ± 0.2; 6 months: male = 0.4 ± 0.05; female = 1.3 ± 0.1 normalized counts, p, age = 0.7, p, sex < 0.0001), but EC SOD protein expression was not different (3 months: male = 0.01 ± 0.002; female = 0.01 ± 0.002; 6 months: male = 0.02 ± 0.004; female = 0.01 ± 0.002 relative density, p, age = 0.2, p, sex = 0.8). These data support the presence of significant sex differences in renal injury and function in the Dahl S rat and identify a need for further study into the mechanisms involved.
EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN BRAIN

The fossil evidence on the brain is from casts of the cranial cavity (endocasts) which are only slightly misrepresented when called "fossil brains. " Endocasts of most mammals are remarkably brainlike in appearance; the cranial cavity is usually an excellent mold for a three-dimensional model of the brain. But an endocast is not a brain; it is a view of the external surface, and in primates it is a view that excludes most of the details of the pattern of convolutions. Even with these limitations fossil endocasts are a marvelous source of information about the evolution of the brain. A review of this literature can be encyclopedic or it can be critical. I take the second option, because several recent publications have satisfi ed the en­ cyclopedic objective. Tobias ( lIS) reviewed much morphological as well an quantitative evidence specific to the hominids, and my monograph ( 58) empha­ sizes relative size relations, especially 9rain: body relations, in all of the verte­ brates. The monograph by Tobias is a profusely illustrated, eclectic work, which also presents his views on the evolution of human behavior. I review the evidence on cranial capacity in hominids within the context of the evolution of encephalization in vertebrates and emphasize the role of "intelligence" as a response to certain selection pressures during the evolution of birds and mam­ mals. Kochetkova (64) has also reviewed the evidence available as of about 1969 in a magnum opus which is a suitable memorial for her too brief scientific career. It would be helpful to have an English translation of this monograph; it is presently accessible to those with a minimum of Russian since much of the material is in tables and graphs suitable for further analysis. Among older publications Coon's (17) remains useful, especially on the Neanderthals, and Piveteau's volume on primates (91) supplements Coon by illustrating the morphology of the Neanderthal and other Homo sapiens fossil endocasts. It would be appropriate to reassess Neanderthal data at this time, in view of recent use of this material in the analysis of the evolution of speech (70, 73). Shorter reviews have appeared that have also been quite comprehensive. Holloway (53, 54) has reviewed the data on the East African fossils and used this
Esophageal atresia in twins compared to singletons: In utero manifestation and characteristics

Esophageal atresia with/without tracheo‐esophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is more common among twins. The detection of polyhydramnios might be altered in twins, leading to EA/TEF underdiagnosis, prenatally. The aim of the study was to compare the prenatal manifestation of EA/TEF between twins and singletons.
ANALYSIS OF THE SCATS OF SMALL INDIAN MONGOOSE (Herpestes auropunctatus) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INSECT FAUNA IN CROPLANDS OF FAISALABAD (PAKISTAN)

Common remains in 500 scats collected from various farms constituted volume of insects 22.6%, soil 17.7%, feathers 16.1%, plant material 14.9%, bones 10.8%, and hairs 7.0%. The frequency of occurrence of soil in the scats was 82.0%, plant material 81.0%, insects 67.0%, bones 52.0%, feathers 46.2% and that of hairs was 31.2%. Insects were consumed most intensively during all the four seasons of the year. Twelve insects namely, Odonats (dragonflies and damselflies), Orthopterous (grasshoppers & crickets) Dictyopterous (cockroaches and praying mantises), Isopterous (termites), Dermapterous (earwig), Homopterous (planthoppers), Hemipterous (bugs), Coleopterous (beetles) and Hymenopterous (ants, wasps and bees) were detected by their remnants.
Adaptive strategies of perennial grasses in South American savannas

Abstract. Morpho-fimctional features of perennial grasses in South American savannas are considered as adaptive strategies to cope with stress and disturbance factors of savanna environments. The tussock growth form, annual patterns of vegetative growth and reproductive phenology, allocation of carbon and nutrients, and accumulation of standing dead phytomass at the end of the dry season, are discussed in relation to water economy, resistance to drought, photosynthetic rates, growth rhythms, regrowth after drought and fire, seasonal translocation of critical nutrients and carbohydrates, and the total nutrient budget of the grass layer. Different strategies combining various morphological patterns, phenological alternatives and mechanisms for resisting drought and fire exist within the grass flora of each savanna community. The lack of adaptive responses to grazing by large herbivores is a major distinction from African savanna grasses. Many African grasses, either introduced in pastures or colonizing disturbed savannas, do show positive responses to defoliation, including compensatory growth and enhanced photosynthetic rates. Some guidelines for further research are suggested in order to disclose the mechanisms underlying this different behaviour of native and introduced savanna grasses.
Susceptibility of everbearing cultivars of strawberry to the European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis

Summary Cultivars and advanced selections of everbearing strawberries were tested for their resistance to the European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis. No consistent differences in oviposition preferences were found in choice tests, and no differences were found in the proportions of eggs that hatched successfully. However, significant differences were found between the weights of nymphs reared on three cultivars. In a field experiment, amounts of fruit damage caused by L. rugulipennis were lower on cv. Bolero than on three other cultivars despite no significant differences being found between the numbers of L. rugulipennis nymphs on the different cultivars when the fruits were in the susceptible early development stage. Counts of nymphs on seedling progeny where cv. Bolero had been used as a parent were not lower than on those from other crosses. It seems likely that cv. Bolero has no resistance to L. rugulipennis, but rather a greater tolerance to feeding by this insect.
Improving timely treatment with a stroke emergency map: The case of northern China

The Chinese stroke emergency map (SEM) was implemented in 2017 to reduce prehospital and hospital delays for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients suitable for intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) thrombolysis. However, data on the time delay following the implementation of an SEM in China are limited.
Effectiveness of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Polyamide Fabric

We compared the effectiveness of amidase (amano acylase, AA) and an endopeptidase, (trypsin, TR) in modifying the hydrophobicity of polyamide fabric. We evaluated the number of amino groups released into the reaction mixture in order to optimize the treatment conditions. We found that a large number of amino groups were released into the reaction mixture due to the cleavage of amide bonds by AA hydrolysis; however, the TR hydrolysis exhibited a relatively lower activity compared to AA hydrolysis. In AA and TR hydrolysis, significant differences were observed in the K/S values and moisture regain. Amide bonds in polyamide fabric were hydrolyzed by AA hydrolysis effectively. Compared to TR, AA formed more hydrolysis product (amino groups) on the fabric surface. Thus, the hydrophobicity of polyamide fabric was modified using AA hydrolysis (as verified by the wettability test) without any deterioration of fiber strength.
Shoot and root biomass allocation and competitive hierarchies of four South African grass species on light, soil resources and cutting gradients

We examined the competitive ability and response to light (shaded or unshaded), nutrients (50% Hoaglands solution or tap water), water (frequent or infrequent watering) and cutting (cut or uncut) of four grass species that differ in their traits, habitat preferences and responses to management practices in KwaZulu-Natal. All species produced the greatest biomass in high-nutrient high-water treatments. Short to medium-height grass species, such as Themeda triandra and Aristida junciformis, produced nearly double the biomass of taller species such as Hyparrhenia hirta and Eragrostis curvula in the low-nutrient treatments, with the reverse being true in the high-nutrient treatments. Themeda triandra and A. junciformis produced the greatest root biomass both in the low- and high-nutrient treatments. The shorter species produced relatively greater root than shoot mass, with the reverse being true of the taller species. Tall species did not produce relatively less, when cut, or relatively more, when shaded, than the shorter species. However, A. junciformis and E. curvula were more shade-tolerant than the other species, suggesting that their increase in abundance with infrequent fire is due to the shading by litter in unburnt grassland. The competitive hierarchy among species reversed between low- and high-nutrient treatments, with A. junciformis and H. hirta having the greatest competitive effect on T. triandra in low- and high-nutrient treatments, respectively. These results contribute to an understanding of species distributions on fertility and burning gradients.
FLORISTIC DIVERSITY OF DHAMRAI UPAZILA OF DHAKA WITH EMPHASIS ON MEDICINAL PLANTS

A total of 263 angiosperm species under 210 genera and 79 families have been recorded from Dhamrai Upazila of Dhaka district. Of these, Magnoliopsida is represented by 200 species under 154 genera and 62 families while Liliopsida is represented by 63 species under 56 genera and 17 families. Asteraceae is the largest family in Magnoliopsida represented by 17 species, and Poaceae is the largest family in Liliopsida represented by 20 species. Habit analysis shows that herbs, shrubs and trees are represented by 166, 23 and 74 species, respectively. Sixty two medicinal plants have been documented with their uses for the cure of more than 30 diseases, and some of these are diabetes, jaundice, diarrhoea, dysentery, spleen and liver complaints, chronic ulcers, bronchitis, rheumatism, irregular menstruation, piles, urinary problems and heart diseases. Threats to the species have also been assessed and appropriate conservation measures suggested.
Microbial activity and sediment disturbance modulate the vertical water flux in sandy sediments

Abstract. Little research has been conducted on the influence of microbial communities, sediment disturbances, and their interaction on the Vertical Water Flux (VWF) across a hydraulically complex streambed. Our study was aimed at the effects of microbial activity and shallow-sediment disturbance on VWF in sandbed flumes. We assessed the dynamics of VWF and the development of a microbial community during 30 d (June–July 2010) in 16 outdoor flumes with 2 types of bedform shape (level and ripple). We operated 8 flumes in constant darkness (no-light), and 8 in daylight to gain information on the relative significance of algae and heterotrophic microorganisms. We simulated a shallow-sediment disturbance after 21 d and compared microbial activity and VWF before and after the disturbance. We measured organic matter content, abundance of organisms, microbial activity, precipitation of CaCO3, and O2 bubbles resulting from primary production before and after the disturbance. VWF differed among treatments after 13 d. Algal and bacterial cells embedded in an extracellular polymer network, algal and microbial precipitation of CaCO3, and production of O2 bubbles in the uppermost sediment blocked the sediment pore space and disrupted VWF under daylight conditions, whereas bacterial cells and microbial precipitation of CaCO3 reduced VWF in no-light flumes. Microbial activity and organic matter were not affected by the shallow-sediment disturbance, but VWF was restored. VWF can be controlled by microbial activity and shallow-sediment disturbances and should be seen as spatially heterogeneous and fluctuating in time on small scales.
BREAKING OF DORMANCY IN RHUBARB (RHEUM RIBES L.)

Freshly harvested seeds of Rhubarb exhibited a high degree of dormancy when germination has been studied in different temperatures in distilled water. In the present paper, different treatments including moist - chilling, immersing in NaOCl, acid scarification, surgical procedure, and treatment by CaCl 2 and KNO 3 were performed to determine the most effective method for removing dormancy in Rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.). When seed coats (pericarp + testa) were completely removed, the root and hypocotyls of excised embryo from dormant seeds did not elongate. This indicates that dormancy is imposed by the embryo and those inhibitors in seed embryo may be responsible for the dormancy. Germination was observed only in CaCl 2 and KNO 3 treatments. Optimum temperature for germination was 10 °C and dormancy was partially removed when seeds were germinated in different concentrations of CaCl 2. Moreover, CaCl 2 solutions promoted germination more than KNO 3.
Direct and circulatory paths of Permethrin (NRDC‐143) causing histopathological changes in the gills of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Rainbow trout were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Permethrin in water (0.09, 0.18 and 0.35 μg l−1) and in food (85, 180 and 350 μg kg−1 dry diet) in 20–0 day experiments. Histological changes in the gills included epithelial separation or necrosis, mucus cell hyperplasia, clubbing of epithelial cells or hyperplasia and fusion of adjacent secondary lamellae. These changes were noted in all fish, suggesting that the pesticide or its metabolites reached the gills not only directly through the water, but also indirectly via the circulation.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures

The optimal treatment of complex proximal humerus fractures continues to be debated. While many fractures can be treated nonoperatively, surgical intervention can be indicated to aid in restoring anatomy, allowing earlier range of motion and an improved final outcome. Historically, when surgical fixation of proximal humerus fractures was not possible due to fracture comminution, bone loss, head involvement or soft tissue/rotator cuff injury, hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder was utilized. Results of hemiarthroplasty, however, were unpredictable and largely dependent on the restoration of tuberosities. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has emerged as a surgical treatment option in such cases, with results less-dependent on tuberosity healing. The design of reverse shoulder arthroplasty and evolution in surgical techniques have yielded results demonstrating it to be a safe option with consistent results in the treatment of these difficult injuries. Studies have shown rotational strength to be improved in cases where the tuberosities heal, and repair techniques as well as implant designs have evolved to optimize tuberosity healing. Complications of reverse shoulder arthroplasty for fracture are similar to those of other indications, including scapular notching, and neurologic injury. Further studies are still needed to assess the long-term validity of the results seen at the short and mid-term.