Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraints on global aerosol number concentration, SO2 and condensation sink in UKESM1 using ATom measurements

Understanding the vertical distribution of aerosol helps to reduce the uncertainty in the aerosol life cycle and therefore in the estimation of the direct and indirect aerosol forcing. To improve our understanding, we use measurements from four deployments of the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) field campaign (ATom1–4) which systematically sampled aerosol and trace gases over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans with near pole-to-pole coverage. We evaluate the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) against ATom observations in terms of joint biases in the vertical profile of three variables related to new particle formation: total particle number concentration (NTotal), sulfur dioxide (SO2) mixing ratio and the condensation sink. TheNTotal, SO2 and condensation sink are interdependent quantities and have a controlling influence on the vertical profile of each other; therefore, analysing them simultaneously helps to avoid getting the right answer for the wrong reasons. The simulated condensation sink in the baseline model is within a factor of 2 of observations, but the NTotal and SO2 show much larger biases mainly in the tropics and high latitudes. We performed a series of model sensitivity tests to identify atmospheric processes that have the strongest influence on overall model performance. The perturbations take the form of global scaling factors or improvements to the representation of atmospheric processes in the model, for example by adding a new boundary layer nucleation scheme. In the boundary layer (below 1 km altitude) and lower troposphere (1–4 km), inclusion of a boundary layer nucleation scheme (Metzger et al., 2010) is critical to obtaining better agreement with observations. However, in the mid (4–8 km) and upper troposphere (> 8 km), sub-3 nm particle growth, pH of cloud droplets, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions, upper-tropospheric nucleation rate, SO2 gas-scavenging rate and cloud erosion rate play a more dominant role. We find that perturbations to boundary layer nucleation, sub-3 nm growth, cloud droplet pH and DMS emissions reduce the boundary layer and upper tropospheric model bias simultaneously. In a combined simulation with all four perturbations, the SO2 and condensation sink profiles are in much better agreement with observations, but the NTotal profile still shows large deviations, which suggests a possible structural issue with how nucleation or gas/particle transport or aerosol scavenging is handled in the model. These perturbations are well-motivated in that they improve the physical basis of the model and are suitable for implementation in future versions of UKESM. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 4980 A. Ranjithkumar et al.: Constraints on global aerosol number concentration
Main and Moderating Influence of Five-Factor Model Traits on the Association between Intimate Partner Violence and Depressive Symptoms

ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common problem for young adult women and is associated with symptoms of depression. However, not all women who experience IPV exhibit depressive symptoms. Research suggests that one factor that influences women’s degree of depressive symptoms in the aftermath of IPV is personality, but different studies have emphasized different aspects of personality (e.g., affective vs. interpersonal). The Five-Factor Model of personality (FFM) provides a framework for integrating different models of personality traits, although research on FFM traits in the context of IPV has thus far been limited. In this study, we examine the main and moderating effects of FFM traits on the association between IPV and depressive symptoms in a sample of young adult women (N = 565) using a Bayesian approach to multiple regression. Results suggested strong effects of two of the five FFM traits: Neuroticism exacerbated and Extraversion buffered the effect of IPV on depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to our understanding of vulnerability and resilience to women’s mental health in the context of IPV and provide directions for future research and clinical intervention.
Passivity during the Oxidation of Silicon at Elevated Temperatures

The dependence of the rate of the oxidation of silicon in oxygen‐helium mixtures on gas composition at 1410°C is discussed theoretically. At low oxygen contents of the gas, no layer of solid silica is expected to occur and the rate of attack due to formation of volatile SiO is supposed to be proportional to the oxygen partial pressure in the bulk gas. Above a critical oxygen partial pressure, solid silica may be formed and the rate of attack under steady‐state conditions may drop by several powers of ten.
Affective State Assistant for Helping Users with Cognition Disabilities Using Neural Networks

Non-verbal communication is essential in the communication process. This means that its lack can cause misinterpretations of the message that the sender tries to transmit to the receiver. With the rise of video calls, it seems that this problem has been partially solved. However, people with cognitive disorders such as those with some kind of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are unable to interpret non-verbal communication neither live nor by video call. This work analyzes the relationship between some physiological measures (EEG, ECG, and GSR) and the affective state of the user. To do that, some public datasets are evaluated and used for a multiple Deep Learning (DL) system. Each physiological signal is pre-processed using a feature extraction process after a frequency study with the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and those coefficients are used as inputs for a single DL classifier focused on that signal. These multiple classifiers (one for each signal) are evaluated independently and their outputs are combined in order to optimize the results and obtain additional information about the most reliable signals for classifying the affective states into three levels: low, middle, and high. The full system is carefully detailed and tested, obtaining promising results (more than 95% accuracy) that demonstrate its viability.
Moisture diffusivities of sunflower seed components

Summary A diffusion-based drying model has been used to separately model the thin-layer drying of sunflower kernel and whole seed. the diffusivity of kernel was determined by means of the analytical solution of Fick's second law. the drying of whole seed was simulated by means of the numerical solution of Fick's second law for a two-composite solid. Kernel and hull diffusivities were determined at 40° and 50°C and air velocity of 15ms-1, using the theoretical curves that best fit the data. the diffusivities of kernel were 7.1 x 10-6 cm2s-1 and 1.7 x 10-6cm2s-1, and of the hull 1.7 x 10-6cm2s-1 and 7.1 x 10-6cm2s-1 for the respective temperatures of 40° and 50°C.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Exome Capture Probes, Genotyping by Sequencing and Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing for Assessing Genetic Diversity in Natural and Managed Stands of Picea abies

Conifer genomes are characterized by their large size and high abundance of repetitive material, making large-scale genotyping in conifers complicated and expensive. One of the consequences of this is that it has been difficult to generate data on genome-wide levels of genetic variation. To date, researchers have mainly employed various complexity reduction techniques to assess genetic variation across the genome in different conifer species. These methods tend to capture variation in a relatively small subset of a typical conifer genome and it is currently not clear how representative such results are. Here we take advantage of data generated in the first large-scale re-sequencing effort in Norway spruce and assess how well two commonly used complexity reduction methods, targeted capture probes and genotyping by sequencing perform in capturing genome-wide variation in Norway spruce. Our results suggest that both methods perform reasonably well for assessing genetic diversity and population structure in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. ). Targeted capture probes were slightly more effective than GBS, likely due to them targeting known genomic regions whereas the GBS data contains a substantially greater fraction of repetitive regions, which sometimes can be problematic for assessing genetic diversity. In conclusion, both methods are useful for genotyping large numbers of samples and they greatly reduce the cost involved with genotyping a species with such a complex genome as Norway spruce.
Molecular phylogeny of several species of Hoplolaimina (Nematoda: Tylenchida) associated with turfgrass in Korea, with comments on their morphology

Seven species belonging to Suborder Hoplolaimina are characterised using integrative taxonomy, considering both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the 28S-rRNA, ITS-rRNA and COI gene sequences. It is evident that, as more populations of Pratylenchus zeae are continuously characterised, the species continues to display an ever-increasing intraspecific genetic variation within the 28S-rRNA and ITS-rRNA genes. However, the COI gene sequences exhibit minimum intraspecific variation and thus might be the most powerful DNA barcoding marker for the precise identification of P. zeae and should therefore be recommended as a complementary technique in the identification process of the species. Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne graminicola and Heterodera pratensis are characterised herein for the first time in Korea, while the presence in Korea of P. penetrans, P. scribneri, H. avenae, and M. marylandi, is molecularly confirmed.
Genetic threats to the Forest Giants of the Amazon: Habitat degradation effects on the socio‐economically important Brazil nut tree (
 Bertholletia excelsa
 )

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors, Plants, People, Planet © New Phytologist Foundation 1Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Chair of Ecosystem Management, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 2Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, Plant Ecological Genetics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 3Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Lima, Peru 4Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, IIAP, Madre de Dios, Peru 5Swiss Academy of Sciences, Bern, Switzerland 6Bioversity International, Lima, Peru 7Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Peru 8Bioversity International, Rome, Italy
The transversal of nostalgia from psychology to marketing: what does it portend for future research?

Purpose The use of nostalgia in the marketing domain has been popular around the world. Nostalgia has been considered a complex yet ambivalent emotion, which has ignited curiosity among marketing researchers and practitioners alike. In response to calls from marketing practitioners and scholars to understand nostalgia formation among consumers, this study tracks the evolution of nostalgia concepts in the domains of marketing and, more generally, business management. This study aims to highlight the development of a theoretical framework to integrate existing concepts and offer implications based on understanding nostalgia as a phenomenon among consumers as a tool for marketing practice. Design/methodology/approach This study is descriptive and inductive in nature. The manuscript is designed and positioned as a conceptual study exploring nostalgia’s journey from the domain of psychology to business management. The study synthesizes concepts of nostalgia from psychology, sociology and business management. Findings The study reveals that nostalgia in the business-management domain is not perceived in the same way as in psychology studies. It has journeyed through different schools of thought and is now used as an impactful marketing practice. The manuscript offers relevant information to marketing practitioners to improve their nostalgia marketing strategies, such as advertising and promotions, retro-branding, crowd-sourcing and culturally oriented practice. Subsequently, the manuscript offers pointers for understanding consumers across the generations and exploring nostalgia and consumption patterns for future research. Research limitations/implications The manuscript offers relevant information about nostalgia to marketing practitioners to improve their nostalgia marketing strategies and proposes avenues for future research to the domain scholars. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no comprehensive paper tracking the journey of nostalgia in business practices and providing directions for future research. This study extends existing literature both by suggesting future research directions and by drawing marketing practitioners’ attention to a conceptual framework for understanding the processes of and relationships with consumer nostalgia, including ways to use consumer nostalgia within marketing practices.
Traditional Herbal Medicines and their Fertility Potential: A Review

Rapid increase in population growth is causing strain on medical resources world wide. Traditional folk medicines are region-specific, local resources based indigenous herb based, village based, and in many cases, community-specific. Different systems of medicine developed accordingly, which have been termed as Ayurvedic, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Malaysian, Yunani and more recently Homoeopathic. Aim of the present review is to study and review role of traditional herbal medicines in regulation of fertility problems including impotency and female gynaecological problems. The method used was results of our own studies, existing literature, traditional knowledge from gunis vaidyas etc. It has been found that Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & Fernandes (Liliaceae), Asparagus adscendens Roxb and Mucuna pruriens L (DC) is being used in the indigenous systems of medicine as a galactogogue and aphrodisiac. It can be concluded that traditional medicines have an important role in improving fertility potential in humans.
Tuned mass dampers for the drift reduction of structures with soil effects using ant colony optimization

This paper probes the effects of the Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) device on the response of a 40-story building including three types of soils and experiencing 16 far-field earthquakes. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method is employed to obtain the best settings for TMD values and the objective is reducing the maximum drift of the structure considering soil structure interaction (SSI) effects. The TMD effects on the displacement and acceleration response of the structure as well as its influence on the drift response are studied. Moreover, the frequency analyses of the drift responses in addition to the story locations with the highest drifts are also investigated. It is shown that the optimized design results in considerable reduction in drifts enhancing the profits of utilizing the TMD device.
Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review

Pecan is native to the United States. The US is the world’s largest pecan producer with an average yearly production of 250 to 300 million pounds; 80 percent of the world’s supply. Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, California, Louisiana, and Florida are the major US pecan producing states. Pecan trees frequently suffer from spring freeze at bud break and bloom as the buds are quite sensitive to freeze damage. This leads to poor flower and nut production. This review focuses on the impact of spring freeze during bud differentiation and flower development. Spring freeze kills the primary terminal buds, the pecan tree has a second chance for growth and flowering through secondary buds. Unfortunately, secondary buds have less bloom potential than primary buds and nut yield is reduced. Spring freeze damage depends on severity of the freeze, bud growth stage, cultivar type and tree age, tree height and tree vigor. This review discusses the impact of temperature on structure and function of male and female reproductive organs. It also summarizes carbohydrate relations as another factor that may play an important role in spring growth and transition of primary and secondary buds to flowers.
XPS analysis of an electrochemically modified electrode surface of natural enargite

A natural enargite (Cu 3 AsS 4 ) electrode has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and XPS. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out in a preparation chamber filled with Ar gas and coupled to the spectrometer in order to analyse by XPS, quasi-in situ, the electrochemically modified electrode surface. By CV, different potentials of oxidation and reduction were applied to the electrode in a disodium tetraborate decahydrate electrolyte solution of pH 9.2 at room temperature. Cycling in the anodic direction, XPS analysis has shown that at +500 mV the electrode surface is oxidized to CuO, CuSO 4 and As 2 O x (x = 3; 5) and the corresponding hydroxides and polysulphide are formed, whereas at lower oxidation potentials the Cu 2p and As 3d photoelectron peaks do not alter. However, with increasing oxidation potential up to +200 mV a new contribution in the S 2p signal and Cu loss indicate the formation of non-stoichiometric (metal-deficient) enargite and polysulphides in the electrode surface. Cycling then from +500 mV in the cathodic direction until -800 mV, we observe with increasing reduction potential a reverse process in the S 2p signal and Cu concentration. Furthermore, even at +200 mV the reduction from Cu(II) to Cu(I) occurs and no sulphate species are observed any more. These observations indicate that the copper concentration at the electrode surface is a sweep-direction-independent function of applied potential and that the oxide species formed at the electrode surface are only stable by application of high oxidation potentials. For comparison, the surfaces of the fractured mineral and the original polished electrode surface were also studied.
A dynamic method for liquid‐particle mass transfer in trickle beds

Previous investigations of liquid-to-particle mass transfer in trickle beds have used non-porous particles. However, the applications of trickle beds have been for reactions or adsorption employing porous catalysts as adsorbents. In this study a method of dynamic adsorption with porous particles is developed. The procedure is to extrapolate the response to a step-function input of non-volatile adsorbate to a short time where intraparticle diffusion and adsorption do not affect the overall process. The method is applied to the adsorption of benzaldehyde from aqueous solutions in a bed of granular, activated carbon particles. Measurements were made for three particle sizes, in adsorbers of two diameters, at 298K and 1 atm. The gas flow rate had no discernible effect on the mass transfer coefficients, kLsaLs, over a superficial velocity range of 1.47 to 8.0 × 10−2 m/s, but kLsaLs increased with liquid rate. The results, correlated as Sherwood vs. Reynolds number, agree well with the nonporous particle data of Van Krevelen and Krekels (1948), but suggest larger Sherwood numbers than similar data from later investigations. The wide range of mass transfer results for either liquid-to-particle or liquid-to-gas in trickle beds seems to be due in large measure to the difficulty in reproducing the rivulent flow pattern of liquid from bed to bed.
Improvements of on-orbit characterization of Terra MODIS short-wave infrared spectral bands out-of-band responses

Abstract. The short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands (5 to 7, 26) of Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which are colocated with the midwave infrared bands (20 to 25) on the short- and mid-wave infrared focal plane assembly, have a known issue related to 5.3-μm out-of-band (OOB) thermal leak and electronic crosstalk that was identified prelaunch. As a result, a crosstalk correction algorithm was designed and implemented in the MODIS level 1B (L1B) calibration. Shortly after the Terra launch, extensive efforts were undertaken to help characterize and mitigate the impact due to the OOB response and crosstalk on the SWIR on-orbit calibration and, consequently, the associated L1B data products. In addition, special night-time-day-mode operations have been regularly scheduled to derive the crosstalk correction coefficients. Since MODIS does not have a spectral band centered at 5.3 μm, its band 28 (7.325 μm) was chosen as the surrogate sending band to simulate the OOB radiances at 5.3 μm. This was largely based on the measurements from the MODIS Airborne Simulator spectrometer field campaigns in the early months after the Terra launch. In the case of Aqua MODIS, the magnitude of the SWIR crosstalk was much smaller and band 25 (4.52 μm) was found to be more effective as the sending band for the crosstalk correction. In recent years, the Terra MODIS photovoltaic (PV) long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands (27 to 30) electronic crosstalk has increased considerably, especially after the spacecraft safe-mode event occurred in February 2016. This accentuated degradation in the PV LWIR performance has also impacted the performance of the SWIR crosstalk correction and thus its calibration and data quality. We examine the use of band 25 as the sending band for the Terra MODIS SWIR crosstalk correction and compare its performance with that based on band 28 as the sending band. Results indicate an improvement of on-orbit gain stability for the SWIR calibration and reduced detector to detector and subframe to subframe striping in the calibrated L1B imagery, especially during the period when the PV LWIR electronic crosstalk has become more severe. This approach has been implemented in the forward production of Terra MODIS Collection 6 and Collection 6.1, starting from July 2019, and is planned to be used for the future reprocessing of MODIS L1B and to help improve the mission-long reflectance calibration and trending stability of the SWIR bands.
The reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) in older adults with foot disorders

The Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) is an index employed to measure alterations related to frailty. The main objective in this research was to develop the EFS short-form (EFS-SF) and to evaluate its validity, reliability, and sensitivity to predict frailty disability outcomes in elderly patients with foot disabilities. Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the EFS-SF revealed the presence of three components, as in the original EFA. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the study population for several of the EFS and 5-item FRAIL scale indicators. The highest correlation (Pearson R = 0.871; p < 0.001) was found for the first component of the EFS-SF. Finally, the Cronbach alpha was 0.864 which indicated a high level of internal consistency. Conclusion: The EFS-SF is a reliable and valid instrument to measure frailty in patients with and without foot disabilities. Method: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out. The study population was aged over 60 years (n = 66) and comprised 29 men and 37 women. Frailty disorders were registered by using the EFS, 5-item FRAIL scale, and the Geriatricians’ Clinical Impression of Frailty (GCIF) scale. EFA was employed to locate potential constituents of the EFS, with scores ranging from 0.596 to 0.946 for each of the sub scales: (1) cognitive and general health status; (2) medication and nutrition status; and (3) functional and physiological status, thus revealing that the EFS-SF comprised three components, a reduction compared to the nine in the original EFS.