Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A generational study on self-referential advertising: How it affects attitude toward brands

Self-referential, meta or self-aware advertising uses irony and cynicism to overtly critique and challenge conventional advertising strategies. While increasingly multiple brands are using self-referential advertising campaigns to implement innovative advertising strategies, a limited amount of research has been conducted on the effects of self-referential advertising on consumers’ evaluative responses. This study aimed to identify a link between self-referential ads and the consumers’ sense of self-presentation, mainly the conflict between the ideal self and the real self, and how this, in turn, affects their attitude toward the brand in the subject, further affecting purchase intention and brand perception. A quantitative structured study was conducted in a group of 326 18–35-year-old people, comprising Millennial and Generation Z consumers, using voluntary sampling through links to Google Forms distributed online on various platforms. Findings showed a significant positive correlation between self-referential ads, brand perception, and consumers’ brand attitude (r = 0.777, 0.712). Besides, in the mediation analysis, each of the four regression models establishes a correlation among the three variables. However, significance is not found in the mediating role of consumers’ real selves between self-referential advertising and brand attitude, though consumption patterns mediate consumer acceptance of self-referential advertising. The findings gave product/brand managers and marketing professionals a strategic direction on the importance of using self-referential forms of advertising in congruence with the product life cycle and brand positioning. It also helps to understand the importance of consumption patterns in creating advertising appeals.
Thermal-Analysis Technique for Source-Rock Evaluation: Quantitative Estimate of Organic Richness and Effects of Lithologic Variation: GEOLOGIC NOTES

Heating of sedimentary rocks under controlled conditions (28°C/minute) causes a sequential, two-stage release of organic compounds. Material released during the 30 to 400°C heating interval corresponds to volatile compounds preexisting as such in the rock. At higher temperatures (400 to 800°C), nonvolatile organic matter thermally decomposes to yield volatile compounds. For a given sample weight, the integrated response of the hydrogen-flame-ionization detector during the 30 to 400°C heating period is directly proportional to the concentration of extractable heavy hydrocarbons in that sample, as independently determined by conventional methods. Similarly, the detector response during the 400 to 800°C heating period is approximately proportional to the organic-carbon content, as determined by a separate combustion analysis. This provides a quantitative evaluation of the organic richness of potential petroleum source rocks. Previous work has shown that the temperature at which the nonvolatile organic matter thermally decomposes depends on the previous temperature history of the rock. Thus thermal analysis provides a means for rapid stimulation of fundamental criteria for source-rock evaluation.
Snow Cover Distribution, Variability, and Response to Climate Change in Western China

A study is presented of the geographical distribution and spatial and temporal variabilities of the western China snow cover in the past 47 yr between 1951 and 1997. The data used consist of Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) 6-day snow-depth charts, NOAA weekly snow extent charts, and the daily snow depth and number of snow cover days from 106 selected meteorological stations across western China. Empirical orthogonal function was performed on the SMMR dataset to better understand the spatial pattern and variability of the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) snow cover. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to show the association of interannual variations between snow cover and snow season temperature as well as precipitation. Further, the autoregressive moving average model was fitted to the snow and climate time series to test for their long-term trends. Results show that western China did not experience a continual decrease in snow cover during the great warming period of the 1980s and 1990s. It is of interest to note that no correlation was identified between temperature and precipitation in the snow cover season. However, year-to-year fluctuation of snow cover responds to both snowfall and snow season temperature. About one-half to two-thirds of the total variance in snow cover is explained by the linear variations of snowfall and snow season temperature. The long-term variability of western China snow cover is characterized by a large interannual variation superimposed on a small increase trend. The positive trend of the western China snow cover is consistent with increasing snowfall, but is in contradiction to regional warming. In addition, many constraints of the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) snow cover force the author’s challenge of Blanford’s hypothesis.
Effects of ultraviolet radiation on cutaneous T cells

In humans, exposure to physiological doses of UVB induces the appearance of a dermal cell infiltrate, mainly composed of CD4 + T lymphocytes. In this study, we intended to determine the type 1 or type 2 nature of these UVB-induced T cells on the bases of cytokine production or cell surface marker expression. After UVB-exposure, a considerable number of IL-4 + cells appeared in the dermis and epidermis whereas IFN-y expression decreased as assessed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. IL-4 was not expressed by the UVB-induced dermal T cells, leaving the identity of the actual IL-4 source still open. Concerning the type 1 (CCR5, CXCR3) and type 2 (CCR3, CRTH2) cell surface markers, the UVB-induced dermal T cells did not express any of these markers in situ. Because we could not discern between type 1 or type 2 T cells in situ, additional in vitro experiments were necessary. In contrast to the non-irradiated controls, T cells present in primary dermal cell cultures from irradiated skin preferentially produced IL-4 over IFN-y. However, dermal T cells directly cloned from irradiated skin (in the absence of surrounding dermal cells) did not show such skewing to type 2, but were mainly IFN-y producers, like the T-cell clones from nonexposed skin. Taken together, these findings show that UVB exposure might induce a change in the dermal microenvironment, shifting the development of T-cell responses towards
Une région pionnière dans le Sahara algérien : El Ghrouss

El Ghrouss est une commune de l'ouest des Ziban, symbole du dynamisme agricole qui secoue toute cette region depuis deux decennies. Le boom de la plasticulture et le renouvellement des palmeraies ont assure la prosperite des exploitations, genere un village cossu, suscite un marche a la renommee nationale. Petit secteur, belle reussite.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CORD-REINFORCED RUBBER COMPOSITES

SUMMARY: The mechanical behavior of cord-reinforced rubber composite structure under tension, bending and torsion was investigated using a three-dimensional (3D) beam finite element method. The extension-twisting coupling due to the twisted nature of the cords as well as the coupled extension, bending, and twisting deformations characteristic cord-rubber composite structures were included in the finite element model. The accuracy of the present approach is demonstrated by comparing the results of coupled stiffness obtained from the finite element analysis to the available experimental data in the literature. The effect of cord orientation on the relative deformation/stiffness under tension, bending and torsion is presented to illustrate the effects of coupled behavior of cord-reinforced rubber composite structures.
Evaluation of maize ( Zea mays L.) genotypes to estimate the genetic parameters of variability for various polygenic traits

The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications during Kharif, 2021 at RMD College of Agriculture and Research Station, Ambikapur (Chhattisgarh). A total of seventy seven maize genotypes (18 parents and 56 F1’s including 3 checks) were used to evaluate for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance analysis in 16 polygenic traits. The result of analysis of variance revealed presence of significant variation among the genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was found higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits however, high GCV and PCV were recorded for the traits viz. grain yield plant -1 , biological yield plant -1 , no. of kernels row -1 , ear height, 100-seed weight, plant height, ear length, ear girth and harvest index which showed, direct selection will be rewarding for improving these traits. High heritability (%) together with high genetic advance as percentage of mean (GAM) was recorded for 100-seed weight, grain yield plant -1 , biological yield plant -1 , plant height, ear height, no. of kernels row -1 , ear girth, ear length and harvest index which indicated that these traits are governed by additive gene action hence and are heritable and fixable thus, phenotypic selection for these traits could be rewarding.
Hypermedia Instruction and Learning Outcomes at Different Levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Domain *

The paper focuses on the investigation of a relationship between hypermedia and different cognitive levels of learning, as defined by Bloom’s Taxonomy of educational objectives. Student performance overall, as well as at the lower cognitive categories, corresponding to knowledge acquisition and routine application stages of learning, was significantly better when hypermedia instruction was used. There was also evidence that low ability learners benefited from hypermedia more at the lower cognitive categories, while high ability learners benefited more at the higher cognitive categories. While a review of the educational literature on the subject found few relevant studies, their results support these conclusions. The paper also discusses limitations of the analysis and makes recommendations for the
Infiltration into soils: Conceptual approaches and solutions

Infiltration is a key process in aspects of hydrology, agricultural and civil engineering, irrigation design, and soil and water conservation. It is complex, depending on soil and rainfall properties and initial and boundary conditions within the flow domain. During the last century, a great deal of effort has been invested to understand the physics of infiltration and to develop quantitative predictors of infiltration dynamics. Jean‐Yves Parlange and Wilfried Brutsaert have made seminal contributions, especially in the area of infiltration theory and related analytical solutions to the flow equations. This review retraces the landmark discoveries and the evolution of the conceptual approaches and the mathematical solutions applied to the problem of infiltration into porous media, highlighting the pivotal contributions of Parlange and Brutsaert. A historical retrospective of physical models of infiltration is followed by the presentation of mathematical methods leading to analytical solutions of the flow equations. This review then addresses the time compression approximation developed to estimate infiltration at the transition between preponding and postponding conditions. Finally, the effects of special conditions, such as the presence of air and heterogeneity in soil properties, on infiltration are considered.
Analisi fitosociologica dei fiumi della Toscana meridionale: il tratto medio-basso del Merse (Italia centrale)

RIASSUNTO: Gli autori, dopo una breve premessa delle caratteristiche geologiche, idrologiche e climatiche, descrivono i risultati di uno studio fitosociologico relativo alla vegetazione ripariale e acquatica del tratto medio-basso del fiume Merse (Toscana meridionale, Italia centrale). Scopo di questo contributo e infatti ampliare le conoscenze su sintassonomia, ecologia ed aspetti dinamici delle comunita vegetali dei fiumi della Toscana meridionale. Il presente lavoro ha permesso di tracciare uno schema sintassonomico piuttosto complesso che ha evidenziato la grande ricchezza vegetazionale del settore fluviale indagato; sono state individuate infatti cenosi appartenenti a 12 classi fitosociologiche: Querco-Fagetea, Salicetea purpureae, Rhamno-Prunetea, Rosmarinetea officinalis, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Artemisietea vulgaris, Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, Bidentetea tripartitae, Agrostietea stoloniferae, Phragmito- Magnocaricetea, Potamogetonetea pectinati, Charetea fragilis. Attraverso l’analisi floristica e sinecologica di tali comunita si e potuto rilevare un elevato livello di qualita ambientale (comunita idrofitiche indicatrici di ambienti acquatici oligotrofici, alta diversita fitocenotica, presenza di popolamenti arboreo-arbustivi ben caratterizzati floristicamente, strutturalmente ed ecologicamente) da attribuire alla scarsa antropizzazione del territorio. ABSTRACT: After a brief introduction on the geological, hydrological and climatic characteristics, the authors describe the results of a phytosociological study concerning riparian and aquatic vegetation of the lower-middle Merse river (southern Tuscany, central Italy). Purpose of the contribution is to further knowledge on the syntaxonomy, ecology and dynamics of river vegetational communities in southern Tuscany. The paper outlines a rather complex syntaxonomy scheme pointing out the vegetation abundance of the section of the river studied. In fact, coenosis belonging to 12 different phytosociological classes were identified: Querco-Fagetea, Salicetea purpureae, Rhamno-Prunetea, Rosmarinetea officinalis, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Artemisietea vulgaris, Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, Bidentetea tripartitae, Agrostietea stoloniferae, Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, Potamogetonetea pectinati, Charetea fragilis. High environmental quality was evidenced by floristic and synecological analysis of the community. Due to the low presence of human activity, hydrophytic community indicating oligotrophic aquatic environment, high phytocoenotic diversity, floristically, structurally and ecologically well characterized tree/shrub population were found.
Factors affecting the choices of coping strategies for climate extremes: The case of farmers in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia

This study adopted the multinomial logit model to analyze factors affecting the choice of coping strategies in response to climate extreme events for the Ethiopian Nile River Basin. Results from the multinomial logit model show that different socioeconomic and environmental factors affect coping with climate extreme events. Factors that positively influence coping include education of the head of household, gender of household head being male, farm income, livestock ownership, access to extension for crop and livestock production, farmer-to-farmer extension, temperature, ownership of radio, and better-quality house. Thus, to increase coping with covariate shocks, such as climate extreme events, policies should encourage income generation and asset holding (especially livestock), both of which will support consumption smoothing during and immediately after harsh climatic events. Moreover, government policies should focus on developing institutions that enhance access to education and extension services.
The philosophy of mathematics education

This survey provides a brief and selective overview of research in the philosophy of mathematics education. It asks what makes up the philosophy of mathematics education, what it means, what questions it asks and answers, and what is its overall importance and use? It provides overviews of critical mathematics education, and the most relevant modern movements in the philosophy of mathematics. A case study is provided of an emerging research tradition in one country. This is the Hermeneutic strand of research in the philosophy of mathematics education in Brazil. This illustrates one orientation towards research inquiry in the philosophy of mathematics education. It is part of a broader practice of ‘philosophical archaeology’: the uncovering of hidden assumptions and buried ideologies within the concepts and methods of research and practice in mathematics education. An extensive bibliography is also included.
A Revised Systematic Ichnotaxonomy and Review of the Vertebrate Footprint Ichnofamily Chirotheriidae from the British Triassic

Since 1838, many discoveries of the tetrapod footprint taxon Chirotherium and closely similar forms have been reported from the British Middle Triassic. These have been assigned to dozens of ichnotaxa, so that the identification and interpretation of members of the ichnofamily Chirotheriidae have become confused. Part 1 of this article deals with ichnotaxonomy. Revision of all the available material shows that there are at least three valid ichnospecies of Chirotherium, one of Synaptichnium, and one of Isochirotherium. The presence of a fourth related ichnogenus, Brachychirotherium, cannot yet be confirmed in Britain. Emended diagnoses are proposed for all four ichnogenera; they may be readily distinguished by the shape of the hand (manus) and foot (pes) impression and especially by the phalangeal counts. The natural cast of a probable tail impression, associated with Chirotheriidae footprints from the British Triassic is figured for the first time, as is a rare detailed impression of skin and the tarsal region of an Isochirotherium lomasi pes cast. Part 2 provides a critical history of the earliest discoveries of each of these ichnogenera in the British Triassic. It is subdivided into divisions, depending on the quality of data and existence of specimens, the localities in Britain which have yielded these ichnogenera; a detailed history and discussion is provided of the earliest discoveries made at each locality. The stratigraphic distribution and paleological significance of the ichnogenera/species are assessed.
Sarcasm‐based tweet‐level stress detection

Psychological stress has evolved as an important health concern across the globe. The vulnerability to stress and the ramifications of it have only worsened during the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This necessitates a timely diagnosis of stress before the condition progresses to chronicity. In this context, the popularity of social media like Twitter, where large numbers of users share opinions without any social stigma, has emerged as a major resource of human opinions. This has led to an increased research interest in social media‐based stress detection techniques. However, tweet‐level stress detection techniques in the literature have left a void in leveraging the text information in tweets, especially the presence of sarcastic expressions in the tweet's text content. To this end, a novel method called “Sarcasm‐based Tweet‐Level Stress Detection” (STSD) is proposed in this work with the modification of the logistic loss function to detect tweet‐level stress by availing the information of sarcasm that exists in the tweet‐content. The principle of the STSD model is to minimize the loss for non‐sarcastic tweets while maximising the loss for sarcastic tweets. Furthermore, extensive preprocessing and dimensionality reduction are performed using kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA) to improve the performance by reducing the dimensions. The experimental results show that the proposed STSD model, when applied along with kernel PCA, records a significant improvement in accuracy by a minimum of 5.25% and a maximum of 9.19% over baseline models. Also, there is an increment in F1‐score by at least 0.085 points and a maximum of 0.164 points when compared to the baseline models.
Geographical Features vs. Institutional Factors: New Perspectives on The Growth of Africa and Middle-East

This paper examines Africa's and Middle East's growth performance for the period 1990- 2005. It employs a Bayesian Model Averaging method that constructs estimates as a weighted average of Spatial Autoregressive estimates for every possible combination of included variables. One of the results of the paper is that the inclusion of spatial dependencies has a direct impact on the determinants of growth in Africa and Middle-East. Indeed, the methodology used in the paper offers an interesting response to the institution/geography debate on the explanation of growth and development. In particular, our methodology allows a selection of the institutional variables that count to explain low development since the geographical variables are partially integrated in the spatial dependence effect.
Diastrophic Background to Twentieth-Century Geomorphological Thought

The eustatic theory of Edward Suess provided the major diastrophic influence which conditioned geomorphological thought for the first 3–4 decades of the twentieth century. Assisted by the translation of De Margerie, the work of A. Penck, the results of the Challenger expedition, and the concept of “borderlands,” this theory had become a basic article of geological faith by the time Chamberlin's (1909) influential statement on diastrophism and correlation appeared. During the following quarter of a century the theory was consolidated as the result of intensification of interest in North American stratigraphy, studies of glacial eustatism, and the investigation of submarine canyons. The high point of the geomorphological influence of the eustatic theory was marked by the publications of Baulig (1928; 1935), who was partly responsible for its subsequent importance in British geomorphological thought. By the late 1930's the increasing awareness of continental instability, largely resulting from ideas bearing on the epeirogenic and isostatic theories, had begun to cast serious doubt on the geomorphological value of Suess' “great unifying generalization. ” Of the variety of patterns of crustal movement which had been proposed, that of W. M. Davis came to be largely accepted both by tectonic geologists and geomorphologists alike, although problems of instability of baselevel and insufficiency of time for peneplanation are proving increasing impediments to its retention. It is ironical, too, that many of the geological advances which first appeared to strengthen the eustatic theory have helped more lately to discredit it—at least in the extreme form proposed by Suess.
Soil heterogeneity in Mojave Desert shrublands: Biotic and abiotic processes

Geological and ecological processes play critical roles in the evolution of desert piedmonts. Feedback between fast cyclic biotic and slow cumulative pedogenic processes on arid alluvial fan systems results in a heterogeneous landscape of interspace and canopy microsites. Defining the spatial extent between these processes will allow a better connection to ecosystem service and climate change. We use a soil chronosequence in the Mojave Desert and high spatial resolution infiltrometer measurements along transects radiating from canopies of perennial shrubs to assess the extent of biotic and abiotic processes and the heterogeneity of soil properties in arid shrublands. Results showed higher saturated conductivity under vegetation regardless of surface age, but it was more conspicuous on older, developed soils. At proximal locations to the shrub, bulk density, soil structure grade, silt, and clay content significantly increased radially from the canopy, while sand and organic material decreased. Soil properties at distal locations 2–5 times the canopy radius had no significant spatial correlation. The extent of the biotic influence of the shrub was 1.34 ± 0.32 times the canopy radius. Hydraulic properties were weakly correlated in space, but 75% of the variance could be attributed to sand content, soil structure grade, mean‐particle diameter, and soil organic material, none of which are exclusively biotic or abiotic. The fast cyclic biotic processes occurring under vegetation are clearly overprinted on slow cumulative abiotic processes, resulting in the deterministic variability observed at the plant scale.