Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on the k-casein complex: I. The release of sialic acid-containing material by rennin

Summary When k-casein was treated with rennin at neutral pH all the sialic acid contained in the protein was found in the glycopeptide released by the enzyme. From the known molecular weight of the glycopeptide and its proportion in k -casein, a molecular weight of the order of 50000 was calculated for the protein
Nyctalus plancyi and Falsistrellus petersi (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Northern Luzon, Philippines: Ecology, Phylogeny, and Biogeographic Implications

We report the first records of Nyctalus plancyi from the Philippines, on the basis of three specimens taken in high-elevation mossy forest in the Central Cordillera of northern Luzon. We also report three new specimens of Falsistrellus petersi in the same areas, previously a poorly known species within the Philippines, and provide the first genetic data on the phylogenetic position of the genus. Analysis of sequence data from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b shows ca. 4% divergence of the Philippine N. plancyi from a sample from China. Combined sequence data from cytochrome b and the nuclear gene RAG2 confirm that JV. plancyi is related to Pipistrellus. They further show that F. petersi is related to Hypsugo and Vespertilio, and Philetor brachypterus is related to Tylonycteris, with all of these taxa being members of the Vespertilionini, not the Pipistrellini. Nyctalus plancyi is the first mammal species documented to have colonized the main, oceanic body of the Philippines from the north (i.e., Taiwan or mainland China), rather than from the south (Borneo, Sulawesi, or New Guinea).
Intervening in Student Identity in Mathematics Education: An Attempt to Increase Motivation to Learn Mathematics

Students’ relationships with mathematics continuously remain problematic, and researchers have begun to look at this issue through the lens of identity. In this article, the researchers discuss identity in education research, specifically in mathematics classrooms, and break down the various perspective on identity. A review of recent literature that explicitly invokes identity as a construct in intervention studies is presented, with a devoted attention to research on identity interventions in mathematics classrooms categorized based on the various perspectives of identity. Across perspectives, the review demonstrates that mathematics identities motivate action and that mathematics educators can influence students’ mathematical identities. The purpose of this paper is to help readers, researchers, and educators understand the various perspectives on identity, understand that identity can be influenced, and learn how researchers and educators have thus far, and continue to study identity interventions in mathematics classrooms.
Leaf anatomy of medicinal shrubs and trees from gallery forests (Paranaense province) Argentina

INTRODUCTION Gallery forests are situated on the margins of Parana and Uruguay rivers and Delta of the Parana river, reaching Punta Lara city on the right margin of Rio de la Plata (Cabrera 1976). This region has a big quantity of native medicinal plants (Amat and Yajia 1991). Recently, there has been a remarkable revival in the use of herbal medicines. In this way, before to commercialize these medicinal plants, it would interesting to have a tool to identify the entire or fragmented material. Some studies of leaf anatomy of trees have been carried out (eg Cortadi et al. 1996; Guantay 2004; Wagner and Ponessa 2004), however, is useful to increase the knowledge of leaf anatomy in a bigger number of species. Therefore, we studied leaf epidermis and leaf structure of 62 species belonging to 28 families. Our purpose was to get micromorphological characters useful to distinguish the studied taxa from disgregated leaf material.
Insects attack citrus trees in Al- Qalyubiyah Governorate, Eygypt

This study was aimed to determine the recent status of insect pests infest the citrus trees (Baladi and Navel Orange) at Qalyubiyah governorate, Egypt. Study was conducted during visiting two orchards in Tukh area twice a month for nineteen continuous months. Seasonal abundance of the dominant species of insects pests infesting citrus trees and their natural enemies were also investigated. Thirteen insects pests species were found. They were belonging to families: Aphididae, Coccidae, Margarodidae, Diaspididae, Anthomyi, Aleyrodidae, Thripidae and Drosophilidae. Aphids were the most common pest attacking citrus trees. Its peak of abundance was between March and first week of April followed by significant numbers of scale insects and leaf miner, which were found in most months of the year. The natural enemies of citrus pests species were belonging to these taxonomic groups: Neuroptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Acari.
When your goals inspire my goals: the role of effort, personal value, and inference in goal contagion

ABSTRACT Just observing other people can influence what we do. Under certain conditions, it inspires us to strive for the same goal as the other person. Such goal contagion occurs, because one first automatically infers the goal and then adopts it for oneself. In a series of three experiments (overall N = 840 university students), we investigated personal goal value and the observed person’s effort as moderators of goal contagion, which is mediated by goal inference. In all three experiments, participants read a brief story about a student who either wants to earn money (target goal) or to do an internship (control) and expects to show much or little effort. In Studies 1a and b, goal inference was the dependent variable, whereas in Study 2, we considered the full moderated-mediation model and measured how strongly participants pursue the goal to earn money. We aimed at locating the moderators within this two-step process. We hypothesized that high effort increases goal inference, whereas personal goal value strengthens the relationship between goal inference and goal adoption. Across experiments, we did find evidence for explicit and spontaneous, but not for implicit goal inference. Furthermore, participants did not pursue to earn money to a different degree across conditions and different degrees of goal value. Taken together, neither the moderated-mediation process nor the basic goal contagion effect was supported. Results are discussed in the light of other published studies on goal contagion and the current Replication Crisis.
Behavioral Ecology of Podding Red King Crab, Paralithodes camtschatica

Diel activity cycles and foraging dynamics for two pods of 500–800 juvenile red king crab, Paralithodes camtschatica, were monitored for 196 d. (Nov. 1987–June 1988) and 148 d. (Oct. 1988–Feb. 1989) in Womans Bay, Kodiak, Alaska, using SCUBA. Nocturnal foraging and homing behavior of podding red king crab were documented for the first time. Variation in time of pod dispersal into a nightly foraging aggregation was explained (R2 = 0.72) by changes in water temperature, crab weight, and time of sunset. A trend of increased foraging time and movement to deeper, cooler water was apparent after mid-April, as water temperatures reached 4 °C and began a sustained summer increase. Molting occurred only at night, and seasonal variations in molting rate were estimated using molting probability models based on length-frequency distributions. Average pod movement was counter to the direction of strongest water currents, and homing behavior suggested some affinity for a low-light environment in man-made niches. Items .
COVID-19 neurotropism and implications for therapy

The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in humans is poorly understood, although the cellular receptors which facilitate the virus fusion have been identified. Although the major symptoms of the infection have been identified as acute respiratory distress, pneumonia, and fever, recently, symptoms involving nervous system dysfunctions, including encephalopathy and stroke, have been detected. Herein, we comprehensively review the evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection involves a neurotropic mechanism including a nose-brain-lung axis suggesting implications in therapy development.
HISTOPATOLOGI ARTERI KORONARIA Rattus novergicus STRAIN WISTAR JANTAN SETELAH PEMBERIAN DIET ATEROGENIK SELAMA 5 MINGGU

Atherosclerosis is a complex chronic disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid, trombosits, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages within arterial walls. Atherosclerosis could be induced in animal model ( Rattus novergicus ) by feeding atherogenic diet. The goal of this research was to analyze histopathological of coronary artery on male Rattus novergicus strain wistar after fed atherogenic diet for 5 weeks. This research was an experimental laboratory research with post test only with control design. Twelve male rats were segregated into two groups ( n=6 ) labelled as control fed standart and atherogenic group fed atherogenic diet containing cholic acid 0,2%, fat 5%, egg yolk 2% and induction with vitamin D3. After 5 weeks coronary artery was taken and histological slides were made and colored with Hematoxylin Eosin. The measured parameter were atherosclerosis lession score. The result showed 66% sampels that given standart diet and 100% sampels that given atherogenic diet showed atherosclerosis lession.The statistical test result showed there is no significant difference between control group and atherogenic group. ( p=0,328 ). The conclusion, atherosclerosis occurred in 4 sampels ( 66% ) of control group and 6 sampels ( 100% ) of atherogenic group. There was no significant difference in coronary artery histopathology Rattus novergicus between the control group with atherogenic group.
Experimental analysis and mechanical characterization of Al 6061/alumina/bagasse ash hybrid reinforced metal matrix composite using vacuum-assisted stir casting method

This experimental analysis aimed to fabricate low cost, lightweight metal matrix composite using Al 6061 as matrix material and alumina (Al2O3) and bagasse ash as reinforcing material through stir casting process. In this process one cast of single reinforced composite (Al 6061/5 wt% Al2O3) and three casts of hybrid reinforced composite (Al 6061/5 wt% Al2O3/ 4, 6, 8 wt% bagasse ash) were developed and processed as per ASTM standards followed by mechanical (micro-hardness, ductility, compression, tensile, and impact strength), physical (density and porosity), and microstructure (optical and SEM microscopy) characterization. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, and compressive strength showed good improvements in the manufactured hybrid reinforced metal matrix composite (HRMMC) in comparison with the single reinforced metal matrix composite (SRMMC). The tensile strength and hardness of developed composite increased continuously with an increase in bagasse ash contents up to 6 wt% having maximum increment of 9.09% (tensile) and 16.5% (hardness) and thereafter both decreased for 8 wt% of bagasse ash, respectively. The results of impact strength and ductility of Al 6061/Al2O3/bagasse ash showed marginal reduction, as the wt% of reinforcements increased. It was found that the density of HRMMC was less than the SRMMC and it decreased with increasing wt% of reinforcements however, the composite contained some porosity percentage (max. value 2.26%), which increased as the wt% of reinforcement increased. The microstructure analysis showed fair distribution with good interface bonding up to 6 wt% bagasse ash.
Distribution of macrobenthic fauna in Phawong and U‐Taphao canals flowing into a lagoonal lake, Songkhla, Thailand

The macrobenthic fauna of two discharge ecosystems, Phawong Canal and U-Taphao Canal flowing into Songkhla Lake in Thailand, were studied from August 1994 to August 1995. The salinity of Phawong Canal and U-Taphao Canal ranged from 0.1 to 27.8 and 0.1 to 17.0 practical salinity units (PSU), respectively. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of Phawong Canal ranged from 2.5 to 33.0 mg L−1, while that of U-Taphao Canal ranged from 1.1 to 12.6 mg L−1. Temporal changes in the number of species and individuals were determined throughout a year. During the season of heavy rains (November– December), the density and number of most species decreased markedly. Only chironomid larvae increased and these were distributed in the uppermost reaches of the canals during this period. Sixty-two and 52 species of macrobenthic fauna were found in Phawong Canal and U-Taphao Canal, respectively; however, the abundance and number of species collected at each sampling was very low in the upper reaches of the canals. The most numerous benthic fauna in the Phawong Canal were polychaetes, followed by amphipods. Pelecypods and gastropods were the dominant groups in U-Taphao Canal. A distribution pattern of macrobenthic fauna associated with pollution gradients (BOD) was observed only at Phawong Canal. In addition, species diversity according to the Shannon-Wiener index only was not applicable to the assessment of benthic environmental health when the few individuals found were evenly distributed among the few species present at U-Taphao Canal. It is recommended that a coastal care project be established by the appropriate government agencies in the study areas.
Artificial Intelligence and Human Trust in Healthcare: Focus on Clinicians

Artificial intelligence (AI) can transform health care practices with its increasing ability to translate the uncertainty and complexity in data into actionable—though imperfect—clinical decisions or suggestions. In the evolving relationship between humans and AI, trust is the one mechanism that shapes clinicians’ use and adoption of AI. Trust is a psychological mechanism to deal with the uncertainty between what is known and unknown. Several research studies have highlighted the need for improving AI-based systems and enhancing their capabilities to help clinicians. However, assessing the magnitude and impact of human trust on AI technology demands substantial attention. Will a clinician trust an AI-based system? What are the factors that influence human trust in AI? Can trust in AI be optimized to improve decision-making processes? In this paper, we focus on clinicians as the primary users of AI systems in health care and present factors shaping trust between clinicians and AI. We highlight critical challenges related to trust that should be considered during the development of any AI system for clinical use.
Digest: Microhabitat use and developmental timing shape anuran limb evolution*

Do frog limb shapes reflect microhabitat use against the backdrop of shared ancestry, body size variation, and developmental constraints? Stepanova and Womack found that when phylogeny and body size are controlled, microhabitat use is a key factor in explaining anuran limb evolution. The shape of distal limb elements in anuran limbs also evolves at a higher rate than proximal elements, suggesting that a relaxation of developmental constraints in distal elements may be shared across tetrapod limb development.
Role of nutrient supply in grazer–periphyton interactions: reciprocal influences of periphyton and grazer nutrient stoichiometry

Abstract Grazer–periphyton interactions are shaped, in part, by indirect effects of nutrient regeneration. They are an important model system with which to test predictions of ecological stoichiometry and the Growth Rate Hypothesis. We conducted a laboratory experiment to test how nutrient enrichment and grazer identity interact to regulate the nutrient content and stoichiometry of both periphyton and consumers. We considered a situation in which P concentration in the water column was high, in contrast to previous experiments in which P was the limiting nutrient. We added N and P, alone and in combination, to the water in experimental aquaria that contained periphyton communities on clay tiles and grazers (1 of 3 snail species) or no grazers (ungrazed control). Benthic algae incorporated nutrients in close proportion to their availability in each nutrient treatment. Algal biomass increased significantly with +N+P enrichment, but not with +N or +P enrichment alone. Grazers had no effect on periphyton C:N ratios and positive effects on periphyton C:P and N:P ratios. P content of grazers (% dry mass) increased and C:P and N:P molar ratios of grazers decreased in response to N enrichment of the water. Grazer P content increased in response to N enrichment, probably because of increased grazer growth rates. We hypothesize that the addition of N under N-limiting conditions led to increased P uptake or retention by grazers because of high growth rates and RNA production, consistent with the Growth Rate Hypothesis.
Capsules TCN Network for Urban Computing and Intelligence in Urban Traffic Prediction

Predicting urban traffic is of great importance to smart city systems and public security; however, it is a very challenging task because of several dynamic and complex factors, such as patterns of urban geographical location, weather, seasons, and holidays. To tackle these challenges, we are stimulated by the deep-learning method proposed to unlock the power of knowledge from urban computing and proposed a deep-learning model based on neural network, entitled Capsules TCN Network, to predict the traffic flow in local areas of the city at once. Capsules TCN Network employs a Capsules Network and Temporal Convolutional Network as the basic unit to learn the spatial dependence, time dependence, and external factors of traffic flow prediction. In specific, we consider some particular scenarios that require accurate traffic flow prediction (e.g., smart transportation, business circle analysis, and traffic flow assessment) and propose a GAN-based superresolution reconstruction model. Extensive experiments were conducted based on real-world datasets to demonstrate the superiority of Capsules TCN Network beyond several state-of-the-art methods. Compared with HA, ARIMA, RNN, and LSTM classic methods, respectively, the method proposed in the paper achieved better results in the experimental verification.
Mobility Reduction and Covid-19 Transmission Rates

Assessing the contribution of mobility restrictions to the control of Covid-19 diffusion is an urgent challenge of global import. We analyze the relation between transmission rates (estimated effective reproduction numbers) and societal mobility levels using fine-grained daily mobility data from Google and Apple in an international panel of 87 countries and a panel of all states in the United States. Reduced form regression estimates that flexibly control for time trends suggest that a 10 percentage point reduction in mobility is associated with a 0.04-0.09 reduction in the value of the effective reproduction number, R(t), depending on geographical region and modelling choice. According to these estimates, to avoid the critical value of R = 1, easing mobility restrictions may have to be limited to below pre-pandemic levels or delayed until other non-mobility related preventative measures reduce R to a level of 0.55-0.7 in Europe, a level of 0.64-0.76 in Asia, and a level of 0.8 in the United States. Given gaps in data availability and inference challenges, these estimates should be interpreted with caution.
Iodine Content of Salt in Retail Shops and Retailers’ Knowledge on Iodized Salt in Wa East District, Upper West Region, Ghana

Background. There are laws to enforce the universal iodization of salt to check the consequences of iodine deficiency in Ghana. These laws are to ensure that there are production and sales of iodized salt in the country. Yet, the availability of iodized salt in the county's households is still not encouraging, with data indicating that 93.8% of children have urine iodine <100 μg/dl. Hence, the study investigated the iodine content of salt in retail shops and knowledge of iodized salt among retailers in the Wa East District. The study will help the informed decision on strengthening and enforcing laws to achieve the universal salt iodization and the consumption of adequate iodized salt. Method. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. We used a questionnaire to collect quantitative data from participants and a rapid field test kits to determine the iodine content of salt. STATA version 14.2 was used to analyse data. Chi-squared and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the dependent and independent variables and considered p value <0.05 as statistically significant. Findings. The retailers’ primary source of information about iodized salt was health workers (46.2%), with the majority (52.8%) of them having low knowledge of iodized salt. Notwithstanding the high knowledge of iodized salt, as high as 53.8% of the salts do not have adequate iodine (<15 ppm). Retailer’s sex (p=0.014), educational level (p=0.006), primary source of information about iodized salt (p=0.012), texture of salt being sold (p=0.023), and mode of displaying salt in the shop (p=0.003) were associated with knowledge of iodised salt. Again, retailer’s educational level (p=0.036), knowledge of iodized salt (p=0.034), texture of salt being sold (p=0.021), and method of displaying the salt being sold (p=0.004) were associated with an iodine content of the salt in the shop. Conclusions. Though policies have been implemented to promote production and consumption of iodized salt, the iodine content of salt in retail shops in the Wa East are not encouraging. We recommend the establishment of checkpoints along the production and distribution chain to ensure salt with adequate iodine reaches the consumer. Again, traders of iodized salt should have regular training on ways to preserve salt to maintain its iodine content.
A new cladistic insight on comparative anatomy and phylogeny of rudists (Bivalvia, Hippuritida)

The phylogenetic history of rudist bivalves is reviewed using a cladistic analysis based on 41 morphological shell characters and a new topology is proposed. A novel approach to rudist comparative anatomy has enabled the mapping of homologous zones. We highlight that ‘pallial canals’ can be homologous to four specific cavities that have merged during rudist evolution. The characters of the myophores and muscle insertions have also been reappraised using a hierarchical scheme. We formalize, for the first time, the complex diversification of rudist myophores by constructing tree-like characters that can contain up to six informative states for each of the four myophores. All characters have been coded as independent features. This has enabled the identification of different evolutionary rates of change between left and right valves and allows the recognition of the various morphoanatomic responses of one valve to the structural changes of the other. All characters have been coded in hierarchies and analysed in three-taxon analysis. Taxonomic sampling composed of two species per family allows an exhaustive monophyly test of all families of the suborder Hippuritidina. Only the families Polyconitidae, Plagioptychidae, Radiolitidae and Hippuritidae are found to be monophyletic. The two superfamilies are both found to be polyphyletic. The Hippuritidae is found to be the sister group of the Radiolitidae. Pachytraga is found as the sister group of all the rudists with pallial canals except Sellaea. Two evolutionary radiations in rudists are dated, using the cladistic concept of temporal hierarchy, to the Hauterivian + and the Albian+.