Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mineral Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilizers on the Productivity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Acidic Soils of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Poor soil fertility is among the major factors that limit faba bean production in Wolaita Zone in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in the Kokate Marachare subdistrict of Sodo Zuria District of the zone during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons to determine the response of faba bean to different rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers under lime-treated soil conditions by using Tumsa faba bean variety. The treatments consisted of three rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 23, and 46 kg N ha−1), three rates of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 46, and 92 kg P2O5 ha−1), and three rates of potassium fertilizer (0, 30, and 60 kg K2O ha−1) that were laid out as RCBD and replicated three times per treatment. The results indicated that the N, P, and K fertilizer combination at 23:92:60 kg ha−1 increased plant height, the number of branches per plant, and stem girth by 18%, 62.6%, and 55.6%, respectively, compared with the control treatment. A significantly high aboveground dry biomass (11.8 t ha−1), number of pods per plant (17 pods), number of seeds per pod (4 pods), stover yield (6.83 t ha−1), and hundred seed weight (88 g) were obtained from the N, P, and K fertilizer combination at 23:92:60 kg ha–1. The highest grain yield (4.97 t ha−1) was obtained from the N, P, and K combination at 23:92:60 kg ha−1, which was 360% higher than the yield obtained from the control treatment. Moreover, the highest mean net benefit (USD 4,109.33 ha−1) with an acceptable marginal rate of return of 1,340% was obtained from the N, P, and K fertilizer combination at 23 kg N, 92 kg P2O5, and 60 kg K2O ha–1, respectively. Thus, these rates are suggested for faba bean production in the acidic soils of the Wolaita Zone.
Impacts of Real-Time Traffic State on Urban Expressway Crashes by Collision and Vehicle Type

With the rapid development of urban expressway systems in China in recent years, traffic safety problems have attracted more attention. Variation of traffic flow is considered to have significant impact on the safety performance of expressways. Therefore, the motivation of this study is to explore the mechanism of how the variation of traffic flow measurements such as average speed, speed variation and traffic volume impact the crash risk. Firstly, the crashes were classified according to crash type and vehicles involved: and they are labeled with rear-end collisions or side-impact collisions, they are labeled with heavy-vehicle related collisions or light-vehicle related collisions as well. Then, the corresponding crash data were aggregated based on the similarity of traffic flow conditions and types of crashes. Finally, a random effect negative binomial model was introduced to consider the heterogeneity of the crash risk due to the variance within the traffic flow and crash types. The results show that the significant influencing factors of each type of crashes are not consistent. Specifically, the percentage of heavy vehicles within traffic flow is found to have a negative impact on rear-end collisions and light-vehicle-related collisions, but it has no obvious correlation with side-impact collisions and heavy-vehicle-related collisions. Average speed, speed variation and traffic volume have an interactive effect on the crash rate. In conclusion, if the traffic flow is with higher speed variation within lanes and is with lower average speed, the risk of all types of crashes tends to be higher. If the speed variation within lanes decreases and the average speed increases, the crash risk will also increase. In addition, if the traffic flow is under the conditions of higher speed variation between lanes and lower traffic volume, the risk of rear-end collisions, side-impact collisions and heavy-vehicles related collisions tend to be higher. Meanwhile, if the speed variation between lanes decreases and the traffic volume increases, the crash risk is found to increase as well.
Does social trust restrict dual agency costs? Evidence from China

This study examines whether social trust mitigates both principal-agent and principal-principal agency costs. Using data from China, we find that those firms headquartered in regions with high levels of social trust have a lower level of perk consumption, a high asset turnover ratio, and a low level of financial tunneling. Thus, the findings provide strong evidence that social trust serves as an invisible hand mitigating agency costs. Additionally, the results demonstrate that social trust’s effect is attenuated when external monitoring is already in place, suggestive of a more pronounced monitoring effect of social trust when firms lack formal governance mechanisms. Additional analyses on State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) and non-SOE subsamples reveal that social trust has a more pronounced effect in reducing managerial perk consumption in SOEs than in non-SOEs, whereas the constraining effect of social trust on tunneling is stronger in non-SOEs than it in SOEs.
L-Thyroxine Improves Vestibular Compensation in a Rat Model of Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy: Cellular and Behavioral Aspects

Unilateral vestibular lesions induce a vestibular syndrome, which recovers over time due to vestibular compensation. The therapeutic effect of L-Thyroxine (L-T4) on vestibular compensation was investigated by behavioral testing and immunohistochemical analysis in a rat model of unilateral vestibular neurectomy (UVN). We demonstrated that a short-term L-T4 treatment reduced the vestibular syndrome and significantly promoted vestibular compensation. Thyroid hormone receptors (TRα and TRβ) and type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) were present in the vestibular nuclei (VN), supporting a local action of L-T4. We confirmed the T4-induced metabolic effects by demonstrating an increase in the number of cytochrome oxidase-labeled neurons in the VN three days after the lesion. L-T4 treatment modulated glial reaction by decreasing both microglia and oligodendrocytes in the deafferented VN three days after UVN and increased cell proliferation. Survival of newly generated cells in the deafferented vestibular nuclei was not affected, but microglial rather than neuronal differentiation was favored by L-T4 treatment.
Magnetic susceptibility measurements as a function of temeperature and freqeuncy I: inversion theory

SUMMARY Magnetic measurements as a function of temperature and time are commonly used to reconstruct the volume distribution of superparamagnetic (SP) particles. Knowledge of the temperature dependence of the magnetic moments and the anisotropy energies is necessary for a correct interpretation of the measurements. Temperature dependences are usually derived from bulk magnetic properties. The magnetic properties of small particles, however, are strongly influenced by surface effects related to low-temperature oxidation, reduced coordination of surface spins and interactions with surrounding molecules. These effects are difficult to quantify, especially in rocks and sediments. To address this problem, a method for reconstructing the magnetic properties of weakly interacting assemblages of SP particles is presented. The method is based on the inversion of magnetic susceptibility measurements performed for a range of temperatures at different frequencies. The redundancy of the measurements is used to obtain estimates of the abovementioned temperature dependences, the effective interaction field and the pre-exponential factor in Neel–Brown relaxation theory without using any a priori assumptions on the magnetic properties of the particles. The inversion method was successfully tested on numerical samples representing typical susceptibility measurements of natural and artificial samples. Susceptibility inversion results can provide new insights in the magnetic properties of fine particles relevant in palaeo- and environmental magnetism.
Training with growing sets: A comparative study

Being similar to and inspired from the process of human education, curriculum learning methods ‐or CL methods‐sort the input examples from easy to difficult, then add them to the training set in that order. Considering the fact that CL research is most concerned with determining the direction (from easy to difficult vs. from difficult to easy) and the criteria of this sorting, vast and various studies have emerged in the literature addressing both types of sorting. However, this results in a contradiction that demands finding a common aspect of ordering in both directions. This study argues that this required common aspect lies in the gradual enlargement of training. In other words, it is claimed that the success of CL methods does not depend on which criteria or in which direction the ordering is made. Extensive experiments have been conducted on various datasets using different deep learning models in order to test this claim. It was observed that random ordering had achieved competitive results with CL methods. Moreover, random ordering proved to be faster than other CL methods as it eliminates the cost of sorting computation. Based on these results, using random ordered growing sets as a baseline in future CL studies is recommended. Moreover, the possibly to improve the optimization performance via training with growing sets in theoretical perspective is also explained.
Justifying force: international law, foreign policy decision-making, and the use of force

What is the role of international law in foreign-policy decision-making? In particular, why do leaders justify policy decisions with appeals to international law and why do these appeals make the references that they do? This paper combines scholarship on the role of justifications and the permissive power of international law, theorizing that decisionmakers will seek out international legal justifications over justifications that reference non-legal claims. These justifications are seen as particularly important in the contemporary world, reflecting the legalized nature of international relations today. In particular, decision-makers will especially prefer to reference codified international agreements over customary international law, seeing a particular value to referencing a written text even if it is not as directly connected to the issue at hand. These more general justifications are, in turn, preferred over non-legal justifications. This reflects the importance of international law in international relations—in a deeply legalized system actors feel compelled to portray their behaviors as legal, even if these justifications are tenuous or if pursuing them is time and resource consuming. The United Kingdom’s 1956 intervention in the Suez and the United States’ 1983 intervention in Grenada—are used to test these assumptions. Both cases support the theory: decision-makers prefer legal justifications, pursuing these over other options. In addition, decision-makers appear to prefer legal arguments built on codified law, keeping with the theoretical predictions. These findings deepen our understanding of how actors understand and use international law, its role in justifications, and the legalized nature of international relations today.
Predator odor (TMT) exposure potentiates interoceptive sensitivity to alcohol and increases GABAergic gene expression in the anterior insular cortex and nucleus accumbens in male rats

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) confers enhanced vulnerability to develop comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD). Exposure to the scent of a predator, such as the fox odor TMT, has been used to model a traumatic stressor with relevance to PTSD symptomatology. Alcohol produces distinct interoceptive (subjective) effects that may influence vulnerability to problem drinking and AUD. As such, understanding the lasting impact of stressor on sensitivity to the interoceptive effects of alcohol is clinically relevant. The present study used a 2-lever, operant drug discrimination procedure to train male, Long-Evans rats to discriminate the interoceptive effects of alcohol (2 g/kg, i.g.) from water. Upon stable performance, rats underwent a 15-min exposure to TMT. Two weeks later, an alcohol dose-response curve was conducted to evaluate the lasting effects of the TMT stressor on the interoceptive effects of alcohol. The TMT group showed a leftward shift in ED50 of the dose response curve compared to controls, reflecting potentiated interoceptive sensitivity to alcohol. TMT exposure did not affect response rate. GABAergic signaling in both the anterior insular cortex (aIC) and the nucleus accumbens (Acb) is involved in the interoceptive effects of alcohol and stressor-induced adaptations. As such, follow-up experiments in alcohol-naïve rats examined neuronal activation (as measured by c-Fos immunoreactivity) following TMT and showed that TMT exposure increased c-Fos expression in the aIC and the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC). 2 weeks after TMT exposure, Gad-1 gene expression was elevated in the aIC and Gat-1 was increased in the Acb compared to controls. Lastly, the alcohol discrimination and alcohol-naïve groups displayed dramatic differences in stress reactive behaviors during the TMT exposure, suggesting that alcohol exposure may alter the behavioral response to predator odor. Together, these data suggest that predator odor stressor results in potentiated sensitivity to alcohol possibly through GABAergic adaptations in the aIC and Acb, which may be relevant to understanding PTSD-AUD comorbidity.
Study of spatio-temporal variations of soil salinity in the south-eastern coastal part of Bangladesh

Soil salinity (SS) is one of many constraints to sustainable crop production in coastal areas of Bangladesh. With increasing the areas of saline soils in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh, it is of utmost importance to observe the variations in SS at a spatio-temporal scale. Therefore, this study attempted to assess the degree and extent of SS as well as the concentrations of ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) extractable and water (H2O) soluble cations along with anions using laboratory and GIS techniques. In connection with this, the middle part of Roypur Union of Anowara Upazila was divided into three different zones considering cropping intensity and location of sampling sites. The representative soil samples were collected from each zone in the pre-monsoon (April) and postmonsoon (December) periods of the year 2018. The results indicate distinct analytical and mapping differences in SS of the studied area in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The correlation of EC with all of the cations and anions was found positive in both seasons. Furthermore, the mean values of EC along with NH4OAc extractable and H2O soluble cations as well as anions of all the sampling sites varied signifi cantly (p<0.01). The fi ndings of this study successfully indicate the variations in degree and extent of the SS which would help in coping with the suitable crops to grow. Keywords
Effect of vaginal washing before Misoprostol insertion on cervical ripening before induction of labor: A randomized single‐blind clinical trial

Vaginal pH is acidic in pregnancy, but there is no information about pH changes in pregnancy, and contradictory results have been reported from the effectiveness of Misoprostol at different vaginal pH. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vaginal washing before Misoprostol insertion on cervical ripening before induction of labor in comparison with the control group.
Reduction in Pathogenicity in Yeast-like Fungi by Farnesol in Quail Model

Simple Summary Despite the discoveries of new therapeutic antimycotics, the development of drug resistance is still the main clinical challenge in the treatment of mycoses. Data on the presence of new phytopreparations, along with the direct fungicidal effects that interfere with the resistance of fungal pathogens located in the biofilm, are of great interest. The use of these compounds as monotherapies or in combination with known antimycotics may be an effective strategy for preventing and/or destroying Candida biofilms found on the surface of biomedical devices and in vivo. The action mechanisms of farnesol in fungi have yet to be fully understood, but they are complex and likely include several mechanisms such as growth inhibition and apoptosis promotion. Abstract Candida albicans was the first eukaryotic microorganism to exhibit quorum-sensing through the secretion of the sesquiterpene E, farnesol. This molecule is generated by dephosphorylation of farnesyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway in mammalian and yeast cells. Exogenous farnesol inhibits yeast-to-hyphal formation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner at the earliest stage of hyphal development. Much research has been devoted to studying the role of farnesol as an inhibitor of hyphal morphogenesis; however, little research has been published regarding the in vivo impacts of farnesol on fungal virulence and the development of Candida infection. While other studies have examined the impact of multiple doses of farnesol in addition to antimycotics, we hypothesize that C. albicans treated with a single dose of this quorum-sensing molecule could reduce fungal virulence in a quail model.
Understanding consumer purchase intention to purchase sustainable fashion: the moderating role of gender perception

The growing trend of sustainable fashion products has put the company to deal with the challenge of gender perception in quality, design, and price since fashion is consumers’ self-presentation of personality and taste. This study aims to examine the influence of sustainable fashion products to consumer purchase intention with gender perception as the moderating role. Results of moderated regression analysis (MRA) on 267 samples suggests that sustainable fashion product has a positive influence toward consumer purchase intention and the gender perception significantly moderates the Indonesian consumer purchase intention. Additionally, this study gained information that respondents were well aware with the effort of sustainability in fashion, and it believed can protect the environment.
DNA Methylation Level of Transcription Factor Binding Site in the Promoter Region of Acyl-CoA Synthetase Family Member 3 (ACSF3) in Saudi Autistic Children

Background DNA methylation (DNAm) is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms that affects gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence. Aberrant DNAm has an implication in different human diseases such as cancer, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects behavior, learning, and communication skills. Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 (ACSF3) encodes malonyl-CoA synthetase that is involved in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. The dysregulation in such gene has been reported in combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria associated with neurological symptoms such as memory problems, psychiatric diseases, and/or cognitive decline. This research aims to study DNAm in the transcription factor (TF) binding site of ACSF3 in Saudi autistic children. To determine whether the DNAm of the TF-binding site is a cause or a consequence of transcription regulation of ACSF3. Methods RT-qPCR and DNA methylight qPCR were used to determine the expression and DNAm level in the promoter region of ACSF3, respectively. DNA and RNA were extracted from 19 cases of ASD children and 18 control samples from their healthy siblings. Results The results showed a significant correlation between the gene expression of ACSF3 and specificity protein 1 (SP1) in 17 samples of ASD patients, where both genes were upregulated in 9 samples and downregulated in 8 samples. Conclusion Although this study found no DNAm in the binding site of SP1 within the ACSF3 promoter, the indicated correlation highlights a possible role of ACSF3 and SP1 in ASD patients.
The Role of Company Age in Moderating Stock Return of Food and Beverage Companies

The purpose of this research is to determine the factors that influence the return of shares in food and beverage firms listed on the IDX from 2016 to 2019. Purposive sampling is utilized by as many as 12 companies in the sample selection procedure. Multiple regression analysis and moderation regression analysis were used to analyze the data, with the spss application version 16 for Windows being used. This study revealed that Return on Assets (ROA) had a positive and significant effect on stock returns. In contrast, Net Profit Margin (NPM) and Current Ratio (CR) did not affect stock returns. The age of the company does not affect the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Current Ratio (CR) on stock returns.
Pharmacovigilance of antiretroviral dolutegravir in the state of Paraná

The aim of this study was to investigate adverse reactions to Dolutegravir, a drug recently made available by the Unified Health System (SUS) for treating HIV infections. The frequency, severity and sex distribution of adverse reactions to Dolutegravir were identified over the first 18 months of its availability in users in the state of Paraná. Information was obtained through the pharmacovigilance questionnaire prepared by the Ministry of Health, accessed through the Logistics Control System for Medicines (SICLOM). During the study period, dolutegravir was dispensed to 9,865 patients in the state. However, 9,207 users (93.3%) answered the pharmacovigilance questionnaire. Among them, 1.75% reported 279 adverse reactions. This population was composed mainly of male people (69.57%), in the ratio of 2.29 men for each woman, white (67.08%), aged between 20 and 29 years (26.71%), single (45.34%) and with education between 8 and 11 years of study (41.61%). Gastrointestinal (36.92%) and nervous system (14.34%) disorders were the most prevalent. 77.78% adverse reactions were considered non-serious by users. It can be concluded that dolutegravir had a low prevalence of adverse reactions in users in the state of Paraná, demonstrating to be safe for use by the population in therapy against HIV, in accordance with clinical trials
Daylighting performance improvement of a light-shelf using diffused reflection

A light-shelf is a highly efficient daylighting system about which a great deal of research has been performed. However, improvements to the daylighting performance of light-shelves have been limited, because light-shelves could introduce external natural light into the interior space through specular reflection, rather than into a specific region of the interior environment. In this study, to improve the performance of a light-shelf, a light-shelf using the principle of diffused reflection was proposed, and its validity was verified through performance verification. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The optimal angles of a flat type light-shelf and a light-shelf using diffused reflection could vary depending on measurements taken in different seasons. (2) With the installation of the light-shelf using diffused reflection in the summer, the uniformity ratio of illuminance could be improved by 29.9%–34.3% with the external type and by 10.4%–13.7% with the internal type compared to the existing flat type light-shelf. (3) For the light-shelf using diffused reflection, the lighting energy could be reduced by 7.98%–13.3% in the case of the external type and by 1.8%–4.4% in the case of the internal type compared to the existing flat type light-shelf.