Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the In Ovo and Dietary Supplementation of L-Ascorbic Acid on the Growth Performance, Inflammatory Response, and Eye L-Ascorbic Acid Concentrations in Ross 708 Broiler Chickens

Simple Summary L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), known as vitamin C, is involved in several metabolic process, including bone formation, antioxidant activity, and inflammatory response. It is well documented that the antioxidant capacity and immunity of broilers are enhanced in response to the dietary or in ovo administration of L-AA. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects the in ovo or dietary administration of L-AA on the post hatch performance, plasma nitric oxide, and eye L-AA concentrations of Ross 708 broilers. At 17 days of incubation, the following treatments were administered: non-injected or sham-injected (100 μL of saline) controls, or the injection of either 12 or 25 mg of L-AA suspended in 100 μL of saline. In addition, chicks were fed a commercial diet with or without 200 mg/kg of supplemental L-AA. The results of the current study revealed that the eye concentrations of L-AA were higher in males in comparison to females. Additionally, 12 mg of L-AA decreased plasma nitric oxide levels in 14-day-old male broilers in comparison to all the other in ovo injection treatment groups. Compared to a commercial diet, dietary L-AA lowered feed conversion ratio during the second week of post hatch growth. In conclusion, the in ovo administration of L-AA was more effective in reducing inflammatory response, whereas the dietary source had a greater impact on the live performance of broilers. Further research is needed to determine the aforementioned effects throughout the entire growing phase. Abstract Effects of the dietary and in ovo administration of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) on the performance, plasma nitric oxide, and eye L-AA concentrations of Ross 708 broilers were investigated. At 17 days of incubation, live embryonated hatching eggs were randomly assigned to a non-injected or sham-injected (100 μL of saline) control group, or a group injected with either 12 or 25 mg of L-AA suspended in 100 μL of saline. Chicks received a commercial diet with or without 200 mg/kg of supplemental L-AA and were randomly assigned to each of 6 replicate floor pens in each in ovo injection-dietary treatment combination. Weekly live performance variables through 14 days of post hatch age (doa) and the eye weights in both sexes at 0, 7, and 14 doa were determined. At 0 and 14 doa, plasma nitric oxide levels and eye L-AA concentrations of one bird of each sex in each pen were determined. Dietary supplemental L-AA decreased feed intake and growth between 0 and 7 doa, but from 8 to 14 doa; all birds fed supplemental L-AA had a lower feed conversion ratio. At 14 doa, male chicks had higher eye L-AA concentrations and lower plasma nitric oxide levels when treated in ovo with 12 mg of L-AA. In conclusion, dietary L-AA may be used to improve feed conversion in the second week of broiler post hatch growth. However, the in ovo administration of 12 mg of L-AA can increase male eye L-AA concentrations and is effective in reducing their general inflammatory response.
Relaxation to thermal equilibrium in the self-gravitating sheet model

We revisit the issue of relaxation to thermal equilibrium in the so-called ‘sheet model’, i.e. particles in one dimension interacting by attractive forces independent of their separation. We show that this relaxation may be very clearly detected and characterized by following the evolution of order parameters defined by appropriately normalized moments of the phase space distribution which probe its entanglement in space and velocity coordinates. For a class of quasi-stationary states which result from the violent relaxation of rectangular waterbag initial conditions, characterized by their virial ratio R0, we show that relaxation occurs on a timescale which (i) scales approximately linearly in the particle number N and (ii) also shows a strong dependence on R0, with quasi-stationary states from colder initial conditions relaxing much more rapidly. The temporal evolution of the order parameter may be well described by a stretched exponential function. We study finally the correlation of the relaxation times with the amplitude of fluctuations in the relaxing quasi-stationary states, as well as the relation between temporal and ensemble averages.
Determining job satisfaction and job stress levels of nurses during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: A cross-sectional survey

This study aims to determine the job satisfaction and job stress experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive study was conducted with 129 nurses working in a pandemic hospital in a province in eastern Turkey. This study was carried out between June 2021 and January 2022, after obtaining ethical committee approval. "Nurse Information Form", "Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)", and "Perceived Job Stress Scale (PJSS)" was used to collect the data. The data were collected by the researchers using the online data collection method. Besides descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency), Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis-H Test, and Spearman’s Correlation Analysis were used in the data assessment, and significance was evaluated at the level of p <0.05. It was found that the mean scores of the nurses were 3.07±0.82 for overall MSQ, 2.17±0.35 for the subscale of Intrinsic Satisfaction and 2.10±0.46 for the subscale of Extrinsic Satisfaction. They obtained a total mean score of 3.27±0.82 from the Perceived Job Stress Scale. A significant negative correlation was found between job satisfaction and job stress experienced by the nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that during the pandemic, the nurses had a high level of job stress and a moderate level of job satisfaction. As their job stress increased, their job satisfaction decreased. In line with these results, attention should be paid to the mental status of nurses, and job stress management training should be given to obtain job satisfaction and reduce job stress.
Protostellar outflows with smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics

The protostellar collapse of a molecular cloud core is usually accompanied by outflow phenomena. The latter are thought to be driven by magnetorotational processes from the central parts of the protostellar disc. While several 3D adaptive mesh refinement/nested grid studies of outflow phenomena in collapsing magnetically supercritical dense cores have been reported in the literature, so far no such simulation has been performed using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. This is mainly due to intrinsic numerical difficulties in handling magnetohydrodynamics within SPH, which only recently were partly resolved. In this work, we use an approach where we evolve the magnetic field via the induction equation, augmented with stability correction and divergence cleaning schemes. We consider the collapse of a rotating core of one solar mass, threaded by a weak magnetic field initially parallel to the rotation axis so that the core is magnetically supercritical. We show that smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics is able to handle the magnetorotational processes connected with outflow phenomena, and to produce meaningful results which are in good agreement with findings reported in the literature. Especially, our numerical scheme allows for a quantitative analysis of the evolution of the ratio of the toroidal to the poloidal magnetic field, which we performed in this work.
Matter perturbations in scaling cosmology

A suitable nonlinear interaction between dark matter with an energy density $\rho_{M}$ and dark energy with an energy density $\rho_{X}$ is known to give rise to a non-canonical scaling $\rho_{M} \propto \rho_{X}a^{-\xi}$ where $\xi$ is a parameter which generally deviates from $\xi =3$. Here we present a covariant generalization of this class of models and investigate the corresponding perturbation dynamics. The resulting matter power spectrum for the special case of a time-varying Lambda model is compared with data from the SDSS DR9 catalogue. We find a best-fit value of $\xi = 3.25$ which corresponds to a decay of dark matter into the cosmological term. Our results are compatible with the $\Lambda$CDM model at the 2$\sigma$ confidence level.
Cramer's estimate for the exponential functional of a Levy process

We consider the exponential functional $A_{\infty}=\int_0^{\infty} e^{\xi_s} ds$ associated to a Levy process $(\xi_t)_{t \geq 0}$. We find the asymptotic behavior of the tail of this random variable, under some assumptions on the process $\xi$, the main one being Cramer's condition, that asserts the existence of a real $\chi >0$ such that ${\Bbb E}(e^{\chi \xi_1})=1$. Then there exists $C>0$ satisfying, when $t \to +\infty$ : $$ {\Bbb P} (A_{\infty}> t) \sim C t^{-\chi} \quad . $$ This result can be applied for example to the process $\xi_t = at - S_{\alpha}(t)$ where $S_{\alpha}$ stands for the stable subordinator of index $\alpha$ ($0 < \alpha < 1$), and $a$ is a positive real (we have then $\chi=a^{1/(\alpha -1)}$).
UvA-DARE Dust, Ice, and Gas In Time (DIGIT) Herschel program first results: A full PACS-SED scan of the gas line emission in protostar DK Chamaeleontis

Aims. We aim to study the composition and energetics of the circumstellar material of DK Cha, an intermediate-mass star in transition from an embedded conﬁguration to a star plus disk stage, during this pivotal stage of its evolution. Methods. Using the range scan mode of PACS on the Herschel Space Observatory, we obtained a spectrum of DK Cha from 55 to 210 μ m as part of the DIGIT key program. Results. Almost 50 molecular and atomic lines were detected, many more than the 7 lines detected in ISO-LWS. Nearly the entire ladder of CO from J = 14–13 to 38–37 ( E u / k = 4080 K), water from levels as excited as J K − 1 K + 1 = 7 07 ( E u / k = 843 K), and OH lines up to E u / k = 290 K were detected. Conclusions. The continuum emission in our PACS SED scan matches the ﬂux expected by a model consisting of a star, a surrounding disk of 0.03 M (cid:3) , and an envelope of a similar mass, supporting the suggestion that the object is emerging from its main accretion stage. Molecular, atomic, and ionic emission lines in the far-infrared reveal the outﬂow’s inﬂuence on the envelope. The inferred hot gas may be photon-heated, but some emission may be caused by C-shocks in the walls of the outﬂow cavity.
THE BLACK HOLE–BULGE MASS RELATION OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE EXTENDED CHANDRA DEEP FIELD-SOUTH SURVEY

We present results from a study to determine whether relations—established in the local universe—between the mass of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies are in place at higher redshifts. We identify a well-constructed sample of 18 X-ray-selected, broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South Survey with 0.5 < z < 1.2. This redshift range is chosen to ensure that Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging is available with at least two filters that bracket the 4000 Å break, thus providing reliable stellar mass estimates of the host galaxy by accounting for both young and old stellar populations. We compute single-epoch, virial black hole (BH) masses from optical spectra using the broad Mg ii emission line. For essentially all galaxies in our sample, their total stellar mass content agrees remarkably well, given their BH masses, with local relations of inactive galaxies and active SMBHs. We further decompose the total stellar mass into bulge and disk components separately with full knowledge of the HST point-spread function. We find that ∼80% of the sample is consistent with the local MBH–M*, Bulge relation even with 72% of the host galaxies showing the presence of a disk. In particular, bulge-dominated hosts are more aligned with the local relation than those with prominent disks. We further discuss the possible physical mechanisms that are capable of building up the stellar mass of the bulge from an extended disk of stars over the subsequent 8 Gyr.
Dry Fish Diversity and the Socio-Economic Condition of Dry Fish Retailers in the Markets of Kokrajhar, Assam, India

Dry fish is one of the most popular food items consumed worldwide. Dry fish preservation is reported as an alternative dimension to reduce both the quantity and quality loss of by-catch and results in better value addition. Preserved fishes are traditionally practiced in most tribal communities worldwide. In Assam, various fish preservation methods are adopted by different tribes. The present investigation aims to study the different dry fish available, and the socio-economic condition of the retailers in local markets of Kokrajhar, Assam, India. The study was conducted through semi-structured questionnaires and personal interviews in five different local markets of Kokrajhar Town in Assam. The study recorded 22 different fish species belonging to 15 families being used for making dry fish products. Four species were recorded from family Cyprinidae, two each from Clupeidae, Bagridae, Scombridae, Channidae and one species each from families Latidae, Engraulidae, Danionidae, Harpodontidae, Cobitidae, Ambassidae, Mastacembelidae, Osphronemidae, Siluridae and Botidae. The market values of dry fishes ranged from Rs. 200/kg to Rs. 950/kg depending upon species and quality. Dry fish made from the species Raiamas bola was found to be the highest priced. It was observed that the prices were comparatively higher in village markets than in town markets. Sun drying and smoking were found to be the most common method for the preparation of traditional dry fish in the region. The age of retailers was in the range of 30 to 60 years, and 69.24% of all the respondents were educated up to primary or higher level of education. The income of the dry fish retailers varied with the season ranging from Rs. 3000 to Rs. 10000 per month. This study has highlighted the diversity of dry fish in Kokrajhar, and the socio-financial status of the dry fish retailers. This information may be useful for sustainable development of fishery in the region
Investigations of non-hydrostatic, stably stratified and rapidly rotating flows

We present an investigation of rapidly rotating (small Rossby number $Ro\ll 1$ ) stratified turbulence where the stratification strength is varied from weak (large Froude number $Fr\gg 1$ ) to strong ( $Fr\ll 1$ ). The investigation is set in the context of a reduced model derived from the Boussinesq equations that retains anisotropic inertia-gravity waves with order-one frequencies and highlights a regime of wave–eddy interactions. Numerical simulations of the reduced model are performed where energy is injected by a stochastic forcing of vertical velocity, which forces wave modes only. The simulations reveal two regimes: characterized by the presence of well-formed, persistent and thin turbulent layers of locally weakened stratification at small Froude numbers, and by the absence of layers at large Froude numbers. Both regimes are characterized by a large-scale barotropic dipole enclosed by small-scale turbulence. When the Reynolds number is not too large, a direct cascade of barotropic kinetic energy is observed, leading to total energy equilibration. We examine net energy exchanges that occur through vortex stretching and vertical buoyancy flux and diagnose the horizontal scales active in these exchanges. We find that the baroclinic motions inject energy directly to the largest scales of the barotropic mode, implying that the large-scale barotropic dipole is not the end result of an inverse cascade within the barotropic mode.
Non-Leptonic Heavy Meson Decays - Theory Status

I briefly review the status and recent progress in the theoretical understanding of non-leptonic decays of beauty and charm hadrons. Focusing on a personal selection of topics, this covers perturbative calculations in quantum chromodynamics, analyses using flavour symmetries of strong interactions, and the modelling of the relevant hadronic input functions.
SPECTROPOLARIMETRY OF C-CLASS FLARE FOOTPOINTS

We investigate the decay phase of a C-class flare in full-Stokes imaging spectropolarimetry with quasi-simultaneous measurements in the photosphere (6302.5 Å line) and in the chromosphere (8542 Å line) with the IBIS instrument. We analyze data from two fields of view, each spanning about 40″ × 80″ and targeting the two footpoints of the flare. A region of interest is identified from V/I images: a patch of opposite polarity in the smaller sunspot's penumbra. We find unusual flows in this patch at photospheric levels: a Doppler shift of −4 km s−1, but also a possible radial inflow into the sunspot of 4 km s−1. Such patches seem to be common during flares, but only high-resolution observations allowed us to see the inflow, which may be related to future flares observed in this region. Chromospheric images show variable overlying emission and flows and unusual Stokes profiles. We also investigate the irregular penumbra, whose formation may be blocked by the opposite polarity patch and flux emergence. The 40 minute temporal evolution depicts the larger of the flare ribbons becoming fainter and changing its shape. Measurable photospheric magnetic fields remain constant and we do not detect flare energy transport down from the chromosphere. We find no clear indications of impact polarization in the 8542 Å line. We cannot exclude the possibility of impact polarization, because weaker signals may be buried in the prominent Zeeman signatures or it may have been present earlier during the flare.
Efficacy and safety of first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combinations for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a Bayesian network meta-analysis

Objectives: Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicated that first-line programmed cell death protein-1/death-ligand 1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy (PD-1/PD-L1 + chemo) led to survival benefits in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) compared with platinum-based chemotherapy. This study aims to identify the optimal PD-1/PD-L1 + chemo combination strategy. Methods: We included RCTs comparing PD-1/ PD-L1 + chemo versus chemo alone in ES-SCLC. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and grade ⩾3 treatment-related adverse events were considered. Odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. Results: Six RCTs with 2600 patients were analyzed in this Bayesian network meta-analysis. Results showed that adding PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to chemotherapy led to significant benefits in OS (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.66–0.79), PFS (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.63–0.75), and ORR (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12–1.56), and no differences in toxicity were found (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92–1.30). Serplulimab plus chemotherapy was found to provide the best OS (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49–0.82), the best PFS (HR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.38–0.59), and the best ORR (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.15–2.53). Moreover, although there were no difference between PD-L1 + chemo and PD-1 + chemo regarding OS (HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.91–1.08) and ORR (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.91–1.78), PD-1 + chemo showed a significant benefit in PFS (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.98) compared with PD-L1 + chemo. Conclusions: Serplulimab plus chemotherapy seems to be superior first-line immunotherapy combination for patients with ES-SCLC. PD-1 + chemo seems to outperform PD-L1 + chemo in PFS.
Link Travel Time Estimation for Arterial Networks Based on Sparse GPS Data and Considering Progressive Correlations

Understanding complicated city traffic patterns has been recognized as a critical goal by twenty-first-century urban planners and traffic management systems, resulting in a significant rise in the quantity and variety of traffic data gathered. For example, in a growing number of large cities, taxi firms have begun collecting metadata for each vehicle trip, such as origin, destination, and travel duration. Taxi data offer information on traffic patterns, allowing the study of urban flow—what will traffic look like between two sites on a particular day and time in the future? This paper proposes a method based on sparse GPS probe data, that focuses on allocating travel time data to the different links traveled between GPS observations. This model incorporates the progressive spatial correlations between the links in a network. The main goal of this work is to show how we can consider progressive spatial correlations and improve our results more realistically with a simple adjustment in the previously known parametric methods. For estimating arterial travel time, the methodology is applied to a case study for the partial network of New York City-based on the data collected from the taxicabs in New York City, providing the locations of origins, destinations, and travel times. The model estimates quarter-hourly averages of urban link travel times using OD trip data. This study proposes a more accurate approach for estimating link travel times, that fully utilizes the partial information received from taxi data in cities.
NMDA Receptor C-Terminal Domain Signalling in Development, Maturity, and Disease

The NMDA receptor is a Ca2+-permeant glutamate receptor which plays key roles in health and disease. Canonical NMDARs contain two GluN2 subunits, of which 2A and 2B are predominant in the forebrain. Moreover, the relative contribution of 2A vs. 2B is controlled both developmentally and in an activity-dependent manner. The GluN2 subtype influences the biophysical properties of the receptor through difference in their N-terminal extracellular domain and transmembrane regions, but they also have large cytoplasmic Carboxyl (C)-terminal domains (CTDs) which have diverged substantially during evolution. While the CTD identity does not influence NMDAR subunit specific channel properties, it determines the nature of CTD-associated signalling molecules and has been implicated in mediating the control of subunit composition (2A vs. 2B) at the synapse. Historically, much of the research into the differential function of GluN2 CTDs has been conducted in vitro by over-expressing mutant subunits, but more recently, the generation of knock-in (KI) mouse models have allowed CTD function to be probed in vivo and in ex vivo systems without heterologous expression of GluN2 mutants. In some instances, findings involving KI mice have been in disagreement with models that were proposed based on earlier approaches. This review will examine the current research with the aim of addressing these controversies and how methodology may contribute to differences between studies. We will also discuss the outstanding questions regarding the role of GluN2 CTD sequences in regulating NMDAR subunit composition, as well as their relevance to neurodegenerative disease and neurodevelopmental disorders.