Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cognition of Geographic Space

From driving the car to work to doing the shopping, our daily lives consist of a myriad of spatial behaviours - movements across and within spatial environments. Each day we make hundreds of complex spatial choices and spatial decisions. In the vast majority of cases we rely not on external references such as maps to make these choices but upon a previously acquired spatial understanding of the world in which we live - we rely upon our mind's spatial representation of the environment, our so-called 'cognitive map'. How we perceive our spatial environment, how our mind stores such information, and how we use it to make a wide variety of complex spatial decisions, are some of the concerns of cognitive mapping. These questions are fundamental for a wide range of disciplines and cognitive mapping has applications in environmental planning, cartography, transportation, migration, route learning and wayfinding, business location and consumer behaviour. In this first comprehensive overview for more than twenty years, Rob Kitchin and Mark Blades synthesize ideas and empirical findings from geography, planning, cartography, anthropology, computer science, psychology and cognitive science to provide a critical assessment of how we think about and behave in geographic space. They detail the current 'state of play' of cognitive mapping research, with detailed analysis of how spatial knowledge is created, stored, used and measured. Using these results and their own empirical research they put forward a new conceptual model of cognitive mapping which integrates research focused on specific aspects of cognitive mapping, and unites the theoretical traditions of behavioural geography and environmental psychology. In the final chapter they outline a research agenda to guide future studies. This new book from two leading researchers will be welcomed by those looking both for new ideas and the broader picture in this wide-ranging field of study.
VISION-BASED, MULTI-EPOCH DEFORMATION MONITORING OF THE ATRIUM OF FEDERATION SQUARE

A method for the production of a semiconductor integrated circuit device is disclosed, wherein the formation of lateral wall spacers for high voltage MOS transistor is implemented by forming a resist film for covering at least an insulating film formed on a drain region of low impurity concentration in the proximity of a gate electrode, masking the resist film, and etching the parts of the insulating film destined to give rise to the lateral wall spacers.
The Effects of Market Reform on Maize Marketing Margins in South Africa: An Empirical Study

This paper determines the effect of market reform and price decontrol on the size of maize milling/retail margins in South Africa. Regression models of monthly milling/retail margins are run over the period May 1976 to September 2003. To assess the robustness of our findings, we estimate several different model specifications for representing structural change, vary the sample period to examine the sensitivity of findings to unusual weather and market conditions in the region during the 2001-2003 period, and use different estimation techniques, OLS with Newey-West robust estimators and Feasible General Least Squares. In virtually all models, the results indicate that real maize milling/retailing margins in South Africa have increased since the market deregulation in 1997. Controlling for disturbances in weather, wages, exchange rate levels and volatility, inflation-adjusted margins accruing to millers and retailers have risen 29 to 42 percent between 1997 and 2003. Unlike experiences elsewhere in the region, maize market reform in South Africa has not benefited consumers.
''Blended leadership'': employee perspectives on effective leadership in the U.K. FE sector

This paper draws on research into what constitutes ‘effective leadership’ from the perspective of FE employees. It highlights FE staff’s preference for what we term ‘blended leadership’, an approach that combines specific elements of both traditional hierarchical leadership with more contemporary aspects of distributed leadership. FE staff prefer leadership practices that provide structure, clarity and organization as well as team-working, communication and a shared sense of mission, responsibility and accomplishment. Within the literature on both education and on leadership, distributed and hierarchical models are typically seen as opposing polarities. Frequently, distributed leadership is highly valued whilst traditional approaches are criticised as outmoded. By contrast, this working paper suggests that FE employees continue to value important elements of a directive leadership approach combined and integrated with aspects of a distributed style. Our research finds that in the FE sector, such ‘blended leadership’ practices are routinely accomplished in the context of multiple, conflicting, shifting and contradictory demands on FE colleges.
Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling under Conservation and Conventional Tillage in Peanut and Collard Agroecosystems

Traditional organic vegetable production relies on tillage for weed control, but organic producers may adopt no-till if sufficient weed suppression can be achieved. A combination of high biomass cover crops with organic mulches may provide vegetable producers with multiple benefits, but information on nutrient release from these residues is lacking. The objective of this study was to assess nutrient release rates and mass loss from mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.), lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don), oat (Avena sativa) straw, and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) under conventional and conservation tillage. The experiment was conducted in S. Tallassee, AL on a Wickham fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults) using litterbag methodology and consisted of a split plot design (main plot 2 tillage systems; subplots 4 residue types) with four replicates. Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) release and mass loss rates were determined. Buried residues decomposed faster than surface residues, particularly in the labile portion. More N was potentially available to spring crops from surface residues, which acted as a slow release fertilizer, compared to incorporated residues. At spring planting time, mimosa residue contained 78 kg N ha -1 when buried the previous fall, compared to 123 kg N ha -1 when left on the soil surface. Buried soybean residue contained 39 kg N ha -1 at spring
Peripheral‐type benzodiazepine receptor levels correlate with the ability of human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cell line to grow in scid mice

MDA‐MB‐231 (MDA‐231) human breast cancer cells have a high proliferation rate, lack the estrogen receptor, express the intermediate filament vimentin, the hyaluronan receptor CD44, and are able to form tumors in nude mice. The MDA‐231 cell line has been used in our laboratory to examine the role of the peripheral‐type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) in the progression of cancer. During these studies 2 populations of MDA‐231 cells were subcloned based on the levels of PBR. The subclones proliferated at approximately the same rate, lacked the estrogen receptor, expressed vimentin and CD44, and had the same in vitro chemoinvasive and chemotactic potential. Both restriction fragment length polymorphism and comparative genomic hybridization analyses of genomic DNA from these cells indicated that both subclones are of the same genetic lineage. Only the subclone with high PBR levels, however, was able to form tumors when injected in SCID mice. These data suggest that the ability of MDA‐231 cells to form tumors in vivo may depend on the amount of PBR present in the cells. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analytical solutions of biharmonic equation by the Fourier-Yang integral transform

The biharmonic equation are frequently encountered in CFD. In this investigation, the biharmonic equation in the semi-infinite domains is addressed using a new Fourier-like integral transform proposed in [1]. The properties of the new Fourier-like integral transform are expanded in this article. Meanwhile, the analytical solutions for the biharmonic equation in the semi-infinite domains are found. This demonstrates the new Fourier-like integral transform is an efficient and accurate method to clarify mathematical physics problems described by PDE.
Performance of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) underplantings under five management regimes and across existing environmental gradients

Performance of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) underplantings under five management regimes and across existing environmental gradients Adam E. Regula Oaks (Quercus sp.) are dominant throughout much of the eastern broadleaf forests of the United States and are of great ecological, economical, and cultural value. Despite their prevalence in the overstory, many sites are lacking in the advanced reproduction necessary for its regeneration in future stands. This dilemma has merited much research, but widely applicable and consistently successful methods for regenerating oak remain elusive. This study examines the response of northern red oak (Q. rubra) underplantings to forest management regimes across the environmental gradients of physiographic province, aspect, and fencing levels. Management regimes included 1) control sites, 2) a single prescribed burn, 3) repeat prescribed burns 5) diameter-limit cuts and 4) the seedcut of a shelterwood harvest. Physiographic provinces included the Ridge and Valley and Appalachian Plateau. The direct relationships between seedling performance and light as well as light and stand structure are also addressed. Seedling growth and survival are found to be driven by a combination of factors. The interaction of physiographic province and management regime exerted a significant influence on seedling survival. While high survival rates were present on sites receiving diameter-limit cuts and shelterwood cuts regardless of province, underplantings experienced a more dramatic drop in survival on single burn and control sited in the Appalachian Plateau than Ridge and Valley. Sapling density appears as stronger limiting factor of light levels on the more mesic Appalachian Plateau sites, and low survival on these sites reflected this. In contrast, the less dense sapling layer and generally higher light levels of the Ridge and Valley enabled underplanted seedlings to better persist here in the absence of overstory removal. The interaction of fencing and physiographic province was significant as well. Deer, were more problematic in this province, and the potential for herbivory to interfere with seedling response to increased resources was evident. Ultimately, the relatively brief duration of the study limits conclusions on the future of these underplantings, but results reinforce the importance of regional differences in forest composition and structure in determining the effectiveness of prescriptions. An awareness of this is particularly important when considering underplanting.
Bioremediation of PCB-contaminated marine sediments:From identification of indigenous dehalorespirers to enhancement of microbial reductive dechlorination

Marine sediments are the main accumulation reservoir of organic recalcitrant pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In the anoxic conditions typical of these sediments, anaerobic bacteria of the phylum Chloroflexi are able to attack these compounds in a process called microbial reductive dechlorination. Such activity and members of this phylum were detected in PCB-impacted sediments of the Venice Lagoon. The aim of this work was to investigate microbial reductive dechlorination and design bioremediation approaches for marine sediments of the area. Three out of six sediment cultures from different sampling areas exhibited dechlorination activities in the same conditions of the site and two phylotypes (VLD-1 and VLD-2) were detected and correlated to this metabolism. Biostimulation was tested on enriched dechlorinating sediment cultures from the same site using five different electron donors, of which lactate was the best biostimulating agent; complementation of microbial and chemical dechlorination catalyzed by biogenic zerovalent Pd nanoparticles was not effective due to sulfide poisoning of the catalyst. A new biosurfactant-producing strain of Shewanella frigidimarina was concomitantly obtained from hydrocarbon-degrading marine cultures and selected because of the low toxicity of its product. All these findings were then exploited to develop bioremediation lab-scale tests in shaken reactors and static microcosms on real sediments and water of the Venice lagoon, testing i) a bioaugmentation approach, with a selected enriched sediment culture from the same area, ii) a biostimulation approach with lactate as electron donor, iii) a bioavailability enhancement with the supplementation of the newly-discovered biosurfactant, and iv) all possible combinations of the afore-mentioned approaches. The best bioremediation approach resulted to be a combination of bioaugmentation and bioremediation and it could be a starting point to design bioremediation process for actual marine sediments of the Venice Lagoon area.
Effects of solar radiation on marine bacterial and phytoplankton heterotrophic activities

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Clara Ruiz Gonzalez para optar al grado de Doctora en Oceanografia por la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), realizada bajo la direccion del Dr. Josep Maria Gasol Pique y del Dr. Rafel Simo Martorell del Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC). -- 311 pages
Quantum channels and representation theory

In the study of d-dimensional quantum channels (d⩾2), an assumption which includes many interesting examples, and which has a natural physical interpretation, is that the corresponding Kraus operators form a representation of a Lie algebra. Physically, this is a symmetry algebra for the interaction Hamiltonian. This paper begins a systematic study of channels defined by representations; the famous Werner-Holevo channel is one element of this infinite class. We show that the channel derived from the defining representation of su(n) is a depolarizing channel for all n, but for most other representations this is not the case. Since the standard Bloch sphere only exists for the qubit representation of su(2), we develop a consistent generalization of Bloch’s technique. By representing the density matrix as a polynomial in Lie algebra generators, we determine a class of positive semidefinite matrices which represent quantum states for various channels defined by finite-dimensional representations of semisimple .
Nutritional status of pre-school children

In the surveyed south Indian states, it was found that cereal Intake per child was found to be 136 gm. , and pulse intake was found to be 10gm. The consumption of vegetables and fruits was found to be Low. Milk consumption was also very low. Fish consumption was found to be 35 gm. The intake of nutrients was also tower than the RDA
Water entry of rounded cylindrical bodies with different aspect ratios and surface conditions

In the present study, we experimentally investigate water surface deformation due to the impact of rounded cylindrical projectiles with different aspect ratios (1.0–8.0). The subsequent jet and splash formation is closely related to the dynamics of an underwater cavity. To control the cavity formation, two kinds of surface conditions (smooth and rough) are applied to the front parts of the projectiles, and two impact speeds are considered. The Froude, Reynolds and Weber numbers are in the ranges of 32–90, $5\times 10^{4}{-}8.4\times 10^{4}$ and 1700–5000, respectively. When the front is smooth, the water film rises up along the body surface immediately after impact, and the temporal variation of its height is analytically estimated. The film converges at the rear pole to create an apex jet at lower aspect ratios and simply rises up and falls with the body at higher aspect ratios. The jets could be further distinguished as thin and thick jets, whose breakdown is found to be a function of the viscous force and surface tension, i.e. the Ohnesorge number. On the other hand, when the front is rough, the water film cannot rise up along the body surface, and instead early separation occurs to make the splash above a free surface. The splash size is quantified to assess the effects of the aspect ratio and impact speed. Upon splash formation, a cavity is created under the free surface, which emanates from the nose of the projectile. As the body sinks, the cavity pinch-off occurs due to the imbalance between the hydrostatic pressure and air pressure inside the cavity. At higher aspect ratios, cavity pinch-off occurs on the side wall of the projectile and leaves a portion of the cavity bubble on it. When the surface is smooth, no underwater cavity forms. Finally, we compare the hydrodynamic force acting on the sinking bodies with and without cavity formation, based on the underwater trajectory of each projectile. It is found that the underwater cavity reduces the drag force on the sinking body when it fully encapsulates the body; however, if the air bubbles are partially attached to the body after pinch-off, they tend to detach irregularly or impose additional drag on the body.
Etude sismotectonique de la région d'Alger et de la Kabylie (Algérie) : utilisation des modèles numériques de terrains (MNT) et de la télédétection pour la reconnaissance des structures tectoniques actives : contribution à l'évaluation de l'aléa sismique

Le nord de l'algerie est affecte par une importante activite sismique localisee generalement sur les bordures des bassins d'age mio-plio-quaternaire. La ville alger a ete detruite a plusieurs reprises par de violents seismes (1365, 1674, 1716). La ville de blida, situee a 30 km au sw, a connu le meme sort en 1716 et en 1825. La localisation et les caracteristiques geometriques et cinematiques failles actives de la region d'alger et de la kabylie sont les objectifs de ce travail. L'utilisation combinee des modeles numeriques de terrain (mnt), de la teledetection (images satellites landsat tm et photos aeriennes) et des cartes geologiques de la region d'alger et de la kabylie nous permet de mettre en evidence des deformations quaternaires associees aux chevauchements des chainons de l'atlas tellien et du massif kabyle sur les bassins neogenes post-nappes a quaternaire. Cette analyse couplee a l'etude de la sismicite (historique et instrumentale) debouche sur les resultats suivants: 1) l'activite sismique de la region ouest d'alger est associee aux failles de menaceur-sidi yahia, hadjout-meurad, oued djer-lalla aicha, blida-bouinan, mahelma, attatba-berard et tipasa (bordure sud du bassin de la mitidja et sahel d'alger). 2) la kabylie, consideree jusqu'a present comme asismique montre, en fait, des deformations dans le quaternaire associees aux failles de draa el kremis-oued tamarir et de m'chidellah-akbou (vallee de l'oued sahel-soummam). L'analyse de ces deformations suggere que ces failles sont susceptibles de generer de tres forts seismes dont les intervalles de recurrence seraient bien superieurs a la periode historique. Ce travail debouche sur une evaluation des magnitudes maximales associees a ces failles actives et permet de localiser des sites potentiels pour de futures investigations paleosismologiques
Long-term trends in the ionospheric response to solar EUV variations

Abstract. The thermosphere-ionosphere system shows high complexity due to interaction with the continuously varying solar radiation flux. We investigate the ionospheric response to the temporal and spatial dynamics of the solar activity using 18 years (1999–2017) of total electron content (TEC) maps provided by the international GNSS service (IGS) and twelve solar proxies (F10.7, F1.8, F3.2, F8, F15, F30, He-II, MG-II index, Ly-α, Ca K, DSA and SSN). Cross-wavelet and Lomb Scargle periodogram (LSP) analysis are used to evaluate the different solar proxies in respect to their impact on the global mean TEC (GTEC), which is important for improved ionosphere modelling and forecasts. A 16–32 days period in all the solar proxies and GTEC has been identified. The maximum correlation at this time scale is observed between the He-II, Mg-II, and F30 with respect to GTEC, with an effective time delay of about one day. LSP analysis shows that the most dominant period is 27 days, which is based on mean solar rotation, followed by a 44-day periodicity. In addition, a semi-annual and an annual variation has been observed in GTEC, with the strongest correlation near the equator region where a time delay about 1–2 days exists. The wavelet variance estimation method is used to find the variance in the maximum of the solar cycles (SC) 23 (2000–2002) and 24 (2012–2014), for GTEC and F10.7 index, respectively. Wavelet variance estimation suggests that GTEC variance is highest for the seasonal timescale followed by the 16–32 days period, similar to the F10.7 index highest variance for the 16–32 days period. Variance during SC 23 is larger than during SC 24. The most suitable proxy to represent the solar activity at the time scales of 16–32 days and 32–64 days is He-II. The MG-II index, Ly-α, and F30 may be placed at the second as these indices show the strongest correlation with GTEC, but there are some differences between solar maximum and minimum. The F1.8 and DSA are of limited use to represent the solar impact on GTEC. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the TEC data shows that the first EOF components capture more than 86 % of the variance, and the first three EOF components explain 99 % of the total variance. EOF analysis suggests that the first component is associated with the solar flux.