Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Aggregation through Informal Elections on Slippery Slopes

A policymaker may have concerns about “slippery slope” when she evaluates a reform: for some unknown distribution of agents’ preferences, the reform paves the way to future undesirable outcomes. We propose a simple model to investigate whether informal elections, including protests, polls, and non-binding voting, can aggregate dispersed information about the desirability of reform when the policymaker has such concerns. We find that the policymaker uses a non-monotonic rule in response to an informal election: she reforms if the turnout in the informal election is neither too low nor too high. This non-monotonicity may be obstructive: we identify conditions under which effective information aggregation is impossible when the population approaches infinity.
Psychological Well-being in Students during Self-isolation Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in lock-down measures being imposed by the government of North Macedonia Conditions of self-isolation have direct effects on mental health We researched the possible protective factors of psychological well-being A total of 510 college students from the biggest university in the country (70% females, M-age = 21 12 years, SD = 1 58) responded to a structured online questionnaire, one month after the country's lock down Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on hypothesized protective factors of well-being Results showed that significant predictors of the psychological well-being in conditions of isolation are: perceived social support during self-isolation, self-engagement in physical exercises, perception of being adequately informed about the virus and the ways of protection, and the tendency to hold conspiracy explanations about the virus and pandemic Perception of medical and restriction of movement measures, together with self-engagement in reading /watching movies, were not significant predictors In the face of the expected further difficulties with the pandemic, policy creators and the scientific community should develop well-thought out strategies, tailored to different groups, in order to provide appropriate support to people to cope with pandemic, to adequately communicate the necessary medical and restriction measures and all important information about the virus and pandemic, especially in order to manage with the complex role of the conspiracy theories which could undermine confidence in the health system
Effect of sulfuric acid coating on heterogeneous ice nucleation by soot aerosol particles

[1] The low-temperature aerosol and cloud chamber AIDA (Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe was used to investigate the effect of sulfuric acid coating on the ice nucleation efficiency of soot aerosol particles from a spark discharge generator. The uncoated (sulfuric acid–coated) soot aerosol showed a nearly lognormal size distribution with number concentrations of 300–5000 cm−3 (2500–56,000 cm−3), count median diameters of 70–140 nm (90–200 nm), and geometric standard deviation of 1.3–1.4 (1.5–1.6). The volume fraction of the sulfuric acid coating to the total aerosol volume concentration ranged from 21 to 81%. Ice activation was investigated in dynamic expansion experiments simulating cloud cooling rates between about −0.6 and −3.5 K min−1. At temperatures between 186 and ∼235 K, uncoated soot particles acted as deposition nuclei at very low ice saturation ratios between 1.1 and 1.3. Above 235 K, ice nucleation only occurred after approaching liquid saturation. Coating with sulfuric acid significantly increased the ice nucleation thresholds of soot aerosol to saturation ratios increasing from ∼1.3 at 230 K to ∼1.5 at 185 K. This immersion mode of freezing nucleates ice well below the thresholds for homogeneous freezing of pure sulfuric acid solution droplets measured in previous AIDA experiments. A case study indicated that in contrast to the homogeneous freezing the nucleation rate of the immersion freezing mechanism depends only weakly on relative humidity and thereby the solute concentration. These results show that it is important to know the mixing state of soot and sulfuric acid aerosol particles in order to properly assess their role in cirrus formation.
LETTER Variation in fatty acid content among benthic invertebrates in a seasonally driven system

Algae produce essential nutrients, such as fatty acids (FAs) that are transported to animals living on the sea ﬂ oor and ﬁ sh that feed on them. With varying algal species, it is expected that the FA content of animals is changing, but this has not been tested with sea ﬂ oor animals. Contrary to this, we ﬁ nd low seasonal variation in FAs in sea ﬂ oor animals in a system with nutritious spring bloom and summer algae with low essential FAs. But we ﬁ nd differences in FAs between benthic animals that vary with trophic levels. This suggests that sea ﬂ oor animals have evolved mechanisms to adapt to low-quality food inputs and that species composition of sea ﬂ oor animals is important for determining food quality for ﬁ sh. Abstract At temperate latitudes where seasonal changing environmental conditions strongly affect the magnitude, duration and species composition of pelagic primary production, macrobenthic organisms living below the photic zone rely on the sedimentation of organic matter as their primary energy source. The succession from nutritious spring blooms to summer cyanobacteria is assumed to reduce food quality for benthic primary consumers and their fatty acid (FA) pro ﬁ les. In contrast, we ﬁ nd low seasonal variability in FA content of ﬁ ve benthic macroinvertebrates spanning two trophic levels in the Baltic Sea, a system with high seasonal variation in phytoplankton species composition. However, levels of the major FA groups vary greatly between benthic species.
Amyloid-β Impairs Dendritic Trafﬁcking of Golgi-Like Organelles in the Early Phase Preceding Neurite Atrophy: Rescue by Mirtazapine

Neurite atrophy with loss of neuronal polarity is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurological disorders. While there is substantial agreement that disruption of intracellular vesicle trafﬁcking is associated with axonal pathology in AD, comparatively less is known regarding its role in dendritic atrophy. This is a signiﬁcant gap of knowledge because, unlike axons, dendrites are endowed with the complete endomembrane system comprising endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER– Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), Golgi apparatus, post-Golgi vesicles
INFLATION TARGETING UNDER IMPERFECT CREDIBILITY: INFLATION TARGETING UNDER IMPERFECT CREDIBILITY: LESSONS FROM INDONESIAN EXPERIENCE LESSONS FROM INDONESIAN EXPERIENCE

This paper tries to assess the role of credibility in the implementation of inflation targeting framework in Indonesia. It illustrates how credibility may play an important role in the evolution of the Indonesian monetary policy. Understanding the degree of credibility would beneficial for Bank Indonesia (BI) to understand how to adjust policy instrument to achieve a long-term inflation target. Scaled from zero (purely not credible) to one (perfect credibility), our quantitative measurements found that credibility index for Indonesian monetary policy converge to around 0.5. Refer to projection and simulation results in this paper, the study shows expectation inflation of economic agents is strongly influenced by monetary policy credibility. The more credible the monetary policy, the faster inflation expectation would anchor to its target. In addition, high credibility also increase the efficiency of the monetary policy transmission since the disinflation cost represented by sacrifice ratio is lower. Under imperfect credibility the central bank prefer to attain its inflation target gradually, and if the credibility stock is doubled, then achieving its long-term inflation target required a lot shorter time (approximately 0.4 periods than the baseline).
Structural and Molecular Docking Analytical Studies of the Predicted Ligand Binding Sites of Cadherin-1 in Cancer Prognostics

Introduction: Several studies have explored the design of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic molecules for the treatment and identi ﬁ cation of pathogenic diseases as well as cancer. Human cadherin-1 protein has been identi ﬁ ed to be involved in adhesion-mediated signalling pathways in normal cells and its loss through genetic and epigenetic alterations can result in an enhanced invasion and metastasis of malignancy in tumours. Therefore, the identi ﬁ cation of cadherin during treatment of cancer can be used as prognostic biomarker to establish the responsiveness of patients to treatment regimen. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer several compensatory advantages in biomedical applications and have been used for treatment of diseases, dietary supplements and diagnosis of diseases. The aim of this research work was to use in silico approaches to analyse retrieved human cadherin-1 as prognostic targets in cancer treatments using modelled putative anticancer AMPs. Methods: The structures of the putative AMPs and cadherin-1 were modelled using I-TASSER server and the protein overall quality was validated using PROCHECK. Thereafter, the protein motifs were predicted and the molecular interaction between the putative anticancer AMPs and protein was carried out using PatchDock. Results: The results revealed that all the AMPs were good prognostic molecules for cancer with BOO1 having the highest binding af ﬁ nity of 15,874. Conclusion: This study revealed that all the generated AMPs have good prognostic value for monitoring the progress of cancer treatment using human cadherin-1 as receptor. This is the ﬁ rst report where AMPs were used in prognostics of cancer using human cadherin-1. Computational biomodelling; Chemoinformatics and Design;
Disease, Disparities, and Development: Evidence from Chagas Disease Control in Brazil *

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) primarily afﬂict the poorest people in developing economies and often lead to chronic health issues. Combating them could thus reduce inequality and burdens on healthcare systems in these countries. We show that such novel beneﬁts of disease control indeed arose from Brazil’s initial campaign to eliminate Chagas disease ( 1984 - 89 ), an NTD that occurs almost entirely among poor, non-white, and rural Latin Americans and can cause long-run heart problems. Exploiting the pre-treatment presence of its main vector, we ﬁnd that having a childhood free of exposure to this NTD raised non-white Brazilians’ incomes by more than twice as much as their white peers’ ( 7 . 7 vs 3 . 4 percent), and it decreased the interquartile range of incomes by 3 . 3 percent. We also estimate that, coinciding with the expected reduction in chronic Chagas disease symptoms, public spending on circulatory disease hospital care declined by 13 . 5 percent ( 0 . 014 percent of 2019 GDP), yielding by itself an internal rate of return of 24 . 9 percent. These results suggest that NTD control can reduce (racial) disparities in one of the world’s most unequal regions while improving the public and ﬁscal health of developing countries.
The Material basis of Cooperation how Scarcity Reduces Trusting Behaviour

Trusting behaviour is a cornerstone of cooperation and, hence, economic performance, not least in poorer communities where economic transactions often rely on informal agreements. But trusting behaviour is potentiallycostlysincethecounterpartmaydecidetodefect.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatewhetherfoodscarcityinﬂuencestheleveloftrustingbehaviourinruralTanzaniabyleveragingquasi-experimentalvariationinfood supplyinducedbytheharvest.Throughalab-in-the-ﬁeldexperiment,wedocumentthatfarmersdisplaylowerlevelsoftrustingbehaviourduringtheleanseasoncomparedtotheabundantseasonandshowthatthe differenceisexplainedbyvariationinfoodscarcity.
Visualization of Balbiani Body disassembly during human primordial follicle activation

Dormant human oocytes contain a perinuclear super-organelle, called the Balbiani Body, which is not present in mature oocytes. Here, we use confocal imaging to visualize two Balbiani Body markers—mitochondria and the DEAD-box helicase DDX4—in preantral follicles isolated from a 20-year-old female patient. In primordial follicles, mitochondria were concentrated in a ring near the oocyte nucleus, while DDX4 formed adjacent micron-scale spherical condensates. In primary and secondary follicles, the mitochondria were dispersed throughout the oocyte cytoplasm, and large DDX4 condensates were not visible. Our data suggest that the Balbiani Body breaks down during the primordial to primary follicle transition, thus releasing mitochondria and soluble DDX4 protein into the oocyte cytoplasm.
In vitro and in vivo Effects of Concentrated Growth Factor on Cells In vitro and in vivo Effects of Concentrated Growth Factor on Cells and Tissues and Tissues

This article reviews the biological outcome of the concentrated growth factor (CGF), a new platelet derivative used for tissue regeneration, in published articles related to the use of this product in basic and clinical studies. An electronic literature research using PubMed and SCOPUS was performed using combination of keywords: “concentrated growth factor” (OR “CGF”), AND “stem cells,” AND “cells” OR “cell proliferation” OR “cell migration” OR “cell differentiation,” AND “repair” OR “survival” OR
RARE EARTH ELEMENTS (REE) DEPOSITS IN NEW MEXICO

Deposits of rare earth elements (REE) are found in NM, but they have not been important exploration targets in past years because demand has been met elsewhere. However, with the projected increase in demand and potential lack of available production from China, the New Mexico deposits are being re-examined for their potential. REE-Th-U veins are found in the Gallinas, Caballo, Capitan, and Cornudas Mountains and Laughlin Peak-Chico Hills. Past production of bastnaesite has come from the Gallinas Mountains. Carbonatites are found in the Lemitar and Chupadera Mountains, Laughlin Peak-Chico Hills, Lobo Hill, and Monte Largo (Sandia Mountains). Although carbonatites have not been found in the Gallinas Mountains, they are suspected to occur in the subsurface based upon mineralogy/alteration. Disseminated Y-Zr deposits in syenite are found at Pajarito Mountain, Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation near Ruidoso. In 1990, Molycorp, Inc. reported historic resources of 2.7 million short tons grading 0.18% Y2O3 and 1.2% ZrO2 as disseminated eudialyte. Two additional deposit types have potential for REE in New Mexico: Cretaceous heavy mineral, beach-placer sandstone deposits and pegmatites. Exploration is ongoing in the Lemitar, Gallinas, and Cornudas Mountains.
Four new endophytic species of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) isolated from Cameroon

﻿Abstract The genus Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) is a large group of fungi frequently reported as phytopathogens, with ubiquitous distribution across the globe. Diaporthe have traditionally been characterized by the morphology of their ana- and teleomorphic state, revealing a high degree of heterogeneity as soon as DNA sequencing was utilized across the different members of the group. Their relevance for biotechnology and agriculture attracts the attention of taxonomists and natural product chemists alike in context of plant protection and exploitation for their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. While more than 1000 species are described to date, Africa, as a natural habitat, has so far been under-sampled. Several endophytic fungi belonging to Diaporthe were isolated from different plant hosts in Cameroon over the course of this study. Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene, and partial fragments of the calmodulin, beta-tubulin, histone and the translation elongation factor 1-α genes, demonstrated that these isolates represent four new species, i.e. D.brideliae, D.cameroonensis, D.pseudoanacardii and D.rauvolfiae. Moreover, the description of D.isoberliniae is here emended, now incorporating the morphology of beta and gamma conidia produced by two of our endophytic isolates, which had never been documented in previous records. Moreover, the paraphyletic nature of the genus is discussed and suggestions are made for future revision of the genus.
Women’s Health Choices and the E ﬀ ects on Child Health

This paper analyses, both theoretically and empirically, women’s health choices and their e ﬀ ects on child health for a sample of rural households in Cebu, Philip-pines. The present study di ﬀ ers from other studies by analysing separately prenatal and postnatal determinants of child health both under certainty and uncertainty, hence introducing the possibility of di ﬀ erent health production functions before and after birth. An approach that is well in line with recent research in nutrition and epidemiology. Theoretically, the model predicts that the larger the probability of survival the less is spent on child speci ﬁ c health inputs after birth. That is, the less money need to be spent on compensating the child for a ”bad start” in life. Empirically, the results show that family speci ﬁ c health endowments may explain a large part of the child’s health, that water and sanitation are important for child health, and that smoking has a signi ﬁ cant and negative e ﬀ ect on the health of the child after birth.
Transient Analysis of Fracture Initiation in a Coupled Transient Analysis of Fracture Initiation in a Coupled Thermoelastic Solid Thermoelastic Solid

An isotropic, thermoelastic solid is initially at rest at uniform (absolute) temperature, and contains a semi-infinite, plane crack. Application of in-plane and normal point forces to each face of the crack causes transient 30 growth. The related problem of discontinuities in temperature and displacement that exist on regions that exhibit dynamic similarity is first considered. Asymptotic expressions, whose inverses are valid near the crack edges for short times, are obtained in integral transform space. These lead to equations of the Wiener-Hopf type for the fracture problem. Analytical solutions are obtained and, upon inversion, subjected to a dynamic energy release rate criterion that accounts for kinetic energy. A particular form of rapid growth in time of the forces is found to cause crack initiation growth rates that indeed vary with position, but not with time. The influence of particular types of mixed-mode loading upon crack edge contour and thermal response near the edge is also examined.
University of Birmingham The molecular landscape of well differentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma

Well differentiated liposarcoma (WD-LPS) is a relatively rare tumour, with fewer than 50 cases occurring per year in the UK. These tumours are both chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-resistant and present a signi ﬁ cant treatment challenge requiring radical surgery. Little is known of the molecular landscape of these tumours and no current targets for molecular therapy exist. We aimed to carry out a comprehensive molecular characterisation of WD-LPS via whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and methylation array analysis. A recurrent mutation within exon 1 of FOXD4L3 was observed (chr9:70,918,189A>T; c.322A>T; p.Lys108Ter). Recurrent mutations were also observed in Wnt signalling, immunity, DNA repair, and hypoxia-associated genes. Recurrent ampli ﬁ cation of HGMA2 was observed, although this was in fact part of a general ampli ﬁ cation of the region around this gene. Recurrent gene fusions in HGMA2 , SDHA , TSPAN31 , and MDM2 were also observed as well as consistent rearrangements between chromosome 6 and chromosome 12. Our study has demonstrated a recurrent mutation within FOXD4L3 , which shows evidence of interaction with the PAX pathway to promote tumourigenesis.
PARENTAL TIME INVESTMENT AND INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY ∗

This article constructs an overlapping generations general equilibrium model to explore the extent to which heterogeneity in time investment shapes intergenerational mobility of lifetime income. The calibrated model successfully accounts for untargeted distributional aspects of income mobility. Counterfactual exercises show that removing heterogeneity in parental time investment reduces intergenerational persistence by around 7– 8% for early childhood but only marginally in later childhood. Policy experiments ﬁnd that an asset-tested subsidy for parental monetary investments in early childhood can raise intergenerational mobility in a cost-effective way, though it reduces mobility substantially if given to parents with older school-aged children.
Soft and hard aspects of green behaviour a firm-level study of the pollution haven hypothesis in the Mediterranean Basin.

The paper tests the pollution haven hypothesis in the context of three economies on the borders of the European Union in the Mediterranean Basin: Greece, Italy, and Turkey. Large differences in soft and hard aspects of green behaviour are revealed. Multinational ﬁ rms are found to be more likely to use ‘ soft talk ’ strategies across the three economies. Yet the research also reveals that the multinationals are often more energy-intensive. Data for electricity consumption (where the largest regulatory differences exist across the EU border) show that there is a difference in the energy intensity of foreign and domestic ﬁ rms in Turkey. At prices 45% lower than the un-weighted EU average, the paper documents a 114% difference in electricity consumption by ownership. This difference in the difference between foreign and domestic ﬁ rms' green behaviour across the three economies studied provides strong validation for the pollution haven hypothesis.
Prevalence of Chronic Complications in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on the Korean National Diabetes Program

Background The Korean National Diabetes Program (KNDP) cohort study is performing an ongoing large-scale prospective multicenter investigation to discover the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in Korean patients. This study was performed to examine the prevalence of chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes among those registered in the KNDP cohort within the past 4 years. Methods This study was performed between June 2006 and September 2009 at 13 university hospitals and included 4,265 KNDP cohort participants. Among the participants, the crude prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular diseases of those checked for diabetes-related complications was determined, and the adjusted standard prevalence and standardization of the general population prevalence ratio (SPR) was estimated based on the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) population demographics. Results Among the KNDP registrants, 43.2% had hypertension, 34.8% had dyslipidemia, 10.8% had macrovascular disease, and 16.7% had microvascular disease. The SPR of the KNDP registrants was significantly higher than that of the KNHANES subjects after adjusting for demographics in the KNHANES 2005 population. However, with the exception of cardiovascular disease in females, the standardized prevalence for the most complicated items in the survey was significantly higher than that in the KNHANES subjects. Conclusion The prevalence of macrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease were significantly higher in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes than in the normal population. However, no significant difference was noted in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in females.