Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical properties of the dark matter haloes of dwarf galaxies and correlations with the environment

According to the now strongly supported concordance Λ cold dark matter model, galaxies may be grossly described as a luminous component embedded in a dark matter halo. The density profile of these mass-dominating haloes may be determined by N-body simulations which mimic the evolution of the tiny initial density perturbations during the process leading to the structures we observe today. Unfortunately, when the effect of baryons is taken into account, the situation gets much more complicated due to the difficulties in simulating their physics. As a consequence, a definitive prediction of how dark matter haloes should presently look is still missing. We revisit here this issue from an observational point of view devoting our attention to dwarf galaxies. Being likely dark matter dominated, these systems are ideal candidates to investigate the present-day halo density profiles and check whether dark matter related quantities correlate with stellar ones or the environment. By fitting a large sample of well-measured rotation curves, we infer constraints on both halo structural parameters (such as the logarithmic slope of the density profile and its concentration) and derived quantities (e.g. the mass fraction and the Newtonian acceleration) which could then be used to constrain galaxy formation scenarios. Moreover, we investigate whether the halo properties correlate with the environment the galaxy lives in, thus offering a new tool to deepen our understanding of galaxy formation.
Permutation-equivariant quantum K-theory VI. Mirrors

We present here the K-theoretic version of mirror models of toric manifold. First, we recall the construction of cohomological mirrors for toric manifolds, i.e. representations of the toric hypergeometric functions from quantum cohomology theory by complex oscillating integrals. Then we repeat the construction in the K-theoretic situation, and obtain complex oscillating integrals representing q-hypergeometric functions from quantum K-theory of toric manifolds, bundles, and super-bundles. Finally, we examine the Lagrangian varieties parameterized by critical points of the phase functions of these oscillating integrals.
Whooping Crane (Grus americana) use patterns in relation to an ecotope classification in the Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska, USA

A portion of the Aransas-Wood Buffalo population of Whooping Cranes ( Grus americana ) stopover within the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) annually. Past studies have found Whooping Cranes select herbaceous wetlands over agricultural fields when evaluated at a migration-corridor scale. However, recent studies conducted within the CPRV have reported Whooping Cranes selected agricultural fields and avoided herbaceous landcover classes. We hypothesized that much of this discrepancy was due to differences in landcover classifications used in previous studies, particularly those related to wetland designations. We used multiple existing, fine-scale geospatial data sources considering both landcover and hydrological factors to define unique and regionally specific ecotopes, which are the smallest homogenous and biologically relevant mappable units of analysis in landscape ecology (e.g., meadow-marsh, upland agriculture, etc.). We examined whether ecotope-based landcover, when evaluated at multiple spatial scales (i.e., 400 m and 1000 m), predicted terrestrial Whooping Crane occurrence within the CPRV. We used generalized linear mixed models within an information-theoretic approach to assess Whooping Crane occurrence within the CPRV. We found distinct ecotopes at the 1000-m scale explained nearly 40% of the variation in Whooping Crane occurrence. Ecotope models outperformed models including only their component parts such as flooding frequency and wetland designation. Whooping Cranes occurred more frequently within wetland portions of both agricultural fields and natural herbaceous communities and were less likely to use analogous upland components. We also found that occurrence was positively associated with proximity to the main channel of the Platte River and that Whooping Cranes avoided roads and developed areas, as several other studies have reported. Our findings indicate herbaceous and agricultural wetland areas should be targeted for Whooping Crane conservation efforts within the CPRV and perhaps regionally.
Acoustic transmission problems: Wavenumber-explicit bounds and resonance-free regions

We consider the Helmholtz transmission problem with one penetrable star-shaped Lipschitz obstacle. Under a natural assumption about the ratio of the wavenumbers, we prove bounds on the solution in terms of the data, with these bounds explicit in all parameters. In particular, the (weighted) [Formula: see text] norm of the solution is bounded by the [Formula: see text] norm of the source term, independently of the wavenumber. These bounds then imply the existence of a resonance-free strip beneath the real axis. The main novelty is that the only comparable results currently in the literature are for smooth, convex obstacles with strictly positive curvature, while here we assume only Lipschitz regularity and star-shapedness with respect to a point. Furthermore, our bounds are obtained using identities first introduced by Morawetz (essentially integration by parts), whereas the existing bounds use the much-more sophisticated technology of microlocal analysis and propagation of singularities. We also adapt existing results to show that if the assumption on the wavenumbers is lifted, then no bound with polynomial dependence on the wavenumber is possible.
THE IMPACT OF MASS SEGREGATION AND STAR FORMATION ON THE RATES OF GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE SOURCES FROM EXTREME MASS RATIO INSPIRALS

Compact stellar objects inspiraling into massive black holes (MBHs) in galactic nuclei are some of the most promising gravitational-wave (GWs) sources for next-generation GW detectors. The rates of such extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) depend on the dynamics and distribution of compact objects (COs) around the MBH. Here, we study the impact of mass-segregation processes on EMRI rates. In particular, we provide the expected mass function (MF) of EMRIs, given an initial MF of stellar black holes (SBHs), and relate it to the mass-dependent detection rate of EMRIs. We then consider the role of star formation (SF) on the distribution of COs and its implication on EMRI rates. We find that the existence of a wide spectrum of SBH masses leads to the overall increase of EMRI rates and to high rates of the EMRIs from the most massive SBHs. However, it also leads to a relative quenching of EMRI rates from lower-mass SBHs, and together produces a steep dependence of the EMRI MF on the highest-mass SBHs. SF history plays a relatively small role in determining the EMRI rates of SBHs, since most of them migrate close to the MBH through mass segregation rather than forming in situ. However, the EMRI rate of neutron stars (NSs) can be significantly increased when they form in situ close to the MBH, as they can inspiral before relaxation processes significantly segregate them outward. A reverse but weaker effect of decreasing the EMRI rates from NSs and white dwarfs occurs when SF proceeds far from the MBH.
A transcendental approach to injectivity theorem for log canonical pairs

In this paper, we study transcendental aspects of the cohomology groups of adjoint bundles of log canonical pairs, aiming to establish an analytic theory for log canonical singularities. As a result, in the case of purely log terminal pairs, we give an analytic proof of the injectivity theorem originally proved by the Hodge theory. Our method is based on the theory of harmonic integrals and the L2-method for the dbar-equation, and it enables us to generalize the injectivity theorem to the complex analytic setting.
Family Ownership, Excess Control and Firm Performance: A Focus on the Family Firms in Pakistan

This paper attempts to explore the effect of ownership structure and excess control on firm performance in Pakistan. The pragmatic examination is accomplished through employing a data set comprising 289 non-financial firms listed on KSE covering a period of 2004-2012. The results indicate that both family owned and family controlled firms show significantly lower financial performance than non-family owned and non-family controlled firms in Pakistan. Further, family ownership tends to show a quadratic relationship with firm performance. Family ownership is negatively related whereas family ownership squared is positively related to firm performance. The findings portray that family ownership is negatively related at initial levels and beyond a certain threshold level, it started to affect positively the firm performance. Moreover, ownership disparity (excess control) shows strongly negatively relationship with family firms’ performance. These findings clearly suggest that family firms suffer from agency conflicts among controlling family shareholders and external shareholders that seems the root cause of lower family firms’ performance in Pakistan. The ultimate controllers in family firms use complex pyramidal ownership structures to achieve an ultimate control over many firms simultaneously with least capital invested. The findings are consistent with the expropriation hypotheses proposed (La Porta, 2000). Most importantly, the findings shed light on an important corporate governance aspect of family ownership at higher levels (family ownership squared) that it resolves agency conflict between family shareholders-external shareholders and affects positively the firm performance.
Revealing dust-obscured star formation in CLJ1449+0856, a cluster at z = 2

We present SCUBA-2 450$\mu$m and 850$\mu$m data of the mature redshift 2 cluster CLJ1449. We combine this with archival Herschel data to explore the star forming properties of CLJ1449. Using high resolution ALMA and JVLA data we identify potentially confused galaxies, and use the Bayesian inference tool XID+ to estimate fluxes for them. Using archival optical and near infrared data with the energy-balance code CIGALE we calculate star formation rates, and stellar masses for all our cluster members, and find the star formation rate varies between 20-1600M$_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$ over the entire 3Mpc radial range. The central 0.5Mpc region itself has a total star formation rate of 800$\pm$200M$_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$, which corresponds to a star formation rate density of (1.2$\pm$0.3)$\times$10$^{4}$M$_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-3}$, which is approximately five orders of magnitude greater than expected field values. When comparing this cluster to those at lower redshifts we find that there is an increase in star formation rate per unit volume towards the centre of the cluster. This indicates that there is indeed a reversal in the star formation/density relation in CLJ1449. Based on the radial star-formation rate density profile, we see evidence for an elevation in the star formation rate density, even out to radii of 3Mpc. At these radii the elevation could be an order of magnitude greater than field values, but the exact number cannot be determined due to ambiguity in the redshift associations. If this is the case it would imply that this cluster is still accreting material which is possibly interacting and undergoing vigorous star-formation.
Intermediately trimmed strong laws for Birkhoff sums on subshifts of finite type

ABSTRACT We prove strong laws of large numbers under intermediate trimming for Birkhoff sums over subshifts of finite type. This gives another application of a previous trimming result only proven for interval maps. To prove these statements we introduce the space of quasi-Hölder continuous functions for subshifts of finite type. Additionally, we prove a trimmed strong law for St. Petersburg type distribution functions which can be applied to interval maps, subshifts of finite type and possibly other dynamical systems.
Contribution to the knowledge of the Papilionoidea fauna of Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman) (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

The Lepidoptera fauna of Dhofar province and Sultanate of Oman in general have been poorly studied with a total of 63 species recorded so far for the province. Our aim was to study the distribution of Lepidoptera more in detail, in particularly for some rare species with limited records. We sum up the results of 13 expeditions to Dhofar in the period between 2008 and 2019. Lepidoptera were recorded from 67 localities covering mostly the three mountain ranges in the region. Among 65 species recorded Colias crocea (Geoffroy, 1785) is new for the country and three are new for the region (Papilio machaon muetingi Seyer, 1976, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 and Pelopidas thrax (Hübner, [1821])) bringing the total to 72 species recorded for Dhofar. Additionally, interesting records for the following species are discussed in detail: Colotis liagore (Klug, 1829), C. protomedia (Klug, 1829), Acraea neobule Doubleday, 1847, Melitaea deserticola scotti Higgins, 1941, Melanitis leda (Linnaeus, 1758), Cigaritis dhofarina Seizmair, 2017, Chloroselas esmeralda bilqis Larsen, 1983, Tarucus balkanicus (Freyer, 1844), Azanus moriqua (Wallengren, 1857), Euchrysops lois (Butler, 1886), Spialia colotes semiconfluens de Jong, 1978, and Spialia zebra bifida (Higgins, 1924). Further surveys during monsoon season would be valuable to complement our study.
A Rare and Surprising Case of Spontaneous Type B Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in an Internal Medicine Ward

Carotid-cavernous fistulas are abnormal communications between the carotid arteries and the cavernous sinus. They can be spontaneous, which is rare, or acquired, most often post-traumatic. We describe the case of a 59-year-old woman with complaints of right-sided red eye and blurred vision that did not improve with antibiotic treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis, progressing to what appeared to be post-septal cellulitis. The patient had exuberant chemosis, diplopia, VI cranial nerve palsy, and elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Computed tomography of the orbits showed right-sided thickening of the soft tissues of the upper eyelid and the medial and lateral rectus muscles, and an enlargement of the ipsilateral superior ophthalmic vein. However, antibiotics did not cause any kind of improvement. After a laborious diagnostic march, the diagnosis of a rare case of Barrow type B spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula was confirmed. The patient underwent confirmatory angiography with endovascular treatment at the same time, showing rapid improvement after the procedure, without any sequelae. It is of great importance that clinicians are alert to this diagnosis, as diagnostic and therapeutic delay can lead to severe ocular compromise. In patients with a presumptive diagnosis of conjunctivitis and/or orbital cellulitis that does not improve with antibiotic treatment, the differential diagnosis with this rare entity should be considered, so that the appropriate treatment can be timely instituted.
Minimal 2-spheres in 3-spheres

We prove that any manifold diffeomorphic to $S^3$ and endowed with a generic metric contains at least two embedded minimal two-spheres. The existence of at least one minimal two-sphere was obtained by Simon-Smith in 1983. Our approach combines ideas from min-max theory and mean curvature flow. We also establish the existence of smooth mean convex foliations in three manifolds. We apply our methods to solve a problem posed by S.T. Yau in 1987 on whether the planar two-spheres are the only minimal spheres in ellipsoids centered about the origin in $\mathbb{R}^4$. Finally, considering the example of degenerating ellipsoids we show that the assumptions in the multiplicity one conjecture and the equidistribution of widths conjecture are in a certain sense sharp.
PROBING THE DAWN OF GALAXIES AT z ∼ 9–12: NEW CONSTRAINTS FROM HUDF12/XDF AND CANDELS DATA

We present a comprehensive analysis of z > 8 galaxies based on ultra-deep WFC3/IR data. We exploit all the WFC3/IR imaging over the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field from the HUDF09 and the new HUDF12 program, in addition to the HUDF09 parallel field data, as well as wider area imaging over GOODS-South. Galaxies are selected based on the Lyman break technique in three samples centered around z ∼ 9, z ∼ 10, and z ∼ 11, with seven z ∼ 9 galaxy candidates, and one each at z ∼ 10 and z ∼ 11. We confirm a new z ∼ 10 candidate (with z = 9.8 ± 0.6) that was not convincingly identified in our first z ∼ 10 sample. Using these candidates, we perform one of the first estimates of the z ∼ 9 UV luminosity function (LF) and improve our previous constraints at z ∼ 10. Extrapolating the lower redshift UV LF evolution should have revealed 17 z ∼ 9 and 9 z ∼ 10 sources, i.e., a factor ∼3 × and 9× larger than observed. The inferred star formation rate density (SFRD) in galaxies above 0.7 M☉ yr−1 decreases by 0.6 ± 0.2 dex from z ∼ 8 to z ∼ 9, in excellent agreement with previous estimates. From a combination of all current measurements, we find a best estimate of a factor 10× decrease in the SFRD from z ∼ 8 to z ∼ 10, following (1 + z)−11.4 ± 3.1. Our measurements thus confirm our previous finding of an accelerated evolution beyond z ∼ 8, and signify a very rapid build-up of galaxies with MUV < −17.7 mag within only ∼200 Myr from z ∼ 10 to z ∼ 8, in the heart of cosmic reionization.
Evolution of vorticity and enstrophy in the intracluster medium

Turbulence generated by large-scale motions during structure formation affects the evolution of the thermal and non-thermal components of the intracluster medium. As enstrophy is a measure of the magnitude of vorticity, we study the generation and evolution of turbulence by analysing the Lagrangian history of enstrophy. For this purpose we combine cosmological simulations carried out with the ENZO-code with our Lagrangian post-processing tool CRaTer. This way we are able to quantify the individual source terms of enstrophy in the course of the accretion of groups onto galaxy clusters. Here we focus on the redshift range from $z=1$ to $z=0$. Finally, we measure the rate of dissipation of turbulence and estimate the resulting amplification of intracluster magnetic fields. We find that compressive and baroclinic motions are the main sources of enstrophy, while stretching motions and dissipation affect most of the ensuing enstrophy evolution. The rate of turbulent dissipation is able to sustain the amplification of intracluster magnetic fields to observed levels.
Space-time gradient metasurfaces

Metasurfaces characterized by a transverse gradient of local impedance have recently opened exciting directions for light manipulation at the nanoscale. Here we add a temporal gradient to the picture, showing that spatio-temporal variations over a surface may largely extend the degree of light manipulation in metasurfaces, and break several of their constraints associated to symmetries. As an example, we synthesize a non-reciprocal classical analogue to electromagnetic induced transparency, opening a narrow window of one-way transmission in an otherwise opaque surface. These properties pave the way to magnetic free, planarized non-reciprocal ultrathin surfaces for free-space isolation.
Metal-Insulator Transition in Three-Dimensional Semiconductors

We use a random gap model to describe a metal–insulator transition in three-dimensional semiconductors due to doping, and find a conventional phase transition, where the effective scattering rate is the order parameter. Spontaneous symmetry breaking results in metallic behavior, whereas the insulating regime is characterized by the absence of spontaneous symmetry breaking. The transition is continuous for the average conductivity with critical exponent equal to 1. Away from the critical point, the exponent is roughly 0.6, which may explain experimental observations of a crossover of the exponent from 1 to 0.5 by going away from the critical point.
Social Network Effects on Travel Agency Employees’ Occupational Outcomes: Innovation Behavior as a Mediator

Purpose - The current study aims to examine the effect of social network factors on travel agency employees’ occupational outcomes such as job performance and job satisfaction through innovation behavior in a comprehensive model. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on a theory of social network, the concept of social network was assessed by three factors: a) network size, b) network range, and c) tie strength. To test the proposed hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed based on data from 197 travel agency employees in Korea. Result – The results showed that the associational activity of network size had a positive effect on innovation behavior, while the network range of network size had a significant negative effect on innovation behavior. Subsequently, innovation behavior positively influenced on job performance and job satisfaction, respectively. Conclusions - The results offer some insights into the extended model and have important managerial implications for Korean travel agencies. More specifically, considering diverse domains of social network and organizational research, this study advances critical utility of social network factors in a high facilitating level of innovation behavior, which can help travel agency employees promote their job performance and job satisfaction.
Determinants of Mortality in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Athens, Greece: A Case-Control Study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between death and sociodemographic and clinical determinants in a neonatal ICU (NICU) in Athens, Greece, by means of a case-control study. Methods: The study was conducted between January 2013 and October 2017 at the NICU of “Panayiotis & Aglaia Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital in Athens, Greece. The NICU subjects that died (case group) during this period (n=49) were compared with a control group of 451 NICU-admitted subjects who survived, during the same period. Potential determinants of mortality were assessed; univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed; odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated. Results: Gestational age less than 32 weeks (adjusted OR=4.59, 95%CI: 2.09-10.10), low birth weight (adjusted OR=3.14, 95%CI: 1.43-6.91), emergency transfer (adjusted OR=11.92, 95%CI: 1.57-90.60), cyanosis (adjusted OR=5.20, 95%CI: 2.25-12.01), perinatal asphyxia (adjusted OR=6.96, 95%CI: 3.07-15.75), necrotizing enterocolitis (adjusted OR=3.21, 95%CI: 1.03-9.99), need for oxygen supply, and incubator use emerged as independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: Extreme prematurity, low birth weight, necrotizing enterocolitis, and emergency conditions are associated with mortality, despite progress made in the field of neonatal intensive care.