Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variability in Acetylcholinesterase upon Exposure to Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl in Hybrid Catfish

AChE was measured in brain, liver, muscle and gill tissues of hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus x Clarias gariepinus) exposed to a sublethal concentration of an organophosphate, chlorpyrifos and a carbamate, carbaryl, for 4 days. AChE inhibition increased rapidly with insecticide concentration. Relative inhibition of AChE was higher in larger fish but did not differ significantly with sex. Relative inhibition of AChE accompanying insecticide exposure was highest in the brain tissues and progressively less in the liver, muscle and gill tissues. Insecticide concentrations and AChE inhibition in the brain increased over the 4-day sublethal exposure. After transfer to insecticide-free water, AChE inhibition and insecticide residue in the brain decreased but remained above control values over the 4-day recovery period.
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA INIBIÇÃO DA PERDA DE COBERTURA VEGETAL NATURAL NAS

Reducing natural vegetation loss in Amazonia critically depends on the formal recognition of indigenous territories The Brazilian Amazon contains the world’s largest tract of tropical forest, about one quarter of which is within demarcated indigenous territories. Formal governmental recognition of these traditional territories is often a critical deterrent to deforestation, but the relative conservation performance of Indigenous Lands (ILs) under different legal categories and geographic contexts remains poorly understood. We used 30-m resolution Landsat satellite imagery to quantitatively assess the land cover status and annual rates of natural vegetation loss for 381 indigenous territories between 1985 and 2017. Using a comprehensive set of environmental and socio-economic covariates and a mixed-modelling approach, we found that all stages of formal IL recognition consistently inhibits natural vegetation loss throughout the Brazilian Amazon compared to adjacent unprotected areas. Formal Demarcation and distance from roads were the main proximate drivers of avoided natural vegetation loss inside ILs. Forest loss associated with road building is substantially curbed by ILs, showing the importance of frontier expansion when assessing indigenous reserve performance in counteracting natural vegetation loss. Because forest and savannah losses associated with agribusiness frontiers and infrastructure projects are likely to intensify, the importance of ecosystem services provided by ILs is expected to grow across the Brazilian Amazon. Cultural traits or heavily settled ILs have no impact on their effectiveness in precluding natural vegetation loss. Given widespread encroachment of agribusiness, formal recognition of indigenous territories is a key factor in decelerating primary habitat conversion across the Amazon.
Characteristics of the Semantic Layer of the Image of the World Among Young Representatives of the Indigenous Small-numbered Peoples of the North

Introduction. Research on the ethno-cultural characteristics of the image of the world in the in digenous small-numbered peoples of the North is important. This paper presents the results of an empirical investigation of the image of the world (a semantic layer) among young representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North. This study is the first report on the application of a three-level model of the image of the world for describing its characteristics among young representatives of indigenous ethnic groups. Methods. The study sample comprised 225 individual participants aged 16–25 years, living in the North and Northeast of Russia, 110 of whom were representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North and 115 of whom were representatives of the non-indigenous population. The study employed the group associative experiment. Results and Discussion. The findings indicate the presence of non-random differences in the structures of semantic assessments, which indicates the presence of specific characteristics of the semantic layer of the image of the world among representatives of indigenous peoples of the North. In the group of representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North the first ranks in associations with the ‘my life five years ago’ stimulus correspond to the following descriptors: ‘school’, ‘study’, and ‘friends’; with the ‘my life now’ stimulus – ‘study’, ‘work’, and ‘sports’; with the ‘my life five years later’ stimulus – ‘work’, ‘family’, and ‘children’; with the ‘nature’ stimulus – ‘beauty’, ‘forest’, and ‘animals’; with the ‘human’ stimulus – ‘kind’, ‘friend’, and ‘reasonable’; and with the ‘happiness’ stimulus – ‘family’, ‘love’, and ‘children’. In the group of representatives of the non-indigenous population the North the first ranks in associations with the ‘my life five years ago’ stimulus correspond to the following descriptors: ‘school’, ‘friends’, and ‘carefree’; with the ‘my life now’ stimulus – ‘study’, ‘love’, and ‘work’; with the ‘my life five years later’ stimulus – ‘family’, ‘work’, and ‘children’; with the ‘nature’ stimulus – ‘forest’, ‘beauty’, and ‘sea’; with the ‘human’ stimulus – ‘kind’, ‘personality’, and ‘reasonable’; and with the ‘happiness’ stimulus – ‘family’, ‘love’, and ‘children’. The differences observed when comparing associative semantic universals indicate that associative links are determined by differences in subjective experiences and cultural contexts. Ryabova Characteristics of the Semantic Layer of the Image of the World Among Young Representatives. Russian Psychological Journal, 2020, Vol. 17, No. 4, 80–97. doi: 10.21702/rpj.2020. 4.6 CC BY 4.0 81 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Determinants of Remittance Flows to Sub-Saharan Africa1

The fundamental objective of this study is to empirically explore the macroeconomic factors that explain variations in migrant remittance inflows to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In doing this, the paper sampled 38 out of 48 SSA countries for which consistent balanced panel data can be constructed for the period 2000-2009. The Blundell-Bond system GMM dynamic panel data analytical framework was adopted. The results show that migrant remittances are largely driven by altruism, a signal that the sub-region has not been able to attract more ‘self-interest remittances’, probably due to unattractive investment climate arising out of implementation of unsound macroeconomic policies. The key macroeconomic determinants of remittance flows, measured as a percentage of GDP, are home-country income, host-country income, income differential, inflation, real interest rate differential, real exchange rate depreciation, private sector credit, institutional quality and remittance inflows inertia. While remittance inertia, host-country income, income differential, inflation, institutional quality, interest rate differential and real exchange rate depreciation have consistent positive individual impacts on remittance inflows, home-country income and private sector credit have negative effects on remittances. This study, thus, recommends that to attract optimal remittances – remittances that are in excess of altruistic motive – to SSA, there is need to ensure macroeconomic stability and pro-growth policies, and strategic fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policy reforms in SSA. MacroeconoMic DeterMinants of reMittance flows to sub-saharan africa 1
Determinants of E-Banking Services Adoption among Commercial Banks in Ethiopia: Analysis of Banks' Customers Perspectives

The prime objective of this study was to assess determinates of e-banking service adoption among commercial bank s in Ethiopia from the customers perspective. The researchers used cross sectional study was done on eleven commercial banks in Ethiopia. The study was a triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative research approach. The researchers were used primary source of data which is collected via questionnaire. Judgmental sampling was used to select 482 sample respondents with 20% non response rate. Accordingly, 450 questionnaires were returned with 93.4%response rate. The researchers used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression models due to the continuous nature of dependent variable. The finding of the study revealed that cost, trust, privacy and security are significant determinants of e-banking service adoption among commercial banks in Ethiopia. The findings of this study would help the banking sectors and its customers to better understand their e-banking market segment, their perception and behaviors in relation to using ebanking services.
Maternal mortality review by three delay model: a retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of Chhattisgarh

Background: SDG 3 includes an ambitious target of reducing the global MMR to less than 70 per 100 000 births by 2030. In order for effective initiation of measures to reduce maternal mortality it is necessary to assess the levels of delays, causes of death, health seeking behavior during antenatal and postnatal period and obstacles in reception of health services.Methods: Retrospective study of 112 maternal death cases from a tertiary medical centre (Medical College) was done. The details of all the maternal mortalities from January 2018 to July 2020 were collected from the individual case sheets, facility-based maternal death review form and MDR Case Summary.Results: The study reported a very high MMR of 802. Hypertensive disorders (36.61%), Obstetric haemorrhage (25.89%) and Sepsis (14.29%) constituted the major direct cause of maternal deaths whereas anaemia was the most common indirect cause (7.14%). First, second and third delays were present in 95.54%, 70.54% and 47.32% cases respectively.Conclusions: Suboptimal ANC, long distances to reach final hospitals, high number of referrals and admission during complicated stage explains the very high maternal mortality in the present study. Application of Three Delay Model revealed that most of the maternal death occurred due to delays in multiple levels and first delay was the most commonly identified delay. Accelerated efforts should be implemented to minimize all the delays in order to achieve SDG goals.
Effect of application of ammonium molybdate on nutrient status and yield of pigeon pea grown in Vertisol

A field experiment was conducted during 2018-19 to study the “Effect of application of ammonium molybdate on nutrient status and yield of pigeon pea grown on Vertisol” at experimental farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani. The experiment was laid out on Vertisol with five treatments replicated four times in randomized block design. The experiment was laid out on Vertisol with five treatments replicated four times in randomized block design. The treatment consists of T1Absolute control, T2Only RDF (25:50 kg N and P2O5 ha), T3RDF + Ammonium molybdate through seed treatment @1 g kgseed, T4RDF + Ammonium molybdate through soil application @ 2 kg ha, T5RDF + Ammonium molybdate through foliar application @ 0.5%. The results found that Available macro and micronutrients at various growth stages of pigeon pea found to be decreased continuously from flowering to harvesting due to plant uptake of nutrients for their vegetative and reproductive growth. The yield parameters like seed yield and stover yield was increased due to application of RDF + ammonium molybdate through foliar application @ 0.5% followed by the treatment receiving RDF + Ammonium molybdate @ 2 kg ha.
Linguistic Variation and Anomalies in Comparisons of Human and Machine-Generated Image Captions

Describing the content of a visual image is a fundamental ability of human vision and language systems. Over the past several years, researchers have published on major improvements on image captioning, largely due to the development of deep learning systems trained on large data sets of images and human-written captions. However, these systems have major limitations, and their development has been narrowly focused on improving scores on relatively simple “bag-of-words” metrics. Very little work has examined the overall complex patterns of the language produced by image-captioning systems and how it compares to captions written by humans. In this paper, we closely examine patterns in machine-generated captions and characterize how conventional metrics are inconsistent at penalizing them for nonhuman-like erroneous output. We also hypothesize that the complexity of a visual scene should be reﬂected in the linguistic variety of the captions and, in testing this hypothesis, we ﬁnd that human-generated captions have a dramatically greater degree of lexical, syntactic, and semantic variation. These results have important implications for the design of performance metrics, gauging what deep learning captioning systems really understand in images, and the importance of the task of image captioning for cognitive systems research.
Flash Flood Modelling of Ungagged Watershed based on Geomorphology and Kinematic Wave: Case Study of Billi Drainage Basin, Egypt

Billi is one of the ungagged drainage basins in the Eastern desert of Egypt and characterized by drought and rare precipitation. However, events of heavy rain are occuring increasingly leading to repetitive flash flood events that extend to Red sea coast casing damages for human and infrastructures. El-Gouna is a touristic urban area locates in the valley’s delta, which is not prepared with protection structures and depends on desalination of salt groundwater as the main source for fresh water. Due to the lack of historical data and the availability of non reliable data for the flash flood event of 09th March 2014, this paper adapts the KW-GIUH model to investigate the hydrological response of Billi drainage basin and to model the rainfall-runoff process based on the basin’s geomorphological characteristics and kinematic-wave equations. The sensitivity analysis showed a significant effect of rainfall intensity, the overland and channel roughness coefficients, and the sub catchment contributing area over the peak discharge and time to peak. The simulated hydrograph looks more reasonable and within the acceptable limits with the analytical solution comparing with the field measurement, where the peaks occurred almost in the same time and an error of peak discharge by -19% and runoff volume error of -7.69%. The differences attributed to the limited difference in the estimated effective precipitation with -1%, which is responsible for an error of -10.29% in the peak value, and -8.71% in water volume. The results of KW-GIUH model are promising and could be used as a reliable input to another robust shallow water model to examine the effects of flash flood events over urban areas located in the deltas of ungagged watersheds. This will reduce the amount of required data, computational efforts, and provide reliable results that could be used for protection and rain water harvesting applications.
Psychological Capital and Organizational Resilience of Deposit Money Banks in South-South Nigeria

This study examined the relationship between psychological capital and organizational resilience of Deposit Money Banks in South-South, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional research survey. Primary data was generated through selfadministered questionnaire. The population for the study was 1120 employees of the 18 Deposit Money Banks operating in South-South, Nigeria. The sample size of 295 was determined using calculated using the Taro Yamane’s formula for sample size determination. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. Results from analysis of data revealed that psychological capital significantly influences organizational resilience of Deposit Money Banks in South-South, Nigeria. The study recommends that situational awareness can be improved upon via management’s ability to ensure the development of platforms that allow for workers to access strategic information of the organization’s internal and external opportunities and threat as well as strengths and weaknesses.
Prediction of Rare‐Earth A2Hf2O7 Pyrochlore Phases

Within the series of A2O3-HfO2 phase diagrams (A ranges in cationic radius from Lu3+ to La3+), only those from Gd2Hf2O7 to La2Hf2O7 are known to exhibit a pyrochlore phase field. For A cations smaller than Gd3+, only a disordered fluorite phase field exists. Disorder energies for the entire series of pyrochlore oxides have been determined via atomistic simulation. These energies can be correlated to the order-disorder temperatures from the phase diagrams. Consequently, we predict the existence of hitherto unobserved pyrochlores: Dy2Hf2O7, Ho2Hf2O7, and Er2Hf2O7.
IMPACT OF NON-PERFORMING ASSETS (NPA): COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STATE BANK OF INDIA VS. BANK OF BARODA

This study ventures out to evaluate the impact of NPA on the financial performance of banks by analyzing the past data of two large public sector banks in India, namely State Bank of India (SBI) and Bank of Baroda (BOB), along with measuring the strength of the correlation between NPA and profitability of the banks. For this study, correlation & trend analysis has been applied to measure the relationship between SBI and BOB, and ANOVA, the statistical tool, has been employed to measure the strength of this relationship. The study concluded that NPA has an adverse relationship with the profitability of the banks during the period of study i.e. 2009-10 to 2018-19, which is also evident from the fact that NPAs have steadily increased and profits have sharply reduced during the period of study.
Sleep and circadian phenotype in people without cone-mediated vision

Background Light exposure entrains the circadian clock through the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which sense light in addition to the cones and rods. In congenital achromatopsia (ACHM; prevalence 1:30-50,000), the cone system is non-functional, resulting in severe light avoidance and photophobia at daytime light levels. How this condition affects circadian and neuroendocrine responses to light is not known. Methods In genetically confirmed ACHM patients (n=7; age 30-72 years; 6 women, 1 male), we examined survey-assessed sleep/circadian phenotype (PSQI, ESS, MEQ, MCTQ), self-reported visual function (NEI-VFQ-25), sensitivity to light (VLSQ-8) and use of spectral filters that modify chronic light exposure. In all but one patient, we measured rest-activity cycles using actigraphy over 3 weeks and measured the melatonin phase angle of entrainment using the dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO). Results ACHM patients experience a severely attenuated light-dark cycle due to severe light sensitivity and habitual use of filters to reduce retinal illumination. In aggregate, both MEQ and MCTQ indicated a tendency to late chronotype. We found regular rest-activity patterns in all patients and normal phase angles of entrainment in participants with a measurable DLMO. Conclusions Our results reveal that a functional cone system and exposure to daytime light intensities are not necessary for regular behavioural and hormonal entrainment, even when survey-assessed sleep and circadian phenotype indicated a tendency for a late chronotype and sleep problems in our ACHM cohort. Our results can be explained by an adaptation mechanism in circadian photoreception which adjusts to the range of habitual light exposures.
Spectral analysis of optical emission due to isothermal charge recombination in polyolefins

Light emission from electrically stressed polymers, so called electroluminescence, is a subject of great interest because it is associated with electrical aging and dielectric breakdown of highly insulating materials. Radiative recombination of charge carriers on luminescent centers generally is evoked as the main contribution to the emission, but this is difficult to assess in polyolefins since the spectral features associated with this mechanism are not known. The reason is twofold. First, there is a lack of knowledge on the nature of the luminescent centers in these materials, and second, it is difficult to get wavelength-resolved electroluminescence spectra due to the low light level. By using an alternative activation method, we have isolated the emission spectrum associated with isothermal charge recombination in polyethylene and polypropylene. Electrical charges of both polarities are brought to the surface of the samples by contact with a cold plasma powered at a frequency of /spl ap/5 kHz. The kinetic and spectral features of the recombination-induced emission are recorded after discharge switch off. The recombination mechanism is considered on the basis of the light decay kinetics whereas the chemical nature of the luminescent centers is discussed by a comparison with the photoluminescence spectrum of the polymer. It is shown that charges recombine by tunneling from traps to the luminescent centers which are unsaturated species. The chromophores involved in photo- and recombination-induced luminescence appear to be the same, but not the electronic transitions. Light emitted upon charge recombination has been assigned to transitions from the lowest lying triplet states of poly-enone sequences.
An efficient mapped WENO scheme using approximate constant mapping

We present a novel mapping approach for WENO schemes through the use of an approximate constant mapping function which is constructed by employing an approximation of the classic signum function. The new approximate constant mapping function is designed to meet the overall criteria for a proper mapping function required in the design of the WENO-PM6 scheme. The WENO-PM6 scheme was proposed to overcome the potential loss of accuracy of the WENO-M scheme which was developed to recover the optimal convergence order of the WENO-JS scheme at critical points. Our new mapped WENO scheme, denoted as WENO-ACM, maintains almost all advantages of the WENO-PM6 scheme, including low dissipation and high resolution, while decreases the number of mathematical operations remarkably in every mapping process leading to a significant improvement of efficiency. The convergence rates of the WENO-ACM scheme have been shown through one-dimensional linear advection equation with various initial conditions. Numerical results of one-dimensional Euler equations for the Riemann problems, the Mach 3 shock-density wave interaction and the Woodward-Colella interacting blastwaves are improved in comparison with the results obtained by the WENO-JS, WENO-M and WENO-PM6 schemes. Numerical experiments with two-dimensional problems as the 2D Riemann problem, the shock-vortex interaction, the 2D explosion problem, the double Mach reflection and the forward-facing step problem modeled via the two dimensional Euler equations have been conducted to demonstrate the high resolution and the effectiveness of the WENO-ACM scheme. The WENO-ACM scheme provides significantly better resolution than the WENO-M scheme and slightly better resolution than the WENO-PM6 scheme, and compared to the WENO-M and WENO-PM6 schemes, the extra computational cost is reduced by more than 83% and 93%, respectively.