Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interfacial B-Site Ion Diffusion in All-Inorganic Core/Shell Perovskite Nanocrystals

All-inorganic metal halide perovskites (ABX3, X = Cl, Br, or I) show great potential for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices, but the toxicity and instability of lead-based perovskites limit their applications. Shell passivation with a more stable lead-free perovskite is a promising strategy to isolate unstable components from the environment as well as a feasible way to tune the optical properties. However, it is challenging to grow core/shell perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) due to the soft ionic nature of the perovskite lattice. In this work, we developed a facile method to grow a lead-free CsMnCl3 shell on the surface of CsPbCl3 NCs to form CsPbCl3/CsMnCl3 core/shell NCs with enhanced environmental stability and improved photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs). More importantly, the resulting core/shell perovskite NCs have color-tunable PL due to B-site ion diffusion at the interface of the core/shell NCs. Specifically, B-site Mn diffusion from the CsMnCl3 shell to the CsPbCl3 core leads to a Mn-doped CsPbCl3 core (i.e., Mn:CsPbCl3), which can turn on the Mn PL at around 600 nm. The ratio of Mn PL and host CsPbCl3 PL is highly tunable as a function of the thermal annealing time of the CsPbCl3/CsMnCl3 core/shell NCs. While the halide anion exchange for all-inorganic metal halide perovskites has been well-developed for band-gap-engineered materials, interfacial B-site diffusion in core/shell perovskite NCs is a promising approach for both tunable optical properties and enhanced environmental stability.
The network structure of psychopathological and resilient responses to the pandemic: A multicountry general population study of depression and anxiety.

Commonly identified patterns of psychological distress in response to adverse events are characterized by resilience (i.e., little to no distress), delayed (i.e., distress that increases over time), recovery (i.e., distress followed by a gradual decrease over time), and sustained (i.e., distress remaining stable over time). This study aimed to examine these response patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety and depressive symptom data collected across four European countries over the first year of the pandemic were analyzed (N = 3,594). Participants were first categorized into groups based on the four described patterns. Network connectivity and symptom clustering were then estimated for each group and compared. Two thirds (63.6%) of the sample displayed a resilience pattern. The sustained distress network (16.3%) showed higher connectivity than the recovery network (10.0%) group, p = . 031; however, the resilient network showed higher connectivity than the delayed network (10.1%) group, p = . 016. Regarding symptom clustering, more clusters emerged in the recovery network (i.e., three) than the sustained network (i.e., two). These results replicate findings that resilience was the most common mental health pattern over the first pandemic year. Moreover, they suggest that high network connectivity may be indicative of a stable mental health response over time, whereas fewer clusters may be indicative of a sustained distress pattern. Although exploratory, the network perspective provides a useful tool for examining the complexity of psychological responses to adverse events and, if replicated, could be useful in identifying indicators of protection against or vulnerability to future psychological distress.
Earliest eutherian mammal skull, from the Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) of Uzbekistan

We describe a partially crushed skull and dentaries of a sub-adult individual of Daulestes nessovi sp. n. , from the Coniacian of Uzbekistan. This is the earliest known eutherian skull (about 87 Ma) and the sixth genus of Cretaceous eutherians in which a skull is available. Because the skull of D. nessovi is sub-adult, certain plesiomorphic features may be ontogenetic and should be interpreted with caution. Four upper premolars and five lower premolariform teeth were in use (possibly to become four lowers when fully adult). The upper cheek-teeth have winged conules; M2 has large parastylar and small metastylar projections. Preand postcingula are lacking on DP4 and the upper molars. The talonids of dp4-m2 are about 90% as wide as the trigonids, with widely separated entoconid and hypoconulid. The skull has a large sphenorbital fissure, no foramen rotundum, and apparently no pterygoid process of the sphenoid. A large orbital wing of the palatine prevents maxilla-frontal contact within the orbit. The zygomatic arch is slender. The cochlea has one full turn, with an expanded apex, which suggests that a lagena might have been present. A large malleus with a robust anterior process, and a large promontorium may be due to young age of the individual or a primitive retention, as in the platypus. Because of the similarity to Asioryctidae m both cranial structure and dentition, we assign Daulestes tentatively to Asioryctitheria Novacek et al. 1997, family incertae sedis.
The complete anatomy of the mandibular lingula: a meta-analysis with clinical implications.

BACKGROUND The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the anatomical variations of the mandibular lingula (ML) and its relationship to surrounding anatomical structures. Understanding such variations is crucial to help determine the site and depth of a successful inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) anesthetic block as well as a safe area for oral and maxillofacial invasive procedures in order to minimize the risk of neurological or hematological damage to the inferior alveolar nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in which all studies were searched on the anatomy of ML. Major medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library were searched. RESULTS All of the results were based on a total of 4694 subjects. The overall height of the ML was found to be 8.17 mm (SE =0.22). The Triangular Type of the ML was found to be the most common one. The pooled prevalence of this variation was found to be 29.33% (LCI = 23.57% ; HCI = 35.24%). The pooled prevalence of the Nodular Type was set to be 27.99% (LCI = 22.64% ; HCI = 33.67%). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis provides clinically relevant information regarding the shape, location, and height variations of the ML. Understanding such variations of the ML is crucial when performing malocclusion corrections procedures that require the ML as a landmark, namely sagittal split ramus osteotomy, and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Furthermore, effective anesthetic blocks during oral and maxillofacial procedures can be accomplished with a higher success rate if the correct site of injection is identified. The possible locations of the ML should be considered in order to determine the location of the mandibular foramen and, therefore, inferior alveolar bundle in order to prevent motor, sensory, or perfusion pathology during maxillofacial and oral procedures of the lower jaw.
Spatial expression of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factors UPF3A and UPF3B among mouse tissues

无义介导的信使RNA(mRNA)降解途径(nonsense-mediated mRNA decay,简称为NMD)是真核生物细胞内一种重要的基因转录后表达调控机制,它积极参与一系列细胞生理和生化过程,控制细胞命运和生命体的组织稳态。 NMD的缺陷会导致人类疾病,如神经发育障碍、肿瘤发生和自身免疫疾病等。 UPF3(Up-frameshift protein 3)是一个核心的NMD因子,它最早在酵母中被发现。 UPF3A和UPF3B是UPF3在生物进化到脊椎动物阶段出现的两个旁系同源物,在NMD中具有激活或抑制的作用。 以往研究发现,UPF3B蛋白几乎在所有哺乳动物器官中均有表达,而UPF3A蛋白在除睾丸外的大多数哺乳动物组织中难以被检测到。 解释这一现象的假说为:在NMD途径中,UPF3B具有比UPF3A更高的竞争性结合UPF2的能力,UPF3B和UPF2的结合促使UPF3A成为游离状态,而游离的UPF3A蛋白不稳定且易被降解。 此假说提示UPF3A和UPF3B在NMD中存在拮抗作用。 在本研究中,我们重新定量评估了UPF3A和UPF3B在野生型成年雄性和雌性小鼠的9个主要组织和生殖器官中的mRNA和蛋白表达,结果证实UPF3A在雄性生殖细胞中表达量最高。 令人惊讶的是,我们发现在包括大脑和胸腺在内的大多数组织中,UPF3A与UPF3B的蛋白水平相当,而在小鼠脾、肺组织中,UPF3A表达高于UPF3B。 公共基因表达数据进一步支持了上述发现。 因此,我们的研究表明了UPF3A是小鼠组织中普遍表达的NMD因子。 同时,该研究结果推测:在生理条件下,UPF3A和UPF3B蛋白之间不存在竞争抑制,且UPF3A在多种哺乳动物组织的稳态中发挥重要作用。
Seasonal Heat Transport in a Primitive Equations Model of the Tropical Indian Ocean

Abstract This work analyses seasonal heat transport in an ocean-only numerical simulation of the Indian Ocean forced by realistic seasonal winds and surface heat fluxes north of 15°S, assuming no Indonesian Throughflow. The seasonal changes in the model circulation and temperature structure are found to be overall consistent with observations, despite flaws in sea surface temperature and mixed layer depth. The simulation confirms that the reversal of the monsoons and of the associated Ekman transports plays an important role in reversing the sign of the ocean heat transport seasonally causing, in particular, the Arabian Sea's drastic annual cooling, but it suggests that, south of 10°N, deep boundary currents must reverse as well. Most of the model heat transport is carried by a deep downwelling cell during the northeast monsoon and by a shallower upwelling cell during the southwest monsoon. An analysis of the three-dimensional circulation reveals that, in boreal summer, the net −1.2 pW (1 pW = 1015 W) cro.
LEF1 isoforms regulate cellular senescence and aging

Background The study of aging and its mechanisms, such as cellular senescence, has provided valuable insights into age-related pathologies, thus contributing to their prevention and treatment. The current abundance of high throughput data combined with the surge of robust analysis algorithms has facilitated novel ways of identifying underlying pathways that may drive these pathologies. Methods With the focus on identifying key regulators of lung aging, we performed comparative analyses of transcriptional profiles of aged versus young human subjects and mice, focusing on the common age-related changes in the transcriptional regulation in lung macrophages, T cells, and B immune cells. Importantly, we validated our findings in cell culture assays and human lung samples. Results We identified Lymphoid Enhancer Binding Factor 1 (LEF1) as an important age-associated regulator of gene expression in all three cell types across different tissues and species. Follow-up experiments showed that the differential expression of long and short LEF1 isoforms is a key regulatory mechanism of cellular senescence. Further examination of lung tissue from patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), an age-related disease with strong ties to cellular senescence, we demonstrated a stark dysregulation of LEF1. Conclusions Collectively, our results suggest that the LEF1 is a key factor of aging, and its differential regulation is associated with human and murine cellular senescence.
Features and prognosis of patients with lupus nephritis receiving glucocorticoid treatment: a descriptive study using a Japanese claims database

Abstract Objective To evaluate the status of lupus nephritis treatment particularly regarding the need for intensification of treatment in Japan from 2010 to 2019 using a large-scale claims database. Methods This descriptive study included adult lupus nephritis patients who were administered glucocorticoid equivalent to ≥15 mg prednisolone as the initial dose. After summarizing patient characteristics, we assessed the rate of treatment intensification using the Kaplan–Meier method among six groups based on initial dose of glucocorticoid. Results We identified 403 patients (mean age, 42.7 years; 68.5% women) with the median initial glucocorticoid dose of 30 mg/day prednisolone equivalent. We observed 56 treatment intensifications; the incidence rate was 71.3 per 1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 52.6–90.0). The rate in higher glucocorticoid dose groups was higher than that in lower glucocorticoid dose groups. Conclusions We found that the rate of treatment intensification was higher in the high-dose glucocorticoid groups than in the low-dose glucocorticoid groups. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between the initial dose of glucocorticoids and the prognosis of lupus nephritis patients.
Possible Roles of Transition Metal Cations in the Formation of Interstellar Benzene via Catalytic Acetylene Cyclotrimerization

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous interstellar molecules. However, the formation mechanisms of PAHs and even the simplest cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzene, are not yet fully understood. Recently, we reported the statistical and dynamical properties in the reaction mechanism of Fe+-catalyzed acetylene cyclotrimerization, whereby three acetylene molecules are directly converted to benzene. In this study, we extended our previous work and explored the possible role of the complex of other 3d transition metal cations, TM+ (TM = Sc, Ti, Mn, Co, and Ni), as a catalyst in acetylene cyclotrimerization. Potential energy profiles for bare TM+-catalyst (TM = Sc and Ti), for TM+NC−-catalyst (TM = Sc, Ti, Mn, Co, and Ni), and for TM+-(H2O)8-catalyst (TM = Sc and Ti) systems were obtained using quantum chemistry calculations, including the density functional theory levels. The calculation results show that the scandium and titanium cations act as efficient catalysts in acetylene cyclotrimerization and that reactants, which contain an isolated acetylene and (C2H2)2 bound to a bare (ligated) TM cation (TM = Sc and Ti), can be converted into a benzene–metal–cation product complex without an entrance barrier. We found that the number of electrons in the 3d orbitals of the transition metal cation significantly contributes to the catalytic efficiency in the acetylene cyclotrimerization process. On-the-fly Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations of the Ti+-NC− and Ti+-(H2O)8 complexes were also performed to comprehensively understand the nuclear dynamics of the reactions. The computational results suggest that interstellar benzene can be produced via acetylene cyclotrimerization reactions catalyzed by transition metal cation complexes.
Association of remnant cholesterol and newly diagnosed early‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese population: A retrospective cross‐sectional study

Abstract Background With the increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide, patients diagnosed with diabetes has been getting younger. Previous studies have shown that high remnant cholesterol (RC) level leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease events. However, the relationship between RC levels and newly diagnosed early‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unknown. This study aimed to explore the association between RC and newly diagnosed early‐onset T2DM. Methods A total of 606 patients newly diagnosed with early‐onset T2DM and 619 gender‐matched subjects with normal blood glucose levels were retrospectively enrolled in this study. All T2DM patients showed onset age of 18–40 years. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze independent risk factors and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to explore the predictive value of RC and other unconventional lipids. Moreover, the correlation between RC and insulin resistance in patients with newly diagnosed early‐onset T2DM was also examined with binary logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results Increased RC level was an independent risk factor for early‐onset T2DM (p < .05). The area under the curve on ROC analysis of RC was 0.805, 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.781 ~ 0.826, sensitivity was 82.18% and specificity was 66.24%, which showed higher predictive value than those of triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐C) ratio and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL‐C ratio. Cutoff value of RC was 0.32 mmol/L. Level of RC in early‐onset T2DM patients with moderate or severe insulin resistance was significantly higher than that in patients with mild insulin resistance (p < .0001). No difference in RC levels was found between patients with moderate and severe insulin resistance (p > .05). RC was still correlated with insulin resistance after adjusting the conventional lipid parameters (TG, TC, HDL‐C, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) using partial correlation analysis. Conclusion RC level was higher in patients with early‐onset T2DM and was correlated to the degree of insulin resistance as well. Patients aged 18–40 years with RC >0.32 mmol/L showed an increased risk of developing T2DM.
Spread F plasma bubble vertical rise velocities determined from spaced ionosonde observations

Systematic time differences in the onsets of spread F events in the ionograms are observed between the magnetic equatorial station Fortaleza (4°S, 38°W, dip latitude 1.8°S) and the low-latitude station Cachoeira Paulista (23°S, 45°W, dip latitude 14°S), two stations in Brazil, located at close-by magnetic meridional planes (actually some 12° of magnetic longitude apart). On the assumption, justified from different experimental observations, that the spread F irregularities occur in strongly field-aligned plasma bubbles that extend several degrees on either side of the magnetic equator, and rise up in vertically elongated columns over the magnetic equator, we have related the observed time differences in the onsets of spread F events at the two stations to the plasma bubble vertical rise velocities over the magnetic equator. The vertical rise velocities of the plasma bubble so determined are found to be well within the values measured by VHF radar and satellite techniques, and further show, at times, good correlations with the amplitude of the prereversal peak in the vertical drift velocities and the heights of the evening equatorial F layer. Possible implications of these results are discussed.
Associations of family income and healthy lifestyle with all-cause mortality

Background There is a lack of evidence on whether combined lifestyle factors mediate the association between family income and all-cause mortality, as well as the joint relations between family income and lifestyle factors with mortality. Methods Using data on family income and lifestyle factors of participants in the US National Health Interview Survey 2016-2018, we performed multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of all-cause mortality with said data. Results We included 73 729 participants with a mean age of 47.1 years (standard deviation (SD) = 18.0), 51% of whom were women and 65% of whom were non-Hispanic Whites. There were 2284 deaths documented. After multivariable adjustment, middle-income participants had an OR of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.61-0.88) for mortality, while high-income participants had an OR of 0.47 (95% CI = 0.37-0.60) compared with low-income participants. We found that lower all-cause mortality was related to higher lifestyle scores. Adults from high-income families with lifestyle scores of 3 and 4 had an OR for mortality of 0.44 (95% CI = 0.30-0.65) compared to those from low-income families and lifestyle scores of 0 or 1. When comparing those in highest vs lowest income groups in the mediation analysis, 9.8% (95% CI = 7.4-13.0) of the relation for all-cause mortality was mediated by lifestyles. Adults from high-income families with lifestyle scores of 3 or 4 had an OR of 0.23 (95% CI = 0.17-0.33) for mortality compared with those from low-income families and lifestyle scores of 0 or 1. Conclusions A lower risk of all-cause mortality was linked to higher family income and healthier lifestyles. Furthermore, lifestyle factors mediated a small proportion of the association between family income and mortality among US adults. Economic disparity in health may not be eliminated by changing only one’s lifestyle. Therefore, besides promoting a healthy lifestyle, we should stress how family income inequality affects health outcomes.
Targeting the apelin system for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Its prevalence is rising due to ageing populations and the increasing incidence of diseases such as chronic kidney disease, obesity, and diabetes that are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Despite currently available treatments, there remains a huge burden of cardiovascular disease-associated morbidity for patients and healthcare systems, and newer treatments are needed. The apelin system, comprising the apelin receptor and its two endogenous ligands apelin and elabela, is a broad regulator of physiology that opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin and vasopressin systems. Activation of the apelin receptor promotes endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and inotropy, lowers blood pressure, and promotes angiogenesis. The apelin system appears to protect against arrhythmias, inhibits thrombosis, and has broad anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. It also promotes aqueous diuresis through direct and indirect (central) effects in the kidney. Thus, the apelin system offers therapeutic promise for a range of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases. This review will discuss current cardiovascular disease targets of the apelin system and future clinical utility of apelin receptor agonism.
Long-Term Variation in Laying Date and Clutch Size of the Great Tit Parus major in Central Poland: A Comparison between Urban Parkland and Deciduous Forest

Summary. Numerous studies from different locations in Europe show that nest-box populations of tits in urban areas lay earlier and produce fewer eggs than do tits in rural areas. We collected data on laying dates and clutch size in two great tit Parus major populations nesting in oak deciduous forest and urban parkland areas, only about 10 km apart, in central Poland over 11 years. The abundance of caterpillars, the optimal food of breeding tits, at both breeding areas was also quantified. We analysed long-term trends in the timing of egg laying and clutch size. We focused on the effects of year, habitat type, insect availability and weather conditions shortly before egg laying on the patterns of variation in laying date and clutch size. In general, our study supports earlier generalisations on urban and rural tit populations. In particular, our finding that great tits initiated breeding consistently earlier in the urban site than in the forest area supports earlier studies on urbanised birds. The mean laying date was strongly and negatively associated with air temperature between 15 March and 15 April in both habitats. Mean clutch size was lower in the parkland than in the forest population, at least partly in response to the greater abundance of caterpillars in the forest. A novel result of this study is that clutch size differed between habitats to a varying degree in different years, in association with a stronger response to caterpillar abundance in the forest than in the park. Clutch size tended to decline with the progress of the breeding season within years in the parkland site, especially in “early years”, but not in the forest habitat.