Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the main points of Structure and the probable Age of the Bagshot Sands, and on their presumed equivalents in Hampshire and France

In continuation of the paper I had the honour of reading before the Society on the 3rd of February last, I purpose now to examine another division of the Eocene series, frequently incumbent upon the London clay in the neighbourhood of London, and commonly termed the “Bagshot Sands. ” Forming usually barren sandy districts, and rising, over great part of their area, into ranges of heath-covered hills, the Bagshot sands have attracted but little attention, having, although so near London, remained comparatively unexplored since Mr. Warburton described them in 1821*. Without any permanent natural sections, and with few artificial ones beyond an occasional sand or clay-pit, and the curious grave-shaped excavations often scattered over the surface of the gravelly heaths on some the hills, where they are formed in the process of digging out of the sands the occasional masses of conretionary sandstone, the almost only opportunities for studying the structue of the Bagshot sands are afforded by fresh roadside sections and railway cuttings. The fossils are as rare as the sections. The three genera† (for the species were not distinguishable) of testacea found by Mr. Warburton at Chobham; and the subsequent notice by Dr. Buckland in 1838 of the remains of fishes (including the determination of three new genera) at Goldsworthy, near Woking, comprise I believe all‡ at present known of the palæontology of the Bagshot sands§. Notwithstanding however the scantiness of their recent flora and the poverty of their ancient fauna, the Bagshot sands present many features of much
The effect of crystal size on geotechnical properties of Neogene gypsum in Crete

Abstract The gypsum deposits to the southwest of the city of Heraklion, northern Crete, have been widely used as a construction material from early times either as structural or ornamental stone or foundation rock. In the study area, they were exploited and used extensively for the construction of the Knossos Palace. Although gypsum is considered as a basically weak and soluble material, it has withstood the test of time and the occasional failure problems have been observed only recently after the excavations and especially after the completion of the early restoration works. The paper attempts to highlight the geotechnical properties of gypsum and relate them to the various gypsum formation mechanisms and environments.
On the Carboniferous shark Tristychius arcuatus Agassiz from Scotland

Synopsis Skeletal remains of Tristychius arcuatus commonly occur in ironstone nodules from the Scottish Upper and Lower Oil Shale Groups. This material is clearly distinguishable from the small shark from Glencartholm described by Traquair, Woodward and Moy-Thomas under this name. Study of the latter shows that its finspines are distinctly different from the holotype of T. arcuatus and, therefore, it has been renamed. Tristychius arcuatus sensu stricto is a medium-sized hybodont shark with a short gape, a functionally heterocercal tail and narrow-based, tribasal pectoral fins. Its most unusual feature is a well developed opercular gill cover composed of long hyoid rays. Evidence suggests that this character was present in several Palaeozoic sharks, although it is absent in all Recent elasmobranchs. It is not clear whether it was primitively present in chondrichthyans or evolved separately in several lineages. Hybodonts and ctenacanths are recognised as separate, specialised shark radiations, neither of which can be directly ancestral to Recent sharks. Of the two, hybodonts appear to be more closely related to Recent forms, although the presence of typical hybodont finspines in Tristychius arcuatus indicates that they had diverged from ancestral euselachians before the beginning of the Carboniferous.
The Fate of Angiotensin II in Placental Tissue and Blood

Abstract The existence of a non-canonical pathway of renin-angiotensin system in the blood pressure control system has been highlighted over the past three decades. The enzymes involved in this pathway include a series of angiotensinases such as neprilysin (NEP), aminopeptidase A (APA), carboxypeptidase, and angiotensin converting enzyme 2. The physiological roles of these peptidases have been reconsidered in this study, based on the publications of other research groups and the results from our previous study, regarding the liberation of constituent amino acids from angiotensin II by placenta tissue and blood serum, respectively.
Genetic and context‐specific effects on individual inhibitory control performance in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Among‐individual variation in cognitive traits, widely assumed to have evolved under adaptive processes, is increasingly being demonstrated across animal taxa. As variation among individuals is required for natural selection, characterizing individual differences and their heritability is important to understand how cognitive traits evolve. Here, we use a quantitative genetic study of wild‐type guppies repeatedly exposed to a ‘detour task’ to test for genetic variance in the cognitive trait of inhibitory control. We also test for genotype‐by‐environment interactions (GxE) by testing related fish under alternative experimental treatments (transparent vs. semi‐transparent barrier in the detour‐task). We find among‐individual variation in detour task performance, consistent with differences in inhibitory control. However, analysis of GxE reveals that heritable factors only contribute to performance variation in one treatment. This suggests that the adaptive evolutionary potential of inhibitory control (and/or other latent variables contributing to task performance) may be highly sensitive to environmental conditions. The presence of GxE also implies that the plastic response of detour task performance to treatment environment is genetically variable. Our results are consistent with a scenario where variation in individual inhibitory control stems from complex interactions between heritable and plastic components.
Secure Predictive Coordinated Control of High-Order Fully Actuated Networked Multiagent Systems Under Random DoS Attacks

This research addresses a coordinated control problem for high-order fully actuated networked multiagent systems (HOFANMASs) under random denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. A type of Bernoulli processes is exploited to denote the successful rate of launching random DoS attacks happened to the forward and feedback channels. When acting these attacks successfully, random data losses and disorders are caused in the forward and feedback channels. A high-order fully actuated (HOFA) secure predictive coordinated control scheme is provided to achieve the security coordination. In this scheme, a dynamic model of networked multiagent system is established with the help of a HOFA system model, which is called the HOFANMAS. Then, a prediction model in an incremental HOFA (IHOFA) form is developed by means of a Diophantine equation, which aims at constructing the multistep ahead output predictions for the optimization of coordinated control performance and the compensation of random data losses and disorders. Furthermore, a necessary and sufficient condition is proposed to analyze the consensus and stability of closed-loop HOFANMASs. The effectiveness and superiority of HOFA secure predictive control scheme can be demonstrated via simulated and experimental results of formation control for three air-bearing spacecraft (ABS) simulators.
Bjerknes Compensation and the Decadal Variability of the Energy Transports in a Coupled Climate Model

Abstract In the 1960s, Jacob Bjerknes suggested that if the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes and the oceanic heat storage did not vary too much, then the total energy transport by the climate system would not vary too much either. This implies that any large anomalies of oceanic and atmospheric energy transport should be equal and opposite. This simple scenario has become known as Bjerknes compensation. A long control run of the Third Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere General Circulation Model (HadCM3) has been investigated. It was found that northern extratropical decadal anomalies of atmospheric and oceanic energy transports are significantly anticorrelated and have similar magnitudes, which is consistent with the predictions of Bjerknes compensation. The degree of compensation in the northern extratropics was found to increase with increasing time scale. Bjerknes compensation did not occur in the Tropics, primarily as large changes in the surface fluxes were associated with large changes in the .
Climate characteristics and their relationship with soybean and maize yields in Argentina, Brazil and the United States

The impact of climate variability on exportable surpluses of maize and soya beans in producing/exporting countries is well known. This situation necessitates the study of climate variability and yields in some of the major producer countries (Argentina, Brazil and the United States). This study aims to characterize the climate regimes of each region, seeking the highest degree of regional homogeneity and representativeness of yields and climate variables. The series variability is analysed according to various effects (different stages of crop development and conditioning of yield). The temperatures and rainfall occurring during the flowering stage exert greater conditioning on yield at the end of the crop cycle. Different theoretical fit models of yield are obtained for both crops with climate information from their core areas of high production.
Heterologous expression of Dictyostelium discoideum NE81 in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveals conserved mechanoprotective roles of lamins

Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are ubiquitously found in metazoan cells, where they contribute to nuclear morphology, stability, and gene expression. Lamin-like sequences have recently been identified in distantly related eukaryotes, but it remains unclear if these proteins share conserved functions with the lamins found in metazoans. Here, we investigate conserved features between metazoan and amoebozoan lamins using a genetic complementation system to express the Dictyostelium discoideum lamin-like protein NE81 in mammalian cells lacking either specific lamins or all endogenous lamins. We report that NE81 localizes to the nucleus in cells lacking Lamin A/C, and that NE81 expression improves nuclear circularity, reduces nuclear deformability, and prevents nuclear envelope rupture in these cells. However, NE81 did not completely rescue loss of Lamin A/C, and was unable to restore normal distribution of metazoan lamin interactors, such as emerin and nuclear pore complexes, which are frequently displaced in Lamin A/C deficient cells. Collectively, our results indicate that the ability of lamins to modulate the morphology and mechanical properties of nuclei may have been a feature present in the common ancestor of Dictyostelium and animals, whereas other, more specialized interactions may have evolved more recently in metazoan lineages.
The transcriptional regulatory module CsHB5‐CsbZIP44 positively regulates abscisic acid‐mediated carotenoid biosynthesis in citrus (Citrus spp.)

Summary Carotenoids contribute to fruit coloration and are valuable sources of provitamin A in the human diet. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential role in fruit coloration during citrus fruit ripening, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we identified a novel bZIP transcription activator called CsbZIP44, which serves as a central regulator of ABA‐mediated citrus carotenoid biosynthesis. CsbZIP44 directly binds to the promoters of four carotenoid metabolism‐related genes (CsDXR, CsGGPPs, CsBCH1 and CsNCED2) and activates their expression. Furthermore, our research indicates that CsHB5, a positive regulator of ABA and carotenoid‐driven processes, activates the expression of CsbZIP44 by binding to its promoter. Additionally, CsHB5 interacts with CsbZIP44 to form a transcriptional regulatory module CsHB5‐CsbZIP44, which is responsive to ABA induction and promotes carotenoid accumulation in citrus. Interestingly, we also discover a positive feedback regulation loop between the ABA signal and carotenoid biosynthesis mediated by the CsHB5‐CsbZIP44 transcriptional regulatory module. Our findings show that CsHB5‐CsbZIP44 precisely modulates ABA signal‐mediated carotenoid metabolism, providing an effective strategy for quality improvement of citrus fruit and other crops.
Examination of the Land Surface Temperature Response for Santiago, Chile

The causes associated with the land surface temperature (LST) response of Santiago city and its rural surroundings are examined in an attempt to assess the surface urban heat island (SUHI). Seven Landsat and ASTER images acquired on summer mornings between 1998 and 2005 were processed. For each image LST was examined for urban and rural areas, and the main land-cover types, and then correlated with vegetation cover, soil moisture content, and albedo. At the time of data acquisition, the warmer conditions of the dry and poorly vegetated land-covers of the northern rural valley result in a negative SUHI intensity. Meanwhile, the colder conditions of the moist and well vegetated land-covers of the southern rural valley result in a positive SUHI intensity. The strong correlation coefficients retrieved between the above mentioned parameters for the rural area, support the wide thermal range associated with it, which is influenced by the high warming rate of its dry and poorly vegetated landcovers.
The Padstow Confrontation, north Cornwall: a reappraisal

The Gravel Caverns section, New Polzeath, north Cornwall, shows clear evidence of multiphase deformation. Tight F1 folds with axial planar S1 slaty cleavage are reported for the first time. These are deformed by north-verging F2 folds with a south-dipping spaced cleavage. The fold and fabric relationships are inconsistent with the widely accepted model of structural confrontation previously described for the region. This model is reassessed.
Submarine Ground Water Discharge and Salt Penetration Across the Sea Floor

Fresh ground water entering an estuary can be mixed with salt water in the upper few decimeters of the sediment. As a result, net measured discharge rates at the sediment‐water interface can be equal to the volume discharge of fresh ground water, although the salinity of the escaping water is high. Benthic chambers, vented to a collection bag, were used to measure specific volume discharge rates over ∼5 cm/day near the shoreline of a wide, shallow lagoon—Great South Bay, New York—situated at the surface of a coastal plain aquifer. These rates decreased to 1.5 cm/day at a distance of 100 m from shore. Although the flow rate is expected to be inversely correlated to the tidal water level elevation, and has been shown to be so modulated at other sites, no consistent variation in discharge with tidal phase was found; the tidal range (25 cm) may have been too small to have a measurable effect. Water collected at a particular location freshened over time from 30 to 23 ppt in 12 hours. Piezometers recorded vertical hydraulic gradients (at ambient salinity) between 0.08 and 0.02 in the upper meter of the sediment and the vertical hydraulic conductivity was measured by a falling head test to be between 1 and 20 m/day. The discharge rates calculated by Darcy's law decreased offshore from dozens of cm/day within 10 m of shore to 1.8 cm/day at a distance of 100 m, consistent with measured seepage rates. Conductivity measurements imply that pore water salinity decreases from ambient bay values at the sea floor to near fresh water values at a depth of 0.6 m into the sediment. The vertical downward dispersion coefficient for salt was estimated to be 0.02 m2/day. This could be due to the superposition of water wave‐induced dispersion in the sediment with gravitational convection (salt fingering).
Experiments on self-channelized subaqueous fans emplaced by turbidity currents and dilute mudflows

The passage of turbidity currents over submarine fans often results in intense channelization. The channels are typically bounded by levees, and they vary from mildly to strongly meandering. The process of self-channelization remains, however, somewhat obscure. Preliminary experiments reported here demonstrate for the first time that self-channelization of subaqueous fans by turbidity currents can be reproduced at laboratory scale. The same experiments also illustrate self-channelization by dilute mudflows. The resulting weakly sinuous channels can be predominantly depositional, predominantly erosional, or some combination of the two. The channels can elongate to the length of the entire reach available for their formation. They can show both gradual shift and avulsion. A necessary condition for the formation of intricate channelization in the laboratory experiments appears to be a turbidity current that is insufficient to cover the entire area of the fan at any given time. Loose field analogs to the experimental channelized fans (i.e., analogs that are imprecise but contain many similarities) can often be found at the distal end of submarine fans. Two possible examples are cited, one from the Pochnoi system, Bering Sea, and one from the Gulf of Cadiz.
N, N-dimethyltryptamine forms oxygenated metabolites via CYP2D6 - an in vitro investigation

Abstract N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a psychedelic compound that has shown potential in the treatment of depression. Aside from the primary role of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in DMT metabolism, the metabolic pathways are poorly understood. Increasing this understanding is an essential aspect of ensuring safe and efficacious use of DMT. This work aimed to investigate the cytochrome 450 (CYP) mediated metabolism of DMT by incubating DMT with recombinant human CYP enzymes and human liver microsomes (HLM) followed by analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry for metabolite identification. DMT was rapidly metabolised by CYP2D6, while stable with all other investigated CYP enzymes. The metabolism of DMT in HLM was reduced after inclusion of harmine and SKF-525A whereas quinidine did not affect the metabolic rate, likely due to MAO-A residues present in HLM. Analysis of the CYP2D6 incubates showed formation of mono-, di- and tri-oxygenated metabolites, likely as a result of hydroxylation on the indole core. More research is needed to investigate the role of this metabolic pathway in vivo and any pharmacological activity of the proposed metabolites. Our findings may impact on safety issues following intake of ayahuasca in slow CYP2D6 metabolizers or with concomitant use of CYP2D6 inhibitors.
Cognitive Effects of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease with GBA1 Pathogenic Variants

Genetic subtyping of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may assist in predicting the cognitive and motor outcomes of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS). Practical questions were recently raised with the emergence of new data regarding suboptimal cognitive outcomes after STN‐DBS in individuals with PD associated with pathogenic variants in glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA1‐PD). However, a variety of gaps and controversies remain. (1) Does STN‐DBS truly accelerate cognitive deterioration in GBA1‐PD? If so, what is the clinical significance of this acceleration? (2) How should the overall risk‐to‐benefit ratio of STN‐DBS in GBA1‐PD be established? (3) If STN‐DBS has a negative effect on cognition in GBA1‐PD, how can this effect be minimized? (4) Should PD patients be genetically tested before STN‐DBS? (5) How should GBA1‐PD patients considering STN‐DBS be counseled? We aim to summarize the currently available relevant data and detail the gaps and controversies that exist pertaining to these questions. In the absence of evidence‐based data, all authors strongly agree that clinicians should not categorically deny DBS to PD patients based solely on genotype (GBA1 status). We suggest that PD patients considering DBS may be offered genetic testing for GBA1, where available and feasible, so the potential risks and benefits of STN‐DBS can be properly weighed by both the patient and clinician. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Development of Management Stratigies Against Red Ant (Dorylus Orientalis Westwood) of Potato

Several management approaches against red ant of potato Dorylus orientalis (Westwood) were studied at farmer's field near Hill Agricultural Research Station, Khagrachari during 2008-09 and 2009-10 cropping seasons to find out the most effective management technique. Dursban 20 EC and Sevin 85 WP reduced red ant damage significantly. From both the season (2008-09 and 2009-10), three times application of Dursban 20 EC @ 5ml/lit of water around the root zone starting from 45 days after sowing of potato tuber at 10 days interval gave the lowest tuber infestation (17.28% and 10.68%) with (62.77% and 56.60%) infestation reduction over control closely followed by 3 times application of Sevin 85 WP @ 3 gm/lit of water (20.14% and 13.73%) with (85.77 % and 81.71%) infestation reduction over control. Both the season the highest infestation (46.41% and 75.06%) was recorded from the control treatment.
Predicting Sea Surface Temperatures in the North Indian Ocean with Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Networks

Prediction of monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) values has many applications ranging from climate predictions to planning of coastal activities. Past studies have shown usefulness of neural networks (NNs) for this purpose and also pointed to a need to do more experimentation to improve accuracy and reliability of the results. The present work is directed along these lines. It shows usefulness of the nonlinear autoregressive type of neural network vis-a-vis the traditional feed forward back propagation type. Neural networks were developed to predict monthly SST values based on 61-year data at six different locations around India over 1 to 12 months in advance. The nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) neural network was found to yield satisfactory predictions over all time horizons and at all selected locations. The results of the present study were more attractive in terms of prediction accuracy than those of an earlier work in the same region. The annual neural networks generally performed better than the seasonal ones, probably due to their relatively high fitting flexibility.
North Atlantic Interdecadal Variability: Oceanic response to the North Atlantic Oscillation (1865-1997)

Abstract In contrast to the atmosphere, knowledge about interdecadal variability of the North Atlantic circulation is relatively restricted. It is the objective of this study to contribute to understanding how the North Atlantic circulation responds to a forcing by the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) on interdecadal timescales. For this purpose, the authors analyze observed atmospheric and sea surface temperature (SST) data along with the response of an ocean general circulation model to a realistic monthly surface flux forcing that is solely associated with the NAO for the period 1865–1997. In agreement with previous studies, it is shown that the relationship between the local forcing by the NAO and observed SST anomalies on interdecadal timescales points toward the importance of oceanic dynamics in generating SST anomalies. A comparison between observed and modeled SST anomalies reveals that the model results can be used to assess interdecadal variability of the North Atlantic circulation. The observed.