Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The consistency of individual centrality across time and networks in wild vervet monkeys

Previous primate social network studies largely limited their focus to grooming and/or aggression networks, particularly among adult females. In addition, the consistency of individuals' network centrality across time and/or different networks has received little attention, despite this being critical for a global understanding of dynamic social structure. Here, we analyzed the grooming, aggression, and play social networks of a group of 26–28 wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), including adults and juveniles, over two periods of 6 months. We collected data on grooming, play, and aggression using focal animal sampling with instantaneous recording and ad libitum sampling. We examined whether individuals' network centralities were consistent over the two periods and across networks, as well as the effect of age, sex, and dominance rank on three individual centrality metrics in each network and within each study period. We found that individuals were quite consistent in their network position from 1 year to the next despite changes in group composition. However, their network centralities were not correlated across networks, except for Strength and weighted Eigenvector centrality between grooming and aggression networks. We also found that in the aggression network, high‐rankers showed the highest centrality in most network metrics (e.g., Degree, Strength, and Eigenvector centrality) and compared to males, females were most central in 2017 but not in 2018. In the grooming network, high‐ranking females had the highest Eigenvector centrality, whereas in the play network, juvenile males had the highest Eigenvector centrality. Our findings corroborate previous findings on vervet monkeys. In addition, they show that individuals' network centralities may vary among networks and over time; thus highlighting the effect of sociodemographics and behaviors' functions on the group level dynamics of social behavior.
Immunomodulation of dendritic cells by Lactobacillus reuteri surface components and metabolites

Lactic acid bacteria are commensal members of the gut microbiota and are postulated to promote host health. Secreted factors and cell surface components from Lactobacillus species have been shown to modulate the host immune system. However, the precise role of L. reuteri secreted factors and surface proteins in influencing dendritic cells (DCs) remains uncharacterized.
Genetic biomarkers for intravenous immunoglobulin response in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a clinical and electrophysiological heterogeneous immune‐mediated polyneuropathy. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), corticosteroids, and plasma exchange are proven effective treatments for CIDP. The clinical response to IVIg is variable between patients and currently unexplained. Finding biomarkers related to treatment response can help to understand the diversity of CIDP and personalise treatment choice.
The recombination of oxygen atoms at salt and oxide surfaces

The efficiencies with which surfaces of potassium chloride, lithium chloride, lead monoxide and molybdenum trioxide cause the removal of oxygen atoms produced in the gas phase by an electrodeless discharge have been determined. It has been shown that the process occurring at potassium and lithium chloride surfaces is first order. Their activity at room temperature is about the same as that of glass, but, with both, it increases approximately one hundred fold as the temperature is raised to 400° C. Both surfaces show hysteresis on cooling, and it is probable that this is related to the loss and subsequent recovery of water by the surface. Molybdenum and lead oxide are much more active at room temperature than glass, the activity of the latter increasing with rise of temperature. The effect of temperature on the activity of a molybdenum oxide surface is uncertain. The mechanism of oxygen atom removal at both glass and the above surfaces has been discussed. It is concluded that, with glass and the oxides, the most probable mechanism is that oxygen atoms from the gas phase react with combined oxygen atoms in the surface, and that the defects so caused are eliminated rapidly from the gas phase.
Revision Anterior Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A National Analysis of the Associated Indications, Procedures, and Postoperative Outcomes

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objective: To examine the associated indications, procedures, and postoperative outcomes after revision ACDA. Methods: We utilized a national database to identify adult(≥18 years) patients who underwent either a primary ACDA or removal of ACDA over a 10-year period(2008-2017). An in-depth assessment of the reasons for revision surgery and the subsequent procedures performed after the removal of ACDA was done by using both Current Procedural Terminology(CPT) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-9,10) coding. Results: From 2008 to 2017, a total of 3,350 elective, primary ACDA cases were performed. During this time, 69 patients had a revision surgery requiring the removal of ACDA. The most common reasons for revision surgery included cervical spondylosis(59.4%) and mechanical complications(27.5%). After removal of ACDA, common procedures performed included anterior cervical fusion with or without decompression(69.6%), combined anterior/posterior fusion/decompression (11.6%), and replacement of ACDA (7.2%). The indications for surgery did not vary significantly among the different procedures performed (p = 0.318). Patients requiring revision surgery for mechanical complications or those who underwent a combined surgical approach were at significantly higher risk for subsequent short-term complications (p<0.05). Conclusion: Over a 10-year period, the rate of revision surgery for ACDA was low (2.1%). Nearly 90% of revision cases were due to either cervical spondylosis or mechanical complications. These indications for surgery did not vary significantly among the different procedures performed. These findings will be important during the shared-decision making process for patients undergoing primary or revision ACDA.
Uptake of Ni(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Kaolinite and Montmorillonite: Influence of Acid Activation of the Clays

Abstract Kaolinite and montmorillonite were treated with 0.25 M H2SO4 and the acid activated clays along with the parent clays were tested for their uptake capacity for Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution. The batch adsorption experiments were conducted under a set of variables (concentration of Ni(II) ion, amount of clay, pH, time and temperature of interaction). Increasing pH favored Ni(II) uptake till the ions were precipitated as the insoluble hydroxides at pH > 8.0. The uptake was rapid up to 40 min and equilibrium was obtained within 180 min. The kinetics of the process was evaluated by subjecting the results to a number of models like the pseudo-first order, second order, Elovich equation, liquid film diffusion, and intra-particle diffusion and it was found that the data more closely resembled a second order process. The experimental data conformed to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms showing that the interactions were mostly chemical in nature. The clays had reasonable monolayer adsorption capacity of 10.4, 11.9, 28.4, and 29.5 mg g−1 for kaolinite, acid activated kaolinite, montmorillonite, and acid-activated montmorillonite respectively. Montmorillonite had much better adsorption capacity than kaolinite and the acid activation boosted the adsorption capacity of both kaolinite and montmorillonite. The interactions were exothermic in nature, accompanied by decrease in both entropy and Gibbs energy. The results have established good potentiality for kaolinite, montmorillonite and their acid-activated forms to take up and separate Ni(II) from aqueous medium through adsorption-mediated immobilization.
Effects of Preferred and Non-Preferred Warm-Up Music on Resistance Exercise Performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to preferred and non-preferred warm-up music on upper-body resistance exercise performance. Resistance-trained males (ages 18–24) participated in two separate bench press trials each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred warm-up music (PREF) or non-preferred warm-up music (NON-PREF). In each trial, participants listened to PREF or NON-PREF music during a standardized bench press warm-up. Following the warm-up, motivation to exercise was measured using a visual analog scale followed by two sets × repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1-RM separated by 1 min of rest. A linear position transducer was used to measure mean barbell velocity. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained after each set. RTF, velocity, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. RTF were significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trail (p = 0.001) while mean barbell velocity remained unchanged (p = 0.777). RPE was not significantly different between PREF and NON-PREF trials (p = 0.735). Motivation to exercise was significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trial (p < 0.001). Findings show that listening to PREF music during a warm-up improves subsequent RTF performance during bench press exercise. However, barbell velocity was largely unaffected. While perceived exertion was similar between trials, motivation to exercise was markedly increased during the PREF warm-up music trial. These findings suggest that competitors listening to warm-up music before giving maximal effort during resistance exercise could optimize performance by ensuring self-selection of their own preferred music.
Towards a Reduced In Silico Model Predicting Biochemical Recurrence After Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer

<italic>Objective:</italic> Purposes of this work were i) to develop an <italic>in silico</italic> model of tumor response to radiotherapy, ii) to perform an exhaustive sensitivity analysis in order to iii) propose a simplified version and iv) to predict biochemical recurrence with both the comprehensive and the reduced model. <italic>Methods:</italic> A multiscale computational model of tumor response to radiotherapy was developed. It integrated the following radiobiological mechanisms: oxygenation, including hypoxic death; division of tumor cells; VEGF diffusion driving angiogenesis; division of healthy cells and oxygen-dependent response to irradiation, considering, cycle arrest and mitotic catastrophe. A thorough sensitivity analysis using the Morris screening method was performed on 21 prostate computational tissues. Tumor control probability (TCP) curves of the comprehensive model and 15 reduced versions were compared. Logistic regression was performed to predict biochemical recurrence after radiotherapy on 76 localized prostate cancer patients using an output of the comprehensive and the reduced models. <italic>Results:</italic> No significant difference was found between the TCP curves of the comprehensive and a simplified version which only considered oxygenation, division of tumor cells and their response to irradiation. Biochemical recurrence predictions using the comprehensive and the reduced models improved those made from pre-treatment imaging parameters (AUC = 0.81 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.02 and 0.82 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.02 vs. 0.75 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.03, respectively). <italic>Conclusion:</italic> A reduced model of tumor response to radiotherapy able to predict biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer was obtained. <italic>Significance:</italic> This reduced model may be used in the future to optimize personalized fractionation schedules.
Current intravitreal therapy and ocular hypertension: A review

To determine the effect of commonly used intravitreal agents on immediate and long-term IOP elevations and their association, if any, with glaucoma. Literature searches in PubMed and the Cochrane databased in January 2020 yielded 407 individual articles. Of these, 87 were selected for review based on our inclusion criteria. Based on the evidence provided, 20 were assigned level I, 27 level II, and 22 level III. Eight articles were rejected because of poor quality, insufficient clarity, or irrelevance based on standardized protocols set out by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. The studies that reported on short-term IOP elevation (i.e., between 0 and 60 min) showed that an immediate increase in IOP is seen in all patients who receive anti-VEGF agents or triamcinolone acetonide when measured between 0 and 30 min of intravitreal injection and that the IOP elevation decreases over time. The data on long-term IOP elevation were mixed; Pretreatment with glaucoma medications, anterior chamber tap, vitreous reflux, longer intervals between injections, and longer axial lengths were associated with lower IOP elevations after injection of anti-VEGF agents, while the position of the implant vis-à-vis, the anterior chamber was important for steroid therapy. Data were mixed on the relationship between IOP increase and the type of intravitreal injection, number of intravitreal injections, preexisting glaucoma, and globe decompression before injection. There were no data on the onset or progression of glaucoma in the studies reviewed in this assessment. However, some studies demonstrated RNFL thinning in patients receiving chronic anti-VEGF therapy. Most, if not all, intravitreal agents cause ocular hypertension, both in the short term and long term. The functional consequences of these observations are not very clear.
The Effects of Paired versus Sequential Stimulation on Speech Recognition Outcomes of Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients

Purpose: Cochlear implant (CI) sound-processing strategies are important to the overall success of a CI recipient. This study aimed to determine the effects of 2 Advanced Bionics (AB) CI-processing strategies, Optima-S and Optima-P, on speech recognition outcomes in adult CI users. Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed at a tertiary academic medical center. Seventeen post-lingually deafened adult CI users (median age = 58.6 years; age range: 23.5–78.9 years) with long-term use of a paired sound-processing strategy (Optima-P) were reprogrammed with a sequential strategy (Optima-S). Demographic data and speech recognition scores with pre- and post-intervention analyses were collected and compared with respect to the 95% confidence interval for common CI word and sentence recognition tests. Results: Using Optima-S sound-processing strategy, all patients (100%) performed equivalent or better on word and sentence testing than with Optima-P. More specifically, 17.6, 41.2, and 58.8% of the patients performed above the 95% confidence interval for speech recognition conditions of monosyllabic words, sentences in quiet, and sentences in noise, respectively. All patients (100%) selected Optima-S as their preferred strategy for future CI use. Conclusion: Speech recognition performance with Optima-S processing strategy was stable or improved compared to results with Optima-P in all tested conditions, and subjective preference of Optima-S was selected by all patients. Given these results, CI clinicians should consider programming AB CI users with Optima-S sound-processing strategy to optimize overall speech recognition performance.
Recycling of Primary Lithium Batteries Production Residues

Abstract Production waste of primary lithium batteries constitutes a considerable secondary lithium feedstock. Although the recycling of lithium batteries is a widely studied field of research, the metallic residues of non‐rechargeable lithium battery production are disposed of as waste without further recycling. The risks of handling metallic Li on a large scale typically prevent the metal from being recycled. A way out of this situation is to handle Li in an aqueous solution, from where it can be isolated as Li2CO3. However, the challenge in hydrometallurgical treatment lies in the high energy release during dissolution and generation of H2. To reduce these process‐related risks, the Li sheet metal punching residues underwent oxidative thermal treatment from 300 to 400 °C prior to dissolution in water. Converting Li metal to Li2O in this initial process step results in an energy release reduction of ∼70 %. The optimal oxidation conditions have been determined by experimental design varying three factors: temperature, Li metal sheet thickness, and residence time. With 96.9±2.6 % almost the entire Li amount is converted to Li2O, after 2.5 h treatment at 400 °C for a Li sheet thickness of 1.99 mm. Final precipitation with CO2 yields 85.5±3.0 % Li2CO3. Using pure Li sheets, the product Li2CO3 is obtained in battery‐grade quality (>99.5 %). Non‐precipitated Li is recirculated into the process on the stage of dissolving Li2O, thus avoiding loss of material.
Tuberculosis in Children Hospitalized in a Low-burden Country: Description and Risk Factors of Severe Disease.

BACKGROUND In high-income countries, few pediatric studies have described the clinical expression of tuberculosis (TB) according to age, and their results are discordant. Patients <2 years of age are usually considered to be at higher risk for severe disease than older children. Our aim was to better describe pediatric TB disease severity in a low-incidence country. METHODS All children (<18 years of age) admitted with TB disease to the Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, between 1992 and 2015 were included. Patients were classified by the severity of TB disease based on the original classification of Wiseman et al. Risk factors associated with severity were analyzed. RESULTS We included 304 patients with a median age of 9.9 years (interquartile range 3.3-13.3) and a male to female ratio of 1.04. Overall, 280/304 (92%) were classified: 168/304 (55%) were classified as showing severe TB and 112/304 (37%) as showing non-severe TB. Central nervous system disease was more frequent among patients <2 years of age than patients 2-17 years of age (5/54; 9% vs. 5/229; 2% P = 0.024). An age of ≥10 years (P = 0.001) and being born abroad (P = 0.011) were both associated with disease severity in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, diagnosis through symptom-based screening was independently associated with severity (odds ratio 7.1, 95% confidence interval: 3.9-12.9, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This description of the clinical spectrum of pediatric TB in a low-burden setting demonstrates that adolescents are the group most at risk of experiencing severe TB.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Quinolones.

Over recent years, the consumption of quinolones as first-line treatment has increased, leading to a growth in incidence of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to this group of antibiotics. Both diagnosis and management of HSRs to quinolones are complex and controversial. These practical guidelines aim to provide recommendations for an effective clinical practice. With this purpose, an expert panel reviewed the literature regarding HSRs to quinolones and analyzed controversies in this area. Most HSRs to these drugs are immediate and severe, being the risk for HSR higher in subjects who reported allergy to betalactams, moxifloxacin-induced anaphylaxis and immediate reactions (IRs) compared with patients who reported reactions to quinolones inducing other symptoms. Regarding diagnosis of HSRs to quinolones, the usefulness of skin tests is controversial, with sensitivity and specificity varying among studies. Most in vitro tests are produced in-house, with no validated commercial ones and basophil activation test being useful for diagnosing IRs although with diverse results regarding sensitivity. Drug provocation test is nowadays the gold standard for confirming or excluding the diagnosis as well as to find safe alternatives, although contraindicated for severe reactions. Cross-reactivity among quinolones is controversial among different studies, with the lowest cross-reactivity for levofloxacin. Desensitization may be considered in allergy to quinolones when no other alternative exist.
The effect of different irrigation solutions on fracture healing in a rat femur fracture model

Objectives This study aims to evaluate and compare radiological, biomechanical, histopathological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical effects of povidone iodine (PVP-I), hydrogen peroxide (HPO) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) on fracture healing in their minimum cytotoxic and most efficient concentrations. Materials and methods This experimental animal study, conducted between April 2018 and January 2019, included 48 male Sprague Dawley® rats (weighing 356 g; aging 9 weeks) which were randomly divided into four groups: control (saline), HPO, PVP-I and CHG. Rat model of femoral fracture was established and intramedullary fixation was applied. Solutions were applied to fracture region in determined concentration and time, and all subjects were sacrificed on Day 28. Extracted femurs were investigated radiologically by micro-computed tomography. Then, all groups were divided into two random groups to be evaluated biomechanically, histopathologically, histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically. Results In histopathological evaluation, inflammation score of CHG group was significantly lower than other groups, and inflammation score of PVP-I group was significantly lower than control and HPO groups (p<0.05). Biomechanically, flexural strength (σbend) (megapascal) values of CHG and control groups showed similar results, but there was no significant difference between all groups (p>0.05). In immunohistochemical localization of bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-4, osteoblast and chondroblast histoscores (H-scores) of HPO group were significantly lower than other groups, and chondroblast H-score in CHG group was lower than control and PVP-I groups (p<0.05). In immunohistochemical localization of BMP-7, osteoblast H-score was significantly higher in CHG group than other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion We determined that CHG 0.05% solution had no negative effect on the fourth week of fracture healing histopathologically, immunohistochemically and biomechanically, and is an alternative irrigative to normal saline.
Neurovascular coupling alterations in type 2 diabetes: a 5-year longitudinal MRI study

Introduction Respective alterations in resting-state brain neural activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported. However, their coupling alteration in T2DM remains largely unknown. Research design and methods Twenty-seven patients with T2DM aged 40–67 years and 36 well-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) scans at two time points with a 5-year interval. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and CBF were calculated from rs-fMRI and ASL, respectively. The standardized ReHo:CBF ratio (mReHo:mCBF ratio), the spontaneous neuronal activity per unit CBF supply, was compared between the two time points. Relationships between the mReHo:mCBF ratio and memory performance were analyzed. Results Over 5 years, decreased mReHo:mCBF ratios in patients with T2DM were mainly distributed in four regions, among which the left insula exhibited more severely decreased mReHo:mCBF ratio in patients with T2DM than in HCs, while the left postcentral gyrus, the right Rolandic operculum, and the right precentral gyrus showed no significant intergroup difference. Correlations between the mReHo:mCBF ratio and memory performance were also found in patients with T2DM. Conclusions This study suggests that T2DM may accelerate neurovascular coupling impairment in specific brain regions (the left insula), contributing to memory decline. This study implies that the mReHo:mCBF ratio is a potential imaging marker for detecting neurovascular changes.