Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residual Bioprosthetic Valve Immunogenicity: Forgotten, Not Lost

Despite early realization of the need to control inherent immunogenicity of bioprosthetic replacement heart valves and thereby mitigate the ensuing host response and its associated pathology, including dystrophic calcification, the problem remains unresolved to this day. Concerns over mechanical stiffness associated with prerequisite high cross-link density to effect abrogation of this response, together with the insinuated role of leaching glutaraldehyde monomer in subsequent dystrophic mineralization, have understandably introduced compromises. These have become so entrenched as a benchmark standard that residual immunogenicity of the extracellular matrix has seemingly been relegated to a very subordinate role. Instead, focus has shifted toward the removal of cellular compartment antigens renowned for their implication in the failure of vascularized organ xenotransplants. While decellularization certainly offers advantages, this review aims to refocus attention on the unresolved matter of the host response to the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, by implicating remnant immune and inflammatory processes to bioprosthetic valve pathology, including pannus overgrowth and mineralization, the validity of a preeminent focus on decellularization, in the context of inefficient antigen and possible residual microbial remnant removal, is questioned.
From Synapses to Circuits, Astrocytes Regulate Behavior

Astrocytes are non-neuronal cells that regulate synapses, neuronal circuits, and behavior. Astrocytes ensheath neuronal synapses to form the tripartite synapse where astrocytes influence synapse formation, function, and plasticity. Beyond the synapse, recent research has revealed that astrocyte influences on the nervous system extend to the modulation of neuronal circuitry and behavior. Here we review recent findings on the active role of astrocytes in behavioral modulation with a focus on in vivo studies, primarily in mice. Using tools to acutely manipulate astrocytes, such as optogenetics or chemogenetics, studies reviewed here have demonstrated a causal role for astrocytes in sleep, memory, sensorimotor behaviors, feeding, fear, anxiety, and cognitive processes like attention and behavioral flexibility. Current tools and future directions for astrocyte-specific manipulation, including methods for probing astrocyte heterogeneity, are discussed. Understanding the contribution of astrocytes to neuronal circuit activity and organismal behavior will be critical toward understanding how nervous system function gives rise to behavior.
A Review of Observations of Molecular Ions in the Earth’s Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System

Ionospheric molecular ions, such as NO+, N 2 + and O 2 + , are gravitationally bound, and are expected to undergo recombination to form a pair of neutral atoms, due to short dissociative recombination lifetime. Therefore, they are expected to be relatively cold in the Earth’s atmosphere, compared with light ions such as H+ and He+, or even heavier ions such as N+ or O+. However, several spacecraft missions observed their presence in the high-altitude ionosphere and the magnetosphere, predominantly during the geomagnetically active times. This hints to the possibility that molecular ions have the ability to acquire sufficient energy in a very short time, and can be used as tracers of mass differentiated vertical transport to understand the mechanisms responsible for “fast ionospheric outflow” and, In this letter, we review the observational data sets that reported on the abundances of molecular ions in the Earth’s magnetosphere-ionosphere system, starting from their first observations by the Sputnik III mission, to the current Arase (ERG) satellite and Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e-POP) missions. The available data suggests that molecular ions are quite abundant in the lower atmosphere at all times, but are only seen in the high-altitude ionosphere and magnetosphere during the times of increased geomagnetic activity.
A High-Density Genetic Map Enables Genome Synteny and QTL Mapping of Vegetative Growth and Leaf Traits in Gardenia

The gardenia is a traditional medicinal horticultural plant in China, but its molecular genetic research has been largely hysteretic. Here, we constructed an F1 population with 200 true hybrid individuals. Using the genotyping-by-sequencing method, a high-density sex-average genetic map was generated that contained 4,249 SNPs with a total length of 1956.28 cM and an average genetic distance of 0.46 cM. We developed 17 SNP-based Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR markers and found that 15 SNPs were successfully genotyped, of which 13 single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypings of 96 F1 individuals showed genotypes consistent with GBS-mined genotypes. A genomic collinearity analysis between gardenia and the Rubiaceae species Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora and Ophiorrhiza pumila showed the relativity strong conservation of LG11 with NC_039,919.1, HG974438.1 and Bliw01000011.1, respectively. Lastly, a quantitative trait loci analysis at three phenotyping time points (2019, 2020, and 2021) yielded 18 QTLs for growth-related traits and 31 QTLs for leaf-related traits, of which qBSBN7-1, qCD8 and qLNP2-1 could be repeatably detected. Five QTL regions (qCD8 and qSBD8, qBSBN7 and qSI7, qCD4-1 and qLLLS4, qLNP10 and qSLWS10-2, qSBD10 and qLLLS10) with potential pleiotropic effects were also observed. This study provides novel insight into molecular genetic research and could be helpful for further gene cloning and marker-assisted selection for early growth and development traits in the gardenia.
Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury Using a Dual Enzyme Embedded Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Cascade That Catalyzes In Vivo Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging

Significant advances have been made in recent years for the utilization of natural enzymes with antioxidant properties to treat acute kidney injury (AKI). However, these enzymes have been of limited clinical utility because of their limited cellular uptake, poor pharmacokinetic properties, and suboptimal stability. We employed a novel biomimetic mineralization approach to encapsulate catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). Next, this SOD@CAT@ZIF-8 complex was anchored with MPEG2000-COOH to yield an MPEG2000-SOD@CAT@ZIF-8 (PSCZ) composite. The composite was then used as a stable tool with antioxidant properties for the integrated cascade-based treatment of AKI, remarkably improved intracellular enzyme delivery. This dual-enzyme-embedded metal-organic framework could effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, the ZIF-8-based “armor plating” represents an effective means of shielding enzymes with improved therapeutic utility to guide the precision medicine-based treatment of AKI.
The Association Between COVID-19 and Thyroxine Levels: A Meta-Analysis

Objectives Recently, a number of reports have described the potential relationship between COVID-19 and thyroid hormones, but the results were conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of the severity of COVID-19 on thyroid-related hormones and the effect of thyroid-related hormones on the outcome of COVID-19 in order to try to confirm the association between the serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the severity or mortality of coronavirus-19 patients. Methods The methodology was already registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database, and the protocol number is CRD42021269246. Systematic searches were carried out on the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases on November 15, 2021. We set up the literature search strategy based on the following keywords: [(T3 OR FT3 OR triiodothyronine) or (T4 OR FT4 OR thyroxine) or (TSH or thyrotropin)] and (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2), without time restrictions. Results Twenty studies satisfied the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 3609 patients were enrolled in the study. From the analysis of the included studies, the incidence of thyroid-related hormone abnormalities was higher in patients with severe COVID-19, and the serum levels of FT3 and TSH were lower than those of patients with nonsevere COVID-19. However, the difference in the FT4 levels was not significant. Similar characteristics were shown between survivors and nonsurvivors. In addition, the outcomes of the meta-analysis showed that patients with abnormal thyroid-related hormones had greater mortality. Conclusions Low FT3 serum levels, low FT4 serum levels and low TSH serum levels may increase the mortality of COVID-19 patients during admission. On the other hand, the higher the severity level of COVID-19, the higher the probability of decreases in the FT3, FT4, TSH levels.
Extracellular Vesicles as a New Promising Therapy in HIV Infection

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) effectively blocks HIV replication but cannot completely eliminate HIV from the body mainly due to establishment of a viral reservoir. To date, clinical strategies designed to replace cART for life and alternatively to eliminate the HIV reservoir have failed. The reduced expression of viral antigens in the latently infected cells is one of the main reasons behind the failure of the strategies to purge the HIV reservoir. This situation has forced the scientific community to search alternative therapeutic strategies to control HIV infection. In this regard, recent findings have pointed out extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents with enormous potential to control HIV infection. This review focuses on their role as pro-viral and anti-viral factors, as well as their potential therapeutic applications.
Turbine Blade Aerodynamic Wall Shear Stress Measurements and Predictions

The correct prediction of the aerodynamic wall shear stress is a good test of a numerical codes ability to predict profile loss. Its measurement with heated thin film gauges is significantly easier than attempting a complete measurement of a turbine blade boundary layer. A modified form of previously published heated thin film gauge calibrations allow wall shear stress measurement in laminar incompressible flow with favourable pressure gradients and turbulent incompressible flows with small pressure gradients. In this paper, measurements are presented of the distribution of aerodynamic wall shear stress over the suction surface of a turbine blade in a linear cascade. Gauge voltage signal analyses show a laminar separation bubble between about 53% and 63% of suction surface length that is confirmed by surface flow visualisation. By-pass transition is detected by downstream gauges. Wall shear stress measurements are presented at two cascade incidence angles and for tripped and natural transition. The commercial code FLUENT is used to predict the surface pressure distribution, the aerodynamic wall shear stress distribution in the laminar region and the turbulent surface shear distribution for the tripped boundary layer. Comparisons are made between measurements and predictions.Copyright © 1998 by ASME
Analyzing ADV Data Using WinADV

Since their introduction in 1993, acoustic Doppler velocity meters (ADV's) have quickly become valuable tools for laboratory and field investigations of flow in rivers, canals, reservoirs, the oceans, and around hydraulic structures and in laboratory scale models. The post-processing and analysis of ADV data present unique requirements compared to traditional current-metering equipment, due to the types of data obtained, the analyses that are possible, and the need for filtering of the data to ensure that technical limitations of ADV's do not adversely affect the quality of the results. One useful software tool for this purpose is the WinADV program, written by the author for use in the Bureau of Reclamation's Water Resources Research Laboratory, and made available to the public via the Internet since 1996. The program is designed for post-processing of real time data files (*. adv files) recorded by SonTek and Nortek ADV's, and offers powerful filtering and processing options that make it valuable for field and laboratory studies. The software has been regularly upgraded to maintain compatibility with new file formats, and also now has limited capability to analyze data collected by SonTek's Argonaut series of monostatic Doppler current meters. This paper describes the software and illustrates the application of some of its advanced features to typical hydraulic measurement situations.
Evaluating the Adoption of Open Source Software

The understanding of the viability, competitiveness, and challenges of using open source software has important implications for the understanding of its adoption. However, one important problem is the paucity of contextual, valid and generalizable frameworks for understanding the adoption of open source software. In contributing to address this important issue, this paper presents a theory-grounded framework for understanding factors and their influence in the adoption of open source software. The framework has been developed based on the decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB), through the augmentation of the research areas of the adoption of open source software and the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) in small businesses. We show that the exploratory and explanatory capabilities of the framework provides simple concepts for researchers seeking to develop valid and generalizable research models and
Cyclodextrin/Adamantane-Grafted Polyethylene Glycol–Based Self-assembling Constructs for Topical Delivery of Ketorolac Tromethamine: Formulation, Characterization, and In Vivo Studies

Topical formulation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exhibits many advantages over the oral administration route, such as avoiding the direct effect on GIT and avoiding the poor oral bioavailability of such drugs. Our study aims to develop a new self-assembling construct based on the hydrophobic interaction between adamantane terminated poly (ethylene glycol) polymers and polymerized β-cyclodextrin. The viscous constructs were developed from direct mixing of host and guest polymer solutions, indicating spontaneous formation without cross-linkers. The modified system was evaluated by different analyses, including X-ray diffractometry, electron microscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and rheological analysis. Moreover, such a system’s ability for drug loading and release was investigated via the in vitro release of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) as a model of NSAIDs. Finally, the prepared formulas were applied on a rat paw edema model to prove the enhanced anti-inflammatory activities. The obtained results indicated that the modified constructs have a rubbery porous structure with an amorphous nature. Also, from rheological results, the modified system exhibited a viscous behavior with higher loss modulus (G″) compared with storage (G′). The inclusion complexation between cyclodextrin and adamantane moieties was proved by the recorded high binding constants with a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. Furthermore, the results showed the successful KT incorporation into the modified system and quantitatively released through a semi-permeable membrane in a sustained fashion (over 24 h). Finally, the in vivo results of the medicated constructs showed a significant inhibition of the induced inflammation and swelling, indicating that the modified construct has a great utility for safe non-irritating topical delivery applications.
Role of MRI in the diagnosis of ankle diseases

Introduction Hindfoot and ankle pain is commonly seen in a wide range of patients. MRI has made remarkable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of many musculoskeletal diseases, especially those of the ankle and foot. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MRI in the diagnosis of ankle diseases. Patients and methods This study was carried out on 50 patients of either sex with a major ankle pain complaint using 1.5 T MRI over 6 months in the Radiology Department of Assiut University Hospital. Results Ligament tears were found in 28% of patients; an anterior talofibular ligament was commonly torn followed by deltoid ligament tears. Achilles tendon pathology was found in 14% of patients, retrocalcaneal bursitis was seen in 4%, osseous lesions were found in 54% of patients, stress fractures in 4%, osteomyelitis in 6%, bone marrow edema in 32%, and degenerative osteoarthritis in 12%. Soft tissue edema and cellulitis was seen in 12%, posterior impingement in 8%, sinus tarsi edema in 4%, anterior impingement in 2%, plantar fasciitis in 2%, and Os navicular syndrome in 2%. Conclusion MRI is the method of choice for the diagnosis of other modalities-free-painful ankle joints. It detects subtle abnormalities or detailed anatomical mapping of the disease process which allows precise diagnosis that is effective in further management of these patients.
Economic Efficiency Of Hoaloc-Mango Between Cooperative and Non-cooperative Farmer Groups In Vietnam

The study investigated the determinants of economic efficiency among Hoaloc-mango growers in Vietnam. The result revealed that the mean economic efficiency of the cooperative farmer group was greater than that of the non-cooperative farmer group in seasons 1, and 2, and less than in season 3. The positive determinants of the economic efficiency of the cooperative farmer group were age, and education in season 1, credit access in seasons 2, and wrapping bag and classifying sale in season 3, while the negative factors were farming experience, credit access, payment for the agro-input wholesaler, market access, classifying sale, plant density in season 1, age, education, credit access, wrapping bag, market access in season 2, and farming experience, credit access, and plant density in season 3. The positive factors of EE in the non-cooperative farmer group were credit access, and plant density in seasons 1, credit access, and market access in season 2, and farming experience, classifying sale, and plant density in season 3. On the other hand, the negative determinants of economic efficiency of non-cooperative farmer group were age, wrapping bag in season 1, education, farming experience, and classifying sale in season 2, and age, education, and payment for the agro-input wholesaler in season 3.
Effect of foliar application of macro and micro nutrients on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A field study was carried out at Agronomy research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Kharif season 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of foliar application of macro and micro nutrients on growth attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The Experiment consist of 10 treatments viz. T1Control, T2 100% RDF, T3 125% RDF, T475% RDF, T5 75 RDF + 25% Nitrogen through FYM, T6 75% RDF + Urea @ 2.0% (Two spray at tillering + panicle in all treatments), T7 75% RDF + WSCF @ 0.5% (19:19:19),T8 75% RDF + ZnSO4 @ 0.5%+ Boron @ 0.25%, T9 75% RDF + Urea @ 2.0% + ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.25% and T10 75% RDF + WSCF @ 0.5% (19:19:19) + ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.25%. The result revealed that among all the treatments, T10 treatment registered maximum Plant height, No. of tillers, dry matter accumulations, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate.
Human Voice in Evolutionary Perspective

Introduction The human voice is a remarkable, multi-faceted instrument that has been studied and discussed by scholars throughout recorded history. Modern scientific study has revealed much about its fundamental properties, such as the physics and physiology of vocal-fold action, the causes and consequences of vocal impairment, and the rich, varied articulatory maneuvers used among the world’s many languages. While inquiry has typically been prompted by issues concerning speech communication or vocal performance, work on vocalization in nonhumans is inspiring new questions and insights about the voice from an evolutionary perspective. A major goal in this approach is to understand how and why the human voice has come to have its current, particular form. The premise is that the basic biological forces shaping vocalization in other species have also been important in humans—creating basic commonalities that arguably transcend the many obvious differences that exist between human and nonhuman communication. This article is intended as an introduction to some of the issues that arise in understanding the voice in evolutionary terms. The source-filter model of vocalization will be central throughout, explaining vocal production as a combination of laryngeal energy and vocal-tract resonance. While originally developed in speech science, it is now widely applied to nonhuman vocalization as well. Indexical cuing is a second underlying theme, referring to acoustic aspects of the voice and vocal signals that are correlated with important vocalizer characteristics such as sex, identity, age, and emotional state. Both source-filter production and indexical cuing are deeply rooted in the phylogeny of human vocalization, which becomes clear in reviewing our species’ mammalian and primate pasts. Commonalities are especially clear in sex and identity cuing, with sex differences in vocal anatomy and acoustics in particular having inspired a flurry of recent, exciting studies connecting cues from pitch and resonance to vocalizer fitness and reproductive success.
Current Research in Psychology and Behavioral Science (CRPBS) Cheating Behavior Perspectives among University Students

Cheating behaviour is a form of academic misconduct or academic fraud that has become a serious phenomenon among university students. The issue of cheating behaviour is a worldwide problem. This research was study either the cheating method, individual factors, academic environment, ethical factors, technology and attitude will give effect on the cheating behavior. A total of 380 from public university students in northern region of Malaysia were involved in this study. The time horizon of the study was six months. The data was analysed using pearson correlation and regression analysis. Results showed that academic environments and cheating method play the most influencing factors towards cheating behavior among university students.
Phase tracking algorithms detect both real and imaginary components of outer hair cell nonlinear membrane capacitance that exhibits dielectric loss

Outer hair cell (OHC) nonlinear membrane capacitance (NLC) represents voltage-dependent sensor charge movements within prestin (SLC26a5) that drive OHC electromotility. Dielectric loss, a shift in charge movement phase from purely “capacitive” to “resistive”, is likely indicative of prestin’s interaction with the viscous lipid bilayer and has been suggested to correspond to prestin power output. The frequency response of NLC in OHC membrane patches has been measured with phase tracking and complex capacitance methodologies. While the latter approach can directly determine the presence of dielectric loss by assessing charge movement both in and out of phase with driving voltage, the former has been suggested to fail in this regard. Here we show that standard phase tracking in the presence of dielectric loss does indeed register this loss. Such estimates of NLC correspond to the absolute magnitude of complex NLC, indicating that total charge movement regardless of phase is assessed, thereby validating past and present measures of NLC frequency response that limits its effectiveness at high frequencies. This observation has important implications for understanding prestin’s role in cochlear amplification.