Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Manufacturing Technology Type on Cost Structure: Evidence from Egypt

This research investigates the impact of contingency factors on the sophistication of costing systems in Tunisia. Sophistication is analyzed by using the following criteria: ABC systems, full costing systems, the number of cost pools in the first stage of allocation and the number of cost drivers in the second stage of allocation. Data were collected through a questionnaire next to 68 companies having a costing system. Findings show that contingency factors affect the sophistication of costing systems and that company’s strategy and product diversity are the most important factors. These two contingency factors are related to different dimensions of the sophistication. Moreover, big-sized companies and manufacturing companies are more likely to adopt ABC. In addition, the importance of cost information positively affects the use a full costing system and companies with high percentages of indirect costs have a greater number of cost pools. This piece of research is one of the rare studies dealing with the characteristics of costing systems. Previous research dealt basically with ABC and are mainly conducted in developed countries. This study adds to knowledge since it is conducted in a developing country and investigates the sophistication of costing systems.
IAA production and maize crop growth promoting potential of endophyte Aspergillus niger (AO11) under salt stress

Soils with dissolved residual salts are known as salt affected soils. Salt stress has now turn a severe danger to crops development in arid and semi-arid areas of the globe due to excess evaporation and poor-rainfall,combined with piteous land and water governance methods [1]. The generic view was that salinizations happen mostly in all areas of the world [2]. Internationally, more than 800 million hectares of soil are impacted by alkalinity (397 million hectares) or sodium toxicity (434 million hectares) [3]. Salt concentrations more than 0.25 M affects corn crop and can inhibit development and trigger serious wilting [4]. Sodium was the primary hazardous ion which disrupts with potassium activity and therefore infuriates stomatal simulations exploit to severe evaporation and necrosis in maize [5]. Ultraosmotic stress as well as harmful impacts of sodium and chloride ions on seed germination in a salty area could prevent and limited germination [6] also the corn plants under saline stress noted with decrease chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids with a decrease in total photosynthetic activity [7]. Endophytes are described as microorganisms completely resident in cells of stem,roots or leafs of plants. Over one million fungal species are estimated to be found in distinct crops genera reflecting the hypervariety of endophytic fungi [8]. Endophytic fungi are one of the greatest suppliers of natural bioactive compounds that can be used in various fields, such as agriculture, healthcare and food technology [9, 10]. A number of endophytes were investigated in order to develop growth-promoting metabolites comparable to those generated by their host crops, but in greater amounts [11]. Many fungal-endophytes are noted to enhance crop production in several ecosystems, [12]. Many endophytes were studied to ascertain their capacity for producing bioactive products comparable to those generated by their host crops [13]. In several plants [14], symbiosotic endophytic pathogens have been observed to enhance plant growth. Auxins (IAA) and gibberellins (GA3, GA4 and GA7) were recorded to be produced IAA production and maize crop growth promoting potential of endophyte Aspergillus niger (AO11) under salt stress
The Symbiont Bacteria of Acropora digitifera Study of Symbiont Bacteria of Acropora digitifera Coral From Ciletuh Bay, Sukabumi by Using Culture and Molecular Approach Nurfitri,

Bacteria are one of the prokaryotic microorganisms that are symbiotic with coral reefs. These microorganisms help corals in secreting mucus layers which are used as a place to live for bacteria and control the presence of pathogenic bacteria in corals. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of bacterial communities associated with Acropora digitifera corals in Ciletuh bay, West Java, by culture approach. Sampling was carried out at a depth of 4 meters. Morphology-based identification and molecular approach based on sequence of the small ribosomal unit (16S) rRNA gene were used to determine the bacterial species in the samples. A total of six pure isolates were identified based on morphological observation and the molecular DNA characteristics from three of them were identified with 16S rRNA gene sequences. The identification using 16S rRNA gene showed that the isolate ACD.P4. PH7.P had a close relationship with the BF strain and zb strain of Bacillus flexus (acc number MH569560.1) with a similarity of 85.44 %. While ACD.P4. PH9.P isolate has a close relationship with Bacillus sp. c234 (acc number FJ950647.1) with a similarity of 98.50 %. Additionally, ACD.P4. PH9.K isolates closely related to Bacillus sp. of strain 6RM1 (acc number MK134607.1) with a similarity of 94.78 %. This study also revealed that both microscopic identifications by morphological traits and molecular approach using 16S rRNA gene can be used in bacterial diversity assessment.
Interactive comments on “Seasonal contrast in size distributions and mixing state of black carbon and its association with PM1.0 chemical composition from the eastern coast of India” Response to reviewers

Observations of the reviewers are in italics, and our response is given below in bold letters. The revised paper is significantly improved, but still needs work as there are still many typos, poor wording choices, and some repetitive discussion. I have two major comments about paper content and some minor comments. This is not an exhaustive list of minor comments -there are many more small things that need correcting in the text. 10
Comparing Numerical Methods for Multicomponent Gas Separation by Single Permeation Unit

Comparing Numerical Methods for Multicomponent Gas Separation by Single Permeation Unit Muhammad Ahsan*, Arshad Hussain School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. *Author for correspondence; e-mail: ahsan@scme.nust. edu.pk, ahsan.nust@hotmail.com Received: 11 July 2012 Accepted: 16 September 2013 ABSTRACT: This paper is an effort of comparing numerical methods for the multicomponent membrane gas separation. As an example for membrane gas separation a detailed model of co-current flow process is considered. After the derivation of model, different numerical techniques for the solution of mathematical model are presented. Seven different numerical methods such as Bogacki–Shampine method, Dormand–Prince method, Adams-BashforthMoulton method, numerical differentiation formulas, modified Rosenbrock formula of order 2, Trapezoidal rule with free interpolant and Trapezoidal rule with backward difference formula of order 2 are used to solve ordinary differential equations. The methods, problems and comparison criteria are stated very carefully. Then the numerical methods are categorized on their stability basis. The recommended numerical method shows good agreement with the experimental and numerical values in the literature.
Late Quaternary evolution of the sedimentary environment in Modrejce near Most na Soči (Soča Valley, Julian Alps)

Geomorphological and geological mapping have long been used to study the glacial history of the Slovenian Alps, but many uncertainties remain regarding the time and extent of Pleistocene glaciations there. Glacial landforms and undisturbed glacial deposits are rare in the areas of the former glacier terminus, especially in the Soča Valley, where large discrepancies in the interpretation of the extent of the former Soča Glacier have been reported. Early studies proved inconclusive as to whether one or two glaciations extended into the Soča Valley as far as Most na Soči. In order to answer this question, the Quaternary sedimentary succession and landforms in the Modrejce Valley near Most na Soči were investigated. New geological and geomorphological field data allow the interpretation of the sedimentary environment and the stratigraphic relationships between different units. In response to glacial dynamics, the sedimentation developed from glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine to fully glacial environments, followed by slope deposition. At higher altitudes lateral moraines are preserved, while the staircase-like slope below has been carved into older glacial, glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine deposits by glacial and post-glacial processes, including fluvial erosion and slope dynamics. We conclude that the succession studied here was deposited over the course of two different glacial advances – LGM and pre-LGM. Our study thus suggests that the Soča Glacier extended as far as the area of Most na Soči twice over the course of the late Quaternary.
TOWARDS INTERPRETABLE RE INFORCEMENT LEARNING INTERACT IVE V I SUAL IZAT IONS TO INCREASE INS IGHT shuby v. deshpande CMU-RI-TR-20-61

Visualization tools for supervised learning (SL) allow users to interpret, introspect, and gain an intuition for the successes and failures of their models. While reinforcement learning (RL) practitioners ask many of the same questions while debugging agent policies, existing tools are not a good fit for the RL setting as these tools address challenges typically found in the SL regime. Whereas SL involves a static dataset, RL often entails collecting new data in challenging environments with partial observability, stochasticity, and non-stationary data distributions. These unique characteristic of the RL framework necessitate the creation of alternate visual interfaces to help us better understand agent policies trained using RL. In this work, we design and implement an interactive visualization tool for debugging and interpreting RL. Our system identifies and addresses important aspects missing from existing tools and we provide an example workflow of how this system could be used, along with ideas for future extensions. We explain one such extension under development to increase insight into the learning dynamics of actor-critic learning algorithms by visualizing optimization landscapes.
MEDIATING ROLE OF CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE BETWEEN INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF QUICK SERVICE RESTAURANTS (QSRs)

The primary rationale of this study is to examine the impact of innovation on customer experience (CP) and customer performance (CP) in the Quick Service Restaurants (QSRs). The study further analyzes the impact of customer experience (CE) on customer performance (CP). Moreover, the study also tends to approach the mediating role of customer experience in between innovation and customer performance. A total of 322 questionnaires were analyzed using exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to identify and confirm the various factors in the study respectively. Structural equation modeling has been used to test the relationship between the constructs. The study finds that innovation positively impacts CE and CP. Further, the study also verified that CE positively impacts CP and it acts as a partial mediator between CE and CP. Research is restricted to the QSRs of Jammu region which includes McDonald's, KFC, Domino's Pizza, and Pizza Hut. This study recommends the implementation of innovative practices in QSRs to enhance the CE that in turn will leads to higher CP in selected QSRs.
The SUMOConjugase Ubc9 Protects Dopaminergic Cells from Cytotoxicity and Enhances the Stability of a-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease Models

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a widespread regulatory mechanism of post-translational modification (PTM) that induces rapid and reversible changes in protein function and stability. Using SUMO conjugase Ubc9-overexpressing or knock-down cells in Parkinson’s disease (PD) models, we demonstrate that SUMOylation protects dopaminergic cells against MPP1 or preformed fibrils (PFFs) of a-synuclein (a-syn)induced toxicities in cell viability and cytotoxicity assays. In the mechanism of protection, Ubc9 overexpression significantly suppressed the MPP1 or PFF-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, while Ubc9-RNAi enhanced the toxicity-induced ROS production. Further, PFF-mediated protein aggregation was exacerbated by Ubc9-RNAi in thioflavin T staining, compared with NC1 controls. In cycloheximide (Chx)-based protein stability assays, higher protein level of a-syn was identified in Ubc9-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) than in EGFP cells. Since there was no difference in endogenous mRNA levels of a-syn between Ubc9 and EGFP cells in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we assessed the mechanisms of SUMO-mediated delayed a-syn degradation via MG132, proteasomal inhibitor, and PMA, lysosomal degradation inducer. Ubc9-mediated SUMOylated a-syn avoided PMA-induced lysosomal degradation because of its high solubility. Our results suggest that Ubc9 enhances the levels of SUMO1 and ubiquitin on a-syn and interrupts SUMO1 removal from a-syn. In immunohistochemistry, dopaminergic axon tips in the striatum and cell bodies in the substantia nigra from Ubc9-overexpressing transgenic mice were protected from MPTP toxicities compared with wild-type (WT) siblings. Our results support that SUMOylation can be a regulatory target to protect dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress and protein Significance Statement We tested whether SUMOylation enhances the solubility of aggregation-prone proteins such as a-synuclein (a-syn) to prevent protein aggregation induced by oxidative stress and/or preformed fibrils (PFFs) of a-syn. Here, we demonstrate that high levels of SUMOylation mediated by Ubc9 overexpression protect dopaminergic cells from MPTP-induced (MPP1) or PFF-induced toxicities. The protective effects are derived from the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and protein aggregation. Interestingly, SUMOylated a-syn avoided lysosomal degradation, which was not detrimental. Ubiquitin binding to lysine residues may not compete with small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) binding to determine the protein half-life of a-syn. Our findings strongly suggest that the regulation of SUMO conjugation to a-syn can be a novel therapeutic target to prevent the formation of Lewy bodies and ROS generation. September/October 2020, 7(5) ENEURO.0134-20.2020 1–19 Research Article: New Research
The influence of transformational leadership and organizational culture on learning organization: A comparative analysis of the IT sector

The popularity of learning organization has motivated researchers and scholars to identify factors that influence the development of learning organization. They have identified transformational leadership and a generative and adaptive organizational culture as important factors that influence the development of learning organization. Yet, few studies have empirically examined the impact of transformational leadership and generative and adaptive culture on the development of learning organization. An exploratory research was conducted and data were collected through a survey questionnaire from the IT sector and a comparison was drawn between Nepal and India. 400 questionnaires were distributed in each country and the results indicated that transformational leadership and generative and adaptive cultures have a positive influence on the development of learning organization. Transforming to learning organization has become important in this era, hence organizational leaders should develop transformational leadership behaviors and organizations need to change their culture to promote learning.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TRICHODERMA ISOLATES AND THEIR ANTAGONISM AGAINST RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI AND PYTHIUM APHNIDERMATUM

The PCR-based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to evaluate the genetic relatedness among 12 isolates of Trichoderma obtained from soil rhizosphere of different geographic locations in Egypt. The similarity coefficient values among the isolates ranged from 0.25 to 0.93. The Antagonistic ability of Trichoderma isolates against Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphnidermatum as soil borne plant pathogens was studied in dual culture plates. The results showed that the isolates were more active in inhibition growth of P. aphnidermatum than R. solani. Trichoderma TZ2 was the most efficient isolate in inhibition growth of P. aphnidermatum and R. solani of 78c/o and 73c/o respectively. The Trichoderma isolates TK and TM3 showed the lowest inhibition activity against P. aphnidermatum and R. solani respectively.
Natural products as a means of overcoming cisplatin chemoresistance in bladder cancer

Cisplatin remains an integral part of the treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer. A large number of patients do not respond to cisplatin-based chemotherapy and efficacious salvage regimens are limited. Immunotherapy has offered a second line of treatment; however, only approximately 20% of patients respond, and molecular subtyping of tumors indicates there may be significant overlap in those patients that respond to cisplatin and those patients that respond to immunotherapy. As such, restoring sensitivity to cisplatin remains a major hurdle to improving patient care. One potential source of compounds for enhancing cisplatin is naturally derived bioactive products such as phytochemicals, flavonoids and others. These compounds can activate a diverse array of different pathways, many of which can directly promote or inhibit cisplatin sensitivity. The purpose of this review is to understand current drug development in the area of natural products and to assess how these compounds may enhance cisplatin treatment in bladder cancer patients.
Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes and Mulches on Yield and Macronutrition Levels of Drip-Irrigated Cucumber Under Open Field Conditions

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of different mulch types on fruit yield, leaf-nutrient composition, and normal plant growth parameters was investigated in order to maximize water use efficiency (WUE) in cucumber grown under water stress. Treatments were (1) bare soil + water stress (WS), (2) bare soil + unstressed (control, C), (3) black polyethylene mulch + water stress (BPM + WS), (4) wheat straw mulch + water stress (WSM + WS), and (5) wheat straw mulch plus black polyethylene mulch + water stress (WSM + BPM + WS). Seasonal crop evapotranspiration was between 492 and 960 mm. Seasonal irrigation water amounts were 965 and 485 mm for the C and WS treatments, respectively. The WUE ranged from 3.40 to 5.78 kg m−3, while irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) was between 3.39 and 6.08 kg m−3. IWUE and WUE were increased under WS treatments with mulching compared with the control treatment, as mulching significantly reduced the amount of irrigation water required. Both BPM and WSM improved the fruit yield, fruit size, plant dry matter, total leaf area, and chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations in leaves under the stressed treatments, while these two mulches in combination (BPM + WSM) caused further increases in these parameters. This study confirms that limiting soil evaporation with mulches is a key action to take to save irrigation water and to improve WUE and IWUE. Because use of drip irrigation with mulching can increase WUE, this strategy might be used for vegetable production in semi-arid regions where irrigation water is limited.
Discovery and development of the thermal DeNOx process

The discovery and development of the Thermal DeNO/sub X/ are described. One important aspect of that development was the continuation of the basic research in order to develop the computer model of the NO reduction chemistry. This model proved useful in optimizing the application of the Thermal DeNO/sub X/ process to boilers and furnaces, in understanding other potential applications, e.g., gas turbines, automobiles, fluid bed combustors, and low-Btu gas, and in understanding problems in the chemistry such as the self-inhibition effect and the lack of an effect from addition of sulfur oxides.
E-Governance and Service Delivery in the Nigeria Civil Service

The advent of information communication technology has made the activities of government more accessible to the governed while the traditional barrier of distance becomes tractable through the modern approach of communication. Application of e-governance has been a potent instrument in easy spreading of information, consultation, and enhancing citizen’s participation, sending feedback to the citizens, monitoring and evaluating government projects and making government accountable and transparent in its total political engagements. This paper is therefore an attempt at determining the extent e-governance implementation has enhanced administrative efficiency in the Nigeria Civil Service and to ascertain whether the implementation of e-governance has helped to reduce corruption in the Nigeria Civil Service. The paper relied on modernization theory and qualitative research method as data that formed major part of the study were generated from secondary sources. Findings reveal that e-governance has made service delivery easier which is evident in the ways and manner the old methods have been transformed and researchers recommend for Nigeria’s public service to show high level of e-readiness in their operations on one part and government adequate provision of necessary infrastructure; enact Information and Communication Technology for successful implementation on the other part.
A Review of the Empirical Literature on Conversational Agents and Future Research Directions

The knowledge base related to user interaction with conversational agents (CAs) has grown dramatically but remains segregated. In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate user interaction with CAs. We examined 107 papers published in outlets related to IS and HCI research. Then, we coded for design elements and user interaction outcomes, and isolated 7 significant determinants of these outcomes, as well as 42 themes with inconsistent evidence, providing grounds for future research. Building upon the insights from the analysis, we propose a research agenda to guide future research surrounding user interaction with CAs. Ultimately, we aim to contribute to the body of knowledge of IS and HCI in general and user interaction with CA in particular by indicating how developed a research field is regarding the number and content of the respective contributions. Furthermore, practitioners benefit from a structured overview related to CA design effects.
The woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) remains from the Upper Palaeolithic site Kraków Spadzista Street (B)

The Kraków Spadzista (B) site is one of many famous Mid Upper Palaeolithic (Gravettian) sites in Europe. It was discovered accidentally in the late autumn of 1967 and the excavations continue today. The Aurignacian and Gravettian sites from the Kraków Spadzista complex are located on a rocky prominence, which is isolated from the main part of Saint Bronislawa hill by a rocky cliff from the north and by a large Pleistocene depression from the east and west. After 11 years of excavations, approximately 140 sq. m of the site have been examined. At the site nearly 9000 bones and teeth of seven different species of Pleistocene mammals (Kubiak & Zakrzewska 1974; Lipecki & Wojtal 1996) and several hundred stone artefacts (Kozlowski & Sachse-Kozlowska 1974; Sobczyk 1995) were found. At Kraków Spadzista Street (B), only isolated bones or teeth (NISP= 15; MNI=7) from mammal species other than mammoth were found (Tab. 1). The woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) remains from the Upper Palaeolithic site Kraków Spadzista Street (B)