Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization and Characterization of Biocellulose Production from Bacteria Isolated from Passion Fruits

Biocellulose is a strong polymer consisting of nanofibrillar structures that produce a large surface area and a microporous structure. This organic polymer is greatly in demand in various industries, such as the paper industry, biomedical industry and cosmetics industry. In this study, biocellulose production from two bacteria known as endophytic bacterium SV845 (M02) and Pantoea ananatis IADCAMBID (M03) isolated from passion fruit was selected. Three different media formulations (Media 1, Media 2, and Media 3) were used in order to optimize the biocellulose production where each media contained a different percentage of carbon sources (glucose and fructose). The highest biocellulose production (1.544 mg/mL) was demonstrated by M02 bacteria strain in Media 1 containing glucose alone which fermented at 30 ºC while at 37 ºC, the highest biocellulose (BC) production was demonstrated by M03 bacteria strain at 2.078 mg/mL in media containing glucose alone (Media 1). Data on pH changes during biocellulose fermentation in all the media were set at an initial pH of 6. The final pH values were observed in the range of 5.34 to 6.08 for M02 strain and 5.95 to 8.53 for M03 strain, respectively. Characterizations of biocellulose were compared to starch using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR analysis indicated that the absorption peaks at 3200 cm-1 and 1630 cm-1 were derived from the association of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds and H–O–H bending vibration of the absorbed water molecules in cellulose.
Nitrogen and potassium, but not boron, change the morphology, production and nutrient concentration of Tanzania guineagrass roots

Abstract Plant shoot production is closely related to root development. To obtain greater grass persistence, nutrient uptake by roots and recovery after defoliation, it is necessary for the plants to have well developed root systems. The study aimed to evaluate the morphological, productive and nutritional characteristics of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania roots in response to combinations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and boron (B) rates in nutrient solution. Root dry mass, total root length, and total root surface increased with the combination of N and K rates. Boron rates did not affect any of the studied parameters. Greater concentrations of ammonium than nitrate were found in the root tissues. Root specific length and root specific surface decreased as rates of N and K increased. The N and K supply caused an increase in the morphological and productive aspects of the root system, thus enhancing the capacity for nutrient absorption.
Biodegradation Effect of some Bacterial Isolates on some Endocrine Disruptors (EDCS)

EDCs raised a certain concern for living health began since last century, via interfere with natural hormone functions and produce reversible or irreversible biological effects. Bisphenol (BPA) is an organic compound that causing human health risks. Different bacterial spp. has biodegradation ability for wide range of EDC. 4 bacterial spp. were isolated and worked on (Pseudomonas auroginosa, Pseudomona lutoi, Proteus penneri, and E.coli). The effect of substrate tolerate bisphenol (5 mg/ ml) using the well diffusion method were investigated. The biodegradation effect of bacterial isolated on breakdown bisphenol and its derivatives using UV vis spectrophotometer were studied and comparing in various incubation time and temperature to assess the effect of the physical conditions on the bacterial ability of bisphenol degradation. Proteus penneri showed a significant ability to resistance to para-phenol and meta-phenol, while highly sensitive to ortho- aminophenol and para- creso, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Pseudomonas lutiola sensitive to meta- aminophenol, while resist to degraded three phenol compounds (para, ortho aminophenol, and para crysol). Data showed a significant effect for ps. Lutiola after 15 days of incubation followed by p. penorri and E.coli. to degraded phenol chemical compounds. Data demonstaed that bacterial spp. ps. Lutiola has an obvious degradation effect for bisphenol compound after 15 days of incubation however, Sp. euroginosa showed an absolutely different behavior toward bisphenol which showed an raising absorbance after the 15 days of incubation. The ability of different local bacterial isolated to breakdown the phenol and its derivitives in surface water was investigated .
The Pattern of Leaf N:P Ratio Along Plantation Age: A Global Synthesis

Background Plant stoichiometry displayed flexible over age sequences in previous studies, but effect of stand age on stoichiometry showed large uncertainties for different plantations at the global scale. In this study, we want to obtain the general pattern of leaf N:P ratio for global plantations across age gradients through the compilation and analysis of published data from the individual studies. Results Stand age, together with life forms, and climatic variables strongly affected leaf N:P ratio. This result indicates that the stand age is an indispensable underlying mechanism on stoichiometry. Leaf N:P ratio increased with stand age for all plantations pooled together, revealing the existence of the general pattern in leaf stoichiometry for plantations across age gradients. Leaf N:P ratio exhibited no trend in evergreen trees, but an increasing trend was obtained in deciduous trees along age sequences. Meanwhile, leaf N:P ratio rose with stand age for plantations in humid subtropical regions, but it did not vary in dry temperate regions. Conclusions Our results reveal the effects of age on tree stoichiometry cannot be neglected. These age-related patterns of stoichiometry verified that global plantations changed from N limitation to P limitation with increasing stand age, particularly for deciduous plantations and in plantations in humid regions. The study highlights the importance of considering stand age when exploring nutrient patterns in plantations, which contributes to improving the plant stoichiometry theory and offers a guidance for the nutrient management of plantations at regional to global scales.
Human Parainfluenza Virus 3 Phosphoprotein Is a Tetramer and Shares Structural and Interaction Features with Ebola Phosphoprotein VP35

The human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) poses a risk for pneumonia development in young children and immunocompromised patients. To investigate mechanisms of HPIV3 pathogenesis, we characterized the association state and host protein interactions of HPIV3 phosphoprotein (HPIV3 P), an indispensable viral polymerase cofactor. Sequence analysis and homology modeling predict that HPIV3 P possesses a long, disordered N-terminal tail (PTAIL) a coiled-coil multimerization domain (PMD), similar to the well-characterized paramyxovirus phosphoproteins from measles and Sendai viruses. Using a recombinantly expressed and purified construct of PMD and PTAIL, we show that HPIV3 P in solution is primarily an alpha-helical tetramer that is stable up to 60 °C. Pulldown and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments revealed that HPIV3 P binds the host hub protein LC8, and turbidity experiments demonstrated a new role for LC8 in increasing the solubility of HPIV3 P in the presence of crowding agents such as RNA. For comparison, we show that the multimerization domain of the Zaire Ebola virus phosphoprotein VP35 is also a tetramer and binds LC8 but with significantly higher affinity. Comparative analysis of the domain architecture of various virus phosphoproteins in the order Mononegavirales show multiple predicted and verified LC8 binding motifs, suggesting its prevalence and importance in regulating viral phosphoprotein structures. Our work provides evidence for LC8 binding to phosphoproteins with multiple association states, either tetrameric, as in the HPIV3 and Ebola phosphoproteins shown here, or dimeric as in rabies virus phosphoprotein. Taken together the data suggest that the association states of a virus-specific phosphoprotein and the complex formed by binding of the phosphoprotein to host LC8 are important regulators of viral function.
A capacity recoverable zinc-ion micro-supercapacitor

To achieve high energy and power density simultaneously in miniaturized electronic devices, a zinc-ion micro-supercapacitor (ZmSC) is constructed for the first time by integrating a battery-type zinc micro-anode and a capacitor-type carbon nanotube micro-cathode. In the meantime, an electroplating method is developed to in situ replenish the zinc anode when needed without destroying the configuration of the ZmSC, in which the micro-cathode, micro-anode and electrolyte of the ZmSC function as the working electrode, counter electrode and plating solution in the plating process, respectively. This strategy effectively avoids the irreversible consumption of the zinc anode and the fading of the capacitance and cycle life. As a result, the prepared ZmSC exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance, including a high area capacitance of 83.2 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2, a high energy density of 29.6 μW h cm−2 and a high power density of 8 mW cm−2. After 6000 cycles, the ZmSC shows about 87.4% retention (60.9 mF cm−2) of its initial area capacitance at 5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, a higher capacitance (76 mF cm−2) and a longer cycling life are obtained after re-plating the zinc anode. This method features a simple configuration and easy operation, and holds great promise for use in other long cycle life zinc-based microdevices.
Proximate Analysis of Goat Milk Yogurt Powder Produced by Freeze Drying and Vacuum-Oven Drying and in Comparing with Freeze-Dried Yogurt Powder Prepared with Tualang Honey

This study was carried out to produce powdered yogurt from goat milk with longer shelf life.Two methods of drying process of yogurt were used which are vacuum-oven drying (VD) and freezedrying (FD). Goat milk yogurt powder prepared with added Tualang honey (TH) was produced by freeze-drying method. In this study, four formulations of yogurt were prepared with the addition of commercial yogurt containingas starter culture.Granulated sugar was added about 8% into the yogurt as control sample. While other three yogurts were prepared with 8% of Tualang honey, 6% of Tualang honey with 2% of sugar and 4% of Tualang honey with 4% of sugar. The proximateanalysis was used in order to identify the proximate composition and pH value of the yogurt. The moisture content of goat milk yogurt, VD goat yogurt powder and FD goat yogurt powder were 79.20%, 8.22% and 9.66% respectively. While, the moisture content for FD goat yogurt powder with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% Tualang honey were 15.12%,15.92% and 13.53% respectively.While the value of ash content for FD goat milk yogurt powder with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% Tualang honey were 0.37%, 0.35% and 0.50% respectively. The total protein content for goat milk yogurt was 4.61% whilein VD goat yogurt powder and FD goat yogurt powder were 15.04% and 15.07% respectively. The value of protein content for FD goat milk yogurt powder with addition of 8% of Tualang honey was 15.38%. The pH value ofgoat milk sample and fresh yogurt goat milk were 6.52 and 3.82. The pH values for fresh yogurt with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% of Tualang honey were 4.64, 4.68 and 4.73. Vacuum-oven drying method and freeze-drying method did not show any significant different in moisture, ash and protein content but showed significant different in pH value.
TO EVALUATE THE RELATION BETWEEN CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA COLLAPSIBILITY IN CASES OF PEDIATRIC SHOCK

Mohd Kashif Ali1, Aditi Das2, Eeman Naim3 From 1Assistant Professor, 2Junior Resident, 3Senior Resident, Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India Correspondence to: Dr. Mohd Kashif Ali, Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail: drkashif12@gmail.com Received 25 August 2018 Initial Review 04 September 2018 Accepted 12 September 2018
Order–Disorder Phase Equilibria of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) Solution

The cloud-point curves for solutions of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) in o-dichlorobenzene as a function of composition were measured using a thermooptical analysis method. The binary polymer solution shows phase equilibria between a single coiled polymer in solution and polymer in nanocrystalline aggregation, in which the coexistence points at the melting temperature (i.e., solid–liquid equilibria) could be described by the theory of melting point depression combined with the Flory–Huggins model. Through the correlation of theory and experimental data, the heat of fusion per crystalline repeat unit (ΔHu = 47.5 J/g) and the binary interaction parameter (χ = 32.6/T) were estimated. When the solutions were further characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the absorption spectra showed a red-shift (λmax = 464 to 518 nm) with increasing P3HT concentration from 0.01 to 6 wt %, and the XRD data displayed a trace of (100) peaks at 2θ = 5.39° with d-spacing of 1.6 .
Complex mathematical analysis of photobioreactor system

Modeling as a tool solves extremely difficult tasks in life sciences. Recently, schemes of culturing of microalgae have received special attention because of its unique features and possible uses in many industrial applications for renewable energy production and high value products isolation. The goal of this review is to present the use of system analysis theory applied to microalgae culturing modeling and process development. The review mainly focuses on the modeling of the key steps of autotrophic growth under the integral biorefinery concept of the microalgae biomass. The system approach follows systematically a procedure showing the difficulties by modeling of sub‐systems. The development of microalgae kinetics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies were analyzed in details as sub‐systems in advanced design of photobioreactor (PBR). This review logically follows the trends of the modeling procedure and clarifies how this approach may save time and money during the research efforts. The result of this work is a successful development of a complex PBR mathematical analysis in the frame of the integral biorefinery concept.
A study on the extraction of essential oil of Persian black cumin using static supercritical CO2 extraction, and comparison with hydro-distillation extraction method

ABSTRACT The essential oil of Persian black cumin was extracted using static supercritical CO2 technique at different temperatures, extraction times, and number of extractions. The composition of extracted oil was measured by GC-MS analysis and 25 components were identified. It was found that the oil recovery was reduced by increasing the temperature. Maximum recovery was achieved at two-step extraction that was about 49%. Both dissolution rate and solubility limited the oil recovery at the tested extraction conditions. The oxygenate components have less dissolution rate than the terpenes. The application of experimental data for design of an efficient dynamic extraction system was discussed.
A laboratory investigation of the ice nucleation efficiency of three
types of mineral and soil dust

Abstract. Surface-collected dust from three different locations around the world was examined with respect to its ice nucleation activity (INA) with the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PINC). Ice nucleation experiments were conducted with particles of 200 and 400 nm in diameter in the temperature range of 233–243 K in both deposition nucleation and condensation freezing regimes. Several treatments were performed in order to investigate the effect of mineralogical composition, as well as the presence of biological and proteinaceous, organic and soluble compounds on the INA of mineral and soil dust. The INA of untreated dust particles correlated well with the total feldspar and K-feldspar content, corroborating previously published results. The removal of heat-sensitive proteinaceous and organic components from the particle surface with heat decreased the INA of dusts. However, the decrease in the INA was not proportional to the amount of these organic components, indicating that different proteinaceous and organic species have different ice nucleation activities, and the exact speciation is required in order to determine why dusts respond differently to the heating process. The INA of certain dusts increased after the removal of soluble material from the particle surface, demonstrating the low INA of the soluble compounds and/or the exposition of the underlying active sites. Similar to the proteinaceous organic compounds, soluble compounds seem to have different effects on the INA of surface-collected dusts, and a general conclusion about how the presence of soluble material on the particle surface affects its INA is not possible. The investigation of the heated and washed dusts revealed that mineralogy alone is not able to fully explain the observed INA of surface-collected dusts at the examined temperature and relative humidity conditions. The results showed that it is not possible to predict the INA of surface-collected soil dust based on the presence and amount of certain minerals or any particular class of compounds, such as soluble or proteinaceous/organic. Instead, at temperatures of 238–243 K the ice nucleation activity of the untreated, surface-collected soil dust in condensation freezing mode can be roughly approximated by one of the existing surrogates for atmospheric mineral dust, such as illite NX. Uncertainties associated with mechanical damage and possible changes to the mineralogy during treatments, as well as with the BET surface area and its immediate impact on the number of active sites ns,BET parameterisation, are addressed.
Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows

Simple Summary The effects of grazing dairy cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with keeping the cows under confined settings were evaluated by examining the overall levels of fatty acids and cortisol in milk as an indicator of stress. Our findings revealed favorable changes in cows grazing for 12 h, with significantly improved milk fatty acid profile and decreased milk cortisol content. Additionally, we found no significant changes in the milk yield of 12 h grazed cows compared to the control group of confined cows, while milk fat and protein showed higher values in 12 h grazed cows. Grazing for 24 h caused a significant decrease in the milk yield compared to the two other groups. Overall, grazing for 12 h in a mountainous area is suggested to be beneficial for animal welfare, with positive improvements in milk fatty acids and lessening of stress levels without adverse effects on milk yield. Abstract The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR based), (2) grazing for 12 h (12 hG; TMR plus grazing pasture), and (3) grazing for 24 h (24 hG; pasture-based feeding system). Dry matter intake was higher in the control and 12 hG groups than in the 24 hG group. The yields of total milk and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk were the lowest in the 24 hG group. Milk fat was the highest in the 24 hG group and higher in 12 hG compared with the control group. Milk protein and lactose levels were the highest in the 12 hG group. The highest somatic cell count was observed in the 24 hG group. The saturated fatty acid levels were higher in the control group compared with the 12 hG and 24 hG groups. There was no difference in overall mono-unsaturated fatty acids between 12 hG and 24 hG groups. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the 12 hG group compared with the control and 24 hG groups. There was no difference in omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids among the groups, and omega-3 fatty acids were higher in the 12 hG group than in the control group. Milk cortisol was the highest in the 24 hG group and higher in the control group compared with the 12 hG group. Taken together, grazing for 12 h is advisable for farms that have access to mountainous areas to improve the milk fatty acid profile and decrease the stress levels in high-yielding Holstein lactating cows.
The determinants of business failures in the US low-technology and high-technology industries

This study investigates the determinants of business failure rates for low-technology and high-technology manufacturing industries across the forty-eight contiguous US states over the period 1984 to 1993. The main focus is on examining the role that some key state fiscal measures and federal transfer grants to states play in explaining business failure rates. It is found that regional variations in sales taxes, highway expenditures, bank loans, university R&D, patents, and outstanding debt play a statistically significant role in explaining variations in regional business failure rates. Interestingly, it is found that corporate development assistance programmes and small business loans tend to improve small business survival rates for hightechnology industries but they do not for low-technology industries. Findings also suggest that policymakers can effectively use local/regional policy instruments to bring the current business failure rates to the desired level more easily within hightechnology industry groups than within low-technology industry groups.
Interventions for Body Fat Reduction among Pakistani Women: A Randomized Control Trial Study

The burden of obesity is higher in Pakistani female, to overcome this burden effective treatment is desirable. The current study intends to provide effective intervention programs to reduce percent body fat among Pakistani women. Through randomized control trial study fourteen females (N= 14, PBF= 30.28 ± 3.24) were recruited by employing penal data technique with simple randomization. The sample distributed into two equal groups from online randomization. The experimental group received 10-week sessions of modified cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) along with supervised and unsupervised exercise regimen, plus supervised diet management plan. As a contrast, the control group received 10-week sessions without offering standard treatment. The results found that the intervention group or experimental group significantly reduced percent body fat (-3.02) while control group reduced (-0.37) within 10 weeks interventions, F=88.28, p<. 001***,  2p =. 880. Conclusively, the combination of CBT along with exercise regimen and diet plan is a most effective method to reduce percent body fat among obese women. The limitations and future directions are also discussed that can be a good contribution to the body of knowledge concerning obesity