Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Toxicity, Antidiarrhoeal and Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Baphia macrocalyx in Mice

The aim of the current study was to assess the acute toxicity, antidiarrhoeal and antioxidant potentials of methanolic leaf extract of Baphia macrocalyx (BM) in mice. Acute toxicity test of BM extract was performed based on OECD guideline 423. Results revealed that the extract did not produce any changes in general behaviour, body weight or mortality of the tested mice even at the highest oral administered dose (2000 mg/kg body weight). The antidiarrhoeal effect was examined using castor oil induced diarrhoea test. Results showed that BM extract delayed the onset of diarrhoea, decreased frequency of defaecation and reduced the severity of diarrhoeal drops in a dose dependent manner at doses of (100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg), respectively. The group that received the dose of 1000 mg/kg showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) in inhibition of diarrhoeal drops compared to the control group. For the determination of antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation assay was used and BM extract significantly (p < 0.05) counteracted rotenone induced oxidative stress in brain tissues in a graded dose. Taken together, this study showed the potential of BM in inhibition of diarrhoea and oxidative stress with no toxic effects on tested mice, suggesting the use of this plant as an antioxidant and for ethno-medical management of diarrhoea Keywords: Baphia macrocalyx; Antidiarrhoeal; Antioxidant; Acute toxicity
Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Prices in Nepal

Background: Stock market plays a crucial role in the financial system of a country. It can be viewed as a channel through which resources are properly channelized. It enables the governments and industry to raise long-term capital for financing new projects. The stock markets of developing economies are likely to be sensitive to various macro-economic factors such as GDP, imports, exports, exchange rates etc., when there is high demand on financial products, as a constituent of financial market, ultimately stock market needs to develop. Many factors can be a signal to stock market participants to expect a higher or lower return when investing in stock and one of these factors are macroeconomic variables and thus, macro-economic variables tend to effect on stock market development. Objective: This study examines the linkage between stock market prices (NEPSE index) and five macro-economic variables, namely; real GDP, broad money supply, interest rate, inflation, and exchange rate using ARDL model and to explain the behavior of the Nepal Stock Exchange Index. Methods: The ECM which is delivered from ARDL model through simple linear transformation to integrate short run adjustments with long run equilibrium without losing long run information. The analysis has been done by using 25 years' annual data from 1994 to 2019. Findings: The result suggests that the fluctuation of Nepse Index in long run is strongly associated with broad money supply, interest rate, inflation, and exchange rate. Conclusion: Though Nepalese stock market is in primitive stage, broad money supply, interest rate, inflation and exchange rate are major factors affecting stock market price of Nepal. So, policies and strategies should be made and directed taking these in to consideration. Implication: The findings of research can be helpful to understand the behavior of Nepalese stock market and develop policies for market stabilization.
New genetic diversity for endangered bottlenose dolphin subspecies along the Argentine coast

Abstract This study analyzed mtDNA sequences of two bottlenose dolphin subspecies found along the northern Patagonian coast, Argentina: the endangered Tursiops truncatus gephyreus and the data deficient Tursiops truncatus truncatus. Three haplotypes were recovered from nine samples. The most frequent haplotype represented the coastal morph, also two haplotypes showing falcate dorsal fin, a characteristic describing the oceanic morph. This finding suggests that both morphs may exist in sympatry in Argentina. Furthermore, sampling was extended beyond the species’ previously known range, including individuals as far as seven hundred kilometers to the south. Therefore, new genetic data, despite being preliminary, hint at an unexpectedly higher genetic diversity of matrilines than previously anticipated.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN DENSITY IN PREDICTING PROSTATE CANCER AND CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT PROSTATE CANCER IN PATIENTS AGED 70 YEARS AND OVER

Results: 130 patients with available data were enrolled in the study. Prostate specific antigen density, prostate volume and free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio were significantly different in patients with or without cancer. Regarding area under curve, prostate specific antigen density and prostate volume showed similar efficacy, and both performed better than free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio (Area under curves for prostate specific antigen density, prostate volume and freeto-total prostate specific antigen ratio were= 0.770, 0.769 and 0.627, respectively). A multivariate analysis showed that only prostate specific antigen density was an independent predictor for prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer, with cut-off values of 0.11 and 0.199, respectively.
Synthesis of Green Copper Nanoparticles Using Medicinal Plant Hagenia abyssinica (Brace) JF. Gmel. Leaf Extract: Antimicrobial Properties

Indigenous medicinal plant of Ethiopia has been applied for the first time to investigate the synergistic influence of phytoconstituents in green copper nanoparticles (g-Cu NPs) towards the enhancement of antimicrobial properties of NPs. We report the green synthesis of Cu NPs using Hagenia abyssinica (Brace) JF. Gmel. leaf extract. The synthesized g-Cu NPs were characterized by UV-visible, UV-DRS, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDXA, TEM, HRTEM, and SAED techniques. The maximum absorbance, λmax, was found to be 403 nm for g-Cu NPs due to surface plasmon resonance. The energy gap, Eg of NPs, was found to be 2.19 eV. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, and glycosides in the leaf extract of Hagenia abyssinica. The spectral band at 740 cm-1 is a characteristic of interaction between Cu and biomolecules of the extract. The XRD analysis revealed that the g-Cu NPs appears to be more crystalline in nature. SEM and TEM micrographs showed a mix of spherical, hexagonal, triangular, cylindrical, and irregularly shaped Cu particles. The average particle size of NPs was found to be 34.76 nm by ImageJ analysis. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of copper in the g-Cu NPs. In addition, the SAED pattern of g-Cu NPs presented concentric circular patterns for 4 major planes of crystalline copper and its oxides. The experimental and calculated d-spacing values of one of the crystal planes (111) were found to be 0.2432 nm and 0.2444 nm, respectively. The d-spacing values of 0.2444 nm and 0.2040 nm correspond to d111Cu2O and d111Cu lattice fringes, respectively. The antibacterial test conducted on E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis showed good zone of inhibitions 12.7, 12.7, 14.7, and 14.2 mm, respectively, proving potentiality of g-Cu NPs as a remedy for infectious diseases caused by tested pathogens.
Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in North-Eastern region of India

ABSTRACT In order to detect the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in dogs, a total of 525 dog blood samples were examined by peripheral blood examination during different seasons. The survey was carried out from July, 2017 to June, 2018 in different parts of North-Eastern (NE) regions of India. Dogs were also closely inspected on their body surface for presence of ticks, if any. Out of 525 dog blood samples examined, 12.19% (64/525) were found positive for at least one type of tick transmitted pathogens as revealed by microscopic examination of stained blood smears. Twenty-eight dogs (5.33%) screened positive for Ehrlichia canis, eleven (2.09%) for Anaplasma platys, nine (1.71%) for Babesia gibsoni, eight (1.52%) for Babesia canis and eight (1.52%) for Hepatozoon canis. Dogs above two years age group showed higher rate of infection than dogs either between 1 and 2 years or below 1 year age group. Infection was higher during rainy season. Male dogs showed a higher proportion of infection than females. The only tick found during the study period was Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The results clearly indicate that vector-borne haemoprotozoa and rickettsia are prevalent in the study area in apparently healthy dogs without showing any obvious symptoms.
Evaluation of Physiochemical Parameters and Some Heavy Metals from Tannery Effluents of Sharada and Challawa Industrial Areas of Kano State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT The evaluation of physicochemical parameters and some heavy metals was carried out from six different tannery companies at the industrial areas of Challawa and Sharada, using standard procedures. Temperature, pH, conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined using portable digital hand logging meter. The sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, arsenic contents were determined using UV Spectrophotometer while chloride, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) contents were determined using titrimetric method and the heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean temperature of the water ranged from 36.00 Â 39.670C, pH: 2.63 Â 9.33, conductivity: 336.33 Â 12351. 67ÂµS/cm, TDS: 166.73 Â 6017.67mg/L, sulphate: 114.00 Â 466.67mg/L, phosphate: 0.29 Â 12.80mg/L, chloride: 58.66 Â 1577.87mg/L, nitrate: 6.03 - 33.43mg/L, DO: 2.60 Â 21.27mg/L and BOD: 0.77 Â 12.33mg//L. Water samples from the tannery effluents contained higher levels for both physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in untreated than treated. Cadmium and nickel were within the WHO limit for both treated and untreated while arsenic was within the limit for only treated effluent. Chromium and lead were above the WHO limit for both treated and untreated effluent. The parameters studied showed variations within the tannery companies and this may affect the Challawa river where this effluent is discharged which can have long term health effect on the aquatic animals and humans that depend on the river water for their daily activities. Keywords: biochemical oxygen demand, dissolve oxygen, heavy metals and physicochemical
The relationship between celebrity endorsement and brand equity: What's happening on the social network?

celebrity, endorsement, brand equity, brand fit, expertise, trustworthiness Today, using celebrity endorsement is the main advertising trend on social networks. However, choosing which celebrity to fit the brand is still a difficult issue for businesses. The purpose of this research is to solve this issue by surveying 472 social media customers in Vietnam from June 2017 to November 2017 for the congruence of celebrity-brand pairs and their impact on brand equity. Data were analyzed through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) process. The results have shown a positive relationship between the sub-components of Celebrity Endorsement (such as Attractiveness, Trustworthiness, and Expertise) and Brand Equity, in which the impact of Expertise is strongest. Another interesting finding was that Expertise has a key factor in helping customers trust the recommendations that celebrities want to convey to them. Besides, this study proved that Celebrity-Brand fit plays an important mediator role in this such relationship. This is an important guide to help businesses improve the effectiveness of their brands advertising campaigns.
Effects of Nano Fertilizer on Yield, Yield Attributes and Economics in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

1 Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed To Be University), Bhubaneswar-751029, Odisha, India 2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Jajpur, Odisha, India 3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed To Be University), Bhubaneswar-751029, Odisha, India *Corresponding author
Conventional methods for enhancing connectivity in conservation planning do not always maintain gene flow

Protected area systems need to conserve species in places with suitable habitat that are configured to facilitate gene flow. Since genetic data require considerable resources to obtain, many proxy methods have been developed to generate plans for protected area systems (prioritizations) that facilitate gene flow without needing genetic data. However, the effectiveness of such methods—such as minimising fragmentation or enforcing contiguity among priority areas—remains largely untested. We investigated the ability of prioritizations to maintain gene flow when they are generated using conventional methods for promoting connectivity. Using existing environmental, genetic, and occurrence datasets, we created maps of habitat suitability and resistance to gene flow for nine alpine plant species. Next, we generated multispecies prioritizations that secured 10% of the suitable habitat for each species and attempted to maintain gene flow by (a) penalizing fragmentation, (b) representing species in contiguous areas of suitable habitat, and (c) representing species in contiguous areas with minimal resistance to gene flow as modelled from genetic data. We found that prioritizations generated using fragmentation penalties failed to represent seven of the nine species in areas that would maintain high levels of gene flow. Similarly, prioritizations that represented species in contiguous areas of suitable habitat were unable to maintain high levels of gene flow for six species—potentially because a few areas with high resistance can disrupt gene flow throughout an entire prioritization. Although prioritizations generated using genetic data successfully maintained gene flow, they also selected over three times more land than other prioritizations, suggesting that failing to account for gene flow when setting priorities may underestimate the scale of conservation action required. Synthesis and applications. We found that conventional methods for enhancing connectivity in conservation planning, such as spatially clustering priority areas or providing connected sections of suitable habitat, were generally unable to maintain high levels of gene flow. Our results suggest that conservation plans could be substantially improved by directly using genetic data, although whether this is a good choice for a particular situation will also depend on the costs of obtaining these data.
The Effect of Organizational Culture, Motivation, and Self-Leadership on Student Performance In Start-Ups

The development of entrepreneurial education designed currently is developing rapidly. One of the goals of this education is to produce new start-ups. Therefore, factors that impact the performance of start-ups by university students are important to be studied further. This study aimed to determine the impact of organizational culture, motivation, and self-leadership on the performance of students of the Accountancy Study Program in a private university in Surabaya, which has entrepreneurship as part of their curriculum. This private university is a university with the vision of creating entrepreneurs. Therefore, the learning method provided is project-based learning. All students have to undergo entrepreneurship learning, and thus, they are required to create start-ups according to their field of study and according to their respective study program. The success of the students' start-ups will undoubtedly require excellent performance in achieving the set target. This study was conducted using a quantitative method and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The result of this study suggested that organizational culture and self-leadership had an impact on students' performance in start-ups. However, motivation had no impact on students' performance in start-ups. Keywords: entrepreneurial education, organizational culture, performance, motivation, self-leadership
The Prevalence of Premature Ovarian Failure among Subfertile Patient in Albayda Fertility Centre/A Public Center in Libya

Background: Premature ovarian failure (PMOF) associated with increased risk of the general and mental health of the affected women, however, lower fertility or even infertility are the most disturbing symptoms to every woman with PMOF. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of PMOF among infertile women as this may reflect the real magnitude of the problem in the whole population. Methodology: women aged 40 years or less with infertility and menstrual irregularity (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) and with an elevated FSH level on two occasions more than 4 weeks apart were recruited for this study. The participants were attending Albayda Fertility Centre a public centre in Libya, between August 2013 and January 2020. The results: the recorded prevalence of PMOF among infertile subjects in this study was 2.8%. 34% of the affected women were aged 35 years and below. Only 2 (3.45%) of them got spontaneous pregnant, but none ended in live-birth. The median age at presentation was 36 years. The median infertility duration was 4.5 years and the median duration of menstrual irregularity was 7 years. The menstrual irregularity predated infertility by a median of 2.5 years. Conclusion: the prevalence of PMOF in this study was 2.8% indicating a higher prevalence of PMOF among infertile women than previously reported prevalence in the general population. This study also confirms the low reproductive potential of these women.
Natural Yield Curve: The Case of Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to estimate the natural yield curve for an emerging economy, with Indonesia as a case study. The estimation is done by a two-stage approach, namely, the decomposition of the yield curve component through a dynamic Nelson-Siegel model, the results of which are then used to estimate a natural yield curve. Both steps are estimated through state space modeling with a Kalman filter. In addition, the study also analyzes the principal components of the real yields of Indonesia to prove that the use of the Nelson-Siegel model is relevant and sufficient. The main contribution of this research is the estimation of the natural yield curve for an emerging economy. The findings provide some evidence that a policy mix is needed for emerging economies to maintain macroeconomic stability. Some other findings are as follows: first, almost all yield curve variations can be explained by the first three principal components that moved similarly to level, slope, and curvature. Second, Indonesia's natural yield curve always has a positive slope over time. Third, across maturities, medium-term yields have the largest impact on the output gap. Fourth, the estimated natural yield curve can provide a gauge of the monetary policy stance, or external pressure.
The wage gap in accounting positions

Abstract This research aimed to describe the wage differences among accounting occupations in Brazil. A descriptive, documental, and quantitative research was carried out with auditors, accountants, and accounting assistants (occupations defined by the Código Brasileiro de Ocupações - CBO). The study used regressions with binary variables analyzing data from 2009 to 2015. The results showed that low wages are significant among female black or mulatto workers; workers who completed high school and do not have a degree; with a disability; and in their first job or hired under a fixed-term contract. Also, the study observed that individuals who receive a higher wage are accountants, caucasian male, between 30 and 39 years old, holding a degree, and not disabled. The individuals with higher wages have work experience (they are at least in their second work contract), are employed in a company with up to four employees, and are residents of the Southeast region of Brazil.
Dialogue-based peer learning of educational topics in a university classroom

This article aims to determine the feasibility of a course on education-related topics based on dialogue-based peer learning (DBPL). According to the literature, the procedures of DBPL are as follows: (1) read texts, (2) formulate individual opinions, (3) express individual opinions in turns, (4) ask and respond to questions, (5) adjust personal opinions. A quantitative survey, an open-ended question on learning perceptions and four paper-and-pencil tests on educational topics were employed to determine the effectiveness of the course for participants’ learning. Most of the participants performed well in the tests and perceived the benefits of the DBPL method for comprehension and for critical thinking on educational topics. The first three steps in the procedure outlined above were identified as key to the results of the study.
A Systematic Design of Stabilizer Controller for Interval Type-2 TSK Fuzzy Logic Systems

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new method for designing a state feedback controller for stabilizing and also making the desired performance of Interval Type-2 Takagi–Sugeno-Kang Fuzzy Logic Systems (fIT2 TSK FLS). By using the advantages of WU-Mendel Uncertainty Bounds (WM-UB) method, this paper proposes a new approach for Single-Input and Single-Output (SISO) and Multi-Input and Multi-Output (MIMO) interval type-2 TSK systems, which is based on the Hybrid Compensation Control (HCC) approach. The advantages of this method are no necessity to solving any Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) to find a quadratic Lyapunov function for designing the stabilizer controller and also, the designed controller could compensate the time-varying variations. It should be noted that the inference engine is formulated in closed form and does not require using any type of reduction. Some examples have been conducted in our study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design approach and compare this method with the previous approaches. All results illustrate good control performance.
Trans Fatty Acid Analysis of Frying Oil Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy: A Study on Indian Traditional Snack Foods

Background: Trans Fatty Acid (TFA) content in oil is an important quality parameter due to its adverse health effect. This study was aimed to examine the TFA content in the frying oil used by street food vendors in India for two traditional snack foods. Methods: Totally, 143 oil samples were collected at different frying times (0, 2, and 4 h) from five different vendors for Samosa and Jalebi. TFA levels of the oil samples were analyzed by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATRFTIR). Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software version 23.0. Results: ATR-FTIR spectra exhibited an increase in peak intensity at 966 cm-1 with different frying time in both frying oil samples, indicating the formation of TFA. The TFA content in oils fried at 4 h was significantly higher than the ones at 0 and 2 intervals. It was found that 3 out of 74 (4%) Samosa fried oils and 12 out of 69 (17.4%) Jalebi fried oils were over the maximum allowed regulatory limit of TFA (5%). Jalebi fried oils had significantly higher TFA content than Samosa fried oils. Conclusion: The increase in frying time decreased the peroxide values and increased saturated fatty acids and TFA values of oils used for both food items. The local vendors and consumers should be educated by national authorities regarding health risk of TFA in street fried snacks.