Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the relationship between coronal waves associated with a CME on 5 March 2000

Aims. To study the relationship between coronal mass ejection (CME) associated waves. Methods. Analysis of CME eruption observations on 5 Mar. 2000 recorded by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO), the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS), and the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Results. Images recorded by the LASCO/C2 show a clear deflection and kink in a streamer located eastward of the CME. The kink in the streamer propagated outwards along with the associated CME. No CME material was seen between the bright front of the CME and the streamer. UVCS spectra show large spectral line broadening, Doppler shifts and intensity changes in the O vi (λ1032 & 1037) lines. Moreover, intensity enhancements in lines such as Si xii λ 520 and Mg x λ 625 forming at very high temperatures (>2 MK; not often observed in the corona) were also observed. EIT images show the propagation of a wave from the CME source region. The speed of the wave was about 55 km s −1 and it propagated predominantly in the North-East direction from the source region. Furthermore, it does not propagate through active regions and coronal holes. The deflection in the streamer recorded in the LASCO/C2 was in the same direction as that of the EIT wave. Conclusions. Spatial and temporal correlations show that the deflection and the propagation of the kink in the streamer (based on the LASCO data), and plasma heating and spectral line broadening (based on the UVCS data), are basically due to a CME-driven shock wave. The spatial and temporal correlations between the EIT wave and the shock wave provide strong evidence in favor of the interpretation that the EIT waves are indeed the counterpart of CME-driven shock waves in the lower corona. Although, we cannot rule out the possibility that the EIT waves are just a manifestation of the stretching of the field lines due to the outward propagation of the CMEs.
Accurate and Efficient SOH Estimation for Retired Batteries

There will be an increasing number of retired batteries in the foreseeable future. Retired batteries can reduce pollution and be used to construct a battery cycle ecosystem. To use retired batteries more efficiently, it is critical to be able to determine their State of Health (SOH) precisely and speedily. SOH can be estimated accurately through a comprehensive and inefficient charge-and-discharge procedure. However, the comprehensive charge and discharge is a time-consuming process and will make the SOH assessment for many retired batteries unrealistic. This paper proposes an accurate and efficient SOH Estimation (SOH-E) method using the actual data of retired batteries. A battery data acquisition system is designed to acquire retired batteries’ comprehensive discharge and charge data. The acquired discharge data are separated into various time interval-segregated sub-data. Then, the specially designed features for SOH-E are extracted from the sub-data. Neural Networks (NNs) are trained using these sub-data. The retired batteries’ SOH levels are then estimated after the NNs’ training. The experiments described herein use retired lead–acid batteries. The batteries’ rated voltage and capacity are 12 V and 90 Ah, respectively. Different feature value extractions and time intervals that might affect the SOH-E accuracy and are tested. The Backpropagation NN (BPNN) and Long-Short-Term-Memory NN (LSTMNN) are designed to estimate SOH in this paper. The experimental results indicate that SOH can be calculated in 30 min. The Root-Mean-Square Errors (RMSEs) are less than 3%. The proposed SOH-E can help decrease pollution, extend the life cycle of a retired battery, and establish a battery cycle ecosystem.
Convective-Scale Structure and Evolution during a High-Resolution Simulation of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification

Abstract The role of convective-scale processes in a 1.67-km mesoscale model simulation of the rapid intensification (RI) of Hurricane Dennis (2005) is presented. The structure and evolution of inner-core precipitating areas during RI, the statistical properties of precipitation during times experiencing vigorous convection (termed convective bursts here) and how they differ from nonburst times, possible differences in convective bursts associated with RI and those not associated with RI, and the impacts of precipitation morphology on the vortex-scale structure and evolution during RI are all examined. The onset of RI is linked to an increase in the areal extent of convective precipitation in the inner core, while the inner-core stratiform precipitating area remains unchanged and the intensity increases only after RI has begun. RI is not tied to a dramatic increase in the number of convective bursts nor in the characteristics of the bursts, such as burst intensity. Rather, the immediate cause of RI is a s.
THE PRINCIPALS’ LEADERSHIP IN MANAGING JOB DESCRIPTION AT MAN 2 BANDA ACEH

The leadership of the madrasa principal substantially plays a significant role in promoting the quality of an educational institution. Implementing the job description in specific departments should be carefully applied and fulfill the applied procedures. The objective of this study was to find out the process of job description application conducted by the principal of MAN 2 Banda Aceh. This study is categorized as qualitative research, employing observation, interview, and documentation as data collection techniques. The data were analyzed through several steps: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The findings of this study indicated that the principal of MAN 2 Banda Aceh has administratively implemented job description management based on the existing regulation. Managerially, the principal held specific tests for the employees (teachers and staff) assigning the job description. In addition, conditions and criteria were established in deciding the job description, namely formation request, educational background, working experience, physical and mental health, age, social relationship, and so on. The principal of MAN 2 Banda Aceh faced some obstacles in placing the job description encompassing internal and external factors, namely the mindset and culture-set of employees. At the same time, externally, they were influenced by the complex skill and possible personal and political interests of personnel.
The accuracy of clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis in Dutch general practice: a diagnostic accuracy study

Background Onychomycosis, the most common cause of nail dystrophy, is generally diagnosed by clinical examination. Current guidelines for Dutch general practice advise confirmatory testing only in cases of doubt or insufficient response to treatment. However, making a correct diagnosis can be challenging given the wide variety of clinical features and differential diagnosis. Aim To establish accuracy of clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis by GPs. Design & setting A diagnostic accuracy study based on GPs' clinical diagnosis of primary care patients suspected of onychomycosis. Method Using 137 complete datasets from the Onycho Trial, diagnostic accuracy of clinical diagnosis as the index test was compared with confirmatory testing as the reference test. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine diagnostic values for different combinations of index and reference test. Logistical regression was used to assess which clinical characteristics were associated with the positive predictive value (PPV) of the index test. Results Clinical accuracy, that is the PPV of the index test, was 74.5%. Sensitivity analysis showed no significant difference in diagnostic values. Male sex and a history of any previous treatment significantly increased clinical accuracy with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.873 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.230 to 12.195, P = 0.021) and OR 4.022 (95% CI = 1.075 to 15.040, P = 0.039), respectively. Conclusion The study demonstrated that the GPs' clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis was insufficiently accurate to initiate treatment without confirmatory testing. Further research is needed to investigate how to increase clinical accuracy and reduce potentially unnecessary exposure to treatment.
What Else Can Be Learned When Coding? A Configurative Literature Review of Learning Opportunities Through Computational Thinking

Underpinning the teaching of coding with Computational Thinking has proved relevant for diverse learners, particularly given the increasing demand in upskilling for today’s labour market. While literature on computing education is vast, it remains unexplored how existing CT conceptualisations relate to the learning opportunities needed for a meaningful application of coding in non-Computer Scientists’ lives and careers. In order to identify and organise the learning opportunities in the literature about CT, we conducted a configurative literature review of studies published on Web of Science, between 2006 and 2021. Our sample gathers 34 papers and was analysed on NVivo to find key themes. We were able to organise framings of CT and related learning opportunities into three dimensions: functional, collaborative, and critical and creative. These dimensions make visible learning opportunities that range from individual cognitive development to interdisciplinary working with others, and to active participation in a technologically evolving society. By comparing and contrasting frameworks, we identify and explain different perspectives on skills. Furthermore, the three-dimensional model can guide pedagogical design and practice in coding courses.
Evaluating the scalability of reconfigurable manufacturing systems at the design phase

To face market volatility, reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) aim to efficiently and cost-effectively react to changes. We focus on one characteristic of RMS: the scalability (ability to adapt the volume of throughput). In the literature, the only few indicators for scalability are not always formally defined and usually only consider a partial view of scalability. Moreover, most of them are actually more suited for the configuration planning rather than for the design. However, the design of the RMS has a high impact on its scalability. We propose the first combinatorial definition of this problem and a new measure to fully assess the scalability of a system at the design phase. This measure, based on a multi-objective approach, can assess the scalability of single-product manufacturing systems, analysing all configurations that it can implement. We present numerical experiments to compare this indicator with a state-of-the-art scalability indicator and with some classical production line design indicators, and we show that future research should focus on scalability as a specific criterion to optimise during the design of an RMS. In addition, the results obtained allow us to infer some managerial insights on the best levers to use when performing a reconfiguration for scalability purpose.
Accelerating Payload Release from Complex Coacervates through Mechanical Stimulation

Complex coacervates formed through the association of charged polymers with oppositely charged species are often investigated for controlled release applications and can provide highly sustained (multi-day, -week or -month) release of both small-molecule and macromolecular actives. This release, however, can sometimes be too slow to deliver the active molecules in the doses needed to achieve the desired effect. Here, we explore how the slow release of small molecules from coacervate matrices can be accelerated through mechanical stimulation. Using coacervates formed through the association of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) with pentavalent tripolyphosphate (TPP) ions and Rhodamine B dye as the model coacervate and payload, we demonstrate that slow payload release from complex coacervates can be accelerated severalfold through mechanical stimulation (akin to flavor release from a chewed piece of gum). The stimulation leading to this effect can be readily achieved through either perforation (with needles) or compression of the coacervates and, besides accelerating the release, can result in a deswelling of the coacervate phases. The mechanical activation effect evidently reflects the rupture and collapse of solvent-filled pores, which form due to osmotic swelling of the solute-charged coacervate pellets and is most pronounced in release media that favor swelling. This stimulation effect is therefore strong in deionized water (where the swelling is substantial) and only subtle and shorter-lived in phosphate buffered saline (where the PAH/TPP coacervate swelling is inhibited). Taken together, these findings suggest that mechanical activation could be useful in extending the complex coacervate matrix efficacy in highly sustained release applications where the slowly releasing coacervate-based sustained release vehicles undergo significant osmotic swelling.
Machine learning approaches to predict age from accelerometer records of physical activity at biobank scale

Physical activity improves quality of life and protects against age-related diseases. With age, physical activity tends to decrease, increasing vulnerability to disease in the elderly. In the following, we trained a neural network to predict age from 115,456 one week-long 100Hz wrist accelerometer recordings from the UK Biobank (mean absolute error = 3.7±0.2 years), using a variety of data structures to capture the complexity of real-world activity. We achieved this performance by preprocessing the raw frequency data as 2,271 scalar features, 113 time series, and four images. We defined accelerated aging for a participant as being predicted older than one’s actual age and identified both genetic and environmental exposure factors associated with the new phenotype. We performed a genome wide association on the accelerated aging phenotypes to estimate its heritability (h_g2 = 12.3±0.9%) and identified ten single nucleotide polymorphisms in close proximity to genes in a histone and olfactory cluster on chromosome six (e.g HIST1H1C, OR5V1). Similarly, we identified biomarkers (e.g blood pressure), clinical phenotypes (e.g chest pain), diseases (e.g hypertension), environmental (e.g smoking), and socioeconomic (e.g income and education) variables associated with accelerated aging. Physical activity-derived biological age is a complex phenotype associated with both genetic and non-genetic factors.
Simultaneous allocation of buffer capacities and service times in unreliable production lines

ABSTRACT Simultaneous allocation of service times and buffer capacities in manufacturing systems in a random environment is a NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problem. This paper presents a sophisticated simulation-based optimisation approach for the design of unreliable production lines to maximise the production rate. The proposed method allows for a global search using a Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is coupled with Finite Perturbation Analysis (FPA) as a local search technique. Traditional techniques based on perturbation analysis optimise decision variables of the same nature (e.g. service time only, buffer capacity only), whereas the proposed technique simultaneously provides an allocation of service times and buffer capacities. One of the main focuses of this paper is the investigation of the persistence or absence of the buffer and service rate allocation patterns which are among the most essential insights that come from designing production lines. The results show the superiority of the combined GA-FPA approach regarding GA and FPA in terms of solution quality and convergence behaviour. Moreover, considering instances ranging from 3 to 100 machines, our numerical experiments are in line with the literature for small instances (as similar allocation patterns are identified in our work), but important differences are highlighted for medium/large instances.
Buoyancy effects in a horizontal flat-plate boundary layer

Observations made in a well-developed, thermally stratified, horizontal, flat- plate boundary layer are used to study the effects of buoyancy on the mean flow and turbulence structure. These are represented in a similarity framework obtained from the concept of local equilibrium in a fully developed turbulent flow. Mean velocity and temperature profiles in both the inner and outer layers are strongly dependent on the thermal stratification, the former suggesting an increase in the thickness of the viscous sublayer with increasing stability. The coefficients of skin friction and heat transfer, on the other hand, decrease with increasing stability. Normalized turbulent intensities, fluxes and their correlation coefficients also vary with buoyancy. In stable conditions, turbulence becomes rapidly suppressed with increasing stability as more and more energy has to be expended in over- coming buoyancy forces. The buoyancy effects are found to be more dominant in the stress budget than in the turbulent energy budget. The horizontal heat flux is much greater than the vertical heat flux and their ratio increases with stability. The ratio of the eddy diffusivities of heat and momentum, on the other hand, decreases with increasing stability. The spectra of velocity and temperature fluctuations indicate no buoyancy subrange, but the wavenumber corresponding to peak energy is found to increase with increasing stability.
Parameter instability in quantile regression

The paper analyzes the behavior of a test for structural break based on quantile regression estimates. It considers the case of an estimated break in conjunction with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) and non-i.i. d. errors. It compares the null and the alternative models, where the null imposes stability, while the alternative allows the regression coefficients to change in response to the break. The test relies on the increase of the objective function and the worsening of the fit when unnecessary constraints are imposed. An example with serially correlated real data and a Monte Carlo study taking into account non-normal and non-i.i. d. errors analyze the behavior of the test.
On the distances of planetary nebulae

The evolution of the ionization structure of planetary nebulae is calculated from the central-star evolutionary models of Schoenberner (1983). We find the predictions of models in the 0.57--0.64 M/sub sun/ mass range to be consistent with observed nebular parameters of planetary nebulae with known distances. The rapid evolution of the central stars in the Schoenberner models implies that the nebular and central star evolutions are strongly coupled with each other, and interpretations of the nebular properties have to take into account the state of the central star. We also derive a semiempirical mass-radius relationship of the form MproportionalR/sup . beta. /, where . beta. = 2.25-2.50. This relationship suggests that the dependence of the radio flux density on angular size as the result of the expansion of an ionization front has approximately the same form as the flux-angular size dependence for planetary nebulae at different distances. Consequently, distances of ionization-bounded planetary nebulae cannot be reliably determined from the measurement of radio flux (or H.beta.) and angular size alone.
Generalized decomposition of electromagnetic fields in bi-anisotropic media

TE/TM decomposition of electromagnetic fields, with respect to one special direction in space, is well known to be valid for fields in isotropic and uniaxially anisotropic media. The theory was recently generalized to bi-anisotropic media by defining the decomposition for linear combinations of electric and magnetic fields with respect to two vectors. In the present paper, the theory is further generalized by defining the decomposition with respect to four vectors (two six-vectors), which restrict the polarizations of the decomposed electromagnetic fields. It is shown that the class of bi-anisotropic media in which electromagnetic fields can be decomposed into two independent electromagnetic fields (a-field and b-field) is more general than in all previous decomposition theories. It is also shown that the decomposed a- and b-fields see the original bi-anisotropic medium as simpler equivalent ones (aand b-media) for which analytic Green dyadics were previously derived by these authors.
Head Lice Infestation in Pre-High School Girls, Lak Hok Suburban Area, Pathum Thani Province, in Central Thailand

This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey to determine the prevalence of lice infestation in a pre-high school, Lak Hok subdistrict, Pathum Thani Province, in central part of Thailand. The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents/guardians toward head lice in female children during February–April 2020 were evaluated. A total of 83 out of 111 parents (74.8%) agreed to complete consent forms and questionnaires. The prevalence of pediculosis found in this study was 68.7%. The infestation was found in the primary school level (87.5%), which was significantly higher than pre-primary school (29.6%; p < 0.05). Itching scalp was revealed in 93.0% of pediculosis. The results showed that occupation, religion, education, and income showed no significant difference between lice infested and non-infested students (p > 0.05). There was no significant association between sex, occupation, religion, education, income, status of parents, and family size among lice infested and non-infested students (p > 0.05). The parents/guardians showed the middle level of knowledge concerning with pediculosis capitis (66.8%). The lack of knowledge leading, first, to the belief that pediculosis does not need any treatment (89.2%), followed by boys getting head lice more frequently than girls (85.5%), and the belief that sharing infested combs, brushes, or hair ribbons does not result in lice transmission (79.9%). More than 75% of the parents/guardians had experienced infestation of head lice and showed themselves willing and able to diagnose and treat their family. However, 50.6% of them did not feel shame when their children were infested with head lice. Children washing their hair by themselves were found to be a significant factor in infestation (88.5%). High rate of pediculosis in this suburban school needs more intensive care by parents/guardians and teachers. Furthermore, improvement strategies to prevent and control lice in the school need to be more specifically planned and scheduled by teachers and health administrators.
High‐electron‐mobility‐transistor gain stability and its design implications for wide band millimeter wave receivers

Advances in the noise performance and frequency range of high‐electron‐mobility‐transistor devices have led to an increase in their usage in systems below ∼100 GHz. In light of these developments, the effects of low frequency noise upconversion on the performance of the current GaAs device generation are investigated. A spectrum of gain fluctuations characterized by δg2(f)=δg21/(f/1 Hz)α, with α≂0.9 and a spectral density at 1 Hz of δg21≂12 GHz−1 is observed in 45 GHz low noise cryogenic amplifiers. The measured level of fluctuations is in agreement with theoretical device scaling stability predictions. The presence of these fluctuations will limit continuum receiver performance with bandwidths greater than ∼1 GHz under typical operating conditions. The implications of these measurements on the design of wide band receivers and means of reducing sensitivity to gain fluctuations are discussed.