Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SERT II 1980 extended flight thruster experiments

The SERT II spacecraft, launched in 1970, has been maintained in an operational, but intermittent status since 1971. This paper presents the flight results obtained from mid 1979 through December 1980. Near continuous solar power in 1979 and 1980 has enabled long periods of thruster endurance testing. Three of four propellant tanks have been exhausted with no significant change in thruster system operation before being empty. A new plasma mode thrust has been characterized and direct thrust measurements obtained. Other tests, including beam neutralization by various neutralizer sources, give insight to electron conduction across plasmas in space and provide a basis to model neutralization of thruster arrays.
Distributed Optimal Coordination for Heterogeneous Linear Multiagent Systems

This article studies the problem of distributed optimal coordination (DOC) for heterogeneous linear multiagent systems. Compared with the existing results where the structure constraints on local gradients or system matrices are required, the considered DOC framework is sufficiently general in the sense that no extra assumption is required except for the convexity/differentiability of local objective functions and the controllability/observability of linear systems. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the solution to the DOC problem is derived in terms of the relationship between the objective function and so-called steady-state reachable set of linear systems. Under this fundamental condition, the original DOC problem is transformed into the one with additive equality constraint, without loss of the optimality, which generates a trackable solution for agent dynamics. By using a new state transformation technique, it is proved that the proposed DOC algorithm guarantees the global asymptotical convergence by utilizing only local interaction. Simulation results on the motion coordination illustrate the proposed algorithm.
Experimental and Theroetical Investigations of Thrust Variations with Pintle Positions using Cold Gas

*A = throat area of nozzle e A = exit area of nozzle F = load or thrust * C = characteristic exhaust velocity C C = contraction coefficient D C = discharge coefficient f C = thrust coefficient m� = mass flow rate at supersonic nozzle throat n = propellant burn rate exponent amb P = ambient pressure c P = chamber pressure
How Can We Assess the Achievement of The Sustainable Development Goals? – A Review of Indicators and Their Application at the City Level

This paper focuses on the assessment of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and the use of indicators to assess performance at the city level. Although indicators need to reflect the particular local conditions and requirements, the SDGs can provide guidance to local governments on how to assess progress towards sustainable development, both at global and local level. A challenge is that there is no common definition of sustainable cities and often indicators are failing to include the entire spectrum of sustainability, in effect they tend to be dominated by assessing the environmental/ ecological performance. In this paper the use of indicators to evaluate the progress of sustainability in cities will be reviewed. The results of the review will be used to compare existing indicators used to assess sustainable development in cities to the indicators suggested by the UN SDGs.
Applying X-ray Microtomography to Study Microbial-Induced Self-Healing of Geopolymers

Geopolymers are one of the emerging sustainable materials for the building and construction industry. They are inorganic polymers produced from aluminosilicate waste materials such as coal fly ash and have been shown to have a lower carbon footprint as compared with Portland cement. However, geopolymers are a cementitious material like Portland cement-based concrete and are thus brittle and prone to develop cracks. The use of microorganisms has recently been considered as an approach to improve the self-healing capability of geopolymers through microbial-induced calcite precipitation. The application of X-ray microtomography to observe the potential of self-healing of bio-geopolymers is explored in this study. Bio-geopolymers were produced from the alkali activation of coal fly ash and mixed with self-healing agents using a form of biocharimmobilized spores of B. sphaericus and B. thuringiensis. These bio-geopolymers were then scanned using micro-focus XCT to obtain a visualization of the microstructure of the material via a non-destructive 3D imaging technique after self-healing. Coupled with image analysis, quantification of the segmented data allowed further investigation of self-healing through comparison with the other self-healing characterization method.
Postural Variabilities Associated with the Most Comfortable Sitting Postures: A Preliminary Study

This study examined postural variabilities based on the self-perceived most comfortable postures of 12 participants (six men and six women) when sitting on three commonly used types of chairs (a stool, computer chair, and gaming chair). Participants’ global joint angles were recorded and analyzed. Of the chairs studied, the stool was not adjustable, but the computer and gaming chairs were moderately and highly adjustable, respectively. During the test, participants were encouraged to adjust the chairs until they perceived that the most comfortable posture had been reached. The results demonstrated that in a sitting position perceived to be comfortable, the participants’ postural variabilities with respect to global joint angle, calculated from five repetitions, were unexpectedly high for all three chair types, at approximately 9.4, 10.2, and 11.1° for head inclination, trunk angle, and knee angle, respectively. The average differences in range for each joint angle among the three chair types were relatively low, with all values within 3°. The result also showed that gender (p < 0.01) and chair type (p < 0.001) significantly affected trunk angle, whereas these variables did not affect head inclination or knee angle (p > 0.05). The preliminary results observed unexpectedly high variabilities in sitting posture when the participants sat at a posture that they perceived to be the most comfortable. The findings also indicated an inherent difference in comfortable sitting posture between genders; women tend to extend their trunk backward more than men. For permanent use with only an initial adjustment and memory-aided seat design, designers should minimize the loads that are borne by body parts over a prolonged period due to an unchanging sitting posture.
The Development of BTK Inhibitors: A Five-Year Update

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) represented, in the past ten years, an important target for the development of new therapeutic agents that could be useful for cancer and autoimmune disorders. To date, five compounds, able to block BTK in an irreversible manner, have been launched in the market, whereas many reversible BTK inhibitors (BTKIs), with reduced side effects that are more useful for long-term administration in autoimmune disorders, are under clinical investigation. Despite the presence in the literature of many articles and reviews, studies on BTK function and BTKIs are of great interest for pharmaceutical companies as well as academia. This review is focused on compounds that have appeared in the literature from 2017 that are able to block BTK in an irreversible or reversible manner; also, new promising tunable irreversible inhibitors, as well as PROTAC molecules, have been reported. This summary could improve the knowledge of the chemical diversity of BTKIs and provide information for future studies, particularly from the medicinal chemistry point of view. Data reported here are collected from different databases (Scifinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Pubmed) using “BTK” and “BTK inhibitors” as keywords.
Knowledge Base Combinations and Innovation Performance in Swedish Regions

Abstract The literature on geography of innovation suggests that innovation outcomes depend on a diversity of knowledge inputs, which can be captured with the differentiated knowledge base approach. While knowledge bases are distinct theoretical categories, existing studies stress that innovation often involves combinations of analytical, synthetic, and symbolic knowledge. It remains unclear, though, which combinations are most conducive to innovation at the level of the firm and how this is influenced by the knowledge bases available in the region. This article fills this gap by reviewing the conceptual arguments on how and why certain firm and regional knowledge base combinations relate to firm innovativeness and by investigating these relationships econometrically. The knowledge base is captured using detailed occupational data derived from linked employer–employee data sets merged at the firm level with information from Community Innovation Surveys in Sweden. The results indicate that analytical knowledge outweighs the importance of synthetic and symbolic knowledge and that, however, firms benefit most from being located in a region with a balanced mix of all three knowledge bases.
EMC Analysis Methods and Computational Models

PRELIMINARIES. Introduction to Modeling and EMC. System Decomposition for EMC Modeling. LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCUIT MODELS. Lumped-Parameter Circuit Models. HIGH-FREQUENCY AND BROADBAND COUPLING MODELS. Radiation Models for Wire Antennas. Radiation, Diffraction, and Scattering Models for Apertures. TRANSMISSION LINE MODELS. Transmission Line Theory. Field Coupling Using Transmission Line Theory. Effects of a Lossy Ground on Transmission Lines. SHIELDING MODELS. Shielded Cables. Shielding. Appendices. Index.
Deep Extended Hazard Models for Survival Analysis

Unlike standard prediction tasks, survival analysis requires modeling right censored data, which must be treated with care. While deep neural networks excel in traditional supervised learning, it remains unclear how to best utilize these models in survival analysis. A key question asks which data-generating assumptions of traditional survival models should be retained and which should be made more ﬂexible via the function-approximating capabilities of neural networks. Rather than estimating the survival function targeted by most existing methods, we introduce a Deep Extended Hazard (DeepEH) model to provide a ﬂexible and general framework for deep survival analysis. The extended hazard model includes the conventional Cox proportional hazards and accelerated failure time models as special cases, so DeepEH subsumes the popular Deep Cox proportional hazard (DeepSurv) and Deep Accelerated Failure Time (DeepAFT) models. We additionally provide theoretical support for the proposed DeepEH model by establishing consistency and convergence rate of the survival function estimator, which underscore the attractive feature that deep learning is able to detect low-dimensional structure of data in high-dimensional space. Numerical experiments also provide evidence that the proposed methods outperform existing statistical and deep learning approaches to survival analysis.
The cost‐effectiveness of reflectance spectroscopy for estimating soil organic carbon

Reflectance spectra of soil can be used to estimate the concentrations of organic carbon in soil (SOC). The estimates are more or less imprecise, but spectroscopy is quicker, less laborious and cheaper than conventional dry combustion analysis. Are the greater economy and efficiency sufficient to justify the loss of information arising from errors in estimation? We measured soil spectra with three instruments: a bench‐top mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) (mid‐IRb) spectrometer, a portable mid‐IR (mid‐IRp) spectrometer and a portable visible–near infrared (vis–NIRp) spectrometer. We calculated a quantity E to express the cost‐effectiveness of spectroscopic estimates relative to the conventional analysis, by accounting for their inaccuracy, their cost and their capacity, namely the maximum number of samples that can be prepared and measured daily. In all, 562 samples of soil were collected from 150 locations at four depths on a farm. The samples were dried and ground to particle sizes of ≤2 and ≤0.5 mm before measurements were made by dry‐combustion analysis. The machine learning algorithm Cubist was used to derive spectroscopic models of SOC concentrations and their uncertainties. We found that the mid‐IRb on the ≤0.5 mm samples was the most accurate and expensive but nevertheless sufficiently cost‐effective (large value of E) for determining the organic C. The mid‐IRp was somewhat more accurate, but its E was smaller than vis–NIRp on corresponding samples because it required more time to record the spectra. We also found that, with the portable spectrometers, the SOC predictions made on the ≤0.5 mm samples were somewhat more accurate than those made on the ≤2 mm samples, but their E was smaller because of the additional cost of sample preparation. The vis–NIRp on the ≤2 mm samples was the most cost‐effective for estimating SOC because it is cheap, accurate and has a large capacity for measurements.
WINGATE MUSCULAR POWER TEST REFERENCE VALUES FOR ACTIVE HEALTHY ADULTS AGES 19-29: NORMATIVE DATA AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEX

The Wingate Muscular Power Test (WMPT) has existed for several decades and to this day is considered the gold standard for evaluating an individual’s muscular power. However, the utility of this test is predicated on having accurate and relevant normative data with which to compare individual results. At present, the existing literature on this subject is either several decades old and/or inclusive of only specific subject groups (i.e. men only or sport-specific athletes). This study presents WMPT normative values for active healthy adults ages 19-29, separated by sex. The sample consisted of 330 active healthy volunteers (186 men and 144 women). Peak and mean power in absolute and relative value as well as fatigue index were all recorded. Three different relative powers were calculated based on body mass, lean body mass, and body mass to the two-thirds power. 19-29 age specific normative power and fatigue index values among healthy adults are defined. Peak and relative power results were higher for men than women, but not fatigue index. The norms for absolute power, relative power, and fatigue index produced from this study are considerably higher than previously developed norms. Normative reference value tables were generated and can be used by college-age active health adults and campus recreational club coaches to evaluate muscular power and fatigue index in their recreational athletes.
OP-BRCM200103 1..14

trajectories over the disease course of autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease Lisa Vermunt, Ellen Dicks, Guoqiao Wang, Aylin Dincer, Shaney Flores, Sarah J. Keefe, Sarah B. Berman, David M. Cash, Jasmeer P. Chhatwal, Carlos Cruchaga, Nick C. Fox, Bernardino Ghetti, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Jason Hassenstab, Celeste M. Karch, Christoph Laske, Johannes Levin, Colin L. Masters, Eric McDade, Hiroshi Mori, John C. Morris, James M. Noble, Richard J. Perrin, Peter R. Schofield, Chengjie Xiong, Philip Scheltens, Pieter Jelle Visser, Randall J. Bateman, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Betty M. Tijms and Brian A. Gordon; on behalf of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN)*
Evaluation of a model that estimates insulin sensitivity in dairy cows

Glucose challenge data was used to model parameters describing the dynamics of the glucose-insulin system such as glucose effectiveness (SG), acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and insulin sensitivity (SI) in dairy cows. The relationship of these parameters with post-partum anovulatory interval (PPAI) was also determined. Twenty-five HF cows of New Zealand (NZ; n=13) and Overseas (OS; n=12) origin, were fed either pasture (n=12) or a total mixed ration (TMR; n=13) in a 2x2 factorial design. At two weeks postpartum, they were challenged intravenously with 300 mg of glucose/kg live weight. There was no effect of diet on SG (P=0.302), SI (P=0.17) or AIRg (P=0.093) despite TMR cows of both genotypes having higher values. There was no effect of genotype on SG (P=0.234), SI (P=0.742) or AIRg (P=0.385). Correlations of these parameters with PPAI were not statistically significant: SI (r 2 =0.087, P=0.310), SG (r 2 = 0.001, P=0.962) and AIRg (r 2 =0.036, P=0.320). Use of this model demonstrated that insulin response parameters
Capability measures for Weibull processes with mean shift based on Ertos-Weibull control chart

Process capability indices (PCIs), which are effective tools for quality assurance and are guidance for process improvement, have been proposed in the manufacturing industry to provide numerical measures on process reproduction capability. PCIs are calculated under the assumption that the process is stable while the process mean and variation are not changeable. However, in practice, the process is dynamic. Under the Bothe’s adjustments, we showed the detection powers of the percentile-Weibull control chart, bootstrap-Weibull control chart, and the Bayes-Weibull control chart. It is realized that the Bothe’s adjustments are inadequate with data coming from Weibull processes. For this reason, the PCIs have to be adjusted. Bothe (2002) provided the adjustment method for normality processes. In this research, we consider Weibull processes, which cover a wide class of applications. We calculate the mean shift adjustments under various sample sizes n and Weibull parameter γ, with the power fixed to 0.5. Then, we implement the adjustments to accurately estimate capability index Cpk for Weibull processes with mean shift consideration. Finally, an application example is presented for illustration purpose. Key words: Dynamic Cpk, mean shift, process capability index, Weibull distribution,Weibull control chart.
Meta-Analysis of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT): Challenging its Validity and Charting a Research Agenda in the Red Ocean

There are both formal and informal cries that UTAUT and, by association, the stream of research on technology adoption has reached its limit, with little or no opportunities for new knowledge creation. Such a conclusion is ironic because the theory has not been sufficiently and suitably replicated. It is possible that misspecifications in the various replications, applications, and extensions have led to the incorrect conclusion that UTAUT is more robust than it really is, leaving limited opportunities for future work. Although work on UTAUT has included important variables, predictors, and moderators, absent a faithful use of the original specification, it is impossible to assess the true nature of the effects of the original and additional variables. The present meta-analysis uses 25,619 effect sizes reported by 737,112 users in 1,935 independent samples to address this issue. Consequently, we develop a clear current state-of-the-art and revised UTAUT that extends the original theory with new endogenous mechanisms from different, other theories (i.e., technology compatibility, user education, personal innovativeness, and costs of technology) and new moderating mechanisms to examine the generalizability of UTAUT in different contexts (e.g., technology type and national culture). Based on this revised UTAUT, we present a research agenda that can guide future research on the topic of technology adoption in general and UTAUT in particular.
New challenges for reverse engineering in facial treatments: How can the new 3D non-invasive surface measures support diagnoses and cures?

Reverse engineering can give new challenges for diagnosis and facial treatments, offering 3D measurements, impossible to obtain only few years ago, in terms of richness of information, precision, accuracy and reliability. In this paper the main aspects and methods for skull and facial scanning and measurement are analyzed, considering volumetric methods (CT, MRI) and surface approaches (laser scanning, structured light and photogrammetry). These latter are particularly interesting because they avoid exposing the patient to ionising radiation and to any biological risk. The EU directives in fact require minimisation of radiographic exposure, that will be in the near future justified only for real diseases, but not for aesthetic treatments and surgery, orthodontics, and malocclusions. Photogrammetry is very promising for the digital reconstruction of human faces; it seems to offer the best compromise with respect to realistic and accurate reproduction, processing time, simplicity and cost of equipment. New software platforms have been developed to integrate the information acquired using different tools: photogrammetry, CT/Cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT), laser scans of dental cast study models. In this way a powerful multi-user database system can be realised to track the patient's imaging history throughout the treatment cycle and to forecast the growth and the results of the treatments.
Nonparametric multidimensional fixed effects panel data models

Abstract Multidimensional panel datasets are routinely employed to identify marginal effects in empirical research. Fixed effects estimators are typically used to deal with potential correlation between unobserved effects and regressors. Nonparametric estimators for one-way fixed effects models exist, but are cumbersome to employ in practice as they typically require iteration, marginal integration or profile estimation. We develop a nonparametric estimator that works for essentially any dimension fixed effects model, has a closed form solution and can be estimated in a single step. A cross-validation bandwidth selection procedure is proposed and asymptotic properties (for either a fixed or large time dimension) are given. Finite sample properties are shown via simulations, as well as with an empirical application, which further extends our model to the partially linear setting.
Efficiency-Wage Competition and Nonlinear Dynamics

In this paper we develop a nonlinear version of the efficiency-wage competition model pioneered by Hahn (1987). Under the assumption that the strategic relationship among optimal wage bids put forward by competing firms is non-monotonic, we show that market wage offers can display persistent fluctuations. Thereafter, assuming that employers are never constrained in the labour market, we give evidence that in the parameter region of chaotic dynamics, the model is able to reproduce the business cycle regularity according to which average wages fluctuate less than aggregate employment. JEL Classification: C72, E12, E24, J41.
Web-Based Client Advisory Decision Support System for Design.Builder Prequalification

The design-build procurement route is gaining popularity and being extensively used by many clients. Scrutinizing the capabilities of design-build "candidate" organizations (who submit proposals for prequalification/short listing), is a complex task that demands the evaluation of several quantitative and qualitative attributes. The crucial task of design-builder prequalification needs multidisciplinary expertise that often poses tough challenges to many construction clients. A Hong Kong based cross-sectional research study of various international clients' design-builder selection approaches unveiled several selection strategies and criteria used; and benchmarked some best practices. Based on such consolidated knowledge, a structured design-builder selection model was developed. The conceptualized frameworks for design-builder prequalification are described in this paper. An overview of the development and preliminary validation of a prototype web-based decision support system for design-builder prequalification is also presented in this paper.