Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate Approximation of System Capacity in MISO Broadcast Channel: A Massive-Antenna Perspective

The massive-antenna is widely considered as one of key technologies in the 5th generation (5G) networks and beyond. To approach the system capacity with the massive-antenna, it is highly demanded for fundamental research on i) how to obtain the system capacity of massive-antenna based broadcast channel (BC) with simple closed-form expressions, and ii) how to approach the system capacity efficiently. To address such two problems, this paper focuses on the massive-multiple-input single-output (mMISO) BC transmission, which is a common scenario in cellular networks. With regarding the massive-antenna, we derive a precise approximation of the system capacity for all possible power splits, and its expression is as simple as the formula of Shannon capacity. It is proved that the derived approximation is a lower-bound of the system capacity and asymptotically approaches the system capacity with respect to the number of transmit antennas. Thus, the derived approximation is valuable in the massive-antenna cases. Based on the approximation, we show how to jointly employ the massive-antenna and superposition coding to approach the system capacity with a low computational complexity. The simulations validate the correctness of the derived outcomes in mMISO-BC. Consequently, the aforementioned two complicated problems are effectively circumvented in this paper.
Evaluation of trace evidence in the form of multivariate data

Summary. The evaluation of measurements on characteristics of trace evidence found at a crime scene and on a suspect is an important part of forensic science. Five methods of assessment for the value of the evidence for multivariate data are described. Two are based on significance tests and three on the evaluation of likelihood ratios. The likelihood ratio which compares the probability of the measurements on the evidence assuming a common source for the crime scene and suspect evidence with the probability of the measurements on the evidence assuming different sources for the crime scene and suspect evidence is a well‐documented measure of the value of the evidence. One of the likelihood ratio approaches transforms the data to a univariate projection based on the first principal component. The other two versions of the likelihood ratio for multivariate data account for correlation among the variables and for two levels of variation: that between sources and that within sources. One version assumes that between‐source variability is modelled by a multivariate normal distribution; the other version models the variability with a multivariate kernel density estimate. Results are compared from the analysis of measurements on the elemental composition of glass.
Inclusion of a TKE Boundary Layer Parameterization in the Canadian Regional Finite-Element Model

Abstract The formulation of the regional model recently implemented by the Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada for its operational 48 h NWP forecasts is presented. The emphasis is put on the parameterization of the physical processes, especially those affecting the atmospheric boundary layer. The originality of this model, in addition to the use of 3-D finite elements, of variable meshes in both the horizontal and vertical, and of being non-nested (as previously described by Staniforth and Daley), consists in the treatment of the time-dependent turbulent Kinetic energy (TKE) and the inclusion of the full diurnal cycle. The overall organization of the model calculations it also presented in order to convey a more accurate description of this integrated system. Sample results from the well-known case of the Presidents' Day Cyclone of 1979 and general performance are covered in the last section.
Homogenization of variational inequalities for obstacle problems

Results on the convergence of solutions of variational inequalities for obstacle problems are proved. The variational inequalities are defined by a non-linear monotone operator of the second order with periodic rapidly oscillating coefficients and a sequence of functions characterizing the obstacles. Two-scale and macroscale (homogenized) limiting variational inequalities are obtained. Derivation methods for such inequalities are presented. Connections between the limiting variational inequalities and two-scale and macroscale minimization problems are established in the case of potential operators.
Scavenging efficiencies of aerosol particles in marine stratocumulus and cumulus clouds

Scavenging efficiencies of aerosol particles in marine stratocumulus and cumulus clouds obtained using Counterflow Virtual Impactors mounted on aircraft are presented as a function of pollution level. The greatest accumulation‐mode particle number and mass‐scavenging fractions were found for clean conditions, and are consistent with (but slightly lower than) previous studies. Vertical gradients in the concentrations of coarse‐mode particles observed in shallow and decoupled marine boundary layers reduced the influence of sea‐salt particles, in terms of broadening the cloud droplet spectra and as a possible mechanism to oxidize SO2 to non‐sea‐salt sulphate in the marine stratiform cloud layer. For supersaturations typical for marine stratocumulus clouds, particles smaller than 0. 1µm in diameter dominated the formation of cloud droplets for several of the cases analysed here. For larger supersaturations, in stratocumulus clouds inside an area of cumulus penetration, the concentration of residual particles smaller than 0. 1µm in diameter was nearly a factor of three higher than the accumulation‐mode number. Poor correlation was found between accumulation‐mode residual particle number and mass with cloud droplet number for the clean‐condition category. This suggests that the particles determining the cloud droplet number populations in clean conditions and for polluted situations with relatively large updraughts were below the accumulation‐mode size range. Additionally, it seems that the droplet numbers were insensitive to changes in the accumulation‐mode mass for these conditions. © Royal Meteorological Society, 2003. S. R. Osborne's contribution is Crown copyright
An Adaptive-based Predicted Nodes Behavior Algorithm in Flying Ad Hoc Networks

This paper discusses implementing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for various military & civil parts with the creation of flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs), as recent applications include remote aerial nodes. Communication among UAVs in FANETs must be flexible, dependable, and delay-bounded so that network can continue to provide the needed level of service while also accommodating the ever-increasing number of UAVs. Data routing between UAVs in a FANET is much more complex than in a MANET due to the more significant mobility requirements of the former. Modifications to the network’s topology need real-time adjustments to the routing tables. FANET provides a reliable connection between UAVs by ignoring metric computations of most current routing algorithms. Due to the extreme mobility of nodes in FANET, route reliability is also a significant issue. Based on these findings, this study presents PF-WGTR, a novel routing method. A consistent routine route is determined using a weighted algorithm that predicts the future values of specific parameters at each node in a FANH F. The suggested routing method uses each node’s predicted future value to determine the node’s weight within the network. This enables the communication nodes to set up a dedicated and stable route over a lengthy period. This dynamic routing system optimizes energy usage by looking ahead and making predictions. It reduces the amount of data lost in transit while maintaining the same or greater throughput than current routing protocols. The proposed protocol PF-WGTR could achieve laetter results than others hised on the valuation of simulation results.
Dynamic compression of copper to over 450 GPa: A high-pressure standard

An absolute stress-density path for shocklessly compressed copper is obtained to over 450 GPa. A magnetic pressure drive is temporally tailored to generate shockless compression waves through over 2.5 mm thick copper samples. The free–surface velocity data is analyzed for Lagrangian sound velocity using the iterative Lagrangian analysis (ILA) technique, which relies upon the method of characteristics. We correct for the effects of strength and plastic work heating to determine an isentropic compression path. By assuming a Debye model for the heat capacity, we can further correct the isentrope to an isotherm. Our determination of the isentrope and isotherm of copper represents a highly accurate pressure standard for copper to over 450 GPa. (? /? words)
Effect of the number of scale points on chi‐square fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis

This article investigates the effect of the number of item response categories on chi‐square statistics for confirmatory factor analysis to assess whether a greater number of categories increases the likelihood of identifying spurious factors, as previous research had concluded. Four types of continuous single‐factor data were simulated for a 20‐item test: (a) uniform for all items, (b) symmetric unimodal for all items, (c) negatively skewed for all items, or (d) negatively skewed for 10 items and positively skewed for 10 items. For each of the 4 types of distributions, item responses were divided to yield item scores with 2,4, or 6 categories. The results indicated that the chi‐square statistic for evaluating a single‐factor model was most inflated (suggesting spurious factors) for 2‐category responses and became less inflated as the number of categories increased. However, the Satorra‐Bentler scaled chi‐square tended not to be inflated even for 2‐category responses, except if the continuous item data ha.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER OF A HEATED CHANNEL WITH AN OSCILLATING CYLINDER

A numerical simulation is performed to study the influence on the heat transfer rate of the heated wall in the channel with an oscillating cylinder. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian kinematic description method is adopted to describe the flow and thermal fields. A penalty consistent finite-element formulation is applied to solve the governing equations. The effects of Reynolds number, oscillating amplitude, oscillating frequency, eccentric ratio, and blockage on the heat transfer characteristics of the heated wall are examined. The results show that not only the region relating to heat transfer is enlarged substantially, but also that the heat transfer rate of this region is enhanced remarkably.
Applications on High-Speed Carry Speculative Adder with Block-Based Carry for Error-Tolerant

In error-tolerant applications, approximate computing can improve performance and power efficiency while decreasing design complexity. For the most part, minor errors in the output of multimedia programmes still provide us with useful information. Since this is the case, we can ignore the need for precision in our outputs. In this note, we discuss a novel method for approximating a full adder by modifying the logic at the gate level so as to take advantage of the reduction in the requirement for numerical exactness. To outline this thought, we propose a few rough sort full adders with decreased door level intricacy and use them to configuration surmised multi-bit adders. The proposed surmised adders are displayed to set aside to 98% more power in reproductions than the current executions those utilization precise adders.
Millimeter and Submillimeter Heterodyne Observations of Titan: Retrieval of the Vertical Profile of HCN and the12C/13C Ratio

Abstract We report new observations of the (1–0) line of HCN at 88.63 GHz, emitted by Titan, made in May 1995 with the IRAM 30-m radiotelescope located at Pico Veleta (Spain). Compared to previous observations of Tanguy et al. (1990, Icarus 85, 43–57), the signal-to-noise ratio has been improved by a factor of 5, permitting us to retrieve the vertical distribution of HCN in the 80–350 km altitude range. Using the production rate of HCN predicted from photochemical models, we derive a profile of the eddy diffusion coefficient up to 350 km altitude consistent with the observed HCN vertical distribution. This coefficient increases with height more rapidly than the standard n −0.5 dependence in the stratosphere. The (4–3) line of H 13 CN at 345.34 GHz was subsequently observed with the JCMT on Mauna Kea (Hawaii) in June 1995. The analysis of the two spectra yields a 12 C/ 13 C ratio between 70 and 120, consistent with the terrestrial value. Taking into account possible fractionation processes, we show that the C-bearing species which formed Titan should have had a carbon isotopic ratio in the same range.
A New Blind Adaptive Equalization Method

This paper presents a new blind adaptive equalization method based on the cost function approach. A polynomial function of order three is used in this study as the error that is sent into the equalizer’s update mechanism, as is the case for Godard’s algorithm (constant modulus algorithm) and the modified constant modulus algorithm, also named the multi-modulus algorithm (MMA). But, unlike them, the coefficients of the polynomial function of order three are obtained via the step-size parameter for which the blind adaptive equalizer is deep in its convergence state, as was previously presented by the same author. In addition, those coefficients are optimized with the mean square error (MSE) criteria. The outcomes of the simulation will demonstrate that the equalization performance of our suggested approach is superior to the MMA algorithm for the 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) input for various channels and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values down to 15 [dB].
SparkAC: Fine-Grained Access Control in Spark for Secure Data Sharing and Analytics

With the development of computing and communication technologies, an extremely large amount of data has been collected, stored, utilized, and shared, while new security and privacy challenges arise. Existing access control mechanisms provided by big data platforms have limitations in granularity and expressiveness. In this article, we present SparkAC, a novel access control mechanism for secure data sharing and analysis in Spark. In particular, we first propose a purpose-aware access control (PAAC) model, which introduces new concepts of data processing purpose and data operation purposeand an automatic purpose analysis algorithm that identifies purposes from data analytics operations and queries. Moreover, we develop a unified access control mechanism that implements PAAC model in two modules. GuardSpark++ supports structured data access control in Spark Catalyst and GuardDAG supports unstructured data access control in Spark core. Finally, we evaluate GuardSpark++ and GuardDAG with multiple data sources, applications, and data analytics engines. Experimental results show that SparkAC provides effective access control functionalities with very small (GuardSpark++) or medium (GuardDAG) performance overhead.
The Low-Mass Initial Mass Function in Young Clusters: L1495E

We have developed a technique of IR spectral classification in which we use K-band spectra (R ~ 1000) to derive the spectral types and continuum veilings of young, late-type stars (~1 Myr, >G0). We show close agreement between the spectral types derived in this manner and those obtained optically. We complement previous optical spectroscopy with IR spectra of the most heavily embedded members of the young, embedded cluster L1495E. We critically analyze the translation between observable (spectral type, photometry) and theoretical (Teff, Lbol) parameters and use these data to construct an H-R diagram. We find that the evolutionary tracks of D'Antona & Mazzitelli imply a coeval population of ≤1 Myr and a plausible initial mass function (IMF). However, these models may underestimate the masses of objects near and below the hydrogen burning limit. The models of Swenson produce implausibly old ages and the models of Baraffe et al. yield somewhat old ages and an implausible IMF. We use infrared imaging to show that the spectroscopic sample for this cluster may be seriously incomplete below ~0.15 M☉. After applying a completeness correction to the IMF derived with the tracks of D'Antona & Mazzitelli, we find no evidence for a turnover at low masses; the IMF appears roughly flat in logarithmic mass units. Compared to the results of photometric studies of ρ Oph and NGC 2024, the IMF appears roughly invariant among star-forming environments representing a 2 order of magnitude range in the density of young stars. However, the detailed behavior of the IMF from low stellar masses into the substellar regime will remain uncertain until (1) better evolutionary tracks are available and (2) the sources in the photometric completeness correction can be spectroscopically confirmed as low-mass cluster members.
MLFT-Net: Point Cloud Completion Using Multi-Level Feature Transformer

In the field of 3D vision, point cloud is widely used. However, point clouds obtained in the real world are often incomplete. The emergence of point cloud completion can solve this problem well. The previous methods usually feed the latent code that came from the encoder to the subsequent generator, which causes the point cloud at each level cannot to capture information at different levels. Besides, it prevents the model from generating the details of the point clouds. Therefore, we not only use the point cloud features at different levels of the point cloud in the following refinement module, but also integrate these features with the context information to complete the geometry of the point cloud. We have done a lot of experiments on PCN and ShapeNet benchmark datasets, and the results show that our method is effective.
Social Media Acceptance and e-Learning Post-Covid-19: New factors determine the extension of TAM

The key objective of our study involves devising a conceptual model for estimation of social media acceptance by students for effectively accomplishing their educational and academic goals. Factors e.g., perceived social capital, social influence, and perceived mobility that associated with student acceptance of social media were investigated, and integrated into the TAM model using the PLS-SEM. Data were collected through online survey (461 students) at UAE universities. The findings revealed that mentioned factors positively affected students' intention to use social media during their learning process. Respondents' behavioral intention were also linked to both the core and external constructs of the TAM. Important practical insights on technology acceptance in education were provided.
Free-space micromachined optical switches for optical networking

Fiber-optic switches with high port count have emerged as leading candidates for deployment in future optical transport networks, where restoration and provisioning in the optical layer will become increasingly important. This paper reviews the principle and performance of free-space micromachined optical switches (FS-MOS) featuring free-rotating hinged micromirrors. A single-chip FS-MOS that implements the critical function of bridging-essential for restoration in core optical networks is also proposed and demonstrated. The scalability of FS-MOS devices, and the dependence of their insertion losses on mirror-angle, are estimated theoretically. Simulation results suggest that the FS-MOS approach holds considerable promise for being expandable to the port-count values that will be needed in future core-transport lightwave networks.
Observation and modelling of main-sequence star chromospheres – XV. New constraints on the dynamo mechanisms for dM1 stars

With the help of measures of rotation, radius and metallicity for a selected sample of dM1 stars (with Teff= 3460 ± 60 K), we aim to set new constraints on the dynamo mechanisms. We recover 913 high-resolution spectra for 97 different M1 dwarfs from the European Southern Observatory and Observatoire de Haute Provence data bases. We present 660 new measurements of the Ca ii resonance lines and 913 new measurements of the Hα line for dM1 stars. We also compile other measurements available in the literature. In total, we obtain 2216 measures of the Ca ii lines for 113 different dM1 stars. This represents the largest compilation of chromospheric line measurements at a single spectral type. We cross-correlate these magnetic activity indicators with various stellar parameters to set new constraints on the dynamo mechanisms and on the properties of the outer atmosphere. We find a correlation of the Ca ii line mean equivalent width with the absolute magnitude and the metallicity. We correct the Ca ii line measures from the metallicity effect and find that the surface flux in the Ca ii lines grows roughly as the power of 3.6 of the stellar radius. This corrected flux is a direct measure of magnetic activity at the chromospheric level. We find that the total magnetic activity level grows roughly as the power of 5.6 of the stellar radius. This trend is confirmed by the correlation between the Hα line and absolute magnitude and the Hα line luminosity and stellar radius: the Hα luminosity grows roughly as the volume of the star for low activity dM1 stars and as the power of roughly 5/2 of the stellar radius for dM1e stars. The advantage of the Hα line is that its formation in not dependent on metallicity. In contrast to the Ca ii line, we find no correlation between LX and the absolute magnitude. We find that LX roughly correlates with the Ca ii luminosity although the correlation is not very good. This correlation shows that LX grows as the power of 3/2 of the Ca ii luminosity, i.e. the coronal emission grows faster than the chromospheric emission. We find a correlation between the corrected Ca ii line equivalent width and P/sin i, i.e. the Ca ii surface flux grows as the power of −1.5 of the rotation period. We also find a correlation between FX, the X-ray surface flux, and P/sin i: FX∝ (P/sin i)−3.7. In other words, the coronal emission is much more dependent on the rotation period than the chromospheric emission. We find that the level of magnetic activity in dM1 stars is more dependent on the stellar radius than on rotation at the chromospheric level. We discuss the implications of these results on the models of stellar dynamos.
Mining Children Ever Born Data; Classification Tree Approach

Classiﬁcation is an important problem in many fields of science. In this problem the goal is classification of categorical variable as a response based on any input variables as covariates. For years Logistic regression and discriminant analysis were used as statistical methods for classification. Nowadays by developing data base storage and computer programming some new methods such as classification trees are applied to classify data. The aim of this article is introducing CART algorithm as a classification tree rule to analyze demographic data. CARTs generate binary decision tree and have simple interpretations. We use CART to classify children ever born as an important phenomenon in demographic research.
Acoustic analysis of vocal frequency spectrum after pronounce reconstruction

Objective To compare the tracheooesophageal and normal voice by means of acoustic analysis of the vocal frequency spectrum.Methods Fundamental Frequency(F 0),Formant,shimmer,jitter,acoustic time-territory waveform and diagram among 26 tracheooesophageal and 32 normal speakers were examined by using USSA and the difference between the two groups were analyzed.Results Tracheooesophageal speakers had wider fundamental Frequency range,higher shimmer and jitter.The frequency energy distribution of formant in tracheooesophageal voice was similar to that of the normal group,whereas not the time-territory waveform.The diagram had some generality within the tracheooesophageal voice group.There was no significant differences of acoustic diagrammatic parameters between the two groups,and every parameter is explicit.Conclusion The acoustic parameters of tracheooesophageal speakers had no difference from those of normal speakers,and they can meet the need of daily conversation.