Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in association of genetic polymorphisms within the dopaminergic system with nicotine dependence

Nicotine is the main compound in cigarettes which leads to smoking addiction. Nicotine acts on the limbic dopamine reward loop in the midbrain through binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, promoting the release of dopamine, resulting in a rewarding eﬀect or satisfaction. This satisfaction is essential for continued and compulsive tobacco use, and therefore dopamine plays a crucial role in nicotine dependence (ND). Numerous studies have identiﬁed genetic polymorphisms of dopaminergic pathways which may inﬂuence nicotine susceptibility and the degree of addiction. Dopamine levels are greatly inﬂuenced by synthesis, storage, release, degradation, and reuptake related genes, including genes encoding tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine decarboxylase (DDC), dopamine transporter (DAT1/SLC6A3), dopamine receptor (DRD), dopamine 3-hydroxylase (DBH), catechol oxygen methyltransferase (COMT), and monoamine oxidase (MAO). In this paper, we review research progress on the eﬀects of polymorphisms in the above genes on downstream smoking behavior and ND, to provide a theoretical basis for the elucidation of the genetic mechanism underlying ND and future personalized treatment for smoking cessation.
The Effects of the ADMIRE Program on the Learning Motivation and Self-regulated Learning of University Students

Learning motivation and self-regulated learning are prominent and essential characteristics to possess in this time of change, leading to lifelong learners. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the ADMIRE program on the learning motivation and self-regulated learning behavior of undergraduate students. The research consisted of a quasi-experimental design conducted for two months. The participants were divided into two homogenous groups including the intervention group (n = 85) and the control group (n = 79). Data were collected before and after the intervention using the learning motivation scale and self-regulated learning behavior scale. Finally, data were analyzed using MANOVA. The study results revealed that the ADMIRE program made a significant impact on the learning motivation and self-regulated learning behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of the ADMIRE program can lead to greater learning motivation and self-regulated learning behavior in the intervention group compared to the control group. The ADMIRE program gives students the opportunity to participate in initiatives to reach the desired learning outcomes. Instructors can also use the ADMIRE program during the process of proactive learning in various forms.
Biomechanical Recycling of Plastic Waste using Tenebrio Molitor Larvae

Insect larvae eat plastics and can take part in biomechanical recycling, breaking down polymers in their intestinal tract. The objective of the research was to biodegrade waste vinyl (PVC) gloves for domestic use using Tenebrio molitor larvae. For this, the mass of plastic waste was recorded on days 5, 10, 15, 22 and 28 of December 2022
Th-Pb and U-Pb Dating of Ore-Stage Calcite and Paleozoic Fluid Flow

Thorium-232-lead-208 and uranium-238-lead-206 radiometric ages for ore-stage calcite show that Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) ore deposits can form in distinct tectonic settings. An age of 251 ± 11 million years for the Jumbo Mine in Kansas, United States, is in agreement with other ages for MVT deposits in the midcontinent of North America. The similarity of ages of these deposits supports the concept that they formed in response to fluid flow during the late Paleozoic Alleghenian-Ouachita orogeny. An age of 351 ± 15 million years for Twelve Mile Bore and Bloodwood-Kapok deposits in Australia indicates that these MVT ores were deposited in a rifting environment.
Nonsustainable groundwater sustaining irrigation: A global assessment

Water used by irrigated crops is obtained from three sources: local precipitation contributing to soil moisture available for root water uptake (i.e., green water), irrigation water taken from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, and renewable groundwater (i.e., blue water), and irrigation water abstracted from nonrenewable groundwater and nonlocal water resources. Here we quantify globally the amount of nonrenewable or nonsustainable groundwater abstraction to sustain current irrigation practice. We use the global hydrological model PCR‐GLOBWB to simulate gross crop water demand for irrigated crops and available blue and green water to meet this demand. We downscale country statistics of groundwater abstraction by considering the part of net total water demand that cannot be met by surface freshwater. We subsequently confront these with simulated groundwater recharge, including return flow from irrigation to estimate nonrenewable groundwater abstraction. Results show that nonrenewable groundwater abstraction contributes approximately 20% to the global gross irrigation water demand for the year 2000. The contribution of nonrenewable groundwater abstraction to irrigation is largest in India (68 km3 yr−1) followed by Pakistan (35 km3 yr−1), the United States (30 km3 yr−1), Iran (20 km3 yr−1), China (20 km3 yr−1), Mexico (10 km3 yr−1), and Saudi Arabia (10 km3 yr−1). Results also show that globally, this contribution more than tripled from 75 to 234 km3 yr−1 over the period 1960–2000.
The Microbiomes of Various Types of Abandoned Fallow Soils of South Taiga (Novgorod Region, Russian North-West)

More than 30 years have passed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and huge areas of soil were left in a fallow state. The study of the microbiological status of fallow soils is an extremely urgent task because fallow soils represent the “hidden” food basket of Eurasia. In this context, we studied the influence of land use type (pasture, vegetable garden, hayfield, or secondary afforestation) on key agrochemical parameters and parameters of soil microbial biodiversity. All anthropogenically transformed soils included in the analysis showed increased humus content and pH shift to a more neutral side compared to the mature soil; the same seemed to be the case for all nutrient elements. It was established that the key factor regulating soil microbiome composition shift was the duration and degree of irreversibility of an agrogenic impact. The key phyla of soil microorganisms were Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota. The proportion of other phyla was quite variative in soils of different land use. At the same time, all the 30-year-old abandoned soils were more similar to each other than to mature reference soil and 130-year-old soils of monoculture vegetable gardens. Thus, the first factor, regulating soil microbiome composition, is a continuation of soil agrogenic transformation. The second factor is the type of land use if the soil age was equal for fallow territory in the case of one initial podzol soil and one type of landscape. Thus, 30-year-old abandoned soils are intermediate in terms of microbial biodiversity between pristine natural podzols and plaggic podzol. It could be suggested that in the case of secondary involvement of soils in agriculture, the composition of the microbiome may turn to mature soil or to plaggic soil under intensive amelioration.
Gulf Stream Dynamics along the Southeastern U.S. Seaboard

AbstractThe Gulf Stream strongly interacts with the topography along the southeastern U.S. seaboard, between the Straits of Florida and Cape Hatteras. The dynamics of the Gulf Stream in this region is investigated with a set of realistic, very high-resolution simulations using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The mean path is strongly influenced by the topography and in particular the Charleston Bump. There are significant local pressure anomalies and topographic form stresses exerted by the bump that retard the mean flow and steer the mean current pathway seaward. The topography provides, through bottom pressure torque, the positive input of barotropic vorticity necessary to balance the meridional transport of fluid and close the gyre-scale vorticity balance. The effect of the topography on the development of meanders and eddies is studied by computing energy budgets of the eddies and the mean flow. The baroclinic instability is stabilized by the slope everywhere except past the bump. The flow .
Magnetotelluric measurements in SW Iberia: New data for the Variscan crustal structures

Thirty new MT soundings were carried out in SW Iberia allowing the investigation of the lateral continuity of some major structures and lithological features that are believed to control decisively the deep architecture of the Ossa Morena Zone belts. Results of the two‐dimensional inversion of the data reveal high‐conductivity zones in the middle‐lower crust, interpreted as the signal of a granulitic basement with grain‐boundary interconnected films of graphite. The resistive features, located preferentially in the upper‐middle crust, are ascribable to igneous complexes of variable age.
Inter- and Intra-Catchment Variations in Proglacial Geomorphology: An Example From Franz Josef Glacier and Fox Glacier, New Zealand

Abstract Proglacial outwash plains, or “sandar,” can be recognized to be a part of a geomorphic, sedimentary, and hydrological system. At a global scale, glacial meltwater regimes and hence proglacial fluvial systems are strongly determined by glacier basal water conditions and glacier behavior. At a catchment scale it is necessary to consider that proglacial fluvial sedimentation can have a range of frequency and magnitude regimes. This paper presents geomorphological and sedimentological data from Franz Josef Glacier and Fox Glacier sandar, which have adjacent catchments. We determine that glaciofluvial facies are the most abundant sediment-landform association at both sites. However, we also observe considerable intra-catchment variability with respect to the magnitude-frequency regime of fluvial deposition and the relative importance of fluvial processes for sandur character. Franz Josef Glacier sandur is relatively high relief and superficially composed of boulder bedforms that are laterally and longitudinally extensive. It has a sedimentology dominated by massive, poorly sorted sediments containing outsized clasts. Franz Josef Glacier sandur thus has a character consistent with formation by episodic high-magnitude fluvial flows, i.e. jökulhlaups. In contrast, Fox Glacier sandur is of low cross-section relief and comprises two distinct components: an aggrading braided river and paraglacial debris fan deposits. With the exception of the contemporary ice margin, Fox Glacier sandur is of significantly finer-grained material than that at Franz Josef Glacier. We suggest that the contemporary Fox Glacier sandur contains widespread evidence that refutes a hypothesis of high-magnitude episodic events. Additionally, contemporary paraglacial inputs from recently deglaciated valley walls at Fox Glacier are far more important to sandur sedimentation than water or sediment from Fox Glacier. These results present a conceptual model of the predominant contemporary land-forming processes within a glaciated tectonically active region with exceptionally high denudation rates. Intra-catchment variability has important implications for predicting sediment fluxes in response to hydro-climatic forcing.
A Note Concerning the Age of the Metamorphism of the Dalradian Rocks of Western Ireland

Abstract Evidence is adduced to relate the published minimum absolute date of — 475 m.y. , for the metamorphism of the Connemara Schists, to its correct position in the Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy of Western Ireland. The metamorphism pre-dates the Didymograptus extensus zone of the Arenig in Connemara and South Mayo and an Upper Cambrian or Tremadocian age is considered likely.
Safety and Efficacy of a Third Dose of the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Liver-Transplanted and Healthy Adolescents

Objectives: According to our previous study, the 2-dose-BNT162b2 vaccination is less effective against the Omicron variant. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a 3-dose-BNT162b2 vaccination in liver-transplanted (LT) and healthy adolescents. Methods: LT and healthy adolescents who met the inclusion criteria received a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (30 µg). Antireceptor-binding domain immunoglobulin and T-cell-specific responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike peptides were assessed 3 months before the third dose (Visit −1) and 0 (Visit 0), 1 (Visit 1), and 2 months (Visit 2) after the third dose. Antinucleocapsid immunoglobulin and neutralizing antibodies were assessed at Visits 0 and 1. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored. Results: Eleven LT and 14 healthy adolescents aged 14.64 (13.2, 15.7) years (44.2% male) had antireceptor-binding domain immunoglobulin geometric mean titers of 1412.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 948.18–2041.11) and 1235.79 (95% CI, 901.07–1705.73) U/mL at Visit −1 but increased to 38 587.76 (95% CI, 24 628.03–60 460.18) and 29 222.38 (95% CI, 16 291.72–52 401.03) U/mL (P < 0.05) at Visit 1, respectively. This was consistent with neutralizing antibodies (42.29% and 95.37% vs 44.65% and 91.68%, P < 0.001) and interferon-γ-secreting cells in LT and healthy adolescents at Visit 0 versus Visit 1, respectively. For serious AEs, an LT girl with autoimmune overlap syndrome died 5 months postvaccination from acute liver failure. Conclusions: In both LT and healthy adolescents, humoral and cellular immune responses were high after the 3-dose-BNT162b2 vaccination. However, serious AEs were suspected in LT adolescents with autoimmune diseases.
Grateful Personality in The Development of Islamic Education (Hermeneutical Analysis of Verses About Gratitude in Tafsīr Al-Miṣbāḥ)

This study aims to find out how the concept of personality gratitude in the development of Islamic education is described in the Quran. This research is included in the type of library research that uses qualitative data types. e main data source in this research is the Koranic verses that discuss gratitude. This study uses a subjective hermeneutic approach that emphasizes the interpreter's role in understanding and determining the meaning of the text about the verses of gratitude in Tafsr al-Misbah. According to the findings of the study, a grateful personality is synonymous with the term 'abdan syakuran. The term refers to a personality that always appreciates, recognizes, and uses God's grace in every situation. A person with a grateful personality has a noble character, which contains the character values of trustworthiness, qan'ah, tawadu', hard work, creativity, and prosocial actions. A grateful personality is needed to realize Islamic education's goals, namely the creation of religious and noble human beings. Therefore, we need the right strategy for instilling these values. The internalization of the gratitude personality in Islamic education can be carried out through several strategies, including tazkiyah, tazniyah, tadabburah, and tarabbutah.
Integrating Remote Sensing Data on Evapotranspiration and Leaf Area Index with Hydrological Modeling: Impacts on Model Performance and Future Predictions

AbstractUsing the Connecticut River basin as an example, this study assesses the extent to which remote sensing data can help improve hydrological modeling and how it may influence projected future hydrological trends. The dynamic leaf area index (LAI) derived from satellite remote sensing was incorporated into the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC) to enable an interannually varying seasonal cycle of vegetation (VICVEG); the evapotranspiration (ET) data based on remote sensing were combined with ET from a default VIC simulation to develop a simple bias-correction algorithm, and the simulation was then repeated with the bias-corrected ET replacing the simulated ET in the model (VICET). VICET performs significantly better in simulating the temporal variability of river discharge at daily, biweekly, monthly, and seasonal time scales, while VICVEG better captures the interannual variability of discharge, particularly in the winter and spring, and shows slight improvements to soil moisture estimates.
Mercury and methylmercury contamination related to artisanal gold mining, Suriname

Elemental Hg‐Au amalgamation mining practices are used widely in many developing countries resulting in significant Hg contamination of surrounding ecosystems. We have measured total Hg and methyl‐Hg concentrations in sediment and water collected from artisanal Au mines and these are the first Hg speciation data from such mines in Suriname. Total Hg and methyl‐Hg contents in mine‐waste sediment and water are elevated over local uncontaminated baselines. Total Hg (10–930 ng/L) and methyl‐Hg (0.02–3.8 ng/L) are highly elevated in mine waters. Increasing total Hg contents in discharged mine waters correlate with increasing water turbidity indicating that most Hg transport is on suspended particulates. Our Hg results are similar to those found in artisanal Au mines in the Amazon basin, where Hg contamination has led to adverse effects on tropical ecosystems.
Calibration-free and deep-learning-based customer gaze direction detection technology based on the YOLOv3-tiny model for smart advertising displays

ABSTRACT Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, gaze tracking for nontouch user interface designs used in advertising displays or automatic vending machines has become an emerging research topic. In this study, a cost-effective deep-learning-based customer gaze direction detection technology was developed for a smart advertising display. To achieve calibration-free interactions between customers and displays, the You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO)-v3-tiny-based deep learning model was used for determining the bounding boxes of eyes and pupils. Next, postprocessing was conducted using a voting mechanism and difference vectors between the central coordinates of the bounding boxes for effectively predicting customer gaze directions. Product images were separated into two or four gaze zones. For cross-person testing, the Recall, Precision, Accuracy, and F1-score for two gaze zones were approximately 77%, 99%, 88%, and 87%, respectively, and those for four gaze zones were approximately 72%, 91%, 91%, and 79%, respectively. Software implementations on NVIDIA graphics-processing-unit-accelerated embedded platforms exhibited a frame rate of nearly 30 frames per second. The proposed design achieved real-time gaze direction detection for a smart advertising platform.
The influence of river flow on the distribution and community organisation of river birds

River flow is a major driver of community dynamics in riverine-floodplain ecosystems. Flow-induced disturbance can have large impacts on taxonomic groups at higher trophic levels such as birds. However, our understanding of river flow-avian relationships is constrained by a failure to focus on multiple species’ responses to hydrological variables across large geographical areas. The aims of this thesis are to combine a national-scale dataset of river bird surveys with river flow archives to: (i) understand how hydrological disturbance affects the distribution of river birds, and (ii) evaluate the potential impacts of climate change-induced shifts in river flow on such species’ distributions. Species have complex, but biologically interpretable, associations with hydrological variables. Variation in river flow acts as an environmental filter that influences community assembly processes. Specialist river birds are most vulnerable to climate-induced shifts in river flow and their distributions may shift in response to future changes in river habitat suitability. The success of relating hydrological variables to the distributions of river birds demonstrates that variability in river flow has consequences for ecological structure at high trophic levels and that climate-induced shifts in river flow may represent a previously unidentified mechanism by which climate change mediates range shifts in birds.
Designing Mobile Phone Text Messages Using the Behavior Change Wheel Framework to Influence Food Literacy in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Kenya: Protocol for a Systematic Development Study

Background The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased in the past decade, and it is projected to increase by 126% by 2045 in Africa. At the same time, mobile phone use has increased in Africa, providing a potential for innovative mobile health interventions to support diabetes care. Objective This study aimed to apply the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) framework to develop text messages to influence food literacy in adults with T2D in urban Kenya. Methods The 8 steps of the BCW framework guided the development of text messages: (1) Define the problem in behavioral terms; (2) select target behaviors; (3) specify the target behaviors based on who needs to perform the behaviors, what needs to change, and when, where, how often, and with whom; (4) identify what needs to change; (5) identify intervention functions; (6) select policy categories; (7) select behavior change techniques (BCTs); and (8) select the mode of delivery. Recent exploratory studies in Kenya and other low- and middle-income countries provided information that was used to contextualize the intervention. Results In step 1, the behavioral problem was defined as unhealthy dietary patterns among adults with T2D. In step 2, based on a qualitative study in the target population, the target behavior was selected to be evaluation of reliable sources of information, and selection and preparation of healthy food. In step 3, unhealthy dietary patterns were selected. In step 4, 10 domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework were identified, and in step 5, 5 intervention functions were linked to the domains and unhealthy dietary patterns were specified. In step 6, communication and regulations were identified as policy categories, while in step 7, 9 BCTs were selected from the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy version 1. In step 8, the most suitable mode of delivery was determined to be mobile text messages. A total of 36 mobile text messages were developed based on the 9 BCTs. Conclusions This study shows the step-by-step application of the BCW framework to develop mobile text messages to influence food literacy in adults with T2D. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/48271
Tidal evolution of the northwest European shelf seas from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present

[1] Two-dimensional paleotidal simulations have been undertaken to investigate tidal and tide-dependent changes (tidal amplitudes, tidal current velocities, seasonal stratification, peak bed stress vectors) that have occurred in the NW European shelf seas during the last 20 ka. The simulations test the effect of shelf-wide isostatic changes of sea level by incorporating results from two different crustal rebound models, and the effect of the ocean-tide variability by setting open boundary values either fixed to the present state or variable according to the results of a global paleotidal model. The use of the different crustal rebound models does not affect the overall changes in tidal patterns, but the timing of the changes is sensitive to the local isostatic effects that differ between the models. The incorporation of ocean-tide changes greatly augments the amplitude of tides and tidal currents in the Celtic and Malin seas before 10 ka BP, and has a large impact on the distribution of seasonally stratified conditions, magnitude of peak bed stress vectors and tidal dissipation in the shelf seas. The predictions on seasonal stratification are supported by well-dated evidence on tidal mixing front migration in the Celtic Sea. Additional experiments using the global model suggest that the variability of offshore tides has been caused mainly by changes of eustatic sea level and ice-sheet extent. In particular, a large decrease observed at 10–8 ka BP is attributed to the opening of Hudson Strait accompanied by the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.