Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
European movers’ language use patterns at home: a case-study of European bi-national families in the Netherlands

ABSTRACT Language use patterns, generally involving the majority and/or a minority language, are considered to be an indicator of migrants’ integration in the host society. In this paper, we aim to broaden our understanding of migrants’ language use in the family by investigating which factors explain individual variation in language use patterns in European bi-national households. Our analysis is based on the Dutch data of the EUMARR survey, a unique data set on European bi-national unions (n = 627). Our findings indicate that most European migrants intent to pass their native language to their offspring. Furthermore, the results provide evidence for the embeddedness of families’ language use patterns within broader social environments. Finally, the findings indicate the importance of language status for the transmission of minority languages within mixed families.
Are teachers ready for CLIL? Evidence from a European study

Abstract This article presents the outcomes of a European study on the main training needs which pre- and in-service teachers, teacher trainers, and coordinators consider they have in order to adapt to a bilingual education model. The macro-study has designed, validated and administered four sets of questionnaires to 706 informants across the whole of Europe, which have allowed a detailed diagnosis of language teachers’ training needs in terms of linguistic and intercultural competence, theoretical and methodological aspects based on the new options associated to Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), teaching materials and resources, and ongoing professional development. After framing the topic against the backdrop of prior investigations, the article expounds on the research design of the study and outlines its main findings in relation to the afore-mentioned fields of interest. A detailed diagnosis of where we currently stand in this process of preparation for CLIL models in Europe is provided and within- and across-cohort comparison is carried out in terms of a series of intervening variables. The ultimate aim is to base decisions regarding language degrees and teacher training courses on empirically grounded guidelines in order to guarantee a success-prone implementation of CLIL in our continent, country and region.
The impact of language skills and social competence on play behaviour in toddlers

ABSTRACT In this study, the relationship between play, language skills and social competence is explored in a sample (n = 1005) of 33-month-old toddlers in a Norwegian early childhood education setting – Barnehages – based on two observational materials (Tras and Alle med). The study has two aims: (1) to investigate whether there is a relationship between social functioning and language proficiency at an early age; and (2) to identify the unique contributions made by language skills and social competence, respectively, to toddlers’ functioning in play. Toddlers with very low language-skill scores were compared with toddlers with very high scores. Each child had been assessed independently by two staff members, familiar with the child in informal situations at Barnehages, over a period of three months. It was found that there is a relationship between toddlers’ functioning in play and their language proficiency, but that toddlers’ functioning in play is better explained by their social competence than by their language skills.
Effect of sowing time and in-season growth manipulations on phenology of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)"

Field trials were conducted at the research farm of the University, Misar for 2 consecutive crop seasons to study the phenological development and thermal requirement of 'Laxmi' an Indian mustard (Brassicu juncea L. Czem & Coss.) variety grown under different environments. The treatments comprised three dates of sowing, viz 5 October (S,), 20 October (S,) and 5 November (S,) and 7 growth manipulations, viz control or no manipulation (L,), main shoot cut-off at 15 cm on 40 days after sowing (L,), main shoot cut-off at 15 cm on 50 days after sowing (L,), first primary branch cut-off on 55 days after sowing (L,), second primary branch cut-off on 60 days after sowing (L,), plant defoliated to 50 cm above ground on 60 days after sowing (L,) and Plant defoliated to 50 cm above ground on 75 days after sowing (L,). Early sowing resulted in short vegetative phase and (30 days- averaged for two crop seasons) advancement of reproductive phase but extended seed filling (63 days) and physiological maturity (152 days). However reverse trend was observed under delayed sown conditions. Early sown crop availed highest heat units to reach physiological maturity (1757 day "C). Among growth manipulations, main shoot cut-off at 15 cm on 40 or 50 days after sowing also resulted into significantly extended maturity duration (146 and 149 days respectively) as well as accumulated heat units. A positive correlation was obtained between seed yield, yield attributes and various phenophases.
Induction and isolation of pigmentation mutants of Porphyra yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) by heavy‐ion beam irradiation

The present study describes the isolation of pigmentation mutants of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda induced by heavy‐ion beam irradiation for the first time. The gametophytic blades were irradiated with 12C+6 ion beams within a dose range of 25–400 Gy. From the survival rate and cell growth of the irradiated blades, it is suggested that a dose of 150 Gy or less is suitable to induce mutation for the isolation of mutants of P. yezoensis. After irradiation, red, green and deep reddish brown‐colored gametophytic blades developed from archeospores that were released from each of the mutated cell clusters of the respective different colors, and the red mutant strain (IBY‐R1) and green mutant strain (IBY‐G1) were established as a conchocelis colony in culture. Blades of the mutants were characterized by their growth and photosynthetic pigment contents compared with those of the wild‐type. From these results, it is clear that heavy‐ion beam mutagenesis will be an effective tool for genetic and breeding studies of Porphyra, and also for other algal research.
Personality in teams: Its relationship to social cohesion, task cohesion, and team performance

This study continued past research on the relationship between personality composition in teams and social cohesion and team performance (Barrick, Stewart, Neubert, & Mount, 1998). Results from the Barrick et al. sample (N = 50) were compared with data from two new samples, one comprising drilling teams in the US (N = 24), and the other comprising student teams in The Netherlands (N = 25). Furthermore, this study examined the relationship between personality composition and task cohesion, usually considered to be a stronger predictor of team performance than social cohesion. Results partly confirmed the relationships between personality composition, cohesion, and team performance that were found previously. Minimum levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness contributed positively to both task cohesion and team performance. High mean levels of extraversion and emotional stability contributed positively to social cohesion. Some results differed across the three samples, stressing the importance of task characteristics as a factor influencing relationships between team personality, team processes, and team performance. Although significant relationships were found between social cohesion, task cohesion, and performance, cohesion measures did not mediate relationships between personality composition and team performance.
Design and application of CITESwoodID Computer-aided identification and description of CITES-protected timbers

Wood identification is of prime importance in enforcing CITES policies regarding protected species. A tool to facilitate wood identification based on macroscopic features, CITESwoodID, is available, developed in the DELTA-INTKEY-System. This database contains descriptions and an interactive identification system for 12 CITES-listed timbers (11 hardwoods, 1 softwood) known for their potential in the manufacture of lumber and downstream processing into products, and 44 trade timbers which can be easily mistaken for CITES-listed timbers due to a similar appearance and/or wood anatomical pattern. The database is primarily designed for institutions and persons involved in regulating import and export of wood and wood products controlled by CITES regulations. It is also used in primary and secondary educational facilities active in teaching wood anatomy and wood identification, and has been the basis of a number of training modules and short courses for government inspectors and students.
Some aspects of biology of the bar-eyed goby Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton 1822) (Perciformes: gobiidae) from Netrakona

The investigation was conducted on some aspects of biology viz. morphometrics, meristics, length-weight relationship and coefficient of condition of the Bar-eyed goby Glossogobius giuris. The mean of total length (TL) (94.42 ± 18.52 mm), standard length (SL) (73.13 ± 3.45mm), pre-dorsal length (PDL) (28.8 ± 7.32mm), head length (HL) (23.9 ± 4.87mm), snout length (SnL) (8.15 ± 1.9 mm) and height of body (HB) (14.17 ± 3.29mm) were determined.The relationships between the total length and other body parameters were found to be positively correlated and highly significant. The fin formula is D1.6; D2.1/9-10; P1.17-21; P2.1/5; A.1/9; C.17. The length-weight relationships of combined sex of G. giuris were determined as Log TW = -4.802 + 2.857 Log TL. The coefficient of conditions from the ko of combined sex and from the kc of combined sex was determined as 0.834 ± 0.132 and 0.827 ± 0.027, respectively. Kn values of combined sex were found to be 1.001 ± 0.156.
Genetic diversity among cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes existing in Pakistan.

In the present study, 33 genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) were subjected to microsatellite analysis (SSR). This marker is highly polymorphic, easy to handle, reliable in results and having high reproducibility. 25 SSR markers were used to measure the genetic diversity of the 33 cotton genotypes. Multivariate analysis was conducted to generate a similarity matrix using PopGene software (version 1.44) based on Nei's Unweighted Paired Group of Arithmetic Means Averages (UPGMA) to estimate genetic distance and relatedness. A dendogram was obtained using Nei’s similarity coefficient FIG genotypes were clustered into 6 groups group A, group B, group C, group D, group E and group F. These cotton varieties showed maximum similarity of 89% and dissimilarity of 47%. It shows that the cotton germplasm has narrow genetic base, therefore it is strongly needed to broaden the genetic base of cotton germplasm to evolve the varieties with promising characters.
Genetic evaluation of the ovine and bovine prion protein genes (PRNP)

Genetic Evaluation of the Ovine and Bovine Prion Protein Genes (PRNP). (December 2004) Christopher Mark Seabury, B.S.; M.S., Sul Ross State University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. James N. Derr Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, are a group of inevitably fatal neurodegenerative diseases that occur in mammalian species. Ovine susceptibility to scrapie, the prototypical TSE, is predominantly modulated by nonsynonymous polymorphisms within exon 3 of the ovine prion protein gene (PRNP). Investigation of PRNP exon 3 for two hair-sheep breeds revealed a novel predicted amino acid substitution (P116) associated with the ovine ARQ allele (P116A136R154Q171). Additionally, two novel ovine PRNP genotypes (PARQ/ARR; PARQ/ARQ) also were detected, and most of the hair sheep sampled possessed PRNP exon 3 genotypes associated with some degree of resistance to scrapie and/or experimental BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy). Unlike sheep, expression of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and other bovids has not been associated with nucleotide variation within bovine PRNP exon 3. However, BSE susceptibility has been tentatively associated with specific insertion-deletion (indel) polymorphisms within the putative bovine PRNP promoter, and to a lesser extent intron 1, for a few German cattle breeds. Evaluation of the patterns
Inhibition on Acidogenesis of Dairy Wastewater by Zinc and Copper

Abstract Acidogenesis of dairy wastewater produced volatile fatty acids, mainly acetate and propionate, plus hydrogen as by-product. Zinc (Zn) inhibited acidogenesis at concentrations over 10 mg l-1; but at 10 mg l-1, or less, it enhanced acidogenesis slightly. On the other hand, copper (Cu) inhibited acidogenesis at all tested concentrations ranging 5–400 mg l-1. Production of acetate was inhibited by both metals at all concentrations; but production of propionate and hydrogen was favored at low concentrations of Zn (up to 80 mg l-1) and Cu (up to 40 mg l-1). Production of hydrogen corresponded with the degradation of carbohydrate and the production of propionate. Overall, Cu was 1.4–4.3 folds more toxic than Zn, according to the overall production patterns of fatty acids and hydrogen as well as degradation patterns of carbohydrate and protein.
THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL SEX-COMPOSITION ON WOMEN'S FERTILITY IN SPAIN

ABSTRACT This paper investigates to what extent variation in the distribution across occupational categories in the labour market affects women's demographic behaviour. It specifically explores which occupational categories are more beneficial for women in the transition to first, second and third birth in Spain. Event-history analyses are applied to retrospective data from the Spanish Fertility and Family Survey (1995). The results show that there are differences in women's fertility according to their occupational choice and demonstrate that health and teaching professionals show an advantage in harmonizing work and motherhood in Spain. This finding is consistent with the idea that not only the impact of occupational sex-segregation on women's fertility is explicable by each woman's specific attitudes towards motherhood and career but also by her employment conditions at the workplace. This effect is particularly strong in Spain due to the specific national context of combining family responsibilities and labour force participation.
Responses to a short-term reciprocal recurrent selection procedure in maize.

Research was conducted to evaluate three cycles of a modified reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) procedure in maize (Zea mays L.) The main feature of the modification is that a cycle of selection can be completed in either one or two years depending on whether winter nursery is available. The reduction in time per cycle was possible by producing progenies to be evaluated in the next cycle during the recombination of the selected progenies from the previous cycle The EPB4 and EPB5 maize populations per se (S 0 ) per se selfed (S 1 ) and population crosses between cycles from cycle 0 to cycle 3 were evaluated in six environments Direct responses for population crosses for grain yield was 0.44 Mg ha -1 cycle -1 (7.2%), and indirect responses were 0.21 Mg ha -1 cycle -1 (3.7%) and 0.15 Mg ha -1 cycle -1 (2.5%) for EPB4 and EPB5 maize populations respectively Prolificacy increased and lodging decreased significantly whereas plant height ear height and grain moisture remained unchanged Midparent heterosis for grain yield increased by 0.26 Mg ha -1 cycle -1 (75.7%) Inbreeding depression for grain yield decreased from 2.40 Mg ha -1 for C0 to 1.92 Mg ha -1 for C3 for EPB4 population and remained unchanged for EPB5 population The overall results of the modified RRS suggest that it is possible to increase the effectiveness of RRS by reducing the number of years required to complete a cycle while maintaining its original features.
The effects of Humulus Lupulus L.)Hops) on Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta- analysis

Introduction: Vasomotor symptom is one of the most commonly problems of women during menopause and can negatively affect womenâ��s quality of life. Humulus Lupulus L. ) Hops) has powerful Phytoestrogenic compounds which are effective in the alleviation of menopausal symptoms. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was performed with aim to evaluate the effects of hops on vasomotor symptoms of menopause. Methods: In this systematic review, databases of Medline, Embase, ProQuest, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, Scopus, Uptodate, Google Scholar, and CINAHL (EBSCO) were searched using the keywords of â��menopauseâ��, â��hopsâ��, â��hot flashâ��, and â��vasomotor symptomsâ�� and all clinical trials published between 2000 to the end of December 2015 were included in the study. No limitation was imposed on the papersâ�� language. Finally, four articles were extracted and evaluated. Data was analyzed by Stata software (version 10). Publication bias was assessed by Egger tests and heterogeneity was assessed by chi-square and I2 index. Z-value and P-value were used for evaluation of the significance of mean differences. Results: Among 340 initially assessed papers, finally, 4 articles were entered to the study. Combining data from different studiesÂ based on random model indicated that hop alleviated vasomotor symptoms of menopause and reduced the frequency and duration of hot flushes and night sweats (P<0.05). Conclusion: Hops can be used as an alternative treatment in the management of vasomotor symptoms of menopause.
Effect of Auxins on Rooting Shoot Cuttings, Growth and Flowering of Bhanjira ( Perilla frutescens Linn.)

Leafy soft-wood cuttings and non-leafy shoot cuttings of Bhanjira ( Perilla frutescens Linn.) are easy to root. Treatment with IAA, IBA, IPA, and NAA caused promotion of rooting, increased shoot growth and stimulated flowering also. The results indicate that clonal crops can be raised using shoot cuttings and that auxin has the potential of being used for yield improvement in this species.
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF JUVENILE GREENLIP ABALONE (HALIOTIS LAEVIGATA) FEEDING ON GERMLINGS OF THE MACROALGAE ULVA SP

Abstract Germlings of the green alga Ulva sp. were developed as a diet for juvenile Haliotis laevigata (≥3.5 mm shell length) and compared with a current commercial diet consisting of Ulvella lens plus the diatom species Navicula cf. jeffreyi. The utilization of macroalgae germlings (juvenile gametophyte and sporophyte) allowed 3-dimensional growth and subsequently provided greater feed biomass in comparison with the current 2-dimensional commercial feed for the later nursery phase consisting of 5–10 mm (shell length) juvenile abalone. The juvenile abalone showed active feeding on both the Ulva germling diet and the current commercial diet. The Ulvella lens/Navicula cf. jeffreyi diet resulted in abalone of significantly larger shell length at the end of the 14-wk feeding trial. However, the Ulva germling diet recorded significantly larger abalone for the first 4–5 wk, whereas the commercial diet produced significantly larger abalone from week 6 to the end of the trial. The growth rate on both diets exceeded 100 μm. day−1 and the specific growth rates were maintained above 1%. day−1 for the duration of the feeding trial with neither measure portraying significant differences between diets. There was no significant difference in juvenile abalone mortality feeding on the two diets. The Ulva germling consumption exhibited a spike (500 germling blades.abalone−1.day−1) in consumption at week three then, once reduced, a gradual increase occurred until the end of the trial. Ulvella lens consumption demonstrated a similar pattern to Ulva germlings consumption and was significantly, positively correlated. Consumption rates for the two green algae both correlated with juvenile abalone growth. The diatom (Navicula cf. jeffreyi) consumption was affected by plate rotation (light intensity and grazing pressure) rather than juvenile abalone.
Small Business Borrowing and the Owner–Manager Agency Costs: Evidence on Finnish Data

This study investigates the impact that managerial ownership has on loan availability and credit terms. We find that managerial ownership is common in a sample of small and medium-sized Finnish firms. Our results suggest that an increase in managerial ownership decreases loan availability. The results on loan interest rates suggest that though an increase in managerial ownership initially increases interest rates, the effect is reversed at higher levels of ownership. Collateral requirements increase monotonically with managerial ownership. Overall, the results suggest that banks view that there are agency costs involved with managerial ownership even in small and medium-sized firms and that this is taken into account when lending to these firms.
Target Cell Topography and Cytoskeletal Reorganization in Natural Killer Cell Activity

10 Review of the Literature 12 Introduction 12 1. Cytotoxic cells of the immune system 12 2. Brief overview of NK cells 14 2.1 Morphology 15 2.2 Surface markers 15 2.3 NK cell activation 16 2.4 MHC class I specific receptors 17 3. Cytotoxic mechanism 19 Granule release ! perforin and granzymes 20 4. Target cell recognition 21 4.1 Binding to a target ! first requirement, but is it sufficient for triggering? 22 LFA-1 on the surface of effector cells 22 ICAM-2 on target cells 23 CD2! LFA-3 pathway 24 4.2 Triggering of lysis 25 4.3 Immunological synapse ! the time and place of decision. 26 Actin cytoskeleton 27 Ezrin, a linker protein between plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton 27 5. Virus infections and NK sensitivity 28 Aims of the Study 29 Summary of the Materials and Methods 30
Meat, poultry and seafood.

A muscle food, including meat, poultry, and seafood, is described as spoiled when it is considered unacceptable by consumers based on its sensory characteristics. Economic losses as well as the food wasted and loss of consumer confidence due to spoilage, however, are of major significance. Among bacteria, genera in the family Enterobacteriaceae, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Shewanella (Alteromonas) putrefaciens, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Pseudomonas spp. , Aeromonas spp. , and lactic acid bacteria have been found to be major contributors to muscle food spoilage, depending on the product type and the conditions surrounding the product. Chemical (chlorine, organic acids, inorganic phosphates, proteins, oxidizers, etc.) or physical (knife-trimming, cold or hot water, vacuum, and/or steam) agents and combinations of two or more agents simultaneously or in sequence are applied as carcass decontamination/sanitization treatments in the United States. Acidic decontamination of meat may lead to changes in the dominating microbial association and if combined with long-term storage may lead to development of yeasts. The microbial associations developing on muscle tissues stored aerobically at cold temperatures are characterized by an oxidative metabolism. The contribution of specific nutrients to bacterial behavior has been shown in single-culture or coculture studies. Glucose is the preferred energy substrate and the first to be used by various microorganisms growing on muscle foods. Glycolytic enzymes indigenous to muscle tissues participate in the postmortem glycolysis that ceases when the ultimate postmortem pH reaches 5.4 to 5.5. Freshness and safety of muscle food products are generally considered the most important contributors to quality.