Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermally Stable All Inorganic Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite
 Nanocrystals

All inorganic CsPbX3 (X is Cl, Br, or I) perovskite nanocrystals (CPX NCs) have become one of the most promising materials which can be integrated into high performance optoelectronic devices such as light emitting diodes, sensors, and solar cells. However, poor thermal stability seriously hampers successful demonstration of commercially available optoelectronic devices based on CPX NCs. In this study, we demonstrate strikingly enhanced thermal stability of CPX NCs by employing impurity metal halides during synthesis. Thermal stability of CPX NCs were investigated by microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations, and it turned out that various metal halides are effective for enhancement of thermal stability of CPX NCs. CPX NCs maintains their original structures and properties with little sign of instability such as merging and phase transformations when the NCs were synthesized by adding impurity metal halides. We finally propose plausible mechanisms on enhanced thermal stability of CPB NCs synthesized under the presence of impurity metal halides.
Knowledge and Attitudes toward Electronic Cigarette Smoking: A Survey of School Male Adolescents in Jordan

The prevalence of e-cigarette use among adolescents is on the rise worldwide and in the Arab region as well. Youth are amongst the different age groups who are mostly affected by this practice. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian adolescent students toward e-cigarettes. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 500 male school students. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to the students electronically through social media platforms. T-test was used to identify differences in adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes based on their use and non-use of e-cigarettes. The results revealed that 35% of participants reported trying e-cigarettes and 43% reported trying tobacco cigarettes. The vast majority (97.2%) of the participants had heard about e-cigarettes, while 63% were not aware of their components. The majority of participants agreed that e-cigarette is dangerous (89.2%), is cleaner than tobacco smoking (55.6%), and that use of e-cigarettes can help to quit tobacco smoking (61.4%). Furthermore, the students who used tobacco and e-cigarettes had a significantly higher mean score of knowledge (p< .001) and a lower mean score of attitudes toward e-cigarettes (p< .001) than those who did not. there is still a need to increase accurate knowledge about e-cigarettes among youth, with special emphasis on adolescents. Health awareness campaigns about e-cigarettes, including their composition and side effects, are highly recommended.
An inconsistency between two classical models of the ocean buoyancy driven circulation

A 2-layer version of the Stommel-Arons model of the abyssal circulation is shown to be inconsistent with the closure scheme used in Stommel's conceptual box model of the thermohaline circulation. The closure relates the strength of the exchange between 2 boxes, taken to represent the meridional overturning cell in the ocean, to the density difference between the boxes. Here, the Stommel-Arons model is used to argue that the difference in density, averaged over regions corresponding to Stommel's boxes, is not indicative of the rate of exchange between these regions. More generally, it is argued that to a good approximation, the zonally-averaged density field in the Stommel-Arons model is independent of both the sense and structure of the meridional overturning cell or cells. The reason for this is that, although the western boundary currents make an O(l) contribution to the zonally-averaged meridional transport, they have only a very small influence on the zonally averaged density field. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1996. t01-2-00009.x
Crystallographic reorientation and nanoparticle coalescence

Complementary experimental and theoretical results on the coalescence of nanoparticles demonstrate the importance of the crystallographic orientation on the coalescence process. In situ hot-stage transmission electron microscopy studies on self-supporting films consisting of indium tin oxide nanoparticles clearly show rotations of neighboring particles preceding their coalescence. Both rotation and coalescence are observed well below half the melting temperature. The coalescence of two adjacent nanoparticles is simulated by means of a combination of the kinetic Monte Carlo method for atomic diffusion with an integration of the equations of motion for the rigid body degrees of freedom of the two particles. This allows analyzing the reorientation of the two crystal lattices prior to the merging process. Thus, nanoparticle coalescence has theoretically as well as experimentally been shown to be a two-step process: first a reorientation of adjacent nanoparticles, and second their complete or incomplete coalescence depending on the matching of the crystallographic orientations.
Reverberation Formula Which Seems To Be More Accurate with Nonuniform Distribution of Absorption

Reverberation measurements, made in rooms where the absorption is nonuniformly distributed, usually vary widely from predictions based on the currently employed formulas. Through extensive tests made in a large number of rooms, where distribution of sound absorption varies widely in uniformity, an empirically derived equation is submitted. Photographs of graphic recorder decay curves, showing contrasts in predicted slopes, seem to confirm the validity of the formula. The recorder curves are from field tests. The data submitted are a small portion of an accumulation of measurements, covering several years, in rooms of widely varying volumes, widely varying boundary ratios, and marked dissimilarity in amounts of absorption and ratios of absorption distribution.
Effect of a peat-based feed additive and sow parity on the performance of suckling piglets: a case study

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the benefit of a peat-based additive in reducing the neonatal diarrhoea of piglets, according to sow’s parity. From five consecutive batches, a total of 100 Large White x Landrace sows [50 primiparous (PR) and 50 multiparous (ML)] were randomly allocated to the control (CTR) or treated (TRT) group. The peat additive was provided to TRT piglets from the day of birth to day 7 of life (6 g/day/head). Overall, PR group resulted in lower piglets performance with higher enteric disease incidence compared with ML group. Compared with ML, PR sows had lower BCS at weaning (P < .001), fewer total piglets born, lower average piglet weaning weight (P < .01) and higher incidence of deaths due to enteric disease (P < .05). Regardless parity, TRT group showed a fewer number of litters affected by enteric disease (P < .05). No significant interaction between sow parity and treatment was observed.
On the blowing up of solutions to the Cauchy problem for nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Solutions to the Cauchy problem for the equation iu t =Δu+F(|u| 2 )u (x∈ n , t>0), u(x,0)=φ(x), are considered. Conditions on φ and F are given so that, for solutions with nonpositive energy, the following obtains: There exists a finite time T, estimable from above, such that ∥ grad u(t)∥ L 2 ( n ) →+∞ as t→T − . It is also shown that other L q ‐norms of a solution (including q=∞) blow up in finite time.
Higher Derivations on Lie Ideals

In this paper we present a brief proof of a recently proved result [5, Corollary 1.4]. The main result states that if R is a prime ring of characteristic different of 2 and U is a Lie ideal of R where U 6½ Z(R), the center of R, u2 2 U for all u 2 U, and D is a Jordan higher derivation of U into R, then D is a higher derivation of U into R. This result extends a theorem of Awtar [1].
A Body Shape Index (ABSI) as a Variant of Conicity Index Not Affected by the Obesity Paradox: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Arterial Stiffness Parameter

A body shape index (ABSI) is an abdominal obesity index developed based on epidemiological statistics and designed to correlate minimally with body mass index (BMI). We examined the approximation between ABSI and other abdominal obesity indices based on biophysical concepts. The cross-sectional data from 62,514 Japanese urban residents were analyzed. Body adiposity indices comprising BMI, waist circumference (WC), ABSI, conicity index (CI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and WC/BMI ratio were examined. ABSI and CI more strongly correlated with age and arterial stiffness assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) compared to the other indices. The discriminative power for high CAVI (≥9.0) was the strongest for ABSI followed by CI and other indices, in that order. The range and distribution of WC corresponding to the cutoff of ABSI (0.0801), or CI (1.23) seemed reasonable. The correlation between ABSI and CI was the strongest compared to any other combination of indices. CI correlated moderately with BMI, whereas ABSI correlated minimally with BMI. ABSI correlates strongly and approximates closely with CI. Hence, ABSI may be considered to reflect the degree of body shape change from cylindricity to conicity and is currently the only abdominal obesity index not affected by the obesity paradox.
The Effect of Internal Factor Toward Banking Credit Distribution

The country's economy is supported by banking institutions. This is because the benefits of credit are greater compared to other bank businesses such as savings fund deposit services fees, interbank delivery service fees and so on. Internal factors that affect lending include CAR, ROA, NPL, LDR and BOPO. This research was conducted with the aim of simultaneously testing CAR, ROA, NPL, LDR and BOPO on bank credit distribution. The research sample is the bank with the largest number of assets in Indonesia. Data were obtained from the financial statements of the Persero's commercial banks from 2013 to 2017, using the panel data regression data analysis method. The results of hypothesis testing on CAR have a positive influence on lending, ROA also has a positive effect on lending, NPL has a negative effect, LDR has a positive effect, BOPO has a negative effect, whereas if tested simultaneously, CAR, LDR, NPL, LDR and BOPO has a positive effect on lending. With regard to the above conclusions, bank management should be able to take into account the trend of financial ratios for several years, before determining the lending policy
Some Results on the Control of the False Discovery Rate under Dependence

Abstract. Controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) is a powerful approach to multiple testing, with procedures developed with applications in many areas. Dependence among the test statistics is a common problem, and many attempts have been made to extend the procedures. In this paper, we show that a certain degree of dependence is allowed among the test statistics, when the number of tests is large, with no need for any correction. We then suggest a way to conservatively estimate the proportion of false nulls, both under dependence and independence, and discuss the advantages of using such estimators when controlling the FDR.
Too strong to care? Investigating the links between formidability, worldviews, and views on climate and disaster

Abstract People vary in climate change skepticism and in their views on disaster cause and prevention. For example, the United States boasts higher rates of climate skepticism than other countries, especially among Republicans. Research into the individual differences that shape variation in climate-related beliefs represents an important opportunity for those seeking ways to mitigate climate change and climate-related disasters (e.g., floods). In this registered report, we proposed a study examining how individual difference in physical formidability, worldview, and affect relate to attitudes about disaster and climate change. We predicted that highly formidable men would tend to endorse social inequality, hold status quo defensive worldviews, report lower levels of empathy, and report attitudes that promote disaster risk accumulation via lesser support for social intervention. The results of an online study (Study 1) support the notion that men's self-perceived formidability is related to disaster and climate change beliefs in the predicted direction and that this relationship is mediated by hierarchical worldview and status quo defense but not empathy. An analysis of a preliminary sample for the in-lab study (Study 2) suggests that self-perceived formidability relates to disaster views, climate views, and status quo maintaining worldviews.
Diet of three sympatric species of granivorous songbirds in a Norwegian high mountain area during the early breeding season

Cover photo: A male Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus. Photo: Terje Lislevand. Stomach samples of Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus, Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis, and Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris were collected at Hardangervidda in an early phase of the breeding season (during egg-laying and onset of incubation) in 1974. Our analyses of diet composition found that plant material, mainly seeds, made up 90, 95 and 97% by number of items, and 49, 66 and 83% by dry mass, in the diets of Lapland Longspur, Horned Lark, and Snow Bunting, respectively. Seeds of Potentilla, Luzula, different Caryophyllaceae, and Omalotheca were important foods for all three species. Seeds of Empetrum were only found in longspurs and buntings, and fragments of Bryophyta were abundant only in the Horned Larks. Arthropoda were dominated by adult Coleoptera (in particular Patrobus spp., Helophorus glacialis, and Otiorrhynchus dubius) and Diptera larvae (notably Tipulidae), and were taken by all three species in small quantities by number of items but made up 51, 34 and 17% by dry mass in the diets of Lapland Longspur, Horned Lark, and Snow Bunting. Food overlap compared asymmetrically between the species ranged from 0.49 to 0.74 by number of items and from 0.43 to 0.74 by dry mass (scale from 0 to 1.0). Recent population declines in Lapland Longspur and Snow Bunting but increases in Horned Larks may have affected interspecific food competition among the three species early in the breeding season. The food overlap has presumably increased over the last decades due to a longer-lasting snow cover over the nesting habitats of longspurs and buntings which has been a result of increased precipitation due to climate change.
Time-Lapse Active Source Seismic Characterization of a Leaky CO2 Reservoir

A carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) approach requires economical methods to monitor reservoir CO2 flow paths through time. I explore the use of an inexpensive surface seismic approach to monitor the time-varying response of a leaky CO2 reservoir. My site is located in east central Utah, where the Little Grand Wash fault provides a natural analogue for a failed sequestration site. This fault and related anticlinal trap provides a conduit to collect and deliver CO2 from shallow reservoir depths to the atmosphere. Elevated soil CO2 flux measurements, outgassing at the Crystal Geyser, and travertine deposits provide the surface expression of CO2 seeps along and near the fault. Borehole and past geophysical data provide a structural and stratigraphic framework for the site. Through historic and new water temperature data, I identify and characterize eruption cycles at the Crystal Geyser. I show that the frequency and duration of eruptions changes through time, and I observe an overall increase in eruption duration. With a new seismic monitoring approach, I show that a surface-based accelerated weight drop source into a stationary geophone spread is repeatable and appropriate for time-lapse seismic studies to monitor reservoir changes. I show repeated surface and body wave measurements with a 30-hour time-lapse dataset. I model seismic velocity changes with changing CO2 saturation within the main Navajo Sandstone reservoir. My models show that during initial saturations, seismically resolvable reservoir changes are possible to monitor. However, I show that a critically saturated reservoir, like that along the Little Grand Wash fault, shows travel time or amplitude changes that are below the resolving capabilities of my surface-based seismic system. While my surface based seismic approach is not appropriate for monitoring CO2 changes at my field site, this same approach could be used to monitor CO2 changes during initial CCS injection where a larger seismic response would be expected.
N-mixture model-based estimate of relative abundance of sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) in response to biotic and abiotic factors in a human-dominated landscape of central India

Reliable estimation of abundance is a prerequisite for a species’ conservation planning in human-dominated landscapes, especially if the species is elusive and involved in conflicts. As a means of population estimation, the importance of camera traps has been recognized globally, although estimating the abundance of unmarked, cryptic species has always been a challenge to conservation biologists. This study explores the use of the N-mixture model with three probability distributions, i.e., Poisson, negative binomial (NB) and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP), to estimate the relative abundance of sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) based on a camera trapping exercise in Sanjay Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh from December 2016 to April 2017. We used environmental and anthropogenic covariates to model the variation in the abundance of sloth bears. We also compared null model estimates (mean site abundance) obtained from the N-mixture model to those of the Royle-Nichols abundance-induced heterogeneity model (RN model) to assess the application of similar site-structured models. Models with Poisson distributions produced ecologically realistic and more precise estimates of mean site abundance (λ = 2.60 ± 0.64) compared with other distributions, despite the relatively high Akaike Information Criterion value. Area of mixed and sal forest, the photographic capture rate of humans and distance to the nearest village predicted a higher relative abundance of sloth bears. Mean site abundance estimates of sloth bears obtained from the N-mixture model (Poisson distribution) and the RN model were comparable, indicating the overall utility of these models in this field. However, density estimates of sloth bears based on spatially explicit methods are essential for evaluating the efficacy of the relatively more cost-effective N-mixture model. Compared to commonly used index/encounter-based methods, the N-mixture model equipped with knowledge on governing biotic and abiotic factors provides better relative abundance estimates for a species like the sloth bear. In the absence of absolute abundance estimates, the present study could be insightful for the long-term conservation and management of sloth bears.
Input‐to‐state stability, numerical dynamics and sampled‐data control

We investigate the relation between asymptotic stability for dynamical systems and families of approximations. Using suitably perturbed systems and the input‐to‐state stability property we develop a framework which yields necessary and sufficient conditions on the stability of the approximations ensuring stability of the approximated system. The results are formulated for numerical one step schemes for ordinary differential equations and for sampled‐data systems. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance of the Deep Neural Network Ciloctunet, Integrated with Open-Source Software for Ciliary Muscle Segmentation in Anterior Segment OCT Images, Is on Par with Experienced Examiners

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), being non-invasive and well-tolerated, is the method of choice for an in vivo investigation of ciliary muscle morphology and function. The analysis requires the segmentation of the ciliary muscle, which is, when performed manually, both time-consuming and prone to examiner bias. Here, we present a convolutional neural network trained for the automatic segmentation of the ciliary muscle in AS-OCT images. Ciloctunet is based on the Freiburg U-net and was trained and validated using 1244 manually segmented OCT images from two previous studies. An accuracy of 97.5% for the validation dataset was achieved. Ciloctunet’s performance was evaluated by replicating the findings of a third study with 180 images as the test data. The replication demonstrated that Ciloctunet performed on par with two experienced examiners. The intersection-over-union index (0.84) of the ciliary muscle thickness profiles between Ciloctunet and an experienced examiner was the same as between the two examiners. The mean absolute error between the ciliary muscle thickness profiles of Ciloctunet and the two examiners (35.16 µm and 45.86 µm) was comparable to the one between the examiners (34.99 µm). A statistically significant effect of the segmentation type on the derived biometric parameters was found for the ciliary muscle area but not for the selective thickness reading (“perpendicular axis”). Both the inter-rater and the intra-rater reliability of Ciloctunet were good to excellent. Ciloctunet avoids time-consuming manual segmentation, thus enabling the analysis of large numbers of images of ample study cohorts while avoiding possible examiner biases. Ciloctunet is available as open-source.
Giant magnetoresistance in an epitaxial NiMnSb∕Cu∕CoFe multilayer

We have fabricated current-in-plane giant magnetoresistive (GMR) devices based on multilayers of epitaxial NiMnSb and sputtered Cu and CoFe. The devices show a magnetoresistance of up to 3.5% at room temperature. The amplitude of the current-in-plane GMR signal and the nature of the coupling between the two magnetic layers depend on the thickness of the Cu layer. For a 1.5nm thick Cu layer, the device exhibits antiferromagnetic coupling, whereas a parallel alignment is observed for 2.2 or 3nm thick Cu layers at low field.
Confidence Intervals for the Median of a Finite Population Based on the Sign Test

This article presents methods for constructing confidence intervals for the median of a finite population under simple random sampling without replacement, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling. The confidence intervals, as well as point estimates and test statistics, are derived from sign estimating functions which are based on the well-known sign test. Therefore, a unified approach for inference about the median of a finite population is given.
A Class of Nonlinear Admissible Estimators in the One-Parameter Exponential Family

We are concerned with the admissibility of nonlinear estimators of the form $(aX + b)/(cX + d)$ in the one-parameter exponential family, in estimating $g(\theta)$ with quadratic loss. Our method will be reminiscent of that of Karlin who gave sufficient conditions for admissibility of linear estimators $aX$ in estimating the mean in the one-parameter family. Our results generalize those of Ghosh and Meeden who studied admissibility of $aX + b$ for estimating an arbitrary function $g(\theta)$. Particular cases of estimators of the form, $c/X$ are studied and several examples are given. We show that $(n - 2)/(X + a), a \geq 0$ is admissible in estimating the parameter of an exponential density. We also discuss the case of truncated parameter space.
Continued fractions and number-theoretic computations

The purpose of this mainly expository paper is to describe how continued fractions over JT = Q( yD) can be used in the development of algorithms for solving computational problems in number theory. These problems include: the factoring problem, i. e. , the determination of whether an ideal in X* is principal; and the class group structure of X. Some attention is also given to the extension of these methods to complex cubic fields.