Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of vitamin D in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pulmonary hypertension

Abstract Hypoxia pulmonary hypertension (PH) belongs to the third major category in PH classification. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of hypoxia PH. Low serum vitamin D concentration is considered to be a possible risk factor for chronic lung disease; epidemiological studies have found that vitamin D deficiency increases pulmonary artery pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of vitamin D levels in COPD and chronic hypoxic PH. This retrospective study selected three groups of people as research subjects, including: Group N: normal control group (people without any chronic lung disease or PH); Group C: patients with COPD, but without PH; Group C + PH: patients with COPD and PH. Vitamin D levels and pulmonary artery pressure were observed in the three groups. Vitamin D levels of the three groups showed statistical differences in every pairwise comparison; the vitamin D level of Group C (20.27 ng/mL) was lower than Group N (23.48 ng/mL), Group C + PH was the lowest (14.92 ng/mL). The levels of vitamin D in the three groups in this study were generally low. Vitamin D is negatively correlated with pulmonary artery systolic blood pressure. Low vitamin D levels may have a certain relationship with the occurrence and development of COPD. Further reductions in vitamin D levels may influence the development of PH in COPD.
Prevalence of HIV testing uptake among the never-married young men (15–24) in sub-Saharan Africa: An analysis of demographic and health survey data (2015–2020)

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV and AIDS remain a major public health concern among adolescents and young men. HIV testing is the first critical step for linking infected individuals to HIV treatment and prevention. However, HIV-testing uptake among sexually active young men remains low in the region. This study was conducted to assess the HIV testing rates among unmarried young men in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Using data from the most recent country Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, in 18 sub-Saharan African countries, an Inverse Heterogeneity model (IVhet) using MetaXL software was used to estimate country, regional and sub-regional pooled estimates of HIV testing uptake among sexually active unmarried young men in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to examine the factors associated with HIV testing uptake among unmarried young men. Results The overall pooled prevalence estimate of HIV testing uptake among sexually active unmarried young men in sub-Saharan Africa was 33.0% (95% CI: 21–45, I2 = 99%, p <0.001). There was variation in the prevalence across countries ranging from 7% (95% CI: 5–9) in Guinea to 77% (95% CI: 74–80) in Cameroon. Central Africa had the highest prevalence of HIV testing among unmarried young men, at 47% (95% CI:0–100) while West Africa had the lowest prevalence at 11% (95% CI:2–23). Results further show that young men aged 15–19 (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.52–0.66) were less likely to test for HIV. Young men who spent 8 to 12 years in school (aOR = 3.26 95% CI 2.21–4.79) or 13 years and above (aOR = 3.56 95% CI 2.35–5.37) had increased odds of undertaking an HIV test. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV testing among sexually active unmarried young men remains low in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the results suggest that health policymakers should consider re-evaluating the current HIV prevention policies and programmes with the view of redesigning the present HIV testing campaigns to enhance the uptake among young people.
Influence of Growth Faulting on Sedimentation and Prospect Evaluation

Tertiary sediments of the Burgos basin of northeastern Mexico are broken abundantly by faults which are of two types, namely, growth and postdepositional. The growth faults have a sinuous, north-south trend, and are many kilometers in length. Collectively, they make up a series of subparallel blocks of sediments which are faulted in a down-to-basin direction. Although these sediments thicken basinward, they also commonly exhibit rollover (reverse drag) on the downthrown side. In addition, they commonly thicken locally in the opposite direction in close proximity to the growth faults. The structural closures on the downthrown side of such faults are asymmetric and increase in amplitude with depth. Vertical profiles of these faults describe hyperbolic curves which tend to f atten with depth. Bruce pointed out that such faults in the Texas coastal area "flatten and converge at depth to planes related to fluid pressure and form the seaward flanks of underlying shale masses. " He also stated that such "faults formed during time of shoreline regression were developed primarily through differential compaction of adjacent sedimentary masses. These faults die out at depth near the depoaxes of the sandshale section. " Postdepositional faults are more numerous than the growth faults, more closely spaced, and generally have less throw. Their distinguishing characteristic is that the sedimentary section on either side of a postdepositional fault is of the same thickness, whereas the sediments on the downthrown side of a growth fault are always thicker than their counterpart on the upthrown side. Structural closures on the downthrown side of a growth fault afford ideal conditions for hydrocarbon entrapment. Multiple reservoir sandstones are present. They may consist of one or more crescent to "halo-like" bar sands which were deposited around a growth structure or an isolated sand lens on top of the structure. In rare cases a deltaic-distributary system of sandstones is present in the uppermost part of the stratigraphic sequence of sandstones where the structural closure is minimal.
Lithospheric modification during crustal extension in the Main Ethiopian Rift

[1] Quaternary lavas erupted in zones of tectonomagmatic extension within the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) preserve details of lithospheric structure in the East African Rift System. Despite observed source heterogeneity, basalts, trachybasalts, and basaltic trachyandesites erupted in the Wonjii Fault Belt (WFB) and the Silti-Debre Zeyit Fault Zone (SDFZ) form coherent fractionation paths dominated by variable removal of observed phenocryst phases. Crustal assimilation is not widespread, though it is observed at the southern end of the WFB where both fault belts merge; farther north, assimilation of cumulate phases related to fractional crystallization of previous magmas is identified. Shallow fractionation conditions (∼1 kbar) within the WFB do not change from north to south. In contrast, lavas erupted within the contemporaneous SDFZ fractionate at various crustal depths. These results indicate a better developed magmatic system beneath the WFB where magmas rose quickly before undergoing more significant fractionation at near surface levels and a less developed system beneath the SDFZ. The distribution of magmatism and extant geophysical data indicate thinned crust and a single rift-centered zone of magmatic activity northeast of 8°30′N, consistent with a transitional lithosphere between continental and oceanic settings. Southwest of 8°30′N, thicker crust and rift-marginal axes of extension suggest lithosphere with continental affinities. The WFB is propagating southward in response to extension within the Red Sea Rift; the northward propagating SDFZ is related to rifting within the East African Rift System. This region records the unification of two rift systems, requiring care in interpreting the MER as simply transitional between continental and oceanic environments.
Exploring associations between social media addiction, social media fatigue, fear of missing out and sleep quality among university students: A cross-section study

Background Social media use has been linked to poor sleep outcomes among university students in the cyber age, but the association between the negative consequences of social media use and sleep problems is not yet well understood. The present study investigated the relationships among social media usage, social media fatigue (SMF), fear of missing out (FoMO), social media addiction (SMA) and sleep quality in university students. Method An online survey was administered to 2744 respondents that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); questionnaires evaluating FoMO, SMF, and SMA; and questions regarding sleep duration, social media use, health status, and demographic information. Result A total of 19.9% of respondents suffered from sleep disturbance. A total of 15.6% of participants had sleep durations less than 5 h, and 21.6% of subjects had sleep durations longer than 9 h. Sleep quality was positively associated with SMF (OR = 1.387, 95% CI: 1.103~1.743), and SMA (OR = 1.415, 95% CI: 1.118~1.791). The relationship between FoMO and sleep disturbance was not significant. Compared to a sleep duration > 9 h, SMF increased the risk of shorter sleep durations [5–6 h sleep (OR = 2.226, 95% CI: 1.132~4.375), 6–7 h sleep (OR = 1.458, 95% CI: 1.061~2.002), and 7–8 h sleep (OR = 1.296, 95% CI: 1.007~1.670)]. FoMO and SMA did not significantly affect sleep duration. In addition, SMA (OR = 3.775, 95% CI: 3.141~4.537), FoMO (OR = 3.301, 95% CI: 2.753~3.958), and sleep disorders (OR = 1.284, 95% CI: 1.006~1.638) increased SMF. Conclusion Upon experiencing negative consequences of social media use, such as SMF and SMA, university students were likely to experience sleep problems. Further research exploring the interventions that improve sleep and alleviate negative consequences of social media use should be conducted.
Wind erosion research in China: past, present and future

Wind erosion is one of the most important processes associated with land degradation and desertification in the arid, semi-arid and portions of the subhumid regions of China. The total land area experiencing wind erosion is approximately 160.74 104 km2, which is 16.7% of the national territory. Wind erosion is recognized as a great threat to land utilization and sustainable social and economic development. Documentation of wind erosion and its negative impacts in China dates back over 2000 years. Since the 1950s Chinese scientists have carried out an integrated investigation of the principal lands susceptible to wind erosion, and have undertaken many laboratory tests and field observations with respect to the stabilization and utilization of soil in desert areas. Since the late 1970s there has been an increasing concern worldwide regarding land desertification caused by climatic changes and human activities. Hence, wind erosion, one of the main processes of desertification, has attracted the attention of Chinese scientists to an even greater extent. Studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanics, causes and control techniques related to wind erosion using wind tunnel simulation tests and field observations in typical areas. Some encouraging achievements have been made. In this paper we summarize the main research results on wind erosion that have come to light in China in recent decades, and put forward some perspectives and suggestions to deal with problems in both research into and control practices of wind erosion in China.
Determinants of primary healthcare providers’ readiness for integration of ART services at departmental levels: A case study of Lira City and District, Uganda

Background Decreasing or flattening funding for vertical HIV services means that new and innovative ways of providing care are necessary. This study aimed to assess the determinants of readiness for integration of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) services at the departmental level among primary health care providers (PHCP) at selected health facilities in Lira District. Methods A cross-sectional survey employing mixed methods approaches was conducted between January and February 2022 among 340 primary healthcare practitioners (PHCP) at selected health facilities in Lira district. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using Stata version 15. and presented as proportions, means, percentages, frequencies, and odds ratios. Logistic regression was used to determine associations of the factors with readiness for ART integration at a 95% level of significance. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Results The majority 75.2% (95% CI; 0.703–0.795) of the respondents reported being ready for the integration of ART services. PHCPs who were aware of the integration of services and those who had worked in the same facility for at least 6 years had higher odds of readiness for integration of ART, compared with their counterparts [aOR = 7.36; 95% CI = 3.857–14.028, p-value <0.001] for knowledge and duration at the current facility [aOR = 2.92; 95% CI = 1.293–6.599, p-value < 0.05] respectively. From the qualitative data, the dominant view was that integration is a good thing that should be implemented immediately. However, several challenges were noted, key among which include limited staffing and drug supplies at the facilities, coupled with limited space. Conclusions The study reveals a high level of readiness for the integration of ART services at departmental levels among Primary Healthcare Providers. Notably, PHCPs knowledgeable about integration and those who spent at least six years at the current health facility of work, were strong determinants for the integration of ART services in resource limited settings. In light of these findings, we recommend that policymakers prioritize the implementation of training programs aimed at upskilling healthcare workers. Furthermore, we advocate that a cluster randomized controlled trial be conducted, to evaluate the long-term effects of this integration on overall health outcomes.
The M‐/X‐asteroid menagerie: Results of an NIR spectral survey of 45 main‐belt asteroids

Abstract– Diagnostic mineral absorption features for pyroxene(s), olivine, phyllosilicates, and hydroxides have been detected in the near‐infrared (NIR: approximately 0.75–2.50 μm) spectra for 60% of the Tholen‐classified ( Tholen 1984, 1989 ) M‐/X‐asteroids observed in this study. Nineteen asteroids (42%) exhibit weak Band I (approximately 0.9 μm) ± Band II (approximately 1.9 μm) absorptions, three asteroids (7%) exhibit a weak Band I (approximately 1.05–1.08 μm) olivine absorption, four asteroids (9%) display multiple absorptions suggesting phyllosilicate ± oxide/hydroxide minerals, one (1) asteroid exhibits an S‐asteroid type NIR spectrum, and 18 asteroids (40%) are spectrally featureless in the NIR, but have widely varying slopes. Tholen M‐asteroids are defined as asteroids exhibiting featureless visible‐wavelength (λ) spectra with moderate albedos ( Tholen 1989 ). Tholen X‐asteroids are also defined using the same spectral criterion, but without albedo information. Previous work has suggested spectral and mineralogical diversity in the M‐asteroid population ( Rivkin et al. 1995, 2000 ; Busarev 2002 ; Clark et al. 2004 ; Hardersen et al. 2005 ; Birlan et al. 2007 ; Ockert‐Bell et al. 2008, 2010 ; Shepard et al. 2008, 2010 ; Fornasier et al. 2010 ). The pyroxene‐bearing asteroids are dominated by orthopyroxene with several likely to include higher‐Ca clinopyroxene components. Potential meteorite analogs include mesosiderites, CB/CH chondrites, and silicate‐bearing NiFe meteorites. The Eos family, olivine‐bearing asteroids are most consistent with a CO chondrite analog. The aqueously altered asteroids display multiple, weak absorptions (0.85, 0.92, 0.97, 1.10, 1.40, and 2.30–2.50 μm) indicative of phyllosilicate ± hydroxide minerals. The spectrally featureless asteroids range from metal‐rich to metal‐poor with meteorite analogs including NiFe meteorites, enstatite chondrites, and stony‐iron meteorites.
Dietary effect of soybean lecithin on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, blood biomarkers, and antioxidative status of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Soybean lecithin (SBL) is usually added to aquafeed as a lipid source because aquatic animals cannot synthesize phospholipids. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of SBL on the growth, nutrient consumption, digestive enzyme activity, blood parameters, and antioxidant capability of striped catfish. The fish were fed on five experimental diets with five grading levels of SBL (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%) for 60 days. The final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, and protein efficiency ratio were markedly higher in striped catfish treated with 2–4% SBL than the control level (0% SBL). However, the lowest feed conversion ratio was in the fish-fed groups of 4–6% SBL. The carcass lipid content was significantly higher in fish fed 2–4% SBL compared to the control level (0% SBL). The lipase, amylase, and protease activities were significantly increased in the fish fed 2–6% SBL compared to 0% SBL-fed group. The gradually increased levels of SBL improved the structural appearance and increased the intestinal villi length and branching appearance. The triglycerides and total cholesterol were increased in the fish fed with 4, 6, and 8% compared to the control level, with the highest being in the fish fed with 8%. The lysozyme activity was higher in the fish fed with 2, 4, and 6% of SBL compared to the control level, with higher activity in the fish fed with 2 and 4% than 6%. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities were increased in the fish fed with 2, 4, and 6% SBL. The malondialdehyde level was lower in the fish fed with 4–6% SBL compared to the control level. The regression analysis revealed that the optimum dose of SBL is required at 3.65–4.42% for better productivity and health performances in striped catfish.
Development of a possibilistic method for the evaluation of predictive uncertainty in rainfall‐runoff modeling

Using a possibilistic approach, this study develops a methodology for the evaluation of predictive uncertainty in rainfall‐runoff modeling. The methodology proposed herein can be regarded as a further extension of the well‐known generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) methodology. Both methods are based on the equifinality paradigm, under which it is accepted that there may be many model structures and parameter sets (within a given model structure) that are compatible with the knowledge available about the real system. In both methodologies, uncertainty bounds of the model predictions are obtained using Monte Carlo simulations. The essential difference between them is that while in the GLUE methodology the likelihood weights of behavioral simulations are used to obtain prediction quantiles, in the possibilistic methodology the possibility distributions of the model outputs are used to derive the prediction uncertainty bounds. The methodology presented in this study is applied to a conceptual type rainfall‐runoff model.
La faune de rongeurs du Pléistocene supérieur de la grotte de Caldeirao (Tomar, Portugal).

La grotte de la Caldeirao, a 140 km au NE de Lisbonne (Portugal) a proximite de la Serra da Estrela ou sont conservees des traces de la derniere glaciation, a livre une sequence du Pleistocene superieur avec 2 niveaux de rongeurs se situant respectivement entre 30000-18000 BP (couches K-Fa) et 16000-10000 BP (couche Eb). Les microfaunes renferment Apodemus sylvaticus, Eliomys quercinus, Allocricetus bursae, Microtus arvalis et agrestis, Microtus (Iberomys) brecciensis brecciensis-cabrerae, Chionomys nivalis, M. (Terricola) duodecimcostatus et lusitanicus, Arvicola cf. sapidus et Castor fiber. ; La succession des rongeurs suggere, de la base au sommet, le passage de biotopes ouverts assez steppiques, coupes de zones boisees a des milieux plus humides et plus boises, suivis apres une phase d'erosion d'un climat a cachet mediterraneen. La presence de Allocricetus bursae (couches K, H ou Fc) signalee pour la premiere fois au Portugal, reflete la vaste extension des steppes eurasiatiques jusqu'au fond de la peninsule iberique lors de la phase de Rochebertier entre 30000 et 18000 BP.
Research progress on the correlation between MRI and impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease: A review

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a chronic global brain disease mainly involving small blood vessels in the brain. The disease can be gradually aggravated with the increase of age, so it is the primary cause of brain dysfunction in the elderly. With the increasing aging of the world population and the high incidence of cerebrovascular risk factors, the incidence of CSVD is increasing day by day. CSVD is characterized by insidious onset, slow progression, diverse clinical manifestations, and difficult early diagnosis. CSVD can lead to cognitive impairment, gait impairment, affective impairment, and so on. however, it has not received enough attention from researchers in the past. In recent years, some studies have shown that CSVD patients have a high proportion of related impairment, which seriously affect patients daily life and social functions. Currently, no clear preventive measures or treatments exist to improve the condition. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging, CSVD has become more and more recognized and the detection rate has gradually improved. This paper reviews the research progress of magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive impairment, gait impairment, affective impairment, urination disorder, swallowing disorder, and other disorders to provide a useful reference for the early diagnosis and treatment of CSVD and expand new ideas.
Heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 on sodium nitrate aerosol

The heterogeneous reactive uptake coefficients of N2O5 on metastable and deliquescent aerosols were determined in a large aerosol chamber at different humidities to 0.0018±0.0004, 0.0032±0.0006, and 0.023±0.005 at 48, 62, and 88% relative humidity and 293±2 K. The uptake coefficients at the lower two relative humidities are ∼1 order of magnitude smaller than the uptake coefficients of N2O5 on other aqueous surfaces. This effect is explained by the ionic hydrolysis mechanism of N2O5 and the influence of the significantly enhanced recombination reaction NO2+ + NO3− ⇒ N2O5 due to the large molality of NO3− in the metastable aerosols. About 70% of the heterogeneously hydrolyzed N2O5 are found to be released as HNO3 into the gas phase. The results present experimental support for the ionic hydrolysis mechanism of N2O5. The low reaction probabilities lead to lower heterogeneous NOx turnover in specific areas of the atmosphere as assumed so far.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, KOMITE AUDIT DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA

Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh komisaris independen, komite audit dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap manajemen laba. Dalam penelitian ini manajemen laba adalah manajemen laba dalam aktivitas riil (manajemen laba riil). Hipotesis diuji menggunakan regresi linear berganda pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang pengambilan sampelnya berdasarkan kriteria tertentu (Purposive sampling). Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh hasil bahwa komisaris independen dan komite audit berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba riil, sedangkan kepemilikan institusional tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap manajemen laba riil. Kata kunci : komisaris independen ; komite audit ; kepemilikan institusional ; manajemen laba