Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the Culture Protocol for Cultured Autologous

The cornea is critical for normal vision as it allows allowing light transmission to the retina. The corneal epithelium is renewed by limbal epithelial cells (LEC), which are located in the periphery of the cornea, the limbus. Damage or disease involving LEC may lead to various clinical presentations of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Both severe pain and blindness may result. Transplantation of cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet (CAOMECS) represents the first use of a cultured non-limbal autologous cell type to treat this disease. Among non-limbal cell types, CAOMECS and conjunctival epithelial cells are the only laboratory cultured cell sources that have been explored in humans. Thus far, the expression of p63 is the only predictor of clinical outcome following transplantation to correct LSCD. The optimal culture method and substrate for CAOMECS is not established. The present review focuses on cell culture methods, with particular emphasis on substrates. Most culture protocols for CAOMECS used amniotic membrane as a substrate and included the xenogeneic components fetal bovine serum and murine 3T3 fibroblasts. However, it has been demonstrated that tissue-engineered epithelial cell sheet grafts can be successfully fabricated using temperature-responsive culture surfaces and autologous serum. In the studies using different substrates for culture of CAOMECS, the quantitative expression of p63 was generally poorly reported; thus, more research is warranted with quantification of phenotypic data. Further research is required to develop a culture system for CAOMECS that mimics the natural environment of oral/limbal/corneal epithelial cells without the need for undefined foreign materials such as serum and feeder cells.
Preoperative Axillary Staging in Breast Cancer—Saving Time and Resources

Abstract: This study was performed to assess the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for axillary staging in invasive breast cancer. Data were collected prospectively from June 2005 to June 2006. In all, 197 patients with invasive breast cancer and clinically nonsuspicious axillary lymph nodes were included. Patients with suspicious nodes on ultrasound had fine needle aspiration biopsy. Those with fine needle aspiration biopsy positive for malignancy were planned for axillary nodes clearance otherwise they had sentinel node biopsy. Patients (41) had ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. Three cases were excluded for being nonconclusive. Postoperative histology showed 18/38 cases (47.4%) axillary lymph nodes positive and 20/38 cases (52.6%) axillary nodes negative. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy was positive in 8/38 cases (21.1%), negative in 30/38 cases (78.9%). The sensitivity of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy was found to be 47.1%, specificity 100%, positive predictability 100%, negative predictability 70%, and overall accuracy 76.3%. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy was found to be more accurate and sensitive when two or more nodes were involved, raising the sensitivity to 80% and negative predictability to 93.3%. Preoperative axillary staging with ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in invasive breast cancer patients is very beneficial in diagnosing nodes positive cases. These cases can be planned for axillary lymph nodes clearance straightaway therefore saving patients from undergoing further surgery as well as time and resources.
Ameloblastic Fibroodontoma: Uncommon Case Presentation in a 6-Year-Old Child with Review of the Literature

Ameloblastic fibroodontoma is a benign mixed odontogenic neoplasm considered in patients with asymptomatic swelling and unerupted teeth that exhibit histologic features between ameloblastic fibroma and complex odontoma. Radiographically, this lesion appears as radiolucency admixed with focal radio opaque masses of irregular shapes and sizes. This lesion is confirmed by the presence of proliferating odontogenic epithelium, ectomesenchyme, and dental hard tissue formation on pathological analysis supplementing clinical and radiographic findings. As this tumour is less commonly seen in routine clinical practice, ameloblastic fibroodontoma with detailed orofacial features and periodic approach to its diagnosis is discussed. This paper reports a case of ameloblastic fibroodontoma of the mandible in a 6-year-old male patient with an uncommon case presentation and review of the literature.
Acid pH activation of the PmrA/PmrB two-component regulatory system of Salmonella enterica

Acid pH often triggers changes in gene expression. However, little is known about the identity of the gene products that sense fluctuations in extracytoplasmic pH. The Gram‐negative pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium experiences a number of acidic environments both inside and outside animal hosts. Growth in mild acid (pH 5.8) promotes transcription of genes activated by the response regulator PmrA, but the signalling pathway(s) that mediates this response has thus far remained unexplored. Here we report that this activation requires both PmrA's cognate sensor kinase PmrB, which had been previously shown to respond to Fe3+ and Al3+, and PmrA's post‐translational activator PmrD. Substitution of a conserved histidine or of either one of four conserved glutamic acid residues in the periplasmic domain of PmrB severely decreased or abolished the mild acid‐promoted transcription of PmrA‐activated genes. The PmrA/PmrB system controls lipopolysaccharide modifications mediating resistance to the antibiotic polymyxin B. Wild‐type Salmonella grown at pH 5.8 were > 100 000‐fold more resistant to polymyxin B than organisms grown at pH 7.7. Our results suggest that protonation of the PmrB periplasmic histidine and/or of the glutamic acid residues activate the PmrA protein, and that mild acid promotes cellular changes resulting in polymyxin B resistance.
Fusion and diversification in information retrieval

Data fusion and search result diversification are two critical research topics in information retrieval. Data fusion approaches combine search result lists in order to produce a new and hopefully better ranking. We propose two data fusion models for microblog search that exploit temporal information and infer rank scores of missing documents in the lists to be fused. We also propose a fusion method based on manifolds. The method constructs manifolds, let low ranked documents be rewarded to be relevant by high ranked documents in the same manifolds, and utilize the top-k documents as anchors to enhance the efficiency of data fusion. Search result diversification is widely being studied as a way of tackling query ambiguity. Instead of trying to identify the "correct" interpretation behind a query, the idea is to make the search results diversified so that users with different backgrounds will find at least one of these results to be relevant. We examine the hypothesis that data fusion can improve performance in terms of diversity metrics, and proposes a new data fusion method, called diversified data fusion for search result diversification. We also study the problem of personalized diversification via supervised learning, with the goal of enhancing both diversification and personalization performance. The results in this thesis show how both our proposed data fusion and search result diversification methods improve retrieval performance and how they relate to each other. The insights in this thesis may be used to improve retrieval performance for a range of tasks in information retrieval.
Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.

This book provides a convenient collection of important papers relevant to a subset of judgmental forecasting. My review discusses: (i) the scope of the readings (ii) the importance of the readings (iii) what is new (iv) how the book is organized (v) advice on using the book, and (vi) who should read the book. Disciplines Marketing Comments Postprint version. Published in Journal of Forecasting, Volume 3, Issue 2, April 1984, pages 235-239. Publisher URL: http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/for.3980030211 This review is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/marketing_papers/76
improvements in motor tasks through the use of smartphone technology for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Background: In individuals severely affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), virtual reality has recently been used as a tool to enhance community interaction. Smartphones offer the exciting potential to improve communication, access, and participation, and present the unique opportunity to directly deliver functionality to people with disabilities. Objective: To verify whether individuals with DMD improve their motor performance when undertaking a visual motor task using a smartphone game. Patients and methods: Fifty individuals with DMD and 50 healthy, typically developing (TD) controls, aged 10–34 years participated in the study. The functional characterization of the sample was determined through Vignos, Egen Klassifikation, and the Motor Function Measure scales. To complete the task, individuals moved a virtual ball around a virtual maze and the time in seconds was measured after every attempt in order to analyze improvement of performance after the practice trials. Motor performance (time to finish each maze) was measured in phases of acquisition, short-term retention, and transfer. Results: Use of the smartphone maze game promoted improvement in performance during acquisition in both groups, which remained in the retention phase. At the transfer phases, with alternative maze tasks, the performance in DMD group was similar to the performance of TD group, with the exception of the transfer to the contralateral hand (nondominant). However, the group with DMD demonstrated longer movement time at all stages of learning, compared with the TD group. Conclusion: The practice of a visual motor task delivered via smartphone game promoted an improvement in performance with similar patterns of learning in both groups. Performance can be influenced by task difficulty, and for people with DMD, motor deficits are responsible for the lower speed of execution. This study indicates that individuals with DMD showed improved performance in a short-term motor learning protocol using a smartphone. We advocate that this technology could be used to promote function in this population.
The global spread of HIV-1 subtype B epidemic

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was discovered in the early 1980s when the virus had already established a pandemic. For at least three decades the epidemic in the Western World has been dominated by subtype B infections, as part of a sub-epidemic that traveled from Africa through Haiti to United States. However, the pattern of the subsequent spread still remains poorly understood. Here we analyze a large dataset of globally representative HIV-1 subtype B strains to map their spread around the world over the last 50years and describe significant spread patterns. We show that subtype B travelled from North America to Western Europe in different occasions, while Central/Eastern Europe remained isolated for the most part of the early epidemic. Looking with more detail in European countries we see that the United Kingdom, France and Switzerland exchanged viral isolates with non-European countries than with European ones. The observed pattern is likely to mirror geopolitical landmarks in the post-World War II era, namely the rise and the fall of the Iron Curtain and the European colonialism. In conclusion, HIV-1 [. ] MAGIORKINIS, Gkikas, et al. The global spread of HIV-1 subtype B epidemic. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2016, vol. 46, p. 169-179
SHIP DETECTION FROM LANDSAT IMAGERY

Recent inspection of Landsat CCT printouts revealed that the detection of ships is possible. Experience has shown that MSS band 7, because of low radiance values from water and the resultant high S/N ratio, is the best MSS band for a "quick look" inspection of CCT printouts for possible ships. Following verification of the target on CCT printouts of other MMS bands the ship's size, orientation, state of motion, and direction of movement can be determined from the total number of pixels occupied by the target for each MSS band, the orientation of these pixels, and the target's maximum and total pixel radiance values. This paper presents the procedures used for detecting ships, and discusses the problems and limitations of the overall technique as related to ship parameters, sea state and turbidity, pixel overlap, relative geometric fidelity between pixels, and solar elevation angle. /Author/
Cognitive and Ocular Factors Jointly Determine Pupil Responses under Equiluminance

Changes in pupil diameter can reflect high-level cognitive signals that depend on central neuromodulatory mechanisms. However, brain mechanisms that adjust pupil size are also exquisitely sensitive to changes in luminance and other events that would be considered a nuisance in cognitive experiments recording pupil size. We implemented a simple auditory experiment involving no changes in visual stimulation. Using finite impulse-response fitting we found pupil responses triggered by different types of events. Among these are pupil responses to auditory events and associated surprise: cognitive effects. However, these cognitive responses were overshadowed by pupil responses associated with blinks and eye movements, both inevitable nuisance factors that lead to changes in effective luminance. Of note, these latter pupil responses were not recording artifacts caused by blinks and eye movements, but endogenous pupil responses that occurred in the wake of these events. Furthermore, we identified slow (tonic) changes in pupil size that differentially influenced faster (phasic) pupil responses. Fitting all pupil responses using gamma functions, we provide accurate characterisations of cognitive and non-cognitive response shapes, and quantify each response's dependence on tonic pupil size. These results allow us to create a set of recommendations for pupil size analysis in cognitive neuroscience, which we have implemented in freely available software.
Citrus bergamia Risso Elevates Intracellular Ca 2 + in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells due to Release of Ca 2 + from Primary Intracellular

channel blocker La. In Ca-free extracellular solutions, BEO increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that BEO mobilizes intracellular Ca. BEO-induced [Ca2+]i increase was partially inhibited by a Ca -induced Ca release inhibitor dantrolene, a phospholipase C inhibitor U73122, and an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP 3 )-gated Ca channel blocker, 2aminoethoxydiphenyl borane (2-APB). BEO also increased [Ca2+]i in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca uptake. In addition, store-operated Ca entry (SOC) was potentiated by BEO. These results suggest that BEO mobilizes Ca from primary intracellular stores via Ca-induced and IP3-mediated Ca release and affect promotion of Ca influx, likely via an SOC mechanism.
Aircraft Recognition with Radar Range Profiles using a Synthetic Database

One of the most promising signatures for Non-Cooperative Target Recognition (NCTR) with radar is the range profile. Containing information on the geometry of the aircraft, such a profile can be used for recognition. It provides substantial advantages over other radar signatures, as it can be measured relatively quick at a large range and at any aspect angle. The profile is however very aspect dependent, therefore the major problem to be solved is the acquisition of a library of range prohles of all targets of interest, seen at virtually all orientations. Measurement campaigns will never provide enough data ofown aircraft, let alone hostile aircraft. The proposed way out is to consider mathematical modelling in conjunction with accurate geometric models of the aircraft. Thus, at any aspect angle and frequency-band, profiles can be generated to fill the target library.
A fluorescent tagging approach in Drosophila reveals late endosomal trafficking of Notch and Sanpodo

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 207 No. 3 351–363 www.jcb. org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.201407071 JCB 351 Correspondence to François Schweisguth: fschweis@pasteur.fr Abbreviations used in this paper: APF, after puparium formation; BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome; Cad, cadherin; FRET, Forster resonance energy transfer; IQR, interquartile range; krz, kurtz; lgd, lethal(2) giant discs; Neur, Neuralized; NICD, Notch intracellular domain; NiCherry, Notch intracellular Cherry; NiGFP, Notch intracellular GFP; Rbcn-3A, Rabconnectin-3A; sfGFP, superfolder GFP; SOP, sensory organ precursor cell; Spdo, Sanpodo. Introduction
self-reported quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: preliminary results based on the Polish Ms registry

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze selected clinical and sociodemographic factors and their effects on the quality of life (QoL) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients registered in the Polish MS Registry. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study performed in Poland. Data on personal and disease-specific factors were collected between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015, via the web portal of the Polish MS Registry. All patients were assessed by a physician and asked to complete the Polish language versions of the following self-evaluation questionnaires: EuroQol 5-Dimensions, EuroQoL Visual Analog Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to determine the factors associated with QoL. Results: The study included 2,385 patients (female/male ratio 2.3:1) with clinically confirmed MS (mean age 37.8 ± 9.2 years). Average EuroQol 5-Dimensions index was 0.72 ± 0.24, and the mean EuroQoL Visual Analog Scale score was 64.2 ± 22.8. The average Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale score was 84.6 ± 11.2 (62.2 ± 18.4 for physical condition and 23.8 ± 7.2 for mental condi-tion). Lower QoL scores were significantly associated with higher level of disability (odds ratio [OR], 0.932; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.876–0.984; P = 0.001), age . 40 years (OR, 1.042; 95% CI, 0.924–1.158; P = 0.012), longer disease duration (OR, 0.482; 95% CI, 0.224–0.998; P = 0.042), and lack of disease modifying therapies (OR, 0.024; 95% CI, 0.160–0.835; P = 0.024). No significant associations were found between QoL, sex, type of MS course, patient’s education, and marital status. Conclusion: The Polish MS Registry is the first national registry for long-term observation that allows for self-evaluation of the QoL. QoL of Polish patients with MS is significantly lower compared with the rest of the population. The parameter is mainly affected by the level of disability, duration of the disease, and limited access to immunomodulatory therapy.
Disentangling timing of admixture , patterns of introgression and phenotypic indicators in a hybridizing wolf population RUNNING

AFFILIATIONS a Laboratorio di Genetica, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Ca` Fornacetta 9, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy b Area Conservazione, WWF Italia, via Po 25/c, 00198 Roma, Italy c Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy d Estonian Biocentre, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia e Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40127, Bologna, Italy f Aalborg University, Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Sohngårdsholmsvej 57, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
Major trends affecting families in the new millennium: Western Europe and North America

The 20 Century has witnessed remarkable changes in family structures and dynamics in Western Europe and North America: smaller household sizes, a further shift from extended to nuclear families, a decrease in nuptiality and an increase in separation or divorce, the appearance of new forms of unions such as unmarried cohabitation and living-apart-together, changing gender and intergenerational relations, and, last but not least, a substantial decrease in fertility, often to below-replacement levels.
Age-dependent impact of early-life stress on glia and synapses Substrates for increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease

Early-life stress (ES) is associated with lasting vulnerability to later-life disorders such as depression and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An emerging hallmark of such psychopathologies is blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Whether these BBB alterations have an early-life origin and/or if ES impacts the BBB, remains elusive. The BBB is established via endothelial cell expression of tight junction proteins. Maintenance of the BBB is modulated by interactions between endothelial cells and other vessel-adjacent cell types such as astrocytes, and they together form the neurovascular unit (NVU). Given that (chronic) stress exposure in adulthood impairs BBB integrity, as well as the early postnatal timing of BBB induction, we hypothesize that ES might lead to long-term impacts on BBB integrity. Considering the evidence for sex-specific effects of ES, and the strong sex bias in the prevalence and presentation of ES-related psychopathologies, we also hypothesize that ES effects on the BBB are sex-specific. To tackle these questions, we studied the long-term effects of ES on BBB properties both at basal state as well as after a second hit via restraint stress (RS) to unmask potential latent ES effects.
Treatment Outcomes Among Older Human Immunode ! ciency Virus-Infected Adults in Nigeria

Patricia A. Agaba, Seema T. Meloni, Halima M. Sule, Oche O. Agbaji, Atiene S. Sagay,, Prosper Okonkwo, John A. Idoko, and Phyllis J. Kanki Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; APIN Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria, Lte, Abuja
A Study of the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of SnS Thin Films Modified by Plasma

: SnS thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition technique and treated using glow discharge O 2 plasma. The pressure discharge was 3 Torr, discharge voltage of 2.5 kV and 20 mA of discharge current. The as-deposited and treated thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The photoconductivity and electrical effects of SnS have been studied. The SnS thin films had an orthorhombic crystalline structure. The optical gap changed from 1.61 to 1.84 eV due to the O 2 plasma treatment. The conductivity shows a marked increase with the treatment, from 2.56 × 10 -6 ( Ω· cm) -1 for as-deposited film until 0.10 ( Ω· cm) -1 for the film treated at 180 min. This result is a suitable range of conductivity for the improvement of the solar cell with SnS as an absorber material.