Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of systems of play on the heart rate response and the contribution of aerobic-anerobic systems during selection football match play

This study was conducted on state level Indian footballers (N=20; 2 Goalkeepers and 6 each were Defenders, Midfielders, and Forwards) during selection matches. This study highlights the effects of two systems of play (4-3-3 and 4-4-2) on the heart rate (HR) of the Midfielders. Relative contribution of the aerobic and anerobic systems was also evaluated during matches. Results show that in both the systems, mean HR of the Midfielders were almost identical (169.4±13.8 beats/min and 170.3±14.1 beats/min respectively). The overall cardiovascular stress, as indicated by Maximum Heart Rate Reserve (MHRR), is highest on the Midfielders (75.2±2.2%) followed by Forwards (73.1±3.5%), Defenders (65.9±4.2%) and Goalkeepers (28.5±0.4%). Outfield footballers played majority of the time in the aerobic zone (76±5.9%, 79.8±4.1%, and 92.5±3.3% of the total time of play in Forwards, Midfielders and Defenders respectively) whereas the Goalkeepers played almost exclusively in the aerobic zone. The study concludes that (a) overall cardiovascular stress on the Midfielders does not vary in the 4-3-3 and 4-4-2 systems of play, (b) Midfielders and Forwards play with higher workload than Defenders and Goalkeepers, and (c) majority of the energy is derived aerobically during selection trail football match play.
Diversity and Ecophysiology of the Genus OLB8 and Other Abundant Uncultured Saprospiraceae Genera in Global Wastewater Treatment Systems

The Saprospiraceae family within the phylum Bacteroidota is commonly present and highly abundant in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide, but little is known about its role. In this study, we used MiDAS 4 global survey with samples from 30 countries to analyze the abundance and distribution of members of Saprospiraceae. Phylogenomics were used to delineate five new genera from a set of 31 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from Danish WWTPs. Newly designed probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed rod-shaped morphologies for all genera analyzed, including OLB8, present mostly inside the activated sludge flocs. The genomes revealed potential metabolic capabilities for the degradation of polysaccharides, proteins, and other complex molecules; partial denitrification; and storage of intracellular polymers (glycogen, polyphosphate, and polyhydroxyalkanoates). FISH in combination with Raman microspectroscopy confirmed the presence of intracellular glycogen in Candidatus Brachybacter, Candidatus Parvibacillus calidus (both from the former genus OLB8), and Candidatus Opimibacter, and the presence of polyhydroxyalkanoates in Candidatus Defluviibacterium haderslevense and Candidatus Vicinibacter. These results provide the first overview of the most abundant novel Saprospiraceae genera present in WWTPs across the world and their potential involvement in nutrient removal and the degradation of macromolecules.
Unpacking the Association Between Corporal Punishment and Criminal Involvement

A great deal of research has revealed a link between corporal punishment and negative life outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms that explain how and why these associations exist are not well understood. The current study extends this line of research by analyzing a longitudinal sample of high-risk male and female youth drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. The analyses revealed that the use of corporal punishment was differentially used depending on certain parental behavioral characteristics. Even after accounting for such attributes, our models generally demonstrated that corporal punishment was associated with later criminal involvement. The models also revealed that the corporal punishment-criminal involvement link was dependent upon the relationship of the parent to the child being spanked. Our analyses additionally address the importance of proper model specification when examining the association between corporal punishment and later life outcomes. We conclude by discussing implications for future research.
Predicted Public Health Consequences of Body‐contact Recreation ON A POTABLE WATER RESERVOIR

The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California recently completed construction of an 800,000 acre‐ft (1 × 109 m3) drinking water reservoir. Recreational activities, including swimming and other sports involving direct body contact (BC) with the water, have been the subject of considerable interest by local community members. Consequently, a modeling‐based risk assessment study was conducted to assess the potential public health consequences to downstream potable water users consuming water from this reservoir if BC recreation was permitted. Results of the study indicated that the annual risk of waterborne illness would increase three times above background, despite conventional treatment. Moreover, the occurrence of high‐loading pathogen events associated with BC recreation was observed to significantly increase the daily risk of waterborne illness to downstream consumers. The study also considered the cost of additional treatment that would be necessary to address the increased risk. The modeling approach used in this study provides guidance for policymakers and stakeholders who are examining issues associated with BC recreation and drinking water reservoirs.
Exploring Contributing Factors of Solitary Drinking among Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults: A Descriptive Phenomenology

Adolescents and young adults mostly drink alcohol because of social activities. However, some drink outside of normative social contexts, exhibiting a behaviour pattern known as solitary drinking. Increasing evidence indicates that solitary drinking is strongly associated with problematic drinking in adolescents and young adults. However, it remains unclear why individuals initiate and maintain this drinking habit. To address this gap in the existing literature, the current study explored the factors contributing to solitary drinking in this population. Descriptive phenomenology was used. A convenience sample of 44 solitary drinkers aged between 10 and 24 were invited to undergo individual semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed by two researchers separately using Colaizzi’s method. Using qualitative descriptions, the following factors were identified as explaining the initiation and continuation of solitary drinking among adolescents and young adults: (1) enhancement and coping drinking motives, (2) social discomfort, (3) reduced self-control, (4) automatic mental process, and (5) a desperate response to stressors. Since reduced self-control plays an important role in long-term addiction, future studies should be conducted to determine potential applications of mindfulness-based interventions to improve self-control, which may prevent the progression from solitary drinking to alcohol use disorder.
Effect of Drip Fertigation on Potato Productivity with Basal Application of Loss Control Fertilizer in Sandy Soil

To establish appropriate drip fertigation scheduling with loss control fertilizer (LCF) as a basal fertilizer in sandy soil, a 2‐year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of five fertilizer levels (10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of the recommended fertilizer dose (RFD) in 2012, and 10, 35, 60, 85 and 110% of RFD in 2013) on potato biomass, tuber yield and fertilizer and irrigation water productivity. All LCFs were applied as basal fertilizer while drip fertigation was applied when soil matric potential at 0.2 m depth under the emitters reached –25 kPa. Results showed 35–60% of RFD resulted in a better dry matter distribution between above ground and tubers during tuber bulking. Tuber yield initially increased and then decreased with increasing fertilizer rates in both seasons. The highest irrigation water productivity was for 50% of RFD in 2012 and 35% of RFD in 2013. Fertilizer productivity decreased slowly after fertigation level increased to about 50% of RFD. Therefore, 35–50% of RFD is suggested scheduling for potato production in sandy soils under drip fertigation with LCF as basal fertilizer in arid and semi‐arid regions in the north of China. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A POD-Based Procedure for the Split of Unsteady Losses of an LPT Cascade

A time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) system has been employed to investigate the unsteady propagation of upstream wakes in a low-pressure turbine cascade. Data are obtained in the steady state condition and for two passing wake reduced frequencies. The study is focused on the identification and split of the different dynamics responsible for deterministic and random oscillations, thus loss generation by means of a new procedure based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The paper takes advantage of the properties of POD that reduce the data set to a low number of modes that represent the most energetic dynamics of the system. It is clearly shown that the phase averaged flow field can be represented by a few number of POD modes related to the wake passing event for the unsteady cases. Proper orthogonal decomposition is also able to capture flow features affecting the instantaneous flow field not directly related to the wake passage (i.e., the vortex shedding phenomenon induced by the intermittent separation developing between adjacent wakes), which are smeared out in the phase averaged results. A procedure exploiting the biorthogonality condition of the POD modes, and the related temporal coefficients, has been developed for the quantification of the contribution due to the different POD modes to the overall turbulence kinetic energy production, or, equivalently, the mean flow energy dissipation rate. Results into the paper clearly show that losses due to wake migration, boundary layer and vortex shedding related phenomena can be distinguished and separately quantified for the different tested conditions.
Extensive Sampling of Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Identify Reliable Protein Structures for Optimized Virtual Screening Studies: The Case of the hTRPM8 Channel

(1) Background: Virtual screening campaigns require target structures in which the pockets are properly arranged for binding. Without these, MD simulations can be used to relax the available target structures, optimizing the fine architecture of their binding sites. Among the generated frames, the best structures can be selected based on available experimental data. Without experimental templates, the MD trajectories can be filtered by energy-based criteria or sampled by systematic analyses. (2) Methods: A blind and methodical analysis was performed on the already reported MD run of the hTRPM8 tetrameric structures; a total of 50 frames underwent docking simulations by using a set of 1000 ligands including 20 known hTRPM8 modulators. Docking runs were performed by LiGen program and involved the frames as they are and after optimization by SCRWL4.0. For each frame, all four monomers were considered. Predictive models were developed by the EFO algorithm based on the sole primary LiGen scores. (3) Results: On average, the MD simulation progressively enhances the performance of the extracted frames, and the optimized structures perform better than the non-optimized frames (EF1% mean: 21.38 vs. 23.29). There is an overall correlation between performances and volumes of the explored pockets and the combination of the best performing frames allows to develop highly performing consensus models (EF1% = 49.83). (4) Conclusions: The systematic sampling of the entire MD run provides performances roughly comparable with those previously reached by using rationally selected frames. The proposed strategy appears to be helpful when the lack of experimental data does not allow an easy selection of the optimal structures for docking simulations. Overall, the reported docking results confirm the relevance of simulating all the monomers of an oligomer structure and emphasize the efficacy of the SCRWL4.0 method to optimize the protein structures for docking calculations.
A Comparison of Operational Definitions for Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: Consideration of many tests from different cognitive domains in defining mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is clinical routine, but guidelines for a neuropsychological operationalization of MCI are lacking. Objective: Among different operational MCI criteria, to identify those which are best in predicting either conversion to dementia, or a biomarker profile indicative for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Memory clinic patients without dementia (N = 558; mean age = 66; up to 3 years of follow-up; n = 360 with baseline CSF biomarkers) were included in an observational study using most liberal criteria of cognitive impairment. Four operational definitions of MCI were retrospectively applied: 1) amnestic MCI (CERAD word list delayed recall), 2) CERAD total score, 3) comprehensive criteria and 4) base rate corrected CERAD. We compared their accuracy in predicting incident all-cause dementia or AD dementia within three years, or a concurrent CSF Aβ42/tau-ratio indicative of AD. Results: The four definitions overlapped considerably, classified 35–58% of the original sample as impaired and were associated with markedly increased PPVs regarding incident all-cause dementia (39–46% versus 26% of the original sample), AD dementia and AD biomarker positivity. The base rate corrected MCI definition had the highest prognostic accuracy. Conclusion: he operational criteria examined seem suitable to specify MCI in memory clinic settings, as they identify subjects at high risk of clinical progression. Depending on the neuropsychological battery in use, one or several of these criteria could help to calibrate the clinical judgment of test results, reduce false-positive decisions, and define risk-enriched groups for clinical trials.
The use of multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) for the mapping of soil attributes using Aster imagery

Systematic, physically based acquisition of information regarding soils is required to meet increasing demand in agricultural and environmental systems. The objective of this work is to evaluate the use of multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) for mapping soil attributes within ASTER imagery. A total of 184 georeferenced soil samples were collected from Rafard, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. These points were overlain on the satellite image to collect spectral data. The laboratory and image information were then arranged and prepared by clustering samples into classes based on the following soil attributes: texture, organic matter, base saturation (V%), CEC and total iron. Following this classification, mean spectral curves were generated for each attribute class. Spectral curves were used as endmembers for the generation of maps using MESMA. Maps of the same attributes were also generated using geostatistical analyses. Based on the two generated maps, a cross- tabulation was used to evaluate the accuracy of MESMA for mapping soil attributes. Agreement was high for maps of the texture, organic matter, CEC and total iron. We conclude that the methodology used in this work was efficient for mapping soil attributes.
Self-Care Modeling Videos for Spinal Cord Injuries: Design and Production of a Prototype

Background: The use of videos in the rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients allows providing additional information on self-care techniques/exercises. Objectives: To identify the information needs of SCI patients, and produce and validate the contents of self-care training videos for SCI patients. Methodology: Qualitative study on the design and validation of a video prototype. Following a preliminary study on the information needs of SCI patients using a group of SCI patients and another group of rehabilitation professionals, 10 videos focused on rehabilitation techniques were created. The contents of these videos were then validated by 7 experts. Results: The most common suggestions from the interviewed experts were: positioning/movement of the SCI patient; use of alternative assistive devices; changes in shooting image, rhythm, duration or angle. Conclusion: The videos were assessed as reasonable to very good. The experts referred that the videos offer educational benefits when compared to written materials, such as manuals or leaflets.
How People Perceive the Safety of Self-Driving Buses: A Quantitative Analysis Model of Perceived Safety

With the continuous development of automatic driving technology and advancements in related experimental research, the probability of traffic accidents caused by human factors has been greatly reduced. However, people are still cautious about the safety of automated driving technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate users’ perceived safety indicators and the psychological factors of their perceived safety judgment of self-driving buses. In this study, a structural model of the factors that influence self-driving buses, including behavioral intention of technology acceptance, trust theory, perceived risk, and perceived safety, was developed based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Subsequently, a relevant survey of 215 respondents was conducted and analyzed using the partial least squares method. The results indicated that trust, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use were important factors for judging the perceived safety of self-driving buses. The structural model developed in this study can quantify and analyze user data to filter out the factors that influence the perceived safety of self-driving buses, which is conducive to improving people’s trust and acceptance of self-driving buses.
Photobiomodulation Improves Serum Cytokine Response in Mild to Moderate COVID-19: The First Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Pilot Study

Background Because the major event in COVID-19 is the release of pre- and inflammatory cytokines, finding a reliable therapeutic strategy to inhibit this release, help patients manage organ damage and avoid ICU admission or severe disease progression is of paramount importance. Photobiomodulation (PBM), based on numerous studies, may help in this regard, and the present study sought to evaluate the effects of said technology on cytokine reduction. Methods This study was conducted in the 2nd half of 2021. The current study included 52 mild-to-moderately ill COVID-19, hospitalized patients. They were divided in two groups: a Placebo group and a PBM group, treated with PBM (620-635 nm light via 8 LEDs that provide an energy density of 45.40 J/cm2 and a power density of 0.12 W/cm2), twice daily for three days, along with classical approved treatment. 28 patients were in Placebo group and 24 in PBM group. In both groups, blood samples were taken four times in three days and serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α levels were determined. Results During the study period, in PBM group, there was a significant decrease in serum levels of IL-6 (-82.5% +/- 4, P<0.001), IL-8 (-54.4% ± 8, P<0.001), and TNF-α (-82.4% ± 8, P<0.001), although we did not detect a significant change in IL-10 during the study. The IL-6/IL-10 Ratio also improved in PBM group. The Placebo group showed no decrease or even an increase in these parameters. There were no reported complications or sequelae due to PBM therapy throughout the study. Conclusion The major cytokines in COVID-19 pathophysiology, including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, responded positively to PBM therapy and opened a new window for inhibiting and managing a cytokine storm within only 3-10 days.
Efficacy of Nigella sativa extract on individual activity and viability of cryopreserved sperm of Holstein bulls raised in Iraq

The present study was performed on Holstein bulls at the Department of Artificial Insemination pertaining to the Directorate of Animal Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, during the period from December 2021 to June 2022. The experiments were conducted to improve low semen quality by addition of Nigella sativa aqueous extract to semen Tris extender. Four bulls, 3-5 years old and 500-750 Kg live body weight were trained to semen collection using artificial vagina (AV) weakly bad pooled fresh semen was divided into four groups. First group using as a control containing Tris extender only (C), second group added 0.5% NS extract, third group added 2% NS extract, forth group added 4% NS extract.
Openness and Measurement: Two Principles for Improving Educational Practice and Shared Instructional Products

Two studies were conducted to identify the conditions under which instructors teaching the same mathematics teacher preparation course would continuously improve their shared instructional products (lesson plans for class sessions) using small amounts of data on preservice teacher performance. Findings indicated that when lesson-level student performance data were simply collected, by course section, the instructors could make important changes to the lessons but did not often do so. However, when the instructors were encouraged to compare data across semesters, they generated hypotheses that guided instructional improvements, which then were tested through multiple cycles. The cycles of hypothesis testing helped instructors clarify the goals for improvement, use the performance data to test whether changes were actually improvements, and reduce their tolerance for marginal student performance.
Examining Human and Automated Ratings of Elementary Students’ Writing Quality: A Multivariate Generalizability Theory Application

We used multivariate generalizability theory to examine the reliability of hand-scoring and automated essay scoring (AES) and to identify how these scoring methods could be used in conjunction to optimize writing assessment. Students (n = 113) included subsamples of struggling writers and non-struggling writers in Grades 3–5 drawn from a larger study. Students wrote six essays across three genres. All essays were hand-scored by four raters and an AES system called Project Essay Grade (PEG). Both scoring methods were highly reliable, but PEG was more reliable for non-struggling students, while hand-scoring was more reliable for struggling students. We provide recommendations regarding ways of optimizing writing assessment and blending hand-scoring with AES.