Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil response to Burkholderia pseudomallei in patients with diabetes mellitus

Background and objectives: Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease endemic in Bangladesh. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for increased susceptibility to B. pseudomallei infection. A few studies have been conducted to identify the underlying immunological mechanism responsible for increased susceptibility of individuals with diabetes mellitus to B. pseudomallei infection. The present study investigated the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response to B. pseudomallei in terms of phagocytosis and early respiratory burst in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A total of 5 cases of DM and 5 age and sex matched non-diabetic healthy individuals were enrolled in the study to determine the early respiratory burst and phagocytic ability of PMN to B. pseudomallei. The effect of B. pseudomallei on phagocytic ability and early respiratory burst of PMN was determined by phagocytic assay and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test respectively. The response of PMN treated with B. pseudomallei was compared with that of Escherichia coli. Results: There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in phagocytosis of B. pseudomallei by PMN between diabetic and non-diabetic cases (21.8±4.64 percent vs 29.25±5.5 percent). But in both diabetic and non-diabetic cases, significantly (p˂0.05 and p˂0.01) reduced rate of phagocytosis of B. pseudomallei by PMN was observed compared to E. coli (21.8±4.64 vs 65±5.36; 29.25±5.5 vs 71.25±5.59). Similar results were obtained in terms of phagocytic index. Mean percentage of formazan positive PMN from diabetic cases was not significantly different (p>0.05) from nondiabetic healthy cases when cells were treated with B. pseudomallei or E. coli. In both diabetic and healthy individuals, mean percentage of formazan positive PMN treated by B. pseudomallei was not significantly different from that by E. coli. Conclusion: The observations revealed that B. pseudomallei was equally capable of inhibiting the phagocytic ability of PMN from both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. This antiphagocytic property might play an important role in the pathogenesis of melioidosis. IMC J Med Sci 2019; 13(2): 005. EPub date: 01 September 2019
STEREOTYPE CONTENT OF REFUGEE SUBGROUPS 1 SUBMITTED VERSION Stereotype Content of Refugee Subgroups in Germany

Stereotypes of refugee subgroups are still understudied. We contribute to this body of research by investigating differences in stereotype content, meaning warmth and competence ratings, of refugee subgroups in Germany (N = 264). Most extant Stereotype Content Model research is based on observed warmth and competence means values. We applied latent variable modelling using the alignment optimisation to ensure meaningful and reliable mean value comparisons. Generic refugees were rated as lacking warmth and competence. Warmth assessments of refugee subgroups varied depending on flight motives, geographical origin, and religious affiliation, implying that perceptions of threat and competition differed between these subgroups. Less differences emerged in competence assessments, indicating that refugee groups are generally regarded as lacking status. Our results enhance knowledge of the stereotype content of refugee subgroups and make a methodological contribution to stereotype content research.
What Is the Origin of Decomposer Species

• Decomposition processes of the mammalian corpses follow a predicted sequence and represent normal physiology of mammalian death. Decomposition contributes to nutrient recycling, energy flow and limiting biomass accumulation. • Decomposer species are always present upon death and emerge in diverse environments i.e. soil, sterile soil ,water, concrete basements etc. • Decomposer species may result from the microevolution of gut bacteria consistent with the observation that they have greater functional capacity and cellular complexity than gut bacteria and can survive in ammonium rich environment. • Decomposer species may represent the first demonstration of microevolution of microorganisms.
Adolescents cannabis use intention: Validating a theory of planned behavior questionnaire in four European countries

ABSTRACT Cannabis use remains an important concern in modern societies, adolescence being the critical period when the adolescents start to use cannabis. This study is aimed at extending and validating the Cannabis Use Intention Questionnaire (CUIQ), which was previously developed in Spain and based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, in Italy, Portugal, and Romania. There are existing questionnaires which assess cannabis use problems and several risk factors; however, there is a need for a questionnaire based on a proven theory to assess interventions. A total of 3447 adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years old from Italy (43.14%), Portugal (23.90%), and Romania (32.96%) participated in this study. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The scores were validated against cannabis use and the risk of experiencing problems related to cannabis use. The cut-off points were calculated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The reliability index, α ordinal, indicated good reliability on the scales of attitudes, perceived behavioral control and intention. The results confirmed the four dimension structure of CUIQ. The invariance tests indicated that the structure and measurement of the scales were equivalent in all countries. The cut-off points showed good classification capability, especially for intention and attitudes. The CUIQ allows comparative studies addressed to study underlying psychological processes in adolescents’ decisions to use cannabis as well as to assess interventions aimed to reduce the problem of cannabis use.
Extirpation despite regulation? Environmental assessment and caribou

Many caribou populations in Canada face extirpation despite dozens of provincial and federal legislative instruments designed to protect them. How are industrial developments that impact caribou justified and permitted despite governments' commitments to caribou protection? Toward an answer, this paper scrutinizes an approval process for major projects in Canada: environmental assessment (EA). We identify 65 EAs for major projects with potentially significant adverse impacts for caribou—all projects but one were approved. The results show that most projects were approved on the basis of proposed mitigation measures that promise to render adverse effects “insignificant”; yet mitigation effectiveness is largely unknown. Further, several projects were approved even though mitigation measures were insufficient, citing public or national interest. Finally, some projects' approval rested in part on scientific claims that the project area is already degraded or absent of caribou. Based on these findings, EA is failing caribou, acting as a means by which the state licenses major developments with potentially significant adverse effects for caribou, with a pretense of protection. The failure stems in part from a broader tension within the state that manifests in EA: a tension between the state's roles promoting economic growth and protecting against this growth's negative effects. Recognition of this tension needs to be more central to conservation biology.
Optimum Time for Harvesting Cassava Tubers to Reduce Losses Due to Cassava Brown Streak Disease in Northeastern DRC

The present study aimed to determine the appropriate time to harvest cassava tuberous root which minimize the losses due to cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) in the region of Yangambi, DRC. To achieve the aim of the study, 38 cassava cultivars were evaluated in Yangambi INERA’s Research Center for CBSD in the roots at harvest time between 9 and 13 months after planting (MAP). All the 38 cultivars tested showed CBSD root necrosis symptoms. Foliar symptoms occurred on 37.6% of the evaluated cultivars while CBSD root necrosis varied significantly among cultivars (7.0% to 82.5%) depending on susceptibility and the age of plant. This indicates the differential response of the cultivars to CBSD infection. Whitefly population density decreased with age of cassava, it was of 3 whiteflies per plant (9 MAP) to 1 (10 MAP). We noticed that in older plants, whitefly population decreased from 1 at 11 MAP to none at 13 MAP. Although, some cultivars did not show CBSD symptoms up to 12 MAP, they were not necessarily less attractive to whitefly. Negative relationship (r = -0.08 and r = -0.25) has been found between whitefly number and foliar symptom severity or between whitefly and tuber necrosis severity. Beyond 12 MAP, CBSD necrosis (severity score 4) was present in the tubers of 3 cultivars (EUR/2011/0148, Yafelamonene and Ybi/2011/258). Our study shows that in order to mitigate the losses due to CBSD necrosis, the optimum harvesting time for cassava tubers in Yangambi is 9 MAP.
Teenage Pregnancy in South Africa: Where are the young men involved?

Background. The level of unintended pregnancies among teenage girls in South Africa (SA) has remained a public health concern. However, studies and interventions generally do not consider young men’s involvement in teenage pregnancies. Objective. To investigate the sociodemographic and sexual behaviour characteristics of young men who have impregnated at least one teenage girl. Methods. The study used data from the Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention (2009), which included responses from young men (aged 12 - 22 years) across all SA provinces. Univariate and bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression were performed. Results. The results showed that 93.2% of the sample had ≥2 lifetime sexual partners, 22.4% rarely used condoms and 11.5% had never used condoms. Teenage pregnancy incidence was ≥35% in all provinces except Gauteng and the Western Cape. The likelihood of being involved in a teenage pregnancy was higher among respondents who reported having ≥2 lifetime sexual partners (odds ratio (OR) 2.510; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43 - 14.77). Respondents with a higher education were less likely to be involved in a teenage pregnancy (OR 0.819; 95% CI 0.36 - 1.84) than those with a lower education (OR 1.219; 95% CI 0.59 - 2.50). Conclusion. Engaging in multiple sexual partnerships could increase the vulnerability of young people to sexually transmitted infections or teenage pregnancies. Initiatives to create awareness among SA youth regarding the consequences of sexual behaviour are recommended, with a specific focus on addressing young men’s involvement in teenage pregnancy.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Catheter-Related Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Background: Central venous catheters (CVC) are essential in a critical care setting. Thrombosis is one of the very important associated complications that lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The aim is to find out the incidence of catheter related thrombosis in pediatric intensive care unit with the help of color Doppler sonography, its extent, risk factors and clinical impact Methods: 70 patients admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit having central line inserted for more than 48 hours were included in this prospective study. Color Doppler Ultrasonography was performed on the 2nd and 7th days after CVL insertion and weekly until catheter removal. The size of the thrombus was noted. Presence of history of deep venous thrombosis, history of previous central line insertion, lumen number and the clinical probability of Well Deep score were noted. Results: Thrombus was detected in 46 of 70 (65.70%) patients. The incidence in males was 79.3% and in females was 20.7%. Males had a significantly higher incidence of thrombus (p=0.013), with Doppler at day 2 Well Deep score and history of previous DVT were more significant associated findings. With day 7 Doppler pitting edema, positive CRP, increased platelet count and positive blood culture were associated with increased risk. Weekly Doppler showed significant risk with immobilization, positive blood and CVL tip culture and previous DVT. Conclusion: CVC-related thrombosis is common and has the potential for serious complications. The presence of positive history of previous DVT and presence of CVL infection were the most associated risk factor for the development of catheter related thrombosis. Color Doppler sonography provides an easily available, noninvasive means of detecting a thrombus. More studies are needed to establish a consensus for prophylaxis and treatment of asymptomatic CVC-related thrombosis.
Factors associated with non-participation in a health screening programme and its barriers: Findings from the Community Empowers the Nation Programme (KOSPEN), Malaysia 2016

Introduction: The Ministry of Health, Malaysia had introduced the community based action programme (KOSPEN) to improve the early detection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the population. This study aims to identify factors associated with non-participation in screening activities and its barriers. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from May to June 2016 in KOSPEN localities. A total of 2354 adults aged 18 years and above were selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling design. The data were obtained through face-to-face interviews using validated questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with non-participation in health screening. Results: Out of 2156 respondents interviewed (response rate of 91.6%), approximately 75% (n=1624) of the respondents did not participate in the KOSPEN health screening programme. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that, males (aOR: 2.35, 95% CI 1.21, 4.55) and those working in private sector (aOR: 2.11, 95% CI 1.21, 3.67) were more likely to not participate in health screening. While, age, ethnicity, level of education, marital status and household income were not significantly associated with non-participation in health screening. The reasons for not participated were “did not know health screening was conducted in their localities” (39.3%) and had no time to attend the programme (18.2%). Conclusions: The findings are of public health concern as about 75% of respondents failed to participate in this programme due to lack of awareness of the health screening activities. The use of social networks should be considered to increase participation in the programme. Keywords: non-communicable diseases, KOSPEN, health screening, Malaysia.
Molecular and microscopical identification of bovine Theileria species isolates in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt

Theileria species are tick-borne protozoal parasites that infect many domestic and wild animals worldwide. Theileria annulata (T. annulata) is the most economically important species affecting cattle and buffaloes. This work was aimed to detect the prevalence of Theileria species in cattle and buffaloes during the period extended from January 2018 till December 2018 at different localities of Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Blood samples were collected randomly from 174 (86 cattle and 88 buffaloes) apparently healthy and clinically infected animals. Samples were examined microscopically using Giemsa stained blood films. The prevalence of T. annulata was 34.88% and 32.95% in cattle and buffaloes respectively. T. annulata infection was higher in male (44.68% &48.08%) than female (23.08% &11.11%) in cattle and buffaloes respectively. Furthermore, T. annulata prevalence infection was higher in old animal (>6 years) (61.29% &48.48%) than 1-6 years (25% &37.5%), 12 months (18.18% & 20%) and 3-12 months (16.67% &21.62%) in cattle and buffaloes respectively. The tick infestation status showed a potential risk factor in developing infection. The PCR product length was 721 bp from T. annulata positive samples using the specific primer. Sequencing of the PCR products and subsequent blast analysis to detect their identities were clarified with the previous studies.
Prevalence and Perpetrators of Domestic Violence against Adolescents in Rivers State.

The study investigated prevalence and perpetrators of domestic violence against adolescents in Rivers State. Cross sectional and co-relational designs were used for the study. Three research questions guided the study and four hypotheses were postulated and tested. The population for the study was 93,076 adolescents in Rivers State Senior Secondary Schools. A sample size of one thousand five hundred and twelve (1512) respondents was selected using multistage sampling procedures. The instrument for data collection was validated self-structured/adapted 59-item questionnaire titled domestic violence prevalence and perpetrators questionnaire (DVPPQ). The data generated were subjected to statistical analysis using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while Z-test and ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha levels. The findings of the study revealed that domestic violence against adolescents was prevalent in Rivers State with grand mean of 2.63. Guardians, siblings and parents were the major perpetrators of physical, verbal, economic and emotional abuses, while relatives, friends and neighbors were the perpetrators of sexual abuse against adolescents. The findings also revealed that age, parents’/guardians’ educational and occupational status had no significant influence on the perpetration of domestic against adolescents but gender did. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that integrated approaches be adopted to curb the menace of domestic violence in the society, particularly in Rivers State.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors at Jubilee Hospital, Tshwane District, regarding the syndromic management guidelines for sexually transmitted infections

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem globally, but especially so in sub-Saharan Africa. They contribute significantly to the burden of disease in South Africa and are recognised as major contributors to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, with other potential complications when not managed properly. First-line doctors play a critical role in the management of persons suffering from STIs, and need to comply with the national guidelines for STI management. Aim: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors working in Jubilee District Hospital, Metsweding region, Tshwane, regarding the STI syndromic management (SM) guidelines. Setting: Jubilee District Hospital in Tshwane North, Gauteng province, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. Results: Forty-three of the 50 doctors employed at the hospital participated in the study. Fourteen (32.6%) of the doctors were in the 36–40-year age group. Most of the doctors (36 or 83.7%) had only the basic bachelor’s degree, and only 4 (9.3%) attended additional STI training. Only 2 respondents (4.6%) had correct knowledge concerning management of male urethritis syndrome and 10 (23.3%) regarding management of genital ulcer syndrome. In compliance with the national SM guidelines for STIs, 22 (52.4%) of the doctors said they made a diagnosis of STIs using history and physical examination. Only 7 (16.7%) said they asked their patients during every consultation about the number of sexual partners, 21 (51.7%) said they always counsel/screen patients with STIs for HIV infection, and only 4 (9.5%) said they always filled in partner notification slips after attending to the index patient with STIs. This study demonstrated a relationship between doctors’ knowledge of the SM guidelines for STIs and their age. Conclusion: Overall the knowledge and practices of doctors at Jubilee District Hospital were suboptimal, and training on the SM of STIs should be made available to address this. Management should introduce regular monitoring, evaluation and supportive services for the doctors regarding their management of STIs according to the guidelines.
Analysis of Knowledge Sharing Using Canonical Correlation Toward Organizational Innovation

This paper is based on the importance of knowledge sharing to create innovation in an organization to overcome the problem of PTPN competition with the private sector. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between knowledge sharing variables, which are tacit knowledge sharing and explicit knowledge sharing, on innovation variables, which are speed innovation and quality innovation. The data collection method used a questionnaire with a sample of 100 employees and data were analyzed using canonical correlation analysis. The results of the study showed that there was an influence on each variable. Explicit knowledge sharing had influence on the speed and quality of innovation and explicit knowledge sharing had influence on the speed and quality of innovation. Conclusions from this study were that both variables had a strong relationship, so companies can consider these variables in strategic planning.
Effects of Stocking Density on Some Behavioral and Some Blood Biochemical Parameters in Camel during the Rut Period

This study investigated the effect of different stocking density on behavior, body condition score and some blood parameters of male camels in the rut period. Thirty-six male dromedary camels in rut period weighing from 350 to 400 kg were randomly divided in to three stock densities, 3 [lower stocking density (75%) (LSD)], 4 [normal stocking density (100%)(NSD)], and 5 [higher stocking density (125%)(HSD)] camels on 60 m2 of pen, respectively. Behavioral observations were performed for 10 weeks once per week for posture, maintenance, aggressive and social behavior using instantaneous scan sampling. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for some serum blood parameters (Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, and Albumin/Globulin ratio) and blood hormones (Cortisol, Testosterone, T3, T4, and T3/T4 ratio). The results indicated that, in comparison with LSD and NSD, HSD increased the aggressive behavior, standing duration and cortisol level (P 0.05). Conclusively, HSD in group rearing had a bad effect on aggression, body condition score and sexual performance of male camels in the rut period.
COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THREE HOST SEA ANEMONES

4 MADELEINE A. EMMS, PABLO SAENZ-AGUDELO, EMILY C. GILES, 5 REMY GATINS, GERRIT B. NANNINGA, ANNA SCOTT, JEAN-PAUL A. 6 HOBBS, ASHLEY J. FRISCH, SUZANNE C. MILLS, RICARDO BELDADE 7 & MICHAEL L. BERUMEN 8 Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 9 Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. Department of Zoology, University of 10 Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom. Instituto de Ciencias 11