Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Çukurova bölgesi pamuk alanlarında Aphis gossypii (Glover)’da aşırı düzeyde sitokrom P450 genleri ekspresyonu

Polifag bir tur olan Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) tum dunyada pamuk bitkisinin ana zararlilarindandir. Cukurova bolgesi polikultur tarimin yapildigi bir bolgedir. Bu bolgede pamuk ekim alanlarinda A. gossypii mucadelesinde neonikotinoid grubu insektisitler yogun bir sekilde kullanilmakta olup, direnc problemi ile karsilasilmaktadir. Calismada 2018 yili, Adana ili pamuk alanlarindan toplanmis alti farkli A. gossypii populasyonu sitokrom P450 (CYP)’ye ait CYP6CY22 ile CYP6CY13 genleri relatif ekspresyon duzeyleri, sitokrom P450, asetilkolin esteraz (AChE) ve glutathion S-transferaz (GST) enzim etkinlikleri belirlenmistir. Hassasa oranla Hamitbey populasyonunda CYP6CY22 geni 81.9 kat ve Gazipasa populasyonunda CYP6CY13 geni 6 kat daha fazla gen regulasyonu belirlenmistir. Ayrica Hamitbey populasyonunda 4.3 (0.74 U/ml) kat daha fazla sitokrom P450 enzim aktivitesi saptanmistir. Ciftlikler populasyonunda 5.9 kat AChE (0.82 U/ml) ve 4.3 kat daha fazla GST (2.68 U/ml) aktivitesi gozlenmistir. Yapilan analizlerde A. gosyypii populasyonlarinin yogun sekilde insektisitlere maruz kaldigi saptanmistir. Sonuc olarak, asiri gen ekspresyonu ve yuksek duzeydeki enzim etkinlikleri, sitokrom P450 aktivitesine dayanan metabolik direncin varligini ortaya koymustur.
How suitable are man-made water bodies as habitats for Odonata?

Many studies have reported a negative impact of freshwater habitat modification on biota. Nevertheless, some man-made water bodies have proven to be valuable for biodiversity conservation as they can harbour many species. We investigated 36 man-made water bodies to determine their suitability as habitats for Odonata. Larvae were sampled in littoral, during the summer months of 2016 and 2017. At each sampling site, ten samples were collected using a benthos hand net. A total of 21 Odonata species was recorded. Odonata assemblages mainly consisted of common widespread species. Yet, at Vlačine Reservoir, located in the Dinaric Western Balkan ecoregion, we also recorded a rare and endangered Mediterranean species,Lindenia tetraphylla(Vander Linden, 1825). Aquatic and riparian vegetation, water level fluctuations and dissolved oxygen concentration had the highest influence on Odonata, showing that man-made water bodies with a well-developed riparian zone and aquatic vegetation, and with low daily and seasonal water level fluctuations, can provide suitable habitats for diverse Odonata species. Odonata are among the sensitive freshwater insects widely used as ecological indicators and umbrella species, therefore these results about their assemblages in heavily modified and man-made habitats could contribute to future conservation activities of freshwater biota and habitats.
A Keratinocyte-Responsive γδ TCR Is Necessary for Dendritic Epidermal T Cell Activation by Damaged Keratinocytes and Maintenance in the Epidermis1

A unique population of T lymphocytes, designated dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC), homes to the murine epidermis during fetal development. DETC express a canonical γδ TCR, Vγ3/Vδ1, which recognizes Ag expressed on damaged, stressed, or transformed keratinocytes. Recently, DETC were shown to play a key role in the complex process of wound repair. To examine the role of the DETC TCR in DETC localization to the epidermis, maintenance in the skin, and activation in vivo, we analyzed DETC in the TCRδ−/− mouse. Unlike previous reports in which the TCRδ−/− skin was found to be devoid of any DETC, we discovered that TCRδ−/− mice have αβ TCR-expressing DETC with a polyclonal Vβ chain repertoire. The αβ DETC are not retained over the life of the animal, suggesting that the γδ TCR is critical for the maintenance of DETC in the skin. Although the αβ DETC can be activated in response to direct stimulation, they do not respond to keratinocyte damage. Our results suggest that a keratinocyte-responsive TCR is necessary for DETC activation in response to keratinocyte damage and for DETC maintenance in the epidermis.
Children’s views on making and designing

ABSTRACT This paper will focus on children’s views on their making and design capabilities. There is a paucity of research investigating learning in makerspaces particularly for younger children. Theoretical ideas based on constructionism (Papert), Vygotsky (socio-constructivism) and Dewey's pragmatic, inquiry based and reflective learning underpin this study. Fourteen group interviews were conducted with 34 young children (five to eight years old). Their responses were inductively and thematically analysed. Children provided rich insights into new pedagogical approaches, like makerspaces, and identified challenges with the use of the digital tools (3D App and 3D printers). Children enjoyed directing their own learning and viewed their experiences as creative. This research will advance knowledge on how makerspaces and design thinking skills can be integrated in early childhood and early primary education.
Population density of Geoffroy's cat in scrublands of central Argentina

We studied the density of a Geoffroy's cat Leopardus geoffroyi population in a semiarid scrubland of Argentina, by comparing density estimates obtained during camera-trapping surveys in a national park and in nearby cattle ranches in 2006 and 2007–2008. Overall, we obtained 247 pictures of Geoffroy's cats. The density (mean ±se) of the species at the park ranged from 1.2 ± 0.3 to 2.9 ± 1.4 individuals km−2, depending on the buffer applied, whereas density estimates at ranches were on average 32% lower. Only 11% of the Geoffroy's cats identified in 2006 could still be detected in the area 2 years later, indicating that there was a high turnover of individuals in this population. The sex ratio (M:F) estimated during both surveys at the park was 1:1.4, whereas at the ranches it was 1:0.8. The capture success of sympatric pampas cats Leopardus colocolo and jaguarundis Puma yagouaroundi was <0.3 records per 100 trap-days, and no evidence of these species was found in the ranches. Geoffroy's cats seem to be tolerant to some degree of habitat alteration produced by livestock management, and the numerical response of this species in ranches could be largely the result of human persecution and the effects of livestock management on the habitat structure and prey base.
Influence of Alteration of Dry Period Feeding Management on Body Weight and Body Measurements of Jersey Crossbred Cows at Lower Gangetic Region

Alteration during far off dry period feeding management was done to see its effect on body weight and body measurements of Jersey cross bred cows. This study was conducted on 14 healthy dairy animals which were separated into two comparable groups on the basis of almost similar age groups, parity, body weight, and body condition score. Statistically analyzed data revealed that there was significantly higher (p<0.01) tail head thickness in overall dry period and at calving in control group animals than treatment group animals. Significantly higher (p<0.01) overall abdominal girth after 4 months of lactation was found in control group animals as compared to treatment group animals. Significantly higher (p<0.01) body length during overall dry period and at calving was noticed in control group animals. Non significant (p>0.05) difference was reported in body weight and heart girth among control and treatment group animals. The coefficients of correlation indicated high and significant (P<0.01) correlation among body condition score, tail head thickness, body length, heart girth, abdominal girth in this study. It can be concluded that alteration of feeding management practices during far-off dry period does not significantly change body weight during dry period and post partum period but can lead to significant difference in some body measurements of Jersey crossbred cows at tropical lower Gangetic region. Correlation of parameters suggested that the larger body sized animal of same breed may produce more milk.
Effect of Potassium Humate on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Chlorophyll Contents of Glycine max (L.) Merrill and Phaseolus mungo L.

A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of potassium humate on seed germination and seedling growth (root length and shoot length) of Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Soybean) and Phaseolus mungo L. (Black gram). The seeds of Glycine max and Phaseolus mungo were treated with potassium humate at ten different concentrations (from 0.1 to 1.0%) and water as control. The seeds were then sown on moist blotter papers to record percent seed germination, root length and shoot length of Glycine max and Phaseolus mungo. The effect of potassium humate (1.0%) on chlorophyll content of Glycine max (L.) Merrill and Phaseolus mungo L. was visualized using systronic spectrophotometer (Type 106) method. At the end of tenth day, potassium humate treated seeds showed positive correlation between concentration of potassium humate and percent seed germination with root length and shoot length of Glycine max and Phaseolus mungo against water (control). The experiment revealed that, Potassium humate treated plants showed higher chlorophyll a and -b contents than control.
Host adaptation mechanisms and transcriptional regulation in Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial foodborne illness causing >100 million human cases each year worldwide. In contrast to other important enteropathogens such as Salmonella and Shigella spp. , C. jejuni appears to lack a set of classical virulence traits, like adhesins, type III secretion system and toxins. Nevertheless the bacterium is equipped with a large repertoire of adaptation skills that influence bacterial surface properties, metabolism and behavior. These adaptation skills may contribute to bacterial virulence by enabling the bacteria to rapidly alter their phenotype and metabolism in response to changes in the environment. The major goal of the work described in this thesis was to gain insight in essential steps in the adaptation of C. jejuni and to assess the effects of variation in bacterial phenotype on survival and immunity. The results described in this thesis contribute to the understanding of the infection process by providing novel molecular and cellular insights in the C. jejuni repertoire of environmental adaptation. We characterized a functional C. jejuni Tat secretion machinery, which is necessary for the transport of different proteins essential for adaptation to nutrient and oxygen limited conditions and to colonize chickens. Additional studies revealed that a C. jejuni tatC mutant is defective in different virulence related strategies. This might indicate that environmental adaptation via the Tat system plays a fundamental role in Campylobacter virulence. Next we described the existence of two novel complementary lipid A modifying enzymes. We obtained evidence that these enzymes determine the ratio between N- and O-linked fatty acyl chains in the lipid A part. This ratio influences the resistance to antimicrobial peptides as well as the ability to activate the pro-inflammatory TLR4/MD-2 innate immune pathway. The lipid A modification may thus enhance the immune evasive properties of the organism. Analysis of the function of two-component systems as regulators of bacterial metabolic adaptation revealed a role for the RacS-RacR two-component regulatory system. First we discovered that the conformation of the RacS sensor protein, and thereby the activity of the RacS-RacR system, is dependent on a functional C. jejuni Dsb system. In addition evidence was obtained that this two-component system regulates metabolic processes during conditions of oxygen limitation. These results showed that the RacS-RacR system fine-tunes the metabolic pathways of C. jejuni so that it can survive and quickly respond to changes in nutrient and oxygen availability. These changes likely occur in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and chicken and might be central for C. jejuni virulence. Our results add novel knowledge on bacterial adaptation and survival mechanisms which may provide an important basis for novel strategies as to how to reduce the presence of C. jejuni and thus contribute to food safety and human health
Trust goes the other way too: sellers trust in buyers and its influence on sale process efficiency

Purpose- This research aims to discover the effect of interpersonal factors on seller’s trust to buyer and in turn to the sales process effectiveness. Sales specific factors such as time risk and purchase importance are also considered when determining the effects of interpersonal factors. Methodology- A quantitative research method involving salespeople is employed. Findings- The findings indicate the presence of a positive relationship between interpersonal factors (similarity, expertise task orientation) and trust to buyer and sales process effectiveness. The sales specific factors (time risk and purchase importance) also have a moderation effect to the relationship between trust and sales process effectiveness. Conclusion- Through the sellers’ perspective, this study investigated the antecedents and consequences of trust in a business-to-business sale relationship. Recommendations to both sales team managers and procurement team managers to increase the sales process effectiveness under specific situations is provided based on study findings.
Performance of the green spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum (Walker) on previously defoliated Sitka spruce

Abstract 1 The green spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum, is an important defoliator of Sitka spruce in the U.K. However, it is usual for years in which high E. abietinum populations occur to be followed by a year with low aphid densities. The possibility that the performance of E. abietinum is reduced on previously infested Sitka spruce, and that this is the cause of year‐to‐year fluctuations in population density, was investigated by comparing population development and the growth rate of individual aphids on experimentally defoliated trees.
The role of crowdsourcing in industry 4.0: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT The presented study seeks to identify the role of crowdsourcing within the scope of Industry 4.0. For this purpose, a Systematic Literature Review was performed, starting from 476 articles that mentioned “crowdsourcing’ and ‘Industry 4.0’, which were reduced to 31 articles that comprised the corpus of the review work after exclusion filters were applied. These articles brought factors related to the concept of Industry 4.0 and discussed the role of crowdsourcing to support the implementation of Industry 4.0. The review identified a set of five categories of crowdsourcing application in Industry 4.0: product development; innovation; provision of data and information for manufacturing; crowdsensing; and problem solving/troubleshooting. The study was also able to explore the relationship among these categories. Industry 4.0 factors were also related to the Internet of Things, Intelligent Production Systems, Big Data and Cloud Computing, all of which were extensively mentioned in the reviewed body of literature.
Induced variability for flowering, seed weight and oil content in parental lines of sunflower hybrid BSH–1

Chemical and physical mutagens were employed in parental lines of sunftower hybrid BSH-1 to bring about synchronous nowering, to improve test weight and on content. The nlutagenic treatments significantly enlarged variability for days to Dowering, test weight, and oil content in M2 and M3 generations or the parental lines HA-234 and RHA-274. Early and late Dowering mutants were isolated in these lines. In all mutagenic treatments, the mean test weight shifted in positive direction. The chemical EMS was more effective than gamma rays in creating a wider range for test weight. The variability generated for oil content in the parental lines provided scope for selection of high-oil mutants. The utility of the improved lines isolated in breeding has been discussed.
Modified Atmospheric Packaging Extends the Postharvest Shelf Life of Mukunuwenna (Alternanthera sessilis L.)

Sessile Joyweed (Alternanthera sessilis) locally known as Mukunuwenna is the most widely cultivated and consumed leafy vegetable in Sri Lanka. However, it loses its shelf life within 3 to 4 days after harvesting under ambient conditions, which is a big issue in the market and at the household level. Modified atmospheric (MA) packaging has given promising results for many perishables to increase their postharvest shelf life which has not been tested for Mukunuwenna. Hence, the present experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of modified atmospheric packaging on keeping quality of Mukunuwenna. The experiment was conducted using perforated and nonperforated polyethylene with the gauge of 150 and 300. Mukunuwenna bundles with 100 g were used per each treatment. Irrespective of the gauge, perforated polyethylene (PPE) packages reduced water loss remarkably. However, PPE was not effective in delaying yellowing and leaf shedding. Sealed non-perforated polyethylene (SNPPE) packages reduced water loss and leaf yellowing remarkably irrespective of the thickness. SNPPE delayed chlorophyll degradation significantly (P<0.05) compared to that of PPE and control samples. Total soluble solid (TSS) content increased continuously in control samples whereas it was constant between 5.5% and 7% in other treatments. Leaf wilting and withering were the major problematic causes to lose the keeping quality of control treatment whereas leaf yellowing and decaying were the identified causes in PPE and SNPPE treatments under ambient conditions (34.2±1.8 °C). Visual quality rating (VQR) test results indicated the postharvest shelf life of control samples, PPE in both thicknesses and SNPPE in both thicknesses as 3, 4 and 6 days respectively. SNPPE with 150 and 300 gauges extend postharvest shelf life of Alternanthera sessilis (Mukunuwenna) by 100%.
The ordinary lives and uneven precarity of the DACAmented: visualising migrant precarity in metropolitan Washington

ABSTRACT In many countries, undocumented immigrant youth experience differential socio-legal considerations because of their real and perceived vulnerability. Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is an example of a relatively new ‘temporary’ and ‘skilled’ migrant category in the United States created for undocumented youth in 2012 and rescinded 5 years later with a new administration. Nearly 700,000 immigrants still have DACA as of 2019. To visualise the place-specific and day-to-day experiences of being DACAmented, we used a photo solicitation approach with college students living in Metropolitan Washington DC. The value of this method is discussed with regard to appreciating the importance of protected places, scalar uncertainties, and the shifting socio-legal frameworks that immigrant youth contend within an urban immigrant gateway. The research underscores that those with DACA experience spatially uneven and oscillating precarity over time and yet the ‘ordinariness’ of their daily lives is a political expression of belonging. The possibility that this status could completely disappear in 2020 heightens the overall precarity for this group. This case study is indicative of broader trends towards the creation of temporary socio-legal structures for undocumented youth that can either heighten or lessen their precarity over time and across scales.
Epidemiological implications of sporozoite aggregation in malaria vectors

approved: 1,„„. 1„,3 Philippe A. Rossignol This study describes and quantifies some microprocesses of malaria transmission including blood vessel location by Anopheles stephensi and sporozoites delivery of An. stephensi infected by Plasmodium berghei. The study models the effects of malaria parasite-induced changes in probing behavior and mosquito mortality on disease transmisson. Finally, host, vector, and parasitological aspects of malaria optimal control are explored, concluding that classical entomological parameters are insufficient; this unexpected conclusion may lead to revisions of control strategies. Epidemiological Implications of Sporozoite Aggregation in Malaria Vectors by Xiaohong Li A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Completed November 22, 1993 Commencement June 1994 Dean of Graduat hool APPROVED: Associate Professor of Entomology in charge of major Chair of Department of Entomology Date thesis is presented November 22, 1993 Typed by Xiaohong Li
Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Photochemical Activity of Photosystem II in Potato Leaf Tissue Under Non-stress Condition

Under non-stress condition, effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in detached leaves and leaf discs of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were surveyed. Results showed that the maximal quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the effective quantum efficiency (ΦPSⅡ)of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) were reduced by exogenous NO under illumination (150μmol.m^-2·s^-1, 25℃). This influence was related not only to the concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) solution, but also to the active duration of NO on leaf tissue. Results with leaf discs showed that the effects of SNP on ΦPSⅡ could be prevented by bovine hemoglobin (a powerful NO scavenger), while amixture of NO2^- and NO3^-(the decomposition product of NO or its donor SNP) had much less influence on ΦPSⅡ than SNP, indicating that effects of exogenous SNP on PSⅡ photochemical activity was mainly due to NO generation. Under light (150μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 25℃) for 4h or longer period, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in SNP-soaked leaves was statistically similar to that in H2O-soaked control, but ΦPSⅡ and the proportion of open reaction centers (measured as qP） were lower than control, respectively. After 25min dark-adaptation, the maximal fluorescence (Fm) in SNP treatment (8 and 12h illumination duration) was significantly lower than the control, while the initial fluorescence (Fo) in SNP and H2O-treated leaves had no significant difference. Therefore this indicated that under the present experimental condition, the NO-affected site might not be the PSⅡ reaction centers. On the donor side of PSⅡ, NO putatively influenced the light-harvesting capacity of leaves under light; on the acceptor side, NO-affected sites were some components of electron transport chain after QA, i.e.NO enhanced the reductive degree of reaction centers through blocking the electron transport after QA, thus reducing the photochemical activitv of PSⅡ.
Review: Nematode Problems of Bulbs, with Special Reference to Ditylenchus dipsaci

Nematode diseases have increased greatly in economic importance in vegetable and ornamental bulb crops. Nematodes are important parasites of gladiolus, narcissus, tulip, onion, and garlic, and to a lesser extent on leek, spring onion, iris, hyacinth, and lily. The main nematode genera affecting bulb crops throughout the world are Ditylenchus, Heterodera, Longidorus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus and Paratrichodorus. Some of these nematodes are quarantined in various countries and regions due to their wide host range, potential for damage to economically important crops, or because their geographic ranges are restricted. Once established, eradication of these nematodes is almost impossible. Nematode species are often introduced into uninfested land on seeds or bulbs, and once introduced, they are difficult to control. Ditylenchus dipsaci has many attributes which make it particularly difficult to manage.