Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of adenine sulphate, glutamine and casein hydrolysate on in vitro shoot multiplication and rooting of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

In vitro shoot regeneration was carried out for Kinnow mandarin ( Citrus reticulata Blanco) through shoot tip explants obtained from in vitro germinated seedling. The medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BAP) supported maximum shoot proliferation (2.45 shoots/explant). This rate was further enhanced (7.23 shoots/explant) by adding 25 mg/L glutamine, 50 mg/L adenine sulphate and 100 mg/L casein hydrolysate. From the in vitro proliferated shoots, the shoot apices and nodes were excised and sub-cultured on four different medium namely: SCM-1, SCM-2, SCM-3 and SCM-4 for six consecutive months. Problems like defoliation, chlorosis and loss of vigour in shoots were observed at different stages of subculture. These problems were successfully controlled by SCM-4 having 1.5 mg/L of BAP, 0.5% charcoal, 25 mg/L glutamine, 50 mg/L adenine sulphate and 100 mg/L casein hydrolysate. The SCM-4 also maintained the high proliferation rate throughout the subculturing process. Rooting was best induced on 2 mg/L indole-butyric acid (IBA) in combination with 0.1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Rooting was significantly enhanced by 100 mg/L casein hydrolysate. The in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized under culture room conditions in different potting mixture, of which the combination of garden soil, sand and vermiculite mixture in 1:1:2 ratio was found most supportive. After 30 days of acclimatization, plantlets were transferred to soil, where established plants showed more than 90% survival. Key words: In vitro shoot regeneration, micro-shoots, enhanced shoot multiplication, subculture, acclimatization.
Foliar Application of Glyphosate Affects Molecular Mechanisms in Underground Adventitious Buds of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) and Alters Their Vegetative Growth Patterns

Abstract Long-term control of leafy spurge with glyphosate requires multiple applications because the plant reproduces vegetatively from abundant underground adventitious buds, referred to as crown and root buds. Determining the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling vegetative reproduction in leafy spurge following foliar glyphosate treatment could identify limiting factors or new targets for manipulation of plant growth and development in invasive perennial species. Thus, we treated leafy spurge plants with 0 or 2.24 kg ai ha−1 glyphosate to determine its impact on selected molecular processes in crown buds derived from intact plants and plants decapitated at the soil surface 7 d after glyphosate treatment. New shoot growth from crown buds of foliar glyphosate-treated plants was significantly reduced compared with controls after growth-inducing decapitation, and had a stunted or bushy phenotype. Quantification of a selected set of transcripts involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways indicated that glyphosate had the most significant impact on abundance of ENT-COPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1, which is involved in a committed step for gibberellin biosynthesis, and auxin transporters including PINs, PIN-LIKES, and ABC TRANSPORTERS. Foliar glyphosate treatment also reduced the abundance of transcripts involved in cell cycle processes, which would be consistent with altered growth patterns observed in this study. Overall, these results suggest that interplay among phytohormones such as auxin, ethylene, and gibberellins affect vegetative growth patterns from crown buds of leafy spurge in response to foliar glyphosate treatment. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L.
Knowledge, attitude, behaviour of the future healthcare professionals towards the self-medication practice with antibiotics.

INTRODUCTION Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) is a major health problem in the developing world including the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This practice remains an emerging challenge for the healthcare providers. A few previous studies have estimated the prevalence of SMA among the general population of KSA, but there had been no such studies on healthcare students. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of SMA among medical, non-medical students and to evaluate its determinants. METHODOLOGY A survey-based cross-sectional study using validated questionnaire was conducted amongst students at King Faisal University in KSA. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the determinants of SMA. RESULTS The prevalence of SMA was 58.4% with significantly lower proportion among medical students. Tonsillitis was the most common symptom for which SMA was used and was reported by a significantly higher proportion of medical (54.1%) students. Despite, the awareness of medical students about SMA is unsafe and mal-practice (79.9%), the prevalence of SMA practice remains high. Logistic regression analysis showed that students who incorrectly, identified the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections, the reasons of the antibiotics discontinuation had a higher likelihood to SMA. (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.52-4.503, P = 0.001), (OR = 1.575, 95% CI: 0.923-2.686, P = 0.09), respectively. CONCLUSIONS SMA remains noticeably high among the medical students. To overcome this problem, we highly recommend improving the health education to better address this malpractice and improve the students' knowledge, attitudes and awareness towards the antibiotics use and prescription pattern.
J OURNAL OF I NFORMATION T ECHNOLOGY T HEORY AND A PPLICATION

: The information systems (IS) field has studied information technology (IT) adoption for several decades to, among other things, make it easier for organizations to derive value from IT by helping them to more effectively and efficiently use it. Extant IT adoption work has traditionally focused on a single type of structural form: the form in which the purchasing decision maker does not represent the end user of the innovation. While this structure may have adequately represented the predominant corporations historically, a greater number of organizations now contain employees who represent both the purchasing decision maker and the end user. We begin to investigate alternative structural forms by focusing on organizations in which the IT purchasing decision maker also represents the end user. Thus, we investigate the factors what physicians in a hospital setting versus those in private practice find important in adopting EMR systems. Our results demonstrate that the context of adoption matters, and we discuss the additional opportunities that exist in this area for researchers to examine this new theoretical lens for adoption research.
Detecting the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of thyroid hormone disrupting compounds on amphibian development

Persistent organic pollutants such as PCBs have been hypothesized to contribute to the observed global decline of amphibian populations. Thyroid hormone (TH) disruption is one of the possible mechanisms for effects of xenobiotics on amphibian development. In addition to the important functions shared with other vertebrates, TH also has an important function in amphibians. The metamorphosis of amphibian larvae to froglet needs a TH surge shortly before the onset of metamorphosis to proceed. To study the potential disruption during two specific life-stages a bioassay with exposure during very early developmental stages and one for exposure of tadpoles just before the onset of TH dependent metamorphosis were developed. The assays were optimized, validated with PCBs as standards and applied for testing of realistic dosages of polluted sediment extracts. In addition, an in vitro assay using the TH dependent growth of a cell-line was established as a screening tool.The studies presented in this thesis reveal that the currently used early life stage test (FETAX) does not detect effects of the tested PCBs and apolar sediment extracts during the 96-hour test period whereas the newly developed prolonged-FETAX showed significant delayed effects of very low exposure concentrations on body weight, and on the period until- and percentage of animals finishing successful metamorphosis.In the so-called Synchronized Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay thiourea was used to synchronize tadpole development in NF stage 54 thereby starting experiments with a very homogenous group of animals. Significant effects of oral exposure to PCBs and apolar sediment extracts were found on the period until metamorphosis, and the distribution of the developmental stages of tadpoles that did not finish metamorphosis.The approach with exposing embryos (prolonged-FETAX) and tadpoles (Synchronized Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay) may finally better reflect environmental risks of apolar compounds than limiting the exposure to solely a single life-stage or water-exposure. The effects of the highly diluted apolar sediment extracts suggest the presence of TH disrupting compounds in the aquatic environment and possible effects of such compounds on development of amphibians and possibly other aquatic vertebrate species in the wild. The in vitro mode! showed its suitability and importance to study specific aspects of endocrine disrupting potency of toxic compounds.
The Hatoyama Cohort Study: design and profile of participants at baseline.

BACKGROUND Further evidence into the effects of social relationships on health (including those at both the individual and community levels) is needed in Japan. The Yabu Cohort Study was launched in 2012 to identify the associations between social relationships and health among community-dwelling older Japanese people and to evaluate population approaches for preventive long-term care in the community. This report describes the study design and the profile of the participants at baseline. METHODS The Yabu Cohort Study is a prospective study of community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older in Yabu, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The baseline survey, using a mailed self-administered questionnaire, was conducted from July through August 2012. It included information on socioeconomic status, general and psychological health, and social relationships (social network, social support, and social capital). Survival time, long-term care insurance certification, and medical and long-term care costs after the baseline survey will be followed. RESULTS Of 7271 questionnaires distributed, a total of 6652 were returned (91.5% response rate), and 6241 were included in the analysis. Mean age was 71.9 ± 5.2 years, 43.2% were men, and 83.8% had lived in their neighborhood for more than 40 years. Approximately 45.2% expressed general trust. About 82.4%, 49.9%, and 55.5% have participated in neighborhood association activities, municipal seminars for preventive long-term care, and salon activities in the community, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study is expected to provide valuable evidence on the effects of social relationships on health and to suggest the usefulness of population approaches for preventive long-term care in Japanese communities.
Use of smartphone sensors to quantify the productive cycle elements of hand fallers on industrial cable logging operations

ABSTRACT Analysis of time and motion study data is central to forest operations, but current methods used to study work cycles are limited in the breadth and depth of available predictor variables. The objective of this research was to evaluate whether activity recognition modeling based on smartphone sensor data could be used to quantify work tasks during motor-manual logging activities. Three productive cycle elements (travel, acquire, fell) and delays were manually timed while three hand fallers worked on industrial cable logging operations in North Idaho. Each faller carried a smartphone that recorded sensor data at 10 Hz using the AndroSensor mobile app. The random forests machine learning algorithm was used to classify cycle elements and delay from the device sensor measurements. Four time domain features (mean, standard deviation, interquartile range, and skewness) were extracted for each of four sensor values (acceleration, linear acceleration, gyroscope, and sound) using 10 sliding window sizes ranging from 1 to 10 seconds. For each window size, calculations were performed with and without gaps between subsequent cycle elements. Models with and without sound were compared. Overall model prediction accuracy ranged from 65.9% to 99.6% and accuracy increased as window size increased. The two calculation methods did not result in noticeable differences in prediction error, but the inclusion of sound decreased error in nearly all models. These results have demonstrated the feasibility of developing activity recognition models to quantify work based on mobile device sensors, which is an important step for advancing real-time analysis of productive cycle times.
Economic Efficiency of Soybean Production in Ogo-Oluwa Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

This study estimated the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies indices and further examined the factors influencing technical efficiency for the sampled soybean farms in Ogo-Oluwa Local Government Area of Oyo State (LGA). The study made use of a crosssectional data obtained from sampled soybean farmers in the Ogo-Oluwa of Ogbomoso zone of Oyo State Agricultural Development Project (ADP) that were purposively selected because of the higher concentration of soybean farms compared to other LGAs in the zone. Eighty respondents were randomly chosen from a list of soybean farmers obtained from the Apex Farmers Association of Nigeria (AFAN). Data collected was analysed using the stochastic frontier model. The overall technical efficiency was estimated with no effort of broken it down into pure and scale efficiencies. It was observed from the findings that the range of efficiencies index varies great with minimum of 0.827, 0.135 and 0.128 and maximum of 1.0 for technical allocative and economic efficiencies respectively. The mean efficiency which indicate the average potential there in soybean production in the study area 0.94, 0.892 and 0.839 for technical, allocative and economic efficiency respectively. Of 80 soybean farmers involved in the analysis only one was found to be technically allocatively and economically efficient. The measures of relative allocative and technical efficiency provide evidence as to the source of deviations from overall cost-minimising
Environmental correlates of mammal species richness in South America: effects of spatial structure, taxonomy and geographic range

Although some consensus exists regarding the positive synergism between energy and heterogeneity in increasing species diversity, the role of environmental variability remains controversial. We examine how these factors interact to explain spatial variation in mammal species richness in South America. After taking into account the effects of spatial autocorrelation and area, elevation variability and energy mainly drive spatial variation in mammal species richness. The effect of environmental variability is less important. When different taxonomic groups of mammals are analyzed separately, three ways emerge whereby energy and heterogeneity interact to promote species richness. Heterogeneity may have no effect on species richness, habitat heterogeneity and energy availability contribute independently to species richness, or heterogeneity increases in importance with an increase in energy availability. The partition of species into range size quartiles shows that habitat heterogeneity and temporal instability in the resource supply account for the species richness pattern in the narrowest- ranging species. Habitat heterogeneity is significant also for intermediate ranging species but not for the widest-ranging species. Energy alone drives the species richness pattern in the latter species. The interplay between ecology and biogeographic history may ultimately explain these differences given that narrow- and wide-ranging species show distinct biogeographic patterns, and different taxonomic groups also unequally represent them.
Robust Gait Recognition Based on Procrustes Shape Analysis of Pairwise Conﬁguration

In this paper, we have further developed Procrustes Shape Analysis (PSA) for robust gait recognition. As a result, a signiﬁcant improved performance is presented in this paper including the performance on a challenge situation for viewing angle variation. Based on the framework of PSA, Procrustes Mean Shape (PMS) has been well applied in many literatures to extract the signature of gait sequence captured from complete walking cycle(s). Then, similarity of gaits is measured using Procrustes Distance (PD). To describe the shape, conventional PSA uses Centroid Shape Conﬁguration (CSC) as the descriptor which embeds global shape information inside. However, it is not sufﬁciently accurate to discriminate the identity of individuals from the same class of human walking. CSC signiﬁcantly limits performance of PSA in our observation for the case of gait recognition. Its nature of global representation cannot address the challenges of gait recognition which involves signiﬁcant shape (i.e. body pose) changes caused by various reasons such as dressing of individuals, change of walking speed, change of walking direction, change of camera viewpoint, etc. In this paper, a novel Pairwise Shape Conﬁguration (PSC) is proposed as a new shape descriptor in PSA. The proposed PSC well embeds local information of gait as well as relevant global information so it is robust to deal with the challenges mentioned above. From our point of view, a reliable PSC should depend on consistency of boundary point correspondence from the processes of shape re-sampling and normalization which are relevant to the gait similarity measure using PD in the later stage. In this paper, context of body pose through the sequence of gait is introduced, which is signiﬁcant to assist the body shape re-sampling and normalization. Our method has been tested on large gait databases under various walking environments. The extensive and comprehensive experimental results have shown that the proposed method outperforms several other methods in literature with a big margin including existing PSA-based methods, especially for scenario of viewing angle variation.
Community Carrying Capacity

Scholars have explored the idea of the determinants of the size of the nonprofit sector as a linear relationship between supply of resources and the demand for nonprofit services. This in turn has fueled debate about whether there are too many nonprofits for available resources. In this article, we propose that the scarcity (or abundance) of resources does not inherently determine the limits of a community's nonprofit “carrying capacity”. Rather, network exchanges between nonprofits and other organizations may exhibit positive synergistic effects that are associated with diverse outcomes. We therefore propose a model of nonprofit carrying capacity that shifts the discussion to the ability of a community to support network exchanges among independent agents.
Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococci from Human Skin II. Descriptions of Four New Species: Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus simulans1

Staphylococci were isolated from the skins of people living in North Carolina and New Jersey and were studied in an attempt to resolve their natural relationships. As a result of this study, four new species are proposed in this paper: Staphylococcus warneri, S. capitis, S. hominis, and S. simulans. The type strains of these species are ATCC 27836, ATCC 27840, ATCC 27844, and ATCC 27848, respectively. The new species were established on the basis of a variety of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and antibiotic characters. Cell wall composition was particularly useful in resolving species and correlated well with other characters. Characteristic pigment production was useful in distinguishing several of the different species. A summary of the character variation found in the species and a scheme for the classification of human cutaneous staphylococci are included in this paper. The predominant staphylococci found on human skin were S. epidermidis and S. hominis.
Inferring User Profile Attributes From Multidimensional Mobile Phone Sensory Data

User profile can be used to characterize a person and help us better understand him/her, which further can be utilized to provide enhanced personalized services. When using mobile phone, some of one’s information are unavoidably and unobtrusively passed or stored, which makes it possible to draw the user profile. In this paper, we propose to infer user profile, including age, gender, and personality traits based on mobile phone sensory data. Specifically, we capture data when unlocking screen, playing games as well as some basic mobile phone information, app usage, and screen status by using common available sensors in commodity mobile phones. By analyzing the differences in users’ phone usage, we extracted features for user profile inference. Random Forest regression and random forest classification models are separately used to estimate age and gender of the user while support vector regression algorithm is applied to identify personality traits. In addition, we evaluate the model through real-life experiments conducted with a total of 84 phone users. Experimental results show that our approach effective, achieving an RSME of 4.3696 in age estimation and precision of 91.70% in gender detection. As for personality traits identification, the root mean square errors of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are 0.29, 0.3506, 0.465, 0.3022, and 0.452, respectively.
Adult movements between populations in the specialist butterfly Proclossiana eunomia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Abstract. 1 The structure of local populations of a monophagous butterfly, the bog fritillary Proclossiana eunomia, was studied in a complex of suitable habitat patches separated by spruce plantations or fertilized pasture. 2 An unexpected high level of adult movements between habitat patches was detected by a mark—release—recapture technique. Local populations were connected by adult movements across unsuitable habitats, leading to a meta‐population structure. 3 This evidence of the metapopulation structure of a specialist butterfly challenges the supposed relationship between habitat specialization and closed, isolated populations. 4 Males and females of P.eunomia exhibited different spatial behaviours; females were more likely to emigrate and dispersed further than males. These differences in spatial behaviour are related to the mating system.