Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sélection indirecte en évolution Darwinienne : Mécanismes et implications

Le modele Aevol est un modele d'evolution experimentale in silico developpe par Carole Knibbe et Guillaume Beslon pour etudier l'evolution de la structure des genomes. Aevol a permis d'identifier une tres forte pression de selection indirecte vers un certain niveau de variabilite mutationnelle du phenotype : la survie a long terme d'une lignee etant conditionnee a sa capacite a produire des mutations avantageuses sans pour autant produire trop de mutations deleteres, un certain compromis entre robustesse et evolvabilite est indirectement selectionne. Une consequence de cette pression de selection indirecte est le role central joue par le taux spontane de rearrangements chromosomiques dans la determination de la structure du genome. Dans ce travail, nous avons modifie le modele Aevol pour introduire d'une part un processus explicite de regulation de l'expression des genes et d'autre part, une sensibilite aux similarites entre sequences dans les evenements de recombinaison de l'ADN. Nous avons ainsi pu etudier l'effet de ces variations sur la selection de second-ordre. Nous avons en particulier observe que celle-ci est extremement robuste aux choix de modelisation : les effets lies aux rearrangements sont en effet observes de la meme facon lorsque les organismes possedent un reseau de regulation (qui plus est, ces effets sont visibles sur le reseau lui-meme), lorsque les rearrangements se produisent preferentiellement entre sequences similaires et lorsque les transferts horizontaux sont possibles. De plus, les effets de cette pression de selection de second-ordre ne sont pas limites au niveau genomique : de forts taux de rearrangements tendent a donner lieu a des genomes presentant beaucoup d'operons, tres peu d'ARNs non-codants et des reseaux de regulation tres simples. Au contraire, chez les organismes ayant evolue avec de faibles taux de rearrangement, la plupart des genes sont transcrits sur des ARNs monocistroniques. Ces organismes possedent un grand nombre d'ARNs non-codants et presentent des reseaux de regulation tres complexes. Ces effets observes dans le modele a differents niveaux d'organisation peuvent s'apparenter a de nombreuses caracteristiques observees chez les organismes reels. Ainsi les pressions selectives indirectes observees grâce au model Aevol permettent de reproduire un large spectre de proprietes biologiques connues en ne modifiant que le seul taux de rearrangements dans le modele. Ces mecanismes de selection indirecte apparaissent donc comme de bons candidats pour expliquer ces memes observations sur les organismes reels.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH HIJAU TERHADAP KEJADIAN KEPUTIHAN

Background : Whiteness in adolescents is often found in adolescents who are less concerned with the cleanliness and maintenance of regional genetalia. High levels of whiteness in women and girls in the world and in Indonesia, as well as fatal impacts if left untreated. Correctly so we need a way / strategy to overcome leucorrhoea, one of them with boiled water of green betel leaves that have efficacy without side effects. Objective : To know the effect of Water Decoction of Green Betel Leaf against the occurrence of leucorrhoea. Method : This study used experimental quasi experimental method (experimental quasi) or experimental research design with Time Series Design Design Design.Treatment of 30 respondents, 20 control respondents conducted in Turen Village, Canden, Jetis, Bantul, Yogyakarta April 2016 and implementation of activities in June 2016 and completion of the report in July 2016 Result : Based on the analysis of the average decrease in the rate of real water decomposition of Boiling Water Green Leaves was statistically significant with p = 0.001 p (= 0.05) between the treatment group and the control group. The decrease in whiteness occurred in the treatment group -12,8290 from pre-test to post-test. Conclusion : The provision of Green Betel Leaf Rinse has an influence on decreasing the level of discharge experienced by young women.
Childhood trauma and negative memory bias as shared risk factors for psychopathology and comorbidity in a naturalistic psychiatric patient sample

Both childhood trauma and negative memory bias are associated with the onset and severity level of several psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Studies on these risk factors, however, generally use homogeneous noncomorbid samples. Hence, studies in naturalistic psychiatric samples are lacking. Moreover, we know little about the quantitative relationship between the frequency of traumatic childhood events, strength of memory bias and number of comorbid psychiatric disorders; the latter being an index of severity. The current study examined the association of childhood trauma and negative memory bias with psychopathology in a large naturalistic psychiatric patient sample.
Targeted anti-TNF therapy in severe sarcoidosis: towards precision medicine

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem, granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The disease has many clinical phenotypes, ranging from asymptomatic and self-limiting to severe and life threatening disease. Virtually any organ can be involved, but pulmonary involvement is seen in approximately 90% of patients. Often other organs such as lymph nodes, eyes and skin are involved. In severe cases, third-line therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologicals infliximab or adalimumab is a therapeutic option. Since sarcoidosis is a rare disease and only approximately 10% of sarcoidosis patients are eligible for treatment with these agents, guidelines are based on limited clinical data. The aim of this thesis was to study the effect of infliximab and adalimumab in severe sarcoidosis and to assess whether pharmacogenetics, inflammatory biomarkers, pharmacokinetics and exposure to infliximab can aid in more precision based anti-TNF treatment in severe sarcoidosis. In a prospective, single arm study infliximab was found to be effective in severe, refractory sarcoidosis after six months of treatment: pulmonary function test forced vital capacity (FVC) showed a clinically significant mean improvement of 6.6% predicted. A significant reduction in inflammatory parameters soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose by positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) scan was found. Quality of life improved significantly according to patient global assessment score on a visual analogue score and physical functioning on short-from 36. SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET scan of the pulmonary parenchyma at baseline correlated with improvement in FVC: patients with a higher SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET scan showed a larger improvement in FVC. The positive effect of infliximab was maintained for at least two years when treatment was continued. In patients who had become intolerant to infliximab, adalimumab was a suitable alternative: in 72% of the patients at least a stable disease pattern was observed when they switched from infliximab to adalimumab. Patients with certain genetic variations in TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B and HLA had a better response to infliximab compared to patients without these genetic variations, but further research is needed to confirm these findings. A population pharmacokinetic model was designed for infliximab in severe sarcoidosis. Body surface area, body weight, serum albumin and antibodies against infliximab were found to influence infliximab pharmacokinetics. No correlation between infliximab concentration or exposure to infliximab and response was found. This suggests that the infliximab concentrations in sarcoidosis might be supratherapeutic and that the dose can be lowered. Future studies are needed to establish the minimal effective concentration in severe sarcoidosis treatment.
Estimation of Synaptic Conductances in Presence of Nonlinear Effects Caused by Subthreshold Ionic Currents

Subthreshold fluctuations in neuronal membrane potential traces contain nonlinear components, and employing nonlinear models might improve the statistical inference. We propose a new strategy to estimate synaptic conductances, which has been tested using in silico data and applied to in vivo recordings. The model is constructed to capture the nonlinearities caused by subthreshold activated currents, and the estimation procedure can discern between excitatory and inhibitory conductances using only one membrane potential trace. More precisely, we perform second order approximations of biophysical models to capture the subthreshold nonlinearities, resulting in quadratic integrate-and-fire models, and apply approximate maximum likelihood estimation where we only suppose that conductances are stationary in a 50–100 ms time window. The results show an improvement compared to existent procedures for the models tested here.
Joseph

Joseph A. Dane’s What is a Book? The Study of Early Printed Books is a much-welcomed new introduction to the history of the book. It serves as a comprehensive overview of the ﬁeld of historical book studies and focuses strongly on readers with a background in philology, particularly in English literature. The author’s intention is to explain basic bibliographical terminology and familiarise students with the tools of bibliographical description. Dane, a professor of English with a strong background in Chaucer studies and bibliography, has published widely on his production and reception of books in the Early Modern period. This book is the product of the profound personal bibliographical knowledge of Dane. The title of the book is slightly misleading, given that he is not interested in discussing the nature of the book or its importance. Nevertheless, it is a worthwhile read for anyone seeking to understand the production of the book in the Early Modern period.
Pulmonary Vein Denervation Enhances Long-Term Benefit After Circumferential Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Background— There are no data to evaluate the relationship between autonomic nerve function modification and recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA). This study assesses the incremental benefit of vagal denervation by radiofrequency in preventing recurrent AF in a large series of patients undergoing CPVA for paroxysmal AF. Methods and Results— Data were collected on 297 patients undergoing CPVA for paroxysmal AF. Abolition of all evoked vagal reflexes around all pulmonary vein ostia was defined as complete vagal denervation (CVD) and was obtained in 34.3% of patients. Follow-up ended at 12 months. Heart rate variability attenuation, consistent with vagal withdrawal, was detectable for up to 3 months after CPVA, particularly in patients with reflexes and CVD, who were less likely to have recurrent AF than those without reflexes (P=0.0002, log-rank test). Only the percentage area of left atrial isolation and CVD were predictors of AF recurrence after CPVA (P<0.
Recent Advances in Color and Whiteness Evaluations in Dentistry

The final goal of color measurement or shade specification in dentistry is the reproduction by prosthetic materials of all important appearance characteristics of natural oral structures. The application of color science in dentistry is an objective way to measure and evaluate such structures and dental materials in clinical practice and dental research. Literature on color science was reviewed to present new metrics to evaluate color differences of dental materials and dental structures. Visual acceptability and perceptibility values of color differences are reviewed and new whiteness indexes to describe whiteness in dentistry are presented. In the last decade, the CIELAB 50:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds were set to 1.2 and 2.7, respectively, and the CIEDE2000 50:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds were set to 0.8 and 1.8. The CIEDE2000 color-difference formula became increasingly popular in dentistry. Developments in color science have led to the description of tooth whiteness and changes in tooth whiteness based on whiteness indexes, with the most relevant being the WID whiteness index, which is a customized index based in CIELAB color space. The application of color science in dentistry has allowed the precise description of tooth color and whiteness. The revised and new CIEDE2000 color-difference formula is expected to fully replace the outdated CIELAB formula in almost all dental applications. Recent psychophysical studies have reported values of visual thresholds and new whiteness indexes, which can serve as quality control tools to guide the selection of esthetic dental materials, evaluate clinical performance, and interpret visual and instrumental findings in clinical dentistry, dental research, and subsequent standardization.
Frequency, Risk Factors and Clinical Forms of Neuropathies in Diabetics in Hospitals in Burkina Faso

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. Most of the studies on the subject in the sub region, particularly in Burkina Faso, dealt it with the study of the complications of diabetes, or one of its components. Our study was designed to study in particular in all its aspects, by searching for its peculiarities in our context, for improvement of its support. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in 150 diabetic patients aged at least 15 years followed in the Department of Internal Medicine at Yalgado Ouedraogo University Teaching Hospital. All patients included had agreed to participate in our survey after informed consent. We collected the data during the period from 2015 November to 2016 June. Each patient was evaluated by the DN4 questionnaire and clinically by a neurological examination. We determinated the frequency, the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of diabetes neuropathy and its related factors. Results: The frequency of diabetic neuropathy was 80.7%. Peripheral neuropathies were seen in 81.8% of cases and autonomic neuropathies in 72.7% of cases. Autonomic neuropathy was dominated by the DAN (59.1%), and erectile dysfunction (44%). There was a high comorbidity with physical inactivity (66.9%), obesity (49.4%) and hypertension (38.8%). There were poorly controlled patients in 38.8%. A link was found between T2DM and neuropathy (p = 0.014). Painful diabetes was related to the quality of glycemic control (p = 0.007), and hypertension (p = 0.021). A link was also found between tobacco consumption (p < 0.001), male (p < 0.001), and urogenital autonomic neuropathy. Conclusion: Diabetic neuropathies are very common in our context and could be a haunting to the practitioner with the progression of diabetes and its corollary of degenerative complications. There was a significant association between Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and the presence of peripheral diabetic neuropathy.
Functional Outcome Following Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement in the Setting of Trauma with Minimum 1 Year Follow-Up

Aims: To evaluate the short term functional outcomes following a reverse total shoulder replacement for complex neck of humerus fractures. Methods: A single centre retrospective case series evaluating all patients who underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty following a complex neck of humerus fracture. Functional shoulder movements were assessed by two orthopaedic trainees at 1 year follow-up and compared to the opposite shoulder. Subjective assessment was measured using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS). Documentation of any complications was also noted. Findings: The reverse total shoulder replacement showed favourable outcomes both subjectively and objectively. Subjectively patients in this study scored a mean of 27.5 +/- 24.4 (range 0 - 57.8) in the DASH and 37.9 +/- 9.2 (range 26 - 48) in the OSS. There was a high negative linear correlation between the 2 scoring systems (r = -0.95, p Conclusion: A reverse total shoulder replacement shows favourable subjective and objective outcomes for complex neck of humerus fractures in the trauma setting.
Constraints to production and preferred traits for taro (Colocasia esculenta) and new cocoyam (Xanthosoma mafaffa) in Togo, West Africa.

Taro ( Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) and tannia (new cocoyam) ( Xanthosoma mafaffa L. Schott) are food crops cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America. In cultivation, they are always vegetatively propagated and their production faces many constraints. Their corm is an important source of carbohydrates and leaves eaten as vegetable provide important minerals and vitamins. In Togo, although these crops are among the most important food crops in some rural areas, they appear at the country level as neglected and underutilized species (NUS) and should be promoted. However, adequate information related to production, constraints, farmers’ preferred traits and utilisation is lacking for the development of efficient breeding schemes and their sustainable preservation and use in Togo. In this paper, a focus group survey was conducted in all five ecological zones of the country to document farmers’ perceptions regarding constraints for production of these two crops and their preferred traits for production and utilization. Collected data were analysed through descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages and means) using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS 20) and Excel spreadsheets. Rainfall irregularity (or shortage of rainy seasons) (68.4% of responses), soil infertility (61.5% of responses) and inefficient marketing (58.7% of responses) were the most common production constraints reported. Farmers preferred early-maturity (73% of responses) and high-yield (65% of responses) as crop traits. Men are more involved in production of these crops in Togo (79% of respondents). However, the constraints and preferences reported were not gender dependent. This study showed that production of taro and tania faces many challenges in Togo. Morphological and molecular characterization of grown varieties is highly recommended to help select suitable varieties for breeding programmes. Improvements in food processing and accessibility of credit should be prioritized to generate more income for farmers and encourage production in Togo. Keywords: Agriculture, Colocasia esculenta , constraints, farmers, preferences, production, Togo, Xanthosoma mafaffa
Posterior Circulation Ischemia: Then, Now, and Tomorrow

To know and appreciate where we are now and where we are going in the future, it is essential to know where we have been. We cannot afford to relive and repeat the history of stroke every several decades. Posterior circulation stroke represents a microcosm of stroke in general. In this presentation I first review the development of ideas regarding brain and posterior circulation ischemia and its recognition and treatment. I then share some recent data from a large prospective registry of patients with posterior circulation ischemia. Finally, I look ahead to reflect on what I believe should be the future directions for research and for the care of patients with posterior circulation disease. Patients who present to physicians and hospitals with symptoms that suggest posterior circulation ischemia are handled differently from patients who have symptoms that suggest anterior circulation disease in the great majority of medical facilities in the United States and in the world. A patient who has an attack of dizziness with diplopia and ataxic gait usually has a brain image but seldom has vascular or cardiac investigations. A diagnosis of “vertebrobasilar insufficiency” (VBI) is often made, and physicians then debate whether or not to treat with warfarin-type anticoagulants, and, if so, for how long and at what intensity. In contrast, a patient who has right-hand weakness and aphasia is usually evaluated and treated quite differently at the very same facilities. Brain imaging, cardiac investigations, noninvasive vascular tests of the carotid and intracranial anterior circulation with the use of extracranial and transcranial ultrasound and/or MR angiography (MRA) and CT angiography, and catheter angiography are often pursued, depending on the local technological capabilities and experience of the treating physicians. An effort is made to identify the etiology and mechanism of the ischemia. Treatment is then chosen among a variety of possibilities (including carotid artery surgery, angioplasty, anticoagulants, and antiplatelet aggregants) depending on the nature, location, and severity of the occlusive disease and the mechanism of ischemia. Why should anterior and posterior circulation ischemia be handled so differently? Does this schizophrenic approach make sense? After all, the internal carotid artery and its branches and the vertebral (VA) and basilar arteries (BA) and their branches are just a few inches apart; they are made of the same coats and look the same under the microscope except for size. These vessels carry the same blood under the same blood pressure. The diseases that affect the blood vessels in the 2 circulations are the same. Do stroke mechanisms really differ between the 2 circulations? How did this differing approach originate, and does it continue to make sense today? These are some questions that I will attempt to answer as I review the development of ideas about posterior circulation ischemia and as I report recent data.
The Impact of Teenage Pregnancy on Academic Performance of Grade 7 Learners at a School in the Zambezi Region

The Namibia Demographic Survey in 2013 revealed that about one out of five teenagers aged 15 to 19 were either pregnant or had given birth. The United Nations report for the same year believes that about 127 girls get pregnant every day in Namibia. The aim of this article was to find out the impact of teenage pregnancy on academic performance of Grade 7 learners at a school in the Zambezi Region. A qualitative research method was used in this article and two teachers and 4 pregnant learners were interviewed. The findings for this study revealed the reasons why these teenagers get pregnant as follows: lack of parental care and control, lack of some material needs, poor peer guidance, lack of sex education, and the influence of alcohol and drug abuse. The impact of teenage pregnancy on academic performance included poor academic performance after the pregnancy, increase dropout because of pregnancy related issues and negative feeling on schooling.