Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Data-Driven Control Barrier Functions for Unknown Continuous Control Affine Systems

In this letter, we introduce robust data-driven control barrier functions (CBF-DDs) to guarantee robust safety of unknown continuous control affine systems despite worst-case realizations of generalization errors from prior data under various continuity assumptions. To achieve this, we leverage non-parametric data-driven approaches for learning guaranteed upper and lower bounds of an unknown function from the data set to formulate/obtain a safe input set for a given state. By incorporating the safe input set into an optimization-based controller, the safety of the system can be ensured. Moreover, we present several complexity reduction approaches including providing subproblems that can be solved in parallel and downsampling strategies to improve computational performance.
Listening to young children: An investigation of children’s day care experiences in Children’s Centres

This article presents the findings of qualitative research investigating how six young children were experiencing and enjoying their day care in Children’s Centres. Tools and methodologies were developed to listen to each child and to obtain unified answers to research questions. The children’s relationships with carers and other children had high importance to them and there were shortcomings in the availability of key adults and their interactions with them for some children. The psychological need for children’s attachments with adults and children within day care settings is uniquely raised. Implications are discussed for improvement of day care, attachment theory and educational psychologists.
$D^{3}K$: Dynastic Data-Free Knowledge Distillation

Data-free knowledge distillation further broadens the applications of the distillation model. Nevertheless, the problem of providing diverse data with rich expression patterns needs to be further explored. In this paper, a novel dynastic data-free knowledge distillation ($D^{3}K$) model is proposed to alleviate this problem. In this model, a dynastic supernet generator (D-SG) with a flexible network structure is proposed to generate diverse data. The D-SG can adaptively alter architectural configurations and activate different subnet generators in different sequential iteration spaces. The variable network structure increases the complexity and capacity of the generator, and strengthens its ability to generate diversified data. In addition, a novel additive constraint based on the differentiable dhash (D-Dhash) is designed to guide the structure parameter selection of the D-SG. This constraint forces the D-SG to constantly jump out of the fixed generation mode and generate diverse data in semantics and instance. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified on the experimental benchmark datasets (MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN).
Predictive model of COVID-19 epidemic process based on neural network

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has been going on for almost three years, has shown that public health systems are not ready for such a challenge. Measures taken by governments in the healthcare sector in the context of a sharp increase in the pressure on it include containment of the transmission and spread of the virus, providing sufficient space for medical care, ensuring the availability of testing facilities and medical care, and mobilizing and retraining medical personnel. The pandemic has changed government and business processes, digitalizing the economy and healthcare. Global challenges have stimulated data-driven medicine research. Forecasting the epidemic process of infectious processes would make it possible to assess the scale of the impending pandemic to plan the necessary control measures. The study builds a model of the COVID-19 epidemic process to predict its dynamics based on neural networks. The target of the research is the infectious diseases epidemic process in the example of COVID-19. The research subjects are the methods and models of epidemic process simulation based on neural networks. As a result of this research, a simulation model of COVID-19 epidemic process based on a neural network was built. The model showed high accuracy: from 93.11% to 93.96% for Germany, from 95.53% to 95.54% for Japan, from 97.49% to 98.43% for South Korea, from 93.34% up to 94.18% for Ukraine, depending on the forecasting period. The assessment of absolute errors confirms that the model can be used in healthcare practice to develop control measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The respective contribution of this research is two-fold. Firstly, the development of models based on the neural network approach will allow estimate the accuracy of such methods applied to the simulation of the COVID-19 epidemic process. Secondly, an investigation of the experimental study with a developed model applied to data from four countries will contribute to empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of its application not only to COVID-19 but also to other infectious diseases simulations. Conclusions. The research’s significance lies in the fact that automated decision support systems for epidemiologists and other public health workers can improve the efficiency of making anti-epidemic decisions. This study is especially relevant in the context of the escalation of the Russian war in Ukraine when the healthcare system's resources are limited.
A case report of a myocardial ischaemic attack: a novel hyperenhancement pattern on cardiac magnetic resonance in focal ischaemic injury

Abstract Background Delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (DE-CMR) is the reference standard for the non-invasive assessment of myocardial fibrosis. DE-CMR is able to distinguish ischaemic from non-ischaemic aetiologies based on differences in hyperenhancement distribution patterns. Hyperenhancement caused by ischaemic injury typically involves the endocardium, while hyperenhancement confined to the mid- and epicardial layers of the myocardium suggests a non-ischaemic aetiology. Case summary This is a case of a 20-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history with an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. DE-CMR revealed two distinct patterns of hyperenhancement: (i) a ‘normal’ wavefront-ischaemic pattern, and (ii) multiple atypical mid-wall and epicardial areas of focal hyperenhancement. Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) showed multiple intracoronary thrombi and distal emboli in the left anterior descending, ramus circumflexus, and in smaller branches of the LCA. All hyperenhancement patterns observed on DE-CMR perfectly matched the distribution territories of the affected coronary arteries. Discussion This case with an acute myocardial infarction showed intracoronary thrombi and emboli on ICA and CCTA. Interestingly, DE-CMR showed two different patterns of hyperenhancement in the same territories of the coronary thrombi. This observation may challenge the concept that these non-endocardial areas of hyperenhancement on DE-CMR are always of non-ischaemic aetiology. It is hypothesized that occlusion of smaller distal branches of the coronary arteries may result in mid-wall or epicardial fibrosis as opposed to subendocardial fibrosis commonly found in patients with a large epicardial coronary occlusion. Clinicians should be aware of these atypical patterns to be able to initiate adequate medical therapy.
Dimethyl sulfide cycling in the sea surface microlayer in the southwestern Pacific – Part 1: Enrichment potential determined using a novel sampler

Abstract. Elevated dimethyl sulfide (DMS) concentrations in the sea surface microlayer (SML) have been previously related to DMS air–sea flux anomalies in the southwestern Pacific. To further address this, DMS, its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and ancillary variables were sampled in the SML and also subsurface water at 0.5 m depth (SSW) in different water masses east of New Zealand. Despite high phytoplankton biomass at some stations, the SML chlorophyll a enrichment factor (EF) was low (< 1.06), and DMSP was enriched at one station with DMSP EF ranging from 0.81 to 1.25. DMS in the SML was determined using a novel gas-permeable tube technique which measured consistently higher concentrations than with the traditional glass plate technique; however, significant DMS enrichment was present at only one station, with the EF ranging from 0.40 to 1.22. SML DMSP and DMS were influenced by phytoplankton community composition, with correlations with dinoflagellate and Gymnodinium biomass, respectively. DMSP and DMS concentrations were also correlated between the SML and SSW, with the difference in ratio attributable to greater DMS loss to the atmosphere from the SML. In the absence of significant enrichment, DMS in the SML did not influence DMS emissions, with the calculated air–sea DMS flux of 2.28 to 11.0 µmol m−2 d−1 consistent with climatological estimates for the region. These results confirm previous regional observations that DMS is associated with dinoflagellate abundance but indicate that additional factors are required to support significant enrichment in the SML.
Exit Dose Measurement in Therapeutic High Energy Photon Beams and Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays

Exit Dose Measurement in Therapeutic High Energy Photon Beams and Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays To estimate the skin dose to the patient from the treatment planning, the knowledge about exit dose is essential, which is calculated from the percentage depth dose. In this study 6 MV and 18 MV beams from linear accelerator and cobalt-60 beams were used. The ionometric measurements were carried out with parallel plate chamber of sensitive volume 0.16 cc. Parallel plate chamber was fitted in to 30 x 30 cm2 polystyrene phantom at a fixed FSD with the measuring entrance window facing farther from the source. The field size for this measuring condition was maintained at 10 x 10 cm2. The ionization measurements were also carried out by changing the thickness of the polystyrene phantom at the entrance side of the point of measurement. In order to find out the variation of relative exit dose (RED) with field size the measurements were carried out without and with the full back-scattering material (27.2 gm/cm2) placed beyond the entrance window of the chamber. The measurements were also done for the entrance polystyrene phantom thicknesses of 10, 20 and 30 cm for the field size ranging from 5 x 5 cm2 to 30 x 30 cm2. The dose at the exit surface with no backscatter material is about 4.4%, 3.7% and 5.8% less than the dose with the full backscatter material present beyond the point of measurement for 6 MV, 18 MV X-rays and cobalt-60 gamma rays. The reduction in exit dose does not depend much of the phantom thickness through which the beam traverses before exiting at the chamber side. Dose enhancements of about 1.03 times were observed for a field size of 5 x 5 cm2 for 6 MV, 18 MV X-rays and cobalt-60 gamma rays. The dose enhancement factor (DEF) values were noticed to vary with field size beyond 15 x 15 cm2 for all the energies studied. Also it can be observed that the dose enhancement factor (DEF) values do not depend on the thickness of the phantom material through which the beam has traversed. The DEF values were found to vary marginally for different phantom material thickness for the particular field size. The study indicates that a reduction of 4.4% and 3.7% in relative exit dose when there is no backscatter material present for 6 and 18 MV X-rays for most of the clinically used radiotherapy portals. The measured exit dose was found to be mostly independent of field size and the thickness of the phantom material through which the beam gets transmitted at the entrance side. An addition of backscatter material of thickness equal to two-thirds of the dmax depth of the radiation beam concerned results in full dose at the exit side.
Optical-fiber surface-plasmon-resonance sensor employing long-period fiber gratings in multiplexing

A new type of optical-fiber surface-plasmon-resonance (SPR) sensor based on a thin metallic film and long-period fiber gratings for measuring small changes of refractive index of analyte is presented. This sensor simply employs a long-period fiber grating with a proper period to couple a core mode (HE11) to the copropagating cladding mode that can excite a surface-plasmon wave (SPW). The mainly theoretical base used to analyze this new structure is the unconjugated form of coupled-mode equations. In this new SPR sensor, the variation of the refractive index of analyte is determined by monitoring the change of the transmitted core mode power, which is calculated by unconjugated two-mode coupled-mode equations at a fixed wavelength. The numerical results have demonstrated that this new and simple configuration may be used as a highly sensitive amplitude sensor. As far as the excitation of SPW, the model of numerical simulation, and the complexity of measurement equipment are concerned, this new structure is superior to the proposed sensor, consisting of a bent polished single-mode SPR optical fiber. Furthermore, the structure can be easily adapted for a SPR fiber optical probe if a mirror is deposited on the fiber tip.
‘Leadership challenges for clinical psychologists’ – challenge or opportunity?

This article was prompted by ‘Leadership challenges for clinical psychologists’ (Hughes et al., 2011) and our new leadership development framework. It argues that clinical psychology could be making an even stronger claim for expertise in a form of leadership development, both for ourselves and those around us, that is desperately needed in health and social care at the present time.
The effects of rearing conditions on grooming and play behaviour in captive chimpanzees

The effects of maternal and peer separation during infancy and juvenescence on adolescent and adult chimpanzee behaviour were studied. The aim was to provide an insight into the social development of the species and to investigate human influence on this process. Forty-three adolescent and adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), from a variety of backgrounds, were studied at five zoos in the UK. Details of play and grooming interactions were recorded. Competence at initiating, maintaining and contributing to play and grooming interactions was assessed. It was predicted that, regardless of their present environment, captive chimpanzees that were reared without their mother would be less competent and complex in these social abilities than mother-reared chimpanzees. Results indicated that the chimpanzees' social skills showed few detrimental effects of maternal separation. Nevertheless, individuals that had been human-reared demonstrated more unsuccessful initiations of social interactions and fewer polyadic grooming interactions than their mother-reared peers. Therefore, rearing background may have only a limited effect on adult chimpanzees' social competence. Adult chimpanzees that were hand-reared or nursery-reared may be exhibiting a recovery of their social skills, or they may be unaffected by their rearing background; alternatively, the effects of rearing may have been masked by more significant factors, such as current management.
A Coupled Land Surface–Boundary Layer Model and Its Adjoint

Abstract In this paper, a simple coupled land surface–boundary layer model and its adjoint are presented. The primary goal is to demonstrate the capabilities of the adjoint model as a general tool for sensitivity analysis and data assimilation. The adjoint method was chosen primarily for two reasons: 1) the adjoint model can be used not only to obtain parameter sensitivities with greater efficiency but, more important, to provide added insight into the sensitivities as compared with that obtained with traditional simulation techniques (e.g., pathways, time variations in sensitivity) and 2) the adjoint model can be used in a variational data assimilation framework to combine measurements and the model of the physical system optimally in order to estimate state variables and fluxes. Two simple examples are presented to illustrate how the framework can be used for performing both diagnostic sensitivity experiments and hydrologic data assimilation. In the sensitivity experiment, temporal patterns and total in.
Discrete Sliding-Mode-Based MRAS for Speed-Sensorless Induction Motor Drives in the High-Speed Range

By combining the high robustness of sliding-mode observer (SMO) with the adaptability of model reference adaptive system (MRAS), the sliding-mode-based MRAS can improve the speed estimation performance of speed-sensorless induction motor (IM) drives. However, the analysis of this article shows that there exists a mismatch problem between the fixed-value of SMO gains and the variable stability boundary, which changes with IM operation speed, resulting in speed estimation performance degradation or even instability in high-speed range. To cope with this problem, a discrete SMO is proposed to expand the effective operation range of sliding-mode-based MRAS. First, a discrete terminal SMO with modified observer structure is designed for rotor flux estimation. Then, a variable gain is designed to ensure the SMO stability in high-speed range, and avoid the chattering caused by gain value overestimation. Compared with existing sliding-mode-based MRAS, the studied method can improve the stability and accuracy of speed estimation in high-speed range. Finally, the experimental results from a 3.7 kW IM test bench can confirm the validness of studied speed estimation scheme.
Three-dimensional convection driven by centrifugal buoyancy

Convection driven by centrifugal buoyancy in a cylindrical fluid annulus cooled from the inside, heated from the outside, and rotating about its axis is described. While at high values of the dimensionless rotation parameter τ convection rolls aligned with the axis are preferred, three-dimensional patterns of convection are introduced at low values of τ through either the cross-roll instability or a subharmonic varicose instability. The instabilities are studied in terms of simple analytical relationships as well as through numerical methods based on the Galerkin scheme. Analytical expressions for the steady three-dimensional patterns induced by the instabilities are also derived.
Numerical simulations of large‐scale solar wind fluctuations observed by Ulysses at high heliographic latitudes

An analysis of Ulysses plasma and magnetic field data from the high southern latitude pass revealed that at large spatial scales corresponding to wave frequencies below 10−5 Hz in the spacecraft frame, there is a transition from highly Alfvenic turbulence in all three spatial components of the fields to fluctuations which are Alfvenic only in field components transverse to the radial direction with uncorrelated radial magnetic and velocity fields. We find that the general properties of the turbulence can be simulated using a spectral method solution of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations only when certain types of initial conditions are employed. These simulations place constraints on conditions in the solar atmosphere that can generate the observed fluctuations.
Effect of β-Mannanase and Soybean Hulls on the Nutrient Digestibility, Digesta Viscosity, Feces Consistency and Intestinal Histomorphology During Early Peak Production Period in Laying Hens

1Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan 2Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. 3Directorate General (Research) Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar. Article Information Received 17 November 2022 Revised 20 November 2022 Accepted 04 December 2022 Available online 12 January 2023 (early access)
p-type conduction in N–Al co-doped ZnO thin films

p-type ZnO thin films have been realized by the N–Al co-doping method. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy demonstrated that the N incorporation was enhanced evidently by the presence of Al in ZnO. The lowest room-temperature resistivity was found to be 57. 3Ωcm with a Hall mobility of 0.43cm2∕Vs and carrier concentration of 2.25×1017cm−3 for the N–Al co-doped p-type ZnO film deposited on glass substrate. The results were much better than those for the N-doped p-type ZnO. Moreover, the co-doped film possesses a good crystallinity with c-axis orientation and a high transmittance (90%) in the visible region.
Temperature Dependence of Scintillation Properties of Bright Oxide Scintillators for Well-Logging

Scintillation characteristics such as the pulse height, energy resolution, and decay time of single crystals of Tl-doped NaI (Tl:NaI), Ce-doped Lu2SiO5 (Ce:LSO), Ce-doped YAlO3 (Ce:YAP), Ce-doped Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 (Ce:GAGG), Pr-doped Lu3Al5O12 (Pr:LuAG), undoped LuAG, and Ce-doped Y3Al5O12 (Ce:YAG) transparent ceramics were compared at 25–150 °C to simulate well logging conditions. For increasing temperature, the light output of the scintillators decreased, mostly because of thermal quenching. Among these samples, Pr:LuAG demonstrated the highest scintillation performance at 150 °C.
A simple polarisation fading model for HF propagation in the ionosphere

A method of ray tracing to investigate the effects of Faraday rotation in the ionosphere is presented in the current paper. By applying analytical ray tracing, a polarisation fading model is developed for the HF signal propagating in a simple ionosphere. The scale of the ionospheric inhomogeneities being considered is large compared to the wavelength of the signal so that GO approximation remains applicable. Details on development of the model, results of the calculation and the effects of Faraday rotation on the signal are presented in subsequent sections. A comparison between the results ascertained from the simple model and a full 3D ray tracing package is included to verify the validity of the model.