Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of nitrogen and sulphur on yield and yield attributes of mustard under the loamy sand soil of North Gujarat.

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm of C.P.College of Agriculture, Sardar Dantiwada Agricultural University (SDAU), Sardar Krushinagar in a Randomized Block Design (factorial) to study the response of mustard to nitrogen and sulphur application under loamy sand soil of north Gujarat. Three levels each of N (50, 75 and 100 kg N ha) and four levels of S (control, 15, 30 and 45 kg S ha) were tried. Total twelve treatment combinations were replicated four times. The results revealed that the application of nitrogen at the rate of 100 kg N ha significantly increased test weight, number of branches, seed yield, and stover yield over other rate of application. Further, the application of sulphur at the of 45 kg ha significantly increased number of branches, test weight and seed yield over 15 and 30 kg S ha. While in interaction effect, the treatment combination N 3 S 4 (100 kg N ha and 45 kg S ha) also affected significantly the number of branches, seed yield, stover yield. The treatment combination gave maximum values to test weight but they were not significantly different from other combination.
Evaluation of the relation between emotional concepts and emotional parameters in speech

A relation model which relates the physical changes present in emotion-containing speech to the emotional con tent perceived in the speech is proposed. By using statistical bases extracted from the physical parameters of the speech and from the associated emotion words rather than the parameters and words themselves, the model makes it pos sible to relate physical changes and emotional content independently of the choice of variables for consideration. Also in this model, emotions which are shared among listeners, or emotion stereotypes, are used as the standard of judgment instead of the emotion intended by the speaker, and accordingly the emotions can be assumed to be observ able and reproducible. In this study, first, the physical parameters of several speech samples are calculated and the emotional content of the same speech samples is obtained in a psychological experiment, and these data sets are processed by statistical methods to obtain orthogonal bases. Next, these bases are related linearly by multiple regression analysis. As a result, relation information which allows conversion between the physical parameters and emotional content of the speech to be performed is obtained. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(3): 5664, 2001
Pedestrian analysis for crowd monitoring: the Milan case study (Italy)

Advanced technologies for monitoring and predicting pedestrian behaviors in public areas have gradually spread to ensure safe and efficient mobility in modern societies. Recently, the Covid-19 pandemic has further highlighted the potential of crowd analysis and monitoring tools, especially in gathering places where a minimum spacing has to be guaranteed, such as in transportation terminals.In this paper, starting from data acquired by a video recording system located outside the Milano Centrale railway station (Italy), several analyses have been conducted in order to investigate macroscopic parameters of pedestrian dynamics (i.e. densities, speeds and main walking directions), as well as testing strengths and weaknesses of Computer Vision algorithms for pedestrian detection. Results demonstrated that the precision of the system is reliable, as most of the people were “partially’’ tracked and the analysis of the macroscopic parameters are useful to identify effective intervention strategies in emergency and crowded situations. The analyses also deliver first insights for the development of a decision support system aimed at managing and supervising pedestrian dynamics.
Comparison of Two Reward Functions for a Multi-Stack Hybrid Trike Motor

In a multi-stack fuel cell (FC) hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), the power sources (battery and FC) have different energetic characteristics. Hence, efficient power distribution for such a multi-source system is a critical issue. Reinforcement learning (RL) has been recently introduced as a potential tool for energy management strategy (EMS) design in FC-HEVs. However, the desirable performance of RL is concerned with the definition of a suitable performance criterion, known as reward function, based on which the agents out to take actions in an environment. Hence, the definition of a suitable reward function is of great importance. Maximizing the performance and lifespan of the energy sources whilst minimizing the fuel consumption are typical examples of the operational criteria in a FC-HEV. These conflicting criteria normally try to quantify the trade-offs in satisfying different objectives or to find a single solution that satisfies the subjective preferences. This study aims at comparing the performance of an RL-based EMS in a multi-stack FC-HEV, composed of two FCs and a battery pack, using two different reward functions. The utilized reward functions are based on hydrogen and degradation minimization, and efficiency enhancement. The obtained results under a standard driving cycle show that applying the reward function for efficiency enhancement leads to fairly similar results as the multi-objective one.
Analyzing Repeatability During Air Discharge ESD Tests

Analyzing variabilities that occur during Air Discharge ESD tests is a tough ordeal. Variables such as environmental conditions, test setup, different ESD guns, ESD gun approach speeds and angles can all cause discrepancies in test results. This paper recommends a verification method to record and analyze variability involving the air discharge method prior to test. The use of a robot arm is explored as well.
Topological derivative method for control of wave equation on networks

The dynamical, boundary optimal control problems on networks are considered. The domain of definition for the distributed parameter system is given by a graph G. The optimal cost function for control problem is further optimized with respect to the shape and topology of the graph Ω. The small cycle is introduced and the topological derivative of the cost with respect to the size of the cycle is determined. In this way, the singular perturbations of the graph can be analyzed in order to change the topology Ω. The topological derivative method in shape and topology optimization is a new tool which can be used to minimize the shape functionals under the Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) constraints. The topological derivative is used as well for solution of optimum design problems for graphs. In optimal control problems the topological derivative is used for optimum design of the domain of integration of the state equation. As an example, optimal control problems are considered on a cross with a small cycle. The state equation is the wave equation on the graph. The boundary control problem by Neumann conditions at a boundary vertex is solved for a tracking cost function. The shape functional is given by the optimal value of the control cost. The topological derivative of the shape functional is determined for the steady state model with the size of a cycle ε → 0. Numerical results for a model problem are presented.
In-Situ State of Health Analysis and Simulation of Electric Vehicle Battery Packs Using Conventional Charging Infrastructure

The authors propose and compare two in-situ methods for the state of health estimation of an electric vehicle battery pack, without the requirement of dismantling the battery from the vehicle. Using the conventional charging infrastructure, the authors achieved a reproducible and comparable testing environment that allows cost efficient state of health observation over the vehicles life time. Pulse and constant current testing methods have been used to identify the internal resistance, available capacity and open circuit voltage of the battery. The obtained data were implemented into a RINT battery simulation model for verification purposes. The simulation was performed to verify the data sets obtained using the two different methods against data from real world drives, as well as to compare the two against each other. Comparison of the simulation model results against 30 unique real world drives has shown, that the state of health defining parameters "internal resistance" and "available capacity" have been properly estimated using the two methods and that usability could be verified. In comparison against each other, the pulse charge testing has shown to provide better results than the constant current testing, while also requiring less time to perform the test. A detailed explanation of the used methods is given in the full paper.
Oxidation Layer Formation on Aluminum Substrates with Surface Defects using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Aluminum oxide layer affects the integrity of electrical contact and can contribute adversely to passive intermodulation (PIM) behavior in radio frequency (RF) devices, necessitating a need for understanding its formation mechanism and realistic estimation of its thickness. Using ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation technique, this study investigated the impact of surface defects on aluminum oxide layer formation. Results reveal that crystallographic orientation did not affect the kinetics of oxidation process of aluminum. However, the reaction kinetics increased significantly with surface inhomogeneities such as cracks, scratches, and grain boundaries. A non-uniform oxide layer with thickness variation in the range of 72-77% was observed due to surface imperfections. Concurrent crack healing and oxidation was observed, where the crack tips acted as sites for oxygen diffusion, thus increasing oxidation kinetics. The observations from this simulation agree with experimental reports and have important implications for optimizing the contact integrity in RF devices and for PIM control.
A biochemical approach to utilizing fish processing wastes as potential nutraceuticals

Latest developments in research regarding fish waste suggest that the by-products often discarded have the potential to be recycled in the form of fish protein hydrolysates that can potentially exhibit a wide range of bioactive properties. In this study, the bioactivity and nutritional profile of protein hydrolysates obtained from blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) by-products were evaluated. Enzymatic hydrolysis of fish protein can generate bioactive peptides that have high nutritional value and functionality. The fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) in this study exhibited nutritional as well as bioactive potential. Their bioactivity in terms of in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic potential was examined over a range of concentrations in various solvents. The results of this study suggest that protein hydrolysates obtained from fish waste may be good sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides and thus support their application as nutraceuticals and functional food.
Impact cratering in H2O‐bearing targets on Mars: Thermal field under craters as starting conditions for hydrothermal activity

Abstract– We present a case modeling study of impact crater formation in H2O‐bearing targets. The main goal of this work was to investigate the postimpact thermal state of the rock layers modified in the formation of hypervelocity impact craters. We present model results for a target consisting of a mixture of H2O‐ice and rock, assuming an ice/water content variable with depth. Our model results, combined with results from previous work using dry targets, indicate that for craters larger than about 30 km in diameter, the onset of postimpact hydrothermal circulation is characterized by two stages: first, the formation of a mostly dry, hot central uplift followed by water beginning to flow in and circulate through the initially dry and hot uplifted crustal rocks. The postimpact thermal field in the periphery of the crater is dependent on crater size: in midsize craters, 30–50 km in diameter, crater walls are not strongly heated in the impact event, and even though ice present in the rock may initially be heated enough to melt, overall temperatures in the rock remain below melting, undermining the development of a crater‐wide hydrothermal circulation. In large craters (with diameters more than 100 km or so), the region underneath the crater floor and walls is heated well above the melting point of ice, thus facilitating the onset of an extended hydrothermal circulation. These results provide preliminary constraints in characterizing the many water‐related features, both morphologic and spectroscopic, that high‐resolution images of Mars are now detecting within many Martian craters.
Expected Returns to Stock Investments by Angel Investors in Groups

Previous research calculates realised internal rates of return on angel investments but does not estimate expected returns. We present the first estimates of expected returns on angel investments by applying a consistent statistical framework to a new data set. Our sample spans 1972 to 2007 with 419 exited investments. Our results suggest that expected returns on stock for angel investors in groups are about 70% per year in excess of the riskfree rate. These expected returns have a large variance and are heavily skewed, with many losses and occasional extraordinarily high returns.
ESTRUCTURA SILVÍCOLA DE POBLACIONES DE Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco EN TLAXCALA Y PUEBLA

Las poblaciones de Pseudotsuga menziesii del centro de México son pequeñas, fragmentadas y están afectadas por diversos factores de disturbio: naturales y de origen humano. El escaso conocimiento sobre su estructura silvícola limita el diseño de programas de manejo, a pesar del estatus de protección especial de la especie. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron caracterizar, comparar y analizar la estructura silvícola de siete poblaciones de Pseudotsuga localizadas en los estados de Tlaxcala y Puebla. La información se obtuvo mediante un muestreo sistemático, con parcelas circulares anidadas de 0.1, 0.05 y 0.005 ha, en las que se registró el diámetro normal de los árboles vivos, muertos y tocones de todos los individuos arbóreos existentes. Los resultados del área basal y valor de importancia indican que en las localidades dominan Pseudotsuga menziesii-Quercus sp. , y en menor proporción se identificaron coníferas como Abies religiosa. Las distribuciones diamétricas de Pseudotsuga son irregulares y desbalanceadas, con notable carencia de diámetros pequeños (< 10 cm) y superiores a 85 cm. Los tres sitios de Tlaxcala mostraron mayores densidades de árboles muertos en pie y tocones que los de Puebla. La similitud entre rodales, evaluada con el Índice de Morisita modificado, reflejó una influencia de la cercanía geográfica de los rodales, pero también sugiere la incidencia importante de factores de disturbio en el desarrollo de las distribuciones diamétricas observadas en las poblaciones.
Bearing-only Prescribed-time Formation Control of UAV Swarm with External Disturbance

In order to attain precise formation control of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm in challenging environments, the external disturbances should be accommodated. In this paper, a novel bearing-only prescribed-time formation control scheme is proposed to address this issue. The scheme includes a super-twisting sliding-mode disturbance observer to handle the external disturbances and a distributed bearing-only control protocol to achieve the desired formation smoothly within a prescribed time based on the estimations and bearing measurements. Theoretical analysis confirms the finite-time convergence of the disturbance estimation and the formation achievement. Comparative simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Using the Wavelet Packet Transform to Evaluate Weights of Clustered Harmonics Using Lookup Tables

The paper deals with an original technique used to evaluate the weights of sets of harmonic orders (H1 and H2) clustered in an almost exclusive manner to pairs of terminal nodes from a Wavelet Packet Tree (WPT). The total harmonic contribution (SHIH2) of such harmonics can be retrieved from the analyzed signal by using original computational techniques. The total root mean square of SHIH2 can be used to deduce, by using a lookup table, a larger set of possible solutions in terms of harmonic weights for H1 and H2. This set can be afterward reduced by imposing conditions related to the energies of the associated terminal nodes, making use of another table. The final selection of the approximated solution relies on harmonic phase-shifts estimations provided by solutions of linear systems. The technique requires a highly acceptable small runtime while considering less complicated operations and is a good alternative for analysis of periods with non-symmetric half-periods.
The aquatic moth Acentria ephemerella as a key species in submerged aquatic vegetation : direct and trait-mediated interactions with predators and food plants

The perfoliate pondweed Potamogeton perfoliatus constitutes large mono-specific macrophyte patches in many Central European lakes. Correlative evidence from the field suggests that Potamogeton is under an increasing grazing pressure during its short vegetation period from May to September due to seasonal outbreaks of the aquatic moth Acentria ephemerella. We used a mesocosm experiment to determine the influence of Acentria herbivory on Potamogeton shoot development and resting bud production and to study the defence strategies of this macrophyte. Herbivory resulted in a reduction of the Potamogeton vegetation period by more than two months, thereby reducing the average resting bud size and the overall resting bud biomass seven-fold. This suggests that, besides its severe immediate effects, herbivory will affect Potamogeton growth and dynamics also during the subsequent season. As a response to herbivory Potamogeton retranslocated nutrients (phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)) from leaves towards resting buds and changed its allocation strategy in the size versus number of resting buds. This change in the number versus size trade-off might allow the plant to produce a minimum resting bud size necessary for successful sprouting in the next spring. Acentria larvae had a high P content implying P limitation of larval growth especially within the herbivory
Measuring Access Inequality in A Hybrid Physical-Virtual World: : A Case Study of Racial Disparity of Healthcare Access During CoVID-19

The disparity of resource access (e.g., food and healthcare) among different population groups essentially reflects social inequalities. Emerging information and communications technology (ICT) has facilitated the teleactivities that can replace or complement traditional physical visits, yet existing approaches for measuring access disparity still fail to consider virtual interactions. To this end, this study proposes a unified framework to measure access inequality in both physical and virtual spaces simultaneously, using the POIs’ visit patterns from mobile phone data to capture spatial unevenness of accessibility among different groups (physical space), as well as the Household Pulse Survey data to reveal the group disparity of teleactivity access (virtual space). In particular, a novel Access Inequity Index is proposed based on the Information Theory Index and the Theil Index, to reveal the access inequality in physical and virtual spaces respectively. Next, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework, we examine racial groups and their disparity in physical-virtual healthcare access during the pandemic (April-July 2021) in U.S. 15 most populated metropolitans. Our results indicate: (1) race is a significant risk marker for underlying conditions that affect health, including telehealth access; (2) the usage of telehealth access aligns with the risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death by race (e.g., the minority groups Black and Others are more vulnerable and in the higher demand of telehealth service); and (3) residential segregation impacts on the segregated pattern of physical healthcare access by race (e.g., the Black-dominant healthcare access zone highly matches the Black residential cluster in the south of Chicago), while such impacts may differ in different kinds of healthcare services (e.g., physicians, mental health practitioners, and dentists). Compared with traditional single-space approaches, the proposed hybrid-spaces approach not only provides more comprehensive and in-depth insights to understand the racial disparity in healthcare access, but also brings new opportunities to a broad scope of studies in social inequality measurement in future.
Happy thoughts: Enhancing well-being in the classroom with a positive events diary

Abstract Positive psychology interventions (PPIs) are effective in increasing well-being across the population. Whilst educators are recognising the importance of well-being in the classroom and of its long-term impact on life trajectory, the transformative potential of PPIs in educational settings is yet to be fully realised. This study investigates, for the first time, the effects of a PPI in school children by means of a daily dairy. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure well-being in school children aged 8–11 years. Across two studies, children kept a positive events diary, recording three experiences every day for a week. The intervention led to an increase in happiness and a decrease in depressive symptoms immediately following the intervention and at a three-month follow-up. Children who had unhappier baseline scores benefitted more from the intervention. This study demonstrates significant scope, in school settings, for targeted light-touch interventions to promote well-being in those with the greatest need.
Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation

Citation for published version (APA): Callaghan, T. V. , Björn, L. O. , Chernov, Y. , Chapin, T. , Christensen, T. , Huntley, B. , Ims, R. A. , Johansson, M. , Jolly, D. , Jonasson, S. , Matveyeva, N. , Panikov, N. , Oechel, W. , & Shaver, G. (2004). Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation. Ambio: a Journal of Human Environment, 33(7), 398-403. https://doi.org/10.1639/0044-7447%282004%29033%5B0398%3APCIATE%5D2.0. CO%3B2
Responses to projected changes in climate and UV-B at the species level

Environmental manipulation experiments showed that species respond individualistically to each environmen-tal-change variable. The greatest responses of plants were generally to nutrient, particularly nitrogen, addition. Summer warming experiments showed that woody plant responses were dominant and that mosses and lichens became less abundant. Responses to warming were controlled by moisture availability and snow cover. Many invertebrates increased population growth in response to summer warming, as long as desiccation was not induced. CO 2 and UV-B enrichment experiments showed that plant and animal responses were small. However, some microorganisms and species of fungi were sensitive to increased UV-B and some intensive mutagenic actions could, perhaps, lead to unexpected epidemic outbreaks. Tundra soil heating, CO 2 enrichment and amendment with mineral nutrients generally accelerated microbial activity. Algae are likely to dominate cyanobacteria in milder climates. Expected increases in winter freeze-thaw cycles leading to ice-crust formation are likely to severely reduce winter survival rate and disrupt the population dynamics of many terrestrial animals. A deeper snow cover is likely to restrict access to winter pastures by reindeer/caribou and their ability to ﬂee from predators while any earlier onset of the snow-free period is likely to stimulate increased plant growth. Initial species responses to climate change might occur at the sub-species level: an Arctic plant or animal species with high genetic/racial diversity has