Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity Studies for Yield and Yield Component Traits using Principal Component Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The present investigation was carried out to assess the diversity among 107 rice genotypes with regards to yield and yield component traits. Principal component analysis was utilized to evaluate the variation and to estimate the relative contribution of various traits for total variability. Results revealed three principal components with eigen value > 1. These components contributed for a total variability of 69.412 per cent. Component 1 (PC 1) had contributed maximum of 33.594 per cent while PC 2 had contributed to 22.566 per cent and PC 3 had contributed to 13.251 per cent towards the total variability. The characters, namely, panicle length, days to 50 per cent flowering, ear bearing tillers per plant, plant height and test weight were observed to explain maximum variance in PC 1. The results of 2D scatter diagram revealed RTCNP 9 and MTU 1006 genotypes to be most diverse. Hybridization of these diverse genotypes is therefore predicted to result in desirable transgressive segregants.
APG Method for Energy-Efficient Power Control in Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Zero-Forcing

In this work, we consider a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink with zero-forcing processing. We propose to design a power allocation algorithm that maximizes the system energy efficiency (EE) taking into account imperfect channel state information, backhaul and hardware power consumption. The total EE problem is non-convex and is normally solved by successive approximation technique in the related literature. Such methods approximate a nonconvex problem by a sequence of standard convex programs, and thus require prohibitively long run time, especially when the system has thousands of access points (APs), and hundreds of users. To derive a computationally efficient algorithm, in this paper, we apply an accelerated proximal gradient (APG) method to solve the considered problem. Numerical results show that with a cell-free massive MIMO system using hundreds of APs and tens of users, compared to the conventional second order cone programs (SOCPs) successive approximation technique, our proposed method achieves the same performance with around 100 times faster.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF NEMATODE ASSEMBLAGES AND DIVERSITY ON SELECTED SOIL GROUPS IN KENYA: VERTISOLS, CAMBISOLS AND ARENOSOLS

Background. Soil health assessment has been based on narrow disciplinary approaches that overlook the multiple and interacting biological processes that are the basis of sustainable crop productivity. Objective. Determine the influence of seasonal variations in nematode assemblages in different soil groups, sites and disturbance levels as an indicator of soil health. Methodology. Sampling was done in areas characterized by small scale subsistence agriculture in Kenyan Northern sites and Southern sites over three distinct seasons. The sampling points included disturbed (tilled) and the adjoining undisturbed (untilled) soils within three soil groups, namely Vertisols, Cambisols and Arenosols. Nematodes were extracted using the centrifugal-floatation technique, enumerated and assigned to their respective trophic groups. Results. Total nematode abundance in the three seasons varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with a mean of 68, 93 and 52 nematodes in 200 cm3 of soil in seasons I, II and III, respectively. Nematodes abundance in the undisturbed soils was significantly higher (98) compared to the disturbed soils (62) nematodes per 200 cm3). Mean abundance of nematodes was highest in Cambisols. In addition, nematode abundances, in all trophic levels across the three seasons, were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in the northern compared to the southern sites. Bacterivores (28%) had the highest percentage frequency of detection followed by herbivores (27%) and fungivores (21%) while omnivores (11%) had the least. Implications. Nematode communities do respond variably to different soil groups and seasonal changes. Conclusion. Nematodes can therefore be utilized as viable bio-indicators of soil health and quality.
Eosinophilic asthma phenotypes in the UK population

Introduction: Asthma is clinically heterogeneous. Recognition of eosinophilic phenotypes within a real-world asthma population is important for moving towards more personalised management. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of eosinophilic asthma based on the presence of clinical features of the eosinophilic phenotype. Methods: Asthma patients aged ≥13 years with ≥1 blood eosinophil count (BEC) recorded in the Optimum Patient Care Research Database were classified using a pre-defined algorithm developed by an expert panel defining 4 grades of likelihood of eosinophilic asthma based on the highest BEC ever, presence of late onset asthma, nasal polyps ever, or treatment with anti–IL-5 or maintenance oral corticosteroids (OCS) (Figure). FeNO was omitted given its limited availability. Age-standardised characteristics in the last year were described. Results: Of 152,943 patients (mean age 54 years; 37% men), 53% were classified as “most likely”; 22% as “likely”; 21% as “less likely”, and 5% as “unlikely” eosinophilic. Of these 4 groups, the “most likely” group had the highest proportions with comorbidities, exacerbations, and “difficult-to-treat asthma” (31%; GINA 2019 Step 4/5). Results were similar within the subgroup with “difficult-to-treat asthma”. Conclusions: Based on the proposed algorithm, most asthma patients had a high likelihood of eosinophilic asthma, which was associated with more severe asthma than a lower likelihood.
The Effects of Perceived Risk, Brand Credibility and Past Experience on Purchase Intention in the Airbnb Context

This study investigated the main effects of perceived risks, brand credibility and past experience on intention to stay at Airbnb places and the interaction effects of past experience with perceived risks and brand credibility on intention to stay. A survey research method was utilized in South Korea. Our study is the first study to have applied and supported Jacoby and Kaplan’s six constructs in explaining consumers’ risk perceptions in the Airbnb context. One of the primary findings of this study was that past experience played a significant moderating role in the Airbnb context. Social risk and psychological risk had negative effects and performance risk had a positive effect on Airbnb users’ intention to stay. With regard to non-users, psychological risk had a negative effect on intention to stay. These findings indicate that Airbnb users consider more specific risks based on their prior experiences of Airbnb use. This study also revealed that brand credibility had the strongest influence on both Airbnb users’ and non-users’ intention to stay. Consistent with previous research, this finding indicates that brand credibility is a critical variable in consumer decision-making for the intangible and heterogeneous products like accommodation. Based on these findings, theoretical and managerial implications were provided, and limitations and future research were discussed.
On-Site VIS-NIR Spectral Reflectance and Colour Measurements—A Fast and Inexpensive Alternative for Delineating Sediment Layers Quantitatively? A Case Study from a Monumental Bronze Age Burial Mound (Seddin, Germany)

Quantitative sediment analyses performed in the laboratory are often used throughout archaeological excavations to critically reflect on-site stratigraphic delineation. Established methods are, however, often time-consuming and expensive. Recent studies suggest that systematic image analysis can objectivise the delineation of stratigraphic layers based on fast quantitative spectral measurements. The presented study examines how these assumptions prevail when compared to modern techniques of sediment analysis. We examine an archaeological cross-section at a Bronze Age burial mound near Seddin (administrative district Prignitz, Brandenburg, Germany), consisting of several layers of construction-related material. Using detailed on-site descriptions supported by quantitatively measured sediment properties as a measure of quality, we compare clustering results of (i) extensive colour measurements conducted with an RGB and a multispectral camera during fieldwork, as well as (ii) selectively sampled sedimentological data and (iii) visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) hyperspectral data, both acquired in the laboratory. Furthermore, the influence of colour transformation to the CIELAB colour space (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) and the possibilities of predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) based on image data are examined. Our results indicate that quantitative spectral measurements, while still experimental, can be used to delineate stratigraphic layers in a similar manner to traditional sedimentological data. The proposed processing steps further improved our results. Quantitative colour measurements should therefore be included in the current workflow of archaeological excavations.
Does Cloud-Based Accounting Information System Harmonize the Small Business Needs?

Cloud technology is now becoming a valuable resource, as it provides cost-saving business technology. Businesses exist to earn a profit by keeping their capital and expenses low. In an attempt to address the issue, this study employs structural equation model to complement literature on users' technology acceptance behavior. The framework of the study was based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) to better understand the adoption of cloud computing by small businesses owners. This study looks at the perception and attitudes of small businesses (SMEs) towards cloud technology based accounting information systems, therefore, their intention to adopt the technology. Result support the view that perceived usefulness, ease of use and credibility positively influenced SMEs' attitudes towards cloud-based accounting information systems and therefore their intention to adopt the technology. The result enhances literature in the field of cloud-based accounting systems for small businesses.
ASSESSMENT OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS BY USING DASS 21 SCALES

Objectives: To determine the level of depression, anxiety and stress with respect to age and gender among COVID-19 patients admitted at Rawalpindi Institute of Urology & Transplantation Pakistan by using DASS 21 scale. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research was done among conscious COVID-19 patients admitted at Rawalpindi Institute of Urology & Transplantation (RIUT anxiety and stress among COVID-19 patients were determined by applying two sample z-tests. Results were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Mean age of COVID-19 patients interviewed in our research was 41.6 ± 10.97 years. About 45 (73.8%) were males while 16 (26.2%) were females. Out of total 61 study subjects, 72.1% had normal score of depression. Anxiety and stress were reported to have normal score among 75.4% of the patients. Females in our study were determined to have significantly higher level of depression, anxiety and stress (P<0.00) in comparison with those of males. Conclusion: Females are in need of adequate counseling pertinent to COVID-19 for mitigation of its psychological impact.
Delay-time Distributions of Solar Energetic Particles. II. Effects of Magnetic Focusing

We extend a recently published analytic model for the intensity–time profile of solar energetic particle (SEP) events, in which the dominant physical mechanism is turbulent pitch-angle scattering of a collimated distribution of particles accelerated at the Sun. The present model includes the effect of magnetic focusing in the expanding magnetic field geometry of the inner heliosphere. For a power-law variation of the magnetic field strength with distance (B ∼ s−α) that lacks a characteristic focusing length scale, the fundamental shape of the intensity–time profile (i.e., a Lévy distribution at times up to and just past the time of peak intensity, followed by an exponential decay) is preserved. The effect of magnetic focusing is essentially to produce a rescaling of the stochastic process describing the angular diffusion of the particles, making the typical time that characterizes the SEP time profile quantitatively lower by a factor of (α + 1), 3 for the radial field geometry B ∼ s−2.
Integrated perspective of the present–day stress and strain regime in Colombia from analysis of earthquake focal mechanisms and geodetic data

Focal mechanism analysis is a powerful tool for analyzing the geodynamic context of broad and complex regions, such as northwestern South America. In this zone, a complex tectonic convergence occurs among the Caribbean, Nazca, and South American Plates. The orientations of the maximum horizontal shortening and the values of the brittle strain/stress regime (k’ ratio) are obtained based on the analysis of 617 centroid–moment tensors reported from 1976 to 2017 in the Global Centroid–Moment–Tensor Project. These results are complemented with an analysis of GPS velocities, which can be used to determine the surficial deformation and to compare it with the crustal deformation to define the stress field in Colombia, and to formulate a seismotectonic model. This model is characterized by the slow southeastwards displacement of the Caribbean Plate, the convergence of the Andean, Coiba, and Panama Blocks in northwestern Colombia, and the westwards convergence of the Nazca Plate below the South American overriding Plate. The strain/stress regime maps also show different tectonic environments and large–scale geological heterogeneities.
Understanding the Correlates of Donor Intention: A Comparison of Local, National, and International Charity Destinations

The United Kingdom is generous toward charitable donations, and this commitment appears robust against a background of economic uncertainty. While prior work has identified a clear preference for domestic over international causes, research has yet to identify the range of variables that significantly correlate with this important element of charitable choice. A survey of 1,004 U.K. residents was designed to assess willingness to donate to local, national, and international causes. For each destination, stepwise multiple regression analysis identified the key variables that correlate to an individual’s willingness to donate. Findings suggest that donor willingness correlates with levels of trust, preferred types of charitable cause, and donation channels. In contrast, the role of donor demographics is relatively limited. The findings suggest some commonality in the variables that associate most significantly with willingness to donate locally and nationally, but those relating to international donation intention are relatively distinct.
Economics of Yam Production in Gboyin Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria

The study of economics of yam production was carried out in Gboyin Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of yam farmers, determine and analyse the profitability of yam production, determine the input and output relationship of yam production and identify constraints to yam production. Three- stage sampling procedure was used to obtain information from respondents. A total number of 140 respondents selected randomly from four towns (Ode- Ekiti, Agbado, Aisegba and Ilumoba) were used for the study. Data were collected with interview schedule administered to obtain information from the farmers. Descriptive statistics, budgetary, profitability and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The result of the study showed that both males and females are involved in yam production in the study area with mean age of 45 years and mean household size of 5 members. The mean faming experience and farm size was 10 years and 1.83 hectares respectively. Majority (83.57%) had formal education (primary, secondary and tertiary education) and had no access to loans. The result of budgetary analyses showed that yam production is profitable with an average net farm income of N 91, 876.50 per production season. The profitability indicators revealed that the enterprise is viable and worthwhile. The coefficient of both fertilizer and farm size were significant at (P< 0.001), labour at (P< 0.05) while the coefficient of seed was significant at (P< 0.10) probability level. These variables are very vital and crucial in yam production. Inadequate capital and planting materials, high cost and inaccessibility to inputs, and poor produce price etc are the problems of yam production in the study area. It was concluded that yam production is a profitable, viable and worthwhile enterprise which can be embarked upon by both the youths and adults of the study area.
Prediction of delayed mortality using vitality scores and reflexes, as well as catch, processing, and post‐release conditions: evidence from discarded flatfish in the Western Baltic trawl fishery

&NA; The EU discard ban and its high‐survival exemption exposed our lack of scientific evidence on discard survival in the fisheries. Discard survival is known to be highly variable and influenced by numerous factors, including conditions during the catch, on‐board the fishing vessels, and post‐discard. Therefore, obtaining unambiguous results in discard survival experiments is challenging. We conducted the first systematic year‐round discard survival study of flatfish in the Western Baltic Sea on‐board a commercial stern trawler under realistic fishing conditions (13 monthly hauls from May 2015 to May 2016) to test whether delayed mortality can be predicted by vitality scores and reflex action mortality predictor (RAMP) scores in combination with variable conditions during catch, processing, and post‐release. The factors vessel type, gear, haul duration, fishing ground, depth, handling time, and processing procedures were kept constant as much as possible. On‐board, live individual flatfish were tested for vitality and the presence of reflexes for RAMP, then “discarded” and kept in cages on the bottom of the seafloor for about a week after which the delayed mortality was determined. The proportions of “discarded” plaice, flounder, and dab that were dead after being kept in the cages ranged from 5% to 100%, 0% to 96%, and 33% to 100%, respectively. Higher mortalities occurred in summer‐autumn when air and water temperatures were higher, catches smaller, and catches contained smaller proportions of roundfish. Relationships between RAMP scores and mortality probabilities varied substantially across the monthly trials. Indeed, in addition to RAMP or vitality scores and individual reflexes, the factors air and water temperature and catch weight and catch composition were significant in logistic GLMs explaining delayed mortality. Cross‐validations indicated that delayed mortality could be predicted by these models with a reasonable accuracy. Nevertheless, the presence of possible confounding effects calls for caution in inferring causality and extrapolating the conclusions on predictability.
Adaptive Deep Metric Learning for Affective Image Retrieval and Classification

An image is worth a thousand words. Many researchers have conducted extensive studies to understand visual emotions since an increasing number of users express emotions via images and videos online. However, most existing methods based on convolutional neural networks aim to retrieve and classify affective images in a discrete label space while ignoring both the hierarchical and complex nature of emotions. On the one hand, different from concrete and isolated object concepts (e.g., cat and dog), a hierarchical relationship exists among emotions. On the other hand, most widely used deep methods depend on the representation from fully connected layers, which lacks the essential texture information for recognizing emotions. In this work, we address the above problems via adaptive deep metric learning. Specifically, we design an adaptive sentiment similarity loss, which is able to embed affective images considering the emotion polarity and adaptively adjust the margin between different image pairs. To effectively distinguish affective images, we further propose the sentiment vector that captures the texture information extracted from multiple convolutional layers. Finally, we develop a unified multi-task deep framework to simultaneously optimize both retrieval and classification goals. Extensive and thorough evaluations on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc Interaction on Performance of Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

The experiment comprising of four levels of phosphorus, i.e., 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1 and four levels of zinc, i.e., 0, 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1 was conducted to investigate the interaction effect of phosphorus and zinc fertilization on yield and yield attributes of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] cv. SML-668. The treatments were laid out in Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The results revealed that plant height, number of pods plant-1, 1000 seed weight, seed and stover yield were increased significantly up to 60 kg ha-1 phosphorus and 10 kg ha-1 zinc treatment levels. Further increase in zinc levels found to decrease the yield and yield attributing traits, indicating antagonistic effect of phosphorus and zinc on each other. The highest plant height, number of pods plant-1, 1000 seed weight, seed and stover yield (at 60 kg P ha-1 and 10 kg Zn ha-1 treatment level) were 48.70 cm, 27.15, 32.70 g, 957.25 and 2398.30 kg ha-1, respectively. Thus, interaction of phosphorus and zinc was significant for all the growth and yield attributing parameters.
MICROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN INTENSIVE ECOLOGICAL VEGETABLE CROP ROTATION IN HIGH TUNNEL

In 2014–2015 at the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Kraków, situated in Mydlniki near Kraków, Poland, experiments with intensive crop rotation in a high tunnel were conducted. The objectives concerned microclimatic zones in the tunnel and the yield and quality of butterhead lettuce (spring), cucumber (summer), and butterhead lettuce (autumn). Besides the properties of the soil in the high tunnel, a crucial role was played by microclimatic factors. The measurements showed variations in solar radiation, temperature and air humidity depending on the zone in the tunnel and the weather. Higher temperature in the centre of the tunnel was conducive to obtaining greater yields of spring lettuce and cucumber. In the spring and summer periods, the amounts of dry matter and total sugars in the edible parts of the cultivated vegetables were higher in the eastern and central zones of the tunnel. In the autumn, with less solar radiation, the amount of sugars in lettuce leaves was greater in the western zone. There was observable influence of the location in the tunnel from which samples were taken for analyses (zonal effect) on some physical parameters of the soil (bulk density, water capacity, and water-stability index).
Putative paraneoplastic pemphigus in a dog: clinical and microscopic findings

In this case report, a dog with clinical and histopathological features of paraneoplastic pemphigus is described. A Lhasa apso with severe ulcerative oral and predominant facial skin disease had a thoracic mass histopathologically diagnosed as a thymoma. A concurrent disease-association was suspected. Cytologic examination of the oral lesions provided early clues to the dog’s ulcerative condition.