Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of debris flow solid fraction on rigid barrier impact

The dynamics of debris flows are fundamentally governed by the interaction between the solid and fluid phases. However, current approaches used to estimate impact load treat debris flow as an equivalent fluid without considering solid–fluid interaction separately from other factors. In this study, a series of centrifuge tests was carried out to investigate the influence of interaction between solid and fluid phases on single-surge debris flow impact on a rigid barrier. The effect of solid–fluid interaction was studied by varying the solid fraction of the flows. A model rigid barrier was instrumented to capture induced bending moment and impact pressure. Test results demonstrate that the transition from a pile-up mechanism to a run-up mechanism is governed by the solid fraction and thus the grain contact stresses. The rigid barrier design for the impact with a pile-up mechanism is mainly dominated by the static load. Contrary to the hydrodynamic approach, which assumes that the frontal impact is the most c.
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Background: Assessment of health-related quality of life is so far mainly used in specific research settings and not widely accepted in the routine care of patients. Lack of trust in accuracy and reliability and lack of knowledge concerning the questionnaires used, methods, terminology, are just some of the perceived barriers for a more widespread dissemination of these instruments into routine health care. The present study was undertaken in order to test the feasibility of a computerised system for collecting and analysing health-related quality of life in a routine clinical setting and to examine the thoughts and attitudes among physicians concerning the value of these measurements. Methods: Seventy-four patients with chronic pulmonary lung disease were asked to assess their health-related quality of life with a computerised version of the SF-36 questionnaire before a regular the visit to a physician. The results were immediately available for the physician during the consultation for comparison of information given by the patients and the physician's evaluation of the patients overall health status. A focus group interview with the physicians was performed before and after the implementation of routine measurements of health-related quality of life. Results: The systematic assessment concept worked satisfactorily. All patients approached agreed to participate and completed the assessment on the touch screen computer. A weak correlation was found between patients' self-rated health and pulmonary function and between physicians' evaluation and pulmonary function. The physicians appreciated the SF-36 assessments and the value of the patients' perspective although only a few could pinpoint new clinical decisions based upon this new information. Conclusion: Physicians' clinical evaluation and patients' self-rating of health status offer unique and important information that are complementary. Published: 11 April 2003 Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2003, 1:5 Received: 10 March 2003 Accepted: 11 April 2003 This article is available from: http://www.hqlo. com/content/1/1/5 © 2003 Bendtsen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.
Mathematical programming based heuristics for improving LP-generated classifiers

Mathematical programming is used as a nonparametric approach to supervised classification. However, mathematical programming formulations that minimize the number of misclassifications on the design dataset suffer from computational difficulties. We present mathematical programming based heuristics for finding classifiers with a small number of misclassifications on the design dataset. The basic idea is to improve an LPgenerated classifier with respect to the number of misclassifications on the design dataset. The heuristics are evaluated computationally on both simulated and real world datasets.
Long‐lasting negative ionospheric storm effects in low and middle latitudes during the recovery phase of the 17 March 2013 geomagnetic storm

In this paper, an ionospheric electron density reanalysis algorithm was used to generate global optimized electron density during the 17–18 March 2013 geomagnetic storm by assimilating ~10 low Earth orbit satellites based and ~450 ground global navigation satellite system receiver‐based total electron content into a background ionospheric model. The reanalyzed electron density could identify the large‐scale ionospheric features quite well during storm time, including the storm‐enhanced density, the positive ionospheric storm effect during the initial and main phases, and the negative ionospheric storm effect during the recovery phase. The simulations from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model can reproduce similar large‐scale ionospheric disturbances as seen in the reanalysis results. Both the reanalysis and simulations show long‐lasting (>17 h) daytime negative storm effect over the Asia sector as well as hemispheric asymmetry during the recovery phase. Detailed analysis of the Global Ultraviolet Imager‐derived O/N2 ratio and model simulations indicate that the polar ward meridional wind disturbance, the downward E × B drift disturbance and O/N2 depletion might be responsible for the negative storm effect. The hemispheric asymmetry is mainly caused by the geomagnetic field line configuration, which could cause hemispheric asymmetry in the O/N2 depletion.
Cultural Imprinting: Ancient Origins of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Germany

A region’s present-day economic performance can be deeply anchored in historical factors. We provide the first systematic evidence of a deep imprinting effect in the context of Roman rule in the south-western part of Germany nearly 2,000 years ago. Our analysis reveals that regions in the former Roman part of Germany show a stronger entrepreneurship and innovation culture today, evident by higher levels of quantity and quality entrepreneurship and innovation. The data indicate that this lasting ‘Roman effect’ was constituted by the early establishment of interregional social and economic exchange and related infrastructure. Our findings thus help in unpacking the hidden cultural roots of present-day economic performance, with important implications for research and economic policy
Hype or Real Threat: The Extent of Predatory Journals in Student Bibliographies

Predatory publishing has risen with the development of open access publishing. This study examines how many potential predatory journals were used by Brandon University students by analyzing their bibliographies. In total, 245 bibliographies including 2,359 citations were analyzed. Of the 1,485 citations to journals in these citations, five were found to cite journals on Beall’s List of Predatory Journals and Publishers. The probable sources of these journals in the students’ bibliographies were examined.
1 STOCHASTIC PROCESSES : LEARNING THE LANGUAGE By

Stochastic processes are becoming more important to actuaries: they underlie much of modern . nance, mortality analysis and general insurance; and they are reappearing in the actuarial syllabus. They are immensely useful, not because they lead to more advanced mathematics (though they can do that) but because they form the common language of workers in many areas that overlap actuarial science. It is precisely because most . nancial and insurance risks involve events unfolding as time passes that models based on processes turn out to be most natural. This paper is an introduction to the language of stochastic processes. We do not give rigorous de.nitions or derivations; our purpose is to introduce the vocabulary, and then survey some applications in life insurance, . nance and general insurance.
Crowdsourcing and Public Transportation: Barriers and Opportunities

In the last decade, private companies have successfully used crowdsourcing to revolutionise mobility, while public transport companies are still mostly failing to utilise the benefits of crowdsourcing. The application of crowdsourcing in public transport is a new area of academic research, and research on crowdsourcing en route in real-time is missing. This research aims to address this gap, explore opportunities and challenges of this type of crowdsourcing, and conceptualise this phenomenon. The research is based on empirical data collected in five Northern European countries. Our research findings help identify areas where crowdsourcing en route can add value to public transport: new forms of communication , opportunities to communicate with third parties , and improved transit planning and optimisation . Identified challenges are related to behavioural change for users, a need to develop infrastructure to enable crowdsourcing en route , and financial rationalities.
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXII: Adenosine Receptors: A Further Update S

—— Our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classiﬁcation of adenosine recep- tors (2011) contained a number of emerging developments with respect to this G protein-coupled receptor subfamily, including protein structure, protein oligomerization, protein diversity, and allosteric modula- tion by small molecules. Since then, a wealth of new data and results has been added, allowing us to explore novel concepts such as target binding kinetics and biased signaling of adenosine receptors, to exam- ine a multitude of receptor structures and novel ligands, to gauge new pharmacology, and to evaluate clinical trials with adenosine receptor ligands. This review should therefore be considered a further update of our previous reports from 2001 and 2011. design of AR agonists (“biased” or not) and antagonists is largely structure based now, thanks to the tremendous progress in AR structural biology. The A 2A - and A 2B AR appear to modulate the immune response in tumor biology. Many clinical trials for this indication are ongoing, whereas an A 2A AR antagonist (istradefyl- line) has been approved as an anti-Parkinson agent.
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY REVIEW Epigenetic pathway targets for the treatment of disease: accelerating progress in the development of pharmacological tools: IUPHAR Review 11

proteins), structure, and functions, their likely physiological in disease. More information on these families of targets Abbreviations α -KG, α -ketoglutarate; ADMA, asymmetrical- dimethylarginine; Apo-A1, apolipoprotein A1; BCP, bromodomain-containing protein; BET, bromodomain and extraterminal; BRD, bromodomain; DNMT, DNA-methyltransferase; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; FAD, ﬂavin adenine dinucleotide; HDAC, histone deacetylase; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary ﬁbrosis; Jmj, jumonji C-domain; KAT, lysine acetyltransferase; KDAC, lysine deacetylase; KDM, lysine-speciﬁc demethylase; KMT, lysine methyltransferase; MMA, mono-methylated arginine; NET, neutrophil extracellular trap; NMC, NUT midline carcinoma; NOG, N-oxalylglycine; NUT, nuclear protein in testis; PAD, peptidyl-arginine deiminase; PCPA, PRMT, arginine methyltransferase; hydroxamic acid; SAM, methionine;
Long-Range LiDAR and Free-Space Data Communication With High-Performance Optical Phased Arrays

We present high-performance integrated optical phased arrays along with first-of-their-kind light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and free-space data communication demonstrators. First, record-performance optical phased array components are shown with low-power phase shifters and high-directionality waveguide grating antennas. Then, one-dimensional (1-D) 512-element optical phased arrays are demonstrated with record low-power operation (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< $</tex-math></inline-formula>1 mW total), large steering ranges, and high-speed two-dimensional (2-D) beam steering (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< $</tex-math></inline-formula>30 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>s phase shifter time constant). Next, by utilizing optical phased arrays, we show coherent 2-D solid-state LiDAR on diffusive targets with simultaneous velocity extraction at a range of nearly 200 m. In addition, the first demonstration of 3-D coherent LiDAR with optical phased arrays is presented with raster-scanning arrays. Finally, lens-free chip-to-chip free-space optical communication links up to 50 m are shown, including a demonstration of a steerable transmitter to multiple optical phased array receivers at a 1 Gb/s data rate. This paper shows the most advanced silicon photonics solid-state beam steering to date with relevant demonstrators in practical applications.
Analysis of the Neutral-Point Voltage Self-Balance Mechanism in the Three-Level Full-Bridge DC−DC Converter by Introduction of Flying Capacitors

The three-level full-bridge (TLFB) dc−dc converter has been widely used in high-voltage, high-power applications. In the experimental test, the neutral-point voltage deviation appears; moreover, it has also been found out that if the flying capacitors are introduced, the input capacitor voltages could realize self-balance even if no active balancing solutions are adopted. In the previous publications, the role of flying capacitors is generally considered to extend the range of soft switching; however, the self-balance ability has not been mentioned or investigated in any publications thus far. In order to fill this gap, this paper provides the detailed mode operation analysis of the TLFB converter and reveals the cause of the imbalance. In addition, the mechanism of the self-balance ability provided by the flying capacitors is explained in detail, which gives a deep insight into the converter. At last, the influence factor of the voltage error in steady state has been analyzed, and the specific expression of the voltage error is also derived. The feasibility of the theoretical analysis is verified by the simulation and experimental results.
Category-Specific Visual Responses: An Intracranial Study Comparing Gamma, Beta, Alpha, and ERP Response Selectivity

The specificity of neural responses to visual objects is a major topic in visual neuroscience. In humans, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified several regions of the occipital and temporal lobe that appear specific to faces, letter strings, scenes, or tools. Direct electrophysiological recordings in the visual cortical areas of epileptic patients have largely confirmed this modular organization, using either single-neuron peri-stimulus time-histogram or intracerebral event-related potentials (iERP). In parallel, a new research stream has emerged using high-frequency gamma-band activity (50–150 Hz) (GBR) and low-frequency alpha/beta activity (8–24 Hz) (ABR) to map functional networks in humans. An obvious question is now whether the functional organization of the visual cortex revealed by fMRI, ERP, GBR, and ABR coincide. We used direct intracerebral recordings in 18 epileptic patients to directly compare GBR, ABR, and ERP elicited by the presentation of seven major visual object categories (faces, scenes, houses, consonants, pseudowords, tools, and animals), in relation to previous fMRI studies. Remarkably both GBR and iERP showed strong category-specificity that was in many cases sufficient to infer stimulus object category from the neural response at single-trial level. However, we also found a strong discrepancy between the selectivity of GBR, ABR, and ERP with less than 10% of spatial overlap between sites eliciting the same category-specificity. Overall, we found that selective neural responses to visual objects were broadly distributed in the brain with a prominent spatial cluster located in the posterior temporal cortex. Moreover, the different neural markers (GBR, ABR, and iERP) that elicit selectivity toward specific visual object categories present little spatial overlap suggesting that the information content of each marker can uniquely characterize high-level visual information in the brain.
Geochemistry of fluid-rock processes

When these fluids interact with the surrounding rocks, small aliquots of these fluids are trapped as imperfections in the crystal lattice and fractures of minerals. These microscopic features are called fluid and melt inclusions, and are one of the best tools available to probe, measure and determine the chemical and physical properties of crustal fluids. In the present study we examine new developments into our understanding of fluid-rock interactions using fluid and melt inclusion as tools to provide insights into the evolution of the Earth’s crust from the deep continental crust to the surface. Chapter II “Raman spectroscopic characterization of H2O in CO2-rich fluid inclusions in granulite facies metamorphic rocks”, is a brief review of the current understanding of granulite rocks and their formation, and a new development into our ability to characterize the composition of the fluids trapped as fluid inclusions in minerals in granulite facies rocks. Chapter III “Reassessment of the Raman CO2 densimeter” details new developments in the use of the Raman spectroscopy to characterize the density of CO2. In this chapter we describe briefly the Raman effect of CO2 and the density dependence of the Fermi diad using different Raman instruments, laser sources and gratings to understand the differences in the published data. Chapter IV “Serpentinization reaction rates measured in olivine micro-batch reactors” describes new insights into the serpentinization process by using olivine micro-reactors. The micro-reactor technique is a new experimental
Statistical discrimination of global post-seismic ionosphere effects under geomagnetic quiet and storm conditions

ABSTRACT The retrospective statistical analysis of total electron content (TEC) is carried out using global ionospheric maps (GIM) for 1999–2015. TEC anomalies are analysed for 2670 earthquakes (EQ) from M6.0 to M10.0 classified into 2205 ‘non-storm’ EQs and 465 ‘storm’ EQs during geomagnetic storms. The geomagnetic storms are specified by relevant thresholds of geomagnetic indices AE, aa, ap, ap(τ) and Dst. Using sliding-window statistical analysis, moving daily–hourly TEC median μ for 15 preceding days with estimated variance bounds is obtained for each grid pixel of GIM-TEC maps. The derived ionosphere variability index, Vσ, is expressed in terms of ΔTEC deviation from the median normalized by the standard deviation σ. Vσ index segmentation is introduced specifying TEC anomaly if an instant TEC is outside the bound of μ ± 1σ. Efficiency of EQ impact on the ionosphere (Eσ) is growing with EQ magnitude and depth representing relative density of TEC anomalies within area of 1000 km radius around EQ hypocentre. Positive TEC ‘storm’ anomalies are twice as much as those of non-storm values. This observation supports dominant post-EQ TEC enhancement with Eσ peak decreasing during 12 h for daytime but growing by nighttime during 6 h after EQ followed by gradual recovery afterwards.
ANALYSIS OF GREAT LAKES ICE COVER CLIMATOLOGY: WINTERS 2006-2011

3 INTRODUCTION . 3 DATA . 3 ANALYSIS METHODS . 3 PRODUCTS AND DISCUSSION . 4 DATES OF FIRST (LAST) ICE AND ICE DURATION . 4 SEASONAL PROGRESSION OF ICE COVER . 9 2012 Great Lakes Ice Cycle . 9 2013 Great Lakes Ice Cycle . 1
Embryo growth, testa permeability, and endosperm weakening are major targets for the environmentally regulated inhibition of Lepidium sativum seed germination by myrigalone A

Myrigalone A (MyA) is a rare flavonoid in fruit leachates of Myrica gale, a deciduous shrub adapted to flood-prone habitats. As a putative allelochemical it inhibits seed germination and seedling growth. Using Lepidium sativum as a model target species, experiments were conducted to investigate how environmental cues modulate MyA’s interference with key processes of seed germination. Time course analyses of L. sativum testa and endosperm rupture under different light conditions and water potentials were combined with quantifying testa permeability, endosperm weakening, tissue-specific gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents, as well as embryo growth and apoplastic superoxide production important for cell expansion growth. Lepidium sativum testa permeability and early water uptake by imbibition is enhanced by MyA. During late germination, MyA inhibits endosperm weakening and embryo growth, both processes required for endosperm rupture. Inhibition of embryo cell expansion by MyA depends on environmental cues, which is evident from the light-modulated severity of the MyA-mediated inhibition of apoplastic superoxide accumulation. Several important key weakening and growth processes during early and late germination are targets for MyA. These effects are modulated by light conditions and ambient water potential. It is speculated that MyA is a soil seed bank-destroying allelochemical that secures the persistence of M. gale in its flood-prone environment.
Association between Adipose Tissue Interleukin-33 and Immunometabolic Markers in Individuals with Varying Degrees of Glycemia

Introduction Interleukin-33 (IL-33), the ligand for the receptor ST2, is abundant in adipose tissue, including preadipocytes, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. The IL-33/ST2 axis is protective against obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in animal models. We determined whether adipose tissue IL-33 was associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as mediators of inflammation and immune regulation and beiging of adipose tissue, among individuals with varying degrees of glycemia. Materials and Methods A total of 91 adults with normoglycemia, prediabetes, and T2D were included. After measuring their anthropometric and biochemical parameters, subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were isolated and mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, pattern recognition receptors, and mediators involved in beiging of adipose tissue were measured. Results Adipose tissue IL-33 was inversely associated with HbA1c in individuals with normoglycemia and T2D but not in those with prediabetes and was inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose in individuals with T2D and with a better glycemic control. IL-33-to-ST2 ratio was inversely correlated with HbA1c in individuals with normoglycemia but not in those with prediabetes or T2D. IL-33 was directly associated with ST2, CD302, fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) but inversely correlated with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 7 and CCL8 in individuals with normoglycemia. Similarly, IL-33 was directly associated with ST2, CD302, FGL2, PRDM16, and, additionally, toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and IL-12A in individuals with T2D. However, IL-33 was not associated with any of these mediators but was directly and strongly associated with TLR9 in individuals with prediabetes. Conclusions IL-33 and/or IL-33/ST2 dynamics and biological functions may play a role in overall glycemia among humans and may represent a novel target by which glucose-lowering managements confer their beneficial effects.