Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxygen isotope effect on the vibrational modes of La 1 − x Ca x MnO 3

Raman-scattering experiments have been carried out on polycrystalline samples of ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.65}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.35}{\mathrm{Mn}\mathrm{}}^{16}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and isotope-exchanged ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.65}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.35}{\mathrm{Mn}\mathrm{}}^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ as a function of temperature. The most interesting feature in the spectra is a vibrational mode that occurs at a nominal frequency of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}\ensuremath{\approx}230{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1},$ which is assigned to an out-of-phase rotational mode that involves motion of the O(1) atoms. The frequency of this phonon depends strongly on the Ca concentration and has been correlated with the strength of the Jahn-Teller lattice distortion as measured by the tolerance factor. As the temperature is lowered through the critical temperature, the phonon frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ increases rather abruptly and continues to harden as the temperature is lowered further. In contrast, the linewidth ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}$ decreases abruptly when the sample passes through the transition from the paramagnetic insulating phase to the more metallic ferromagnetic phase. The observed temperature dependences of the frequency and linewidth are well described by a model that incorporates a double-exchange mechanism in the presence of an electron-phonon interaction. The agreement between experiment and theory suggests that the temperature dependence of the phonon is determined primarily by the spin alignment associated with the double-exchange mechanism. The results for both ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}$ imply that there are no significant structural modifications associated with the transition to the ferromagnetic phase. Finally, the linewidth ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}$ in the isotope-exchanged sample ${(}^{18}\mathrm{O})$ is smaller than in the ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ sample, an observation that is consistent with the smaller electron-phonon-coupling constant in the ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ compound.
Historical Biogeography of Earwigs

Simple Summary Earwigs (Dermaptera) have their highest diversity in the tropical areas of the southern hemisphere, whereas the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere have relatively few species. This pattern has been considered a reflection of their origin in Gondwana, the supercontinent that grouped most of the land masses in today’s southern hemisphere, including Antarctica, South America, Africa and Madagascar. An analysis of the distributions of the major evolutionary lineages of earwigs supports the role of the Gondwanan breakup in determining the current patterns of their diversity, as well the influence of the Indian collision with the Eurasian plate. The dispersal into the Eurasian plate was largely constrained by the Himalayan orogenesis and the presence of colder temperatures. This climatic barrier was probably the most important factor that largely hampered the colonization of North America from South America. Abstract The Dermaptera are an insect order exhibiting their highest diversity in the tropical areas of the southern hemisphere. This pattern has been considered a reflection of a Gondwanan origin. However, this hypothesis has not been tested through analytical methods. In this paper, the world distribution of earwigs was analysed by using the ‘Cladistic Analysis of Distributions and Endemism’ (CADE), a method which groups areas of endemism on the basis of shared distributions and phylogenetic relationships among taxa. In addition, clustering techniques were applied to depict biotic relationships based on similarity indices. Results of CADE support the idea that Gondwanan fragmentation exerted a crucial role in shaping the current distribution of the main clades of earwigs. However, the relationships between India with South East Asia suggested a biotic interchange occurred after the Indian collision with the Eurasian plate. The overall scenario emerging from cluster analyses revealed a strong influence of dispersal events. Overall, the distribution of earwig major clades indicates that their biogeographical history was mainly characterized by vicariance events (led by the break-up of Gondwana) followed by large scale dispersal processes constrained by the Himalayan orogenesis and the presence of colder temperatures, which have largely hampered the colonization of the northern hemisphere.
GENERATORS FOR $\mathcal{H}$-INVARIANT PRIME IDEALS IN $O_{q}(\mathcal{M}_{m,p}(\mathbb{C}))$

Abstract It is known that, for generic $q$, the $\mathcal{H}$-invariant prime ideals in $O_{q}(\mathcal{M}_{m,p}(\mathbb{C}))$ are generated by quantum minors (see S. Launois, Les idéaux premiers invariants de $O_{q}(\mathcal{M}_{m,p}(\mathbb{C}))$, J. Alg. , in press). In this paper, $m$ and $p$ being given, we construct an algorithm which computes a generating set of quantum minors for each $\mathcal{H}$-invariant prime ideal in $O_{q}(\mathcal{M}_{m,p}(\mathbb{C}))$. We also describe, in the general case, an explicit generating set of quantum minors for some particular $\mathcal{H}$-invariant prime ideals in $O_{q}(\mathcal{M}_{m,p}(\mathbb{C}))$. In particular, if $(Y_{i,\alpha})_{(i,\alpha)\in[[1,m]]\times[[1,p]]}$ denotes the matrix of the canonical generators of $O_{q}(\mathcal{M}_{m,p}(\mathbb{C}))$, we prove that, if $u\geq3$, the ideal in $O_{q}(\mathcal{M}_{m,p}(\mathbb{C}))$ generated by $Y_{1,p}$ and the $u\times u$ quantum minors is prime. This result allows Lenagan and Rigal to show that the quantum determinantal factor rings of $O_{q}(\mathcal{M}_{m,p}(\mathbb{C}))$ are maximal orders (see T. H. Lenagan and L. Rigal, Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc. 46 (2003), 513–529). AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 16P40. Secondary 16W35; 20G42
Atomic structure variations of mechanically stable fcc-bcc interfaces

It has recently been shown that under severe plastic deformation processing bi-metal fcc/bcc composites develop a mechanically stable heterophase interface that joins the {112}fcc//{112}bcc planes in the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship. In this article, we study variations in the relaxed equilibrium atomic structure of this interface with changes in fcc stacking fault energy (SFE) and lattice mismatch between the two crystals. Using molecular statics/dynamics simulations for three fcc/bcc systems, Cu-Nb, Al-Fe, and Al-Nb, we find that the number of distinct sets of intrinsic interfacial dislocations and their core structures vary significantly among these three systems. The impact of these atomic-scale structural differences on interfacial properties is demonstrated through their interactions with point defects. The interfaces studied here are shown to exhibit a wide variation in ability, ranging from being a poor to an excellent sink for vacancies.
The peculiar type Ia SN 1991T : detonation of a white dwarf ?

SN 1991T was a peculiar object whose premaximum optical spectrum did not resemble that of any known supernova; it appears to have been dominated by lines of iron-group elements. Near maximum brightness, however, lines of intermediate-mass elements slowly appeared, and the spectrum began to resemble that of Type Ia supernovae (SNs Ia). With time, the spectral similarity to classical SNs Ia grew progressively stronger. Two months after the explosion, the spectrum was once again dominated by iron-group elements and appeared almost identical to that of typical SNs Ia
Effects of glyphosate on nodulation and nitrogen fixation of transgenic glyphosate-tolerant soybean

: Background: The use of glyphosate on glyphosate-tolerant soybean crops led to improved control of a wide range of weeds, which resulted in reduced costs with the no-till system. The emergence of the first herbicide-resistant weeds have driven an increase in glyphosate applications, and even though those soybean materials have a low sensitivity to glyphosate, the rhizobial symbionts could be affected by the herbicide, and plants might be indirectly injured. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of multiple glyphosate applications throughout the soybean crop cycle on plant growth, nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Methods: The effects of one, two and three treatments of a recommended dose of glyphosate on BNF and growth of glyphosate-tolerant soybean plants were evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments. Results: Two or more applications of glyphosate inhibited the BNF and growth of soybean plants. Under controlled conditions, at least one glyphosate application at V1 affected the number and mass of nodules per plant, and successive applications in advanced phonological stages resulted in the inhibition of nodule growth. With two and three sprayings of glyphosate, the proportion of N derived from the air in plants was reduced by 41% compared with the treatment without glyphosate. In field experiments, detrimental effects of three sequential applications of glyphosate on number of nodules per plant (-25%), biomass production (-21%) and grain yield (-36%) were detected. Conclusions: Multiple glyphosate applications of glyphosate inhibited the BNF and growth of soybean plants and it could be as damaging as +weed interference.
Fatalities in Swedish fire-related car crashes from a toxicologic perspective

Abstract Objective: Vehicle materials developments raise concerns about new patterns of vehicle fire toxic gas emissions. This study aimed to describe toxicologic components in a recent material of fatal car crashes on Swedish roads in which the vehicle caught fire and compare the results to a previous material. Methods: Retrospective registry study. All fatal car crashes with fire in Sweden 2009–2018 were extracted from the Swedish Transport Administration’s In-Depth Studies Database and compared with an earlier study of the time period 1998–2008. Results: A total of 79 crashes and 94 fatalities were included. Carbon monoxide (COHb) blood levels >10% were found in 13 cases. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) blood levels 0.1–1.7 µg/g were found in 10 cases. In 29 of the cases the person had a blood alcohol level (BAC) >0.2‰, which is the legal driving limit in Sweden. A total of 15 people died due to burn injuries and 2 individuals died due to toxic gas emissions without any other fatal traumatic injury. Total number of deaths in fire-related crashes halved from 181 (1998–2008) to 94 (2009–2018) but the percentage of fatalities in burning vehicles was unaltered (5% vs. 6%). The proportion of fatalities with HCN in the blood increased from 2% between 1998–2008 to 10% during 2009–2018 (p = 0.006). The age of the car involved in a crash increased by 0.26 years per calendar year (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The proportion of fatalities with measured levels of HCN in the blood has increased. Eleven of the 15 burn injury fatalities had high levels of alcohol, HCN, or COHb, possibly contributing to an inability to leave a burning vehicle. Faster rescue brought by improved specific education and training of ambulance and rescue services personnel may be of future importance, as may on-scene antidote administration and revised regulations of vehicle flammability.
Compact eight channel SPAD module for photon timing applications

Multi-dimensional Time Correlated Single Photon Counting has nowadays reached a prominent position among analytical techniques employed in the medical and biological fields. The development of instruments able to perform simultaneously temporal and spectral fluorescence analysis (sFLIM) is limited by the performances of single-photon detectors; in fact currently available arrays cannot satisfy simultaneously all the requirements. To face this rising quest, a fully-parallel eight channel module, based on a monolithic Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) array with great temporal resolution, high Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) and low Dark Counting Rate (DCR), has been designed and fabricated. The system relies on a novel architecture of the single pixel, based on the integration of the timing pick-up circuit next to the photodetector, making the negative effects of electrical and optical crosstalk on photon timing performance negligible. To this aim, the custom technological process used to fabricate the SPAD has been modified, allowing the integration of MOS transistors without impairing the structure and the performance of the detector. The single channel is complemented by an external Active Quenching Circuit, fabricated in a standard CMOS technology, that ensures high maximum counting rate (> 5MHz) and low afterpulsing (< 2%). Finally, the output timing signals are read and conditioned by a proper CMOS electronics. The complete pixel shows a very good temporal resolution of about 45 ps (FWHM).
Mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages promotes inflammation and suppresses repair after myocardial infarction

Innate immune cells play important roles in tissue injury and repair following acute myocardial infarction (MI). Although reprogramming of macrophage metabolism has been observed during inflammation and resolution phases, the mechanistic link to macrophage phenotype is not fully understood. In this study, we found that myeloid-specific deletion (mKO) of mitochondrial complex I protein, encoded by Ndufs4, reproduced the proinflammatory metabolic profile in macrophages and exaggerated the response to LPS. Moreover, mKO mice showed increased mortality, poor scar formation, and worsened cardiac function 30 days after MI. We observed a greater inflammatory response in mKO mice on day 1 followed by increased cell death of infiltrating macrophages and blunted transition to the reparative phase during post-MI days 3–7. Efferocytosis was impaired in mKO macrophages, leading to lower expression of antiinflammatory cytokines and tissue repair factors, which suppressed the proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts in the infarcted area. Mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenging rescued these impairments, improved myofibroblast function in vivo, and reduced post-MI mortality in mKO mice. Together these results reveal a critical role of mitochondria in inflammation resolution and tissue repair via modulation of efferocytosis and crosstalk with fibroblasts. These findings have potential significance for post-MI recovery as well as for other inflammatory conditions.
Prevalence and risk factors for pain‐specific school absenteeism in adolescents with recurrent pain: A prospective population‐based design

Adolescents with recurrent pain miss out from school more often than pain‐free peers. Research has so far used cross‐sectional designs, focusing on non‐specific absenteeism in clinical samples. Hence, it is unknown whether estimates of absenteeism are specifically linked to the pain itself or reflects the characteristics of clinical samples.
Quantitative proteomic analysis uncovers protein-expression profiles during gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis in mice

Abstract Ovarian follicle is the basic functional unit of female reproduction, and is composed of oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells. In mammals, folliculogenesis strictly rely on gonadotropin regulations to determine the ovulation and the quality of eggs. However, the dynamic changes of protein-expressing profiles in follicles at different developmental stages remain largely unknown. By performing mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis of mouse follicles, we provide a proteomic database (∼3000 proteins) that covers three key stages of gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis. By combining bioinformatics analysis with in situ expression validation, we showed that our proteomic data well reflected physiological changes during folliculogenesis, which provided potential to predict unknown regulators of folliculogenesis. Additionally, by using the oocyte structural protein zona pellucida protein 2 as the internal control, we showed the possibility of our database to predict the expression dynamics of oocyte-expressing proteins during folliculogenesis. Taken together, we provide a high-coverage proteomic database to study protein-expression dynamics during gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis in mammals. Summary Sentence Mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis provides a database of the protein-expression profiles during gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis in mice. Graphical Abstract
Board gender diversity and innovation activities: Evidence from R&D investments in the UK

Abstract This study examines the relationship between board gender diversity and R&D investments in the UK. Also, the study goes deeper and examines whether the relationship between board gender diversity and R&D investments is affected by the female tenure in the board. Using a sample from the UK FTSE350 index between 2009 and 2018, the findings show that board gender diversity has a positive impact on R&D intensity. Importantly, we find that this relationship is not affected by the tenure of female directors. Therefore, this result alleviates the concern that long female tenure might lead to weak monitoring, thereby adversely impacting the relationship between gender diversity and R&D investments. The findings hold after using different proxies for gender diversity and after controlling for endogeneity. The study injects the literature with up-to-date evidence on the role of female directors in R&D investment in the UK where female representation in the board is still optional. Moreover, the findings of this study contribute to the merits of the tense debate on female representation in the board of directors. In this regard, given that the current regulations in the UK recommend, but do not oblige, board gender diversity, regulatory bodies (e.g., FRC) could take this issue into consideration for future governance reform. Furthermore, companies that are eager to maintain sustained innovation should pay close attention to gender diversity during the process of the directors’ appointment.
Gyroscope Free Strapdown Inertial Measurement Unit by Six Linear Accelerometers

A six-accelerome ter configuration is presented to compute the rotationa^ and translational acceleration of a rigid body. This theoretical minimum accelerometer configuration has as stable a mechanization equation as that of recent results of nine-accelero meter schemes. Associated equations/that can be used to work with the accelerometer location and orientation errors are also derived. For navigation application, the novel design can be integrated with other sensors of complementary characteristics to enhance the performance.
Massive iliopsoas haematoma during the course of COVID‐19 pneumonia

This report presents a case of life‐threatening iliopsoas haematoma in an immunosuppressed 86‐year‐old man with a history of prostate cancer during the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The patient was hospitalized for COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia. One week after admission, he complained of pain in his right thigh when he changed his position. Laboratory findings revealed markedly progressive anaemia and elevated creatine phosphokinase levels. Chest computed tomography revealed a massive haematoma in the right iliopsoas muscle spreading to the retroperitoneal space. Considering the advanced age and status of the patient, he was treated with red blood cell transfusions and bed rest. Fortunately, the anaemia was improved, and the haematoma gradually reduced in size. It should be noted that even during isolation, careful physical examination is important. In addition, physicians who administer heparin to patients with COVID‐19, even if prophylactic, should be aware of bleeding complications.
Effect of Breeding Season on Haemosporidian Infections in Domestic Chickens

Simple Summary A total of 122 chickens (66 chickens during the breeding season and 56 chickens during the non-breeding season) from tropical Hainan Island, China were sampled to test for haemosporidian infections. We showed that chickens have a higher incidence of haemosporidian infection and a greater diversity of haemosporidian parasite lineages during the breeding season relative to the non-breeding season. Abstract Reproduction is believed to contribute to the frequently observed seasonal cycles in parasite loads in many organisms, as an investment in reproduction by the host could result in a higher susceptibility to parasites. In this study, we examined the impact of breeding season on haemosporidian infection in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). We sampled a total of 122 chickens (66 chickens during the breeding season of April 2017 and 56 chickens during the non-breeding season of January 2017) to test for haemosporidian infections. The result showed that 56 out of 66 chickens examined during the breeding season tested positive for parasites (84.8% parasite prevalence), whereas 39 out of 56 chickens tested positive for parasites during the non-breeding season (69.6% parasite prevalence). Moreover, among the 11 Leucocytozoon lineages and 2 Plasmodium lineages identified, the parasite lineages that infected chickens during the breeding season were more diversified than those that affected chickens during the non-breeding season. This study indicated that chickens have a higher incidence of haemosporidian infection and a greater diversity of haemosporidian parasite lineages during the breeding season relative to the non-breeding season.
Analysis of plasmaspheric hiss wave amplitudes inferred from low‐altitude POES electron data: Technique sensitivity analysis

A novel technique capable of inferring wave amplitudes from low‐altitude electron measurements from the Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) spacecraft has been previously proposed to construct a global dynamic model of chorus and plasmaspheric hiss waves. In this paper we focus on plasmaspheric hiss, which is an incoherent broadband emission that plays a dominant role in the loss of energetic electrons from the inner magnetosphere. We analyze the sensitivity of the POES technique to different inputs used to infer the hiss wave amplitudes during three conjunction events with the Van Allen Probes. These amplitudes are calculated with different input models of the plasma density, wave frequency spectrum, and electron energy spectrum, and the results are compared to the wave observations from the twin Van Allen Probes. Only one parameter is varied at a time in order to isolate its effect on the output, while the two other inputs are set to the values observed by the Van Allen Probes. The results show that the predicted hiss amplitudes are most sensitive to the adopted frequency spectrum, followed by the plasma density, but they are not very sensitive to the electron energy spectrum. Moreover, the standard Gaussian representation of the wave frequency spectrum (centered at 550 Hz) peaks at frequencies that are much higher than those observed in individual cases as well as in statistical wave distributions, which produces large overestimates of the hiss wave amplitude. For this reason, a realistic statistical model of the wave frequency spectrum should be used in the POES technique to infer the plasmaspheric hiss wave intensity rather than a standard Gaussian distribution, since the former better reproduces the observed plasmaspheric hiss wave amplitudes.