Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Eutrophication Assessment Directives From Transitional to Marine Systems in the Thames Estuary and Liverpool Bay, UK

The assessment of eutrophic conditions is a formal requirement of several European Directives. Typically, these eutrophication assessments use a set of primary indicators which include dissolved inorganic nutrients, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen and secondary information such as phytoplankton community data. Each directive is characterized by a different geographical or political boundary which defines the area under assessment. Several disparate sources of data from the Thames estuary and Liverpool Bay in the United Kingdom collected from different monitoring programs were combined to generate a fully integrated dataset. Data sources included remote sensing, ecosystem models, moorings, freshwater inputs and traditional ship surveys. Different methods were explored for assigning ecologically relevant assessment areas including delineation of the assessment area based on salinity, extent of the river plume influence and ecohydrodynamic characteristics in addition to the traditional geographically defined typologies associated with the different directives. Individual eutrophication indicators were tested across these revised typologies for the period 2006–2015, and outcomes of the different metrics were compared across the river to marine continuum for the two UK areas. There have been statistically significant decreasing trends in the loads of ammonium, nitrite and dissolved inorganic phosphorous between 1994 and 2016 in both the Thames estuary and Liverpool Bay study areas but no statistically significant trends in loads of nitrate or dissolved inorganic nitrogen. There have been statistically significant increases in riverine nitrogen:phosphorous between 1994 and 2016. Nutrient concentrations exceeded assessment thresholds across nearly all areas other than the large offshore assessment areas, and outcomes of the chlorophyll metric were often below assessment thresholds in the estuarine-based areas and the offshore areas, but exceedances of thresholds occurred in the near coastal areas. However, trait-based indicators of phytoplankton community using functional groups show changes in plankton community structure over the assessment period, indicating that additional metrics that quantify community shifts could be a useful measurement to include in future eutrophication assessments.
Load-to-Failure Resistance and Optical Characteristics of Nano-Lithium Disilicate Ceramic after Different Aging Processes

The aim of this study was to compare the load-to-failure resistance and optical properties of nano-lithium disilicate (NLD) with lithium disilicate (LDS) and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) in different aging processes. Thirty crowns were milled from NLD, LDS, and ZLS (n = 10). All crowns were subjected to thermomechanical aging and loaded until catastrophic failure. Ten specimens from each material were prepared in two different thicknesses (0.7 mm and 1.5 mm, n = 5), and color coordinates were measured before and after coffee thermocycling. Color differences (ΔE00) and relative translucency parameter (RTP) were calculated. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Bonferroni-corrected t-tests (α = 0.05). ZLS had the highest load-to-failure resistance (p ≤ 0.002), while the difference between LDS and NLD was nonsignificant (p = 0.776). The interaction between material type and thickness affected ΔE00 (p < 0.001). Among the 0.7 mm thick specimens, ZLS had the lowest ΔE00 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 1.5 mm thick ZLS had lower ΔE00 than that of 1.5 mm thick LDS (p = 0.036). Other than ZLS (p = 0.078), 0.7 mm thick specimens had higher ΔE00 (p < 0.001). The interaction between material type, thickness, and thermocycling affected RTP (p < 0.001). Thinner specimens presented higher RTP (p < 0.001). NLD and LDS had higher RTP than ZLS (p ≤ 0.036). However, 0.7 mm thick specimens had similar RTP after coffee thermocycling (p ≥ 0.265). Coffee thermocycling reduced the RTP values of 0.7 mm thick NLD (p = 0.032) and LDS (p = 0.008). NLD may endure the occlusal forces present in the posterior region. However, long-term coffee consumption may impair the esthetics of restorations particularly when thin NLD is used.
What’s the Difference? Contributions of Lexical Ambiguity, Reading Comprehension, and Executive Functions to Math Word Problem Solving in Linguistically Diverse 3rd to 5th Graders

ABSTRACT Purpose Math word problem solving, a form of reading comprehension, is complicated by mathematical lexical ambiguity (e.g., the word difference can mean dissimilarity in everyday discourse but the answer in a subtraction problem in math). This study examined the role of mathematical lexical ambiguity in math word problem solving. Method Lexically ambiguous math word knowledge, reading comprehension, vocabulary breadth, executive function (EF) skills, and math word problem solving were assessed in 521 3rd- to 5th-grade emergent bilingual (EB) and English monolingual (EM) students. Results Students knew fewer math than common meanings of lexically ambiguous math words, and EBs knew fewer meanings than EMs. Multi-group path analysis indicated reading comprehension and lexically ambiguous math word knowledge contributed directly to math word problem solving and partially mediated the influence of EFs on math word problem solving. Conclusion Consistent with the language function hypothesis, language skills supported math word problem solving directly and mediated the influence of EF skills on math word problem performance for both EBs and EMs alike. Our findings move the field forward by revealing a specific mechanism by which EF skills contribute to a particular aspect of content area reading comprehension.
Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Repeated Low Oral Doses of Malathion, Metalaxyl and Cymoxanil on Different Tissues of Rats

Ahmed H. Massoud1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Moustafa Saad-Allah1, Aly S. Derbalah1, Ashraf Albrakati3* and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy4* 1Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelshiekh University 33516 Egypt ‏ 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt 3Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia 4Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt Article Information Received 18 May 2021 Revised 25 January 2022 Accepted 01 February 2022 Available online 02 June 2022 (early access)
Presepsin As a Biomarker for Evaluating Prognosis and Early Innate Immune Response of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients After Return of Spontaneous Circulation.

OBJECTIVES After return of spontaneous circulation, patients who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest present an impaired innate immune response that resembles sepsis. Presepsin, a new biomarker for sepsis, has not been studied in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. This study explored the role of presepsin in evaluating the prognosis and early innate immune alteration of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients after return of spontaneous circulation by observing presepsin levels, CD14, and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING The emergency department of an urban university tertiary hospital. PARTICIPANTS One hundred sixty-five out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with return of spontaneous circulation more than 12 hours, and 100 healthy individuals. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma presepsin and procalcitonin levels were tested after resuscitation (day 0) and on days 1 and 3 after return of spontaneous circulation. Presepsin levels were higher in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients than in healthy individuals. In the first 3 days, presepsin and procalcitonin levels were persistently lower in 28-day survivors and patients with favorable neurologic outcome patients than in 28-day nonsurvivors and patients with unfavorable neurologic outcome. On days 0, 1, and 3, different cut-off values of presepsin showed prognostic value for 28-day mortality and favorable neurologic outcomes similar to procalcitonin. CD14 and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Compared with controls, CD14 expression in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients increased on day 1 and began to decrease on day 3, whereas human leukocyte antigen-DR+ monocyte percentages decreased on days 1 and 3. Presepsin and procalcitonin had a low positive correlation with CD14 expression and a strong negative correlation with human leukocyte antigen-DR+ monocyte percentages on day 1. CONCLUSIONS Plasma presepsin concentrations are independent prognostic factors for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients after return of spontaneous circulation and are correlated with abnormal CD14 and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes. Monitoring presepsin levels may be helpful for evaluating the prognosis and impaired innate immune response in the early period after return of spontaneous circulation.
Activity-based protein profiling approaches for transplantation.

Enzyme activity may be more pathophysiologically relevant than enzyme quantity and is regulated by changes in conformational status that are undetectable by traditional proteomic approaches. Further, enzyme activity may provide insights into rapid physiological responses to inflammation/injury that are not dependent on de novo protein transcription. Activity-based protein profiling is a chemical proteomic approach designed to characterize and identify active enzymes within complex biological samples. Activity probes have been developed to interrogate multiple enzyme families with broad applicability; including but not limited to serine hydrolases, cysteine proteases, matrix metalloproteases, nitrilases, caspases and histone deacetylases. The goal of this overview is to describe the overall rationale, approach, methods, challenges and potential applications of activity-based protein profiling to transplantation research. To do so, we present a case example of urine serine hydrolase activity-based protein profiling in kidney transplant rejection to illustrate the utility and workflow of this analytical approach. Ultimately, developing novel transplant therapeutics is critically dependent on understanding the pathophysiological processes that result in loss of transplant function. Activity-based protein profiling offers a new dimension for characterizing dynamic changes in clinical samples. The capacity to identify and measure relevant enzyme activities provides fresh opportunities for understanding these processes and may help identify markers of disease activity for the development of novel diagnostics and real-time monitoring of patients. Finally, these insights into enzyme activity may also help to identify new transplant therapeutics, such as enzyme-specific inhibitors.
Inhibition of Estrogen-dependent Breast Cancer Growth by a Reaction Product of a-Fetoprotein and Estradici1

Reaction of picomolar quantities of human or rodent a-fetoprotein (AFP) with inuminolar quantities of 17/3-estradiol (E2) generates a prod uct of unknown structure, designated AFP/E2, that inhibits estrogenstimulated growth of mouse uterus. We describe herein the effect of rodent AFP/Ej on the in vivo growth of two estrogen-dependent breast cancers, the MCF-7 human breast cancer and the MTW9A rat mammary cancer. Both cancers were grown as xenografts under the kidney capsule of cyclosporine-immunosuppressed male HDI , mice. In addition, the MTYV9A tumor was grown as a homograft in syngeneic ovariectomized Wistar-Furth female rats. Estrogen support was provided by s.c. Silastic E2 implants. Injecting AFP/E2 that was generated by incubating 1.0 n% of AFP with 0.5 Mgof Â£2 for l h at room temperature resulted in cessation of growth and, in most cases, regression of MCF-7 tumor xenografts. It also produced regression of MTW9A tumor homografts and significantly inhibited growth of MTW9A xenografts. Treatment with AFP alone or E2 alone did not inhibit growth of these tumors. The data suggest that AM'/I j has a unique property which causes attenuation or shut-down of the biochemical reactions through which estrogen-dependent tumor growth is mediated.
Algorithmic Patient Matching in Peer Support Systems for Hospital Inpatients

Peer support in inpatient portal systems can help patients to manage their hospital experiences, namely through social modeling of similar patients’ experiences. In this position paper, I will begin by providing a theoretical foundation of social modeling and peer matching. Then I will present matching strategies for algorithmic tools to match patients by their similarities, as well as the challenges and consequences that will surface when such a system is deployed in the wild. These technosocial complexities show that algorithmic matching in this context is non-trivial. Finally, based on the evidence and theories known thus far, I will present two recommendations on how to algorithmically match patient that will support social modeling, align with human cognition, and reduce the risk of injustices in clinical settings.
Association of Closed-Loop Brain Stimulation Neurophysiological Features With Seizure Control Among Patients With Focal Epilepsy.

Importance A bidirectional brain-computer interface that performs neurostimulation has been shown to improve seizure control in patients with refractory epilepsy, but the therapeutic mechanism is unknown. Objective To investigate whether electrographic effects of responsive neurostimulation (RNS), identified in electrocorticographic (ECOG) recordings from the device, are associated with patient outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective review of ECOG recordings and accompanying clinical meta-data from 11 consecutive patients with focal epilepsy who were implanted with a neurostimulation system between January 28, 2015, and June 6, 2017, with 22 to 112 weeks of follow-up. Recorded ECOG data were obtained from the manufacturer; additional system-generated meta-data, including recording and detection settings, were collected directly from the manufacturer's management system using an in-house, custom-built platform. Electrographic seizure patterns were identified in RNS recordings and evaluated in the time-frequency domain, which was locked to the onset of the seizure pattern. Main Outcomes and Measures Patterns of electrophysiological modulation were identified and then classified according to their latency of onset in relation to triggered stimulation events. Seizure control after RNS implantation was assessed by 3 main variables: mean frequency of seizure occurrence, estimated mean severity of seizures, and mean duration of seizures. Overall seizure outcomes were evaluated by the extended Personal Impact of Epilepsy Scale questionnaires, a patient-reported outcome measure of 3 domains (seizure characteristics, medication adverse effects, and quality of life), with a range of possible scores from 0 to 300 in which lower scores indicate worse status, and the Engel scale, which comprises 4 classes (I-IV) in which lower numbers indicate greater improvement. Results Electrocorticographic data from 11 patients (8 female; mean [range] age, 35 [19-65] years; mean [range] duration of epilepsy, 19 [5-37] years) were analyzed. Two main categories of electrophysiological signatures of stimulation-induced modulation of the seizure network were discovered: direct and indirect effects. Direct effects included ictal inhibition and early frequency modulation but were not associated with improved clinical outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.06-7.35; P > .99). Only indirect effects-those occurring remote from triggered stimulation-were associated with improved clinical outcomes (OR, infinity; 95% CI, -infinity to infinity; P = .02). These indirect effects included spontaneous ictal inhibition, frequency modulation, fragmentation, and ictal duration modulation. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that RNS effectiveness may be explained by long-term, stimulation-induced modulation of seizure network activity rather than by direct effects on each detected seizure.
THE IMPACT OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD LABOR STATUS AND WORKER CHARACTERISTICS ON HOUSEHOLD POVERTY: EVIDENCE IN VIETNAM

This study follows a worker-based approach and distinguishes between wage workers and self-employed workers. Our hypotheses stress the role of household head worker characteristics in explaining the probability of a household being poor. Using data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2014 (VHLSS 2014), we estimate a probit regression model. The result shows that households whose head are informal wage earners have the highest risk of living in poverty, while households with the head are formal wage earners are at the lowest risk of being poor . The effects of self-employed households fall between those two extremes. The weaknesses of informal employment are reflected in four main aspects: low labor quality, low education level, low working time (hours/year), and lack of social insurance. Education plays a major role in reducing poverty and diminishing the difference in the effect of formal and informal statuses. The findings can serve as evidence for formulating effective policies related to poverty reduction.
Quantitative Analysis of Character Networks in Polish XIX and XX Century Novels

Introduction From qualitative work of Moretti (2013) on Shakespeare's plays and Chinese novels, through quantitative works on the 19th century English literary fiction by Elson et al. (2010) and Jayannavar et al. (2015) to the investigation of dynamic plots of German plays by Fischer et al. (2017), the analysis of social networks induced from literary works became a valuable tool in digital humanities research. This paper presents a study on induction and quantitative analysis of character networks inferred from Polish novels. The corpus gathered for this study is an order of magnitude larger than the collection of novels used by Elson et al. (2010) and Jayannavar et al (2015). It contains primarily novels from the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The main goal of this paper is to present novel results on systematic differences between the 19th century and 20th century Polish prose with respect to the collected corpus. The two by-products of this research are: 1. The development of fully automatized, quantitative pipeline that leads from raw Polish text to the set of testable hypotheses. 2. The reproduction of the observations of Elson et al. (2010) and Jayannavar et al. (2015) on a larger, more demanding corpus of a different language origin that contains both the 19th century and 20th century works. Figure 1. Main characters of Lalka by B. Prus
Fluctuation-independent niche differentiation and relative non-linearity drive coexistence in a species-rich grassland.

Despite the advances in ecological theory, evidence for the relative importance of the different mechanisms that promote species coexistence is lacking. Some mechanisms depend on the presence of interannual fluctuations in the environment combined with inter-specific differences in the responses to such fluctuations. Among coexistence mechanisms, niche differentiation and storage effects have received much attention, whereas relative non-linearity (RNL) has been thought to be an unlikely and weak mechanism for multi-species coexistence and remains untested in nature. We quantified the relative contribution of different mechanisms to the coexistence of 19 grassland species by using field-parameterized population models and invasion analysis. Our results showed that 17 out of 19 species had the potential to coexist stably. Species diversity was maintained by RNL and large fluctuation-independent niche differences, i.e., between-species differentiation that is unrelated to interannual variations in environmental factors. Moreover, RNL increased the fitness of species that were less favored by niche differentiation, contributing to their persistence in the community. Storage effect was negligible or destabilizing, making no contribution to stable coexistence. These results, altogether with recent theoretical developments and indirect evidence in published data, call for a reassessment of RNL as a relevant mechanism for multi-species coexistence in nature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Functional MRI of Letter Cancellation Task Performance in Older Adults

The Letter Cancellation Task (LCT) is a widely used pen-and-paper probe of attention in clinical and research settings. Despite its popularity, the neural correlates of the task are not well understood. The present study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and specialized tablet technology to identify the neural correlates of the LCT in 32 healthy older adults between 50–85 years of age, and further investigates the effect of healthy aging on performance. Subjects performed the LCT in its standard pen-and-paper administration and with the tablet during fMRI. Performance on the tablet was significantly slower than on pen-and-paper, with both response modes showing slower performance as a function of age. Across all ages, bilateral brain activation was observed in the cerebellum, superior temporal lobe, precentral gyrus, frontal gyrus, and occipital and parietal areas. Increasing age correlated with reduced brain activity in the supplementary motor area, middle occipital gyrus, medial and inferior frontal gyrus, cerebellum and putamen. Better LCT performance was correlated with increased activity in the middle frontal gyrus, and reduced activity in the cerebellum. The brain regions activated are associated with visuospatial attention and motor control, and are consistent with the neural correlates of LCT performance previously identified in lesion studies.