Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dental Fear Assessment for Children in Saudi Arabia Using the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Dental fear is defined as a subjective state of feeling or a reaction to a dental source of danger such as needles or hand pieces. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dental fear and the associated factors in Saudi children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey-based study that utilized the translated and validated Arabic version of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) on a total of 374 participants. It has used Spearman’s correlation analysis to determine the correlation between the CFSS-DS items and the reported scores. Results: A total 374 participants were included in the study. Among these, 77% were female and 23% were male. Moreover, most children (62%) attended private schools while the remaining (38%) attended government schools. The total mean CFSS-DS score for the study population was 24.7±7.2. Female children had significantly higher total mean CFSS-DS scores than males (25.2±6.9 versus 22.8±7.6, respectively, p= 0.007). Moreover, patients who attended private schools had higher total mean CFSS-DS scores than patients who attended government schools (25.4±6.9 versus 23.4±7.5, respectively, p= 0.008). Our results also indicate that all of the CFSS-DS items show significant correlations and scores (p< 0.001), with injections being the most feared practice (r= 0.64). Conclusion: Our results indicate a high degree of fear and anxiety among Saudi children towards dental practices, with injections being the most feared practice. Creative ideas should be considered when approaching children with a high probability of developing fear.
Sex, Drugs, and Genes: Illuminating the Moral Condemnation of Recreational Drugs

Over the past decade, evolutionary psychologists have proposed that many moral stances function to promote self-interests. At the same time, behavioral geneticists have demonstrated that many moral stances have genetic bases. We integrated these perspectives by examining how moral condemnation of recreational drug use relates to sexual strategy (i.e., being more vs. less open to sex outside of a committed relationship) in a sample of Finnish twins and siblings (N = 8,118). Twin modeling suggested that genetic factors accounted for 53%, 46%, and 41% of the variance in drug condemnation, sociosexuality, and sexual-disgust sensitivity, respectively. Further, approximately 75% of the phenotypic covariance between drug condemnation and sexual strategy was accounted for by genes, and there was substantial overlap in the genetic effects underlying both drug condemnation and sexual strategy (rg = .41). Results are consistent with the proposal that some moral sentiments are calibrated to promote strategic sexual interests, which arise partially via genetic factors.
Incubation temperatures, hatching success and congenital anomalies in green turtle nests from Guanahacabibes Peninsula, Cuba

Elevated incubation temperatures of sea turtle nests decrease hatching success and alter the resulting hatchlings' morphology. There is an absence of studies assessing the relationships between temperature and hatching success in Cuba, even when they could improve understanding the limits of thermal tolerance in these species. This study evaluated the influence of incubation temperature on hatching success and phenotypic malformations in green turtle hatchlings (Chelonia mydas); and analyzed the temporal variation in hatching success on the studied beaches. In 48 green turtles nests distributed along two beaches, incubation temperature and hatching success were recorded between 2014 and 2019. Increasing incubation temperature caused a decrease in the hatching success and an increase in the frequency of supernumerary scutes. Despite the elevated temperatures (average > 30°C), hatching was higher than 80%. Significant differences in hatching success were only observed among seasons for nests in Antonio Beach (lower values in 2016 and 2019 compared to 2014).
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage in Class II Cavity in Primary Molars Restored With Glass Ionomer Cement, Zirconomer, and Cention N Using Stereomicroscope: An In Vitro Study

Background: Microleakage is defined as the passage of bacteria, fluid, molecules or ions between the cavity walls and restorative material. There are limited studies in the literature that have compared the microleakage of the newer restorative materials. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare and evaluate microleakage in Class II cavity in primary molars restored with glass ionomer cement, zirconomer and cention N using stereomicroscope. Method: Standardized Class II cavities were prepared on the extracted primary molars All the prepared samples were divided into 3 experimental groups and were restored as follows: Group I- GIC (GC Universal Restorative); Group II- Zirconomer (SHOFU Inc., Kyoto, Japan) and Group III- Cention-N (Ivoclar Vivadent). The restored teeth were thermocycled, immersed in methylene blue dye and sectioned along the mesiodistal direction. The dye penetration at the occlusal surface and cervical surface was evaluated and compared using a stereo-microscope. Data was analysed using Krushal-Wallis test (Non-parametric ANOVA). Results: Among the three restorative materials, Cention N as compared to GIC and Zirconomer showed least microleakage at both the occlusal surface and cervical surface. Conclusion: Cention N a newer restorative material displayed lesser microleakage as compared to GIC and Zirconomer.
Excess refractive index, polarizability, polarization and the molar volume of some mixed solvents

The refractive indices and the densities of (1) protic-protic solvent mixtures (ethanol-n-propanol, ethanol-n-butanol and n-propanol-water), (2) aprotic-aprotic solvent mixtures (DMSO-DMF, DMSO-DI (1,4-dioxane) and DMF-DI) and (3) aprotic-protic solvent mixtures (DMSO, DI-methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol) were measured experimentally at different temperatures. From the values of the measured refractive indices and the densities, the excess refractive indices, the atomic polarizations, the molar refractions, the molar volumes, the solvated radii and the polarizabilities of the mentioned mixed solvents were calculated and discussed. The results showed that, the solvent-solvent interaction reaches maximum value at definite mole fraction of each solvent depending on the nature of the solvent. Also the excess refractive indices, the densities and the atomic polarizations were found to decrease as the temperature increase. On the other hand, the molar volumes, the solvated radii, the molar refractions and the polarizabilities were found to increase as the temperature increases.
Impact of organizational justice on Job performance in Nepalese Quality Assurance Accredited (QAA) College

Performance of employees’ directly affect the performance of the organizations. Employees’ performance is a core concept within work and organizational psychology. The leader of organization must provide proper attention on employees’ personal needs and concerns. Justice provides psychological empowerment and create a positive perceptions. This study added value by exploring the direct and combined effects of justice dimensions on employees job performance. This study concludes that there is positive significant relationship between perceived distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice and job performance of Nepalese QAA Colleges.
Event-Triggered Adaptive Optimal Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Under Denial-of-Service Attacks

This article develops an event-based adaptive optimal fast terminal sliding mode control (AOFTSMC) under malicious denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. It is supposed that the transmitted measurement signals are ruined by attackers randomly. A key issue is how to design the controller parameters to keep the desirable performance of the closed-loop system under DoS attacks which are characterized by their frequencies and durations. To this end, the event-based AOFTSMC is proposed first to increase robustness against the attack and reduce the computational load. Then, an explicit effect of the duration and frequency of DoS attacks on the stability of the closed-loop systems under the presented controller is analyzed. Moreover, the scheduling of controller updating times is determined. This leads to derive the maximum bandwidth of the cyber layer which is required to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system. Then, the designer can outline suitable controller parameters in different situations in the presence of uncertainties and DoS attacks. Finally, numerical simulation results illustrate the validation and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Larval morphology of the water beetle Ochthebius balfourbrownei (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) from marine rockpools of Cape Verde Islands

The morphology of larval instars I, II and III of the water beetle Ochthebius ( Cobalius ) balfourbrownei Jäch, 1989 from Cape Verde Islands is described and illustrated for the first time, by scanning electron microscopy, with a special emphasis on their chaetotaxy and porotaxy. Specimens used in this study were collected with adults of the same species in marine rockpools. A detailed description of characters is provided for comparison with the other members of the same genus inhabiting the marine rockpools, and illustrations of the diagnostic features are presented, with the aim of providing information useful for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of the genus Ochthebius .
Millennials Behavioral Intention in Using Mobile Banking: Integrating Perceived Risk and Trust into TAM (A Survey in Jawa Barat)

To analyze the major factors influencing user acceptance in using mobile banking, this current study integrates the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) model with risk (privacy, financial, security, and time risk), trust, and attitude constructs. This research employed a quantitative approach through an online survey and distributed it through Line, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Instagram. The questionnaire consisted of 46 questions and 400 valid responses received. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the prescient behavior of the proposed components of the research model. All constructs passed the validity and reliability test. Results reveal that risk influences usefulness and ease of use impacts on usefulness. Furthermore, usefulness influences attitude, and usefulness and attitude influence the intention to use mobile banking. Surprisingly, it is found that trust did not influence attitude, and trust and ease of use did not impact on the usage intention mobile banking. Mobile banking related issues are yet to be examined empirically in millennials users, especially in West Java. This research was developed by extending the TAM model with perceived risk with 4 sub-dimensions and trust to reveal the need of acquring mobile banking.
Searching for the cost-optimal road trajectory on the relief of the terrain

The article analyzes the problem of obtaining the cost-optimal trajectory for building a road. Using the apparatus of mathematical modelling, the authors derive the cost functional, the argument of which is the function that describes the path trajectory. The resulting functional after some additional transformations is written in a simpler form. For the problem of the calculus of variations obtained in this manner, an optimality condition is derived. This condition takes into account the specifics of the constructed functional. Unlike the classical Euler—Lagrange condition, it leads not to a differential, but to an integro-differential equation. An illustrative example of the numerical solution of the obtained equation using the methods of computational mathematics is provided.
Prevalence and outcomes of hypertension in pregnancy in non-metropolitan and metropolitan communities

Abstract Objectives Hypertension during pregnancy is a leading cause of birthing parent mortality and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Since non-metropolitan communities face higher rates of several risk factors for hypertension in pregnancy and shortages in obstetrical services, persons residing in non-metropolitan areas may be at increased risk for adverse events compared to those living in metropolitan areas. Our study objectives were to examine by non-metropolitan vs. metropolitan birthing parent residence (1) the prevalence of chronic hypertension (cHTN) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and (2) the prevalence of cesarean delivery, preterm birth, low birth weight, APGAR <7 at 5 min, NICU admission, and stillbirth/neonatal death among the group of birthing parents with cHTN and among the group of birthing parents with HDP. Methods Using U.S. Natality data from 2016 to 2018, we described the prevalence of cHTN and HDP and the association of each with several birthing parent and neonatal outcomes, stratified by non-metropolitan versus metropolitan county of birthing parent residence. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios for these adverse outcomes. Results The prevalence of cHTN among pregnant individuals was 2.2% in non-metropolitan areas and 1.8% in metropolitan areas. For HDP, the prevalence was 7.4% in non-metropolitan areas and 6.6% in metropolitan areas. After adjusting for several sociodemographic characteristics among those with HDP, the prevalence ratio for an APGAR score < 7 at 5 min (aPR 1.34, 95% CI 1.29–1.38) and stillbirth/neonatal death (aPR 1.36, 95% CI 1.15–1.62) was increased among offspring born to birthing parents who resided in non-metropolitan counties. Similar results were seen among those with cHTN. Conclusions The prevalence of cHTN and HDP is elevated among birthing parents residing in non-metropolitan areas. Also, the prevalence of APGAR <7 and stillbirth//neonatal death following pregnancies complicated by hypertension were higher among neonates born to birthing parents residing in non-metropolitan areas. Further research should investigate the robustness of these findings using alternate definitions of rural and urban areas and the possible link between low APGAR score, low NICU admission, and stillbirth/neonatal death among birthing parents residing in non-metropolitan counties.
Systematic transition from boundary extension to contraction along an object-to-scene continuum

After viewing a picture of an environment, our memory of it typically extends beyond what was presented, a phenomenon referred to as boundary extension. But, sometimes memory errors show the opposite pattern—boundary contraction—and the relationship between these phenomena is controversial. We constructed virtual three-dimensional environments and created a series of views at different distances, from object close-ups to wide-angle indoor views, and tested for memory errors along this object-to-scene continuum. Boundary extension was evident for close-scale views and transitioned parametrically to boundary contraction for far-scale views. However, this transition point was not tied to a specific position in the environment (e.g., the point of reachability). Instead, it tracked with judgments of the best-looking view of the environment, in both rich-object and low-object environments. We offer a dynamic-tension account, where competition between object-based and scene-based affordances determines whether a view will extend or contract in memory. This study demonstrates that boundary extension and boundary contraction are not two separate phenomena but rather two parts of a continuum, suggesting a common underlying mechanism. The transition point between the two is not fixed but depends on the observer's judgment of the best-looking view of the environment. These findings provide new insights into how we perceive and remember a view of environment.
Predictors of Satisfaction of Family Medicine Academy Trainers in Family Medicine Residency Training in Saudi Arabia

This study aims to identify the predictors of job satisfaction and perceived barriers of high-quality training among Faculty Members in the Family Medicine Postgraduate Program. This study is a cross-sectional quantitative study with a sample size of 50 trainers in the Family Medicine Postgraduate training program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A validated survey was used, and the items' response categories were on the 5 Likert Scale. The data was collected through a web-based survey link, and focus group interviews were conducted to stress needs and recommendations. From 50 trainers, 32 have responded to the job satisfaction survey. Among them, 69.7% reported they were satisfied or very satisfied with their jobs (9.1% and 60.6% reported being very satisfied and satisfied, respectively). Of all the statistically significant Job satisfaction predictors, six were Trainers’ rating of their Administrative Department, one was a health status variable, and two were among burnout rating. Job satisfaction is a Multi-Dimensional construct that includes stress and burnout variables and depends on the trainers’ perception of their work-life experience and environment. Although the job satisfaction among Family Medicine training was high, further efforts should be implemented to improve the job life and satisfaction by addressing multiple constructs.
Validation of a Cloud-Base Temperature-Based Single-Layer Cloud Model for Estimating Surface Longwave Downward Radiation

As one of the four components of surface radiation balance, surface longwave downward radiation (SLDR) greatly affects the accurate characterization of hydrological, ecological, and biochemical processes. Since cloud-base temperature (CBT)-based single-layer cloud models (SLCMs) have advantages in both their strong physical mechanisms and abilities to produce high spatial resolution SLDR products, this study validated a CBT-based SLCM developed at the global scale using in situ observations collected by the baseline surface radiation network (BSRN) in conjunction with Aqua and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud products and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis For Research And Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis data. Overall, the CBT-based SLCM achieved a relatively high SLDR estimation accuracy for the Terra and Aqua satellites, with biases better than −1.2 W/m2 and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) values better than 29.9 W/m2. However, its random RMSE was slightly worse than those of two Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) SLDR products due to the larger spatial variability that exists at the Earth’s surface when it is quantified at a high spatial resolution (1 km). Additionally, the CBT-based SLCM outperformed two existing cloud-top temperature (CTT)-based SLCMs. In the future, we will continue to improve the performance of the CBT-based SLCM and will update the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) SLDR product under cloudy sky conditions.
Trace elements and organochlorine pollutants in selected fish species from Lake Phewa, Nepal

ABSTRACT Lake water and fish livers and gills of sahar (Tor putitora), spiny eel (Mastacembelus armatus), African magur (Clarias gariepinus), and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Phewa, Nepal, were assessed for the concentrations of trace metals/elements and persistent organic pollutants. The lake water was neutral with low ionic and metallic concentrations as compared to high-altitude lakes of Nepal. The four elements Cu, Zn, Se, and Cd had highest concentrations in livers, indicating uptake from diet, whereas four other metallic elements Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb had highest concentrations in gills, indicating uptake from lake water. O. niloticus tended to have most of trace metals in the liver at higher concentrations than the other species but significant differences among the different species were found only for Mn, Ni, and Zn in the gills. A pilot study on the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in muscle revealed that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and related compounds were the dominant organochlorine pesticides, having highest concentrations in C. gariepinus and lowest in O. niloticus.
Comprehensive corrective feedback in second language writing: The response of individual error categories

While the literature on the effect of comprehensive corrective feedback (CF) on overall accuracy is abundant, the body of work employing such a scope to explore error treatability is not, especially when it comes to blended (cf. Ferris, 2010) design studies. Consequently, this investigation extends the analyses from the data set of Bonilla et al. (2018) to report on individual linguistic features. Specifically, to address crucial amenabilityrelated questions in need of perusal, the present blended design study explores the effect of two types of comprehensive CF (with direct correction and metalinguistic codes) on the treatability of separate grammatical and non-grammatical structures. To this end, a group of EFL learners (N = 139) were required to do editing that involved error-correction, deferred (on a draft), and focused on language as well as to produce two independent essays (in an immediate and a delayed posttest). Main results from logistic regression (to test the effect in revised essays) and mixed-effect models (to test the effect on independent essays) render seven variables that can explain correctability differences: out of those, three have also explained overall accuracy gains (cf. Bonilla et al., 2018), one has not been identified thus far, and three consolidate themselves as relevant factors under other conditions as well. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are discussed.
Enrichment of chicken table eggs with lycopene and astaxanthin

Ensuring an attractive commercial appearance of egg yolks involves the introduction to the feed of laying hens of the dyes of various origins. Recently, egg producers have preferred natural dyes, which include carotenoids: lycopene and astaxanthin, which can be deposited in chicken egg yolks. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of egg yolks, colour intensity and carotenoid composition of yolks when oil extracts of lycopene (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg feed) or astaxanthin (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg feed) are included in the chickens’ diet. 45 High Line W36 chickens at the age of 24 weeks were used for the experiment. Feeding laying hens with supplements of lycopene oil extracts at doses of 30, 40 and 60 mg/kg and astaxanthin at doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg of feed for 30 days in increasing concentrations did not affect egg weight, albumen height, Haugh unit, strength and the thickness of the shell. The addition of lycopene to the diet of chickens at doses of 20 mg/kg of feed increased the content of lycopene, unidentified carotenoids and the total content of carotenoids in the yolks, but did not change the intensity of their colour. Increasing the dose of lycopene in the diet of chickens to 40 and 60 mg/kg of feed increased the content of lycopene in yolks and the intensity of their colour to 7.4 and 8.0 points against 5.6–6.1 points in the control, but did not affect the content of β-carotene and total carotenoids in the yolks. The addition of astaxanthin oil extract at doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg of feed increased the content of astaxanthin, β-carotene and total carotenoids in chicken egg yolks and increased the intensity of their colour to 12.8, 14.8 and 14.4 points on a 16-point colour scale YolkFanTM. To obtain chicken table eggs with a given colour of the yolks, it is advisable to use the addition of astaxanthin oil extract in doses from 10 to 20 mg/kg of feed for 30 days. The results of the research can be used to develop a technology for the production of functional table eggs enriched with carotenoids of natural origin with an attractive colour for consumers.