Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Banana Slices During Osmotic Dehydration

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sodium metabisulfite and 4-hexylresorcinol on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity change in banana slices during osmotic dehydration in sucrose syrup. From a previous study only three osmotic dehydration conditions were selected as the most adequate due to color change but also where PPO residual activity was still present after osmotic drying: T1 (60°Bx, 50°C, pH 6), T2 (60°Bx, 60°C, pH 8), and T3 (70°Bx, 50°C, pH 8). The level of sodium metabisulfite was varied from 100 to 1000 ppm and 4-hexylresorcinol from 10 to 100 ppm. The inner and outer parts of the banana slice were used for PPO activity determination at 302 nm with 4 methyl-catechol as a substrate. During osmotic dehydration of a banana slice, PPO activity tended to decrease and residual enzymatic activity was still detected. Sodium metabisulfite concentration up to 200 ppm and 4-hexylresorcinol up to 50 ppm had no effect on PPO residual activity after 4 h of osmotic dehydration. Depending on the process conditions, a higher concentration of additives than these were necessary to control PPO activity during osmotic dehydration of banana slices.
Sense of coherence can predict hope in older adults: a cross-lagged analysis

Abstract Objectives This study examined the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC) and hope in older adults from a longitudinal perspective. Method 271 older adults completed self-reported questionnaires assessing hope and SOC at 3 time points: at intake, at a 6-month follow-up, and at a 12-month follow-up. A cross-lagged panel model was used to examine the relationship between SOC and hope. Results The results showed that SOC was significantly associated with the level of hope in the older adults at all three time points. The cross-lagged analysis showed that the lagged effect of SOC on hope was significant, whereas the lagged effect of the level of hope on SOC was nonsignificant. Conclusion These results indicated that SOC predicted the level of hope 6 months later and may be helpful for guiding older adults to increase their hope for the future through strategies aimed at improving their SOC.
Efficacy and safety of ofatumumab and bendamustine followed by ofatumumab maintenance in patients with relapsed indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma after prior rituximab

Abstract In indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (iNHL), patients treated with rituximab, alone or in combination with various chemotherapeutic agents eventually relapse. This study evaluated the combination of ofatumumab and bendamustine, followed by maintenance ofatumumab in patients with relapsed iNHL with prior sensitivity to rituximab. Among the 49 patients enrolled, 24.5% achieved a complete response (CR) and 42.9% achieved a partial response (PR), with an overall response rate of 67.3% at the end of the induction therapy. Additionally, six patients with PR during induction phase achieved CR during the maintenance phase. Treatment-related adverse event was observed in 95.9% patients. The most common hematologic and biochemical abnormalities were decrease in lymphocytes (85.7%) and increase in glucose (91.8%), respectively. Overall, 42.9% progressed and 14.3% died during the study. Thus, ofatumumab in combination with bendamustine, followed by ofatumumab maintenance, was effective in the treatment of patients with iNHL with a manageable safety profile (NCT01294579).
Clinical effectiveness of early treatment with paliperidone palmitate in schizophrenia: A retrospective real‐world study in South Korea

Long‐acting injectable antipsychotic agents (LAIs) including paliperidone palmitate (PP) have shown promising results in preventing relapse and rehospitalization in schizophrenia. This study aimed to ascertain the comparative real‐world effectiveness between the early and late administration of PP and oral formulations of risperidone and paliperidone (ORPs) in patients experiencing a first episode or relapse of schizophrenia.
Effects of Irrigation Regime and Plant Density on Essential Oil Composition of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)

The chemical composition of essential oil of Matricaria chamomilla was determined at four irrigation regimes (irrigation after 25, 50, 75, and 100 mm evaporation from class A pan, I1, I2, I3, and I4, respectively) under five plant densities (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm intra-row spacing with constant inter-row spacing of 30 cm, D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively). Results of gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analyses of essential oil showed that the main components in all treatments were azulene-7-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl (chamazulene), limonene, bisabolol oxides A and B, trans-β-farnesene, bisabolone oxide and isobornyl isobutyrate<8-isobutyryloxy>. Analysis of variance for 33 constituents showed differences in Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, Chamazulene, para-cymene, trans-β-ocimene and β–selinene. The highest concentrations of Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (0.29%) and β–selinene (0.08%) were obtained from I1 and I2, and the lowest from I3 (0.17%) and I4 (0.02%), respectively. The highest concentrations of Chamazulene (18.32%) and β–selinene (0.10%) were obtained from D3 and D1 and the lowest from D1 (15.10%) and all other plant densities (0.03%), respectively. All irrigation regimes and plant densities had the same concentrations of para-cymene and trans-β-ocimene.
Short-Time Impact of Soil Amendments with Medicago Plant Materials on Soil Nematofauna

Soil amendments with plant materials from Medicago species are widely acknowledged for a suppressive effect on plant-parasitic nematodes but their impact on beneficial components of soil nematofauna is still unknown. A study on potted tomato was carried out to investigate the short-time effects on the overall nematofauna of dry biomasses from six different Medicago species, i.e., M. sativa, M. heyniana, M. hybrida, M. lupulina, M. murex and M. truncatula, incorporated to natural soil at 10, 20, or 40 g kg−1 soil rates. All amendments resulted in a significant decrease of the total nematofauna biomass, whereas total abundance was significantly reduced only by M. heyniana, M. hybrida, and M. lupulina biomasses. Almost all the Medicago amendments significantly reduced the relative abundance of plant-parasites and root fungal feeders. All amendments significantly increased the abundance of bacterivores, whereas fungivores significantly increased only in soil amended with M. heyniana, M. lupulina and M. sativa plant materials. Mesorhabditis and Rhabditis were the most abundant genera of bacterivores, whereas Aphelenchoides and Aphelenchus prevailed among the fungivores. Predators were poorly influenced by all the tested Medicago biomasses, whereas the abundance of omnivores was negatively affected by M. heyniana and M. lupulina. Values of the Maturity Index and Sum Maturity Index were reduced by treatments with M. heyniana, M. hybrida, M. lupulina and M. sativa plant materials, whereas most of the tested amendments decreased values of the Channel Index while increasing those of the Enrichment Index. Enrichment and bacterivore footprints raised following soil addition with Medicago biomasses, whereas composite and fungivore footprints were significantly reduced. According to their overall positive effects on soil nematofauna, amendments with Medicago plant materials or their formulated derivatives could represent an additional tool for a sustainable management of plant-parasitic nematodes.
In-Site and Ex-Site Date Palm Exposure to Heavy Metals Involved Infra-Individual Biomarkers Upregulation

As a tree of considerable importance in arid regions—date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. survival in contaminated areas of Sfax city has drawn our attention. Leaf samples of the plants grown in the study area showed high levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr). On the basis of this finding, the cellular mechanisms that explain these metal accumulations were investigated in controlled conditions. After four months of exposure to Cd, Cr, or Cu, high bioconcentration and translocation factor (TF > 1) have been shown for date palm plantlets exposed to Cd and low TF values were obtained for plantlets treated with Cr and Cu. Moreover, accumulation of oxidants and antioxidant enzyme activities occurred in exposed roots to Cu and Cd. Secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, were enhanced in plants exposed at low metal concentrations and declined thereafter. Accumulation of flavonoids in cells may be correlated with the expression of the gene encoding Pdmate5, responsible for the transport of secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids. Other transporter genes responded positively to metal incorporation, especially Pdhma2, but also Pdabcc and Pdnramp6. The latter would be a new candidate gene sensitive to metallic stress in plants. Expressions of gene coding metal chelators were also investigated. Pdpcs1 and Pdmt3 exhibited a strong induction in plants exposed to Cr. These modifications of the expression of some biochemical and molecular based-markers in date palm helped to better understand the ability of the plant to tolerate metals. They could be useful in assessing heavy metal contaminations in polluted soils and may improve accumulation capacity of other plants.
Diffusion-weighted Imaging Allows for Downgrading MR BI-RADS 4 Lesions in Contrast-enhanced MRI of the Breast to Avoid Unnecessary Biopsy

Purpose: Diffusion-weighted imaging with the calculation of an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) has been proposed as a quantitative biomarker on contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) of the breast. There is a need to approve a generalizable ADC cutoff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a predefined ADC cutoff allows downgrading of BI-RADS 4 lesions on CE-MRI, avoiding unnecessary biopsies. Experimental Design: This was a retrospective, multicentric, cross-sectional study. Data from five centers were pooled on the individual lesion level. Eligible patients had a BI-RADS 4 rating on CE-MRI. For each center, two breast radiologists evaluated the images. Data on lesion morphology (mass, non-mass), size, and ADC were collected. Histology was the standard of reference. A previously suggested ADC cutoff (≥1.5 × 10−3 mm2/second) was applied. A negative likelihood ratio of 0.1 or lower was considered as a rule-out criterion for breast cancer. Diagnostic performance indices were calculated by ROC analysis. Results: There were 657 female patients (mean age, 42; SD, 14.1) with 696 BI-RADS 4 lesions included. Disease prevalence was 59.5% (414/696). The area under the ROC curve was 0.784. Applying the investigated ADC cutoff, sensitivity was 96.6% (400/414). The potential reduction of unnecessary biopsies was 32.6% (92/282). Conclusions: An ADC cutoff of ≥1.5 × 10−3 mm2/second allows downgrading of lesions classified as BI-RADS 4 on breast CE-MRI. One-third of unnecessary biopsies could thus be avoided.
Effect of photobiomodulation with 810 and 940 nm diode lasers on human gingival fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND The growth and proliferation of gingival fibroblasts are important in the process of oral wound healing, and photobiomodulation (PBM) might be able to modify this process. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study was to evaluate the biomodulatory effect of a single session of laser PBM by means of 810 nm and 940 nm diode lasers alone and their combined application with different fluencies on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Cells were provided by the Pasteur Institute, the National Cell Bank of Iran (NCBI) (C-165). Laser irradiation was carried out using 810 nm, 940 nm and 810 nm + 940 nm in the continuous wave (CW) mode, 100 mW, and energy densities of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 J/cm2. Cell viability was evaluated at 24 h with the MTT assay. Trypan blue staining was used to evaluate proliferation 24, 48 and 72 h after laser therapy. Propidium iodine was used to stain DNA and the cell nucleus. RESULTS Laser irradiation (810 nm, 0.5 J/cm2) increased the viability of gingival fibroblasts, while this dose had an inhibitory effect with 940 nm. No positive effect on cell viability was found with other settings at 24 h. The viability results were not statistically different from those of the control in the dual wavelength group. At all single-laser irradiation doses, the cell proliferation results were lower as compared to the control at 48 and 72 h. The dual wavelength group results were significantly better than those of the control for the 1.5 J/cm2 and 2.5 J/cm2 energy densities (p < 0.001). Propidium iodine staining showed no negative effect of laser irradiation on the cell nucleus in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS Although a single irradiation dose of 810 nm, 0.5 J/cm2, resulted in a positive effect on cell viability at 24 h, no statistically significant stimulatory effect on viability and proliferation was observed for the other single wavelength group. When a combination of the 2 wavelengths was used, better results were observed as compared to the control, which needs to be further investigated in future studies.
Prognostic role of procalcitonin in ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock

Objective Cardiogenic shock accounts for the majority of deaths amongst patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Procalcitonin is elevated in acute myocardial infarction, especially when complicated by left heart failure, cardiogenic shock, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and bacterial infections. However, the prognostic utility of procalcitonin in ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock has not been systematically evaluated. Methods We performed a retrospective registry review of 125 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock over 2 years at a tertiary referral hospital to examine the prognostic value of serum procalcitonin measurement at 24 hours after the onset of infarction for in-hospital mortality. Results The mean age of the study population was 57.75 ± 11.1 years, and the median delay from onset to hospital admission was 15 hours. The in-hospital mortality was 28.8%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a strong relationship between elevated procalcitonin and in-hospital mortality (area under the curve = 0.676; p = 0.002). Although procalcitonin was found to be higher in non-survivors in univariate analysis, it was not an independent predictor of mortality in multivariate regression analysis. Acute kidney injury, left ventricular ejection fraction, and non-revascularization were independently associated with mortality after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion Although procalcitonin was higher in non-survivors, static procalcitonin measurement at 24 hours after the onset of ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock was not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. Additional prospective studies are required to assess the role of serial procalcitonin monitoring in ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock.
Interfacial-engineering enhanced performance and stability of ZnO nanowire-based perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to their convenient fabrication and excellent photoelectric characteristics. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 25% has been realized. However, ZnO as electron transport layer based PSCs exhibit inferior PCE and stability because of the mismatched energy-band and undesirable interfacial recombination. Here, we introduce a thin layer of SnO2 nanocrystals to construct an interfacial engineering with gradient energy band and interfacial passivation via a facile wet chemical process at a low temperature. The best PCE obtained in this study reaches 18.36%, and the stability is substantially improved and maintains a PCE of almost 100% over 500 h. The low-temperature fabrication process facilitates the future application of ZnO/SnO2-based PSCs in flexible and stretchable electronics.
Infant temperament, early-childhood parenting, and early-adolescent development: Testing alternative models of Parenting × Temperament interaction

Abstract Here we evaluate whether infant difficult temperament (6 months) functions as a vulnerability or more general plasticity factor when investigating effects of early-childhood parenting (8–42 months) on both positive and negative early-adolescent socioemotional development (age 8–11 years). Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 14,541) and a re-parameterized model-testing approach to distinguish alternative person × environment conceptual models, results indicated that temperament × parenting interacted in predicting externalizing (i.e., hyperactivity, conduct problems), but not other behavior (i.e., emotional symptoms, peer problems), in a (weak) differential susceptibility manner. While more and less supportive parenting predicted, respectively, fewer and more behavior problems, it did so more strongly for children who were more difficult as infants.
Orbitofrontal State Representations Are Related to Choice Adaptations and Reward Predictions

Animals can categorize the environment into “states,” defined by unique sets of available action-outcome contingencies in different contexts. Doing so helps them choose appropriate actions and make accurate outcome predictions when in each given state. State maps have been hypothesized to be held in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), an area implicated in decision-making and encoding information about outcome predictions. Here we recorded neural activity in OFC in 6 male rats to test state representations. Rats were trained on an odor-guided choice task consisting of five trial blocks containing distinct sets of action-outcome contingencies, constituting states, with unsignaled transitions between them. OFC neural ensembles were analyzed using decoding algorithms. Results indicate that the vast majority of OFC neurons contributed to representations of the current state at any point in time, independent of odor cues and reward delivery, even at the level of individual neurons. Across state transitions, these representations gradually integrated evidence for the new state; the rate at which this integration happened in the prechoice part of the trial was related to how quickly the rats' choices adapted to the new state. Finally, OFC representations of outcome predictions, often thought to be the primary function of OFC, were dependent on the accuracy of OFC state representations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A prominent hypothesis proposes that orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) tracks current location in a “cognitive map” of state space. Here we tested this idea in detail by analyzing neural activity recorded in OFC of rats performing a task consisting of a series of states, each defined by a set of available action-outcome contingencies. Results show that most OFC neurons contribute to state representations and that these representations are related to the rats' decision-making and OFC reward predictions. These findings suggest new interpretations of emotional dysregulation in pathologies, such as addiction, which have long been known to be related to OFC dysfunction.
Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in migrant workers: A population based study

Background: The prevalence of mental health problems and substance abuse in the migrant population is higher than the general population. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence and pattern of mental health issues and substance use in the migrant population and highlight the association with the reverse migration of migrant workers. Methodology: The field staff visited the shelter homes for migrant population in four cities of Northern India (Chandigarh (UT), Bhatinda (Punjab), Panchkula (Haryana) and Jaipur (Rajasthan). After maintaining the social distance and wearing masks by the staff and migrants, written informed consent was taken for participation in the study. The socio-demographic details of reverse migrants were noted down and Hindi version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for mental health problems and screening tool for pattern of substance abuse was administered. Geographically matched undisplaced were also administered these tools. Results: A total of 275 reverse migrants and 276 undisplaced were included in the study. The prevalence of ever use for all the substances among reverse migrants was 44.4% (122/275) and among undisplaced, it was 45.3%. The prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis was higher than the general population. The prevalence of at least one diagnosis on PHQ-9 is 13.45% (reverse migrants 19.3% and undisplaced 7.6) and the prevalence of other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants (17.1%) than undisplaced (4.0%). Conclusion: The study concludes that prevalence of mental health issues and substance abuse in migrant population is significantly higher than the general population and the prevalence of at least one diagnosis and other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants than undisplaced.
Moderately High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing to Reduce Production Costs of Shredded Cheese: Microstructure, Texture, and Sensory Properties of Shredded Milled Curd Cheddar

ABSTRACT: Short and moderate hydrostatic pressure (MHP) treatments accelerated the shredability of Cheddar cheese. Both MHP (345 MPa for 3 and 7 min) and higher pressure (483 MPa for 3 and 7 min) treatments applied to 1-d milled curd Cheddar cheese induced immediately a microstructure resembling that of ripened cheese. Unripened pressure-treated Cheddar cheese yielded shreds with visual and tactile sensory properties similar to those obtained from untreated 27-d-old Cheddar cheese. All pressure treatments reduced the presence of crumbles, increased mean shred particle length, improved length uniformity, and enhanced surface smoothness. Sensory evaluations showed that shredded samples of 1-d MHP-treated cheese and 27-d untreated cheese had similar sensory attributes. Pressure treatments did not affect mechanical properties of ripened cheese and milk protein proteolysis was not inhibited. These results showed that MHP would allow processors to shred milled curd Cheddar cheese immediately after block cooling with expected refrigerated storage savings of more than $30 US/1000 kg cheese and could simplify the handling of cheese for shredding. Shreds from unripened milled curd Cheddar cheese can thus be produced with high visual acceptability and improved tactile handling using moderate levels of hydrostatic pressure.
Is the Symbol Digit Modalities Test a useful outcome in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis?

It is unclear which cognitive outcome measure is the most useful for clinical trials in multiple sclerosis. To investigate the usefulness of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) as a clinical outcome measure in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), we describe the frequency of worsening and improvement events in a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) dataset.