Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of the volume of restorative material on the concentration of stresses in the restorative interface

Background To evaluate the microtensile strength in the adhesive interface depending on the volume of the composite resin used to restore class I cavities. Material and Methods Forty-eight human third molars received a standardized class I cavity preparation and they were separated into six experimental groups: G1 – single-bottle adhesive system; G2 - bonding system with load; G3 – single-bottle adhesive associated with low-viscosity composite resin; G4 – loaded adhesive associated with low-viscosity composite; G5 - resin-modified glass ionomer associated with single-bottle adhesive; and G6 - resin-modified glass ionomer associated with loaded adhesive. All cavities were restored with a universal restorative composite. After completing the restorations, the samples were stored for seven days in a stove (37°C) and the microtensile bond strength was evaluated by producing slices and applying axial loading in an Instron universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. The thickness of the intermediate layer formed on the cavity floor to verify the relationship between the volume of restorative composite and the concentration of stresses in the buccal wall. With the data obtained in the microtensile strength test, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed entirely at random. Results Duncan’s test showed that group 4 (Filtek Flow/Optibond Solo Plus) obtained the highest mean of microtensile strength with no statistically significant difference to groups 3 (Filtek Flow/Single Bond), 5 (Vitremer/Single Bond), and 6 (Vitremer/Optibond Solo Plus). It also showed a statistically significant difference to groups 2 (Optibond Solo Plus) and 1 (Single Bond), with no statistical difference between the other groups studied. Conclusions The highest mean of microtensile strength was obtained when the volume of the restorative material decreased through the interposition between the material and the adhesive system of a base with low elasticity modulus. Key words:Adhesion, microtensile, composite resin.
Parachute-Induced Pectoralis Major Tears in Military Servicemembers: What Is the Functional Recovery?

Background: Although the most common injury mechanism for pectoralis major (PM) tears is an eccentric loading mechanism typically caused by bench pressing, within the military, there is a unique injury mechanism associated with airborne operations. The results of operative repair for these parachute-induced PM tears have not been previously reported. Purpose/Hypothesis: To assess the functional outcomes in military servicemembers undergoing operative repair of parachute-induced PM tears. We hypothesized that functional recovery would be impaired with delayed surgical intervention. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were active duty military servicemembers who underwent operative repair for PM tears caused by a parachute-induced mechanism. Charts were reviewed to identify characteristic, injury, and surgical variables. Patients completed the functional outcome assessment with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaires. Outcomes were compared between patients treated within 6 weeks of injury and those treated beyond 6 weeks. Results: Of the 68 identified PM tears, 25 were the result of parachute-induced mechanisms. A total of 13 patients consented and completed the functional outcome assessment. The mean patient age was 30.6 ± 6.4 years, and the mean follow-up period was 5.46 ± 1.26 years. Ten patients underwent repair within 6 weeks of injury, and the remaining 3 patients underwent repair at a mean of 338 days after injury (95% CI, -42.8 to 718.8 days), a significant difference between groups (P = .006). All 13 patients were able to return to military duties at a mean of 6 months from injury. Patients treated within 6 weeks of injury had significantly higher functional outcomes (DASH score, 6.17 vs 26.67; P = .018; ASES score, 85.97 vs 49.5; P = .008), with greater strength performance compared with preinjury (bench press, 90.58% vs 38.95%; P = .0057; push-ups, 81.9% vs 23.8%; P = .023) compared with patients treated beyond 6 weeks of injury. Conclusion: Operative repair of parachute-induced PM tears within 6 weeks of injury provided a superior functional and strength recovery when compared with delayed surgical repair. Acute repair should be recommended for military servicemembers who experience this unique injury mechanism.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suboptimal Daily Peak Inspiratory Flow and Technique Misuse of Dry Powder Inhalers in Outpatients with Stable Chronic Airway Diseases

Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of suboptimal daily peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and technical misuse of three commonly used dry powder inhalers (DPIs) in outpatients with stable chronic airway diseases. Patients and Methods Included in this study were 85 outpatients with stable asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO) and had previously used any of Turbuhaler® (TUR), Diskus® (DIS), HandiHaler® (HAN) between December 2018 and September 2019. The patient’s daily PIF against the resistance of a specific DPI and operation technique was investigated by two pharmacists by using In-Check DIAL G16 and a checklist. Results Of the 85 patients, the proportion of patients with a suboptimal daily PIF and technical misuse was 38.8% and 65.9%, respectively. In logistic regression, we observed that the factors that increase the risk for suboptimal daily PIF were age (OR=1.06) and combination with respiratory diseases (OR = 6.59). The factor that decreases the risk for misuse was the higher education level (OR =0.63). Conclusion Even if patients have received training at the time of initial prescription, the standardization of the use of DPIs by patients in our center was still unoptimistic. Age and combined with respiratory diseases were associated with suboptimal PIF. Higher education level decreased the incidence of technique misuse.
Exploring the Effectiveness of PAC Rehabilitation for Elders with Hip Surgery: A Retrospective Study

Background Hip fractures are high risk and high-impact events in the elderly population; despite orthopedic hip surgery, the disability and mortality rate remains significant. The National Health Insurance Agency in Taiwan established a fragility fracture PAC rehabilitation program to provide functional recovery for these patients after the surgery. However, the current literature on PAC rehabilitation is outdated, and there is an urgent need for the re-evaluation of the program. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study that enrolled 159 patients in the PAC rehabilitation program, followed by hip repair surgery. Outcome measures were the differences in participants’ pre- and post-PAC scores in 1) Barthel index, 2) Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and 3) Harris Hip Scores (HHS) as surrogate indicators of the functional status, followed by the analysis of subgroups, including sex, age, site of the fracture, type of procedure, and the number of comorbidities. Results After completing PAC rehabilitation, 86.2% of the patients successfully returned to the community with either home or out-patient rehabilitation. The re-admission rate was 3.1% and 3.8% in 14-days and in 30-days follow up, respectively. The difference in pre- and post-Barthel index, NRS, and HHS showed significant improvement (p<0.001), without significant variations between the subgroups. Additionally, the Barthel index showed a positive correlation to HHS and a negative correlation to NRS. Conclusion This study revealed that the current form of post-surgery fragility fracture PAC program effectively improves functional status, reduces the re-admission rate, and facilitates the patient transition back to the community. The results should improve patients’ and physicians’ confidence in such a program.
The Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Applications and NPK Fertilization ratios on some Morphological and Physiological Traits of Swieteina mahogany seedlings

A potfactorial experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of plants inoculation by four levels from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi spores (zero, 150, 300 and 450±10 spores plant ) with six NPK fertilizer ratios (0:0:0, 0:10:5, 5:10:5, 10:5:5, 5:5:5 and 5:0:5) on the growth traits of Swieteina mahogany seedlings under sandy soil conditions. The inoculums of AM fungi were used as mixed spores for one genus with three species Glomus mosseae, G. etunicatum and G. clarum. The results were shown that the high values in all plant growth parameters and NPK plant uptake in biomass were recorded at plant treated with NPK at ratio 10:05:05 in the presence of 450 AM spores plant. Also the high level of plant chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b and carotenoids were observed at plants treated with 300 AM spores plant at NPK ratio10:05:05. The AM spore’s numbers were increased at NPK fertilization ratio 0:10:05 at all levels of inoculation. While the AM root colonization% was increased by increasing in both addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. The combination between AM fungi and NPK fertilization had better growth effect on increased NPK plant uptake when comparison between other treatments. The positive effects of plant inoculation only by AM fungi were helped S. mahagoni to absorb more nutrients from soil more than plants free from AM treatment.
Do liberals want curbside pickup more than conservatives? Contactless shopping as protectionary action against the COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract Consumers showed a dramatically increased interest in contactless shopping in reaction to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Based on the protection motivation theory, this study investigated how contactless shopping grew as a protectionary action against COVID‐19. Findings from a nationwide online survey (n = 311) confirmed the impact of politicization of the pandemic on consumer responses for contactless shopping intention and the significance of threat and coping appraisals in taking protectionary actions. This study adds knowledge to the existing literature on contactless shopping and protection motivation theory. Results imply that retailers must invest in contactless shopping and provide an in‐store shopping environment that prioritizes the health and safety of shoppers and employees to decrease the threat of virus infection during shopping. However, in doing so, retailers are recommended to develop different marketing strategies regarding contactless shopping based on consumers' political orientations.
Plant history and soil history jointly influence the selection environment for plant species in a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment

Abstract Long‐term biodiversity experiments have shown increasing strengths of biodiversity effects on plant productivity over time. However, little is known about rapid evolutionary processes in response to plant community diversity, which could contribute to explaining the strengthening positive relationship. To address this issue, we performed a transplant experiment with offspring of seeds collected from four grass species in a 14‐year‐old biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment). We used two‐ and six‐species communities and removed the vegetation of the study plots to exclude plant–plant interactions. In a reciprocal design, we transplanted five “home” phytometers (same origin and actual environment), five “away‐same” phytometers (same species richness of origin and actual environment, but different plant composition), and five “away‐different” phytometers (different species richness of origin and actual environment) of the same species in the study plots. In the establishment year, plants transplanted in home soil produced more shoots than plants in away soil indicating that plant populations at low and high diversity developed differently over time depending on their associated soil community and/or conditions. In the second year, offspring of individuals selected at high diversity generally had a higher performance (biomass production and fitness) than offspring of individuals selected at low diversity, regardless of the transplant environment. This suggests that plants at low and high diversity showed rapid evolutionary responses measurable in their phenotype. Our findings provide first empirical evidence that loss of productivity at low diversity is not only caused by changes in abiotic and biotic conditions but also that plants respond to this by a change in their micro‐evolution. Thus, we conclude that eco‐evolutionary feedbacks of plants at low and high diversity are critical to fully understand why the positive influence of diversity on plant productivity is strengthening through time.
A Prospective Study of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cell-Mediated Immune Monitoring and Cytomegalovirus Infection in Patients With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Receiving Immunosuppressants

Abstract Background The effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) on CMV infection in patients with autoimmune diseases receiving immunosuppressants have not been explored. Methods Patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were preemptively monitored for clinically significant CMV infection (CsCMVI; defined as plasma CMV DNA loads >3 log10 IU/mL). CMV-specific CMI was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (QuantiFERON-CMV [QF]) before as well as 1 and 3 months after intense immunosuppressive therapy. Results The study included 55 patients with active SLE; patients were a mean age (SD) of 34 (13) years and had a median SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 score (SD) of 14 (8), and 93% were female. Most patients had renal involvement (67%), received methylprednisolone (93%), and were CMV-seropositive (95%). Thirteen (23.6%) patients developed CsCMVI. Among patients with active SLE who were QF-negative (QF–) and QF-positive (QF+) before receiving immunosuppressive therapy, 28.6% and 25% developed CsCMVI, respectively (P = .69). However, 1 month postimmunosuppression, more QF– than QF+ patients developed CsCMVI (44.4% vs 11.8%; P = .03; adjusted hazard ratio, 4.97; 95% CI, 1.07–23.10; P = .04). Conclusions Patients with active SLE and low CMV-specific T-cell responses could develop CMV infection after receiving immunosuppressants. Further studies should focus on CMV-specific CMI among patients with autoimmune diseases.
Large area used by squirrel gliders in an urban area, uncovered using GPS telemetry

Abstract The squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) is a threatened, gliding marsupial that persists in fragmented landscapes despite its restricted capacity to cross large gaps. As measures to maintain and/or restore suitable habitat depend on knowledge about the species' ecological requirements, we investigated the area used by squirrel gliders in an urban area near Newcastle, Australia. Using GPS telemetry data and the autocorrelated kernel density estimator, we estimated area used to average 10.8 ha and varied from 4.6 to 15 ha, which is equal to or greater than found in previous studies that spanned longer time periods. This has implications when identifying the minimum patch size necessary for ensuring the long‐term conservation of a squirrel glider population.
Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Vancomycin Usage: Costs and Outcomes at Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Background Nowadays, with the emergence of vancomycin-resistant strains, the clinical use of vancomycin has been followed closely by applying the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) to enhance effectiveness in treatment and reduce cost burden for patients. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases was conducted to assess the inpatient status assigned to intravenous vancomycin and factors associated with the cost of treatment during two periods of implementing ASP, which were i) from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2018 (previous ASP-pASP) and ii) from June 1, 2018 to March 31, 2020 (new ASP-nASP). Results Among 1375 patients who met the sampling criteria, there were 601 and 774 patients in pASP and nASP, respectively. The rate of no improvement/mortality in the pASP was higher than that in nASP (37.10% vs 25.98%, p <0.05). The proportion of patients with two or more infection episodes in nASP is lower than that in pASP (9.83% vs 18.64%, p<0.05). Besides, nASP has higher length of therapy (LOT) and higher day of therapy (DOT). The average treatment cost in the pASP is higher than that in the nASP, 1891.22 (95% CI, 1713.46–2068.98) USD vs 1775.55 (95% CI, 1576.22–1974.88) USD. There are seven factors (p<0.05) that associate with the total cost of treatment (age, number of infection episodes, length of stay, discharge status, clinical department, LOT, DOT) in pASP. On the other hand, the nASP has five factors (p<0.001), in which the log(LOT) and age are not as statistically significant (p=0.5127 and 0.3852, respectively) as in the pASP model. Conclusion The implementation and improvement of the ASP at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases have initially shown benefits for patients using intravenous vancomycin. Specifically, the ASP helps to reduce treatment costs, improve patient outcomes, reduce length of stay and decrease the average daily dose of vancomycin.
Ductal Carcinoma in situ: Underestimation of Percutaneous Biopsy and Positivity of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in a Brazilian Public Hospital

Background Mammography screening has become widely spread and provided a marked increase in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosis. In DCIS, the ductal epithelium proliferates without invasion through the basal cell membrane. However, histologic underestimation can happen in some cases. Objective To analyze the rate of histologic underestimation (histopathologic results upgraded to invasive carcinoma after surgery) and the rate of positive results of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients diagnosed with DCIS in a Brazilian public hospital. Methods We reviewed medical records of all consecutive patients admitted between 2009 and 2013 whose initial diagnosis was DCIS through core needle biopsy. DCIS cases with a high risk of invasion underwent SLNB. We excluded cases with invasion or micro-invasion components in the first biopsy. Results A total of 86 women were included, most with microcalcifications as the primary radiological lesion (73.2%), and underwent preoperative biopsy, with an invasive component in 21 (24.4%) in the final pathology report. Most had invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST): 52.3% (n = 11) and microinvasive tumors (7 cases, 33.3%). The main factors associated with histologic underestimation were nodular lesion (61.9%, p<0.001) and an ultra-sonography-guided biopsy (71.4%, p=0.0005). The positivity rate of SLNB was 4.3%. All these patients underwent mastectomy, and the initial histologic pattern was solid DCIS. Conclusion The “histologic underestimation” rate among patients with DCIS was not low, and less than 5% of patients who underwent SLNB had axillary positivity. This result suggests that patients who have DCIS and a high risk of invasion and undergoing mastectomy should have SLNB. As to the patients who will undergo lumpectomy, SLNB could be omitted and could be performed if patients have upgraded to invasive breast cancer.
Circulating β-d-Glucan as a Marker of Subclinical Coronary Plaque in Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) have increased risk of inflammatory comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases. Gut epithelial damage, and translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or fungal β-d-glucan (BDG) drive inflammation in ART-treated PWH. In this study, we investigated whether markers of gut damage and microbial translocation were associated with cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic ART-treated PWH. Methods We cross-sectionally analyzed plasma from 93 ART-treated PWH and 52 uninfected controls older than 40 years of age from the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort. Participants were cardiovascular disease free and underwent a cardiac computed tomography (CT) to measure total coronary atherosclerotic plaque volume (TPV). Levels of bacterial LPS and gut damage markers REG3α and I-FABP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fungal BDG levels were analyzed using the Fungitell assay. Results β-d-glucan levels but not LPS were significantly elevated in ART-treated PWH with coronary artery plaque (P = .0007). Moreover, BDG but not LPS levels correlated with TPV (r = 0.26, P = .01). Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) but not REG3α levels correlated with TPV (r = 0.23, P = .03). However, BDG and LPS levels were not elevated in uninfected controls with plaque. In multivariable models, elevated BDG levels were independently associated with the presence of coronary atherosclerosis in PWH but not in uninfected controls. Conclusions Translocation of fungal BDG was associated with coronary atherosclerosis assessed by CT-scan imaging in ART-treated PWH, suggesting a human immunodeficiency virus-specific pathway leading to cardiovascular disease. Further investigation is needed to appraise causality of this association. Translocation of fungal products may represent a therapeutic target to prevent cardiovascular disease in ART-treated PWH. Plasma levels of the fungal product β-D-Glucan, but not the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide, are associated with the presence and the size of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis plaque in people living with HIV taking antiretroviral therapy, independently of classical cardiovascular risk factors.
Analyzing the internal resonances and energy exchange between modes of power system considering Frequency – Energy dependence using Pseudo-Arclength and shooting algorithm

The power system nonlinearity and its profound impact on the individual states of power system is first evaluated and the interaction between their constituent modes during the occurrence of internal mode resonance (IMR) is discussed in this paper. A typical dynamical feature of nonlinear systems is the frequency-energy dependence of their states and their corresponding constituent modes which is also underlined in this paper. At first predominant state is identified which is defined as the one with highest energy level and the internal mode resonances and energy exchange between its constituent modes are explored accordingly. However, Perturbation Techniques such as Normal Form (NF) or Modal Series (MS) and several polynomial approximation are explored and it is demonstrated that such methodologies do not lead to the acceptable results and does not work well in near-resonant conditions. For this reason, the integrated algorithm consists of Shooting and Pseudo-Arclength is employed for obtaining Frequency-Energy Plot (FEP) to estimate and evaluate the involved modes behavior during the resonance and the energy level at which the internal resonance occurs. The studies are performed on 39-bus New England test power System and the final results prove the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed methodology and algorithm. Review History: Received: 2019-11-18 Revised: 2020-01-18 Accepted: 2020-01-19 Available Online: 2020-06-0