Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A hydrological digital elevation model for freshwater discharge into the Gulf of Alaska

[1] Freshwater discharge into the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) has an important effect on coastal circulation. In order to incorporate freshwater discharge into a three-dimensional ocean circulation model with both point sources (big rivers) and line sources (gridded coastlines) a digital elevation model (DEM) was developed to simulate freshwater discharge into the GOA under forcing of daily air temperature and precipitation data from National Centers for Environmental Predication/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis during 1958–1998. This GOA-DEM includes glacier, snow storage, and melting processes. Coastal freshwater discharge into the GOA displays a very strong seasonal cycle and interannual variability. The comparison of simulated runoff with gauged (observed) river discharge was conducted for two major rivers (Copper River and Susitna River), showing a good agreement on seasonal cycle and interannual variability. The simulated annual mean of the total freshwater discharge into the GOA ranges from 19,000 to 31,000 m3 s−1 (with a mean of 23,100 m3 s−1) for the period 1958–1998. In the winter season (November to April), precipitation is mainly stored as snow, and freshwater discharge remains as a small base flow with some occasional changes due to short-term temperature increase. Freshwater discharge starts to rise sharply from May because of increasing precipitation and above-freezing temperatures and remains high from June through September because of snowmelt and some melting glaciers. In October the discharge decreases rapidly, to a basic flow in December as the temperature drops below the freezing point. Freshwater discharge into the GOA can be divided into the point sources (big rivers) and the line sources (ungauged numerous small streams and creeks due to melting of snow and glaciers). The model shows that five major rivers (point sources) account for about 50.6% of the total drainage areas, while the line source accounts for 49.4% of the drainage area. However, our new finding is that the point sources only account for 26%, while the line sources contribute 74% to the total runoff. Thus discharge from line sources (ungauged small rivers, streams, and creeks) is 2.8 times greater than from the point sources (five large rivers).
Some observations on the use of zircon U-Pb geochronology in the study of granitic rocks

ABSTRACT In situ, microscale, U-Pb isotopic analyses of zircon using the SHRIMP ion microprobe demonstrate both the potential and the limitations of zircon U-Pb geochronology. Most zircons, whether from igneous or metamorphic rocks, need to be considered as mixed isotopic systems. In simple, young igneous rocks the mixing is principally between isotopically disturbed and undisturbed zircon. In polymetamorphic rocks, several generations of zircon growth can coexist, each with a different pattern of discordance. A similar situation exists for igneous rocks rich in inherited zircon, as these contain both melt-precipitated zircon and inherited components of several different ages. Microscale analysis by ion probe makes it possible to sample the record of provenance, age and metamorphic history commonly preserved within a single zircon population. It also indicates how the interpretation of conventionallymeasured bulk zircon isotopic compositions might be improved.
Balsam Poplar Buds Extracts-Loaded Gels and Emulgels: Development, Biopharmaceutical Evaluation, and Biological Activity In Vitro

Balsam poplar buds have been used for wound healing and treating irritated skin in traditional medicine. Balsam poplar buds extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. In recent years, scientific research has begun to validate some of these traditional uses, leading to an increased interest in balsam poplar buds as a potential source of natural remedies in modern medicine. The study aims to simulate semi-solid pharmaceutical forms with balsam poplar buds extract and evaluate their quality through biopharmaceutical research. The active compounds identified in Lithuanian poplar buds were p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, galangin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin, and salicin. In gels, pH values ranged from 5.85 ± 0.05 to 5.95 ± 0.07. The determined pH values of emulgels ranged from 5.13 ± 0.05 to 5.66 ± 0.15. After 6 h, the release of active compounds from gels and emulgels ranged from 47.40 ± 2.41% to 71.17 ± 3.54. p-coumaric acid dominates in the balsam poplar buds extracts. The pH values of the prepared sem-solid pharmaceutical forms are suitable for use on the skin. The viscosity of the formulations depends on the amount of gelling agent. All formulations showed antioxidant activity. It is relevant to conduct a more extensive study on the influence of the chosen carrier on the release of active compounds from semi-solid formulations with an extract of balsam poplar buds.
Study of heavy metals and other elements in macrophyte algae using energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence

Fucus vesiculosus L. seaweeds from three estuarine stations were analyzed by X‐ray fluorescence, providing results for the concentration of total K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Sr, and Pb. Four different structures of the algae (base, stipe, reproductive organs, and growing tips) were analyzed to study the differential accumulation of heavy metals by different parts of Fucus. Some elements (e.g., Cu and Fe) are preferentially accumulated in the base of the algae, whereas others (e.g., As) exhibit higher concentrations in the reproductive organs and growing tips. The pattern of accumulation in different structures is similar for Cu, Zn, and Pb, but for other metals there is considerable variability in accumulation between parts of the plant. This is important in determining which structures of the plant should be used for biomonitoring. For samples collected at stations subject to differing metal loads, the relative elemental composition is approximately constant, notwithstanding significant variation in absolute values. The proportion of metals in Fucus is similar to that found in other estuaries, where metal concentrations are significantly lower. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence has been shown to be a suitable technique for multielement analysis in this type of sample. No chemical pretreatment is required, minimizing sample contamination. The small amount of sample required, and the wide range of elements that can be detected simultaneously make energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence a valuable tool for pollution studies.
Sea-level, humidity, and land-erosion records across the initial Eocene thermal maximum from a continental-marine transect in northern Spain

In two continental sections in the Tremp basin, northern Spain, the initial Eocene thermal maximum (also known as the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum) is registered by an ∼6‰ fall in δ 1 3 C values in soil carbonate nodules. High-resolution correlations, using the δ 1 3 C excursion, can be made to nearby shelf and bathyal marine settings, allowing a detailed reconstruction of soil formation on land and transport of detritus to the sea during the initial Eocene thermal maximum. Soils that formed before and after the initial Eocene thermal maximum in the Tremp region reflect arid to semiarid conditions, with abundant evaporative minerals, whereas initial Eocene thermal maximum soils reflect seasonally wetter but generally dry conditions. During the initial Eocene thermal maximum, land erosion was intensified and accumulation rates of terrigenous detritus in the sea increased. This reflects both increased topographic relief associated with a prominent sea-level lowstand and enhanced seasonal precipitation over a dry landscape with sparse vegetation. Deeper erosion led to an increase in the flux of kaolinite from buried Mesozoic soils to the oceans. The association of the initial Eocene thermal maximum with a sea-level lowstand in northern Spain, as well as at other marginal North Atlantic sites, may reflect coeval large-scale magmatic activity in the northernmost Atlantic.
Links between orogenic and placer gold on the Old Man Range, Central Otago, New Zealand

Gold-bearing normal faults of inferred Late Cretaceous age cut both Caples Terrane and Torlesse Terrane schists on the Old Man Range in Central Otago. Mineralised fault rocks are dominated by brittle-formed breccias and fault gouges, with minor hydrothermal silicification and quartz vein formation, and scattered pyrite and arsenopyrite. Gold occurs replacing silicates, encapsulated in sulphide minerals, and as free particles in vein quartz. The orientations of mineralised faults were controlled by pre-existing joints in the host rocks, with west strike in Torlesse schists and northwest strike in Caples schists. A major component of placer gold on the slopes of the Old Man Range has been derived from nearby mineralised faults, and detrital gold particles are equant and angular rather than flaky. Gold in a Late Pleistocene Clutha River channel is flaky and has been transported from outside the area, but there is little or no evidence of externally derived detrital gold along the course of a Middle Pleistocene Clutha River channel.
Study of a dynamic downscaling scheme for quantitative precipitation forecasting

Dynamic downscaling is the best way to get high resolution quantitative precipitation forecasts. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) was utilized as a dynamic downscaling tool in this study. The influence of the horizontal resolutions and the model domains on precipitation forecasts has been analysed to establish an optimized dynamic downscaling scheme. Three precipitation events over Xijiang basin, China, were simulated with different horizontal resolutions and domains. The results indicate that both the horizontal resolution and model domain have an influence on the precipitation forecast. However, the correlation between high precipitation forecast accuracy and the high horizontal resolution or the large model domain were not very strong. Comprehensive consideration of the results shows that the accuracy of forecast is best when the horizontal resolution is 20-km. Although the model domain size has no significant influence on the precipitation forecast, a larger domain may improve the stability of forecasting.
Dietary supplements used in rabbit nutrition and their effect on the fatty acid profile of rabbit meat - a review

Meat and its processing products, despite the presence of many valuable nutrients, are rarely considered as particularly healthy or dietetic. However, consumers tend to view so-called ‘white meats’, including rabbit meat, as a somewhat healthier option. Rabbit meat is lean, easily digestible and rich in biologically valuable proteins and contains high levels of essential amino acids and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, with linoleic acid being the predominant component. While the fatty acid profile of rabbit meat depends on several factors, such as breed, sex or age, the most critical factor affecting its fat structure is the composition of the feed given
The Diagnostic Performance of Multiparametric Ultrasound in the Qualitative Assessment of Inconclusive Cervical Lymph Nodes

Simple Summary Enlarged cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) are routinely evaluated for distinction between benign infectious enlargements and malignant diseases. Ultrasound (US) is the first-line imaging modality for the assessment of CLNs. The aim was to investigate the diagnostic performance of the addition of the multiparametric applications shear wave elastography (SWE) and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) to B-mode US and color-coded duplex sonography (CCDS). Our results show that the diagnostic performance of multiparametric US (mpUS) is significantly higher than that of B-mode US and CCDS. MpUS may help to distinguish between malignant and benign CLNs and might aid the decision of choosing between the watch-and-scan strategy and surgery in primary cases as well as between repeated surgery and short-term follow-up in oncological patients. Abstract Background: Enlarged cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) can result from infection or malignancies, and a definitive diagnosis requires histological examination. Ultrasound (US) remains the first-line imaging modality for detection, and new US techniques may improve characterization. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the qualitative assessment of multiparametric US (mpUS) can improve diagnostic performance in the differentiation of benign and malignant CLNs. Methods: 107 CLNs in 105 patients were examined by preoperative mpUS consisting of B-mode US, color-coded duplex sonography (CCDS), shear wave elastography (SWE) and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS). US images were evaluated in consensus by two experienced US operators. Histopathological examination was used as reference standard. Results: SWE and CEUS combined showed the highest overall diagnostic performance (91% sensitivity, 77% specificity, 87% positive predictive value (PPV), 83% negative predictive value (NPV), 90% accuracy, χ2 (1) = 51.485, p < 0.001) compared to B-mode US and CCDS (87% sensitivity, 44% specificity, 73% PPV, 65% NPV, 73% accuracy χ2 (1) = 12.415, p < 0.001). In terms of individual techniques, SWE had higher specificity than B-mode and CCDS (71% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 92% PPV, 64% NPV, 78% accuracy, χ2 (1) = 36.115, p < 0.001), while qualitative CEUS showed the best diagnostic performance of all investigated US techniques (93% sensitivity, 85% specificity, 91% PPV, 87% NPV, 90% accuracy, χ2 (1) = 13.219, p < 0.001). Perfusion patterns, homogeneity, presence of necrosis, and malignancy differed significantly between malignant and benign CLNs (p < 0.001). Conclusions: SWE and CEUS can facilitate the differentiation of inconclusive CLNs when performed to supplement B-mode US and CCDS. MpUS may thus aid the decision between surgery and a watch-and-scan strategy in enlarged CLNs.
A holistic approach to the palaeoecology of Las Hoyas Konservat-Lagerstätte (La Huérguina Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Iberian Ranges, Spain)@@@Una aproximación holística a la palaeoecología del Konservat-Lagerstätte de Las Hoyas (Formación La Huérguina, Cretácico Inferior, Cordillera Ibérica, Españ

The Las Hoyas fossil site (Lower Cretaceous, Iberian Ranges, Spain) is a classic lacustrine Fossil-Lagerstätte that exemplifies the features predicted by the original concept of Konservat-Lagerstätten in relation to the quantity of remains, quality of preservation, completeness, and preservation by a combination of obrution, stagnation and, in this case, mainly bacterial sealing. Fossils are preserved in rhythmically laminated limestones deposited in a environment that underwent strong, climatically driven cyclical oscillations in water level within the framework of a seasonal, subtropical, regional-scale wetland. Extensive systematic layer-bylayer excavation and geological research have resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the stratigraphy and sedimentology of the locality and its regional palaeogeography. Two approaches have allowed the palaeoecology of the fossil association to be reconstructed. Firstly, autoecological reconstructions of the fossil groups are supplemented by palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based on the sedimentology. This considers taphonomic features and the ecological structure of the whole association, including vegetation and animals. The organization of the ecosystem resembles that of extant lentic ecosystems. It is dominated by obligate aquatic and amphibious organisms; facultative terrestrial organisms are scarce. Several lines of evidence from flora and fauna indicate strong seasonality and water stress. The second approach is dynamic and aims to unravel the information transferred to the fossil record about ecological dynamics and evolution by combining stratigraphical and palaeontological information and integrating this in a spatial and temporal framework. This analysis illustrates that Las Hoyas has a significant facies bias, reflecting alternating ISSN (print): 1698-6180. ISSN (online): 1886-7995 www.ucm. es /info/estratig/journal.htm Journal of Iberian Geology 36 (2) 2010: 297-326 doi:10.5209/rev_JIGE. 2010.v36. n2.13 298 Buscalioni and Fregenal-Martínez / Journal of Iberian Geology 36 (2) 2010: 297-326
Visualizing vasculature and its response to therapy in the tumor microenvironment

Tumor vasculature plays a critical role in the progression and metastasis of tumors, antitumor immunity, drug delivery, and resistance to therapies. The morphological and functional changes of tumor vasculature in response to therapy take place in a spatiotemporal-dependent manner, which can be predictive of treatment outcomes. Dynamic monitoring of intratumor vasculature contributes to an improved understanding of the mechanisms of action of specific therapies or reasons for treatment failure, leading to therapy optimization. There is a rich history of methods used to image the vasculature. This review describes recent advances in imaging technologies to visualize the tumor vasculature, with a focus on enhanced intravital imaging techniques and tumor window models. We summarize new insights on spatial-temporal vascular responses to various therapies, including changes in vascular perfusion and permeability and immune-vascular crosstalk, obtained from intravital imaging. Finally, we briefly discuss the clinical applications of intravital imaging techniques.
Food Addiction and Grazing—The Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Negative Urgency in University Students

University students are a vulnerable population to the development of disordered eating, such as food addiction (FA) and grazing. FA is an emerging concept characterized by an intense desire to eat hyper-palatable foods. Grazing is characterized by the repetitive and unplanned ingestion of food throughout a period of time. Both FA and grazing have been associated with increased scores of negative urgency (NU) and difficulties in emotion regulation (ER). This study aims to evaluate the frequency of FA and grazing in a university population and to test the direct, total, and indirect effects—via FA—of ER and NU on repetitive eating and compulsive grazing. A total of 338 participants responded to a set of psychological measures assessing these variables. Thirty-six (10.7%) participants met the criteria for FA diagnosis and 184 (54.4%) presented grazing. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit indexes for the model tested (χ2(1695) = 3167.575; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.955; NFI = 0.908; TLI = 0.953; SRMR = 0.085; RMSEA = 0.051; CI 90% (0.048; 0.053); P[RMSEA ≤ 0.05] = 0.318) and suggested that FA partially mediated the effect of difficulties in ER and NU on grazing, specifically on compulsive grazing. The results indicate that individuals with difficulties in ER and impulse control under negative emotions are more likely to engage in grazing if food addiction scores are higher. These results highlight the importance of assessing these variables, particularly in at-risk populations such as university students.
Retrieval of Snow Depth on Arctic Sea Ice From Surface‐Based, Polarimetric, Dual‐Frequency Radar Altimetry

Snow depth on sea ice is an Essential Climate Variable and a major source of uncertainty in satellite altimetry‐derived sea ice thickness. During winter of the MOSAiC Expedition, the “KuKa” dual‐frequency, fully polarized Ku‐ and Ka‐band radar was deployed in “stare” nadir‐looking mode to investigate the possibility of combining these two frequencies to retrieve snow depth. Three approaches were investigated: dual‐frequency, dual‐polarization and waveform shape, and compared to independent snow depth measurements. Novel dual‐polarization approaches yielded r2 values up to 0.77. Mean snow depths agreed within 1 cm, even for data sub‐banded to CryoSat‐2 SIRAL and SARAL AltiKa bandwidths. Snow depths from co‐polarized dual‐frequency approaches were at least a factor of four too small and had a r2 0.15 or lower. r2 for waveform shape techniques reached 0.72 but depths were underestimated. Snow depth retrievals using polarimetric information or waveform shape may therefore be possible from airborne/satellite radar altimeters.
Geography, GIS and employability in Turkey

Abstract Although higher education in Turkey does not have especially well-advanced systems and resources for addressing graduate employability, two developments are making it particularly important for Turkish geography departments to give increased priority to this agenda. One is the country’s new Higher Education Qualifications Framework and the other is a major increase in geography student numbers, which means that geographers seeking school teaching posts (traditionally seen as the natural career pathway) now hugely outnumber the posts available. Against this background, this paper proceeds to explore the potential of geographic information systems (GIS) to contribute to geographers’ employability in Turkey through a study involving the views and experiences of academic staff, students and employers. The paper reveals a mixed picture of both opportunities and challenges. It ends with a series of employability recommendations for geography and GIS in Turkey, a number of which could also be of wider relevance elsewhere.
TCR-Engineered Lymphocytes Targeting NY-ESO-1: In Vitro Assessment of Cytotoxicity against Tumors

Adoptive T-cell therapies tailored for the treatment of solid tumors encounter intricate challenges, necessitating the meticulous selection of specific target antigens and the engineering of highly specific T-cell receptors (TCRs). This study delves into the cytotoxicity and functional characteristics of in vitro-cultured T-lymphocytes, equipped with a TCR designed to precisely target the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1. Flow cytometry analysis unveiled a notable increase in the population of cells expressing activation markers upon encountering the NY-ESO-1-positive tumor cell line, SK-Mel-37. Employing the NanoString platform, immune transcriptome profiling revealed the upregulation of genes enriched in Gene Ontology Biological Processes associated with the IFN-γ signaling pathway, regulation of T-cell activation, and proliferation. Furthermore, the modified T cells exhibited robust cytotoxicity in an antigen-dependent manner, as confirmed by the LDH assay results. Multiplex immunoassays, including LEGENDplex™, additionally demonstrated the elevated production of cytotoxicity-associated cytokines driven by granzymes and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL). Our findings underscore the specific targeting potential of engineered TCR T cells against NY-ESO-1-positive tumors. Further comprehensive in vivo investigations are essential to thoroughly validate these results and effectively harness the intrinsic potential of genetically engineered T cells for combating cancer.