Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous chiral-spin ordering in spin-orbit coupled honeycomb magnets

Frustrated magnets with highly degenerate ground states are at the heart of hunting exotic states of matter. Recent studies in spin-orbit coupled honeycomb magnets have generated immense interest in bond-dependent interactions, appreciating a symmetric off-diagonal $\Gamma$ interaction which exhibits a macroscopic degeneracy in the classical limit. Here, we study a generic spin model and discover a novel chiral-spin ordering with spontaneous broken time-reversal symmetry near the dominant $\Gamma$ region. Furthermore, gapless excitations revealed by a vanishing energy gap and a finite central charge on cylinders are presented. A putative chiral spin liquid (CSL) via melting of classical large-unit-cell magnetic orders is proposed. Guided by \textit{ab-initio} calculations, we suggest a practical route towards a sizeable $\Gamma$ region in $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, paving the way for a future search of CSL in real materials.
Molecular Mechanisms of Glial Cells Related Signaling Pathways Involved in the Neuroinflammatory Response of Depression

Dysfunction of the glial cells, such as astrocytes and microglia, is one of the pathological features in many psychiatric disorders, including depression, which emphasizes that glial cells driving neuroinflammation is not only an important pathological change in depression but also a potential therapeutic target. In this review, we summarized a recent update about several signaling pathways in which glial cells may play their roles in depression through neuroinflammatory reactions. We focused on the basic knowledge of these signaling pathways by elaborating each of them. This review may provide an updated image about the recent advances on these signaling pathways that are essential parts of neuroinflammation involved in depression.
C3 Cluster Clustering Cosmology I. New Constraints on the Cosmic Growth Rate at z ∼ 0.3 from Redshift-space Clustering Anisotropies

Redshift-space distortions in the clustering of galaxy clusters provide a novel probe to test the theory of gravity on cosmological scales. The aim of this work is to derive new constraints on the linear growth rate of cosmic structures from the redshift-space two-point correlation function of galaxy clusters. We construct a large spectroscopic catalog of optically selected clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The selected sample consists of 43,743 clusters in the redshift range 0.1 < z < 0.42, with masses estimated from weak-lensing calibrated scaling relations. We measure the transverse and radial wedges of the two-point correlation function of the selected clusters. Modeling the redshift-space clustering anisotropies, we provide the first constraints on the linear growth rate from cluster clustering. The cluster masses are used to set a prior on the linear bias of the sample. This represents the main advantage in using galaxy clusters as cosmic probes, instead of galaxies. Assuming a standard cosmological model consistent with the latest cosmic microwave background constraints, we do not find any evidence of deviations from general relativity. Specifically, we get the value of the growth rate times the matter power spectrum normalization parameter fσ 8 = 0.44 ± 0.05, at an effective redshift of z = 0.275.
Neurodegeneration and the m-AAA protease: pathogenic cascades in neurons and myelinating cells

The m-AAA protease is a hexameric complex involved in processing of specific substrates and turnover of misfolded polypeptides in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In humans, the m-AAA protease is composed of AFG3L2 and paraplegin. Mutations in AFG3L2 have been implicated in dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA28) and recessive spastic ataxia-neuropathy syndrome (SPAX5). Mutations of SPG7, encoding paraplegin, are linked to hereditary spastic paraplegia. In the mouse, a third subunit AFG3L1 is expressed. Various mouse models recapitulate the phenotype of these neurodegenerative disorders, however, the pathogenic mechanism of neurodegeneration is not completely understood. Here, we studied several mouse models and focused on cell-autonomous role of the m-AAA protease in neurons and myelinating cells. We show that lack of Afg3l2 triggers mitochondrial fragmentation and swelling, tau hyperphosphorylation and pathology in Afg3l2 full-body and forebrain neuron-specific knockout mice. Moreover, deletion of Afg3l2 in adult myelinating cells causes early-onset mitochondrial abnormalities as in the neurons, but the survival of these cells is not affected, which is a contrast to early neuronal death. Despite the fact that myelinating cells have been previously shown to survive respiratory deficiency by glycolysis, total ablation of the m-AAA protease by deleting Afg3l2 in an Afg3l1 null background (DKO), leads to myelinating cell demise and subsequently progressive axonal demyelination. Interestingly, DKO mice show premature hair greying due to loss of melanoblasts. Together, our data demonstrate cell-autonomous survival thresholds to m-AAA protease deficiency, and an essential role of the m-AAA protease to prevent cell death independent from mitochondrial dynamics and the oxidative capacity of the cell. Thus, our findings provide novel insights to the pathogenesis of diseases linked to m-AAA protease deficiency, and also establish valuable mitochondrial dysfunctional mouse models to study other neurodegenerative diseases, such as tauopathies and demyelinating diseases.
Electronic, vibrational, and electron–phonon coupling properties in SnSe2 and SnS2 under pressure

The tin-selenide and tin-sulfide classes of materials undergo multiple structural transitions under high pressure leading to periodic lattice distortions, superconductivity, and topologically non-trivial phases, yet a number of controversies exist regarding the structural transformations in these systems. We perform first-principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory and a careful comparison of our results with available experiments on SnSe$_2$ reveals that the apparent contradictions among high-pressure results can be attributed to differences in experimental conditions. We further demonstrate that under hydrostatic pressure a $\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3} \times 1$ superstructure can be stabilized above 20 GPa in SnS$_2$ via a periodic lattice distortion as found recently in the case of SnSe$_2$, and that this pressure-induced phase transition is due to the combined effect of Fermi surface nesting and electron-phonon coupling at a momentum wave vector $\mathbf{q}$ = $(1/3, 1/3, 0)$. In addition, we investigate the contribution of nonadiabatic corrections on the calculated phonon frequencies, and show that the quantitative agreement between theory and experiment for the high-energy $A_{1g}$ phonon mode is improved when these effects are taken into account. Finally, we examine the nature of the superconducting state recently observed in SnSe$_2$ under nonhydrostatic pressure and predict the emergence of superconductivity with a comparable critical temperature in SnS$_2$ under similar experimental conditions. Interestingly, in the periodic lattice distorted phases, the critical temperature is found to be reduced by an order of magnitude due to the restructuring of the Fermi surface.
New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae)

Reproduction in the shallow-water, sponge-dwelling, branching syllid Ramisyllis multicaudata exhibits several features unique among syllids and among annelids in general. We describe and illustrate the segmental asymmetry which intervenes between regions of symmetry, only found in branching annelids. We describe the morphology of the stolons and of the stolon stalks, which are unique to branching syllids but differ in detail from those of the other known branching syllid, Syllis ramosa. We also illustrate newly found paddle-shaped chaetae, which might indicate that these stolons do swim. We list the number of branch points and termini in an effort to gauge the extent of branching in a worm contained in a small sponge. The species appears to have separate sexes, but this cannot be proven. We compare R. multicaudata and S. ramosa as originally described and find new morphological differences between the branching syllid from Japan described as S. ramosa and R. multicaudata. We also compare the known stolons of branching syllids to those of other genera of the ‘ribbon clade’, a group including Trypanobia and Trypanosyllis, now known to be close relatives of R. multicaudata. Ramisyllis multicaudata is the first member of the ribbon clade, and one of few Syllinae, known to have sexually dimorphic stolons.
Qualitative Properties of the Fruits of Blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum L. Genotypes in Conventional and Organic Cultivation

Abstract The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of genotype and growing conditions on blackcurrant fruit weight and biochemical composition. The trial was carried out during the years 2011 and 2012 in South Estonia with two cultivation methods (conventional and organic) and eight genotypes of different genetic background, including two Scottish, ‘Ben Alder’ and ‘Ben Lomond’; two Swedish ‘Intercontinental’ and ‘Titania’; a Belarusian ‘Pamyati Vavilova’, and three recently selected genotypes from the Estonian blackcurrant breeding programme, ‘Karri’, ‘Asker’, and ‘Mairi’. From each genotype and in both cultivation sites 500 g of fruit at full maturity was collected in three replications. Fruit weight, soluble solids (SS), sugars, organic acids, sugar/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid (AsA) concentrations were determined. Fruits from the organic cultivation site were smaller and contained more SS and sugars, they also had a higher sugar/acid ratio than conventionally grown berries. Organic acids and AsA concentrations were higher in berries from conventional cultivation systems compared to the organic ones. ’Karri’ had the highest SS and sugar concentrations and sugar/acid ratio and the lowest concentration of acids on average over the years and cultivation methods. The highest AsA concentration was determined in ‘Asker’ and ‘Ben Lomond’.
Assessment and induction of variability through in vitro mutagenesis in Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz)

The study entitled ―Assessment and induction of variability through in vitro mutagenesis in cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz.)‖ was carried out between 2012 and 2014 in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara. The objective of the study was to assess the genetic variability in the short duration cassava germplasm and induction of variability through in vitro mutagenesis in selected genotypes. Field evaluation, standardization of protocols for in vitro regeneration, in vitro mutagenesis and assessment of variability of in vitro mutated plants were done. Wide genetic variability existed among the collected short duration cassava genotypes. The colour of petiole and root cortex was found to be the most variable qualitative trait for above ground and tuber portions respectively. High magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation along with high heritability and high genetic gain was observed for branch number, branch height, tuber fresh weight, and Cassava Mosaic Disease. All traits except tuber neck, branch number, scar number and internode length were positively correlated with fresh tuber yield. High direct contribution towards tuber yield was exerted by shoot biomass, tuber dry matter content and harvest index indicating that these are reliable predictor variables for increased yield. Among the biochemical traits, high heritability and high genetic gain was observed for HCN content, amylose content and starch content. Biochemical analysis indicated the occurrence of high starch genotypes (Sree Jaya, CC10 and CC7) suitable for industrial starch production. Vellayani Hraswa with lower starch content was more suited for food or feed purposes, than industrial purposes. The genotype CC10 with easiness in peeling, good taste after cooking and less cooking time scored maximum in organoleptic evaluation. Sree Jaya was sweet on chewing, had highest starch content, lowest HCN content and less fibre content. 212
Increased Succinate Accumulation Induces ROS Generation in In Vivo Ischemia/Reperfusion-Affected Rat Kidney Mitochondria

Mitochondria are recognized as main reactive oxygen species (ROS) producers, involving ROS generation by mitochondrial complexes I and III. Lately, the focus has been shifting to the ROS generation by complex II. Contribution of complex II (SDH) to ROS generation still remains debatable, especially in in vivo settings. Moreover, it is not completely defined at what time of ischemia the first alterations in mitochondria and the cell begin, which is especially important with renal arterial clamping in vivo during kidney surgery, as it predicts the postischemic kidney function. The aim of this study on an in vivo rat kidney ischemia/reperfusion model was to determine if there is a connection among (a) duration of kidney ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction and (b) succinate dehydrogenase activity, succinate accumulation, and ROS generation in mitochondria at low and saturating succinate concentrations. Our results point out that (1) mitochondrial disturbances can occur even after 30 min of kidney ischemia/reperfusion in vivo and increase progressively with the prolonged time of ischemia; (2) accumulation of succinate in cytosol after ischemia/reperfusion correlated with increased H2O2 generation mediated by complex II, which was most noticeable with physiological succinate concentrations; and (3) ischemia/reperfusion induced cell necrosis, indicated by the changes in LDH activity. In conclusion, our new findings on the accumulation of succinate in cytosol and changes in SDH activity during kidney ischemia/reperfusion may be important for energy production after reperfusion, when complex I activity is suppressed. On the other hand, an increased activity of succinate dehydrogenase is associated with the increased ROS generation, especially with physiological succinate concentrations. All these observations play an important role in understanding the mechanisms which occur in the early phase of ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and may provide new ideas for novel therapeutic approaches or injury prevention; therefore, more detailed studies are necessary in the future.
Prevalence of Depressive Disorders and Associated Demographic Factors Among Refugees Amidst COVID-19 in Nakivale Refugee Camp in Southwestern Uganda.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and health measures to prevent it have unprecedented effects on the mental health of the refugees. However, the situation of refugees in developing countries is unclear. Thus, this study estimated the prevalence of and associated demographic factors during COVID-19 pandemic. The methodology employed a cross-sectional survey carried out in June 2020 in which 146 adult refugees from Nakivale settlement camp were randomly selected to fill out a questionnaires-demographics and PHQ9. Results revealed that the majority of respondents were female (53%) and 47% had a depressive disorder. There was no statistical relationship between demographics (gender, age and marital status) and depressive disorders. In Conclusion, findings indicate that depressive disorders are prevalent among refugees in Nakivale settlement and it is important to identify refugees affected mentally and given proper treatment.
First Trimester Ferritin Is Superior over Soluble Transferrin Receptor and Hepcidin in Predicting Anemia in the Third Trimester: Result from a Cohort Study in Indonesia

Introduction Anemia in the third trimester has been identified as a risk factor for maternal and fetal morbidity that might lead to mortality. Due to its high cost, finding the best marker to predict anemia became more important to allow early prevention. Only one of ferritin, hepcidin, or soluble transferrin receptors can be picked for the prediction of anemia in the third trimester especially in low-resource setting. Objective This study aimed at defining the best marker among ferritin, hepcidin, or soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in the first trimester for prediction of anemia in the third trimester. Materials, Methods, and Setting. This diagnostic study was nested on the cohort study of vitamin D and its impact during pregnancy in Indonesia. Singleton pregnant mothers with normal fetus were recruited in the first trimester from four cities in West Java, Indonesia. The 304 pregnant women were screened for hepcidin, ferritin, and sTfR level in the sera. All biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Complete blood count (CBC) was done by impedance method measurement (SysmexR). Only subjects with complete data were included in analysis for diagnostic study to compare the three markers by finding the best receiver operating curve (RoC), likelihood ratio (LR), and risk estimate (RR). Result One-hundred and eighty-one pregnant women were eligible for analysis. The result of this study showed that the serum ferritin level in the first trimester was the best marker to predict anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hepcidin and sTfR performed poorly. A new cutoff point of ferritin level ≤27.23 ng/ml yielded the best ROC with 67% area under curve (95% CI 60%–75%, p < 0.0001, Youden index J 0.28), specificity 86.29% (95% CI 79.0%–91.8%), LR (+) 3.07 (95% CI 1.8–5.3), and RR 2.48 (95% CI 1.67–3.68). These last figures were better than the previously used cutoff point of ferritin level below 30 ng/ml. Conclusion This study provided evidence that the serum ferritin level ≤27.23 ng/ml in the first trimester was the best marker to predict anemia in the third trimester. It was valuably useful for secondary screening of anemia in pregnancy, targeting subjects who may need rigorous approach for iron deficiency treatment in the prevention of anemia in pregnancy.
The Reality of Algorithm Agility: Studying the DNSSEC Algorithm Life-Cycle

The DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) add data origin authentication and data integrity to the Domain Name System (DNS), the naming system of the Internet. With DNSSEC, signatures are added to the information provided in the DNS using public key cryptography. Advances in both cryptography and cryptanalysis make it necessary to deploy new algorithms in DNSSEC, as well as deprecate those with weakened security. If this process is easy, then the protocol has achieved what the IETF terms "algorithm agility". In this paper, we study the lifetime of algorithms for DNSSEC. This includes: (i) standardizing the algorithm, (ii) implementing support in DNS software, (iii) deploying new algorithms at domains and recursive resolvers, and (iv) replacing deprecated algorithms. Using data from more than 6.7 million signed domains and over 10,000 vantage points in the DNS, combined with qualitative studies, we show that DNSSEC has only partially achieved algorithm agility. Standardizing new algorithms and deprecating insecure ones can take years. We highlight the main barriers for getting new algorithms deployed, but also discuss success factors. This study provides key insights to take into account when new algorithms are introduced, for example when the Internet must transition to quantum-safe public key cryptography.
Screening of bacteria isolated from the environment for the capability to control mosquito larva

Malaria fever is a major disease that has killed millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Mosquitoes are vectors of this debilitating and fatal disease. Therefore, mosquito control becomes paramount using environmentally friendly biological agents instead of chemicals. Water samples obtained from the gutters and water logged areas and soil samples analyzed resulted in 18 different bacteria isolates identified as Staphylococcus sp. , Streptococcus sp. , Shigella sp. , Salmonella sp. , Kiebsiella sp. , Micrococcus sp. , Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. , Proteus vulgaris, Proteus penneri, Bacillus sp. , Serratia sp. , Sporolactobacillus sp. , Listeria sp. , Clostridium sp. , Lactobacillus sp. , Enterococcus sp and Citrobacter sp. The activities of these bacteria against 8 day old mosquito larva at different concentrations and volumes were determined. At the end of the screening period of 7 days with bacteria concentration of 3.0 x 108 cfu/ml, Bacillus sp. showed 80% activity, Clostridium sp. 50% activity, Proteus vulgaris and Proteus penneri 20% activity each against the mosquito larva. At bacteria concentration of 3.0 x 109 cfu/10 ml, the activities of the bacteria against the mosquito larva were Bacillus sp. 100%, Clostridium sp. 85%, Sporolactobacillus sp. 60%, while Proteus vulgari and Proteus penneri 40% each. Lactobacillus sp had 35% activity. The rest of the bacteria isolates had no activity or insignificant activities. Other than Bacillus sp which is a known bioinsecticide, Clostridium sp. and Sporolactobacillus sp. can be genetically modified to be used as bioinsectides as man continues to search for alternative means of combating mosquito borne diseases. Key words: Larvicide, larva, gutters, mosquito, vectors, activity.
Exploring factors affecting renewal and stopping reasons in cross‐session search

This study analyzes the relationships between search session renewal reasons and stopping reasons for everyday cross‐session search, and their relationships with types of needed information, the number of search sessions, and task performance stage. We present results from an online survey questionnaire distributed on the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. Our results validate the renewal reasons from Lin and Belkin's MISE model and generalize the stopping reasons found by other empirical studies to a broader population and tasks. We found that participants in different renewal modes more often look for specific information than general information. Sessions which happened early or at the middle of a task were often renewed because a task spawned sub‐problems or transmuted. Sessions renewed near the end or after the task was done often involved looking for updated information or were renewed due to search failure. Our study has implications for predicting reasons that can cause searchers to start or stop a search session during cross session search, and on designing search support tools to provide more targeted, customized help based on the relations among those reasons.