Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practitioner Experience With Mistreated Older Adults Who Have Dementia: Understanding Contextual Influences and Consequences

Studies of mistreatment of older adults have revealed alarmingly higher prevalence rates of mistreatment of those who have dementia. When the mistreatment occurs within the context of the home and is perpetrated by a family caregiver, it may remain hidden and only be discovered by the health and social service practitioners who have access to the home. Understanding the contexts within which this mistreatment occurs, and the influence of these contexts on the experience of these practitioners as well as on the resulting outcomes for mistreated older adults, has received little attention in the literature. This qualitative study, framed by critical social theory, aimed to answer the following research question: What are the contextual influences on practitioner experience with mistreatment of older adults with dementia by a caregiver within the home? Specifically, this study explored contextual influences within a Canadian province, where there is neither specific adult protective legislation nor infrastructure when mistreatment occurs within the home. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, journals, and focus groups with 51 practitioners from various disciplines providing services to mistreated older adults with dementia in their homes. Theoretical thematic analysis led to the discovery of five contextual themes influencing the experience: the privileged burden of seeing behind closed doors; a domestic problem within a societal context; interprofessional challenges; a history of stagnation, losses, and systems failure; and a legislative complexity and oppression. Understanding these contextual influences is crucial to supporting practitioners, who, although entrusted to protect mistreated older adults, describe powerlessness within current contexts. This understanding is needed to improve outcomes for mistreated older adults with dementia.
Comparison of PID, GA and Fuzzy Logic Controllers for Cruise Control System

Nowadays, automobile companies give good attention of cruise systems and cruise controllers which are considered as one of the most critical aspects that require precise controller that can accommodate the new development in technology. The movement of running automobiles is variable and complex. For this reason, cruise control system (CCS) has high non-linearity and if a traditional PID controller has been used, it will not give good results in all conditions. This paper presents comparative study of PID controller, PID optimized by GA and fuzzy logic controllers for an automobile cruise control system (ACCS) where it has been used on linearized model of the cruise system. The comparison was for the transient performance; i.e. settling time, rise time and maximum overshoot in addition to the steady state performance i.e. steady state error. MATLAB/SIMULINK and m-file have been used to show the efficiency of each method used and shows the comparison between them. The results indicate that the performance of fuzzy controller has better response regarding the overshoot and the settling time while the PID tuned by using GA gives the shortest rising time. A comparative analysis of each simulated result will be done based on the response characteristic.
Does a delay in surgery for distal radial fractures affect patient outcome?

Current guidelines from the British Orthopaedic Association state that if fractures of the distal radius are operated on then this should take place within 3 days of injury for intra-articular fractures, 7 days for extra-articular fractures and 3 days when a trial of conservative management has failed. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess whether there was any difference in outcome between patients receiving timely or delayed surgery, using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation score at >12 months after injury as the primary outcome measure. Data from 380 patients treated at two district general hospitals over a 5-year period were obtained using electronic databases to capture the demographics and treatment details and postal questionnaires to assess current function. The study showed no statistical or clinical differences in outcome measures between the timely or delayed cohorts in any of the three treatment groups. Level of evidence: III
Principles of Insect Cold-Hardiness

Cold is a relative term which for present purposes will be considered to encompass temperatures too low to support normal development of the in­ sects concerned. The effects of cold on insects may be manifold, but a pri­ mary distinction must be made on the hasis of whether freezing does or does not result. The dividing line, however, is seldom at the freezing point of the tissues but rather at the supercooling point, for insects almost invariably supercool to some extent, usually many degrees. Cooling without freezing has been termed "chilling" (9), particularly when the emphasis is on temperatures above O°C. Such investigations usually deal with i nsects that do not normally encounter cold, e.g., household pests. Unaccustomed to cold, they tolerate it poorly. On the other hand, insects that hibernate in temperate and colder climates must tolerate a wide range of low temperatures, often for long periods. Some species improve their toler­ ance through processes of cold-acclimation and cold-hardening. All insects supercool to some extent, regardless of need; in fact, some that need to do so least supercool below -40°C. Most hibernating insects do need to supercool, however, to avoid freezing, which would be fatal; the remainder have not this need because freezing is not injurious to them. The former group are called freezing-susceptible and the latter freezing-resistant or freezing-tolerant (34). The principles of insect cold-hardiness will be discussed under three main headings : (a) chilling and cold-acclimation, (b) avoidance of freezing by supercooling, and (c) freezing-tolerance.
Consequences of shrub expansion in mesic grassland: Resource alterations and graminoid responses

Abstract In the mesic grasslands of the central United States, the shrub Cornus drummondii has undergone widespread expansion in the absence of recurrent fire. We quantified alterations in light, water and N caused by C. drummondii expansion in tall-grass prairie and assessed the hypothesis that these alterations are consistent with models of resource enrichment by woody plants. Responses in graminoid species, particularly the dominant C4 grass Andropogon gerardii, were concurrently evaluated. We also removed established shrub islands to quantify their legacy effect on resource availability and assess the capability of this grassland to recover in sites formerly dominated by woody plants. The primary effect of shrub expansion on resource availability was an 87% reduction in light available to the herbaceous understorey. This reduced C uptake and N use efficiency in A. gerardii and lowered graminoid cover and ANPP at the grass-shrub ecotone relative to undisturbed grassland. Shrub removal created a pulse in light and N availability, eliciting high C gain in A. gerardii in the first year after removal. By year two, light and N availability within shrub removal areas returned to levels typical of grassland, as had graminoid cover and ANPP were similar to those in open grassland. Recovery within central areas of shrub removal sites lagged behind that at the former grass-shrub ecotone. These results indicate that the apparent alternative stable state of C. drummondii dominance in tall-grass prairie is biotically maintained and driven by reductions in light, rather than resource enrichment. Within areas of shrub removal, the legacy effect of C. drummondii dominance is manifest primarily through the loss of rhizomes of the dominant grasses, rather than any long-term changes in resource availability. C. drummondii removal facilitates grassland recovery, but the effort required to initiate this transition is a significant cost of woody plant expansion in mesic grasslands. Prevention of woody plant expansion in remnant tall-grass prairies is, therefore, a preferred management option. Nomenclature: Anon. (1986) Abbreviations: Ψ = Leaf water potential; Anet = Net photosynthesis; ANPP = Above-ground net primary production; Nleaf = Leaf nitrogen concentration; NUE = Nitrogen use efficiency; PFD = Photon flux density; SLM = Specific leaf mass; WUE = Water use efficiency.
Organic poultry production in the United States: Broilers

SUMMARY Since the USDA implemented the National Organic Program, the growth of the organic food market has continued to increase, with organic poultry as leading products. Organic livestock husbandry practices focus on living conditions that permit natural behaviors and provide outdoor access, preventive health management with a prohibition of antibiotics or other drugs (although vaccines can be used), and organic feed. Organic feed is raised without synthetic fertilizers and pesticides; pastures to which birds have access must also be organic. Hatcheries are currently not required to be organic, and conventional chicks may be used if they are under organic management by the second day after hatching. Although alternative, slow-growing genotypes are used in organic production in the European Union, conventional genetics are used in the United States. Poultry products, including meat and eggs, must be handled organically. Most synthetic materials are not permitted in organic food production, whereas most natural materials are; however, the National Organic Program National List specifies which materials are allowed. Of particular interest is an impending ban on the use of synthetic methionine in organic poultry diets. Research in the United States has examined alternative strategies, including the use of slow-growing broilers that are less heavily muscled than conventional fast-growing meat birds, but has not shown these birds to have lower methionine requirements. Research has also examined sensory differences between specialty and conventional meat chickens in the United States. Consumer panelists indicated no preference between these products, although trained panelists found some differences in the flavor of thigh meat. More meat quality differences were due to genotype than to outdoor access. Breast meat from slow-growing birds was more tender than that from fast-growing birds. Outdoor access resulted in leaner meat, but only in the case of slow-growing birds. As interest grows in specialty and organic poultry meat products, additional research is needed.
An Evaluation of the AFLP Fingerprinting Technique for the Analysis of Paternity in Natural Populations of Persoonia mollis (Proteaceae)

The accurate assignment of paternity in natural plant populations is required to address important issues in evolutionary biology, such as the factors that affect reproductive success. Newly developed molecular fingerprinting techniques offer the potential to address these aims. Here, we evaluate the utility of a new PCR-based multi-locus fingerprinting technique called Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) for paternity studies in Persoonia mollis (Proteaceae). AFLPs were initially scored for five individuals from three taxonomic levels for 64 primer pairs: between species (P. mollis and P. levis), between subspecies (P. mollis subsp. nectens and subsp. livens), between individuals within a single population of P. mollis, as well as for a naturally pollinated seed from a single P. mollis subsp. nectens plant. Overall, 1164 fragments (24.6% of all fragments) were polymorphic between species, 743 (16.5%) between subspecies, 371 (8.6%) between individuals within a single population, and 265 (6.2%) between a plant and its seed. Within a single P. mollis population of 14 plants, 42 polymorphic fragments were scored from profiles generated by a single AFLP primer pair. The mean frequency of the recessive allele (q) over these 42 loci was 0.773. Based on these observations, it will be feasible to generate well over 100 polymorphic AFLP loci with as few as three AFLP primer pairs. This level of polymorphism is sufficient to assign paternity unambiguously to more than 99% of all seed in experiments involving small, known paternity pools. More generally, the AFLP procedure is well suited to molecular ecological studies, because it produces more polymorphism than allozymes or RAPDs but, unlike conventionally developed microsatellite loci, it requires no prior sequence knowledge and minimal development time.
Digestibilidade aparente de dietas contendo farelo de cacau ou torta de dendê em cabras lactantes

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes de dietas, contendo farelo de cacau (Theobroma cacao L.) ou torta de dende (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), em substituicao parcial ao concentrado a base de milho e farelo de soja, na alimentacao de cabras lactantes. Foram utilizadas cinco cabras da raca Saanen, aos 60 dias de lactacao, em experimento delineado em quadrado latino 5x5, com duracao de 14 dias, dos quais 10 dias de adaptacao e quatro para coleta dos dados. As dietas, formuladas para possibilitar producao de 2 kg de leite por dia, constituiram-se de 36% de volumoso e 64% de concentrado. Utilizou-se, como volumoso, a silagem de milho e concentrado padrao, com substituicao de 0%, 15% e 30% pelo farelo de cacau ou torta de dende. Houve reducao na digestibilidade real da proteina bruta, com a inclusao do farelo de cacau, a 15% e 30%. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente, do extrato etereo das dietas com 30% de torta de dende, foi maior que o de 15% de farelo de cacau. Os subprodutos, em razao da digestibilidade aparente, apresentam viabilidade de uso, como alternativa na dieta de cabras em lactacao.
Studies on the Dermestid Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts. II.—The Occurrence of Diapause Larvae at a Constant Temperature, and their Behaviour

The development of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, and the cycle of movement of insects between the food and hiding places has been studied at 30°C. The results have been correlated with observations at maltings, its chief habitat in Britain.In populations at 30°C. , many larvae delay pupation and enter diapause, the remainder spending most of their time in the food and completing development quickly. The diapause larvae leave the food in the fourth and in later instars in search of hiding places. Disturbing the food stimulates the larvae to leave it a little earlier. Larvae resting in diapause moult occasionally, and at long and irregular intervals they emerge, presumably to replenish their food reserves by feeding, after which some pupate and the rest hide again.The hidden diapause larvae can persist for a very long time; in cultures, 16 per cent, remained after four years. Apparently, as the food stored in the fat-body is depleted, they become readier to emerge from the crevices to feed. Replacing stale food by new food causes some larvae to emerge and the effect of disturbing the larvae is variable. After feeding, some of these larvae complete development and the resulting adults breed, presumably producing both quick developing and diapause larvae among their offspring.When denied a hiding place, the diapause larvae remain inactive in the food without increasing their rate of pupation. However, they feed more, producing heavier beetles, an effect also obtained by regularly providing fresh food.It is concluded that when a malt store is loaded, some diapause larvae remain in the fabric of the store and others emerge and feed; after feeding, some larvae re-enter crevices and others complete development and breed; the offspring contain some diapause larvae, which accumulate in the crevices and on the walls just below the malt surface; after the malt is unloaded, diapause larvae may persist in empty stores for a number of years, because they can restore their food reserves by occasionally eating grain residues.
Interactions of temperature and photoperiod in the control of flowering of latitudinal and altitudinal populations of wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca)

Floral induction and development requirements of a range of latitudinal and altitudinal Norwegian populations of the wild strawberry Fragaria vesca L. have been studied in controlled environments. Rooted runner plants were exposed to a range of photoperiods and temperatures for 5 weeks for floral induction and then transferred to long day (LD) at 20°C for flower development. A pronounced interaction of temperature and photoperiod was shown in the control of flowering. At 9°C, flowers were initiated in both short day (SD) and LD conditions, at 15 and 18°C in SD only, whereas no initiation took place at 21°C regardless of daylength conditions. The critical photoperiod for SD floral induction was about 16 h and 14 h at 15 and 18°C, respectively, the induction being incomplete at 18°C. The optimal condition for floral induction was SD at 15°C. A mini mum of 4 weeks of exposure to such optimal conditions was required. Although the populations varied significantly in their flowering performance, no clinal relationship was present between latitude of origin and critical photoperiod. Flower development of SD-induced plants was only marginally advanced by LD conditions, while inflorescence elongation and runnering were strongly enhanced by LD at this stage. The main shift in these responses took place at photoperiods between 16 and 17 h. Unlike all other populations studied, a high-latitude population from 70°N ('Alta') had an obligatory vernalization requirement. Although flowering and fruiting in its native Subarctic environment and after overwintering in the field in south Norway, this population did not flower in the laboratory in the absence of vernalization, even with 10 or 15 weeks of exposure to SD at 9°C. Flowering performance in the field likewise indicated a vernalization requirement of this high-latitude population.
Sleep of preschoolers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has resulted in a significantly large number of psychological consequences, including sleep health. The present study evaluated sleep patterns, sleep disturbances, and associated factors in Chinese preschoolers confined at home during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Caregivers of 1619 preschoolers (aged 4–6 years) recruited from 11 preschools in Zunyi, Guizhou province completed the Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) between 17th and 19th February 2020. Data were compared to a sociodemographically similar sample of preschoolers (included in the 11 preschools) in 2018. Compared to the 2018 sample, the confined preschoolers demonstrated changes in sleep patterns characterized by later bedtimes and wake times, longer nocturnal and shorter nap sleep durations, comparable 24‐hr sleep duration, and fewer caregiver‐reported sleep disturbances. Moreover, behavioural practices (sleeping arrangement, reduced electronic device use, regular diet) and parenting practices (harmonious family atmosphere and increased parent‐child communication) were associated with less sleep disturbances in the confined sample. The present study provides the first description of the impact of prolonged home confinement during the COVID‐19 outbreak on sleep patterns and sleep disturbances in preschoolers, as well as highlighting the importance of the link between sleep health and family factors. Given that disrupted and insufficient sleep has been linked to immune system dysfunction, our findings also have potential implications for resilience to infection in young children during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Future studies should further explore deficient sleep as a risk factor for coronavirus infection.
METTL3 polymorphisms and Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children: A five‐center case–control study

Wilms tumor is a common pediatric tumor worldwide. Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) is a core gene of the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification that widely affects the transcription of tumor‐related genes in eukaryotes. METTL3 has been extensively investigated in various tumors but not Wilms tumor.
Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Adults, Louisville, Kentucky, 2010-2013.

Background Preventing severe complications of influenza such as hospitalization is a public health priority; however, estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) hospitalizations are limited. We examined influenza VE against influenza-associated LRTIs in hospitalized adult patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from a randomized trial of oseltamivir treatment in adults hospitalized with LRTI in Louisville, Kentucky, from 2010 to 2013. Patients were systematically tested for influenza at the time of enrollment. We estimated VE as 1 - the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of antecedent vaccination in influenza-positives vs negatives × 100%. Vaccination status was obtained by patient self-report. Using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, season, timing of illness, history of chronic lung disease, and activities of daily living, we estimated VE against hospitalized influenza-associated LRTIs and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with radiographic findings of infiltrate. Results Of 810 patients with LRTI (median age, 62 years), 184 (23%) were influenza-positive and 57% had radiographically confirmed CAP. Among influenza-positives and -negatives, respectively, 61% and 69% were vaccinated. Overall, 29% were hospitalized in the prior 90 days and >80% had comorbidities. Influenza-negatives were more likely to have a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than influenza-positives (59% vs 48%; P = .01), but baseline medical conditions were otherwise similar. Overall, VE was 35% (95% CI, 4% to 56%) against influenza-associated LRTI and 51% (95% CI, 13% to 72%) against influenza-associated radiographically confirmed CAP. Conclusions Vaccination reduced the risk of hospitalization for influenza-associated LRTI and radiographically confirmed CAP. Clinicians should maintain high rates of influenza vaccination to prevent severe influenza-associated complications.
Effects of water-based exercise on functioning and quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: To investigate the effects of the water-based exercise on balance, mobility, mobility and functional independence, functional performance, fear of falling and quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: We searched pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro data base and SciELO to June 2020 for randomised controlled trials that investigated the effects of water-based exercise in people with Parkinson’s disease. Two comparisons were made: water-based exercise versus usual care and water-based exercise versus land-exercise. The main outcomes were Balance, Confidence, Mobility, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and quality of life. Mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Results: Fifteen randomised controlled trials were found (435 people). Compared to usual care, water-based exercise resulted in improvement in balance MD (9.1, 95% CI: 6.5, 11.8, N = 45). Water-based exercise resulted in improvement in balance MD (3.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.0, N = 179), mobility MD (−2.2, 95% CI: −3.3, −1.0, N = 197) and quality of life MD (−5.5, 95% CI: −11, −0.07, N = 98) compared to land-based exercise, but without significant difference in functional performance MD (0.01, 95% CI: −2.6 to 2.7, N = 69). Land-based exercise resulted in improvement in fear of falling MD (−3.5, 95% CI: −5.6, −1.3, N = 58) compared to water-based exercise. Conclusion: Water-based exercise was more efficient than land-based exercise and/or usual care in improving balance, mobility and quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease.