Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium of a toroidal plasma with noncircular cross section

The possibility of determining the cross-sectional form of a Tokamak plasma from measurements of the magnetic field outside the plasma is indicated. Two kinds of integral relation are obtained. The first, based on the equilibrium equations, gives an expression for the multipole moments of the generalized pressure in terms of a surface integral of quadratic combinations of the measured magnetic field. The second, based on the magnetic field equations, gives an expression for the analog of the multipole densities of the longitudinal current density in terms of a surface integral of linear combinations of the magnetic field measured outside the plasma. (auth)
(2017). Should undergraduate lectures be compulsory? The views of dental and medical students from a UK university. Dentistry Journal , (2),

: Formal lectures have been a traditional part of medical and dental education, but there is debate as to their compulsory status. This study was designed to explore dental and medical students’ views on compulsory lectures and the use of Video-Recorded Lectures (VRL). A cross-sectional study of University of Bristol students in Years 2 to 4 was conducted using an online questionnaire. The majority of both dental (76%) and medical (66%) students felt lectures should be non-compulsory. The most common learning resources used by both dental and medical students were live lectures, lecture handouts and VRL. The majority of both dental (84%) and medical (88%) students used VRL. Most students attended lectures all of the time both before and after the introduction of VRL, even though most dental and medical students believe lectures should be non-compulsory. VRL is a popular learning resource. These ﬁndings tie-in with General Dental Council and General Medical Council recommendations that encourage self-directed learning. Dental and Medical schools should offer a range of learning resources and make use of current technology, including the use of VRL.
Inhibitory of Quinolones against DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV of Enterococcus faecalis

We have cloned the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes of Enterococcus faecalis to examine the actions of quinolones against E. faecalis genetically and enzymatically. We ﬁrst generated levoﬂoxacin-resistant mutants of E. faecalis by stepwise selection with increasing drug concentrations and analyzed the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC from the resistant mutants. Isogenic mutants with low-level resistance contained a mutation in gyrA , whereas those with higher levels of resistance had mutations in both gyrA and parC . These results suggested that gyrA is the primary target for levoﬂoxacin in E. faecalis . We then puriﬁed the recombinant DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes of E. faecalis and measured the in vitro inhibitory activities of quinolones against these enzymes. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 s) of levo- ﬂoxacin, ciproﬂoxacin, sparﬂoxacin, tosuﬂoxacin, and gatiﬂoxacin for DNA gyrase were found to be higher than those for topoisomerase IV. In conﬂict with the genetic data, these results indicated that topoisomerase IV would be the primary target for quinolones in E. faecalis . Among the quinolones tested, the IC 50 of sitaﬂoxacin (DU-6859a), which shows the greatest potency against enterococci, for DNA gyrase was almost equal to that for topoisomerase IV; its IC 50 s were the lowest among those of all the quinolones tested. These results indicated that other factors can modulate the effect of target afﬁnity to determine the bacterial killing pathway, but the highest inhibitory actions against both enzymes correlated with good antienterococcal activities.
Conifer seedling recruitment across a gradient from forest to alpine tundra: effects of and site

Background: Seedling germination and survival is a critical control on forest ecosystem boundaries, such as at the alpine–treeline ecotone. In addition, while it is known that species respond individualistically to the same suite of environmental drivers, the potential additional effect of local adaptation on seedling success has not been evaluated. Aims: To determine whether local adaptation may inﬂuence the position and movement of forest ecosystem boundaries, we quantiﬁed conifer seedling recruitment in common gardens across a subalpine forest to alpine tundra gradient at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. Methods: We studied Pinus ﬂexilis and Picea engelmannii grown from seed collected locally at High (3400 m a.s.l.) and Low (3060 m a.s.l.) elevations. We monitored emergence and survival of seeds sown directly into plots and survival of seedlings germinated indoors and transplanted after snowmelt. Results: Emergence and survival through the ﬁrst growing season was greater for P. ﬂexilis than P. engelmannii and for Low compared with High provenances. Yet survival through the second growing season was similar for both species and provenances. Seedling emergence and survival tended to be greatest in the subalpine forest and lowest in the alpine tundra. Survival was greater for transplants than for ﬁeld-germinated seedlings. Conclusions: These results suggest that survival through the ﬁrst few weeks is critical to the establishment of natural germinants. In addition, even small distances between seed sources can have a signiﬁcant effect on early demographic performance – a factor that has rarely been considered in previous studies of tree recruitment and species range shifts.
Effect of Pretreatment on Solar Dehydration of Selected Varieties of Onion

The kinetics of solar drying of pre-treated onion slices (Pusa White Round, Pusa White Flat and Pusa Madhvi) of thickness 2 mm was studied at an air flow rate of 0.044m/s. Pre-treatments consisted immersion of slices in chemical solutions of sodium chloride, potassium metabisulphite and sodium benzoate at three different concentration levels (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) of each chemical. The variety, chemical and chemical concentration level influenced the drying of onion flakes. Pre-treatment with sodium chloride gave the maximum value of drying constant as 1.256. Variety too influenced the drying of onion. The moisture loss was fast in Pusa White Round (PWR) compared to Pusa Madhvi (PM) and Pusa White Flat (PWF).
Edinburgh Research Explorer Using multi-omic approaches to compare temporal bacterial colonisation of Lolium perenne, Lotus corniculatus and Trifolium pratense in the rumen

bacterial colonization of fresh plant material and changes in plant chemistry over a period of 24 h period using three different fresh forages: Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass; PRG) , Lotus corniculatus (bird’s foot trefoil; BFT) and Trifolium pratense (red clover; RC). We show using 16S rRNA gene ion torrent sequencing that plant epiphytic populations present pre-incubation (0 h) were substantially different to those attached post incubations in the presence of rumen ﬂuid on all forages. Thereafter primary and secondary colonization events were evident as deﬁned by changes in relative abundances of attached bacteria and changes in plant chemistry, as assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. For PRG colonization, primary colonization occurred for up to 4 h and secondary colonization from 4 h onward. The changes from primary to secondary colonization occurred signiﬁcantly later with BFT and RC, with primary colonization being up to 6 h and secondary colonization post 6 h of incubation. Across all 3 forages the main colonizing bacteria present at all time points post-incubation were Prevotella , Pseudobutyrivibrio , Ruminococcus , Olsenella , Butyrivibrio, and Anaeroplasma (14.2, 5.4, 1.9, 2.7, 1.8, and 2.0% on average respectively), with Pseudobutyrivibrio and Anaeroplasma having a higher relative abundance during secondary colonization. Using CowPI, we predict differences between bacterial metabolic function during primary and secondary colonization. Speciﬁcally, our results infer an increase in carbohydrate metabolism in the bacteria attached during secondary colonization, irrespective of forage type. The CowPI data coupled with the FTIR plant chemistry data suggest that attached bacterial function is similar irrespective of forage type, with the main changes occurring between primary and secondary colonization. These data suggest that the sward composition of pasture may have major implications for the temporal availability of nutrients for animal.
Machine Learning in Cloud Environments Considering External Information

—Machine learning applied to cloud environments can lead to many advantages. One example is the possibility of improved Quality of Service (QoS) by predicting future workloads and reacting dynamically with automated scaling. In reality however, there are cases where the use of machine learning algorithms is not as efﬁcient as imagined. One current problem is the disregard of external information, whose inclusion could help to create better models of the reality. The approach of this paper shows that different machine learning algorithms like Neural Networks (NN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Linear Regression can be successfully used to predict the response time of Virtual Machines (VM) within cloud environments. The performed application of those algorithms to different cloud usage scenarios and following evaluation enables to gain insight into the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm. Furthermore, a work in progress architecture is proposed to deal with the two big challenges, inclusion of external information and handling live data streams.
STUDY TO KNOW OUTCOME OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON PERIODONTAL HELATH

: Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of orthodontic treatment of periodontal health of young patients. Study design: Simple random sampling method. Location and duration: In the Dental department of Nishter Hospital, Multan form March 2016 to August 2017 for Eighteen months ’ duration. Methods: After treatment of Six months and Eighteen Months Periodontal examination was done. To evaluate the periodontal status of indexed teeth CPITN was done. Chi square test and SPSS version 17 were used to compare data and for analysis purpose. Findings: The results showed that patients who received orthodontic treatment showed periodontal disease symptoms. After or Intra orthodontic treatment 0 patients showed a strong correlation between the periodontal disease progression and the value of p, pre-patient comparisons, and intra ortho, pre ortho 0.02 and p values revealed during orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The P value pre- and post-0.456 suggests a direct relationship between the two patients. Attitude, practice and Knowledge regarding gum health in patients of orthodontic were insufficient.
Cross-Linguistic Influence in the Acquisition of English as a Third Language

This is a review of the literature from the past ten years about cross-linguistic influence (CLI), focusing on grammar, in the acquisition of English as a third language of secondary school learners. Currently, EFL classrooms around the world are experiencing increased linguistic diversity. Understanding CLI, a central part of interlanguage, in multilingual learners of English has therefore become more imperative than ever before. This review demonstrates that the relationship between the background languages and the target language extensively affects the quality and quantity of CLI in the acquisition of English as a third language, and identifies typology and proficiency as key factors shaping interlanguage outcomes. As pedagogical implications, the review concludes on the importance of explicit multi-contrastive teaching of grammar to develop learners’ meta-linguistic and cross-linguistic awareness in order to enhance their competence in English. Now, research testing the correlations among teacher approaches, learner perceptions, and transfer effects is necessary, as are more studies accounting and controlling for more relevant factors involved in CLI when learning English as a third language.
Veterinarski Glasnik 2021, 75 (2), 175-188

Abnormal oral manipulation, such as tail-, ear-, and flank-biting are among the most serious behaviour problems in modern pig husbandry. They not only affect the welfare of animals, but also have economic consequences. The prevalence of tail-, ear-, and flank-bite damage was estimated in a 1200 sow farrow-to-finish commercial farm in Hungary were pigs grouped by age. A total of 16,023 individuals were observed, of which 4,679 were housed in the batteries and 11,344 were housed in the fattening barns. In the batteries, the prevalence of tail-bitten and ear-bitten piglets in the different age groups ranged from 2.6 to 15.18%, 10.77 to 56.87%, respectively. The likelihood of tail injuries increased with the age of the animals, while the likelihood of ear injuries gradually decreased with piglet’s age. No flank injuries were observed in piglets from the batteries. In the fattening barns, the prevalence of tail and ear injuries in the different age groups was between 2.73 and 6.1%, and between 3.38 and 58.16%, respectively. Flank biting appeared only in older animals, from 156 days of age, at a much lower frequency (1.96 to 3.26%) than the other injuries studied. Some elements of the housing and feeding technology applied in this farm could enhance the occurrence of abnormal oral bite behaviour in pigs. Changing from wet to granulate feed and replacing the grid flooring with solid flooring covered with straw litter could lead to a decline in the incidence of biting.
Heliocentric Effects of the DART Mission on the (65803) Didymos Binary Asteroid System

The Double Asteroid Redirect Test (DART) is NASA’s first kinetic impact–based asteroid deflection mission. The DART spacecraft will act as a projectile during a hypervelocity impact on Dimorphos, the secondary asteroid in the (65803) Didymos binary system, and alter its mutual orbital period. The initial momentum transfer between the DART spacecraft and Dimorphos is enhanced by the ejecta flung off the surface of Dimorphos. This exchange is characterized within the system by the momentum enhancement parameter, β, and on a heliocentric level by its counterpart, β ⊙. The relationship between β and the physical characteristics of Dimorphos is discussed here. A nominal set of Dimorphos physical parameters from the design reference asteroid and impact circumstances from the design reference mission are used to initialize the ejecta particles for dynamical propagation. The results of this propagation are translated into a gradual momentum transfer onto the Didymos system barycenter. A high-quality solar system propagator is then used to produce precise estimates of the post-DART encounters between Didymos and Earth by generating updated close approach maps. Results show that even for an unexpectedly high β ⊙, a collision between the Didymos system and Earth is practically excluded in the foreseeable future. A small but significant difference is found in modeling the overall momentum transfer when individual ejecta particles escape the Didymos system, as opposed to imparting the ejecta momentum as a single impulse at impact. This difference has implications for future asteroid deflection campaigns, especially when it is necessary to steer asteroids away from gravitational keyholes.
Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues for some elliptic operators with intermediate remainder estimate

We consider the Weyl formula for the asymptotic number of eigenvalues N(λ) for some elliptic operators. We prove remainder estimates of the form N(λ)O(λ−μ) with μ depending on the regularity of coefficients and ranging between 0 and the optimal value in the standard situation of smooth coefficients, i.e., 0 < μ < 2/m in the case of globally elliptic operators on R, and 0 < μ < 1/m in the case of a smooth compact manifold without boundary, where m is the degree of the considered operators.
The Two-Dimensional Soundfield of a Vortex Moving Around the Sharp Edge of a Half-Plane

The exact sound-hard Green's function for the linearised wave equation is the kemel in the time-like integrai representation of the soundfield, using the vortex path in an incompressible field . Evaiuations of this integrai are compared to a simple approximate form and to the results of Crighton and Howe, both involving an approximation in the frequency domain . Approximati- ons to the vortex-soundfield are presented, using a model where the soundfield is associated with a virtuai dipole source of variabie strength located in front of the edge of the haif-plane. The transition from an incompressible to a compressible field is demonstrated in the appendix using the exact response to a triangular dipole pul se. The deformation of the response, associated with the (1I2)th derivative form of the compressible two-dimensional response, is the main difference between the compressibleand the retarded incompressible response. A remarkable conclusion is that the finite virtuai force giving birth to the soundfield would induce an infinite normai force on the haif-plane in an incompressible fluid. Consideration of the momentum baiance shows that the pressure integral balances this infinite force. In a compressi- bie fluid the induced force remains finite.
Numerical visualisation on applying a five-stage multi-scaled square turbulence-generating grid to generating turbulence

This study presents the numerical visualisation of turbulence generated by a five-stage square-type multi-scale turbulence grid. The present study applies a turbulence grid with an increased number of stages to five, in contrast to previous studies using multi-scale turbulence grids with four stages. For the present numerical visualisation, direct numerical analysis is used in this analysis. This analysis uses the high-order central difference schemes and the third-order Runge-Kutta scheme. In addition to the multi-scale turbulence grid with five stages, the present study also covers two turbulence grids with four stages for reference. By using the external force term in the governing equations, the present multi-scale turbulence grids were formed numerically in the computational domain. The spatial homogeneity of the downstream turbulence field is approached in this work. The turbulence generated by the turbulence grids with four stages is characterised by a flow structure with a doughnut-like instantaneous velocity figure in the downstream region. By examining contour diagrams of the streamwise instantaneous velocity, the present study can see that the spatial homogeneity of the turbulence field downstream is improved by increasing the number of stages for the turbulence grid.
Lax-Wendroff method for incompressible flow

The Lax-Wendroff scheme is extended to incompressible fluid flow problems within the framework of artificial compressibility method (ACM) utilizing a “cell-centered finite-volume” Δ-approximation on a non-orthogonal non-staggered grid. An ACM induces a transformation between conservative and primitive variables; the physical relevance of ACM is to bring about “matrix preconditionings”, provoking density perturbations. The coupled algorithm is pressure-based; it benefits from enhanced accuracy and greater flexibility using the “monotone upstream-centered schemes for conservation laws (MUSCL)” approach. Numerical experiments in reference to “buoyancy-driven” flows with strong sources illustrate that the entire strategy augments overall damping capability and robustness adhering to the factored pseudo-time integration method. Conclusively, the associated limiter function has little influence on the high resolution for selected test cases.
Juno Spacecraft Measurements of Jupiter’s Gravity Imply a Dilute Core

The Juno spacecraft measured Jupiter’s gravity field and determined the even and odd zonal harmonics, J n , with unprecedented precision. However, interpreting these observations has been a challenge because it is difficult to reconcile the unexpectedly small magnitudes of the moments J 4 and J 6 with conventional interior models that assume a large, distinct core of rock and ice. Here we show that the entire set of gravity harmonics can be matched with models that assume an ab initio equation of state, wind profiles, and a dilute core of heavy elements that are distributed as far out as 63% of the planet’s radius. In the core region, heavy elements are predicted to be distributed uniformly and make up only 18% by mass because of dilution with hydrogen and helium. Our models are consistent with the existence of primary and secondary dynamo layers that will help explain the complexity of the observed magnetic field.
BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online and explicit emotional appraisal enhance the LPP in response to disgusted facial

The influence of prior exposure to disgusting imagery and the conscious appraisal of facial expressions were examined in an event related potential (ERP) experiment. Participants were exposed to either a disgust or a control manipulation and then presented with emotional and neutral expressions. An assessment of the gender of the face was required during half the blocks and an affective assessment of the emotion in the other half. The emotion-related EPN and LPP ERP components were examined for disgust and neutral stimuli. Results indicated that the EPN was enhanced for disgusted over neutral expressions. Prior disgust exposure modulated the middle phase of the LPP in response to disgusted but not neutral expressions, but only when the emotion of the face was explicitly evaluated. The late LPP was enhanced independently of stimuli when an emotional decision was made. Results demonstrated that exposure to disgusting imagery can affect the subsequent processing of disgusted facial expressions when the emotion is under conscious appraisal. facial but appraisal the with positivity for disgusted, relative to neutral, facial expressions following exposure. The latter effect only emerged when the participants were instructed to focus on the emotion of the stimuli, rather than the gender. These results highlight the ways in which visual processing of emotionally salient stimuli can be affected by prior emotional exposure and how emotional processing is driven by an interaction between stimulus properties and top down cognitive and mood influences.
PSR_2100103 1..17

doi:10.1017/S0003055421001039 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.