Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disruption of Z-RNA–binding of ADAR1 induces Aicardi-Goutières syndrome–like encephalopathy in mice

ADAR1 p150 is an enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing. Deletion of ADAR1 p150 results in embryonic lethality with a type I interferon (IFN) signature, caused by aberrant MDA5 sensing unedited transcripts. ADAR1 p150 contains a unique Z-DNA/RNA–binding domain α (Zα); however, the role of this domain remains unknown. A mutation has been identified in this domain in patients with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), an inherited interferonopathy, suggesting an essential role in avoiding MDA5 activation. Here, we show that a mutation in the Zα domain reduces the editing activity of ADAR1 p150 by comparing activity between wild-type and mutated isoforms expressed in Adar1/Adar2 knockout cells. Furthermore, we created Zα domain–mutated knock-in mice, which displayed severe growth retardation with abnormal organ development, including AGS-like encephalopathy with a type I IFN signature. These abnormalities were ameliorated by the concurrent deletion of MDA5. Collectively, Z-RNA–recognition contributes to ADAR1 p150–mediated RNA editing, which prevents MDA5 activation.
The dorsal hippocampus is required for the formation of long‐term duration memories in rats

Interval timing—the perception of durations mainly in seconds or minutes—is a ubiquitous behavior in organisms. Animal studies have suggested that the hippocampus plays an essential role in duration memory; however, the memory processes involved are unclear. To clarify the role of the dorsal hippocampus in the acquisition of long-term duration memories, we adapted the “time-shift paradigm” to a peak-interval procedure. After a sufficient number of training with an initial target duration (20 s), the rats underwent “shift sessions” with a new target duration (40 s) under a muscimol (0.5 μg per side) infusion into the bilateral dorsal hippocampus. The memory of the new target duration was then tested in drug-free “probe sessions,” including trials in which no lever presses were reinforced. In the probe sessions, the mean response rate distribution of the muscimol group was located leftward to the control group, but these two response rate distributions were superimposed on the standardized time axis, suggesting a scalar property. In the session-by-session analysis, the mean peak time (an index of timing accuracy) of the muscimol group was lower than that of the control group in the probe sessions, but not in the shift sessions. These findings suggest that the dorsal hippocampus is required for the formation of long-term duration memories within the range of interval timing.
In vitro assessment of the capacity of pesticides to act as agonists/antagonists of the thyroid hormone nuclear receptors

Several in vitro tests, including transcriptome analysis of neural cells, were performed to assess the capacity of 33 pesticides to act as thyroid hormone disruptors (THD). Although some pesticides elicit a cellular response, which interferes with thyroid hormone signaling, we found no evidence that they can act as receptor agonists or antagonists. We conclude that the nuclear receptors of thyroid hormone are not common targets of THD, and that pesticide neurodevelopmental toxicity is not explained by a general alteration of neural cell response to thyroid hormone.
The collective behavior of ant groups depends on group genotypic composition

Increasingly, researchers document variation between groups in collective behavior, but the genetic architecture of collective behavior and how the genotypic composition of groups affects collective behavior remains unclear. Social insects are ideal for studying the effects of genetic variation on collective behavior because their societies are defined by social interactions. To explore how the genetic composition of groups affects collective behavior, we constructed groups of pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis) from 33 genetically distinct colonies of known pedigree. The groups consisted of either all workers from the same single colony or workers from two genetically different colonies, and we assayed the exploration and aggression of the groups. We found that collective behavior depended on the specific genotypic combination of group members, i.e. we found evidence for genotype-by-genotype epistasis for both collective behaviors. Furthermore, the observed collective behavior of groups differed from the additive genetic expectations of groups, further demonstrating the importance of genotype-by-genotype effects. Finally, the collective aggression of the groups was negatively correlated with the pairwise relatedness estimates between workers within the group. Overall, this study highlights that specific combinations of genotypes influence group-level phenotypes and the difficulty of predicting group-level phenotypes using only additive models.
The Ca2+-activated cation channel TRPM4 is a positive regulator of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy

Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a consequence of pressure overload caused by systemic hypertension or aortic stenosis and is a strong predictor of cardiac failure and mortality. Understanding the molecular pathways in the development of pathological LVH may lead to more effective treatment. Here, we show that the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily melastatin 4 (TRPM4) ion channel is an important contributor to the mechanosensory transduction of pressure overload that induces LVH. In mice with pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for two weeks, cardiomyocyte TRPM4 expression was reduced, as compared to control mice. Cardiomyocyte-specific TRPM4 inactivation reduced by ~50% the degree of TAC-induced LVH, as compared with wild type (WT). In WT mice, TAC activated the CaMKIIδ-HDAC4-MEF2A but not the calcineurin-NFAT-GATA4 pathway. In TRPM4 knock-out mice, activation of the CaMKIIδ-HDAC4-MEF2A pathway by TAC was significantly reduced. However, consistent with a reduction in the known inhibitory effect of CaMKIIδ on calcineurin activity, reduction in the CaMKIIδ-HDAC4-MEF2A pathway was associated with partial activation of the calcineurin-NFAT-GATA4 pathway. These findings indicate that the TRPM4 channel and its cognate signalling pathway are potential novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of pathological pressure overload-induced LVH. Significance statement Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) occurs in response to pressure overload and remains the single most important clinical predictor of cardiac mortality. Preventing pressure overload LVH is a major goal of therapeutic intervention. Current treatments aim to remove the stimulus for LVH by lowering elevated blood pressure or replacing a stenotic aortic valve. However, neither of these interventions completely reverses adverse cardiac remodelling. Although numerous molecular signalling steps in the induction of LVH have been identified, the initial step by which mechanical stretch associated with cardiac pressure overload is converted into a chemical signal that initiates hypertrophic signalling, remains unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that the TRPM4 channel is a component of the mechanosensory transduction pathway that ultimately leads to LVH.
Evidence for distinct genetic and environmental influences on fear acquisition and extinction

Background Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent with an early age of onset. Understanding the aetiology of disorder emergence and recovery is important for establishing preventative measures and optimising treatment. Experimental approaches can serve as a useful model for disorder and recovery relevant processes. One such model is fear conditioning. We conducted a remote fear conditioning paradigm in monozygotic and dizygotic twins to determine the degree and extent of overlap between genetic and environmental influences on fear acquisition and extinction. Methods 1937 twins aged 22-25 years, including 538 complete pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) took part in a fear conditioning experiment delivered remotely via the Fear Learning and Anxiety Response (FLARe) smartphone app. In the fear acquisition phase participants were exposed to two neutral shape stimuli, one of which was repeatedly paired with a loud aversive noise, while the other was never paired with anything aversive. In the extinction phase the shapes were repeatedly presented again, this time without the aversive noise. Outcomes were participant ratings of how much they expected the aversive noise to occur when they saw either shape, throughout each phase. Results Twin analyses indicated a significant contribution of genetic effects to the initial acquisition and consolidation of fear, and the extinction of fear (15%, 30% and 15% respectively) with the remainder of variance due to the non-shared environment. Multivariate analyses revealed that the development of fear and fear extinction show moderate genetic overlap (genetic correlations .4-.5). Conclusions Fear acquisition and extinction are heritable, and share some, but not all of the same genetic influences.
Local adaptation, geographical distance and phylogenetic relatedness: Assessing the drivers of siderophore‐mediated social interactions in natural bacterial communities

In heterogenous, spatially structured habitats, individuals within populations can become adapted to the prevailing conditions in their local environment. Such local adaptation has been reported for animals and plants, and for pathogens adapting to hosts. There is increasing interest in applying the concept of local adaptation to microbial populations, especially in the context of microbe-microbe interactions. Here, we tested whether cooperation and cheating on cooperation can spur patterns of local adaptation in soil and pond communities of Pseudomonas bacteria, collected across a geographical scale of 0.5 to 50 meters. We focused on the production of pyoverdines, a group of secreted iron-scavenging siderophores that often differ among pseudomonads in their chemical structure and the receptor required for their uptake. A combination of supernatant-feeding and competition assays between isolates from four distance categories revealed tremendous variation in the extent to which pyoverdine non- and low-producers can benefit from pyoverdines secreted by producers. However, this variation was not explained by geographical distance, but primarily depended on the phylogenetic relatedness between interacting isolates. A notable exception occurred in local pond communities, where the effect of phylogenetic relatedness was eroded in supernatant assays, probably due to the horizontal transfer of receptor genes. While the latter result could be a signature of local adaptation, our results overall indicate that common ancestry and not geographical distance is the main predictor of siderophore-mediated social interactions among pseudomonads.
No support for white matter microstructural properties and connectivity differences in the combined and inattentive adhd presentations

Evidence from functional neuroimaging studies support neural differences between the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presentation types. It remains unclear if these neural deficits also manifest at the structural level. We have previously shown that the ADHD combined, and ADHD inattentive types demonstrate differences in graph properties of structural covariance suggesting an underlying difference in neuroanatomical organization. The goal of this study was to examine and validate white matter brain organization between the two subtypes using both scalar and connectivity measures of brain white matter. We used both tract-based spatial statistical (TBSS) and tractography analyses with network-based Statistics (NBS) and graph-theoretical analyses in a cohort of 35 ADHD participants (aged 8-17 years) defined using DSM-IV criteria as combined (ADHD-C) type (n=19) or as predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) type (n=16), and 28 matched neurotypical controls. We performed TBSS analyses on scalar measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean (MD), radial (RD), and axial (AD) diffusivity to assess differences in WM between ADHD types and controls. NBS and graph theoretical analysis of whole brain inter-regional tractography examined connectomic differences and brain network organization, respectively. None of the scalar measures significantly differed between ADHD types or relative to controls. Similarly, there were no tractography connectivity differences between the two subtypes and relative to controls using NBS. Global and regional graph measures were also similar between the groups. A single significant finding was observed for nodal degree between the ADHD-C and controls, in the right insula (corrected p=.029). Our result of no white matter differences between the subtypes is consistent with most previous findings. These findings together might suggest that the white matter structural architecture is largely similar between the DSM-based ADHD presentations.
Adsorption Isotherms and Mordant Dyeing Properties of Tea Polyphenols on Wool, Silk, and Nylon

The adsorption behaviors of tea polyphenols (TP) on wool, silk, and nylon at pH 4.0 were investigated. The Langmuir−Nernst model had the best fitting to the adsorption isotherms. The analysis of adsorption mechanism suggested that the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions operating between TP and fibers contribute to Langmuir adsorption, whereas other interactions (hydrophobic interaction and van der Waals forces) contribute to Nernst partition adsorption. Langmuir adsorption had greater contribution to total adsorption of TP on nylon, whereas partition adsorption imparted greater influence to TP adsorption on silk. In terms of the mordant dyeing of TP, silk and wool displayed much deeper color than nylon due to their higher content of the functional groups having the complex-forming ability, although they had lower adsorption capability for TP than nylon. The colors of the dyed fabrics mordanted with different metallic salts as well as their depth, were greatly dependent on the chemical nature .
THE EFFECTS OF COMPOST AND CROP ROTATIONS ON CARBON TURNOVER AND THE PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER FRACTION

Management practices that influence the quantity of C inputs returned to the soil from cropping systems and compost applications alter subsequent biotic activity broadly, contribute to seasonal fluctuations in nutrient dynamics, and may increase C sequestration. The effects of crop rotations and compost applications on soil-C sequestration and decompostion, and the turnover time of C4-derived corn C were assessed via changes in the C content and 13C values of particulate organic matter (POM) and total soil organic C (SOC). The majority of organic inputs entered the POM fraction, defined as the sand-sized soil separates remaining on a 53-μm sieve after removal of residues (>2 mm), dispersion in 5% sodium polyphosphate, and 12 h of shaking. Before the application of compost to soil, 85% of the C in the compost material was classified as POM. Measurements of POM-C in the soil were 45% higher and SOC was 16% greater where compost was applied in place of N fertilizer. Addition of compost to POM-C diminished the value of POM as an indicator of short-term changes in nutrient dynamics. However, POM-C remaining from compost applications made during the period 1993 to 1997 may be an indicator of enhanced macroaggregate stability: improved soil tilth and the retention of soil C and N. The turnover time of C4-derived C in the POM fraction was 11 years compared with 22 years in SOC. The presence of compost C did not affect the turnover time of corn-derived C. High cropping intensity and chisel plow management increased C sequestration relative to the preceding alfalfa management.
Multivariate diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in banana

A data bank was established through field experimentation and survey of cropping enterprises for Robusta and Ney Poovan cultivars of banana. The cultivar differences were assessed by discriminant analysis. The two cultivars differed only for potassium (K) and calcium (Ca). Common multivariate compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) norms were derived for routine diagnostic purposes using the data bank. Further, the principle component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the correlation structure among the nutrient elements in the high yielding population. The PCA conducted on log-transformed data provided three significant PCs and accounted for about 60% of the variance. The inverse relationship between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and K on one hand and Ca and magnesium (Mg) on the other was highlighted in PC (N+P+Ca−Mg−), which explained about 23.6% of the variance. Elucidean distance (“d”) computed from PCs provided nutrient element imbalance index for the crop. The diagnosis of overall nutrient imbalance in banana was made comparing the leaf nutrient concentrations with the CND norms. The imbalance of nutrients as reflected in “d” value was more with seven split applications of N and K compared to four split applications. The CND indices were instrumental in diagnosis treatment dependent P and zinc (Zn) imbalance in banana.
Running head: PERCEPTUAL QUALITY AS A FUNCTION OF EEG ACTIVITY

13 Detection of visual stimuli fluctuates over time, and these fluctuations have been shown 14 to correlate with time-domain evoked activity and frequency-domain periodic activity. However, 15 it is unclear if these fluctuations are related to a change in guess rate, perceptual quality, or both. 16 Here we determined whether the quality of perception randomly varies across trials or is fixed so 17 that the variability is the same. Then we estimated how perceptual quality and guess rate on an 18 orientation perception task relates to EEG activity. Response errors were fitted to variable 19 precision models and the standard mixture model to determine whether perceptual quality is 20 from a varying or fixed distribution. Overall, the best fit was the standard mixture model that 21 assumes response variability can be defined by a fixed distribution. 22 The power and phase of 2-7 Hz post-target activities were found to vary along with task 23 performance in that more accurate trials had greater power, and the preferred phase differed 24 significantly between accurate and guess trials. Guess rate and σ were significantly lower on 25 trials with high 2-3 Hz power than low and the difference started around 250 ms post-target. 26 These effects coincide with changes in the P3 ERP: there was a more positive deflection in the 27 accurate trials vs guesses. These results suggest that the spread of errors (perceptual quality) can 28 be characterized by a fixed range of values. Where the errors fall within that range is modulated 29 by the post-target power in the lower frequency bands and their analogous ERPs. 30
Solubility of hydroxy-aluminum interlayers and imogolite in a spodosol

Information on the thermodynamic stability of minerals is essential when describing dissolution-precipitation reactions. The solubility of imogolite in the Bs and BC horizons of a Spodosol influenced by volcanic ash in the Cascade Range, Washington, was studied using batch chemical equilibrium modeling at 25°C and 0.1 MPa pressure. Imogolite was found to be a major component of the clay fraction in the Bs and BC horizons of these soils using transmissing electron microscopy (TEM) and selective dissolution techniques. Soil solutions were collected in 60-, 120-, and 180-d intervals from soils (<2 mm) equilibrated in 0.01 M NaCl at initial pH 5.7 or 3.5 under conditions of both under- and oversaturation. The pH, total and labile (inorganic monomeric) Al, labile (monomeric) Si were determined. We used a computer speciation model to calculate the activities of Al, H 4 SiO 4 , F, SO 4 , and other species including a soluble aluminosilicate complex. Soil solutions appeared to be in equilibrium with interlayer Al(OH) 3 of 2: 1 phyllosilicates ans natural imogolite in the Bs and BC horizon soils, based on the most recent free energy values for synthetic and natural imogolites. The equilibrium activity of H 2 SiO 4 was 10 −3.7±0.08 . Soil solutions were oversaturated with respect to gibbsite (3pH+log Al 3+ =8.73±0.16). Interlayer Al(OH) 3 appeared to have a higher solubility than well-crystallized gibbsite. Assuming equilibrium with the soil solution, imogolite in this Spodosol was more soluble (log K 25C [equilibrium constant at 25°C and 0.1 MPa]=13.76±0.25) than its synthetic counterpart (log K 25C =13.04±0.14), but not different from a japanese natural imogolite (log k 25C =13.56±0.18)
Electrophoretic deposition of boehmite particles to improve the anti-corrosion behavior of anodized aluminum alloy 2024-T3

The purpose of this study was to prepare and evaluate a new two-step sealing process for a porous and tortuous anodic film, prepared on aluminum alloy (AA) 2024-T3, to ensure anti-corrosion properties. This process involves a cathodic electrophoretic deposition of boehmite particles, followed by a hydrothermal post-treatment. This two-step sealing was evaluated through three industrial tests (dye-spot, continuity and salt spray) and the low frequency resistance. Such sealing of the anodic film on AA 2024-T3 showed promising anti-corrosion behavior, suggesting a real potential interest of this innovative process for future industrial applications.
Analysis of accountants' attitudes on regulation using data mining

The subject of this research is evaluation of legal and international accounting regulations in terms of major deficiencies from the perspective of their users. Identification of the shortcomings of the current accounting regulations is important for improvement of laws governing accounting and audit practices, as they are in the process of public debate in the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted to provide answers to the following research questions: What are the main deficiencies of regulations as considered by accountants? How do accountants get information on accounting regulations? And are the two research questions related? The targeted population comprises accountants and auditors employed in the private sector. Data collection was carried throughout the period of six months, during which we collected 338 fully completed questionnaires for the purposes of the study. Collected data was analysed using clustering data mining technique. Clustering algorithms enabled segmentation of surveyed accountants into well-separated and homogeneous groups of similar accountants. Analysis of the resulting clusters gave insights into the opinion and stance of accountants who exhibit similar characteristics. These insights form a solid basis for drawing conclusions on deficiencies of accounting regulations perceived by accountants in Serbia, which they are dealing with in day-to-day business.