Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genotype X environment interaction, stability and agronomic performance of carotenoid-rich cassava clones

Cassava is widely consumed in Africa where malnutrition is rampant; there is, therefore, a major effort to produce micronutrient biofortified cassava. Adoption of such cassava genotypes will largely depend on their agronomic performance, resistance to biotic stresses, and the stability of these traits. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the influence of genotype (G) environment (E), and G x E interaction on fresh root yield (FRY), dry root yield (DRY), dry matter content (DM), cassava mosaic disease (CMD), bacterial blight (CBB), cassava anthracnose diseases (CAD), and cassava green mite (CGM) in carotenoid-rich cassava, (ii) evaluate performance of the selected clones for the traits and establish any linear relationships between them, and (iii) determine the most stable clones for FRY, DRY, and DM. Genotypes were evaluated over two years (2004/2005, 2005/2006) at five locations in Nigeria. All clones expressed mild CBB and CAD symptoms; eleven clones did not have CMD symptoms, while CGM was the most severe biotic stress. There were significant negative correlations between CMD and CBB, CBB and CAD, CBB and FRY, CBB and DRY, CAD and CGM, and CGM and FRY. This implies that selecting for one trait in a pair may be indirectly selecting against the other. There were significant positive correlations between CMD and CAD, CMD and FRY, CMD and DRY, CBB and CGM, CAD and FRY, and CAD and DRY. This implies that improving one trait in a pair may indirectly improve the other. G effects had the largest impact on CMD, CGM, and DM; location effect (L) had largest impact on CBB, CAD, FRY and DRY. Effects of L, G x L and G x year x L interaction were significant for all traits. The high influence of E on FRY, DRY, CBB, and CAD, will limit progress in breeding and selection for these traits in carotenoid-rich cassava. The substantial E and G x E effects on CMD, CGM, and DM, albeit with high G effects, suggest prospects for advance in breeding for these
Residual phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid in soil and its concentration in soil water under different soil moisture conditions

The relationship between the residual phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid (2-chloro-N-[2-ethoxyethyl]-N-[2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propenyl] acetamide) on rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kiyohatamochi) seedlings and its behavior in soil was investigated under different moisture conditions. The phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid on the shoot growth of rice seedlings in soil was higher in 80% soil moisture content than in 70% and 60% soil moisture contents. The phytotoxic activity in soil in 70% and 80% soil moisture conditions decreased with the increasing time after application, but the phytotoxic activity was slight in 50% soil moisture conditions at any given time after application. The residues of pethoxamid in soil water, the amount adsorbed on soil solid, and the amount in total soil was reduced with the time after application in a similar manner among these soil moisture conditions. The residual phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid on the shoot growth of rice seedlings in soil was more highly correlated with the concentration in soil water than with the amounts adsorbed on soil solid and in total soil. The partition coefficients between the amounts of pethoxamid adsorbed on soil solid and its concentration in soil water were similar among the soils with different moisture conditions at each day, and the partition coefficient increased with the time after application. These results suggested that the residual phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid in soil depends on the decreasing concentration of pethoxamid in soil water with time, except in low soil-moisture conditions, which were insufficient for seedling growth.
Stability of total carotenoid concentration and fresh yield of selected yellow-fleshed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

The effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and G x E interaction on carotenoid concentration and yield of 25 yellow-fleshed (YF) and three white-fleshed (WF) cassava genotypes were investigated at five locations in Nigeria for two consecutive cropping seasons. The locations represented the major cassava growing agroecologies in the country and the objective was to identify stable cassava clones for yield and carotenoid levels. Location (L) and G main effects, and year (Y) x L and G x L interactions were significant (p<0.001) for fresh yield and total carotenoid concentrations; G x L was the largest component of G x E. AMMI analysis revealed that carotenoid concentration is a stable trait, while yield is relatively unstable. The most stable genotypes for total carotenoid concentration with levels above the overall mean were 01/1277, 01/1235, 01/1371, 01/1413, and 01/1442. Likewise, the most stable clones for yield with above average performance were 01/1235, 94/0006, and 01/1206. The high G and low E effects, and the relatively low GEI on total carotenoid concentration imply that evaluation and selection can be effectively done in fewer environments to distinguish clones with high and stable performance while yield requires early testing in diverse and multiple environments to identify genotypes with broad and specific adaptations. Our results suggest that it is possible to breed cassava with high and stable performance for both yield and carotenoid contents.
Photobehavior as an inducible defense in the marine copepod Calanopia americana

The photoresponses of Calanopia americana involved in diel vertical migration (DVM) were tested after exposure of copepods to the following predator kairomones: (1) crude body mucus from fish (Fundulus heteroclitus), (2) crude body mucus from ctenophores (Mnemiopsis leidyi), and (3) <10‐kDa F. heteroclitus odor. Crude mucus (10% v/v) from fish and ctenophores and <10‐kDa fish odor at several concentrations (0.01–10% v/v) either shifted or removed the ascent response of C. americana to relative rates of irradiance decrease that occur at sunset. The estimated concentrations of uronic acids and sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the test solutions are consistent with bioactive kairomone molecules being modified amino sugars. The phenotypic plasticity of photoresponses underlying DVM in this marine copepod species indicates that vertical migration in some marine crustacean zooplankton is likely an inducible defense, as reported for crustacean zooplankton from other habitats.
Quantitative difference in bacterial abundance determined with each protocol for SYBR Green I and 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) methods

Bacterial abundance determined with SYBR Green I and 4� 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) methods were compared using the protocol for each method employing epifluorescence microscopy. This comparison, using seawater samples that were col- lected from Sagami Bay, revealed that the abundance determined with the SYBR Green I method was on average 1.6 fold greater than that with the DAPI method. A model 2 regression analysis showed the following relationship: Log SYBR Green I�� 0.238� 1.08 Log DAPI (r 2 � 0.85, n� 68, p� 0.0001). These results suggest that when the method is switched between the SYBR Green I and DAPI methods, the difference in bacterial abundance determined by the two methods should be con- sidered for a quantitatively consistent assessment of the bacterial biomass in the ocean.
The Efficacy of Wire and Glue Hair Snares in Identifying Mesocarnivores

Abstract Track plates and cameras are proven methods for detecting and identifying fishers (Martes pennanti) and other mesocarnivores. But these methods are inadequate to achieve demographic and population-monitoring objectives that require identifying sex and individuals. Although noninvasive collection of biological material for genetic analysis (i.e., hair-snaring methods) may help achieve these objectives, they have yet to be evaluated. We incorporated wire- and glue-snares into track-plate enclosures in bait stations deployed at 3 locations in California, USA, in 2002 and 2003 to compare their efficacy. We detected 5 species of carnivores via their tracks, fisher and marten (M. americana) most frequently. We collected 96 hair samples, 71 (80%) of which had sufficient DNA to yield a species identification. The wire-snares were more permeable to all species, but both snares were permeable to fishers. Glue-snares were more effective at collecting hair than the wire-snare configuration used. Small species, such as the marten, did not readily leave hair on the wire-snare. Glue was more cumbersome to handle than wire, but, given that it collected more hair and more reliably, we favor use of a glue-snare for fisher surveys. Glue also was effective at collecting hair that was correctly identified as marten on 72% of visits by martens. The hair-snaring method resulted in a 58% and 75% rate of successful identification of fishers that entered the enclosure for wire and glue, respectively. Most failures were due to either insufficient DNA in the sample or no hair snared during a visit to the bait. The success of verifying the presence of a species also was affected when a second species visited the station between check intervals. We believe that changes in laboratory technique can mitigate this problem. Although only 75% of the visits by fishers to glue-snares resulted in hair that yielded sufficient DNA for confirmation, we believe this success rate guarantees a high probability that the presence of a fisher would be confirmed by at least one of their visits to a multiple-station sample unit in which each station is checked several times. A sample of hair from fishers and martens were selected for individual identification, and 9 of the 12 fisher samples had sufficient DNA to identify a minimum of 6 different individuals. Track and genetic methods need not compete for use by carnivore surveyors; each is inexpensive enough when deployed in the integrated unit we tested here to justify their use as companion methods. However, additional innovations will be necessary to increase the number of species that can be detected by track and genetic means at the same location.
Pyroxasulfone with and without Sulfentrazone in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

Abstract Pyroxasulfone (KIH-485) is a seedling growth-inhibiting herbicide developed by Kumiai America that has the potential to control weeds in sunflower. However, little is known about how this herbicide will interact with various soil types and environments when combined with sulfentrazone. The objective of this research was to evaluate sunflower injury and weed control with pyroxasulfone applied with and without sulfentrazone across the Great Plains sunflower production area. A multisite study was initiated in spring 2007 to evaluate sunflower response to pyroxasulfone applied PRE at 0, 167, 208, or 333 g ai ha−1. In 2008, pyroxasulfone was applied alone and in tank mixture with sulfentrazone. In 2007, no sunflower injury was observed with any rate of pyroxasulfone at any location except Highmore, SD, where sunflower injury was 17%, 4 wk after treatment (WAT) with 333 g ha−1. In 2008, sunflower injury ranged from 0 to 4% for all treatments. Adding sulfentrazone did not increase injury. Sunflower yield was only reduced in treatments in which weeds were not effectively controlled. These treatments included the untreated control and pyroxasulfone at 167 g ha−1. Sunflower yield did not differ among the other treatments of pyroxasulfone or sulfentrazone applied alone or in combination. The addition of sulfentrazone to pyroxasulfone improved control of foxtail barley, prostrate pigweed, wild buckwheat, Palmer amaranth, and marshelder, but not large crabgrass or green foxtail. The combination of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone did not reduce control of any of the weeds evaluated. Nomenclature: Pyroxasulfone (KIH-485); sulfentrazone; foxtail barley, Hordeum jubatum L. HORJU; green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVI; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSA; marshelder, Iva xanthifolia Nutt. IVAXA; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPA; prostrate pigweed, Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats AMABL; wild buckwheat, Polygonum convolvulus L. POLCO; sunflower, Helianthus annuus L
Seasonal variations of malaria transmission in Western Cameroon highlands: entomological, parasitological and clinical investigations.

A cross-sectional study on malaria transmission was carried out in Mangoum, a village situated in the western highland region of Cameroon in October 2005 and May 2006, to assess malaria parasite prevalence in a cohort of children and vectors biting habits and entomological inoculation rate. Mosquitoes were collected by landing catches on volunteers. Members of the
Perspectives de mise en place de la Régénération Naturelle Assistée pour l'amélioration de jachères apicoles, en périphérie de la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki (RDC)

Tous les documents placés en accès ouvert sur le site le site MatheO sont protégés par le droit d'auteur. Conformément aux principes énoncés par la "Budapest Open Access Initiative"(BOAI, 2002), l'utilisateur du site peut lire, télécharger, copier, transmettre, imprimer, chercher ou faire un lien vers le texte intégral de ces documents, les disséquer pour les indexer, s'en servir de données pour un logiciel, ou s'en servir à toute autre fin légale (ou prévue par la réglementation relative au droit d'auteur). Toute utilisation du document à des fins commerciales est strictement interdite.
Seeding method and rate influence on weed suppression in aerobic rice

-2 (SR400); and two weed control levels were established as weedy (W) and weed free (F) in a factorial RCBD with four replications. Twenty (20) weed species comprising eleven broadleaved, five grasses and four sedges were identified. Broadleaved weeds contributed more than 50% of the total dry matter. Weed density and dry weight decreased gradually with increased seeding rate, but were independent of methods. REW produced significantly higher grain yield compared with CBS. Among the seeding rates, SR300 produced the highest grain yield followed by SR200 and SR400. Weed free treatment performed better with a yield advantage of 23% over weedy treatment. Weed inflicted relative yield loss did not vary due to seeding methods or rates. Therefore, increasing seeding rate up to 300 seeds m -2 may be
Morphosyntactic Knowledge in Late Second Language Learners and Heritage Speakers of Russian

The current study pursues two goals. First, it establishes developmental trajectories in the acquisition of 10 morphosyntactic features of Russian by American learners, using a grammaticality judgment task (GJT), an offline test of morphosyntactic knowledge that allows for direct comparison of native and nonnative performance through a highly controlled set of materials. Second, it compares the performance of late second language learners and heritage speakers (early learners) of Russian matched in global proficiency as established by the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI), and ranging from Intermediate to Superior proficiency. The study demonstrates that heritage speakers outperform late second language learners on most, but not all the morphosyntactic features tested in the GJT. These findings shed new light on the development of nonnative grammatical knowledge in early and late learners of Russian, and will inform Russian language curriculum development.
Tomato root growth is influenced by tillage, cover cropping, and nitrogen fertilization.

The influence of tillage [no-till (NT) vs. moldboard plowing (MP)], cover crop [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) (HV) vs. no hairy vetch (NHV)], and N fertilization (0 and 180 kg.ha -1 N) on root distribution and growth rate of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants was examined in the field from May to August in 1996 and 1997. Experiments were conducted on a Norfolk sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Kandiudults) in central Georgia. Root growth was estimated every 1 to 2 weeks with minirhizotron tubes installed in the plot. Roots were well distributed at soil depths between 1 and 58.5 cm and a maximum root count of 3.14 roots/cm 2 soil profile area was found at 19.5-cm depth with MP and no N fertilization in 1996. In general, NT with HV or with 0 kg-ha-' N increased root proliferation at a depth of 6.5 to 19.5 cm, while MP with 180 kg.ha -1 N increased root proliferation at greater depths. Total root count between 1 and 58.5 cm was not influenced by management practices, but increased linearly at rates of 0.35 roots/cm 2 per day from 20 June to 11 July 1996, and 0.03 roots/cm 2 per day from 16 May to 5 Aug. 1997. Root growth thereafter was minimal. Because of the higher temperature during early development, growth rate and number of roots were greater in 1996 than in 1997. Superior moisture conservation, accompanied by increased N availability, may have increased root proliferation in the surface soil in NT with HV or with 0 kg.ha -1 N compared with NT with NHV or with 180 kg.ha -1 N, and MP with or without HV or with or without N fertilization. Root growth, however, was not related with aboveground tomato yield.
A Subject Domain Model of Kenya’s Cadastral System

During the recent past, Kenya has initiated several Land Information Management Systems (LIMS) initiatives, most notably the National Land Information Management System. These initiatives have only been partially successful, which is attributable to, among other factors, the absence of an accepted cadastral data model. As a result, the country risks non-standard data and processes, poor quality land information and increased cost of land information management. With this in mind, this study addresses two objectives: first, to document a subject domain model (i.e. a model highlighting the things that a typical LIMS deals with, such as land parcels, tenure, and their interrelationships) of Kenya’s cadastral system anchored on contemporary legal framework. Secondly, to derive a mapping between the data model and the Land Administration Domain Model. The methodology involves desk review of prevailing literature on land information management including the legal framework, and analysis of primary data collected through a questionnaire. The developed model will contribute to better development of LIMS, which will address Kenya’s lack of reliable land information, despite several past initiatives without tangible success.
GEL‐FORMING ABILITY OF COMMON CARP FISH (CYPRINUS CARPIO) MEAT: EFFECT OF FREEZING AND FROZEN STORAGE

Effect of freezing and frozen storage on gel-forming ability of muscle from fresh water fish, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), was investigated. Fresh carp meat had good gel-forming ability as revealed by large strain test (gel strength of 1027 g·cm) and dynamic viscoelastic behavior. Freezing and frozen storage at −18C for 180 days significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the gel-forming ability of common carp meat. Reduction in protein solubility and calcium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase enzyme activity of common carp meat during frozen storage was also significant (P < 0.05). Structural change of proteins during frozen storage was evident from reduced viscosity and gel filtration profile. Higher drip loss and reduction in gel-forming ability of carp meat is attributed to denaturation of proteins during frozen storage.
The potential Anti-Inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Proanthocyanidins in acetic acid–induced ulcerative colitis in rats

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the anti-colitic effect of Proanthocyanidins (Pcs) on acetic acid -induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Methods: Forty male rats (220-250 g) were divided into five equal groups. Group Ι:(Control normal group) rats received no drugs. Group Π: (Early UC-induced group) rats received 3% acetic acid (2ml/rat) intracolonially and sacrificed 3 days later from induction. Group III:(Late UC –induced group) rats received acetic acid similar to group 2 and sacrificed after 21 days. Group IV:(Early UC+Pcs protected group) rats received Pcs (200 mg/kg body weight/day) orally for 21 days prior to acetic acid administration for UC induction. Group V:(Late UC+Pcs treated group) treated with Pcs as in group III for 21 days after UC induction. Results: A significant increase in L-MDA and MOP with marked decrease in GSH and CAT activity in colon of acetic acid -induced colitis in rats as compared with control group. However, a significant depletion of colon tissue L-MDA, MOP and marked increase in GSH and CAT activity were observed after Pcs treatment compared to ulcerated untreated rats. The qPCR results revealed a significant upregulation of mRNA gene expression levels of TNF-α, COX-2 and a significant downregulation in TGF-β1 in colon of acetic acid -induced UC in rats. The expression levels of TNF-α, COX-2 was significantly downregulated and a significant upregulated in TGF-β1 in colon tissues after administration of Pcs. Conclusions: Proanthocyanidins protects rats colon mucosa damage against acetic acid -induced ulcerative colitis via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms.
Efficacy of four essential oils against Sitophilus granarius (L.) adults after short-term exposure

A trial was conducted to assess the fumigant toxicity of the essential oils from Rosmarinus officinalis L. , Salvia officinalis L. , Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and Mentha balsamea Willd. against the adults of Sitophilus granarius (L.). The relationships between the time after treatment (1, 2, and 3 days), temperature (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C), concentrati on of essential oils (2.4 and 7.4 ml/L air) and mortality were investigated. In the experiment, the efficacy of the essential oils at 40°C was 95%, whereas thei r efficacy was considerably lower at lower temperatures (from 12 to 36%). Throughout the experiment, the essential oil of rosemary proved to be the most effective fumigant, causing more than 60% mortality of the granary weevil adults. When applying the essential oil of rosemary, more than 50% mortality in the adults of granary weevil was attained at 35°C ( 89%) and 40°C (99%). A satisfactory efficacy of the other essential oils, common lavender (90%), peppermint (97%) and common sage (94%), was attained only at the highest temperature. The activities of the essential oils were better at higher concentrations (36%) than at lower concentrations (32%). When assessing the effect of the concentration on the adult mortality, we achieved more than 50% efficacy only with rosemary (2.4 ml/L of air, 58%; 7.4 ml/L of air, 63%). The data for the other essential oils ranged between 19% (peppermint, 2.4 ml/L of air) and 34% (common sage, 7.4 ml/L of air). The calculated values for the LC 50 and LC 90 showed that only rosemary produced satisfactory fumigant activity on the adult granary weevils, especially in relation to the temperature. However, the positive efficacy identified in our laboratory experiments needs to be validated under conditions similar to those of the applied conditions, that is, warehouses.
Uroptychodes , new genus of Chirostylidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with description of three new species

Examination of materials collected from Indonesia, New Caledonia and vicinity, now deposited in the Museum National d´Histoire Naturelle, disclosed three additional undescribed species of chirostylids belonging to the Uroptychus spinimarginatus group. The group is now shifted to a distinct genus Uroptychodes. Uroptychus grandirostris Yokoya, 1933, which can be transferred to Uroptychodes, has been a problematic species because of the brevity of the original description and the loss of the type material. However, a recent finding of a specimen, which is in poor condition, very much like the illustration of U. grandirostris by Yokoya (1933: Fig. 29), but different from the description of U. grandirostris given by van Dam (1939) for one of the type specimens, suggests that the type material of U. grandirostris includes at least two species. In this paper a neotype is selected for U. grandirostris . The genus Uroptychodes now contains 10 species. All these species are reviewed and a key to the species of the genus is provided.