Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrition and Quality in Ornamental Plants

The visual quality of ornamental plants is necessarily linked to an adequate balance of nutrients. Plant height, shape and coloration are qualitative aspects of ornamental species, directly influenced by mineral nutrition, among other environmental aspects. The nutritional requirements of ornamental species are not yet well established, often resulting in inefficient use of chemical and organic fertilizers, without respecting the needs of each species as well as the proper time for application. This leads to the low quality of the final product, as well as high production costs, which justifies the importance of a nutritional knowledge of the species. In addition to plant nutrients, some elements not considered essential, such as silicon, may provide improvements in the quality of certain species, including ornamental plants. In this sense, this paper aims to compile information on the use of nutrients for ornamental species in order to contribute to the knowledge of the principal aspects of plant quality as relates to mineral nutrition.
Comportamiento del germoplasma arbóreo forrajero en condiciones de Cuba

Se evaluaron 60 accesiones de arboreas y arbustivas, con el objetivo de seleccionar lenosas promisorias para la alimentacion del ganado bovino, a partir de un proceso selectivo secuencial de un germoplasma colectado e introducido. La colecta del germoplasma potencialmente promisorio se hizo en varias regiones de Cuba, mientras que los ensayos experimentales se realizaron en la Estacion Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes "Indio Hatuey". Se utilizaron como variables: la germinacion, la supervivencia, el ataque de plagas y enfermedades, la altura, el periodo de establecimiento, la produccion de biomasa comestible, lenosa y total, el numero de ramas y la dinamica de crecimiento de los rebrotes; y como indicadores de la composicion bromatologica se estudiaron, en las hojas y los tallos tiernos, los porcentajes de materia seca, fibra bruta, proteina bruta, calcio y fosforo. Los resultados experimentales en vivero manifestaron una alta variabilidad entre las accesiones, en lo cual sobresalieron cuatro accesiones de Bauhinia y una de los generos Albizia, Enterolobium, Gliricidia, Guazuma, Lonchocarpus, Schizolobium, Morus y Trichanthera . Hubo diferencias entre y dentro de las accesiones evaluadas en cuanto al comportamiento en la etapa de establecimiento; 13 de Leucaena , siete de Albizia , seis de Bauhinia , dos de Enterolobium , dos de Cassia y una de los generos Morus, Gmelina, Gliricidia y Moringa fueron las mas destacadas. En la etapa de aceptabilidad las accesiones mas ramoneadas fueron: 13 de Leucaena , dos de Bauhinia y una de los generos Albizia, Enterolobium, Erythrina, Gliricidia y Morus . A diferencia de lo que ocurre con las plantas forrajeras herbaceas, los indicadores de la composicion bromatologica tuvieron muy poca variacion en sus valores por efecto de la epoca y las mayores variaciones correspondieron a las especies. Se concluye que, por su comportamiento general, se destacaron como potencialmente utiles para la ganaderia las especies: Albizia lebbeck, Bauhinia sp. , Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Gliricidia sepium, Morus nigra, Leucaena leucocephala CIAT-8069 , L. leucocephala CIAT-9415 , L. leucocephala CIAT-9421 , L. leucocephala CIAT-9437 , L. leucocephala CIAT-17223 , L. leucocephala CIAT-17480 , L. leucocephala CIAT-18481 , L. leucocephala CIAT-18483 , L. leucocephala CIAT-7872 , L. leucocephala CNIA-250 , L. leucocephala CIAT-17498 , L. leucocephala cv. Cunningham y L. macrophylla CIAT-17240 . Palabras clave: Arboles, arbustos, germoplasma.
Senescence and oxidative stress in wallflowers and Arabidopsis

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) together with other signalling molecules including phytohormones regulate plant growth and senescence as well as responses to abiotic stress and pathogens. One aim of this thesis was to investigate how ROS and phytohormones regulate progression of senescence in wallflower petals. A second aim of this thesis was to investigate how SAG21, previously found to be elevated in wallflower petals, functions during development, senescence and stress in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. In wallflowers (Chapter 3), onset of petal senescence was characterized by a rise in ethylene and auxin, followed by ROS accumulation. In parallel, transcript levels for markers of senescence, ethylene biosynthesis and auxin-response also increased with age. However, SAG21 peaked earlier, before visible senescence. Treatments that aimed to increase cytokinin levels or reduce ethylene delayed progression of senescence and time to petal abscission compared to controls. In contrast, ethylene hastened both processes. Marker genes analysed displayed differential expression patterns. Patterns of ROS-related enzyme activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were also investigated in relation to wallflower petal and leaf senescence. SAG21 (previously named AtLEA5 in Arabidopsis) belongs to the late embryogenesis- associated (LEA) protein family, implicated in growth and redox responses. A SAG21-YFP fusion was localized to Arabidopsis mitochondria (Chapter 4). Over-expression (OEX) of SAG21 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased root and shoot biomass, whereas antisense (AS) lines exhibited reduced biomass. Root and shoot development, flowering and senescence were altered in transgenic lines. Transgenic lines exhibited marked root hair phenotypes (Chapter 5). Abiotic stress induced stress induced SAG21 expression in roots but not leaves. Growth of B. cinerea and of a virulent bacterial pathogen {Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) was affected by SAG21 expression, however growth of an avirulent P.syringae strain was unaffected (Chapter 6). These data show that SAG21 is regulated by a complex signalling network.
Energetic costs at different levels of feeding in juvenile cod, Gadus morhua L.

The energetic costs associated with feeding by juvenile cod were determined by means of an open-circuit respirometer. Fish acclimated to several temperatures (7, 10, 15 and 18°C) were kept at natural lighting levels, and fed inside their individual respirometers. They consumed a diet compounded from natural foods, at five different ration levels, their oxygen consumption being monitored continually over an 11–16 day period. After each meal the rate of oxygen consumption increased to above the pre-feeding level, reaching a peak 8–10 h later. With each successive meal the oxygen consumption showed a cumulative increase, reaching a maximum usually after the last meal. The elevation in metabolic rate associated with feeding was dependent upon ration size, increasing linearly as the food intake increased. The effect was also dependent upon temperature; for fish fed to satiation the total energy cost was equivalent to 11.9, 10.9, 16.4 and 17.1% of the ingested energy at 7, 10, 15 and 18°C respectively. For resting satiated fish the rate of oxygen consumption was close to the maximum rate for active fish.
Selectivity of Bromoxynil in a Resistant and a Susceptible Species

The selectivity of 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Nugaines), a resistant species, and coast fiddleneck (Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Mey.), a susceptible species, was concluded to be the result of a complex of interactions. Wheat was 109 times more tolerant of bromoxynil than was coast fiddleneck. More spray solution was retained by coast fiddleneck plants than by wheat. Bromoxynil penetrated more rapidly into leaves of coast fiddleneck than of wheat. However, these factors did not fully explain bromoxynil selectivity. When differential spray retention and bromoxynil penetration was accounted for, it was estimated that coast fiddleneck was 30 times more susceptible than wheat.
Analysis of water quality in Polluted Sagar Lake by investigating different physico-chemical parameters

Sagar Lake is located in the centre of Sagar city in Madhya Pradesh. This lake is surrounded by agricultural fields, industries, hospital, bus stand and slums. The waste from the industries and surrounding localities is directly discarded into the lake. To evaluate the water quality of this lake, study was carried out for the period of one year from January to December 2014. Monthly water samples were collected to analyze different physico-chemical parameters and obtained results were compared with standard values. The pollution status was investigated on the basis of obtained results of physico-chemical parameters of water. High level of variation was recorded during analysis, as a result of human activity and discharge of waste water to the lake. If similar condition will be continued for longer period of time , then very soon Sagar Lake will becomes biologically inactive.
Study on the performance of some varieties of China aster (Callistephus chinensis Ness.) in Andhra Pradesh

An experiment was conducted to identify suitable variety(s) of China aster under open-conditions at the Agricultural Research Institute, APHU, Hyderabad during the year 2008–09. The results revealed a highly significant variation for various growths, floral, and flower yield parameters among the seven varieties. The maximum plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, plant spread and number of leaves at all stage of plant growth was noted in Phule Ganesh Violet. With regards to flowering traits, Phule Ganesh Pink recorded minimum number of days for first flower bud initiation (57.20), first flowering (66.73), 50% flowering (85.67) and flowering duration (60.96). Phule Ganesh White produced maximum flower diameter (7.37 cm), stalk length (34.78 cm) and vase life both as cut (9.13 days) and loose (4.73 days) flower. Phule Ganesh White also gave maximum number of flower per plant (36.73) and yield both per plant (208.81 g) and per hectare (23.20 t/ha). The minimum values for all these characters was recorded by cv. Local, except flowering duration, days to first flower bud initiation and their opening. Therefore, Phule Ganesh white can be adopted for commercial cultivation under Hyderabad conditions.
Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)

We report a nearly complete skeleton of a new species of stem roller (Aves, Coracii) from the early Eocene Green River Formation of North America. The new species is most closely related to two species-depauperate lineages, Coraciidae (rollers) and Brachypteraciidae (ground rollers), that form a monophyletic crown clade (Coracioidea) with an exclusively Old World extant distribution. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing a matrix of 133 morphological characters and sequence data from three genes (RAG-1, c-myc, and ND2) identifies the new species as a stem member of the Coracii more closely related to the crown clade than the only previously identified New World taxon, Primobucco mcgrewi. The phylogenetic placement of the new species and Primobucco mcgrewiindicates a widespread northern hemisphere distribution in the Eocene with subsequent restriction to Africa, Madagascar, Australia, and temperate to tropical parts of Europe and Asia. It provides evidence of further ecological diversity in early stem Coracii and convergence on crown morphologies. The new species contributes to mounting evidence that extant distributions for major avian subclades may be of comparatively recent origin. Further late Palaeogene sampling is needed to elucidate potential drivers for shifting avian distributions and disappearance of Coracii from North America. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 157, 586–611.
Identification and functional characterisation of germ line genes in human cancer cells

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Comparative morphology of scales of four teleost fishes from Sudan and Yemen

The scale morphology of four teleost fishes, Barbus arabicus, B. exolatus, Labeo niloticus (Cyprinidae), and Lates niloticus (Centropomidae), was studied using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The considerable variation in scale shape on different parts of the body makes it difficult to nominate a typical scale for particular species to be used in taxonomic studies. However, some character states of the inter‐radial denticles, cteni, and the focus area appear to be good taxonomic criteria.
A glass house trial to investigate the impact of water treatment sludge and green waste compost to enhance the revegetation of contaminated sites

ABSTRACT This study investigated the use of waste amendments (green waste compost (GWC) and water treatment sludge (WTS) cake) in improving the nutrient and revegetation status of contaminated soil obtained from a former industrial site that has heavy metal and hydrocarbon contamination. The waste amendments were mixed with the contaminated soil at application rates equivalent to 90 and 180 t ha−1 (wet weight) and placed in plastic pots. The unamended soil serves as the control. Reed canary grass and white mustard were allowed to grow on the amended and unamended contaminated soil in the glass house. After a 30- day growth period, soil nutrient status was observed and was found to be higher in the amended contaminated soil than the control. In the amended soil, organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium and soil nitrate were highest in contaminated soil amended with GWC at 180 t ha−1 and lowest in contaminated soil amended with WTS cake at 90 t ha−1. Above-ground dry mass of reed canary grass and white mustard grown on amended contaminated soil increased by 120–222% and 130–337%, respectively, as compared to the control, showing that improved fertility of contaminated soils thereafter, enhanced revegetation.
Growth, nutrient dynamics, and interspecific competition of nutrient-loaded black spruce seedlings on a boreal mixedwood site

Nutrient-loaded and conventionally fertilized containerized black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings were planted on a boreal mixedwood site in the Greater Clay Belt of Ontario to study their growth and interaction with natural vegetation. At planting, nutrient-loaded seedlings were similar in height and biomass to conventionally fertilized seedlings, but contained 39, 69, and 22% more tissue N, P, and K content, respectively. After two field growing seasons, nutrient-loaded seedlings attained 15–18% more height and 16–39% more biomass, resulting in 15–27% reduction in the biomass of neighbouring vegetation. Aboveground biomasses of seedlings and neighbouring vegetation were inversely related. Interspecific competition was more intense in the second year than in the first year of outplanting. Nutrient loading prior to planting stimulated nutrient uptake and root growth after planting, and reduced soil N availability by 6–20% during the first season, suggesting greater preemption of belowground nu.
Central and peripheral Hornungia petraea populations: patterns and dynamics

1 More or less continuous distributions tend to become fragmented towards species’ distribution limits. Peripheral or isolated populations of a species are predicted to have lower population sizes and densities than central populations, as a result of environmental and/or genetic stress. Population densities at the periphery may be reduced by decreased reproduction or higher interannual variation in reproduction. In particular, fecundity and survival are likely to be reduced by less favourable growing conditions. 2 We compared populations of the annual species Hornungia petraea (Brassicaceae) in two contrasting regions of the species’ range and at the population scale within regions. Ten populations in Italy (central to the species range) and 10 German populations (peripheral) were monitored for three growing periods from spring 1999 to spring 2001. 3 All life‐cycle stages, adult plant density, seed production and pre‐ and post‐dispersal seed bank density were studied in a nested sampling design and variation in various demographic factors was attributed to the effects of the two countries, of populations nested within country and to temporal effects. 4 Peripheral populations had higher densities than populations in the centre of the species distribution, both as adult plants and in the seed bank. 5 Fecundity was strongly influenced by temporal effects, but only affected to a minor degree by the study region. High interannual variation in fecundity was not reflected in high interannual variation of either adult plant density in spring or of the seed bank. Significant regional differences were, however, found in seasonal seed bank dynamics, which were more pronounced in peripheral German populations than in central Italian populations. 6 We conclude that seasonal seed bank dynamics are a key factor in explaining differences in H. petraea density patterns, particularly in central populations, where fewer seeds are incorporated into the seed bank.
A New Class of TOL Plasmid Deletion Mutants in Pseudomonas putida MT15 and Their Reversion by Tandem Gene Amplification

Pseudomonas putida MT15 contains a large plasmid, pWW15, of about 250 kbp, which encodes the genes for toluene and xylene catabolism. Growth on benzoate selects strongly against the wild-type and results in the segregation of three phenotypically distinguishable mutant types. (1) BU mutants, which have lost the complete plasmid. (2) B3 mutants, in which the plasmid has undergone a large deletion of about 90 kbp which appears to affect the regulation of the catabolic enzymes; these mutants retain the ability to grow on m-xylene and toluene (Mxy+Tln+) but no longer grow on the metabolite of m-xylene, m-toluate (Mtol-). (3) A novel class not previously described, the B5 mutants, which still grow well on toluene but grow very poorly on m-xylene and do not grow on m-toluate (Mxy- Tln+ Mtol-). The B5 mutants appear to share the regulatory lesion of the B3 mutants but in addition do not express the xylF and xylG gene products, 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase and 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. The plasmids in the B5 mutants have also undergone a deletion of about 90 kbp similar to, but distinguishable from, that in the B3 mutants. Both B3 and B5 mutants can revert to growth on m-toluate. The revertants all show elevated constitutive levels of catechol 2,3-oxygenase, 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase which are not further induced by m-toluate. The reversion is accompanied by the tandem amplification of a region of 23-28 kbp on either side of the original deletion. As a result of Southern hybridizations, it was shown that the amplified region contains the structural genes of some of the enzymes which metabolize m-toluate but not the enzymes which convert m-xylene to m-toluate.
Studies on Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides:Part II. α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-sorboses Synthesized by the Transglucosidation Reaction of Brewer's Yeast α-Glucosidase

The transglucosidation reaction of brewer’s yeast α-glucosidase was examined under the co-existence of l-sorbose and phenyl-α-glucoside. As the transglucosidation products, three kinds of new disaccharide were chromatographically isolated. It was presumed that these disaccharides consisting of d-glucose and l-sorbose were 1-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-sorbose ([α]D+89.0), 3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-sorbose ([α]D+69.1) and 4-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-sorbose ([α]D+81.0). The principal product formed in the enzyme reaction was 1-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-sorbose.
Wood Characteristics of Abies Balsamea in the New England States Compared to Abies Alba from Sites in Europe with Decline Problems

The increasing concern about the health conditions of forests in the United States and Europe 1ed to a comparative study of wood characteristics of Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. in the New England states, and Abies alba Mi1! in the Federal Republic ofGermany. The advanced visible disease in Abies alba at several sites can be documented by means of many structural and physiological alterations. In diseased trees a suppression of the annual growth increment is obvious, and the individual transverse area of early and latewood cells decreases. The moisture content diminishes in the sapwood significantly and at the same time, wetwood deve10ps and expands into the sapwood. The element content per gram of wood does not significantly differ between healthy and diseased trees of the same stand. The content of soluble sugars increases in diseased trees, while the starch content is drastically reduced. However, parallel to the growth suppression the total amount per year of elements, soluble sugars and starch is significantly less in diseased trees than in healthy ones. In addition, accessory compounds appear to increase with the progress of disease. Cambial electrical resistance is strongly related to damage c1assification, and thereby to cambial growth.
Amphibians conservation in Italy: The contribution of the WWF Oases network

Abstract Amphibians have emerged as a major conservation concern because of the global decline in their numbers in recent decades. Notwithstanding, they are often neglected in conservation planning respects to other less threatened vertebrate groups. In Italy, few studies have analyzed the effectiveness of amphibian protection regimes. The main aim of this paper is to estimate the contribution of the WWF oases network to amphibians conservation in Italy. Moreover, we conducted a prioritization of this network and we individuated additional areas that should be protected for implementing an oases role. We assembled the largest and most up-to-date dataset available for amphibians in the WWF oases, and we adopted a spatial approach based on gap and irreplaceability analyses. Our results provide a critical assessment of the oases importance for amphibians conservation. Many species that are completely uncovered by oases protection have been identified, and new areas suitable for filling the conservation gap have been recognized. We recommend designation of new reserves in these areas to help guarantee amphibian conservation. Moreover, we identified those oases that ensure the representation of the largest number of species. In this light, Monte Arcosu appeared to be the most important site for the achievement of the current degree of species representation. Together with six other oases that obtained high irreplaceability scores, Monte Arcosu represents a priority for the preservation of amphibian diversity. Specific initiatives should be primarily implemented in these oases, guaranteeing that highly irreplaceable sites will maintain their crucial role in the future.