Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substances of Very High Concern in Food Contact Materials: Migration and Regulatory Background

Food contact materials (FCMs) are needed to produce, transport, process and store our food. Although essential for handling and protecting food from farm to fork, FCMs are often not inert, and chemical components may partition into food. In Europe, FCMs are regulated under the FCM Framework Regulation 1935/2004 which covers their effects on human health. Environmental effects of FCM substances are included in the scope of the European Chemicals Regulation [Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)] which aims at substituting Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) by safer alternatives. In this study, we focus on 10 FCM substances that are SVHCs and already included in the authorization list of REACH (Annex XIV): We show their possible application in the manufacture of FCMs and give evidence or highlight the absence thereof for migration into food or food simulants. An overview on migration of four phthalates (diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate) and 4,4′‐methylenedianiline from FCMs is provided, based on peer‐reviewed studies and notifications from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed. Different approaches in evaluating and handling SVHCs under REACH and the European FCM legislation are discussed, and recommendations on how to increase the safety of FCMs are included. Combining better enforcement, an explicit ban of SVHCs without specific authorization for use in FCMs, and re‐evaluations of previously authorized FCM substances could lead to safer FCMs. In conclusion, a harmonization between REACH and European FCM legislation is desirable for improving legal certainty for FCM users as well as in the interest of public health. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roles of Waxy and Soluble Starch Synthase Iia Alleles in Determining Different Type Resistant Starch Contents of Rice

BackgroundResistant Starch (RS) is a functional starch that has functions of regulating diabetes, hypertension and obesity. The effects of most starch synthesis-related genes (SSRGs) on RS content and their relationships are largely unknown. ResultsIn current study, ninety-nine lines from a recombinant inbred line were selected to investigate the effects of SSRGs on the RS content in different process status. Results revealed that RS content decreased dramatically after cooking, but it did not increase significantly after cooling for 7 days. And RS was closely related to many indexes of physicochemical properties, but was not correlated with granule size. Waxy (Wx) played an important role in controlling RS content and Wxa could elevate RS content in raw milled rice, cooked rice and retrograded rice. Soluble starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) had an impact on RS2, and RS2 content of indica SSIIa were significantly higher than that of japonica SSIIa (SSIIaj). Moreover, interaction of Wx and SSIIa was responsible for variations of RS content in three sample types, RS2 and volume proportion of different size starch granules. ConclusionsWx and SSIIa together significantly regulate different types content of RS in rice, but SSIIa only affects RS2. Wxa-SSIIaj is favorable to forming large-diameter starch granules.
China's Corporate Governance Development and ESG Evaluation

As the past few decades have seen China become the world’s second-largest economy and Chinese multinationals take leading roles in various sectors, China’s corporate governance (CG) has evolved and brought about new methods of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) evaluation. This paper examines China’s CG development status through case studies of notable China companies, looks at current Chinese ESG evaluation systems designed by MSCI and local Chinese institutes, and suggests four unique factors that should be integrated into future Chinese ESG evaluation system development. This is the first of a series of papers by Lyndsey Zhang that reviews current Chinese CG development and ESG implementation, identifies opportunities and challenges through case studies, and suggests areas for improvement for Chinese companies looking to accomplish the following: become more sustainable by increasing focus on corporate purpose and ESG considerations, and position themselves as industrial leaders in both the emerging market and global economy in the next few decades. This series also looks at other emerging market countries’ economic development and CG models, and explores how China’ success can be replicated by other emerging market countries to facilitate their economic growth and CG development.
Drivers of export competitiveness: new evidences from the manufacturing industry in Malaysia

Abstract With cognizance to firms’ heterogeneity in an industry, this paper employs the most recent, unpublished and large-scale firm-level data of 14,687 manufacturing firms in Malaysia in 2015 to revisit the drivers of manufacturing exports. Applying the OLS and logistic regressions, we observed a strong positive relationship between a firm’s labor productivity and export intensity. Firms’ foreign ownership, size and age are positively connected to their export competitiveness. The incorporation of location variables into the regression reveals that firms in the Southern peninsula of Malaysia (e.g., Johor) have a positive effect and demonstrate the highest probability to engage in export activities. Our study is informative to trade policymakers on the key drivers of manufacturing exports, providing references to not only Malaysia, but other economies in Eastern Asia and developing nations.
Management of Acute Native Joint Bacterial Arthritis in Adults in 2020 - A Short Narrative, Practical State-of-the-Art Review

Native joint bacterial arthritis is a common infection among adults and children. A solely conservative management, without any articular drainage/lavage, increases the risk of recurrence. In contrast, the type of initial lavage/drainage can be surgical (arthrotomy or arthroscopy) or non-surgical (iterative arthrocenteses). Up to date, no superiority has been shown for any of these approaches in relation to recurrence risk and postinfectious mechanical damage. Furthermore, an initial synovectomy, or the number of iterative drainages does not influence outcome in most cases. Nowadays, an antibiotic regimen of three to four weeks, with early oral therapy, is standard in most settings of the world. In arthritis cases involving the hand and wrist, a shorter systemic antibiotic treatment such as two weeks is sufficient. The outcome of infection is impacted by of mechanical sequelae in up to 40% of cases. These sequels are predominantly joint stiffness and/or osteoarthritis, which are difficult to treat.
Rotational dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles in different matrix systems

Abstract Dynamic magnetic measurements on magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) samples have been widely used for the determination of structural MNP parameters as well as for the realization of bioassays. On the other hand, proposed that the MNPs are thermally blocked, i.e., that the dynamics are dominated by the Brownian rotation, and knowing the distribution of their hydrodynamic size, information on the matrix properties can be obtained. In contrast to conventional rheology, the local environment of the MNPs is sensed on the nanoscale so that important information on the embedding of MNPs in the matrix and thus the particle-matrix interaction is obtained. Depending on the characteristic length scales of the matrix and the size of the MNPs, rheological parameters, such as viscosity and shear modulus, derived from nanorheological measurements can differ from the values obtained from conventional rheology. To measure the MNP dynamics, different experimental techniques can be applied. In this contribution, the focus lies on ac susceptometry and fluxgate magnetorelaxometry. The analysis of the complex ACS spectra is generally carried out within a modified Debye model. Different approaches for the estimation of rheological parameters from the complex ACS spectra will be presented. Two model systems will exemplarily be discussed in detail. As a Newtonian matrix system, water-glycerol mixtures were studied. It is demonstrated that the dynamic viscosity can accurately be estimated from ACS measurements on well thermally blocked single-core as well as on multicore MNP systems, which include Brownian and Néel dynamics. As a viscoelastic matrix system, aqueous gelatin solutions were studied. Gelatin is known to be a Voigt-Kelvin model system, in which elastic and viscous forces are parallel. In particular, we studied the gelation dynamics by repetitive measurements of the complex ACS spectrum. Different approaches to derive viscosity and shear modulus are applied and compared. In order to identify magnetoviscous effects in dynamic magnetic measurements, the magnetic field dependence of the Brownian relaxation time has to be eliminated. ACS measurements on various sufficiently strongly diluted aqueous MNP suspensions were performed in dependence of ac field amplitude and superimposed dc field strength and compared to theory. Excellent agreement was found.
Establishment of a rapid method to quantify eight flavonol glycosides for quality assessment of red toon using UPLC

Red Toon is a popular vegetable of favorable health benefits over Asia and Russia regions. In this study, isolation and identification of chemical constituents were performed to assess the quality of this functional food cultivated in various origins or harvested in different months. As a result, eight flavonol glycosides including rutin (I), myricitrin (II), quercetin-3-O-β-d-galactoranoside (III), quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranose (IV), quercetin-3-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (V), astragalin (VI), quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamopyranoside (VII), and kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamopyranoside (VIII) were obtained. Among these, compounds III and V were isolated from Toona genus for the first time. Importantly, a rapid and convenient ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed to quantify the flavonol glycosides in Red Toon and validated for linearity, precision, stability, repeatability, and accuracy successively. In addition, it was found that total flavonoid glycosides (about 2.6%) in the food were ke.
Sparse False Injection Attacks Reconstruction via Descriptor Sliding Mode Observers

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs), acting as the backbone of Industrial 4.0, may suffer from false injection attacks launched by adversary for degrading system performances. In this article, we concentrate on investigating secure reconstruction of CPSs. First, the combinational attack mode is potentially identified by means of adaptive counteraction searching. Next, the sparse injection attacks are effectively reconstructed while ensuring the correctness of state estimation in the light of full-order and reduced-order switched descriptor sliding mode observers, respectively. Moreover, two numerical examples are given to verify the applicability of our theoretical derivation.
Regulatory Costs of Being Public: Evidence from Bunching Estimation

The increased burden of disclosure and governance regulations is often cited as a key reason for the significant decline in the number of publicly-listed companies in the U.S. We explore the connection between regulatory costs and the number of listed firms by exploiting a regulatory quirk: many rules trigger when a firm’s public float exceeds a threshold. Consistent with firms seeking to avoid costly regulation, we document significant bunching around multiple regulatory thresholds introduced from 1992 to 2012. We present a revealed preference estimation strategy that uses this behavior to quantify regulatory costs. Our estimates show that various disclosure and internal governance rules lead to a total compliance cost of 4.1% of the market capitalization for a median U.S. public firm. Regulatory costs have a greater impact on private firms' IPO decisions than on public firms’ going private decisions. However, heightened regulatory costs only explain a small fraction of the decline in the number of public firms.
CSR Expenditure and Stock Liquidity

We investigate the nexus between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firms’ stock market liquidity. Using actual firm-level CSR expenditure data and a quasi-natural experiment setup of a mandated CSR regulation in India, we find that firms complying with the mandate and expending on CSR activities experience significantly higher stock market liquidity, relative to non-CSR firms in the post-CSR reform period. Further, we find that firms spending more on education and healthcare projects as part of their mandatory CSR engagement seem to have higher stock market liquidity. Finally, we show that mandated CSR firms, having superior stock market liquidity, obtain higher long-term market valuations.
Application of LC-MS/MS analysis of trace toxics in food

A large number of toxic substance,such as pesticides,antibiotics and toxins,have potential toxicity to human health in food. These compounds frequently presented at low concentration levels in very complex matrices,so sensitive and selective methodologies were needed for their analysis. During the last few years,the state of the art of LC-tandem MS(LC-MS/MS)progress had an increasing impact on the expanding field of toxic substance in food. The application of LC-MS/MS in the analysis of food products was reviewed,the instrumental aspects,such as ionization sources and analyzers were also addressed.
Modeling and Control of a Cable-Suspended Sling-Like Parallel Robot for Throwing Operations

Cable-driven parallel robots can provide interesting advantages over conventional robots with rigid links; in particular, robots with a cable-suspended architecture can have very large workspaces. Recent research has shown that dynamic trajectories allow the robot to further increase its workspace by taking advantage of inertial effects. In our work, we consider a three-degrees-of-freedom parallel robot suspended by three cables, with a point-mass end-effector. This model was considered in previous works to analyze the conditions for dynamical feasibility of a trajectory. Here, we enhance the robot’s capabilities by using it as a sling, that is, by throwing a mass at a suitable time. The mass is carried at the end-effector by a gripper, which releases the mass so that it can reach a given target point. Mathematical models are presented that provide guidelines for planning the trajectory. Moreover, results are shown from simulations that include the effect of cable elasticity. Finally, suggestions are offered regarding how such a trajectory can be optimized.
LOCALLY CARRAGEENAN TESTED FOR ITS FOOD GRADE BY FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION METHOD

Objective: This study aims to determine whether seagrass lalamakan ( Dictyota dichotoma ), ades ( Gelidium sp.), agar ( Gracilaria sp.), and saribuhu ( Sargassum sp.) obtained from the Sindangkerta beach, Tasikmalaya, can produce carrageenan food grade according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Food Chemical Codex (FCC), and European Economic Community (EEC). Methods: Seaweed was extracted with distilled water and 0.1N KOH at high temperature (90°C). The extract was tested for its characteristics such as solubility test, test sulfate, gel formation, and its infrared (IR) spectrum. Results: The yield obtained from solvent extraction with distilled water ranged from 21% to 27%, whereas for 0.1N KOH solvent between 10% and 11% by weight. The results of the study indicated that the fiber obtained from both extractions was carrageenan, as shown by the results of the solubility test, the formation of gel and the infrared spectrum showed a sulfate ester, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, galactose-4-sulfate, and 3,6-anhydrogalactose-2- sulfate which was characteristic of carrageenan. IR spectrum confirmed the availability of carrageenan. Results of the sulfate test content in all sample fibers using either distilled water or 0.1N KOH were below 15.0%. Conclusion: These results indicated that the generated carrageenan did not meet food grade standards set by the FAO, FCC, and EEC which was 15- 40%. However, in fact, the carrageenan from the Sindangkerta beach has been produced and marketed in the local market.
Effect of Anaerobic–Aerobic Contact Time on the Change of Internal Storage Energy in Two Different Phosphorus‐Accumulating Organisms

Laboratory‐scale sequential batch reactors were operated by feeding acetate and glucose as a single carbon source under the anaerobic–aerobic hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 40:140 minutes and 120:560 minutes to assess the effect of anaerobic–aerobic HRTs on changes in internal storage energy of two different phosphorus‐accumulating organisms (PAOs). The PAOs grown on acetate accumulated poly‐Beta‐hydroxybutyrate in cells with a phosphorus content (phosphorus per volatile suspended solids, P/VSS) of 20 to 23%, whereas PAOs grown on glucose accumulated glycogen in cells with a phosphorus content of 10 to 15%. A longer anaerobic HRT resulted in a secondary phosphorus release that was not associated with internal cellular energy synthesis. A longer aerobic HRT resulted in a depletion of cellular energy. The PAOs with lower cellular energy may lose their competitive edge against other nonPAOs in biological phosphorus removal (BPR) systems. The danger in oversizing the anaerobic and aerobic zones in a BPR system was demonstrated. Optimal anaerobic HRT should be based on the volatile fatty acid uptake rate or the fermentation rate and optimal aerobic HRT should be determined based on the amount of internal energy synthesized during the anaerobic stage and the target effluent phosphorus concentration. From the analysis of cellular fatty acid composition and a metabolic study, PAOs grown on acetate were found to differ from those grown on glucose. Any PAO biochemical models proposed so far could not explain the metabolism of PAOs grown on glucose.
Comparative morphofunctional analysis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in human rheumatoid arthritis and mouse collagen-induced arthritis

BackgroundFibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a prominent role in rheumatoid synovitis and degradation of the extracellular matrix through the production of inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases (MMPs). Since animal models are frequently used for elucidating the disease mechanism and therapeutic development, it is relevant to compare ultrastructural characteristics and functional responses by human and mouse FLS. The objective of this study is to compare ultrastructural characteristics, IL-6 and MMP-3 production, and the activation of intracellular pathways in FLS from patients with RA (RA-FLS) and mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA-FLS). The objective of the study was to compare ultrastructural characteristics, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) production and the activation of intracellular pathways in Fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLS) cultures obtained from patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and from mice with collagen-induced arthritis.MethodsFLSs were obtained from RA patients (RA-FLSs) (n = 8) and mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA-FLSs) (n = 4). Morphology was assessed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. IL-6 and MMP-3 production was measured by ELISA, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways (NF-κB and MAPK: p-ERK1/2, p-P38 and p-JNK) was measured by Western blotting in cultures of RA-FLSs and CIA-FLSs stimulated with tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β. ResultsRA-FLS and CIA-FLS cultures exhibited rich cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticula and prominent and well-developed Golgi complexes. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of lamellar bodies, which are cytoplasmic structures related to surfactant production, in FLSs from both sources. Increased levels of pinocytosis and numbers of pinocytotic vesicles were observed in RA-FLSs (p < 0.05). Basal production of MMP-3 and IL-6 was present in RA-FLSs and CIA-FLSs. Regarding the production of MMP-3 and IL-6 and the activation of signaling pathways, the present study demonstrated a lower response to IL-1β by CIA-FLSs than by RA-FLSs.ConclusionThere were differences between RA-FLSs and CIA-FLSs in their ultrastructural morphologies and functional responses. The differences shown in our study indicate that the adoption of an RA-FLS human model is a better alternative than the CIA-FLS animal model for in vitro studies of RA etiopathogenesis and new therapeutic targets.
Pelatihan Maintenance Komputer Pada Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika Kota Pagar Alam

Perkembangan teknologi informasi khususnya komputer baik dari segi teknologi dan perangkatnya tentu akan menimbulkan perkembangan bagi pemakainya. Seiring pertumbuhan populasi komputer, Peluang kerja dibidang komputer juga akan semakin terbuka. Oleh karena itu kemampuan merakit dan memperbaiki komputer dikalangan anggota baru dari Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika Kota Pagar Alam sangat dibutuhkan untuk menambah wawasan serta memperoleh peluang kerja yang bagus. Metode yang digunakan pada pelaksanaan pengabdian menggunakan teknik dengan menjelaskan secara langsung kepada peserta pelatihan dan dilakukan praktek sesuai dengan teori yang diberikan. Pada awalnya Pelatihan dilakukan melalui tes untuk mengetahui pemahaman peserta tentang perangkat keras komputer dan hasilnya mereka tidak pandai memahami perangkat keras Komputer sehingga pelatihan diperlukan, pada akhir pelatihan dilakukan tes lagi untuk mengukur tingkat keberhasilan dan hasil pelaksanaan pelatihan, karena memang sudah memiliki pemahaman dasar tentang perawatan perangkat keras dan komputer Melalui pelatihan ini, narasumber dapat mengkomunikasikan materi dan hasil dengan lebih mudah Setelah pelatihan, peserta dapat memahami materi dan pelatihan dengan baik yang berhasil menambah pengetahuan peserta pelatihan.
Inpatient Satisfaction To Attribute of Health Service Quality Dimensions in Hospitals in Indonesian

The hospital is one of the health service facilities that play a very important role in providing health services to the community. To increase patient satisfaction in the hospital, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of existing health services both from a technical and administrative perspective. This study aims to describe inpatient satisfaction with the attributes of the health services quality dimension in hospitals in Indonesia. This study used secondary data with a cross-sectional design based on Risnakes data in 2017. The sample used is samples of Risnakes in hospitals in 2017 after deducting missing data, namely 7,287 inpatients from 380 hospitals in Indonesia. Data analysis used univariate analysis. Results of this study showed that the level of inpatient satisfaction to the attribute of health service quality dimensions in private hospitals was better than in government hospitals. In the tangible dimension of the various attributes studied, there are 5 attributes still below the standard of patient satisfaction (90%), while for the reliability dimension there are 2 attributes, the responsiveness dimension 5 attributes, the assurance dimension 2 attributes, and empathy dimensions 3 attributes. To improve the quality of health services, the management of all hospitals in Indonesia needs to routinely evaluate all of the attributes of health service quality dimensions in the hospital.
The Effect of Learning Style Preferences on Student Learning Outcomes

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning style preferences on learning outcomes students of primary teacher Education at State University of Malang. This research uses quantitative research with a survey method. Hypothesis testing is done using causality analysis. The number of respondents from class 2017 students was 35 respondents, the number of respondents from class 2016 students was 30 respondents. The total number of respondents was 65 students. The results showed that the learning style had little effect on the learning outcomes students of primary teacher Education, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Malang.