Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constant darkness conditions modulate the effects of melatonin and luzindole on the antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of retinol and α-tocopherol in rats

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of both exogenous melatonin and melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole on the activities of antioxidant enzymes (AOE) (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT) and the level of low-molecular antioxidant vitamins (retinol, α-tocopherol) in male Wistar rats kept in normal light conditions (LD 12:12) or constant darkness (DD). In LD, while melatonin had no influence on the studied antioxidants, luzindole caused an increase in retinol and a decrease in α-tocopherol contents in the liver compared to the control. In DD, with no influence on AOE activities, both drugs exerted similar effects on the liver retinol and kidney α-tocopherol contents, increasing them in comparison with control. Exposing the animals to DD induced an increase in kidney SOD activity and in liver retinol content. Moreover, DD-mel rats had higher SOD activity in the liver and kidney and a higher retinol level in the liver compared to LD-mel ones; DD-luz rats had a higher liver retinol content compared to LD-luz ones. Liver retinol level seems to be the most sensitive to influence of DD, melatonin and luzindole; the data are probably connected with the involvement of vitamin A in the regulation of circadian rhythms.
Young Children’S Emotional Well-Being After Parental Divorce: Discrepancies Between “Resilient” and “Vulnerable” Children

The study examined young (4 to 7 years old) children’s resilience under the stressors of parental divorce. Resilience was indirectly inferred based on constructs such as attention, emotional and behavioral regulation, ability to take initiatives, positive relationships with others and parents’ sensitive response to child’s needs. It was conducted with a representative sample of 130 divorced parents from different regions in Greece. Based on parents’ perception concerning the level of competence and adversity that children had faced due to divorce the sample was divided into two groups (a) those families who considered the child of reference as more ‘vulnerable’ (38.5%,) and those who considered the child as more ‘resilient’(61.5%). Data showed that children who were considered as adaptive to divorce stressors exhibited more positive outcomes compared to children who considered by their parents as at risk. The gender of the child did not interact with the experience of transition with respect of the wellness components. This study also considered the possible discrepancies between the two groups of children in some factors that have been related to children’s well-being after divorce. Thus, another important finding revealed that the parents of the ‘more resilient’ children experienced less parental stress, had more supportive relationships with their ex-spouses, felt more satisfied with their lives and quarreled less with their children. In agreement with previous studies this paper underlined the necessity of studying divorce under the concept of resilience rather than the risk, shedding light on some of the critical protective factors.
Factors Influencing the Implementation ofEntrepreneurship Education in Tertiary Institutions inRivers State

This study sought to examine the factors influencing the effective implementation on entrepreneurship education in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Five research objectives, five research questions and five research hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. The area of the study was Rivers State. The target population comprises of 382 entrepreneurship education lecturers in the six tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The census sampling technique was used which ensured that every member of population participated in the research work. A structured instrument titled „‟ Factors Influencing Implementation of Entrepreneurship Education in Tertiary Institutions was used to elicit data from the respondents. The instrument was validated by the researchers‟ supervisor and two other experts. To test the reliability a pilot test was conducted which showed the reliability coefficient of 0.74, 0.76, 0.72, 0.81 and 0.73 respectively. Two research assistants were employed for the administration of the instrument. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that shortage of qualified lectures, inadequate facilities, inadequate teaching techniques, poor funding and lack of government support hinders the effective implementation of entrepreneurship education in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that government through its ministries of education and agencies such as TETFund and other stakeholders should provide adequate facilities such as building of entrepreneurship centered with well equipped classroom and instructional material to facilitate the smooth teaching and learning of entrepreneurship education in our tertiary institutions among others.
batuk, angioedema, dan gangguan pada kehamilan. ACE-I yang diperoleh secara alami lebih aman daripada sintesis ACE-I. Penelitian tentang aktivitas ACE-I dari bahan-bahan alami masih sangat terbatas. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) atau lebih dikenal dengan sebutan Batak Lada berpotensi seba

Hypertension is a disease where blood pressure increases chronically beyond normal limits. Hypertension needs to be watched out because it includes asymptomatic diseases and can cause complications. One alternative treatment for hypertension that has been proven effective in the pharmaceutical industry is the use of ACE-I (Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitors). At present, ACE-I synthesis has been produced commercially as an antihypertensive drug, for example captopril, enalapril, alcacepril, and lisinopril. However, there are many studies that show the existence of ACE-I synthesis side effects for its users, both physiological and non-physiological effects such as coughing, angioedema, and disorders in pregnancy. ACE-I obtained naturally is safer than ACE-I synthesis. Research on ACE-I activity from natural ingredients is still very limited. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) or better known as Batak Pepper has the potential as a natural source of ACE-I. Natural ACEI in Andaliman can be obtained from the flavonoid content of Andaliman fruit extract. The purpose of this study was to determine total flavonoid content in andaliman fruit by comparing the types of solvents used for extraction. The solvents used were N-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. The extraction results were then compared using a completely randomized design (CRD) to determine the success of this study.
Antibacterial effect of Solanum incanum root extracts on bacteria pathogens isolated from portable water in Egerton University, Kenya

© The Author(s). 2019 Content licensing: CC BY 4.0 ABSTRACT Background Contaminated water is a major source of enteric diseases. This study aimed at isolating pathogenic bacteria from portable drinking water in Egerton University. In addition, the study aimed at subjecting the isolates to sensitivity test of root extracts from Solanum incanum besides carrying out minimum inhibitory test of the root extracts.
Intellectual property rights, foreign direct investment and economic growth

The objective of this study is to investigate the moderating role of IPR on the impact of FDI inflows on economic growth. By include an interaction term for FDI and IPR in each model, Two-step System GMM was applied for three proxies of IPR, namely patent, trademark and industrial design on a panel of 103 countries from 1998 to 2013. The result shows that interaction between FDI-trademark and FDI-design obtained a positive and significant result towards economic growth. It can be concluded that countries with high IPR’s could enhance their economic growth via higher inflows of FDI. A strict enforcement of IPR is vital in ensuring positive impact on economic growth as investors preferably place the FDI in a safe and secure nation that promises enforcement of law against imitation.
Relationship between heart rate and metabolism in the hyrax ( Procavia capensis ) and guinea pig ( Cavia porcellus )

The relationship between heart rate and metabolism was investigated in the hyrax Procavia capensis and the guineapig Cavia porcel/us. In both animals a positive linear relationship was found described by V02 (ml O2 (g.h)-l) =0,003157 (HR) + 0,3678 for the hyrax and V02 (ml O2 (g.h)-1)=0,00757 (HR) -0,4914 in the guineapig. The response to lowered ambient temperature differs between the species, the guineapig increases metabolic rate and maintains body temperature while the hyrax allows body temperature to drop while the increase in metabolic rate is relatively small. It is postulated that this response by the hyrax is an energy conserving strategy. S. Afr. J. Zoot. 14: 230-232 (1979)
The Effects of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Amaranthus (Amaranthus hybridus L.) Grown in a Lath House

Amaranthus is also known as African spinach is a good source of carotene, folic acid, vitamin C, calcium, iron and micronutrients. It is believed to have been used widely among hunter-gatherers. The objective of the experiment was to find the effects of organic fertilizers on amaranthus growth, development and yield. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and each replicated five times. Plant growth and yield increased (P<0.05) on amaranths fertilized with stillage. Kraal manure followed the stillage in terms of performance with the control (no fertilizer) recording the least significant effect on growth and yield of amaranthus. Because of stillage's impact on the growth and yield of amaranthus, it is recommended for a grower aiming for high yields of amaranthus using organic fertilizer. Original Research Article Dlamini et al.; AJAAR, 12(1): 1-10, 2020; Article no.AJAAR. 52568 2
The Optimization of Production of Instant Pounded Yam Flour Using Cultivars of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata)

Background and Objective: Instant pounded yam dough obtained from instant pounded yam flour (IPYF), is an emerging alternative to pounding boiled yams. IPYF dough that possesses similar organoleptic properties with conventional pounded yam (CPY) is of high demand in the West Africa market. The objective of this study was to produce IPYF dough of similar qualities to the CPY through optimization technique in other to enhance its marketability value. Methodology: The study optimized IPYF samples obtained from three white yams (Dioscorea rotundata) cultivars (Efuhu, Dariboko and Aro) that were pre-treated (using blanching and steam method) and dried (using cabinet and oven driers). General factorial optimization design was utilized using pasting properties response of IPYF samples. Hedonic and Degree of difference Original Research Article Olagunju-Yusuf et al.; AFSJ, 13(4): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AFSJ. 53268 2 sensory evaluation were conducted on the selected optimized IPYF and CPY samples using nine and seven points scales respectively. Result: The selected optimized sample was Dariboko pre-treated with steam and dried using cabinet drier with 0.63 desirability value. A mean score of 7.4:7.5, 6.8:8.5, 7.2:8.5, 7.3:8.5, 6.0:8.5, 7.3:8.5, 7.2:8.5, 6.8:8.5 and 7.4:7.5 was obtained correspondingly for cohesiveness, smoothness, springiness, adhesiveness, hardness, stretch ability, taste, mouth feel, aroma and overall acceptability for the optimized IPYF sample and CPY. Scores for these attributes indicated that the optimized IPYF sample was acceptable. The degree of difference test showed that CPY was not significantly different from optimized sample in terms of smoothness, stretch ability, adhesiveness and mouth feel. Conclusion: This demonstrates that this sample can easily pass as pounded yam has it possess important similarities with conventional pounded yam.
Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Maize Using Silicon Nutrition

Improving salinity tolerance through mineral nutrition in plants is emerging strategy for sustainable agriculture under limited resources. Silicon (Si) is considered as silver bullet to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses. Present study was conducted to understand the new mechanisms of Si nutrition against salinity stress in two different maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars (‘Syngenta-8441’ and ‘Pearl’). Three different levels of NaCl (0.67, 8 and 13 dSm) were used with and without addition of silicic acid (2 mM). Distilled water was used for irrigation purposes and crop was harvested after 40 days of post germination. Results indicated that plant biomass reduced under saline condition while Si application increased growth parameters. Data regarding chemical analysis showed that Si nutrition reduced Na concentration and enhanced K levels in root, shoot, new and old leaves of ‘Sygenta 8441’ compared to ‘Pearl’ maize variety. Si application improved both chlorophyll a and b in both maize cultivars compared to NaCl-treated plants. The current findings indicate that Si nutrition can alleviate salinity stress in maize without decreasing growth attributes of crop and ‘Sygenta 8441’ is a salt resistant variety whereas ‘Pearl’ is a salt sensitive variety.
Retrieval of cloud properties from spectral zenith radiances observed by sky radiometers

Abstract. An optimal estimation algorithm to retrieve the cloud optical depth (COD) and cloud particle effective radius (CER) from spectral zenith radiances observed by narrow field-of-view (FOV) ground-based sky radiometers was developed. To further address the filter degradation problem while analyzing long-term observation data, an on-site calibration procedure is proposed, which has good accuracy compared with the standard calibration transfer method. An error evaluation study conducted by assuming errors in observed transmittances and ancillary data for water vapor concentration and surface albedo suggests that the errors in input data affect retrieved CER more than COD. Except for some narrow domains that fall within a COD of < 15, the retrieval errors are small for both COD and CER. The retrieved cloud properties reproduce the broadband radiances observed by a narrow FOV radiometer more precisely than broadband irradiances observed by a wide-FOV pyranometer, justifying the quality of the retrieved product (at least of COD) and indicating the important effect of the instrument FOV in cloud remote sensing. Furthermore, CODs (CERs) from sky radiometer and satellite observations show good (poor) agreement.
Syrian Refugee Entrepreneurship in Turkey: Integration and the Use of Immigrant Capital in the Informal Economy

This study focuses on small-scale entrepreneurship of Syrian refugees in Turkey. It analyses in a Bourdieusian way how they utilize cultural, social, economic and symbolic capital, and reveals their start-up and sustainability strategies. It is based on 24 in-depth interviews with Syrian small entrepreneurs who started up new businesses after 2011, in Istanbul, Gaziantep, and Hatay. It describes the entrepreneurial opportunity structure and the significance of the informal economy and analyses Syrians’ utilization of various forms of capital in small entrepreneurship and relations to integration. The main finding indicates that the informal economy—as the main site of such entrepreneurship—eases the start-up process but limits on-going business and integration.
Unemployment, Partial Insurance, and the Multiplier Effects of Government Spending

I interpret the empirical evidence on government spending multipliers using an equilibrium model of unemployment in which workers are not fully insured against the risk of job loss. Consumption of resources by the government affects aggregate spending along two margins: (i) an intensive margin owing to a fall in household wealth and (ii) an extensive margin that accounts for growth in the working population. At insurance levels below a certain threshold, the positive effects of (ii) dominate the negative effects of (i), leading to multipliers for private consumption and output that exceed zero and one. Similar results appear in a quantitative version of the model scaled to match estimates from micro data on the consumption cost of unemployment.
The Relation between Different Aspects of Quality of Life with Coping Style in Adolescents with Thalassemia in Comparison to a Healthy Group

Background: Thalassemia as a chronic disease could affect different aspects of a patient’s life. On the other hand, when encountering the symptoms of a chronic disease as a stressful factor, the coping strategy of the adolescents and their families could have an important role in the quality of life of these patients. The present study was conducted to determine the relation between different aspects of quality of life with coping styles in the adolescents with thalassemia in comparison to a healthy control group. Materials and Methods: The present study is a case-control research in 2017. Studied samples were 200 adolescents with thalassemia and healthy adolescents. Data gathering tools were demographic characteristics checklist and the coping style and quality of life questionnaire by the World Health Organization. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using independent t-test, linear regression and correlation coefficients. Conclusion: Results of Pearson statistical test showed a positive and significant relation between the total mean score of quality of life and its physical, social and mental aspects with emotion-oriented coping style (p<0.01). Also a direct significant relation was observed between the total mean score of quality of life and its social and physical aspects with problem-oriented coping style(p<0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, educating the adolescents and their families for paying attention to the coping style for stressful factors and preparing these adolescents for passing toward the youth period, which could be challenging for them, are highly recommended.
Enabling Factors and User Requirements for Microcredit Services through Mobile Devices - Dar es Salaam Tanzania Context.

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) play a considerable role in providing capital to micro businesses (MBs) through microcredit services. However, the interplay between MFIs and MB owners has been hindered by several factors, such as challenges with information sharing. The current study aims at identifying the specific challenges of microcredit services in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and also at determining the enabling factors, preferred features, and general requirements for a mobile technology solution to support the interplay between MFIs and MBs. The participants in the study were 91 MB owners and 22 MFI officers, and the data for the study were collected via a questionnaire. The study confirmed that the interaction, communication, and relationship between MB owners and MFIs is affected by various challenges. It was confirmed that digital technology can be used to address the identified challenges, and that a tailor-made mobile technology solution would be appropriate for supporting the interaction, communication, and relationship between MFIs and MBs.
IgG Responses to Porins and Lipopolysaccharide within an Outer Membrane-Based Vaccine against Nontyphoidal Develop at Discordant Rates

Antibodies acquired after vaccination or natural infection with Gram-negative bacteria, such as invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, can protect against disease. Immunization with naturally shed outer membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria is being studied for its potential to protect against many infections, since antigens within vesicles maintain their natural conformation and orientation. Shedding can be enhanced through genetic modiﬁcation, and the resulting particles, generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMA), not only offer potential as vaccines but also can facilitate the study of B-cell responses to bacterial antigens. Here we show that the response to immunization with GMMA from S . Typhimurium (STmGMMA) provides B-cell-dependent protection and induces antibodies to two immunodominant antigens, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and porins. Antibodies to LPS O antigen (O-Ag) markedly enhance protection in the spleen, but this effect is less marked in the liver. Strikingly, IgG responses to LPS uranyl acetate and Reynolds lead citrate being visualized with JEOL 1200EX Centre for Electron Microscopy Mice, immunizations, and bacterial challenge strains. All of our animal studies had ethical the University Birmingham and UK Home Ofﬁce approval and were performed under project in compliance with the Animals (Scientiﬁc Procedures) Act 1986. Inbred WT C57BL/6 males 6 to 8 weeks old or outbred WT CD1 females 6 to 8 weeks old were obtained from OLAC Harlan. In experiments, C57BL/6 mice were used as WT mice unless otherwise stated. TCR (cid:4)(cid:5) (cid:3) / (cid:3) and IgH (cid:3) / (cid:3) (33, 60) mice on a C57BL/6 background were bred at the Biomedical Service Unit, University of Birmingham. Mice were immunized via i.p. injection with STmGMMA O-Ag (cid:5) or O-Ag (cid:3) (the same 1- (cid:2) g dose of protein was given in all of the experiments in this study) diluted in 200 (cid:2) l of PBS. Analysis showed that the ratio of O-Ag to protein in STmGMMA O-Ag (cid:5) preparations was in the range of 0.7 to 0.9 part O-Ag to 1 part total protein (wt/wt). For protection studies, S . Typhimurium attenuated AroA (cid:3) strain SL3261 (described in reference 32) and virulent strain SL1344 were used at infection doses of 5 (cid:4) 10 5 and 2 (cid:4) 10 4 CFU, respectively, and administered i.p. in PBS. Opsonization experiments were performed as described in reference 32, with multiple nonpooled serum samples from nonimmunized mice or mice that had been immunized with STmGMMA for 35 days. Prior to use, serum samples were heated for 30 min at 56°C to inactivate complement. Infection doses of S . Typhimurium SL3261 and serum samples (1:100) were then mixed for 30 min at room temperature before
Reported mortality for colorectal cancer in Brazil in the first 16 years of the 21st century

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant neoplasm with major impact on health today. There is, however, an efficient method for prevention and screening, which varies in different protocols according to each institution or country. Objective : To evaluate the mortality rate and the economic cost of CRC in Brazil during the first 16 years of the 21st century. Method : A retrospective, temporal aggregation study was conducted with an exploratory, documentary quantitative approach on CRC mortality from 2000 to 2016, based on the Mortality Information System database provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results : In the study period, 218,000 deaths due to CRC were recorded. The CRC mortality rate was 6.2 (95% confidence interval, 5.59-6.81) per 100,000 population, with no significant difference between men and women. Of the 17 age subgroups analyzed, eight had a significant increase from 2000 to 2016, including all subgroups aged over 50 years. Conclusion : There was an increase in mortality due to CRC in the study period. Keywords : Mortality; colorectal cancer; Brazil