Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coeval fluctuations of the Greenland ice sheet and a local glacier, central East Greenland, during late glacial and early Holocene time

We present a 10Be chronology of late glacial to early Holocene fluctuations of a Greenland ice sheet outlet glacier and the adjacent Milne Land ice cap in central East Greenland. Ages of boulders on bedrock indicate that both ice masses receded during the Younger Dryas (YD), likely due to rising summer temperatures. Since Greenland ice core records register cold mean annual temperatures throughout the YD, these ice‐marginal data support climate conditions characterized by strong seasonality. The ice sheet outlet glacier and ice cap deposited inner Milne Land Stade moraines at 11.4 ± 0.8 ka and 11.4 ± 0.6 ka, respectively (mean moraine ages and 1σ uncertainties). Based on the coeval moraine ages, we suggest that both ice masses responded to climate conditions acting on the ice margins, specifically ablation. Moreover, the ice sheet responded sensitively (i.e., on the same time scale as a small ice cap) to climate conditions.
Insects and Mites Affecting Jasmine in the Madras State

Seven insects were recorded by Ramakrishna Ayyar (1927, 1940) as affecting the jasmine plant in the Madras State. The distribution, however, given for two of these fall outside the present limits of the State. There has been no further work to ovaluate the injury to the crop by insects or mites. Observations made during the last one year showed that there are several insects and mites which are capable of causing severe injury to the crop. Two of the insects, as far as known, are being recorded on this plant for the first time. In this paper the biological characteristics and the economic status of the insects and mites which occur on the crop are given.
Climate Variability of the Intensity of Synoptic Processes in the North Atlantic Midlatitudes

Long-term interannual variations of the intramonthly standard deviations of surface meteorological parameters are studied on the basis of the North Atlantic Ocean Weather Stations (OWSs) dataset. To consider the different scales of short-term synoptic variability, intramonthly statistics were calculated for 3-h sampled data and for running-mean data as well. Year-to-year variability is considered in terms of linear trends and interannual oscillations with characteristic periods of several years. Intramonthly standard deviations for most of the parameters tended to decrease during the OWS observational period. Trends in the parameters for different synopticscale statistics are discussed. Intramonthly statistics, computed for different averaging scales, demonstrate remarkably different short-period year to year oscillations. Some relationships between the interannual variations of synoptic activity and the SST anomalies are presented. Intramonthly statistics are found to be an effective indicator of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Finally, the possibility of applying results to statistics computed from climatological datasets and analyses of meteorological centers is discussed.
Present Bias and Quality Reduction on Daily Deal Platforms

We study daily deal markets, i.e. platforms where sellers, called merchants, offer coupons for their products at a heavily discounted price for a short time window. Inspired by the evidence that both merchants and customers are often unsatisfied with their experiences with daily deals, we setup a two-period model that reconciles such evidence. In the first period, the merchant sells the coupons at the (low) price imposed by the platform and can choose the quality of its product, which is unobserved by the consumers. In the second period, when the deal period has expired and the merchant is free to set the selling price, first-period customers purchase again only if they were satisfied with the quality of the product. Our crucial result is that, if the merchant has present biased preferences, the daily deal market exacerbates the risk that the merchant provides a low quality product, even though, at the beginning of the daily deal campaign, the merchant was fully aware that only a high quality product would have made the campaign profitable. We also show that it might be in the interest of the platform to set a higher price for the coupons, as this would reduce the risk of having low quality products sold on the platform, avoiding negative reputational effects.
A Segment Match-Filtering Method Based on Microwave Photonic Frequency-Time Mapping

For spectrum management and signal detection, fast electromagnetic spectrum acquisition is essential. It requires a wide bandwidth, high-frequency resolution, and fast multisignal measurement. The spectrum is refined after the match-filtering (MF) process for the microwave photonic frequency-mapping system, with better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and frequency resolution. However, the low-frequency range of the spectrum measurement is limited due to the nonlinear frequency-time mapping (FTM) induced by the finite operation bandwidth of the voltage-current conversion circuit. Hence, this article proposes a segment MF method to improve the frequency measurement range. The nonlinear mapping between the frequency and time is measured in the previous calibration and fitted to calculate the signal frequency. Segment MF in accordance with nonlinear mapping is adopted to improve the two sides of the measurable spectrum range. The double-sideband modulation (DSM) at the quadrature operation point of the electrooptic modulator is introduced in the FTM to enhance stability and eliminate the necessity of synchronization. The electromagnetic spectrum monitoring in the proof-of-concept experiment performs with a 0–10 GHz range, 65 MHz accuracy, 75 MHz precision, and 3 MHz frequency resolution at 5 ms.
Structural and Geographical Problems of South Italian Agriculture

King, R. 1970. Structural and Geographical Problems of South Italian Agriculture. Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 24, 83-95. Some general aspects of South Italian agricultural development in the post-war period are outlined, with emphasis laid on continuing structural and regional problems. With Italy now in the vanguard of Mediterranean economic development, evaluation of agricultural policy experience is important. The post-war economic boom has transformed the situation of agriculture in the total economy to such an extent that the early post-war policies were rapidly rendered obsolete; moreover the structure of agricultural policy has not been very sensitive to regional differences within the South.
Infiltration rate in andisols : Effect of changes in vegetation cover (Tenerife, Spain)

ABSTRACT: Soil erosion and infiltration are influenced by chemical, mineralogical, and physical soil properties. Typically, erosion increases with decreasing infiltration. Undisturbed Andisols are considered to be highly stable and resistant to water erosion. A wide variety of Andisols can be found on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands). The objective of the present paper was to determine the infiltration rate of five Andisols and assess the influence of deforestation and a change in vegetation on the infiltration rate. Apparent hydraulic conductivity was measured using a double ring infiltrometer in soils from the Vitrixerands, Hapludands, Haplustands and Fulvudands great groups. The Infiltration rates in the natural soils were very high and in all cases were greater than 130 mm hr−1 (5.1 in hr −1). Harvesting the natural vegetation appeared to increase the bulk density, while also reducing organic matter and the apparent saturated hydraulic conductivity values. Under these conditions erosion can be stimulated.
Further Development of Bartlett-Lewis model for flne-resolution rainfall ⁄

In a recent development in the literature, a new temporal rainfall model, based on the Bartlett-Lewis clustering mechanism, and intended for sub-hourly application, was introduced. That model replaced the rectangular rain cells of the original Bartlett-Lewis model with a Poisson process of instantaneous pulses, in order to allow greater variability in rainfall intensity over small time intervals. A version with two superposed processes provided a good flt to flve-minute data from New Zealand, but required a large number of parameters. In the present paper the basic instantaneous pulse model is extended, following the approach developed in an earlier study, by randomising the cell duration parameter, thus allowing the durations of cells within a single storm to be dependent. Moments up to 3rd order for the aggregated rainfall process are developed for the new model, which is then fltted to 69 years of 5-minute data from Bochum, Germany. The new model is compared with a number of other Bartlett-Lewis variants, and found to perform well, improving on the non-random version, and providing a parameter-e‐cient method of allowing for difierent storm types. A further improvement is found by fltting a model variant in which pulse depths within cells are dependent.
Analysis of Critical Success Factors for Projects in Information Technology Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The purpose and objective of this research are to analyze project success factors in the Information technology sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods that were used during the research were conditioned by the problematics that are the subject of the research. The conducted research of critical success factors is quantitative. The research construct of project success influenced by critical success factors is tested. Necessary information about critical success factors was gathered using a questionnaire. During the results analysis phase for reliability and validity testing Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used, and for hypothesis testing the Structural equation modeling. Results of the research showed that the critical factors for IT project success in Bosnia and Herzegovina are competent project managers, technical background, project team, organizational support, and stakeholders. This research represents the first analysis of critical success factors for projects in the IT industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The limitation of this research is a smaller sample of examinees. This is the result of insufficient development of the IT industry and project management in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Circulating Tumour Cells: Detection and Application in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Tissue biopsy is the current gold standard for the diagnosis and molecular profiling of NSCLC. However, this approach presents some limitations due to inadequate tissue sampling, and intra- and intertumour heterogenicity. Liquid biopsy is a noninvasive method to determine cancer-related biomarkers in peripheral blood, and can be repeated at multiple timepoints. One of the most studied approaches to liquid biopsies is represented by circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Several studies have evaluated the prognostic and predictive role of CTCs in advanced NSCLC. Despite the limitations of these studies, the results of the majority of studies seem to be concordant regarding the correlation between high CTC count and poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Similarly, the decrease of CTC count during treatment may represent an important predictive marker of sensitivity to therapy in advanced NSCLC. Furthermore, molecular characterization of CTCs can be used to provide information on tumour biology, and on the mechanisms involved in resistance to targeted treatment. This review will discuss the current status of the clinical utility of CTCs in patients with advanced NSCLC, highlighting their potential application to prognosis and to treatment decision making.
Comparison of observed and multimodeled trends in annual extremes of temperature and precipitation

The performance of five global coupled climate models in simulating temporal trends in annual indices of extremes in surface temperature and precipitation during the second half of the 20th century is examined. The selected models are all represented in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Linear trend patterns for individual model runs along with single‐ and multimodel ensemble mean trend patterns are objectively compared against corresponding observed trend fields. Some positive effects of the multimodel “super‐ensemble” approach were found when there was reasonable skill in contributing members.
Mapping of sea bottom topography in a multi sensor approach

Three remote sensing methods for obtaining information on sea bottom topography have been investigated: passive optical bathymetry, sun glint observation and radar observation. Optical and microwave remotely sensed data as well as extensive in-situ data, including a detailed bathymetric map, were gathered in a sand wave area off the Dutch coast. These data were compared with each other and with model predictions. The models are based on the current state-of-the-art, with some extensions. Passive optical bathymetry has limited use above the North Sea because of its limited depth range. Sun glint observation of bottom topography is possible, but its practical applicability is limited by the requirement of low wind speeds and cloudless weather. Radar observation with an imaging radar operating at long wavelengths has the highest potential. The agreement between radar data and model predictions is not always good, due to lack of knowledge on the basic processes. However, in cases where there is good agreement, the imaging model can be inverted numerically to retrieve depth information from radar images. <<ETX>>
Estimation of stature from radius length in living adult Bengali males

Introduction: Estimation of stature from length of long bones is of practical importance and has to be population specific. Work on estimation of stature in living subjects from radius length is limited. We attempted to develop a predictive equation for stature from radius length. Methodology: Stature and length of radius were measured in 510 healthy adult Bengali men aged between 21-50 years. Scatter plots were constructed with regression lines to correlate height with length of left radius (LR) and right radius (RR), measurements being in centimeters. Multiple linear regression was applied to develop a predictive equation for stature based on age and radius lengths. Its validity was tested by predicting stature in 30 additional randomly selected subjects and comparing estimated height with actual height. Result: Height showed strong correlation with length of left ( r = 0.971, p < 0.001) and right ( r = 0.974, p < 0.001) radius. The gender specific equation for prediction of stature was: Height = 23.9695 + 1.3848 X LR + 4.0723 X RR – 0.01678 X Age; the equation having a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 1.69 cm. If age was omitted, the equation was: Height = 23.5517 + 1.3932 X LR + 4.0571 X RR; with SEE of 1.70 cm. Strong agreement between observed and estimated heights in the holdout sample of 30 individuals was indicated by intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.978. Conclusion: Using these equations it is possible to predict stature in adult Bengali males from radius length. Applicability to other situations remains to be explored.
Multiple object tracking using space-time adaptive correlation tracking

In application of tracking and detecting the suspicious activities, multiple object tracking (MOT) has been given fine attention due to its application as it provides the parallel task of identification and tracking of human. MOT ensures the identification and trajectory for each object frame as they interact, despite the changes in its appearance, occlusion and various other tasks involved. Recent adoption of deep learning has given a new perspective but still achieving high metrics remains a major issue to overcome such issues, this research work presents the integrated architecture of deep convolutional covariance networks (DCCNs) and space-time adaptive correlation tracking (STACT) algorithm with similarity map function (SMF). Moreover, in proposed work, DCCNs is utilized for feature extractions through each frame capturing the distinctive information, STACT is tracking approaches that utilizes the SMF for locating and tracking objects. SMFs are updated for any changes in human appearances and motion, also it deals with occlusion. Here the proposed model is evaluated on MOT17 and MOT20 dataset. Performance analysis is carried out through comparing the existing model and Integrated-DCCN achieves higher metrics.
CRISPR/Cas9 Landscape: Current State and Future Perspectives

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 is a unique genome editing tool that can be easily used in a wide range of applications, including functional genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, biotechnology, plant engineering, livestock breeding, gene therapy, diagnostics, and so on. This review is focused on the current CRISPR/Cas9 landscape, e.g., on Cas9 variants with improved properties, on Cas9-derived and fusion proteins, on Cas9 delivery methods, on pre-existing immunity against CRISPR/Cas9 proteins, anti-CRISPR proteins, and their possible roles in CRISPR/Cas9 function improvement. Moreover, this review presents a detailed outline of CRISPR/Cas9-based diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. Finally, the review addresses the future expansion of genome editors’ toolbox with Cas9 orthologs and other CRISPR/Cas proteins.
Cadmium regeneration within the North Atlantic

Cadmium (Cd) incorporated into the benthic microfossils has been widely used in reconstructing the past water circulation in the North Atlantic. This requires a major control by conservative mixing over regeneration process on the seawater cadmium distribution in the North Atlantic. Through coupling the recently reported Cd data at depths below 300 m with quantitative water mass analysis along the GA03 transect, we tested two models for cadmium cycling within the North Atlantic: conservative mixing alone and conservative mixing plus regeneration which is termed as regenerative mixing. The results show that the regenerative mixing model reproduces the observations (slope = 0.99 and R2 = 0.97) much better than the conservative mixing model (slope = 0.99 and R2 = 0.88). The regenerative mixing model was applied to estimate the amount of dissolved cadmium regenerated “within” the North Atlantic. This regionally regenerated cadmium contributes to ~10% and >50% of the total cadmium in the North Atlantic at depths >1000 m and 300–1000 m, respectively, indicating that the microfossil‐reconstructed seawater Cd can be attributed to the mixing from the South Atlantic to the North Atlantic with high accuracy for depths below 1000 m, while within 300–1000 m cadmium is more controlled by the regeneration process than the mixing process, complicating the attribution of the microfossil‐reconstructed seawater Cd to the changes in water mass geometry within this 300–1000 m depth range. A regionally and vertically constant Cd/PO43− regeneration ratio ~262 pM/µmol/kg was derived from the regenerative mixing model which is comparable with ratios estimated in the recent studies for the North Atlantic.
The Ying and Yang of Ganglioside Function in Cancer

Simple Summary Gangliosides, sialylated glycosphingolipids, have been found to affect cell growth as a result of their effect on signaling pathways. An increasing number of studies have shown that cells isolated from different types of cancer may overexpress a specific ganglioside(s), which can affect the interaction of specific growth factors with their receptors, thereby altering cell behavior. As more is learned about the mechanisms by which gangliosides exert their positive or negative effects, it is anticipated that it will provide the basis for the development of treatments to inhibit the proliferation and/or metastasis of cancer cells. Abstract The plethora of information about the expression of cancer cell-associated gangliosides, their role(s) in signal transduction, and their potential usefulness in the development of cancer treatments makes this an appropriate time to review these enigmatic glycosphingolipids. Evidence, reflecting the work of many, indicates that (1) expression of specific gangliosides, not generally found in high concentrations in most normal human cells, can be linked to certain types of cancer. (2) Gangliosides can affect the ability of cells to interact either directly or indirectly with growth factor receptors, thereby changing such things as a cell’s mobility, rate of proliferation, and metastatic ability. (3) Anti-ganglioside antibodies have been tested, with some success, as potential treatments for certain cancers. (4) Cancer-associated gangliosides shed into the circulation can (a) affect immune cell responsiveness either positively or negatively, (b) be considered as diagnostic markers, and (c) be used to look for recurrence. (5) Cancer registries enable investigators to evaluate data from sufficient numbers of patients to obtain information about potential therapies. Despite advances that have been made, a discussion of possible approaches to identifying additional treatment strategies to inhibit metastasis, responsible for the majority of deaths of cancer patients, as well as for treating therapy-resistant tumors, is included.
Carbonate sedimentation and effects of eutrophication observed at the Kališta subaquatic springs in Lake Ohrid (Macedonia)

Abstract. To date, little is known about the role of spring waters with respect to authigenic carbonate precipitation in a shallow lacustrine setting. Lake Ohrid, located in Southeastern Europe, is a large lake fed to over 50% by karstic springs of which half enter subaquatically and influence significantly its ecology and species distribution. In order to evaluate how sedimentological processes are influenced by such shallow-water springs, the Kalista subaquatic spring area in the north west of Lake Ohrid was investigated by a sidescan sonar survey and with sediment traps and three transects of gravity short cores. Results indicate that sedimentation in the spring area is dominated by authigenic carbonate precipitation. High sedimentation rates and evidences for bio-induced precipitation processes were observed in the water column and in the sediments. Two distinct stratigraphic units characterize the shallow subsurface, both composed of carbonate silts with high carbonate contents of up to 96%, but differing in color, carbonate content and diatom content. A chronological correlation of the cores by radiocarbon dates and 137Cs activities places the transition between the two stratigraphic units after ~1955 AD. At that time, coastal sedimentation changed drastically to significantly darker sediments with higher contents of organic matter and more abundant diatoms. This change coincides with the recent human impact of littoral eutrophication.
Toward a Big History 2.0: A brief position paper

We propose a “Big History 2.0” framework based on a time-by-complexity relationship that the two authors converge on, a synthesis from their prior independent work. In particular, the framework distinguishes a line of levels of combogenesis from quarks to culture, in contrast to patterns of emergence involving larger aggregates or groups. The framework identifies major transitions to novelty marked by innovations in general evolutionary dynamics (PVSR; propagation, variation, and selective retention), which have occurred multiple times following the Big Bang. As in Henriques’ Tree of Knowledge System, we take the Mind-Animal plane of dynamics as one of these major transitions because of the innovative PVSR-dynamics in the mindedness of animals. We note the need to simultaneously attend to patterns and processes of formation, and we describe avenues of further consideration that follow from this framework. This position paper has been improved and slightly expanded from the version originally presented to the Big History Research Group for general discussion on November 20, 2022.