Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Electron Pressure in the Solar Lower Transition Region Determined from O V and Si III Density-sensitive Line Ratios

We determine the electron density at the temperatures of formation of O+4 and Si+2 ions, which are about 2.5 × 105 and 3.2 × 104 K in ionization equilibrium, respectively. These temperatures occur in the lower transition region of the Sun's atmosphere and allow a test of the often invoked assumption of constant pressure in quiet-Sun models. The O+4 density is determined from a density-sensitive spectroscopic O V line ratio involving 2s2p3P-2p23P transitions that fall near 760 Å. The Si+2 density is determined from a density-sensitive Si III line ratio within the 3s3p3P-3p23P multiplet near 1300 Å. There are few available line ratio techniques for determining the density and hence electron pressure in the quiet-Sun and coronal hole transition regions using lines emitted by the same ion, and determining these quantities is the principal motivation for this work. The spectra used in our analysis were obtained from the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) experiment on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We determine the electron density and pressure in typical quiet-Sun/coronal hole regions, and densities in active region brightenings and in an explosive event. Our O V and Si III results indicate that constant pressure is valid or nearly valid in quiet-Sun lower transition regions, although there are complications arising from the weakness of a key Si III line in the quiet-Sun disk spectra. We also discuss our results in light of other density measurements and theories regarding the structure and heating of the transition region.
Pathogenicity of a novel bovine adenovirus type 3 with a natural deletion partial fiber gene in BALB/c mice

Objective A novel Bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAdV-3) with a natural deletion partial fiber gene was isolated in 2020 and named BO/YB24/17/CH. The objective of this study was to understand the pathogenicity of this virus. Methods Thiry-two 3-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Mice in the experimental groups were intranasally inoculated with virus, and mice in the control group were inoculated with MDBK cell supernatant. Mice were weighed and clinically examined daily for appearance of any clinical signs. Three infected mice and one control mouse were euthanized at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days after inoculation. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination, immunohistochemical staining, and detection of the replication dynamics of virus. Results All infected mice developed mild clinical signs such as lethargy, weight loss, loss of appetite, and a rough hair coat, and gross lesions were observed as pulmonary punctate hemorrhage, lobular atrophy and splenomegaly. Histopathological examination revealed thickening of alveolar septa and mildly dilated splenic nodules and blurred red-white medullary demarcation in the spleen. Immunohistochemical results further confirmed that the production of the above lesions was due to viral infection. Importantly, unlike previously reported BAdV-3 detection only in the lungs and trachea, this isolate could be detected in multiple organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and even blood by virus isolation and titration and real-time PCR methods. Clinical significance This study provides further insight into the pathogenicity of the fiber region deletion strain BO/YB24/17/CH in BALB/c mice, which provides a reference for the prevention and control of BAdV-3 as well as the development of vaccines.
Field forms of the layered electromagnetic Green's functions by TE and TM potentials

A complete set of 3D layered electromagnetic Green's functions in the spatial domain is derived by way of transverse electric and transverse magnetic potentials, featuring a “direct” formulation for the field forms of the spectral Green's functions. The improper integrals underpinning the computation of the corresponding point‐load solutions in the spatial domain are evaluated via the method of asymptotic decomposition, wherein the singular behaviors are entirely extracted and integrated analytically—so that the remaining residual components can be computed effectively and accurately via adaptive numerical quadrature over a suitable contour path. It is also found that, in the spectral domain, the decay of the (numerically‐integrated) residual field forms is commensurate with that of their potential‐form counterparts, which eliminates the perceived gap between the computation of the field forms and respective potential forms of the Green's functions in the spatial domain. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methodology is evaluated via comparison with relevant examples in the literature.
Soft-Sensor System for Grasp Type Recognition in Underactuated Hand Prostheses

This paper presents the development of an intelligent soft-sensor system to add haptic perception to the underactuated hand prosthesis PrHand. Two sensors based on optical fiber were constructed, one for finger joint angles and the other for fingertips’ contact force. Three sensor fabrications were tested for the angle sensor by axially rotating the sensors in four positions. The configuration with the most similar response in the four rotations was chosen. The chosen sensors presented a polynomial response with R2 higher than 92%. The tactile force sensors tracked the force made over the objects. Almost all sensors presented a polynomial response with R2 higher than 94%. The system monitored the prosthesis activity by recognizing grasp types. Six machine learning algorithms were tested: linear regression, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, decision tree, k-means clustering, and hierarchical clustering. To validate the algorithms, a k-fold test was used with a k = 10, and the accuracy result for k-nearest neighbor was 98.5%, while that for decision tree was 93.3%, enabling the classification of the eight grip types.
Low-frequency tunable acoustic absorber based on split tube resonators

We demonstrate a high-efficiency tunable acoustic absorber for low frequencies (<500 Hz) with subwavelength thickness. The acoustic absorber is based on split tube resonators and could reach high-efficiency absorption at tunable resonance frequency with wavelength in air at least 30 times larger than its total thickness in simulations and experiments. The resonance frequency and high-efficiency absorption of the absorber are robust under oblique incidence even at large angles. The absorber could have potential applications for acoustic engineering due to its high structural stability, ease of fabrication, subwavelength thickness, and robust high-efficiency.
Implications of Three Causal Models for the Measurement of Halo Error

The appropriateness of a traditional correla tional measure of halo error (the difference between dimensional rating intercorrelations and dimensional true score intercorrelations) is reexamined in the context of three causal models of halo error. Mathematical derivations indicate that the traditional correlational measure typically will underestimate halo error in ratings and can suggest no halo error or even "negative" halo error when positive halo error actually occurs. A corrected correlational measure is derived that avoids these problems, and the traditional and corrected measures are compared empirically. Results suggest that use of the traditional correlational measure of halo error be dis continued.
Developing and validating a multidimensional Chinese Parental Psychological Control Scale

Introduction This study validated a Chinese Parental Psychological Control Scale (CPPCS) among secondary school students in mainland China. Methods The item pool consisting of 65 items was constructed based on consultation with existing measures and focus group interviews of 19 Chinese adolescents. After content validation conducted by 14 experts, a total of 40 items were retained and subject to further factorial validation based on a sample of 963 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 13.39 ± 0.72; 52.23% females). Results Using the two random-split half samples, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses retained 30 items that loaded on three factors, including “relational induction” (twelve items), “harsh psychological control” (twelve items), and “social comparison shame” (six items). The three-factor structure was invariant across gender (male versus female) and grades (grade 7 versus grade 8) among the whole sample. Cronbach’s αs of the three dimensions in maternal and paternal subscales ranged between 0.89 and 0.92, suggesting adequate internal consistency. The three dimensions were significantly correlated with each other, supporting the scale’s convergent validity. The concurrent validity of the CPPCS was supported by the positive correlations between subscales and parental rejection, and the negative correlations between subscales and parental warmth. In addition, while the “harsh psychological control” and “social comparison shame” negatively predicted adolescents’ well-being, “relational induction” positively predicted adolescents’ well-being. Discussion The findings suggest that the CPPCS is a promising instrument for measuring multidimensional psychological control among Chinese parents and for investigating and comparing individual dimensions’ effect on adolescents’ development.
Memory T cells possess an innate-like function in local protection from mucosal infection

Mucosal infections pose a significant global health burden. Antigen-specific tissue-resident T cells are critical to maintaining barrier immunity. Previous studies in the context of systemic infection suggest that memory CD8+ T cells may also provide innate-like protection against antigenically unrelated pathogens independent of T cell receptor engagement. Whether bystander T cell activation is also an important defense mechanism in the mucosa is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether innate-like memory CD8+ T cells could protect against a model mucosal virus infection, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). We found that immunization with an irrelevant antigen delayed disease progression from lethal HSV-2 challenge, suggesting that memory CD8+ T cells may mediate protection despite the lack of antigen specificity. Upon HSV-2 infection, we observed an early infiltration, rather than substantial local proliferation, of antigen-nonspecific CD8+ T cells, which became bystander-activated only within the infected mucosal tissue. Critically, we show that bystander-activated CD8+ T cells are sufficient to reduce early viral burden after HSV-2 infection. Finally, local cytokine cues within the tissue microenvironment after infection were sufficient for bystander activation of mucosal tissue memory CD8+ T cells from mice and humans. Altogether, our findings suggest that local bystander activation of CD8+ memory T cells contributes a fast and effective innate-like response to infection in mucosal tissue.
A comparison of the theoretical and experimental results for keV electron scattering from argon

Experiments studying the scattering of keV electrons from noble gas atoms have been performed in the past, as the first Born approximation (FBA) was thought to be valid under these conditions, and hence it was expected that these experiments could be modelled relatively straightforwardly by theory. Somewhat surprisingly these experiments have so far attracted only very limited theoretical interest and the ability of modern scattering theory to describe them has not been firmly established. In our earlier study of the cross section for the resonant transitions, we established that the FBA was sufficient to describe the results for small scattering angles, but it did not account for the observed intensity at larger angles. Here we extend this comparison for the case of argon to monopole, quadrupole and octopole transitions below the continuum. The experimental results show differential cross sections spanning many orders of magnitude for these transitions. The relativistic distorted wave theory developed here describes these experiments for many transitions and a large range of scattering angles reasonably well.
An HLA map of the world: A comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II

HLA frequencies show widespread variation across human populations. Demographic factors as well as selection are thought to have shaped HLA variation across continents. In this study, a worldwide comparison of HLA class I and class II diversity was carried out. Multidimensional scaling techniques were applied to 50 HLA-A and HLA-B (class I) as well as 13 HLA-DRB1 (class II) first-field frequencies in 200 populations from all continents. Our results confirm a strong effect of geography on the distribution of HLA class I allele groups, with principal coordinates analysis closely resembling geographical location of populations, especially those of Africa-Eurasia. Conversely, class II frequencies stratify populations along a continuum of differentiation less clearly correlated to actual geographic location. Double clustering analysis revealed finer intra-continental sub-clusters (e.g., Northern and Western Europe vs. South East Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia; South and East Africa vs. West Africa), and HLA allele group patterns characteristic of these clusters. Ancient (Austronesian expansion) and more recent (Romani people in Europe) migrations, as well as extreme differentiation (Taiwan indigenous peoples, Native Americans), and interregional gene flow (Sámi, Egyptians) are also reflected by the results. Barrier analysis comparing DST and geographic location identified genetic discontinuities caused by natural barriers or human behavior explaining inter and intra-continental HLA borders for class I and class II. Overall, a progressive reduction in HLA diversity from African to Oceanian and Native American populations is noted. This analysis of HLA frequencies in a unique set of worldwide populations confirms previous findings on the remarkable similarity of class I frequencies to geography, but also shows a more complex development for class II, with implications for both human evolutionary studies and biomedical research.
Firms’ risk-taking for customers’ benefit and its relevance with performance relative to aspiration

Abstract We focus on firms’ risk-taking for customers and investigate how this type of risk-taking is influenced by “performance relative to aspiration” (PRA). Specifically, we examine the PRA and project-financing (PF) loan activities of all 79 savings banks in South Korea from 2013 to 2021. Contrary to the prevalent prediction that risk-taking increases with negative PRA, we demonstrate that banks with a more positive PRA take higher risk through PF loans. This suggests that a more positive PRA has given banks the freedom of action to pursue a social-based goal of small business support, which has been neglected by management as less important than their most important goal of pursuing their own profit. Furthermore, unlike the dominant idea that family firms are more risk-averse than non-family firms, we find that when PRA is positive, family firms engage in risky actions more actively for their customers than non-family counterparts. In other words, banks with better PRA take more risk to provide financial opportunities to their customers and this type of risk-taking is more pronounced for family firms. Implications and future research are discussed.
2-D validation of a formulation for the analysis of 3-D bodies that are periodic in one direction and finite sized in the others

A numerical scheme to analyze three-dimensional bodies that are periodic in one direction (z) and finite sized in the other ones (x, y) is presented. The geometry and material composition of the body can be arbitrary. A new formulation using the conjugate gradient-fast Fourier transform method (CG-FFT) has been developed. The formulation is based on the discretization and resolution of the electric field integral equation (EFIE) in both the real and spectral domains and leads to an efficient and accurate numerical procedure. Results are presented for RCS, equivalent currents and fields inside 3-D periodic structures (infinitely long cylinders with arbitrary shape and material composition). These results are compared with analytical solutions and the agreement is found to be good. >
Fault detection techniques based on set-membership state estimation for uncertain systems

This thesis proposes a new Fault Detection approach for linear systems with interval uncertainties, bounded perturbations and bounded measurement noises. In this context, the Fault Detection is based on a set-membership state estimation of the system. The main contributions of this thesis are divided into three parts:- The first part proposes an improved method which combines the good accuracy of the zonotopic set-membership state estimation and the reduced complexity of the ellipsoidal set-membership estimation. - In the second part, a new ellipsoidal state estimation approach based on the minimization of the ellipsoidal radius is developed, leading to Linear Matrix Inequality optimization problems. In this context, both multivariable linear time-invariant systems and linear time-variant systems are considered. An extension of these approaches to systems with interval uncertainties is also proposed. - In the continuity of the previous approaches, two Fault Detection techniques have been proposed in the third part based on these set-membership estimation techniques. The first technique allows to detect sensor faults by checking the consistency between the model and the measurements. The second technique is based on Multiple Models. It deals with actuator/component/sensor faults in the same time. A Min-Max Model Predictive Control is developed in order to find the optimal control and the best model to use for the system in spite of the presence of these faults.
An experiential learning activity in a landscape irrigation undergraduate course.

In the Fall 1999 semester, the and at introduced a 3-credit-hour irrigation system principles and installation course with experiential learning as the core of the instructional format. The experiential learning component of the course is the multiweek installation of a residential irrigation system during the laboratory sections that allows students to learn the procedural skills necessary to properly install an irrigation system. To assess the inﬂuence that this experiential learning activity may have on students’ conﬁdence to perform speciﬁc irrigation installation skills, a survey was administered to 70 undergraduates enrolled in the course (HORT 550: Landscape Irrigation Systems) during the Fall 2006 and 2007 semesters before and after the completion of the irrigation system. Using a Likert scale, students responded to two questions pertaining to 10 speciﬁc irrigation skills used during the installation project: 1) whether they actually performed the particular skill during the installation (coded 0 = did not assist, 1 = did assist); and 2) how conﬁdent they were to perform that aspect of installation on their own (on a 9-point Likert scale with 1 = not at all conﬁdent to 9 = extremely conﬁdent). The correlation between whether students actually performed the particular skill during the installation and how conﬁdent they were that they could actually do it on their own was signiﬁcant (r = 0.46, P < 0.0001). During the Fall 2006 semester, 44 students were asked to compare their actual experience installing the system to what they learned during lecture and by reading the textbook; participants said that installing the system greatly increased their understanding (mean = 7.84, SD = 1.41) and increased their conﬁdence to perform particular skills (m = 7.84, SD = 1.03). As documented in the survey, students beneﬁtted signiﬁcantly from this experiential learning activity.
Development of New a-Si/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: ACJ-HIT (Artificially Constructed Junction-Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-Layer)

A new type of a-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cell, called the HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer) solar cell, has been developed based on ACJ (Artificially Constructed Junction) technology. A conversion efficiency of more than 18% has been achieved, which is the highest ever value for solar cells in which the junction was fabricated at a low temperature (<200°C).
Food, Dietary Patterns, or Is Eating Behavior to Blame? Analyzing the Nutritional Aspects of Functional Dyspepsia

Functional dyspepsia is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning. The pathophysiology of the disease is not fully elucidated and there is no permanent cure, although some therapies (drugs or herbal remedies) try to reduce the symptoms. Diet plays a critical role in either the reduction or the exacerbation of functional dyspepsia symptoms; therefore dietary management is considered to be of high importance. Several foods have been suggested to be associated with worsening functional dyspepsia, such as fatty and spicy foods, soft drinks, and others, and other foods are thought to alleviate symptoms, such as apples, rice, bread, olive oil, yogurt, and others. Although an association between functional dyspepsia and irregular eating habits (abnormal meal frequency, skipping meals, late-night snacking, dining out, etc.) has been established, not many dietary patterns have been reported as potential factors that influence the severity of functional dyspepsia. A higher adherence to Western diets and a lower adherence to FODMAPs diets and healthy patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, can contribute to the worsening of symptoms. More research is needed on the role of specific foods, dietary patterns, or specific eating habits in the management of functional dyspepsia.
Knots in Nearby Planetary Nebulae

HST emission-line images of five of the arguably closest planetary nebulae have shown that there is a progression of characteristics of their knots. This progression begins with dark tangential structures showing no alignment with the central star and location near the main ionization front. At the end of the progression in the largest nebulae, the knots are located throughout much of the ionized zone, where they are photoionized on the side facing the central star and accompanied by long tails well aligned radially. This modification of characteristics is what would be expected if the knots were formed near or outside the main ionization front, obtaining densities high enough to lead to their being only partially ionized as they are fully illuminated by the Lyman continuum (Lyc) radiation field. Their expansion velocities must be lower than that of the main body of the nebular shell. Their forms are altered by exposure to the radiation field from the star, although it is not clear as to the relative role of radiation pressure acting on the dust component vis-à-vis ionization shadowing. The one object that does not fit into this sequence is NGC 2392, which is the most complex nebula in our sample. In this case the inner part of the nebula is composed of a series of loops of material, some being ionization bounded, which cover only a small fraction of the area illuminated by the star. This complex structure may be what gives rise to the large variations in electron temperature inferred from low spatial resolution observations. Cometary-form knots are seen in the outer part of this object, with these objects closely resembling those found in the largest nebula in our sample, NGC 7293.