Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF HYDROLYSABLE TANNIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CROSSBRED COWS

Nowadays, hydrolysable tannin has been introduced to improve the protein utilization in ruminants. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hydrolysable tannin on production performance (milk production and composition) of dairy crossbred cows. In this experiment, 12 crossbred lactating cows (average milk production 10 liters/day) were used in this experiment. The cows were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D). In group A, animals were fed basal diet without supplementation of hydrolysable tannin, however; the animals in groups B, C and D fed basal diet with 20, 30 and 40 g hydrolysable tannin per day, respectively. Duration of the study was 55 days including 10 days of adaptation period. Milk yield was daily (morning and evening) recorded during the experimental period. For milk composition analyses, the milk sample was collected fortnightly from each cow. Milk samples were analyzed for milk protein, fat, lactose, total solids and milk urea contents. Results showed that the milk production was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in group D. The differences in milk fat and total solids were non-significant (P>0.05) between groups. However, the milk protein and lactose (%) were increased with supplementation of hydrolysable tannin. There was reduction in milk urea content of animals fed diet with hydrolysable tannin supplementation but highest drop was observed in group B. The supplementation of hydrolysable tannin also results in the reduction of somatic cell count. From results of this study, it is concluded that hydrolysable tannin supplementation improves milk production and udder health.
Muon Pair Production by High Energy Muons and Muon Bundles Underground

Cross section for electromagnetic production of muon pairs by high energy muons taking into account atomic and nuclear formfactors has been considered. A convenient approximate formula for a differential cross section is given. The ratio of the flux of double and triple muon events produced in this process to flux of single muons has been calculated for various observation depths. It is shown that earlier performed calculations seriously overestimated the contribution of muon pair production to the intensity of narrow muon bundles underground.
Jupiter's Auroral Radio Emissions Observed by Cassini: Rotational Versus Solar Wind Control, and Components Identification

Reanalyzing Cassini radio observations performed during Jupiter's flyby of 2000–2001, we study the internal (rotational) versus external (solar wind) control of Jupiter's radio emissions, from kilometer to decameter wavelengths, and the relations between the different auroral radio components. For that purpose, we build a database of the occurrence of Jovian auroral radio components bKOM, HOM, and DAM observed by Cassini, and then frequency‐longitude stacked plots of the polarized intensity of these radio components. Comparing the results obtained inbound and outbound, as a function of the Observer's or Sun's longitude, we find that HOM & DAM are dominantly rotation‐modulated (i.e., emitted from searchlight‐like sources fixed in Jovian longitude), whereas bKOM is modulated more strongly by the solar wind than by the rotation (i.e., emitted from sources more active within a given Local Time sector). We propose a simple analytical description of these internal and external modulations and evaluate its main parameters (the amplitude of each control) for HOM + DAM and bKOM. Comparing Cassini and Nançay Decameter Array data, we find that HOM is primarily connected to the decameter emissions originating from the dusk sector of the Jovian magnetosphere. HOM and DAM components form a complex but stable pattern in the frequency‐longitude plane. HOM also seems to be related to the “lesser arcs” identified by Voyager. bKOM consists of a main part above ∼ 40 kHz in antiphase with HOM occurrence, and detached patches below ∼ 80 kHz in phase with HOM. The frequency‐longitude patterns formed by DAM, HOM and bKOM remain to be modeled.
Impurities enhance caking in lactose powder 1

15 Caking of lactose and other dry ingredients is a common problem in the dairy and food 16 industries. The lactose production process includes different purification steps, depending on 17 the type of lactose produced. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate how the 18 remaining impurities (i.e. non-lactose components) affect the caking tendency of the final 19 powder. The results from a combination of different methods, including dynamic vapor sorption, 20 characterization of the physicochemical composition and assessment of caking with a ring 21 shear tester, suggested humidity caking. Larger amounts of impurities in the lactose powder 22 resulted in enhanced moisture sorption and greater caking tendency. These findings emphasize 23 the importance of controlling the washing and purification steps throughout the production 24 process in order to limit caking in the final product. 25
Soil carbon dynamics in wheat plots established on grassland in 1911 as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers

Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) changes slowly, and final management influences can be measured only after decades. Analysis of archived samples from a site established on grassland in 1911 showed that SOC, under wheat systems, approached steady state after several decades, and that its amount reflected the inputs of residue C.
Tooth enamel microstructure in North American Phytosauria (Diapsida:Archosauriformes): Implications for biogeography and ecology of a Late Triassic clade of crocodylian-like predators

Teeth can provide important insight into diet and evolution of extinct vertebrates. Tooth enamel microstructure records functional and phylogenetic signals beyond the gross morphology of the dentition. Here , we provide the first systematic sampling of phytosaur tooth enamel to address questions of intra-and interspecific variation, and thus taxonomic identification, biogeographic connectivity, and heterodonty. We sampled 23 phytosaur teeth from five localities throughout the American Southwest and one locality from the Newark Supergroup of North Carolina. These teeth probably represent five heterodont genera and are tentatively assigned to Angistorhinus, Smilosu-chus, Machaeroprosopus, Redondasaurus, and “Rutiodon” . We used scanning electron microscopy to examine their enamel microstructure from transverse, longitudinal, and tangential cross-sections. All sampled teeth are composed of columnar enamel ranging in thickness from 20 to 150 µm, typically 50–100 µm, across all
Dynamic contact angle effects on gas‐liquid transport phenomena in proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode with parallel design

Among the numerical studies on liquid water transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the static contact angle (SCA) model is generally used, while the dynamic contact angle (DCA) model is only applied on the simulation of droplet behaviors with simple geometries like a single microchannel. In this study, for the first time, the DCA model is used to study the gas‐liquid phenomena inside the cathode of PEMFC with parallel flow field design, ie, Parallel‐DCA model. The water emerging and transport processes are simulated on the basis of this Parallel‐DCA model using the volume of fluid method. The DCA effects are investigated by comparing the numerical results to those from the Parallel‐SCA model with the same computational domain and operating conditions and the experiment from an available literature as well. It is indicated that the water distribution pattern from the Parallel‐DCA model is more similar to the experimental results, showing the potential of DCA model to be applied in the simulation of water management in PEMFCs with complex flow field designs. The general water transport, water emerging process, and draining process from the Parallel‐DCA and Parallel‐SCA models are presented and discussed.
Transition-metal-free base catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of 2-ynylphenols for efficient and facile synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]furans

A transition-metal-free base catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of 2-ynylphenols was developed for the facile synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]furans. Various 2-aryl and 2-alkyl substituted benzo[b]furans can be obtained with good to excellent yields using readily available Cs2CO3 as the catalyst under mild reaction conditions. The broad substrates scope and the typical maintenance of vigorous efficiency on gram scale make this protocol a potentially practical method to synthesize 2-substituted benzo[b]furans derivatives.
Research in International Business and Finance On the determinants of SME capital structure in Central and Eastern Europe: A dynamic panel analysis

The purpose of this paper is to test how ﬁrm characteristics affect SMEs’ capital structure using a unique dataset of micro, small, and medium-sized ﬁrms (SMEs) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). We carry out a panel data analysis of 3175 SMEs from seven CEE countries during the period 2001–2005, modeling the leverage ratio as a function of ﬁrm speciﬁc characteristics hypothesized by capital structure theory. By using the cash ﬂow as an explanatory variable, we test some of the predictions of the pecking order theory. Accord-ing to this theory, ﬁrms with more available internal funds should use less external funding. We do ﬁnd strong evidence in favor of the pecking order theory, given that there is a negative and signiﬁcant correlation between proﬁtability and leverage. When we control for other ﬁrm speciﬁc characteristics such as future growth opportuni- ties, liquidity, sales growth, size and assets structure, the cash ﬂow is found to be a strong determinant of ﬁrm leverage. We also argue that the determinants of ﬁrm leverage may be considerably different depending on ﬁrms’ size and age. The empirical results show that cash ﬂow coefﬁcient remains negative and statistically signiﬁcant only for medium-sized ﬁrms, thus suggesting that larger ﬁrms with sufﬁcient internal funds use less external funding than com-parable smaller ﬁrms. We obtain similar results when we estimate the model by ﬁrm age; older ﬁrms demonstrate similar behavior as larger ﬁrms.
Tailoring the plateau burning rates of composite propellants by the use of nanoscale additives

Tailoring the Plateau Burning Rates of Composite Propellants by the Use of Nanoscale Additives. (May 2009) Matthew A. Stephens, B.S., University of Central Florida Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Eric Petersen Composite propellants are composed of a solid oxidizer that is mixed into a hydrocarbon binder that when polymerized results in a solid mass capable of selfsustained combustion after ignition. Plateau propellants exhibit burning rate curves that do not follow the typical linear relationship between burning rate and pressure when plotted on a log-log scale, and because of this deviation their burning behavior is classified as anomalous burning. It is not unusual for solid-particle additives to be added to propellants in order to enhance burning rate or other properties. However, the effect of nano-size solid additives in these propellants is not fully understood or agreed upon within the research community. The current project set out to explore what possible variables were creating this result and to explore new additives. This thesis contains a literature review chronicling the last half-century of research to better understand the mechanisms that govern anomalous burning and to shed light on current research into plateau and related propellants. In addition to the review, a series of experiments investigating the use of nanoscale TiO2-based additives in AP-HTPB composite propellants was performed. The baseline propellant consisted of
Classifier Implementation for Spontaneous EEG Activity during Schizophrenic Psychosis

The mental illness or abnormal brainis recorded with EEG, and it records corollarydischarge, which helps to identify schizophreniaspontaneous situation of a patient.The recordings arein a time interval that shows the brain’s differentnodes normal and abnormal activities.The spiking neuralnetwork procedure can be applied here to detect theabnormalities of patients. The abnormal spikes aredetected using temporal contrast method, and Poissonprobability has been used to find the probability ofabnormality discharge of each channel.Then recurrentneural network advance version long short-term memorytrained with nine channels of probability values togenerate the probability of spontaneous EEG activityduring schizophrenia. On learning of long short-termmemory trainer, Adam gradient optimization techniqueis implemented.Finally, using decoded temporalcontrast method schizophrenia patients predicted bythe above procedure accuracy using cross-validationmethod predicted as 97% whereas actual positiverate showing computes the area under the receiveroperating characteristic curve as 100% area.Again,after a threshold implement of the temporal contrastmethod, it is predicted 100% accuracy with the testingdataset.The novelty and robotic of a spiking neuralnetwork model called probabilistic spiking neuron modelare shown after the mathematical formulation of inputdata set to generate the spikes carefully and intelligentlylike Hz value of EEG should be fixed accurately forthe schizophrenia patients and selection of suitablerecurrent supervised classifier.
Fading AGN Candidates: AGN Histories and Outflow Signatures

We consider the energy budgets and radiative history of eight fading active galactic nuclei (AGNs), identified from an energy shortfall between the requirements to ionize very extended (radius > 10 kpc) ionized clouds and the luminosity of the nucleus as we view it directly. All show evidence of significant fading on timescales of ≈50,000 yr. We explore the use of minimum ionizing luminosity Qion derived from photoionization balance in the brightest pixels in Hα at each projected radius. Tests using presumably constant Palomar–Green QSOs, and one of our targets with detailed photoionization modeling, suggest that we can derive useful histories of individual AGNs, with the caveat that the minimum ionizing luminosity is always an underestimate and subject to uncertainties about fine structure in the ionized material. These consistency tests suggest that the degree of underestimation from the upper envelope of reconstructed Qion values is roughly constant for a given object and therefore does not prevent such derivation. The AGNs in our sample show a range of behaviors, with rapid drops and standstills; the common feature is a rapid drop in the last ≈2 × 104 yr before the direct view of the nucleus. The e-folding timescales for ionizing luminosity are mostly in the thousands of years, with a few episodes as short as 400 yr. In the limit of largely obscured AGNs, we find additional evidence for fading from the shortfall between even the lower limits from recombination balance and the maximum luminosities derived from far-infrared fluxes. We compare these long-term light curves, and the occurrence of these fading objects among all optically identified AGNs, to simulations of AGN accretion; the strongest variations over these timespans are seen in models with strong and local (parsec-scale) feedback. We present Gemini integral-field optical spectroscopy, which shows a very limited role for outflows in these ionized structures. While rings and loops of emission, morphologically suggestive of outflow, are common, their kinematic structure shows some to be in regular rotation. UGC 7342 exhibits local signatures of outflows <300 km s−1, largely associated with very diffuse emission, and possibly entraining gas in one of the clouds seen in Hubble Space Telescope images. Only in the Teacup AGN do we see outflow signatures of the order of 1000 km s−1. In contrast to the extended emission regions around many radio-loud AGNs, the clouds around these fading AGNs consist largely of tidal debris being externally illuminated but not displaced by AGN outflows.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERCROPPING RUBBER ( HEVEA BRASILIENSIS ) IN THE RUBBER GROWING AREAS OF EDO AND DELTA STATES , NIGERIA

This study was carried out in 2007/2008 planting season to evaluate the economics of intercropping rubber among smallholder rubber farmers of Edo and Delta States, through a survey of 54 rubber farmers in a multi stage, purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data collected were analyzed using budgetary technique and production function analysis. Empirical result of the production function analysis indicated that selective herbicides and farm size had the expected positive sign and were statistically significant at (p>0.05) and (p>0.01). The return to scale (RTS) of 0.5267 indicated decreasing return to yield with respect to variable inputs. This shows that production is in stage II (rational zone). The production function analysis also showed that the coefficient of determination (R) was high and indicated that a percentage of 91.30% are explained by inputs used for the regression. Budgetary analysis reveals an average variable cost/ hectare was N3,725.40($25.69) with N11,522.86($79.47) as profit and N7,797.462($53.78) is left as gross margin. Similarly, the per farmer analysis also revealed average revenue of N42, 288.89($291.65) with a gross margin of N28, 616.67($197.36). Rubber based intercrop is a profitable venture if well managed.
THE FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN MINING SECTOR COMPANIES 2014-2019 PERIOD

Financial performance is an assessment of the company from achieving predetermined targets. The aim of this research is the influence of leverage, firm size, capital structure, intellectual capital, and environmental cost towards the financial performance of Mining Sector Company listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2019. This research is included in the type of explanation research with quantitative research. Return On Assets (ROA) is used in this case to measure the company’s financial performance. In this research, the population consisted of 50 companies, and the obtained samples from the purposive sampling consisted of 10 companies. Multiple linear regression is used to be the analysis technique in this research. This research gets results that leverage, firm size, capital structure, and intellectual capital have not to effect on a company’s financial performance. The environmental cost has a significant negative effect on the company’s financial performance. The company must maintain the form of its responsibility to the environment by paying attention to the proportion of the budget that must be spent not to impact the acquisition of its financial performance. Next researcher can add or replace the variables that have been researched, replace or extend the period of the research year, increase the sample of companies, or use other sectors listed on the IDX as samples to get different results.
Large-Scale Modeling of Absorbing Aerosols and Their Semi-Direct Effects

Radiative effects of absorbing black carbon and mineral dust aerosols are estimated from global aerosol climate model simulations with fixed sea surface temperatures as a boundary condition. Semi-direct effects are approximated as the residual between the total direct radiative effect and the instantaneous direct radiative effect of the simulated absorbing aerosol species. No distinction is made for aerosols from natural and anthropogenic sources. Results for global average are highly uncertain due to high model variability, but consistent with previous estimates. The global average results for black carbon aerosol semi-direct effects are small due to cancellation of regionally positive or negative effects, and may be positive or negative overall, depending on the model setup. The presence of mineral dust aerosol above dark surfaces and below a layer containing black carbon aerosol may enhance the reflectivity and act to enhance the positive radiative effect of black carbon aerosol. When mineral dust is absent the semi-direct effect at the top-of-atmosphere of black carbon aerosol from both anthropogenic and natural sources is −0.03 Wm−2, while averaging to +0.09 Wm−2 if dust is included.
Determinants of Fiscal Stress in Central Sulawesi 2014-2018 Period

This study aims to analyze the effect the Local-owned Source Revenue, Regional Expenditure and Gross Regional Domestic Product on Fiscal Stress in Regencies/Cities of Central Sulawesi Province Period 2014 – 2018. Data analysis was using panel data regression method. The results of this study indicated that simultaneously variable Local-owned Source Revenue (PAD), Regional Expenditure (BD), and Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) had a significant effect on Fiscal Stress in Regencies/Cities of Central Sulawesi Province for 2014 – 2018 period. Partially, Local-owned Source Revenue variable (PAD) had reduced and significantly decreased Fiscal Stress in the Regency/Cities of Central Sulawesi Province period 2014-2018. Regional expenditure variable (BD) had increase and significantly affected Fiscal Stress in Regencies/ Cities of Central Sulawesi Province Period 2014 – 2018. While Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) variable had increase and was insignificant to Fiscal Stress in Regencies/Cities of Central Sulawesi Province 2014 – 2018 period.
Microstructure and Compressive Behavior of Al–Y2O3 Nanocomposites Prepared by Microwave-Assisted Mechanical Alloying

In this study, Al–Y2O3 nanocomposites were synthesized via mechanical alloying and microwave-assisted sintering. The effect of different levels of yttrium oxide on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the Al–Y2O3 nanocomposites were investigated. The density of the Al–Y2O3 nanocomposites increased with increasing Y2O3 volume fraction in the aluminum matrix, while the porosity decreased. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the nanocomposites showed the homogeneous distribution of the Y2O3 nanoparticles in the aluminum matrix. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of yttria particles in the Al matrix. The mechanical properties of the Al–Y2O3 nanocomposites increased as the addition of yttria reached to 1.5 vol. % and thereafter decreased. The microhardness first increased from 38 Hv to 81 Hv, and then decreased to 74 ± 4 Hv for 1.5 vol. % yttria. The Al–1.5 vol.% Y2O3 nanocomposite exhibited the best ultimate compressive strength and yielded a strength of 359 ± 7 and 111 ± 5 MPa, respectively. The Al–Y2O3 nanocomposites showed higher hardness, yield strength, and compressive strength than the microwave-assisted mechanically alloyed pure Al.
1918 ETERNAL DOMINATION : CRITICALITY AND REACHABILITY

We show that for every minimum eternal dominating set, D, of a graph G and every vertex v ∈ D, there is a sequence of attacks at the vertices of G which can be defended in such a way that an eternal dominating set not containing v is reached. The study of the stronger assertion that such a set can be reached after a single attack is defended leads to the study of graphs which are critical in the sense that deleting any vertex reduces the eternal domination number. Examples of these graphs and tight bounds on connectivity, edge-connectivity and diameter are given. It is also shown that there exist graphs in which deletion of any edge increases the eternal domination number, and graphs in which addition of any edge decreases the eternal domination number.