Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kink effect in short-channel polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors

Excess current, induced by impact ionization (kink effect) has been investigated in short-channel polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs). We have shown, both experimentally and by using two-dimensional (2-D) numerical simulations, that the output characteristics are substantially degraded by the kink effect as the channel length is reduced. In particular, we have shown that the excess current, triggered by the impact ionization and enhanced by the parasitic bipolar transistor action, scales nearly as L−2, thus making very difficult the downscaling of polysilicon TFTs. Such L dependence has been clarified through a detailed analysis of the current components obtained from 2-D numerical simulations. The analysis demonstrates that there are fundamental issues with the output characteristics, and it appears that the introduction of appropriate drain field relief structures will be necessary for the fabrication of short-channel polysilicon TFTs with high output impedance.
Analysis of intra-level isolation test structure data by multiple regression facilitate rule identification for diagnostic expert systems

It is shown that multiple regression analysis of data from test structures designed to evaluate VLSI fabrication processes for multilevel interconnects can produce a reduced information set that can be operated on by the ID3 algorithm to produce candidate rules for a diagnostic expert system. Supplementary candidate rules that relate specific facets of the reduced information set to process conditions can be identified in a second level of statistical regression, but the authors experience has been that this is probably less effective as a stand-alone approach. The value of the expert system in the interpolation of test structure data for VLSI manufacturing support is the relative rapidity with which it can deliver diagnoses, its easily maintained knowledge base, its essentially infinite memory capacity, and the useful technical discipline it asks of those who wish to exploit these advantages. <<ETX>>
Factors Associated with Fatigue in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review

Fatigue is the primary complaint most frequently reported by patients on hemodialysis. The importance of knowing the factors related to fatigue is a strategy that can be carried out by health workers in optimally applying interventions to reduce patient fatigue problems. This systematic review aimed to determine the factors associated with fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The systematic review method began by identifying research articles in the Pubmed, ProQuest, Ebsco, and ScienceDirect databases in 2011–2020. Review protocol was using PRISMA. Based on the results of the analysis, it was obtained 23 articles that discussed demographic factors, physiological factors, socioeconomic factors, situational factors, and psychological factors that could be associated with fatigue in hemodialysis patients. There is much to learn about fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis, including causative factors, assessment of severity, and effective management of fatigue so that it can be used as a benchmark for determining appropriate interventions.
Direct extraction method of SOI MOSFET transistors parameters

An extraction method for small-signal model parameters of Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) MOS transistors is presented. This technique allows to obtain the intrinsic and extrinsic parameter values for a high frequency small-signal model directly from scattering parameter measurements. Only two sets of measured S-parameters are required, one set in the zero-bias condition at relatively high frequency to obtain values of series parasitic elements (R/sub G/, R/sub D/ and R/sub S/) and the other in the frequency band and the bias conditions of interest to determine the parallel elements of the equivalent circuit.
Synchronization Of Autonomic Control Loops Of Blood Circulation In Patients With COVID-19

This study aims to investigate the strength of synchronization between the autonomic control loops of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in patients with COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods — We calculated the total percent of phase synchronization index (S index) between the loops of autonomic control of heart rate and vascular tone in two sample groups: healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients. Results — The group-average value of the S index in COVID-19 patients is lower comparing to healthy individuals, the Mann-Whitney U-test confirmed that the differences are statistically significant. Conclusion — Obtained results suggest that the decreased value of the S index reflects the presence of a viral disease, and the S index is a promising basis for non-invasive screening diagnostics of viral diseases, particularly of COVID-19.
Internal conversion of the anionic GFP chromophore: in and out of the I-twisted S1/S0 conical intersection seam

The functional diversity of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) family is intimately connected to the interplay between competing photo-induced transformations of the chromophore motif, anionic p-hydroxybenzylidene-2,3-dimethylimidazolinone (HBDI−). Its ability to undergo Z/E-isomerization is of particular importance for super-resolution microscopy and emerging opportunities in optogenetics. Yet, key dynamical features of the underlying internal conversion process in the native HBDI− chromophore remain largely elusive. We investigate the intrinsic excited-state behavior of isolated HBDI− to resolve competing decay pathways and map out the factors governing efficiency and the stereochemical outcome of photoisomerization. Based on non-adiabatic dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that non-selective progress along the two bridge-torsional (i.e., phenolate, P, or imidazolinone, I) pathways accounts for the three decay constants reported experimentally, leading to competing ultrafast relaxation primarily along the I-twisted pathway and S1 trapping along the P-torsion. The majority of the population (∼70%) is transferred to S0 in the vicinity of two approximately enantiomeric minima on the I-twisted intersection seam (MECI-Is). Despite their sloped, reactant-biased topographies (suggesting low photoproduct yields), we find that decay through these intersections leads to products with a surprisingly high quantum yield of ∼30%. This demonstrates that E-isomer generation results at least in part from direct isomerization on the excited state. A photoisomerization committor analysis reveals a difference in intrinsic photoreactivity of the two MECI-Is and that the observed photoisomerization is the combined result of two effects: early, non-statistical dynamics around the less reactive intersection followed by later, near-statistical behavior around the more reactive MECI-I. Our work offers new insight into internal conversion of HBDI− that both establishes the intrinsic properties of the chromophore and enlightens principles for the design of chromophore derivatives and protein variants with improved photoswitching properties.
Nutritional status determines apparent assimilative capacity and functional response of marine predatory fish

Marine predatory fish face unpredictable prey environments, ranging from abundance to scarcity of food. Dimensioning their assimilative system to accommodate gorging and fasting is therefore a central life history choice. Assimilative capacity experiments typically operate with sustained feeding to satiation, and therefore ignore the fluctuations in natural feeding opportunities. A more relevant description of the adaptive response is the episodic capacity associated with binge feeding (hyperphagia). We develop the theoretical foundation to define episodic and sustained capacity and its allometry. Extensive empirical evidence on marine piscivorous fish at higher latitudes confirms that the episodic capacity scales almost linearly with predator body mass (exponent approximately 0.95), producing an increasing factorial hyperphagic scope (exponent approximately 0.20). Our synthesis overturns the reigning steady state perspective on assimilative capacity. The fish can utilize an episodic capacity, typically twice the size of the sustained capacity, resulting in local dynamics of functional responses with profound implications for scaling-up to ecosystem level.
Two-dimensional self-consistent simulation of a triangular p-channel SOI nano-flash memory device

This paper presents the simulation of an SOI nano-flash memory device. The device is composed of a triangular quantum wire channel p-MOSFET with a self-aligned nano-floating gate embedded in the gate oxide. The simulation is carried out by combining TSUPREM-4 and a two-dimensional (2-D) self-consistent solution of the Poisson and Schrodinger equations. The fabrication process as well as quantum physics are taken into account. Hole distribution in the inversion layer of the triangular channel section is calculated in terms of wave functions and energy subbands. The threshold voltage shift between the programming and erasing of the device is investigated. In this paper, we show that the channel shape plays a crucial role in the programming voltage and the threshold voltage shift. Based on the fact that the holes are confined mainly at the top of the triangular channel section, we explain why our triangular channel device can be operated at relatively low programming voltage despite of a thick gate oxide and tunnel oxide. The threshold voltage shift in the triangular channel device is compared with that in a rectangular channel device. The result shows that the triangular channel device exhibits the larger threshold voltage shift.
Effect of Equal Channel Angular Pressing on Corrosion Resistance of Al-Mg Alloy

Al-2.8wt. %Mg alloy samples were subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) with different number of passes, and the corrosion resistance of as-cast and ECAP-processed samples was investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved with increasing ECAP passes.
The Evaluation of the Learning Management System Implementation for Functional Distance Learning of Basic Tax Instructor

This research evaluated the implementation of a Learning Management System (LMS) designed for the Functional Distance Learning (DL) of Basic Tax Instructor. The object of study is the four classes of Basic Tax Instructor Functional DL at Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Pontianak, and Manado, Indonesia. The primary data were obtained from questionnaires submitted to 115 participants and the secondary data in the form of graduation data. The research method is descriptive qualitative. An essential finding of this study is that the LMS is good, easier to access, to learn, provides complete, real-time, has a nice and attractive look, creative, engaging, and accessible. The problem with accessing the LMS is signal/network issues. For improving it, some participants suggest the LMS make it more attractive, always updated, more easy to access, added some feature, accessible for all the time, it integrated with institution learning center (Kemenkeu Learning Center), and make more simple.
Correlation of Stress Levels and the Incidence of Pityriasis Sicca in Final Year Students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara Class of 2017

Background: Pityriasis sicca is a non-inflammatory skin disorder. The symptoms such as white or gray scales that accumulate on the surface of the scalp or in a localized place, peels easily and usually with itching. There are three main factors that cause Pityriasis sicca. Stress stimulates the body to increase sebum production in the sebaceous glands. Objective: To know the correlation between stress levels and incidence of Pityriasis sicca in the final year students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara class of 2017. Methods: This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design, started from July 2020 until October 2020. Sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique. The data were obtained using univariate and bivariate statistical analysis. Results: Univariate analysis showed 102 respondents were at a normal stress level (40.3%) and there were 105 respondents (41.5%) who suffered from Pityriasis sicca, total samples were 253 respondents. From the bivariate analysis, it was found that there is a significant correlation between stress levels and the incidence of Pityriasis sicca. Conclusion: There is correlation between stress levels and the incidence of Pityriasis sicca in class 2017 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Seismic response of new reinforced concrete structures: conventional versus innovative systems using hysteretic dampers

The great economic losses suffered after several earthquakes in the last two decades showed a need for new design and construction procedures based in the performance of structures during earthquakes. But there are several sources of uncertainties to this end. Firstly the identification and definition of the potential hazard that may exist at the site. Furthermore, the knowledge of strength, deformations and energy dissipation capacities of the structural elements and the identification and quantification of the engineering demand parameters to define damage in structural elements. And finally the use of design approaches to accomplish the definition of the structural system with predictable seismic performance and the acceptability analysis procedures to verify if the performance levels are exceeded. This research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the seismic performance of RC structures through shaking table and quasi-static tests and numerical studies with non-linear finite element models. This thesis is divided in 6 chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the framework and the main concepts in which this thesis is supported. Chapter 2 investigates the seismic performance of a “strong columnweak beam” RC framed structure in terms of several damage indexes. The study is based on the experimental results of a scaled substructure representing a three story building designed accordingly to current Spanish code and tested with shake table at the University of Granada. Chapter 3 investigates the hysteretic behaviour and ultimate energy dissipation capacity of conventional RC ductile walls, and particularly the effect of the inclusion of confinement reinforcement through quasi-static tests. Chapter 4 compares the seismic behaviour of two structural systems. On the one hand, the conventional “strong column-weak beam” RC frame . On the other the innovative stiff-flexible mixed system consisting of a RC frame equipped with hysteretic dampers. Chapter 5 studies the appropriateness and accuracy of three conventional non-linear Static Procedures (NSP) to predict the response of structures with hysteretic dampers. The NSP studied are the Displacement Coefficient Method (DCM) and Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) from FEMA-440 and the N2 method form Eurocode 8. The prediction obtained with these methods is compared to the results of several shake table tests.
Combining data from a multisensor tag and passive sonar to determine the diving behavior of a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)

Reports on the diving behavior of a sperm whale tagged and tracked on September 6, 2000 during the Sirena 2000 cruise in the Ligurian Sea. A total of about 4.5 h of acoustic and nonacoustic sensor data were recorded when a sperm whale was tagged with a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution developed tag with a hydrophone, motion, and pressure sensors. The animal was simultaneously tracked with a passive sonar system deployed from the NATO research vessel NRV Alliance. By combining data from the tag and passive sonar, we were able to reconstruct a three-dimensional track of the whale, along with its orientation and vocal behavior. While it was tagged, the whale carried out three deep dives to a depth of about 900 m in an area with a bottom depth of about 2600 m. The inter-click intervals of the diving whale were not consistent with ranging on the bottom, but were consistent with the hypothesis that the whale was possibly echolocating on some target(s) near the depth at which it dove to feed. This study demonstrated an ability to track subtle changes in the behavior of diving whales. This ability is important for three areas: 1) basic research, 2) studies of the responses of these animals to controlled exposures of man-made noise, and 3) studies to infer the biological significance of behavioral disruption.
A new vertical axis wind rotor using convergent nozzles

Although vertical axis wind turbines have been neglected till now; they can prove to be very promising as in the case of the new rotor designed. During the past two decades, research attention has been focused on improving the performance of vertical-axis wind turbines. The paper introduces a new vertical axis wind rotor for low wind speed areas, which uses a convergent nozzle for the amplification of wind speed. Instead of using large central station power plants, these new rotors can be most conveniently built in smaller units appropriate for individual load requirements. The importance of the work is high especially due to the current trend towards distributed or dispersed generation. Another effort has been made to analyse the optimum nozzle dimensions for a better performance of the system.
GSMAC: GAN-Based Signal map Construction With Active Crowdsourcing

With the dawn of 5G network, a new set of requirements for site spectrum monitoring, location-based services (LBS), network construction, and cellular planning are emerging, all of which are relying on fine-grained signal map. Although with significant importance, the traditional signal map construction, e.g., through full site survey, could be time-consuming and labor-intensive as the signal varies frequently over time and the accuracy requirement grows rapidly with the emergence of new applications. The state-of-the arts usually employ crowdsourcing scheme and matrix completion algorithm to solve the dilemma. However, the crowdsourcing scheme usually suffers from uneven distributed and inadequate participants, while the matrix completion methods do not take the specific signal map features into account, thus suffering from sub-optimal recovery results. To this end, in this paper, we study how to effectively reconstruct and update the signal map in the case of partially measured signal maps with smaller cost and propose a GAN-based active signal map reconstruction method (GSMAC). Our method is mainly innovative in two parts: GSMC, GAN-based signal map construction, and ACS, an active crowdsourcing scheme. Specifically, GSMC can effectively update the signal map with only a small number of observations while also fully using the incomplete historical signals to effectively update the signal map online. Meanwhile, ACS consists of a reinforce learning-based active query mechanism which quantitatively evaluates the most valuable measurement site for reconstruction, which further reduces the measurement cost to minimum. The simulation results and real implemented data driven experiments demonstrate the advantages and effectiveness of our approach in both accuracy and cost.
Evaluation of Dynamic Experiments on Pile Group

Dynamic experiments with a large group of small closely spaced piles were conducted in the field. The results of the experiments are compared with theoretical predictions made for vertical and horizontal response on the bases of different approaches accounting for the group effects, i.e., pile‐soil‐pile interaction. The theoretical approaches employed include static interaction factors, dynamic interaction factors, and complete dynamic analysis, as well as direct static analysis and the equivalent pier. The comparison with the experiments indicates that dynamic analytical techniques are able to predict the main features of dynamic behavior of pile groups for small strains and that the interaction effects are very significant. The omission of pile‐soil‐pile interaction can make the analysis of pile groups quite unrealistic.
A continuous-time network evolution model describing 3-interactions

Abstract A continuous-time network evolution model is studied. The basic units of the model are triangles describing 3-interactions. The evolution of the triangles is governed by a continuous-time branching process. The asymptotic behavior of the model is studied. It is proved that the number of triangles, edges and vertices have the same magnitude on the event of non-extinction, and it is where α is the Malthusian parameter.
An experimental study on flow patterns and heat transfer enhancement in low-Reynolds-Rayleigh-number channel flow

An experimental study was conducted on buoyancy-induced flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics of airflow through a horizontal rectangular channel. The channel had an aspect ratio of six, and its bottom and sidewalls were heated, whereas the top of the channel was cooled. The experiments were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 40 and 100 and Rayleigh numbers ranging from 100 to 4200. The Nusselt number and the temperature distributions on the top surface of the channel were measured simultaneously at different thermal/flow conditions, and the heat transfer characteristics of the channel were evaluated, together with the flow patterns in the channel. The results showed that due to the heated sidewalls, which was an 'imperfect' factor comparing with the classic Rayleigh-Benard channel, longitudinal vortex rolls can occur at a Rayleigh number Ra=100, starting with number of rolls N=2 and then N=4 as Ra increases, rather than the N=6 mode for the same channel with 'perfect' sidewalls. It was demonstrated that the high modes can be excited actively in the channel to produce significant heat transfer enhancement in low Reynolds and Rayleigh number flow.
Evaluation of a Predicted Dynamic Modulus for Florida Mixtures

The new 2002 AASHTO guide for the design of pavement structures is based on mechanistic principles and requires the dynamic modulus as input to compute stress, strain, and rutting and cracking damage in flexible pavements. The 2002 AASHTO guide has three different levels of analysis; the level used depends on the importance of the pavement structure in question. Dynamic modulus testing is required for Level 1 pavement analysis, whereas no laboratory test data are required for Level 2 and Level 3 pavement analysis. Instead, a predictive dynamic modulus equation is used to generate input values. It is of significant importance to state agencies to understand how well the dynamic modulus for locally available materials compares with the predicted dynamic modulus. This paper presents the results of a study by the Florida Department of Transportation and the University of Florida that focused on the evaluation of the dynamic modulus predictive equation used in the new AASHTO 2002 guide for mixtures typical to Florida. The resulting research program consisted of dynamic modulus testing of 28 mixtures common to Florida. Results showed that on average the predictive modulus equation used in the new AASHTO 2002 flexible pavement design guide appeared to work well for Florida mixtures when used with a multiplier to account for the uniqueness of local mixtures. Results of the study also identified optimal viscosity–temperature relationships that result in the closest correspondence between measured and predicted dynamic modulus values.
Shipborne measurement of surface current fields by HF radar

HF radar is a remote sensing technique for measuring surface currents and ocean wave directional spectra. This paper describes the extension of a land based system to enable surface current measurements from a slowly sailing ship. To compensate for the ship's motion, the Global Positioning System (GPS) has been used. Due to additional error sources compared to the land based system, the accuracy of measured currents is slightly reduced from 2 to 5 cm/s to 3 to 10 cm/s. <<ETX>>