Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial autocorrelation and non-farm rural enterprises in Indonesia

Non-farm rural enterprises (NFRE) are increasingly studied because of their role in poverty reduction. However, existing studies of the effects of infrastructure on NFRE may give incorrect inferences because they typically fail to account for spatial effects. Such effects could reflect either spatial errors due to excluded local effects or spatial lags due to excluded interactions, such as between households switching out of farm work. We use rural investment climate survey data from Indonesia that allow distances between each household to be measured so that spatial effects can be modeled to assess the bias from ignoring such effects.
Pc2 EMIC waves generated high off the equator in the dayside outer magnetosphere

It is generally accepted that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are generated around the equatorial regions and propagate toward the high latitude ionospheres in both hemispheres. Here we describe a prolonged EMIC wave event in the Pc2 (0.1–0.2 Hz) frequency band above the He+ cyclotron frequency detected by the four Cluster satellites as they traversed sunward from L∼ 13 in the outer magnetosphere to the magnetopause, over 13°–20° magnetic latitude north of the equator and across the high latitude cusp region near local magnetic noon. Wave packet energy propagated dominantly along the geomagnetic field direction, confirming this was a traveling EMIC wave rather than a toroidal field line resonance. The energy packets propagated in alternating directions rather than uni‐directionally from the equator, implying the wave source was located in a high latitude region away from the equator, where a minimum in the B field is located. The CIS‐CODIF H+ion data provided evidence that the waves were generated locally via the ion cyclotron instability. We believe the off‐equatorial minimum magnetic field regions may be important source regions for these waves in the outer magnetosphere.
Self-reported symptoms of everyday executive dysfunction, daytime sleepiness, and fatigue and health status among adults with congenital aniridia: a descriptive study

ABSTRACT Background Congenital aniridia is a rare genetic disorder of the eye characterized by visual impairment and progressive vision loss. While prior research has focused on ocular manifestations in individuals with aniridia, there is a dearth of research on impacts on cognition and mental health. The aims of this study were to describe subjective symptoms of everyday executive functioning, fatigue and sleepiness in adults with aniridia and to compare self-reported health status with that of a normative reference group. Methods Twenty-nine adults (aged 18–79 years) with congenital aniridia were included in this online survey, of whom 52% were females. Participants completed self-report measures of executive functioning (The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult Version), sleepiness, fatigue, and health status (EQ-5D-5L). Results Participants reported relatively few problems in everyday executive functioning, with only 14% experiencing impaired executive functioning. Scores on the five EQ-5D-5L domains (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, and anxiety/depression) did not differ from those of the normative reference group. The frequencies of excessive daytime sleepiness and severe fatigue were 17% and 38%, respectively. Ocular pain was experienced by 62% of participants. Conclusions The findings show that cognitive problems are related to and reflect self-reported health status and extent of fatigue. Moreover, those who suffered from ocular pain reported more difficulties with executive functioning, sleepiness and fatigue. These findings are important for understanding this disorder and supporting patients.
MOLLUSC SHELL SIZES IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS IN NORTHERN SPAIN (13 200 TO 2600 CAL BC): NEW DATA FROM LA GARMA A AND LOS GITANOS (CANTABRIA)

Shellfish metrical data are a source of information about the exploitation of marine resources in the past. In this study, we propose a methodological approach based on the size structures of different rocky intertidal gastropod species. Three limpet species (Patella vulgata, Patella intermedia and Patella ulyssiponensis) and the toothed topshell Osilinus lineatus are studied from two sites in Cantabrian Spain: La Garma A and Los Gitanos caves over a period of 10 000 years, covering the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. Data are also supplied about a further sea snail species, the periwinkle Littorina littorea (Upper Magdalenian). A reduction in size can be seen, between the upper Magdalenian and the late Neolithic, in the case of the first four species. The explanation for this decline is probably related to the climate change that occurred in the transition between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene, but it is possible that human impact might also have influenced shell sizes in the Mesolithic and Neolithic.
Evolution of Chinese mammalian faunal regions and elevation of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau

On the basis of mammal’s high evolutionary rates and sensitivity to environment, this paper deals with the evolutionary history of the Chinese Cenozoic mammals and environmental changes, and explores the relationship between the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the evolution of zoogeographic provinces of China, through studying fossil mammal and the lithological characters of fossil-bearing beds. Evolutionary tendency and distribution of the mammals demonstrate that the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang region, onset of the Asian monsoon and differentiation of the mammalian distribution probably initiated in Oligocene. The elevation of the Plateau seems to be a gradual and relatively stable process, and the uplift not only has resulted in significant environmental changes in Asia, but also caused distinct regional differentiation of mammals in China since the middle Miocene, and as a consequence the modern zoogeographic provinces gradually took shape.
Identification of hydrologic indicators related to fish diversity and abundance: A data mining approach for fish community analysis

This paper develops a new approach to identify hydrologic indicators related to fish community and generate a quantitative function between an ecological target index and the identified hydrologic indicators. The approach is based on genetic programming (GP), a data mining method. Using the Shannon Index (a fish community diversity index) or the number of individuals (total abundance) of a fish community, as an ecological target, the GP identified the most ecologically relevant hydrologic indicators (ERHIs) from 32 indicators of hydrologic alteration, for the case study site, the upper Illinois River. Robustness analysis showed that different GP runs found a similar set of ERHIs; each of the identified ERHI from different GP runs had a consistent relationship with the target index. By comparing the GP results with those from principal component analysis and autecology matrix, the three approaches identified a small number (six) of common ERHIs. Particularly, the timing of low flow (Dmin) seems to be more relevant to the diversity of the fish community, while the magnitude of the low flow (Qb) is more relevant to the total fish abundance; large rising rates result in a significant improvement of fish diversity, which is counterintuitive and against previous findings. The quantitative function developed by GP was further used to construct an indicator impact matrix (IIM), which was demonstrated as a potentially useful tool for streamflow restoration design.
Unusual features of the January 1997 magnetic cloud and their effect on optical dayside auroral signatures

We study features of the January 1997 magnetic cloud and their effect on the optical aurora at 0630–0930 magnetic local time (MLT). WIND data suggest a thin plasma depletion layer (PDL) preceding the cloud, at whose outer edge the magnetic field rotates southwards, the proton temperature has a local maximum, and the dynamic pressure drops by a factor of 2. At the cloud's front boundary there is a further dynamic pressure drop, another localized temperature rise, and a ∼30° field shear. Prior to arrival of the southward rotation at Earth, the ∼08 MLT aurora is dominated by forms with intense 557.7 nm emission, presumably of boundary plasma sheet origin, located south of zenith (∼75° MLAT) and moving eastward. Minutes after the southward rotation reaches Earth, this emission is replaced by an auroral form which encroaches into the field‐of‐view at ∼ 73°MLAT, expands southward to ∼70° MLAT and westward, approaching ∼0800 MLT at 0600 UT. Its latitudinal positions satisfy a known relation between cusp latitude and interplanetary BZ, and its morphological and spectral properties are similar to those previously associated with an energy‐latitude dispersion signature attributed to plasma transfer at an open low latitude boundary layer. We argue that this auroral precipitation at such far off‐noon MLTs may be due to enhanced reconnection occasioned by the strongly southward field in the PDL/cloud. A POLAR pass across the open/closed field line boundary at 66° invariant latitude is consistent with these inferences.
P–T‐deformation‐Fe3+/Fe2+ mapping at the thin section scale and comparison with XANES mapping: application to a garnet‐bearing metapelite from the Sambagawa metamorphic belt (Japan)

Quantitative X‐ray maps of composition from a chlorite, K‐white mica, albite, quartz and garnet bearing thin section from a Sambagawa blueschist facies metapelite were combined with a multi‐equilibrium calculation method to calculate a P–T‐Fe3+/Fe2+‐deformation map at the millimetre scale. The studied sample was chosen because elongated chlorite crystallization tails (pressure shadows) rimmed by phengite are present, which is an appropriate assemblage for the quantification of the P–T evolution. Chlorite temperature and Fe3+ content maps were calculated by successive iterations for each pixel analysis of Fe3+ until convergence of the four chlorite‐quartz‐H2O equilibria that can be written using the Fe‐ and Mg‐amesite, clinchlore, daphnite and sudoite chlorite end‐members. The calculated map of Fe2+/Fe3+ in chlorite is in good qualitative agreement with the in situ mapping of this ratio using XANES (X‐ray absorption near edge structure) techniques. The temperature map indicates that high temperature chlorite zones with low Fe3+ contents alternate with lower temperature zones and higher Fe3+ contents in the crystallization tail. Late fractures perpendicular to the elongation axis of the tail are filled by very low temperature chlorite (<250 °C) showing Fe3+/Fetotal up to 0.4. Groups of chlorite and mica pixels were then identified based on compositional and structural criteria, and a P–T‐deformation map was calculated using representative analyses of these groups. The calculated P–T‐deformation map suggests that in contrast to chlorite, the composition of most mica did not change significantly during exhumation. Mica reequilibrated in late EW shear bands only. EW shearing was already active at 0.1 GPa, 500 °C, which corresponds to the peak temperature (and probably pressure) conditions, at reduced redox conditions. The intensity of deformation probably decreased with decrease in temperature to ∼350–400 °C. At this temperature, a second main deformation event corresponding to a further EW stretching occurred and was still active below 250 °C and more oxidizing conditions. These results indicate that the scale at which P–T data can be obtained is now close to the scale of observation of structural geologists. A close link between deformation and mineral reaction is therefore possible at the microscopic scale, which provides information about the relationship between deformation and mineral reactivity, the modalities of deformation with time and the P–T conditions at which it occurred.
Improved source modelling through combined use of InSAR and GPS under consideration of correlated data errors: application to the June 2000 Kleifarvatn earthquake, Iceland

SUMMARY Simultaneous use of multiple independent data sets can improve constraints on earthquake source-model parameters. However, the ways in which data sets have been combined in the past are manifold and usually qualitative. In this paper we present a method to combine geodetic data in source model estimations, which includes characterizing the data errors and estimating realistic model-parameter uncertainties caused by these errors. We demonstrate this method in a case study of the June 2000 Kleifarvatn earthquake, which occurred on Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland. We begin by showing to what extent additional data can positively influence the source modelling results, by combining both GPS and descending-orbit InSAR data, which were used in two earlier studies of that event, with InSAR data from an ascending orbit. We estimate the data error covariances of the InSAR observations and base the data weights in our model-parameter optimization on the corresponding data variance–covariance matrix. We also derive multiple sets of synthetic data errors from the estimated data covariances that we use to modify the original data to generate numerous data realizations. From these data realizations we estimate the model-parameter uncertainties. We first model the Kleifarvatn earthquake as a simple uniform-slip fault and subsequently as a fault with variable slip and rake. Our fault model matches well with the field observations of coseismic surface ruptures and its near-vertical dip (83°) agrees with the regional faulting style as well as with aftershock locations. The two published source models of the event, on the other hand, both differ from our model as well as differing for one another. These studies, which were based on the descending InSAR data alone (the first study) and on that same data and GPS data (the second study), both neglect correlations in the InSAR data and do not report model-parameter uncertainties. Therefore, to compare these results with our model, we simulate the earlier model estimation set-ups and provide realistic estimates of the model-parameters uncertainties for these cases. We then discuss the significance of the difference between the existing fault models and demonstrate that both the inclusion of additional independent data as well as the covariance-based data weights improve the model-parameter estimation.
Particle Image Velocimetry In A Centrifugal Pump: Influence Of Walls On The Flow At Different Axial Positions

For almost a century, humans have relied on pumps for the transport of low-viscous fluids in commercial, agricultural, industrial activities. Details of the fluid flow in impellers often influence the overall performance of the pump, and may explain unstable and inefficient operations taking place sometimes. However, most studies in the literature were devoted to understanding the flow in the mid-axial position of the impeller, only a few focusing their analysis on regions closer to solid walls. This paper aims at studying the water flow on the vicinity of the front and rear covers (shroud and hub) of a radial impeller to address the influence of these walls on the fluid dynamics. For that, experiments using particle image velocimetry (PIV) were conducted in a transparent pump at three different axial planes, and the PIV images were processed for obtaining the average velocity fields and profiles, and turbulence levels. Our results suggest that: significant angular deviations are observed when the velocity vectors on peripheral planes are compared with those on the central plane; the velocity profiles close to the border are similar to those in the middle, but the magnitudes are lower close to the hub than to the shroud; the turbulent kinetic energy on the periphery is eight times greater than that measured at the center. Our results bring new insights that can help proposing mathematical models and improving the design of new impellers. A database and technical drawings of the centrifugal pump are also available in this paper.
Geology of Denman and Hornby islands, British Columbia: implications for Nanaimo Basin evolution and formal definition of the Geoffrey and Spray formations, Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group

The Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group of southwest British Columbia is a >4 km-thick succession consisting mostly of deep marine siliciclastics deposited directly on the Insular Superterrane. As such, this succession has been the focus of several paleomagnetic, isotope geochemistry, paleontology, and sedimentology studies in attempts to elucidate the tectonic history and paleolatitude of the Insular Superterrane and associated entities during the critical time of Nanaimo Group deposition (ca. 9065 Ma). However, disagreement as to whether deposition occurred into a single or multiple basins has led to confusion concerning the formal stratigraphy and formation names for the succession, and has resulted in problems with both local and regional correlations. The upper two-thirds of the succession is continuously and well exposed on Denman and Hornby islands and represents the best example of this part of the succession in the northern half of what we consider the single Nanaimo Basin. This area includes the pre.
Monazite control on Th, U and REE redistribution during partial melting: experiment and application to the deeply subducted crust

Rare earth elements (REE), Th and U are elements with similar geochemical properties. In crustal rocks these elements are hosted by the light REE (LREE) phosphate mineral monazite. Piston-cylinder experiments were conducted to constrain monazite solubility and monazite/melt partitioning in hydrous granitic melts at conditions relevant to anatexis at crustal conditions and in subduction zones. Monazite has strong preference for LREE and Th; REE heavier than Nd have decreasing compatibility in monazite, and U is less compatible than LREE and Th. New experimental data and reconciliation with previous studies led to a new formulation of LREE solubility in granitic melts as a function of temperature, pressure, monazite composition and water content in melt. The behaviour of monazite during high-pressure and ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism was studied using a suite of rocks from the Kokchetav massif, Kazakhstan. Detailed petrographic and geochronologic study of the samples from the UHP Kokchetav complex was combined with investigation of trace element geochemistry and mineral inclusions of garnet, monazite and zircon. These data demonstrated that (a) on prograde evolution rocks did not experience a linear increase of pressure and temperature (P and T), but had stages of almost isothermal increase of pressure and heating stage with a small increase of pressure, (b) exhumation produced a close association of UHP gneisses with rocks that experienced metamorphism at lower PT conditions and/or along different paths from typical UHP rocks. The geochemistry of the UHP gneisses of the Kokchetav complex is a perfect target for the application of the new experimental data, because these rocks experienced metamorphism and melting at the highest PT conditions recorded in crustal rocks. Bulk rock geochemistry of the UHP gneisses shows pronounced depletion in LREE, Th and U, and a smaller degree of depletion or enrichment in other elements that are often considered as incompatible. The variation in composition of UHP gneisses is explained by a new petrological model, which takes into account the fact that restites are composed of residual assemblage together with a residual melt. It is demonstrated that together with the residual mineral association, the degree of melting and melt extraction efficiency play an v
ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DI KANTOR BAPPEDA KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT DAYA

Bappeda Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya sebagai instansi pelayanan publik pemerintah teramati pelayanan dan kinerja pegawai belum baik. Pegawai belum disiplin, kepedulian pegawai terhadap masyarakat dan instansi lain yang rendah, dan daya penyelesaian tugas yang belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas pelayanan dan kinerja pegawai di kantor Bappeda Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus dengan jenis deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan di Kantor Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda) Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya pada Januari 2022. Subjek penelitian yaitu Pegawai berjumlah 14 orang, dan Kepala Bappeda berjumlah 1 orang sehingga jumlah sampel yaitu 15. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi dan wawancara. Instrumen penelitian berupa Lembar Pedoman Observasi dan Lembar Pedoman Wawancara. Aspek yang diukur mengenai kualitas pelayanan yaitu: kemampuan fisik (tangibles), kehandalan (reliability), daya tanggap (responsivnees), jaminan (assurance), dan kepedulian (empathy). Aspek pengukuran kinerja pegawai yaitu: kualitas kerja, kuantitas kerja, pelaksanaan tugas, dan tanggung jawab. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis Miles dan Haberman. Yang terdiri dari tahap: reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kualitas pelayanan dan kinerja pegawai Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda) Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya masih rendah.
Characterization of a novel species-specific 51-amino acid peptide, PEP51, as a caspase-3/7 activator in ovarian follicles of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis Type A

Invertebrates lack hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and have acquired species-specific regulatory systems for ovarian follicle development. Ascidians are marine invertebrates that are the phylogenetically closest living relatives to vertebrates, and we have thus far substantiated the molecular mechanisms underlying neuropeptidergic follicle development of the cosmopolitan species, Ciona intestinalis Type A. However, no ovarian factor has so far been identified in Ciona. In the present study, we identified a novel Ciona-specific peptide, termed PEP51, in the ovary. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the specific expression of PEP51 in oocyte-associated accessory cells, test cells, of post-vitellogenic (stage III) follicles. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that PEP51 was localized in the cytosol of test cells in early stage III follicles, which lack secretory granules. These results indicate that PEP51 acts as an intracellular factor within test cells rather than as a secretory peptide. Confocal laser microscopy verified that activation of caspase-3/7, the canonical apoptosis marker, was detected in most PEP51-positive test cells of early stage III. This colocalization of PEP51 and the apoptosis marker was consistent with immunoelectron microscopy observations demonstrating that a few normal (PEP51-negative) test cells reside in the aggregates of PEP51-positive apoptotic test cells of early stage III follicles. Furthermore, transfection of the PEP51 gene into COS-7 cells and HEK293MSR cells resulted in activation of caspase-3/7, providing evidence that PEP51 induces apoptotic signaling. Collectively, these results showed the existence of species-specific ovarian peptide-driven cell metabolism in Ciona follicle development. Consistent with the phylogenetic position of Ciona as the closest sister group of vertebrates, the present study sheds new light on the molecular and functional diversity of the regulatory systems of follicle development in the Chordata.