Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of clients entering women-only substance use treatment services in New South Wales

Background: Women experiencing substance use disorders face barriers to treatment, including childcare, stigma and lack of gender/trauma-informed programming. Several non-government organizations in New South Wales run women-only treatment services to address these needs. Objectives: We aim to assess characteristics of women entering treatment in these services. Design: Data on client characteristics from six women-only non-government organization substance use disorder treatment services in New South Wales between 2014 and 2018 were extracted from a database containing demographics, drug use and treatment characteristics and psychological distress (Kessler-10 scale) of women entering the services. Logistic regression models were used to estimate unadjusted odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio for treatment completion and different drugs on entry. Results: Data were available for 1357 women. Most (91%) episodes were for residential treatment. Women’s mean age was 35.4 years (standard deviation = 9.8; range = 17–67). Residential clients tended to be younger than non-residential clients (35.1 vs 38.5 years, p < 0.001). Methamphetamine (43%) and alcohol (32%) were the most reported principal drug of concern. Women (89%) reported high levels of psychological distress (median Kessler-10 scale score = 27.5, range = 10–50), highest for women reporting alcohol as their principal drug. Overall, 43% of episodes resulted in treatment completion, most commonly for women entering residential treatment (45% vs 22%, p < 0.001) and for alcohol treatment (adjusted odds ratio = 1.42; confidence interval = 1.07–1.90; p < 0.001). Women with Kessler-10 scale scores indicating anxiety or depression at treatment entry were less likely to complete treatment than those with lower scores (adjusted odds ratio = 0.56; confidence interval = 0.38–0.80; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Women entering women-only residential treatment tend to be younger and report methamphetamine as principal drug of concern. Women enter treatment with high degrees of psychological distress. Women’s services need to ensure their programmes can respond to diverse needs of younger women presenting with methamphetamine use disorder and older women with alcohol use disorder experiencing high levels of psychological distress.
Changing Trend of Pan Evaporation and Its Cause over the Past 50 Years in China

Pan evaporation, as a measurement of atmospheric evaporative demand, has traditionally been used for agricultural water management. The changing trend of pan evaporation also attracts attentions from the hydrological community worldwide due to its indicative meaning in hydrological cycles. In this study, the changing trend of pan evaporation in China over the past 50 years was analyzed by using Mann-Kendall test method. The results show that there is a decreasing trend in most of the observations on pan evaporation in China, with an average rate of 17.2 mm/10a in China. In the humid region, the decreasing rate was 29.7 mm/10a, presenting the most significantly decreasing trend, while the decreasing rate were 17.6 mm/10a and 5.5 mm/10a in the semi-arid/sub-humid region and arid region, respectively. Temporally, most significant decreases occur in summer with a rate of -16.2 mm/10a; then, -9.7 mm/10a in spring; the decreasing rates in autumn and winter are relatively low. On the attribution, we calculated the complete correlation coefficients of 7 climate factors with pan evaporation. And decreases in diurnal temperature range and wind speed were found to be the main influencing factors leading to the decrease of pan evaporation. The decrease in diurnal temperature range might relate to the increase of aerosol as well as the other pollutants under the circumstance of global warming, which is one of the main features in the context of climate change; and the lowering of wind speed might be associated with the weakening of the Asian winter and summer monsoon under the global climate warming.
AN EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING MANNING'S n IN SMALL MOUNTAIN STREAMS

This article evaluates eleven techniques for estimating Manning's roughness coefficient in a small mountain stream (hydraulic radius less than 0.25 m). Observed roughness values at 15 sites were very high compared to lower gradient streams, ranging from 0.056 to 0.183. Jarrett's (1984) technique produced the best estimates of Manning's n, although it overestimated roughness by an average of 32% in the steep, turbulent flow. The other ten estimation methods significantly under predicted Manning's n, often by an order of magnitude. The underestimates occur because the methods do not adequately address the effects on flow resistance of large sediment sizes, low ratios of flow depth to hydraulic radius, steep slopes, and severe turbulence. In addition, observers using subjective visual estimation techniques underestimated roughness because of their training in lowland settings. The poor performance of the estimation techniques suggests that discharge should be measured directly whenever possible in steep mountain streams, particularly when determining discharges at low flows where a significant portion of the bed sediments are near to or are breaking the water surface. If one must use roughness estimates to calculate discharge in a small mountain stream, then the Jarrett (1984) method provides the most reasonable estimates of resistance to flow, although care should be taken to avoid reaches with plunge pool sequences and hydraulic jumps.
AMPAkines have site-specific analgesic effects in the cortex

Different brain areas have distinct roles in the processing and regulation of pain and thus may form specific pharmacological targets. Prior research has shown that AMPAkines, a class of drugs that increase glutamate signaling, can enhance descending inhibition from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens. On the other hand, activation of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known to produce the aversive component of pain. The impact of AMPAkines on ACC, however, is not known. We found that direct delivery of CX516, a well-known AMPAkine, into the ACC had no effect on the aversive response to pain in rats. Furthermore, AMPAkines did not modulate the nociceptive response of ACC neurons. In contrast, AMPAkine delivery into the prelimbic region of the prefrontal cortex (PL) reduced pain aversion. These results indicate that the analgesic effects of AMPAkines in the cortex are likely mediated by the PFC but not the ACC.
Mechanical compaction and the brittle—ductile transition in porous sandstones

Abstract Grain scale brittle fracture is an important mechanism for porosity reduction and tectonic deformation in rocks under diagenetic and low grade metamorphic conditions. Microstructural observations and acoustic emission measurements were used to elucidate the micromechanical processes involved (1) in pressure-induced grain crushing, and (2) in the brittle-ductile transition in porous sandstones. Experimental observations show that the critical effective pressure for the onset of grain crushing decreases as a function of increasing grain size and of increasing porosity. The correlation among grain crushing pressure, porosity and grain size can be interpreted using a Hertzian fracture mechanics model. Experimental observations show that both porosity and effective pressure have profound influence on the inelasticity and failure mode. Based on such observations, a brittle-ductile transition map for porous rocks can be constructed in the effective pressure-porosity space. The theoretical predictions of a fracture mechanics model of a pore-emanated crack are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations on the effect of pressure and porosity on inelastic behaviour and failure mode. However, such a model overestimates the crack stabilization effect due to confining stresses since it neglects grain rotation and pore collapse which are important deformation mechanisms in porous rocks. Implications of the experimental and theoretical results on depth — porosity relation, aseismicity at the shallow region of subduction zones, and faulting in sandstones are discussed.
Evaluating the Effects of a General Anesthesia and Prone Position Nursing Checklist and Training Course on Posterior Lumbar Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background While general anesthesia in the prone position is one of the most utilized surgical positions, it predisposes to multiple types of complications. Existing studies on this topic are mostly literature reviews or focus on solving one complication, which limits their clinical use. Objective The aims of the study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a 22-item general anesthesia and prone position nursing checklist and specific training course at preventing complications related to general anesthesia in the prone position. Design The study used a randomized controlled trial. Settings and Participants Convenience sampling was used to recruit patients who underwent general anesthesia during posterior lumbar surgery from July 2021 to December 2021 at the Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hospital. Methods Patients involved in the study were randomly assigned to the control (standard general anesthesia and prone position care) or experimental group (general anesthesia and prone position nursing checklist combined with specific training course in addition to standard general anesthesia and prone position care). Outcomes were pressure injuries, peripheral nerve injuries, ocular complications, and length of stay (LOS). Patient satisfaction, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) and the Oswestry Disability Scale were also measured. Results Compared with the control group, pressure injury, brachial plexus injury, and two ocular findings (foreign body sensation and blurry vision) were significantly less common in the intervention group (P ≤ 0.01). Participants who received standard general anesthesia and prone position care had lower self-reported satisfaction than those managed with the general anesthesia and prone position nursing checklist plus specific training course (P = 0.002). The checklist-based intervention also significantly reduced LOS (P = 0.000) and NRS (P = 0.000). Conclusions The intervention group had significant fewer general anesthesia in the prone position-related complications, improved satisfaction, reduced LOS, and lower NRS. These findings suggest that a general anesthesia and prone position nursing checklist in addition to a specific training course are beneficial to standardizing prone position nursing care during posterior lumbar surgery.
Inversion for rheological parameters from post-seismic surface deformation associated with the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, Chile

SUMMARY Data collected during two Global Positioning System campaigns in 1994 and 1996 across Chile and western Argentina (22 stations), in the area where the M w = 9.5 1960 May 22 Valdivia earthquake took place, shows ground motion velocities that cannot be fully explained by the elastic strain accumulation during the interseismic phase of an earthquake deformation cycle. We use dislocation models to reproduce the observed velocities, with a 3-D source in a medium with one elastic layer overlying a Maxwell viscoelastic half-space, and a planar rupture surface with uniform coseismic slip. The reason for avoiding a more detailed and elaborated model is that knowledge about the Valdivia earthquake source parameters and the area where the event took place is poorly constrained. We focus, therefore, on examining the first-order postseismic deformation, and ignore finer details about the heterogeneity of the Earth. By means of a grid search inversion over more than a million different models, we derived the most likely values for some of the medium and source parameters involved in the deformation process, namely viscosity (η), thickness of the elastic layer (D), average slip on the rupture surface (U 0) and the seismic coupling coefficient (χ). According to our study, the optimum values are: η = 10 20 Pa · s, D = 46 km, U 0 = 15 m and χ = 96. A clear difference is seen between the surface deformation caused by silent-slip on the rupture surface and the one caused by postseismic relaxation processes, two possibilities proposed to explain the anomalous velocities. We find that the deformation associated with the 1960 Valdivia event can still be observed after several decades and it is the most likely explanation for the velocity component that cannot be explained by plate convergence. Our model also predicts that this deformation will still be measurable for several more decades. Our model reproduces the first-order pattern of the measured GPS velocities, showing good agreement with recent finite-element studies, with the advantage of simplicity and short computation time, allowing the extensive search for the best-fitting model.
New observations of local seismicity by the SN-1 seafloor observatory in the Ionian Sea, off-shore Eastern Sicily (Italy)

SUMMARY Seismicity in Eastern Sicily as recorded by the Submarine Network-1 seafloor observatory (SN1) in the period from 2002 October to 2003 May is examined with the aim of identifying the as yet poorly known seismogenic zones placed in the Ionian basin, where some of the strongest earthquakes have occurred. A comparison between the seismic recordings of land networks and the seafloor station has allowed us to focus on low-magnitude seismicity only recorded by SN-1. We have analysed 239 high-quality events from among a total of 485 seismic signals not included in the land-based network bulletins. The waveform features and the possible source zones for those events are investigated by means of polarization and particle motion techniques. Most of the 239 events (213) are characterized by high values of rectilinearity typical of P- and S-arrival particle motions, while the remaining 26 events have different polarization features, with an emergent first phase and prevalently planar polarization. We have interpreted the latter signals as being associated to submarine landslides. From particle motion analysis, we have determined the azimuthal distribution of the events and the incidence angles of P waves in respect to the Observatory with the aim of determining their distribution in relation to the active but scarcely known structural setting of the off-shore area. Moreover, the integrated locations of some earthquakes occurring in the study area and recorded by SN-1 and land stations was performed to determine the apparent P-wave velocity necessary to calculate source-station distances. As an additional result of the integration, we have obtained more accurate locations of earthquakes occurring in the coastal and off-shore areas of Eastern Sicily, associated with reduced horizontal and vertical errors and significantly lower values of azimuthal gaps. Lastly, a location distribution of the 213 analysed events was obtained by setting two conditions: (1) a maximum epicentral distance to a fixed depth coinciding with the depth of the seafloor station and (2) a minimum epicentral distance associated to the maximum depth of events. Accordingly, two patterns of seismicity were determined for the maximum and the minimum expected spread of the hypocentres. The main features of both patterns are a diffuse seismicity in the Western Ionian basin with a major epicentre density SE of SN-1 and a depth of most of the events within 60 km. Local magnitude determination was also performed, taking into account an attenuation law proposed for Southeastern Sicily. Despite the uncertainties in the location distribution using single-station recordings, the results show diffuse seismicity all around SN-1 and, in particular, in the off-shore area.
Occupational health hazards of bidi workers and their families in India: a scoping review

Background Bidi workers and their families are exposed to harmful substances during bidi rolling, thereby jeopardising their health. We aimed to assess existing evidence on health conditions of bidi workers and their families in India. Methods We searched nine databases and relevant websites, and conducted citation screening to identify primary studies assessing occupational health hazards of bidi workers and their families. Two authors independently conducted screening and data extraction. We synthesised the findings narratively in a structured fashion. Results We found 3842 studies, out of which 95 studies met our eligibility criteria. High prevalence of disease conditions across all organ systems of the body was reported in bidi workers. Studies on female bidi workers showed decreased fertility (n=2), increased frequency of miscarriages (n=1) and higher risk of cervical cancer (n=1). Pregnant bidi workers were at an increased risk of anaemia and pregnancy-induced hypertension (n=2), higher frequency of neonatal deaths (n=1), stillbirths (n=1) and premature births (n=1) in comparison with non-bidi workers. Babies born to bidi workers reported low birth weight (n=5). Evidence from cohort studies suggests causal nature of the exposure to the disease condition. Conclusion Our review shows that bidi rolling leads to numerous occupational health hazards in bidi workers and their family members. It is essential to provide alternative livelihoods, and safe and protective working environment, and cover bidi workers under various social security provisions to alleviate the deleterious effect of bidi making at home. It is also important to shift bidi making away from home and strengthen existing regulations and promulgation of new provisions, including India’s Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions Code 2020.
Using Self-Organizing Maps to Investigate Extreme Climate Events: An Application to Wintertime Precipitation in the Balkans

Abstract This paper examines some of the physical mechanisms and remote linkages associated with extreme wintertime precipitation in the Balkans. The analysis is assessed on daily timescales to determine the role of the circulation and atmospheric moisture on extreme events, and also at intraseasonal and interannual timescales to find possible linkages with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) patterns. A nonlinear classification known as the self-organizing map (SOM) is employed to obtain the climate modes and anomalies that dominated during the 1980–93 period. An artificial neural network (ANN) is also used to derive daily precipitation at gridpoint scale and at local scale in Bucharest, Romania. Of the predictors used, 500–1000-hPa thickness, 700-hPa geopotential heights, and 700-hPa moisture are the most important controls of daily precipitation. These results are substantiated with the climate states from the SOM classification, which show strong meridional flow over c.
Transfusion Practice

The objective of this study was to compare hemolysis marker levels after in vitro infusion of red blood cells (RBCs) according to storage time, infusion rate, and peripheral intravenous catheter size. This is an experimental study with randomly administered RBCs in quintuplicate, according to storage time shorter than and longer than 14 days, as well as infusion rate (50 mL/h and 100 mL/h) using catheters with calibers of 14-, 18-, and 20-gauge. Aliquots were collected from RBCs (V1), after equipment and catheter (V2) free-flow filling and after controlled infusion through the catheter (V3). The hemolytic markers analyzed were degree of hemolysis (%), hematocrit (Ht) (%), total hemoglobin (THb) (g/dL), free hemoglobin (FHb) (g/dL), potassium (K) (mmol/L), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (U/L), considering a probability of error ≤5%. Sixty experiments were performed with the analysis of 180 aliquots. When RBCs aged <14 days were used, all catheters tended to increase THb, FHb, and K; while >14 days, RBCs presented increased FHb and degree of hemolysis with catheters of 18-gauge and THb levels at 14-gauge. Among the conditions analyzed, only 20-gauge catheters (the smallest) did not influence changes in hemolysis markers, regardless of RBC storage time.
From Sentence to Action: Splitting AMR Graphs for Recipe Instructions

Accurately interpreting the relationships between actions in a recipe text is essential to successful recipe completion. We explore using Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) to represent recipe instructions, abstracting away from syntax and sentence structure that may order recipe actions in arbitrary ways. We present an algorithm to split sentence-level AMRs into action-level AMRs for individual cooking steps. Our approach provides an automatic way to derive fine-grained AMR representations of actions in cooking recipes and can be a useful tool for downstream, instructional tasks.
Historical Diffusion of Mobile Phones and Its Impact on Energy Demand: Findings and Outlook

Few technologies in history have diffused as intensively and fast as mobile phones, changing the way people interact in society in a matter of years. Rapid spatial diffusion has been another feature of the growth, improving communication in low income countries and raising the life standards of the poor. While demand already shows signs of saturation in developed countries, the potential for growth remains important in other countries. Impacts on energy consumption are assessed by combining the inputs from a real field measurement with an estimated demand from a logistic model. Even though the energy consumed in phone charging is not very significant (6-8 TWh), this demand can be substantially higher when the infrastructure needs and the large capacity of new smartphones are included. Finally, it is shown that the capacity produced of cellular phones reached a level that is comparable to the scale of diffusion of supply energy technologies with similar rates of diffusion
Towards Unsupervised Compositional Entailment with Multi-Graph Embedding Models

Compositionality and inference are essential features of human language, and should hence be simultaneously accessible to a model of meaning. Despite being theory-grounded, distributional models can only be directly tested on compositionality, usually through similarity judgements, while testing for inference requires external resources. Recent work has shown that knowledge graph embeddings (KGE) architectures can be used to train distributional models capable of learning syntax-aware compositional representations, by training on syntactic graphs. We propose to expand such work with Multi-Graphs embedding (MuG) models, a new set of models learning from syntactic and knowledge-graphs. Using a phrase-level inference task, we show how MuGs can simultaneously handle syntax-aware composition and inference, and remain competitive distributional models with respect to lexical and compositional similarity.
Collecting and Predicting Neurocognitive Norms for Mandarin Chinese

Language researchers have long assumed that concepts can be represented by sets of semantic features, and have traditionally encountered challenges in identifying a feature set that could be sufficiently general to describe the human conceptual experience in its entirety. In the dataset of English norms presented by Binder et al. (2016), also known as Binder norms, the authors introduced a new set of neurobiologically motivated semantic features in which conceptual primitives were defined in terms of modalities of neural information processing. However, no comparable norms are currently available for other languages. In our work, we built the Mandarin Chinese norm by translating the stimuli used in the original study and developed a comparable collection of human ratings for Mandarin Chinese. We also conducted some experiments on the automatic prediction of the Chinese Binder Norms based on the word embeddings of the corresponding words to assess the feasibility of modeling experiential semantic features via corpus-based representations.