Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parametrically excited, progressive cross-waves

The variational formulation of the nonlinear wavemaker problem, previously applied (Miles 1988) to cross-waves in a short tank, is extended to allow for slow spatial, as well as slow temporal, variation of cross-waves in a long tank. The resulting evolution equations for the envelope of the cross-waves are equivalent to those derived by Jones (1984) and may be combined to obtain a cubic Schrödinger equation in a semi-infinite domain. The corresponding criterion for the stability of plane waves (i.e. for the temporal decay of cross-waves) agrees with Jones but differs from Mahony (1972). Weak damping is incorporated, and those stationary envelopes that are evanescent at large distances from the wavemaker are determined through analytical approximations and numerical integration and compared with the experimental observations of Barnard & Pritchard (1972) and the numerical calculations of Lichter & Chen (1987). These comparisons suggest that stationary envelopes with either no or one maximum are stable for sufficiently small amplitudes (solutions with multiple maxima may be stable but more difficult to attain) and evolve into limit cycles for somewhat larger amplitudes, but the analytical question of stability remains open.
Planning robot grasping motions in the presence of uncertainty

1 I . Introduction 2 Example . 3 Previous Work . 6 Overview . 8 I1 . Task Mechanics and Notation 9 Friction Cones . 9 Pushing . 10 Assumptions . 11 Notation . 13 I11 . Pushing with One Plane 14 Where Will the Plane Touch First? 16 How Will the Polygon Rotate? 17 Summary . One-Plane Pushing . 26 IV . Squeezing with Two Planes 28 Squeezing Notation m d the Squeezing Space . 30 Where Can the Squeezing Planes Contact the Polygon? 31 . 34 What Polygon Orientations Wedge in an Undesirable Configuration? 38 Combining Seek Lines and Avoidance Regions . 41 How Can We Include Pushing Information? 43 Objective A . 44 Objective B . 46 Objective C . 47 . 48 Which Contact Pairs Provide a Stable Grasp? Summary Two-Plane Squeezing V . When Simple Squeezing Faile 50 The Offset-Grasp . 54 The Push-Grasp . 56
Quasi-Periodic Behavior of the Pacific–Japan Pattern Affecting Propagation Routes of Summertime Wave Patterns and the Associated Tropical Cyclone Tracks over the Western North Pacific

AbstractThis study introduces a modified Pacific–Japan (PJ) index that exhibits a substantial periodicity of 5–16 days in the East Asian summer monsoon region. The quasi-periodic fluctuations of the PJ index can indicate changes in the large-scale circulation systems. In the PJ high phase, the wave pattern propagates northwestward from the western North Pacific tropics to an area near northern Luzon and is then forced to move westward because of a stationary, anomalous high pressure system over southern Japan. The tropical cyclones (TCs) associated with the anomalous low pressure systems tend to follow a straight-moving propagation route through the northern South China Sea. The anomalous cyclonic flow causes heavy rainfall in eastern Taiwan. However, in the PJ low phase, the wave pattern and TCs follow a recurving propagation route toward higher latitudes. The circulation pattern typically brings heavy rainfall to northern Taiwan in the PJ low phase. Therefore, wave patterns under the influence of the qu.
Review of some non-LTE high-altitude CO2 4.3-micrometer background effects: a ten-year update

Progress in the ten years since the previous SPIE publication (Kumer, 1981) on the subject of modeling high-altitude non-LTE CO2 4.3 micron phenomena is summarized. Several models have been developed in these years. These models implement improvements in radiation transport, spectral characterization, rate constants, atmospheric models, and numerics. Applications of these models to the three distinct cases of daytime, ambient night time, and aurora are discussed, and compared with applications of the older model. Several new data bases have just become, or will soon become available. The obvious applications of the models to these data will be discussed.
Optimization of Variable-Stiffness Panels for Maximum Buckling Load Using Lamination Parameters

With the large-scale adoption of advanced fiber placement technology in industry, it has become possible to fully exploit the anisotropy of composite materials through the use of fiber steering. By steering the composite fibers in curvilinear paths, spatial variation of stiffness can be induced resulting in beneficial load and stiffness distribution patterns. One especially relevant area in which fiber steering has proved its effectiveness is in improving buckling loads of composite panels. Previous research used predefined forms of fiber angle variations and the coefficients of these analytic expressions were used as design variables. Alternatively, the local ply angles were used as design variables directly. In this paper, a framework is developed to treat the most general approach that considers the largest possible design space. The use of lamination parameters efficiently defines stiffness variation over a structural domain with the minimum number of variables. A conservative reciprocal approximation scheme is introduced. The inverse buckling factor is expanded linearly in terms of the in-plane stiffness and in terms of the inverse bending stiffness. The new approximation scheme is convex in lamination parameter space. Numerical results demonstrate improvements in excess of 100% in buckling loads of variable-stiffness panels compared to the optimum constant stiffness designs. Buckling load improvements are attributed primarily to in-plane load redistribution, which is confirmed both by the prebuckling stress distribution as well as by comparing the performance of designs optimized with variation of both in-plane and bending stiffness to those optimized with only bending stiffness variation. A tradeoff study between in-plane stiffness and buckling performance is also presented and shows the benefits of variable-stiffness design in enlarging the design possibilities of composite panels.
Reappraisal of the largest ctenochasmatid Moganopterus zhuiana Lü et al., 2012

Moganopterus zhuiana Lü et al. 2012 was erected as a member of the Boreopteridae, which was questioned by different researchers shortly after the publication. Although the new assignment to the Ctenochasmatidae is widely accepted by pterosaur researchers, some characteristics still require a detailed description. Here, the holotype of this taxon is restudied, and some ambiguous characteristics are re-identified. The diagnosis of this taxon has been revised as the following: a large ctenochasmatid pterosaur, which can be distinguished from other members of this clade by a single autapomorphy: an elongated rod-like parietal crest that extends posterodorsally, forming an angle of about 15° with the ventral margin of the skull. This taxon can be further distinguished from other ctenochasmatids on the basis of the following combination of characteristics: straight occlusal surfaces of the upper and low jaws; presence of a low premaxillary crest confined anterior to the nasoantorbital fenestra; rostrum about two thirds of the skull length; nasoantorbital fenestra occupying slightly more than 20% of the skull length; about 100 slender teeth; and a mid-cervical length/width ratio of about 7. The wingspan of M. zhuiana has been re-estimated according to a simple regression equation for wingspan versus skull length in ctenochasmatids. It confirms that M. zhuiana , although smaller than previous thought, is still the largest known ctenochasmatid. When comparing the sizes of ctenochasmatids in the Jurassic and Cretaceous, ctenochasmatids showed a rough tendency to increase their sizes.
Storm-time related mass density anomalies in the polar cap as observed by CHAMP

Strong and localized thermospheric mass den- sity events are observed in the polar cap region by the CHAMP satellites at about 400 km altitude during geomag- netic storms. During the 4 years considered (2002-2005) 29 storms with Dst< 100 nT occurred, in 90% of them polar cap density anomalies were detected. Based on the altogether 56 anomaly events a statistical analysis was performed. The anomalies are of medium scale (500-1500 km) and seem to have a short dwell-time (<1.5 h) in the polar cap. The rela- tive density enhancement is found to range around 2 in both hemispheres. The peak density is in the Northern Hemi- sphere by a factor of 1.4 larger than in the southern. Also the number of detected events in the north is twice as large as that in the south (37 vs. 19). Mass density anomalies in the polar cap occur under all interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) directions. Numerous strong anomalies have been detected in positive and negative IMF Bz conditions when the mag- netic field strength is above 5 nT. Rather few events occurred for small |Bz| (<5 nT) or for positive Bz combined with van- ishing By. Some of the density anomalies are accompanied by intensive small-scale field-aligned currents (FACs). But about as many show no relation to FACs. If FACs are present there, the current density is believed to be correlated with the strength of the IMF Bz. Although this paper concentrates on the presentation of the observations, we show for one event that the ion outflow mechanism could be responsible for the mass density anomalies in the polar cap.
Finite particle systems and infection models

Infinite particle systems on lattices have been extensively studied in recent years. The main questions of interest concern the ergodic and limiting behaviour of these processes, and their relationship with the dimension of the underlying lattice. A comprehensive review is given by Durrett(6). One of the more tractable of these processes is the voter model introduced by Clifford and Sudbury(3) and much studied since, see for example the monograph by Griffeath(8), or the papers by Harris(11), Holley and Liggett(13), Bramson and Griffeath(1) and (2) or, for a more general approach, Kelly(16). In this paper we consider the case where the underlying spatial structure is finite and examine the transient behaviour of the voter process and also the infection process introduced by Williams and Bjerknes(21).
Spin-glass behavior in a fine particle system

A study of the magnetic behavior characteristic of a spin-glass, which has been examined for systems of ultrafine particles, is reported. The results obtained support the suggestion of E. P. Wohlfarth (1977) that spin-glass effects could arise from the clustering of impurity spins in the host material into ferromagnetic rich clusters. All the results are explained on the basis of the Neel superparamagnetic (blocking) model. The results obtained show that the behavior of fine particle systems is similar to that of certain spin-glass alloys (e.g., Au/Fe alloys). This result supports the idea that spin-glass alloys can be interpreted on the basis of a blocking model. >
On the theory of generalized entropy solutions of the Cauchy problem for a class of non-strictly hyperbolic systems of conservation laws

Many-dimensional non-strictly hyperbolic systems of conservation laws with a radially degenerate flux function are considered. For such systems the set of entropies is defined and described, the concept of generalized entropy solution of the Cauchy problem is introduced, and the properties of generalized entropy solutions are studied. The class of strong generalized entropy solutions is distinguished, in which the Cauchy problem in question is uniquely soluble. A condition on the initial data is described that ensures that the generalized entropy solution is strong and therefore unique. Under this condition the convergence of the vanishing viscosity method is established. An example presented in the paper shows that a generalized entropy solution is not necessarily unique in the general case.
Global deuteron optical model potential for the energy range up to 183 MeV

Based on the existing experimental data of elastic scattering angular distributions and nonelastic cross sections (i.e., total reaction cross sections) for incident deuteron, by using the modified code APMN, we obtain a new optimal set of global deuteron optical potential parameters, which can fit (or reproduce) the experimental data very well for almost all target nuclei ranging from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ to $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ in the energy region below 183 MeV.
Inertial-range intermittency and accuracy of direct numerical simulation for turbulence and passive scalar turbulence

We examine the effects of the variation in dissipation-range resolution on the accuracy of inertial-range statistics and intermittency in terms of the direct numerical simulations of homogeneous turbulence and passive-scalar turbulence by changing the spatial resolution up to 20483 grid points while maintaining a constant Reynolds number at Rλ ≃ 180 or ≃ 420 and Schmidt number at Sc = 1. Although large fluctuations of the derivative fields depended strongly on Kmaxη and were underestimated when Kmaxη≃1, where Kmax is the maximum wavenumber in the computations and η is the mean Kolmogorov length, the behaviour of the spectra and the scaling exponents of the structure functions up to the eighth order in the range of scales greater than 10η was insensitive to variations in Kmaxη, even when Kmaxη≃1. The relationship between the spatial resolution and asymptotic tail of the probability density functions of the energy dissipation fields was studied using the multifractal model for dissipation, and the results were confirmed by comparison to the simulation data. Degradation of the statistics arises from modifications to the flow dynamics due to the finite wavenumber cutoff and the use of a coarser filter width for the data, which is obtained using a reasonable accuracy criterion for the flow dynamics. The effect of the former was less than that of the latter for the low-to-moderate-order statistics when Kmaxη≥1. We also discuss the universality of the inertial-range statistics with respect to variations in the dissipation-range characteristics.
A study of bright southern slowly pulsating B stars. II. The intrinsic frequencies

We present the results of detailed frequency analyses of a sample of thirteen confirmed slowly pulsating B stars. Our analysis is based on a combination of elaborate photometric and spectroscopic data-sets. The original sample consists of a mixture of five confirmed slowly pulsating B stars and twelve candidate slowly pulsating B stars discovered thanks to the photometric measurements of the HIPPARCOS satellite. HD 55522 and HD 131120 turn out to be chemically peculiar stars. HD 169978 and HD 69144 are two ellipsoidal variables for which no intrinsic variability is found. At least nine of the thirteen studied slowly pulsating B stars are multi-periodic. For HD 74195, HD 85953, HD 123515 and HD 215573, the observed fre- quency spacings suggest that we are dealing with frequency multiplets. For the apparent mono-periodic binary HD 24587, it is not clear if the observed variations are induced by stellar pulsation and/or by rotation modulation. We highlight the statistical character of the observed pulsational properties of our sample.
International Planetary Patrol Observations of Saturn's Rings.

New phase curves for Saturn's rings at an intermediate tilt angle B approx.17 /sup 0/ are presented. Quantitative results for each of the A and B rings are reported in terms of the opposition effect, phase coefficient, and best logarithmic fit to the phase curve. In each of the four colors, there is no significant difference between the shape of the phase curves for the two rings, as was also found in B and V by Franklin and Cook (1965). The shape of the green phase curves are well determined and consistent with earlier observations taken at a maximum tilt angle. A simple, four-parameter multiple scattering model of the rings (including the effect of mutual shadowing) is shown to be consistent with the observations. The derived parameters are also consistent with the detailed analyses of the phase curves at maximum tilt angle (Kawata and Irvine, 1975) and of the variation of brightness of the rings as a function of tilt angle (Esposito and Lumme, 1977). In this multiple scattering model, the difference in the phase curves for different colors can be explained by a variation in the single scattering albedo with wavelength. The observations allow the particles to have themore » same composition in both the A and B rings, so that their different photometric behavior is explained by differences in optical depth and volume density in the two rings. In conjunction with earlier studies, these results provide strong support for the classical model of the rings as a layer many particles thick. « less
Global Convergence of Subspace Correction Methods for Convex Optimization Problems

A general technique based on space decomposition and subspace correction is used to solve nonlinear convex minimization problems. The differential of the minimization functional is required to satisfy some growth conditions that are weaker than Lipschitz continuity and strong mono-tonicity. Optimal rate of convergence is proved. If the diierential is Lipschitz continuous and strongly monotone, then the algorithms have uniform rate of convergence. The algorithms can be used for domain decomposition and multigrid type of techniques. Applications to linear elliptic and some nonlinear degenerated partial diierential equation are considered.
Another Test of the Light Speed Invariance Postulate

In a paper in 1910 Tolman pointed out that the light speed invariance postulate of special relativity requires that the time for light to traverse a fixed distance between two points is independent of the movement of those points relative to the light source. The range equation of the GPS is used to directly test this proposition. This equation has been rigorously tested and verified in the Earth-Centred Inertial frame where light signals propagate in straight lines at constant speed c . The result is a simple demonstration of light speed anisotropy that is consistent with light speed variation detected in other experiments and inconsistent with the light speed invariance postulate.
Wind forcing in the equilibrium range of wind-wave spectra

A new analytical model is developed for the equilibrium range of the spectrum of wind-forced ocean surface gravity waves. We first show that the existing model of Phillips (1985) does not satisfy overall momentum conservation at high winds. This constraint is satisfied by applying recent understanding of the wind forcing of waves. Waves exert a drag on the air flow so that they support a fraction of the applied wind stress, which thus leaves a smaller turbulent stress near the surface to force growth of shorter wavelength waves. Formulation of the momentum budget accounting for this sheltering constrains the overall conservation of momentum and leads to a local turbulent stress that reduces as the wavenumber increases. This local turbulent stress then forces wind-induced wave growth. Following Phillips (1985), the wind sea is taken to be a superposition of linear waves, and equilibrium is maintained by a balance between the three sources and sinks of wave action. These assumptions lead to analytical formulae for the local turbulent stress and the degree of saturation, B(k), of waves in the equilibrium range. We identify a sheltering wavenumber, ks, over which the local turbulent stress is significantly reduced by longer waves. At low wavenumbers or at low winds, when k [Lt ] ks, the sheltering is weak and B(k) has a similar form to the model of Phillips (1985). At higher wavenumbers or at higher winds, ks, B(k) makes a transition to being proportional to k0. The additional constraint of conservation of momentum also yields a formula for the coefficient that appears in the solution for B(k). The spectra for mature seas are calculated from the model and are shown to agree with field observations. In particular, our model predicts more realistic spectral levels toward the high wavenumber limit compared to the previous model of Phillips (1985). We suggest that the model may explain the overshoot phenomena observed in the spectral energy levels as the fetch increases.
Host galaxy-active galactic nucleus alignments in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7

We determine the intrinsic shapes and orientations of 27450 types I and II active galactic nucleus (AGN) galaxies in the spectroscopic sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 by studying the distribution of projected axial ratios of AGN hosts. Our aim is to study possible alignments between the AGN and host galaxy systems (e. g. the accretion disc and the galaxy angular momentum) and the effect of dust obscuration geometry on the AGN type. We define control samples of non-AGN galaxies that mimic the morphology, colour, luminosity and concentration distributions of the AGN population, taking into account the effects of dust extinction and reddening. Assuming that AGN galaxies have the same underlying 3D shape distribution as their corresponding control samples, we find that the spiral and elliptical type I AGN populations are strongly skewed towards face-on galaxies, while elliptical and spiral type II AGN populations are skewed towards edge-on orientations. These findings rule out random orientations for AGN hosts at high confidence for type I spirals (delta chi(2) approximate to 230) and type II ellipticals (delta chi(2) approximate to 15), while the signal for type I ellipticals and type II spirals is weaker (delta chi(2) approximate to 3 and approximate to 6, respectively). We obtain a much stronger tendency for the type II spirals to be edge-on when just high [OIII] equivalent width (EW) AGN are considered, suggesting that > 20 per cent of low [OIII] EW edge-on type II AGN may be missing from the optical sample. Galactic dust absorption of the broad-line region alone cannot explain the observed inclination angle and projected axial ratio distributions of types I and II Seyfert galaxies, implying that obscuration by a small-scale circumnuclear torus is necessary. These results favour a scenario in which the angular momentum of the material which feeds the black hole retains a memory of its original gas source at least to some small, non-negligible degree.
Evaluating the Robustness of Graded Response Model and Classical Test Theory Parameter Estimates to Deviant Items

The authors examined the in.uence of deviant scale items (i.e., items failing to adequately assess the construct of interest) on item parameter estimates of focal scale items and person parameter estimates through a comparison of item response theory (IRT) and classical test theory (CTT) methods. The authors used monte carlo methods to fully explore results found in a pilot investigation of jobattitude data. They found that graded response model item discrimination parameter estimates were robust when the number of focal items was larger than the number of deviant items, when the focal items were more discriminating than the deviant items, and when the correlation between the focal and deviant items was positive. IRT discrimination estimates were typically more robust than CTT discrimination estimates. Under extremely unfavorable conditions, however, CTT estimates were more robust than the IRT estimates. For person parameter estimates, the robustness of estimates depended primarily on the correlation of the deviant items with the focal construct. Implications are discussed for researchers employing IRT or CTT methods in scale development.