Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abundance and distribution of transparent exopolymer particles in the estuarine turbidity maximum of Chesapeake Bay

Transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) concentrations were measured in the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) region of Chesapeake Bay during 8 research cruises over 2 yr. TEP concentrations ranged from 37 to 2820 μg xanthan gum equivalent l−1 and accounted for an estimated average (±SD) of 32 ± 16% of particulate organic carbon (POC). Spatially averaged TEP and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations were positively correlated over the 2 yr period, although these parameters were rarely correlated on a sample-to-sample basis. Maximum TEP concentrations were often spatially separated from chl a maxima, suggesting that TEP in ETM regions is controlled by formation, concentration, and transport processes rather than proximity to precursor source material. Significant correlations between TEP and phaeophytin a, POC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total suspended solids, and degree of stratification were observed during some sampling periods. Settling tube experiments revealed a positive correlation between TEP concentration and the fraction of settling particulate matter, indicating either enhanced local aggregation and settling or transport and accumulation of aggregates formed elsewhere in the ETM region. These results indicate that TEP constitutes a very large fraction of POC in ETM regions, and suggest that TEP contributes to the formation and maintenance of ETM.
Review of the Mackerel Genera Scomber and Rastrelliger with Description of a New Species of Rastrelliger

X Nocomis micropogon. Copeia 1940(4):270271. 1940b. Reproductive activities of a hybrid minnow, Notropis cornutus X Notropis rubellus. Zoologica 25(3):361-367. 1947. Nocomis nests used by other breeding cyprinid fishes in Virginia. Zoologica 32(3):125-132. 1957. Natural hybrids between two species of pickerel (Esox) in Stearns Pond, Massachusetts. Supplement, Fish. Rept. for some central, eastern, and western Massachusetts lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, 1951-52. (1955). Div. Fish and Game, Commonwealth of Mass. Pp. 1-15. RICKER, W. E. 1948. Hybrid sunfish for stocking small ponds. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 75: 84-96.
Growth dynamics of rubber tree clones in northwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar o comportamento e o crescimento de clones de seringueira ( Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. ) introduzidos na regiao noroeste do estado de Minas Gerais. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, constituido por 12 clones de seringueira, quatro repeticoes, avaliadas em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo: aos 62, 77, 87, 99, 113 e 128 meses apos o plantio. Foram avaliadas a sobrevivencia, a circunferencia e altura total da planta. A partir dessas informacoes, foram calculados o incremento corrente anual e o incremento medio anual da variavel circunferencia, e o numero de arvores aptas a sangria. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os clones GT 1, IAN 2880, IAC 15, RRIM 600, PB 235 e IAN 3156 apresentam potencial de estabelecimento as condicoes edafoclimaticas da regiao. O crescimento em altura e circunferencia ao longo do periodo de avaliacao evidencia que os clones de seringueira apresentam diferentes ritmos de crescimento na regiao de estudo. Os clones GT 1, IAN 3087, IAN 3156 e PR 255 foram os que apresentaram maior circunferencia de caule aos 128 meses, sendo o clone PR 255 o unico clone apto a sangria aos 128 meses de idade apos o plantio.
Effect of ethyl acetate and trap colour on weevil captures in red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pheromone traps

Trapping of adult red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier using food-baited pheromone traps is a major component of the integrated pest management strategy currently adopted against the RPW in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Field trials were carried out in RPW-infested date plantations of Al-Rahba, Abu Dhabi, UAE from January to December 2010 to ascertain the combined influence of ethyl acetate (EA) and trap colours on weevil captures in RPW pheromone traps. Weevil captures were recorded throughout the experimental period with a sex ratio (male:female) of 1:2.2 and capture rates of 25.13 and 15.14 weevils/trap/month in traps with and without EA, respectively. Furthermore, treatments with black-coloured traps recorded significantly higher weevil captures.
Assessment of Physical Properties and Stonecrop Growth in Green Roof Substrates Amended with Compost and Hydrogel

There is a lack of quantifiable data concerning physical analyses specific to shallow-depth green roof substrates and their effects on initial plant growth. Physical properties were determined for green roof substrates containing (by volume) 50%, 60%, or 70% heat-expanded coarse slate and 30% heat-expanded fine slate amended with 20%, 10%, or 0% landscape and greenhouse waste compost. Each substrate also was amended with hydrogel at 0, 0.75, 1.50, or 3.75 lb/yard. There were no differences in total porosity among substrates containing 0%, 10%, or 20% compost, although total porosity increased for all substrates amended with hydrogel at 3.75 lb/yard. Container capacity increased in substrates containing 3.75 lb/yard hydrogel, except for substrates containing 10% compost where hydrogel had no effect. Aeration porosity decreased when 10% or 20% compost was added to substrates. Determination of aeration porosity at an applied suction pressure of 6.3 kPa (AP-6.3 kPa), indicated that AP-6.3 kPa was higher in substrates containing 0% compost than substrates containing 20% compost. Shoot dry weight and coverage area measurements of ‘Weihenstephaner Gold’ stonecrop (Sedum floriferum) and ‘Summer Glory’ stonecrop (Sedum spurium) were determined 9 weeks after plug transplantation into substrates. Both stonecrop species responded similarly to substrate amendments. Initial plant growth was greater in substrate containing 20% compost and 3.75 lb/yard hydrogel than nonamended substrate resulting in 198% and 161% higher shoot dry weight and coverage area, respectively. Alkaline heat-expanded slate and acidic compost components affected initial pH of substrates, but there was less variation among final substrate pH values. We conclude that compost and/or hydrogel amendments affected physiochemical properties following incorporation into slatebased green roof substrates, resulting in greater initial plant growth, and that these amendments may have practical applications for improving growing conditions on green roofs.
Some beneficial Nutrient and mineral content of medlar fruits

In Hungary, there is a growing demand for consumption of natural foods like fruits and vegetables. To increase the variety of fruits, consumption of medlar may be an especially good solution by several ways. In our study we compared nutrient and macro and micro element contents in two medlar types. Dutch giant and Szentesi rose species had high potassium, calcium and magnesium content. Iron concentration was also high. In late autumn it can be a source of vitamin C as well. According to the results of our study it is worth rediscovering medlar. It is especially recommended for children and for adults with weakened immune system. Our test results underline the importance of nutritional physiology and especially draw attention to the nutritional aspects of domestic species, especially Szentesi rose.
MANAGEMENT OF PEST MOLE CRICKETS USING THE INSECT PARASITIC NEMATODE Steinernema scapterisci

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy MANAGEMENT OF PEST MOLE CRICKETS USING THE INSECT PARASITIC NEMATODE Steinernema scapterisci By Kathryn Ann Barbara May 2005 Chair: Eileen A. Buss Major Department: Entomology and Nematology Steinernema scapterisci Nguyen and Smart nematodes became established on two golf courses in Gainesville, FL, when applied as an augmentative application, and moved to untreated areas. It took about 4-8 wk post application for infection of mole crickets (Scapteriscus spp.) to equal or exceed pretreatment levels. Infection levels in untreated areas at least 80 m away from treated areas reached infection levels similar to the treated areas in approximately 20 wk post application. After a nematode application, mole crickets are frequently assayed to confirm nematode establishment. However, the standard soap flush was suspected of providing false negatives under field conditions. Thus, we examined the effect of several potential flushing solutions on the survival and infectivity of S. scapterisci as well as flushing ability under field conditions. Seventy percent of S. scapterisci died in the lemon dish detergent solution, confirming that assays for nematode infection of soap-flushed mole crickets are likely to be inaccurate. When sampling for mole crickets in areas where S.
Changes in Red Spruce Populations in Montane Forests of the Appalachians, 1982-1987

-A resurvey of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) along 10.4 km of transects showed that between 1982 and 1987 there was a substantial increase in the proportion of dead canopy-sized spruce at elevations between 650 and 1220 m at three sites in the Adirondack, Green and White mountains of the northeastern United States. Overall, the percent of dead canopy spruce (>10 cm dbh and >1.37 m tall) along the transects increased from 26.1% in 1982 to 36.7% in 1987. Most of the mortality at higher elevations (>900 m) appears to have resulted from the death of individuals that were severely declining in 1982. There was no change in dead spruce or crown vigor between 1982 and 1987 at four of the six southern Appalachian sites. A decrease in crown vigor was observed at Mt. Mitchell (N.C.) and Roan Mt. (Tenn.), at least some of which was associated with damage from a recent ice storm. INTRODUCTION A marked decrease in the basal area and density of live red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) occurred in high-elevation (>900 m) spruce-fir forests of the northeastern United States between the mid-1960s and the early 1980s (Siccama et al., 1982; Johnson and Siccama, 1983; Scott et al., 1984; Johnson and McLaughlin, 1986). This reduction in live trees was concentrated in three regions of the northern Appalachian Mountain chain: the Adirondacks, the Green Mountains and the White Mountains. There is no agreement on the causes of the mortality which has most often been called a "decline" because several factors such as air pollution, climatic events and secondary pathogens are probably involved. A survey of 11 mountains in 1982 showed that there was about 25% standing dead spruce and extensive crown dieback of live trees at elevations above 900 m at five sites in the northern Appalachians and Adirondacks (Johnson and McLaughlin, 1986). In 1982, there was little evidence of severe dieback (death of needles and twigs in the live crown) below 900 m in the northern Appalachians, and no evidence of dieback or decline of red spruce at the southern Appalachian sites. In 1987 we repeated the 1982 study following the same sampling design to monitor changes over time in the proportion of dead and declining spruce trees in the region. METHODS Five northern and six southern Appalachian sites were sampled in each survey (Fig. 1). All forest sites were considered multiaged stands (Johnson and McLaughlin, 1986). Three of the northern sites, Mt. Mansfield (Vt.), Mt. Washington (N.H.), and Whiteface Mountain (N.Y.) were intensively sampled. At these sites, a total of 56 transects, 100 m long and parallel to the topographic contours, were located on Eand W-facing slopes at 50-m altitudinal intervals. \ Elevations were chosen to cover the widest range of spruce importance: the lower elevational limit of the transects was 650 or 700 m depending on the presence of spruce in the forest; the upper limit was usually 1150 m, which is near the upper limit of
Effects of Varied Culturing and Experimental Temperature on Electrical Membrane Properties in Paramecium

Effects of temperature on the electrical properties of the Paramecium membrane were investigated under constant current and voltage-clamp stimulation. With cells cultured at 18°C, the resting potential was largely stable with experimental temperatures varied over the range of 10–25°C, whereas action potential amplitude and membrane input resistance were inversely related to temperature increases. During voltage clamp, the early calcium current was increased, the time-to-peak decreased, and the early conductance increased with temperature. Similar modifications of the culturing temperature did not affect the resting potential, input resistance and stimulus-response relationship of the action potential, but the early conductance was reduced with increase in temperature. Possible effects of long- and short-term temperature changes upon intraciliary calcium concentration are discussed.
Discrepancies between the 02 and `4C methods for measuring phytoplankton gross photosynthesis at low light levels

Primary production of phytoplankton in a eutrophic lake and of laboratory cultures of Selenastrum capricornutum was investigated using the 02 and `4C light and dark bottle techniques. The quotient Q (gross oxygen production divided by carbon fixation) ranged between 1.14 and 1.35 at light saturation, but at low light intensities it increased to values ranging from 2 to 8. This pattern is ascribed to underestimation of gross photosynthesis by `4C fixation rates due to reassimilation of respired C02, which is most important at low light levels. It is proposed to estimate gross photosynthesis from '4C fixation rates by adding the same value (e.g. 60% of dark respiration or 6% of maximal photosynthesis) at each light intensity down to the compensation point instead of using a constant multiplication factor.
Prevalence of brucellosis in livestock and incidences in humans in east Africa

Brucellosis is an emerging zoonotic disease that poses a threat to both livestock and public health in east Africa. There are several reports of occurrence of the disease in livestock populations especially in Tanzania and Kenya, suggesting chances of increased spread to humans, and the disease being misdiagnosed for malaria. The objective of this study was to determine brucellosis prevalence in livestock and incidence in humans among pastoralists and agro-pastoralists communities in some areas of Kenya and Tanzania. A total of 2349 ruminants were screened using different serological techniques, in the selected areas. Serum samples from the Southern Highlands Zone (SHZ), Northern zone (NZ) and Eastern Zone (EZ) were screened using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) antigen, and later positive samples were confirmed using competitive enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (c-ELISA). Results showed prevalence of 11.4% in the SHZ (n=799), 2.4% in the EZ (n=169) and 1% in the NZ (n= 408). Milk ring test was used to test milk samples from Migori, West Pokot and Mwingi, and the prevalences recorded in cattle were 17.9% (n=56) in 2012 and 11.7 (n=77) in 2014. Within the same period, West Pokot recorded prevalence of up to 21.9% (n=96) in cattle and 16.7% (n=6) in goats. Generally, Migori had lower prevalence in Kenya, but being the third lower in Tanzania and Kenya with the prevalence being 4.3% (n=70) in goats and 2.2% (n=45) in goats. Serum from cattle and goats were tested using compliment fixation test (CFT); showing 0.9% (n=212) prevalence in Migori. In West Pokot, the prevalence was 4.0% (n=101) in cattle, 20% (n=100) in goats and 13.8% (=29) in sheep; whereas in Mwingi prevalence was 4.75% (n=43) and 9.5% (n=21) in cattle and goats respectively. A total of 1,140 human cases were followed up in selected study areas where livestock samples were collected, and an overall incidence of 22.7% (n=1140) was confirmed. Selected areas in Tanzania had an incidence of 28.2% (n=578) and in Kenya 17.1% (n=562). Brucellosis is endemic in many areas of Tanzania and Kenya and pose a high risk to human health. Key Words: Agro-pastoral, pastoral, public health
Six new species of Paraleia Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae): amphinotic elements at the northern range of the Andes

Paraleia was originally described by Tonnoir for P. fulvescens, known from Australia. More recently, eleven Neotropicalspecies were added to the genus—nine of which are from Chile and southern Argentina, one from Bolivia, and one fromPeru. This distribution pattern is typical of many mycetophilid genera. Six new Neotropical species of Paraleia from theAndean Colombia and Ecuador are herein described. Male terminalia of P. bolivari sp. n. , P. denticulata sp. n. , P. fumosa sp. n. , and P. tonnoiri sp. n. , as well as female terminalia of P. bolivari sp. n. , P. denticulata sp. n. , P. fumosa sp. n. , P. nidorosa sp. n. , P. sharkeyi sp. n. , and Paraleia sp. are illustrated. High-resolution photos of wings for all species are presented. An identification key for world species of Paraleia is provided.
Barley Varieties, Enzyme Supplementation, and Broiler Performance

Abstract This study investigated the effect of adding the enzyme preparation ROXAZYME G to diets containing a high percentage (50%) of one of four local varieties of barley: Nomar, IPA-99, Aswad Two-row, Jezera Six-row. The results indicated that chicks fed diets containing ROXAZYME G were significantly (P
Interaction of the Dominant Pests and Natural Enemies in the Experimental Plots of the Intercropping Aromatic Plants in Pear Orchard

【Objective】 This paper was aimed to discuss the effects of intercropping aromatic plants on the interaction of the dominant pest and natural enemies in pear orchard. 【Method】 Intercropping Mentha haplocalyx(Briq.var.piperascens Malinvaud),Tagetes patula L. ,Ocimum basilicum L.and natural grass in pear orchard were taken as four treatments and clean tillage was as control.Based on the test for the composition and dynamic changes of the arthropod community in each treatments of pear orchard,the dominant pests and natural enemies groups in each intercropping plot were systematically studied by principal component analysis,niche theory and gray correlation degree theory. 【Result】 The results showed that the trend of the dynamic changes of the dominant pests individual number was similar with that of natural enemies in the different plots of pear orchard.In the annual growth cycle of pear tree the individual number of the dominant pests in the plots of intercropping aromatic plants was significantly less than that of clean tillage plots,but the individual number of the dominant natural enemies was opposite.Compared treatment plot with the control plots,the groups of the dominant pests and natural enemies which played a leading role were different,but relatively concentrated in some varieties of the arthropod community.The dominant pests and natural enemies in the plots of the intercropping aromatic plants had a wider breadth of temporal niche than that in the clean tillage plots,and the temporal niche of the dominant natural enemies was evidently wider than that of the dominant pests.In the meantime,intercropping the aromatic plants could increase the niche overlap index of the dominant natural enemies,such as ladybugs,syrphids and their pests.It showed better following performance and more effective control in interaction of the dominant natural enemies to the dominant pests.Further more by the gray correlation analysis we found that the same pests has different predators in different intercropping plots,so the relationship of the dominant pest and natural enemies in the aromatic plants intercropping plots appear in many relationships 【Conclusion】 Intercropping aromatic plants could play promotion role in reducing pest number,increasing natural enemy number and regulating the relationship between the dominant pests and natural enemies in pear orchard.
Lumbar disc disease with discogenic pain. What surgical treatment is most effective

The diagnosis and treatment of painful degenerative disc disease remains one of the most controversial topics in the spine literature. The debate continues as to whether surgical treatment should be attempted, and if so, which surgical approach is optimal. Surgical options include the following general types of spinal fusions : posterolateral (instrumented or noninstrumented), anterior lumbar interbody, posterior lumbar interbody, and transarticular facet joint screws. Dr. Nachemson continues to take his long-standing position that the diagnosis is unreliable and that the outcomes are inadequate to justify the risks and costs. Dr. Zdeblick believes that instrumented posterolateral spinal fusions can offer a high degree of success with an acceptably low rate of complications. Finally, Dr. O'Brien believes that the pain generator is anterior and that the treatment should be anterior discectomy and interbody fusion combined with posterior transarticular facet screw fusion.
Chemical Identification and Bioactivity of Rat (Rattus Rattus) Urinary Compounds

House rat urine was analyzed to identify the chemical compounds by gas chromatography-linked mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Male rat urine contained ethanol,2-(octylthio) (I), 1,3,5 triazone-2,4-diamine (II), and 1-chlorodecane (III). Similarly, female urine (during estrus) had the 3 compounds hydroperoxide (IV), 1-nitropentane (V), and 4-azidoheptane (VI). The bioactivity of these identified compounds were assayed using a Y-maze apparatus. Odor preference test revealed that the identified compounds show opposite-sex as well as same-sex attraction. Male urinary compounds such as ethanol,2-(octylthio) (I) and 1-chlorodecane (III) exhibited an attraction to the opposite sex, whereas the compound 1,3,5 triazone-2,4-diamine (II) was shown to attract the same sex. However, the compounds hydroperoxide and 4-azidoheptane were found to show maximum response in the attraction of the opposite sex. By contrast, the compound 1-nitropentane attracted both sexes, with a maximum response to the opposite sex. The results indicate that the compounds identified in the male urine are sex specific. The present investigations also show that rat urine contains a mixture of volatile compounds whose bioactivities differ from compound to compound.
Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. (white turmeric): a review of its chemical, pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties

Objectives Curcuma zedoaria Rosc is a perennial herb found in tropical countries, such as India, Japan and Thailand. Various parts of this plant are used in Ayurveda and other folk medicines for the treatment of different ailments such as diarrhoea, cancer, flatulence and dyspepsia. This study is an attempt to compile an up‐to‐date and comprehensive review of C. zedoaria that covers its traditional and folk medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology.
Processing goals, task interest, and the mood–performance relationship: A mediational analysis.

The authors examined the role of intrinsic interest in mediating the relationship among mood, processing goals, and task performance. Participants in induced happy, neutral, or sad moods generated similarities and differences between TV shows using performance-based, enjoyment-based, or no stop rule (cf. L.L. Martin, D.W. Ward, J.W. Achee, & R.S. Wyer, 1993). Pretask interest and both quantitative (time spent, number generated) and qualitative (creativity) performance were assessed. Happy participants spent more time and generated more items than other participants when using an enjoyment-based stop rule but spent less time and generated fewer items when using a performance-based stop rule. Happy participants also expressed greater pretask interest and were more creative than other participants regardless of stop rule. Regression-based path analyses indicated that pretask interest partially mediated the effects of mood on quantitative performance but not on creativity.