Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOME CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY OF

Summary. 1 deals with the statistical regularity properties of a denum- erable number of particles, all moving about the states of a Markov chain according to the same transition probabilities. 2 deals with the problem of obtaining a sharper version of a strong limit theorem proved independently by Harris and Levy. Introduction. We shall be concerned throughout with a sequence of ran- dom variables { X, I}, n = 0, 1, * , which assume only integer values(2) and which have the property that Pr { Xm+n = j I Xm = i, Xm_i, * * XO} = Pr {Xn+n =j I Xm = i} = Pr {Xn I = j iXO for all integers m, n _ 0 and all states i and j for which the conditional proba- bility is defined. The distribution of XO will be fixed but arbitrary. Sequences of this type are known as Markov chains with denumerable states and sta- tionary transition probabilities. The fundamentals of the theory of such chains were laid down by Kolmogorov (14). Chung (2) and Feller (10) have also given expositions of the main results of the theory. In the remainder of the introduction we shall state, without proof, those results from the general theory which we shall need later on. Also, as much as possible, we shall assign the notation which will be used throughout the remainder of the paper. The probability given above is called the nth step transition probability which we shall denote by p(). If given a matrix
Multicolor Optical Imaging of Infrared-Warm Seyfert Galaxies. III. Surface Photometry: Light Profile Decomposition

This paper is the third in a series studying the optical properties of a sample of mid-infrared warm Seyfert galaxies and a control sample of mid-infrared cold galaxies. This paper is devoted to the analysis of the radial light distributions characterizing the galaxies outside their central 2 kpc. The light profiles are decomposed in inner and outer components using two generalized exponentials. Each component is characterized by a profile shape, a central surface brightness, and a scale length. We find that the warm Seyfert 1 galaxies tend to lie in earlier-type hosts with more centrally concentrated light profiles as compared with the warm Seyfert 2 galaxies: the Seyfert 1 and 2 bulges have similar shapes, but the former are characterized by larger central surface brightness and smaller scale length. The cold galaxies are disk-dominated systems with complex morphologies. All these differences are confirmed at statistical significance levels better than 95%. The three parameters characterizing the bulge component correlate with each other for all samples within a limited range of bulge luminosities. The disk structural parameters span similar ranges (with large scatter) for both warm and cold samples. The parametrization of light profiles, as described in this paper, shows that the warm Seyfert 1, Seyfert 2, and cold samples occupy different loci in parameter space, clearly suggesting intrinsic differences between their host galaxy populations. This conclusion will be reinforced in two forthcoming papers, in which we will explore the color distributions and the interaction characteristics of our samples.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE DISCLOSURE QUALITY ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT OF LISTED CONGLOMERATES IN NIGERIA

The study was conducted to examine the influence of corporate disclosure on earnings management of listed Conglomerates in Nigeria. The panel data collected was analysed using multiple regression model. However, the findings revealed that the explanatory variables such as liquidity, leverage, and age of firms are significant to minimizing earnings management of listed Conglomerates firms in Nigeria. Finally, the study recommended that the listed Conglomerates firms should increase their leverage levels, which apart from enjoying the benefits of debt financing such as tax shield, provides an incentive to corporate disclosure quality, among others.
The adoption of the first online teaching and learning in the Ethiopian postgraduate classes during COVID-19: From public university instructors’ perspectives in the Amhara Region

Abstract Online teaching and learning focus on the dissemination of knowledge and information to students who reside in different geographical locations. After the COVID-19 pandemic, online teaching and learning became a popular strategy in all higher learning institutions around the world to continue the interrupted teaching and learning process while keeping physical distance. There is, as yet, a dearth of research on the adoption of online teaching and learning in postgraduate classes in Ethiopia. This study aimed to explore the adoption of the first online teaching and learning in Ethiopian post-graduate classes during COVID-19 at public universities in the Amhara Region. To do this, a descriptive survey design with a mixed research approach was employed, and data were collected through online classroom observation, questionnaires and interviews. In doing so, 283 instructors participated in the study through comprehensive sampling from three public universities in the quantitative phase and 15 instructors, serving as members of the Academic Council, were selected purposively in the qualitative phase. Combined data analysis revealed the existence of online teaching and learning practices with differences in adoption. Universities in Amhara Region should give attention to instructors’ online teaching and learning practices in postgraduate programs.
Developments In Smooth Wall Turbulent Duct Flows

An experimental investigation into the fully developed, turbulent flow in circular pipes and high aspect ratio rectangular ducts (channels) was undertaken. A review of the literature revealed that there is a need for more accurate duct flow measurements, despite the large number of studies already completed. Thus, a new, high quality channel flow apparatus has been carefully designed and constructed. For the fully developed flow, all measureable turbulence statistics at the centre of the channel are presented. Measurements are recorded using hot-wire and pitot tube anemometry, with an insistence on the highest accuracy. All results are analysed with the intention of providing a better physical understanding of turbulent flows. An existing pipe flow apparatus — most recently employed by Henbest (1983) — is used to check the applicability of common pitot corrections by comparison with hotwire data. It is found that applying the MacMillan (1956) and turbulence intensity corrections gives good agreement between measurements. Velocity profiles measured at the centre of the channel display the expected logarithmic scaling. These also highlight a significant difference between pipe and channel flow velocity profiles; that is, pipe flow has a much larger wake. This observation has been observed, but not explained in the literature. It was postulated that the difference is due to an increased number of eddies contributing to the outer flow in the pipe. Evidence supporting this claim is found from the attached eddy hypothesis. Recent literature has provided predictions of the turbulence intensities in boundary layers, based on the attached eddy hypothesis. These predictions are compared and extended to channel flow measurements for the first time. In the analysis of flow structure, the auto-correlation of streamwise velocity fluctuations is an often neglected statistic. It is shown here that channel flow auto-correlation measurements
Asthma-COPD Overlap in Clinical Practice (ACO_CP 2023): Toward Precision Medicine

Asthma and COPD have characteristic symptoms, yet patients with both are prevalent. Despite this, there is currently no globally accepted definition for the overlap between asthma and COPD, commonly referred to as asthma–COPD overlap (ACO). Generally, ACO is not considered a distinct disease or symptom from either clinical or mechanistic perspectives. However, identifying patients who present with both conditions is crucial for guiding clinical therapy. Similar to asthma and COPD, ACO patients are heterogeneous and presumably have multiple underlying disease processes. The variability of ACO patients led to the establishment of multiple definitions describing the condition’s essential clinical, physiological, and molecular characteristics. ACO comprises numerous phenotypes, which affects the optimal medication choice and can serve as a predictor of disease prognosis. Various phenotypes of ACO have been suggested based on host factors including but not limited to demographics, symptoms, spirometric findings, smoking history, and underlying airway inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive clinical guide for ACO patients to be used in clinical practice based on the available limited data. Future longitudinal studies must evaluate the stability of ACO phenotypes over time and explore their predictive powers to facilitate a more precise and effective management approach.
A LARGE-SCALE STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF SOLAR FLARES OVER THREE SOLAR CYCLES FROM GOES X-RAY OBSERVATIONS

Solar flares are thought to result from magnetic reconnection in active regions, which accelerate particles to hundreds of MeV and heat the solar atmosphere to millions of degrees K. In order to understand the energetics of solar flares, it is necessary to accurately determine their physical properties, such as temperature (T) and emission measure (EM). To date, GOES XRS observations have been used to measure these properties, but these measurements have been limited by the lack of a widely accepted background subtraction method. Furthermore, this has restricted the sample size of previous solar flare studies. In this paper, the background subtraction method of Bornmann (1990) has been modified and applied to over 60,000 solar flares occurring between 1980 January 1 and 2007 December 31. The resulting data were used to investigate the statistical relationships between GOES X-ray flare class, peak temperature, peak emission measure, and total radiative energy losses. The background subtraction method presented here was found to preserve the expected evolution of temperature and emission measure in solar flares. Using this method, it was found that that for a given GOES class, flares statistically have lower peak temperatures and higher peak emission measures than previous studies have suggested. Additionally, it was found that total radiative energy losses scale with GOES class. This implies that less energetic flares do not radiate their energy at a proportionately higher rate than larger flares and that the nature of energy release in different flares is physically comparable.
Residue Integrals and their Mellin Transforms

Abstract Given an almost arbitrary holomorphic map we study the structure of the associated residue integral and its Mellin transform, and the relation between these two objects. More precisely, we relate the limit behaviour of the residue integral to the polar structure of the Mellin transform. We consider also ideals connected to nonisolated singularities.
Compact Model of a Bulk FinFET Quantum Dot Toward Single Chip Integration of Qubits and Control Electronics for Quantum Computing Applications

In this work, we thoroughly investigate the drain current oscillations induced by quantum confinement in short channel bulk FinFETs, while operating in coulomb blockade (CB) regime at cryogenic temperature. Various device geometries and layouts of narrow fin-based FinFETs are analyzed experimentally to comprehend the development of quantum dots (QDs). The results demonstrate that the size of QD in the channel is crucial in defining the sensitivity of confinement-related parameters to modifications in device design. To capture the gate and drain bias dependence associated with drain current oscillations in CB regime, we have proposed analytical equations to augment the existing BSIM-CMG compact model. Model-hardware correlation is also presented for n- and p-type bulk FinFETs with different device geometries. The proposed model marks the initial steps toward developing a unified compact model that accurately captures both: the classical behavior of bulk FinFETs and its QD-based tunneling behavior at cryogenic temperatures.
Check Crisis Information on Twitter: Information Flow and Crisis Communication Patterns of Hurricane Ida

ABSTRACT This study maps the online information flow of crisis communication during Hurricane Ida and identifies the top 20 Twitter influencers based on their betweenness centrality. Inspired by media dependency theory, this study explores major crisis information resources by analyzing the top 10 domains in the information network of Hurricane Ida. The findings suggest that news media remain the major information resource of social media users. Social media and news media tend to exchange crisis information. By analyzing the content of the top 10 URLs, the authors discover that most crisis contents focus on the New York City flood, death tolls of Hurricane Ida, evacuation failures, political critiques, and rescue efforts. Theoretical insights into mapping online crisis information flow, exploring media dependency during a crisis, and unpacking crisis communication patterns are offered. Practical implications for organizations to monitor crisis information flow, increase online influence, and promptly address concerns are discussed.
Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of ice-forming nuclei : A review

Abstract To develop theories and numerical models of the formation and microstructure of clouds and precipitation, it is necessary to identify the potential sources of ice nuclei in the atmosphere. However, the subject remains an area of debate. According to the most accepted theory, the great majority of atmospheric ice nuclei constitute soil mineral particles. But some evidence appears to favor the hypothesis of a nonnegligible contribution to the population of effective ice nuclei made by biogenic material, living or dead. Moreover, some specific human activities have been identified as prolific sources of particles on which ice crystals can be generated. In contrast, it has also been suggested that some anthropogenic effluents deactivate nuclei naturally occurring in the atmosphere. This paper summarizes present knowledge about the biogenic and anthropogenic sources of atmospheric ice nuclei. Recent research reveals an increasingly greater variety of sources and activities of ice nuclei. However intri.
IMPLICATION OF TRICLOSAN AS AN ANTI-CYTOKINE DRUG IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS.

Dr Satya Gupta 1 , Dr.Vivek Govila 2 , Dr.Vandana A. Pant 3 , Dr.Sarita Agarwal 4 , Dr.Srinivasan Muthuswami 5 . 1. Post-Graduate student/ Junior Resident III, Dept. of periodontics, BBD College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India. 2. Professor, Dept. of periodontics, BBD College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India. 3. Professor, Dept. of periodontics, BBD College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India. 4. Professor, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. 5. Senior Resident, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
Deep learning for the analysis of x-ray scattering data from high aspect ratio structures

In recent years, Deep Learning (DL) algorithms employing artificial neural networks (NN) have been shown to be a powerful tool for the classification and quantification of images including intensity data from various x-ray scattering techniques. These algorithms generally require massive, labeled datasets for training and validating the NNs. Such datasets can be extremely difficult to obtain from measurements for several reasons. The size of the dataset is limited by the variation in available samples and the time available to measure the samples. The labels are limited by both the number and quality of available reference measurements. In this work we will discuss the use of DL for the analysis of critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering (CD-SAXS) data from high-aspect ratio (HAR) structures encountered in 3D NAND and DRAM memories. We have developed a novel solution for the automatic generation and labeling of large synthetic datasets using “realistic simulations” of the x-ray scattering data. Our solution includes instrumental artifacts such as background scattering and Poisson noise normally found in real x-ray images. Additionally, we have included structural variations based on parameters obtained from limited reference data, e.g., cross-section SEM images, which are critical to prevent overfitting of the DL model and improve the accuracy of the analysis. The realistic simulations are generated automatically using the NanoDiffract for XCD (NDX) software. The synthetic data are then used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) that can be deployed and used for real-time inference. We demonstrate this approach by evaluating single-shot alignment and tilt of HAR memory hole structures. The CNN was validated with experimental data collected and analyzed using a Sirius-XCD® tool. Validation with reference data from production quality wafers resulted in an R2 > 0.95 and precision 3σ < 0.02 degree with a significant reduction in measurement time per site.
Engineering Students’ Writing Perceptions Impact Their Conceptual Learning

Background: Technical writing is a critical professional skill for engineers, but engineering students often perceive writing as less important. Literature review: Research suggests feedback, revision, and reflective writing support conceptual learning. However, just as student beliefs about intelligence impact engagement and learning outcomes, beliefs about writing may likewise affect how valuable writing is to learning. Research questions: 1. Do student beliefs—expressed in reflections—depict writing as a learning process or as a deterministic artifact? 2. To what extent do these expressed beliefs explain variance in their conceptual learning in a chemical engineering laboratory course? Research methodology: A design-based research study was conducted in three semesters of an upper division chemical engineering laboratory course to jointly study the use of feedback, revision, and reflection, and to develop contextualized theory about the relationships between these and students’ conceptual learning. Students’ writing was analyzed qualitatively. Regression modelling explained variance in scores of students’ conceptual understanding. Results: We found that students who elaborated on errors and corrections scored significantly lower on conceptual understanding in their final submission, while students who described writing as an ongoing process scored significantly higher on conceptual understanding in their final reports. We found a similar trend for students who completed a second cycle, and especially that a focus on perfecting a written artifact corresponded to lesser gains. Conclusions: Our findings lend support for assisting engineering students to approach writing as a developmental and learning process and for engaging them in multiple rounds of feedback, revision, and reflection across their programs of study.
Design, development, and analysis of the lower body of next-generation 3D-printed humanoid research platform: PANDORA

Abstract The main contribution of this paper is the design and development of the lower body of PANDORA (3D-Printed Autonomous humaNoid Developed for Open-source Research Applications), a new humanoid robotic platform implementing additive manufacturing techniques. The three joint configurations (hip, knee, and ankle) along with the major three structural parts (pelvis, thigh, and shin) of the lower body are discussed. The use of 3D printing and PLA+ material makes the robot an affordable solution for humanoid robotics research that gives a high power-to-weight ratio by significantly reducing the number of parts, as well as manufacturing and assembly time. The range of motion of the lower body of PANDORA has been investigated and is found to be comparable to a human lower body. Further, finite element analysis has been performed on the major parts of the lower body of PANDORA to check the structural integrity and to avoid catastrophic failures in the robot. The use of in-house developed actuators and robot electronics reduces the overall cost of the robot and makes PANDORA easily accessible to the research communities working in the field of humanoids. Overall, PANDORA has the potential for becoming popular between researchers and designers for investigating applications in the field of humanoid robotics, healthcare, and manufacturing, just to mention a few. The mechanical designs presented in this work are available open source to lower the knowledge barrier in developing and conducting research on bipedal robots.
Level of Satisfaction Towards Healthcare Services in Patients Attending Psychiatry Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

Background: Patients’ satisfaction with healthcare services contributes to their compliance with the treatment and thus impacts their health. Therefore, patient satisfaction is increasingly being used as an indicator of health system performance in a country. Though several studies have been reported from different parts of India, most did not include psychiatric patients. This study assessed the level of satisfaction of psychiatric outpatients and its association with socio-demographic, hospital-related, and treatment-related variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 152 patients attending psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. Treatment-related satisfaction was measured using the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction (SAPS) scale, and variables not related to treatment were assessed using Likert scales. Results: Most participants were satisfied with the overall cleanliness of the hospital (82.9%), the useable condition of toilets (73%), and waiting time in the OPD ticket counter, doctor’s room, and pharmacy. More than 80% were pleased with the OPD staff’s behavior and working efficiency. In the seven dimensions of the SAPS scale, satisfaction level was variable. Overall satisfaction with the care received in the hospital was 60.5%. Conclusions: The level of patient satisfaction is good in psychiatry OPD services of our hospital, and it depends on treatment-independent variables also. So, liaison between the medical- and non-medical-management teams is crucial to augment patient satisfaction.