Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Choice of Public Vs Private Healthcare Institutions for Delivery and Postnatal Care-A Study in a Rural District of Pakistan

Maternal health is one of the most critical public health challenges in many developing countries availability of comprehensive maternal healthcare services by skilled health professionals can improve the quality of maternal health outcomes. In Pakistan, the rate of institutional delivery is lower than many other developing countries and a significant proportion of mothers seek maternal healthcare in the private health sector. There are many factors associated with utilization of maternal healthcare services including both supply side and demand side factors. The objective of this paper is to identify significant socio-economic factors affecting utilization of delivery and postnatal services in public and private healthcare facilities in district Rajanpur, Pakistan. Using multi-stage random sampling technique, 368 mothers who delivered within 6 months prior to data collection in selected basic health unit (BHU) areas were selected. Multivariate binary logistic regression was applied on primary data collected from Rajanpur district during 1st November, 2020 – 31st January, 2021. The results indicated that the household’s preference for private healthcare sector for delivery and postnatal care increases with increase in households’ education and incomes. It also showed that accessibility to healthcare facilities is significant in utilization of maternal healthcare services. Distance to healthcare facilities, cost of transport and out-of-pocket expenditure are significantly affecting the choice of healthcare institutions.
Sexual Intimate Partner Violence: Effects of Prejudice toward Bisexual and Gay Men on Victim Blame

Abstract Bisexual men are one of the least studied populations within the sexual intimate partner violence (SIPV) literature, despite the prevalence of SIPV being equivalent between bisexual and gay men, and greater in bisexual than heterosexual men. Consequently, it remains unclear as to what factors contribute to SIPV–related victim blame toward bisexual men. The current study utilized a mixed–methods design to investigate prejudiced attitudes toward bisexual and gay men as predictors of victim blame in the context of SIPV. Participants (N = 124) were randomly assigned to read a vignette wherein a bisexual or gay man disclosed an experience of SIPV. Participants then completed measures of victim blame and prejudiced attitudes toward bisexual or gay men. As a means of contextualizing the quantitative analyses, participants also completed a qualitative stereotype task. Results indicated that prejudiced attitudes toward both bisexual and gay men predicted victim blame, and that victim blame attributions toward bisexual and gay men did not differ. Qualitative findings indicated that there was overlap between the stereotypes attributed to bisexual and gay men, which may explain the lack of difference in victim blame toward the two groups. These results implicate prejudice reduction and controlled stereotype processing strategies as a means of reducing victim blame attributions toward sexual minority men.
Recent Research On Yarn Hairiness Testing And Reduction Part 1: Hairiness Testing

The importance of staple yam hairiness as a key factor affecting the properties of yams and fabrics is well known. Accurate measurement of yam hairiness is essential for quality control. This series of papers reports findings of the author's most recent studies on the subject of yam hairiness. In Part 1, the fallacy of hairiness testing using commercial hairiness meters is examined, with particular reference to the effect of testing speed on yam hairiness results. In Part 2, several novel ways of reducing yam hairiness are described.
Folic Acid Supplementation Diminishes Diabetes Induced Neural Tube Defects by Recovering Impaired Embryo Gene Expression Through Its Antioxidant Activity

Aimes: This study aimed to determine whether folic acid supplementation could decrease the neural tube defects (NTDs) in embryos caused by hyperglycemia and the mechanism is associated with its antioxidative activity. Study Design: Diabetic pregnancy model were made and folic acid, Vitamin E and control were given to mice. Then the neural tube defects rate, oxidative stress markers and embryos size were measured and were analyzed. Methodology: We injected folic acid to diabetic mice to score NTDs rate, measured embryos size, assayed ROS scavenging enzymes and Pax3 expression and oxidative stress marker including malondiadehyde and H2O2 as well as the vitamin E controls. Results: Injection of folic acid during gestation could diminish neural tube defect rate of diabetic mice and recover the Pax3 expression inhibition which is similar to vitamin E, but no effect was observed on nondiabetic mice. Folic acid supplementation also normalized the embryos size, decreased oxidative stress level including malondiadehyde and H2O2 in diabetic mice and decreased the intracellular ROS of embryonic cells on day 8.5 induced by high glucose incubation in a dose-dependent manner. No effects were observed on ROS scavenging enzymes activity by folic acid supplementation. Conclusion: Overall, the conclusion is that folic acid supplementation could diminish NTDs induced by hyperglycemia, the mechanism is associated with its antioxidant activity which can reduce the oxidative stress and recover the inhibition of Pax3 expression.
Jackfruit leaves can totally replace traditional grass in the diet of lactating dairy goats

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing jackfruit leaves (JF) for Para grass (PG) on intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, ruminal fermentation, milk yield and composition in lactating goats. Four crossbred Saanen lactating goats in mid-lactation and milking 1676 ± 112 g/day were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. A basal diet consisted of concentrate and PG (C:F 40:60). Treatments were dietary replacement of JL for PG at ratios of 0, 50, 75 and 100% corresponding to JL0, JL50, JL75 and JL100 diets, respectively. Feeding JL increased linearly (P < 0.01) DM intake, but decreased linearly (P < 0.05) nutrient digestibility. A linear increase in fecal N (P < 0.01) and N retention (P = 0.04), but a linear decrease in urinary N (P = 0.03) was detected when increased the JL in the diets. Total VFA concentration increased quadratically (P = 0.04), and the highest value was observed in JL75 compared with JL0 (85.9 vs. 72.8 mM). Milk production increased linearly (P = 0.03), but no change was observed in milk composition and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Overall, combined data suggest that the substitution of JL for PG in lactating goat diets is effective in the improvement of nutrient intake, N retention, ruminal VFA concentration and milk yield without affecting milk composition and BUN.
Domain-General Cognitive Skills in Children with Mathematical Difficulties and Dyscalculia: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Mathematical performance implies a series of numerical and mathematical skills (both innate and derived from formal training) as well as certain general cognitive abilities that, if inadequate, can have a cascading effect on mathematics learning. These latter skills were the focus of the present systematic review. Method: The reviewing process was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. We included 46 studies comparing school-aged children’s performance with and without math difficulties in the following cognitive domains: processing speed, phonological awareness, short- and long-term memory, executive functions, and attention. Results: The results showed that some general cognitive domains were compromised in children with mathematical difficulties (i.e., executive functions, attention, and processing speed). Conclusions: These cognitive functions should be evaluated during the diagnostic process in order to better understand the child’s profile and propose individually tailored interventions. However, further studies should investigate the role of skills that have been poorly investigated to date (e.g., long-term memory and phonological awareness).
The effects of organizational diversity perception on affective commitment

ABSTRACT The Korean government introduced the “Balanced Public Personnel Policy” in the mid-1990s. Since then, diversity in the public sector has increased dramatically. However, studies examining the effect of diversity on organisation are scant. To fill the research gap, this study analysed the effects of organisational diversity using a sample of 778 employees from 35 Korean state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The study measured social category diversity, informational diversity, and value diversity and analysed their impacts on conflict and affective commitment. The results show that (1) social category diversity decreased conflict and increased affective commitment, (2) informational diversity did not have a statistically significant impact on conflict and affective commitment, (3) value diversity increased conflict and decreased affective commitment, and (4) conflict had a mediating effect on the relationship between value diversity and affective commitment. This study shows that organizational diversity affects affective commitment and that different types of diversity have different outcomes.
Falling through the Cracks: Metadata Inadequacies in Rock Climbing Research

Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze and assess existing controlled vocabularies for rock climbing-related scholarship compared to climbing definitions and rating systems, improve metadata in the J. Willard Marriott Library Digital Library collections, and propose solutions to more accurately describe these materials. The project took a multifaceted approach to review climbing metadata across a variety of information formats, including scholarly research literature and audiovisual media. First, the subject headings were aligned to the Yosemite Decimal System (YDS), a rating system used by climbers to distinguish between hiking, scrambling, and easy-to-difficult climbing. A corpora of climbing-related scholarly research articles’ from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and SportDiscus was created and analyzed for the frequency and accuracy of outdoor recreation subject headings compared to YDS definitions. Locally, the Digital Library collections were reviewed and analyzed with the YDS. Over a hundred of images depicting climbing related sports were updated with correct metadata during the remediation process. Nationally, multiple help tickets were submitted to suggest changes to existing controlled vocabularies and an openly accessible website with best practices was created. The Climbing Metadata website aims to educate non-climber metadata practitioners about accurate terminology, which will improve the discovery of climbing scholarship and materials.
Myelin-Weighted Imaging Presents Reduced Apparent Myelin Water in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate myelin loss in both AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with a new myelin water mapping technique within reasonable scan time and evaluate the clinical relevance of the apparent myelin water fraction (MWF) values by assessing the relationship between decreases in myelin water and the degree of memory decline or aging. Twenty-nine individuals were assigned to the cognitively normal (CN) elderly group, 32 participants were assigned to the MCI group, and 31 patients were assigned to the AD group. A 3D visualization of the short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa)-gradient and spin-echo (GraSE) sequence was developed to map apparent MWF. Then, the MWF values were compared between the three participant groups and was evaluated the relationship with the degree of memory loss. The AD group showed a reduced apparent MWF compared to the CN and MCI groups. The largest AUC (area under the curve) value was in the corpus callosum and used to classify the CN and AD groups using the apparent MWF. The ViSTa-GraSE sequence can be a useful tool to map the MWF in a reasonable scan time. Combining the MWF in the corpus callosum with the detection of atrophy in the hippocampus can be valuable for group classification.
Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Various Coping Strategies Used by Students in South India

Premenstrual syndrome is a cyclic phenomenon of somatic and effective symptoms occurs during their secretory phase of each menstrual cycle. These symptoms are of unknown aetiology and are not related to any organic lesions in the pelvic cavity. Although, the condition is not life-threatening, it can seriously decrease the quality of life of many women affecting mental health and their productivity. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and to identify its interfered factors and coping behaviors among the college students of South India. A questionnaire-based online survey was conducted for six months among the college students of South India. A total of 225 samples were collected by preparing and distributing the questionnaire forms and the assessment was done based on the Diagnostic Criteria published by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was found to be 40%. The most experienced somatic symptom was angry outbursts (50.7%), and the effective symptom was found to be joint and muscle pain (50%). About 39% of the participants had experienced significant negative associations with their educational activities. Lying down using a pillow (53.8%) and drinking hot/cold drinks (37.8%) were the most commonly used coping strategies. Educational sessions and seminars should be conducted to promote awareness among young women to follow proper coping measures to overcome premenstrual syndrome and to incorporate slight changes in lifestyle, diet modification, and physical activities to decrease the prevalence of PMS.
A Synthesis of EFL Research in Chilean High Schools: Research Shortage or Research Opportunities?

This article is a configurative literature review that aims to synthesize available research on English as a foreign language education, undertaken specifically in Chilean high-school settings. Drawing on a pre-COVID-19 research corpus, I identified a limited number of concordant accounts (n = 23) published during the last decade. I used a critical interpretive synthesis methodology which yielded three research fields ranging from didactics to socio-structural problematics. The synthesis shows that the research addresses curricular aspects devoid of socio-political and historical contexts, emphasizing primarily teachers’ teaching tensions and challenges. Finally, I discuss the English as a foreign language research limitations and implications for the Chilean context, for which I suggest some innovations to broaden future inquiry critically.
Design of maximum thrust nozzle contours by direct optimization methods

A PROCEDURE for the design of maximum thrust nozzle contours by direct optimization methods is presented. The nozzle contour is a second-degree polynomial having a fixed initial expansion contour. The coefficients of the polynomial are varied by direct optimization methods to determine the maximum thrust contour. Three direct optimization methods are considered: multidimensional line search, the method of steepest descent, and Newton's method. Results are presented to illustrate the behavior of the direct optimization methods, and to demonstrate that second-degree polynomial contours yield thrusts comparable to the thrusts developed by nozzle contours determined by calculus of variations methods.
Neurodynamic Programming and Tracking Control for Nonlinear Stochastic Systems by PI Algorithm

In this paper, for nonlinear stochastic systems, the optimal tracking control problem (OTCP) is solved by adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) techniques. Firstly, the complex OTCP is transformed into a stable control optimization problem by reconstructing a new stochastic augmented system. Then, simplifying the actor-critic architecture and reducing the computational load, critic neural networks (NNs) is used in iterative learning. And by using Lyapunov method, the ultimate uniform boundedness (UUB) of the tracking system is proved. To be precise, no literature has been published on the OTCP for nonlinear Itô type stochastic systems via the ADP method. This work is the first attempt in this field. Finally, in simulation, the method is applied to sinusoidal waveform and periodic rectangular step signal, and even unbounded exponential waveform.
Environmental Enrichment for Rats and Mice Housed in Laboratories: A Metareview

Simple Summary Environmental enrichment has been widely studied with laboratory rodents, but there is no consensus regarding what counts as enrichment or what it should achieve. Inconsistent use of the term “enrichment” creates challenges in drawing conclusions about the quality of an environment. We conducted a metareview to better understand the definitions and goals of enrichment, perceived risks or requirements of enrichment, and what forms of enrichment have previously been endorsed for use with rodents housed in laboratories. This may help researchers and animal care staff to better define their chosen approach and intended outcomes when providing environmental enrichment. Abstract Environmental enrichment has been widely studied in rodents, but there is no consensus on what enrichment should look like or what it should achieve. Inconsistent use of the term “enrichment” creates challenges in drawing conclusions about the quality of an environment, which may slow housing improvements for laboratory animals. Many review articles have addressed environmental enrichment for laboratory rats and mice (Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus). We conducted a metareview of 29 review articles to assess how enrichment has been defined and what are commonly described as its goals or requirements. Recommendations from each article were summarised to illustrate the conditions generally considered suitable for laboratory rodents. While there is no consensus on alternative terminology, many articles acknowledged that the blanket use of the terms “enriched” and “enrichment” should be avoided. Environmental enrichment was most often conceptualised as a method to increase natural behaviour and improve animal welfare. Authors also commonly outlined perceived risks and requirements of environmental enrichment. We discuss these perceptions, make suggestions for future research, and advocate for the adoption of more specific and value-neutral terminology.
Socio-Cultural Values Are Risk Factors for COVID-19-Related Mortality

To assess whether socio-cultural values are population-level risk factors for health, I sought to predict COVID-19-related mortality between 2 weeks and 6 months after the first COVID-19-related death in a country based on values extracted from the World Values Survey for different country sets, after controlling for various confounding variables. COVID-19-related mortality was increased in countries endorsing political participation but decreased in countries with greater trust in institutions and materialistic orientations. The values were specific to COVID-19-related mortality, did not predict general health outcomes, and values predicting increased COVID-19-related mortality predicted decreased mortality from other outcomes (e.g., environmental-related mortality).
Study on the Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Structural State of Pure-Iron during Hardening Treatment with a Multiradius Roller

The study looks at features the formation of the structure of the surface layer of pure-iron after hardening treatment with surface plastic deformation (SPD) by a multiradius roller (MP-roller). Earlier authors with the help of the method of finite-element modelling (FEM) of the MP-roller SPD process proved the possibility of creating high hydrostatic pressure in the deformation center of the part being processed. The methods of optical (OM) and atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray structural analysis have determined that the MR-roller SPD results in the formation of an intensively deformed surface layer of the component with characteristic ferrite grains, stretched in the direction of the current of the metal and an average size of 20-30 μm. Analysis of the results of the X-ray structural analysis showed that the processing of the SPD by the MP-roller results in a significant increase in the microdistortion of the crystal lattice, which is characteristic of the nanodimensional structure. The data obtained are well consistent with the results of the finite element modelling previously obtained.
Detecting Crown Rot Disease in Wheat in Controlled Environment Conditions Using Digital Color Imaging and Machine Learning

Crown rot is one of the major stubble soil fungal diseases that bring significant yield loss to the cereal industry. The most effective crown rot management approach is removal of infected crop residue from fields and rotation of nonhost crops. However, disease screening is challenging as there are no clear visible symptoms on upper stems and leaves at early growth stages. The current manual screening method requires experts to observe the crown and roots of plants to detect disease, which is time-consuming, subjective, labor-intensive, and costly. As digital color imaging has the advantages of low cost and easy use, it has a high potential to be an economical solution for crown rot detection. In this research, a crown rot disease detection method was developed using a smartphone camera and machine learning technologies. Four common wheat varieties were grown in greenhouse conditions with a controlled environment, and all infected group plants were infected with crown rot without the presence of other plant diseases. We used a smartphone to take digital color images of the lower stems of plants. Using imaging processing techniques and a support vector machine algorithm, we successfully distinguished infected and healthy plants as early as 14 days after disease infection. The results provide a vital first step toward developing a digital color imaging phenotyping platform for crown rot detection to enable the management of crown rot disease effectively. As an easy-access phenotyping method, this method could provide support for researchers to develop an efficiency and economic disease screening method in field conditions.