Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis and Scientific Mapping of Well-being and Job Performance

Abstract In this article, we present a meta-analysis and a scientific mapping about the relationship between different types of well-being and job performance. We followed The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Moher et al., 2009), and conduct the search in Web of Science, SCOPUS, Ebscohost, Proquest, and Jstor databases. We identified 43 studies from 1994 to early 2020 that represent 45 independent samples, 34,221 participants, and 77 correlations between four types of well-being and six of job performance. Meta-analysis results show that are different forms of relations between types and there is not only one form to explain the happy-productive worker hypothesis. The scientific mapping shows that there are seven clusters of topics about well-being and job performance in the Web of Science base articles: (I) Burnout and axiety, (II) Stress and depression, (III) Individual resources, (IV) Work context, (V) Work engagement and commitment, (VI) Justice, and (VII) Human resources practices. We organize the topics from each cluster in the different groups of variables of the contextual model of individual work, well-being and performance (van Veldhoven & Peccei, 2015) to explain their impact in well-being and job performance. We included the observations of our analysis and identified the future key directions for the field.
Seasonal Regime Shift in the Viral Communities of a Permafrost Thaw Lake

Permafrost thaw lakes including thermokarst lakes and ponds are ubiquitous features of Subarctic and Arctic landscapes and are hotspots of microbial activity. Input of terrestrial organic matter into the planktonic microbial loop of these lakes may greatly amplify global greenhouse gas emissions. This microbial loop, dominated in the summer by aerobic microorganisms including phototrophs, is radically different in the winter, when metabolic processes shift to the anaerobic degradation of organic matter. Little is known about the viruses that infect these microbes, despite evidence that viruses can control microbial populations and influence biogeochemical cycling in other systems. Here, we present the results of a metagenomics-based study of viruses in the larger than 0.22 µm fraction across two seasons (summer and winter) in a permafrost thaw lake in Subarctic Canada. We uncovered 351 viral populations (vOTUs) in the surface waters of this lake, with diversity significantly greater during the summer. We also identified and characterized several phage genomes and prophages, which were mostly present in the summer. Finally, we compared the viral community of this waterbody to other habitats and found unexpected similarities with distant bog lakes in North America.
Bacterial communities associated with abnormal Nugent score are different in pre- versus postmenopausal women.

Nugent score is the gold standard for bacterial vaginosis (BV) diagnosis but has not been validated in postmenopausal women. We compared relative abundances from 16S rRNA gene sequencing of vaginal microbiota with Nugent score in cohorts of premenopausal (n = 220) and postmenopausal (n = 144) women. In premenopausal women 33 taxa were significantly correlated with Nugent score, including the classic BV-associated taxa Gardnerella, Atopobium, Sneathia, Megasphaera and Prevotella. In postmenopausal women, 11 taxa were significantly associated with Nugent score, including Prevotella but no other BV-associated genera. High Nugent score should not be used to infer BV in postmenopausal women.
Orbital cysticercosis: clinical features and management outcomes

ABSTRACT Aim To describe the clinical and radiological features of orbital cysticercosis and its management outcome. Material and Method A retrospective analysis of consecutive cases of orbital cysticercosis between January 2008 and January 2018. The management outcome was classified into good, fair, and poor depending upon the resolution of the clinical features and status of the cyst and scolex in the imaging studies. Results A total of 61 patients with a mean age of 24.33± 31.04 years were included. The male: female ratio was 1.9:1. Pain, with or without prominence of the eye was the most common presenting symptom (n = 35, 57.4%). The mean duration of symptoms was 3.65 +/-8.56 months. Ocular motility restriction was the most common sign (n = 52, 85.2%). Fifty-five (90.16%) patients had myocysticercosis with inferior rectus being most commonly involved (n = 17, 27.9%), while 6 (9.83%) cases had orbital cysticercosis without any ocular muscle involvement. Four patients had compressive optic neuropathy. Subjectively, good clinical outcome was documented in 37 (60.65%), fair in 17 (27.87%) and poor in 7 (11.47%) patients. Objectively, imaging studies showed complete resolution of the cysticercosis lesion in 18 (45%), partial in 19 (47.5%), and no change in 3 (7.5%) patients. Conclusion A high index of suspicion and a thorough knowledge of the clinical and radiological features are necessary for the proper diagnosis and management of orbital cysticercosis. Medical management with oral albendazole combined with oral steroids leads to desired outcome in the majority.
Perspectives of the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment Living Alone on Participating in a Dementia Prevention Program: A Q Methodology Study

This study aimed to identify and describe the various patterns of perspectives among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) living alone on participating in a dementia prevention program. Q methodology was applied to investigate the perspectives of 30 community-dwelling elderly people with MCI living alone from March to August 2018. As Q methodology applies a forced distribution through the Q-sorting technique, it could capture participants’ perspective patterns. Thirty-two Q-statements were constructed to explore the participants’ attitudes regarding their participation in a dementia prevention program. The participants performed Q-sorting to rank the 32 statements into a Q-sort grid. Principal component analysis was conducted using the PQ Method 2.35 software to identify patterns in participants’ perspectives. Four patterns of shared perspectives, accounting for 54.65% of the total variance, were identified: (a) awareness of health benefits and readiness to take preventive actions; (b) emphasis on cost consideration, and not ready to participate; (c) concern about family’s attitude and needing family support; (d) emphasis on medical care and needing providers’ recommendation. The exploration of clusters of the elderly with MCI could assist health professionals in acknowledging elderly people’s attitudes and responses towards participating in a dementia prevention program.
Knowledge on, Attitude towards, and Practice of Sexual and Reproductive Health among Older Adolescent Girls in Bangladesh: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Improving the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of adolescent girls is one of the primary aims of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Adequate and accurate knowledge, a favorable attitude, safe behavior, and regular practice contribute to adolescent girls’ SRH, maternal health, and child health. Considering this, this study aims to explore the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of SRH among college-going older adolescent girls in Chittagong district, Bangladesh. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four colleges among the older adolescent girl age group of 16–17 years old (N = 792) attending a higher secondary grade in Chittagong district. Data were collected using a structured and self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses were used to summarize the SRH-related KAP and identify the associated factors, respectively. The level of knowledge about puberty, family planning, maternal health, and HIV/AIDS was not satisfactory among the older adolescent girls. Different myths are common in the rural area with regards to menstruation, which impose several restrictions on adolescent girls and adult women. Standardized coefficients of beta (β) and p value < 0.05 in linear regression analyses demonstrated that being a student of the science group (β = 0.29, p < 0.001) and reading about or watching SRH issues on media (β = 0.21, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with older adolescent girls’ high level of knowledge in this regard. Furthermore, being a student of the science group (β = 0.17, p < 0.001), urban residence (β = 0.20, p < 0.001), regular SRH communication (at least once a month) with a mother/sister/friend (β = 0.10, p = 0.003), and reading or watching any SRH content on media (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) appeared as predictors of adolescent girls’ positive attitude towards SRH issues. Moreover, being a student of the science group (β = 0.07, p = 0.048), urban residence (β = 0.22, p < 0.001), regular SRH discussions with a mother/sister/friend (β = 0.09, p = 0.005), pre-knowledge on periods before menarche (β = 0.12, p < 0.001), and reading or watching any SRH content on media (β = 0.18, p < 0.001) are the most important factors influencing a regular hygienic practice of SRH. This study suggests strengthening SRH-related comprehensive education programs incorporated into the curriculum, the effective use of mass media, and supplying behavioral change communication materials.
Animal and Cellular Studies Demonstrate Some of the Beneficial Impacts of Herring Milt Hydrolysates on Obesity-Induced Glucose Intolerance and Inflammation

The search for bioactive compounds from enzymatic hydrolysates has increased in the last few decades. Fish by-products have been shown to be rich in these valuable molecules; for instance, herring milt is a complex matrix composed of lipids, nucleotides, minerals, and proteins. However, limited information is available on the potential health benefits of this by-product. In this context, three industrial products containing herring milt hydrolysate (HMH) were tested in both animal and cellular models to measure their effects on obesity-related metabolic disorders. Male C57Bl/6J mice were fed either a control chow diet or a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 8 weeks and received either the vehicle (water) or one of the three HMH products (HMH1, HMH2, and HMH3) at a dose of 208.8 mg/kg (representing 1 g/day for a human) by daily oral gavage. The impact of HMH treatments on insulin and glucose tolerance, lipid homeostasis, liver gene expression, and the gut microbiota profile was studied. In parallel, the effects of HMH on glucose uptake and inflammation were studied in L6 myocytes and J774 macrophages, respectively. In vivo, daily treatment with HMH2 and HMH3 improved early time point glycemia during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) induced by the HFHS diet, without changes in weight gain and insulin secretion. Interestingly, we also observed that HMH2 consumption partially prevented a lower abundance of Lactobacillus species in the gut microbiota of HFHS diet-fed animals. In addition to this, modulations of gene expression in the liver, such as the upregulation of sucrose nonfermenting AMPK-related kinase (SNARK), were reported for the first time in mice treated with HMH products. While HMH2 and HMH3 inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction in J774 macrophages, glucose uptake was not modified in L6 muscle cells. These results indicate that milt herring hydrolysates reduce some metabolic and inflammatory alterations in cellular and animal models, suggesting a possible novel marine ingredient to help fight against obesity-related immunometabolic disorders.
Function and Benefits of Natural Competence in Cyanobacteria: From Ecology to Targeted Manipulation

Natural competence is the ability of a cell to actively take up and incorporate foreign DNA in its own genome. This trait is widespread and ecologically significant within the prokaryotic kingdom. Here we look at natural competence in cyanobacteria, a group of globally distributed oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Many cyanobacterial species appear to have the genetic potential to be naturally competent, however, this ability has only been demonstrated in a few species. Reasons for this might be due to a high variety of largely uncharacterised competence inducers and a lack of understanding the ecological context of natural competence in cyanobacteria. To shed light on these questions, we describe what is known about the molecular mechanisms of natural competence in cyanobacteria and analyse how widespread this trait might be based on available genomic datasets. Potential regulators of natural competence and what benefits or drawbacks may derive from taking up foreign DNA are discussed. Overall, many unknowns about natural competence in cyanobacteria remain to be unravelled. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms and how to manipulate these, can aid the implementation of cyanobacteria as sustainable production chassis.
Microscopic and morphometric study of the proventriculus and ventriculus of the Striated Scope Owl (Otus Scors brucei) in Iraq

The stomach of the Striated Scope Owl (OtusScorsbrucei) consist of two externally distinguishable chambers: that are the proventriculus (glandular part which secretes the gastric juices) and the gizzard (ventriculus) which has a mechanical function. The proventriculus of longitudinal shape is cranially continuous with the esophagus. The gizzard was rounded shape with a thin wall is extended caudally to the proventriculus. The proventriculus was thick-walled and short (the mean length was 11.4mm , 7.1mm in diameter and 1mm3 in volume). The wall was constructed of the four typical layers of the tubular organ, that are tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularisand tunica serosa. The average thickness of each tunicawas 3240 mm, 14280 mm, 960 µm and 120 µm, respectively. The Gizzard was rounded sac surrounded by fatty tissue. Noticeably, it lack the smooth muscles fibers which are usually found in the developing gizzard and absence of the keratinoid lining of the mucosal surface. The mean length was 24.34 mm, 12.7 mm in diameter and 3 mm3 in volume.Similarly to the proventriculus, the gizzard’s wall was constructed of the same four tunics that are tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularisand tunica serosa. The average thicknesses of these tunicae are 1560 mm, 1680 mm, 3240 µm and 120 µm, respectively.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Physician Burnout Globally: A Review

Background: The current pandemic, COVID-19, has added to the already high levels of stress that medical professionals face globally. While most health professionals have had to shoulder the burden, physicians are not often recognized as being vulnerable and hence little attention is paid to morbidity and mortality within this group. Objective: To analyse and summarise the current knowledge on factors/potential factors contributing to burnout amongst healthcare professionals amidst the pandemic. This review also makes a few recommendations on how best to prepare intervention programmes for physicians. Methods: In August 2020, a systematic review was performed using the database Medline and Embase (OVID) to search for relevant papers on the impact of COVID-19 on physician burnout–the database was searched for terms such as “COVID-19 OR pandemic” AND “burnout” AND “healthcare professional OR physician”. A manual search was done for other relevant studies included in this review. Results: Five primary studies met the inclusion criteria. A further nine studies were included which evaluated the impact of occupational factors (n = 2), gender differences (n = 4) and increased workload/sleep deprivation (n = 3) on burnout prior to the pandemic. Additionally, five reviews were analysed to support our recommendations. Results from the studies generally showed that the introduction of COVID-19 has heightened existing challenges that physicians face such as increasing workload, which is directly correlated with increased burnout. However, exposure to COVID-19 does not necessarily correlate with increased burnout and is an area for more research. Conclusions: There is some evidence showing that techniques such as mindfulness may help relieve burnout. However, given the small number of studies focusing on physician burnout amidst a pandemic, conclusions should be taken with caution. More studies are needed to support these findings.
Citrate Coated Silver Nanoparticles With Modulatory Effects On Aflatoxin Biosynthesis In Aspergillus Parasiticus

v LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 1.1 AFLATOXINS: DISCOVERY, EXPOSURE, TOXICITY, RISK ASSESSMENT AND ECONOMIC IMPACT . 1 1.2 AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS . 8 1.3 REGULATORY FACTORS AFFECTING AFLATOXIN GENE EXPRESSION 12 1.4 FACTORS AFFECTING AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS . 13 1.5 EFFECT OF AFLATOXIN & OTHER MYCOTOXIN & THEIR PRODUCRES ON MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT . 15 1.6 NANOPARTICLES: BACKGROUND, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, EXPOSURE, AND RISK ASSESSMENT . 17 1.7 GOAL OF MY STUDY . 32 CHAPTER 2: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CITRATE-COATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES . 34 2.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Firefighters

Objective: To address which body composition (BC) measures best correlate with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in firefighters and develop a model for accurate CRF estimation compared with traditional methods. Methods: Career firefighters had body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) measured in addition to body fat percentage (FM%) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). CRF as maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated by rowing machine and measured by indirect calorimetry in a treadmill exercise test. Results: Fifty two firefighters participated (92.3% men). Univariate correlations with BMI were best with WC. Univariate correlations with VO2max were best with FM%. Obesity classifications by BC measures agreed weakly at best. Multivariate analysis of several variables yielded an improved VO2max estimate (R2 = 0.70). Conclusions: Fire departments may benefit from more sophisticated measures of BC and CRF to evaluate firefighter fitness.
First detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in Argentina and its association with reproductive failure.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is considered a new circovirus and since it first description has been widely reported in most of the swine producing countries. Multisystemic inflammation and reproductive failure are consistent and concerning issues associated with PCV3 infection. This report describes the clinical and pathological features of a chronic reproductive disorder in a swine-herd in Argentina associated with the presence of PCV3. Mummified (n=42) and stillborn piglets (n=20) from a case of chronic reproductive disorder (Study A) and mummified and stillborn piglets (n=141) from normal deliveries (Study B) were retrospectively assessed for the presence of multiple reproductive pathogens (PCV3, PCV2, ADV, PPV, Leptospira spp., and Brucella spp). On study, A PCV3 and PPV were detected in 15 and 8 pools respectively with a coinfection rate of 100% in all PPV positive cases. Three out of 131 fetuses from three different sows from Study B were positive only for PCV3. Histological evaluation of hearts from stillborn also showed lesions similar to those previously described in the literature for PCV3-reproductive disease. Partial genome of PCV3 was amplified and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains of Study A and B clustered within the PCV3a and PCV3b clades respectively. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the PCV3 has been circulating in Argentina at least since 2016 and its potential role in reproductive disorders. Further studies are warranted to determine the role of PCV3 in the reproductive disease complex and its prevalence in the swine industry in Argentina.
Is There a Causal Relationship between Childhood Obesity and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia? A Review

Simple Summary The childhood obesity epidemic is impacting tens of millions of children globally. While obesity causes several cancers in adults, its potential role in causing pediatric cancers remains unclear. In this review, we assess the potential contribution of obesity to the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common pediatric cancer. We review the possible mechanisms by which the adipose tissue attracts and protects leukemia cells and how it interferes with the actions of chemotherapies used in ALL treatment. We also examine adipose tissue-secreted molecules and fuels that may support leukemia development. While there are no current definite causal links between obesity and ALL, there are plausible mechanisms that need further investigation to explore the impact of obesity on causing ALL and on impacting treatment outcomes. Abstract Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic with numerous global health implications. Over the past few years, novel insights have emerged about the contribution of adult obesity to cancer risk, but the evidence base is far more limited in children. While pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk of obesity, it is unclear if there are potential causal mechanisms by which obesity leads to ALL development. This review explores the endocrine, metabolic and immune dysregulation triggered by obesity and its potential role in pediatric ALL’s genesis. We describe possible mechanisms, including adipose tissue attraction and protection of lymphoblasts, and their impact on ALL chemotherapies’ pharmacokinetics. We also explore the potential contribution of cytokines, growth factors, natural killer cells and adipose stem cells to ALL initiation and propagation. While there are no current definite causal links between obesity and ALL, critical questions persist as to whether the adipose tissue microenvironment and endocrine actions can play a causal role in childhood ALL, and there is a need for more research to address these questions.
Conventional and Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Are Not Associated With Increase in or Progression of Cervical Neoplasia Among Patients With Spondyloarthritis

Objectives Using a centralized electronic database, we investigated the risk of cervical neoplasia (CN) and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) receiving disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Method A total of 951 patients with SpA were reviewed. Incidence and progression of CN and clinical data including age, ethnicity, smoking and drinking status, dates of first and last follow-up, history of psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, medications used, mean dose and duration of medications, and comorbidities were reviewed. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the individual risk of DMARDs with CN and the risk of CIN progression. Results During a mean follow-up duration of 9.2 ± 5.9 years, 34 patients had developed CN, which translates to an incidence for development of CN in patients with SpA of 3.9 per 1000 patient-years. Univariate Cox regression analyses showed no differences in clinical characteristics (psoriasis hazards ratio [HR] = 0.92, p = 0.82; inflammatory bowel disease HR = 0.05, p = 0.61; diabetes mellitus HR = 2.82, p = 0.21; chronic kidney disease HR = 0.39, p = 0.35) and medications exposure (sulfasalazine HR = 0.49, p = 0.30; methotrexate HR = 0.52, p = 0.11; leflunomide HR = 0.52, p = 0.37; adalimumab HR = 0.83, p = 0.80; certolizumab HR = 0.05, p = 0.74; etanercept HR = 0.40, p = 0.36; golimumab HR = 0.05, p = 0.32; infliximab HR = 0.05, p = 0.39; secukinumab HR = 1.00, p = 1.00; ustekinumab HR = 0.05, p = 0.78) between patients who had and had not develop CN during the study period. Progression of CIN was independently associated with higher grades of CIN lesion (HR = 6.20; p = 0.05). Conclusions There was low risk of development and progression of CN in patients with SpA on conventional or biologic DMARD therapy.