Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Inverse Model for Reservoir Characterization Using SA Algorithm

ABSTRACT This paper presents the development and application of the inverse model that can generate the optimum distribution of permeability and porosity by matching the production data (bottomhole pressure) applying the Simulated Annealing algorithm. From the results of the feasibility study and the sensitivity analysis, if the maximum perturbation value was large, the fitness was improved highly at early stage of the optimization, but its improvement was smaller and smaller after middle stage. It was found that the appropriate size of the maximum perturbation value is required to escape from the local optimum. In the case of the maximum perturbation value for permeability of 1% and porosity of 2%, the maximum fitness was calculated to 0.00449 and the optimum distribution of porosity and permeability were generated. The pressure matching result showed the RMS error of pressure was 0.74 psi and the average relative error was 0.036% at all producer, which means the developed model was quite valid. Finally, the comparison of the result performed by GA with this research showed that SA was similar to GA.
Modality’s semantic map

Starting from Bybee, Perkins, & Pagliuca (1994) and complementing their insights with observations that often originale in the non-English literature on modality, this paper attempts to supply the grammaticalized expressions ofmodalüy with a semantic map. The t er m "modality" is taken t o refer t o just those (four) domains in which possibility contrasts with necessity, and "semantic map' refers to a representation of cross-linguistically relevant synchronic and diachronic connections between modal, premodal, and postmodal meanings or uses. Special attention is given to meanings that are vague between possibility and necessity, to developments from possibility to necessity and vice versa, to postmodal meanings that can originale in either possibility or necessity, and to demodalization of non-epistemic modality.
Diagnosis of congenital anomalies, its demographic patterns and associated maternity risk factors among children hospitalized at Lal Ded Hospital, Srinagar

- Congenital anomalies (CAs) are a major cause of stillbirths and neonatal mortality in India. The extent and patterns vary over time and across different geographical locations. The objective of the study was diagnosis of CAs using ultrasound (USG), different demographic patterns, types of CA, mode of delivery, gestational age and associated maternal risk factors in both booked and unbooked urban and rural pregnant women at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lal Ded Hospital (tertiary health care setting), Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar. Pregnancy outcome of both booked and unbooked pregnant women were followed till delivery for the ascertainment of CAs. The congenital abnormalities were detected during antenatal period using ultrasonography (USG), after delivery and abortion. A total of 5539 mothers were followed till their pregnancy outcome was recorded. Among them 5500 live births were recorded. Rate of incidence of CAs were 0.9/1000 live births. The unbooked women showed indices of 64%, while as, the
Spectral analysis of the complex cubic oscillator

Using the `exact semiclassical analysis', we study the spectrum of a one-parameter family of complex cubic oscillators. The {}-invariance property of the complex Hamiltonians and the reality property of the spectrum are discussed. Analytic continuations of the spectrum in the complex parameter and their connections with the resonance problem for the real cubic oscillator are investigated. The global analytic structure of the spectrum yields a branch point structure similar to the multivalued analytic structure discovered by Bender and Wu for the quartic oscillator.
Assessment of Mechanical and Durability Properties of High Strength Concrete Using Iron Ore Tailings and Waste Rock as Aggregates

This paper investigates the suitability of using iron ore tailings (IOTs) and crushed waste rock (CWR) as fine and coarse aggregates to prepare high strength concrete (HSC) with 28-day target compressive strength of 80 MPa. This experimental investigation was carried out on four series of concrete mixtures with different combinations of fine and coarse aggregates, such as IOTs and crushed limestone (CLS), river sand (RS) and CLS, RS and CWR, LOTs and CWR. The specimens with RS and CLS was taken as control mixture. Tests were done to determine the compressive, flexural strength and splitting tensile strengths, elastic modulus, rapid chloride permeability, resistance to sulphate attack and freezethaw resistance in HSC specimens. The results indicated that superplasticizer demand increased in the three mixtures containing the mine waste aggregate of IOTs or CWR in order to achieve the same workability as that of the control mixture. The compressive strength of all HSC mixtures could meet the design requirement of C80 grade strength, but the mechanical and durability characteristics of HSC were adversely affected by the substitution of mine waste aggregates for natural aggregates. Index Term-Iron ore tailings; waste rock; high strength concrete; mechanical properties; durability
Dynamic equations on time-scale : Application to stability analysis and stabilization of aperiodic sampled-data systems

Abstract The stability analysis of systems with aperiodic sampling is analyzed in the framework of dynamic equations on time-scales. Lyapunov theory is used, with sample-period-dependent and independent Lyapunov functions, to obtain stability conditions expressed in terms of parameter dependent matrix inequalities. The examples illustrate the efficiency of the approach which is able to recover, for some systems, the theoretical results for the periodic sampling case even in the aperiodic case. It is also shown that some systems may have admissible varying sampling periods located in disjoint sets. Finally, stabilization results via switching state-feedback are provided; both robust and sampling-period-dependent controllers are considered. It is shown that the latter ones, using the information on the sampling period, can improve stability properties. Stabilization examples illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Organizational Creativity in Multinational Companies: Knowledge Collecting, ICT Use and Top Management Support

Grounding on the interactionist perspective proposed by Woodman, Sawyer, and Griffin (1993), this paper conceives organizational creativity as a complex concept whose investigation requires the understanding of the process, the product, the person, and the situation. Accordingly, this work attempts to enrich the understanding of how organizational creativity can be fostered by offering a framework which combines (inter-)individual-level learning (collecting knowledge from others), information sharing (through ICT infrastructures), and contextual factors (perceived top management support). The empirical analysis draws on a sample of 362 employees from five Multinational Corporations? subsidiaries and shows that individuals? orientation toward learning from others, the extent to which they use ICT for fostering information sharing within the firm, and a strong top management support significantly enhance organizational creativity. However, a heavy ICT use may weaken the relationship between learning from others and organizational creativity. Based on these results, the paper contributes to the literature on organizational creativity by confirming the importance of providing a holistic view of the phenomenon, consistently with its inherent complexity. In so doing, it suggests organizations and their managers to simultaneously pay attention to individual- and situational-factors when planning
Effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash on quality, nutrient content and uptake of chrysanthemum cultivars.

hrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflorum Ramat) is a popular flower crop of commercial importance belonging to family Asteraceae and native of Europe and Asia. The bloom of the Asteraceae appears on capitulum’s inflorescence. It consists of a large number of small florets in very close formation. The florets are of two types, ray florets and disc florets. The ray florets are large, attractive, and colourful and of various shapers which give beauty to head, where as disc florets are smaller and centrally placed. The chrysanthemum is mainly grown for its cut flower for making bouquets, garlands, veni and for decoration during religious and social functions. Some species of chrysanthemum are also cultivated as source of pyrethrum, an important insecticide Members of the Research Forum
I and i

There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …
Lattice Green's functions for cubic lattices

The Green’s functions for a cubic lattice given by G(E)=1/π3 ∫0π∫0π∫0π (dx dydz)/[E−ω (x,y,z)], where (i) ω(x,y,z)=(a1cosx+a2cosy)(1+cosz)+a3cosz, (ii) ω(x,y,z)=a1cosx(1+cosy+cosz+cosycosz) +a2cosy+a3cosz+a23cosycosz are evaluated exactly and expressed as products of two 2F1’s each of which represents a complete elliptic integral of the first kind. The expressions for the Green’s functions manifest the expected symmetries.
Multiple Scattering of Polarized Light in Planetary Atmospheres Part II. Sunlight Reflected by Terrestrial Water Clouds

Abstract The intensity and polarization of sunlight reflected by terrestrial water clouds are computed with the doubling method. The calculations illustrate that this method can be effectively used in problem involving strongly anisotropic phase matrices. The method can therefore be used to derive information about planetary clouds, including those of the earth, from polarimetric observations. The results of the computations indicate that the polarization is more sensitive than the intensity to cloud microstructure, such as the particle size and shape. Multiple scattering does not wash out features in the polarization as effectively as it does in the intensity, because the polarization arises primarily from photons scattered once or a small number of times. Hence polarization measurements, particularly in the near infrared, are potentially a valuable tool for cloud identification and for studies of the microphysics of clouds. The computations are made primarily at four wavelengths in the near infrared, fr.
Critical Behaviour of Conductivity and Dielectric Constant near the Metal-Non-Metal Transition Threshold

A system consisting of randomly distributed metallic and dielectric regions is considered. The metal-non-metal transition takes place when the volume fraction of the metallic phase approaches the percolation threshold. It is shown that the static dielectric constant diverges near the threshold. Critical indexes are introduced which describe the behaviour of the conductivity and the dielectric constant near the threshold as functions of the volume fraction and frequency. The case of non-zero dc conductivity of dielectric regions is considered also. It is shown that all indexes describing the critical behaviour of complex conductivity can be expressed by two indexes which are known from computer and model experiments. The results of computer calculations of Webman et al. are analysed.
Quantitative analysis of the weak anti-localization effect in ultrathin bismuth films

Magnetic-field dependence of conductivity in ultrathin Bi films is measured in applied magnetic fields up to 9 T, in both directions, perpendicular and parallel to the film plane, at temperatures down to 0.4 K, and analyzed in terms of the weak anti-localization theory in two-dimensional systems. With the reduction of film thickness, the classical magnetoresistance effect is completely suppressed, and only the weak anti-localization effect is observed. The parameters extracted from the analysis allow the study of the contribution of the different scattering mechanisms to the electronic transport properties in ultrathin Bi films. In particular, the thickness-independent spin-orbit scattering length indicates that the spin-orbit split surface states dominate the transport in the ultrathin-film limit.
Hydraulic properties of two‐dimensional random fracture networks following a power law length distribution: 1. Effective connectivity

Natural fracture networks involve a very broad range of fractures of variable lengths and apertures, modeled, in general, by a power law length distribution and a lognormal aperture distribution. The objective of this two‐part paper is to characterize the permeability variations as well as the relevant flow structure of two‐dimensional isotropic models of fracture networks as determined by the fracture length and aperture distributions and by the other parameters of the model (such as density and scale). In this paper we study the sole influence of the fracture length distribution on permeability by assigning the same aperture to all fractures. In the following paper [de Dreuzy et al., this issue] we study the more general case of networks in which fractures have both length and aperture distributions. Theoretical and numerical studies show that the hydraulic properties of power law length fracture networks can be classified into three types of simplified model. If a power law length distribution n (l) ∼ l−a is used in the network design, the classical percolation model based on a population of small fractures is applicable for a power law exponent a higher than 3. For a lower than 2, on the contrary, the applicable model is the one made up of the largest fractures of the network. Between these two limits, i.e., for a in the range 2–3, neither of the previous simplified models can be applied so that a simplified two‐scale structure is proposed. For this latter model the crossover scale is the classical correlation length, defined in the percolation theory, above which networks can be homogenized and below which networks have a multipath, multisegment structure. Moreover, the determination of the effective fracture length range, within which fractures significantly contribute to flow, corroborates the relevance of the previous models and clarifies their geometrical characteristics. Finally, whatever the exponent a, the sole significant scale effect is a decrease of the equivalent permeability for networks below or at percolation threshold.
Reynolds number dependence of plane jet development in the transitional regime

The transitional characteristics of plane turbulent jets have been investigated in the present study. Hot wire measurements have been performed for a jet issuing from a rectangular nozzle of aspect ratio 20, for Reynolds number varying in the range 250⩽Re⩽6250. In this range, the characteristics of flow development are found to be Reynolds number dependent, in contrast to the fully developed turbulent jets which show features independent of initial conditions such as inlet Re. For low Re jets, the jet spread is significantly influenced by the low frequency oscillations caused by shear layer instability. Large sized vortices are formed in the shear layers at the fundamental frequency of the instability, which lead to subharmonic low frequency oscillations due to vortex pairing and merger, at larger axial distances. Consequently, the far field flow structure of a low Re jet is dominated by large size vortices which give rise to a higher level of flow intermittency, larger entrainment of ambient fluid, and f.
Microturbulence reduction during negative central shear tokamak discharges

Increased temperature, confinement, and fusion reactivity recently achieved during discharges in the DIII-D Tokamak [J. Luxon et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] with negative central magnetic shear (NCS) are accompanied by reduced core electrostatic microturbulence. Comparison of fluctuation characteristics between discharges with and without NCS reveals significant differences in the level and location of microturbulence. While the cause, or instability, for the microturbulence is not known, the reduction of the saturated level is consistent with models incorporating negative shear stabilization and turbulence stabilization by sheared E×B flow.
Nonlogarithmic terms in the strong field dependence of the photon propagator

The modifications of the electromagnetic coupling in the presence of a strong external magnetic field are further investigated. The case of non-vanishing momentum transfers acid the induced anisotropy of space are explicitly taken into account. We confirm the presence of directional terms showing an unusual linear dependence on the external field strength. These last terms overwhelm the expected logarithmic corrections and tend to reduce the effective coupling.
Flow regimes and relative permeabilities during steady-state two-phase flow in porous media

Steady-state two-phase flow in porous media was studied experimentally, using a model pore network of the chamber-and-throat type, etched in glass. The size of the network was sufficient to make end effects negligible. The capillary number, Ca, the flow-rate ratio, r, and the viscosity ratio, k, were changed systematically in a range that is of practical interest, whereas the wettability (moderate), the coalescence factor (high), and the geometrical and topological parameters of the porous medium were kept constant. Optical observations and macroscopic measurements were used to determine the flow regimes, and to calculate the corresponding relative permeabilities and fractional flow values. Four main flow regimes were observed and videorecorded, namely large-ganglion dynamics (LGD), small-ganglion dynamics (SGD), drop-traffic flow (DTF) and connected pathway flow (CPF). A map of the flow regimes is given in figure 3. The experimental demonstration that LGD, SGD and DTF prevail under flow conditions of practical interest, for which the widely held dogma presumes connected pathway flow, necessitates the drastic modification of that assumption. This is bound to have profound implications for the mathematical analysis and computer simulation of the process. The relative permeabilities are shown to correlate strongly with the flow regimes, figure 11. The relative permeability to oil (non-wetting fluid), kro, is minimal in the domain of LGD, and increases strongly as the flow mechanism changes from LGD to SGD to DTF to CPF. The relative permeability to water (wetting fluid), krw, is minimal in the domain of SGD; it increases moderately as the flow mechanism changes from SGD to LGD, whereas it increases strongly as the mechanism changes from SGD to DTF to CPF. Qualitative mechanistic explanations for these experimental results are proposed. The conventional relative permeabilities and the fractional flow of water, fw, are found to be strong functions not only of the water saturation, Sw, but also of Ca and k (with the wettability, the coalescence factor, and all the other parameters kept constant). These results imply that a fundamental reconsideration of fractional flow theory is warranted.
Linear feedback control of transient energy growth and control performance limitations in subcritical plane Poiseuille flow

Suppression of the transient energy growth in subcritical plane Poiseuille flow via feedback control is addressed. It is assumed that the time derivative of any of the velocity components can be imposed at the walls as control input and that full-state information is available. We show that it is impossible to design a linear state-feedback controller that leads to a closed-loop flow system without transient energy growth. In a subsequent step, state-feedback controllers—directly targeting the transient growth mechanism—are designed using a procedure based on a linear matrix inequalities approach. The performance of such controllers is analyzed first in the linear case, where comparison to previously proposed linear-quadratic optimal controllers is made; further, transition thresholds are evaluated via direct numerical simulations of the controlled three-dimensional Poiseuille flow against different initial conditions of physical interest, employing different velocity components as wall actuation. The pre.
Variational arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method

This thesis is concerned with the development of Variational Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method (VALE) method. VALE is essentially finite element method generalized to account for horizontal variations, in particular, variations in nodal coordinates. The distinguishing characteristic of the method is that the variational principle simultaneously supplies the solution, the optimal mesh and, in case problems of shape optimization, optimal shape. This is accomplished by rendering the functional associated with the variational principle stationary with respect to nodal field values as well as with respect to the nodal positions of triangulation of the domain of analysis. Stationarity with respect to the nodal positions has the effect of the equilibriating the energetic or configurational forces acting in the nodes. Further, configurational force equilibrium provides precise criterion for mesh optimality. The solution so obtained corresponds to minimum of energy functional (minimum principle) in static case and to the stationarity of action sum (discrete Hamilton's stationarity principle) in dynamic case, with respect to both nodal variables and nodal positions. Further, the resulting mesh adaption scheme is devoid of error estimates and mesh-to-mesh transfer interpolation errors. We illustrate the versatility and convergence characteristics of the method by way of selected numerical tests and applications, including the problem of semi-infinite crack, the shape optimization of elastic inclusions and free vibration of 1-d rod.
A Study of the Error Covariance Matrix of Radar Rainfall Estimates in Stratiform Rain

The contribution of various physical sources of uncertainty affecting radar rainfall estimates at the ground is quantified toward deriving and understanding the error covariance matrix of these estimates. The focus here is on stratiform precipitation at a resolution of 15 km, which is most relevant for data assimilation onto mesoscale numerical models. In the characterization of the error structure, the following contributions are considered: (i) the individual effect of the range-dependent error (associated with beam broadening and increasing height of radar measurements with range), (ii) the error associated with the transformation from reflectivity to rain rate due to the variability of drop size distributions, and (iii) the interaction of the first two, that is, the term resulting from the cross correlation between the effects of the range-dependent error and the uncertainty related to the variability of drop size distributions (DSDs). For this purpose a large database of S-band radar observations at short range (where reflectivity near the ground is measured and the beam is narrow) is used to characterize the range-dependent error within a simulation framework, and disdrometric measurements collocated with the radar data are used to assess the impact of the variability of DSDs. It is noted that these two sources of error are well correlated in the vicinity of the melting layer as result of the physical processes that determine the density of snow (e.g., riming), which affect both the DSD variability and the vertical profile of reflectivity.