Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bounded Rationality in Industrial Organization 2 Early History 3 Bounded Rationality at the Time of the Game-theoretic Revolution 3.1 the Rule-of-thumb Approach 3.2 Explicit Bounded Rationality 4.1 Learning 4.2 Computational Complexity 5.1 One Bias: Hyperbolic Discounting

In the last few years there has been a surge of interest in bounded rationality in industrial orgranization. Much of the recent interest is coming from people crossing over into the field from psychology and economics, but there is also a longstanding tradition within the field. Although the field is not yet as coherent and advanced as most fields surveyed at and Econometric Society World Congress, the fact that diverse strands of research and diverse researchers are coming together seemed to me to make it a topic for which a discussion could be very useful. The terms " boundedly rational " and " behavioral " have been used by different groups of economists over the years to describe different styles of work. In Simon's (1955) early discussion of bounded rationality, the hallmark of the research on the topic was explicit attention to the cognitive contraints of individuals and firms. The " bounded rationality " in my title is intended much more broadly to include work from several different traditions. One tradition is work that proceeds by assuming that players follow exogenously specified rules of thumb. Work in this vein was being developed immediately before the game-theoretic revolution in IO and has continued at a steady albeit measured pace, most notably being popular where IO has intersected with the game theoretic learning theory. A second tradition is work that grows out of recent work in the area often referred to as " behavioral economics " or " psychology and economics ". (I'll use the latter term to avoid causing confusion with other " behavioral " literatures.) Work in this vein is usually motivated by psychological or experimental evidence exhibiting that people depart from self-interested rationality in various ways. Analytically, this type of boundedly rational IO is often similar to traditional rational IO, albeit with the important difference that the function agents are maximizing is not their utility function. A third tradition is work that follows Simon's vision more closely and pays explicit attention to cognitive limitations. By now, this is the smallest of the three. I begin with an discussion of some of the very early literature and also spend some time on papers that are twenty or thirty years old before moving on the current literature. It is impossible to identify the beginnings of bounded rationality in industrial organization. Throughout the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s there were active debates about …
Antiepileptic drugs and suicidality

The current study is a systematic review of the literature concerning the possible relationship of antiepileptics and suicide-related clinical features and behaviours. A MEDLINE search returned 863 papers but only five were chosen as relevant. A critical analysis of the Food and Drug Administration report is also included. Overall, the current review suggests there are no convincing data concerning a ‘class effect’ of antiepileptics in inducing any type of suicide-related behaviours. Further research is needed concerning topiramate, lamotrigine and maybe leviracetam. Clinicians are expected to inform patients and their families on the possible increased risk but it is important not to overemphasise the issue, since stopping or refusing to start antiepileptics may result in serious harm, including death of the patient. Future randomised controlled trials should specifically focus on issues concerning depression and suicidal thoughts in patients with epilepsy.
QUANTIFYING DEFORMATION IN THE EASTERN BHUTAN HIMALAYA:INSIGHTS FROM FLEXURAL AND THERMAL-KINEMATIC MODELS OF ABALANCED CROSS SECTION

Reconstructions of a balanced geologic cross section in the Himalayan fold-thrust belt of eastern Bhutan are used in a thermal-kinematic model to understand the first order controls on thermochronometer cooling ages and track magnitude, timing and rates of deformation. We model the cross section with sequential ~10-km deformation steps and apply flexural loading and erosional offloading at each step to develop a high-resolution evolution of deformation, topography and foreland basin development in the fold-thrust belt over time. Models of topography combined with varied timing of out-of-sequence motion along the Kakhtang Thrust affect the intermediate deformational and exhumational history. We use these flexural models coupled with varying heat production values and velocities of deformation as input in the thermal-kinematic model Pecube to forward model apatite fission track (AFT), zircon (U-Th/He) (ZHe), and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar (MAr) cooling ages during fold-thrust belt development. Comparing the predicted ages to published cooling ages along the section reveals that cooling ages are sensitive to (1) variable shortening rates, (2) how modeled topography accommodates structural uplift and flexural loading, (3) kinematic timing of fault motion, and (4) cross section geometry. Models maintaining a temporally constant deformation rate do not adequately predict cooling ages that match existing AFT, ZHe, and MAr data. Better fits to data are generated in models that use published estimates of temporally variable shortening rates. Best fits to the suite of published cooling ages required motion along the Kakhtang Thrust both before and after duplexing of Upper Lesser Himalayan rocks, topography that can dynamically account for structural uplift and flexural loading, heat production value of 2.5 μW/m3, and variable deformation rates ranging from 74 mm/a to 4 mm/a. Young AFT ages (2-6 Ma) observed north of the Main Central Thrust cannot be matched in the best fitting models. We attribute this misfit to (1) a partitioning of shortening along the Kakhtang Thrust that is both kinematically and flexurally different than the models presented in this study, and/or (2) the geometry of the cross section, which may require a modified decollement north of the surface exposure of the Shumar Thrust.
Improving the information content of IASI assimilation for numerical weather prediction

The Infrared Atmosperhic Sounding Interferometer (IASI) provides significant impact to numerical weather prediction systems despite current assimilation schemes using less than 2% of the channels. The current system does not achieve the information content predicted by earlier theoretical studies and results presented here show that the information content could be doubled if the full spectrum were exploited. There is potential to improve the vertical resolution of the humidity analysis and the stratospheric temperature in particular. This thesis explores principal component (PC) compression and radiance reconstruction to compress the spectrum by over 90% whilst retaining almost the full information content. Theoretical calculations are shown that indicate PC scores and reconstructed radiances achieve close to the maximum information content, making them promising approaches for better exploitation of IASI. However, care must be taken because neglected error terms and matrix conditioning are problematic due to the way the information in the compressed observations is coupled in the vertical. New methods for choosing reconstructed radiance channels for assimilation are developed and tested, generating channel selections suitable for implementation in the Met Office operational system. The final section is concerned with the interaction between the observation information and the background error covariance matrix. This matrix can only ever be estimated, which causes the analysis to be suboptimal. If the differences between true and assumed errors are large enough, the analysis may be degraded relative to the background. Guarding against exaggeration of background errors is therefore important, and for water vapour in particular, spurious vertical structures in the stratosphere must be avoided. Increasing the spectral coverage increases the information content and reduces exposure to analysis degradation. This result is encouraging because it means that there is no greater risk to the analysis if more spectral information is provided, paving the way for assimilation of reconstructed radiances.
Whole Body Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) to Determine Body Composition

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Bistatic scattering of global positioning system signals from Arctic sea ice

This work evaluates the potential use of scattered Global Positioning System (GPS) signals for the retrieval of information related to the presence and condition of the Arctic sea ice cover. Although the combined satellite microwave record over the period 1979 to 2006 indicates that the Arctic sea ice extent has declined for every month, evidence for accompanying reductions in ice thickness has been hampered by the poor separability of the sea ice categories based on available active and passive measurements. Using data collected from an airborne platform flying over the Beaufort, Bering and Chukchi Seas during the month of March in 2003, a geophysical model function is fit to scattered GPS waveforms to estimate parameters such as the L-band dielectric permittivity of the surface and its large scale roughness. These products are compared satisfactorily against independent measurements of roughness provided by a LIDAR surface profiler and a reference classification of sea ice types obtained from the simultaneous analysis of polarimetric brightness temperatures at 11, 19 and 37 GHz, Cband radar backscatter and visible/infrared imagery. We find that the ability of GPS derived permittivities to delineate the extent of the sea ice cover and separate the thin ice classes matches that of the currently operational radiometers, and that GPS derived roughness measurements provide improved separability of the thick ice classes, along with additional information about the deformation processes that affect the Arctic cover.
Phase variation of type 1 fimbriae : a single cell investigation

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Preliminary Study on the Contribution of External Forces to Ship Behavior

Computational modeling has become a prominent tool to simulate physical processes for research and development projects. The coastal region of southern Brazil is very susceptible to oil spill accidents. Currently, oil is intensively transported in the region due to the presence of the Rio Grande Harbor, the Transpetro Waterway Terminal (Petrobras) and the Riograndense S/A Oil Refinery. Therefore, simulations under ideal navigation conditions for ships with potentially polluting loads are important because their use can reduce oil spills and toxic compound accidents in the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to present a preliminary study of the contribution of external forces to a ship’s behavior over a simulation period of 5 h. The methodology is based on the development of a numerical model using LaGrangian formalism and the calculus of variations, besides Maneuvering Modeling Group (MMG Model). The external forces considered were the wind acting directly on the ship, waves driven by wind, the rudder, the force acting on the hull, inertial forces, and seawater density. The results indicate that at the beginning of the simulation, the inertial forces were of primary importance for controlling the trajectory of the ship. After 5 h of simulations, the ship had completely changed its trajectory due to forces suffered by the ship, classified according to MMG Model.
Tilings in randomly perturbed graphs: Bridging the gap between Hajnal‐Szemerédi and Johansson‐Kahn‐Vu

A perfect Kr‐tiling in a graph G is a collection of vertex‐disjoint copies of Kr that together cover all the vertices in G. In this paper we consider perfect Kr‐tilings in the setting of randomly perturbed graphs; a model introduced by Bohman, Frieze, and Martin [7] where one starts with a dense graph and then adds m random edges to it. Specifically, given any fixed 0
Geochemical characteristics of the Miocene eolian deposits in China: Their provenance and climate implications

In the Loess Plateau in northern China, the Quaternary loess‐soil sequences, the Hipparion Red Earth of eolian origin (Red Clay), and the Miocene loess‐soil sequences constitute a near‐continuous terrestrial record of paleoclimates for the past 22 Ma. In this study, Miocene loess and paleosol samples from Qinan (QA‐I) were analyzed for their major, trace, and rare earth element chemistry and compared with the Plio‐Pleistocene samples from Xifeng with emphasis on their provenance and paleoclimatic implications. The results show similar geochemical signatures for the eolian deposits of different ages, and they are also comparable to the average composition of the upper continental crust. These suggest that the dust materials were all derived from well‐mixed sedimentary protoliths which had undergone numerous upper crustal recycling processes. They also support the notion of broadly similar source areas and dust‐transporting trajectories for different periods since the early Neogene. The slightly higher K2O, Fe2O3, and MgO concentrations and loss on ignition values and the lower Na2O content in the Miocene loess samples compared to their Quaternary counterparts are attributable to the finer grain size of the Miocene loess associated with weaker dust‐carrying winds. In comparison with some loess in Europe and America with less extensive sources, eolian deposits from northern China show higher Cs and lower Zr and Hf content. This is attributable to the sorting processes from remoter sources during transportation and could be regarded as an indication of the desert origin of the loess deposits. Miocene paleosol samples show higher chemical index of alteration values and lower CaO, MgO, and Na2O concentrations than does the intervening loess, indicating stronger weathering of the paleosols. However, the moderate chemical weathering of the paleosol samples indicates a constant semiarid and subhumid climatic range in northern China since the early Miocene.
Forested plant associations of the Colville National Forest. Forest Service general technical report

A classification of forest vegetation is presented for the Colville National Forest in northeastern Washington State. It is based on potential vegetation with the plant association as the basic unit. The classification is based on a sample of approximately 229 intensive plots and 282 reconnaisance plots distributed across the forest from 1980 to 1983. The hierarchical classification includes 5 forest tree series and 39 plant association or community types. Diagnostic keys are presented for each tree series and plant association or community type. Descriptions include information about plant association or community species composition, occurrences, distribution, environment, soils, forest productivity, management implications and relations to other vegetation classifications.
Autoimmunization and the Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

This is an unusual book in both concept and presentation. The first half presents the problem of autoimmune hemolytic anemias in a clinical perspective. Material from the vast literature is interwoven with a very substantial personal clinical experience, more than 200 cases, that the author observed during an eight-year period. With this material he tries to formulate a number of the still-unresolved problems presented by this disease: those of classification, relationship to other so-called autoimmune processes and to other underlying diseases, and, most importantly, the fundamental mechanisms of autoimmunization itself. The clinical material, some presented in summaries but much of it in selected illustrative brief case reports, is of real interest to students of this problem. These data add convincingly to the growing conviction that autoimmune hemolytic anemia is not a homogeneous clinical entity, a view which the author of this book has long advocated. In the second portion of
Dynamic Past and Future for Neural Machine Translation

Previous studies have shown that neural machine translation (NMT) models can benefit from explicitly modeling translated () and untranslated () source contents as recurrent states (CITATION). However, this less interpretable recurrent process hinders its power to model the dynamic updating of and contents during decoding. In this paper, we propose to model the dynamic principles by explicitly separating source words into groups of translated and untranslated contents through parts-to-wholes assignment. The assignment is learned through a novel variant of routing-by-agreement mechanism (CITATION), namely Guided Dynamic Routing, where the translating status at each decoding step guides the routing process to assign each source word to its associated group (i.e., translated or untranslated content) represented by a capsule, enabling translation to be made from holistic context. Experiments show that our approach achieves substantial improvements over both Rnmt and Transformer by producing more adequate translations. Extensive analysis demonstrates that our method is highly interpretable, which is able to recognize the translated and untranslated contents as expected.
Man-induced soil erosion on the Southern Piedmont, 1700-1970.

Thirty-four years on, Stan Trimble’s study of soil loss and agricultural practice across the Southern Piedmont remains the gold standard as a fusion of theoretical and empirical work in American environmental historical geography. In sheer territorial extent, chronological sweep, evidentiary depth, and methodological ingenuity it is a classic yet to be superseded. Its blend of rigorous conceptualization, diverse quantitative and qualitative data, bold assumptions, and forthright conclusions stand as a model of focused, incremental investigation, thoroughgoing cartographic analysis, interdisciplinary significance, and policy relevance. As reflected in numerous reprintings and now this new edition, it is a study that after all these years continues to merit a close reading. Michael Conzen University of Chicago
Etude du mouvement de l'eau et du transfert réactif du nitrate dans les sols volcaniques du bassin versant élémentaire de la Loma, Mexique

La comprehension des processus qui participent au devenir du nitrate dans les sols volcaniques du bassin elementaire de « la Loma », est essentielle afin de repondre aux interrogations concernant l'impact des activites agricoles sur la qualite des eaux et definir des strategies de protection des ressources en eau du bassin de Valle de Bravo. Ce dernier, a activites majoritairement agricoles, approvisionne pour 15% des besoins en eau potable de la zone metropolitaine de la ville de Mexico. Le sol de « la Loma» est un Andosol, avec une mineralogie caracterisee par des composants amorphes comme l'allophane. Le sol presente une charge variable, dont sont responsables les allophanes et la matiere organique. L'adsorption du nitrate dans le sol, etudiee de facon statique et dynamique, est lineaire et instantanee dans l'intervalle de concentrations etudiees (4 a 20 mM). La structure du sol et la geometrie du reseau poral influent fortement le transport des solutes. Le labour affecte la structure et le reseau poral des 30 premiers cm du profil de sol. Les essais d'infiltrometrie ont mis en evidence deux comportements differents dans le profil de sol: en surface aucune methode d'analyse n'a marche du fait de la forte variation spatiale des proprietes de sol suite aux activites agricoles; en profondeur la conductivite hydraulique varie de 0. 006<K<0. 02 mm S. 1 a 30 cm a K<0. 01 mm 5. 1 a partir de 55 cm. Les activites agricoles diminuent la capacite d'adsorption anionique du sol. Dans les horizons profonds ou la capacite naturelle de retenir le nitrate n'est pas alteree, la presence de flux preferentiel accelere le transport du nitrate.
The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) Study: Initial Description of the Completed Database

Background Detecting a benefit from closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with cryptogenic stroke is hampered by low rates of stroke recurrence and uncertainty about the causal role of patent foramen ovale in the index event. A method to predict patent foramen ovale-attributable recurrence risk is needed. However, individual databases generally have too few stroke recurrences to support risk modeling. Prior studies of this population have been limited by low statistical power for examining factors related to recurrence. Aims The aim of this study was to develop a database to support modeling of patent foramen ovale-attributable recurrence risk by combining extant data sets. Methods We identified investigators with extant databases including subjects with cryptogenic stroke investigated for patent foramen ovale, determined the availability and characteristics of data in each database, collaboratively specified the variables to be included in the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism database, harmonized the variables across databases, and collected new primary data when necessary and feasible. Results The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism database has individual clinical, radiologic, and echocardiographic data from 12 component databases, including subjects with cryptogenic stroke both with (n = 1925) and without (n = 1749) patent foramen ovale. In the patent foramen ovale subjects, a total of 381 outcomes (stroke, transient ischemic attack, death) occurred (median follow-up 2·2 years). While there were substantial variations in data collection between studies, there was sufficient overlap to define a common set of variables suitable for risk modeling. Conclusion While individual studies are inadequate for modeling patent foramen ovale-attributable recurrence risk, collaboration between investigators has yielded a database with sufficient power to identify those patients at highest risk for a patent foramen ovale-related stroke recurrence who may have the greatest potential benefit from patent foramen ovale closure.