Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD34+ Cell Mobilization, Autograft Cellular Composition and Outcome in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Patients

Backgound: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a standard treatment in transplant-eligible mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients after first-line chemoimmunotherapy. Study Design and Methods: This prospective multicenter study evaluated the impact of CD34+ cell mobilization and graft cellular composition analyzed by flow cytometry on hematologic recovery and outcome in 42 MCL patients. Results: During CD34+ cell mobilization, a higher blood CD34+ cell count (>30 × 106/L) was associated with improved overall survival (median not reached [NR] vs. 57 months, p = 0.04). The use of plerixafor did not impact outcome. Higher number of viable cryopreserved graft CD34+ cells (>3.0 × 106/kg) was associated with faster platelet (median 11 vs. 15 days, p = 0.03) and neutrophil (median 9 vs. 10 days, p = 0.02) recovery posttransplant. Very low graft CD3+CD8+ cell count (≤10 × 106/kg) correlated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 4.136, 95% CI 1.547–11.059, p = 0.005). On the other hand, higher absolute lymphocyte count >2.5 × 109/L at 30 days after ASCT (ALC-30) was linked with better PFS (median NR vs. 99 months, p = 0.045) and overall survival (median NR in either group, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Better mobilization capacity and higher graft CD3+CD8+ cell count had a positive prognostic impact in this study, in addition to earlier lymphocyte recovery (ALC-30>2.5 × 106/L). These results need to be validated in another study with a larger patient cohort.
A laser welding defect detection model based on improved YOLOv5

With the expanding market demand for new energy power batteries, the industrial requirement for detecting laser welding defects of lithium battery’s pole are also increasing. Since the traditional machine vision defect detection has the problems of low detection accuracy and slow speed, this paper proposes a laser welding defect detection model based on the improved YOLOv5 algorithm to meet the requirements of industrial production. First, all C3 modules of the backbone was substituted for the newly proposed PConv module, which not only reduces the amount of redundant computation, improves the detection speed, but also increases the feature extraction efficiency of the backbone network for input images; second, we add the attention mechanism SE to the penultimate layer of the backbone network, which enhances the useful features of the backbone network for input images without additionally increasing the computation. This approach enhances the backbone network's ability to extract useful features from the input images and improves the accuracy of the model. The experimental results show that the improved model improves the average detection accuracy by 1.1% to 97% compared with the original YOLOv5 model. The FPS reaches 333, which can meet the current industrial demand for real-time defect detection.
Numerical simulation study on wall interference of multi-size wind tunnel

Wind tunnel experiment plays a very important role in the development of aircraft, but the existence of wind tunnel wall has a significant interference effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft, so it is necessary to do relevant research on the interference of tunnel wall. According to the characteristics of wind tunnel experiment, the flow field of a standard model in unsupported state in medium-sized wind tunnel open test section, medium-sized wind tunnel closed test section, large-sized wind tunnel closed test section and free flow field is numerically simulated By analyzing the variation of lift coefficient interference and drag coefficient interference with angle of attack, the following conclusions are obtained: the lift interference laws of the two sizes of closed wind tunnels are similar, and the interference increases with the increase of angle of attack, reaching the maximum when the angle of attack is 60 degrees, and then decreasing after the angle of attack is 60 degrees, and the lift interference of the open wind tunnel is the smallest, and the maximum appears at the angle of attack of 80 degrees. The law of resistance interference in closed wind tunnels with two sizes is similar, and the interference amount increases with the increase of angle of attack, while the resistance interference amount in open wind tunnels is the smallest. The outer boundary of the main flow area in the upstream of the aircraft is basically the same at different angles of attack, and in the downstream of the aircraft, the outer boundary of the main flow area gradually increases with the increase of angle of attack.
Holocene alluvial sediment deposition in contrasting environments in northwestern Europe

The total mass of Holocene alluvial sediment storage was estimated for three Belgian catchments (Dijle, Gulp and Ambleve), with areas ranging between 47 and 1070 km2. The Dijle and Gulp catchments have comparable, rather intensive, land-use histories, while the land use in the Ambleve catchment is less intensive and developed more recently. Topography is more pronounced in the Ambleve catchment and more gentle in the Dijle catchment. In total, 1070 hand augerings were made to study fluvial deposition at 96 cross-sections across the flood plain. Average flood-plain deposition masses for the different catchments were calculated at different spatial scales. The results show that alluvial sediment storage is much higher for the Dijle catchment (464 103 Mg/km 2 catchment area) compared to the Gulp (128 103 Mg/km 2 ) and Ambleve catchment (33 103 Mg/km 2 ). Comparison with other data from West European catchments shows that alluvial sediment storage is much larger for the Dijle catchment, while that for the Ambleve is very low. These differences between catchments can be attributed to their land-use history. Land use plays a role in both the soil erosion rates and in the sediment transport towards the fluvial system. Radiocarbon dating results for the Dijle flood plain indicate that major changes in land use are responsible for changing flood plain sedimentation.
On the possible presence of ice on the Moon

It is generally presumed that gases of low molecular weight escape very rapidly from the moon. As a consequence, it has been assumed that volatile substances, such as water, which possess short relaxation times for escape, do not exist there. Urey [1952] recognized that there may be depressions in which the sun never shines, and in which some condensed volatile substances could be present, but he concluded that no solid or liquid water could exist on the moon for more than very short periods of time. Kuiper [1952], following a suggestion by Herzberg, stated that SO_2 molecules might be concentrated on the night side of the moon.
EFFECT OF DEGREE OF WEATHERING ON DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF RESIDUAL SOILS

The process of soil formation in the tropics is quite different than that of more temperate regions. The weathering processes tend to be intensified by the warm and humid climates that are prevalent in tropical regions. Chemical weathering processes that dominate in these regions, such as decomposition and dissolution, are fairly well understood phenomena. However, the effect this weathering has on the physical, mechanical, and dynamic properties of the rock/soil is not fully understood. This paper presents some laboratory test results and correlations that indicate behavioral trends to be caused by the effects that weathering has on a residual soil from the western coast of Puerto Rico. The study focuses on the dynamic shear modulus G and material damping ratio D of both natural (undisturbed) and remolded samples, for low- to mid-level amplitudes of vibration. The understanding of these effects will allow for a better prediction of phenomena such as soil amplification that may trigger landslides in such soil formations. This study was accomplished with the aid of a computerized resonant column device. Correlations and empirical formulations are presented that demonstrate the effects that the degree of weathering has on the dynamic properties of these residual soils for undisturbed andmore » remolded samples. « less
Guiding Visual Attention on 2D Screens: Effects of Gaze Cues from Avatars and Humans

Guiding visual attention to specific parts of an interface is essential. One powerful tool for guiding attention is gaze cues, that direct visual attention in the same direction as a presented gaze. In this paper, we explored how to direct users’ visual attention on 2D screens using gaze cues from avatars and humans. For this, we conducted a lab experiment (N = 30) based on three independent variables: (1) stimulus shown either as avatars or human faces, (2) target direction with a target appearing left or right from a stimulus, and (3) gaze validity indicating whether a stimulus’ gaze was directed towards a target (valid gaze) or not (invalid gaze). Our results show that participants’ total and average fixation on a target lasted longer in the presence of the human image than the avatar stimulus when a target appeared on the right side and when a stimulus’ gaze was towards the target. Moreover, participants’ average fixation was longer on the human than avatar stimulus gazing in the opposite direction from a target than towards it.
The role of synoptic eddies in the tropospheric response to stratospheric variability

The tropospheric response to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) is analyzed in an idealized model setup regarding the respective roles of planetary‐scale and synoptic‐scale waves. The control model run includes a full interactive wave spectrum, while a second run includes interactive planetary‐scale waves but only the time‐mean synoptic‐scale wave forcing from the control run. In both runs, the tropospheric response is characterized by the negative phase of the respective tropospheric annular mode. But given their different latitudinal structure, the control run shows the expected response, i.e., an equatorward shift of the tropospheric jet, whereas the response in the absence of interactive synoptic eddies is characterized by a poleward jet shift. This opposite jet shift is associated with a different planetary wave variability that couples with the zonal flow between the stratosphere and the surface. These results indicate that the synoptic eddy feedback is necessary for the observed tropospheric response to SSWs.
Evaluation of volcanic aerosol impacts on atmospheric water vapor using CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations

The uncertainty in estimates of volcanic forcing and in the way general circulation models (GCMs) implement volcanic forcing affects the accuracy of the simulated atmospheric water vapor response to volcanic eruptions, which in turn influences the design of hydrologic infrastructure. This paper aims to investigate whether and to what extent the models can simulate the volcanic impacts on atmospheric water vapor. While a Kolmogorov‐Smirnov (K‐S) test on atmospheric water vapor from GCMs, reanalysis products, and observations all imply that volcanic aerosols have a statistically significant impact on atmospheric water vapor, and the areal extent of global atmospheric water vapor affected by volcanic eruptions is oversimulated by GCMs. Additionally, the spatial and temporal patterns of the volcano‐related water vapor variability are not well simulated by GCMs. Furthermore, the strong negative correlation between aerosol optical depth and water vapor residual is observed only in the equatorial Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and parts of the western Pacific Ocean rather than across the entire globe as simulated by volcanic forcing included Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel average (or over nearly the entire tropics by volcanic forcing included the BCC‐CSM1.1). Although the uncompleted removal of El Niño–Southern Oscillation signal may compromise the results, it is still safe, after performing the control run of K‐S test, to draw the conclusion that while volcanic forcing does exert a significant impact on atmospheric water vapor, the underlying relationship is considerably more complex than that evident in GCM simulations.
Present Antarctic aerosol composition: A memory of ice age atmospheric dust?

The data obtained from the chemical analysis (Na, Al, and Ca concentrations) of deep Antarctic ice cores has been reexamined. The correlations found between the concentrations of these elements suggest that the Patagonian continental shelf was the dominant aerosol source during the last ice age, the dust being an intimate mixture of marine clay and carbonates. In addition, it is proposed that sea salt deposited on the continental shelf sediments during drop in sea level was emitted and transported jointly with this dust. The present Antarctic aerosol composition is very similar to the one deduced from ice core studies for glacial climatic conditions. It is concluded that present Antarctic aerosol originates mainly from ice age aeolian deposits in South American cold deserts.
Airborne laser altimetry and interferometric SAR measurements of canopy structure and sub-canopy topography in the Pacific northwest

The proposed TOPSAT global topography mission, currently under consideration by NASA and the Italian Space Agency, combines InSAR and laser altimeter instruments in order to produce a high-resolution, digital topographic database for the Earth's land surfaces (1). The results presented demonstrate significant potential for altimeter-calibrated InSAR measurement of elevations and canopy heights over vegetated landscapes, as could be provided by the TOPSAT mission. <<ETX>>
Increased flexibility of CA3 memory representations following environmental enrichment

Environmental enrichment (EE) improves memory, particularly under conditions of high memory interference1–6. Here, we investigate the neural mechanisms facilitating improved memory following EE. Using associative recognition memory tasks that model the automatic and integrative nature of episodic memory, we find that EE-dependent improvements in difficult associative memory discriminations are related to increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis and sparser memory representations across the hippocampus. Additionally, by recording CA3 place cells as enriched and standard-housed rats explored the increasingly distinct shapes of a “morph” box, we report for the first time that EE changes the way CA3 place cells discriminate similar contexts. CA3 place cells of enriched rats show greater spatial tuning, increased firing rates, and enhanced remapping to contextual changes. These findings point to more precise and flexible CA3 memory representations in enriched rats. Increased spatial tuning and flexibility might support the well-established EE-dependent improvements in fine memory discrimination. Highlights EE improves discrimination of similar associative memories EE-dependent memory improvements are related to increased adult neurogenesis EE results in sparser hippocampal activity EE increases spatial tuning, firing and remapping of CA3 place cells
Suppression of the Integrated Stress Response in Islet β Cells Decreases Risk of Autoimmune Diabetes

Prevention or delay of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset is possible if molecular triggering events can be pharmacologically targeted. The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated during cellular stress to temporarily halt protein production and redirect energy towards cellular survival. We hypothesized that activity of the ISR in the insulin-producing β cell during T1D becomes maladaptive and renders the cell prone to autoimmunity. We show that suppression of the ISR by using a novel inhibitor of the kinase PERK reverses the translation initiation block in stressed human islets and delays the onset of diabetes, reduces islet inflammation, and preserves β cell mass in T1D-susceptible mice. Single cell RNA sequencing of islets from PERK-inhibited mice shows reductions in the unfolded protein response and PERK signaling pathways as well as alterations in antigen processing and presentation pathways in β cells. Spatial proteomics analysis of islets from these mice show a post-transcriptional increase in the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 in β cells. Golgi membrane protein 1, whose levels increase following ISR inhibition in human islets and EndoC-βH1 human β cells, interacts with and post-transcriptionally stabilizes PD-L1. Collectively, our studies show that the ISR, mediated by PERK, enhances β cell immunogenicity, and inhibition of PERK may offer a strategy to prevent or delay the development of T1D.
Ectopic adipogenesis in response to injury and material implantation in an autoimmune mouse model

Due to the limited capacity of mammals to regenerate complex tissues, researchers have worked to understand the mechanisms of tissue regeneration in organisms that maintain that capacity. One example is the MRL/MpJ mouse strain with unique regenerative capacity in ear pinnae that is absent from other strains, such as the common C57BL/6 strain. The MRL/MpJ mouse has also been associated with an autoimmune phenotype even in the absence of the mutant Fas gene described in its parent strain MRL/lpr. Due to these findings, we evaluated the differences between the responses of MRL/MpJ versus C57BL/6 strain in traumatic muscle injury and subsequent material implantation. One salient feature of the MRL/MpJ response to injury was a robust adipogenesis within the muscle. This was associated with a decrease in M2-like polarization in response to biologically derived extracellular matrix scaffolds. In pro-fibrotic materials, such as polyethylene, there were fewer foreign body giant cells in the MRL/MpJ mice. As there are reports of both positive and negative influences of adipose tissue and adipogenesis on wound healing, this model could provide an important lens to investigate the interplay between stem cells, adipose tissue, and immune responses in trauma and materials implantation.
From head to tail - Atomistic mechanism of long-range coupling from the cytosolic sensor domain to the selectivity filter in TREK K2P channels

The two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels TREK-1 and TREK-2 link neuronal excitability to a variety of stimuli including mechanical force, lipids, temperature and phosphorylation. This regulation involves the C-terminus as a polymodal stimulus sensor and the selectivity filter (SF) as channel gate. Using crystallographic up- and down-state structures of TREK-2 as a template for full atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that the SF in down-state undergoes inactivation via conformational changes at the S1 ion coordination site, while the up-state structure maintains a stable and conductive SF. This provides an atomistic understanding of the low channel activity previously assigned to the down state, but not evident from the crystal structure. Furthermore, by using (de-)phosphorylation mimics and chemically attaching lipid tethers to the proximal C-terminus (pCt), we confirm the hypothesis that moving the pCt towards the membrane induces the up-state. We also uncover two gating pathways by which movement of the pCt controls the stability (i.e. conductivity) of the filter gate. Together, these findings provide atomistic insights into the SF gating mechanism and the physiological regulation of TREK channels by phosphorylation.
High-resolution label-free transcranial imaging of in vivo neural activity via interferometric measurement of tissue deformation

Rapid sub-nanometer neuronal deformations have been shown to occur as a consequence of action potentials in vitro, allowing for registration of discrete axonal and synaptic depolarizations and thus providing a novel signature for recording neural activity (1–3). We demonstrate that this signature can be extended to in vivo measurements through recording of rapid neuronal deformations on the population level with optical phase-based recordings. Complicating these measurements is the optical phase noise due to microvascular flow as well as the presence of significant tissue clutter (deformation) associated with physiologic processes (e.g., heart and respiratory rate). These recordings were acquired using a full-field holographic imaging system with spatiotemporal resolutions of less than 1 ms and 0.1 mm3 over a 3 mm diameter field of view (FOV). Our system demonstrates, for the first time, the ability to non-invasively record in vivo tissue deformation associated with population level neuronal activity. We confirmed this technique across a range of neural activation models, including direct epidural focal electrical stimulation (FES), activation of primary somatosensory cortex via whisker barrel stimulation, and pharmacologically-induced seizures. Calibrated displacement measurements of the associated tissue deformations provided additional insight into the underlying neural activation mechanisms. Collectively, we show that holographic imaging provides a pathway for high-resolution, label-free, non-invasive recording of transcranial in vivo neural activity at depth, making it highly advantageous for studying neural function and signaling.
The Essential Role of Latrophilin-1 Adhesion GPCR Nanoclusters in Inhibitory Synapses

Latrophilin-1 (Lphn1, a.k.a. CIRL1 and CL1; gene symbol Adgrl1) is an Adhesion GPCR that has been implicated in excitatory synaptic transmission as a candidate receptor for α-latrotoxin. Here we analyzed conditional knockin/knockout mice for Lphn1 that contain an extracellular myc-epitope tag. Surprisingly, we found that Lphn1 is localized in cultured neurons to synaptic nanoclusters that are present in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Conditional deletion of Lphn1 in cultured neurons failed to elicit a detectable impairment in excitatory synapses but produced a decrease in inhibitory synapse numbers and synaptic transmission that was most pronounced for synapses close to the neuronal soma. No changes in axonal or dendritic outgrowth or branching were observed. Our data indicate that Lphn1 is among the few postsynaptic adhesion molecules that are present in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and that Lphn1 by itself is not essential for excitatory synaptic transmission but contributes to inhibitory synaptic connections.
Immune response and resistance of clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients following immune checkpoint blockade

175,000 patients die because of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) each year. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC or KIRC) is the most frequent subtype of RCC. Current therapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICB) or VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, many patients did not respond to ICB and immune resistance still occurred. Immune resistance may be explained by expression of various immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive pathways in KIRC patients. Thus, it is important to identify mechanisms driving immune response and resistance following ICB. To address this question, we performed an analysis of 3 KIRC cohorts treated with 3 different ICB. Overall, 20-30% of KIRC patients respond to ICB. Responders with metastasized stage IV cancer with tumorectomy prior to anti-PD-L1 are characterized by an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration, and by better antigen presentation and T cell responses (BTN3A1, PRF1 and CD27 genes). However, the expression of CTLA4, TIGIT and BTLA in Th1, Th17 and M2 subsets may limit complete response in responders. Importantly, non-responders patients are characterized by higher infiltration by macrophages, and by overexpression of regulatory gene (ADORA2A) in Th2, CD8+ T cell, M1 and M2 clusters. Targeting these pathways may help to develop combination therapies to improve KIRC patient outcomes.