Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiologic Management of Iliac Artery Occlusive Disease

Treatment/Procedure Rating Comments US duplex Doppler lower extremity 8 Plethysmography and pulse volume recording 6 CTA pelvis with runoff 7 MRA pelvis with runoff 7 Catheter directed angiography 5 This procedure should be performed only at the time of endovascular therapy. Risk factor analysis, lipid profile and ABIs 9 No further treatment or evaluation needed 1 Best medical management including supervised exercise program only 9 Anticoagulation adjunctive therapy 3 Antiplatelet adjunctive therapy 7
Expanded health data from the new birth certificate, 2005.

OBJECTIVES This report presents data for 2005 on checkbox items exclusive to the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth. Information is shown for checkboxes in the following categories: Risk factors in this pregnancy, Obstetric procedures, Characteristics of labor and delivery, Method of delivery, Abnormal conditions of the newborn, and Congenital anomalies of the newborn. These categories are included on both the 1989 and the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth; however, many of the specific checkbox items were modified, or are new to the 2003 certificate. Data on selected new checkbox items are presented in this report. METHODS Descriptive tabulations are presented on births occurring in 2005 to residents of the 12 states (Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York (excluding New York City), Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington), which implemented the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth as of January 1, 2005. RESULTS There were 1,268,502 births to residents of the 12-state area in 2005 (31 percent of all U.S. births). Gestational and prepregnancy diabetes were reported at rates of 39.3 and 6.9 per 1,000. Infants of women with diabetes, especially prepregnancy diabetes, were more likely to be high birthweight and to be admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) than infants of women without diabetes. The rate of cervical cerclage was 3.7 per 1,000; this procedure was used more frequently in twin and higher order births than in singleton births. Almost all attempts at forceps or vacuum delivery (almost 99 percent) were successful. Almost one-third of all women who had a cesarean delivery had attempted a trial of labor. Antibiotics were given to 17 percent of women during labor. Steroids (glucocorticoids) for fetal lung maturation were received prior to delivery by 1 percent of all mothers. Surfactant replacement therapy was received by newborns at a rate of 3.7 per 1,000; rates were higher for infants delivered very preterm (less than 32 weeks of gestation). Large differences by race and Hispanic origin were seen for the receipt of steroids and for surfactant replacement therapy. More than 6 percent of all infants were admitted to a NICU. Nearly one-half of all singleton infants admitted to a NICU were delivered at term. Cyanotic congenital heart disease (56.9 per 100,000 infants) and hypospadias (126.2 per 100,000 male births only) were among the most frequently reported congenital anomalies.
Outbreak of Salmonella javiana infection at a children's hospital Outbreak of Salmonella javiana infection at a children's hospital

objective. To determine the source of an outbreak of Salmonella javiana infection. design. Case-control study. participants. A total of 101 culture-conﬁrmed cases and 540 epidemiologically linked cases were detected between May 26, 2003, and June 16, 2003, in hospital employees, patients, and visitors. Asymptomatic employees who had eaten in the hospital cafeteria between May 30 and June 4, 2003, and had had no gastroenteritis symptoms after May 1, 2003, were chosen as control subjects. setting. A 235-bed academic tertiary care children’s hospital. results. Isolates from 100 of 101 culture-conﬁrmed cases had identical pulsed-ﬁeld gel electrophoresis patterns. A foodhandler with symptoms of gastroenteritis was the presumed index subject. In multivariate analysis, case subjects were more likely than control subjects to have consumed items from the salad bar (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.3; 95% conﬁdence interval [CI], 2.3-12.1) and to have eaten in the cafeteria on May 28 (aOR, 9.4; 95% CI, 1.8-49.5), May 30 (aOR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.0-12.7), and/or June 3 (aOR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.4-11.3). conclusions. Foodhandlers who worked while they had symptoms of gastroenteritis likely contributed to the propagation of the outbreak. This large outbreak was rapidly controlled through the use of an incident command center.
Statistica Sinica Preprint No: SS-2023-0014

: High-dimensional classification is both challenging and of interest in numerous applications. Componentwise distance-based classifiers, which utilize partial information with known categories, such as mean, median and quantiles, provide a convenient way. However, when the input features are heavy-tailed or contain outliers, performance of the centroid classifier can be poor. Beyond that, it frequently occurs that a population consists of two or more subpopulations, the mean, median and quantiles in this scenario fail to capture such a structure that can be instead preserved by mode, which is an appealing measure of considerable significance but might be neglected. This paper thus introduces and investigates componentwise mode-based classifiers that can reveal important structures missed by existing distance-based classifiers. We explore several strategies for defining the family of mode-based classifiers, including the unimodal classifiers, the multimodal classifier and the quantile-mode classifier. The unimodal classifiers are proposed based on componentwise unimodal distance and kernel mode estimation, and the multimodal classifier is constructed by identifying all the local modes of a distribution according to a novel introduced algorithm. We establish the asymptotic properties of these methods and demonstrate through simulation studies and three real datasets that the mode-based classifiers compare favorably to the current state-of-art methods.
Political Instability and Economic Growth

POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH This paper investigates the relationship between political instability and per capita GDP growth in a sample of 113 countries for the period 1950-1982. We define “political instability” as the propensity of a government collapse, and we estimate a model in which political instability and economic growth are jointly determined. The main result of this paper is that in countries and time periods with a high propensity of government collapse, growth is significantly lower than otherwise. This effect remains strong when we restrict our definition of “government change” to cases of substantial changes of the government. Albert0 Alesina Department of Economics Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER Sule Ozler National Fellows Program Hoover Institution Room 203L Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 and NBER Nouriel Roubini Department of Economics Yale University P.O. Box 1972 Yale Station New Haven, CT 06520 and NBER Phillip Swagel Federal Reserve Board 20th Street and Constitution Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 2055 1
To change or not to change. The evolution of forecasting models at the Bank of England

Why do policymakers and economists within a policymaking institution decide to throw away a model and to adopt or to develop an alternative model? Why do they decide to stick with an existing one? This recurring question surfaced once again after the Great Financial Crisis (GFC), which spurred discussion on maintaining, altering (reforming) or replacing Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models that had spread throughout policymaking institutions in the previous decade.1 Explanations about why models change (or do not change) have hitherto focused on the evolution of academic debates (e.g., De Vroey 2016; WrenLewis 2018; Ingrao and Sardoni 2019) or on the political and institutional transfor∗UCLouvain, ISPOLE; FNRS. †Université Paris-Est Créteil, LIPHA. ‡CNRS; Ecole Polytechnique, CREST. §Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economia. ¶Université de Sherbrooke; CIRST. ‖UCLouvain, ISPOLE; USL-B, IEE. 1See e.g. Stiglitz (2011), Romer (2016), or Vines and Wills (2018), for post-crisis debates on the relevance of DSGE. Despite these criticisms and despite the advocacy for new approaches (e.g. Haldane 2012; Mehrling 2010), DSGE models (even if amended and extended) remained widely used in academia and in policymaking institutions, notably in central banks, for forecasting and policy analysis (e.g. Gürkaynak and Tille 2017). Scholars have thus analysed this persistence of the DSGE approach in academia (e.g. Helgadóttir and Ban 2021) and in policymaking institutions (e.g. Mudge and Vauchez 2018).
Perception and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among female nurses in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Background Cervical Cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer among women with early detection and prompt treatment as best management options. Female nurses have crucial roles to play in promoting the utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services (CCSS), yet little information exist regarding their perception and utilization of these services. The CCSS related knowledge, perception and utilization among female nurses at the University College Hospital, (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria were therefore determined. Methods A survey of 503 consenting nurses was done using a pretested self-administered questionnaire which included a 40-point knowledge scale and questions on perception of CC. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, ANOVA and logistic regression. Results Respondents’ mean age was 38.0 ± 8.6 years, mean year of experience was 12.5 ± 8.9 years and overall mean knowledge score was 22.8±4.1. Mean knowledge scores by cadre were Assistant Directors (26.7 ± 1.5), Chief Nursing Officers (23.4 ± 2.3) and Staff Nurses (21.7 ± 5.3) (p<0.05). Eighty-eight percent correctly perceived CC to be preventable and 82.0% believed that screening should be carried out as soon as sexual intercourse starts irrespective of age. Only 32.6% had ever used CCSS facility and main reasons for non-use included lack of time (50.8%), fear of result (13.9%) and not being sexually active (6.3%). Staff Nurses were four times less likely to utilize cervical screening services than the Assistant Directors of Nursing (OR 0.23, CI 0.117-0.442). Conclusion Utilization of cervical cancer screening services among the female nurses was poor. Strategies that encourage utilization are hereby advocated.
Land Titling, Race, and Political Violence: Theory and Evidence from Colombia

Previous research has found that elites often use de facto political power to counter de jure (re)distribution of material, political, and social power. Yet less is known about the underlying conditions that influence elite decisions regarding the type of reforms to offset. We argue that elites are more likely to use de facto power to undermine racially targeted reforms in states that are stratified by both race and class. Structurally disadvantaged racial groups are more likely to be the beneficiaries of de jure reforms and thus the targets of counter-reform violence. We test our theory using original data collected by the Observatorio de Territorios Étnicos y Campesinos (OTEC) on the largest communal land reform program undertaken in Latin America: the titling of collective lands belonging to black communities in Colombia. Using both difference-in-difference and regression discontinuity approaches, we show that the legal recognition of black collective property rights increased right-wing paramilitary attacks in municipalities where black communities mobilized to requisition formal land titles. As a further step, we show that the impact of titling on political violence can be explained by greater state coercive capacity and institutional capture by counter-reform elites. These findings together offer new insights into the puzzling racialization of the Colombian civil conflict since the 1990s. ∗PhD Candidate. email: ali.ahmed@nyu.edu †Assistant Professor. email: marcus.johnson@baruch.cuny. edu ‡Assistant Professor. email: mateo.vasquez@itam.mx We are grateful to Gladys Mitchell-Walthour, Giuliana Pardelli, Pablo Querubín, Franziska Roscher, Cyrus Samii, David Stasavage, Jeffrey F. Timmons, Stephanie Zonszein and participants at the inaugural Afro-Latin American Research Institute Meeting (ALARI), the annual meeting of the National Conference of Black Political Scientists (NCOBPS) and the NYU-AD postdoc workshop for their helpful comments. We especially thank the research team at the Observatorio de Territorios Étnicos y Campesinos—Dra. Johana Herrera Arango, Cristiam Guerrero Lovera, Paula Kamila Guerrero García, and Elías Helo Molina—for generously agreeing to share their data and insights from their ongoing fieldwork on black collective communities. We thank Jaime Millán-Quijano for help with access to the trafficking network data. The authors declare that they have no relevant material or financial interests that relate to the research described in this study. All errors are our own.
Model pembelajaran untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir rasional dan keterampilan proses sains Siswa SMP pada konsep sumber arus listrik searah

Penelitian ini bertitik-tolak pada perlunya memperkenalkan pengetahuan kimia kepada siswa SLTP untuk memahami prinsip kerja batu baterai, sel aki dan sel Volta. Pada sumber arus listrik searah ini terjadi perubahan energi kimia menjadi energi listrik. Untuk itu dirancang model pembelajaran untuk memahami timbulnya beda potensial, bila dua logam berlainan jenis dicelupkan ke dalam larutan elektrolit berupa buah-buahan/umbi. Melalui metode penelitian kelas, model diimplementasikan terhadap 39 orang siswa SLTP kelas III oleh guru fisika kelas tsb. Dari analisis data hasil belajar terhadap t0,95(38) = 2,024, ternyata model dapat: (1) meningkatkan pemahaman konsep(thitung=15,523); (2) meningkatkan KBR pada aspek mengamati (t=11,381), mengklasifikasi (t=2,913) dan menggeneralisasi (t=3,764); (3) meningkatkan KPS pada aspek mengklasifikasi (t=2,913), menafsirkan (t=4,873), dan memprediksi (t=6,851). Siswa dan guru memberikan tanggapan positif terhadap model. Ditemukan terjadinya dissonansi kognitif pada siswa akibat kekeliruan penggunaan istilah katode dan anode oleh guru fisika dan pada buku-buku teks fisika SLTP. Sehingga disarankan: (1) pengetahuan kimia perlu diperkenalkan kepada siswa untuk memahami konsep-konsep fisika atau biologi di SLTP yang relevan (2) para guru fisika dan penulis buku teks fisika SLTP perlu memahami kembali perbedaan prinsip kerja sel elektrokimia dengan sel elektrolisis.
Campaign Contributions as Investments: The U.S. House of Representatives, 1980-1986

This paper treats the market for special-interest campaign contributions and political "favors" as a simple asset market. The model yields a simple equilibrium relationship among three variables: the total amount of investor contributions a candidate receives, the monetary value of the favors he has promised, and his probability of winning. Using data on open-seat races for the U.S. House of Representatives, I confront the model with a series of tests. Despite the starkness of the model, the results of these tests are highly supportive.
Social Learning with Model Misspecification: A Framework and a Characterization

We explore how model misspecification affects long-run learning in a sequential social learning setting. Individuals learn from diverse sources, including private signals, public signals and the actions and outcomes of others. An agent's type specifies her model of the world. Misspecified types have incorrect beliefs about the signal distribution, how other agents draw inference and/or others' preferences. Our main result is a simple criterion to characterize long-run learning outcomes that is straightforward to derive from the primitives of the misspecification. Depending on the nature of the misspecification, we show that learning may be correct, incorrect or beliefs may not converge. Multiple degenerate limit beliefs may arise and agents may asymptotically disagree, despite observing the same sequence of information. We also establish that the correctly specified model is robust - agents with approximately correct models almost surely learn the true state. We close with a demonstration of how our framework can capture three broad categories of model misspecification: strategic misspecification, such as level-k and cognitive hierarchy, signal misspecification, such as partisan bias, and preference misspecification from social perception biases, such as the false consensus effect and pluralistic ignorance. For each case, we illustrate how to calculate the set of asymptotic learning outcomes and derive comparative statics for how this set changes with the parameters of the misspecification.
Both apoptosis and necrosis occur early after intracerebral grafting of ventral mesencephalic tissue : a role for protease activation

Neural transplantation is an experimental treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Widespread clinical application of the grafting technique is hampered by a relatively poor survival (around 10%) of implanted embryonic dopamine neurones. Earlier animal studies have indicated that a large proportion of the grafted cells die during graft tissue preparation and within the first few days after intracerebral implantation. The present study was designed to reveal the prevalence of cell death in rat intrastriatal grafts at 90 min, 1, 3, 6 and 42 days after implantation. We examined apoptotic cell death using semithin and paraffin sections stained with methylene blue and an antibody against activated caspase 3, respectively. We identified abundant apoptotic cell death up to 3 days after transplantation. In addition, we studied calpain activation using an antibody specific for calpain-cleaved fodrin. We report a peak in calpain activity 90 min after grafting. Surprisingly, we did not observe any significant difference in the number of dopaminergic neurones over time. The present results imply that grafted cells may be victims of either an early necrotic or a later apoptotic cell death and that there is substantial cell death as early as 90 min after implantation.
MULTIDOMAIN SINGULAR BOUNDARY METHOD FOR 2D LAMINAR VISCOUS FLOW

In this paper, a numerical algorithm is developed for the solution of two-dimensional isothermal laminar viscous flow. The proposed numerical method implementation, which is quadrature-free, is based on the stream-velocity formulation of Navier–Stokes equations, the method of the particular solutions and the singular boundary method (SBM). The steady stream-velocity formulation of NS equation is 4th order biharmonic non-homogeneous nonlinear equation type which is solved using the proposed method with the non-homogeneous and nonlinear terms approximated using the method of particular solutions with multiquadrics RBF function. The accuracy of the method is proven using 2D backwardfacing step and lid-driven cavity test cases.
of Nebraska - Lincoln of Nebraska - Lincoln Exploring social constructions of followership: A qualitative study Exploring social constructions of followership: A qualitative study

This study adopts a qualitative approach to deconstruct the meaning of followership. Interviews were conducted with employees in various industries to examine how individuals socially construct their roles as followers and to explore followership schemas and contextual influences that relate to these constructions. Results suggest that while some individuals socially construct definitions around passivity, deference and obedience, others emphasize the importance of constructively questioning and challenging their leaders. With regard to personal qualities that are thought to make followers effective, major themes such as obedience, expressing opinions, and taking initiative were found to be most disparate across different groups of followers. Results also revealed that contextual factors may affect both followership constructions and behavior in the follower role. These findings have important implications regarding a need to examine the construct of followership in leadership research, as well as raise interesting possibilities for advancing an “expanded” view of leadership in organizations. approaches to and the self-management). We show while follower-centered research the effects of follower characteristics on their of and and self-management expand beyond the role of hierarchical leaders, these approaches leader-centric in that they do not examine the cognitions or behaviors associated with “followership” the acting relation To address these cognitions and we follow the Uhl-Bien Pillai and consider the social constructions individuals make of followership. We do this by theoretically exploring how followership schema and contextual factors associated followership organizational settings. We then use interview data gathered from individuals acting in follower roles in various industries and across organizational levels to analyze reports of followership schema, the types of constructions individuals hold of followership, and the personal qualities/behaviors and contextual variables related to these constructions. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research and practice aimed at further developing and investigating the construct of followership.
Constraints on the depositional ages of lesser Himalayan rocks in central nepal and their structural implications

Title of Document: CONSTRAINTS ON THE DEPOSITIONAL AGES OF LESSER HIMALAYAN ROCKS IN CENTRAL NEPAL AND THEIR STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS Katherine Burgy, Master of Science, 2009 Directed by: Dr. Aaron Martin, Department of Geology The lack of good exposures and paucity of datable horizons in central Nepal has hindered the ability of geologists to piece together a relatively cohesive and straightforward stratigraphic succession within the Lesser Himalaya. U-Pb isotopic analyses of detrital zircons from the Modi Khola valley indicates maximum depositional ages of ~1875 Ma for the Kuncha Formation, ~1800 Ma for the Fagfog Formation, and ~ 1780 Ma for the Kushma Formation. The intrusive 1831 ± 17 Ma Ulleri augen gneiss provides a minimum depositional age bound for the Kuncha. Combined, these data suggest the Kuncha Formation is the oldest member of the Lesser Himalayan series in central Nepal. Additionally, δC data suggest the Malekhu Formation of the Lakharpata Group was deposited before ca. 1250 Ma. A field mapping comparison based on the redefined stratigraphy indicates the Ramgarh thrust is located >10 km farther south than previously mapped, potentially reducing regional shortening estimates. CONSTRAINTS ON THE DEPOSITIONAL AGES OF LESSER HIMALAYAN ROCKS IN CENTRAL NEPAL AND THEIR STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS