Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory control of active expiration by the Bötzinger complex in rats

The expiratory neurons of the Bötzinger complex (BötC) provide inhibitory inputs to the respiratory network, which, during eupnea, are critically important for respiratory phase transition and duration control. Herein, we investigated how the BötC neurons interact with the expiratory oscillator located in the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) and control the abdominal activity during active expiration. Using the decerebrated, arterially perfused in situ rat preparations, we recorded the neuronal activity and performed pharmacological manipulations of the BötC and pFRG during hypercapnia or after the exposure to short-term sustained hypoxia – conditions that generate active expiration. The experimental data were integrated in a mathematical model to gain new insights in the inhibitory connectome within the respiratory central pattern generator. Our results reveal a complex inhibitory circuitry within the BötC that provides inhibitory inputs to the pFRG thus restraining abdominal activity under resting conditions and contributing to abdominal expiratory pattern formation during active expiration.
Responses to Sexual Advances and Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships: Is Yes Good and No Bad?

We examine the relations between accepting and rejecting a partner’s sexual advances with sexual and relationship satisfaction and assess how long these effects endure. Couples (N = 115) completed a 21-day daily diary indicating whether a partner made a sexual advance each day, and if so, whether the advance was accepted or rejected. Having one’s sexual advance accepted was associated with increased sexual and relationship satisfaction that day and increased sexual satisfaction up to 24 hours later. Having one’s sexual advance rejected was associated with decreased sexual satisfaction that day and up to 48 hours later. Sexual advances made by one’s partner were associated with increased sexual satisfaction that day and for up to 72 hours later, regardless of whether the advance was accepted or rejected. Findings indicate benefits of sexual activity, but also prolonged postrejection decreases in sexual satisfaction.
Pengembangan Instrumen Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Pada Pembelajaran IPA di SMP

Abstrak: Pengembangan Instrumen Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Pada Pembelajaran IPA di SMP. Berpikir kritis adalah salah satu keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang perlu dilatih untuk peserta didik sehingga mereka memiliki kompetensi yang cukup dalam menghadapi masalah kehidupan yang semakin kompleks di era informasi dan globalisasi sekarang dan di masa depan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan instrumen keterampilan berpikir kritis yang dapat digunakan oleh pendidik untuk mengukur dan mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik melalui pembelajaran IPA SMP. Instrumen keterampilan berpikir kritis ini dikembangkan dengan mengacu pada model pengembangan Borg & Gall. Instrumen ini telah divalidasi oleh seorang ahli pembelajaran dari FKIP Unram, dan pendidik di sekolah menengah. Pengembangan produk dalam bentuk instrumen tes keterampilan berpikir kritis melalui pembelajaran IPA Sekolah Menengah Pertama dengan karakteristik: 1) pertanyaan pilihan ganda dengan satu jawaban yang benar dari empat pilihan jawaban alternatif; 2) jumlah item adalah 30 item; 3) Tingkat kesulitan pada level sedang; 4) validitas pertanyaan adalah 0,74 (tinggi) pada p = 0,05; dan 5) releiabelitas soal adalah 0,85 (sangat reliabel). Kata Kunci: Instrumen, Berpikir kritis, & Pembelajaran IPA.
Imaging below a complex overburden with borehole-seismic data

We have determined how the measured polarization and traveltime for P- and S-waves can be used directly with vertical seismic profile data for estimating the salt exit points in a salt-proximity survey. As with interferometry, the processes described use only local velocities. For the data analyzed in this paper, our procedures have confirmed the location, inferred from surface-seismic data, of the flank of a steeply dipping salt body near the well. This has provided us more confidence in the estimated reservoir extent moving toward the salt face, which in turn has added critical information for the economic evaluation of a possible new well into the reservoir. We also have found that ray-based vector migration, based on the assumptions of locally plane wavefronts and locally plane formation interfaces, can be used to create 3D reflection images of steeply dipping sediments near the well, again using only local velocities. Our local reflection images have helped confirm the dips of the sediments between the well and the salt flank. Because all parameters used in these processes are local and can be extracted from the data themselves, the processes can be considered to be self-sufficient.
Perspective of Natural Products in Skincare

properties.2 Additionally, the use of plant extracts in skin care products is highlighted by consumer demands, which are increasingly concerned with buying ecologically friendly products. Natural skin care products improved skin tone, texture, and appearance by delivering nutrients necessary for healthy skin. Herbal extracts are primarily added to the skincare formulations due to several associated properties such as antioxidant capacity, pigmentation inhibition, and antimicrobial activity, which can be beneficial for attenuation and prevention of various skin conditions.3,4 Cosmetics alone are not sufficient to take care of skin conditions; it requires association of active natural ingredients to repair the damage and to inhibit the ageing of the skin. Herbal skincare and cosmetics have gained much popularity and claimed to have efficacy and intrinsic acceptability due to routine use in daily life and avoid the side effects which are commonly seen in synthetic products. On the other hand, compared to synthetic skincare and cosmetic ingredients, herbal products are mild and biodegradable, exhibiting low toxicity. Natural plant molecules remain particularly interesting for new studies and a number of researches carrying in different parts of the world on medicinal plants to developed newer herbal skincare and cosmetic products having lesser side effects and rich sources of beneficial compounds.1,2 In the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal skincare and cosmetic products and they are gaining popularity both in developing and developed countries. Given the inherent economic potential in the exploitation of natural resources in ecosystems, plant extracts, essential oils, vegetable oils and bioactive complexes exhibit a huge potential to be used in skincare and cosmetic products in order to beautify and maintain the physiological and biochemical balance and healthy condition of the human skin.
Universal simplicity? The alleged simplicity of Universal Credit from administrative and claimant perspectives

A key aim of Universal Credit is to simplify the social security system. While several aspects of its introduction have received critical attention, this overarching aim continues to receive acceptance and support. Drawing on two empirical studies involving means-tested benefit claimants, we aim to deconstruct the idea of ‘simplicity’ as a feature of social security design and argue that it is contingent on perspective. We suggest that claims of simplicity can often be justified from an administrative perspective but are not experienced as such from the perspective of claimants, who instead can face greater responsibility for managing complexity.
A Survey of Exercise Programs in Senior Living Facilities in the State of Illinois

This study evaluated nontherapeutic exercise programs offered in senior living facilities (SLFs), which included nursing homes, licensed and nonlicensed continuing care retirement communities, and senior independent living apartments. Exercise programs were evaluated on five criteria: number of different classes offered, instructors’ employment titles, exercise setting, program staffing levels, and amount and type of exercise equipment. Data revealed that chair exercises were the most common form of exercise, followed by stretching and supervised walking. The majority of exercise leaders were employed full-time (60%) but did not have degrees in exercise science, physical education, nursing, or physical therapy. Programs were mainly offered in multipurpose rooms or in other areas such as dining rooms, hallways, or lounges. Less than 27% of the SLFs followed American College of Sports Medicine exercise guidelines. This study found little consistency in the type of exercise programs offered to older adults i.
A Method for Improving the Thermal Shock Fatigue Failure Resistance of IGBT Modules

High temperature application and long-term reliability are the future development trends of IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) module. This article proposes a 1200-V/50-A IGBT module using the current-assisted sintered nanosilver as die attachment and high-temperature solder as substrate attachment. We measured and compared the electrical and the thermal characteristics, and the reliability of the proposed IGBT modules with those of the commercial IGBT module of the same level. The proposed IGBT modules show consistency with commercial IGBT module in electrical performance, which also proved the feasibility of the current-assisted sintering. The thermal impedance of the proposed IGBT module decreased by 17.2% compared with that of the commercial one. And, the thermal shock test shows that higher resistance to thermomechanical fatigue can be successfully achieved.
Business environment and foreign direct investments: the case of selected European emerging economies

Abstract The globalisation process of the world economy has led to increase of international capital mobility. In the last two decades, the level of foreign direct investments (F.D.I.) was significantly raised and in 2017 was US$1.8 trillion. The question occupying attention in economic literature is what the main motives and determinants of F.D. I. in certain countries are. This article aims to explore what are the linkages between business environment and inward F.D. I. The research was performed on the sample of five European emerging economies, located in Central and Eastern Europe (C.E.E.) – Poland, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia. The research compared the main tendencies of F.D. I.s in selected economies, institutional framework and reforms during transition process, competitiveness and ease of doing business (E.D.B.). With the quantitative analysis and ordinary least squares (O.L.S.) regression authors tried to identify statistical significant linkages between inward F.D. I. and ease of doing business indicators, where control variables were G.C. I. pillars (relevant for business regulation and institutional framework), macroeconomic performances, market capitalisation and taxation. The results are identified factors of business environment relevant for attraction of F.D. I. and provided empirical model for each country respectively.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1: Biochemical, biological and clinical aspects

The activity of plasminogen activators is regulated, in part, by plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs). Four such inhibitors have been described and are well characterized. Of these, PAI-1 is the most efficient PAI. It has been purified from endothelial cells, fibrosarcoma cells and melanoma cells. The cDNA of PAI-1 has been isolated and completely sequenced. The mature inhibitor has 379 aminoacids and arg-met at the cleavage site. Several forms of PAI-1 exist: an active form, that with a half life of 1 - 2 hours loses activity, a "latent" form that can be reactivated by chaotropic agents or phospholipids and proteolytically or oxidatively inactivated forms that cannot be reactivated anymore. In human plasma PAI-1 is the primary inhibitor of tissue-type PA (t-PA) and urokinase (u-PA). The inhibition of t-PA by PAI-1 is counteracted by fibrin, thus assuring an addi-tional means of conferring fibrin-specificity to the fibrinolytic system. Platelet associated PAI-1, representing 90% of PAI-1 in blood is released upon platelet aggregation and may constitute a mechanism to block fibrinolysis in the initial stage of clot formation. PAI activity is regulated by several hormones and growth factors such as dexamethasone, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1, transforming growth factor ss, and also by thrombin and endotoxin. PAI-1 binds to and is stabilized by a protein(s) of the extracellular matrix and in plasma. Increased PAI-1 levels are found in patients with: acute thromboembolic disease, septicemia, a variety of malignancies, liver disease, in the postoperative phase and in pregnant women. This pattern is consistent with an acute phase reactant behaviour of PAI-1. High PAI-1 levels are associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic disease: in survivors of myocardial infarction, reinfarction is more frequent in patients with high PAI-1 levels; in patients with idiopathic deep vein thrombosis, increased PAI-1 is one of the most commonly found abnormalities; in patients undergoing hip surgery, high PAI-1 is correlated with postoperative deep vein thrombosis; and, in septic shock, a high PAI-1 level is associated with a poor prognosis.
Nurses Knowledge and Attitudes toward Cancer Pain Management at Baghdad Hospitals

Objectives: The present study aims to assess Nurses Knowledge and Attitudes toward Cancer Pain Management at Baghdad Hospitals. Methodology: Descriptive study was conducted during the period of December 29th 2014 to July 1st 2015. The sample was selected purposive (non probability) of 95 nurses of Al-Amal National Hospital for Cancer Management and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The study instrument consisted of two major parts constructed for the purpose of the study (socio-demographic characteristic and Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP). Reliability of the questionnaire form was determined through a pilot study while the content validity of the questionnaire was determined through a panel of experts; and collected data in 30th of March to 10th of May 2015. The data were analyzed by used descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean, S.D), inferential statistical analysis (correlation coefficient and chi- square test,). Results: Results of the study showed that, the knowledge and attitudes towards pain management were poor. The correct answer rate for the entire scale, on average, was 37.4%, ranging between (9.5% to 82.1%), And found that (7.4%) of nurses score were more than 50%, and (92.6 %) of nurses score were less than 50% level, In socio-demographic characteristics has no significant relationship with knowledge and attitudes, about cancer pain management, while training session in cancer pain management out Iraq has found significant differences at (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that, the knowledge and attitudes of nurses in oncology units towards the toward cancer pain management is unaccepted to the importance of the patients disease. Recommendation: The researcher recommends the establishment of regular courses for nurses about pain control and conduct studies on the impact of cancer pain treatments for the long term and activating pain measurement chart.
An exploration of the aerosol indirect effects in East Asia using a regional climate model

In this study, the aerosol direct, semi-direct and indirect effects on the East Asia climate are investigated using the International Center for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model v. 4 (RegCM4.1.1), by focusing on the East Asian Summer Monsoon temperature and precipitation. The externally mixed aerosols, including sulfate (SO 4 2– ), black carbon and organic carbon, reduced the solar flux reaching the surface directly by scattering solar radiation, and indirectly by increasing the cloud droplet concentration and cloud liquid water path over East China. The combined aerosol effects (direct and indirect) decreased the temperature on the continent and increased it over the oceans, leading to the reduction of rainfall in the central regions of China and an enhancement of rainfall in the adjacent ocean regions.
Indigenous curative plants used in curing of piles from Mahabubnagar District of Telangana State, India

The existing report is rigorous on the ethnic knowledge of indigenous remedial medicinal plants curing in piles by pastoral people of Telangana, India. A total of 17 species were recorded as natural therapeutic plants treating in piles. Of individual’s species, representing 16 families. The extreme, herbs were in the information are measured. In the present results the importance of the indigenous remedial plants wisdom have been observed. Apart from efforts are ruined to educate the further generations about their importance, it may be missing in future. This diversity of information might contribute comprehensively in modern drug conniving or in government policies to advancement contemporary innovative drug design systems in rural, folkloric areas, and in the enhancement of advance formulas with reference to indigenous remedial medicinal plants.
The Signaling Effects of FDA Drug Designations

Investors in pharmaceutical firms face substantial information asymmetries. Only a small fraction of drugs that enter clinical development are ever approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), causing severe uncertainty for investors. While investors would desire information regarding a drug’s potential likelihood of a successful approval, firms are limited in their ability to share any proprietary information, because in doing so they may lose their competitive advantage. Instead, firms may use signals to indicate to investors the likelihood of success of drugs in their pipeline. One such signal is the FDA fast-track designation, which was created in 1998. Firms apply for the designation from the FDA, and receive it if their drug meets certain federally mandated criteria. The firms can then publicly announce the receipt of the designation to their investors, thereby reducing information asymmetries about a drug’s potential market success. Using an event-study methodology with stock and market data extracted from the Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP), this analysis examines three questions regarding the signaling effects of the fast-track designation. In the event study methodology, the strength of a signal is measured by the change in the stock price of a firm after an announcement. This change, aggregated across all events, is known as the cumulative abnormal return (CAR). In the first section, the study examines whether the fast-track designation acted as a signal to investors (between 1998 and 2012 with n=196 firms), and finds
Challenges in Quality Care Delivery in Tertiary Health Facilities in North-Central Nigeria

Challenges in Quality Care Delivery in Tertiary Health Facilities in North-Central Nigeria by Thomas Terlumun Torkula MPH, University of Glasgow, 2010 MBBS, University of Jos, 2006 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University January 2020 Abstract The increasing mortality rates in tertiary healthcare hospitals in developing countries, such as Nigeria, have given growing concerns about the quality ofThe increasing mortality rates in tertiary healthcare hospitals in developing countries, such as Nigeria, have given growing concerns about the quality of healthcare services delivered in these hospitals. The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges of quality healthcare delivery in tertiary healthcare hospitals in North Central Nigeria, using a quantitative method. A total of 255 respondents, comprising medical, paramedical staff, and patients, from 3 tertiary hospitals were included in the study. The Healthcare Quality Assessment Questionnaire was used to collect data. Chi-square and analysis of variance were used to test the hypotheses. Results of the study showed that the major challenges confronting the delivery of quality healthcare services in the studied health facilities were the inadequate but fairly good condition of medical equipment, inadequate staff training, fairly good salaries, delayed diagnostics and treatment procedures and long wait times of patients. Also, the chi-square statistics indicated a significant association between medical facilities and the quality of healthcare services of tertiary hospitals (p = 0.034). The analysis of variance results indicated no significant difference in the challenges confronting tertiary healthcare hospitals with the delivery of quality healthcare services in the study area. The study shall affect social change by gathering information needed to formulate public policies on quality improvements in tertiary health facilities. It is therefore recommended that the government of Nigeria and hospital boards take steps to improve on healthcare service delivery in the tertiary hospitals. Challenges in Quality Care Delivery in Tertiary Health Facilities in North-Central
Influence of bamboo fiber and limestone powder on the properties of self-compacting concrete

Abstract This paper examines the effect of combined bamboo fibers and limestone powder used as filler material on the fresh, hardened and microstructural properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The bamboo fibers of aspect ratio (l/d) of 50 and a maximum length of 50 mm was varied in steps of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% in the SCC mix. While 10% of limestone powder was added as a filler in each of the SCC mix. The workability of the mix was assessed by slump flow test and V-funnel test, while the mechanical properties were assessed by considering the compressive and split tensile strength test after 7, 14 and 28 curing age. All concrete mixes were carried out by following the European Federation for Specialist Construction Chemicals and Concrete (EFNARC) standard, while the microstructure of selected samples was assessed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Test results indicate that fiber addition influences the fresh properties of SCC. Moreover, it was observed that SCC mix containing with fiber content of 0.75% and 0.5% with the inclusion of 10% limestone powder achieved the highest compressive and split tensile strength values of 28.04 MPa and 3.26 MPa, respectively. The result showed an increment of 17.4% and 32% compare to the control mix. Results of SEM showed an improvement in the morphology of the concrete. Hence, bamboo fiber and limestone powder can be sustainably combined to regulate the flow-ability and improving the strength of the self-compacting concrete for local structural construction.
Traditional Ecological knowledge of predicting rain for climate adapting in North Benin

Traditional knowledge is base of decisions taking by local population affecting their livelihood. This traditional knowledge, focusing on practices and experiences highlighted the weather and climate information which is important for rain fed agriculture in Kandi commune. This research focuses on traditional knowledge of predicting rain through the climate indicators. It was carried in four districts 4 districts (Sam, Donwari, Kassakou and Sonsoro) of Kandi commune. Through 75 interviews (resource persons at least 40 years of experience) and 7 focus groups in the community, information was gathered about traditional climate and weather indicators and prediction tools. The snowball sampling technique was used to choose the respondents. Knowledge about climate indicator is exchanged, passed on from generation to generation and concerned plant species, animal species and astronomical elements. These climate indicators revealed onset of rain season, intensity of rain in full season and the end rain season. Multiple correspondence analyses with statistical software R Version 3.02 show three categories group. One shows the indicators such as wind, thunder, Cloud, Bird. The second group combines the factors transmit to member of family and acquire by initiation. The third group concerns bird indicator.