Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depositional sequences in northern Peru: new insights on the palaeogeographic and palaeotectonic reconstruction of western Gondwana during late Permian and Triassic

Late Permian to Early Jurassic strata in northern Peru allow us to carry out a seismostratigraphic, lithotectonic and chemostratigraphic analysis connecting the Andean–Amazonian foreland basins of Huallaga, Ucayali, southern Marañón and the Eastern Cordillera. This analysis and data integration from Ecuador to western Brazil and southern Peru and Bolivia allow us to redefine the timing of the major documented tectonic phases and corresponding palaeogeographies of western Gondwana from the late Permian to the Triassic. Three lithotectonic sequences and four associated deformation stages are recognized: (1) A sequence, tectonic relaxation, during the late Permian; (2) A–B intra-sequence, folding-and-thrusting attributed to a continuation in time of the Gondwanide Orogeny, during the Early to Middle Triassic; (3) B sequence, rifting, attributed to Gondwana breakup during the Middle and late Triassic; (4) C sequence, thermal sag, during the Late Triassic. Evaporites and carbonates (A sequence) dominated a low-subsidence basin with southern restricted marine inflow at the Permian–Triassic boundary. A novel palaeogeographic model for these evaporites suggests that this saline basin extended up to 50 000 km2 in a restricted environment area with a potential bullseye pattern. The last pulse of the Gondwanide Orogeny and associated fold and thrust belt (A–B intra-sequence) exhumed prior to the sequence, generating emerged areas with little to no sedimentation. Red beds (B sequence) characterize the rifting stage, representing the syn-depositional infill of continental grabens, likely extending to the Acre Basin in Brazil. Finally, during the thermal sag, a marine inflow likely from the northwestern part of Peru generated sedimentation of carbonates and evaporites (C Sequence) to the west and east of the Peruvian margin. This sediment differentiation was, in part, controlled by the existence of pre-existing grabens associated with the previous rifting stage. This interpretation, together with other evaporitic occurrences, attributed here to a Late Triassic epoch in south and north Peru and west Brazil, suggest the existence of an evaporitic basin filling an undeformed area of probably c. 170 000 km2. It is therefore suggestive of the existence of a Late Triassic (Norian to Rhaetian; 217 to 204 Ma) salt giant controlled by thermal sag in western Gondwana. Our results are of great relevance for any future interpretation related to mass extinctions, palaeoclimatic analysis and ocean dynamics during the Permian and Triassic as well as natural resource distribution between Ecuador and Bolivia.
Performance of Urea-Based Fertilizers Associated With Elemental Sulfur or Polymers on Ammonia Volatilization

High N-NH3 losses are expected when conventional urea is applied to the soil surface. In order to reduce it, urea granules could be coated with different materials to decrease fertilizer dissolution rate or to stabilize N-NH4 by acidification. In this study, we investigated the effect of a polymer-coated urea and powdered S0 added to urea, in the presence or absence of a S-oxidizing bacterium (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans), on soil pH, SO4 availability, NH4, and NH3 volatilization. Applying S before urea and the inoculation with bacteria have promoted the highest S oxidation rates. The greater decrease in soil pH occurred when S was applied before urea at a higher dose, which also decreased NH3 volatilization by 83% up to 4 days after urea application. However, the decrease in soil pH did not increase the concentration of NH4, nor did it decrease the accumulated amount of volatilized NH3 over time. The inoculation of A. thiooxidans accelerates S oxidation process, but it was insufficient to counteract the H consumption by urea hydrolysis. Therefore, the S application with urea did not offer chemical protection against NH3 loss, but a physical barrier in the controlled-release urea had less dissolved urea in soil and reduced NH3 losses.
Exploring Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Screening Approaches in U.S. Public School Districts

Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. public school districts, we explored the current landscape of social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) approaches and their impact on behavioral outcomes. Data suggest SEB screening is the exception rather than the rule, with most districts reporting that students are referred to an internal support team when SEB concerns arise. Districts more likely to report SEB problems were identified and supported internally when they had elementary SEB programs, were located in urban areas, and had higher socioeconomic status levels. District administrators who reported that SEB problems were identified and addressed internally, including use of universal screening procedures, reported the highest levels of knowledge about their SEB approach as well as willingness to change their practices.
Operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy on battery materials: a review of recent developments

Although batteries represent a key tool for sustainable development, their working processes, in terms of reaction mechanisms, side reactions, ion transport and formation of a solid–electrolyte interface, are not yet fully understood. In this respect, operando experiments are of enormous importance for providing hints on the relevant chemical species that form ‘while a battery is working’. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has for a long time been the standard in the investigation of local structures of materials. In this regard, applied operando can provide invaluable information on the working mechanisms of batteries. In this review, after introductory paragraphs concerning battery chemistry and the principles of XAS, some of the most important developments in operando XAS applied to battery science are considered. Emphasis is given to Li-metal, Na-ion, Li/sulfur and all solid-state batteries. Related and advanced techniques, such as resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and high-resolution fluorescence-detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy are discussed as well. Suggestions are offered for planning an XAS experiment at the synchrotron radiation source, and finally, some considerations concerning future developments are presented.
Photosynthetic activity of Triticum dicoccum × Triticum aestivum alloplasmic lines during vegetation in connection with productivity traits under varying moister conditions

Drought is a key stressor under global climate change conditions around the world. Triticum dicoccum Shuebl is a species with high potential drought tolerance. Photosynthesis is the primary physiological process affected by water deficit. Rapid light curves (RLCs), recorded using PAM-fluorometers, appear suitable for drought tolerance determination in breeding material. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters at different vegetation stages, morphophysiological traits, and their relationship with the productivity were analyzed in nine alloplasmic lines (allolines) of T. dicoccum Shuebl × T. aestivum L. partially exposed to drought conditions. Quantum yield parameters at the beginning of RLC at the early vegetation stages correlated with the productivity of investigated lines. Parameters related to photosynthetic capacity had a stronger correlation with the productivity at the stages of subflag and flag formation. For drought tolerance screening, quantum yield of nonorganized energy passive dissipation is particularly promising. Chlorophyll fluorescence and productivity data confirm the potential of the presented breeding strategy in allolines D-d-05 and D-d-05b.
High‐throughput sequencing on preservative ethanol is effective at jointly examining infraspecific and taxonomic diversity, although bioinformatics pipelines do not perform equally

Abstract High‐throughput sequencing of amplicons (HTSA) has been proposed as an effective approach to evaluate taxonomic and genetic diversity at the same time. However, there are still uncertainties as to how the results produced by different bioinformatics treatments impact the conclusions drawn on biodiversity and population genetics indices. We evaluated the ability of six bioinformatics pipelines to recover taxonomic and genetic diversity from HTSA data obtained from controlled assemblages. To that end, 20 assemblages were produced using 354 colonies of Botrylloides spp. , sampled in the wild in ten marinas around Brittany (France). We used DNA extracted from preservative ethanol (ebDNA) after various time of storage (3, 6, and 12 months), and from a bulk of preserved specimens (bulkDNA). DNA was amplified with primers designed for targeting this ascidian genus. Results obtained from HTSA data were compared with Sanger sequencing on individual zooids (i.e., individual barcoding). Species identification and relative abundance determined with HTSA data from either ebDNA or bulkDNA were similar to those obtained with traditional individual barcoding. However, after 12 months of storage, the correlation between HTSA and individual‐based data was lower than after shorter durations. The six bioinformatics pipelines were able to depict accurately the genetic diversity using standard population genetics indices (HS and FST), despite producing false positives and missing rare haplotypes. However, they did not perform equally and dada2 was the only pipeline able to retrieve all expected haplotypes. This study showed that ebDNA is a nondestructive alternative for both species identification and haplotype recovery, providing storage does not last more than 6 months before DNA extraction. Choosing the bioinformatics pipeline is a matter of compromise, aiming to retrieve all true haplotypes while avoiding false positives. We here recommend to process HTSA data using dada2, including a chimera‐removal step. Even if the possibility to use multiplexed primer sets deserves further investigation to expand the taxonomic coverage in future similar studies, we showed that primers targeting a particular genus allowed to reliably analyze this genus within a complex community.
Cyprinodontiform fishes of El Salvador

Introduction: The Cyprinodontiformes are a group of secondary freshwater fishes widely distributed in El Salvador. Currently, many species of this group are usually incorrectly identified for lack of adequate tools. Additionally, their taxonomy and distribution have changed in recent years. Objective: To provide updated information about the taxonomy and distribution of El Salvador Cyprinodontiformes through identification keys, distribution notes, and general descriptions for all species. Methods: We carried out an extensive review of the literature, electronic databases, and museum specimens to generate a list of valid species present in El Salvador. Results: Eleven species in three families are confirmed: Profundulidae (two species), Anablepidae (one species), and Poeciliidae (eight species). We also include distribution data, both vertical and by main basins, and an illustrated guide. Conclusions: There are 11 species of Cyprinodontiformes in El Salvador and they can be found and identified with this article.
Drought in South Asia: A Review of Drought Assessment and Prediction in South Asian Countries

South Asian countries have been experiencing frequent drought incidents recently, and due to this reason, many scientific studies have been carried out to explore drought in South Asia. In this context, we review scientific studies related to drought in South Asia. The study initially identifies the importance of drought-related studies and discusses drought types for South Asian regions. The representative examples of drought events, severity, frequency, and duration in South Asian countries are identified. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was mostly adopted in South Asian countries to quantify and monitor droughts. Nevertheless, the absence of drought quantification studies in Bhutan and the Maldives is of great concern. Future studies to generate a combined drought severity map for the South Asian region are required. Moreover, the drought prediction and projection in the regions is rarely studied. Furthermore, the teleconnection between drought and large-scale atmospheric circulations in the South Asia has not been discussed in detail in most of the scientific literature. Therefore, as a take-home message, there is an urgent need for scientific studies related to drought quantification for some regions in South Asia, prediction and projection of drought for an individual country (or as a region), and drought teleconnection to atmospheric circulation.
Students’ Perceptions on Drug Abuse and Academic Performance in Computer Science and Allied Subjects

Given the high rate of drug abuse in society, this study investigates how much of its knowledge is available to secondary school students. Also evaluated is the perceived effect of drug abuse on their academic achievement in subjects such as Computer science and allied subjects. A questionnaire was developed to obtain the respondents’ opinion with 304 responses analyzed for this study. This research reveals that the majority (97.4%) of students know about drug abuse and the harm it causes to health. The most abused drugs by the students surveyed are Alcohol (5.9%), Tobacco (3.3%), and Marijuana (Indian hemp) (2.3%). The hypotheses tested showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) relationship between the type of school (public/private) a student attends and their tendency to abuse drugs, as well as how much knowledge is possessed by the students. We conclude that the academic performance of students can be negatively influenced by the abuse of drugs.
Emotional intelligence, mindfulness and subjective well- being: a mediational analysis

Research has indicated that elevated levels of mindfulness are often associated with positive effects on mental health, greater satisfaction in relationships including greater subjective well-being. The present investigation was undertaken to study the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. A sample of 100 adolescents completed the short form of Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, Assessing Emotions scale, also the Positive and Negative Affect scale and the Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction scale as an index of subjective well-being. Path analysis was used in order to assess the mediating influence of emotional intelligence on mindfulness and subjective well-being. The results revealed that higher level of mindfulness was positively correlated with greater emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, positive affect and lower negative affect. Emotional Intelligence also mediated between mindfulness and two indicators of subjective well-being i.e. Positive and negative affect and Life satisfaction.
Follow the money: Do gentrifying and at-risk neighborhoods attract more park spending?

ABSTRACT Recent research has shown that spending in urban green spaces including parks has fostered gentrification, a process known as green gentrification. But could ongoing gentrification and gentrification risk also precede local spending on new or existing parks? Focusing on the City of Los Angeles, we investigate whether park investment generated through developer fees in 2016–2018 went disproportionately to neighborhoods undergoing gentrification or at risk to gentrify. Logistic regression models show that park spending occurred disproportionately in tracts with traits of ongoing gentrification, some characteristics of gentrification risk, and higher educational attainment. Also, areas with higher proportions of Black and Asian residents saw fewer park investments. As cities around the world increasingly rely on developer fees to fund public amenities, planners and policymakers should develop strategies to ensure such investments do not accelerate existing gentrification and displacement of the most marginalized.
Laboratory scale method for preparation of mixture modeled composite fuels for hybrid propulsion

ABSTRACT Fuel formulation is one of the chief strategies investigated in hybrid propulsion studies. In this context, polyethylenes-paraffins compositions have been suggested as a trade-off solution to attain both mechanical quality and ballistic performance. In parallel, mixed hybrids have already proven their capacity to enhance regression rates of thermoset polymers in mixture-modelled experiments. Ammonium perchlorate replacement by ammonium nitrate could turn mixed hybrids into environmentally benign materials. Meanwhile, the preparation of hybrid fuels based on paraffins and thermoplastic polymers seems to lack an application-oriented approach, capable to generate macroscopically homogeneous and symmetrical samples, compatible with both instrumental and ballistic measurements. Therefore, this work successfully outlines a laboratory scale preparation method developed to generate cylindrical composite fuel grains for hybrid propulsion, comprising low-density polyethylene (LDPE), macrocrystalline paraffin and ammonium nitrate mixture-modelled formulations, as well as applies thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry to gain insight into their microstructural aspects, particularly their miscibility and its relation to the observed macroscopic behavior.
Gold Mining Stakeholders: Diversity and Influence. Roșia Montană Case Study

Using historiography, online information and the stakeholders’ theory, this study focuses on the interested parties involved in a highly controversial gold mining project in Romania’s Roșia Montană area. The study documents the emergence and influence of different stakeholders (and the relationships between them). The research result suggests that company management and project investors (in this case involving the State as minority owner and regulator and a Canadian company as the majority owner) need to be aware of the objectives of a range of stakeholders including the general public, environmental campaigners and cultural agencies. They should identify shared stakeholder objectives and take these objectives into account when assessing the prospects of a mining project. Ultimately, these findings could be a lesson in political conduct for stakeholders involved in similar projects in other East European countries.
Effective sludge dewatering using Moringa Oleiferaseed extract combined with aluminium sulfate

This research aims to find an optimum mixture ratio that consists of natural and chemical coagulants, and using it for sludge dewatering. Moringa oleifera seed extract by NaCl solution (1 M) was used as natural coagulant due to its characteristics such as availability, low cost, biodegradable, and it is environmentally friendly. This natural coagulant was combined with aluminium sulphate Al2(SO4)3.18H2O (alum) as chemical coagulant. Sludge samples were prepared from kaolin suspension (5% w/v) with distilled water. The purpose ofthe mixed coagulant is to produce a mixture with low chemical content and high dewatering efficiency, and to involvethe natural coagulant in sludge dewatering process. The use of mixed coagulant can achieve less hazardous impacts to human health and environment. Optimization of process conditions (the first optimization) was done using three factors: M. oleiferadosage, pH, and mixing time. The second optimization was done to determine the optimum mixture ratio between alum and M. oleifera using Quadratic Mixture Model optimization. This optimization (mixture ratio optimization) was run under the same optimum values of dosage, pH, and mixing time obtained from the first optimization to optimize the coagulation efficiency of M. oleiferaseed extract. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) was used as response for both optimization steps, and the results were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach by Design-Expert v9 software. Results showed that the optimum SRF value obtained from the first optimization was 1.1E+11 m/kg at dosageof 235.58 mg/L, pH of 6.5, and mixing time of 21.2 min at R 2 = 95.8%. For the second optimization, the optimum SRF value was 0.8E+11 m/kg for the ratio of 50:50 for alum and M. oleiferaseed extract. At this ratio, dewatering efficiency was the same as the efficiency of alum alone (0.8E+11 m/kg). Using mixed coagulant at ratio of 50:50 for alum and M. oleiferaseed extract, sludge dewatering efficiency can be high with 50% elimination of alum use.
Social outcomes of a community-based water, sanitation and hygiene intervention

Social benefits of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions are less documented compared to health benefits such as the reduction of diarrheal diseases. Although most decisions in WASH investments are based on potential health outcomes, interventions may also lead to social benefits, such as income generation, increased school enrollment, improved levels of dignity, self-esteem and civic pride, which can have a significant value both personally and to the wider community. This qualitative case study was used to assess the perceived social outcomes of purposively selected stakeholders from a WASH intervention study in Malawi. In-depth Interviews (n = 10), focus group discussions (n = 4) and key informants interviews (n = 10) were conducted with caregivers (male and female), community leaders, traditional leaders and community coordinators. Thematic analysis identified eight social outcomes: formation and strengthening of relationships (n = 32), becoming role models to community members (n = 23), women empowerment (n = 20), time-saving (n = 17), change of status (n = 12), receiving awards (n = 12), reduced medical costs (n = 11) and obtaining new skills (n = 7). Social capital among caregivers was also found to be high. No negative outcomes from the intervention were reported. WASH interventions have multiple, important, but difficult to quantify social benefits which should be measured, reported and considered in WASH investment decision-making.
Nutrient accumulation and nutritional efficiency in eucalyptus

Abstract Eucalyptus accumulates large amounts of nutrients in its biomass and, in order to maintain high productivities, high doses of fertilizers are applied, mainly potassium. Adequate fertilization management requires information on nutrient contents in the various plant organs. This study aimed to use the boundary-line (BL) method to determine curves of nutrient accumulation in eucalyptus shoots. For this, a database containing information on yield and nutrient contents in the various plant organs was used. Scatter plots relating nutrient content in the areal part to trunk volume were constructed. In these graphs, points of the upper and lower edges of the cloud of points were selected, BLs were established and equations to quantify nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) accumulation were obtained. Subsequently, the K content obtained in boundary plants was correlated with those of the other nutrients in the same plants. The relationship between nutrient content and trunk volume allowed establishing the maximum and minimum accumulations for the same volume produced. Plants with highest K accumulation had 4.6, 2.07 and 2.0 less accumulation of N, P and Mg, respectively, than those with lowest K accumulation, for the same trunk volume. At the end, it is concluded that plants with higher K accumulation showed reduction in the absorption of N, P and Mg and lower efficiency in the use of K, P, Ca and Mg.