Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Nutrient Management on the Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) in Lateritic Belt of West Bengal

Among the food grains, wheat is the leading cereal crop of the world. It is cultivated in 227 million ha producing 682 million tonnes with a productivity of 30.0 q/ha. In India, it is the second important staple food crop next to rice and cultivated over an area of 30.2 mha with a total production of 93.5mt and productivity of 29.4 q/ha (Anonymous, 2018). Recently, in West Bengal, wheat cultivation is taken up in an area of 0.315 mha producing 0.846 mt with the productivity of 26.80 q/ha. This productivity is lower than the national average and considerably less than other leading wheat growing states having longer International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 6 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Production of Cellulase by Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 in Wheat Bran-containing Media

The effect of the addition of wheat bran to the growth medium on the production of cellulolytic enzymes of Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 was studied in batch culture using shake flasks. The activity of cellulase was enhanced by the addition of wheat bran to the cellulase production medium. KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 buffer was used for pH control during cellulase production. As a result, high cellulase activities were obtained in shake flask culture; a CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) activity of 125.78 U/ml was obtained from 2% Avicel- and 3% wheat bran-containing medium and an FP (filter paper) activity of 12.85 U/ml was obtained from 1% Avicel- and 5% wheat bran-containing medium after 6 days of cultivation.
The Effect of Auditor Ethics, Auditor Experience, Audit Fees, and Auditor's Motivation on Audit Quality (Case study of a Public Accounting Firm in Semarang)

<p class="s20"><span class="s14"><span class="bumpedFont15"> </span></span><span class="s19"><span class="bumpedFont15">The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of Auditor Ethics, Auditor Experience, Audit Fees, and Auditor’s Motivation on Audit Quality. </span></span></p><p class="s22"><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont15">The population of this research is the Auditor at the Public Accountant Office in Semarang. The sampling technique uses Simple Random Sampling. The data used in this study are primary data taken by distributing questionnaires. The analysis model uses multiple linear regression analysis models, while the analysis technique uses the Statistical Test F, the Coefficient of Determination </span></span><span class="s21"><span class="bumpedFont15">(</span></span><span class="s21"><span class="bumpedFont15">, </span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont15">and the Statistical test t. </span></span></p><p class="s22"><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont15">The results of the analysis and discussion showed that the auditor's ethical variables, auditor's experience, audit fees, and auditor's motivation simultaneously had a significant effect on audit quality. Auditor ethics, auditor experience, and Auditor Motivation on the quality of each audit partially significant effect on audit quality. </span></span><span class="s4"><span class="bumpedFont15">Whereas Audit Fee partially has no significant effect on Audit Quality. </span></span></p>
C-phycocyanin Attenuates Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis in UUO Mice

Purpose: It has been reported that Spirulina, a blue-green algae with potent antioxidant properties, affords significant protection against inflammation and fibrosis in the liver in vivo. The aim of the present study was to establish the possible protective role of C-phycocyanin, one of the active ingredients of Spirulina, in an experimental model of fibrosis in the kidney. Methods: The study was carried out using male C57BL6 mice. Mice were divided into the following four groups: sham-operated group; C-phycocyanin (PC)-treated sham group; unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) group; and PC with UUO group. We evaluated renal TGF- mRNA, MCP-1, and osteopontin using real-time RT PCR. We evaluated renal TGF-, -SMA, and CD68 by immunohistochemistry. We recorded light microscopic findings of kidney specimens. Results: PC significantly decreased the expression of MCP-1 and -SMA mRNA. Renal gene levels of expression of TGF-, MCP-1, and osteopontin in the UUO group were significantly higher than the sham-operated group (p, MCP-1, and osteopontin mRNA of kidneys in the PC-treated UUO group were significantly lower than the untreated UUO group (p and -SMA protein in the kidneys of the PC-treated UUO group was significantly less than the untreated UUO control group (p
The longevity of desorbing and adsorbing rice seeds

Abstract In each of two experiments, freshly harvested seeds of two cultivars of rice were dried and then rehydrated to different moisture levels. In experiment 1, seed equilibrium relative humidity (eRH) and moisture content (MC) were determined at each moisture level so that moisture desorption and adsorption isotherms could be constructed. Seed storage experiments were also carried out for seeds equilibrated at each moisture level, in sealed aluminium foil packets at 45°C. In experiment 2, storage experiments at 45°C were carried out on seeds dried to 12% MC and seeds dried to lower moisture levels and then rehydrated to 12% MC. The moisture adsorption isotherm was shifted to lower MC at a given eRH compared with the desorption isotherm. This hysteresis effect was seen both when seeds were dried to <6% MC and then allowed to adsorb moisture to different levels, and when seeds were dried to different levels (10, 8, 6 or 4% MC) and then allowed to adsorb moisture up to 12% MC. The log-log relationship between seed longevity, σ [the standard deviation of the normal distribution of seed deaths over time, as defined in the Ellis and Roberts (1980) seed viability equations] and seed storage MC did not vary depending on whether the seeds were desorbing or adsorbing moisture. The relationship between σ and eRH was better described by a log-log model than a log-linear model and did vary depending on whether seeds were desorbing or adsorbing moisture: at a given eRH, the longevity of adsorbing seeds was greater than that of desorbing seeds. The implications for seed storage are discussed.
Rainfall fluctuations and vegetation patterns in alkali grasslands - using self-organizing maps to visualise vegetation dynamics

Knowledge about the drivers of vegetation dynamics in grasslands is fundamental to select appro-priate management for conservation purposes. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of vegeta-tion dynamics in alkali grasslands, a priority habitat of the Natura 2000 network. We studied vegetation dynamics in five stands of four alkali grassland types in the Hortobagy National Park (eastern Hunga-ry), between 2009 and 2011. We analysed the effect of fluctuations in precipitation on both the overall vegetation composition and on the cover of each species using Self Organizing Map neural networks (SOM). We found that SOM is a promising tool to reveal plant community dynamics. As we analysed species cover and overall vegetation composition separately, we were able to identify the species re-sponsible for particular vegetation changes. Fluctuations in precipitation (a dry season, followed by a wet and an average season) caused quick shifts in plant species composition because of an increasing cover of halophyte forbs, probably because of salinisation. We observed a similar effect of stress from waterlogging in all studied grassland types. The species composition of Puccinellia grasslands was the most stable over the three years with varying precipitation. This was important as this grassland type contained many threatened halophyte species. Self-organising maps revealed small-scale vegetation changes and provided a detailed visualisation of short-term vegetation dynamics, thus we suggest that the application of this method is also promising to reveal community dynamics in more species-rich habitat types or landscapes.
Whole carcass and organ condemnation and their associated financial losses in ruminants slaughtered at the Bolgatanga municipal abattoir of Ghana.

This study was conducted on ruminants slaughtered at the Bolgatanga municipal abattoir in Ghana for the period 2010-2014. The aim was to investigate the causes of whole carcass and organ condemnation in ruminants slaughtered at this facility and assesses the associated financial losses. This was done by analyzing veterinary records on local slaughter of livestock and pathological conditions at slaughter for a total of 11,843 cattle, 13,722 sheep and 19,904 goats. The study revealed that 0.064 % cattle carcasses were totally condemned due to tuberculosis, cysticercosis and jaundice. The main causes of organ condemnation in cattle were pimply gut (3.82%), abscess (2.77%), fasciolosis (2.39%), hydronephritis (1.16%), traumatic reticulo-pericarditis (0.92%), jaundice (0.39%), tuberculosis (0.04%), pneumonia, ( 0.04%), contagious pleuro-pneumonia (0.04%) and cysticercosis (0.008%). Pimply gut (16.81%) and pneumonia (0.75%) were responsible for organ condemnation in small ruminants. The total direct economic loss due to organ and carcass condemnation amounted to GHc 67,295.00(18,693.06 USD, (USD= GHc 3.60). Bacterial and parasitic diseases were the causes of carcass and organ condemnation in ruminants and these were associated with huge economic losses.
Atrazine and mancozeb induce excitotoxicity and cytotoxicity in primary cultures of mouse cerebellar cortex

ABSTRACT This work aimed to determine the neurotoxicity of atrazine and mancozeb by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) evaluation of neurotransmitters, and morphologically by flow cytometry and ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy of primary cultures of mouse cerebellar cortex. The latter revealed mitochondrial damage, synaptic alterations, and neuroinflammation, while neurochemical results showed augmented release of excitatory neurotransmitters with a consequent increase in excitation/inhibition ratio of atrazine- and mancozeb-treated cultures. This study shows that atrazine and mancozeb exposure may lead to neuronal damage associated with excitotoxicity and cytotoxicity.
Estimation of economic losses due to haemorrhagic septicaemia in livestock of southern part of India

This paper attempts to estimate the economic losses due to Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) in Southern region of India. The study was carried out in Belagavi and Tumakuru Districts of Karnataka covering 4 blocks and 12 villages totally in those districts. Purposive sampling was used for the selection of blocks, villages and livestock farmers. A total of 600 livestock farmers were covered in the 2 districts. The total economic loss was computed with sum of mortality loss, direct milk loss, milk loss due to increased abortion, value of calves lost due to increased abortion, loss in animal draught power, treatment cost and extra labour cost. The results stated that the total annual economic loss because of HS in Karnataka was ₹462.5 crores. Among that mortality loss accounts for 63.9 per cent and treatment cost accounts for 20.7 per cent. This study is coinciding with literature as mortality loss is contributing maximum for economic loss followed by treatment cost. Direct losses contribute maximum of 76.9 per cent and indirect losses contribute 23.1 per cent of economic loss. The study that revealed significant losses due to HS in large ruminants in the Karnataka state.
HYPOLIPEDEMIC EFFECT OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF WHOLE PLANT OF CALYCOPTERIS FLORIBUNDA (LAM) IN RAT FED WITH HIGH FAT DIET

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidemic activity of various extracts of whole plant of Calycopteris floribunda in High Fed Diet induced male wistar rats and to compare it with a standard hypolipidemic drug Atrovastatin. Methods: Adult male wistar rats of six numbers in each group were undertaken for study and also evaluated. Group I served as normal control, Group II received HFD, Group III received HFD along with petroleum ether extract of C. floribunda, Group IV received HFD along with ethyl acetate extract of C. floribunda, Group V received HFD along with methanolic extract of C. floribunda, Group VI received HFD along with standard drug Atrovastatin. Blood and tissues like liver, heart, aorta was examined for lipid profile. Results: In Group II animals (HFD) showed significant (P < 0.001) elevation in plasma and LDL – cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and atherogenic index when compared to that of normal rat. Administration of ethyl acetate extract of C. floribunda at the dose of 200 mg / kg b.wt / day p.o along with high fat diet significantly (P < 0.001) prevented the rise in the above mentioned biochemical parameters with significant rise in the level of HDL – cholesterol than that of the other two extracts. Conclusion: The result suggests that ethyl acetate of C. floribunda extended protection against various biochemical changes in blood and tissues which have therapeutic
[Myoglobin and mitochondria: kinetics of oxymyoglobin deoxygenation in mitochondria suspension].

: The kinetics of whale MbO2 deoxygenation was studied spectrophotometrically in the presence of breathing rat mitochondria under conditions when mitochondria were separated from the protein solution by a semipermeable film capable to transfer only low-molecular-weight compounds and directly in the solution of MbO2 with mitochondria (incubation medium: 15-35 mM succinate, 150 mM sucrose, 100 mM KCl, 0.5 mM EGTA, 5 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM MOPS, pH 7.4). It was shown that the splitting of O2 from MbO2 at physiological pO2 is possible only if it directly contacts mitohondria. The deoxygenation rate does not depend on the protein concentration (zero order on [MbO2] as opposite to the first order reaction in the absence of mitochondria) and completely coincides with the rate of oxygen consumption by mitochondria under the same conditions, as indicated by the polarographic data. The dependence of the MbO2 deoxygenation rate on the concentration of mitochondria and the protein, and on the total charge of the MbO2 molecule was studied using horse MbO2 (pI 7.1), sperm whale MbO2 (pI 8.3), its zinc complex, Zn-MbO2 (pI > 8.3), and the sperm whale MbO2 derivative carboxymethylated at His residues, CM-MbO2 (pI 5.2). The mechanism of MbO2 deoxygenation in the cell obviously actuates its interplay with the mitochondrial membrane. As a result, the affinity of Mb to oxygen decreases several times, which corresponds to a shift of the Mb dissociation curve to higher pO2 values.
Asymbiotic Seed Germination and in vitro Seedling Development of Paphiopedilum liemianum Fowlie, an Endangered Terrestrial Orchid in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia

Paphiopedilum liemianum Fowlie, is a terrestrial orchid species and endemic in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. However, due to a deep dormancy that the seed display at dispersion and the difficulty to obtain uniform plant in a short time period, micropropagation may be a feasible alternative. l'vficropropagation by in vitro seed germination techniques have been applied to the conservation of endangered orchid. Four months old seeds of P. liemianum germinated on five different basal media. All media were supplemented with 2.5 µM a-apthalleneacetic acid (NAA) and cultures were incubated in the dark for 4 weeks followed by protocorm development at condition a 16/8 h LID photoperiod. Germination percentage was 78.8% in Vacin and Went (VW) medium were significantly higher than other basal media. To evaluated the effect of organic nutrient additives on seed germination and protocorm development, the seed were cultured on VW medium amended with different of organic nutrient. Additives, especially 10% Coconut Water (CW) to VW medium improved the protocorm development well, with 33.3% the protocorm development to stage 5 (seedling). The seedlings were cultured on VW medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 µM) of thidiazuron (TDZ). Healthy plantlets with developed leaves and roots were planted in pots with sphagnum moss and grown under ex vitro condition and the result was 76% survival rate after 4 weeks.
Reproductive biology of Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 (Cyprinidontiformes: Poeciliidae) at the Emiliano Zapata Reservoir in Morelos, Mexico

Poecilia sphenops is a native species recently recorded in the Balsas basin and the Amacuzac River in Morelos (Mexico), in which it is abundant and widely distributed. This study analyzed some aspects of the reproductive biology of Poecilia sphenops from the Emiliano Zapata Reservoir, in Central Mexico. Specimens were collected using a 20 m-long seine with a 5 mm mesh size, from January to December 2006. A total of 581 specimens were collected: 407 females (70.0%), 83 males (14.3%) and 91 individuals with no differentiated sex (15.7%). Fish ranged from 20 to 96 mm in total length and 0.01 to 13.07 g in body weight. The female to male sex ratio (4.9:1) deviated significantly from the unity (χ2= 214.2, p<0.05). Monthly variations in gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indexes and ovarian development stages showed that P. sphenops spawning season occurred between July and October, concurring with the rainy season. Another reproduction peak was registered in February. The largest length registered for males and females was 96 mm and 83 mm, respectively.
Production of protein hydrolysate processing antioxidant activities with negligible muddy-and fishy-odour/flavour from freshwater and marine fish

Lipid oxidation and fishy odour development in protein hydrolysate from fresh and ice-stored Nile tilapia were investigated. During iced storage of 18 days, haem iron content decreased with a concomitant increase in non-haem iron content, peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values (P < 0.05). Phospholipid content decreased with a coincidental increase in free fatty acid content. When protein hydrolysates were produced from fresh and 18 days ice-stored Nile tilapia muscle, higher lipid oxidation and fishy odour/flavour along with higher amount volatile compounds were obtained in hydrolysate for unfresh sample (P < 0.05). However, the addition of mixed antioxidants during hydrolysis process markedly lowered lipid oxidation, b*, C*, E* values, fishy odour/flavour as well as the formation of volatile compounds in the resulting hydrolysates prepared from both fresh and unfresh samples. Impact of different pretreatments on chemical compositions of Nile tilapia were elucidated. Mince prepared using washing/membrane lipid removal/alkaline solubilisation process (protein isolate: PI) contained the lowest remaining myoglobin and haem iron content and also showed the lowest total lipid and phospholipid contents. When mince and PI were hydrolysed using Alcalase for up to 120 min, a higher degree of hydrolysis (DH) was found in PI. Furthermore, hydrolysate from PI had lower PV, TBARS and non-haem iron content throughout hydrolysis (P < 0.05). When hydrolysate powder produced from mince and PI (0.3-0.5%, w/v) were fortified in milk, that from mince yielded the milk with the lower likeness score at all levels used (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the fortification of hydrolysate from PI up to
Effects of Body Size on the Biological Fitness of a Koinobiotic Phorid Parasitoid and on the Parasitoid–Termite Host Relationship

Abstract The relationship between the solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid Misotermes mindeni Disney and Neoh (Diptera: Phoridae) and its termite host Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen) (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) was examined. Misotermes mindeni were reared from parasitized M. gilvus major soldiers in the laboratory. Adult female parasitoids were on average larger (4.67 ± 1.29 mg) than males (3.73 ± 1.18 mg). The influence of the size of the parasitoid on its fitness was studied under laboratory conditions. No relationship was found between adult female size and the number of laid eggs, but weak positive relationship was observed between adult male size and longevity. The sex of emerging adults of M. mindeni was correlated positively with the size of the major soldiers of M. gilvus. Females emerged from the larger hosts, whereas males emerged from the smaller hosts. The host size ranges differed between the sexes. This may suggest that the parasitoids modified the size of their hosts. The body sizes of both female and male parasitoids at pupal and adult stages were significantly correlated with host size, such that larger hosts ultimately yielded larger parasitoids and smaller hosts yielded smaller ones.
Transmission of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever by the Rabbit Tick Haemaphysalis Leporispalustris Packard

Summario El autor hace mencion de pasadas publicaciones en donde ha sugerido la importancia de las varias especies de conejos de Montana como posibles factores en la diseminacion del virus de la Fiebre de las Montanas Rocallosas. Parece, nos dice, que el conejo puede ser huesped de dos variedades de garrapatas capaces de transmitir la infeccion, una de ellas (Dermacentor venustus Banks) que utiliza ademas del conejo otros roedores y la pasa directamente al hombre, y la otra (Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris Packard) que la transmite de un conejo a orto. Esta ultima especie ha sido objeto de investigacion en esta ocasion y despues de exponer sus experimentos llega a las siguientes conclusiones: 1. Que es probable que la Fiebre de las Montanas Rocallosas pueda ser mantenida entre los conejos silvestres por medio de la garrapata de conejo misma sin intervencion de la garrapata de bosque (Dermacentor venustus Banks). 2. Es mas probable aun que la fiebre pueda existir entre la poblacion de conejos en localidades en donde ninguna infeccion humana haya existido y que asi mismo puede que este mayor distribuida entre los roedores de la region noroeste que lo que la distribucion entre humanos podria indicar. 3. Los datos acerca de la garrapata del conejo indican que al buscar los factores responsables del mantenimiento de la enfermedad en estado natural, estos animales deben considerarse como una de las posibilidades. La importancia del conejo en este sentido tiene aun que determinarse definitivamente. Hay indicaciones de fundamental importancia en el terreno de aquella clase de region puramente de praderas, en donde, por lo menos periodicamente, estos animales constituyen la especie dominante. Las regiones montanosas, como el valle del Bitter Root, en donde hay variedad de especies, susceptibilidad y habitacion, el valor de este conejo como factor, no es tan evidente.
Antitumor activity of doxorubicine-loaded nanoemulsion against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice

Purpose: To evaluate the antitumor activity of doxorubicine (DOX) loaded nanoemulsion (NE) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing Swiss albino mice. Methods: The mice were divided into five groups ( n = 20) according to the administered drug. Groups I - V were labeled as negative control (normal), positive control of the untreated EAC bearing mice (EAC control), blank nanoemulsion (BI-NE), DOX-loaded-NE (DOX/LNE) and free DOX (DOX-Sol), respectively. Cardiotoxicity was assessed by measuring changes in body and organ weight, analyzing serum enzymes and lipids, and examining histological changes in heart tissues by light microscopy. In addition, mean survival time (MST), increase in life span (ILS) and survival (S) of the mice were determined. Results: DOX/LNE group reduced levels of serum enzymes and lowered damage to heart tissues relative to DOX-Sol group. The MST of the DOX/LNE group (80 ± 0.0 days) was significantly greater than that for DOX-Sol group (34.6 ± 8.9 days), while ILS of DOX/LNE (265.30 days) was higher than that of DOX-Sol (57.99 days) by 4.6-fold. Conclusion: Administration of DOX/LNE to EAC-bearing mice improves the efficacy of DOX and reduce its side effects on the heart. Keywords: Doxorubicine, Anti-tumor activity, Mean survival time, Heart histology, Nanoemulsion, Lipid profile