Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic and photonic crystal applications of a vector solver for 2D Kerr nonlinear waveguides

We use our vector Maxwell's nonlinear eigenmode solver to study the stationary solutions in 2D cross-section waveguides with Kerr nonlinear cores. This solver is based on the fixed power algorithm within the finite element method. First, studying nonlinear plasmonic slot waveguides, we demonstrate that, even in the low power regime, 1D studies may not provide accurate and meaningfull results compared to 2D ones. Second, we study at high powers the link between the nonlinear parameter $\gamma_{nl}$ and the change of the nonlinear propagation constant $\Delta \beta$. Third, for a specific type of photonic crystal fiber, we show that a non-trivial interplay between the band-gap edge and the nonlinearity takes place.
FORMATION À DISTANCE, RÉSOLUMENT ?

This paper reports on a technology-facilitated micro-teach project, developed as a contingency response to unpredictable situations in schools as a result of Covid-19 restrictions to face-to-face teaching. The project aimed to support student teachers in developing their feedback, reflection and collaborative skills by providing opportunities to view short teaching episodes before offering peer-formative assessment. Micro-teaching, an activity in which student teachers plan, teach and reflect on small lessons
The dusty heart of nearby active galaxies - I. High-spatial resolution mid-IR spectro-photometry of Seyfert galaxies

In a series of papers, we aim at stepping towards characterizing physical properties of the AGN dust torus by combining IR highspatial resolution observations with 3D clumpy torus models. In this first paper, we present mid-IR imaging and 8−13 μ ml owresolution spectroscopy of nine type 1 and ten type 2 AGN. The observations were carried out with the VLT/VISIR mid-IR imager and spectrograph and can be considered the largest currently available mid-infrared spectro-photometric data set of AGN at spatial resolution <100 pc. These data resolve scales at which the emission from the dust torus dominates the overall flux, and emission from the host galaxy (e.g. star-formation) is resolved out in most cases. The silicate absorption features are moderately deep and emission features, if seen at all, are shallow. The strongest silicate emission feature in our sample shows some notable shift of the central wavelength from the expected 9.7 μm (based on ISM extinction curves) to ∼10.5 μm. We compare the observed mid-IR luminosities of our objects to AGN luminosity tracers (X-ray, optical and [O iii] luminosities) and find that the mid-IR radiation is emitted quite isotropically. In two cases, IC 5063 and MCG–3–34–64, we find evidence for extended dust emission in the narrow-line region. We confirm the correlation between observed silicate feature strength and Hydrogen column density, which was recently found in Spitzer data at lower spatial resolution. In a further step, our 3D clumpy torus model has been used to interpret the data. We show that the strength of the silicate feature and the mid-IR spectral index α can be used to get reasonable constraints on the radial dust distribution of the torus and the average number of clouds N0 along an equatorial line-of-sight in clumpy torus models. The mid-IR spectral index α is almost exclusively determined by the radial dust distribution power-law index a, while the silicate feature depth mostly depends on N0 and the torus inclination. A comparison of model predictions to our type 1 and type 2 AGN reveals that average parameters of a = −1.0 ± 0. 5a ndN0 = 5 − 8 are typically seen in the presented sample, which means that the radial dust distribution is rather shallow. As a proof-of-concept of this method, we compared the model parameters derived from α and the silicate feature strength to more detailed studies of full IR SEDs and interferometry and found that the constraints on a and N0 are consistent. Finally, we may have found evidence that the radial structure of the torus changes from low to high AGN luminosities towards steeper dust distributions, and we discuss implications for the IR size-luminosity relation.
PROPAGATION OF THE 2012 MARCH CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS FROM THE SUN TO HELIOPAUSE

In 2012 March the Sun exhibited extraordinary activities. In particular, the active region NOAA AR 11429 emitted a series of large coronal mass ejections (CMEs) which were imaged by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory as it rotated with the Sun from the east to west. These sustained eruptions are expected to generate a global shell of disturbed material sweeping through the heliosphere. A cluster of shocks and interplanetary CMEs were observed near the Earth, and are propagated outward from 1 AU using an MHD model. The transient streams interact with each other, which erases memory of the source and results in a large merged interaction region (MIR) with a preceding shock. The MHD model predicts that the shock and MIR would reach 120 AU around 2013 April 22, which agrees well with the period of radio emissions and the time of a transient disturbance in galactic cosmic rays detected by Voyager 1. These results are important for understanding the “fate” of CMEs in the outer heliosphere and provide confidence that the heliopause is located around 120 AU from the Sun.
Analysis of Adverse Drug Events of Opioids in the United States

The United States (US) is going through an opioid crisis with annual increases in opioid-related mortality. Our study analyzed the adverse drugs events (ADEs) for eleven prescription opioids when correcting for distribution, and their ratios for three periods: 2006-2010, 2011-2016, and 2017-2021 in the US. The opioids included buprenorphine, codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, and tapentadol. The Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database consists of reports by MedWatch adverse event forms submitted by healthcare professionals and others (N=667,969), whereas the Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) reports on medically used controlled substances. Oral morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) were calculated by conversion relative to morphine. The relative ADEs of the select opioids calculated from FAERs, opioid distribution from ARCOS, and the FAERs to ARCOS ratios were analyzed for the eleven opioids. Oxycodone reports peaked in the third period and showed consistently high ADEs. Codeine and meperidine accounted less than five percent of ADEs. The ARCOS distributions were relatively constant over time, but methadone consistently accounted for the largest portion of the total distribution. The FAERS to ARCOS ratios generally increased over time, with meperidine (60.6), oxymorphone (11.1), tapentadol 10.3, and hydromorphone (7.9) most over-represented for ADEs in the third period. Oxymorphone had a 542.2% increase in ratio between the second and third period should be noted. Methadone was under-represented (< .20) in all three periods. These findings indicate the need to further monitor and address the ADEs of select opioids.
Manipulation of Giant Faraday Rotation in Graphene Metasurfaces

Faraday rotation is a fundamental magneto-optical phenomenon used in various optical control and magnetic field sensing techniques. Recently, it was shown that a giant Faraday rotation can be achieved in the low-THz regime by a single monoatomic graphene layer. Here, we demonstrate that this exceptional property can be manipulated through adequate nano-patterning, notably achieving giant rotation up to 6THz with features no smaller than 100nm. The effect of the periodic patterning on the Faraday rotation is predicted by a simple physical model, which is then verified and refined through accurate full-wave simulations.
The trace of a substantial assembly of massive E-S0 galaxies at 0.8 < z < 1.5 in galaxy number counts

K-band galaxy number counts (GNCs) exhibit a slope change at K~17.5 mag not present in optical bands. To unveil the nature of this feature, we have derived the contribution of different galaxy types to the total K-band GNCs at 0.3 2 cannot predict the slope change, whereas those imposing a relatively late assembly on them (z<1.5) can reproduce it. The K-band GNCs by redshift bins and morphological types point to a progressively definitive build-up of ~50% of this galaxy population at 0.8<z<1.5, which can be explained only through the major mergers reported by observations. We conclude that the slope change in total K-band GNCs is a vestige of the definitive assembly of a substantial fraction of present-day massive E-S0's at 0.8<z<1.5.
Correlators, probabilities and topologies in = 4 SYM

We calculate transition probabilities for various processes involving giant gravitons and small gravitons in AdS space, using the dual = 4 SYM theory. The normalization factors for these probabilities involve, in general, correlators for manifolds of non-trivial topology which are obtained by gluing simpler four-manifolds. This follows from the factorization properties which relate CFT correlators for different topologies. These points are illustrated, in the first instance, in the simpler example of a two dimensional Matrix CFT. We give the bulk five dimensional interpretation, involving neighborhoods of Witten graphs, of these gluing properties of the four dimensional boundary CFT. As a corollary we give a simple description, based on Witten graphs, of a multiplicity of bulk topologies corresponding to a fixed boundary topology. We also propose to interpret the correlators as topology-changing transition amplitudes between LLM geometries.
Identifying birth places of young isolated neutron stars

Young isolated radio-quiet neutron stars are still hot enough to be detectable at X-ray and optical wavelengths due to their thermal emission and can hence probe cooling curves. An identification of their birth sites can constrain their age. For that reason, we try to identify the parent associations for four of the so-called Magnificent Seven neutron stars for which proper motion and distance estimates are available. We are tracing back in time each neutron star and possible birth association centre to find close encounters. The associated time of the encounter expresses the kinematic age of the neutron star which can be compared to its characteristic spin-down age. Owing to observational uncertainties in the input data, we use Monte Carlo simulations and evaluate the outcome of our calculations statistically. RX J1856.5−3754 most probably originated from the Upper Scorpius association about 0.3 Myr ago. RX J0720.4−3125 was either born in the young local association TW Hydrae about 0.4 Myr ago or in Trumpler 10 0.5 Myr in the past. Also RX J1605.3 + 3249 and RBS 1223 seem to come from a nearby young association such as the Scorpius-Centraurus complex or the extended Corona-Australis association. For RBS 1223 also a birth in Scutum OB2 is possible. We also give constraints on the observables as well as on the radial velocity of the neutron star. Given the birth association, its age and the flight time of the neutron star, we estimate the mass of the progenitor star. Some of the potential supernovae were located very nearby (<100 pc) and thus should have contributed to the 10Be and 60Fe material found in the Earth's crust. In addition, we reinvestigate the previously suggested neutron star/runaway pair PSR B1929+10/ζ Ophiuchi and conclude that it is very likely that both objects were ejected during the same supernova event.
Determinants of a sense of insecurity among home-dwelling older people

Aims: A sense of insecurity may have an impact on older people’s well-being and their courage to engage actively in meaningful activities. Studies on a sense of insecurity among older people are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which home-dwelling older adults perceive their life as being insecure and how a sense of insecurity is associated with their health, functional status, active social engagement, well-being and perceptions of the societal treatment of older people. Methods: This study is part of the Helsinki Aging Study, a cohort study ongoing since 1989. Data were collected using a postal questionnaire that was mailed in 2019 to a random sample of home-dwelling older people ⩾75 years of age living in Helsinki (N=2917; response rate 74%). The questionnaire inquired about the respondents’ sense of security/insecurity, and they were subcategorised into those feeling secure and those feeling insecure based on their answers. Results: Seven per cent of respondents felt insecure in their lives. In a stepwise logistic regression analysis, loneliness, living alone and perceived poor societal treatment of older people were associated with a sense of insecurity, while having good self-rated health, having children and meeting friends at least weekly were associated with lower odds of insecurity. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of recognising and combating loneliness, social isolation and societal ageism in order to reduce insecurity among older people and to support their active engagement in life.
Improving automated diagnosis of epilepsy from EEGs beyond IEDs

Objective. Clinical diagnosis of epilepsy relies partially on identifying interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in scalp electroencephalograms (EEGs). This process is expert-biased, tedious, and can delay the diagnosis procedure. Beyond automatically detecting IEDs, there are far fewer studies on automated methods to differentiate epileptic EEGs (potentially without IEDs) from normal EEGs. In addition, the diagnosis of epilepsy based on a single EEG tends to be low. Consequently, there is a strong need for automated systems for EEG interpretation. Traditionally, epilepsy diagnosis relies heavily on IEDs. However, since not all epileptic EEGs exhibit IEDs, it is essential to explore IED-independent EEG measures for epilepsy diagnosis. The main objective is to develop an automated system for detecting epileptic EEGs, both with or without IEDs. In order to detect epileptic EEGs without IEDs, it is crucial to include EEG features in the algorithm that are not directly related to IEDs. Approach. In this study, we explore the background characteristics of interictal EEG for automated and more reliable diagnosis of epilepsy. Specifically, we investigate features based on univariate temporal measures (UTMs), spectral, wavelet, Stockwell, connectivity, and graph metrics of EEGs, besides patient-related information (age and vigilance state). The evaluation is performed on a sizeable cohort of routine scalp EEGs (685 epileptic EEGs and 1229 normal EEGs) from five centers across Singapore, USA, and India. Main results. In comparison with the current literature, we obtained an improved Leave-One-Subject-Out (LOSO) cross-validation (CV) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.871 (Balanced Accuracy (BAC) of 80.9%) with a combination of three features (IED rate, and Daubechies and Morlet wavelets) for the classification of EEGs with IEDs vs. normal EEGs. The IED-independent feature UTM achieved a LOSO CV AUC of 0.809 (BAC of 74.4%). The inclusion of IED-independent features also helps to improve the EEG-level classification of epileptic EEGs with and without IEDs vs. normal EEGs, achieving an AUC of 0.822 (BAC of 77.6%) compared to 0.688 (BAC of 59.6%) for classification only based on the IED rate. Specifically, the addition of IED-independent features improved the BAC by 21% in detecting epileptic EEGs that do not contain IEDs. Significance. These results pave the way towards automated detection of epilepsy. We are one of the first to analyze epileptic EEGs without IEDs, thereby opening up an underexplored option in epilepsy diagnosis.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on referral numbers, diagnostic mix, and symptom severity in Eating Disorder Early Intervention Services in England

Abstract Objective First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders (FREED) is a service model and care pathway which aims to provide timely, well‐coordinated, developmentally informed and evidence‐based care for young people with eating disorders (EDs). This article investigates the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on FREED patient presentations and service provision in England. Method Data from three services spanning the pre‐ to post‐pandemic period were included (January 2019–September 2021; n = 502 patients). Run charts were created to analyze changes in monthly baseline patient data (e.g., referral numbers, duration of an untreated ED, diagnostic mix, and average body mass index for patients with anorexia nervosa [AN]). Results Significant increases in referral numbers were found from September 2020 onward, coinciding with the end of the first UK national lockdown. The percentage of AN presentations significantly increased after the onset of the first national lockdown (April 2020–December 2020). No other significant change patterns were identified. Discussion There have been substantial increases in referral numbers and presentations of AN to FREED services whereas illness severity seems largely unchanged. Together, this suggests that increased referrals cannot be attributed to milder presentations being seen. Implications for the implementation, funding, and sustainability of the model are discussed. Public Significance Our research suggests that early intervention eating disorder services across England faced significant increases in patient referrals and presentations of anorexia nervosa over the COVID‐19 pandemic. This increase in referrals is not due to a rise in milder eating disorder cases, as baseline symptom severity remained stable across the pandemic. Investment in early intervention for eating disorders must therefore match increased referral trends.
The physical structure of radio galaxies explored with three-dimensional simulations

We present a large systematic study of hydrodynamic simulations of supersonic adiabatic jets in three dimensions to provide a definitive set of results on exploring jet density, Mach number and precession angle as variables. We restrict the set-up to non-relativistic pressure-equilibrium flows into a homogeneous environment. We first focus on the distribution and evolution of physical parameters associated with radio galaxies. We find that the jet density has limited influence on the structure for a given jet Mach number. The speed of advance varies by a small factor for jet densities between 0.1 and 0.0001 of the ambient density while the cocoon and cavity evolution change from narrow pressure balanced to wide overpressure as the ratio falls. We also find that the fraction of energy transferred to the ambient medium increases with decreasing jet–ambient density ratio, reaching ≈80 per cent. This energy is predominantly in thermal energy with almost all the remainder in ambient kinetic form. The total energy remaining in the lobe is typically under 5 per cent. We find that radio galaxies with wide transverse cocoons can be generated through slow precession at low Mach numbers. We explore a slow precession model in which the jet direction changes very slowly relative to the jet flow dynamical time. This reveals two separated bow shocks propagating into the ambient medium, one associated with the entire lobe expansion and the other with the immediate impact zone. The lobes generated are generally consistent with observations, displaying straight jets but asymmetric lobes.
Retrospective evaluation of clinical and molecular data of 148 cases of esophageal atresia

Developmental abnormalities provide a unique opportunity to seek for the molecular mechanisms underlying human organogenesis. Esophageal development remains incompletely understood and elucidating causes for esophageal atresia (EA) in humans would contribute to achieve a better comprehension. Prenatal detection, syndromic classification, molecular diagnosis, and prognostic factors in EA are challenging. Some syndromes have been described to frequently include EA, such as CHARGE, EFTUD2‐mandibulofacial dysostosis, Feingold syndrome, trisomy 18, and Fanconi anemia. However, no molecular diagnosis is made in most cases, including frequent associations, such as Vertebral‐Anal‐Cardiac‐Tracheo‐Esophageal‐Renal‐Limb defects (VACTERL). This study evaluates the clinical and genetic test results of 139 neonates and 9 fetuses followed‐up at the Necker‐Enfants Malades Hospital over a 10‐years period. Overall, 52 cases were isolated EA (35%), and 96 were associated with other anomalies (65%). The latter group is divided into three subgroups: EA with a known genomic cause (9/148, 6%); EA with Vertebral‐Anal‐Cardiac‐Tracheo‐Esophageal‐Renal‐Limb defects (VACTERL) or VACTERL/Oculo‐Auriculo‐Vertebral Dysplasia (VACTERL/OAV) (22/148, 14%); EA with associated malformations including congenital heart defects, duodenal atresia, and diaphragmatic hernia without known associations or syndromes yet described (65/148, 44%). Altogether, the molecular diagnostic rate remains very low and may underlie frequent non‐Mendelian genetic models.
The Diameter of undirected graphs associated to plane tessellations

Thi s paper studi es the di ameter of sorne fami I i es of undirected graphs that can be associated to plane tessel lations which fu1 ly represent them. More precisely, we concentrate upon maximizing the order of the graphs for given values of their diameter and degree, where the study always leads to the optima'l solutions.
Association between hospital‐physician vertical integration and medication adherence rates

Abstract Objective To test the association between vertical integration of primary care providers (PCPs) and adherence rates for anti‐diabetics, renin angiotensin system antagonists (RASA), and statins. Data Sources Medicare Part B outpatient fee‐for‐service claims and Medicare Part D event data from 2014 to 2017. Study Design We estimated difference‐in‐differences regressions, comparing changes in adherence among patients with PCPs who converted from independent to integrated to changes among patients whose PCPs remained independent or integrated during the study period. To test for heterogenous impacts by patient demographics, we estimated triple difference regressions that included additional interaction terms by comorbidity rates, age group, and race/ethnicity. Extraction Methods We extracted Medicare claims for adults with continuous enrollment in Parts B and D during the study period. Principal Findings The proportion of patients who had a vertically integrated PCP increased by approximately 23% over the study period. Changes in adherence did not differ significantly between patients based on whether their PCP became integrated (Statins: 0.18, 95% CI −0.13, 0.49; RASA: −0.13, 95% CI −0.46, 0.19; Anti‐Diabetics: −0.20, 95% CI −0.78, 0.38). Among patients with PCPs who became integrated, there were significant decreases in adherence for patients who were Black, Asian, Hispanic, or Native American, above 80 years old, and had greater comorbidities for all three classes. Conclusions While there were no average changes in adherence following vertical integration of PCPs, health equity worsened, with significant declines in adherence for Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American patients, patients over 80 years old, and patients with greater comorbidities. These findings suggest that integration may reduce clinicians’ incentives to compete based on the quality of care delivered. Given the price increases associated with integration, integration may be a net welfare loss.