Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new vector representation of short texts for classification

Short and sparse characteristics and synonyms and homonyms are main obstacles for short-text classification. In recent years, research on short-text classification has focused on expanding short texts but has barely guaranteed the validity of expanded words. This study proposes a new method to weaken these effects without external knowledge. The proposed method analyses short texts by using the topic model based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), represents each short text by using a vector space model and presents a new method to adjust the vector of short texts. In the experiments, two open short-text data sets composed of google news and web search snippets are utilised to evaluate the classification performance and prove the effectiveness of our method.
Co-Stimulatory Receptors in Cancers and Their Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapeutic agents, are now approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of various types of cancer. However, the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs varies among patients and cancer types. Moreover, most patients do not develop durable antitumor responses after ICI therapy due to an ephemeral reversal of T-cell dysfunction. As co-stimulatory receptors play key roles in regulating the effector functions of T cells, activating co-stimulatory pathways may improve checkpoint inhibition efficacy, and lead to durable antitumor responses. Here, we review recent advances in our understating of co-stimulatory receptors in cancers, providing the necessary groundwork for the rational design of cancer immunotherapy.
Does bank health maer for corporate borrowers? Evidence from France

We investigate the extent to which bank nancial health aects rms’ nancial and real outcomes using a large panel dataset of more than 80.000 rms matched to 175 banks in France from 2008 to 2016. We provide evidence of the transmission of nancial shocks from the nancial to the real sphere through the banking system: rms that borrow from less capitalized banks tend to obtain less long-term credit and face higher funding costs. Furthermore, we nd that rms obtain less credit and face higher borrowing costs when their relationship bank sustained losses on its proprietary trading activities, with smaller rms being relatively more credit constrained than larger rms. Finally, we nd that bank shocks maer for real economic activity: rms borrowing from banks that sustained larger losses on proprietary trading activities also reduce investment, employment and the wage bill. ese ndings are consistent with a bank lending channel whereby nancial shocks aecting nancial intermediaries are passed onto borrowing rms in the form of tighter credit conditions.
Impact of relative and absolute financial risks on share prices: a Zimbabwe Stock Exchange perspective

The impact of financial risks on share prices concerns investors, company executives and accounting standards developers. Investors need this information in delineating their equity valuation models while company executives need the information to make appropriate capital structure decisions. Accounting standards developers use this information in their policy to make accounting standards contemporary. The authors examine the link between relative and absolute financial risks and share prices using a dynamic panel of non-financial listed companies on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange after dollarization. Equity investors incurred losses before dollarization, which prompted this investigation into the sphere of financial risks in order to explain share price movements so that investors can use it to minimize losses in the future. Absolute financial risk is measured by the total debt, while debt/equity ratio measures relative financial risk. Market capitalization as a proxy for equity and debt is measured by total liabilities. An average debt/equity ratio greater or equal to one qualifies a firm into the high-risk category while ratios below one imply low-risk firms. Results from two-step System Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) show negative and significant connection between relative risk and share prices across risk categories. The impact of absolute risk on share prices differs by risk category. Firm managers are advised to keep total liabilities below market capitalization in order to enjoy the benefits of low-risk categorization. Debt ratio is a reasonable indicator of value and investors can use it in equity valuation. Mandatory reporting of debt ratios should be considered by accounting standards developers.
Control in the human capital management system in the strategy of innovative development of a region

This research paper examines the control function and its importance in the processes of formation and development of human capital to ensure the innovative development of a region using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The authors have examined the main control mechanisms in the field of human capital training, as well as in the high-tech and innovative sectors of the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan, and they offer their own recommendations for its improvement. To conduct the study, statistical methods were used to collect and analyze data in order to identify the weaknesses and strengths in the system of monitoring the development of human capital. Based on the study, a model of innovative development of the Republic of Tatarstan, supplemented with control elements, was proposed in terms of providing it with human capital. The practical significance of the results obtained is to supplement the theoretical provisions of the control function in the system of state and regional management in the interests of innovative development.
Lipophilic Extractives of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) Barks

The aim of this study was to investigate the lipophilic extractives in the bark of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). The bark was separated into inner and outer bark region. The bark was ground to form powder and then was extracted by n-hexane at 90 oC for 6 hours. Further, n-hexane soluble extract was fractionated to obtain neutral-acidic fraction. The amounts of n-hexane extract of inner and outer bark were 0.63 and 0.54 % , respectively (based on oven dried wood). The extracts of n-hexane extract, neutral, and acidic fractions were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the lipophilic constituents. The lipophilic constituents composed of hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, fatty acids, terpenoids and sterols. After fractionation, sterols and terpenoids, was the most abundant in neutraf fractions whereas fatty acids were the major compounds in acidic fraction, particulary in the outer bark. The high levels of terpenoids and sterols in the barks should be followed by compound isolation and toxicity test in medicinal purposes point of view.
Sizing Up the Aggregate Frisch Elasticity from the U.S. Budget Sequestration "Experiment"∗

The aggregate Frisch elasticity is critical for the evaluation of the outcomes of alternative fiscal and monetary policies as well as of competing interpretations of important macroeconomic phenomena, but consensus about its magnitude remains elusive. The temporary government spending cuts initiated by a 2013 U.S. budget sequestration procedure had experiment-like features almost ideal for measuring that elasticity from the effects that that policy development induced on macroeconomic variables. The paper inspects those effects with a novel methodology that borrows its main elements from the “event study”and Business Cycle Accounting traditions. Its main finding is that studies that calibrate the aggregate Frisch elasticity to the budget sequestration evidence should favor values for that elasticity in the low end of the range of those that have been proposed as empirically plausible in the literature. JEL Classification: E62, E65, H3, H5, J22. ∗The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, or the Federal Reserve System. The authors are grateful for comments received from Nathan Balke, Mark Bils, Bill Dupor, William Roberds, and participants at the 2016 North American Summer Meeting of the Econometric Society, the 2016 Dynare conference, the 2017 Federal Reserve System Day-Ahead Meeting on Fiscal Policy, the 2017 annual conference in Computational Economics and Finance, and the 2017 joint meeting of the European Economic Association and the European Econometric Society. †Corresponding author. Senior Research Economist and Advisor. E-mail: carlos.zarazaga@dal.frb. org. Address: Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Research Department, 2200 N. Pearl St., Dallas, TX 75201. ‡Ph.D. candidate. E-mail: rhu@smu.edu. Address: Southern Methodist University, Department of Economics, 3300 Dyer Street Suite 301, Dallas, TX 75275.
Femtosecond interatomic charge and energy transfer in molecules and atomic dimers

1 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France 3 Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany 4 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany 5 J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA tatiana.marchenko@upmc.fr
Relatedness and Innovation: The Role Local and External Knowledge Preliminary Version*

We explore the role of local intraand extra-regional product-specific capabilities in fostering the introduction of new products by firms active in the Turkish manufacturing sector.We model firms’ product additions to their product basket as dependent on extraand intraregional knowledge. Firms’ product space evolution is characterised by strong cognitive path and place dependence. Technologically related intra-regional knowledge spillovers and firm internal capabilities appear as the only important drivers of new products additions vis-à-vis extra-regional knowledge spilling from imported inputs and foreign firms. However, when focusing on new products never produced before in the region, that is regional “discoveries”, external related knowledge spurring from foreign firms active in the same location as the innovating firm significantly matters. We interpret this finding as dependent on the higher level of product complexity which characterises regional “discoveries” with respect to goods already produced in the region. Finally, when we account for the level of complexity of new products, we find that technologically related capabilities accruing from foreign firms active in the local market are fundamental in fostering the introduction of new products with a high complexity level whereas low complexity goods are spurred by proximity to domestic and firms’ internal knowledge. Production capabilities transferred by foreign firms have, then, contributed to further stimulate production diversification and upgrading in some core regions, but at the same time they have also represented a key element for a possible structural break in less developed regions, even if Eastern regions are mainly excluded from this process. JEL: F11, F14, D22, D80, N30
New Evidence on International Risk-Sharing in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Abstract This paper explores income and consumption smoothing patterns among ECOWAS countries during the period 1980–2016. It is relevant given the willingness of heads of state in the region to create a single currency. Indeed, in a monetary union, asymmetric shocks are not problematic if risk-sharing mechanisms, other than the exchange rate, are in place to allow countries to adjust to specific shocks. The paper provides more information on the accounting decomposition of national aggregates allowing a better understanding of risk-sharing channels. Unlike previous studies in this area, we show that official development assistance and gross saving smooth out asymmetric shocks between ECOWAS countries. Besides, net taxes on products and production, respectively, social contributions and social benefits limit net primary incomes’ effectiveness, respectively, net secondary incomes to smooth asymmetric shocks. Moreover, we show that even if the degree of risk-sharing increases over time, it has remained limited. Also, market- based risk-sharing mechanisms are ineffective when they are most needed. That’s why ECOWAS countries need a supranational fiscal that could provide an additional tool to smooth asymmetric shocks in the region.
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and in vivo antiplasmodial activities of Acacia gourmaensis A. RICH. (Mimosaceae)

1Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques. Département de BiochimieMicrobiologie, Université Nazi BONI, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dsso 01, Burkina Faso. 2Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquées (LABIOCA), Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques. Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Ouaga I, 09 BP 848 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso. 3Direction Régionale de l’Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS-DRO/CNRST). BP 545 BoboDioulasso, Burkina Faso. 4Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques. Université Norbert ZONGO, 01 BP 376 Koudougou 01, Burkina Faso. 5Centre Muraz, BP 390, BoboDioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Predictors of Aggressive Behaviour in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Introduction: Aggressive behaviour is not the main symptom of autism spectrum disorders, and if it occurs in this population, it is a consequence of some other factors. Objectives: With regard to that, the aim of this paper is to determine to what extent certain aspects of executive functions, severity of autism, sleep habits, and parenting actions contribute to the manifestation of different forms of aggressive behaviour in children with an autism spectrum disorder. Methods: The sample included 40 children with autism spectrum disorders, 5-7 years of age (M=6.18, SD= .55). The following instruments were used in the assessment: The Children's Scale of Hostility and Aggression – Reactive/Proactive, Gilliam Autism Rating Scale – Third Edition, The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Results: The obtained results showed that sleep problems were the most significant predictor of verbal, physical and covert aggression. From the domain of behavioural aspects of executive functions, only task monitor was a significant predictor of bullying, and inhibit and shift were significant predictors of hostility. From the field of autistic disorders, significant predictors of aggressive behaviour were emotional responses (as predictors of bullying, covert aggression and hostility), and maladaptive speech (as a predictor of verbal aggression, covert aggression and hostility). Punitive discipline was a significant factor only in explaining verbal aggression. Conclusion: Practical implications of this research indicate that, in treating aggressive behaviour in children with ASD, more attention should be paid to sleep habits, practising task monitor, inhibit and shift skills, and avoiding rigorous punitive measures.
Electro-magneto-mechanical interactions in nonlinear vibrations of asynchronous electrical machines with air-gap eccentricity

This paper presents a multi-physics analytical model with a strong electro-magneto-mechanical coupling to simulate the dynamic behaviors of an asynchronous electrical machine with an air-gap eccentricity. The electromagnetic force including the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) is worked out based on virtual work method. By comparing the simulation results from the model coupled or not coupled with the mechanical part, the electro-magneto-mechanical interactions effect is studied in the case with static eccentricity. The parameters of a 7.5 Kw electric motor is used to validate part of the proposed model. Thanks to the framework of angular approaches, rich modulation phenomenas corresponding to strong coupling effect and characteristic frequency harmonics are identified in the simulation results spectrum. Mots clefs : Electro-magneto-mechanical coupling, unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP), air-gap eccentricity, displacement spectrum 24ème Congrès Français de Mécanique Brest, 26 au 30 Août 2019
Risk Modelling: Why and How Banks Cheat

This paper investigates how and when banks underreport market risk. We study hand-collected data on modelling and disclosure choices and examine how they relate to the level and accuracy of predicted Value-at-Risk (VaR). We find that more elaborate modelling and more transparent reporting can correspond to more accurate and/or conservative VaR-predictions. Using longer-than-required historical data and relying on external scaling to approximate required holding periods, however, also enables distressed banks to report lower and/or less accurate VaR. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods, instead, which are generally more accurate, seem to be abandoned over time. JEL Classification: G01, G21, G28
Polymyalgia rheumatica -- a clinical study with particular reference to arterial disease.

: The clinical and laboratory findings in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica are described and reviewed against a background of 59 cases. An increased incidence of the disease in summer and winter was noted. The necessity for a sedimentation rate of 50 mm/1 hour as a diagnostic criteria is questioned and the difficulties in management are discussed. The value of examining the vascular tree is emphasized, since vascular bruits and tenderness may be found which disappear with treatment. Viral antibody studies produced negative results. However, an arterial basis for the disease is confirmed by lymphocyte transformation studies. An hypothesis is suggested that an autoallergic reaction to an antigen in the internal elastic lamina may explain the clinical, biochemical and histological abnormalities.
Suspensive and Disfluent Self Interruptions in French Language Interactions

The numerous variations in verbal fluency are characteristic of oral utterances in conversation and can involve morpho-syntactic disruptions. This study focuses on self-breaks in verbal flow, whether or not they give rise to a disfluent sequence. Following Shriberg (1995) the structure description of oral interruptions (Reparandum, Interregnum, Reparans), we noted all the self-breaks along with their morpho-syntactic effects, in the eight dilogues of the CID (Corpus of Interactional Data). Our method, focusing on the self-breaks points, describes the identification and annotation procedures. It enabled us to introduce a classification of different oral phenomena relating to self-interruption and disfluency. In many cases they are followed by acoustic markers, verbal phenomena and morpho-syntactic consequences. This study made it possible to study the relationships between the interruptions themselves and their consequences. The syntagmatic process, when interrupted, was not always disrupted from a syntactic point of view: half of these ruptures are merely suspensive, the others are disfluent. The suspensive self-breaks happen with a certain regularity and their frequency has a low variation between the speakers. Considering the disfluent interruptions, it is quite different: they have a high variation. Our hypothesis is that the frequency of the suspensive breaks remaining homogeneous seems to be an essential component of speech flow. Disfluent breaks are much less frequent but the considerable variation between speakers suggests that they are representative of utterance characteristics specific to each speaker. This hypothesis is supported by the high tendency we observed: the quicker the speech, the more the speaker produces disfluent breaks. This parameter does not influence the production of suspensive self-interruptions. All types of insertion (in the Interregnum) are present in one or other of the cases of interruption although in varying degrees. The phenomenon of resuming an utterance (rather than letting it unfinished) after a disfluent self-break seemed to be a dominant characteristic of oral utterances. Moreover, if we compare the Interregnum content, these disfluencies are two kinds of separate phenomena. On another side, the percentage of disfluencies (length of self-break ratings and disfluency phenomena) compared to the length of informative content in the oral utterances varies from one speaker to the next. This ratio is relevant since the length of time spent on non-informative utterance represents at least a third of the total speaking time.
Behavioural laws for dams

Engineering teams often use finite elements numerical simulations to study large hydraulic structures. In particular, the models for concrete dams must represent the non-linear behaviour of the interfaces (rupture, sliding, contact) and take into account hydraulic flow through the openings of the structure. Our goal is to improve the understanding of the mechanical phenomena associated with fracture (e.g. friction, adhesion, dilatancy, hardening) and to enrich the existing behavioural laws. In particular, all the developments are made within the formalism of Generalized Standard Materials [3], by introduction of the damage-plasticity coupling in the energy function. Mots clefs: Loismécaniques, ouvrages hydrauliques, rupture, couplage endommagement-plasticité
Future Depth as Value Signal for Learning Collision Avoidance

—The constant miniaturization of robots reduces the array of available sensors. This raises the need for robust algorithms that allow robots to navigate without collision based solely on monocular camera input. Towards this goal, we propose a new learning-based method for the task of obstacle avoidance. We propose a neural network policy for monocular collision avoidance with self-supervision that does not require actual collisions during training. To this end, we demonstrate that a neural network is capable of evaluating an input image and action by predicting the expected depth in the future. In this sense, the future depth can be seen as an action-value-signal. In comparison with our baseline model that is based on predicting collision probabilities, we show that using depth requires less data and leads to more stable training without need for actual collisions. The latter can be especially useful if the autonomous robot is more fragile and not capable to deal with collisions (e.g. aerial robots). The proposed method is evaluated thoroughly in simulation in a ROS-Gazebo-Tensorﬂow framework and will be made available on publication 2 .
Compressive Sampling and Least Squares based Reconstruction of Correlated Signals

—This paper presents a novel sampling scheme for the acquisition of an ensemble of correlated (lying in an a priori unknown subspace) signals at a sub-Nyquist rate. We propose an implementable sampling architecture that acquires structured samples of the signals. We then show that a much fewer of these samples compared to what is dictated by the Shannon-Nyquist sampling theorem sufﬁce for exact signal reconstruction. Quantitatively, we show that an ensemble of M correlated signals each of which is bandlimited to W/ 2 and can be expressed as the linear combination of R underlying signals can be acquired at roughly RW (to with log factors) samples per second. This is a considerable gain in sampling rate compared to MW samples required by Shannon-Nyquist sampling in the case when M (cid:29) R . We propose a simple least squares program for the reconstruction of the correlated signal ensemble. This result is in stark contrast with the previous work, where a prohibitively computationally expensive semideﬁnite program is required for signal reconstruction.