Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEXING RAZORBILLS ALCA TORDA BREEDING AT MACHIAS SEAL ISLAND, NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA, USING DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS

Grecian V.D, Diamond A.W. & Chardine J.W. 2003. Sexing Razorbills Alca torda breeding at Machias Seal Island, New Brunswick, Canada, using discriminant function analysis. Atlantic Seabirds 5(2): 73-80. In 2000 and 2001, we determined the sex of 80 adult Razorbills Alca torda caught on Machias Seal Island, New Brunswick, Canada, 71 birds in 2000 and 9 in 2001. Sex was determinedfor the 2000 birds using DNA from feathers, andfor the 2001 captures using behavioural observations. Males averaged significantly larger than females in head+bill (3% larger), culmen (3%) and bill depth(4%). Discriminant FunctionAnalysis (DFA) was used to classify birds that were not sexed. The function correctly classified 78% of birds using the linear measurements (head+bill, bill depth, wing chord, and tarsus) and 79% when a stepwise procedure was used. The highest classification success rate (80%) resulted from using only head+bill and bill depth. Bill size ofRazorbills from Quebec and Labrador is very similar to those from Machias Seal Island, suggesting that the functions reportedhere may apply throughoutthe
Relationship between fish body and sagittal otolith morphometrics in the pool barb Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) from the Ganga and Punpun rivers of Bihar, India

The present study estimated the morphometric relationships between body and sagittal otolith of the economically and nutritionally important pool barb Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822). A total of 266 fish specimens were collected monthly from the Ganga and Punpun rivers of Bihar, India from September 2021 to March 2022 Length-weight relationships (LWRs), length frequency distribution, condition factor and otolith aspect ratio were assessed. The fish length and weight ranged from 5.57 cm to 11.17 cm and 1.18 g to 18.98 g, respectively. The b value in LWRs (b>3) were estimated as 3.20 and 3.17 for Ganga and Punpun, respectively. Condition factors indicated optimal growth conditions for this species in both the rivers. The fish and otolith morphometrics showed a positive correlation, and the highest coefficient of determination (R2) was observed between total fish length and otolith weight (R2= 0.942) followed by fish length and otolith length (R2=0.90). All of these relationships are significant to fisheries management and useful for future time series studies on food-feeding habits, stock structure, environmental change and resource conservation. Keywords : Coefficient of determination, Condition factor, Fish otolith, Growth, Length-weight relationship
Emissions of coalbed and natural gas methane from abandoned oil and gas wells in the United States

Recent work indicates that oil and gas methane (CH4) inventories for the United States are underestimated. Here we present results from direct measurements of CH4 emissions from 138 abandoned oil and gas wells, a source currently missing from inventories. Most abandoned wells do not emit CH4, but 6.5% of wells had measurable CH4 emissions. Twenty‐five percent of wells we visited that had not been plugged emitted > 5 g CH4 h−1. Stable isotopes indicate that wells emit natural gas and/or coalbed CH4. We estimate that abandoned wells make a small contribution (<1%) to regional CH4 emissions in our study areas. Additional data are needed to accurately determine the contribution of abandoned wells to national CH4 budgets, particularly measurements in other basins and better characterization of the abundance and regional distribution of high emitters.
Forms of hydrothermal and hydraulic flow in a homogeneous unconfined aquifer

SUMMARY Groundwater flow in an unconfined aquifer (a porous layer with an open top) can be driven either by hydraulic forces, i.e. the gradient of the water table, or by differences in the density of porewater due to thermal expansion and changes in salinity. In this study we assume that the salinity is constant, and we investigate the spatial forms of the hydraulic and hydrothermal flows, with emphasis on the case where both components are present. Since basic flow patterns are under consideration, the simple case of a homogeneous (but anisotropic) layer is studied by numerical solution of the governing equations. When the surface hydraulic gradient is zero, free thermal convection can occur in strictly cellular forms. Just above the critical Rayleigh number the first form of convection is 2-D rolls; later square cells become stable. These flows exhibit asymmetrical patterns due to the different conditions prevailing at the top and bottom boundaries. In natural circumstances no strict cellularity can be expected: instead of regular squares, irregular polygonal cells develop and remain time-dependent. When the hydraulic governing force is added to the thermal forces, i.e. the gradient of the water table is no longer zero, first we have polygonal cells. When the hydraulic gradient increases gradually, the polygons are replaced by longitudinal rolls (i.e. rolls parallel to the gradient direction). This occurs in a regime where the hydrothermal and hydraulic governing forces are equally important. Later, when the hydraulic gradient is even higher, the flow pattern changes abruptly to transverse rolls. At low anisotropies, these transverse rolls drift with the main hydraulic flow in the direction of the slope of the water table. Finally, at strong hydraulic gradients, the cells of convection are completely suppressed by the fast hydraulic flow, which is now organized in a ‘unicell’ form. Domain boundaries are established for all these circulation patterns as functions of the Rayleigh number, surface hydraulic gradient and anisotropy. Characteristics of the heat transfer are also analysed.
Global gyrokinetic simulations of electrostatic microturbulent transport in LHD stellarator with boron impurity

Global gyrokinetic simulations of electrostatic microturbulent transport for discharge # 166256 of the Large Helical Device stellarator in the presence of boron impurity show the co-existence of the ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence and trapped electron mode (TEM) turbulence before and during boron powder injection. ITG turbulence dominates in the core, whereas TEM dominates near the edge, consistent with the experimental observations. Linear TEM frequency increases from ∼80 kHz to ∼100 kHz during boron injection, and ITG frequency decreases from ∼20 kHz to ∼13 kHz, consistent with the experiments. The poloidal wave number spectrum is broad for both ITG (0–0.5 mm−1) and TEM (0–0.25 mm−1). The nonlinear simulations with boron impurity show a reduction in the heat conductivity compared to the case without boron. The comparison of the nonlinear transport before and during boron injection shows that the ion heat transport is substantially reduced in the region where the TEM is dominant. However, the average electron heat transport throughout the radial domain and the average ion heat transport in the region where the ITG is dominant are similar. The simulations with boron show the effective heat conductivity values qualitatively agree with the estimate obtained from the experiment.
One-Dimensional Infiltration into Layered Soils

An equation in algebraic form has been developed to describe one-dimensional infiltration into layered soils. The effect of soil properties upon the infiltration process is readily observable in this equation. This equation can be reduced to an equation describing infiltration into homogeneous soil by considering the soil profile as being one layer. The validity of this developed equation has been shown by the study of two cases of two-layered soils. Good agreement between published and computed infiltration data is obtained.
Life History, Ecology and Population Status of Migratory Bull Trout (salvelinus confluentus) in the Flathead Lake and River System

Life history, ecology, and population trends ofmigratory bull trout (Sabelinus confluentus) were investigated in the Flathead Lake and River system of northwest Montana and southeast Brit ish Columbia. We conducted these studies to obtain information to manage the species in l ight of threats posed by timber harvest, hydropower development, and a proposed coal mine. We estimated that about half the adult bull trout in Flathead Lake enbarked on a spawning migration from May through July, swimming 88-250 km to reach tributaries of the North and Middle Forks of the Flathead River. Bull trout entered the tributaries when water temperatures dropped below l2oC, and spawned from late August through early October after water temperatures were below 9oC. They spawned in areas of tributaries with low gradient, loosely compacted gravel, groundwater influence, and cover. After spawning, females left the tributaries and returned to the lake sooner than males. Most spawners were six or seyen years old and they averaged 628 mm in length. Juveniles were found close to the substrate in streams with summer maximum temperatures less than l5oC. Juveniles migrated out of the tributaries to the river system from June through August, at age I (18%), lI(49yo),IlI(32%), and IV (l%). Population status was monitored through redd counts and estimates of juvenile abundance in natal tributaries. The population may be l imited by quantity and quality of rearing and spawnrng habitat, and spawning escapement. Specific requirements for spawning and rearing habitat, and general sensitivity of each life stage, make the bull trout an excellent indicator of environmental disturbance.
Characters of Summer Precipitation in Jiangsu Province and Its Correlations with Pacific SSTA

With the summer rainfall data from 13 stations in Jiangsu from 1960 to 2000 and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly data,characters of summer precipitation in Jiangsu and its relations with Pacific SSTA(sea surface temperature anomaly) are investigated.Conclusions are as follows:obvious interannunal variations can be seen in summer precipitation,and the interannual precipitation change is positive.During flood(drought) years there was "+-+"("-+-")anomaly pattern at 500 hPa height field from low to high latitudes over East Asia.Correlation between summer precipitation and the index of East Asia monsoon is negative.Positive correlation was found between the north Pacific SSTA in the preceeded winter and the summer precipitation in Jiangsu,also between the eastern equatoral Pacific SSTA in the spring and the summer precipitation.
Assessment of Yield and Yield Attributes of Tossa Jute as Affected by Variety and Field Duration

A study was conducted at the Jute Research Sub-Station (JRSS), Tarabo, Narayanganj in 2022 to find out the suitable varieties and field duration for tossa jute (Corcorus olitorius) harvesting for better fibre and stick yield production. The treatment was assigned of tossa jute varieties (3) viz., BJRI Tossa pat-7, Robi-1 (BJRI Tossa pat-8) and Indian variety JRO-524 and four field durations viz. 90, 100, 110, and 120 days, respectively. A factorial RCBD design with three replications was used. Results showed that varieties and field duration significantly affected plant height, base diameter, fibre yield and stick yield. The var. JRO-524 had the highest fibre yield (2.30 tha−1) than BJRI Tossa Pat-7 and Robi-1(2.10 tha−1 and 2.25 tha−1 respectively) when harvested at 90 days after sowing (DAS). On the other hand, BJRI Tossa pat-7 and Robi-1 produced significantly higher fibre yields (3.20 tha−1 and 3.55 tha−1; 3.45 tha−1 and 3.80 tha−1 respectively) and stick yields (6.15 tha−1, and 6.25 tha−1; 6.67 tha−1, and 6.84 tha−1 respectively) at harvesting 110 and 120 DAS. The results showed that var. BJRI Tossa pat-7 and BJRI Tossa pat-8 could be a better fibre yield and stick yield production when it could be harvested at 120 DAS. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2023, 26(1): 18-27
Molecular Characterization of Ciborinia camelliae Kohn Shows Intraspecific Variability and Suggests Transcontinental Movement of the Pathogen

Ciborinia camelliae Kohn is the causal agent of camellia flower blight. The fungus infects only the flowers of camellias. C. camelliae isolates obtained from symptomatic samples, collected in 13 different localities worldwide, were characterized by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) using the following: (i) a nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer; (ii) subunit 2 of β-tubulin (β-TUB II), (iii) elongation factor 1-α (EF1α); and (iv) glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). The variability of the strains was assessed using a universally primed–polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) with six universal primers. Gene sequence comparison showed high similarity among all the European strains and highlighted the diversity of the New Zealand and Chinese representative strains. The profiles obtained by UP-PCR confirmed the significant diversity of extra-European strains and identified subgroups within the European population. The presence of shared genetic profiles obtained from strains isolated in different countries (New Zealand and France) suggests the movement of strains from one location to another, which is probably due to the exchange of infected plant material. Moreover, our study shows the overall high intraspecific variability of C. camelliae, which is likely due to the sexual reproduction of the fungus, suggesting the risk of emergence of new pathotypes adapting to novel camellia varieties.
Survey of Public Attitudes toward the Secondary Use of Public Healthcare Data in Korea

Objectives Public healthcare data have become crucial to the advancement of medicine, and recent changes in legal structure on privacy protection have expanded access to these data with pseudonymization. Recent debates on public healthcare data use by private insurance companies have shown large discrepancies in perceptions among the general public, healthcare professionals, private companies, and lawmakers. This study examined public attitudes toward the secondary use of public data, focusing on differences between public and private entities. Methods An online survey was conducted from January 11 to 24, 2022, involving a random sample of adults between 19 and 65 of age in 17 provinces, guided by the August 2021 census. Results The final survey analysis included 1,370 participants. Most participants were aware of health data collection (72.5%) and recent changes in legal structures (61.4%) but were reluctant to share their pseudonymized raw data (51.8%). Overall, they were favorable toward data use by public agencies but disfavored use by private entities, notably marketing and private insurance companies. Concerns were frequently noted regarding commercial use of data and data breaches. Among the respondents, 50.9% were negative about the use of public healthcare data by private insurance companies, 22.9% favored this use, and 1.9% were “very positive. ” Conclusions This survey revealed a low understanding among key stakeholders regarding digital health data use, which is hindering the realization of the full potential of public healthcare data. This survey provides a basis for future policy developments and advocacy for the secondary use of health data.
Towards Subdaily Rainfall Disaggregation via Clausius–Clapeyron

AbstractTwo lines of research are combined in this study: first, the development of tools for the temporal disaggregation of precipitation, and second, some newer results on the exponential scaling of heavy short-term precipitation with temperature, roughly following the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) relation. Having no extra temperature dependence, the traditional disaggregation schemes are shown to lack the crucial CC-type temperature dependence. The authors introduce a proof-of-concept adjustment of an existing disaggregation tool, the multiplicative cascade model of Olsson, and show that, in principal, it is possible to include temperature dependence in the disaggregation step, resulting in a fairly realistic temperature dependence of the CC type. They conclude by outlining the main calibration steps necessary to develop a full-fledged CC disaggregation scheme and discuss possible applications.
Fuzzy-TOPSIS and the Urgency-Seriousness-Growth Scoring Technique to Determine Weights of Uncertainty Issues in School Reopening Factors During COVID-19

The decision to open schools during a pandemic is considerable controversy because it increases the risk of a spike in COVID-19 cases more quickly. However, the decision to open schools is currently based solely on national policies, which generalize opening schools in every region, potentially leading to unintended consequences during the COVID-19 crisis. This study aims to present new decision-making to rank regions determining which schools are safe to open. By focusing on problem prioritization, we integrate the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on a fuzzy approach and the Urgency-Seriousness-Growth (USG) scoring technique, which we call FT-USG. First, we determine the weight of the expert's argument while putting special attention on the level of urgency, seriousness, and growth of COVID-19 to the school opening issue. The fuzzy number is then calculated based on the average weight generated from the USG result. Thus, the weighted normalization computations can be executed on each factor (criteria). Then, we calculate the rankings for each alternative using the Fuzzy TOPSIS method to determine which region and school can safely reopen. To provide a comprehensive ranking that serves as a basis for decision-making, we conduct a case study to show how the suggested approach is used to address the problems.
EXPLORING FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ PARTICIPATION IN ONLINE SHOPPING DAYS: USING DOUBLE 11 DAY AS AN EXAMPLE

ABSTRACT As online shopping days gain popularity, understanding how consumers decide to participate in an online shopping day becomes increasingly important. Extant studies on online shopping days have considered participation intention as a personal intention, which does not allow for a complete understanding of group actions like shopping day participation. Thus, our study’s investigation of online shopping focuses on group intention. This study considers participation in an online shopping day as a form of group behavior and, to explain such behavior, develops a conceptual model based on the model of goal-directed behavior. Ladder interviews are used to identify the features of an online shopping day and the kinds of value that drive consumers to participate in an online shopping day. We find that excitement, fun and enjoyment of life, a sense of accomplishment, a sense of belonging, and self-respect are the major types of value that motivate consumers to participate. Furthermore, two online surveys and a structural equation modeling are conducted to test the conceptual model. The result shows that positive anticipated emotions, group norms, and social identity can increase consumers’ desire, we-intention, and participation behavior. Our findings can help marketers and online store managers devise strategies to attract consumers to participate in online shopping days.
Evaluation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during the post-COVID-19 period in patients treated with steroids during the illness

ABSTRACT Objective: COVID-19 is a multisystem immunoinflammatory disorder, and the hypothalamo–pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be affected by SARS-CoV-2 as well as by steroid treatment during the illness. Information on the HPA axis after recovering from COVID-19, especially in those treated with steroids, is sparse. Hence, this study was performed to evaluate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during the post-COVID-19 period in patients treated with steroids during the illness. Subject and methods: This prospective study involved 60 patients aged 18-60 years who had recovered from moderate or severe COVID-19 and had received steroid treatment during the illness. The HPA axis was assessed with a low-dose (1 mcg) adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test at 3, 6 and 9 months in the post-COVID period. Results: The HPA axis was suppressed in 31.66% of the patients at 3 months and 5% at 6 months; however, all patients recovered at 9 months. Cumulative steroid use during the illness was inversely correlated with stimulated cortisol at 3 months in the post-COVID period. Fatigue was present in 58.33% of the patients at 3 months and was more prevalent in those with HPA axis suppression. Conclusion: Nearly one-third of the patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 who were treated with steroids had suppressed HPA axis at 3 months, with gradual recovery over a period of 9 months. Cumulative steroid equivalent dose, but not disease severity, was predictive of HPA axis suppression at 3 months.
Preferences of Pregnant and Postpartum Women for Differentiated Service Delivery in Kenya

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Differentiated service delivery models are implemented by HIV care programs globally, but models for pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (PPWH) are lacking. We conducted a discrete choice experiment to determine women's preferences for differentiated service delivery. Setting: Five public health facilities in western Kenya. Methods: PPWH were enrolled from April to December 2022 and asked to choose between pairs of hypothetical clinics that differed across 5 attributes: clinic visit frequency during pregnancy (monthly vs. every 2 months), postpartum visit frequency (monthly vs. only with routine infant immunizations), seeing a mentor mother (each visit vs. as needed), seeing a clinician (each visit vs. as needed), and basic consultation cost (0, 50, or 100 Kenya Shillings [KSh]). We used multinomial logit modeling to determine the relative effects (β) of each attribute on clinic choice. Results: Among 250 PPWH (median age 31 years, 42% pregnant, 58% postpartum, 20% with a gap in care), preferences were for pregnancy visits every 2 months (β = 0.15), postpartum visits with infant immunizations (β = 0.36), seeing a mentor mother and clinician each visit (β = 0.05 and 0.08, respectively), and 0 KSh cost (β = 0.39). Preferences were similar when stratified by age, pregnancy, and retention status. At the same cost, predicted market choice for a clinic model with fewer pregnant/postpartum visits was 75% versus 25% for the standard of care (ie, monthly visits during pregnancy/postpartum). Conclusion: PPWH prefer fewer clinic visits than currently provided within the standard of care in Kenya, supporting the need for implementation of differentiated service delivery for this population.
Hexadecanamide alleviates Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses and restoring blood-milk barrier integrity

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has been demonstrated to promote the development of mastitis, one of the most serious diseases in dairy farming worldwide, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Using untargeted metabolomics, we found hexadecanamide (HEX) was significantly reduced in rumen fluid and milk from cows with SARA-associated mastitis. Herein, we aimed to assess the protective role of HEX in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)- and SARA-induced mastitis and the underlying mechanism. We showed that HEX ameliorated S. aureus-induced mastitis in mice, which was related to the suppression of mammary inflammatory responses and repair of the blood-milk barrier. In vitro, HEX depressed S. aureus-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway and improved barrier integrity in mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs). In detail, HEX activated PPARα, which upregulated SIRT1 and subsequently inhibited NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. In addition, ruminal microbiota transplantation from SARA cows (S-RMT) caused mastitis and aggravated S. aureus-induced mastitis, while these changes were reversed by HEX. Our findings indicate that HEX effectively attenuates S. aureus- and SARA-induced mastitis by limiting inflammation and repairing barrier integrity, ultimately highlighting the important role of host or microbiota metabolism in the pathogenesis of mastitis and providing a potential strategy for mastitis prevention.