Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Cosmology Results using Supernovae Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Survey Overview, Performance, and Supernova Spectroscopy

We present details on the observing strategy, data-processing techniques, and spectroscopic targeting algorithms for the first three years of operation for the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN). This five-year program using the Dark Energy Camera mounted on the 4 m Blanco telescope in Chile was designed to discover and follow supernovae (SNe) Ia over a wide redshift range (0.05 < z < 1.2) to measure the equation-of-state parameter of dark energy. We describe the SN program in full: strategy, observations, data reduction, spectroscopic follow-up observations, and classification. From three seasons of data, we have discovered 12,015 likely SNe, 308 of which have been spectroscopically confirmed, including 251 SNe Ia over a redshift range of 0.017 < z < 0.85. We determine the effective spectroscopic selection function for our sample and use it to investigate the redshift-dependent bias on the distance moduli of SNe Ia we have classified. The data presented here are used for the first cosmology analysis by DES-SN (“DES-SN3YR”), the results of which are given in Dark Energy Survey Collaboration et al. The 489 spectra that are used to define the DES-SN3YR sample are publicly available at https://des.ncsa. illinois.edu/releases/sn.
A RATIONAL TERMINAL VELOCITY EQUATION FOR BUBBLES AND DROPS AT INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBERS

In the process industries, many operations involve direct contact between fluid phases by dispersing one phase as drops or bubbles in another, continuous phase. Such operations include distillation in tray columns, gas absorption using tray columns, bubble columns, and impeller-agitated vessels, liquid/liquid extraction in spray columns and impeller-agitated vessels, and quenching of hot gas by bubbling through liquid. Chemical reaction may be present also in any of these operations. Usually, the quantitative description of mass and heat transfer in such dispersions requires knowledge
Adaptive Pyramid Context Fusion for Point Cloud Perception

Deep learning for 3-D point cloud perception has been a very active research topic in recent years. A current trend is toward the combination of the semantically strong and the fine-grained information from different scales of intermediate representations to boost network generalization power and robustness against scale variation. One prominent challenge is how to effectively conduct the allocation of multiple scales of information. In this letter, we propose a module, named adaptive pyramid context fusion (APCF), to adaptively capture scales of contextual information from a multiscale feature pyramid for the point cloud. The APCF module reweights and aggregates the features from different levels in the feature pyramid via a softmax attention strategy. The allocation of information is adaptively conducted level by level from bottom to up first and then from top to bottom. To ensure both effectiveness and efficiency, we propose a multiscale context-aware network APCF-Net through applying our proposed APCF to the PointConv architecture. Experiments demonstrate that APCF-Net surpasses its vanilla counterpart by a large margin both in effectiveness and efficiency. Especially, APCF-Net outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on 3-D object classification and semantic segmentation task, with the overall accuracy of 93.3% on ModelNet40 and mIoU of 63.1% on ScanNet V2 online test.
Incorporation of Titanium into Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieve SBA-15

Mesoporous silica molecular sieve SBA-15 has been synthesized and incorporated with variable amounts of titanium via incipient-wetness impregnation with titanium isopropoxide in ethanol followed by calcination. Characterization by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray photoelectron, Raman, and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet spectroscopies has been carried out to understand the chemical nature of the titanium. The results suggest that titanium is present in two distinct chemical forms and that their relative amounts depend on the titanium loading. At low titanium loading of 1 atom % relative to silicon, the titanium ions are monatomically dispersed and the pore size of SBA-15 is not altered. This isolated titanium species reaches a maximum concentration around 6 atom % relative to silicon. At higher titanium loading, titanium dioxide (anatase) is also formed. The materials with significant titanium dioxide formation have reduced pore diameters, which suggests that the titanium dioxide exist.
Creativity and security as a cultural recipe for entrepreneurship

Abstract We posit that societal cultural values of creativity and security are associated with the likelihood that a person will engage in a business start-up. Creativity supports the opportunity identification and security the opportunity exploitation aspects of entrepreneurship. In contrast, both emphasis on performance and acceptance of risk-taking may not play the role that is typically assumed. To verify our hypotheses we construct a multilevel dataset, combining Global Entrepreneurship Monitor individual-level data with country-level data from the World Values Survey. We use a multilevel logit model to address the hierarchical structure of our data. We found that odds of start-up engagement are higher if people in a society value security, yet also appreciate thinking up new ideas and being creative. Our results support McCloskey's distinction between aristocratic and bourgeois values, and John and Storr's proposition that different cultural traits support different aspects of entrepreneurship.
Institutionalization And Autonomy In Adolescents And Youth

The development of autonomy is influenced by different individual and contextual variables, that include socio-demographic and family/institutional (in cases where children live in residential care) background. Hence, the role residential care play in the process of providing children and youth at risk/danger with the adequate skills to prepare them to have an independent adult life is fundamental. A quantitative exploratory study was thus developed to characterize adolescents/young people autonomy (68.8% living in residential care) and to explore individual variables relevance in this area. Most of the participants lived in coastal areas of the country (69%), were female (76.2%) and age ranged between 13 and 24 (17.38±2.33). They completed the Autonomy Questionnaire for Adolescents. SPSS IBM 24 was used for data analysis and statistically significative differences were found (p˂.05): i) between males (with higher results) and females; ii) in functional autonomy according to age (higher scores among the 13-17 year-old group vs. 1824); iii) in functional and total autonomy, better in those living in residential care. These results stress the importance of investing in parental education initiatives that may foster the construction of youths’ autonomy in their own families considering the role played by gender and age in intervention. © 2020 Published by European Publisher.
In Silico Assessment of Class I Antiarrhythmic Drugs Effects on Pitx2-induced Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from Populations of Electrophysiological Models of Human Atrial Cells and Tissues

Electrical remodelling as a result of the homeodomain transcription factor 2 (Pitx2)‐ dependent gene regulation was linked to atrial fibrillation (AF) and AF patients with single nucleotide polymorphisms at chromosome 4q25 responded favorably to Class I antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). The possible reasons behind this remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of AADs disopyramide, quinidine, and propafenone on human atrial arrhythmias mediated by Pitx2-induced remodelling, from a single cell to the tissue level, using drug binding models with multi-channel pharmacology. Experimentally calibrated populations of human atrial action potential (AP) models in both sinus rhythm (SR) and Pitx2-induced AF conditions were constructed by using two distinct models to represent morphological subtypes of AP. Multi-channel pharmacological effects of disopyramide, quinidine, and propafenone were considered. Simulated results showed that Pitx2-induced remodelling increased maximum upstroke velocity (dVdtmax) and conduction velocity (CV), and decreased AP duration (APD) and wavelength (WL). At the concentrations tested in this study, these AADs decreased dVdtmax and CV and prolonged APD in the setting of Pitx2-induced AF. Our findings of alterations in WL indicated that quinidine and disopyramide may be more effective against Pitx2-induced AF by prolonging WL.
Barriers to assistance for women from marginalised Roma communities who are experiencing domestic violence

This paper deals with the issue of assistance for women from marginalised Roma communities who are experiencing domestic violence, which is a highly topical issue in the Slovak Republic. In the introduction, the paper focuses on clarifying the research problem, theoretical anchoring of the topic, and the research being carried out in this area. The more essential part includes the partial results of the longitudinal study on violence against Roma women (which started in 2016). The research objective was to identify the barriers to seeking assistance and the provision of this assistance for Roma women experiencing domestic violence. To achieve the research objective, the method of grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin version) was used. In the study, we conducted ten expert interviews with the representatives of selected organisations operating in Slovakia. They were the largest organisations operating in Slovakia. The analysis of the interviews showed that there are five main barriers to assistance for women from marginalised Roma communities who are experiencing domestic violence. These barriers are: prejudice and discrimination, downplaying and secondary victimisation by assisting professionals who are in first contact with the women experiencing the violence, unawareness of assistance opportunities among Roma women, inaccessibility of specialised services for victims of domestic violence, and, finally, multiple marginalisation of Roma women caused by poverty, community pressure, long-term unemployment, geographical isolation, and low standard of living. In the discussion section, the findings are compared with foreign findings by relevant authors.
Differences of Hemoglobin and Transferrin Level between Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis and Non-Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis in Children

Background: Gastritis can reduces the hemoglobin level. Based on previous study, gastritis resulted from Helicobacter pylori infection often correlated to anemia as the capability of Helicobacter pylori to obtain iron from hemoglobin and transferrin. Objective: To analysis the differences of hemoglobin and transferrin level between Helicobacter pylori gastritis and non-Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on outpatient and inpatient in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan and network hospitals on March – April 2020, subject ages from 2 to 18 years, diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori gastritis and non-Helicobacter pylori gastritis based on CLO test. Blood sample was taken from subjects to evaluate hemoglobin and transferrin level. Result: 54 subjects with gastrointestinal complaints were recruited. Subjects were divided into 2 groups based on CLO test, 32 subjects with Helicobacter pylori and 22 subjects without Helicobacter pylori. From blood sample analysis, mean hemoglobin and transferrin value from Helicobacter pylori group was 10.9 gr/dL and 253.5 mg/dL. Meanwhile, mean hemoglobin and transferrin value from non-Helicobacter pylori group was 10.8 gr/dL and 261.9 mg/dL. (p>0.05). Conclusion: No difference in hemoglobin and transferrin level between Helicobacter pylori gastritis and non-Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children.
Wollastonite as adsorbent for removal of Fe(II) from water

Wollastonite was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Fe(II) at different experimental conditions. The extent of removal is favourable at low concentration and low temperature. Maximum adsorption was noted at pH 4.0. The batch adsorption kinetics has been described by a first order rate expression, and the surface mass transfer coefficients and diffusion coefficients have been calculated at different temperatures. The intraparticle transport of Fe(II) within the pores of wollastonite is found to be the rate limiting step. The applicability of the Langmuir isotherm for the present system has been tested at different temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters indicate the exothermic nature of Fe(II) adsorption on wollastonite. The variation of adsorption with pH has been explained on the basis of interaction of iron species with negatively charged constituents of adsorbent.
Investigating in the J-curve phenomenon in Tunisia- ARDL bound test approach

This paper investigates the relationship between trade balance, real exchange rates, and incomes in Tunisia by adopting the autoregressive distributed model (ARDL) by using data over the period of 1980 to 2018. We also used the bound test cointegration between variables at a 10% significant level. Our findings show that the Tunisia economy does not match the Marshall-Lerner condition in the long run, that provides an accurate description of the particular situation for which a country currency devaluation or depreciation its currency under both fixed or floating regime is predicted to enhance the trade balance of a country, which means there is no j-curve phenomenon in the long run, which tries to differentiate between the change of short-run and long-run effects in the change of exchange rate on the trade balance. Our findings match the Marshall-Lerner condition in the short run and can confirm the existing j-curve in the case of Tunisia.
Race, Dehumanization, and the NFL National Anthem Protests

Abstract Dehumanizing language, or language used to describe human beings as non-human entities, is increasingly prevalent in political life. This dehumanization also occurs frequently in the world of sports. Sports and politics intersected notably in 2016, when Colin Kaepernick of the NFL’s San Francisco 49ers started protesting the national anthem to raise awareness about police violence against African-Americans. Kaepernick’s protests generated considerable vitriol towards him and other protesters, some of which was dehumanizing. In this study, I examine how dehumanizing language used against anthem protesters of different races influences political attitudes. Using experimental data, I find that, when a Black player protesting the national anthem is dehumanized, White citizens are considerably less supportive of the anthem protests and protesters. This effect does not persist when the dehumanized player is White.
Approximation by Parametric Extension of Szász-Mirakjan-Kantorovich Operators Involving the Appell Polynomials

The purpose of this article is to introduce a Kantorovich variant of Szász-Mirakjan operators by including the Dunkl analogue involving the Appell polynomials, namely, the Szász-Mirakjan-Jakimovski-Leviatan-type positive linear operators. We study the global approximation in terms of uniform modulus of smoothness and calculate the local direct theorems of the rate of convergence with the help of Lipschitz-type maximal functions in weighted space. Furthermore, the Voronovskaja-type approximation theorems of this new operator are also presented.
II. The energy spectrum of ejected atoms during the high energy sputtering of gold

Abstract Using the technique described in part I, the energy spectrum of sputtered atoms has been determined for several gold specimens, both single crystals and polycrystalline aggregates. The ⟨110⟩, ⟨110⟩ and ⟨121⟩ directions of ejection were chosen for the experiments. Bombardment was with either 43 kev A+ ions, 43 kev Xe+ ions or 66 kev Xe+ ions. The energies of the ejected atoms ranged from some 10−2 ev up to about 104 ev. A peak was generally observed in the energy spectrum between 1 and 10 ev. On the high energy side of this peak the spectrum behaved roughly like E −2, though there were significant deviations from this, particularly for ⟨100⟩ ejection. A theoretical model is developed in which ejection results principally from the generation of atomic collision cascades by the bombarding ion. The assumptions that energy in the cascades is shared by two-body collisions and that the mean collision free path is independent of energy lead to an E −2 spectrum and this prediction should hold roughly from.
Assessing ecohydrological separation in a northern mixed forest
biome using stable isotopes

Abstract. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the issue of ecohydrological separation during water uptake by vegetation. This has been spurred in part by the two water worlds hypothesis, whereby mobile blue water contributes to groundwater recharge and streamflow generation whereas less mobile green water held in the soil is taken up and transpired by vegetation. This study examines the potential for ecohydrological separation in a northern mixed forest in Ontario, Canada. Stable isotopic compositions of gross precipitation, bulk soil water and xylem water were measured throughout the 2016 growing season for four species: eastern white cedar, eastern hemlock, red oak and eastern white pine. Near-bole soil water contents and mobile soil water isotopic compositions were measured for the last three species. Mobile soil water did not deviate significantly from the local meteoric water line (LMWL); in contrast, both bulk soil water and xylem water deviated significantly from the LMWL, with xylem water significantly depleted in 18O and particularly 2H relative to bulk soil water. Near-surface bulk soil water experienced evaporative enrichment from pre-leaf out to peak leaf out under all tree canopies. There were inter-species differences in displacement of xylem water isotopic compositions from the LMWL and their temporal changes during the growing season, with those of coniferous species becoming isotopically enriched while those of red oak became more depleted in 2H and 18O. These divergences occurred despite thin soil cover (generally
Derived invariants for surface cut algebras of global dimension 2 II: the punctured case

Abstract For algebras of global dimension 2 arising from a cut of the quiver with potential associated with a triangulation of an unpunctured surface, Amiot-Grimeland defined integer-valued functions on the first homology groups of the surfaces. Derived equivalences translate to the existence of automorphisms of surfaces preserving these functions. We generalize this to punctured surfaces. Moreover, we show that all algebras of global dimension 2 arising from an arbitrarily punctured polygon are derived equivalent. We also combinatorially characterize the QPs of triangulations that do not admit cuts and those cuts that yield algebras of global dimension greater than 2.
Are Athlete-Owned Leagues a Viable Alternative for Professional Sport?

Sport leagues have been critiqued for their cartel-like behavior, monopsony power, and many occupational health risks to athletes. Athlete-owned sports leagues are an alternative way of organizing professional sport that may benefit athletes and the industry. This article examines the viability of athlete-owned leagues by reviewing theory and research on worker-owned firms and applying the findings to sports leagues with athlete ownership, with a focus on the Premier Lacrosse League. Five criteria are shown to affect the viability of worker ownership: heterogeneity of interests, capital-labor ratios, time horizons, motivation and efficiency, and conflict with capitalists. When applied to the sport industry, athlete ownership is likely in sports like beach volleyball and skateboarding but unlikely in sports like American football and soccer. Athlete-owned sports leagues have some benefits when compared with capitalist-owned leagues, but they will struggle in markets with incumbents.
Lessons Learned From a Descriptive Review of Rural Individualized Education Programs

Students who are eligible for special education and related services are entitled to a free appropriate public education (FAPE), which is delineated by the Individualized Education Program (IEP). The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine 133 IEPs from seven rural districts that were interested in evaluating their compliance with state and federal special education regulations. The researchers evaluated (a) the present level of academic and functional performance (PLAAFP), (b) IEP goals, (c) PLAAFP and goal alignment, and (d) progress monitoring. Fewer than 7% of the IEPs examined included PLAAFP statements, goals, and contingencies for progress monitoring that met regulatory standards. The majority of IEPs (74%) evaluated did not provide complete statements of how a student’s disability affected school performance. Methods for quantitative progress monitoring were also frequently absent from the documents (23%). Furthermore, the PLAAFP, goals, and progress monitoring were often unaligned. Implications for school practice and areas for future research are reported.
Pattern and Causes of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries Presented to a Tertiary Care Public Dental Hospital in Strictly Imposed COVID-19 Lockdown Scenario

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has indelibly impacted routine healthcare provision across the globe. Nevertheless, management of traumatic injuries has remained a priority patient care service of oral and maxillofacial (OMF) practice. This study aimed to explore the pattern and mechanisms of OMF injuries presenting at a major public dental hospital during a COVID-19 lockdown period in Sri Lanka. An enhanced OMF injury surveillance system was established at the National Dental Hospital (Teaching) Sri Lanka (NDHTSL) on 1 March 2020. OMF injury surveillance data from 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2020 were collated from the “enhanced injury surveillance form”. This period overlapped with the strictly imposed island-wide COVID-19 community lockdown. Pre-COVID-19 period (November 2017 to January 2020) OMF injury data were compared with this period. OMF injuries were categorized as hard tissue, extra-oral or intra-oral soft tissue, upper and middle face fractures and mandibular fractures. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests of significance. A total of 361 OMF injuries were identified among 208 patients who were predominantly males (71.6%); mean age was 24.95 ± 2.76 years. Injuries to gingivae and oral mucosa (26.9%) were the leading type, followed by extra-oral soft tissues (22.1%), periodontal injuries (20.7%) and hard tissue injuries (20.2%). Upper face and mandibular fractures accounted for 2.9% and 1.9%, respectively. Most patients sustained their injuries due to falls at their homes and surrounds. This was significantly increased compared to the pre-COVID-19 period (p = 0.0001). The significant increase in OMF injuries associated with falls around the home during the COVID-19 lockdown scenario in Sri Lanka compared to the pre-COVID-19 period may need further investigation in order to understand the how these injuries may be prevented.