Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sliding Window and Filterbank Utilization on Riemannian Geometry

Riemannian geometry-based signal processing approaches on EEG signals provides similar decoding performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. However, Riemannian geometry framework requires predefine EEG signal epoch that is to be used in the analysis. Sliding window approach that operates in Riemannian geometry proposed to enable use of EEG signals without constrained by the record length. Decoding performance of tangent space mapping was increased more than 6% in overall accuracy compared the previous study’s results. Instead of using single band-pass filter, utilization of filterbank is proposed to increase decoding performance. Distance based Riemannian classifier’s overall performance were increased by 5% compared to standard Riemannian geometry approach.
Violation Probability of Age of Information in a Multi-Source Status Update System

In the ever more real-time applications in Internet of Things (IoT), age of information (AoI) is usually applied to analyze system timeliness. The violation probability and distribution of AoI are sometimes alternatives to the average AoI since they are more practical for stricter timeliness requirements, especially when the AoI fluctuates greatly. This paper investigates the timeliness of a real-time IoT based multi-source system, which is abstracted as a multi-source M/M/1/1 bufferless preemptive queue. The violation probability and probability density function of the per-stream AoI are derived in closed form. It is proved that the violation probability and stability of per-stream AoI monotonically decrease with the arrival rate of the corresponding source. Numerical results verify the correctness of theoretical analyses.
Hard Disk Drive Failure Prediction Based on GRU Neural Network

Hard disk drive (HDD) failure prediction is critical for data center maintenance. The conventional long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks have been successfully used to predict the failure of HDD. However, the short degradation cycle of the disk leads to a severe imbalance in the ratio of healthy data to failure data, which degrades the performance of LSTM neural networks. Moreover, the complexity of LSTM neural networks is also very high. This paper proposes a disk failure prediction approach based on an intelligent attribute gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network and TimeGAN adversarial network, the GRU neural network can adapt to the impact of long hard disk data sequences, while the TimeGAN can address the data imbalance problem. Experiments performed on Backblaze data demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves better performances in terms of failure detection rate than then conventional LSTM.
Channel Estimation Based on Deep Learning for OCDM Communications

Orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) takes advantage of double spreading in both time and frequency domains for high rate communications. Multipath channels often deteriorate communication performance. Thus, channel estimation is preliminary for equalization to combat multipath. In OCDM systems, either independent pilot blocks are employed or extra null symbols have to be applied to accommodate inter-chirp interference by the conventional channel estimation methods. The bandwidth efficiency is reduced. In this paper, we develop a deep learning (DL) based channel estimation method for OCDM systems. Making use of the power of DL, the requirements of pilot symbols are relaxed and the bandwidth efficiency is increased. Simulation results corroborate the efficiency of the DL-based method compared with the conventional ones.
A 76-Gbit/s 265-GHz CMOS Receiver With WR-3.4 Waveguide Interface

A 76-Gbit/s 265-GHz CMOS receiver (RX) modularized with a WR-3.4 waveguide interface is presented. It is a mixer-first RX fabricated using a 40-nm CMOS technology. The primary design focus is simplicity and the resulting low noise and loss and high conversion gain (CG). To allow for both on-wafer and packaged measurements, ON-chip transmission lines are designed such that their characteristics are relatively insensitive to the presence or absence of adhesive covering the chip. The RX chip is flip-chip-mounted on a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB). Built into the PCB is a waveguide transition using double-resonant stacked patches for wideband operation. The CMOS RX module achieves the highest wireless data rate of 76 Gbit/s with 16 QAM, which is comparable to 80 Gbit/s reported previously for a CMOS RX with on-wafer probing measurement.
Variational Mode Decomposition Based Channel Prediction in Massive MIMO Systems

Accurate channel state information (CSI) is mo-mentous to achieve the immense benefits of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, in mobility scenarios, the acquired CSI at the base station (BS) provides the outdated information, which results in dramatic performance degradation. Timely channel prediction is thus implemented to compensate for the performance loss caused by mobility. In this paper, a decomposition based channel prediction framework is presented by exploiting the Doppler structure information of the multipath channel. Furthermore, a specific variational mode decomposition (VMD) based multi-autoregressive (AR) prediction method, namely VMD-MAR, is proposed to process wireless channel with mixed time-varying patterns into several modes with distinct dynamics and then carry out the mode-level prediction. Due to the discrepancy in the dynamics between modes, the AR model built on each mode adopts its own AR order according to the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Moreover, we theoretically analyze the physical meaning of modes from channel modeling perspective. Compared to the AR pre-diction method and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based prediction method, experimental results show that the proposed VMD-MAR achieves superior channel prediction performance.
Long-term Outcomes After Gender-Affirming Surgery

Background Gender dysphoria is a condition that often leads to significant patient morbidity and mortality. Although gender-affirming surgery (GAS) has been offered for more than half a century with clear significant short-term improvement in patient well-being, few studies have evaluated the long-term durability of these outcomes. Methods Chart review identified 97 patients who were seen for gender dysphoria at a tertiary care center from 1970 to 1990 with comprehensive preoperative evaluations. These evaluations were used to generate a matched follow-up survey regarding their GAS, appearance, and mental/social health for standardized outcome measures. Of 97 patients, 15 agreed to participate in the phone interview and survey. Preoperative and postoperative body congruency score, mental health status, surgical outcomes, and patient satisfaction were compared. Results Both transmasculine and transfeminine groups were more satisfied with their body postoperatively with significantly less dysphoria. Body congruency score for chest, body hair, and voice improved significantly in 40 years' postoperative settings, with average scores ranging from 84.2 to 96.2. Body congruency scores for genitals ranged from 67.5 to 79 with free flap phalloplasty showing highest scores. Long-term overall body congruency score was 89.6. Improved mental health outcomes persisted following surgery with significantly reduced suicidal ideation and reported resolution of any mental health comorbidity secondary to gender dysphoria. Conclusion Gender-affirming surgery is a durable treatment that improves overall patient well-being. High patient satisfaction, improved dysphoria, and reduced mental health comorbidities persist decades after GAS without any reported patient regret.
Annual Energy Outlook 2012

Production Crude oil and lease condensate . 11.35 11.59 13.23 14.40 13.77 13.71 12.89 0.4% Natural gas plant liquids . 2.57 2.78 3.33 3.79 3.93 3.98 3.94 1.4% Dry natural gas . 21.09 22.10 24.22 25.69 26.91 27.58 28.60 1.0% Coal1 . 21.63 22.06 20.24 20.74 22.25 23.22 24.14 0.4% Nuclear / uranium2 . 8.36 8.44 8.68 9.28 9.60 9.56 9.28 0.4% Hydropower . 2.67 2.51 2.90 2.95 2.99 3.02 3.04 0.8% Biomass3 . 3.72 4.05 4.45 5.26 6.26 7.60 9.07 3.3% Other renewable energy4 . 1.11 1.34 1.99 2.04 2.22 2.41 2.81 3.0% Other5 . 0.47 0.64 0.60 0.64 0.69 0.79 0.91 1.4% Total . 72.97 75.50 79.64 84.80 88.61 91.87 94.67 0.9%
Assessing the moderating and mediating role of affective commitment and procedural fairness in the relationship between rewards and job performance

Objective: This paper analyzes the effect of reward systems on job performance mediated by affective commitment, considering the potential moderator role of procedural fairness on the relationship between reward systems and affective commitment. Method: A survey was conducted among the employees of cooperatives in the South and Southeast of Brazil. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the 146 valid responses. Results: The results confirm the direct effect of intrinsic rewards on job performance and extrinsic rewards on affective commitment. Affective commitment did not mediate the relationship between rewards and job performance. The complementary analysis indicates that intrinsic rewards influence the affective commitment of female employees, under 30 years old, with a bachelor’s degree working in healthcare cooperatives. The perception of procedural fairness among female employees and those from healthcare cooperatives moderates the effect of intrinsic responses on affective commitment, whereas the affective commitment of employees in credit cooperatives influences job performance. Contributions: This study contributes to the literature and managerial practice because it explores the effects of different types of rewards on employees’ behavior and performance. It also reveals that the procedural fairness perception of specific groups of workers strengthens affective commitment. The complementary analysis revealed that intrinsic rewards influence the affective commitment of female employees under 30 years of age with a bachelor’s degree and working in healthcare cooperatives. Additionally, the perception of procedural fairness appeared as an important variable in the model, as it strengthened the relationship between intrinsic rewards and affective commitment among female workers from healthcare cooperatives, whereas affective commitment impacted job performance in credit unions. conclusion and generate distinct effects on employees, which highlights the importance of implementing reward systems composed of varied rewards and appropriate to the context in which they are applied to meet the needs of The effects of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards were different according to the sector, emphasizing that management particularities may contribute to different variables impacting affective commitment and job performance in each organization. The results found for the cooperatives were different from those reported in the literature for traditional companies. Both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards were found to impact the job performance and affective commitment of employees from traditional companies, a result not found among the cooperatives addressed in this study. The more emotionally committed employees of traditional companies present higher job performance, a result found only in credit unions. Furthermore, the mediating role of affective commitment in the relationship between rewards and job performance reported in the literature was not found in the cooperatives addressed here.
IMPACTS OF THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS ON THE ROUGHNESS OF ENGINE SCALE VANES AND COOLING CHANNELS

By leveraging the additive manufacturing platform, development time and costs for turbine component testing can be reduced relative to traditional investment casting. Surface roughness is a key characteristic of the additive manufacturing process that can impact flow, heat transfer, and mechanical integrity of printed components. There are multiple design and build considerations that result in variability in surface roughness especially when additively fabricating complicated three-dimensional vanes and internal cooling passages. This study characterizes the surface roughness of internal cooling passages, vanes, and flat external surface samples made using additive manufacturing, specifically the direct metal laser sintering process. The samples were manufactured with various wall thicknesses, layer thicknesses, build locations, build directions, and on different AM machines. A combination of computed tomography scanning and optical profilometry were used to evaluate surface roughness levels. The data indicates that the dominate factors in roughness for a given layer thickness are a function of wall thickness, build location, and build direction.
Optimal First Order Methods for Reducing Gradient Norm in Optimal First Order Methods for Reducing Gradient Norm in Unconstrained Convex Smooth Optimization Unconstrained Convex Smooth Optimization

In this thesis, we focus on convergence performance of first-order methods to compute an ϵ -approximate solution of minimizing convex smooth function f at the N -th iteration. In our introduction of the above research question, we first introduce the gradient descent method with constant step size h = 1 /L . The gradient descent method has a O ( L 2 ∥ x 0 − x ∗ ∥ 2 /ϵ ) convergence with respect to ∥∇ f ( x N ) ∥ 2 . Next we introduce Nesterov’s accelerated gradient method, which has an O ( L ∥ x 0 − x ∗ ∥ (cid:112) 1 /ϵ ) complexity in terms of ∥∇ f ( x N ) ∥ 2 . The convergence performance of Nesterov’s accelerated gradient method is much better than that of the gradient descent method but still not optimal. We also briefly introduce some other first order methods in the literature to compute an ϵ -approximate solution of minimizing convex smooth function f , including a monotone convergence accelerated gradient method and a perturbed gradient method in [8]. They have O ( L 2 / 3 ∥ x 0 − x ∗ ∥ 2 / 3 /ϵ 1 / 3 ) and O (( (cid:112) L ∥ x 0 − x ∗ ∥ /ϵ 1 / 4 ) ln(1 + 2 L ∥ x 0 − x ∗ ∥ / √ ϵ )) complexities respectively. Those results are better than that of Nesterov’s accelerated gradient method, but the convergence performance of first order methods can still be better. Our main
Erratum: “Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Parallaxes of Galactic Cepheid Variable Stars: Period-Luminosity Relations” (AJ, 133, 1810 [2007])

Due to an error at the Press, the references of Barnes et al. (2002a, 2002b) in the reference list are incorrect. These should actually be G. F. Benedict et al. (AJ, 123, 473 [2002a]) and G. F. Benedict et al. (AJ, 124, 1695 [2002b]), respectively (note the change in author names). The citations of Benedict et al. (2002a) and (2002b) that appear in the body of the paper are correct. The Press sincerely regrets this error.
Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification Model Based on Dual Knowledge Distillation

In the application of remote sensing image (RSI) scene classification, in order to solve the contradiction between the accuracy of convolutional neural network (CNN) and the large amount of model parameters, a novel dual knowledge distillation (DKD) model combining dual attention (DA) and spatial structure (SS) is designed. First, new DA and SS modules are constructed and introduced into ResNet101 and lightweight CNN designed as teacher and student networks, respectively. Then, in order to improve its local feature extraction and high-level semantic representation abilities for RSI by transmitting the DA and SS knowledge in the teacher network to the student network, we design the corresponding DA and SS distillation losses. The comparative experimental results based on the AID and NWPU-45 datasets show that when the training ratio is 20%, the accuracy of the student network after DKD is improved by 7.57% and 7.28%, respectively, and in the case of fewer parameters, DKD has higher accuracy than most other methods.
A Retrospective Analysis of Anaesthesia Management for Geriatric Patients in the Non-Operating Room

as well as for cerebral and other embolization. 3 Due to advances in technology and pharmacological procedures, more complicated and invasive interventions are being increasingly used to manage extremely ill patients, in addition to non-invasive interventions for the diagnosis and treatment of outpatients receiving anaesthesia; this has led to an BACKGROUND/AIMS:In the present study, we aimed to analyse typically used anaesthesia methods and associated complications in geriatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 3,012 outpatients who received anaesthesia. The patients’ data were obtained from anaesthesia records and analysed retrospectively. Anaesthesia methods (sedation, spinal anaesthesia, general anaesthesia, combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia or monitored anaesthesia care); descriptive statistics (age, weight, operation time, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, drug intake and operation type); and complications (desaturation, injection pain, nausea/vomiting, aspiration, hypotension, bradycardia and perforation) were analysed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients who developed intra- and post-operative complications was 73.35±5.88 years. The mean anaesthesia time was 69.98±55.44 min. Hypotension and gender showed significant association. Hypotension was observed in 29 (1.7%) male and 7 (0.5%) female patients. The ASA classification and bradycardia showed significant association; sedation and general anaesthesia were significantly associated with complications. CONCLUSION: No major complication, morbidity or mortality was observed in any geriatric patient who received anaesthesia outside the operating room. Comorbidities should be detected with appropriate physical, laboratory and radiological examinations and appropriately treated prior to the anaesthesia application. Moreover, the anaesthesia method must be determined based on the results of these examinations and the characteristics of the procedure.
ACCESS CONTROL ISSUES RELATED TO URBAN ARTERIAL INTERSECTION DESIGN

The 1984 AASHTO Green Book replaced volume-based design with functional design. The Green Book also makes three significant statements relative to intersections: (a) driveway terminals are intersections, (b) a driveway should not be located within the functional boundary of an intersection, and (c) private drives should be designed using the same criteria as the equivalent public street intersections. The third statement implies that there is an equivalence between the intersection of a driveway and a street and the intersection of two public streets--or that such an equivalence needs to be established. The three statements taken collectively imply that there is a hierarchy of intersections. A generalized intersection hierarchy is presented. It is suggested that access control design on major urban arterials should begin with the establishment of optimum spacing criteria for signalized intersections. Minimum functional intersection limits are calculated for various speeds. Basic criteria for unsignalized access are also presented.
Subsonic Potential Aerodynamics for Complex Configurations: A General Theory

A general theory of subsonic potential aerodynamic flow around a lifting body having arbitrary shape and motion is presented. By using the Green function method, an integral representation for the velocity potential is obtained for both supersonic and subsonic flow. Under small perturbation assumption, the potential at any point, P, in the field depends only upon the values of the potential and its normal derivative on the surface, £B, of the body. On the surface of the body, this representation reduces to an integro-differential equation relating the potential and its normal derivative (which is known from the boundary conditions) on the surface £fi. The theory is applied to finite-thickn ess wings in subsonic steady and oscillatory flows. Comparison with existing results indicates that the method compares favorably with existing ones for both accuracy and computer time.
Statistical mechanics of fluids in a step potential

The paper deals with the problem of surface effects at a fluid boundary produced by a step force field. A classical simple fluid with a locally placed field simulating a solid is considered. The specific surface -potential γ, the surface number density, and the Henry adsorption constant are determined. A surface cluster expansion (the expansion of the surface omega potential in powers of the activity) is obtained. This expansion is similar to the cluster expansion for the pressure in which the integrals of the Ursell factors are replaced by sums of the first-order moments of the Ursell factors over sectors or orthants. The contact theorem is extended to the case of a finite step field. It is found that the surface number density (its invariant part) is determined by the first-order moment of the pair Ursell function taken over the entire space. The high-and low-temperature limits are analyzed and are shown to be consistent with the previously obtained general results. Symmetry features of the solution with respect to permutation of the solid and fluid regions are established.
On One Problem of the Nonlinear Convex Optimization

In this short paper, we study the problem of traversing a crossbar through a bent channel, which has been formulated as a nonlinear convex optimization problem. The result is a MATLAB code that we can use to compute the maximum length of the crossbar as a function of the width of the channel (its two parts) and the angle between them. In case they are perpendicular to each other, the result is expressed analytically and is closely related to the astroid curve (a hypocycloid with four cusps).
Infrared Space Observatory Measurements of [C II] Line Variations in Galaxies

We report measurements of the [C II] fine-structure line at 157.714 μm in 30 normal star-forming galaxies with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). The ratio of the line to total far-infrared (FIR) luminosity, LC II/LFIR, measures the ratio of the cooling of gas to that of dust, and thus the efficiency of the grain photoelectric heating process. This ratio varies by more than a factor of 40 in the current sample. About two-thirds of the galaxies have LC II/LFIR ratios in the narrow range of (2-7) × 10−3. The other one-third show trends of decreasing LC II/LFIR with increasing dust temperature, as measured by the flux ratio of infrared emission at 60 and 100 μm, Fν(60 μm)/Fν(100 μm), and with increasing star formation activity, measured by the ratio of FIR and blue-band luminosity, LFIR/LB. We also find three FIR-bright galaxies that are deficient in the [C II] line, which is undetected with 3 σ upper limits of LC II/LFIR < (0.5-2) × 10−4. The trend in the LC II/LFIR ratio with the temperature of dust and with star formation activity may be due to decreased efficiency of photoelectric heating of gas at high UV radiation intensity as dust grains become positively charged, decreasing the yield and the energy of the photoelectrons. The three galaxies with no observed photodissociation region lines have among the highest LFIR/LB and Fν(60 μm)/Fν(100 μm) ratios. Their lack of [C II] lines may be due to a continuing trend of decreasing LC II/LFIR with increasing star formation activity and dust temperature seen in one-third of the sample with warm IRAS colors. In that case, the upper limits on LC II/LFIR imply a ratio of UV flux to gas density of G0/n>10 cm3 (where G0 is in units of the local average interstellar field). The low LC II/LFIR ratio could also be due to either weak [C II], owing to self-absorption, or a strong FIR continuum from regions weak in [C II], such as dense H II regions or plasma ionized by hard radiation of active galactic nuclei. The mid-infrared and radio images of these galaxies show that most of the emission comes from a compact nucleus. CO and H I are detected in these galaxies, with H I seen in absorption toward the nucleus.