Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On state instability of the bi-stable flow past a notchback bluff body

Abstract The wake of a notchback Ahmed body presenting a bi-stable nature is investigated by performing wind tunnel experiments and large-eddy simulations. Attention is confined to the Reynolds number ($Re$) influence on the wake state instability within $5\times 10^{4}\leq Re \leq 25\times 10^{4}$. Experimental observations suggest a wake bi-stability with low-frequency switches under low $Re$. The wake becomes ‘tri-stable’ with the increase of $Re$ with the introduction of a new symmetric state. The higher presence of the symmetric state can be considered as a symmetrization of the wake bi-stability with an increasing $Re$. The wake symmetry under high $Re$ attributed to the highly frequent switches of the wake is extremely sensitive to small yaw angles, showing the feature of bi-stable flows. The wake asymmetry is confirmed in numerical simulations with both low and high $Re$. The wake asymmetries are indicated by the wake separation, the reattachment and the wake dynamics identified by the proper orthogonal decomposition. However, the turbulence level is found to be significantly higher with a higher $Re$. This leads to a higher possibility to break the asymmetric state, resulting in highly frequent switches showing symmetry.
A Data Mining Approach to Predict Non-Contact Injuries in Young Soccer Players

Abstract Predicting and avoiding an injury is a challenging task. By exploiting data mining techniques, this paper aims to identify existing relationships between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, with the final goal of predicting non-contact injuries. Twenty-three young soccer players were monitored during an entire season, with a total of fifty-seven non-contact injuries identified. Anthropometric data were collected, and the maturity offset was calculated for each player. To quantify internal training/match load and recovery status of the players, we daily employed the session-RPE method and the total quality recovery (TQR) scale. Cumulative workloads and the acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) were calculated. To explore the relationship between the various risk factors and the onset of non-contact injuries, we performed a classification tree analysis. The classification tree model exhibited an acceptable discrimination (AUC=0.76), after receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. A low state of recovery, a rapid increase in the training load, cumulative workload, and maturity offset were recognized by the data mining algorithm as the most important injury risk factors.
Tetraspanin Cd9b and Cxcl12a/Cxcr4b have a synergistic effect on the control of collective cell migration

Collective cell migration is essential for embryonic development and homeostatic processes. During zebrafish development, the posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) navigates along the embryo flank by collective cell migration. The chemokine receptors, Cxcr4b and Cxcr7b, as well as their cognate ligand, Cxcl12a, are essential for this process. We corroborate that knockdown of the zebrafish cd9 tetraspanin orthologue, cd9b, results in mild pLL abnormalities. Through generation of CRISPR and TALEN mutants, we show that cd9a and cd9b function partially redundantly in pLLP migration, which is delayed in the cd9b single and cd9a; cd9b double mutants. This delay led to a transient reduction in neuromast numbers. Loss of both Cd9a and Cd9b sensitized embryos to reduced Cxcr4b and Cxcl12a levels. Together these results provide evidence that Cd9 modulates collective cell migration of the pLLP during zebrafish development. One interpretation of these observations is that Cd9 contributes to more effective chemokine signalling.
INTERMITTENT LIGHT STIMULATION AND FLICKER SENSATION

Flicker sensation depends on the frequency of the intermittent light stimulus, but the frequency required for a given criterion of flicker sensation shows a marked variability for different occasions with the same observer, or for different observers. This variability was studied using the multiple criterion technique, flicker judgments being obtained from twenty subjects on a number of occasions. In one set of experiments the whole visual field was stimulated, in another a field approximately 20°×30°. Four criteria of flicker sensation were employed including the customary criterion of ‘ just perceptible ’ flicker. The results showed that : (a) Small changes in stimulus frequency cause large differences in the noticeability of flicker and in the sensation of discomfort caused by flicker. (b) Large changes in stimulus frequency cause little change in the apparent frequency of flicker, which remains constant around 16 c.p.s. (c) As stated above, sensitivity varies markedly both between subjects and betwee.
A species of Antirhea (Rubiaceae) from Suriname

Antirhea surinamensis Brem. n. spec. ramulis novellis non resinosis, inflorescentiis multifloris, bis ramificatis, floribus 4-meris, ovariis paucilocularibus ad A. obtusifoliam Urb. , A. coriaceam (Vahl) Urb. , A. Shaferi Urb. , A. occidentalem Urb. , A. tenuifoliam Urb. , A. panamensem Standl, accedens, sed a speciebus his omnibus ovario et capsula 3-loculari, pedunculis longioribus distinguenda, a speciebus his A. panamensi solum excepta insuper foliis acutissime exeuntibus, ab A. obtusifolia insuper foliis basi acutis, ab A. coriacea inflorescendae ramulis brevioribus, ab A. occidentali et A. panamensi corolla extus pilosula diversa. Habitus nondum accurate notus, sed certe arborescens. Rami novelli glabri vel interdum sparse sed longius pilosi, non resinosi, mox cortice griseo-brunneo opaco, plicatulo et sparse lenticellato vestiti, circ. 1.5 mm diam. , ex internodiis paucis compositi, internodio infimo 4.5-8.0 cm longo, internodio secundo interdum usque ad 3 cm longo sed plerumque 1 cm haud superante, aliis 0.2-0.6 cm longis. Folia petiolata; petiolus canaliculatus appresse pilosus sed ad marginem hirtellus, 3-6 mm longus; lamina elliptica vel obovata, 4.5-10 cm longa et 2.0-4.7 cm lata, apice acuminata et acutissime exeuns, basi acuta, subcoriacea, utrimque opaca, siccitate non conspicue discolorata, supra glabra, subtus costa nervisque densius, inter nervos sparse pubescens, costa supra impressa, subtus prominente, nervis utroque latere costae plerumque 7 prominulis, reticulatione densa siccitate colore saturatiore distinguenda sed haud prominula. Stipulae ovato-triangulares, 5 mm longae, extus glabrae, margine tamen ciliolatae, mox deciduae. Inflorescentia pedunculo appresse piloso 4.5-7 cm longo instructa; bis pseudo-dichotome ramificata, ramulis primariis 4-5 mm longis, ramulis secundariis 10-15 mm longis, floribus usque ad 12 instructis. Bracteae ovato-acuminatae 0.5 mm longae. Flores sessiles, ebracteolati, 4-meri. Ovarium parce appresse pilosulum, 3- loculare. Calyx etiam parce appresse pilosulus tubo 0.2 mm, lobis ovato-triangularibus 0.3 mm longis. Corolla extus appresse pilosula, tubo 7-8 mm longo et 0.8 mm diam. , intus glabro, lobis ellipticoorbicularibus 1.4 mm longis et 1.0 mm latis. Stamina filamento brevissimo instructa; antherae dorsifixae fere 0.5 mm infra orem tubi inclusae, lineares, 2.6 mm longae. Granula pollinis 3-pora, distincte reticulata, 25 µ diam. Discus cylindricus 0.4 mm altus. Stylus glaber, tubo aequilongus; stigma capitatum. Drupa glabra, 9 mm alta et 4.5 mm diam. , pyrena 3-lobata et 3-loculari.
An equivalent circuit model for the coplanar waveguide step discontinuity

An approximate analytical model for the CPW (coplanar waveguide) step discontinuity is presented which includes a lumped shunt capacitance as the dominant effect. Good agreement is obtained with data from extensive 3-D field simulations, and verified by a limited number of measurements on alumina. The magnitude of the discontinuity is found to be smaller than indicated in previous work, but it is nevertheless of the same order as a microstrip step in a comparable situation. These effects need to be taken into account in any serious design, and the model presented, when incorporated into CAD (computer-aided design) circuit analysis programs, will allow rapid evaluation of performance. <<ETX>>
S0950268821002302jra 1..8

With increasing demand for large numbers of testing during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, alternative protocols were developed with shortened turn-around time. We evaluated the performance of such a protocol wherein 1138 consecutive clinic attendees were enrolled; 584 and 554 respectively from two independent study sites in the cities of Pune and Kolkata. Paired nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested by using both reference and index methods in a blinded fashion. Prior to conducting real-time polymerase chain reaction, swabs collected in viral transport medium (VTM) were processed for RNA extraction (reference method) and swabs collected in a dry tube without VTM were incubated in Tris–EDTA–proteinase K buffer for 30min and heat-inactivated at 98 °C for 6min (index method). Overall sensitivity and specificity of the index method were 78.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71–86) and 99% (95% CI 98–99.6), respectively. Agreement between the index and reference method was 96.8% (k = 0.83, S.E. = 0.03). The reference method exhibited an enhanced detection of viral genes (E, N and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) with lower Ct values compared to the index method. The index method can be used for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 infection with an appropriately chosen primer–probe set and heat treatment approach in pressing time; low sensitivity constrains its potential wider use.
High-Q frequency-temperature compensated sapphire/rutile resonator

Experimental results for the novel design of a composite sapphire-rutile frequency-temperature compensated resonator are presented. The frequency-temperature dependence was annulled when a specific balance of electric energy in the rutile and sapphire was reached at 56 K in a WGE/sub 9,0,0/ mode at 13.1 GHz with a Q-factor of 30 million.
MCCARD : MONTE CARLO CODE FOR ADVANCED REACTOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

McCARD is a Monte Carlo (MC) neutron-photon transport simulation code. It has been developed exclusively for the neutronics design of nuclear reactors and fuel systems. It is capable of performing the whole-core neutronics calculations, the reactor fuel burnup analysis, the few group diffusion theory constant generation, sensitivity and uncertainty (S/U) analysis, and uncertainty propagation analysis. It has some special features such as the anterior convergence diagnostics, real variance estimation, neutronics analysis with temperature feedback, B1 theory-augmented few group constants generation, kinetics parameter generation and MC S/U analysis based on the use of adjoint flux. This paper describes the theoretical basis of these features and validation calculations for both neutronics benchmark problems and commercial PWR reactors in operation.
Identity assurance and the protection of the civil infrastructure

Purpose – Reviews current vulnerabilities of US civil infrastructure and how they might be addressed with identification/authentication technologies.Design/methodology/approach – Paper presents brief overview of biometric technology – its history, evolution since 9/11 and current state of the technology. Paper then reviews identity‐based US civil infrastructure vulnerabilities and how they may be mitigated with the integration of biometrics into risk management systems.Findings – Much has been achieved in the maturation of biometrics in the past five years with respect to standards development, scalability and testing; thus making them far more applicable to large scale deployment.Practical implications – Biometrics, on a stand‐alone basis, but more often when integrated with other ID/authentication technologies can have a positive impact on the security of US civil infrastructure.Originality/value – Paper offers those responsible for civil infrastructure protection new approaches to identify assurance.
Age and sex estimation using fractal analysis in Brazilian adults: a discriminant analysis

This study assessed the accuracy of fractal analysis (FA) to estimate chronological age and sex in Brazilian adults for forensic investigations. The gender-balanced sample comprised lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 individuals, stratified according to age (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 years) and sex (female and male). A trained calibrated examiner measured the fractal dimension (FD) of the mandibular ramus and mandibular angle. Linear regression and multiple logistic discriminant analysis were carried out to explore the accuracy of FA. For all analyses, p-values < . 05 indicated statistical significance. Overall, mean FD values were 1.49±0.10 for the mandibular ramus and 1.48±0.09 for mandibular angle. Results were more accurate in males than females for discriminating age and sex. The multiple discriminant analysis indicated that FA distinguished sex in 61.7% males and 58.3% females. In addition, the mean difference between actual and predicted value was 9.5 years and 10.1 years for men and women, respectively. Fractal analysis accurately identified sex- and age-related differences in the trabecular pattern of the mandible of Brazilian adults, confirming its utility for forensic investigations. Further studies investigating other populations are needed to assess the accuracy of FA for Forensic Dentistry.
Two-Phase Flow on the Shell Side of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Two-phase flow on the shell side of a shell and tube heat exchanger is complex. Several studies have produced flow pattern maps that show surprising differences in flow regime boundaries for data sets that contain relatively small variations in fluid and flow properties. Despite this, correlations for void fraction and pressure drop are sufficiently accurate to allow the thermal-fluid design of heat exchangers to be completed. However, these correlations are based on experimental data taken from tube bundles containing tubes with diameters less than 20 mm. This study examines their applicability to tube bundles containing tubes with a diameter of 38 mm. Results for void fraction and pressure drop are presented for air-water flows near atmospheric pressure. The results were obtained for flows through a thin-slice, in-line tube bundle containing 10 rows. The tube bundle contained a central column of tubes with half tubes placed on the shell wall to simulate the presence of other columns. The tubes were 38 mm in diameter and 50 mm long with a pitch to diameter ratio of 1.32. Previous studies have shown that the void fraction in a shell-side, gas-liquid flow becomes constant after only a few rows. Thus, the void fraction was only measured at one location. A single-beam, gamma-ray densitometer was used to measure void fractions near row 7 in the maximum gap between the rows. Corresponding pressure drops were obtained between rows 3 and 10. Data are presented for a mass flux range of 25-688 kg/m2s and a gas mass fraction range of 0.0005-0.6. The measurements are shown to compare reasonably well with predictions from correlations available in the open literature. This shows that these methods can be used for tube-bundles containing larger diameter tubes. Some elements of a heat-exchanger design require a more complex analysis. For example, tube vibration calculations require the distribution of void and phase velocity along the tube length. Such analysis can be provided by multiphase computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. CFD approaches to modelling these flows require empirical inputs for the drag coefficient and the force on the fluid by the tubes. These are deduced from the measured data. The wall forces are shown to scale well with increased tube diameter, however, caution is required when selecting the drag coefficients.
Luxembourg and Ireland in global financial networks: Analysing the changing structure of European investment funds

Abstract Using a unique database on investment funds and the conceptual framework of global financial networks, this paper examines the spatial structure of the European investment fund industry, with particular focus on Luxembourg and Ireland. Grounded in financial and economic geography, the paper shows how these countries became the leading investment fund domiciles through a mixture of structural factors and agency enabling a fast and flexible implementation of the European Directive on the Undertakings for the Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS) of 1985, and the cultivation of the investment fund industry ever since. In the process, Luxembourg and Ireland have built on and developed their functions as offshore jurisdictions and international financial centres, both sustained by their governments and regulatory agencies. The analysis of the functional structure of investment funds and their networked geography reveals the increasingly dominant position of London as the investment management centre for the industry, and the increasing concentration of control by large asset management firms. Stripped to its basics, the geography of European investment fund networks is about large, mainly US, asset management firms, creating and managing funds in Luxembourg and Ireland, and investing money through London. As such, the rise of European investment funds can be seen as an example of European financial integration through Americanisation. The Luxembourg and Irish investment fund industry are connected mainly through London and New York, and thus function as satellites of the NY–LON axis, rather than a Luxembourg–Dublin axis in international finance. Overall, the paper demonstrates that studying this seemingly arcane industry, and the role of two small countries in it, reveals much about the nature of financial globalisation.
Schottky barrier diodes from semiconducting polymers

Schottky barrier diodes based on Al/poly(3-methylthiophene)/Au have been fabricated and their electrical behaviour investigated. I-V characteristics revealed a dependence on the fabrication conditions, specifically on the time under vacuum prior to evaporation of the rectifying contact and post-metal annealing at elevated temperature. The available evidence is consistent with the formation of a thin insulating layer between the metal and the polymer following these procedures. Long periods under vacuum prior to deposition of the aluminium electrode reduced the likelihood of such a layer forming. Capacitance-voltage plots of the devices were stable to voltage cycling, so long as the forward voltage did not exceed /spl sim/1 V. Above this a small degree of hysteresis was observed, which is attributed to the filling/emptying of interface states or traps in the polymer.
The bounds of suicide talk: Implications for qualitative suicide research

Following the implementation of a provincial suicide prevention gatekeeper training initiative in western Canada between 2015 and 2018, we conducted a focused ethnography designed to capture the post-initiative context within one small community. Analyses of our field observations and interviews with community members suggest suicide prevention work is represented in multiple informal or coordinated actions to generate innovative pathways to provoke open conversations about suicide. Simultaneously, suicide talk is constrained and managed to limit vulnerability and exposure and adhere to community privacy norms. Further, parameters around suicide talk may be employed in efforts to construct the community and mental health care in livable ways. As the research process paralleled existing representations of suicide prevention work in the community, this paper explores our entanglement in the bounds of suicide talk during phases of recruitment, data collection and knowledge translation activities.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-sized Carbonated Calcium Hydroxyapatite (CHAp) from Rebon shrimp (Acetes erythraeus) as a Candidate for Dental Restoring Application

Carbonated calcium hydroxyapatite (CHAp) exhibits excellent biocompatibility with bone and teeth, making it an ideal candidate for orthopedic and dental application. However, the study of CHAp synthesis from natural material is still scarce. The purpose of this research is to synthesize and characterize of CHAp, using Rebon shrimp (Acetes erythraeus) as a calcium source. The synthesis was conducted by hydrothermal method with the variation of Ca/P ratios 1.61; 1.67; 1.73. The as-prepared CHAp was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The FT-IR results show that synthesized material exhibited characteristic CHAp band of hydroxide at 3448 and 1635 cm-1, carbonate at 872 and 1427 cm-1, and phosphate at 1049; 606; and 570 cm-1. The diffractogram pattern assigned the all observed peak of CHAp are in good agreement compared to CHAp database with the nano-scale size. It also observed that the high Ca/P ratio will decrease the crystallinity of CHAp. The as-prepared CHAp micrograph is agglomerates spherical form with size between 5-20 nm which build up from 18–26 nm crystallite particles. The result of this research confirmed that Rebon shrimp is the promising materials for calcium source in CHAp production.
Thin-film piezoelectric MEMS

Major challenges have emerged as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) move to smaller size and increased integration density, while requiring fast response and large motions. Continued scaling to nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) requires revolutionary advances in actuators, sensors, and transducers. MEMS and NEMS utilizing piezoelectric thin films provide the required large linear forces with fast actuation at small drive voltages. This, in turn, provides accurate displacements at high integration densities, reduces the voltage burden on the integrated control electronics, and decreases NEMS complexity. These advances are enabled by the rapidly growing field of thin-film piezoelectric MEMS, from the development of AlN films for resonator and filter applications, to their implementation in adaptive radio front ends, to the demonstration of large piezoelectricity in epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3 and PbMg_1/3 Nb_2/3 O_3–PbTiO_3 thin films. Applications of low voltage MEMS/NEMS include transducers for ultrasound medical imaging, robotic insects, inkjet printing, mechanically based logic, and energy harvesting. As described in this article, advances in the field are being driven by and are prompting advances in heterostructure design and theoretical investigations.
Biological aspects of Blissus pulchellus Montadon (Hemiptera: Blissidae) regarding the resistance of forage poaceae

: The objective of this study is to evaluate the biological development of the chinch bug, Blissus pulchellus regarding the resistance of the eight forage poaceae. For that, chinch bugs collected from a pasture area, in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil, were taken to the Embrapa Roraima Entomology Laboratory for evaluation. The mass breeding of B. pulchellus was carried out in B.O. D. , on Urochloa ruziziensis and the biological development evaluation was carried out on eight forage poaceae: Urochloa ruziziensis , U. humidicola , U. brizantha cv. Marandú, U. brizantha cv. Piatã, U. brizantha cv. Paiaguás, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, P. maximum cv. Zuri and Andropogon gayanus . The results obtained allowed us to conclude that: a) A. gayanus , P. maximum cv. Zuri and U. humidicola , negatively affect the biology of B. pulchellus ; b) A. gayanus , P. maximum cv. Zuri present high and moderate resistance U. humidicola , of the type antibiosis to B. pulchellus and c) Urochloa ruziziensis , U. brizantha cv. Paiaguás and U. brizantha cv. Piatã, have high grade and P. maximum cv. Mombasa and U. brizantha cv. Marandú, less susceptibility to B. pulchellus .