Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Determiner Phrase Internal Structure in ngêmbà

This paper investigates the internal structure of the Determiner Phrase (DP) in ng«»mba, a Grassfields' Bantu language spoken in Cameroon, Central Africa. It is argued in this paper that ng«»mba exhibits a head first structure and the surface order of D-elements is the mirror image of their merged order. This linear order is derived via successive roll-up movements of the different DP internal constituents. The determiner or determiner-like units of language are generated in a position to the left of the head noun and the demonstrative determiner occupies the head D of DP. To account for the derivation and the agreement relation between the proximate (PROX) or the distal (DIST) particles, I postulate for the existence of a functional projection (FP) headed by the PROX/DIST particles above NumP. When the noun and the head of FP merge, the noun phrase is moved to Spec-FP and the agreement relation between the noun and the PROX/DIST particles is established under Spec-Head configuration. With regard to the number morphology, I assumed that the number prefix occupies the head of the functional projection NumP located above NP. When the demonstrative and the possessive co-occur in within the DP-complex in ng«»mba, the linear order is derived via successive roll-up movements. The noun first merges with the number prefix to form NumP; when NumP merges with the possessive phrase, NumP moves to Spec-PossP; after, when PossP merges with the functional projection heading the proximate or the distal particles, PossP also moves to Spec-FP and finally, when FP merges with DP, FP in turn moves to Spec-DP to yield the right linear order.
A Survey on Deep-Learning-Based Real-Time SAR Ship Detection

Recently, deep learning has greatly promoted the development of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship detection. But the detectors are usually heavy and computation intensive, which hinder the usage on the edge. In order to solve this problem, a lot of lightweight networks and acceleration ideas are proposed. In this survey, we review the papers that are about real-time SAR ship detection. We first introduce the model compression and acceleration methods. They are pruning, quantization, knowledge distillation, low-rank factorization, lightweight networks, and model deployment. They are the source of innovation in real-time SAR ship detection. Then, we summarize the real-time object detection methods. They are two-stage, single-stage, anchor free, trained from scratch, model compression, and acceleration. Researchers in SAR ship detection usually learn from these ideas. We then spend a lot of content on the review of the 70 real-time SAR ship detection papers. The years, datasets, journals, deep-learning frameworks, and hardwares are introduced first. After that, 10 public datasets and the evaluation metrics are shown. Then, we survey the 70 papers according to anchor free, trained from scratch, YOLO series, constant false alarm rate+convolutional neural network, lightweight backbone, pruning, quantization, knowledge distillation, and hardware deployment. The experimental results show that the algorithms have been greatly developed in speed and accuracy. In the end, we pointed out the problems of 70 papers and the directions to be studied in the future. This article can enable researchers to quickly understand the research status in this field.
Wave refraction by a current whirl

A computer model for the computation of refraction of ocean directional wave spectra has been developed. The model is applied to wave propagation through a circular current whirl. Both refraction diagrams and computed directional wave spectra are presented. Wave heights are computed for points outside the whirl. Relative changes in wave heights are found to be within ±20%. The computations reveal two areas of crossing seas on the lee side of the whirl. Between these areas is an area of reduced wave heights and nearly unidirectional waves.
Comparative Analysis of Elastic Polyester Sportswear Fabrics with Printed Graphene Patterns

In this study two elastic polyester fabrics differentiated by a graphene-printed pattern, called honeycomb (HC) and spider web (SW), were analyzed with a focus on their thermal, mechanical, moisture management and sensorial properties, aiming to identify the fabric with the most elevated heat dissipation and comfort for sportswear. The shape of the graphene-printed circuit did not lead to significant difference between the mechanical properties of the fabrics SW and HC assessed by the Fabric Touch Tester (FTT). Fabric SW outperformed fabric HC with respect of drying time, air permeability, moisture, and liquid management properties. On the other hand, both the Infrared (IR) thermography and FTT-predicted warmness clearly showed that fabric HC dissipates heat faster on its surface along the graphene circuit. This fabric was also predicted by the FTT as smoother and softer than fabric SW and had a better overall fabric hand. The results revealed that both graphene patterns resulted in comfortable fabrics with great potential applications in sportswear fields, in specific use scenario’s.
Simultaneous One-Sided Tests With Application to Education Evaluation Systems

There is widespread interest in using various statistical inference tools as a part of the evaluations for individual teachers and schools. Evaluation systems typically involve classifying hundreds or even thousands of teachers or schools according to their estimated performance. Many current evaluations are largely based on individual estimates and hypothesis tests, with little or no consideration of controlling simultaneous error rates and their potential effect on the whole educational evaluation system. In this article, we discuss controlling simultaneous errors in classification of teachers or schools by a decision-theoretic approach. We first develop a β-mixture model to estimate the local false discovery rate (local fdr) by the classic p-values from one-sided tests. We discuss a few decision rules based on standard loss functions. We also construct a controversy loss function to further accommodate the incoherence between effect size and local fdr. We apply the proposed approach to evaluate adequate yearly progress (AYP) in math proficiency of Pennsylvania schools.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Utility Functions Using Stata

Economists in a wide range of fields are now developing customized likelihood functions to correspond to specific models of decision-making processes. The demand for customization derives partly from the need to consider a variety of parametric functional forms to account for experimental behavior under uncertainty. It is also generated by the fact that these models often specify decision rules that have to be "written out by hand. " Thus it is becoming common to see user-written maximum likelihood estimates in behavioral econometrics, and less use of pre- packaged model specifications. These pedagogic notes document the manner in which one can estimate maximum likelihood models of utility functions within Stata. We can quickly go beyond "utility functions," in the narrow sense, and consider a wide range of decision-making processes.
Numerical characterization of three‐dimensional serpentine micromixers

Three-dimensional serpentine micromixer (TSM) has been well known to be an attractive design because of its simple fabrication and efficient mixing performance, but its basic characteristics have not been fully investigated notwithstanding several reports in the past. The present article comprehensively investigates flow and mixing characteristics of TSM. Three major mixing mechanisms are identified, namely rotation, lamination, and chaotic advection. The mixing performance of TSM is analyzed and compared in terms of the three mechanisms by means of numerical analysis with three representative types as examples of TSM: (1) serpentine type C; (2) serpentine type L; (3) improved serpentine laminating micromixer. Numerical analysis system based on a finite element method and a colored particle tracking method enables not only flow visualization but also computation of Poincare section and Lyapunov exponent for a dynamical system analysis of TSM. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Passive scalar dispersion and mixing in a turbulent jet

The dispersion and mixing of passive scalar (temperature) fluctuations is studied in a turbulent jet. The temperature fluctuations were produced by heated fine wire rings placed axisymmetrically in the flow. Typically the ring diameters were of the same order as the jet, Dj, and they were placed in the self-similar region. However, other initial conditions were studied, including a very small diameter ring used to approximate a point source. Using a single ring to study dispersion (which is analogous to placing a line source in a planar flow such as grid turbulence), it was found that the intense local thermal field close to the ring disperses and fills the whole jet in approximately 1.5 eddy turnover times. Thereafter the thermal field evolves in the same way as for the traditional heated jet experiments. Two heated rings were used to study the mixing of two independently introduced scalar fields. Here an inference method (invoking the principle of superposition) was used to determine the evolution of the cross-correlation coefficient, ρ, and the segregation parameter, α, as well as the coherence and co-spectrum. While initially strongly dependent on ring locations and spacing, ρ and α reached asymptotic values of 1 and 0.04, respectively, also in about 1.5 eddy turnover times. These results are contrasted with mixing and dispersion in grid turbulence where the evolution is slower. Measurements in the far field of the jet (where ρ = 1) of the square of the scalar derivative conditioned on the scalar fluctuation itself, as well as other conditional statistics, showed strong dependence on the measurement location, as well as the direction in which the derivative was determined. The cross-correlation between the square of the scalar derivative and the signal showed a clear Reynolds-number trend, decreasing as the jet Reynolds number was varied from 2800 to 18 000. The far-field measurements, using the heated rings, were corroborated by new heated jet experiments.
Delay-dependent output feedback stabilisation of Markovian jump system with time-delay

This paper deals with the stabilisation problem of a Markovian jump system with time-delay. Based on the application of the descriptor model transformation and a recent result on bounding of cross products of vectors, a new delay-dependent stabilisation condition using a dynamic output feedback controller is formulated in terms of matrix inequalities. A numerical algorithm is developed to construct a full-order output feedback controller guaranteeing a suboptimal maximal delay such that the system can be stochastically stabilised. In addition, the errors of the paper by Boukas et al. (IEE Proc.-Control Theory Appl., 2002, 149, (5), 379–386) are highlighted.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants Affect Activated Clotting Time During and Bleeding Events After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: Inappropriately high activated clotting time (ACT) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with an increased risk of bleeding events. However, whether the prescription of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) affects ACT kinetics during heparin use and adverse clinical events in patients undergoing PCI remains unclear. To evaluate the ACT changes during and adverse clinical events after PCI in patients who were prescribed DOAC. Methods: This observational study included 246 patients undergoing PCI at the two cardiovascular centers who were not receiving warfarin and whose ACT was recorded immediately before and 30 min after injection of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Patients were divided into two groups according to DOAC prescription at the time of the index PCI: DOAC users (n=31) and non-users (n=215). Any bleeding and systemic thromboembolic events were investigated until 30 days after PCI. Results: The average age of this population was 70.5 years, and 66.3% were male. Average ACT was significantly higher in DOAC users than non-users both before and 30 min after UFH induction (157.2 {plus minus} 30.1 vs. 131.8 {plus minus} 25.1 sec, p<0.001; 371.1 {plus minus} 122.2 vs. 308.3 {plus minus} 82.2 sec, p<0.001; respectively). The incidence of post-PCI systemic thromboembolism was low and comparable between the two groups (0% vs. 3.7%, p=0.60). However, the rate of any bleeding event was significantly higher in DOAC users than non-users (16.1% vs. 4.7%, p=0.028). Conclusion: Patients receiving DOAC have higher ACTs during PCI and higher incidence of bleeding events than those not receiving DOAC.
Defining destigmatizing design guidelines for use in sexual health-related digital technologies: A Delphi study

Objective Stigma has been recognized as a significant issue in sexual health, yet no specific guidelines exist to support digital health development teams in creating stigma-alleviating sexual health digital platforms. The purpose of this study was to develop a set of design guidelines that would serve as a reference point for addressing stigma during the design of sexual health-related digital platforms. Materials and Methods We conducted a 3-round Delphi study among 14 researchers in stigma and sexual health. A preliminary list of 28 design guidelines was generated from a literature review. Participants appraised and critiqued the clarity and usefulness of the preliminary list and provided comments for each item and for the overall group of items at each round. At each round, a content validity index and an interquartile range were calculated to determine the level of consensus regarding the clarity and usefulness of each guideline. Items were retained if there was high consensus and discarded if there was no consensus after the three rounds. Results Nineteen design guidelines achieved consensus. Most of them were content-related guidelines and sought to address the emotional concerns of patients that could potentially aggravate stigma. The findings also reflected modern stigma management strategies of making stigma a societal attribute by challenging, exposing, and normalizing stigma attributes via web platforms. Conclusion To address stigma via digital platforms, developers should not just concentrate on technical solutions but seriously consider content-related and emotional design components that are likely to result in stigma
Effectiveness of successive booster vaccine doses against SARS-CoV-2 related mortality in residents of long-term care facilities in the VIVALDI study

We evaluated the effectiveness of 1-3 booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 related mortality among a cohort of 13407 older residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) participating in the VIVALDI study in England in 2022. Cox regression was used to estimate relative hazards of SARS-CoV-2 related death following booster vaccination relative to 2 doses (after 84+ days), stratified by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and adjusting for age, sex and LTCF capacity. Each booster provided additional short-term protection relative to primary vaccination, with consistent pattern of waning to 45-75% reduction in risk beyond 112 days.
Multifilter Time-series Observations of Eleven Blue Short-period ATLAS Variable Stars

Eleven periodic variable stars were observed photometrically through two to four filters from the set UBVR C I C . Phase-folded data for each star cover full cycles of variation. Spectral energy distributions, based on absolute photometry extracted from the literature, are used to inform models of the stars. The stars include four eclipsing systems with hot subdwarfs of spectral type O or B (sdO/B). Periods are in the range 1.8–2.2 hr. Four reflection-effect binaries, with amplitudes as large as 0.5 mag in the R C filter were observed; periods range from 1.6 to 2.4 hr. In two of these latter systems, the primary stars are also sdB stars, while two have white-dwarf components. In all eight of these binaries the companion stars are probably M dwarfs. The remaining three stars are pulsators: one large-amplitude δ Scuti star previously misclassified as an eclipsing system; one field SX Phe star near the Galactic plane; and one multiperiodic high-luminosity star of unknown type. The amplitude is usually a strong function of the wavelength in pulsating stars, but this is not the case for the high-luminosity variable. One possible explanation is that the luminous star has a pulsating companion. The SX Phe and high-luminosity star are both heavily reddened (A V > 5 mag).
Numerical Simulation of the Atmospheric Response to Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

Abstract A number of recent observational and theoretical studies indicate that under certain conditions tropical sea surface temperature anomalies may be capable of producing climatic anomalies at extratropical latitudes. According to the hypothesis put forth in these studies, perturbations in the climatological mean distribution of precipitation in the tropics can influence the extratropical circulation through the action of forced, quasi-stationary, two-dimensional, Rossby wavetrains, which may tend to excite the fastest growing normal mode associated with barotropic instability. Results of previous GCM experiments designed to simulate the atmospheric response to SST anomalies are re-examined in light of this hypothesis and are found to be generally consistent with it. A modeling investigation consisting of three separate GCM experiments was carried out using the GLAS climate model with January initial conditions based on observed data and an equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly based on .
Large area pulsed laser deposition of YBCO thin films

A special PLD-setup for large area deposition of homogeneous YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YBCO) thin films and buffer layers as large as 7 cm/spl times/20 cm is presented. A new concept for homogeneous large area substrate heating and the influence of the deposition rate on the film properties is discussed. YBCO is deposited on r-plane sapphire substrates (10 cm/spl times/10 cm) as well as on smaller (2 inch O, 1 cm/spl times/1 cm) SrTiO/sub 3/, MgO, LaAlO/sub 3/, and on yttria stabilized ZrO/sub 2/ substrates distributed over the deposition area. The homogeneity of the deposited YBCO films concerning structural and electrical properties is investigated by XRD, RBS/channeling, and spatially resolved inductive measurements of T/sub c/ and J/sub c/. The variation of J/sub c/ on a 2 inch MgO wafer is less than /spl plusmn/9%, the mean c-axis length is 11.681 /spl Aring/, the FWHMs of the [005] rocking curves are 0.40 and the channeling minimum yield /spl chi//sub min/ varies between 3.7% and 4.9% over the 2 inch wafer. The J/sub c/ values of YBCO on 7 cm x 20 cm in situ buffered sapphire substrates are (2.0/spl plusmn/0.4 MA/cm/sup 2/) at T=77 K and B=0 T.
A concept for the assimilation of satellite cloud information in an Ensemble Kalman Filter: single‐observation experiments

A new approach is introduced to assimilate cloud information into a convection‐permitting numerical weather prediction model with an ensemble Kalman filter. Cloud information is obtained from a satellite cloud‐top height product based on Meteosat SEVIRI data. To assure quality and specify the observation error based on data reliability, the satellite cloud‐top height is merged with cloud‐top height derived from radiosonde humidity soundings. For that purpose, the radiosonde cloud‐top information is assumed to be representative not only for the location of the ascent itself but also in spatially and temporally nearby areas which have the same cloud type according to a satellite cloud‐type classification.
Shugoshin Regulates Cohesin, Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments, and Chromosomal Instability

Correct regulation of cohesin at chromosome arms and centromeres and accurate kinetochore-microtubule connections are significant for proper chromosome segregation. At anaphase of meiosis I, cohesin at chromosome arms is cleaved by separase, leading to the separation of homologous chromosomes. However, at anaphase of meiosis II, cohesin at centromeres is cleaved by separase, leading to the separation of sister chromatids. Shugoshin-2 (SGO2) is a member of the shugoshin/MEI-S332 protein family in mammalian cells, a crucial protein that protects centromeric cohesin from cleavage by separase and corrects wrong kinetochore-microtubule connections before anaphase of meiosis I. Shugoshin-1 (SGO1) plays a similar role in mitosis. Moreover, shugoshin can inhibit the occurrence of chromosomal instability (CIN), and its abnormal expression in several tumors, such as triple-negative breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, colon cancer, glioma, and acute myeloid leukemia, can be used as biomarker for disease progression and potential therapeutic targets for cancers. Thus, this review discusses the specific mechanisms of shugoshin which regulates cohesin, kinetochore-microtubule connections, and CIN.
The Application of HPLC-FLD and NMR in the Monitoring of Therapy Efficacy in Alpha-Mannosidosis.

BACKGROUND Alpha-mannosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, caused by decreased activity of α-D-mannosidase. This enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of mannosidic linkages in N-linked oligosaccharides. Due to the mannosidase defect, undigested mannose-rich oligosaccharides (Man2GlcNAc - Man9GlcNAc) accumulating in cells are excreted in large quantities in urine. METHODS In this work, we determined the levels of urinary mannose-rich oligosaccharides in a patient subjected to novel enzyme replacement therapy. Urinary oligosaccharides were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE), labeled by fluorescent tag 2-aminobenzamide, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector (FLD). The identity of peaks was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry. In addition, the levels of urinary mannose-rich oligosaccharides were also quantified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The data were analyzed using one-tailed paired t-test and Pearson's correlation tests. RESULTS Compared to levels before the administration of therapy, an approximately two-folds decrease in total mannose-rich oligosaccharides after one month of treatment was observed by NMR and HPLC. After four months, an approximately ten-folds significant decrease in total urinary mannose-rich oligosaccharides was detected, suggesting therapy effectiveness. A significant decrease in the levels of oligosaccharides with 7-9 mannose units was detected by HPLC. CONCLUSIONS The application of both HPLC-FLD and NMR in quantification of oligosaccharide biomarkers is a suitable approach for monitoring of therapy efficacy in alpha-mannosidosis patients.