Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recruiting Intensity, Hires, and Vacancies: Evidence from Firm-Level Data

IZA DP No. 14138 FEBRUARY 2021 Recruiting Intensity, Hires, and Vacancies: Evidence from Firm-Level Data* We investigate employer recruiting behavior, using detailed firm-level data from a national survey of employers hiring recent college graduates. We show employers adjust recruiting effort, hiring standards, and compensation with the business cycle, beliefs about tightness, and their own hiring plans. We then show that firms expending greater recruiting effort hire more individuals per vacancy. The results suggest that when firms want to increase hires they adjust vacancies and recruiting intensity per vacancy, which may help explain the breakdown in the standard matching function during the Great Recession. Our measure of recruiting effort explains roughly 16% of the residual elasticity of the vacancy yield with
Climate change in the High Mountain Asia in CMIP6

Abstract. Climate change over High Mountain Asia (HMA, including the Tibetan Plateau) is investigated over the period 1979–2014 and in future projections following the four shared socioeconomic pathways SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. The skill of 26 CMIP6 models is estimated for near-surface air temperature, snow cover extent and total precipitation, and 10 of them are used to describe their projections until 2100. Similarly to previous CMIP models, this new generation of GCMs shows a mean cold bias over this area reaching −1.9 [−8.2 to 2.9] °C (90 % confidence interval) in comparison with the CRU observational dataset, associated with a snow cover mean overestimation of 12 [−13 to 43] %, corresponding to a relative bias of 52 [−53 to 183] % in comparison with the NOAA CDR satellite dataset. The temperature and snow cover model biases are more pronounced in winter. Simulated precipitation rates are overestimated by 1.5 [0.3 to 2.9] mm day−1, corresponding to a relative bias of 143 [31 to 281] %, but this might be an apparent bias caused by the undercatch of solid precipitation in the APHRODITE observational reference. For most models, the cold surface bias is associated with an overestimation of snow cover extent, but this relationship does not hold for all models, suggesting that the processes of the origin of the biases can differ from one model to another one. A significant correlation between snow cover bias and surface elevation is found, and to a lesser extent between temperature bias and surface elevation, highlighting the model weaknesses at high elevation. The models performing the best for temperature are not necessarily the most skillful for the other variables, and there is no clear relationship between model resolution and model skill. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the physical processes driving the climate in this complex topographic area, as well as for further parameterization developments adapted to such areas. A dependency of the simulated past trends to the model biases is found for some variables and seasons, however, some highly biased models fall within the range of observed trends suggesting that model bias is not a robust criterion to discard models in trend analysis. The HMA median warming simulated over 2081–2100 with respect to 1995–2014 ranges from 1.9 [1.2 to 2.7] °C for SSP1-2.6 to 6.5 [4.9 to 9.0] °C for SSP5-8.5. This general warming is associated with a relative median snow cover extent decrease from −9.4 [−16.4 to −5.0] % to −32.2 [−49.1 to −25.0] % and a relative median precipitation increase from 8.5 [4.8 to 18.2] % to 24.9 [14.4 to 48.1] % by the end of the century in these respective scenarios. The warming is 11 % higher over HMA than over the other Northern Hemisphere continental surfaces excluding the Arctic area. Seasonal temperature, snow cover and precipitation changes over HMA show a linear relationship with the Global Surface Air Temperature (GSAT), except for summer snow cover that shows a slower decrease at strong levels of GSAT.
On the use of majority for investigating primeness of 3-permutability

We have recently published a result that [Formula: see text]-permutability is not join-prime in the lattice of interpretability types of varieties whenever [Formula: see text]. In the proof, we showed that if [Formula: see text], then the join of a properly chosen finitely generated non-[Formula: see text]-permutable variety and the variety [Formula: see text] defined by the majority identities is [Formula: see text]-permutable. In the present note, we prove that the join of any locally finite non-3-permutable variety with [Formula: see text] is non-3-permutable. We also prove that the join of any non-2-permutable variety with [Formula: see text] is non-2-permutable. Our non-3-permutable result gives that one has to use a nonlocally finite non-3-permutable variety [Formula: see text] if they want to prove that 3-permutability is not join-prime by arguing that [Formula: see text] is 3-permutable.
Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation associated with aerobic exercise on the autonomic modulation of hemiparetic individuals due to stroke: a study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Background: Individuals after a stroke have an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, which increases the risk of death or recurrent episodes of stroke. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) combined with aerobic exercise has shown an effect on the modulation of this system. Objective: The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and the distance traveled on the exercise bike will be assessed to verify the additional impact of tDCS combined with aerobic exercise on individuals with chronic stroke sequelae. Methods: The 34 adult individuals with diagnoses of chronic stroke will be randomized into two aerobic exercise intervention groups: G1 (with active tDCS) and G2 (with sham tDCS), three times a week, for 12 weeks. Procedures: tDCS will be implemented during the aerobic exercise with the anodal electrode positioned over the lateral dorsal prefrontal left cortex, and the cathodal electrode over the contralateral supraorbital region, with 2mA, for 20 minutes. Assessments will be carried out pre, immediately after the intervention, and on the 12th, 24th, 36th interventions, and 30 days later. The HRV data that are pulse interval (PI), square root of the mean of the squares of the differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (rMSSD), absolute high frequency (HF), absolute low frequency (LF), high and low frequency ratio (LF / HF) will be collected using a cardio frequency meter. The analysis of the distance traveled on the exercise bike before and after interventions will be analyzed in meters. Discussion: The autonomic control via brain networks after a stroke can be altered and can promote an increase in sympathetic tone, and a higher risk of sudden death or relapse of stroke. It is crucial to demonstrate the effectiveness of available treatments to improve the autonomic function. Trial registration: The study is registered as a BRAZILIAN CLINICAL TEST RECORD (ReBEC): U1111-1222-4588 on the 2018/10/16
GEOGRAPHIES OF URBAN MINING IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH

The collection, recycling and sale of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) – or e-waste – are part of the so-called "urban mining" and have been occurring according to different technical-normative conditions, which impact the environment, society and the economy in different ways, especially in the urban spaces of the Global South. This article establishes a comparative analysis of urban mining in the Sao Paulo Macrometropolis (Brazil) and the Greater Accra Region (Ghana) through exploratory qualitative research. The results reveal a broad spectrum of actor-network arrangements established in the universe of e-waste, also confirming the relevance of political economy for understanding the technical and regulatory aspects of recycling in different geographical contexts.
Management of Enterovesical Fistulas: Analysis of 33 Patients Treated at a Single Tertiary Reference Center

Background: Enterovesical Fistula (EVF) is defined as a pathological communication between the intestinal lumen and the urinary bladder. EVF is a relatively rare finding in a complicated diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy, radiation or trauma. We presented our ten-year experience in the field of EVF management. Methods: Thirty-three patients were enrolled into this study. This retrospective study investigated the clinical presentation, underlying pathology, diagnostic tests, and surgical management including urinary bladder, perioperative complications and the long-term outcome obtained by administering a phone survey as a follow-up. Results: The most common underlying etiologies of EVF were Crohn’s disease (n=11) and colorectal cancer (n=10). The most common symptom was a nonspecific suprapubic pain reported in 60.6% of patients. The pathognomonic symptoms such as pneumaturia and faecaluria were present in 51.5% and 39.4% of the patients, respectively. Barium enema was the diagnostic study of choice performed in 63.6% of the patients. In 14 patients, the resection with primary anastomosis was performed. Ten patients developed perioperative complications. No recurrent fistulas were observed at the time of follow-up. Conclusion: Resection with primary anastomosis is feasible and safe in the majority of patients. In cases of advanced colorectal cancer, we recommended Hartmann’s procedure as a method of choice. Surgery performed in well-experienced centers determines the effectiveness of the EVF management characterized by the low mortality rate and perioperative complications.
Determinants of Voluntary Delisting In China: A Conceptual Study

In recent years, the number of delisting shows dramatically increased in the world particularly in China. This study will discuss on delisting focus in the context of China’s New Third Board Market (NTBM). Furthermore, the delisted firms in China's New Third Board Market (NTBM) shows dramatically increased. Moreover, this research is to make propositional statements and propose a framework to be tested empirically in future studies. Based on agency theory, we proposed that there will be positive relationship among board size, board independence, CEO duality and institutional ownership which in turn will positively predict voluntary delisting. The results of the study could strengthen the confidence of investors by examining the corporate governance of firm delist from the NTBM and help them to choose the right firm. This study could assist the management of firms in enhancing the corporate governance as well as improve their capabilities to achieve sustainable and superior performance over their competitors. This paper extends research on voluntary delisting by proposing a model which needs to be tested empirically.
Enhanced recovery after surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Results from a real-world randomized controlled trial

Introduction Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a set of perioperative interventions to alleviate patients’ stress response and complications, and to promote rehabilitation. Data on its implementation in renal cell carcinoma treated by laparoscopic partial nephrectomy are lacking. Aim To evaluate the prospect of application of ERAS in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy based on real-world data. Material and methods Sixty patients with T1a staging renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were randomly classified as the ERAS group (31 patients) or traditional treatment group (29 patients). Relevant endpoints including postoperative length of stay, ambulation, fart, oral intake, pain at different movement and time points, postoperative nausea and vomiting, complications as well as hospitalization expenses in the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results The ERAS optimization group presented a shorter time of first-time ambulation (p = 0.008), less pain at rest and ankle movement (p < 0.05), and less feeling of nausea 2 and 4 h after surgery (p = 0.006 and 0.027, respectively). (Although the differences in hospitalization expenses, postoperative length of stay, and complications were not reached in our study (p > 0.05), they were significantly lower than those reported in other literature. Conclusions The idea of ERAS has had an imperceptible influence on clinical strategy making for over 20 years. This study shows that it could alleviate postoperative pain both at rest and movement, enable earlier walking, and reduce postoperative nausea in patients who have undergone laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. However, its efficacy is sometimes over-extended when compared to extreme conserative. Also, specific ERAS protocols and large-sample clinical trials are needed.
1 Import Competition Induced Quality Change ? The Impact of Imports on Brazilian Wages 1

Countries worldwide look to raise the quality of their output to gain improved access to new markets, enhance competitiveness in foreign trade, increase productivity, pay higher wages, and raise product prices. To explore the relationship between trade and quality, we investigate the link connecting import competition, quality upgrading, and wages paid in Brazil from 1997 and 2016. We estimate a fixed effects model, and then, the unconditional quantile regression approach proposed by Firpo et al. (2009) to identity the effects of the quality of imports on Brazilian wages. Additionally, we consider the varying income groupings of countries exporting to Brazil. Our main findings suggest that as the quality of imported goods increases, the average wage in Brazil also rises. Nevertheless, when the analysis is conducted for contrasting wage quantiles, we observe that the quality of foreign products in the Brazilian market affects wage bands differently. We also uncover that the quality of imports originated in poorer economies affects wages paid in Brazil slightly more in respect of richer countries. We conclude that to fight international competition, local firms might resort to quality upgrading by hiring skilled workers who, in turn, earn higher wages and that the magnitude of such a raise varies depending upon the income of the exporter.
Tectonically and climatically driven mountain-hopping erosion in central Guatemala from detrital 10Be and river profile analysis

The rise of a mountain range affects moisture circulation in the atmosphere and water runoff across the land surface, modifying the distribution of precipitation and drainage patterns in its vicinity. Water routing in turn affects erosion on hillslopes and incision in river channels on surrounding mountain ranges. In central Guatemala, two parallel, closely spaced mountain ranges formed during two consecutive pulses of uplift, the first between 12 and 7 Ma (Sierra de Chuacús–Sierra de las Minas), and the second after 7 Ma (Altos de Cuchumatanes). We explore the climatic and tectonic processes through which the rise of the most recent range drove the slowing of river incision and hillslope erosion over the previously uplifted range. The 40Ar/39Ar dating of perched volcanic deposits documents the sequential rise and incision of these mountain ranges. Terrestrial cosmogenic 10Be in river sediments indicates that currently hillslopes in the older range erode more slowly than in the younger range (20–150 vs. 300 mMyr−1). These differences mimic the current distribution of precipitation, with the younger range intercepting the atmospheric moisture before it reaches the older range. River channel steepness and deformation of paleovalleys in the new range further indicate that the younger range has been rising faster than the older range up to today. We review how atmospheric moisture interception and river long-profile adjustment to the rise of the new range have contributed to the decline of erosion rates over the old range. We also explore the consequences of this decline and of aridification on the topographic evolution of the older range. The older range undergoes a slow topographic decay, dominated by backwearing, by the stacking of slowly migrating erosion waves along the mountain flanks, and by the formation of pediments around its base. The morphology of the old range is therefore transitioning from that of a front range to that of a dry interior range. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 796 G. Brocard et al.: Tectonically and climatically driven mountain-hopping erosion in central Guatemala
gEBoost: Noisy and Imbalanced Graph Stream Classiﬁcation

Many applications involve stream data with structural dependency, graph representations, and continuously increasing volumes. For these applications, it is very common that their class distributions are imbalanced with minority (or positive) samples being only a small portion of the population, which imposes signiﬁcant challenges for learning models to accurately identify minority samples. This problem is further complicated with the presence of noise, because they are similar to minority samples and any treatment for the class imbalance may incorrectly focus on the noise and result in deterioration of accuracy. In this paper, we propose a classiﬁcation model to tackle imbalanced graph streams with noise. Our method, graph ensemble boosting (gEBoost), employs an ensemble based framework to partition graph stream into chunks each containing a number of noisy graphs with imbalanced class distributions. For each individual chunk, we propose a boosting algorithm to combine discriminative subgraph pattern selection and model learning as a uniﬁed framework for graph classiﬁcation algorithm to progressively selects discriminative subgraph patterns from imbalanced graph data to learn a model. The boosting algorithm integrates the subgraph feature selection and margin learning process to achieve maximum beneﬁts for effective graph classiﬁcation. To tackle the concept drifting in graph streams, an instance level weighting mechanism is used to dynamically adjust the instance weight, through which the boosting framework can emphasize on difﬁcult graph samples. The classiﬁers built from different graph chunks form an ensemble for graph stream classiﬁcation. Experiments on real-life imbalanced graph streams demonstrate clear beneﬁts of our boosting design for handling imbalanced noisy graph stream. By integrated the individual boosting classiﬁers on different chunks, our graph ensemble boost algorithm can effectively adapted to the concept drifting in the graph stream for classiﬁcation.
Incentives for Cooperation in Teams: Sociality Meets Decision Rights

IZA DP No. 14242 APRIL 2021 Incentives for Cooperation in Teams: Sociality Meets Decision Rights* We investigate the effect of a donation incentive tied to contributions to a public good when group members can decide on the size of the donation to be made. An up to 20 % donation of the public good was implemented either exogenously or endogenously by group members. In the Vote treatment, groups could either decide in favor of or against a donation of 20 % of the public good; in the Vote Share treatment, subjects could decide on a donation share of between 0 % and 20 %. Results show that a large percentage of the participants vote in favor of implementing a donation share in both treatments. Voting in favor of a 20 % donation share or endogenously implementing a high donation share in the Vote Share treatment has positive effects on contributions to the public good compared to an exogenously implemented donation share. JEL Classification: C72, C92, D64, D70, J33, M52
Household Debt Overhang Did Hardly Cause a Larger Spending Fall during the Financial Crisis in the UK

The “debt-overhang hypothesis”—that households cut back more on their spending in a crisis when they have higher levels of outstanding mortgage debt (Dynan, 2012)—seems to be taken for granted by macroprudential authorities in several countries in their policy decisions, as well as by the international organizations that evaluate and comment on countries’ macroprudential policy. Results are presented for UK microdata that reject the debt-overhang hypothesis. The results instead support the “spending-normalization hypothesis” of Andersen, Duus, and Jensen (2016a), what can also be called the “debt-financed overspending” hypothesis—that the correlation between high pre-crisis household indebtedness and subsequent spending cuts during the crisis reflects high debt-financed spending pre-crisis and a return to normal spending during the crisis. As discussed in Svensson (2019, 2020), this is consistent with the correlation reflecting debt-financed overspending through what Muellbauer (2012) calls the “housing-collateral household-demand” and Mian and Sufi (2018) the “debtdriven household demand” channel. The correlation is thus spurious and an example of omitted-variable bias. A simple model shows that consumption and debt changes are directly and strongly positively correlated, whereas consumption and debt levels are quite weakly negatively correlated. Importantly, and in contrast, examples show that there is no systematic relation between consumption cuts and levels of or changes in LTV ratios. The lack of a robust relation between consumption cuts and levels of or changes in LTV ratios implies that tests of these hypotheses should generally not be done by regressions of consumption cuts on levels of or changes in LTV ratios. Link to latest version: https://larseosvensson.se/files/papers/household-debt-overhangdid-hardly-cause-larger-spending-fall-during-financial-crisis-uk.pdf ∗I have benefitted from comments from or discussions with Johan Almenberg, Claes Bäckman, Ben Broadbent, Robert Boije, Philip Bunn, Peter Englund, John Muellbauer, Mette Nielsen, May Rostom, and Roine Vestman. I am grateful to the UK Data Service, which has granted me access to the Living Cost and Food Survey and the Wealth and Asset Survey (UK Data Service, 2020). Support from the Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius research foundation and the Tore Browaldh research foundation is gratefully acknowledged. Views expressed and any errors are my own.
Potential of Thai rice straw as a raw material for the synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose

Ten different Thai rice straw cultivars were used to evaluate their potential as a raw material for the synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The native straw samples contained 22.437. 5% cellulose by weight of the native biomass. After cellulose extraction by alkaline peroxide pre-treatment (5% sodium hydroxide in 2.5% hydrogen peroxide), total solid recovery ranged from 38.7-49.5% of the biomass by dry weight. In these solid samples, cellulose was the main component of the materials. Cellulose content accounted for 59.8-81.2% by weight of the pretreated biomass depending on the specific rice straw sample. Alkalisation and methylation by sodium hydroxide and sodium monochloroacetate in the presence of solvent gave CMC yields higher than 90% by weight of extracted cellulose. The characterisation of CMC revealed that Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of all CMC samples showed differences in terms of carboxymethyl substitution as compared to that of cellulose. X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that crystallinity of the synthesised CMC samples was reduced as compared to that of cellulose. The CMC had a degree of substitution ranging from 0.63-0.87. The highest viscosity of CMC was found in the sample of rice straw RD 6, which had a measured viscosity of 100 cP. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that all CMC samples had a smooth surface, indicating a high level of carboxymethylation.