Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LINAER SAND BANKS IN THE SOUTHERN NORTH SEA

The majority of the linear sand banks in the Norfolk Banks area of the southern North Sea are considered to be large-scale mobile bed forms in dynamic equilibrium with the environment, thus confirming much of the earlier work of Houbolt (1968). Sand streams moving in opposing directions on either side of a bank are shown to be deflected to the right, upslope, and converge at the crestline, whilst the asymmetry of a bank is considered to be a reflection of the dominance of one of these streams. Convergence of sand streams causes an accumulation of sand which is believed to result in the continuing growth of the bank parallel to the direction of flow of the tidal currents. Migration of asymmetric banks is in the direction of the steeper side; the predominant direction is to the northeast, but it is suggested that the opposing movement of sand streams may magnify localized irregularities into a complex “S” shaped bank surrounding a pair of ebb and flood channels. The apices of this bank may eventually disappear, leaving a line of en echelon banks. Confirmatory evidence is forthcoming from a study of a linear sand bank lying off the Belgian coast, and it is suggested that the general sequence of bank development may be of far wider application.
Inter-linkage among some physico-chemical and biological factors in the tropical mangrove estuary

AbstractThe interaction between abiotic and biotic parameters in an ecosystem usually shows health and functioning of the system. Thus, some physico-chemical parameters, phytoplankton abundance, chlorophyll a and primary production of the mangrove estuary in Sarawak, Malaysia were extensively investigated from January 2013 to December 2013 in order to establish the inter-linkage among them. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant relation between atmospheric and water temperatures (r = 0.692). Similarly, surface water temperature showed a significant positive correlation with salinity (r = 0.744), TDS (r = 0.708) and conductivity (r = 0.776). The light extinction coefficient (LEC, K) changed negatively in relation to TDS (r = –0.623), conductivity (r = –0.644) and surface water temperature (r = –0.766). Ammonium showed a negative correlation with rainfall (r = –0.620) but a positive correlation with salinity (r = 0.600). The biological variable such as phytoplankton abundance was found .
8000 years of vegetation history in the northern Iberian Peninsula inferred from the palaeoenvironmental study of the Zalama ombrotrophic bog (Basque‐Cantabrian Mountains, Spain)

This paper focuses on pollen, spores, non‐pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) and certain geochemical elements from the ombrotrophic blanket bog of Zalama (Basque‐Cantabrian Mountains, northern Iberian Peninsula), with the support of a robust chronology based on 17 AMS 14C dates. The main results related to the last 8000 years show that, during the early middle Holocene, pines and deciduous forests were the most extensive tree formations. At the beginning of the succession, pines reach 44%, showing regional presence, whereas after 7600 cal. a BP, deciduous forests were particularly abundant. From c. 6500 cal. a BP the pollen diagram constructed from our samples shows the first anthropogenic evidence, linked with the new economic practices related to the Neolithic of the Basque‐Cantabrian Mountains. From 3300 cal. a BP the expansion of Fagus sylvatica is particularly clear, and has since then become one of the dominant forest species in this region. We also discuss the Holocene evolution of other noteworthy plant communities in southwestern Europe, such as Taxus baccata, Juglans and shrublands.
Perioperative mortality among geriatric patients in Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

Background With the dramatic growth in the aged population observed in developed and developing nations, the older population burdened by unmet demand for surgical treatment has become a significant yet unnoticed public health concern in resource-limited countries. Studies are limited regarding surgical mortality of geriatric patients in Africa. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the incidence and identify predictors of postoperative mortality using prospective data in a low-income country, Ethiopia. Methods and materials A prospective cohort study was conducted from June 01, 2019, to June 30, 2021, at a tertiary-level hospital in Ethiopia. Perioperative data were collected using an electronic data collection tool. Cox regression analysis was used to identify predictor variables. The association between predictors and postoperative mortality among geriatrics was computed using a hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI); p-value <0.05 was a cutoff value to declare statistical significance. Results Of eligible 618 patients, 601 were included in the final analysis. The overall incidence of postoperative mortality among geriatrics was 5.16%, with a rate of 1.91 (95% CI: 1.34, 2.72) deaths per 1,000 person-day observation. Age ≥ 80 years (Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.05, 6.36), ASA physical status III/IV (AHR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.06, 5.43), comorbidity (AHR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.19, 7.01), and emergency surgery (AHR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.17, 7.27) were the significant predictors of postoperative mortality among older patients. Conclusion Postoperative mortality among geriatrics was high. Identified predictors were age ≥ 80 years, ASA status III/IV, comorbidity, and emergency surgery. Target-specific interventions should be addressed to improve high surgical mortality in these patients.
Snorkellers’ environmentally conscious behaviour after visiting the Great Barrier Reef

ABSTRACT The majority of tourists who visit Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR) engage in snorkelling. Yet little is known about how snorkellers perceive this experience. The aim of this study was to investigate snorkeller behaviour by exploring their environmental opinions and to provide insights on the association between climate concerns and environmentally conscious behaviours of snorkellers. A self-administered questionnaire (n = 273) was distributed onboard reef tourism vessels visiting the study area. Approximately one-third of respondents believe that climate change and global warming are major threats to the GBR. Regression results indicate the environmentally conscious behaviour model (ECBM), a modified version of the norm activation model, is effective in understanding how a snorkeller’s level of climate concern (LCC) both directly and indirectly activates and influences a snorkeller’s environmentally conscious behaviour (ECB). LCC has a positive direct effect on ECB, and a positive indirect effect via environmental identity (EI), and personal environmental norms (PEN).
Reasons behind permanent tooth extraction at a dental university hospital in Morocco: a survey among patients of the International Faculty of Dental Medicine of Rabat

Introduction this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to tooth extractions and possible correlations between tooth loss and various variables. Methods the study took place at the dental university hospital affiliated with the International University of Rabat over a period of two months (December 15th, 2020, to February 15th, 2021). The data collected has been recorded from patients who had tooth extraction procedures. The variables analyzed included age, gender, and the reason for extraction. To analyze the significance of the variables Chi-square test was used, and to investigate the variance in the mean number of teeth extracted per patient ANOVA was used. Results in 159 patients with different ages, a total of 586 permanent teeth were extracted. Men had an extraction rate of 54.5% while women formed 45.5%. Overall, the most frequent reason for tooth extraction was caries (46.28%), and periodontal diseases (44.90%). Other reasons for extraction included prosthetics (4.31%) and aesthetics (2.7%). However, orthodontics reasons were not observed. The topmost tooth extraction rate per patient was seen in the 41 to 50-year-old age group with a mean of 4.22 teeth. Analysis of the reasons for extraction by gender did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.29). Conclusion caries and periodontal disease were the main causes of tooth extractions. Improving oral prevention health programs can help patients maintain healthier and functional oral health throughout their lives.
Barrier Function-Based Backstepping Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Control for Quad-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Under External Disturbances

The main control objective for the quad-rotor system is the attitude and position tracking control which is accomplished in this article using the backstepping fractional-order sliding mode control approach combined with the adaptive tuning based barrier function theory. The quad-rotor's dynamical model is obtained at the appearance of the disturbance that is entered to the quad-rotor system by an exterior force. Hence, the attitude and position tracking errors between the quad-rotor's actual states and their desired trajectory are defined. Afterward, the fractional-order sliding surfaces are defined to guarantee finite-time reachability of the defined tracking error. The designed fractional-order surface eases the control process due to the removal of the high-derivative of virtual controllers. Then, the extended adaptive barrier function laws named fractional-order-based adaptive barrier function laws are employed to eliminate the knowledge of the upper bounds of external disturbances. The Lyapunov theory concept mixed with the backstepping control strategy is used to demonstrate that the fractional-order sliding surface reaches the neighborhood of origin in the finite time. Finally, simulation results in various scenarios on the MATLAB/ Simulink environment are provided to show that the designed control procedure in this article is an efficient control technique to assure that attitude and position's trajectories of the quad-rotor system track desired trajectories properly in the existence of the external disturbances. Moreover, the designed method is compared to the existing method to validate the efficiency of the proposed method. Lastly, experimental results using the Speedgoat real-time target machine is implemented to assure validity of the recommended method.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SUSTAINABILITY REPORT DISCLOSURE ON MINING COMPANIES LISTED IN IDX

The goal of this study is to examine how the composition of the board of commissioners, the percentage of independent commissioners, company size, leverage, and liquidity affect the publication of sustainability reports by mining companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2020. Eight people were chosen as the sample for this study using the purposive sampling method. The EViews version 12 application is used to process the data in this study. The findings of this study suggest that corporate size and liquidity have a substantial impact on the disclosure of sustainability reports. Contrarily, the variables governing the board of commissioners, the percentage of independent commissioners, and leverage have no impact on the disclosure of sustainability.
New Baenid turtles from the cretaceous Kaiparowits formation of Southern Utah: implications for Laramidian biogeography

iii LIST OF FIGURES . vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ix CHAPTER 1: A PIG-NOSED BAENID TURTLE FROM THE KAIPAROWITS FORMATION (UPPER CRETACEOUS: CAMPANIAN) OF SOUTHERN UTAH . 1 Abstract .
A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS IN THE TEXTBOOK ENDORSED BY THE GOVERNMENT

Material is a component of teaching to create a successful teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study is to describe the content of reading material in “Bahasa Inggris” textbook which endorsed by the government, especially the cognitive levels of the questions that follow the reading texts. This study used the qualitative research design. Meanwhile, the qualitative data of the research were cognitive level of questions that followed the reading texts. The researcher also used content analysis which was as one of the techniques used in qualitative research to collect and analyze the data of the textbook. Moreover, the instruments for analyzing cognitive level of questions that followed the reading texts were a checklist proposed by Igbaria (2013) and a guide for deciding the level of the questions based on the cognitive domain of Bloom’s taxonomy. The result showed that cognitive levels of questions that followed the reading texts found that 125 questions (89.9%) which were categorized as lower order thinking skills. Meanwhile, there were 14 (10.07%) questions which were categorized as higher order thinking skills. Thus, the questions which were categorized as Lower-order Thinking Skills (LOTS) were more dominant in the textbook.
Effects of Jujube Powder on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Indices, and Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler

Simple Summary Broiler feeding now faces great challenges because of the rising cost of poultry diets, with corn being the main component. Developing and utilizing unconventional feed resources is an effective method of feeding broilers, thereby alleviating the problem of a high-cost diet. This study investigated how supplementation with jujube powder influences the growth performance, nutrient apparent utilization, serum immune indices, antioxidant indices, and intestinal microbiota of Cobb broilers. Adding jujube powder to the diet significantly improved the average daily gain, the apparent utilization rate of organic matter, and the apparent metabolic energy of broilers; it enhanced the body’s immunity and antioxidant performance and improved the intestinal microbiota of broilers. The most appropriate percentage of jujube powder to be supplemented was 8%. This indicates that jujube powder can act as a new feed type to replace some basic broiler diets. Abstract In total, 576 Cobb broilers were randomized into 6 treatment groups, with 8 replicates in each treatment group and 12 broilers in each replicate. Each treatment group was fed six different experimental diets containing 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% jujube powder. The group receiving 0% jujube powder was considered the blank control group. The experimental period was 42 days and was divided into two periods: starter (0–21 days) and finisher (22–42 days). Compared with the control group, the addition of 8% jujube powder significantly improved the ADG of broilers (p < 0.05), and 8% and 10% jujube powder significantly improved the total tract apparent digestibility of organic matter in broilers (p < 0.05). Adding 10% jujube powder significantly improved the apparent metabolic energy of broilers (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, 4–10% jujube powder significantly increased IgA, IgG, IgM, and sCD4 levels (p < 0.05) and T-AOC and SOD contents, and it reduced the MDA content in the serum of broilers (p < 0.05). In addition, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, and Romboutsia significantly increased in the broiler ileum, whereas that of Proteobacteria and Enterobacter decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when 8% jujube powder was added to the diet. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium in the cecum increased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas that of Bacteroidetes decreased significantly (p < 0.05).
Dedicated Cone-Beam Breast CT: Reproducibility of Volumetric Glandular Fraction with Advanced Image Reconstruction Methods

Dedicated cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) is an emerging modality and provides fully three-dimensional (3D) images of the uncompressed breast at an isotropic voxel resolution. In an effort to translate this modality to breast cancer screening, advanced image reconstruction methods are being pursued. Since radiographic breast density is an established risk factor for breast cancer and CBBCT provides volumetric data, this study investigates the reproducibility of the volumetric glandular fraction (VGF), defined as the proportion of fibroglandular tissue volume relative to the total breast volume excluding the skin. Four image reconstruction methods were investigated: the analytical Feldkamp–Davis–Kress (FDK), a compressed sensing-based fast, regularized, iterative statistical technique (FRIST), a fully supervised deep learning approach using a multi-scale residual dense network (MS-RDN), and a self-supervised approach based on Noise-to-Noise (N2N) learning. Projection datasets from 106 women who participated in a prior clinical trial were reconstructed using each of these algorithms at a fixed isotropic voxel size of (0.273 mm3). Each reconstructed breast volume was segmented into skin, adipose, and fibroglandular tissues, and the VGF was computed. The VGF did not differ among the four reconstruction methods (p = 0.167), and none of the three advanced image reconstruction algorithms differed from the standard FDK reconstruction (p > 0.862). Advanced reconstruction algorithms developed for low-dose CBBCT reproduce the VGF to provide quantitative breast density, which can be used for risk estimation.
The response in floodplain respiration of an alpine river to experimental inundation under different temperature regimes

The respiratory potential [i.e. electron transport system activity (ETSA)] of soils and sediments from five floodplain habitats (channel, gravel, islands, riparian forest and grassland) of the Urbach River, Switzerland, and actual respiration rate (R) of the same samples exposed to experimental inundation were measured. Measurements were carried out at three incubation temperatures (4°C, 12°C and 20°C), and ETSA/R ratios (i.e. exploitation of the overall metabolic capacity) were investigated to better understand the effects of temperature and inundation on floodplain functional heterogeneity. Furthermore, ETSA/R ratios obtained during experimental inundation were compared with ETSA/R ratios from field measurements to investigate the exploitation in total metabolic potential at different conditions. Lowest ETSA and R were measured in samples from channel and gravel habitats, followed by those from islands. Substantially higher values were measured in soils from riparian forest and grassland. Both ETSA and R increased with increasing temperature in samples from all habitats, while the ETSA/R ratio decreased because of a rapid response in microbial community respiration to higher temperatures. The metabolic capacity exploitation (i.e. ETSA/R) during experimental inundation was lowest in predominantly terrestrial samples (riparian forest and grassland), indicating the weakest response to wetted conditions. Comparison of experimentally inundated and field conditions revealed that in rarely flooded soils, the metabolic capacity was less exploited during inundation than during non‐flooded conditions. The results suggest high sensitivity in floodplain respiration to changes in temperature and hydrological regime. ETSA/R ratios are considered good indicators of changes in metabolic activity of floodplain soils and sediments, and thus useful to estimate the impact of changes in hydrological regime or to evaluate success of floodplain restoration actions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Status, Challenges, and Expectations of Homeless People in Ethiopia: A Case Study of Bahir Dar

People spending night on streets, under open sky or some unowned covered public or commercial spaces in the night is a common feature of cities and fast growing towns of the poor countries in Africa. The demand for urban housing accelerates with the burgeoning urban population due to a very high increasing rate of rural-urban migration. Extreme poverty is a factor that leads to homelessness. These urban homeless spent their life in misery and also affect the urban environment badly. The present study is based on the empirical data obtained from a survey conducted in Bahir Dar town of Ethiopia. The field survey tools like questionnaire, focus group discussion and interview were employed to generate the primary data. Random sampling technique was employed for the questionnaire survey. Secondary data was also the obtained from various sources. The collected data was statistically analysed. The study assessed the demographic description, physical appearance, educational status, social life, their family background and the reson for homelessness, health, source of income, responsibility of the society towards them, their problems and their expectations from the goverment.
Diversity of Harvested Gastropods in Guang-Guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental, Philippines

Gastropods are a highly abundant group of mollusks in the marine environment. Marine gastropods primarily function as prey for other animals, grazers which help recycle nutrients and increase bioturbation activities in the marine ecosystem. Edible gastropods are significant to the economy of coastal communities. However, overexploitation leads to harming the population of marine gastropods. The study aimed to determine the diversity of gastropods harvested at Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental. It also assessed the abundance of the identified gastropods in the area. This study used purposive sampling to enroll gleaners (N = 30) who collected shells and monitored their gastropod harvest. The harvested gastropods were segregated, counted, and identified with the help of gleaners. A total of ten gastropod species were identified from the family of Strombidae, Conidae, Neritidae, Cypraeidae, and Turbinidae. The most abundant group after harvest was Canarium urceus, with a relative abundance of 67%, followed by Ilyanassa obsoleta, with 22%. However, the least harvested species was Nerita, with a relative abundance of 0.18%. The findings revealed that the harvested gastropods in Guang-guang have a diversity index of 0.99, indicating a low diversity of gastropods in the area. This low diversity could mean the area experienced overexploitation through time as gleaners have heavily harvested gastropods. With that, it is highly recommended that conservation should be prioritized to preserve the seashells.
It’s Not You, It’s Me: Investigating the Consequences of Abusive Supervision and the Moderating Role of Impostorism

ABSTRACT The literature on abusive supervision continues to link it to multiple negative workplace outcomes. Yet, much work remains in unraveling the pathways linking abusive supervision to employees’ responses to the perceived abuse. The present study investigated the moderating effects of the impostor phenomenon on employees’ discretionary behaviors when abusive supervision is perceived. Findings from two studies reveal that employees who experience high levels of impostorism feelings indicate they may be more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behaviors and refrain from counterproductive work behaviors than employees who experience low levels of impostorism feelings. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.