Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behaviour, uncertainty, and the role of information in resource management

Cooperation in a social dilemma is noble but risky because one is not sheltered against individuals who are selfish. This ”social uncertainty” is essentially captured in the linear public good game, where it is socially optimal to contribute everything to the public good, while it is privately optimal to keep everything for oneself. Many real-world social dilemmas have an additional source of ”strategic uncertainty”, as socially and privately optimal strategies depend on actions of others. Here, we compare the determinants of cooperation in a linear public good game and a threshold game, where individuals are challenged to guess the contributions of the partners to determine an appropriate investment that aligns with private and collective interest. We combine elicited risk preferences and cooperative attitudes with information from a survey on trust and demographics to analyse what explains cooperation. Our experiments are carried out with farmers in Cambodia who are exposed to various social dilemmas on a daily basis. We find that risk and trust explain cooperation in the linear public good game, but not in the threshold game. These findings call for a more careful examination of real world social dilemmas that typically feature both elements of coordination and cooperation.
Taxonomy of some species of the genus Syllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from the Red Sea found among the first colonizers of an artificial substrate

ABSTRACT During a study on the Syllidae (Annelida) inhabiting artificial panels in the Red Sea, five species have appeared as the first colonizers in the first sampling carried out after three months: Syllis crassicirrata (Treadwell, 1925); Syllis gerlachi (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960); Syllis picta (Kinberg, 1866); Syllis schulzi (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960); and Syllis warrnamboolensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1987). Syllis gerlachi and S. schulzi, already known from the Red Sea, are re-described on the basis of the collected material and type-specimens. The other three species, S. picta, S. warrnamboolensis and S. crassicirrata, recently re-described from Australia, are new for the Red Sea. The most abundant species, S. crassicirrata, shows an interesting variation of colour pattern, which may indicate the presence of a complex of pseudo-cryptic species. A molecular phylogeny was also performed in order to investigate the evolutionary relationships of the Red-Sea species within the genus Syllis.
Wideband High-Gain Circularly Polarized Resonant Cavity Antenna With a Thin Complementary Partially Reflective Surface

In this communication, a new wideband resonant cavity antenna (RCA) with circular polarization is proposed. A wideband circularly polarized (CP) crossed-dipole antenna acts as the main radiating element inside the cavity. The dipole is designed based on self-complementary structures and utilizes several parasitic patches and posts to obtain wideband circular polarization and impedance characteristics. The incorporation of the proposed antenna with a new broadband thin single-layer dual-sided partially reflective surface (PRS) designed based on the complementary structure contributes to the improvement of the antenna gain in a broad bandwidth. The fabrication of the PRS on both sides of a thin single laminate substrate reduces thickness of the PRS compared with conventional multilayer PRS structures, in which the layers are separated by a gap distance. The measured results, which are in agreement with the simulations, show that the proposed antenna has a maximum measured gain of 12.5 dBic, while the 3 dB gain bandwidth and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths are 39% and 43.37%, respectively. The measured results demonstrate the wideband functionality of the proposed antenna.
Blinder-Oaxaca Approach to Identify Innovation Differences in Transition Countries

By the use of firm-level data coming from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS V) conducted in 2012-2014, this paper aims to investigate the sources of the possible gender ownership gap in innovativeness in a set of Transition economies. Through the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition that allows us to define the factors responsible for the differences in the propensity to innovate between female-owned and male-owned firms, we find that the innovation disparity between firms with females among their owners and those having only male owners is mainly due to the differences in endowment effects. Tangible and intangible assets affect the innovation gap between the two groups of firms.
The Use of the Sous-Vide Method in the Preparation of Poultry at Home and in Catering—Protection of Nutrition Value Whether High Energy Consumption

Nowadays, the reduction of food waste, as well as protection of the nutritional value, are significant trends in domestic and catering food processing. Among the trends are innovations in food technology like sous-vide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sous vide cooking on the technological, nutritional, and microbiological quality of the chicken breast as well as to compare it to conventional methods (boiling and steaming). Meats after low-temperature sous-vide heat treatment were characterized by a significantly higher yield (p ≤ 0.05) and water content than those prepared with conventional methods. The energy and time consumption of sous-vide preparation was 5–10 times higher than other methods. The examined heat treatments resulted in a good microbiological quality of samples. The nutritional value of sous-vide products depended on the process parameters. A higher temperature and sous-vide processing time resulted in a higher content of dry matter, protein, and fat in the meat and was close to that of conventional methods. Low parameters of the process resulted in the least changed profile of fatty acids in meat. The use of the sous-vide method protects the nutritional value and allows for the extension of the shelf life of the meat which ultimately reduces food waste. The sous-vide heat treatment method is more suitable for foodservice than use in home conditions because of high energy consumption, despite the protection of nutrition value.
Effects of early postoperative rehabilitation with physiotherapy in the cranial cruciate ligament ruptured dogs stabilized with extra capsular technique

The aim of the study was to find out the efficacy of rehabilitative techniques postoperatively of extracapsular stabilized cranial cruciate ligament deficiency dogs. Twelve dogs were treated surgically by extracapsular imbrication method. Post operatively six dogs were rehabilitated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation and different therapeutic exercise. The lameness score and weight score and girth of thigh differ significantly between them. Range of motion and girth also improved but non significantly. There was an early recovery in physiotherapy group dogs as compared to dogs in the non physiotherapy group.
An overview of stress response proteomes in Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes adapts to diverse stress conditions including cold, osmotic, heat, acid, and alkali stresses encountered during food processing and preservation which is a serious food safety threat. In this review, we have presented the major findings on this bacterium’s stress response proteomes to date along with the different approaches used for its proteomic analysis. The key proteome findings on cold, heat shock, salt, acid, alkaline and HHP stresses illustrate that the cellular stress responses in this organism are a culmination of multiple protein expression changes in response to a particular stress stimuli. Moreover, a number of key proteins may be involved in conferring the cross protective effects against various stress environments. As an example, ferritin-like protein (designated as Fri or Flp) is induced during cold, heat, and HHP stresses. Similarly, general stress protein Ctc is induced in cold and osmotic stresses while molecular chaperones such as GroEL and DnaK are induced in cold and heat stresses. Furthermore, a number of stress proteins also contribute towards L. monocytogenes virulence and pathogenicity. Future research may lead to understanding the stress proteomes of this pathogen induced on various food matrices and processing environments in which it can persist for long periods of time.
Impact of weather on incidence of sucking pests in groundnut

Population dynamics of sucking pests of groundnut viz. aphids, leaf hoppers and thrips were studied. Correlation between the pest population and weather parameters was analyzed and regression equations were developed. Incidence of aphids, leaf hoppers and thrips on groundnut crop during kharif season has started on 27th SMW. Aphid population (12.1 aphids/plant) reached the peak in the 31 SMW; whereas, leaf hopper (3.5 /plant) and thrips (3.5 thrips/ plant) attained peak in the 31st SMW. The population of aphids, leafhopper and thrips then decreased till the 38th SMW. Aphid population showed significant positive correlation with mean atmosphere temperature(r = 0.673) and non-significant negative correlative with mean relative humidity(r = -0.211) and rainfall (r = -0.0268). Leaf hopper exhibited significant positive correlation with mean temperature (r = 0.573) while, non-significant negative correlation with mean relative humidity(r = -0.297) and rainfall(r = -0.274). Thrips population exhibited significant positive correlation with relative humidity (r=0.503) while, non-significant correlation with mean relative humidity(r=0.105) and rainfall (r=-0.471). Incidence of aphids, leaf hoppers and thrips on groundnut crop during rabi season has started on 51th SMW. Aphid population (16.5 aphids/plant) reached the peak in the 9 SMW; whereas, leaf hopper (3.64 /plant) and thrips (7.14 thrips/ plant) attained peak in the 7th and 5th SMW respectively. Later, the population of aphids, leafhopper and thrips then decreased till the 12th SMW. The correlation between weather parameters and sucking pest population followed the pattern similar to kharif season. Regression analysis data of revealed that the multiple non-linear regression equations are sufficient enough to predict the pest population with prevailing weather parameters.
Influence of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression on the biological behavior of ameloblastomas

Background: Ameloblastomas, the second-most common odontogenic tumors, are locally aggressive benign lesions that derive from cellular components of the enamel organ. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the possible influence of cell proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on the biological behavior of ameloblastomas. Materials and Methods: A PubMed database search through February 2018, using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms were performed: “ameloblastoma” and (“Ki 67 antigen” or “proliferating cell nuclear antigen”). Selection Criteria: Studies with findings on cell proliferation markers in ameloblastoma. There were no restrictions regarding language or date of publication. Data Analysis: The data were analyzed using statistical software RevMan 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). For continuous outcomes, the estimates of effects of an intervention were expressed as mean differences using the inverse variance method together with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Fourteen studies on cell proliferation markers in ameloblastoma were included in this meta-analysis. A greater significant Ki-67 expression in recurrent ameloblastomas (P
Do IFRS support debt issue for European private companies

This paper studies the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on debt issue. It uses empirical analysis to investigate whether European privately held firms can raise debt better by reporting their consolidated financial information according to IFRS rather than local accounting practices. Using fixed-effect regressions on 8,391 firms in 22 countries from 2005 to 2018, the authors show that IFRS adoption leads to better private debt issue for non-listed firms, especially if the firms are opaque or are located in common law countries. The results remain the same regardless of specification and are robust to several alternative tests.
Data Protection or Data Frustration? Individual Perceptions and Attitudes Towards the GDPR

Strengthening individual rights, enhancing control over one’s data and raising awareness were among the main aims the European Commission set for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In order to assess whether these aims have been met, research into individual perceptions, awareness, and understanding of the Regulation is necessary. This study thus examines individual reactions to the GDPR in order to provide insights into user agency in relation to the Regulation. More specifically, it discusses empirical data (survey with N = 1288) on individual knowledge of, reactions to, and rights exercised under the GDPR in the Netherlands. The results show high awareness of the GDPR and knowledge of individual rights. At the same time, the Dutch show substantial reactance to the Regulation and doubt the effectiveness of their individual rights. These findings point to several issues obstructing the GDPR’s effectiveness, and constitute useful signposts for policy-makers and enforcement agencies to prioritise their strategies in achieving the original aims of the Regulation.
Multivariate analysis of quantitative characters variability in Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landrace: Based on regions and altitude

cluster III whereas the highest inter-cluster distance was 57.37 between cluster IV and V. The ﬁrst three principal components contributed 51.76% of the total variations observed among the genotypes. Principal component one (PC1) alone had contributed 22.56% of the total variations mainly due to plant height, 1000-seed weight, grain yield and peduncle length in their respective order. Principal component two (PC2) contributed 18.94% of the total variations mainly through spike density, number of kernels per spike, spike weight and days to maturity in their descending order. Principal component three (PC3) had contributed 10.94% of the total variations through total number of tillers per plant, number of seed-bearing tillers, days to 90% maturity and days to 50% heading. Altitude of the original landrace collection sites also signiﬁcantly impacted the various quantitative characteristics studied. Regional differentiations were also evident among the landrace collections. These results reveal the existence of signiﬁcant agro-morphological variations among the landraces included in this study. Based on the characters considered and populations evaluated, the marked diversity observed among the barley landraces in Ethiopia could be utilized in future crop improvement for various agronomically important traits. The information generated complements the robust barley breeding program of competitive, stable and climate-resilient varieties of end users’ preferences in different agro-ecologies of Ethiopia.
Genetic change versus stasis over the time course of invasions: trajectories of two concurrent, allopatric introductions of the Eurasian ruffe

Few investigations have examined whether population genetic changes occur over the course of nonindigenous species invasions, which would facilitate understanding their trajectories and ecological successes. The Eurasian ruffe fish Gymnocephalus cernua unintentionally was introduced from ballast water released into western Lake Superior of the North American Laurentian Great Lakes in ~ 1986, likely originating from the Elbe River region where ruffe is indigenous. The ruffe spread quickly to several other areas in the upper Great Lakes, but despite early predictions, has not invaded the lower Great Lakes. In ~ 1991, the ruffe was introduced to Bassenthwaite Lake in northern England through bait bucket releases from southern England, where it is indigenous (and genetically distinct from the Great Lakes invasion). The genetic trajectories of these two independent invasions offer intriguing evolutionary and ecological comparisons. This study tested two alternative hypotheses for the genetic compositions of the two invasions, with reference to two native northern European populations (Elbe River and Vistula Lagoon): whether they have (1) experienced temporal consistency or (2) changed over their respective 30-year time courses. At each invasion stage (early, middle, or later), population genetic diversity may (A) remain similar, (B) decrease due to drift, or (C) increase over time due to addition and establishment of new propagules. Analyses of variation at 10 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci and entire mitochondrial DNA control region sequencing revealed that both invasions overall have lower effective population sizes, allelic richness, and observed heterozygosity compared to the native populations, indicating founder effects. The genetic compositions of both invasions significantly changed over 30 years, supporting hypothesis 2. Diversity has remained relatively consistent overall (A), with decreased allelic richness at the middle invasion stage (B), followed by recovery (C), suggesting arrival of new propagules. Moreover, population differentiation occurred with spread in the upper Great Lakes, with no overall differences in genetic diversity levels (scenario 2A). Ruffe numbers in the Great Lakes have been declining over time, and its continued absence from the lower Great Lakes may reflect limited genetic diversity stemming from a single source population area and few new supplements. The genetic diversity reservoirs of both ruffe invasions, along with continued measures to prevent new inoculants, may constrain their populations and limit long-term ecological success.
Impact of high phosphorous and sodium on productivity and stress tolerance of Arundo donax plants

Arundo donax L. is an invasive species recently employed for biomass production that emits large amounts of isoprene, a volatile compound having important defensive role. Here, the potential of A. donax to grow in degraded soils, characterized by poor fertility, eutrophication and/or salinization, has been evaluated at morphological, biochemical and transcriptional level. Our results highlight sensitivity of A. donax to P deficiency. Moreover, we show that A. donax response to salt stress (high sodium, Na+), which impaired plant performance causing detrimental effects on leaf cells ultrastructure, is characterized by enhanced biosynthesis of antioxidant carotenoids and sucrose. Differently from Na+, high phosphorous (P) supply did not hamper photosynthesis although it affected carbon metabolism through reduction of starch content and by lowering isoprene emission. In particular, we revealed on salt-stress leaves that high P enhanced the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance, but further increased diffusive limitations to photosynthesis and slowed-down sugar turnover without modifying isoprene emission. Therefore, despite limiting productivity, high P improved A. donax tolerance to salinity by favouring the accumulation of carbohydrates that protect cells and increase osmotic potential, and by stimulating the synthesis of antioxidants that improves photo-protection and avoids excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Highlights Arundo donax is sensitive to elevated salinity. High phosphorous supply to salt-stressed A. donax enhances transcriptomic changesthat induce the onset of physiological mechanisms of stress tolerance but limits productivity.
Significant COVID-19 burden in Polish children

Introduction COVID-19 cases have rarely been reported in children. We sought to analyse the attack rate in paediatric population in Poland, focusing on local variations among the provinces, correlation with the number of tests per capita, and test positivity rate. Material and methods This cross-sectional study involved the 38.38 million population and detected 17,921 cases (age known in 17,822). Data were collected from publicly available registries and were analysed by age group and province of the country. Results Children constituted 6.68% of cases (n = 1,191). The attack rate reached 15.49/100,000 children, increasing with age (10.79/100,000 in < 4 y.o. to 21.59/100,000 in 15–19 y.o.). Significant variations in the attack rates were observed: a 9.52-fold ratio between the highest and the lowest attack rates in provinces. The provinces from the first and fourth attack rate quartiles differed in the test positivity rate (4.96% vs. 1.98%, p < 0.05), but not in the number of tests per capita. The lowest quartile provinces showed 1.87- to 5.78-fold lower attack rates, compared to the directly neighbouring provinces, without any known population susceptibility differences. The attack rates in children and adults correlated very strongly (rho = 0.81). The attack rate correlated with the test positivity rate (rho = 0.64 in children and rho = 0.71 in adults) but not with the number of tests per capita. Conclusions COVID-19 burden in children is significant. The local differences highlight various testing strategies, but the awareness of SARS-CoV-2 in children is essential. The correlation between attack rates in children and adults shows that the outbreak in children is parallel to the one observed in adults.
Effects of biuret addition on soil nitrogen transformations and Douglas fir seedling growth

This.project was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of using of biuret as a plant growth and/or soil microbial activity regulator at low concentrations, and as a slow-release N fertiliser at high concentrations. Biuret stimulated Douglas-fir seedling growth at low concentrations, but inhibited it at high concentrations. The stimulation of biuret on seedling growth in sand and solution culture was associated with increased net photosynthetic rate and nutrient uptake and when grown in the soil it was also related to the improvement of soil N availability and therefore the uptake of N by seedlings. Provenance 93 (relatively fast growing) was more responsive to lower concentrations of biuret, but more sensitive to the toxicity of biuret at high concentrations than provenance 98 (relatively slow growing). Yellow-tip (chlorosis) in needles was a typical symptom of biuret toxicity. Applied nitrogen had a much greater effect on Douglas fir seedling growth than biuret. Provenance 93 grew faster at lower N supply due to its greater ability to absorb more nutrients and further to distribute more into the shoot. Biuret at lower concentrations had a positive real priming effect on net mineralisation of native soil N in both soils. The causes for the positive priming effects were related to the stimulation of microbial growth and activity at an early stage of the incubation and/or the death of microbes at a later stage, which was biuret-concentration-dependent. Biuret additions increased gross rates of soil N mineralisation and nitrification and affected the turnover rates of mineral N pools. The biuret-N tracing technique further confirmed that biuret addition stimulated the mineralization of native soil N by increasing the turnover rate constant (k value). The potential of biuret as a slow-release N source at high concentrations (especially in the Burnham soil) was related to the slow mineralisation, nitrification and more immobilisation of biuret-N, which reduced the potential of N losses by volatilisation and denitrification.