Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and Yield of Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) under the Influence of Planting Geometry and Irrigation Regimes

A field study to evaluate the “growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under the influence of planting geometry and irrigation regimes” was carried out at Oilseeds Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam located at (25°25'60"N, 68°31'60"E) during Kharif 2013. The experiment was laid out in a three replicated randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial, having net plot size 3 × 3 m (9 m2). The treatments comprised three planting geometry (30 × 20 cm, 45 × 15 cm and 60 × 10 cm) and three irrigation regimes (2 irrigations at 20 and 40 DAS, 3 irrigations at 20, 40 and 60 DAS and 4 irrigations at 20, 40, 60 and 80 DAS). The analysis of variance showed that all the planting geometry and irrigation regimes significantly (P -1 (15.67), capsules plant-1 (38.00), seeds capsule-1 (51.44), seed weight plant-1 (31.89 g), seed index (2.83 g), biological yield (2301.23 kg·ha-1), seed yield (742.33 kg·ha-1) and harvest index (30.44%), followed by planting geometry of 60 × 10 cm in all the parameters. However, minimum growth and yield traits of sesame were recorded under planting geometry of 30 × 20 cm. Moreover, plant height was maximum (99.89 cm) under planting geometry of 30 × 20 cm. Among irrigation regimes, four irrigations (20, 40, 60 and 80 DAS) recorded maximum plant height (103.33 cm), branches plant-1 (16.44), capsules plant-1 (41.22), seeds capsule-1 (54.56), seed weight plant-1 (33.22 g), seed index (2.92 g), biological yield (2321.21 kg·ha-1), seed yield (748.78 kg·ha-1) and harvest index (31.00%), followed by three irrigations (20, 40 and 60 DAS) almost in all the traits. However, minimum growth and yield traits of sesame were recorded when crop was applied two irrigations (20 and 40 DAS). In case of interactive effects, the interaction of planting geometry of 45 × 15 cm × four irrigations (20, 40, 60 and 80 DAS) resulted in maximum attributes, particularly seed yield (765.00 kg·ha-1), whereas minimum traits were noted in the interaction of planting geometry of 30 × 20 cm × two irrigations (20 and 40 DAS). Furthermore, the results of four and three irrigations had non-significant differences with each other means not sharing the same letter differ significantly at 0.05 probability level. Hence, it is concluded that interaction of 45 × 15 cm planting geometry and three irrigations (20, 40 and 60 DAS) is conducive to produce maximum seed yield (kg·ha-1) of sesame.
Validação da assimilação de dados na inferência da refletividade de um radar com o sistema MM5

On certain occasions the Rio Grande do Sul State is affected by atypical weather systems events which are in the category of mesoscale phenomena. The inability of global forecast models to appropriately simulate several localized effects, which occurs over the most different regions, associated to the fast increase of computational resource, is facilitating and increasingly inducing the use of mesoscale models to improve the understanding of anomalous and severe events and also as a necessary and indispensable operational tool. In order to evaluate the skill of mesoscale model to provide precipitation forecasts, with space and time scales compatible with those of a Doppler meteorological radar, a mesoscale modeling system, the MM5, is implemented to explore the occurrence of the relatively severe precipitation event; occurred near the city of Cangucu / RS, on January 11, 2008. The event was arbitrarily selected; to evaluate the model skill in inferring the reflectivity of the meteorological radar, installed in Cangucu / RS, running the MM5 model with and without conventional data assimilations, as well as to get an approach of the thermo-hydrodynamics and synoptic conditions analysis.
Over three decades study populations in progressive multiple sclerosis have become older and more disabled, but have lower on-trial progression rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 randomized placebo-controlled trials

Nicholas RS1, Han E1, Raffel J1, Chataway J2, Friede T3 1 Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom. 2 Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, and University College London, UK 3 Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboltallee 32, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
Mean winds and tides in the Arctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere

[1] A new meteor radar has been deployed at Esrange (68°N, 21°E) near Kiruna in Sweden. The radar has been used to measure winds and tides in the Arctic mesosphere/lower thermosphere region over the interval August 1999 to July 2000. Conspicuous features of the measured mean winds include a strong shear of up to 5 m s−1 km−1 in the summer zonal flow, resulting in eastward flows of in excess of 30 m s−1 at the upper heights observed (97 km). An equatorward meridional flow is observed in summer and winter, which reaches maximum values of ∼13 m s−1 in a summer jet. Poleward flow in comparison is weak and only occurs at the equinoxes. The monthly mean and seasonal mean behaviors of the amplitudes and phases of the 12- and 24-hour tides are examined and compared to the Global Scale Wave Model-98. The observations are generally very close to the model predictions for the 24-hour tide and for the 12-hour tide in winter. In other seasons, particularly summer, the observed 12-hour tidal amplitudes are significantly larger than those predicted. In spring and summer the wavelength of the 12-hour tide is significantly larger than that predicted.
INTERTIDAL ZONATION OF MACROFAUNA AND STRATIFICATION OF MEIOFAUNA ON HIGH ENERGY SANDY BEACHES IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

Summary Intertidal macrofauna on high energy beaches in the East Cape occurs in two zones: a lower zone dominated by Bullia rhodostoma, Donax sordidus and Gastrosaccus psammodytes; a midlit-toral zone starting about 0,9 m above extreme low water of spring tides and extending to about 1,9 m above ELWS is wetted on every tide and is dominated by Donax serra, with isopods also present. There is no upper zone or subterrestrial fringe, probably due to the absence of a distinct drift line. Meiofaunal distribution has been divided into four strata in the sediment: a dry sand stratum in the upper sediment near the top of the shore is wetted only at high tide and its meiofauna is predominantly nematodes; a moist sand stratum underlies the dry sand down to the permanent water table and here a rich and diverse meiofauna, usually dominated by crustaceans, occurs; a water table stratum at and below the permanent water table has lowered oxygen tensions and moderate meiofauna numbers dominated by nematodes and crustacea.
relation of serum il-32 levels and gene polymorphism rs45499297 with obesity in Mexican patients: a laboratory and in silico analysis Trabajo Original

Background: many genes have been involved in the development of obesity. Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine; rs45499297 is a T/C promoter, single-nucleotide polymorphism of the IL-32 gene. Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the rs45499297 polymorphism and its association with obesity. Another objective of this study was to carry out an in silico analysis. Methods: this study was cross-sectional, and included 333 subjects classified by body mass index and fat percentage. The plasma glucose and lipid profile were measured. We measured serum IL-32 protein by ELISA and the rs45499297 polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. We used several databases to build the IL-32 gene network and infer transcription factors that bind to this polymorphic site. Results: subjects underweight and with low fat percentages had lower levels of IL-32. CT genotype and allele C were less frequent in the over- weight/obesity group than in the normal-weight group. Interestingly, this result remained only in the male gender. We found that the transcription factors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor and Specificity Protein 1 bind to this polymorphic site. In addition, we infer that IL-32 is involved in metabolic pathways related to viral infections. Conclusion: the TC genotype is associated with overweight/obesity. The decrease in levels of IL-32 observed in underweight and low fat per- centage groups could be due to an impaired inflammatory profile. The in silico analysis showed that several transcriptional factors bind at this polymorphic site, and that the enrichment of the metabolic pathways is diverse.
Exercise fidelity and progression in a supervised exercise programme for adults with venous leg ulcers

This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version KLONIZAKIS, Markos, GUMBER, Anil, MCINTOSH, Emma, KING, Brenda, MIDDLETON, Geoff, MICHAELS, Jonathan A and TEW, Garry (2018). Exercise fidelity and progression in a supervised exercise programme for adults with venous leg ulcers. International Wound Journal, 15 (5), 822-828.
Global deep ocean oxygenation by enhanced ventilation in the Southern Ocean under long‐term global warming

Global warming is expected to decrease ocean oxygen concentrations by less solubility of surface ocean and change in ocean circulation. The associated expansion of the oxygen minimum zone would have adverse impacts on marine organisms and ocean biogeochemical cycles. Oxygen reduction is expected to persist for a thousand years or more, even after atmospheric carbon dioxide stops rising. However, long‐term changes in ocean oxygen and circulation are still unclear. Here we simulate multimillennium changes in ocean circulation and oxygen under doubling and quadrupling of atmospheric carbon dioxide, using a fully coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model and an offline biogeochemical model. In the first 500 years, global oxygen concentration decreases, consistent with previous studies. Thereafter, however, the oxygen concentration in the deep ocean globally recovers and overshoots at the end of the simulations, despite surface oxygen decrease and weaker Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. This is because, after the initial cessation, the recovery and overshooting of deep ocean convection in the Weddell Sea enhance ventilation and supply oxygen‐rich surface waters to deep ocean. Another contributor to deep ocean oxygenation is seawater warming, which reduces the export production and shifts the organic matter remineralization to the upper water column. Our results indicate that the change in ocean circulation in the Southern Ocean potentially drives millennial‐scale oxygenation in deep ocean, which is opposite to the centennial‐scale global oxygen reduction and general expectation.
Determination and Characterization of Preferential Water Flow in Unsaturated Subsoil of Andisol

Experimental approaches for directly determining preferential water flow in field soils usually require artificial interruption of the soil matrix's water flow. This interruption may change the quantitative as well as the qualitative nature of the preferential water flow, particularly in soils such as Andisols where matrix water flow is the dominant process of drainage. To overcome this problem, we applied both the one-dimensional form of Darcy's equation and the soil water balance method, during and shortly after each rain event, for characterizing as well as determining the preferential water flow across a depth of 1 m in an Andisol. The volumetric water contents and pressure potentials at different soil depths were monitored by time domain reflectometry and tensiometry during a 7-yr period. Preferential water flow was detected only two to seven times per year; nevertheless, it accounted for 16 to 27% of the annual total drainage. These flows occurred under macroscopically homogeneous soil water conditions, with pressure potentials mostly below the air-entry pressure in the subsoil. The in situ unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at the depth of 1 m, determined to apparently explain the total drainage during a preferential water flow event, varied over more than one order of magnitude, with little change in water content, and the maximum value reached the saturated hydraulic conductivity. This indicates that preferential water flow occurred mainly through the largest macropores at this depth due to pore-scale physical nonequilibrium. Macropore-mediated preferential water flow and solute transport should be considered in unsaturated subsoil of Andisols.
Reconstructions of surface ocean conditions from the northeast Atlantic and Nordic seas during the last millennium

We undertake the first comprehensive effort to integrate North Atlantic marine climate records for the last millennium, highlighting some key components common within this system at a range of temporal and spatial scales. In such an approach, careful consideration needs to be given to the complexities inherent to the marine system. Composites therefore need to be hydrographically constrained and sensitive to both surface water mass variability and three-dimensional ocean dynamics. This study focuses on the northeast (NE) North Atlantic Ocean, particularly sites influenced by the North Atlantic Current. A composite plus regression approach is used to create an inter-regional NE North Atlantic reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) for the last 1000 years. We highlight the loss of spatial information associated with large-scale composite reconstructions of the marine environment. Regional reconstructions of SSTs off the Norwegian and Icelandic margins are presented, along with a larger-scale reconstruction spanning the NE North Atlantic. The latter indicates that the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’ warming was most pronounced before ad 1200, with a long-term cooling trend apparent after ad 1250. This trend persisted until the early 20th century, while in recent decades temperatures have been similar to those inferred for the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’. The reconstructions are consistent with other independent records of sea-surface and surface air temperatures from the region, indicating that they are adequately capturing the climate dynamics of the last millennium. Consequently, this method could potentially be used to develop large-scale reconstructions of SSTs for other hydrographically constrained regions.
Systematic, regional survey in SE Shandong Province, China

AbstractThis paper presents results from two seasons of full coverage, systematic, regional survey in SE Shandong province, China. It describes how systematic, regional survey provides valuable information on change in settlement patterns during the late prehistoric and early historical periods in northern China. Full coverage survey enabled us to discover scores of new sites in the area. Our collaborative survey, the first of its kind in the Yellow River Valley, reveals that a multi-tier settlement hierarchy developed around the large Longshan period (ca. 2600–1900 B.C.) site of Liangchengzhen. The settlement pattern for the Longshan Period is highly nucleated in comparison to the patterns found for the succeeding Zhou and Han periods.
Age-related differences in the neural network interactions underlying the predictability gain

Speech comprehension is often challenged by increased background noise, but can be facilitated via the semantic context of a sentence. This predictability gain relies on an interplay of language-specific semantic and domain-general brain regions. However, age-related differences in the interactions within and between semantic and domain-general networks remain poorly understood. Using functional neuroimaging, we investigated commonalities and differences in network interactions enabling processing of degraded speech in healthy young and old participants. Participants performed a sentence repetition task while listening to sentences with high and low predictable endings and varying intelligibility. Stimulus intelligibility was adjusted to individual hearing abilities. Older adults showed an undiminished behavioural predictability gain. Likewise, both groups recruited a similar set of semantic and cingulo-opercular brain regions. However, we observed age-related differences in effective connectivity for high predictable speech of increasing intelligibility. Young adults exhibited stronger connectivity between regions of the cingulo-opercular network and between left insula and the posterior middle temporal gyrus. Moreover, these interactions were excitatory in young adults but inhibitory in old adults. Finally, the degree of the inhibitory influence between cingulo-opercular regions was predictive of the behavioural sensitivity towards changes in intelligibility for high predictable sentences in older adults only. Our results demonstrate that the predictability gain is relatively preserved in older adults when stimulus intelligibility is individually adjusted. While young and old participants recruit similar brain regions, differences manifest in underlying network interactions. Together, these results suggest that ageing affects the network configuration rather than regional activity during successful speech comprehension under challenging listening conditions.
The role of dune morphogenetic history in the interpretation of linear dune luminescence chronologies: a review of linear dune dynamics

Contemporary knowledge on aeolian dune dynamics is reviewed to enable an appraisal of evolutionary mechanisms involved in linear dune stratigraphic sequence development. The degrees of depositional record retention in the dune structures are evaluated and the corollary applied to methods used in the interpretation of luminescence dating chronologies acquired from such sedimentary accumulations. It is demonstrated that morphogenetic aspects of dune development are an imperative element to invoke when carrying out palaeoenvironmental reconstruction using luminescence dating ages acquired from linear dune sequences. To help depict the role of dune morphogenesis, hypothetical scenarios that simulate the preservation of stratigraphical records in linear dune sequences are presented using two different theories that have been advanced to explain origin and development of linear dunes: bidirectional wind regime and helical roll vortices. It is illustrated that linear dune systems that evolve under bidirectional wind influence are intrinsically inefficient at preserving complete records of their depositional history and this places major constraints for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction using luminescence chronologies. When linear dunes develop under the influence of helical roll vortices, on the other hand, it is shown that the degree of sequence preservation would be higher. The possibility of lateral migration of linear dune structures is indicated to be an additional limitation that may encumber the interpretation of luminescence ages.
Use of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder high–spectral resolution spectra to assess the calibration of Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on EOS Aqua

[1] AIRS and MODIS on the EOS Aqua spacecraft collect global observations of the Earth's upwelling infrared radiance for numerous remote sensing and climate related applications. This paper presents comparisons of the AIRS and MODIS radiance observations and illustrates the utility of using high–spectral resolution observations to create a highly accurate assessment of broadband sensor calibration. In the analysis, the high–spectral resolution AIRS spectra are reduced to MODIS spectral resolution, and the high–spatial resolution MODIS data are reduced to AIRS spatial resolution for global data collected on 6 September 2002 and 18 February 2004. Spatially uniform scenes are selected, and the observed differences are characterized as a function of several parameters including scene temperature, sensor scan (view) angle, and solar zenith angle. The comparisons are in general very good with respect to the expected radiometric accuracies of the sensors, with mean brightness temperature differences of 0.1 K or less for many of the MODIS bands. Uncertainties of these determinations range from near 0 K for window region bands to as large as 0.2 K for other bands. For MODIS water vapor bands 27 (6.8 μm) and 28 (7.3 μm) and temperature sounding bands 34 (13.7 μm), 35 (13.9 μm), and 36 (14.2 μm), the differences exhibit a dependence on scene temperature, with peak differences exceeding 1 K for bands 27 and 36. Differences as a function of scan angle are 0.4 K or less for all bands, and scan angles but clear trends are defined. Results for the 2 days demonstrate good reproducibility with changes in mean differences of 0.1 K or less for most bands.
The electrical resistivity structure of Archean to Tertiary lithosphere along 3200 km of SNORCLE profiles, northwestern Canada

Magnetotelluric (MT) measurements to image the three-dimensional resistivity structure of the North American continent from an Archean core to a region of Tertiary assembly were recorded at almost 300 sites along 3200 km of profiles on the Lithoprobe Slave - Northern Cordillera Lithospheric Evolution (SNORCLE) transect in northwestern Canada. At the largest scale, the MT results indicate significant lithospheric thickness variation, from 260 km at the southwest margin of the Slave craton to significantly < 100 km at the southwestern end of the SNORCLE transect in the Cordillera. At intermediate scale, the resistivity results allow broad terrane subdivisions to be made. Several anomalously conductive zones along the SNORCLE transect, in rocks ranging in age from Archean to Tertiary, are attributed to the introduction of either water or carbon into the crust and mantle during subduction processes. At the local scale, the MT data image two major faults crossing the study area, the Great Slave Lake shear zone and the Tintina Fault. The resistivity images show that both the Tintina Fault and Great Slave Lake shear zone form crustal-scale features, and that the Tintina Fault has a remarkably uniform resistivity signature over a 400 km strike length in the study area. Arguably the most controversial conclusion reached is that the MT data do not support the western extension of North American autochthonous basement suggested from interpretation of the seismic reflection data.
Trajectories and biopsychosocial predictors of daily acute pain in adolescents receiving

adolescents’ sleep quality (de la Vega et al., 2016; Harrison et al., 2014; Lewandowski et al., 2010) and daily functioning (Anastas et al., 2018). Preliminary studies have examined changes in specific acute pain populations over time and predictors of such change, though data are generally limited to adolescents who reported acute pain after having a spinal fusion surgery and teens who reported otherwise new onset musculoskeletal pain. For example, pain intensity scores reduced by almost 89% within 14 days after a posterior spinal fusion surgery in a sample of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (Kwan et al., 2017). Also, a majority of adolescents who underwent major musculoskeletal surgery reported a decline in pain across 4-months (Rabbitts et al., 2020) and about 22% of teens who received spinal fusion surgery demonstrated unrelenting pain that was at or above their baseline pain level (Connelly et al., 2014). Similarly, 35% of youth with new onset musculoskeletal pain were found to exhibit persistent pain beyond the acute pain period (i.e., at 4-month follow-up) (Holley et al., 2017). Combined, data suggest there are multiple trajectories of Introduction