Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Swimming alone? Why linking flood risk perception and behavior requires more than “it's the individual, stupid”

A common assertion in discussions of flooding is that risk perception is critical and is linked to risk‐mitigating behavior. Furthermore, many assert that the adverse effects of floods could be reduced by changes in risk communication, thereby influencing risk perception to foster mitigating behavior. We argue that these assertions are based on quite questionable underlying assumptions: That stakeholders are generally aware of flood risk, that they have the capacity to engage in disaster risk reduction, and that their actions can be effective. The belief in and policies influenced by these three questionable assertions support, in turn, policies that shift responsibility for flood risk reduction onto individuals and homeowners, without regard for social and spatial justice issues. In contrast, we argue that context matters to understanding the complexity of the relation between flood risk perception and behavior, local power relations, and other constraints and opportunities that affect stakeholders. While the academic community has long played a pivotal role in supporting practical flood risk management, future research should take a more critical perspective on the underlying assumptions and focus on improving coordination across theories, methods, and variables, fostering comparative studies across disciplines, contexts, and scales.
Fulfilling the Process Promise: A Review and Agenda for New Venture Creation Process Research

We review new venture creation process research in leading journals over the past 30 years, applying a broad view of “process. ” While we find a rich and varied literature with significant quantitative and qualitative growth, the review reveals considerable room for future contributions in this important area of entrepreneurship research. In an agenda building on review results, exemplary articles, and theory development advice from other sources, we discuss several types of such future contributions. We hope that our efforts can inspire emerging scholars, colleagues, research leaders, and institutional actors to contribute to a bright future for this core domain of entrepreneurship research.
Explaining Media Coverage of Constitutional Court Decisions in Germany: The Role of Case Characteristics

ABSTRACT Research on the media coverage of decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court has revealed that the newsworthiness of a court decision – as determined by specific case characteristics – influences the likelihood that the decision will be covered by the media. However, in the context of European constitutional courts, media coverage of court decisions can be understood to be a form of justice reporting that focuses on general public interest and is operationalized by case characteristics that indicate the newsworthiness of the decisions. Using the case of the German Federal Constitutional Court, the determining factors behind whether court decisions are featured in the German media (i.e., that they receive media coverage in at least one newspaper article) are expounded. A local text alignment measurement of court decisions and newspaper articles enables media coverage to be identified based on original data on 3,404 decisions and 9,436 newspaper articles from between 2008 and 2018. The results demonstrate that media coverage of the German Court is not affected by declarations of unconstitutionality, though coverage is more likely when a decision is accompanied by a press release, an oral hearing, a dissenting opinion, or a combination of all three items. As these decisional aspects are the prerogative of the FCC, the results demonstrate that the German Constitutional Court has the necessary instruments to independently influence media coverage.
Can Weeds Overtopping Soybean or Adzuki Bean Be Mechanically Pulled to Reduce Their Seed Input?

Abstract Tall weeds escaping early weed management, such as weeds resistant to one or multiple herbicides, are an increasing concern. When weeds reach a certain size, few options other than hand weeding will limit the production and dispersal of seeds. The objective of this project was to evaluate the efficacy of the Bourquin Organic Weed Puller® (a rotating series of wheels that grab and pull) at removing tall weeds before they shed seeds in soybean and adzuki bean. Trials were set up in Canada at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada research farms at Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (SJR), QC (2 yr), and Harrow (HAR), ON (1 yr), on a loamy and a sandy soil, respectively. The experimental design included crops of different potential heights (different soybean cultivars and adzuki bean), two weed species per location (common lambsquarters [both locations] and common ragweed or redroot pigweed at HAR), and two pulling dates. The set-up also included weedy and herbicide-treated control plots. Weeds overtopping the crop canopy by at least 10 cm were tagged and characterized. Damage from the weed puller was rated as 1, pulled (desired effect); 2, cut; 3, folded; 4, stripped; and 5, intact. The seed production of damaged and intact weeds was also recorded. Less than one-third of common ragweed or redroot pigweed plants were pulled during any treatment combination. The highest pulling rates were observed for common lambsquarters at SJR (43%), but very few were pulled at HAR (3.1% max). Pulling rates were not high enough to potentially control seed inputs from herbicide-resistant populations, and successfully pulled common lambsquarters left on the ground produced thousands of viable seeds. Nomenclature: Common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBEL; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMARE; adzuki bean, Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr
Studying the Reliability in Multi-Objective Management of Groundwater under Uncertainty of Hydraulic Conductivity Values

Groundwater is considered as an important source of freshwater for several purposes. The increasing demand of groundwater has resulted in an indiscriminate of this source causing environmental hazards such as decline of groundwater levels and well interference. This paper presents a new methodology for optimal management of groundwater in unconfined aquifers in case of uncertainty due to spatial variability of hydraulic conductivities. The suggested methodology includes application of two main consecutive approaches. In the first approach, Monte Carlo simulation is adopted to generate multiple realizations of the hydraulic conductivity values depend on limited field measurements, then a simulation-optimization model is developed and applied to solve the groundwater management problem for each realization. The results of the simulation-optimization model are several Pareto-front optimal solutions for each realization. A unique Pareto-compromise solution for each Pareto-front is determined. In the second approach, to assess the reliability analysis, Pareto-compromise solutions are divided into groups according to the number of wells to detect the most reliable number of wells. The most reliable locations of wells (also their discharges) are detected by splitting these Pareto-compromise solutions into groups according to a new suggested term called radius of gyration. For each group, the performance/state function is assumed as a function of the two objectives corresponding to each Paretocompromise solution. Then, Monte Carlo simulation, Latin Hypercube sampling, and First Order Reliability Method are applied to study the reliability of the estimated function corresponding to each realization. The methodology is then illustrated by the application on the Quaternary Aquifer of Wadi El-Tumilat, Egypt. The proposed methodology shows its ability to suggest only one system of wells of high level of reliability. Hamdy A. El-Ghandour and Samer M. Elabd C: 59
The periodic problem for the second order integro-differential equations with distributed deviation

We study the question of the unique solvability of the periodic type problem for the second order linear integro-differential equation with distributed argument deviation u ′′(t) = p0(t)u(t) + ∫ ω 0 p(t, s)u(τ(t, s)) ds+ q(t), and on the basis of the obtained results by the a priori boundedness principle we prove the new results on the solvability of periodic type problem for the second order nonlinear functional differential equations, which are close to the linear integro-differential equations. The proved results are optimal in some sense.
Let the people decide? Support for referenda since the New Zealand flag change referendums

ABSTRACT The number of referenda taking place in established democracies has been increasing, but oftentimes the use of referenda is controversial. This paper utilises two New Zealand national probability mail surveys collected before (2015; n = 901) and after (2016; n = 1350) the controversial flag change referendums initiated by Prime Minister John Key. We found that support for referenda increased from 54.5% in 2015 to 70.7% in 2016. We examined how demographics, party vote, political attitudes, and support for changing the flag related to change in support for referenda Younger age groups and those with moderate levels of education had larger increases in support for referenda. We did not find any evidence of ‘loser effects’ as National voters and flag change supporters were just as likely to increase in support for referenda as other voters and those opposing change, respectively. In summary, the results of this paper show that despite controversy, referenda have become more popular, especially among certain groups.
Motivational differences between 5K, half marathon and full marathon participants in the UK and India

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study compares participant motives of 5K, half marathon and full marathon runners registered in a UK and an Indian event. Method: 1022 participants completed an adapted version of the Motivation of Marathons Scales [Masters et al., 1993. The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: The motivations of marathoners scales (MOMS). Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 64(2), 134–143], (431 UK participant’s and 591 India participants). CFA and EFA were used to identify an improved factorial solution for the data. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess differences in event type (5K, Half, Full) across five latent motivational constructs: social, physical fitness, self-esteem, achievement in competition, and physical health. Nationality, gender, age, employment status, and educational level were treated as moderating factors, or covariates. Results: 5K runners scored higher in the self-esteem, physical fitness, and achievement motives. Males scored higher on the achievement motive. The Indian sample scored higher than the UK sample in social motives. Practical implications: considerations for event organisers are discussed.
The heritability and genetic risk factors of Modic changes

Low back pain (LBP) is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal condition and the leading cause for workplace absenteeism. Lumbar disc degeneration (DD) is considered as a contributing factor to LBP. The role of genetic factors in the development of lumbar DD has been demonstrated to be significant, with heritability estimates ranging from 64% to 81%. Modic change (MC), a distinct phenotype of lumbar DD, is a subchondral and vertebral bone marrow change revealed only by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MC has been associated with LBP in both clinical samples and the general population. The genetic background of MC is largely unknown, and the heritability of MC has not previously been assessed. The aim of this study was to assess the heritability of MC using a twin study, identify predisposing genetic factors for MC in a family-based design using whole-exome sequencing and to identify genetic loci associated with MC using genome-wide association study (GWAS) metaanalysis. An additional aim was to study the prevalence, incidence and morphology of MC. The data consisted of two general population samples, the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) and TwinsUK from the United Kingdom, as well as two Finnish families from the Oulu region. MC was found to be partly heritable with a heritability estimate of 30%. Two novel candidate genes, HSPG2 and MAML1, were found co-segregating with MC in two Finnish families. Both genes are important in the growth and differentiation of chondrocytes. Finally, a genetic locus on chromosome 9 was found to be significantly associated with MC using genome-wide metaanalysis of NFBC1966 and TwinsUK. These results showed that genetic factors play a role in the development of MC. In conclusion, this thesis increased the knowledge on the genetics of MC. However, the specific roles of these genes need to be studied further.
How Rewarding Are Your Rewards? A Value-Based View of Crowdfunding Rewards and Crowdfunding Performance

In this study, we integrate the insights of consumption value theory and the crowdfunding literature to develop a value-based view of crowdfunding rewards to systematically theorize and synthesize the underlying mechanisms through which the various rewards offered by crowdfunding projects can incentivize crowdfunders’ backing decisions. Identifying three basic value dimensions carried by different crowdfunding rewards, utilitarian value, socioemotional value, and participatory value, our value-based view posits that these three values satisfy crowdfunders’ different needs and thus motivate them to back a project on distinct grounds and considerations. Through this view, the performance of a crowdfunding project can thus be shaped by the joint effects of the three values delivered by all of its offered rewards. Given their distinct incentivizing mechanisms, we further posit that socioemotional value and participatory value will potentially substitute the effects of utilitarian value, thus leading to an inverted U-shaped effect of the combination of the three values on crowdfunding performance. Evidence from a novel multimethod design that integrates field data, topic modeling, and a survey with crowdfunding professionals largely supports our theoretical predictions. Our theoretical framework and empirical findings have important implications for both theory and practice.
Exploring legal and political-institutional determinants of the informal economy of Pakistan

Abstract In this paper, the size of the informal economy of Pakistan is determined by including the legal and political-institutional variables as determinants. By using the MIMIC model average estimate for the informal economy of Pakistan is 37.75 percent from 1995 to 2017. The study tries to explore the institutional implications of the informal economy for policymakers to reduce and control the informal economy in the developing country. Empirical results show that the most significant legal variable is Law and Order and the most important political variable is Religion in Politics for measuring the informal economy. Departing from existing studies, institutional determinants are explored in detail because these different institutional determinants may affect the informal economy differently in developed, developing, and underdeveloped countries. The policy formation process can be more effective in developing countries like Pakistan with consideration of the most relevant institutional factors in estimation.
Active Faulting, Submarine Surface Rupture, and Seismic Migration Along the Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault System, Patagonian Andes

The intra‐arc Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault System (LOFS) is an active transpressive fault zone located in the Patagonian Andes of Chile. In 2007, a seismic sequence occurred in the Aysén Fjord region of Chilean Patagonia along the LOFS, with a Mw 6.2 main earthquake that triggered dozens of landslides, some of which induced tsunami waves that caused severe damage and casualties. Through the analysis of high‐resolution seismic reflection and bathymetric data, we identify six submarine faults cutting the Late Quaternary postglacial sedimentary infill of the fjord. The most conspicuous are the dextral‐normal NE‐SW striking Quitralco fault (QF) and the N‐S striking strike‐slip Río Cuervo (RCF) and Punta Cola faults (PCF). Our paleoseismological analysis reveals at least seven paleolandslide events buried in the fjord sediments that were triggered by local paleoearthquakes, which occurred since local ice sheet retreat, that is, circa 12 kyr. By combining tectonic observations with local seismicity data, we propose a seismotectonic model for the evolution of the 2007 seismic sequence where three structures were progressively activated from the depth toward the upper continental crust, causing surface rupture along the PCF and with earthquakes, suggesting only partial ruptures along other faults. Because the other faults did not rupture to the seafloor they remain important sources of seismic hazard. Thus, the last seismic sequence was a consequence of a stress transfer from the lower‐ductile toward the upper‐brittle continental crust, close to the triple junction of the Nazca, South American, and Antarctica Plates. Our results emphasize on the potential synergies between multiple geological and geophysical methods to assess complex events.
Consumer attitude and intention toward ridesharing

ABSTRACT This paper aims to examine the factors affecting consumer’s intention to participate in the sharing economy in particular toward ridesharing services. Data were collected from UberX users in Australia (n = 278) and New Zealand (n = 295) using online survey and analysed through Structural Equation Modelling in AMOS 25. The research model is tested and compared across three studies. The results show that perceived usefulness and word-of-mouth significantly influence the consumers’ attitude toward ridesharing. The results across two samples show that the positive relationship between perceived usefulness as well as word of mouth and attitude toward service innovation is moderated by the consumers’ attitude toward the advertising. In addition, currently the ridesharing application ridesharing requires more effort from the users, especially those who have a lower self-efficacy or are risk adverse towards using this type of service innovation. This paper suggests ridesharing services utilise the power of the word of mouth and peer recommendations in the brand’s promotional strategies. Furthermore, personalised e-guides and instructions can form part of the service user interface which would help curb the negative perception around app usage and complexity, and thus increase consumer confidence.
Estimation of growth parameters and mortality rate of Upeneus sulphureus (Cuvier, 1829) in the Persian Gulf ecosystem

Population parameters were estimated for goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus, Cuvier, 1829) as a small size and abundant species in the Persian Gulf ecosystem. A method of Tropfish R package based on length frequencies analysis was used. A total of 520 fish samples were taken monthly from landing stations in the coastal area of Iranian Waters in the Persian Gulf (Bushehr coasts) from January 2017 to December 2018. The length (FL) of the captured fishes varied from 8.5 to 17 cm with an average (±SD) of 11.20 (±2.24) cm. The values of the von Bertalanffy growth function fit length frequency data for U. sulphureus (combined sex) were estimated, as k = 1.2 per year, L∞ =19.43 cm (LF). Total, natural and fishing mortality calculated, as Z=3.74 per year, M=2.21 per year and F=1.53 per year, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E) was estimated at 0.4. The length-weight relationships of both sexes was estimated as, Log = -1.707+3.00 log (r = 0.92) which exhibited positive isometric growth. According to results, it could be concluded that goatfish (Upeneus sulphreus) is a relatively fast-growing and short-lived species. Although this species is not a direct target of fishermen, its ecological role in the Persian Gulf's food web due to their high abundance and high growth rate is undeniable.
Executive functions of preschoolers with different levels of cultural congruence

ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationships between executive functions of children aged 5–6 and the level of their cultural congruence, that reflects the extent to which behaviour of a child corresponds to a set of cultural rules, typical for this age in this culture. The main components of executive functions (working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control) were measured by the Russian versions of the NEPSY-II subtests and the DCCS test. For the cultural congruence assessment, the parent ‘Questionnaire for Studying Children’s Compliance with Rules in a Normative Situation’ was applied. There were 113 preschoolers from Kazan, Tatarstan Republic, Russia (57 boys and 56 girls, 66 months on the average) and 113 mothers (from 24 to 44-years-old, 36 years on the average) in the study. Three levels of cultural congruence were singled out – ‘high’, ‘medium’ and ‘low’. The results showed that children with a ‘high’ level of cultural congruence develop inhibitory control to a greater extent, while children with a ‘low’ level of compliance develop cognitive flexibility. A lowest level of executive functions was found in the group with the ‘medium’ level of cultural congruence.
New Developments in Inner Solar Nebula Chemistry

The molecular cloud material which became the asteroids, meteorites and inner planets was extensively processed in the inner solar nebula. The chemical complexity of the most ancient meteorites attests to the highly nonequilibrium nature of the chemistry in this region, particularly regarding the volatile elements. Theoretical models describing the time evolution of the temperature and density profiles of protoplanetary accretion disks have recently become available. Such models provide a realistic framework within which to study, for instance, the effects of lightning and surface-catalyzed (gas-grain) reactions in the inner nebula. Here, we show that the latter would have been most efficient during the meteorite-forming epoch of the nebula, at the present position of the asteroid belt.
Benefits and barriers to cooperation in the process of building a place’s brand: perspective of tourist region stakeholders in Poland

Research background: Cooperation within the public and the private sectors is one of the conditions for a tourist region to achieve a competitive advantage, and it is one of the most important aspect for building a regional tourist brand. Research studies often raise the issue of tourism cooperation; however, there are few papers undertaking this topic in the context of place branding. The issue of benefits and barriers of this type of cooperation seen from the perspective of the involved stakeholders is rarely the sole object of research and is often presented indirectly or implicitly. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to identify the benefits and barriers of cooperation seen by the local government and other representatives of regional tourism organization in the process of developing a regional brand. Methods: To achieve the aim of the paper, the authors conducted a case study of a region, specifically Podlaskie Voivodship in Poland. This case study involved individual in-depth interviews conducted among representatives of organizations — members of the Regional Tourism Organization. Findings & Value added: The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of cooperation between tourism entities in the process of regional place branding. The authors established a conceptual framework for systematization of benefits and barriers of cooperation as seen by regional stakeholders. The benefits were grouped into the following categories: economic, organizational, marketing and social; and the barriers included economic, organizational, socio-cultural and political determinants.