Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Implementation of 7T MRI for the Identification of Incidental Intracranial Aneurysms versus Anatomic Variants

In 30 cases, the differentiation of an aneurysm versus a vascular variant could be achieved. In 20 cases (66%), the initial suspected diagnosis was revised. The findings suggest that 7T MR imaging provides a clarification tool for the group of patients with suspected unruptured intracranial aneurysms and diagnostic ambiguity after standard 3T MR imaging. SUMMARY: Most unruptured intracranial aneurysms can be adequately characterized using 1.5T and 3T MR imaging. Findings in a subgroup of patients can remain unclear due to difficulties in distinguishing aneurysms from vascular anatomic variants. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 30 patients with suspected incidental aneurysms on 3T MR imaging who underwent 7T MR imaging. In all 30 cases, the differentiation of an aneurysm versus a vascular variant could be achieved. In 20 cases (66%), the initial suspected diagnosis was revised. Our findings suggest that 7T MR imaging provides a clarification tool for the group of patients with suspected unruptured intracranial aneurysms and diagnostic ambiguity after standard 3T MR imaging.
Surgical aortic valve replacement in the era of transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a review of the UK national database

Objectives To date the reported outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are mainly in the settings of trials comparing it with evolving transcatheter aortic valve implantation. We set out to examine characteristics and outcomes in people who underwent SAVR reflecting a national cohort and therefore ‘real-world’ practice. Design Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of consecutive people who underwent SAVR with or without coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery between April 2013 and March 2018 in the UK. This included elective, urgent and emergency operations. Participants’ demographics, preoperative risk factors, operative data, in-hospital mortality, postoperative complications and effect of the addition of CABG to SAVR were analysed. Setting 27 (90%) tertiary cardiac surgical centres in the UK submitted their data for analysis. Participants 31 277 people with AVR were identified. 19 670 (62.9%) had only SAVR and 11 607 (37.1%) had AVR+CABG. Results In-hospital mortality for isolated SAVR was 1.9% (95% CI 1.6% to 2.1%) and was 2.4% for AVR+CABG. Mortality by age category for SAVR only were: <60 years=2.0%, 60–75 years=1.5%, >75 years=2.2%. For SAVR+CABG these were; 2.2%, 1.8% and 3.1%. For different categories of EuroSCORE, mortality for SAVR in low risk people was 1.3%, in intermediate risk 1% and for high risk 3.9%. 74.3% of the operations were elective, 24% urgent and 1.7% emergency/salvage. The incidences of resternotomy for bleeding and stroke were 3.9% and 1.1%, respectively. Multivariable analyses provided no evidence that concomitant CABG influenced outcome. However, urgency of the operation, poor ventricular function, higher EuroSCORE and longer cross clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times adversely affected outcomes. Conclusions Surgical SAVR±CABG has low mortality risk and a low level of complications in the UK in people of all ages and risk factors. These results should inform consideration of treatment options in people with aortic valve disease.
Quality of Dietary Intake in Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND Children with developmental disabilities have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. The role and contribution of their diet to weight status is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES This pilot study describes the dietary quality of children with spina bifida and Down syndrome compared with typically developing peers. METHODS Dietary intakes of 8 children with spina bifida or Down syndrome and 4 children without developmental disabilities, aged 8 to 18 years, were collected using six 24-hour dietary recalls through Facetime. Dietary quality was assessed by application of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). RESULTS Children with spina bifida and Down syndrome had higher HEI scores when compared to typically developing peers (48.3, 52.9, and 46.2, respectively) and vegetable consumption (1.9, 2.6, and 1.4, respectively). All groups had undesirable intakes of saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium. Within this small sample, children with spina bifida and Down Syndrome had similar diet quality to their typically developing peers. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation in a larger sample is recommended to support the development of methods to optimize weight management in children with developmental disabilities.
Effects of plyometric training on muscle–tendon mechanical properties and behavior of fascicles during jumping

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of plyometric training on the muscle–tendon mechanical properties and behavior of fascicles during jumping in order to elucidate the mechanisms of improved jump performance due to plyometric training. Eleven subjects completed a 12‐week unilateral training program for plantar flexors. Active muscle stiffness with (100°·s−1) and without (250°·s−1) stretch reflex were calculated according to changes in muscle force and fascicle length during fast stretching after submaximal isometric contractions. Stiffness and hysteresis of tendon were measured using ultrasonography during ramp and ballistic contractions. Three kinds of unilateral jump heights using only ankle joint (no counter‐movement jump: no‐CMJ; counter‐movement jump: CMJ; drop jump: DJ) on sledge apparatus were measured. During jumping, electromyographic activities (mEMG) of plantar flexors and fascicle length of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were measured. Active muscle stiffness at 250 and 100°·s−1 and maximal tendon elongation during ballistic contraction significantly increased after training. Tendon hysteresis during ballistic contraction significantly decreased after training, whereas that during ramp contraction did not. The heights of three jump tests, the ratio of mEMG during eccentric to that during concentric phases for CMJ, and the amount of fascicle shortening and shortening velocity during eccentric phase of DJ significantly increased after training. These results suggest that an increase in CMJ height was associated with changes in the muscle–tendon mechanical properties and muscle activation strategy, whereas an increase in DJ height could be explained by changes in the muscle–tendon mechanical properties, but not muscle activation strategy.
Slower visuomotor reaction time in division-I collegiate athletes with a history of ankle sprain

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to compare visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) in collegiate athletes based on ankle sprain history. Participants included athletes with ankle sprain history (n = 18) and athletes with no ankle sprain history (n = 33). Participants completed an upper-extremity VMRT task which was comprised of eight wireless light-emitting diode sensors. The difference between reaction time (sec) and the number of “Hits” and “Misses” were compared between groups. The ankle sprain history group had significantly slower VMRT compared to the no ankle sprain history group with moderate effect sizes. However, there was no difference in the number of “Hits” or “Misses” between groups, despite observing moderate effect sizes. This result suggests that VMRT may be a potential target for prevention and rehabilitation strategies in individuals with ankle sprains. However, further research is needed to better understand the role of VMRT on the risk of ankle sprains.
Host–guest complexation of ionic liquid with α- and β-cyclodextrins: a comparative study by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and COSY

The formation of host–guest inclusion complexes (ICs) by an ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulphate [Bmim][OS] within α- and β-cyclodextrins (CDs) has been explored by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D 1H–1H COSY methods. The mechanism of the CD–[Bmim][OS] host:guest complex formation is systematically presented. The structural effect and various types of interactions, such as, H-bonding, electrostatic force and hydrophobic interactions that are responsible for the inclusion of the IL [Bmim][OS] into the cavity of CDs have been critically discussed with the help of NMR methods. It is observed that the hydrophobic effect plays a crucial role in supporting the formation of CD–[Bmim][OS] ICs. Furthermore, the spectral results obtained from 2D 1H–1H COSY NMR suggest that both H-bonding and electrostatic interactions also make a significant contribution to the stability of the IL–CD ICs.
Challenge in the Pathological Diagnosis of the Follicular-Patterned Thyroid Lesions

Background: The follicular-patterned thyroid lesions (FPTLs) include hyperplastic nodules (HN), follicular adenoma (FA), non-invasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), follicular carcinoma (FC), and the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPTC). Sometimes the pathologists cannot accurately separate these lesions from each others on a histological basis. Aims: To evaluate the utility of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of FPTLs. Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical analysis, incorporating 83 cases of histologically confirmed FPTLs out of which 20 carcinomas, 51 benign FPTLs (38 HN and 13 FA), and 12NIFTP were separated from each others using four immunostains (HBME-1, CK19, Galectin-3, and CD56). Results: We found statistically significantly more frequent expression of HBME-1, CK19, Galectin-3 proteins in carcinomas as compared to benign FPTLs (p = <0.01). HBME-1 and Galectin-3 were the most sensitive markers for the diagnosis of malignant FPTLs (75%). Galectin-3 was the most specific marker for the diagnosis of carcinoma (90.3%). Conclusions: The histomorphological features remain the cornerstone of the diagnosis of FPTN. Although HBME-1, Galectin-3, and CK19 immunostains have some diagnostic value in the separation of malignant from benign FPTLs, they are variably expressed in the benign and malignant FPTLs. No single immunostain has sufficient sensitivity and specificity and therefore their diagnostic use is controversial. Future studies are mandated to find more reliable markers that can separate between benign and malignant FPTLs.
The influence of child-based factors and parental inputs on expressive language abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder

Studies of language development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been primarily focused on the influence of child-based factors such as autism traits, IQ, and initial language skills. Yet the findings of these studies are inconclusive. There has, moreover, been little research compared the relative influences of child-based factors with environmental factors, (e.g. parental inputs). The current study attempts to fill this research gap by examining a range of both child-based factors and parental inputs. We measured the structural language abilities manifested in parent-child interactions over four time points across nine months in 42 Chinese-speaking autistic children (M = 57.42 months, SD = 11.39). Our results showed that children’s mean length of utterance (MLU), word types, and word tokens grew rapidly, but their development trajectories varied. Initial expressive language ability was a significant predictor of children’s language outcomes, while nonverbal IQ and autism traits did not relate to children’s language abilities when controlling for initial expressive language ability. Parents’ MLU, word tokens, and word types did not associate with children’s structural language abilities. The findings shed lights on the importance of one of the child-based factors in particular, that is, initial expressive language skills, in the language development of autistic children. Lay abstract Language impairment is one of the early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that alerts parents to take their children for early diagnosis and intervention. Little is known about how children’s autism traits, IQ, initial language abilities and parental inputs influence their language abilities. In addition, only a few studies have compared the relative influence of these factors. The present study addressed these issues by examining the structural language in parent-child spontaneous interactions. Forty-two Cantonese (Chinese)-speaking autistic children aged four to eight were recruited. Their expressive language skills grew rapidly more than 9 months, but their development trajectories varied. Initial expressive language ability is the only significant predictor of child language outcomes and language growth trajectories. In contrast, nonverbal cognition, autism traits, and parents’ input do not affect language outcomes in children with ASD. Therefore, early language intervention is crucial for autistic children at all severity and IQ levels.
Regulation of GSTu1-mediated insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella by miRNA and lncRNA

The evolution of resistance to insecticides is well known to be closely associated with the overexpression of detoxifying enzymes. Although the role of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes in insecticide resistance has been widely reported, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, one GST gene (GSTu1) and its antisense transcript (lnc-GSTu1-AS) were identified and cloned, and both of them were upregulated in several chlorantraniliprole-resistant Plutella xylostella populations. GSTu1 was confirmed to be involved in chlorantraniliprole resistance by direct degradation of this insecticide. Furthermore, we demonstrated that lnc-GSTu1-AS interacted with GSTu1 by forming an RNA duplex, which masked the binding site of miR-8525-5p at the GSTu1-3′UTR. In summary, we revealed that lnc-GSTu1-AS maintained the mRNA stability of GSTu1 by preventing its degradation that could have been induced by miR-8525-5p and thus increased the resistance of P. xylostella to chlorantraniliprole. Our findings reveal a new noncoding RNA-mediated pathway that regulates the expression of detoxifying enzymes in insecticide-resistant insects and offer opportunities for the further understanding of the mechanisms of insecticide and drug resistance.
Donor-specific antibodies, glomerulitis, and human leukocyte antigen B eplet mismatch are risk factors for peritubular capillary C4d deposition in renal allografts

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Background: The complement system plays an important role in the immune response to transplantation, and the diagnostic significance of peritubular capillary (PTC) C4d deposition (C4d+) in grafts is controversial. The study aimed to fully investigate the risk factors for PTC C4d+ and analyze its significance in biopsy pathology of kidney transplantation. Methods: This retrospective study included 124 cases of kidney transplant with graft biopsy and donor-specific antibody (DSA) testing from January 2017 to December 2019 in a single center. The effects of recipient pathological indicators, eplet mismatch (MM), and DSAs on PTC C4d+ were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: In total, 35/124 (28%) were PTC C4d+, including 21 with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), eight with renal tubular injury, three with T cell-mediated rejection, one with glomerular disease, and two others. Univariate analysis revealed that DSAs (P < 0.001), glomerulitis (P < 0.001), peritubular capillaritis (P < 0.001), and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B eplet MM (P = 0.010) were the influencing factors of PTC C4d+. According to multivariate analysis, DSAs (odds ratio [OR]: 9.608, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.742–33.668, P < 0.001), glomerulitis (OR: 3.581, 95%CI: 1.246–10.289, P = 0.018), and HLA B eplet MM (OR: 1.166, 95%CI: 1.005–1.353, P = 0.042) were the independent risk factors for PTC C4d+. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve was increased to 0.831 for predicting PTC C4d+ when considering glomerulitis, DSAs, and HLA B eplet MM. The proportions of HLA I DSAs and PTC C4d+ in active antibody-mediated rejection were 12/17 and 15/17, respectively; the proportions of HLA class II DSAs and PTC C4d+ in chronic AMR were 8/12 and 7/12, respectively. Furthermore, the higher the PTC C4d+ score was, the more serious the urinary occult blood and proteinuria of recipients at the time of biopsy. Conclusions: PTC C4d+ was mainly observed in AMR cases. DSAs, glomerulitis, and HLA B eplet MM are the independent risk factors for PTC C4d+.
The relationship between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and collateral index in patients with chronic total occlusion.

Background High serum uric acid (UA) levels and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are accepted as risk factors for cardiovascular mortality. Hyperuricemia and low HDL-C levels were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and the development of diabetes and hypertension. However, the association of UA with cardiovascular (CV) mortality,collateral index are undetermined in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). Material and methods 124 patients who underwent coronary angiography with the diagnosis of stable or unstable angina pectoris and had chronic total occlusion were included in our study. Blood samples were collected from all patients before the angiography procedure. Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) was graded according to the Rentrop grading system of 0-3. Rentrop grades of 0 and 1 indicated low-grade CCC group, whereas grades 2 and 3 indicated high-grade CCC group. We divided our patients into two groups as low-grade CCC and high-grade CCC and examined these two groups in terms of uric acid / HDL ratios. Group 1: Rentrop classification grade 0-1 (mean age, 63,9±9,9), Group 2: Rentrop classification grade 2-3 (mean age, 62,1±9,4). Results The baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Uric acid / High density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratios and uric acid levels were higher in group 1 with poor collateral circulation [group 1; 0,21 (0,07-0,39) vs. group 2; 0,16 (0,08-0,31), group 1; 8,2 (3,4-10,4) vs. group 2; 5,85 (3,5-7,7), p<0,001, p<0,001 respectively]. Conclusions We found that high Uric acid / High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratios and high uric acid levels are associated with poor collateral circulation.
E-learning in health professions education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

As an alternative to traditional teaching, e-learning has enabled continuity of learning for health professions students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review explored health professions students; perceptions, acceptance, motivation, and engagement with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was conducted by consulting 5 databases: PubMed, ERIC (Ebsco), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. The research protocol was previously registered in the PROSPERO registry (CRD42021237055). From 250 studies identified, 15 were selected with a total of 111,622 students. Mostly positive perceptions were reported in 7 of 12 studies, which mainly focused on technology access, possession of basic computer skills, pedagogical design of online courses, online interactions, and learning flexibility. However, predominantly negative perceptions were identified in 5 of 12 studies, which pointed out constraints related to internet connections, the use of educational platforms, and acquisition of clinical skills. Satisfactory levels of acceptance of distance learning were reported in 3 of 4 studies. For student motivation and engagement, 1 study reported similar or higher motivation than with traditional teaching, and another study indicated that student engagement significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professions students showed a positive response to e-learning regarding perceptions, acceptance, motivation, and engagement. Future research is needed to remediate the lack of studies addressing health professions students’ motivation and engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Feasibility of an asynchronous general practitioner-to-general physician eConsultant outpatient substitution program: A Queensland pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The use of an 'eConsultant' to support the family physician is an established outpatient substitution model in North America. This pilot study investigates the feasibility of the eConsultant model for complex chronic disease management within the Australian setting. METHOD This pilot study was implemented in one urban and four rural/remote general practices in one state. The general practitioner (GP) sent a request for advice (RFA), a clinical summary with a specific clinical question/s, via secure messaging to a physician working remotely. Responses were required for GP/patient follow-up within 72 hours. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation [SD]) time for general physician reply was 2.1 (1.2) days, and mean (SD) time from initial to subsequent GP/patient review was 14.8 (16.7) days. Only 13.3% of eConsultations required a subsequent face-to-face outpatient department appointment. DISCUSSION The eConsultant model is feasible in Australia, with potential for improving access and reducing time to non-GP specialist input.
Influence of social determinants of health barriers to family management of type 1 diabetes in Black single parent families: A mixed methods study

US disparities in pediatric type 1 diabetes treatment and outcomes are increasing disproportionately among Black youth and compounded for youth from single parent homes. Despite worsened outcomes, Black youth from single parent homes and their caregivers are underrepresented in pediatric type 1 diabetes research. The purpose of this study was to understand the social determinants of health (SDOH) barriers that may contribute to health disparities and family management in Black youth with type 1 diabetes from single parent homes.