Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Inquiry into Developing College Student Socially-Responsible Leadership: Ethics of Justice and Care in the Midst of Conflict and Controversy

Colleges not only educate students in academic discipline knowledge, but also help them develop skills to meaningfully lead and participate in our complex democracy as socially responsible citizens. All campuses have formal and informal opportunities to engage students in roles that challenge and develop students’ socially responsible leadership skills including commitment, common purpose, and collaboration. However, individual and organizational elements such as differences in perspectives and hostile climates can quell leadership and educational participation, inhibit critical student development skills, and result in disempowerment, especially for those students from underserved communities. Given this, a critical question is how can colleges foster conditions that promote the formation of complex and pluralistic democratic and socially responsible leadership skills within the context of contemporary societal political, ideological, and social polarization that are replicated and enacted on today’s campuses? To address this question, this qualitative inquiry examined how diverse student leaders navigated conflict and controversy and their resulting dilemmas with their peers, and how such experiences affected their democratic learning and leadership development. Study participants identified both the value of constructive conflict that leads to more advanced moral reasoning and equitable practices, and the harm of destructive controversy that further polarizes and entrenches opposition. The latter experiences resulted in deleterious effects on participants’ interpersonal and psychological wellbeing, whereas the former experiences, while challenging, served as an opportunity for student leaders to develop ii and practice resilient and interculturally insightful skills of perspective taking, emotional intelligence, and advanced conflict resolution strategies that served to empower individual and group commitment toward common purpose and shared goals. Emerging from the data is a new definitional model of socially responsible leadership (SRL) that is both a process and product of a blended ethic of care and ethic of justice approach in realizing democratic attitudes, knowledge, skills, and outcomes. Specifically, the four interconnected and dynamic dimensions of the SRL conceptual model are self-efficacy, group accountability, shared power, and empathetic conflict resolution. Implications and meaningful strategies for colleges to help facilitate growth through conflict across individual, group, and organizational domains are discussed.
Prevalência da constipação intestinal em acadêmicos de medicina de uma instituição particular do estado de Tocantins, Brasil

Objetivos: Analisar a prevalência e características da constipação intestinal (CI) em acadêmicos de medicina de uma instituição particular do Estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal e quantitativo, com aplicação de questionário a acadêmicos de medicina do 1º, 3º e 6º período. Foi realizada a coleta de dados gerais e específicos, de agosto a setembro de 2018, para a caracterização da CI, seguido de estatística descritiva. Resultados: A maioria dos 142 entrevistados era do 1º semestre do curso (n = 73; 51,4%), tinham até 28 anos (n = 133; 94%) e eram mulheres (n = 90; 63,4%). A maioria fazia suas refeições em casa (n = 106; 74,6%) e 84 (59,1%) realizavam quatro ou mais refeições ao dia. A maioria (n = 54, 38%) fazia uso de folhas verdes e frutas uma a duas vezes por dia. A presença de CI autoreferida ocorreu em 22 acadêmicos (15,5%) enquanto a CI funcional, caracterizada como esforço ao evacuar ou fezes endurecidas, ocorreu em 38 (26,7%). A minoria (n = 27; 19%) referiu frequência evacuatória até três vezes por semana. Além do esforço ao evacuar e fezes endurecidas, o sintoma mais prevalente foi a sensação de evacuação incompleta (n = 32; 22,5%). Conclusão: A constipação intestinal apresenta-se como um quadro pouco frequente entre os acadêmicos do curso de medicina estudado. O esforço evacuatório e fezes endurecidas foram os achados mais prevalentes.
The Growing Up in Ireland Child Cohort Come of Age: Review of the Literature Pertaining to the 17/18 Year Wave

Data from the third wave of interviews with the Child Cohort (recently renamed Cohort ’98) at 17/18 years collected in 2015 provides scope for addressing a wide range of research questions. Some of these data will represent the latest outcomes for issues investigated at previous waves of the study, such as obesity and academic achievement, while others, such as employment, will be completely new avenues of investigation. In this report we review the literature in 12 research areas for the 17/18-year phase; three each in four domains of economic and civic participation, socio-emotional well-being, education and health. Each review section is followed by suggestions for some specific questions that could be explored under this topic using the data collected in Growing Up in Ireland at this wave. Given the breadth of information collected in the study, the authors have decided to explore a selection of topics that relate to topics where data are available for the first time at this wave (e.g. sexual relationships) and/or that are particularly relevant to this stage of the life-course, such as the Leaving Certificate. It is not intended to be either exhaustive or prescriptive in terms of coverage but reflects literature that informed the survey development and should provide a useful background to further research in a number of key areas. This document is part of a series of reviews reflecting earlier data collection waves for this cohort (i.e. at age 9 and 13 years) and the reader may wish to consult these earlier publications for additional reading on other topics relating to the Growing Up in Ireland Child Cohort.
The Influence of Tax Complexity on Sales Tax Compliance among Jordanian SMEs

Tax compliance has been evidenced to mitigate fiscal deficit and public debt, which in turn, provides funding for the purpose of economic and social development. However, regardless of the efforts exerted by the government towards tax compliance, specifically sales tax among SMEs in Jordan, compliance remains low, which adversely impacts the revenues of the Jordanian government. Prior studies dedicated to the effect of tax complexity on sales tax compliance among SMEs have been limited and thus, this study’s main objective is to examine the influence of tax complexity on sales tax compliance among manufacturing SMEs in Jordan. The study adopted a survey method, using questionnaire survey copies administered on 660 owner/managers of manufacturing SMEs. From the disseminated questionnaire copies, 215 were retrieved and deemed suitable for analysis. Based on the obtained results, tax complexity significantly influenced sales tax compliance. This study recommends that future studies be conducted in sales tax compliance, in the context of SMEs for deeper insight into its drivers. The study contributes by furnishing significant information that policymakers and SMEs owners/managers can leverage to enhance the level of sales tax compliance.
Monitoring Hydration Status of Elite Judo Athletes During a Competition Day

Dehydration is defined as deficit in total body water and has been suggested to have adverse effects on athletic performance. Despite ongoing efforts to inform the athletes, especially weight-classified athletes present higher level of dehydration. As judo is a weight-classified sport and athletes are exposed to rapid weight loss methods, hydration status of judo athletes should be monitored for athletes’ health and implications for future precautions. Thus, the aim of this study was to monitor hydration status of elite judo athletes during a competition day. Eighteen (13 males, 5 females) elite judo athletes voluntarily participated in this study. Following body composition measurements, USG and urine color measurements were carried out before and after the competition in order to determine their hydration status. Athletes’ pre-match USG value was 1,021 while it was found 1,019 after competitions. As for urine color, it was 5,17 before competitions and 4,87 after competition. According to these results elite judo athletes presented higher level of dehydration during a competition day despite ad libitum fluid intake. Judo athletes and coaches should be informed about adverse effects of dehydration and individual water intake prescriptions for these athletes can be advised. Further research is also advised to confirm that dehydration negatively affects judo specific performance.
Haemato-biochemical variations in estuarine crabs from a lagoon ecosystem

Haematological profiles are often applied as an index of physiological condition of various organisms and thus provide information about the health status of local populations. The haematological and biochemical parameters of the estuarine crabs, Callinectes amnicola , Goniopsis pelii , Sersama huzardii and Uca tangerii from the polluted creek of Lagos Lagoon were examined using standard methods. C. amnicola (121.7±0.21) were significantly heavier than G. pelli (24±2.11 g), S. huzardii (16.15±15.19 g) and U. tangeri (8.8±0.5 g). Mean haematological values of the crabs revealed significant variations in total haemocyte count (THC), haemocyte sedimentation rate (HSR) and haemocyte subpopulation. THC in the circulating haemocytes of the crabs was similar for both G. pelli (2150±56.69 mL) and S. huzardii (1975.00±74.46 mL). HSR was lowest in G. pelli (1.50±0.71 mm/hr) and highest in U. tangeri (5.70±0.82 mm/hr). Haemocyte sub-population variables showed that eosinophil and basophil did not differ considerably among the crabs. Significant differences were however recorded for granulocyte, agranulocyte and monocyte with G. pelli having the highest sub-population of granulocyte (33.00±1.41 %) but lowest agranulocyte (67.00±1.41 %). Non-significantly higher sub-population of monocytes was recorded for C. amnicola (3.3±0.03). In the mean values of the serum biochemicals, U. tangeri showed lowest values for all except aspartate aminotransferase (22.8 U/L) and Urea (32.48 mg/dl). G. pelli showed highest values for serum protein (14.36mg/dl), Globulin (67.49 mg/dl) and phosphatase alkaline phosphatase (34.50 U/L). The study gave an indication of stress on the health status of the estuarine crabs, hence the need for periodic monitoring of the ecosystem. Keywords: Haematology, serum biochemistry, crab, Lagos Lagoon
Guidance of zoospores by potassium gradient sensing mediates aggregation

Biflagellate zoospores of some phytopathogenic Phytophthora species spontaneously aggregate within few minutes in suspension. Depending on species auto-aggregate formation results from bioconvection or from a sequence bioconvection-positive chemotaxis. In this study, we show that P. parasitica zoospores may form aggregates upon application of a K+ gradient in particular geometric arrangements. Based on the use of macro- and microfluidic devices, in addition to time-lapse live imaging both in the vertical and horizontal planes, we defined (i) the spatiotemporal and concentration scale evolution within the gradient in correlation with (ii) cell distribution and (iii) metrics of zoospore motion (velocity, trajectory). The results indicated that K+-induced aggregates result from a single bi-phasic temporal sequence involving negative chemotaxis and then bioconvection in a K+ gradient concentration scale [0-17 mM]. Each K+-sensing cell undergoes a forward-to-backward movement within a threshold range of 1-4mM, thereby forming progressively a swarm. Once a critical population density is achieved zoospores form a plume which undergoes a downward migration leading to aggregate formation on the support surface. We discuss putative sources for K+ gradient generation in natural environment (zoospore population, microbiota, plant roots, soil particles), and implication for events preceding inoculum formation on host plant.
Developing the Language Ability of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Using Assistive Technology and a Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) through Adapting elements of the Australian Educational Environment on Inclusive Public Schools in Saudi Arabia

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has a significant impact on the social development and educational achievement of affected students. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), students with ASD still face a number of challenges, including stigmatization and poor academic achievement. The current study thus seeks to develop the language ability of children with ASD using assistive technology (AT) and a Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) through adapting elements of the Australian educational environment on inclusive public schools in KSA. Five studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and 2015 were identified and reviewed through a systematic review approach. The study established that the uses of PECS and AT in most Australian inclusive public schools do not produce the desired outcomes because of a lack of a conducive policy environment, insufficient trained and experienced teachers and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in PECS and AT, poorly designed and implemented PECS and AT, negative perceptions of most teachers towards the inclusion of children with ASD in mainstream classrooms, and barriers to service access. However, the study findings indicate that the use of PECS and AT in the Australian educational environment had been successful because most of the inherent gaps attributed to the planning and implementation of PECS and AT had been addressed. Therefore, borrowing from the Australian lessons, the study recommends the need to enhance the effective and successful design and implementation of PECS and AT in inclusive public schools in KSA by improving service access, developing service inclusion policies, training staff and improving SLPs’ expertise in PECS and AT, improving access of children with ASD to AT, adopting a user-centered design of PECS and AT, adopting a collaborative approach to implementing PECS and AT, as well as understanding ASD-related challenges.
Efficacy and Safety of Esolgafate, A Pre-Polymerized Cross-Linked Sucralfate Medical Device for NERD. A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: Unlike those with erosive reflux disease, patients with non-erosive reflux disease fail to adequately respond to proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s). Pre-polymerized sucralfate barrier therapy (PPSBT) recognized by US FDA as a medical device has significantly enhanced mucosal bioadherence compared to standard sucralfate drug. Aim: To evaluate whether enhanced mucosal protection by PPSBT can provide relevant symptom relief for NERD compared to placebo, even in undifferentiated population of NERD patients. Methods: In a multi-center randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial 42 patient with NERD were randomized to receive Esolgafate, a pre-polymerized cross-linked sucralfate barrier therapy or placebo. No pH monitoring was conducted to determine representative proportion of the 3 sub-types of NERD. Antacids were available to each group as rescue medication. Symptoms of heartburn, reflux sensation, retrosternal discomfort were evaluated before and after treatment. Adverse events were assessed. Results: At the end of the trial, for patients taking PPSBT primary endpoints were met in 90% for heartburn, 83.3% for reflux sensation and 88.2 % for retrosternal discomfort compared to 11.1%, 25% and 20% for those using placebo (p <0.01). Conclusion: The barrier effect of Esolgafate suggests that enhanced mucosal protection by PPSBT alone could improve symptom control in NERD patients undifferentiated by sub-type of non-erosive heartburn.
Genetic parameters for reproductive traits of VCN03 breed

This study was conducted in Thuy Phuong Pig Research Center (TPPRC), Vietnam to determine the genetic parameters of four reproductive traits including numbers born alive (NBA), litter birth weight (LBW), number of weaned pigs (NW) and litter weaning weight (LWW). The reproductive performance of 254 sows of VCN03 breed from four generations between 2010 and 2017 was collected and used in this study. Data from NBA, LBW, NW and LWW were subjected to repeated-measures of ANOVA in PROC MIXED in SAS with four reproductive traits and generations as fixed factors. Data from heritabilities and genetics and phenotypic correlations were plotted using the ASReml. It was concluded that the heritabilities of the four traits ranged from low to moderate, resulting from 0.134 to 0.267. The heritabilities of NBA, LWW, LBW and NW were 0.264, 0.267, 0.137 and 0.134, respectively. The genetic and phenotypic correlations among the four traits were moderate to high positive. The genetic correlations ranged from 0.467 to 0.991, with the highest estimate for the genetic correlation being between LBW and NW and the lowest estimate for the genetic correlation being between NBA and LWW. The genetic correlation between NBA and NW was 0.67, between NBA and LBW was 0.774, between LBW and LWW was 0.69 and between LWW and NW 0.51.
Élaboration des revêtements de phosphates de zinc sur armature à béton

Dans le genie civil, la durabilite des infrastructures en beton arme est principalement liee a la corrosion des armatures avant ou apres leur enrobage de beton. La protection de ces armatures constitue donc un enjeu economique, environnementale et securitaire. Dans ce but, cette etude a porte d’une part, sur l’elaboration et la caracterisation de revetements protecteurs de phosphates de zinc par deux methodes : conversion chimique (CC) et traitement electrochimique cathodique (TEC) et d’autre part, sur l’etude de leurs comportements a la corrosion dans divers milieux : neutre, alcalin et cimentaire chlorure ou carbonate. Nos investigations ont permis de : - mettre au point la formulation d’un bain de phosphatation et de realiser des revetements ni toxique ni onereux constitues d’hopeite, de phosphophylite et de zinc. - preciser, en faisant appel aux techniques electrochimiques stationnaires et transitoires, le comportement a la corrosion de l’acier revetu et l’effet protecteur du revetement en milieu neutre chlorure ou carbonate, alcalin (pH =12,6) et tres alcalin (pH=13,2) contamine ou non par des chlorures. - caracteriser la reactivite de ces revetements ainsi que leurs interactions avec le milieu cimentaire vis-a-vis des especes actives (Cl-) presentes en solution, responsables de l’amorcage et de la propagation de la corrosion des armatures. - montrer que l’application des revetements de phosphate de zinc est l’un des moyens de protection contre la corrosion du beton arme
Determinants of Employee Whistleblowing Intentions in Indonesia: Applying Theory of Planned Behavior

This study examines the effect of factors in the theory of planned behavior on whistleblowing intentions which are moderated by perceived organizational support. This study uses an online survei method with 155 samples of company employees. The research data are analyzed using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach, which used a measurement model and a structural model. The result shows that attitude and perceived subjective norms significantly and positively affect whistleblowing intentions. However, perceived behavioral control does not significantly affect whistleblowing intention due to fear of retaliation for the act of fraudulent financial reporting. Furthermore, the result indicates that perceived organizational support strengthens the positive relationship between attitude and perceived subjective norms with whistleblowing intentions, but does not have a moderating effect on the relationship of perceived behavioral control with whistleblowing intentions. This result implies that organizational support can encourage employees to enforce organizational rules and ethics. Besides, it shows employee’s feel valued and cared for in the organization so that it has positive implications, namely high commitment to the organization.
Mycorrhizal inoculation and application of cattle manure in field-grown maize in semiarid conditions

Abstract We evaluated the effects of cattle manure and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in maize plants growing in a semiarid area of Brazilian north-east in 2012 and 2013. Three isolates of AMF (Acaulospora longula URM-FMA 07 and URM-FMA 03, Claroideoglomus etunicatum UNIVASF 06A) were used, with or without the application of cattle manure, during two growing cycles. In the first year, significant effects of inoculation were detected for straw yield only when the manure was applied. In the second year, there was an interaction between fertilisation and inoculation for plant height and grain yield, with the highest values in the fertilised treatments. Inoculation with A. longula demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation in field-grown plants could be an alternative management for improving plant growth and grain yield, reducing the use of cattle manure. The AMF sporulation and mycorrhizal colonisation were improved after inoculation, and A. longula URM-FMA 07 increased sporulation by more than 15 times while inoculation with C. etunicatum increased sporulation by more than 3 times. The mycorrhizal inoculation is a management practice that can be useful for recovering or maintaining AMF infective propagules in soil, showing potential to be used in large-scale field conditions in Brazilian semiarid. Although mycorrhisation presents high agricultural relevance due to benefits promoted to the soil and plants, the knowledge about the factors influencing the interactions among microorganisms, soil and plants need to be broadened aiming to achieve successful crop management in semiarid regions.
Convergence Analysis of Training Two-Hidden-Layer Partially Over-Parameterized ReLU Networks via Gradient Descent

—Over-parameterized neural networks have attracted a great deal of attention in recent deep learning theory research, as they challenge the classic perspective of over-ﬁtting when the model has excessive parameters and have gained empirical success in various settings. While a number of theoretical works have been presented to demystify properties of such models, the convergence properties of such models are still far from being thoroughly understood. In this work, we study the convergence properties of training two-hidden-layer partially over-parameterized fully connected networks with the Rectiﬁed Linear Unit activation via gradient descent. To our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst theoretical work to understand convergence properties of deep over-parameterized networks without the equally-wide-hidden-layer assumption and other unrealistic assumptions. We provide a probabilistic lower bound of the widths of hidden layers and proved linear convergence rate of gradient descent. We also conducted experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets to validate our theory.