Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Counting the smallest : data to estimate global stillbirth, preterm birth and low birthweight rates

Background: Stillbirth, preterm birth and low birthweight are important indicators of global burden of disease, status of maternal health and healthcare, and predictors of health throughout the life-course. Data are available through Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS), Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) and household surveys. Comparisons of data by country or over time requires standard definitions and comparable data quality. Data gaps and inconsistencies necessitate adjustments and use of modelled estimates in many settings. Methods: Systematic data searches were undertaken to compile available data on these outcomes for 195 countries. Where no reliable data were available, statistical models were used to generate national estimates. Data quantity and quality were summarised for each outcome, with implications for improvement and research. Results: The estimated burden remains large: 2.6 million stillbirths (2015), 14.9 million preterm births (2010) and 20.5 million low birthweight babies (2015) based on 4,392 data-points from 148 countries. Common data quality challenges include use of non-standard definitions, omission, and misclassification. Targeted data quality assessments are required to detect these. Five data gaps identified to address are: (1) coverage of data systems (2) accurate assessment of vital status at birth, birthweight and gestational age for every birth, (3) accurate recording of these key data elements (4) comparable collation within and across data systems and (5) use of data to inform programmes and policy. Evidence exists across all data platforms of examples of solutions to close these gaps. Systematic data linkage could increase efficiency. Conclusion: Data availability has increased over the last decade, even in the poorest countries. Data quality issues currently hamper the use of these data to improve outcomes in many settings, but could be addressed with political will and targeted investment. Ending preventable deaths among the world’s smallest babies requires that these data are accurate, available and used.
A comparison of Sorghum Stover based complete feed blocks with a conventional feeding practice in a peri urban dairy

Sorghum stover is a major constituent in dairy feeding in and around Hyderabad, transported over long distances and traded and priced according to perceived stover fodder quality by specialized fodder traders. The work presented here assessed the economics of three feeding regimes: 1) a complete feed block consisting of about 50% of a premium sorghum stover (T1), 2) a complete feed block consisting of about 50% of a low cost sorghum stover (T2); and 3) a conventional feeding regime based on farmmixed concentrate and green fodder (T3). At a commercial dairy farm seven Murrah buffaloes each were allotted to any of the three treatments recording daily feed intake, milk yield and milk fat content. Dry matter, protein and metabolisable energy intake were highest (P<0.05) in T1 followed by T2 and T3. Average daily milk yield were 8.6, 7.9 and 7.0 liter in T3, T1 and T2, respectively (P=0.20). Feeding costs relative to sales from milk were 40% (P<0.05) in T3 compared to 69% in T1 and 67% in T2. ME intakes relative to estimated ME requirements were 151% in T1, 130% in T2 and 93% in T3, respectively.
Impulse Response Analysis in Conditional Quantile Models and an Application to Monetary Policy

This paper presents a new method to analyze the e¤ect of shocks on time series using quantile impulse response function (QIRF). While conventional impulse response analysis is re- stricted to evaluation using the conditional mean function, here, we propose an alternative impulse response analysis that traces the e¤ect of economic shocks on the conditional quantile function. By changing the quantile index over the unit interval, it is possible to measure the e¤ect of shocks on the entire conditional distribution of a given variable in our framework. Therefore we can observe the complete distributional consequences of policy interventions, especially at the upper and lower tails of the distribution as well as at the mean. Using the new approach, it becomes possible to evaluate two distinct features, namely, (i) the degree of uncertainty of a shock by measuring how the dispersion of the conditional distribution is changed after a shock, and (ii) the asymmetric e¤ect of a shock by comparing the responses to an impulse at the lower tails with those at the upper tails of the conditional distribution. None of these features can be observed in the conventional impulse response analysis exclusively based on the conditional mean function. In addition to proposing the QIRF, our second contribution is to present a new way to jointly estimate a system of multiple quantile functions. Our proposed system quantile estimator is obtained by extending the result of Jun and Pinkse (2009) to the time series context. We illustrate the QIRF on a VAR model in a manner similar to Romer and Romer (2004) in order to assess the impact of a monetary policy shock on the US economy.
Molecular pathogenesis of human parechovirus 1 infection

10 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 12 1. PICORNAVIRUSES AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 12 2. VIRION STRUCTURE AND GENOME ORGANIZATION OF PICORNAVIRUSES . 14 3. CELLULAR RECEPTORS AND ENTRY OF PICORNAVIRUSES . 16 3.1. Ig-like molecules as picornavirus receptors . 17 3.2. Integrins as picornavirus receptors . 18 3.3. Other molecules as picornavirus receptors . 19 4. TRANSLATION OF PICORNAVIRUS RNAS. 20 5. POLYPROTEIN PROCESSING . 22 6. THE PICORNAVIRAL NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEINS. 23 6.1. L . 23 6.2. 2A . 23 6.3. 2B . 24 6.4. 2BC and 2C. 26 6.5. 3A, 3B and 3AB. 28 6.6. 3C and 3CD . 29 6.7. 3D. 29 7. REPLICATION OF PICORNAVIRUSES . 30 7.1. Cis-acting RNA elements . 30 7.2. Minus-strand RNA synthesis . 31 7.3. Plus-strand RNA synthesis. 32 7.4. Viral RNA replication is associated with cellular membranes. 33 7.5. Membrane trafficking between the ER and the Golgi. 34 7.6. Formation of the picornaviral replication complex. 36 8. PARECHOVIRUSES . 38 AIMS OF THE STUDY. 43 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 44 1. VIRUSES, CELLS AND TRANSFECTION (I, II, III, IV, V) . 44 2. PLASMIDS AND PROTEIN PRODUCTION (II, III, IV, V). 44 3. ANTIBODIES (I, II, III, IV, V) . 45 4. INFECTIVITY TITRATION AND BLOCKING OF INFECTION WITH CELL SURFACE ANTIBODIES (I). 45
Selection for low Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content in Thai hemp cultivars.

Selection for reduced Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in four Thai hemp cultivars (including V50, Mae Sa Mai, Huay Hoi and Pang Ung) was carried out in highland areas in the northern Thailand. Research work was conducted for two consecutive growing seasons during 2008 to 2009 at Pangda Royal Agricultural Station, Samoeng district, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Results of selection indicated that after selecting for two successive generations, the average THC content of four Thai hemp cultivars reduced to 18.0-55.0% and cannabidiol (CBD) content increased to 20.0-127.0%. The results of selection also indicated that chemotype classification could be grouped by using the ratio of CBD/THC content as follows: non-drug type (CBD/THC>10.0), intermediate type (1.0≤CBD/THC≤10.0) and drug type (CBD/THC<1.0). Thus, selection for reduced THC content, high ratio of CBD/THC content could be used as alternative criteria for improving low THC content in hemp cultivars. As well, mass selection method was considered as an effective and suitable method for improving these THC and CBD traits.
The Trade Facilitation Impact of the Chinese Diaspora

Using an enhanced data set on the population share of overseas Chinese in 1970 and 1990, this paper analyses the impact of the Chinese diaspora on facilitating China's bilateral trade during the period 1973&#8211;2013. Our findings suggest substantial trade creation effects resulting from the presence of ethnic Chinese in the trade partner population. Diaspora impacts on Chinese bilateral imports are in general higher than those found for exports. Coethnic networks play a larger role as long as the partner country does not have an RTA with China in place. Among export sectors, effects found were strongest for food, as well as for machinery and transport equipment. In regard to imports, coethnic networks matter mostly for raw materials, machinery and transport equipment, and chemicals.
The Psychology of Sustainability and Psychological Capital: New Lenses to Examine Well-Being in the Translation Profession

The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development is a new research area which involves optimizing and regenerating personal resources in order to establish meaningful lives and work experiences (Di Fabio, 2017). The concept of psychological capital (PsyCap) has been linked to the psychology of sustainability due to its potential role in promoting well-being in organizations and improving people’s health and performance. However, this area of sustainability science is currently absent from the translation studies literature despite its relevance for professional translators’ work in today’s challenging and competitive environment. In line with the argument that sustainability principles apply to a variety of disciplines, the purpose of this article is to introduce the value of the psychology of sustainability for organizational and individual well-being via key concepts of relevance to the translation profession. Within this trans-disciplinary reflection space (Di Fabio and Rosen, 2018), I will also consider the research evidence for adopting a primary prevention perspective for the benefit of professional translators. Examining translator behaviour through the lens of the psychology of sustainability is a new and exciting venture that has the potential to reframe professional perspectives and translators’ career paths.
Proximate Analysis of Selected Macroalgal Species from the Persian Gulf as a Nutritional Resource

Nowadays the exploration and utilisation of food and feed from marine origin is becoming more important with the increase of human population. Macroalgae are rich in nutritious compounds, which can directly be used in human and animal feed industries. The current study presents the screening of chemical components of eight macroalgae species, Sargassum boveanum, Sirophysalis trinodis, Hypnea caroides, Palisda perforata, Galaxaura rugosa, Caulerpa racemose, Caulerpa sertularioides and Bryopsis corticolans from the Persian Gulf. The results revealed that the eight studied algal species possess high protein (14.46% to 38.20%), lipid (1.27% to 9.13%) and ash (15.50% to 49.14%) contents. The fatty acids and amino acids profile showed the presence of essential fatty acids and amino acids with high nutritional value. Phaeophyta species, S. boveanum and S. trinodis, showed the highest value of ash content and polyunsaturated fatty acids while Chlorophyta species, C. racemose, C. sertularioides and B. corticolans, showed the highest level of lipid and protein contents. Rhodophyta species, G. rugosa and P. perforata, showed the highest essential amino acid content. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of the studied marine species as a nutritional source for human and animal uses.
Managing haematology and oncology patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: interim consensus guidance

A pandemic coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, causes COVID‐19, a potentially life‐threatening respiratory disease. Patients with cancer may have compromised immunity due to their malignancy and/or treatment, and may be at elevated risk of severe COVID‐19. Community transmission of COVID‐19 could overwhelm health care services, compromising delivery of cancer care. This interim consensus guidance provides advice for clinicians managing patients with cancer during the pandemic.
Effects of Some Intraspecies Processes on Competition between Two Species of Flour Beetles, Latheticus oryzae and Tribolium confusum

T HE general objective of population ecology is to discover how the numbers of organisms are regulated and how such regulation affects abundance and distribution. If the birth potential of most species were to be realized, the eventual result might be overpopulation followed by extinction. Therefore, it seems reasonable to postulate a past, and continued, selection for processes within the species which contribute to the regulation of numbers and hence survival of the species. Such processes are apparently involved in the intraspecies competition of flour beetles. In these populations comparatively few individuals characteristically survive to the reproductive stage. The species, however, characteristically does survive. If the individuals in a competitive situation belong to two or more species, the competition is called interspecies.
Large-scale surface water change observed by Sentinel-2 during the 2018 drought in Germany

ABSTRACT Monitoring and understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of hydrological droughts with seamless geographical coverage over large areas is essential for an assessment of impacts on water resources, industry, transport, and human health. This became particularly relevant during the heat and drought of 2018 in Germany, which affected the country across various sectors and caused significant interruptions to ship traffic on rivers and lakes with negative impacts on tourism, transportation, and supply chains. In this study, we provide a spatially and temporally consistent view on the 2018 hydrological drought in Germany as seen from Sentinel-2 satellite images. We extract waterbodies with national coverage at different timestamps using an automated processing chain, which is based on a convolutional neural network and has originally been developed for near-real time flood monitoring. The method produces water segmentations with consistently high Overall Accuracy (≥0.95) and Kappa Coefficient (≥0.89), despite varying topography, land-use/land-cover and atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, we identify hotspots of change in water extent at a national scale by comparing monthly water maps for 2018 with the respective maps of the previous year 2017. For the change hotspots, we map change gradients and produce water extent time-series with mapping frequencies <5 days along a timeline of 12 months.
Flower bud density affects vegetative and fruit development in field-grown Southern Highbush Blueberry

Floral budbreak and fruit set in many southern highbush blueberry (SHB) cultivars (hybrids of Vaccinium corymbosum L. with other species of Vaccinium) begin prior to vegetative budbreak. Experiments were conducted with two SHB cultivars, 'Misty' and 'Sharpblue', to test the hypothesis that initial flower bud density (flower buds/ m cane length) affects vegetative budbreak and shoot development, which in turn affect fruit development. Flower bud density of field-grown plants was adjusted in two noncon- secutive years by removing none, one-third, or two-thirds of the flower buds during dormancy. Vegetative budbreak, new shoot dry weight, leaf area, and leaf area : fruit ratios decreased with increasing flower bud density in both cultivars. Average fruit fresh weight and fruit soluble solids decreased in both cultivars, and fruit ripening was delayed in 'Misty' as leaf area : fruit ratios decreased. This study indicates that because of the inverse relationship between flower bud density and canopy establishment, decreasing the density of flower buds in SHB will increase fruit size and quality and hasten ripening.
Abstract P153: Multiple Vulnerabilities to Health Disparities and Incident Heart Failure in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study

Background: Multiple socially determined vulnerabilities (SDV) to health disparities often cluster within the same individual. Previous studies have shown that SDV are separately associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF). As there may be a cumulative effect of these SDVs in the same individual, understanding their joint impact on the incidence of HF is critical. Methods: REGARDS is a national prospective cohort study that recruited 30,239 adults <45 years of age from 2003-2007 with ongoing follow-up. We followed participants free of HF at baseline for incident HF hospitalization through December 31, 2016. Guided by the Healthy People 2020 framework, we examined 10 potential SDVs, retaining those that were associated with incident HF (p<0.10) and creating a count of SDV (0, 1, 2, 3+). We used Cox models to examine associations between the SDV count and incident HF, adjusting for potential confounders. Since disparities in HF have been shown to be greatest in younger individuals models were stratified by age. Results: The 25,790 participants were followed for a median of 10.1 years (IQR 6.5, 11.9); their mean age at baseline was 64.8, 55%% were women, and 40% were blacks. In age-adjusted models, Black race, low educational attainment, low annual household income, zip code poverty, poor public health infrastructure, and lack of health insurance were significantly associated with incident HF. In fully adjusted models, among those 45-64 years, compared to having no SDV, having a SDV was significantly associated with incident HF, with a trend toward a higher count conferring greater risk (Fig. 1). There was no association in other age groups. Conclusions: An increased number of SDVs was associated with risk of incident HF hospitalization among adults <65 years, even after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Using a simple count of SDVs that could be incorporated into the social history during clinical assessment may identify younger individuals at increased risk of incident HF.
Ecosystem Service Loss in Response to Agricultural Expansion in the Small Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China: Process, Driver and Management

Converting natural ecosystems to cultivated land, driven by human activities, has been considered a significant driver of limiting the delivery of ecosystem services (ES). The ES loss in the past was mainly caused by agricultural activities that have been taken to meet people’s needs in Northeast China. Quantifying historical declining ecosystem service values is essential to facilitate sustainable development. In this study, remote sensing images were used to investigate the history of cultivated land expansion over the last five decades. Additionally, ES variations caused by agricultural expansion since 1965 were quantified in the Small Sanjiang Plain (SSP), Northeast China. From the results, cultivated land expanded from 3.97% of the total SSP area to 66.40% from 1965 to 2015 (approximately 898.23 million ha), of which paddy field expanded drastically from 0% to 55.93%. Variations in cultivated land resulted in a loss of ecosystem service values by 11,893.85 million dollars, of which 62.98 million dollars were caused by the internal conversion between cultivation during 1965–2015. Agricultural expansion accelerated the export of agricultural products function, while it decreased almost all other functions, especially hydrological regulation and freshwater supply function. For future sustainability of the SSP, some suggestions, such as restoring natural ecosystems, planting trees between cultivated land, coculture systems, and winter-flooding of paddy rice were provided in our study.
Generalized Planar Turán Numbers

In a generalized Turán problem, we are given graphs $H$ and $F$ and seek to maximize the number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex graph not containing $F$ as a subgraph. We consider generalized Turán problems where the host graph is planar. In particular, we obtain the order of magnitude of the maximum number of copies of a fixed tree in a planar graph containing no even cycle of length at most $2\ell$, for all $\ell$, $\ell \geqslant 1$. We also determine the order of magnitude of the maximum number of cycles of a given length in a planar $C_4$-free graph. An exact result is given for the maximum number of $5$-cycles in a $C_4$-free planar graph. Multiple conjectures are also introduced.
Legitimizing a Practice across Fields: Microprocesses of Theorization of Design Thinking

Legitimizing a practice is a challenging task because it has to be constantly made understandable and meaningful to prospective users. Garnering such legitimacy is critical for successful practice diffusion and potential institutionalization. The process of theorization—rendering of ideas into understandable and compelling formats—is considered central to legitimacy construction. However, we still have a limited understanding of the specific mechanisms through which theorization happens. In this article, we address this issue by examining the microprocesses through which the practice of Design Thinking (DT) was theorized by its proponents in the field of business management. We undertook qualitative analysis, using grounded theory, of archival data. Our analysis revealed three key microprocesses: appropriation (presenting DT as a solution to abstract field-level problems), assimilation (integrating DT with current vocabularies and legacy practices within user organizations), and adaptation (redefining DT in order to resolve contradictions with legacy practices within organizations). This study makes two contributions. First, to the literature on theorization by explicating key microprocesses underlying theorization and providing a nuanced understanding of how legitimacy and theorization may be linked. Second, to the literature on management knowledge production, by showing how management practices and concepts may be contextualized and interlinked.
IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL CAPITAL AND INNOVATION CAPABILITY ON FIRM PERFORMANCE, (CASE STUDY OF PHARMA INDUSTRY IN KARACHI-PAKISTAN)

For firms, modifications and changes are quicker than their speed in obligation and the ability for adjustment. On this competitive world of technology and changes, firms are faced with possibilities and threats. Consequently, every invention and innovation causes alternate that may create possibility for employer. Having the right structural capital and innovation capability mind is very essential. Organizations should develop their new products and share clean vision to decorate the effectiveness in their new product improvement and performance. The objective of this research was to analyze the position of Structural capital and Innovation capability on company performance. The majority applicable SC & IC areas including Systems and Programs, R and D, Culture, Knowledge and environment, Along with IC areas Organizational and Employees innovation, Product innovation and launching have been selected for the research. The primary data were collected from 100 employees from different Pharmaceutical corporations in Karachi using closed ended questionnaire on 5 Likert scale. Secondary data was composed from the published reports, research articles and case studies. For the data analysis objective statistical tools, Descriptive analysis, Correlation and Regression were tested through SPSS. Results indicated that all SC & IC practices were strongly correlated with the Firm performance. This research designated that companies exercise these practices efficiently on a broader level produces top performance. To endure and maintain for the prospect expectations, it is vital that the Pharmaceutical industry be supposed to put these factors (Structural Capital and Innovation Capability) into a practice for the improvement of their performances. Keywords: Structural Capital, Innovation Capability, Firm Performance, Pharmaceutical Industry CITATION: Abdirahman, M. D. , & Tarique, R. (2020). Impact of structural capital and innovation capability on firm performance, (Case study of Pharma industry in Karachi-Pakistan). The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 7(1), 736 – 748.