Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Habitat Features Predict Carrying Capacity of a Recovering Marine Carnivore

The recovery of large carnivore species from over‐exploitation can have socioecological effects; thus, reliable estimates of potential abundance and distribution represent a valuable tool for developing management objectives and recovery criteria. For sea otters (Enhydra lutris), as with many apex predators, equilibrium abundance is not constant across space but rather varies as a function of local habitat quality and resource dynamics, thereby complicating the extrapolation of carrying capacity (K ) from one location to another. To overcome this challenge, we developed a state‐space model of density‐dependent population dynamics in southern sea otters (E. l. nereis), in which K is estimated as a continuously varying function of a suite of physical, biotic, and oceanographic variables, all described at fine spatial scales. We used a theta‐logistic process model that included environmental stochasticity and allowed for density‐independent mortality associated with shark bites. We used Bayesian methods to fit the model to time series of survey data, augmented by auxiliary data on cause of death in stranded otters. Our model results showed that the expected density at K for a given area can be predicted based on local bathymetry (depth and distance from shore), benthic substrate composition (rocky vs. soft sediments), presence of kelp canopy, net primary productivity, and whether or not the area is inside an estuary. In addition to density‐dependent reductions in growth, increased levels of shark‐bite mortality over the last decade have also acted to limit population expansion. We used the functional relationships between habitat variables and equilibrium density to project estimated values of K for the entire historical range of southern sea otters in California, USA, accounting for spatial variation in habitat quality. Our results suggest that California could eventually support 17,226 otters (95% CrI= 9,739–30,087). We also used the fitted model to compute candidate values of optimal sustainable population abundance (OSP) for all of California and for regions within California. We employed a simulation‐based approach to determine the abundance associated with the maximum net productivity level (MNPL) and propose that the upper quartile of the distribution of MNPL estimates (accounting for parameter uncertainty) represents an appropriate threshold value for OSP. Based on this analysis, we suggest a candidate value for OSP (for all of California) of 10,236, which represents 59.4% of projected K. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Wave Reflection at the Origin of a First-Generation Branch Artery and Target Organ Protection

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Excessive pressure and flow pulsatility in first-generation branch arteries are associated with microvascular damage in high-flow organs like brain and kidneys. However, the contribution of local wave reflection and rereflection to microvascular damage remains controversial. Aortic flow, carotid pressure, flow and hydraulic power, brain magnetic resonance images, and cognitive scores were assessed in AGES-Reykjavik study participants without history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or dementia (N=668, 378 women, 69–93 years of age). The aorta-carotid interface was generalized as a markedly asymmetrical bifurcation, with a large parent vessel (proximal aorta) branching into small (carotid) and large (distal aorta) daughter vessels. Local reflection coefficients were computed from aortic and carotid characteristic impedances. The bifurcation reflection coefficient, which determines pressure amplification in both daughter vessels, was low (0.06±0.03). The carotid flow transmission coefficient was low (0.11±0.04) and associated with markedly lower carotid versus aortic flow pulsatility (waveform SD, 7.2±2.0 versus 98.7±21.8 mL/s, P<0.001), pulsatility index (1.8±0.5 versus 4.5±0.6, P<0.001), and pulsatile power percentage (10±4% versus 25±5%, P<0.001). Transmitted as compared to incident pulsatile power (19.0±9.8 versus 35.9±17.8 mW, P<0.001) was further reduced by reflection (−4.3±2.7 mW) and rereflection (−12.5±8.1 mW) within the carotid. Higher carotid flow pulsatility correlated with lower white matter volume (R=−0.130, P<0.001) and lower memory scores (R=−0.161, P<0.001). Marked asymmetry of characteristic impedances at aorta-branch artery bifurcations limits amplification of pressure, markedly reduces absolute and relative pulsatility of transmitted flow and hydraulic power into first-generation branch arteries, and thereby protects the downstream local microcirculation from pulsatile damage.
Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2023;16:e009981. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.122. 009981 July 2023 Correspondence to: Martina A. Steurer, MD, UCSF Department of Pediatrics, 550 16th St, 5th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143. Email martina.steurer@ucsf.edu Supplemental Material is available at https://www.ahajournals. org/doi/suppl/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.122. 009981. For Sources of Funding and Disclosures, see page 485. © 2023 American Heart Association, Inc. ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Students' perception of online learning and institution's engagement during the Covid-19 pandemic: A survey study of Taylor's design, architecture, and engineering students

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted teaching in almost all higher education institutions globally and online learning quickly become the core method of delivery Despite the flexibilities that online learning can offer, there might be challenges in fulfilling the needs of the students' learning especially those among the disciplines of design, architecture, and engineering where hands-on classes are essential This study aims to examine the students' perception of online learning and the university's engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic After one semester of fully online learning, a cross-sectional survey was conducted through online questionnaire among 716 design, architecture, and engineering students from Taylor's University to further examine the perception of online learning and its institution engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic Study shows that the pandemic has minor effect on their university plan where 84% are keen to re-enrol for the term and only 6% prefer to wait out the pandemic Findings further show that the amount of time spent on completing assignments has increased compared to previous term (52%), yet students raised the concern about keeping up with the coursework in online learning environment (56%) Despite the majority of students associate their feelings of online learning with worried (49 6%), distracting (31 6%), and nervous (24 3%), results revealed 49% of students appreciate the university's effort in their academic initiative followed by 31% feeling thankful for the timely updates and hardship fund set up by the management and 20% are pleased with the university engagement related to well-being Policymakers and higher education institutions worldwide may benefit from these findings when formulating contingency plans and tactics on how to support students during the pandemic © 2021 School of Engineering
Can the location of the isolation laboratory affect the generation of myxomycete data using moist chambers? An experiment in the Neotropics

The moist chamber technique, as it is used in myxomycete research, is an extremely useful method to optimize project resources. However, as it occurs with any laboratory-based protocol, the usefulness of this technique should be evaluated using contextual elements, most of which, are lacking in the literature. The present study evaluated the results obtained using the moist chamber technique with the same substrate material, synchronously, in two different laboratories in Costa Rica. Using climate data obtained at both isolation localities and microclimate data obtained directly from the moist chambers, an analysis of differences in results was attempted. Even though variations in results are intrinsic to biological surveys, the results presented herein suggested that some recorded differences could have been linked to the air humidity and the temperature of the moist chamber culture. Even though the two laboratories were only 30 km apart, an average difference of 8.5% in the values of the diversity indices was observed. Also, between 15% and 19% of the species recorded in the total dataset were only observed in one laboratory. In this manner, the present study is useful to keep in mind that myxomycete results using the moist chamber technique, can be extremely influenced by variables that are usually not considered in the general application of the protocol. Perhaps it is time to work on an optimized version of such useful technique.
Soothe ourselves in times of need

Publisher Rights Statement: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Mok, M. C. , Schwannauer, M. and Chan, S. W. (2019), Soothe ourselves in times of need: A qualitative exploration of how the feeling of ‘soothe’ is understood and experienced in everyday life. Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract. doi:10.1111/papt.12245, which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/full/10.1111/papt.12245. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
Electrokinetic stabilization of kaolinite by injection of Al and PO43− ions

Stabilization of a kaolinite bed by the electrochemical injection of aluminium and phosphate ions has been investigated. Electrical gradients of 2 V/cm or less constituted the predominant driving force for ion transport under a 433 µA/cm2 constant direct current density. The changes in the kaolinite properties and pore fluid characteristics due to electrokinetic treatment were analysed. Average increases in undrained shear strength of 500–600% were observed for phosphoric acid and aluminium sulfate/phosphoric acid treatments of the kaolinite. Electrokinetic processing caused an average increase of 30% in the Atterberg limits. It is hypothesized that injection of phosphate and aluminium ions into the kaolinite specimens modified the pore fluid, leading to an increase in shear strength by ion exchange and precipitation mechanisms. However, the strength increase observed was not homogeneous throughout the specimen.
South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 3, Issue 1 (December) ISSN 2289-1560

This study examines the quality of financial reporting for family firms in Malaysia. We use earnings informativeness as our measure for financial reporting quality. According to the entrenchment effect, firms with concentrated ownership are more likely to produce low quality financial reporting. In family firms, ownership is concentrated. Therefore, based on entrenchment effect, family firms are expected to produce low quality financial reporting. However, our result shows otherwise. Using a sample of Malaysian public listed firms for the period 2000-2007, we find that earnings informativeness is higher for family firms than for non-family firms. As far as earnings informativeness is concerned, the result provides evidence that family firms produce high quality financial reporting.
Role of Cations on the Electronic Transport and Optical Properties of Lead-Iodide Perovskites

Using density functional theory in combination with the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism we study the role of organic (methylammonium, MA) and inorganic (cesium, Cs) cations on the electronic transport and optical properties of single crystal lead-iodide perovskite. Both dispersive interactions (i.e., van der Waals interactions) and spin–orbit coupling are taken into account in describing the properties of the considered systems. Despite sizable difference in the lattice parameters and the electric polarization of the system, both MAPbI3 and CsPbI3 show similar electronic transport properties. A small difference in the transmission originates from the variations of the electrostatic potential along the electronic transport direction. These two samples also exhibit similar optical and dielectric properties when they are in the same crystalline phase. Our finite temperature first-principles molecular dynamics simulations in combination with static density functional theory calculations also reveal .
SUGAR BEET LEAF CHARACTREISTICS AND WITE SUGAR CONTENTS CHANGE BY ZINC AND PHOSPHORUS

The aim of current study was to verify the effect of zinc and phosphorus application in soil on leaf characteristics and sugar content in sugar beet root. For this purpose, Sugar beet was grown under field conditions for 2009-2010 cropping season in Arak, Navazen, Iran. The experiment was a completely randomized block design with a factorial arrangement in three replications. Zinc treatment was from two levels of zinc (Z) soil application. Z1 as control and Z2 was 25 kg/ha ZnSO4 as soil application and phosphorus treatment were P1 to P4 with four levels of 125, 250, 375 kg/ha ammonium super phosphate (ASP) and non as control, respectively. In young sugar beet fields, the use of low amounts of ammonium super phosphate will show the best response for zinc interaction. In our experiment at 45 days after sowing date, the sugar beet leaf chlorosise could decrease by 25 kg/ha ZnSO4 as soil application. In all recorded data in 70, 85 and 100 days after sugar beet seed sowing date the number of yellow leaves was decreased when zinc sulfate insert in soils. In addition, phosphorus and zinc interaction had significant effects on petiole water content. Petiole water content is a much related treat to viability of sugar beet leaf and its functions especially in young stage of plant. Petiole RWC at 85 days after planting date has significant changes too. LAI was significant changes when plants were 45 days old.
ROLE OF FACEBOOK USE AND ADDICTION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: A PILOT STUDY ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

For the past few years Facebook becomes one of the most popular social networking website around the world. It is widely used website among the students for fulfilling their needs of interaction. Excessive usage of Facebook that leads to addiction on Facebook gets huge concern among scientific community. There were very studies that assess the impact of the Facebook usage and addiction on academic achievement. The present study was aimed to assess the impact of these factors on the academic results of undergrad students. A booklet, included questions regarding academic achievement, Facebook usage, and the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, was administered on a non-representative sample of 161 undergrad students. Results suggested the Facebook use and addiction as significant negative predictors of academic achievement. This study also explored significant mean differences in Facebook addiction score and academic achievement by gender. From the present study findings, it is time to rethink about controlling the students’ usage of social media like Facebook.
Effect of vitamin D level and polypharmacy on the risk of falls in the elderly

Aim: To investigate the effects of polypharmacy and vitamin D levels on the risk of falls in the elderly. Methods: The prospective study included 201 patients (F/M: 155/46) aged 65 years and older who presented with nonspecific musculoskeletal pain. The demographic and laboratory data of the patients, as well as the results of a single leg stance test (SLST), a timed up and go (TUG) test and levels of vitamin D were recorded. Results: The percentage of patients with polypharmacy is 15.9 percent and 29.4 percent used no medications. The SLST score was the lowest and the TUG test score was significantly higher in the polypharmacy group (p 0.05). Conclusion: Medical therapies for the treatment of diseases in the elderly should have a rational basis, as this may reduce falls, particularly in the elderly population, that can have serious consequences, and may even lead to death.
Birth Children in Foster Families: Their Experiences and Sibling Relationships

2 Chapter 1: A Brief Introduction Why Birth Children Matter . 3 Chapter 2: Birth Children’s Experiences in Fostering Families: Identifying Consensus Views Introduction . 5 Methods . 11 Results . 14 Discussion . 18 Chapter 3: Perceptions of Foster Services and Research among Stakeholders: Identifying Consensus Views Introduction . 23 Methods . 28 Results . 29 Discussion . 32 Chapter 4: Comparing Foster-Sibling and Birth-Sibling Relationships Introduction . 37 Methods . 43 Results . 44 Discussion . 48 Chapter 5: Reflections on Recruitment and Retention . 54 Chapter 6: Conclusions . 62 References . 67 Appendix 1 . 81 Appendix 2 . 86
THE EFFECT BETWEEN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, SWITCHING COST, AND CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE OF TRUST TO CUSTOMER LOYALTY, CUSTOMER COMMITMENT AS A MEDIATION (Case Study: Customers on Online Shop Tokopedia, Malang City)

This research was focused on customer satisfaction, switching costs, and con-sumer confidence in increasing customer loyalty through customer commitment. The sample is Tokopedia Online Shop consumers in Malang and consumers who have shopped at Tokopedia Online Shop twice or more. This included in the cate-gory of snowball sampling, where respondents who initially were a little longer over time became a lot. There are consisted by 30 people, but only 122 ques-tionnaires could be processed. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square (PLS) using the smartPLS software application. The re-sults are indicated that customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty and customer commitment. Mediation variables are indicated that cus-tomer commitment provides a partial mediation role on the effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. Meanwhile, switching costs do not have a signif-icant effect on customer loyalty, but have a significant effect on customer com-mitment. So, mediation testing shown that customer commitment provides the role of complete mediation on the effect between switching costs and customer loyalty. Meanwhile, customer experience of trust has a significant effect on cus-tomer loyalty and customer commitment. Thus, the results of mediation testing also indicated that customer commitment provides a partial mediation role on the effect between customer experience of trust and customer loyalty.
When Dark Humor and Moral Judgment Meet in Sacrificial Dilemmas: Preliminary Evidence With Females

The influence of dark humor on moral judgment has never been explored, even though this form of humor is well-known to push the boundaries of social norms. In the present study, we examined whether the presence of dark humor leads female participants to approve a utilitarian response (i.e., to kill one to save many) in sacrificial dilemmas. The effects of two types of humorous contexts were compared (i.e., dark vs. nondark) on dilemmas, which differed according to whom benefits from the crime (i.e., oneself and others vs. others only). In addition to collecting moral responses, individuals’ emotional states were assessed at three critical steps: Before and after reading the jokes and also after performing the moral judgment task. Our results revealed that dark and nondark humor similarly elicited a positive emotional state. However, dark humor increased the permissiveness of the moral violation when this violation created benefits for oneself. In self and other beneficial dilemmas, female participants in the dark humorous condition judged the utilitarian response more appropriate than those in the nondark condition. This study represents a first attempt in deepening our understanding of the context-dependent nature of moral judgment usually assessed in sacrificial dilemmas.
The Value Relevance of Key Accounting Information for Biotech Firms at the IPO: A Test of Assets, Cumulative R&D Expenses, and Cumulative Losses

This study examines the value relevance of key accounting information disclosed to investors of biotech firms at their initial public offerings (IPO). This study uses a sample of biotech companies whose primary business is biopharmaceuticals development and whose IPO took place in 1995 through 2005. A log linear regression model was used to assess the value relevance of the financial information at the time of the IPO. We find that assets are incrementally value relevant for biotech firms at the IPO. This finding conforms to the theory that investors value how well the firm has converted future investment opportunities into assets-in-place. However, we find that investors do not fully value cumulative research and development (R&D) expenses at the IPO which may be attributed to the anomaly of the IPO prices and high risks associated with the long development period in the biotech industry’s value chain. Finally, we find that cumulative losses are not value relevant for biotech firms at the IPO even if they contain a large R&D component. Our findings have implications for biotech IPO valuation, the biotech industry, and accounting standards setters and they extend the prior pre-IPO and post-IPO biotech firms’ valuation studies.
Incidence of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders in healthcare personal after the onset of Covid 19 pandemic – a survey based study.

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It was declared a global pandemic by WHO. There are 77.8 million reported cases of and 1.7 million deaths due to COVID-19 in the world at the time of writing this article. The main symptoms of COVID‐19 are fever, cough, fatigue, dyspnea, sore throat, headache and gastrointestinal disturbances. It has caused increased psychological impact to the society, particularly in healthcare personnel (HCPs). We aimed to assess the incidence of depression, anxiety and insomnia in healthcare personnel after the onset of COVID-19 Pandemic.
Factors Affecting Teachers and Learners Motivation for Learning English Language

Examining the motivation of both teachers and learners during English language acquisition is important as the lower level of motivation can result in poor and ineffective learning process. The study followed a qualitative and exploratory research methodology and presented a questionnaire to a total of 70 participants (30 teachers and 40 students) from different centers of English learning in Riyadh, KSA. Quantitative data analysis shows that the most important factors which affect learner motivation are a source of pride for parents, socioeconomic background and the role of teacher. The most important factors which affect teachers’ motivation are positive attitude and involvement, lack of information and feeling interest in new technologies. These findings can be useful for both learners as well as foreign language teachers in Saudi Arabia and can help to enhance mutual English learning and teaching experience.
EXTREME WATER CONFINEMENT AMIDST SUPERHYDROPHILIC SU 8 MICROPATTERNED

StefaniaD'Amone 1 , Ilaria Elena Palamà 1 , Alessio Mezzi 2 , Giuseppe Gigli 1,3 and Barbara Cortese 4 . 1. CNR-NANOTEC, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy. 2. ISMN-CNR Area della Ricerca di Roma,Via Salaria km 29,300 00015 Monterotondo (Rome) Italy 3. Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy 4. CNRNANOTEC, University La Sapienza, P.zle A. Moro, Roma, 00185, Italy. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History