Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN ENERGETIC MAGNETAR IN HESS J1713−381/CTB 37B

We obtained a second Chandra timing measurement of the 3.82 s pulsar CXOU J171405.7−381031 in the supernova remnant (SNR) CTB 37B, which shows that it is spinning down rapidly. The average period derivative of (5.88 ± 0.08) × 10−11 over the 1 year time span corresponds to a dipole magnetic field strength Bs = 4.8 × 1014 G, well into the magnetar range. The spin-down power erg s−1 is among the largest for magnetars, and the corresponding characteristic age years is comparable to estimates of the age of the SNR. The period derivative enables us to recover probable pulsations in an ASCA observation taken in 1996, which yields a mean characteristic age of 860 years over the longer 13 year time span. The source is well detected up to 10 keV, and its composite spectrum is typical of a magnetar. CTB 37B hosts HESS J1713−381, the first TeV source that is coincident with a magnetar. While the TeV emission has been attributed to the SNR shell, it is possibly centrally peaked, and we hypothesize that this particularly young, energetic magnetar may contribute to the HESS source. We also searched for pulsations from another source in a HESS SNR, XMMU J173203.3−344518 in HESS J1731−347/G353.6−0.7, but could not confirm pulsations or long-term flux variability, making it more likely that this source is a weakly magnetized central compact object.
INFRARED ABSORPTION LINES TOWARD NGC 7538 IRS 1: ABUNDANCES OF H2, H3+, AND CO

We report high-resolution near-infrared absorption spectroscopy of H2, H3+, and CO toward the young high mass object NGC 7538 IRS 1. The v = 1–0 H2 S(0) line and lines in the CO v = 2–0 band were detected; the v = 1–0 H2 S(1) line and the v = 1–0 H3+ lines [R(1, 1)l, R(1, 0), R(1, 1)u] were not detected. The line of sight traverses two clouds, with temperatures 45 and 259 K and with roughly equal column densities of CO. Assuming that H2 is at the same temperature as CO and that the two species are uniformly mixed, [H2]/[CO] = 3600 ± 1200. NGC 7538 is the most distant object from the Galactic center for which [H2]/[CO] has been directly measured using infrared absorption spectroscopy.
Electrocardiographic features in children with severe falciparum malaria at the University College Hospital, Ibadan

Introduction: The high burden of Malaria morbidity and mortality in children is due to its potential to cause multi-organ dysfunction. There is however limited information on the specific electrocardiographic features in falciparum malaria in paediatric age group. Aim: To investigate the electrocardiographic (ECG) features in children with (complicated) severe falciparum malaria (SM) and acute uncomplicated malaria (AUM) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted among 398 children with symptomatic and confirmed Plasmodium falciparum malaria and apparently healthy controls. The frequencies of ECG features were described and compared among these children. Results: The prevalence of ECG abnormality was 79.7% and 63.2% in Severe Malaria SM and Acute uncomplicated malaria AUM patients, respectively. Sinus tachycardia was significantly more frequent in SM than AUM and control groups (p <0.001). The risk of an ECG abnormality was about three times higher in SM than healthy children (p<0.001; OR=2.89;95%CI[1.68,4.99). Conclusion: Severe malaria patients had significant ECG abnormalities (Sinus Tachycardia).
EFOSC2 Spectroscopy of SWIRE-CDFS galaxies

ABSTRACT We present the optical spectra of a sample of 34 SWIRE-CDFS sources observed withEFOSC2 on the ESO 3.6m Telescope. We have used the spectra and spectroscopicredshifts to validate our photometric redshift codes and SED template ﬁtting meth-ods. 12 of our sources are Infrared Luminous Galaxies. Of these, ﬁve belong to theclass of ULIRGs and one to the class of HLIRGs with evidence of both an AGN andstarburst component contributing to their extreme infrared luminosity for 3, starburstcontributing for 1 and AGN contributing for 2 of them.Key words: 1 INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, extragalactic surveys have revolutionizedour view of the high-redshift Universe, showing that theredshift range 0.5 < z < 3.0 witnessed an extraordinarytransformation in the demographics of starburst and AGNactivity in galaxies. The factors that drove these changesare however unclear. Consequently, the properties of largesamples of sources are the current driving force behind mod-ern extragalactic surveys (e.g. Lonsdale et al. 2003; Eales etal. 2010; Oliver et al. 2010). However, either most of thesources in these surveys are too faint for spectroscopic ob-servations or it is not cost and time eﬀective to acquirelarge spectroscopic redshift samples using the current fa-cilities. Photometric techniques provide an excellent tool forestimating redshifts, essential for statistical studies of thegalaxies’ properties and evolution with only a fraction ofthe observing time required by spectroscopic surveys. Thesetechniques are faster and can estimate redshifts beyond thespectroscopic limit with the main handicap of possessinglarger errors than spectroscopic techniques. In order to min-imize these statistical errors: i) more bands are needed to beincluded in the photometric computation ii) optical spectro-scopic redshifts have to be used to calibrate and validate thephotometric redshift codes.In this paper we use the EFOSC2 on the 3.6m ESO telescopeto obtain optical spectroscopy of galaxies selected from the
THE ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN A TRANSITION ECONOMY: THE CASE OF VIETNAM

This study examines the asymmetric effects of Exchange Rate Volatility (ERV) on Vietnam’s international trade. Using time-series data fitted to the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model, we find that positive changes in ERV have a negative impact on the trade balance in the short-run. On the other hand,increases in ERV have a positive impact on the trade balance in the long-run. We also find that negative changes in ERV do not have any significant effect on the trade balance.
Food Insecurity and Maternal Diet Influence Human Milk Composition between the Infant’s Birth and 6 Months after Birth in Central-Africa

Although the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF recommend that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life, evidence is scarce on how the mother’s undernourishment status at delivery and maternal dietary factors influence human milk (HM) composition during the first 6 months of life in regions with high food insecurity. The maternal undernourishment status at delivery, maternal diet, and HM nutrients were assessed among 46 women and their 48 vaginally born infants in Bangui at 1, 4, 11, 18, and 25 weeks after birth through 24-h recalls and food consumption questionnaires from December 2017 to June 2019 in the context of the "Mother-to-Infant TransmIssion of microbiota in Central-Africa" (MITICA) study. High food insecurity indexes during the follow-up were significantly associated with them having lower levels of many of the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that were measured and with lower levels of retinol (aß-coef = −0.2, p value = 0.04), fatty acids (aß-coef = −7.2, p value = 0.03), and amino acids (aß-coef = −2121.0, p value < 0.001). On the contrary, women from food-insecure households displayed significantly higher levels of lactose in their HM (aß-coef = 3.3, p value = 0.02). In parallel, the consumption of meat, poultry, and fish was associated with higher HM levels of many of the HMOs that were measured, total amino acids (aß-coef = 5484.4, p value < 0.001), and with lower HM levels of lactose (aß-coef = −15.6, p value = 0.01). Food insecurity and maternal diet had a meaningful effect on HM composition with a possible impact being an infant undernourishment risk. Our results plead for consistent actions on food security as an effective manner to influence the nutritional content of HM and thereby, potentially improve infant survival and healthy growth.
Principal's leadership in improving student learning outcomes

The purpose of this research was to identify, explain, and analyze the principal's of headmasters learning as a step in improving student learning outcomes. The method used is a literature study method with a conceptual research approach related to ideas and theories. Principal leadership in improving student learning outcomes is the most important element in improving the quality of education. In order to be able to improve the quality of education, school principals must do good learning in their leadership. Based on the instructional leadership model expressed by Weber dan Murphy, it can be concluded that good instructional leadership must include activities including, developing the school's vision, mission, and goals, developing learning programs that can meet needs, developing an academic learning climate, creating a work environment that is conducive to learning. support and implement comprehensive learning assessments. Principal instructional leadership is a multidimensional construct that focuses on how principals organize and perform coordination tasks in school life. In creating effective learning lead ership a synergistic relationship is needed with all school members.
On the typical properties of inverse problems in statistical mechanics

In this work we consider the problem of extracting a set of interaction parameters from an high-dimensional dataset describing T independent configurations of a complex system composed of N binary units. This problem is formulated in the language of statistical mechanics as the problem of finding a family of couplings compatible with a corresponding set of empirical observables in the limit of large N. We focus on the typical properties of its solutions and highlight the possible spurious features which are associated with this regime (model condensation, degenerate representations of data, criticality of the inferred model). We present a class of models (complete models) for which the analytical solution of this inverse problem can be obtained, allowing us to characterize in this context the notion of stability and locality. We clarify the geometric interpretation of some of those aspects by using results of differential geometry, which provides means to quantify consistency, stability and criticality in the inverse problem. In order to provide simple illustrative examples of these concepts we finally apply these ideas to datasets describing two stochastic processes (simulated realizations of a Hawkes point-process and a set of time-series describing financial transactions in a real market).
THE SUPERNOVA IMPOSTOR PSN J09132750+7627410 AND ITS PROGENITOR

We report the results of our follow-up campaign of the supernova impostor PSN J09132750+7627410, based on optical data covering ∼250 days. From the beginning, the transient shows prominent narrow Balmer lines with P-Cygni profiles, with a blueshifted absorption component becoming more prominent with time. Along the ∼3 months of the spectroscopic monitoring, broad components are never detected in the hydrogen lines, suggesting that these features are produced in slowly expanding material. The transient reaches an absolute magnitude Mr = −13.60 ± 0.19 mag at maximum, a typical luminosity for supernova impostors. Amateur astronomers provided ∼4 years of archival observations of the host galaxy, NGC 2748. The detection of the quiescent progenitor star in archival images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope suggests it to be an 18–20 M⊙ white–yellow supergiant.
Group Role Assignment With Constraints (GRA+): A New Category of Assignment Problems

This article systematically establishes a new category of assignment problems by reviewing and extending the problems related to group role assignment (GRA) from a novel vision. After reviewing seven related GRA with Constraints (GRA+) problems, this article specifies three new major assignment problems to make GRA+ problems complete and coherent. In addition, this article proves a series of new related theorems, proposes new conditions for the specified problems to have feasible solutions, and verifies the hardness of the newly specified problems. This article finally verifies the value of the presented theoretical work and provides a generalized formalization of this category of problems, i.e., the one highly abstract optimization problem, which is specified the first time. This article contributes to the literature of assignment problems with a novel category of well-defined problems, i.e., GRA+. The presented problem category is original, consistent, but far from complete. It will initiate further innovations in assignment research along with the presented directions. This article again demonstrates the power of the methodology role-based collaboration (RBC), and the environments—classes, agents, roles, groups, and objects (E-CARGO) model.
Virtual surface morphology generation of Ti-6Al-4V directed energy deposition via conditional generative adversarial network

ABSTRACT The core challenge in directed energy deposition is to obtain high surface quality through process optimisation, which directly affects the mechanical properties of fabricated parts. However, for expensive materials like Ti-6Al-4V, the cost and time required to optimise process parameters can be excessive in inducing good surface quality. To mitigate these challenges, we propose a novel method with artificial intelligence to generate virtual surface morphology of Ti-6Al-4V parts by given process parameters. A high-resolution surface morphology image generation system has been developed by optimising conditional generative adversarial networks. The developed virtual surface matches experimental cases well with an Fréchet inception distance score of 174, in the range of accurate matching. Microstructural analysis with parts fabricated with artificial intelligence guidance exhibited less textured microstructural behaviour on the surface which reduces the anisotropy in the columnar structure. This artificial intelligence guidance of virtual surface morphology can help to obtain high-quality parts cost-effectively.
Towards Sustainable Development: How Digitalization, Technological Innovation, and Green Economic Development Interact with Each Other

Green technological innovation is one of the endogenous drivers of green economic growth, and digitalization can promote green economic development in the form of industrial empowerment. The interactive relationship and the degree of influence between digitalization, technological innovation, and green economic development is thus an urgent issue to be addressed. Based on the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2019, we measured digitalization, technological innovation, and green economic development for the first time using the entropy method and included them in the same analytical framework by constructing a PVAR model to empirically test their interrelationship and degree of influence. Our findings suggest that: (1) There is an inertial development and self-reinforcing mechanism among the three variables. (2) The impact of digitalization on green economic development has a positive promotion effect, while the impact of technological innovation on green economic development is not significant. (3) The impact of green economic development on technological innovation has a positive promotion effect in the short term, but this effect gradually declines and tends to zero in the long term. Finally, based on the findings, several practical suggestions are made.
Uncertainty limits for quantum metrology obtained from the statistics of weak measurements

Quantum metrology uses small changes in the output probabilities of a quantum measurement to estimate the magnitude of a weak interaction with the system. The sensitivity of this procedure depends on the relation between the input state, the measurement results, and the generator observable describing the effect of the weak interaction on the system. This is similar to the situation in weak measurements, where the weak value of an observable exhibits a symmetric dependence on initial and final conditions. In this paper, it is shown that the phase sensitivity of a quantum measurement is in fact given by the variance of the imaginary parts of the weak values of the generator over the different measurement outcomes. It is then possible to include the limitations of a specific quantum measurement in the uncertainty bound for phase estimates by subtracting the variance of the real parts of the weak values from the initial generator uncertainty. This uncertainty relation can be interpreted as the time-symmetric formulation of the uncertainty limit of quantum metrology, where the real parts of the weak values represent the information about the generator observable in the final measurement result.
Integration of Short-Lived Climate Pollutant and air pollutant mitigation in nationally determined contributions

ABSTRACT Limiting global temperature increases to 1.5 °C while respecting ‘the right to health’ requires substantial reductions in Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs), including methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons, and co-emitted air pollutants. This study evaluates the inclusion of SLCP and air pollutant mitigation within Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) that were submitted between 2015 and 2022. Between pre- and post-2020 NDCs, explicit reference to SLCPs and air pollutant mitigation as priorities more than doubled, indicating a rise in policy attention to these pollutants. There was also a large increase in the percentage of countries including methane and HFCs within the scope of their overall GHG reduction targets, and three countries include explicit black carbon reduction targets. With respect to policy, there was a 45% increase in the number of specific mitigation measures included in NDCs post-2020. Hence, the number of countries with implicit reductions in SLCPs and other air pollutants covered in their NDCs is now also substantially larger compared to pre-2020, due to greater inclusion of mitigation measures that reduce SLCPs and air pollutants alongside (other) GHGs. Key policy insights Local benefits for human health from air pollution improvements is a key priority for more countries in post-2020 NDCs compared to earlier NDC reporting. Many countries now include specific mitigation measures in NDCs that can simultaneously reduce SLCPs and co-emitted air pollutants alongside GHGs, helping to achieve local air quality and health improvements. To demonstrate the achievement of local air pollutant and SLCP reductions, countries focusing on NDC implementation should ensure air pollutants and SLCPs are integrated into climate change monitoring frameworks. Post-2020 NDCs provide many clear examples of how inclusion of SLCPs and air pollutants can both increase climate change mitigation ambition and achieve local development benefits, which could be adopted in other countries.
Habitual Tea Consumption and Risk of Cataracts: A Longitudinal Study

We aimed to investigate the association between habitual tea consumption and the risk of developing cataracts in a large community-based cohort study. We prospectively collected volunteers from 29 recruitment centers that were ≧ 55 years old with no history of cataracts at the beginning of the study. There were 12,080 participants with available information in our study and were divided into two groups according to habitual tea consumption; non-tea-drinking and tea-drinking groups. The mean age was 59 years. Compared to the non-tea-drinking group, the tea-drinking group had a significantly lower incidence of developing cataracts (15.5% vs 12.1%) during follow-up of 46 months. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the relative risk (RR) of incident cataracts was lower in the tea-drinking group than the non-tea-drinking group (RR = 0.848; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.751 to 0.957). Participants with ≧ 2 cups per day were associated with almost 16% reduction in the risk of developing cataracts compared with the non-tea-drinking group (RR = 0.844; 95% CI = 0.741 to 0.961). Our study suggests that habitual tea consumption can reduce the incidence of cataracts and raises the possibility that the tea content may slow the progression of cataracts.
Comment on "Distinguishing Classical and Quantum Models for the D-Wave Device"

The SSSV model is a simple classical model that achieves excellent correlation with published experimental data on the D-Wave machine's behavior on random instances of its native problem, thus raising questions about how "quantum" the D-Wave machine is at large scales. In response, a recent preprint by Vinci et al. proposes a particular set of instances on which the D-Wave machine behaves differently from the SSSV model. In this short note, we explain how a simple modeling of systematic errors in the machine allows the SSSV model to reproduce the behavior reported in the experiments of Vinci et al.
Post common envelope binaries from SDSS. XII : the orbital period distribution

Context. The complexity of the common-envelope phase and of magnetic stellar wind braking currently limits our understanding of close binary evolution. Because of their intrinsically simple structure, observational population studies of white dwarf plus main sequence (WDMS) binaries can potentially test theoretical models and constrain their parameters. Aims. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has provided a large and homogeneously selected sample of WDMS binaries, which we characterise in terms of orbital and stellar parameters. Methods. We have obtained radial velocity information for 385 WDMS binaries from follow-up spectroscopy and for an additional 861 systems from the SDSS subspectra. Radial velocity variations identify 191 of these WDMS binaries as post common-envelope binaries (PCEBs). Orbital periods of 58 PCEBs were subsequently measured, predominantly from time-resolved spectroscopy, bringing the total number of SDSS PCEBs with orbital parameters to 79. Observational biases inherent to this PCEB sample were evaluated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Results. We find that 21-24% of all SDSS WDMS binaries have undergone common-envelope evolution, which is in good agreement with published binary population models and high-resolution HST imaging of WDMS binaries unresolved from the ground. The bias-corrected orbital period distribution of PCEBs ranges from 1.9 h to 4.3 d and approximately follows a normal distribution in log (Porb), peaking at ∼10.3 h. There is no observational evidence for a significant population of PCEBs with periods in the range of days to weeks. Conclusions. The large and homogeneous sample of SDSS WDMS binaries provides the means to test fundamental predictions of binary population models, hence to observationally constrain the evolution of all close compact binaries. © 2011 ESO.