Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An independent validation reveals the potential to predict Hagberg–Perten falling number using spectrometers

The Hagberg–Perten falling number (HFN) method is the international standard used to evaluate the damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain quality due to preharvest sprouting (PHS) and late maturity alpha‐amylase (LMA). However, the HFN test requires specialized laboratory facilities and is time consuming. Spectrometers were known as a potential tool for quick HFN assessment, but none of the studies have validated the assessment results across different datasets. In this study, an independent validation was conducted using independent samples and spectral instruments. The calibration set had 462 grain samples of 92 varieties grown at 24 locations in 2019 and examined using a near‐infrared spectrometer. In the validation set, 19 varieties collected from 10 locations in 2 years that experienced either PHS or LMA were scanned with a hyperspectral camera. The association between spectra and HFN was modeled by partial least square regression. As a result, the independent validation correlation accuracy was r = 0.72 and a mean absolute error of 56 s. Furthermore, this study showed a cost‐effective alternative using only 10 spectral bands to predict HFN, and it achieved better performance than the full spectrum of the hyperspectral system. In conclusion, this is the first study that showed the potential that wheat HFN could be predicted on an independent dataset measured by a different instrument. The result suggested that spectrometers can potentially serve as a faster alternative for plant breeders to develop varieties resistant to PHS and LMA, and for growers to screen damaged grains in transportation processes.
Hydraulic Model of Dam Break Using Navier Stokes Equation with Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Approach

 Abstract—The liquid flow and the free surface shape during the initial stage of dam breaking are investigated. A numerical scheme is developed to predict the wave of an unsteady, incompressible viscous flow with free surface. The method involves a two dimensional finite element (2D), in a vertical plan. The Naiver-Stokes equations for conservation of momentum and mass for Newtonian fluids, continuity equation, and full nonlinear kinematic free-surface equation, were used as the governing equations. The mapping developed to solve highly deformed free surface problems common in waves formed during wave propagation, transforms the run up model from the physical domain to a computational domain with Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) finite element modeling technique. fluid columns of semi-cylindrical and hemispherical shapes, and showed that these asymptotic are not valid close to the base, where the fluid velocity is much higher than in the rest of the column. The numerical solution for free surfaces has been developed using three defined theories: 1) Lagrangian; 2) Eulerian; 3) Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian description. For waves in particular, the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian is superior in terms of handling high distortion in the grids. To have a versatile description of the fluid domain, it is necessary to have a method with the benefits of both Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions, without their deficiencies. Such a method, developed in the last two decades, is the "Arbitrary Lagrangian- Eulerian formulation" in which grid points may be moved with the fluid in normal Lagrangian description. This method allows the grids move independent of the fluid motion.
Evaluation of Pattern of Relapse in Luminal Breast Cancer

Background : The most common molecular subtype of breast cancer worldwide is luminal breast cancer. It has shown a good prognostic pro ﬁ le compared to other types. Despite the immense development of adjuvant treatment in the past years, around 20% of patients with early-stage disease relapse. Aim of the study : To evaluate the relapse pattern in luminal breast cancer and the correlation between luminal types and (AJCC 8th edition). Subject and methods : A total of 230 luminal breast cancer patients treated at Al-Hussein University Hospital between 2013 and 2018 were analyzed. Patients have been divided into the following groups: luminal A (31%) and B (32.6%), luminal B HER2 þ ve (18.6%), and luminal UC (17.3%). Results : The median follow-up was 66.7 months, and the relapse rate of luminal breast cancer was 27.8%. Although statistically not signi ﬁ cant, luminal A had the lowest relapse rate (19.4%), while luminal B (36%), HER2 positive luminal B (23.2%), and luminal UC (32.5%) ( P ¼ 0.117). The predominant organ relapse was bone (29.6%) mainly observed in luminal A and B, 35.7% and 32.3% of patients respectively ( P ¼ 0.048). Luminal Correlation with the AJCC staging system was signi ﬁ cant, luminal A was most often observed in early stages with 81.9% presented in Stages I to II ( P ¼ 0.008). Conclusion : Luminal breast cancer has a wide discrepancy in relapse rate and pattern. Luminal A seems to have the best prognosis for DFS. Ki-67% and HER2 testing would give a prognostic factor in luminal subcategorization and could be bene ﬁ cial in the intensi ﬁ cation of adjuvant therapy.
Protective mechanisms of intra- and extracellular polysaccharides from Schizophyllum commune on H2O2-induced oxidative damage of human skin fibroblasts

ABSTRACT Schizophyllum commune is a fungus with applications both in medicine and foods, which produces IPS and EPS. However, there is no comparative study on the activity comparison of IPS and EPS and its mechanism of antioxidant effect. In this study, the antioxidant activities of the two polysaccharides were measured in biochemical, cellular and molecular levels, and H2O2 induced oxidative damage model of HSFs was established to explore the protective effects of EPS and IPS. We found IPS and EPS both achieved a good antioxidant effect. They can also improve the cellular levels of SOD and reduce MDA. Insights regarding the molecular mechanism were studied, we found that both EPS and IPS could increase the expression of Nrf2 in Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. At the same time, they could inhibit the expression of the negative feedback gene Keap1 and promote the expression of downstream gene GCLC, Gstt-1, Nqo1 and Ho-1.
Dynamic capabilities and employment during COVID-19: The moderating effect of government support

Although small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were particularly hard hit by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some performed relatively well, maintaining or increasing employment growth. We study these differences in performance through the lens of dynamic capabilities (DCs) theory, which we extend by incorporating the moderating effect of government support during COVID-19. We analyse responses from 1421 UK SMEs and find that government support and DCs positively impact employment. We also show that government support moderates the link between DCs and employment with a negative effect after the first COVID-19 lockdown. The findings highlight the role of government policy intervention in discouraging SMEs from effectively exercising DCs during a crisis and the general importance of DCs and government support in enabling SMEs to cope with shocks.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Related Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus infection is related with an increased risk of hematological malignancy principally, non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas are acquired immunodeficiency syndrome defining and constitute greater than 50% of all acquired immunodeficiency syndrome defining cancers. The main pathogenesis mechanisms are immunodeficiency, chronic antigenic stimulation, and the ability to infect cancer cells causing direct carcinogenesis. Human immunodeficiency virus related non-Hodgkin lymphomas are heterogeneous in immunophenotyping and molecular features; and choice of drug treatments is similar with sporadic types. The main objective is to assess the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and morphology of human immunodeficiency virus related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The searching strategy was done by searching relevant original and review articles from www.biosemanticjane/org, Google scholar, Google, and PubMed sites using keywords like; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Human immunodeficiency virus, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In conclusion, human immunodeficiency virus infected people continue to have elevated risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas are the most common and severe subtype. The pathogenesis of this type of lymphoma is associated with chromosomal abnormalities that deregulate the expression of various oncogenes by different viral particles and cytokines. However, the role of these viral particles and cytokines on pathogenesis is not clearly stated, so further study could be required.
A Potential Predictability Study Conducted with an Atmospheric General Circulation Model

Abstract This paper describes a potential predictability study on the results of a 20.5 year simulation conducted with the Canadian Climate Centre (CCC) General Circulation Model (GCM). The CCC GCM is an atmosphere GCM with surface hydrology, soil moisture and snow cover representations. Except for these terms, the only source of interannual variability in the CCC GCM-simulated climate is “internal” dynamics. The study addresses the question of whether an atmospheric GCM of this sort can simulate interannual variability which is potentially predictable in a statistical sense. Strong evidence is found for potential predictability of 500 mb height and surface pressure in the December, January, February (DJF) season of the simulated climate, and somewhat weaker evidence in the March, April, May (MAM) season. There is little evidence of potential predictability during the other seasons. The evidence does not indicate that potential predictability is related to the presence of surface hydrology, soil moisture .
ADAMTS Proteases: Importance in Animal Reproduction

Many reproductive physiological processes, such as folliculogenesis, ovulation, implantation, and fertilization, require the synthesis, remodeling, and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs) family genes code for key metalloproteinases in the remodeling process of different ECM. Several genes of this family encode for proteins with important functions in reproductive processes; in particular, ADAMTS1, 4, 5 and 9 are genes that are differentially expressed in cell types and the physiological stages of reproductive tissues. ADAMTS enzymes degrade proteoglycans in the ECM of the follicles so that the oocytes can be released and regulate follicle development during folliculogenesis, favoring the action of essential growth factors, such as FGF-2, FGF-7 and GDF-9. The transcriptional regulation of ADAMTS1 and 9 in preovulatory follicles occurs because of the gonadotropin surge in preovulatory follicles, via the progesterone/progesterone receptor complex. In addition, in the case of ADAMTS1, pathways involving protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) might contribute to ECM regulation. Different Omic studies indicate the importance of genes of the ADAMTS family from a reproductive aspect. ADAMTS genes could serve as biomarkers for genetic improvement and contribute to enhance fertility and animal reproduction; however, more research related to these genes, the synthesis of proteins encoded by these genes, and regulation in farm animals is needed.
Three-Step Iteration Schemes with Errors for Generalized Asymptotically Quasi-nonexpansive Mappings

In this paper, we introduce new 3-step iteration schemes with errors for approximating the common fixed-point of 3 generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings and prove some strong convergence results for the iterativesequences with errors in real Banach spaces. The results obtained in this paper extend and improve some results announced by Lan [H.Y. Lan,Common fixed-point iterative processes with errors for generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings, Comput. Math. Appl. 52(2006), 1403-1412. ]
The Impact of Financial Literacy on Debt Behavior of Households: Evidence from Micro Data

While several papers have focused on the effect of financial literacy on household retirement savings or investment choices, this paper is devoted to its impact on households’ debt behavior. We utilize Slovak household finance and consumer survey (HFCS) microdata to analyze the impact of the objective level of financial literacy on Slovak households ́ debt behavior. We find that Slovak households display different debt behavior with respect to varying levels of financial literacy. We focus on high-cost credit products and find that a household ́s financial literacy does not have a statistically significant impact on the probability of having an outstanding balance of non-mortgage or credit debt. However, we find that younger households with higher incomes dispose of a higher probability of having an outstanding balance of non-mortgage or credit debt while being more credit-constrained and less able to save from their monthly income compared to more financially literate households. Thus, we may consider households with an outstanding balance of non-mortgage or credit debt to be more financially vulnerable, as they are more frequently engaging with high-cost credit products with a lower ability to save and with a higher probability of being credit constrained. This behavior may lead to a significant decrease in their ability to face unexpected internal or external adverse shocks.
Performance Analysis of Two Famous Cryptographic Algorithms on Mixed Data

: The rapid development of digital data sharing has made information security a crucial concern in data communication. The information security system heavily relies on encryption methods. These algorithms employ strategies to increase data secrecy and privacy by obscuring the information, which only those parties who have the accompanying key can decode or decrypt. Nevertheless, these methods also use a lot of computational resources, including battery life, memory, and CPU time. So, to determine the optimal algorithm to utilize moving forward, it is necessary to assess the performance of various cryptographic algorithms. Therefore, this study evaluates two well-known cryptographies (RSA and ElGamal) using mixed data such as binary, text, and image files. CPU internal clock was used to obtain the time complexity used by both algorithms during encryption and decryption. The algorithms used CPU internal memory to obtain memory usage during the encryption and decryption of mixed data. Evaluation criteria such as encryption time, decryption time, and throughput were used to compare these encryption algorithms. The response time, confidentiality, bandwidth, and integrity are all factors in the cryptography approach. The results revealed that RSA is a time-efficient and resourceful model, while the ElGamal algorithm is a memory-efficient and resourceful model.
Deep Learning-Based Joint Pilot Design and Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems

We propose a non-uniform joint pilot design and channel estimation (JPDCE) scheme in closed-loop orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Specifically, the encoder of the proposed JPDCE scheme is composed of two sub-networks which are used for pilot location assignment and pilot power allocation, respectively. To ensure accurate learning of the pilots, the OFDM block consisting of intelligently customized layers is designed to constrain the output of the encoder. Furthermore, the decoder is used to learn the channel state information (CSI) based on the output of OFDM layers by minimizing the mean square error (MSE) of the channel estimation. The numerical results indicate that the JPDCE scheme considerably outperforms the traditional methods as well as two state-of-the-art deep learning (DL)-based ones, demonstrating its excellent ability to learn the statistical characteristics of the wireless channel. In addition, we demonstrate that the JPDCE scheme shows excellent robustness against various channel distortion and interference: when 1) there are limited pilots; 2) the cyclic prefix (CP) is removed; and/or 3) clipping noise is introduced.
Profil keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA pada materi perubahan lingkungan berbasis strategi metakognitif

Pembelajaran abad-21 diharapkan dapat mempersiapkan siswa menguasai berbagai keterampilan, sehingga menjadi pribadi yang sukses. Penerapan strategi metakognitif penting untuk membantu siswa dalam merencanakan strategi pembelajaran yang efektif, memantau proses pembelajaran mereka, dan menilai keadaan pemahaman mereka sehingga dapat menumbuhkan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas X SMAN 2 Mranggen. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive random sampling dengan total sampel sebanyak 36 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam bentuk tes tertulis mengacu pada indikator berpikir kritis yang dikembangkan oleh Ennis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan tes tertulis. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif sederhana Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi tertinggi kemampuan berpikir kritis terdapat pada indikator memberikan penjelasan sederhana dengan rata-rata kemampuan siswa sebesar 82,85. Sementara kontribusi terendah terdapat pada indikator mengatur strategi dan teknik dengan kemampuan siswa sebesar 55,71%. Kesimpulan berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data menurut skor masing-masing siswa menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas X MIPA SMAN 2 Mranggen mempunyai nilai rata-rata keterampilan berpikir kritis dalam kategori rendah. Abstract. 21st century learning is expected to prepare students to master various skills, so that they become successful individuals. The application of metacognitive strategies is important to assist students in planning effective learning strategies, monitoring their learning process, and assessing their state of understanding so as to cultivate critical thinking skills. This study aims to determine the critical thinking skills of class X students of SMAN 2 Mranggen. Sampling using purposive random sampling with a total sample of 36 students. The instrument used in the form of a written test refers to critical thinking indicators developed by Ennis. Data collection techniques used were observation and written tests. The results showed that in general the critical thinking skills of students at SMAN 2 Mranggen were in the low category with an average score of 61.83 out of 5 indicators. The highest contribution of critical thinking skills is in the indicator of giving simple explanations with an average student ability of 82.85. While the lowest contribution is found in the indicators of managing strategies and techniques with a student's ability of 55.71%. Conclusions based on research results and data analysis according to each student's score show that class X MIPA students of SMAN 2 Mranggen have an average score of critical thinking skills in the low category. The results of the research are used as material for developing metacognitive-based teaching modules on the concept of environmental change to improve students' critical thinking skills.
Artificial intelligence-driven malware detection framework for internet of things environment

The Internet of Things (IoT) environment demands a malware detection (MD) framework for protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access. The study intends to develop an image-based MD framework. The authors apply image conversion and enhancement techniques to convert malware binaries into RGB images. You only look once (Yolo V7) is employed for extracting the key features from the malware images. Harris Hawks optimization is used to optimize the DenseNet161 model to classify images into malware and benign. IoT malware and Virusshare datasets are utilized to evaluate the proposed framework’s performance. The outcome reveals that the proposed framework outperforms the current MD framework. The framework generates the outcome at an accuracy and F1-score of 98.65 and 98.5 and 97.3 and 96.63 for IoT malware and Virusshare datasets, respectively. In addition, it achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristics and the precision-recall curve of 0.98 and 0.85 and 0.97 and 0.84 for IoT malware and Virusshare datasets, accordingly. The study’s outcome reveals that the proposed framework can be deployed in the IoT environment to protect the resources.
Cracking susceptibility of maraging parts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing: study on the powder characteristics and baseplate preheating influence

ABSTRACT Maraging steel 300 processed by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is widely used for manufacturing inserts and moulds with conformal cooling channels. For such applications, high fracture toughness and strength are required to withstand thermal fatigue and any defect like pores, lack of fusion and cracks should be avoided so that the durability of the mould is not reduced. Maraging steel is prone to be cracked due to thermal gradients which arise during PBF-LB/M. Moreover, it was recently observed that slight variations in composition led to the crack’s presence, which implied lower mechanical properties. In this study, two powder batches, from the same powder producer, were employed with the same processing parameters. The effect of small changes in minor elements composition of the powder batch on cracking was studied and the preheating temperature was varied to significantly reduce the crack density. The presence of cracks significantly reduced the ductility of the parts.
Acceptor Engineering Produces Ultrafast Nonradiative Decay in NIR-II Aza-BODIPY Nanoparticles for Efficient Osteosarcoma Photothermal Therapy via Concurrent Apoptosis and Pyroptosis

Small-molecule photothermal agents (PTAs) with intense second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1,000 to 1,700 nm) absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are promising candidates for treating deep-seated tumors such as osteosarcoma. To date, the development of small-molecule NIR-II PTAs has largely relied on fabricating donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D/D′) structures and limited success has been achieved. Herein, through acceptor engineering, a donor–acceptor–acceptor (D–A–A′)-structured NIR-II aza-boron-dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) PTA (SW8) was readily developed for the 1,064-nm laser-mediated phototheranostic treatment of osteosarcoma. Changing the donor groups to acceptor groups produced remarkable red-shifts of absorption maximums from first near-infrared (NIR-I) regions (~808 nm) to NIR-II ones (~1,064 nm) for aza-BODIPYs (SW1 to SW8). Furthermore, SW8 self-assembled into nanoparticles (SW8@NPs) with intense NIR-II absorption and an ultrahigh PCE (75%, 1,064 nm). This ultrahigh PCE primarily originated from an additional nonradiative decay pathway, which showed a 100-fold enhanced decay rate compared to that shown by conventional pathways such as internal conversion and vibrational relaxation. Eventually, SW8@NPs performed highly efficient 1,064-nm laser-mediated NIR-II photothermal therapy of osteosarcoma via concurrent apoptosis and pyroptosis. This work not only illustrates a remote approach for treating deep-seated tumors with high spatiotemporal control but also provides a new strategy for building high-performance small-molecule NIR-II PTAs.