Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motility of the pelvic colon: Part IV Abdominal pain associated with colonic hypermotility after meals

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This paper defines a syndrome of abdominal pain associated with colonic hypermotility after meals. These are patients with 'x-ray negative dyspepsias', with discomfort, flatulence, and sometimes quite severe pain, particularly after food, in whom can be shown markedly overactive motility of the colon; these patients also develop exceptionally high pressures in the sigmoid colon. The movement of faeces through the colon is paradoxically slowed down by this abnormal colonic smooth muscle reaction. These patients constitute a subdivision of the clinical group often referred to as suffering from spastic colon.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Colitis-associated cancer is a classical inflammation-driven cancer in which constitutive NFκB and STAT3 activation drive tumorigenesis. Recent findings published by Liang et al. in Cancer Cell demonstrate that sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)-mediated upregulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) drives a persistent NFκB/IL-6/STAT3/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) amplification loop that is critical to the development of chronic colitis and colitis-associated cancer. FTY720, an antagonist of S1PR1, abolished persistent NFκB/IL-6/STAT3 signaling and reduced the development and progression of colitis-associated cancer. Targeting SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 may provide a therapeutic option to prevent the progression of colitis to cancer.
Anatomy of the Crura of the Diaphragm and the Surgery of Hiatus Hernia

The aim of this work was to improve operative technique in the control of gastric reflux in hiatus hernia by more exact anatomical knowledge. During dissections to establish the nerve supply of the crura (Collis, Satchwell, and Abrams, 1954) it became obvious that there were points in the anatomy of the area which had not been fully described and were not generally appreciated. It seemed reasonable to presume that the anatomical arrangements were designed for a functional result and that deductions could be made from this study about the mechanism of the oesophageal hiatus.
Factors Influencing Utilization of Health Services in Kenya: The Case of Homa Bay County

In order to improve efficiency in health service delivery in Kenya, the Ministry of Health has developed structures through inter-sectoral collaboration at various levels. Despite efforts by the government and key stakeholders to improve health sector, utilization of health services still remains a major challenge. The purpose of the study was to investigate factors that influence utilization of health services in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The study employed survey design and focused on health beneficiaries, District Health Management Team and other key health stakeholders, and used both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was collected through household interviews of 384 respondents and qualitative data was generated through Key Informant Interviews of 16 respondents. The study reveals that health financing, service delivery, quality, accessibility and equity influence utilization of health services in Homa Bay County. It is for these reasons that the study recommends that the government should allocate adequate budget towards health services, avail adequate trained health workers, and improve infrastructure in health facilities as well as drugs and other supplies. There is also need for further research on cultural factors influencing utilization of health services.
Prognostic value of a history of hypertension in 11483 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis

Objective To assess the prognostic value of a history of hypertension in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with thrombolysis. Design Retrospective adjusted analysis of outcome data of patients with AMI randomly allocated to treatment in a controlled study of alteplase versus streptokinase and heparin versus no heparin. Setting A highly representative sample (about 90%) of Italian Coronary Care Units. Patients Patients with (n=3306) and without (n=7406) a history of treated hypertension. Main outcome measures Morbidity and mortality during hospital stay and the next 6 months. Results Patients with a history of hypertension had a significantly higher mortality, both in hospital and during the next 6 months. The difference persisted also after a multivariate analysis including all major prognostic factors for in-hospital and 6-month mortality, respectively. Left ventricular failure and recurrent ischaemic events (angina and re-infarction) were also significantly more frequent in hypertensives both during their hospital stay and during follow-up study. Conclusions A history of hypertension is a negative independent prognostic factor after acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis.
MORTALITY PATTERNS FOLLOWING INTERNAL FIXATION FOR ACUTE FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES IN THE ELDERLY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON POTENTIAL EXCESS MORTALITY FOLLOWING REOPERATIONS

Mortality patterns and excess mortality have been studied and quantified in 103 patients treated with internal fixation for acute, displaced femoral neck fractures with special emphasis on the potential excess mortality which may follow later operations for capital necrosis, failure of the osteosynthesis, etc. Of 103 patients studied 31 needed one or more reoperations. We have confirmed previously published reports that excess mortality is limited to the first six months after the primary operation. Quantification of the excess mortality which may follow reoperations shows that later operations are not followed by an increased death rate compared with the standard population.
Verletzungen, Schäden und Erkrankungsmuster bei Modernen Fünfkämpfer(inne)n der Weltklasse

: 108 world class athletes (54 males, 54 females) practicing modern pentathlon had been interviewed about their individual training and competition efforts as well as their sports related injuries, damages and diseases in the last world cup season using a standardized empirical questionnaire. The mean training extent was about 25 hours per week, the mean number of national and international competitions athletes made was 9, especially concerning swimming and running. Mean number of health threatening incidents of each athlete had been 2 with 41% diseases such as otitis and pharyngitis, 23% injuries such as contusions and distortions and 33% damages such as tendinitis, periostitis and strains. Head and neck involvement were more frequent than those of pelvis and the lower extremities. Training efforts were the most frequent reasons for health threatening events (84%), especially concerning diseases and damages, whereas most of the injuries happened during competitions (p<.01). Most of the injuries happened practicing horse riding during competitions (9%). Running was the most frequent reason for damages, whereas horse riding is the leading cause for injuries, furthermore damages and injuries are typical for fencing. Swimming is often associated with diseases. In contrary shooting did not show typically affiliated health threatening events. The incidence of health threatening incidents concerning world class athletes practicing modern pentathlon is quite low. Especially running and swimming combined with a high training extent empirically predisposed to suffer from damages and diseases. Horse riding with a quite low training extent and fencing show a higher incidence of injuries. From the training-methodological point of view the training extent should not be too extended. Due to a high number of diseases it may be profitable to be in attendance of an inner medicine physician.
The Effects of Age and Gender on the Optimal Premedication Dose of Intramuscular Midazolam

We conducted a double-blind study on the effects of age and gender on the optimal premedication dose of IM midazolam. We randomly divided 100 male and 100 female patients in each of three age groups: A = 20-39 yr, B = 40-59 yr, and C = 60-79 yr (total 600 patients) into five groups according to midazolam dosage: 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 mg/kg. Midazolam was injected IM with atropine 0.01 mg/kg 15 min before the induction of anesthesia. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), sedation level, tongue root depression, eyelash reflex, and anterograde amnesia were monitored. There were no significant differences between male and female patients in any variables in any age. Decrease of SpO2 and loss of eyelash reflex were seen with midazolam 0.10 mg/kg in Group A, and with 0.08 mg/kg in Group B. In Group C, decreases in BP and SpO2, loss of eyelash reflex, and depression of the tongue root were observed with midazolam 0.06 mg/kg. In conclusion, the optimal doses of IM midazolam administered 15 min before the induction of anesthesia in male or female patients were 0.08, 0.06, and 0.04 mg/kg for Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Implications: Midazolam is the most widely used preoperative anxiolytic drug. Our purpose was to evaluate the optimal dose of IM midazolam that would maximize the desired effects and minimize the side effects in a common clinical setting. Results indicate that age, but not gender, should affect the IM midazolam dose selected for premedication. (Anesth Analg 1998;86:1103-8)
Caracterization from hearing thresholds from dentists in a poulation from Curitiba city / PR, Brazil

Summary Introduction: The dentists are exposed to noise in their work place, being likely to develop of hearing loss neurosensory with induced characteristics by noise. Objective: Analyze the hearing thresholds from dentists characterizing them according to gender, age and time of service. Method: The form of the study is cross-section (or sectional), prospective, that analyzed the hearing thresholds from 115 dentists, through tone audiometry of 500 Hz to 8000 Hz by airway or bone conduction. Were analyzed the tonal hearing thresholds from the group of dentists by gender, regarding the age and time of service and applied statistical procedures for the edition of data. Results: Were observed average tonal hearing thresholds with configuration from acoustic notch, being more accentuated in the male gender. There is sensorineural hearing loss in 28 (24,34%) dentists, 8 (14,54%) between female gender and 20 (33,33%) between the male gender, the proportion of subjects with altered hearing is significantly bigger in the male gender (p = 0,0208). The tonal hearing thresholds for the male gender shown to be worse than in the females when analyzed by age and time of service, but the men were older and with more time of service than the women. Conclusion: The dentists presented sensorineural hearing loss with acoustic notch (being more present in the male gender) with worsening of hearing and time of service, especially after 21 years of work.
Imaging Spinal Cord Damage in Multiple Sclerosis

During the past 2 decades, the considerable improvement of magnetic resonance (MR) technology and the development of new MR strategies capable of providing an in vivo overall assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology have allowed us to obtain important novel pieces of information on disease evolution in the brain. However, despite this, the correlation between brain MR imaging metrics and clinical disability are still suboptimal. A reason for this discrepancy might be the involvement of clinically eloquent structures, such as the spinal cord, which owing to technical challenges have not been extensively studied using MR imaging until very recently. An objective and accurate estimate of the presence and extent of spinal cord damage might indeed contribute to increasing the strength of the correlations between clinical and MRI metrics. This review summarizes the main results obtained from the application of conventional and modern MR‐based techniques for the evaluation of spinal cord damage in MS.
Effective Treatment of Cobalamin Deficiency With Oral Cobalamin

Because cobalamin deficiency is routinely treated with parenteral cobalamin, we investigated the efficacy of oral therapy. We randomly assigned 38 newly diagnosed cobalamin deficient patients to receive cyanocobalamin as either 1 mg intramuscularly on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90 or 2 mg orally on a daily basis for 120 days. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by measuring hematologic and neurologic improvement and changes in serum levels of cobalamin (normal, 200 to 900 pg/mL) methylmalonic acid (normal, 73 to 271 nmol/L), and homocysteine (normal, 5.1 to 13.9 μmol/L). Five patients were subsequently found to have folate deficiency, which left 18 evaluable patients in the oral group and 15 in the parenteral group. Correction of hematologic and neurologic abnormalities was prompt and indistinguishable between the 2 groups. The mean pretreatment values for serum cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and homocysteine were, respectively, 93 pg/mL, 3,850 nmol/L, and 37.2 μmol/L in the oral group and 95 pg/mL, 3,630 nmol/L, and 40.0 μmol/L in the parenteral therapy group. After 4 months of therapy, the respective mean values were 1,005 pg/mL, 169 nmol/L, and 10.6 μmol/L in the oral group and 325 pg/mL, 265 nmol/L, and 12.2 μmol/L in the parenteral group. The higher serum cobalamin and lower serum methylmalonic acid levels at 4 months posttreatment in the oral group versus the parenteral group were significant, with P < . 0005 and P < . 05, respectively. In cobalamin deficiency, 2 mg of cyanocobalamin administered orally on a daily basis was as effective as 1 mg administered intramuscularly on a monthly basis and may be superior. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Study of Nutritional Status, Dietary Patterns, and Dietary Quality of Atopic Dermatitis Patients

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) continues to increase in the industrialized countries related to Western lifestyle and dietary patterns. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status, dietary patterns and dietary quality of AD patients. AD patients (n=50) and gender age matched healthy control (HC) were studied in case-control clinical trail. Preference and frequencies of consumption for 98 foods were estimated by questionnaires. Dietary pattern, current nutrients intake, and dietary quality were evaluated by the 3-day food records. As a result, anthropometric measurements from HC and AD patients were not significantly different. AD patients had significantly lower preference for buckwheat, some fishes (shellfish, flatfish, salmon), egg yolk, some vegetables (onion, garlic, Chinese-cabbage, radish, pepper, mushroom), coffee, and snack than those of HC had (p, vitamin (p, vitamin were lower than those of HC. AD patients' dietary quality including dietary diversity score (DDS), dietary variety score (DVS), DMGFV (dairy, meat, grain, fruit, vegetable), dietary quality index (DQI) was poor. This results indicate that atopic dermatitis patients had significantly different food preference and food frequency when these were compared with those of healthy people. The dietary diversity, dietary variety and dietary quality of atopic dermatitis patients were very limited.
Changes in laminar and dendritic organization of the cerebral cortex after traumatic brain injury.

Introduccion: El trauma craneoencefalico (TCE)es un fenomeno heterogeneo desde el punto de vista molecular, celular y en la respuesta clinica. Se considera que esta diversidad se debe a la intensidad de la injuria primaria, eventos secundarios asociados (hipoxia, isquemia, edema, inflamacion), al estado metabolico del paciente, su base genetica, edad, genero, etc. Para determinar la integridad anatomo-funcional de las celulas nerviosas es importante verificar el estado de la cito, dendroarquitectura y preservacion laminar como un requisito para garantizar conectividad. Objetivo: Valorar la respuesta de las neuronas al trauma con dos marcadores neuronales selectivos sensibles a la lesion NeuN y MAP2. Materiales y metodos: Se utilizaron muestras (4 de lobulo temporal y 2 de lobulo frontal) de 6 pacientes que habian sufrido TCE. Las muestras se fijaron en PLP, cortadas en vibratomo a 50 µm, incubadas con los anticuerpos NeuN y MAP2 y procesadas con el sistema avidina-biotina. Como control se utilizo tejido humano post-mortem. Resultados: La inmunorreactividad (IR) para NeuN fue anormal en todas las muestras, con sectores que mostraron IR ligeramente alterada, otros con perdida parcial de las capas supragranulares, sobre todo la lamina III y otros con perdida drastica de todas las laminas. La IR para MAP2 se altero en todas las muestras con diferentes grados de compromiso. Los procesos dendriticos fueron dificiles de seguir, especialmente los procedentes de la lamina V, los cuales se observaron tortuosos, fragmentados y con orientacion aberrante. Conclusiones: Con el proposito de conocer el estado de las neuronas despues de un evento lesivo se recomienda el uso de los marcadores NeuN y MAP2 complementarios a los metodos clasicos. El presente trabajo muestra la diversidad de respuestas histopatologicas en sectores adyacentes de una misma muestra con ambos marcadores, como un indicador de los diferentes estados de neurodegeneracion.
中学校保健体育科「医薬品の正しい使い方」授業プログラムの構築

: Under new courses of study, medicine-related content has been incorporated into health and physical education at junior high schools, and classes on the "Correct use of medicine" began as part of this content in 2012. Based on the "School Health and Safety Law" implemented in April 2009, health guidance provided by school physicians, pharmacists, and dentists has also been incorporated. This has raised expectations that educational programs concerning the "Correct use of medicine" could be effectively implemented through cooperation between school pharmacists and health and physical education teachers. In order to clarify current knowledge and awareness regarding the "Correct use of medicine" among students, as well as the guidance provided at schools, we conducted a training workshop for teachers at elementary and junior high schools in Gifu City. Based on the results, we developed a "Correct use of medicine" educational program. We then presented this program in a class with 40 third-year junior high school students on January 31, 2012. It consisted of an introduction (7 min), a development portion (35 min), and a conclusion (8 min). After the class, a question and answer session was held with observers (n=11) and a questionnaire survey, which resulted in high evaluations, was conducted on the students. Comments including concern over the large volume of educational content and the need to raise awareness were heard, but the results of the questionnaire survey showed that many students found the class content useful and interesting.
Otolith chemistry indicates recent worsened Baltic cod condition is linked to hypoxia exposure

Deoxygenation worldwide is increasing in aquatic systems with implications for organisms' biology, communities and ecosystems. Eastern Baltic cod has experienced a strong decline in mean body condition (i.e. weight at a specific length) over the past 20 years with effects on the fishery relying on this resource. The decrease in cod condition has been tentatively linked in the literature to increased hypoxic areas potentially affecting habitat range, but also to benthic prey and/or cod physiology directly. To date, no studies have been performed to test these mechanisms. Using otolith trace element microchemistry and hypoxia-responding metrics based on manganese (Mn) and magnesium (Mg), we investigated the relationship between fish body condition at capture and exposure to hypoxia. Cod individuals collected after 2000 with low body condition had a higher level of Mn/Mg in the last year of life, indicating higher exposure to hypoxic waters than cod with high body condition. Moreover, lifetime exposure to hypoxia was even more strongly correlated to body condition, suggesting that condition may reflect long-term hypoxia status. These results were irrespective of fish age or sex. This implies that as Baltic cod visit poor-oxygen waters, perhaps searching for benthic food, they compromise their own performance. This study specifically sheds light on the mechanisms leading to the low condition of cod and generally points to the impact of deoxygenation on ecosystems and fisheries.
Mechanisms and drivers of belemnite body-size dynamics across the Pliensbachian–Toarcian crisis

Body-size reduction is considered an important response to current climate warming and has been observed during past biotic crises, including the Pliensbachian–Toarcian crisis, a second-order mass extinction. However, in fossil cephalopod studies, the mechanisms and their potential link with climate are rarely investigated and palaeobiological scales of organization are not usually differentiated. Here, we hypothesize that belemnites reduce their adult size across the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary warming event. Belemnite body-size dynamics across the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary in the Peniche section (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal) were analysed based on the newly collected field data. We disentangle the mechanisms and the environmental drivers of the size fluctuations observed from the individual to the assemblage scale. Despite the lack of a major taxonomic turnover, a 40% decrease in rostrum volume is observed across the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary, before the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event where belemnites go locally extinct. The pattern is mainly driven by a reduction in adult size of the two dominant species, Pseudohastites longiformis and Passaloteuthis bisulcata. Belemnite-size distribution is best correlated with fluctuations in a palaeotemperature proxy (stable oxygen isotopes); however, potential indirect effects of volcanism and carbon cycle perturbations may also play a role. This highlights the complex interplay between environmental stressors (warming, deoxygenation, nutrient input) and biotic variables (productivity, competition, migration) associated with these hyperthermal events in driving belemnite body-size.
Measuring the Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on CO2 Emissions in Laos

Abstract: This paper aims to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions in Laos by accounting for the significant role played by foreign direct investment (FDI) in influencing CO2 emissions during the period 1990–2017. We apply a Johansen co-integration testing approach to investigate the presence of co-integration, and the empirical findings underscore the presence of a long-run co-integration relationship between CO2 emissions, FDI, per capita GDP, and industrial structure. We also employ an error-correcting model to examine the short-term dynamic effect of FDI on CO2 emissions. The empirical results show that FDI has a significant short-term dynamic effect on changes in CO2 emissions, indicating that the relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions is an inverted U-shaped curve. This is a validation of the EKC. Changes of FDI, per capita GDP, and industrial structure increase CO2 emissions. Based on the analysis results, this paper puts forward policy suggestions emphasizing the need for both Laotian policymakers and Chinese investors to improve eco-environmental quality.