Fasulye antraknozu (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Sacc. & Magnus) Lambs. Scrib.) hastalığına dayanıklılığın kalıtımı üzerine araştırmalar

2004 yilinda Carsamba Ovasi (Terme, Tekkekoy, Carsamba) ve Ladik ilcesindeki 50 koyden toplanmis olanhastalikli bitki materyallerinden (bakla) 5 izolat elde edilmistir. 2004 yilinda yurt disindan irk tespiti icin getirtilmisolan 12'lik antraknoz ayrim setine, 2005 yilinda sera ve laboratuar kosullarinda 210C'de, % 92-100 nemde, 1.2 x 106spor/ml spor suspansiyonu puskurtulerek izolatlarin hangi irklar oldugu belirlenmistir. 1. ve 5. izolatlarin delta (? ), 2.ve 3. izolatlarin beta (s) ve 4. izolatin alfa (? ) irki oldugu tespit edilmistir. 16 taze fasulye cesidinin dayaniklilik veduyarlilik durumunu tespit etmek icin de 5 izolat hem sera ve hem de laboratuar kosullarinda puskurtme yontemiyleinokule edilmistir. Karaayse cesidi disinda diger cesitlerin tumu hastaliktan etkilenmis ve herhangi bir dayaniklilikgostermemistir. Karaayse cesidinde tekrarlanan tarla ve laboratuar inokulasyonlari, bu cesitte de tam bir dayaniklilikbulunmadigini ortaya koymustur. Duyarli cesit olarak Gina ve Yalova-5; dayanikli cesit olarak da (s) irkina dayanikliolan Widusa, Kaboon ve Cornell 49-242 cesitleri resiprokal bicimde melezlenmistir. 12 kombinasyonda yapilanmelezleme calismalari sonucunda 8 kombinasyondan 552 adet F1 tohumu alinmistir. 2006 yili ilkbaharinda butohumlardan 314 F1 bitkisi elde edilmistir. F1 melez bitkileri seraya aktarilip, bir kismi 16 kombinasyonda ana vebaba ebeveynle geriye melezlenmis ve bir kismi da kendilenerek F2 tohumlari elde edilmistir. 2006 yili sonbaharinda,860 geriye melezleme tohumu ve kendileme sonucu elde edilmis olan F2 tohumlarinin bir kismi viyollere ekilerekbeta (s) irkiyla sera kosullarinda puskurtme yontemiyle inokule edilmistir. Irk tespitinde ve taze fasulye cesitlerinininokulasyonunda oldugu gibi 0-9 skalasina gore ve 5-7 gun sonra degerlendirmeler yapilmistir. Gina x Widusa,Widusa x Gina, Gina x Kaboon, Kaboon x Gina, Yalova-5 x Cornell 49-242 melezlerinin F2 generasyonlarindan `3dayanikli : 1 duyarli' ayrim orani elde edilmis ve antraknoz hastaligina dayanikliligin tek dominant bir genlesaglandigi gorulmustur. Gina x Cornell 49-242 melezinde, F2 generasyonunda `9 dayanikli : 7 duyarli' ayrim oranielde edilmis ve dayaniklilik tamamlayici gen etkisi ile kontrol edilmistir. Yalova-5 x Widusa ve Widusa x Yalova-5melezlerinde ise F2 generasyonlarinda '13 dayanikli: 3 duyarli' ayrim orani sonucu bu kombinasyonlarda antraknozhastaligina karsi dayanikliligin bir dominant ve bir resesif gen tarafindan kontrol edildigi belirlenmis ve ortucu genetkisi bulunmustur. Fasulyede antraknoza dayanikliligin kalitimi icin genetik kaynagin, duyarlilik gosterenebeveynle, inokulasyon icin kullanilmis patojen irka bagimli oldugu gorulmustur. abstract5 isolates were obtained from diseased plant materials collected from 50 villages in the Carsamba plain (Terme, Tekkekoy andCarsamba locations) and Ladik county in the year of 2004. the anthracnose race differantial set was brought from abroad in the year2004. Isolates represented pathogenic races were determined through spraying the 1.2x106 spore/ml suspension on them at thetemperature 210C and relative humidity 92-100 % under the greenhouse and laboratory conditions in the year 2005. It wasestablished that 1th and 5th isolates were delta (? ), 2th and 3th isolates were beta (s) and 4th isolate was alfa (? ) races. 5 isolates wereinoculated by spraying under both greenhouse and laboratory conditions to determine the susceptibility and resistance levels of the16 fresh bean cultivars. Karaayse cultivar showed resistance against all isolates under the greenhouse conditions whereas all othercultivars were susceptible. Karaayse cultivar was inoculated with 5 isolates again since that it exhibited different reactions in thegreenhouse and laboratory conditions and this cultivar was not determined a complete resistance Reciprocal hybridization studieswere accomplished among Gina and Yalova-5 cultivars which were susceptible and Widusa, Kaboon and Cornell 49-242 cultivarswhich were resistant to beta (s) race. 552 F1 seeds were obtained from the 8 combinations as result of the hybridization studies with12 combinations. F1 seeds were seeded into plastic cells and 314 F1 plants were obtained in the year 2006. Then F1 plants weretransferred to greenhouse and some of them were back-crossed with the father and mother parents in 16 combinations and some ofthem were selfed and F2 seeds were obtained. Some of the F2 seeds obtained from selfing and 860 seeds obtained from backcrossingwere seeded into plastic cells and were inoculated with beta (s) race under greenhouse conditions during the autumn seasonof year 2006. Evaluations were made according to a 0-9 scale after 5-7 days following the same method used to determine the racesand in inoculations of the fresh bean cultivars. 3:1 difference rate was obtained from F2 generations of Gina x Widusa, Widusa xGina, Gina x Kaboon, Kaboon x Gina, Yalova-5 x Cornell 49-242 hybrids and it was established that resistance against anthracnosedisease was controlled by a single dominant gene. In addition it was determined that there was 9:7 differentiation rate in the F2generation of the Gina x Cornell hybrids and resistance was controlled by complementary gene effect. 13:3 difference rate wasobtained from F2 generations of Yalova-5 x Widusa and Widusa x Yalova-5 hybrids and it was concluded that resistance againstanthracnose disease of bean was controlled by 1 dominant and 1 recessive genes and Covering gene effect was found. On the otherhand, it was shown that genetic source depended on the parent showing sensitivity and physiological pathogen race used forinoculation in respect to inheritance of resistance in bean.