Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thalamocortical Projections Are Significantly Impaired in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease

Abstract As Huntington’s disease (HD) progresses, there is a significant loss of neurons in the striatum in addition to a distinct thinning of the cerebral cortex. Despite an early presence of sensorimotor deficits in patients with HD, electrophysiological studies designed to assess the integrity of thalamocortical circuits are sparse. Using the R6/2 mouse model of HD, we provide evidence of reduced connectivity between thalamic cells and their targeted cortical regions. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from ventral anterolateral nucleus (VAL; motor) and ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM; somatosensory) thalamic neurons in ex vivo brain slices of R6/2 and wild-type (WT) mice revealed that cells in both thalamic nuclei of R6/2 mice exhibited significant differences in passive and active cell membrane properties (smaller cell membrane capacitances, faster decay time constants and increased input resistances) compared with WT cells. Although only cells in the VPM of symptomatic R6/2 mice had more depolarized resting membrane potentials compared with WTs, cells in both nuclei displayed increased excitability in symptomatic, but not presymptomatic, R6/2 mice. Optical activation of VAL and VPM terminals elicited smaller magnitude current responses in cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs) in both motor cortex (M1CTX) and somatosensory barrel cortex (BCTX) of symptomatic R6/2 mice compared with CPNs in WT mice. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the frequency of thalamocortical excitatory quantal events in R6/2 BCTX CPNs, with no genotype-dependent differences in AMPA:NMDA response amplitude ratios. These data suggest there is a decrease in the transmission of thalamocortical information that is likely because of impaired neurotransmitter release.
Antibacterial‐associated acute kidney injury among older adults: A post‐marketing surveillance study using the FDA adverse events reporting system

Antibacterials induce a differential risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in older adults. This study investigated the reporting risk of AKI associated with antibacterials using the individual case safety reports (ICSRs) submitted to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.
Effect of body mass index on surgical site wound infection, mortality, and postoperative hospital stay in subjects undergoing possibly curative surgery for colorectal cancer: A meta‐analysis

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of body mass index on surgical site wound infection, mortality, and postoperative hospital stay in subjects undergoing possibly curative surgery for colorectal cancer. A systematic literature search up to March 2022 was performed and 2247 subjects with possibly curative surgery for colorectal cancer at the baseline of the studies; 2889 of them were obese, and 9358 were non‐obese. Odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of body mass index on surgical site wound infection, mortality, and postoperative hospital stay in subjects undergoing possibly curative surgery for colorectal cancer using the dichotomous or contentious methods with a random or fixed‐effect model. The obese subjects had a significantly higher surgical site wound infection after colorectal surgery (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.62‐2.15, P < .001), and higher mortality (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.07‐2.32, P = .02) in subjects with possibly curative surgery for colorectal cancer compared with non‐obese. However, obese did not show any significant difference in postoperative hospital stay (MD, 0.81; 95% CI, −0.030 to 1.92, P = .15) compared with non‐obese in subjects with possibly curative surgery for colorectal cancer. The obese subjects had a significantly higher surgical site wound infection after colorectal surgery, higher mortality, and no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay compared with non‐obese in subjects with possibly curative surgery for colorectal cancer. The analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low number of studies in certain comparisons.
Computationally-defined markers of uncertainty aversion predict emotional responses during a global pandemic

Exposure to stressful life events involving threat and uncertainty often results in the development of anxiety. However, the factors that confer risk and resilience for anxiety following real world stress at a computational level remain unclear. We identified core components of uncertainty aversion moderating response to stress posed by the COVID-19 pandemic derived from computational modelling of decision making. Using both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, we investigated both immediate effects at the onset of the stressor, as well as medium-term changes in response to persistent stress. 479 subjects based in the United States completed a decision-making task measuring risk aversion, loss aversion, and ambiguity aversion in the early stages of the pandemic (March 2020). Self-report measures targeting threat perception, anxiety, and avoidant behavior in response to the pandemic were collected at the same time point and 8 weeks later (May 2020). Cross-sectional analyses indicated that higher risk aversion predicted higher perceived threat from the pandemic, and ambiguity aversion for guaranteed gains predicted perceived threat and pandemic-related anxiety. In longitudinal analyses, ambiguity aversion for guaranteed gains predicted greater increases in perceived infection likelihood. Together, these results suggest that individuals who have a low-level aversion towards uncertainty show stronger negative emotional reactions to both the onset and persistence of real-life stress.
Analysis of Myocarditis Among 252 Million mRNA-1273 Recipients Worldwide

Abstract Background Growing evidence indicates a causal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and myocarditis. Post-authorization safety data have also identified myocarditis as a rare safety event following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, particularly among adolescent and young-adult males after dose 2. We further evaluated the potential risk by querying the Moderna global safety database for myocarditis/myopericarditis reports among mRNA-1273 recipients worldwide. Methods Myocarditis/myopericarditis reports from 18 December 2020 to 15 February 2022 were reviewed and classified. The reported rate after any known mRNA-1273 dose was calculated according to age and sex, then compared with a population-based incidence rate to calculate observed-to-expected rate ratios (RRs). Results During the study period, 3017 myocarditis/myopericarditis cases among 252 million mRNA-1273 recipients who received at least 1 dose were reported to the Moderna global safety database. The overall reporting rate was 9.23 per 100 000 person-years, which was similar to the expected reference rate (9.0 cases per 100 000 person-years; RR [95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.03 [. 97–1.08]). When stratified by sex and age, observed rates were highest for males aged <40 years, particularly those 18–24 years (53.76 per 100 000 person-years), which was higher than expected (RR [95% CI], 3.10 [2.68–3.58]). When considering only cases occurring within 7 days of a known dose, the observed rate was highest for males aged 18–24 years after dose 2 (4.23 per 100 000 doses administered). Conclusions Myocarditis/myopericarditis rates were not higher than expected for the overall population of mRNA-1273 recipients but were higher than expected in males aged 18–24 years, with most cases occurring 7 days after dose 2.
Efficacy and effectiveness of alcohol in the disinfection of semi-critical materials: a systematic review

Abstract Objective: to assess the efficacy and the effectiveness of 60-80% alcohol (v/v) in the disinfection of semi-critical materials which were either previously cleaned or not. Method: studies obtained from BIREME, IBECS, MEDLINE, ScIELO, PubMed, Ask Medline web portals, and references from other studies. Criteria were created to assess the methodological quality of articles. Out of the 906 studies found, 14 have been included. Results: after materials were disinfected with alcohol, microorganisms were detected in 104/282 (36.9%) effectiveness tests and in 23/92 (25.0%) efficacy tests that were conducted. In the field studies, disinfection was not achieved for 74/218 (33.9%) of the products that were submitted to previous cleaning and for 30/64 (46.9%) of the ones which were not submitted to previous cleaning. In the experimental studies, alcohol disinfection was not efficacy in 11/30 (36.7%) and 12/62 (19.4%) of products, respectively. The studies were not found to have followed standardized methods. Conclusion: disinfection of semi-critical products with alcohol 70% - or in an approximate concentration - cannot be recommended to all health care products in an unrestricted way. However, according to the type of semi-critical product, disinfection can be attained with or without previous cleaning.
Rapidly Growing Mycobacterial Infection Following Liposuction and Liposculpture—

DURING OCTOBER 1996-MARCH 1998, nine patients in eight hospitals in Caracas, Venezuela, acquired surgical-site infections (SSI) caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). All episodes of RGM infection occurred within 2 months after liposuction or liposculpture (aesthetic surgical procedures). This report describes the findings of an epidemiologic investigation of this cluster by the Venezuelan Ministry of Health and underscores the importance of sterilizing surgical equipment to prevent nosocomial infections. A confirmed case was defined as RGM in a patient who underwent liposuction or liposculpture during October 1996March 1998 (study period) in a surgical facility in Caracas, in whom local signs of SSI were present and for whom cultures of surgical site drainage grew RGM. A probable case was defined as RGM in a patient who underwent liposuction or liposculpture in a surgical facility in Caracas during the study period, who had local signs of infection at the surgical site, and for whom microscopic examination of stained smears of surgical site drainage were positive for acid-fast bacilli. Seven confirmed and two probable cases from eight hospitals were identified. All case-patients were previously healthy women aged 28-49 years (median: 37.5 years). Eight surgeons and surgical teams performed the cosmetic surgery on the women. All nine casepatients underwent general anesthesia during their surgical procedure; procedures consisted of abdominal liposuction (seven patients), anterior and posterior thigh liposuction (three), or bilateral nasolabial fold liposculpture (two). The median time from surgical procedure to onset of infection was 15 days (range: 4-45 days). Clinical findings included fever, local inflammation, microabscesses, purulent drainage from the wound, or fistulae. Seven case-patients had cultureconfirmed RGM; species identified were Mycobacterium chelonae (four patients), M. fortuitum (two), and M. abscessus (one). Molecular typing of RGM isolates were not performed. All hospitals cleaned surgical instruments (i.e., liposuction and liposculpture cannulae) with tap water and soap followed by low-level disinfection with a commercial quaternary ammonium solution. Environmental cultures, including cultures of tap water, at two surgical units did not yield bacteria or mycobacteria. The epidemiologic investigation did not reveal risk factors such as exposure to certain persons, cleaning solutions, medical supplies, or contaminated quaternary ammonium compounds. Following the outbreak in Caracas, two of the affected surgical facilities modified their reprocessing procedures for surgical instruments (including suction cannulae) used in cosmetic surgical procedures by replacing quaternary ammonium compounds used for low-level disinfection with either high-level disinfection using 2% gluteraldehyde or ethylene oxide gas sterilization. No further cases of RGM infections complicating cosmetic surgical procedures in Caracas have been reported.
Incorporating a Genetic Risk Score Into Coronary Heart Disease Risk Estimates: Effect on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels (the MI-GENES Clinical Trial).

BACKGROUND Whether knowledge of genetic risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) affects health-related outcomes is unknown. We investigated whether incorporating a genetic risk score (GRS) in CHD risk estimates lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants (n=203, 45-65 years of age, at intermediate risk for CHD, and not on statins) were randomly assigned to receive their 10-year probability of CHD based either on a conventional risk score (CRS) or CRS + GRS ((+)GRS). Participants in the (+)GRS group were stratified as having high or average/low GRS. Risk was disclosed by a genetic counselor followed by shared decision making regarding statin therapy with a physician. We compared the primary end point of LDL-C levels at 6 months and assessed whether any differences were attributable to changes in dietary fat intake, physical activity levels, or statin use. Participants (mean age, 59.4±5 years; 48% men; mean 10-year CHD risk, 8.5±4.1%) were allocated to receive either CRS (n=100) or (+)GRS (n=103). At the end of the study period, the (+)GRS group had a lower LDL-C than the CRS group (96.5±32.7 versus 105.9±33.3 mg/dL; P=0.04). Participants with high GRS had lower LDL-C levels (92.3±32.9 mg/dL) than CRS participants (P=0.02) but not participants with low GRS (100.9±32.2 mg/dL; P=0.18). Statins were initiated more often in the (+)GRS group than in the CRS group (39% versus 22%, P<0.01). No significant differences in dietary fat intake and physical activity levels were noted. CONCLUSIONS Disclosure of CHD risk estimates that incorporated genetic risk information led to lower LDL-C levels than disclosure of CHD risk based on conventional risk factors alone. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01936675.
Tonometry in Mice : A Novel Noninvasive Technique to Assess Pulse Wave

Arthur J.A. Leloup, Paul Fransen, Cor E. Van Hove, Marc Demolder, Gilles W. De Keulenaer Velocity and Arterial Stiffness Applanation Tonometry in Mice: A Novel Noninvasive Technique to Assess Pulse Wave Print ISSN: 0194-911X. Online ISSN: 1524-4563 Copyright © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Hypertension doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114. 03312 2014;64:195-200; originally published online April 21, 2014; Hypertension. http://hyper.ahajournals. org/content/64/1/195 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://hyper.ahajournals. org/content/suppl/2014/04/21/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114. 03312.DC1. html Data Supplement (unedited) at:
The influence of demographic and meteorological factors on temporal patterns of rotavirus infection in Dhaka, Bangladesh

To quantify the potential impact of rotavirus vaccines and identify strategies to improve vaccine performance in Bangladesh, a better understanding of the drivers of pre-vaccination rotavirus patterns is required. We developed and fitted mathematical models to 23 years (1990–2012) of weekly rotavirus surveillance data from Dhaka with and without incorporating long-term and seasonal variation in the birth rate and meteorological factors. We performed external model validation using data between 2013 and 2019 from the regions of Dhaka and Matlab. The models showed good agreement with the observed age distribution of rotavirus cases and captured the observed shift in seasonal patterns of rotavirus hospitalizations from biannual to annual peaks. The declining long-term trend in the birth rate in Bangladesh was the key driver of the observed shift from biannual to annual winter rotavirus patterns. Meteorological indices were also important: a 1°C, 1% and 1 mm increase in diurnal temperature range, surface water presence and degree of wetness were associated with a 19%, 3.9% and 0.6% increase in the transmission rate, respectively. The model demonstrated reasonable predictions for both Dhaka and Matlab, and can be used to evaluate the impact of rotavirus vaccination in Bangladesh against changing patterns of disease incidence.
Composition and Ecological Roles of the Core Microbiome along the Abyssal-Hadal Transition Zone Sediments of the Mariana Trench

The Mariana Trench is the deepest oceanic region on earth, its microbial ecological exploration has become feasible with the rapid progress of submersible and metagenomic sequencing. We investigated the community compositions and metabolic functions of the core microbiome along the abyssal-hadal transition zone of the Mariana Trench, although most studies by far were focused on the pelagic zone. ABSTRACT The unique geological features of hadal trenches are known to influence both the structure and ecological function of microbial communities. It is also well known that heterotrophs and chemoautotrophs dominate the hadal and abyssal pelagic zones, respectively. Here, a metagenomic investigation was conducted on sediment samples obtained from the abyssal-hadal transition zone in the Mariana Trench to gain a better understanding of the general diversity and potential function of the core microbiome in this zone. A high level of cosmopolitanism existed in the core microbiome referred from a high community similarity among different stations. Niche differentiation along the fine-scale of different sediment layers was observed, especially for major archaeal groups, largely due to sediment depth and the source of organic matter. A prevalence of nitrogen biogeochemical cycles driven by various nitrifying groups with the capability of dark carbon fixation in the abyssal-hadal biosphere was also demonstrated. The predominance of heterotrophic over chemolithoautotrophic pathways in this transition zone was found, and a high abundance of genes related to respiration and carbon fixation (i.e., the intact Calvin and rTCA cycles) were detected as well, which might reflect the intensive microbial activities known to occur in this deep biosphere. The presence of those metabolic processes and associated microbes were reflected by functional and genetic markers generated from the metagenomic data in the current study. However, their roles and contributions to the nitrogen/carbon biogeochemical cycles and flux in the abyssal-hadal transition zone still need further analysis. IMPORTANCE The Mariana Trench is the deepest oceanic region on earth, its microbial ecological exploration has become feasible with the rapid progress of submersible and metagenomic sequencing. We investigated the community compositions and metabolic functions of the core microbiome along the abyssal-hadal transition zone of the Mariana Trench, although most studies by far were focused on the pelagic zone. We found a predominance of heterotrophic groups and related metabolic pathways, which were closely associated with nitrogen biogeochemical cycles driven by various nitrifying groups with the capability of dark carbon fixation.
If Culture is All Around Us, Where Is It In Our Theories and Our Research?

Culture is part of the macrosystem in children’s lives that exerts influence on all domains of their development and across their lifespan (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006). As such, culture becomes an essential part of human development, including our identities, our thinking, and our behaviors or everyday practices. Much like the fresh air or the sunshine around us, it is easy to take culture for granted because culture is omnipresent. While the role of culture has historically received minimal attention in the educational and developmental sciences, there have always been scholars and scientists who recognized and appreciated the importance of cultural influences on learning and development (e.g., Chen, 2019; García Coll et al., 1996; Super & Harkness, 1986; Trommsdorff & Cole, 2011). In the 21st century, there are increasing numbers of commentaries and special issues from senior as well as emerging scholars that are devoted to the study of learning and development through a cultural lens (e.g., Chung et al., 2020; Fascoli & Raeff, 2021; Harkness & Super, 2020). We are situated at a time in our field that calls us to be intentional about making our research inclusive and representative of diverse children, youth, and families whose lives we aim to positively impact through our science and our scholarship. Given this, the goal of this special issue is to be intentional in giving fair and equitable attention to the study of culture and its direct and indirect influences, through the social institutions of family and education, on children’s social-emotional development and competence. Centering sociocultural perspectives in the context of the family or home and the school as primary sources of socialization in early childhood, this special issue on “studying children’s social-emotional development in school and at home through a cultural lens” features 8 articles that collectively provides coverage of children’s social-emotional development in African, Asian, European, and North American sociocultural contexts.
Rule Formalization, Bureaucratic Red Tape, and Prosocial Rule Breaking Among Street-Level Bureaucrats: A Citizen-Centered Perspective

Abstract Past research indicates that rules can prevent unbureaucratic behaviors among street-level bureaucrats (SLBs). In this research, I draw upon the citizen-agent narrative to propose that when formalized rules are perceived as red tape that negatively affects citizens, SLBs will be more likely to engage in prosocial rule breaking (PSRB) due to their sympathy for citizens in such a situation. I further propose that this effect will be more pronounced among SLBs who interact more frequently with citizens. Data from a sample of local government employees in Thailand were collected to test these hypotheses. Results from latent moderated mediation structural equation modeling analyses revealed that, while rule formalization has a direct negative effect on PSRB, it leads to an increase in PSRB via red tape perceptions and feelings of sympathy for citizens who suffer from red tape. Contact with citizens was also found to amplify the effect of rule formalization on red tape perceptions, such that rule formalization has a stronger indirect influence on PSRB among SLBs who have more frequent contact with citizens. These results point to the importance of maintaining the “optimal” level of rules in citizen-state interactions to ensure that SLBs can perform their public service work effectively.
NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC

The article deals with the peculiarities of the transformation of the Srivashshya soil in an example of a comparative analysis of soil transformation in the Novotroitsky region and the Azov-Sivash National Natural Park under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. Soils of the Northern Pryvashshya, namely Novotroitskiy district, undergo significant transformations caused by anthropogenic activity, quickly lose their positive properties when irrational agricultural use. Long-term in particular, predetermine existence of processes that differ from existing understood. precise on features of qualitative of connection which the issues studied particular scientific practical significance. basis comparative