Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Balanced amino acid and higher micronutrients in millets complements legumes for improved human dietary nutrition

Background and objectives: More than 2 billion people suffer with malnutrition arising from dietary protein and micronutrients deficiencies. To enhance the dietary nutrient quality, the current study used two largely grown varieties of finger millet, pearl millet, pigeonpea, and chickpea to evaluate the effect of millet–legume blends for their enhanced protein digestibility, amino acid profiles, and essential micronutrients. Findings: Our study revealed the presence of significant levels of proteins (6.3%– 22.3%), essential amino acids, and micronutrients (Fe: 2.6–8.5 mg; Zn: 2–5.5 mg; Ca: 22‐450 mg in 100 g) in these varieties. When specific millets combined with legumes in 3:1 proportion, significantly enhanced nutritional value of food by providing a balanced amino acid with good protein digestibility, and high levels of iron (7.58 mg) and zinc (4.96 mg) with 100 g of pearl millet and calcium (400.57 mg) with 100 g of finger millet. Conclusions: Pigeonpea and chickpea have a good level of proteins with essential amino acids except methionine and cysteine, whereas millet had balanced amino acid including methionine and cysteine (50% higher) and much higher levels of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Ca). Therefore, specific millets and legumes combination complemented higher levels of micronutrients in addition to complete proteins to support comprehensive human nutrition. Significance and novelty: This study opens prospects for selecting complementary nutrient‐dense varieties for household consumption. Industries can explore these product developments significantly to reduce malnutrition if consumed adequately, which is not possible with polished rice, refined wheat flour or maize even if it is combined with legumes.
Effects of Ni nanoparticles, MWCNT, and MWCNT/Ni on the power production and the wastewater treatment of a microbial fuel cell

ABSTRACT Ni nanoparticles (NPs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and MWCNT/Ni were compared for the first time in enhancing power production and wastewater treatment efficiency of a two-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC). The cathode electrode – a 3D carbon fiber brush – was modified for the first time using different amounts of the three types of nanomaterials. Closed-circuit voltage of the cell was recorded, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the anode solution was measured with time. The overall performance of the MFC was enhanced in the following order: MWCNT > MWCNT/Ni > Ni. The power production increased by 7.9 times to 1.2 W/m3 with 1.5 mg/cm2 of MWCNT. The power density further increased to 1.9 W/m3, and the COD maximally decreased by 163.3 mg/L in a 24-h duration with 3.0 mg/cm2 of MWCNT. The internal resistance decreased maximally by 65.2% to 0.4 kΩ with 1.5 mg/cm2 of MWCNT/Ni, and further to 0.3 kΩ with 3.0 mg/cm2 of MWCNT/Ni. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted to assess the effects of different nanomaterials on the impedance of the MFC. Charge transfer resistance of the cathode was maximally reduced by ~85% to 0.3 Ω with 3.0 mg/cm2 of MWCNT/Ni. Considering price, stability, and performance, MWCNT is the most practical material for cathode modification. This study is meaningful for sustainable wastewater treatment by enhancing energy production from wastewater treatment process through applying low-cost nanomaterials on the cathode of the MFC.
Using GIS for Planning Public General Hospitals at Jeddah City

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are considered as an important and useful tool in planning and evaluating any health care system. Today, GIS has been applied at several health care stud- ies. The applications are classified into three main groups which are spatial changes in health status, spatial epidemiology, and health care facilities accessibility and utilization. The first part of this research discusses each one of these groups and their relevant GIS applica- tions. The second part illustrates one example of GIS application for evaluating general hospitals accessibility in Jeddah City. For this application, the standard criteria of Saudi Arabia that define the health care locations were applied on hospitals locations in order to deter- mine their levels of accessibility. Network analysis, which is one of GIS modules, is used to produce the required models. The local health authority can use the results of this application for planning further hospital services in Jeddah City.
Instrumentation in Health Education and the Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Survey (AHRBS) Instrument

Instrumentation in Health Education and the Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Survey (AHRBS) Instrument. (December 2008) Matthew Lee Smith, B.S., Indiana University – Bloomington; M.P.H. , Indiana University – Bloomington Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. E. Lisako J. McKyer This journal article format dissertation examined aspects of survey research methodology in health education. In the first study, the author examined articles published in Health Education and Behavior, Health Education Journal, Health Education Research, and International Electronic Journal of Health Education to assess if authors report survey instrument characteristics and results of psychometric property tests for data collected with survey instruments. In the second study, the author examined the validity and reliability of data collected from 1,992 Indiana middle and high school students with the Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Survey (AHRBS) instrument. The AHRBS instrument was created using the Biopsychosocial Model (BPSM) theoretical framework and investigates the relationships and influences of adolescents’ intrapersonal and normative perceptions on alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use. In the third study, the author used reliable measures for the data to conduct mediation analyses to examine the effects of adolescent perceptions of their social environment, such as perceived peer disapproval, perceived parental disapproval,
The assembly of integrated rat intestinal‐hepatocyte cultures

Abstract The jejunum is the segment of the small intestine responsible for several metabolism and biotransformation functions. In this report, we have cultured rat jejunum explants in vitro and integrated them with hepatocyte cultures. We have also investigated the changes in jejunum function at different locations since spatial variations in intestinal functions have been reported previously. We divided the length of the rat jejunum into three distinct regions of approximately 9 cm each. We defined the regions as proximal (adjacent to the duodenum), medial, and distal (adjacent to the ileum). Spatiotemporal variations in functions were observed between these regions within the jejunum. Alkaline phosphatase activity (a marker of enterocyte function), decreased twofold between the proximal and distal regions at 4 hr. Lysozyme activity (a marker of Paneth cell function) increased from the proximal to the distal jejunum by 40% at 24 hr. Mucin‐covered areas, a marker of goblet cell function, increased by twofold between the proximal and distal segments of the jejunum at 24 hr. When hepatocytes were integrated with proximal jejunum explants, statistically higher urea (~2.4‐fold) and mucin (57%) production were observed in the jejunum explants. The integrated intestine‐liver cultures can be used as a platform for future investigations.
Charge Transport in Alkali-Metal Superoxides: A Systematic First-Principles Study

Charge-transport mechanisms within the discharge products of alkali-metal/O2 batteries can strongly influence the performance of these systems. To date, discharge products comprising alkali peroxides (Li2O2 and Na2O2) and superoxides (LiO2, NaO2, and KO2) have been observed. In general, cells that discharge to a superoxide exhibit lower overpotentials than those that form the corresponding peroxide. These lower overpotentials have been hypothesized to originate from more efficient charge transport within the superoxides. While the transport mechanisms in the peroxides have been well studied, consensus regarding the intrinsic conductivity across the alkali-metal superoxides is lacking. Here, we present a systematic first-principles study of charge-transport mechanisms across the alkali-metal (Li, Na, K) superoxides. Our study draws on our prior investigations of the alkali peroxides and of sodium superoxide, while adding new analyses for lithium and potassium superoxides (LiO2 and KO2). In the case of KO2,.
CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS Lysis of adhesions and epidural injection of steroid=local anaesthetic during epiduroscopy potentially alleviate low back and leg pain in elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis {

Background. Lumbar spinal stenosis causes various forms of back or leg pain, and is recognized withincreasingfrequencyinelderlypatientswhosephysicalstatusisnotalwayssuitableforsurgery. Epiduroscopy,anew,minimallyinvasivediagnosticandtherapeutictechnique,maybeusefulforpain relief in such patients. We investigated the epiduroscopic findings and immediate and long-term changes in back and leg pain after epiduroscopy in elderly patients with spinal stenosis. Methods.Patientswithdegenerativelumbarspinalstenosis(n=58,medianage71yr)weredivided into two groups based on presenting symptoms: a monosegmental group (n=34) and a multisegmental group (n=24). Each patient underwent epiduroscopy, and the findings were evaluated using visual analogue scales for low back and leg symptoms. Epiduroscopy included breaking down adhesions in the epidural space by injections of saline, and injection of steroids=local anaesthetic. Results. Epiduroscopy showed that the amount of fatty tissue and the degree of vascularity were greater in the monosegmental groupthan in the multisegmental group. Relief of low back pain was observed up to 12 months after epiduroscopy in both groups. Relief of leg pain was evident up to 12monthsafterepiduroscopyinthemonosegmentalgroup,andupto3monthsafterepiduroscopy in the multisegmental group. None of the patients showed deterioration of motor or sensory deficits during follow-up. One patient was excluded from analysis because of accidental dural puncture during the procedure. Conclusions. The findings of epiduroscopy corresponded to the symptoms. Epiduroscopy may reduce low back and leg pain in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, particularly those with radiculopathy. Br J Anaesth 2004; 93: 181‐7
Potential biologic causes of the racial survival disparity in adjuvant trials of ER-positive breast cancer.

511 Background: An analysis of SWOG adjuvant breast cancer clinical trials (n = 6,676) found African American (AA) patients (pts, n = 662) had significantly worse survival than others (adjusting for treatment, tumor factors, BMI and SES) overall and in ER-positive (ER+) and ER-negative cohorts separately (JNCI 2009; 101:984). As triple negativity could not fully explain the disparity, we analyzed the ER+ S8814 phase III study to assess if level of ER-positivity or expression of single genes within the 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay might inform this critical issue. Methods: S8814 (ER+, node+, postmenopausal: tamoxifen vs. CAF plus tam; Lancet 2009; 374:2055) was analyzed for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for AA vs. others, adjusting for other factors. Within the subset available for RS analysis of prognosis/prediction of CAF benefit (Lancet Oncol 2010; 11:55), outcome of AA vs. others was assessed overall; and by ER level, the composite RS, and each of the genes analyzed by RT.
Multiple variations of the subhepatic hepatobiliary vasculatureporta

Proper knowledge of the anatomy of hepatobiliary vasculature and its possible variations are important for surgeons, radiologists and other clinicians. We noticed few variations in the branching pattern of hepatic artery, portal vein and cystic artery during routine anatomy dissection classes. The variations include an additional left hepatic artery, which was found communicating with left branch of portal vein, and an additional cystic artery.
Cronobacter sakazakii local isolates response to acid stress and their resuscitability

Cronobacter spp. has been reported to cause meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and septicemia in a group of infants through the consumption of powder infant formula. These bacteria are reported to withstand various stress conditions such as heating, drying, low water activity, low pH, etc. A local isolate of Cronobacter sakazakii YRt2a was reportedly survived and entered Viable But Non-Culturable (VBNC) conditions during desiccation stress. This study aims to study the behavior of local isolates of Cronobacter spp. in response to acid stress and its resuscitability. C. sakazakii E2 and YRt2a were grown in TSB at pH 3.0±0.2 or 3.5±0.2. The number of culturable cells and viable cells were enumerated by the Total Plate Count and Direct Viable Count methods, respectively. Resuscitation was done by growing the stress or VBNC cells in TSB with or without sodium pyruvate, catalase, Tween 20, or Cronobacter autoinducer. The results showed that C. sakazakii E2 and YRt2a entered VBNC state after 60 mins of exposure to pH 3.0±0.2, while remained culturable after 120 minutes exposure to pH 3.5±0.2. TSB with or without sodium pyruvate, catalase, Tween 20, or Cronobacter autoinducer could resuscitate the stress or VBNC cells of C. sakazakii. Stress or VBNC state experienced by C. sakazakii in response to acid tends to be transient and can be resuscitated. C. sakazakii experiencing stress or VBNC may pose a risk for food safety.
Depression and executive dysfunction after stroke

5 LIST OF ORIGINAL ARTICLES 8 ABBREVIATIONS 9 INTRODUCTION 11 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 13 Concept of vascular depression 13 1. Depression in patients with disease 13 2. Vascular depression 15 3. Other vascular-related behavioral syndromes 16 Vascular depression and cognition 17 1. Frontal-subcortical circuits 17 2. Executive dysfunction in patients with cerebrovascular disease . 18 3. Depression-executive dysfunction syndrome 19 Post-stroke depression 20 1. Prevalence of post-stroke depression 20 2. Relationship between lesion location and post-stroke depression 22 3. Other possible pathophysiological mechanisms of post-stroke depression 24 4. Treatment of post-stroke depression 24 5. Prognosis of post-stroke depression 25 AIMS OF THE STUDY 28 SUBJECTS AND METHODS 29 Subjects 29 Methods 33 1. Clinical neurological examination 33 2. Psychiatric examination 33 3. Neuropsychological examination 34 4. Follow-up visit at 15 months 35 5. MRI methods 35 Data-analysis and statistics 36
Analysis of targeting mechanisms of tRNA derived fragments (tRFs)

SPYROS KARAISKOS A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-Camden Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Computational & Integrative Biology Written under the direction of Dr. Andrey Grigoriev And approved by _______________________________________ Dr. Andrey Grigoriev _______________________________________ Dr. Eric Klein _______________________________________ Dr. Jongmin Nam _______________________________________ Dr. Zoya Ignatova
Infectiousness of pleural tuberculosis without radiological evidence for parenchymal involvement Radyolojik olarak parankim tutulumu olmayan plevral tüberkülozun bulaştiriciliği

Results: When sputum and gastric lavage results were taken together, smear positivity was found in six (7.8%) and culture positivity was found in 21 cases (27.3%). Overall, 21 patients (27.3%) had bacillus-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest X-ray revealed PD in 29 patients (37.7%). Highresolution computed tomography (HRCT) was performed in 55 patients and PD was found in 48 patients (87.3%). Of the patients with PD on chest radiograms, five (17.2%) had positive smears and 13 (44.8%) had positive cultures of sputum or gastric lavage. Of 48 patients without PD on chest radiograms, one (2.1%) had smear positivity and eight (16.7%) had culture positivity. Sputum or gastric lavage samples showed one smear positivity (2.1%) and 12 culture positivity (25%) among 48 patients who were found to have PD by HRCT. Of seven cases in which HRCT did not show PD, two (28.5%) had positive cultures and none had positive smears. Although HRCT was more sensitive to detect PD, infectiousness rate was significantly higher in patients who had PD on chest radiograms (p=0.007).
Unusual presentation of an avulsion of the long digital extensor tendon in a dog: radiographic, computed tomographic, arthroscopic, surgical and histological findings

A long digital extensor tendon avulsion is reported in a 15-month-old intact male Great Dane with a right pelvic limb lameness of 2-week duration. The orthopedic, radiographic, computed tomographic, arthroscopic, surgical and histological findings are described. Surgical excision of the avulsed bone fragment and re-attachment of the tendon to the lateral joint capsule of the stifle joint was successful and the dog was free of lameness 6 and 12 months after therapy. SAMENVATTING Een avulsie van de pees van de extensor digitorum longus wordt beschreven bij een Deense Dog met reeds 2 weken claudicatie rechts achter. De orthopedische, radiografische, computer tomografische, artroscopische, chirurgische en histologische bevindingen worden beschreven. De chirurgische excisie van het geavulseerde botfragment en de hechting van de pees aan het lateraal gewrichtskapsel van het kniegewricht waren succesvol en de hond was vrij van manken 6 en 12 maanden na de ingreep.
Plant nitrate reductase and its isoform specific roles in nitrate and nitrite reduction

Viele Pflanzen, unter anderem Arabidopsis thaliana, exprimieren zwei Isoformen der Nitrat Reduktase (NR1 und NR2). Dieses Enzym katalysiert die Reduktion des Nitrats zu Nitrit, und damit die schrittlimitierende Reaktion in der Nitratassimilation. Zudem ist NR eine wichtige enzymatische Quelle des universellem Signalmolekuls NO•. NR bildet ein Dimer mit drei redox-Cofactoren je monomer; am N-Terminus, ein Molybdan-Cofactor (Moco), in der Mitte eine Ham-b5 und am C-Terminus ein FAD Cofactor. Elektronen werden ubertragen vom zellularem NADH, uber FAD und Ham zu dem Substrat, das von Moco reduziert wird. Die Regulierung der NR Aktivitat ist komplex und vielschichtig. Tagsuber wird die Transkription hochreguliert, angepasst an der photosynthetesischen Aktivitat, nachts wird es herunterreguliert. Zudem wird NR uber ein komplexes System der post-translationalen Regulation gesteuert in dem ein regulatorisches 14-3-3 Protein an einem phosphorylierten Serin-Rest bindet und Doman-Bewegungen und damit Aktivitat verhindert. Diese Form der Regulierung ist schnell und reversible und verhindert ein toxischen Uberschuss an Nitrit. Interessanterweise ist es in genau diesen Situationen in denen die Nitrit-Konzentration kurzfristig steigt, in welchen NO• Produktion beobachtet wird. Obwohl es bekannt ist, dass NR in der Pflanze eine wichtige Quelle fur NO• ist, wurden die kinetischen Parameter der Nitritreduktion durch rekombinante NR noch nicht untersucht. Zudem wurde noch nicht untersucht ob die zwei (oder mehr) Isoformen der NR vielleicht unterschiedlich beteiligt sein konnten an den zwei Reaktionen die das Enzym katalysiert. In dieser Arbeit wurden die zwei Isoformen der NR rekombinant exprimiert und in verschiede kinetische Analysen verglichen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass NR1 einen hohen KM fur Nitrat besitzt und eine vielfach niedrigere katalytische Effizienz fur das Substrat Nitrat, verglichen mit NR2. In der Nitritreduktion hat NR1 ein etwa 10-fach hoherem kcat verglichen mit NR2. Zudem wurden Unterschiede zwischen den Isoformen in der 14-3-3 Regulation festgestellt. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen dass NR1 ein spezializiertes Enzym der Nitrit-Reduktion ist, wahrend NR2 eine Nitrat Reduktase ist. Zudem wurde mittels cryo-EM ein Model der NR generiert. Diese Methode konnte in Zukunft helfen die Molekularstruktur des NR’s zu ermitteln.
Remediation potential of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) Seedlings grown in sewage sludge contaminated by Heavy Metals

Application of sewage sludge to agricultural land is widely practiced and presumed to be beneficial for plants’ growth. However, sewage sludge is often contaminated by heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pathogens. This study assessed the capacity of Adansonia digitata seedlings to accumulate and distribute heavy metals from sewage sludge into their tissue parts. Respective heavy metals concentrations in soil before and after plantings were Cu (55.68; 26.45), Zn (76.22; 48.06), Pb (28.22; 19.58), Ni (22.76; 19.32), Cd (3.11; 1.49), Cr (41.78; 23.39) and As (5.92; 4.71) in mg/kg and these were higher than those from control soil. Heavy metals concentrations (mg/kg) in roots of plants from sewage sludge and control soils were Cu (3.08- 16.01), Zn (4.25-9.83), Pb (1.21-3.74), Ni (0.33-1.57), Cd (0.17-0.93) and Cr (2.23-6.65) while those of the shoots were Cu (4.61-30.11), Zn (5.88-16.22). Pb (1.41-4.86), Ni (0.27-1.56), Cd (0.09- 0.65) and Cr (3.24-10.01). For most of the studied metals, bioaccumulation factor (BCF) values were more than one and generally higher for Cr, Zn, Cu, and Pb. The significant reduction observed in concentrations of heavy metals in soils before and after planting indicated their enrichment in the plant tissues. Bioconcentration factors indicated that Adansonia digitata can be used as bioaccumulation plant. This study has shown the efficacy and ability of Adansonia digitata to accumulate and distribute heavy metals in its tissue parts. Keywords : Bioaccumulation, heavy metals, enrichment, sewage sludge
A Case of Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

We herein report a case of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the gallbladder confirmed by laparoscopic surgery. A 60-year-old male was HBsAg-positive. Abdominal computed tomography showed a 2.5 × 2.5 cm enhancing polypoid mass in the gallbladder and multiple masses in liver segments 4 and 5 that enhanced in the arterial phase and washed out in the delayed phase. Liver biopsy findings showed only poorly differentiated morphology. A laparoscopic operation was performed for diagnosis of the masses because curative resection seemed impossible to perform, which showed unusual findings of either hepatocelluar carcinoma or gallbladder cancer. Therefore, laparoscopic liver biopsy and cholecystectomy were performed. The final pathologic results of the masses showed large cell NEC of the gallbladder with liver metastasis. Central bisegmentectomy and extensive lymph node dissection were ultimately performed. The patient was still alive 16 months after diagnosis. (Korean J Med 2013;85:183-187)