Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ADMM LP Decoding of Non-Binary LDPC Codes in  $ \mathbb {F}_{2^{m}}$

In this paper, we develop efficient decoders for non-binary low-density parity-check codes using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). We apply ADMM to two decoding problems. The first problem is linear programming (LP) decoding. In order to develop an efficient algorithm, we focus on non-binary codes in fields of characteristic two. This allows us to transform each constraint in F2m to a set of constraints in F2 that has a factor graph representation. Applying ADMM to the LP decoding problem results in two types of non-trivial sub-routines. The first type requires us to solve an unconstrained quadratic program. We solve this problem efficiently by leveraging new results obtained from studying the above factor graphs. The second type requires Euclidean projections onto polytopes that are studied in the literature. Such projections can be solved efficiently using off-the-shelf techniques, which scale linearly in the dimension of the vector to project. ADMM LP decoding scales linearly with block length, linearly with check degree, and quadratically with field size. The second problem we consider is a penalized LP decoding problem. This problem is obtained by incorporating a penalty term into the LP decoding objective. The purpose of the penalty term is to make non-integer solutions (pseudocodewords) more expensive and hence to improve decoding performance. The ADMM algorithm for the penalized LP problem requires Euclidean projection onto a polytope formed by embedding the constraints specified by the non-binary single parity-check code, which can be solved by applying the ADMM technique to the resulting quadratic program. Empirically, this decoder achieves a much reduced error rate than LP decoding at low signal-to-noise ratios.
Applying Generic Model Management to Data Mapping

Mapping between heterogeneous data is a central problem in many dataintensive applications. In particular, using one mapping language causes serious limitations and makes mapping management difficult. In this paper, we propose a solution that can better control the trade-off between genericity, expressiveness and efficiency of mappings. Our solution considers mappings as models and exploits specific mapping engines. We define model weaving as a generic way to establish element correspondences. Weaving models may then be used by a model transformation language to translate source model(s) into target model(s). To validate our solution, we implemented a mapping prototype, called AMW, and used it for experimenting with significant application scenarios.
11A-5 Interrogation of the Targeting Mechanisms of Ultrasound Contrast Agent Microbubbles Using Atomic Force Microscopy

The science of microbubble agents has expanded beyond imaging applications to biological targeting and drug/gene delivery. However, the majority of targeted microbubbles are manufactured without thorough characterisation of their targeting ability. Atomic Force Microscopy is capable of picoNewton force resolution, and is reported to measure single hydrogen bonds. The present study aims to introduce this nanosensor in the quantitative probing of the forces of interaction between cells and targeted microbubbles. In-house, lipid based, targeted ultrasound contrast agents that use the biotin-avidin chemistry to carry CD31 antibodies probed cultures of SkHepl cells with an Atomic Force Microscope. Tipless cantilevers were functionalised with poly-L-lysine and were immersed in a suspension of microbubbles in order to attach one at the end of each cantilever. This system then interrogated individual cells. In this initial study over 30 bubble-cell pairs were studied, producing over 200 force-distance curves. It was shown that the targeted microbubbles provide a significantly larger adhesion compared to control microbubbles. The average collective adhesion force was 0.68 plusmn 0.33 nN and was dependent on the depth of contact. As the spatial and force resolution of the AFM is of subnanometer and subnanonewton level, respectively, it is possible to spatially resolve the adhesion sites of targeted microbubbles and measure the forces of these single sites. A histogram analysis of these data demonstrating a single distribution of adhesion events present in all measurements with median at 89.2 pN. In conclusion, this system is capable of quantitative assessment of the avidity of targeted ultrasound contrast agents to cells, which is valuable information to the manufacturing process of such microbubbles.
Object-Centric Behavioral Constraints

Today's process modeling languages often force the analyst or modeler to straightjacket real-life processes into simplistic or incomplete models that fail to capture the essential features of the domain under study. Conventional business process models only describe the lifecycles of individual instances (cases) in isolation. Although process models may include data elements (cf. BPMN), explicit connections to real data models (e.g., an entity relationship model or a UML class model) are rarely made. Therefore, we propose a novel approach that extends data models with a behavioral perspective. Data models can easily deal with many-to-many and one-to-many relationships. This is exploited to create process models that can also model complex interactions between different types of instances. Classical multiple-instance problems are circumvented by using the data model for event correlation. The declarative nature of the proposed language makes it possible to model behavioral constraints over activities like cardinality constraints in data models. The resulting object-centric behavioral constraint (OCBC) model is able to describe processes involving interacting instances and complex data dependencies. In this paper, we introduce the OCBC model and notation, providing a number of examples that give a flavour of the approach. We then define a set-theoretic semantics exploiting cardinality constraints within and across time points. We finally formalize conformance checking in our setting, arguing that evaluating conformance against OCBC models requires diagnostics that go beyond what is provided by contemporary conformance checking approaches.
The Recognition of Altered Rock Based on Spectral Modeling and Matching Using Hyperspectral Data

In this paper, we focused on the alunite alteration recognition which was characteristic of hydrothermal alteration zones in the study area of Cuprite mining area in southwestern of Nevada. Two solutions were practiced to improve the alteration recognition precision and reliability. One is the modeling of object reflectance spectra with the combination of linear and nonlinear model, which was taken as reference spectra instead of the mineral spectra from spectral library, another is the fusion of the information extraction methods including spectral characteristic analysis and spectral matching by the weights decision function. Several rule images were obtained in which each pixel representing the similarity between the corresponding pixel in the hyperspectral image to a reference spectra. An alteration map with improved precision was created after weights decision processing.
Uplink achievable rate of full-duplex multi-cell massive MIMO systems

The uplink of full-duplex multi-cell massive MEMO systems is analyzed in this paper. Besides the interference due to multi-user transmissions as in half duplex massive MIMO system-s, interference from other base stations (BSs) and self-interference coming from the base station's downlink transmission would occur, which complicates the analysis on the uplink achievable rate. To be practical, both antenna correlation and line-of-sight (LoS) path are considered in the BS-to-BS channel model. A deterministic approximation of the uplink achievable rate is derived based on random matrix theory. It is then proved that the BS-to-BS interference and self interference would asymptotically vanish. It means the asymptotic achievable rate is exactly the double of that of half-duplex transmission. With finite number of antennas per-BS, however, the BS-to-BS interference and self interference would limit the performance of full duplex. To ensure full duplex to outperform half duplex in the uplink, the number of antennas per-BS should be larger than a threshold which is also derived explicitly. Finally the accuracy of the analytical results is validated by computer simulations.
A P ] 1 6 Ja n 20 13 Cell polarisation model : the 1 D case

We study the dynamics of a one-dimensional non-linear and nonlocal drift-diffusion equation set in the half-line, with the coupling involving the trace value on the boundary. The initial mass M of the density determines the behaviour of the equation: attraction to self similar profile, to a steady state of finite time blow up for supercritical mass. Using the logarithmic Sobolev and the HWI inequalities we obtain a rate of convergence for the cases subcritical and critical mass. Moreover, we prove a comparison principle on the equation obtained after space integration. This concentration-comparison principle allows proving blow-up of solutions for large initial data without any monotonicity assumption on the initial data.
A New Light on SAR Backscattering Coefficient and Interferometric Coherence in Layover Areas

This letter focuses on the analysis of layover effects in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data of urban areas. In particular, we derive two formulations to express the backscattering coefficient and the interferometric coherence in this case. These equations show that the backscattering coefficient and the interferometric coherence in layover areas can be seen as a combination of the backscattering coefficients and interferometric coherences of the individual scattering mechanisms. These formulations are then tested on interferometric SAR (InSAR) data and analyzed statistically.
Additivity of Feature-Based and Symmetry-Based Grouping Effects in Multiple Object Tracking

Multiple object tracking (MOT) is an attentional process wherein people track several moving targets among several distractors. Symmetry, an important indicator of regularity, is a general spatial pattern observed in natural and artificial scenes. According to the “laws of perceptual organization” proposed by Gestalt psychologists, regularity is a principle of perceptual grouping, such as similarity and closure. A great deal of research reported that feature-based similarity grouping (e.g., grouping based on color, size, or shape) among targets in MOT tasks can improve tracking performance. However, no additive feature-based grouping effects have been reported where the tracking objects had two or more features. “Additive effect” refers to a greater grouping effect produced by grouping based on multiple cues instead of one cue. Can spatial symmetry produce a similar grouping effect similar to that of feature similarity in MOT tasks? Are the grouping effects based on symmetry and feature similarity additive? This study includes four experiments to address these questions. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated the automatic symmetry-based grouping effects. More importantly, an additive grouping effect of symmetry and feature similarity was observed in Experiments 3 and 4. Our findings indicate that symmetry can produce an enhanced grouping effect in MOT and facilitate the grouping effect based on color or shape similarity. The “where” and “what” pathways might have played an important role in the additive grouping effect.
Ripple Compensation for a Class-D Amplifier

This paper presents the first detailed mathematical analysis of the ripple compensation technique for reducing audio distortion in a class-D amplifier with negative feedback. The amplifier converts a relatively low-frequency audio signal to a high-frequency train of rectangular pulses whose widths are slowly modulated according to the audio signal (pulse-width modulation, PWM). Distortion manifests itself through unwanted audio-frequency harmonics that arise in the output due to nonlinearities inherent in the design. In this paper, we first develop a small-signal model, which describes the fate of small-amplitude perturbations to a constant input, and demonstrate how this traditional engineering tool may be extended to allow one to infer the most significant contributions to the full output in response to a general audio input. We then compute the audio output of the amplifier through a perturbation expansion based on the ratio between audio and switching frequencies. Our results explicitly demonstrate ho.
A Policy Improvement Method in Constrained Stochastic Dynamic Programming

This note presents a formal method of improving a given base-policy such that the performance of the resulting policy is no worse than that of the base-policy at all states in constrained stochastic dynamic programming. We consider finite horizon and discounted infinite horizon cases. The improvement method induces a policy iteration-type algorithm that converges to a local optimal policy
Fast Exact Multiplication by the Hessian

Just storing the Hessian H (the matrix of second derivatives 2E/wiwj of the error E with respect to each pair of weights) of a large neural network is difficult. Since a common use of a large matrix like H is to compute its product with various vectors, we derive a technique that directly calculates Hv, where v is an arbitrary vector. To calculate Hv, we first define a differential operator Rv{f(w)} = (/r)f(w rv)|r=0, note that Rv{w} = Hv and Rv{w} = v, and then apply Rv{} to the equations used to compute w. The result is an exact and numerically stable procedure for computing Hv, which takes about as much computation, and is about as local, as a gradient evaluation. We then apply the technique to a one pass gradient calculation algorithm (backpropagation), a relaxation gradient calculation algorithm (recurrent backpropagation), and two stochastic gradient calculation algorithms (Boltzmann machines and weight perturbation). Finally, we show that this technique can be used at the heart of many iterative techniques for computing various properties of H, obviating any need to calculate the full Hessian.
Artifact reduction for set theoretic super resolution image reconstruction with edge adaptive constraints and higher-order interpolants

In this paper, we propose to improve the POCS-based super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) methods in two ways. First, the discretization of the continuous image formation model is improved to explicitly allow for higher order interpolation methods to be used. Second, the constraint sets are modified to reduce the amount of edge ringing present in the high resolution image estimate. This effectively regularizes the inversion process.
Deciphering the Genetic Blueprint behind Holstein Milk Proteins and Production

Holstein is known to provide higher milk yields than most other cattle breeds, and the dominant position of Holstein today is the result of various selection pressures. Holstein cattle have undergone intensive selection for milk production in recent decades, which has left genome-wide footprints of domestication. To further characterize the bovine genome, we performed whole-genome resequencing analysis of 10 Holstein and 11 Hanwoo cattle to identify regions containing genes as outliers in Holstein, including CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN3, and KIT whose products are likely involved in the yield and proteins of milk and their distinctive black-and-white markings. In addition, genes indicative of positive selection were associated with cardiovascular disease, which is related to simultaneous propagation of genetic defects, also known as inbreeding depression in Holstein.
Research Findings on Wormhole Attack Detection in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Conference Item

Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. Abstract The Internet is moving from the traditional desktop network paradigm to a ubiquitous paradigm where a multitude of small computing devices such as computer chips and smart sensors are involved in daily activities and routines. This means that a rapidly growing amount of devices are connected to the Internet. At the same time, infrastructure-less and self-configuring systems like Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) are gaining popularity since they provide a possibility for mobile devices to share information with each other without being dependent on a core infrastructure. Routing security in MANETs is, however, a significant challenge to wide scale adoption. One of the most severe security threats to MANET routing is the wormhole attack due to its ability to disrupt a significant proportion of network traffic, while simultaneously being difficult to detect. This paper provides an overview of recent research findings on wormhole attack detection in MANETs collected from a joint research pro
Coping With Sexual Orientation–Related Minority Stress

ABSTRACT Little is known about how adolescents cope with minority stressors related to sexual orientation. This study examined 245 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young adult’s (ages 21–25) retrospective reports of coping in response to LGB minority stress during adolescence (ages 13–19) to test the reliability and validity of a measure of minority stress coping. Further, the study examined associations between LGB minority stress coping and young adult psychosocial adjustment and high school attainment. Validation and reliability was found for three minority stress coping strategies: LGB-specific strategies (e.g., involvement with LGBT organizations), alternative-seeking strategies (e.g., finding new friends), and cognitive strategies (e.g., imagining a better future). LGB-specific strategies were associated with better psychosocial adjustment and greater likelihood of high school attainment in young adulthood, whereas alternative-seeking and cognitive-based strategies were associated with poorer adjustment and less likelihood of high school attainment.
An Online Linear Chinese Spam Emails Filtering System

Spam is a key problem in electronic communication. The increasing volume of spam has become a serious threat not only to the Internet, but also to society. Content-based filtering is one mainstream method of combating this threat in its various forms, but the previous Content-based filtering methods are hard to find a balance between efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper we intend to seek a linear solve for this problem, and two online linear classifiers: the Perceptron and Winnow are explored for this task in three benchmark corpora, which include English corpus PU1, Lingspam and Chinese corpus 2005-Jun, Our experiments conclude that both of these classifiers can filter spam emails effectively as well as efficiently. It is also show that they perform much better than a standard Naïve Bayes method. In fact, to the best of our knowledge, they have a state-of-the-art performance for filtering Chinese spam emails, at least on the above corpora. Furthermore, both of the two classifiers are easily adaptively updated, thus are suitable for real dynamic environment.
Automatic communication refinement for system level design

This paper presents a methodology and algorithms for automatic communication refinement. The communication refinement task in system-level synthesis transforms abstract data-transfer between components to its actual bus level implementation. The input model of the communication refinement is a set of concurrently executing components, communicating with each other through abstract communication channels. The refined model reflects the actual communication architecture. Choosing good communication architecture in system level design requires sufficient exploration through evaluation of various architectures. However, this would not be possible with manually refining the system model for each communication architecture. For one, manual refinement is tedious and error-prone. Secondly, it wastes substantial amount of precious designer time. We solve this problem with automatic model refinement. We also present a set of experimental results to demonstrate how the proposed approach works on a typical system level design.
Effect of Alteplase Within 6 Hours of Acute Ischemic Stroke on All-Cause Mortality (Third International Stroke Trial)

Background and Purpose— Prompt thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase reduces disability after acute ischemic stroke. In an exploratory analysis, we examined whether long-term survival varied by baseline characteristics after alteplase. Methods— In this open-treatment, international, randomized, controlled trial, ischemic stroke patients were randomly allocated <6 hours of onset to intravenous alteplase (0.9 mg/kg) plus standard care (n=1515) or standard care alone (n=1520). We followed patients to death, censoring when last known to be alive. We grouped patients by delay to randomization, and good or poor predicted prognosis (calculated from baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score and age). We present absolute mortality differences between treated and control groups at 7 days, 6 months, and 18 months poststroke. Results— Alteplase was not associated with a significant increase in mortality within 18 months (0.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), −2.9% to +4.2] P=0.72] in all patients with complete vital status (99.9%, 3034/3035). In patients randomized <3 hours of stroke, 18-month mortality was lower in the alteplase-treated group than the control group (40.6% [95% CI, 42.6–52.7] versus 47.8% [95% CI, 35.5–45.3]; P=0.0434]. The difference in 18-month mortality between alteplase-treated and control patients was greater in patients who were randomized early (<3 hours) compared with late (3–6 hours; +9% [95% CI, 1–17]; P=0.0317). Alteplase led to a greater improvement in 18-month survival in patients with a poor prognosis than in patients with a good prognosis (+8% [95% CI, 2–14]; P=0.0091). Conclusions— These exploratory analyses of the third International Stroke Trial (IST-3) trial support improving acute stroke patients’ access to earlier alteplase treatment, treatment of patients with poor prognosis, and further randomized controlled trials in minor stroke to replicate these findings. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN25765518.
Magneto-Raman microscopy for probing local material properties of graphene

C. Neumann, S. Reichardt, M. Drögeler, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, B. Beschoten, S. V. Rotkin, and C. Stampfer 1 JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany, EU 2 Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany, EU 3 National Institute for Materials Science,1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan 4 Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA (Dated: July 1, 2014)