Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1280 Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Melatonin in Regulation of β-cell Sensitivity to Cytokines

The mechanisms of β-cell destruction leading to type 1 diabetes are complex and not yet fully understood, but infiltration of the islets of Langerhans by autoreactive immune cells is believed to be important. Activated macrophages and T-cells may then secrete cytokines and free radicals, which could selectively damage the β-cells. Among the cytokines, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α can induce expression of inducible nitric synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2. Subsequent nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation may impair islet function.In the present study, the ability of melatonin (an antioxidative and immunoregulatory hormone) to protect against β-cell damage induced by streptozotocin (STZ; a diabetogenic and free radical generating substance) or IL-1β exposure was examined. In vitro, melatonin counteracted STZ- but not IL-1β-induced islet suppression, indicating that the protective effect of melatonin is related to interference with free radical generation and DNA damage, rather than NO synthesis. In vivo, non-immune mediated diabetes induced by a single dose of STZ was prevented by melatonin.Furthermore, the effects of proinflammatory cytokines were examined in islets obtained from mice with a targeted deletion of the iNOS gene (iNOS -/- mice) and wild-type controls. The in vitro data obtained show that exposure to IL-1β or (IL-1β + IFN-γ) induce disturbances in the insulin secretory pathway, which were independent of NO or PGE2 production and cell death. Initially after addition, in particular IL-1β seems to be stimulatory for the insulin secretory machinery of iNOS –/- islets, whereas IL-1β acts inhibitory after a prolonged period. Separate experiments suggest that the stimulatory effect of IL-1β involves an increased gene expression of phospholipase D1a/b. In addition, the formation of new insulin molecules appears to be affected, since IL-1β and (IL-1β + IFN-γ) suppressed mRNA expression of both insulin convertase enzymes and insulin itself.
4-Bromomethyl-1-phenylsulfonyl-1H-indole

In the title molecule, C15H12BrNO2S, the indole mean plane and phenyl ring are nearly orthogonal to each other, forming a dihedral angle of 88.19 (13)°. The Br atom is disordered over two close positions with occupancies of 0.56 (4) and 0.44 (4). The crystal packing exhibits weak intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions.
Re-sexualising the epidemic. Desire risk and HIV prevention.

Even in the ‘era of treatment’ successful HIV prevention remains an enormous challenge. In this article Jonathan Berger argues that there is a need to pay more attention to sex and desire in the design of HIV prevention programmes and to move away from stereotyped explanations of vulnerability that ignore agency and desire in the decisions that people make about sex. The article also warns against the continued marginalisation of people who engage in ‘dirty sex’ from access to HIV prevention programmes and services. (excerpt)
Validation of the Romanian Translated ABC-V (Assessment of Burden in Chronic - Venous Disease) Questionnaire

The objective of this study was a psychometric evaluation of the Romanian translated version of ABC-V (Assessment of Burden in Chronic – Venous Disease) questionnaire in patients with uncomplicated varicose disease of lower limbs. All components of the questionnaire were translated from the English version into the Romanian language and after that backwards, discussed, adopted and pre-tested. Evaluation of the final version of the translated questionnaire demonstrated acceptable results: missed questions in 3% of forms, no ceiling effect and low floor effect, good split-half reliability (rs = 0.61, p < 0.01) and significant correlation between test and re-test scores (rs = 0.86, p < 0.01). There was no significant influence of age and sex upon average ABC-V scores. Study results support the application of ABC-V questionnaire for assessing the severity of chronic venous disease as well as for quantitative evaluation of patient satisfaction and health status improvement after varicose vein treatment in the Romanian-speaking population.
The Skin Preparation Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among the Healthcare Professionals in Compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and the practices of healthcare professionals towards the skin preparation before giving injections. Methods: Cross sectional study. A pre-tested, pre-designed, well-structured questionnaire which was written in English was administered to the volunteer doctors, pharmacists and the nurses at Penang General Hospital during 20th March 2011 to 20th April 2011. A total of 136 anonymously completed questionnaires were returned to the investigator. The data was analyzed by using SPSS-16 and the results were expressed as counts and percentages. Results: Most of the respondents derived their knowledge from healthcare personnel (70.5%, n = 136) and medical books (44.1%, n = 136). Most of the healthcare professionals knew that an alcohol swab would not minimize the pain either during (70%-85%) or after (55%-80%) an injection and that it would not minimize the risk of bleeding (50%-82%) after an injection. Almost all the respondents (93.7%) were of the view that not using a swab was not time saving and economical. However, more than 95% thought that skin preparations would minimize the risk of an infection; therefore, they would not administer an injection without using an alcohol swab. Conclusion: The knowledge on the use of an alcohol swab before giving intra-dermal, subcutaneous and intra-muscular injections was poor. The healthcare professionals believed that skin preparations would minimize the risk of an infection and that an injection could not be given after cleaning the site with soap and water.
1-(2-Chlorophenyl)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C16H10ClFN2, the dihedral angle between the indole ring system and the benzyl ring is 80.91 (5)°. The crystal packing features C—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯F and C—H⋯π interactions.
Optimal nonlinear distributed control of spatially-invariant systems

We consider optimal distributed control for linear distributed systems with non-quadratic performance criteria expressed as a power series. Using power series methods, we derive a recursive procedure to obtain the successive power series terms of the optimal value function and state feedback. In the case of spatially invariant systems we show how the state feedback power series terms represented as tensors can be easily constructed using multi-dimensional Fourier transforms.
How is Janani Suraksha Yojana Performing in Backward Districts of India?

India’s record in reducing maternal mortality and infant mortality has been very dismal. Maternal deaths in India constituted more than 20% of global maternal deaths, while neonatal mortality constituted 31% of global neonatal deaths at the beginning of 2005. 1 The gravity of the situation and commitments made towards millennium development goals (MDGs) prompted the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) to launch the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a conditional cash transfer scheme which pays monetary incentive to pregnant women in case they deliver in a government medical facility or in an accredited private medical facility. This paper assesses the performance of JSY with respect to a few key parameters, in some of the most backward districts located in the “low-performing” states in India, as defi ned by the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). The data for this exercise comes from People’s Assessment of Health, Education, Livelihood (PAHELI), a unique attempt to rapidly assess the status of human development, including maternal and child health. We fi nd that most of the women delivering in government facilities receive monetary incentives as per the norms, thus
Becoming the parent of a preterm infant: A meta-ethnographic synthesis

Introduction The adoption of family-centred care within neonatal intensive care has been increasing in profile. However, there has been limited exploration of the concept of parenting as an occupation as a means of supporting parent engagement. Method A meta-ethnographic synthesis was conducted to explore the body of literature regarding experiences in the neonatal intensive care unit that enable parents to participate in parenting occupations. Five databases were systematically searched with 35 identified studies appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool and included in the synthesis. Findings Eight themes emerged from the synthesis: relinquishing the anticipated role of parent; feeling vulnerable and powerless; juggling roles and responsibilities; (re)claiming an alternative parental role; navigating environmental boundaries; developing partnerships with staff; coming to know the baby; and adapting to parenting. Conclusion The experiences that enable parents to participate in parenting occupations are multi-faceted, and explicate the process of occupational adaptation that occurs in relation to parenting a preterm infant. These findings provide occupational therapists with greater insight into the experiences of parents of preterm infants in the neonatal setting.
Study of the Role of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) and Circulating Cellular Microenvironment Components in Metastasis Formation and their Clinical Value

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Ram H. Datar. No. of pages in text. (107) Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) are tumor cells found in cancer patients’ peripheral blood. They hold significant clinical value for cancer prognosis and management. While enumeration of CTC has been proven to provide reliable prognosis value for cancer management, further molecular and functional characterization of CTC may provide insights into both the biology of metastasis and critical clinical information such as the dynamic changes in molecular expression of tumor cells during treatment. Here, we will discuss how molecular and functional characterization of CTC can be utilized for such clinical applications, and the methodology development for such applications including a thermo-responsive release method of viable CTCs for downstream characterization. Another aspect of CTC is their interactions with circulating cellular microenvironment components. Tumor microenvironment components, such as Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAF) and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC), play important roles in tumor growth and metastasis formation. Here, we will discuss the identification of their interactions with CTC in circulation and how they are associated with metastasis in both murine models and clinical settings.
2,2′-[2,5-Bis(hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene]dithiophene

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C26H34O2S2, comprises one half-molecule located on an inversion centre. The thiophene groups are twisted relative to the benzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 5.30 (7)°, and the n-hexyl groups are in a fully extended conformation. In the crystal, there are short C—H⋯π contacts involving the thiophene groups.
Combined epidural/general anesthesia for gastrointestinal surgery

Abstract Gastrointestinal motility is altered as a result of surgery and to some extent anesthesia drugs. This is manifested by the inability to tolerate food and fluids, and the delay in the return of normal bowel activity. Surgical stress, sympathetic hyperactivity, manipulation of bowel and pain inhibit propulsive activity resulting in ileus. Therefore the perioperative management must focus on anesthetic and surgical techniques which minimize the metabolic stress. Epidural local anesthetics have the advantage of attenuating the sympathetic hyperactivity, maintaining bowel peristalsis, sparing the use of opioids, and facilitating postoperative feeding and out-of-bed activity. Laparoscopic-assisted surgery is gaining popularity because of its advantages such as reduction in wound complications, shorter duration of ileus, and attenuation of stress response. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company
Object-oriented analysis and design with applications (2nd ed.)

I. CONCEPTS. 1. Complexity. The Inherent Complexity of Software. The Structure of Complex Systems. Bringing Order to Chaos. On Designing Complex Systems. Sidebar: Categories of Analysis and Design Methods. 2. The Object Model. The Evolution of the Object Model. Elements of the Object Model. Applying the Object Model. Sidebar: Foundations of the Object Model. 3. Classes and Objects. The Nature of an Object. Relationships Among Objects. The Nature of a Class. Relationships Among Classes. The Interplay of Classes and Objects. On Building Quality Classes and Objects. Sidebar: Invoking a Method. 4. Classification. The Importance of Proper Classification. Identifying Classes and Objects. Key Abstractions and Mechanisms. Sidebar: A Problem of Classification. II. THE METHOD. 5 . The Notation. Elements of the Notation. Class Diagrams. State Transition Diagrams. Object Diagrams. Interaction Diagrams. Module Diagrams. Process Diagrams. Applying the Notation. 6 . The Process. First Principles. The Micro Development Process. The Macro Development Process. 7. Pragmatics. Management and Planning. Staffing. Release Management. Reuse. Quality Assurance and Metrics. Documentation. Tools. Special Topics. The Benefits and Risks of Object-Oriented Development. III. APPLICATIONS. 8. Data Acquisition: Weather Monitoring Station. Analysis. Design. Evolution. Maintenance. Sidebar: Weather Monitorint Station Requirements. 9. Frameworks: Foundation Class Library. Analysis. Design. Evolution. Maintenance. Sidebar: Foundation Class Library Requirements. 10. Client/Server Computing: Inventory Tracking. Analysis. Design. Evolution. Maintenance. Sidebar: Inventory Tracking System Requirements. 11. Artificial Intelligence Cryptanalysis. Analysis. Design. Evolution. Maintenance. Sidebar: Cryptanalysis Requirements. 12. Command and Control Traffic Management. Analysis. Design. Evolution. Maintenance. Sidebar: Traffic Management System Requirements. Afterword. Appendix: Object-Oriented Programming Languages. A.1 Concepts. A.2 Smalltalk. A.3 Object Pascal. A.4 C++. A.5 Common Lisp Object System. A.6 Ada. A.7 Eiffel. A.8 Other Object-Oriented Programming Languages. Notes. Glossary. Classified Bibliography. A. Classification. B. Object-Oriented Analysis. C. Object-Oriented Applications. D. Object-Oriented Architectures. E. Object Oriented Databases. F. Object-Oriented Design. G. Object-Oriented Programming. H. Software Engineering. I. Special References. J. Theory. K. Tools and Environments. Index. 0805353402T04062001
3-Acetyl-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one

In the title coumarin derivative, C13H12O4, the 2H-chromene ring system is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.047 (1) Å]. An intramolecular hydrogen bond is observed between the hydroxy and the ketonic O atoms. In the crystal, pairs of intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link inversion-related molecules into dimers. Additional intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds further interconnect these dimers into two-dimensional arrays incorporating R 2 2(9) ring motifs.
Overweight and Obesity among Yazd University Students

Abstract: Objective: Obesity is a major health problem. Overweight and obesity have been identified as one of the 10 leading health indicators. This study was designed to evaluate the Body Mass Index in Iranian university student sample. Materials and Methods : This was a cross-sectional study on 911 Iranian university students aged 18-25 years who were selected by simple random sampling. Weight, height and BMI were measured for all subjects. Body mass index was calculated as weight divided by the square of height. The measurements were compared between two genders. Subjects were classified according to their BMI into underweight, normal, overweight, obese, and extreme obese. Data was analyzed by SPSS (Ver. 19). Results : A total of 911 Iranian university students (475 males and 436 females), 18-25 years old entered the study. Most subjects (639 persons) had normal weight. Five percent were underweight, 20.9% overweight and 3.8% obese and only one subject suffered from morbid obesity.
3-Diethylamino-6-[(Z)-(4-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dienone

In the molecule of the title compound, C17H20N2O2, the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 6.23 (22)°. Intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding involving the amine H atom and the carbonyl O atom affects the conformation of the molecule. One of the ethyl arms is disordered over two conformations, with occupancies of 0.59 (2) and 0.41 (2). The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and weak C—H⋯π interactions.
5-Diethylamino-2-[(E)-(4-ethoxyphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol

The title compound, C19H24N2O2, adopts the phenol–imine tautomeric form. An intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond results in the formation of a six-membered ring. The aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 17.33 (16)°. Intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions occur in the crystal.
2,2,2-Tribromo-N-(3-chlorophenyl)acetamide

In the title compound, C8H5Br3ClNO, the conformation of the N—H bond is anti to the 3-chloro substituent in the benzene ring. An intramolecular N—H⋯Br hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, molecules are packed into infinite chains in the a-axis direction by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Tobacco Dependency Evaluation with Fagerstrom Test among the Entrants of Smoking Cessation Clinic

Background: Smoking is considered the first preventable cause of mortality worldwide. There are many predictive factors on smoking cessation including social, family and individual issues. High nicotine dependency is one of the factors that make the cessation harder for the smoker. There are several methods for estimating the nicotine dependency rate in practice among which Fagerstrom test is one of the most suitable and non-invasive ones. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from all smokers who had participated in the group therapy smoking cessation courses in Tehran smoking cessation clinic. The questionnaires were designed based on these data and nicotine dependency rate was evaluated via Fagerstrom test (FT). The smokers declared that they had quit smoking since the third session of the cessation course; this claim was confirmed by testing the expiratory carbon-monoxide rate. Finally, data were analyzed by using t-test and Chi-square test via SPSS software version 12. Results: There were 986 cases in this study including 786 (79.7%) males. Evaluation of the nicotine dependency rate showed that more than half of the smokers (n= 544, 55.2%) had high dependency, 330 (33.5%) had moderate dependency and 112 (11.3%) had low dependency. At the end of the course, 642 subjects quit smoking successfully. The maximum rate of success in cessation was among the smokers with low nicotine dependency (79 cases, 70.5%) and the minimum rate of success was among the smokers with high nicotine dependency (323 cases, 59.4%) (P=0.00). Conclusion: According to the results of this study smokers with high nicotine dependency had a low chance to quit successfully. Therefore, it is recommended to follow them up for a longer period of time and use combination therapy for them. (Tanaffos 2007; 6(4): 47-52)
4-(2,3,4-Trimethoxy-6-methylbenzylideneamino)phenol

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C17H19NO4, contains two independent molecules in which the dihedral angles between the two benzene rings are 83.1 (2) and 88.5 (2)°. Each molecule adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked by intermolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming two independent one-dimensional chains running along the b-axis direction.
Experiences of Formal Caregivers Providing Dementia Care to American Indians

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a significant public health concern for all elders in the United States. It is a particular concern for the American Indian (AI) population, which is one of the fastest aging populations in the United States and the smallest, most underrecognized, and most culturally diverse group in the country. A formal caregiver understanding of AD in the AI population is scarce. This phenomenological study was designed to discern what is known about AD in the AI population by exploring the cultural beliefs and experiences of formal caregivers who provide care for AI dementia patients. Specifically, this study sought to document formal caregiver and AI dementia beliefs about AD. Data came from four in-depth interviews that included three Western and one AI formal caregiver. These interviews explored the variability of cultural beliefs regarding AD and dementia among a sample of formal caregivers who minister to AI patients; in the interviews, these participants also provided examples of challenges they faced, providing a better cultural understanding of AI dementia. The findings included using a bicultural approach to AD, illuminating interactions between patient and provider, and fostering awareness of cultural competency. Research on this topic is critical in advancing cultural, public health, and evidence-based health practices regarding AI dementia patients. The potential implications for social change include enhancing cross cultural provider–patient interactions and advancing public health policy and practice for this underserved population. Many of the issues and challenges explored may have implications for other ethnocultural minority groups.
Tetrapyridinebis(trichloroacetato)nickel(II)

The title compound, [Ni(C2Cl3O2)2(C5H5N)4], was prepared by the reaction of pyridine and trichloroacetatonickel(II) in ethanol solution at room temperature. The NiII atom is located on a twofold rotation axis and has a slightly distorted octahedral coordination made up of four N atoms of the pyridine ligands and two O atoms of trichloroacetate anions. The molecular structure and packing are stabilized by intra- and intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions.
A Prospective Study Comparing the Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Metabolic Parameters in Healthy Muslims from Three Different Nationalities in Dubai

Objective: Many studies have evaluated the effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic parameters. None of the previous studies compared the effect of fasting on people from different ethnic backgrounds. We conducted this prospective study to assess fasting Ramadan on Body Mass Index (BMI) and metabolic parameters in healthy volunteers from different ethnic backgrounds. Methodology: We studied the effect of fasting during Ramadan on body mass index, fasting lipid profile, blood glucose and HBA1c in 49 healthy Muslim volunteers. These individuals belong to three different ethnicities; Pakistanis, Sudanese and Emiratis. The blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken on two occasions; one week before Ramadan and the second was collected with in two weeks after Ramadan. Results: There was a significant difference in body weight and BMI in all subjects of three nationalities at in of Ramadan fasting. There was no significant difference in fasting total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL observed in Sudanese and Emiratis group, but subjects belong to Pakistani group showed statistically significant rise in total cholesterol by end of Ramadan. HDL has significantly reduced while total cholesterol has increased significantly in females compared to males. There were no reported hypoglycaemic events. Conclusion: Fasting Ramadan led to a statistically significant reduction in weight and BMI in all participants in same model of fasting. Total cholesterol has increased significantly in the Pakistani group compared to other population at the end of Ramadan. We observed a statistically significant increase in the HDL in females in comparison to males by the end of Fasting Ramadan.