Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infrared diagnostics instrumentation design for the coherent electron cooling proof of principle experiment

The Coherent Electron Cooling Proof-of-Principle experiment [1] based on an FEL is currently under construction in the RHIC tunnel at BNL. Diagnostics for the experimental machine [2] are currently being designed, built and installed. This paper focuses on the design of the infrared diagnostic instrumentation downstream of the three tandem 2.8m long helical wiggler sections that will act on a 22MeV 68uA electron beam co-propagating with the 40GeV/u RHIC gold beam. The 14 um FEL radiation, or wiggler light, will be extracted from RHIC via a viewport in a downstream DX magnet cryostat and analysed by instrumentation on a nearby optics bench. Instruments concentrating on three parameters, namely intensity, spectral content, and transverse profile, will extract information from the wiggler light in an attempt to quantify the overlap of the electron and ion beams and act as an indicator of coherent cooling.
Interval-value Grey Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation based on the Preference of the Risk and Its Application

The objects under evaluation may have some uncertainties and different quantity and sufficiency of information,which makes the subjection degree,the degree that the objects attributed to some evaluation and corresponding grey degree are no more a certain number but usually a range.Aiming at the characteristics,the interval numbers is proposed to present grey degree.A index of risk which reflects the decision-maker's preference of risk is introduced to deal with the grey degree of the evaluation results and a formula of the sufficiency of the information is defined to transforms the results of the evaluation to a set of interval numbers,and based on this,the mathematical model of interval-valued grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is established.At last its application to the selection of the preferred project is given.It was shown from the results that the approach may be more reasonable,feasible and effective.
Ion acceleration from laser-plasma interaction in underdense to near-critical regime: wakefield effects and associated plasma structures

This work endeavoured to demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the interest of a spectral analysis of the radial ion emission, coupled to the quantitative observation of the excited plasma structures, to grasp more clearly the phenomena occurring when a laser interacts with a plasma. The fine tuning of the laser and plasma parameters made it possible to parametrically study in details the interaction. When the plasma peak density is varied from under- to quasi-overdense, the ion distributions change from a peak-like to a maxwellian-like shape, and exhibit strong modulations close to the laser wakefield resonance. This resonance is obtained when the pulse duration is close to half the plasma period. In this case, the accelerating mechanism is different from Coulomb explosion due to laser wakefield effects and influence of the plasma sheath at the edge of the laser-bored channel. Besides, for a given peak density, when the gradient scale length is increased, ion acceleration is suppressed and fundamental electromagnetic structures (soliton/vortex) appear and they were optically identified for the first time. Finally, close to the critical density, the efficient laser self-focusing leads to a very localized energy deposit, that entails an ultrafast electron expansion (within one picosecond) and the growth of an intense magnetic dipole heating further the electrons. Thanks to an innovative experimental setup, optical studies of magnetic fields within these structures are from now on possible. For these studies, technical means and diagnostics have been developed and simultaneously tested with success. They consist, on the one hand, in submillimetric very dense gas jets for a localized, stable and reproducible investigation within a wide range of plasma densities and profiles, and, on the other hand, in interferometer and polarimeter with high spatial and temporal resolutions, to inspect the laser propagation, along with densities and fields evolution inside the plasma.
Correlation of Symptoms of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Objective Sino Nasal Examination: A Prospective Observational Study

Article information Background: CT scan and Diagnostic nasal endoscopy [DNE] can both be used in diagnosis and management of Chronic rhinosinusitis [CRS]; however, it has been a matter of debate as to which of these two modalities is effective in terms of cost, ease off doing and better correlation Aim of the work: This study intends to correlate the severity of the symptoms of CRS with DNE and CT scan findings vis-a-vis correlating the scores between the two diagnostic modalities and concluding as to which off them is more effective. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study done at a tertiary teaching hospital. Patients satisfying the diagnostic criteria of CRS by American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery were shortlisted for study. The duration of symptoms and severity score of all patients was recorded. All participants were then subjected to CT scan and DNE. The Qualitative and quantitative variables were compared with help of Spearman Rank correlation coefficient test. A p-value of < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. SPSS version 19.0 was used for analysis. Results: A total of 128 patients diagnosed with CRS participated in the study. There were 56 [43.7%] males and 73 [57.03%] females. Correlation was between all the parameters such as severity score and CT Scan scores, severity score and DNE scores, CT scan scores and DNE scores [right side, left side and bilateral combined] were statistically significant. Conclusion: In the patients
Innovative Work Behavior and Its Relation to Knowledge Sharing among Nurses at Zagazig University Hospitals

Background: Hospitals are a knowledge-based environment due to speedily changing medical technologies and demanding knowledge and skillful capital. So, it requires a skillful nurse who is active and can be receptive to new ideas. Thus, knowledge sharing plays a remarkable role in innovation that creates a change in new knowledge and innovative behavior. Aim of the study: was to investigate the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior among nurses at Zagazig University Hospitals. Subjects and Methods: Research design: A descriptive correlational research design. Setting: The study was conducted in all Zagazig University Hospitals, Asharqia, Egypt. Subjects: Two types of samples were utilized: 1) A stratified random sample of 375staff nurses and 2) A convenient sample of 100 head nurses who assess the level nurses' innovative work behavior Tools of data collection: Data were collected by using a knowledge sharing scale, innovative work behavior scale. Results: Indicated that 71.8 % of studied nurses had a moderate level of innovative work behavior. Additionally, (74.1 %) of studied nurses had ma oderate level of knowledge sharing. Conclusion : there was sa ignificant and direct association between knowledge sharing, nd innovative work behavior among nurses. Furthermore, nurses' knowledge sharing was a positive significant predictor of innovation work behavior among nurses. Recommendations: Nurse Managers should develop strategies to improve nurses' level of knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior. Also, staff nurses should learn how to work proactively, and make a difference at work for problem recognition and improve innovative behavior.
Time-Consistent Investment-Reinsurance Strategy for Mean-Variance Insurers With a Defaultable Security

This paper considers an optimal investment and reinsurance problem involving a defaultable security for an insurer under the mean-variance criterion in a jump-diffusion risk model. The insurer is allowed to purchase proportional reinsurance or acquire new business and invest in a financial market consisting of a risk-free bank account, a stock and a defaultable bond. From a game theoretic perspective, the extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman systems are established for the post-default case and the pre-default case, respectively. Furthermore, for the two cases, closed-form expressions for the optimal time-consistent investment-reinsurance strategies and the corresponding optimal value functions are derived, and some properties of the strategies are analyzed. Finally, some special cases of our model are presented, and numerical analysis is provided to illustrate our results.
Three-dimensional magnetic recording using ferromagnetic resonance

To meet the ever-increasing demand for data storage, future magnetic recording devices will need to be made three-dimensional by implementing multilayer recording. In this article, we present methods of detecting and manipulating the magnetization direction of a specific layer selectively in a vertically stacked multilayer magnetic system, which enable layer-selective read and write operations in three-dimensional magnetic recording devices. The principle behind the methods is ferromagnetic resonance excitation in a microwave magnetic field. By designing each magnetic recording layer to have a different ferromagnetic resonance frequency, magnetization excitation can be induced individually in each layer by tuning the frequency of an applied microwave magnetic field, and this selective magnetization excitation can be utilized for the layer-selective operations. Regarding media for three-dimensional recording, when layers of a perpendicular magnetic material are vertically stacked, dipolar interaction between multiple recording layers arises and is expected to cause problems, such as degradation of thermal stability and switching field distribution. To solve these problems, we propose the use of an antiferromagnetically coupled structure consisting of hard and soft magnetic layers. Because the stray fields from these two layers cancel each other, antiferromagnetically coupled media can reduce the dipolar interaction.
Psychosocial aspects of the use and provision of carsharing services in the Czech Republic

The concept of shared mobility involves a type of transportation based on advanced digital technologies which make it possible to approach mobility as a service. This concept seeks to reduce the need for individual ownership of means of transport and enhance the effectiveness of their use. The aim of this paper is – to identify the reasons for the use of carsharing services among Czech users and to reveal the perceived barriers and benefits from the perspective of both providers and users of carsharing services. In line with the objectives of the paper, qualitative research was chosen. The study is expected to describe the psychosocial aspects of the use of carsharing, and report experience with the provision of such services in the Czech Republic. Based on an interpretative phenomenological analysis, we found several reasons, benefits and barriers to the use and provision of B2C carsharing among 11 users and 4 providers. The contributions of this paper include the fact that it focuses on the experiences of both parties - carsharing providers and carsharing users, and it is the first study of this type that has been conducted in the Czech Republic. This deliverable was co-financed by the grant projects IGA_FF_2021_001 and IGA_FF_2021_018 (UPOL).
Numerical simulations of hydrodynamic particle interactions at low particle Reynolds number

Two-phase flows are of considerable importance in industry and in nature. Examples include: pneumatic transport in coal fired power stations; rockslides and avalanches; sandstorms; particle transport in the atmosphere, rivers and channels; flow in grain silos and of powdered pharmaceutical and food ingredients. Despite the ubiquity of such flows, many of the phenomena associated with them are poorly understood. When solid particles are suspended in the fluid and are not in a jammed state, a fruitful approach to modelling the system can be to describe it as a system of particles interacting both with each other and with an external field. In the specific case when the particles are far enough apart, the dominant interactions between particles are those mediated by the surrounding fluid rather than direct particleparticle interactions, possible only when the particles are touching. One of the most important phenomena observed in this regime is particle roping rather than being evenly dispersed throughout the fluid, particles congregate in one or more 'ropes' aligned with the flow direction. This can be a serious problem in coal fired power stations, which require coal dust to be evenly distributed to operate at maximum efficiency. This thesis presents a basic numerical study of particle-fluidparticle interactions under conditions characteristic of the roping phenomenon found after bends in the pneumatic transport systems of coal fired power plants. The main objectives of this work are to: I. Obtain a pair potential hydrodynamic force field from computational fluid dynamics simulations of two fixed spherical particles at low particle Reynolds number Estimate the magnitude of errors introduced by the pair potential approximation by comparing the two-particle system results with CFD simulations of systems of three fixed spherical particles Use many-particle Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the conditions under which clustering or roping occurs.
The Cohomology Ring of a Finite Abelian Group

The cohomology ring of a finite cyclic group was explicitly computed by Cartan and Eilenberg in their 1956 book on Homological Algebra [8]. It is surprising that the cohomology ring for the next simplest example, that of a finite abelian group, has still not been treated in a systematic way. The results that we do have are combinatorial in nature and have been obtained using “brute force” computations. In this thesis we will give a systematic method for computing the cohomology ring of a finite abelian group. A major ingredient in this treatment will be the Tate resolution of a commutative ring R (with trivial group action) over the group ring RG, for some finite abelian group G. Using the Tate resolution we will be able to compute the cohomology ring for a finite cyclic group, and confirm that this computation agrees with what is known from [8]. Then we will generalize this technique to compute the cohomology ring for a finite abelian group. The presentation we will give is simpler than what is in the literature to date. We will then see that a straightforward generalization of the Tate resolution from a group ring to an arbitrary ring defined by monic polynomials will yield a method for computing the Hochschild cohomology algebra of that ring. In particular we will re-prove Theorem 3.2, Lemma 4.1, Lemma 5.1, Theorem 5.2 and Theorem 6.2 from [11], and Theorem 3.9 from [15] in a much more unified way than they were originally proved. We will also be able to prove some new results.
Self-reported interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive attention differentially correspond to measures of visual attention and self-regard

Background Interoception, the perception of bodily functions and sensations, is a crucial contributor to cognition, emotion, and well-being. However, the relationship between these three processes is not well understood. Further, it is increasingly clear that dimensions of interoception differentially corresponds to these processes, yet this is only recently being explored. The present study addresses two important questions: Are subjective interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive attention related to self-regard and well-being? And are they related to exteroceptive (visual) attention? Methods Participants (N = 98; 29% women; aged 23–64 years) completed: a battery of questionnaires to assess subjective accuracy (how well one predicts bodily sensations), interoceptive attention (a tendency to notice bodily signals), self-regard (self-esteem, self-image, life satisfaction), state negative affect (depression, anxiety, and stress), a self-esteem Implicit Association Task (a measure of implicit self-esteem), and a flanker task to assess visual selective attention. Subjective interoceptive accuracy and attention served as dependent variables. Correlations and principal component analysis was used to establish correlations among variables and determine how, or whether, these measures are associated with subjective interoceptive accuracy or attention. Results Greater scores on measures of self-regard, implicit self-esteem, cognition and lower negative affect were broadly associated with greater subjective interoceptive accuracy. Conversely, only explicit self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and self-image corresponded to subjective interoceptive attention. An exploratory analysis with a more inclusive scale of interoceptive attention was conducted. Results of this exploratory analysis showed that the broader measure was a stronger correlate to self-regard than subjective interoceptive accuracy, though it, too, did not correlate with visual attention. In short, both subjective interoceptive accuracy and attention corresponded to well-being and mental health, but only accuracy was associated with exteroceptive attention. Conclusion These results add to a growing literature suggesting different dimensions of (subjective) interoception differentially correspond to indices of well-being. The links between exteroceptive and interoceptive attention, and their association with merit further study.
The predominance of investment in girls’ after-school education in China and the logic of family preferences

The gender gap within families regarding access to educational resources is an important social determinant of gender inequality. Contradicting the conventional “preferring sons to daughters” model of household resource allocation, many studies find that Chinese families nowadays prefer to invest in girls’ after-school education. This study focuses on this empirical fact that has not been examined in depth previously, and attempts to explore its key influence mechanisms. Starting from the theoretical context of intergenerational resource allocation, the article suggests two explanatory hypotheses – “change in family gender preferences” and “divergence between mothers’ and fathers’ gender preferences” – in the analysis of the succession of intergenerational preference patterns. An analysis of the China Education Panel Survey (2013–2014) data on families with male siblings and parents with different education levels is conducted. The statistical results show robustly that the presence of brothers in the family does not negatively impact girls’ access to after-school education, that in urban families girls have a pronounced advantage over boys, and that, overall, there has been a tentative shift from “son preference” to “daughter preference” in Chinese families. In addition, under reciprocal controls, the father's increased education has no significant effect on children but a significant positive effect of the mother's increased education is observed on girls’ access to after-school education, and the latter effect is even more pronounced among younger parents, exhibiting a clear pattern of “dual preferences”. These findings, at the empirical level, reveal that the increased family utility of girls compared to boys and the enhanced status of mothers in the process of social change have driven a shift in the logic of family gender preferences.
Use of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in Mashona heifers, under a J-Synch synchronization protocol, and its effect in pregnancy rate

O Objective: To evaluate the J-Synch protocol with two eCG doses in beef heifers during the summer in northeastern Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: 218 heifers (109/treatment) with a body weight of 350 ± 12.1 kg were used. A J-Synch protocol was applied in order to evaluate two eCG doses: T1 (250 IU) and T2 (300 IU). Subsequently, the total number of heifers from both treatments were inseminated at a fixed time (FTAI): 72 h after removing the device. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were recorded in the estrous percentage at first service (T1 = 91%; T2 = 96%) and in the repeating heifers (T1 = 25.2%; T2 = 19.2%). The insemination technician and coat color variables impacted the estrous percentage in repeating heifers. The pregnancy percentage at first service was 64.8% and 70.1% for T1 and T2 (p>0.05), respectively. The insemination technician had a variable effect on the pregnancy percentage, from 63.4% (the best-qualified technician) to 48.6% (the technician who obtained the lowest percentage). Study Limitations/Implications: The pregnancy rate in beef heifers will depend mainly on the experience and skill of the insemination technician. Findings/Conclusions: The same results were obtained regarding the presence of estrous and pregnancy in beef heifers during the summer season, either with 250 or 300 IU of eCG.
The Curvature Effect

Empirical work on visual aesthetics has found a strong preference for smooth curvature. The use of different tasks and exposures can clarify whether such a preference reflects immediate visual responses or higher cognitive processes, such as semantic associations. In three experiments, we used abstract irregular shapes and manipulated the contour (polygons vs. smoothed versions of polygons) but matched the stimuli for number of protrusions (vertices or curvature extrema) and number of concavities. In Experiment 1, shapes were presented for 120 ms, and observers produced a two-alternative forced-choice response (like or dislike). In Experiments 2 and 3, we used rating scales measuring liking and attractiveness, respectively, and the stimuli were presented until a response was made. Overall, smooth curved contours were preferred over angular contours, especially with immediate responses (Experiment 1). Moreover, shapes were preferred when they contained a balance between number of vertices and concavities (i.e., a lower proportion of concavities for a large number of vertices). However, a preference for shapes with the highest number of vertices and the least number of concavities occurred in the two-alternative forced-choice task (Experiment 1). In contrast, the reverse combination (i.e., star-like shapes) emerged with rating scales (Experiments 2 and 3). We conclude that the curvature effect is stable across tasks, although it is modulated subtly by some parametric variations (vertices and concavities) related to visual complexity.
The potential of extended cultural residencies for young children

ABSTRACT Although years of research efforts have investigated learning benefits from museum visits, relatively less attention has been paid to young children's experiences in these settings. Drawing on contextualist perspectives of learning, this paper seeks to address this gap, using two case studies to explore the experiences of children ages three to five who spent extended periods of time attending school in a museum setting. We draw on qualitative data from the evaluation of two museum-school partnerships, to investigate potential learning benefits of such experiences and elements that may have facilitated the outcomes observed. These two exploratory case studies indicate considerable potential for supporting language and communication skills in young children, as well as personal, social and emotional development. These outcomes appear to be linked to the rich nature of the experience, as well as its extended duration, which allowed it to be deeply child-centred, allowing for valuable learning from the museum environment.