Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Shade Matching in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

The pursuit of aesthetic excellence in dentistry, shaped by societal trends and digital advancements, highlights the critical role of precise shade matching in restorative procedures. Although conventional methods are prevalent, challenges such as shade guide variability and subjective interpretation necessitate a re-evaluation in the face of emerging non-proximity digital instruments. This systematic review employs PRISMA protocols and keyword-based search strategies spanning the Scopus®, PubMed.gov, and Web of ScienceTM databases, with the last updated search carried out in October 2023. The study aimed to synthesise literature that identified digital non-proximity recording instruments and associated colour spaces in dentistry and compare the clinical outcomes of digital systems with spectrophotometers and conventional visual methods. Utilising predefined criteria and resolving disagreements between two reviewers through Cohen’s kappa calculator, the review assessed 85 articles, with 33 included in a PICO model for clinical comparisons. The results reveal that 42% of studies employed the CIELAB colour space. Despite the challenges in study quality, non-proximity digital instruments demonstrated more consistent clinical outcomes than visual methods, akin to spectrophotometers, emphasising their efficacy in controlled conditions. The review underscores the evolving landscape of dental shade matching, recognising technological advancements and advocating for methodological rigor in dental research.
5GT-GAN: Enhancing Data Augmentation for 5G-Enabled Mobile Edge Computing in Smart Cities

This paper introduces 5GT-GAN, a novel approach leveraging generative adversarial networks (GANs) to create synthetic mobile Internet traffic data, particularly tailored to smart city applications. Given the challenges of data scarcity and privacy concerns in the context of 5G, generating synthetic data becomes a crucial aspect for effectively deploying AI-driven systems in real-world scenarios. 5GT-GAN integrates unsupervised GAN schemes with the ability to manage temporal dynamics through supervised autoregressive models, successfully generating large-scale synthetic mobile Internet traffic data. Our experimental results illustrate the superior performance of 5GT-GAN in terms of mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) compared to traditional models. The use of “Train Synthetic Test Real” (TSTR) and “Train Real Test Synthetic” (TRTS) methodologies affirmed the model’s effectiveness with (0.0023 MAE, 0.0074 MSE) and (0.0045 MAE, 0.0092 MSE) respectively. Moreover, the model’s runtime complexity of O(n log n) emphasized its efficiency in handling larger datasets, an edge over traditional models. The study also identifies potential future work in augmenting data for traffic prediction and integrating self-attention mechanisms to enhance the capabilities of the model further.
Environmental change in Crete: a 9000-year record of Holocene vegetation history and the effect of the Santorini eruption

Palynological investigations were carried out in the coastal lowland of northwestern Crete, in the area of Lake Kournas. Results comprise the longest continuous vegetation record (9000 radiocarbon years) for Crete. From about 8500 to 7500 BP, open deciduous-oak forest occurred and appears to reflect the driest conditions of the Holocene. After 7500 BP, tree-pollen numbers increase. Some of these tree species are thought to be autochthonous, but for at least six species this is doubted and the presence of their pollen is ascribed to long-distance transport. Up to 6000 BP, the local vegetation included deciduous and evergreen oaks, Pistacia, Phillyrea and a variety of herbs. Only after 7000 BP, some species, e.g., Mercurialis annua, Cynocrambe and spores of Pteridium, might indicate the effects of Neolithic habitation. Towards 6000 BP, plane tree and Styrax (storax) appear; from about 6000 BP, olive is present and human activity becomes more evident. Slowly, pollen types indicative of the exploitation of present-day Mediterranean vegetation, e.g., Poterium and Ericaceae, appear and the presence of the alga Gloeotrichia indicates a rise in phosphate. A striking aspect of the sediment core nearest to the sea is a pumice layer originating from the Theran (Santorini) eruption. From the manner of its deposition it is concluded that no tsunami met the Cretan beach. Influence of the eruption from Thera on the vegetation is hardly visible. Decrease of economically important cultivated plants, e.g., olive, already took place decades, up to about a century, before the volcanic eruption. Around the time of the eruption, the values of some pollen types hardly changed, others increased and another group decreased. This pollen behaviour appears to be explained rather by socio-economic changes, such as withdrawing of the inhabitants to the interior for reasons other than volcanic effects. It is concluded from the pollen cores that no major climatic changes affected northwestern Crete during the Holocene but the first two millennia of the Holocene tended to be drier than the following period when there was an increase in moisture-demanding trees. It is difficult to assign changes in the Cretan vegetation to climatic effects in a period when human impact was gathering strength.
Palaeomagnetic study of eastern Tibet-deformation of the Three Rivers region

SUMMARY A palaeomagnetic study was undertaken for Cretaceous red beds and granitic rocks of three geological provinces (the Lhasa, the Qiangtang and the Sichuan) along a road between Chengdu and Lhasa in eastern Tibet in an attempt to determine aspects of deformation of SE Asia. High-temperature characteristic directions were isolated from 20 sites. The tilt corrected data from the Qiangtang Terrane at Markam (29.7"N, 98.6"E) exhibit largely clockwise deflected declinations with steep inclinations (D = 48.2", I = 49.0", a95 = 8.8"), whereas the Lhasa Terrane at Basu (3O.l0N, 96.9"E) and the Sichuan province at Ya'an (3O.l0N, 103.0"E) have northerly directions with shallow inclinations (D = -3.9", I = 23.4", a95 = 19.2" and D = 2. lo, Z = 30.7", ag5 = 11.3", respectively). The palaeomagnetic data indicate that the Qiangtang Terrane was subjected to clockwise rotation through 50" with respect to the neighbouring provinces of the Lhasa and Sichuan since the Cretaceous. Tectonic deformation occurred later than the Cretaceous in the eastern part of the Qiangtang Terrane and formed the arcuate shape of the orogenic belt in the Three Rivers region.
Research Of Organic Pollution's Character In Songhua River

Songhua River lies in frigid area,the period of ice sealed lasts for five months every year.Its character of organic pollution is obviously different from other great rivers.The most important character is that organic poison pollution become more serious in period of ice sealed;The rder the source pollution from industry and Face the source pollution from The earth's surface path flow exist in Songhua River valley,The research indicates that organic pollution in Songhua River valley is majority from Order the source pollution;Organic poison contribute less content of COD_(Mn),to river, even nothing.The content of COD_(Mn) in river can't reflect the condition of the organic poison pollution.
The role of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) on landscape dynamics and lithic taphonomy in La Pastosa Islet, North Patagonia, Argentina

This study presents the results of a systematic survey of La Pastosa Islet, located 700 m off the west coast of Río Negro, Argentina. This small islet has the particularity of hosting the northernmost colony of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) to date and contains evidence of its use by hunter-gatherer groups during the late Holocene. This growing colony started around 2002 and has had a significant impact on the subsurface archeological record of the islet by increasing erosion and exposing buried materials through nest excavation, particularly lithic artifacts. The spatial analysis of the distribution of artifact and penguin burrows indicates that the actions of the latter generated a “snapshot” of the subsurface distribution of the lithic record. The observed distribution suggested higher discard rates at the center of the islet. Furthermore, this study shows the synergy between both types of records in the formation dynamics of the lithic landscape and the agency of penguins as active landscape engineers. Finally, the obtained results have important implications for the management of the protected sector of the recently established Islote Lobos National Park, within which the study area is located.
Exploring the Impact of Social Identity on the Bullying of Construction Industry Apprentices

Background: There is a lack of literature specifically examining the workplace bullying of apprentices and trainees in traditional, male-dominated sectors such as the Australian building and construction industry. Using social identity theory (SIT), the aim of this study was to gather the attitudes, thoughts, and feelings of construction industry leaders to better understand how social identification (i.e., group membership) impacts bullying on targets and perpetrators and the willingness to report bullying to targets and bystanders. Method: One-on-one, semi-structured interviews using a purposive sample of eight leaders from construction and blue-collar industries. Qualitative data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Four overarching themes were identified: difficulties for apprentices transitioning into industry, the need for continued improvement in industry culture, reluctance to report bullying, and rethinking apprenticeships to empower. Each theme provides insight into the psychosocial phenomenon of the bullying of trade apprentices and suggests that an apprentice’s level of social identification with work groups shapes how bullying is identified, interpreted, and prevented. Conclusion: Findings from this study will be important for tailoring evidence-based interventions, human resource policies, and initiatives for education and awareness training. Themes also highlight systemic inadequacies impacting apprentices’ mental health and skill development, with implications for the future sustainability of apprenticeship training agreements.
Therapeutic effects of lornoxicam-loaded nanomicellar formula in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease treated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including lornoxicam (LX). Nanocarriers have been used to increase the efficacy and reduce the side effects of various drugs. The objective of the present study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of systemic administration of lornoxicam-loaded nanomicellar formula (LX-NM) with that of free LX. Materials and methods: The LX-loaded mixed polymeric nanomicellar formula was prepared by direct equilibrium technique. Two rat models were used in the study: carrageenan-induced acute edema and Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced chronic arthritis. Results: The inhibitory effect of LX-NM on carrageenan-induced edema was higher than free LX for the same dose (1.3 mg/kg, i.p.). LX-NM (0.325 mg/kg, i.p.) produced effects comparable to that of diclofenac, which served as a standard. In the FCA model, daily treatment with LX-NM (0.325 mg/kg, i.p.) starting on day 14 significantly reduced the percentage of edema and increased weight growth. However, the same dose of LX failed to confer any significant change. Additionally, LX-NM significantly attenuated the rise of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α ), interleukin-1 β , prostaglandin E2, nuclear factor-κβ , malondialdehyde and nitric oxide serum levels. In contrast, LX failed to show any significant reduction in elevated serum biomarkers except for TNF-α . Conclusion: LX-NM is an alternative delivery system that is simply prepared at low costs. It showed a superior therapeutic efficacy against RA compared to free LX. Thus, LX-NM can be considered as a promising candidate for treatment of RA and similar inflammatory disorders.
DJAN: Deep Joint Adaptation Network for Wildlife Image Recognition

Simple Summary Identifying wildlife species is crucial in various wildlife monitoring tasks. In this paper, a wildlife image recognition approach is implemented based on deep learning with a joint adaptation network. This paper presents a joint adversarial learning approach and a cross-domain local and global representation learning approach. Utilizing the two approaches, a Deep Joint Adaptation Network model for wildlife image recognition is designed. The proposed model can yield high accuracy in wildlife image recognition and is beneficial to improve the generalization ability in complex environments. Our research is of the utmost importance for wildlife recognition and wildlife biodiversity monitoring. Abstract Wildlife recognition is of utmost importance for monitoring and preserving biodiversity. In recent years, deep-learning-based methods for wildlife image recognition have exhibited remarkable performance on specific datasets and are becoming a mainstream research direction. However, wildlife image recognition tasks face the challenge of weak generalization in open environments. In this paper, a Deep Joint Adaptation Network (DJAN) for wildlife image recognition is proposed to deal with the above issue by taking a transfer learning paradigm into consideration. To alleviate the distribution discrepancy between the known dataset and the target task dataset while enhancing the transferability of the model’s generated features, we introduce a correlation alignment constraint and a strategy of conditional adversarial training, which enhance the capability of individual domain adaptation modules. In addition, a transformer unit is utilized to capture the long-range relationships between the local and global feature representations, which facilitates better understanding of the overall structure and relationships within the image. The proposed approach is evaluated on a wildlife dataset; a series of experimental results testify that the DJAN model yields state-of-the-art results, and, compared to the best results obtained by the baseline methods, the average accuracy of identifying the eleven wildlife species improves by 3.6 percentage points.
A two-dimensional global dispersion model applied to several halocarbons

Undgren MITLRARIES Abstract This thesis investigates the use of a Lagrangian mean wind field in a two-dimensional tracer transport model. Advection by the Lagrangian mean circulation accounts for approximately 90% of the horizontal transport and all of the vertical transport in the model. A horizontal diffusion coefficient of 1.0x10 10 cm 2 /sec was introduced into the model to account for the variance in wind velocities, since the model uses seasonally-averaged wind fields. The model was applied to three chemical species: carbon tetrachloride, trichlorofluoromethane, and dichlorodifluoromethane. These halocarbons are of interest because of their potential for catalytic destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. They are primarily of anthropogenic origin and are modeled as having a source at ground level and a sink due to photodissociation in the stratosphere. The photodissociation lifetimes and the global and ground level trends were calculated and compared to observations obtained by the Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment.
Drift in the uppermost part of the ocean

Lagrangian drift velocities within the uppermost meter of the ocean mostly depend on the local wind forcing, turbulent mixing, and waves. While the interior part of the Ekman layer has been extensively studied using drogued drifters, the drift at—or very close to—the surface is less investigated. The wind response of surface currents on time scales from 1 h to 10 days is analyzed using two types of satellite‐tracked drifters: (i) spherical floats on the surface and (ii) drifters with a drogue centered at 70 cm depth. The response of drifting objects to wind and wave forcing is highly dependent on the vertical position, even within the upper meter of the ocean. The surface drifters are wind coherent for both cyclonic and anticyclonic subinertial frequencies. In contrast, the subsurface drift responds primarily to anticyclonic forcing that resonates with the intrinsic ocean dynamics.
Leaf area index and aboveground biomass estimation of an alpine peatland with a UAV multi-sensor approach

ABSTRACT Aboveground biomass (AGB) can serve as an indicator when estimating various biogeochemical processes in peatlands, an ecosystem which provides countless ecosystem services and plays a key role in climate regulation. While remote sensing has been extensively employed to assess AGB across vast areas in forested peatlands its application to small and treeless peatlands, which are typical of the alpine regions, has been limited. Due to the characteristics of peatlands, innovative approaches capable of capturing their fine-scale, highly heterogeneous and short-stature vegetation cover are needed. Likewise, other key requirements include an ability to overcome site accessibility barriers, cost-effective acquisition of datasets and minimizing damage of these protected habitats. Hence, the utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offers a viable means for mapping AGB in alpine peatlands. In this study, the AGB of the Val di Ciampo alpine peatland (Veneto Region, Italy) was estimated by combining datasets derived from in situ vegetation samples as well as UAV-based LiDAR, hyperspectral and RGB sensors. A limited number of vegetation samples were used to reduce the impact of the study on the ecosystem. The results indicate that a linear regression can model the relationship between AGB and Leaf Area Index (LAI) with a significant explanatory ability (R2 = 0.72; p < 0.001). Several indices derived from digital terrain model (DTM) morphologies, hyperspectral data, and orthophotos were tested using a multiple regression approach to determine their potential to enhance the model’s performance. Among these only the Double Difference (DD) index, derived from hyperspectral data, was found to slightly improve the model’s explanatory ability (R2 = 0.76). Overall, the findings of this study suggest that UAV LiDAR data provides the most reliable solution for estimating AGB in alpine peatlands, while the inclusion of hyperspectral data provides only a minor improvement in accuracy.
Estimation of Source Parameters of Local Earthquakes Originated in Shillong-Mikir Plateau and its Adjoining Region of Northeastern India

Abstract We estimate the source parameters (seismic moment, source radius, stress drop, and source displacement) and scaling laws for local earthquakes that occurred in the Shillong–Mikir plateau, Assam Valley, and Arunachal Himalaya in northeast India during 2001–2008. The source parameters were determined using the spectral analysis of P waves from the vertical component seismograms, after correction for attenuation. Seismic moments are observed within the range from 9.51×10 12 to ; stress drop ranges from 4×10 5 to 9×10 7 Pa for the Brune model and 7×10 5 to 1×10 8 Pa for the Madariaga model. Seismic events in this study are prominent with an average stress drop of 0.1–10 MPa. The effect of site geology may be a contributing factor for such a variation in stress drop. Source dimensions are, however, found to be smaller within the major part of the plateau. It is suggested that local earthquakes in the region are associated with a brittle shear‐failure mechanism on fault segments and/or the presence of weakened zones, and earthquakes are triggered by low deviatoric stress. Empirical relations between M w – M L and M 0 – M L are developed leading to the future prediction of calibration coefficients for the local earthquakes in the Shillong–Mikir plateau and its adjoining region. Online Material: Tables of source parameters.
Fluid channeling along thrust zones: the Lagonegro case history, southern Apennines, Italy

A regional study on late burial, syntectonic dolomites and syntectonic calcite and quartz veins occurring in the hemipelagic Triassic–Jurassic succession of the Lagonegro Basin (southern Apennines) was carried out by integrating fieldwork with structural, fluid inclusion, and geochemical investigations on both surface and subsurface samples. The main goal was to characterize the different parent fluids, channeled along a major, out of sequence thrust zone. We also investigated calcite veins from the deeper tectonic melange zone. The results point out that the fluids at peak burial conditions, during the first deformation stage, were characterized by temperatures of 120–140°C and salinities averaging 2 wt% NaCl eq. Fluids channeled along the late, out of sequence thrust zone and responsible for partial dolomitization of the succession had lower temperatures (Th = 95 ± 10°C) and salinities in the range of slightly modified to normal marine seawater (mean at 3.7 wt% NaCl eq). Similar low salinities are encountered in late dolomites from other fold-and-thrust belts of Italy. The most probable source for the fluids channeled along the investigated out of sequence thrust zone is represented by Miocene marine pore waters expelled from the tectonic melange zone. A comparison of the Lagonegro dolomites with similar late stages carbonates formed in other fold-and-thrust belts suggests that fluid salinities appear to be controlled by the different lithologies of the fold-and-thrust belts decollement surfaces.
The coral reef of Nijar, Messinian (uppermost Miocene), Almeria Province, S. E. Spain

ABSTRACT The Nijar Reef is a thoroughly exposed and representative example of the Messinian coral reefs outcropping along the periphery of the western Mediterranean. Facies patterns in the Nijar Reef Complex are presented in this paper as a generalized guide or model for the study of other Messinian reefs. Messinian paleogeography of this area was characterized by an archipelago whose islands are present-day "Sierras. " At the beginning of the Messinian and before development of the reefs, marine terrigenous sediments (Marginal Terrigenous Complex) were deposited on an irregular erosion surface on the metamorphic basement. The Reef Complex developed as a belt, fringing the positive areas (islands) when terrigenous deposition decreased. The Reef Complex consists of: 1) reef-core, constructed by a framework of vertical, branching colonies of Porites coated by laminated micrite (probably submarine cements), which form pinnacles as well as thickets; and 2) fore-reef, made of sloping beds of broken skeletons and debris. The fore-reef is subdivided into: i) reef-talus slope, ii) proximal slope, and iii) distal slope. The reef talus forms massive strata with dips of 20-30° and abundant pebble-to-boulder size slumped blocks of reef-core and coral breccia. The proximal slope shows dips of 10-20° of well-bedded, thick strata with internal parallel layering of granule to sand-size skeletal calcarenites. The distal slope is made of predominant bioturbated skeletal calcisiltites and fine-grained calcarenites with ngles lower than 10°. The distal slope grades into the basinal pelagic marls of the Nijar plains. The original reef morphology is well-preserved in present-day topography, with relicts of pinnacles, reef valleys, and slopes. Messinian volcanic highlands located to seaward complicated the local paleogeography with atoll-like features. Reef growth was concomitant with a gradual fall of sea level and occurred before the Messinian gypsum was deposited on top of the basinal marls in what is now the plains area. The Reef Complex is partially truncated by a major erosion surface, and it is overlain by oolitic shoals and stromatolites of the so-called Terminal Carbonate Complex. The Terminal Complex is interpreted as an upslope equivalent (in age) to the Messinian Upper Evaporite, and it implies a new cycle of sea level rise.