Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbiological, sensory and post-acidification evaluation during shelf-life of fermented milks containing Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus

Taste and acidity sensorial attributes, pH, titratable acidity and microbial counts of milks fermented separately by Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus and a beverage prepared by mixing them were studied during 21 days at 4oC. The mixed beverage and Str. thermophilus fermented milk did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) for the sensorial attributes among them. Milk fermented by Str. thermophilus showed the highest titratable acidity and the lowest pH while milk fermented by Bif. longum showed the lowest titratable acidity and the highest pH. Str. thermophilus and Bif. longum counts remained constant in the beverage and in the separated fermented milks, during the 21 days of storage, while Lb. acidophilus counts were reduced by 1 log cycle.
The richness–heterogeneity relationship differs between heterogeneity measures within and among habitats

The positive monotonic relationship between habitat heterogeneity and species richness is a cornerstone of ecology. Recently, it was suggested that this relationship should be unimodal rather than monotonic due to a tradeoff between environmental heterogeneity and population sizes, which increases local species extinctions at high heterogeneity levels. Here, we studied the richness–heterogeneity relationship for an avian community using two different environmental variables, foliage-height diversity and cover type diversity. We analyzed the richness–heterogeneity within different habitat types (grasslands, savannas, or woodlands) and at the landscape scale. We found strong evidence that both positive and unimodal relationships exist at the landscape scale. Within habitats we found positive relationships between richness and heterogeneity in grasslands and woodlands, and unimodal relationships in savannas. We suggest that the length of the environmental heterogeneity gradient (which is affected by both spatial scale and the environmental variable being analyzed) affects the type of the richness–heterogeneity relationship. We conclude that the type of the relationship between species richness and environmental heterogeneity is non-ubiquitous, and varies both within and among habitats and environmental variables.
Immunomodulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of a mixture of three strains (administered in vitro) of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium bifidum) designed as Trilac, representing a part of normal human microflora on: 1) human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation, 2) profile of cytokine synthesis and 3) expression of monocyte and lymphocyte receptors, known to be involved in non-specific and specific immune responses. Trilac induced only a moderate proliferative response (about 10–20% of PHA-induced level) in PBMC. The CD4+ T cell was the responder subset. Trilac was a rather poor inducer of IFN-γ and IL-12, simultaneously inducing relatively higher expression of IL-10 and TNF-α. Trilac also induced an increase in the expression of some monocyte surface receptors (CD14, IL-2R, HLA-DR, ICAM-1, CD80), simultaneously having only slight effect on the expression of lymphocyte surface receptors, as determined by double colour flow cytometry. We conclude that stimulation of PBMC with commensal lactic acid bacteria ongoing in Trilac resulted in a characteristic pattern of immune response manifested by: a) restriction of pro-inflammatory activities (IL-10 prevailed over IL-12 and IFN-γ), b) significant activation of monocytes but rather slight T-cell induction. Hence, Trilac-induced immune activities may indicate its potential ability for limitation of pathogen-induced pro-inflammatory responses in microflora (via IL-10 action) and simultaneous induction of antimicrobial effect (via TNF-a induction and monocyte activation).
Effect of NaCl on the growth of whole plants and their corresponding callus cultures

The effect of NaCl on growth was examined for whole plants and callus cultures of a salt-sensitive glycophyte (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a salt-tolerant glycophyte (Beta vulgaris L.) and two halophytes (Atriplex undulata D. Dietr., which has salt glands, and Suaeda australis (R. Br.) Moq. , a succulent). Whole plants were grown in nutrient solution culture at NaCl concentrations of 0.1-250 mM. Callus cultures were initiated from the same seed stock, and similar saline regimes were imposed. Whole plant responses were characteristic for the various types of plants: P. vulgaris showed a decrease in growth with increasing salinity; B. vulgaris showed a slight increase in growth at the intermediate salt level and a decrease at higher levels; A. undulata and S. australis showed well defined growth optima at 62.5 mM and 125 mM NaCl, respectively. Callus cultures of P. vulgaris and the two halophytes grew very poorly when salinity was increased. Callus of B. vulgaris showed the same tolerance to salt as did the whole plants. Thus salt tolerance of the halophytes depends on the anatomical and physiological complexity of the intact plant while callus from B. vulgaris appears to have a mechanism(s) of salt tolerance which operates at the cellular level.
Sheep myiasis in south-west Scotland, with special reference to the species involved

1. Sheep myiasis was investigated in certain districts in Ayrshire, Arran and Argyllshire. 2. Larvae from cases of myiasis were collected and bred out in flyproof apparatus. 3. The fly season was found to last approximately from May till September, reaching its height in July and August. 4. The western districts were found to be the most heavily affected. 5. The flies were found to be partial to low-lying, sheltered ground, especially where much bracken was present. 6. The methods of carcass burial were found to be primitive and inadequate. In most of the farms dipping was carried out without sufficient attention to cleanliness and adequate time of immersion. 7. The hibernation of various species of blow-fly was studied. They were found to pass the winter as prepupae, pupation never occurring normally till April or May. 8. Several species of carrion-feeding blow-fly besides Lucilia sericata were found to be causing secondary myiasis, occasionally and in small numbers, in certain districts, mainly in the west. The species involved were: Lucilia caesar, L. illustris, Protophormia terraenovae, Calliphora erythrocephala, C. vomitoria and Muscina pabulorum. Four of these species Lucilia illustris, Protophormia terraenovae, Calliphora vomitoria and Muscina pabulorum have not previously been recorded from sheep. Records of cases in which these flies occurred are given.
WHICH IS THE MOST APPROPRIATE LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ ENTREPRENEURIAL INTEREST? A COMPARISON OF TWO KINDS of ACTION RESEARCH

Purpose of the study: This study introduced a new learning model called GEPPRAK (Grup: Group, Eksplorasi: Exploration, Pengembangan Ide: Idea Development, Penyusunan dan Presentasi Rencana Usaha: Preparation and Presentation of the Business Plan, Aksi dan Kompetisi: Action and Competition)and compared higher education students' interest change in entrepreneurship through the application of the GEPPRAK learning model and the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model. Methodology: This research was quantitative research with an experimental research design. The design in this study was the true experimental design using pre-test and post-test control group design. Data collection used documentation, observation, and questionnaire. Data analysis techniques in this study used an independent sample t-test using IBM SPSS 22. Main Findings: The results showed that entrepreneurship learning using the GEPPRAK learning model proved to be able to improve entrepreneurial interest better than the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in the experimental class in this study. Applications of this study: The results of this study can be used by teachers and lecturers as a reference for the selection of entrepreneurship learning models in schools and universities. Novelty/Originality of this study: The GEPPRAK learning model is a new learning model developed in Indonesia so that it still needs to be tested for its effectiveness in improving students’ entrepreneurial interest.
A preliminary analysis of the dynamics of within tree populations of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Sample logs were collected in Bavaria during 1983 from spruce trees attacked by each of the first two generations of Ips typographus. The logs were analysed by total removal of the bark and measurement of the density of the scolytid life stages and associates. Mortality occurring within attacked trees was assessed for each of the main scolytid life stages and summarized in the form of a partial life table in relation to the normalized infested height section of a tree. The influence of intraspecific competition, predation and parasitism are considered and discussed in relation to tree height section, bark thickness and scolytid density.
Big Bluestem Production and Forage Quality Responses to Burning Date and Fertilizer in Tallgrass Prairies

Tallgrass prairies are an important source of hay and summer forage in the Great Plains. A study was conducted in 1989 and 1990 on two excellent condition tallgrass prairies in eastern Nebraska to determine if the production and forage quality of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii var gerardii Vitman), the dominant warm-season grass, could be manipulated by burning on different dates in the spring and applying fertilizer. Vegetation was harvested at approximately 30-d intervals from mid-June to mid-August. Big bluestem was separated from the vegetation, weighed, analyzed for in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), crude protein concentration (CP), and neutral detergent fiber concentration (NDF) [. ]
A Pilot Study Indicating Valuation of C‑Reactive Protein for Disease Outcome in Sickle Hemoglobin Patients of Central India

Evidences support the fact that sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with a chronic inflammatory state characterized by haemolysis. C-reactive protein level (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count considered as biomarkers for inflammation. Also, elevation of serum total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are found to be associated with haemolysis, this makes LDH a nonspecific marker which has to be interpreted in a context of other markers of disease. The present study aims to assess the role of CRP levels, WBC counts, RBC counts, haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and LDH levels in sickle hemoglobin (HbS) patients. Blood samples of 10 HbS patients (six females and four males) attending M.Y. Hospital, Indore during the period of Aug to Oct 2019 were screened for CRP, LDH and Hb levels and RBC and WBC counts using latex enhanced immune-turbidimetric assay, LDH optimize DGKC kinetic and differential automated hematology analyzer respectively. Data (mean ± SEM) was analyzed using Graphpad Prism software using Tukey’s multiple comparison post-hoc test. The mean Hb levels (7.73 ± 0.81 g/dl) and RBC counts (3.21 ± 0.53 million/μl) were found to be significantly decreased (p˂ 0.001 and 0.01 respectively) and mean WBC co unts (15214.28 ± 1893.40 per mm3), CRP levels (85.73 ± 23.23 mg/l) and LDH levels (1334.00 ± 418.49 U/l) were found to be significantly increased (p˂ 0.0001, 0.01 and 0.01 respectively) in HbS patients in comparison with their respective controls. The variations in serum LDH and CRP levels are accompanied by changes in hematological parameters in HbS patients. These parameters may be considered as indicator of the severity of the disease.
Deciphering genetic mate choice: Not so simple in group‐housed conservation breeding programs

Incorporating mate choice into conservation breeding programs can improve reproduction and the retention of natural behaviors. However, different types of genetic‐based mate choice can have varied consequences for genetic diversity management. As a result, it is important to examine mechanisms of mate choice in captivity to assess its costs and benefits. Most research in this area has focused on experimental pairing trials; however, this resource‐intensive approach is not always feasible in captive settings and can interfere with other management constraints. We used generalized linear mixed models and permutation approaches to investigate overall breeding success in group‐housed Tasmanian devils at three nonmutually exclusive mate choice hypotheses: (a) advantage of heterozygous individuals, (b) advantage of dissimilar mates, and (c) optimum genetic distance, using both 1,948 genome‐wide SNPs and 12 MHC‐linked microsatellites. The managed devil insurance population is the largest such breeding program in Australia and is known to have high variance in reproductive success. We found that nongenetic factors such as age were the best predictors of breeding success in a competitive breeding scenario, with younger females and older males being more successful. We found no evidence of mate choice under the hypotheses tested. Mate choice varies among species and across environments, so we advocate for more studies in realistic captive management contexts as experimental or wild studies may not apply. Conservation managers must weigh up the need to wait for adequate sample sizes to detect mate choice with the risk that genetic changes may occur during this time in captivity. Our study shows that examining and integrating mate choice into the captive management of species housed in realistic, semi‐natural group‐based contexts may be more difficult than previously considered.
Double-edged knife: practices and perceptions of technology and digital security among Mexican journalists in violent contexts

ABSTRACT Violence against Mexican journalists has received significant attention from scholars at home and abroad during the last decade. However, though a diversity of issues have been consistently studied, there is one topic that is still largely neglected: the implications of technology for news workers’ security and their journalistic practice. Drawing on a set of semi-structured interviews with 93 journalists working in 23 of the most dangerous Mexican subnational entities, the aim of this article is to fill that gap. Empirical evidence from all over the country points to a nearly unanimous perception of digital technologies as being a “double-edged knife. ” This is because electronic devices and social media may be used as a tool for developing better reporting practices, but also as a weapon against journalists, through – for instance – online harassment or espionage.
Variation in Dispersal of Galjoen (Coracinus capensis) (Teleostei: Coracinidae) from a Marine Reserve

The dispersal of the surf-zone teleost galjoen (Coracinus capensis) from the De Hoop Marine Reserve, South Africa, was investigated. Over a period of 5.5 yr, 11 022 galjoen were tagged in the centre of the reserve. Most of the 1008 recoveries were at the site of release, while the remainder covered a distance of up to 1040 km. There was no difference with respect to age, sex, or season between those that dispersed and those that did not. Six models were developed to test the hypotheses that (1) galjoen are polymorphic with respect to dispersal behaviour, (2) nonreporting of tags masks a random dispersal process, and (3) the recovery distribution is the result of unequal movement rates in different areas. It is inferred from the likelihoods of the various models that the tagged population was polymorphic, with fish displaying either resident or nomadic behaviour. This conclusion is unaffected by a large uncertainty in the extent of nonreporting of recoveries, or by spatial variability of movement rates. Th.
Anomaly Detection Based on Disentangled Representation Learning

In the era of Internet of Things (IoT) and big data, collecting, processing and analyzing enormous data faces unprecedented challenges even when being stored in preprocessed form. Anomaly detection, statistically viewed as identifying outliers having low probabilities from the modelling of data distribution p(x), becomes more crucial. In this Master thesis, two (supervised and unsupervised) novel deep anomaly detection frameworks are presented which can achieve state-of-art performance on a range of datasets. Capsule net is an advanced artificial neural network, being able to encode intrinsic spatial relationship between parts and a whole. This property allows it to work as both a classifier and a deep autoencoder. Taking this advantage of CapsNet, a new anomaly detection technique named AnoCapsNet is proposed and three normality score functions are designed: predictionprobability-based (PP-based) normality score function, reconstruction-error-based (RE-based) normality score function, and a normality score function that combines prediction-probabilitybased and reconstruction-error-based together (named as PP+RE-based normality score function) for evaluating the “outlierness” of unseen images. The results on four datasets demonstrate that the PP-based method performs consistently well, while the RE-based approach is relatively sensitive to the similarity between labeled and unlabeled images. The PP+RE-based approach effectively takes advantages of both methods and achieves state-of-the-art results. In many situations, neither the domain of anomalous samples can be fully understood, nor the domain of the normal samples is straightforward. Thus deep generative models are more suitable than supervised methods in such cases. As a variant of variational autoencoder (VAE), β-VAE is designed for automated discovery of interpretable factorised latent representations from raw image data in a completely unsupervised manner. The t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), an unsupervised non-linear technique primarily used for data exploration and visualizing high-dimensional data, has advantages at creating a single map that reveals local and important global structure at many different scales. Taking advantages of both disentangled representation learning (using β-VAE as an implementation) and low-dimensional neighbor embedding (using t-SNE as an implementation), another novel anomaly detection approach named AnoDM (stands for Anomaly detection based on unsupervised Disentangled representation learning and Manifold learning) is presented. A new anomaly score function is defined by combining (1) β-VAE’s reconstruction error, and (2) latent representations’ distances in the t-SNE space. This is a general framework, thus any disentangled representation learning and low-dimensional embedding techniques can be applied. AnoDM is evaluated on both image and time-series data and achieves better results than models that use just one of the two measures and other existing advanced deep learning methods.
Helminths of Freshwater Fishes from the Metztitlán Canyon Reserve of the Biosphere, Hidalgo, Mexico

Abstract The occurrence of 6 species of helminth parasites (Clinostomum complanatum, Diplostomidae gen. sp., Posthodiplostomum minimum, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Glossocercus sp., Contracaecum sp.) is reported from 7 species of freshwater fishes (Chirostoma jordani, Astyanax mexicanus, Herichthys labridens, Oreochromis niloticus niloticus, Abramis brama, Cyprinus carpio carpio, and Poeciliopsis gracilis) in Metztitlán Lake (Laguna de Metztitlán), Reserva de la Biosfera Barranca de Metztitlán, Hidalgo, Mexico. Fish were collected between July 2002 and June 2003. The helminth fauna of H. labridens, an endangered species of Cichlidae, is described for the first time. Migratory birds of the families Ardeidae and Phalacrocoracidae appear to play an important role in the helminth species composition of fishes from Metztitlán Lake. All helminth species represent new records for this federally protected area of Hidalgo.
Environmental Factors Affecting the Diversity and Photosynthetic Pigments of Trentepohlia Species in Northern Thailand’s Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary

This study addressed the environmental factors that affect Trentepohlia spp. in the Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary at altitudes of 399 to 1,503 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.) during the rainy, winter, and summer seasons. Species were identified using characteristic morphological identification. The influence of environmental factors on the algae was analyzed using a statistical program, and seasonal changes in the quantity of photosynthetic pigments in the dominant species were evaluated. The average relative humidity was 69.34 ± 12.90%, the average temperature was 26.23 ± 3.79 °C, and the average light intensity was 139.78 ± 42.21 µmol photon m −2 s −1 . Thirteen species were found: Trentepohlia chapmanii , Trentepohlia sp. 1, Trentepohlia sp. 2, Trentepohlia sundarbanensis , Trentepohlia sp. 3, Trentepohlia rigidula , Trentepohlia sp. 4, Trentepohlia effusa , Trentepohlia monilia , Trentepohlia abietina , Trentepohlia sp. 5, Trentepohlia aurea , and Trentepohlia umbrina . The largest number of species (seven to nine) were found at lower altitudes, from 473 to 517 m a.s. l. Species diversity was greatest in the winter season (13 species). Species found at low attitude were grouped together (Group 1) and had the greatest diversity, and the remaining species were divided into Groups 2, 3, and 4. Environmental factors had both positive and negative influences on the species, especially T. chapmanii , which was found below 1,003 m a.s. l. , and T. monilia , which was found in areas with a high relative humidity of 74.50% to 83.93%. The ratio of the total carotenoids to chlorophyll of T. rigidula , the dominant species, was relatively high at 4.96:1, and the β-carotene content (46.89 %w/w) was highest during winter.
Anatomical and ultrastructural study of the secretory cavity development ofCitrus sinensis and Citrus limon: evaluation of schizolysigenous ontogeny

Summary The ontogeny and ultrastructure of secretory oil glands in the fruits of Citrus sinensis and Citrus limon were studied with light and electron microscopy (TEM). Oil glands were initiated by cell division in globular/oval clusters of young meristematic cells under or including also the epidermis. Successively, the central oil cells increased greatly in size by growth and coalescence of one or more vacuoles. Starting from these cells the oil cavity formation and enlargment occurred by schizogenous and lysigenous precesses which overlap one another. The separation of the cell walls, in both Citrus species, was accompanied by strong structural disorganization of the cytoplasm, loss of nuclei, plasmolysis, and followed by autolysis processes. Prior these changes a great quantity of oil droplets filled the cells. In Citrus sinensis this material was formed in the plastids; on the contrary, in Citrus limon oil droplets appeared only in the cytoplasm, and no connection with the plastids was observed. The processes of schizogeny and lysigeny occurred in a centrifugal direction. The peripheral oil chamber cells were so pushed outward and flattened with the progressive expansion of the gland cavity. Also these cells became vacuolated, showed schizogenous processes together with cytoplasm and nuclei breakdown. These cell modifications were preceded by an abundant essential oil synthesis. Electron dense material appeared in the cavity near the boundary cells. Among the cell layers surrounding the cavity, the outer peripheral cells showed very thick walls. These cells, probably, had a protective function, while the inner cells continued, at least in part, to produce and secrete oil compounds. In the two Citrus species the pattern of oil gland development was practically the same, except the different plastid behaviour.