Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of the NT-36 Array to a Distant Point-Like Light Source

In a short test experiment in 1994, the NT-36 detector in Lake Baikal was illuminated by a laser positioned at distances up to 150 m away from the nearest photomultiplier. Experiments of this kind provide a useful cross-check of the detector calibration and of water parameters measured with dedicated devices. Furthermore, they are inevitable to our understanding of how to identify distant quasi point-like events, e. g. high energy showers due to interaction of AGN neutrinos via the Glashow resonance. We present results of the measurements and discuss them with respect to absorption and scattering of light.
SURFACE PHOTOMETRY OF BARRED GALAXIES: GLOBAL STRUCTURE OF BARRED GALAXIES

Using the detailed two-dimensional surface photometry of 39 galaxies, the observed profiles are decomposed into spheroid, disk and bar components simultaneously. From the analyses of decomposition parameters, the correlations among the three components are investigated to find the global property of barred galaxies. And the lens and ring components, and spiral arm patterns are also examined with Hubble type and decomposition parameters.
SOME CRITERIA FOR STARLIKENESS AND STRONGLY STARLIKENESS

In this paper we derive certain sufficient conditions for starlikeness and strongly starlikeness of analytic functions in the unit disk. Our results generalize and refine the related results due to Li and Owa[l, 2] and Ramesha et al.[5]. Some other new results are also given.
Jets in Soft-Collinear Effective Theory

Factorization is the central ingredient in any theoretical prediction for collider experiments. I introduce a factorization formalism that can be applied to any desired observable, like event shapes or jet observables, for any number of jets and a wide range of jet algorithms in leptonic or hadronic collisions. This is achieved by using soft-collinear effective theory to prove the formal factorization of a generic fully-differential cross section in terms of a hard coefficient, and generic jet and soft functions. The factorization formula for any such observable immediately follows from our general result, including the precise definition of the functions appropriate for the observable in question.As a first application, I present a new prediction of angularity distributions in e+e- annihilation. Angularities tau_a are an infinite class of event shapes which vary in their sensitivity to the substructure of jets in the final state, controlled by a continuous parameter a < 2. I calculate angularity distributions for all a < 1 to first order in the strong coupling alpha_s and resum large logarithms in these distributions to next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy.I then apply SCET to the more exclusive case of jet shapes. In particular, I make predic- tions for quark and gluon jet shape distributions in N-jet final states in e+e- collisions, defined with a cone or recombination algorithm, where I measure some jet shape observable on a subset of these jets. I demonstrate the consistent renormalization-group running of the functions in the factoriza- tion theorem for any number of measured and unmeasured jets, any number of quark and gluon jets, and any angular size R of the jets, as long as R is much smaller than the angular separation between jets. I calculate the jet and soft functions for angularity jet shapes tau_a to next-to-leading order (NLO) in alpha_s and resum large logarithms of tau_a to next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy for both cone and kT -type jets.Finally, I apply SCET to the case of threshold resummmation at hadron colliders. Factor- ization theorems for processes at hadron colliders near the hadronic endpoint have largely focused on simple final states with either no jets (e.g., Drell-Yan) or one inclusive jet (e.g., deep inelastic scattering and prompt photon production). Factorization for the former type of process gives rise to a soft function that depends on timelike momenta whereas the soft function for the latter type depends on null momenta. I derive a factorization theorem that allows for an arbitrary number of jets, where the jets are defined with respect to a jet algorithm, together with any number of non- strongly interacting particles. I find the soft function in general depends on the null components of the soft momenta inside the jets and on the timelike component of the soft momentum outside of the jets. This generalizes and interpolates between the soft functions for the cases of no jets and one inclusive jet.
Financial Development and Economic Growth: An Instrumental Variables Approach

The objective of this article is to evaluate the effect of financial development on economic growth in the six countries of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States (EMCCAS) sub-region, during the period 2000-2020. To achieve our objective, we used the method of instrumental variables which are robust to autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity of errors and a possible problem of endogeneity. In addition, we used the Three Stages Least Squares method to test the robustness of our results. The results of the estimates revealed that there is an inverse relationship between financial intermediation and economic growth on the one hand and on the other hand, that there is a non-linear U-shaped relationship between the two variables. Therefore, the governments of the countries of the EMCCAS zone must implement policies aimed at supporting the guarantees of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) in their credit granting processes with banks or financial institutions.
Structure and dislocation development in mono‐like silicon

The current paper investigates the structure of low‐lifetime areas observed in a <110>‐oriented mono‐like silicon ingot grown from monocrystalline seeds. These areas are related to dislocation clusters forming at seed junctions and several generation mechanisms are discussed. Dislocations generated due to physical contact between seeds could only be completely avoided by introducing gaps between the seeds. Large gaps were, however, found to suffer from alternative generation processes not found in small gaps. Dislocations generated in the seeds and in peripheral grains does not necessarily move in to the main crystal and low‐lifetime areas are mainly related to dislocations generated above the seeding structure. Dislocations are found to form clusters aligning along <111>‐directions and are proposed to happen by glide on {111}‐planes from the boundary plane between two seed crystals. The extent of low‐lifetime areas and corresponding dislocation clusters, for junctions containing no or small gaps, appear to mainly depend on the misorientation between seeds and by attaining sufficiently low misorientation the high bulk lifetime can be retained also at the junctions. Analysis of the misorientations along principal axes indicates that larger misorientations can be tolerated if the misorientation is limited to a single tilt axis.
Sieve Bootstrap for Strongly Dependent Stationary Processes

This paper studies the properties of the sieve bootstrap for a class of linear processes which exhibit strong dependence. The sieve bootstrap scheme is based on residual resampling from autoregressive approximations the order of which increases slowly with the sample size. The first-order asymptotic validity of the sieve bootstrap is established in the case of the sample mean and sample autocovariances. The finite-sample properties of the method are also investigated by means of Monte Carlo experiments.
Personality development in immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents: Disruption or maturation?

This study examined gender and immigrant status differences in stability and change in the Big Five traits in a sample of early adolescents in Greece from economically disadvantaged schools with a high immigrant composition (65% first- or second-generation immigrants). Youth in the sample (N = 1252, 46% female, ages 12–13 at time 1) self-reported Big Five traits annually for 3 years. Mean-level and rank-order stability were examined separately by gender and immigration history. Growth modeling of mean-level scores showed declines in all five personality traits for both genders between ages 12 and 14, followed by increases in conscientiousness for girls and boys, and increases in agreeableness and openness to experience for boys only. In sensitivity analyses, boys showed disruption at all levels of perceived economic stress, but only girls with high levels of perceived economic stress showed disruption. Trajectories were similar for immigrant and non-immigrant youth, suggesting that immigrant youth did not show greater mean-level disruption. However, immigrant youth reported lower means on all traits except emotional stability. Rank-order stability was moderately strong over 3 years and comparable across both genders and immigration histories. Results in this high-risk sample supported the disruption hypothesis and suggest that immigration experiences are associated with personality development.
A Tradition of Public Service in Families

While much is known about the public sector workforce, less is known about parental influences as a determinant of public sector work. This paper begins to answer this question by estimating a simple model of intergenerational transmission to test whether public sector work is passed down in families. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and its intergenerational component indicate that children of public sector mothers are five percentage points (42%) more likely to work in the public sector than the children of private sector mothers. Heterogeneity analyses reveal the important role unions play in the transmission of public sector work. However, the main results do not vary by child race or gender. The results have implications for recruitment strategies in the public sector and highlight the role of parents as possible sources of public service motivation for children.
Critically damped CORDIC algorithm

The COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm has been widely used in evaluating elementary functions. It employs only basic arithmetic operations such as additions and shifts rather than multiplications. This attractive hardware property is achieved by restricting the operation at each iteration step to either positive or negative "pseudo rotations," so that the scale factor is a constant. However, because of this restriction the angular error does not converge directly towards zero. Instead, it asymptotically oscillates about zero like an underdamped second-order control system responding to a step input. Multiple overshots may also be observed during the convergence. According to control theory, this kind of convergence is not fast. In this paper, we develop a CORDIC algorithm with a critically damped convergence process by changing the restriction to either.
Long-term follow-up of autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for refractory lupus nephritis—a series study of 20 patients

Background Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (ASCT) improves immunologic homeostasis in autoimmune diseases. ASCT-treated refractory lupus nephritis (LN) has been reported. Nevertheless, the long-term outcome of patients with refractory LN after ASCT remains unknown. This study reports the outcomes of 20 refractory lupus patients with 10-year of follow-up after receiving ASCT. Methods Twenty-two patients with LN refractory to immunosuppressive therapy were enrolled. Twenty patients were examined closely and two cases died within 100 days after ASCT. Hematopoietic cell mobilization with cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was followed by collection of CD34+ positively selected cells. The conditioning regimen consisted of intravenous cyclophosphamide, rabbit antithymocyte globulin, methylprednisolone, and G-CSF. All immunosuppressive therapies were discontinued at the start of mobilization and corticosteroids were tapered rapidly after ASCT. Results Data was collected from 22 patients with refractory LN treated by ASCT. 59% were female, duration of lupus before ASCT was 46 (33–71) months, and median duration of follow-up after ASCT was 89.5 (56–108) months. 20 long-term followed up patients had an average follow-up time of 92 months (63.25–109.5). Eighteen patients achieved complete remission, one patient reached partial remission, one patient without remission started peritoneal dialysis at month 12, and one patient received short-term renal replacement therapy before ASCT started hemodialysis at 84 months after transplantation. Nine patients relapsed 10 times during the follow-up, and three patients received rituximab. Two patients relapsed during pregnancy after complete response and the Apgar scores of infants were 9 and 10, respectively. All nine patients received glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive medication after relapse and responded again. The 10-year overall survival, 10-year disease-free survival rate, and 10-year renal survival were 100%, 35%, and 90%, respectively. The rate of relapse was 45%. Complications included hypocytosis, infection, B-type insulin resistance syndrome, and monoclonal immunoglobulinemia. Conclusion This study suggests ASCT is effective and safety in treating refractory LN and is beneficial to improve their long-term outcomes.
HOW DO L1 MANDARIN CHINESE LEARNERS PRODUCE L2 ITALIAN SINGLETON AND GEMINATE CONSONANT CONTRASTS?

This study investigates L1 Mandarin Chinese - L2 Italian learners’ production of Italian singleton/geminate consonant contrast. 30 Chinese undergraduate students that varied in their Italian learning experience (10 first-year, 10 second-year and 10 third-year) and 10 native Italian speakers took part in a production experiment. They read, both in isolation and in carrier-sentences, 5 disyllabic minimal pairs contrasting in consonant length. Durations of target intervocalic consonants and preconsonantal vowels were measured and converted into duration ratios for statistical analyses. The results show that the Chinese learners were able to produce short-long differences for Italian singleton vs. geminate consonants, though their duration ratios were significantly smaller than those of the native speakers. As for preconsonantal vowels, while the native Italian speakers alternated between short vowels before geminate consonants and long vowels before singletons, the Chinese learners did not distinguish between pre-singleton and pre-geminate vowel durations. Moreover, though the three groups of Chinese learners had different learning experiences, they did not differ significantly in their productions of Italian consonant length contrast. These results indicate that, for Chinese learners, the mastery of Italian consonant length contrast represents a challenge and that an increased learning experience may not help.
Phenotypic Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Associated with the Main Mycoses of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Aims: To study the diversity of fungal pathogens associated with cashew mycoses in Togo. Study Design: This research project was initiated by the Mycology Research and Applications Unit of the Botany and Plant Ecology Laboratory (LBEV) in order to have adequate information on cashew mycoses in Togo. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology (LBEV) of the University of Lome (UL) and of Crop Protection and Biosafety Laboratory of Togolese Institute of Agronomic Research (ITRA), February to August 2020. Methodology: A total of 148 symptomatic samples (leaves, buds, inflorescences, nuts, and apples) were collected from cashew trees in the East Mono prefecture of Togo. Malt-agar medium supplemented with chloramphenicol at 0.5 g/l was used for the isolation of fungal pathogens. The characterization of these fungal pathogens was carried out from the 7th day based on their macroscopic (texture, color, diameter of growth) and microscopic (hypha, spore, fruiting body) characters. Results: This study revealed the presence of five mycoses in cashew orchards in the East Mono prefecture. These are leaf anthracnose, bud’s dieback, black rust, leaf yellowing, and powdery mildew. In total, 12 fungal genera were encountered and 14 species of fungal pathogens were identified on all the samples collected: Rhizopus sp. , Penicillium sp. , Mucor sp. , Sporotrichum sp. , Fusarium nivale, Fusarium moliniforme, Fusarium moliniforme var. subglutinans, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia geneculata, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria brassicisola, Beltrania rhombica Penz. , Thielavia coactilis Nicot, Helminthosporium avenae, Helminthosporium siccans, Phoma eupyrena, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: It would be of great interest to train cashew producers in the East Mono prefecture on the recognition of the symptoms of these mycoses and their management.
Cluster update for tensor network states

We propose a novel recursive way of updating the tensors in projected entangled pair states by evolving the tensor in imaginary time evolution on clusters of different sizes. This generalizes the so- called simple update method of Jiang et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 090603 (2008)] and the updating schemes in the single layer picture of Pi\v{z}orn et al. [Phys. Rev. A 83, 052321 (2011)]. A finite-size scaling of the observables as a function of the cluster size provides a remarkable improvement in the accuracy as compared to the simple update scheme. We benchmark our results on the hand of the spin 1/2 staggered dimerized antiferromagnetic model on the square lattice, and accurate results for the magnetization and the critical exponents are determined.
The disappearance of the progenitor of SN 2012aw in late-time imaging

We present new late-time near-infrared imaging of the site of the nearby core-collapse supernova SN 2012aw, confirming the disappearance of the point source identified by Fraser et al. and Van Dyk et al. as a candidate progenitor in both J and Ks filters. We remeasure the progenitor photometry, and find that both the J and Ks magnitudes of the source are consistent with those quoted in the literature. We also recover a marginal detection of the progenitor in H-band, for which we measure H = 19.67 +/- 0.40 mag. Comparing the luminosity of the progenitor to stellar evolutionary models, SN 2012aw appears to have resulted from the explosion of a 12.5 +/- 1.5 M-circle dot red supergiant.
Diversity, Biomass and Carbon Storage Potential of Some Tree Species in a Nigerian Natural Forest

This study was carried out to assess diversity, biomass and carbon storage potential of some tree species in a Nigerian forest. All trees with Dbh >10cm were enumerated. Tree growth variables, namely the Diameter at the base (Db), Diameter at breast height (Dbh), Diameter at the middle (Dm), Diameter at the top (Dt) and height, were measured for basal area and volume estimation and their frequency of occurrence was ascertained for tree diversity assessment. Fifty-six (56) trees distributed among 21 species and 11 families were enumerated in this study area. Some of these species were Acacia ataxacantha, Blighia sapida, Alstonia bonnie, Ceiba pentandra, Celtis zenkeri, Khaya ivorensis, etc. Funtumia elastica had the highest frequency of occurrence (11 stems) with a Relative Density of 19.64%. Therefore, it could be regarded as the most abundant tree species in the forest. Shannon Wiener index of 2.62 was recorded for this study with an evenness value of 0.86. Khaya senegalensis stored the highest carbon of 4.86 tonnes, and total Above Ground Biomass (ABG) of 53.64 g/m2, equivalent to 26.82 tonnes of Carbon was obtained for all the tree species. The results from this study showed that there is high level of forest degradation in the study area. Though, the forest could only store small amount of carbon but it has been able to reduce the amount of carbon escaping into the atmosphere. Conservative measures must be put in place to protect the forest from further degradation and this will go a long way in mitigating climate change by serving as carbon sinks.
Effects of Foliar Application of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Ash Nanoparticles on Stomatal Anatomy of Potato Leaf Plants ( Solanum tuberosum L.)

The productivity of potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in Indonesia is still low. Fertilization needs to be done to increase potato productivity. This study aimed to examine the effects of applying oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) ash nanoparticles on the anatomy of potato stomatal and leaf cells ( Solanum tuberosum L.). The research was carried out from March to June 2021 in the Sumberejo Village, Ngablak District, Magelang Regency, Central Java, and at the Agrobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The study used a single-factor treatment design with a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). The treatments tested included the foliar application of OPEFB ash nanoparticles at several concentration, consisting of 0% (control), 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%. The results showed that foliar application of nanoparticles OPEFB ash affected stomatal anatomy, namely guard cell width, stomatal aperture, and density. The application of OPEFB ash nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.3% was most effective in increasing the opening of stomata because it affects the activity of the photosynthetic process.
Statistical mechanics of granular media: An approach à la Boltzmann

We use an analogy with the statistical mechanics of gas to build the statistical mechanics of granular media. The case of an isotropic disordered packing of equal spheres submitted to an isotropic stress is considered. We use the assumption of a maximal disorder and the method of the Lagrange multipliers to demonstrate that the distribution of the force moduli decreases exponentially and obeys an exponential-decay statistics. This distribution results from the above hypotheses and from the existence of a mean stress, which acts as a constraint. This distribution is confirmed by experiments and simulations. We apply the same method to find the distribution of void defects of a granular assembly. It follows also an exponential-decay statistics.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practice by Small-Scale Farming Households in Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia

Climate change is a global event that poses one of humanity’s most serious threats. Consequently, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) provides a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to adapt to the effects of global climate change while lowering greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence farmers’ adoption of CSA practices in the Wondo Genet Woreda in southern Ethiopia. The study employed a mixed-methods approach with 213 randomly selected households (HHs). In the study, descriptive statistics, a composite score index, and an ordered logit regression model were used. Farmers’ awareness of CSA practices was high, which aided them in increasing farm income and farmland productivity. Tree planting, the use of organic manure, and the use of irrigation systems were the most CSA practices in the study area. Furthermore, the findings revealed that education, HH size, income, climate change perception, and farmland size all had statistically significant effects on farmers’ adoption of CSA. Meanwhile, the distance between the farm and the homestead had a negative and significant effect on the level of CSA adoption. Finally, socioeconomic factors should be considered when developing and implementing CSA programs for farmers.