Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Youths’ attitudes toward open discussion of suicide, preferred contexts, and the impact of Internet use: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study in Hong Kong

Background: Although the necessity and benefits of having the open and public discussion about suicide have been recognized, youths’ opinions regarding such discussion remain unknown. Aims: To explore youths’ attitudes toward open suicide discussion, particularly concerning their preference of discussion contexts and impacts of Internet use. Method: This exploratory sequential mixed-methods study targeted Hong Kong youths aged 15 to 19. A total of six focus groups and 12 individual interviews were held (N = 40). Topics included adolescents’ views of open suicide discussion, concerns, perceived benefits, and preferred contexts. The questionnaire survey (N = 1,676) was conducted subsequently to investigate the prevalence of youths’ perspectives on public discussion of suicide and relationships with discussion contexts, use of social media platforms, and motivations of online expression. Results: Qualitative findings revealed three types of attitudes toward open suicide discussion: reluctance, support, and indifference. Major barriers included cultural norms, topic sensitivity, privacy concerns, contagion effect, fear of embarrassment, and unpleasant experiences in school programs. Results of quantitative analyses showed that reluctance was the dominant attitude among adolescents, and taboo was the top concern. Variations in youths’ attitudes were related to gender, school academic banding, and suicide-related experiences. Notably, adolescents who had been exposed to suicide messages in contexts of peer networks and online platforms were more likely to endorse open suicide discussion. In addition, an increased likelihood of engaging in public suicide discussion was associated with the use of Instagram, WhatsApp, and Snapchat, and the motive of ‘expressing emotions and opinions’ online. Conclusions: Our results indicated a prevalent rejection among adolescents toward open suicide discussion, suggesting the issue of stigma, the need for tailored programs, the value of appropriate contexts, and the impact of Internet use. These findings may facilitate the development of school-based suicide prevention initiatives and the efficacy of online services for suicide-related communication.
The RMS survey: resolving kinematic distance ambiguities towards a sample of compact H ii regions using H i absorption

We present high-resolution Hi data obtained using the Australia Telescope Compact Array to resolve the near/far distance ambiguities towards a sample of compact Hii regions from the Red MSX Source (RMS) survey. The high resolution data are complemented with lower resolution archival Hi data extracted from the Southern and VLA Galactic Plane surveys. We resolve the distance ambiguity for nearly all of the 105 sources where the continuum was strong enough to allow analysis of the Hi absorption line structure. This represents another step in the determination of distances to the total RMS sample, which with over 1,000 massive young stellar objects and compact Hii regions, is the largest and most complete sample of its kind. The full sample will allow the distribution of massive star formation in the Galaxy to be examined.
Review: PD‐L1 as an emerging target in the treatment and prevention of keratinocytic skin cancer

Recent advances in the understanding and targeting of immune checkpoints have led to great progress in immune therapies against many forms of cancer. While many types of immune checkpoints are currently targeted in the clinic, this review will focus on recent research implicating the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) axis as an emerging focus for the treatment of keratinocytic tumors. PD‐L1 is of particular interest in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), as it is not only upregulated in these tumors but is stimulated by environmental ultraviolet exposure. This response may also make PD‐L1 an excellent target for photochemoprevention using topically applied small molecule inhibitors. Here, we summarize recent investigations on PD‐L1 expression and clinically relevant immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as well as small molecule agents targeting PD‐L1 that may be useful for clinical development aiming at treatment or prevention of NMSC.
Big I-functions

We introduce a new big I-function for certain GIT quotients W//G using the quasimap graph space from infinitesimally pointed $\mathbb{P}^1$ to the stack quotient [W/G]. This big I-function is expressible by the small I-function introduced in arXiv:0908.4446 [math.AG] and arXiv:1106.3724 [math.AG]. The I-function conjecturally generates the Lagrangian cone of Gromov-Witten theory for W//G defined by Givental. We prove the conjecture when W//G has a torus action with good properties.
Effects of Age and Attentional Focus on the Performance and Coordination of the Sit-to-Stand Task

Abstract This study investigated whether age and attentional focus affect synergy organization of sit-to-stand (STS). Young and older adults performed STS while holding a cup under internal (IF) and external focus (EF) instructions. Uncontrolled manifold analysis was used to decompose trial-to-trial variability in joint kinematics into variability that preserves (VUCM) and interferes (VORT) with the horizontal and vertical positions of the center of mass (CoM) and cup. VUCM was significantly higher than VORT for all variables in both age groups and focus conditions. Older adults demonstrated higher VUCM for all variables and higher VORT for all variables except the vertical position of the cup. IF instructions benefited older adults, leading to decreased VORT of the vertical position of CoM and horizontal and vertical positions of the cup.
Physical activity, sleep and affective wellbeing on the following day: An experience sampling study

This study aims to investigate the temporal links between physical activity, sleep and affective wellbeing in young adults. In particular, the aim was to examine whether physical activity is associated with sleep indicators in subsequent nights and, in turn, whether sleep was associated with improved affective wellbeing the next morning. Relatedly, moderation by baseline levels of depressive symptoms, sleep quality, habitual physical activity and gender was analysed. One‐hundred and forty‐seven individuals (85.7% female) aged 18–25 years old participated in an experience sampling study over 14 consecutive days. Participants received seven prompts per day, and answered questions about their physical activity and affective states. Every morning, participants also reported their sleep. Physical activity throughout the day was not related to sleep during the following night or to affective wellbeing the next morning. An exception to that pattern was that physical activity before 14:00 hours was associated with longer subsequent sleep duration. Better subjective sleep quality predicted affective wellbeing the next morning. Associations of physical activity, sleep and affective wellbeing were not moderated by baseline depressive symptoms, sleep quality or habitual physical activity. However, investigation of gender as a moderator revealed that moderate physical activity was associated with better subsequent sleep quality for males, but not for females. Overall, we found that physical activity is associated with better subsequent sleep for males, but not for females. Also, our study provides further evidence that better sleep quality is associated with the next morning's affective wellbeing.
Nurse leaders' work‐related well‐being—Relationships to a superior's transformational leadership style and structural empowerment

Abstract Aims To describe how nurse leaders' work‐related well‐being is related to a superior's transformational leadership style and structural empowerment. Background The demanding role of nurse leader means that these professionals experience emotional exhaustion and challenges with work–life balance. They can also be influenced by the leadership style of their own superiors. Methods A cross‐sectional questionnaire using two internationally validated scales, namely, the Transformational Leadership Scale and Conditions For Work Effectiveness Questionnaire‐II, was used. Statistical methods were applied during data analysis. Results A total of 155 nurse leaders participated completed the questionnaire. The participants' work‐related well‐being scores ranged from 8 to 10. The participants felt that their superiors employ transformational leadership. The dimension of feedback and rewards received the lowest scores, whereas the nurse leaders reported moderate overall empowerment levels. A nurse leader's work‐related well‐being was positively correlated with structural empowerment and their superior's leadership style. Conclusions Despite the fact that nurse leaders reported relatively high levels of work‐related well‐being, more attention should be paid on the feedback and rewards and on the support of superiors as they positively influence the work‐related well‐being. Implications for Nursing Management Transformational leadership should be supported in organisations and through education as it strengthens work‐related well‐being and structural empowerment of nurse leaders.
Sleep in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomnographic findings.

STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the polysomnographically measured sleep differences between multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE, All EBM databases, CINAHL, and PsycINFO inception to Mar 2022. A random effects model was applied to explore the pooled effect sizes of polysomnographic differences between MS patients and controls. RESULTS Thirteen studies were identified for meta-analysis. Meta-analyses revealed significant reductions in N2 and sleep efficiency, and increases in wake time after sleep onset, periodic limb movement index, and periodic limb movement arousal index in MS patients compared with controls. Meta-regression analyses showed that some of the heterogeneity was explained by age and daytime sleepiness of MS patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that polysomnographic abnormalities are present in MS. Our findings also underscore the need for a comprehensive PSG assessment of sleep changes in patients with MS. Furthermore, the effects of age and daytime sleepiness in MS patients on sleep changes should also be carefully considered and closely monitored in the management of MS.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Expression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Rat Heart, Liver, Kidney, Lung, Brain, and Small Intestine

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are monooxygenases that are expressed hepatically and extrahepatically and play an essential role in xenobiotic metabolism. Substantial scientific evidence indicates sex-specific differences between males and females in disease patterns and drug responses, which could be attributed, even partly, to differences in the expression and/or activity levels of P450 enzymes in different organs. In this study, we compared the mRNA and protein expression of P450 enzymes in different organs of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot techniques. We found significant sex- and organ-specific differences in several enzymes. Hepatic Cyp2c11, Cyp2c13, and Cyp4a2 showed male-specific expression, whereas Cyp2c12 showed female-specific expression. Cyp2e1 and Cyp4f enzymes demonstrated higher expression in the female heart and kidneys compared with males; however, they showed no significant sexual dimorphism in the liver. Male rats showed higher hepatic and renal Cyp1b1 levels. All assessed enzymes were found in the liver, but some were not expressed in other organs. At the protein expression level, CYP1A2, CYP3A, and CYP4A1 demonstrated higher expression levels in the females in several organs, including the liver. Elucidating sex-specific differences in P450 enzyme levels could help better understand differences in disease pathogeneses and drug responses between males and females and thus improve treatment strategies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study characterized the differences in the mRNA and protein expression levels of different cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes between male and female rats in the heart, liver, lung, kidney, brain, and small intestine. It demonstrated unique sex-specific differences in the different organs. This study is considered a big step towards elucidating sex-specific differences in P450 enzyme levels, which is largely important for achieving a better understanding of the differences between males and females in the disease’s processes and treatment outcomes.
Factors associated with the development of second primary tumours in head and neck cancer patients

Abstract Introduction The development of second primary tumours (SPTs) is one of the main causes of low survival in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). The aim of this study was to review the evidence about factors associated with developing SPTs in patients with HNC. Methods An updated systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines, and the search was performed in Pubmed and Scopus. Only original articles with a cohort or case–control design were included. Article quality was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results Thirty‐six and two case‐control studies were included, with quality medium (n = 5) to high (n = 33). Tobacco showed a significant association with SPT development, with risks ranging from 1.41 (95%CI: 1.04–1.91) to 5.52 (95%CI: 2.91–10.49). Regarding alcohol, risks ranged from 1.46 (95%CI: 1.12–1.91) to 21.3 (95%CI: 2.9–156). Location of the index tumour in the hypopharynx/oropharynx, absence of human papillomavirus and presence of a premalignant lesion also increased the risk of SPTs. More controversy was found for sex, age and other clinical factors of the tumour. Conclusion Toxic lifestyle habits and clinical factors were associated with the risk of SPTs in HNC patients. These findings may improve individualised prevention strategies in its follow‐up.
Rectal neuroendocrine tumors in a colon cancer screening colonoscopy program. Sixteen-year single institution experience

Abstract Objectives Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (rNETs) are potentially malignant lesions. In our study, we aimed to retrospectively check whether the rectal neuroendocrine tumors were found in colonoscopy examinations carried out as a part of Polish colonoscopy screening program (PCSP). Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed the colonoscopy and histopathological database of examinations conducted as a part of PCSP in our institution in the years 2005–2021. We also checked the method by which the tumor was removed, its characteristics based on photo documentations and followed up the patients. Results The 10568 colonoscopy examinations were performed in PCSP in the years 2005–2021. Seven patients with a mean age of 53 with rNETs (1 in every 1510 colonoscopy) were detected. The polyp mean size was 5 mm. All the lesions were well differentiated tumors. First half of the colonoscopy examinations was performed in the years 2005–2012 and in that time three rNETs were detected, four rNETs were detected in the years 2012–2021. Even despite their typical appearance the neuroendocrine origin was not suspected in majority of cases and all tumors, except one, were removed with improper method. One of the patients underwent transanal endoscopic microsurgery of the scar. All patients are disease free in median follow-up of 108 months. Conclusion Rectal NETs are detected in the screening colonoscopy program. In majority of cases, they are not suspected by endoscopists on colonoscopy, but diagnosed after removal in histopathological examinations. There is a need of education of endoscopists in recognition and methods of treatment of rNETs.
Breaking down the delta wing vortex: The role of vorticity in the breakdown process. Ph.D. Thesis Final Report

Experimental x-wire measurements of the flowfield above a 70 degree and 75 degree flat plate delta wing were performed at a Reynolds number of 250,000. Grids were taken normal to the wing at various chordwise locations for angles of attack of 20 degrees and 30 degrees. Axial and azimuthal vorticity distributions were derived from the velocity fields. The dependence of circulation on distance from the vortex core and on chordwise location was also examined. The effects of nondimensionalization in comparison with other experimental data is made. The results indicate that the circulation distribution scales with the local semispan and grows in a nearly linear fashion in the chordwise direction. The spanwise distribution of axial vorticity is severely altered through the breakdown region and the amount of vorticity present appears to reach a maximum immediately preceding breakdown. The axial velocity components with a negative sense, such as that found in the secondary vortex, seem to remain unaffected by changes in wing sweep or angle of attack, in direct contrast to the visible components. In addition, the inclusion of the local wing geometry into a previously derived correlation parameter allows the circulation of growing leading edge vortex flows to be reduced to a single curve.
Prolonged lipopolysaccharide‐induced illness elevates glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and suppresses peptide YY: A human‐randomized cross‐over trial

Severe systemic inflammation is associated with nausea, loss of appetite, and delayed gastric emptying, which increases hospitalization admission length and mortality rate. There is a lack of human controlled studies exploring gastric emptying rates and underlying mechanisms during inflammatory conditions. We aimed to investigate if systemic inflammation in young men delays gastro‐intestinal transit times, lowers motility, and affects gastrointestinal hormone secretion. This substudy of a randomized crossover trial investigated eight healthy young men on two separate occasions; (I) following an overnight fast (healthy conditions/HC) and (II) fasting and bedrest combined with two lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections of 1 ng kg−1 following an overnight fast and 0.5 ng kg−1 following another 24 h (systemic inflammation/SI). A standardized protein beverage and a SmartPill capsule (a wireless gastrointestinal monitoring system) were swallowed during each occasion. Whole gut transit time was comparable between HC and SI. SI decreased gastric mean pressure peak amplitude (p = 0.04) and increased pH rise across the pylorus and small bowel pH (p = 0.02) compared with HC. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 was elevated during SI compared with HC (p = 0.04). Peptide YY was lower during SI compared with HC (p = 0.007). Prolonged LPS exposure combined with fasting and bedrest elevated glucagon‐like peptide 1 concentrations, which may play a role for the nausea and loss of appetite typically associated with SI.
Identification of the BolA Protein Reveals a Novel Virulence Factor in K. pneumoniae That Contributes to Survival in Host

BolA has been characterized as an important transcriptional regulator, which is induced in the stationary phase of growth and affects different pathways directly associated with bacterial virulence. Here, we unraveled the role of BolA in several phenotypes associated with the process of cell morphology, siderophore production, biofilm formation, cell adhesion, tissue colonization, and liver abscess. ABSTRACT BolA has been characterized as an important transcriptional regulator, which is induced in the stationary phase of growth and is often associated with bacterial virulence. This study was initiated to elucidate the role of the BolA in the virulence of K. pneumoniae. Using a mouse infection model, we revealed bolA mutant strain yielded significantly decreased bacterial loads in the liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, and failed to form liver abscesses. Gene deletion demonstrated that the bolA was required for siderophore production, biofilm formation, and adhesion to human colon cancer epithelial cells HCT116. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) indicated that BolA could impact the expression of pulK, pulF, pulE, clpV, vgrG, entE, relA, and spoT genes on a genome-wide scale, which are related to type II secretion system (T2SS), type VI secretion system (T6SS), guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), and siderophore synthesis and contribute to fitness in the host. Furthermore, the metabolome analysis showed that the deletion of the bolA gene led to decreased pools of five metabolites: biotin, spermine, cadaverine, guanosine, and flavin adenine dinucleotide, all of which are involved in pathways related to virulence and stress resistance. Taken together, we provided evidence that BolA was a significant virulence factor in the ability of K. pneumoniae to survive, and this was an important step in progress to an understanding of the pathways underlying bacterial virulence. IMPORTANCE BolA has been characterized as an important transcriptional regulator, which is induced in the stationary phase of growth and affects different pathways directly associated with bacterial virulence. Here, we unraveled the role of BolA in several phenotypes associated with the process of cell morphology, siderophore production, biofilm formation, cell adhesion, tissue colonization, and liver abscess. We also uncovered the importance of BolA for the success of K. pneumoniae infection and provided new clues to the pathogenesis strategies of this organism. This work constitutes a relevant step toward an understanding of the role of BolA protein as a master regulator and virulence factor. Therefore, this study is of great importance for understanding the pathways underlying K. pneumoniae virulence and may contribute to public health care applications.
Cranial ecomorphology of turtles and neck retraction as a possible trigger of ecological diversification

Turtles have a highly modified body plan, including a rigid shell that constrains postcranial anatomy. Skull morphology and neck mobility may therefore be key to ecological specialization in turtles. However, the ecological signal of turtle skull morphologies has not been rigorously evaluated, leaving uncertainties about the roles of ecological adaptation and convergence. We evaluate turtle cranial ecomorphology using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods. Skull shape correlates with allometry, neck retraction capability, and different aquatic feeding ecologies. We find that ecological variables influence skull shape only, whereas a key functional variable (the capacity for neck retraction) influences both shape and size. Ecology and functional predictions from three‐dimensional shape are validated by high success rates for extant species, outperforming previous two‐dimensional approaches. We use this to infer ecological and functional traits of extinct species. Neck retraction evolved among crownward stem‐turtles by the Late Jurassic, signaling functional decoupling of the skull and neck from the shell, possibly linked to a major episode of ecomorphological diversification. We also find strong evidence for convergent ecological adaptations among marine groups. This includes parallel loss of neck retraction, evidence for active hunting, possible grazing, and suction feeding in extinct marine groups. Our large‐scale assessment of dietary and functional adaptation throughout turtle evolution reveals the timing and origin of their distinct ecomorphologies, and highlights the potential for ecology and function to have distinct effects on skull form.