Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Copper Deﬁciency Decreases Complex IV but Not Complex I, II, III, or V in the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in Rat Heart 1

Ithasbeendocumentedthatdietarycopper(Cu)deﬁciencyimpairsmitochondrialrespiratoryfunction,whichiscatalyzedby 5 membrane-bound multiple protein complexes. However, there are few reports on the simultaneous analysis of Cu effect on the subunit protein expression on all 5 protein complexes. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of Cu deﬁciencyoneachmitochondrialrespiratorycomplex’sproteinexpression inrathearttissuewithwestern-blotanalysis. MaleSprague-DawleyratswerefeddietsthatwereeitherCuadequate (6.0 m gCu/gdiet, n ¼ 5)orCudeﬁcient(0.3 m gCu/g diet, n ¼ 5) for 5 wk. The monoclonal antibody-based western-blot analysis suggested that the protein levels of 39-kDa and 30-kDasubunitsincomplexI;70-kDaand30-kDasubunitsincomplexII;coreIandcoreIIsubunitsincomplexIII;and a and b subunits of F1 complex in complex V in both high-salt buffer (HSB) and low-salt buffer (LSB) protein fractions from heart tissueofCu-deﬁcientratsdidnotdifferfromthoseofCu-adequaterats.However,theproteinlevelofcytochromecoxidase (CCO)subunit(COX)I,COXVb,andCOXVIbsubunitsincomplexIV(CCO)inbothHSBandLSBproteinfractionsfromheart tissueofCu-deﬁcientratswaslowerthanthoseofCu-adequaterats.Collectively,thesedatademonstratethatCudeﬁciency decreases each tested subunit protein expression of complex IV but not those of complex I, II, III, and V in mitochondrial respiratory complexes. J. Nutr. 137: 14–18, 2007.
Cross Talk between Type III Secretion and Flagellar Assembly Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (cid:1)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxicity is linked to a type III secretion system (T3SS) that delivers effectors into the host cell. We show here that a negative cross-control exists between T3SS and ﬂagellar assembly. We observed that, in a strain lacking ﬂagella, T3SS gene expression, effector secretion, and cytotoxicity were increased. Conversely, we revealed that ﬂagellar-gene expression and motility were decreased in a strain overproducing ExsA, the T3SS master regulator. Interestingly, a nonmotile strain lacking the ﬂagellar ﬁlament ( (cid:1) ﬂiC ) presented a hyperefﬁcient T3SS and a nonmotile strain assembling ﬂagella ( (cid:1) motAB ) did not. More intriguingly, a strain lacking motCD genes is a ﬂagellated strain with a slight defect in swimming. However, in this strain, T3SS gene expression was up-regulated. These results suggest that ﬂagellar assembly and/or mobility antagonizes the T3SS and that a negative cross talk exists between these two systems. An illustration of this is the visualization by electron microscopy of T3SS needles in a nonmotile P. aeruginosa strain, needles which otherwise are not detected. The molecular basis of the cross talk is complex and
AN ASSESSMENT OF ANEMIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH BALANCED AND UNBALANCED NUTRITION INTAKE AMONG EXPECTANT WOMEN

: Objective: The goal of our research was to discover the relevance of anaemia with nutrition amongst pregnant females. Methodology: This research was carried out at Allied Hospital, Faisalabad (August 2016 to July 2017). In our research, the total number of pregnant women ’ s were 250. All women ’ s which are included were second and third trimester of pregnancy. Two types of data “ qualitative and quantitative ” was collected. The data which was composed by questionnaire filling was qualitative data, consisting of female demographic information like the detail about women, her nutrition, her family members etc. the data which was composed through anaemia assessment along with included pregnant female ’ s haemoglobin level determination was quantitative data. Results: In our research, the total number of pregnant women ’ s were 250. Anaemia was found in ninety-three present (233) in numbers of pregnant females. Moderate anaemia in which haemoglobin range (Hb) is (7.0 to 9.9) g/dl was found in seventy percent of pregnant females whereas (5.2%) of pregnant females presented haemoglobin level less than 7 g/dl called severe anaemia. Mild anaemia (haemoglobin level 10.0 to 10.9) g/dl was found in 17.6% of women. Out of two hundred and fifty pregnant women, 232 were anaemia patient and also taking an unhealthy diet as well as the statically most important relationship was seen between imbalanced diet and anaemia occurrence. Conclusions: Our research presented expressive relation between the presence of anaemia in pregnant women and imbalance diet which are taken by them during pregnancy in specific areas of our study .
T HE I NFLUENCE OF A UDIT Q UALITY ON A UDITOR P ERFORMANCE WITH M EDIATING O RGANIZATIONAL C OMMITMENT AND O RGANIZATION C ULTURE

This study examines the effect of audit quality, good corporate governance, and transformational leadership on auditor performance with organizational commitment and organizational culture as mediation in public accounting firms in Malang and Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. This research model is quantitative with a population of 660 public accounting firms in Indonesia, with a sample of 150 active auditors in East Java. Data analysis techniques were performed with documentation from questionnaires and Structural Equation Modeling. The results found that audit quality, good corporate governance, and transformational leadership affect organizational commitment, organizational culture, and auditor performance. Organizational commitment and culture affect auditor performance. Audit quality, good corporate governance, and transformational leadership affect auditor performance through organizational commitment and organizational culture.
MESP1 knock-down in human iPSC attenuates early vascular progenitor cell differentiation after completed primitive streak specification.

MESP1 is a key transcription factor in development of early cardiovascular tissue and it is required for induction of the cardiomyocyte (CM) gene expression program, but its role in vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) specification is unclear. Here, we used inducible CRISPRi knock down of MESP1 to analyze the molecular processes of the early differentiation stages of human induced pluripotent stem cells into mesoderm and subsequently VSMC progenitor cells. We found that expression of the mesodermal marker, BRACHYURY (encoded by T ) was unaffected in MESP1 -KO cells as compared to wild type cells, and although another mesodermal marker MIXL1 was slightly decreased these data suggest timely mesodermal development. In contrast, the expression of the vascular cell surface marker KDR was delayed and CD31 and CD34 expression were substantially reduced in MESP1 -KO cells supporting delay of VSMC specification. In addition, mRNA array data revealed several other altered genes including the transcription factors SNAI1 and TWIST1 , that regulate EMT were both significantly decreased indicating that MESP1 -KO cells are less likely to undergo EMT during VSMC differentiation. Our study demonstrates that while leaving primitive streak and mesoderm markers unaffected, MESP1 expression is required for timely VSMC progenitor specification. Thus, MESP1 expression is essential for the molecular features behind both CM and VSMC early lineage specification. 45 46
The Women’s Health Initiative: the Food Environment, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure

Using data (n=60,775 women) from the Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Trial (WHI CT)— a national study of postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years — we analyzed cross-sectional associations between the availability of different types of food outlets in the 1.5 miles surrounding a woman’s residence, census tract neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES), body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP). We simultaneously modeled NSES and food outlets using linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for multiple socio-demographic factors, population density and random effects at the tract and metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level. We found significant associations between NSES, availability of food outlets and individual-level measurements of BMI and BP. As grocery store/supermarket availability increased from the 10th to the 90th percentile of its distribution, controlling for confounders, BMI was lower by 0.30 kg/m2. Conversely, as fast-food outlet availability increased from the 10th to the 90th percentile, BMI was higher by 0.28 kg/m2. When NSES increased from the 10th to the 90th percentile of its distribution, BMI was lower by 1.26 kg/m2. As NSES increased from the 10th to the 90th percentile, systolic and diastolic BP were lower by 1.11 mm and 0.40 mm Hg, respectively. As grocery store/supermarket outlet availability increased from the 10th and 90th percentiles diastolic BP was lower by 0.31 mm Hg. In this national sample of post-menopausal women, we found important independent associations between the food and socioeconomic environments and BMI and BP. These findings suggest that changes in the neighborhood environment may contribute to efforts to control obesity and hypertension.
Stochastic programming approach to process ﬂexibility design

Service and manufacturing ﬁrms often attempt to mitigate demand-supply mismatch risks by deploying ﬂexible resources that can be adapted to serve multiple demand classes. It is critical to evaluate the trade-off between the cost of investing in such resources and the resulting beneﬁts. In this paper, we show that the heavily advocated ‘‘chaining’’ heuristic can sometimes perform unsatisfactorily when resources are not perfectly ﬂexible. Alternatively, we propose an integer stochastic programming formulation as an attempt to optimize the ﬂexibility structure. Although it is intractable to compute the optimal solution exactly, we propose a Lagrangian-relaxation heuristic that generates high-quality solutions efﬁciently. Using computational experiments, we identify conditions under which our approach can outperform the popular chaining solution.
Age Increase of Estrogen Receptor- (cid:1) (ER (cid:1) ) in Cortical Astrocytes Impairs Neurotrophic Support in Male and Female Rats

Rodentmodelsshowdecreasedneuronalresponsestoestradiol(E2)duringaging(E2-desensitization) in association with reduced neuronal estrogen receptor (ER)- (cid:1) , but little is known about age changes ofE2-dependentastrocyticneurotrophicsupport.Becauseelevatedexpressionofastrocyteglialfibril-lary acidic protein (GFAP) is associated with impaired neurotrophic activity and because the GFAP promoter responds to ER (cid:1) , we investigated the role of astrocytic ER (cid:1) and ER (cid:2) in impaired astrocyte neurotrophic activity during aging. In vivo and in vitro, ER (cid:1) was increased greater than 50% with age in astrocytes from the cerebral cortex of male rats (24 vs 3 months), whereas ER (cid:2) did not change. In astrocytes from 3-month-old males, experimentally increasing the ER (cid:1) to ER (cid:2) ratio induced the aging phenotype of elevated GFAP and impaired E2-dependent neurite outgrowth. In 24-month-old male astrocytes, lowering ER (cid:1) reversed the age elevation of GFAP and partially restored E2-dependent neurite outgrowth. Mixed glia (astrocytes to microglia, 3:1) of both sexes also showed these age changes.Inamodelofperimenopause,mixedgliafrom9-to15-monthratsshowedE2desensitization: 9-month regular cyclers retained young-like ER (cid:1) to ER (cid:2) ratios and neurotrophic activity, whereas 9-month noncyclers had elevated ER (cid:1) and GFAP but low E2-dependent neurotrophic activity. In vivo, ER (cid:1) levels in cortical astrocytes were also elevated. The persisting effects of ovarian acyclicity in vitro are hypothesized to arise from steroidal perturbations during ovarian senescence. These findings suggest that increased astrocyte ER (cid:1) expression during aging contributes to the E2 desensitization of the neuronal responses in both sexes. ( Endocrinology 154: 2101–2113, 2013)
Interstrain Gene Transfer in Chlamydia trachomatis In Vitro: Mechanism and Signiﬁcance (cid:1) †

The high frequency of between-strain genetic recombinants of Chlamydia trachomatis among isolates obtained from human sexually transmitted infections suggests that lateral gene transfer (LGT) is an important means by which C. trachomatis generates variants that have enhanced relative ﬁtness. A mechanism for LGT in C. trachomatis has not been described, and investigation of this phenomenon by experimentation has been hampered by the obligate intracellular development of this pathogen. We describe here experiments that readily detected LGT between strains of C. trachomatis in vitro. Host cells were simultaneously infected with an oﬂoxacin-resistant (Ofx r ) mutant of a serovar L1 strain (L1:Ofx r -1) and a rifampin-resistant (Rif r ) mutant of a serovar D strain (D:Rif r -1). Development occurred in the absence of antibiotics, and the progeny were subjected to selection for Ofx r Rif r recombinants. The parental strains differed at many polymorphic nucleotide sites, and DNA sequencing was used to map genetic crossovers and to determine the parental sources of DNA segments in 14 recombinants. Depending on the assumed DNA donor, the estimated minimal length of the transferred DNA was > 123 kb in one recombinant but was > 336 to > 790 kb in all other recombinants. Such trans-DNA lengths have been associated only with conjugation in known microbial LGT systems, but natural DNA transformation remains a conceivable mechanism. LGT studies can now be
91 The Invisible Work of Maintenance in Community Health: Challenges and Opportunities for Digital Health to Support Frontline Health Workers in Karnataka, South India and for to Support Workers

Frontline health workers are the first and often the only access point to basic health care services in low-and-middle income countries. However, the work and the issues frontline health workers face are often invisible to the healthcare system, with limited resources to assist them. This study explores the work practices, challenges and roles of frontline health workers in community health with particular focus on pregnancy care in South India. Drawing on the notion of maintenance and articulation work, we describe the maintenance work of frontline health workers maintaining, anticipating, reconciling, and supporting care infrastructures beyond data collection practices. Our findings highlight how socio-cultural practices, perceptions, status, and existing systems influence maintenance work practices. Based on our findings, we suggest moving beyond the focus on training and performance to design CSCW tools to support the maintenance work of frontline health workers as ‘system-builders’ to make healthcare infrastructures work in community health. The Invisible Work of Maintenance in Community Health: Challenges Opportunities Digital Health Frontline Health in on everyday of Household the minutes Our study shows how frontline health workers care about their communities through different acts of kindness, moral choices and taking-on extra caregiving tasks. A touching example is the case of an Anganwadi worker (S1AW1) who went beyond her responsibilities and engaged in restoration work [67] caring for a family affected with HIV in her locality. When a couple confided that they could be HIV positive, she took them to different hospitals in the nearest town for testing while maintaining their privacy. She separately accompanied their two young children and got them tested, and their tests came out negative. The AWW commented “I had to hide this trip from the community, as there is a strong stigma attached with HIV, and people get shocked that children also have to be tested”. After the couple passed away, the AWW applied for their death certificates, registered the children under an educational scholarship scheme, and continues to help and look after the children as she “has a strong desire to do something for those children”.
Vitamin D Supplements and Total Cancer Incidence and Mortality: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background Previous meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation and total cancer incidence and mortality found inconsistent results, and most included trials administered generally low doses of vitamin D (≤ 1100 IU/day). We updat ed the meta-analysis by incorporating recent RCTs that have tested higher doses of vitamin D supplements. Conclusions In an updated meta-analysis of RCTs, vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced total cancer mortality but did not reduce total cancer incidence.
Creep Deformation and Stress Relaxation of a Martensitic P92 Steel at 650C

This paper develops methods to predict creep stress relaxation in the presence of combined boundary conditions and explores the influence of primary-secondary stress dependent creep properties on predictions for a martensitic P92 steel at temperature of 650°C. A series of forward creep and elastic follow-up experiments have been conducted. A summary is provided of empirical creep equations for forward creep and creep stress relaxation (elastic follow-up) tests, including the link to the experimental procedure. The creep stress relaxation tests have been performed with two rigs to give elastic follow-up factors of 1.17 and 1.7. Both time hardening and strain hardening approaches have been considered where the strain hardening model provided more accurate predictions compared to time hardening; except at relatively low stress levels. The difference between stress relaxations predicted using strain hardening and time hardening approaches are considerable. The model predicts the creep stress relaxation accurately in the early stage of relaxation, indicating that the majority of stress relaxation occurs where primary creep needs to be taken into account. This study highlights the importance of stress dependent creep model to predict stress relaxation, especially with high level of initial residual stresses.
Cumulative Incidence of Cancer among HIV-infected Individuals in North America

Background— Cancer is increasingly common among HIV patients given improved survival. Objective— To examine calendar trends in cumulative cancer incidence and hazard rate by HIV status. study 1996– Patients— 86,620 HIV-infected 196,987 uninfected adults Measurements— We estimated cancer-type-specific cumulative incidence by age 75 years by HIV status and calendar era, and examined calendar trends in cumulative incidence and hazard rates. Results— Cumulative incidences (%) of cancer by age 75 (HIV+/HIV−) were: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), 4.4/0.01; non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), 4.5/0.7; lung, 3.4/2.8; anal, 1.5/0.1; colorectal, 1.0/1.5; liver, 1.1/0.4; Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 0.9/0.1; melanoma, 0.5/0.6; and oral cavity/ pharyngeal, 0.8/0.8. Among HIV-infected subjects, we observed decreasing calendar trends in cumulative incidence and hazard rate for KS and NHL. For anal, colorectal and liver cancers, increasing cumulative incidence, but not hazard rate trends, were due to the decreasing mortality rate trend (−9% per year), allowing greater opportunity to be diagnosed with these cancer types. Despite decreasing hazard rate trends for lung, HL, and melanoma, we did not observe cumulative incidence trends due to the compensating effect of the declining mortality rate on cumulative incidence. Limitations— Secular trends in screening, smoking, and viral co-infections were not evaluated. Conclusions— Our analytic approach helped disentangle the effects of improved survival and changing cancer-specific hazard rates on cumulative incidence trends among patients. for KS, NHL, and lung cancer supports early and sustained ART and smoking cessation.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH TO PROBE THE PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (PBL) AS A PEDAGOGIC APPROACH FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

: Objective: To discover the function of Problem-based Learning (PBL) as a knowledge plan included an undergraduate prospectus of a medical university or to decide as to what scope it must substitute the conservative speech scheme. Methodology: We conducted this cross-sectional research at Services Hospital, Lahore in the timeframe of February 2017 to August 2017. The learning incorporated an entire of 141 students (both males and females). Out of these ninety-six were from a 3 rd year or forty-five from 4 th -year MBBS program. They were educated about the study plan. While this scheme was recently established to the student, an easy survey was scattered merely to recognize the students' viewpoint to this latest method of education. This survey controlled simply a few essential questions concerning their sympathetic of the PBL; whether it was improved than the speech method, pros or cons; whether it must completely substitute with the earlier method or a component of the entire prospectus is constant to the latest method. Result: Out of ninety-six 3 rd year students 67% (n=sixty-five) nominated for a grouping method, while almost partially 48% (n=twenty-two) preferential almost an entire alter to the PBL method. The entire out of the whole 141 students, 62% (n=eighty-eight) favoured a balanced mixture of the recognized lecture or PBL in a little group, while 38% (n=fifty-three) were in favours of merely “PBL” as an education policy. There was a dissimilarity in reply depending upon the intensity of the student. Conclusion: PBL has a considerable part in education policy in the undergraduate medical prospectus. The amount to which it must shape a piece of the entire teaching approach will depend upon the intensity or the partiality of the student.
10 ° C in Germany in 2009 – 2011

We aimed to understand relationships of the weather as biometeorological and hospital admissions due to diseases of arteries and veins by subtypes, which have been scarcely studied, in a national setting in recent years. This is an ecological study. Ten percent of daily hospital admissions from the included hospitals (n=1,618) across Germany that were available between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2011 (n=5,235,600) were extracted from Statistisches Bundesamt, Germany. We identified I70-I79 Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries and I80-I89 Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes by International Classification of Diseases version 10 as the study outcomes. Daily weather data from 64 weather stations that covered 13 German states including air temperature, humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, radiation flux and vapour pressure were obtained and generated into physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). Two-way fractional-polynomial prediction was plotted with 95 % confidence intervals. For most of the subtypes from diseases of arteries and veins, hospital admissions slightly peaked in spring and dropped when PETwas at 10 °C. There were no other large differences across 12months. Admissions of peripheral vascular diseases, arterial embolism and thrombosis, phlebitis and thrombophlebitis, oesophageal varices and nonspecific lymphadenitis peaked when PETwas between 0 and −10 °C, while others peaked when PET was between 0 and 10 °C. More medical resources could have been needed on days when PETs were at −10 to 10 °C than on other days. Adaptation to such weather change for health professionals and the general public would seem to be imperative.