Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indicators of physical activity and fitness of male students at Russian universities

Purpose: A significant volume of data on the level of physical activity and health of male students presents at the literature. Scientists use the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to collect data. Scientists point to the need to use objective practical tests that complement the IPAQ data. The purpose of the research is to search for objective data on the level of physical activity of undergraduate male students receiving education in Russian Federation. Material: Participants – male students (n=205, age-19-20 years). The period of research is March-April 2019. Students were divided into groups: G-1 – students (n=127) who did not have proof of their physical activity in sports and fitness, G-2 – students (n=78) who had provided confirmation. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in its extended version assessing four domains of activity, which was supplemented with original questions regarding perceived physical fitness (high, moderate, low) and favorite physical activity in sports and fitness was used in research. Students’ physical fitness profile testing is performed using Functional fitness assessment tests. The collected data were analysed using SPSS20. Physical fitness test results were compared by using Mann-Whitney U–test. Results: The IPAQ data indicate a significant (P<0.001) advantage of students (G-2) in total physical activity. Students (G-1) have a significant (P<0.01) advantage in the volume of physical activity at work. The volume of physical activity in sports and fitness is significantly higher (P<0.001) for students (G-2). Functional fitness tests showed a insufficient level of physical fitness of students (G-1 and G-2). The results indicate a significant (P<0.01) advantage of students (G-2) in physical profile. Conclusions: Russian male students have more total physical activity than male students from African countries, Turkey, Iran, and Ukraine, but have a significantly low total physical activity level than students from some European countries. The total physical activity volume of Russian university male students is slightly less than the recommended by experts (6000 minutes per week or more). The volume of validated physical activity in sports and fitness of Russian students is about 39 minutes per day. The level of physical fitness of Russian male students does not fully comply with the Functional fitness assessment tests targets. A large proportion of sports and fitness physical activity has a significant impact on the results of functional fitness tests. Data on favorite types of physical activity of Russian male students show a preference for young men to physically dominate their peers. Health preservation and health care are not the main aim of students.
Risk factors associated with substance use in female victims of abuse living in a context of poverty

espanolEl trabajo analiza la relacion entre el padecimiento de sucesos vitales estresantes y el consumo excesivo de alcohol y drogas en 136 mujeres victimas de violencia de genero de Nicaragua. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de una entrevista estructurada heteroaplicada disenada para este fin, que recoge sucesos vitales estresantes padecidos por las victimas a lo largo de su vida. Los resultados muestran que quienes padecieron distintos episodios de violencia desde la infancia consumieron alcohol y drogas en exceso. Ademas, el mayor predictor para el consumo de alcohol y drogas se encuentra entre quienes padecieron abuso sexual antes de los 18 anos. Por otra parte, los analisis Odds Ratio indican un aumento del riesgo para el consumo de sustancias cuando el abuso se produjo a edades tempranas. Pese a la relevancia para la salud de las victimas, existen pocos dispositivos en Nicaragua con los que atender a las victimas de violencia de genero hacia procesos de recuperacion, sobre todo para quienes han desarrollado estrategias de afrontamiento relacionados con el consumo excesivo de sustancias. EnglishThe work analyzes the relationship between the suffering of stressful life events and the excessive consumption of alcohol and drugs in 136 women victims of gender violence in Nicaragua. The data was obtained from a heteroapplied structured interview designed for this purpose, which collects stressful life events suffered by the victims throughout their lives. The results show that those who suffered different episodes of violence since childhood consumed alcohol and drugs in excess. In addition, the greatest predictor for alcohol and drug use is among those who suffered sexual abuse before age 18. On the other hand, the Odds Ratio analyzes indicate an increased risk for the consumption of substances when the abuse occurred at an early age. Despite the relevance for the health of the victims, there are few devices in Nicaragua with which to assist victims of gender violence towards recovery processes, especially for those who have developed coping strategies related to excessive substance use.
Effect of Hydration Status on Post-Synaptic Cutaneous Vasodilatory and Sudomotor Responses

Purpose: Previous research shows dehydration decreases sweating and skin blood flow during heat stress but it is unknown whether these decrements are from pre-synaptic (i.e. central nervous system) or post-synaptic (i.e. sweat gland/blood vessel) alterations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dehydration affects post-synaptic sweating and skin blood flow responses. We hypothesized that dehydration will negatively affect post-synaptic sweating and both endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation. Methods: 12 males (age= 25 ± 3 y, height = 178.4 ± 5.1 cm, body mass = 75.9 ± 10.9 kg) participated. 24 h before each trial, subjects were passively heated for ~2 h. In the euhydrated trial, subjects were given water to maintain euhydration and were encouraged to maintain hydration for the remainder of the day. In the dehydrated trial, subjects were not given any fluids during passive heating and were fluid restricted for the remainder of the day, which lead to a 2.2 ± 0.7 % body mass loss. Hydration status was confirmed by urine specific gravity (USG) and urine osmolality (UOSM) at the time of testing; dehydrated individuals had a USG >1.020 and a UOSM >700 mOsm/kg (mmol/kg). Seven incremental doses of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; induces endothelium-independent vasodilation; 5x10 to 5x10 M at 10-fold increments) and methylcholine (MCh; induces local sweating and endothelium-dependent vasodilation; 1x10 to 1x10 M at 10-fold increments) were administered via two subcutaneous fibers in the forearm (i.e. microdialysis). Local sweat rate (LSR) via ventilated capsule and cutaneous vascular conduction (CVC) via Laser Doppler were recorded over the site of drug administration at the last minute of each dose. At the end of the 7 dose, maximal vasodilation was elicited by delivering a maximal dose of SNP for 10 minutes followed by local heating of the skin (~44°C) for 30 min; all CVC data are expressed as %max CVC. A 2 (hydration) x 8 (dose) repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of dehydration on sweating and CVC responses. Paired t-tests were used to compare hydration biomarkers between trials. An alpha of <0.05 defined significance. Results: There were significant differences (all p < 0.01) in USG and UOSM when euhydrated versus dehydrated (USG: 1.009 ± 0.005 versus 1.028 ± 0.002; UOSM: 337 ± 174 versus 1085 ± 70 mOsm/kg, respectively). Dehydration did not significantly alter post-synaptic sweating or endothelium-dependent or independent CVC (i.e. SNP and MCh, respectively) responses (p > 0.05). Discussion: The hypothesis that dehydration negatively affects post-synaptic sweating and both endotheliumdependent and -independent vasodilation was not supported. Dehydration did not affect postsynaptic LSR and endothelium-independent or -dependent CVC. These findings suggest dehydration decreases sweating and cutaneous vasodilation via central mechanisms.
Perceptions of older adult jurors: the influence of aging stereotypes and jury laws

ABSTRACT The present study examined younger (18–30 years, N = 100) and older adults’ (66–89 years, N = 100) responses to a jury duty questionnaire assessing perceptions of jury duty, their capability to serve, and the capability of older adults to serve. We also explored perceptions of the senior jury opt-out law (a law that allows those over a certain age (e.g. 65 years) to opt-out of jury duty). We assessed why participants believe this law is in place and experimentally examined if informing older adults about this law impacted their jury questionnaire responses. Results demonstrated that older adults were significantly more likely to want to serve compared to younger adults; however, younger adults provided lower capability ratings of older adult jurors compared to older adults. Younger adults’ open-ended explanations for these ratings indicated negative aging stereotypes (i.e. in part, believing that older adult jurors are less capable because of declining health and biased beliefs). Older adults also had a significantly lower rate of agreement with the senior jury opt-out law. Although informing older adults about this law did not impact their perceptions of themselves as potential jurors, it did enforce more negative attitudes towards older adult jurors as a whole.
The Effect of Using Asthma Inhaler with and without Asthma Spacer on Blood O2 Saturation in Patients with Asthma

Background& Aim: Asthma is the most common respiratory tract disease. One of the drugs prescribing in the patients with asthma is inhalation spray or inhaler that is used with or without spacer. The effect of spacer on improving patients with asthma has always been under discussion. Hence, the aim of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of using inhaler on arterial O2 saturation (Sao2) with and without a spacer in patients with Asthma. Materials & Methods: this study was an interventional -experimental research that was concluded at hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical science in 2016. Sampling was done by random sampling method and 60 patients were selected and included in two groups, i.e. with spacer and without spacer. The data was collected within three consecutive days using questionnaire and data recording forms. The analyses were performed using SPSS 20 by two-way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Results: the average oxygen saturation in the asthmatic group increased from 87.7667±6.03257 on the first day to 88.9±5.86251 on the third day, and in the asthmatic group, it increased from 89.9667±5.01366 on the first day to 94.8±3.38760 on the third day. Between the levels of time, there was a significant difference between the two groups in asthmatic and non-asthmatic groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: given the results obtained from this study, it seems that using spacer with inhaler has a significantly positive effect on pulmonary function improvement and increasing blood oxygen saturation.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NICOTINE AND BODY WEIGHT: IMPLICATIONS FOR TOBACCO REGULATORY POLICY FROM RATS & HUMANS

Smokers weigh less than non-smokers and former smokers, an observation that has been attributed to nicotine in cigarette smoke. Despite the ability of nicotine to suppress weight gain, body mass index is positively associated with smoking intensity. These phenomena suggest a complex relationship between nicotine and body weight: that nicotine impacts body weight, and that body weight may modify nicotine reinforcement. This dissertation tests the hypotheses that self-administered nicotine suppresses body weight and that body weight impacts nicotine reinforcement in rats and human smokers. Experiments tested these hypotheses in a rat model of nicotine self-administration and in human smokers. First, we demonstrated that self-administered nicotine suppressed body weight gain independent of food intake in rats. Acquisition of low dose nicotine self-administration resulted in suppression of weight gain. In contrast, reduction of nicotine dose from a prior higher dose increased weight gain. Experiments using indirect caliorimetry demonstrated that self-administered nicotine in rats suppressed respiratory exchange ratio, indicating increased fat utilization, prior to a nicotine-induced suppression of weight gain. Self-administered nicotine suppressed the proportion of fat mass, but not lean mass. Next, we evaluated weight gain in human smokers randomized to smoke very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes. These data align with the rat self-administration data; smokers compliant with VLNC cigarettes gained weight over 6 weeks of use. As the current environment is obesogenic, the next experiment tested the impact of self-administered nicotine on obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats and found that nicotine failed to suppress weight gain in obesity-resistant rats. Finally, we tested the ability of body weight and/or diet to impact nicotine self-administration. In obese smokers and rats, smoking/nicotine intake was increased, but decreased per body mass, suggesting that nicotine intake is titrated dependent on body mass. In sum, self-administered nicotine acts to suppress weight gain likely via increased fat utilization, and nicotine consumption is titrated dependent on weight. A potential strategy to reduce the health burden of smoking is a reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes, which is hypothesized to reduce smoking and promote quitting. Thus, data reported in this dissertation has important implications for tobacco regulatory policy.
Preliminary Results: Exploring Why Some Families Living in Proximity to Wind Turbine Facilities Contemplate Vacating Their 
Homes—A Community-Based Study

In Ontario, Canada, between 2006 and the end of 2016, government records provided by the former Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change documented that neighbors living near industrial wind turbine (IWT) facilities filed 4574 noise complaints/incident reports. In some cases, these records also included occurrences of adverse health effects being experienced by some of those living near the IWT facilities [1]. The risk of harm associated with living near IWT energy facilities is controversial and reported globally [1] [2] [3] [4]. Some families have been billeted by, or negotiated financial agreements with wind energy developers [2], and some took the step to vacate/abandon their homes [2] [3] [4] while others have felt forced to do so [3] [4]. While the action of vacating/abandoning a family home is internationally reported [1] [2] [3] [4] research about these occurrences is limited. Utilizing the Grounded Theory (GT) methodology, an ethics approved community-based study was conducted to investigate these occurrences. Participants in the study included those who had vacated/abandoned their homes in the past, or at the time of the interview were contemplating to do so, or decided to remain. Between October 2017 and January 2018, sixty-seven (n-67) consenting participants were interviewed. This article presents preliminary results which will be augmented by additional submissions to peer reviewed scientific journals for their consideration for publication.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM NA SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE ONCOLÓGICO

Objetivo: Avaliar as praticas adotadas por enfermeiros para a seguranca dos pacientes oncologicos. Metodologia: Estudo exploratorio descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando questionario “Pesquisa sobre Seguranca do Paciente em Hospitais” (HSOPSC) da “Agency Healthcare Research and Quality”. A pesquisa foi realizada em um hospital publico de referencia em atendimento oncologico em Belem-Para. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 51(43,1%) profissionais de enfermagem, os quais consideram a seguranca do paciente como muito boa ou excelente, sendo que os mesmos profissionais nao relataram nenhuma notificacao. Discussao: E possivel detectar contradicoes nas respostas dos profissionais ao realizar a analise das variaveis abordadas na pesquisa. Alem disso, nao houve relato das acoes adotadas pela enfermagem apos a notificacao de cada adversidade. Conclusao: A cultura de seguranca ainda nao se encontra no padrao ideal, sendo necessaria a realizacao de educacao permanente e avaliacao frequente dos servicos prestados referentes a seguranca do paciente oncologico.
A Spiking Neural Network Model for Category Learning

The creation of useful categories from data is an important cognitive ability, and from the extensive research on categorization, it is now known that the brain has distinct systems for category learning. In this paper, we present the first spiking neural network (SNN) model of human category learning. Here categories are combinations of features - such categories are observed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The system follows an architecture commonly used to model the cortex - features are arranged in a topological 2D grid with short range excitatory connectivity and long range inhibitory connectivity - however, here, this architecture is used differently from other models to model higher level cognition. Earlier we presented an artificial neural network (ANN) model of category learning; however, here, a simpler model was adequate, as desired functionality emerges from the SNN dynamics. We identified the objectives that had to be fulfilled for the model to achieve the desired functionality, and performed a design space exploration (DSE) to identify the parameter range in which each of the objectives was fulfilled, and the parameter range for which the system exhibits good performance. Finally, we compared triphasic STDP (a variant of spike time dependant plasticity (STDP)) with standard STDP and observed that triphasic STDP exhibited quicker convergence.
Early Markers of Sickle Nephropathy in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia Are Associated With Red Cell Cation Transport Activity

Abstract The early stages of sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) manifest in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) as hyperfiltration and proteinuria. The physiological conditions of the renovascular system are among the most conducive to hemoglobin S polymerization in the body and will magnify small changes in red cell volume thus crucially modulating intracellular concentrations of hemoglobin S. This large cross-sectional study of children with sickle cell anemia measured glomerular filtration rates and microalbuminuria to report prevalence, clinical correlates and uniquely, association with key red cell cation transport mechanisms. One hundred and twelve patients (mean age 10.7 ± 4.1) were recruited. The prevalence of hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria was 98% and 15.1%, respectively. Glomerular filtration rates did not vary with age, but proteinuria became more prevalent with increasing age. Both features associated with markers of hemolysis, while elevated hemoglobin F was protective, but no association was seen with systolic or diastolic blood pressure. In multivariate analysis, both Gardos channel (&bgr; = 0.476, P < 0.001) and KCl co-transporter (KCC; &bgr; = −0.216, P = 0.009) activity, alongside age (&bgr; = 0.237, P = 0.004), remained independently predictive for microalbuminuria. Increased activity of Gardos channel and Psickle positively associated with microalbuminuria, while increased KCC activity associated with a reduction in microalbuminuria. This study demonstrates a direct link between the abnormally active red cell cation transport systems in sickle cell disease and sickle organopathy. Small variations in the activity of these transport mechanisms predict for SCN and measurement of them may help identify those at risk, while pharmaceutical manipulation of these excessively active systems may ameliorate their risk.
Sliding Distal Metatarsal Minimally Invasive Osteotomy (S-DMMO) for the Treatment of Tailor’s Bunion

Bunionette, or Tailor’s bunion, refers to a painful lateral prominence at the fifth metatarsal head. Metatarsal osteotomies have proved to be a successful treatment, and have been described at the distal, diaphyseal, and proximal levels. Distal metatarsal osteotomies have been reported as effective in bunionette correction in several clinical studies. In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of percutaneous or minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of this condition. Minimally invasive distal metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomy (DMMO) has proved to be successful when treating metatarsalgia. We present a surgical technique consisting in a distal osteotomy of the fifth metatarsal, which resembles DMMO, but requires a lateral displacement. We retrospectively investigated 38 feet from 32 patients with symptomatic bunionette deformity and showed good to excellent functional and clinical results. The S-DMMO proved to be a safe (low complication rate) and effective (adequate clinical results and powerful radiologic correction) procedure for the treatment of bunionette deformity. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level 4. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparing the broadband acoustic frequency response of single, clustered, and arrays of marine air guns

Field data acquired from a seismic vessel by a seabed hydrophone is used to analyze the broadband response (10 Hz to 62.5 kHz) for various source configurations: single air guns, clustered air guns, and a full array consisting of 30 air guns. The various parts of the acoustic signal are analyzed in detail, and it is found that a high-frequency signal arriving prior to the main peak of a single air-gun signal most likely is caused by small vapor cavities collapsing at or close to the surface of the gun. This is confirmed by high-speed photographs taken when a small air gun is fired in a water tank. When the full array is used, a second type of cavitation signal is observed: ghost cavitation caused by acoustic stimulation by the negative pressure that is backscattered from the free surface. As this ghost signal from 30 different guns arrives at a specific location in the water, cavities might be formed, and they create a high-frequency acoustic signal.
Describing Interdisciplinary Agricultural Research Center Directors’ Perceptions of Science Communication Through Goals and Beliefs

This study explored the perceptions of science communication held by interdisciplinary agricultural research center directors and identified the directors’ goals and beliefs, specifically related to science communication. Ten interdisciplinary agricultural research center directors from top research, land-grant institutions were interviewed for this study. Findings from this study determined that the directors’ perceptions were rooted in service to the public, knowledge, public good, obligation, and relationships. Participants discussed attempting to bring awareness to science as a goal of science communication. They also discussed feeling obligated to communicate about science as part of a land-grant institution. Participants particularly believed that faculty with Extension appointments were more so obligated to communicate with the public. Future research should determine the science communication participation of Extension faculty. Additionally, future research should determine if faculty at land-grant institutions are more inclined to communicate about science when compared to faculty not associated with land-grant institutions.