Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acromial Enthesopathy and Rotator Cuff Tear

Changes of the coracoacromial ligament (CAL) at its insertion into the undersurface of the acromion were studied radiologically and histologically in 76 autopsy specimens. Two changes were noted: (1) a downward, bony projection of the acromion, an anatomic variant limited to the area covered by the CAL, which might reduce the height of the subacromial compartment, and (2) a thickened layer of fibrocartilage, constituting a potential cause for narrowing of the subacromial space. The former might act as a predisposing factor for the impingement syndrome, whereas the latter could develop in response to pressure from constituents of the subacromial compartment. The acromial spur was a result of enchondral bone formation. A possible correlation between these changes and rotator cuff tears was investigated. The incidence and severity of cuff tears increased with age. However, there was no correlation between aging and degenerative changes of the undersurface of the acromion, except possibly in very advanced cases. Rotator cuff tears are unlikely to be initiated by impingement; rather, they develop as an intrinsic degenerative tendinopathy.
Intraperitoneal Infusion of Normal Saline to Reduce Postoperative Pain in Patients Receiving Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Experience in MTYH

Objectives: Intra-abdominal remaining CO2 gas after a laparoscopic procedure commonly causes postoperative pain. This pain often prohibits patients from early mobilization and thus additional analgesic medications are required. We studied the efficacy of intraperitoneal infusion of normal saline for postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Patients and Methods: Seventy-seven LC patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group (n=38) did not receive the intraperitoneal infusion. The experimental group (n=39) received normal intraperitoneal saline in the right hemidiaphragmatic area. Postoperative pain assessments were taken at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours and additional analgesic use was recorded. Results: Postoperative pain scores were significantly reduced at 2 to 48 hours in the experimental group. The number of patients requiring additional analgesics was also reduced. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal infusion of normal saline can reduce postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco consumption among Khartoum University medical students in the year 2010

Background Despite increasing information about the adverse effects of tobacco consumption, its use continued to increase especially in the developing countries. Health professionals, including medical students are supposed to play a major role in combating it in the community. The aim of this study is to evaluate attitudes and practices of medical students regarding tobacco consumption and to assess their knowledge about its complications. ____________________________________ Corresponding author Tarig Hakim Merghani Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan Email: tarighm@gmail.com Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of all classes in the Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University. A total of 314 students (aged 15-28 years) completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire requiring information about current tobacco use, reasons, attitude towards smoking and knowledge about its effects. Results About three quarters of the tobacco users have at least one close relative who consumes tobacco every day. Reasons that directed students to start tobacco consumption were friends (31%), social stress (19%) and academic stress (19%). About half of the users (52%) tried to stop tobacco consumption without success but declared that they will in the future. 25.8% were not accepting ban on
Life expectancy at birth

Rationale for use Life expectancy at birth reflects the overall mortality level of a population. It summarizes the mortality pattern that prevails across all age groups-children and adolescents, adults and the elderly. Definition Average number of years that a newborn is expected to live if current mortality rates continue to apply. Associated terms A life table presents a set of tabulations that describe the probability of dying, the death rate and the number of survivors for each age or age group. Accordingly, life expectancy at birth is an output of a life table. Data sources Vital registration, census and surveys: Age-specific mortality rates required to compute life expectancy at birth. Methods of estimation WHO has developed a model life table based on about 1800 life tables from vital registration judged to be of good quality. For countries with vital registration, the level of completeness of recorded mortality data in the population is assessed and mortality rates are adjusted accordingly. Where vital registration data for 2003 were available, these were used directly to construct the life table. For countries where the information system provided a time series of annual life tables, parameters from the life table were projected using a weighted regression model, giving more weight to recent years. Projected values of the two life table parameters were then applied to the modified logit life table model, where the most recent national data provided an age pattern, to predict the full life table for 2003. In case of inadequate sources of age-specific mortality rates, the life table is derived from estimated under-5 mortality rates and adult mortality rates that are applied to a global standard (defined as the average of all the 1800 life tables) using a modified logit model. Disaggregation By sex, location (urban/rural, major regions/provinces). References-Modified logit life table system: principles, empirical validation and application Murray CJL, et al. Modified logit life table system: principles, empirical validation and application.
Food insecurity and HIV clinical outcomes in a longitudinal study of homeless and marginally housed HIV-infected individuals in San Francisco

Background: Food insecurityis common amongHIV-infectedindividualsand hasbeen associatedwithpoor health.Littlelongitudinalresearchhas examinedtheassociationof food insecurity with HIV clinical outcomes, or the extent to which adherence mediates these associations. Design: Observational cohort study Methods: HIV-infectedhomelessandmarginallyhousedindividualsintheSanFrancisco Research on Access to Care in the Homeless cohort completed quarterly structured interviewsandblooddraws.WemeasuredfoodinsecurityusingthevalidatedHousehold Food Insecurity Access Scale. Primary outcomes were: ART nonadherence (<90% adherence), incomplete HIV viral load suppression more than 50copies/ml, and CD4 cell counts less than 200. We estimated model parameters using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical variables. Results: From May 2007 to March 2010, we followed 284 participants for a median of 22 months. At baseline 54.6% of participants were food-insecure. Food insecurity was associated with increased odds of ART nonadherence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) ¼1. 48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19‐1.85], incomplete viral load suppression (AOR ¼1.29, 95% CI 1.04‐1.61), and CD4 cell counts less than 200 (AOR ¼1.26, 95% CI 1.01‐1.56). When we included ART adherence in adjusted models for incomplete viral suppression and CD4 cell counts less than 200, the magnitude of the effect decreased slightly. Conclusion: Food insecurity was associated with poor HIV outcomes, including nonadherence, in a longitudinal study of US-based HIV-infected unstably housed individuals. Efforts to address food insecurity should be included in HIV-treatment programs, and may help improve health outcomes. 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AIDS 2013, 27:000‐000
Seasonal variation in the diet of the long-eared owl (Asio otus) in a northeastern agricultural area of Greece

As high predators in many ecosystems, owls may be valuable indicators of the environmental health of those ecosystems (Oliphant, 1994). Owls are sensitive to a number of environmental factors among which prey is of outstanding importance (Gutiérrez et al., 1984; Noble et al., 1993). Therefore, detailed and long-term studies on their diet can be instrumental to their conservation (Galbraith et al., 1992). Knowledge on the species’ food habits has contributed to a better understanding of their ecology and behaviour, as well as to the proper management of their habitat (Petty et al., 2000; York et al., 2002; Tsahalidis et al., 2004; Marchesi & Sergio, 2005). Being an opportunistic species, owls primarily rely on the abundance and easy capture of their prey, which means that their prey choice is not only dependent on spatial factors but is also temporary (habitat and season of the year) (Jaksić & Marti, 1981; Seckin & Coskun, 2006). Seasonal variation in their prey has been attributed to seasonal changes in vegetation cover that may make some species susceptible to owl predation (Fairley, 1967; Marti, 1974). Alternatively, prey variation may be due to the seasonal variation in the abundance and activity of the small mammals (Taylor, 1994). The long-eared owl, Asio otus (Linnaeus, 1758) is present in almost the entire northern hemisphere (North America, Eurasia, and North Africa). It prefers tree clusters or edges of coniferous forests and parks adjacent to open agricultural areas and meadows, which are important hunting habitats for the species (Mikkola, 1983; Cramp, 1989). In Greece, the species winters and breeds in many mainland areas and on some large islands (Handrinos & Akriotis, 1997). Although its food habits have been widely studied in northern and central Europe, only a few published studies have addressed this issue in the south of the continent (Alivizatos & Goutner, 1999; Rubolini et al., 2003; Alivizatos et al., 2005). Seasonal variation in the diet of the long-eared owl (Asio otus) in a northeastern agricultural area of Greece
An Adaptable Deep Learning Accelerator Unit (DLAU) for FPGA

As the emerging field of machine learning, deep learning shows excellent ability in solving complex learning problems. However, the size of the networks becomes increasingly large scale due to the demands of the practical applications, which poses significant challenge to construct a high performance implementations of deep learning neural networks. In order to improve the performance as well as to maintain the low power cost, in this paper we design deep learning accelerator unit (DLAU), which is a scalable accelerator architecture for large-scale deep learning networks using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as the hardware prototype. The DLAU accelerator employs three pipelined processing units to improve the throughput and utilizes tile techniques to explore locality for deep learning applications. Experimental results on the state-of-the-art Xilinx FPGA board demonstrate that the DLAU accelerator is able to achieve up to 36.1× speedup comparing to the Intel Core2 processors, with the power consumption at 234 mW.
The Value of H3K27me3 Immunohistochemistry in Differentiating Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour with Its Histologic Mimickers

Background: Diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is rather challenging due to its divergent morphologic heterogeneity and lack of specific ancillary test. The emergence of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) as a new immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker for MPNST have recently available to assist pathologists in differentiating MPNST from other histologic mimics. We aim to study the expression pattern of H3K27me3 in MPNST and its histologic mimickers and their association with the clinicopathological data. Methodology: A total of 59 benign and malignant spindle cell tumours (18 MPNST and 41 of its histologic mimickers which included 10 schwannoma, 13 neurofibroma, 4 synovial sarcoma, 3 fibrosarcoma, 2 gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), 4 leiomyosarcoma, 1 spindle cell liposarcoma, 1 solitary fibrous tumour, 2 low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and 1 unclassified spindle cell sarcoma), diagnosed from January 1998 to April 2018 in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) were tested for H3K27me3 by IHC. The MPNST histological grade was assessed based on the French Fe’de’ ration Nationale des Centres de LutteContre le Cancer (FNCLCC) for 3 tiers system (low grade, intermediate grade and high grade). The clinicopathological data were retrieved from the patients’ record. Results: A total of 61.1% (11/18 MPNST) showed loss of H3K27me3 expression which is statistically significant as compared to its histologic mimics (p<0.001). Similar findings (p=0.026) were also observed in high grade MPNST (81.8%), intermediate grade MPNST (100%) and 0% in low grade MPNST. Conclusion: H3K27me3, combined with other panel of markers, is useful in MPNST diagnosis to differentiate it from the histological mimickers.
Methotrexate Update: Mechanism of Action in Psoriasis Therapy

Background Long before the advent of the biologic agents, methotrexate was the gold standard for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Although methotrexate's therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis is well-established, the mechanism of action is still poorly understood. Objective This paper reviews the published research on methotrexate's mechanism of action in psoriasis. Methods Studies published with English abstracts between January 1970 and December 2006 identified in MEDLINE with the keywords methotrexate, psoriasis and mechanism were reviewed. Results Methotrexate appears to exert clinical efficacy in psoriasis by interfering with CLA+ T-cell infiltration into lesional skin via multiple mechanisms. Conclusion It is likely that methotrexate interferes with the inflammatory pathways critical to psoriasis pathogenesis by multiple mechanisms. Current evidence suggests that methotrexate works by decreasing the number of circulating CLA+ T cells; decreasing inflammatory infiltrate into the dermis and epidermis by downregulating adhesion molecules in endothelial cells; and downregulating the expression of adhesion molecules on T cells.
Surgical Treatment of Brachial Plexus Injury

In recent years, brachial plexus injury has been attracting increasing attention, partly because of an increasing incidence arising out of higher survival rates for patients after polytrauma. Brachial plexus injury is one of the hardest and most mutilating injuries. Owing to advances in microsurgical techniques, we can achieve success in restoring motor function for these patients. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader with various microsurgical techniques, including nerve fascicle transfers and end-to-side neurorrhaphy (ETSN), which can be used for brachial plexus reconstruction based on personal experience with 1130 nerve reconstructions performed by the first author (PH) between 1993 and 2017. Another goal of brachial plexus surgery is the resolution of severe intractable pain which can develop in up to 20% of cases. Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) thermocoagulation is a very effective method for treatment of severe neuropathic pain.
A survey analyzing assumptions for rational decision making in health care

The aim of this study was to investigate whether an introductory educational course on rational decision making is able to improve decisions about health and health care including decisions based on the quality-adjusted life year model. Specifically, this study analyzed the impact of the course on i) health preference reversals (PRs); ii) violations of the condition of mutual utility independence (MUI) between preferences for longevity and health status; and iii) violations of the independence axiom (IA) of expected utility theory. A total of 162 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to a pre- or post-educational group based on a pre-specified allocation sequence. In both groups students took a survey with choice and valuation exercises on health and longevity and made health decisions for themselves and for those for whom they are responsible. More than 70% of students without training demonstrated PRs. Yet, education did not significantly alter the number of PRs. The IA was violated in almost half of participants without training but significantly less so in the group receiving the educational intervention. Violations of MUI were found in 51% of participants without training with a non-significant change in the educational group. In this sample violations of conditions for rational choice in health care were common and only to a small degree amenable to education.
UNDERSTANDING BETTER THE KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD BREAST CANCER AND BREAST SCREENING PRACTICES AMONG WOMEN LIVING IN RAS AL KHAIMAH, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant disease among women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the incidence rate is rising. Breast cancer early detection practices through regular screening have been found to reduce morbidity and mortality from this disease. This study aims to explore the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices towards breast cancer and its screening methods among women living in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah (RAK). One hundred and two women who met the study’s inclusion criteria were interviewed. Pearson’s chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed in the statistical analysis. Relatively low participation rates in breast cancer screening practices (BCSP) were found. Women who stated that their doctors talked to them about breast cancer were significantly more likely to undergo BCSP (p <0.05). Fear of being diagnosed with breast cancer, lack of a doctor’s recommendation and perceived discomfort with breast screening were strongly associated with not planning to practice clinical breast examination (CBE) or mammography screening in the following 12 months. The study findings indicated that RAK women’s knowledge and practice of breast cancer early detection screenings are currently inadequate. Establishing a culturally acceptable health education program with appropriate interventions is required.
Emergent features of cell structural dynamics: a review of models based on tensegrity and nonlinear oscillations

Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG, CNRS, Instut A. Bonniot, F-38706 La Tronche Cedex Laboratoire des Processus intégratifs cellulaires, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Rouen, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex Laboratoire de Recherches en Informatique, Université Paris Sud & CNRS UMR 8623, 15 avenue George Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay Cedex La.M. I. Université d’Évry Val d’Essonne & CNRS UMR 8042, Tour Évry 2, 523 Place des terrasses de l’agora, F-91000 Évry
Concentration of meteoritic free organic matter by fluid transport and adsorption

Carbonaceous chondrites contain many abiotic organic compounds, some of which are found in life on Earth. Both the mineral and organic matter phases, of these meteorites, have been affected by aqueous alteration processes. Whilst organic matter is known to be associated with phyllosilicate phases, no such relationship has yet been identified for specific organic compound classes. Furthermore, ongoing sample return missions, Hyabusa 2 and OSIRIS-Rex, are set to return potentially organic rich C-type asteroid samples to the Earth. Consequently, strategies to investigate organic-mineral relationships are required. Here we report spatial data for free/soluble organic matter (FOM/SOM) components (akylimidazole and alkylpyridine homologues) and mineral phases. Low and intermediate molecular weight alkylimidazole homologues are more widely distributed than higher molecular weight members, likely due to their affinity for the aqueous phase. On aqueous alteration of anhydrous mineral phases, transported FOM is adsorbed onto the surface or into the interlayers of the resulting phyllosilicates and thus concentrated and protected from oxidising fluids. Therefore, aiding the delivery of biologically relevant molecules to earth, shortly preceding the origin of life.
Effect of Fish Diets Supplemented with Vitamin /Mineral Premix on Growth and Yield of Lettuce under Aquaponic System

This experiment was conducted in aquaponic system in a greenhouse at Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt, during two growing periods trial 1 started on 15 February and th trail 2 started on 1 April 2018, to evaluate the effect of three vitamin /mineral premix levels (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 %) st supplemented in fish diet on leafy lettuce (Lactuica sativa ) variety New red fire grown in aquaponic system. The aquaponic system consisted of 3 independent fish tanks, every fish tank describe one treatment and feed three hydroponic units (experimental units). Every aquaponic unit was consisted of fiberglass fish tank (1000 L volume), mechanical filter (decanter), biological filter, three floating raft system (hydroponic unit one m ) for lettuce production and sump. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was used. Results show that treatment 2 at 2% of vitamin /mineral premix supplemented in fish diet improved significantly number of leaves, plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots, roots and increased yield/m , relative growth rate (RGR) and crop growth rate 2
Quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis and its stage in a rabbit model by using intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging at a 3T magnetic resonance system

Background: To explore whether and how intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at a 3T magnetic resonance scanner could monitor and stage liver fibrosis in a rabbit model. Methods: Fifty-six New Zealand white rabbits were given carbon tetrachloride to model liver fibrosis, and eight treated with normal saline served as control subjects. IVIM-DWI with eight b values of 0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 800, 1,000 s/mm2 was performed on the 0, 6 th , 8 th , 10 th and 12 th weekends after modeling this disease. The stages of liver fibrosis (stages F0 to F4) were identified based on METAVIR classification system. The IVIM derived parameters (D*, pseudo-diffusion; D, pure molecular diffusion; and f, perfusion fraction) were quantitatively measured, and statistical analysis were performed for detecting and staging liver fibrosis. Results: Significant difference was found in D between normal and fibrotic liver (P 0.05). A negative correlation was found between fibrosis stage and D (r=−0.605, P Conclusions: The IVIM derived parameter D can quantitatively monitor the progression of liver fibrosis.
Effects of strain on LLLL0.67−xxPPPPxxCCLL0.33MMMMMM3, LLLLMMMM1−xxCCCCxxMM3 and LLLLMMMM1−xxNNNNxxMM3 magnetite samples•

This paper presents the results obtained from the synthesis and morphological characterization of different magnetite samples: LLLL0.67−xxPPPPxxCCLL0.33MMMMMM3 at 0.13 ≤ xx ≤ 0.67 produced by a solid-state reaction mechanism and LLLLMMMM1−xx(CCCC/NNNN)xxMM3 at 0.0 ≤ xx ≤ 0.5 produced by the sol-gel method. These samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and by measuring electric resistivity and magnetic susceptibility which were carried out as a function of temperature. Notably, the effects of strain and compressive strength on the lattices of magnetite samples were highly dependent on the concentration of PPPP, CCCC, and NNNN. Moreover, the transition temperatures of metal-insulator and ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phases also largely depend on these strength effects, e.g., at higher concentrations of PPPP, effects of increased strain strength were observed, relocating the shifts of ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transitions to lower temperatures. On the other hand, effects of increased compressive strength were observed at higher concentrations of NNNN and CCCC, relocating the shifts of ferromagnetic-paramagnetic and metal-insulator transitions to higher temperatures.