Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mid‐Pleistocene basalt from the Seguam Volcanic Center, central Aleutian Arc, Alaska: Local lithospheric structures and source variability in the Aleutian Arc

Recent geophysical and tectonic studies make it possible to examine the relation between local structural and tectonic evolution of the modern Aleutian Arc and the sources and processes that produce the broad spectrum of Aleutian basaltic lavas. Mid-Pleistocene basalt from the Seguam Island volcanic center in the central Aleutian Arc erupted through strongly extended arc crust, contains 4–8% MgO, is low in K2O ( 18%), and is distinguished from Aleutian basalt erupted through less extended crust by a low abundance of incompatible and rare earth elements (REE) and low Sr and Pb content. The Ba/La (47–72) and Pb/La (0.7–1.5) ratios are high, incompatible element ratios are variable, and REE patterns cross one another. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.70365 ± 0.00003) is the highest value obtained from the Aleutian islands, also 206Pb/204Pb (18.91 ±0.02), 207Pb/204Pb (15.60 ±0.02), and 208Pb/204Pb (38.51 ±0.04) ratios are among the most radiogenic values known, whereas the 143Nd/144Nd ratio (0.51297 ±0.00003) is among the lowest measured. Low abundances of incompatible elements, high Ba/La and Pb/La ratios, uniform Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios, and high eruptive temperatures (∼1160° C) suggest that basalt erupted at Seguam ascends through extended subarc lithosphere without extensive chemical exchange with the upper mantle or lower crust. Partial melting of geochemically distinct portions of an isotopically uniform source region best explains observed geochemical characteristics. Trace element abundances rule out an eclogite source and suggest instead a peridotite-dominated source with ∼5–10% of a subducted sediment component. This peridotite may reside in the mantle wedge or in the Amlia Fracture Zone (AFZ) of the Pacific plate that was subducted beneath Seguam ∼1 Ma. In addition, the AFZ possibly enhanced the subduction of terrigenous sediment into the source region beneath Seguam and this extra terrigenous component may explain the Ba/La, Pb/La and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios. The distinctive composition of Seguam basalt reflects a complex set of physical conditions, including fracture zone subduction and intraarc extension, that affected both the source region and thermo-chemical history of magma ascent. Local structural and tectonic factors impact profoundly the nature of island arc magma sources and processes. Models that propose a common parental arc magma type or common processes on a global or arcwide scale are too generalized to explain the diversity actually observed in the Aleutian Arc.
Delta-Fed Turbidites Infilling Topographically Complex Basins: A New Depositional Model for the Annot Sandstones, SE France

The Eocene-Oligocene Annot Sandstones of southeast France record the predominantly deep-water, siliciclastic infill of the early French Alpine foreland basin. They accumulated in a topographically complex basin as recorded by variable onlap relationships with the underlying Globigerina Marls. Onlap configurations and paleo-bathymetric data from the western outcrops of the Annot Sandstones enables a contour map of the pre-Annot Sandstone basin-floor topography to be reconstructed. The basin comprised a northern and a southern sub-basin, which were separated by a ridge, through which a trough was cut (the Coyer Trough) linking the two sub-basins during the latter stages of infilling. Data on provenance and paleocurrents suggest that the sandstones were sourced from two main feeder systems: an eastern source from the Alps fed the northern sub-basin, and a southern source fed the southern sub-basin. There is evidence of mixing of provenance in the lower parts of the southern sub-basin. Integration of the reconstructed basin-floor topography, sediment-dispersal data, and facies and stratal architectures suggests a depositional model comprising sand-rich, delta-fed submarine ramps and/or aprons whose development was strongly influenced by the basin-floor topography. The southern sub-basin initially had a steeper delta front, characterized by debris flows; this contrasted with the lower-gradient northern sub-basin. The southern sub-basin comprises approximately 800 m of thick-bedded sandstones interpreted as the deposits of sustained and possibly ponded turbidity currents. The upper part of the southern sub-basin records increased channeling and scour related to bypass of material after the basin was filled; these channels transported material northwards through the Coyer Trough, and capped the northern sub-basin. This development of the southern sub-basin is comparable to the "fill and spill" development of perched, intra-slope basins in the Gulf of Mexico.
Willingness for Medical Screening in a Dental Setting—A Pilot Questionnaire Study

An important way to manage noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is to focus on prevention, early detection, and reducing associated risk factors. Risk factors can be detected with simple general health checks, which can also be performed in dental clinics. The purpose of this study was to investigate participants’ willingness to participate in general health checks at the dentist, in particular the difference in opinion between medical patients and random healthy dental attendees. A total of 100 medical patients from an outpatient internal medicine clinic and 100 dental clinic attendees were included (total of 200 participants). The participants were asked for their opinion using six closed-ended questions. Overall, 91.0% of participants were receptive to information about the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The majority (80–90%) was receptive to screening for DM and CVD risk, such as weight and height measurements, blood pressure measurement, saliva testing for CVD and to measure glucose and cholesterol via finger stick. No significant differences were found in the frequencies of the responses between the different groups based on health status, age, sex, or cultural background. This study shows that most participants are willing to undergo medical screening at the dentist for early detection and/or prevention of common NCDs.
Starch nanocomposite containing hydroxyapatite and eggshell for absorbing methylene blue dye from aqueous solution

Today, polymer nanocomposites (NCs) have become important as suitable candidates for nano absorbents due to their simplicity and cheapness. This research investigated a nano absorbent based on starch nanocomposite containing hydroxyapatite (HA) and eggshell inspired by nature to absorb methylene blue (MB) as a toxic cationic dye from aqueous solution. The effect of temperature, pH, and the ratio of hydroxyapatite and eggshell absorbent on the amount of absorption after immersion in an aqueous medium was measured. The samples were identified by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and BET analysis. Based on the results, the biological nanocomposite of starch-containing 0.125 g hydroxyapatite and eggshell, inspired by nature, has the highest absorption (88%) of methylene blue dye from the aqueous solution quickly. Increasing temperature, increasing pH, and decreasing the amount of nano absorbent increased the absorption of methylene blue dye from the aqueous solution. The results show that starch nanocomposite containing hydroxyapatite and eggshell can absorb methylene blue dye and have good potential for various applications, especially in medical and industrial fields.
Effect of Potassium Humate on Soybean Germination Traits Under Salinity Stress Conditions

This study investigated the effects of salinity and K-humate concentrations on soybean germination. The findings contribute to our knowledge of soybean germination under salt stress and the potential use of potassium humate. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Field Crops at Adnan Menderes University, Turkey. Seeds were surface-sterilized and placed on filter paper in Petri dishes. Different concentrations of water (control), NaCl solution (3 dS m-1), and K-humate solution were added. The experiment followed a factorial design with two factors and four replications. K-humate had a positive impact on germination rate. Significant differences were observed among control, salinity, and salinity * K-humate applications. Salinity reduced germination percentage. K-humate mitigated the negative effects of salinity, improving germination. These findings suggest the potential use of K-humate to enhance seedling establishment and overall plant productivity in salinity-affected environments.
Role of the Circadian Gas-Responsive Hemeprotein NPAS2 in Physiology and Pathology

Simple Summary NPAS2, short for Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2, is a transcription factor involved in regulating the circadian rhythms and sleep–wake cycles in mammals, including humans. It is a key component of the molecular clockwork that governs daily biological processes. NPAS2 binds heme as a prosthetic group and CO at micromolar concentrations, with ensuing changes in DNA affinity. In this way, gaseous signaling plus heme-based sensing and redox balance modify NPAS2 transcriptional activity and the expression of target genes. NPAS2 plays a crucial role in metabolism regulation and in maintaining the body’s internal clock synchronized with the day–night cycle. Dysregulation of NPAS2 can lead to disruptions in circadian rhythms and may contribute to sleep disturbances, psychiatric disorders and other health issues, such as neoplastic, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Alternatively, NPAS2 could represent a valuable predictive biomarker for prevention/stratification strategies and a promising druggable target for innovative therapeutic approaches. Abstract Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a hemeprotein comprising a basic helix–loop–helix domain (bHLH) and two heme-binding sites, the PAS-A and PAS-B domains. This protein acts as a pyridine nucleotide-dependent and gas-responsive CO-dependent transcription factor and is encoded by a gene whose expression fluctuates with circadian rhythmicity. NPAS2 is a core cog of the molecular clockwork and plays a regulatory role on metabolic pathways, is important for the function of the central nervous system in mammals, and is involved in carcinogenesis as well as in normal biological functions and processes, such as cardiovascular function and wound healing. We reviewed the scientific literature addressing the various facets of NPAS2 and framing this gene/protein in several and very different research and clinical fields.
A Model of Ancient Community Structure in the Maya Lowlands

UNTIL THE MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS of the Classic Maya can be read, the social organization of these people must remain enigmatic. However, for the late pre-Conquest Maya of the Yucatan peninsula there are some interesting ethnohistoric sources which give a glimmering of what this might have been like; of course, in using such sources it should be remembered that the Yucatec had endured some five or six centuries of Mexican rule and must have been influenced accordingly. Nonetheless, the information on the mode of life of the Nahua-speaking peoples of central Mexico is sufficiently detailed that it should be possible to detect and to factor out such influences, leaving us with a residue of probably autochthonous Maya structure. The greatest of the early sources on Yucatan is the encyclopedia on Maya life compiled in about 1566 by Bishop Diego de Landa (Tozzer 1941). Other important sources, also in the Spanish language, are the Relaciones de Yucatan (1898-1900), comprising answers by Yucatecan encomenderos (Spanish land barons) to a questionnaire sent in 1577 by the Crown. Among Maya writings in Roman script bearing on ancient Maya life in Yucatan, first place must be given to the so-called Books of Chilam Balam, late Colonial compilations of ancient Maya texts (some almost certainly transcriptions of hieroglyphic originals) with the addition of European material; most remain unpublished. In the Books of Chilam Balam are found the Maya Chronicles, purporting to give actual sequences of events but in which history and prophecy are intertwined in the
Potential Role of the Intratumoral Microbiota in Prognosis of Head and Neck Cancer

The tumor microbiome, a relatively new research field, affects tumor progression through several mechanisms. The Cancer Microbiome Atlas (TCMA) database was recently published. In the present study, we used TCMA and The Cancer Genome Atlas and examined microbiome profiling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the role of the intratumoral microbiota in the prognosis of HNSCC patients, and differentially expressed genes in tumor cells in relation to specific bacterial infections. We investigated 18 microbes at the genus level that differed between solid normal tissue (n = 22) and primary tumors (n = 154). The tissue microbiome profiles of Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, and Rothia at the genus level differed between the solid normal tissue and primary tumors of HNSCC patients. When the prognosis of groups with rates over and under the median for each microbe at the genus level was examined, rates for Leptotrichia which were over the median correlated with significantly higher overall survival rates. We then extracted 35 differentially expressed genes between the over- and under-the-median-for-Leptotrichia groups based on the criteria of >1.5 fold and p < 0.05 in the Mann–Whitney U-test. A pathway analysis showed that these Leptotrichia-related genes were associated with the pathways of Alzheimer disease, neurodegeneration-multiple diseases, prion disease, MAPK signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling, while protein–protein interaction analysis revealed that these genes formed a dense network. In conclusion, probiotics and specific antimicrobial therapy targeting Leptotrichia may have an impact on the prognosis of HNSCC.
Vortex Dynamo in Rotating Media

The review highlights the main achievements in the theory of the vortex dynamo in rotating media. Various models of a vortex dynamo in rotating media are discussed: a homogeneous viscous fluid, a temperature-stratified fluid, a moist atmosphere, and a stratified nanofluid. The main analytical and numerical results for these models obtained by the method of multiscale asymptotic expansions are presented. The main attention is paid to models with a non-spiral external force. For a rotating moist atmosphere, characteristic estimates of the spatial and temporal scales of the generated vortex structures are obtained. New effects of the vortex dynamo in a rotating stratified nanofluid, which arise due to thermophoresis and Brownian motion of nanoparticles, are shown. The results of the analysis of the nonlinear equations of the vortex dynamo in the stationary regime are presented in the form of spiral kinks, periodic nonlinear waves, and solitons.
Functional changes of default mode network and structural alterations of gray matter in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of whole-brain studies

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a brain-gut disorder with high global prevalence, resulting from abnormalities in brain connectivity of the default mode network and aberrant changes in gray matter (GM). However, the findings of previous studies about IBS were divergent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify common functional and structural alterations in IBS patients. Methods Altogether, we identified 12 studies involving 194 IBS patients and 230 healthy controls (HCs) from six databases using whole-brain resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and voxel-based morphometry. Anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping (AES-SDM) was used to identify abnormal functional and structural changes as well as the overlap brain regions between dysconnectivity and GM alterations. Results Findings indicated that, compared with HCs, IBS patients showed abnormal rs-FC in left inferior parietal gyrus, left lingual gyrus, right angular gyrus, right precuneus, right amygdala, right median cingulate cortex, and left hippocampus. Altered GM was detected in the fusiform gyrus, left triangular inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right superior marginal gyrus, left anterior cingulate gyrus, left rectus, left orbital IFG, right triangular IFG, right putamen, left superior parietal gyrus and right precuneus. Besides, multimodal meta-analysis identified left middle frontal gyrus, left orbital IFG, and right putamen as the overlapped regions. Conclusion Our results confirm that IBS patients have abnormal alterations in rs-FC and GM, and reveal brain regions with both functional and structural alterations. These results may contribute to understanding the underlying pathophysiology of IBS. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022351342.
Implementation of Determination of Families Recipients of Direct Cash Assistance Through Village Funds (DCA-VF) in Nagrak Village, Sukabumi Regency in 2022

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance program implementation starting from the socialization of RT/RW and Musdesus to the implementation of the program. This study uses qualitative methods and determines the informants used to obtain information for the correctness of the data and validation of the data. Collecting data using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use the theory of Miles and Huberman. This study uses the implementation theory approach of the George Edwards III model. The success of this theory is measured by communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results of the study showed that several obstacles occurred in the program, namely (1) several beneficiary families did not meet the program's criteria. (2) there are some invalid KPM data. In this case, the village government as the executor of the DCA-VF Program is looking for solutions and alternatives to overcome these problems so that the Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance Program can be implemented in Nagrak Village, namely, the Village government is more thorough in recording KPM criteria. It is necessary to re-emphasize socialization to the local RT/RW regarding the direct village fund cash assistance program (DCA-VF) as an effort to minimize social jealousy among the people of Nagrak Village, Cisaat District, Sukabumi Regency.
Zircon age constraints on the provenance of Llandovery to Wenlock sandstones from the Midland Valley terrane of the Scottish Caledonides

Synopsis Detrital zircon populations within the Llandovery to Wenlock sandstones of the southern Midland Valley of Scotland indicate that the recycled orogenic provenance for these sedimentary rocks was essentially bimodal, comprising a younger Lower Palaeozoic component and an older predominantly Mesoproterozoic component. The Lower Palaeozoic contribution is dominated by Arenig/Llanvirn (c. 475 Ma) zircons interpreted as having been derived from a volcanic-plutonic source located within the Midland Valley terrane. The dominant Mesoproterozoic component within the sandstones is c. 1000 Ma and is thought to represent detritus shed from a Grenvillian (c. 1000–1800Ma) basement to the Midland Valley terrane. The scarcity of Archaean zircons precludes the Grampian metamorphic terrane Dalradian Supergroup as a supplier of sediment to the Ordovician–Silurian basins located along the southern margin of the Midland Valley. The age profiles of detrital zircon populations do not fit with a simple model of unroofing of a volcanic-arc complex. Rather they point to the periodic uplift of fault-bound, dismembered blocks of volcanic and plutonic rocks during a prolonged (Llandovery through to at least early Devonian) period of sinistral strike-slip deformation, and it was this which controlled basin development, sedimentary facies distribution and deformation along the southern side of the Midland Valley terrane. Appendices 1 & 2 can be found at http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18370
Rapid Ice Margin Fluctuations during the Younger Dryas in the Tropical Andes

Radiocarbon dated lacustrine sequences in Perú show that the chronology of glaciation during the late glacial in the tropical Andes was significantly out-of-phase with the record of climate change in the North Atlantic region. Fluvial incision of glacial-lake deposits in the Cordillera Blanca, central Perú, has exposed a glacial outwash gravel; radiocarbon dates from peat stratigraphically bounding the gravel imply that a glacier advance culminated between ∼11,280 and 10,990 14C yr B.P.; rapid ice recession followed. Similarly, in southern Perú, ice readvanced between ∼11,500 and 10,900 14C yr B.P. as shown by a basal radiocarbon date of ∼10,870 14C yr B.P. from a lake within 1 km of the Quelccaya Ice Cap. By 10,900 14C yr B.P. the ice front had retreated to nearly within its modern limits. Thus, glaciers in central and southern Perú advanced and retreated in near lockstep with one another. The Younger Dryas in the Peruvian Andes was apparently marked by retreating ice fronts in spite of the cool conditions that are inferred from the ∂18O record of Sajama ice. This retreat was apparently driven by reduced precipitation, which is consistent with interpretations of other paleoclimatic indicators from the region and which may have been a nonlinear response to steadily decreasing summer insolation.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health of Children with Embryonal Abdominal Tumors

(1) Background: Embryonal abdominal tumors are one of the most common entities of solid childhood cancer. The present study investigates the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and the mental health of children to obtain a comprehensive picture of their health status and uncover a possible gap in healthcare. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 54 children who were treated for embryonal abdominal tumors and a control group of 46 children who received uncomplicated outpatient surgery. The HRQoL and the mental health were assessed by the parent proxy reports of the questionnaires Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). (3) Results: Children with embryonal abdominal tumors showed significantly lower HRQoL and mental health values compared to the norm data. The index group showed lower values in the social subscales of HRQoL and mental health compared to the control group. (4) Conclusions: Embryonal abdominal tumors affect the well-being of children. There is still a gap in healthcare due to children’s HRQoL and mental health, especially regarding social development. It is essential to further advance the psychological care of children and improve their chances to develop social relationships.
Identify Students' Conceptual Understanding of Momentum Material

Purpose of the Study: This research aims to identify the level of students' conceptual understanding of momentum material. Methodology: The type of research used is quantitative research with the method used in this research being descriptive quantitative. The population of this study was 3 high schools in the United States. Main Finding: Based on the research results, it was found that the level of students' understanding of the momentum material was quite good, where for each sub-material the level of understanding was also quite good . Understanding This will of course have an impact on student learning outcomes. This level of understanding will of course change over time according to the student's circumstances, for this reason the teacher's role is needed in guiding students towards better change. Novelty/Originality of the Study: This research is aimed at finding out the level of understanding of concepts, especially momentum and impulse.