Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Belarus : the last dictatorship in Europe

This book is the first in English to explore both Belarus's complicated road to nationhood and to examine in detail its politics and economics since 1991, the nation's first year of true independence. Andrew Wilson focuses particular attention on Aliaksandr Lukashenka's surprising longevity as president, despite human rights abuses and involvement in yet another rigged election in December 2010. Wilson looks at Belarusian history as a series of false starts in the medieval and pre-modern periods, and at the many rival versions of Belarusian identity, culminating with the Soviet Belarusian project and the establishment of Belarus's current borders during World War II. He also addresses Belarus's on-off relationship with Russia, its simultaneous attempts to play a game of balance in the no-man's-land between Russia and the West, and how, paradoxically, Belarus is at last becoming a true nation under the rule of Europe's "last dictator. "
Improved prescribed performance control for nonaffine pure‐feedback systems with input saturation

This work considers an input and output constraint control problem for pure‐feedback systems with nonaffine functions possibly being in‐differentiable. A locally semibounded and continuous condition for nonaffine functions is presented to guarantee the controllability, and the nonaffine system is transformed to an equivalent pseudoaffine one based on the mild condition. Combined with backstepping technique, a novel prescribed performance controller with new performance functions is constructed to circumvent high frequency chattering in control input. An auxiliary system with bounded compensation term is utilized in this paper, successfully avoiding the overrun of control input. The methodology achieves the desired transient and steady‐state performance and presents excellent robustness against the system uncertainty. Finally, two numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Role of Water Quality in Beach Visitation Decisions in Croatia: Implications for Development of the Tourism Industry

Title of Document: THE ROLE OF WATER QUALITY IN BEACH VISITATION DECISIONS IN CROATIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY Anthony Charles Dvarskas, PhD, 2007 Directed By: Associate Professor Douglas Lipton Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics Croatia is experiencing a surge in popularity as tourists are attracted to its pristine coastal waters. Although the growth of the tourism industry would bring increased revenues from visitation, the development of tourism could negatively impact the coastal resources. Worsening water quality could cause certain beaches, areas, or regions to become less desirable and consequently less likely to be visited. This study was designed to determine the role ofwater quality in tourists’ decisions to visit beaches in Split-Dalmatia County and Krk Island using a conditional logit model. In addition to determining the role of water quality, this study used a multiple regression model to delineate the impact of changes in tourist numbers upon coastal water quality. As a final analysis, the findings from the economic conditional logit model were combined with an ecological multiple regression model in a 25-year dynamic model. Results of the conditional logit model indicated that water quality is positively and significantly related to the probability of a beach being selected by non-Croatian tourists in Split-Dalmatia County. Local perceptions of the safety of water for swimming also were significant predictors of the beach visitation decisions of non-Croatian tourists to Krk Island. The multiple regression model indicated that the presence of more tourists is significantly related to worse coastal water quality. Finally, the dynamic model indicated that higher numbers of tourists over time would eventually lead to higher total coliform levels and that beaches without sewage treatment or removal of total coliforms would experience a declining probability of selection by non-Croatian tourists over the 25-yr period. The dynamic model also indicated that driving tourists to a beach by addition of a Blue Flag may have unintended consequences in the absence of sewage treatment as the increasing numbers of tourists decrease the water quality and the probability of that beach being selected over the long term. These findings have important implications for policymakers and planners in Croatia, as the decision to pursue tourism growth without concomitant investments in sewage infrastructure may not be sustainable for the long term. THE ROLE OF WATER QUALITY IN BEACH VISITATION DECISIONS IN CROATIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY by Anthony Charles Dvarskas Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2007 Advisory Committee: Professor Douglas Lipton, Chair Dr. Thomas Jordan Professor Erik Lichtenberg Professor Michael Paolisso Visiting Professor Kevin Sellner © Copyright by Anthony Charles Dvarskas 2007
Digital Transformation of Information and its Impact on Libraries

— The world has practically gone digital as almost everything has moved from analogue to digital. There is also an increasing appetite for digital data among people. Academic libraries of the 21 st century operate in such a digital environment. However, studies examining the impact of digital transformations on libraries have remained largely scarce. In this study, the researcher examined the impact of digital transformation on libraries. The survey research design was used for the study. A total of 240 library users and 240 library professionals took part in the study. The questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The results showed that all the five assumptions tested in the study were supported. In particular, the researcher found that digital transformation of information have significantly impacted libraries in the areas of service delivery, service utilization, library management, library materials format and library patronage. Based on these results, the researcher recommends, among others, that libraries should continue to monitor and respond to changes that digital transformation trigger.
The Contribution of Self-Actualization, Problem Solving, Stress Tolerance, and Intrinsic Motivation in Translation Quality

– It is generally accepted that translators' awareness of their emotions, managing them, and their motivational engagement in translation process are determining factors of translation quality. The current study was conducted to explore the probable impact of self-actualization, problem solving, stress tolerance, and intrinsic motivation on translation quality among translation studies students. For this aim, a total of 78 English language translation studies students from two universities in Mashhad took part in this study. They were asked to complete four questionnaires: self-actualization, problem solving, stress tolerance, and intrinsic motivation. For measuring the participants' translation quality, they were asked to translate a passage from NAATI. Then their translation was rated by three translators. The findings obtained from the Correlational analysis showed that self-actualization had the highest correlation with self-actualization followed by intrinsic motivation. The results of stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that about 14 percent of variability in translation quality could be predicted b taking self-actualization into account. Finally, the findings were discussed in details and implications were provided.
Predictive Policing: The Role of Crime Forecasting in Law Enforcement Operations

Predictive policing is the use of analytical techniques to identify targets for police intervention with the goal of preventing crime, solving past crimes, or identifying potential offenders and victims. These tools are not a substitute for integrated approaches to policing, nor are they a crystal ball. This guide assesses some of the most promising technical tools and tactical approaches for acting on predictions in an effective way.
University of Birmingham “It's been quite a challenge”: Redesigning end-of-life care in acute hospitals

Objective: This paper reports the ﬁndings of an interview-based study undertaken to investigate the introduction of end-of-life (EoL) care pathways in three acute trusts, as part of a larger project examining service redesign. The aim was to examine the barriers to and facilitators of change. Method: Twenty-one in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with staff working in three National Health Service (NHS) acute hospital trusts. These staff members were involved in end-of-life care, and their accounts were analyzed to identify the key issues when introducing service changes in these settings. Results: Thematic analysis revealed ﬁve major themes—two of which, leadership and facilitation , and education and training , indicate what needs to be in place if end-of-life care pathways are to be adopted by staff. However, the remaining three themes of difﬁcult conversations , diagnosing dying , and communication across boundaries highlight particular areas of practice and organization that need to be addressed before end-of-life care in hospitals can be improved. Signiﬁcance of results: Organization of end-of-life care in acute hospitals is challenging, and care pathways provide a degree of guidance as to how services can be delivered. However, even when there is effective leadership at all levels of an organization and an extensive program of education for all staff support the use of care pathways, signiﬁcant barriers to their introduction remain. These include staff anxieties concerning diagnosing dying and discussing dying and end-of-life care planning with patients and their families. It is hoped these ﬁndings can inform the development of the proposed new care plans which are set to replace end of life care pathways in England.
Late-life depression and the association with multimorbidity and polypharmacy: a cross-sectional study

a Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen , The Netherlands, b Department of General Practice , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen , The Netherlands, c Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen , The Netherlands, d NIVEL, Netherlands Institute of Health Services Research , Utrecht , The Netherlands, e Department of General Practice and Elderly care medicine/EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, The Netherlands and f Department of Pharmacy, Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
Crystal chemistry of natural layered double hydroxides. 5. Single-crystal structure refinement of hydrotalcite, [Mg6Al2(OH)16](CO3)(H2O)4

Abstract Hydrotalcite, ideally [Mg6Al2(OH)16](CO3)(H2O)4, was studied in samples from Dypingdal, Snarum, Norway (3R and 2H), Zelentsovskaya pit (2H) and Praskovie–Evgenievskaya pit (2H) (both Southern Urals, Russia), Talnakh, Siberia, Russia (3R), Khibiny, Kola, Russia (3R), and St. Lawrence, New York, USA (3R and 2H). Two polytypes, 3R and 2H (both ‘classical’), were confirmed on the basis of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data. Their chemical composition was studied by electron-microprobe analysis, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal structure of hydrotalcite-3R was solved by direct methods in the space group R$ {\bar 3} $m on three crystals (two data collections at 290 K and one at 120 K). The unit-cell parameters are as follows (290/290/120 K): a = 3.0728(9)/3.0626(3)/3.0617(4), c = 23.326(9)/23.313(3)/23.203(3) Å and V = 190.7(1)/189.37(4)/188.36(4) Å3. The crystal structures were refined on the basis of 304/150/101 reflections to R1 = 0.075/0.041/0.038. Hydrotalcite-2H crystallises in the P63/mmc space group; unit-cell parameters for two crystals are (data collection at 290 K and 93 K): a = 3.046(1)/3.0521(9), c = 15.447(6)/15.439(4) Å, V = 124.39(8)/124.55(8) Å3. The crystal structures were refined on the basis of 160/142 reflections to R1 = 0.077/0.059. This paper reports the first single-crystal structure data on hydrotalcite. Hydrotalcite distribution in Nature, diagnostic features, polytypism, interlayer topology and localisation of M2+–M3+ cations within metal hydroxide layers are discussed.
PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Original Studies Comparison of Outcome and Complications Using Different Types of Devices for Percutaneous Closure of a Secundum Atrial Septal Defect in Adults: A Single-Center Experience

The objective of this study was to find differences in outcome and complications using three different types of devices for percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in adults. Percutaneous closure of a secundum-type ASD is increasingly performed in adult patients. All adult patients who underwent a percutaneous closure of a secundumtype ASD in our center between November 1996 and November 2004 were included. Failure was defined as dislocation or embolization of the device, which required surgical intervention. Periprocedural and mid-term complications were registered. Sixty-five patients, mean age 45.7 6 18.1 years (18 men, 47 women), underwent a percutaneous closure of an ASD with an ASDOS in 3, an Amplatzer in 36, and a Cardioseal/Starflex closure device in 26 patients. During an overall median follow-up of 1.2 years (range, 0.1– 6.7 years), the failure occurred in four patients, all Cardioseal/Starflex (P 5 0.04). Within the Cardioseal/Starflex subgroup, the ASD and device diameters were significantly higher in those patients in whom the primary endpoint occurred compared to the others, 18.8 6 3.8 vs. 13.0 6 3.8 mm for ASD diameter (P 5 0.01) and 40 (range, 40–43) vs. 33 mm (range, 20–40) for device diameter (P 5 0.008). Overall complications were transient arrhythmias in 15.4%, pericardial effusion in 1.5%, and transient ischemic attack in 1.5%. Complete closure 6 months after the procedure occurred in 79.6%, without difference between the devices. Percutaneous ASD closure seems to be a relatively safe and effective procedure. However, using the larger Cardioseal/Starflex devices for closure seems to be related to a higher rate of device dislocation and embolization. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cost-effectiveness of endovascular therapy in the surgical management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

PURPOSE To determine the economic effect of endovascular therapy in conjunction with surgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. METHODS Twenty-five patients with arteriovenous malformations treated with embolization and surgical excision or embolization alone were compared with reported results in 475 patients who underwent surgery only. Respective mean morbidity and mortality rates were calculated and a cost-effectiveness analysis was performed in terms of costs of hospitalization, professional fees, and other direct procedural and indirect costs. Quality-adjusted life-years saved were also calculated. RESULTS The net effective treatment cost per cure was $71 366 (in 1992 dollars) for embolization and surgery compared with $78 506 for surgery alone. This resulted in a 9% average savings per treated patient. Cost per quality-adjusted life-year calculations resulted in a cost of $6734 for embolization and surgery and $9814 for surgical treatment alone, with savings as high as 34% when endovascular therapy was used. CONCLUSION Endovascular therapy in conjunction with surgery resulted in significant economic benefits for treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
A multi organ approach to acylcarnitine metabolism

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Percutaneous Vertebroplasty , Kyphoplasty , and Sacroplasty

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE The following Coverage Policy applies to health benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Certain Cigna Companies and/or lines of business only provide utilization review services to clients and do not make coverage determinations. References to standard benefit plan language and coverage determinations do not apply to those clients. Coverage Policies are intended to provide guidance in interpreting certain standard benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Please note, the terms of a customer’s particular benefit plan document [Group Service Agreement, Evidence of Coverage, Certificate of Coverage, Summary Plan Description (SPD) or similar plan document] may differ significantly from the standard benefit plans upon which these Coverage Policies are based. For example, a customer’s benefit plan document may contain a specific exclusion related to a topic addressed in a Coverage Policy. In the event of a conflict, a customer’s benefit plan document always supersedes the information in the Coverage Policies. In the absence of a controlling federal or state coverage mandate, benefits are ultimately determined by the terms of the applicable benefit plan document. Coverage determinations in each specific instance require consideration of 1) the terms of the applicable benefit plan document in effect on the date of service; 2) any applicable laws/regulations; 3) any relevant collateral source materials including Coverage Policies and; 4) the specific facts of the particular situation. Coverage Policies relate exclusively to the administration of health benefit plans. Coverage Policies are not recommendations for treatment and should never be used as treatment guidelines. In certain markets, delegated vendor guidelines may be used to support medical necessity and other coverage determinations.
LIFE HISTORY TRAITS AND BREEDING SUCCESS OF THE SCARLET-HEADED BLACKBIRD ( AMBLYRAMPHUS HOLOSERICEUS ) IN THE ARGENTINEAN PAMPAS

– In this paper we present data on the nesting success and life history traits of the Scarlet-headed Blackbird ( Amblyramphus holosericeus ) nesting in the Argentinean pampas. During the 1995–1997 and 2001–2002 breeding seasons (September–December), we found 60 Scarlet-headed Blackbird nests. About 40% of these nests produced fledglings, and daily nest mortality did not differ among nesting stages (laying, incubation, nestling). Clutch size was 3 eggs, and the mean number of fledglings was 1.33 ± 0.78. Brood reduction was a common cause of nestling loss as 39% of nest with more than 1 nestling lost the last hatched one. Results obtained from experimental nests indicate that parent nest attention increases the probability of nest success as natural nests showed a lower predation rate. We suggest that the high nest attention detected in this species could be responsible for the higher nesting success compared to other sympatric marsh nesting species. However, high nest attendance could also imply an additional cost as it may constrain the time available to parents for foraging, thus limiting the food delivered to nestlings.
Inter net Electronic Journal of Molecular Design

Motivation. A radical based homodesmotic reaction (HDR) is designed for the accurate calculation of the aromatic stabilization energy of cyclopropenyl cation. The energy of the HDR ( ∆ E) accounts for the energy released when the cyclic 2 π electron cationic conjugation is changed to a linear 2 π electron cationic conjugation. In other words, ∆ E corresponds to the aromatic stabilization energy of cyclopropenyl cation. The value of the aromatic stabilization at G2 level is found to be 127.0 kJ/mol. This stabilization energy is much smaller as compared to the value of 247.3 kJ/mol calculated by Glukhovtsev et al . in 1996 using a reaction falsely described as a homodesmotic reaction. In fact, their value accounted mainly the total π electron conjugation energy of (C 3 H 3 ) + and not to its aromatic stabilization. Method. B3LYP/
Panel on Gastrointestinal Imaging:

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level US abdomen Usually Appropriate O CT abdomen with IV contrast Usually Appropriate ☢☢☢ MRI abdomen without and with IV contrast with MRCP Usually Appropriate O MRI abdomen without IV contrast with MRCP May Be Appropriate O CT abdomen without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT abdomen without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ ERCP Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ US abdomen endoscopic Usually Not Appropriate O
Distribution of forms of iron in soils under Arecanut based cropping systems in the coastal regions of Udupi district

A survey was carried out in the farmer’s field in three taluks of Udupi district viz . , Udupi, Kundapura and Karkala taluks during the period of 2019 to 2021 in order to know the “Status of major nutrients under Arecanut based cropping systems in the coastal region of Udupi district”. The soil samples were analysed for chemical properties and also different forms of soil iron was estimated from randomly selected soil samples. The results revealed that soils were extremely acidic to strongly acidic range with pH ranged from 4.03 to 6.60, organic carbon status was medium to high with normal electrical conductivity. The cation exchange capacity of soils ranged from 2.34 to 10.02 cmol (p+) kg -1 . Forms of iron such as available iron, exchangeable iron, organically bound iron, crystalline oxide bound iron, amorphous oxide bound iron and total iron in soils ranged from 12.26 to 29.12, 1.22 to 17.05, 2.97 to 9.96, 310 to 2278.1, 271.54 to 1204.80, 603.90 to 3541.96 mg kg -1 with an average value of 19.61, 8.95, 5.50, 910.27, 754, 1732.85 mg kg -1 , respectively. Among the iron forms, crystalline oxide bound iron was found to be the dominant fraction. Correlation results indicated that all the iron forms had positive and significant relationship between them. Total iron showed positive and significant correlation with crystalline oxide bound, amorphous oxide bound, available and exchangeable iron. It showed positive correlation but non-significant with amorphous and organically bound iron.
Under-/over-rating of mathematics self-concept and educational outcomes: The roles of ego-dimensions and public self-consciousness1

The present study examines the link between students' under-/over-rating of mathematics self-concept and educational outcomes in mathematics such as achievement and motivation. Also of interest are dimensions of ego-involvement (ego-orientation and competence-valuation) and public self-consciousness as two factors that might contribute to predicting under-/over-rating. It is hypothesised that ego-orientation, competence-valuation, and public self-consciousness are positively associated with over-rating of mathematics self-concept. To examine these issues, high school students responded to a questionnaire that assessed motivation orientation, competence-valuation self-consciousness, maths motivation (future plans for maths)