Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical identification of aquaporin 2 in the kidneys of wild boars (Sus scrofa)

Abstract: Mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of at least 13 small, integral membrane proteins expressed in various fluid-transporting epithelial cells. Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is mainly expressed in the kidneys, where it plays an important role in the reabsorption of water from the renal tubular fluid to concentrate urine. Studies of AQP2 expression in the kidneys have been performed in humans, monkeys, sheep, dogs, rabbits, rats, mice, and cattle. We analyzed the expression of AQP2 in the kidneys of wild boars (Sus scrofa). AQP2 was localized in the principal cells of collecting ducts in medullary rays penetrating the renal cortex and in the collecting duct of the renal medulla. The presence of AQP2 was confirmed mainly in the apical plasma membrane but also in the intracellular components and basolateral membrane of the principal cells of the collecting ducts. Due to the key role of AQP2 in the regulation of water balance in mammals and the lack of studies in the literature concerning analysis of this protein in wild boars, this work completes the present state of knowledge by providing new information on immunolocalization and immunoexpression of aquaporin 2 in Sus scrofa kidneys.
Biogeography of Glandulocaudinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) revisited: phylogenetic patterns, historical geology and genetic connectivity

The biogeography of the Glandulocaudinae (former Glandulocaudini) is reviewed. The major pattern of diversification presented by this group of freshwater fishes can be clearly associated to the main aspects of the tectonic evolution of the southern portion of the Cis-Andean South American Platform. The phylogenetic relationships within the group suggest that the clade represented by Lophiobrycon is the sister-group of the more derived clade represented by the genus Glandulocauda and Mimagoniates. Lophiobrycon and Glandulocauda occur in areas of the ancient crystalline shield of southeastern Brazil and their present allopatric distribution is probably due to relict survival and tectonic vicariant events. Populations of Glandulocauda melanogenys are found in contiguous drainages in presently isolated upper parts of the Tiete, Guaratuba, Itatinga, and Ribeira de Iguape basins and this pattern of distribution is probably the result of river capture caused by tectonic processes that affected a large area in eastern and southeastern Brazil. The species of Mimagoniates are predominantly distributed along the eastern and southeastern coastal areas, but M. microlepis is additionally found in the rio Iguacu and Tibagi basins. Mimagoniates barberi occurs in both SW margin of the upper rio Parana basin and the lower Paraguay and Mimagoniates sp. occurs in the upper Paraguay river basin. Tectonic activations of the Continental Rift of Southeastern Brazil along the eastern margin of the Upper Parana basin promoted population fragmentation responsible of the present day distribution presented by Glandulocauda melanogenys. We hypothesize that occurrence of Mimagoniates along the lowland area around the Parana basin was due to a single or a multiple fragmentation of populations along the W-SW border of the upper Parana Basin, probably due to the major tectonic origin of the Chaco-Pantanal wetland foreland basins since the Miocene as well as Cenozoic tectonic activity along the borders of the upper Parana basin, such as in the eastern Paraguay, in the Asuncion Rift. Distributional pattern of Mimagoniates suggests that its initial diversification may be related to the tectonic evolution of the Chaco-Pantanal foreland basin system and a minimum age of 2.5 M.Y are proposed for this monophyletic group. Previous hypotheses on sea level fluctuations of the late Quaternary as being the main causal mechanism promoting cladogenesis and speciation of the group are critically reviewed. Phylogeographic studies based on molecular data indicate significant differences among the isolated populations of M. microlepis. These findings suggest that a much longer period of time and a paleogeographic landscape configuration of the Brazilian southeastern coastal region explain the present observed phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns.
First-order definable phonological structure DRAFT

This paper posits the hypothesis that phonological structure is first-order definable from surface strings, and shows how this hypothesis meaningfully restricts the typology with respect to surface correspondence-based analyses of long-distance consonant agreement. This is accomplished through the technique of logical transductions, which make it possible to compare the relative expressivity of constraints operating over distinct structures, and thus to connect phonological structure with computational characterizations of phonological patterns. Comparisons are also made to previous explanations of long-distance consonant agreement under formal language theory and surface correspondence in Optimality Theory.
1 for first issue JMS2014.dvi

An important step in estimating the index of refraction of electromagnetic scattering problems is to compute the associated transmission eigenvalue problem. We develop in this paper efficient and accurate spectral methods for computing the transmission eigenvalues associated to the electromagnetic scattering problems. We present ample numerical results to show that our methods are very effective for computing transmission eigenvalues (particularly for computing the smallest eigenvalue), and together with the linear sampling method, provide an efficient way to estimate the index of refraction of a non-absorbing inhomogeneous medium. AMS subject classifications: 78A45, 65N35, 35J05, 41A58
Is there a Gap or Congruency Effect? A Cross-Sectional Study in Students’ Fraction Comparison

This research was carried out with the support of Conselleria d’Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport (Generalitat Valenciana, Spain) (PROMETEO/2017/135) and with the support of University of Alicante (UAFPU2018-035).
Quantifying length-effects on buckling-restrained braces that are considerably longer than the associated qualification tests

AISC 341 Seismic Provisions include acceptance criteria and extrapolation ranges for Buckling Restrained Braces (BRB). The purpose of these criteria is to ensure similar post-yielding performance of BRB in structures exposed to seismic events to those of the documented qualification testing upon which they were designed. While criteria are provided for many physical properties of BRB, there are none relating to BRB length and no limitations are put on the length of BRB used in design relative to that of the associated qualification test specimen’s length. It has been common practice to extrapolate results from the tests of braces that are around 6 meters in lengths to much longer braces without considering the effects of the increased length on the overstrength and casing demands. As length increases, BRBs may develop larger overstrength than expected compared to shorter braces due to length-dependent friction and bending effects. Additionally, the BRB casing which is typically designed to satisfy Euler-Buckling demands, may react differently than expected due to increased self-weight and the development of higher-than-expected overstrength. A series of experiments were performed on buckling-restrained braces about 13 meters in length, and braces with similar cores but only 6 meters in length, to investigate length effects on brace overstrength and casing demands. A proposed adjustment factor is recommended for extrapolating the qualification test results of short braces to longer ones. The experiments also provide helpful insights on casing performance when bending stresses are combined with axial forces.
Physiological Responses of Rock Crab Cancer irroratus Exposed to Waterborne Pollutants

Abstract This study investigates the impact of waterborne xenobiotics on the rock crab Cancer irroratus. Male rock crabs were caged at two polluted sites for five weeks. One site was highly polluted while the other was slightly polluted mainly by metals. A control group was caged in a raceway tank supplied with clean sea water. The activity of branchial ATPases was increased in crabs exposed to pollution, presumably to compensate for the competition of metals with electrolytes and to facilitate the transport of metals out of the cytoplasm. The rock crab was characterized as having high basal levels of glutathione in the digestive gland (∼ 3500 nmol GSH equivalents/g dry weight). Exposure to waterborne pollutants failed to trigger an increase in glutathione concentration, but over time in crabs caged at the highly polluted site it elicited a 26% increment in the relative mass of the digestive gland which is an important site for glutathione synthesis. Neither cytochrome C oxidase, nor lactate dehydrogenase activity in the merus muscle was affected by pollution. By the end of the experiment, somatic growth rate was highest in the control crabs though the crabs caged at the polluted sites also maintained a positive energy balance. Gonadal growth was delayed at the highly polluted site but the size of the gonads caught up with that of the controls by the termination of the experiment.
Gene Flow between Nigerian Sheep Breeds as Revealed by Microsatellite DNA Markers

The presence and level of gene flow between the four major Nigerian sheep breeds (West African Dwarf (WAD), Yankasa, Balami and Uda) was assessed using microsatellite DNA markers. DNA was extracted from 50μl of whole blood using the ZymoBeadTM Genomic DNA Kit The DNA was amplified by PCR in a MyCyclerTM Thermal Cycler (Biorad, Hercules, CA) using 15 microsatellite markers selected. DNA fragment analysis of microsatellite markers was carried out using the Applied BioSystems 3730xl DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The level of gene flow or population structure was assessed by STRUCTURE software and barplots generated by DISTRUCT. At K=2, two clusters was constituted from breeds descending from Balami and Yankasa, both of which are from Northern region in Nigeria. At K=3 and K=4, one more cluster emerged and further analyses did not reveal any additional strong high level substructure, so separating the entire the entire datasets into 3 major clusters was chosen as the final configuration. There are however, several cases of admixtures in the genome of some of the individuals that constitute the cluster. Yankasa and Balami breed had more cases of admixtures followed by Uda while the WAD was the least breed with cases of admixtures. The values of genetic differentiation ranged between 0.11 and 0.19 with the highest mean value of 0.14. These results reveal the presence of gene flow among the Nigerian sheep breeds.
To boldly go where no goby has gone before: boldness, dispersal tendency, and metabolism at the invasion front

The successful establishment and expansion of invasive species may be linked to the behavior and dispersal tendency of individuals within an introduced population. To test the prediction that the boldest individuals, with the greatest dispersal tendency would be concentrated in the area of active range expansion, we compared the behavior, dispersal tendency, and metabolic rate of male round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) sampled from the expanding edge of their range with those sampled from an established area in the Trent–Severn Waterway, Ontario, Canada. Behavior and dispersal tendency were assessed in an artificial flume at 2 different water velocities using individuals caught in the spring and autumn of 2013, while resting metabolic rate (RMR) was determined using intermittent flow-through respirometry on fish collected in the autumn only. Round goby from the edge of their expanding range emerged from a shelter sooner, moved farther and faster in the flume, and had higher RMRs than individuals from established areas within the river. Neither water velocity nor season of capture was important in explaining the variation in time of emergence or movement. The higher proportion of bold individuals with high dispersal potential at invasion fronts facilitates further dispersal of round goby populations, and could help explain the rapid expansion of this species in North America and Western Europe. However, the benefits of bold phenotypes in terms of dispersal may be offset by increased energetic costs while at rest.
Systematic review of small fruit-eating bats (Artibeus) from the Guianas, and a re-evaluation of A. glaucus bogotensis

Abstract We studied molecular and morphological variation in small fruit-eating bats (Artibeus) in northern South America to establish species boundaries, evolutionary relationships, and distributional limits. Although this is a speciose genus with some of the most common bats in Neotropical forests, resolution of taxonomy and their identification has been difficult. Our molecular phylogeny based on Bayesian and parsimony analyses of cytochrome b variation includes a well supported topology of A. glaucus glaucus sister to a clade of A. gnomus and A. glaucus bogotensis indicating that A. glaucus is a paraphyletic amalgam. A re-assessment of morphology corroborates differences between A. g. bogotensis from the Andean valleys of Colombia east into the Guianas and A. g. glaucus from western Amazonia. Thus, we recognize A. bogotensis and A. glaucus as distinct and allopatrically occurring species. Based on a Kimura-2 parameter model of substitution for cytochrome b, there was 1.2% sequence divergence within A. bogotensis, and 9.5% sequence divergence between A. bogotensis and A. glaucus. Compared to A. glaucus, A. bogotensis has prominent white facial stripes, a less hirsute interfemoral membrane, less robust orbitorostral region, and also lacks a small third lower molar. Within the Guiana region, there are three species with overlapping distributions (A. bogotensis, A. cinereus, and A. gnomus), however, they are sympatric only within the interior lowland forest near savannas. All other habitats including coastal forest, lowland forest, savanna, and highland forest have only two sympatric species, one of which is relatively more abundant (> 70%).
EMERGENCE OF IMIPENEM RESISTANCE AND PRESENCE OF METALLO-β-LACTAMASES ENZYMES IN MULTI DRUG RESISTANT GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN KERMAN, 2007-2008

Abstract: Background & Aims: Imipenem is a member of Carbapenem with stability against most β-lactamases . It is of particular use in the treatment of infections associated with drug resistant gram negative bacteria harboring ESBL and AmpC genes. The aim of this study was to determine the imipenem resistance in gram negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections and the presence of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLS) in resistant isolates. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem was determined for 276 multiple drug resistant gram negative bacteria by agar dilution method. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were used as standard strains. Disk diffusion method with disks containing imipenem and imipenem+10µl EDTA (0.5 M) was used for determination of the presence of metallo-β-lactamases. Zone diameter ≥7mm of imipenem tested in combination with EDTA versus imipenem alone was considered as MBL positive. Results: From a total of 276 β-lactamase producing isolates including K. pneumoniae (n=38), E. coli (n=169) and P.aeruginosa (n=69), 3 isolates with MIC=32µg/ml were found to be resistant to Imipenem. From these isolates, one strain of K. pneumoniae and one strain of P.aeruginosa isolates were determined to be MBL producers by phenotypic method. Conclusion: According to the presence of metallo β- lactamases in bacterial strain in the region, resistance to this valuable therapeutic agent is not unexpected. Keywords: Imipenem, metallo-β-lactamases, Gram- negative Bacteria, Drug Resistance
AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM‐VI CEREBRAL COMPARTMENTS OF GLUTAMIC ACID METABOLISM

IN RECENT studies of glutamic acid metabolism in uivo, the fate of tracer amounts of rqlabelled glutamic acid administered intravenously to rats and mice was investigated in experiments of short duration (LAJTHA, BERL and WAELSCH, 1959). The major portion of the amino acid apparently entered brain, liver, kidney and muscle as the acid and conversion to the amide was not an essential prerequisite for exchange across the blood-brain barrier. The metabolic changes which then ensued were quite rapid, for within 2 min after injection of [14C]glutamic acid, the glutamic acid, glutamine, and glutathione* fractions of brain, liver and kidney and the y-aminobutyric acid fraction of brain were significantly labelled; the specific activity of the organ glutamine was closest to that of the dicarboxylic acid. In many experiments with [14c]glutamic acid the specific activity of plasma glutamine was higher than that of glutamine and glutamic acid in the brain and liver. Such a result would be obtained if the plasma glutamine were being formed in organs other than those analysed, or if the glutamine were synthesized from (14C]glutamic acid of higher specific activity than that resulting from the mixing of the administered labelled amino acid with the organ glutamic acid. In addition, the newly formed amide may have been released to the blood before being equilibrated with the organ glutamine. The latter explanation suggests cellular compartmentalization of glutamine synthesis. In this report data are presented on the metabolism of [14C]glutamic acid after intracisternal administration of p4C]glutamic and aspartic acids and p4C]glutamine to rats and monkeys. As in the study of protein turnover and the previous investigations, the animals were exposed for only short periods of time to the isotopic amino acids in order to avoid equilibration of the label and to study the initial fate of the administered glutamic acid. EXPERIMENTAL
The Buffering Effect of Perceived Supervisor Support on the Relationship between Work Engagement and Behavioral Outcomes

The current study inspected the generally held postulation that a low level of work engagement leads to deviant behavior and higher turnover intentions. To test the hypothesis, the study selected 335 employees from newly established higher educational institutions of Pakistan. The study found that employee work engagement is negatively related with deviant behavior and turnover intentions directed towards the organization. The results suggest that perceived supervisor support moderate the relationship between work engagement and deviant behavior. However, perceived supervisor support did not moderate the relationship between work engagement and turnover intentions. Based on the results, we concluded that perceived supervisor support may use as a payoff for comparatively low levels of work engagement. Implications and directions for future research are also highlighted.
Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae).

ree new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller are described from the central highlands of Costa Rica: Phyllocnis- tis drimiphaga sp. n. , P. maxberryi sp. n. , and P. tropaeolicola sp. n. Larvae of all three are serpentine leaf miners. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga feeds on Drimys granadensis (Winteraceae), P. maxberryi on Gaiadendron punctatum (Loranthaceae), and P. tropaeolicola on Tropaeolum emarginatum (Tropaeolaceae). All speci- mens were collected as larvae or pupae in their mines and reared in captivity. Parasitoid wasps were reared from P. drimiphaga and P. maxberryi. Description of the adults, pupae, and life histories are supplemented with photographs, illustrations, and scanning electron micrographs.
A New Mutation in Plant Als Confers Resistance to Five Classes of Als-inhibiting Herbicides

Abstract Experiments were conducted to evaluate a biotype of smooth pigweed that had survived applications of sulfonylurea (SU) and imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides in a single season. The source field had a history of repeated acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide use over several years. Whole-plant response experiments evaluated the resistant (R11) biotype and an ALS-inhibitor susceptible (S) smooth pigweed biotype to herbicides from the SU, IMI, pyrimidinylthiobenzoate (PTB), and triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide (TP) chemical families. The R11 biotype exhibited 60- to 3,200-fold resistance to all four ALS-inhibiting herbicide chemistries compared with the S biotype. Nucleotide sequence comparison of Als genes from R11 and S biotypes revealed a single nucleotide difference that resulted in R11 having an amino acid substitution of aspartate to glutamate at position 376, as numbered relative to the protein sequence of mouseearcress. This is the first report of an amino acid substitution at this position of an Als gene isolated from a field-selected weed biotype. To verify the role of this mutation in herbicide resistance, the Als gene was cloned and expressed in Arabidopsis. Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing this Als gene exhibited resistance to SU, IMI, PTB, TP, and sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone ALS-inhibiting herbicide classes. Nomenclature: Chlorimuron cloransulam imazethapyr propoxycarbazone pyrithiobac thifensulfuron smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACH mouseearcress, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ARBTH.
Book Reviews

This book, as the title suggests, is divided into three parts: the first with the bounding of the ‘American’ nation (i.e. the United States); the second with the apportioning of this domain into bounded states; and the third with apportioning of most of these states into rectangular parcels. The author is an Adjunct Associate Professor of architecture who teaches the design studio for undergraduates in the Department of Architecture at MIT. He describes himself as being an ‘unabashed’ ‘aficionado’ of the rectangular survey which divided most of the western States into square governmental units that were in turn divided into a range of smaller square (or rectangular) sub-units down to the size of an individual property (XIII). The author brings to his task an architect’s gut level understanding of the process of measuring land, surveying space and representing that space on paper, something he himself does in a myriad of maps illustrating minutely the step-by-step process by which boundaries were drawn across the American continent. Many of the maps are so arranged that by flipping the pages one can visualize the process, as if in a film, by which America was ‘gridded up’. The attraction of this approach can be illustrated by the author’s refusal, as an ‘‘amateur historian’’ (p. 193) to become involved in speculation on how key decisions concerning the measuring and apportionment of land were made by the early US legislatures. Instead, he gives, for example, a highly pedagogical explanation for why, on the basis of the land use and technology of the time, it would have been logical for people to prefer the measures of inches, feet, miles, etc., to the seemingly more rational metric system (p. 195). Though the authorship of the rectangular approach to land division owes at least partially to the Enlightenment ideals of Thomas Jefferson, who was largely the author of the US Constitution, Hubbard, with his common sense approach, plays down this influence. This book is, in fact, singularly devoid of philosophical or theoretical analysis, for example, of the literature on space or boundaries. As Hubbard puts it: