Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of the Proximate Composition, Functional Properties and Amino Acid Profile of Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata Found in Minna, Niger State

The proximate composition, functional properties and amino acid profile of samples of Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea bulbifera were investigated using standard analytical methods. The results showed that Dioscorea alata had the highest ash (5.59±0.06 %) and crude fiber content (12.12±0.20 %), indicating that it has more mineral stuffing and is best to reduce the risk of obesity. Dioscorea rotundata had the highest fat content (11.63±0.04 %) as well as the lowest moisture content (7.04±0.06 %), indicating that it is a better source of calories and has a longer shelf-life than other yam species analysed. Dioscorea bulbifera also had the highest crude protein (8.64±0.03 %) and carbohydrates (77.51±0.08 %) than other yam species analysed, indicating high bodybuilding capacity and a better source of energy than other yam samples analysed. Dioscorea alata showed the highest bulk density (0.87±0.02 g/cm3) and swelling capacity (15.25±0.03 g/g). It is indicating its usefulness in the reduction of paste thickness and water-holding capacity of starch granules respectively while Dioscorea rotundata, showed the highest water absorption capacity (164.02±0.02 %), oil absorption capacity (149.76±0.02 %) and dispersibility (72.17±0.01 %). This indicates its importance in the consistency and bulking of products, flavour retaining in food and reconstitution of flour samples in water to give a fine consistent paste during mixing. The yam species were also rich in amino acids which are building blocks of protein. However, Dioscorea rotundata was the richest in amino acid content, as it had 36.32±0.16 g/100g and 36.49±0.16 g/100g, for essential and non-essential amino acids respectively.
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF WET DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES (WDGS) IN THE DIET OF DAIRY COWS

Corn wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) included up to 25% in the diet of 16 Simmental dairy cows, 27 to 72 months old, during three weeks, negatively affected rumen function monitored by non-invasive parameters, such as fecal consistency, and also influenced milk quality by reducing milk fat content. Dry distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) are currently the most attractive by-product of the bioethanol industry due to the possibility of application in the diet of various animal species, whereas WDGS is often more locally available and financially affordable; however, there is little data in the literature indicating potential negative consequences of its use. Therefore, this report aims to point out, based on a practical example, the possible problems of its application in the diet of dairy cows as the most metabolically sensitive category, as well as to demonstrate steps to prevent and/or mitigate eventual errors.
Some Variants of the Balancing Sequence

Balancing and cobalancing numbers admit generalizations in multiple directions. Sequence balancing numbers,gap balancing numbers,balancing-like numbers etc.are examples of such generalizations. The definition of cobalancing and balancing numbers involves balancing sums of natural numbers up to certain number and beyond the next or next to next number up to a feasible limit. If these sums are not exactly equal but differ by just unity, then the numbers in the positions of balancing and cobalancing numbers are termed as almost balancing and almost cobalancing numbers. Almost balancing as well as almost cobalancing numbers are governed by pairs of generalized Pell’s equation which are suitable alteration of the Pell’s equations for balancing and cobalancing numbers respectively. Similar alterations in the system of Pell’s equations of the balancing-like sequences result in a family of generalized Pell’s equation pair and their solutions result in almost balancing-like sequences. Another generalization of the notion of balancing numbers is possible by evenly arranging numbers on a circle (instead of arranging on a line) and deleting two numbers corresponding to a chord so as to balance the sums of numbers on the two resulting arcs. This consideration leads to the definition of circular balancing numbers. An interesting thing about studying several variations in the balancing sequence is that such variations increase the possibility of their application in other areas of mathematical sciences. For example,some of the balancing-like sequences along with their associated Lucas-balancing-like sequences are very closely associated with a statistical Diophantine problem.If the standard deviation 𝜎 of 𝑁 consecutive natural numbers is an integer then 𝜎 is twice some term of a balancing-like sequence and 𝑁,the corresponding term of the associated Lucas-balancing-like sequence.Also,these variations have many important unanswered aspects that would trigger future researchers to work in this area.
Identification of Gene Markers Associated with COVID-19 Severity and Recovery in Different Immune Cell Subtypes

Simple Summary It is known that COVID-19 causes dynamic changes in the immune system. At different stages of the course of COVID-19, the immune cells may exhibit different patterns, which have not been fully uncovered. In this study, a machine-learning-based method was designed to deeply analyze the scRNA-seq data of three types of immune cells from patients with COVID-19, including B cells, T cells, and myeloid cells. Four levels of COVID-19 severity/outcome were involved for each cell type. As a result, several essential genes were obtained, and some of them could be confirmed to be related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Abstract As COVID-19 develops, dynamic changes occur in the patient’s immune system. Changes in molecular levels in different immune cells can reflect the course of COVID-19. This study aims to uncover the molecular characteristics of different immune cell subpopulations at different stages of COVID-19. We designed a machine learning workflow to analyze scRNA-seq data of three immune cell types (B, T, and myeloid cells) in four levels of COVID-19 severity/outcome. The datasets for three cell types included 403,700 B-cell, 634,595 T-cell, and 346,547 myeloid cell samples. Each cell subtype was divided into four groups, control, convalescence, progression mild/moderate, and progression severe/critical, and each immune cell contained 27,943 gene features. A feature analysis procedure was applied to the data of each cell type. Irrelevant features were first excluded according to their relevance to the target variable measured by mutual information. Then, four ranking algorithms (last absolute shrinkage and selection operator, light gradient boosting machine, Monte Carlo feature selection, and max-relevance and min-redundancy) were adopted to analyze the remaining features, resulting in four feature lists. These lists were fed into the incremental feature selection, incorporating three classification algorithms (decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, and random forest) to extract key gene features and construct classifiers with superior performance. The results confirmed that genes such as PFN1, RPS26, and FTH1 played important roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings provide a useful reference for the understanding of the ongoing effect of COVID-19 development on the immune system.
Analysis of Mathematical Reasoning Ability Reviewed Based on The Level of Mathematical Anxiety

Kemampuan penalaran matematika merupakan kemampuan dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa. Oleh karenanya guru sebagai pendidik, harus dapat meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematika selama proses pembelajaran sekaligus mengurangi hambatan siswa dalam belajar matematika. Namun demikian kenyataanya ada hambatan kecemasan yang dialami oleh siswa yang tidak diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa ditinjau berdasarkan tingkat kecemasan matematika. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian berjumlah 6 orang siswa yang dipilih dari tiap kategori kecemasan matematika. Instrumen pendukung dalam penelitian ini meliputi: 1) Angket Kecemasan Matematika; 2) Tes Kemampuan Penalaran matematika; 3) Pedoman Wawancara. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa siswa dengan tingkat kecemasan matematika rendah yaitu S1 dan S2 dapat memenuhi 3 dari 4 indikator penalaran matematika; siswa dengan tingkat kecemasan matematika sedang yaitu S6 mampu memenuhi 1 dari 4 indikaor penalaran matematika dan S16 tidak mampu memenuhi semua indikator penalaran matematika; siswa dengan tingkat kecemasan matematika tinggi yaitu S11dan S20 tidak mampu memenuhi semua indikator penalaran matematika. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi dan pertimbangan bagi peneliti lain dan guru dalam memilih strategi pembelajaran sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematika sekaligus mengurangi tingkat kecemasan siswa. Mathematical reasoning ability is a basic ability that must be possessed by students. Teachers as educators must be able to improve to learning mathematics. However, in reality there are anxiety barriers experienced by students who are not known. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe students' mathematical reasoning abilities in terms of their level of math anxiety. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. Supporting instruments in this study include: 1) Mathematical Anxiety Questionnaire; 2) Mathematical Reasoning Ability Test; 3) Interview Guidelines. The Result known that students with low levels of math anxiety, namely S1 and S2, can fulfill 3 of the 4 indicators of mathematical reasoning; students with a moderate level of math anxiety, namely S6 were able to fulfill 1 of 4 indicators of mathematical reasoning and S16 were not able to fulfill all indicators of mathematical reasoning; students with high levels of math anxiety, namely S11 and S20, were unable to fulfill all indicators of mathematical reasoning. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for other researchers and teachers in choosing learning strategies so that they can improve mathematical reasoning abilities while reducing students' anxiety levels.
The Tumor Suppressor DAB2IP Is Regulated by Cell Contact and Contributes to YAP/TAZ Inhibition in Confluent Cells

Simple Summary External and internal mechanical forces affect the shape, movement, proliferation and metabolism of cells within tissues. The transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ are key sensors of mechanical inputs, and their aberrant activation in solid tumors promotes cancer aggressiveness. It is thus important to understand how YAP/TAZ activity is controlled, and how such control is altered in tumors. DAB2IP is a cytoplasmic protein that negatively modulates several signaling pathways; being a tumor suppressor, it is frequently disabled in cancer. Using mammary epithelial cells as a model, we find that DAB2IP levels depend on cell density, and depletion of DAB2IP modifies cell morphology and stiffness in confluent cultures. We also find that DAB2IP behaves as an inhibitor of YAP/TAZ nuclear localization and activity in confluent cells. These observations suggest that DAB2IP may function as a sensor of cellular interactions, contributing to restraining the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways in intact tissues. Abstract External and internal mechanical forces modulate cell morphology, movement, proliferation and metabolism, and represent crucial inputs for tissue homeostasis. The transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ are important effectors of mechanical signaling and are frequently activated in solid tumors, correlating with metastasis, chemoresistance, and shorter patient survival. YAP/TAZ activity is controlled by various pathways that sense cell shape, polarity, contacts, and mechanical tension. In tumors, aberrant YAP/TAZ activation may result from cancer-related alterations of such regulatory networks. The tumor suppressor DAB2IP is a Ras-GAP and scaffold protein that negatively modulates multiple oncogenic pathways and is frequently downregulated or inactivated in solid tumors. Here, we provide evidence that DAB2IP expression is sustained by cell confluency. We also find that DAB2IP depletion in confluent cells alters their morphology, reducing cell packing while increasing cell stiffness. Finally, we find that DAB2IP depletion in confluent cells favors YAP/TAZ nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, while its ectopic expression in subconfluent cells increases YAP/TAZ retention in the cytoplasm. Together, these data suggest that DAB2IP may function as a sensor of cell interactions, contributing to dampening cellular responses to oncogenic inputs in confluent cells and that DAB2IP loss-of-function would facilitate YAP/TAZ activation in intact epithelia, accelerating oncogenic transformation.
Meta-Analysis: Association of Obesity with Incidence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the disorders that often attacks women that cause difficulty obtaining pregnancy. PCOS causes 5-10% of women of reproductive age to become infertile. In Indonesia itself, the exact incidence of PCOS is unknown. Most people with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) do not know that they have the syndrome. This cannot be separated from precipitating factors, one of which is obesity or high body mass index. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the strength of the effect of obesity on the incidence of PCOS. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Primary data is retrieved through the electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer Link and Cochrane Database. By using the search keywords "obesity AND risk factor AND PCOS", "body mass index" AND "polycystic ovary syndrome". Articles taken between 2013-2023. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3 application. 6 articles qualified quantitatively for analysis. Increased body mass index or obesity, especially the abdomen, will increase the risk of PCOS 1.99-fold compared to women who have a normal body mass index and are statistically significant (OR 1.99; 95% CI: 1.79 – 2.20; p value < 0.001). Body mass index or obesity, especially the abdomen, will increase the risk of PCOS 1.99 times compared to women who have a normal body mass index.
The Influence of Storage and Cooking on the Vitamin D Content of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-Enriched Eggs

Food fortification is an effective approach to improve vitamin D (VD) concentrations in foods. Eggs are a useful food vehicle for enrichment with VD via its hydroxylated metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D3), in hen feed. This study determined the impact of time of lay, storage conditions (ambient and refrigeration) and common cooking methods (boiling, frying, scrambling, poaching and microwaving) on the vitamin D metabolite concentration of eggs enriched with 25-D3. Processed samples were freeze-dried and analysed for D3 and 25-D3 using an HPLC-MS(/MS) method. The results indicated that storage and cooking practices influence VD metabolites, with 25-D3 showing true retention of 72–111% and concentrations of 0.67–0.96 µg/100 g of whole egg. Vitamin D3 showed true retention of 50–152% and concentrations of 0.11–0.61 µg/100 g of whole egg. Depending on the storage and method of cooking applied, the calculated total VD activity of enriched eggs ranged from 3.45 to 5.43 µg/100 g of whole egg and was 22–132% higher in comparison to standardised VD content for non-enriched British eggs. The study suggests that 25-D3 is a stable metabolite in eggs following storage and cooking, and that 25-D3-enriched eggs may serve as a potent dietary source of VD.
Evaluating Outcome in Mechanically Ventilated Young Patients at a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Aim: To evaluate outcome in mechanically ventilated young patients at a pediatric intensive care unit. Material and methods: This Study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Shaihida Islam Teaching Hospital Lodhran in the duration from October, 2022 to March, 2023. We randomly sampled 154 pediatric ICU patients requiring mechanical breathing aged 1–10 years of both genders. The outcome of mechanically ventilated young patients at a pediatric intensive care unit was evaluated. Independent samples T test and Chi Square test were applied for assessing association keeping statistical significance at 0.05. Results: The mean age of the patients was 4.44±2.61 years, length of hospital stay 7.08±4.27 days. In our study 102 (66.2%) patients survived while 52 (33.8%) had expired. Outcome had significant association with type of cases and length of hospital stay. Conclusion: From our study we conclude that the expiry rate of the children admitted for mechanical ventilation was 33.8%. Keywords: Mechanical ventilation, Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Critical illness
Strategic Upward Striving Toward $100 Million Revenue: Setting Goals to Attract External Attention

We provide evidence that in certain contexts, firms set upward-striving goals and that this upward striving yields significant performance and visibility benefits. We develop a model of variable attention in which, as firms’ performance levels approach cognitively salient round numbers, managers strategically shift their focus from easier-to-reach goals based on historical and social reference points to more challenging goals that provide external visibility and capital market benefits. As one specific yet important instance of an upward shift in attention, we document a significant increase in revenue growth rates as firms’ annual revenue approaches $100 million. Firms achieving this goal obtain discontinuous increases in analyst and media coverage, investment by new institutional investors, and executive compensation. We find no evidence of decreased investment efficiency or profitability, suggesting that managers typically build slack into their goal levels. Our theory extends to goals based on other salient round numbers, such as revenue of $10 million, $500 million, and $1 billion. This study recasts behavioral theory of firm research in an open systems perspective, highlighting the externally directed aspects of firm goal setting. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021. 15148 .
Confined inclined thermal convection in low-Prandtl-number fluids

Any tilt of a Rayleigh–Bénard convection cell against gravity changes the global flow structure inside the cell, which leads to a change of the heat and momentum transport. Especially sensitive to the inclination angle is the heat transport in low-Prandtl-number fluids and confined geometries. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the global flow structure and its influence on the global heat transport in inclined convection in a cylindrical container of diameter-to-height aspect ratio $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}=1/5$ . The study is based on direct numerical simulations where two different Prandtl numbers $Pr=0.1$ and 1.0 are considered, while the Rayleigh number, $Ra$ , ranges from $10^{6}$ to $10^{9}$ . For each combination of $Ra$ and $Pr$ , the inclination angle is varied between 0 and $\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/2$ . An optimal inclination angle of the convection cell, which provides the maximal global heat transport, is determined. For inclined convection we observe the formation of two system-sized plume columns, a hot and a cold one, that impinge on the opposite boundary layers. These are related to a strong increase in the heat transport.
Production and Characterization of Blow-Spun Recycled Polycarbonate Nanofibers Using the Airbrush System

This paper evaluates the use of the airbrush adapted solution blow spinning process as a secondary recycling method to produce recycled polycarbonate nanofibers. The results show a gradual improvement in fiber morphology and reduction in fiber diameter with increasing concentration, obtaining fibers at 18% w/v, indicating that the process is effective in producing high-quality nanofibers. The ideal morphology for the samples was obtained under 21%w/v and 60 Psi of air pressure with an 80nm average diameter. The thermal analysis demonstrates that the fibers possess similar thermal behavior to pure polycarbonate while the oxidation index didn’t show significant degradation on the fibers, suggesting that they can be used as standalone nanofibers for advanced applications. The produced nanofibers have diameters below 100 nm, making them suitable for use in face mask filters, among other applications. The study provides a new approach for the recycling of polycarbonate materials, offering a sustainable solution for their reuse.
Coping as a Mediator between Attachment and Depressive Symptomatology Either in Pregnancy or in the Early Postpartum Period: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Peripartum depression (PPD) is a major complication of pregnancy, and numerous risk factors have been associated with its onset, including dysfunctional coping strategies and insecure attachment styles, both during pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of coping strategies in mediating the relationship between women’s attachment style and depressive symptomatology in pregnancy and one week after giving birth in a large sample of women (N = 1664). Our hypothesis was that the relationship between anxious and avoidant attachment and depressive symptomatology would be mediated by use of maladaptive coping strategies. The assessment instruments were Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Brief Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (COPE), and Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR). The results indicated that the effect of insecure attachment styles (anxious and avoidant attachment) on antepartum depressive symptomatology was partially mediated by dysfunctional coping styles. Anxious attachment also has an indirect significant effect on postpartum depressive symptomatology through emotional coping; however, avoidant attachment does not seem to be significantly related to postpartum depressive symptoms. Our findings revealed that not only is it important to consider attachment in understanding peripartum depressive symptomatology, but also that coping plays an important role in these relationships. These findings would help a preventive coping-based intervention strategy to enhance the capacity of women with insecure attachment styles to use more adaptive coping during and after pregnancy.