Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of forward scattering from cylindrical objects using hard surfaces

We discuss how forward scattering can he characterized in terms of an equivalent blockage width, and a relation between this and the bistatic scattering width is derived. Then, we show how cylinders such as struts and masts can be constructed to reduce their blockage widths. Thereby, when the cylinders are mounted in front of an antenna, the sidelobes and losses caused by the blockage will be reduced. For thin metal cylinders the blockage width reduction is obtained by giving its cross section an oblong shape and, in addition (for the TM case), by coating the outer metal surface with dielectric material to obtain a hard boundary condition. For thick cylinders, the reduced scattering is obtained by designing them as dielectric-filled parallel plate waveguides with the outer surfaces of the plates coated in the same way as for the thin struts. Dual-polarized performance is obtained in both cases by strip loading the outer surfaces. The performance of both the thin and the thick struts have limited frequency bandwidth. Both computed and measured results are presented; the computations being done with the moment method. The designs are based on the concept of soft and hard surfaces in electromagnetics, and the results can be regarded as a proof of the existence of hard surfaces for electromagnetic waves. The study considers reduction of forward scattering which also will give a reduction of the total integrated power of the scattered field over all directions-even backward.
Sensitivity analysis of discontinuous parametric periodic systems

The paper concerns the complex eigensolutions sensitivity analysis of parametric periodic system. The derivatives of (so called) monodromy matrix (Floquet transient matrix) were the first calculated. Then the first derivatives of multiplicators, which are the complex eigenvalues of monodromy matrix, were obtained. The theory has been expanded to cover a class of discontinuous parametric periodic excitation. Furthermore, the method was generalized, so that the system parameters, on which the parametric excitation period depends, can now be a design parameter. In particular, it has become possible to use the parametric excitation period as a design parameter. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low-threshold, high-resolution, chronically stable intracortical microstimulation by ultraflexible electrodes

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) enables applications ranging from neuroprosthetics to causal circuit manipulations. However, the resolution, efficacy, and chronic stability of neuromodulation is often compromised by the adverse tissue responses to the indwelling electrodes. Here we engineer ultraflexible stim-Nanoelectronic Threads (StimNETs) and demonstrate low activation threshold, high resolution, and chronically stable ICMS in awake, behaving mouse models. In vivo two-photon imaging reveals that StimNETs remain seamlessly integrated with the nervous tissue throughout chronic stimulation periods and elicit stable, focal neuronal activation at low currents of 2 μA. Importantly, StimNETs evoke longitudinally stable behavioral responses for over eight months at markedly low charge injection of 0.25 nC/phase. Quantified histological analysis show that chronic ICMS by StimNETs induce no neuronal degeneration or glial scarring. These results suggest that tissue-integrated electrodes provide a path for robust, long-lasting, spatially-selective neuromodulation at low currents which lessen risks of tissue damage or exacerbation of off-target side-effects.
Cosmic microwave background and foregrounds in Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe first-year data

We perform a blind multicomponent analysis of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 1-yr foreground-cleaned maps using Spectral Matching Independent Component Analysis (smica). We provide a new estimate of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum as well as the amplitude of the CMB anisotropies across frequency channels. We show that the CMB anisotropies are compatible with temperature fluctuations as expected from the standard paradigm. The analysis also allows us to identify and separate a weak residual Galactic emission, present significantly in the Q band outside of the Kp21 mask limits, and mainly concentrated at low Galactic latitudes. We produce a map of this residual component by Wiener filtering using estimated parameters. The level of contamination of CMB data by this component is compatible with the WMAP-team estimation of foreground residual contamination. In addition, the multicomponent analysis allows us to estimate jointly the power spectrum of unresolved point-source emission.
Presupernova evolution of massive stars.

Population I stars of 15 M/sub sun/ and 25 M/sub sun/ have been evolved from the zero-age main sequence through iron core collapse utilizing a numerical model that incorporates both implicit hydro-dynamics and a detailed treatment of nuclear reactions. The stars end their presupernova evolution as red supergiants with photospheric radii of 3.9 x 10/sup 13/ cm and 6.7 x 10/sup 13/ cm, respectively, and density structures similar to those invoked to explain Type II supernova light curves on a strictly hydrodynamic basis. Both stars are found to form substantially neutronized ''iron'' cores of 1.56M/sub sun/ and 1.61 M/sub sun/, and central electron abundances of 0.427 and 0.439 moles g/sup -1/, respectively, during hydrostatic silicon burning. Just prior to collapse, the abundances of the elements in the 25 M/sub sun/ star (excluding the neutronized iron core) have ratios strikingly close to their solar system values over the mass range from oxygen to calcium, while the 15 M/sub sun/ star is characterized by large enhancements of Ne, Mg, and Si. It is pointed out on nucleo-synthetic grounds that the mass of the neutronized core must represent a lower limit to the mass of the neutron star or black hole remnant thatmore » stars in this mass range can normally produce. « less
A Framework for Modeling Bounded Rationality: Mis-Specified Bayesian-Markov Decision Processes

We provide a framework to study dynamic optimization problems where the agent is uncertain about her environment but has (possibly) an incorrectly specified model, in the sense that the support of her prior does not include the true model. The agent’s actions affect both her payoff and also what she observes about the environment; she then uses these observations to update her prior according to Bayes’ rule. We show that if optimal behavior stabilizes in this environment, then it is characterized by what we call an equilibrium. An equilibrium strategy is a mapping from payoff relevant states to actions such that: (i) given the strategy, the agent’s model that is closest (according to the Kullback-Leibler divergence) to the true model, and (ii) the strategy is a solution to the dynamic optimization problem where the agent is certain that the correct model is the one in (i). The framework is applicable to several aspects of bounded rationality, where the reason why a decision maker has incorrect beliefs can be traced to her use of an incorrectly-specified model.
Study of relations between position and momentum expectation values for molecules

Various established relations between position and momentum expectation values based on the maximum-entropy principle have been tested for molecular systems. The results show that most of these bounds tested here are not very good, and that more work is needed to obtain better ones. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate new derivations. Atomic units (e = m = = 1) are used throughout the paper.
Analytical layer‐element method for non‐axisymmetric consolidation of multilayered soils

A numerically efficient and stable method is developed to analyze Biot's consolidation of multilayered soils subjected to non‐axisymmetric loading in arbitrary depth. By the application of a Laplace–Hankel transform and a Fourier expansion, the governing equations are solved analytically. Then, the analytical layer‐element (i.e. a symmetric stiffness matrix) describing the relationship between generalized displacements and stresses of a layer is exactly derived in the transformed domain. Considering the continuity conditions between adjacent layers, the global stiffness matrix of multilayered soils is obtained by assembling the inter‐related layer‐elements. Once the solution in the Laplace–Hankel transformed domain that satisfies the boundary conditions has been obtained, the actual solution can be derived by the inversion of the Laplace–Hankel transform. Finally, numerical examples are presented to verify the theory and to study the influence of the layered soil properties and time history on the consolidation behavior. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bergman and Bloch spaces of vector‐valued functions

We investigate Bergman and Bloch spaces of analytic vector‐valued functions in the unit disc. We show how the Bergman projection from the Bochner‐Lebesgue space Lp(𝔻, X) onto the Bergman space Bp(X) extends boundedly to the space of vector‐valued measures of bounded p‐variation Vp(X), using this fact to prove that the dual of Bp(X) is Bp(X*) for any complex Banach space X and 1 < p < ∞. As for p = 1 the dual is the Bloch space ℬ︁(X*). Furthermore we relate these spaces (via the Bergman kernel) with the classes of p‐summing and positive p‐summing operators, and we show in the same framework that Bp(X) is always complemented in 𝓁p(X). (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MOLECULAR GASDYNAMICS OF THE YOUNG NUCLEAR STARBURST IN THE BARRED GALAXY NGC 3504

We present CO (J=1→0) interferometry at 2″. 5 resolution and Hα CCD observations of the circumnuclear starburst region of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3504. The CO emission is centrally peaked, extends over a region 16″ (1.6 kpc) in diameter, and is relatively azimuthally symmetric. The CO radial distribution is well fitted by an exponential with a scale length of 2″. 3 (220 pc). This simple distribution is surprisingly unusual for the center of a galaxy. The velocity field is consistent with purely circular motions. Gas comprises ∼40% of the dynamical mass within a radius of 100 pc (1″), if the standard CO-H 2 relationship is assumed
Role of the work function of transparent conductive oxide on the performance of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells studied by computer simulation

The role of the work function of transparent conductive oxide (WTCO) on the performance of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells was investigated in detail with other various parameters by utilizing AFORS‐HET software as a numerical computer simulation tool. The results for SHJ solar cells based on p‐type and n‐type substrates were demonstrated and analyzed comparatively with or without the insertion of the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer between the doped amorphous emitter and the crystalline base. It was indicated that there was an optimized threshold thickness of the emitter for the solar cells to obtain the best performance for any given WTCO and the doping concentration of the emitter. Thus, design criteria of TCO/emitter for the practical SHJ solar cells were provided. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asymptotic analysis of autoresonance models

In recent decades new problems have arisen in oscillation theory which are related to the investigation of a? physical phenomenon known as autoresonance. This paper presents a? survey of results on the asymptotic analysis of such problems. Systems of differential equations corresponding to non-linear non-autonomous oscillators with variable excitation frequency are considered. For their solution asymptotic formulae are constructed with respect to a? small parameter or with respect to an independent variable.
The optimized effective potential and the self-interaction correction in density functional theory: Application to molecules

The Krieger, Li, and Iafrate approximation to the optimized effective potential including the self-interaction correction for density functional theory has been implemented in a molecular code, NWChem, that uses Gaussian functions to represent the Kohn and Sham spin–orbitals. The differences between the implementation of the self-interaction correction in codes where planewaves are used with an optimized effective potential are discussed. The importance of the localization of the spin–orbitals to maximize the exchange-correlation of the self-interaction correction is discussed. We carried out exchange-only calculations to compare the results obtained with these approximations, and those obtained with the local spin density approximation, the generalized gradient approximation and Hartree–Fock theory. Interesting results for the energy difference (GAP) between the highest occupied molecular orbital, HOMO, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, LUMO, (spin–orbital energies of closed shell atoms and mo.
A class of multilinear uncertain polynomials to which the Edge theorem is applicable

This paper gives a class of multilinear uncertain polynomials to which the Edge theorem is applicable. In the paper, a notion of "symmetric uncertainty structure" is introduced. The main result is as follows: if a multilinear uncertain polynomial has a symmetric uncertainty structure and the uncertain parameters are non-negative and non-overlapping, then the corresponding value sets will be convex polygons. From this, it follows that a version of the Edge theorem can be used to test robust stability. <<ETX>>
On the validity of the JWKB approximation to radial integrals of electric multipole transitions between atomic Rydberg states

Semiclassical approximations to radial integrals for transitions between hydrogenic states are derived considering the conditions of their applicability as the quantum numbers vary. It is shown that the well known approximations derived using the correspondence principle fail in the case of low radial quantum numbers, even in the limit n to infinity . A modification of the eccentricity is then derived which corrects the approximation without changing the basic formulae. Results obtained with the improved expressions are also given.
Fabrication and ab initio study of downscaled graphene nanoelectronic devices

In this paper we first present a new fabrication process of downscaled graphene nanodevices based on direct milling of graphene using an atomic-size helium ion beam. We address the issue of contamination caused by the electron-beam lithography process to pattern the contact metals prior to the ultrafine milling process in the helium ion microscope (HIM). We then present our recent experimental study of the effects of the helium ion exposure on the carrier transport properties. By varying the time of helium ion bombardment onto a bilayer graphene nanoribbon transistor, the change in the transfer characteristics is investigated along with underlying carrier scattering mechanisms. Finally we study the effects of various single defects introduced into extremely-scaled armchair graphene nanoribbons on the carrier transport properties using ab initio simulation.
THE THEORY OF PARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION

This paper sets out a general criterion for the identifiability of a statistical system, based on Kullback's information integral. It is shown that the general identification problem is equivalent to a maximisation problem, or where parameter restrictions are present, a problem in nonlinear programming. The relationship of this criterion to that based on the information matrix of the underlying distribution is also exhibited. THE COLLECTION OF results on the identification problem in econometrics is by now assuming the proportions of an imposing edifice. It is, however, a little surprising to note that this structure has been growing upwards and, more recently, outwards, without a corresponding strengthening in the foundations. It is true that in the case of work on linear simultaneous equation systems (and this, with the work of Koopmans and Reiersol [3] and Chapters 1-4 of Fisher [1] in particular, has almost assumed the status of a "classical" line of development), these results are founded on a pretty secure rock; to wit, the identifiability of the reduced form in the absence of any singularities in the data matrices. Nevertheless, with the development of other wings on our edifice, it seems desirable to look to more basic things. The recent paper by Thomas Rothenberg [5] provided a welcome attack on this subject. The identifiability of a parametric system is approached via the nonsingularity of R. A. Fisher's "information matrix" evaluated at the true value of the parameter. The present note generalizes this approach by providing a simple criterion for identifiability, which not only affords an approach to global identification, but also makes no assumptions about the regularity of the underlying distribution. Rothenberg's basic theorem emerges as a simple corollary to this result. The approach has a natural relationship with estimation theory and also provides a straightforward method for delineating the subspace of observationally equivalent parameters in the case of underidentification.
THE FIRST-ORDER APPROACH TO PRINCIPAL-AGENT PROBLEMS

The first-order approach to principal-agent problems involves relaxing the constraint that the agent choose an action which is utility maximizing to require instead only that the agent choose an action at which his utility is at a stationary point. Although more mathematically tractable, this approach is generally invalid. This paper identifies sufficient conditions-the monotone likelihood ratio condition and convexity of the distribution function condition-for the first-order approach to be valid. The Pareto-optimal wage contract is shown to be nondecreasing in output under these same conditions. MIRRLEES [5] WAS THE FIRST to point out that the standard method for analyzing the principal-agent problem is not generally correct. This method, the so-called first-order approach, involves weakening the constraint that the agent choose a utility-maximizing action to require instead only that the agent choose an action at which his utility is at a stationary point. The resulting problem is more mathematically tractable. However, as Mirrlees [5] has shown, necessary conditions for a contract to solve the first-order program are not generally even necessary conditions for the valid program. Therefore qualitative propositions about the nature of the Pareto-optimal contract derived from the first-order approach are not in general valid. This has motivated researchers to try to identify classes of cases where the first-order approach is valid.
Lexical bias and prosodic cues: An eye-tracking study of compound/phrase disambiguation

Despite compounds and phrases exhibiting distinct prosodic cues (e.g., pitch and duration), adults fail to use these cues in certain contexts. In two eye-tracking experiments, I examined English speakers' attention to prosody in adjective-noun string disambiguation to explore a lexical bias previously reported (e.g., 'hot dog' is interpreted as the food, regardless of prosody.) In experiment 1, 24 participants were presented with pictures of the compound and phrasal representations for possible compounds (20 known, 10 novel) accompanied by an audio presentation of either a phrasal or compound production. Replicating previous findings, participants sometimes ignored prosody and exhibited biases towards compound pictures for common compounds and towards phrasal pictures for novel compounds. The fixation data reveals similar patterns in which participants appeared to not consider the alternative picture, even when it matched available prosodic cues. In experiment 2, the phrasal/compound pictures were decoupl.
Nonlinear Electrodynamics: Lagrangians and Equations of Motion

After a brief discussion of well‐known classical fields we formulate two principles: When the field equations are hyperbolic, particles move along rays like disturbances of the field; the waves associated with stable particles are exceptional. This means that these waves will not transform into shock waves. Both principles are applied to nonlinear electrodynamics. The starting point of the theory is a Lagrangian which is an arbitrary nonlinear function of the two electromagnetic invariants. We obtain the laws of propagation of photons and of charged particles, along with an anisotropic propagation of the wavefronts. The general ``exceptional'' Lagrangian is found. It reduces to the Lagrangian of Born and Infeld when some constant (probably simply connected with the Planck constant) vanishes. A nonsymmetric tensor is introduced in analogy to the Born‐Infeld theory, and finally, electromagnetic waves are compared with those of Einstein‐Schrodinger theory.
A review of Seasat scatterometer data

A microwave scatterometer operating at 14.6 GHz was one of several sensors on Seasat that provided data at the sea surface. The technique by which estimates of the near-surface wind velocity can be obtained is described and studies to assess the accuracy of such data are reviewed. With few exceptions wind speed can be retrieved to ± 1.6 m s-1 and direction to ± 17° for winds between 3 and 16 m s-1, and the technique is useful up to at least 25 m s-1. The ability to measure wind on a near-global basis with a spatial resolution of 50 km is of great importance for meteorology and oceanography. Some examples of applications of scatterometer data are given, including the horizontal variation of the wind stress curl, the interpretation of synthetic aperture radar imagery and the inference of surface pressure fields. Comments on future satellite scatterometer systems are also made.
C∞-vectors of irreducible representations of exponential solvable Lie groups

Let G be an exponential solvable Lie group, and π be an irreducible unitary representation of G. Then by induction from a unitary character of a connected subgroup, π is realized in an L2-space of functions on a homogeneous space. We are concerned with C∞vectors of π from a viewpoint of rapidly decreasing properties. We show that the subspace SE consisting of vectors with a certain property of rapidly decreasing at infinity can be embedded as the space of the C∞vectors in an extension of π to an exponential group including G. Using the space SE , we also give a description of the space ASE related to Fourier transforms of L1-functions on G. We next obtain an explicit description of C∞vectors for a special case. Furthermore, we consider a space of functions on G with a similar rapidly decreasing property and show that it is the space of the C∞vectors of an irreducible representation of a certain exponential solvable Lie group acting on L2(G).
Spatiotemporal model of femtosecond pulse generation in Kerr-lens mode-locked solid-state lasers

A spatiotemporal model for the evolution process of the pulse and beam shapes in femtosecond Kerr-lens mode-locked solid-state lasers is presented. For different cavity configurations we comprehensively studied the dependence of the pulse and beam parameters on laser-control parameters such as pump rate, linear phase dispersion up to fourth order, self-phase modulation, and self-amplitude modulation owing to nonlinear resonator transmission. We determine the conditions for the ultimate shortest pulse duration. The influence of third- and fourth-order dispersion results in spectral sidebands, which are phase matched with the peak of the principal spectrum. Excessive fourth-order dispersion yields a steady-state multipulse operating regime with constant peak separation.