Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to make auxetic fibre reinforced composites

Auxetic composite materials can be produced either from conventional components via specially designed configurations or from auxetic components. This paper reviews manufacturing methods for both these scenarios. It then looks at the possibility of property enhancements in both low velocity impact and fibre pull out due to the negative Poisson's ratio. Tests revealed that auxetic carbon fibre composites made from commercially available prepreg show evidence of increased resistance to low velocity impact and static indentation with a smaller area of damage. Also, using auxetic fibres in composite materials is shown to produce a higher resistance to fibre pullout. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of the trauma-specific frailty index in geriatric trauma patients according to the new World Health Organization age classification

OBJECTIVE We compared the 15-variable trauma-specific frailty index and traditional injury scoring systems to determine trauma severity and predict discharge disposition in geriatric trauma patients based on the old and new World Health Organization age classifications. METHODS This prospective, observational, single-center study included geriatric patients aged ≥65 years with blunt trauma. We categorized patients as elderly based on the old or new World Health Organization age classification into group I (aged 65–79 years) and group II (aged ≥a80 years), respectively. At admission, we used traditional injury scoring systems (e.g., the Glasgow coma scale, injury severity score, and revised trauma score) to determine trauma severity. We compared the Trauma-Specific Frailty Index and traditional injury scoring systems between the patient groups and evaluated them for correlations. RESULTS We included 169 geriatric patients (80 and 89 in groups I and II, respectively). The mean Trauma-Specific Frailty Index score was significantly higher among females than males (p=0.025) and group II than group I (p=0.021). No significant correlations were observed in terms of the Trauma-Specific Frailty Index and traditional injury scoring systems in both groups. The mean Trauma-Specific Frailty Index score was significantly different between the hospitalized and discharged patients in group I (p=0.005), but not in group II (p=0.526). CONCLUSION The 15-variable Trauma-Specific Frailty Index score is superior to traditional injury scoring systems for managing and predicting discharge disposition in geriatric trauma patients aged 65–79 years.
The singularities of a Fourier-type integral in a multicylindrical layer problem

The singularities of the integrand of a Fourier-type integral obtained in solving the multicylindrical layer boundary value problem are discussed. The integrand is a function of the radial wavenumber k_{ip} of all the cylindrical layers, and the radial wavenumber in the ith layer is related to the axial wavenumber by k_{ip} = \sqrt{k_{i}^{2} - k^{2}} where k_{i} is the wavenumber of the i th layer, and k_{z} is the axial wavenumber of all the layers which have to be the same by phase matching. On the complex k_{z} -plane, there seemingly are branch points of logarithmic type and algebraic type for k_{z} = k_{i} for all the layers. However, by invoking uniqueness principle in the solution of this boundary value problem, one can show that the only singularities on the complex k_{z} - plane are the branch-point singularity associated with the outermost medium which extends radially to infinity, and pole singularities which correspond to discrete guided modes in the multicylindrical medium.
The Association between Physical and Psychological Domestic Violence Experienced during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Symptoms

Research has shown that rates of domestic violence generally increased during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, likely related to mitigation efforts that promoted staying at home and lockdown protocols. However, the link between pandemic-related domestic violence victimization and mental health outcomes has been less explored. The present study examined the possible association between exposure to domestic physical and psychological violence during the COVID-19 pandemic and depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in an online sample of American adults recruited in December 2021. Data from 604 participants were analyzed. Forty-four percent of participants (n = 266) reported experiencing physical domestic violence, psychological domestic violence, or both during the pandemic, with psychological violence more commonly reported than physical violence. Exposure to both forms of violence was associated with higher rates of depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Given the high rates and negative associations between psychological domestic violence and mental health symptoms in this sample, healthcare providers should assess for domestic violence exposure even if no indications of physical abuse are present or if there were not concerns about domestic violence exposure prior to the pandemic. Potential psychological sequalae should also be assessed if a patient has a positive history of domestic violence victimization.
Quantum vacuum energy in two dimensional space-times

The paper presents in detail the renormalization theory of the energymomentum tensor of a two dimensional massless scalar field which has been used elsewhere to study the local physics in a model of black hole evaporation. The treatment is generalized to include the Casimir effect occurring in spatially finite models. The essence of the method is evaluation of the field products in the tensor as functions of two points, followed by covariant subtraction of the discontinuous terms arising as the points coalesce. In two dimensional massless theories, conformal transformations permit exact calculations to be performed.
On the design and performance study of 2-to-1 switching node for all-optical packet switching

This paper investigates the implementing techniques concerning 2-to-1 node receiver for all-optical packet switching. We point out that the state-of-the-art technologies introduced in the literatures are all associated with one main limitation, i.e., even if two incoming packets are directed to the different ports and thus no contention will occur, they can not be directed to the output ports simultaneously. To overcome this problem, a novel node receiver model is proposed in this paper. This work presents a solution that makes use of fiber delay-lines (FDLs) which allow multiple packets to be concurrently stored or transmitted. With a novel switch control, it is shown that this solution is very efficient to resolve contention, and overcomes the limitation existing in the current models (e.g., Quadro, M-Quadro and COD architectures). We describe and analyze the concrete scheduling of the switches. Simulation results based on bursty and non-bursty traffic scenarios demonstrate that the proposed node architecture (1) performs well in terms of performance metrics such as packet loss probability; (2) has a simple control requirement. In addition, we find that the required number of the recirculating time of the packets is minimal.
Jahn-Teller effect in two-dimensional photonic crystals

Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA~Received 28 October 2002; revised manuscript received 7 April 2003; published 1 July 2003! We study double degenerate defect states in the band gap of the two-dimensional photonic crystal which canbe split by the Jahn-Teller distortion of the lattice. We present a group theoretical analysis of the splittingeffect. The effect is supported by supercell plane wave model and by the ﬁnite difference time domaintechnique. We suggest ways for using the effect in photonic switching devices and in waveguides.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.68. 045105 PACS number~s! : 42.70. Qs, 71.15. Dx, 71.70. Ej
Modelling of near-wall turbulence with large-eddy velocity modes

In the paper, low-order modelling of the turbulent velocity field in the near-wall region is performed using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) approach. First, an empirical eigenfunction basis is computed, basing on two-point velocity correlations. Next, the Galerkin projection of the Navier-Stokes equations on the truncated basis is performed. This results in a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) for time-dependent coefficients. Evolution of the largest vortical structures in the near-wall zone is then obtained from the time dependent coefficients and eigenfunctions. The system applied in the present work consists of 20 ODEs, the reconstructed velocity field is two-dimensional in the plane perpendicular to the main flow direction. Moreover, the filtering procedure associated with the POD method is discussed, the POD filter is derived and compared with LES filters.
Metabolic Pathway of Monounsaturated Lipids Revealed by In-Depth Structural Lipidomics by Mass Spectrometry

The study of lipid metabolism relies on the characterization of the lipidome, which is quite complex due to the structure variations of the lipid species. New analytical tools have been developed recently for characterizing fine structures of lipids, with C=C location identification as one of the major improvements. In this study, we studied the lipid metabolism reprograming by analyzing glycerol phospholipid compositions in breast cancer cell lines with structural specification extended to the C=C location level. Inhibition of the lipid desaturase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, increased the proportion of n-10 isomers that are produced via an alternative fatty acid desaturase 2 pathway. However, there were different variations of the ratio of n-9/n-7 isomers in C18:1-containing glycerol phospholipids after stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 inhibition, showing increased tendency in MCF-7 cells, MDA-MB-468 cells, and BT-474 cells, but decreased tendency in MDA-MB-231 cells. No consistent change of the ratio of n-9/n-7 isomers was observed in SK-BR-3 cells. This type of heterogeneity in reprogrammed lipid metabolism can be rationalized by considering both lipid desaturation and fatty acid oxidation, highlighting the critical roles of comprehensive lipid analysis in both fundamental and biomedical applications.
The Cross Equatorial Transport of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption Plume

On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HT) eruption injected SO2 and water into the middle stratosphere. Shortly after the eruption, the water vapor anomaly moved northward toward and across the equator. This northward movement appears to be due to equatorial Rossby waves forced by the excessive infrared water vapor cooling. Following the early eruption stage, persistent mid‐stratospheric water vapor and aerosol layers were mostly confined to Southern Hemisphere tropics (Eq. to 30°S). However, during the spring of 2022, the westerly phase of the tropical quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) descended through the tropics. The HT water vapor and aerosol anomalies were observed to again move across the equator coincident with the shift in the Brewer‐Dobson circulation and the descent of the QBO shear zone.
Early flora colonization affects intestinal immunoglobulin G uptake in piglets, which may be mediated by NF-κB-FcRn pathway

Introduction The passive immunity of newborn piglets is mainly derived from immunoglobulin G (IgG) in breast milk, and the incomplete transfer of passive immune is considered to be an important cause of piglet death. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of early intestinal flora colonization on IgG uptake and its possible mechanism. Methods The newborn piglets and IPEC-J2 cells were used to investigate the possible factors and regulatory mechanisms affecting intestinal IgG uptake. In vivo, all 40 piglets were euthanized on postnatal d 0, 1, 3, and 7, with 10 piglets per time. The blood sample, gastric contents, jejunal contents and mucosa were collected for analysis. In vitro, IPEC-J2 cells transwell culture system was used to establish the IgG transporter model to explore the specific regulatory mechanism of IgG transport. Results Our results demonstrated that the intestinal IgG uptake was positively correlated with the expression of Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). With the increase of age, the intestinal flora of newborn piglets was gradually enriched. The function of intestinal genes also changes with the colonization of intestinal flora. We found that the expression trend of TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB (P65) in intestine was consistent with that of FcRn. Furthermore, the in vitro results demonstrate that the NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in regulating FcRn-mediated IgG transmembrane transport. Discussion Early flora colonization affects intestinal IgG uptake in piglets, which may be mediated by NF-κB-FcRn pathway.
On exponential sums over primes and application in Waring-Goldbach problem

In this paper, we prove the following estimate on exponential sums over primes: Let k ⩾ 1, β k = 1/2 + log k/log 2, x ⩾ 2 and α = a/q + λ subject to (a,q) = 1, 1 ⩽ a ⩽ q, and λ ∈ ℝ. Then $$\sum\limits_{x < m \leqslant 2x} {\Lambda (m)e(\alpha m^k ) \ll (d(q))^{\beta _k } (\log x)} ^c \left( {x^{1/2} \sqrt {q(1 + \left| \lambda \right|x^k )} + x^{4/5} + \frac{x}{{\sqrt {q(1 + \left| \lambda \right|x^k )} }}} \right). $$ As an application, we prove that with at most O(N 7/8+e) exceptions, all positive integers up to N satisfying some necessary congruence conditions are the sum of three squares of primes. This result is as strong as what has previously been established under the generalized Riemann hypothesis.
The Extragalactic Background and its Contributing Galaxies

This paper reviews what we know on the Extragalactic Background (EB) and on the nature of its contributing galaxies in the infrared (IR) and sub-millimeter (sub-mm). I first present the EB observationnal constraints, their main cosmological implications, and results from deep IR and sub-mm surveys. Then, using a phenomelogical model of IR galaxy evolution, I show how these data constrain the evolution of IR galaxies, in particular the luminosity density and the luminosity function. And finally, I briefly review the detection of the IR EB fluctuations and their potential implications.
Solution of Earth orientation parameters in 20th century based on optical astrometry and new catalog EOC-3

Abstract A new star catalog has been derived recently, which is based on combination of Hipparcos/Tycho Catalogues with long lasting ground-based astrometric observations. In addition to ‘classical’ mean positions and proper motions of the stars, it contains also information on periodic motions of many stars that are due to double or multiple stellar systems. The catalog, called EOC-3, contains 4418 different objects, out of which 585 have significant periodic motions. This improved catalog is used as a reference frame in optical wavelength to derive a new series of Earth Orientation Parameters. To this end, almost five million observations of latitude/universal time variations made at 33 observatories are used. The new EOP series covers almost the entire 20th century (namely the interval 1899.7-1992.0).
ATP and NAD+ Deficiency in Parkinson’s Disease

The goal of this study is to identify a signature of bioenergetic and functional markers in the muscles of individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Quantitative physiological properties of in vivo hand muscle (FDI, first dorsal interosseus) and leg muscle (TA, Tibialis Anterior) of older individuals with PD were compared to historical age/gender-matched controls (N = 30). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging (MRS) were used to assess in vivo mitochondrial and cell energetic dysfunction, including maximum mitochondrial ATP production (ATPmax), NAD concentrations linked to energy/stress pathways, and muscle size. Muscle function was measured via a single muscle fatigue test. TA ATPmax and NAD levels were significantly lower in the PD cohort compared to controls (ATPmax: 0.66 mM/s ± 0.03 vs. 0.76 ± 0.02; NAD: 0.75 mM ± 0.05 vs. 0.91 ± 0.04). Muscle endurance and specific force were also lower in both hand and leg muscles in the PD subjects. Exploratory analyses of mitochondrial markers and individual symptoms suggested that higher ATPmax was associated with a greater sense of motivation and engagement and less REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). ATPmax was not associated with clinical severity or individual symptom(s), years since diagnosis, or quality of life. Results from this pilot study contribute to a growing body of evidence that PD is not a brain disease, but a systemic metabolic syndrome with disrupted cellular energetics and function in peripheral tissues. The significant impairment of both mitochondrial ATP production and resting metabolite levels in the TA muscles of the PD patients suggests that skeletal muscle mitochondrial function may be an important tool for mechanistic understanding and clinical application in PD patients. This study looked at individuals with mid-stage PD; future research should evaluate whether the observed metabolic perturbations in muscle dysfunction occur in the early stages of the disease and whether they have value as theragnostic biomarkers.
Neoadjuvant Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) and chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial

Background According to preclinical experiments, Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) exerts antiproliferative effects against breast cancer cells. It has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration in China for complementary cancer treatment, and its safety has been confirmed in previous clinical trials. The present randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant PA-MSHA and placebo with chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. Methods Eligible patients aged 18 years or older with previously untreated HER2-negative stage II–III breast cancer were enrolled and randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PA-MSHA or a placebo. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) was used to assess clinical response every 2 cycles. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) based on the clinical response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results A total of 75 patients were randomly assigned to either the PA-MSHA group (37 patients) or the control group (38 patients). The ORR was found to be significantly higher in the PA-MSHA group compared with the control group [86.5% versus 60.5%; rate difference 26.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.9–43.5%; P=0.011]. The pathological complete response (pCR) and survival outcomes did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Patients with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) appeared to benefit from the PA-MSHA treatment, with greater disease-free, relapse-free, and overall survival. The application of PA-MSHA to neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not increase the incidence of severe adverse events. Moreover, the addition of PA-MSHA increased serum interferon-γ levels and the percentage of peripheral blood T cells, CD8+/CD4+ T cells, CD8+CD28+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, and decreased serum interleukin 4 levels. Conclusions The addition of PA-MSHA to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an effective alternative regimen for HER2-negative breast cancer. Patients with irAEs caused by PA-MSHA may obtain more benefits from this treatment. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-10000794.
Sequence as a Whole: A Unified Framework for Video Action Localization With Long-Range Text Query

Comprehensive understanding of video content requires both spatial and temporal localization. However, there lacks a unified video action localization framework, which hinders the coordinated development of this field. Existing 3D CNN methods take fixed and limited input length at the cost of ignoring temporally long-range cross-modal interaction. On the other hand, despite having large temporal context, existing sequential methods often avoid dense cross-modal interactions for complexity reasons. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a unified framework which handles the whole video in sequential manner with long-range and dense visual-linguistic interaction in an end-to-end manner. Specifically, a lightweight relevance filtering based transformer (Ref-Transformer) is designed, which is composed of relevance filtering based attention and temporally expanded MLP. The text-relevant spatial regions and temporal clips in video can be efficiently highlighted through the relevance filtering and then propagated among the whole video sequence with the temporally expanded MLP. Extensive experiments on three sub-tasks of referring video action localization, i.e., referring video segmentation, temporal sentence grounding, and spatiotemporal video grounding, show that the proposed framework achieves the state-of-the-art performance in all referring video action localization tasks. The code has been available at https://github.com/TJUMMG/SAW.
Chemometric and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Fruit and Olive Oils from Autochthonous Cultivars Grown in Aragon (Spain)

Olive tree crops and the olive oil market are becoming less and less diverse due to the rise of intensive growth varieties, with the consequent loss of varietal richness provided by oils from minority and autochthonous cultivars. “Royal de Calatayud” and “Negral de Sabiñán” are two local minority cultivars in Aragon (Spain). Fruit parameters such as ripening, fresh weight, and oil yield were evaluated, as well as physico-chemical and chemical composition parameters in olive oil in comparison with “Arbequina”, a cultivar widespread in Spain and other countries. Fruits were harvested from October to December in 2017 and 2019. Chemometric analysis revealed significant varietal differences among the three cultivars. In comparison with “Arbequina”, higher oil yields were obtained in the two local cultivars. “Royal de Calatayud” has a higher oleic acid content and a greater quantity of phenolic compounds. It thus displays a better nutritional profile than “Arbequina”. This preliminary study shows that “Royal de Calatayud” could be regarded as an excellent alternative to the “Arbequina” cultivar in the parameters analyzed.
On the analytic capacity and curvature of some Cantor sets with non-$\sigma$-finite length

We show that if a Cantor set $E$ as considered by Garnett in \cite{G2} has positive Hausdorff $h$-measure for a non-decreasing function $h$ satisfying $\int^1_0r^{-3}\,h(r)^2\,dr<\infty$, then the analytic capacity of $E$ is positive. Our tool will be the Menger three-point curvature and Melnikov's identity relating it to the Cauchy kernel. We shall also prove some related more general results.