Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Effect of Lysine Acetylation on the Misfolding and Aggregation of Human Tau Fragment 171IPAKTPPAPK180 Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation and the Markov State Model

The formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) with β-sheet-rich structure caused by abnormal aggregation of misfolded microtubule-associated protein Tau is a hallmark of tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s Disease. It has been reported that acetylation, especially K174 located in the proline-rich region, can largely promote Tau aggregation. So far, the mechanism of the abnormal acetylation of Tau that affects its misfolding and aggregation is still unclear. Therefore, revealing the effect of acetylation on Tau aggregation could help elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of tauopathies. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation combined with multiple computational analytical methods were performed to reveal the effect of K174 acetylation on the spontaneous aggregation of Tau peptide 171IPAKTPPAPK180, and the dimerization mechanism as an early stage of the spontaneous aggregation was further specifically analyzed by Markov state model (MSM) analysis. The results showed that both the actual acetylation and the mutation mimicking the acetylated state at K174 induced the aggregation of the studied Tau fragment; however, the effect of actual acetylation on the aggregation was more pronounced. In addition, acetylated K174 plays a major contributing role in forming and stabilizing the antiparallel β-sheet dimer by forming several hydrogen bonds and side chain van der Waals interactions with residues I171, P172, A173 and T175 of the corresponding chain. In brief, this study uncovered the underlying mechanism of Tau peptide aggregation in response to the lysine K174 acetylation, which can deepen our understanding on the pathogenesis of tauopathies.
On the Spin‐Up Strategy for Spatial Modeling of Permafrost Dynamics: A Case Study on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

Spin‐up is essential to provide initial conditions for land surface models (LSM) when they cannot be given reliably as in the application to regional permafrost change studies. In this study, the impacts of spin‐up strategy including total spin‐up length and cycling scheme on modeling of permafrost dynamics on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) were evaluated through two groups of experiments using a modified Noah LSM. The first group aims to test different total spin‐up lengths and the second group for different cycling schemes. The results show that the presence of permafrost prolongs the convergence of the model. Vertically, the slowest convergence is observed at the permafrost table. The insufficiency of total spin‐up length is prone to underestimate permafrost area and overestimate the degradation rate. Different cycling schemes considerably affect the resulting initial thermal fields and result in degradation rates with a difference of 3.37 × 103 km2/a on the QTP, which exceeds the difference (2.92 × 103 km2/a) in the degradation rates reported in existing studies. The multi‐year cycling scheme is generally preferred, but overlong cycle length should be avoided to prevent the introduction of climate change trends in the spin‐up period. We recommend a spin‐up strategy of a 500‐year cycling with the first 5‐ to 10‐year of forcing for modeling permafrost on the QTP with the Noah LSM. Our findings highlight the importance of the spin‐up strategy, which is usually neglected in present LSM‐based permafrost modeling studies.
Earthkeepers: The Relationship between Instructional Strategies on the Program Outcomes

The study focuses on the relationship between selected characteristics of the outdoor environmental (earth) education program Earthkeepers and its impacts on students' environmental values and knowledge. It is rooted in the authors' previous research that is being both applied and reflected here. For providing empirical evidence, it uses data collected by the environmental center Lipka that implemented the program in the Czech Republic in 2020-2021 (N=80). The program successfully influenced students' environmental values and understanding based on the analyses. Students described the programs' instructional strategies as highly encouraging, experiential, empowering, and straightforward. At the same time, student descriptions of the program correlated with the environmental values they held before the program; students who viewed the program more positively also tended to be more positively influenced by the program. Implications for the practice of outdoor environmental education are also discussed.
Parameters Controlling the Eruption Frequency of Long‐Lived Felsic Magmatic Systems: An Example From the Milos Volcanic Field (Greece)

The mechanism controlling the volcanic eruption frequency is yet poorly understood. The key to a better understanding this mechanism comes from integrating accurate geochronology with numerical models. In many silicic volcanic systems, the eruption frequency is studied for short timescales of <500 kyr. Here, we combine two published numerical models (Caricchi et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2041; Degruyter & Huber, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.047) to improve our understanding of the eruption frequency in a long‐lived (>3 Ma) felsic magmatic system, the Milos volcanic field. We use the published Milos geochronological data as input into the Caricchi et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2041) model to derive average magma supply rates (Qav) and eruptible volumes. These two parameters are then used in the Degruyter and Huber (2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.047) model to compute the chamber growth rate (Gmc) for the Milos magmatic system. The results of the Caricchi et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2041) model indicate that the time intervals between magma pulses into the subvolcanic reservoir (ti) and Qav are the key parameters controlling the eruption frequency. During the time intervals of 1.48–1.04 and 0.97–0.63 Ma the ti is longer than 1000 years and the volcanic quiescence periods are longer than 350 kyr. Furthermore, these periods are characterized by low values for Qav (≤0.001 km3 · yr−1) and Gmc (<0.0001 km3 · yr−1). In contrast, during the time intervals of 2.0–1.5 and 0.60–0.06 Ma, the ti is shorter (<0.5 kyr) and the values for Qav (>0.001 km3 · yr−1) are higher corresponding to frequent eruptions.
Chronic Monocular Deprivation Reveals MMP9-Dependent and -Independent Aspects of Murine Visual System Plasticity

The deletion of matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 is combined here with chronic monocular deprivation (cMD) to identify the contributions of this proteinase to plasticity in the visual system. Calcium imaging of supragranular neurons of the binocular region of primary visual cortex (V1b) of wild-type mice revealed that cMD initiated at eye opening significantly decreased the strength of deprived-eye visual responses to all stimulus contrasts and spatial frequencies. cMD did not change the selectivity of V1b neurons for the spatial frequency, but orientation selectivity was higher in low spatial frequency-tuned neurons, and orientation and direction selectivity were lower in high spatial frequency-tuned neurons. Constitutive deletion of MMP9 did not impact the stimulus selectivity of V1b neurons, including ocular preference and tuning for spatial frequency, orientation, and direction. However, MMP9−/− mice were completely insensitive to plasticity engaged by cMD, such that the strength of the visual responses evoked by deprived-eye stimulation was maintained across all stimulus contrasts, orientations, directions, and spatial frequencies. Other forms of experience-dependent plasticity, including stimulus selective response potentiation, were normal in MMP9−/− mice. Thus, MMP9 activity is dispensable for many forms of activity-dependent plasticity in the mouse visual system, but is obligatory for the plasticity engaged by cMD.
Chronic Intermittent Sucrose Consumption Facilitates the Ability to Discriminate Opioid Receptor Blockade with Naltrexone in Rats

The opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) decreases intake of preferred diets in rats at very low doses relative to doses needed to decrease intake of “bland” laboratory chow. In the absence of an opioid agonist, NTX is not discriminable using operant techniques. In the current study, we found that rats given intermittent access to a 25% sucrose solution learned to discriminate between various naltrexone doses and saline. None of the rats given only water learned to discriminate between naltrexone and saline. When access to the sucrose solution was discontinued for 14 days, the rats lost the ability to discriminate between NTX and saline. We also studied the changes of c-Fos IR in selected brain regions in rats treated with saline versus NTX that were drinking water or 25% sucrose. An injection of NTX or saline resulted in a significant drug, diet, and interaction effect in various brain regions associated with feeding behavior, particularly the amygdala, accumbens, and hypothalamic sites. Thus, we found that ingestion of a sucrose solution results in the ability of rats to reliably discriminate naltrexone administration. In addition, sucrose and naltrexone altered c-Fos IR in an interactive fashion in brain regions known to be involved in ingestion behavior.
Advanced experimental-based data-driven model for the electromechanical behavior of twisted YBCO tapes considering thermomagnetic constraints

Data-driven models can predict, estimate, and monitor any highly nonlinear and multi-variable behaviour of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials, and superconducting devices to analyse their characteristics with a very high accuracy in an almost real-time procedure, which is a significant figure of merit as compared with traditional numerical approaches. The electromechanical behaviour of twisted HTS tapes under different strains, magnetic fields, and temperatures is a complicated problem to be solved using conventional approaches, including finite element-based methods, otherwise, experimental testing is needed to characterise it. This paper aims to offer a data-driven model based on artificial intelligence techniques to predict the electromechanical behaviour of HTS tapes operating under various thermomagnetic conditions. By using the proposed model, normalised critical current value and stress of twisted tapes can be predicted under different temperatures and magnetic flux densities. For this purpose, experimental data were used as inputs to design an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). To achieve the best performance of the prediction system, multiple clustering methods were used, such as the grid partitioning method, fuzzy c-means clustering method, and sub-clustering method. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to find the best architecture of ANFIS to predict and model electromechanical behaviour of twisted tapes with high accuracy.
The Influences of the Usage of Marketing Communication Tools on Innovations of the Functional Areas of Businesses: Perspectives for the Mining Industry

The usage of marketing communication tools has always been a potent strategy for businesses to increase their performances and profitability in all sectors, including the mining industry. However, there is a lack of studies concerning the usage of those channels and their impacts on the innovativeness of functional areas of businesses. Since innovativeness is a crucial ability for enterprises to survive, focusing on this competency in functional areas businesses might fulfill this research gap. In this regard, this paper purposes of examining the influences of the usage of marketing communication tools on innovations of those areas of businesses. In line with this purpose, the researchers have created an online interned mediated questionnaire and directed it to the randomly selected 812 SMEs from Slovakia. To explore the effects of those tools on functional areas of businesses, the researchers employ the Ordinal Logistic Regression Test. The results from the analyses vindicate the fact that when SMEs apply traditional and technology-enabled marketing communication tools, they become more innovative in some activities, namely, marketing, logistics, finance, human resources, processes, and management, except supplier-customer relationships. While traditional marketing communication tools positively impact businesses' innovations regarding a supplier-customer relationship, the usage of technology-enabled marketing communication tools does not create significant effects on innovations in this relationship. The reason for that might be related to the location of SMEs, the regional income gap in countries, workload and competencies of workers and the Covid-19 pandemic. The research also presents some policy implications to cope with the negative outcomes of the above-mentioned reasons. This issue is of great importance also for companies operating in the mining industry. Thus, the findings represent a valuable platform of knowledge for various business areas, such as mining. © 2021 by the authors.
Psychological Barriers of Vietnam High School Students in Online Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Quantitative Study

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has strongly influenced on education system in Vietnam. Schools' closure was one solution to prevent the spread of the virus that has forced these institutions to transition from traditional learning methods to online learning methods. This circumstance has brought many difficulties for high school students who have not been familiar with online learning methods before. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify some psychological barriers in online learning of Vietnam high school students. On the other hand, the study also found the relationship between these barriers. The differences in gender, areas, feelings and learning outcomes were determined in all three psychological barriers. Data were collected online from high school students. The intent was to get about 310 responses, and 309 returned usable responses. Several analytical methods used to analyze the data include the descriptive statistical analysis method, the Spearman correlation analysis, and the one-way ANOVA. The results provided information on some psychological barriers with their correlation. The significant relationship among three psychological barriers: social interaction, technical skills, and learner motivation attributed the difficulties to Vietnam high school students in online learning, especially in the Covid-19 pandemic context. The differences in gender, areas, feelings and learning outcomes were considered the related factors in the online learning environment. These findings could support further studies for researchers, education administrators, teachers, and related stakeholders such as parents, enterprises, and the community to propose solutions to issues affecting the high school students' learning effectiveness and outcomes.
Manure Maturation with Biochar: Effects on Plant Biomass, Manure Quality and Soil Microbiological Characteristics

Application of biochar and composts prepared from organic wastes as soil amendments has been recognized as a beneficial strategy to enhance soil fertility and crop production. However, the modification of manures with applied organic amendments such as biochar has not been well explained. Therefore, the preliminary study was designed to evaluate the impact of two doses of biochar (low 0.4 kg + 10 kg of manure and high 4 kg + 10 kg of manure) on the modification of resulting co-composted manure properties, and subsequently to evaluate the effect of matured manure amendment on the soil chemical and biological properties and plant yield in the pot experiment with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The following variants were tested: control, manure (M), manure + low biochar dose (M + LB), manure + high biochar dose (M + HB). Results revealed that, the M + HB significantly improved the co-composted manure properties as compared to control and M + LB, respectively. The most pronounced effects of M + HB treatment were observed on pH, NH4-N and humic acid to fulvic acid ratio (used as an index for manure maturity) relative to other treatments. Similarly, significant variations were observed between AOB (ammonium oxidizing bacteria) and nirs genes under M + HB which lowered the AOB and increased the nirs abundance as compared to other treatments. Moreover, when applied to soil, M + HB increased the observed soil chemical parameters with the exception of TN contents as compared to M and M + LB treatments. Similarly, plant biomass was significantly enhanced under the applied M + HB treatment. However, statistically insignificant differences were observed regarding soil enzyme activities and soil respiration values under the applied amendments. Thus, it was concluded that the co-composted manure with high biochar dose can have the potential to enhance the manure properties, soil fertilization value and plant biomass. However, its effects on soil microbiological and enzyme activities were intended be explored under long-term field experiments.
Giant tunneling magnetoresistance and electroresistance in 
α−In2Se3
-based van der Waals multiferroic tunnel junctions

In the multiferroic tunnel junction (MFTJ) composed of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials, the tunneling electroresistance (TER) coexists with the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), making it an ideal platform for designing multifunctional electronic devices. Recently, the rapid development of van der Waals (vdW) materials opened up a new avenue of MFTJ due to their atomic thickness and signiﬁcance in miniaturizing device sizes. Here by employing the nonequilibrium Green’s function combined with density-functional theory, we systemically study the spin-dependent electronic transport properties of Fe 3 GeTe 2 (FGT)/bilayer α -In 2 Se 3 (BIS)/FGT vdW MFTJs. We ﬁnd that the MFTJ can form multiple nonvolatile resistance states by altering the polarization orientation of the ferroelectric barrier BIS and the magnetization alignment of the two ferromagnetic FGT electrodes, with a maximum TMR (TER) ratio up to 1 . 1 × 10 7 % (744%). The TER ratio can be further increased to 1868% by using left and right symmetrical copper electrodes. More interestingly, the perfect spin ﬁltering effect can be realized in our MFTJs and the spin current can be controlled by the sign of bias voltages, suggesting a promising route for spin valves that can ﬂexibly manipulate spin currents. Our results demonstrate that giant TMR, large TER, as well as a tunable spin ﬁlter can coexist in one system, and that the feasible tunability of such kind of vdW MFTJs is beneﬁcial in designing next-generation logic and memory devices.
The 2020 Cannabis Referendum: Māori Voter Support, Racialized Policing, and the Criminal Justice System

In the New Zealand 2020 cannabis referendum, 50.7% of all voters rejected the creation of a legally-regulated cannabis market and instead supported retaining the current prohibitionist policy. Although the referendum failed to pass, a majority of Māori voted in favor of cannabis law reform. This paper suggests that within the Māori community there is a more nuanced appreciation of the impact of policing cannabis. Māori perceive that greater harm is caused by the racialized policing of cannabis than by the usage of it. Following McCreanor, et al. (2014), this paper employs a thematic, content analysis of the New Zealand Herald’s coverage of the 2020 cannabis referendum to investigate the presence of race-based targeting/policing in discussions of the legislation. The results reveal that racial disparities emerged as secondary to framing both the impact of cannabis and the referendum as race-neutral and affecting everyone in society equally. This paper argues that the impact of the policing of this particular drug impacts Māori differently, wherein they bear the brunt of racialized policing. Thus, Māori possess a more sophisticated understanding that warrants consideration because it is inextricably linked to lived experiences of policing that differ from wider social narratives of policing and drug policy in New Zealand.
How Does Ethical Leadership Relate to Team Creativity? The Role of Collective Team Identification and Need for Cognitive Closure

We investigate how and when ethical leadership predicts team creativity. With its strong compliance with organizational norms and procedures, ethical leadership can be seen as antithetical to creativity. Similarly, collective need for cognitive closure can negatively impact creativity as this is a motivational tendency toward making quick decisions and avoiding open-ended processes. However, we argue that they both can have a positive effect on team creativity when collective team identification is considered as an underlying mechanism. Accordingly, we hypothesize that ethical leadership fosters team creativity via strengthening collective team identification, and collective need for cognitive closure positively moderates the indirect relationship between ethical leadership and team creativity via collective team identification. We studied 55 teams in a food-services organization in South Korea in a multi-wave and multi-source design and found support for our hypotheses.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Cost: Associations among Job Satisfaction, Attrition Intentions, and Challenges

Abstract Research examining students’ perceptions of cost (i.e., what one must give up in order to complete a particular task), has been growing over the past decade; however, almost no research has examined teachers’ perceptions of cost. Given the importance of cost beliefs as predictors of students’ academic behavior and choices, an examination of teachers’ cost beliefs may provide new insights regarding the factors that motivate teachers. Using a multimethod approach, we found that four dimensions of teachers’ perceptions of cost (i.e., task effort, outside effort, loss of valued alternatives, emotional) were related to their self-reported job satisfaction and attrition intentions, controlling for competence-related beliefs and task values. We also examined how these perceptions of cost were associated with the challenges teachers reported experiencing in the classroom. Results indicated that in open-ended responses, teachers most frequently cited issues with students, teaching, and policy/administrators as challenges inherent to teaching; using the constant comparison method, analyses revealed that these distinct types of challenges were differentially associated with distinct dimensions of cost. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The ‘incomplete’ failure of political Islam: The Justice and Development Party and the Freedom and Justice Party as case studies

How would Islamists succeed to sustain their rule in spite of their lack of an Islamic blueprint for governance? I draw on an original fieldwork study conducted in Turkey and Egypt from 2010 to 2013 to advance a theory linking Islamists’ rule sustainability and political leverage vis-à-vis the state establishment. In contrast with post-Islamism, the results contended that Islamists sustain their rule if they have a high political leverage based on the adoption of a three-fold strategy comprising identification, differentiation, and alliance mobilisation. Based on 45 open-ended and semi-structured interviews conducted with members of Turkey’s Justice and Development Party and Egypt’s Freedom and Justice Party, findings significantly hold in authoritarian and hybrid regimes in the Middle East.