Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anharmonic effects in the thermodynamic properties of solids VI. Germanium: heat capacity between 30 and 500 °C and analysis of data

The heat capacity of germanium has been measured between 30 and 500 °C with an accuracy of ± 03% for T less, similar 400 °C and ± 05% at the highest temperatures. The average deviation of the experimental points from a smoothed curve is less than 01%. The entropy, the constant volume heat capacity and the Gruneisen function have been analysed to yield quasi-harmonic and explicit anharmonic contributions. The explicit anharmonic contributions to the entropy and heat capacity are consistent with the predictions of anharmonic perturbation theory, and give A(V0) = 31 ± 10 × 10-5 degk-1 and B(V0) = 14 ± 1 × 10-8 degk-2 for the first- and second-order anharmonic coefficients respectively. The analysis of γ(T, V) gives γinfinityqh(V0) = 070 ± 004 and γanh = 45 ± 15. The explicit anharmonic contributions are much larger than those arising through thermal expansion of the crystal, in contrast to the crystals previously studied. The temperature dependence of the geometric mean frequency calculated from the results of the anharmonic analysis is somewhat lower than that derived from measurements on nine normal modes by inelastic neutron scattering. The value of the first-order anharmonic coefficient calculated using a phenomenological elastic continuum model is in good agreement with experiment.
Determinants of economic attitudes in a post-communist society: the case of Ukraine

Abstract This article investigates the sources of economic attitudes of Ukraine’s population based on the 7th wave of the WVS. It examines the utilitarian and sociocultural explanations of variations in the five dichotomies, which reflect pro-capitalist and pro-socialist views on various aspects of economic life. The utilitarian explanation suggests that economic attitudes associated with institutional change are determined primarily by socioeconomic status as a result of adaptation to market transformations. The culturalist explanation suggests that economic attitudes that reflect ethical aspects of economic life depend largely on regional and ethnolinguistic distinctions that were historically inherent in Ukrainian society. The empirical results provide robust support for the utilitarian explanation only in the case of supporting the government/individual responsibility for the provision of citizens. Instead, the socio-cultural explanation is reliable concerning the ethical aspects of economic life (income differentiation, competition assessment, source of success) and manifested itself in the case of attitudes toward private/state property in business and industry.
Archaeological and stable isotope data reveal patterns of fishing across the food web on California’s Channel Islands

How do human communities integrate within food webs? Studies characterizing the historical flow of energy among people and local environments can yield important insights into managing sustainable ecosystems. Here, we combine zooarchaeological, bulk tissue, and compound-specific stable isotope data from late Holocene Santa Rosa Island to investigate the ecological role of people within a southern California nearshore marine ecosystem. We show people foraged in diverse marine habitats, including kelp forests and pelagic waters, and consumed a wide range of species. However, zooarchaeological results reveal >50% of recovered fish remains came from presumed kelp forest carnivores of mid-trophic level (3.0–4.0) such as surfperches and rockfishes. Local fishing strategies thus did not involve the preferential removal of large-bodied, high trophic level species – a pattern known as “fishing down the food web” which has been documented in modern commercial fisheries and results in the collapse of marine ecosystems. Essential amino acid δ13C analysis revealed that the historical fish community relied on basal resources from kelps and phytoplankton. This coupling of benthic and pelagic energy sources suggests late Holocene coastal food webs in the region were in a relatively stable configuration immediately prior to first European arrival. This stability likely contributed to sustaining densely populated Chumash settlements, intensive fisheries, and high local faunal diversity. Our findings provide important pre-industrial data for marine ecosystems and document some of the mechanisms behind the intensive, yet sustainable long-term fisheries of the Island Chumash.
A estrutura sintática das chamadas "construções resultativas em PB"

BARBOSA, Julio William Curvelo. The syntactic structure of the so-called “BP resultative constructions”. 2008. 134pp. Thesis (Master’s Degree) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciencias Humanas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2008. In this work, we take up again the discussion of whether resultative constructions exist in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), as discussed in the works of Foltran (1999), Marcelino (2000) and Lobato (2004), inter alia, presenting theoretical and empirical evidence against the claim that there are resultative constructions in BP that are syntactically or semantically equivalent to resultative constructions from languages such as English, for instance. Based on works about English’s resultative construction such as Hoekstra (1988) and Levin & Rappaport-Hovav (1995), we show that the basic properties of these constructions in English are quite distinct from the properties of the constructions mentioned by the works about BP. With a criterion which takes on the properties of resultative constructions in English, we show that there is semantic difference as for the type of modification applied by the resultative predicate over the sentence when comparing English and BP, considering the neoDavidsonian event semantics (PARSONS, 1990); while English’s resultative predicate denotes the action’s resultant state, in BP the secondary predicate is, in fact, the modifier of the resultant state already denoted by the semantic content expressed by the complex verb+internal argument. Based on Talmy’s (2000) typology, we relate his proposal of impossibility of conflation of certain semantic elements to the verb in romance languages to the impossibility of resultative construction formation in these languages. Unable to conflate manner to the verb, BP realizes, instead of manner, the cause semantics conflated to the verb’s co-event, while English realizes the resultant state on a satellite, and manner and cause are conflated into the verb. From the results obtained with our semantic analysis, we conduct a syntactic analysis that explains the manner conflation restriction in BP, as well as its inability to form resultative constructions. Based on the argument structure theory from Hale & Keyser (2002), we suggest a complex predicate structure for English’s resultatives from the deadjectival verb structures, responsible for the formation of the unaccusative verbs. The restriction over the formation of these predicates in BP is explained by the negative setting of the Compounding Parameter in this language (SNYDER, 1995), thus not allowing the insertion of open-class lexical items (roots) into positions marked with the [+Afixal] feature, a sine qua non condition for the resultative predicate formation, such as English’s resultative predicates.
Asymmetric effect of tax systems on poverty and inequality: Exploring the distributional impact of domestic resource mobilization systems in Ghana

Abstract Earlier studies have assumed the effect of tax systems on poverty and inequality to be symmetric by imposing linear specifications. In this study, we account for possible asymmetries by re-examining the effect of tax systems on poverty and inequality in Ghana. We rely on the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) estimation techni que and time-series data from 1983 to 2016. The findings revealed that, while the nexus between tax systems and poverty is asymmetric, the reverse holds for the relationship between tax systems and inequality. Specifically, we establish that, while positive (negative) shocks in direct taxes raise (reduce) the level of poverty, the shocks in indirect and overall tax systems produce negative results. Moreover, the symmetric evidence is observed only for indirect taxes and inequality in the long-run, and the relationship is positive. We recommend for a poverty reduction strategy that is centered on tax reduction at all levels. Equally important is a policy that has a firm foundation in the indirect tax system to bridge the inequality in Ghana.
Temperature-dependence of the internal efficiency droop in GaN-based diodes

The temperature dependence of the measured internal efficiencies of green and blue emitting InGaN-based diodes is analyzed. With increasing temperature, a strongly decreasing strength of the loss mechanism responsible for droop is found which is in contrast to the usually assumed behavior of Auger losses. However, the experimental observations can be well reproduced assuming density activated defect recombination with a temperature independent recombination time.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Orange 16 Reactive Dye by ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Route Using Punica Granatum Leaf Extract

Since it does not use any dangerous chemicals and is a simple, low-cost process, the green synthesis approach for nanoparticle creation has several benefits compared to the physical and chemical synthesis routes. The current study describes an environmentally friendly synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using an extract of Punica granatum plant leaves. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize the morphology, composition, and structural properties of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. The XRD pattern reveals that the ZnO nanoparticles are crystalline and have a diameter of 20 nm. According to the FESEM studies, the ZnO-NPs have sizes ranging from 50 to 100 nm on average and are almost spherical. When exposed to direct sunlight, the produced ZnO-NPs demonstrate impressive photocatalytic oxidation of textile Orange 16, a reactive dye. As a result, our research advances the development of a green photocatalyst for the removal of harmful dyes from water.
Spatial mapping of growing degree days: an application of MODIS-based surface temperatures and enhanced vegetation index

Growing degree days (GDD) is a simple temperature-based index of biological development. In this paper we evaluated the potential of using 2003-2005 MODIS-based 8-day and 16-day composites of daytime surface temperature (TS) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) values at 250 m resolution for mapping GDD. The work was applied to the Canadian Atlantic Maritime Ecozone as a demonstration of the methodology. The work proceeded by establishing an empirical relationship between mean tower-based estimates of TS for the MODIS-acquisition period of 10:30 am-12:00 pm and the daily mean TS calculated from half-hourly emitted infrared/longwave radiation measurements taken from four flux sites in southern commercial forests of Canada. The relationship revealed a strong correlation between variables (r2=98.4%) and was central to the calculation of daily mean TS from MODIS-based estimates of TS. Since seasonally-based estimates of GDD and EVI were strongly correlated (r2=87%), data fusion techniques were applied to enhance the GDD map originally produced at 1 km resolution (from infrared emission band data), to 250 m. In general, the MODIS-derived map of GDD showed a positive constant offset of about 511 degree days from calculated long-term averages (1971 2000) based on temperatures collected at 101 Environment Canada climate stations.
High Plasma Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Are Associated with Increased Risk of COVID-19 in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis: Results of a Prospective Cohort

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are a population with high rates of COVID-19 and mortality. These patients present a low response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunization, which is associated with immune dysfunction. ESRD patients also present high plasma titers of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23), a protein hormone that reduces immune response in vivo and in vitro. Increased FGF23 levels associate with higher infection-related hospitalizations and adverse infectious outcomes. Thus, we evaluated whether ESRD patients with high FGF23 titers have an increased rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort of ESRD patients in hemodialysis who had measurements of plasma intact FGF23 in 2019. We determined COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and mortality between January 2020 and December 2021. Results: We evaluated 243 patients. Age: 60.4 ± 10.8 years. Female: 120 (49.3%), diabetes: 110 (45.2%). During follow-up, 45 patients developed COVID-19 (18.5%), 35 patients were hospitalized, and 12 patients died (mortality rate: 26.6%). We found that patients with higher FGF23 levels (defined as equal or above median) had a higher rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection versus those with lower levels (18.8% versus 9.9%; Hazard ratio: 1.92 [1.03–3.56], p = 0.039). Multivariate analysis showed that increased plasma FGF23 was independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. Discussion: Our results suggest that high plasma FGF23 levels are a risk factor for developing COVID-19 in ESRD patients. These data support the potential immunosuppressive effects of high circulating FGF23 as a factor implicated in the association with worse clinical outcomes. Further data are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
The isotopic composition of cosmic-ray B, C, N, and O - Evidence for an overabundance of O-18

New observations of galactic cosmic rays at higher energies (~400-780 MeV nucleon^(-1)) than obtained in previous direct mass measurements have resulted in determinations of the isotopic composition of B, C, N, and O. The derived cosmic-ray source abundances provide evidence for an enhancement of ^(18)O/^(16)O by a factor of 5.6 ± 1.9 over the solar system value and give a ^(13)C/^(12)C ratio consistent with the solar system abundance ratio, but lower than some recent measurements of the local interstellar medium.
SOLAR CYCLE VARIATIONS OF CORONAL NULL POINTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MAGNETIC BREAKOUT MODEL OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS

In this paper, we investigate the solar cycle variation of coronal null points and magnetic breakout configurations in spherical geometry, using a combination of magnetic flux transport and potential field source surface models. Within the simulations, a total of 2843 coronal null points and breakout configurations are found over two solar cycles. It is found that the number of coronal nulls present at any time varies cyclically throughout the solar cycle, in phase with the flux emergence rate. At cycle maximum, peak values of 15–17 coronal nulls per day are found. No significant variation in the number of nulls is found from the rising to the declining phase. This indicates that the magnetic breakout model is applicable throughout both phases of the solar cycle. In addition, it is shown that when the simulations are used to construct synoptic data sets, such as those produced by Kitt Peak, the number of coronal nulls drops by a factor of 1/6. The vast majority of the coronal nulls are found to lie above the active latitudes and are the result of the complex nature of the underlying active region fields. Only 8% of the coronal nulls are found to be connected to the global dipole. Another interesting feature is that 18% of coronal nulls are found to lie above the equator due to cross-equatorial interactions between bipoles lying in the northern and southern hemispheres. As the majority of coronal nulls form above active latitudes, their average radial extent is found to be in the low corona below 1.25 R☉ (175, 000 km above the photosphere). Through considering the underlying photospheric flux, it is found that 71% of coronal nulls are produced though quadrupolar flux distributions resulting from bipoles in the same hemisphere interacting. When the number of coronal nulls present in each rotation is compared to the number of bipoles emerging, a wide scatter is found. The ratio of coronal nulls to emerging bipoles is found to be approximately 1/3. Overall, the spatio-temporal evolution of coronal nulls is found to follow the typical solar butterfly diagram and is in qualitative agreement with the observed time dependence of coronal mass ejection source-region locations.
Reynolds Number Effects on Scalar Dissipation Rate Transport and Its Modeling in Turbulent Premixed Combustion

The effects of turbulent Reynolds number, Re t , on the transport of scalar dissipation rate of reaction progress variable in the context of Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes simulations have been analyzed using three-dimensional simplified chemistry-based direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of freely propagating turbulent premixed flames with different values of Re t . Scaling arguments have been used to explain the effects of Re t on the turbulent transport, scalar–turbulence interaction, and the combined reaction and molecular dissipation terms. Suitable modifications to the models for these terms have been proposed to account for Re t effects, and the model parameters include explicit Re t dependence. These expressions approach expected asymptotic limits for large values of Re t . However, turbulent Reynolds number Re t does not seem to have any major effects on the modeling of the term arising from density variation.
Behaviour of Anti-transglutaminase Antibodies in Pediatric Population with Type 1 Diabetes: Is It Possible to Save the Biopsy?

Citation: Rodríguez-Barber E, Asensio-Fernández A, Raya-Muñoz J, Ventura PS, Clemente M, et al. (2022) Behaviour of Anti-transglutaminase Antibodies in Pediatric Population with Type 1 Diabetes: Is It Possible to Save the Biopsy? Curr Trends Intern Med 6: 181. DOI: 10.29011/2638-003X.100081
An In Vitro Comparison of Zirconia and Hybrid Ceramic Crowns With Heavy Chamfer and Shoulder Finish Lines

Purpose This in vitro study aimed to compare the marginal fit and internal adaptation of computer-aided designed and computer-aided manufactured (CAD-CAM) zirconia and hybrid ceramic crowns on heavy chamfer and shoulder finish line designs using silicon replica method. Materials and methods Forty die samples were divided into four groups of 10 dies each. Out of 40 diecasts scanned, zirconia crowns were milled on 20 casts (10 prepared with shoulder and 10 prepared with heavy chamfer finish line design), while hybrid ceramic crowns were milled on the rest of the 20 casts. After milling crowns, the silicone replica technique measured the marginal fit and internal adaptation. Results The heavy chamfer finish line design provided a better marginal fit than the shoulder finish line design for zirconia and hybrid ceramic crowns. Hybrid ceramic crowns had a better marginal fit and internal adaptation than zirconia crowns, both at heavy chamfer and shoulder finish line design. The gap at the margin was less than the axial and occlusal walls, and the maximum gap was observed in the occlusal area. In addition, the marginal gap was less than the internal gap, which showed a positive correlation with each other. Conclusion The study concluded that the difference in CAD-CAM materials and finish line designs influences marginal fit and crown restoration's internal adaptation. A heavy chamfer finish line design provides a better marginal fit for zirconia and hybrid ceramic crowns than a shoulder finish line design. Hybrid ceramic crowns have a better marginal fit and internal adaptation than zirconia crowns in heavy chamfer and shoulder finish lines.
OLTARIS: an efficient web-based tool for analyzing materials exposed to space radiation

The near-Earth space radiation environment includes energetic galactic cosmic rays (GCR), high intensity proton and electron belts, and the potential for solar particle events (SPE). These sources may penetrate shielding materials and deposit significant energy in sensitive electronic devices on board spacecraft and satellites. Material and design optimization methods may be used to reduce the exposure and extend the operational lifetime of individual components and systems. Since laboratory experiments are expensive and may not cover the range of particles and energies relevant for space applications, such optimization may be done computationally with efficient algorithms that include the various constraints placed on the component, system, or mission. In the present work, the web-based tool OLTARIS (On-Line Tool for the Assessment of Radiation in Space) is presented, and the applicability of the tool for rapidly analyzing exposure levels within either complicated shielding geometries or user-defined material slabs exposed to space radiation is demonstrated. An example approach for material optimization is also presented. Slabs of various advanced multifunctional materials are defined and exposed to several space radiation environments. The materials and thicknesses defining each layer in the slab are then systematically adjusted to arrive at an optimal slab configuration.
The Impact of Social Media Shared Health Content on Protective Behavior against COVID-19

The use of social media has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic because people are isolated and working from home. The use of social media enhances information exchange in society and may influence public protective behavior against the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting public protective behavior when relying on COVID-19 pandemic-related content shared on social media. A model based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) was proposed and validated using a quantitative survey approach. A questionnaire was distributed to random respondents, and 488 responses were received and analyzed using Smart-PLS software. The findings showed that perceived risk, e-health literacy, public awareness, and health experts’ participation influence public protective behavior when using social media to share COVID-19-relevant content. The outcomes of this study can enhance government agencies’ and public health care authorities’ understanding of how to use social media to raise awareness and reduce panic among the public.
Traveling wave instability in a diverging–converging channel

The temporal linear stability of a pressure-driven flow in a diverging–converging channel with respect to the traveling wave disturbances is considered. The flow may develop under either the fixed mass flowrate constraint or the fixed pressure gradient constraint. It is shown that the variations in the channel geometry lead to the flow destabilization, as compared with the straight channel case. It is demonstrated that the critical disturbances have the form of two-dimensional waves. The global critical conditions describing the minimum critical Reynolds number required to create the instability for the specified geometry of the channel are given. It is shown that the flow developed under the fixed mass flowrate constraint is slightly more unstable than the flow developed under the fixed pressure gradient constraint. This difference increases with an increase of the amplitude of the channel divergence–convergence.