Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immigrant-Serving Organizations and Local Law Enforcement: Do Nonprofits Predict Cooperation with ICE?

Relatively little research has examined the role of immigrant-serving organizations (ISOs) as policy advocates, and virtually no studies have sought to empirically determine whether ISOs shape local policy implementation decisions. Here we study the relationship between ISOs and the policy decisions of sheriff offices, which oversee county jails. Sheriff offices are vital to implementing federal immigration enforcement programs. We determine whether the presence of ISOs predicts sheriff office cooperation with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Using a sample of 630 sheriff offices that responded to a national U.S. Bureau of Justice survey, we find the concentration of ISOs registered to provide pro bono legal aid in immigration court does predict sheriff office cooperation. The presence of these legal-aid nonprofits predicts whether sheriff offices will adopt anti-detainer (or ‘sanctuary’) policies. Additionally, these legal-aid nonprofits also correspond to fewer immigration background checks submitted to ICE from county jails.
A comparison of the asymptotic and no-z approximations for galactic dynamos

Abstract The asymptotic and the no-z approximation methods of solving the axisymmetric mean field αΩ dynamo equation in a galactic disc are compared. The behaviour of the solutions is explored in both the linear and nonlinear regimes for a variety of dynamo parameters and two different rotation curves. The solutions obtained from the two different approaches are found to be in good agreement.
Finite Soluble Groups with Permutable Subnormal Subgroups

Abstract A finite group G is said to be a PST -group if every subnormal subgroup of G permutes with every Sylow subgroup of G . We shall discuss the normal structure of soluble PST -groups, mainly defining a local version of this concept. A deep study of the local structure turns out to be crucial for obtaining information about the global property. Moreover, a new approach to soluble PT -groups, i.e., soluble groups in which permutability is a transitive relation, follows naturally from our vision of PST -groups. Our techniques and results provide a unified point of view for T -groups, PT -groups, and PST -groups in the soluble universe, showing that the difference between these classes is quite simply their Sylow structure.
Pathogenicity of Asymptomatically Residing Fusarium Species in Non-Gramineous Plants and Weeds to Spring Wheat under Greenhouse Conditions

Despite significant efforts in recent decades to combat Fusarium head blight (FHB), this disease remains one of the most important and widely studied diseases of wheat and other cereal plants. To date, studies have focused on small grain cereals as hostplants for these pathogens, but it was recently discovered that asymptomatic non-gramineous plants and weeds can serve as alternative sources of fungi associated with FHB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides isolated from non-gramineous plants and weed species to spring wheat under greenhouse conditions. A total of 91 Fusarium isolates, including 45 from weeds and 46 from non-gramineous plants were floret inoculated at mid anthesis. The FHB incidence and severity (%) of inoculated heads and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were calculated. To determine yield losses, the weight of 1000 grains (TGW) was evaluated. Results of the research showed that FHB severity (%) values in Fusarium spp. -inoculated heads from non-gramineous plants varied from 9.3% to 69.6% and AUDPC values ranged from 161.5% to 1044.6%. TGW was most significantly reduced by the F. culmorum isolates BN26r and BN39fl from Brassica napus and isolates BV15.1l and BV142.1pe from Beta vulgaris (37%, 30%, 28.8% and 31.8% respectively, compared to the water control). In Fusarium-inoculated heads from weeds, FHB severity values ranged from 6.2% to 81.0% and AUDPC values varied from 134.2% to 1206.6%. TGW was most significantly decreased by CBP1401r isolate from Capsella bursa-pastoris (52%). The study results suggest that the pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from different hosts to wheat more strongly depends on the Fusarium species and strain than the hostplant. Under greenhouse conditions, F. culmorum strain groups obtained from weeds, non-gramineous plants and Triticum were more pathogenic to wheat than the water control and other Fusarium species.
Examination of 21st Century Skills and Technological Competences of Students of Fine Arts Faculty

In this study, 21st century skills and technological tendencies of the students of the Faculty of Fine Arts were examined with a relational approach in terms of some variables. With this aim, the 21st century skills and technological competences of the students of the Faculty of Fine Arts were compared in terms of gender and grade level variables. In this respect, this study is a comparative relational survey research. The study was carried out with 198 students studying fine arts at different universities in Turkey. The 21st century skills scale and the technological susceptibility scale were used as data collection tools. In the study, t-test for independent groups, one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis techniques were used for data analysis. In the study, it was found that the 21st century skills of fine arts students were relatively high, while their technological susceptibility was moderate. It was found that the 21st century skills and technological predispositions of the participant students differed in terms of gender and grade level. Finally, a positive, significant and high-level relationship was found between the 21st century skills and technological predispositions of the students of the Faculty of Fine Arts.
A new simple method for decoding penumbra image: The filtered autocorrelation

We present a new simple method for decoding penumbra image. Penumbral imaging is a coded aperture technique which uses a simple large circular aperture as coding aperture. Thus, the image of the object is coded and the information must be recovered through a decoding process. The proposed decoding method overcomes the classical problem related to the zero-crossing of the Fourier transform of the point spread function. This problem arises when using the usual methods based on inverse filtering in Fourier domain. Moreover, it allows to remove automatically the flat background which is often superimposed to the penumbra image, without requiring an evaluation of its mean level. Performance comparison with the classical pseudo-Wiener filtering are presented. The method has been applied to ICF neutron penumbra images recorded at the Omega Laser Facility of the LLE (University of Rochester, NY). Experimental results are presented.
Predicting the Bankruptcy of Cement Companies in Bangladesh: A Study on Dhaka Stock Exchange

The financial status of a company can be measured and predicted using a variety of tools, techniques, and models like ratio analysis, vertical and horizontal analysis, etc. The objective of this study is to identify the bankruptcy position of Bangladeshi-listed cement companies. The Altman Z-Score model has been used here to assess the intensity of insolvency of Bangladeshi cement businesses with listings on Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) considering financial information from 2018 to 2021 using Altman Z-Score model. The data has been analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 28.0.1.1) and also Microsoft excel. DSE currently lists seven (07) cement companies. According to the research, Heidelberg Cement Limited and Lafarge Holcim Bangladesh Limited are in the secure region having the maximum Z value of 33.47 and the minimum Z value is 3.17. Confidence Cement Limited, Meghna Cement Limited and Crown Cement Limited in 2021 are in the grey region having the maximum Z value of 2.71 and the minimum Z value of 1.82. Aramit Cement Limited, Crown Cement Limited, and Premier Cement Mills Limited are in the bankrupt region having the Z value of less than 1.80. These three companies must outperform in sales with the improvement in operational costs to overcome bankruptcy. We found a positive correlation between all of the five independent variables and the dependent variable (Z Score).
Ideological prejudice is stronger in ideological extremists (vs. moderates)

The agency–beliefs–communion (ABC) model and worldview conflict research show that people rate groups as more moral and likable if they rate their ideology as more similar to the ideology of the self. This paper refers to this effect as ideological prejudice. There is a debate whether ideology moderates the effect size of ideological prejudice. Through three observational studies (NS1 = 700, NS2 = 974, NS3 = 633), this paper contributes to this debate in three ways. First and primarily, the paper shows that ideological prejudice is stronger in conservatives and progressives compared to people with more moderate ideological beliefs. Second, stronger ideological prejudice in ideological extremists (vs. moderates) holds when controlling for stronger ingroup favoritism in ideological extremists (vs. moderates). And third, the paper suggests that higher importance of own ideology in ideological extremists (vs. moderates) may explain why ideological prejudice is stronger in ideological extremists (vs. moderates). These findings develop a part of the ABC model of stereotypes, contribute to worldview conflict research, and help to explain why ideological polarization is divisive.
Robustifying model predictive control of constrained linear systems

Conventional model predictive control implements a version of receding horizon control where uncertainty (in the form of model error, estimation error, or disturbances) is absent. Robustness against uncertainty usually requires minimisation over control policies rather than control sequences; this may be prohibitively difficult in the presence of hard constraints on controls and states. It is shown how robustness may be achieved by a relatively simple modification to any conventional model predictive controller that is guaranteed to be stabilising in the absence of uncertainty.
Experimental Study of Evaporative Heat Transfer in Sintered Copper Bidispersed Wick Structures

An experiment has been carried out on evaporative heat transfer in rectangular bidispersed wick structures heatedbya groovedblock from thetop. Threebidispersedwick structures,havinglarge/smallpore-diameterratios of 200/80, 400/80, and 800/80 πm, were formed by sintering copper powder. For comparison, two monodispersed wick structures having pore diameters of 80 and 800 πm, respectively, were also tested. It was found that the heat transfer coefe cient and the critical heat e ux of a bidispersed wick are much higher than that of a monodispersed wick having its pore diameter equal to the smaller pore diameter of the bidispersed wick. It is also found that for bidispersed wicks with the same small-pore diameter there exists an optimal large-pore diameter that gives both the highest heat transfer coefe cient and the highest critical heat e ux. Finally, the effect of the adverse hydrostatic head on the heat transfer performance in the wick is shown. Nomenclature Ah = heating surface area, m 2 a = length of heating block, m h = heat transfer coefe cient, W/m 2 K K = permeability, m 2 P m = mass e ow rate, kg/m 2 s Q = heat power, W Tl = temperature of the subcooled liquid water, ± C Ts = saturation temperature, ± C Tv = temperature of the exhaust vapor, ± C TW = temperature of the heating block, ± C 1H = adverse hydrostatic head, mm " = porosity Subscripts l = liquid s = saturation v = vapor w = wall
Prevalence and factors associated with preterm birth in a rural district hospital, Rwanda

Introduction globally, the leading cause of neonatal mortality is preterm birth which may hinder the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 target. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with preterm delivery at Kabutare hospital, Rwanda. Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted between August and September 2020. Mothers were interviewed using a standard pretested semi-structured questionnaire and additional data were extracted from medical records of obstetric files. Gestational age was assessed using the Ballard score. Adjusted Odds Ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated for multivariable logistic regression analysis to take care of all potential confounders. Results the prevalence of preterm birth was 17.5% (95% CI: 12.9% - 22.9%). The independent factors associated with preterm birth after considering multiple logistic regression were husband being a smoker (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 5.9; 95% CI; 1.9-18; p= 0.002), antenatal care (ANC) attendance ≤ 3 visits (aOR=3.9; 95% CI; 1.1-13.8; p=0.04) and low mother's Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) < 23cm (aOR=5.6, 95% CI; 1.8-18.9; p=0.004). Conclusion: preterm delivery was high in Huye district. Thus, we recommend ANC sessions to emphasize on maternal nutritional education which is of good quality and quantity, discourage maternal alcohol consumption as well as passive smoking.
Measurements of Ocean Surface Stress Using Aircraft Scatterometers

Abstract Scatterometer model functions that directly estimate friction velocity have been developed and are being tested with radar and in situ data acquired during the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment (SWADE) of 1991. Ku-band and C-band scatterometers were operated simultaneously for extensive intervals for each of 10 days during SWADE. The model function developed previously from the FASINEX experiment converts the Ku-band normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) measurements into friction velocity estimates. These are compared to in situ estimates of surface wind stress and direction across a wide area both on and off the Gulf Stream (for hourly intervals), which were determined from buoy and meteorological measurements during February and March 1991. This involved the combination of a local, specially derived wind field, with an ocean wave model coupled through a sea-state-dependent drag coefficient. The Ku-band estimates u∗ magnitude are in excellent agreement with the in situ values. The C-band scatter.
The spectral turnover–linear size relation and the dynamical evolution of compact steep spectrum sources

Analytical and numerical methods have been used to develop a dynamical model for the evolution of the linear size, D, of compact steep spectrum (CSS) sources through the ambient medium of density, ne, within a characteristic time, T. This shows that the empirical relation between spectral turnover, νp, and D implies that νp∼n0.35e, suggesting that the spectral turnover constitutes a characteristic signature of dense gases around CSS sources.
A shift parameter estimation based on smoothed Kolmogorov–Smirnov

A new procedure of shift parameter estimation in the two-sample location problem is investigated and compared with existing estimators. The proposed procedure smooths the empirical distribution functions of each random sample and replaces empirical distribution functions in the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov method. The smoothed Kolmogorov–Smirnov is minimized with respect to an arbitrary shift variable in order to find an estimate of the shift parameter. The proposed procedure can be considered the smoothed version of a very little known method of shift parameter estimation from Rao-Schuster-Littell (RSL) [Rao et al., Estimation of shift and center of symmetry based on Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics, Ann. Stat. 3(4) (1975), pp. 862–873]. Their estimator will be discussed and compared with the proposed estimator in this paper. An example and simulation studies have been performed to compare the proposed procedure with existing shift parameter estimators such as Hodges–Lehmann (H–L) and least squares in addition to RSL's estimator. The results show that the proposed estimator has lower mean-squared error as well as higher relative efficiency against RSL's estimator under normal or contaminated normal model assumptions. Moreover, the proposed estimator performs competitively against H–L and least-squares shift estimators. Smoother function and bandwidth selections are also discussed and several alternatives are proposed in the study.
Asymptotically exact calculation of the exchange energies of one-active-electron diatomic ions with the surface integral method

We present a general procedure, based on the Holstein–Herring method, for calculating exactly the leading term in the exponentially small exchange energy splitting between two asymptotically degenerate states of a diatomic molecule or molecular ion. The general formulae we have derived are shown to reduce correctly to the previously known exact results for the specific cases of the lowest Σ and Π states of H+2. We then apply our general formulae to calculate the exchange energy splittings between the lowest states of the diatomic alkali cations K+2, Rb+2 and Cs+2, which are isovalent to H+2. Our results are found to be in very good agreement with the best available experimental data and ab initio calculations.
Synthesis of recyclable magnetic attapulgite for purifying oily wastewater

Magnetically functionalized attapulgite (ATP) was synthesized by loading Fe 3 O 4 onto ATP via co-precipitation method. The surface functional groups, thermal stability, microstructure, morphol - ogy, and magnetic properties of the samples were measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectros - copy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and vibrating magnetometer, respectively. The oil removal and recovery of magnetic ATP for oil-in-water emulsion was investigated. The results show that the magnetic ATP exhibits a saturation magnetization M s of 1.5 emu/g, the coercivity H c of 10 Oe and the residual magnetization M r of 0.03 emu/g. In addition, the thermal stability and the dispersibility in oil-water emulsion of ATP is significantly improved by Fe 3 O 4 modification. The adsorption capacity of ATP for emulsified oil slightly decreases from 8.14 to 7.16 mg/g after Fe 3 O 4 modification, regardless of the effect of acid treatment or increment of loading amount. In particular, the modified ATP is easily recovered by an external magnetic field.
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Inhibitor, CP640186, Effectively Inhibited Dengue Virus (DENV) Infection via Regulating ACC Phosphorylation

Dengue fever is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease and is caused by the dengue virus (DENV). There is still a lack of efficient drugs against DENV infection, so it is urgent to develop new inhibitors for future clinical use. Our previous research indicated the role of VEGFR2/AMPK in regulating cellular metabolism during DENV infection, while acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is located downstream of AMPK and plays a crucial role in mediating cellular lipid synthesis; therefore, we speculated that an ACC inhibitor could serve as an antiviral agent against DENV. Luckily, we found that CP640186, a reported noncompetitive ACC inhibitor, significantly inhibited DENV proliferation, and CP640186 clearly reduced DENV2 proliferation at an early stage with an EC50 of 0.50 μM. A mechanism study indicated that CP640186 inhibited ACC activation and destroyed the cellular lipid environment for viral proliferation. In the DENV2 infection mice model, oral CP640186 administration (10 mg/kg/day) significantly improved the mice survival rate after DENV2 infection. In summary, our research suggests that lipid synthesis plays an important role during DENV2 proliferation and indicates that CP640186 is a promising drug candidate against DNEV2 in the future.
Minimization of Boolean expressions using matrix algebra

The more variables a logic expression contain, the more complicated is the interpretation of this expression. Since in a statistical sense prime implicants can be interpreted as interactions of binary variables, it is thus advantageous to convert such a logic expression into a disjunctive normal form consisting of prime implicants. In this paper, we present two algorithms based on matrix algebra for the identification of all prime implicants comprised in a logic expression and for the minimization of this set of prime implicants.
Integrating spatial and legacy data to understand archaeological sites in their landscape. A case study from Unguja Ukuu, Zanzibar

Spatial analysis is paramount for understanding, monitoring, and conserving ancient settlements and cultural landscapes. Advancing remote sensing and prospection techniques are expanding the methodological frame of archaeological settlement analysis by enabling remote, landscape‐scale approaches to mapping and investigation. Whilst particularly effective in arid lands and areas with sparse or open ground cover, such as vegetation and buildings, these approaches remain peripheral in tropical environments because of technical and contextual challenges. In tropical Eastern Africa, for example, scales, resolution and visibility are often compromised by thick vegetation cover, inadequate access to, if not lack of, imagery resources and technologies, and the availability of comparative archaeological data for interpretation. This paper presents the initial results of spatial analysis, using historic landscape characterisation, remote sensing, published and legacy data, and a pilot ground survey to examine the earliest settlement of Zanzibar, Unguja Ukuu. Comparing multiple strands of evidence in a Geographic Information System (GIS), we use each as a test on the others to draw out the strengths and weaknesses of each technique in the context of tropical and coastal Eastern Africa. Drone photogrammetry, geophysical prospection, and ground survey were compared with legacy remote sensing resources and the results of a coring survey conducted across the site during the 1990s into a GIS platform to produce multi‐phase hypothetical maps of the archaeological site in the context of its potential resource landscape. These were then tested against the results of recent excavations. The discussion highlights the challenges and potential of combining these techniques in the context of Eastern Africa and provides some suggested methods for doing so. We show that remote sensing techniques give an insight into current landscapes but are less useful in understanding or modelling how sites would have fitted into their surroundings in the past, when conditions were potentially very different.
Gecko-Inspired Adhesive Mechanisms and Adhesives for Robots - A Review

Small living organisms such as lizards possess naturally built functional surface textures that enable them to walk or climb on versatile surface topographies. Bio-mimicking the surface characteristics of these geckos has enormous potential to improve the accessibility of modern robotics. Therefore, gecko-inspired adhesives have significant industrial applications, including robotic endoscopy, bio-medical cleaning, medical bandage tapes, rock climbing adhesives, tissue adhesives, etc. As a result, synthetic adhesives have been developed by researchers, in addition to dry fibrillary adhesives, elastomeric adhesives, electrostatic adhesives, and thermoplastic adhesives. All these adhesives represent significant contributions towards robotic grippers and gloves, depending on the nature of the application. However, these adhesives often exhibit limitations in the form of fouling, wear, and tear, which restrict their functionalities and load-carrying capabilities in the natural environment. Therefore, it is essential to summarize the state of the art attributes of contemporary studies to extend the ongoing work in this field. This review summarizes different adhesion mechanisms involving gecko-inspired adhesives and attempts to explain the parameters and limitations which have impacts on adhesion. Additionally, different novel adhesive fabrication techniques such as replica molding, 3D direct laser writing, dip transfer processing, fused deposition modeling, and digital light processing are encapsulated.