Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Actions Speak Louder Than Words: The Role of Action in Self‐Referential Advantage in Children With Autism

Impaired self‐processing in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is believed to be closely associated with social‐communicative deficits, a core symptom of ASD. In three experiments, we aimed to investigate (a) whether children with ASD exhibited deficient in self‐processing, as reflected by their superior memory for self‐related items as compared to other‐related items, and (b) the role that action played in promoting self‐processing in ASD. In Experiment 1, children with ASD, children with intellectual disability (ID), and typically developing children were asked to memorize items on the cards assigned to them or to the experimenter. The results indicated that the TD and ID groups had a self‐referential memory advantage, but the ASD group did not. Experiments 2 and 3 examined whether the deficit in self‐processing among children with ASDs was ameliorated when participants performed or observed an action to indicate the ownership of the items. We found that when children with ASD performed self‐generated actions or observed virtual actions, they displayed a similar self‐referential memory advantage as the other two groups. Our findings reveal that action plays an important role in the self‐processing in children with ASD, and thereby contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of self‐processing deficits in this population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 810–820. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research,Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unsupervised machine learning reveals novel traumatic brain injury patient phenotypes with distinct acute injury profiles and long-term outcomes.

The heterogeneity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a core challenge for the success of interventional clinical trials. Data-driven approaches for patient stratification may help to identify TBI patient phenotypes during the acute injury period as well as facilitate targeted trial patient enrollment and analysis of treatment efficacy. In this study, we implemented an unsupervised machine learning approach to identify TBI subpopulations at injury baseline using data from 1213 TBI patients who participated in the Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment Trial (COBRIT) Trial. A wrapper framework utilizing generalized low-rank models automatically selected relevant clinical features which were subsequently used to cluster patients using a partitioning around medoids clustering algorithm. Using this approach, we identified three patient phenotypes with unique clinical injury profiles based on a subset of acute injury features. Phenotype-specific differences in long-term functional outcome trajectories were respectively observed at three and six months after injury. In comparison, when patients were grouped by baseline Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), no differences in baseline clinical feature profiles nor long-term outcomes were observed. To test phenotype reproducibility in an external validation dataset, we used a K-nearest neighbors algorithm to classify subjects in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) Pilot dataset into corresponding phenotypes, then measured the Gower's dissimilarities between TRACK-TBI and COBRIT subjects in each phenotype. No significant differences were found between trial subjects within two phenotypes, suggesting these phenotypes may be generalizable within a broad range of TBI severity. Furthermore, Extended Glasgow Outcomes Scale (GOS-E) outcomes in the TRACK-TBI dataset similarly demonstrated phenotype-specific differences in long-term outcomes. Our results suggest that unsupervised machine learning is a promising and effective approach for discovery of novel injury subpopulations over the conventional GCS-based method and may improve patient selection in future TBI clinical trials.
Manipulating the Valence of Future Thought: The Effect on Affect

Imagining personal future events is associated with well-being, but the nature and direction of this relationship are unclear. This study investigated whether imagining episodic future scenarios, experimentally manipulated for valence, have an immediate impact on affect. University students (N = 197) completed a 2 × 3 between-subject online study in which they imagined four personal events likely to occur in the future. Participants were directed to imagine positive or negative events or were undirected as to valence to additionally assess the valence and effect of self-directed imagined scenarios. Participants in all three conditions reported a change in positive affect immediately after the task, with both positive and nondirected thinking improving positive affect and negative future thoughts reducing it. However, negative affect only shifted in response to negative future thinking but not the other conditions. These findings demonstrate that there is an immediate causal effect of episodic future thinking on affect but only in specific directions and that this differs from the patterns shown in longer term measurements. The findings also suggest when self-directed that imagined future thoughts tend to mirror the valence and causal effect of positively induced thoughts. This study has implications for the ongoing debate around future thinking and well-being.
Do functional traits offset the effects of fragmentation? The case of large‐bodied diurnal lemur species

Primates worldwide are faced with increasing threats making them more vulnerable to extinction. Anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat degradation and fragmentation, are among the main concerns, and in Madagascar, these issues have become widespread. As this situation continues to worsen, we sought to understand how fragmentation affects primate distribution throughout the island. Further, because species may exhibit different sensitivity to fragmentation, we also aimed to estimate the role of functional traits in mitigating their response. We collated data from 32 large‐bodied lemur species ranges, consisting of species from the families Lemuridae (five genera) and Indriidae (two genera). We fitted Generalized Linear Models to determine the role of habitat fragmentation characteristics, for example, forest cover, patch size, edge density, and landscape configuration, as well as the protected area (PA) network, on the species relative probability of presence. We then assessed how the influence of functional traits (dietary guild, home range size) mitigate the response of species to these habitat metrics. Habitat area had a strong positive effect for many species, and there were significantly negative effects of fragmentation on the distribution of many lemur species. In addition, there was a positive influence of PAs on many lemur species’ distribution. Functional trait classifications showed that lemurs of all dietary guilds are negatively affected by fragmentation; however, folivore‐frugivores show greater flexibility/variability in terms of habitat area and landscape complexity compared to nearly exclusive folivores and frugivores. Furthermore, species of all home range sizes showed a negative response to fragmentation, while habitat area had an increasingly positive effect as home range increased in size. Overall, the general trends for the majority of lemur species are dire and point to the need for immediate actions on a multitude of fronts, most importantly landscape‐level reforestation efforts.
Ammonia Oxidation Potentials and Ammonia Oxidizers of Lichen–Moss Vegetated Soils at Two Ice-free Areas in East Antarctica

The maximum ammonia oxidation potential (AOP) of a topsoil in Langhovde, East Antarctica was 22.1±2.4 ng N g–1 dry soil h–1 (2 mM ammonium, 10°C, n=3). This topsoil exhibited twin AOP peaks (1 and 2 mM ammonium) at 10°C, but not at 20°C. Six and ten operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) amoA, respectively. AOB were classified into Nitrosospira; the two dominant OTUs corresponded to the Mount Everest cluster. AOA were classified into three clusters; Nitrososphaera and Nitrosocosmicus were the two dominant clusters.
Why young women gain weight: A narrative review of influencing factors and possible solutions

Significant weight gain occurs in women during young adulthood, which increases risk of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and many cancers. This review aims to inform future individually targeted weight gain prevention programmes and summarizes possible targets: key life events, mediators that influence energy intake and physical activity levels, and moderators that could identify groups of women at greatest risk. Life events affecting weight include pregnancy and motherhood, smoking cessation, marriage and cohabiting, attending university, and possibly bereavement. Research has identified successful methods for preventing weight gain associated with pregnancy and motherhood, which could now be used in practice, but evidence is inconclusive for preventing weight gain around other life events. Weight gain is mediated by lack of knowledge and skills around food and nutrition, depression, anxiety, stress, satiety, neural responses, and possibly sleep patterns and premenstrual cravings. A paucity of research exists into altering these to limit weight gain. Moderators include socioeconomic status, genetics, personality traits, and eating styles. More research is required to identify at‐risk females and engage them in weight gain prevention. There is a need to address evidence gaps highlighted and implement what is currently known to develop effective strategies to limit weight gain in young women.
Improved neural control of body temperature following heat acclimation in humans

With the advent of more frequent extreme heat events, adaptability to hot environments will be crucial for the survival of many species, including humans. However, the mechanisms that mediate human heat adaptation have remained elusive. We tested the hypothesis that heat acclimation improves the neural control of body temperature. Skin sympathetic nerve activity, comprising the efferent neural signal that activates heat loss thermoeffectors, was measured in healthy adults exposed to passive heat stress before and after a 7 day heat acclimation protocol. Heat acclimation reduced the activation threshold for skin sympathetic nerve activity, leading to an earlier activation of cutaneous vasodilatation and sweat production. These findings demonstrate that heat acclimation improves the neural control of body temperature in humans.
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA) findings in diabetic and non-diabetic female: A retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a silent disease which has an effect on bone structure. Studies on the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) revealed conflicting results. We conducted a study to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in females with T2DM and compare dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan results between diabetic and non-diabetic females in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analysed hospital records and DXA scan measurements of 635 patients at tertiary hospital in Ajman, UAE. Patients with T2DM were compared to non-diabetic control group. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Student's t test was used for continuous variables, while chi-square test for categorical variables. Relative risk (RR) and it's 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) were calculated for prevalence of osteoporosis among the two group. RESULTS In all 141 patients in the diabetic group and 428 patients in the control group, while 66 patients were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in diabetic group (RR: 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1, 1.2). BMD and T-score values were similar in diabetic and control groups. Z-score values of lumbar spine, L1 and L3 were significantly higher in diabetic group. Obese patients have significantly higher BMD than non-obese in both studied groups. Younger diabetic patient had significantly higher value of BMD, T-score and Z-score in left femur total hip. CONCLUSION Although BMD and T-score values were similar between the two groups, women with T2DM had significant higher prevalence of osteoporosis. utilization, cost and significant morbidities among patients with TDT. Therefore, regular monitoring and early detection with intensification of chelation therapy is essential.
Modifications of the rainforest frugivore community are associated with reduced seed removal at the community level.

Tropical rainforests worldwide are under increasing pressure from human activities, which are altering key ecosystem processes such as plant-animal interactions. However, while the direct impact of anthropogenic disturbance on animal communities has been well studied, the consequences of such defaunation for mutualistic interactions such as seed dispersal remains chiefly understood at the plant species level. We asked whether communities of endozoochorous tree species had altered seed removal in forests affected by hunting and logging and if this could be related to modifications of the frugivore community. At two contrasting forest sites in French Guiana, Nouragues (protected) and Montagne de Kaw (hunted and partly logged), we focused on four families of animal-dispersed trees (Sapotaceae, Myristicaceae, Burseraceae and Fabaceae) which represent 88 % of all endozoochorous trees which were fruiting at the time and location of the study. We assessed the abundance of the seed dispersers and predators of these four focal families by conducting diurnal distance sampling along line transects. Densities of several key seed dispersers such as large-bodied primates were greatly reduced at Montagne de Kaw, where the specialist frugivore Ateles paniscus is probably extinct. In parallel, we estimated seed removal rates from fruit and seed counts conducted in one-square-meter quadrats placed on the ground beneath fruiting trees. Seed removal rates dropped from 77 % at Nouragues to 47 % at Montagne de Kaw, confirming that the loss of frugivores associated with human disturbance impacts seed removal at the community level. In contrast to Sapotaceae, whose seeds are dispersed by mammals only, weaker declines in seed removal for Burseraceae and Myristicaceae suggest that some compensation may occur for these bird- and mammal-dispersed families, possibly because of the high abundance of toucans at the disturbed site. The defaunation process currently occurring across many tropical forests could dramatically reduce the diversity of entire communities of animal-dispersed trees through seed removal limitation.
Are There Differences in Pediatric Psychiatric Emergency Department Patients Related to Utilization Frequency?

Objectives The increasing frequency of visits to the pediatric psychiatric emergency department in the United States signals a need for a better understanding of factors contributing to more frequent utilization. This study examined characteristics of patients associated with higher utilization of the pediatric psychiatric emergency department to increase understanding of this group of patients. Methods This was a retrospective observational study. Data were abstracted from the electronic medical record system from January 2012 to December 2017 for patients with a completed mental health consultation. There were 8504 total encounters for 6950 unique patients during this period. Analyses were conducted to test associations between maximum number of visits in any 1-year period for each patient and demographic and clinical factors. Results Younger age was independently associated with greater mean number of visits within any 1 year. No independent associations were found between maximum number of visits within 1 year and sex, race, language, insurance type, distance from emergency department, time spent in the emergency department, or reason for visit. Conclusions The greater emergency department use by younger children found in this study may be an indicator of insufficient treatment at other levels of care. Additional research examining more demographic variables and demographic characteristics in greater detail is needed to fully characterize the most frequent users of costly pediatric psychiatric emergency department care.
Exploring L2 learners’ engagement and attitude in an intercultural encounter

Following the appraisal framework (Martin & White, 2005), in particular the two discourse-semantic systems of Engagement and Attitude, this study examines the extent to which second language learners in a US-Spain telecollaborative project (a) engaged with their own ideas and those of their partners and (b) expressed their attitude towards their own and the second language culture. The results of the analysis suggest that learners reacted differently when discussing their own culture and that of their foreign language. The data collected provides evidence that learners avoided using monoglossic (i.e. bare) statements regarding both their L1 and L2 cultures, and fewer contracting statements for the latter. Overall, learners also presented a preference for positive Affective, Judgment, and Appreciation markers, which suggests their interest in creating an environment of solidarity and closeness with their telecollaborative partners. The results also indicated the value of discussing the topic in general, without particular reference to the first or the second culture, as a safe space to address conflicting issues that might result in communication breakdowns and move beyond personal, superficial, and anecdotal references.
BitGourmet: Deterministic Approximation via Optimized Bit Selection

The goal of deterministic approximation is to produce guaranteed bounds for aggregates in SQL queries (i.e., the exact value is guaranteed to be contained within those bounds). We present our ongoing work on BitGourmet, a novel sys-tem for deterministic approximation, and ﬁrst experimental results. BitGourmet reduces processing time, compared to standard processing, by considering only a subset of bit positions in every column. It stores the entire database as a collection of bit vectors. Given user-speciﬁed constraints on approximation precision, BitGourmet selects an optimal subset of bit vectors to generate a result of the desired precision with minimal processing overheads. BitGourmet features a specialized processing engine with scenario-speciﬁc operators. It uses a multi-objective, cost-based optimizer that employs cardinality, cost, and error models based on bit-level data statistics. Furthermore, it uses a proactive buﬀer management strategy based on query predictions to ﬁll its buﬀer with bit vectors that are likely to be relevant for future queries. We provide ﬁrst experimental results, demonstrating signiﬁcant speedups over state-of-the-art exact processing engines and increased result precision, compared to sampling-based approximation engines.
alpha to omega: the G(r)eek Alphabet of Sampling

Sampling is the most versatile and easiest to implement cardinality estimation method. Therefore, it is implemented in almost every database management system, commercial or not. Consequently, the main purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with an intuition about sampling precision. In the context of query optimization, the basic procedure can be described as follows. From a relation R containing n tuples, a sample of m < n tuples is drawn. Then, a query predicate p is evaluated on the m sample tuples, and the number k of qualifying sample tuples is recorded. Assume the evaluation of the same predicate p on the relation R results in l qualifying tuples. The task now is to produce an estimate ˆ l for l where n, m, k are given. The standard answer to this task is ˆ l = k nm . However, there are some (yet unanswered) fundamental questions:
A new generalization of edge overlap to weighted networks

Finding the strength of an edge in a network has always been a big demand. In the context of social networks, it allows to estimate the relationship strength between users. The best-known method to compute edge strength is the Neighbourhood Overlap. It computes the ratio of common neighbours to all neighbours of an edge terminal nodes. This method has been initially proposed for unweighted networks and later extended for weighted ones. These two versions of the method are not mathematically equivalent: In fact, an unweighted network is commonly considered as weighted with all edge weights equal to one. Using both existent versions of Neighbourhood Overlap on such network produce completely different values. In this paper, we tackle this problem and propose a new generalization for Neighbourhood Overlap that works equally for unweighted and weighted networks. Experiment performed on networks with various parameters showed similar performance of our measure to the existing measures.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABOUR MARKET STRUCTURE AND THE PREVALENCE OF ’NECESSITY’ SELF- EMPLOYMENT

This paper contributes to the field of research on entrepreneurship and self-employment. More explicitly, it contributes to the research regarding heterogeneity by studying the ‘necessity’ selfemployed. In this paper, we question the notion of ‘necessity’ and its connection to weak labour market attainment by measuring individual’s human capital in relation to local labour market structures. The used data derives from relevant labour market data combined with data from a postal survey study conducted in 2011, containing self-employed between the age 25–64. The results show no connection between labour market attainment and ‘necessity’ self-employment. The results however indicate a correlation between sociodemographic-aspects and ‘necessity’ self-employment.
Job Performance of Clinical Nurses at Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Job performance refers to nurse’s activities reflects the quality of delivered care directly and indirectly concerning with health care organizations. It reflects patient care which is largely measured by patient outcomes and the achievement of organizational goals. Objective: To explore the job performance of clinical nurses at tertiary level hospital. Methods: A descriptive exploratory study was conducted using a convenient sampling technique with a total number of 104 clinical nurses in 2018 to 2019 at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Data were collected by using face to face interview with a self-administered questionnaire based on the Schwirian’s Six Dimensions Scale of Nursing Performance. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis of the data (SPSS version 23). Results: The study result showed that the average age of the participant was 34 (SD =7.16) years. Majority of them were female (84.6%), married (83.7%), & Muslim (82.7%). The findings revealed that the average job performance was 2.64 (SD =.66). In bivariate analysis result found that the MSC nurses performed both patient related and non-patient related job performance significantly (F= 3.97, p=.02; F=3.13, p=.04) higher than that of BSc and Diploma education. Similarly, nurses job experience was statistically significant (r = .211, p=.031) with job performance. Conclusion: The study findings showed that, higher educated and experienced nurses performed more patients and non-patient related tasks. Therefor It is recommended that nurse need to initiate to achieve higher degree and educational training program for better nursing services.
Do risk and time preferences have biological roots?

: We revisit the claims about the biological underpinnings of economic behavior by specifically exploring if observed gender differences in risk/time preferences can be explained by natural fluctuations in progesterone/estradiol levels during the menstrual cycle and by prenatal exposure to testosterone and estrogen levels. We find no effect of the menstrual cycle (and thereby, of associated fluctuations in progesterone and estradiol levels) or of the digit ratio on either risk or time preferences.