Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A CRISPR screen using BV2 cells identifies sialic acid synthesis genes as required for reovirus attachment and infection

Engagement of cell-surface receptors by viruses is a critical determinant of tropism and disease. The reovirus attachment protein, σ1, first binds sialylated and proteinaceous receptors to mediate infection, but the specific requirements on different cell types are not entirely known. To identify host factors required for reovirus replication and subsequent cell killing, we conducted a CRISPR-knockout screen targeting over 20,000 genes in murine microglial BV2 cells. Candidate genes identified as required for reovirus-induced cell death were highly enriched for sialic acid synthesis and transport. Two of the top candidates identified, cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (Cmas) and solute carrier family 35 member A1 (Slc35a1), promote sialic acid expression on the cell surface. Two reovirus strains that differ in the capacity to bind sialic acid, T3SA+ and T3SA-, were used to evaluate Cmas and Slc35a1 as potential host genes required for reovirus infection. Following CRISPR-Cas9 disruption of either gene, cell-surface expression of sialic acid was diminished. These results correlated with decreased binding of T3SA+, a strain known to engage sialic acid, and no change in the low-level binding of T3SA-, a strain that does not engage sialic acid. Furthermore, infectivity of T3SA+ was diminished to levels of T3SA- in CRISPR-modified cells. Following exogenous expression of Cmas and Slc35a1 into the respective null cells, sialic acid expression was restored. These results demonstrate that Cmas and Slc35a1, which are required for cell-surface expression of sialic acid, enhance reovirus attachment. Moreover, these findings provide additional evidence that sialic acid, which is expressed on most cells, serves as an attachment factor for reovirus. While reovirus is currently not a major public health concern, reoviruses are a highly tractable experimental model for the study of viral pathogenesis. These findings shed light on general principles of virus-receptor interactions which are important determinants of dissemination and tropism of many viruses affecting public health today.
Comparison of effect of intraperitoneal vs. intra-accumbal injection of memantine on response to acute stress in female NMRI mice

Introduction: In this study, the effect of memantine administration into the nucleus accumbens on the metabolic changes induced by acute stress in female mice was evaluated. Methods: Intra-accumbens unilateral or bilateral canulation was performed. One week after recovery, a group of animals were given memantine (1, 0.5, and 0.1 μg/mouse) five min before stress induction intra-accumbally, and the other group received it (1, 0.5 and 0.1 mg/kg) 30 min before stress intraperitoneally. Food and water intake, weight of fecal material, and the delay time before eating were measured as metabolic parameters after stress induction. Results: Acute stress reduced water and food intake, fecal matter, and the delay time before eating. Intraperitoneal memantine injections augmented the stress effect on water intake, but inhibited its effect on food intake at dose of 0.1 mg/kg and had no impact on defecation. The drug induced anorexia especially at dose of 1 mg/kg. On the other hand, intra-accumbens memantine injections reduced water intake when the drug was injected in the left side. Moreover, memantine injections inhibited or enhanced the effects of stress on water intake, food intake and defecation in a doseand location-dependent manner, and also increased the delay time before eating. Conclusion: Memantine inhibits or enhances the effects of acute stress dose-dependently. In addition, it seems that there is asymmetry in nucleus accumbens response. Key
HISTOLOGICAL & HISTOCHMICAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF ADULT RATS TREATED WITH MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE: A LIGHT MICROSCOPIC STUDY

Introduction: Monosodium Glutamate, also known as MSG. [1-3] Monosodium glutamate is a controversial additive. It is metabolized in liver and kidney plays an important role in its elimination. [4] In 1968 Schaumburg H.H and R. Byck [5] were the first people to draw attention towards Chinese restaurant syndrome characterized by headache, chest discomfort and facial flushing. [6, 7, 8] The diversity in manifestation of toxic effects and susceptibility of different species of animals to MSG was such that till date no specific dietary limitations have been recommended. The current research work is carried out to Study the morphology and histology of adult rat liver treated with Monosodium Glutamate (3mg and 6mg/gm body weight). Materials & Methods: The study was started after permission from Institutional Ethical committee which has duly authorized CPCSEA approval for animal experiment. In all 51 adult Wistar rats were assigned into three study groups randomly. All three group experimental animal were sacrificed according to CPCSEA guideline, and Liver tissue sample were taken for morphological and histological examination. Conclusion: The findings revealed that there were deleterious changes in the liver tissue such as dilated and congested central vein, inflammatory cell infiltration, cytoplasmic vaculation and pyknotic nucleus, cyto architecture
Shared Care Family Physician Satisfaction with Mental Health Services: Findings from a Community Survey

Greater attention is now being focused on the family physician’s role in providing mental health care. As many as 40 per cent of individuals seen in primary care have identifiable mental health problems (1), and family physicians are often the first point of contact with the mental health system (1,2). Data from the mental health supplement to the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Survey revealed that 35 per cent of individuals will receive mental health care from their family physician only (compared with 40 per cent only in the specialized sector), even though the severity and duration of these problems are similar to those of individuals being seen in the specialized sector (3).
Synthesis, performance and working mechanism of a novel polyaryl ether superplasticizer for cement-based materials

Abstract Synthesis of polyaryl ether (PAE), poly(salicylic acid)-co-poly[p-methylphenyl oxy poly(ethylene glycol) ether] by condensation polymerization and its properties in cement pastes are discussed. The synthesized PAE copolymer was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). It was proved that PAE could be applied as a high-performance superplasticizer like conventional polycarboxylate ether (PCE). The performances of PAE in cement pastes were tested by the experiments of fluidity, clay tolerance, adsorption, setting time, cement hydration heat, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its working mechanism was proposed through zeta potential and adsorbed layer thickness analysis. This research can provide useful guidance for the exploration of novel PCE-type superplasticizers in future studies. Graphical Abstract
Referral Practices: Are Sport Psychology Consultants Out of Their League?

The purpose of the study was to examine the referral practices of sport psychology consultants in Canada. Eighteen (male = 10, female = 8) sport consultants registered with the Canadian Mental Training Registry (CMTR) returned a completed Referral Questionnaire for Sport Consultants and consent form (response rate = 51.4%). Means and standard deviations were calculated for the questions asked on a 5-point Likert scale. On the average, respondents indicated that they rarely encounter athletes with clinical problems and clients are rarely referred to them. This finding, however, was not consistent across the sport psychology consultants surveyed with some always referring and others never referring to registered psychologists or mental health professionals. When referrals are made, they are directed primarily toward specialists and those with an interest in sport. The National Sport Centre is one body that sport psychologists can tap into for referral lists. In the initial consultation, approximately half of the sport psychology consultants broach the topic of referral with their clients. The referral process is explained more thoroughly during subsequent sessions. Strategies sport psychology consultants employ to facilitate the referral process include networking, updating referral lists and maintaining contact with the client once the referral process has been initiated.
Araştirmalar / Original Articles Biochemical Parameters in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Malign Plevral Mezotelyoma ve Pulmoner Adenokarsinomda Biyokimyasal Parametreler

Objectives: The differential diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from primary adenocarcinomas presenting pleural metastases fre quently causes problems. Our aim was to derive simple biochemical parame ters for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma and MPM. Design and Methods: Seventy-one patients (34 MPM, 37 pulmonary adeno carcinoma) with a malignant pleural effusion were included in the study. Glucose, protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and adenosinedeam inase (ADA) were performed on pleural fluid samples. Results: The levels of ADA were significantly lower and of LDH significantly higher in pleural fluid of the patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma than in those with MPM (p<0.05). ROC identified 31 as the best cut-off value for the PLDH/PADA ratio yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 76.5%, respectively, in the diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Our results showed that PLDH was increased in pulmonary ade nocarcinoma compared to MPM. PLDH/PADA ratio may be useful in distin guishing pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Cleft lip and palate in Norway. I. Registration, incidence and early mortality of infants with CLP.

Medical registration of births, including information on congenital malformations in the newborn, was introduced in Norway on January 1, 1967. Matching data from hospital records of patients, born during the years 1967–74 and operated on for CLP, with data from the Medical Birth Registry for the same period revealed that a considerable number of clefts had not been registered at birth. This underreporting amounted to 14.46% of the cleft patients admitted for surgery, and was in the majority of cases due to a failure of filling in the birth reports properly. The number thus missed at birth registration significantly influenced the statistical data obtained from the Medical Birth Registry. The real incidence of CLP in Norway is estimated to be 2.08 per thousand live births, with the following incidence for the main groups of clefts: Cleft lip 0.66, cleft lip and palate 0.77, and cleft palate 0.65 per thousand live births. Of a total of 1 073 cases, 59% were males and 41% females. The incidence of CLP among .
Patrones de prescripción de antidiabéticos en un grupo de pacientes colombianos

OBJETIVOS: Determinar los patrones de prescripcion de medicamentos antilipemicos en un grupo de afiliados al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud de Colombia. METODOS: Estudio descriptivo observacional con 41 580 dislipidemicos de ambos sexos, mayores de 20 anos, con tratamiento, al menos, de abril a junio de 2006 y residentes en 19 ciudades colombianas. Se diseno una base de datos de registros sobre consumo de medicamentos, capturados por la empresa que distribuye los farmacos a los pacientes. RESULTADOS: Edad promedio de 58,4 ± 13,5 anos; 58,9% de los participantes son mujeres. Del total de pacientes, 95,6% recibian monoterapia y 4,4% dos o mas antilipemicos. El orden de prescripcion de los medicamentos fue: estatinas (70,9%), fibratos (27,5%), resinas fijadoras de colesterol (0,9%) y otros (0,7%), todos a dosis bajas. Las combinaciones mas empleadas fueron lovastatina + gemfibrozilo (n = 1 568), colestiramina + gemfibrozilo (n = 92), coles tiramina + lovastatina (n = 78). La comedicacion mas prescrita fue: antihipertensivos (60,9%), antiinflamatorios (56,5%), antiulcerosos (22,9%), antidiabeticos (20,6%), ASA (3,8%). Existe subempleo de antianginosos y ASA y sobreempleo de antiinflamatorios y antiulcerosos. CONCLUSIONES: La dislipidemia es un factor de riesgo primario para desarrollar enfermedad coronaria y accidentes cerebrovasculares, causas frecuentes de morbilidad y mortalidad en Colombia y el mundo. Todos los antilipemicos se emplean en dosis menores a las recomendadas. Se plantea la necesidad de disenar estrategias educativas para corregir algunos habitos de prescripcion y explorar resultados clinicos de formulaciones estudiadas.
Normal Saline and Dextrose-Saline Infusion Comparison in the Duration of Active Phase in Nulliparous Women

Background: During labor, it is not unusual for women to have little or no nutrient intake, in spite of the fact that the demand for energy increases as a result of skeletal and smooth muscle contractions. Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of intravenous normal saline with dextrose-saline on the duration of active phase in nulliparous women. Patients and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 174 nulliparous women with gestational age of ≥ 36 weeks in the active phase of spontaneous labor were divided into two groups, receiving either normal saline (NS) or dextrose 5% in normal saline (D5NS) with a rate of 120 mL/hour. The primary outcome was the duration of active phase of labor in vaginally-delivered subjects. The secondary outcomes were the duration of second stage of labor, need to oxytocin, and neonate Apgar score. Data were analyzed with t-test and chi-squared test. Results: Of 174 objects enrolled, 150 women delivered vaginally and completed the study. There was a significant difference in the duration of active phase between the groups (NS: 270.20 ± 13.37 minutes; D5NS: 206.67 ± 11.72 minutes) (P < 0.001) and second stage of labor (NS: 45.20 ± 1.65 minutes; D5NS: 37.27 ± 1.73 minutes) (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the need to oxytocin as well as in Apgar score between the groups. Conclusions: The administration of dextrose saline was associated with a shortened active phase and second stage of labor in vaginally delivered nulliparous women. Keywords: Dextrose; Hydration; Labor; Nulliparity
Low-mass nitrogen-, oxygen-bearing, and aromatic compounds in Enceladean ice grains

Saturn’s moon Enceladus is erupting a plume of gas and ice grains from its south pole. Linked directly to the moon’s subsurface global ocean, plume material travels through cracks in the icy crust and is ejected into space. The subsurface ocean is believed to be in contact with the rocky core, with ongoing hydrothermal activity present. The Cassini spacecraft’s Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) detected volatile, gas phase, organic species in the plume and the Cosmic Dust Analyser (CDA) discovered high-mass, complex organic material in a small fraction of ice grains. Here, we present a broader compositional analysis of CDA mass spectra from organic-bearing ice grains. Through analogue experiments, we find spectral characteristics attributable to low-mass organic compounds in the Enceladean ice grains: nitrogen-bearing, oxygen-bearing, and aromatic. By comparison with INMS results, we identify low-mass amines [particularly (di)methylamine and/or ethylamine] and carbonyls (with acetic acid and/or acetaldehyde most suitable) as the best candidates for the N- and O-bearing compounds, respectively. Inferred organic concentrations in individual ice particles vary but may reach tens of mmol levels. The low-mass nitrogen- and oxygen-bearing compounds are dissolved in the ocean, evaporating efficiently at its surface and entering the ice grains via vapour adsorption. The potentially partially water soluble, low-mass aromatic compounds may alternatively enter ice grains via aerosolization. These amines, carbonyls, and aromatic compounds could be ideal precursors for mineral-catalysed Friedel–Crafts hydrothermal synthesis of biologically relevant organic compounds in the warm depths of Enceladus’ ocean.
Effects of Different Modes of Exercise Training on Glucose Control and Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE—We sought to meta-analyze the effects of different modes of exercise training on measures of glucose control and other risk factors for complications of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The 27 qualifying studies were controlled trials providing, for each measure, 4–18 estimates for the effect of aerobic training, 2–7 for resistance training, and 1–5 for combined training, with 1,003 type 2 diabetic patients (age 55 ± 7 years [mean ± between-study SD]) over 5–104 weeks. The meta-analytic mixed model included main-effect covariates to control for between-study differences in disease severity, sex, total training time, training intensity, and dietary cointervention (13 studies). To interpret magnitudes, effects were standardized after meta-analysis using composite baseline between-subject SD. RESULTS—Differences among the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on HbA1c (A1C) were trivial; for training lasting ≥12 weeks, the overall effect was a small beneficial reduction (A1C 0.8 ± 0.3% [mean ± 90% confidence limit]). There were generally small to moderate benefits for other measures of glucose control. For other risk factors, there were either small benefits or effects were trivial or unclear, although combined training was generally superior to aerobic and resistance training. Effects of covariates were generally trivial or unclear, but there were small additional benefits of exercise on glucose control with increased disease severity. CONCLUSIONS—All forms of exercise training produce small benefits in the main measure of glucose control: A1C. The effects are similar to those of dietary, drug, and insulin treatments. The clinical importance of combining these treatments needs further research.
Impact of ozone processing on microbiological, physicochemical, and bioactive characteristics of refrigerated stored
 Cantaloupe
 melon juice

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of ozone treatment on microbiological decontamination (intrinsic microflora and inoculated Listeria innocua) and some physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of Cantaloupe melon juice, also during refrigerated storage. To determine adequate ozone exposure, the survival curve of L. innocua was previously assessed. A thermal treatment was also performed seeking comparison with ozone treatment impact. After ozone exposure, L. innocua was not detected in juice samples, while thermal pasteurization allowed a reduction of 5.2 ± 0.2 log cycles. Although ozone reduced the intrinsic microflora loads, this reduction was higher for heat‐treated samples. Vitamin C was highly retained in ozone‐treated juices (68%), when compared with the pasteurized ones (39%). After 13 days of storage, ozone allowed the retention of the most quality parameters analyzed and, therefore, it can be considered as a promising alternative to traditional pasteurization of Cantaloupe melon juice. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The actual consumers' demand for high‐quality food standards has launched research to alternative and milder nonthermal processes, which have gained increasing attention and importance in the fruit juice industries. Ideally, preservation and/or processing of foods should involve technologies that prevent undesirable microbial survival and minimize quality attributes changes and nutrient losses. Thermal treatments are conventionally used to attain such targets; however, the content and the biological activity of the most health‐related compounds are dramatically reduced. In this context, and particularly in the beverages industries, ozone has been exploited due to its potential for inactivating spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, while being effective in overall quality retention of the products.
A comparative study of management of supracondylar fractures of humerus by open reduction versus closed reduction in a tertiary hospital

Background: Supracondylar fracture of humerus is the commonest injury about the elbow in children. Anatomical reduction is required to prevent complications and improve cosmetic appearance. Objective: To compare the results of the closed reduction and open reduction of the supracondylar fractures of humerus in children. Materials and Methods: The study was done in all cases of supracondylar fractures in children of 2–15 years of age who visited orthopedic outpatient department and were confirmed with X-ray. They were divided randomly into two groups. Group I children were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, and group II cases were treated with closed reduction. Both the groups were followed up for 6 months and evaluated with X-rays. The results were expressed in mean and percentage. Result: All the fractures were found to be united clinically and radiologically when X-rays were taken at 5 weeks in group I and at 6 weeks in group II. Only 4% cases in group I and 44% cases in group II resulted in cubitus varus deformity as measured by the carrying angle. Only 16% cases in group I and 48% cases in group II showed unsatisfactory results. Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation give more stable fixation and better anatomical reduction with negligible complication. Treatment from quacks of supracondylar fracture humerus should be discouraged owing to availability of surgical techniques giving excellent results.
Hydration and health: a review

Summary Water is essential for life and maintaining optimal levels of hydration is important for humans to function well. Water makes up a large proportion of our body weight (60% on average), distributed between the intracellular (inside cells) and extracellular (water in the blood and in between cells) compartments. Water is the major component of body fluids, such as blood, synovial fluid (fluid in the joints), saliva and urine, which perform vital functions in the body. The concentration of solutes (osmolality) in body fluids is closely controlled, and even very small changes in osmolality trigger a physiological response; either to increase body water by reducing urinary output and stimulating thirst; or to excrete excess water as urine. Generally, body water is maintained within narrow limits. However, if water losses are not sufficiently replaced, dehydration occurs. Extreme dehydration is very serious and can be fatal. More mild dehydration (about 2% loss of body weight) can result in headaches, fatigue and reduced physical and mental performance. It is also possible to consume too much water and in rare cases this can result in hyponatraemia (low levels of sodium in the blood). We can get water from almost all drinks and from some foods in the diet. Food provides about 20% on average and this could vary widely depending on the types of food chosen. We also get water from all the drinks we consume, with the exception of stronger alcoholic drinks like wines and spirits. All these can contribute to dietary water, but also have other effects on health both positive and negative. The major concerns with regards to beverages are their energy content and their effect on dental health. With obesity levels continuing to increase it is important for many in the population to control their energy intake, and drinks as well as foods must be considered for their energy content. With regards to dental health, there are two concerns; dental caries and dental erosion. Dental caries are caused by a reduction in pH due to bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, and so the frequency of consumption of drinks containing sugars is a concern for risk of caries. Dental erosion occurs at a lower pH and is caused by the consumption of acidic foods and drinks, in particular, citrus juices and soft drinks containing acids. Individual water needs vary widely depending on many factors including body size and composition, the environment and levels of physical activity. Thus it is very difficult to make generic recommendations about the amount of water to consume. The FSA currently recommends drinking about 1.2 litres per day (about 6‐8 glasses).