Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.) Shoots Multiplying and Callus Induction by Benzyladenine, Naphthaline Acetic Acid and Oryzaline

Explants from axillary buds of Polianthes tuberose L. were used in this experiment. They were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various combination of Benzyladenine (BA) (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) and Napthaline acetic acid (NAA) (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l). Explants developed into callus after culturing for 4 weeks and increasing on MS medium supplemented with all concentration of BA. Callus transferred to MS medium supplemented with various combination of BA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0mg/l) and NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l), and subcultured every 4 weeks into the same medium. It was found that MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA and 2.0 mg/l NAA was sufficient for shoots induction and multiplication roots regeneration from callus within 12 weeks. Callus turned brown and had low survival rate (%) when soaked them with high concentration of oryzalin. (more than 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l). Keywords : axillary bud; BA; NAA; oryzalin; Polianthes tuberose .
Colonização ictiofaunística do Reservatório de Itaipu e áreas adjacentes

Samples were taken from November 1983 to October 1989 in sites along the main body of the Itaipu reservoir and its area of influence to evaluate the impacts of this reservoir on ichthyofauna and to provide information about the colonization process in the dammed area. The ichthyofaunistic similarity between the sites was analysed during the studied period. Spatial and temporal variations of the ichthyofaunistic diversity were also done, using Shannon-Winer Index of Diversity, eveness and species richness, comparing the results with those obtained before the damming. After Itaipu Reservoir formation, it was observed significative alteration in specific abundance and ichthyofauna structure of the Parana River, with an increase in species number in ali tributaries of the reservoir, and a high replacement in species. Diversity and species richness were higher in the dammed stretch of the Parana river and in its tributaries of the left side after the Itaipu reservoir formation. Among the sampled sites, the highest values of the diversity index were registered in Parana River upstream and downstream the reservoir, Iguatemi river and Arroio Guacu. Based on information of similarity in species composition and abundance in the sampled area, five site groups could be identified.
Integrating LIDAR‐derived canopy structure into cerulean warbler habitat models

Researchers have suggested that the cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerulea), a declining species, settles on its breeding grounds in response to a particular canopy structure within mature deciduous forests. Conservation management strategies could be more effective if this association was further clarified; however, defining canopy structure from the ground can be laborious and subjective. We used light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data to create canopy height models that provide accurate objective data on the vertical and horizontal canopy structure throughout the extent of our study area in south-central Indiana's Morgan–Monroe and Yellowwood state forests. In addition, we used LIDAR data to construct digital terrain models to derive topographic metrics for our study area. We combined these data with data from ground-level surveys and created habitat models to determine which variables best predict cerulean warbler occurrence and density. Model subsets containing only LIDAR-derived variables performed better than model subsets containing variables derived only from ground-level surveys. The top occurrence model indicated that cerulean warblers defended areas that were associated with northeast facing slopes, lower elevations, gentler slopes, and greater hickory (Carya spp.) basal area (m2/ha). The top density models indicated that the high-use areas for cerulean warblers were associated with steeper slopes, lower total basal area (m2/ha), fewer large trees (≥53 cm diameter at breast height), greater white oak (Quercus alba) basal area (m2/ha), and contained a homogeneous horizontal and vertical canopy structure. Conservation managers should consider silvicultural practices that promote old growth oak–hickory (Quercus spp.–Carya spp.) forests on mesic slopes. Furthermore, LIDAR can provide an objective and efficient method for collecting terrain and surface data at large scales, which can be used to define habitat and aid conservation efforts. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Pinus strobiformis Engelmann: Nueva localidad para Guanajuato, México

Como resultado de una serie de exploraciones realizadas en el municipio de San Jose Iturbide, Guanajuato, se localizo una poblacion de Pinus strobiformis Engelmann que fue identificada a traves de claves, descripcion y cotejado con material de herbario. Actualmente la especie se reporta en la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 (Diario Oficial, 2010), dentro de la Categoria de Riesgo Pr que refiere a las especies que podrian llegar a encontrarse amenazadas por factores que inciden negativamente en su viabilidad. Asi, para incorporar a P. strobiformis al acervo de la biodiversidad del estado de Guanajuato se respalda su identificacion y ubicacion, el cual al actualizarse evidencia la distribucion mas austral de los registros antes conocidos. La presencia de la especie en el estado de Guanajuato se confirma en adicion a los registros existentes en los estados de Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora y Zacatecas. Ademas, se modifica el numero de especies de pino registradas para el estado de Guanajuato de 10 a 11. El origen de la especie se relaciona con los probables centros de diversidad y evolucion de los pinos reconocidos en el pais y su analisis conduce a que los antecesores de la especie provienen de las Montanas Rocosas hasta su arribo al centro de diversidad de las Regiones II y III y de este al sitio de recoleccion. La nueva localidad se encuentra en las coordenadas 20° 56' N y 100° 17' O
MBL2 polymorphism and autoimmune markers: reconsidering the complexity of biological systems in the choice of controls

The study of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in disease physiopathology represents a fascinating challenge. MBL has a broad role as recognition pattern molecule of innate immunity, activating the complement system, and acting as an ‘ante-antibody’ because it has a role in mammals during the lag period that is required to develop an antibody response against infectious agents. Additionally, MBL recognizes altered self-antigens, extending its role beyond a traditional host defense as it appears to play a role as a modulator of inflammation (Takahashi et al., 2006). Our interest on the study of MBL initiated in 1998, after a great epidemic of dengue in the city of Recife, Brazil. We hypothesized that individuals that had high MBL binding activity to mannan would be associated to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in comparison with dengue fever (DF). Using an ‘in house’ sandwich ELISA we observed higher binding activity of MBL in patients infected with dengue compared to the control group. Regarding the DHF vs. DF group it was observed a trend to higher MBL activity in DHF (Mann–Whitney, P = 0.07) (Moura, 1999). Since then, our group pursues to understand primarily the possible influence of MBL polymorphism or its serum levels alteration in infectious diseases (Moura, 2004; Segat et al., 2007; Miranda et al., 2009; Melo et al., 2009) and sickle cell anemia (Oliveira et al., 2009; Mendonça et al., 2010). Studies associating the polymorphism of the structural and promoter regions of MBL2 and infectious or autoimmune diseases show different results, which could be related to many factors; (i) the number of the
VULNERABILITY OF POTATO WHITE GRUB TO ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI AND NEMATODES

The efficacy of entomogenous fungi and nematode in controlling Brahmina coriacaea (Hope) grubs was determined in pot experiments and under field conditions. B. coriacea grubs had medium to low susceptibility to fungi, Metarrhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in laboratory. Under field condition, both these fungi, didn’t provide satisfactory control of potato white grubs. B. coriacea grubs were highly susceptible to nematode Heterorhabditis indica. In laboratory assays, H. indica caused 100 and 80.46% mortality of second and third instar grubs, respectively. The application of H. indica did reduce the damage by grubs to potato tubers. Lesser number of grubs were observed in nematode treated plots and white grub infestation was 8.13% as compared to 11.28% in untreated plots.
Análise econômica da exploração de leite no cariri paraibano

Economic analysis of the milk production in the cariri region of the Paraiba State. This study aimed to evaluate the costs of production, revenue and profitability of six milk production systems in Paraiba State, Brazil and to identify major variables related to the final cost of milk through the economic results and indicators of economic performance. In order to carry out the economic analysis, farmers were grouped into two clusters, depending on the link to a cooperative, i.e., members and non-members. The gross revenue was sufficient to cover total and operating costs in the farms 1, 2, 3 and 5. The items that make up the operational cost of milk production accounted for percentages above 60% in all these farms. The higher value received by the cluster of producers comprised by members of the cooperative for a gallon of milk has allowed investments in technology leading to productivity increase in these farms.
Osteogenic hormones acting on the environment of the hematopoietic stem cell niche

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most widely studied adult stem cells in vertebrates. Despite this, little is known about the regulation of HSC maintenance in their specialized microenvironment. The aim of this thesis was to study the influence of osteogenic hormones on the regulation of HSCs. Thereby we could prove that, although estradiol increases osteoblastic cell numbers and bone mass, it does not have any advantageous effects on the endosteal HSC niche. Surprisingly, estradiol displayed alterations in the microenvironment of the vascular niche, by upregulating distinct adhesion molecules and thereby correlating with an increase of HSCs in the vascular niche. Therefore, we suggest an enhanced retention of HSCs in the vascular niche under the influence of estradiol, also proven by a decrease of HSCs in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of long-term growth hormone (GH) administration, which is known to increase bone mineral density and thereby influence the endosteal HSC microenvironment. We clearly showed increased HSC numbers in the vascular and the endosteal niche of wildtype mice after GH administration. Additionally, we proposed a Janus kinases/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (Jak/STAT)-signaling-dependent mechanism of GH in the endosteal niche. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the influences of GH in a conditionally-mutated mouse model (STAT5OB), where Jak/STAT signaling is disrupted in osteoblasts by the loss of STAT5. Unexpectedly, these mice showed increased numbers of HSCs in the endosteal niche and displayed strikingly enhanced endosteal HSC numbers after GH treatment compared to wildtype controls. Loss of STAT5 in osteoblasts led to strong activation of STAT3 and, in particular, STAT1, suggesting a compensatory mechanism. We proved that Jak/STAT signaling has an important role in the endosteal HSC niche, particularly for the mediation of GH effects. The strong activation of STAT3 and STAT1 correlated with the increased numbers of HSCs in the endosteal niche.
Direct and correlated responses to artificial selection on flight activity in the oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The ability of a sufficient number of individuals to disperse is crucial for long-term survival of populations. However, dispersal is often energetically costly, and thus is expected to trade-off against other life-history traits. In insect pest species, the occurrence of individuals with high flight activity challenges management practices. We performed artificial selection on flight activity and measured correlated responses to selection in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita (= Cydia) molesta, a widely distributed and expanding lepidopteran pest of fruit crops. Both sexes rapidly responded to the imposed regime of divergent selection, indicating an adaptive potential of flight activity in this species. Upward-selected moths died sooner than downward-selected ones, providing evidence for a cost of flight activity to adult survival, reputedly associated with enhanced metabolic rates. Oppositely-selected females had similar total reproductive output, disproving a trade-off between dispersal and reproduction, although females with higher flight activity laid their eggs sooner. The ratio of body weight to forewing surface (forewing loading) did not significantly differ between selected lines. The present study contributes to the understanding of dispersal evolution, and also provides new insights into life-history theory as well as important baseline data for the improvement of pest management practices. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 879‐889.
Effect of season on the fatty acid composition of the liver and muscle of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772) from Tödürge Lake (Sivas, Turkey)

Seasonal variations in the liver and muscle fatty acid composition of Alburnus chalcoides (Guldenstadt, 1772) from Todurge Lake (Sivas, Turkey) were determined. The most abundant fatty acids in the investigated seasons and tissues were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:1 n-7, C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3, and C22:6 n-3. The total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) of the liver and muscle were at the highest in the spring (38.59%) and summer (41.65%), respectively. The total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were at the highest in the autumn (51.79%) for liver and in the winter (40.04%) for muscle. The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were determined to be at the lowest levels in the autumn for the both liver and muscle. The lowest total n-6 PUFA levels were determined as 2.60% and 4.19% in the autumn for the liver and muscle, respectively, while the lowest total n-3 PUFA levels were 14.84% for the liver (autumn) and 22.60% for muscle (spring).
A Survey on Fish Diversity in Sungai Enam, Temenggor Lake, Perak

A survey was carried out to determine the fish diversity in Sungai Enam, Temenggor Lake, Perak, from the 1st to 3rd October of 2012. Three sampling sites possessing different altitude zones along the river were selected for this study. Fish sampling was carried for 12 hours per day for three consecutive days, while gill and scoop nets with the mesh size between 0.5 to 2.0 inches were used as the fishing equipments. The collected samples were preserved in 10% formalin solution and delivered to the laboratory for further identification. Ten fish species, namely as Hampala macrolepidota, Macrochirichthys macrochirus, Mystacoleucus marginatus, Rasbora sumatrana, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Osteochilus vittatus, Poropuntius smedleyi, Mystus nigriceps, Pristolepis fasciata and Oxyeleotris marmorata, comprising of four families were collected during this study. Fishes from the family of Cyprinidae were the highest recorded, with seven species, followed by only a single species from the family of Bagridae, Nandidae and Eleotridae. The presence of M. nigriceps and M. macrochirus were firstly reported in this area. It is concluded that the presence of various fish species in different altitude zones of Sungai Enam is indicative of very good water quality and its surrounding environment.
The effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications to Miscanthus×giganteus, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea, when grown as energy crops in Wales, UK

Two pot trials and one field trial were established to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications to energy crops grown in mid‐Wales. Chicken litter and sewage cake applied at a high level in excess of MAFF recommendations produced an increased yield response in Miscanthus and Arundo plants. Miscanthus plants exhibited an increased growth response to all fertilizers applied in its second year. Fertilizer applications in accordance with MAFF recommendations produced no significant differences in yields for Miscanthus or Arundo potted plants. In the field there was an increased yield response of Miscanthus to inorganic nitrogen applications compared with organic manures, but not with control plots. Analysis of the Miscanthus plant material at harvest showed significant differences in the nitrogen, potassium and copper content between treatments. No mineral content differences were shown for Miscanthus rhizome material or Arundo plant material. The Phalaris plants did not exhibit significant differences in growth or yield parameters, but their plant matter showed differences in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulphur and boron content between treatments.
Validation and identification of tumour endothelial markers and their uses in cancer vaccine

The abnormal tumour microenvironment, which is typically hypoxic, acidic and with poor blood flow, induces the endothelial expression of genes not found on normal microvessels. By selectively targeting these tumour endothelial markers (TEMs) it is possible to induce tumour regression, presenting a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention. Potential TEMs were predicted by bioinformatics data mining. Validation of these TEM candidates identified a novel TEM CLEC14A. Functional characterization suggests a regulatory role of CLEC14A in endothelial cell migration. Inhibition of endothelial migration by CLEC14A antisera or monoclonal antibody holds therapeutic promise for the treatment of cancer. Differential gene expression analysis of freshly isolated lung tumour endothelium by 2nd generation sequencing identified 13 putative TEMs. Subsequent validation work confirmed six of which to be expressed on lung tumour vasculature. Finally, a pre-validated marker, Robo4, was investigated as a cancer vaccine. A strong antibody response was induced by delivery of pure mouse Robo4 protein or a Robo4 conjugate. The in vivo sponge assay in Robo4 vaccinated mice showed a significant reduction in vessel invasion. Tumour implantation experiments in vaccinated mice showed a marked delay in tumour growth.
A Study on Antioxidant Capacities and Fatty Acid Compositions of Two Daphne Species from Turkey: New Sources of Antioxidants and Essential Fatty Acids

Daphne (Thymealaceae) species have been widely used in traditional Anatolian medicine. The antioxidant capacity and fatty acid composition of two Daphne taxa (D. oleoides subsp. oleoides and D. serica) were studied. The antioxidant properties of four solvent extracts of Daphne species were assessed using different chemical assays including phosphomolybdate assay, free radical-scavenging assay, β-carotene/linoleic acid test system, ferric and cupric reducing power. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts also were determined. Ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol extracts obtained from the Daphne species possess strong antioxidant potential. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the studied oils were the highest level in the fatty acid components. Essential fatty acids accounted for 27.46–45.31% of total fatty acids. These results indicated that the extracts of studied Daphne taxa can be exploited as a source of natural antioxidants and essential fatty acids in pharmacological and food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Members of the genus Daphne have been of great interest owing to their excellent medicinal value. The aim of this study was to discuss antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts and fatty acid composition of two Daphne species. Different chemical assays were performed to antioxidant capacities of the extracts. The results of our in vitro study suggested that the Daphne extracts could be considered as a source of natural antioxidants and essential fatty acids for medicinal and commercial uses.
Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation of Brinjal with cry1F Gene for Resistance against Shoot and Fruit Borer

Fruit and shoot borer is a major pest in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), causing 60%–70% yield losses even after repeated insecticidal sprays. To reduce yield losses caused by this insect, transgenic plants expressing cry1F gene driven by the CaMV35S promoter were developed in four brinjal cultivars, viz., ‘Manjarigota’, ‘Ruchira’, ‘Poona selection’, and ‘Krishna kathi’. The kanamycin concentration was standardized and 50 mg/l was found to be optimum based on lethality of the explants. Cultivar ‘Ruchira’ exhibited highest (19.8%) transformation efficiency. Agrobacterium concentration of 0.2 at optical density600 (OD600) was found to be optimum. Highest transformation efficiency was obtained using 7-day-old shoot tip explants, which were pre-cultured for 2 days on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2 mg/1 benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg/1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Explants were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium for 3 days, and then transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/1 BAP, 0.1 mg/1 IAA, 50 mg/l kanamycin, 250 mg/l cephotaxime, and 250 mg/l carbenicillin. These explants were maintained for 4–5 weeks. Rooting was done on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Selected kanamycin-resistant putatively transformed brinjal lines were evaluated via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of expected 1900 bp size fragment with cry1F gene-specific primers. These transgenic lines may be effectively used for controlling fruit and shoot borer in brinjal.
The Malesian species of Gastonia (Araliaceae)

Only two species of Gastonia occur in Malesia, but each has a complex taxonomie history. The species which became known first, G. papuana Miq. , is evidently an uncommon plant of coastal and lowland forest, but with a very wide range. It has been collected only once, or at most a few times, from each of many islands of the Malayan Archipelago and once from the mainland of the Peninsula. Most of these collections were made in the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries. Only in western New Guinea has this species been collected in more recent times within our area. The distribution of this species shows several disjunctions, the most striking being that between West Irian and its only known locality in the extreme east of the Solomon Islands. It is interesting that this gap corresponds with the distributional range of the second species, G. spectabilis (Harms) Philipson, which overlaps that of G. papuana only in the west of New Guinea (fig. 1). The widely dispersed range of G. papuana has resulted in its being described as several distinct species from different parts of its range. It was first named in 1863, when three names appeared in two genera. Miquel (1863) applied the names Tetraplasandra paucidens and Gastonia papuana to this species, and Teysmann and Binnendijk (1863) described it as Tetraplasandra eupteronoides. I am grateful to Professor van Steenis for information on the sequence of publication of these names. Miquel’s publication was issued on 2 July 1863 (Stafleu, 1967). A report in volume 27 of the ‘Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie’ states that volume 25 was issued in six instalments, the first of which appeared in 1862. The five remaining parts appeared in 1863. Professor van Steenis has examined the publication and concludes that page 416, on which the name T. eupteronoides appeared, belongs to the final instalment, and must therefore have been issued late in 1863, and in any event later than July. For this reason, Miquel’s names take precedence over that of Teysmann & Binnendijk. Of Miquel’s two names, I have chosen to use that which he placed in Gastonia. In this way the need for a new combination is avoided. As can be seen from its synonymy this species was described from other islands by subsequent authors.