Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Stresses Over Conjugate Faults in Hjalli‐Ölfus, South Iceland

Hjalli‐Ölfus is the westernmost segment of the east‐west transform South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ), which is the eastward extension of the ∼ENE‐trending transtensional Reykjanes Peninsula (RP). Historically, the area has shown an interactive behavior with the Hengill volcanic system to the north and the central SISZ to the east. We analyzed the state of stress and faulting mechanisms in Hjalli‐Ölfus between July 1991 and December 1999, in connection with the Hengill inflation episode (Feigl et al., 2000, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900209) and the 13th November 1998 Mw 5.1 Hjalli‐Ölfus earthquake. We find that this region predominantly hosted oblique‐normal and left‐lateral strike‐slip events (4–10 km‐depth), with most nodal planes oriented along ∼ENE or ∼WSW directions (75° ± 15° or 255° ± 15°). We identify 5 stages of stress evolution from January 1991 to December 1999 over which Hjalli‐Ölfus experiences both spatial and temporal shifts in stress‐states. The Hengill inflation likely loaded both the fissure zone and western Ölfus, culminating in the Mw 5.4 (Hengill) and Mw 5.1 (Hjalli‐Ölfus) earthquakes. Following these events, the maximum compressive stress (SHmax) orientation near the location of the Mw 5.1 earthquake showed a ∼5°–7° counterclockwise swing, compared to SHmax before June 1998. The average SHmax (∼40° ± 1°) and minimum principal stress ( σ3 ${\sigma }_{3}$ ∼ 130° ± 1°) are comparable to geological trends in the RP. We conclude that Hjalli‐Ölfus shows clockwise SHmax rotation upon loading, while a stress‐drop reverses the rotation. We also posit that the region, especially the western end, behaves like the RP during interseismic periods.
The Detection of Dental Pathologies on Periapical Radiographs—Results from a Reliability Study

(1) Background: Caries, periapical lesions, periodontal bone loss (PBL), and endo-perio lesions are common dental findings that require an accurate diagnostic assessment to allow appropriate disease management. The purpose of this reliability study was to compare the inter- and intra-rater reliability for the detection of the above-mentioned pathologies on periapical radiographs. (2) Methods: Fourteen dentists (three with more than two years and eleven with less than two years of work experience) participated in a training workshop prior to data acquisition. A total of 150 radiographs were assessed by all raters in two rounds. Cohen’s Kappa (CK) values and a binary logistic regression were calculated. (3) Results: The reliability was found in a moderate and substantial range of agreement: caries (mean inter-rater CK value/first round 0.704/mean inter-rater CK value/second round 0.659/mean intra-rater CK value 0.778), periapical lesions (0.643/0.611/0.768), PBL (0.454/0.482/0.739) and endo-perio lesion (0.702/0.689/0.840). The regression model revealed a significant influence of the clinical experience, and furthermore, periapical pathologies and PBL were identified less reliably in comparison to caries and endo-perio lesions. (4) Conclusions: The dentist’s ability to detect the chosen pathologies was linked with significant differences. Periapical lesions and PBL were identified less reliably than caries and endo-perio lesions.
A Search for Bound Satellite Populations around Central Dominant Galaxies in Clusters

Using radial velocities for over 1400 galaxies in 46 clusters, a search has been made for evidence of a population of low velocity cluster members that may be in the throes of merging with the central dominant galaxies in these systems. As a supplement to the existing body of galaxy redshifts, 124 new velocity measurements for galaxies in the centers of 13 of those clusters were obtained. Distribution free and robust statistical methods have been developed to search the dataset for evidence of a low-velocity satellite population around the central galaxy in these clusters. These tests show that the best estimate for the fraction of cluster members projected within 20/h kpc of a central dominant galaxy that constitute a bound population is only 5 percent. 53 refs.
Metabolic profile tests in high yielding normal cows and in cows suffering from abomasal displacement

In high yielding dairy cows, the determination of the ketone bodies in blood and urine for evaluation of the energy state, is not always a reliable method, though it can be helpful in dairy herd health management. Determination of Ca and Mg may also be a guide for eventual supplementation in pre- and post-partum diet. Cows suffering from abomasal dislocation were found to be in a state of insulin resistance of which the causes need further investigation.
Behaviour of rarefied gas flow near the junction of a suddenly expanding tube

Abstract This paper presents an experimental study of isothermal rarefied gas flow through a tube with sudden expansion in the slip flow regime. The measurements reported here are for nitrogen flowing at low pressures in conventional tubes with sudden expansion area ratios of 1.48, 3.74, 12.43 and 64. The flow is dynamically similar to gas flow in a microchannel as the Knudsen number $(0. 0001\lt \mathit{Kn}\lt 0. 075)$ falls in the slip flow regime; the Reynolds number in the smaller section ( ${\mathit{Re}}_{s} $ ) ranges between 0.2 and 837. The static pressure along the wall is measured for different mass flow rates controlled by a mass flow controller and analysed to understand the flow behaviour. The velocity profiles are obtained through a momentum balance and using the pressure measurements. A discontinuity in the slope of pressure at the sudden expansion junction is noted and given special attention. The absence of flow separation is another key feature observed from the measurements. The streamlines are found to be concave near the junction. It is demonstrated that the flow ‘senses’ the oncoming sudden expansion junction and starts adjusting itself much before reaching the junction; this interesting behaviour is attributed to an increased axial momentum diffusion and wall slip. The additional acceleration of the central core of the gas flow causes an increase in the wall shear stress and a larger pressure drop as compared with a straight tube. These results are not previously available and should help in improving understanding of gaseous slip flows.
Association between Secondhand Smoke and Allergic Diseases in Korean Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2019 KYRBS

This study aimed to determine whether secondhand smoking (SHS) in adolescents is associated with allergic diseases. Data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used (N = 37,848 Korean adolescents: 19,114 boys and 18,734 girls). This study assessed SHS exposure using questionnaire data, which included information, such as exposure to SHS and allergic diseases. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between exposure to SHS and allergic diseases. The results showed that exposure to SHS in schools and public places, exposure for 1–3 days (OR = 1.158, 95% CI, 1.077–1.246), 4–6 days (OR = 1.308, 95% CI, 1.190–1.438), and everyday (OR = 1.306, 95% CI, 1.187–1.437), and exposure in one, two, or three places were significantly associated with allergic diseases (one OR = 1.226, 95% CI, 1.169–1.128, two OR = 1.289, 95% CI, 1.222–1.360 and three OR = 1.282, 95% CI, 1.177–1.395). The present results show that exposure to SHS occurs in various places and at various frequencies, and it is associated with allergic diseases in Korean adolescents.
Optimal Weight Models for Ferroelectric Synapses Toward Neuromorphic Computing

Ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs) as artificial synapses have attracted great interests in neuromorphic computing. To enable the applications, the electrical response of FeFETs is required to map into the neural network via a weight model. However, the mapping strategy is less studied. Herein, we put forth an alternative symmetric nonlinearity model (S-N model) to map the symmetric conductance response of FeFETs. Based on the finely tuned metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulator-semiconductor (MFMIS) structures, FeFETs achieve nearly 7-bit states with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${G}_{\text {max}}/{G}_{\text {min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> when applied with 40-ns-width incremental amplitude pulses. By invoking the proposed S-N model, global states of raw conductance are fully accessed without any loss. Comparing with the conventional asymmetric nonlinearity model (A-N model), the optimized mapping method helps deep neural network (DNN) to implement a higher recognition accuracy of 94.1% (with cycle-to-cycle variation of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>1.79%). These results offer a modeling perspective for promoting the realization of FeFETs-based high-density and efficient neuromorphic systems.
Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Composition of Wood-Aged Beers: Influence of Oak Origin and the Use of Pale and Dark Malts

Ageing beer in contact with wood is a common technological procedure that has been used for centuries to improve colour, structure, and certain flavours. Herein, the impact of the addition of French and American oak wood to two beer styles, pale and dark, on beer phenolic composition (total phenolics, total flavonoids, and HPLC-DAD) and bioactivity (FRAP, DPPH, anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7, and antiproliferative in Caco-2 cells) was assessed. Thirteen phenolics were quantified with values according to previous reports. Dark malt resulted in higher values of total phenolics, to which m-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, p-coumaric acids, and xanthohumol contributed considerably; the exception was (+)-catechin and salicylic acid, which were found to be higher in pale beers. American oak significantly increased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic, vanillic, and syringic acids up to roughly 3, 2, and 10 times, respectively, when compared with French wood. FRAP and DPPH values varied between pale and dark beers, with a less pronounced effect after wood addition. All samples presented considerable cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory as well as antiproliferative activity, but differences were found only for the antiproliferative activity, which was higher for the dark beers, which reached about 70% inhibition. Overall, the influence of malts was more pronounced than that of wood, in the studied conditions, highlighting the overwhelming impact of malts on the bioactivity of beer.
Influence of Anesthetics on Cardiac Index and Metabolic Outcomes in Mitral and Aortic Valve Replacement in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Study

Background Cardiac index (CI) and metabolic response to surgery are important indicators of the course of the intraoperative period. Objectives This study aimed to determine the effect of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and propofol on CI and metabolic outcomes during aortic and mitral valve replacement in adults. Methods In this single-center prospective randomized controlled clinical study, a total of 75 patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups according to the type of anesthesia: The propofol group (n = 25), the sevoflurane group (n = 25), and the isoflurane group (n = 25). Cardiac stroke volume (SV) was determined by intraesophageal echocardiography (SV = end-diastolic volume – end-systolic volume). Cardiac output (CO) and CI were calculated according to the formulas. Oxygen consumption during surgery = CI × arteriovenous difference. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine energy expenditure during anesthesia using a spirometry device. Results The use of anesthetics did not change CI. Cardiac index decreased from 3 to 2.9 L/min/m2 in the propofol group, increased from 3.1 to 3.2 L/min/m2 in the sevoflurane group, and decreased from 2.9 to 2.7 L/min/m2 in the isoflurane group. Compared to inhaled anesthetics, propofol significantly reduced VO2 from 179.1 to 135.7 mL/min/m2. Propofol reduced energy expenditure from 1483.7 to 1333.5 kcal. Conclusions Volatile anesthetics, propofol has practically no effect on CI in an uncomplicated surgery. Anesthesia with propofol is associated with lower VO2 and better oxygen delivery to tissues. Energy consumption during propofol anesthesia decreases.
Super-resolution and uncertainty estimation from sparse sensors of dynamical physical systems

The goal of this study is to leverage emerging machine learning (ML) techniques to develop a framework for the global reconstruction of system variables from potentially scarce and noisy observations and to explore the epistemic uncertainty of these models. This work demonstrates the utility of exploiting the stochasticity of dropout and batch normalization schemes to infer uncertainty estimates of super-resolved field reconstruction from sparse sensor measurements. A Voronoi tessellation strategy is used to obtain a structured-grid representation from sensor observations, thus enabling the use of fully convolutional neural networks (FCNN) for global field estimation. An ensemble-based approach is developed using Monte-Carlo batch normalization (MCBN) and Monte-Carlo dropout (MCD) methods in order to perform approximate Bayesian inference over the neural network parameters, which facilitates the estimation of the epistemic uncertainty of predicted field values. We demonstrate these capabilities through numerical experiments that include sea-surface temperature, soil moisture, and incompressible near-surface flows over a wide range of parameterized flow configurations.
Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality

Background and aims Daily kiwifruit (KF) consumption has been associated with improved sleep quality, but underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. This study examined acute effects of fresh and dried green KF, compared with a water control, on sleep quality, mood, and urinary serotonin and melatonin metabolite concentrations. Methods 24 men (age: 29 ± 1 years, body mass index: 24 ± 1 kg/m2) with poor (n = 12) or good (n = 12) sleep quality participated in a randomized, single-blind crossover study. One of three treatments was consumed with a standardized evening meal; (1) the flesh of two fresh green KF, (2) dried green KF powder (including skin; equivalent to dry matter of two fresh KF) mixed with water, or (3) a water control, in their own home. Subjective and objective sleep quality, mood, waking urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), vitamin C and B-vitamin concentrations were determined. Results Regardless of sleep quality group, compared to control, morning sleepiness, alertness upon awakening, and vigor were improved (p < 0.05) after dried KF consumption. Compared to control, both fresh and dried KF treatments tended (p < 0.1) toward improved esteem and total mood disturbance. Both KF treatments increased (fresh +1.56 ± 0.4 ng/g, p = 0.001; dried: +1.30 ± 0.4 ng/g, p = 0.004) urinary concentration of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA compared to the control (4.32 ± 0.4 ng/g). In poor sleepers, ease of awakening improved by 24% after dried KF consumption (p = 0.005) and tended to improve by 13% after fresh KF intake (p = 0.052) compared to the control. Good sleepers tended toward 9% improved ratings of getting to sleep with fresh KF (p = 0.053) compared to the control. Poor sleepers had lower amounts of some B-vitamins compared to good sleepers (p < 0.05). Conclusion Consumption of dried or fresh KF with a standard evening meal, was associated with improved aspects of sleep quality and mood, possibly mediated through changes in serotonin metabolism. Clinical trial registration [www.anzctr. org.au], identifier [ACTRN12621000046808]. Graphical Abstract
Divisibility of Direct Sums in Torsion Theories

Given a hereditary torsion theory on the category Mod R of right R-modules we obtain in this paper necessary and sufficient conditions for the direct sum of a given family of R-modules to be divisible for the torsion theory . Using this criterion we show that if is a family of R-modules having the property that is divisible for every countable subset K ol J then is itself divisible.
The Cumulative Effects of Colorism: Race, Wealth, and Skin Tone

Abstract:Researchers have long documented a persistent Black–White gap in wealth. These studies, however, often treat race as a discrete category, eluding its socially constructed nature. As a result, these studies assume that the "effect of race" is consistent across all individuals racialized as Black. Studies that make this assumption potentially obscure heterogeneity in the size of the Black–White wealth gap. Research on skin color stratification suggests that it is possible that the Black–White wealth gap varies by the extent to which a racial subgroup is deemed to fit the broader racial umbrella. In turn, I adopt a more complex operationalization of race that is based on both racial and skin tone appraisals. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, I find that the Black–White wealth gap does vary by the Black skin tone subgroup. Generally, the Black–White gap in assets is smallest when focusing on lighter-skin Black people and largest when focusing on darker-skin Black people. These differences are not only the result of initial disadvantage but also cumulative disadvantage in the rate of wealth accumulation. Lastly, the findings suggest that the Black–White wealth gaps grow at a faster rate than the skin tone wealth gaps. I found that differences were robust to adjustments for parental socioeconomic status, childhood background, and interviewer characteristics. I conclude by discussing the theoretical implications for our understanding of the mechanisms undergirding Black–White disparities in wealth attainment.
Determination of Magnetic Structures in Magnetic Microwires with Longitudinally Distributed Magnetic Anisotropy

We studied the magnetic properties of a glass-covered amorphous microwire that was stress-annealed at temperatures distributed along the microwire length. The Sixtus-Tonks, Kerr effect microscopy and magnetic impedance techniques have been applied. There was a transformation of the magnetic structure across the zones subjected to annealing at different temperatures. The annealing temperature distribution induces the graded magnetic anisotropy in the studied sample. The variety of the surface domain structures depending on the longitudinal location has been discovered. Spiral, circular, curved, elliptic and longitudinal domain structures coexist and replace each other in the process of magnetization reversal. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out based on the calculations of the magnetic structure, assuming the distribution of internal stresses.
Identification of Neotropical Culex Mosquitoes by MALDI-TOF MS Profiling

The mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna of French Guiana encompasses 242 species, of which nearly half of them belong to the genus Culex. Whereas several species of Culex are important vectors of arboviruses, only a limited number of studies focus on them due to the difficulties to morphologically identify field-caught females. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been reported as a promising method for the identification of mosquitoes. Culex females collected in French Guiana were morphologically identified and dissected. Abdomens were used for molecular identification using the COI (cytochrome oxidase 1) gene. Legs and thorax of 169 specimens belonging to 13 Culex species, (i.e., Cx. declarator, Cx. nigripalpus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. usquatus, Cx. adamesi, Cx. dunni, Cx. eastor, Cx. idottus, Cx. pedroi, Cx. phlogistus, Cx. portesi, Cx. rabanicolus and Cx. spissipes) were then submitted to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. A high intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity of MS spectra for each mosquito body part tested were obtained. A corroboration of the specimen identification was revealed between MALDI-TOF MS, morphological and molecular results. MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling proves to be a suitable tool for identification of neotropical Culex species and will permit the enhancement of knowledge on this highly diverse genus.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Diagnosis in Madrid (Spain) Based on the RTMAD Tumor Registry (2019–2021)

Simple Summary The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption to cancer diagnosis, treatment and prevention. According to standardized incidence ratios, the large volume of undetected cancer cases related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Madrid has not returned yet to the reference levels. Breast and lung cancer screening programs have recovered completely, but other very prevalent malignancies including colorectal, prostate or bladder cancer still remain severely impacted. These figures may have serious consequences in the future regarding both cancer control and survival. In order to mitigate the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic strategies to recover the backlog of diagnoses need be considered. Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a significant disruption to cancer diagnosis, treatment and prevention worldwide that could have serious consequences in the near future. We intend to evaluate the weight of this backlog on a community-wide scale in Madrid during the period 2020–2021, and whether a stage shift towards the advanced stage has occurred. Cancer diagnoses in the Madrid tumor registry (RTMAD) from 2019–2021 were evaluated. Absolute and percentage differences in annual volume and observed-to-expected (O/E) volume ratios were calculated. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the O/E ratio. The SIR for 2020–2021 compared to 2019 was 94.5% (95% CI 93.8–95.3), with unequal gender-specific cancer diagnosis recovery (88.5% for males and 102.1% for females). Most cancer types were underdiagnosed in 2020. The tendency worsened in 2021 for colorectal and prostate cancers (87.8%), but lung cancer recovered (102.1%) and breast cancer was over-diagnosed (114.4%) compared with reference pre-COVID-19 data. These changes have modified the ranking of the most frequent malignancies diagnosed in Madrid. Breast cancer has overtaken colorectal and prostate cancers, displaced to second and third position, respectively. Not only was colorectal cancer diagnosis affected more as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic but diagnosis of this malignancy at the advance stage also increased by 3.6% in 2020 and 4.2% in 2021 compared to the reference period of 2019. In summary, there is a large volume of undetected cancer in Madrid caused by the reduced access to care secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially regarding colorectal and prostate cancer. Strategies are needed to recover the backlog of diagnoses and effectively treat these cases in the future and solve the negative impact that will be caused by the diagnostic delay. Analyzing the impact of new diagnoses suffered by each different malignancy and their recovery will help to understand how the future allocation of resources should look.