Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multipulse and double‐pulse velocities of Scandinavian Twin Auroral Radar Experiment (STARE) echoes

The Scandinavian Twin Auroral Radar Experiment (STARE) coherent radars are a powerful instrument for studying auroral zone plasma convection. In recent years the STARE radars have been collecting both double‐pulse (DP) and multipulse (MP) data to measure the Doppler velocity of auroral echoes. We assess here DP‐MP measurements for eight events covering 28 hours of operation. More often, there is a reasonable agreement between the DP and MP velocities. Exceptions are afternoon‐evening observations for which the Finland radar DP velocity is nearly half the MP velocity obtained through fitting of the autocorrelation function of a received signal (ACF‐FIT), although the DP and MP1 (first lag) velocities are in reasonable agreement. We demonstrate that for periods with strong differences between the DP and MP ACF‐FIT velocities the spectra are strongly asymmetric, and the phase angle–lag number dependence is nonlinear with a slower rate of angle increase at small‐number lags (<3) and a faster rate of angle increase at larger‐number lags. Contrary to the DP velocity, the MP ACF‐FIT velocity (obtained in some cases without one or two first‐lag data) is fairly close to the spectral power peak and power‐weighted (over spectrum) velocity. In an attempt to understand the DP‐MP velocity differences, we consider the role of the asymmetry of observed spectra and show that it can explain the discrepancies but only partially. As another potentially important effect, we consider the possibility of weak, but not negligible, cross‐range correlation between the signals coming from the target and aliasing volumes that are closely spaced for the current STARE mode of operation.
MAGNETIC ENERGY BUILDUP FOR RELATIVISTIC MAGNETAR GIANT FLARES

Motivated by coronal mass ejection studies, we construct general relativistic models of a magnetar magnetosphere endowed with strong magnetic fields. The equilibrium states of the stationary, axisymmetric magnetic fields in the magnetar magnetosphere are obtained as solutions of the Grad–Shafranov equation in a Schwarzschild spacetime. To understand the magnetic energy buildup in the magnetar magnetosphere, a generalized magnetic virial theorem in the Schwarzschild metric is newly derived. We carefully address the question whether the magnetar magnetospheric magnetic field can build up sufficient magnetic energy to account for the work required to open up the magnetic field during magnetar giant flares. We point out the importance of the Aly–Sturrock constraint, which has been widely studied in solar corona mass ejections, as a reference state in understanding magnetar energy storage processes. We examine how the magnetic field can possess enough energy to overcome the Aly–Sturrock energy constraint and open up. In particular, general relativistic (GR) effects on the Aly–Sturrock energy constraint in the Schwarzschild spacetime are carefully investigated. It is found that, for magnetar outbursts, the Aly–Sturrock constraint is more stringent, i.e., the Aly–Sturrock energy threshold is enhanced due to the GR effects. In addition, neutron stars with greater mass have a higher Aly–Sturrock energy threshold and are more difficult to erupt. This indicates that magnetars are probably not neutron stars with extreme mass. For a typical neutron star with mass of 1–2 M☉, we further explore the cross-field current effects, caused by the mass loading, on the possibility of stored magnetic field energy exceeding the Aly–Sturrock threshold.
Inculcating Generic Skills in the Technical Higher Education Institutions (Theis) for Youth Employment Opportunities in Tanzania

The Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) take initiatives and measures towards contributing to the production of enterprising graduates with generic skills for employment opportunities. However, the HEIs are blamed for producing graduates who fail to meet employment demands in the labour market. This contradiction brought forth this study to assess inculcating generic skills for employment opportunities in Tanzania. It specifically addressed questions such as to what extent the graduates are inculcated with generic skills? what is the relationship between pursued course programmes and the generic skills’ knowledge; and what is the relationship between generic skills and youth employment opportunities among the graduates in the Technical Higher Education Institutions (THEIs)? The data were collected using a questionnaire from 300 THEIs’ graduates sampled through a stratified random sampling technique. The collected data analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and Simultaneous Multiple Linear Regressions. The findings show that the majority of the surveyed graduates were inculcated with generic skills to a small extent when pursuing their respective programmes in the THEIs. Although the pursued programmes had statistical significance on the knowledge of generic skills, still the same graduates lacked adequate generic skills. Finally, the generic skills were found to have positive and significant relationship with employment opportunities. The THEIs should therefore revise their curricula for inculcating generic skills adequately to their students leading to employment opportunities.
International Journal of Instruction

The evaluation should be performed to ensure the effectiveness, efficiency, and positive impact of the learning process for students. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to evaluate the application of e-learning towards the benefits, satisfaction, and impact on students in engineering education. This study employed the quantitative approach in which samples of 504 engineering education students as the study using a saturated sampling method. Furthermore, data were collected through a questionnaire using a Likert scale, and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis techniques were applied to test the measurement model of the research questions. The results showed that the Context, Input, and Process components of E-learning were categorized in a very good category, while the Product component was included in a good category. The findings are supported by empirical data, with a statistical T value > 1.96 and a P-value < 0.05. Furthermore, the effects of e-learning towards the benefits, satisfaction, and impacts are all positively significant directly and indirectly. In summary, it can be said that e-learning can be an effective educational tool to support students in the learning process as well as a means of communication between students and lecturers.
Diagnosis and Evaluation of Patent Foramen Ovale in the Era of Device Therapy: A Mini Review

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) causes cryptogenic stroke. Recently, device therapy has become widespread to prevent recurrent cerebral infarction caused by PFO. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the diagnosis of PFO and likelihood of cryptogenic stroke being related to PFO. This review summarizes the current diagnosis and evaluation of PFO.
Exploring Changes in New Teacher Self-Efficacy

4 Review of the Literature. 8 Self-Efficacy Framework. 8 Impact of Self-Efficacy on Beliefs and Behaviors. 10 Stress and Coping Strategies. 10 Instructional Decisions.12 Perceptions of Instructional Quality. 14 Students’ Attitudes, Motivation, and Achievement. 15 Self-Efficacy Patterns in First-Year Teachers. 15 Self-Efficacy and Mentorship. 16 Need for Further Research. 19 Methods.20 Participants. 20 Mentoring Framework. 20 Ethical Considerations. 22 Measures. 24 Procedures. 26 Results. 29 Hypothesis One. 29 Hypothesis Two. 29 Student Engagement. 30 Instructional Strategies.30 Classroom Management.30 Discussion. 31 Summary of Major Findings. 31 Hypothesis One. 31 Hypothesis Two. 32 Limitations and Further Study. 34 Conclusion. 38 References. 40 EXPLORING CHANGES IN NEW TEACHER SELF-EFFICACY 3 Appendix A. 48 Appendix B. 51 Appendix C. 55 EXPLORING CHANGES IN NEW TEACHER SELF-EFFICACY 4
Star formation activities of galaxies in the large-scale structures at z = 1.2

Recent wide-field imaging observations of the X-ray luminous cluster RDCS J1252.9-2927 at z = 1.24 uncovered several galaxy groups that appear to be embedded in filamentary structure extending from the cluster core. We make a spectroscopic study of the galaxies in these groups using GMOS on Gemini-South and FORS2 on VLT with the aim of determining if these galaxies are physically associated to the cluster. We find that three groups contain galaxies at the cluster redshift and that they are probably bound to the cluster. This is the first confirmation of filamentary structure as traced by galaxy groups at z > 1. We then use several spectral features in the FORS2 spectra to determine the star formation histories of group galaxies. We find a population of relatively red star-forming galaxies in the groups that are absent from the cluster core. While similarly red star forming galaxies can also be found in the field, the average strength of the Hδ line is systematically weaker in group galaxies. Interestingly, these groups at z = 1.2 are in an environment in which the on-going build-up of red sequence is happening. The unusual line strengths can be explained by star formation that is heavily obscured by dust. We hypothesize that galaxy-galaxy interactions, which is more efficient in the group environment, is the mechanism that drives these dust obscured star formation. The hypothesis can be tested by obtaining spectral observations in the near-IR, high resolution imaging observations and observations in the mid-IR.
Solution processed polymer light emitting diode with vanadium‐oxide doped PEDOT:PSS

We studied the solution processed vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) doping effect in PEDOT:PSS for use in hole injection layer (HIL), and as a result, V2O5 doped PEDOT:PSS improved the performance of polymer light‐emitting diode (PLED) significantly. The improvement is related to the increased conductivity of PEDOT:PSS by V2O5 doping. This improvement enhances hole injection into the emission layer, and it will improve the charge balance. The PLED with PEDOT:PSS HIL and super yellow polymer has maximum current and power efficiencies of 12.01 cd A−1 and 9.67 lm W−1, respectively. On the other hand, the device with V2O5 (10:1) doped PEDOT:PSS indicates the maximum current and power efficiencies of 15.12 cd A−1 and 12.66 lm W−1, respectively, indicating that the efficiencies increase over 20% compared to the control device. The leakage currents of the PLED decrease to ∼10% of the control PLED. Note also that V2O5 suppressed the diffusion of indium from anode to PEDOT:PSS, and also prevented the acidic damage from sulfate ions of PEDOT:PSS to IZO and active layer.
In vitro assessment of garlic ( Allium sativum ) powder as feed additive on nutrient utilization efficiency in Marwari goats

The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the beneficial properties and optimum level of incorporation of Garlic powder in the diet of Marwari Goats by using in vitro analysis technique. Five treatment groups of dewbean straw based complete feeds i.e. T 0 , T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 considered in the study were composed with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of Garlic powder level for in vitro studies. The results indicated a significant ( p< 0.01) linear increase in the values of in vitro digestibilities and gas production with increasing levels of Garlic powder in the complete feed. It can be concluded that Garlic powder might be used as feed additive in dewbean straw based complete feed. Further, supplementation of Garlic powder at 1.5% level of complete feed was optimum level of incorporation.
NRR_A_380630 177..189

Background: The difference in nursing care quality by institution has implications for both the organization and its clients. Though disparities in patient satisfaction, which is an interpersonal patient outcome with nursing care, have been reported between public and private hospitals, there has been little research on the study area. Objective: To compare the level of patients’ satisfaction towards nursing care services among adult inpatients at Jimma Medical Center, and Oda Hulle hospital Jimma, southwest Ethiopia 2021. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study design was used among 431 patients of Jimma medical center and Oda Hulle hospital from May 3 to July 3, 2021, using a systematic random sampling technique. The Newcastle scale of satisfaction was used to collect data, which was then entered into Epidata 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. We used descriptive and logistic regression analysis. Results: Patient satisfaction at public and private hospitals was reported 54.2% (95% CI: 52.9–59.3) and 57.1% (95% CI: 55.2–61.7), respectively. In public hospital, the patient satisfaction was affected by being in the age group of 41–50 years (P = 0.006, AOR = 3), duration of stay in the ward (P = 0.002, AOR = 0.42,), cleanliness of the ward (P = 0.018, AOR = 1.8,), and admission history (P = 0.049, AOR = 0.60,). In private hospital (Oda Hulle), the patient satisfaction was affected by history of admission (P = 0.035, OR = 0.456), ward space (p = 0.007, AOR = 2.8), the perceived capacity of nurses (P = 0.002, AOR = 5.8) to pharmacy services (P = 0.032, AOR = 2.3,). Conclusion: Relatively the patient satisfaction towards nursing care in public hospital was lower compared to the private hospital, though no statistical difference (p = 0.225) observed. Illness history, cleanliness of the ward, Nurses make adequate visits and get their support when needed, Adequacy of ward space, the perceived capacity of nurses, and Access to pharmacy services were positively associated with patient satisfaction.
Application of GAM additive non-linear models to estimate real estate market value

Generalized additive models (Generalized Additive Models – GAM) have a relatively short history, and hence their use is difficult. Although Hastie and Tibshirani [1] and Schimek [3] provide a detailed interpretation of them, yet in professional practice these methods were not used. In the literature for valuers there was not found a single citation for the application of GAM models. The most characteristic for generalized additive models of data analysis is a graph of the expected values and sub-rests, thanks to it we can see the final match of cubic (third degree curve) concatenated to the final model. Residual statistics as in other methods allow us to assess the quality of the fit and predict stand-off values. Developers often use non-linear estimation by calculating the relationship between the price of a property and the time needed to sell it. A linear relationship is assumed a priori in multiple regression analysis of variance. Nonlinear estimation allows the optimal choice of function which binds variables and appoints parameters. This may be, among others, a function: logarithmic, exponential, or being the product of independent variables. Linear function is relatively simple to interpret, in contrast to the nonlinear function where predictors are smoothed by the function of the third degree, which allows for a better fit of the model to follow. Hastie and Tibshirani (1990) suggest that R-square value, calculated as a relative improvement of the overall variance for the final model, was considered as a measure of fit of the model. To the presented subject there can be formulated the following argument: Non-parametric GAM models has allowed an extensive analysis of the real estate market, together with an indication of the boundary conditions for the analyzed parameters of the wider housing market environment.
Truthing the stretch: Non-perturbative cosmological realizations with multiscale spherical collapse

Here we present a simple, parameter-free, non-perturbative algorithm that gives low-redshift cosmological particle realizations accurate to few-Megaparsec scales, called MUSCLE (MUltiscale Spherical ColLapse Evolution). It has virtually the same cost as producing N-body-simulation initial conditions, since it works with the 'stretch' parameter {\psi}, the Lagrangian divergence of the displacement field. It promises to be useful in quickly producing mock catalogs, and to simplify computationally intensive reconstructions of galaxy surveys. MUSCLE applies a spherical-collapse prescription on multiple Gaussian-smoothed scales. It achieves higher accuracy than perturbative schemes (Zel'dovich and 2LPT), and, by including the void-in-cloud process (voids in large-scale collapsing regions), solves problems with a single-scale spherical-collapse scheme. Slight further improvement is possible by mixing in the 2LPT estimate on large scales. Additionally, we show the behavior of {\psi} for different morphologies (voids, walls, filaments, and haloes). A Python code to produce these realizations is available at this http URL
Satellite (GOSAT-2 CAI-2) retrieval and surface (ARFINET) observations of aerosol black carbon over India

Abstract. Light-absorbing black carbon (BC) aerosols strongly affect Earth's radiation budget and climate. This paper presents satellite retrieval of BC over India based on observations from the Cloud and Aerosol Imager-2 (CAI-2) on board the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite-2 (GOSAT-2). To evaluate and validate the satellite retrievals, near-surface BC mass concentrations measured across the Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India NETwork (ARFINET) of aerosol observatories are used. Then the findings are extended to elucidate global BC features. The analysis reveals that this satellite retrieval clearly demonstrates the regional and seasonal features of BC over the Indian region, similarly to those recorded by surface observations. Validation and closure studies between the two datasets show RMSE < 1 and absolute difference below 2 µg m−3 for > 60 % of simultaneous observations, exhibiting good associations for December, January, and February (R of approximately 0.73) and March, April, and May (R approx. 0.76). Over the hotspot regions of India, satellite retrievals show a soot volume fraction of approx. 5 %, columnar single-scattering albedo of approx. 0.8, and BC column optical depth of approx. 0.1 during times of the highest BC loading, which are comparable to other in situ and satellite measurements. In terms of global spatiotemporal variation, satellite retrievals show higher BC occurring mostly in areas where biomass burning is intense. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of satellite retrieval of BC, which can be used effectively for the regular monitoring of BC loading attributable to vehicular, industrial, or biomass burning activities.
The Aharonov–Bohm effect and time-dependent inverse scattering theory

We study the Aharonov–Bohm effect from the point of view of time-dependent inverse scattering theory. As this three-dimensional problem is invariant under translations along the vertical axis, it reduces to a problem in 2. We first consider an unshielded magnetic field that has a singular part produced by a tiny solenoid and a regular part. The wavefunction is zero at the location of the solenoid. We then consider the case where the singular part of the magnetic field is shielded inside a cylinder whose transverse section is a compact set K, and there is also a regular magnetic field. In this case the magnetic field inside K is quite general. In fact, the only condition is that the magnetic flux across K has to be finite. Moreover, the wavefunction is defined in Ω : = 2 K and it is zero on ∂K. Assuming that K is convex, we prove that in the unshielded case the scattering operator determines uniquely the regular magnetic field and that in the shielded case it determines uniquely the magnetic field in Ω. Moreover, in the unshielded case the scattering operator determines the magnetic flux of the solenoid modulo 2 and in the shielded case it determines the magnetic flux across K modulo 2. Our results follow from a reconstruction formula with an error term.
The Effects of Relatedness Support on Motivational Profiles in Rural vs. Urban Physical Education Students

The Effects of Relatedness Support on Motivational Profiles in Rural vs. Urban Physical Education Students Corbin D. Stringam Department of Teacher Education, BYU Master of Arts The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which relatedness support affects motivational profiles in rural vs. urban physical education (PE) students. Participants included rural (n=177) and urban (n=431) junior high/high school students (grades 5-12) from Alberta, a western province in Canada (n=508), and Utah, a state in the intermountain west of the USA (n=100). This cross-sectional study measured and assessed students’ basic psychological needs of student-to-student relatedness, student-to-teacher relatedness, competence, and autonomy using a revised version of the Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS-R). Situational motivation was measured and assessed using the Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale – Physical Education (SIMS-PE). For data analysis, MANOVA was used to examine significant differences among group variables (urban and rural, gender, and state) for selected variables (basic psychological needs indices and motivational indices). Significant rural vs. urban effects were noted for basic psychological needs and reveal urban students as having significantly more student-to-teacher relatedness (p = .032), competence (p = .001), and autonomy (p = .002) than rural students. Significant rural vs. urban effects were also noted for motivational indices and reveal urban students as having significantly more intrinsic motivation (p < .001), identified regulation (p = .001), and higher SelfDetermination Index (SDI) scores (p < .001) than rural students. Significant state effects reveal Alberta students are significantly more intrinsically motivated (p < .001) than Utah students. Due to sheer population size of metropolitan areas, urban students inherently have more PE options and more funding, which possibly allows them to experience greater autonomy and competence. Limited choices in rural schools could be a contributing factor for lower autonomy and competence measures. Rural PE teachers oftentimes teach other core subjects, which possibly makes PE classes less engaging and rigid, thereby causing lower relatedness between teacher and student. The Covid-19 pandemic has predominately paused extracurricular physical activities in urban settings, potentially catalyzing greater meaning and importance in urban PE; possibly initiating greater self-determined motivation for urban students. Rural PE teachers are recommended to be intentional with their relatedness support. PE teachers should adopt a holistic approach to satisfying the basic psychological needs of relatedness, competence, and autonomy instead of focusing on one need at the expense of others.