Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constrained Gatekeepers of the Criminal Justice Footprint: A Systematic Social Observation Study of 9-1-1 Calltakers and Dispatchers

Abstract This study examines the gatekeeping role that public safety communication specialists (911 calltakers and dispatchers) play in the criminal justice footprint using systematic observations of one of the largest public communication centers in the U.S. Findings indicate that public safety communications professionals can play a significant role in initially shaping the criminal justice footprint, and can help to prevent that footprint from growing. However, organizational constraints, liabilities, and rules, as well as the expectations and beliefs of citizens and activities of police officers, can also inhibit this gatekeeping function. Recent assertions that citizen calls for public safety services might be easily diverted or prevented to reduce this footprint rely on significant changes to several policies, practices, and assumptions that have yet to be easily realized.
Key Community Assembly Processes Switch between Scales in Shaping Beta Diversity in Two Primary Forests, Southwest China

Environmental and dispersal-based processes have been widely investigated for the understanding of community assembly. However, the relative importance of these ecological processes across spatial scales, life history stages and forest types needs to be largely studied. We test the variability of ecological processes in shaping tree community composition across life stages and spatial scales, and in particular, the hypothesis that dispersal limitation dominates at smaller scales and early life stages, but environmental filtering at larger scales and later life stages. We used spatially explicit point process models to estimate the relative importance of environmental and dispersal processes and their combined effect on beta diversity across spatial scales and life stages in tropical and subtropical forests. These models fit the observed species distribution pattern and generated realizations of the fitted models for each species. We found that the importance of environmental and dispersal processes did not shift with life stages or vegetation types, but did with spatial scales. Dispersal provided the best explanation of large-scale patterns, but dispersal combined with environmental selection was superior for small-scale patterns. In conclusion, we confirm the importance of spatial scale for the effects and identification of community assembly mechanisms. Our results also suggest that the importance of both dispersal and environmental processes for community assembly could be pervasive across life stages and vegetation types. The generality of these findings should be tested further in different vegetation types and life stages to assess whether specific ecological processes have consistent effects on community structure across life stages and vegetation types.
Mouse ear of pecan

Mouse ear of pecan is a growth abnormality resulting from a deficiency of nickel in the pecan tree. First reported in 1918, mouse ear was initially attributed to spring cold injury before bud break, and was later thought to be the result of a viral pathogen. At various times, the problem has also been considered a manganese deficiency or a copper deficiency. Only recently, the discovery was made that mouse ear indicates a severe nickel deficiency.
The nature of attachment systems

Attachment theory is an enduring and generative framework for understanding infant and romantic relationships. As a lifespan phenomenon, attachment research has focused largely on developmental processes and how to link the infant attachments with later close relationships, but there has been comparably less scholarly attention targeted at the evolutionary origins and functionality of romantic attachments, in particular. Here, I advance a two-system approach to attachment, proposing that infant attachments and romantic attachments constitute etiologically distinct systems that evolved in response to different selection pressures, serve different evolutionary functions, and are fundamentally different in nature with regard to operation and necessity toward their respective evolutionary goals. This two-system approach has downstream implications for future attachment research, most notably with regard to how the romantic attachment system develops over the lifespan, and the extent to which romantic attachments guide the formation of relationships in adulthood.
Mechanisms of miR-128-3p in inhibiting osteoblast differentiation from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

The authors' previous study demonstrated that miR-128 may exert an inhibitory effect on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), but its downstream mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microRNA (miRNA/miR) and mRNA profiles of differentiated and undifferentiated BM-MSCs and explore new downstream targets for miR-128. The sequencing datasets of GSE107279 (miRNA) and GSE112318 (mRNA) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) were identified using the DESeq2 method. The target genes of DEMs were predicted by the miRwalk 2.0 database. The hub target genes of miR-128 were screened by constructing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analysis. The expression levels of miR-128 and crucial target genes were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR before or after transfection of miR-128 mimics to BM-MSCs. The miRNA expression profile analysis identified miR-128 as one of the significantly downregulated DEMs (total 338) in differentiated BM-MSCs compared with the undifferentiated control. A total of 103 predicted target genes of miR-128-3p were overlapped with upregulated DEGs. By calculating the topological properties of each protein in the PPI network, 6 upregulated genes (KIT, NTRK2, YWHAB, GAB1, AXIN1 and RUNX1; fold change was the highest for NTRK2) were considered to be hub genes. Of these, 4 were enriched in module 4 (RUNX1, KIT, GAB1 and AXIN1; RUNX1 was particularly crucial as it can interact with the others), while one was enriched in module 7 (YWHAB). The expression levels of miR-128 and these 6 target genes during the osteogenic differentiation were experimentally confirmed by RT-qPCR. In addition, the expression levels of these 6 genes were significantly reversed after transfection of miR-128-3p mimics into rat BM-MSCs compared with the miR-control group. These findings indicated that miR-128-3p may inhibit the osteoblast differentiation of BM-MSCs by downregulation of these 6 genes, particularly RUNX1, YWHAB and NTRK2.
Remote Sensing‐Based Modeling of the Bathymetry and Water Storage for Channel‐Type Reservoirs Worldwide

Estimations of reservoir bathymetry and storage are of great significance due to their substantial impacts on hydrological processes and water resource management. However, existing approaches for reservoir bathymetry construction often rely on field measurements, which restricts their application at regional and global scales. This study proposes a novel Approach for Determining the BAthymetry and water storage of channel‐type Reservoirs, hereafter referred to as ADBAR, for which only open‐access digital elevation model (DEM) and satellite images are required. The basic idea of ADBAR is to utilize the geomorphological similarity and topographical continuity of the reservoir inundation area with its lateral valleys and upstream/downstream regions to predict underwater bathymetry. Forty‐eight reservoirs with different topographic and geometric characteristics were selected for method validation. The selected reservoirs were all impounded after the year 2000, so the modeled reservoir bathymetry can be validated by the “reference” reservoir storage calculated using the exposed topography in SRTM DEM and the mapped water extents from spectral images. The difference between the estimated and reference storages is about 13% on average. Furthermore, the modeled results in two selected basins with dense reservoir distributions, the Upper Yellow River Basin in China and the Tocantins River Basin in Brazil, are comparable with the documented effective storage capacities. The validations for both individual reservoirs and the two large basins demonstrate that ADBAR is a robust tool for estimating reservoir bathymetries and storage capacities and thus facilitates the modeling of reservoir impacts on water budgets at large and global scales.
The causes of welfare state expansion in democratic
 middle‐income
 countries: A literature review

Funding information German National Academic Foundation (Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes) Abstract This article reviews the literature on the causes of welfare state expansion in democratic middle-income countries across the Global South since the 2000s. After discussing challenges to measuring welfare state change, the article reviews research in political science and sociology and discusses nine potential causes of recent welfare state expansion, namely (a) economic development, (b) fiscal capacity, (c) democracy, (d) partisan ideology, (e) labour unions, (f ) social mobilization, (g) cultural homogeneity, (h) institutional architecture, as well as (i) welfare rights and norms. The review thus reveals that recent welfare state expansion in democratic middle-income countries has been driven by a similar set of causes as post-war welfare state expansion in the Global North. The pronounced expansion of noncontributory social policies has, in some contrast, also been characterized by more bipartisan and transnational political dynamics. The article concludes by outlining avenues for future research and by calling for more scholarly attention to the consolidation and testing of existing theories.
In vitro production of bovine embryos: cumulus/granulosa cell gene expression patterns point to early atresia as beneficial for oocyte competence.

In vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos has become widespread technology implemented in cattle breeding and production. Here, we review novel data on cumulus/granulosa cell gene expression, as determined by RNAseq on cellular material from pooled follicular fluids at the single animal level, and relate these finding to previous data on oocyte developmental competence and ultrastructure. The cumulus/granulosa cell gene expression patterns indicate that early follicular atresia is associated with increased blastocyst yield and this hypothesis is supported by previous data on oocyte competence and ultrastructure.
A Review of Cottonseed Protein Chemistry and Non-Food Applications

There has been increasing interest in recent years in the use of agro-based raw materials for the production of bio-friendly and sustainable products. Plant-based proteins are among the popular materials being studied. In particular, cottonseed protein (a byproduct of cotton fiber production) is widely available and has useful properties. Although not as well-known as soy protein, cottonseed protein has been shown to be a potentially valuable raw material for numerous applications. In this review, the latest developments in isolation, composition and molecular weight, chemical and enzymatic modifications, and non-food applications are delineated. Among these applications, films and coatings, interfacial and emulsifying applications, adhesives, and bioplastics seem to attract the most attention. A particular effort has been made to cover the literature on these topics in the past 10 years.
Stopping the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review on the Advances of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Measures

With the continued spread of COVID-19 across the world, rapid diagnostic tools, readily available respurposable drugs, and prompt containment measures to control the SARS-CoV-2 infection are of paramount importance. Examples of recent advances in diagnostic tests are CRISPR technology, IgG assay, spike protein detection, and use of artificial intelligence. The gold standard reverse transcription polymerase chain (RT-PCR) has also been upgraded with point-of-care rapid tests. Supportive treatment, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remain the primary choice, while therapeutic options include antivirals, antiparasitics, anti-inflammatories, interferon, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibody, hyperimmunoglobulin, RNAi, and mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Different types of vaccines such as RNA, DNA, and lentiviral, inactivated, and viral vector are in clinical trials. Moreover, rapidly deployable and easy-to-transport innovative vaccine delivery systems are also in development. As countries have started easing down on the lockdown measures, the chance for a second wave of infection demands strict and rational control policies to keep fatalities minimized. An improved understanding of the advances in diagnostic tools, treatments, vaccines, and control measures for COVID-19 can provide references for further research and aid better containment strategies.
Establishment in the Field of Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an Exotic Egg Parasitoid of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae)

Abstract Efficient strategies to control the bronze bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) are unavailable, but Cleruchoides noackae Lin and Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasitizes eggs of this pest. The parasitism and number of parasitoids that emerged from the eggs of T. peregrinus were evaluated in the laboratory and from eggs of this pest collected in the field in an area of approximately 2 ha. Collections were done 1 yr after the first release of C. noackae to check for field establishment of this parasitoid in eucalyptus plantations in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The emergence of C. noackae was 53 and 52% from eggs parasitized in the laboratory and in the field, respectively. This natural enemy was recorded for all sampling points from the field collections, which were up to 10 km from the place it had been released. The C. noackae establishment in the field, and the potential for biological control of T. peregrinus by this parasitoid were confirmed.
Plasma carotenoids and medial temporal lobe atrophy in older adults

Carotenoids are vegetable pigments uniquely provided by diet which have antioxidant, immunomodulatory and specific neuroprotective properties. Carotenes (found in orange‐yellow fruits and vegetables) are precursors of retinoids, key signaling molecules for synaptic plasticity. The xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin (found in green vegetables, orange‐yellow fruits and corn) cross the blood‐brain barrier, may decrease lipid peroxidation and stabilize lipid‐protein structures in neuronal membranes. Limited epidemiological studies on dietary carotenoids (assessed by questionnaires) reported inconsistent associations with brain aging using cognitive change as an outcome (and not neuroimaging or clinical dementia or Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis). However, blood carotenoids levels were associated with lower risk of dementia over 10 years, in a large cohort of older adults, the Three‐City (3C) study. Here, we further investigated whether blood carotenoids were also associated with the 10‐year atrophy of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a central biomarker of neurodegeneration in aging.
Variability in the fundamental versus realized niches of North American mangroves

Climate change is leading to large‐scale shifts in species’ range limits. Mangroves, for example, are encroaching into saltmarshes at numerous tropical–temperate transition zones. However, mangrove expansion varies geographically, in large part because mangroves might not be fully occupying their fundamental niches across their range limits. Here we characterize and compare the fundamental versus realized thermal niches of two mangrove species found near their northern range limits on both coasts of North America.
Audit Committee Features and CSR Disclosure: Additional Evidence From an Emerging Market

This study aims to measure the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRDL) in an emerging market, Jordan. It also aims to investigate the effect of audit committee (AC) features on CSRDL. The study’s data, obtained from annual reports, comprises 576 company-year observations from industrial and services companies listed on the Amman stock exchange for the period 2011 to 2016. Content analysis is used to measure CSRDL, and multiple regression techniques to test the proposed relationships. The results show that CSRDL among Jordanian listed companies is low, suggesting that companies have less incentive to disclose CSR practices. Additionally, AC independence and AC ownership positively influence CSRDL. The findings from this research have limited generalisability due to the specific characteristics of the sample, which is from a developing country. However, they have implications and value for policymakers and different stakeholders interested in improving CSR initiatives. The findings are also significant in reducing agency costs and enhancing corporate transparency. Within the limits of the authors’ knowledge, this research is among the first to provide preliminary evidence on the effect of AC features on CSR disclosure in an emerging market context, specifically in Jordan.
Advantages and disadvantages of robotic and uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS), which aims to increase accuracy, and uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (U-VATS), which aims to decrease invasiveness, have been reported as new surgical methods for pulmonary resection. The advantages of robotic-assisted surgery include a threedimensional surgical view, elimination of physiological tremors, and enabling surgical manipulation in a natural orientation because of the presence of forceps that move in the same manner as human wrist joints. Therefore, it allows some surgeries that are not feasible with the manual thoracoscopic techniques performed by human hands available currently. Its disadvantages include the lack of tactile sensation, an increased number of ports, the high cost, and unproven commensurate patient benefits. The advantages of uniportal surgery include a lower level of postoperative pain and faster patient recovery because of the single incision, whereas the fact that all surgical instruments are inserted via a single incision, thereby limiting surgical manipulation and decreasing surgical safety and accuracy, represents a disadvantage of this technique. Although many reports have indicated that both robotic-assisted surgery and uniportal surgery are more useful than conventional thoracoscopic surgery, sufficient demonstration based on a high level of evidence remains to be achieved. In the future, the safety, level of invasion, and oncological long-term results of these new surgical methods should be compared with those of conventional surgical methods and investigated regarding their utility.
From “education for sustainable development” to “education for the end of the world as we know it”

Abstract In this article, we address the limitations of sustainable development as an orienting educational horizon of hope and change, given that mainstream development presumes the possibility of perpetual growth and consumption on a finite planet. Facing these limitations requires us to consider the inherently violent and unsustainable nature of our modern-colonial modes of existence. Thus, we propose a shift from “education for sustainable development” to “education for the end of the world as we know it. ” We contend that the predicament we face is not primarily rooted in ignorance and thus solvable with more knowledge, nor primarily rooted in immorality and thus solvable with more normative values; rather, it is rooted in denials that stem from harmful desires for and investments in the continuity of the securities and satisfactions promised by modernity-coloniality. Faced with these denials, we emphasize a collective need to “grow up” so that we might “show up” differently to do the work that is needed as we face unprecedented global challenges.
Comparative Retinopathy Risk in People with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Post Metformin Second-line Incretin Therapies: Study Based on US Electronic Medical Records

Studies have reported conflicting results of the association of incretin-based treatment with the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR), while the risk of DR in people treated with different antidiabetic drugs (ADD) in the context of glycaemic control in real-world settings is limited. This study aimed to evaluate (1) the risk of developing DR in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who initiated secondline ADD and (2) if glycaemic control over one-year post-therapy initiation is associated with DR risk during follow-up . From US Electronic Medical Records (EMR), those who received second line DPP-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), sulfonylurea, thiazolidinedione, or insulin for ? 3 months post-2004 were analysed. Based on 237,133 people with an average of 3.2 years follow-up, compared to people who initiated second-line with sulfonylurea, those with DPP-4i/GLP1RA/thiazolidinedione had 30%/31%/15% significantly lower adjusted risk of developing DR; insulin users had 84% increased risk (all p< 0.01), with significantly better sustainable HbA1c control over one year in incretin groups. This population representative EMR based study suggests that DR risk is not higher in people treated with incretins, versus other ADD, with the benefit of better glycaemic control.
Dispersal and alternative breeding site fidelity strategies in an amphibian

Dispersal (i.e. movement from a natal or breeding site to another breeding site) is a central process in ecology and evolution as it affects the eco-evolutionary dynamics of spatially structured populations. Dispersal evolution is regulated by the balance between costs and benefits, which is influenced by the individual phenotype (i.e. phenotype-dependent dispersal) and environmental factors (i.e. condition-dependent dispersal). Even though these processes have been extensively studied in species with simple life cycles, our knowledge about these mechanisms in organisms displaying complex life cycles remains fragmentary. In fact, little is specifically known about how the interplay between individual and environmental factors may lead to alternative dispersal strategies that, in turn, lead to the coexistence of contrasted site fidelity phenotypes. In this paper, we examined breeding dispersal in a pond-breeding amphibian, the great crested newt Triturus cristatus, within usual walking distances for a newt. We took advantage of recent developments in multi-event capture–recapture models and used capture–recapture data (946 newts marked) collected in a spatially structured population occupying a large pond network (73 ponds). We showed a high rate of breeding site infidelity (i.e. pond use) and the coexistence of two dispersal phenotypes, namely, a highly pond faithful phenotype and a dispersing phenotype. Individuals that were site faithful at time t – 1 were therefore more likely to remain site faithful at time t. Our results also demonstrated that the probability that individuals belong to one or the other dispersal phenotypes depended on environmental and individual factors. In particular, we highlighted the existence of a dispersal syndrome implying a covariation pattern among dispersal behavior, body size, and survival. Our work opens new research prospects in the evolution of dispersal in organisms displaying complex life cycles and raises interesting questions about the evolutionary pathways that contribute to the diversification of movement strategies in the wild.