Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites andGastrointestinal Carriage of Pathogenic Gram Negative Enteric Bacteria among Apparently Healthy FoodHandlers of PublicHospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background. Foodborne diseases are major public health problems in developing countries like Ethiopia. Food handlers with poor personal hygiene working in hospitals could be infected with different intestinal parasites and pathogenic enteric bacteria. &erefore, they could pose a potential risk of foodborne infection to patients and the community.Methods. An institutional based cross-sectional study conducted from March to June 2017. Besides, sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, freshly passed stool specimens for direct wet mount smear examination, and formalin ether concentration techniques performed for the detection of parasites. For bacterial identification culture, biochemical tests and antimicrobial sensitivity (Kirby-Baure disk diffusion method) have been performed. Finally, validated data were analyzed using statistical package for social science version 20 (SPSS). Results. From 368 food handlers who participated in the study, 81% were females. 119 (32.34%) were positive for at least one intestinal parasite. &e most prevalent parasite was Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 48 (13%), followed by Giardia lamblia 36 (9.78%), Taenia Species 21 (5.7%), Ascaris lumbricoide 8 (2.2%), Trichuris trichiura 5 (1.4%), and Hook worm 1 (0.3%). Regarding the prevalence of enteric bacteria 17(4.6%), food handlers were positive for Salmonella 14 (3.8%) and Shigella flexneri 3 (0.8%). No E. coli O157 :H7 was isolated. All 100% (n� 14) Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin (10 μg) and erythromycin (15 μg). Similarly, 100% (n� 3) of Shigella flexneri isolates were resistant to ampicillin (10 μg) and tetracycline (30 μg). 14.3% (n� 2) Salmonella and 66.7% (n� 2) Shigella flexneri isolates were MDR. Conclusion. &e study showed significant carriage of pathogenic microorganisms among food handlers. &erefore, hospital administrators and other stake holders should put measures in place to break chain of transmission routes from silent carrier to other peoples particularly patients at hospital and the community at large.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING THROUGH STEM APPROACH TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

This study aimed to determine PjBL-STEM implementations effect to improve science process skills and students’ learning outcomes on the material of substances and their characteristics. The type of research used was a quasі-experiment with a pre-test post-test control group design. The research subjects were students of class VII Darul Ihsan Islamic Junior High School Aceh Besar, which consisted of eight classes. The sample group was determined by purposive sampling technique so that two classes were obtained as the research sample, namely class VII-G as an experimental class and VII-H as a control class. The results showed that the implementation of the PjBL-STEM model could increase students’ science process skills. The average students’ science process skills in the control and experimental classes were 53 and 55 with sufficient categories. However, after implementing the Discovery Learning model in the control class and PjBL-STEM in the experimental class, the students' science process skills' average score increased to 76 with good categories and 86 with excellent categories. The PjBL-STEM model was also able to improve students’ learning outcomes. Based on the results of the t-test analysis with a significant score of 0.05, it showed that the post-test scores in both classes were obtained t-count (2.011) > t-table (1.666), so it was concluded that there was a significant difference between the two classes. N-gain testing showed an increase in students’ learning outcomes between the control and experimental classes with scores of 74 and 79. This study concluded that the PjBL-STEM model could improve science process skills and students’ learning outcomes.
Assessing thromboembolic disease burden, risk perception, management, and management outcomes in Ghana

Despite the widely documented and economic burden of thromboembolic disease (TED) globally, data on the true impact of the disease in Ghana are scanty. This study, therefore, aimed to assess TED burden, risk perception, and thromboprophylactic practices across general medical, surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology specializations in Ghana. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary regional/district, polyclinic, and private hospitals in the Kumasi Metropolis of the Ashanti region of Ghana. The study indicated that TED was classified as medium risk in most areas of clinical practice and mostly reported in inpatient settings. Deep vein thrombosis and ischemic stroke were the most commonly reported diseases, with pain being the most common symptom. The practice of thromboprophylaxis was averagely practiced in most areas of clinical practice. Pharmacological management of TED was preferred with low-molecular-weight heparins and warfarin being the most widely used therapeutic options. The cost was the greatest factor hindering therapy and choice of medication. Bleeding was the most common side effect observed with therapy. Although therapies for management and prophylaxis of TED are available and effective, it is still a burden and perceived as a risk in clinical practice and healthcare delivery in Ghana because of the high cost of therapy.
Consistency and asymptotic normality

The supremum of a set A, if it exists, is the smallest number y for which x ≤ y for every x ∈ A. Analogously, the infimum of a set A, if it exists, is the largest number y for which x ≥ y for every x ∈ A. For an open set such as A = (0, 1), the supremum supA and the infimum inf A are well-defined as 1 and 0, respectively. If the supremum is attained for some element in A, the supremum is also called the maximum; analogously, the minimum of a set is defined as the infimum if it is attained for some element of A. Therefore, the maximum and minimum of A = (0, 1) are not defined, because they are attained at 0 and 1, which are not inside (0, 1). If we define the extended real line as R∪ {−∞,+∞}, the sup and inf are always defined on the extended real line. ∗Department of Economics, Ohio State University, 429 Arps Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, email dejong@econ.ohio-state.edu
Owning and Sharing

Intelligent personal assistants (IPA), such as Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant, are becoming increasingly present in multi-user households leading to questions about privacy and consent, particularly for those who do not directly own the device they interact with. When these devices are placed in shared spaces, every visitor and cohabitant becomes an indirect user, potentially leading to discomfort, misuse of services, or unintentional sharing of personal data. To better understand how owners and visitors perceive IPAs, we interviewed 10 in-house users (account owners and cohabitants) and 9 visitors from a student and young professionals sample who have interacted with such devices on various occasions. We find that cohabitants in shared households with regular IPA interactions see themselves as owners of the device, although not having the same controls as the account owner. Further, we determine the existence of a smart speaker etiquette which doubles as trust-based boundary management. Both in-house users and visitors demonstrate similar attitudes and concerns around data use, constant monitoring by the device, and the lack of transparency around device operations. We discuss interviewees' system understanding, concerns, and protection strategies and make recommendation to avoid tensions around shared devices.
S0021859617000971jra 139..150

The temporal change in soil organic carbon (SOC) was analysed over an 80-year period based on climate change predictions of four regional circulation models under the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A1B emission scenario in the 21st century. A 20-year (1991–2010) set of observed climate data was used to form the baseline, and generate synthetic data for future scenario analyses. With increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, and under continuous winter wheat production with conventional tillage at different nitrogen (N) input rates, three crop-soil models were used to study the temporal changes of SOC. Results indicated that soil carbon (C) generally decreased over the simulation period. In addition, increased N losses through leaching and denitrification were estimated. Decline in soil C under continuous mono-cropping systems indicated increased focus on N fertilization strategies. The results also suggested significant interactive effect of N input rate and climate variables on soil C and denitrification in response to climate change. The uncertainty was addressed by including the crop-soil models in a mixed-effect analysis so that the contribution of the models to the total variance of random variation was quantified. Statistical analysis showed that the crop-soil models are the main source for uncertainty in analysing soil C and N responses to climate change.
Optimization of an Aqueous Extraction Process for Flaxseed Gum by Response Surface Methodology

Abstract Aqueous extraction of hydrocolloidal gum from flaxseed was optimized using response surface methodology. Extraction temperature (25-100°C), pH (2.0-7.0) and water:seed ratio (6.0-20.0) were the factors investigated with respect to yield, apparent viscosity and protein content of the final gum extracts. Temperature and pH were found to have a significant influence on both yield and quality of the extracted crude gum while the water:seed ratio had only minor effects. Optimum conditions for the extraction were a temperature of 85-90°C, a pH 6.5-7.0 and a water:seed ratio of 13. In addition, steady shear and small strain oscillatory tests on aqueous dispersions of gums, extracted under various conditions, were conducted to assess the impact of extraction conditions on the rheological properties of the flaxseed gum preparations.
Effect of isothermal and thermal diffusion on aqueous two-phase extraction for the purification of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis

Aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) is effective for the purification of C-phycocyanin (CPC) from Spirulina platensis. Polyethylene glycol and potassium phosphate was used to purify the CPC. The influence of various different temperatures (dT) of process on purity (EP) partitioning and diffusion coefficient was evaluated. The optimal conditions for CPC purification was found at dT 25°C. CPC purity increased to 2.337 from an initial purity of 1.106. The concentration and recovery yield were found to be the highest at dT 25°C (13.932 g/L and 91.18, respectively), which was significantly higher than the conventional process. The dT affected the fluid viscosity variable, potentially due to a phenomenon which decreases the viscosity of the mixture and enhances the solvent solubility and diffusion capacity. The present work presented the diffusion coefficient in ATPE at various dT of the process. The isothermal diffusion coefficient (Di) significantly increased to dT. The Soret effect (ST) and thermal diffusion coefficient (DT) were obtained at a high dT, but it should not be greater than 25°C. Hydrophobicity plays an important role in the thermal diffusion behaviour. A high diffusion coefficient is expected to result in the purification process due to high purity and efficiency.
Kinetic study for the development of an accelerated oxidative stability test to estimate virgin olive oil potential shelf life

This study proposes an accelerated test performed at mild temperature (40-60 °C) to measure oxidative stability and estimate the potential shelf life of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). The kinetic behavior of normalized oxidation indices (PV, K 232 and K 270 ) and the oxidizing substrate [unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)] during storage of different virgin olive oil samples in darkness and at different temperatures (25-60 °C) is reported for the first time. PV and K 232 followed an apparent pseudo zero-order kinetics (R 2 >0.951) at all the experimental temperatures in all samples, whereas the evolution of K 270 apparently better fitted a pseudo first-order kinetics (R 2 >0.926). The temperature-dependent kinetics of the oxidation indices and the UFA were well described by the linear Arrhenius equation between 25 and 60 °C (0.960< R 2 <0.999, p <0.05). The best correlation between loss of PUFA and increase of oxidation product indices was K 232 (0.581< R 2 <0.924). The time required to reach the upper limits for PV, K 232 and K 270 established for the EVOO category in the current EU legislation correlated well with temperature using a potential equation, making it possible to set up an accelerated stability test at temperatures below 60 °C to estimate the potential shelf life under normal storage temperature conditions.
Conformational studies. Part III. Crystal and molecular structures of N-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)aniline

The title compound crysallises in the orthorhombic system P212121 with cell constants a= 11·202, b= 3·934, c= 26·077 A, and Z= 4. The crystal and molecular structures were determined by direct methods from 1524 intensities measured on a diffractometer, and refined anisotropically (except hydrogen) to R 0·082. The possible influence of the packing arrangement on the molecular conformation, which differs significantly from that of earlier reported benzylideneailines, is discussed.
S0021859619000753jra 413..433

Early-maturing provitamin A (PVA) quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids with combined drought and low soil nitrogen (low-N) tolerance are needed to address malnutrition and food security problems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The current study’s objectives were to (i) examine combining ability of selected early maturing PVA-QPM inbreds for grain yield and other agronomic traits under drought, low-N, optimal environments and across environments, (ii) determine gene action conditioning PVA accumulation under optimal environments, (iii) classify inbreds into heterotic groups and identify testers and (iv) assess yield and stability of hybrids across environments. Ninety-six hybrids generated from 24 inbred lines using the North Carolina Design II together with four commercial hybrid controls were evaluated under drought, low-N and optimal environments in Nigeria in 2016 and 2017. Fifty-four selected hybrids were assayed for PVA carotenoid and tryptophan content. Additive genetic effects were greater than non-additive effects for grain yield and most agronomic traits under each and across environments. The gene action conditioning accumulation of PVA carotenoids under optimal growing conditions followed a pattern similar to that of grain yield and other yield-related traits. The inbred lines were categorized into four heterotic groups consistent with the pedigree records and with TZEIORQ 29 identified as the best male and female tester for heterotic group IV. No tester was found for the other groups. Hybrid TZEIORQ 24 × TZEIORQ 41 was the highest yielding and most stable across environments and should be further tested for consistent performance for commercialization in SSA.
S0021859618000370jra 378..386

A 4-year (2010–2013) plot study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate (0, 60, 120, 196 and 240 kg N/ha/year) on seasonal responses and species persistency in frequently and tightly grazed (⩽4 cm) grass-only (GO) and grass white clover swards (GWc). Increasing N application rate increased herbage removed and pre-grazing sward height. Cows frequently grazed the GWc tighter than the GO. Increasing N rate reduced clover content, especially during the warmest months of the year, but less so up to 120 kg N/ha/year. The GWc had greater amounts of herbage removed than GO in the May–September period but the effect was less as N rate increased. Cumulative herbage removed from GWc was greater than GO swards receiving the same N rate and herbage quality was better in GWc than GO. Such effects were reduced as swards aged and with increasing N rate. It was concluded that under frequent and tight grazing management: (1) clover inclusion increased annual herbage removed; (2) herbage removed from GWc swards receiving no N was the same as the GO sward receiving 240 kg N/ha, and greater for the 240 GWc swards than the 240 GO swards; (3) clover inclusion benefits were mainly from summer onwards; (4) the management strategy applied in the current experiment may be capable of alleviating the detrimental effect of N fertilizer on clover, to a point between 60 and 120 kg N/ha.
Studies on the Constituents of Sophora Species. XXIII. : Constituents of the Root of Sphora chrysophylla SEEM. (1)

Two new isoflavanone, named sophoraisoflavanone C (), mp 107-109°C, C30H36O5 and sophoraisoflavanone D (2), mp 118-120°C, C30H36O6, and a new 6a-hydroxypterocarpan, named (-)-tuberosin (3), mp 203-205°C, C20H18O5, were isolated from the roots of Sophora chrysophylla SEEM. (Leguminosae), together with isoliquiritigenin, 7, 4'-dihydroxyflavone, isosophoranone, l-maackiain, medicagol and sophoracoumestan A. The structures of 1, 2 and 3 were established to be 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-6-(3, 3-dimethylallyl)-3'-geranylisoflavanone, 5, 7, 2', 4'-tetrahydroxy-6-(3, 3-dimethylallyl)-5'-geranylisoflavanone and 6aS, 11aS-3, 6a-dihydroxy[2', 2'-dimethylpyrano(5', 6' : 8, 9)]pterocarpan by means of spectral analysis, respectively.
The potential of 13C CP/MAS NMR in the study of kraft pulping kinetics

Abstract Solid state 13C CP/MAS nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained for unbleached kraft pulps prepared from white spruce with yields ranging from 47.6 to 96.1%. The observed trends of the relative peak intensities were found to correspond to established facts on kraft kinetics. These results suggest that 13C CP/MAS NMR of wood and pulp could be used to study kinetics in situ.
Effect of African Breadfruit Seed and Broken Rice Flour Blends Supplementation on Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes of Unripe Cooking Banana Based Complementary Foods

This study investigated the suitability of unripe cooking banana, African breadfruit seed and broken rice in the production of complementary foods. The flour blends were prepared in varying proportions of 100:0:0 (A), 95:5:0 (B), 85:10:5 (C), 75:15:10 (D) and 65:20:15 (E) while the commercial formula (F) served as control. The functional, nutritional, antinutritional and sensory properties were determined using standard methods. The loose bulk density, packed bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, gelatinization temperature and swelling index of the flour samples ranged from 0.35-0.67 g/ml, 0.63-0.87 g/ml, 2.40-4.06 g/g, 1.37-1.76 g/g, 70.0079. 30 oC and 1.45-2.07 ml/ml, respectively. There was significant (p<0.05) increase in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash and crude fibre content of the flour blends with sample E having the highest value in each, with a decrease in the carbohydrate and energy values. Selected mineral composition (Zn, Ca. Fe, Na and K) of the complementary flour samples was higher than that of the control. The anti-nutrient result showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the oxalate and tannin contents and a decrease in the phytate and phenol levels with increasing substitution of the flour blends. The sensory scores of the gruel produced from control was most preferred with respect to overall acceptability followed by samples A and D.
Protective Effects of Osthole against Free Radical-Induced Hemolysis of Erythrocytes

Background: Osthole, one of the most active components of Cnidium monnieri, has different pharmacological and biological effects such as boosting the immune system, reducing rheumatoid pain, hepatoprotective, and inhibitory effect on osteoporosis. Furthermore, it showed anti inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. However, there is little information about the antioxidant effects of osthole using cell-based assays. In the current work, we used in vitro model of 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes to investigate the protective effects of osthole against oxidative damage of biological membranes. Methods: Erythrocytes were challenged with 2, 2ꞌ-azobis (2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) as a model oxidant in the presence and absence of osthole. The protective effects of osthole on lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl oxidation, glutathione (GSH) content of erythrocytes were evaluated and compared with control samples. Results: It was found that osthole has protective effects on erythrocyte hemolysis induced by AAPH at different concentrations in a time-dependent manner. Osthole also suppressed lipid and protein oxidation as well as reductions in GSH content in a concentration and timedependent manner. Conclusion: Osthole showed protective effects against free radical-induced hemolysis in rat erythrocytes. Therefore, it can be considered as a supplement for the prevention or treatment of a variety of human health problems associated with oxidative stress. However, further investigations are required to illustrate other possible impacts of osthole on cells.
EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITIES AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREEN GRAM (VIGNA RADIATA L.)

A field experiment was conducted on clay soil at the experimental farm of Department of Agronomy, Marathwata Agricultural University, Parbhani (Maharashtra). There were 12 treatment combinations replicated 4 times in split-plot design. The main plot treatments consisted of four combinations of two inter row (30 cm and 45 cm) and intra row (10 cm and 15 cm) spacings, while, the sub-plot treatments consisted of 3 levels of phosphorus viz., 25, 50 and 75 kg P2O5/ha.Application of 75 kg P2O5/ha significantly enhanced grain yield (8.97 q/ha), straw yield (33.42q/ha), biological yield (42.61 q/ha) and protein content over 25 and 50 kg P2O5/ha.
Near-infrared spectroscopy with linear discriminant analysis for green ‘ Robusta ’ coffee bean sorting

The present work investigated the feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for separation of good quality green ‘Robusta’ coffee beans from defective (broken beans, beans with parchment, and beans with husk) and contaminated beans (faecal matter and soil) by single bean measurement. Linear discriminant analysis using principal components from principal component analysis (PCA-LDA) as variables was used as a supervised method for the classification. It was found that smoothing pre-treatment applied to the spectra was suitable for the classification, with the highest classification accuracy of 97.5%. The present work indicated that NIR spectroscopy coupled with appropriate chemometric methods could be an efficient tool for coffee bean sorting.
Does the Impact of Aid for Trade on Export Product Diversification depend on Structural economic policies in Recipient-Countries?

This paper examines the extent to which Aid for Trade interventions interact with long-term structural economic policies in recipient countries, to affect these countries’ export product diversification path. These include trade policy, international financial policy and domestic financial development. We additionally consider institutional and governance quality which, by contributing to the promotion of a supportive business environment, could also alter countries’ path of export product diversification. The analysis focuses on 112 countries over the period 2002–2015 and uses the system Generalised Method of Moments approach. Results suggest that Aid for Trade is conducive to export product diversification in countries that implement greater trade policy liberalisation, or have greater financial openness, or better institutional and governance quality. However, Aid for Trade tends to enhance export product concentration in countries with higher levels of financial development. JEL Classification: F35, F14, O11