Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Medicine and Cancer Theragnostics: Basic Concepts

Cancer theragnostics is a novel approach that combines diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy. It is based on the use of a pair of radiopharmaceuticals, one optimized for positron emission tomography imaging through linkage to a proper radionuclide, and the other bearing an alpha- or beta-emitter isotope that can induce significant damage to cancer cells. In recent years, the use of theragnostics in nuclear medicine clinical practice has increased considerably, and thus investigation has focused on the identification of novel radionuclides that can bind to molecular targets that are typically dysregulated in different cancers. The major advantages of the theragnostic approach include the elimination of multi-step procedures, reduced adverse effects to normal tissues, early diagnosis, better predictive responses, and personalized patient care. This review aims to discuss emerging theragnostic molecules that have been investigated in a series of human malignancies, including gliomas, thyroid cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, cholangiocarcinoma, and prostate cancer, as well as potent and recently introduced molecular targets, like cell-surface receptors, kinases, and cell adhesion proteins. Furthermore, special reference has been made to copper radionuclides as theragnostic agents and their radiopharmaceutical applications since they present promising alternatives to the well-studied gallium-68 and lutetium-177.
Feasibility of virtual source reflection seismology using interferometry for mineral exploration: A test study in the Lalor Lake volcanogenic massive sulphide mining area, Manitoba, Canada

Approximately 300 hours of ambient noise data were recorded on a grid of receivers covering an area of 4 km2 over the Lalor Mine, Canada, to test the capability of seismic interferometry to image ore deposits in the crystalline rock environment. Underground mining activities create the main source of ambient noise in the area. Alongside the ambient noise survey, a larger three‐dimensional active‐source seismic survey was also acquired and used to evaluate the interferometry results. Power spectral density calculations show random ambient noise with a frequency range of 2 Hz–35 Hz. A beamforming analysis identified body waves arriving from the west–northwest (pointing towards the mine) and surface waves propagating from the northeast. The calculated virtual shot gathers retrieved by cross‐correlating ambient noise at all receivers were processed following both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional approaches using a sequence similar to the one applied to the active‐source three‐dimensional data. The dip‐moveout stacked section reveals a number of events similar to those observed on the processed active seismic sections. In particular, the passive seismic interferometry method is capable to partly image shallowly dipping reflections but did not produce convincing images of steeply dipping reflections. Dip‐moveout stacked sections obtained with different cross‐correlation time windows indicate that the strength and number of reflections generally increase with longer noise records. However, a few reflections at depth show reduced coherency with longer noise time windows. The passive seismic interferometry results over the Lalor mining area are encouraging, but image quality of the passive survey is lower than the acquired active three‐dimensional survey at the area. Future ambient noise surveys with longer offsets, shorter receiver spacing, and wider azimuth distribution are needed in crystalline rock environment to address the potential of the method for mineral exploration.
Anterior approach arthrodesis - ALIF with use of a titanium cage for treatment of postoperative spondylodiscitis after lumbar microdiscectomy

Introduction. Infectious spondylodiscitis has an incidence of 0.21-3.6%. The best intervention should be individualized, using antibiotics only or combining them with stabilizing surgeries. Case presentation. A 38-year-old man presented with lumbosciatalgia, severe pain and inability to ambulate. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine showed L5-S1 extruded disc herniation and the patient underwent endoscopic microdiscectomy with complete remission of symptoms. After two weeks, he reported severe low back pain and a return of difficulty to walk. Laboratory tests showed an increase in CRP and ESR. MRI showed signs of lumbar spondylodiscitis. The patient started on broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy. He evolved with improvement in laboratory parameters and maintenance of low back pain. Due to the failure of conservative treatment, anterior approach arthrodesis (ALIF) was chosen, with the complete improvement of the low back pain and the return of the ability to walk. Discussion. Postoperative spondylodiscitis’ frequency depends on the invasiveness of the operation and the type of surgery performed. The most likely source of infection is direct inoculation by virulent pathogens during surgery. A diagnosis delay of more than two months is considered a risk factor for generating adverse results. A Conservative approach is indicated for the patient who is neurologically intact and with minimal bone destruction. Surgical indications are the presence of neurological deficits, intraspinal abscesses, extensive bone destruction, and failure of conservative management. ALIF is supported in the literature because it allows wide exposure of the entire disc space through efficient access to the spine with the complete evacuation of the disc, avoiding dissection of perineural scar tissue and preserving the articular facets. Conclusion. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, although there is still no consensus about the best treatment approach. The use of a titanium cage with a bioglass graft had a good response in pain and infection control in our case.
Structural and geochronological relationships of metamorphic soles of eastern Mediterrranean ophiolites to surrounding units: indicators of intra‐oceanic subduction and emplacement

This paper is a synthesis of structural and geochronological data from eastern Mediterranean ophiolitic metamorphic rocks and surrounding units to interpret the intra‐oceanic subduction and ophiolite emplacement mechanism. Metamorphic rocks occur as discontinuous tectonic slices at the base of the ophiolites, generally between the peridotite tectonites and volcanic‐sedimentary units, and locally in fault zones in the overlying peridotites. They consist essentially of amphibolite, and in lesser quantities, micaschist, quartzite, epidotite and marble. Geological and geochronological data indicate that recrystallization of the metamorphic rocks occurred in the oceanic environment. The contact between the metamorphic rocks and the hanging‐wall is parallel to the foliation of the metamorphic rocks, and is interpreted as the fossil plane of intra‐oceanic subduction. Structural relationships suggest that intra‐oceanic subduction was situated between two lithospheric blocks separated by an oceanic fracture zone. Therefore the Neotethyan ophiolites with metamorphic soles represent the remnants of the overriding oceanic lithosphere's training slices of the metamorphic rocks at the base. In the Anatolian region, radiometric dating of metamorphic rocks from the Taurus and Izmir‐Ankara‐Erzincan zone ophiolites yield nearly identical ages. Besides, palaeontological and structural data indicate coeval opening and similar oceanic ridge orientation. Consequently it is highly probable that Taurus and Izmir‐Ankara‐Erzincan zone ophiolites represent fragments of the same oceanic lithosphere derived from a single spreading zone. Palaeontological data from underlying volcanic and sedimentary units point out that the opening of the Neotethyan ocean occurred during Late Permian‐Middle Triassic time in the Iranian‐Oman region, during Middle Triassic in Dinaro‐Hellenic area, and finally during Late Triassic in the Anatolian region. Radiometric dating of the metamorphic rocks exhibit that the intra‐oceanic thrusting occurred during late Lower‐early Late Jurassic for Dinaro‐Hellenic ophiolites, late Lower‐early Late Cretaceous for Anatolian, Iranian and Oman ophiolites well before their obduction on the Gondwanian continent. Neotethyan ophiolites were obducted onto various sections of the Gondwanian continent from late Upper Jurassic to Palaeocene time, Dinaro‐Hellenic ophiolites during late Upper Jurassic‐early Lower Cretaceous onto the Adriatic promontory, Anatolian, Iranian and Oman ophiolites from late Lower Cretaceous to Palaeocene onto the Aegean, Anatolian and Arabic promontories.
The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Digestive System, Gonad Morphology, and Physiology of Butterfly Splitfin (Ameca splendens)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the morphology and enzymatic activity of butterfly splitfin (Ameca splendens). Individuals of both sexes, aged about five months, were exposed to AgNPs at concentrations of 0 (control group), 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/dm3 for 42 days. On the last day of the experiment, the fish were euthanized, subjected to standard histological processing (anterior intestine, liver, and gonads), and analysed for digestive enzyme activity in the anterior intestine and oxidative stress markers in the liver. Fish in the AgNP 0.01 and 0.1 groups had the lowest anterior intestinal fold and enterocyte height. However, there were no statistically significant changes in the digestive enzyme activity in the anterior intestine. Analysis of enzymatic activity in the liver showed an increase in superoxide dismutase activity in fish in the AgNP 0.1 group. Histological analyses showed that AgNPs inhibited meiotic divisions at prophase I in a non-linear manner in ovaries and testes. In the AgNP 0.1 and 1.0 groups, the area occupied by spermatocytes was lower compared to the other groups. These results indicate that exposure to AgNPs may lead to disturbances in morphology and enzymatic activity in the liver and intestine and may lead to disruption of reproduction in populations.
Socio-economic Profile of Equine Owner, Morphometric Characterization and Reproductive Performance of Indigenous Horses in Bangladesh

Background: The socio-economic importance of horses plays a decisive role in the dynamism of rural economies in remote regions of developing countries such as Bangladesh. Horses are particularly suitable for transportation and recreation in these areas. Methods: The study was conducted from January to March 2023 in 200 randomly selected horse families concentrated in Sherpur, Jamalpur, Tangail, Sirajganj, Natore, and Noagoan districts of Bangladesh. After the necessary corrections and modifications, the final questionnaire was created based on the objectives of the study. The data were collected by respondents individually through personal interviews. Results: The average number of horses per family was 1.18, with 70% of them being transported and only 11.5% participating in horse races. The average peak and the poor seasonal income of the farmers were recorded as BDT (12,920-6,717). On average, 2 kg of concentrate feed per day is supplied to each horse with forages in the morning and afternoon depending on the situation. All farmers practiced natural mating, but they did not perform vaccination (100%). The indigenous horse's face color was observed as a star of 30%, and 45% non-specific, while the coat color was chestnut 38.5%, bay 41.5%, grey 8%, pseudo-Albino 3.5%, black 3.5%, brown 1% and bay roan 4%. The chest stocking color was observed as black 48%, white 33%, black and white 19%. The average body length, chest girth, neck length, ear length, and body weight in the research region were 119.86±0.17 cm, 126.28±0.19 cm, 37.87±0.14 cm, 15.78±0.12 cm, and 160.43±0.65 kg. The body length and body weight (p=0.000) differ significantly from region to region. Age at first service, service per conception (no.), gestation length, and foaling interval were 2.34±0.07 years, 1.21±0.06 years, 10.91±0.33 months and 1.00±0.03 years, respectively. Conclusions: Horses have enormous potential for livelihoods in rural areas, so it is important to preserve and improve horse genetic resources and ensure sustainable horse rearing in Bangladesh.
The Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Methods, Treatment, and Outcomes of Listeria monocytogenes Meningoencephalitis: A Case Series Study from China

Background Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis (LMM) is a rare but dangerous infection of the nervous system. This study intends to summarize and discuss the clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcomes. Methods LMM patients treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2013 to December 2022 were retrospectively studied. The clinical data, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biochemical and hematological parameters, pathogen tests, treatments, and outcomes information were collected and summarized. Results Ten LMM patients were enrolled in this study. Three were female and seven were male, with a mean age of 54.5 years old. Seven (70%) of the patients had chronic conditions that either affected the liver (1 case), heart (1 case), or immune system (5 cases). The main clinical manifestations were fever (100%), headache, (60%), and disturbance of consciousness (60%). Out of the nine patients taken MRI, enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was observed with cerebral parenchyma and meningeal enhancement in 3 patients, whereas six patients showed non-specific abnormal signals and brain edema. Seven (70%) patients were positive for L. monocytogenes by bacterial culture and five patients were positive by further next-generation sequencing (NGS) test in CSF. All patients were treated with antibiotics based on antibiotic sensitivity tests or experience, with seven (70%) improved but three (30%) died within one month. Conclusion LMM patients have a high mortality rate. Considering the time and reliability of NGS reports, it would be better to identify L. monocytogenes infection in the CSF than bacterial culture. While, after diagnosis, giving timely and appropriate antibiotics would still be a challenge to achieve good outcomes.
Pollution des eaux dans le bassin du nakambe: Cas du barrage de Ziga

Le Burkina Faso est draine essentiellement par quatre (4) grands bassins-versants: le bassin du fleuve Niger, le bassin du fleuve Nakanbe, le bassin du Mouhoun et le bassin de la Comoe. Le Nakanbe est le bassin le plus peuple. La ville de Ouagadougou est presque entierement tributaire des eaux de surface de ce bassin. Les problemes d’approvisionnement en eau potable de la ville ont conduit a l’adoption du projet de barrage de Ziga. D’une capacite nominale de deux cents (200) millions de m3 au plan d’eau normal (P.E.N), cet important ouvrage a pour vocation l’approvisionnement en eau de la ville de Ouagadougou. Les populations riveraines du barrage pratiquent le maraichage sur les rives et avancent dans le lit du barrage au fur et a mesure que l’eau se retire. Pour lutter contre les insectes et les animaux nuisibles (vers, rats, rats-voleurs, lievres, perdrix, pintades sauvages, …) qui detruisent leurs legumes, ils emploient des pesticides de synthese, dont beaucoup sont interdits d’usage. Des fertilisants sont egalement utilises. L’objectif de cette etude est de determiner les perturbations physiques et chimiques subies par l’eau du barrage de Ziga par la mesure des parametres physicochimiques de l’eau et la determination des concentrations des residus de pesticides organochlores. Douze points de prelevement d’echantillons ont ete identifies et ceux-ci ont ete preleves au mois de fevrier et de mars 2012 et analyses pendant la meme periode. L’etude fait apparaitre que les perturbations physicochimiques restent limitees et que sur les vingt (20) pesticides organochlores recherches, cinq (5) ont ete detectes dans les eaux brutes du barrage de Ziga. Il s’agit de l’aldrine, de l’endosulfan sulfate, du alpha endosulfan, du beta HCH et du o,p- DDE. Mots cles : approvisionnement; eau; maraichage; pesticides; parametres physicochimiques
NODAL and SHH dose-dependent double inhibition promotes an HPE-like phenotype in chick embryos

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a common congenital defect that results from failed or incomplete forebrain cleavage. HPE is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum, with inter-and intrafamilial variability. This heterogeneity is not well understood and it has been suggested that HPE involves a combination of multiple gene mutations. In this model, several mutated alleles or modifying factors are presumed to act in synergy to cause and determine the severity of HPE. This could explain the various clinical phenotypes. Screening for HPE-associated genes in humans suggests the involvement of NODAL or SHH signaling, or both. To test this multigenic hypothesis, we investigated the effects of chemical inhibition of these two main HPE signaling pathways in a chick embryo model. SB-505124, a selective inhibitor of transforming growth factor-B type I receptors was used to inhibit the NODAL pathway. Cyclopamine was used to inhibit the SHH pathway. We report that both inhibitors caused HPE-like defects that were dependent on the drug concentration and on the developmental stage at the time of treatment. We also investigated double inhibition of NODAL and SHH pathways from the onset of gastrulation by using subthreshold inhibitor concentrations. The inhibitors of the NODAL and SHH pathways, even at low concentration, acted synergistically to promote an HPE-like phenotype. These findings support the view that genetic heterogeneity is important in the etiology of HPE and may contribute to the phenotypic variability.
Assessment of gully erosion rates through interviews and measurements: a case study from northern Ethiopia

Gullying has been widespread in the Ethiopian Highlands during the 20th century. It threatens the soil resource, lowers crop yields in intergully areas through enhanced drainage and desiccation, and aggravates flooding and reservoir siltation. Knowing the age and rates of gully development during the last few decades will help explain the reasons for current land degradation.
Alternative Processing Options for Improving the Proteins Functionality by Maillard Conjugation

Conjugation of the proteins with carbohydrates, occurring in the early stages of the Maillard reactions, received increased attention because of the high potential to ensure the improvement of the biological activity and functional properties of the proteins of different origins. The Maillard conjugates are conventionally formed through wet or dry heating, but the use of alternative technologies involving ultrasound, microwave, pulsed electric fields, high-pressure, or electrodynamic treatments appears to be efficient in accelerating the reaction steps and limiting the formation of toxic compounds. An overview of the mechanisms of these processing technologies, the main parameters influencing the Maillard conjugate formation, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, is provided in this paper. Different strategies employing these alternative technologies are reported in the literature: as pretreatment of the proteins, either alone or in admixture with the carbohydrates, followed by conventional heating, as a single alternative treatment step, or as a combination of heating and alternative processing. The desired functional properties of the proteins can be achieved by selecting the appropriate processing strategy and optimizing the reaction parameters. Moreover, alternative technologies can be exploited to obtain Maillard conjugates with remarkable biological activity in terms of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, or bifidogenic properties.
XXIV. The Classification of the Post-Carboniferous Intrusive Igneous Rocks of the West of Scotland

I. Introduction. No one studying the geological maps of Scotland, on whatever scale, can fail to be impressed by the enormous amount of igneous activity they disclose in the geological history of that country. The broad areas of pink or brown, indicating great lava plateaux, and the splashes and stripes of crimson, indicating intrusive rocks, are literally everywhere. Not only are the igneous rocks widely distributed in space, but also in time. Practically every formation up to the Permian supplies its quota. In the Archaean we have the great foundation of gneiss, with its inextricable tangle of acid and basic igneous rocks. The Dalradian schists and gneisses of the Grampians are everywhere penetrated by igneous masses now largely metamorphosed to massive epidiorites and hornblende schists. The Cambrian of the north-west Highlands contains an interesting complex of highly alkaline rocks, including borolanite and several other rare types. The Ordovician, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian in Scotland each exhibit a great series of extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks. Finally, after a long period of quiescence in the Mesozoic, an enormous outburst of igneous activity in the Tertiary gave rise to the great lava plateaux of the Western Isles. This richness in material makes Scotland a petrographer's paradise. The amount of work that has been done, however, in spite of the labours of Zirkel, Allport, Judd, Geikie, Teall, Harker and others, is very little in comparison with the great amount that still remains for petrographers to do. “No adequate investigation,” This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract
Newtonian Fluid Mechanics Treatment of Debris Flows and Avalanches

Calculations are carried out first for steady fully developed laminar flow on a slope. Application of this result to field data published in a previous paper by another author suggests that many debris flows are laminar. Then singular perturbation techniques are used to obtain first‐order solutions for unsteady non‐uniform flow from a point source on a steep slope. Solutions are obtained for both laminar and turbulent flows, and it is found that the laminar flow model gives the best description of laboratory data obtained by a previous investigator. A number of differences are observed in the behavior of the outer (kinematic wave) solutions for laminar and turbulent flow, and it is suggested that it is probably not possible to describe all debris flows and avalanches with laminar flow models. It is also suggested that more comparisons need to be made between theoretical results and field data measurements.
Gravimetric monitoring of gas-reservoir water influx — A combined flow- and gravity-modeling approach

Knowledge of the magnitude and distribution of water influx can be essential for managing water-drive gas fields. Geophysical fieldwide monitoring can give valuable information,particularlyoffshorewherewellcontrolissparseand observationwellsareexpensive.Advancesintheaccuracyof seafloor time-lapse gravimetry have made this method feasible. It can quantify which areas are flooded, providing information complementary to well-monitoring, production, and 4D seismic data. Gravimetric monitoring may aid materialbalance calculations, which are vital for assessing reservoirdrive mechanism and estimating initial and remaining gas volumes. In addition, it can constrain reservoir simulation models. Our goal is to produce better physical insight into typical density changes occurring in water-drive gas fields andtheirassociatedsurface-gravityresponse.Itisfeasibleto monitor displacement of gas by water in reservoirs that are only a few meters thick. Gravimetric monitoring can detect edgewater encroachment in early stages. With current accuracy, the method is applicable for gas reservoirs of modest size 210 8 m 3 in situ gas volume at medium depths 2k m.