Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Hospital Acquired Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase—Producing Proteus Species

Background: Multidrug resistance and production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) by a large group of bacterial agents in hospitals are to be a matter of scientific concern. Objective: This cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of ESBL producing Proteus species and risk factors associated with hospital acquired infection in addition to study the antibiotics susceptibility patterns of all bacterial isolates from inpatients of four Yemeni general hospitals. Methods: A total of 740 consecutive non-repeat culture isolates were obtained from admitted patients of Al-Kuwait University Hospital, Al-Thowra General Hospital, Al-Jumhori Teaching Hospital, and Military General Hospitals Sana’a city. We used Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method to detect antimicrobial susceptibility and establish the presence of ESBLs-producing bacteria according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: Out of 740 isolate, 233 (31.5%) were Escherichia coli followed by Staphylococcus aureus 188 (25.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 149 (20.1%), Klebsiella sp. 107 (14.5%), Enterococcus faecalis 25 (3.4%) and Proteus spp. 38 (5.1%). The highest frequencies of ESBLs producing among Proteus sp. were Proteus mirabilis 26 out 38 (68.4%) and Proteus vulgaris 12 out 38 (31.6%). The most effective of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among Proteus spp. were Imipenem (100%) followed by Pipracillin-Tazobactam (92.3%) for P. mirabilis and (83.3%) for P. vulgaris, while the Amikacin (80.8%) for P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris with (91.7%). Amoxicillin and Cefotaxime were the highest for both species (100%). Conclusion: The prevalence of ESBL-producing Proteus spp. detected in this study is of great concern for public health authorities and a strict adherence of infection control policies and procedures with continuous antibiotics resistance surveillance including antimicrobial management and routine detection of ESBL-producing isolates are very important to prevent nosocomial infections.
Quimiorradioterapia com ou sem cirurgia no manejo do câncer escamocelular de esôfago de acordo com o volume de tratamento hospitalar : Chemoradiotherapy with or without surgery for oesophageal squamous cancer according to hospital volume

Background and Purpose Oesophageal squamous cell cancer is still a challeging disease with a dismal prognosis. However, recente series have shown that patients treated with CRT+S and in high volume centre have better outcomes. The impact of centre volume on chemoradiotherapy with (CRT+S) or without (CRT) surgery remains unknown. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with locally advanced stage II-III (non-T4) Oesophageal squamous cell cancer treated with CRT or CRT+S in São Paulo (SP) state, Brazil. Descriptive variables were assessed with the chi-squared test after the categorisation of hospital volume (high volume, top five higher volume, or low volume, others). Overall survival was assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards. Finally, an interaction test between each facility’s treatments was performed.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of patient medication counseling among drug dispensers in North West Ethiopia.

Patient medication counseling on dispensing of medicines should give the patient clear and complete instructions on how to take or use drugs. The way drugs are taken by the patient is often influenced by the way drugs are dispensed and the type of information given during dispensing. The objective of this study was to assess drug dispensers’ knowledge, attitude and practice of patient medication counseling in drug retail outlets of Gondar and Bahir Dar towns. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patient medication counseling by using a self-administered semi-structured questioner. The questionnaire was distributed to dispensers to fill in their home or at their free time and collected in the next day. Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows version 16.0. Forty (62.5%) of the dispensers believe that patient counseling is a shared responsibility of pharmacy professionals and physicians. Only 29.7% of the dispensers always update their knowledge on drugs and their most frequent source of drug information on drugs were leaflets. Forty nine (76.6%) of dispensers respond as they know the formal way and the information included in patient counseling. Lack of adequate knowledge on drugs and up-to-date drug information was major factor that prevent dispensers from counseling patients. Most of the dispensers are not accessible to up-to-date drug informations. The dispensers give less counseling. Lack of knowledge and update drug information was the major barrier of patient medication counseling dispensers faced. Formal education should include patient counseling and continuous training should be given to increase dispensers’ knowledge on patient counseling. Up to date and relevant drug information sources should be given to dispensers.
CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN YOUNG ENDURANCE ATHLETES AND NONATHLETES

The purpose of this study was to examine, in male adolescents, the effects of long-term endurance training on cardiac structure and function, by adopting a cross-sectional comparison with a nonathletic control group. A total of 13 endurance-trained (EX) and seven untrained (CON) male adolescents (mean ± SE, age = 15.3 ± 0.3 and 15.2 ± 0.28 yrs, respectively) underwent echocardiography at rest to determine left ventricular enddiastolic dimension (LVDd), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDs), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). On separate days, incremental exercise tests were conducted on a cycle ergometer to measure peak oxygen uptake (V · O2max) and anaerobic power. V O2max was greater in the endurance group (54.4 ± 1.8 mL min ‐1 kg ‐1 ) than in the control group (45.8 ± 1.6 mL min ‐1 kg ‐1 ; p < 0.05). Mean exercise time was longer in EX (12.9 ± 0.7 min) than CON (10.4 ± 0.8 min; p < 0.05). No significant differences were noted between the two groups in resting heart rate, maximal heart rate, LVDd, LVD s, LVPW, SV, SV indexed, CO, and CO indexed, or in the anaerobic strength. These data provide evidence that endurance-trained adolescent males develop superior exercise performance before the cardiac remodeling that is evident in trained adult athletes.
Current aspects of statins

Clinical trials have demonstrated that inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (statins) significantly reduce cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality in patients with and without coronary artery disease. Furthermore, statins are currently the most potent cholesterol-lowering drugs available. Subanalyses of the LIPID study have shown that patients suffering from unstable angina pectoris had at least the same benefit from statin therapy as did patients after myocardial infarction. Studies recently published (AVERT) or not published yet (MIRACL) provide more information on the topic of therapy with statins in the early phase of acute coronary syndromes. J Clin Basic Cardiol 1999; 2: 203–8.
Physical Activity for Aboriginal Older Adults: A Scoping Study and a Case Study

In Canada, out of the total Aboriginal populations, the older Aboriginal adult populations continue to increase and suffer disproportionately poor health compared to non-Aboriginal seniors. Despite these facts, there is a dearth of research concerning Aboriginal older adults, especially regarding their engagement with physical activity. My thesis is written in the publishable paper format and is comprised of two papers. Using a scoping study methodology in paper one, I demonstrate that intersecting factors such as colonialism, social inequities, and physical activity practices that are rooted in Western ideals and do not address Indigenous older adults’ needs, all contribute to Indigenous older adults’ lack of participation in physical activity. Using a case study approach in paper two, I demonstrate how Elders In Motion, a program offered by the Northwest Territories Recreation and Parks Association (NWTRPA), shows a shift in physical activity programs becoming more respectful of older Aboriginal adults’ cultures and communities; however, while the staff at the NWTRPA has made a strong effort to adapt a southern-based program for northern communities in the NWT, there are several program features that reaffirm colonial practices and support Westernized ideas of physical activity. Taken together, the papers in this thesis make apparent that physical activity programs and research concerning physical activity for older Aboriginal adults continue to be embedded in colonial practices. As a result, there is a demonstrated need for program development and research in this area to work towards reducing health disparities and challenging colonial
Impaired β-Adrenergic Hyperpolarization in Arteries From Prehypertensive Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors leads to vascular smooth muscle hyperpolarization, presumably through the beta-adrenoceptors/Gs protein/adenylate cyclase/ATP-sensitive K(+)-channels (KATP) signaling cascade, which may play an important role in the sympathetic control of membrane potential. beta-Adrenoceptor-mediated hyperpolarization has been shown to be impaired in the established stage of experimental hypertension. The present study tested the hypothesis that beta-adrenergic hyperpolarization may be defective before the development of hypertension in some forms of genetic hypertension. We evaluated beta-adrenoceptor-mediated hyperpolarization using microelectrodes in mesenteric resistance arteries from 5-week-old, prehypertensive, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Isoproterenol-induced hyperpolarization was significantly smaller in SHR than in WKY (10(-7) mol/L: -4.6+/-0.6 versus -7.8+/-0.8 mV, P<0.01; 10(-6) mol/L -7.8+/-0.5 versus -9.8+/-0.6 mV, P<0.05; n=9). Furthermore, hyperpolarization to cholera toxin, a direct activator of Gs protein, was also impaired in SHR. On the other hand, hyperpolarization to forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, and to levcromakalim, a KATP opener, was comparable between groups. These findings suggest that beta-adrenoceptor-mediated hyperpolarization is defective in SHR before the development of hypertension, presumably because of an abnormality at the Gs protein site. Considering the importance of membrane potential in the control of vascular tone, altered beta-adrenergic control of membrane potential might play a role in the development of hypertension in SHR.
Hyoid suspension versus laser midline glossectomy in the management of obstructive sleep apnea

Background The base of the tongue and the hypopharynx are the major sites of obstruction in up to 50% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) possibly explaining the cause of failure in palatal surgery. Hyoid suspension and laser midline glossectomy can be used as a surgical treatment for tongue base and hypopharyngeal collapse. Objective The aim of this study was to compare hyoid suspension type I and laser midline glossectomy in the management of OSA as regards safety, efficiency, and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Patients and methods In this study, 30 patients were diagnosed as having OSA by means of polysomnography with retrolingual collapse using Muller maneuver. Fifteen patients were operated upon using hyoid suspension type I and the other 15 patients were operated upon using laser midline glossectomy. Results In hyoid suspension type I, the incidence of responder patients [50% or more reduction in their apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) plus reduction in the AHI below 20] was 66.67%, with reduction in the AHI by 77.2%, and the incidence of nonresponder patients was 33.33%, with reduction in the AHI by 36.17%. However, in midline laser glossectomy, the incidence of responder patients was 53.34% with reduction in the AHI by 73.87%, and the incidence of nonresponder patients was 46.67% with reduction in the AHI by 40.79%. Complications were higher in laser midline glossectomy compared with hyoid suspension type I. Conclusion Our data indicate that hyoid suspension type I may be safer and more effective with lesser morbidity compared with laser midline glossectomy.
A REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI EXTRACTS USING D IFFERENT SOLVENT AND THEIR EFFECTIVE DOSES

Plants and their extracts have immense potential for the management and treatment of disease. The phyto - medicines used for treatment are not only cheap and affordable but are also purportedly safe as hyper sensitive reactions are rarely encountered with the use of these agents. The Syzygium cu mini (Myrtaceae) is a popular traditional medicinal plant in India. This plant exhibiting tremendous pharmacological effect in different experimental works. To summarize all the pharmacological effect and their effective doses in diseased conditions this w ork is done. Different journals especially electronic journals are searched for collecting the data. In this review we concluded that this plant is highly beneficial for the treatment of disease and for th e prevention of disease like diabetes, inflammation , hyperglycaemia and CNS related diseases. However, there is a need for scientific validation, standardization and safety eva luation of plants of the traditional medicine before these could be recommended for treatment of the disease in human.
Renal function and cardiovascular events during antihypertensive treatment in elderly patients

Evaluation of: Hayashi K, Saruta T, Goto Y, Ishii M; JATOS Study Group: Impact of renal function on cardiovascular events in elderly hypertensive patients treated with efonidipine. Hypertens. Res. 33(11), 1211–1220 (2010). Antihypertensive therapy with efonidipine-based regimens increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) throughout the trial period in elderly patients with hypertension in both strict- and mild-treatment groups. The incidence of cardiovascular events was higher in patients with proteinuria than in those without proteinuria at baseline, while disappearance of proteinuria during antihypertensive therapy was closely associated with a reduced incidence of cardiovascular events. Furthermore, cardiovascular event rate was increased in patients with greater declines in eGFR during the study period of 2 years, although baseline eGFR did not correlate with the incidence of cardiovascular events. These findings have implications for therapeutic strategies in treating hypertension with reg.
ANALGESIC, ANTIPYRET IC AND ANTI - INFLAMMATORY STUDIES ON METHANOLIC EXTRACT O F JASMINUM TRICHOTOMUM LEAVES

The present study was planned to evaluate the analgesic, antipyretic and anti - inflammatory activities of methanolic extract of Jasminum trichotomum leaves in albino rats following oral administration. The results showed that the methan olic extract significantly reduce the acetic acid induce writhing in analgesic model. Its effects on antipyretic activity were also appreciable it significantly reduces fev er at higher doses within 2 hrs on yeast induce hyperthermia in rats. Edema induced by carrageenan was also significantly reduced within 1 to 7 hr. post dosing at all the dose
To compare the efficacy and safety of trichloroacetic acid peel with topical tretinoin in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans: A randomized controlled study

Background Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a common pigmentary disorder with several therapeutic modalities to treat. Topical tretinoin is the first drug of choice in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans, however, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel has also shown efficacy in the treatment of AN recently. Objective The study aimed to compare the efficacy & safety of trichloroacetic acid peel versus topical tretinoin in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans. Material and Methods Fifty patients with acanthosis nigricans were selected and randomly allocated into two groups, where group A was treated with topical tretinoin 0.025% daily and group B with 15% trichloroacetic acid peel once in 15 days. Patients were assessed every fortnight for the improvement for 2 months. The degree of improvement was assessed using a grading system i.e., upto 25% - minimal, 26-50% - moderate, 51-75% - good and >75% - excellent improvement. Results A total of 41 patients completed the study. At the end of treatment period 47.62% (n=10) patients in group A and 85% (n=17) patients in group B showed moderate improvement and 23.81% (n=5) in group A and 5% (n=1) in group B showed good improvement (p=0.0395). Side effects like erythema, burning sensation were more with topical tretinoin compared to TCA. Conclusion Topical tretinoin 0.025% cream is more efficacious than 15% TCA. Though TCA is less efficacious, it is safe and well tolerated. Hence 15% TCA peel can be considered as a second line therapy in management of acanthosis nigricans.
Outcomes of Post-Operative Topical Bevacizumab in Primary Pterygium Surgery: A Case Series

Background: To determine the efficacy and tolerability of topical bevacizumab as an postoperative adjunct in reduction of recurrence following primary pterygium surgery with conjunctival graft at a two year follow up. Methods: Prospective, non randomized case series. Twenty three consecutive patients with primary pterygium, without any ocular or systemic contraindication to bevacizumab were recruited for the study, with informed consent. All patients underwent primary pterygium excision with rotational conjunctival autograft. Postoperative regimen included plain antibiotic eye drops, preservative-free artificial tears from post operative day 1 and topical bevacizumab (1.25 mg/day), from day 4 postoperatively, q.i. d, for 30 days. Primary outcome measure: Recurrence of pterygium and side effects of treatment. Results: Mean age: 43.12 ± 3.24 years; The mean follow-up was 34.25 ± 2.4 months. Eleven patients were available for the 3 year follow up. None of the patients had a recurrence till the end of follow up. Post operative sequelae of surgery included dellen (2), hyperemia (1) and foreign body sensation (4), all managed. No side effects of topical therapy were noted (dellen occurred before starting bevacizumab therapy). Conclusion: Topical bevacizumab is a potentially useful, convenient and safe therapy as an adjuvant to pterygium surgery. Its safety and efficacy can be further verified with the help of a randomized trial.
Effect of Protein Energy Malnutrition on the Diarrheal Electrolyte Imbalance in Children of Chittagong Region, Bangladesh

The study was carried out to identify the risk factors involved in the development of Protein Energy Malnutrition and its effect on the diarrheal electrolyte imbalance in Bangladeshi children. Among a 100 protein energy malnourished children, 64 ±1.02% patients (Group-A) were edematous with 39 ± 0.93% kwashiorkor and 25 ± 0.78% marasmic kwashiorkor whereas 36 ± 0.86% (Group-B) was marasmic with 39 ± 0.77% diarrhea. Thus the patients have been suffering from acute respiratory infection 25 ± 0.35%, septicemia 29 ± 0.66%, tuberculosis 7 ± 0.36% and other secondary infections. Analysis of serum electrolytes revealed that hypokalemia was seen in 46 ± 0.84% patients of Group-A and 20 ± 1.01% of group B. Hypernatremia (Group-A) was seen in 14 ± 0.64% patients, low serum in 52 ± 0.55% while 32 ± 0.73% of them had diarrhea. Serum total protein and albumin of the kwashiorkor group were significantly (p<0.01) higher (39 ± 0.65%) than marasmic (36 ± 0.99%) and Marasmus Kwashiorkor (25 ± 0.45%) patients. The results demonstrate that protein energy malnutrition significantly affecting electrolytes of diarrheal children in Chittagong.
Etiology and Susceptibility of Blood Stream Infections in a Referral Hospital in North Delhi: A One Year Study.

Bacteremia can endanger the life of an individual if left untreated or if there is delay in initiation of appropriate therapy. Microbiologists owe the responsibility to adopt rapid blood culture techniques and communicate results promptly. Blood culture is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis of bacteremia. Culture helps to establish etiological diagnosis and susceptibility results guide therapy. Knowledge of the common etiological agents and their susceptibility patterns guide empirical therapy in an institution. Therefore a retrospective analysis of blood culture records was done in our hospital over a period of one year.
Relationship Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition And Blood Pressure in Punjabi Collegiate Population

Abstract The present study deals with the relationship between cardio respiratory fitness, body composition and blood pressure in Punjabi collegiate population (n = 148) aged 19 - 26 years. Height and weight were determined by kinanthropometric methods, blood pressure was measured with subjects lying supine after at least 5 min. rest, VO2 max was measured by Queen’s College Step test. The results indicated that there was a close association with VO2 max and percent body fat, and systolic blood pressure in boys, but in girls, correlation was found only between VO2 max and systolic blood pressure.
Clinical and Demographic Profile of Newly Detected HIV Positive Patients Registered at Anti Retroviral Therapy Centre of a Medical College

Context: AIDS, the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is evolving as a global pandemic. In India, the total number of people who live with HIV/AIDS was estimated to be 24 lakh (19.330.4) in 2009. In Madhya Pradesh, the Rewa district has been classified in category A by National AIDS Control Organisation NACO due to its high prevalence of HIV, based on the Sentinel Surveillance. An Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) Centre was established by NACO in Rewa, which started functioning in Jan 2010. Objectives: To study clinico demographic profile of the newly detected (who were not previously registered at any other ART centre ) seropositives who were registered at the Anti-retroviral Therapy Centre. Material and Method: The patients who were registered at the ART Centre were of two types, one, the newly detected HIV positives and the others, who are transferred from other ART centres. This was a cross sectional study in which the study group comprised of the recently detected positive cases who reported for the first time to the ART Centre, Rewa, from January to December 2010. Results: This study included 253 subjects, out of which of 143 were males and 110 were females. A majority of the subjects (83.39%) were in the age group of 15-45 years. The seropositivity was found to be associated with a low level of literacy and thus, to the unawareness about AIDS. Truck drivers and labourers who migrated for their livelihood were the important occupational groups among the males, who needed attention in the current preventive programme for AIDS.