Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of multilevel branching sewer systems

The problem of determining a minimum cost design of a multilevel branching storm sewer system is formulated by using a serial approach to describing the system and proceeding through the computational algorithm. Discrete differential dynamic programing (DDDP) is the basic search technique employed. Results for an example using the serial approach are compared to those achieved by using an earlier nonserial DDDP approach. The several advantages of the serial approach become increasingly important as the size and level of branching of the system increase. These advantages are outlined and discussed, the superiority of the serial over the nonserial approach being demonstrated.
Two-dimensional versus Three-dimensional Supernova Hydrodynamic Instability Growth

Numerical simulations using the SN hydrodynamics code PROMETHEUS are carried out to study the difference between growth of two-dimensional versus three-dimensional single-mode perturbations at the He-H and O-He interfaces of SN 1987A. We find that in the rest frame of an unperturbed one-dimensional interface, a three-dimensional single-mode perturbation grows ≈30%-35% faster than a two-dimensional single-mode perturbation, when the wavelengths are chosen to give the same linear stage growth in the planar limit. In simulations where we impose single-mode density perturbations in the O layer of the initial model and random velocity perturbations in the postshock fluid near the He-H interface, we find that both axisymmetric O spikes and three-dimensional O spikes penetrate significantly further than two-dimensional O spikes. The difference between two dimensions and three dimensions predicted by our calculations is not enough to account for the difference between observed 56Co velocities in SN 1987A and the results of previous two-dimensional simulations of SN 1987A, but our results suggest that the real three-dimensional hydrodynamics are noticeably different than the two-dimensional simulations predict.
Far-Infrared Investigation of Class 0 Sources: Line Cooling

We have investigated with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) the far-infrared spectra (43-197 μm) of a sample of 17 class 0 sources and their associated outflows. In addition to [O I] 63 μm, the pure rotational lines of abundant molecules such as CO, H2O, and OH are frequently observed in these sources, at variance with more evolved young stellar objects. We found, in agreement with previous studies conducted on individual sources, that the molecular line excitation arises from small regions, with typical sizes of 10-9 sr, of warm (200 < T < 2000 K) and dense gas (104 < n < 107 cm-3), compressed after the passage of shocks. In particular, we found slow, nondissociative shocks as the main mechanism at the origin of the molecular gas heating, while the bulk of the [O I] 63 μm line emission is due to the dissociative J-shock component arising from the Mach disk at the head of the protostellar jet, as testified by the fact that this line emission happens to be a good tracer of the source mass-loss rate. Large abundances of gas-phase H2O are commonly estimated, with values that appear to be correlated with the gas temperature. The total far-infrared (FIR) line cooling LFIR = L(O ) + L(CO) + L(H2O) + L(OH), which amounts to ~10-2 to 10-1 L☉, is roughly equal to the outflow kinetic luminosity as estimated by means of millimeter molecular mapping. This circumstance demonstrates that the FIR line cooling can be a valid direct measure of the power deposited in the outflow, not affected by geometrical or opacity problems like the determination of Lkin or by extinction problems like the near-infrared shocked H2 emission. We finally remark that the strong molecular emission observed, and in particular H2O emission, is a peculiarity of the environments of class 0 sources. The present analysis shows that the ratio between FIR molecular line luminosity and bolometric luminosity (Lmol/Lbol) is always larger than ~10-3 in class 0 objects. We suggest that this parameter could be used as a further criterion for identifying future class 0 candidates.
Process for the Biological Removal of Fe (II) from Reconstituted Waters on a Support of Filter Material with Coated Jujube Seeds

Three beakers for removing Fe (II) in reconstituted water (doped with FeSO 4 ) were built and tested. Given the set operating conditions ([O 2 ] > 4 mg·L −1 , P atm = 1.013 bar, T = 25˚C ± 1˚C and [Fe 2+ ] 0 = 0.5 to 2 mg·L −1 ), removal of iron was caused by biological and possibly physical and chemical oxidation because there is a quantity of free oxygen in the medium. The extent of each type of oxidation has not been evaluated as it specifically studies the biological degradation of iron in these beaker tests by setting the operating conditions (pH > 6.5, dissolved oxygen from 0 to 8 mg·L −1 , Redox Potential from 100 to 400 mV). The experimental studies focused particularly on the measurements of maximum wavelength, conversion efficiencies from Fe (II) to Fe (III), the effect of the Fe (II) concentration, the influence of pH, the action of the temperature of the prepared solutions and the effect of O 2 concentration under specified operating conditions. It noticed precipitated amounts of iron deposited at the bottom of the beakers. Thus, the low concentrations of Fe (II) detected in the influent after the biological oxidation operation could be attributed to microorganisms that consume iron as a substrate.
The Role of the m6A RNA Methyltransferase METTL16 in Gene Expression and SAM Homeostasis

The RNA methylation of adenosine at the N6-position (m6A) has attracted significant attention because of its abundance and dynamic nature. It accounts for more than 80% of all RNA modifications present in bacteria and eukaryotes and regulates crucial aspects of RNA biology and gene expression in numerous biological processes. The majority of m6A found in mammals is deposited by a multicomponent complex formed between methyltransferase-like (METTL) proteins METTL3 and METTL14. In the last few years, the list of m6A writers has grown, resulting in an expansion of our understanding of the importance of m6A and the methylation machinery. The characterization of the less familiar family member METTL16 has uncovered a new function of the m6A methylation apparatus, namely the fine-tuning of the cellular levels of the major methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). METTL16 achieves this by adjusting the levels of the enzyme that synthesizes SAM in direct response to fluctuations in the SAM availability. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding how METTL16 can sense and relay metabolic information and considers the wider implications. A brief survey highlights similarities and differences between METTL16 and the better-known METTL3/14 complex, followed by a discussion of the target specificity, modes of action and potential roles of METTL16.
Retention of Mutations in Colchicine-Induced Ornamental Succulent Echeveria ‘Peerless’

Mutation breeding has produced promising results, with exceptional attributes including pest/disease and environmental tolerance and desirable ornamental traits. Among the tools used in mutation breeding, chemical mutation is the most inexpensive way to develop novel plants. Succulents have gained popularity with high market demand because they require minimal watering and have plastic-like visuals. Ornamental succulents with rare leaf morphologies are costly. An LD50 study was conducted beforehand to determine the survival rates of colchicine-treated Echeveria ‘Peerless’. Mutants in the first generation (MV1) were identified and analyzed. Determining whether mutagenic characteristics are carried to the subsequent generation (MV2) is a key component in breeding programs. Additional investigation was performed by producing MV2 plants through vegetative propagation to determine mutagenic retention. For MV2, mutants exhibited shortened leaves, increased leaf width and thickness, and fewer leaves, which significantly differed from the control, indicating compactness, wider leaf apex, and varying leaf color. To confirm the mutations, stomatal analysis was conducted, wherein there was a decrease in density and an increase in stomatal size. Likewise, chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis confirmed the induction of polyploidization. Colchicine induction to develop new cultivars with novel phenotypic and cytogenetic characters is suitable for ornamental succulents.
Ordinality and Verbal Framing Influence Preschoolers’ Memory for Spatial Structure

ABSTRACT During the preschool years, children are simultaneously undergoing a reshaping of their mental number line and becoming increasingly sensitive to the social norms expressed by those around them. In the current study, 4- and 5-year-old American and Israeli children were given a task in which an experimenter laid out chips with numbers (1–5), letters (A-E), or colors (Red-Blue, the first colors of the rainbow), and presented them with a specific order (initial through final) and direction (Left-to-right or Right-to-left). The experimenter either did not demonstrate the laying out of the chips (Control), emphasized the process of the left-to-right or right-to-left spatial layout (Process), or used general goal language (Generic). Children were then asked to recreate each sequence after a short delay. Children also completed a short numeracy task. The results indicate that attention to the spatial structuring of the environment was influenced by conventional framing; children exhibited better recall when the manner of layout was emphasized than when it was not. Both American and Israeli children were better able to recall numerical information relative to non-numerical information. Although children did not show an overall benefit for better recall of information related to the culture’s dominant spatial direction, American children’s tendency to recall numerical direction information predicted their early numeracy ability.
Phonon scattering in silicon films with thickness of order 100 nm

Although progress has been made in the ab initio simulation of lattice dynamics in semiconducting crystals, information about the relaxation of nonequilibrium lattice vibrations remains incomplete. This work studies the relaxation times of room-temperature thermal phonons through measurements of thermal conduction along monocrystalline silicon films of thickness down to 74 nm. A repetitive oxidation and etching process ensures that the purity and crystalline quality of the films are comparable with those of bulk samples. Phonon-interface scattering reduces the thermal conductivity by up to 50% at room temperature. The data indicate that the effective mean-free path of the dominant phonons at room temperature is close to 300 nm and thus much longer than the value of 43 nm predicted when phonon dispersion is neglected. This study indicates that a broad variety of lattice transport characteristics for bulk silicon can be obtained through measurements on carefully prepared silicon nanostructures. The present .
Stokes Flow in a Trench Between Concentric Cylinders

In this paper we develop a separation of variables theory for solving problems of Stokes flow in annular trenches bounded by horizontal parallel planes and concentric vertical cylinders. The theory leads to a new set of Stokes flow eigenfunctions, adjoins eigenfunctions, biorthogonality conditions and an algorithm for the computation of the coefficients in an eigenfunction expansion of edge data prescribed on the horizontal boundaries. To illustrate the algorithm we compute the motion and the shape of the free surface on a liquid in the space between two cylinders which are maintained at different temperatures. The solution is constructed as a domain perturbation of the rest state in powers of the temperature difference. At the lowest significant order the problem is reduced to a Stokes flow problem of the desired type with edge data prescribed on the horizontal boundaries.
Use of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio Based on KDIGO 2012 Guideline in a Thai Community Hospital: Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and its Risk Factors

Background Kidney disease is hard to detect at its early stage; therefore, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 guideline was developed for improving care and outcomes of patients with kidney disease. This study aimed to determine clinical outcomes from applying this guideline in a community hospital service. Material/Methods The patients’ data were extracted from their medical records and analyzed for outcomes of using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) for detecting kidney disease. Results The eGFR was utilized in 36 172 patients aged ≥18 years, and 76.86% of them had normal kidney function. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was 8.20%; most patients (68%) with CKD were in stages 3a and 3b. The most common causes of CKD were diabetes and hypertension. The UACR was mainly used in patients with diabetes. The percentage of patients with UACR ≥3 mg/mmol creatinine alone was significantly higher than that of patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 alone in diabetes. Patients with controlled diabetes had a significantly higher percentage of normal kidney function and lower percentage of high UACR alone than patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Conclusions The prevalence and etiology of CKD in this region were similar to that of other regions. The KDIGO 2012 guideline helped identify CKD at the early stage. Most patients with diabetes in this region developed diabetic nephropathy in a classical pattern; thus, using eGFR concurrently with UACR could increase chances of detecting diabetic nephropathy at the early stage.
Effect of axial deformation on vibration of tall buildings

In this paper, the governing equations of a frame-core wall building are formulated through the continuum approach and the whole structure is idealized as a shear–flexural cantilever. The effect of axial deformation in the frame is considered and incorporated in the formulation of the governing equations. The Bubnov–Galerkin method is used to transform the governing differential equations into a set of algebraic equations. Numerical examples are solved and the results compared with the values obtained from the finite element package ‘ETABS’. The study indicates that the effect of axial deformation should be considered especially for tall and/or slender buildings. The proposed method is simple and efficient, provides reasonably accurate results and can be easily implemented on any personal computer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different origins of visible luminescence in ZnO nanostructures fabricated by the chemical and evaporation methods

We prepared ZnO nanostructures using chemical and thermal evaporation methods. The properties of the fabricated nanostructures were studied using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. It was found that the luminescence in the visible region has different peak positions in samples prepared by chemical and evaporation methods. The samples fabricated by evaporation exhibited green luminescence due to surface centers, while the samples fabricated by chemical methods exhibited yellow luminescence which was not affected by the surface modification. No relationship was found between green emission and g∼1.96 EPR signal, while the sample with yellow emission exhibited strong EPR signal.
The Nanteos Cup: Folklore and Heritage from Country House to the Internet

Abstract The colourful urban legend that surrounds the Nanteos cup features escaping monks, secret tunnels, and a crusader, but perhaps more than any other factor, it is a tribute to the power of the Internet. This damaged medieval mazer bowl, unearthed during renovations at a monastic site, found its way into a stately home in Wales. It was exhibited at an archaeological meeting, gained a local reputation for ‘healing’, and was absorbed into early twentieth-century speculations about the holy grail. At the end of the twentieth century, references to the object could be found in a handful of paper scraps recording cures, occasional accounts in local newspapers and guides, and a series of family letters in the National Library of Wales, plus hints in popular works about the grail. In the twenty-first century, Internet notices have risen exponentially, and the object is now on display at the National Library in Aberystwyth.
Evidence for a Flux Rope driven EUV wave and CME: Comparison with the Piston Shock Model

This paper examines the relationship between a coronal wave, filament eruption, flare and Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) which occurred on 2001, April 10th. We study the pre-flare activity which includes the eruption of a filament and a coronal wave. A large X-ray flare and a CME follow. We discuss how these phenomena are related and compare our results to recent models. These are found to be largely consistent with the numerical simulations of a flux rope driven CME as presented recently in Chen et al. (2002).
Establishment of Rapid and Accurate Screening System for Molecular Target Therapy of Osteosarcoma

Introduction Comprehensive analyses using clinical sequences subcategorized osteosarcoma (OS) into several groups according to the activated signaling pathways. Mutually exclusive co-occurrences of gene amplification (PDGFRA/KIT/KDR, VEGFA/CCND3, and MDM2/CDK4) have been identified in approximately 40% of OS, representing candidate subsets for clinical evaluation of additional therapeutic options. Thus, it would be desirable to evaluate the specific gene amplification before starting therapy in patients with OS. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study. We examined 13 cases of clinical OS samples using NanoString-based copy number variation (CNV) analysis. Decalcification and chemotherapeutic effects on this analysis were also assessed. Results First, the accuracy of this system was validated by showing that amplification/deletion data obtained from this system using various types of cancer cell lines almost perfectly matched to that from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). We identified potentially actionable alterations in CDK4/MDM2 amplification in 10% of samples and potential additional therapeutic targets (PDGFRA/KIT/KDR and VEGFA/CCND3) in 20% of samples, which is consistent with the reported frequencies. Furthermore, this assay could identify these potential therapeutic targets regardless of the sample status (frozen vs formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded [FFPE] tissues). Conclusion We established a NanoString-based rapid and cost-effective method with a short turnaround time (TAT) to examine gene amplification status in OS. This CNV analysis using FFPE samples is recommended where the histological evaluation of viable tumor cells is possible, especially for tumors after chemotherapy with higher chemotherapeutic effects.
QUANTIZING FIELD-INDUCED MAGNETIC PHASE IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS

Theory of magnetic-induction bifurcation in the Condon domain phase of a three-dimensional (3D) electron gas under high-magnetic field is presented. The results\char22{}the diamagnetic phase transition temperature and the induction bifurcation values\char22{}are in good agreement with nuclear magnetic resonance data in silver. The temperature dependence of the order parameter of the diamagnetic phase transition\char22{}the magnetization in each Condon domain\char22{}is obtained by a comparison of the theory with the experiment. The mean-field approach has been shown to lead to the universal behavior of an electron gas of 2D and 3D dimensionality.
Graph Convolution Neural Network Based End-to-End Channel Selection and Classification for Motor Imagery Brain–Computer Interfaces

Classification of electroencephalogram-based motor imagery (MI-EEG) tasks is crucial in brain–computer interface (BCI). EEG signals require a large number of channels in the acquisition process, which hinders its application in practice. How to select the optimal channel subset without a serious impact on the classification performance is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of BCIs. This article proposes an end-to-end deep learning framework, called EEG channel active inference neural network (EEG-ARNN), which is based on graph convolutional neural networks (GCN) to fully exploit the correlation of signals in the temporal and spatial domains. Two channel selection methods, i.e., edge-selection (ES) and aggregation-selection (AS), are proposed to select a specified number of optimal channels automatically. Two publicly available BCI Competition IV 2a (BCICIV 2a) dataset and PhysioNet dataset and a self-collected dataset (TJU dataset) are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both classification accuracy and robustness. Using only a small number of channels, we obtain a classification performance similar to that of using all channels. Finally, the association between selected channels and activated brain areas is analyzed, which is important to reveal the working state of brain during MI.
The Importance of Healthy Habits to Compensate for Differences between Adolescent Males and Females in Anthropometric, Psychological and Physical Fitness Variables

Adolescence is a crucial stage in human development, and differences in psychological, physical and body composition variables between males and females have been amply demonstrated. However, the role played by certain healthy habits, such as the practice of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD) or the maintenance of an adequate weight status, in compensating for the differences found between males and females in these variables, is not well known. For this reason, the study aimed to analyze whether the practice of physical activity, optimal AMD, and adequate weight status can compensate for the differences between adolescent males and females in anthropometric variables, psychological state, and physical fitness. The sample was composed of 791 adolescents (404 males and 387 females) aged twelve to sixteen years old, whose anthropometric, psychological (autonomy, competence, relatedness, and life satisfaction), and physical fitness variables (cardiorespiratory fitness, upper strength and explosive lower limb power, hamstring and lower back flexibility, and speed) were measured. All measurements were carried out in a single day using the sports pavilion of the four participating schools. The most novel results of this research show that the practice of physical activity was determinant mainly in females, as it reduced the differences found in comparison with males in psychological (p < 0.001–0.045) and anthropometric variables (p < 0.001). Regarding weight status and AMD, these were still relevant for the adolescent population, mainly the achievement of optimal AMD, but males continued to present higher values in physical fitness tests (p < 0.001) and lower values in fat accumulation (p < 0.001), regardless of weight status or AMD. Thus, physical activity seems to be the most determining factor that compensates for the differences between adolescent boys and girls.