Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Description of Pikeperch, Sander Lucioperca (L.), Semen Obtained from Males Held Under Different Rearing Conditions

Description of Pikeperch, Sander Lucioperca (L.), Semen Obtained from Males Held Under Different Rearing Conditions The aim of the study was to determine the concentration and motility of sperm and the osmotic pressure and total protein in the seminal plasma of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.). The samples investigated were milt from males held under various rearing conditions (ponds, tanks of a closed recirculating systems, cages). The highest percentage of motile sperm was noted in the semen samples from males held in basins, while the lowest percentage of motile sperm and the highest protein content was confirmed in the samples from spawners held in ponds. Sperm motility and the osmolality of the seminal plasma were low in all the spawner groups; this may indicate contamination with urine. As the content of protein rose in the plasma and the sperm concentration increased, so did their motility. Charakterystyka Nasienia Sandacza, Sander Lucioperca (L.) Pozyskanego OD Samców Przetrzymywanych W Różnych Warunkach Chowu Celem badań było określenie koncentracji i ruchliwości plemników, ciśnienia osmotycznego i białka ogólnego w plazmie nasienia sandacza Sander lucioperca (L.). Próby mlecza pozyskano od samców podzielonych na trzy grupy tarlaków, tj. ryby przetrzymywane w stawach, basenach i sadzach, które poddano stymulacji hormonalnej przy użyciu HCG. Wyniki prezentowanych badań świadczą o istnieniu zmienności osobniczej pod względem badanych parametrów jakości mlecza sandacza. Najwyższym odsetkiem ruchliwych plemników oraz najwyższymi wartościami ciśnienia osmotycznego cechowały się próby mlecza sandaczy, które przetrzymywano w basenach (grupa II; tab. 1). Najwyższą z kolei koncentrację plemników oraz zawartość białka całkowitego w plazmie nasienia stwierdzono w próbach, które pozyskano od samców przetrzymywanych w stawach (grupa I). Najwyższe współczynniki korelacji wyznaczono pomiędzy ruchliwością plemników a ciśnieniem osmotycznym plazmy nasienia i to bez względu na zastosowany roztwór aktywujący ruchliwość plemników (119 mM NaHCO3 + 0,5% albumina lub H2O), co świadczy o istotnym związku pomiędzy badanymi parametrami. Niski odsetek ruchliwych plemników i znaczna ilość prób z zerową ruchliwością może sugerować zanieczyszczenie mlecza moczem podczas jego pozyskiwania, co uwidocznione jest stosunkowo niskimi wartościami ciśnienia osmotycznego plazmy nasienia.
0.5MM×0.5MM 150KPA-Measure-Range High-Temperature Pressure Sensor with High-Performance and Low Fabrication-Cost

This paper reports a high temperature pressure sensor fabricated with TUB (thin-film under bulk) micromachining process from the front side of an ordinary (111)-SOI silicon wafer. Compared with the reported high temperature pressure sensor, the fabricated pressure sensor chip-size is as tiny as 0.5mm × 0.5mm with high sensitivity and low non-linearity. The testing results show that the 150-kPa-range pressure sensor has a full-scale output of 65.39mV/150kPa/3.3V, very high combined accuracy of 0.13%·FS within the range of -55°C to 300°C, and a low thermal hysteresis of 0.22%·FS at 300°C. In addition, the TCO (temperature coefficient of offset) is also tested to be as low as 0.01%/◦C·FS for a full measure range of 150 kPa and the TCS (temperature coefficient of sensitivity) is about -0.07%/◦C·FS.
VIEWPOINTS OF NURSES AND PATIENTS ON PAYING RESPECT TO THE PRIVACY OF PATIENTS IN CARE

Background and purpose: The need for privacy is a basic human right. Nurses are expected to respect the patients’ privacy. This study investigated the viewpoints of patients and nurses regarding keeping the patients’ privacy during nursing care. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 127 nurses and 384 patients meeting the criteria for study were selected through randomized sampling. Data was collected by a questionnaire designed by Heydari (2000) and analyzed using t-test and ANOVA in SPSS ver.18. Results: The results showed a significant difference on average score of the realm of human between nurses and patients (P<0.05). According to the studied population the levels of paying respect to human realm and private space in hospital were moderate. Significant relationships were seen in viewpoints of nurses’ considering their gender and educational level. We also found a significant correlation between the patients’ viewpoints and their level of education and place of residence. Conclusion: To enhance the quality of services provided by nurses they should consider patients’ right to privacy and care for them while respecting their privacy.
Persistence of Large Mammal Faunas as Indicators of Global Human Impacts

Abstract Large mammals often play critical roles within ecosystems by affecting either prey populations or the structure and species composition of surrounding vegetation. However, large mammals are highly vulnerable to extirpation by humans and consequently, severe contractions of species ranges result in intact large mammal faunas becoming increasingly rare. We compared historical (AD 1500) range maps of large mammals with their current distributions to determine which areas today retain complete assemblages of large mammals. We estimate that less than 21% of the earth's terrestrial surface still contains all of the large (>20 kg) mammals it once held, with the proportion varying between 68% in Australasia to only 1% in Indomalaya. Although the presence of large mammals offers no guarantee of the presence of all smaller animals, their absence represents an ecologically based measurement of human impacts on biodiversity. Given the ecological importance of large mammals and their vulnerability to extinction, better protection and extension of sites containing complete assemblages of large mammals is urgently needed.
β-Catenin safeguards the ground state of mousepluripotency by strengthening the robustness of the transcriptional apparatus

β-Catenin recruits BRD4 and other coregulators to protect pluripotency gene transcription against network perturbation. Mouse embryonic stem cells cultured with MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) and GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) inhibitors (2i) more closely resemble the inner cell mass of preimplantation blastocysts than those cultured with SL [serum/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)]. The transcriptional mechanisms governing this pluripotent ground state are unresolved. Release of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase II (Pol2) is a multistep process necessary for pluripotency and cell cycle gene transcription in SL. We show that β-catenin, stabilized by GSK3 inhibition in medium with 2i, supplies transcriptional coregulators at pluripotency loci. This selectively strengthens pluripotency loci and renders them addicted to transcription initiation for productive gene body elongation in detriment to Pol2 pause release. By contrast, cell cycle genes are not bound by β-catenin, and proliferation/self-renewal remains tightly controlled by Pol2 pause release under 2i conditions. Our findings explain how pluripotency is reinforced in the ground state and also provide a general model for transcriptional resilience/adaptation upon network perturbation in other contexts.
The shape of educational inequality

The ability of community college students to be successful is conceptualized, measured, and shown to be exponentially distributed. Hundreds of thousands of students drop out of school each year in the United States, despite billions of dollars of funding and myriad educational reforms. Existing research tends to look at the effect of easily measurable student characteristics. However, a vast number of harder-to-measure student traits, skills, and resources affect educational success. We present a conceptual framework for the cumulative effect of all factors, which we call student capital. We develop a method for estimating student capital in groups of students and find that student capital is distributed exponentially in each of 140 cohorts of community college students. Students’ ability to be successful does not behave like standard tests of intelligence. Instead, it acts like a limited resource, distributed unequally. The results suggest that rather than removing barriers related to easily measured characteristics, interventions should be focused on building up the skills and resources needed to be successful in school.
Purely satellite data–driven deep learning forecast of complicated tropical instability waves

We developed a deep learning model to forecast the sea surface temperature evolution associated with tropical instability waves. Forecasting fields of oceanic phenomena has long been dependent on physical equation–based numerical models. The challenge is that many natural processes need to be considered for understanding complicated phenomena. In contrast, rules of the processes are already embedded in the time-series observation itself. Thus, inspired by largely available satellite remote sensing data and the advance of deep learning technology, we developed a purely satellite data–driven deep learning model for forecasting the sea surface temperature evolution associated with a typical phenomenon: a tropical instability wave. During the testing period of 9 years (2010–2019), our model accurately and efficiently forecasts the sea surface temperature field. This study demonstrates the strong potential of the satellite data–driven deep learning model as an alternative to traditional numerical models for forecasting oceanic phenomena.
The Bethe Wavefunction

Michel Gaudin's book La fonction d'onde de Bethe is a uniquely influential masterpiece on exactly solvable models of quantum mechanics and statistical physics. Available in English for the first time, this translation brings his classic work to a new generation of graduate students and researchers in physics. It presents a mixture of mathematics interspersed with powerful physical intuition, retaining the author's unmistakably honest tone. The book begins with the Heisenberg spin chain, starting from the coordinate Bethe Ansatz and culminating in a discussion of its thermodynamic properties. Delta-interacting bosons (the Lieb-Liniger model) are then explored, and extended to exactly solvable models associated to a reflection group. After discussing the continuum limit of spin chains, the book covers six- and eight-vertex models in extensive detail, from their lattice definition to their thermodynamics. Later chapters examine advanced topics such as multi-component delta-interacting systems, Gaudin magnets and the Toda chain.
Population level differences in aggressiveness and their relationship to food density in a stream salmonid (Salvelinus fontinalis)

The hypothesis that stream salmonids from habitats with low food density will be more aggressive than conspecifics from habitats with higher food density was tested through behavioural observations of wild-caught young-of-the-year brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis in aquaria. Standing stocks of benthic invertebrates in a high food density habitat were more than double those in a low density habitat and charr from the latter were significantly smaller than those from the former. Charr from the low food density habitat were significantly more aggressive, as indicated by nipping attempts within pairs, than were those from the high food density habitat. Both populations were genetically isolated and food density differences seemed to be related to persistent features of their habitats. This suggests that the observed behavioural differences may have both genotypic and phenotypic Components
Integrated weed management and weed species diversity

Les methodes alternatives de gestion des mauvaises herbes, telles que la gestion integree, peuvent permettre la persistance de populations de mauvaises herbes sous un seuil economique determine. Une diversite accrue des especes de mauvaises herbes peut aussi en resulter. Si la diversite ainsi que le nombre d'interactions ecologiques augmentent, les especes de mauvaises herbes devraient etre considerees comme une communaute interactive plutot que comme un ensemble disparate de cibles contre lesquelles lutter. Cet article de synthese resume les methodes d'evaluation de la diversite dans des systemes non geres, examine comment les techniques de gestion integree peuvent modifier la diversite des especes de mauvaises herbes, et finalement, suggere des facons de developper des strategies pour gerer la diversite des mauvaises herbes par la gestion integree de celles-ci. Les methodes utilisees pour evaluer la diversite dans les systemes naturels peuvent servir a evaluer la diversite des mauvaises herbes dans des systemes alternatifs de gestion integree. Nous avons effectue des calculs preliminaires de diversite pour le labour reduit, l'utilisation modifiee des herbicides, les rotations culturales, la periode critique d'intervention contre les mauvaises herbes, les techniques d'amelioration de la competitivite des cultures et les methodes de lutte alternatives. Plusieurs de ces techniques de gestion integree peuvent eventuellement resulter en des modifications de la diversite des especes de mauvaises herbes. Nous avons examine les effets potentiels de ces changements sur la diversite des mauvaises herbes a l'interieur de six principaux elements de l'ecologie des communautes: la colonisation, la perturbation, l'environnement physique, les interactions inter- et intra-communautes, et la dynamique de ces communautes. Des occasions de developper des strategies de gestion des communautes de mauvaises herbes existent a l'interieur de chacun de ces elements. Si la diversite pouvait etre geree tout en maintenant des rendements acceptables, certains benefices decoulant de la presence des mauvaises herbes et non encore consideres pourraient etre observes, tel que le predisent les relations existant entre les plantes de communautes non gerees. De plus, l'objectif d'obtenir un systeme de production plus durable, tenant compte de la diversite des communautes de mauvaises herbes, pourrait etre accompagne d'orientations vers une politique encourageant la biodiversite des agro-ecosystemes.
Boron deprivation immediately causes cell death in growing roots of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

Abstract Boron (B) is essential for the correct formation of cell wall structure because it is a component of borate-ester cross-links in pectin. Previously, we showed that removal of B from the culture medium immediately induced stress responses in suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cells, but the mechanism by which cells exhibit such rapid responses remained unclear. In this study, we characterized the early responses of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. to B deprivation. Deprivation of B for 1 h caused cell death specifically in the root elongation zone. Reactive oxygen species accumulated in the same region, suggesting that the death was caused by oxidative damage. The B-deprivation treatment also induced the expressions of stress-responsive genes within 1 h. These results demonstrated that A. thaliana immediately senses and responds to the removal of B from the external medium. Similar responses were induced by calcium deprivation but not magnesium or potassium deprivation, suggesting that the failure of cross-linking in pectin molecules in growing cells triggers these rapid responses.
On the Performance of Short Block Codes over Finite-State Channels in the Rare-Transition Regime

As the mobile application landscape expands, wireless networks are tasked with supporting different connection profiles, including real-time traffic and delay-sensitive communications. Among many ensuing engineering challenges is the need to better understand the fundamental limits of forward error correction in non-asymptotic regimes. This article characterizes the performance of random block codes over finite-state channels and evaluates their queueing performance under maximum-likelihood decoding. In particular, classical results from information theory are revisited in the context of channels with rare transitions, and bounds on the probabilities of decoding failure are derived for random codes. This creates an analysis framework where channel dependencies within and across codewords are preserved. Such results are subsequently integrated into a queueing problem formulation. For instance, it is shown that, for random coding on the Gilbert-Elliott channel, the performance analysis based on upper bounds on error probability provides very good estimates of system performance and optimum code parameters. Overall, this study offers new insights about the impact of channel correlation on the performance of delay-aware, point-to-point communication links. It also provides novel guidelines on how to select code rates and block lengths for real-time traffic over wireless communication infrastructures.
A Secure and Efficient Access and Handover Authentication Protocol for Internet of Things in Space Information Networks

Space information network (SIN) makes it possible for any object to be connected to the Internet anywhere, even in the areas with extreme conditions, where a cellular network is not easy to deploy. Access authentication is the key to secure users’ access control in SIN, mainly to prevent illegal adversaries from getting access to SIN services. However, the highly complicated communication environment of SIN (e.g., exposed links, higher signal delay, etc.) poses a challenging issue in the design of a secure and efficient authentication scheme. Although some authentication schemes have been proposed for SIN, they are unsuitable for Internet of Things (IoT) in SIN due to the high signaling overhead and insufficient security properties. Therefore, in this paper, we design a provably secure and efficient authentication protocol, along with an efficient handover mechanism, for IoT in SIN. In our design, we introduce a new authentication system model, where the satellites are given the ability to authenticate users to avoid the online involvement of the network control center (NCC) when authenticating users, thereby reducing long authentication delay and avoiding a single point of bottleneck in NCC. Furthermore, the support of batch verification in our design can significantly enhance handover efficiency when a group of users switch to another satellite. Our further analysis shows that our scheme is secure against various attacks and can meet a variety of security requirements. In addition, performance evaluation shows the superiority of our scheme on both delay and handover efficiency compared with existing schemes.
Cultivation options for indoor and outdoor growth of Chaetoceros gracilis with airlift photobioreactors

Various configurations and modes of airlift photobioreactors were examined in the cultivation of Chaetoceros gracilis. Internal loop and external loop airlifts were cultivated in a batch mode in a controlled indoor environment. The external loop system provided a better performance than the internal loop system due to better light exposure. A continuous operation was conducted in an internal loop airlift photobioreactors-inseries. This was designed to minimise the effect of light blocking due to overgrown cells as the high-density culture was, in this configuration, only limited to the last airlift column in the series. Outdoor large-scale operation was conducted in a flat-panel airlift photobioreactor. Due to uneven light availability, the outdoor culture could not perform as well as the indoor one in terms of growth rate. Among the four systems investigated, the continuous culture in airlift photobioreactors-in-series provided the best performance with the highest cell density of 12.12 × 10 cells mL. Cost analysis based on the maximum number of reactors that can be installed in one square metre indicates that the indoor system requires lowest operating cost per unit cultivation area, whereas the outdoor system provides highest profit as a result of the inherited large productivity.
Microbial respiration within a floodplain aquifer of a large gravel‐bed river

1. Aerobic respiration, productivity and the carbon turnover rate of microbial biofilms were determined at hyporheic and phreatic sites in the Kalispell Valley alluvial aquifer along a transect extending 3.9 km laterally from the main channel of the Flathead River, a sixth order river in Montana (U.S.A.). The effect of experimentally increasing bioavailable organic carbon (acetate) on the respiration rate of biofilms in this carbon-poor [dissolved organic carbon (DOC) < 2 mg L -1 ] aquifer was also measured. 2. Chambers containing natural substratum were placed in-situ and allowed to colonise for 20 weeks. After 4, 12 and 20 weeks, they were taken to the laboratory where oxygen flux was measured in a computer-controlled, flow-through respirometry system. 3. Respiration ranged from 0.01 to 0.33 mg O 2 dm -3 h -1 across sites, with means ranging from 0.10 to 0.17 mg O 2 dm -3 h -1 . Productivity estimates ranged from 0.18 to 0.32 mg C dm -3 day -1 (mean 0.25, SE 0.03). The total organic carbon (TOC) of the microbial biofilms ranged from 18.2 to 29.7 mg C dm -3 . Turnover rate ranged from 3.2 to 5.6 year -1 with a mean of 4.2 year -1 . 4. At the hyporheic site very close to the river, respiration did not significantly increase when samples were supplemented with labile carbon. Respiration increased with increasing DOC addition at hyporheic sites more distant from the river, suggesting a carbon-limitation gradient within the hyporheic zone. Microbes at the phreatic site did not respond to increasing DOC addition, suggesting that the phreatic biofilm is adapted to low carbon availability. 5. Comparing the volume of the alluvial aquifer (about 0.7 km 3 ) to that of the river benthic sediments (to 0.25 m depth, which amounts to about 1.6 x 10 -4 km 3 ) within the Flathead Valley, leads to the conclusion that interstitial microbial productivity is orders of magnitude greater than benthic productivity. Alluvial aquifers are often voluminous and microbial production is an enormous component of ecosystem production in rivers such as the Flathead.
Equilibrium Tuition, Applications, Admissions, and Enrollment in the College Market

I develop and estimate a structural equilibrium model of the college market. Students, having heterogeneous abilities and preferences, make application decisions subject to uncertainty and application costs. Colleges, observing noisy measures of student ability, choose tuition and admissions policies to compete for better students. Tuition, applications, admissions, and enrollment are joint equilibrium outcomes. I estimate the model using the NLSY97 via a three-step procedure to deal with potential multiple equilibria. I use the model to examine the extent to which college enrollment can be increased by expanding college supply and to assess the importance of various measures of student ability.