Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
iron sulfur cluster assembly in photosystem I of cyanobacteria: the role of SufR (SUF) and Fdx (ISC)

The suf operon is composed of four genes (sufB, sufC, sufD and sufS) and is highly conserved in the genomes of cyanobacteria. Open reading frame sll0088 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is located near the 5’ end of the suf operon, but is divergently transcribed from it. The same gene organization was also found in several other cyanobacterial strains. The C14SPsaC mutation in Photosystem I of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 abolished photoautotrophic growth. A secondary mutation in two independent suppressor strains of C14SPsaC mapped to sll0088. The protein encoded by sll0088 has two significant features: 1) a DNA-binding domain near the N-terminus; and 2) four highly conserved cysteine residues near the C-terminus. The protein has high sequence similarity to transcription regulatory proteins with a conserved DNA binding domain and can be classified in the DeoR family of helix-loop-helix proteins. The protein falls into a further subclass that contains a C-X12-CX13-C-X14-C motif near the C-terminus, which may represent a metal-binding site. Compared to the wild-type, the expression level of the sufBCDS genes was elevated when cells were grown under conditions of oxidative and iron stress, and were even more elevated in a null mutant of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 in which the sll0088 homolog was insertionally inactivated. In agreement with the proposed role of the sufBCDS genes in iron metabolism, the null mutant exhibited a significantly faster growth rate than the wild-type under iron-limiting conditions. It is proposed that the protein encoded by sll0088 is a transcriptional repressor of the suf operon, and the gene is named sufR.
Ingroup norms shape understanding of outgroup prosocial behaviors

This research investigated whether ingroup norm moderates the effect of positive or prosocial interactions on the understanding of intergroup prosocial behaviors. Among four experiments in three different cultural samples (U.S. Americans, Kosovan Serbs, and Kosovan Albanians; N = 808), results showed that participants attributed fewer prosocial motives and reported less willingness to accept help when the helper was an outgroup than an ingroup member. However, these effects were weaker or nonsignificant in the tolerant norm condition, as compared to the intolerant norm or control conditions. In addition, participants were more willing to interact with the outgroup (vs. ingroup) helper in the tolerant norm condition, as compared to the intolerant norm or control conditions. Finally, normative expectations, the attribution of prosocial motives to the helper, and the anticipated quality of the interaction with the helper sequentially explained the observed effects. The theoretical and practical implications of these results for intergroup help and intergroup contact literature are discussed.
THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM: MEDIA HYPE OR EMPIRICALLY BASED EFFECTIVENESS?

Few teaching concepts have received as much attention in recent years as the Flipped Classroom (FC). This is clearly linked to media attention on the concept, which is currently being intensified by the Corona pandemic. In this research, the media rise of the concept is explained and the discrepancy between popularity and empirically validated research results is clarified. While the literature basis for the FC has grown enormously over the last decade, reviews and initial meta-analyses have shown, through their filter criteria, that not many of studies can meet scientific standards. The comparison of individual studies is particularly difficult, because there is no uniformly accepted framework and no uniform definition of the concept. For this reason, one of the goals of this research was to give an overview of the variety of FC definitions, discuss its most controversial characteristics, and to provide the key elements for a definition of the FC. A comparison of selected studies and reviews shows an assessment of the effectiveness of the teaching concept. The findings shed light on potential problems and challenges, and provide directions for future research. Keywords: active learning, digitalization of education, e-learning, flipped classroom
Physicochemical Properties of Fused Organic Salts

Es wurden die Leitfähigkeit, die Dichte und die Oberflächenspannung der reinen geschmolzenen organischen Salze: CH3NH3C1(MAH), C2H5NH;C1" (EAH), iso-C3H7NH3Cr (iso-PAH), n-C4H9NHJCl(n-BAH), (CH3)2NH2C1" (DMAH) und (C2H3)2NH2C1" (DEAH) in den Temperaturgrenzen, in welchen diese Salze im geschmolzenen Zustand stabil sind, gemessen. Alle diese Eigenschaften variieren stark mit der Temperatur und ändern sich systematisch mit der Zahl der KohlenstofFatome im Alkylammonium-Kation.
Increased efficacy of radiation protection against fission neutrons using unithiol

It was found that the combination of unithiol (Sodium salt of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propansulfonic acid) with cystamine and AET diminished their toxicity. The optimum ratio for the antitoxic effect is 0.5 molar equivalent of unithiol per radioprotective 1.0 equivalent of thiol. Animals withstand big doses of protectors well, that gives an opportunity to use increased amounts of cystamine and AET. In the experiments with circular irradiation of male (CBA x C57B1)F1 mice weighing 18-22 g with fission neutrons (the neutron mean energy was 0.85 MeV, the contribution of gamma-quanta to the total was 25%, dose rate was 14 cGy/min) it was shown that the combination of unithiol with cystamine and AET enhances their radioprotective effect: the DRF of cystamine (150 mg/kg)--1.1, and the DRF of the combination of cystamine (300 mg/kg) with unithiol (152 mg/kg)--1.2; the DRF of AET (150 mg/kg)--1.2, the DRF of the combination of AET (300 mg/kg) with unithiol--1.4. Thus, the enhancement of dose of the radioprotectors, which was made possible as a result of their combination with unithiol, leads to enhancement of efficacy of chemical protection against fission neutron irradiation as much as 10-20%. Efficacy of AET is found to be comparable to efficacy of this protector in conditions of X-rays irradiation.
Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical Characteristics

Turning the food waste into a fuel source such as charcoal briquette was one of the alternatives in managing the food wastes disposal. In this present work, food waste was converted into charcoal by microwave irradiation technique. Application of binders such as potato starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at ratios of 5%,10% and 15% for briquetting purpose were investigated in terms of its chemical and physical characteristics. Result showed that the briquette formed using the starch as the binder performed better in combustion quality than that of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). A good quality of charcoal briquette has capability to withstand impact during packaging, handling, and transportation. Standard physical characteristic that was tested for briquette includes moisture content, compressive strength, and impact resistance. Calorific value of briquette was studied to analyse energy content in the briquette. The study showed that food waste charcoal has calorific value comparable to that of the commercial charcoal. However, the addition of binders showed some reduction in the energy content, with more reduction when CMC is added. In terms of combustion characteristic, the addition of binders does not alter the combustion profile in comparison to the raw food waste charcoal’s profile. The ignition and burnout temperatures of the food waste charcoal briquette showed a better performance with and without binders as compared to the commercial charcoal. In terms of physical characteristics, CMC has showed as an excellent binder with highest shatter index value. Overall, in terms of chemical properties, addition of 10% starch showed a better performance, while addition of 10% CMC showed a better performance in terms of physical characteristics. This finding is beneficial for briquette industry in the development of green product using biomass, but further research is essential before production of briquette take place.
Quality of Provider-Client Interaction in a Reproductive Health Clinic in Isabela, Philippines

Little is known about the quality of care in reproductive health or family planning clinics, much less the quality of interaction between the provider and pregnant women in the Philippines. This study sought to find out the perceived quality of interaction between the women seeking prenatal care and the health care providers in a public reproductive health services clinic in a municipality in Isabela, Philippines. Thirty pregnant women, mostly at their early reproductive years, who had sought health care services at this clinic were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and semi-structured guide to allow for probing. Results reveal that the women perceived that the health care providers demonstrated good communication skills, did not look down on the women, and did not act in ways that showed no regard for them. However, the interface between them was perceived to be one-way, with the provider dominating the interaction and the women in meek subservience. Also, sympathy/empathy for the clients and a relaxed interaction were only somewhat evident. Hostile words were heard frequently. Health care providers must consider creating an atmosphere of relaxed, two-way communication with an element of respect as they interact with their patients.
Gully controlling practices associated with soil geotechnical properties in the subhumid Ethiopian highlands

Check dams are business as usual practices used to avert gully erosion development and sedimentation in the downstream areas of the humid highlands of Ethiopia. We investigated the status of check dams and their relationship with geotechnical soil properties in the sub-humid Fogera floodplain. The density of gullies in the area was more sever having about 3.6 km km-2 which shows the severity of gully erosion. Thirty-two dams constructed and monitored over one rainy season. In the beginning of the rainy season, all the dams filled up with sediments, and at the end of the monitoring period ninety five percent of them had destroyed and the remainings had partially destroyed and had sediments accumulated on one side of the gully bank. The longitudinal gradient of streams above the dams decreased due to sedimentation. The morphological change of the gully showed an increase in width-depth ratio, gully bank erosion, and sediment aggradation in the gully bed. We found that the amount of sediments deposited behind the dams were higher than the amount of eroded material. The higher clay content and Atterberg limits increased soil erodibility once the gully channel formed. The erodibility and saturation in these soils were highly contributing to gully development and reducing the effectiveness of check dams. In conclusion, it is better to adopt an integrated novel practice to control gullying than solely using check dams.
Water cooled PV panel efficiency in Osmaniye environment

In this study, the electrical and thermal efficiency of the natural convection water-cooled photovoltaic panel (PV) is compared with the standard PV module. PV modules are made up of polycrystalline solar cells. As it is known that, an increase in PV panel temperature results in a decrease in electrical efficiency. The aim of this study is to increase PV panel electrical efficiency. PV panel characteristic values such as air/PV panel temperature, solar radiation, voltage, current, and power are recorded for both panels to the computer simultaneously. The thermal and electrical energy performance of PV panels are analyzed comparatively. The results are presented in detail. The water circulation structure is mounted under the PV module by using a glue that has good heat conductivity. The structure contains an S-shaped pipe and a plate made of copper. The plate is used for better heat absorption from the PV panel which is mounted downside of the panel with glue. The efficiency of the PV module with having a proposed cooling system and normal PV module is analyzed. For the overall efficiency, it is observed that the water-cooled PV system is better than the standard PV module by % 6.2.
Analyzing Pre-service Teachers’ Educational Philosophy Preferences, Curriculum Design Orientation, and Epistemological Beliefs with Structural Equation Model

The purpose of this study is to examine the partial mediating effect of epistemological beliefs in the correlation between preferences towards educational philosophy and the curriculum design approach of pre-service teachers. For this purpose, pre-service teachers’ educational philosophy preferences, curriculum design orientation, and epistemological beliefs have been analyzed, and a model has been developed. Three different instruments have been implemented to randomly chosen 568 pre-service teachers in several departments in Necatibey Faculty of Education of Balikesir University in Turkey. In the analyzing process, first, a measurement model has been developed, and compatibility of the model with real data has tested, second, Pearson correlation coefficients have calculated, and the levels have defined, third, t values have calculated for the direct effect between preference for educational philosophies and curriculum design orientation preference, and at last, the epistemological beliefs have added to the model, and the moderating role on them has calculated. Based on findings, it can be concluded that from the pre-service teachers perspective; there is a positive correlation between widely accepted educational philosophies, and curriculum design orientations and there is a positive correlation between epistemological beliefs in effort and contemporary educational philosophies. In line with that, there is a positive correlation between epistemological belief in effort, and student-oriented design and problem-oriented design. Besides educational philosophy preferences (P=.14) and epistemological beliefs (P=.18) have a separate effect on curriculum design orientation, and epistemological beliefs (CIs = - .029 ~ .588) do not have a mediating role on the effect of educational philosophy preferences.
Present and potential applications of membrane processing in the food industry

This paper reviews the most recent innovations in membrane modules and/ or processes that appear to affect the food (dairy products, fermented and alcoholic beverages, fruit juices, vegetable oils, etc.) and drinks (potable water and soft-drinks) industries in the short-medium term. Basic mass transport equations and the general relationship between solvent permeation flux and solute concentration are examined as a function of the separation range of membranes. Future perspectives for membrane processing in the food sector are also outlined.
A Four-Order Linear Recurrence Formula Involving the Quartic Gauss Sums and One Kind Two-Term Exponential Sums

The main purpose of this paper is using the analytic method and the properties of the classical Gauss sums to study the computational problem of one kind hybrid power mean involving the quartic Gauss sums and two-term exponential sums and give an interesting four-order linear recurrence formula for it. As an application, we can obtain all values of this kind hybrid power mean with mathematica software.
Education for multiculturalism in a master's degree program in Policy and Administration in Education: Comparing Jewish and Arab students in Israel

The research investigated whether there is a correlation between participation in a course entitled "Diversity and multiculturalism in the global era" as perceived by Jewish and Arab students in Israel and a change in the students' attitudes and behaviors and their performance of activities in a multicultural context in the education field. The course was part of a master's degree program in Policy and Administration in Education in an academic college in central Israel. Pre-course and post-course questionnaires were administered to the course participants. Participants were 528 students; 177 responded to the pre-course questionnaire and 351 responded to the post-course questionnaire. The research findings indicated a direct association between participation in the course and activities conducted in the education field. In addition, students’ acquisition of knowledge on multiculturalism mediated the association between participation in the course and performance of multicultural activities in the education field. Differences were found between Jewish and Arab students' reports: Jews reported a multicultural academic atmosphere significantly more than Arabs. Contrastingly, Arab students gave significantly higher grades than Jewish students to reciprocal relations between the groups in the college and reported a more positive change in their attitudes towards the other group and towards multiculturalism and were more convinced that the course contributed to their multicultural thinking. These findings have theoretical and practical implications that can inform policymakers planning education for multiculturalism as a permanent component in academic programs, while responding to different sectors' cultural uniqueness to promote equality between them.
Different hybrid machine intelligence techniques for handling IoT-based imbalanced data

In the era of automatic task processing or designing complex algorithms, to analyse data, it is always pertinent to find real ‐ life solutions using cutting ‐ edge tools and techniques to generate insights into the data. The data ‐ driven machine learning models are now offering more or less worthy results when they are certainly balanced in the input data sets. Imbalanced data occurs when an unequal distribution of classes occurs in the input datasets. Building a predictive model on the imbalanced data set would cause a model that appears to yield high accuracy but does not generalize well to the new data in the minority class. Now the time has come to look into the datasets which are not so ‐ called ‘balanced’ in nature but such datasets are generally encountered frequently in a workspace. To prevent creating models with false levels of accuracy, the imbalanced data should be rearranged before creating a predictive model. Those data are, sometimes, voluminous, heterogeneous and complex in nature and generate from different autonomous sources with distributed and decentralized control. The driving force is to efficiently handle these data sets using latest tools and techniques for research and commercial insights. The present article provides different such tools and techniques, in different computing frameworks, to handle such Internet of Things and other related datasets to review common techniques for handling imbalanced data in data ecosystems and offers a comparative data modelling framework in Keras for balanced and imbalanced datasets.
Seed micromorphology and anatomy of 36 Muscari (Asparagaceae) taxa from Turkey with notes on their systematic importance

This study presents the first in-depth evaluation of the morphological and anatomical characters, as well as their taxonomic importance, of the seeds of 36 taxa in subgenera Muscari, Leopoldia, Pseudomuscari and Botryanthus of the genus Muscari in Turkey, where 24 of the taxa are endemic. The results indicate that the taxa generally differ from each other in terms of seed shape and dimension. Seed dimensions vary between 1.66 mm and 3.21 mm in length, and between 1.12 mm and 2.63 mm in width. The seed surface ornamentation is grouped into nine forms: ruminate, reticulate, reticulate-areolate, reticulatefoveate, alveolate, scalariform, rugose, verrucate and areolate. The most common type is ruminate, while areolate, reticulate-foveate and scalariform ornamentation forms were found to be taxon-specific. Testa structures of the taxa examined consist in general of two different layers: the epidermis and the subepidermis in scleranchymatous or parenchymatous structures. The subepidermis may be absent in some of taxa. The structure and thickness of the epidermis and the subepidermis are very important characteristics that disclose interspecific relations among the examined taxa. We also provide a key for the identification of the studied taxa based on seed features.
THE EFFECT OF EXPERIENCE ON REDUCING THE OVERCONFIDENCE EFFECT IN TEACHERS

Being overconfident in one’s abilities is connected to poor self-judgment and it is essential to find ways how to reduce this phenomenon. The aim of the study was to research whether the act of taking a reading literacy test can be an effective means of reducing the overconfidence effect in the sample of Slovak teachers. Using purposive sampling method, a sample of 225 teachers from across school levels was obtained. The levels of overestimation (OE) and overplacement (OPE) effects were compared before and after having undergone the reading literacy test. The results showed that even just taking the test can reduce OE and to a lesser degree also OPE in all participants regardless of the feedback, which was in contrast to the original belief that just the experience itself does not affect overconfidence. Greater reduction in OE was observed in less competent participants, whereas none was observed among the more competent. These results showed that experience is also a form of debiasing. Keywords: overconfidence effect, overestimation effect, effect of experience, debiasing overconfidence
Modeling Extreme Warm‐Air Advection in the Arctic During Summer: The Effect of Mid‐Latitude Pollution Inflow on Cloud Properties

Usually the Arctic is relatively free of anthropogenic influence in summer, which means that particles from natural sources can be the most significant nuclei for cloud droplets. However, this is not the case during anomalously warm‐air intrusions when the air origin comes from lower latitudes. In this modeling study, we investigate the effect of mid‐latitude pollution inflow (anthropogenic and biomass burning [BB]) on the aerosol‐cloud‐radiation interactions during an episode of extreme warm‐air advection. This particular episode resulted in anomalously high air temperatures over the East Siberian Sea and has accelerated sea‐ice melting. The impact of different emission sources on aerosol vertical distribution, chemical composition, cloud formation, and radiation budget is examined using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, fully coupled with chemistry. Elevated turbulent clouds that occurred at the beginning of the episode are found to be more sensitive to aerosol variations and their negative feedback on supersaturation, compared to stably stratified fog layers that were dominant during the core period. Omission of either anthropogenic or BB source results in decreased cloud liquid water and cloud droplet concentrations; however, these changes are not substantially large to significantly modify the net surface radiation budget. Significant reduction of the net surface radiation is only observed if both anthropogenic and BB transported pollution reaches the area of interest.