Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ClpG Provides Increased Heat Resistance by Acting as Superior Disaggregase

Elevation of temperature within and above the physiological limit causes the unfolding and aggregation of cellular proteins, which can ultimately lead to cell death. Bacteria are therefore equipped with Hsp100 disaggregation machines that revert the aggregation process and reactivate proteins otherwise lost by aggregation. In Gram-negative bacteria, two disaggregation systems have been described: the widespread ClpB disaggregase, which requires cooperation with an Hsp70 chaperone, and the standalone ClpG disaggregase. ClpG co-exists with ClpB in selected bacteria and provides superior heat resistance. Here, we compared the activities of both disaggregases towards diverse model substrates aggregated in vitro and in vivo at different temperatures. We show that ClpG exhibits robust activity towards all disordered aggregates, whereas ClpB acts poorly on the protein aggregates formed at very high temperatures. Extreme temperatures are expected not only to cause extended protein unfolding, but also to result in an accelerated formation of protein aggregates with potentially altered chemical and physical parameters, including increased stability. We show that ClpG exerts higher threading forces as compared to ClpB, likely enabling ClpG to process “tight” aggregates formed during severe heat stress. This defines ClpG as a more powerful disaggregase and mechanistically explains how ClpG provides increased heat resistance.
Fit to Play? Health-Related Fitness Levels of Youth Athletes: A Pilot Study

Abstract Pfeifer, CE, Sacko, RS, Ortaglia, A, Monsma, EV, Beattie, PF, Goins, J, and Stodden, DF. Fit to play? Health-related fitness levels of youth athletes: A pilot study. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 245–251, 2022—A recent National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement suggests that many youth are not prepared for the physical demands of sport. The purpose of this study was to compare health-related fitness (HRF) of youth athletes with normative findings from the general population. We recruited 136 athletes (63 male and 73 female athletes) aged 11–19 (16.01 ± 1.35) years and collected HRF (body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, musculoskeletal strength and endurance). Results were categorized based on FITNESSGRAM® standards and compared with Canadian youth general population normative data. Most male athletes were classified as “needs improvement” for cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance, and body mass index (BMI). Conversely, most female athletes were at or above the “healthy fitness zone” for all measures. Male athletes at both age groups (11–14, 15–19; p < 0.001) and female athletes aged 11–14 (p < 0.05) demonstrated lower cardiorespiratory endurance compared with Canadian general population. Female athletes (both age groups) demonstrated greater muscular strength, and male athletes (age, 15–19 years) demonstrated lower BMI than the Canadian general population. The results are concerning as male athletes demonstrated poorer HRF compared with the general population. Although most female athletes were within healthy ranges, a portion of them were still at risk. Considering the demands sport places on the body, evaluating HRF is paramount for performance and injury prevention but more importantly for overall health. Youth sport and strength coaches should evaluate and aim to enhance HRF, as participation in sport does not guarantee adequate HRF. Promoting long-term athletic development and life-long health should be a priority in youth.
Labeling and Patient Knowledge of Dispensed Drugs as Patient Care Indicators in Adulala Health Center Outpatient Pharmacy, Adulala, Ethiopia

Article history: Received on: 08/05/2015 Revised on: 26/06/2015 Accepted on: 15/07/2015 Available online: 27/09/2015 Background: labeling and knowledge of dispensing drug is important for the patient to identify the contents and to ensure that they have clear and concise information about the use of the dispensed drug. Lack of this may lead the patient to incorrect use, which in turn results in an adverse effect. So the present was undertaken to assess the labeling and patient knowledge of dispensing drugs in Adulala Health Center outpatient pharmacy, Adulala, East Shoa, Ethiopia. Method: A cross sectional, prospective study was done by examining previously prepared a checklist to gather information from each package of dispensing drugs to patients and exit interview done with patients to assess their knowledge of the dispensed drug at Adulala Health Center Outpatient Pharmacy from January 23 to February 7, 2014. The data were analyzed by using statistical software package SPSS 16.0. Results: A total of 302 patients was studied of which majority (62.6%) of them were females and 38.2% of the patients were in the age group of 21-45. All the patients were aware of the dose and a majority (79.06%) of them about frequency. The labeling pattern of dispensing drugs attributes 100% in case of name, strength and expiry of the drug. Patient name was written in only 4.7% of the dispensed drugs. Out of a total 554 dispensed drugs most (46.93%) of them were dispensed for chemotherapeutic to a majority (192) of the patients of 21-45 age groups. Sex has no association with patient knowledge on dosage, frequency, and duration (p-value=0. 423, 0.630, 0.115) respectively. Conclusion: The study depicts that dispensed drugs had poor labeling. Educational level and patient age have a strong association with patient knowledge of dispensing drugs whereas sex has no association with patient knowledge. Dispensing time was short. Not all prescribed medications are dispensed.
Effect of blood flow occlusion on neuromuscular fatigue following sustained maximal isometric contraction.

Sustained isometric maximal voluntary contractions (IMVCs) have blood flow occlusive effects on the microvasculature. However, it is unknown whether this effect would be magnified with additional blood flow restriction via a cuff, and what the influence on fatigue development would be. Twelve healthy male participants performed a one-minute IMVC of the knee extensors with and without additional blood flow occlusion induced by pneumatic cuff, in counterbalanced order on separate days. Vastus lateralis muscle deoxygenation was estimated via near-infrared spectroscopy derived tissue oxygen saturation (SmO2) throughout the fatiguing contraction. Central and peripheral measures of neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) were assessed via surface electromyography (EMG) and force responses to voluntary contractions and peripheral nerve/transcranial magnetic stimulations before, immediately post, and throughout an 8-minute recovery period. SmO2, force and EMG amplitude decreased during the one-minute IMVC, but there were no between-condition differences. Similarly, no significant (p>0.05) between-condition differences were detected for any dependent variable immediately after the fatiguing contraction. Transcranial magnetic stimulation derived voluntary activation was lower (p<0.05) in the no-cuff condition during the recovery period. Sustained IMVC results in a similar degree of muscle deoxygenation and NMF as IMVCs with additional occlusion, providing further evidence that a sustained IMVC induces full ischemia. Novelty Bullets • NMF etiology, muscle oxygenation, and corticospinal factors during an IMVC are similar with or without an occlusion cuff. • Contrary to all other measures, TMS evaluated voluntary activation returned to baseline faster following the occluded condition.
Medical workforce development in New Zealand: insights from a medical programme

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Acute Apnea Does Not Improve 3-km Cycling Time Trial Performance

ABSTRACT Purpose Intense exercise evokes a spleen contraction releasing red blood cells into blood circulation. The same mechanism is found after acute apnea, increasing hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) by 2% to 5%. The aim of this study was twofold: [1] to identify the optimal apnea modalities to acutely increase [Hb] and [2] use these modalities to examine whether prerace apnea can improve a 3-km time trial (TT). Methods In part 1, 11 male subjects performed 12 different apnea protocols based on three modalities: mode, frequency, and intensity. Venous blood samples for [Hb] were collected before, immediately, and 5 min after each protocol. In part 2, 12 recreationally active subjects performed 3-km cycling TT in three different conditions: apnea, control, and placebo, after a 10-min warm-up. Power output, HR, and oxygen uptake (V˙O2) were continuously measured. Venous [Hb] was sampled at baseline, after warm-up, and before TT. Additionally, these subjects performed constant cycling at Δ25 (25% between gas exchange threshold and V˙O2 max) in two conditions (control and apnea) to determine V˙O2 kinetics. Results Although including one single apnea in the warming up evoked a positive change in [Hb] pattern (P = 0.049) and one single apnea seemed to improve V˙O2 kinetics in constant submaximal cycling (τ: P = 0.060, mean response time: P = 0.064), performance during the 3-km TT did not differ between conditions (P = 0.840; apnea, 264.8 ± 14.1 s; control, 263.9 ± 12.9 s, placebo, 264.0 ± 15.8 s). Average normalized power output (P = 0.584) and V˙O2, HR, and lactate did not differ either (P > 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that potential effects of apnea, that is, speeding of V˙O2 kinetics through a transient increase in [Hb], are overruled by a warming-up protocol.
Neuroticism biases memory self-report in women

ABSTRACT Reports of memory problems are associated with cognitive decline risk and other adverse health outcomes, and the personality trait of neuroticism is known to influence these reports. Since women tend to have higher neuroticism as well as a unique risk profile for cognitive decline, we examined the relationship between neuroticism and responses to two memory self-report items (self- and age-anchored comparisons) among women (n = 1,132; Mage = 52.71; SD = 13.99) in the Midlife in the United States Refresher Study. Multivariate regression demonstrated that women lower in neuroticism may be more likely to make a distinction between self-comparisons vs. age-anchored comparisons of memory.
Shark Cartilage Supplement Labeling Practices and Compliance with U.S. Regulations

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze labeling practices and compliance with regulatory standards for shark cartilage supplements sold in the United States. The product labels of 29 commercial shark cartilage supplements were assessed for compliance with U.S. regulations. Claims, including nutrient content, prohibited disease, and nutritional support statements, were examined for compliance and substantiation. Overall, 48.3% of the samples had at least one instance of noncompliance with labeling regulations. The most common labeling violations observed were: missing a domestic address/phone number, non-compliant nutrient content claim, missing/incomplete disclaimer, missing statement of identity, prohibited disease claims, and incomplete “Supplement Facts” label. The use of prohibited disease claims and nutritional support statements without the required disclaimer is concerning from a public health standpoint because consumers may delay seeking professional treatment for a disease. The results of this study indicate a need for improved labeling compliance among shark cartilage supplements.
Radiation Induced One-Electron Oxidation of 2-Thiouracil in Aqueous Solutions

Oxidative damage to 2-thiouracil (2-TU) by hydroxyl (•OH) and azide (●N3) radicals produces various primary reactive intermediates. Their optical absorption spectra and kinetic characteristics were studied by pulse radiolysis with UV-vis spectrophotometric and conductivity detection and by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method. The transient absorption spectra recorded in the reactions of •OH with 2-TU depend on the concentration of 2-TU, however, only slightly on pH. At low concentrations, they are characterized by a broad absorption band with a weakly pronounced maxima located at λ = 325, 340 and 385 nm, whereas for high concentrations, they are dominated by an absorption band with λmax ≈ 425 nm. Based on calculations using TD-DFT method, the transient absorption spectra at low concentration of 2-TU were assigned to the ●OH-adducts to the double bond at C5 and C6 carbon atoms (3●, 4●) and 2c-3e bonded ●OH adduct to sulfur atom (1…●OH) and at high concentration of 2-TU also to the dimeric 2c-3e S-S-bonded radical in neutral form (2●). The dimeric radical (2●) is formed in the reaction of thiyl-type radical (6●) with 2-TU and both radicals are in an equilibrium with Keq = 4.2 × 103 M−1. Similar equilibrium (with Keq = 4.3 × 103 M−1) was found for pH above the pKa of 2-TU which involves admittedly the same radical (6●) but with the dimeric 2c-3e S-S bonded radical in anionic form (2●−). In turn, ●N3-induced oxidation of 2-TU occurs via radical cation with maximum spin location on the sulfur atom which subsequently undergoes deprotonation at N1 atom leading again to thiyl-type radical (6●). This radical is a direct precursor of dimeric radical (2●).
Immediate and long-term need for permanent cardiac pacing following aortic valve replacement

Abstract Introduction: Atrioventricular (AV) node conduction disturbances are common following surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), and in some cases the patient needs a permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation before discharge from hospital. Little is known about the long-term need for PPM and the PPM dependency of these individuals. We determined the incidence of PPM implantation before and after discharge in SAVR patients. Methods: We studied 557 consecutive patients who underwent SAVR for aortic stenosis in Iceland between 2002 and 2016. Timing and indication for PPM were registered, with a new concept, ventricular pacing proportion (VPP), defined as ventricular pacing ≥90% of the time, being used to approximate pacemaker dependency. The median follow-up time was 73 months. We plotted the cumulative incidence of pacemaker implantation, treating death as a competing risk. Results: Of the 557 patients, 22 (3.9%) received PPM in the first 30 days after surgery, most commonly for complete AV block (n = 14) or symptomatic bradycardia (n = 8); Thirty-eight other patients (6.8%) had a PPM implanted >30 days postoperatively, at a median of 43 months after surgery (range 0‒181), most often for AV block (n = 13) or sick-sinus syndrome (n = 10). The cumulative incidence of PPM implantation at 1, 5, and 10 years postoperatively was 5.0%, 9.2%, and 12.3%, respectively. During follow-up, 45.0% of the 60 patients had VPP ≥90%. Conclusion: The cumulative incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation following SAVR was about 12% at 10 years, with every other patient having VPP ≥90% during follow-up. This suggests that AV node conduction disturbances extend significantly beyond the perioperative period.
Thermophysical Measurements in Liquid Alloys and Phase Diagram Studies

Towards the construction of pressure-dependent phase diagrams of binary alloy systems, both thermophysical measurements and thermodynamic modeling are employed. High-accuracy measurements of sound velocity, density, and electrical resistivity were performed for selected metallic elements from columns III to V and their alloys in the liquid phase. Sound velocity measurements were made using ultrasonic techniques, density measurements using the gamma radiation attenuation method, and electrical resistivity measurements were performed using the four probe method. Sound velocity and density data, measured at ambient pressure, were incorporated into a thermodynamic model to calculate the pressure dependence of binary phase diagrams. Electrical resistivity measurements were performed on binary systems to study phase separation and identify phase transitions in the liquid state.
A case control study on risk factors of breast cancer among women attending MNJ Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad

Background : Cancer has become one of the ten leading causes of death in India. Breast cancer is the most common diagnosed malignancy in India, it ranks second to cervical cancer. Globally, breast cancer is by far the most frequent cancer among women, with an estimated 1.67 million new cases diagnosed in 2012 (25% of all cancers) and ranks second overall (12% of all cancers). It is now the most common cancer both in developed (794,000 cases) and developing regions (883,000 cases). Objectives : 1. To study the risk factors for breast cancer among women attending MNJ Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana. 2. To Study the association between risk factors and prevalence of breast cancer. Methodology : A hospital based case control study was conducted on 100 cases and 100 controls admitted and treated in MNJ Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad in December 2015. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Statistical Analysis : Frequency distribution, Descriptive analysis and Chi Square test were used. Statistical Analysis was done using MS Excel 2007 and Epi info version 7. Results: Women with age at first full term pregnancy > 30 years had 3.14 times increased risk of breast cancer compared with age at full term pregnancy 0.05), OR=3.14; 95% CI (0.61, 16.01). Breastfeeding for ≤6 months had 2.57 times increased risk when compared to those who have breastfed for >6 months and the association was not significant (p>0.05), OR=2.57; 95% CI(0.94,7.04). Family history had an association with breast cancer (p<0.003). Conclusions: The cases had higher age at first full term pregnancy and lower duration of breast feeding when compared to the controls. Positive family history had a strong association with breast cancer.
Pilates-Based Mat Exercises and Parameters of Quality of Life in Women With Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Physical exercises increase quality of life (QoL) in diabetics. However, the optimal exercise type for patients with diabetes has not yet been established. It is unknown whether pilates is a suitable form of exercise for the QoL of patients with diabetes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of Pilates-based mat exercise (PBME) on glycemic control, anxiety, depression, and QoL in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This prospective and randomized study was conducted with 24 women in the Pilates group and 21 women in the control group. Socio demographic data were collected from both groups, including the duration of diabetes since diagnosis, medications being taken, insulin injections, sleep problems, and so on, as well as hospital records of blood laboratory test outcomes (fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin). Pain and fatigue symptoms were assessed using the visual analogue scale. Participants completed the 36-item short form health survey and the hospital anxiety depression scale. Participants in the exercise group performed PBME three times per week for 12 weeks. Both groups continued their routine diet and medical follow-ups during the intervention. Data from the groups were compared before and after the program. Results: Pain (3.00 ± 4.00, 2.00 ± 2.00, P = 0.001), fatigue (5.00 ± 2.00, 4.00 ± 1.00, P = 0.0001), mental health-related QoL (29.00 ± 5.00, 35.00 ± 3.00, P = 0.0001), anxiety (8.00 ± 3.00, 7.00 ± 3.00, P = 0.023), depression (9.00 ± 2.00, 8.00 ± 2.00, P = 0.019), fasting blood glucose (140.00 ± 31.00, 139.5 ± 32.00, P = 0.026), and glycosylated hemoglobin values (6.70 ± 1.16, 6.30±1.00, P = 0.001) in the Pilates group differed before and after the intervention. In the control group, only glycosylated hemoglobin values (6.53 ± 1.42, 6.40 ± 1.27, P = 0.008) differed before and after the intervention. Conclusions: PBMEs affect the parameters of QoL in women with type 2 diabetes, and they might be recommended as a part of their treatment program.
Validity of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Minimally Invasive Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective OBJECTIVE. : To evaluate the validity of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among patients undergoing minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Few studies have evaluated the utility and concurrent validity of the PHQ-9 survey in patients undergoing spinal procedures. METHODS Patients undergoing a 1- or 2-level minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion were retrospectively reviewed. Patient-reported outcome surveys were completed preoperatively and at 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, and 1-year timepoints. Postoperative survey scores were compared to preoperative values using paired t-tests. PHQ-9 scores were compared with the Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores of the Short Form-12 (SF-12) and the Veterans RAND-12 (VR-12) surveys at each timepoint using the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS A total of 215 patients were included in the analysis. The mean preoperative scores for the PHQ-9, SF-12 MCS, and VR-12 MCS were 6.78, 49.55, and 50.39, respectively. Significant improvements in each survey outcome measure were observed at all postoperative timepoints. Strong correlations with PHQ-9 scores were identified for SF-12 MCS scores and VR-12 MCS scores at preoperative and postoperative timepoints (|r| ≥ 0.5 and p < 0.05 for each). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that mental health, as measured by the PHQ-9, SF-12 MCS, and VR-12 MCS surveys, improves significantly after MIS lumbar fusion. In addition, PHQ-9 scores were strongly correlated with SF-12 and VR-12 scores. These results suggest that PHQ-9 can be a valid assessment of baseline mental health and postoperative improvement after MIS lumbar fusion. Concordant results among PHQ-9, SF-12 MCS, and VR-12 indicate that the simultaneous utilization of multiple survey instruments may not be necessary. Limiting the number of questionnaires that are administered in the evaluation of mental health could also help reduce survey burden placed on patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.