Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lias clay: weathering processes and their effect on shear strength

The processes of weathering of the Jurassic Lias clay (a clay shale) at four different sites are shown to result in a progressive change of the relationship between strength and water content, with successively shallower, more weathered layers showing higher strengths at a given water content. A weathering scheme, recognizing four weathering zones, based on the degree of oxidation, appears to correspond well with the strength-water content data. The progressive changes of fabric observed in petrological thin sections of the clay can also be related to these weathering zones. It is concluded that weathering of the Lias clay after excavation is so slow on an engineering time scale that it is probably not an important factor leading to long term slope failure. In such heavily overconsolidated clays the scatter of strength may be as much associated with small variations in water content as with the presence of fissures. A fifth site provides an example of severe disturbance of the Lias clay resulting from per.
Late Quaternary vertical movements in eastern North America: Quantitative evidence of glacio-isostatic rebound

From 18,000 to 6500 years ago the ice sheets covering North America melted, and sea level rose almost 100 meters. Since that time, sea level has remained almost constant, but the earth has not yet completed its adjustment to the removal of the ice load. In the center of the uplifted region the ground has risen 138 meters in the last 6000 years and is rising at a rate of 2 ± 0.5 cm/yr today; there may be another 300 ± 120 meters of vertical motion left before isostatic equilibrium is reached. This review collects the evidence of vertical movements in northern and eastern North America from different sources and disciplines to provide in one publication the quantitative data important for geophysical analyses of glacio-isostatic rebound. The paper covers evidence from the area of uplift and the peripheral zone of submergence and from the past movements and instrumentally recorded recent trends, provides a discussion of the eustatic rise in sea level, and gives an updated free-air gravity anomaly map of the deglaciated region.
Vertical trends within the prograding Salt Wash distributive fluvial system, SW United States

Progradation is an important mechanism through which sedimentary systems fill sedimentary basins. Although a general progradational pattern is recognized in many basins, few studies have quantified system scale spatial changes in vertical trends that record fluvial system progradation. Here, we provide an assessment of the spatial distribution of vertical trends across the Salt Wash distributive fluvial system (DFS), in the Morrison Formation SW, USA. The vertical distribution of proximal, medial and distal facies, and channel belt proportion and thickness, are analysed at 25 sections across approximately 80 000 km2 of a DFS that spanned approximately 100 000 km2. The stratigraphic signature of facies stacking patterns that record progradation varies depending on location within the basin. An abrupt and incomplete progradation succession dominates the proximal region, whereby proximal deposits directly overlie distal deposits. A more complete succession is preserved in the medial region of the DFS. The medial to distal region of the DFS are either simple aggradational successions, or display progradation of medial over distal facies. Spatial variations in facies successions patterns reflects preservation changes down the DFS. A spatial change in vertical trends of channel belt thickness and proportion is not observed. Vertical trends in channel belt proportion and thickness are locally highly variable, such that systematic up‐section increases in these properties are observed only at a few select sites. Progradation can only be inferred once local trends are averaged out across the entire succession. Possible key controls on trends are discussed at both allocyclic and autocyclic scales including climate, tectonics, eustasy and avulsion. Eustatic controls are discounted, and it is suggested that progradation of the Salt Wash DFS is driven by upstream controls within the catchment.
Impacts of sediment retention by dams on delta shoreline recession: evidences from the Krishna and Godavari deltas, India

River deltas are the major repositories of terrestrial sediment flux into the world's oceans. Reduction in riverine inputs into the deltas due to upstream damming might lead to a relative dominance of waves, tides and currents that are especially exacerbated by coastal subsidence and sea‐level rise ultimately affecting the delta environment. Analysis of multi‐date satellite imagery and maps covering the Krishna and Godavari deltas along the east coast of India revealed a net erosion of 76 km2 area along the entire 336‐km‐long twin delta coast during the past 43 years (1965–2008) with a progressively increasing rate from 1·39 km2 yr−1 between 1965 and 1990, to 2·32 km2 yr−1 during 1990–2000 and more or less sustained at 2·25 km2 yr−1 during 2000–2008. At present the Krishna has almost become a closed basin with decreased water discharges into the delta from 61·88 km3 during 1951–1959 to 11·82 km3 by 2000–2008; and the suspended sediment loads from 9 million tons during 1966–1969 to as low as 0·4 million tons by 2000–2005. In the case of the Godavari delta, although the water discharge data do not show any major change, there was almost a three‐fold reduction in its suspended sediment loads from 150·2 million tons during 1970–1979 to 57·2 million tons by 2000–2006. A comparison of data on annual sediment loads recorded along the Krishna and Godavari Rivers showed consistently lower sediment quantities at the locations downstream of dams than at their upstream counterparts. Reports based on bathymetric surveys revealed considerable reduction in the storage capacities of reservoirs behind such dams. Apparently sediment retention at the dams is the main reason for the pronounced coastal erosion along the Krishna and Godavari deltas during the past four decades, which is coeval to the hectic dam construction activity in these river basins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
EĞİTİM TEKNOLOJİSİ KURAM VE UYGULAMA / EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY THEORY AND PRACTICE

In today’s society, a number of factors have emerged requiring radical transformations in higher education. Foremost among these factors are the changing profiles of students and growing demands of the business world on the changing nature of professionalization and expertise. This reflects a further training need beyond gaining basic knowledge and skills, but rather integrating 21st century skills of critical thinking, problem solving, collaboration, communication, creativity, decision making, innovative thinking and as such. As the places for creating scientific knowledge, universities fail to sustain effective training approaches that fulfill their graduates’ needs to be ready for real world jobs. Consequently, seeks for alternative approaches together with technological advances reveal new ways to fulfill these needs such as Massive Open Online Courses. Inevitably, teacher education programs are to be affected by these pressures as well. The literature highlights the unsolved problems of the Turkish teacher education programs such as programs heavily based on theoretical information, increasing numbers of students and inadequate numbers of teacher educators, roles and profiles of teacher educators, teacher employment, and public perception of the teaching profession. Considering the existent problems with the past problems of teacher education, this study aimed to discuss the teacher training problems of Turkey in the light of transformation demands and offer a draft model for teacher training system.
a 6-month mixed-effect pharmacokinetic model for post-transplant intravenous anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin prophylaxis

Background: Although individualized dosage regimens for anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) therapy have been suggested, the pharmacokinetic profile and factors influencing the basis for individualization have not been sufficiently assessed. We sought to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of anti-HBIG quantitatively during the first 6 months after liver transplantation. Methods: Identical doses of 10,000 IU HBIG were administered to adult liver transplant recipients daily during the first week, weekly thereafter until 28 postoperative days, and monthly thereafter. Blood samples were obtained at days 1, 7, 28, 84, and 168 after transplantation. Plasma HBIG titer was quantified using 4 different immunoassay methods. The titer determined by each analytical method was used for mixed-effect modeling, and the most precise results were chosen. Simulations were performed to predict the plausible immunoglobulin maintenance dose. Results: HBIG was eliminated from the body most rapidly in the immediate post-transplant period, and the elimination rate gradually decreased thereafter. In the early post-transplant period, patients with higher DNA titer tend to have lower plasma HBIG concentrations. The maintenance doses required to attain targets in 90%, 95%, and 99% of patients were ~ 15.3, 18.2, and 25.1 IU, respectively, multiplied by the target trough level (in IU/L). Conclusion: The variability (explained and unexplained) in HBIG pharmacokinetics was relatively larger in the early post-transplant period. Dose individualization based upon patient characteristics should be adjusted focusing quantitatively on the early post-transplant period.
Diatom Evidence for Late Holocene Climatic Events in Granite Harbor, Antarctica

Downcore diatom data from a deep basin in Granite Harbor, Antarctica, provide new, high-resolution information concerning changes in oceanographic and depositional processes that have occurred during approximately the last 1250 years. The influence of global-scale climatic change, during the time of the Medieval Warm Period and possibly the Little Ice Age, is revealed by long-term changes in floral assemblages, as recorded by changes in the relative concentration of Nitzschia cylindrus. The diatom data suggest that Granite Harbor experienced less annual ice and pack ice cover during both these periods, possibly because of higher temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period and stronger offshore winds during the Little ice Age. The sedimentary record reveals several distinct, short-lived events, in which nearly monospecific blooms of Corethron criophilum and Chaetoceros spp. occurred, possibly the result of strong stabilization of the upper water column and were most likely a response to regional, rather than global conditions. Although short-lived, these events may play a significant role in the delivery of organic carbon and biogenic silica to the seafloor.
Gravitational collapse of orogenic crust: A preliminary three-dimensional finite element study

Although gravitational collapse has been widely accepted as a viable explanation for both synorogenic and postorogenic extension, its mechanisms have not been well understood. Previous models of continental deformation that assumed a viscous or viscoplastic rheology are not well suited for simulating stress states and brittle deformation within the upper crust, where most extensional collapse occurs. Here we present preliminary results of a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element modeling of stress and faulting patterns within the orogenic crust using a viscoelastic rheology. Major parameters controlling orogenic extension, including topographic loading, tectonic compression, basal shear, thermal structure, and 3-D tectonic boundary conditions are systematically explored in the model. For typical tectonic compression (60–100 MPa) and >2–3 km elevation the model predicts synorogenic extension in high plateaus and concomitant thrusting in the lowlands near the foothills. Viscous relaxation within the ductile crust may amplify deviatoric stresses within the brittle crust by a few times, and stress amplification is greater when the crust is hotter, and therefore the brittle crust is thinner. Most synorogenic extension occurs in the direction orthogonal to regional compression, while postorogenic extension is more likely to occur normal to the trend of mountain belts. We apply the model results to the Tibetan plateau and suggest that the age of the north trending grabens is not a reliable proxy for the time when the plateau had reached it present mean high elevation. Conversely, development of the east trending South Tibetan Detachment system in the Miocene by gravitational collapse was more difficult and may require a higher elevation of the Himalayas than present or much of the Tibetan plateau to have remained low till late Miocene.
The concept of the Dilution Index

In many applications, it is important to make the distinction between spreading and dilution of a plume in groundwater. Spreading is associated with the stretching and deformation of a contaminant plume, whereas dilution is associated with the increase in volume of the fluid occupied by the solute. The dilution and spreading of a Gaussian plume in a homogeneous porous medium with constant velocity are related in a simple fashion and are both characterized by the same parameters, the dispersion coefficients. However, the geological formations of interest in field applications are heterogeneous, and the plumes are irregular in shape. The dispersion coefficients that are deduced from tracer tests usually measure an overall rate at which a tracer plume spreads about its centroid and depend critically on the heterogeneity of the formation. These macroscopic dispersion coefficients are not reliable measures of the rate at which the maximum concentration is reduced because in heterogeneous formations the rates of dilution and spreading can be quite different. The main objective of this work is to introduce a new macroscopic measure of dilution, the dilution index E. Examples serve to demonstrate the usefulness of the measure. A general expression for the rate of dilution of a tracer plume is derived. The exact rate of increase of the dilution index under the idealized conditions of constant dispersion coefficients and a Gaussian plume is computed, and a lower bound is found to the same quantity for non-Gaussian plumes. For the general heterogeneous case the analysis demonstrates that the instantaneous rate of increase of ln E is proportional to the small-scale dispersion coefficients, everything else being the same. The rate of increase of ln E depends also on the degree of irregularity in the shape of the plume. Thus, in the long term, geologic heterogeneity should increase the rate of dilution because spatial variability in the flow velocity tends to deform plumes and make them less regular.
Frequencies of gastrointestinal parasites among students of primary school in Al Kalakla Locality, Khartoum State, Sudan:

Intestinal parasite spread in tropical countries is especially Background: common among primary school students. This study aimed to determine the frequencies of the intestinal parasite in Alkalakla locality, Khartoum state. This study was conducted in school students in Al-kalakla Methods: locality in Khartoum state from period between 20th December 2016 to 5th May 2017. Stool samples were collected from 134 randomly selected students, of whom 67 were males and 67 were females. All samples were examined using the wet preparation technique, formal ether concentration technique and saturated sugar floatation technique. The frequency of intestinal parasites was 35.5% overall in the Results: students examined; females were more affected than males (38.8% and 32.8%, respectively). The more affected age groups were 12-14 years followed by 9-11 and 6-8 years old (53.8%, 36.3% and 26.4% respectively). The least frequent intestinal parasite was spp. (1.5%) followed by Taenia (3.7%), and Giardia lamblia Schistosoma mansoni Ascaris lumbricoides (5.2% each), (7.5%), (10.4%), and Entamoeba coli Hymenolepis nana (16.4%). In total, 20.9% were infected with single Entamoeba histolytica parasite while 14.9% were infected with more than one parasite. The frequency of parasite by formal ether concentration method was 35.8 %, by wet preparation method was 17.9 % and by the saturated sugar flotation method was 16.4%. Our data showed that intestinal parasites were common in Conclusion: school students; however, females were more affected than males and the 12-14-years age group was the most affected age group. The formal ether concentration method was the best method for detecting of intestinal parasite.
Solar radiation climate change over southern Africa and an assessment of the radiative impact of volcanic eruptions

Spatial and temporal variability in global, diffuse, and horizontal direct irradiance and sunshine duration has been evaluated at eight stations in South Africa and two stations in Namibia where the time series range between 21 and 41 years. Global and direct irradiance and sunshine duration decrease from northwest to southeast; diffuse irradiance increases toward the east. Annually averaged global irradiance Ga decreased between 1.3% (2.8 W m−2) and 1.7% (4.4 W m−2) per decade at Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria, and Upington. Annually averaged diffuse irradiance Da decreased 5.2% (3.0 W m−2) per decade at Grootfontein and 4.2% (3.1 W m−2) per decade at Port Elizabeth. Annual direct irradiance Ba decreased 2.1% (3.5 W m−2) per decade at Cape Town and 2.8% (5.7 W m−2) per decade at Alexander Bay. A simultaneous decrease in annually averaged daily sunshine duration Sa may have contributed to the decrease in Ba at Alexander Bay and the decrease in Ga at Pretoria. Increases in aerosols may have contributed to the observed decrease in Ga at Cape Town and Durban, and the decrease in Da at Grootfontein may be due to a decrease in aerosols. On average, variability in Sa explains 89.0%, 50.4%, and 89.5% of the variance in Ga, Da, and Ba respectively. The radiative response to changes in sunshine duration is greater for direct irradiance than for global and diffuse. In the 2 years following the 1963 Mount Agung eruption in Indonesia, changes in global irradiance over southern Africa were small and inconsistent. At eight stations, diffuse irradiance increased 21.9% (13.3 W m−2) on average and direct irradiance decreased 8.7% (15.5 W m−2). After the 1982 El Chichón eruption in Mexico, global irradiance increased at two stations and decreased at seven stations. Eight stations witnessed an increase in diffuse irradiance averaging 7.2% (4.0 W m−2) and a decrease in direct irradiance of 5.0% (9.0 W m−2). The contribution of changes in cloud cover to the observed changes in irradiances appears to be small. Following the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines, diffuse irradiance increased an average of 18.8% (10.0 W m−2) at three stations and direct irradiance decreased by 7.2% (13.0 W m−2). Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Increased Expression of Axogenesis- Related Genes and Mossy Fibre Length in Dentate Granule Cells from Adult Hud Overexpressor Mice

Cite this article as: Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Tanner DC, Mounce J and Bolognani F (2011) Increased expression of axogenesis-related genes and mossy fibre length in dentate granule cells from adult HuD overexpressor mice. ASN NEURO 3(5):art:e00070. ABSTRACT The neuronal RNA-binding protein HuD plays a critical role in the post-transcriptional regulation of short-lived mRNAs during the initial establishment and remodelling of neural connections. We have generated transgenic mice over-expressing this protein (HuD-Tg) in adult DGCs (dentate granule cells) and shown that their mossy fibres contain high levels of GAP-43 (growth-associated protein 43) and exhibit distinct morphological and electrophysiological properties. To investigate the basis for these changes and identify other molecular targets of HuD, DGCs from HuD-Tg and control mice were collected by LCM (laser capture microscopy) and RNAs analysed using DNA microarrays. Results show that 216 known mRNAs transcripts and 63 ESTs (expressed sequence tags) are significantly up-regulated in DGCs from these transgenic mice. Analyses of the 39-UTRs (39-untranslated regions) of these transcripts revealed an increased number of HuD-binding sites and the presence of several known instability-conferring sequences. Among these, the mRNA for TTR (transthyretin) shows the highest level of up-regulation, as confirmed by qRT–PCR (quantitative reverse transcription– PCR) and ISH (in situ hybridization). GO (gene ontology) analyses of up-regulated transcripts revealed a large over-representation of genes associated with neural development and axogenesis. In correlation with these gene expression changes, we found an increased length of the infrapyramidal mossy fibre bundle in HuD-Tg mice. These results support the notion that HuD stabilizes a number of developmentally regulated mRNAs in DGCs, resulting in increased axonal elongation.
Macroeconomics of Labour Markets: the Role of Modern Technologies and Search Frictions

The impact of robots on employment and trade is a highly discussed topic in the academic and public debates. Particularly, there are concerns that automation may threat jobs in emerging countries given the erosion of the labour cost advantage. We provide evidence on the e ects of robots on worldwide employment, including emerging economies. To instrument the use of robots, we introduce an index of technical progress, de ned as the ability of robots to carry out di erent tasks. Robots turn out to have a signi cantly negative impact on worldwide employment. While it is small in developed countries, for emerging economies it amounts to a drop of employment by 11% between 2005 and 2014. However, here, there appear positive spillovers especially from robotization in manufacturing on employment outside manufacturing. Furthermore, we assess cross-country e ects, nding that robots in developed countries decrease o -shoring just as employment in emerging economies. This study has seen the collaboration of my coauthors, Enzo Weber and Ekkehard Ernst.
Housing habitability, stress and family violence

Abstract A study was conducted aimed at analyzing how certain environmental variables (temperature, overcrowding, noise, privacy and depth, among others) in housing habitability influence levels of perceived stress and family violence. For this purpose, an instrument was used to evaluate certain variables of habitability along with another instrument assessing intra-family violence (i.e., partner violence and child maltreatment), as well as a perceived stress scale, which were administered to 200 housewives in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. For data analysis, univariate statistics were obtained along with a matrix of correlations between the variables, on the basis of which a model of structural equations was generated, including three factors (Poor Habitability Conditions, Stress and Intra-Family Violence). The results confirm that certain environmental aspects of the home affect people's stress which, in turn, influences intra-family violence.
Histaminergic manipulations of human cognition: studies of pharmacological effects on evoked potentials and performance tests

s & presentations Van Ruitenbeek, P., Vermeeren, A. , Smulders, F. T. Y. Sambeth, A. , & Riedel, W. J. (2008). Effects of H1-blockade on cognitive functions and event related potentials in healthy young volunteers. Paper presented at the Endo-Neuro-Psycho meeting, Doorwerth, The Netherlands. Van Ruitenbeek, P., Vermeeren, A. , & Riedel, W. J. (2008). Fundamental research in histaminergic dysfunction. Paper presented at the FIGON Dutch medicines day, Lunteren, The Netherlands. Van Ruitenbeek, P., Vermeeren, A. , Smulders, F. T. Y. , Sambeth, A. , Riedel, W. J. (2008). Selective effects of dexchlorpheniramine on stages of human information processing. Paper presented at the European histamine Research society, XXXVIIth meeting, Stockholm, Sweden. Van Ruitenbeek, P., Vermeeren, A. , Riedel, W.J. (2006a). Modeling the role of histamine in cognition. Paper presented at the Endo-Neuro-Psycho meeting, Doorwerth, The Netherlands.