Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Water Balance of an Alpine Catchment as Evaluated by Different Methods for Spatially Distributed Snowmelt Modelling

The application of three temperature-index based models and of one energy balance based snowmelt model was investigated. The snow models were integrated in the spatially distributed hydrological model PREVAH. In this study the hydrological simulations of the alpine catchment of the Dischmabach in Switzerland in the period 1982-2000 have been analyzed. The PREVAH model was driven by hourly interpolated meteorological data. All snowmelt approaches allowed a good simulation of the discharge regime and of the seasonal course of the snowpack. The highest model efficiency was obtained by a radiation based temperature-index approach. A simplified energy balance approach combined with the positive degree-day method showed a very similar performance to the classical positive degree-day approach. The energy balance approach ESCIMO showed a high performance variability from year to year. The dependency of the seasonal water balance with respect to altitude is also discussed in this report. The quality of the spatially distributed reproduction of periods with positive and negative water balance (snow accumulation and snowmelt) is crucial for the correct simulation of the runoff hydrograph. The analysis shows that runoff maximum in the Dischmabach catchment is caused by a superposition of the main snowmelt season in the areas between 2,100-2,800 m a.s. l. and the period with maximum rainfall.
Evaluating Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Barrier Function in Zonulin Transgenic Mice: A Transcriptomic Study

The intestinal barrier comprises a single layer of epithelial cells tightly joined to form a physical barrier. Disruption or compromise of the intestinal barrier can lead to the inadvertent activation of immune cells, potentially causing an increased risk of chronic inflammation in various tissues. Recent research has suggested that specific dietary components may influence the function of the intestinal barrier, potentially offering a means to prevent or mitigate inflammatory disorders. However, the precise mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk from cows after calving, is a natural source of nutrients with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and gut-barrier fortifying properties. This novel study sought to investigate the transcriptome in BC-treated Zonulin transgenic mice (Ztm), characterized by dysbiotic microbiota, intestinal hyperpermeability, and mild hyperactivity, applying RNA sequencing. Seventy-five tissue samples from the duodenum, colon, and brain of Ztm and wild-type (WT) mice were dissected, processed, and RNA sequenced. The expression profiles were analyzed and integrated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed transcripts (DETs). These were then further examined using bioinformatics tools. RNA-seq analysis identified 1298 DEGs and 20,952 DETs in the paired (Ztm treatment vs. Ztm control) and reference (WT controls) groups. Of these, 733 DEGs and 10,476 DETs were upregulated, while 565 DEGs and 6097 DETs were downregulated. BC-treated Ztm female mice showed significant upregulation of cingulin (Cgn) and claudin 12 (Cldn12) duodenum and protein interactions, as well as molecular pathways and interactions pertaining to tight junctions, while BC-treated Ztm males displayed an upregulation of transcripts like occludin (Ocln) and Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (Arhgf2) and cellular structures and interfaces, protein–protein interactions, and organization and response mechanisms. This comprehensive analysis reveals the influence of BC treatment on tight junctions (TJs) and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling pathway gene expressions. The present study is the first to analyze intestinal and brain samples from BC-treated Ztm mice applying high-throughput RNA sequencing. This study revealed molecular interaction in intestinal barrier function and identified hub genes and their functional pathways and biological processes in response to BC treatment in Ztm mice. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore their implications for dietary interventions aimed at improving intestinal barrier integrity and function. The MGH Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorized the animal study (2013N000013).
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on some soil properties and grain yield of maize (BH-140) at Chiro, Western Hararghe, Ethiopia

An experiment was conducted during the main rainy seasons of 2008 to 2010 at Haramaya University Chiro Campus to determine the response of BH-140 to N and P application and their interaction on some soil properties. Soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depth before sowing and were analyzed for soil texture, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total N, OC and available P. Five levels of each nutrient: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha and 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg P/ha were arranged in a factorial combination using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Full dose of P and half of N were applied at planting and the remaining half of N was applied 35 days after planting. Total N and available P contents of the soil were determined from samples taken at 45 days after planting the crop. Result from this experiment showed the soil was found clay loam having a CEC of 59.7cmol/kg and highly basic showing a pH of 8.01. The soil contained 0.84%, 5.01% and 47.9 mg/kg of total N, OC and available P, respectively, during pre-planting. Available P content of the soil increased with increase of P application rates up to 20 kg P/ha and then showed slight decline although the interaction between N and P was not significant, grain yield was maximum with the treatment combination of 100 kg N and 80 kg P/ha. The result of the present study indicated that, the application of 100/80 kg/ha of N/P has resulted in the highest grain yield of hybrid maize (BH-140).
Frequency of extreme rainfall events in Southern Brazil modulated by interannual and interdecadal variability

The frequency of extreme rainfall events in Southern Brazil is impacted by El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes, especially in austral spring. There are two areas in which this impact is more significant: one is on the coast, where extreme events are more frequent during El Niño (EN) and the other one extends inland, where extreme events increase during EN and decrease during La Niña (LN). Atmospheric circulation patterns associated with severe rainfall in those areas are similar (opposite) to anomalous patterns characteristic of EN (LN) episodes, indicating why increase (decrease) of extreme events in EN (LN) episodes is favoured. The most recurrent precipitation patterns during extreme rainfall events in each of these areas are disclosed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and evidence the separation between extreme events in these areas: a severe precipitation event generally does not occur simultaneously in the coast and inland, although they may occur inland and in the coastal region in sequence. Although EN predominantly enhances extreme rainfall, there are EN years in which fewer severe events occur than the average of neutral years, and also the enhancement of extreme rainfall is not uniform for different EN episodes, because the interdecadal non‐ENSO variability also modulates significantly the frequency of extreme events in Southern Brazil. The inland region, which is more affected, shows increase (decrease) of extreme rainfall in association with the negative (positive) phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, with the negative (positive) phase of the Pacific Multidecadal Variability and with the positive (negative) phase of the Pacific Interdecadal Variability. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Invandrade kvinnors hälsa i Sverige, - Om genus och etnicitet

Dagens globaliserade varld innebar en stor rorlighet av manniskor mellan lander och ett intensifierat arbete med migrationsfragor ar darfor en stor framtida utmaning for manga lander. Sverige blir alltmer ett multikulturellt samhalle, och man beraknar att det finns fler an 150 etniska grupper i landet. Syftet med denna artikel ar att utifran litteraturstudier undersoka orsaker till ohalsa samt peka pa mojliga losningar som kan framja invandrade kvinnors halsa. Resultaten visar att det finns ett stort antal vetenskapliga studier som styrker att invandrarkvinnor har samre halsa an de inrikes fodda i Sverige. En slutsats ar att det finns tydliga kopplingar mellan genus, etnicitet och ohalsa bland invandrade kvinnor i Sverige. Migration is shaping the global era and it is one of the challenging problems faced by host countries. Sweden, a country which has been a relatively homogenous society, is becoming multicultural with more than 150 ethnic groups. This article explores and investigates through a literature review the health of immigrant women in Swedish society. The article discusses and highlights factors influencing and causing ill health among immigrant women. Results indicate that there is a strong correlation between ethnicity, gender and ill health among immigrant women in Sweden. Key words: migration, ethnicity, gender, immigrant women, social position, culture, working conditions, health behaviour, access to health care
Faulting processes during early-stage rifting: seismic and geodetic analysis of the 2009–2010 Northern Malawi earthquake sequence

In December, 2009, a rare sequence of earthquakes initiated within the weakly extended Western Rift of the East African Rift system in the Karonga province of northern Malawi, providing a unique opportunity to characterize active deformation associated with intrabasinal faults in an early-stage rift. We combine teleseismic and regional seismic recordings of the largest events, InSAR imagery of the primary sequence, and recordings of aftershocks from a temporary (4-month) local network of six seismometers to delineate the extent and geometry of faulting. The locations of ∼1900 aftershocks recorded between January and May 2010 are largely consistent with a west-dipping normal fault directly beneath Karonga as constrained by InSAR and CMT fault solutions. However, a substantial number of epicentres cluster in an east-dipping geometry in the central part of the study area, and additional west-dipping clusters can be discerned near the shore of Lake Malawi, particularly in the southern part of the study area. Given the extensive network of hanging wall faults mapped in the Karonga region on the surface and in seismic reflection images, the distribution of events is strongly suggestive of multiple faults interacting to produce the observed deformation, and the InSAR data permit this but do not require it. We propose that fault interaction contributed to the seismic moment release as a series of Mw 5-to-6 events instead of a normal main shock–aftershock sequence. We find the depth of fault slip during the main shocks constrained by InSAR peaks at less than 6 km, while the majority of recorded aftershocks are deeper than 6 km. This depth discrepancy appears to be robust and may be explained by fault interaction. Structural complexities associated with fault interaction may have limited the extent of coseismic slip during the main shocks, which increased stress deeper than the coseismic slip zone on the primary fault and synthetic faults to the east, causing the energetic aftershock series. There is no evidence of deformation at the Rungwe volcanic province ∼50 km north of the earthquake sequence between 2007 and 2010, consistent with previous interpretations of no significant magmatic contribution during the sequence.
Effects of soil nutritional status on seedling nursery performance of Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica var arizonica Greene) and Medite cypress (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizantalis (Mill.) Gord)

The present research was carried out to determine the influence of different combinations of organic matter as growing media on seed germination, survival, growth, biomass and performance of needleleaved Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica var arizonica Greene) and Medite cypress (C. sempervirens var. horizantalis (Mill.) Gord) seedlings in Koloudeh nursery, located in Amol city (North of Iran). Seeds were sown in plastic pots as randomized completely block design (RCBD) with four replications at four different soil treatments, including: T1) nursery common soil (control), T2) control soil: cattle manure (5:1), T3) control soil: decomposed litter (5:1), T4) control soil: cattle manure: decomposed litter (5:1:1). The results after one year showed that seedlings of both species grown on T4 obtained better germination percent, survival, shoot height, collar diameter, seedling vigor index and Quality Index (QI). Greatest relative growth rate (RGR) of height and diameter were achieved on organic matter treatments. In most of the studied attributes, response of C. arizonica was better than C. sempervirens, showing the different biological requirements of these species. From the study, it is concluded that the increased of soil nutrient can be useful in seedling production of both species.
Fault interactions and subduction tectonics: a re-examination of the Weber, New Zealand, earthquake sequence of 1990

SUMMARY Two moderate magnitude (Mw= 6.2 and 6.4) earthquakes in the Hikurangi subduction margin, North Island, New Zealand, occurred 3 months apart in 1990. The epicentres are nearly coincident, but the first (Weber 1, primarily normal faulting) occurred within the subducting Pacific Plate (depth about 28 km) and the second (Weber 2, a mix of thrusting and right-lateral motion) occurred within the overlying Australian Plate (depth about 13 km), the plate interface in between. The plate interface is interpreted to be locked trenchward (SE) from about the position of these events, with a transition to aseismic slip further down-dip to the NW. Several stress interaction questions are examined. First, to see whether Weber 1 triggered Weber 2, a range of possible mainshock parameters are used to calculate induced changes in the static Coulomb failure stress (δCFS). In most cases the results are consistent with triggering. Secondly, previous work showed that the rate of aftershock occurrence for Weber 1 decreased markedly about 35 days before Weber 2, recovering afterwards. To see whether aseismic pre-slip on the Weber 2 fault, as predicted by rate and state friction, could be the cause of the decrease, the same fault parameters have been used in reverse. The results are ambiguous, some fault parameters giving results consistent with the hypothesis and others not. The amount of pre-slip required for significant inhibition, however, is about equal to that in the mainshock and distributed over the entire fault plane. Thirdly, observations of episodic, aseismic slip down-dip from locked sections of other plate interfaces are becoming more common. Could such slip have triggered both Weber events? The induced changes in CFS for such slip are uniformly positive on the Weber 1 fault plane, and mostly positive on the Weber 2 fault plane, so the answer is yes. Although there is no independent evidence for aseismic slip prior to the Weber sequence, this case shows that such slip may trigger events on other nearby faults, besides loading the locked section of the plate interface. Static stress triggering considerations are thus likely to be important in subduction environments.
Food Sensitivity in Children Diagnosed with Atopic Dermatitis in The First 2 Years: How Many of These Patients Are Truly Allergic?

Objectives In this study, it was aimed to examine food sensitivity in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and to investigate the frequency of food allergy in patients with food sensitivity. Methods Patients aged 0–2 years who were followed up with the diagnosis of AD were included in the study. The characteristics of demographic and clinical and laboratory findings of the patients were recorded retrospectively. Patients were classified as mild, moderate, and severe using the SCORing AD index according to the severity of AD. The presence of food sensitivity was evaluated by skin prick test and serum-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E results. Food allergy was diagnosed by oral food challenge (OFC) test. Results Of the 72 patients included in the study, 62.5% (n=45) were male, and the mean age was 9±4.8 months. When the disease severity was evaluated, it was mild in 40 patients (55.6%); moderate/severe AD was present in 32 patients (44.4%). The frequency of moderate/severe AD was higher in patients who were younger (p=0.01), whose symptoms started in the first 6 months (p=0.03), who had a family history of allergic disease (p=0.001), who breastfed for <6 months (p=0.01), who had a higher median serum total IgE level, and a higher percentage of serum eosinophils (p=0.005 and p=0.01, respectively). Food sensitivity in 45.8% of patients; food allergy was detected in 41.7% of them. The most common sensitivities and allergies were eggs white/yolk and cow’s milk, respectively. The rate of food sensitivity was found to be higher in male gender (p=0.03) and breastfed patients (p=0.03), whereas it was similar in patients with mild and moderate/severe AD. Conclusion In the investigation of food sensitivity in patients with AD, it is important to evaluate other demographic and clinical characteristics such as gender and breastfeeding, apart from the severity of disease. The OFC test should be performed to confirm the food allergy in patients with food sensitivity before the recommendation of an elimination diet.
Cross-country comparison of sustainable e-commerce entrepreneurship impact on sustainable development goals implementation: The case study of Germany and India

E-commerce plays a significant role in driving global economic growth, and the integration of sustainable practices into business has given rise to the concept of Sustainable E-commerce Entrepreneurship (SEE). As the number of SEE initiatives continues to grow, examining their impact on implementing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) becomes crucial. This study aims to explore the disparities between German and Indian SEEs regarding their perspectives on SDG implementation. This study presents a unique approach by comparing the viewpoints of e-commerce entrepreneurs in the Indian National Capital Region of New Delhi and the Berlin-Brandenburg Region in Germany regarding SDG implementation through SEE activities. The interviewees from both countries were asked about three key aspects: (1) the current impact of SEE on SDGs implementation, (2) the future impact of SEE on a specific category of SDGs, and (3) whether e-commerce should be seen as a source of global patterns for SDGs implementation or should be tailored to local needs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data, and the scripted interviews were analyzed with the assistance of ATLAS.ti software. The study collected semi-structured interviews with ten Indian and nine German SEEs. The study’s findings indicate that German SEEs place a greater emphasis on SDGs related to the biosphere compared to their Indian counterparts. This divergence in prioritization aligns with the socio-economic challenges currently faced by Indian society, which influences their focus on social and economic SDGs. Indian SEEs do not foresee significant contributions to improving the biosphere through SEE activities in the future. In contrast, German SEEs demonstrate an idealistic perspective on SDG implementation, with a stronger emphasis on the biosphere category of SDGs.
Contamination of rock samples during grinding as determined spectrographically

Spectrographic analysis was used by the Geological Survey to investigate the kind and degree of contamination resulting from the pulverizing in heavy grinding machinery of three different groups of rock samples s (l) six hard rocks, (2) six unconsoliSated sediment s 5 and (3) one massive quartz and one quartzite. It was found that iron can "be increase)! as much as 1.5 percent, nickel 0.006 percent, molybdenum 0,002 percent, chromium 0.001 percent, cobalt 0.002 percent, vanadium OoOOl percent, copper 0»003 percent, and manganese 0.1 percent. The data presented a&so show there is danger of contamination of samples from grinding on a "bucking board 0
Pempek Fishcake from Channa micropeltes with Pumpkin Puree: Quality Assessment

Pempek is an authentic traditional dish of Indonesian cuisine. As a popular food, it needs to be both tasty and nutritious. Mashed pumpkin can add some health-beneficial properties to the traditional pempek and reduce its carbohydrate content. This research featured pempek made of farmed toman fish (Channa micropeltes), which is an affordable raw material. The research objective was to evaluate the consumer acceptance of the experimental pempek based on its sensory assessment and a folding test. This research also revealed the proximate composition, β-carotene, and amino acids in the pempek samples. The research procedure included the following stages: making pumpkin puree; making pempek by substituting tapioca flour with pumpkin puree (control: 0%, Formulation 1: 10%, Formulation 2: 20%); sensory assessment and folding test; proximate analysis; β-carotene analysis; and amino acid analysis. A greater proportion of pumpkin puree improved the appearance, color, aroma, flavor, and texture values of the experimental sample. Based on the folding test, the elasticity of pempek decreased as the pumpkin share increased. Pumpkin puree improved the quality of pempek in terms of its protein, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, β-carotene, and amino acid composition. Formulation 2 with 20% of tapioca flour substituted with pumpkin puree showed the best results for protein (7.91%) and amino acids (10.27%), as well as the lowest carbohydrate content (26.76%). Mashed pumpkin proved to be an excellent substitute of tapioca flour in the traditional Indonesian pempek fishcake as it improved both its sensory profile and nutritional value.
Mineralogy and magnetism of Fe–Cr spinel series minerals from podiform chromitites and dunites from Tąpadła (Sudetic ophiolite, SW Poland) and their relationship to palaeomagnetic results of the dunites

SUMMARY This paper presents the mineralogy and magnetic properties of two varieties of chromitite, sampled in the same exposure of a serpentinite massif regarded to be a fragment of the Sudetic ophiolite. The varieties differ mineralogically and magnetically. One of them, labelled TaA and altered to a low degree according to scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microprobe results, comprises an unaltered Al–Cr spinel core, some secondary chromite and less abundant Cr-magnetite. It has a high magnetic susceptibility and natural remanence (NRM), and its dominating magnetic phase is ferrichromite with T b/T c of about 530 ◦ C occurring in grains in the single domain (SD) + pseudo-single domains (PSDs) and superparamagnetic (SP) states. The second variety, labelled TaB, is highly altered and comprises, apart from Al spinel, two kinds of secondary chromites that do not differ much from the primary Al spinel and no Cr-magnetites. This chromitite variety does not reveal one well defined T b/T c, but a series ranging between 200 and 450 ◦ C, their grain sizes correspond to the SD + SP domain states. The same pattern was observed in chromitite TaA after annealing in air at a temperature of 700 ◦ C. Dunites associated with the chromitites contain, apart from magnetite, chromite grains. The majority of specimens reveal magnetic characteristics similar to the TaA-like variety, but in some specimens TaB-like characteristics were also observed. A standard palaeomagnetic study performed earlier on the dunites showed that their NRM has three components—Lower Devonian carried by magnetite, Permian and Tertiary-Recent. The results presented here lead us to conclude that the latter two are carried by ferrichromites similar to those found in the TaA and TaB chromitites.