Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PA-MSHA Regulates PD-L1 Expression in Hepatoma Cells

ABSTRACT Background Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. PD-L1 function and structure are regulated through glycosylation and various signaling pathways. However, the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA), glycosylation and PD-L1 warrants further study. In this study, we investigated the effects of PA-MSHA on the regulation of mannosyl and N-glycosylation to identify the mechanisms underlying its function. Methods PD-L1, β-catenin, c-Myc, mannosyl, MGAT1 and mannosidase II in HCC were identified by postoperative specimens from the HCC cohort with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. PA-MSHA was used to suppress tumor progression. Alterations to the expression of PD-L1, β-catenin, c-Myc, MGAT1, and mannosidase II at the gene and protein levels were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Mannosyl and mannosidase II expression levels increased, whereas those of MGAT1 decreased in the HCC cells. The glycosylation-related pathway proteins, namely, β-catenin, c-Myc and PD-L1, had increased expression levels. Moreover, proliferation in the HCC cells was inhibited after PA-MSHA treatment, PD-L1 function was significantly inhibited. Transmission electron microscopy showed that PA-MSHA penetrated into the HCC cytoplasm through the cytomembrane, resulting in apoptosis. Here, PA-MSHA significantly reduced sPD-L1 expression levels in the tumor cells. Conclusions PA-MSHA plays the role of a lectin, affecting receptors on the cytomembrane. This strain inhibits mannosyl by suppressing β-catenin signaling. We hypothesized that PA-MSHA suppresses PD-L1 by: 1. Inhibiting the glycosylation process; and 2. Suppressing β-catenin and c-Myc, thereby reducing the transcription of this protein.
Apparently first closed‐form solutions for inhomogeneous vibrating beams under axial loading

Closed‐form solutions are presented for fundamental natural frequencies of inhomogeneous vibrating beams under axially distributed loading. The mode shape is postulated as coinciding with the static deflection of the associated homogeneous beam without distributed axial loading. Then the inverse problem of determining the stiffness and mass density distributions, producing the above mode shape, is solved. To describe these variations, the family of polynomial functions is used. Several sets of boundary conditions are considered. It is shown that the natural frequency vanishes when the intensity of the axially distributed loading equals the critical buckling value. A linear relationship is established between the square of the natural frequency and the load ratio for all reported sets of boundary conditions, in contrast to uniform beams where the exact linear relationship holds for columns with simply supported and/or sliding ends.
The role of angular momentum conservation in homogeneous turbulence

Loitsyanky's integral I = − ∫ r2〈u ⋅u′〉dr is known to be approximately conserved in certain types of fully developed, isotropic turbulence, and its near conservation controls the rate of decay of kinetic energy. Landau suggested that this integral is related to the angular momentum H = ∫ (x × u)dV of some large volume V of the turbulence, according to the expression I = 〈H2〉/V. He also suggested that the approximate conservation of I is related to the principle of conservation of angular momentum. However, Landau's analysis can be criticized because, formally, it applies only to inhomogeneous turbulence evolving in a closed domain. So how are we to interpret the near conservation of I? And what is its relationship, if any, to angular momentum conservation? We show that the key to extending Landau's analysis to strictly homogeneous turbulence is to rewrite Loitsyansky's integral in terms of the vector potential of the velocity field, i.e. I = 6 ∫〈A ⋅ A′〉dr, where ∇ × A = u. This yields I = 6〈[∫VAdV]2〉/V for any large spherical volume V of radius R. Crucially, J = 3∫VAdV can be rewritten as the weighted integral of the angular momentum density throughout all space. This fundamentally changes the way in which we interpret the dynamical behaviour of I. For example, we show that the conservation of 〈J2〉/V, and hence of I, which occurs when the long-range correlations are weak, is a direct consequence of the decorrelation of the flux of angular momentum out through a spherical control surface S and the local angular momentum in the vicinity of S. Thus, within the framework of strictly homogeneous turbulence, we provide the first self-consistent interpretation of Loitsyanky's integral in terms of angular momentum conservation. We also show that essentially the same ideas carry over to certain types of anisotropic turbulence, such as magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), rotating and stratified turbulence. This is important because conservation of angular momentum, which manifests itself in the form of a Loitsyansky-like invariant, places a fundamental restriction on the way in which the integral scales can evolve in such turbulence. This, in turn, controls the rate of decay of energy. We illustrate this by deriving new decay laws for MHD and stratified turbulence. The MHD decay laws are consistent with the available numerical evidence, but further study is required to verify, or otherwise, the predictions for stratified turbulence.
Nondissociative electron and photon ionization cross sections of molecular hydrogen and deuterium

State-to-state [X 1Σ+g(vi) → X 2Σ+g(vj)] and quasi state-specific [X 1Σ+g(vi, Ji) → X 2Σ+g(vj)] photon and electron-impact ionization cross sections of hydrogen and deuterium molecules have been obtained with a combined analysis of experimental measurement and theoretical calculations. Rotation state ionization transitions are considered using the p-partial wave approximation. Previously calculated photoionization transition moments are refined and extended to ∼300 eV using accurate experimental photoionization cross sections. The transition moments are used to obtain the photoionization cross sections and oscillator strengths for the H2 and D2 X 1Σ+g(vi, Ji) → H+2 and D+2 X 2Σ+g(vj, Jj) transitions. The calculated ionization oscillator strengths, together with excitation functions derived from electron-impact ionization measurements of H2, enable accurate determination of electron-impact ionization cross sections for both H2 and D2 transitions to (vj, Jj) levels of the X 2Σ+g state at energies ranging from threshold to the non-relativistic limit. The autoionizing singlet-ungerade states contribute at least 0.6–1% of the total e+H2 →H+2 cross section. The e+D2 →D+2 and e+H2 →H+2 cross sections are very similar above the threshold energy region. The D2 cross section is ∼1.6% larger than the H2 cross section. Thermally averaged nondissociative ionization cross sections of H2 and D2 at temperatures appropriate for plasma and planetary applications have been tabulated.
The impact of preoperative kidney replacement therapy on kidney outcome and survival in patients with left ventricular assist device

Abstract Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has been highlighted as a new treatment option in the end-stage heart failure (HF). Kidney outcome after LVAD in severe cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) patients requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is unclear. We investigated the impact of preoperative KRT on kidney function and survival in LVAD patients with severe CRS. A total of 50 patients followed up for at least 1 year after LVAD implantation was analyzed. The primary outcomes were estimated glomerular filtration rate and survival rate. Patients were divided into two groups depending on in-hospital KRT before LVAD implantation: the control group (n = 33) and the KRT group (n = 17). Postoperative KRT was performed for 76.5% of patients in the KRT group, and all of them discontinued KRT before discharge. There were no statistically significant differences in the degree of eGFR decline in survivors according to preoperative KRT. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of eGFR decline in survivors regardless of preoperative KRT, old age (β −0.94, p < 0.01), preexisting chronic kidney disease (β −21.89, p < 0.01), and high serum creatinine (β −13.95, p < 0.01) were identified as independent predictors of post-LVAD eGFR decline. Mortality rate was higher, and more patients progressed to end-stage kidney disease in KRT group than control group. However, LVAD still can be considered as the treatment option in end-stage HF patients with severe CRS requiring KRT, especially in those with young age and previous normal kidney function.
Stroke in the young

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to review recent findings regarding stroke epidemiology, etiologies, and treatment in children and young adults. Recent findings Incidence in young adults is increasing, and incidence, recurrence, and survival is worse in patients with cryptogenic stroke and in developing countries. Careful consideration of patent foramen ovale closure is now recommended in young adults with cryptogenic stroke. Thrombectomy has recently been extended to carefully selected children with acute ischemic stroke, and two recent publications strongly suggest that it can be beneficial for children. Sickle cell is also an important global contributor to stroke burden, but hydroxyurea can be a cost effective medication for stroke prevention in children. Recent advances in genetic testing and treatments may improve outcomes for patients with monogenic causes of stroke, such as deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2, hemophilia, and Fabry's disease. Summary Stroke in children and young adults is a morbid disease responsible for enormous indirect societal costs and a high burden of years with disability per affected patient. Recent advances have improved access to care for children with large vessel occlusion and adults with rare causes of stroke. Future research may bring effective treatments for other monogenic causes of stroke as well as increasing access to hyperacute therapies for young stroke patients.
Minimal clinically important difference for impulse oscillometry in adults with asthma

Background Impulse oscillometry (IOS) allows an effort-independent evaluation of small airway function in asthma. Unfortunately, well-determined minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) for IOS measures are lacking. Here, we provide MCIDs for frequently used IOS measures, namely frequency dependence of resistance (FDR) and area of reactance (AX), in patients with asthma. Methods We performed IOS at baseline and 1 year later in adult patients with mild-to-severe asthma (n=235). In a two-step approach, we first applied a distribution-based method to statistically determine the MCID. Next, we validated the proposed MCID according to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), Asthma Control Questionnaire-7 (ACQ-7) and Asthma Control Test (ACT). We used multivariable analyses to investigate the proposed MCIDs as predictors for improvements in PROMs compared with the established MCID of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Results The proposed MCID was a decline of ≥0.06 kPa·L−1·s−1 and ≥0.65 kPa·L−1 for FDR and AX, respectively. Patients who had changes beyond the MCIDs for both FDR and AX showed greater improvements in all PROMs than those who had not. The mean improvements in PROMs were beyond the established MCIDs for ACQ-7 and AQLQ, and approximated the MCID for ACT. Multivariable analyses demonstrated the MCIDs for both FDR and AX as independent predictors for the MCIDs of all PROMs. The MCID for FDR was a stronger predictor of all PROMs than the MCID for FEV1. Conclusions This study provides MCIDs for IOS-derived measures in adult patients with asthma and emphasises that small airway function is a distinguished end-point beyond the conventional measure of FEV1. In patients with asthma, small airway function is a distinguished end-point that can be feasibly quantified using the proposed minimal clinically important difference for impulse oscillometry measures https://bit.ly/3YjwZkp
A Genetically Heterogeneous Rat Model with Divergent Mitochondrial Genomes

Abstract We generated a genetically heterogenous rat model by a 4-way cross strategy using 4 inbred strains (Brown Norway [BN], Fischer 344 [F344], Lewis [LEW], and Wistar Kyoto [KY]) to provide investigators with a highly genetically diverse rat model from commercially available inbred rats. We made reciprocal crosses between males and females from the 2 F1 hybrids to generate genetically heterogeneous rats with mitochondrial genomes from either the BN (OKC-HETB, a.k.a “B” genotype) or WKY (OKC-HETW a.k.a “W” genotype) parental strains. These two mitochondrial genomes differ at 94 nucleotides, more akin to human mitochondrial genome diversity than that available in classical laboratory mouse strains. Body weights of the B and W genotypes were similar. However, mitochondrial genotype antagonistically affected grip strength and treadmill endurance in females only. In addition, mitochondrial genotype significantly affected multiple responses to a high-fat diet (HFD) and treatment with 17α-estradiol. Contrary to findings in mice in which males only are affected by 17α-estradiol supplementation, female rats fed a HFD beneficially responded to 17α-estradiol treatment as evidenced by declines in body mass, adiposity, and liver mass. Male rats, by contrast, differed in a mitochondrial genotype-specific manner, with only B males responding to 17α-estradiol treatment. Mitochondrial genotype and sex differences were also observed in features of brain-specific antioxidant response to a HFD and 17α-estradiol as shown by hippocampal levels of Sod2 acetylation, JNK, and FoxO3a. These results emphasize the importance of mitochondrial genotype in assessing responses to putative interventions in aging processes.
Mitogenome of the leaf-footed bug Notobitus montanus (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and a phylogenetic analysis of Coreoidea

Notobitus montanus Hsiao, 1963 is a major pest of bamboos. The mitogenome of N. montanus (ON052831) was decoded using next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome, with 42.26% A, 30.54% T, 16.54% C, and 10.65% G, is 16,209 bp in size. Codon usage analysis indicated that high frequently used codons used either A or T at the third position of the codon. Amino acid usage analysis showed that leucine 2, phenylalanine, isoleucine and tyrosine were the most abundant in 31 Coreoidea species. Thirteen protein-coding genes (PCGs) were evolving under purifying selection, nad5 and cox1 had the lowest and strongest purifying selection stress, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that evolutionary rate had positive correlation with A+T content. No tandem repeat was detected in the non-coding region of N. montanus. The phylogenetic tree showed that Alydidae and Coreidae were not monophyletic. However, the topology of phylogenetic trees, based on 13 PCGs, was in accordance with that of tree based on both mitochondrial and nuclear genes but not ultraconserved element loci or combination of 13 PCGs and two rRNAs. It seems that their relationships are complex, which need revaluation and revision. The mitogenomic information of N. montanus could shed light on the evolution of Coreoidea.
Current status and molecular biology of human papillomavirus‐independent gastric‐type adenocarcinoma of the cervix

This article reviews the findings of clinical studies on gastric‐type adenocarcinoma of the cervix to date, outline the molecular biological features identified in recent studies, and discusses the future therapeutic strategies. Gastric‐type adenocarcinoma of the cervix is a new classification in the World Health Organization 2014 classification. The World Health Organization 2020 classification further divides cervical tumors into two categories: human papillomavirus‐associated and human papillomavirus‐independent. Thus, gastric‐type adenocarcinoma of the cervix is now classified as a human papillomavirus‐independent gastric type. Clinical studies have reported that gastric adenocarcinoma of the cervix is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and it is desirable to elucidate its molecular biological mechanism. A series of gene mutations characteristic to the gastric‐type adenocarcinoma of the cervix encourage the development of future treatment strategies.
Concordance between focal brain temperature elevations and focal edema in temporal lobe epilepsy

Neuroinflammation (NI) is a pathophysiological factor in many neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Because NI causes microstructural tissue damage that worsens with increasing brain temperature, abnormally elevated brain temperatures may be a surrogate measure of the biochemical consequences of NI. This study investigated whether patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have abnormal brain temperature elevations (TCRE) in seizure‐producing regions that show evidence of edema and/or microstructural damage.
Modes of isolated, severe convective storm formation along the dryline

Abstract Patterns of the formation of isolated, severe convective storms along the dryline in the southern plains of the United States during the spring over a 16-year period were determined from an examination of the evolution of radar echoes as depicted by WSR-57 microfilm data. It was found that in the first 30 min after the first echo, more than half of the radar echoes evolved into isolated storms as isolated cells from the start; others developed either from a pair of cells, from a line segment, from a cluster of cells, from the merger of mature cells, or from a squall line. Proximity soundings were constructed from both standard and special soundings, and from standard surface data. It was found that the estimated convective available potential energy and vertical shear are characteristic of the environment of supercell storms. The average time lag between the first echo and the first occurrence of severe weather of any type, or tornadoes alone, was approximately 2 h. There were no significant diff.
Two-Year Outcomes of Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty as a First Procedure in Glaucoma

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the 2-year outcomes of ultrasound cyclo plasty (UCP) as a first procedure in glaucoma. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients with uncontrolled glaucoma who underwent UCP as an initial glaucoma procedure. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of antiglaucoma medications, visual acuity, and the presence of vision-threatening complications. Surgical outcomes of each eye were classified as either complete success, qualified success, or failure based on the main outcome measures. Differences in IOP control and success rates were compared in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Results We included 98 eyes of 88 patients in the study. The mean follow-up period was 27.25 ± 10.1 months. At 12 and 24 months, mean IOP decreased significantly from 23.16 ± 6.4 mmHg to 16.57 ± 6.0 mmHg and 16.18 ± 5.2 mmHg, respectively, and the number of antiglaucoma medications decreased from 3.27 ± 0.9 to 1.86 ± 1.4 and 1.70 ± 1.7, respectively (p < .01 for all). There were no changes in visual acuity throughout the follow-up compared with preoperative levels. The cumulative probabilities of success were 64.3% (±4.8) [78.9% (±9.4) complete success, and 72.9% (±6.4) qualified success], and 42.9% (±5.0) [52.6% (±11.5) complete success, and 56.3% (±7.2) qualified success] at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The most common complications were cataract development/progression, anterior chamber inflammation, and macular edema. There were no significant differences in IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, or survival rates between POAG and PACG groups. Conclusions UCP can be used as an initial glaucoma procedure for reducing IOP and the number of antiglaucoma medications and offers comparable outcomes in POAG and PACG.
Meta-analysis of insomnia, suicide, and psychopathology in schizophrenia

Purpose of review Insomnia is common in schizophrenia. Insomnia has been associated with suicidal ideation and behavior, as well as greater severity of psychopathology, in schizophrenia. This review performs a meta-analysis of associations between insomnia, suicide, and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia. Recent findings We searched major electronic databases from inception until November 2022 for studies of insomnia, suicide, and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia. Random effects meta-analysis calculating odds ratios (ORs, for suicide) and effect sizes (ESs, for psychopathology) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 3428 patients with schizophrenia. Insomnia was associated with a significant increased odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.28–2.65, P < 0.01) and suicide attempt or death (OR = 5.83, 95% CI 1.61–2.96, P < 0.01). Insomnia was also associated with total (ES = 0.16, 95% CI 0.09–0.23, P < 0.01), positive (ES = 0.14, 95% CI 0.08–0.20, P = 0.02), and general (ES = 0.17, 95% CI 0.08–0.27, P < 0.01) psychopathology. In meta-regression analyses, BMI was negatively associated with suicidal ideation. Otherwise, age, sex, and study year were all unrelated to the associations. Summary Insomnia is associated with suicide and psychopathology in schizophrenia. Formal assessment and treatment of insomnia appears relevant to the clinical care of schizophrenia.
Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in an antimigraine-treated preclinical model of cortical spreading depolarization

Background Cortical spreading depolarization, the cause of migraine aura, is a short-lasting depolarization wave that moves across the brain cortex, transiently suppressing neuronal activity. Prophylactic treatments for migraine, such as topiramate or valproate, reduce the number of cortical spreading depression events in rodents. Objective To investigate whether cortical spreading depolarization with and without chronic treatment with topiramate or valproate affect the DNA methylation of the cortex. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with saline, topiramate or valproate for four weeks when cortical spreading depolarization were induced and genome-wide DNA methylation was performed in the cortex of six rats per group. Results The DNA methylation profile of the cortex was significantly modified after cortical spreading depolarization, with and without topiramate or valproate. Interestingly, topiramate reduced by almost 50% the number of differentially methylated regions, whereas valproate increased them by 17%, when comparing to the non-treated group after cortical spreading depolarization induction. The majority of the differentially methylated regions lay within intragenic regions, and the analyses of functional group over-representation retrieved several enriched functions, including functions related to protein processing in the cortical spreading depolarization without treatment group; functions related to metabolic processes in the cortical spreading depolarization with topiramate group; and functions related to synapse and ErbB, MAPK or retrograde endocannabinoid signaling in the cortical spreading depolarization with valproate group. Conclusions Our results may provide insights into the underlying physiological mechanisms of migraine with aura and emphasize the role of epigenetics in migraine susceptibility.