Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variations of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids in Three Evergreen Broadleaf Rhododendron Forests

Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) are widely distributed in forests. Fresh leaves, litter, humus, and the topsoil layer of representative Rhododendron delavayi (RD), Rhododendron agastum (RA), and Rhododendron irroratum (RI) in the Baili Rhododendron National Forest Park were sampled to explore their seasonal changes. The contents of oxalic, tartaric, malic, citric, acetic, lactic, succinic, and formic acids in samples from different seasons were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the composition and content of the LMWOAs in the fresh leaves, litter, humus, and topsoil layer of the rhododendrons were affected by the tree species, samples, and season. The main LMWOA was oxalic acid (the average content in the samples was 195.31 µg/g), followed by malic acid (the average content in the samples was 68.55 µg/g) and tartaric acid (the average content in the samples was 59.82 µg/g). Succinic acid had the lowest content; the average content in the samples was 18.40 µg/g. The LMWOAs of the RD were the highest (the average content in the samples was 517.42 µg/g), and the LMWOAs of the RI were the lowest (the average content in the samples was 445.18 µg/g). The LMWOAs in the three rhododendron forests were in the order of fresh leaves > litter > humus > soil layers. This study showed the seasonal distribution characteristics of LMWOAs in three evergreen broadleaf rhododendron forests, and the results provide a reference for ecosystem management and the protection of wild rhododendron forests.
O-16 excesses in Murchison and Murray hibonites - a case against a late supernova injection origin of isotopic anomalies in O, Mg, Ca, and Ti

Ion probe measurements of the oxygen isotopic composition of seven hibonite samples from the CM chondrites Murchison and Murray are reported. All samples show large O-16 excesses relative to terrestrial oxygen. The data for all samples plot along the carbonaceous chondrite O-16-rich mixing line and show no evidence for isotopic mass fractionation effects characteristic of FUN inclusions. These hibonites have the largest Ca-48 and Ti-50 isotopic anomalies found to date; thus there is no intrinsic relationship between anomalies of a nucleosynthetic origin and isotopic mass fractionation effects. The large O-16 excess seen in the sample with the largest measured Ca-48 and Ti-50 depletions argues against a late injection of exotic material from a nearby supernova as a source for the isotopic anomalies. 38 references.
Data-Driven Variable Impedance Control of a Powered Knee–Ankle Prosthesis for Adaptive Speed and Incline Walking

Most impedance-based walking controllers for powered knee–ankle prostheses use a finite state machine with dozens of user-specific parameters that require manual tuning by technical experts. These parameters are only appropriate near the task (e.g., walking speed and incline) at which they were tuned, necessitating many different parameter sets for variable-task walking. In contrast, this article presents a data-driven, phase-based controller for variable-task walking that uses continuously variable impedance control during stance and kinematic control during swing to enable biomimetic locomotion. After generating a data-driven model of variable joint impedance with convex optimization, we implement a novel task-invariant phase variable and real-time estimates of speed and incline to enable autonomous task adaptation. Experiments with above-knee amputee participants ($N=2$) show that our data-driven controller 1) features highly linear phase estimates and accurate task estimates, 2) produces biomimetic kinematic and kinetic trends as task varies, leading to low errors relative to able-bodied references, and 3) produces biomimetic joint work and cadence trends as task varies. We show that the presented controller meets and often exceeds the performance of a benchmark finite state machine controller for our two participants, without requiring manual impedance tuning.
Factors affecting corporate social responsibilities disclosure of listed companies in Vietnam

Abstract This paper aims to research factors that affect corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the context of listed companies in Vietnam. Our research uses data from listed companies in the Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchanges from 2015 to 2020. We conduct the quantitative research by analyzing regression models therefore the relation between factors and CSR disclosure is found. We measure CSR disclosure in two ways: by total score and percentage. The result found that in both ways of measuring, the percentage of women on board and company age have a positive impact on CSR disclosure. In contrast to this, board size and board age have a negative effect on CSR disclosure. The other independent variables have no impact on CSR disclosure. Therefore, we have given some practical implications for companies that want to improve their CSR disclosure.
Design and Characterization of Mutated Variants of the Oncotoxic Parvoviral Protein NS1

Oncotoxic proteins such as the non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a constituent of the rodent parvovirus H1 (H1-PV), offer a novel approach for treatment of tumors that are refractory to other treatments. In the present study, mutated NS1 variants were designed and tested with respect to their oncotoxic potential in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. We introduced single point mutations of previously described important residues of the wild-type NS1 protein and a deletion of 114 base pairs localized within the N-terminal domain of NS1. Cell-viability screening with HepG2 and Hep3B hepatocarcinoma cells transfected with the constructed NS1-mutants led to identification of the single-amino acid NS1-mutant NS1-T585E, which led to a 30% decrease in cell viability as compared to NS1 wildtype. Using proteomics analysis, we could identify new interaction partners and signaling pathways of NS1. We could thus identify new oncotoxic NS1 variants and gain insight into the modes of action of NS1, which is exclusively toxic to human cancer cells. Our in-vitro studies provide mechanistic explanations for the observed oncolytic effects. Expression of NS1 variants had no effect on cell viability in NS1 unresponsive control HepG2 cells or primary mouse hepatocytes. The availability of new NS1 variants in combination with a better understanding of their modes of action offers new possibilities for the design of innovative cancer treatment strategies.
Design and efficient operation of a coaxial RBWO

Coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator with the rippled inner conductor not only increases the output efficiency but also results in the serious phenomenon of pulse shortening in experiments. Our research indicates that the two main mechanisms leading to the pulse shortening are the electron beam interruption and combining effects of the explosive field electron emission and the secondary electron multipactor on the surface of the slow-wave structure. In order to enhance its power capacity the electrodynamic structure is modified by detailed analysis of the field distribution in the coaxial slow-wave structure. The appropriate resonant reflector and the electron collector are developed for the application of the coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator. A series of surface treatment is applied to enhance the power capacity of the coaxial RBWO. In the experiment, the microwave pulse duration is increased from less than 10 ns to 20 ns, and the output efficiency is enhanced from less than 20% to 34% employing the electron beam pulse of the full width at half maximum 28 ns. The peak power of 1.01 GW at the frequency of 7.4 GHz is achieved. It is found that the output efficiency of the coaxial RBWO is likely to be advanced if its power capacity can be boosted further.
Alkali-Activated Binary Binders with Carbonate-Rich Illitic Clay

This work deals with the investigation of alkaline binders obtained from binary mixtures of carbonate-rich illitic clay from deposits in southern Italy and two industrial by-products with very different total composition and calcium content, i.e., blast furnace slag and type F fly ash, respectively. To improve the reactivity, the selected clay was ground in a ball miller and heated to 700 °C. The binary mixtures were alkali activated with NaOH solution at 4 M and 8 M, and the activated pastes were cured at room temperature and relative humidity >90% in a climatic chamber. Heat flow, total heat and compressive strength (2, 7 and 28 days) were determined. The hardened pastes were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Results show that the main reaction product in all samples is a gel or mixture of C-A-S-H/(N, C)-A-S-H type gel depending on the calcium content in the precursors. The paste, made up of a 1:1 weight proportion of carbonate-rich illitic clay and blast furnace slag, showed the formation of a more compact matrix than that observed in each individually activated component, achieving the considerable mechanical strength value of 45 MPa after 28 days, which suggests a very positive interaction between the two calcium-rich solid precursors. The binary mixture of carbonate-rich illitic clay and F fly ash showed relatively low compressive strength (below 15 MPa), which has been related to the poor reaction potential of fly ash regarding the alkali activation at room temperature. The modification of curing parameters is expected to improve the reaction of carbonate-rich illitic clay/fly ash blend. The clay activation method used in this study has been demonstrated to be suitable for larger scale industrial pre-treatment set-ups.
An inverse nodal problem for integro-differential operators

Abstract The inverse nodal problem of recovering integral-differential operators with the Sturm–Liouville differential part and the integral part of Volterra type is studied. We reconstruct the potential and the boundary conditions provided the kernel of integral perturbation is known. We prove a uniqueness theorem and provide reconstruction formulae for the potential and parameters of the boundary conditions.
Saddlepoint expansions in linear regression

In this paper sums of independent but not identically distributed m-dimensional vectors are considered. The summands are generated by a random vector multiplied by a deterministic weight matrix which results in a singular covariance matrix. Under general conditions, given separately for the weight matrix and the random vector, saddlepoint approximations to the distribution of the sum are derived. The results are applied to the least squares estimator, the residual sum of squares, and to an F-statistic in linear regression.
Adsorption Capacity and Desorption Efficiency of Activated Carbon for Odors from Medical Waste

Five types of odor-emitting exhaust gases from medical waste were selected, and their adsorption capacity and desorption efficiency were investigated using activated carbon. The selected gases included polar gases (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3)) and non-polar gases (acetaldehyde (AA), methyl mercaptan (MM), and trimethylamine (TMA))). Commercial activated carbon with a specific surface area of 2276 m2/g was used as the adsorbent. For the removal of odor from medical waste, we investigated: (1) the effective adsorption capacity of a single gas (<1 ppm), (2) the effect of the adsorbed NH3 gas concentration and flow rate, and (3) the desorption rate using NH3 gas. The values of the effective adsorption capacity of the single gas were in the following order: H2S < NH3 < AA < MM < TMA, at 0.2, 4.2, 6.3, 6.6, and 35.7 mg/g, respectively. The results indicate that polar gases have a lower effective adsorption capacity than that of non-polar gases, and that the size of the gas molecules and effective adsorption capacity exhibit a proportional relationship. The effective adsorption performance of NH3 gas showed an increasing trend with NH3 concentration. Therefore, securing optimal conditions for adsorption/desorption is imperative for the highly efficient removal of odor from medical waste.
Cyclic Buckling Characterization of an Individual MWCNT Using Quantitative In Situ TEM Axial Compression

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are extremely conductive and flexible, making them ideal for applications such as flexible electronics and nanoelectromechanical systems. However, in order to properly apply them in such devices, their long-term durability must be assessed. In the present study, we demonstrate cyclic loading of a thick MWCNT (175 nm) under axial compression, observed in situ under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The force was applied via controlled displacement, while real-time TEM videos of the deformation process were gathered to produce the morphological data. The in situ observations combined with force–displacement curves revealed the onset of buckling instabilities, and the elastic limits of the tube were assessed. The MWCNT retained its original structure even after 68 loading–unloading cycles, despite observed clues for structural distortions. The stiffness of the tube, calculated after each loading cycle, was in a 0.15 to 0.28 TPa range—comparable to the literature, which further validates the measurement set-up. These in situ tests demonstrate the resilience of CNTs to fatigue which can be correlated with the CNTs’ structure. Such correlations can help tailoring CNTs’ properties to specific applications.
Affective evaluations of and reactions to exterior and interior vehicle auditory quality

Abstract Affective reactions to and evaluations of auditory stimuli are fundamental components of human perception. In three experiments, participants rated their affective reactions (how pleasant I feel) and preferences for these affective reactions (how much I like the way I feel) as well as affective evaluations (how pleasant the sound is) to interior and exterior binaurally recorded vehicle sounds varying in physical properties. Consistent with previous research, it was found that the orthogonal affect dimensions of valence (unpleasant–pleasant) and arousal or activation (deactivation–activation) discriminated between affective reactions induced by the different qualities of the sounds. Moreover, preference for affective reactions was related to both valence and activation. Affective evaluations (powerful–powerless/passive–active and unpleasant–pleasant) correlated significantly with affective reactions to the same sounds in both within-subjects and between-subjects designs. Standard sound quality metrics derived from the sounds correlated, however, poorly with the affective ratings of interior sounds and only moderately with affective ratings of exterior sounds. Taken together, the results suggest that affect is an important component in product auditory quality optimization.
Dynamometric Strength Profile of Hip Muscles in Youth Soccer Players

Background: Soccer is the most widely practiced sport in the world, demanding high-speed activities such as jumps, sprints and changes of direction. Therefore, having optimal levels of muscle strength improves performance and reduces the injury rate. Objectives: The objectives of our study were (i) to determine the dynamometric profile of hip muscle strength in young soccer players by position, evaluated at different isokinetic speeds, (ii) to describe the conventional and functional unilateral muscle strength ratios, (iii) to analyze the bilateral balance. Methods: Thirty-seven male soccer players (age 17.02 ± 0.92 years) participated in the study. Strength assessment was performed with a functional electromechanical dynamometer, and concentric and eccentric strength of abductors, adductors, extensors and hip flexors were measured bilaterally at 0.5 m/s and 1 m/s. Results: For eccentric right hip abduction at 0.5 m/s, defenders are significantly stronger than midfielders (p = 0.013) and stronger than forwards (p = 0.140). For eccentric right hip adduction at 0.5 m/s, defenders are significantly stronger than midfielders (p = 0.005) and stronger than forwards (p = 0.253), as for eccentric right hip adduction at 1 m/s, defenders are significantly stronger than midfielders (p = 0.014) and stronger than forwards (p = 0.084). There is a significant effect for the conventional strength ratio of left abduction/adduction at 1 m/s. The conventional strength ratio of forwards is significantly higher than that of defenders (p = 0.045) and higher than that of midfielders (p = 0.152). Conclusions: Concentric and eccentric hip strength values differ according to playing position.
DOEs for color correction in broad band optical systems: validity and limits of efficiency approximations

Diffractive optical elements (DOE) are well-suited for the correction of longitudinal and transverse chromatic aberrations in broadband optical systems such as photographic lenses, HMDs or infrared lenses. Unfortunately, the diffraction efficiency η for the working order of DOEs is often clearly below 100% which causes stray light from unwanted diffraction orders and prevents a more frequent use of DOEs in practice. The main reasons for the decrease of diffraction efficiency η are spectral bandwidth, variation of the incidence angle of impinging light and manufacturing errors of the DOE. In the present paper, several scalar approximations for the diffraction efficiency η as a function of these parameters are compared with rigorous electromagnetic calculations. The validity of these formulae are shown to extend over a surprisingly large range of parameters.
Stability Analysis for Local Transductive Regression Algorithms

In this paper, the stability of local transductive regression algorithms is studied by adopting a strategy which adjusts the sample set by removing one or two elements from it. A sufficient condition for uniform stability is given. The result of our work shows that if a local transductive regression algorithm uses square loss, and if for any x, a kernel function K(x, x) has a limited upper bound, then the local transductive regression algorithm which minimizes the standard form will have good uniform stability.
of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres Observationally Weak TGFs in the RHESSI Data

Terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are sub-millisecond bursts of high energetic gamma radiation associated with intracloud flashes in thunderstorms. In this paper we use the simultaneity of lightning detections by World Wide Lightning Location Network to find TGFs in the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) data that are too faint to be identified by standard search algorithms. A similar approach has been used in an earlier paper, but here we expand the data set to include all years of RHESSI + World Wide Lightning Location Network data and show that there is a population of observationally weak TGFs all the way down to 0.22 of the RHESSI detection threshold (three counts in the detector). One should note that the majority of these are “normal” TGFs that are produced further away from the subsatellite point (and experience a 1∕r2 effect) or produced at higher latitudes with a lower tropoause and thus experience increased atmospheric attenuation. This supports the idea that the TGF production rate is higher than currently reported. We also show that compared to lightning flashes, TGFs are more partial to ocean and coastal regions than over land.
Data Dependent Triangulations for Piecewise Linear Interpolation

Pour un ensemble de points de donnees dans R 2 et des valeurs de donnees correspondantes, la qualite de l'interpolation lineaire par morceaux sur des triangles depend de la triangulation specifique des points de donnees. Dans cet article, on suggere que la triangulation doit dependre des valeurs de donnees alors que les methodes de triangulation conventionnelles dependent seulement de la distribution des points dans R 2 . On etudie plusieurs criteres dependant des donnees pour definir les triangulations et on presente des algorithmes efficaces pour les calculer
Model Pembelajaran PAI Berbasis ISRA dalam Meningkatkan Moderasi Beragama Mahasiswa di Perguruan Tinggi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur keefektifan model pembelajaran berbasis ISRA di Perguruan Tinggi Umum, survey menunjukkan bahwa indikator moderasi beragama berupa komitmen kebangsaan, Toleransi, Anti kekerasan, dan adaptif kebudayaan lokal� dapat diterapkan pada kurikulum PAI di perguruan Tingggi Umum. Berbagai penelitian model pembelajaran berbasis moderasi beragama yang dilakukan menghasilkan 50 % hasil cukup signifikan, maka penulis mencoba model pembelajaran berbasis ISRA dalam moderasi beragama ternyata hasilnya cukup baik. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Responden data yang� diambil 90 mahasiswa sebagai sampel� dari berbagai perguruan tinggi umum di Jawa Timur, menggunakan hasil uji analisis melalui Cronbach Alpha dan Wilcoxon dengan hasil yang signifikan 0,05% dari data yang diambil maka Penggunaan model ISRA cukup efektif dalam mengimplementasikan moderasi beragama sehingga dapat meningkatkan sikap moderat pada mahasiswa.
Thaw Characteristics of Soil around Buried Pipeline in Permafrost Regions Based on Numerical Simulation of Temperature Fields

The freezing-thawing processes of the soil around the buried oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions due to the effect of the pipe and atmospheric environment may bring about dangers to the pipelines as frost heave and thaw settlement occur and go on, and then the buried pipes may face huge challenges for safe operation. To analyze the thermal effect of the buried pipe on the surrounding soil, a two-dimensional computational model of the soil temperature fields was established based on the process of the heat transfer with phase change in the soil. The temperature fields and the thaw characteristics of the soil around the operating pipeline in permafrost regions were studied using numerical methods via the software FLUENT in this paper. The developments of the maximum thawed cylinders and corresponding thaw depths under the pipeline within operation life cycle were predicted and analyzed for various medium temperatures, water contents of soils, insulation layer thicknesses and imposed boundary conditions by climatic warming. In addition, the maximum thaw settlement of the soil under the pipeline in 5 typical permafrost areas along the Russia – China oil pipeline (the section in China) within operation life cycle was calculated. The medium temperatures were assumed to be constant and sinusoidal. The results indicated that the maximum thaw depths and thawed cylinders around the pipeline in permafrost regions enlarged with time elapse and the decrease in water content of the soils under the same boundary conditions. The maximum thaw depths and thawed cylinders increased with the increase of medium temperatures after the same operation time. The insulation layer weakened heat exchange between the pipeline and the surrounding soils and thus reduced the development of the thawed cylinders effectively during the early operation period. This research may provide an effective method for engineering application, and the results may provide references for predicting the thaw settlement of the soil and pipeline in permafrost regions.