Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antarctic Bottom Water production and export by tides in the Ross Sea

Current measurements in the western Ross Sea show that Antarctic Bottom Water is produced at the outer edge of the Continental Shelf by tidal stirring of Antarctic Surface Water, Circumpolar Deep Water and Shelf Water. Current amplitudes during spring tides are greater than 1 m/s, sufficient to carry Circumpolar Deep Water onto the shelf from offshore and stir at least the lower portion of the water column to a nearly homogeneous mixture. The Antarctic Bottom Water produced every day during spring tides does not appear to have a seasonal signal. Its export rate is estimated to be 1.95 ± 1.85 × 106 m3/s.
GEOLOGIC PROBLEMS IN THE SOUTHEAST MISSOURI LEAD DISTRICT

This paper is essentially a progress report on the geological study being made in the Southeast Missouri District by the St. Joseph Lead Company. The problems encountered are described and the progress toward their solution is assessed. These problems have consisted of the subdivision of the Bonneterre formation into units that are mappable underground, the recognition of the types of rock alteration accompanying or preceding ore deposition, the recognition of the structural controls of the ore trends, and the collection of data that may indicate the method of ore genesis. The Bonneterre formation is divided into eight principal zones which are numbered from top to bottom. Contacts between zones are mapped, and structural features are indicated by contouring. Ore in each zone has distinctive characteristics. Buried Precambrian igneous knobs have localized some ore bodies in the Lead Belt area, but sedimentary arch structures of depositional origin are the outstanding features controlling ore trends. Fracture zones exerted a secondary influence where arches are present and, where arches are absent, were, in some places the dominant ore-controlling structures. Major alteration effects are dolomitization of limestone, “fingering” and spotting, recrystallization, and removal by solution. Glauconite and adularia have been introduced or redistributed. Lateral migration of the ore solution was important, and the vertical component of motion almost surely was up rather than down. The marginal position of sphalerite in the galena ore bodies is in accord with the relative solubilities of the two sulfides.
Uplift Capacity of Piles in Sand

An analytical method has been proposed to predict the ultimate uplift capacity of piles embedded in sand. The method takes into consideration the length, diameter, and surface characteristics of piles and the soil properties. Typical charts for evaluation of average skin friction values for piles are presented through figures in dimensionless quantities. Critical depth of embedment beyond which the average skin friction attains a constant value depends not only on the relative density of sand but significantly on pile surface characteristics. Reasonable agreement has been observed between the measured and predicted values of uplift capacities. Among the available methods the proposed analysis predicts more realistic values of uplift capacities.
In ﬂ uences Of Different Dimensions Of Academic Self-Concept On Students ’ Cardiac Recovery After Giving A Stressful Presentation

Purpose: Giving a presentation in a seminar is a strenuous academic situation. To meet such a challenge adequately, individuals not only have to activate their mental and physical resources, but they also have to disengage from the task and recover once the challenge has been met. How students experience these situations depends in part on how they recover from the stress, and this has putative impact on their longer-term academic well-being. Methods: In a sample of 68 university students, the present study investigated the impact of four dimensions of students ’ academic self-concept on how ef ﬁ ciently students recovered after a challenging presentation in a university seminar. Recovery was assessed using psychophysiological measures; heart rate and heart rate variability were investigated. Higher levels of students ’ social self-concept (self-concept depending on social comparison) were linked to poorer recovery from the challenge, whereas higher levels of absolute self-concept (independent of external criteria) were associated with more ef ﬁ cient recovery. Results: The ﬁ ndings suggest that a focus on one ’ s own abilities (ie, internal performance standard) is linked to more adaptive patterns of responses to challenging situations, while the focus on social comparisons seems to hamper adaptive coping with academic stress. Conclusion: These ﬁ ndings have consequences not only for learning and instruction but also for students ’ health and well-being.
Students’ acceptance of google classroom as an effective pedagogical tool for Physical Education

Google Classroom is practical for teachers and students as it makes the teaching and learning process more manageable. It is one of the practical pedagogical tools used by various higher educational institutions, as supported by previous studies. In line with this, the study is focused on exploring the factors that affect students’ acceptance of Google Classroom as an effective tool in learning Physical Education, adapting the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). After obtaining data from 1,916 students currently taking minor PE in an online setting at City College of Angeles and after performing Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the results revealed that students perceived ease of use positively predict their perceived usefulness of the LMS. Moreover, perceived ease of use positively influences students’ behavioral intention to use. Also, the students’ perceived usefulness increases behavioral intention to use Google Classroom in learning PE. Lastly, behavioral intent to use leverages students’ actual use of the educational platform. The findings of this study help the academic council and higher administration to decide if the said LMS can continuously be used as the college is still in a full-online learning modality. Recommendations and future research directions are also presented.
Basal ice sequences in Antarctic ice stream: Exposure of past hydrologic conditions and a principal mode of sediment transfer

[1] The brightness distribution of sequentially extracted borehole camera imagery shows two distinct sequences of basal ice in Kamb Ice Stream. The upper sequence (7.3 m) comprises clear ice and layers with dispersed and stratified debris. The lower sequence (8.2 m) consists of accretion ice with alternating layers of stratified and solid debris. The two sequences have volumetric debris contents of about 5% and 20%, respectively. We infer that the upper sequence formed in a tributary where subglacial meltwater was abundant and that the lower sequence formed on the Siple Coast plain where basal freezing currently dominates the basal thermal regime. The basal ice layer contains the equivalent of 2.1 ± 0.4 m of frozen sediment. The high volume of sediment is a result of debris-rich layers interpreted to have formed by accretion in the stagnant phase of ice stream on/off cycles. Fast ice streaming punctuated by entrainment of debris during stagnation episodes is consistent with inferred past flow of adjacent ice streams and geologic features in the Ross Sea. Our results show that sediment wedges near grounding lines may form by melt out of basal ice debris. This is different from previous studies where it was assumed that sediment transfer occurs through sediment deformation within layers of subglacial till. Cumulative freezing in recurring ice stream cycles shows that entrainment of sediment by basal freeze-on is an important erosion mechanism and that high sediment fluxes can occur when ice streams override Coulomb-plastic substrates.
Tracer‐pebble movement along a concave river profile: Virtual velocity in relation to grain size and shear stress

Over 1400 tracer pebbles 16–256 mm in diameter were tracked for 2 years in six reaches of Allt Dubhaig, Scotland, a small gravel‐bed river along which shear stress and bed surface grain size decrease toward a local base level. Pebble movement was size‐selective both within and between reaches. Within reaches the decrease in mean travel distance with increasing grain size is strongest in the coarse tail of the size distribution. Particle shape has a minor secondary effect. A nondimensional grain velocity, averaged over the duration of competent flow, is used to compare different size classes and reaches. Over 90% of its variance is explained by relative grain size and reach Shields stress. The pattern of size selectivity is consistent with single‐event tracer results elsewhere, bedload trap data from our distal reach, and the concept of partial mobility. It provides a mechanism for strong downstream fining by selective transport and deposition along rivers in which stress declines toward base level. The nondimensional prediction equation for grain velocity may be of use in other rivers but requires testing.
Intercomparison and harmonization of UV Index measurements from multiband filter radiometers

[1] Multiband filter radiometers (MBFRs) are extensively used in national measurement networks for UV climate monitoring and for informing the public about potential health risks from excessive solar UV exposure. Results from the first international intercomparison of MBFRs, arranged in Oslo in 2005, are presented. Forty-three radiometers of type GUV, NILU-UV, and UVMFR-7 were assembled, representing monitoring stations on several continents. The first objective was to conduct a blind intercomparison of Global UV Index (UVI) processed by the instrument owners. Eleven independent data sets were compared, eight of which agreed with the reference to within ±5% and ten to within ±10%. The second objective was to provide a harmonized calibration scale for all instruments. When this scale was applied, the UVI agreed to within ±5% (2-sigma) for solar zenith angles (SZAs) up to 90°. The results demonstrate that MBFRs provide accurate UVI measurements for realistic sky conditions and a wide range of SZAs, provided the calibration functions are optimized. The harmonized UVI scale is traceable to the European QASUME reference spectroradiometer.
Carbon Mineralization Potential in Soils of Different Habitats in the Semiarid Horqin Sandy Land: A Laboratory Experiment

Soil organic carbon mineralization potential in four different sandy habitats (shifting, semi-fixed, fixed sand dune, and interdunal lowland) and the effects of litter addition from shrubs and annual plants on soil microbial respiration were measured using a laboratory soil incubation experiment. Soil samples were collected from beneath and outside the canopies of shrubs in all habitats. Soils were incubated for 33 days with and without litter addition. It was concluded that the differences in C mineralization of soils among habitats correlated with the vegetation cover, litter accumulation, and soil structure, organic C, and N contents. Very poor organic C and N as well as very weak microbial respiration were found in soils of the shifting sand dune, suggesting that sandy desertification strongly depleted both bulk of soil organic C and soil labile C pool. Caragana microphylla litter amended soils and annual plant litter amended soils had the greatest and the lowest microbial respiration, respectively, which might in part be attributed to the N contents and C/N ratios in litters. Shrubs accumulated more organic material and created fertile islands with larger organic C and nutrients and microbial activity under their canopies, and therefore, significantly contributed to C sequestration.
A Comparartive Study on Endoscopic Underlay versus Interlay Technique of Type I Tympanoplasty

Introduction Tympanoplasty by underlay method is the commonly employed technique to repair perforated tympanic membrane and is conventionally done using a microscope. Aim of this study was to compare the results of underlay and interlay technique of endoscopic tympanoplasty between two groups. Materials and Methods A total of 100 patients were included in the study, with in a period of two years. All of them underwent type I endoscopic tympanoplasty, 50 patients in group 1 by interlay and 50 patients in group 2 by underlay method. All of whom were followed up for 6 months. Patients were evaluated and compared in terms of graft uptake, improvement in hearing and rate of complications Results In the present study, Group 1 patients have recorded a graft uptake rate of 100% where as in group 2 it was 94%. 88% of the patients in group 1 and 84 % in group 2 reported a complete ABG closure at the end of 6 month. Conclusion Endoscopic tympanoplasty,by interlay technique gives a very good success rate both in terms of graft uptake and air-bone gap closure when compared to underlay method.
Predicting the Storm Surge Threat of Hurricane Sandy with the National Weather Service SLOSH Model

Numerical simulations of the storm tide that flooded the US Atlantic coastline during Hurricane Sandy (2012) are carried out using the National Weather Service (NWS) Sea Lakes and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) storm surge prediction model to quantify its ability to replicate the height, timing, evolution and extent of the water that was driven ashore by this large, destructive storm. Recent upgrades to the numerical model, including the incorporation of astronomical tides, are described and simulations with and without these upgrades are contrasted to assess their contributions to the increase in forecast accuracy. It is shown, through comprehensive verifications of SLOSH simulation results against peak water surface elevations measured at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tide gauge stations, by storm surge sensors deployed and hundreds of high water marks collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), that the SLOSH-simulated water levels at 71% (89%) of the data measurement locations have less than 20% (30%) relative error. The RMS error between observed and modeled peak water levels is 0.47 m. In addition, the model’s extreme computational efficiency enables it to run large, automated ensembles of predictions in real-time to account for the high variability that can occur in tropical cyclone forecasts, thus furnishing a range of values for the predicted storm surge and inundation threat.
Decadal and interannual SST variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean

Abstract The mechanisms regulating interannual and decadal variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic are examined. Observed variations of sea surface temperature are typically in the range of 0.3°–0.5°C and are linked to fluctuations in rainfall on both the African and South American continents. The authors use a numerical model to simulate the observed time series of sea surface temperature for the period 1960–1989. Based on the results, experiments are conducted to determine the relative importance of heat flux and momentum forcing. Two dominant timescales for variability of SST are identified: a decadal timescale that is controlled by latent heat flux anomalies and is primarily responsible for SST anomalies off the equator and an equatorial mode with a timescale of 2–5 years that is dominated by dynamical processes. The interhemispheric gradient of anomalous SST (the SST dipole) is primarily linked to the former process and thus results from the gradual strengthening and weak.
The South American ancestry of the North Patagonian Massif: geochronological evidence for an autochthonous origin?

New U‐Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age data from deformed and undeformed granitoids of the North Patagonian Massif establish the presence of Early Cambrian and widespread Ordovician magmatism in northern Patagonia. These data suggest that the Pampean (Cambrian) and Famatinian (Ordovician) magmatic belts of the Sierras Pampeanas are continuous into Patagonia. SHRIMP U‐Pb age spectra from detrital zircons of Cambro‐Ordovician metasedimentary rocks show patterns very similar to those from equivalent units of the Pampia block, over 500 km farther north. These results suggest that the North Patagonian Massif was likely part of the South American margin of Gondwana in the early Palaeozoic and strongly argue in favour of an authochtonous or para‐autochthonous origin for this block.
20th century mass balance and thermal regime change at Scott Turnerbreen, Svalbard

Abstract The changing geometry and thermal structure of Scott Turnerbreen, a 3.3 km2 glacier located at 78° N in the Svalbard archipelago, is documented. A net mass balance of–0.58 m a–1w.e. is determined for the period 1936–93, by comparing a recent topographic survey with earlier maps. The thermal regime was investigated with multifrequency radar and borehole thermistors. Basal temperatures of–4.1° and –3.3°C were measured, and observed temperature gradients indicate that the entire bed is frozen. This interpretation is confirmed by continuous radar profiling, which demonstrates the absence of high-frequency scattering from temperate ice. However, with the reconstructed 1936 ice- thickness distribution, at least 2 km of the length of the glacier bed would be at the pressure-melting temperature. The 20th century mass-balance history of Scott Turnerbreen is likely to have been influenced by a surge occurring around 1930, which meant that the glacier was already in a state of disequilibrium before the abrupt climate perturbation marking the termination of the Little Ice Age. A significant loss of mass has been accompanied by a transition from inferred polythermal to entirely non-temperate thermal conditions. Current driving stress and velocity are very low, and the glacier has almost certainly fallen out of the surge cycle. Within 60 years, there has therefore been a wholesale transformation in the geometry, thermal structure and dynamics of Scott Turnerbreen.
Meanvariance Versus Full-Scale Optimization: Broad Evidence for the UK

In the Full-Scale Optimization approach the complete empirical financial return probability distribution is considered; and the utility maximizing solution is found through numerical optimization. Using a portfolio choice setting of three UK equity indices we identify several utility functions featuring loss aversion and prospect theory; under which Full-Scale Optimization is a substantially better approach than the mean-variance approach. As the equity indices have return distributions with small deviations from normality; the findings indicate much broader usefulness of Full-Scale Optimization than has earlier been shown. The results hold in and out of sample; and the performance improvements are given in terms of utility as well as certainty equivalents.
The marine methane cycle in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago during summer.

13 In the Arctic Ocean region, methane (CH 4 ) concentrations are higher than the global average, with 14 particularly high concentrations of dissolved CH 4 observed along many subarctic and Arctic continental 15 shelf margins. Despite this, the Arctic Ocean emits only minimal methane fluxes to the atmosphere across 16 the air-sea interface, suggesting that water column oxidation of methane may be an important process. 17 In this study, we paired thermohaline, chemical, and biological data collected during the Northwest 18 Passage Project transit through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) waters in the summer of 2019 with 19 in-situ and in-vitro methane data. Our findings suggested that the most elevated in-situ concentration of 20 dissolved methane was present in the near-surface waters of the Pacific, particularly in meltwater regions. 21 The highest methane concentrations were observed within shallow waters, averaging at 5.8±2.5 nM within 22 the upper 30m depth. Furthermore, the methane distribution showed a distinct pattern from east to west, 23 with higher concentrations and oxidation rate potential in the western region. In our study, we observed 24 generally low methane oxidation rate constants, averaging at 0.006±0.002 d -1 . However, surface waters 25 from Wellington Channel and Croker Bay exhibited relatively higher methane oxidation rates, averaging at 26 0.01±0.0004 d -1 . These regions were distinguished by a significant proportion of meltwater, including both
Modelling doublets and double porosity

Abstract A simple model has been developed as a scoping tool for transport between an injection well and an abstraction well pumping at the same rate (i.e. a doublet) in a fractured porous rock. This model is aimed primarily at the planning and preliminary interpretation of tracer tests and trial heat exchange using thermal doublets in the Chalk aquifer. The model is essentially a particular case of transport along multiple flow paths and relies on the invariance of double-porosity transport with respect to velocity variations along a flow path. Hypothetical simulations demonstrate that solute tracer tests need to be supplemented by information on fracture porosity in order to be able to predict thermal breakthrough.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids when treating patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective: To systematically assess the efficacy of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) when treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This meta-analysis follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, China journal full-text database, VIP full-text Database, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Data for clinical trials on ω-3 PUFAs’ efficacy in treating PCOS. Two independent reviewers examined and analyzed studies, resolving inconsistencies through discussion. RevMan5.3 software performed heterogeneity-based fixed and random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed bias using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. Results: Our meta-analysis included 7 clinical control studies comprising 574 samples to evaluate the impact of ω-3 PUFAs on various metabolic markers in PCOS patients. We observed a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels (P < .05), along with a decrease in insulin resistance as measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (P < .05). Testosterone (T) levels were also lowered in the study group post-treatment (P < .05). However, no notable effects were found on body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) scores (P > .05). Publication bias was not detected, enhancing the robustness of our results. Our study suggests that ω-3 PUFAs could be beneficial in managing specific metabolic markers in PCOS, although the results showed marked heterogeneity. Conclusion: In PCOS patients, PUFAs can enhance reproductive endocrine, glucose, and lipid levels. However, additional research and extended follow-up are required to confirm this.