Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial regularisation of the incompressible 𝜇(I)-rheology for granular flow

In recent years considerable progress has been made in the continuum modelling of granular flows, in particular the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$ -rheology, which links the local viscosity in a flow to the strain rate and pressure through the non-dimensional inertial number $I$ . This formulation greatly benefits from its similarity to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations as it allows many existing numerical methods to be used. Unfortunately, this system of equations is ill posed when the inertial number is too high or too low. The consequence of ill posedness is that the growth rate of small perturbations tends to infinity in the high wavenumber limit. Due to this, numerical solutions are grid dependent and cannot be taken as being physically realistic. In this paper changes to the functional form of the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$ curve are considered, in order to maximise the range of well-posed inertial numbers, while preserving the overall structure of the equations. It is found that when the inertial number is low there exist curves for which the equations are guaranteed to be well posed. However when the inertial number is very large the equations are found to be ill posed regardless of the functional dependence of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ on $I$ . A new $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$ curve, which is inspired by the analysis of the governing equations and by experimental data, is proposed here. In order to test this regularised rheology, transient granular flows on inclined planes are studied. It is found that simulations of flows, which show signs of ill posedness with unregularised models, are numerically stable and match key experimental observations when the regularised model is used. This paper details two-dimensional transient computations of decelerating flows where the inertial number tends to zero, high-speed flows that have large inertial numbers, and flows which develop into granular rollwaves. This is the first time that granular rollwaves have been simulated in two dimensions, which represents a major step towards the simulation of other complex granular flows.
Flow-Induced Noise of Perforated Plates at Oblique Angles of Incidence

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF SYMBOLS . xxv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. Problem . 1 1.2. Thesis Outline . 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 4 2.
Equilibrium computation for zero sum games with submodular structure

We define a class of zero-sum games with combinatorial structure, where the best response problem of one player is to maximize a submodular function. For example, this class includes security games played on networks, as well as the problem of robustly optimizing a submodular function over the worst case from a set of scenarios. The challenge in computing equilibria is that both players' strategy spaces can be exponentially large. Accordingly, previous algorithms have worst-case exponential runtime and indeed fail to scale up on practical instances. We provide a pseudopolynomial-time algorithm which obtains a guaranteed $(1 - 1/e)^2$-approximate mixed strategy for the maximizing player. Our algorithm only requires access to a weakened version of a best response oracle for the minimizing player which runs in polynomial time. Experimental results for network security games and a robust budget allocation problem confirm that our algorithm delivers near-optimal solutions and scales to much larger instances than was previously possible.
Three-Dimensional Flow Problems in a Lid-Driven Cubical Cavity with a Circular Cylinder

Abstract Three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted for lid-driven cavity phenomena around an inner circular cylinder positioned in the center of a cubic enclosure in the Reynolds number range of (100≤Re≤2000) at the Prandtl number of Pr=0.71. The numerical method is based on the finite volume method (FVM) and multigrid acceleration. In this study, the transition of the flow regime from steady state to the unsteady state and consequent three-dimensionality in the system induced by the increase of Reynolds number to (Re=1798) were investigated. By increasing further Reynolds number over the critical value, the flow in the cavity exhibits a complex behavior. Typical distributions of the transverse velocity contours and kinetic energy fields at (Re=2000) have been obtained.
Solid CO2 in quiescent dense molecular clouds: Comparison between Spitzer and laboratory spectra

Context. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the most abundant species detected in icy grain mantles in star forming regions. Laboratory experiments have shown that CO 2 molecules are efficiently formed in the solid state under interstellar conditions. Specifically, solid CO 2 can be formed through energetic (e.g. UV photolysis, electron and ion bombardment) and non-energetic mechanisms (atom-addition reactions). Aims. Here we investigate the role of low-energy cosmic-ray bombardment in the formation of solid CO 2 in quiescent dense molecular clouds. Methods. We performed laboratory experiments to study the formation of CO 2 after ion irradiation with 200 keV H + of astrophysical relevant ice mixtures. Laboratory spectra are used to fit the profile of the CO 2 bending mode band observed at about 15.2 μ m (660 cm -1 ) by the Spitzer Space Telescope in the line of sight to background sources. Results. From a qualitative point of view, good fits to observations are obtained by considering either three or four laboratory components. From a quantitative point of view, a better result is obtained with four components, i.e. when a spectrum of CO 2 formed after ion irradiation of CH 3 OH ice is added to the fitting procedure. Conclusions. Our results support the hypothesis that energetic processing of icy grain mantles is an efficient formation mechanism of CO 2 ice also in quiescent dark cloud regions, and indirectly suggest the presence of CH 3 OH in icy grain mantles in interstellar cold regions.
Students’ Self-Monitoring on Mathematics Ability: Cube and Cuboid Problem Solving

This study aims at describing students’ activity to understand the behaviors processes called self-monitoring in a cube and cuboid problem solving viewed from mathematics ability. The subjects were eight graders of junior high school who studied surface area and volume of cube and cuboid clussified into high, average and low mathematics abilities. Mathematics ability test to select the subjects the study. Data were collected through self-monitoring task and interviews. Data triangulation was used to verify the credibillity findings. Data analysis was done by data condensation, data display and conclusion drawing and verification. Results showed that students’ self-monitoring with high math ability is more fullfilled self-monitoring components. Students with average and low math abilities not fullfilled the component that covers verifying the results during solving the problem. It is expected that teachers must provide different learning treatments to improve students’ self-monitoring for better learning outcomes.
Low‐frequency oscillatory flow signatures and high‐speed flows in the Earth's magnetotail

Using plasma sheet data from Cluster 1 spacecraft from 2001 till 2011, we statistically investigate oscillatory signatures in the plasma bulk flow. These periodic oscillations are compared to high‐speed and quiet flows. Periodic oscillations are observed approximately 8% of the time, while high‐speed flows and quiet flows are observed around 0.5% and 12% of the time, respectively. We remark that periodic oscillations can roughly occur everywhere for xgsm<−10RE and |ygsm|<10RE, while quiet flows mainly occur toward the flanks of this region and toward x =− 10RE. The relation between the geomagnetic and solar activity and the occurrence of periodic oscillations is investigated and reveal that periodic oscillations occur for most Kp values and solar activity, while quiet flows are more common during low magnetospheric and solar activity. We find that the median oscillation frequency of periodic oscillations is 1.7 mHz and the median duration of the oscillation events is 41 min. We also observe that their associated Poynting vectors show a tendency to be earthward (Sx≥0). Finally, the distribution of high‐speed flows and periodic oscillations as a function of the velocity is investigated and reveals that thresholds lower than 200 km/s should not be used to identify high‐speed flows as it could result in misinterpreting a periodic oscillations for a high‐speed flow.
Predictors of PrEP retention in at risk patients seen at a HIV primary care clinic in San Diego

Background Adherence to medication and retention in care are key contributors to the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for prevention of HIV. Therefore, it is important to understand factors that may impact retention in various settings that prescribe PrEP. Methods We evaluated factors associated with retention in care 3 and 12 months after PrEP initiation at a primary care HIV clinic in San Diego. Retention was defined as having an office/virtual visit within 1 month from the 3- or 12-months time point or interacting with the clinic leading to medication being refilled. Results A total of 199 patients were included. Retention rates were 74.4% and 52.8% at 3 and 12 months respectively. In the multivariate analysis, reporting depression or anxiety was associated with being retained in care (p = 0.004) and identifying as cisgender female was associated with lack of retention (p = 0.04) at 3 months. Testing positive for a sexually transmitted infection was associated with 12-months retention (p = 0.004); however, this was likely influenced by difference in the frequency of testing in those retained versus not retained. Conclusion Ongoing efforts to determine the optimal method for provision of PrEP care that supports retention for different populations at risk for HIV, are needed.
Pattern recognition based on time-frequency analysis and convolutional neural networks for vibrational events in φ-OTDR

Abstract. Based on vibration signals detected by a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer distributed optical fiber sensing system, this paper presents an implement of time-frequency analysis and convolutional neural network (CNN), used to classify different types of vibrational events. First, spectral subtraction and the short-time Fourier transform are used to enhance time-frequency features of vibration signals and transform different types of vibration signals into spectrograms, which are input to the CNN for automatic feature extraction and classification. Finally, by replacing the soft-max layer in the CNN with a multiclass support vector machine, the performance of the classifier is enhanced. Experiments show that after using this method to process 4000 vibration signal samples generated by four different vibration events, namely, digging, walking, vehicles passing, and damaging, the recognition rates of vibration events are over 90%. The experimental results prove that this method can automatically make an effective feature selection and greatly improve the classification accuracy of vibrational events in distributed optical fiber sensing systems.
Mean-square stability of networked control systems with event driven state quantisation and packet loss

This study addresses mean-square stability of networked control system with state quantisation process and suffers random packet losses. A logarithmic quantiser is applied in order to decrease the possibility of the packet loss phenomenon. Also, the quantisation process is designed as event driven so that the quantisation is only performed when necessary. It is shown that stability in mean-square sense is achieved if a series of LMI conditions are valid. Simulations are finally performed to show the effectiveness of the results of the theoretical analysis.
Self- Categorization of University Students

Identification of the following is the goal of the current study: 1-The Self – Categorization of the university students. Students at Babylon University make up the study's population. (Morning Study) including both genders (males and females) that majoring (Scientific and Humanities) studies for the school year 2022-2023. The research sample consisted of (380) male and female students were selected by stratified random method with appropriate distribution, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the self-classification scale (Al-Saadi 2010) in this research, based on the theory (Turner 1979) It was presented to a group of specialized arbitrators to judge the validity of its paragraphs, and then the psychometric properties were extracted for it through the application to the research sample of (380) male and female students, and the value of the stability coefficient by Alpha Cronbach method (0.8 5) and by re-testing method (0.81) After the scale became in its final form (42) items, the researcher applied it to the research sample of (380) male and female students, and the researcher built a scale of emotional dissonance based on the theory (1983, Hochschild ) of emotional dissonance As well as it was presented to a group of experts arbitrators were also extracted psychometric properties of it, as the coefficient of stability of the scale in the manner of Alpha Cronbach (0.8 8) and the method of re-testing (0.83) and after confirming the validity of the scale was applied in its final form (30) paragraph on the research sample. After finishing the application, the researcher utilized the proper statistical techniques to analyze
Ultraviolet spectral irradiance measurements: an intercomparison of spectroradiometers in laboratory combined with a workplace field test

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiance measurements are usually associated with large inaccuracies and uncertainties complicating the comparability of corresponding measurement equipment and its data. For supervisors or safety experts, though, it is mandatory to measure reliable UV irradiances with regard to occupational safety regulations. The following work aims at an intercomparison of five different types of spectroradiometers regarding their wavelength alignment and irradiance accuracy in the UV spectral region that provides the reader with information on how to determine and compare the measurement accuracies of their own devices. In a first step, measurements of two UV irradiance standards, a deuterium and a halogen lamp, were carried out. The percentage deviations of the measured total UV irradiances from their calibrated ones are smaller than ±10% for all spectroradiometers. The quality of wavelength accuracy as well as of the spectral bandwidth, both investigated by means of a low pressure mercury argon lamp are consistent with those stated by the manufacturers. In a second step, UV radiation from a metal active gas welding arc was examined at three distances in combination with a variation of welding current and arc length to check the behaviour of UV irradiance accuracy in field. The overall averaged standard deviation of these field measurements for all CCD array detectors is given by ±8%. For high welding currents this accuracy decreases to ±21%.
Dual-gate MoS2 transistors with sub-10 nm top-gate high-k dielectrics

High quality sub-10 nm high-k dielectrics are deposited on top of MoS2 and evaluated using a dual-gate field effect transistor configuration. Comparison between top-gate HfO2 and an Al2O3/HfO2 bilayer shows significant improvement in device performance due to the insertion of the thin Al2O3 layer. The results show that the Al2O3 buffer layer improves the interface quality by effectively reducing the net fixed positive oxide charge at the top-gate MoS2/high-k dielectric interface. Dual-gate sweeping, where both the top-gate and the back-gate are swept simultaneously, provides significant insight into the role of these oxide charges and improves overall device performance. Dual-gate transistors encapsulated in an Al2O3 dielectric demonstrate a near-ideal subthreshold swing of ∼60 mV/dec and a high field effect mobility of 100 cm2/V·s.High quality sub-10 nm high-k dielectrics are deposited on top of MoS2 and evaluated using a dual-gate field effect transistor configuration. Comparison between top-gate HfO2 and an Al2O3/HfO2 bilayer shows significant improvement in device performance due to the insertion of the thin Al2O3 layer. The results show that the Al2O3 buffer layer improves the interface quality by effectively reducing the net fixed positive oxide charge at the top-gate MoS2/high-k dielectric interface. Dual-gate sweeping, where both the top-gate and the back-gate are swept simultaneously, provides significant insight into the role of these oxide charges and improves overall device performance. Dual-gate transistors encapsulated in an Al2O3 dielectric demonstrate a near-ideal subthreshold swing of ∼60 mV/dec and a high field effect mobility of 100 cm2/V·s.
On-line trajectory planning of time-jerk optimal for robotic arms

A method based on the computation of the time intervals of the knots for time-jerk optimal planning under kinematic constraints of robot manipulators in prede(cid:133)ned operations is described in this paper. In order to ensure that the resulting trajectory is smooth enough, a cost function containing a term proportional to the integral of the squared jerk (de(cid:133)ned as the derivative of the acceleration) along the trajectory is considered. Moreover, a second term, proportional to the total execution time, is added to the expression of the cost function. A Cubic Spline functions are then used to compose overall trajectory. This method can meet the requirements of a short execution time and low arm vibration of the manipulator and the simulation provides good results.
Exponential stability and numerical simulation of a Bresse-Timoshenko system subject to a neutral delay

In the present work, we consider a one-dimensional Bresse-Timoshenko system with neutral delay term and a viscous damping acting on vertical displacement of the beam. Under appropriate assumptions on the kernel of this kind of delay and based on the multipliers method, we construct a suitable Lyapunov functional that allows us to establish an exponential decay of the energy in spite of the existence of the delay. Moreover, our result does not depend on any condition on the coefficients of the system. Finally, we present some numerical results to illustrate the theoretical result obtained.
Asymptotic Analysis for Spectral Risk Measures Parameterized by Confidence Level

We study the asymptotic behavior of the difference $\Delta \rho ^{X, Y}_\alpha := \rho _\alpha (X + Y) - \rho _\alpha (X)$ as $\alpha \rightarrow 1$, where $\rho_\alpha $ is a risk measure equipped with a confidence level parameter $0 < \alpha < 1$, and where $X$ and $Y$ are non-negative random variables whose tail probability functions are regularly varying. The case where $\rho _\alpha $ is the value-at-risk (VaR) at $\alpha $, is treated in Kato (2017). This paper investigates the case where $\rho _\alpha $ is a spectral risk measure that converges to the worst-case risk measure as $\alpha \rightarrow 1$. We give the asymptotic behavior of the difference between the marginal risk contribution and the Euler contribution of $Y$ to the portfolio $X + Y$. Similarly to Kato (2017), our results depend primarily on the relative magnitudes of the thicknesses of the tails of $X$ and $Y$. We also conducted a numerical experiment, finding that when the tail of $X$ is sufficiently thicker than that of $Y$, $\Delta \rho ^{X, Y}_\alpha $ does not increase monotonically with $\alpha$ and takes a maximum at a confidence level strictly less than $1$.
Modelling public sector accounting on private sector practices: the perspectives of practitioners in Polish local government

IMPACT This study taps into the knowledge of practitioners who have hands-on experience of public sector accounting at the local government level. As the public sector and public services are developing by progressively reducing bureaucracy and focusing on improving efficiency and effectiveness, accounting practices should also evolve to meet these challenges. This article demonstrates the importance of involving experienced local government officials in discussions that include changes in accounting practices. Their feedback would enhance the value added of suggested changes, by decreasing the risk that new methods are not applicable or not practical and end up being only ceremonial in nature.
New South Wales State Government Failure? An Empirical Analysis of the Cootamundra Gundagai Regional Council Forced Merger

Summary at a Glance Under the NSW Government's forced amalgamation program, the Cootamundra and Gundagai councils were merged in 2016. This paper examines the outcomes of the amalgamation by comparing the estimated outcomes prepared by NSW Government agencies and KPMG with the actual outcomes after four years post-merger. It demonstrates that the merger has failed on almost all counts. Abstract As part of the controversial local government structural reform program in NSW, the Cootamundra and Gundagai shire councils were forcibly amalgamated into the Cootamundra Gundagai Regional Council (CGRC) in 2016. Various documents and commissioned reports prepared by NSW government agencies, commercial consultants KPMG and the NSW Boundaries Commission Delegate all claimed that significant cost savings and other financial benefits would flow from the consolidated CGRC. Using data from the four post-merger financial years, in this paper we examine these claims against observed financial and operational efficiency outcomes at the CGRC. Three different analyses are conducted: aggregate accounting measures are examined, financial ratio analysis is used for performance comparison, and operational efficiency is estimated through Data Envelopment Analysis. All three analyses decisively demonstrate that the CGRC has not only failed to reap the claimed cost savings and other financial benefits, but its fiscal performance has deteriorated sharply. In sum, the CGRC represents a clear case of NSW state government policy failure.
Detailed heat transfer and friction factor characteristics in a rectangular duct with alternate solid and converging-slit ribs

ABSTRACT Liquid crystal thermography and pressure drop measurements have been carried out to study the heat transfer and frictional characteristics in a rectangular duct with solid ribs (C1), converging slit-ribs (C2), and alternate solid-slit ribs (C3) mounted transversely on the bottom wall, where C2 carries a continuous converging-slit in the flow direction. Effect of rib configurations, and rib pitch to height ratios (6, 8, 10, and 12) has been investigated at Re of 9400, 26160, 42500, and 58850. Results show that converging-slit considerably enhances the heat transfer rate in the downstream vicinity, and help in obviating the local hot spot formation. Abbreviations: LCT: Liquid crystal thermography; HTC: Heat transfer coefficient; LHI: Laser holographic interferometry; NST: Naphthalene sublimation technique; IR: Infrared; TPF: Thermo-hydraulic performance; PIV: Particle image velocimetry.
Fragmentation of phase-fluctuating condensates

We study zero-temperature quantum phase fluctuations in harmonically trapped one-dimensional interacting Bose gases, using the self-consistent multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method. In a regime of mesoscopic particle numbers and moderate contact couplings, it is shown that the phase-fluctuating condensate is properly described as a fragmented condensate. In addition, we demonstrate that the spatial dependence of the amplitude of phase fluctuations significantly deviates from what is obtained in Bogoliubov theory. Our results can be verified in currently available experiments. They therefore provide an opportunity both to experimentally benchmark the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method, as well as to directly observe, for the first time, the quantum many-body phenomenon of fragmentation in single traps.