Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Validation of ureC-based Primers for Groundwater Detection of Urea-Hydrolyzing Bacteria

Polymerase chain reaction primers based on the ureC gene are described for use in detecting diverse groundwater urea-hydrolyzing bacteria. Six degenerate primers were designed and evaluated for their ability to detect the gene encoding the large catalytic subunit of urease, ureC. Five combinations of these primers were tested pair-wise and displayed an overlapping detection range for bacterial isolates. Pair L2F/L2R exhibited the greatest detection range for described bacterial species and for bacterial isolates from groundwater samples belonging to the bacterial divisions Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and the α , β , and γ subdivisions of Proteobacteria. Primers L2F/L2R exhibited a greater detection range than previously described ureC-specific primers, and amplified novel ureC sequences from groundwater isolates in the genera Hydrogenophaga, Acidovorax, Janthinobacterium, and Arthrobacter. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of ureC and 16S rRNA genes was performed to determine the utility of groundwater ureC sequence information as a phylogenetic marker for ureolytic species. Our results were consistent with previous analyses of urease genes which demonstrated that the ureC gene has undergone lateral transfer and is not a robust phylogenetic marker. However, the ureC-specific primers, L2F/L2R, demonstrate a broad detection range for ureolytic species, and can serve to enhance functional diversity analyses of ureolytic bacteria.
Quantifying acquired thermal tolerance in winter wheat

High temperature stress limits productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in many environments. Identification of thermal tolerant germplasm is needed to improve plant productivity under heat stress. In this study we used 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction, an indicator of mitochondrial activity, to characterize cultivar differences for acquired thermal tolerance in winter wheat. Seven-day-old seedlings of six hard red winter wheat cultivars grown at 25°C were acclimated at 37°C for 24 h followed by a 50°C incubation for 2 h. Leaf sections sampled after each temperature treatment were infiltrated with TTC and the resultant formazan was ethanol-extracted for optical density measurement at 530 nm. Under these test conditions, the TTC assay detected differential tolerance (expressed as percent cell viability of the 50°C treated tissue compared to the 37°C treated tissue) which ranged from a low of 6% for «Siouxland», to a high of 72% for «TAM 108» [. ]
Effect of Tree Shelters on Growth and Gas Exchange of Four Tree Species Under Field and Nursery Conditions1

One-year-old seedlings of sawtooth oak, white oak, green ash and flowering dogwood were evaluated to determine the effect of tree shelters on survival, growth and gas exchange. Trees were grown under both field and container nursery conditions. Shelters had a significant impact on survival of field-grown trees, but not on containerized, nursery-grown seedlings. Overall survival was approximately 75 and 40% for sheltered and non-sheltered, field-grown trees, respectively. Sheltered plants had approximately a 90% survival rate and non-sheltered trees exhibited approximately 80% survival in a nursery situation. In the field, sheltered trees had greater height growth and biomass production than non-sheltered trees. However, sheltered plants exhibited a decrease in total biomass in the nursery study, the majority of which was reflected in an overall 62% reduction in root production in the sheltered trees. Photosynthesis of sheltered trees averaged 65% of non-sheltered trees and internal leaf CO 2 was approximately 11% greater in sheltered trees. Shelters appear to benefit field-planted seedlings by providing physical protection and shade therefore, enabling the tree to better survive stresses from ambient conditions. In nursery situations, shelters may only be helpful in training attractive trees with less labor. Index words: tree shelters, tree tubes, biomass, seedling growth, photosynthesis. Chemicals used in this study: RoundupTM (glyphosate), RoutTM (oryzalin + oxyfluorfen). Species used in this study: white oak (Quercus alba L.); sawtooth oak (Q. acutissima Carruthers); green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.); and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.). Significance to the Nursery Industry Results from this study indicate that tree shelters increase growth and survival of certain tree species under field conditions. Tree shelters, however, did not improve growth and survival of containerized trees. Increased growth and survival may prove beneficial to field-stock (bare-root), nursery-crop producers, but may not be useful with containerized stock. A cost comparison of expenses related to field and container production of trees with and without shelters may be helpful to nursery producers interested in using tree shelters during nursery crop production.
Heart rates of muskrats diving under simulated field conditions: persistence of the bradycardia response and factors modifying its expression

A marked, rapidly deployed bradycardia accompanied every voluntary dive by muskrats diving under a wide range of simulated field conditions in the laboratory. Telemetered heart rates were typically stable during submergence, with little evidence of postdive tachycardia or anticipatory changes in cardiac frequency prior to onset or termination of spontaneous dives. The extent of bradycardia varied with the type of dive; heart rate was highest during foraging trips and lowest during escape dives provoked by the investigators. Diving heart rate was positively correlated with the predive rate in escape dives but not foraging or exploratory dives. In animals trained to swim an underwater maze separating a simulated lodge from a feeding station, the extent of bradycardia increased with the period of submergence. This relationship was strongest for escape dives and was attributed mainly to a reduction in motor activity with time submerged. Several escape dives more than 3 min in duration were documented in both .
A Survey of Fintech Research and Policy Discussion

The intersection of finance and technology, known as fintech, has resulted in the dramatic growth of innovations and has changed the entire financial landscape. While fintech has a critical role to play in democratizing credit access to the unbanked and thin-file consumers around the globe, those consumers who are currently well served also turn to fintech for faster services and greater transparency. Fintech, particularly the blockchain, has the potential to be disruptive to financial systems and intermediation. Our aim in this paper is to provide a comprehensive fintech literature survey with relevant research studies and policy discussion around the various aspects of fintech. The topics include marketplace and peer-to-peer lending, credit scoring, alternative data, distributed ledger technologies, blockchain, smart contracts, cryptocurrencies and initial coin offerings, central bank digital currency, robo-advising, quantitative investment and trading strategies, cybersecurity, identity theft, cloud computing, use of big data and artificial intelligence and machine learning, identity and fraud detection, anti-money laundering, Know Your Customers, natural language processing, regtech, insuretech, sandboxes, and fintech regulations.
Sound design strategy for enhancing subjective preference of EV interior sound

In this study, sound design strategy for enhancing sound quality of EV interior noise is proposed and effectiveness of that is evaluated. In order to reduce annoyance of EV interior noise caused by its high frequency component, strategy of ‘adding lower harmonics’ was suggested. The strategy was expected to make sound more abundant and to decrease its sharpness. Following this strategy, 6 types of stimuli were composed by adding artificial sounds upon a recorded EV interior sound. Psychological experiments were conducted with 27 drivers using semantic differential method and 11-point numerical scale. Two of designed sounds were more preferred to original sound, and their sound characteristics were evaluated. A relationship between sound characteristics and subjective preference was examined.
STUDY ON RHEOLOGICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF TREATED WASTE NATURAL RUBBER LATEX/POLYSTYRENE BLEND AS REDUCTANT

The waste natural rubber latex (WNRL) was treated by natural rubber latex (NRL) to improve the properties. The treatment was done prior to blending with polystyrene (PS). The preparation of treated waste natural rubber latex (TWNRL)/PS was conducted with ratio of 70/30 using internal Haake mixer at 140oC with speed of 60 rpm. The WNRL/PS blend was prepared in a similar way for comparison purpose. The mixing torque was recorded during blending, while storage modulus and tan_delta were investigated using Rheometer. The thermal gravimetry (TG) and difference scanning calorimeter (DSC) were also studied. The results showed that TWNRL/PS blend gave lower mixing torque compared to WNRL/PS blend. Thus, it reveals that the treatment of WNRNL by NRL could improve the processibility. The storage modulus of TWNRL/PS blend showed lower value compared to WNRL/PS blend. This could be due to that the TWNRL/PS blend contains lower cross-linked molecules which have lower resistance to chains mobility. A study using DSC implied that TWNRL and PS are immiscible (two-phase system). This can be proven by the presence of two glass transition. In comparison, the Tg from DSC and tan_delta observed for TWNRL/PS and WNRL/PS blends showed no significant difference. However, the degradation temperature of TWNL/PS blend was slightly lower than that of WNRL/PS blend due to the requirement of energy for breaking the network molecule was lower.
Establishment of the introduced kelp Undaria pinnatifida following dieback of the native macroalga Phyllospora comosa in Tasmania, Australia

The Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida has recently invaded the coastlines of several countries across both hemispheres. Although the occurrence and subsequent spread of the alga has been well documented, the processes underpinning establishment and spread remain poorly understood. Recent work involving canopy manipulations has demonstrated that disturbance to the native algal canopy facilitates establishment of U. pinnatifida sporophytes at high densities, however, the kelp’s response to a natural disruption of the native algal canopy has not been assessed. In summer/autumn 2001, we examined the response of U. pinnatifida to the significant dieback of a common native canopy forming macroalga (Phyllospora comosa) on the east coast of Tasmania. The response of U. pinnatifida and native algae to the dieback was observed during the season for growth of U. pinnatifida sporophytes (spring 2001) and compared with adjacent areas where dieback did not occur. Undaria pinnatifida sporophytes established at high densities (6.75 ± 1.99 stipes m–2) in dieback areas, but remained rare or entirely absent in control areas where the native canopy was intact. The dieback also resulted in bleaching of encrusting algae and increased cover of understorey algae and sediment. The results support the findings of our recent artificial disturbance experiments, confirming the importance of disturbance events for the successful establishment of U. pinnatifida at high densities.
Incidence Rate and Patterns of Sport Injury among College Students

The participation of college students in sport is quite large, which causes them to be at higher risk of injury. However, data on sport injury in college students are not always available at college or universities. Injury reports can be used to develop an injury reduction program in college. This study aims to determine the injury rate and patterns of injury among college students. This is a cross-sectional study followed by one hundred students of the faculty of medicine, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta. A self-administered questionnaire and physical examination were performed. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tests in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17. Significance was set at p<0.05. There were 107 injuries from seventy six students (76%) from four sport. The total injury rate was 99 per 1000 student-exposure. Males had higher injury rate and prevalence than females. Injured students were older and taller (20.03 vs 19.50, p=0.02; 168.83 vs 164.75, p=0.05, respectively). Ankle and sprain were the most common site and type of injury (34.6% and 56%, respectively). Logistic regression indicated that gender, age, BMI, and type of sport were not determinant factors for injury (odds ratio [OR] 2.07, p=0.13; [OR] 2.60, p=0.11; [OR] 0.63, p=0.38; [OR] 1.66, p=0.31, respectively). Many college students of Atma Jaya participating in sport suffered from injury. The most common injury was ankle sprain. Injury reduction programmes should emphasize ankle sprain.
THE EFFECTS OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND INOCULANTS MIXTURE ENZYME ON FERMENTATION AND FEED VALUE OF VETCH (VICIA NARBONENSIS L.) SILAGE

Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) requires lower rainfall than chickpeas , faba beans and lentils and may be proven a better legume alternative in ratio systems. Vetch was used in this trial as the silage material . This study carried out to determine the effects of lactic acid bacteria and inoculants as silage additives, on the fermentation and aerobic stability of vetch silage. Vicia narbonensis was harvested pot setting period and ensiled in silos type of glass containers . Each application consists of 3 parallel. Chemical and microbiological analyses, were conducted on the silage which was opened on the 45th day after it was ensiled . According to the analysis; control, LAB and LAB + enzyme groups of dry matter 23 . 03, 21.83, 22 . 52, pH 4.11, 4.00, 4.15, ammonia-nitrogen; 70.19, 129.44, 106 . 00 found. In conclusion , it was evaluated that chemical , pyhsical, and microbiological qualities increease with the addition of LAB and LAB + enzyme to the narbon vetch silage. Also use to narbon vetch silage material useful for storage conditions. Copyright © 2020, Coskuntuna and GÜL. This is an open access article distr ibuted under the Creative Commons Attr ibution License, which permits unrestr icted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Vibration and Longitudinal Stress Wave Nondestructive Evaluation Methods

Transverse Vibrational Techniques Transverse vibration techniques have received considerable attention for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications. To illustrate these methods, an analogy can be drawn between the vibration of a mass that is attached to a weightless spring and internal damping force and the behavior of a vibrating beam (Fig. 2.1). in Figure 2.1, mass M is supported from a rigid body by a weightless spring whose stiffness is denoted by K. Internal friction or damp-
THE SAGITTAL PLANE KNEE PROPRIOCEPTION IN AMBULATORY INDIVIDUALS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: A SINGLE-CENTER PILOT STUDY IN POLAND

Date received: 29th January 2020 Date accepted: 6th March 2020 Authors reported no source of funding Authors declared no conflict of interest Author responsible for correspondence: Brian Po-Jung Chen Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences 28 Czerwca 1956r. No 135/147 61-545 Poznań Poland brianchen.md@icloud.com Issue Rehabil. Orthop. Neurophysiol. Sport Promot. 2020; 30: 7–12.
DIETARY BEHAVIOUR OF THE PLEISTOCENE CRETAN DWARF DEER: PRELIMINARY CLUES FROM MESOWEAR ANALYSIS OF CANDIACERVUS EX GR. CANDIACERVUS ROPALOPHORUS FROM BATE CAVE

During the Middle and Late Pleistocene Crete was inhabited by endemic dwarf deer. The smallest, Candiacervus ex gr. Candiacervus ropalophorus (sensu Palombo et al., 2008) have been believed to have inhabited rocky environments characterised by typical Mediterranean vegetation. This research aims to investigate dietary behaviour in the sample of the smallest deer found in the Bate Cave late Middle early Late Pleistocene deposits (152,000±20% to 105,000±20% years). The molar teeth of Candiacervus ex gr. C. ropalophorus from Bate Cave mainly show well-defined and high cusps, sometimes also perceptible in teeth in an advanced wear stage. Therefore, it seems rational to suppose that deer had an eating behaviour approaching browsers. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, it was applied the mesowear method proposed by Fortelius & Solounias (2000) to infer the dietary behaviour of herbivores. The method was originally based on facet development on the occlusal surface of the second upper molar tooth, then extended to other molars, although results obtained show some inconsistencies. The number of M specimens of Candiacervus ex gr. C. ropalophorus from Bate Cave is too low to be statistically valid. Therefore, the analysis was extended to the last two lower and upper molars, divided in group according to their wear stage, with the double aim to check the consistence of results obtained by analysing upper and lower molars and verify to which extent wear may influence the cusp shape. The results obtained by extension of the method are encouraging, in fact all the teeth reveal the same trend suggesting a prevalent mixed-feeder habit for Candiacervus ex gr. C. ropalophorus from Bate Cave although in some individuals a more marked browsing attitude is observed. A possible diet included leaves, shrubs and other tender and nutritious vegetation.
Avaliação econômica da terminação em confinamento de novilhos jovens e superjovens de diferentes grupos genéticos

The objective of this study was to economically evaluate feedlot finished steers and young steers from two genetic groups: 5/8Charolais (CH) 3/8Nellore (NE) and 5/8NE 3/8CH. The average age of animals at the end of the experimental period was 22.8 and 15.2 months for steers and young steers, respectively. Animals were maintained in the feedlot until reach the previously established slaughter weight of 430 kg. Animals were fed a diet containing a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 with the following chemical composition: 10.25% crude protein and 3.18 Mcal of digestible energy/kg of dry matter. Economical evaluation was performed as follows: FW - period spent for young steers to reach final body weight similar to steers and FBCS - period spent for young steers to reach final body condition score (FBCS) similar to steers. Variables responsible for most of the total production cost of one hectare of corn silage were: crop fertilizer (23.27%), nitrogen fertilizer (16.05%), seeds (11.56%), insecticide (9.97%), post-emergent herbicide (9.40%), and canvas (6.85%). Of the total estimated cost of the diet, forage represented 23.75% and concentrate 76.25%. The cost per kg of weight gain was similar between steers and young steers FW (R$ 1.29/kg) and greater than young steers FBCS (R$ 1.18/kg). Total and monthly profitabilities were, respectively, 25.79 and 4.19% for steers and 26.19 and 2.68% for young steers (FW) and 28.11 and 3.60% for young steers (FBCS) showing that reduction of the feeding period of feedlot beef steers increases profitability. Among genetic groups, 5/8CH 3/8NE animals showed higher total net income as well as total and monthly profitabilities compared to 5/8NE 3/8CH.
Pygmy chimpanzee social organization: Variation with party size and between study sites

Descriptions of social organization based on interactions are difficult for fission‐fusion primates, such as pygmy chimpanzees, as interactions may depend on association in parties. Frequencies of male‐male and male‐female affiliative and female‐male and female‐female aggressive interactions among Lomako pygmy chimpanzees occurred in proportion to the presence of each sex in parties. Male‐male aggression and female‐male affiliation, however, were more frequent than expected on the basis of party membership. Females with small swellings received more grooming and less mating than expected. Patterns of interactions at Lomako also varied with party size. Female‐female affiliation predominated in small parties, while male‐female affiliation predominated in larger parties. This trend parallels observed differences between the Lomako and Wamba study sites. Male‐female affiliation is more frequent at Wamba where party sizes are larger. Differences between study sites may also reflect provisioning, habituation, predator threat, and habitat. Provisioning at Wamba may result in higher frequencies of aggression among males and lower levels of aggression among females. Comparison between earlier and later Lomako studies suggests that increased habituation is associated with greater differences from, rather than more similarity to, results from Wamba. Differences between Lomako and Wamba in habitat, provisioning, and human (but not non‐human) predation, by affecting party size and composition, most likely account for the observed differences in social organization between the two sites.
Continuance Intention in Mobile Commerce Usage Activities Among Young Malaysian Consumers

Recent statistics revealed that mobile commerce usage activities were dominated by young consumers from the age group of 20 to 24 years old. Therefore, in the interest of long-term growth and profitability, mobile commerce application developers and service providers heavily compete with each other to ascertain the continued usage among the target users. However, unlike initial acceptance decision, the research in the context of continuance intention is still in its early stage. Continuance intention is equally important and depends on various factors that affect the individuals’ decision to continue using a particular technology. Hence, grounded by the Expectation-Confirmation Model, this study aims to examine the continuance intention of mobile commerce usage activities among young Malaysian consumers. Data were collected from 632 full-time university students and analysed using Partial Least Squares structural equation modelling technique. The result shows a significant relationship between the entire variable in the study. Perceived usefulness and satisfaction were found to be significantly related to continuance intention, explaining 29.6% of the variance. In detail, satisfaction was found to be the strongest predictor of continuance intention. Thus, to facilitate continuance intention among young consumers, it is suggested that mobile commerce application developers and service providers need to focus on building and providing mobile applications that would satisfy the consumers' expectations to bring out the positive experiences among the consumers when engaging in mobile commerce usage activities.
Effect of prey density on behaviour and development of the predatory mosquito, Toxorhynchites towadensis

The effect of prey density on feeding behaviour, killing behaviour, and development of the predatory mosquito, Toxorhynchites towadensis, was investigated in the laboratory. The number of prey consumed per larva increased toward an upper asymptote as prey density increased. Prey consumption curves during fourth instar were concave at low prey densities but convex at high prey densities. This phenomenon was not observed during other instars. Killing without consuming any part of prey occurred at prey densities of 20 per container and over. The number of prey killed but not consumed increased linearly with the number of unconsumed prey in the container. Prey acquisition behaviour was not affected by prey densities during the prepupal period. Developmental time from first instar to adult emergence decreased with increasing prey densities, but remained constant at densities of 10 per container and over. Adult size increased with increasing prey densities but there was no effect at prey densities of 20 and over.