Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of a low‐fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia

Abstract Background Hypertriglyceridemia is common in Miniature Schnauzer (MS). Dietary management of hypertriglyceridemia is important, but no studies are available. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the effect of a commercially available low‐fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in MS with hypertriglyceridemia. Animals Sixteen MS with hypertriglyceridemia and 28 MS without hypertriglyceridemia. Methods Prospective clinical trial. Four blood samples (1‐2 months before and 1 day before diet change and 2 and 3 months after the dogs were fed the low‐fat diet) were collected from the MS with hypertriglyceridemia. Results Serum triglyceride concentrations for the 2 samples after the diet change (median of sample 3 = 177 mg/dL; range, 48‐498; median of sample 4 = 168 mg/dL; range, 77‐745) were significantly lower than the 2 samples before the diet change (median of sample 1 = 480 mg/dL; range, 181‐1320; median of sample 2 = 493 mg/dL; range, 114‐1395; P < .001). Serum cholesterol concentrations for the 2 samples after the diet change (mean for sample 3 = 257 mg/dL, SD = 82.2; mean for sample 4 = 178 mg/dL, SD = 87.4) were also significantly lower than the 2 samples before the diet change (mean for sample 1 = 381 mg/dL, SD = 146.1; mean for sample 2 = 380 mg/dL, SD = 134.7; P < .001). Before the diet change, 15/16 (94%) of hyperlipidemic MS were classified as hyperlipidemic based on their lipoprotein profiles alone. After the diet change, significantly fewer MS (7/16; 44%; odds ratio = 19.3; 95% CI = 2.0‐184.0; P = .006) were classified as hyperlipidemic based on lipoprotein profile analysis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The study diet was effective in reducing serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and correcting lipoprotein profiles in MS with hypertriglyceridemia.
Cannabidiol and Abnormal Liver Chemistries in Healthy Adults: Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial

Liver safety concerns were raised in randomized controlled trials of cannabidiol (CBD) in patients with Lennox‐Gastaut and Dravet syndromes, but the relevance of these concerns to healthy adults consuming CBD is unclear. The objective of this manuscript is to report on liver safety findings from healthy adults who received therapeutic daily doses of CBD for ~ 3.5 weeks and to investigate any correlation between transaminase elevations and baseline characteristics, pharmacogenetic, and pharmacokinetic data. Sixteen healthy adults were enrolled in a phase I, open‐label, fixed single‐sequence drug–drug interaction trial to investigate the effect of repeated dose administration of CBD (1,500 mg/day) on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 activity. Seven (44%) participants experienced peak serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values greater than the upper limit of normal (ULN). For five (31%) participants, the value exceeded 5 × ULN, therefore meeting the international consensus criteria for drug‐induced liver injury. There was no correlation between transaminase elevations and baseline characteristics, CYP2C19 genotype, or CBD plasma concentrations. All ALT elevations above the ULN began within 2–4 weeks of initial exposure to CBD. Among the six participants with ALT elevations who were discontinued from the protocol, some had symptoms consistent with hepatitis or hypersensitivity. We conclude that healthy adults consuming CBD may experience elevations in serum ALT consistent with drug‐induced liver injury. Given the demonstrated interindividual variation in susceptibility, clinicians should be alert to this potential effect from CBD, which is increasingly available in various nonprescription forms and doses to consumers.
Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Synergetic Effect of Jasmonate on Abscisic Acid Signaling during Seed Germination in Arabidopsis[OPEN]

JAZ repressors of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway directly regulate abscisic acid (ABA)–responsive transcription factors to integrate JA and ABA signals during germination and post-germinative growth. Abscisic acid (ABA) is known to suppress seed germination and post-germinative growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and jasmonate (JA) enhances ABA function. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the crosstalk between the ABA and JA signaling pathways remains largely elusive. Here, we show that exogenous coronatine, a JA analog structurally similar to the active conjugate jasmonate-isoleucine, significantly enhances the delayed seed germination response to ABA. Disruption of the JA receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 or accumulation of the JA signaling repressor JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) reduced ABA signaling, while jaz mutants enhanced ABA responses. Mechanistic investigations revealed that several JAZ repressors of JA signaling physically interact with ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), a critical transcription factor that positively modulates ABA signaling, and that JAZ proteins repress the transcription of ABI3 and ABI5. Further genetic analyses showed that JA activates ABA signaling and requires functional ABI3 and ABI5. Overexpression of ABI3 and ABI5 simultaneously suppressed the ABA-insensitive phenotypes of the coi1-2 mutant and JAZ-accumulating (JAZ-ΔJas) plants. Together, our results reveal a previously uncharacterized signaling module in which JAZ repressors of the JA pathway regulate the ABA-responsive ABI3 and ABI5 transcription factors to integrate JA and ABA signals during seed germination and post-germinative growth.
Considering real-world sightline obstructions in crash and injury prevention estimates for left turn across path/opposite direction intersection active safety systems

Abstract Objective Previous analyses of active safety systems in left turn across path/opposite direction (LTAP/OD) crashes have shown that sensor sightline obstructions might affect the performance of these systems. National retrospective crash databases provide little information about the proportion of cases which have sightline obstructions. One promising alternative are naturalistic driving studies (NDS). The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of LTAP/OD crashes and near-crashes which have sightline obstructions using a large-scale NDS and update previous estimates of intersection active safety system effectiveness using this information. Methods LTAP/OD crash and near-crash cases were identified from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) dataset. Each case was reviewed for the presence of obstructing vehicles when the left turning vehicle began turning. This study considered 241 crash and near-crash LTAP/OD events selected from SHRP 2. SHRP 2 was an NDS which collected 80 million kilometers of driving from approximately 2,500 participants over a 2.5 year period. The sightline obstruction ratio was defined as the proportion of cases which had sightline obstructions when the turning vehicle began turning. A logistic regression model was used to determine the statistical significance of factors which affected the sightline obstruction ratio, which included event severity, traffic control device, subject vehicle crash configuration, and turning lane presence. LTAP/OD active safety system effectiveness was quantified in a prior study for cases with and without sightline obstructions separately. System effectiveness was re-computed by weighting the results according to the worst-case sightline ratio computed in this study. Results Traffic control device, subject vehicle crash type (turning or traveling through), and turning lane presence were not found to affect sightline obstruction ratio. In crash cases, the sightline obstruction ratio was 40%. In near-crash cases, the sightline obstruction ratio was 18%. Finally, the effectiveness of an intersection active safety system was evaluated using this sightline obstruction ratio. Conclusions This study quantified the sightline obstruction ratio, an important parameter needed to evaluate intersection active safety systems. This study also establishes a baseline for evaluating the presence of sightline obstructions in a future naturalistic driving study when road infrastructure has changed.
Roles of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) and Nucleolar Proteins in the Adaxial–Abaxial Polarity Specification at the Perinucleolar Region in Arabidopsis

Leaves of Arabidopsis develop from a shoot apical meristem grow along three (proximal–distal, adaxial–abaxial, and medial–lateral) axes and form a flat symmetric architecture. ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2), a key regulator for leaf adaxial–abaxial partitioning, encodes a plant-specific nuclear protein and directly represses the abaxial-determining gene ETTIN/AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ETT/ARF3). How AS2 could act as a critical regulator, however, has yet to be demonstrated, although it might play an epigenetic role. Here, we summarize the current understandings of the genetic, molecular, and cellular functions of AS2. A characteristic genetic feature of AS2 is the presence of a number of (about 60) modifier genes, mutations of which enhance the leaf abnormalities of as2. Although genes for proteins that are involved in diverse cellular processes are known as modifiers, it has recently become clear that many modifier proteins, such as NUCLEOLIN1 (NUC1) and RNA HELICASE10 (RH10), are localized in the nucleolus. Some modifiers including ribosomal proteins are also members of the small subunit processome (SSUP). In addition, AS2 forms perinucleolar bodies partially colocalizing with chromocenters that include the condensed inactive 45S ribosomal RNA genes. AS2 participates in maintaining CpG methylation in specific exons of ETT/ARF3. NUC1 and RH10 genes are also involved in maintaining the CpG methylation levels and repressing ETT/ARF3 transcript levels. AS2 and nucleolus-localizing modifiers might cooperatively repress ETT/ARF3 to develop symmetric flat leaves. These results raise the possibility of a nucleolus-related epigenetic repression system operating for developmental genes unique to plants and predict that AS2 could be a molecule with novel functions that cannot be explained by the conventional concept of transcription factors.
Video observations of sensitivity in context: integrating insights from seven cultural communities

ABSTRACT This integrative discussion of the special issue on video observations of sensitive caregiving in different cultural communities provides a reflection on the seven empirical studies that comprise this special issue. The two main aims of this special issue are highlighted in terms of their overall conclusions: (1) video observations can be useful and reliable tools to assess sensitivity in non-Western cultural contexts; (2) caregiver sensitivity can be observed across very different cultural contexts and can be expressed in various culture-specific ways; (3) the Ainsworth sensitivity scale is particularly useful for capturing sensitivity regardless of modality. Further, the limitations of the set of studies as well as opportunities for future research are discussed.
Fun(gi)omics: Advanced and Diverse Technologies to Explore Emerging Fungal Pathogens and Define Mechanisms of Antifungal Resistance

The landscape of infectious fungal agents includes previously unidentified or rare pathogens with the potential to cause unprecedented casualties in biodiversity, food security, and human health. The influences of human activity, including the crisis of climate change, along with globalized transport, are underlying factors shaping fungal adaptation to increased temperature and expanded geographical regions. Furthermore, the emergence of novel antifungal-resistant strains linked to excessive use of antifungals (in the clinic) and fungicides (in the field) offers an additional challenge to protect major crop staples and control dangerous fungal outbreaks. ABSTRACT The landscape of infectious fungal agents includes previously unidentified or rare pathogens with the potential to cause unprecedented casualties in biodiversity, food security, and human health. The influences of human activity, including the crisis of climate change, along with globalized transport, are underlying factors shaping fungal adaptation to increased temperature and expanded geographical regions. Furthermore, the emergence of novel antifungal-resistant strains linked to excessive use of antifungals (in the clinic) and fungicides (in the field) offers an additional challenge to protect major crop staples and control dangerous fungal outbreaks. Hence, the alarming frequency of fungal infections in medical and agricultural settings requires effective research to understand the virulent nature of fungal pathogens and improve the outcome of infection in susceptible hosts. Mycology-driven research has benefited from a contemporary and unified approach of omics technology, deepening the biological, biochemical, and biophysical understanding of these emerging fungal pathogens. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art multi-omics technologies, explore the power of data integration strategies, and highlight discovery-based revelations of globally important and taxonomically diverse fungal pathogens. This information provides new insight for emerging pathogens through an in-depth understanding of well-characterized fungi and provides alternative therapeutic strategies defined through novel findings of virulence, adaptation, and resistance.
Diffusion in social norms change about violence against women: A longitudinal analysis of intervention data from a cluster randomised trial

ABSTRACT This study examines the diffusion effects of a Social and Behaviour Change Communication intervention in Nepal targeting gender equity and violence against women. The Change trial involves weekly radio programming, listening and discussion groups (LDGs), and community engagement. This longitudinal study analyses a repeated cross-sectional two-armed, pair-matched, single blinded cluster trial of a 9-month intervention. We used probability proportionate to size methodology to identify 72 wards in the Terai region, half of which were randomly assigned to the intervention. For the community-based survey, 20 women per ward were chosen using simple random sampling (N = 1440). Ten women from each intervention ward (N = 360) were also selected to participate in radio LDGs. Injunctive norms were measured with the Partner Violence Norms Scale-PVNS. Each one person increase in diffusion was associated with a 0.04 (SE = 0.01, p-value < 0.01) higher endline norms score, adjusting for confounders. There was evidence of effect modification with a significant baseline norm by diffusion interaction term (Estimate = −0.12, p-value = 0.04). Findings demonstrated that diffusion was related to endline norms only in communities with lower baseline levels of gender equitable norms. Study findings support the importance of diffusion as a pathway to intervention scale-up and norms change.
Odor Characterization of White Wines Produced from Indigenous Greek Grape Varieties Using the Frequency of Attribute Citation Method with Trained Assessors

The aim of this study was to investigate the sensory aroma profiles of white wines of the indigenous Greek grape varieties Assyrtiko, Malagousia, Moschofilero, and Roditis. Twenty-three panelists evaluated 17 wines of the aforementioned varieties using the frequency of attribute citation method. Three indices were calculated to assess panel performance in terms of reproducibility. Correspondence analysis and cluster analysis were employed to investigate the sensory space of the wines. Samples of the Roditis variety were characterized mainly by Banana and Vanilla odors; Assyrtiko samples had Earthy, Mushroom, and Nutty odors, as well as Lemon and Honey for some of the samples. Malagousia wines were described as having Lemon, Grapefruit, and Citrus blossom character, and they shared some descriptors with Assyrtiko wines, such as Mushroom and Earthy, and some with Moschofilero samples, i.e., floral and citrus notes. All Moschofilero wines exhibited a floral odor profile: specifically, Rose, Jasmine, or more Citrus blossom-like. Moreover, some Moschofilero samples also revealed a Grapefruit, Lemon, and/or Earthy character, while others expressed Honey notes. In conclusion, despite common characteristics found within varieties, some samples of different varieties exhibited overlapping profiles, and in some cases, samples of the same variety were quite different from each other.
Correlation and path coefficient analysis studies in chrysanthemum

Correlation and path coefficient analysis were carried out among ten genotypes of chrysanthemum for it characters. Number of branches per plant showed positive and significant association with number of flowers per plant at genotypic (0.829) and phenotypic (0.734) level. Number of suckers per plant showed positive and significant correlation with number of flowers at genotypic (0.845) as well as phenotypic (0.778) level. Plant spread showed negative and significant correlation with disc diameter at the genotypic level (-0.648). Stalk length showed positive and significant correlation with traits of individual flower weight, length of ray floret and flower diameter at genotypic and phenotypic levels (0.904,0.798,0.792,0.721 and 0.778,0.682) respectively. Number of flowers per plant showed positive and non-significant association with number of ray florets, while flower weight and length of ray floret recorded negative and nonsignificant association at both levels (-0.493, -0.359 and -0.169 and -0.163). Number of ray florets showed positive and non-significant association with length of ray florets, while flower weight recorded negative and non-significant association at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Length of ray floret showed positive and significant association with flower weight at genotypic and phenotypic levels (0.845 and 0.716) respectively. Among the characters studied flower weight and length of ray florets were found to be directly influencing the stalk length.
G a s directly drives PDZ-RhoGEF signaling to Cdc42

G a proteins promote dynamic adjustments of cell shape directed by actin-cytoskeleton reorganization via their respec-tive RhoGEF effectors. For example, G a 13 binding to the RGS-homology (RH) domains of several RH-RhoGEFs allosterically activates these proteins, causing them to expose their catalytic Dbl-homology (DH)/pleckstrin-homology (PH) regions, which triggers downstream signals. However, whether additional G a proteins might directly regulate the RH-RhoGEFs was not known. To explore this question, we first examined the morphological effects of expressing shortened RH-RhoGEF DH/PH constructs of p115RhoGEF/ARHGEF1, PDZ-RhoGEF (PRG)/ ARHGEF11, and LARG/ARHGEF12. As expected, the three constructs promoted cell contraction and activated RhoA, known to be downstream of G a 13 . Intriguingly, PRG DH/PH also induced filopodia-like cell protrusions and activated Cdc42. This pathway was stimulated by constitutively active G a s (G a s Q227L), which enabled endogenous PRG to gain (46). The cells were serum-starved for 16 h before experiments and all done 48 h after transfec-tion. GST fusion proteins and interactors detected by pulldown (13, cell lysates pulldowns analyzed Western blotting
MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION AND POPULATION OF FRUIT FLY (Bactrocera sp.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) IN CHILI FIELDS, SAVANAJAYA VILLAGE BURU DISTRICT

Morphological identification and population of fruit fly (Bactrocera sp.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in chili fields, SavanajayaVillage Buru District. Fruit fly (Bactrocera sp.) are pests that damage horticultural crops, one of which is chili and has thepotential to reduce the production quality and quantity. The aim of this research was to identify and obtain populationnumbers of fruit fly species in the chili fields in Savanajaya Village, Buru District. This study used diagonal sampling methodwith fruit fly traps placed randomly at each sub location of sampling, traps were modified Steiner ’s Trap type. Each trap wasconsisted of 1.5 mL of methyl eugenol on cotton ball, the treatment was repeated three times. Observations were at 3, 6, 9 and12 days after application (daa). The identification results showed that the fruit flies species that trapped were Bactroceradorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera umbrosus (Fabricius). The highest number of fruit fly was trapped at 6 daa with an averageof 110.67 to 134.03 or 48.51 to 58.73% from total catch, in addition the lowest catch was at 12 daa with an average of 29.67 to64.67 or 12.99 to 28. 34%. The average number of trapped population was 914.62 individuals.
Gait Characteristics In patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis – a Systematic Review (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic rheumatic disease which affects the axial skeleton and sacro-iliac joints. By impacting spinal mobility and physical functions, AS could also potentially impair gait. However, while published data are rather sparse, it appears that discrepancies exist regarding AS consequences on gait characteristics, tasks and analysis techniques used to assess gait ability of patients with AS. OBJECTIVE The review questions are twofold: (1) What are the consequences of AS on gait? and (2) How is gait assessed in patients with AS? METHODS Databases were systematically searched to identify studies satisfying the search criteria, using the synonyms of ankylosing spondylitis and gait. Two reviewers extracted from the articles study characteristics, sample descriptions, methods and main results in relation to gait. RESULTS 168 titles were extracted from databases and 17 studies were included in the review. 13 studies (76%) used clinical gait measurements, and 4 (23%) used laboratory gait measurements. Only 6 involved a healthy control group. Gait pattern of patients with AS was more cautious, associated to a decreased pelvic tilt and lower limbs angles in the sagittal plane. Studies used diverse protocols, instructions and parameters when assessing gait in AS patients. CONCLUSIONS Only few studies have assessed gait characteristics in patients with AS. Published data evidence that no consensus exists regarding gait analysis methods for patients with AS. However, published studies are encouraging as they provide us the opportunity to propose guidelines to improve the design and methodology for future studies on gait and AS. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO: CRD42018102540 and JMIR Res Protoc doi:10.2196/12470