Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential of Trichoderma spp. and Pinus sylvestris Bark Extracts as Biocontrol Agents against Fungal Pathogens Residing in the Botryosphaeriales

Botryosphaeriales represent a diverse order of fungal pathogens of various woody plant species. In Serbia, these fungi are important pathogens of forest, ornamental, and fruit trees causing die-back, cankers, leaf blights, fruit, and root rot. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Pinus sylvestris bark extracts and Trichoderma spp. against Botryosphaeria dothidea, Dothiorella sarmentorum, and Neofusicoccum parvum (Ascomycota, Botryosphaeriales) isolated from Picea abies, Thuja occidentalis, and Prunus laurocerasus trees planted in urban areas in Serbia. Bark extracts were prepared in water solution at two temperatures (80 and 120 °C). The extracts were tested using two concentrations (20% and 30%). Moreover, two Trichoderma isolates obtained from P. sylvestris bark were tested against Botryosphaeriales and their antagonistic potential was estimated in vitro using a confrontation test. Mycelial growth of B. dothidea and D. sarmentorum was significantly inhibited in the presence of bark extracts, while N. parvum showed no growth inhibition. Botryosphaeria dothidea growth was inhibited by 35 to 39% in the case of 20% extracts and by 39 to 44% in the case of 30% extracts. The growth inhibition of D. sarmentorum was between 48% and 56% in the case of 20% extracts and between 53% and 60% in the case of 30% extracts. The two Trichoderma isolates showed antifungal activity against the selected pathogens. An isolate BKG 4 showed the highest inhibition level, and it inhibited the growth of B. dothidea, D. sarmentorum, and N. parvum by 85%, 75%, and 62%, respectively. Preliminary results suggest that both P. sylvestris bark extracts and Trichoderma spp. could be used as biocontrol agents against B. dothidea, D. sarmentorum, and N. parvum, and this should be a further studied.
Government Ownership and Venture Capital in China

China’s Venture Capital (VC) market features significant government ownership of VCs. We examine the impact of government owned VCs on the exit success of entrepreneurial firms. We distinguish between types of government VC according to the degree of government ownership (wholly versus partially owned) and the level of government (central versus provincial government). We find that partially government owned VCs (though not wholly government owned VCs) increase the likelihood of a successful exit. Partially government owned VCs especially increase the likelihood of an IPO in mainland China, where the IPO process is discretionary and heavily government regulated. Entrepreneurial firms backed by partially government owned VCs are also more able to be exited at times of policy uncertainty and the timing of exit is less sensitive to market conditions. Investment from a provincial government owned VC increases exit likelihood. However, this advantage decreases as the number of provincial government owned VCs invested in the firm increases. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurial firms may benefit through political connections from government VC investment, but that complete government control of a VC can lead to inefficiencies.
Reverse-faulting regime of stress implied from middle Miocene basaltic intrusions around the Cape Muroto, Southwest Japan

Previous research has shown that stress conditions in the SW Japan arc changed from extension to compression during the middle Miocene. However, the compressional stress regime has not been clearly determined. To reconstruct the middle Miocene stress regime in the region, we analyzed basaltic intrusions in steeply northwest dipping units of the Shimanto accretionary complex around Cape Muroto. Analysis of orientation data for coherent units applying the Bingham distribution method and tilt correction indicates a com-pressive paleostress regime with a vertical σσ 3 axis, which is support-ed by orientation data collected from mélange units. This paleostress regime is consistent with buoyant subduction predicted from late Cenozoic plate reconstructions of SW Japan.
Effect of different variants of non-invasive ventilation on the course and outcomes in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by SARS-nCoV-2 ( COVID-19)

Hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) or acute respiratory distress syndrome is the most common and severe complication in patients with COVID-19, requiring oxygen and ventilation support. Non-invasive ventilation methods (NIV) allow to maintain adequate oxygenation in patients with HRF, but it remains unclear which NIV regimen is more effective for reducing the need for invasive ventilation and improving outcomes. The aim. To compare the effect of different non-invasive lung ventilation strategies, namely CPAP+PSV and CPAP without PSV on the results of intensive care of patients with HRF caused by SARS-nCoV-2 (COVID-19). Materials and methods. A prospective single-center study of 59 patients with severe SARS-nCoV-2 (COVID-19) with HRF was performed. Depending on the type of NIV, patients were divided into two groups: in patients of group 1 (n=46) respiratory support was performed in CPAP mode without PSV, in patients of group 2 (n=13) - CPAP+PSV. All patients underwent clinical blood tests, biochemical studies aimed at assessing the severity of COVID-19, visualization of lung tissue (chest radiography, ultrasound to determine the profile of B and C), monitoring of gas exchange, echocardiography to assess the state of central hemodynamics. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the program “Statistica 10”. Estimated mean values, standard deviation. The relative risk (RR) of adverse events was assessed. Results. The use of CPAP without PSV improves the results of intensive care of patients with severe coronavirus disease with the development of HRF. Conclusions. CPAP NIV is a promising method of respiratory support in patients with moderate to severe ARDS caused by SARS-nCoV-2 virus (COVID-19), which needs further study
Supercritical fluid extraction - new progressive method in brewing analytics. Part II. - The options of utilizing supercritical fluid extraction to analyze sensory active substances in beer.

Superkritickou fluidni extrakci (SFE) kapalných vzorků lze považovat, i přes urcite dilci problemy, za novou perspektivni metodu, ktera by mohla, po jejim dalsim zdokonaleni, najit uplatněni v oblasti stopove analýzy piva. V clanku jsou prezentovany prvni výsledky dosažene při extrakci senzoricky aktivnich latek (alkoholů, mastných kyselin a jejich esterů) z piva. Jedna se o setrnou a ekologickou metodu, nezatěžujici zkoumanou matrici a pracujici s omezeným množstvim organických rozpoustědel, což plně odpovida modernim trendům analyticke chemie a požadavkům na ochranu životniho prostředi.
Gas-saturated pool boiling heat transfer from smooth and micro-porous surfaces in FC-72

The effects of surface treatments and gassy-subcooling on pool boiling heat transfer are quantified by testing both smooth and treated surfaces at gassy-subcooling levels from 0°C to 40°C (1 atm) and 40°C to 85°C (3 atm). Incipient and nucleate boiling wall superheats decrease over this range of gassy-subcooling. At gassy-subcooling levels greater than 20°C, the boiling curves for the smooth surface indicate two distinct regions governed by different heat transfer mechanisms, one in which the boiling process is influenced by the presence of dissolved gas, the other by boiling of the pure liquid. The critical heat flux (CHF) for each surface continually increases with increased levels of gassy-subcooling and the CHF sensitivity to gassy-subcooling is higher for the treated surface. The CHF increase due to combined surface treatment and gassy-subcooling (85°C) is ∼400 percent (78 W/cm 2 ).
I’m in a Hurry, I Don’t Want to Know! Strategic Ignorance Under Time Pressure

Information avoidance is common when privately beneficial choices have uncertain and potentially adverse effects on others. A dominant theory holds that such "strategic ignorance" allows decision makers to circumvent inner moral conflict while acting self-servingly. In extension of this theory, we hypothesize that time pressure elevates the prevalence of strategic ignorance. We conduct a laboratory experiment with resolvable payoff uncertainty to test this hypothesis. We find that time pressure indeed significantly increases the incidence of information avoidance. As a result, self-serving choices are more common than in a baseline without time pressure. We empirically explore several potential interpretations of this main finding. First, in a control condition, in which payoffs are fully transparent, time pressure has no direct effect on self-serving behavior. This speaks against a general tendency to act more self-servingly or fairly under time pressure. Second, a follow-up study shows that information avoidance under time pressure is attributable to conflict avoidance, rather than providing decision makers with a convenient excuse for not becoming informed. We discuss these observations in the context of a recent body of literature on the cognitive underpinnings of prosocial behavior and argue that they have significant implications for information-based approaches to public policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Water table level management as an irrigation strategy for cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton)1

Abstract: Cranberry production is a water intensive practice that requires irrigation during summer months to achieve maximum yields. Previous studies have found that root zone tension maintained between -4 and -7.5 kPa allows for maximum yields without over irrigating. The present study looks at the effects of managing a water table to supplement overhead sprinkler irrigation with upward flow. Two drainage systems, controlled and free, were implemented in a cranberry bed constructed of fine sand. The controlled drainage system used existing drain tiles and a sump to maintain an artificial water table, while the free drainage system had no manipulation of the water table. Daily upward flow and water table level were measured in four locations, across the length of the bed, for each drainage system. Comparing upward flow with evapotranspiration (ET) rates, approximately 30% of maximum daily ET can be met by holding a water table between 500 and 600 mm. Numerical simulations indicate that water tables shallower than 500 mm allow for nearly full supply of ET, but at root zone soil water tensions too wet for the best productivity. Field results and model simulations indicate that water table management can be a useful tool in cranberry irrigation.
Two-dimensional concentration distribution of reactive oxygen species transported through a tissue phantom by atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet irradiation

The two-dimensional concentration distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) transported through an agarose-film tissue phantom by atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet irradiation is visualized using a KI-starch gel reagent. Oxygen addition to helium enhances ROS transportation through the film. A radial ROS distribution pattern at the plasma-irradiated film surface changes into a doughnut-shaped pattern after passing through the film. The ROS transportation speed is 0.14–0.2 mm/min. We suggest that there are two types of ROS transportation pathways in the plasma-irradiated film: linear and circular. The majority of ROSs are transported through the circular pathway. ROS concentration distributions changed markedly with irradiation distance. Diffusive ROS transportation due to a concentration gradient is negligible in plasma-irradiated films.
Pengaruh Financial Distress Dan Leverage Terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi Pada Perusahaan Retail Di Indonesia

The financial statement is a description of a company’s performance. Management is given the flexibility in choosing accouting methods that will be used one by applying the accounting conservatism. The problem examined is the effect of financial distress and leverage on accounting conservatism. The data source used is secondary data contained in the Indonesia Stock Exchange, which is a retail trade sub sector company registered for four consecutive years in the period 2015 to 2018. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling, namely the sample selection technique uses criteria. Samples taken 57 data from 2015 to 2018 with annual data from financial distress, leverage and accounting conservatism owned by each company. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and classical assumption test consisting of normality test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test and multicollinearity test. The analytical method for testing the hypothesis is multiple linear regression analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) 25 software. From the result of the analysis note that financial distress has a significant negative effect on accounting conservatism, leverage has a significance negative effect on accounting conservatism, and simultaneous influence between financial distress and leverage on accounting conservatism. Keywords: accounting conservatism; financial distress; leverage
Improving Science Learning Activities and Outcomes by Using Problem Based Learning Model at Elementary School

Science learning requires direct experience in order to develop the ability to explore and understand the natural surroundings scientifically. So far in elementary school at Bukittinggi, the process of learning science only memorizes facts, principles or theories. In science learning, students are not involved in finding or applying their own ideas and they do not instill the values contained in the learning. The science learning process in classroom is not yet fully in accordance with the demands of the curriculum. The teacher provides more material in the textbook without relating it to students' daily problems that are in accordance with the material, thus causing less interesting in learning. The teacher also has not actively involved all students in learning and emphasizes learning only on students who are smarter. The purpose of this study was to increase the activity and learning outcomes of science learning by using a problem-based learning model in SDN 11 Aur Kuning Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. This classroom action research was conducted in 2 cycles with the research subjects of grade IV students with totalling 25 people. The research data were collected through observation and tests. The effectiveness of actions in each cycle from the results of observations and tests is described and then reflected to take corrective action in the next cycle. In science learning, students' learning activities were observed, namely: visual activities, oral activities, writing activities, motoric activities and emotional activities. The research findings show that the problem-based learning model can increase student activity and learning outcomes.
In vitro bioaccessibility of citrus pomace compounds possessing health promoting properties with potential to reduce the risk of diabetes

Citrus (mandarin and orange) pomace is an agro-food industrial waste rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber with great potential as a functional ingredient. In this work, the chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of health-promoting compounds present in raw citrus pomaces (Clemenule and Ortanique mandarins and Navel and Valencia oranges) were studied. In addition, the by-products were employed as food ingredients in cookies and the effect of the food matrix on the bioaccessibility of their bioactive compounds was evaluated. Nobiletin, hesperidin/neohesperidin, tangeretin, heptamethoxyflavone, tetramethylscutellarein, and naringin/narirutin were detected in the citrus samples by UHPLC-MS. Citrus pomaces were in vitro digested mimicking the human oral gastrointestinal conditions and the bioactivity of the digests (antioxidant, carbohydrases modulation, and anti-inflammatory effects) was assessed. The bioaccessibility of the antioxidants in the by-products was confirmed by Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) (6.6–11.0 mg GAE/g digest), ABTS (65.5–97.1 µmol TE/g digest), ORAC-FL assays (135.5–214.8 µmol TE/g digest), and inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation induced by treatment with tert-butyl hydroperoxide 1 mM in intestinal IEC-6 (19–45%) and CCD-18Co (28–45%) cells pretreated with the digests at concentrations ranging between 5 and 25 µg/mL. Inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase (IC50 3.97–11.42 mg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 58.04–105.68 mg/mL) also remained bioaccessible after in vitro digestion of citrus pomaces. In addition, the bioaccessible compounds in orange pomace samples significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages. The digests of orange pomace cookies with the nutrition claims “no-added sugars” and “source of fiber” presented antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties, and good sensory quality (6.9–6.7 on a scale of 1 to 9). The results obtained support the feasibility of unfractionated orange pomace as a functional ingredient for reducing the risk of diabetes. The health-promoting benefits observed in the present research might be, at least partially, associated with flavonoids.
Attention Spillover in Asset Pricing

Exploiting a screen display feature whereby the order of stock display is determined by the stock's listing code, we lever a novel identification strategy and study how the interaction between overconfidence and limited attention affect asset pricing. We find that stocks displayed next to those with higher returns in the past two weeks are associated with higher returns in the future week, which are reverted in the long run. This is consistent with our conjectures that investors tend to trade more after positive investment experience and are more likely to pay attention to neighboring stocks, both confirmed using trading data.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
A validated UPLC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method for nuts and cereals: results of the official control in Cyprus within the EU requirements

ABSTRACT The validation of a rapid, reliable and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisins, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, in nuts and cereals is reported. This method is based on a single extraction step using an acetonitrile/water mixture followed by the analysis of the diluted crude extract using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The method performance characteristics were determined after spiking blank samples. The mean recoveries in spiked nuts ranged from 74.4% to 131.7%, while in cereals ranged from 52.8% to 113.9%. Limits of detection and quantification for nuts and cereals ranged 0.08–30.0 and 0.25–99.0 μg/kg, respectively. Validated method was used for monitoring mycotoxins in 120 samples. A total of 97 samples (81%) were contaminated with at least one of these mycotoxins, but only the 3% of the samples exceeded the maximum levels of the EU legislation.
Personal Norms — and Not Only Social Norms — Shape Economic Behavior

While social norms have received great attention within economics, little is known about the role of personal norms. We propose a simple utility framework — which assumes that people care about monetary payoff, social norms and personal norms — and design a novel two-part experiment to investigate the predictive value of personal norms across four economic games. We show that personal norms — together with social norms and monetary payoff — are highly predictive of individuals’ behavior. Moreover, they are: i) inherently distinct from social norms across a series of economic contexts, ii) robust to an exogenous increase in social image concerns, which increases the predictive value of social norms but does not weaken that of personal norms, and iii) complementary to social norms in predicting behavior, as a model with both personal and social norms outperforms a model with only one of the two norms. Taken together, our results support personal norms as a key driver of economic behavior, relevant in a wide array of economic settings.
Abusive Supervision in Agencies: The Role of Gender in Reporting and Complaint Success

ABSTRACT Even though studies often examine supervisory acts of non-physical aggression (i.e., abusive supervision) towards subordinates, most examine either the antecedents or the adverse outcomes of abusive supervision. Similar to physical and sexual abuse, many organizations, especially in the public sector, have a process in place to handle abusive supervision. Yet research has largely ignored what happens during this process. More specifically, no studies were found to examine subordinate reporting of abusive supervision (i.e., non-violent behaviors that are non-sexual) and whether complainants were effective. Furthermore, scholars recently called for aggression research to examine the role gender plays in this process. The present study seeks to fill this lacuna in the literature, by investigating the impact of gender in reporting abusive supervision and complaint success. After examining Merit Principles Survey Path 1, several interesting findings emerged. First, the gender of the subordinate and the hierarchical aggressor were found to impact reporting decisions. Gender dissimilarity (i.e., the gender mismatch between the subordinate and the manager) did not seem to affect reporting decisions. Next, the gender of the subordinate was found to affect complaint success, while the gender of the hierarchical aggressor did not. Nevertheless, gender dissimilarity did affect complaint success. The implications of the findings are thoroughly discussed in the article.
A faunistic survey of house dust mites of Kolkata , West Bengal, India

House dust mites play an important role in causing various allergic disorders. Many factors like temperature, humidity as well as different microclimatic conditions may influence mite growth. The aim of this study was to analyse the mite fauna of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. House dust was collected from 20 selected houses located in and around Kolkata from January 2017 to December 2017. House dust samples were processed following the flotation technique and house dust mites were isolated from all the samples surveyed. A total of 51 species belonging to 34 genera and 17 families were isolated from positive samples. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis and Cheyletus malaccensis were present in all positive samples. Most abundant mite in house dust was Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, constitute 47% of the mites collected from dust samples. Amblyseius longispinosus was first time reported from Indian house dust.
Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Strains Circulating in Malaysia During First Wave and Early Second Wave of Infections.

Background: Since December 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 has raised a great public health concern globally. Here, we report the whole genome sequencing analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains in Malaysia isolated from six patients diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods: The SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA extracted from clinical specimens and isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing using NextSeq 500 platform. The sequencing data were assembled to full genome sequences using Megahit and phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega X software.Results: Six full genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 comprising of strains from 1st wave (25th January 2020) and 2nd wave (27th February 2020) infection were obtained. Downstream analysis demonstrated diversity among the Malaysian strains with several synonymous and non-synonymous mutations in four of the six cases, affecting the genes M, orf1ab, and S of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The phylogenetic analysis revealed viral genome sequences of Malaysian SARS-CoV-2 strains clustered under the ancestral Type B.Conclusion: This study comprehended the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolution during its circulation in Malaysia. Continuous monitoring and analysis of the whole genome sequences of confirmed cases would be crucial to further understand the genetic evolution of the virus.