Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VIDHOP, viral host prediction with Deep Learning

Motivation Zoonosis, the natural transmission of infections from animals to humans, is a far-reaching global problem. The recent outbreaks of Zika virus, Ebola virus and Corona virus are examples of viral zoonosis, which occur more frequently due to globalization. In the case of a virus outbreak, it is helpful to know which host organism was the original carrier of the virus. Once the reservoir or intermediate host is known, it can be isolated to prevent further spreading of the viral infection. Recent approaches aim to predict a viral host based on the viral genome, often in combination with the potential host genome and arbitrarily selected features. These methods have a clear limitation in either the number of different hosts they can predict or the accuracy of their prediction. Results Here, we present a fast and accurate deep learning approach for viral host prediction, which is based on the viral genome sequence only. To ensure a high prediction accuracy, we developed an effective selection approach for the training data to avoid biases due to a highly unbalanced number of known sequences per virus-host combinations. We tested our deep neural network on three different virus species (influenza A, rabies lyssavirus, rotavirus A). We reached for each virus species an AUG between 0.93 and 0.98, outperforming previous approaches and allowing highly accurate predictions while only using fractions (100-400 bp) of the viral genome sequences. We show that deep neural networks are suitable to predict the host of a virus, even with a limited amount of sequences and highly unbalanced available data. The deep neural networks trained for this approach build the core of the virus-host predicting tool VIDHOP (Virus Deep learning HOst Prediction). Availability The trained models for the prediction of the host for the viruses influenza A, rabies lyssavirus, rotavirus A are implemented in the tool VIDHOP. This tool is freely available under https://github.com/flomock/vidhop. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/UXT7N
Conservation farming in rain-fed agriculture: can biogeotextile, cover crop residues, and soil tillage application improve the growth and the yield of maize (Zea mays L.)?

Market demand for maize ( Zea mays L.) in Indonesia is increasing from time to time along with the increasing demand for food and livestock for fodder. However, current farming practices in the upland area where maize usually cultivated, threaten the sustainability of maize production. Conservation farming could be an alternative to reduce land and soil degradation caused by current farming practices. A factorial randomized block designed field experiment was conducted to determine the combined effect of biogeotextile with cover crop residues and soil tillage on growth and yield of maize. The treatments included utilization of Mendong plant’s mat ( Fimbrystilis globulosa ) as biogeotextile material and four cover crop species: Sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea ), Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ), Pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan ), and Mucuna (M ucuna spp ). The results showed that the biogeotextile mat and cover crop residues, but not soil tillage, increased maize height and the number of leaves, and yield of maize. Biogeotextile mulch increased maize yield up to 43% compared to control. The highest yield (8.0 t/ha) was shown by the combination of biogeotextile application with cowpea residues. Conservation farming is prospective for improving plant production and protecting land from degradation.
Direct impact of cognitive control on sentence processing and comprehension

ABSTRACT Incremental language processing means that listeners confront temporary ambiguity about how to structure the input, which can generate misinterpretations. In four “visual-world” experiments, we tested whether engaging cognitive control – which detects and resolves conflict – assists revision during comprehension. We recorded listeners’ eye-movements and actions while following instructions that were ripe for misanalysis. In Experiments 1 and 3, sentences followed trials from a nonverbal conflict task that manipulated cognitive-control engagement, to test its impact on the ability to revise. To isolate conflict-driven effects of cognitive-control on comprehension, we manipulated attention in a non-conflict task in Experiments 2 and 4. We observed fewer comprehension errors, and earlier revision, when cognitive control (more than attention) was elicited on an immediately preceding trial. These results extend previous correlations between cognitive control and language processing by revealing the influence of domain-general cognitive-control engagement on the temporal unfolding of error-revision processes during language comprehension.
Legacy effects of long-term CO2 enrichment on plant biomass recovery from fire seven years after return to ambient CO2 levels1

Abstract. We sought to determine if elevated CO2 resulted in long-lasting changes to plant structure and function, particularly disturbance response patterns. Minimal legacy effects were observed 1 yr after the termination of a previous long-term experiment; however, those observations were based on 1 yr of data and only focused on fine root growth, herbivory, and arthropod diversity. We examined above- and belowground biomass inside the footprints of chambers from a former long-term elevated CO2 experiment in a scrub-oak community 7 yr after CO2 enrichment ceased and 2 yr after fire. Aboveground biomass was 40.6% higher in the previously elevated plots compared with ambient plots, suggesting that there are legacy effects in the form of more rapid aboveground recovery from fire on previously elevated CO2 plots. Belowground biomass exhibited minimal change since the historic CO2 enrichment, suggesting that differences were a result of the original treatment. After disturbance, regrowth occurs via sprouting from large belowground structures; thus changes in aboveground recovery are likely due to changes to belowground biomass caused by altered atmospheric CO2. Elevated CO2 has significantly affected disturbance recovery patterns in this community. These changes have the potential to alter plant carbon allocation patterns in frequently disturbed systems.
New Approach to the Assessment of Insecticide Losses from Paddy Fields Based on Frequent Sampling Post Application

High concentration of insecticides may appear in waters surrounding paddy fields shortly after application. Capturing the dynamic feature of this insecticide pulse may help control insecticide load to receiving waters. Based on continuous monitoring of the drainage process and two monitoring campaigns of three insecticides—chlorpyrifos, abamectin and thiamethoxam—in a paddy, this study examined the pattern of insecticide concentrations at different locations of paddy waters during the period of insecticide application accompanied with pest-control irrigation, and analyzed the factors affecting the environmental behavior of these insecticides. The results showed that the pulse-type drainage exhibited the following features: short duration (normally less than 1 d), large flow rate (as large as 4 L s−1), frequent occurrence (20 times during a 40-d period) and long time interval (as long as 5 d). Concentrations of the insecticides with higher Henry’s constant and vapor pressure peaked quickly (within several hours) post application in the field ditch; more than half of chlorpyrifos and abamectin loads were detected within merely 1 h after application. The high insecticide concentrations in the ditch were partly attributed to the primary and secondary drift. Moreover, a new kinetic model was proposed to describe the behavior of chlorpyrifos at the field edge. It is recommended that controlled drainage be implemented for at least 1 d post application to prevent the loss of insecticides. Findings from this study may provide new insights into insecticide behavior in the paddy environment for preventing adverse environmental impacts.
Theoretical foundations of phenomenography: a critical review

ABSTRACT Phenomenography is an empirical approach to ascertain the qualitatively different ways in which individuals experience and understand aspects of the world around them. Originating in educational research (Marton, F., & Säljö, R. (1976). On qualitative differences in learning. 1- outcome and process. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 46(1), 4–11), phenomenography has since been deployed in a range of disciplines, including marketing, nursing and physics. This paper traces the development of traditional phenomenography, together with its ontological and epistemological underpinnings. It also addresses some questions related to the methodological assumptions of phenomenographic research – the most common research methods, characteristics of the sample and the relationship between a phenomenographer and their participants. The fundamental strengths and weaknesses of phenomenography and some issues regarding the validity and reliability of phenomenographic studies are also discussed. By doing this, the paper aims to encourage scholars to consider the possibilities and opportunities offered by taking a phenomenographic approach in their future research.
The applications of Industry 4.0 technologies in manufacturing context: a systematic literature review

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) encompasses a plethora of digital technologies effecting on manufacturing enterprises. Most research on this topic examines the effects in the smart factory domain, focusing on production scheduling. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the applications of I4.0 enabling technologies in manufacturing life-cycle processes. This paper is thus intended to provide a systematic literature review answering the following research question: What are the applications of I4.0 enabling technologies in the business processes of manufacturing companies? The study analyses 186 articles and the results show that production scheduling and control is the process most often investigated, while there is also an increasing trend in servitization and circular supply chain management. Moreover, there is extensive combined use of IoT, Big Data Analytics and Cloud, whose applications cover a wide range of processes. On the contrary, other technology like Blockchain is not as widely discussed in the domain of I4.0. This picture calls for a future research agenda extending the scope of investigation into I4.0 in manufacturing. Furthermore, the results of this research can prove extremely useful for practitioners who wish to implement one or more technologies, providing them with solutions for applications in manufacturing.
Social identity positively impacts sustainable behaviors of backpackers

Abstract While backpacker social identity remains an important theme among tourism researchers, its influence on sustainable behaviors has received limited attention. We examine the impact of backpacker social identity on sustainable behavior based on both a structural modeling approach and regression analysis. A survey of 400 backpackers is conducted within Cape Coast, a major tourism hub in Ghana, West Africa. Supporting seven out of eight hypotheses based on PLS-SEM, social identity has a positive effect on sustainable behavior, which in turn positively affects satisfaction suggesting that the more backpackers identify themselves with this group the more sustainably they behave. Additionally, social identity has a negative impact on unsustainable behavior which negatively impacts behavioral intentions. These findings suggest that individuals who identify themselves as backpackers are less likely to engage in unsustainable behavior. Findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the nexus between backpacker social identity and sustainable behavior.
A review of Sensors, Sensor-Platforms and Methods Used in 3D Modelling of Soil Displacement after Timber Harvesting

Proximal sensing technologies are becoming widely used across a range of applications in environmental sciences. One of these applications is in the measurement of the ground surface in describing soil displacement impacts from wheeled and tracked machinery in the forest. Within a period of 2–3 years, the use photogrammetry, LiDAR, ultrasound and time-of-flight imaging based methods have been demonstrated in both experimental and operational settings. This review provides insight into the aims, sampling design, data capture and processing, and outcomes of papers dealing specifically with proximal sensing of soil displacement resulting from timber harvesting. The work reviewed includes examples of sensors mounted on tripods and rigs, on personal platforms including handheld and backpack mounted, on mobile platforms constituted by forwarders and skidders, as well as on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The review further highlights and discusses the benefits, challenges, and some of the shortcomings of the various technologies and their application as interpreted by the authors.The majority of the work reviewed reflects pioneering approaches and innovative applications of the technologies. The studies have been carried out almost simultaneously, building on little or no common experience, and the evolution of standardized methods is not yet fully apparent. Some of the issues that will likely need to be addressed in developing this field are (i) the tendency toward generating apparently excessively high resolution micro-topography models without demonstrating the need for or contribution of such resolutions on accuracy, (ii) the inadequacy of conventional manual measurements in verifying the accuracy of these methods at such high resolutions, and (iii) the lack of a common protocol for planning, carrying out, and reporting this type of study.
ON ELECTRON PLASMA OSCILLATIONS

Inert gases with alternating pressure from 3 x 10/sup -1/ to 5 x 10/sup - 4/ mm were studied by means of a heterogeneous system with a separate decimeter range generator and an intermittent frequency amplifler with the frequency and penetrating band of 30 and 10 MHz. It was found that the upper pressure at which oscillations were not observed differed greatly for different gases. For He the limiting pressure was 2 x 10/sup -1/, for Ar near 10/sup -2/, and for Xe about 6 x 10/sup -3/Moreover, the total effective atomic cross section for interactions with primary electrons for the above gases and pressures, considering the electron beam velocity rate, did not differ more than 25%, Attempts were made to analyze the oscillations along the discharge aws without the influence of a probe. The oscillation intensities and amplification coefficient increase with reduced pressure. Anomalous primary beam scattering was observed in the strong oscillation region. During the scattering before the pinch small separate beams were observed in the primary beam background while the scattering after the pinch showed a uniform beam. ln the first event the beam convergence was curtailed at the scattering point without forming a knot, while inmore » the latter case no tendencies of forming subsequent knots were observed. (R.V.J.)« less
Performance-related properties of low-volume roads when stabilised with a sustainable anionic polyacrylamide: particle and specimen-levels study

This study has been undertaken to investigate the benefit of using a sustainable water-soluble anionic polyacrylamide on different properties of pavement surface materials for low-volume roads. This study is centered on the engineering and physical properties performance at specimen and particle levels of three types of soils ranged from non-cohesive to medium and very cohesive soils. At specimen level, the mechanism of the polymeric additive stabilisation was investigated using the potential improvements of density, compressive strength, toughness and wearing resistance characteristics. However, at particle level, the stabilisation mechanism was inspected using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction tests. The results show that polyacrylamide was the main agent to enhance the physical and engineering properties of the soils tested. On the other hand, the results from the analysis at particle level show that the anionic polyacrylamide mainly interacts with soil particles by means of physical bonding rather than chemical interaction.
Corporate social responsibility disclosure and financial information environment

This study aims to explore whether or not social responsibility disclosure contributes to improve the financial information environment, through examining the impact of quantity and quality of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on the accuracy of analysts' forecasts and audit fees. Content analysis technique has been used to measure quantity and quality of CSR disclosure in annual reports of Saudi registered companies. OLS regression model is used to examine the relationship between the quantity and quality of CSR disclosure in the annual reports and the quality of the analysts' forecasts, and the audit fees. The results indicated that CSR disclosure provides useful information for outsiders, where it is associated with more accurate analysts’ expectations and reduced audit fees. These results suggest that CSR disclosure is associated with high quality financial information environment. This paper provides comprehensive analysis for financial information environment in Saudi companies. The findings of paper provide useful insights concerning the importance of social responsibility disclosure in Saudi business environment.
Cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence and personality types as predictors of job performance: Exploring a model for personnel selection

Orientation: The process of personnel selection is essential for organisations because it ensures that only those candidates who are likely to contribute to the economic value of an organisation are chosen to fill job vacancies. Research purpose: This research sought to explore cognitive intelligence (CI), ability emotional intelligence (ability EI), trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and personality types as predictors of job performance with the view to propose a valid selection model for the Zimbabwean organisational context. Motivation for the study: In the personnel selection context, separate studies investigated the single predictive power of the constructs relevant to the study in different settings and studies. The role of personality types in selection is especially under-researched. Research approach, design and method: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey design. The convenience sample constituted ( N = 299) supervisory and professionally qualified, experienced specialists from various organisations in Zimbabwe. The GAMA, AES, WEIS, MBTI, Form M and JPS were administered. Main findings: Structural equation modelling indicated CI as the best predictor of job performance, followed by ability EI and then by personality types. Trait EI could not account for any variance in job performance. Practical implications/managerial implications: Personnel selection models in the Zimbabwean context could consider including the empirically demonstrated variables in selection practices. Contribution/value-add: The research advanced personnel selection theory by empirically and scientifically identifying the core elements of, and proposing a personnel selection model for use by human resources practitioners and organisations in the African context.
Culture, Leisure Interpretation, and Ideal Affect during Leisure: A Situation Sampling Approach

Abstract Definitions of leisure and emotional experiences during leisure vary across cultures, but have been understudied. To elucidate the relationships between leisure, emotion, and culture, we adopted a cultural psychology method called situation sampling. Using an onsite survey, we collected leisure and non-leisure situations from 126 Euro-Canadian and 149 Mainland Chinese undergraduate students. Employing an online survey, we then asked another 203 Euro-Canadian and 228 Mainland Chinese undergraduate students about their interpretation of, and ideal positive affect within, randomly sampled situations. Although both groups distinguished leisure from non-leisure situations regardless of culture, results of the mixed ANOVA indicated Euro-Canadians interpreted Canadian leisure situations as leisure more highly than Mainland Chinese did. Moreover, Chinese leisure situations were more conducive to positive engaging emotions (e.g., friendly) than Canadian leisure situations, and Chinese participants idealized this kind of affect in leisure situations more than their Euro-Canadian counterparts.
A mathematical model on the effect of growth hormone on glucose homeostasis

International audience Extending an existing model devoted to the interaction between β-Cell Mass, Insulin, Glucose, Receptor Dynamics and Free Fatty Acids in glucose regulatory system simulation, this paper proposes a mathematical model introducing the effect of growth hormone on the glucose homeostasis alongside the other variables. Stability analysis is carried out and pragmatic explanation of the equilibrium points is emphasized. Finally, simulation illustrated how β-Cell Mass, Insulin, Glucose, Receptor Dynamics, Free Fatty Acids and Growth Hormone may vary with different values of some parameters in the model. Prolongeant un précédent model publié dédié à l'interaction entre les cellules beta, l'insuline, le glucose, les recpteurs d'insuline et les acides gras libres, cet article propose un modele mathématique introduisant l'effet de l'hrmone de croissance sur la homéostasie du glucose. L'analyse de stabilité a été suivie d'explication pratique des points d'équilibre. Enfin, la simulation a illustré comment les cellules beta, l'insuline, le glucose, les recpteurs d'insuline, les acides gras libres et l'hormone de croissance peuvent varier en fonction des différentes valeurs de certains paramètres.
Effects and Feasibility of Hyperthermic Baths for Patients with Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Pilot Trial

Background Evaluation of efficacy, safety and feasibility of hyperthermic baths (HTB; head-out-of-water-immersion in 40°C), twice a week, compared to a physical exercise program (PEP; moderate intensity aerobic exercises) in moderate to severe depression. Method Single-site, open-label randomized controlled 8-week parallel-group pilot study at an university outpatient clinic as part of usual depression care. Medically stable outpatients with depressive disorder (ICD-10: F32/F33) as determined by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score ≥18 and a score ≥2 on item 1 (Depressed Mood) were randomly assigned to receive either two sessions of HTB or PEP per week (40-45 min) provided by two trained doctoral students. An independent biometric center used computer-generated tables to allocate treatments. Primary outcome measure was the change in HAM-D total score from baseline (T0) to the 2-week time point (T1). Linear regression analyses, adjusted for baseline values, were performed to estimate intervention effects on an intention-to-treat (ITT) principle. Findings 45 patients (HTB n = 22; PEP n = 23) were randomized and analyzed according to ITT (mean age = 48.4 years, SD = 11.3, mean HAM-D score = 21.7, SD = 3.2). Baseline-adjusted mean difference was 4.3 points in the HAM-D score in favor of HTB (p<0.001). This improvement was achieved after two weeks. Compliance with the intervention and follow-up was far better in the HTB group (2 vs 13 dropouts). There were no treatment-related serious adverse events. Main limitation: the number of dropouts in the PEP group (13 of 23) was far higher than in other trials investigating exercise in depression (18.1 % dropouts). Conclusions HTB seems to be a fast-acting, safe and easy accessible method leading to clinically relevant improvement in depressive disorder after two weeks; it is also suitable for persons who have problems performing exercise training. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) with the registration number DRKS00011013 (registration date 2016-09-19) before onset of the study.