Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Cisplatin Therapy Be Improved? Pathways That Can Be Targeted

Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)) is the oldest known chemotherapeutic agent. Since the identification of its anti-tumour activity, it earned a remarkable place as a treatment of choice for several cancer types. It remains effective against testicular, bladder, lung, head and neck, ovarian, and other cancers. Cisplatin treatment triggers different cellular responses. However, it exerts its cytotoxic effects by generating inter-strand and intra-strand crosslinks in DNA. Tumour cells often develop tolerance mechanisms by effectively repairing cisplatin-induced DNA lesions or tolerate the damage by adopting translesion DNA synthesis. Cisplatin-associated nephrotoxicity is also a huge challenge for effective therapy. Several preclinical and clinical studies attempted to understand the major limitations associated with cisplatin therapy, and so far, there is no definitive solution. As such, a more comprehensive molecular and genetic profiling of patients is needed to identify those individuals that can benefit from platinum therapy. Additionally, the treatment regimen can be improved by combining cisplatin with certain molecular targeted therapies to achieve a balance between tumour toxicity and tolerance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the importance of various biological processes that contribute to the resistance of cisplatin and its derivatives. We aim to highlight the processes that can be modulated to suppress cisplatin resistance and provide an insight into the role of uptake transporters in enhancing drug efficacy.
In vivo effects of Channa striatus on humans and animals: a systematic review

Channa striatus contains biochemical components and albumin, which elicit beneficial effects to the consumers. This review aimed to clarify the effects of Channa striatus consumption on humans and animals in in vivo studies. A systematic search in four electronic databases namely ProQuest, EBSCOhost, PubMed, and SpringerLink was performed to choose the studies on Channa striatus as the interventions, and its effects on animals and humans. The intervention involved: (i) Channa striatus with placebo-controlled, (ii) Channa striatus pre-treated and treated with drugs, (iii) Channa striatus with the combination of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS), and (iv) Channa striatus pre-treated with amino acids and methylene blue. Thirteen animal studies and seven human studies were included in the final analysis. They investigated the effects of Channa striatus on wound healing, anti-depressant-like effects, anti-inflammatory effects, and effects on human diseases. Consumption of Channa striatus supplements was found in seven studies to benefit wound healing processes due to the contents of amino acids and fatty acids found in Channa striatus extract. Two studies were found regarding Channa striatus lipid decreased the corticosterone level and nuclear factor-kappa B, while two studies reported of DHA content in Channa striatus inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators. Channa striatus elicits a positive effect on the wound healing process and enhanced antidepressant-like and anti-inflammatory effects due to its high content of amino acids and fatty acids.
Mapping Human–Animal Interaction Studies: A Bibliometric Analysis

ABSTRACT The presence of nonhuman animals in our shared world affects most areas of human activity, both physically and conceptually. The study of human–animal interactions is thus considered a field of great interest, but also of great complexity. In recent decades, it has become manifest in multiple disciplines through many works, intersectionalities, approaches, and methodologies. Our main aim was to provide a useful reference for researchers and other professionals specialized in human–animal interaction studies (HAIS). For researchers from other areas of knowledge, we also aimed to serve as an approximation to the internal coherence and structure of HAIS, contributing to the incorporation of nonhuman animals into their research and advancing their moral consideration through the concept of agency. This paper presents an updated description of the multidisciplinary field of HAIS through a bibliometric study based on the co-occurrence of author keywords, topics, and trends. In this analysis, we found similarities in 60% of the terms used in human–animal studies (HAS) and critical animal studies (CAS), although numerous different terms also emerged. This degree of term co-occurrence was not found with anthrozoology (AZ), which shared only one line of research, related to companion animals, with HAS and which accounted for 13% of the terms used. It had only one common node with CAS.
A Variational Tate Conjecture in crystalline cohomology

Given a smooth, proper family of varieties in characteristic $p>0$, and a cycle $z$ on a fibre of the family, we formulate a Variational Tate Conjecture characterising, in terms of the crystalline cycle class of $z$, whether $z$ extends cohomologically to the entire family. This is a characteristic $p$ analogue of Grothendieck's Variational Hodge Conjecture. We prove the conjecture for divisors, and an infinitesimal variant of the conjecture for cycles of higher codimension. This can be used to reduce the $\ell$-adic Tate conjecture for divisors over finite fields to the case of surfaces.
A safety profile of aqueous methanol aerial extract of Alysicarpus glumaceus in mice: acute and subacute administration

Alysicarpus glumaceus (Vahl D.C), family-leguminosae is used traditionally for a number of ailments in Nigeria, as well as in other African countries, Asia and middle east. The leaf is taken orally for thrush, sores and asthma. While root decoction is taken for coughs and its combination with leaf sap is taken for diarrhea and as an abortifacient. The aerial parts are used for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders mainly depression and currently been used by drivers in combination with tea to keep alert on long drive in northern Nigeria. The aim of this work was to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) and the effect of aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Alysicarpus glumaceus on the body weight, behavioural changes, heamatological, histopathological parameters and rate of mortality after an acute and sub-acute toxicity study of 28 days using three graded doses (500, 1000 & 1500 mg/kg) in mice via the oral route. From the results obtained LD50 was greater than 5000 mg/kg, it had no significant effect on their body weights as well as on their physical behaviour. Slight lesions were observed in kidney and liver of animals given 1500 mg/kg of AME. There was no statistical difference (p< 0.05) between the control and the treated groups for packed cell volume and platelet count. These findings suggest that the AME of Alysicarpus glumaceus is not likely to produce toxic effects and suggest that the extract is relatively safe in mice.
Prospective teachers’ thinking through realistic mathematics education based emergent modeling in fractions

The unconsciousness of a teacher in obtaining knowledge due to students can be known if the teacher was notified when he was a student. A student has an essential role in learning, and the teacher is responsible for supporting smooth learning. Students' problem-solving processes need to be found because each student's reasoning and ideas in solving problems are different. This study focuses on students' thinking processes using realistic mathematics education based on emergent modeling. In this study, the researcher is the teacher, and the student is the prospective teacher. The prospective teacher involved were students of the Institut Pendidikan Indonesia mathematics study program. Prospective teachers were selected as research subjects for as many as 74 people (11 males and 63 females) consisting of 3 classes. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. As learning activities progress, students get a kind of model that seems as solutions to solving problems given by the teacher. Various kinds of models emerged from various student ideas and ended with a mutually agreed for a model for. Through this study, a teacher can learn about student models in the learning process.
Knowledge and practice of depression management among primary healthcare physicians

Background: Depression is a mood disease that affects the energy, behavior, and mood of individuals. Depression is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease. Primary healthcare physicians play an important role in the diagnosis and management of depression. We aim to determine the knowledge of primary healthcare physicians on depression. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study that was conducted on primary healthcare physicians using a structured validated questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22nd edition. Results: This study included 235 primary healthcare physicians, and the mean ± standard deviation of age was 29 ± 3 years. Males were predominant in the study (62%), and the large majority were residents (94.9%). There were 79.5%, 91.5%, and 27.8% who had good knowledge, a positive attitude, and a good practice, respectively. There was no factor found to affect the knowledge and attitude, whereas only the position of participants was significantly associated with the level of practice (P = 0.027). Conclusion: There were good knowledge and a positive attitude of primary healthcare physicians regarding depression; however, their practice was poor.
Assessment and Determination of Fungal Load and Species Isolated from Cake Samples Sold in Kano, Northern Nigeria

The study was aimed to assess and determine fungal load and species isolated from cake samples sold in Kano, Northern Nigeria. A qualitative test was performed to ascertain the types of fungi that were present in the cake samples using standard microbiological techniques. Data obtained was expressed as Mean ±SD and compared with ICMSF Standard. A total of four hundred and fifty (450) cake samples from three selling points (markets, shops and bakeries) of the three senatorial districts of Kano State were collected and analyzed. The mean fungal counts of the cake samples analyzed ranged from 5.35 x 101 - 36.1 x 102cfu/g (Nassarawa- Tofa). Colonial morphology showed the presence of four fungal genera (Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor and Penicillium). The frequency of occurrence of fungal species isolated from the cake samples; were as follows Aspergillus fumigatus 6 (11.5%), Aspergillus niger 29 (55.7%), Rhizopus 7 (13.5%), Mucor spp 5 (9.6%), and Penicillium spp 5 (9.6%). Aspergillus niger has the highest frequency of 29 (55.7%), while Mucor spp has the lowest frequency of 5 (9.6%). A total 52 (11.55%) fungal species were isolated altogether from the cake samples. All the fungal species isolated in this study were extensively contaminants. It is concluded that some cakes sold in Kano, Northern Nigeria contain some fungi.
Optical time series for the separation of land cover types with similar spectral signatures: cocoa agroforest and forest

ABSTRACT One of the main applications of machine learning (ML) in remote sensing (RS) is the pixel-level classification of satellite images into land cover types. Although classes with different spectral signatures can be easily separated, e.g. aquatic and terrestrial land cover types, others have similar spectral signatures and are hard to separate using only the information within a single pixel. This work focused on the separation of two cover types with similar spectral signatures, cocoa agroforest and forest, over an area in Pará, Brazil. For this, we study the training and application of several ML algorithms on datasets obtained from a single composite image, a time-series (TS) composite obtained from the same location and by preprocessing the TS composite using simple TS preprocessing techniques. As expected, when ML algorithms are applied to a dataset obtained from a composite image, the median producer’s accuracy (PA) and user’s accuracy (UA) in those two classes are significantly lower than the median overall accuracy (OA) for all classes. The second dataset allows the ML models to learn the evolution of the spectral signatures over 5 months. Compared to the first dataset, the results indicate that ML models generalize better using TS data, even if the series are short and without any preprocessing. This generalization is further improved in the last dataset. The ML models are subsequently applied to an area with different geographical bounds. These last results indicate that, out of seven classifiers, the popular random forest (RF) algorithm ranked fourth, while XGBoost (×GB) obtained the best results. The best OA, as well as the best PA/UA balance, were obtained by performing feature construction using the M3GP algorithm and then applying XGB to the new extended dataset.
Part of Culture or Toxic Substance? Realities in Transition in Australian and Canadian Alcohol Policy Documents

This article analyzes alcohol policy documents through the framework of ontological politics developed by science and technology studies theorists John Law and Annemarie Mol. Specifically, it analyzes seven Australian and Canadian documents from 2006 to 2020, focusing on different enactments of alcohol as a harm-producing substance that requires regulation. The article identifies and discusses two co-existing realities of alcohol enacted in these documents: (1) alcohol as part of culture, with benefits and harms manageable through the promotion of moderation; and (2) alcohol as an inherently harmful and toxic substance whatever its pattern of use. The enactment of alcohol as a toxic substance is supported by recent scientific knowledge, in particular the link between drinking and cancer. This second reality of alcohol as toxic is more prominent in the more recent documents; in particular, a transition from one dominant reality to another is clearly apparent in the changes from the 2006–2009 Australian national alcohol strategy to the 2019–2028 strategy. Changes in the dominant reality of alcohol enable or at least support certain policy initiatives while making others less possible and defensible. Focusing on the single reality of alcohol as inherently harmful to health and wellbeing reduces the options for preventing alcohol-related harms.
Parameter Constraints for Virtual Synchronous Generator Considering Stability

A virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control for converters has been proposed as a method to provide virtual inertia from power electronics connected generation and storage. Most works to date have analyzed VSG control under the assumption that the VSG dynamics are much slower than that the converter. This work shows that when converter and line dynamics are taken into account, the virtual inertia and damping settings are constrained by stability considerations. These conditions for stability are analyzed based on a simple transfer function approach. It is shown that for the VSG to be stable and validly approximated by a second-order system, the ratio of damping to virtual inertia is a key parameter. This letter quantifies how these VSG parameters are constrained by stability. The transfer function analysis is validated using full switching model simulations of stable and unstable cases.
Persistence of pre-IPO earnings of new companies from CEE stock markets

Research background: A company? s earnings are one of the main determinants of investment decisions on the stock market. Thus, the reliability of disclosed financial information is crucial for the efficient allocation of capital. Unfortunately, reported earnings are an economic category susceptible to manipulation. This problem grows especially in the case of an initial public offering (IPO), as there is significant information asymmetry. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to assess the persistence of earnings reported by companies in the IPO process and to empirically identify financial characteristics associated with persistence of earnings. The usefulness of financial information is directly related to the issue of earnings quality. Therefore, this paper contributes to the stream of study on the quality of financial reporting of new stock companies. Methods: I employ a simple single-factor regression model to recognize the earnings persistence in new stock companies. Pre-IPO earnings are the explanatory variable. Then, I use multiple regression analysis to identify factors that influence this metric of reported earnings quality. Findings & value added: Using a sample of companies from stock exchange markets in Central and Eastern Europe (i.e., the Warsaw Stock Exchange, the Bulgarian Stock Exchange, the Bucharest Stock Exchange, the Belgrade Stock Exchange, the Prague Stock Exchange) that went public between 2010 and 2018, I find that, generally, pre-IPO earnings hold higher persistence compared to earnings reported in the year of the IPO. Profitability seems to be a factor that significantly influences this feature. Thus, the results contribute to corporate theory and practice facing insufficient empirical evidence on the issue of sustaining pre-IPO profitability in the long term, additionally putting these concerns in the context of the economic environment of European emerging stock markets.
MOTHERS KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES REGARDING ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS/ URBAN AND RURAL AREAS - AL MUKALLA CITY-2022

Management and prevention of acute respiratory tract infections are directly linked to the mother's knowledge and attitude, which can be translated into practice and employed as a disease prevention intervention.A community-based cross- sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural area locality in Al Mukalla, Hadhramout Governorate/ Yemen. Five hundred eighty-one mothers were selected randomly used Random Walk Method who had a child aged <5 years. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis.In a study of 581 mothers, 52.3 % of urban mothers were knowledgeable of ARI. About a third of mothers were knowledgeable that chest indrawing and rapid breathing are dangerous signs of infection, and this knowledge was high among urban mothers. In relation of mothers' attitudes about antibiotic use, positive attitudes were found to be prevalent among urban mothers (78.4%), while negative attitudes were prevalent among rural mothers (88.7 %). Urban mothers were more likely to use antibiotics without a prescription and to not complete the course (59 % and 57.7%, respectively), whereas rural mothers were more likely to use home remedies (61.3 %). The study reveals good knowledge and positive attitude among urban mothers towards ARI than rural mothers, but this good knowledge did not translate into good practice towards use of antibiotics by rational way.
Predictive Factors for Clinical Outcome After Direct Mechanical Thrombectomy for Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Within 4.5 h

Background Recent trials including DIRECT-MT, DEVT, and SKIP have found that direct mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is equally effective as the combination of MT and intravenous thrombolysis. However, the results of the other trials, namely MR-CLEAN NO-IV and the SWIFT-DIRECT trial have failed to confirm the non-inferiority of direct MT vs. the combination therapy. Aim We aimed to identify prognostic factors of direct MT for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 4.5 h. Materials and Methods Data from January 2018 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Adult patients with confirmed anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 4.5 h of onset with baseline NIHSS of ≥6 and baseline ASPECTS of ≥6 treated using direct MT within 6 h were recruited. Results A total of 140 patients were enrolled in the study with a median age of 65.5 years [interquartile range (IQR), 59–76.5], median baseline NIHSS of 13.5 (IQR, 11–16), and median baseline ASPECTS of 8 (IQR, 7–8). Direct MT was feasible in all patients (100%). Successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b-3) was achieved in 124/140 patients (88.6%) with a low rate of complications (8/140, 5.7%). Any type of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH occurred in 44/140 (31.4%) and 5/140 (3.6%), respectively. Overall, a good outcome (mRS 0–2) was achieved in 93/140 (66.4%), and the mortality rate was 9.3% (13/140 patients). Using multivariate analysis, lower age [odds ratio (OR), 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92–1.00; P = 0.05], low baseline NIHSS (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92; P = 0.00), and absence of ICH (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10–0.81; P = 0.02) were independently associated with favorable outcome. Independent predictors of mortality were baseline NIHSS (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01–1.46; P = 0.04), successful reperfusion (OR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.00–0.58; P = 0.02), and ICH (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02–0.75; P = 0.02). Further analysis showed that the median mRS at 90 days was significantly better in the MCA occlusion group compared to the ICA plus M1 occlusion group [1 (IQR 0–3) vs. 2 (IQR 1–4); P = 0.05]. Conclusions Our findings suggest that direct thrombectomy may be an adequate clinical option for younger patients (≤70) experiencing proximal middle artery occlusion within 4.5 h and who have low baseline NIHSS (≤14).
Sero-epidemiological survey of SARS-Cov2 in urban slums of a capital city: A cross- sectional study

Introduction: Slums are the most vulnerable settlements for COVID-19 infection due to overcrowding and unsanitary conditions. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine the level of seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 infection among slum dwellers. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey was conducted at several slums of Patna over four weeks, that is, January 20–February 20, 2021. A total of 650 participants were recruited in the study by applying a two-stage random sampling technique. Results: Seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody was found to be 31.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 27.9–35.1). The seropositivity prevalence was found to be statistically higher among participants belonging to the age group of 18–30 years (41.1%), male gender (67.9%), high-risk occupation (70%), below poverty line (BPL) economic status (62.1%), and residing in a hut (51.2%) and kutcha house (42.4%). Further, 262 participants reported having COVID-like symptoms in the preceding 1 month of the survey, which was found to be significantly associated with the seropositivity status. Conclusion: The finding of the study reflects that a moderate seroprevalence level of COVID-19 infection was acquired in the slum settings of Bihar. Unchecked spread in these informal communities will pose a serious threat to the rest of the bigger sections of urban populations. This indirectly calls for early intervention in the form of preference in the roadmap of COVID-19 vaccination.