Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Caregiving on the Health and Well-being of Kenyan Luo Grandparents

As the HIV/AIDS pandemic progresses in Africa, elders are increasingly responsible for the care of orphans. Several reports suggest that elderly Africans do not have the resources to provide care and are at risk of poor health, but few studies have systematically measured health of caregivers. The Kenyan Grandparents Study is a longitudinal study designed to compare elder Luo caregivers to noncaregiving peers. Several measures of health were collected, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, and hemoglobin. In addition, self-perceived health and mental health were measured using the MOS Short-Form 36 (SF-36). It was hypothesized that caregivers would have poorer health than noncaregivers and that the difference in health would widen over the three waves of the study. Caregiving did not affect physical health but did act to decrease mental health and perceived health over time.
Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health

Background: Aggression and violence and negative consequences thereof are a major concern in acute psychiatric inpatient care globally. Variations in study designs, settings, populations, and data collection methods render comparisons of the incidence of aggressive behaviour in high risk settings difficult. Objective: To describe the frequency and severity of aggressive incidents in acute psychiatric wards in the German speaking part of Switzerland. Methods: We conducted a prospective multicentre study on 24 acute admission wards in 12 psychiatric hospitals in the German speaking part of Switzerland. Aggressive incidents were recorded by the revised Staff Observation Aggression Scale (SOAS-R) and we checked the data collection for underreporting. Our sample comprised 2344 treatment episodes of 2017 patients and a total of 41'560 treatment days. Results: A total of 760 aggressive incidents were registered. We found incidence rates per 100 treatment days between 0.60 (95% CI 0.10–1.78) for physical attacks and 1.83 (1.70–1.97) for all aggressive incidents (including purely verbal aggression). The mean severity was 8.80 ± 4.88 points on the 22-point SOAS-R-severity measure; 46% of the purely verbally aggression was classified as severe (≥ 9 pts.). 53% of the aggressive incidents were followed by a coercive measure, mostly seclusion or seclusion accompanied by medication. In 13% of the patients, one ore more incidents were registered, and 6.9% of the patients were involved in one ore more physical attack. Involuntary admission (OR 2.2; 1.6–2.9), longer length of stay (OR 2.7; 2.0–3.8), and a diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICH-10 F2) (OR 2.1; 1.5–2.9) was associated with a higher risk for aggressive incidents, but no such association was found for age and gender. 38% of the incidents were registered within the first 7 days after admission. Conclusion: Aggressive incidents in acute admission wards are a frequent and serious problem. Due to the study design we consider the incidence rates as robust and representative for acute wards in German speaking Switzerland, and thus useful as reference for comparative and interventional research. Implications for clinical practice include the recommendation to extend the systematic risk assessment beyond the first days after admission. The study confirms the necessity to differentiate between types of aggressive behaviour when reporting and comparing incidence-data.
Clinical observation of sofren injection in treating patients with unstable angina

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of sofren injection on coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia and changes in blood flow.Methods: Hospitalized 83 patients with unstable angina were randomly divided into treatment group(n = 42) and control group(n = 41),the control group was given Aspirin,statins and other conventional treatment,Treatment group on the basis of conventional therapy to increase sofren injection 10 ml / L,qd,course of 10 days,and observe the effect and changes in blood flow and electrocardiogram changes.Results: Myocardial ischemic efficacy and ECG changes in treatment group improved significantly(P 0.05),blood rheology parameters were significantly decreased(P 0.05). Conclusion: sofren injection significantly improve the role of blood rheology and clinical efficacy and ECG indicators,which is the effective drug for treatment of angina pectoris.
Animal welfare initiatives improve feather cover of cage-free laying hens in the UK

This paper describes a case example where initiatives from private assurance schemes, scientists, charities, government and egg companies have improved the welfare of UK cage-free laying hens. The RSPCA and Soil Association farm assurance schemes introduced formal welfare outcome assessment into their annual audits of laying hen farms in 2011. Feather loss was assessed on 50 birds from each flock on a 3-point scale for two body regions: Head and Neck (HN) and Back and Vent (BV). In support of the observations assessors were trained in feedback techniques designed to encourage change in farmer behaviour to improve welfare. In addition, during Year 2 farmers were asked about changes they had made, and intended to make on their farms. During 2011-2013 there were also wider industry initiatives to improve feather cover. Data were analysed from 830 and 743 farms in Year 1 and Year 2 respectively. From Year 1 to Year 2 there was a significant reduction in the prevalence of feather loss from 31.8% (9.6% severe) to 20.8% (6% severe) for the HN region, and from 33.1% (12.6% severe) to 22.7% (8.3% severe) for BV. Fifty-nine percent of 662 farmers reported they had made changes on their farms during Year 1 to improve bird welfare. For such a substantial industry change, attributing causation to specific initiatives is difficult; however this is the first study to demonstrate the value to animal welfare of certification schemes monitoring the effectiveness of their own and other industry-led interventions to guide future policy.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare professionals about adverse drug reaction in major tertiary care teaching hospital in Punjab.

Background: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) has a severe morbidity and mortality associated with it. The safe use of medicines is a critical issue for all healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, and nurses as well as the public. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of healthcare professionals about ADRs in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the health care professionals in India using a pre-tested questionnaire with 30 questions (18 questions on knowledge, 6 on attitude, 5 on practice, and 1 on training about reporting of ADR). The study was conducted, over a period of 6 months. Results: The questionnaire was distributed to the respondents (n=200). The response rate of 85% was recorded. Among these, only 82 questionnaires were filled in pre-test and 88 questionnaires were filled in post-test after improving awareness through pamphlets. Of the total completed questionnaire (88), 34.88% were filled by physicians, 8.53% by pharmacists, 27.9% by nurses, and 31.3% by medical and paramedical interns. Conclusions: The health care professionals have little KAP toward ADR reporting. Healthcare professionals with higher experience such as (>10 years experience) have better KAP. With additional training on pharmacovigilance, the Indian healthcare professionals working in different sectors can become part of ADR reporting system.
Nodal disease assessment in pelvic malignancy

•. The accurate identification and characterisation of lymph nodes is essential in staging pelvic malignancies. •. The confirmed presence of nodal metastases has important prognostic and therapeutic significance for most pelvic cancers. •. Identification of metastatic nodes using imaging techniques helps in treatment planning, the assessment of disease response and the detection of recurrence. •. CT and MRI form first-line imaging modalities, with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT becoming routinely used for certain types of tumour. •. Nodal size is the most widely used imaging criterion; however, abnormal lymph node morphology can be a useful indicator. •. Emerging imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, have been demonstrated to improve diagnostic accuracy. •. No imaging technique currently exists with a high enough diagnostic performance to completely negate the need for histological confirmation.Accurate identification and characterisation of lymph nodes is essential in stag.
Clinical and academic uses of smartphones among medical residents

Background and Objective: A smartphone is a cellular phone with an integrated computer that enables it to perform a wide array of tasks in addition to its primary purpose. Technological growth has been paralleled by a similar rise in the capabilities of modern day smartphones. And they have found their way into medical education as well as practice. iOS and Android based phones constitute the bulk of the smartphones. Together with their associated applications (apps), these devices have become an indispensable tool for the medical resident and practicing physician. The aim of this study is to make an objective assessment of the status of smartphones as a learning aid and practice tool among medical residents. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on post-graduate trainees in the largest teaching hospital in Jammu province. The residents were approached in the hospital and requested to fill a pre-formulated questionnaire. 90 residents from different specialities were approached over a period of seven days. Results: 80% of the interviewees said they possessed a smartphone. The percentage was lower in first year trainees and highest in third year trainees. Android and iOS based phones were the devices most commonly used. 90% of those with smartphones said they used it for clinical or academic purposes in the hospital. Conclusion: A fairly large percentage of medical residents own smartphones. Most of them use these for clinical and academic purposes. Online resources and pre-installed apps are the two common resources accessed. There is a need for improving the credibility of online resources, and development of more medical apps for smartphones.
1,2-Bis(N′-benzoylthioureido)-4-chlorobenzene

In the title compound, C22H17ClN4O2S2, both benzoyl groups are trans to the thiono group across their C—N bonds. The two methylene carbamothioyl formamide fragments of the benzoylthiourea side arms make a dihedral angle of 87.00 (10)°. The molecule is stabilized by intramolecular N—H⋯O, N—H⋯S and C—H⋯·S hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯O and N—H⋯S intermolecular hydrogen bonds into zigzag chains along the a axis.
Back to the real world

OMPUTER-AUGMENTED , / ENVIRONMENTS: J We live in a complex world, ftlled with myriad objects, tools, toys, and people. / k Our lives are spent in diverse interaction with this environment. Yet, for the most part, our computing takes place sitting in front of, and staring at, a single glowing screen attached to an array of buttons and a mouse. Our different tasks are assigned to homogeneous overlapping windows. From the isolation of our workstations we try to interact with our surrounding environment, but the two worlds have little in common. How can we escape from the computer screen and bring these two worlds together?
Rupture rate of large abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients refusing or unfit for elective repair

ContextAmong patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) who have high operative risk, repair is usually deferred until the AAA reaches a diameter at which rupture risk is thought to outweigh operative risk, but few data exist on rupture risk of large AAA.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of rupture in patients with large AAA.Design and SettingProspective cohort study in 47 Veterans Affairs medical centers.PatientsVeterans (n = 198) with AAA of at least 5.5 cm for whom elective AAA repair was not planned because of medical contraindication or patient refusal. Patients were enrolled between April 1995 and April 2000 and followed up through July 2000 (mean, 1.52 years). Main Outcome MeasureIncidence of AAA rupture by strata of initial and attained diameter.ResultsOutcome ascertainment was complete for all patients. There were 112 deaths (57%) and the autopsy rate was 46%. Forty-five patients had probable AAA rupture. The 1-year incidence of probable rupture by initial AAA diameter was 9.4% for AAA of 5.5 to 5.9 cm, 10.2% for AAA of 6.0 to 6.9 cm (19.1% for the subgroup of 6.5-6.9 cm), and 32.5% for AAA of 7.0 cm or more. Much of the increased risk of rupture associated with initial AAA diameters of 6.5-7.9 cm was related to the likelihood that the AAA diameter would reach 8.0 cm during follow-up, after which 25.7% ruptured within 6 months.ConclusionThe rupture rate is substantial in high-operative-risk patients with AAA of at least 5.5 cm in diameter and increases with larger diameter.
A study of copper-T 200 acceptors

The Copper-IUD -- Cu-T 200 -- is a reliable safer simple and cost effective method of contraception. And yet its general acceptance is low as compared to sterilization even in the state of Goa where female literacy is over 68 per cent. During 1990-91 the effective couple protection rate in Goa was 33.9 per cent and the contribution of Cu-T towards this was only 3.9 per cent as against 24.4 per cent provided by sterilization and the remaining 5.6 per cent by other methods. The main objectives of the present study thus were (a) to understand the characteristics of the Cu-T acceptors as in the authors institution which is the only medical college in the state no such baseline study has been conducted and (b) to identify segments of the population among whom the acceptance of the device could be promoted so that greater and focussed efforts could be directed to these segments by medical and paramedical workers. (excerpt)
Review of Long-Acting Stimulant and Nonstimulant ADHD Pharmacotherapy in Canada

Objective: To review differences among long-acting stimulant and nonstimulant medications available in Canada for the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to describe strategies for implementing treatment with these medications. Method: A literature review of relevant English-language manuscripts on long-acting pharmacotherapy was conducted. Additional information was gathered from product monographs, material presented at recent scientific meetings, and practice guidelines. Results: Long-acting medications are recommended as first-line pharmacotherapy for management of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults and include methylphenidate- and amphetamine-based stimulants and the nonstimulant atomoxetine. Long-acting formulations aim to improve convenience and avoid the pitfalls associated with in-school dosing and may help to improve adherence. With the exception of the prodrug lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, long-acting stimulant preparations employ mechanical delivery systems to prolong release of the stimulant. In some cases, the technology used to confer a prolonged effect may serve to reduce the risk of abuse and provide smoother, less disrupted coverage. Conclusions: Long-acting medications have significantly impacted the management of ADHD. Despite the preponderance of long-acting medications, short-acting stimulants hold a place in the therapeutic armamentarium, particularly as adjunctive/augmentative therapy. Overall, the availability of a wide spectrum of medications has increased our capacity to optimize individual treatment of ADHD.
{5-Methoxy-2-[(2-morpholinoethyl)iminomethyl]phenolato}(thiocyanato-κN)nickel(II)

In the mononuclear title complex, [Ni(C14H19N2O3)(NCS)], the nickel(II) atom is four-coordinated in a square-planar geometry by the O and N atoms of the tridentate Schiff base ligand and by the N atom of a thiocyanate ligand. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯S and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.
3-({[Bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioyl]amino}carbonyl)benzamide

In the title compound, C17H25N3O2S, the terminal and central amide groups are, respectively, twisted and coplanar with the attached benzene ring [O—C—C—C torsion angles = 22.7 (3) and 5.4 (3)°]. In the central part of the molecule, the amide and thioamide residues are approximately perpendicular [C—N—C—S torsion angle = −104.98 (18)°]. Supramolecular layers with a zigzag topology are formed in the crystal packing by N—H⋯O, N—H⋯S and C—H⋯O interactions; these stack along c, being separated by hydrophobic interactions.
5-Diethylamino-2-{[2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]methyl}phenol

In the title compound, C17H19N5O5, obtained from the condensation reaction of 4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, the two benzene rings are twisted by a dihedral angle of 1.75 (12)°. The nitro groups are slightly twisted with the respect to the benzene ring to which they are attached, making dihedral angles of 8.20 (15) and 5.78 (15)°. An intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers through R 2 2(12) rings. These dimers are further linked by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π and weak slipped π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.743 (2)Å]. One of the ethyl groups is disordered over two positions, with occupancy factors in the ratio 0.72:0.28.
Current research on respiratory viral infections: XIII International Symposium on Respiratory Viral Infections: part 1

The XIII International Symposium on Respiratory Viral Infections was convened by The Macrae Group LLC (NY, USA) in Rome, Italy, on the 13–16 March 2011. This annual symposium provides a forum for public health specialists, vaccinologists, clinicians, virologists and pharmacologists to discuss recent advances in respiratory virus research in an interdisciplinary fashion. Here, we highlight presentations at this conference with a special focus on influenza.
Knowledge, Perception, and Attitude of Pregnant Women Towards the Role of Physical Therapy in Antenatal Care - A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Physiotherapy plays an essential role in obstetrics, both in the antenatal and postnatal periods. Antenatal exercises are recommended for the health benefits and safe delivery that they secure of pregnant mothers. However, studies on the efficacy of this approach in developing countries like India are limited in literature.The objective of this study was to determine knowledge, perception, and attitude of pregnant women towards the role of physical therapy in antenatal care. Methods: A descriptive survey research design was used for this cross-sectional study. A total of 106 pregnant women attending regular antenatal checkups in tertiary care centers in Mangalore, Karnataka, India were recruited. Data were obtained on maternal characteristics, knowledge, perception, and attitude towards the role of physiotherapy in antenatal care. Results: 46% of subjects knew about antenatal exercises. The majority of them were not aware or not sure about the different type of antenatal exercises avaliable.60% of the respondents had a positive attitude to physiotherapy during antenatal care. However, only 30% of the participants had adequate knowledge of the benefits of antenatal exercise and this was not influenced by maternal sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion: A majority of Indian pregnant women demonstrate inadequate knowledge but have positive attitude towards role of physiotherapy in antenatal care.
1,1′-[(2-Phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-1,3-diyl)bis(methylene)]bis(1H-benzotriazole)

The imidazole ring in the title compound, C27H22N8, adopts a slight envelope conformation with the C atom carrying the phenyl ring being the flap atom. The phenyl ring is almost perpendicular to the mean plane of the imidazole ring [dihedral angle = 88.90 (7)°]. The (1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl groups bound to the imidazole ring are positioned on the same side of the imidazole ring. The dihedral angle between these benzotriazolyl rings is 17.71 (5)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by a C—H⋯π interaction, which connects the molecules into zigzag chains running along the b axis.
The Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Punjab, India.

The present cross sectional study was carried out on 516 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 234 control subjects from tertiary health care hospitals to identify the predictors of T2DM. In univariate testing diabetes mellitus was observed to be strongly associated with age group 46-55 years (P=0.04), sedentary life style (P=0.004), smoking (P=0.04), drinking alcohol (P=0.008), systolic blood pressure >120mmHg (P100mg/dl (P=0.001), triglycerides (TG) >150mg/dl (P
(7R,8R,8aS)-8-Hydroxy-7-phenylperhydroindolizin-3-one

The absolute configuration of the title compound, C14H17NO2, was assigned from the synthesis. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Their geometries are very similar and corresponding bond lengths are almost identical [mean deviation for all non-H atoms = 0.015 (2) Å]. The six-membered ring of the indolizine system adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal structure, molecules form chains parallel to the a axis via intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which help to stabilize the crystal structure.
Adding it up: Costs and benefits of contraceptive services. Estimates for 2012.

In 2012 an estimated 645 million women in the developing world were using modern methods -- 42 million more than in 2008. About half of this increase was due to population growth. The proportion of married women using modern contraceptives in the developing world as a whole barely changed between 2008 (56%) and 2012 (57%). Larger-than-average increases were seen in Eastern Africa and Southeast Asia but there was no increase in Western Africa and Middle Africa. The number of women who have an unmet need for modern contraception in 2012 is 222 million. This number declined slightly between 2008 and 2012 in the developing world overall but increased in some subregions as well as in the 69 poorest countries. Contraceptive care in 2012 will cost $4.0 billion in the developing world. To fully meet the existing need for modern contraceptive methods of all women in the developing world would cost $8.1 billion per year. Current contraceptive use will prevent 218 million unintended pregnancies in developing countries in 2012 and in turn will avert 55 million unplanned births 138 million abortions (of which 40 million are unsafe) 25 million miscarriages and 118000 maternal deaths. Serving all women in developing countries who currently have an unmet need for modern methods would prevent an additional 54 million unintended pregnancies including 21 million unplanned births 26 million abortions (of which 16 million would be unsafe) and seven million miscarriages; this would also prevent 79000 maternal deaths and 1.1 million infant deaths. Special attention is needed to ensure that the contraceptive needs of vulnerable groups such as unmarried young women poor women and rural women are met and that inequities in knowledge and access are reduced. Improving services for current users and adequately meeting the needs of all women who currently need but are not using modern contraceptives will require increased financial commitment from governments and other stakeholders as well as changes to a range of laws policies factors related to service provision and practices that significantly impede access to and use of contraceptive services.