Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ENTEROMORPHA INTESTINALIS AND E. COMPRESSA (CHLOROPHYTA) IN THE BRITISH ISLES

The very common green seaweeds Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Nees and E. compressa (L.) Nees are important fouling organisms and have commonly been used as indicators of eutrophication, but their taxonomic status is problematic. The genus presents extreme difficulties because there is wide intraspecific variation in morphology, but morphological differences between species are small and difficult to detect. In this study, molecular data were used in parallel with morphological characters to resolve the taxonomic problems. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 and the 5.8S gene distinguished two groups of samples, which were identified by morphological characters as E. compressa (branched) and E. intestinalis (normally unbranched). There was a low level of sequence divergence within each group of samples, but divergence between groups was as great as that between either of the two species and the outgroup E. prolifera. Clades representing E. compressa and E. intestinalis were also found in analyses of an independent molecular data set, chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Enteromorpha intestinalis and E. compressa represent two distinct, genetically divergent species. Reinterpretation of published studies shows that these species are reproductively isolated. However, E. compressa and E. intestinalis are sometimes very difficult to distinguish from each other and could be regarded as cryptic species. The presence or absence of branching was the most useful character distinguishing these two species, but there was an element of ambiguity because low salinity or salinity shock can induce branching in E. intestinalis. If environmental factors such as salinity are taken into account, branching can be used to identify the great majority of thalli correctly. This study therefore provides a basis for identifying the two most important marine fouling macroalgae and for their use in environmental monitoring and experimentation. Typification of these two Linnaean species showed that current usage of the names accords with the lectotype and protologue of both species. Samples that resembled E. usneoides did not form a clade in any of the trees, and constraining the data to support the monophyly of this group incurred a penalty. Enteromorpha usneoides appears to be an ecotype of E. compressa.
The Eurasian Economic Union of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and the Kyrgyz Republic: Can It Succeed Where Its Predecessor Failed?

Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan formed the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in order to create a single market. Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan all approximately doubled their average external tariffs, which were the Russian tariff, resulting in substantial transfers to Russia. Estimates show, however, that substantial progress in trade facilitation and reducing nontariff barriers could make the EAEU positive for all members. Moreover, the right to work for migrants or security arrangements with Russia may be the dominant issue for Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic. So far, however, the EAEU has made little progress on reducing nontariff barriers or trade facilitation.
THE FOOD REQUIREMENTS OF PHONOCTONUS NIGROFASCIATUS STÅL. (HEMIPTERA, REDUVIIDAE)

The food requirements of Phonoctonus nigrofasciatus Stål. when fed on nymphs of Dysdercus were investigated. Within an instar the conversion ratio varies with the weight of food consumed. Thus, for the first instar nymph the conversion ratio wsa 62.6% when food was limited and 44.3% when food was plentiful. It is suggested that the relationship between conversion ratio and weight food consumed may follow an S‐shaped curve. The earlier instars appear to be more efficient than the later ones. This is not merely a further reflection of differing food consumption. The Predatory Value is a variable index which must be used with care when comparing different instars. It is thought that 20–22 fifth instar Dysdercus are necessary to provide the food required for the development of a Phonoctonus from first instar to adult.
Changes in the Distribution of Lepidopteran Maize Stemborers in Kenya from the 1950s to 1990s

Three hundred and ninety-two maize fields in the southern arable zone of Kenya were sampled for lepidopteran cereal stemborers from 1996–2000. Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) was the most abundant stemborer, and was found at all locations with elevations below 1500 m, and at some locations between 1500 and 2300 m. The highest density of C. partellus was in the semi-arid ecological zone of eastern Kenya. Chilo orichalcociliellus (Strand) was found in the lowland southern coastal area, and a few inland sites on the border of Tanzania in southeastern Kenya. Busseola fusca Fuller was dominant in highland areas. In the Lake Victoria Basin, which has an elevation of about 1100 m, B. fusca was dominant at some sites, but overall, C. partellus was more abundant. Sesamia calamistis Hampson was present at all elevations and all locations, but typically at low densities. Eldana saccharina (Walker) was found in two-thirds of the fields sampled in the Lake Victoria Basin. These results are compared with the distributions of the various stemborers in the 1950s to 1960s, as reported in the literature. RésuméTrois cent quatre vingt douze champs de maïs ont été échantillonnés dans la zone arable du sud Kenya pour les lépidoptères foreurs de tiges entre 1996 et 2000. Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) est le foreur le plus abondant, il a été trouvé dans toutes les localités situées à une altitude inférieure à 1500 m, et dans certaines localités entre 1500 et 2300 m. La plus forte densité de C. partellus a été trouvée dans les zones écologiques semi-arides de l’Est du Kenya. On trouve Chilo orichalcociliellus dans les basses terres de la zone côtière sud et dans plusieurs localités de l’intérieur des terres près de la frontière tanzanienne au sud-est du Kenya. Busseola fusca Fuller est dominant dans les hautes terres. Près du bassin du lac Victoria, qui a une altitude d’environ 1100 m, B. fusca est dominant dans certaines localités, mais d’une manière générale, C. partellus est l’espèce la plus abondante. Sesamia calamistis Hampson est présent à toutes les altitudes et toutes les localités, mais à faibles densités. On trouve Eldana saccharina (Walker) dans deux tiers des champs échantillonnés sur le bassin du lac Victoria. Ces résultats sont comparés avec la distribution des foreurs de tiges des années 1960 et 1960, rapportée dans la litérature.
Efficacy of Certain Bio Agents and Fungicides against Early Blight of Potato (solanum Tuberosum L.)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of bio agents (Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and fungicides (mancozeb) against early blight of potato caused by Alternariasolani (Ell. and Mart.) at the experimental field of Department of Plant Protection, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad during Rabi Season of 2013-2014. Seven treatment including control with three replications were taken up using RBD. The treatments comprised of seed treatment and foliar spray (once and twice) of bio agents Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens while fungicide taken up was mancozeb and control (spray of plain water) was applied. Observation for per cent disease intensity was recorded at 60 and 80 days after sowing. Lowest disease intensity was recorded in mancozeb (15.07% and 18.40%, respectively) as compared to control which recorded highest disease intensity (20.91% and 33.80%, respectively). Mancozeb not only reduced disease intensity but also recorded highest yield (253.00 q/ha) as compared to control which recorded 157.83 q/ha.The bio agents Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens (seed treatment +foliar spray) were also effective in reducing the disease intensity and increasing tuber yield.
Desempenho e características de carcaça de suínos submetidos a diferentes programas de restrição alimentar na fase dos 30 aos 118 kg

The aim of this work was evaluate the animal performance, the carcass characteristics and the weight of the organs of digestive system of pigs submitted to different periods of feed restriction. A total of 40 barrows, Landrace × Large White were distributed to randomized block design, to four feed restriction programs, five replications and two animal per experimental unit. Four restrict programs were evaluated: one control, with ad libitum feeding during the 86 days of experiment, and others three, with restriction of 20% in the feed intake in relation to control group, during 21 days, at 30, 50 or 70 kg BW. Performance characteristics as daily feed intake, daily weight gain and the feed conversion of the animals were evaluated. Carcass characteristics, as hot and cold carcass weights, length and carcass dressing, subcutaneous fat thickness, Longissimus dorsi muscle depth, lean meat yield, lean meat amount and loin eye area were evaluated. Also were evaluated organs weights, as liver, stomach, small and large intestine. The costs of each program were evaluated to observe their viability. Feed conversion, considering total experimental period, was better for the animals kept on feed restriction from 70 kg BW. The carcass characteristics evaluations and organs weights did not differ among feed restriction programs. The costs analysis showed a better relation for feed restriction from 70 kg BW. In all feeding programs, the feed restriction followed by ad libitum feeding promoted a compensatory gain effect for all treatments.
Down regulation of Hsp70 expression level prolongs the duration of heat-induced male sterility in Drosophila buzzatii

Summary 1 The relationship between heat shock protein Hsp70 expression level and the duration of heat-induced male sterility was investigated in four populations of Drosophila buzzatii Patterson and Wheeler. The effect of heat hardening on the duration of sterility was further examined after flies developed at either 25 or 31 °C. In addition, Hsp70 expression was measured in testes after development at three different thermal regimes. 2 Four main hypotheses were tested: (i) Hsp70 is expressed in testes of D. buzzatii males even at non-stressful temperatures, and the level of expression increases with increasing rearing temperature. (ii) Hsp70 expression level differs between populations and is negatively correlated with the duration of poststress sterility. (iii) Experimentally induced Hsp70 expression at the pupal stage shortens the sterility period of flies reared above the temperature threshold of sterility. (iv) In contrast, a hardening treatment during the pupal stage of flies reared at 25 °C results in a longer time to fertility. 3 The results matched the hypotheses, leading to the conclusion that higher Hsp70 expression reduces the duration of heat-induced male sterility.
Presence of the Endangered Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica in Jilin Province, China, detected using non-invasive genetic techniques

Abstract China is home to three subspecies of tiger Panthera tigris but there are no estimates of the size of any of the populations. We detected a population of the Endangered Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica in Hunchun Nature Reserve in Jilin Province using both mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellite loci. Four male and one female tigers were detected, indicating the potential for a small breeding group. However, genetic diversity was low overall, with six loci showing a heterozygote deficiency and a mean of 2.55 alleles per locus. This study is the first estimate of the wild Amur tiger population in China to use non-invasive techniques, and the presence of a female tiger indicates this is a potentially viable population. We provide baseline genetic diversity estimates to support monitoring of the population. The small number of tiger scats located indicates the importance of continuing the current conservation efforts for this tiger subspecies in Hunchun Nature Reserve. Such efforts include reducing poaching of tigers and their prey, and implementation of management plans to encourage the persistence and recovery of tigers in this area.
Genetic Structure of Columbia River Redband Trout Populations in the Kootenai River Drainage, Montana, Revealed by Microsatellite and Allozyme Loci

Abstract We describe the genetic divergence among 10 populations of redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri from the upper Columbia River drainage. Resident redband trout from two watersheds in the Kootenai River drainage and hatchery stocks of migratory Kamloops redband trout from Kootenay Lake, British Columbia, were analyzed using allele frequency data from microsatellite and allozyme loci. The Kamloops populations have significantly different allele frequencies from those of the Kootenai River drainage. Of the total genetic variation detected in the resident redband trout, 40.7% (microsatellites) and 15.5% (allozymes) were due to differences between populations from the two Kootenai River watersheds. The divergence among populations within each watershed, however, was less than 3.5% with both techniques. Our data indicate that watershed-specific broodstocks of redband trout are needed by fisheries managers for reintroduction or the supplementation of populations at risk of extinction.
Browsing by large herbivores on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings in mixture with ash (Fraxinus excelsior) or silver birch (Betula pendula)

Abstract Food selection by large herbivores occurs at a hierarchy of scales, for example landscape, patch or plant. Several hypotheses regarding food plant selection on patch or plant level have been developed. In this cafeteria-type design field experiment, conducted during one winter immediately after planting, we tested the effect of species mixture on browsing by large herbivores (mainly roe deer) on Scots pine seedlings in mixture with seedlings of ash (highly preferred) or silver birch (less preferred). Browsing on Scots pine was not affected by species mixture, neither in terms of the number of browsed pines nor browsing intensity. Instead, browsed biomass was positively and significantly correlated to the total biomass available for browsing. Also, there were differences due to species, with ash being most browsed (44.6%), followed by Scots pine (18.9%) and silver birch (11.6%). Browsed biomass per browsed seedling, however, was largest for Scots pine. In addition, browsed seedlings were initially taller compared to unbrowsed seedlings for all species. The main management implication in this study is that the species mixture did not influence large herbivore browsing on Scots pine seedlings. Hence, removing or discouraging more (or less) attractive browse species in early stages of pine regeneration activities seems unnecessary from the point of large herbivore browsing.
The Australian Cretaceous Ichthyosaur Platypterygius australis: A Description and Review of Postcranial Remains

ABSTRACT Australian Cretaceous ichthyosaur material is amongst the most complete in the world. This study describes postcranial remains referred to the upper Albian species Platypterygius australis, including the first record of pelvic and hind limb elements for this taxon. A combination of phylogenetically significant traits such as lack of fusion between the atlas-axis complex and third cervical centrum, the presence of three distal facets on both the humerus/femur for accommodation of the anterior zeugopodial elements plus the radius/tibia and ulna/fibula, concave preaxial accessory facet surfaces on both the humerus and the femur, and complete fusion of the ischiopubis with closure of the obturator foramen, are considered diagnostic for the species and (in conjunction with other previously identified cranial/postcranial features) may serve to distinguish P. australis from the other paleogeographically disparate Platypterygius spp.
Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisins in corn in relation to human esophageal cancer in Transkei.

Homegrown corn samples were collected from areas with high and low rates of human esophageal cancer in the southern African territory of Transkei for six seasons over the period of 1976-1989. The most consistent difference in the mycoflora of the corn kernels was the significantly higher incidence of Fusarium moniliforme in corn from high-vs. low-rate areas. In the 1989 samples, this significant (P<0.01) difference in high- and low-rate cancer areas was 41.2 and 8.9%, respectively, in good (visibly nonmoldy) corn and 61.7 and 21.4%, respectively (.)
Communications: Life Histories and Precocity of Chinook Salmon in the Mid-Columbia River

Abstract We review available information on the phenomenon of precocious sexual development in stream-type (spring run) male chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), provide some new data, and suggest implications. Females consistently outnumber males about 3:2 in adult returns of stream-type chinook salmon to the mid-Columbia River. No selective harvest occurs. Sex ratios of juveniles favor males. Precocious parr experience more deaths than nonmaturing juveniles, which leads to more females than males among returnees from the ocean. Precocious maturation of males is characteristic of both hatchery and wild stocks. Rapid growth in hatcheries may result in a large increase in precocious males. This could be one factor in the low survival (0.16–0.55%) of stream-type chinook salmon from mid-Columbia River hatcheries.
Synchronous Vector TAG for Syntax and Semantics: Control Verbs, Relative Clauses, and Inverse Linking

Recent work has used the synchronous tree-adjoining grammar (STAG) formalism to demonstrate that many of the cases in which syntactic and semantic derivations appeared to be divergent could be handled elegantly through synchronization. This research has provided syntax and semantics for diverse and complex linguistic phenomena. However, certain hard cases push the STAG formalism to its limits, requiring awkward analyses or leaving no clear solution at all. In this paper a new variant of STAG, synchronous vector TAG (SV-TAG), and demonstrate that it has the potential to handle hard cases such as control verbs, relative clauses, and inverse linking, while maintaining the simplicity of previous STAG syntax-semantics analyses.
Comparison of Breeding Strategies for Purging Inbreeding Depression via Simulation

Purging deleterious genes in breeding programs, particularly with endangered species, has become of increased interest in recent years, but less attention has been paid to the effectiveness of alternative breeding schemes in these purging programs. We conducted a computer simulation to examine the relative effectiveness of purging deleterious genes in five breeding schemes: continuous selfing, half‐sib mating, and three mixtures of selfing or half‐sib mating alternating over generations. We considered a multiplicative fitness model of lethal, highly detrimental, and detrimental genes affecting viability. We simulated a diploid breeding population of progeny sizes (10, 50, 200) with initial lethal equivalents of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 in which each of the five breeding schemes was applied over 10 generations. The patterns of purging, progeny survival, and probability of population extinction were compared among the breeding schemes. Continuous selfing could quickly purge deleterious genes of large effect, especially for increasing progeny fitness, but not necessarily with a low probability of extinction. Continuous half‐sib mating could be as effective in purging as continuous selfing, especially after several generations, but generally with low risk of extinction. The breeding schemes of mixed selfing and half‐sib mating fall mostly between continuous selfing and half‐sib mating schemes in the effectiveness of purging deleterious genes as well as progeny survival and probability of extinction. These results suggest that a mild inbreeding system such as half‐sib mating might be the breeding scheme of choice in breeding programs of endangered species, especially for avoiding increases in extinction probability.
Consumo de energia elétrica e produção de alface hidropônica com três intervalos entre irrigações

Com o objetivo de avaliar a acao do regime de irrigacao na producao da alface cv. "Regina" em sistema hidroponico NFT, foi conduzido um experimento no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, de maio a junho (outono) de 2005. Os tratamentos constituiram-se de tres diferentes intervalos entre irrigacoes; 15min, 30min e 45min a cada irrigacao de 15min. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com tres repeticoes. Foram realizadas as medidas fenometricas area foliar, fitomassa seca da parte aerea e fitomassa seca total, no momento do transplante e aos seis, nove, 16, 20 e 23 dias apos o transplante. Nao houve diferenca significativa entre as variaveis fenometricas. O intervalo de 45 min entre irrigacoes destacou-se por ter proporcionado diminuicao no custo da energia eletrica de 42,1%, sem prejuizos a produtividade.
Liquidity Dynamics Around Jumps: The Evidence from the Warsaw Stock Exchange

ABSTRACT The aim of our study is to examine the dynamics of trading volume and the number of trades around jumps detected in intraday stock returns. We detect jumps in equally spaced 10-minute returns for most liquid stocks quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange within one-year sample period. We match jumps with macroeconomic and firm specific news. We find that only the minority of jumps is associated with public information releases, whereas the majority of them is motivated by liquidity shocks observed in the spreads, volume, and the number of trades. Our findings show that jumps are related to the inability of the market to absorb new and big orders. Liquidity shocks in volatility, volume, and quoted spread are the key drivers accompanying the occurrence of the jumps. Finally, the introduction of a faster and more efficient trading system improves the liquidity by increasing the depth of the market.
The tale of 1000 Cores: an evaluation of concurrency control on real(ly) large multi-socket hardware

In this paper, we set out the goal to revisit the results of "Starring into the Abyss [. ] of Concurrency Control with [1000] Cores" [27] and analyse in-memory DBMSs on today's large hardware. Despite the original assumption of the authors, today we do not see single-socket CPUs with 1000 cores. Instead multi-socket hardware made its way into production data centres. Hence, we follow up on this prior work with an evaluation of the characteristics of concurrency control schemes on real production multi-socket hardware with 1568 cores. To our surprise, we made several interesting findings which we report on in this paper.