Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Induce Drowsiness When Testing Driver Drowsiness and Attention Warning (DDAW) Systems

Driver drowsiness and attention warning systems are mandatory for new vehicles in the EU by 2022. Requirements for the test procedure for type approval are laid down in the Annex of EU regulation C/2021/2639. The aim of the presented study was to establish a robust test procedure that enables the collection of drowsy driving data in real traffic while accounting for safety and study ethics. Compared to other circadian timings, most participants reached the required drowsiness threshold when starting the test drive at 1 p.m. The drowsiness threshold of $>$ 7 defined by the EU regulation was considered suitable.
Linear and nonlinear instabilities of a Blasius boundary layer perturbed by streamwise vortices. Part 1. Steady streaks

This paper investigates the stability properties of a Blasius boundary layer perturbed by a small-amplitude steady three-dimensional distortion, which may be isolated or periodic along the spanwise direction. It is shown that once the strength of the distortion exceeds a threshold, the perturbed flow becomes inviscidly unstable. An isolated distortion which features a dominant low-speed streak induces a localized mode, while a periodic distortion supports spatially quasi-periodicmodes through a parametric resonance. The frequencies and growth rates of both types of mode are much higher than those of the viscous Tollmien–Schlichting (T–S) waves. For moderate distortions, the instability modes can be viewed as kinds of modified T–S waves, which amplify at rates in excess of the viscous instability. For a localized distortion, these modes do not reduce to the usual T–S wavesin the zero-distortion limit. The nonlinear development of the inviscid modes is also studied, and is foundto be governed by a slightly modified version of the evolution equation derived by Wu (1993). A numerical study suggests that nonlinearity has a strong destabilizing effect, and ultimately leads to an explosive growth in the form of a finite-distance singularity. The present theoretical model is found to capture qualitatively some key experimental observations.
Visual Heading-Aided Pedestrian Navigation Method Based on Factor Graph in Indoor Environment

The main error in traditional inertial pedestrian navigation is caused by unobservable heading errors with only zero velocity constraints. In this article, a human posture model-aided optimized fusion framework based on dominant events for pedestrian navigation is proposed to precisely locate pedestrians. Optimization is performed only at the moment of dominant events to reduce computational effort and improve the robustness. This model can fit the preferred heading information between two dominant events for fusion to improve accuracy. The optimization-based framework can also reduce the nonlinear error by relinearizing the state and associating constraints to the historical state to estimate the biases better. Besides, a hybrid visual heading angle estimation method is proposed by leveraging the Manhattan world hypothesis to obtain a drift-free heading angle with a monocular camera. The hypothesis is searched in the designated region based on histogram quality assessment that can improve the robustness and significantly reduce the computational amount. With low-cost devices, the multiple indoor experiments show that the proposed method can achieve 0.11% positioning accuracy comparable to traditional algorithms, which require numerous conditions to be met in good environments, and achieving over 70% improvement in accuracy over traditional methods in complex environments.
Native Microbes Amplify Native Seedling Establishment and Diversity While Inhibiting a Non-Native Grass

Although several studies have shown increased native plant establishment with native microbe soil amendments, few studies have investigated how microbes can alter seedling recruitment and establishment in the presence of a non-native competitor. In this study, the effect of microbial communities on seedling biomass and diversity was assessed by seeding pots with both native prairie seeds and a non-native grass that commonly invades US grassland restorations, Setaria faberi. Soil in the pots was inoculated with whole soil collections from ex-arable land, late successional arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi isolated from a nearby tallgrass prairie, with both prairie AM fungi and ex-arable whole soil, or with a sterile soil (control). We hypothesized (1) late successional plants would benefit from native AM fungi, (2) that non-native plants would outcompete native plants in ex-arable soils, and (3) early successional plants would be unresponsive to microbes. Overall, native plant abundance, late successional plant abundance, and total diversity were greatest in the native AM fungi+ ex-arable soil treatment. These increases led to decreased abundance of the non-native grass S. faberi. These results highlight the importance of late successional native microbes on native seed establishment and demonstrate that microbes can be harnessed to improve both plant community diversity and resistance to invasion during the nascent stages of restoration.
Gradient Prior Dilated Convolution Network for Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution

Super-resolution (SR) aims to recover a high-resolution image from a single or multiple low-resolution images, compensating for the limitations of satellite sensor imaging. Deep convolutional neural networks have made great achievement in remote sensing image SR. In this article, we propose a novel gradient prior dilated convolutional network (GPDCN) for remote sensing image SR, which obtains contextual spatial connections and alleviates structural distortions. The GPDCN comprises a multiscale feature extraction network and a feature reconstruction network. The former employs a double-path dilated residual block with dilation convolution to increase a receptive field, a global self-attention module to detect long-range reliance among image patches, and a gradient propagation network to extract high-level gradient information. The latter uses the mixed high-order attention module to reconstruct the feature by collecting the high-order characteristics of multiple frequency bands. Experiments with the Massachusetts_Roads and 3K VEHICLE_SR datasets demonstrate that the GPDCN outperforms recent techniques concerning both quantitative and qualitative measures.
Environmental Prioritization: Employee Beliefs about Environmental Concerns and Actions

—Whilst developing and developed nations work to prioritize pro-environmental action, Australia ranked 130 in a global sustainability index in 2020, well behind economically comparable nations. This exists alongside national surveys showing high public support for pro-environmental behavior. As employees increasingly utilize ‘green’ credentials to make career decisions in globally competitive marketplaces, understanding if an employer’s environmental track-record is concerning, and what employer pro-environmental action awareness exists, may encourage large organizations to think critically about future trajectories. This research presents results from primary data collected to explore if employees thought environmental sustainability issues were an employer concern, what issues concerned their employer the most, and what, if any, environmental actions were undertaken. Compared with participants’ demographics, personal environmental concerns, actions, and literacy, results are globally contextualized to demonstrate issue salience and highlight local and global imperatives.
Analysing the relationship between altmetric attention score (AAS) and citation: a correlational study

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the value of altmetrics or other indicators, showcasing the impact of academic output, which is seen too often correlated with the citation count. Design/methodology/approach This study considered three reputed journals of Library and Information Science (LIS) published by Elsevier. A total of 1,164 articles were found in these journals from 2016 to 2020 and the relationships between altmetric attention scores (AAS) and citations were examined. The analysis was extended to compare the grouped data set based on percentile ranks of AAS like top 50%, top 25%, top 10% and top 1%. Findings Using Spearman correlation analysis, the findings reveal a positive correlation between AAS and citations with different significant levels for all articles, and articles with AAS, as well as for normalized AAS in the top 50%, top 25%, top 10% and top 1% data set. For the three journals International Journal of Information Management (IJIM), Journal of Informetrics (JIF) and Library and Information Science Research (LISR), a significant positive correlation is observed across all data sets. But an unexpected result was observed: in the case of the top 50% of articles for the IJIM and JIF showed no significant correlation but the LISR journal showed a positive correlation for the whole data set. This journal though has fewer articles in comparison to the other two. Research limitations/implications A source item that is highly cited may not be having high social media attention as reflected in the findings. This demarcates AAS with citations implying various factors on which these measurements are dependent. The study distinguishes these metrics lucidly. There is not a single guideline or uniformity in assessing the correlation found. But the problem is that the interpretation of the correlation strength affects the conclusion of the study. Moreover, this study will be a role model as a draft for librarians to select relevant journals for their libraries and will facilitate authors in the choice of the publication outlets for their papers, particularly concerning the journals that have both visibility and research impact. Originality/value The study reported devising a comprehensive tool to validate AAS as a measure of scholarly impact to include appropriate social media sources and verify its relationship with other metrics. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to discover the correlation between AAS and citations for the highly impactful LIS journal published by Elsevier. The empirical evidence lies in the citation and altmetric data extracted from the dimension database.
Difference between the forces measured by an optical lever deflection and by an optical interferometer in an atomic force microscope

Using a simple model, we investigated the difference between the forces measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM) with an optical lever deflection method and that with an optical interferometer method. Then, using a mica with an atomically flat surface as a test sample, we confirmed experimentally the above difference, which says that the optical lever deflection method detects not only the surface corrugation but also the frictional force, while the optical interferometer method detects only the surface corrugation. Based on the above results, we proposed a method to measure the three‐dimensional force vector by using both the optical lever AFM/LFM and the optical interferometer AFM simultaneously. Furthermore, we mention that the measurement of three‐dimensional spatial distribution of the force vector will implement the computed tomography technique into AFM measurements, which yields a three‐dimensional spatial distribution of the force origin.
Association between meat, fish, and fatty acid intake and incidence of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study

Background The association between meat, fish, or fatty acid intake and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been investigated in a few studies, and the results were inconsistent. In addition, most studies are mainly based on the United States and European countries, in which the dietary patterns differ from that in Asia. Therefore, the risk of AML/MDS from meat, fish, or fatty acid intake in Asia requires further exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between AML/MDS incidence and meat, fish, or fatty acid intake using the Japan Public Health Center–based prospective study. Methods The present study included 93,366 participants who were eligible for analysis and followed up from the 5-year survey date until December 2012. We estimated the impact of their intake on AML/MDS incidence using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results The study participants were followed up for 1,345,002 person-years. During the follow-up period, we identified 67 AML and 49 MDS cases. An increased intake of processed red meat was significantly associated with the incidence of AML/MDS, with a hazard ratio of 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.03–2.57) for the highest versus lowest tertile and a Ptrend of 0.04. Meanwhile, the intake of other foods and fatty acids was not associated with AML/MDS. Conclusion In this Japanese population, processed red meat was associated with an increased incidence of AML/MDS. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00233.
Improvement of Heat Resistance of Fluorosilicone Rubber Employing Vinyl-Functionalized POSS as a Chemical Crosslinking Agent

Fluorosilicone rubber (F-LSR) is a promising material that can be applied in various cutting-edge industries. However, the slightly lower thermal resistance of F-LSR compared with that of conventional PDMS is difficult to overcome by applying nonreactive conventional fillers that readily agglomerate owing to their incompatible structure. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane with vinyl groups (POSS-V) is a suitable material that may satisfy this requirement. Herein, F-LSR-POSS was prepared using POSS-V as a chemical crosslinking agent chemically bonded with F-LSR through hydrosilylation. All F-LSR-POSSs were successfully prepared and most of the POSS-Vs were uniformly dispersed in the F-LSR-POSSs, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The mechanical strength and crosslinking density of the F-LSR-POSSs were determined using a universal testing machine (UTM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. Finally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements confirmed that the low-temperature thermal properties were maintained, and the heat resistance was significantly improved compared with conventional F-LSR. Eventually, the poor heat resistance of the F-LSR was overcome with three-dimensional high-density crosslinking by introducing POSS-V as a chemical crosslinking agent, thereby expanding the potential fluorosilicone applications.
On prediction of characteristics for vertical round buoyant jets in stably linear stratified environment

A turbulence model is used to study the behaviour of round buoyant jets before the point of neutral buoyancy in stably linear stratified environments. The calculation of the centerline velocity, density, turbulent kinetic energy, half-width of buoyant jets and the profiles of turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation function, turbulent shear stress and turbulent heat flux are made for a wide range of exit densimetricFroude numbers and ambient temperature stratifications. A unified scaling law is derived for normalization of these results. The correlation of the predicted results shows that the established zone of buoyantjet in the stably linear stratified environment may be divided into three regions: non-buoyant region, intermediate region and plume region. The variation of centerline velocity, density and turbulent kinetic energy and the spread of velocity half-width along the axial line for both uniform and linearly stratified environments for a given exit densimetric Froude number is found to c.
A moving mesh finite element algorithm for fluid flow problems with moving boundaries

A moving mesh finite element method is proposed for the adaptive solution of second‐ and fourth‐order moving boundary problems which exhibit scale invariance. The equations for the mesh movement are based upon the local application of a scale‐invariant conservation principle incorporating a monitor function and have been successfully applied to problems in both one and two space dimensions. Examples are provided to show the performance of the proposed algorithm using a monitor function based upon arc‐length. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Drive Lipid Peroxidation during Ferroptosis

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is intricately linked to cellular metabolism. In the forefront of research on ferroptosis, the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids has emerged as a key driver of oxidative damage to cellular membranes leading to cell death. Here, we review the involvement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), lipid remodeling enzymes and lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis, highlighting studies revealing how using the multicellular model organism Caenorhabditis elegans contributes to the understanding of the roles of specific lipids and lipid mediators in ferroptosis.
Energetic BEM–FEM coupling for wave propagation in 3D multidomains

Starting from a recently developed energetic space–time weak formulation of boundary integral equations for wave propagation problems, a coupling algorithm is presented, which allows a flexible use of FEMs and BEMs as local discretization techniques. Emphasis is given to theoretical and experimental analysis of the stability of the proposed method. Several numerical results on model problems are presented and discussed, showing that both bounded and unbounded three‐dimensional domains can be efficiently addressed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive Ventilation and Rapid Enteral Feeding Advances in Preterm Infants—2-Year Follow-Up of the STENA-Cohort

The importance of nutritional supply for somatic growth and neurodevelopmental outcome in very-low-birthweight infants is an established medical strategy for reducing long-term morbidities. Our cohort study on rapid enteral feeding advances using a standardized protocol (STENA) previously demonstrated a 4-day reduction of parenteral nutrition. STENA did not impede the success of noninvasive ventilations strategies but significantly less infants required mechanical ventilation. Most importantly, STENA resulted in improved somatic growth at 36 weeks of gestation. Here, we evaluated our cohort for psychomotor outcomes and somatic growth at 2 years of age. n = 218 infants of the original cohort were followed-up (74.4%). Z-scores for weight and length did not differ but the benefits of STENA for head circumference persisted until the age of 2 years (p = 0.034). Concerning the psychomotor outcome, we neither found any statistically significant differences in the mental developmental index (MDI) (p = 0.738), norin the psychomotor developmental index (PDI) (p = 0.122). In conclusion, our data adds important insights on the topic of rapid enteral feeding advances and confirms the safety of STENA with respect to somatic growth and psychomotor outcome measures.
Geometry‐Based Prediction of Solute Transport Process in Single 3D Rock Fractures Under Laminar Flow Regime

Subsurface substance migration in the fractured rock aquifer is mainly controlled by fractures, and prediction of solute transport in fractures is important to many geophysical processes and engineering activities. This study explores the possibility of predicting transport process in single rock fractures from measurable physical properties. For this purpose, we conducted a large number of pore‐scale simulations of solute transport in single 3D rock fractures with different apertures and various degrees of roughness. The numerically‐obtained breakthrough curves under laminar flow regime were reproduced with high fidelity by the classic analytical solution within the framework of macroscopic advection‐dispersion theory. The fitted transport coefficients (hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient and transport velocity) were normalized by the parallel‐plate model's values, and were further parameterized by aperture b and roughness parameter σ/b in form of ωeb/ψ + λ(mσ/b − 1)/bn and 1 − α(σ/b)/βb, respectively. By incorporating these parameterized transport coefficients and the modified cubic law into the classic analytical solution, we proposed a new transport predictive model. This model was adaptively degenerated into the classic analytical solution of parallel‐plate model, and was proved to be capable of predicting macroscopic solute transport only relying on arithmetic‐mean mechanical aperture and its standard deviation, without solving the velocity and concentration fields. By the established model, we quantitatively revealed the impacts of aperture and roughness on the breakthrough curve under laminar flow regime. This study puts a step toward predicting solute transport process in fractured rock aquifers with measurable geometric properties.
Event-Triggered Cooperative Model-Free Adaptive Iterative Learning Control for Multiple Subway Trains With Actuator Faults

This article investigates the issue of speed tracking and dynamic adjustment of headway for the repeatable multiple subway trains (MSTs) system in the case of actuator faults. First, the repeatable nonlinear subway train system is transformed into an iteration-related full-form dynamic linearization (IFFDL) data model. Then, the event-triggered cooperative model-free adaptive iterative learning control (ET-CMFAILC) scheme based on the IFFDL data model for MSTs is designed. The control scheme includes the following four parts: 1) the cooperative control algorithm is derived by the cost function to realize cooperation of MSTs; 2) the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) algorithm along the iteration axis is constructed to compensate the effects of iteration-time-varying actuator faults; 3) the projection algorithm is employed to estimate unknown complex nonlinear terms; and 4) the asynchronous event-triggered mechanism operated along the time domain and iteration domain is applied to lessen the communication and computational burden. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the effectiveness of the proposed ET-CMFAILC scheme, which can ensure that the speed tracking errors of MSTs are bounded and the distances of adjacent subway trains are stabilized in the safe range.
The Role of Family-Level Factors in Childhood Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused pervasive disruptions to family life. In light of the established role of parent-child dynamics in the maintenance of pediatric anxiety, we conducted a multilevel, multimodal study to examine how family-level factors moderate anxious youths’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic (“pre-pandemic”), children with anxiety disorders (n = 28; ages 6-12) completed an fMRI task probing parental modulation of amygdala reactivity to fearful faces. During the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (“mid-pandemic”), parents completed questionnaires about their family’s exposure to COVID-19-related stress, their child’s COVID-19-related fears and behaviors, and their own (parental) functioning. Pre-pandemic parental modulation of amygdala reactivity moderated the association between children’s exposure to COVID-19-related stress and their COVID-19-related fears and behaviors. Furthermore, greater mid-pandemic parental assistance with their child’s use of venting and with their child’s use of expressive suppression as emotion regulation strategies exacerbated the effects of COVID-19-related stress on children’s COVID-19-related fears and behaviors, respectively. These results provide preliminary insight into the ways in which distinct family-level factors may buffer or exacerbate the effects of COVID-19-related stress on youth with a history of anxiety disorders.