Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mortality in ASIA Impairment Scale grade A to D Patients With Odontoid Fracture and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Spinal Cord Injury

Odontoid fractures are common, often presenting in the elderly after a fall and infrequently associated with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). The goal of this study was to analyze predictors of mortality and neurological outcome when odontoid fractures were associated with signal change on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at admission. Over an 18-year period (2001–2019), 33 patients with odontoid fractures and documented tSCI on MRI were identified. Mean age was 65.3 years (standard deviation [SD] = 17.2), and 21 patients were male. The mechanism of injury was falls in 25 patients, motor vehicle accidents in 5, and other causes in 3. Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 40.5 (SD = 30.2), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 13 (SD = 3.4), and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor score (AMS) was 51.6 (SD = 42.7). ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grade was A, B, C, and D in 9, 2, 3, and 19 patients, respectively. Mean intramedullary lesion length was 32.3 mm (SD = 18.6). The odontoid peg was displaced ventral or dorsal in 15 patients. Twenty patients had surgical intervention: anterior odontoid screw fixation in 7 and posterior spinal fusion in 13. Eleven (33.3%) patients died in this series: withdrawal of medical care in 5; anoxic brain injury in 4; and failure of critical care management in 2. Univariate logistic regression indicated that GCS score (p < 0.014), AMS (p < 0.002), AIS grade (p < 0.002), and ISS (p < 0.009) were risk factors for mortality. Multi-variate regression analysis indicated that only AMS (p < 0.002) had a significant relationship with mortality when odontoid fracture was associated with tSCI (odds ratio, 0.963; 95% confidence interval, 0.941–0.986).
CrB-type, ordered α-MnB: Single crystal structure and spin-canted magnetic behavior

Manganese monoboride has a low- (α) and a high-temperature (β) modification, as well as a defect-rich low-temperature variant (α′). The crystal structure (FeB-type structure, s.g. Pnma) and properties of high-temperature MnB are well-known. In this work, single crystals were grown via chemical vapor transport reactions, both of β-MnB and the low-temperature modification, α-MnB. This allowed for determining the crystal structure of defect-free α-MnB [CrB-type structure, s.g. Cmcm, a = 3.0098(6) Å, b = 7.6390(2) Å, and c = 2.94620(6) Å]. Furthermore, α′-MnB, the stacking fault-dominated CrB-variant, was obtained as crystalline powder and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Direction-resolved measurements of the magnetic properties of α-MnB revealed spin-canted magnetic behavior along c and ferromagnetism along a and b with a Curie temperature of 456 K; ferromagnetic β-MnB has a Curie temperature of 568 K.
Physical Activity Intensity Measurement and Health: State of the Art and Future Directions for Scientific Research

Physical activity guidelines for health recommend any type of unstructured physical activity for health promotion. Adults should perform at least 150–300 min per week of moderate intensity or 75–150 min per week of vigorous intensity activities, or an equivalent combination of the two intensities. However, the relationship between physical activity intensity and longevity remains a debated topic, with conflicting perspectives offered by epidemiologists, clinical exercise physiologists or anthropologists. This paper addresses the current known role of physical activity intensity (in particular vigorous versus moderate intensity) on mortality and the existing problems of measurement. Given the diversity of existing proposals to categorize physical activity intensity, we call for a common methodology. Device-based physical activity measurements (e.g., wrist accelerometers) have been proposed as a valid method to measure physical activity intensity. An appraisal of the results reported in the literature, however, highlights that wrist accelerometers have not yet demonstrated sufficient criterion validity when they are compared to indirect calorimetry. Novel biosensors and wrist accelerometers will help us understand how different metrics of physical activity relates to human health, however, all these technologies are not enough mature to provide personalized applications for healthcare or sports performance.
State-dependent signalling in queueing networks

It has recently been shown that networks of queues with state-dependent movement of negative customers, and with state-independent triggering of customer movement have product-form equilibrium distributions. Triggers and negative customers are entities which, when arriving to a queue, force a single customer to be routed through the network or leave the network respectively. They are ‘signals' which affect/control network behaviour. The provision of state-dependent intensities introduces queues other than single-server queues into the network. This paper considers networks with state-dependent intensities in which signals can be either a trigger or a batch of negative customers (the batch size being determined by an arbitrary probability distribution). It is shown that such networks still have a product-form equilibrium distribution. Natural methods for state space truncation and for the inclusion of multiple customer types in the network can be viewed as special cases of this state dependence. A further generalisation allows for the possibility of signals building up at nodes.
Psychological Problems Faced by Nonnatives English Learners: A Perspective of Secondary Level English Learners in D. G. Khan

This study aimed to explore the problems behind the psychological weaknesses of speaking among some nonnative English language learners. The speaking skill was an unused part of a rather silent, nonparticipating classroom practices in the past in educational processes. The nonnative learners of English as a result, have hardly paid any attention to it in foreign language learning practices in a formal education. This has been documented as a developing problem in the practices of the learners in Pakistan at present. The research design was descriptive, based on survey design. The participants of this study were 400 boys and girls at secondary school level studying in Dera Ghazi Khan (D G Khan). The data were collected through a self-developed research questionnaire at five-point Likert scale by applying random sampling technique. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. The study results show that many learners faced psychological problems at high level in speaking English. Therefore, it is recommended that the teachers should promote English speaking through the usage of direct method.
Fabrication and characterization of bioactive composite: A pilot study

The increasing requirement and use of dental implant treatments has rendered dental implantology indispensable in dentistry. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum concentration of calcium silicate to be incorporated into a polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) matrix used as an implant material to enhance the bioactivity and mechanical properties of the composite compared with unmodified PEKK. In this study, different weight percentage (wt%) of micro-calcium silicate (m-CS) is incorporated into PEKK with ethanol as a binder. Subsequently, the mixture is dried in a forced convection oven at 120°C and poured into customized molds to fabricate a bioactive composite via compression molding (310°C, 15 MPa, and 20 min holding time) (n = 5). The mechanical properties and in vitro apatite-forming ability of the composites are investigated. Although an apatite layer is formed on all composites after immersion in simulated body fluid for 7 days, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of the composite increased after the filler load is increased to 15 wt%, whereas it decreased in groups with filler loadings exceeding 15 wt%. The results of this study indicate that the incorporation of 15 wt% m-CS into the PEKK polymeric matrix can improve the bioactivity and mechanical properties of this bioactive composite.
Estimation of Oral Exposure of Dairy Cows to the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol (DON) through Toxin Residues in Blood and Other Physiological Matrices with a Special Focus on Sampling Size for Future Predictions

Evaluation of dairy cow exposure to DON can generally be managed through analyses of feed or physiological specimens for DON residues. The latter enables a diagnosis not only on an individual basis but also on a herd basis. For this purpose, on the basis of published data, linear regression equations were derived for blood, urine, milk, and bile relating DON residue levels as predictor variables to DON exposure. Amongst the matrices evaluated, blood was identified to reflect the inner exposure to DON most reliably on toxicokinetic backgrounds, which was supported by a linear relationship between DON residues in blood and DON exposure. On the basis of this, and because of extended blood data availability, the derived regressions were validated using internal and external data, demonstrating a reasonable concordance. For all matrices evaluated, the ultimately recommended linear regression equations intercepted the origin and enabled the prediction of the DON exposure to be expected within the prediction intervals. DON exposure (µg/kg body weight/d) can be predicted by multiplying the DON residues (ng/mL) in blood by 2.52, in urine by 0.022, and in milk by 2.47. The span of the prediction intervals varied according to the dispersion of the observations and, thus, also considered apparent outliers that were not removed from the datasets. The reasons were extensively discussed and included toxicokinetic aspects. In addition, the suggestions for sample size estimation for future characterization of the mean exposure level of a given herd size were influenced by expectable variation in the data. It was concluded that more data are required for all specimens to further qualify the preliminary prediction equations.
Prevalence of Colonic Diverticulosis among Adult patients with Obesity and metabolic syndrome conditions, a Retrospective Study at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Background: Obesity is a common health problem that restricts people’s daily activities. Many observational studies found that diverticulosis is a common complication for obesity and the prevalence of diverticulosis is increasing. However, the correlation between obesity and diverticulosis remains controversial. Aim: The primary aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and the association between overweight or obesity and the rate of diverticulitis (as diagnosed by CT scans). Methods: Our study was based on reviewing the medical records in a single medical center in Saudi Arabia over a period of 3 years. 342 patients diagnosed with diverticulosis and confirmed by colonoscopy and CT scan were included, with those ages above 18 years old receiving a health examination, measurement of percentage of body fat, blood test and colonoscopy at King Abdulaziz University. Results: Women with body mass index (BMI 30) had a greater risk of developing diverticulosis (PR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.05–2.06) when compared to women with normal BMI. By gender, in patients less than fifty-one, occurrence of colonic diverticulosis was less in female patients compared to males (29% vs 45%, P=.06). However, in older ages there wasn’t clear difference among male and female patients in the prevalence of diverticulosis. Conclusion: 342 patients who underwent screening colonoscopies for diverticulosis, were included in our analysis. We found that the risk of colonic diverticulosis has an obvious correlation to obesity especially in women with BMI 30. When comparing by age, colonic diverticulosis was less predominant in premenopausal-age women compared with similar-age men. These findings may be due to female sex hormones that enhance diverticulosis development. Key words: colonic diverticulosis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Saudi Arabia
Controlling Nano-to-Microscale Multilevel Architecture in Polymeric Microfibers through Polymerization-Induced Spontaneous Phase Separation

Hierarchically structured polymeric fibers, composed of structural nanoscale motifs that assemble into a microscale fiber are frequently found in natural fibers including cellulose and silk. The creation of synthetic fibers with nano-to-microscale hierarchical structures represents a promising avenue for the development of novel fabrics with distinctive physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for creating polyamine-based core–sheath microfibers with controlled hierarchical architectures. This approach involves a polymerization-induced spontaneous phase separation and subsequent chemical fixation. Through the use of various polyamines, the phase separation process can be manipulated to produce fibers with diverse porous core architectures, ranging from densely packed nanospheres to segmented “bamboo-stem” morphology. Moreover, the nitrogen-rich surface of the core enables both the chemisorption of heavy metals and the physisorption of proteins and enzymes. Our method offers a new set of tools for the production of polymeric fibers with novel hierarchical morphologies, which has a high potential for a wide range of applications such as filtering, separation, and catalysis.
The Energy Spectrum of Fronts: Time Evolution of Shocks in Burgers

Abstract Andrews and Hoskins used semigeostrophic theory to argue that the energy spectrum of a front should decay like the −8/3 power of the wavenumber. They note, however, that their inviscid analysis is restricted to the very moment of breaking; that is, to the instant t = tβ when the vorticity first becomes infinite. In this paper, Burgers' equation is used to investigate the postbreaking behavior of fronts. We find that for t > tβ, the front rapidly evolves to a jump discontinuity. Combining our analysis with the Eady wave/Burgers„ study of Blumen, we find that the energy spectrum is more accurately approximated by the −8/3 power of the wavenumber, rather than by the k−2 energy spectrum of a discontinuity, for less than two hours after the time of breaking. We also offer two corrections. Cai et al. improve a pseudospectral algorithm by fitting the spectrum of a jump discontinuity. This is not legitimate at t = tβ because the front initially forms with a cube root singularity and its spectral coeffici.
Governance of Hindu Early Childhood Education Curriculum After Covid-19 Pandemic in Mataram City

The research uses a critical Qualitative Research method that explores the Implementation of Hindu-nuanced Early Childhood Education Curriculum Management in the city of Mataram and the Contribution of Government Policy to Post-Covid-19 Pandemic Curriculum Governance for Hindu-nuanced ECCE in Mataram City and the Implications of Curriculum Policy Implementation on the readiness of Hindu-nuanced ECCE facilities and infrastructure in Mataram City. Based on the results of surveys and research conducted, it is known that PAUD or kindergarten teachers in Mataram City who are Hindus find it difficult to adjust and understand the new curriculum due to differences in situations and conditions of supporting infrastructure for learning activities in schools and the diversity of perspectives on understanding the curriculum so that it is necessary to get socialization, workshops or training related to strengthening the Hindu-based curriculum in order to be able to develop a Hindu-based curriculum well. Thus, it is very necessary for the participation of the Government, PG-ECCE Lecturers, and Stakeholders in supporting curriculum development and motivating ECCE Teachers to further improve their quality and quality in line with the potential and negative impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic so that in the future they are always ready to face a change or when a similar outbreak occurs in the future.
How does the effect of external financing on profitability differ across tiers? Evidence from the automotive supply chain

Due to the importance of automotive industry for the Czech Republic (in a broader sense for European countries) and due to the unprecedented development of both national and European economies caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, also having implications on the financial sector, we aim to explore the main determinants of operating performance within the automotive supply chain. This study is based on the data sample composed of complete individual financial statements (audited if available) of firms conducting their business in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2018 and belonging to the automotive supply chain. This supply chain is defined as (sub) deliveries of the Czech automotive industry represented mainly by companies classified under NACE 22, 27, 25, 24. The hypothesis claiming that the investment and leverage-based variables are the important drivers of operating profitability was only partly confirmed (valid predominantly for Tier 3), which shows that the supply chain organization also plays a crucial role as well as (valid for Tier 1). Also, we have shown (illustrated) that the assumption of different capital structures among tiers is valid. The average overall indebtedness of Tier 3 is higher by approximately 50% (altogether, the short- and long-term leverage are higher by 40% and 62% respectively) than Tier 1 firms. The need for relatively high capital expenditures (applicable to Tier 1) and working capital investments (applicable to Tier 3) is partly facilitated by external funds reflected in the indebtedness, which is associated with the costs reducing overall low profits from these investments. The leverageprofitability relationship seems to be nonlinear for long-term debts contrary to short-term debts where the linear relationship prevails.
Engineering Curriculum Reform Based on Outcome-Based Education and Five-Color Psychology Theory

Innovation in curriculum design at the system level is crucial for nurturing students’ sustainability skills. This study focuses on the teaching reform of a hydraulic engineering construction and management course, taking a sustainable development perspective and achieving a harmonious integration of knowledge acquisition and skill development. A “One Center, Two Platforms, and Three Education” teaching model is devised, incorporating outcome-based education and five-color psychological theory. This model encompasses a student-centered approach, leveraging the Chaoxing platform and a virtual simulation experiment platform while addressing theoretical, practical, and ideological-political education. The study participants consisted of water and hydropower engineering students at the School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University. This teaching model not only enhances students’ learning motivation but also elevates their academic performance. Moreover, the model has yielded notable improvements in students’ overall quality, independent learning abilities, and innovation aptitude. The effectiveness of this teaching model in engineering courses has garnered positive feedback from both graduates and employers, who acknowledge its contribution to enhancing teaching quality and promoting sustainable development in engineering education. Furthermore, this model can serve as a reference for enhancing college education and fostering students’ abilities and ethical standards.
Productivity Dyanamics of Blackgram with Intercropping of Minor Millets on BBF under Organic Cultivation

Background: Intercropping is an important aspect than sole cropping to address the issues of rainfed agriculture as well as organic agriculture under changing climate scenarios and it also helps in the maximization of productivity and profitability by efficient utilization of natural resources like light, land and water. Moreover, intercropping improves soil fertility through atmospheric nitrogen fixation with the inclusion of legumes and helps in soil conservation through the greater ground cover. Health benefits of minor millets are important in human diet and inclusion of minor millets in intercropping system with pulses are important component of organic agriculture. Methods: The field experiment entitled “productivity dyanamics of blackgram with intercropping of minor millets on bbf under organic cultivation’’ was conducted during Kharif season of 2019-22 at certified organic research farm of Centre of Organic Agriculture Research and Training (COART), Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra). Result: In case of blackgram, the crop growth parameters and yield attributes of blackgram were found to be improved with sole cropping of blackgram than intercropping system with minor millets. However, in case of minor millets, crop growth parameters and yield attributes of minor millets were found to be higher intercropping system with blackgram.
Malliavin-Stein Method in Stochastic Geometry

In this thesis, abstract bounds for the normal approximation of Poisson functionals are computed by the Malliavin-Stein method and used to derive central limit theorems for problems from stochastic geometry. As a Poisson functional we denote a random variable depending on a Poisson point process. It is known from stochastic analysis that every square integrable Poisson functional has a representation as a (possibly infinite) sum of multiple Wiener-Ito integrals. This decomposition is called Wiener-Ito chaos expansion, and the integrands are denoted as kernels of the Wiener-Ito chaos expansion. An explicit formula for these kernels is known due to Last and Penrose. Via their Wiener-Ito chaos expansions the so-called Malliavin operators are defined. By combining Malliavin calculus and Stein’s method, a well-known technique to derive limit theorems in probability theory, bounds for the normal approximation of Poisson functionals in the Wasserstein distance and vectors of Poisson functionals in a similar distance were obtained by Peccati, Sole, Taqqu, and Utzet and Peccati and Zheng, respectively. An analogous bound for the univariate normal approximation in Kolmogorov distance is derived. In order to evaluate these bounds, one has to compute the expectation of products of multiple Wiener-Ito integrals, which are complicated sums of deterministic integrals. Therefore, the bounds for the normal approximation of Poisson functionals reduce to sums of integrals depending on the kernels of the Wiener-Ito chaos expansion. The strategy to derive central limit theorems for Poisson functionals is to compute the kernels of their Wiener-Ito chaos expansions, to put the kernels in the bounds for the normal approximation, and to show that the bounds vanish asymptotically. By this approach, central limit theorems for some problems from stochastic geometry are derived. Univariate and multivariate central limit theorems for some functionals of the intersection process of Poisson k-flats and the number of vertices and the total edge length of a Gilbert graph are shown. These Poisson functionals are so-called Poisson U-statistics which have an easier structure since their Wiener-Ito chaos expansions are finite, i.e. their Wiener-Ito chaos expansions consist of finitely many multiple Wiener-Ito integrals. As examples for Poisson functionals with infinite Wiener-Ito chaos expansions, central limit theorems for the volume of the Poisson-Voronoi approximation of a convex set and the intrinsic volumes of Boolean models are proven.
Optimal control of finite dams: discrete (2-stage) output procedure

The problem discussed is that of determining optimal release rates for finite dams when the release rate may take one of two values and specific costs are involved in increasing and decreasing this release rate. From another point of view, this is a problem of controlling the output simply by switching on and off. A diffusion model is suggested and by considering a family of plausible output policies an optima procedure, which minimises the long-term average cost of operating the dam, is established. Various properties of this output policy are given.