Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of irrigation intervals and chemical weed control on optimizing bulb yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.)

: Two field experiments were carried out at the village ten, Abu Humus, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, to evaluate the effect of three types of herbicide and three irrigation intervals on productivity and quality of onion cultivar (Giza Red). The experiments were designed as split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation intervals – (I 1 ) 20 days, (I 2 ) 30 days, and (I 3 ) 40 days – were assigned to the main plots. Herbicides treatments – (H 1 ) Control, (H 2 ) Fluazifop-p, (H 3 ) Oxyfluorfen, and (H 4 ) Clethodium – were distributed randomly in sub-plots. The results revealed that the interaction between herbicide and irrigation intervals had significant effects on productivity and quality of onion (Giza Red) cultivar in both seasons. Maximum onion bulbs yield (14.06 and 14.29 ton/fed) was recorded at (I 3 with H 3 ) treatments in first and second seasons, respectively. (I 2 with H 3 ) led to increase onion harvest index values. The highest value of carbohydrates percentage and total soluble solids (TSS) obtained at {I 3 and H 2 }. Herbicides residues in dry onions bulbs under all treatments were found well below the maximum residue limit set by World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (0.05 mg/kg). In conclusion, the interaction of Oxyfluorfen herbicide and irrigation interval 40 days could be used to improve fresh and dry bulb yield (ton/fed) of onion cultivar, harvest index and water use efficiency (WUE). The treatment of {I 3 (40 days) with H 2 (Fluazifop-p)} could be used to enhance bulb diameter (cm) after harvest, TSS and the percentage of carbohydrates.
Gender differences in post-traumatic stress disorder and depression among Iranian population with substance use disorder

ABSTRACT Background In a review of Iranian studies, no studies have yet to explore a relationship between substance use disorders (SUDs), depression and/or PTSD. In this paper, we report whether the Iranian women and men with SUDs exhibit differences in PTSD and depression. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 600 SUDs patients in treatment. Assessments included socio demographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory II, and the PTSD Checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive, chi-square (χ2) and logistic regression analysis. Results PTSD was 61.5% in the study population. The mean PTSD score was 47.92 ± 12.07 for all men and women. The participants revealed mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms 19.7%, 24.3%, and 32.3%, respectively. Women were more likely than men to be diagnosed with PTSD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.82, 95%CI: 1.19, 2.80) and depression (AOR =1.65, 95%CI: 1.01, 2.77). In addition, marital status and job status were significantly associated with depression and PTSD. Conclusions This study shows remarkably higher prevalence of PTSD and depression in drug using women than their male counterparts. The results illustrate a number of gender differences that may shed light on etiologic models of co-morbid SUDs, PTSD, and depression.
TAX COMPLIANCE: SLIPPERY SLOPE FRAMEWORK AND THEORY OF REASONED ACTION APPROACH

Purpose — This study aims to examine and analyze factors that influence tax compliance using socio-psychological elements. Design/methodology/approach — Tax compliance in this study was examined using the slippery slope framework and theory of reasoned action approach. This study used the quantitative method. The data were harvested through a questionnaire survey and analyzed using structural equation modelling in SmartPLS version 2.0. Findings — This study finds that tax compliance is influenced by legitimacy and coercive power of the authority, trust in the authority, and the taxpayer's intention. Practical implications — Tax authorities should retain the power to maintain trust in the tax revenue that will improve tax compliance. Originality/value — This study develops the slippery slope framework and refines it using intention as the variable, as described by the Theory of Reasoned Action. Keywords — tax compliance; authority’s power; trust in authorities; intention. Paper type — positive paradigm
Metabolomic Characterisation of Discriminatory Metabolites Involved in Halo Blight Disease in Oat Cultivars Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens

The metabolome is the underlying biochemical layer of the phenotype and offers a functional readout of the cellular mechanisms involved in a biological system. Since metabolites are considered end-products of regulatory processes at a cellular level, their levels are considered the definitive response of the biological system to genetic or environmental variations. The metabolome thus serves as a metabolic fingerprint of the biochemical events that occur in a biological system under specific conditions. In this study, an untargeted metabolomics approach was applied to elucidate biochemical processes implicated in oat plant responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens (Ps-c) infection, and to identify signatory markers related to defence responses and disease resistance against halo blight. Metabolic changes in two oat cultivars (“Dunnart” and “SWK001”) responding to Ps-c, were examined at the three-leaf growth stage and metabolome changes monitored over a four-day post-inoculation period. Hydromethanolic extracts were analysed using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to a high-definition mass spectrometer (MS) analytical platform. The acquired multi-dimensional data were processed using multivariate statistical analysis and chemometric modelling. The validated chemometric models indicated time- and cultivar-related metabolic changes, defining the host response to the bacterial inoculation. Further multivariate analyses of the data were performed to profile differential signatory markers, putatively associated with the type of launched defence response. These included amino acids, phenolics, phenolic amides, fatty acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, lipids, saponins and plant hormones. Based on the results, metabolic alterations involved in oat defence responses to Ps-c were elucidated and key signatory metabolic markers defining the defence metabolome were identified. The study thus contributes toward a more holistic understanding of the oat metabolism under biotic stress.
Last chance for wildlife: making tourism count for conservation

Abstract Nature-based tourism offers the opportunity for tourists to see first-hand both wildlife and the conservation efforts of organisations and individuals to protect habitats and species. Whilst recent studies hint that tourism can prompt visitors to provide philanthropic support for conservation, studies to-date have focused on behavioural intentions within specific case studies rather than actual behaviour, thereby limiting generalisability and explanatory scope. Consequently, little is known if and why individuals donate more after nature-based tourism. An online questionnaire, which included both quantitative and qualitive measures, explored key predictors of what triggers tourists to engage in philanthropic behaviour. Through a collaboration with two leading UK adventure travel companies, 924 participants’ travel patterns and donation histories were examined to assess the role tourism plays in prompting new donations. Findings confirm, first, that travel to last chance destinations prompts higher instances of new philanthropy compared to other international and domestic trips; second, that other key factors, including the importance of stronger identity with nature and/or first-time visitation, influence new philanthropic support. Alongside the scholarly contributions, this study provides actionable guidance on how to encourage philanthropic behaviour working with both tour-operators and non-profit organisations.
Nutritional knowledge, eating habits and quality of life of coeliac disease patients

PurposeCoeliac disease (CD) is a lifelong autoimmune disorder and is managed with a strict gluten-free (GF) diet. At diagnosis, an individual's nutritional status is affected by how long CD has been active, their dietary intake, intestinal inflammation and degree of malabsorption. This study explores if age and time since diagnosis affect nutritional knowledge, eating habits and emotional wellbeing of participants.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey using Qualtrics was conducted. The survey consists of 4 sections exploring (1) demographics, (2) nutritional knowledge, (3) eating habits and (4) quality of life (QoL). A total of 162 valid questionnaires were completed.FindingsThose who'd been diagnosed for more than 5 years demonstrated better knowledge about GF or gluten containing products. Social interactions are limited by concerns about becoming ill, unwanted attention and increased financial costs. Eight-eight % of participants would go hungry at social events. Those aged between 40–59 and above 60 years felt more financially restricted compared to younger adults (χ2(4) = 10.73, p = 0.01). Strong emotions were experienced by participants since diagnosed with CD. Anxiety, feelings of concern, sadness, depression and fear have declined and happiness, confidence and being accepting of CD have increased since diagnosis across all years.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first few studies to investigate time since diagnosis and age-related differences in nutritional knowledge, eating habits and QoL of adults diagnosed with CD. Over time, negative emotions could potentially be alleviated with improved knowledge and experience.
ANALISIS EKSPOR INDONESIA TAHUN 1990-2019

Export is an example of international trade activity. The growth of a country can be influenced by the rise and fall of the value of exports. In the long term, export activities will foster domestic industry which in time will increase economic growth through additional foreign exchange as a result of export activities. This study analyzes the influence of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Inflation, and the Official Exchange Rate on the value of exports in Indonesia during the period 1990-2019. This study uses time series data from 1990-2019. The method used is the Error Correction Model (ECM) which aims to determine the existence of long-term and short-term relationships that occur in each variable. The results show that FDI has an effect and is significant on the value of exports in the long run. Meanwhile, Inflation and the Official Exchange Rate have a significant and significant effect on the value of exports, both in the short and long term.
A Comparative Analysis of Weizmannia coagulans Genomes Unravels the Genetic Potential for Biotechnological Applications

The production of biochemicals requires the use of microbial strains with efficient substrate conversion and excellent environmental robustness, such as Weizmannia coagulans species. So far, the genomes of 47 strains have been sequenced. Herein, we report a comparative genomic analysis of nine strains on the full repertoire of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes), secretion systems, and resistance mechanisms to environmental challenges. Moreover, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) immune system along with CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes, was also analyzed. Overall, this study expands our understanding of the strain’s genomic diversity of W. coagulans to fully exploit its potential in biotechnological applications.
Comparative study between sleeve gastrectomy with cruroplasty and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbid obese patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease

Background: Obesity is a worldwide pandemic and one of the most serious public health issues and causes a lot of complications to obese patients as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Bariatric surgery proves more effectiveness for morbid obese patients to lose weight and is demonstrated to include significant and long term remission of obesity related comorbidities. Methods: This a controlled clinical trial study involved 50 patients, who are diagnosed as a morbidly obese patients with GERD grade(A) and (B) by endoscopy according to their BMI (>40) or >35 with one or two of obesity related co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus. Patients were divided into 2 groups, group (A) (25 patients) underwent LSG with cruroplasty, and group (B) (25 patients) underwent LRYGB. Results: There was no statistically significant difference found between the two studied groups regarding EBW loss percentage at 1 month while there was statistically significant increase in the EBW loss percentage at 3 months, 6 months and at 1 year in LRYGB group than LSG with cururoplasty group.
Philosophy of Developmental Biology

The history of developmental biology is interwoven with debates as to whether mechanistic explanations of development are possible or whether alternative explanatory principles or even vital forces need to be assumed. In particular, the demonstrated ability of embryonic cells to tune their developmental fate precisely to their relative position and the overall size of the embryo was once thought to be inexplicable in mechanistic terms. Taking a causal perspective, this Element examines to what extent and how developmental biology, having turned molecular about four decades ago, has been able to meet the vitalist challenge. It focuses not only on the nature of explanations but also on the usefulness of causal knowledge – including the knowledge of classical experimental embryology – for further scientific discovery. It also shows how this causal perspective allows us to understand the nature and significance of some key concepts, including organizer, signal and morphogen. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
An Investigation of the Factors Influencing Community Participation in Forest Management: A Case of Balaka District, Malawi

Forests are vital for the environment through the support which they provide to biodiversity. They also provide cultural, social and economic support to human welfare. Forest degradation is attributed to multiple land uses which include agriculture, human settlement, the use of trees as the main source of energy and other infrastructure development. The main objective of the study was to assess factors that influence community participation in forest management in Kangankundi village forest area in Balaka District, Southern Malawi. Simple random sampling was used to select 100 community members who were interviewed in the study. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22. The results showed positive significant relationship between community awareness and community participation (p = 0.015), and also between economic benefits and community involvement (p = 0.003). Involvement was not af-fected by income-generating activity which showed that (p = 0.781) and level of education (p = 0.535). Community awareness and economic benefits ap-pear to be the main factors influencing community participation. Firewood and bamboos were noted to be the most resource obtained from the forest and beekeeping was also the income-generating activity in the study which is being promoted. It is concluded that community participation is influenced by many factors. The study recommends that youth must be deliberately involved in forest management as opposed to the current participation which is dominated by elderly people. in participation of communities in forest management. This shows that the increase in awareness about the accessibility to the forest benefits also
Kurdish “patriotic” families: an incentive or an impediment to joining the PKK through the generations and according to gender

ABSTRACT Participation in national liberation struggles is often considered to be a “family tradition”. The academic literature has taken up the idea that every Kurdish family should “give a child” to the guerrilla movement. These assertions have rarely been based on qualitative data. To examine the role of family traditions on the militant trajectories of the Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK), we met 64 of its guerrilla fighters from three consecutive generations, encompassing a broad militancy period from the mid-1980s until today. This article highlights the variable impact of primary socialisation processes, in particular, the patriotic family, according to the generations and gender, suggesting that retrospective narratives made by PKK militants themselves reflect reluctance among their family members towards their engagement in the clandestine struggle.
MJO Phase Swings Modulate the Recurring Latitudinal Shifts of the 2020 Extreme Summer‐Monsoon Rainfall Around Yangtse

Considering the unprecedented extremity of the Meiyu episodes in early summer of 2020, here the authors perform a comprehensive study of the intraseasonal evolution characteristics of the observed rainfall round Yangtse as well as the potential modulating effect of Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). Results suggest that the Meiyu rainfall manifests as recurring latitudinal shifts around Yangtse during June–July of 2020, corresponding well to the continued swings of MJO circulation and convection between Phase 1 and Phase 2. The MJO affects the meridional migration of the 2020 Meiyu rainfall mainly through regulating the westward extended ridge line and southwesterly of the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WNP). Specifically, the northeastward propagation of boreal summer MJO from Phase 1 to 2 shifts the ridge line of the anomalous WNP anticyclone northeastward. Consequently, the associated southwesterly anomaly over the southeastern China penetrates to the north of Yangtse and enhances the lower‐tropospheric moisture flux convergence, supporting heavy precipitation there. However, when the MJO swings back to Phase 1, the anomalous southwesterly and moisture flux convergence retreat southward, so does the Meiyu rain band. The present results advanced our understanding of the interactions between the latitudinal shifts of extreme Meiyu rainfall episodes and MJO Phase swings.
Toward digital construction supply chain-based Industry 4.0 solutions: scientometric-thematic analysis

PurposeThe wood construction industry has been described as slow in adapting efficiency-increasing activities in its operations and supply chain. The industry is still facing challenges related to digitalization, such as fragmentation, poor traceability and lack of real-time information. This study evaluates the status of digitalization in construction supply chains by thematically analyzing the existing literature and mapping research trends.Design/methodology/approachA review of the key literature from 2016 to 2021 was performed. The results highlight various technologies and their applications within supply chains and identify research gaps, especially between theoretical frameworks and actual implementation using a scientometric-thematic analysis.FindingsThis paper provides a conceptual framework to further aid researchers in exploring the current trends in Supply Chain 4.0 and its applications in the wood construction industry compared to other more advanced industries. Suggested directions for future research in the wood construction Supply Chain 4.0 are outlined.Originality/valueThe existing literature still lacks a comprehensive review of the potential of a digitalized supply chain, especially in the construction industry. This framework is pivotal to continue explaining and observing the best ways to accelerate and implement Supply Chain 4.0 practices for digitalized supply chain management (SCM) while focusing specifically on the wood construction industry. The literature review results will help develop a comprehensive framework for future research direction to create a clearer vision of the current state of digitalization in supply chains and focus on the wood construction supply chain, thus, fully achieving the benefits of Supply Chain 4.0 in the wood construction industry.
Porous Coatings to Control Release Rates of Essential Oils to Generate an Atmosphere with Botanical Actives

Essential oils have been used in diverse areas such as packaging, agriculture and cosmetics, for their antimicrobial and pesticide activity. The organic volatile compounds of the essential oils are involved in its activity. Controlling their release helps to prolong their functionality. In this study, a functionalized calcium carbonate porous coating was employed to control the release of thyme and rosemary oil in a confined space. The release rate was evaluated at 7 °C and 23 °C, gravimetrically. It was shown that the capillary effect of the porous coating slowed down the release of the volatiles into the headspace compared to the bulk essential oil. A linear drive force model was used to fit the obtained data from both essential oils. The model showed that rosemary reached the asymptotic mass loss equilibrium faster than thyme. This result can be explained by the diverse composition and concentration of monoterpenoids between the two essential oils. Temperature and degree of loading also played important roles in the desorption of the essential oils. It was observed that at high degrees of loading and temperatures the desorption of essential oils was higher. The above-described technology could be used for applications related to food preservation, pest control among others.
Tryptone in Growth Media Enhances Pseudomonas putida Biofilm

Extracellular factors and growth conditions can affect the formation and development of bacterial biofilms. The biofilm of Pseudomonas putida has been studied for decades, but so far, little attention has been paid to the components of the medium that may affect the biofilm development in a closed system. It is known that Fis strongly enhances biofilm in complete LB medium. However, this is not the case in the defined M9 medium, which led us to question why the bacterium behaves differently in these two media. Detailed analysis of the individual medium components revealed that tryptone as the LB proteinaceous component maintains biofilm in its older stages. Although the growth parameters of planktonic cells were similar in the media containing tryptone or an equivalent concentration of amino acids, only the tryptone had a positive effect on the mature biofilm of the wild type strain of P. putida. Thus, the peptides in the environment may influence mature biofilm as a structural factor and not only as an energy source. Testing the effect of other biopolymers on biofilm formation showed variable results even for polymers with a similar charge, indicating that biopolymers can affect P. putida biofilm through a number of bacterial factors.
Examining Potential of Scents for Enhancement of User Performance with Mobile Apps

Intelligent mobile phones, or simply smartphones, have seen a large widespread usage among the entire world population during the last years. These devices are, in fact, considered as an essential tool in our current day to day life activities. Aromatherapy could be defined as the medical usage of essential oils derived from diverse types of vegetables. Although this paper does not look through direct medical usages or benefits, it is focused on one of its main effects, the stimuli to enhance focus. This study makes use of one of the main essential oils, rosemary, as olfactory stimuli over regular users performing a set of tasks with mobile apps. Results of the experimental group, when compared to regular users not affected with olfactory stimuli, aim to suggest that there is not a clear impact on mobile users’ performance. Nonetheless, more research is needed to categorize the effects of aromatherapy on mobile users.