Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Combined Supplementation of AZOMITE and Citric Acid Promoted the Growth, Intestinal Health, Antioxidant, and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila for Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides

Citric acid is an organic acid extensively used in feed industry, and AZOMITE is a hydrated aluminosilicate compound rich in rare earth elements and trace mineral elements. This study investigated the supplemental effects of AZOMITE and citric acid individual or in combination on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, morphology, digestive enzyme activity, serum indexes, and disease resistance of juvenile largemouth bass. Six diets were designed, including the control diet (CON) and the five additive-supplemented diets with the addition of 4 or 8 g/kg citric acid (CA4, CA8), 3 g/kg AZOMITE (A3), and their combined addition as 4 g/kg citric acid + 1.5 g/kg AZOMITE) (C4A1.5) and 8 g/kg citric acid + 3 g/kg AZOMITE (C8A3). Juvenile largemouth bass with initial body weight of 22.01 ± 0.09 g were fed the six diets for 56 days. The results revealed that the combined addition of 4 g/kg citric acid and 1.5 g/kg AZOMITE (C4A1.5) increased weight gain by 7.99% (P < 0.05), and decreased feed conversion ratio by 0.07 (P < 0.05). The protein retention in the C4A1.5 group and the lipid retention in all additive-supplemented groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In serum, all additive-supplemented groups showed significantly higher glutathione peroxidase activity than the control group (P < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the CA8, A3, C4A1.5, and C8A3 groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity in the A3 and C4A1.5 groups, and lysozyme activity in the A3, C4A1.5, and C8A3 groups were significantly increased when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In digestive enzyme, the protease activity in the A3, C4A1.5 groups, and amylase activity in the CA4, CA8, and C4A1.5 groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In intestinal microbiota, Firmicutes abundance was elevated in all additive groups, while the Fusobacteriota and Plesiomonas shigelloides abundance were decreased. In the intestinal histology, the CA8, A3, and C4A1.5 groups showed significantly higher villus height than the control group (P < 0.05). After the infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, the cumulative mortality of all additive-supplemented groups was significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the C4A1.5 group demonstrated the lowest mortality. In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 4 g/kg citric acid + 1.5 g/kg AZOMITE increased the growth, antioxidant, immune capacity, improved the intestinal morphology and microbial flora of juvenile largemouth bass, and promoted the resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.
EFL LEARNERS’ DEPLOYMENT OF DISCOURSE MARKERS IN IELTS ESSAYS: FROM BELIEFS TO PRACTICES

This paper aims at presenting the findings of a study examining the deployment of discourse markers (DMs) in IELTS essays by EFL learners in terms of beliefs and practices. The study involved a group of 60 EFL learners who were taking IELTS preparation courses at an English language center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The research data were gained from questionnaires and 120 IELTS essays (Task 2) written by EFL learners. The questionnaire data were processed using the SPSS software, while the essay data were scrutinized by AntConc software. The findings showed that EFL learners strongly believed in the importance of DMs in writing, and they deployed DMs in their writing at a moderate frequency. Additionally, among six categories of DMs, EFL learners utilized elaborative markers more than other categories of DMs. This paper also presents some pedagogical implications in an attempt to improve the quality of English language teaching and learning in general and English writing teaching and learning in specific at the research context and other similar EFL ones.
Optimization of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process for Forming Porous Ta Scaffold

To improve the performance of porous tantalum (Ta) manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and meet its application requirements in medicine, the authors of this paper studied the influence of L-PBF process parameters on the strut surface morphology and mechanical performance. It was found that the powder layer thickness had a significant influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties based on statistical analysis. We proposed optimal process parameters of laser power of 150 W, scanning speed of 270 mm/s, thickness of 0.05 mm, and scanning spacing of 0.07 mm. After parameter optimization, we successfully obtained Ta samples with an elastic modulus of 1.352 ± 0.007 GPa and yield strength of 53.217 ± 0.114 MPa. The results show that the elastic modulus and yield strength of porous Ta samples with a porosity of 80% under the optimal process parameters are significantly superior to previous studies. The porous Ta scaffolds with higher mechanical properties fabricated with the optimized process parameters of L-PBF have significant value for applications in medicine.
Designing Interactive Electronic Module with Collaborative Team Work in Physics Learning

This study aims to determine the validity, practicality and effectiveness of interactive electronic modules (e-modules) with collaborative teamwork for physics learning. Design e-modules using the Flip PDF Professional application.This development uses the ADDIE development design (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). This research was conducted at senior high school in Purworejo. The test subjects were limited to class X2 with 5 students and a wide trial with 71 students in class X1 class X2. The research instruments used were validation sheets, collaboration skills questionnaires, learning module implementation sheets, collaboration skills observation sheets and student response questionnaires. Study data analysis techniques through validity test, and N-gain. The results of the study obtained: 1) material validation by expert validators obtained an average score of 3.72 in the "very good" category media experts obtained an average score of 3.63 in the "very good" category, so that it was declared very good. 2) the practicality of the media seen from the responses of the students obtained an average percentage of 93.7% in the "very practical" category. 3) the effectiveness of the e-module is seen from the increase in the results of the pre and post collaboration skills questionnaire, namely obtaining an N-gain of 0.68 in the "medium" category. For this reason, the development of interactive e-module with Collaborative Teamwork Learning for physics learning meets valid, practical and effective criteria, to improve students' collaboration skills in Class X senior high school.
Preclinical Orthostatic Abnormalities May Predict Early Increase in Vascular Stiffness in Different Age Groups: A Pilot Study

Clinical orthostatic hypotension (OH) and hypertension (OHT) are risk factors for arterial hypertension (AH) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and are associated with increased vascular stiffness. Preclinical OH and OHT are poorly understood. The main objective was to investigate preclinical orthostatic abnormalities and their association with increased vascular stiffness in different age groups of adults. A specially designed head-up tilt test standardized for hydrostatic column height was used to detect them. Three age groups of clinically healthy subjects were examined. In the group of young adults up to 30 years old, a significant predominance of orthostatic normotension (ONT) and an insignificant number of subjects with preclinical OH and OHT were found. In the age group over 45 years, compared to the group under 30 years, there was a twofold decrease in the proportion of individuals with ONT and a significant increase with preclinical OH and OHT. In all age groups, there was a significant orthostatic increase in vascular stiffness (as measured by the brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which was recovered to the baseline level when returning to the supine position. Overall, subjects with preclinical OH and OHT had significantly higher baPWV values compared to those with ONT (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively), with all subjects having vascular stiffness values within normal age-related values.
Changes in riparian forests in the Kushiro Mire, Japan, associated with stream channelization

The Kushiro Mire, the largest mire in Japan, presently faces the serious problem of turbid water flooding. Shortening of stream channels associated with agricultural development is a major cause of streambed aggradation. This aggradation reduces the carrying capacity of the channel, resulting in sediment laden water spilling over the wetlands in a flood event. Sedimentation progresses with repeated inundation by turbid water, which significantly alters the edaphic conditions, and thereby the composition and structure of marsh forests. Aggradation of the geomorphic surfaces with sedimentation lowers the water level, and increases soil particle size and nutrient status. This situation was clearly displayed in an ordination of canonical correspondence analysis. Among the environmental variables, water level was related most strongly to the pattern of a forest community. Salix species dominated the flood areas, which were characterized by a low water level, coarse sediment, and high electrical conductivity. Alnus japonica, the most common tree species in the Kushiro Mire, favors soil conditions represented by high water table and organic content. A. japonica adapts to a higher water level by developing lenticels with hypertrophied and adventitious roots, multiple sprouting and regenerates vegetatively. Basal areas (BAs) of A. japonica, however, seem to be limited by high fluctuations in water levels, which are amplified by channelization. This raises serious concerns for the integrity of the Kushiro Mire. It is important to implement a conservation plan from a watershed perspective because most problems originate in upper basins. Creating riparian buffer strips, sediment‐filtering wetlands, and restoring the original meandering course may slow down sedimentation in the mire, and thus help to restore the natural hydrological regime. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Volcanic Risk in Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has numerous large monogenetic volcanic fields, known locally as “harrats. ” The largest of these, Harrat Rahat (Figure 1), produced a basaltic fissure eruption in 1256 C.E. with lava flows traveling within 20 kilometers of the city Al-Madinah, which currently has a population of 1.5 million plus an additional 3 million pilgrims annually. With more than 950 visible vents and periodic seismic swarms, an understanding of the risk of future eruptions in this volcanic field is vital.
Barriers and facilitators influencing hearing help-seeking behaviors for adults in a peri-urban community in South Africa: a preventive audiology study

Objective This study aims to examine the barriers and facilitators to accessing ear and hearing care experienced by adults with hearing impairment in a developing South African context. Methods A total of 23 participants were recruited through purposive sampling from an audiology department of a public hospital in peri-urban South Africa. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture a broad range of perspectives. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results Socio-economic factors acted as the primary barrier while structural and health system factors were the main facilitator in influencing participants' journeys toward hearing help-seeking. Conclusion Help-seeking decisions made by adults with hearing impairment are impacted by numerous factors. Individual, providers, and environmental factors combine to play a significant role in resolving ear and hearing complaints. Socio-economic and healthcare level gaps reveal the inequalities that affect help-seekers, which, therefore, need to be addressed. The provision of equitable audiology services within hearing health policy is critical for the prevention of severe consequences of hearing impairment. Plans to implement universal healthcare through the National Health Insurance (NHI) by the South African government must include the universal access to preventive audiology services.
Prevalence of diagnostically-discrepant Clostridioides difficile clinical specimens: insights from longitudinal surveillance

Background Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) is a healthcare-associated diarrheal disease prevalent worldwide. A common diagnostic algorithm relies on a two-step protocol that employs stool enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) to detect the pathogen, and its toxins, respectively. Active CDI is deemed less likely when the Toxin EIA result is negative, even if the pathogen-specific EIA is positive for C. difficile. We recently reported, however, that low-toxin-producing C. difficile strains recovered from Toxin-negative (‘discrepant’) clinical stool specimens can be fully pathogenic, and cause lethality in a rodent CDI model. To document frequency of discrepant CDI specimens, and evaluate C. difficile strain diversity, we performed longitudinal surveillance at a Southern Arizona tertiary-care hospital. Methods Diarrheic stool specimens from patients with clinical suspicion of CDI were obtained over an eight-year period (2015–2022) from all inpatient and outpatient Units of a > 600-bed Medical Center in Southern Arizona. Clinical laboratory EIA testing identified C. difficile-containing specimens, and classified them as Toxin-positive or Toxin-negative. C. difficile isolates recovered from the stool specimens were DNA fingerprinted using an international phylogenetic lineage assignment system (“ribotyping”). For select isolates, toxin abundance in stationary phase supernatants of pure cultures was quantified via EIA. Results Of 8,910 diarrheic specimens that underwent diagnostic testing, 1733 (19.4%) harbored C. difficile. Our major findings were that: (1) C. difficile prevalence and phylogenetic diversity was stable over the 8-year period; (2) toxigenic C. difficile was recovered from 69% of clinically Tox-neg (‘discrepant’) specimens; (3) the six most prevalent USA ribotypes were recovered in significant proportions (>60%) from Tox-neg specimens; and (4) toxin–producing C. difficile recovered from discrepant specimens produced less toxin than strains of the same ribotype isolated from non-discrepant specimens. Conclusion Our study highlights the dominance of Toxin EIA-negative CDI specimens in a clinical setting and the high frequency of known virulent ribotypes in these specimens. Therefore, a careful reevaluation of the clinical relevance of diagnostically-discrepant specimens particularly in the context of missed CDI diagnoses and C. difficile persistence, is warranted.
The Effect of the Use of Digital Technologies in Physical Education Lessons on Students' Physical Education Cultures and Attitudes towards the Lesson

Among the main objectives of the 'Primary School Physical Education Curriculum' is to raise individuals with knowledge, skills and behaviors integrated with values and competencies. In addition, one of the important goals of the Kazakh education system is to provide students with 21st century and related digital skills in all lessons. For this purpose, the current study examined the effect of digital technology and face-to-face teaching practices on students' lesson achievement, skills, attitudes, cultural awareness and value perceptions in primary school physical education lessons compared to traditional teaching. The study was conducted with a control group pre-test post-test design. A total of 60 students attending the 4th grade of primary school took part in the study. In the experimental group of the study, digital technologies supported face-to-face education and in the control group, traditional teaching practices were carried out. The research data were collected with 'Physical Education Lesson Acquisition Test', 'Physical Education Psychomotor Skills Test', 'Attitude Towards Physical Education Scale' and 'Cultural Awareness and Value Perception Scale in Physical Education' measurement tools. The experimental applications of the research lasted 8 weeks simultaneously in the control and experimental groups. According to the findings of the study, significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group in physical education lesson outcomes and attitudes. However, no significant difference was found between the groups in psychomotor skills and value perception.
Impact of altitude on spring macroinvertebrates and water quality in South West region of Cameroon

We evaluated the impact of altitude on the biodiversity and water quality of 13 springs located from 82 to 1,189 m a.s. l. on Mount Cameroon. The springs were of good chemical and ecological quality whatever the altitude. The analysis of the physicochemical variables showed low temperature levels (19.50 ± 2.09 °C), high turbidity (13.0 ± 7.17 FTU), and an acceptable mineralization level (324.95 ± 260.0 μS/cm), with high amounts of phosphate nutrients (0.83 ± 0.47 mg/L). We observed a strong seasonal effect, with a decrease in temperature and nutrient content during the dry season whereas pH and dissolved oxygen increased. A total of 10,265 organisms, distributed into 56 families, were collected. They mostly included insects (47.8%), closely followed by Arachnida (34.8%). Only two stygobite taxa were recorded, namely Darwinulidae and Stenasellidae. Total diversity slightly decreased with altitude, especially during the dry season. Despite lower temperature and more oxygen at higher altitudes, diversity, including EPT did not increase. Therefore, African fauna are less sensitive to rising temperature than the faunas of other areas of the world. This result may be explained either by the fact that African species are better adapted to warm, low-oxygen waters than species from other parts of the world, or by the absence of refuges in Mount Cameroon that are home to temperature-sensitive species. Consequently, the impact of climate change on aquatic macroinvertebrates in tropical Africa could be reduced.
Antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds in Bulgarian Fumaria species

Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria Department of Applied Microbiology, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Centre for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee 32317, USA *Corresponding author
Factors Associated with Early Sexual involvement among Adolescents attending to Out Patient Department Wakiso Health Centre IV in Wakiso

Early sexual involvement refers to having had first sexual intercourse at or below the age of 15years. Early involvement in Sexual activities is a global problem and creates issues for all those concerned about adolescents and their health and well-being. This study assessed for factors associated with early sexual involvement in Sexual activities among adolescents attending Out Patient Department Wakiso Health Center IV, Wakiso District. The specific objectives were to determine the Socio demographic factors associated with early sexual involvement in Sexual activities, to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with early sexual involvement in Sexual activities and to determine the effects of early sexual involvement in Sexual activities among adolescents attending to Out Patient Department Wakiso Health Center IV, Wakiso district. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Wakiso Health Center IV, Wakiso District. The researcher utilized Convenience sampling on 100 respondents using self-administered questionnaires which were filled collected and data analyzed using tables. Based on the findings of the study, age and religion significantly affected the early involvement in Sexual activities among adolescents. Poverty and lack of financial support from parents and relatives led many adolescents to involve in early Sexual activities in search for money to purchase their needs. Unwanted pregnancy (90%) and STI/HIV (70%) were the most significant effects of early involvement in Sexual activities. Parents / guardians should be sensitized about the need to communicate and acquire ways of approach to convey sexual related matters to their children in order to safe guard the adolescents. Strong measures to provide access to improve economic security and reduce levels of poverty among young people should be put in place. Keyword: Early Sexual involvement, Adolescents, Out Patient, Department, Wakiso Health Centre IV.
Efficiency and generalized concavity for multi-objective set-valued programming

The purpose of this paper is to give sufficient conditions of generalized concavity type for a local (weakly) efficient solution to be a global (weakly) efficient solution for a vector maximization set-valued programming problem. In the particular case of the vector maximization set-valued fractional programming problem, we derive some characterizations properties of efficient and properly efficient solutions based on a parametric procedure associated to the fractional problem.
Impact of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine war on the inflation rate of South and Southeast Asia

The financial value of money and the overall stability of an economy are significantly impacted by inflation. To investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war on constant inflation rates in South and Southeast Asian countries between January 2019 and December 2022, this research utilizes monthly inflation rate data from the International Monetary Fund. Autoregressive integrated moving average modeling and prediction of inflation rates and the Bai-Perron method to estimate the structural breakdown of monthly inflation rate series are employed. Graphical methods and theoretical tests are used to diagnose the models, and the Chow test is utilized to assess structural breakdown in the monthly inflation rate series. The findings indicate that the Russia-Ukraine war since February 2022 has a more significant impact on the selected countries than the COVID-19 pandemic during January 2020 to December 2021. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 71(2): 169-175, 2023 (July)
Multifractal analysis of spatial distribution of microearthquakes in the Kanto region

SUMMARY The spatial distribution of earthquakes is a fractal, which is characterized by a fractal dimension. However, if a spatial distribution has a heterogeneous fractal structure, a single value of fractal dimension [e.g. Do (capacity dimension) or D2 (correlation dimension)] is not enough to characterize it. From a multifractal viewpoint, we analysed the spatial distribution of microearthquakes in the Kanto region by using a local density function. Generalized dimensions, D,, of the spatial distribution were calculated from the slopes of generalized correlation integrals, C,(r) versus distance r, on a log-log plot, examining the self-similarity of the spatial distribution of microearthquakes. Self-similar structures are held well at scales from 1.26 to 12.6 km. Our results suggest that the spatial distribution of microearthquakes in the Kanto region is not a homogeneous fractal structure but a heterogeneous one with generalized dimensions D2 = 2.2 h D3 2 - . D, = 1.7. The value of D,, the lower limit of fractal dimension, is the fractal dimension of the most intensive clustering in the heterogeneous fractal set. The fractal dimension of the most intensive clustering of microearthquakes in the Kanto region is 1.7.