Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Breeding Bird Populations to Habitat Changes in a Giant Sequoia Forest

Thirty species from the montane forest formation com- prised most of the breeding bird population of a giant sequoia forest, with a density ranging from 188 to 311 pairs per 100 acres (40 ha). When some 22 tons of living and dead trees per acre in the brush or sapling layer of this forest were eliminated by cutting, piling and pre- scribed burning, the change in character of vegetation and the openness of the low vegetation zone led to changes in species composition but not in total biomass of the avifauna. This was true because thickets of small trees were the least important vegetation for bird feeding or nesting; the upper canopy and understory were most important, followed by the ground and trunk categories. Two species of ground-feeding and. nest- ing birds and a third ground-nesting species disappeared after treatment. Nesting flycatchers and robins increased in numbers. Compared with results from areas where wildfires or logging operations have made sub- stantial changes in cover type and set succession back severely, this degree of habitat modification resulted in relatively small avifaunal changes.
An ocean bottom seismic observatory with near real‐time telemetry

We describe a new technology that can provide near real‐time telemetry of sensor data from the ocean bottom without a moored buoy or a cable to shore. The breakthrough technology that makes this system possible is an autonomous surface vehicle called a Wave Glider developed by Liquid Robotics, Inc. of Sunnyvale, CA, which harvests wave and solar energy for motive and electrical power. We present results from several deployments of a prototype system that demonstrate the feasibility of this concept. We also demonstrated that a wave glider could tow a suitably designed ocean bottom package with acceptable loss of speed. With further development such a system could be deployed autonomously and provide real‐time telemetry of data from seafloor sensors.
Attacks on union organizing Reversible and irreversible changes to the Ghent-systems in Sweden and Denmark

Citation for published version (APA): Kjellberg, A. , & Lyhne Ibsen, C. (2016). Attacks on union organizing: Reversible and irreversible changes to the Ghent-systems in Sweden and Denmark . In T. P. Larsen, & A. Ilsøe (Eds.), Den Danske Model set udefra komparative perspektiver på dansk arbejdsmarkedsregulering : Et festskrif t til professor emeritus Jesper Due og og professor emeritus Jørgen Steen Madsen (pp. 279-302). København: Juristog Økonomforbundets Forlag.
In situ bubble vesiculation in silicic magmas

Abstract Volatile degassing is a major process driving volcanic eruptions. Therefore, a full understanding of mechanisms ranging from bubble nucleation, growth, coalescence, to magma fragmentation is required. We have simulated magma degassing during ascent in the volcanic conduit by depressurizing hydrated haplogranite melts in high-pressure and high-temperature optical cells (a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell and an internally heated pressure vessel fitted with sapphire windows). This allowed the whole process of bubble nucleation, growth, and coalescence to be directly observed in situ through images captured from the recording videos. Bubble nucleation pressures, number densities, growth laws, and characteristics of coalescence were estimated as a function of melt water content, decompression rate, and temperature. Melt/vapor surface tension during bubble nucleation and coalescence was calculated. Our data show good agreement with those previously obtained in classical vessels. Methodological improvements are proposed for the experimental simulation of magma degassing in volcanic conduits.
A BEHAVIORAL THEORY OF THE FIRM: SPECIFICS OF CZECH ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR

The article attempts to present empirically relevant, process-oriented behavioral theory of the ﬁ rm incorporating Czech speci ﬁ c characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior. It conceptually reconciles the reality by looking at the original ideas of ‘A Behavioral Theory of the Firm’ by Cyert and March. Study critically examines available theoretical models of ﬁ rm’s rational behavior investigated in heuristic theories. These models offer an interpretation of entrepreneurial behavior as a product of personal preferences and characteristics. A theoretical re-orientation towards recognition of entrepreneurial behavior is developed and illustrated. Contemporary research outcomes coincide that the emerging, probably eclectic, paradigm strongly emphasizes the role and quality of human capital including the entrepreneur´s skills. Study is based on in-depth qualitative empirical research and subsequently it derives from statistically established theoretical patterns. It explores and explains the way entrepreneurs make economic decisions, their actions and counteractions with business environment, while, at the same time, focusing on Czech speci ﬁ cs. Firms have proved exceptional ﬂ exibility and have succeeded in counteracting and even manipulating the shortcomings and disadvantages of business environment. They have exploited chances and grasp opportunities in spite of additional expenditures that increased their costs. It has been proved that decisions are not made according to designed strategic plans aimed at the achievement of goals and permanent pro ﬁ t increase. Research has discovered that behavioral patterns further offer an access to specialized inputs, discovered relations proved to provide the entrepreneur with access to knowledge and information, even though bounded rationality and imperfect knowledge often lead to satisfactory solution and are typical for Czech ﬁ rms. To create a dynamic economy, which ensures that entrepreneurs can start and develop their businesses, public policy should understand entrepreneurship, support it, provide relevant public goods and motivate it properly.
2017). Intracranial mechanisms for preserving brain blood flow in health and disease.

The brain is an exceptionally energetically demanding organ with little metabolic reserve, and multiple systems operate to protect and preserve the brain blood supply. But how does the brain sense its own perfusion? In this review, we discuss how the brain may harness the cardiovascular system to counter threats to cerebral perfusion sensed via intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral oxygenation and ischemia. Since the work of Cushing over 100 years ago, the existence of brain baroreceptors capable of eliciting increases in sympathetic outflow and blood pressure has been hypothesized. In the clinic, this response has generally been thought to occur only in extremis , to perfuse the severely ischemic brain as cerebral autoregulation fails. We review evidence that pressor responses may also occur with smaller, physiologically ‐ relevant increases in ICP. The incoming brain oxygen supply is closely monitored by the carotid chemoreceptors, however, hypoxia and other markers of ischemia are also sensed intrinsically by astrocytes or other support cells within brain tissue itself, and elicit reactive hyperaemia. Recent studies suggest that astrocytic oxygen signalling within the brainstem may directly affect sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. We speculate that local cerebral oxygen tension is a major determinant of the mean level of arterial pressure, and discuss recent evidence that this may be the case. We conclude that intrinsic intra ‐ and extra ‐ cranial mechanisms sense and integrate information about hypoxia/ischemia and intracranial pressure, and play a major role in determining the long ‐ term level of sympathetic outflow and arterial pressure, in order to optimise cerebral perfusion.
The epidemiology of ‘bewitchment’ as a lay-reported cause of death in rural South Africa

Background Cases of premature death in Africa may be attributed to witchcraft. In such settings, medical registration of causes of death is rare. To ﬁll this gap, verbal autopsy (VA) methods record signs and symptoms of the deceased before death as well as lay opinion regarding the cause of death; this information is then interpreted to derive a medical cause of death. In the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, South Africa, around 6% of deaths are believed to be due to ‘bewitchment’ by VA respondents. Methods Using 6874 deaths from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System, the epidemiology of deaths reported as bewitchment was explored, and using medical causes of death derived from VA, the association between perceptions of witchcraft and biomedical causes of death was investigated. Results The odds of having one’s death reported as being due to bewitchment is signiﬁcantly higher in children and reproductive-aged women (but not in men) than in older adults. Similarly, sudden deaths or those following an acute illness, deaths occurring before 2001 and those where traditional healthcare was sought are more likely to be reported as being due to bewitchment. Compared with all other deaths, deaths due to external causes are signiﬁcantly less likely to be attributed to bewitchment, while maternal deaths are signiﬁcantly more likely to be. Conclusions Understanding how societies interpret the essential factors that affect their health and how health seeking is inﬂuenced by local notions and perceived aetiologies of illness and death could better inform sustainable interventions and health promotion efforts.
Human Capital as a determinant of Women Owned Micro Manufacturing Enterprises in Kaduna

This study examined the impact that a human capital component has upon the employment growth of women owned micro manufacturing enterprises in Kaduna metropolis. The importance of the manufacturing sector cannot be over emphasized especially its importance to employment generation in a labour surplus country like Nigeria where the unemployment rate is in two digits and the inflation rate is also is also high. The following variables are examined, educational status, previous work experience; technical skills; motivation; managerial skills of the entrepreneur. The survey, exploratory method was used because of the advantage of been able to deal with voluminous data and coverage of a wider geographical place.384 enterprise was surveyed. As a result of the findings, the following conclusions are made; employment rate in women owned micro manufacturing enterprises in Kaduna metropolis is positively influenced by the nature of human capital that is found in the area. The strongest point is in the area of technical skills exhibited by the female entrepreneurs while the weakest point is in the area of educational status. The other parameters used for measuring human capital are management skills and motivation; these, the study found to be poor. This situation has far reaching implication for the survival of these microenterprises and their ability to grow into large businesses. The following recommendations are therefore made to address the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Kaduna. To motivate parents and the girl child to graduate from school a well thought out package of incentives such as reduced school fees and a free books programme should be established at all levels of education. The entrepreneurship education in Nigeria should graduate from its current status of too much emphasis on skills acquisition to proper inculcation of entrepreneurial traits. Finally, the establishment of industrial incubators and business development service centers by government and philanthropic individuals where training would be regularly provided at no cost on new technological advancement.
VII.—The Littoral Copepoda (Crustacea) of Inhaca Island, Mozambique

Synopsis This paper deals with a collection of littoral meiobenthic copepods collected at Inhaca Island, Mozambique during the month of September 1963. A total of 135 species of Copepoda Calanoida (1), Cyclopoida (8) and Harpacticoida (126) were found of which 45 are new species and one a new forma. Thirteen new genera are described. The meiobenthos of Inhaca Island is totally unknown and few studies have been made anywhere on the east coast of Africa, the only exceptions being the several researches in the Red Sea and on the island of Madagascar. As the time available was limited and the fauna unknown the major part of the work was devoted to compiling as complete an inventory of the copepod fauna as possible. As far as was possible samples of equivalent size were taken in each habitat and some idea of variation in copepod populations on the different substrates can be estimated, but a more exact ecological approach was not attempted. The fauna proved to be very rich and varied. The greatest number of species and of individuals was found in the detritus sand. In this habitat no one species was super-dominant as was the case in the phytal habitats (algæ and marine grasses) and in clean sand (the interstitial fauna). Due to the lack of information from adjacent areas the zoogeographical relationships of the fauna are difficult to assess. It is possible that many of the new species are quite local. For the established species these new records are of value in assessing their world distribution and the evidence points to many of them being cosmopolitan.
The Southern Oscillation. Part V: The Anomalies in the Lower Stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in Winter and a Comparison with the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation

Abstract The mean anomalies of 50 mb height in the northern winter for seven Warm Events in the Southern Oscillation show a weak polar vortex and an enhanced Aleutian high. In the mean for six Cold Events the polar vortex is unusually strong and the Aleutian high is weakened and displaced far to the southwest. These anomalies are consistent with the corresponding anomalies in sea level pressure pattern. The Warm Events of 1963 and 1982 did not fit this pattern as in both years the polar vortex was cold and intense. These events happened in years when volcanoes injected large amounts of gases and aerosols into the stratosphere and the temperature of the tropical stratosphere became unusually high. In other Warm Events the temperature of the tropical stratosphere was abnormally low. The mean anomalies of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation for the winter as a whole (west minus east phase) computed from years with no Cold or Warm Events are zonally symmetrical and shaped as four concentric regions with alternatin.
Factors influencing oxygen availability.

This review gives an account of some of the factors affecting the transport of oxygen from the lungs until its final discharge in the tissues. The sequence of physiological and metabolic processes to be described may be considered collectively as the 'coarse adjustment' of oxygen transport. The 'fine adjustment' will be discussed in the succeeding chapter which surveys the local factors influencing distribution of oxygen from the microcirculation. Three terms which will doubtless be used more than once during this Symposium are worthy of definition. 'Oxygen availability' consists of two main components: blood flow and oxygen content (which is the product of haemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation). By means of the Fick equation it can be shown that 'oxygen consumption' equates with the product of blood flow and arteriovenous difference for oxygen. Finally, 'oxygen debt' is the term used to describe the ability of certain tissues, notably muscle, to survive for short periods in the absence of oxygen. This factor may be expressed quantitatively as the product of the reduction in oxygen consumption during a period of hypoxia or ischaemia and its duration.
ICT Use by Smallholder Farmers in Rural Mozambique: A Case ICT Use by Smallholder Farmers in Rural Mozambique: A Case Study of Two Villages in Central Mozambique Study of Two Villages in Central Mozambique

This study adds to the empirical evidence of information and communication technology (ICT) use by smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study draws on qualitative data collected from eight focus groups segmented by gender and consisting of adult farmers in two villages, in central Mozambique. Special attention was given to the types of ICTs that farmers have access to and the dissemination of agriculture information through various ICTs. Findings indicate that the characteristics of ICTs explain why cell phone and radio use is prevalent, while access to television remains limited. The type of information accessed also varied by ICT type, implying that innovation characteristics affect not only their diffusion, but practical use. Drawing from the Diffusion of Innovations theory, the characteristics and extent of use for each ICT were examined to understand ICT diffusion better.
Indicators of Perceived Readiness and Attitude of Near-Retirement Apostolic Church Clergy in South-South, Nigeria

A b s t r a c t his study was designed to determine instigators of T perceived readiness and attitude of near-retirement of Apostolic Church clergy in south-south, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey with a population of the study consisted of all the clergy of the apostolic church who are from 40 years and above in south-south, Nigeria numbering 1,490 . The sample size used for the study was made up of 806 clergy drawn with stratified and purposive sampling technique. The instruments used for data collection was Instigators of Perceived Readiness, Questionnaire (IPRQ) , designed by the researcher to elicit information on the sub-dimensions of the independent and dependent variables. To establish reliability, the instrument was administered to 50 clergy analysed with Cronbach Alpha reliability method the reliability index ranged from . 89 to . 97 which implies that the instrument is highly reliability. The data were analyzed using one-way Analysis of variance. Findings among others showed that retirement benefits and financial security have significant influence on attitude of near-retirement clergy. Conclusion and recommendations were drawn based on findings of the study.
GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN MYTILUS EDULIS: THE EFFECT OF HYPERAMMONIA

- The effect of high levels of ammonia on glutamate dehydrogenase activity (GDH) in Mytilus edulis was evaluated. Adductor muscle GDH activity of 3.629 + 0.011 umoles min -1 was found to be similar to that published for other species of bivalves and crustaceans. GDH activity showed a complète dependence on its co-factor (NADH) because no détectable activity was measured in the absence of NADH. The observed excitatory effect of ADP on the reductive activities of adductor muscle GDH indicated a possible regulatory link between amino acid production (for energy metabolism) and protein synthesis (for growth). The insignificant change (P > 0.05) in haemolymph protein levels of M. edulis exposed to hyperammonia found in this study, together with increased haemolymph free amino acids (FAA) levels found under the same conditions in an earlier investigation, suggest the involvement of GDH in the assimilation of exogenous ammonia into amino acids. It is concluded that enhanced GDH activity measured under hype-rammonia, allows mussels to utilise transient increases in ammonia availability by assimilating most of the nitrogen présent. Persistently high ammonia levels, however, may involve alternative metabolic pathways because GDH activity remains constant under prolonged exposure to hyperammonia. It would appear that a complex set of biochemical stratégies have evolved to enable mussels
and Young Infants MR Imaging of Tuberous Sclerosis in Neonates

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The MR imaging appearance of intracranial manifestations in tuberous sclerosis varies with age. The aim of this study was to specify MR characteristics in a coherent group of neonates and infants in order to distinguish them from the mature pattern. METHODS: The MR studies of seven patients under 3 months old were reviewed retrospectively. Imaging appearance, number, and distribution of tubers, white matter anomalies, subependymal nodules, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas were analyzed. RESULTS: All patients had more white matter anomalies, subependymal nodules, subepen-dymal giant cell astrocytomas, transmantle dysplasias, and left-hemispheric and temporal lesions, but less cortical tubers than did older patients in previous series. The lesions were easy to detect as hyperintense foci on T1-weighted images. Visibility as hypointensities on T2-weighted images was comparatively poor. CONCLUSION: The nodular subependymal and linear parenchymal tuberous sclerosis lesions in infants under 3 months old are hyperintense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images as opposed to the reverse pattern of signal intensity in older persons. The scarce myelination helps to identify white matter anomalies, which become less visible as myelination progresses. Conversely, purely intracortical tubers are more difﬁcult to diagnose in infants. Because the overall number and conspicuity of all other lesions in our series were greater than in previous series with older subjects, our ﬁndings indicate that infant age does not compromise, but facilitates, the correct MR diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. Therefore, if tuberous sclerosis is clinically suspected within the ﬁrst 3 months of life, imaging should not be delayed.
LEV4REC: A Low-Code Environment to Support the Development of Recommender Systems

Recommender systems (RSs) are complex software systems that suggest relevant items of interest given a speciﬁc application domain to users. The development of RSs encompasses the execution of diﬀerent steps, including data preprocessing, choice of appropriate algorithms, item delivery, to name a few. Though RSs can alleviate the curse of information overload, existing approaches resemble black-box systems, where the end-user is not supposed to customize the overall process. To ﬁll the gap, we proposed LEV4REC , an initial MDE-based prototype for supporting the mentioned activities needed to conceive an RS from the design phase to the actual deployment of the system, including the parameters ﬁne-tuning. As a ﬁrst step, the user deﬁnes a coarse-grain model that allows the conﬁg-uration of the desired RS, which then can be ﬁnalized by ﬁne-tuning diﬀerent parameters. LEV4REC eventually generates the source code of the RS, being ready for actual deployment. LEV4REC is provided as a plugin extension for two diﬀerent IDEs and an initial web interface. To study the capabilities of the approach, we utilized LEV4REC in curating two existing RSs, which have been designed on top of two diﬀerent algorithms, i.e., collaborative ﬁltering and feed-forward neural network. Experimental results show that our proposed tool can create systems that can provide suitable recommendations, thereby conforming to their original design. LEV4REC is capable of enabling developers to reﬁne the produced system by experimenting with diﬀerent algorithms, experimental settings, and evaluation metrics.
A BISON SKULL FROM LYMAN COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA

During August, 1998, a well-preserved bison skull was found in gully fill on the western bank of the Missouri River. The skull was resting upside down near the bottom of a gully incised into the upper part of the Niobrara Formation. The gully was subsequently filled with poorly sorted unconsolidated material consisting of small to large, poorly-rounded chips of Niobrara chalk in a matrix of tan clay. The gully fill also contains a few chips of the Pierre Shale which crops out at the top of the hill. Sediment in the gully fill surrounding the skull resembles sheetwash deposits. A soil profile with vegetation was developed on the gully fill. The cranium was excavated and jacketed for removal, and later prepared at the New Jersey State Museum. The specimen belongs to a male bison, based on the presence of horn burrs, with a tip-to-tip horn core width (780mm) slightly larger than the published range for Bison bison bison horn cores (510778mm for males). Morphology of the skull is similar to Bison antiquus occidentalis, but its radiometric age is only 710±40 14