Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between interoceptive sensibility, age, and COVID-19 anxiety during the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom

Abstract Objectives: Interoception refers to the multidimensional representation of the internal states of the body, including sensation, appraisal, integration, and regulation. COVID-19 targets internal respiratory, temperature and gastrointestinal systems, thus posing a threat to humans that causes anxiety. Here, we examined the relationship between interoceptive sensibility and COVID-19 anxiety during the first UK national lockdown, when uncertainties surrounding the virus were at their peak.Methods: Between April and July 2020, N = 232 individuals across four age-categories completed questionnaires measuring interoceptive sensibility (BPQ-SF and MAIA-2), an adapted State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess COVID-19 anxiety, and a Perceived Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire.Results: Higher scores on the BPQ-SF were related to higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety, while the MAIA-2 subscales Not Worrying, Attention Regulation, and Trusting of bodily signals were related to lower levels of COVID-19 anxiety. Age was related to lower levels of COVID-19 anxiety yet showed no significant (Bonferroni-corrected) relationship with interoceptive dimensions. Trait anxiety, Not Worrying, perceived quality of work, and COVID-19-related media consumption emerged as significant predictors of COVID-19 anxiety.Conclusion: Findings suggest that interoceptive dimensions differentially relate to COVID-19 anxiety irrespective of age, with implications for managing health anxiety and adaptive behaviour during a pandemic across the lifespan.
Black carbon in marine sediments : quantification and implications for the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract : Sorption is a key factor in determining the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. Here, PAH sorption is proposed as the sum of two mechanisms: absorption into a biogenic, organic carbon (OC) fraction and adsorption onto a combustion-derived, black carbon (BC) fraction. To study BC adsorption, a 375 deg C thermal oxidation method was employed to remove OC and isolate the BC fraction. Test studies showed that nitrogen-containing macromolecules charred during this pretreatment causing a positive bias to the BC measurement. Meanwhile, the oxidation of relatively small BC particles underestimated the total BC content in non-charring samples. Models based on carbon oxidation were then proposed to estimate reasonably the total BC and OC contents of sediment samples. The adsorption of pyrene onto isolated BC particles was then studied by constructing a nonlinear isotherm, which was characterized with a BC-normalized distribution coefficient and a Freundlich exponent. Pyrene sorption to Boston Harbor sediment was then modeled as the sum of OC absorption and BC adsorption using the measured adsorption parameters and literature absorption values. Finally, literature reports of high PAH distribution coefficients from the field and nonlinear PAH isotherms from the laboratory were re-explained by considering BC adsorption.
An automated method for the detection of field line resonance frequencies using ground magnetometer techniques

[1] This report describes an automated method developed to quickly and precisely determine field line eigenfrequencies from ground magnetometer data using the statistical properties of cross-phase and power ratio spectra. This new automated method allows for routine monitoring of field line resonant frequencies, and hence plasma mass density of the inner magnetosphere, with better temporal coverage and over longer intervals than previous studies, which were limited simply due to the time-consuming nature of making selections “by hand. ” To demonstrate the usefulness of the automated procedure, 2 years of data from a pair of magnetometers in the MEASURE array at L = 1.74 were analyzed, and the annual variation in plasmaspheric density was observed. The equatorial mass density reaches a maximum in the Northern Hemisphere winter, and a minimum in summer, with winter values two to three times higher than in summer. This result confirms previous whistler observational studies and theoretical modeling studies.
Carbon and suspended sediment transport in an impounded alpine river (Isère, France)

Carbon and total suspended sediment (TSS) loads were investigated from April 2006 to March 2008 in the mountainous watershed of the Isère River, French Alps (5570 km2). The river bed has been highly impounded for hydroelectricity production during the last century. Hydraulic flushes are managed every year to prevent TSS storage within upstream dams. The Isère River has been instrumented for high‐frequency monitoring of water, TSS by turbidity and carbon (organic, inorganic, dissolved and particulate) in order to evaluate the impact of natural floods and hydraulic flushes on annual loads. Annual TSS load which was estimated between 1.3 and 2.3 MT y−1 (i.e. 233 to 413 T km−2 y−1) highlighted the high erodibility of the Isère watershed. Annual carbon load was estimated between 173 103 T y−1 and 199 103 T y−1 (i.e 31 to 36 T km−2 y−1). About 80% of the annual carbon loads were inorganic. The impact of hydraulic flushes on annual loads appeared limited (less than 3% for annual TSS load and about 1.5% for annual carbon load), whereas the most important natural flood event contributed to 20% of the annual TSS load and 10% of the annual carbon load. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding factors that control seagrass reproductive success in sub-tropical ecosystems

Seagrass cover is declining worldwide, largely due to direct and indirect human impacts. Successful management, conservation and restoration programs require a complete understanding of individual species’ life histories. The historically undervalued importance of sexual reproduction in seagrass population dynamics prompted speciesspecific investigations of reproductive phenology and output. Here, I present the results of a study monitoring the reproductive phenology and output of three dominant seagrass species in the northwest Gulf of Mexico: turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum), shoal grass (Halodule wrightii) and widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima). I assessed flowering, fruit production, seed output, seed reserve density and plant biomass in several locations along the central Texas coast and in eastern Mississippi during the reproductive seasons of these three species. Results suggest that reproductive timing and output are heterogeneous over both small and large spatial scales and between years. The percent of flowering and fruit-bearing turtle grass shoots ranged from 0 to 15% and 0 to 10%, respectively and fruit densities ranged from 0 to 180 fruit m -2 . High density patches of shoal grass (611 seeds m -2 ) and widgeon grass (306 seeds m -2 ) seed reserves were found in some areas; densities also differed substantially among sites in Texas and Mississippi. The factors that influence reproductive timing and output for these species are not completely understood at this time, but are likely related to local environmental conditions and also under genetic control. Results from this study can serve to improve
Geological setting of the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake, New Zealand

Abstract The 1987 March M L 6. 3 Edgecumbe earthquake occurred at shallow depth within the Whakatane Graben at the northeastern end of the onshore Taupo Volcanic Zone. The graben has formed where the north-south-trending North Island Shear Belt is intersected by the northeast-trending rift of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, and has been the site of continuing late Quaternary extension and subsidence. A history of displacement relative to sea level can be deduced from stratigraphy of drillholes on the downfaulted graben floor, and from outcrops of marine sediments on the uplifted graben margins. Subsidence had commenced before 0. 6 Ma (possibly at c. 1 Ma) and has continued to the present day at rates of c. 1–2 mm/year. Uplift of the western margin had commenced prior to 0. 4 Ma and the entire western rim was above sea level by c. 0. 3 Ma. Castlecliffian (mid Quaternary) marine sediments have been elevated to more than 300 m above present sea level, indicating long-term uplift rates of c. 1 mm/year. Uplift of the.
miR-130 Suppresses Adipogenesis by Inhibiting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (cid:1) Expression (cid:1)

Adipose tissue development is tightly regulated by altering gene expression. MicroRNAs are strong post- transcriptional regulators of mammalian differentiation. We hypothesized that microRNAs might inﬂuence human adipogenesis by targeting speciﬁc adipogenic factors. We identiﬁed microRNAs that showed varying abundance during the differentiation of human preadipocytes into adipocytes. Among them, miR-130 strongly affected adipocyte differentiation, as overexpressing miR-130 impaired adipogenesis and reducing miR-130 enhanced adipogenesis. A key effector of miR-130 actions was the protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (cid:1) (PPAR (cid:1) ), a major regulator of adipogenesis. Interestingly, miR-130 potently repressed PPAR (cid:1) expression by targeting both the PPAR (cid:1) mRNA coding and 3 (cid:1) untranslated regions. Adipose tissue from obese women contained signiﬁcantly lower miR-130 and higher PPAR (cid:1) mRNA levels than that from nonobese women. Our ﬁndings reveal that miR-130 reduces adipogenesis by repressing PPAR (cid:1) biosynthesis and suggest that perturbations in this regulation is linked to human obesity. MicroRNA qPCR array using the hsa-miRNome microRNA proﬁling kit (System Biosciences) to examine miRNA expression in preadipocytes and adipocytes from two different donors. Two micrograms of RNA was reverse transcribed using the QuantiMir RT kit (System Biosciences), and miRNA proﬁling was performed by qPCR using microRNA-speciﬁc primers and SYBR PCR master (Applied Biosystems). Expression levels in samples were normalized to expression. change ex- pression level of microRNAs
Inhibition of tryptophan-dioxygenase activity increases the anti-tumor efficacy 1 of immune checkpoint inhibitors 2

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is an enzyme that degrades tryptophan into kynurenine 40 and thereby induces immunosuppression. Like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), TDO is 41 considered as a relevant drug target to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. 42 However, its role in various immunotherapy settings has not been fully characterized. Here we 43 describe a new small molecule inhibitor of TDO that can modulate kynurenine and tryptophan 44 in plasma, liver and tumor tissue upon oral administration. We show that this compound 45 increases the ability of checkpoint inhibitor anti-CTLA4 to induce rejection of CT26 tumors 46 expressing TDO. To better characterize TDO as a therapeutic target, we also used TDO-KO 47 mice and found that checkpoint inhibitors anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 induced rejection of MC38 48 tumors in TDO-KO but not in wild-type mice. Because MC38 tumors did not express TDO, we 49 related this to the high systemic tryptophan levels in TDO-KO mice, which lack hepatic TDO 50 needed to contain blood tryptophan. The effect of anti-PD1 was abolished in TDO-KO mice 51 fed with a tryptophan-low diet that normalized their blood tryptophan level. Treatment of mice 52 with an IDO1 inhibitor improved the efficacy of anti-PD1 in wild-type but not in TDO-KO mice. 53 MC38 tumors express IDO1, whose activity limits the efficacy of anti-PD1 in wild-type mice but 54 appears to be overcome in TDO-KO mice due to the high levels of tryptophan. These results 55 support the clinical development of TDO inhibitors to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy, 56 and suggest their use even in the absence of TDO expression at the tumor site. clinical development of TDOi, which is ongoing. However, very few other studies have characterized the immunosuppressive role of TDO in cancers, which therefore remains much less known than that of IDO1. In particular, the immune effects of the modulation of systemic Trp by TDO inactivation have not been addressed. In this report, we further describe the role of TDO in modulating anti-tumor immune responses, using a novel TDOi as well as TDO-KO 120 mice, and assessing the anti-tumor efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. In a companion report, we characterize the expression of TDO in human tumors and normal tissues and define the TDO- expressing cell types and their impact on T-cell infiltration (40). These studies will help better define the place of TDOi in cancer immunotherapy. These results indicate by homeostasis blood levels tryptophan, while blood kynurenine is exclusively by the
Molecular insights into farm animal and zoonotic Salmonella infections

Salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen of worldwide importance. Infections may present in a variety of ways, from asymptomatic colonization to inflammatory diarrhoea or typhoid fever depending on serovar- and host-specific factors. Human diarrhoeal infections are frequently acquired via the food chain and farm environment by virtue of the ability of selected non-typhoidal serovars to colonize the intestines of food-producing animals and contaminate the avian reproductive tract and egg. Colonization of reservoir hosts often occurs in the absence of clinical symptoms; however, some S. enterica serovars threaten animal health owing to their ability to cause acute enteritis or translocate from the intestines to other organs causing fever, septicaemia and abortion. Despite the availability of complete genome sequences of isolates representing several serovars, the molecular mechanisms underlying Salmonella colonization, pathogenesis and transmission in reservoir hosts remain ill-defined. Here we review current knowledge of the bacterial factors influencing colonization of food-producing animals by Salmonella and the basis of host range, differential virulence and zoonotic potential.
Effects of the synthetic estrogen 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol on the life-cycle of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).

A fish full life-cycle (FFLC) study was conducted for 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) using the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Newly fertilized embryos (< 24 h old) were exposed to five concentrations of EE2 (0.2, 1.0, 4.0, 16, and 64 ng/L nominal) in continuous flow-through conditions for 305 d at 25 +/- 1 degrees C. Exposure concentrations were verified by 14C-EE2 radiochemistry, supported by radioimmunoassay, and mean measured values were > or = 70% of nominal. For the F0 adult phase until 301 d posthatch, the no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) for growth, survival, and reproduction (as egg production) were all > or = 1.0 ng/L. The NOEC values for F1 embryo hatching success and larval survival (at 28 d posthatch) were both > or = 1.0 ng/L. While statistically detectable changes in F1 growth were evident at 0.2 ng/L, these were not considered to be biologically significant when compared with historical control data. Male fish exposed to EE2 at 4.0 ng/L failed to develop normal secondary sexual characteristics; on the other hand, assumed females exposed to this level of EE2 were able to breed when paired with males that had not been exposed to EE2. Histology of F0 control, 0.2-, and 1-ng/L exposed fish at 56 d posthatch indicated an approximate female-to-male (F:M) sex ratio of 50:50 (with no ovatestes observed in the control), while fish exposed to EE2 at 4.0 ng/L for 56 d posthatch had a F:M sex ratio of 84:5 (with ovatestes in 11% of fish). After 172 d posthatch, no testicular tissue was observed in any fish exposed to EE2 at 4.0 ng/L. At the same time point, plasma vitellogenin levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to EE2 at 16 ng/L. A lack of sexual differentiation occurred in males at concentrations > or = 4.0 ng/L. Taking into account these data, the overall no-observed-adverse-effect concentration was considered to be 1.0 ng/L.
Diffusion of NOx and HONO in snow: A laboratory study

[1] The diffusion of trace gases in snow and firn is a crucial process for snow-atmosphere interactions and air mixing in firn. It is very sensitive to interactions of the trace gas with the ice surface. We developed an experimental setup to measure the effective diffusion constant of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and the highly soluble nitrous acid (HONO). The method combines X-ray microtomography and a radioactive tracer technique: tomography provides the microscopic configuration of the pore space as well as the amount of ice surface accessible for the gas, while radioactively labeled molecules reveal the dynamics of diffusion. Bringing together the precise characterization of snow microstructure and the dynamics of tracer diffusion, the partitioning between gas phase and ice can be studied. We present results measured in two different snow types, fresh snow and aged, rounded snow. The fast diffusion of NO and NO2 was measured by analyzing the temporal evolution of their gas phase concentration downstream of the snow samples. The effective diffusivity of HONO could be directly measured from the steady state migration profiles of radioactively labeled HO13NO molecules. The measured effective diffusion constants of NO and NO2 agree well with the theory of diffusion in porous media. This underlines that tomography may be used to map diffusivity in snow or firn with high spatial resolution. Owing to the interactions of HONO with ice, the effective diffusion constant of HONO was 2 to 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the diffusivity in air.
Presence of EBV DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid is Associated with Greater HIV RNA and Inflammation

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On the origin and evolutionary consequences of gene body DNA methylation

Significance DNA methylation in plants is found at CG, CHG, and CHH sequence contexts. In plants, CG DNA methylation is enriched in the transcribed regions of many constitutively expressed genes (gene body methylation; gbM) and shows correlations with several chromatin modifications. Contrary to other types of DNA methylation, the evolution and function of gbM are largely unknown. Here we show two independent concomitant losses of the DNA methyltransferase CHROMOMETHYLASE 3 (CMT3) and gbM without the predicted disruption of transcription and of modifications to chromatin. This result suggests that CMT3 is required for the establishment of gbM in actively transcribed genes, and that gbM is dispensable for normal transcription as well as for the composition and modification of plant chromatin. In plants, CG DNA methylation is prevalent in the transcribed regions of many constitutively expressed genes (gene body methylation; gbM), but the origin and function of gbM remain unknown. Here we report the discovery that Eutrema salsugineum has lost gbM from its genome, to our knowledge the first instance for an angiosperm. Of all known DNA methyltransferases, only CHROMOMETHYLASE 3 (CMT3) is missing from E. salsugineum. Identification of an additional angiosperm, Conringia planisiliqua, which independently lost CMT3 and gbM, supports that CMT3 is required for the establishment of gbM. Detailed analyses of gene expression, the histone variant H2A.Z, and various histone modifications in E. salsugineum and in Arabidopsis thaliana epigenetic recombinant inbred lines found no evidence in support of any role for gbM in regulating transcription or affecting the composition and modification of chromatin over evolutionary timescales.
Glacial Rebound Sea-Level Change and Mantle Viscosity

There are some problems in geophysics that just will not go away. Each time the problem is believed to be resolved, new conflicting observations are found or contradictions in interpretations or theory are discovered. The phenomenon of glacial rebound and concomitant variation in sea-level is one of these. Another example is the secular acceleration of the Earth and the dynamical evolution of the Earth-Moon system. Jeffreys wrote major papers on the second problem but, curiously, he made no contributions to the former debate. This is despite the fact that glacial rebound provides a major source of information on a problem that much preoccupied him, namely the rheology of the mantle. Both problems have continued to attract considerable attention from geophysicists, partly because their solution requires one to examine evidence from a wide variety of sources. For example, to study glacial rebound is to study the growth and decay of the great ice sheets that periodically covered northern Europe and North America throughout Pleistocene time. It is to study the response of the solid Earth to the time-dependent and spatially variable surface load consisting of the waxing and waning ice sheets and the associated exchange of mass with the oceans. It is to study the Late Pleistocene and Holocene geomorphological evidence and the recent tide gauge records for sea-level variations along continental margins and ocean islands. It is to study the tectonics of these shorelines and the judgements of what deformation is produced by glacial rebound and what is the result of crustal tectonic subsidence or uplift of the crust. A second reason why this phenomenon attracts much attention is that the effects of the Pleistocene ice sheets on the surface of the world have been many and profound. They include the morphological shaping of those large continental areas that were subjected to successive cycles ofglaciation and deglaciation. They include the major oscillations in sealevel which affected the deposition ánd erosion of coastal sediments around the world. They include the deformation of the not-so-solid Earth, producing changes in this planet's mass distribution thereby causing it to wobble and rotate irregularly and producing perturbations in the trajectories of close satellites orbiting the planet. The glacial rebound problem is hardly a new one. T.F. Jamieson in 1865 suggested that the many elevated shorelines in northern Europe and North America were indicative of the Earth's adiustment to the removal of the Late