Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEASONAL PATTERNS OF METAL ACCUMULATION IN ARCTIC CHAR (SALVELINUS ALPINUS) FROM AN OLIGOTROPHIC ALPINE LAKE RELATED TO TEMPERATURE

Cd and Pb concentrations in the liver, kidney, and stomach contents of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from an oligotrophic high mountain lake (Schwarzsee ob Solden Tyrol, Austria) with low pH (4.8 to 6.4) and alkalinity (-8 to +8 μequiv.·L -1 ) were investigated over the course of 1 year. Peak concentrations of Cd and Pb in the water coincided with the drop of pH during snowmelt, whereas metal concentrations in liver and kidney were lowest at the end of winter and increased during summer. Furthermore, the Cd and Pb load of the food was considerably higher in winter than during summer. Thus, fluctuations in the metal levels in fish did not correlate with seasonal variations in the metal concentrations in lake water or in the diet. Rather, patterns of metal accumulation in the fish indicated that enhanced metal uptake was a consequence of increasing metabolic rates during summer. Thus, water temperature appeared to be the driving force of metal accumulation in fish from an oligotrophic lake. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in liver and kidney were positively correlated to age. A simple empirical model illustrates the ability of the fish to eliminate considerable amounts of accumulated metals. Resume : On a etudie pendant 1 an les concentrations de Cd et de Pb dans le foie, les reins et le contenu de l'estomac d'ombles chevaliers (Salvelinus alpinus) provenant d'un lac oligotrophe de montagne situe en altitude (Schwarzsee ob Solden Tyrol, Autriche), dont l'eau presentait un faible pH (4,8 a 6,4) et une faible alcalinite (-8 a +8 μequiv.·L -1 . Les concentrations maximales de Cd et de Pb dans l'eau coincidaient avec la chute du pH pendant la fonte nivale, tandis que les concentrations d'especes metalliques dans le foie et les reins etaient au minimum a la fin de l'hiver et augmentaient durant l'ete. De plus, la charge de Cd et de Pb dans les aliments etait considerablement plus elevee a l'hiver qu'a l'ete. Il n'y avait pas de correlation entre ces fluctuations de concentrations d'especes metalliques dans les poissons et les variations saisonnieres des concentrations de metaux dans l'eau du lac ou dans la nourriture. Les modes d'accumulation de metaux dans le poisson indiquaient plutot que c'etait l'accroissement des taux metaboliques durant l'ete qui etait a l'origine de l'absorption accrue de metaux. La temperature de l'eau serait donc responsable, semble-t-il, de l'accumulation d'especes metalliques dans les poissons des lacs oligotrophes. Il y avait une correlation positive entre l'âge et les concentrations de Cd et de Pb dans le foie et les reins. Un simple modele empirique permet de montrer que les poissons peuvent eliminer des quantites considerables de metaux accumules. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Wood-inhabiting fungi on fallen logs of Norway spruce: relations to forest management and substrate quality

A survey of the patterns of wood decaying fungi as to occurrence of sporocarps on naturally fallen logs of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was undertaken in two nearby forest stands with different histories of management. One stand was an old-growth forest with few signs of logging, and the other stand was selectively logged 60–80 years ago. Altogether 118 species were found. Forest management had a negative impact on the species diversity. Newly fallen and weakly decayed logs in a natural forest had a higher species richness, more red-listed species, as well as more indicator species compared to similar logs in a managed forest. The importance of dead wood for species diversity of wood inhabiting fungi was clearly demonstrated. Presence of logs in later stages of decomposition increased the total species number in a natural forest stand with 42 (63 %), compared to a survey of only newly fallen and weakly decayed logs. Presence of logs in later stages of decomposition also increased the diversity of the species pool colonising newly fallen and weakly decayed logs. The highest number of fruiting species was found on intermediately decayed logs and on logs lying in contact with the ground. The fungal gradient as revealed in a DCA ordination was primarily related to decay. A successional pathway based on the primary decayer Fomitopsis pinicola was not detected.
VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression is correlated with lymphatic vessel density and lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Implications for use as a prognostic marker

The prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is influenced by the presence of lymph node metastasis. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in association with lymph node metastasis in oral SCC. Oral SCC biopsy specimens (160 cases) were examined for lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D immunohistochemically. The levels of VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression and LVD were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p<0.001). The expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D increased the LVD significantly (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that VEGF-C expression and LVD were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p<0.001). This study presents clinical evidence for the important roles of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of oral SCC, and suggests that VEGF-C or LVD can effectively predict lymphatic metastasis of oral SCC.
Protection of Brassica seedlings against downy mildew and damping‐off by seed treatment with CGA 245704, an activator of systemic acquired resistance

Control of seedling diseases is a major priority in many crop systems. Seed treatments that induce systemic resistance after seedling emergence may be an ideal way to provide protection against disease during the establishment of the crop. CGA 245704, a chemical activator of systemic acquired resistance, was tested as a seed treatment against two Brassica diseases with contrasting infection biologies, the airborne downy mildew pathogen, Peronospora parasitica, and the soilborne fungus, Rhizoctonia solani. Seeds of two Brassica spp. were either imbibed with various concentrations of the compound or imbibed and then dried. Both the imbibition treatment alone and the imbibition treatment followed by seed drying had a significant effect on the sporulation intensity of P. parasitica for all concentrations of the compound used, whereas the imbibition treatment provided some control of damping-off caused by R. solani, with the degree of control being highly dependent on the concentration applied to the seed. Seed treatment with the plant activator CGA 245704 might therefore simultaneously control several seedling diseases, thereby providing a novel option for management of these diseases. © 1998 SCI.
Influence of Water Deficit on Leaf Cuticular Waxes of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate leaf cuticular wax constituents across a broad selection of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivars and their response to drought stress. Water deficit was imposed on 18 soybean cultivars by withholding irrigation for 10 d after the postflowering stage (R2 and R3 periods), and the effect on leaf waxes and seed yield was assessed by comparison with a well‐watered control. Leaf cuticular waxes were dominated by alkanes and triterpenoids, averaging 28% and 39% of total wax amount, respectively, with primary alcohols being the next most abundant class. The components of soybean leaf cuticular waxes were quite similar, but there were quantitative differences between the cultivars studied. Compared to well‐irrigated plants, all drought‐treated cultivars except DC exhibited a significant increase in wax amount. When expressed as an average across all cultivars, drought treatment caused a 30% increase in the total wax amount, with a corresponding 59% increase in alkanes, a 16% increase in primary alcohols, a 15% increase in triterpenoids, and a 26% increase in the total of unknowns. In all cultivars, the major alkane constituents were the C27, C29, C31, and C33 homologues, whereas the major primary alcohols were the C30 and C32 homologues, and drought exposure had only minor effects on the chain length distribution within these and other wax classes. Triterpenoid constituents were identified as 3‐keto‐olean‐12‐ene, lupenone, lupeol, α‐amyrin, and β‐amyrin, and each of these showed small quantitative changes after drought. Drought stress caused a large decrease in seed yield but did not affect 100‐seed mass, showing that soybean responds to postflowering drought by reducing seed numbers but not seed size. Seed yield was inversely correlated with wax amount after drought treatment, indicating that drought induction of leaf wax deposition does not contribute directly to seed set. This study sheds new light on our understanding of the relationship between soybean leaf wax induction and seed development in a water‐limiting environment.
Nest use by the common goby Pomatoschistus microps in Camargue (France)

Nest site use by the common goby, Pomatoschistus microps was investigated in the Malagroy lagoon (France, Camargue) during a complete breeding season. Male common gobies seemed to select their nests in relation to their size, as a positive relationship between male total length and nest area was found. No significant relationship was found between the number of eggs in a nest and the size of nesting male, suggesting that female common goby did not show a preference for larger males. Nests containing two distinct eggs clutches were observed for the first time. The percentage of double clutched nests was relatively high in June-July, when only young-of-the-year common gobies were observed to reproduce. Large nesting males reproduced first in the season (in February- March), but they were not observed to reproduce again in July. Instead they were replaced by small males born early in spring.
The Effect of Litigation Risk on Accounting Conservatism, Leverage & Managerial Ownership as Moderation

Pressures in the competitive business world, directly or indirectly result in companies doing earnings management, conflicts of interest that result in accounting conservatism menyaebabkan tendency economically shareholdersto file a lawsuit (litigation). This study was conducted to examine the effect of the litigation risk accounting conservatism with leverage and managerial ownership as a moderating variable. The population in this study is the retail trading company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. Sampling was purposive sampling method to obtain 21 companies for 5 years. In this study, the type of data is quantitative data, to test the three hypotheses using path analysis with WarpPLS. Based on the results of the analysis indicate that the litigation risk variables affect the accounting conservatism, moderate leverage variable risk of litigation against accounting conservatism, while managerial ownership variable is not moderating variable between the risk of litigation againts accounting conservatism.
Seasonal patterns and diets of wild fish assemblages associated with Mediterranean coastal fish farms

Fish are attracted to floating structures, including coastal cage fish farms, sometimes in dense aggregations. To understand better the influence of aquaculture on wild fish stocks, we carried out seasonal visual censuses around three southwestern Mediterranean farms over 2 years to assess the temporal patterns of the aggregated fish assemblage. In addition, we analysed the diet of the five most abundant species. Aggregations around all farms were large throughout the year, although species composition and abundance differed among farms and seasons. Fish farms are attractive habitats for certain species of wild fish in specific seasons. Adult fish of reproductive size dominated the assemblages, and stomach content analysis revealed that 66–89% of fish of the five most abundant taxa had consumed food pellets lost from the cages. We estimated that wild fish consume up to 10% of the pellets used at farms, indicating that food is a key attractant. Regional monitoring of farm-associated wild fish assemblages could aid management of the interaction of aquaculture and wild fish resources, because changes in feeding behaviour may have consequences for fish populations and local fisheries.
Effects of Planting Date for Soybean Growth, Development, and Yield in the Southern USA

As fluctuating commodity prices change the agriculture landscape on a yearly basis, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) has become the predominant crop in the southern USA, accounting for 65 percent of the total row crop production in the state. To accommodate increased soybean production, planting dates have expanded, spanning from late March through July. To determine the impact of this expanded planting window on soybean development and yield, field experiments were conducted at Starkville and Stoneville, MS, in 2013 and 2014. Treatments included seven planting dates ranging from 25 March to 15 July and two soybean cultivars (one Maturity Group IV and one Maturity Group V cultivar). These studies were conducted in irrigated high––yielding environments. Experimental units were sampled weekly for insect pests and insecticides were applied when populations exceeded the levels at which applications were recommended. Planting date had a significant impact on crop development, plant height, canopy closure, and yield. As planting date was delayed, the time required for crop development decreased from 122 total days for plantings on 25 March to 83 days for plantings on 15 July. For plantings after 2 June, plant height decreased by 1.1 cm per day. Canopy closure decreased by 1.01% per day after 27 May. Soybean yield decreased 26.7 kg/ha per day when soybean was planted after 20 April. This research demonstrates the importance of early planting dates for soybean producers in the southern US to ensure profitability by maximizing yield potential.
Variabilité intraspécifique chez le pin maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait) dans le sud-est de la France. II: hétérosis et combinaison de caractères chez des hybrides interraciaux

Cet article presente des resultats a 8, 9 et 13 ans d'une experience d'hybridation interraciale effectuee selon un schema diallele entre 10 provenances de pin maritime dans le sud-est de la France. L'analyse diallele revele une part majoritaire des effets d'aptitude specifique a la combinaison pour des caracteres de vigueur (hauteur et diametre), de forme (coefficient de forme) et de branchaison (angle d'insertion des branches). Les effets d'aptitude generale sont, en revanche, predominants pour l'ecart a la verticalite basale et la sensibilite a Matsucoccus feytaudi. L'essentiel de la variance genetique semble se localiser au niveau hybride de provenances, l'effet famille dans hybride etant non significatif pour la plupart des caracteres. Un nombre important d'hybrides manifestent un heterosis pour la vigueur et la forme mais presentent des performances intermediaires pour la sensibilite au ravageur. La preponderance des effets d'aptitude specifique et la differenciation des provenances (mise en evidence dans une etuve anterieure) ne semblent pas pouvoir expliquer totalement la frequence elevee de cas d'heterosis. D'autres hypotheses sont entrevues pour discuter la reponse heterotique observee. Les hybrides Tamjout x Leiria, Tamjout x Cazorla et Tamjout x Vivario, compares au temoin local, combinent vigueur, forme et bonne resistance a l'insecte
Households from developing countries do not sort their solid waste: truth or myth?

By practicing solid waste source separation, some materials can be reused or recycled, thus achieving environmental, economic, and social benefits. Solid waste source separation reduces the emission of gases that cause global warming and climate change. Despite its benefits, previous studies have shown that it is a rare practice in households in developing countries. In this study, the behavior of households in Ecuador is analyzed regarding the separation of organic and inorganic waste. The importance of studying both the urban and rural population is highlighted, and it is found that glass is the least classified material in the country. Moreover, it is shown that the level of education and access to the Internet are determinants of household behavior when separating waste. However, this effect is greater in the rural population than in the urban one. Finally, public policies are recommended according to the results obtained.
An anomalous wave formation at the Al/Cu interface during magnetic pulse welding

This paper reports an anomalous wave formation at an Al/Cu bimetallic interface produced by magnetic pulse welding. The mechanism of the anomalous wave formation is investigated using both metallurgical characterization and the interface kinematics. It reveals that the anomalous wave is formed with the combination of the intermediate zone and the interdiffusion zone with a thickness of 70 nm, wherein the intermediate zone is caused by the local melting due to the high shear instability, and the interdiffusion zone is formed below the melting point of aluminum combined with ultrahigh heating and cooling rates of about 1013 °C s−1. A multiphysics simulation of impact welding has been performed, and it is identified that the jetting kinematics and non-uniform distribution of shear strains during high-speed collision enable the formation of the anomalous wave. The numerical and experimental results comprehensively lead to understanding of the mechanism and the characteristics of the anomalous wave produced during an impact welding. This work is supported by the Co-operation Program of UTs and INSAs (France) and funded by the China Scholarship Council (No.201701810138). T. Sapanathan acknowledges F.R. S–FNRS (Belgium) during his postdoc at UCLouvain. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Air Passive Sampling for the Screening of Inhalation Risks of POPs Near an Incineration Plant

ABSTRACT The use of passive air samplers (PAS) in recent years to monitor the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in air has been increasing, not only globally, but also at regional and/or local scales. The present study was aimed at analyzing the airborne concentrations of the POPs: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). Mean air levels of PCBs, PBDEs, and PCNs were 44.1, 65.0, and 6.65 pg/m3, respectively. No differences were noted according to the distance or direction from the plant for any chemical. Furthermore, this information was used to estimate the air inhalation of POPs for the local population. Environmental exposure to POPs through air accounted for only <2% of the total when compared with the dietary intake. The overall results indicate that the MSWI here assessed does not mean a relevant increase on human health risks derived from inhalation of POPs. PAS can also be utilized for human health risk assessment studies, being also suitable tools to control the environmental burden of non-regulated chemicals, for which no emission thresholds have yet been derived.
Effects of Sulfur, Boron, Zinc and Molybdenum on Yield and Profitability of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. Var. italica )

A field experiment on broccoli (var. Premium Crop) comprising four levels of each of sulfur (s) (0, 10, 20 and 30 Kg/ha), boron (B) (0, 1, 1.5, and 2.0 Kg/ha), zinc (Z) (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 Kg/ha) and five levels of molybdenum (Mo) (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 Kg/ha) was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Rangamati Hill district during the rabi seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-2006 on the growth, yield and profitability of the crop. The fertilizer treatments had significant effects on growth and yield parameters viz. plant spread, numbers of leaves per plant, head diameter, main head weight and weight of secondary shoot per plant. Application of S, B, Zn and Mo increased head yield of broccoli significantly up to 20, 1.5, 5 and 0.8 kg/ha, respectively. The maximum head yields of 14.71 t/ha in 2004-05 and 18.61 t/ha in 2005-06 was obtained from the nutrient combination of 30: 1.5: 5: 0.8 kg S: B: Zn: Mo/ha with a blanket dose of 180: 43: 66 kg N: P: K /ha and cowdung @ 10 ton/ha identically followed by the yields obtained from the combinations of 20: 1.5: 5: 0.8 kg S: B: Zn: Mo/ha and 20: 2: 5: 0.8 kg S: B: Zn: Mo/ha. The S 30 B 1.5 Zn Mo 0.8 kg/ha combination also caused the highest gross margin (TK. 243649) and marginal rate of return as high as 3020%. The calculated optimum and economic nutrient combinations from the polynomial regression equation were S 35 B 2.8 Zn 4.23 Mo 0.9 kg/ha and S 34.7 B 2.75 Zn 4.20 Mo 0.88 kg/ha, respectively. Key words: Broccoli, fertilizer, yield, profitability, Rangamati, Bangladesh. doi:10.3329/jard.v6i1. 1657 J Agric Rural Dev 6 (1&2), 55-61, June 2008
Post‐release survival of oiled, cleaned seabirds in North America

The number of days between ringing and recovery of oiled, cleaned and released seabirds was extremely low, usually a matter of a few days or weeks, and for three species was 5–100 times lower than for non-oiled birds. For oiled, cleaned Guillemots Una aalge, postrelease life expectancy was 9.6 days and long-term recovery rates were 10–20% of those of non-oiled birds. Measures of survival were not greater for oiled birds treated in recent years with modern methods. The cost and effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts for oiled seabirds need to be reexamined in the light of results showing low post-release survival.
Evaluation of the Interaction Between Phytase and Xilanase on Metabolizability of Energy-Reduced Broiler Diets

To examine the association between phytase and xylanase in diets with nutritional adjustments on the metabolizability of feed by broiler diets, 250 chickens were used and distributed among five treatments and five replicates of 10 broilers each. The treatments were: positive control diet - without phytase or xylanase; negative control diet - with an energy reduction of 0.419 MJ/kg, without phytase or xylanase; and three diets containing xylanase and phytase and energy reductions of 0.209, 0.419 and 0.628 MJ/kg. For all energy-reduced diets, the nutritional matrix of phytase with phosphorus (0.15%), calcium (0.165%) and sodium (0.035%) was considered. The energy reduction of 0.628 MJ/kg with inclusion of the enzymes resulted in a higher metabolizability of the crude protein, also the apparent and apparent corrected metabolizable energy coefficients for nitrogen balance were higher in diets with a reduction energy of 0.209 MJ/kg, however had values similar to those obtained in the positive control diets and diets with energy reduction of 0.628 MJ/kg containing enzymes. The inclusion of phytase (500 FTU/kg) and xylanase (16,000 BXU/kg) in broiler diets, makes it possible to reduce metabolizable energy by up to 0.628 MJ/kg, available phosphorus, calcium, and sodium, and improve the metabolizability of the nutrients.