Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arteria Lusoria: Descriptive Anatomy, Topography and Clinical Implications at the HUBERT KOUTOUKOU MAGA National University Hospital Center (CNHU-HKM)

Background: The presence of a right aberrant subclavian artery, also known as the lusoria artery, is the most frequent anomaly of the aortic arch. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of the lusoria artery and its relationships on CT scans in melanoderm subjects at the CNHU-HKM in Benin. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, conducted from January 2018 to December 2021 at the CNHU-HKM. It focused on thoracic angioscans and thoraco-abdomino-pelvic scans that revealed a lusoria artery in patients referred to the medical imaging department. The sampling was exhaustive. Image analysis was performed using Radiant DICOM Viewer software. Results: A total of 11 cases of lusoria artery were identified among the 732 scans studied, representing a frequency of 1.5%, with a sex ratio of 0.22. The mean age of the patients was 50.81 ± 14.54 years. The discovery of the lusoria artery was incidental in all patients. The lusoria arteries arose from the aortic arch, on average 7.59 mm after the left subclavian artery, with a mean diameter of 14.86 mm at the origin. They all had a retro-esophageal course. The bicarotid trunk was the most frequent associated anatomical variation (90.9%) with a mean length of 11.84 mm. This was followed by Kommerell's diverticulum (18.18%). One case of a common origin of the subclavian arteries and bicarotid trunk associated with the lusoria artery was noted. Conclusion: The lusoria artery is a rare anatomical variation that predominantly affects women. Often discovered incidentally, it arises from the aortic arch and has a retro-esophageal course. It is almost constantly associated with a bicarotid trunk. KEYWORDS: Lusoria artery - bicarotid trunk - CT scan - Kommerell's diverticulum - Benin.
LSegDiff: A Latent Diffusion Model for Medical Image Segmentation

Initially designed for image generation, diffusion models can also be effectively applied to various tasks, including semantic segmentation. However, most existing diffusion-based approaches for semantic segmentation operate in high-dimensional pixel space, demanding a lot of computing and memory resources during training and inference. This paper makes the first attempt to utilize latent diffusion models for semantic segmentation. Specifically, we propose a fast yet effective latent diffusion model and evaluate it on medical image segmentation tasks. Firstly, we train a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) network to convert binary image masks into compact latent vectors. The diffusion process can then be executed in this low-dimensional latent space and thus drastically accelerated. Subsequently, we employ the VAE decoder to reconstruct a precise prediction map from the latent output vector produced by the diffusion process. Eventually, we refine the final segmentation results through a straightforward post-processing step using morphological operations. We report our results on two public datasets, including colon polyp images and skin cancer images. Experiments show that our approach achieves competitive accuracy compared to traditional diffusion models while having much better training and inference speed, as well as much more efficient memory consumption.
Frequency and clinicopathologic associations of microsatellite instability and PD-L1 expression in Vietnamese patients with gastric cancer

Background: Our study aimed to determine the frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI) and characterize the associations between MSI status, PD-L1 expression, and clinicopathological features in Vietnamese patients with gastric cancer. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study that analyzed 87 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy from January 2020 to March 2023. MSI status was assessed by immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins. PD-L1 expression was evaluated by tumor proportion score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS). Associations between MSI, PD-L1, and clinicopathologic factors were analyzed. Results: MSI-high (MSI-H) was identified in 13.8% of tumors and significantly associated with intestinal subtype, moderate differentiation, necrosis, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and PD-L1 positivity. Lymphatic invasion correlated with increased TPS. Intestinal classification correlated with higher CPS. Conclusion: MSI-H identifies a subset of gastric cancers with distinct features. PD-L1 expression is associated with aggressive disease parameters. Biomarker-based stratification may guide personalized therapy.
The Causal Association between Alcohol, Smoking, Coffee Consumption, and the Risk of Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Mendelian Randomization Studies

Objective: To evaluate the genetic causality between alcohol intake, smoking, coffee consumption, and arthritis. Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) studies with alcohol, smoking, and coffee consumption behaviors as exposures, and osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as outcomes were retrieved from up to July 2023. Two researchers with relevant professional backgrounds independently assessed the quality and extracted data from the included studies. Meanwhile, we applied MR analyses of four lifestyle exposures and five arthritis outcomes (two for OA and three for RA) with gene-wide association study (GWAS) data that were different from the included studies, and the results were also included in the meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 and R software version 4.3. 1. Results: A total of 84 studies were assessed. Of these, 11 were selected for meta-analysis. As a whole, the included studies were considered to be at a low risk of bias and were of high quality. Results of the meta-analysis showed no significant genetic causality between alcohol intake and arthritis (odds ratio (OR): 1.02 (0.94–1.11)). Smoking and arthritis had a positive genetic causal association (OR: 1.44 (1.27–1.64)) with both OA (1.44 (1.22–1.71)) and RA (1.37 (1.26–1.50)). Coffee consumption and arthritis also had a positive genetic causal association (OR: 1.02 (1.01–1.03)). Results from the subgroup analysis showed a positive genetic causality between coffee consumption and both OA (OR: 1.02 (1.00–1.03)) and RA (OR: 1.56 (1.19–2.05)). Conclusion: There is positive genetic causality between smoking and coffee consumption and arthritis (OA and RA), while there is insufficient evidence for genetic causality between alcohol intake and arthritis.
ANALYSIS OF MARKET ORIENTATION AND FINANCIAL LITERACY ON MSME PERFORMANCE

MSME performance is the level of success achieved by MSME stakeholders in running their businesses based on set goals. To support the success of MSME performance, MSME owners must have basic knowledge such as market orientation and financial literacy because these two things can be a benchmark for the success of MSMEs. This study aims to analyze the influence of market orientation and financial literacy on the performance of food industry MSMEs in Sukabumi. The number of samples in this study was 110 respondents. This study used descriptive research methods and associative research methods with a quantitative approach. The results showed that market orientation and financial literacy had a positive and significant effect on MSME performance. The contribution made between market orientation and financial literacy to the performance of MSMEs with interpretation is very strong. Keywords: Market Orientation, Financial Literacy, MSME Performance
Crosstalk between glucagon-like peptide 1 and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases

ABSTRACT Gut microbiota exert influence on gastrointestinal mucosal permeability, bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid synthesis, dietary fiber fermentation, and farnesoid X receptor/Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) signal transduction. The incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is mainly produced by L cells in the gut and regulates postprandial blood glucose. Changes in gut microbiota composition and function have been observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Meanwhile, the function and rhythm of GLP-1 have also been affected in subjects with obesity or T2D. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the link between the gut microbiome and GLP-1. In this review, we describe the interaction between GLP-1 and the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. On the one hand, gut microbiota metabolites stimulate GLP-1 secretion, and gut microbiota affect GLP-1 function and rhythm. On the other hand, the mechanism of action of GLP-1 on gut microbiota involves the inflammatory response. Additionally, we discuss the effects and mechanism of various interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, antidiabetic drugs, and bariatric surgery, on the crosstalk between gut microbiota and GLP-1. Finally, we stress that gut microbiota can be used as a target for metabolic diseases, and the clinical application of GLP-1 receptor agonists should be individualized.
Quasi-continental oceanic structure beneath the Arabian Fan sediments from observed surface-wave dispersion studies

The fundamental and higher modes of surface waves generated by 31 earthquakes and recorded at seismographic stations along the western margins of India and Pakistan (Trivandrum, Kodaikanal, Goa, Bombay, Poona, New Delhi, Nillore, and Quetta) are used to estimate the crustal structure beneath the Arabian Fan sediments. The sedimentary thickness is determined from the observed higher mode data. The observed dispersion data suggest an increase in crustal thickness northward, from an approximately 16 km crustal thickness at the southern tip of India (Trivandrum) to an approximately 28 km crustal thickness at the regions of 20°N and above latitude, with an overlying 6 km sedimentary thickness. This gradual increase in crustal thickness in the northward direction and the attaining of quasi-continental oceanic (transition from continent to ocean) structure beneath the Arabian Fan sediments suggest that the Mohorovicic discontinuity may have resulted from a change in crystal structure due to increase of pressure and not a phase change. The same material exists beneath the Moho, and it does not represent the boundary between two different materials. The transition has given rise to crustal thickening in the northward direction. Another possible explanation is that the increase in hydrostatic pressure due to the load exerted by a large sedimentary column together with horizontal pressure caused by the collision of Indian and Eurasian plates has given rise to an increase in temperature near the Moho. Because of the thermal blanketing effect of this large sedimentary column, an inferred rise in temperature may have either changed the upper mantle into material with crustal-like velocity or may have given rise to metamorphism of earlier existing sedimentary rocks. An inferred high temperature near the Moho depth beneath the Arabian Fan sediments is in close agreement with the high attenuating zone at the shallow depth (30 to 45 km) as determined by Singh (1987).
Effect of audio distraction with thermomechanical stimulation on pain perception for inferior alveolar nerve block in children: a randomized clinical trial

Background Pain control is a crucial aspect of pediatric dentistry for patient management. Thermo-mechanical devices (Buzzy™ Pain Care Labs, USA) work on the concept of vibration and cooling and have shown promising results in pain control during local anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. On the other hand, audio distraction has also been used for pain management. The amount of pain endured is determined by the patient's perception and attentiveness. Thus, if audio function is added to the thermomechanical device it might increase its efficiency. Hence, the present study aimed to compare pain on injection using a thermo-mechanical device with and without audio during inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection in children aged 5-10 years old. Methods Twenty-eight children aged between 5 and 10 indicated for IANB were included in this randomized study. Children who were undergoing the dental procedure were divided into 2 groups, with 14 children in each group. The study group was the thermo-mechanical device with audio distraction; the control group was the thermo-mechanical device without audio distraction. IANB was administered. Subjective pain evaluation was performed using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPR) and objective pain evaluation was done using the Faces, Leg, Activity, Consolability, Cry (FLACC) scale. Results The outcome depicted a significant reduction in pain on injection for both objective and subjective evaluations in the thermo-mechanical device with an audio distraction group. Conclusions Less pain on injection was observed, when a thermo-mechanical device was used with audio distraction for IANB procedures.
Tracing the Trajectories of Objects of Travel in a Practice of trekking to the Mount Everest Base Camp

Objects are an inseparable part of travel networks. Travel objects, as non-human actors of tourism networks, play a significant role in shaping the travel experience. However, despite the importance of ‘tourism things’ in travel networks, contemporary tourism studies have failed to adequately consider ‘tourism objects’ as active agents within travel networks. To address this gap, the purpose of this qualitative research is to trace the trajectories of tourism objects in a trekking trip to Mt. Everest Base Camp. Using the Actor Network Theory (ANT) as a theoretical framework, I deconstruct the operation of the mobile objects performed in a tourism practice to conceptualize their significance, use-value and symbolic value in travel and tourism networks. This research revealed that travel networks are not only shaped by the power of minds and human agency, but are the product of collaboration between people and objects. Therefore, beyond the immaterial and metaphorical aspects of objects, and through relational materiality and use-value, objects give rise to formations of mobile networks. As the findings of this study suggest, ‘being a trekker’ and the way trekkers experience a trekking trip’ is highly influenced by the performance of the objects that trekkers carry with them to the mountain. Unpacking different negotiations of ordering in a trekking journey to the Mount Everest Base Camp shows that trekking is not only about the trekkers, but also about the objects supporting, facilitating, and enabling the trekking experience. My findings support the position of tourism things in the networks of travel as complicated assemblage of various layers of materials and symbols including functionality, use-value, identity, emotion, memory, attitude, etc. Travelling objects in their mobile performances, in addition to their use-value and functionalities, were able to do things such as setting the stage for the travel experience, mediating home-away relationship, capturing memories, and acting as reminders of the travel experiences, serving as mementos for the loved ones, and accompanying the travellers in their next travel performance(s). Further research considering objects as active performers in tourism practices is needed to broaden our understanding of the agency of objects.
Think BIQ: Gender Differences, Entrepreneurship Support and the Quality of Business Idea Description

Entrepreneurship support, its influencing factors and female entrepreneurship are recently discussed topics with great relevance for society and politics. However, research on the subject has been divergent in its results and lacks a focus on the impact of support programs’ characteristics concerning different types of entrepreneurs. Thus, we conduct a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis on entrepreneurship support characteristics aiming to shed light on possible gender differences occurring in respective programs. We investigate the quality of business idea descriptions, as a predecessor for a high-potential business model, operationalized using inter alia causation and effectuation theory and social role theory as possible explanations. In our fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis on a sample of 911 Norwegian ventures, we find a variety of differences related to the entrepreneurs’ gender. For instance, that financial support combined with a well described key contribution or careful planning seem to be more important antecedents for female entrepreneurs’ business idea quality than for males. Moreover, it seems a well-described key contribution has a positive effect on the outcome variable in most cases. Another interesting finding concerns the entrepreneurs’ network partners, where we found evident gender differences in our combinations. Female entrepreneurs seemingly benefitted from rather small networks, and males from big networks, although the former possess larger networks in the sample. In conclusion, we find that gender differences in combinations of entrepreneurship support for high business idea quality still occur even in a country like Norway, calling for an adaption of the provided support and environment.
Mangrove Forest Structure in the São João River Estuary, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT Calegario, G. ; Salomão, M.S.M.B. ; de Rezende, C.E. , and Bernini, E. , 2015. Mangrove forest structure in the São João River estuary, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Natural and anthropic factors contribute toward the formation of environmental gradients that act as selective forces that in turn determine the distribution of the mangrove species along these gradients. The aim of this study is to characterize the structure of two mangrove forests under different conditions of salinity and compare the structural parameters between the border and inside forests in the São João River estuary. One site 11 km from the ocean (upper estuary, site 1) and another 3 km from the ocean (lower estuary, site 2) were selected along the estuary. Within each site measurements of height and diameter breast height (DBH ) of individuals ≥1 m in height, and the pore-water salinity, granulometry, and organic matter of the sediment were analyzed. The average tree height varied from 3.1 to 6.1 m, the average DBH from 3.7 to 7.0 cm, the density from 5240 to 14,720 trunks ha−1, and the basal area from 8.0 to 35.5 m2 ha−1. A pattern of zonation was observed along the estuary, with Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. dominant in the upper estuary and Rhizophora mangle L. dominant in the lower estuary. We observed no zonation of species between border and inside forest, but L. racemosa exhibited higher density in the upper estuary, and R. mangle in the lower estuary, thus defining a pattern of spatial zonation along the estuary.
A comprehensive review and comparison of L-tryptophan biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli

L-tryptophan and its derivatives are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries. Microbial fermentation is the most commonly used method to produce L-tryptophan, which calls for an effective cell factory. The mechanism of L-tryptophan biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, the widely used producer of L-tryptophan, is well understood. Saccharomyces cerevisiae also plays a significant role in the industrial production of biochemicals. Because of its robustness and safety, S. cerevisiae is favored for producing pharmaceuticals and food-grade biochemicals. However, the biosynthesis of L-tryptophan in S. cerevisiae has been rarely summarized. The synthetic pathways and engineering strategies of L-tryptophan in E. coli and S. cerevisiae have been reviewed and compared in this review. Furthermore, the information presented in this review pertains to the existing understanding of how L-tryptophan affects S. cerevisiae’s stress fitness, which could aid in developing a novel plan to produce more resilient industrial yeast and E. coli cell factories.
The Effect of Preeclampsia on the Quality of Life of Children

Children who born to pregnant women with preeclampsia are at risk of having low physical and cognitive functions due to the influence of placental blood flow ischemia which affects children's neurodevelopment. The object of this research was to determine the effect of preeclampsia during pregnancy on the quality of life of children 2-4 years. The study used a retrospective cohort. The sample was 104 (consisted of 52 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 52 normal pregnant women), not suffering from chronic disease, taken randomly. Preeclampsia was assessed based on the diagnosis from medical records, while children’s quality of life was assessed using PedsQL. Data were analyzed by using logistic regression. The results showed preeclampsia has an effect on physical quality of children (p-value 0.03 <0.05), but did not affect the child's social and emotional function. Children born to mothers with preeclampsia are at 5.9 times the risk of having low physical quality compared to children born to normal maternal pregnancies. Early efforts are needed to stimulate children born to mothers who suffer from Preeclampsia in order to obtain optimal quality of life and physical function.
Compassion in three perspectives: Associations with depression and suicidal ideation in a clinical adolescent sample

Abstract Background Adolescence is a critical period for mental development where the consequences of psychopathologies can be exceedingly harmful, and compassion has been identified as a protective factor for adolescents’ mental well-being. Aim The aim of this study was to explore three perspectives of compassion – Self-compassion, Compassion for others, and Compassion from others – and their relationship with depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method This Swedish cross-sectional study included 259 psychiatric patients (ages 16–22). Participants completed a survey including the self-assessment scales “Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale – Second Edition” (RADS-2), “Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire – Junior Version” (SIQ-JR), and “Compassion Engagement and Action Scale – Youth” (CEAS-Y). Linear regression analyses were used to determine whether participants’ levels of compassion predicted depression and suicidal ideation. Results Self-compassion and Compassion from others significantly predicted both depression and suicidal ideation. Girls, on average, reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and lower levels of self-compassion compared to boys. The correlation between compassion and depressive symptoms, however, appeared to be stronger in boys. There was also a positive correlation between Compassion for others and suicidal ideation. Conclusions The results suggest that Self-compassion and Compassion from others may have a significant protective effect against depression and suicidal ideation, especially in boys. However, due to the relatively small sample of boys (n = 40), further research is needed before any solid conclusion can be drawn regarding possible gender differences. Additionally, the combination of low Self-compassion and higher levels of Compassion for others may be associated with suicidal ideation.