Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic Game Theory: Selfish Load Balancing

Suppose that a set of weighted tasks shall be assigned to a set of machines with possibly different speeds such that the load is distributed evenly among the machines. In computer science, this problem is traditionally treated as an optimization problem. One of the classical objectives is to minimize the makespan, i.e., the maximum load over all machines. Here we study a natural game theoretic variant of this problem: We assume that the tasks are managed by selfish agents, that is, each task has an agent that aims at placing the task on the machine with smallest load. We study the Nash equilibria of this game and compare them with optimal solutions with respect to the makespan. The ratio between the worst-case makespan in a Nash equilibrium and the optimal makespan is called the price of anarchy. In this chapter, we study the price of anarchy for such load balancing games in four different variants, and we investigate the complexity of computing equilibria. 20.
Recent Advances and Trends in Multiple System and Heterogeneous Integration With TSV-Less Interposers

In this study, the recent advances and trends in multiple system and heterogeneous integration with through-silicon via (TSV)-less interposer (organic interposer or 2.3-D IC integration) will be investigated. Emphasis is placed on the definition, kinds, advantages and disadvantages, challenges (opportunities), and examples of multiple system and heterogeneous integration with TSV-less interposer. Also, some recommendations of 2.3-D IC integration will be provided.
A study of analgesic effect of methylene blue injection in post conventional haemorrhoidectomy

Background: Haemorrhoids are common perianal disease. Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy operation is a classical haemorrhoid resection procedure that has been widely used as gold standard. Classical haemorrhoidectomy is associated with considerable postoperative pain. This leads to patient discomfort; prolonged hospital stays and increased cost. The causes of post haemorrhoidectomy pain are multifactorial. Methylene blue has been widely used as biological dye. It is an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase. It has also been found to reduce cyclooxygenase products. The mechanism of action of methylene blue is likely to be related to the destruction of dermal nerve endings.Methods: A prospective study of 114 indoor patients was conducted to compare the effects of 1% intradermal methylene blue injection at local site and injection paracetamol (I.V.) as per requirement after Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy admitted to Surat municipal institute of medical education and research (SMIMER) hospital at Department of General Surgery. Samples were divided into two groups each of 57 patients, in case group patients were given intradermal methylene blue at local site after haemorrhoidectomy and in both groups’ injection paracetamol was given as per requirement. Both groups are assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Present study concluded that mean post-operative score according visual analogue scale (VAS) in case group was significantly lower as compared to control group on 1st and 3rd post-operative day.Conclusions: Methylene blue injection has an analgesic effect at local site after post conventional haemorrhoidectomy without any significant side effects of methylene blue.
Assessment of Bacterial Isolates from the Urine Specimens of Urinary Tract Infected Patient

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) maintained a serious public health concern, as did the growth in antibiotic resistance both between uropathogenic microorganisms. A regular assessment of the microbiological agents that cause UTIs, as well as their antimicrobial resistance, is essential for a tailored empirical antibiotic response. Knowing the variables that cause UTIs can help you intervene quickly and simply to get the condition under control. The most common infecting species in acute infection is Escherichia coli (E. coli). To strengthen infection control strategies, it is necessary to know the prevalence and location of UTI. The goal of this research is to measure the frequency of microorganisms isolated from patients with UTIs as well as the antimicrobial sensitivity characteristics of Gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this research has been to evaluate the frequency of UTIs by extracting and characterizing the various bacterial etiological organisms, as well as to assess the factors linked to UTIs. The goal of this research is to identify, characterize, and establish the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria linked to urinary tract infections. Fresh collected urine specimen was taken from inpatients or outpatients in UTI cases and bacteriologically tested using conventional microbiological methods. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to create the antibiogram. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus aureus (28%), and Escherichia coli (24.6%) were the most common isolates (20%). The evaluated agents' antibacterial activity was all in the following order: cefixime, ciprofloxacin, augmentin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, and cefuroxime. It was discovered that each and every one of the microbes exhibited varied degrees of resistance to the antibiotics nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Every type of bacteria, with the exception of those belonging to the genus Streptococcus, has a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) that is more than 0.2. The first-line therapies for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the region would consist of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. Lower urinary tract infections almost never result in problems if they are diagnosed and treated as soon as possible and in the correct manner. However, if treatment is not sought, a urinary tract infection can lead to serious complications.
Monkeypox in Germany-Initial Clinical Observations.

BACKGROUND Many cases of monkeypox have been reported across Europe from early May 2022 onward. Initial publications suggest that nearly all of the affected persons to date have been men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS To characterize the German cases, an anonymous questionnaire was sent via the mailing lists of the German AIDS Society (Deutsche AIDS-Gesellschaft, DAIG) and the German Association of Outpatient Physicians for Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine (Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft ambulant tätiger Ärztinnen und Ärzte für Infektionskrankheiten und HIV-Medizin e.V., DAGNAE). RESULTS 301 PCR-verified cases had been registered as of 23 June 2022. All of the affected persons were MSM, including 141 (46.7%) with HIV infection and 135 (44.7%) with preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The great majority of skin lesions were in the anal and genital areas. The most common general symptoms were fever, headache, limb pain, and, often, painfully swollen lymph nodes. Most infections to date have taken a relatively mild course: 5.0% of the patients were hospitalized, and none died. A high frequency of sexually transmitted infections (STI) was noted: only 41.0% of the patients had not been given a diagnosis of an STI in the six months before their monkeypox infection. CONCLUSION Monkeypox seems to be establishing itself as a new type of STI among MSM. In view of the rising case numbers, there is a need for a rapid information and vaccination campaign in the population at risk. Heightened alertness among physicians is needed as well.
Transmission Defense Hardening Against Typhoon Disasters Under Decision-Dependent Uncertainty

Transmission defense hardening (TDH) is an effective practice to ensure the safe operation of the power system during and after natural disasters, such as typhoons. However, the coupling among the typhoon disaster, hardening decision, and transmission line status is not addressed in the previous research works. Besides, the enhancement measures for different types of transmission line failures have not yet been assessed. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework to improve power transmission system resilience against typhoon disasters. Firstly, the motion path and the wind field of typhoons are simulated using Monte Carlo sampling to quantify the spatiotemporal impacts of wind speed on the transmission line status. The decision-dependent uncertainty (DDU), which reflects the effects of hardening decisions on the transmission lines, is addressed by sampling according to the corresponding failure probabilities. Then, the scenario simulation is integrated into the proposed two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming (SMIP) model considering various enhancement measures for different failures. Since the way to handle the DDU needs a large number of scenarios, it leads to high computation complexity. Hence, the sample average approximation (SAA) algorithm is introduced to cope with it. Finally, the proposed framework and its solution algorithm are carried out on the modified IEEE RTS-79 system and the modified IEEE 118-Bus system. The significant cost saving and resilience improvement demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Physics-Based Model for Understanding Electromigration-Induced Cavity Evolution in Advanced Narrow Line Copper Interconnects

In the interconnects of microelectronic package with high current density and high-frequency fluctuation, electromigration (EM) events cause the cavities nucleation at the metal lines cathode and hillock pile-up at anode, which further lead to short circuit/open circuit and influence the overall device reliability substantially. In this work, mechanical modeling of EM-induced cavity failure was investigated and a modeling theory of efficient EM cavity morphology evolution based on physics was comprehensively introduced. According to mass diffusion theory, a dynamic model of elliptical cavity shape evolution with velocity and shape parameters was established. Meanwhile, kinetic equations of shape evolution expansion connected to cavity velocity and shape were proposed to explain the cavity expansion and cavity collapse processes, respectively. Based on the surface morphology analysis, it is obvious that cavity evolution form is determined by the competition between surface tension and electron wind. It is revealed that both them encourage cavity stretching in the direction of electric field intensity while compressing in the opposite. In addition, the mismatch of matter concentration between the left and right ends of the cavity will drive the cavity to migrate against the electric field intensity.
E Pluribus Plures: Shock Dependency of the Usd Pass-Through to Real and Financial Variables

This paper quantifies the pass-through of a US dollar appreciation on trade variables and domestic financial conditions in a panel of 34 countries. Pass-through coefficients are highly shock-dependent: if the appreciation is driven by a US expansionary shock, the positive effects of stronger global demand the “real” channel-dominate the negative effects of a stronger dollar the “exchange rate” channel. As a result, a positive US demand (supply)-drive appreciation expands global trade and stock valuations up to 2.2 (2.5) and 8% (15%) respectively, while if the appreciation is driven by a monetary policy shock the sign is opposite, leading to a contraction in the order of 2.5% (3%) depending on the country. The coefficients also exhibit a large degree of cross-country heterogeneity, we find that financial and trade exposure to the US, trade openness and USD invoicing shares explain up to 60% of the USD pass-through after demand and supply shocks. Crosscountry differences, instead, are not explained by dollar invoicing if monetary policy or risk shocks determine USD movements. We explain this finding with the endogenous policy reaction of monetary authorities in emerging markets that stabilizes the exchange rate against the dollar and weakens the invoicing channel of dollar shocks.
A description of the first open-source community release of MISTRA-v9.0: a 0D/1D atmospheric boundary layer chemistry model

Abstract. We present MISTRA-v9.0, a one-dimensional (1D) and box (0D) atmospheric chemistry model. The model includes a detailed particle description with regards to the microphysics, gas–particle interactions, and liquid-phase chemistry within particles. Version 9.0 (v9.0) is the first release of MISTRA as an open-source community model. A major review of the code has been performed along with this public version release to improve the user friendliness and platform independence of the model. The purpose of this public release is to maximise the benefit of MISTRA to the community by making the model freely available and easier to use and develop. This paper presents a thorough description of the model characteristics and components. We show some examples of simulations reproducing previous studies with MISTRA, finding that v9.0 is consistent with previous versions.
Building the Capacity of Alms Institutions through the Performance of Community-Based Economic Development Strategy

The purpose of this study is to build a scientific concept that connects the performance of Community-Based Economic Development (CBED) with the ability to build the organizational capacity of the alms Institution through a case study at LAZNAS DT in Indonesia. The research method used was Regression Correlation, Rank Spearman. The data collection technique was carried out by random sampling of 50 plasma breeders who are members of the MKyat - DT Business Unit Program community. The research data were processed using SPSS v 22 software. The study results found that the level of welfare of MKyat breeders was able to influence 73,80% on organizational performance, which means that organizational capacity could be influenced by the performance of community-based economic development built by LAZNAS DT. However, this research needs to be tested in a broader study population to obtain a more precise picture of the role of CBED in improving the performance of ZIS management at alms institutions in general.
Perception of community medicine as a curriculum and career option among medical students

Background: In India, medical curricula have not been kept up to date with changes in public health, demography, and health policies. Clinicians serve as role models for students in medical colleges, and CM is not seen as an appealing career option by students. Hence this study was designed to analyze the perceptions and attitudes of medical undergraduates towards the relevance of CM as a future career option.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in a Kasturba medical college, Manipal academy of higher education, located in Mangaluru, conducted especially for undergraduate medical students consisting of 440 medical students (MS) formulate this study population who belonged to different socio-demographic and regional backgrounds.Results: This study on the perceptions of the MS in LCM as part of their MBBS syllabus and their preference for the subject as a career path. Out of 440 MS, the rate of response was 100%. Among them, 237 (53.8%) were male and 203 (46.2%) were female. In our study, 93.9% showed a positive attitude in gaining skills to understand the research in their period of CM postings, 89.7% suggested having an understanding of concepts in CM followed by preventive measures against diseases (86.6%), the real-life health issues of the communityConclusions: The prime motive was a desire to pursue a career in clinical subjects, students must learn community medicine subjects as well, and they must be better informed about the chances were available for CM specialists to work with international, national and state healthcare organisations and research institutes.
UTILIZATION OF YOUTUBE VIDEO AS A THEMATIC LEARNING MEDIA IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

This study aims to describe the application of YouTube media, the inhibiting and supporting factors, and their impact on students in thematic learning at fourth-grade at State Elementary School (SDN) 35 Prabumulih. This research method is mixed method. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, documentation, and questionnaires which tested validity and reliability. Qualitative data analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. Quantitaive data is analyzed in the frequency distribution table. The results showed that the implementation of YouTube media in thematic learning at fourth-grade SDN 35 Prabumulih was carried out through preparation activities, presentation of material, questions and answers about videos that were displayed, and follow-up. The supporting factors are, YouTube easier for students to learn, a strong and stable signal, and the facilities and infrastructure presented by the school. While the inhibiting factors are the internet signal which is sometimes unstable, the availability of facilities and infrastructure is still limited and not functioning properly, and the extravagant of internet data usage. The use of YouTube media in thematic learning has a positive impact on the student learning process because it can offer a varied and fun learning atmosphere, and stipulate a better conceptual understanding related to knowledge (cognitive); remembering, conceiving, and applying.
Numerical study of the magnetic skin effect: Efficient parameterization of 2D surface‐impedance solutions for linear ferromagnetic materials

This work presents an efficient method based on asymptotic models in order to solve numerically eddy current problems in a bi‐dimensional setting with a high contrast of linear relative magnetic permeability μr ≫ 1 between a conductor and a dielectric subdomain. We describe a magnetic skin effect by deriving a multiscale expansion for the magnetic potential in power series of a small parameter δ which represents the skin depth. We make explicit the first asymptotics up to the order three. Some numerical results based on the finite element method will be presented to illustrate the magnetic skin effect and to validate the performance of the proposed asymptotic models in the dielectric medium. We confirm that the proposed asymptotics provide reduced computational costs for a wide range of physical parameters introduced in our problem.
How Do Consumer Fairness Concerns Affect an E-Commerce Platform's Choice of Selling Scheme?

Considering consumer fairness concerns, this paper investigates an e-commerce platform’s selling scheme choice when it adopts a wholesale selling scheme or an agency selling scheme to create a contract with a manufacturer. We find that the intensity of the fairness concerns and the platform fee are key factors affecting the platform’s optimal selling scheme choice. Specifically, when these two factors are relatively high or low, the wholesale selling scheme outperforms the agency selling scheme in terms of the e-commerce platform’s profit. Otherwise, the e-commerce platform should adopt the agency selling scheme. Moreover, when these two factors are sufficiently large or small, the wholesale selling scheme will yield a win-win result for the players of the e-commerce supply chain. Interestingly, we find that, considering fairness-minded consumers, a larger platform fee may be harmful to the platform. We also extend the baseline model to consider the consumer heterogeneity of fairness concerns, proportional platform fee, fairness concern about the manufacturer’s profit, and endogenous platform fee. We find that the main insights remain qualitatively unchanged under these model extensions.
Investigation and Fabrication of the Printed Microstrip Meander-Line Slow-Wave Structures for D-Band Traveling Wave Tubes

Two typical topology shapes of the microstrip meander line (MML) including round U-shaped and V-shaped slow-wave structure (SWS) for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band traveling wave tubes (TWTs) are comparatively investigated, fabricated, and tested in this article. As a critical factor applied in millimeter-wave frequency, the high-frequency losses of the MML SWS are emphatically discussed. The two types of golden SWSs are both fabricated with the thin-film circuit technology on quartz substrates. After the surface roughness test and the cavity fabrication, the SWS samples are assembled and tested. According to the experimental test results, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parameters of the U-shaped and V-shaped transmission models are below −13.5 dB versus −15 dB, and the “cold” <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parameters are over −6.4 dB versus −4.9 dB, which are approached to the simulation results with the consideration of the silver conductive paste (SCP). At 140 GHz, the tested transmission losses for the U-shaped SWS and V-shaped SWS are about 0.35 and 0.29 dB/mm, respectively. Although particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations for the two SWSs both predict more than 100-W output power, the V-shaped MML TWT shows better bandwidth and loss performances than the U-shaped MML TWT.
Quadratic Programming-Based Simultaneous Charging Strategy for Battery Packs of Electric Vehicles

An optimal strategy for simultaneous charging of electric vehicle battery packs is proposed as a multiobjective optimization problem in this article. The charger consists of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula> constant voltage current sources for charging <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula> batteries, respectively. Considering the energy loss and the charging criteria, a battery charging issue for the charging mode is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem and the optimal solution is obtained with the application of quadratic programming. In addition, an adaptive momentum-based steepest descent algorithm is propounded to minimize the simultaneous charging time in the charging mode. Simulation and experimental results show that the actual state of charge converges to the same value within the theoretical shortest time for under the charging mode.
Zero Lyapunov exponents and monodromy of the Kontsevich–Zorich cocycle

We describe all the situations in which the Kontsevich-Zorich cocycle has zero Lyapunov exponents. Confirming a conjecture of Forni, Matheus, and Zorich, this only occurs when the cocycle satisfies additional geometric constraints. We also describe the real Lie groups which can appear in the monodromy of the Kontsevich-Zorich cocycle. The number of zero exponents is then as small as possible, given its monodromy.
Visualising attribute and spatial uncertainty in choropleth maps using hierarchical spatial data models

Cette these definit des differentes techniques de representations visuelles de l'incertitude dans les systemes d'information geographiques. Elle permet de choisir des techniques efficaces de visualisation de l'incertitutde des attributs, l"incertitude des frontieres spatiales et l'incertitutde temporelle de Choropleth. L"etude porte sur le recensement de 2001 en Nouvelle Zelande, appuyee par des enquetes Internet, des cartes explicatives et la realisation d'un logiciel Trust et propose de developper et de tester de nouvelles methodes de representation de l'incertitutde