Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy to Reconstruct Three-Dimensional Tissue Nanostructure

Three-dimensional (3D) structural information on many length scales is of central importance in biological research. Excellent methods exist to obtain structures of molecules at atomic, organelles at electron microscopic, and tissue at light-microscopic resolution. A gap exists, however, when 3D tissue structure needs to be reconstructed over hundreds of micrometers with a resolution sufficient to follow the thinnest cellular processes and to identify small organelles such as synaptic vesicles. Such 3D data are, however, essential to understand cellular networks that, particularly in the nervous system, need to be completely reconstructed throughout a substantial spatial volume. Here we demonstrate that datasets meeting these requirements can be obtained by automated block-face imaging combined with serial sectioning inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope. Backscattering contrast is used to visualize the heavy-metal staining of tissue prepared using techniques that are routine for transmission electron microscopy. Low-vacuum (20–60 Pa H2O) conditions prevent charging of the uncoated block face. The resolution is sufficient to trace even the thinnest axons and to identify synapses. Stacks of several hundred sections, 50–70 nm thick, have been obtained at a lateral position jitter of typically under 10 nm. This opens the possibility of automatically obtaining the electron-microscope-level 3D datasets needed to completely reconstruct the connectivity of neuronal circuits.
Optimized Slater‐type basis sets for the elements 1–118

Seven different types of Slater type basis sets for the elements H (Z = 1) up to E118 (Z = 118), ranging from a double zeta valence quality up to a quadruple zeta valence quality, are tested in their performance in neutral atomic and diatomic oxide calculations. The exponents of the Slater type functions are optimized for the use in (scalar relativistic) zeroth‐order regular approximated (ZORA) equations. Atomic tests reveal that, on average, the absolute basis set error of 0.03 kcal/mol in the density functional calculation of the valence spinor energies of the neutral atoms with the largest all electron basis set of quadruple zeta quality is lower than the average absolute difference of 0.16 kcal/mol in these valence spinor energies if one compares the results of ZORA equation with those of the fully relativistic Dirac equation. This average absolute basis set error increases to about 1 kcal/mol for the all electron basis sets of triple zeta valence quality, and to approximately 4 kcal/mol for the all electron basis sets of double zeta quality. The molecular tests reveal that, on average, the calculated atomization energies of 118 neutral diatomic oxides MO, where the nuclear charge Z of M ranges from Z = 1–118, with the all electron basis sets of triple zeta quality with two polarization functions added are within 1–2 kcal/mol of the benchmark results with the much larger all electron basis sets, which are of quadruple zeta valence quality with four polarization functions added. The accuracy is reduced to about 4–5 kcal/mol if only one polarization function is used in the triple zeta basis sets, and further reduced to approximately 20 kcal/mol if the all electron basis sets of double zeta quality are used. The inclusion of g‐type STOs to the large benchmark basis sets had an effect of less than 1 kcal/mol in the calculation of the atomization energies of the group 2 and group 14 diatomic oxides. The basis sets that are optimized for calculations using the frozen core approximation (frozen core basis sets) have a restricted basis set in the core region compared to the all electron basis sets. On average, the use of these frozen core basis sets give atomic basis set errors that are approximately twice as large as the corresponding all electron basis set errors and molecular atomization energies that are close to the corresponding all electron results. Only if spin‐orbit coupling is included in the frozen core calculations larger errors are found, especially for the heavier elements, due to the additional approximation that is made that the basis functions are orthogonalized on scalar relativistic core orbitals. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 1142–1156, 2003
Robust transmission of the IEEE 802.15.4 signal in the presence of co-channel interference

IEEE 802.15. 4 networks operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band are seriously affected by co-channel interference from coexisting radio systems such as IEEE 802.11x wireless local area networks. In this paper, we consider the beacon transmission in the presence of co-channel interference in the IEEE 802.15. 4 beacon-enabled mode. For reliable transmission of the beacon frame, we propose repeated transmission of the beacon frame depending upon the channel characteristics. The network coordinator and its child nodes estimate the channel characteristics when they experience transmission failure of the beacon frame. The coordinator determines the number of repeated beacon transmissions and the timing gap between the beacon transmissions based on the estimated channel characteristics. Analytic and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reliably transmit the beacon frame even in the presence of heavy co-channel interference, significantly reducing the network synchronization loss, power consumption as well as transmission delay.
Scalable TCAM-based regular expression matching with compressed finite automata

Regular expression (RegEx) matching is a core function of deep packet inspection in modern network devices. Previous TCAM-based RegEx matching algorithms a priori assume that a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) can be built for a given set of RegEx patterns. However, practical RegEx patterns contain complex terms like wildcard closure and repeat character, and it may be impossible to build a DFA with a reasonable number of states. This results in prior work to being infeasible in practice. Moreover, TCAM-based RegEx matching is required to scale to a large-scale set of RegEx patterns. In this paper, we propose a compressed finite automaton implementation called (CFA) for scalable TCAM-based RegEx matching. CFA is designed to reduce TCAM space by using three compression techniques: transition, character, and state compressions. Experiments on realistic RegEx pattern sets show CFA highly outperforms previous solutions in terms of TCAM space, matching throughput, and TCAM power consumption.
Data logger device applicability for wheelchair tennis court movement

Abstract Assessment of movement logging devices is required to ensure suitability for the determination of court-movement variables during competitive sports performance and allow for practical recommendations to be made. Hence, the purpose was to examine wheelchair tennis speed profiles to assess data logger device applicability for court-movement quantification, with match play stratified by rank (HIGH, LOW), sex (male, female) and format (singles, doubles). Thirty-one wheelchair tennis players were monitored during competitive match play. Mixed sampling was employed (male = 23, female = 8). Friedman’s test with Wilcoxon signed-rank post hoc testing revealed a higher percentage of time below 2.5 m · s−1 [<2.5 vs. ≥2.5 m · s−1: 89.4 (5.0) vs. 1.2 (3.5)%, Z = −4.860, P < 0.0005, r = 0.87] with the remaining time [9.0 (4.9%)] spent stationary. LOW-ranked players were stationary for longer than HIGH-ranked counterparts [12.6 (8.7) vs. 8.2 (5.1)%, U = 30.000, P = 0.011, r = 0.46] with more time at low propulsion speeds (<1.0 m · s−1). HIGH-ranked and doubles players spent more time in higher speed zones than respective counterparts. Females spent more time in the 1.0–1.49 m · s−1 zone (U = 48.000, P = 0.047, r = 0.36). Regardless of rank, sex or format, propulsion speeds during wheelchair tennis match play are consistent with data logger accuracy. Hence, data logging is appropriate for court-movement quantification.
High‐Sensitivity Troponin Assays: Evidence, Indications, and Reasonable Use

With advances in technology, a new era in troponin assays is approaching. Previous-generation troponin assays have been used as diagnostic and prognostic markers in acute coronary syndrome patients and for risk stratification to guide triage decisions and aid in treatment selection. [1][1]–[2][2]
Near field intensity enhancement and localization in noble metal nanoparticle ensembles

Theoretical analysis on the electromagnetic field properties in vicinity of noble metal nanostructures is presented. The study is done on the basis of numerical simulation using Finite Difference Time Domain approach. The systems under consideration are two- and three-dimensional arrays composed of gold or silver nanoparticles. The near field intensity distribution and its enhancement are calculated for structures with different characteristics – particle size, inter-particle distance, and at different conditions related to the incident irradiation – polarization, and geometry of excitation. This analysis is used for definition of some optimal parameters for such structures from the viewpoint of application in Surface Enhancement Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). It is shown that the manipulation of the geometry of excitation of the nanoparticle system could be used as a crucial parameter for improving the efficiency of the classical configuration in SERS. The predicted influences of the nanoparticle system properties on the Raman signal enhancement are confirmed experimentally.
Rapid scheduling of efficient VLSI architectures for next-generation HSDPA wireless system using Precision C synthesizer

In this paper, an efficient design flow integrating Mentor Graphics Precesion C and HDL designer is derived. In this hybrid prototyping environment, efficient FPGA architectures are scheduled rapidly with specific hardware resource/ timing/architecture constraints from C/C++ level modeling by allocating the usage of functional units and real-time requirements. Using this methodology, a system-on-chip architecture for the next-generation CDMA system, i.e., HSDPA system, is prototyped rapidly. Advanced algorithms including chip-level equalizer, turbo codec and clock tracking, frequency offset compensation, are scheduled with Precesion C. A relatively more area/timing efficient RTL architecture is generated automatically and integrated with other design blocks in HDL designer, then implemented efficiently in Xilinx FPGAs. This new design flow demonstrates productivity improvement of 2X for typical wireless communication algorithms and reduces the risk of product development dramatically.
Effect of cross-linking on properties and release characteristics of sodium salicylate-loaded electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) fibre mats

Cross-linking of electrospun (e-spun) fibre mats (beaded fibre morphology with the average diameter of the fibre segments between beads being ∼108 nm) of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) containing sodium salicylate (SS), used as the model drug, was achieved by exposing the fibre mats to the vapour from 5.6 M aqueous solution of either glutaraldehyde or glyoxal for various exposure time intervals, followed by a heat treatment in a vacuum oven. With increasing the exposure time in the cross-linking chamber, the morphology of the e-spun fibre mats gradually changed from a porous to dense structure. Both the degree of swelling and the percentage of weight loss of the cross-linked fibre mats (i.e. ∼200–530% and ∼15–57%, respectively) were lower than those of the untreated ones (i.e. ∼610% and ∼67%, respectively). Cross-linking was also responsible for the monotonic increase in the storage moduli of the cross-linked SS-loaded e-spun PVA fibre mats with increasing exposure time in the cross-linking chamber. The release characteristic of the model drug from the SS-loaded e-spun PVA fibre mats both before and after cross-linking was assessed by the transdermal diffusion through a pig skin method. The cumulative release of the drug from these matrices could be divided into two stages: 0–4 and 4–72 h, in which the amount of SS released in the first stage increased very rapidly, while it was much slower in the second stage. Cross-linking slowed down the release of SS from the drug-loaded fibre mats appreciably and both the rate of release and the total amount of the drug released were decreasing functions of the exposure time interval in the cross-linking chamber. Lastly, the cross-linked SS-loaded e-spun PVA fibre mats were non-toxic to normal human dermal fibroblasts.
An error compensation method for multi-axis machining based on the actual contour measurement

With the application of compensation for geometric error and thermal error, static and quasi-static accuracy of machine tools are significantly improved. Whereas, the accompanied disadvantage is the increased motion control error, especially the motion control accuracy in high-speed and ultra high-speed machining. Based on the actual contour measurement and the study of different control strategies for improving contour machining accuracy, this paper proposes an error compensation method for multi-axis machining. To be specific, a contour error model with different input parameters of the machining process needs to be built, and afterwards to be implemented into an open computer numerical control (CNC) system for real time calculation and compensation. Employing a 2-aix machine tool and base on aforementioned method, circular processing experiments with feed rates ranging from 0.5m/min to 10m/min and radiuses ranging from 10mm to 60mm are performed. The range of average radius error is reduced from 0.1mm to 0.006mm. The results demonstrate that high contour accuracy can be maintained even at high speed machining.
Average case and smoothed competitive analysis of the multi-level feedback algorithm

In this paper, we introduce the notion of smoothed competitive analysis of online algorithms. Smoothed analysis has been proposed by Spielman and Teng (2001) to explain the behavior of algorithms that work well in practice while performing very poorly from a worst case analysis point of view. We apply this notion to analyze the Multi-Level Feedback (MLF) algorithm to minimize the total flow time on a sequence of jobs released over time when the processing time of a job is only known at time of completion. The initial processing times are integers in the range [1,2/sup K/] We use a partial bit randomization model, where the initial processing times are smoothened by changing the k least significant bits under a quite general class of probability distributions. We show that MLF admits a smoothed competitive ratio of O((2/sup k///spl sigma/)/sup 3/ + (2/sup k///spl sigma/)/sup 2/2/sup K-k/), where /spl sigma/ denotes the standard deviation of the distribution. In particular, we obtain a competitive ratio of O(2/sup K-k/) if /spl sigma/ = /spl Theta/(2/sup k/). We also prove an /spl Omega/(2/sup K-k/) lower bound for any deterministic algorithm that is run on processing times smoothened according to the partial bit randomization model. For various other smoothening models, we give a higher lower bound of /spl Omega/(2/sup K/). A direct consequence of our result is also the first average case analysis of MLF. We show a constant expected ratio of the total flow time of MLF to the optimum under several distributions including the uniform distribution.
Colour changes in quasar light curves

The study of quasar variability has long been seen as a way to understanding the structure of the central engine of active galactic nuclei, and as a means of verifying the morphology of the standard model. Much work has already been done on the statistical properties of light curves monitored in one colour, and it is now possible to use these observations to test predictions of theoretical models. The addition of a second colour can add enormously to the power of such tests, and put tight constraints on the nature of the variations. In this paper, a yearly monitoring programme of several hundred quasars in blue and red passbands covering 21 yr is presented. The statistics of colour changes are examined for a 15-yr period of homogeneous data with Fourier power spectrum analysis, in a form suitable for testing against theoretical predictions. The results of the Fourier analysis show that there is more power in blue light on all time-scales than in red. Examination of the light curves shows several different modes of colour change. However, if allowance is made for the effects of the underlying host galaxy, the variations become close to achromatic. There are, however, structural differences between red and blue light curves which cannot be accounted for in this way, and various modes of variability including disc instability and microlensing are examined to provide explanations for these features.
Multiagent Coalition Formation for Distributed, Adaptive Resource Allocation

We present a distributed, adaptive resource allocat i n approach for multiagent systems called ARAMS. ARAMS allows a collection of agents to adaptively allocat e CPU resource among themselves to handle dynamic events encountered in a noisy and uncertain environment in real-time manner. Each event encountered may incur a CPU shortage crisis in an agent. ARAMS is aimed to reduce the occurrence and amount of shortage crises o f each agent as well as the entire system as a whole. Th underlying problem-solving strategy of ARAMS is the integration of a monitor-reactive cycle and a goaldirected coalition formation model. The monitor-rea ctive cycle requires the agent to monitor the crisis and ttempt to fix it on its own. The goal-directed coalition f ormation allows the agent to ask for help from other agents ra ionally once it has the resources to do so. Agents als o learn how to form better coalitions faster from their pas t experience. We conducted a series of experiments and the experimental results show that our approach to CPU resource allocation is able to learn and adapt cohere ntly, reacting to and planning for CPU shortages.
Tolerance of olive (Olea europaea) cv Frantoio to Verticillium dahliae relies on both basal and pathogen-induced differential transcriptomic responses.

Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) is one of the most serious biotic constraints for this tree crop. Our knowledge of the genetics of the tolerance/resistance to this disease is very limited. Here we show that tolerance of the cv Frantoio relies on both basal and early pathogen-induced differential transcriptomic responses. A comparative transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) was conducted in root tissues of cvs Frantoio (VWO-tolerant) and Picual (VWO-susceptible). RNA samples originated from roots of inoculated olive plants during the early infection stages by Verticillium dahliae (highly virulent, defoliating pathotype). A huge number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between 'Frantoio' and 'Picual' (27 312 unigenes) in the absence of the pathogen. Upon infection with V. dahliae, 'Picual' and 'Frantoio' plants responded differently too. In the early infection stages, four clusters of DEGs could be identified according to their time-course expression patterns. Among others, a pathogenesis-related protein of the Bet v I family and a dirigent-like protein involved in lignification, and several BAK1, NHL1, reactive oxygen species stress response and BAM unigenes showed noticeable differences between cultivars. Tolerance of 'Frantoio' plants to VWO is a consequence of a complex and multifaceted process which involves many plant traits.
Job Matching and the Wage Distribution

This paper brings together the microeconomic-labor and the macroeconomic-equilibrium views of matching in labor markets. We nest a job matching model a la Jovanovic (1984) into a Mortensen and Pissarides (1994)-type equilibrium search environment. The resulting framework preserves the implications of job matching theory for worker turnover and wage dynamics, and it also allows for aggregation and general equilibrium analysis. We obtain two new equilibrium implications of job matching and search frictions for wage inequality. First, learning about match quality and worker turnover map Gaussian output noise into an ergodic wage distribution of empirically accurate shape: unimodal, skewed, with a Paretian right tail. Second, high idiosyncratic productivity risk hinders learning and sorting, and reduces wage inequality. The equilibrium solutions for the wage distribution and for the aggregate worker flows-quits to unemployment and to other jobs, displacements, hires-provide the likelihood function of the model in closed form. Copyright The Econometric Society 2005.
Fully automated, all-enzymatic triglyceride method adapted to the GEMSAEC centrifugal analyzer, with use of an aqueous triolein standard.

We describe a completely automated enzymatic method for estimating serum triglycerides with a centrifugal analyzer (ENI-GEMSAEC). Accuracy and precision (CV, 2 to 4.8%) and the upper limit of linearity (400 mg/100 ml) are monitored by use of newly developed, clear, aqueous triolein standards. A modified computer program (FOCAL 8) is used for data manipulation and correcting absorbance to zero reaction time. Results cornpare well with those obtained by an automated fluorometric procedure and a manual enzymatic procedure.
'WearCam' (The wearable camera): personal imaging systems for long-term use in wearable tetherless computer-mediated reality and personal photo/videographic memory prosthesis

The purpose of this paper is to disclose the operational principles of 'WearCam', the basis for wearable tetherless computer-mediated reality both in its idealized form, as well as in some practical embodiments of the invention, including one of its latest embodiments. The specific inner workings of WearCam, in particular; details of its optical arrangement, have not previously been disclosed, other than by allowing a small number of individuals to look inside the glasses. General considerations, background, and relevant findings, in the area of long-term use of wearable, tetherless computer-mediated reality are also presented. Some general insight (arising from having designed and built more than 100 different kinds of personal imaging systems over the last 20 years) is also provided. Unlike the artificiality of many controlled laboratory experiments, much of the insight gained from these experiences relates to the natural complexity of real-life situations.
A 3.5 W 977 nm cladding-pumped jacketed air-clad ytterbium-doped fiber laser

A cladding-pumped ytterbium-doped jacketed air clad fiber laser operating at 977 nm generates a record-breaking 3.5 W of output power in a nearly diffraction-limited output beam, with a slope efficiency of 42% and a threshold of 410 mW with respect to launched power.
Opposition-Based Differential Evolution (ODE) with Variable Jumping Rate

In this paper, a time varying jumping rate (TVJR) model for opposition-based differential evolution (ODE) has been proposed. According to this model, the jumping rate changes linearly during the evolution based on the number of function evaluations. A test suite with 15 well-known benchmark functions has been employed to compare performance of the DE and ODE with variable jumping rate settings. Results show that a higher jumping rate is more desirable during the exploration than during the exploitation. Details for the proposed approach and the conducted experiments are provided
Physically-based edge labeling

The authors present a physically based approach, using polarization, to distinguish three types of image edges; limb edges, specular edges, and albedo/physical edges. Assuming general imaging conditions and smooth dielectric surfaces, a labeling scheme which enables one to distinguish among these edge types has been developed. The method is demonstrated on laboratory images. <<ETX>>