Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preprints in motion: tracking changes between posting and journal publication

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, preprints in the biomedical sciences are being posted and accessed at unprecedented rates, drawing widespread attention from the general public, press and policymakers for the first time. This phenomenon has sharpened longstanding questions about the reliability of information shared prior to journal peer review. Does the information shared in preprints typically withstand the scrutiny of peer review, or are conclusions likely to change in the version of record? We assessed preprints that had been posted and subsequently published in a journal between 1st January and 30th April 2020, representing the initial phase of the pandemic response. We utilised a combination of automatic and manual annotations to quantify how an article changed between the preprinted and published version. We found that the total number of figure panels and tables changed little between preprint and published articles. Moreover, the conclusions of 6% of non-COVID-19-related and 15% of COVID-19-related abstracts undergo a discrete change by the time of publication, but the majority of these changes do not reverse the main message of the paper.
forthcoming in Philosophical Psychology Self-Sacrifice and the Trolley Problem

Judith Jarvis Thomson has recently proposed a new argument for the thesis that killing the one in the Trolley Problem is not permissible. Her argument relies on the introduction of a new scenario in which the bystander may also sacrifice herself to save the five. Thomson argues that those not willing to sacrifice themselves if they could may not kill the one to save the five. Bryce Huebner and Marc Hauser have recently put Thomson’s argument to the empirical test by asking people what they should do in the new trilemma case in which they may also sacrifice themselves. They found that the majority judge that they should either kill the one or sacrifice themselves; Huebner and Hauser argue that those numbers speak against Thomson’s argument. But Thomson’s argument was about the dialectical effect of the new trilemma on the traditional dilemma, rather than about the trilemma itself. Here I present the results of a study in which I asked subjects first what they should do in the trilemma and then what they should do in the traditional Trolley Problem. I found that, if asked first about the trilemma, subjects then have the intuition that killing the one in the traditional Bystander at the Switch is not permissible – exactly what Thomson’s argument had predicted. In one of the infamous thought-experiments of analytic philosophy, a runaway trolley is about to kill five workmen who cannot move off the tracks quickly enough; their only chance is for a bystander to flip a switch to divert the trolley onto a side-track, where one workman would be killed. In a parallel scenario, the bystander’s only chance to save the five is to push a fat man off a bridge onto the tracks: that will stop the trolley but the fat man will die. Why is it permissible for the bystander to divert the trolley onto
COPD_A_316555 631..641

1Department of Respiratory Science, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; 2Faculty of Nursing, KIU, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 3Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK; 4National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 5Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; 6Primary Care Respiratory Group, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 7Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
Yields of relay cropped greens grown in green roof production systems

As interest in urban food production increases, urban farmers are looking for solutions to the challenge of space availability. One solution is to move production to building rooftops, a space that is often underutilized. The use of green roof technology is one method of achieving food production on rooftops; however, there are some additional challenges associated with this practice as a result of the fastdraining, low-nutrient media used. This is particularly challenging for vegetable crops, which typically require more nutrients than the ornamental plants traditionally grown in green roof media. Some rooftop farmers are adding additional organic matter in the form of compost to their beds as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. Currently, there is little research on how rooftop production systems affect crops. Green roof platforms were established at the Harold R. Benson Research and Demonstration Farm in Frankfort, Kentucky, to examine crop yield in green roof systems supplemented with compost. Treatments were a topsoil no compost control, a green roof media no compost control and 3 green roof media treatments: the addition of 0.33, 0.66, or 1 kg m-2 of compost. Organic fertilizers were used to supply additional nutrients to vegetable plants. The crops selected were lettuce, arugula, mizuna, mustard, Swiss chard, kale, and spinach. These were relay cropped in succession during two growing seasons (2018 and 2019). At each harvest, the amount of time harvesting required (in seconds), total yield, and marketable yield (determined by visual examination) were measured for each platform. Yield results were analyzed in R. Analysis of variance was performed on all variables for each crop; compost treatment and year were fixed effects. Significant differences between treatment means were analyzed using Tukey HSD (alpha of 0.05). Results for kale show differences between 2018 and 2019 for harvest time and total yield in the topsoil control, but no differences for marketable yield. These differences are likely due to weather conditions. Kale harvest time, total yield in 2019 but not 2018, and marketable yield were highest in the topsoil control. Harvest time of the topsoil control was not significantly higher than the 1 kg m-2 of compost in green roof media. The marketable yield of the topsoil control was not significantly higher than 0.66 or 1 kg m-2 compost treatments in green roof media. Results for additional crops will also be presented.
The Influence of Teaching Quality, Social Support, and Career Self-Efficacy on the Career Adaptability Skills: Evidence from a Polytechnic in Indonesia

Introduction. Changes in the industry impact the stable condition of working in a company or industry and it is not something that can be guaranteed again in the future. The proof is that there are many phenomena of job transfers or even layoffs in various business sectors due to COVID-19 pandemic. Many studies have examined the importance of developing career adaptability skills to face the changing needs of the industry. However, studies that discuss the mechanism of forming career adaptability skills involving important antecedent factors such as teaching quality, social support, and career self-efficacy of polytechnic students are still limited. Therefore, this study aims at examining the effect of teaching quality, social support, and career self-efficacy factors on the career adaptability skills of polytechnic students. Materials and Methods. This study involved 265 students at a polytechnic in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The students expressed their perceptions of the quality of their internship learning, social support, and career selfefficacy – data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling by Amos 18 software. Results. This study reveals that teaching quality and social support does not have a direct effect on career adaptability skills. Meanwhile, career self-efficacy has a direct effect on the career adaptability skills of polytechnic students. Other findings, teaching quality and social support have a direct effect on the career self-efficacy of polytechnic students. Finally, career self-efficacy mediates the effect of teaching quality and social support on the career adaptability skills of polytechnic students. Discussion and Conclusion. This study provides important implications for the development of learning in vocational education so that students have a good mastery of career adaptability skills. Vocational education practitioners must design a vocational teaching model that combines vocational teaching, social support, and career self-efficacy to form mastery of career adaptability skills for pop-polytechnic students. In addition, the development of a vocational education curriculum needs to include mastery of career adaptability skills for students in vocational education, be it vocational high schools or polytechnics. In further research, it is necessary to develop a vocational learning model that aims to inculcate career adaptability skills for vocational students.
Personal and social norms in a multilevel public goods experiment

In this study we provide a novel measurement of personal normative beliefs, empirical expectations and normative expectations in the multilevel public goods game. The objective is twofold. On the one hand, we aim at investigating whether personal and social norms are reactive to variations in the relative efficiency of the public goods. On the other hand, we aim at understating which kind of norm better explains contribution to both the public goods. In our online experiment, personal norms, as elicited by personal normative beliefs, play a crucial role. They are both more reactive to efficiency gains and more in line with contribution decisions as efficiency increases. However, social norms, as elicited by empirical expectations and normative expectations, still anchor contribution decisions to social expectations, especially when the efficiency of the related public good is relatively low. Moreover, we highlight a norm spillover effect among the public goods with the empirical expectations concerning one good impacting (negatively) the contribution to the other public good. This result reveals how norms referred to alternative reference networks may interact with each other and possibly conflict.
The Inﬂuence of Age and Winter Environment on Protein Block Intake Behavior of Beef Cattle Winter Grazing Mixed-Grass Rangelands and behavior of winter on mixed-grass

: This study evaluated the inﬂuence of cow age and temperature adjusted for windchill (T ) on supplement intake behavior of cattle winter grazing rangelands. A mixed-age herd of Angus-based cows (291 and 316 in year 1 and 2, respectively) were classiﬁed by age (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5–7-, and ≥ 8-year-old) and grazed rangeland pasture (329-ha) for two consecutive winters. Cows were provided free-choice access to supplement protein blocks in a SmartFeedPro self-feeder system. An Onset HOBO Weather Station collected data throughout the grazing period. Supplement intake (expressed as kg · d − 1 and g · kg body weight − 1 ), the coefﬁcient of variation in supplement intake and intake rate (g · min − 1 ) displayed T windchill × cow age × year interactions ( p ≤ 0.02). In general, cow age displayed a quadratic effect on all supplement intake variables ( p ≤ 0.04), where 3- to 4-year-old cattle had the greatest supplement intake with the least variation, while yearling cattle had the least amount of supplement intake and the greatest variation. In conclusion, winter environmental conditions interacted with cow age to affect cattle supplement intake behavior and, consequently, the efﬁcacy of nutrient delivery systems for beef cattle winter grazing on rangelands.
Safety Management and Wellbeing during COVID-19: A Pilot Study in the Manufactory Sector

Background: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has generated anxiety and concerns among the whole population, by also affecting people’s working life quality. Although several studies underlined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the healthcare sector, very few studies investigated the consequences in the occupational sectors with low risk of contagion. Method: 220 full-time in-presence workers of the manufacturing sector agreed to participate in a study of cross-sectional design during September and October 2020. Data were collected by means of a self-reported questionnaire conceived to investigate the constructs of the COVID-19 concerns, both the personal contribution and the supervisor support to workplace safety, the organizational commitment to safety, and finally, the level of workers’ exhaustion. Results: This study highlights that COVID-19 concerns represent a significant source of stress since it is significantly associated to higher levels of exhaustion among workers. Furthermore, the findings show the relevance of resources related to employee’s personal contribution to safety management as well as the role of climate variables. Conclusions: These results promote knowledge on the role of COVID-19 concerns in affecting psychological wellbeing at work, as well as the impact of both individual and job-related resources that may prevent exhaustion at work. Finally, the present findings also have implications for organizations and the maintenance of their commitment to safety.
Antifungal Sesquiterpenoids from Michelia formosana Leaf Essential Oil against Wood-Rotting Fungi

Michelia formosana (Kanehira) Masamune is a broad-leaved species widespread in East Asia; the wood extract and its constituents possess antifungal activity against wood-decay fungi. Antifungal activities of leaf essential oil and its constituents from M. formosana were investigated in the present study. Bioassay-guided isolation was applied to isolate the phytochemicals from leaf essential oil. 1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, and MS spectroscopic analyses were applied to elucidate the chemical structures of isolated compounds. Leaf essential oil displayed antifungal activity against wood decay fungi and was further separated into 11 fractions by column chromatography. Four sesquiterpenoids were isolated and identified from the active fractions of leaf essential oil through bioassay-guided isolation. Among these sesquiterpenoids, guaiol, bulnesol, and β-elemol have higher antifungal activity against brown-rot fungus Laetiporus sulphureus and white-rot fungus Lenzites betulina. Leaf essential oil and active compounds showed better antifungal activity against L. sulphureus than against L. betulina. The molecular structure of active sesquiterpenoids all contain the hydroxyisopropyl group. Antifungal sesquiterpenoids from M. formosana leaf essential oil show potential as natural fungicides for decay control of lignocellulosic materials.
Behavioral Anomalies and Fuel Efficiency: Evidence from Motorcycles in Nepal

Air pollution is a grave problem in urban areas of developing countries, with the transport sector being one of the largest contributors to emissions. A possibility to reduce carbon dioxide emissions would be for individuals to switch to more fuel-efficient vehicles. However, a gamut of behavioral anomalies and market failures have been known to inhibit individuals from investing in fuel-efficiency (due to the well-known ‘energy-efficiency gap’). In this study, we use novel data from Kathmandu, Nepal to understand the socio-economic and psychological determinants of three behavioral anomalies, namely present bias, loss aversion, risk aversion, as well as time preferences. In a second step, we evaluate the effect of these anomalies on the energy-efficiency gap in the choice of motorcycles of individuals. We find that present-biased individuals are less likely to invest in fuel-efficient motorcycles, and thus more likely to buy motorcycles having relatively high total lifetime costs. We also find that other factors such as income, as well as having applied for loans, play an important role in determining these choices. Our results suggest that behavioral anomalies may indeed pose as a hindrance to individuals making cost-minimizing (and also environmentally sound) investment decisions. JEL Classification: D1, D8; Q4; Q5
Polydopamine-Coated Poly-Lactic Acid Aerogels as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) aerogel-based scaffolds were obtained from physical PLLA gels containing cyclopentanone (CPO) or methyl benzoate (BzOMe) molecules. An innovative single step method of solvent extraction, using supercritical CO2, was used to achieve cylindrical monolithic aerogels. The pore distribution and size, analyzed by SEM microscopy, were found to be related to the crystalline forms present in the physical nodes that hold the gels together, the stable α’-form and the metastable co-crystalline ε-form, detected in the PLLA/BzOMe and PLLA/CPO aerogels, respectively. A higher mechanical compressive strength was found for the PLLA/CPO aerogels, which exhibit a more homogenous porosity. In vitro biocompatibility tests also indicated that monolithic PLLA/CPO aerogels exhibited greater cell viability than PLLA/BzOMe aerogels. An improved biocompatibility of PLLA/CPO monolithic aerogels was finally observed by coating the surface of the aerogels with polydopamine (PDA) obtained by the in situ polymerization of dopamine (DA). The synergistic effect of biodegradable polyester (PLLA) and the biomimetic interface (PDA) makes this new 3D porous scaffold, with porosity and mechanical properties that are tunable based on the solvent used in the preparation process, attractive for tissue engineering applications.
New Insights into the Structure and Assembly of Bacteriophage P1

Bacteriophage P1 is the premier transducing phage of E. coli. Despite its prominence in advancing E. coli genetics, modern molecular techniques have not been applied to thoroughly understand P1 structure. Here, we report the proteome of the P1 virion as determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Additionally, a library of single-gene knockouts identified the following five previously unknown essential genes: pmgA, pmgB, pmgC, pmgG, and pmgR. In addition, proteolytic processing of the major capsid protein is a known feature of P1 morphogenesis, and we identified the processing site by N-terminal sequencing to be between E120 and S121, producing a 448-residue, 49.3 kDa mature peptide. Furthermore, the P1 defense against restriction (Dar) system consists of six known proteins that are incorporated into the virion during morphogenesis. The largest of these, DarB, is a 250 kDa protein that is believed to translocate into the cell during infection. DarB deletions indicated the presence of an N-terminal packaging signal, and the N-terminal 30 residues of DarB are shown to be sufficient for directing a heterologous reporter protein to the capsid. Taken together, the data expand on essential structural P1 proteins as well as introduces P1 as a nanomachine for cellular delivery.
Happiness at Work among Public Relations Practitioners in Spain

Happiness at work is a consolidated topic. Perhaps the PR and communication sector, often at the forefront of organizational change, is one of the industries where most progress has been made in this regard. The objective of the present study was to carry out an exploratory analysis on the extent to which PR is a profession that enables the development of happiness in the workplace. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of PR professionals in Spain (N = 256). The questionnaire consisted of the PERMA-profiler, a model where work relationships, engagement, positive affections/emotions, vital sense/purpose and achievements are measured. The results show a remarkable level of happiness among surveyed professionals, especially among women, who obtained higher scores on all five factors, although with a statistically significant difference only in two of the five factors in PERMA (Engagement and Relationships). Neither age nor the hierarchical level of the respondent had any incidence. Therefore, PR can be a profession that notably enables human flourishing at work, even more so among women.
Etiologic Profile of Non-Compressive Myelopathy in a Large Tertiary Care Centre of North West Part of India

The term myelopathy describes pathologic condition that cause damage or dysfunction of spinal cord, meningeal or perimeningeal space. Here we tried to determine the etiological profile of non-compressive myelopathies in a tertiary care centre of north west India. Objectives-1. To study the clinical and radiological features of noncompressive myelopathies. 2. To determine the causes of non-compressive myelopathies. Material and Method: An observational study was carried out in the neurology department of a large tertiary care centre of north west India from May 2018 to June 2020.Total number of patients were 70. MRI brain and spine along with visually evoked potential test and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were done in all 70 cases.ResultsOut of 70 patients, 50 (71.4 %) were males and 20 (28.57 %) females. Mean age of presentation was 31.95 years. Patients were subdivided on the basis of age into groups <18 years (15 patients-21.4 %), 18-45 years (42 patients-60 %) and >45 years (13 patients-18.5 %). Onset of illness was acute to sub-acute in nature in all the cases. Bladder and bowel involvement was seen in maximum cases (55 cases-78.6 %). Patients found to have long segment myelitis (50 patients-71.4 %), short segment myelitis (13 patients-18.5 %) and spinal cord without changes (7 patients-10 %). Demyelinating illness was most common in occurrence20 cases out of 70 (28.6 %) comprising 10 NMO positive (14.3 %), 8 MOG positive (11.4 %) and 2 multiple sclerosis cases (2.8 %). Six cases (8.6 %) each of tubercular myelitis and post infectious (non-tubercular) ATM including 1 case (1.4 %) of post herpetic myelitis were found along with five cases (7.1 %) of sub acute combined degeneration and 2 cases (2.9 %) of spinal AVM (Arterio-venous malformation) 31 (44.3 %) cases remained undiagnosed due to nonaffordability to further blood tests. Conclusion: Most common cause was found to be demyelinating illness followed by tubercular, post infectious and vitamin B12 deficiency cases.