Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Dynamic Model Capturing Spatial and Temporal Patterns for Facial Expression Analysis

Facial expression analysis could be greatly improved by incorporating spatial and temporal patterns present in facial behavior, but the patterns have not yet been utilized to their full advantage. We remedy this via a novel dynamic model-an interval temporal restricted Boltzmann machine (IT-RBM) - that is able to capture both universal spatial patterns and complicated temporal patterns in facial behavior for facial expression analysis. We regard a facial expression as a multifarious activity composed of sequential or overlapping primitive facial events. Allen's interval algebra is implemented to portray these complicated temporal patterns via a two-layer Bayesian network. The nodes in the upper-most layer are representative of the primitive facial events, and the nodes in the lower layer depict the temporal relationships between those events. Our model also captures inherent universal spatial patterns via a multi-value restricted Boltzmann machine in which the visible nodes are facial events, and the connections between hidden and visible nodes model intrinsic spatial patterns. Efficient learning and inference algorithms are proposed. Experiments on posed and spontaneous expression distinction and expression recognition demonstrate that our proposed IT-RBM achieves superior performance compared to state-of-the art research due to its ability to incorporate these facial behavior patterns.
The FGM Long-Term Bivariate Survival Copula Model: Modeling, Bayesian Estimation, and Case Influence Diagnostics

In this article, we propose a bivariate long-term distribution based on the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula model. The proposed model allows for the presence of censored data and covariates. For inferential purposes, a Bayesian approach via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) were considered. Further, some discussions on the model selection criteria are given. In order to examine outlying and influential observations, we present a Bayesian case deletion influence diagnostics based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The newly developed procedures are illustrated on artificial and real data.
Different response of dayside auroras to increases in solar wind dynamic pressure

Variations in the solar wind dynamic pressure can create changes in the auroral brightness, especially in the dayside region. In this study, mainly using Polar Ultraviolet Imager auroral images and NASA OMNI magnetic field and plasma data, we investigate the relationship between interplanetary parameters and dayside aurora intensification. We first identify the dayside aurora cases caused by the solar wind dynamic pressure increases from 1997 through 1999 and divide these cases into two types: one with intensification and the other without significant intensification following the increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Then, case by case, we examine the separate roles of the solar wind density and velocity on auroral brightness. Our result demonstrates that the dayside aurora intensification requires the contributions of both the density and solar wind velocity increases. The solar wind density increase alone (without velocity increase) could not create the dayside aurora intensification.
Blind image deblurring based on trained dictionary and curvelet using sparse representation

Motion blur is one of the most significant and common artifacts causing poor image quality in digital photography, in which many factors resulted. In imaging process, if the objects are moving quickly in the scene or the camera moves in the exposure interval, the image of the scene would blur along the direction of relative motion between the camera and the scene, e.g. camera shake, atmospheric turbulence. Recently, sparse representation model has been widely used in signal and image processing, which is an effective method to describe the natural images. In this article, a new deblurring approach based on sparse representation is proposed. An overcomplete dictionary learned from the trained image samples via the KSVD algorithm is designed to represent the latent image. The motion-blur kernel can be treated as a piece-wise smooth function in image domain, whose support is approximately a thin smooth curve, so we employed curvelet to represent the blur kernel. Both of overcomplete dictionary and curvelet system have high sparsity, which improves the robustness to the noise and more satisfies the observer's visual demand. With the two priors, we constructed restoration model of blurred images and succeeded to solve the optimization problem with the help of alternating minimization technique. The experiment results prove the method can preserve the texture of original images and suppress the ring artifacts effectively.
ON THE NORMS OF UNITS IN QUADRATIC FIELDS

has a solution in integers. (This and other basic facts stated here without proof can be found in various texts on number theory such as [I ].) An obvious necessary condition for (1) to have a solution is that no factor of d be congruent to 3 modulo 4. The result that this condition is sufficient if d is prime goes back to Legendre; the general problem has been investigated by a number of authors. (See the introduction and list of references in [2].) The theorem we give below does not seem to have been noted explicitly. It is quite elementary and leads directly to various sufficient conditions for the solvability of (1). The theorem and its proof were suggested by the proof given in [1, p. 185] for the case that d is a prime.
Influence of Magnetic Field Intensity on the Temperature Dependence of Magnetization of Ni2.08Mn0.96Ga0.96 Alloy

Results of investigation of the temperature dependence of magnetization of Ni2.08Mn0. 96Ga0.96 alloy in the magnetic fields of various intensities are reported. An abrupt change in magnetization at transformation of low temperature phase to the high temperature one is observed. Magnetization increases during the phase transition in the magnetic field having intensity below 500 kA/m and decreases at higher intensities. The explanation is based on zigzag configuration of domains in twinned structure. In the Curie temperature region the ferromagnetic ? paramagnetic phase transition occurs sharply at low field strength, while at higher field strength the transition is smooth. It is concluded that the increase in flatness of the curve σ = f (T) and the increase of ferromagnetic state destruction temperature with increase of the intensity of the magnetic field is indicative of the main role of Mn in magnetization of the alloy.
Risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing microvascular decompression

This study is to identify the risk factors for postoperative delirium (PODE) in patients undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD) for the treatment of primary cranial nerve disorders. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 912 patients (354 men, 558 women) with primary cranial nerve disorders (trigeminal neuralgia, 602 patients; hemifacial spasm, 296 patients; glossopharyngeal neuralgia, 14 patients) who underwent MVD in the Neurosurgery Department of Lanzhou University Second Hospital between July 2007 and June 2018. Potential risk factors for PODE were identified using univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis.Of the 912 patients, 221 (24.2%) patients developed PODE. Patients with PODE were significantly older and significantly more likely to be male than patients without PODE. A history of hypertension, preoperative carbamazepine therapy, and postoperative sleep disturbance and tension pneumocephalus were independently associated with PODE. Variables such as body-mass index, smoking and drinking habits, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, mean operative time, affected vessel, mean blood loss, postoperative intensive care unit stay, postoperative fever (>38°C), and routine laboratory results were not associated with PODE in our patients.PODE is a common complication after MVD, and is associated with multiple risk factors, including old age, male sex, hypertension, preoperative carbamazepine use, postoperative sleep disturbance, and tension pneumocephalus.
Diffuse Interstellar Bands: The Way Forward

Abstract Rather than a summary of the conference, I present here an overview of the status of the field and our progress over the last two decades from the points of view of astronomy, molecular physics, spectroscopy, and astrochemistry. While at first sight, progress may seem slow, actually, we have made an important stride forward. We have recognized now that the problem is very complex and identifying the carriers of the Diffuse Interstellar Bands will require a concerted effort of astronomers, molecular physicists, spectroscopists, and astrochemists. While this is a daunting prospect, we have identified the tools that we need to make this happen.
Recombination of an atomic system in one, two, and three dimensions in the presence of an ultrastrong attosecond laser pulse: A comparison of results obtained using a Coulomb and a smoothed Coulomb potential

The dynamics of recombination in an ultrastrong laser field is studied by numerical simulations performed for one-dimensional 1D, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional atomic systems modeled by the hydrogen atom Coulomb potential as well as by a model potential with a smoothed core. A nonmonotonic behavior of the total bound-states’ final population is studied as a function of the laser field amplitude. The dependence of the results on the used atomic potential is demonstrated. It is shown that the recombination probabilities calculated in these two cases may differ even qualitatively. Even eigenstates of the 1D hydrogen atom are shown to play a significant role in the time evolution.
Multichannel AC Biosusceptometry System to Map Biodistribution and Assess the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Imaging

In this paper, the application of a technique to evaluate in vivo biodistribution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) is addressed: the Multichannel AC Biosusceptometry System (MC-ACB). It allows real-time assessment of magnetic nanoparticles in both bloodstream clearance and liver accumulation, where a complex network of inter-related cells is responsible for MNP uptake. Based on the acquired MC-ACB images, we propose a mathematical model which helps to understand the distribution and accumulation pharmacokinetics of MNP. The MC-ACB showed a high time resolution to detect and monitor MNP, providing sequential images over the particle biodistribution. Utilizing the MC-ACB instrument, we assessed regions corresponding to the heart and liver, and we determined the MNP transfer rates between the bloodstream and the liver. The pharmacokinetic model resulted in having a strong correlation with the experimental data, suggesting that the MC-ACB is a valuable and accessible imaging device to assess in vivo and real-time pharmacokinetic features of MNP.
Viscoelastic behaviour of cellular solutions to the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky model

A multiple-scale analysis of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky one-dimensional model of a flame front with 2π-periodic boundary conditions is presented. For arbitrary large values of the number M of linearly unstable modes there exist stable steady solutions of period 2π/N where N = O(M). These ‘cellular solutions’ exhibit elastic behaviour under perturbations of wavelength much larger than 2π/N. The results are illustrated by numerical experiments. Elasticity has its origin in the translation and Galilean invariances. Similar invariance properties are likely to be at the root of the viscoelastic behaviour of turbulent flows conjectured by many authors.
Aeroacoustic Investigation of an Open Cavity at Low Mach Number

The laminar flow and the near-field acoustics of an open cavity at Mach number 0.15 is computed by direct solution (two-dimensional) of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The radiated sound is also computed by an acoustic analogy, a modified version of Curle's equation, and compared to the directly computed sound field. The agreement is found to be good. The contributions from the various source terms in Curle's equation are quantified, and the terms involving wall-pressure fluctuations are found to account for most of the radiated intensity. These main source terms are investigated further, and it is found that they are especially large in the downstream part of the cavity, and for about two cavity lengths downstream of the cavity. The upstream dominance of the radiated sound is explained by the fact that the downstream cavity wall contributes primarily to the upstream direction. Correlations between the radiated sound and the source terms, coupled with where the source terms are large, suggest that the near-field terms display a stronger upstream dominance than the far-field terms, and hence the far-field directivity is expected to be flatter.
Noise Radiated from an Edge in Turbulent Flow

An evanescent-wa ve formulation relates sound radiated from subsonic turbulent flow at the edge of a semiinfinite rigid surface to a wavevector-frequency spectral density P(K,u>) of hydrodynamic pressure. This has been used to obtain the frequency spectra of nearfield pressure in the surface and of farfield radiated pressure and the cross-spectrum between them. A model differing from those used previously is suggested for P(K,u>) to fit the frequency dependence of nearfield (and radiated) pressure spectra measured in jet-flow experiments and is interpreted to indicate dominance by the mean-shear source term. Results are applied to a recent experiment where a jet streamed off a flat surface. With model parameters determined mainly from nearfield surface pressure spectra, the predicted radiated spectrum agrees well with that measured. The measured crosscorrelations between nearfield and radiated pressure plotted vs edge distance from the nearfield point at different frequencies roughly coalesce when normalized in accord with a predicted universal form and agree adequately with the result of the model. Significant validation of the method and of the proposed characterization of hydrodynamic pressure is thus obtained for the given flow configuration. Extension to two-sided flows is discussed.
Neurally mediated syncope diagnosis based on adenylate cyclase activity in Japanese patients

The study aims to clarify the mechanism in patients with neurally mediated syncope (NMS), focusing on the adenylate cyclase (AC) activity level in lymphocytes. This study included 40 subjects: 22 healthy volunteers and 18 NMS patients. We investigated the changes in AC activity that occur during of syncope at rest and during the head-up tilt (HUT) test. We obtained 8 mL of blood at rest time and four times during the HUT test. Then, we measured the AC activity and the test reagent was added to the lymphocytes (10,000) and reacted for 30 min at room temperature. We were able to determine the standard value of AC activity when adrenaline (AD) and isoproterenol (IP) were added to lymphocytes. The results of our study showed one of the causes of NMS has a difference in AC activity level and classification of the patients into two different types of NMS was possible: either the vasodepressor type (VT) or mixed type (MT). At rest time, VT patients showed significantly higher AC activity (AD; 100 μM: p = 0.005, IP; 50 μM: p = 0.02) and MT patients showed significantly lower AC activity (AD; 10 μM: p = 0.02, IP; 50 μM: p = 0.004) than the average AC activity in healthy volunteers. Moreover, VT patients had significantly higher AC activity than healthy volunteers at the four points of the HUT test. MT patients had significantly lower AC activity (AD: p = 0.04 and IP: p = 0.04) than healthy volunteers at the rest time of HUT. Our study showed a significant difference in AC activities between NMS patients and healthy volunteers at rest. Therefore, a detailed NMS diagnosis can be made by examining AC activity levels in blood taken at rest time.
Adaptive nonparametric CUSUM scheme for detecting unknown shifts in location

In this paper, we provide a sequential rank-based adaptive nonparametric cumulative sum control chart for detecting a range of shifts in the location parameter. This chart is a self-starting scheme, and thus can be used to monitor processes at the start-up stages rather than having to wait for the accumulation of sufficiently large calibration samples. It does not require any prior knowledge of the underlying distribution. The choice of the chart parameters is studied and a simulation study demonstrates that the proposed control chart not only performs robustly for different distributions, but also efficiently detects various magnitudes of shifts. An illustrative example is also given to introduce the implementation of this proposed control chart.
Influence of surface states on the extraction of transport parameters from InAs nanowire field effect transistors

The capacitive effects of interface trap states in top-gated InAs nanowire field effect transistors and their influence on the experimental extraction of transport parameters are discussed. Time resolved transfer characteristics exhibit transient behavior indicating surface state trapping and detrapping with long characteristic time constants of 45s. Varying gate voltage sweep rate results in a time-dependent extrinsic transconductance; a reduced gate voltage sweep rate leads to a charge neutral interface, reduced interface state capacitance, higher measured transconductance, and minimal hysteresis. These results demonstrate that measurements with a charge neutralized or passivated surface are key to extract intrinsic nanowire transport parameters.
A quantitative theory for terrestrial foreshock radio emissions

We present the first quantitative theoretical results for the spatial distribution and flux levels of fundamental (fp) and second harmonic (2fp) plasma radiation generated in Earth's foreshock by beam‐driven Langmuir waves. The theory predicts that both the fp and 2fp source regions typically extend over several hundred Earth radii (RE) along the tangent magnetic field line. In the direction perpendicular to the magnetic tangent, however, the source regions are more localized, with the peak emission confined to ≲10RE for 2fp radiation and ≲1RE for fp radiation. The flux levels predicted by our model are in close agreement with the levels measured in situ by various spacecraft, with typical values ∼10−14W m−2 for 2fp radiation. The fp flux densities are typically 2–3 orders of magnitude lower.
On the impulse response for swept boundary-layer flows

Swept-wedge flows are used to study the effects of pressure gradient and flow angle on the stability of three-dimensional laminar boundary layers. It is shown that the flow is absolutely unstable in the chordwise direction, i.e. disturbances grow in time at every chordwise location, for certain parameter combinations. However, laminar–turbulent transition may still be a convective process.
Silicon nanowire-array-textured solar cells for photovoltaic application

In this paper, a vertical-aligned silicon nanowires (Si NWs) array has been synthesized and implemented to the Si NW-array-textured solar cells for photovoltaic application. The optical properties of a Si NWs array on both the plane and pyramid-array-textured substrates were examined in terms of optical reflection property. Less than 2% reflection ratio at 800 nm wavelength was achieved. Using leftover monocrystalline Si (c-Si) wafer (125×125 mm2), a 16.5% energy conversion efficiency, with 35.4% enhancement compared to the pyramid-array-textured c-Si solar cells, was made by the Si NW-array-textured solar cells due to their enhanced optical absorption characteristics. However, without SiNx passivation, the short circuit current reduced due to the increased surface recombination when using Si NWs array as surface texturing, indicating that an optimum surface passivation was prerequisite in high-efficiency Si NW-array-textured solar cells.
CircRNA ZNF609 promotes growth and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by competing with microRNA-150-5p.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the biological function of circular RNA ZNF609 (circ-ZNF609) in regulating the occurrence and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression levels of circ-ZNF609, microRNA-150-5p and Sp1 in NPC tissues and normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Circ-ZNF609 expression was silenced in NPC cell lines (5-8F and HONE-1). Cellular behaviors of NPC cells were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing and transwell assay. The binding relationship among microRNA-150-5p, circ-ZNF609 and Sp1 was detected by Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay. In addition, the protein expression of Sp1 after altering expression of circ-ZNF609 or microRNA-150-5p was detected by Western blot. RESULTS The expression levels of circ-ZNF609 and Sp1 in NPC tissues were markedly higher than those of normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. However, the expression of microRNA-150-5p was significantly lower in NPC tissues. The knockdown of circ-ZNF609 in NPC cells 5-8F and HONE-1 significantly inhibited the proliferative, migratory and invasive behaviors of NPC cells. Meanwhile, microRNA-150-5p knockdown in NPC cells showed the opposite effect on cellular behaviors of NPC cells. Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that circ-ZNF609 could bind to microRNA-150-5p, and Sp1 was a target gene of microRNA-150-5p. Western blot results showed that circ-ZNF609 could stabilize the expression of Sp1, while microRNA-150-5p degraded Sp1 expression. Furthermore, the knockdown of Sp1 in NPC cells reversed the carcinogenic effect of circ-ZNF609. CONCLUSIONS Highly expressed circ-ZNF609 adsorbs microRNA-150-5p to upregulate Sp1 expression, thereby promoting the proliferation and metastatic ability of NPC cells.
Chemophobia in the College Classroom: Extent, Sources, and Student Characteristics

The purpose of this research was to provide an understanding of chemophobia (chemistry anxiety) at the college level by determining (i) the extent of chemophobia in the college classroom; (ii) the factors that contribute to college studentsâ€™ anxiety about learning chemistry and handling chemicals; and (iii) the characteristics of college students who have anxiety about learning chemistry and handling chemicals. A questionnaire containing the Derived Chemistry Anxiety Rating Scale (mean = 81.47, SD = 21.31, a = 0.94), the Revised Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (mean = 56.68, SD = 20.55, a = 0.98), and the Trait-Anxiety Scale (mean = 39, SD = 10, a = 0.90) was administered to 480 college students (435 nonmajors and 45 chemistry majors) taking an introductory chemistry course. Eight interviews were conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed by SPSS (p â‰¤ .05). Chemophobia was found to exist at an average level between a little bit and moderate. Highest anxiety was associated with chemistry evaluation; l.