Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning by Using Traditional Children's Games "Sesiku" in Developing Early Childhood Character Values

The research objective was to examine learning plans, learning activities, and the impact of learning by using traditional games sesiku in building character values in Kindergartens in Bengkulu City. The children's character values that emerge from the traditional games sesiku are the character values of honesty, discipline, sportsmanship, cooperation, and help. The method used in this study was experimental. The instrument for the observation of character values was tested on 30 children aged 5-6 years. The validity used the character value of the observation guideline sheet with product-moment correlation and the reliability of the character value of the observation guideline sheet with Cronbach's Alfa. The T-test is used to see a significant difference between the two average parameters in the same sample group between the initial and final test scores. The research findings indicated that the format of the daily learning implementation plan had followed the appropriate format. The learning process integrates Bengkulu's traditional children's games into early activities outside the classroom. Bengkulu's traditional children's games are internalized into the lesson plan and teacher's lesson plan to contribute to developing character values in early childhood. In the teaching and learning process and after the end of the teaching and learning process, the character values of children can be observed from the behavior that appears, such as the character values of honesty, discipline, sportsmanship, cooperation, and help.
International Dental Research

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children's caries indices, plaque scores, and brushing habits in children aged 5-17 years. Methodology: A total of 100 children (39 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 61 healthy children) were included in the study. The plaque index, decay-missed-filled primary tooth (dmf-t) index, and decay-missed-filled permanent tooth (DMF-T) index values were evaluated by clinical examination. The plaque was evaluated using the Silness and Loe Plaque Index. Patient forms were examined to evaluate brushing habits. Results: When the survey data was examined, the number of healthy children who brushed their teeth was higher than that of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (p<0.05). The dental visit and dental treatment rates were similar in both groups (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of plaque index and dmf-t and DMF-T scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were observed to neglect oral care routines more than their healthy counterparts; however, this did not affect plaque and caries index values.
Correlation Between Baroreflex Sensitivity and Cerebral Autoregulation Index in Healthy Subjects

Despite the acknowledged interaction between baroreflex and cerebral autoregulation (CA), their functional relationship remains controversial. The study investigates this relationship in a healthy population undergoing an orthostatic challenge. Thirteen healthy subjects (age: $27\pm 8$ yrs; 5 males) underwent electrocardiogram, arterial pressure (AP) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) recordings at supine resting (REST) and during 60° head-up tilt (TILT). CA was assessed via the autoregulation index (ARI) from spontaneous variations of mean AP and mean CBFV. The cardiac control and baroreflex were evaluated via frequency domain and transfer function analyses applied to systolic AP and heart period variability. We found at REST a borderline positive correlation between ARI and indexes of sympathetic modulation and a stronger negative correlation with markers of vagal modulation and baroreflex sensitivity. Correlations were lost during TILT. Our data support the hypothesis that, when sympathetic drive is limited, vagal control and cardiac baroreflex have a compensatory effect on CA and sympathetic control could play a favorable role on CA.
Respiratory Rate Estimation Using the Photoplethysmogram: Towards the Implementation in Wearables

Respiratory rate (RR) is one of the most important physiological parameters. In recent years, the RR estimation from PPGs widely used in smart devices has been promoted. The effect of respiration on PPGs manifests in three ways: BW (intensity variation), AM (amplitude variation), FM (frequency variation). In addition to sophisticated RR estimation methods, reliable results can be achieved with simple and efficient methods implementable in wearables. The BW signal (respiratory signal estimation, RS) can be obtained by linear filtering of the PPG. The RR estimation is based on BW extremes (sBW), BW autocorrelation extremes (aBW) and their spectra (SBW, ABW). Estimation of the AM RS requires PPG extremes detection and interpolation. The RR estimation is based on extremes of the AM signal (sAM), its autocorrelation (aAM) and their spectra (SAM, AAM). The fusion of RR estimates leads to more robust results. To test the algorithms, the annotated BIDMC and CapnoBase Datasets were used. RR estimates were made for 60 s sections. The simplest and the most accurate method for both datasets is the RR estimation based on sBW (RsBW). The median absolute error was 0.40 (0.16-1.09 interquartile range 25-75th) bpm for the 60s window, mean absolute error was 1.42 bpm.
Pollution and acquisition: Emissions and distributional effects of mergers

I estimate the effect of corporate acquisitions on facility-level toxic air pollution and its firm-level distribution. I use event study designs that exploit variation in the timing of acquisition among target facilities, since acquisition is endogenous to the operation and emissions of polluting facilities. I find emissions fall dramatically in the years after an acquisition among Toxic Release Inventory-reporting facilities in the United States for the period 2001–2019, and suggest changes in plant-level operations drive observed decreases. I also find evidence of increased inequality in emissions among target plants after acquisition, and shifts in pollution toward less advantaged neighborhoods. These findings suggest consolidation in sectors with negative externalities may reduce levels of the externality but increase inequality in its exposure. ∗Harvard University and Iowa State University, irenejacqz@fas.harvard. edu. The author is grateful for helpful comments from Dan Phaneuf, Corbett Grainger, Bill Provencher, Sarah Johnston, Jeff Smith, Pete Maniloff, Ralf Martin, and AERE, OSWEET, Cornell Dyson, and ASSA seminar participants. Please find the most recent draft at www.irenejacqz. com.
Hydrology and riparian forests drive carbon and nitrogen supply and DOC:NO3− stoichiometry along a headwater Mediterranean stream

Abstract. In forest headwater streams, metabolic processes are predominately heterotrophic and depend on both the availability of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and a favourable C:N stoichiometry. In this context, hydrological conditions and the presence of riparian forests adjacent to streams can play an important, yet understudied role determining dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3−) concentrations and DOC:NO3− molar ratios. Here, we aimed to investigate how the interplay between hydrological conditions and riparian forest coverage drives DOC and NO3− supply and DOC:NO3− stoichiometry in an oligotrophic headwater Mediterranean stream. We analysed DOC and NO3− concentrations, and DOC:NO3− molar ratios during both base flow and storm flow conditions at three stream locations along a longitudinal gradient of increased riparian forest coverage. Further, we performed an event analysis to examine the hydroclimatic conditions that favour the transfer of DOC and NO3− from riparian soils to the stream during large storms. Stream DOC and NO3− concentrations were generally low (overall average ± SD was 1.0 ± 0.6 mg C L−1 and 0.20 ± 0.09 mg N L−1), although significantly higher during storm flow compared to base flow conditions in all three stream sites. Optimal DOC:NO3− stoichiometry for stream heterotrophic microorganisms (corresponding to DOC:NO3− molar ratios between 4.8 and 11.7) was prevalent at the midstream and downstream sites under both flow conditions, whereas C-limited conditions were prevalent at the upstream site, which had no surrounding riparian forest. The hydroclimatic analysis of large storm events highlighted different patterns of DOC and NO3− mobilization depending on antecedent soil moisture conditions: drier antecedent conditions promoted rapid elevations of riparian groundwater tables, hydrologically activating a wider and shallower soil layer, and leading to relatively higher increases in stream DOC and NO3− concentrations compared to events preceded by wet conditions. These results suggest that (i) increased supply of limited resources during storms can promote in-stream heterotrophic activity during high flows, especially during large storm events preceded by dry conditions, and (ii) C-limited conditions upstream were gradually overcome downstream, likely due to higher C inputs from riparian forests present at lower elevations. The contrasting spatiotemporal patterns in DOC and NO3− availability and DOC:NO3− stoichiometry observed at the study stream suggests that groundwater inputs from riparian forests are essential for maintaining in-stream heterotrophic activity in oligotrophic, forest headwater catchments.
Site-specific feasibility of alternate wetting and drying as a greenhouse gas mitigation option in irrigated rice fields in Southeast Asia: a synthesis

ABSTRACT This study comprises a comprehensive assessment, integration, and synthesis of data gathered from a 3-year field experiment conducted at four sites in Southeast Asia, namely Hue, Vietnam; Jakenan, Indonesia; Prachin Buri, Thailand; and Muñoz, Philippines, to assess the site-specific feasibility of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) as a greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation option in irrigated rice fields. AWD effectively reduced water use compared to continuous flooding (CF) but did not significantly reduce rice grain yield and soil carbon content in all sites. Methane (CH4) emissions varied significantly among sites and seasons as affected by soil properties and water management. AWD reduced CH4 emissions relative to CF by 151 (25%), 166 (37%), 9 (31%), and 22 (32%) kg CH4 ha−1 season−1 in Hue, Jakenan, Prachin Buri, and Muñoz, respectively. In Prachin Buri and Muñoz, AWD reduced CH4 emissions only during the dry season. Site-specific CH4 emission factors (EFs) ranged 0.13–4.50 and 0.08–4.88 kg CH4 ha−1 d−1 under CF and AWD, respectively. The mean AWD scaling factors (SFs) was 0.69 (95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.77), which is slightly higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’ SF for multiple aeration of 0.52 (error range: 0.41–0.66). Significant reductions in the global warming potential (GWP) of CH4+nitrous oxide (N2O) by AWD were observed in Hue and Jakenan (27.8 and 36.1%, respectively), where the contributions of N2O to the total GWP were only 0.8 and 3.5%, respectively. In Muñoz, however, CH4 emission reduction through AWD was offset by the increase in N2O emissions. The results indicate that the IPCC’s SF for multiple aeration may only be applied to irrigated rice fields where surface water level is controllable for a substantial period. This study underscores the importance of practical feasibility and appropriate timing of water management in successful GHG reductions by AWD.
Evaluating the Relationship between Stakeholder Pressure and Innovation in Ghanaian SMEs: Moderating Role of Firm Size

The study examines the relationship between stakeholder pressure and innovation (Technological and non-technological) in Ghanaian SMEs. Further, it explores the moderating role of firm size in this relationship. This is in response to the ongoing debate on the role of innovation in the performance and survival of small businesses in Ghana. Using the survey response of 523 registered SMEs, the SmartPLS model estimate reveals that; stakeholder pressure influences both technological and non-technological innovation in Ghanaian SMEs. Further, the size of the SMEs has no significant moderation in the positive relationship between stakeholder pressure and innovation in Ghana. Consequently, SMEs in Ghana can take advantage of the pressure from internal and external stakeholders to innovate for sustainable growth. Again, the government should provide avenues for innovative collaborations between universities, government agencies, and SMEs. Finally, studies should focus on inexpensive innovation channels capable of transforming the SME industry of Ghana.
Technological pedagogical content knowledge as a predictor of physical education and sports teachers' evaluations of distance education

The aim of this study is to reveal whether physical education and sports teachers' technological pedagogical knowledge levels and some variables are significant predictors of distance education evaluation levels. The correlational design, in which the direction and strength of the relationship between more than one variable were investigated, was used in the study. The research group consists of 213 physical education and sports teachers. The data of the research were collected with the Technologic Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale and Distance Education Evaluation Scale Technologic pedagogical content knowledge general level has increased distance education evaluation general level. Technology knowledge increased distance education evaluation general level, technical level and learning process level. Based on the results, it can be recommended that physical education and sports teachers should be given trainings to increase their technological pedagogical content knowledge levels with the aim of minimizing the problems experienced by physical education and sports teachers in the distance education process and increasing the quality of education. Keywords:Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge; Distance Education; Physical Education And Sports Teachers
Abstraction Layers for Distributed Computing

Despite the practical interests of reusable frameworks for implementing speciﬁc distributed services, many of these frameworks still lack solid theoretical bases, and only provide partial solutions for a narrow range of services. We argue that this is mainly due to the lack of a generic framework that is able to unify the large body of fundamental knowledge on distributed computation that has been acquired over the last 40 years. The DESCARTES project aims at bridging this gap
Knowledge, attitude and practice of adults to the national health insurance scheme (NHIS) in Unguwar Soya, Kabong Ward of Jos North LGA, Plateau State-Nigeria

Health, according to the World Health Organization is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. This was a cross sectional community based descriptive study using a multi stage sampling technique in Unguwar Soya Community, Kabong, Jos North LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria with the aim of assessing and establishing the knowledge, attitude and practice of the residents to NHIS. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was utilized and a total of 252 questionnaires were administered to the eligible members of the community. Majority of the Respondents are aged 20-29 years (33.7%). Majority of the respondents were females (63.5%), largely married (54.0%), most have attended secondary level of education (47.2%) and are mostly Artisans (32.1%) with majority earning above 30,000 naira (25.8%). 59.5% of the respondents had heard about NHIIS; family and friends were the most common sources of NHIS awareness (25.5%). Majority of the respondents (49.3%) had heard about NHIS more than five years ago. Majority of the respondents (70.7%) had good attitude towards NHIS. Only 13.3% of the respondents are registered with NHIS. 88.5% of the respondents fund their health expenditures through Out-of-pocket payment. Results depicted that the index population has inadequate awareness and knowledge of the National Health Insurance Scheme. Resulting in the small portion of the population participating in the scheme. The government can come to the aid of this community and other communities by providing adequate awareness, knowledge and privilege to participate in the scheme to better their health.
Coronavirus Pandemic The outcomes of severe COVID-19 pneumonia managed with supportive care in Palestine: an experience from a developing country

Introduction: About 14% of COVID-19 patients experience severe symptoms and require hospitalization. Managing these patients could be challenging for limited-resource countries, such as Palestine. This study aimed to evaluate hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients' treatment outcomes managed with supportive care and steroids. Methodology: This was a single-center observational retrospective cohort study that enrolled COVID-19 patients admitted to the “Martyrs medical military complexCOVID Hospital” in Palestine. The managing physicians manually collected data through chart reviews, including patients' characteristics, complications, outcomes, and different management modalities. Continuous and categorical variables between those who were discharged alive and who died were compared using t-test and Chi-squares test, respectively. Results: Overall, 334 patients were included in this study. Median (IQR) age was 62 (11) years, 49.1% were males, and 29.6% were ICU status patients. The median (IQR) PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 76 (67), and 67.6% of these patients had moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 4.8% of the patients received invasive mechanical ventilation. Most of the patients (78.7%) had at least one comorbidity, and 18.3% developed at least one complication. The overall mortality was 12.3% (95% CI 8.9-16.2%), and the median (IQR) length of hospital stay was 11 (8) days. Age (aOR 1.05, p = 0.08), smoking (aOR 4.12, p = 0.019), IMV (aOR 27.4, p < 0.001) and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (aOR 1.03, p < 0.001) were found to predict higher mortality. Conclusions: Supportive care for patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a Palestinian hospital with limited resources was associated with in-hospital mortality of 12.3%.
The effectiveness of interactive teaching methods in the professional training of pre-service geography teachers

The pre-service training of competent geography teachers requires searching for effective teaching methods to increase their professional competence. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of interactive teaching methods for teaching geography during the pre-service teacher training. The ideas of transactional analysis and interactionism underlay the interactive teacher training of 260 students from Kazakh universities. The survey revealed interactive teaching methods positively influence the readiness of pre-service teachers to enhance their professional competence. This research confirms the importance of using interactive teaching methods to promote students’ engagement and cooperation during the pre-service teacher training. Keywords: pre-service teacher training; professional competence; pre-service geography teacher; interactive teaching methods; methods for teaching geography;
Factors contributing to the students’ poor performance in biology subject: A case study of ordinary level in rural secondary schools of Rwamagana district

This study explored the factors contributing to the students’ poor performance in Biology subject. By using qualitative method design, sample were chosen purposefully from two secondary schools in rural area of Rwamagana district. The schools were selected on the fact that the students were characterized by poor performance in Biology in the years 2017 and 2018. The participants of the study were both ordinary level learners, ordinary level Biology teachers, Deputy Head teachers and Head teachers. Open-ended questionnaires, interview and documents review were both utilized to gather the data. 110 learners were asked to complete the questionnaires while 4 Biology teachers, 2 Deputy Head teachers and 2 Head teachers were interviewed. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively by content and thematic analysis. The data were interpreted using literature review and the findings were also presented in graphs using Microsoft Excel. The results indicated that the root causes of the students’ poor performance in Biology are namely: English language as medium of instruction, insufficient laboratory equipment, insufficient teaching and learning materials, inappropriate teaching methodology, amount of content and time allocated, inadequate involvement of parents in learners’ education, poverty, students’ absenteeism and school environment. All factors were not explored, there might be other causes that affect learners’ performance in biology subject of rural ordinary level schools. The researcher finally made recommendations to the various education stakeholders to improve the academic performance.
PROTEOMIC STUDIES IN THE SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI Funneliformis mosseae WITH MELON (Cucumis melo L.) UNDER SALT CONDITIONS

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can cause mutualism with higher plants. Some studies showed that the symbiosis of AMF will increase nutrients absorption, the capacity of anti-stress (e.g. drought, salt and disease) by melon (Cucumis melo L.). This study evaluated the roles of proteins on salt-tolerance mechanism after melon was symbiotic with AMF (Funneliformis mosseae). The melons were cultivated in the hydroponic solution containing 0 M, 0.042 M or 0.084 M NaCl for inoculated AMF and non-AMF inoculated seedlings. Root apice of AMF seedling after treating with different NaCl concentrations that were chosen for the estimation of proteins. The results showed that 12 proteins were significantly different after treating with different sodium chlorite (NaCl) concentrations, with proteins that four upregulated and eight downregulated. The tolerance of NaCl stress by root of melon that was inoculated by AMF were attributable to cellular activities involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, production of organic acid, relief of salt injury, which may be critical for promotion of nutrients absorption, anti-stress. This study can offer an important clue to advanced genomic exploration for the inoculation of AMF on different plants.
FID-Gas Chromatography of West-Algerian Cucurbita pepo (or Pumpkin) Seed Oil Extract

Fatty acid and phytosterol vegetable oils were extracted from seeds of Cucurbita pepo (or pumpkin) into (v/v) hexane. The extract obtained was characterized by the contents of sterols, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. The content of the bioactive compounds was determined by gas-chromatography FID method. Pumpkin seed oil extracts showed higher content of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (49.10%) than that from saturated fatty acids (28%). Sterols exhibited different molecules dominated by β-sistostérol (47%), Stigmastérol (23.6%) and campesterol (21.5%). Several peaks were present on the FID GC chromatogram of two extracts (fatty acids and sterols respectively). GC spectra confirmed the presence of the predominant bioactive compounds (PUFA, β-sistostérol , Stigmastérol and campesterol). The composition of pumpkin seed oil extract was characterized by FID-GC spectra with maximum at 280 nm.