Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IRRIGATION- WATER DEMANDS UNDER CURRENT AND FUTURE CLIMATE CONDITIONS IN EGYPT

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the effect of climate change on potential irrigation-demands for agriculture under Egyptian conditions. The investigation examined the current and future potential evapotranspiration (ET o ) trends under IPCC's SRES scenarios. Historical data for 31 stations were collected and applied to FAO-Peneman equation in order to calculate the current ET o trends. The implications of IPCC's SRES scenarios (A1, A2, B1 and B2) to air temperature changes were used to determine the future ET o . Future projections were estimated for years 2025s, 2050s and 2100s, using HadCM3 climate model. Temporal and spatial ET o distribution were represented map. Results indicated that, under current conditions, about 70% of the Egyptian cultivated area have an average ET o values more than 4 mm/day. The general trend of the climate change impacts was an increase in ET o values from North to south. , this increase will be uneven between regions and seasons. The future climatic changes will increase the potential irrigation-demands by range of 6-16%, due to the increase in ET
Gridded daily European solar cloud modification factors derived from ERA‐40 information and pyranometer observations

[1] The long-term UV climatology and trend analysis in the COST-Action 726 requires daily solar cloud modification factors (SOL-CMFs) as input of algorithms, transforming them into UV-CMFs. A CMF is the ratio of all-sky to clear-sky downwelling irradiation. A complete spatial and temporal coverage is achieved by calculating daily SOL-CMFs on the 1° × 1° COST-726 grid (31°N to 80°N, 25°W to 35°E) using the ERA-40 shortwave net all-sky and clear-sky irradiation. Known deficiencies in ERA-40 SOL-CMFs (especially the bias due to clouds) are corrected using SOL-CMFs derived from pyranometer observations. These are determined based on measured daily sums of solar global irradiation from up to 152 European sites from several data sources. An analysis of clear-sky days during 1981–1993 and a comparison with results from high-quality data enabled the selection of appropriate sites in the Mediterranean and southeast Europe from data that has not been classified as that of the group of best quality. For these sites and the period 1964–1980, a homogenization is performed. A cross-validation of all daily SOL-CMFs from observations is performed prior to their gridding. Gridding uses ordinary Kriging. Bias-corrected ERA-40 and SOL-CMFs from observations are merged using a distance-dependent weight derived from overall structural analysis. The COST-726 database offers daily SOL-CMF fields of complete spatial coverage from 1958 to 2002. They are unbiased and of known quality. The aerosol direct radiative effect included in the SOL-CMFs from observations is retained and accounts for long-term aerosol trends in agreement with the trends of dimming and brightening.
Particularités épidémiologiques des accès pernicieux à Plasmodium falciparum dans un contexte d'épidémie palustre. Vanuatu, 1975-1985

Atteinte maximale chez l'adulte et tres faible chez le nourrisson. On ne met pas en evidence de bien direct entre l'accroissement du nombre des acces permiciens palustres et l'extension concomitante des souches chloroquino resistantes de P. f dans l'archipel
Phosphorus auditing cannot account for all of the phosphorus applied to different pasture soils

Five field sites established in the high rainfall zone of southern Victoria were used to examine the downwards vertical movement of phosphorus (P) fertiliser on soils which ranged in P sorption capacity. Fertiliser was applied either as a single application of 280 kg P/ha at the beginning of the experiment (April 1998), or as 35 kg P/ha reapplied every 6 months (totalling 210 kg P/ha by the end of the third year). Soil cores were sampled in June 2001 to a depth of 40 cm, and soil at depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm was analysed for a range of soil properties and total P concentration. Total P concentration changed very little down the profile, indicating that there was minimal vertical movement of P fertiliser below the 10 cm layer of 5 pasture soils following the single application of 280 kg P/ha or 35 kg P/ha reapplied every 6 months. Soils with low to moderate surface P sorption capacity showed a trend for higher total P concentrations at depth. However, quantitative relationships between vertical P movement and soil properties at depth were poor. A P audit resulted in variable recovery of the applied P (45-128%) in the surface 40 cm at each of the 5 sites. Consistently low P recoveries were achieved at one site, where the surface soil had a high P sorption capacity. Some applied P may have bypassed the high P sorbing surface layers at this site through macropore flow and moved beyond the 40 cm sampling zone, or have been lost to surface runoff. These results question the usefulness of P audit or mass-balance methods for accounting for P movement in a pasture-based system, as spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, both horizontally and vertically, was high in the current study.
Author ' s personal copy Psycholinguistic abilities of children with Williams syndrome

The objective of this study was to investigate the psycholinguistic abilities of children with Williams syndrome (WS) and typically developing children using the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA). Performance on the ITPA was analysed in a group with WS (N = 20, mean age = 8.5 years, SD = 1.62) and two typically developing groups, matched in mental (MA, N = 20, mean age = 4.92 years, SD = 1.14) and chronological age (CA, N = 19, mean age = 8.35 years, SD = 3.07). Overall, within-group analyses showed that individuals with WS displayed higher scalar scores on the visual reception and visual association subtests. When groups were compared, we observed inferior performance of the WS group on all ITPA subtests when compared with typically developing groups. Moreover, an interaction between reception and group was found, only the WS group demonstrated superior performance on the visual reception subtest when compared to the auditory reception subtest. Evidence from this study offers relevant contributions to the development of educational intervention programs for children with WS. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author at: Philosophy and Sciences Faculty, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, CEP: 17525-900 Marı́lia, São Paulo, Brazil. ** Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: nataliafreitasrossi@yahoo.com. br (N.F. Rossi), elena.garayzabal@uam.es (E. Garayzábal Heinze). 1 Share equal first authorship.
Ege bölgesi elit sporcularinin ACTN3 R577X genotip dağiliminin araştirilmasi Investigation of ACTN3 R577X genotype distribution of elite athletes in the Aegean region

Aim. The aim of our study is to investigate whether the genetic base of elite athletes in Aegean region have positive effects on their performance in sports by molecular techniques. Methods. Molecular genetic study was applied to the 105 volunteer elite athletes and 105 volunteer control group (sedantery individuals) individuals. Five milliliter blood samples were taken from each volunteer individuals into the tubes containing EDTA. DNA isolation was performed according to the standard protocols. Polymorphism was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Length Polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. The statistical analysis of our study was performed by using SPSS 15.0 program. Results. Significant difference (x2 =17.9; p=0.000) was found in the distribution of RR and RX genotypes between the elite athletes and sedentary individuals (χ2= 17,9; p=0,000). Conclusion. This is the first study in the Aegean region investigating the prevalence of ACTN3 R577X genotype in elite athletes and sedentary individuals. We think that our study will initiate further researches on this subject.
Improving runoff simulations using satellite-observed time-series of snow covered area

Snowmelt can be a significant contributor to major floods, and hence updated snow information is very important to flood forecasting services. This study assesses whether operational runoff simulations could be improved by applying satellite-derived snow covered area (SCA) from both optical and radar sensors. Currently the HBV model is used for runoff forecasting in Norway, and satellite-observed SCA is used qualitatively but not directly in the model. Three catchments in southern Norway are studied using data from 1995 to 2002. The results show that satellite-observed SCA can be used to detect when the models do not simulate the snow reservoir correctly. Detecting errors early in the snowmelt season will help the forecasting services to update and correct the models before possible damaging floods. The method requires model calibration against SCA as well as runoff. Time-series from the satellite sensors NOAA AVHRR and ERS SAR are used. Of these, AVHRR shows good correlation with the simulated SCA, and SAR less so. Comparison of simultaneous data from AVHRR, SAR and Landsat ETM+ for May 2000 shows good inter-correlation. Of a total satellite-observed area of 1,088 km 2 , AVHRR observed a SCA of 823 km 2 and SAR 720 km 2 , as compared to 889 km 2 using ETM+.
Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Practical Guide to Identifying High-Risk Patients and Rechallenging Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a range of complications associated with the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Two major classes of ICIs widely used are Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA4) and Programmed Cell death-1 (PD-1)/Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. High-grade irAEs are life-threatening and often cause a severe decline in performance status in such that patients do not qualify for any further anticancer treatments. It is difficult to generalize the evidence in the current literature on risk factors or biomarkers for the entire class of ICIs as the studies so far are either disease-specific (e.g., lung cancer or melanoma) or ICI agent-specific (e.g., pembrolizumab, ipilimumab) or irAE-specific (e.g., pneumonitis or gastritis). In this review, risk factors and biomarkers to consider before initiating or monitoring ICI are listed with a practical purpose in day-to-day practice. Risk factors are grouped into demographics and social history, medical history, and medication history, tumor-specific and agent-specific risk factors. A higher risk of irAE is associated with age <60 years, high body mass index, women on CTLA4 and men on PD-1/PD-L1 agents, and chronic smokers. Patients with significant kidney (Stage IV-V), cardiac (heart failure, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, hypertension), and lung (asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are at a higher risk of respective organ-specific irAEs. Pre-existing autoimmune disease and chronic use of certain drugs (proton pump inhibitors, diuretics, anti-inflammatory drugs) also increase the irAE-risk. Biomarkers are categorized into circulating blood counts, cytokines, autoantibodies, HLA genotypes, microRNA, gene expression profiling, and serum proteins. The blood counts and certain protein markers (albumin and thyroid-stimulating hormone) are readily accessible in current practice. High neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, eosinophil/monocyte/lymphocyte counts; TSH and troponins at diagnosis and drop in the white count and lymphocyte count can predict irAE. Other biomarkers with limited evidence are cytokines, autoantibodies, HLA genotypes, microRNA, and gene expression profiling. With fast-expanding approvals for ICIs in various cancer types, knowledge on risk factors and biomarkers can help providers assess the irAE-risk of their patients. Prospective disease and agent-specific studies are needed to provide further insight on this essential aspect of ICI therapy.
Title Self-esteem and Ability Grouping : a Hong Kong investigation ofthe Big Fish Little Pond Effect

The aim of this paper was to test the strength of the relationships between student self-esteem, and the ability group of the school band and class stream they attend, as well as their self-perceived academic performance in a non-Western context. Responses of 280 Hong Kong secondary school students to the Chinese Adolescent Self-Esteem Scale were analysed by Performance 3 Stream 3 Band Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Statistically signi® cant main effects for Performance and Stream, but not Band were found. Higher self-esteem was reported by students who perceived their academic performance as higher and who attended lower ability stream classes. The ® ndings supported the Big Fish Little Pond effect of ability grouping within, but not between schools. Implications of the ® ndings for school policies such as classes for the gifted and inclusion of children with learning dif® culties are also
Competition and coexistence in mustelid communities

Powell, R.A. & Zielinski, W.J. 1983: Competition and coexistence in musteiid cornmunitin. Acta Zool. Fennica 174:223-227. Mustetid species guiids are large but competition between mustelid species appears limited except in the genera Martes and Mustela. Several different nonequilibrium community models indicate that 2 or more Mustela may coexist temporarily due to different reproductive adaptations, differential predation of different prey, prey population fluctuations, and predation on Mustela by other predators. Long-term coexistence only occurs through local extinction and recolonization. R.A. Powell, Departments of Zoology and Forestry, North Carolina State University. Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 USA. W.J. Zielinski. Department of Zoology. North Carolina State University. Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 USA.
Palaeomagnetism of the Exeter Lavas, Devonshire

Summary The directions of magnetization and the magnetic properties of the Exeter lavas and the associated red sediments have been measured. The lavas have been placed in the Stephanian on the basis of recent age determinations (280 m. y.) but they are interbedded with the desert type sediments typical of New Red Sandstone times in southwest England. The directions of the lavas generally show little scatter and are very resistant to both thermal and a. c. demagnetization. This is probably connected with the fact that their remanence is to a large extent due to haematite and a crystallization remanence (CRM). It is likely that the CRM was formed when the lavas were exposed to weathering soon after they were extruded in desert conditions. The palaeomagnetic pole position agrees with that established by an earlier investigation of the lavas. The associated sediments are not altogether satisfactory for rock magnetic studies owing to their friable nature but yield a pole position similar to that of the lavas.
Faculty Perceptions of Organizational Politics

This study focuses on a contested area of shared governance, intercollegiate athletics. The researchers consider how faculty perceptions of organizational politics shape their orientations toward collaborative decision-making in this domain. The results provide insights into ways social cognitions about campus-level decision-making affect faculty satisfaction with their collective influence and their prioritization of governance issues. Several directions for further research on athletics oversight and shared governance are identified.
Source parameters of southern California earthquakes

The source characteristics of southern California earthquakes with local magnitudes ML between 2 and 7 have been estimated from the gross spectral properties of the locally recorded S waves written on broad band torsion seismograph systems that have operated in California since 1932. The seismic moments M0 are consistent with the magnitude-moment relation obtained by M. Wyss and J. N. Brune from surface wave amplitudes, although a single straight line given by log M0 = 1.5 ML + 16.0 fits the data equally well. Source dimensions 2r vary from about 0.6 to 25 km, and stress drops Δσ lie between 0.3 and 200 bars. Neither parameter is a well-defined function of magnitude, although source size roughly increases with increasing ML. A theoretical relation between ML and source parameters is developed by using Brune's source model and the displacement response of the Wood-Anderson seismograph. The result is ML = log M0 − 32 log r − 17.8, where 3 < ML < 7, M0 is in dynes centimeters, and r is in kilometers. The ML may be accurately obtained by this equation, and the result is used to construct the following relations: log M0 = 2.0 ML + 14.2 − log Δσ, where Δσ is in bars, and log 2r = ⅔ ML + 2.9 − ⅔ log Δσ. Single-valued relations are not expected unless Δσ is constant. However, all available data are bracketed by these equations if stress drops vary over the range observed in this study. Radiated energies computed by spectrum integration agree with a theoretical result, log Es = 2.0 ML + 8.1, where Es is in ergs. Both are consistent with B. Gutenberg and C. F. Richter's energy-magnitude relation above ML = 4.5 but depart considerably from their result at lower magnitudes. The apparent stress parameter can provide source information that is independent of stress drop only if the high-frequency spectral falloff is a well-determined source property, which is unlikely for most of the data examined in this and other recent spectrum studies. Regional differences in source dimensions and stress drops within the southern California area are suggested by the spectral observations. However, the pattern is complex, and there are significant variations in these source parameters within any one region. Close-in seismic measurements are needed to substantiate the suggested regional differences, and determination of fault zone properties at depth is required to more fully understand the regional and local variations in seismic source parameters suggested by this study.
Involvement of KATP and KvLQT1 K channels in EGF-stimulated alveolar epithelial cell repair processes

Trinh NT, Privé A, Kheir L, Bourret J-C, Hijazi T, Amraei MG, Noël J, Brochiero E. Involvement of KATP and KvLQT1 K channels in EGF-stimulated alveolar epithelial cell repair processes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293: L870–L882, 2007. First published July 13, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00362. 2006. —Several respiratory diseases are associated with extensive damage of lung epithelia, and the regulatory mechanisms involved in their regeneration are not clearly defined. Growth factors released by epithelial cells or fibroblasts from injured lungs are important regulators of alveolar repair by stimulating cell motility, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, K channels regulate cell proliferation/migration and are coupled with growth factor signaling in several tissues. We decided to explore the hypothesis, never investigated before, that K could play a prominent role in alveolar repair. We employed a model of mechanical wounding of rat alveolar type II epithelia, in primary culture, to study their response to injury. Wound healing was suppressed by one-half upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) titration with EGFantibody (Ab) or erbB1/erbB2 tyrosine-kinase inhibition with AG1478/AG-825. The addition of exogenous EGF slightly stimulated the alveolar wound healing and enhanced, by up to five times, alveolar cell migration measured in a Boyden-type chamber. Conditioned medium collected from injured alveolar monolayers also stimulated cell migration; this effect was abolished in the presence of EGF-Ab. The impact of K channel modulators was examined in basal and EGF-stimulated conditions. Wound healing was stimulated by pinacidil, an ATP-dependent K channel (KATP) activator, which also increased cell migration, by twofold, in basal conditions and potentiated the stimulatory effect of EGF. KATP or KvLQT1 inhibitors (glibenclamide, clofilium) reduced EGF-stimulated wound healing, cell migration, and proliferation. Finally, EGF stimulated KATP and KvLQT1 currents and channel expression. In summary, stimulation of K channels through autocrine activation of EGF receptors could play a crucial role in lung epithelia repair processes.
Model analysis of trace gas measurements and pollution impact during INDOEX

An analysis of acetone (CH3COCH3) and acetonitrile (CH3CN) measurements, performed during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), using a chemistry general circulation model is presented. A comparison with measurements indicates that the model simulates realistic CO and acetone distributions, except towards the Indian west coast near the surface. The latter may be related to a sea breeze circulation at the Indian west coast, which is not resolved by the model. A comparison of the measured and modeled correlation between CO and acetone indicates the presence of a background marine acetone source. A model sensitivity study suggests a global marine emission strength of 15-20 Tg acetone year -1 , which is a significant contribution to the estimated global acetone source of 56 (37-80) Tg acetone year -1 . The comparison of measured and modeled CO-acetonitrile correlation from surface measurements indicates that a model sink of acetonitrile in the marine boundary layer is missing. A model sensitivity study suggests that this could be dry deposition (deposition velocity estimate: 0.01-0.05 cm s -1 ) on the ocean surface. A comparison of measured and modeled tropospheric acetonitrile indicates that the model overestimates the free tropospheric acetonitrile mixing ratios up to a factor of three, which points to a missing free tropospheric sink of acetonitrile in the model. A possible explanation may be stratospheric loss and subsequent stratosphere-troposphere exchange, which was not included in the model.
3 Erratic Rains and Erratic Markets : Environmental change , economic globalisation and the expansion of shallow groundwater irrigation in West Africa

Climate change and land degradation have considerably altered the conditions for rain-fed agriculture in Northern Ghana. Furthermore, population pressure has led to continuous farming of available agricultural lands and thus caused land degradation. Crop failure and decreasing yields that result from these environmental changes have caused further impoverishment of what was already Ghana’s poorest region. In the past, youth often opted for migration to Ghana’s wealthier south, in order to supplement meagre agricultural livelihoods. However, since the mid-1990s many farmers have started to develop the shallow groundwater irrigation (SGI) capacities of their home region for vegetable gardening. This development has helped a great deal to ameliorate poverty and to reverse rural-urban migration. However, while the irrigators were initially able to profit from the development of good road access to northern Ghana and an increasing demand for vegetables in Ghana’s south, many now frequently meet with market failure. While the sale of fresh tomatoes is met with stiff competition from small-scale farmers from neighbouring Burkina Faso, Ghana’s market is flooded with cheap tomato paste from countries where the production of tomatoes is highly subsidised. Global and regional competition has started to render SGI, developed as a means to locally adapt to environmental change, increasingly risky. As markets become as unreliable as the rains, Ghanaian farmers now face the uphill task of dealing simultaneously with global climate change and globalisation.