Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PHARMACOGENETIC BASES OF INDIVIDUAL SENSITIVITY AND PERSONALIZED ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Increased thrombosis is the trigger point for the development of various CVDs and their complications, and therefore, therapy with P2Y12-receptor inhibitors is always pathogenetically justified and vital. However, according to the various data, 10-25% of patients treated with clopidogrel have “resistance” to antiplatelet therapy. The causes for the formation of resistance are still not clear. There is no generally accepted, standard methodology for determining resistance to antiplatelet agents. In addition, there are no methodological approaches to identify the patients with resistance to antiplatelet drugs, and standardized schemes for correcting a low sensitivity to these drugs.The aim of this review was to summarize the available results of foreign and domestic studies devoted to the investigation of the effectiveness and safety problems of antiplatelet drugs administration from the point of view of the genetic predisposition to changes in their metabolism.Materials and methods. For the review, the following information from scientific literature represented in open and accessible sources for the period of 1996-2020, was used: pharmgkb.org, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Elibrary. Search queries – “Genetic features+antiplatelet therapy+ethnic groups”, “CYP2C19+clopidogrel+antiplatelet therapy effectiveness”; “Stent retrombosis+CYP2C19 polymorphism+ residual platelet reactivity” and “CYP2C19 polymorphism+ethnic groups+clopidogrel resistance” in both Russian and English equivalents. All these data are placed in electronic databases.Results. Currently, the problem of the resistance formation to antiplatelet drugs is studied insufficiently. The best thought-out issue is the research of the effect of the polymorphic alleles carriage of the CYP2C19 gene on the residual platelet reactivity in the patients administrated with dual antiplatelet treatment, including clopidogrel. In general, the analysis of open literature sources indicates the presence of a statistically significant association between the carrier of slow alleles of the CYP2C19 gene and the residual platelet reactivity, clinically manifested by thrombosis and adverse cardiovascular events. The occurrence frequency of polymorphic carriage of the CYP2C19 gene varies in different ethnic groups, so it cannot be extrapolated to individual subjects, peculiar in the ethnic diversity.Conclusion. To develop preventive and predictive measures aimed at overcoming resistance to antiplatelet agents, as well as working out methodological approaches to personalized prescribtion of this group drugs, a further investigation with the expansion of the search for causes and the study of the other genes participation of the cytochrome P450 system, is required.
Flood Forecasting Based on Radar Rainfall Measurements

A hydrometerological study in a river basin was conducted to demonstrate the use of a weather radar for rainfall and flood-flow forecasting. The study region is a Pinioc river subbasin with a drainage area of 2,763 km 2 located in central Greece. Six storm events that created flash floods were recorded every 10–30 min, and were analyzed and processed in terms of ground clutter supression, anomalous propagation, beam refraction, and the losses and merging procedures of radar and rain-gauge rainfall data. A rainfall-runoff model for flood-flow forecasting based on the unit hydrograph theory was then applied twice. First, by using as input the mean areal rain-gauge rainfall derived by applying the Thiessen polygon method and second, by applying the mean areal radar rainfall information over the basin. It was found that the model performs better when it uses processed weather radar data as input. Results of using as input oneand two-hour forecasted rainfall for flood forecasting were encouraging.
Planning Secondary Road Network for Low-Speed Vehicles in Small or Medium-Sized City with Google Earth

The use of low-speed vehicles (LSVs) on public roadways has gradually increased in recent years as a short-range alternative to fossil-fueled vehicles. Primarily designed for protected environments and gated communities, LSVs have a maximum speed limit of 25 mph and are not held to the same Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards required for passenger cars. This paper presents a comprehensive planning methodology for developing a secondary low-speed roadway network primarily for use by LSVs in small or medium-sized cities with closely located activity spaces. Because small or medium-sized cities typically have limited planning or construction resources, the objective was to base the low-speed network on the existing city road system, with minimal infrastructure modifications. The city of Corvallis, Oregon, was selected for the study area because of its size and need for a road network to accommodate safe movement of LSVs. Corvallis had a number of LSVs, other electric vehicles, and nonmotorized vehicles using the public roadways and is a city with no urban sprawl. A survey of the city's residents provided valuable insight on users’ route choice behavior. A roadway inventory that used the Corvallis transportation plan along with the program Google Earth helped evaluate the city's actual transportation infrastructure and analyze the factors that influence LSV users’ route-preference behavior. The developed low-speed roadway network is expected to provide LSVs safe and efficient connectivity from neighborhood areas to major Corvallis activity centers while minimally affecting the safe operation of regular vehicles.
Cities in the Real-Time Age: The Paradigm Challenge of Telecommunications to the Conception and Planning of Urban Space

In this paper I argue that contemporary processes of telecommunications-based urban development provide challenges to how urban space is conceptualised and planned within advanced industrial cities. The paper has four parts. First, I briefly review the loosely integrated body of research on city—telecommunications relations and highlight the tendency of much contemporary research to adopt futuristic metaphors for explaining such relations at a general level. In part two, the argument that the current explosion of telecommunications applications across all aspects of urban development challenges old urban paradigms, for understanding and planning urban space, is developed. Four challenges are identified and explored: the challenge of invisibility, the conceptual challenge, the challenge to urban planning, and the challenge of containment. Given this context, the third part of the paper builds on recent insights in cultural studies to explore the potential for new conceptual frameworks which help explain the new relations between telecommunications, time, space, and advanced industrial cities.
Technology-Enabled and Universally Designed Assessment: Considering Access in Measuring the Achievement of Students with Disabilities--A Foundation for Research

This paper represents one outcome from the Invitational Research Symposium on Technology-Enabled and Universally Designed Assessments, which examined technology-enabled assessments (TEA) and universal design (UD) as they relate to students with disabilities (SWD). It was developed to stimulate research into TEAs designed to make tests appropriate for the full range of the student population through enhanced accessibility. Four themes are explored: (a) a construct-centered approach to developing accessible assessments; (b) how technology and UD can provide access to targeted knowledge, skills, and abilities by embedding access and interactive features directly into systems that deliver TEAs; (c) the possibility of incorporating scaffolding directly into innovative assessment items; and (d) the importance of investigating the validity of inferences from TEAs that incorporate accessibility features designed to maximize validity. Through the paper, symposium participants and contributing authors share their understanding of issues and offer insights to researchers who conduct studies on the design, development, and validation of technology-enabled and universally designed assessments that include SWD. The paper proposes a focused research agenda and makes it clear that a principled program of research is needed to properly develop and use technology-enabled and universally designed educational assessments that encourage the inclusion of SWD. As research progresses, TEAs need to improve how they assess studentsâ understanding of complex academic content and how they provide equitable access to all students including SWD.
Perturbation analysis and optimisation of continuous flow transfer lines with delay

This paper addresses the optimisation of failure-prone transfer lines with delays for material transfer and with a constant demand. A continuous flow model with delays is proposed. Compared with traditional continuous flow models in which materials flow from one station to another instantaneously, material flowing out a machine waits a period of time called a delay before arriving at its downstream buffer. Machines are subject to time-dependent failures. Times between failure and times to repair are random variables with a general distribution. The production of each machine is controlled by a base stock policy. We propose a simulation-based optimisation method for determining optimal base stock levels in order to minimise the long-run average cost incurred by inventory holding and demand backlogging. It is based on an infinitesimal perturbation analysis for the estimation of gradients along the simulation. The unbiasedness of the gradient estimators is established.
Calcium and b-hydroxybutyrate serum concentrations in early postpartum of Jersey cows

The experiment was conducted to determine serum [Ca2+], â-hydroxybutyrate in blood, milk and urine during peripartum and urinary pH. Ninety Jersey cows were selected during their last month of pregnancy. Five days before calving, at calving and 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after calving blood samples were taken. Ca2+, and â-hydroxybutyrate (â-HB) in blood serum, milk and urine were determined. Correlations and one-way ANOVA were used for the analyses. Calcium and glucose (mmolL-1) decreased throughout the peripartum: Ca2+ [2.65 to 2.31±0.11 (p less than 0.05)]; glucose [3.74 to 3.11±0.26 (p le3ss than 0.05)]. NEFA, blood â-HB, urine â-HB and milk â-HB (mmolL-1) increased over time: NEFA [0.36 to 0.45±0.05 (p less than 0.05)]; blood â-HB [0.69 to 1.29±0.07 (p less than 0.05)]; urine â-HB [0.10 to 0.37±0.09 p less than 0.05)]; milk â-HB [0.09 to 0.18±0.04 p less than 0.05)]. Urine pH did not change: 7.31 to 6.95±0.34 (p>0.05). No correlation was found between b-HB in blood and b-HB in milk. b-HB in blood and milk did not have a functional relationship in Jersey cows that was useful in diagnosing metabolic disorders.
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR PILES

Analysis of the response of pile foundations to lateral loads requires accurate characterization of the behavior of the pile and the soil surrounding the pile. The common assumption of pile linearity in bending may not be valid in many cases. A model for representing nonlinear pile bending behavior in the analysis of laterally loaded piles is introduced. The ability of the model to predict observed behavior is illustrated by application of the model to a lateral load test case history.
Parametric study of pilot-ignited direct-injection natural gas combustion in an optically accessible heavy-duty engine

Natural gas is an attractive fuel for internal combustion engines in light of its potential for reduced greenhouse gas and particulate emissions, and significant reserves. To facilitate natural gas use in compression ignition engines, pilot-ignited direct-injection natural gas combustion uses a small pilot injection of diesel to ignite a more significant direct injection of natural gas. Compared to modern diesel combustion, this strategy is a promising technology for the reduction of CO2 emissions while retaining diesel-like efficiency without a significant CH4 emission penalty. To further develop this technology, investigation of in-cylinder combustion processes is needed to identify the primary fuel conversion processes. The objective of this work was to provide a framework of conceptual understanding by identifying key processes in a typical pilot-ignited direct-injection natural gas combustion event and characterizing their sensitivity to fuel injection parameters. A parametric sweep of injection pressure, natural gas injection duration, and relative timing of the diesel pilot and natural gas injections was performed in an optically accessible 2 L single-cylinder engine. Combined heat release rate and OH*-chemiluminescence reaction zone analysis was used to demarcate the transition from ignition reactions to primary natural gas heat release. Five distinct combustion processes were identified: (1) pilot auto-ignition; (2) natural gas ignition; (3) rapid, distributed partially premixed natural gas combustion; (4) non-premixed combustion; and (5) late-cycle oxidation. While natural gas ignition was found to be insensitive to injection pressure, it was strongly affected by the time between pilot and natural gas injections. Reducing the relative injection timing from +8° to −6° resulted in the primary natural gas heat release transitioning from non-premixed, to distributed partially premixed, to stratified premixed flame propagation as a result of increasing natural gas premixing. The presented measurements and analysis serve to refine an initial conceptual model of the combustion process and lay the groundwork for future, more focused studies of pilot-ignited, direct-injection natural gas combustion.
User acceptance of web-based subscription databases: extending the technology acceptance model

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting user acceptance of Web-based subscription databases. Considering the reported underutilization of Web-based subscription databases and the importance of promoting them, this study aimed to provide a better understanding of the determinants of user acceptance based on a well-established theoretical foundation. This study tested an integrated model of the antecedents and consequents of user beliefs toward intended use by extending TAM, which is one of the most prominent models used to explain the effects of users' internal beliefs and attitudes on their system usage behavior. This study employed a cross-sectional field study using a Web survey method. The study targeted undergraduate students who have experience using the databases provided by the University Libraries. A final sample of 121 responses was analyzed. The measurement model and the structural model were tested using Partial Least Squares. Overall, the research model was found to be effective in explaining user acceptance of Web-based subscription databases. The results of the data analysis showed that perceived usefulness had a stronger effect on user acceptance than ease of use, suggesting that user acceptance of Web-based subscription databases depends primarily on the utility they offer. Job relevance and result demonstrability showed positive effects on usefulness perceptions while output quality did not. The results also indicated that user training did not have a significant effect on either usefulness or ease of use, calling for the need to re-examine the effectiveness of user training in the context of Web-based subscription databases. Clarity of terminology and accessibility were found to be important determinants for ease of use of the databases. The results also suggested that although subjective norm does not directly affect intended use, it exerts a positive influence on user beliefs about the utility of Web-based subscription databases.
Seismic Behavior of Moment‐Resisting Steel Frames: Experimental Study

An experimental evaluation of the seismic performance of moment‐resisting steel frames using weak‐column strong‐beam joints is described. This study is a continuation of an analytical investigation described in a companion paper. Five half‐scale specimens are tested using an inelastic substructure technique of the pseudodynamic test method. Most of the structural frame is analyzed using standard inelastic techniques while a critical component of the frame is tested. Results from this study suggest that weak‐column strong‐beam frames have sufficient ductility to sustain the inelastic demand induced by a major seismic event, but only if the base shear strength is larger than the minimum required by the Uniform Building Code. A frame tested with the minimum design base shear strength failed during the earthquake. Other characteristics, such as slenderness of the column cross section and axial load ratio, affect hysteretic behavior, but the overstrength of base shear capacity has the largest influence on the .
The fundamentals of work system compatibility theory: An integrated approach to optimization of human performance at work

This paper presents a general framework for the work system compatibility (WSC) theory based on two fundamental premises: (1) the synergistic effects of the entire domain of work factors upon the performance of individuals in the workplace must be considered; and (2) the work system elements must be balanced to achieve simultaneous optimization of all facets of workplace human performance measures. The WSC theory is integrative on two levels. First, the WSC theory integrates previous human performance theories that only considered the impact of some sub-sets of work factors on selected outcome measures. Secondly, the WSC theory serves to integrate prior theories towards a multi-disciplinary systems approach to work system improvements. The WSC theory provides a methodology for achieving a balance among key elements of work system by simultaneous optimization of the relevant human performance measures.
Proportional Control of Combustion Instabilities in a Simulated Gas-Turbine Combustor

Unstable thermoacoustic modes were investigated and controlled in an experimental low-emission swirl-stabilized combustor. Axisymmetric and helical unstable modes were identified for fully premixed combustion. The spatiallocation of intense combustion regions associated with the different unstable modes was visualized by phase-locked images of OH chemiluminescence. The axisymmetric mode showed large variation of the heat release during one cycle, whereas the helical modes showed circumferential variations in the location of maximal heat release. An acoustic closed-loop proportional active control system was employed to suppress the thermoacoustic pressure oscillations and to reduce NO x emissions. Microphone sensors were utilized to monitor the combustion process and provide input to the control system. Acoustic actuation was utilized to modulate the airflow and affect the mixing process and the combustion processes. Equivalence ratio modulations were not employed in the present controller. Suppression in the pressure oscillation levels of over 12 dB, and a concomitant 10% reduction of NO x emissions were achieved using an acoustic power of less than 0.002% of the combustion power. The proportional controller was superior to a phase lag controller that yielded a maximum suppression of 4 dB at the same level of acoustic power. At the optimal control conditions it was shown that the major effect of the control system was to reduce the coherence of the vortical structures, which gave rise to the thermoacoustic instability.
Influence of the somatosensory stimulus intensity on sensory cortical activation: a MEG study

Ten healthy volunteer subjects (6 males, 4 females), age 1938, were enrolled for this study. During the recordings, the subject was asked to relax the stimulated hand and to pay attention to the stimulus. Stimuli were electric rectangular pulses, 50 fisec in duration with a repetition rate of 0.3 Hz. Stimuli were unilaterally delivered to right median nerve at the wrist by means of a pair of non magnetic, 3 cm spaced, Cu-Sn disk electrodes filled with conductive jelly (skinelectrode resistance < 5 1Ώ), via a twisted and shielded pair of wires. For each subject six different stimulus intensities were settled, determined as in the following: the value of the current Im corresponding to the weak motor stimulus, eliciting slight thumb twitch, and the value of the current ls corresponding to the sensory stimulus threshold were measured. The current interval m·^ was divided in three parts to define a step and a different level of the stimulus intensity was associated to each step starting from the sensory threshold minus one step up to the motor threshold pi us one step (Fig. 1). Magnetic field recordings were performed using the whole
Reconciling agility and architecture: a theory of agile architecture

The purpose of agile software development is to enable the software development team to respond to change and learn from change so that it can better deliver value to its customer. If an agile software development team spends too much time planning and designing architecture up-front then the delivery of value to the customer is delayed or otherwise compromised, and responding to change can become extremely difficult. Not doing enough architecture design increases exposure to risk and increases the chance of failure. The balance between architecture and agility is not well understood by agile practitioners or researchers. This thesis is based on grounded theory research involving 44 participants from 36 organisations, all working in agile software development and who are either experienced in architecture design or are closely involved with architecture. The thesis presents a theory that describes how agile software teams design an agile architecture with reduced up-front design and which is able to respond to change, helping teams find a balance between architecture and agility. The theory describes six forces that affect the agility of the architecture and up-front design, and five strategies that teams use in response to those forces to determine how much effort they put into up-front design. Understanding these forces and strategies helps agile teams to determine how much up-front design is appropriate in their contexts.