Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Likelihood reconstruction method of real-space density and velocity power spectra from a redshift galaxy survey

We develop a maximum likelihood based method of reconstructing the band powers of the density and velocity power spectra at each wavenumber bin from the measured clustering features of galaxies in redshift space, including marginalization over uncertainties inherent in the small-scale, non-linear redshift distortion, the Fingers-of-God (FoG) effect. The reconstruction can be done assuming that the density and velocity power spectra depend on the redshift-space power spectrum having different angular modulations of μ with μ2n (n= 0, 1, 2) and that the model FoG effect is given as a multiplicative function in the redshift-space spectrum. By using N-body simulations and the halo catalogues, we test our method by comparing the reconstructed power spectra with the spectra directly measured from the simulations. For the spectrum of μ0 or equivalently the density power spectrum Pδδ(k), our method recovers the amplitudes to an accuracy of a few per cent up to k≃ 0.3 h Mpc−1 for both dark matter and haloes. For the power spectrum of μ2, which is equivalent to the density–velocity power spectrum Pδθ(k) in the linear regime, our method can recover, within the statistical errors, the input power spectrum for dark matter up to k≃ 0.2 h Mpc−1 and at both redshifts z= 0 and 1, if the adequate FoG model being marginalized over is employed. However, for the halo spectrum that is least affected by the FoG effect, the reconstructed spectrum shows greater amplitudes than the spectrum Pδθ(k) inferred from the simulations over a range of wavenumbers 0.05 ≤k≤ 0.3 h Mpc−1. We argue that the disagreement may be ascribed to a non-linearity effect that arises from the cross-bispectra of density and velocity perturbations. Using the perturbation theory and assuming Einstein gravity as in simulations, we derive the non-linear correction term to the redshift-space spectrum, and find that the leading-order correction term is proportional to μ2 and increases the μ2-power spectrum amplitudes more significantly at larger k, at lower redshifts and for more massive haloes. We find that adding the non-linearity correction term to the simulation Pδθ(k) can fairly well reproduce the reconstructed Pδθ(k) for haloes up to k≃ 0.2 h Mpc−1.
Agricultural Technology Adoption for Food and Nutrition Security: Evidence from Ethiopia

Using a unique panel data, we investigate whether the technologies that the farmers adopted three and five years ago have effects on food and nutrition security of the adopters. Secondly, we analyze the adoption decisions of a comprehensive of eight modern inputs and labor-intensive technologies including improved seed varieties, inorganic fertilizer, chemicals, organic fertilizer, extension service, irrigation, soil conservation and mechanism of planting seeds. Finally, we investigate the determinants of adoptions. The results reveal that the higher the number of technologies that the farmers adopted, the higher the likelihood of food and nutrition security, implying that farmers have to get a package of inputs to best benefit from the technologies. Most of the technologies have statistically significant effects on food and nutrition security individually as well. We also find complementarity between modern inputs and labor-intensive technologies, perhaps indicating that adoption of modern inputs induces farmers to adopt labor-intensive technologies. The results further reveal that farmers who adopt technologies once are more likely to adopt the technologies again, perhaps indicating that adoption of these technologies is profitable. Acknowledgement :
Some nodal properties of the quantum harmonic oscillator and other Schr{\"o}dinger operators in $\mathbb{R}^2$

For the spherical Laplacian on the sphere and for the Dirichlet Laplacian in the square}, Antonie Stern claimed in her PhD thesis (1924) the existence of an infinite sequence of eigenvalues whose corresponding eigenspaces contain an eigenfunction with exactly two nodal domains. These results were given complete proofs respectively by Hans Lewy in 1977, and the authors in 2014 (see also Gauthier-Shalom--Przybytkowski, 2006). In this paper, we obtain similar results for the two dimensional isotropic quantum harmonic oscillator. In the opposite direction, we construct an infinite sequence of regular eigenfunctions with as many nodal domains as allowed by Courant's theorem, up to a factor $\frac{1}{4}$. A classical question for a $2$-dimensional bounded domain is to estimate the length of the nodal set of a Dirichlet eigenfunction in terms of the square root of the energy. In the last section, we consider some Schr{\"o}dinger operators $-\Delta + V$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and we provide bounds for the length of the nodal set of an eigenfunction with energy $\lambda$ in the classically permitted region $\{V(x) < \lambda\}$.
Textural and Compositional Changes in the Lithospheric Mantle Atop the Hawaiian Plume: Consequences for Seismic Properties

We characterized the texture, composition, and seismic properties of the lithospheric mantle atop the Hawaiian plume by petrostructural analysis of 48 spinel peridotite xenoliths from four localities in three Hawaiian islands. Coarse‐porphyroclastic peridotites with variable degrees of recrystallization, recorded by growth of strain‐free neoblasts onto the deformed microstructure, predominate. Full evolution of this process produced equigranular microstructures. Some peridotites have coarse‐granular microstructures. Coarse‐granular and coarse‐porphyroclastic peridotites have strong orthorhombic or axial‐[100] olivine crystal‐preferred orientations (CPOs). Recrystallization produced some dispersion and, locally, changed the olivine CPO towards axial‐[010]. Enrichment in pyroxenes relative to model melting trends and pyroxenes with interstitial shapes and CPO uncorrelated with the olivine CPO imply refertilization by reactive melt percolation. The unusual spatial distribution of the recrystallized fraction, Ti enrichment, and Rare Earth Element fractionation in recrystallized, equigranular, and coarse‐granular peridotites support that these microstructures are produced by static recrystallization triggered by melt percolation. However, there is no simple relation between microstructure and chemical or modal composition. This, together with marked variations in mineral chemistry among samples, implies multiple spatially heterogeneous melt‐rock reaction events. We interpret the coarse‐porphyroclastic microstructures and CPO as representative of the original oceanic lithosphere fabric. Annealing changed the microstructure to coarse‐granular, but did not modify significantly the olivine CPO. Recrystallization produced moderate dispersion of the CPO. “Normal” oceanic lithosphere seismic anisotropy patterns are therefore preserved. Yet Fe enrichment, refertilization, and limited heating of the base of the lithosphere may reduce seismic velocities by up to 2%, partially explaining negative velocity anomalies imaged at lithospheric depths beneath Hawaii.
Bonded labour, agrarian changes and capitalism : emerging patterns in South India

Drawing on a number of case studies from Tamil Nadu, this paper shows that bonded labour is not a relic of the past, but surprisingly contemporary. Refuting the tenets of the semi-feudal thesis, we argue that unfree labour can go hand in hand with capitalism, and that it can be initiated and sustained by capital itself in order to accumulate surplus value. Going against the tenets of the de-proletarianization thesis, we suggest that bonded labour is not always the preferred working arrangement for capitalism. Bonded labour should be examined in connection with specific historical contexts, the changing nature of the economy, the evolution of political forces and modes of socialization. I argue that bonded labour results from a specific regime of accumulation characterized by cheap labour, increased domestic demand sustained through household debt, as well as modes of conflict, contestation and worker identity formation that engage with both governmental programmes and consumerism.
Determinants of Regional Economic Growth in Indonesia

The research aims to analyze the effect of exchange rate, length of road, Human Development Index, regional expenditure, domestic investment, foreign investment, and total population on Gross Regional Domestic Product. The analysis used panel data estimation. Data were collected from Bank Indonesia and Statistics Indonesia (BPS) from 2010 to 2016. This research employed econometrics analysis in order to obtain the estimation result of the regional economic model in Indonesia that matched with statistics and economics theory criteria. After a series of econometric tests, the results showed that foreign investment, domestic investment, regional expenditure, exchange rate, Human Development Index, and length of road had a positive and significant effect on Regional Gross Domestic Product. Meanwhile, the total population had an insignificant effect on Regional Gross Domestic Product in Indonesia.
Do Regular- and Nano-sized Hydrated Lime have different Mechanisms in Asphalt?

Currently, most highway agencies use hydrated lime, or specially referred as Regular-sized Hydrated Lime (RHL) as a multifunctional additive, especially to mitigate moisture damage of the asphalt mix. Previous physical studies by the authors have addressed the potential benefits of using the Nano-sized Hydrated Lime (NHL) over the RHL in the asphalt-aggregate system. However, the hydrated lime (RHL and NHL) mechanisms in asphalt-aggregate system, to be fully addressed, should be studied using physical and chemical investigations. One of the objectives this paper is to present a state-of-the-art of the mechanisms of hydrated lime in asphalt-aggregate system to highlight the aspects of such complex mechanisms based on previous studies performed on the RHL. Also, a developed methodology using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique that was further supported by quantum chemical calculations was employed to quantify the hydrated lime reactive group (hydroxyl group, O-H) within the hydrated lime (RHL and NHL)-modified asphalt binder in an attempt to present a fundamental basis behind the effect of particle size on the chemistry of hydrated lime-asphalt system. In line with the physical results obtained from related studies, the hydrated lime particle size is a contributing factor to its functionality in the asphalt-aggregate system.
Bregman Monotone Operator Splitting

Monotone operator splitting is a powerful paradigm that facilitates parallel processing for optimization problems where the cost function can be split into two convex functions. We propose a generalized form of monotone operator splitting based on Bregman divergence. We show that an appropriate design of the Bregman divergence leads to faster convergence than conventional splitting algorithms. The proposed Bregman monotone operator splitting (B-MOS) is applied to an application to illustrate its effectiveness. B-MOS was found to significantly improve the convergence rate.
Galaxy evolution in groups. NGC 3447/NGC 3447A: the odd couple in LGG 225

Local Group Analogs (LGA) are galaxy associations dominated by few bright Spirals, reminiscent of the LG. The NGC3447/NGC3447A system, member of the LGG 225 group, a nearby LGA, is considered a physical pair: an intermediate luminosity late type spiral, NGC3447, and an irregular companion, NGC3447A, linked by a faint filament of matter. A ring-like structure in the NGC3447 outskirts is emphasised by UV observations. This work aims to contribute to the understanding of galaxy evolution in low density environments, favourable habitat to highly effective encounters. We performed a multi-wavelength analysis of the surface photometry of this system to derive spectral energy distribution and structural properties using UV and optical images. We also characterised the velocity field of the pair using new kinematic observations. All these data are used to constrain smooth particle hydrodynamic simulations with chemo-photometric implementation to shed light on the evolution of this system. Luminosity profiles are all consistent with the presence of a disc extending and including NGC3447A. The overall velocity field does not emphasise any significant rotation pattern, rather a small velocity gradient between NGC3447 and NGC3447A. Our simulation, detached from a large grid explored to best-fit the global properties of the system, suggests that this arises from an encounter between two halos of equal mass. NGC3447 and NGC3447A belong to the same halo, NGC3447A being a substructure of the same disk as NGC3447. The halo gravitational instability, enhanced by the encounter, fuels a long lived instability in this dark matter dominated disk, driving its morphology. This system may warn about a new class of "false pairs" and the potential danger of a misunderstanding of such objects in pair surveys that could produce a severe underestimate of the total mass of the system. (abridged)
Symposium : Steroid Hormone Receptor and Nutrient Interactions : Implications for Cancer Prevention Glucocorticoid Mediation of Dietary Energy Restriction Inhibition of Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis 1 , 2

Dietary energy restriction (DER) inhibits carcinogenesis in numerous animal models. DER is a potent and reproducible inhibitor of two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis when administered during the promotion phase. Previous research demonstrated that adrenalectomy abolished cancer prevention by food restriction. Several lines of evidence suggest that glucocorticoid elevation in the DER mouse mediates the prevention of skin cancer. Our research tested the hypothesis that elevated glucocorticoid hormone activates the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and that this activated receptor interferes with the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor. Induction of AP-1 by the phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is essential to tumor promotion. We have been unable to demonstrate elevated activated GR in the epidermis of the DER mouse, perhaps because only indirect strategies have been possible with the use of epidermis from DER mice. However, DER blocked the induction of AP-1 and c-jun, a constituent protein of AP-1, in the epidermis of mice. Current studies are focused on the inhibition of signaling down the MAP-1/Raf-1 kinase pathway that leads to induction of constituent proteins of AP-1, including c-Jun. Although several pathways lead to the induction of AP-1 transcriptional activity, the MAP-1/Raf-1 pathway can be activated by protein kinase C (PKC); previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated an inhibition of PKC activity and a reduction in selected isoforms of PKC in the epidermis of the DER mouse. Our current working hypothesis is that elevated glucocorticoid hormone in the DER mouse reduces the amount and activity of PKC isoforms important in the activation of MAP-1/Raf-1 kinase pathway. We propose that this results in attenuation in the induction of the AP-1 transcription factor by TPA. Because AP-1 induction by TPA is obligatory for mouse skin promotion, we propose this as an essential component of the mechanism of DER prevention of mouse skin carcinogenesis. J. Nutr. 129: 571S–574S, 1999.
Flavour Physics at LHCb

Some selected results of the LHCb experiment, running at the LHC with pp collisions at 7 TeV and 8 TeV, are reported here, after operation with a total integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 (Run 1). We focus on the most recent analyses on flavour physics, that include measurements of the CKM invariant phases γ and β, precision determination of the quark coupling strength Vub, observation of the very rare decays B 0 (s) → μ+μ−, search for new physics in the anomalous branching ratio of B → D∗τν̄, and precision angular analysis of the rare decays B → K∗0μ+μ− and B0s → φμ+μ−. Detailed comparisons are performed in all cases with the predictions of the Standard Model, and a few interesting tensions are observed. 1 The LHCb experiment The LHCb detector [1, 2] is one of the four major detectors at the Large Hadron Collider. It is instrumented in a cone arround the proton beam axis, covering the angles between 10 and 250 mrad, where most b hadron decays produced in proton-proton collisions occur. The detector includes a high-precision tracking system with a dipole magnet, providing a measurement of momentum and impact parameter (IP), defined for charged particles as the minimum distance of a track to a primary pp interaction vertex (PV). Different types of charged particles are distinguished using information from two ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors, a calorimeter and a muon system. Simulated samples of specific signal and background decay modes of b hadrons are used at many stages throughout the analysis. These simulated events model the experimental conditions in full detail, including the pp collision, the decay of the particles, and the response of the detector [3–5]. Candidates of the different signal modes reported in this article are required to pass a trigger system [6] which reduces in real time the rate of recorded collisions from the readout clock of the LHC to approximately 4 KHz. For muon channels, a muon is typically selected with pT > 1.48 GeV/c in the √ s = 7 TeV collision data (pT > 1.76 GeV/c in the 8 TeV data), and at least one of the finalstate particles is required to have both pT > 0.8 GeV/c and impact parameter larger than 100 μm with respect to all of the PVs in the event. For hadron channels, a multivariate algorithm is used for the identification of secondary vertices consistent with the decay of a b hadron [7]. In all cases, the tracks of two or more of the final-state particles are required to form a vertex that is significantly displaced from the PVs. ae-mail: Bernardo.Adeva@usc.es DOI: 10.1051/ , 126 12602001 EPJ Web of Conferences epjconf/2016 02001 (2016)
Evaluation of Common Bean Accessions for Resistance to Pythium ultimum

Common bean accessions were evaluated to identify white- or light-seeded beans with resistance to Pythium ultimum Trow. In total, 568 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions were inoculated with a hyphal suspension of P. ultimum under greenhouse conditions. The bean accessions included represented the Andean-Middle American core collections (406 accessions) and 162 additional white- or cream-seeded accessions. The accessions were categorized into 12 groups according to seedcoat color. Accessions with light seedcoats exhibited higher levels of disease symptoms, with white-seeded bean accessions being the most susceptible class. No symptomless white-seeded accessions were identifi ed. The most resistant white-seeded accessions were PI 430207, PI 527803, PI 290996, PI 299021, PI 194574, and PI 304110. Cream-seeded beans exhibited higher levels of resistance, with nine accessions rated as symptomless out of 188 cream and white accessions tested. Of 568 accessions, 48 tested were symptomless, whereas disease ratings of the other accessions ranged from resistant to highly susceptible.
Effect of Consortium of Endophytic Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria in Suru- Sugarcane on Yield at Agricultural Research Station-Kasbe-Digraj

Sugarcane is a sub-tropical crop which is botanically known as Saccharum officinarum (2n = 80). Sugarcane is the pride crop of Maharashtra State and plays a vital role in a Agriculture economy. It is long duration i.e., perennial gramminous plant that undergoes a series of interdependent but fairly distinct growth phases during its life time. These phases are germination, tillering (together called formative phase), vegetative grand growth, flowering or tasseling and ripening or maturity. It is favourably adaptable to various soil conditions.
Bank Loan Loss Accounting Treatments, Credit Cycles and Crash Risk

Banks that follow conditional conservatism in their loan loss accounting treatments benefit from a reduction in crash risk. The key discretionary loan loss accounting channels are provisions and allowances. We show that conditional conservatism reduces crash risk of small banks during periods of credit contraction and boom. Interestingly, for large banks, crash risk is not reduced by more conservative accounting even for those with higher levels of opacity. Hence regulation prompting for more conservative bank loan loss accounting does not present a significant opportunity to limit systemic effects arising from abrupt price declines in the stocks of large banks.
Influence of supplying bullfrog tadpoles with feed containing 28% crude protein on performance and enzymatic activities.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influencia da alimentacao de girinos de ra-touro com racao comercial contendo 28% de proteina bruta (PB) no desempenho e nas atividades de enzimas digestivas desses animais. Utilizaram-se 120 girinos no estagio 25 de Gosner com 0,046 g e 6,22 mm, respectivamente, mantidos em quatro caixas contendo 30 L de agua, na densidade de 1 girino/L. O experimento teve duracao de 60 dias e quinzenalmente foram avaliadas as seguintes caracteristicas de desempenho: taxa de sobrevivencia, comprimento, peso final, ganho de peso, consumo de racao, conversao alimentar aparente, taxa de crescimento especifico e as atividades no quimo das enzimas amilase, lipase e tripsina. A alimentacao teve efeito quadratico sobre o comprimento e o peso final. O crescimento dos girinos foi maior do 15o ao 45o dia (19,82 mm). No 15o dia, os girinos apresentaram a maior taxa de crescimento especifico (16,93%/dia), de modo que o maior ganho de peso (5,460 g), o consumo de racao (14,099 g) e a melhor conversao alimentar aparente (2,46) ocorreram do 45o ao 60o dia. A atividade especifica da amilase foi 205 vezes maior aos 60 dias em comparacao ao inicio do experimento. Os resultados indicam que, para as tres enzimas em estudo, a capacidade de acao sobre o quimo dos girinos aumenta significativamente apos o 3o dia experimental e que a capacidade dos girinos em digerir alimentos a base de carboidratos e superior a de digerir proteinas, fato que se acentua na fase inicial da alimentacao exogena. A racao comercial com 28% de PB proporciona bom desempenho aos girinos de ra-touro, possibilitando a formacao de imagos dentro dos padroes dos ranarios comerciais, um indicativo provisorio para alteracao de manejo visando a reducao de custos operacionais.