Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fusarium species and other fungi associated with some seeds and grains in Egypt, with 2 newly recorded Fusarium species.

Seventeen species of Fusarium were recorded on maize (6 species) and sorghum (12 species) grains, and lentil (7 species) and sesame (7 species) seeds on Dichloran chloramphenicol peptone agar medium (DCPA) using the seed/grain-plate method. The moisture contents of most cereal grains were higher than those of seeds. Maize grains gave the highest colony forming units of Fusarium followed by sorghum, sesame and lentil. The frequency of occurrence of Fusarium species depended on the type of seeds and grains. The most frequently encountered species were F. oxysporum , F. verticillioides , F. solani and F. proliferatum on maize; F. nygamai, F. solani and F. verticillioides on sorghum, F. nygamai and F. oxysporum on lentil; and F. solani , F. chlamydosporum and F. verticillioides on sesame. Aspergillus (with A. flavus and A. niger being the most common) followed by Penicillium and Alternaria were recorded from the 4 substrates.
Influence of stream temperature on the spatial distribution of westslope cutthroat trout growth potential within the Madison River basin, Montana

Abstract Stream temperature is an important factor influencing habitat suitability for cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, but temperature data from headwater habitats are difficult to obtain. We tested the ability of easily obtained landscape and meteorological data to predict the mean daily temperature measured at 79 sites in tributaries to the Madison River, Montana. We also evaluated stream habitat suitability by using temperature predictions to estimate growth potential for age-0 westslope cutthroat trout O. c. lewisi. A model using mean daily air temperature, elevation, and channel gradient explained approximately 75% of the observed variation in mean daily stream temperatures. Classifications of habitat suitability based on predicted fish growth indicated that the majority (78%) of stream habitat in Madison River tributaries provides suitable or highly suitable habitat for westslope cutthroat trout. However, these higher-quality habitats occur primarily in lower-elevation reaches where westslope .
The Effect of L-Carnitine and Heparin Supplementation on Plasma Glucose and Lactate Concentration During Exercise

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Contrasting effects of microhabitat use on large-scale adult abundance in two families of Caribbean reef fishes

An important question for ecologists is whether the processes that influence the distribution of organisms at small spatial scales also influence the variation in abundance at larger scales. I examined the relationship between microhabitat use by individual fishes and variation in abundance among sites for the adults of 11 species of Caribbean reef fishes (6 pomacentrids and 5 scarids). At the level of individual microhabitat use, all species associated with certain substrata(um) more than would be expected at random, but not all species associated with the same substrata. The abundance of these 11 species varied greatly among 13 sites located along the northern shore of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Microhabitat use explained 32 to 49% of the variation in abundance among these 13 sites for 3 of the damselfish species (Stegastes planifrons, S. partltus, and A4icrospathodon cl~rysurus) and -85 "/D for a fourth darnselfish, S. dorsopunicans,. Only one parrotfish (Scarr~s i ser t i ) showed 2n;r re! 8ticrrship between microhabitat use and the distribution of adult fishes among sites with approximately 50% of the variation in its abundance explained by a combination of microhabitat and distance from the eastern tip of the island. This difference between damselfishes and parrotfishes is probably related to the degree to which these families rely upon the reef substratum for shelter. These results indicate that small-scale processes can predict large-scale distributions of organisms. However, in the case of microhabitat, these results also indicate that the relationship between the species and the reef substratum must be considered.
4-Amino-(1-ethoxycarbonylmethyl)pyridinium iodide

The crystal structure of the title compound, $C_{9}H_{13}N_{2}O_{2}{^+}I{^-}$,consists of pyridinium cations and iodide anions stabilized by intermolecular N—H.I hydrogenbonds,forming one-dimensional chains along[010].
Effect of sex, growth intensity and heat treatment on fatty acid composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets

Forty-eight individuals of common carp were selected in the third year of life among fish reared in an earthen pond and supplementarily fed wheat grain. Live weight of the fish ranged from 1 172 to 3 196 grams. Fatty acid (FA) content in fish fillets without skin was determined by gas chromatography after the extraction of total lipids with a hexane/2-propanol mixture. Sexual dimorphism in chemical composition of marketable carp meat was insignificant ( P > 0.05) at the time of autumn harvest. Dry matter and intramuscular fat content in fillets increased linearly with the increasing growth rate while protein content decreased (P 0.05) and increased (P < 0.001), respectively. at of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) decreased (P < 0.01), a decrease in n-3 PUFA being faster in comparison with n-6 PUFA. Stewing decreased (P < 0.05) C16 : 0, C22 : 5 n-3 and C22 : 5 n-6 content and increased the content of C20 : 1 (P < 0.01).
Modeling, synthesis, and hybridization properties of (L)-ribonucleic acid

Calculations suggest that nucleic acids based on (L)-ribose may hybridize with natural configuration DNA and RNA if a loosely wound, parallel-stranded A-like formation can be adopted. The tendency of RNA to adopt A-form helices suggest that (L)-nucleic acids may bind more tighly to natural RNA than to natural DNA. Oligomers of (L)-dU and (L)-rU have been synthesized to test these models. Neither [(L)-dU] 12 nor [(L)-rU] 12 mixed with natural poly(dA) shows hyperchromicity indicative of hybridization, nor dies a mixture of [(L)-dU] 12 with poly(rA)
The Role of Vocabulary in Reading Comprehension

The crucial role of vocabulary knowledge in reading comprehension has been well recognized in first language (L1) situations and this has appeared to be true of second language (L2) settings as well. However, in relation to a sociocultural context such as Singapore, where English is designated as an L1 in the school curriculum but the majority of students still learn it as an L2, little is known about how students' vocabulary size could affect their reading comprehension. Given that students and teachers often cite vocabulary as the biggest hurdle in reading, this study was undertaken to explore the role of vocabulary in reading comprehension. Thirty-seven year-4 secondary students in a neighbourhood school in Singapore participated in this study. The Vocabulary Levels Tests were used to measure students' vocabulary knowledge in relation to the different measures intended to test their reading comprehension and summary abilities. Results suggest that students' vocabulary knowledge at the 2,000-word and the 3,000-word levels was correlated to their reading comprehension. Significant correlation yielded only for the short-answer questions, but not for the summary. Pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research are also discussed.
Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic and prebiotic on growth indices and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of antibiotic, probiotic, prebiotic and mixture of probiotic and prebiotic as dietary growth promoter on serum biochemical parameters, energy and protein efficiency of broiler chickens. Three hundred day old Ross 308 broilers were equally distributed into 30 floor pens and reared for 42 days. A basal diet was formulated according to the recommendations of NRC for starter (1 to 21 days) and grower (22 to 42 days) periods and considered as control diet. Four tested diets were formulated by supplementing the basal control diet with antibiotic, Flavomycin; probiotic, Primalac; prebiotic, Biolex-MB and mixture of probiotic plus prebiotic (synbiotic). Six replicates were used for each treatment. Specific growth rate and growth efficiency were highest in birds under prebiotic and synbiotic treatments in starter and total rearing period, respectively. Broilers that were fed diet containing synbiotic had the highest energy efficiency ratio which was significant as compared to control group. Protein efficiency ratio followed the same trend and improved when synbiotic was used in the diet (p < 0.05). At 21 and 42 day of age, dietary supplementation with probiotic and synbiotic decreased (p < 0.05) serum cholesterol concentration, when compared with birds fed Flavomycin diet. The results suggested that the mixture of probiotic and prebiotic could be effective as antibiotic to improve the health and performance of broiler chickens. Key words: Broiler, performance, cholesterol, probiotic, prebiotic
Growth of citrus rootstocks under aluminium stress in hydroponics

Plants present different degrees of adaptation to aluminium (Al) concentrations in the soil, and the understanding of this characteristic can lead to a viable option for the utilization of acid soils. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of five Al concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mmol L-1) on the growth of 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) and 'Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana Hort. ex Tan.), and tangerine rootstocks 'Cleopatra' (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan) and 'Sunki' (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), in hydroponic culture. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications. For all rootstocks, the relative growth rate in terms of plant total fresh matter increased under low and, decreased under large Al concentrations. Growth of the shoot, leaf area ratio and leaf weight ratio decreased for all rootstocks in the presence of Al. The 'Rangpur' lime had a decrease of the root system growth, starting from 23 mmol L-1 of Al. For the remaining rootstocks, this growth reached maximum values at 91 to 117 mmol L-1 of Al, respectively. Considering all the evaluated characteristics of plant growth, the 'Rangpur' lime was the most susceptible to Al.
Influence of environmental and spatial variables on regional distribution of forest plant species in a fragmented and changing landscape

During the past several centuries, forests in Europe and large parts of North America have been subject to extensive forest clearance. The last several decades, however, numerous new forest patches have been established onto former agricultural land. As a result, the present forest area often consists of a mixture of small forest patches of different age, area, habitat quality and connectivity embedded within a hostile agricultural landscape. In these patchy landscapes, distribution patterns of plant species may be affected by both regional and local factors, although the relative importance of both is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated distribution patterns of 113 forest plant species in a fragmented landscape. Species abundances at the regional scale conformed to a clearly unimodal abundance distribution which we believe to be related to 1) environmental heterogeneity due to succession and 2) inequality in migration rates. Patch incidence was significantly related to life form, which in turn was correlated to seed mass and dispersal mechanism. Multiple logistic regressions showed that presence/absence of 59 species studied was significantly affected by patch connectivity, patch area and age for 35, 30 and 34 species, respectively. The results of this study indicate that distribution patterns of forest plant species are influenced by both local and regional factors. Moreover, they also demonstrate that next to spatial aspects of fragmentation, temporal patterns of landscape change may have far-reaching effects on presence/absence patterns of plant species and therefore should be incorporated in studies dealing with regional population structures of plants.
Predator‐induced spine length and exocuticle thickness in Leucorrhinia dubia (Insecta: Odonata): a simple physiological trade‐off?

1. Morphological defence structures evolve against predators but are costly to the individual, and are induced only when required. A well‐studied example is the development of longer abdominal spines in dragonfly larvae in the presence of fish. Numerous attempts to discover trade‐offs between spine size and behaviour, development time or body size have, however, produced little evidence.
Notes on Afrotropical Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with the description of seven new species

The following new species are described: Manota clinochaeta (Madagascar), M. cultrigera (Madagascar), M. edentula (Mauritius), M. ephippiata (Uganda), M. macrodon (Madagascar), M. phyllochaeta (Madagascar) and M. uncinata (Madagascar). New records and taxonomic notes are given for M. mabokeensis Matile (Uganda), M. natalensis Jaschhof & Mostovski (South Africa) and M. whiteleyi Jaschhof and Mostovski (Ivory Coast). Taxonomic notes on M. flavipes (Enderlein) (Seychelles) are given and its hypopygium is redescribed.
Postcranial Anatomy of Sebecus icaeorhinus (Crocodyliformes, Sebecidae) from the Eocene of Patagonia

ABSTRACT We describe postcranial remains of new specimens referred to Sebecus icaeorhinus found in the lower section of the Sarmiento Formation at Cañadón Hondo (central Patagonia, Argentina), commonly regarded as part of the Casamayoran South American Land Mammal Age (middle Eocene). The new specimens include a partially articulated postcranium associated with teeth and fragmentary remains of the mandible that allows their identification as S. icaeorhinus. This taxon was almost exclusively known from skull remains from the same stratigraphic unit and was characterized by unique cranial features such as a long, high, and narrow rostrum bearing serrated teeth. The new material reveals numerous details on the postcranial anatomy of this crocodyliform, including the presence of proportionately long limbs and 10 autapomorphies in the vertebrae, forelimb, and pelvic girdle (some of which are interpreted as adaptations to terrestriality and an erect limb posture). These features depict a highly modified postcranial anatomy for S. icaeorhinus in comparison with that of neosuchian crocodyliforms, paralleling the uniqueness of its skull anatomy. The new information is also phylogenetically informative and incorporated into a cladistic analysis that corroborates not only the close affinities of Sebecidae with Baurusuchidae (sebecosuchian monophyly), but also the deeply nested position of this clade within Notosuchia. The incorporation of postcranial characters to the phylogenetic analysis also results in a novel arrangement of the basal mesoeucrocodylians recorded in the Cretaceous—Cenozoic of Gondwana, clustering all of these species into a large monophyletic clade.
Diphyllobothrium latum in Italy: plerocercoids larvae distribution in perch (Perca fluviatilis) fillets

Following the diffusion of new eating habits (consumption of uncooked, undercooked, marinated or cold-smoked fish), some cases of parasitic zoonosis from freshwater fish are recently reappeared in Italy. One of these is tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum, whose final host could be human. This study aimed to individuate the position of plerocercoid larvae inside perch fillets (Perca fluviatilis) caught in 4 different sites on Como lake in 2011. The fish analyzed were 390. The larvae totally isolated from 112 positive fishes were 164: 85 found in the right fillets and 79 in left ones. According to dorso-ventral disposition in fish, 144 larvae were individuated in dorsal muscles and 20 in ventral ones. Data collected confirm that plerocercoid larvae prefer the upper mass of perch muscle. Dietary education and sanitary care on fish supply are necessary to prevent the diffusion of tapeworm zoonosis in high-risk zones. European legislation establishes freezing to sanitize fish to be eaten raw, marinated or cold-smoked.
Fine Particle Measurements Inside and Outside Tunnel-Ventilated Broiler Houses

Abstract Emissions from animal feeding operations have become a growing concern. Although many studies describe occupational exposures and exhaust concentrations associated with animal facilities, very little information has been provided about the ambient air around the houses. This study investigates real-time and primarily 24-h time-integrated levels of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter inside and outside (up to 500 ft from the house) of commercial tunnel-ventilated broiler houses on a farm in northeast Georgia. None of the 24-h particulate matter measures collected when the houses were tunnel ventilated exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency's 24-h National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 65 μg/m3.
Correlation studies of 21 traits in F2 generation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Correlation between twenty-one traits was studied in plants of F2 generation derived from crosses of groundnut varieties. Also, correlation for the same traits of plants was studied within the four types of crosses used: Virginia x Virginia, Valencia x Valencia, Virginia x Spanish and Virginia x Valencia. Significant positive correlation have been found in the total of plants with r values ranging from 0.22 to 0.46 for pod yield with pod distance from the main root, seed length, seed width, pod length, pod width, grams/100 pod, grams/100 seed, shelling percentage. From the four types of crosses and for the same traits, in relation to the pod yield, the type cross Virginia x Virginia showed the most significant positive correlations followed by types Valencia x Valencia, Virginia x Valencia and Virginia x Spanish. Selection based on plants that have shorter pod distance from the main root and larger seed size and also larger 100 pod weight, could increase peanut yielding performance.
Grazer‐induced defence in Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae): Influence of different nutrient conditions

We examined the combined effects of grazer infochemicals and nutrient status on colony development of Phaeocystis globosa cultures grown under nitrogen and phosphorus (NP)‐sufficient, P‐deficient, and N‐deficient conditions exposed to high and low Acartia spp. density filtrates. Changes in colony development relative to controls receiving no grazer signals were estimated. P. globosa colony development responded to grazer infochemicals regardless of nutrient status, although the expression of the response varied between nutrients. Significant colony suppression (in terms of percent of cells allocated to colonies) occurred in both NP‐sufficient and P‐deficient experiments, with the response being dependent on the density of grazers for NP‐sufficient cells. The percent of cells in colonial form in N‐deficient P. globosa decreased in response to low grazer density filtrates but increased in response to high grazer density filtrates. These opposite results for the N‐deficient experiment are related to a high mortality of Acartia in the high grazer density filtrate treatment, which may affect the infochemicals released from such grazers.
Development of new microsatellite markers and their application in the analysis of genetic diversity in lentils

This paper reports the development of new microsatellite markers for lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris) and their use for genetic diversity analysis of a lentil core collection developed at ICARDA (Aleppo-Syria). Fourteen new markers were developed from microsatellite flanking sequences of a genomic library from a cultivated lentil accession ILL5588. The core collection used comprises 109 accessions from 15 countries representing 57 cultigens (including 18 breeding lines) from 8 countries and 52 wild types of germplasm (L. culinaris subsp. orientalis, L. culinaris subsp. tomentosus and L. culinaris subsp. odemensis) from 11 countries. Total number of alleles detected across all microsatellite loci was 182, with a mean of 13 alleles per locus. The wild accessions were rich in alleles (151 alleles) compared to cultigens (114 alleles). The genetic diversity index for the microsatellite loci in the wild accessions ranged from 0.16 (for locus SSR28 in L. culinaris subsp. odemensis) to 0.93 (for locus SSR66 in L. culinaris subsp. orientalis) with a mean of 0.66, while in the cultigens genetic diversity varied between 0.03 (locus SSR28) and 0.87 (locus SSR207) with a mean of 0.65. The cluster analysis indicated two major clusters, mainly one with the cultigens and the other with the wild accessions.
A Comparison Between Ultra-Sonography and Water’s View Radiography as Confirmatory Tools for Diagnosis of Maxillary Sinusitis in Children Complaining of Cough

Background: Diagnosis of pediatric sinusitis with puncturing as an invasive technique and culturing of the microorganisms may be substituted with less invasive imaging methods. Computerized tomography scanning as the gold standard of sinusitis diagnosis may not be a generalized method due to its devastating radiation effects; therefore, ultra-sonography and radiography seem to be methods to be evaluated in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis. Objectives: There are limited and conflicting studies found in the literature that have evaluated the role of ultra-sonography in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis. The purpose of this study was to compare ultra-sonography with Water's view radiography in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis in children. Methods: In this prospective study, 60 children aged over four years old with clinically diagnosed maxillary sinusitis, admitted to Lung Clinic of Mofid Children's Hospital, were enrolled. Water's view X-ray and ultra-sonography were performed by two expert radiologists on the same day. Data and interpretations were collected and entered in the SPSS 21 software. Results: The patient's mean age was 6.8 ± 1.8 years. Overall, 120 maxillary sinuses were analyzed by ultra-sonography and radiology. There was diagnostic agreement between the two techniques regarding 59 sinus sites, 49.2. Compared to standard X-ray, ultra-sonography had a sensitivity of 56.4 and specificity of 91.7. The diagnosis rate for normal interpretation via the ultrasound technique compared to the standard X-ray was 8.3 and considered acceptable. This method underestimated the diagnosis of fluid collection (30.4), yet overestimated the rate of mucosa thickening (62.3). Conclusions: This study revealed that ultra-sonography is not a suitable technique for detection of mild mucosal thickening yet may come to represent an alternative substitution to the more invasive methods for diagnosis of acute sinusitis with moderate to severe mucosal thickness and fluid collection in the maxillary sinuses. Copyright © 2019, Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics.
Stable isotope analysis: modelling lipid normalization for muscle and eggs from arctic mammals and birds

1. Lipids are more depleted in 13C than proteins. Variable lipid contents in tissues affect therefore the measurements of stable carbon isotope ratios. Model based (also called mathematical) normalization has been suggested to correct δ13C values using the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) as a proxy for lipid content. This approach has not been thoroughly validated for terrestrial animals and it is not clear to what extent it is generally applicable or species/tissue specific.