Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Relationship between Mucosal Diseases and Faecal Calprotectin Levels in Children who Underwent Upper Gastrointestinal System Endoscopy

Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce Yeliz Çağan Appak MD, University of Health Science, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, İzmir, Turkey Phone: +90 505 598 52 29 E-mail: yelizcagan@yahoo.com ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-9281 Re cei ved: 11.05. 2019 Ac cep ted: 09.10. 2019 1İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, İzmir, Turkey 2University of Health Science, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, İzmir, Turkey 3University of Health Science, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Biochemistry, İzmir, Turkey 4University of Health Science, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pathology, İzmir, Turkey 5İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, İzmir, Turkey Maşallah Baran1, Yeliz Çağan Appak2, Fatma Demet Arslan3, Dudu Solakoğlu Kahraman4, Miray Karakoyun2, İnanç Karakoyun3, Büşra Emir5, Gülden Diniz4
Perception of beneficiaries for efficacy of MGNREGA: a micro level analysis from Kalahandi district of Odisha, India

The present study tries to examine the impact of MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) on socio-economic status of MGNREGA beneficiaries in Kalahandi district of Odisha, India by using both primary and secondary data.Secondary data are collected from official website of MGNREGA during the period from 2012-2013 to 2018-2019. Primary data collected through semistructured questionnaire from two blocks of the district, namely Golamunda and Narla with the total sample size of 300 households. In selecting the sample households, a proportionate sampling along with simple random sampling technique has been used. For analysis of the study, a five-point Likert scale has been used to measure the perception of sample respondents on the improvement of socio-economic conditions after implementation of MGNREGA. Besides, composite index has been used to capture the combined perceptions of all the sample respondents. The study found that less than 10 % of the target household got employment of 100 days during the study period. Besides, the result of composite index (0,16) regarding the perception of MGNREGA beneficiaries on different socio-economic parameters gives an impressive that MGNREGA is less effective in the improvement of socio-economic status of the beneficiaries. Thus, it can be concluded that the MGNREGA has not been effective in improving the socio-economic status of MGNREGA beneficiaries in Kalahandi district of Odisha.
Doppelganger Obfuscation - Exploring the Defensive and Offensive Aspects of Hardware Camouflaging

Hardware obfuscation is widely used in practice to counteract reverse engineering. In recent years, low-level obfuscation via camouflaged gates has been increasingly discussed in the scientific community and industry. In contrast to classical high-level obfuscation, such gates result in recovery of an erroneous netlist. This technology has so far been regarded as a purely defensive tool. We show that low-level obfuscation is in fact a double-edged sword that can also enable stealthy malicious functionalities.In this work, we present Doppelganger, the first generic design-level obfuscation technique that is based on low-level camouflaging. Doppelganger obstructs central control modules of digital designs, e.g., Finite State Machines (FSMs) or bus controllers, resulting in two different design functionalities: an apparent one that is recovered during reverse engineering and the actual one that is executed during operation. Notably, both functionalities are under the designer’s control.In two case studies, we apply Doppelganger to a universal cryptographic coprocessor. First, we show the defensive capabilities by presenting the reverse engineer with a different mode of operation than the one that is actually executed. Then, for the first time, we demonstrate the considerable threat potential of low-level obfuscation. We show how an invisible, remotely exploitable key-leakage Trojan can be injected into the same cryptographic coprocessor just through obfuscation. In both applications of Doppelganger, the resulting design size is indistinguishable from that of an unobfuscated design, depending on the choice of encodings.
On the turbulence amplification in shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction

The mechanism of turbulence amplification in shock-wave/boundary layer interactions is reviewed, and a new turbulence amplification mechanism is proposed based on the analysis of data from direct numerical simulation of an oblique shock-wave/flat-plate boundary layer interaction at Mach 2.25. In the upstream part of the interaction zone, the amplification of turbulence is not essentially shear driven, but induced by the interaction of the deceleration of mean flow with streamwise velocity fluctuations, which causes a rapid increase of turbulence intensity in the near-wall region. In the downstream part of the interaction zone, the high turbulence intensity is mainly due to the free shear layer generated in the interaction zone. During the initial stage of turbulence amplification, the characteristics of wall turbulence, including compact velocity streaks, streamwise vortices and an anisotropic Reynolds stress, are well preserved. The mechanism proposed explains the high level of turbulence in the near-wall region observed in some experiments and numerical simulations.
Changes in the Operative Corridor in Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Between Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Intraoperative Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Using Morphometric Analysis

Background The oblique lumbar interbody fusion or anterior-to-psoas (OLIF/ATP) technique relies on a corridor anterior to the psoas and posterior to the vasculature for lumbar interbody fusion. This is evaluated preoperatively with CT and/or MRI. To date, there have been no studies examining how intraoperative, lateral decubitus positioning may change the dimensions of this corridor when compared to preoperative imaging. Objective Our objective was to evaluate changes in the intraoperative corridor in the supine and lateral positions utilizing preoperative and intraoperative imaging. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis among patients who have undergone an OLIF/ATP approach at two tertiary care centers from 2016 to 2018 by measuring the distance between the left lateral border of the aorta or iliac vessels and anteromedial border of the psoas muscle from L1-L2 through L4-5 disc spaces. We compared this corridor between supine, preoperative MRI axial and intraoperative CT acquired in the right lateral decubitus position. Results Thirty-three patients, 15 of whom were female, were included in our study. The average age of the patients was 65.4 years and the average BMI was 31 kg/m2. The results revealed a statistically significant increase (p<.05) in the intraoperative corridor from supine to lateral decubitus positioning at all levels. However, age, BMI, and gender had no statistically significant impact on the preoperative versus intraoperative corridor. Conclusion This is the first study to provide objective evidence that lateral decubitus positioning increases the intraoperative corridor for OLIF/ATP. Our study demonstrates that lateral decubitus positioning provides a more favorable corridor for the OLIF/ATP technique from L1-L5 disc levels.
Carcass and meat quality of ram and ewe lambs

Carcass composition and quality and eating quality of the m. longissimus dorsi (LD) were compared in 15 entire male (ram) and 15 female (ewe) pure bred Dorset Down lambs (carcass weight range 12 to 23 kg). Rams grew 28 g/day faster than ewes, taking on average 2 weeks less to achieve 35 kg live weight. At the mean carcass weight of 16-8 kg, ram carcasses contained more lean (42 g/kg carcass weight) and bone (19 g/kg) and less fat (subcutaneous, 33 g/kg; intermuscular, 28 g/kg; perirenal-retroperitoneal, 14 g/kg) than ewe carcasses. At the same level of fat cover in the commercially prepared side, ewe carcasses required more trimming of subcutaneous fat than rams. However, there was more intermuscular fat (which is not removed by conventional cutting) in the ewes; consequently their saleable meat contained 51 g/kg more fat and 37 g/kg less lean than that from rams. The roast LD was invariably tender and the eating quality of LD from rams was as desirable as that from ewes, while overall eating quality compared favourably with that of animals studied previously. There was no evidence of an undesirable sexual odour or flavour in ram meat. With early maturing breeds, which can be finished off grass, non-castration of entire males offers the opportunity of improving the efficiency of lean meat production whilst retaining good carcass and eating quality.
The Impact of Perceived Destination Restorative Qualities on Chinese Tourists Behavioral Intention After Visiting Thailand

Purpose - This study identifies the exact perceived destination restorative qualities (PDRQs) influencing Chinese tourists’ behavioral intention after visiting Thailand and model the relationship between PDRQs, tourist satisfaction and post-tour behavioral intention. Design/methodology/approach – This empirical study conducted a survey on 342 Chinese tourists in Bangkok during the period of October 4 to 10, 2019. SEM was utilized to analyze the relationship between variables in the proposed conceptual model and bootstrap estimation was conducted to assess the mediation effect of satisfaction between PDRQs and tourist behavioral intention. Findings - (1) three PDRQ components, namely compatibility, mentally away and fascination had significant influence on both Chinese tourists’ satisfaction and behavioral intention after visiting Thailand; (2) satisfaction significantly moderated the relationship between perceived compatibility, mentally away, fascination and tourists’ post-tour behavioral intention; (3) the total effect of perceived compatibly and fascination was significantly higher than that of perceived mentally away on tourists’ post-tour behavioral intention. Discussion - The findings show that three PDRQ components influenced both Chinese tourists’ satisfaction and behavioral intention after visiting Thailand and satisfaction mediated the relationship between PDRQs and post-tour
MEDIA EXPOSURE FOR AN ENHANCED COMMUNICATIVE ESL INSTRUCTION

The study assessed the level of media exposure and English language performance of selected freshmen students of Samar State University. Eminent findings revealed that majority of the student – respondents used English language in using the different forms of print, audio and audio – visual media. In writing, listening and reading skills, majority of the respondents were intermediate level while in speaking skill, majority of the respondents were fairly proficient. Lastly, for viewing skill, the respondents were advanced level. Print media affect the viewing and speaking skills of the respondents while the audio – visual media affects the speaking skill of the respondents. The educational background of the respondents’ parents’, occupation of the respondents’ mother, family income and previous English grade of the respondents showed to be significant towards English language performance of the respondents. Furthermore, this led to a recommendation for an enhanced communicative ESL classroom instruction through the use of the different forms of media.
The Impact of Online Consumer Reviews (OCR) on Online Consumers Purchase Intention

Design/methodology/approach – In this study, quantitative research techniques were utilized. Primary data of the study was collected through a self-administered Likert type online survey. In total, 200 volunteer participants familiar with online shopping filled the study survey. The research model of the study was analyzed with the help of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equational model (SEM) techniques.
Experiments on rumen retention time, fermentation rate and dry-matter digestibility in zebu and european-type cattle on a grass hay ration

1. Experiments are described in which retention time of digesta in the reticulo-rumen, fermentation rates of rumen contents, and dry-matter digestibilities were studied simultaneously in four grade European and three zebu steers. 2. Fermentation rates and rumen retentions were significantly negatively correlated. 3. Correlations between digestibility and the other two factors were not significant at a high level. 4. The multiple regressions calculated for retention time and fermentation rate were significant at the 5% level and that for digestibility approached this level. 5. While only fermentation rates show significant differences for the two types of cattle, the results suggest that grades and zebus differ also in the rate of passage of digesta through the rumen. 6. The loss in weight of substrate per unit of fermentation products was measured in in vitro experiments. 7. Using certain assumptions, estimates are made of the extent to which the measured fermentation rates could account for the loss in weight of dry matter during digestion, and are compared with the loss actually found.
Mechanisms of Spiroplasma Pathogenicity

Spiroplasmas are helical prokaryotes lacking a rigid cell wall; that is they are mycoplasmas. For plant pathologists the mycoplasma era began in 1966 when Doi and colleagues (28) found by electron microscopy that certain yellows­ diseased plants harbored in their phloem microorganisms indistinguishable from typical mycoplasmas associated with animals. The possibility that these organisms, still generally referred to as mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO), were the yellows pathogens was strengthened by the finding that treatment of diseased plants with tetracyclines produced a flush of symptom-free growth (35). Since virus replication and fungal growth in plants are unaffected by tetracyclines, these results suggested that a prokaryote was the etiological agent of the disease. Publication of these papers produced an explosion of similar work as people in many countries sought evidence of mycoplasmal etiology in a wide range of other yellows diseases. The techniques introduced by the Japanese workers, viz. electron microscopic examination of thin sections of diseased tissue and tetracycline treatment of plants, have remained standard analytical procedures, and their pioneering contribution was recognized by the award of a Citation by the International Organization for Mycoplasmology in 1982. The early descrip­ tive phase of plant mycoplasma research has been reviewed many times (e.g. 45,48,55, 79). Among the many diseases with which MLO were associated were com stunt (32) and citrus stubborn (41). The next major burst of activity came with attempts to culture the presump­ tive pathogens, using procedures adapted from those used for animal mycoplas-
Cognitive-Behavioral Group Training on Marital Satisfaction and Ineffective Beliefs in Pregnant Women Unable to Control the Fear of First Delivery

Background & Objectives: Marriage and pregnancy are vital events in women's lives and cause numerous changes in life, especially in the case of the first pregnancy. Fear of giving birth is among the major issues associated with pregnancy and postpartum. Irrational beliefs are exaggerated, inflexible, absolute, and unreal. Attitude toward life events and their interpretation could influence various aspects of life. Ineffective beliefs result in depression and mental health problems. Ineffective attitudes and beliefs lead to interpreting special situations negatively and decrease marital satisfaction. In women with the fear of first delivery, marital satisfaction and ineffective beliefs are considered as crucial in cognitive and behavioral training. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Group Training (CBGT) on marital satisfaction and ineffective beliefs in pregnant women unable to control the fear of first delivery. CBGT focuses on identifying the problems of a mother during pregnancy, concerning motherhood, herself, and the world, and that she can cope with them. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and an unequal control group. The statistical population consisted of pregnant women with the fear of first delivery referring to a health center in Quchan City, Iran, in the last quarter of 2018. The study samples were selected using Delivery Fear Scale (DFS). Accordingly, 39 pregnant women with the fear of delivery were selected and randomly divided into two experimental (n=20) and control group (n=19). They participated in the study voluntarily. The experimental group participated in CBGT (ten 90-min sessions). Three instruments were applied to collect the required data; Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire (CAQ; revised by Lowe, 2000, Jonez Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (1986), and Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale (AMSS; by Afrooz and Ghodrati, 2011). Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the obtained data at the significance level of (α=0.05) in SPSS. Results: The results of the analysis of covariance showed that cognitive-behavioral group education had a significant effect on dysfunctional beliefs and marital satisfaction of women with fear of first childbirth (p=0.003) and 25.5% of the variance of dysfunctional marriages (p=0.007) and 37.5% of variance explains the marital satisfaction of a woman who is unable to control the fear of childbirth (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the present study findings, CBGT positively impacted ineffective beliefs and marital satisfaction in the studied pregnant women with the fear of first childbirth. It is recommended that this method be used to improve the relationship between pregnant women and their spouses during pregnancy.
Comparison of Kinematic Sequence Parameters between Amateur and Professional Golfers

The purpose of this study was to compare key magnitude and timing parameters of the kinematic sequence between amateur recreational players (amateurs) and PGA touring professionals (pros). It was hypothesized that the key magnitude parameters would be significantly higher in the pros than the amateurs, and that the key timing parameters would be significantly different between the two groups. A representative swing from each of 19 amateurs and 19 pros was captured using three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis techniques. Eighteen key kinematic sequence performance variables that occur during the downswing were computed from the data. Student t-test’s were used to compare the group means for each parameter with an experiment-wise level of significance set at p<0.2, and a corresponding test-wise significance of p<0.011. All the magnitude variables including rotational accelerations; rotational decelerations, (except pelvis); peak rotational speeds; rotational speed gains; and linear club head speed at impact, showed a significant difference between the amateurs and pros, with the pros having greater values in every case. Although the pelvis rotational deceleration did not show a significant difference between groups, every pro did show a slowing of the pelvis before impact; not so with the amateurs. The mean of the peak times showed no significant difference between the pros and amateurs, but the standard deviations of the means for the amateurs were at least double those for the pros in each case. It was also found that the peaking order of the body segment speeds, determined from the mean timing variables, was pelvis, thorax, then arm; whereas for the amateurs it was pelvis, arm, then thorax.
Changes in Soil Microorganisms, Flowering, and Yield of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ Pineapple as Affected by Black Plastic Mulch in Organic Production

In organic production, plastic mulch is the most efficient methods for suppressing weeds and conserving moisture, however, few studies on the effect of plastic on soil microorganisms and flowering on pineapple. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of black plastic mulches on changing of soil microorganisms, flowering, and yield of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple in organic production. This research was conducted at Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand during May 2006-December 2008. The results showed that the number of bacteria actinomycete and fungi beneath black plastic mulch in the organic experimental plot were higher than in the bare soil experimental plot both in organic and conventional production and CO2 evolution released from the black plastic mulch experimental plot in organic production did not show significant difference with bare soil experimental plot in conventional production but was higher than the bare soil experimental plot in organic production. Natural flowering in conventional plot was higher than organic black plastic mulch experimental plot. Pineapple plants in organic production treated with 6000 L ha -1 of a solution containing ethylene gas at 800, 1000, and 1200 g and 0.5% activated charcoal had 95.8%, 97.8% and 96.8% flowering, respectively while the pineapples which were not treated showed no flowering. No statistically significant differences were found in percentage flowering yield and fruit quality of all treatments which applied ethylene gas.
Top-down and Bottom-up Regulation in a Detritus-based Aquatic Food Web: A Repeated Field Experiment Using The Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia Purpurea) Inquiline Community

ABSTRACT The aquatic food web found within the leaves of the purple pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea) is useful for studying top-down and bottom-up effects. The food web has an omnivorous top-predator and is fueled by invertebrates drowned in the pitfall trap of the pitcher plant. Modeled on a previous experiment for the purpose of comparison, I conducted a 3 × 3 factorial press experiment over 4 wk, using 45 pitcher leaves in a bog in Michigan. Treatments included 3 levels (none, low and high) of both resource input and top-predator density. Both top-down and bottom-up treatments had significant effects on populations within the inquiline food web. Rotifer, mite, protozoan and bacterial density and protozoa richness increased when resources were added. Top-predator density negatively affected rotifer, protozoa and bacteria density. These findings suggest that in this food web bottom-up forces predominate, but top-down forces are also important. A similar study conducted in Florida is used to make a latitudinal comparison of food web regulation and temperature is hypothesized to be responsible for observed differences between the inquiline food webs.
A Versatile Growth Model with Statistically Stable Parameters

This paper presents a new comprehensive growth model which includes numerous historical models as special cases. The new model is derived from a concise biological principle which, unlike earlier theories, relates to growth acceleration. Properties of growth curves, such as asymptotic limits or inflection points, are shown to be incidental in this new context. Possible submodels include not only asymptotic growth (such as von Bertalanffy, Richards, Gompertz, or logistic growth) but also linear, quadratic, or exponential growth. By simple analysis of variance, the observed data can be used directly in deciding which type of model is most appropriate. The new model is cast in terms of parameters which have stable statistical estimates. From this perspective, it is shown how earlier formulations sometimes result in an endless computer search for optimal parameter estimates.Key words: Growth, asymptotic growth, von Bertalanffy, Richards, Gompertz, logistic, length at age, weight at age, nonlinear parameter es.