Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tau guidance in boundary-avoidance tracking: new perspectives on pilot-induced oscillations

DOI: 10.2514/1.54065 Tau theory, introduced to the flight control discipline as a model for natural guidance, is shown to provide an approach to predicting a class of adverse aircraft-pilot couplings described as boundary-avoidance tracking events and pilot-induced oscillations. These have previously been modeled a posterior as discrete events using timedependent feedback gains. Drawing on the prospective nature of the time-to-contact variable optical tau � , a new method is proposed for modeling such phenomenon and also for determining the critical incipience for this class of aircraft-pilotcoupling.Inthepresentstudy,theapproachhasbeenappliedtotauguidanceinarotorcrafttrajectory tracking maneuver, to predict the conditions under which aircraft-pilot couplings may occur. In addition, a strong correlation between motion and control activity and the derivatives of tau adds substance to the hypothesis that the pilot’sperceptualsystemworksdirectlywithinvariantsintheoptical flowduringvisualguidance.Resultsfrom flight simulation tests conducted at the University of Liverpool and complementary flight tests carried out with the National Research Council (Canada) advanced systems research aircraft in-flight simulator support the tau control hypothesis. The theory suggests ways that pilots could be alerted to the impending threat of such adverse aircraftpilot couplings.
HOMOCLINIC TANGENCIES, GENERATING PARTITIONS AND CURVATURE OF INVARIANT MANIFOLDS

A method to compute the curvature of the unstable manifold is introduced and applied to Henon map and Duffing attractor, showing that it allows the authors to locate the homoclinic tangencies and, in turn, to construct a generating partition. The probability distribution of curvature-values is investigated, showing a power-law decay. Finally, the shape of the multifractal spectrum of effective Liapunov exponents in nonhyperbolic systems is discussed.
‘The worst time of year in Rome for the Olympics’: lessons and legacies in healthcare from the 1960 Olympic Games

ABSTRACT The provision of medical support for athletes during the Olympic Games has been a feature of each Olympic event. Prior to 1960, medical services were largely utilitarian in nature, frequently relying on military medical services and focused on providing only the essential medical support to athletes, support staff and spectators during the games. However, the appointment of Professor Luigi Gedda to lead the Medical and Scientific Committee for Rome led to an expansion of healthcare services beyond routine clinical delivery, to focus on an extensive and controversial research and education programme during the games. Subsequently, the games were confronted by a range of novel clinical scenarios, including the presence of intense heat during competitions, the transmission of infectious disease among athletes, the rapidly expanding use of drugs by athletes and the death of an athlete following competition. This paper utilises archival documents and contemporary sources to critically review the nature, effectiveness and impact of the healthcare provided at the 1960 Olympic Games.
Accuracy of RUC-1 and RUC-2 Wind and Aircraft Trajectory Forecasts by Comparison with ACARS Observations

Abstract As part of an investigation into terminal airspace productivity sponsored by the NASA Ames Research Center, a study was performed at the Forecast Systems Laboratory to investigate sources of wind forecast error and to assess differences in wind forecast accuracy between the 60-km Rapid Update Cycle, version 1 (RUC-1), and the newer 40-km RUC-2. Improved knowledge of these errors is important for development of air traffic management automation tools under development at NASA Ames and elsewhere. This information is also useful for operational users of RUC forecast winds. To perform this study, commercial aircraft reports of wind reported through Aircraft Communications, Addressing, and Reporting System (ACARS) were collected in a region over the western and central United States for a 13-month period, along with RUC-1 and RUC-2 wind forecasts. Differences between forecasts and ACARS observations and estimates of ACARS wind observation error itself were both calculated. It was found that rms vector.
Minimum energy MRI gradient coils of general geometry

The author presents a new method for the design of gradient coil systems for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with minimum energy. The new method eliminates previous restrictions on coil geometry and provides a unified approach for systems of any shape, including traditional cylindrical and planar systems. Realistic constraints can easily be enforced, such as the length of the cylinder in a cylindrical system, the size of the plane in a planar system, or the presence of current-free slots or holes. The method can deal with the eddy currents induced in conducting objects, and with shielded or double-shielded coil systems. The magnetic energy is minimized after all effects have been included, resulting in a truly optimized real-world system. The method also employs a new optimization scheme. A design example is presented and shown to have a substantially lower energy, smaller inductance and better gradient quality than previous similar designs.
Hyperbolic inverse boundary-value problem and time-continuation of the non-stationary Dirichlet-to-Neumann map

Let M be a compact Riemannian manifold with non-empty boundary M. In this paper we consider an inverse problem for the second-order hyperbolic initial-boundary-value problem utt + but + a(x, D)u = 0 in M R+, u|MR+ = f, u|t=0 = ut|t=0 = 0. Our goal is to determine (M, g), b and a(x, D) from the knowledge of the non-stationary Dirichlet-to-Neumann map (the hyperbolic response operator) RT, with sufficiently large T 0. The response operator RT is the map , where is the normal derivative of the solution of the initial-boundary-value problem. More specifically, we show the following. (i) It is possible to determine Rt for any t 0 if we know RT for sufficiently large T and some geometric condition upon the geodesic behaviour on (M, g) is satisfied. (ii) It is then possible to determine (M, g) and b uniquely and the elliptic operator a(x, D) modulo generalized gauge transformations.
Intracoronary Imaging of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: From Assessment of Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implication

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several cardiovascular risk factors are implicated in atherosclerotic plaque promotion and progression and are responsible for the clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease (CAD), ranging from chronic to acute coronary syndromes and sudden coronary death. The advent of intravascular imaging (IVI), including intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has significantly improved the comprehension of CAD pathophysiology and has strengthened the prognostic relevance of coronary plaque morphology assessment. Indeed, several atherosclerotic plaque phenotype and mechanisms of plaque destabilization have been recognized with different natural history and prognosis. Finally, IVI demonstrated benefits of secondary prevention therapies, such as lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory agents. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the principles and properties of available IVI modalities along with their prognostic significance.
Impact of inflammatory markers, dread diseases and cycle threshold (Ct) Values in COVID-19 progression

The link between the inflammatory marker and SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) with disease progression remains undefined, mainly in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this study aimed to identify several inflammatory markers (Ferritin, LDH, and D-dimer), and Ct values to predict outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 Iraqi patients. A case study was performed on 426 patients to guess cutoff values of inflammatory markers that were detected by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and specific auto-analyzer instrument. Significantly increased levels of inflammatory markers in critical and severe patients compared with mild-moderate (p < 0.001). Compared with aging and disease severity, inflammatory markers and Ct values are significantly related to the aging and severity in critical and severe COVID-19 patients (p < 0.001). Finding the Ct value was negatively associated with Ferritin, LDH, and D-dimer (p < 0.001); moreover, inflammatory markers concentrations and Ct values were significantly higher during the first ten days. The Ct values correlate with some relevant clinical parameters of inflammation. Higher levels of D dimer, S. Ferritin and LDH were associated with older age and the severity of COVID-19. The area under the ROC curve indicates that serum ferritin was the highest and excellent predictor for disease severity. Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; Inflammation; D-dimer; Ferritin; Lactate dehydrogenase; Cycle threshold (Ct).
Spermidine Rescues Bioenergetic and Mitophagy Deficits Induced by Disease-Associated Tau Protein

Abnormal tau build-up is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and more than 20 other serious neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria are paramount organelles playing a predominant role in cellular bioenergetics, namely by providing the main source of cellular energy via adenosine triphosphate generation. Abnormal tau impairs almost every aspect of mitochondrial function, from mitochondrial respiration to mitophagy. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of spermidine, a polyamine which exerts neuroprotective effects, on mitochondrial function in a cellular model of tauopathy. Recent evidence identified autophagy as the main mechanism of action of spermidine on life-span prolongation and neuroprotection, but the effects of spermidine on abnormal tau-induced mitochondrial dysfunction have not yet been investigated. We used SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing a mutant form of human tau protein (P301L tau mutation) or cells expressing the empty vector (control cells). We showed that spermidine improved mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential as well as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in both control and P301L tau-expressing cells. We also showed that spermidine decreased the level of free radicals, increased autophagy and restored P301L tau-induced impairments in mitophagy. Overall, our findings suggest that spermidine supplementation might represent an attractive therapeutic approach to prevent/counteract tau-related mitochondrial impairments.
Designing and Reliability Analysis of Radiation Hardened Stacked Gate Junctionless FinFET and CMOS Inverter

Along with radiation sensing, necessity to study and design reliable radiation hardened devices is also increasing now-a-days. These devices are tolerant to high dosage of radiations without causing any physical damage, logic damage or data loss. In the current work, stacked gate Junctionless FinFET (SG JL FinFET) is analyzed as radiation hardened device by studying the impact of radiation of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) values ranging from 2MeV.cm2/mg to 10MeV.cm2/mg on the device performance. The proposed radiation hardened FinFET is experimentally calibrated with pre and post irradiation data. Single event upset (SEU) study using transient analysis is carried out to study the performance of proposed radiation hardened device at microwave frequency. High-k material-hafnium dioxide is used as gate oxide material to improve radiation hardness of SG JL FinFET. Electrical parameters-drain current, surface potential and SEU generation rate are studied to analyze device characteristics. Optimization of gate oxide, doping concentration, gate metals and temperature is carried out to enhance the reliability of device in terms of radiation hardness. SG JL FinFET is exposed to different types of waves- UV rays, X-ray, and Gamma rays to study the response of device at different frequencies. The comparison of SG JL and SG Inversion Mode (IM) FinFET has been performed. Comparison of SG JL FinFET with previously reported Inverted mode FinFET, L-shaped tunnel FET and Fully Depleted Silicon on Insulator (FD-SOI) MOSFET is carried out to find most suitable device which can provide highest immunity to radiation exposure. Response of JL FinFET based CMOS inverter in presence of radiation is studied and is also compared with other available CMOS inverters.
Gender diversity associated with patterns of brain activation seen in populations that experience childhood stress

Introduction Stressful childhood experiences are associated with unique brain activity patterns during emotional processing. Specifically, pediatric stress is linked to activation in the insulae, superior temporal and parahippocampal gyri, and the amygdalae, as well as differential activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex when viewing emotional faces. Gender diversity is broadly associated with higher victimization and mental health disparities in children aged 9/10, but whether it is associated with stress-like alterations in brain function (BOLD signal during task-based fMRI) remains unknown. We investigate the functional brain correlates of this relationship to determine if gender-diverse youth show patterns of functional activity during an emotional task consistent with those of other populations that experience heightened stress. Methods We used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD)® study. First, we identified a subset of 4,385 participants aged 10/11 years with gender diversity data and quality-controlled fMRI data from the EN-Back (emotional n-back) task. The EN-Back is a working memory task that presents emotion faces as well as pictures of places as control stimuli. We regressed BOLD signal associated with emotion faces (faces minus places contrast) on gender diversity. Next, we tested if parental acceptance or youth perceptions of their school environment moderated the relationship between gender diversity and activation in the insulae or fusiform gyrus. Finally, we used structural equation modeling to investigate gender diversity’s association with parental acceptance, perceptions of school environments, internalizing and externalizing problems. Results Gender diversity was associated with widespread increases in BOLD signal during the faces condition of the EN-Back task. Youth’s report of parental acceptance and school environment did not moderate the relationship between gender diversity and BOLD signal in the insula or fusiform gyrus. Gender diversity was related to greater parent and school-related stress, which was associated with elevated mental health problems. Conclusion Patterns of functional activity were consistent with those reported in prior literature on childhood stress. Gender diversity was associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems, as well as parent and school-related stress. These findings indicate the importance of the home and school environments for supporting the wellbeing of gender diverse youth.
Complete genome sequence analysis of Edwardsiella tarda SC002 from hatchlings of Siamese crocodile

Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium and the causative agent of the systemic disease “Edwardsiellosis”. It is commonly prevalent in aquatic organisms with subsequent economic loss and hence has attracted increasing attention from researchers. In this study, we investigated the complete genome sequence of a highly virulent isolate Edwardsiella tarda SC002 isolated from hatchlings of the Siamese crocodile. The genome of SC002 consisted of one circular chromosome of length 3,662,469 bp with a 57.29% G+C content and four novel plasmids. A total of 3,734 protein-coding genes, 12 genomic islands (GIs), 7 prophages, 48 interspersed repeat sequences, 248 tandem repeat sequences, a CRISPR component with a total length of 175 bp, and 171 ncRNAs (tRNA = 106, sRNA = 37, and rRNA = 28) were predicted. In addition, the coding genes of assembled genome were successfully annotated against eight general databases (NR = 3,618/3,734, COG = 2,947/3,734, KEGG = 3,485/3,734, SWISS-PROT = 2,787/3,734, GO = 2,648/3,734, Pfam = 2,648/3,734, CAZy = 130/3,734, and TCDB = 637/3,734) and four pathogenicity-related databases (ARDB = 11/3,734, CARD = 142/3,734, PHI = 538/3,734, and VFDB = 315/3,734). Pan-genome and comparative genome analyses of the complete sequenced genomes confirmed their evolutionary relationships. The present study confirmed that E. tarda SC002 is a potential pathogen bearing a bulk amount of antibiotic resistance, virulence, and pathogenic genes and its open pan-genome may enhance its host range in the future.
Evaluation of First Treatment Timing, Fatal Disease Onset, and Days from First Treatment to Death Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Cattle

Simple Summary Bovine respiratory disease is a frequent and economically important disease in the beef industry. Little research exists describing the expected timing of bovine respiratory disease events and subsequent case outcomes. The objective of this research is to describe temporal patterns of disease occurrence, days to death following treatment, and timing of fatal disease onset. Operational data from 25 participating feed yards were used to create a relevant subset of respiratory disease cases and mortalities for comparison of temporal disease patterns. Results illustrated that the time of arrival to the feed yard influenced the timing of disease onset. The days to death following treatment displayed a right-skewed distribution with cattle arriving in the second quarter dying later after treatment compared to cattle arriving in the third and fourth quarters. Timing of fatal disease onset varied by quarter and displayed a wide distribution of event timing relative to arrival. Understanding typical disease temporal patterns can help cattle health managers appropriately allocate resources for disease control. Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent beef cattle syndrome. Improved understanding of the timing of BRD events, including subsequent deleterious outcomes, promotes efficient resource allocation. This study’s objective was to determine differences in timing distributions of initial BRD treatments (Tx1), days to death after initial treatment (DTD), and days after arrival to fatal disease onset (FDO). Individual animal records for the first BRD treatment (n = 301,721) or BRD mortality (n = 19,332) were received from 25 feed yards. A subset of data (318–363 kg; steers/heifers) was created and Wasserstein distances were used to compare temporal distributions of Tx1, FDO, and DTD across genders (steers/heifers) and the quarter of arrival. Disease frequency varied by quarter with the greatest Wasserstein distances observed between Q2 and Q3 and between Q2 and Q4. Cattle arriving in Q3 and Q4 had earlier Tx1 events than in Q2. Evaluating FDO and DTD revealed the greatest Wasserstein distance between cattle arriving in Q2 and Q4, with cattle arriving in Q2 having later events. Distributions of FDO varied by gender and quarter and typically had wide distributions with the largest 25–75% quartiles ranging from 20 to 80 days (heifers arriving in Q2). The DTD had right-skewed distributions with 25% of cases occurring by days 3–4 post-treatment. Results illustrate temporal disease and outcome patterns are largely right-skewed and may not be well represented by simple arithmetic means. Knowledge of typical temporal patterns allows cattle health managers to focus disease control efforts on the correct groups of cattle at the appropriate time.
Hydrogen Sulfide Enhances Browning Repression and Quality Maintenance in Fresh-Cut Peaches via Modulating Phenolic and Amino Acids Metabolisms

Effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the browning and quality maintenance of fresh-cut peach fruit were studied. The results showed that H2S treatment repressed the development of surface browning, suppressed the increase in respiration rate and weight loss, and delayed the decline of firmness while soluble solids content (SSC) and microbial growth were unaffected during storage. H2S treatment maintained higher contents of phenolic compounds, especially neo-chlorogenic acid, catechin, and quercetin, and delayed the degradation of phenolic compounds by enhancing the activities of phenolic biosynthesis-related enzymes and inhibiting the oxidative activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in comparison with control. Moreover, H2S stimulated the accumulation of amino acids and their derivatives including proline, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and polyamines (PAs) via enhancing biosynthesis and repressing degradation compared to control. These results suggested that H2S treatment enhanced the accumulation of phenolic, amino acids, and their derivatives by modulating phenolic and amino acids metabolisms, which contributed to the higher antioxidant activity and membrane integrity maintenance, ultimately repressing browning development and maintaining the quality. Therefore, the current study speculated that H2S might be a promising approach for browning inhibition and quality maintenance in fresh-cut peach fruit.
Continuous bed motion acquisition on a whole body combined PET/CT system

The continuous motion of the patient bed during the acquisition of PET data represents an alternative to the standard step and shoot protocol where a sequence of discrete, overlapping steps are performed. This PET acquisition mode, similar to the whole body CT scan in which the patient bed moves continuously through the scanner has significant advantages, including uniform axial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), elimination of resolution artifacts by sampling continuously in the axial direction and a reduction in noise from detector normalization. We have implemented and evaluated continuous bed motion acquisition on the combined PET/CT scanner (CPS Innovations, Knoxville, TN). Methods: Emission data were acquired in list mode format with the bed moving at a constant velocity. The position of the bed was recorded in a separate file together with the current event count. The list mode data were then rebinned into sinograms and reconstructed using the same routines applied to reconstruct the standard images. Each sinogram corresponded to an axial plane thickness of 2.4 mm. Phantom data were acquired with both the standard discrete, overlapping steps and with continuous movement of the bed. Data were collected for a whole body phantom containing lesions carefully positioned in the overlap region between two bed positions to specifically emphasize the effect of the improved SNR. Results: The continuous movement of the patient bed resulted in a uniform axial SNR, improving lesion detectability in the bed overlap region. The continuous axial sampling allowed the 10mm lesion in the whole body phantom to have 45% improvement in contrast compared to the step and shoot acquisition. Patient studies demonstrated improved detectability due to finer axial sampling and uniform SNR.