Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A TIDALLY DISRUPTING DWARF GALAXY IN THE HALO OF NGC 253

We report the discovery of Scl-MM-Dw2, a new dwarf galaxy at a projected separation of ∼50 kpc from NGC 253, as part of the Panoramic Imaging Survey of Centaurus and Sculptor project (PISCeS). We measure a tip of the red giant branch (RGB) distance of 3.12 ± 0.30 Mpc, suggesting that Scl-MM-Dw2 is likely a satellite of NGC 253. We qualitatively compare the distribution of RGB stars in the color–magnitude diagram with theoretical isochrones and find that it is consistent with an old, ∼12 Gyr, and metal-poor, − 2.3 < ? > [Fe/H] < − 1.1 ? > , stellar population. We also detect a small number of asymptotic giant branch stars consistent with a metal-poor 2–3 Gyr population in the center of the dwarf. Our non-detection of HI in a deep Green Bank Telescope spectrum implies a gas fraction M HI / L V < 0.02 ? > M ⊙ / L ⊙ ? > . The stellar and gaseous properties of Scl-MM-Dw2 suggest that it is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Scl-MM-Dw2 has a luminosity of M V = − 12.1 ± 0.5 ? > mag and a half-light radius of rh = 2.94 ± 0.46 kpc ? > , which makes it moderately larger than dwarf galaxies in the Local Group of the same luminosity. However, Scl-MM-Dw2 is very elongated ( ϵ = 0.66 ± 0.06 ? > ), and it has an extremely low surface brightness ( &mgr; 0 , V = 27.7 ± 0.6 ? > mag arcsec−2). Its elongation and diffuseness make it an outlier in the ellipticity–luminosity and surface brightness–luminosity scaling relations. These properties suggest that this dwarf is being tidally disrupted by NGC 253.
A natural approach to extended Newtonian gravity: tests and predictions across astrophysical scales

In the pursuit of a general formulation for a modified gravitational theory at the non-relativistic level and as an alternative to the dark matter hypothesis, we construct a model valid over a wide variety of astrophysical scales. Through the inclusion of Milgrom’s acceleration constant into a gravitational theory, we show that very general formulae can be constructed for the acceleration felt by a particle. Dimensional analysis shows that this inclusion naturally leads to the appearance of a mass-length scale in gravity, breaking its scale invariance. A particular form of the modified gravitational force is constructed and tested for consistency with observations over a wide range of astrophysical environments, from Solar system to extragalactic scales. We show that over any limited range of physical parameters, which define a specific class of astrophysical objects, the dispersion velocity of a system must be a power law of its mass and size. These powers appear linked together through a natural constraint relation of the theory. This yields a generalized gravitational equilibrium relation valid for all astrophysical systems. A general scheme for treating spherical symmetrical density distributions is presented, which in particular shows that the Fundamental Plane of elliptical galaxies, the Newtonian virial equilibrium, the Tully–Fisher and the Faber–Jackson relations, as well as the scalings observed in local dwarf spheroidal galaxies, are nothing but particular cases of that relation when applied to the appropriate mass-length scales. We discuss the implications of this approach for a modified theory of gravity and emphasize the advantages of working with the force, instead of altering Newton’s second law of motion, in the formulation of a gravitational theory.
Lignocellulosic Biomasses from Agricultural Wastes Improved the Quality and Physicochemical Properties of Frying Oils

In this work, the effects of using natural lignocellulosic-based adsorbents from sugarcane bagasse (SC), cornstalk piths (CP), and corn cob (CC) on the physicochemical properties and quality of fried oils were studied. The properties of lignocellulosic biomasses were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Moreover, the changes in the physicochemical properties of fresh, fried oils (for 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 h) and adsorbents-treated oils were examined. The XRD results revealed that SC and CP biomasses have more amorphous regions than CC biomass, which had the highest crystallinity percentage. The results also showed that lignocellulosic biomasses enhanced the quality of the used oils. SC was the most effective biomass to enhance the properties of the used sunflower oil. For instance, the acid value of oil samples fried for 20 h reduced from 0.63 ± 0.02 to 0.51 ± 0.02 mg KOH/g oil after SC biomass treatment. For the peroxide value, the SC biomass treatment reduced it from 9.45 ± 0.56 (fried oil for 20 h) to 6.91 ± 0.12 meq O2/kg. Similarly, SC biomass adsorbent reduced the p-Anisidine Value (p-AV) of the used oil (20 h) from 98.45 ± 6.31 to 77.92 ± 3.65. Moreover, SC adsorbents slightly improved the lightness of the used oils (20 h). In conclusion, natural lignocellulosic biomasses, particularly SC, could be utilized as natural adsorbents to improve the oil quality. The results obtained from this study could help in developing sustainable methods to regenerate used oils using natural and cheap adsorbents.
The Theory of Electromagnetic Waves in a Crystal in which Excitons Are Produced

Light waves at frequencies in the region of exciton absorption of light in a crystal are considered, A relationship is obtained between the specific dipole moment of polarization of the crystal and the electric field intensity. This relation is not a direct proportion, as customarily assumed, but is expressed by a differential equation. For this reason, the resultant Maxwell equations ar~ of higher order and have more complicated solutions than the generally known solutions that follow from the simple phenomenological theory. It is shown that in a crystal there exist several waves of the same frequency, polarization, and propagation direction, but with different indices of refraction. This phenomenon differs from double refraction of light and occurs even in isotropically polarizing (cubic) crystals. Strictly-longitudinal electric waves are shown to exist in the crystal. Surface exciton states -analogues to surface electron statesare considered.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis and It’s Associated Risk Factors Among Human Population in Zakho District, Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Cryptosporidiosis caused by species belonging to genus Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease that affects both animals and humans, making it a major public health and veterinary concern. A cross sectional study was performed during the period from August 2021 to March2022, to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the human population in order to determine the effect of associated risk factors on the rate of infection in Zakho district, Duhok. Seven hundred Fecal specimens were collected from Zakho General Hospital and two primary schools located in suburban area of Zakho city. The collected stool specimens were examined macroscopically and microscopically using a modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining method. Cryptosporidium infection was found in 87.57% (613/700) of the examined specimens. Males showed slightly higher infection rate than females (88.4% vs. 85.5%) with non-significant difference (P > 0.05). Ages group (31-41 years) showed highest rates, with significant difference (P<0.05). The highest rates of infection were reported among families with 6-10 members, people drinking unfiltered municipal tap water, suburban residents, those with close contacts with domestic animal, and illiterate people. The control of this disease necessitates the improvement of living conditions, providing potable clean water and disseminating health education programs among the community.
Assessing the Accessibility of Swimming Pools in Nanjing by Walking and Cycling Using Baidu Maps

Frequent severe heat waves have caused a series of health problems for urban dwellers. Swimming, an exercise that combines both cooling off and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), is one solution for alleviating the conflict between urban heat problems and public health. Therefore, the distribution and spatial accessibility of swimming pools are worth examining. Using open-source data we scraped from the Baidu Map API (Application Programming Interface), we designed and constructed a grid-based accessibility index. We analyzed pool accessibility in three aspects: distribution of pools, catchment area of pools, and spatial disparities of the accessibility index. The results are as follows. (a) The pools are clustered, dense in the central area, and sparse in the peripheral areas. (b) 53.16% of the residents can access a pool within 5 minutes by cycling, and the number is only 12.03% when they travel on foot. The poor situation is highly improved with the extension of time, these figures are up to 97.62% and 70.71% when the time cost is 15 minutes. The overall circular buffer significantly mismatches the real catchment area of the pools. (c) The spatial disparity in accessibility is significant and shows a sharply decreasing trend outward from the center. (d) Pool accessibility is mainly influenced by the distribution of pools and ground obstacles such as rivers, mountains, and elevated roads. The method used here has high precision and can be used for accessibility assessments of other facilities in the city.
Second Harmonic and Sum-Frequency Generations from a Silicon Metasurface Integrated with a Two-Dimensional Material

Silicon-based nonlinear metasurfaces were implemented only with third-order nonlinearity due to the crystal centrosymmetry and the efficiencies are considerably low, which hinders their practical applications with low-power lasers. Here, we propose to integrate a two-dimensional GaSe flake onto a silicon metasurface to assist high-efficiency second-order nonlinear processes, including second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG). By resonantly pumping the integrated GaSe-metasurface, which supports a Fano resonance, the obtained SHG is about two orders of magnitude stronger than the third-harmonic generation from the bare silicon metasurface. In addition, thanks to the resonant field enhancement and GaSe's strong second-order nonlinearity, SHG of the integrated structure could be excited successfully with a low-power continuous-wave laser, which makes it possible to further implement SFG. The high-efficiency second-order nonlinear processes assisted by two-dimensional materials present potentials to expand silicon metasurface's functionalities in nonlinear regime.
Low temperature superlattice in monoclinic PZT

TEM has shown that the strongly piezoelectric material Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 separates into two phases at low temperatures. The majority phase is the monoclinic phase previously found by x-ray diffraction. The minority phase, with a nanoscale coherence length, is a slightly distorted variant of the first resulting from the anti-phase rotation of the oxygen octahedra about [111]. This work clears up a recent controversy about the origin of superlattice peaks in these materials, and supports recent theoretical results predicting the coexistence of ferroelectric and rotational instabilities.
Numerical models of collisions between core-collapse supernovae and circumstellar shells

Recent observations of luminous Type IIn supernovae (SNe) provide compelling evidence that massive circumstellar shells surround their progenitors. In this paper we investigate how the properties of such shells influence the SN light curve by conducting numerical simulations of the interaction between an expanding SN and a circumstellar shell ejected a few years prior to core collapse. Our parameter study explores how the emergent luminosity depends on a range of circumstellar shell masses, velocities, geometries and wind mass-loss rates, as well as variations in the SN mass and energy. We find that the shell mass is the most important parameter, in the sense that higher shell masses (or higher ratios of M shell /M SN ) lead to higher peak luminosities and higher efficiencies in converting shock energy into visual light. Lower mass shells can also cause high peak luminosities if the shell is slow or if the SN ejecta are very fast, but only for a short time. Sustaining a high luminosity for durations of more than 100 d requires massive circumstellar shells of the order of 10 M ⊙ or more. This reaffirms previous comparisons between pre-SN shells and shells produced by giant eruptions of luminous blue variables (LBVs), although the physical mechanism responsible for these outbursts remains uncertain. The light-curve shape and observed shell velocity can help diagnose the approximate size and density of the circumstellar shell, and it may be possible to distinguish between spherical and bipolar shells with multi-wavelength light curves. These models are merely illustrative. One can, of course, achieve even higher luminosities and longer duration light curves from interaction by increasing the explosion energy and shell mass beyond values adopted here.
High sensitivity C-reactive protein and dyslipidemia as a marker for the risk for cardiovascular disease

Background: High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a sensitive marker of inflammation and tissue damage is an acute phase reactant. It is raised in hypertension and predicts cardiovascular outcome. Moreover elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as hs-CRP and altered lipid profile are commonly seen in hypertension which may develop cardiovascular events, hence, hs-CRP, lipid profile and nitric oxide (NO) have been incorporated in the study. The aims of this study were to find out a relationship of serum hs-CRP and dyslipidemia in hypertensives and to find out an association of serum hs-CRP with the risk for Cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A case-control study was done among the patients visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal in which forty seven newly diagnosed hypertensives as cases and fifty age and sex matched healthy normotensives as controls, were enrolled in the study with the prior informed consent. hs-CRP, nitric oxide (NO) and lipid profile were estimated in both the cases and controls. Results: Hypertensives have significantly raised levels of hs-CRP, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and NO compared to that in controls (P< 0.05). hs-CRP has a significant positive correlation with systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and with triglyceride (TG) (P< 0.05). However, the correlation of hs-CRP with NO is negative but statistically significant (0.000). Conclusion: The level of hs-CRP, which is thought to be a marker of inflammation, is significantly raised in hypertensives. Moreover, the majority of hypertensives are dyslipidemic suggesting hypertensives to be at an increased risk for the development of CVD. Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, hs-CRP, hypertension, inflammation.
CONSTRAINTS ON THE POLARIZATION OF THE ANOMALOUS MICROWAVE EMISSION IN THE PERSEUS MOLECULAR COMPLEX FROM SEVEN-YEAR WMAP DATA

We have used the seven-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data in order to update the measurements of the intensity signal in the G159.6-18.5 region within the Perseus molecular complex and to set constraints on the polarization level of the anomalous microwave emission in the frequency range where this emission is dominant. At 23, 33, and 41 GHz, we obtain upper limits on the fractional linear polarization of 1.0%, 1.8%, and 2.7%, respectively (with a 95% confidence level). These measurements rule out a significant number of models based on magnetic dipole emission of grains that consist of a simple domain as responsible for the anomalous emission. When combining our results with the measurement obtained with the COSMOSOMAS experiment at 11 GHz, we find consistency with the predictions of the electric dipole and resonance relaxation theory at this frequency range.
Can dark matter be a scalar field?

In this paper we study a real scalar field as a possible candidate to explain the dark matter in the universe. In the context of a free scalar field with quadratic potential, we have used Union 2.1 SN Ia observational data jointly with a Planck prior over the dark matter density parameter to set a lower limit on the dark matter mass as m⩾0.12H0−1 eV (c=ℏ=1). For the recent value of the Hubble constant indicated by the Hubble Space Telescope, namely H0=73±1.8 km s−1Mpc−1, this leads to m⩾1.56×10−33 eV at 99.7% c.l. Such value is much smaller than m∼ 10−22 eV previously estimated for some models. Nevertheless, it is still in agreement with them once we have not found evidences for a upper limit on the scalar field dark matter mass from SN Ia analysis. In practice, it confirms free real scalar field as a viable candidate for dark matter in agreement with previous studies in the context of density perturbations, which include scalar field self interaction.
ASSESSING RADIATION PRESSURE AS A FEEDBACK MECHANISM IN STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

Radiation pressure from the absorption and scattering of starlight by dust grains may be an important feedback mechanism in regulating star-forming galaxies. We compile data from the literature on star clusters, star-forming subregions, normal star-forming galaxies, and starbursts to assess the importance of radiation pressure on dust as a feedback mechanism, by comparing the luminosity and flux of these systems to their dust Eddington limit. This exercise motivates a novel interpretation of the Schmidt law, the LIR–L′CO correlation, and the LIR–L′HCN correlation. In particular, the linear LIR–L′HCN correlation is a natural prediction of radiation pressure regulated star formation. Overall, we find that the Eddington limit sets a hard upper bound to the luminosity of any star-forming region. Importantly, however, many normal star-forming galaxies have luminosities significantly below the Eddington limit. We explore several explanations for this discrepancy, especially the role of “intermittency” in normal spirals—the tendency for only a small number of subregions within a galaxy to be actively forming stars at any moment because of the time dependence of the feedback process and the luminosity evolution of the stellar population. If radiation pressure regulates star formation in dense gas, then the gas depletion timescale is 6 Myr, in good agreement with observations of the densest starbursts. Finally, we highlight the importance of observational uncertainties, namely, the dust-to-gas ratio and the CO-to-H2 and HCN-to-H2 conversion factors, that must be understood before a definitive assessment of radiation pressure as a feedback mechanism in star-forming galaxies.
Trust in Government and Public-Private Partnership on Infrastructure Financing: Indonesian Experience

Vol. 12, No. 10, 2022, Pg. 727 – 741 Abstract There has been a huge shift in infrastructure development since the introduction of public-private partnership. However, one of the government's challenges continues to be the absence of private sector engagement in such an arrangement. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore non-financial factors that influence investors' decisions to fund PPP projects. This study specifically aims to present a conceptual examination of how private sector investment decisions in PPP in Indonesia are influenced by trust in government and its components, including government service quality, government transparency, and similarity of values. The findings show that trust in government and its attributes play important roles in PPP investment decision. Overall, the findings highlight the significance of non-financial variables in attracting the private sector to participate in government programs, including PPP.
Targeting Neuroinflammation in Osteoarthritis with Intra-Articular Adelmidrol

Neuroinflammation is an emerging therapeutic target in chronic degenerative and autoimmune diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Mast cells (MCs) play a key role in the homeostasis of joints and the activation of MCs induces the release of a huge number of mediators, which fuel the fire of neuroinflammation. Particularly, synovial MCs release substances which accelerate the degradation of the extra-cellular matrix causing morphological joint changes and cartilage damage and inducing the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts, angiogenesis, and the sprouting of sensory nerve fibers, which mediate chronic pain. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a well-known MCs modulator, but in osteoarthritic joints, its levels are significantly reduced. Adelmidrol, a synthetic derivate of azelaic acid belonging to the ALIAmides family, is a PEA enhancer. Preclinical and clinical investigations showed that the intra-articular administration of Adelmidrol significantly reduced MC infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and cartilage degeneration. The combination of 1% high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and 2% Adelmidrol has been effectively used for knee osteoarthritis and, a significant improvement in analgesia and functionality has been recorded.
Jupiter's magnetic field and magnetosphere

Among the planets of the solar system, Jupiter is unique in connection with its size and its large magnetic moment, second only to the sun's. The Jovian magnetic field was first detected indirectly by radio astronomers who postulated its existence to explain observations of nonthermal radio emissions from Jupiter at decimetric and decametric wavelengths. Since the early radio astronomical studies of the Jovian magnetosphere, four spacecraft have flown by the planet at close distances and have provided in situ information about the geometry of the magnetic field and its strength. The Jovian magnetosphere is described in terms of three principal regions. The inner magnetosphere is the region where the magnetic field created by sources internal to the planet dominates. The region in which the equatorial currents flow is denoted as the middle magnetosphere. In the outer magnetosphere, the field has a large southward component and exhibits large temporal and/or spatial variations in magnitude and direction in response to changes in solar wind pressure.