Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atividade de desinfetantes comerciais frente a amostras de Salmonella Typhimurium isolados de suínos.

A Salmonella sp. é encontrada mundialmente, adaptada a diferentes espécies animais, sendo considerada uma das mais importantes causas de doença de origem alimentar em humanos. As sorovares de maior prevalência nos surtos de toxinfecções registrados, tanto no Brasil como no exterior, têm sido Enteritidis e Typhimurium. A salmonelose clínica em suínos aparece na forma de diarréia, causada pela S. Typhimurium, ou doença generalizada pela Choleraesuis. Os suínos portadores dos sorovares de Salmonella causadores de gastroenterite em humanos, na maioria das vezes, não apresentam sinais clínicos, passando despercebidos na granja e no abatedouro. Já foi estimado que 70% das carcaças contaminadas são dos próprios animais portadores e as demais (30%) são de contaminação cruzada, ou seja, o animal portador apresenta 3 a 4 vezes mais risco de ter a carcaça positiva. A prevalência de suínos portadores de Salmonella sp. ao abate no Rio Grande do Sul, nos anos de 1999/2000, foi estimada em 55% tendo sido os sorovares Typhimurium e Derby os mais encontrados. Estes resultados mostram que o animal abatido é o grande carreador de Salmonella para a linha de abate e para o produto final.
Cellular Migration May Exhibit Intrinsic Left-Right Asymmetries: A meta-analysis

The intracellular model of embryonic left-right (LR) asymmetry proposes that body laterality originates from intrinsic chiral properties of individual cells, and several recent studies identified consistent chirality in the behavior of cells in vitro. Here, we explored one prediction of the intrinsic asymmetry model: that LR asymmetries would be present in a wide range of mammalian cells, manifesting in the form of LR-biased migration toward an attractant. We mined data from published papers on galvanotaxis and chemotaxis and quantitatively analyzed the migration trajectories of adult somatic cells, stem cells, and cancer cells to determine whether they display significant consistent LR biases in their movements toward migration targets. We found that several cell types exhibited LR biases during galvanotaxis and chemotaxis, and that treatments inhibiting cytoskeletal remodeling or targeting ion channel activity both abolished these LR biases. While we cannot conclusively rule out the existence of subtle biasing cues in the apparatus of some of the studies, the analysis of this dataset suggests specific assays and cell types for further investigation into the chiral aspects of intrinsic cell behavior. Funding This work was funded by the American Heart Association Established Investigator grant 0740088N and NIH grants R01-GM077425 (to ML) and NRSA grant 1F32GM087107 (to LNV). M.L. is also supported by the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation.
induces caspase-mediated apoptosis and reactive oxygen species-mediated necrosis in cultured cortical neurons

Sustained alteration in [Ca 21 ]i triggers neuronal death. We examined morphological and signaling events of Ca 21 deficiency-induced neuronal death. Cortical cell cultures exposed to 20 mM 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N 0 ,N 0 -tetraacetic acid (BAPTA-AM), an intracellular calcium chelator, underwent neuronal apoptosis within 12 h that was evident by shriveled cell bodies, aggregated and condensed nuclear chromatin, and disrupted nuclear membrane. Thereafter, surviving neurons revealed typical necrosis, accompanied by swelling of cell body and mitochondria, over 24 h. Both apoptosis and necrosis were prevented by inclusion of 1 mg/mL cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Treatment with BAPTA-AM induced translocation of Bax into mitochondria within 4 h and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria over 4‐12 h. An active fragment of caspase-3, a downstream mediator of cytochrome c, was observed within 8 h and cleaved PHF-1-positive tau. Administration of zVAD-fmk, a broad inhibitor of caspases, or DEVD-amc, a selective inhibitor of caspase-3, selectively prevented the apoptosis component of BAPTA-AM neurotoxicity. In contrast, BAPTAAM-induced necrosis was propagated through sequential production of superoxide, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species. Combined treatment with caspase inhibitors and antioxidants blocked BAPTA-AM neurotoxicity. The present study suggests that neurons deficient in [Ca 21 ]i undergo caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and reactive oxygen
Extended Development in Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), a Predator of the Southern Pine Beetle

Thanasimus dubius (F.) is an important predator of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, a major pest of pine forests in the southern United States. We examined the development of T. dubius in the field using emergence traps, and by sampling the bark of trees previously attacked by D. frontalis. Over a 2-year period, several distinct episodes of T. dubius emergence occurred in trees enclosed by emergence traps, and bark sampling of other trees uncovered many T. dubius immatures almost 2 years after attack by D. frontalis. These results indicate that T. dubius development may be significantly longer and more variable under natural conditions than previously thought, and suggest that some individuals may undergo a diapause.
Effect of Organic Management on the Growth and Yield of Elephant Foot Yam

The present investigation has been carried out to find the most suitable combination package of organic nutrition for growth, yield and quality of elephant foot yam ( Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) var Gajendra through AICRP on tuber crops scheme. The results of the experiment revealed that all the vegetative, yield and quality traits viz., plant height (74.44 cm), pseudostem girth (18.66 cm), canopy spread (E-W-58.24 cm), (N-S-48.96cm), corm yield (58.66 t/ha) and oxalic acid (102.40 mg / 100g) were found maximum with the treatment combination of recommended package of practices for conventional system FYM – 10 t/ha + 80:60:100 kg NPK/ha and using chemical pesticides. However, among the organic treatments, the highest plant height (72.56 cm), pseudostem girth (18.10 cm), canopy spread (E-W-56.40 cm), (N-S-48.00 cm), corm yield (57.84 t/ha) and oxalic acid (93.00mg/100g) were observed in the treatment combination of FYM (10t/ha) + Azospirillum (5kg/ha) + Phosphobacteria (5kg/ha) + Ash (5t/ ha).
Identification of downstream target genes and analysis of obesity-related variants of the bHLH/PAS transcription factor single-minded 1.

ix DECLARATION . xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. The bHLH/PAS family of transcription factors. 1 1.2. The PAS domain . 2 1.3. Drosophila single-minded (sim) . 5 1.3. 1. sim expression and function . 5 1.3. 2. Control of sim expression and activity . 6 1.4. The mammalian Sim genes: Sim1 and Sim2 . 7 1.4.1. Sim1 and Sim2 expression patterns . 7 1.4.1.1. Sim1 . 7 1.4.1.2. Sim2 . 8 1.4.2. Control of Sim1 and Sim2 expression and activity . 13 1.4.2.1. Sim1 . 13 1.4.2.2. Sim2 . 14 1.4. 3. Biochemical properties of SIM1 and SIM2 . 14 1.4. 4. Sim1 and Sim2 gene knockout/transgenic mouse studies . 15 1.4. 4.1. Sim1 . 15 1.4. 4.1.1. Germline Sim1 mice . 15 1.4. 4.1.2. Germline Sim1 mice . 17 1.4. 4.1.3. Conditional Sim1 and Sim1 mice . 18 1.4. 4.1.4. SIM1 overexpressing mice . 19 1.4. 4.2. Sim2 . 20 1.4. 4.2.1. Sim2 and Sim2 mice . 20 1.4. 4.2.2. Sim2 overexpressing mice . 21 1.5. The mammalian general partner factors ARNT and ARNT2 . 21 1.5. 1. Arnt and Arnt2 expression patterns . 22 1.5. 1.1. Arnt . 22 1.5. 1.2. Arnt2 . 23 1.5. 2. Biochemical properties of ARNT and ARNT2 . 23
Falling apart? Insights and lessons from three recent studies documenting rapid and severe decline in terrestrial mammal assemblages of northern, south-eastern and south-western Australia

Abstract Context. Since European settlement in 1788, much of the Australian terrestrial mammal fauna has declined or become extinct. The pattern of, and reason for, that decline was little documented, and is now difficult to decipher. Many mammal species are still declining, providing (an unfortunate) opportunity to better document the process, identify the causal factors and attempt to redress the problem. Aim. We compare trends in mammal abundance reported in three recent longitudinal studies in conservation reserves in Australia. The studies were not established with the intention of documenting mammal decline, but marked simultaneous decline of co-existing species was the most striking feature of their results. Methods. Long-term monitoring in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory (2001–04 and 2007–09), the Upper Warren region of Western Australia (since 1974) and the Great Otway National Park, Victoria (since 1975) principally relied on trapping, but also some spotlighting and sand plots, to document changes and trends in abundance in their respective mammal assemblages. Key results. Decline was reported in most mammal species, across taxonomic groups, diets and size classes, but mostly involved species <5500 g. The studies differed in their monitoring protocols and varied in the degree to which potential causal factors were monitored, thereby constraining interpretation of the drivers of declines. Inappropriate fire regimes and predation by feral cats are likely contributing factors in at least two study areas, and periods of markedly below-average rainfall are implicated in two areas. Conclusions. We conclude the following: (1) conservation reserves in Australia may be failing to maintain at least some elements of the biodiversity that they were established to protect, and substantially enhanced management is required to redress this problem; (2) with current threats, mammal assemblages in Australia may be highly unstable; (3) substantial increase in effective long-term biodiversity monitoring programs in an adaptive management framework is needed; and (4) such monitoring programs will be more insightful if they also monitor factors driving population change. Implications. Native mammal species declines and community disassembly may be occurring elsewhere. Long-term monitoring is critical for assessing trends in biodiversity and if done well, it can guide more effective and efficient management to deliver better conservation outcomes.
Land‐use legacies in forests at Jefferson's Monticello plantation

Co-ordinating Editor: Sara Cousins Abstract Questions: We evaluate the role of past land use on longterm forest succession and ask fundamental questions: (i) are successional patterns along a chronosequence consistent through time; (ii) is past land use or physiography a greater driver of forest composition; and (iii) does forest composition converge with age? Location: Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello plantation, Virginia Piedmont, USA. Methods: Combining dendroecology, historical documents and a repeated vegetation survey from 1934, we reconstruct forest histories along a chronosequence that retains a temporal dimension. Treering data indicate initial canopy status and canopy release events using time series analysis with intervention detection. Results: Forest extent was lowest during Jefferson’s tenure; however, tree ring and documentary evidence revealed the location of Jefferson’s timber zone. Jeffersonera trees in this zone are largely on the west slope with scattered Pinus recruitment starting in the late 18th century, followed by Quercus species. Pinus cohorts also recruited into former agricultural fields on south and east slopes in two chronosequence stages from the 20th century. Synchronized release events were observed during the early 1800s, 1850s–1860s and 1960s, indicating periods of intense forest use. Ordination of repeated vegetation surveys showed a progression in forest age that explained more variation in forest composition than elevation and slope. The forest age gradient is also evident independently from treering data, but the ordination does not show convergence in composition with forest age. Conclusion: Past land use is a greater driver of forest composition than an inferred soil moisture gradient. The composition of the most recent chronosequence stage suggests that future forest dynamics may be novel compared to the prior two centuries because of differences in land use and species availability. These landuse legacies demonstrate how colonialera agricultural decisions at Monticello continue to impact forest growth and composition more than two centuries later.
Variables associated to anti-HIV, anti-rubella antibodies, syphilis reagins and enteroparasitosis in pregnant women

The aim of this paper is to determine the prevalence of anti-HIV, anti-rubella antibodies, syphilis reagins and enteroparasitosis in pregnant women during their pre-natal monitoring at the Basic Health Units in the city of Umuarama (PR) and checking possible social-economic and behavioral associations. A cross-section study was performed in 690 pregnant women who went to have pre-natal checkup in the period from June 2012 to April 2014. From the 690 pregnant women analyzed, 78 presented enteroparasites, and from these, 69 were monoparasited and nine were polyparasited, nine presented antibodies against syphilis and two against HIV. None was reagent for IgM regarding rubella. The most prevalent parasite species was Endolimax nana 43/78 followed by Entamoeba coli 33/78 and Giardia duodenalis 05/ 78. Regarding the variables analyzed, the ones associated to enteroparasitary infections were water treated from public suppliers, fundamental level of schooling, sewage destination and public collection of garbage. For syphilis, the variables associated to infection were per capita income and age group. For HIV and rubella, no association among the variables was observed. The number of pregnant women infected in the present study was not considered high when compared to other studies.
Identification and expression analyses of two lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) dehydrin genes in response to adverse temperatures, ABA and IAA treatments

Abstract Dehydrins (DHNs) play imperative role in the stress tolerance of high plants. In this study, the YSK2-type DHN (NnDHNl) and SK3-type DHN (NnDHN2) were investigated. The putative NnDHNl and NnDNH2 shared conserved S-segment as well as K-segment, with distinct isoelectric points, kinase selectivities and number of functional motifs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that NnDHNs were grouped with YnSKn- and SKn-type of DHNs in high plants. Additionally,NnDHN1 mRNA was only expressed in leaves and embryo. NnDHN2 mRNA was found in embryo, leaves, rhizome and leafstalk.NnDHNs mRNAs were not detected in root of N. nucifera. Real-time PCR assay demonstrated that the levels of NnDHN1 and NnDHN2 mRNAs were significantly elevated during cold temperature, while both were relatively stable in response to high temperature. Moreover, NnDHN2 mRNA was significantly increased after treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), while NnDHN1 mRNA was induced by ABA treatment with little change in response to IAA. These results illustrate two NnDHNs with partially overlapping function which exhibit different stress responsiveness.
Untersuchungen zur Variabilität des Rohfettgehaltes und des Fettsäuremusters in Blauen Süßlupinen

∗ Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz, OT Groß Lüsewitz, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, 18190 Sanitz Neben den Futtererbsen und Ackerbohnen gelten Lupinen als eine wertvolle Kulturpflanze in der Landwirtschaft, auch unter dem Gesichtspunkt einer Erweiterung der Fruchtfolge und des Futtermittelspektrums durch Leguminosen. Gegenwärtig wird in Deutschland hauptsächlich die Blaue Lupine als Eiweißpflanze angebaut. Sie bekommt zunehmend Beachtung, da sie frühreif, ertragreich und gegenüber dem Befall mit der Pilzkrankheit Anthraknose weniger anfällig ist. Außer dem Rohprotein enthalten Lupinen weitere wertvolle Inhaltsstoffe, wie z. B. Fette, die zukünftig bei einem Einsatz in der Humanernährung von Bedeutung sein könnten. Im Beitrag wird die Variabilität verschiedener Sorten der Blauen Lupinen im Fettgehalt und insbesondere im Fettsäuremuster beschrieben. Im Hinblick auf eine gesunde Ernährung wird auf die Schwankungsbreite in den gesättigten, sowie einfach und mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren eingegangen.
Cystoseira scale-based biometric relationships

Abstract Scale-based biometric relationships of Cystoseira species were studied. All of the allometric relationships between size and biomass were significant (p<0.001) and volume [estimated as the product of length (L) and circumference-squared (C2)] was a better predictor of both wet biomass (WB) and dry biomass (DB) than L. The allometric exponent of the relationship between L and DB for five Cystoseira species (0.238–0.297) was found to be close to the allometric exponent suggested to be universal for primary producers (0.25). The relationship between Cystoseira spp. coverage (%; estimated in the laboratory for each species harvested within a reference quadrat in vertical projection) and WB was best expressed by a power function, while that between photographic cover (%; estimated in the field) and WB was asymptotic at 100% cover. The relationships between cover (%) (CVr) and coverage (%) (CVe) with WB pooled from an independent dataset were polynomial with comparable values up to 120 g WB. ANCOVA showed species-specific (e.g. between biomass and size) and species-independent (e.g. between biomass and coverage/cover, between DB and WB, and between DB and organic matter) relationships, indicating that non-destructive sampling in the genus is feasible when species and parameter are taken into account.
The Hypothetical Ground Plan of the Zygaenidae, with a Review of the Possible Autapomorphies of the Procridinae and the Description of the Inouelinae Subfam. nov.

ABSTRACT. The hypothetical ground plan of the lepidopterous family Zygaenidae is reconstructed based on a review of the apomorphic characters of the Zygaenoidea. Five subfamilies are recognised and their characters discussed in detail: Inouelinae new subfamily, Procridinae, Chalcosiinae, Callizygaeninae and Zygaeninae. A review of the possible autapomorphies of Procridinae is provided. The autapomorphic structure in the receptaculum seminis in the spermatheca of the Procridinae females is newly described as bursa utricularis.
Effects of Acidified Yeast and Whey Powder on Performance, Organ Weights, Intestinal Microflora, and Gut Morphology of Male Broilers

In the present study, we investigated the effects of acidified dried whey and acidified yeast product and their combination on broiler growth characteristics, intestinal microflora and gut morphology. Seven hundred and fifty day-old Ross 308 male broilers were fed one of 10 dietary treatments with 5 replicates in a randomized design. A cornsoybean meal based diet (control group) was supplemented with 3 levels (0.15, 0.30 and 0.45%) of acidified whey powder (AW), acidified yeast product (AY), and acidified whey powder and yeast product (AWY). Acidified yeast product improved ADG and FCR at d 42, but the effects of additives on productive performance were not significant across the entire rearing period. The highest level of AY increased the population of Lactobacillus spp. , decreased that of E. coli and did not affect the bacterial total count at d 42. Birds fed 0.45% AY showed higher villus height and better gut morphology compared to control birds. In conclusion, acidified yeast product increased the population of Lactobacillus, inhibited the growth of E. coli and improved gut morphology and structure, but did not affect growth performance and relative organ weight.
The Molecular Basis of Antagonism at Cardiovascular P2X1 and P2X4 Receptors

Louise K Farmer, Richard J Evans. The molecular basis of antagonist binding at the P2X1 receptor. Poster presentation at UK Purines 2011, Cardiff, UK purines 2012, Norwich and Purines 2012 Fukuoka, Japan. Louise K Farmer, Richard J Evans. The molecular basis of antagonist binding at cardiovascular P2X receptors. Poster presentation at IUPS 2013, Birmingham, BHF Fellows Meeting 2013, Cambridge and UK Purines 2013 Cambridge.
Composição morfológica da pastagem de capim-elefante em relação à altura de resíduo pós-pastejo e classes de perfilhos

This work was done during the period of October of 2002 to April of 2003 at Coronel Pacheco, MG, to evaluate the effects of two stubble heights (50 and 100 cm) post grazing and the tiller class (basal and aerial) on herbage mass and her morphological composition of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) cv. Napier pastures managed under grazing. A complete randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement and four replications per treatment was used. The herbage mass and their percentages of dead material, green leaves, decapitated stem, beyond leaf: stem ration of basal and aerial tillers were evaluated. Higher herbage mass were observed for 100 cm than 50 cm stubbles and for basal than aerial tillers. The pastures managed with 50 cm post grazing stubble height showed higher percentages of leaves, smaller of stem and higher leave: steam ration than that with 100 cm. The basal tillers showed higher percentages of decapitated stems and, the aerial tillers, higher leaf: stem ration during experimental period, beyond higher green leaves proportions than basal tillers during the summer season.
The new Hispaniolan genus Tainus (Rubiaceae) constitutes an isolated lineage in the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot

Abstract: The Caribbean islands are a well-known biodiversity hotspot of global importance. Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti) is a highly diverse island with 42% of its species endemic. Here we describe the new monotypic genus Tainus (Rubiaceae, Rondeletieae), which is endemic to the Sierra de Bahoruco-La Selle. This taxon was originally published as Rondeletia pitreana, but its taxonomic status has been doubtful. We performed phylogenetic analyses with three chloroplast regions (petD, trnK-matK and trnL-F) in order to test the relationships of R. pitreana to other species of Rondeletia and allied genera. Our molecular phylogeny underscores that R. pitreana does not belong to Rondeletia, but has an isolated position within Rondeletieae, whereas Acrosynanthus is sister to an assemblage of Mazaea, Phyllomelia, Rachicallis, Roigella and Rondeletia. The recognition of the genus Tainus is supported by molecular (simple sequence repeats) and morphological characters, among which the most conspicuous is the densely papillate ornamentation of the corolla mouth and lobes. Our findings reveal another case of endemism at a deeper phylogenetic level in flowering plants on Hispaniola. Furthermore, they emphasize the importance of exploring, collecting and performing phylogenetic analyses integrating samples from larger geographical areas across countries as a basis to support nature conservation.