Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study: Financial Literacy and Financial Efficacy of Interest in Investing

This research was conducted to determine students' level of literacy and financial efficacy on their interest in investing in the capital market using a quantitative method with experimental research. The treatment in this study is the socialization of the capital market with material related to an overview of investment in the Indonesian capital market, explanation of stocks and stock trading mechanisms, explanation of investor identity cards, and explanation of opening a stock account. This research was conducted at universities in Ternate City that already have the Indonesia Stock Exchange Gallery with a sample of students who have passed intermediate financial accounting courses and have learned basic investment knowledge. The contribution of this research is to provide capital market socialization to students so that they have an interest in investing in the capital market by knowing the basics of financial literacy and efficacy. This research design is quantitative research conducted on students in North Maluku with a total sample of 150 respondents. The data were obtained through experimental tests through research questionnaires, separating the control class from the experimental class and providing the capital market socialization treatment to the experimental class. The data analysis method used is the independent sample t-test, with the Mann Whitney test. The results showed that 1). There is no significant difference in the mean score of student financial literacy in the control and experimental classes; 2). There is a significant difference in the average value of Student Financial Efficacy in the control and experimental classes; 3). There is a significant difference in the average value of student interest in investing in the capital market in the control and experimental classes.
Pathways of radicalization: contrasting the Boston Marathon Bombers and Mohamad Merah

ABSTRACT This paper will evaluate two acts of terrorism: the Toulouse and Montauban Terror Attack of 2012 and the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombing. While a great deal of discussion has centered on these isolated attacks, limited research has bridged a comparison of these events and the pathways of radicalization. This study will integrate three criminological theories to explain why these atrocities were committed. First, using Social Learning Theory, the study will show that Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, known as the Boston Marathon Bombers, as well as Mohamed Merah, the individual responsible for the Toulouse and Montauban Terror Attacks, learned terror-related techniques from social and non-social sources. Second, Strain Theory will be incorporated into the discussion. Here, the blockage of goals, the removal of positive stimuli, the presentation of negative stimuli, and the inability to cope to these changes played an important role in the radicalization process of these individuals as well. Finally, Social Bond Theory will be utilized to illustrate that Mohamed Merah and the Tsarnaev Brothers had weak social bonds to their family, self, and community. This contributed to their radicalization and their motive to inflict harm.
Towards a Unified Consideration of Memory and Imagination as Cognitive Constructs

While memory and imagination exist as rhetorically distinct cognitive phenomena, ongoing bodies of research increasingly converge around a unified architecture that provides a common basis for memory and imagination. Specifically, recent research leveraging photon microscopy and optogenetics have demonstrated the sufficiency of neural circuits—or ensembles—for the construction of perceptual states. When merged with the robust bodies of work investigating the engram circuit as the brain’s mnemonic store, and cortico-temporal networks as the mechanism for reactivating and reinstating stored representations, the result is a unified conceptual understanding of how neural imagery and simulations are constructed. This constitutes an updating and integration of previous theories concerning the indexing, recall, and reinstatement of stored representations, and their remixing and recombination as imagined simulations. The present goal is to review the respective literature and proffer the base theoretical framework upon which cognitive imagery is built.
Pandemic outbreaks and food supply chains in developing countries: A case of COVID-19 in Zimbabwe

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic took a devastating human and economic toll on the entire globe. Although Africa had fewer number of cases compared to all other continents, the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on food supply chains was devastating, yet the pathways through which it affected the continent remain poorly documented and understood. With this background in mind, this study explored the ways in which food supply chains were disrupted by COVID-19 in Zimbabwe. The study used a qualitative methodology and a descriptive survey with 32 participants from food supply chain networks. The results reveal that due to COVID-19 restrictions, food supply chains were disrupted right from the production stage, transportation stage up to access markets. More specifically, COVID-19 restrictions negatively affected production and supply of food items. Secondly, transportation of food supplies was adversely affected as haulage companies as well as local suppliers and importers had challenges getting lockdown exemption letters. Thirdly, COVID-19 restrictions increased the demand for food stuffs as consumers stockpiled to ensure their food security. Lastly, COVID-19 pandemic increased food prices as consumer expenditure on food items increased. This study contributes to the body of knowledge since, to the best knowledge of the authors, it is the first study to identify and address the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on food supply chains in Zimbabwe. This study is also significant to policy makers and practitioners in the optimization of food supply chains in possible subsequent waves and future pandemics.
Metformin Alleviates Autistic-Like Behaviors Elicited by High-Fat Diet Consumption and Modulates the Crosstalk Between Serotonin and Gut Microbiota in Mice

The biological mechanisms linking diet-related obesity and autistic behaviors remain unclear. Metformin has proven to be beneficial in the treatment of many syndromes, including autism spectrum disorder. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether metformin treatment could ameliorate metabolic and behavioral alterations in C57BL/6 mice kept on a high-fat diet (HFD), and whether these changes were related to modifications in the gut microbiota and 5-HT levels. As expected, ten weeks of HFD ingestion increased body weight, adiposity, and glucose levels. HFD-fed mice showed a marked aggravation of repetitive behaviors (marble burying and self-grooming), and this was prevented by metformin administration. In addition, HFD-fed mice increased the total distance travelled in the open field test. This hyperactivity was counteracted by metformin cotreatment. In the elevated plus maze test, HFD-fed mice showed a reduced number of entries into the open arms. Interestingly, both HFD and metformin cotreatment increased social interactions in the three-chamber test. HFD increased the levels of intestinal tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Metformin stimulated gut tryptophan and promoted the synthesis of 5-HT in the HFD group. Lactococcus, Trichococcus, Romboutsia, and Faecalibaculum were enriched in HFD-fed mice, whereas the HFD group cotreated with metformin was enriched in Intestinimonas and L. reuteri. Faecalibacterium was positively correlated with sociability and 5-HT pathway components in mice that received metformin. In summary, HFD consumption elicited a complex phenotype comprising higher levels of anxiety-like and repetitive behaviors but also increased sociability. Metformin could potentially improve HFD-induced disorders in the autistic spectrum through a mechanism involving positive modulation of 5-HT levels in the gut and its microbiota composition.
Current Status of the Spectrum and Therapeutics of Helicobacter pylori-Negative Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma

Simple Summary The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP)-negative gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has increased over the last two decades, whereas that of HP-positive gastric MALT lymphoma has decreased. Although the role of first-line antibiotics in the treatment of HP-negative gastric MALT lymphomas remains ambiguous, several case series have reported that a first-line HP eradication therapy (HPE)-like regimen could result in complete remission in a proportion of patients with localized HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma. Previous sporadic reports have indicated that certain patients with extragastric MALT lymphoma can respond to first-line antibiotic treatment as well. These findings suggest that, in contrast to antibiotic-unresponsive tumors, antibiotic-responsive tumors may be recognized within the spectrum of HP-negative MALT lymphoma. In addition to conventional chemotherapy and immunochemotherapy, macrolide antibiotics and immunomodulatory drugs have been previously used and demonstrated to be efficacious. This article provides the spectrum and therapeutics for HP-negative MALT lymphoma. Abstract Helicobacter pylori (HP)-unrelated mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma includes the majority of extragastric MALT lymphomas and a small proportion of gastric MALT lymphomas. Although the role of first-line antibiotics in treating HP-negative gastric MALT lymphomas remains controversial, HP eradication therapy (HPE)-like regimens may result in approximately 20–30% complete remission (CR) for patients with localized HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma. In these patients, H. heilmannii, H. bizzozeronii, and H. suis were detected in sporadic gastric biopsy specimens. Extragastric MALT lymphoma is conventionally treated with radiotherapy for localized disease and systemic chemotherapy for advanced and metastatic diseases. However, a proportion of extragastric MALT lymphomas, such as ocular adnexal lesions and small intestinal lesions, were reported to be controlled by antibiotics for Chlamydophila psittaci and Campylobacter jejuni, respectively. Some extragastric MALT lymphomas may even respond to first-line HPE. These findings suggest that some antibiotic-responsive tumors may exist in the family of HP-negative MALT lymphomas. Two mechanisms underlying the antibiotic responsiveness of HP-negative MALT lymphoma have been proposed. First, an HPE-like regimen may eradicate the antigens of unknown bacteria. Second, clarithromycin (the main component of HPE) may have direct or indirect antineoplastic effects, thus contributing to the CR of these tumors. For antibiotic-unresponsive HP-negative MALT lymphoma, high-dose macrolides and immunomodulatory drugs, such as thalidomide and lenalidomide, have reported sporadic success. Further investigation of new treatment regimens is warranted.
Determinants of firm value: evidence from listed insurance companies in Indonesia

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Return on Asset (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Current Ratio (CR) on firm value in insurance companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2019. The population in this research was 12 companies in various Insurance listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The analytical method used three regression estimations (pooled OLS, fixed effects model (FEM), and random effects model (REM)). The results indicated that the Return on Asset, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Current Ratio had a significant negative effect on firm value. Our key finding from this research showed that when the profit was higher, the companies prefer to hold their earnings and use for an investment to generate growth opportunities. This phenomenon had explained when companies had higher yields, the firm's value went down. Therefore, this research is following the Pecking Order Theory. Further interaction analysis between DER and CR on firm value uncovers that both DER and CR also negatively affect firm value.
Exploring the Link between Foreign Language Anxiety and Attitudes towards English among Turkish High School EFL Learners

The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between foreign language anxiety (FLA) and attitudes towards English. A total 518 Turkish students studying at private and state high schools participated in the study. Quantitative research design was adopted in the present study. Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and Attitudes towards English Scale were used as data collection tools. In order to analyze data, SPSS 23 software was used, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and correlation statistics were utilized. According to data analysis results, the study revealed that students’ FLA levels were at moderate level and they had negative attitudes towards English. The results of data analysis also indicated that there was a negative strong relationship between students’ FLA levels and their attitudes towards English. Although gender had a significant impact on students’ anxiety levels, grade levels of students were not seen as a factor strongly related to FLA. It was also found that ninth and tenth graders had more positive attitudes towards English classes. However, gender was not a predictive factor for students’ attitudes towards English. These results suggest that positive attitudes help students to overcome FLA. That is why, fostering positive and enjoyable language learning environment is significant to increase success in English.
Profile of Serum Zinc Levels in Pediatric Sepsis Patients at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Sanglah Hospital Denpasar-Bali

Introduction: Low serum zinc levels are associated with immune dysfunction, morbidity and mortality due to sepsis. Decreased serum zinc levels are associated with disease’s severity and mortality. Low serum zinc levels often undetected and are not considered during treatment in the pediatric intensive care unit. In Indonesia there has been no research on serum zinc levels in pediatric sepsis patients. Purpose: To know the prevalence and characteristics of serum zinc levels in pediatric sepsis patients at the pediatic intensive care unit (PICU) of the Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in 2019. Methods: This research was a prospective descriptive study, which used PELOD-2 score for diagnosing sepsis in pediatric patient and determination of serum zinc levels through venous blood tests at the pediatric intensive care unit Sanglah Hospital which was collected using the consecutive sampling method with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Total of 56 children diagnosed with sepsis were included in this study. Infant age group is the largest age group suffering from sepsis, accounted for 44.6%. The mean zinc content was 62.0 + 28.97 with a low zinc level of 69.7% and the death was 25%. Higher PELOD-2 score means lower zinc levels, with the comparison of PELOD-2 scores > 7 and > 11 are 16.1% and 53.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Low serum zinc levels were found in septic patients and correlates with organ failure.
A Case Study in Bootstrapping Ontology Graphs from Textbooks

Ontology graphs are graphs in which the nodes are generic classes and edges have labels that specify the relationships between the classes. In this paper, we address the question: to what extent can automated extraction and crowd sourcing techniques be combined to bootstrap the creation of comprehensive and accurate ontology graphs? By adapting the state-of-the-art language model BERT to this task, and by leveraging a novel crowd sourced relationship selection task, we show that we can use this approach to bootstrap the ontology graph creation for further reﬁnement and improvement through human eﬀort
Fracture Analysis of Compacted Clay Soil Beams with Offset Notches Based on Three-Point Bending Test: Experimental Characterization and Numerical Simulation

,e design and performance of tillage components such as subsoiler are generally characterized by the fracture features of soil mass in agricultural engineering, thus making the improvements of those tillage tools challenging due to the fact that the soil fracture mechanisms cannot be accurately explored and implemented. To alleviate this issue, in this paper, a physical three-point bending (TPB) test is conducted for investigating the fractural and fragmental characteristics of the compacted clay beams (CCB) with offset notches under the framework of mixed-mode I + II fracture, and the crack initiation as well as its propagation of the CCB is observed and fractural mechanisms of the CCB are discussed. Meanwhile, numerical simulation is also conducted utilizing two finite element methods, i.e., the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM), for the CCB under three typical scenarios with notch offset ratios C 0, C 0.375, and C 0.625, respectively. ,e authenticity and availability of both experimental test and numerical simulation are validated correspondingly. Results indicate the following: (1) ,e average peak load, the distance between the terminal crack point and the center line of the CCB, and the average displacement will be increased with increases of the offset ratio, while initial crack angle will be decreased with increases of the offset ratio. (2),e initial crack will be extended from the bottom center of the CCB rather than the offset notch when the offset ratio is higher than 0.717. (3) ,e crack propagation and its mechanical properties (e.g., load-displacement curves) predicted by numerical simulation match well with those obtained from the physical test.
EQUITY INCENTIVES OF TARGET CEOS PRECEDING ACQUISITIONS

In this dissertation, I investigate the magnitude, determinants, and consequences of equity grants to target firm CEOs prior to acquisitions. The board can use equity grants to compensate the CEO for selling the firm and increase his incentive to negotiate a better price with the acquirer, resulting in a higher premium. An opportunistic CEO can obtain equity grants to increase his share of takeover gains, and when the costs of opportunism exceed the benefits of incentive alignment, takeover premiums will be lower. I find that unexplained grants do not increase prior to an acquisition. However, I do find that board independence is associated with larger grants in the year before the acquisition for target CEOs and smaller grants in earlier years. In general, board independence is negatively associated with equity grants in target but non non-target firms. Further, I find that abnormal equity grants predicted by governance factors are positively associated with total takeover premiums. Overall, the evidence suggests that equity grants to target CEOs prior to a takeover are consistent with incentive alignment in the takeover process. There is no evidence to suggest that target CEOs use their power to obtain excessive grants at the expense of shareholders.
THORAXJNL153767 489..495

Background Induced sputum is used to sample inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils and macrophages, from the airways of COPD patients. The author’s aim was to identify candidate genes associated with the degree of airflow obstruction and the extent of emphysema by expression profiling, and then to confirm these findings for selected candidates using PCR and
Penggunaan Formulasi Bacillus firmus E65 Berbasis Talek untuk

It has long been known that bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is major bacterial diseases which occured widespread in rice growing countries. This study was performed to determine effect of biological control using endophyte bacteria formulated in talc-based powder against Xoo in rice agroecosystem which grown under organic system of rice intensification (SRI) in Cianjur-West Java. Carriers formulation of talc-based powder was prepared to contain endophytic bacteria of Bacillus firmus (isolate E65) which was previously isolated from the rice field. BLB disease suppression was ranged 2.14% to 97.15%. Among cultivars tested, with the average BLB severity among six cultivars was 9.79%. The cv. Inpari 10 (Moderate) showed the lowest disease severity compared with that of resistance cv. Sintanur, Mekongga and Code. This suggests that the biocontrol efficacy of formulation B. firmus E65-talc-based powder was not affected by cultivar susceptibility. The antagonistic bacteria formulation yields up to 9%. The highest yields for each respective treatment treated with talc based-bacterial formulation were obtained using cv. Inpari 10 and Cisantana. The scale-up of biocontrol products that prolongs biocontrol activity may challenged with shelf life of formulation. This study showed advantages of single cultures of bacterial antagonist used in a talc-based formulation is possible to suppress BLB disease and promotes rice yield under SRI field condition.
Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Indian College Students

College students undergo transition from adolescence to adulthood and are more likely to adopt lifestyles, promoting coronary heart disease (CHD) risks. Besides being second most populous country in the world, India is home of 253 million adolescents. The present scenario of India, indicating that the young people of this country are endanger of CHD-related disease risks. The existing risk factors among youth, strongly predict the long-term CHD risk in future. The aim of the present review is to demonstrate all the scientific evidence conducted among college student of India to behold the profundity of CHD exposure among youth. This review highlights the need for improved interventional strategies for better risk assessment and increased awareness among young Indian. Different cross sectional studies provide the evidence of the persistence of CHD risk factors in this college going students. But mostly they are modifiable risk factors for diabetes, hypertension and CHD, and widely prevalent among student’s community of India. Eighty percent of these CHD risks can be modifiable. Thus community based approach will be beneficial in this diverse country to prevent CHD. Increased screening should take pivotal part in concurrence with education to successfully identify and manage CHD risk.
Benchmarking SMT Solvers on Automotive Code

Using embedded systems in safety-critical environments requires a rigorous testing of the components these systems are composed of. For example, the software running on such a system has to be evaluated regarding its code coverage – in particular, unreachable code fragments have to be avoided according to the ISO 26262 standard. Software model checking allows to detect such dead code automatically. While the recent case study [1] compares several academic software model checkers with the commercial test and veri ﬁ cation tool BTC Embedded Platform R � (BTC EP), we want to focus on a lower level – i.e. the back-end solvers within BTC EP. Therefore, we evaluate the performance of off-the-shelf SMT solvers supporting the theory of ﬂ oating-point as well as the theory of bitvectors on ﬂ oating-point dominated benchmark instances originating from the automotive domain. Furthermore, we compare these off-the-shelf SMT solvers with the back-end solvers used by BTC EP.