Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversing the Curse of Densification in mmWave Networks Through Spatial Multiplexing

The gold standard of a wireless network is that the throughput increases linearly with the density of access points (APs). However, such a linear throughput gain is suspended in the 5G mmWave network mainly due to the short communication distances in mmWave bands and the dense deployments of mmWave APs. As being operated in the interference-limited regime, the aggregate interference resulted from the increasing mmWave APs will gradually become the network performance bottleneck, which leads to the saturation of the throughput. In this paper, we propose to overcome the densification plateau of a mmWave network by employing spatial multiplexing at APs. To study the effect of spatial multiplexing on mmWave networks, we first derive the coverage probability as a function of spatial multiplexing gain. The fixed-rate coding scheme is then used to provide the network throughput. We also introduce the concept of densification gain to capture the improvement in network throughput achieved through the AP densification. Our results indicate that without the spatial multiplexing at APs, the throughput of mmWave networks will reach the plateau when the density of APs becomes sufficiently large. By enabling the spatial multiplexing at APs, however, the mmWave network can continuously harvest the throughput gains as the number of APs grows. By deriving the upper bound for the throughput of mmWave networks, we quantify the potential throughput improvement as the spatial multiplexing gain increases. However, our numerical results show that such a potential throughput gain cannot be explored by the fixed-rate coding scheme. We then demonstrate the necessity for deploying the multi-rate coding scheme in mmWave networks, especially when the spatial multiplexing gain at mmWave APs is large.
Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning with Diff Pruning

The large size of pretrained networks makes them difficult to deploy for multiple tasks in storage-constrained settings. Diff pruning enables parameter-efficient transfer learning that scales well with new tasks. The approach learns a task-specific “diff” vector that extends the original pretrained parameters. This diff vector is adaptively pruned during training with a differentiable approximation to the L0-norm penalty to encourage sparsity. As the number of tasks increases, diff pruning remains parameter-efficient, as it requires storing only a small diff vector for each task. Since it does not require access to all tasks during training, it is attractive in on-device deployment settings where tasks arrive in stream or even from different providers. Diff pruning can match the performance of finetuned baselines on the GLUE benchmark while only modifying 0.5% of the pretrained model’s parameters per task and scales favorably in comparison to popular pruning approaches.
Association of Autoimmunity and Parvovirus B19 Infection among Spontaneous Miscarriage Women in Erbil / Iraq

The study was conducted from January 2016 to January 2017 at Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city/ Iraq. One hundred and forty women who experienced spontaneous abortions were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and forty normal pregnant women as a control group. Serum from patients and control group subjected for assessment of anticardiolipin IgM, antiphospholipid IgM, Parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM using enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay technique. Prevalence of positive Parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM, anticardiolipin IgM and antiphospholipid IgM, in aborted women was higher than that observed in non-aborted women (control group). Women with the highest frequency of spontaneous abortion found at age group 27–34 year. More frequent of previous spontaneous abortion was 1-2 abortion at the 1 st trimester of gestational period. Anticardiolipin antibody and antiphospholipid antibody production trigged by viral infection, and have role in spontaneous abortion in pregnant women.
Poncirin suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial inflammation and ameliorates brain ischemic injury in experimental stroke in mice

Background Based on accumulating evidence, excessive activation of microglia-mediated inflammatory responses plays an essential role in ischemic stroke. Poncirin (Pon) exerts anti-hyperalgesic, anti-osteoporotic and anti-tumor effects on various diseases. However, the roles of Pon in microglial activation and the underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. This study aimed to explore whether Pon inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial neuroinflammation and protects against brain ischemic injury in experimental stroke in mice. Methods Primary microglia cells were prepared from the cerebral cortices of 1- to 2-day-old C57BL/6J mice. Murine BV2 cells and primary microglia were stimulated with LPS and the effects of a non-cytotoxic concentration of Pon on LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory factors were measured using real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Western blot analyses were used for mechanistic studies. In an in vivo study, 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Pon (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or the same volume of saline was administered after the MCAO model was established, and the infarct volume was evaluated using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. We also evaluated animal behaviours, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation in the ischemic hemisphere. Results Pon prevented the release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in both BV2 cells and primary microglia stimulated with LPS. The inhibitory effects of Pon were associated with the regulation of the ERK1/2, JNK and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In mice that underwent MCAO, Pon administration decreased the lesion size and improved neurological deficits. Furthermore, Pon attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines mainly by restraining microglial activation after ischemic stroke. Conclusions Based on the findings from the present study, Pon provides neuroprotection through its anti-inflammatory effects on microglia and it may be a useful treatment for ischemic stroke.
Cross-Linked Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes Reinforced with Cellulose Whiskers

In a previous work [Macromolecules 2004, 37,1386], a new way of processing cellulose whisker reinforced nanocomposites from an organic solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide) without a surfactant addition or a chemical surface modification was investigated. This technique is used to prepare nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on a cross-linked polyether and lithium imide (LiTFSI) reinforced with tunicin whiskers. Both the mechanical and ionic conductive properties of the resulting electrolytes are presented. These performances are compared to those obtained for unfilled cross-linked polyether matrices exhibiting several cross-linking densities. It is observed that the ionic conduction of cellulose whisker filled electrolytes is higher than the one of highly cross-linked polyether networks. In addition, the mechanical stiffness of the former is much higher than that of the latter, allowing the processing of high-performance nanocomposite polymer electrolytes.
Trimeric bis(cyclopentadienyl)oxozirconium(IV) benzene solvate

The title compound, cyclo-tri-μ-oxo-tris[bis(η 5 -cyclopentadienyl)zirconium] benzene solvate, obtained from the reaction of zirconocene hydride with CO 2 , is shown to contain planar Zr 3 O 3 cycles with comparatively short Zr-O distances [1.959 (5)-1.976 (5) A] as a result of partial double bonding
Approximate Laplace approximations for scalable model selection

We propose the approximate Laplace approximation (ALA) to evaluate integrated likelihoods, a bottleneck in Bayesian model selection. The Laplace approximation (LA) is a popular tool that speeds up such computation and equips strong model selection properties. However, when the sample size is large or one considers many models the cost of the required optimizations becomes impractical. ALA reduces the cost to that of solving a least‐squares problem for each model. Further, it enables efficient computation across models such as sharing pre‐computed sufficient statistics and certain operations in matrix decompositions. We prove that in generalized (possibly non‐linear) models ALA achieves a strong form of model selection consistency for a suitably‐defined optimal model, at the same functional rates as exact computation. We consider fixed‐ and high‐dimensional problems, group and hierarchical constraints, and the possibility that all models are misspecified. We also obtain ALA rates for Gaussian regression under non‐local priors, an important example where the LA can be costly and does not consistently estimate the integrated likelihood. Our examples include non‐linear regression, logistic, Poisson and survival models. We implement the methodology in the R package mombf.
Hii regions and high-mass starless clump candidates. II. Fragmentation and induced star formation at ~0:025 pc scale: An ALMA continuum study

The ionization feedback from HII regions modifies the properties of high-mass starless clumps (HMSCs, of several hundred to a few thousand solar masses with a size of ~0.1-1 pc), such as temperature and turbulence, on the clump scale. The question of whether the presence of HII regions modifies the core-scale fragmentation and star formation in HMSCs remains to be explored. We aim to investigate the difference of 0.025 pc-scale fragmentation between candidate HMSCs that are strongly impacted by HII regions and less disturbed ones. We also search for evidence of mass shaping and induced star formation in the impacted HMSCs. Using the ALMA 1.3 mm continuum with a resolution of ~1.3", we imaged eight candidate HMSCs, including four impacted by HII regions and another four situated in the quiet environment. The less-impacted HMSCs are selected on the basis of their similar mass and distance compared to the impacted ones to avoid any possible bias linked to these parameters. A total of 51 cores were detected in eight clumps, with three to nine cores for each clump. Within our limited sample, we did not find a clear difference in the ~0.025 pc-scale fragmentation between impacted and non-impacted HMSCs, even though HII regions seem to affect the spatial distribution of the fragmented cores. Both types of HMSCs present a thermal fragmentation with two-level hierarchical features at the clump thermal Jeans length ${\lambda_{J, clump}^{th}}$ and 0.3${\lambda_{J, clump}^{th}}$. The ALMA emission morphology of the impacted HMSCs AGAL010.214-00.306 and AGAL018.931-00.029 sheds light on the capacities of HII regions to shape gas and dust in their surroundings and possibly to trigger star formation at ~0.025 pc-scale in HMSCs. Future ALMA surveys covering a large number of impacted HMSCs with high turbulence are needed to confirm the trend of fragmentation indicated in this study.
Algorithmic Pulsar Timing

Pulsar timing is a process of iteratively fitting pulse arrival times to constrain the spindown, astrometric, and possibly binary parameters of a pulsar, by enforcing integer numbers of pulsar rotations between the arrival times. Phase connection is the process of unambiguously determining those rotation numbers between the times of arrival while determining a pulsar timing solution. Pulsar timing currently requires a manual process of step-by-step phase connection performed by individuals. In an effort to quantify and streamline this process, we created the Algorithmic Pulsar Timer (APT), an algorithm that can accurately phase connect and time isolate pulsars. Using the statistical F-test and knowledge of parameter uncertainties and covariances, the algorithm decides what new data to include in a fit, when to add additional timing parameters, and which model to attempt in subsequent iterations. Using these tools, the algorithm can phase-connect timing data that previously required substantial manual effort. We tested the algorithm on 100 simulated systems, with a 99% success rate. APT combines statistical tests and techniques with a logical decision-making process, very similar to the manual one used by pulsar astronomers for decades, and some computational brute force, to automate the often tricky process of isolated pulsar phase connection, setting the foundation for automated fitting of binary pulsar systems.
Molecular field treatment of nematic liquid crystals

The Maier-Saupe theory of the nematic mesophase is extended to rod-like molecules interacting with a perfectly general anisotropic potential. The resulting series expansion for the pseudo-potential accounts quantitatively for the observed temperature dependence of the orientational order, even when the expansion is restricted to just the first two terms. However, the agreement can only be obtained if the expansion coefficients are assumed to depend on the inverse fourth power of the molar volume. The orientational molar enthalpy of transition calculated with the parameters determined by fitting the orientational order is qualitatively correct, although rather too large. The theory is also modified to allow for deviations from a spherically symmetric distribution of the inter-molecular vector in the mesophase. A comparison of this new expression for the pseudo-potential with that derived by Chandrasekhar and Madhusudana reveals that certain of their assumptions are invalid. Finally, calculations made with the new pseudo-potential indicate that a modification of the Maier-Saupe theory based solely on deviations from a spherically symmetric distribution cannot yield quantitative agreement with theory.
Hardening Process and Surface Structure of Lacquer Films Studied byX‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

The changes of the composition ratios and chemical binding states of the component elements in the surfaces of four varieties of lacquer films during the hardening process were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additionally, the relationship between the surface structure and hardening process of lacquer films was studied by the pencil hardness testing method. The relative oxygen contents and the existence ratios among the COO, C=O, C-O-C, C-OH, C-N and N=O functional groups in the surfaces of the lacquer films increased significantly with the progress of hardening. In addition, it was revealed that a lacquer film with a faster hardening rate showed a higher relative oxygen content and a larger existence ratio among these functional groups in the surface. The increases support the progress of the following three phenomena in the surface of lacquer film during the hardening process, i.e. the concentration of gummy substances and nitrogen-containing compounds, laccase-catalysed oxidative polymerization and autoxidative polymerization.
CrypTag: Thwarting Physical and Logical Memory Vulnerabilities using Cryptographically Colored Memory

Memory vulnerabilities are a major threat to many computing systems. To effectively thwart spatial and temporal memory vulnerabilities, full logical memory safety is required. However, current mitigation techniques for memory safety are either too expensive or trade security against efficiency. One promising attempt to detect memory safety vulnerabilities in hardware is memory coloring, a security policy deployed on top of tagged memory architectures. However, due to the memory storage and bandwidth overhead of large tags, commodity tagged memory architectures usually only provide small tag sizes, thus limiting their use for security applications. Irrespective of logical memory safety, physical memory safety is a necessity in hostile environments prevalent for modern cloud computing and IoT devices. Architectures from Intel and AMD already implement transparent memory encryption to maintain confidentiality and integrity of all off-chip data. Surprisingly, the combination of both, logical and physical memory safety, has not yet been extensively studied in previous research, and a naive combination of both security strategies would accumulate both overheads. In this paper, we propose CrypTag, an efficient hardware/software co-design mitigating a large class of logical memory safety issues and providing full physical memory safety. At its core, CrypTag utilizes a transparent memory encryption engine not only for physical memory safety, but also for memory coloring at hardly any additional costs. The design avoids any overhead for tag storage by embedding memory colors in the upper bits of a pointer and using these bits as an additional input for the memory encryption. A custom compiler extension automatically leverages CrypTag to detect logical memory safety issues for commodity programs and is fully backward compatible. For evaluating the design, we extended a RISC-V processor with memory encryption with CrypTag. Furthermore, we developed a LLVM-based toolchain automatically protecting all dynamic, local, and global data. Our evaluation shows a hardware overhead of less than 1% and an average runtime overhead between 1.5% and 6.1% for thwarting logical memory safety vulnerabilities on a system already featuring memory encryption. Enhancing a system with memory encryption typically induces a runtime overhead between 5% and 109.8% for commercial and open-source encryption units.
A Current–Voltage Model for Double Schottky Barrier Devices

Schottky barriers (SBs) are often formed at the semiconductor/metal contacts and affect the electrical behavior of semiconductor devices. In particular, SBs are playing a major role in the investigation of the electrical properties of mono and 2D nanostructured materials, although their impact on the current–voltage characteristics is frequently neglected or misunderstood. In this work, a single equation is proposed to describe the current–voltage characteristics of two‐terminal semiconductor devices with Schottky contacts. The equation is applied to numerically simulate the electrical behavior for both ideal and nonideal SBs. The proposed model can be used to directly estimate the SB height and the ideality factor. It is applied to perfectly reproduce the experimental current–voltage characteristics of ultrathin molybdenum disulfide or tungsten diselenide nanosheets and tungsten disulfide nanotubes. The model constitutes a useful tool for the analysis and the extraction of relevant transport parameters in any two‐terminal device with Schottky contacts.
Track shapes, etching characteristics and track density distribution on different planes of apatite

Abstract Studies concerning track shapes, etching characteristics and track density due to spontaneous fission of uranium along various crystallographic planes of apatite are represented. The studies were carried out on large complete crystals as well as on small grains of apatite belonging to various geological origins. Three track types (hexagonal, pyramidal and needle type) have been identified along various crystallographic planes.
Factors influencing risky sexual behaviours of HIV-infected people on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Kigeme District Hospital, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION: Evidence suggests that improved quality of life that follow antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be accompanied by increased sexual activity and risky sexual behaviour. Thus, this study aimed to determine the proportion of HIV infected people on first line ART who were sexually active, the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour defined as unprotected vaginal sex and factors influencing risk sexual behaviour among HIV-infected people on first -line ART in Kigeme District Hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative survey method was conducted among 358 HIV infected people on first line ART and an adopted structured questionnaire was used for data collection. STATA version 13 was used for data analysis and binary logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with a 95% CI. RESULTS: Findings revealed that 68% of respondents were sexually active in the last 12 months of the interview and the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour among HIV infected people on the first line ART was 38%. Risky sexual behaviour was found to be significantly associated with age range of 30-40 year olds (AOR: 2.468, 95%CI: 1.007-2.046, P=0.048), having sex with HIV-positive partner ( AOR: 2.830, 95%CI: 1.351-5.928, P=0.006) and alcohol use prior to sexual activity (AOR: 2.347, 95%CI: 1.216-4.528, P=0.011). CONCLUSION: The majority of HIV infected people receiving the first-line ART are sexually active and the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour is significant hence effort should be put forth to target this group. Reinforcing behaviour change communication and discouraging alcohol use among HIV infected people receiving the first-line ART is recommended.
Fatty Acids Composition of Marine Macroalgae (Review)

Fatty acids (FA) are important nutritional substances and metabolites in living organism. Degenerative diseases related to inappropriate FAs consumption cause the two thirds cases of the population death who are living in affluent, industrialized nations. Marine algae represent a considerable part of the littoral biomass. Many algal species have long been used as human food, animal fodder and source of valuable substances. In addition, algal species are of interest from the pharmaceutical point of view. Marine algae are rich in essential fatty acids (FAs) especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as Omega-3(n-3 seri) and Omega-6 (n-6 seri),which are important in the nutrition of humans and animals. Because of high n-3 content, the n-6/n-3 ratio in macroalgae is lower than 10 which is congruent with WHO nutritional recommendations. Although each member of marine macrophytic algae has its characteristic FA pattern, but up to now, only a limited numbers of algal species have been investigated for their FAs composition. Hence, the objective of this review study is to explain briefly the FAs content and composition in some investigated marine macroalgae and also to assess the potential of some members of three phylum macroalgae, green (Chlorophyta), Brown (Phaeophyta) and red (Rhodophyta), as the sources of FAs especially PUFAs and very long chain PUFAs (VLCPUFAs) and their beneficial effects to cure and remedy some of the human diseases.