Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N-Linked Oligosaccharides on Chondroitin 6-Sulfotransferase-1 Are Required for Production of the Active Enzyme, Golgi Localization, and Sulfotransferase Activity toward Keratan Sulfate*

We have shown previously that purified chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase-1 (C6ST-1) was a glycoprotein abundant in N-linked oligosaccharides and could sulfate both chondroitin (C6ST activity) and keratan sulfate (KSST activity); however, functional roles of the N-glycans have remained unclear. In the present study, we show essential roles of N-glycans attached to C6ST-1 in the generation of the active enzyme and in its KSST activity. Treatment with tunicamycin of COS-7 cells transfected with C6ST-1 cDNA totally abolished production of the active C6ST-1. A nearly complete removal of N-glycans of the recombinant C6ST-1 by peptide N-glycosidase F increased the C6ST activity but decreased the KSST activity. Among six potential N-glycosylation sites, deletion of the fourth or sixth site from the amino terminus inhibited production of the active C6ST-1, whereas deletion of the fifth site resulted in a marked loss of the KSST activity. Wild-type recombinant C6ST-1 showed a typical Golgi localization, whereas M-4 recombinant C6ST-1, in which the fourth N-glycosylation site was deleted, colocalized with calnexin, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein. Unlike wildtype recombinant C6ST-1, M-4 recombinant C6ST-1 showed a weak affinity toward wheat germ agglutinin and was converted completely to the nonglycosylated form by endoglycosidase H. These observations suggest that N-glycan attached to the fourth N-glycosylation site may function in the proper processing of N-glycans required for the Golgi localization, thereby causing the production of the active C6ST-1, and that N-glycan attached to the fifth N-glycosylation site may contribute to the KSST activity of C6ST-1.
Investigation on UWB kite shape textile antenna with Defective Ground Structure

In this paper, a new design Kite shape textile antenna is proposed for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications. Here defective ground structure is used, which leads to the UWB performance of the antenna. This antenna has jeans material as substrate. Kite shape textile antenna is designed with three different triangle shapes. The simulated Return loss, VSWR, fractional bandwidth and radiation pattern are investigated. The proposed antenna is simulated using Ansoft HFSS software.
Cell adhesion molecules NgCAM and axonin-1 form heterodimers in the neuronal membrane and cooperate in neurite outgrowth promotion

The axonal surface glycoproteins neuronglia cell adhesion molecule (NgCAM) and axonin-1 promote cell-cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth and fasciculation, and are involved in growth cone guidance. A direct binding between NgCAM and axonin-1 has been demonstrated using isolated molecules conjugated to the surface of fluorescent microspheres. By expressing NgCAM and axonin-1 in myeloma cells and performing cell aggregation assays, we found that NgCAM and axonin-1 cannot bind when present on the surface of different cells. In contrast, the cocapping of axonin-1 upon antibody-induced capping of NgCAM on the surface of CV- 1 cells coexpressing NgCAM and axonin-1 and the selective chemical cross-linking of the two molecules in low density cultures of dorsal root ganglia neurons indicated a specific and direct binding of axonin- 1 and Ng-CAM in the plane of the same membrane. Suppression of the axonin-1 translation by antisense oligonucleotides prevented neurite outgrowth in dissociated dorsal root ganglia neurons cultured on an NgCAM substratum, indicating that neurite outgrowth on NgCAM substratum requires axonin-1. Based on these and previous results, which implicated NgCAM as the neuronal receptor involved in neurite outgrowth on NgCAM substratum, we concluded that neurite outgrowth on an NgCAM substratum depends on two essential interactions of growth cone NgCAM: a trans-interaction with substratum NgCAM and a cis-interaction with axonin-1 residing in the same growth cone membrane.
Experimental Study on Sedimentation Removal of Pervious Concrete

Abstract Pervious concrete is a unique and effective material used to tackle important environmental problems, to maintain green, sustainable growth, and to reduce storm water runoff and pollutants. Clogging of pervious concrete is an important potential issue in serviceability, considered one of the primary limitations of pervious concrete systems. The sediment deposition pattern of pervious concrete was determined using three clogging materials: clay, sand, and clayey silty sand. The clogged specimens were cleaned by pressure washing, vacuuming, and a combined method. In total, ten clogging and cleaning cycles were carried out on each sample to evaluate the draining capacity of the pervious concrete. The clogging test was assessed by measuring the infiltration rate during clogging and after cleaning, for each cycle. The experiment results showed that a reduction in permeability due to different types of sedimentation material as well as recovery in permeability was achieved after applying various cleaning methods.
Helping states slow sediment movement

Agricultural Research/December 2003 hen ARS’s National Sediment Laboratory scientists were asked by Mississippi officials to study James Creek, in the northeastern part of the state, they saw more than a chance to conduct a local field project. They envisioned adding to a developing methodology—one aimed at helping states comply with Clean Water Act sediment requirements—by joining computer-modeling capabilities with river-related geologic studies. During a 90-day analysis of the sediment-impaired creek, the scientists integrated for the first time large-scale geomorphology—the study of forms on Earth’s surface and subsurface and the processes that create them—with two prominent ARS watershed and channel models to monitor sediment movement in water bodies. The researchers work for the Oxford, Mississippi-based laboratory’s Channel Watershed and Processes Research Unit (CWPRU). Hydraulic engineer Carlos Alonso, the unit’s research leader, says the union of these tools can enable state officials nationwide to meet sediment pollutioncontrol criteria for many watersheds by helping them determine actual sediment loads and establish reference loads—all the while sustaining a competitive agricultural economy. “These detailed computer models help us determine how soil erosion and sediment loading change over time,” says Alonso. “In James Creek, we laid a foundation and set standards for how this kind of research might be done elsewhere. ” The unit is already applying the integrated method to projects in Alabama, California, Kansas, Michigan, and elsewhere in Mississippi. This focus on sediment pollution criteria is fueled by a renewed effort among states to comply with the Clean Water Act. The act calls for states to identify pollution-impaired water bodies and develop plans for meeting requirements for Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). TMDLs specify the maximum amount of a pollutant a water body can receive and still meet quality standards set for its designated use by states, territories, and tribes. Compliance is monitored by each state in concurrence with the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Having a way to compare actual and reference loads assists greatly in creating sediment TMDLs for specific watersheds.
Online Model-Based Clustering for Crisis Identification in Distributed Computing

Large-scale distributed computing systems can suffer from occasional severe violation of performance goals; due to the complexity of these systems, manual diagnosis of the cause of the crisis is too slow to inform interventions taken during the crisis. Rapid automatic recognition of the recurrence of a problem can lead to cause diagnosis and informed intervention. We frame this as an online clustering problem, where the labels (causes) of some of the previous crises may be known. We give a fast and accurate solution using model-based clustering based on a Dirichlet process mixture; the evolution of each crisis is modeled as a multivariate time series. In the periods between crises we perform full Bayesian inference for the past crises, and as a new crisis occurs we apply fast approximate Bayesian updating. These inferences allow real-time expected-cost-minimizing decision making that fully accounts for uncertainty in the crisis labels and other parameters. We apply and validate our methods using simulated data and data from a production computing center with hundreds of servers running a 24/7 email-related application.
Selecting the Most Favorable Wavelet for Compressing ECG Signals Using Compressive Sensing Approach

Compressed Sensing (CS) is a novel approach of reconstructing a sparse signal much below the significant Nyquist rate of sampling. Due to the fact that ECG signals can be well approximated by the few linear combinations of wavelet basis, this work introduces a comparison of the reconstructed ECG signal based on different wavelet families, by evaluating the performance measures as MSE (Mean Square Error), PSNR (Peak Signal To Noise Ratio), PRD (Percentage Root Mean Square Difference) and CoC (Correlation Coefficient). Reconstruction of the ECG signal is a linear optimization process which consider the sparsity in the wavelet domain, perceived by the fact that higher the sparsity, more better the recovery. L1 minimization is used as the recovery algorithm. The reconstruction results are comprehensively analyzed for five compression ratios, i.e. 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1. The results indicate that reverse biorthogonal wavelet family can give better results for all (Compression Ratio's)CRs compared to other families.
Strike-slip tectonics during rift linkage

The kinematics of rift segment linkage in magmatic rifts remain debated. Strain patterns from Afar provide tests of current models of how segmented rifts grow in areas of incipient oceanic spreading. Here, we present a combined analysis of seismicity, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), and GPS–derived strain rate maps to reveal that the plate-boundary linkage between the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden rifts of Afar is accommodated primarily by distributed extensional faulting. Large rotations about vertical axes predicted by bookshelf faulting models are not detected. Additionally, models of stress changes and seismicity induced by recent dikes provide poor fits to the observed time-space patterns of strike-slip earthquakes. Instead, we explain these features as resulting from rift-perpendicular shearing at the tips of spreading rifts where extension terminates against less stretched lithosphere. Our results demonstrate that distributed extension drives rift-perpendicular shearing, achieving plate-boundary linkage during incipient seafloor spreading.
Design of push-push voltage-controlled oscillator for D-band applications

A D-band push-push voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a constant output power is presented in this paper. A tunable quarter-wave (λ/4) line is proposed to minimize the output power degradation by the mismatch between λ/4 line and the output frequency. The proposed VCO has an oscillation frequency of 120 GHz and a power consumption of 11.0 mW at a supply voltage e of 1.2 V. And it has a minimum output power of -26.0 dBm and the maximum deviation of output power of 1.6 dBm when the tuning range is changed from 115.8 GHz to 126.8 GHz.
Properties and mechanisms of self-organizing MANET and P2P systems

Despite the recent appearance of self-organizing distributed systems for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, specific theoretical aspects of both their properties and the mechanisms used to establish those properties have been largely overlooked. This has left many researchers confused as to what constitutes a self-organizing distributed system and without a vocabulary with which to discuss aspects of these systems. This article introduces an agent-based model of self-organizing MANET and P2P systems and shows how it is realised in three existing network systems. The model is based on concepts such as partial views, evaluation functions, system utility, feedback and decay. We review the three network systems, AntHocNet, SAMPLE, and Freenet, and show how they can achieve high scalability, robustness and adaptability to unpredictable changes in their environment, by using self-organizing mechanisms similar to those found in nature. They are designed to improve their operation in a dynamic, heterogeneous environment, enabling them to often demonstrate superior performance to state of the art distributed systems. This article is also addressed at researchers interested in gaining a general understanding of different mechanisms and properties of self-organization in distributed systems.
Frictional Mechanics of Slow Earthquakes

Tectonic faults slip in a wide range of modes that span from slow slip events to dynamic rupture. A growing body of observations document this spectrum of failure modes in many geologic settings. However, the physical mechanisms that dictate slow slip are not understood. Here we investigate the mechanics of slow slip using carefully controlled laboratory experiments that demonstrate a complete spectrum of slip modes: Laboratory stick‐slip event durations span from seconds to milliseconds, representing the equivalent of failure events that span the range from slow to dynamic earthquakes. The rheological critical stiffness kc is the primary control on the mode of slip, but higher‐order effects including velocity dependence of the frictional rate parameter and critical slip distance also play an important role. We also find that quasi‐dynamic instability results from negligible stress drop near the stability boundary, in tandem with negative feedback during slip acceleration rooted in the rate dependence of kc. Our work shows that a broad spectrum of slip behaviors can arise from a common frictional mechanism modulated by fault zone rheology and elastic properties.
Development Status and Implementation Research of Three-Dimension Digital Map

Three-dimension digital map has become an important development direction of map with the fast development of the computer and spatial data acquisition technology, and it has brought a tremendous impact to our lives in the network environment. The paper described the development status and theoretical foundation of the three-dimension digital map, then introduced the construction principle of real three-dimension digital map and virtual three-dimension digital map, and pointed out the importance of the computer graphics in the building of three-dimension digital map. According to the current three-dimension digital map products, the paper provided three methods building three-dimension digital map, namely, CAD technology, OpenGL technology and GIS-based software technology, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of those methods. In the end, the paper contributed to the reasonable suggestions for the development and the application prospect of three-dimension digital map.
The Nickel-Responsive Regulator NikR Controls Activation and Repression of Gene Transcription in Helicobacter pylori

ABSTRACT The NikR protein is a nickel-dependent regulatory protein which is a member of the ribbon-helix-helix family of transcriptional regulators. The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori expresses a NikR ortholog, which was previously shown to mediate regulation of metal metabolism and urease expression, but the mechanism governing the diverse regulatory effects had not been described until now. In this study it is demonstrated that NikR can regulate H. pylori nickel metabolism by directly controlling transcriptional repression of NixA-mediated nickel uptake and transcriptional induction of urease expression. Mutation of the nickel uptake gene nixA in an H. pylori 26695 nikR mutant restored the ability to grow in Brucella media supplemented with 200 μM NiCl2 but did not restore nickel-dependent induction of urease expression. Nickel-dependent binding of NikR to the promoter of the nixA gene resulted in nickel-repressed transcription, whereas nickel-dependent binding of NikR to the promoter of the ureA gene resulted in nickel-induced transcription. Subsequent analysis of NikR binding to the nixA and ureA promoters showed that the regulatory effect was dependent on the location of the NikR-recognized binding sequence. NikR recognized the region from −13 to +21 of the nixA promoter, encompassing the +1 and −10 region, and this binding resulted in repression of nixA transcription. In contrast, NikR bound to the region from −56 to −91 upstream of the ureA promoter, resulting in induction of urease transcription. In conclusion, the NikR protein is able to function both as a repressor and as an activator of gene transcription, depending on the position of the binding site.
A Decentralized Trustworthy Context and QoS-Aware Service Discovery Framework for the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things envisions a multitude of heterogeneous objects and interactions with physical environments. It has provided a promising opportunity to build powerful services and applications by leveraging the growing ubiquity of smart objects connected to the Internet. In this environment, it is challenging to locate desirable services due to the considerable diversity, large scale, dynamic behavior, and geographical distribution of the services provided by physical objects. In this paper, we propose a decentralized semantics-based service discovery framework, which can effectively locate trustworthy services based on requester’s quality of service demands and changing context requirements. The proposed service discovery system is built upon fully distributed peer-to-peer architectures and includes two discovery approaches which are scalable, robust, and trust assured. Moreover, an efficient trust propagation mechanism is proposed, which seamlessly integrates with the proposed service discovery system without adding additional infrastructure overhead. Comprehensive simulation studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Where is 'dorsal V4' in human visual cortex? Retinotopic, topographic and functional evidence.

In flattened human visual cortex, we defined the topographic homologue of macaque dorsal V4 (the 'V4d topologue'), based on neighborhood relations among visual areas (i.e. anterior to V3A, posterior to MT+, and superior to ventral V4). Retinotopic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data suggest that two visual areas ('LOC' and 'LOP') are included within this V4d topologue. Except for an overall bias for either central or peripheral stimuli (respectively), the retinotopy within LOC and LOP was crude or nonexistent. Thus the retinotopy in the human V4d topologue differed from previous reports in macaque V4d. Unlike some previous reports in macaque V4d, the human V4d topologue was not significantly color-selective. However, the V4d topologue did respond selectively to kinetic motion boundaries, consistent with previous human fMRI reports. Because striking differences were found between the retinotopy and functional properties of the human topologues of 'V4v' and 'V4d', it is unlikely that these two cortical regions are subdivisions of a singular human area 'V4'.
Vulnerability of vegetation to mining dust at the Jack Hills, Western Australia

This thesis examines if dust produced by an iron-ore mine in the Jack Hills, Western Australia, has a negative impact on health and physiological function of the surrounding native flora. To this end, I characterised dust generated by the mine in terms of grain-size distribution and mineralogy and measured its spatial and temporal ‘footprint’. I then classified the dominant perennial species around the mine in terms of their structural and morphological ‘traits’ (e.g., plant height, leaf area, leaf surface characteristics) and quantified the dust trapped on the leaves of these species. I analysed the relationship between these plant ‘traits’ and dust on the leaves with Linear Mixed Effect Models (LMEM). Multivariate cluster analysis was used to group species based on similar traits to test if a group of species with similar traits increased dust loading. I then quantified the physiological performance of plants under different dust load conditions via stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll fluorescence ( PSII) and carbon isotope composition ( C). The correlation between the physiological measures, dust load and/or plant traits, was then examined with LMEM. I found that the Jack Hills mine generated dust in excess of natural background levels at distances of up to 2000 m from the mining operations. It thus imposed elevated dust loads on the surrounding vegetation. Leaf morphological traits relating to surface roughness (e.g. the presence of hairs and unevenly textured surface) and leaf posture (revolute, involute, or flat) predicted dust load. Plant structural traits, including plant height and leaf orientation,
Achieving Reliability through Replication in a Wide-Area Network DHT Storage System

It is a challenge to design and implement a wide-area distributed hash table (DHT) which provides a storage service with high reliability. Many existing systems use replication to reach the goal of reliability. However, maintaining availability and consistency of the replicas becomes a major hurdle. A reliable storage system needs to recover lost and inconsistent replicas, but any recovery strategy will lead to extra workloads which affect the throughput of the system. This paper explores these problems and provides a possible solution. We argue that our approach not only keeps eventual consistency of replicas but also quickens the spread of updates. We use an adaptive recovery strategy to guarantee the reliability of replicas as well as bandwidth saving. With a simulation result better than epidemic algorithms, we have also implemented and deployed a DHT system using strategies mentioned in this paper, and integrated it into Granary - a storage system distributed in 20 servers in 5 cities. Granary and the DHT system have run over half a year and provide a reliable storage service to several hundred users.