Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thromboprophylaxis in Patients Admitted to the Surgical Ward: Clinical Audit

Background Hospital-acquired thrombosis (HAT) is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and financial burden globally. Following trusted guidelines for VTE prevention has shown effective, safe, and satisfactory results. This prompts national collaborative efforts to maintain a consensus approach for the safe risk assessment of inpatients and the prescription of thromboprophylaxis. Objective This study aimed to detect and estimate deviations from international thromboprophylaxis protocols. The study also aimed to raise the quality of practice and adherence to evidence-based protocols in Alshuhada Teaching Hospital. Methods A cross-sectional audit of general surgical inpatients was performed from October 2021 to May 2022. The first cycle was from 1/10/2021 to 21/10/2021, and the second cycle was from 13/5/2022 to 31/5/2022. The target population was adults aged >18 years. Data were collected via an online checklist on two separate occasions. The criteria were based on the NICE guideline for venous thromboembolism in individuals aged over 16 years: “Reducing the risk of hospital-acquired deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism NG89”. Results Forty-five surgical inpatients were included in this study: 20 in the first cycle and 25 in the second cycle. The first-cycle report showed that only 25% of VTE candidates received this regimen. In the second cycle, practice significantly improved, with 92% of admitted patients having their risk assessment tool completed within 24 h of admission. 79% of VTE prophylaxis candidates were prescribed adequate pharmacological prophylaxis within 14 h of admission. Conclusion The rate of adequate thromboprophylaxis for inpatients undergoing surgery was very low before clinicians received education on VTE prevention, whereas was evidently high after they had received them. The cause of non-adherence in the pre-intervention phase was a lack of adequate knowledge regarding the magnitude and burden of HAT and the importance of thromboprophylaxis, which has a potential role in preventing the majority of HAT.
Predictive coding in ASD: reduced adaptability of priors to 1 environmental changes

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been widely reported to show 3 atypicalities in predictive coding, though there remains a controversy regarding what causes 4 such atypical processing. Suggestions range from overestimation of volatility to rigidity in the 5 reaction to environmental changes. Here, we tested two accounts directly using duration 6 reproduction of volatile and non-volatile interval sequences, which were generated from the 7 same set of intervals (i.e., the same ensemble prior). We found that both individuals with ASD 8 and matched controls were able to adjust the weight of the ensemble prior for the reproduction 9 according to the volatility of the sequence. However, the ASD group, as compared to the 10 control group, relied generally less on the prior while also exhibiting marked carry-over of the 11 weight of the prior when environmental volatility changes. Of note, though, four extremes 12 among the 32 ASD individuals showed a reproduction pattern on the opposite end of the 13 spectrum: heavy reliance on the prior in the volatile environment. Overall, our findings suggest 14 that it is not the learning of the prior per se that is compromised in ASD. Rather, a less adaptive 15 response to a change of the volatility regimen or to a volatile environment causes a highly 16 inflexible weighting of prediction errors and the prior.
Tumor necrosis factor- (cid:1) promotes the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in skeletal muscle

Tumor necrosis factor- (cid:1) promotes the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (TNF- (cid:1) ) has been associated with cachexia and is known to regulate multiple inﬂammatory cell (neutrophil and macrophage) responses. We tested the hypothesis that neutrophils and macrophages accumulate in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of mice after chronic TNF- (cid:1) administration. Murine recombinant TNF- (cid:1) ( (cid:2) 100 (cid:3) g (cid:1) kg (cid:4) 1 (cid:1) day (cid:4) 1 ) in vehicle solution or vehicle solution alone (sham) was administered to C57BL/6 mice for 7 days via osmotic minipumps. In EDL muscles from TNF- (cid:1) -treated mice, neutrophil and macrophage concentrations were elevated seven- and threefold, respectively, compared with sham mice. Neutrophil and macrophage concentrations were also elevated ﬁve- and twofold, respectively, in solei of TNF- (cid:1) - relative to sham-treated mice. Treatment with TNF- (cid:1) elevated ubiquitin content by (cid:2) 25% relative to sham values for both the EDL and soleus muscles; however, these elevations were not statistically signiﬁcant. No differences were observed between TNF- (cid:1) - and sham-treated mice in body weight, food consumption, muscle mass, myoﬁber cross-sectional area, carbonyl groups, total protein content, or relative abundance of myosin heavy chain protein. Furthermore, no overt signs of muscle injury or regeneration were observed in muscles from TNF- (cid:1) -treated mice in either the EDL or soleus muscles. These observations suggest that 7 days of TNF- (cid:1) administration promote muscle inﬂammation as indicated by the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages without overt signs of atrophy, injury, or regeneration.
Towards End-2-End modelling in a consistent NPZD-F modelling framework
(ECOSMOE2E_vs1.0): Application to the North Sea and Baltic Sea

Abstract. Coupled physical-biological models usually resolve only parts of the trophic food chain and hence, run the risk of neglecting relevant ecosystem processes. Additionally, this imposes a closure term problem at the respective “ends” of the considered trophic levels. Here we propose a consistent NPZD-Fish modelling approach (ECOSMO E2E) to address the above-mentioned problem in lower trophic ecosystem modelling, and to understand how the implementation of higher trophic levels in a NPZD model affects the simulated response of the combined North Sea and Baltic Sea ecosystem. On the basis of the coupled ecosystem model ECOSMO II we implemented one functional group that represents fish and one group representing macrobenthos in the 3d model formulation. Both groups are linked to the lower trophic levels and to each other via predator-prey relationships. The model allows investigating bottom-up impacts on primary and secondary production and cumulative fish biomass dynamics, but also top-down mechanisms on the lower trophic level production. Model results for a ten-year long simulation period (1980–1989) were analysed and discussed with respect to the observed pattern. To address the relevance of the newly implemented trophic levels for the simulated model response, we compare the performance of the ECOSMO E2E to a respective truncated NPZD model (ECOSMO II), which simulated the same time period. Additionally, we performed scenario tests to analyse the new role of the zooplankton mortality closure term in the truncated NPZD and the fish mortality term in the end-to-end model, which summarizes pressure imposed on the system by fisheries and mortality imposed by apex predators. We found that the model-simulated macrobenthos and fish spatial and seasonal pattern agree well with current system understanding. Considering a dynamic fish component in the ecosystem model resulted in slightly improved model performance with respect to representation of spatial and temporal variations in nutrients, changes in modelled plankton seasonality and nutrient profiles. Model sensitivity scenarios showed that changes in the zooplankton mortality parameter are transferred up and down the trophic chain with little attenuation of the signal, while major changes in fish mortality and in fish biomass cascade down the food chain.
Adjustment in Victims of September 11: Reactions to a Large-Scale Civilan Trauma

Title of Dissertation: ADJUSTMENT IN VICTIMS OF SEPTEMBER 11: REACTIONS TO A LARGE-SCALE CIVILAN TRAUMA Stacey Elizabeth Holmes, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Professor Mary Ann Hoffman Department of Counseling and Personnel Services This study sought to examine reactions to the September 11 terrorist attacks and identify factors that could affect those reactions. Subjective well-being (SWB), impact of traumatic event, and job satisfaction served as the means of assessing adjustment to 9/11/01. It was predicted that those with better health perceptions, more positive psychological characteristics, and more social support would report better overall adjustment to the traumatic events experienced on September 11, 2001. While few hypotheses related to job satisfaction and impact of events were significant, both the psychological variables of resiliency and optimism were predictive of SWB before, two weeks after, and one year after 9/11/01, indicating that people in this sample who perceived themselves as more resilient and optimistic also reported higher levels of SWB or seemed to be happier and have a higher quality of life. Cluster analysis was also used to examine changes in SWB over time (before the event to two weeks after to one year after). The participants in this sample were found to cluster into four groups. The first group’s levels of SWB stayed the same, and the second’s declined. The third group’s SWB increased after 9/11 and eventually returned to baseline, and the fourth group’s SWB increased. Resiliency and optimism were found to relate to group membership. While many studies have demonstrated the maladaptive reactions that people have to trauma, this study provides evidence that some people actually report a higher level of SWB following a traumatic event. This study suggests that people who are more optimistic and who have higher levels of resiliency, particularly more feelings of determination and willingness to seek meaning, and fewer feelings of helplessness, will also report a higher level of subjective well-being after dealing with a traumatic event. This study is important because it provides evidence that people, specifically who are directly exposed to a traumatic event, do respond in very different ways. While some people are unaffected or negatively impacted by trauma, many others have positive outcomes (posttraumatic growth) that lead them to a greater appreciation for and more satisfaction with their lives than before the traumatic experience. ADJUSTMENT IN VICTIMS OF SEPTEMBER 11: REACTIONS TO A LARGESCALE CIVILAN TRAUMA by Stacey Elizabeth Holmes Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2004 Advisory Committee: Professor Mary Ann Hoffman, Chair Professor Charles Gelso Professor Gregory Hancock Professor Clara E. Hill Professor Dennis Kivlighan © Copyright by Stacey Elizabeth Holmes 2004
Characterisation of the photolytic HONO-source in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR

Characterisation of the photolytic HONO-source in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR F. Rohrer, B. Bohn, T. Brauers, D. Brüning, F. -J. Johnen, A. Wahner, and J. Kleffmann Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre II: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany Physikalische Chemie/FB C, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany Received: 11 August 2004 – Accepted: 20 October 2004 – Published: 3 December 2004 Correspondence to: J. Kleffmann (kleffman@uni-wuppertal.de) © 2004 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
Review of Wildfire Effects on Chemical Water Quality

The Cerro Grande Fire of May 2000 burned almost 43,000 acres of forested land within the Pajarito Plateau watershed in northern New Mexico. Runoff events after the fire were monitored and sampled by Los Alamos National Laboratory. Changes in the composition of runoff water were noted when compared to runoff water composition of the previous 20 years. In order to understand the chemical water quality changes noted in runoff water after the Cerro Grande Fire, a summary of the reported effects of fire on runoff water chemistry and on soils that contribute to runoff water chemistry was compiled. The focus of this report is chemical water quality, so it does not address changes in sediment transport or water quantity associated with fires. Within the general inorganic parameters, increases of dissolved calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and pH in runoff water have been observed as a result of fire. However, the dissolved sodium, carbon, and sulfate have been observed to increase and decrease as a result of fire. Metals have been much less studied, but manganese, copper, zinc, and cesium-137 have been observed to increase as a result of fire.
Developing Churn Models Using Data Mining Techniques and Social Network Analysis

Churn prediction, recognition, and mitigation have become essential topics in various industries. As a means for forecasting and managing risk, further research in this field can greatly assist companies in making informed decisions based on future possible scenarios. Developing Churn Models Using Data Mining Techniques and Social Network Analysis provides an in-depth analysis of attrition modeling relevant to business planning and management. Through its insightful and detailed explanation of best practices, tools, and theory surrounding churn prediction and the integration of analytics tools, this publication is especially relevant to managers, data specialists, business analysts, academicians, and upper-level students.
Kuroshio Penetrations into the South China Sea: Analysis of the Dynamics and Predictability

Abstract : A combination of theoretical, laboratory, and observational work was accomplished in order to study the dynamics of a western boundary current leaping across the strait with an emphasis on existence of multiple flow patterns and predictability. Earlier theoretical predictions were confirmed in a context of the Kuroshio in Luzon Strait using analysis of historical hydrographic data, results from the NLOM and NPACNFS numerical models. The efficient characterization of the intrusion in terms of subsurface temperature anomaly was analyzed. Strong correlations were found between the penetrations, the winter monsoon system and the Kuroshio transport fluctuations on the decadal, interannual, and seasonal scales.
CD52 expression patterns in myeloma and the applicability of alemtuzumab therapy

Alemtuzumab has been proposed as a therapeutic agent in myeloma. CD52 was detected on plasma cells in 46/106 patients but levels were 30-fold lower than on alemtuzumab-responsive cells (n=138) and 8-fold lower than on alemtuzumab-resistant cells (n=57). The data suggest that myeloma plasma cells are unlikely to be depleted by alemtuzumab in most patients.
Exploring the International Linkages of the Euro Area: A Global VAR Analysis

This paper presents a global model linking individual country vector error-correcting models in which the domestic variables are related to the country-specific variables as an approximate solution to a global common factor model. This global VAR is estimated for 26 countries, the euro area being treated as a single economy. This paper proposes two important extensions of previous research (see Pesaran, Schuermann and Weiner, 2004). First, it provides a theoretical framework where the GVAR is derived as an approximation to a global unobserved common factor model. Also using average pair-wise cross-section error correlations, the GVAR approach is shown to be quite effective in dealing with the common factor interdependencies and international comovements of business cycles. Second, in addition to generalised impulse response functions, we propose an identification scheme to derive structural impulse responses. We focus on identification of shocks to the US economy, particularly the monetary policy shocks, and consider the time profiles of their effects on the euro area. To this end we include the US model as the first country model and consider alternative orderings of the US variables. Further to the US monetary policy shock, we also consider oil price, US equity and US real output shocks.
Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.

BACKGROUND Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections like influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome pose a world-wide threat. Antiviral drugs and vaccinations may be insufficient to prevent catastrophe. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the effectiveness of physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2009, issue 2); MEDLINE (1966 to May 2009); OLDMEDLINE (1950 to 1965); EMBASE (1990 to May 2009); and CINAHL (1982 to May 2009). SELECTION CRITERIA We scanned 2958 titles, excluded 2790 and retrieved the full papers of 168 trials, to include 59 papers of 60 studies. We included any physical interventions (isolation, quarantine, social distancing, barriers, personal protection and hygiene) to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses. We included the following study designs: randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohorts, case controls, cross-over, before-after, and time series studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used a standardised form to assess trial eligibility. RCTs were assessed by: randomisation method; allocation generation; concealment; blinding; and follow up. Non-RCTs were assessed for the presence of potential confounders, and classified into low, medium, and high risks of bias. MAIN RESULTS The risk of bias for the four RCTs, and most cluster RCTs, was high. The observational studies were of mixed quality. Only case-control data were sufficiently homogeneous to allow meta-analysis.The highest quality cluster RCTs suggest respiratory virus spread can be prevented by hygienic measures, such as handwashing, especially around younger children. Additional benefit from reduced transmission from children to other household members is broadly supported in results of other study designs, where the potential for confounding is greater. Six case-control studies suggested that implementing barriers to transmission, isolation, and hygienic measures are effective at containing respiratory virus epidemics. We found limited evidence that N95 respirators were superior to simple surgical masks, but were more expensive, uncomfortable, and caused skin irritation. The incremental effect of adding virucidals or antiseptics to normal handwashing to decrease respiratory disease remains uncertain. Global measures, such as screening at entry ports, were not properly evaluated. There was limited evidence that social distancing was effective especially if related to the risk of exposure. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Many simple and probably low-cost interventions would be useful for reducing the transmission of epidemic respiratory viruses. Routine long-term implementation of some of the measures assessed might be difficult without the threat of a looming epidemic.
Does Transformational Leadership Style effect on Employee Commitment in the Aviation Industry

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived transformational leadership style and employee commitment in Royal Jordanian Airlines (RJA). Leadership plays a significant role in all fields of life, including the public, private, and non-profit sectors. The effectiveness of a given leadership style can be appreciated and evaluated based on the level of commitment displayed by followers. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) is the research methodology employed in the RJA’s study. The study utilizes Free Online Surveys link which included the transformational leadership questionnaires part from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaires (MLQ) and the Three Components Models (TCM) Questionnaires. Results of this study showed a significant relationship between the affective and continuance commitments with the transformational leadership style and insignificant relationship between the normative commitment and the transformational leadership style.
Evaluation of the relationship between hepatic and cardiac iron overload with MRI T2* and carotid intima media thickness with Doppler ultrasound in beta thalassemia major patients

Background: Iron overload is caused early progression of atherosclerosis in beta thalassemia patients due to regular repeated blood transfusion. MRI T2* is a gold standard non-invasive method for detecting hepatic and cardiac iron overload. The aim of this study was the comparison of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in the patients and healthy control groups with Doppler ultrasound for early diagnosis of atherogenesis. Another purpose was to assess the relationship between CIMT and iron overload among patients. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on twenty patients referred to the Sarvar clinic and twenty age- and sex-matched control group. The CIMT was measured with Color Doppler ultrasound in both groups. Then, MRI T2* results, demographic, and therapeutic information were extracted from their documents. Results: CIMT was insignificantly higher in the patients compared to the control group. For example, it was 0.49 ± 0.05 vs. 0.45 ± 0.03 (p = 0.009) for the right common carotid artery (RCCA) and 0.48 ± 0.06 vs. 0.46 ± 0.04 (p = 0.17) for the left common carotid artery (LCCA). There was no strong relationship between CIMT and age (p = 0.09 for RCCA, p = 0.00 for LCCA), sex, chelation type (for example, p = 0.51 for RCCA with Desferal and p = 0.91 for LCCA with Desferal), age at diagnosis, age at the beginning on transfusion (p = 0.49 for RCCA, p = 0.20 for LCCA), age at the start of chelator (p = 0.74 for RCCA, p = 0.78 for LCCA), and hepatic and cardiac iron overload. Conclusion: Preventive and curative methods should be planned to cease its progression. Furthermore, early initiation of chelator drugs with better efficacy and compliance may reverse the hepatotoxic and adverse myocardial effects of excessive iron.
Trust Violation in Electronic Commerce: Customer Concerns and Reactions

The positive relationship between trust and purchase-related variables (such as willingness to buy) has been widely reported in literature. By implication, it is sometimes suggested that violation of trust will lead to negative consequences. However, there is a dearth of empirical support for the consequences of trust violation. In the current study, we examine a research model that proposes that the three characteristics of a trust violation (magnitude of negative outcome, causal attribution to seller, and perceived fairness of seller response) will influence psychological contract violation (PCV), which will affect customer trust (both affect-based and cognition-based trust) and which, in turn, will influence customer repurchase intentions with the offending seller, customer intentions to engage in negative word of mouth communication, and, customer intention to continue purchases on the Internet. The results indicate significant support for the research model. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Monetary policy in the information economy

As Woodford points out, during the past decade central banks have moved from mystery and mystique to transparency and openness. That movement has been led by those central banks for which the need for a new approach was most urgent. In the case of the Bank of England, a track record of monetary mismanagement for more than two decades, culminating in our departure from the exchange rate mechanism, meant that a degree of openness was not only desirable but also necessary for any degree of credibility. The view that one should explain clearly what we think we know, and equally clearly what we know we do not know, has served us very well.