Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecuadorian Teachers’ Perceptions of Teaching English: Challenges in the Public Education Sector

The current English curriculum in Ecuador requires high-school students graduate with an intermediate (B1) level. Attaining this target depends on several factors, such as teaching strategies employed in class and teacher training opportunities offered. Ecuador is ranked low for English language proficiency and, therefore, an exploratory approach has been conducted as the main data collection method to investigate the possible reasons for poor performance. In the previous phase of an overarching research project, round table discussions were held to explore themes related to English teachers’ pedagogical practices. The data gathering process in the phase described in the present study involved conducting in-depth interviews with 10 primary and secondary school English language teachers. The transcribed interviews were analyzed by putting the material through the MAXqda qualitative analysis software. The resulting coded categories allowed the authors to investigate three specific issues dealt with in the present research study, namely: teachers’ perceptions of the importance of learning English, actual classroom teaching practices, and the teachers’ observations on in-service training options. The findings of the study demonstrated that English teachers in Ecuadorian public schools recognized the importance of English and are making a substantial effort to keep up with the professional demands related to teaching English as a Foreign Language, but they lack the required knowledge to develop skills, such as critical thinking and creativity. They are also facing several challenges, such as a demanding new curriculum and students’ lack of motivation at a time of apparently dwindling teacher training opportunities.
Ownership Concentration, Corporate Liquidity, and Dividend Payment Policy: Evidence from Indonesian Financial Industries

The main objective of this research is to analyze the effect of ownership concentration and corporate liquidity on dividend payment policy in the Indonesian financial industry. Dividend payment is measured using dividend pay-out ratio on measuring dividend payment. Corporate ownership concentration is measured using the number of shares held by legal individual investors and large block shareholders. Ownership concentration is divided into three categories, which are inside shareholders, stable shareholders, and market shareholders. Corporate liquidity is measured by corporate profit, defined by retained earnings/total assets and retained earnings/total equity, corporate leverage (total liabilities/total assets), and corporate size (log normal total assets). We apply data panel regression and the robust least square method. Based on the robust least square method of testing data panel regression, we find there is a relationship between insider shareholder, market shareholder, and dividend payment policy. In contrast, there is no relationship between stable shareholder and dividend payment policy. We also found a relationship between corporate profit, which variable is retained earnings/total assets, corporate leverage, and corporate size, and dividend payment policy. These results lead to the conclusion that dividend payments increase when ownership by inside shareholders decreases, and that when ownership by market shareholders increase corporate profit will also increase, and corporate leverage and corporate size decreases.
Antibiotics Resistant Profile of Multi Drug Resistance Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Southeastern Nigeria

Objective: To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) from patients in a tertiary hospital, in southeastern Nigeria. Method: This was a cross sectional study carried out at the Medical Microbiology Department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, in southeastern Nigeria from July 2013 to June 2016. Ethical Clearance was obtained from Health research ethical committee of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu. A total of 6553 urine samples were examined and cultured in 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar plate. The plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 18 hours. After which E. coli isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial resistant testing were done on Muller Hinton plates using modified Kirby-Bauer method and interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Analytical and descriptive statistics was done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version. Result: Out of 6553 urine samples, 2062 showed significant growth with E. coli (65.6%) being the most predominant followed by Klebsiella spp. (19.3%), Proteus spp (6.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3.5%). The age group 30-39 years (27.3%) had the highest prevalence. (χ2 =572.1, p= 0.001). Females constituted 81.4 % of the study (χ2 =469.43, p< 0.000). The antibiotics that showed yearly increase in resistance were ciprofloxacin, augmentin, amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin and ofloxacin. All the isolates had a multiple antibiotics resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.2. Conclusion: E. coli isolates showed multiple drug resistance to commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Antibiotic guidelines and good practice of antibiotic stewardship is of paramount importance for the optimum care of the patient.
Post-release Monitoring after Reintroduction of Captive-reared Korean Endangered Frog, Pelophylax Chosenicus

Introduction To restore the Gold-spotted pond frog (Pelophylax chosenicus), a Korean endangered frog, 600 captive-reared individuals were reintroduced between August and September 2019 into an aquatic garden in the National Institute of Ecology where P. chosenicus had previously inhabited. After reintroduction, six post-release monitoring sessions were conducted from August 2019 to May 2020. Monitoring was performed using three methods (counting calls, observation, and capture) from sunset to midnight near release sites, eliminating potential threat factors. Snout-vent lengths and body weights of recaptured individuals were measured before they were released immediately. We noted that both snout-vent lengths and body weights of recaptured individuals were slightly higher than those before. The average recapture rate was 4.66%. Reintroduced frogs were recaptured at the last monitoring session conducted in May 2020, indicating that these reintroduced frogs hibernated during the winter successfully. We found that these reintroduced frogs successfully settled after release. This result will be useful for establishing management strategies for endangered frogs in Korea. Particularly, post-release monitoring could be an essential approach in the restoration program of a target species.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF INTRA-ARTICULAR CALCANEAL FRACTURES

Background: Calcaneal fractures have considerable debate of the appropriate methods of management and how to lessen potential complications. Objective: Evaluation of intra-articular calcaneal fractures that treated by minimally invasive methods. Patients and Methods: A prospective study has been conducted on twenty patients having intra-articular calcaneal fractures and were managed by minimally invasive methods of fixation at Al Azhar university hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, after that they have been followed up for 6 months. Results: According to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hind foot Score. There was: excellent (5 feet (25%), good (11 feet (55%), fair (2 feet (10%) and poor (2 feet (10%). The average score was 83 with a range of 68 to 95. No patient in this series experienced any failure of hard-ware, or developed deep infections. Complications included: superficial pin tract infection, varus heel deformity, flexion deformity of the big toe, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, subtalar arthritis and painful heel. Conclusion: Management of calcaneal, intra-articular, fractures by minimally invasive techniques is a viable surgical alternate as it provides shorter time of surgery, nominal invasiveness, less serious wound problems, and no residual hardware (in case of pinning). Their drawbacks include technical issues and inadequate reduction fracture fragment.
Development and validation an HPLC - UV method for determination of esomeprazole and pirfenidone simultaneously in rat plasma: application to a drug monitoring study

Background and Aims: It has been observed that the combined treatment of esomeprazole and pirfenidone provides increased efficacy in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis disease, recently. The aim of this study is to develop a simple, sensitive, and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method to be used in drug monitoring to increase the effectiveness of esomeprazole and pirfenidone in treatment and to reduce their adverse effects. Methods: Separation was conducted with a C18 reverse-phase column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm) used as a mobile phase prepared with the phosphate buffer (10 mM KH2PO4 and 10 mM K2HPO4) and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) by an isocratic flow (1 mL/min). Mobile phase pH was adjusted to 3.0. Ultraviolet detection was accomplished at 305 nm. The column oven was held at 35°C to ensure an efficient analytical separation. Results: Analytical recovery of esomeprazole was between 92.43 and 105.36% and for pirfenidone it was found between 89.56 and 104.32%. Accuracy values of esomeprazole and pirfenidone were determined between (-2.90) – 4.22 and (-4.45) – 5.78, respectively. Precision (RSD%) was ≤7.89. The quantification limit was determined as 0.58 and 0.36 ng/mL. Plasma esomeprazole and pirfenidone levels were found as 0.87-8296.87 ng/mL (612.99±2212.20, mean ± standard deviation) and 0.45-238.60 ng/mL (61.44±76.35, mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Conclusion: Unexpectedly high RSD values were observed in both plasma (360.88%) and dose-rated results (89.61%) of esomeprazole, and pirfenidone were thought to be related to individual metabolism differences.
Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Role of Improvisation on Student Faculty of Economics, State University of Malang

Scholars and students are believed to be capable of becoming educated entrepreneurs and opening job vacancies to overcome unemployment. This research was carried out to investigate the entrepreneurial intention of students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Malang, in which the entrepreneurial intention is the closest to the act of entrepreneurship. This research is a quantitative study using analysis techniques hierarchical regression. The results showed that entrepreneurial intention was influenced by self-efficacy and improvisation, while personality and subjective norms did not affect the entrepreneurial intention. The interaction relationship between self-efficacy and improvisation affected negatively on entrepreneurial intentions. Male students were found to have higher entrepreneurial intentions than women.
Association of ApoA1 to ApoB ratio and other serum ratios with ischemia and reperfusion injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China Contributions: (I) Conception and design: C Chen, Y An; (II) Administrative support: Y An; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: C Chen; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: C Chen; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: C Chen; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Yi An, MD. Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China. Email: anyqingdao@163.com.
Diagnostic potential of group dynamic assessment

Introduction As an innovative assessment procedure and armed with interaction tool, dynamic assessment (henceforth DA) precipitating a testing renaissance in developmental psychology and later on in L2 pedagogy has recently come to the fore to comprehensively crystallize learners' abilities through identifying both their transparent (independent) and hidden (potential) abilities (Poehner, 2009; Ableeva, 2010; Shabani et al., 2010). What this paper has set out to explore is to test the diagnostic potential of group dynamic assessment (hereafter GDA) as a new variant of Vygotskian SCT-based DA in surfacing L2 learners’ listening comprehension processes. Diagnostic assessment in L2 context The L2 field has been so obsessed with the development of standardized, high-stakes tests that the diagnostic mission of language testing has been consigned to oblivion. In this regard, Alderson (2005) complains that such a sedate disposition and dormant interest in diagnostic assessment in L2 testing has led to "a considerable confusion and indeed ignorance about what diagnostic testing might entail" (Alderson, 2005, p. 26). He goes further to state that even classroom-based assessments have failed to put into effect principles of diagnostic assessment and no worthwhile attempt has been made to cater for the students' developmental needs. Contrasting diagnostic testing with other types of language tests like placement, achievement, and proficiency, Alderson (2005) clarifies that the main goal of diagnostic testing is to bring to surface the strong and weak sides of learners' abilities so that in the light of the information obtained the teacher can provide the most suitable remedial instruction for enhancing the students' learning. This goal is more explicitly reflected in the ALTE's no worthwhile attempt has been made to cater for the students' developmental needs. Contrasting diagnostic testing with other types of language tests like placement, achievement, and proficiency, Alderson (2005) clarifies that the main goal of diagnostic testing is to bring to surface the strong and weak sides of learners' abilities so that in the light of the information obtained the teacher can provide the most suitable remedial instruction for enhancing the students' learning. This goal is more explicitly reflected in the ALTE's multilingual glossary which defines a diagnostic test as "A test which is used for the purpose of discovering a learner's specific strengths or weaknesses. The results may be used for making decisions on future training, learning or teaching (ALTE, 1998). Stipulating that any assessment practice should benefit from a theoretical support, Alderson points out that unlike L1 diagnostic testing which is strongly supported by a theory and
The impact of exercise on serum irisin, osteocalcin, and adiponectin levels and on glycolipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 12-week moderate-intensity exercise intervention on the serum Irisin, osteocalcin (OC), and adiponectin (ADP) levels and their relationships with glycolipid metabolism, islet β-cell function, and insulin resistance status in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: 60 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG, n=30) and a control group (CG, n=30). 20 age-matched healthy individuals were recruited for a normal control group (NCG). The T2DM EG underwent a regular exercise intervention for 12 weeks. Their preand post-training anthropometric and biochemical indicators and their serum irisin, OC, and ADP levels were determined. Results: the baseline irisin and ADP levels in the T2DM groups were lower than they were in the NCG (P<0.05). The post-training irisin and ADP levels in the T2DM EG were significantly increased (P<0.05), and there were no changes in the OC levels (P>0.05). The BMI, HbA1C, FPG, 2 h PBG, HOMA2-%B, and HOMA2-IR levels were significantly improved compared with their pre-training levels and with the T2DM CG’s levels (P<0.05). A correlation analysis showed that the serum OC levels were negatively correlated with the FPG, 2 h PBG, and HOMA2-IR levels in the T2DM patients and positively correlated with the serum ADP and irisin levels (P<0.05). The serum irisin level was negatively correlated with the 2 h PBG level and positively correlated with the serum ADP level (P<0.05). The OC change rate was positively correlated with the FCP and HOMA2-IR change rates (P<0.05). The irisin change rate was negatively correlated with the FPG and HOMA2-IR change rates and positively correlated with the ADP change rate (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regular exercise results in an improvement of the serum irisin and ADP levels, the systemic metabolic markers, the islet β-cell function, and insulin resistance in patients with T2DM.
Calcium supplementation to reduce blood lead levels in pregnant women(Studies in the northern coastal region Brebes, Indonesia)

Background: Lead exposure during pregnancy can inhibit fetal growth and increase the risk of gestational hypertension even preeclampsia. Calcium supplementation may inhibit the lead absorption and mobilization of maternal bone lead. Objective:This study aims to evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on reducing blood lead levels (BLL) in pregnant women.Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental study with 26 pregnant women as the intervention group and 27 pregnant women as the control group was determinedbased on the region (cluster randomization). Supplementation of 2x500 milligram calcium carbonate tablets was given for 45 days. BLL were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and carried out before and after the intervention. Data analysis used independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test.Results: There was no significant difference in age, gestational age, and blood calcium levels between the treatment and control groups. The mean BLL pre-test of the intervention and control groups were in the high category (34.7±21.,99 vs 26.8±15.50 μg/dL). There was a significant difference in the reduction in blood lead levels between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.001). In the intervention group, there was a decrease in BLL by 6.5 μg/dL, while in the control group, there was an increase of 2.9 μg/dL.Conclusions: Calcium supplementation can reduce blood lead levels in pregnant women.
Effect of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs When the Head of the Household Is Female in Mexico

The objective of this article is to examine the impact of the OPORTUNIDADES-PROSPERA conditional cash transfer program on women heads of household in Mexico. The target of the empowerment of women household heads in the program is predominantly focused on developing human capital, shown by the increase of children in the school by the women household heads. The database was based on the data gathered through the Survey unique questionnaire of socio-economic information (CUIS) realized by the Social Development Secretariat (SEDESOL), through the PROSPERA National Coordination, which operate the OPORTUNIDADES-PROSPERA Program. The database that was analyzed consisted of 3,762 families that profited between 2004 and 2017 and settled in the 32 states of the Mexican Republic. We drew on Amartya Sen's capabilities theory and Martha Nussbaum's later contribution to this theory, to analyse the data which focused on the capacities necessary for women to achieve the desired well-being and overcome the condition of inherited poverty. A methodology with a quantitative-descriptive approach is used through two comparisons. The first focus is on the beneficiary households of the OPORTUNIDADES-PROSPERA program, and the second focus is on the total income of the beneficiary families of the program. This method allows the researcher to have a subjective view of the studied phenomenon and to understand the social world associated with that program. After conducting this study, we concluded that most of the households that entered the program have changed the composition of the head of household. This is because the new access to income transfer has provided some benefits to these women in terms of empowerment. The results show us that the conditional cash transfer programs in households headed by women are not always enough to overcome initial poverty. Also, governments have not been able to combat poverty that affects households headed by women.
Plastic Packaging Materials as Possible Source of Hazardous Chemicals to Food and human health: A Review

Plastic packaging has been implicated as a source of food packaging material (FPM) borne compounds transfer into food. These chemical migrants from packaging materials to food products are associated with human health risks. However, opinions on plastic packaging safety differ greatly and scientific agreement on product safety is still indefinable. The present review intends to explore and present the state of science about the safety of plastics, the potential for consumer exposure and discuss the major issues with respect to associated health risks safety.
PREVALENCE OF TICK-VECTORS OF THEILERIA ANNULATA INFESTING THE ONE-HUMPED CAMELS IN GIZA, EGYPT

PREVALENCE OF TICK-VECTORS OF THEILERIA ANNULATA INFESTING THE ONE-HUMPED CAMELS IN GIZA, EGYPT By MOSTAFA I. HASSAN, HANAN S. M. GABR, SOBHY ABDEL-SHAFY, KOTB M. HAMMAD AND MOSTAFA M. MOKHTAR Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, and Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt (*Correspondence: drmosta80@gmail.com) Abstract Theileria are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites transmitted by hard ticks that cause severe and mild infections in their vertebrate hosts. The objective of the present study was to identify the possible tick vector of Theileria spp. and to determine the prevalence of camel theileriosis in Birqash market, Giza, Egypt. These camels are previously imported from Sudan and Somalia. A total of 298 nomadic one humped camels in the study area were selected by simple random sampling technique during the period from December 2014 to November 2015. A total of 1540 ticks were collected, four ixodid tick species; Hyalomma dromedarii, Amblyomma lepidum, Amblyomma variegatum, and Rhipicephalus pulchellus were found on camels. It was observed that H. dromedarii recorded the highest prevalence (69%), followed by A. lepidum (8%), A. variegatum (3%) and R. pulchellus (2%). Using light microscope Hyalomma dromedarii was the most tick carrier of Theileria spp. which recorded 1.3% (20/1540) Theileria infection. The highly prevalence rates for all ticks were monitored during the summer season. The molecular detection of Theileria annulata in Geimsa-stain positive H. dromedarii ticks was performed by the PCR using primer set N516/N517 derived from the gene encoding the 30 kDa major merozoite surface antigen. This primer set amplified T. annulata in H. dromedarii at 750 bp. Thus the presence of H. dromedarii on camels in the field have dangerous inclusive for animal health and to some extent humans. To reduce these dangerous effects, strategic control methods could be used in the control of ticks.