Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
143-151 Hajipour N.pmd

Toxocara cati and Toxocara canis target mainly cats and dogs respectively. However, Toxoascaris leonine can infect both cats and dogs. T. cati and T. canis are zoonotic parasites which can lead to visceral larva migrans and ocular larva migrans in humans. 200 faecal specimens of animals (100 stray cats and 100 stray dogs) were examined in this study from which 155 (77.5%) were reported to be infected by these parasites. Fifty cats from Azarshahr, fifty cats from Marand, and one hundred dogs from Tabriz were examined in the present study of which 45 (90%), 43 (86%), and 67 (67%), respectively, were reported to be positive at least for one of the parasites. Cats studied in Marand were under 1 and 1-2 years’ old which showed significantly higher rates of infection with endoparasites (100%) compared to the cats which were above 2 years (30%; p<0.001). Findings showed that there was no significant difference between males and females (p=1.00). The rates of infection with T. leonina among cats from Azarshar showed a significant decrease with age (P<0.001). However, the rates of infection with T. cati was not significant at the same age groups (P>0.001). The rates of infection with T. canis among dogs less than 1 year (80%) were significant (P<0.05) in comparison to the rates reported for doges with 1-2 years (52.27%) and dogs more than 2 years old (57.69%). There were no significant differences between the prevalence of infections based on the host gender and urban sites (P > 0.001). From the public health point of view one can say that the high rates of infection with T. cati, T. canis and T. leonina in stray cats and dogs are important and critical. So it is necessary to implement appropriate measures and control strategies in order to prevent and control the helminth infections in stray cats and dogs in the areas survey in Iran.
Social farming for sustainable development

Value-chain innovations, focused more on process development than on product development, are designed to develop sustainable business models by addressing context-specific issues that meet both economic and social objectives. Responsible innovation is increasingly being viewed by firms as a corporate and strategic necessity to ensure long-term sustainability. Thus, social agriculture is characterized by a multifunctional role combining the traditional productive function with the ability to generate benefits for vulnerable people. Providing innovative services, it can effectively respond to the crisis of traditional social assistance systems and the growing demand for personalization and qualification of social services. Cà Colonna is an innovative agricultural start-up with a social vocation. It aims at organizing and innovating an integrated and sustainable agri-food supply chain for both the environment and the social role. The first investments have already been made to finetune agricultural production in an innovative way: recovery and reintroduction of biodiversity such as alimurgical herbs and ancient grains; land settlement with the introduction of precision farming and new techniques for the irrigation system. Food products have been made from agricultural raw materials such as the Italian traditional recipes of Artusi’s book: the first book of Italian recipes. The whole production is carried out in a social agricultural supply chain with the collaboration of social cooperatives for the inclusion of people with fragilities. The first disciplinary of agricultural-social production was adopted. The same value-chain has been extended to Africa: achievement and management of agroindustrial platforms to be implanted at Lukula in Central Congo Province (Democratic Republic of Congo). The African project was funded by the World Bank. The goal is to improve agro-industrial production in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This country, while expressing great agricultural potential, is however decidedly lacking in the organization of the integrated supply chain between agriculture and the final market, that is the urban area. On one hand, there is a traditional agricultural territory, and on the other an urban system in strong growth which is increasingly exposed to imports to access to food.
Brazil and China: two growth models

In this paper we look at two emerging economies, Brazil and China, and propose an evaluation of their recent development in terms of growth performance and the evolution of income inequality. Our analysis therefore seems to be related to the well known Kuznets-curve and theory. The latter, however, populates an inequality-growth plane with countries’ average-valued coordinates and draws far fetching predictions that have been repeatedly questioned. In the same K-plane we introduce the dual notion (based upon coordinates that are bi-variate time series) of (a population of) growth models. Accordingly, we re-interpret the comparative histories of these two emerging economies to show how Kuznets’ traditional approach does not capture recent relevant phenomena characterizing such countries, and perhaps others as well: namely, the presence of at least two distinct growth models, one prevailing in China for most of its recent history, the other associated with Brazil. Descriptive statistics and Cointegration analysis corroborate such results. Our research is meant also to begin to rationalize various attempts to interpret such phenomena as of the so called East Asian Miracle countries, and the Middle Income trap. In fact, our analysis runs against the backdrop of the extensive literature on the relationship between income inequality and growth/development, so that a review, albeit brief, is in order.
Does Climate Change Make Foodgrain Yields More Unpredictable? Evidence from India

THow would climate change affect India’s agriculture which accounts for sixty percent of employment? We study the impact of climate change on the level and variability of yields of rice (India’s major food crop) and two key millet crops (sorghum and pearl millet), using an all India district level panel dataset from 1966-2011. A stochastic production function is estimated with exogenous climate anomalies. We find that climate change adversely affects both the level and variability of crop yields - rice yields are reduced by rainfall extremes whereas extremely high temperatures make yields of all three crops highly variable with the biggest impact on millets.
Asset Specificity of Non-Financial Firms

The specificity of firms' assets affects a wide range of economic issues. We study asset specificity of U.S. non-financial firms using a new dataset on the liquidation recovery rates of all major asset categories across industries. First, we find that non-financial firms' assets are generally highly specific. The average recovery rate (liquidation value over cost net of depreciation) is 35% for plant, property, and equipment (PPE). Second, across industries, physical attributes such as mobility, durability, and standardization account for around 40% of variations in PPE recovery rates. Over time, macroeconomic and industry conditions have the most impact on recovery rates when PPE is not firm-specific. Third, higher asset specificity is associated with less asset sales, greater investment response to uncertainty, and more Q dispersion, consistent with theories of investment irreversibility. Finally, the data suggests that rising intangibles have had a limited impact on firms' liquidation values.
Geophysical Signatures of the Keurusselkä Meteorite Impact Structure: Implications for Crater Dimensions

Terrestrial impact structures carry the effects of shock and impact-related processes on target rocks and minerals. Integration of petrophysical data obtained from surface and drill core rocks with geophysical field studies allows the crater dimensions to be delineated, even when the impact structure is deeply eroded. Our study concentrates on the Mesoproterozoic Keurusselkä impact structure, with paleomagnetic and geochemical (Ar/Ar) ages of 1120 and 1140 Ma, respectively; and, especially, its central uplift region, which is characterized by the presence of well-defined in-situ shatter cones. The structure is located within the 1900–1860 Ma old granitic Svecofennian domain in central Finland and is deeply eroded. Prominent high-amplitude low-wavelength magnetic anomalies occupy the central uplift region of the structure and are attributed to magnetization caused by a meteorite impact. Corresponding negative gravity anomalies are less distinctive, but are consistent with the magnetic ones. In this paper we present the potential field maps and a geophysical model for the Keurusselkä impact structure. Crater dimensions are are estimated from theoretical equations combined with the modeling results. We propose that the original rim-to-rim diameter of Keurusselkä structure has been 24–27 km.
181-187 Ouchene N.pmd

A study of ruminant fascioliasis was conducted in Algerian abattoirs between March 2008 and February 2009. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of infected livers with fascioliasis and to evaluate the economic loss due to the condemnation of livers infected with fascioliasis. A total of 3,457 cattle, 6,161 sheep and 5,764 goats were slaughtered and examined in El Tarf abattoir, north Algeria (humid climate), and 2,151 cattle, 5,724 sheep, 351 goats and 582 camels in Ouargla abattoir, south Algeria (saharan climate). In El Tarf region, the prevalence of fascioliasis infection was 26.7±2.5%, 6.5±0.4% and 2.5±0.2% in cattle, sheep and goats, respectively (P<0.001). The seasonal prevalence of Fasciola hepatica was highest in summer and winter for cattle and goats and in winter for sheep (P < 0.001). In Ouargla region, fascioliasis is reported for the first time in cattle (1.7±0.7%). Sheep, goats and camels were not infected. The overall economic loss due to hepatic condemnations as a result of fascioliasis was estimated at 60,000 euros in El Tarf region and 4,000 euros in Ouargla region. According to this study, it can be concluded that fascioliasis is endemic in the northern Algeria in ruminants and, the disease should be considered seriously as a great threat to ruminant health and profitability.
Effect of municipal solid waste leachate on the Geotechnical properties of soil

Waste Infiltrate precipitates through the solid waste and leaches the constituents from the decomposed waste while moving down through the dump. This causes the subsurface soil to be contaminated accompanying by deterioration of soil quality. The main objectives present paper to evaluate the impact of municipal solid waste on the properties of soil at Ugwuokwenu waste dump, Nnewi. Soil profile pits were excavated non disposal of solid waste site and solid waste disposal site. Physicochemical and geotechnical properties of soil were estimated. Impact of improper waste management and the effect on the physical and chemical properties of soil were also highlighted. Two soil profile pits from Ugwuokwenu open waste dump area and six other randomly selected sites (uncontaminated soil) but of known distance from the waste dump in Nnewi (representating control site) were excavated and collected. Soil physicochemical properties such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, particle size analysis, exchangeable acidity, total nitrogen, specific gravity, coefficient of permeability, shear strength, compressibility, moisture content (MC), organic matter (OM), calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate were studied using various analytical techniques. Results were compared. The study indicates that dumping of solid wastes has altered the physicochemical constituents. Soils at the disposal sites showed low pH, and high EC values in comparison to control sites. The values of natural moisture content, acidity, organic matter, specific gravity, nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrate, chloride, and silt, of the contaminated soil were generally higher compared to those of the uncontaminated soil samples. This indicates that due to disposal of solid waste the quality of the soil is reduced.
Occurrence of aflatoxin in Colocynthis citrullus L. (egusi) kernels in Southwestern Nigeria

Egusi is an important soup condiment in many parts of Nigeria. It is infected with many storage fungi especially aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus flavus which produces carcinogenic aflatoxins. However, information on AC in egusi is limited in Nigeria. Therefore, incidence of storage fungi, toxigenicity of A. flavus isolates and AC in Egusi kernels (EK) from southwestern Nigeria were investigated. One major Egusi market in each of the six southwestern states was purposively selected during the wet season (July-August). Traders in each market were listed and three traders were selected by simple random sampling. Egusi kernels (≈1⁄2kg, n=162) were purchased twice in two years from selected traders and taken to the laboratory for fungi isolation, identification and aflatoxin analysis. Aflatoxin concentration (μg kg -1 ) in EK samples and Aspergillus isolates (n=1003) toxigenicity were determined using standard analytical procedures and quantified using scanning densitometer. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0. 05. Aspergillus (32.4±1.6%) was most predominant fungal species followed by Rhizopus spp (21.5±2.0%) in all states. Incidence of Aspergillus species was highest in Ekiti (62.1±6.5%) and lowest in Oyo (40.2±3.7%). Among Aspergillus species, A. flavus (51.1±2.4%) was most prevalent followed by A. tamarii (31.8±1.9%), while A. ochraceus (0.3±0.2%) was the least. Aflatoxin-B (6.9-109.5 μg kg -1 ) and aflatoxin-G (0.2-35.8 μg kg -1 ) were detected in six states. Toxigenic A. flavus (77.7±0.9%) isolates were significantly higher than atoxigenics (22.3±0.5%). Toxigenic Aspergillus was most prevalent postharvest fungi on Egusi kernels in southwestern Nigeria. Egusi kernels were highly contaminated with aflatoxin at alarming levels.
Black-White Disparities in Pain Management among Nursing Home Residents with Cancer

Background : Racial disparities in pain management persist across healthcare settings and likely extend into nursing homes. No studies to-date have thoroughly evaluated racial disparities in cancer pain management in this setting. Methods : Using a cross-sectional study design, we compared reported pain and pharmacological pain management between non-Hispanic White and Black newly admitted nursing home residents with cancer (n=113,765) using the Minimum Data Set version 3.0. Pain management strategies considered included: use of scheduled analgesics, pro re nata analgesics, and non-pharmacological methods. Presence of pain was based on self-report when residents were able to, or by staff. Logistic models provided estimates of odds ratios for pain management strategies adjusted for resident factors. Results : Among nursing home residents with cancer, nearly one-third reported pain with estimates similar in Black (32.4%) and White (32.8%) residents. Estimates of pain frequency and intensity were also similar by race. While most residents received scheduled pharmacologic pain management, Whites had greater odds of receiving it than Blacks (Whites: 72.8%, Blacks: 69.3%, adjusted odds ratio Black vs. White (aOR): 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88-0.96). Pro re nata analgesic use was more common in Whites than Blacks (Whites: 40.1%, Blacks: 38.5%, aOR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.75-0.81) as were non-pharmacologic approaches (Whites: 33.1%, Blacks: 25.3%, aOR: 0.70; 95 CI%: 0.67-0.73). Conclusions : While reporting of pain was similar for Black and White nursing home residents, White residents received more frequent pain management at admission. The extent to which unequal management of pain persists in
Management of Forgotten Ureteral Double J Stents: Causes and Management

Introduction: Double J stent (DJS) is a basic and valuable tool in urological practice. A forgotten DJS is not uncommon and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The presenting complaints may range from UTI to renal failure. Therefore, this study has been carried out to assess the clinical spectrum of this entity in our setting. Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, complications and management of forgotten DJS. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was done at the Department of Urology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore (SIMS) from August 2015 to December 2016. Sixteen patients with forgotten DJS were included. Each patient was studied for age, gender, presenting complains, indication of DJS, duration of stent insertion and management performed. The data was recorded on a proforma and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: 16 patients 68.8% (n=11) male and 31.2% (n=5) female patients were included in study. The average age was 46.38 ± 13.58 (23-65 years). The mean indwelling time of DJS was 16.31 ± 32 months. 50% of patient’s had obstructive uropathy due to stones. Most patients had UTI (37.5%) at presentation while mild encrustation was the major complication encountered (43.8%). Majority of patients were not compliant to the advice for DJS removal. Conclusion: Forgotten DJS leads to multiple complications, if not intervened timely. They can be successfully removed employing least invasive endourologic techniques. Proper counseling of patient/relatives is needed to get it removed in the due time period.
Bacterial Profile of Surgical Site Infections and their Antibiograms in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Introduction: Surgical site infections are associated with patient morbidity, longer duration of hospital stay and excess hospital costs. Study objective was to determine frequency of various micro-organisms isolated from surgical site infections and their Antibiogram in Cardiac surgery unit. Material and methods: This study was conducted at pathology laboratory of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore for a period of 10 months from May 2017 to February 2018. A total of 200 pus samples were collected from patients suffering from Surgical Site Infections. Samples were cultured on MacConkey agar and Chocolate agar and were incubated at 37°C for 24hrs. Organisms were identified on the basis of colonial morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed on Muller Hinton agar by using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and E-strips. Results: Out of 200 cultures, bacterial growth was obtained from 43%. Among total isolates, 58% were Gram positive and 42% were Gram negative bacteria. Most frequently isolated organism from wound swabs was Staphylococcus aureus (41.9%) followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (14%). Gram negative bacteria isolated were Klebsiella from 10%, Enterobacter from 10%, E.coli from 8%, Acinetobacter from 4% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 4% of surgical wounds. All Gram Positive organisms were resistant to Penicillin, 80% to Erythromycin, 64% to Ciprofloxacin, 64% to Methicillin and 28% Amikacin. All were susceptible to Vancomycin and Linezolid. In case of Gram negative organisms, all isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, 94.5% to Ceftriaxone, 83.3% to Cefepime, 83.3% to Aztreonam, 72.2% to Amoxycillin/clavulanate, 50% to Ciprofloxacin, 44.5% to Pipperacillin-Tazobactam, 33% to Amikacin, 33.3% to Cefoperazone-sulbactam and 27.8% were resistant to Imipenem Conclusion: Gram positive pathogens were most common cause of surgical site infection in cardiac surgery patients. However, significant proportion of infections were caused by Gram negative pathogens
GENDER ISSUES CAN INFLUENCE LIQUIDITY AND RISK OF COMPANIES?

This paper seeks to identify how gender issues can impact companies, verifying the influence of female directors and executives on the accounting liquidity and the risk of publicly traded Brazilian companies. Results show that the number of women working in Brazilian companies is small, and the proportion of female directors is negatively linked to liquidity and positively linked to risk, contradicting many studies in the area. For female executives, the relation to liquidity was significative and positive. It can be inferred that female directors end up assuming a more confident position, once they are embedded in a predominantly masculine environment, what may lead to a reduction on liquidity and an increase on risk.
Bwindi Mountain Gorilla Census 2011 – Summary of Results

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany Bwindi Mgahinga Conservation Area, Uganda Wildlife Authority, P.O. Box 3530, Kampala, Uganda International Gorilla Conservation Program, P.O. Box 931, Kigali, Rwanda Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, P.O. Box 44, Kabale, Uganda and Wildlife Conservation Society, 185th Street, Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
Proportionally Fair Clustering Revisited

In this work, we study fairness in centroid clustering. In this problem, k cluster centers must be placed given n points in a metric space, and the cost to each point is its distance to the nearest cluster center. Recent work of Chen et al. [8] introduces the notion of a proportionally fair clustering, in which no group of at least n/k points can ﬁnd a new cluster center which provides lower cost to each member of the group. They propose a greedy capture algorithm which provides a 1 + √ 2 approximation of proportional fairness for any metric space, and derive generalization bounds for learning proportionally fair clustering from samples in the case where a cluster center can only be placed at one of ﬁnitely many given locations in the metric space. We focus on the case where cluster centers can be placed anywhere in the (usually inﬁnite) metric space. In case of the L 2 distance metric over R t , we show that the approximation ratio of greedy capture improves to 2. We also show that this is due to a special property of the L 2 distance; for the L 1 and L ∞ distances, the approximation ratio remains 1 + √ 2. We provide universal lower bounds which apply to all algorithms. We also consider metric spaces deﬁned on graphs. For trees, we show that an exact proportionally fair clustering always exists and provide an eﬃcient algorithm to ﬁnd one. The corresponding question for general graph remains an interesting open question. Finally, we show that for the L 2 distance, checking whether a proportionally fair clustering exists and implementing greedy capture over an inﬁnite metric space are NP-hard problems, but (approximately) solvable in special cases. We also derive generalization bounds which show that an approximately proportionally fair clustering for a large number of points can be learned from a small number of samples. Our work advances the understanding of proportional fairness in clustering, and points out many avenues for future work.
114-130 Enayati A.pmd

The aim of the present study was to compare the biodiversity patterns of tick species in the Northern Iran between June 2007 and June 2008. 41 villages within three locations, viz. highland, woodland and plain, were selected using cluster randomized sampling method. A total of 504 sheep and 162 cattle visited monthly for a period of 12 months for the presence of ticks. Estimated richness was calculated using rarefaction curves and richness estimators. Defining the contribution of biodiversity components was adjusted using SHE analysis. A total of 1,231 hard ticks (consisting of 6 genera and 6 species) were collected. Rhipicephalus bursa (in highland and plain) and Boophilus annulatus (in woodland) were identified as eudominant species with the most abundance. Seasonal activity of the ticks varied among species. Rarefaction curves showed that summer and spring had the highest species diversity and richness in different locations. SHE analysis revealed that evenness had the greatest effect on the changes of species diversity and also showed that all regions are mainly occupied by common species. The study demonstrated that the seasonal fluctuations of R. bursa have a significant impact on the changes of species diversity.