Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing reflective and supportive scaffolding in 3D computer‐aided design course: Engineering students' metacognitive strategies, spatial ability self‐efficacy, and spatial anxiety

Three‐dimensional (3D) modeling provides a suitable context for the improvement of students' higher order thinking skills as it involves challenging and complex learning tasks. For students to succeed in difficult learning tasks, it is necessary to determine the effects of the scaffolding type given to the students in the learning process. This study asserts that reflective and supportive scaffolding has a critical effect on the dependent variables. Reflective scaffolding enables students to explain their reflective processes and clarify their reflective behavior, using personal reflection as a learning tool. Supportive scaffolding provides a process to develop knowledge and guidance on what participants should consider. This study compares the effects of different scaffolding types (reflective or supportive), students' prior knowledge on students' use of metacognitive strategies, spatial ability self‐efficacy, and spatial anxiety in the 3D computer‐aided design course. A pretest and posttest 2 x 2 x 2 factorial quasi‐experimental model was used in the study. This study was carried out with 118 undergraduate mechanical engineering students. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used in the analysis of the data. The results showed that the supportive scaffolding group scored higher in the metacognitive strategies variable than the reflective scaffolding group. The supportive scaffolding group showed higher spatial ability than the reflective scaffolding group. This study provides engineering educators with an overview of the use of scaffolding types, their effects on the effectiveness of learning environments, and the design of these environments.
Systemic Maternal Human sFLT1 Overexpression Leads to an Impaired Foetal Brain Development of Growth-Restricted Foetuses upon Experimental Preeclampsia

The pregnancy disorder preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by maternal hypertension, increased level of circulating antiangiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1), and reduced placental perfusion, leading to foetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth. All these adverse effects are associated with neurocognitive disorders in the offspring. However, the direct interplay between increased antiangiogenesis during PE and disturbed foetal brain development independent of prematurity has not been investigated yet. To examine foetal brain development in sFLT1-related PE, hsFLT1/rtTA-transgenic mice with systemic (maternal or maternal/fetoplacental) human sFLT1 (hsFLT1) overexpression since 10.5 days postconception (dpc) were used, and histological and molecular analyses of foetal brains were performed at 18.5 dpc. Consequences of elevated hsFLT1 on placental/foetal vascularization and hypoxia of placentas and foetal brains were analysed using the hypoxia markers pimonidazole and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased hypoxia in placentas of PE-affected pregnancies. Moreover, an increase in HO-1 expression was observed upon elevated hsFLT1 in placentas and foetal brains. PE foetuses revealed asymmetrical FGR by increased brain/liver weight ratio. The brain volume was reduced combined with a reduction in the cortical/hippocampal area and an increase of the caudate putamen and its neuroepithelium, which was associated with a reduced cell density in the cortex and increased cell density in the caudate putamen upon hsFLT1 overexpression. Mild influences were observed on brain vasculature shown by free iron deposits and mRNA changes in Vegf signalling. Of note, both types of systemic hsFLT1 overexpression (indirect: maternal or direct: maternal/fetoplacental) revealed similar changes with increasing severity of impaired foetal brain development. Overall, circulating hsFLT1 in PE pregnancies impaired uteroplacental perfusion leading to disturbed foetal oxygenation and brain injury. This might be associated with a disturbed cell migration from the caudate putamen neuroepithelium to the cortex which could be due to disturbed cerebrovascular adaption.
Microsoft Form as a Scaffolding-Based Geometry Learning Media in Online Learning

Geometry learning outcomes are lower than other mathematical fields, so media are needed to overcome students' difficulties solving geometry problems. This study aims to produce a product in online learning media for scaffolding-based geometry materials using Microsoft Form. There are three stages of Research and Development research, namely preliminary research, prototyping, and assessment. The validation results show that the scaffolding-based media developed is valid with a percentage of 76%. Field notes show that the scaffolding-based media developed can be used easily and practically by lecturers and students. A positive response was also given by 30 third semester students who used media in learning circle material. The test results showed that 73% of the total number of students scored no less than 70. Therefore, the scaffolding-based media developed was declared valid, practical, and effective in learning circle material.Hasil belajar geometri lebih rendah dibandingkan bidang matematika lainnya, sehingga diperlukan media untuk mengatasi berbagai kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan geometri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa media pembelajaran online materi geometri berbasis scaffolding menggunakan Microsoft Form. Tiga tahapan penelitian Research and Development penelitian ini yaitu penelitian pendahuluan, pembuatan prototipe, dan asesmen. Hasil validasi menunjukkna bahwa media berbasis scaffolding yang dikembangkan valid dengan persentase 76%. Catatan lapangan menunjukkan media berbasis scaffolding yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan dengan mudah dan praktis oleh dosen maupun mahasiswa. Respon positif juga diberikan oleh 30 mahasiswa semester 3 yang menggunakan media pada pembelajaran materi lingkaran. Hasil tes menunjukkan bahwa 73% dari jumlah mahasiswa mendapatkan nilai tidak kurang dari 70. Oleh karena itu media berbasis scaffolding yang dikembangkan dinyatakan valid, praktis dan efektif dalam pembelajaran materi lingkaran.
Sign Language Mathematics Lecture Video as Assistive Technology for Inclusive Class in Higher Education

This research was motivated by the acceptance of one deaf student in the Department of Computer Science UNNES in the 2020/2021 academic year. Therefore, this research aims to provide the study with efforts to increase the absorption of deaf students in the inclusive class through the discovery of Assistive Technology. The method used in this research is Mixed Method with a qualitative and Research Development (RD) approach. Data collection includes class observations, interviews, triangulation of results, and stages of RD. Research activities include: (1) lecturer of mathematical courses made PPt files, filled in Lecturer's Voice, and filled in Sign Language. (2) Video tested in inclusive class. (3) Finalization of Assistive Technology Videos and the results were noted. Research Results: (1) multi-function video prototypes were obtained for deaf students in inclusive classes in mathematical courses. (2) There was an increase in the activity and absorption of students in the inclusive class. In conclusion, it is necessary to make assistive technology in the form of learning videos that contain sign language to increase the absorption of deaf students in the inclusive class in mathematical courses.Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi telah diterimanya satu mahasiswa Tunarungu pada Jurusan Ilmu Komputer UNNES pada tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan kajian upaya meningkatkan daya serap mahasiswa Tunarungu di kelas Insklusif melalui penemuan Teknologi Asistif. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed method dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan Research Development (RD). Pengumpulan data meliputi; observasi kelas, wawancara, triangulasi hasil, dan tahapan RD. Kegiatan penelitian meliputi: (1) dosen pengampu mata kuliah matematis membuat file PPt, diisi suara dosen, dan diisi Bahasa Isyaratnya. (2) Video diujicobakan di kelas Inklusif. (3) Finalisasi video Teknologi Asistif dan dicatat hasilnya. Hasil penelitian: (1) Diperoleh Prototip video Multi-Fungsi untuk mahasiswa Tunarungu di kelas Inklusif pada mata kuliah matematis. (2) Ada peningkatan aktivitas dan Daya Serap mahasiswa di kelas Inklusif. Kesimpulannya: Untuk meningkatkan daya serap mahasiswa Tunarungu di kelas Insklusif pada mata kuliah matematis, perlu dibuat Teknologi Asistif berupa video pembelajaran yang berisi Bahasa Isyarat.
Employer Perspectives on EAL Employee Writing Problems

In academic disciplines, content rather than writing accuracy is usually emphasized (Hyland, 2013), leaving many English-as-an-additional-language (EAL) students unmotivated to improve writing accuracy. However, the workplace may demand accurate and clear writing. Thus, Ferris (2002, 2011) called for research into employers’ perspectives on inaccurate and unclear writing of EAL employees to help raise academic faculty and EAL student consciousness. To respond to Ferris’ call, this study investigated: (1) employers’ expectations regarding writing accuracy of EAL employees, (2) EAL employees’ language problems in work-related writing, and (3) the impact of writing problems on EAL employees’ employment and career opportunities. The study employed qualitative interviews with 10 Canadian employers for data collection and a grounded theory approach for data analysis. Results indicated that the participants generally maintained the same writing standards for EAL and native-English-speaking (NES) employees. The study showed a disconnect between the academic and professional worlds regarding EAL writing standards. Résumé Dans les disciplines académiques, le contenu est généralement mis en emphase plutôt que l’exactitude de la rédaction (Hyland, 2013), ce qui laisse beaucoup d’étudiants d’anglais en tant que langue additionnelle (ALA) non motivés pour améliorer la précision de leur écrit. Cependant, le milieu de travail peut exiger une rédaction précise et claire. Par conséquent, Ferris (2002, 2011) lance un appel à la recherche sur les perspectives des employeurs quant à l’inexactitude et au manque de clarté dans la rédaction des employés ALA, afin d’aider à conscientiser les professeurs universitaires et les étudiants ALA. Pour répondre à l’appel de Ferris, cette étude a enquêté sur : 1) les attentes des employeurs par rapport à la précision dans les écrits des employés ALA, 2) les problèmes langagiers des employés ALA concernant la rédaction dans le cadre du travail, et 3) l’impact des problèmes d’écriture sur l’emploi et les opportunités de carrière des employés ALA. Cette étude a utilisé des entretiens qualitatifs avec dix employeurs canadiens pour la collecte de données et une approche fondée sur la théorie pour l’analyse de données. Les résultats ont indiqué que les participants maintenaient généralement les mêmes standards de rédaction pour leurs employés ALA et anglophones de naissance (AN). Cette étude a révélé un écart entre le monde académique et celui professionnel en ce qui concerne les standards de rédaction des ALA.
Identification and Comparative Analysis of Conserved and Species-Specific microRNAs in Four Populus Sections

The conservation and diversity of microRNA (miRNA) families provide insights into the evolution of miRNA genes. However, there are few studies to explore the miRNA genes at the genus level in plants. Here, we identified 1194 miRNA loci in four Populus species P. deltoides, P. euphratica, P. tremula, and P. trichocarpa from Aigeiros, Turanga, Populus, and Tacamahaca sections, respectively, by combining de novo and homolog-based approaches. Our results indicated that a similar number of miRNA loci exist in each species (296–301 miRNA loci). Among the identified 143 miRNA families, 68 families are shared by the studied four species, and 31 families are species-specific, which might be related to local adaptation. Additionally, multiple miRNA-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found, indicating that polymorphisms in pre-miRNA hairpins were likely to affect miRNA biogenesis. This study expanded the breadth and depth of miRNA annotations and provided valuable resources for further exploring the diversity and function of poplar miRNAs.
Learner Identity and Lifelong Learning: A Mixed-Method Study

Learning is on the one side happing every day. On the other side, adult participation in (formal and non-formal) learning is low, especially in Germany and for certain subgroups (e.g., with low educational attainment). It is well known that with the acquisition of knowledge over a lifetime many positive findings are associated. Hence, we propose that measuring learner identity might be a helpful construct for predicting and influencing lifelong learning. However, measurement options for learner identity are sparse. Hence, the present paper tries to adapt and validate a scale to measure learner identity. For that, we first adapted the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale questionnaire (Luyckx et al., 2008). Second, internal construct validity and external construct validity were established. For the latter, as in other studies, self-esteem, depressive symptoms (Luyckx et al., 2008) and openness (Crocetti et al., 2008) were used. Curiosity and epistemological beliefs were assessed as well, because according to the division of cognitive labor, we must gain knowledge from different sources to deal with life’s complexity (Bromme, 2005). Third, Marcia’s identity status (1964) was identified using a clustering approach. The mean age of the 124 participants was 21.90 years (SD = 3.23). Most participants were female (80.6%), and the majority were studying for a teaching post at the bachelor’s level (68.5%). Finally, one student per identity status was interviewed (n = 4) using a topic guide based on Marcia’s (1964) identity status interview. In this way, an explanatory mixed-method design was applied (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011). Both, the quantitative and the qualitative approach seem fruitful to assess learner identity. Analysis indicated that learner identity is different from epistemological beliefs. Learner identity is highly relevant to how learning situations are approached and how strong the commitment to learning activities and goals is.
A computational investigation of laminar shock/wave boundary layer interactions

Abstract Hypersonic laminar flow past a compression corner has been numerically investigated using time-accurate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Two flow conditions were considered relevant to high and low enthalpy conditions with a total specific enthalpy of 19MJ/kg and 2·8MJ/kg. The Mach number and unit Reynolds number per metre were 7·5, 9·1 and 3·10 × 105 and 32·2 × 105 respectively. These free stream conditions provided attached, incipiently separated and fully separated flows for ramp angles between θ w = 5° to 24°. A grid independence study has been carried out to estimate the sensitivity of heat flux and skin friction in the strong interaction regions of the flow. The investigation was carried out assuming the flow to be laminar throughout and high temperature effects such as thermal and chemical nonequilibrium are studied using Park’s two temperature model with finite rate chemistry. A critical comparison has been made with existing steady state computational and experimental data and the study has highlighted the importance of high temperature effects on the flow separation and reattachment.
Food Supply Chain Actors’ View on Food Waste and Packaging: A Case Study on Iceberg Lettuce

Food waste is currently a significant problem in today’s society where up to one third of all produced food is wasted before being consumed. The wastage occurs throughout the whole food supply chain but the largest contribution is generated in the households.Food waste is a problem which results in negative effects on the economy, the society as well as the environment. There are a myriad of factors affecting the wastage, one of which being packaging. Reduced waste can be achieved by 13 of packaging’s 19 different features. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons for food waste in the different stages of the food supply chain, how the supply chain actors view food waste and packaging as well as how packaging can potentially reduce food waste. Furthermore, iceberg lettuce is used as a case study to provide a deeper understanding of food waste and packaging related to a specific product. The results of this study involve both food waste in general as well as iceberg lettuce waste. Based on 28 interviews with consumers, retailers, distributors and producers, the results show that all supply chain actors are aware of waste being a problem in the food industry. However, there are a number of obstacles and challenges that need to be overcome in order to reduce the wastage, such as lacking motivation, knowledge and awareness among consumers. Furthermore, actors’ failure in realizing packaging’s potential in reducing food waste, contradicting financial incentives as well as the challenge of maintaining a cold chain are also shown to be factors affecting food wastage in the supply chain. Moreover, five packaging features with the potential to reduce iceberg lettuce waste are identified.
HUBUNGAN ASI EKSKLUSIF TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK PRASEKOLAH DI KECAMATAN GENTENG SURABAYA

Pemenuhan nutrisi merupakan salah satu kebutuhan biologis manusia yang dapat mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkambangan anak. Pemenuhan ASI eksklusif seringkali dikaitkan dengan perkembangan kognitif dan peningkatan daya tahan tubuh bayi namun jarang sekali dikaitkan dengan perkembangan sosial emosional anak. Padahal manfaat lain menyusui ASI secara eksklusif atau durasi yang lebih lama dapat membentuk ikatan antara ibu dan bayi. Ikatan yang terbentuk melalui praktik menyusui ini dapat membangun situasi emosional dilingkungan sosial bayi. Interaksi skin-to-skin akan membentuk rasa cinta, kasih sayang, nyaman, aman, dan damai karena bayi dapat mendengar detak jantung ibu yang telah dikenalnya sejak didalam kandungan. Hal ini sebagai dasar pembentukan kemampuan sosial dan emosionalnya yang terbentuk sejak bayi dan akan berpengaruh ketika mereka dewasa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah ada hubungan antara ASI eksklusif dan perkembangan sosial emosional anak prasekolah di Kecamatan Genteng Surabaya. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional kepada 84 responden dengan teknik random sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dengan alat ukur kuesioner. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil analisis ditemukan nilai p = 0,047 yang artinya p < 0,05 pada hubungan ASI eksklusif terhadap perkembangan sosial emosional anak. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara ASI eksklusif terhadap perkembangan sosial emosional pada anak prasekolah di Kecamatan Genteng Surabaya. Kata Kunci: ASI Eksklusif, Perkembangan Sosial Emosional, Prasekolah
Clinical Features and Body Composition in Men with Hormone-Sensitive Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study Examining Differences by Race

Black men treated with frontline therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) show better clinical outcomes than non-Black men receiving similar treatments. Variations in body composition may contribute to these findings. However, preliminary data are required to support this concept. We conducted a retrospective cohort study for all men with MPC evaluated at our center over a 4-year period, collecting demographic and clinical data (N = 74). Of these, 55 men had diagnostic computed tomography images to quantify adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, specifically sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Nineteen men had repeat imaging to explore changes over time. Frequencies, medians, interquartile ranges, and time to event analyses (hazard ratios (HR); confidence interval (CI)) are presented, stratified by race. Overall, 49% (n = 27) of men had sarcopenia, 49% (n = 27) had myosteatosis, and 29% (n = 16) had sarcopenia and myosteatosis simultaneously. No significant relationship between body mass index (Log-rank p=0.86; HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.45–2.49) or sarcopenia (Log-rankp=0.92; HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.46–2.19) and overall survival was observed. However, the presence of myosteatosis at diagnosis was associated with decreased overall survival (Log-rank p=0.09; HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.05–5.23), with more pronounced (statistically nonsignificant) negative associations for Black (HR: 4.39, 95% CI: 0.92–21.1, p=0.06) versus non-Black men (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 0.79–4.54, p=0.16). Over the median 12.5 months between imaging, the median decline in skeletal muscle was 4% for all men. Black men displayed a greater propensity to gain more adipose tissue than non-Black men, specifically subcutaneous (p=0.01). Because of the potential for Type II errors in this pilot, future studies should seek to further evaluate the implications of body composition on outcomes. This will require larger, adequately powered investigations with diverse patient representation.
Materialism Predicts College Students' Entrepreneurial Intention: A Serial Mediation Model

Entrepreneurship is perceived as a critical pillar for unemployment alleviation and economic growth, especially in the era of COVID-19, which highlights the importance of the entrepreneurial potential of college students. The current research focused on the role of personal values in the entrepreneurial process and investigated the relationship between materialism and entrepreneurial intention among college students. Few studies have been examined this relationship, and the underlying mechanisms were also not identified. From the perspective of personal value, we hypothesized that materialism could positively predict entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, based on McClelland's theory of need for achievement and the theory of planned behavior, a serial mediation model, with achievement motivation and entrepreneurial attitude as the mediators, was proposed. We conducted a correlational study on a sample of 1,002 Chinese university students to examine our hypotheses. They participated in an online survey and completed the measurement of entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial attitude, materialism, and achievement motivation. The hypothesized models were examined through serial mediation bootstrapping procedures. The results showed that materialism positively predicted college students' entrepreneurial intention, and this relationship was serially mediated through achievement motivation and entrepreneurial attitude. Materialism boosted college students' achievement motivation, which in turn was associated with a more positive entrepreneurial attitude and subsequently stronger entrepreneurial intention. The present research is the first to empirically examine this association's mechanism and establish a serial mediation involving achievement motivation and entrepreneurial attitude. For the theoretical contribution, the present research provides a more comprehensive picture of the role of personal values in entrepreneurship by complementing the effect of materialism. And regarding the practical implications, the present research implies the silver lining of materialism and points out a possible way to enhance college students' entrepreneurial intention, i.e., entrepreneurial education could take advantage of the characteristics of materialism and transform the “harmful” value into socially beneficial entrepreneurial intentions through enhancing their achievement motivation and positive attitude toward entrepreneurship.