Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TheNewZealand Index of Neighbourhood Social Fragmentation : integrating theory and data

We report on the development and validation of a neighbourhood measure of social fragmentation. Firstly, we developed a theoretical model of neighbourhood-level social fragmentation, as the structural antecedent to collective social functioning, with three domains (attachment, resources, and means of sharing of norms and values). Secondly, utilising the New Zealand 1996 and 2001 Censuses, variables were constructed to create the New Zealand Index of Neighbourhood Social Fragmentation (NeighFrag) at the small-area level. Nine census variables contributed substantively to a principal components analysis: homeownership, mobility, marital status, nonfamily households, single-person households, children, immigrants, non-English/Ma ori speakers, and longterm residents. Thirdly, relationships between NeighFrag and other contextual measures were examined, as well as its relationship with individual perceptions of neighbourhood cohesion. The NeighFrag index had a moderate association with deprivation and social capital. It was inversely associated with individual perception of neighbourhood cohesion in multilevel analyses, after adjusting for individual factors and neighbourhood deprivation. Combined, this suggests that NeighFrag provides a meaningful national-level index of neighbourhood social environments for use in analyses.
Aerodynamic Optimization of Coaxial Rotor in Hover and Axial Flight

The paper presents an aerodynamic optimization of a coaxial rotor system in hover and axial flight. For that purpose, a suitable theorem of calculus of variations that provides a new generic result is employed. The analysis is founded on the Blade Element-Momentum Theory, which is based on nonlinear aerodynamics and mutual (interactional) influences that are introduced by the induced downwash field of each rotor over the other. The influence of non-uniformity of the downwash distribution on the optimal design was also studied. The analysis supplies an important insight into the optimal design and efficiency of coaxial rotor systems. The formulation is consistently generic and enables the exploration of a wide range of coaxial configurations.
Impact of agriculture intensification on forest degradation and tree carbon stock; promoting multi‐criteria optimization for restoration in Central India

Forest conservation entails both halting destruction and protecting the state of the forest's vegetation. Monitoring forest cover and restoring degraded forests are critical ecological aspects for India's forestry sector's long‐term growth. Cropland expansion and intensification are the primary approaches for increasing agricultural productivity in response to increased biomass demand, but they are also major drivers of biodiversity loss. We evaluated the ecosystem carbon (C) stock and sequestration potential for dry deciduous forests while assessing the drivers of forest degradation in Central India to advance scientific knowledge and minimize the anthropogenic C emissions from prevalent agriculture intensification in the region. A multi‐criteria optimization approach was used to identify the priority areas forrestoration and quantify the magnitude of drivers of biodiversity loss in the region by investigating the links between forest carbon stock, agriculture intensification, and altering forest structure at various degrees of forest disturbance. The total existing carbon stock of trees in study area during March 2020, was 199.12 Mg C ha−1. Overall carbon stock of these forests showed a significant correlation with disturbance levels (r = 0.50). Changes in vegetation especially to intensive agriculture practices have resulted in loss of carbon stocks and will cause large‐scale forest decline if not addressed immediately. Considering the rapid loss of forests in situation where India has to fulfill Nationally Determined Contributions to UNFCCC, Forest Landscape Restoration becomes priority and needs specialized efforts with enhanced funding to reduce and halt loss of forests.
Chondrocytes for the Repair of Focal Articular Cartilage Defects in a Rabbit Model Treatment Outcomes of Alginate-Embedded Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus Autologous

http://ajs.sagepub. com/content/40/1/83 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0363546511420819 2012 40: 83 originally published online September 13, 2011 Am J Sports Med Selvaratnam and T. Kamarul Liang Xin Tay, Raja Elina Ahmad, Havva Dashtdar, K.W. Tay, T. Masjuddin, S. Ab-Rahim, Pan Pan Chong, L. Chondrocytes for the Repair of Focal Articular Cartilage Defects in a Rabbit Model Treatment Outcomes of Alginate-Embedded Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus Autologous
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF DIETARY CALCIUM ON THE CARCASS AND SENSORY QUALITIES OF GIANT AFRICAN LAND SNAILS ( Archachatina marginata )

Department of Animal Production, Department of Forest Resources Management, Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin. ITAD Ltd, Hove, U.K. Corresponding Author: email: badmos111@yahoo.com A study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of different sources of calcium in the diet of growing giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata). A total of 48 snails, averagely aged 3 months were randomly allocated to four (4) treatments and each treatment was replicated three times with four snails per replicate in a completely randomized design, for a 12 week period. Diets were formulated to contain 6% calcium of various sources: bone meal (BM) as Treatment1 (T1), oyster shell (OS) as T2, limestone (L) as T3, and egg shell (ES) as T4. The results showed that L retained calcium most (p>0.05), OS diets supported highest edible carcass values, but sensory values and dressing percentage of the meat were not significantly affected (p>0.05). It was concluded that all the calcium sources used for experimental diets (oyster shell, bone meal, lime stone and egg shell) could be used successfully for snail production.
U.S. Immigration Reform and the Dynamics of Mexican Migration

The 1986 US Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) was directed at tackling the problem of growing unauthorized migration through legalization of unauthorized immigrants, increasing border security and sanctioning employers who hired unauthorized immigrants. Our paper investigates how the IRCA affected the migration dynamics of Mexican immigrants focusing on their age of onset of migration and the duration of their first trip. We find that the IRCA had a positive effect in reducing unauthorized migration to the US. Although primarily aiming at unauthorized immigration, the IRCA had substantial effects on legal migration through its legalization program.
Patterns of Parental Reactions to Their Children’s Negative Emotions: A Cluster Analysis with a Clinical Sample

Parents’ emotion socialization practices are an important source of influence in the development of children’s emotional competencies This study examined parental reactions to child negative emotions in a clinical sample using a cluster analysis approach and explored the associations between clusters of parents’ reactions and children’s and parents’ adjustment. The sample comprised 80 parents of Portuguese children (aged 3–13 years) attending a child and adolescent psychiatry unit. Measures to assess parental reactions to children’s negative emotions, parents’ psychopathological symptoms, parents’ emotion dysregulation, and children’s adjustment were administered to parents. Model-based cluster analysis resulted in three clusters: low unsupportive, high supportive, and inconsistent reactions clusters. These clusters differed significantly in terms of parents’ psychopathological symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and children’s adjustment. A pattern characterized by high supportive reactions to the child’s emotions was associated with higher levels of children’s adjustment. On the other hand, an inconsistent reactions pattern was associated with the worst indicators of children’s adjustment and parental emotion dysregulation. These results suggest the importance of supporting parents of children with emotional and behavioural problems so that they can be more responsive to their children’s emotional manifestations.
SYMBOLIC POWERS OF PRIME IDEALS AND THEIR TOPOLOGY

For a prime ideal P of a commutative Noetherian ring R a necessary and sufficient condition is given to determine when the P-adic topology is equivalent, resp. linearly equivalent, to the P-symbolic topology. The last means that the symbolic Rees ring is a finitely generated module over the ordinary Rees ring of P. Then it is considered when the integral closure of all the powers of P are primary. 1. Introduction and main results. Let R denote a commutative Noetherian ring. For a prime ideal P of R we define P(n) = P"RP n R, the «th symbolic power of P. Note that P(n) is equal to the uniquely determined P-primary component of P". In (3, §7), R. Hartshorne writes: "A general question, whose solution is quite com- plicated, is to determine when the P-adic topology is equivalent to the P-symbolic topology. " Here the P-symbolic topology denotes the topology defined by the symbolic powers P(n), « 3s 1, of P. In the following we shall give a complete solution to this problem. For an arbitrary ideal I oi R note that the sets Ass R/I" stabilize
Skills and employment transitions in Brazil

This paper analyses employment transitions and workers’ skills in Brazil using a random sample from the universe of formal labour contracts covering the period from 2003 to 2018. We develop a novel procedure to derive a measure of occupational distance and internationally comparable skill measures from occupations’ task descriptions in the country under analysis based on machine learning and natural language processing methods, but without usual ad hoc classifications. Our findings confirm that workers who use non-routine cognitive skills intensively experience the highest employment growth rates and wages. Their labour market exit risk is relatively low, occupational and sectoral changes are least common and, in the case of occupational switching, non-routine cognitive workers tend to find occupations that are higher-paid and closer in terms of their task content. Against the same characteristics, routine and non-routine manual workers are worse off in the labour market. Overall, there have been signs of routine-biased technological change and employment polarization since the 2014 Brazilian economic crisis.
Trimorphism in zinc sulfide

Experimental evidence was found for the existence of a third polymorphic modification of zinc sulfide. In addition to p zinc sulfide (zincblende or sphalerite) and a zinc sulfide (wurtzite) structures, a three-layer rhombohedral structure was found to occur in the temperature range of approximately 600' c. to 1020" c. This structure is similar to the zincblende structure referred to hexagonal axes wherein the c and o dimensions are slightly altered. rn conformity with conventional nomenclature it is designated 7-zinc sulfide. The experimental evidence for the existence of rhombohedral zinc sulfide is the fine structure of cubic (lll) r-tay reflections as observed with high resolution spectrometer studies on pure zinc sulfide heated for various temoeratures and cuenched. The role of the rhombohedral phase in the sphaleiite-to-rhombohedral-to-wurtzire Iransformation has been studied.
Analysis in a digital environment of the multi-storey arrangement of the Gregorian Cadastre of Bologna (Italy) - XIX century

The presented research focusses on the first establishment urban map of the nineteenth century Gregorian Cadastre of Bologna, kept today at the National Archive of the city. In this cadastral cartography the city is divided into some sectors; for each sector – unique case in the Gregorian Cadastre – there are ground floor maps and maps for the floors above (5 floors) and below (2 floors). The present study aims to acquire a deep understanding of this rare multi-storey arrangement of the cadastral maps, focusing on a little but special group of cadastral lots in the centre of the city. By means of the graphical information stored in the georeferenced maps, coupled with the written one in the cadastral registers, a reconstruction of the horizontal and vertical extent of the cadastral proprieties which overlap each other on the little group of lots was possible, and the result was displayed by means of a three-dimensional digital model. By comparing the latter to the appearance of the city given by both previous scenographic maps and the reality of today, it is possible to state that the multi-storey structure of the Gregorian Cadastre of Bologna was not intended to describe the vertical extent of the buildings, but to experiment with a tool for raising taxes on urban buildings in a more precise way, by means of criteria which seem to anticipate the subsequent land register recording by real estate units. Unfortunately, the sophistication of such a system probably advised against its extension to other realities of the Papal State, making the Bologna experiment an isolate – even if for this reason more interesting – attempt.
Fabrication of Carbon-Carbon Composite Ion Thruster Grids-Improvement of Structural Strength

Carbon-carbon composite grids were fabricated for a 14-cm diameter xenon ion thruster. New fabrication techniques were devised to improve their structural strength. The basic idea is to minimize the number of carbon fibers cut by making grid holes. PAN-based high-strength carbon fibers Toray T300 were chosen among three kinds of candidates. The screen grid, which has a large open area fraction, was fabricated by a special forming. Resin-impregnated carbon fiber bundles were arranged among an array of pins which were arranged at grid hole positions. Then, they were formed into a screen grid through polymerization and carbonization by hot-pressing. By this way, carbon fibers constituting the grid webbing remained effectively uncut in making grid holes. At present, hole finishing has to be made by electric discharge machining. Improvement is being continued to eliminate the electric discharge machining by conditioning the polymerization and carbonization processes. Accelerator grid substrates were made by hot-pressing laminated fabrics of triaxial weave. Grid holes were drilled by mechanical machining. After optimizing the machining process, the accelerator grid was successfully fabricated.
A whole system study of intermediate care services for older people 577 24

Background: intermediate care (IC) services have been widely introduced in England and have the strategic objectives of reducing hospital and long-term care use. There is uncertainty about the clinical outcomes of these services and whether their strategic aims will be realised. Setting: a metropolitan city in northern England. Design: a quasi-experimental study comparing a group of older people before and after the introduction of an IC service. A quota sampling method was used to match the groups. Subjects: patients presenting as emergency admissions to two elderly care departments with falls, confusion, incontinence or immobility. Intervention: a city-wide service in which a joint care management team (multi-agency, multi-disciplinary) assessed patient need and purchased support and rehabilitation from sector-based IC teams. Outcomes: Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living score, Barthel Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression score, mortality, readmission to hospital, and new institutional care placement at 3, 6 and 12 months post-recruitment. Results: there were 800 and 848 patients, respectively, in the control and intervention groups. Clinical outcomes, hospital and long-term care use were similar between the groups. Uptake of IC was lower than anticipated at 29%. An embedded case–control study comparing the 246 patients who received IC with a matched sample from the control group demonstrated similar clinical outcomes but increased hospital bed days used over 12 months (mean +8 days; 95% CI 3.1–13.0). Conclusion: this city-wide IC service was associated with similar clinical outcomes but did not achieve its strategic objectives of reducing long-term care and hospital use.
Association of perceived stress with changes in physical activity and sitting time before and during COVID-19 pandemic among college students.

OBJECTIVE To examine the association of perceived stress [PS] with physical activity [PA] and sitting time [ST], before and during COVID-19 among US college students. Participants: 592 students from a large Western university (19.08 ± 4.62 years, 76.69% female, 79.39% White) were recruited. Methods: Self-reported online survey was completed in June-December 2020. Analysis included paired T-tests for continuous variables, Pearson Correlation the relationship between PSS, PA, and sitting time before and during COVID-19, and linear mixed models examined the association of outcome variables with PSS, time, and PSS × time. Results. Vigorous, moderate, and light PA decreased by 40%, 35% and 19%, sitting time increased by 52%, and PSS increase by 42% from before to during COVID-19. Conclusions: The perceived stress during COVID-19 may have influenced physical activity and sitting time. Effective health promotion programs and coping strategies are needed to protect college students as campuses reopen during COVID.
Silent Pauses in the Speech of Yemeni EFL Learners

Speaking fluently is characterized not only by the speed of oral delivery but also by the absence of non-fluent pauses. This paper aims at investigating the pausing phenomena in the speech of the Yemeni learners of English. It investigated three aspects of silent pauses, the frequency, the placement and the length. The data were collected from 20 level four students enrolled in the Department English Language, Faculty of Education, Taiz University. The participants were recorded narrating the events of a short silent video immediately after watching it. Data were analyzed quantitatively utilizing the waveform spectrogram software called PRAAT. The findings showed that the Yemeni EFL learners overused non-fluent silent pauses. Additionally, they paused in the middle of the clauses rather than at the clause boundaries. With respect to the mean length of silent pauses, the speech of the EFL learners at Taiz University was full of long silent pauses which took one-third of the total speaking time. Therefore, it is highly suggested that the teachers of English should draw the learners’ attention to the notion of pausing and its effect on speaking fluency in order to lessen or avoid it. Teachers should also vary their activities to help the learners speak fluently without much pausing.
Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen balance in Australian farmlands

Farms producing crops and animal products occupy 14% of the Australian land mass. Within this agricultural land, 7% consists of intensive industries (dairy, horticulture and viticulture, sugar cane, cotton, irrigated cereals and feedlots) for which the input of fertiliser nitrogen (N) is typical of such industries worldwide. The sugar and dairy industries are adjacent to populated and environmentally fragile water bodies where nitrate (and phosphate) runoff and leaching contributes to water pollution. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of these industries is low but NUE for the inland irrigated rice and cotton industries are relatively high. The remaining 93% of agricultural land grows dryland crops and animal products (wheat, coarse grains, canola, grain legumes, cattle meat, sheep meat, and wool) partly from continuous crops, partly permanent pasture and partly from phased crop-pasture systems. Until the mid-1990s the source of most of the N in dryland crops was from mining the soil organic matter and increasingly, since the 1950s, from N built up from biological N-fixation by legumebased pastures grown in phased rotation. Export of N in products from dryland farms exceeded the input from N fertiliser. Since the mid 1990s N fertiliser input increased to an average of about 45 kg N ha, only about half of which is taken up by crops. Of the rest, most is retained in the soil after harvest and about one quarter is lost from denitrification, ammonia volatilisation and leaching. Overuse of N fertiliser in dryland farming is rare because neither products nor fertiliser are subsidised. Arid and semi-arid land occupies 86% of the continent, half of which is not used for production and the other half produces cattle meat, sheep meat and wool with no fertiliser input. The source of N is rain, biological N fixation and redistribution from dust, the amounts of which are greater than the controlled N inputs in the agricultural regions. The feature of N cycling in Australia that distinguishes it from other developed countries is the importance of natural N sources, reflecting the extensive and relatively young agricultural system.
Climatological distribution of aragonite saturation state in the global oceans

Aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) in surface and subsurface waters of the global oceans was calculated from up‐to‐date (through the year of 2012) ocean station dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) data. Surface Ωarag in the open ocean was always supersaturated (Ω > 1), ranging between 1.1 and 4.2. It was above 2.0 (2.0–4.2) between 40°N and 40°S but decreased toward higher latitude to below 1.5 in polar areas. The influences of water temperature on the TA/DIC ratio, combined with the temperature effects on inorganic carbon equilibrium and apparent solubility product (K′sp), explain the latitudinal differences in surface Ωarag. Vertically, Ωarag was highest in the surface mixed layer. Higher hydrostatic pressure, lower water temperature, and more CO2 buildup from biological activity in the absence of air‐sea gas exchange helped maintain lower Ωarag in the deep ocean. Below the thermocline, aerobic decomposition of organic matter along the pathway of global thermohaline circulation played an important role in controlling Ωarag distributions. Seasonally, surface Ωarag above 30° latitudes was about 0.06 to 0.55 higher during warmer months than during colder months in the open‐ocean waters of both hemispheres. Decadal changes of Ωarag in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans showed that Ωarag in waters shallower than 100 m depth decreased by 0.10 ± 0.09 (−0.40 ± 0.37% yr−1) on average from the decade spanning 1989–1998 to the decade spanning 1998–2010.
An exploratory study of composite cross-laminated timber (CCLT) made from bamboo and hemlock-fir mix

This work investigated the feasibility of manufacturing composite cross-laminated timber (CCLT) from bamboo and a western hemlock and amabilis fir mix (hem-fir). Bamboo parallel strand lumber (bamboo PSL) was first fabricated as the surface laminae of CCLT. No. 2 and Btr 2×6 western hem-fir dimension lumber was imported from British Columbia (BC), Canada. The lumber was then sorted and further dried to form the inner laminae of CCLT. Multiple 800 × 800-mm CLT billets were fabricated using a commercial single-component polyurethane (PUR) adhesive. Block shear and delamination tests were conducted to examine the bond quality and durability of bamboo-wood CCLT. The results demonstrated that it is technically feasible to manufacture bamboo-wood CCLT with acceptable bond quality (shear strength, wood failure percentage, etc.) and delamination. Further studies should focus on the optimization of process parameters for manufacturing and surface treatment to improve the bond quality and durability and quantify the mechanical performance of bamboo-wood CCLT with a full-size production trial.