Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between the High-Energy Continuum and Emission Lines in Quasars: A Low-Redshift Sample

Quasar emission lines are sensitive to both the luminosity and shape of the quasars' high energy continuum - primarily in the soft X-ray and the (obscured) extreme ultraviolet. We initiate the first large-scale, multi-line investigation of correlations between the QSO soft X-ray continuum and UV line emission, using an IUE/Einstein sample. We characterize the distributions of line equivalent and velocity widths (EW and FWHM) of 85 QSOs in the IUE atlas of Lanzetta et al. (1993), using a new error analysis for objective, automated line measurements, and contrast measured line parameters to the QSO continuum spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We find significant correlations between EW and UV luminosity (e.g., the well-studied Baldwin effect) for Lya, CIV, HeII, and CIII. EW(CIII) and EW(HeII) show previously unreported correlations with Lx which for CIII appears to be primary. The line ratios CIII/Lya and HeII/Lya both show strongest dependence on Lx. EW(Lya) correlates strongly with spectral slopes \alpha_{uv} and \alpha_{ox}, but NOT with Lx. We argue that one simple geometrical interpretation of the Baldwin effect (BEff) as a result of a distribution of disk inclinations is not plausible. The BEff weakens or disappears when line emission is correctly compared to the luminosity in the continuum bandpass relevant to its production, which suggests that the BEff is due to a change in SED with luminosity. Our prediction that no BEff relative to X-ray luminosity should be found for FeII or MgII emission lines, will be tested in a later paper, extended to a wider redshift/luminosity range.
Pollen assemblage variability of Apis mellifera honeys (Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina)

Abstract The pollen assemblage of 27 honey samples produced by Apis mellifera from three apiaries in the Diamante department, Entre Ríos (Argentina) were analysed. The study area is highly anthropised with cereal, oilseed and forage crops. The samples were obtained sequentially over four apicultural seasons (1999–2000; 2000–2001; 2001–2002; 2002–2003). In each season, one to three honey extractions, corresponding to the initial (I), middle (II) and final (III) productive periods, were made. Pollen assemblage of the honey reflected the study area vegetation. Monofloral honey were exclusively from exotic species, mainly of the dominant crops. Monofloral honey of Lotus corniculatus, Melilotus albus, Medicago sativa, Ammi, Glycine max and ‘clovers’ were obtained. The monofloral honey corresponded to 87.5%, 50% and 66%, respectively, to the honeys obtained in each productive period over the four apicultural seasons. The intra-annual variation of the samples responded to the phenology of the plant species. The inter-annual variations were associated with differential foraging, and the amount of precipitation during the apicultural period. Significant variations were observed when each apiary is compared to itself in different apicultural seasons, and in identical productive periods. Apis mellifera used a fraction of the available flora as nectar resources. The number of plant species visited remained relatively constant throughout the productive periods although it was higher during the apicultural seasons with lower rainfall.
Causes of Mortality of Dairy Cattle Diagnosed by Complete Necropsy

Simple Summary Necropsy of dairy cattle is an important diagnostic tool, often more definitive or differing from the perceptions of dairy farm personnel in diagnosing the cause of death. This retrospective case series summarized the primary causes of death in all dairy animals diagnosed at necropsy from Utah and other states, mostly in the Intermountain West of the U.S. Some fatal diseases in dairy cattle that might be expected to be diagnosed ante-mortem were detected. Necropsy diagnosis is a guide to changes in management or preventive practices to reduce the rate of deaths in dairy herds. Abstract This retrospective case series summarized the primary causes of death in 857 dairy cattle necropsied from 2008 to 2019 at the Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, from dairy farms in Utah (76%), Idaho (16%) or other states (8%), primarily in the U.S. Intermountain West. Of cattle with age provided, 74% matched with body weight based estimates for those with no age stated. Cattle ranged from fetuses at 60 days of gestation to 9 years old. Primary cause of mortality was diagnosed in 833 cattle (97%); no cause was evident in 24 cattle (3%). Sexes were female 620 (72%), male 214 (25%), not recorded 23 (3%). Seven diseases killed 80% of the animals: gastrointestinal disease (most enteritis/colitis) 318 (37%); pneumonia 166 (19%); abortion 96 (11%), peritonitis 30 (4%), omphalophlebitis (navel ill) 27 (3%), abomasitis 23 (3%), and metritis 23 (3%). Etiologic agents and specific causes varied with age categories of the animals. Young calves that died from dystocia, omphalophlebitis, or congenital abnormality often presented with no suspicion of those causes by the owners because of no external signs. Some important fatal diseases of adult dairy cows that are often diagnosed ante-mortem were diagnosed at necropsy with no suspicion by those submitting the carcasses: metritis, hardware disease, and displaced abomasum. Multicentric lymphoma was a relatively important cause of death in cows more than 4 years old. Despite use of a toxicology laboratory, toxicity was only diagnosed as causing 1% of the deaths across all ages of dairy cattle. There were numerous other causes of mortality diagnosed as well. Necropsy is a vital tool to diagnose causes of death in dairy cattle and can guide changes in management or preventive practices to reduce the rate of deaths in dairy herds.
Environmental Expenditure Disclosure, Corporate Social Responsibility and Accounting Information Quality

This research examines the impact of environmental expenditure, environmental disclosure, and corporate social responsibility disclosure on the quality of accounting information. The quality of accounting information provided by companies has been highly doubtful in recent years, hence this research aims to connect it to non-financial information comprising of, environmental cost and corporate social responsibility disclosures. The population of this research consists of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. This research uses purposive sampling to obtain 105 samples. The double regression analysis method was used. The result shows that both environmental and corporate social responsibility disclosures increase the quality of accounting information, while environmental expenditure disclosures do not affect the quality of the accounting information. An environmental expenditure disclosure is one of the voluntary disclosures which are part of management accounting, so the stakeholders, including the investors, tend not to consider that information in their investment decision-making, since management accounting is used mostly by the internal management.
ACTIVITY IN GALACTIC NUCLEI OF COMPACT GROUP GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE

We study the nuclear activity of galaxies in local compact groups. We use a spectroscopic sample of 238 galaxies in 58 compact groups from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7 to estimate the fraction of active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxies in compact groups, and to compare it with those in cluster and field regions. We use emission-line ratio diagrams to identify AGN host galaxies and find that the AGN fraction of compact group galaxies is 17%–42% depending on the AGN classification method. The AGN fraction in compact groups is not the highest among the galaxy environments. This trend remains even if we use several subsamples segregated by galaxy morphology and optical luminosity. The AGN fraction for early-type galaxies decreases with increasing galaxy number density, but the fraction for late-type galaxies changes little. We find no mid-infrared detected AGN host galaxies in our sample of compact groups using Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data. These results suggest that the nuclear activity of compact group galaxies (mostly early types) is not strong because of lack of gas supply even though they may experience frequent galaxy–galaxy interactions and mergers that could trigger nuclear activity.
A Comprehensive Traffic Volume Study of Qasim Chowk Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

Any unplanned town is likely to face multiple issues as the population rises; such as; traffic congestion problems vehicles increases with a rise in population, industrial development, business operations, etc. Hyderabad is a major jobs hub for nearly 5 million individuals from both Hyderabad and rural regions. Attracting individuals who are looking for a job. Therefore, during peak hours traffic congestion is evident. The study goal is to discover reasons and solutions for congestion. For them, we will conduct surveys, evaluate and attempt to provide the best alternatives to enhance effectiveness, customer comfort, and intersection and reduce accident danger. This study provides an assessment of paths beginning from the different directions of Qasim Chowk in terms of traffic quantity, traffic conditions at junctions, and people's traffic patterns. This type of case study can help enhance traffic conditions by implementing the easy alternative sand suggestions given in this report.
Probing the Dragonfish star-forming complex: the ionizing population of the young massive cluster Mercer 30

The Dragonfish Nebula has been recently claimed to be powered by a superluminous but elusive OB association. Instead, systematic searches in near-infrared photometric surveys have found many other cluster candidates on this sky region. Among these, the first confirmed young massive cluster was Mercer 30, where Wolf-Rayet stars were found. We perform a new characterization of Mercer 30 with unprecedented accuracy, combining NICMOS/HST and VVV photometric data with multi-epoch ISAAC/VLT H- and K-band spectra. Stellar parameters for most of spectroscopically observed cluster members are found through precise non-LTE atmosphere modeling with the CMFGEN code. Our spectrophotometric study for this cluster yields a new, revised distance of d = (12.4 +- 1.7) kpc and a total of Q = 6.70 x 10^50 Lyman ionizing photons. A cluster age of (4.0 +- 0.8) Myr is found through isochrone fitting, and a total mass of (1.6 +- 0.6) x 10^4 Msol is estimated thanks to our extensive knowledge of the post-main-sequence population. As a consequence, membership of Mercer 30 to the Dragonfish star-forming complex is confirmed, allowing us to use this cluster as a probe for the whole complex, which turns out to be extremely large (400 pc across) and located at the outer edge of the Sagittarius-Carina spiral arm (11 kpc from the Galactic Center). The Dragonfish complex hosts 19 young clusters or cluster candidates (including Mercer 30 and a new candidate presented in this work) and an estimated minimum of 9 field Wolf-Rayet stars. The sum of all these contributions accounts for, at least, 73% of the Dragonfish Nebula ionization and leaves little or no room for the alleged superluminous OB association; alternative explanations are discussed.
Chemical enrichment and physical conditions in I Zw 18

Abridged. Low-metallicity star-forming dwarf galaxies are prime targets to understand the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium. The HI region provides important constraints on the dispersal and mixing of heavy elements released by successive star-formation episodes. Our primary objective is to study the enrichment of the HI region and the interplay between star-formation history and metallicity evolution. We observed the most metal-poor star-forming galaxy in the Local Universe, I Zw 18, with Hubble/COS. The abundances in the neutral gas are derived from far-UV absorption-lines (HI, CII, CII*, NI, OI, .) and are compared to the abundances in the HII region. Models are constructed to calculate the ionization structure and the thermal processes. We investigate the gas cooling in the HI region through physical diagnostics drawn from the fine-structure level of C+. We find that HI region abundances are lower by a factor of ~2 as compared to the HII region. There is no differential depletion on dust between the HI and HII region. Using sulfur as a metallicity tracer, we calculate a metallicity of 1/46 solar (vs. 1/31 in the HII region). From the study of abundance ratios, we propose that C, N, O, and Fe are mainly produced in massive stars. We argue that the HI envelope may contain pockets of pristine gas with a metallicity essentially null. Finally, we derive the physical conditions in the HI region by investigating the CII* absorption line. The cooling rate derived from CII* is consistent with collisions with H atoms in the diffuse neutral gas. We calculate the star-formation rate from the CII* cooling rate assuming that photoelectric effect on dust is the dominant gas heating mechanism. Our determination is in good agreement with the values in the literature if we assume a low dust-to-gas ratio (~2000 times lower than the Milky Way value).
HIGH-RESOLUTION CO OBSERVATION OF THE CARBON STAR CIT 6 REVEALING THE SPIRAL STRUCTURE AND A NASCENT BIPOLAR OUTFLOW

CIT 6 is a carbon star in the transitional phase from the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) to the protoplanetary nebulae (pPNs). Observational evidences of two point sources in the optical, circumstellar arc segments in an HC3N line emission, and a bipolar nebula in near-infrared provide strong support for the presence of a binary companion. Hence, CIT 6 is very attractive for studying the role of companions in the AGB–pPN transition. We have carried out high-resolution 12CO J = 2–1 and 13CO J = 2–1 observations of CIT 6 with the Submillimeter Array combined with the Submillimeter Telescope (single-dish) data. The 12CO channel maps reveal a spiral-shell pattern connecting the HC3N segments in a continuous form and an asymmetric outflow corresponding to the near-infrared bipolar nebula. Rotation of the 12CO channel peak position may be related to the inner spiral winding and/or the bipolar outflow. An eccentric orbit binary is suggested for the presence of an anisotropic mass loss to the west and a double spiral pattern. The lack of interarm emission to the west may indicate a feature corresponding to the periastron passage of a highly eccentric orbit of the binary. Spatially averaged radial and spectral profiles of 12CO J = 2–1 and 13CO J = 2–1 are compared with simple spherical radiative transfer models, suggesting a change of 12CO/13CO abundance ratio from ∼30 to ∼50 inward in the CSE of CIT 6. The millimeter continuum emission is decomposed into extended dust thermal emission (spectral index ∼ −2.4) and compact emission from radio photosphere (spectral index ∼ −2.0).
GRB 161219B/SN 2016jca: a powerful stellar collapse

We report observations and analysis of the nearby gamma-ray burst GRB 161219B (redshift z = 0.1475) and the associated Type Ic supernova (SN) 2016jca. GRB 161219B had an isotropic gamma-ray energy of ∼1.6 × 1050 erg. Its afterglow is likely refreshed at an epoch preceding the first photometric points (0.6 d), which slows down the decay rates. Combined analysis of the SN light curve and multiwavelength observations of the afterglow suggest that the GRB jet was broad during the afterglow phase (full opening angle ∼42° ± 3°). Our spectral series shows broad absorption lines typical of GRB supernovae (SNe), which testify to the presence of material with velocities up to ∼0.25c. The spectrum at 3.73 d allows for the very early identification of an SN associated with a GRB. Reproducing it requires a large photospheric velocity ($35\, 000 \pm 7000$ km s−1). The kinetic energy of the SN is estimated through models to be Ekin≈4 × 1052 erg in spherical symmetry. The ejected mass in the explosion was Mej≈6.5 ± 1.5 M⊙, much less than that of other GRB-SNe, demonstrating diversity among these events. The total amount of 56Ni in the explosion was 0.27 ± 0.05 M⊙. The observed spectra require the presence of freshly synthesized 56Ni at the highest velocities, at least three times more than a standard GRB-SN. We also find evidence for a decreasing 56Ni abundance as a function of decreasing velocity. This suggests that SN 2016jca was a highly aspherical explosion viewed close to on-axis, powered by a compact remnant. Applying a typical correction for asymmetry, the energy of SN 2016jca was ∼(1–3) × 1052 erg, confirming that most of the energy produced by GRB-SNe goes into the kinetic energy of the SN ejecta.
CHEMICAL ABUNDANCE EVIDENCE OF ENDURING HIGH STAR FORMATION RATES IN AN EARLY-TYPE GALAXY: HIGH [Ca/Fe] IN NGC 5128 GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

We present [Fe/H], ages, and Ca abundances for an initial sample of 10 globular clusters in NGC 5128 obtained from high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio echelle spectra of their integrated light. All abundances and ages are obtained using our original technique for high-resolution integrated light abundance analysis of globular clusters. The clusters have a range in [Fe/H] between −1.6 and −0.2. In this sample, the average [Ca/Fe] for clusters with [Fe/H] <−0.4 is +0.37 ± 0.07, while the average [Ca/Fe] in our Milky Way (MW) and M31 GC samples is +0.29 ± 0.09 and +0.24 ± 0.10, respectively. This may imply a more rapid chemical enrichment history for NGC 5128 than for either the MW or M31. This sample provides the first quantitative picture of the chemical history of NGC 5128 that is directly comparable to what is available for the MW. Data presented here were obtained with the MIKE echelle spectrograph on the Magellan Clay Telescope.
Drumhead Surface States and Topological Nodal-Line Fermions in TlTaSe2

A topological nodal-line semimetal is a new condensed matter state with one-dimensional bulk nodal lines and two-dimensional drumhead surface bands. Based on first-principles calculations and our effective k . p model, we propose the existence of topological nodal-line fermions in the ternary transition- metal chalcogenide TlTaSe2. The noncentrosymmetric structure and strong spin-orbit coupling give rise to spinful nodal-line bulk states which are protected by a mirror reflection symmetry of this compound. This is remarkably distinguished from other proposed nodal-line semimetals such as Cu3NPb(Zn) in which nodal lines exist only in the limit of vanishing spin-orbit coupling. We show that the drumhead surface states in TlTaSe2, which are associated with the topological nodal lines, exhibit an unconventional chiral spin texture and an exotic Lifshitz transition as a consequence of the linkage among multiple drumhead surface-state pockets.
Statistical and dynamical properties of covariant lyapunov vectors in a coupled atmosphere-ocean model—multiscale effects, geometric degeneracy, and error dynamics

We study a simplified coupled atmosphere-ocean model using the formalism of covariant Lyapunov vectors (CLVs), which link physically-based directions of perturbations to growth/decay rates. The model is obtained via a severe truncation of quasi-geostrophic equations for the two fluids, and includes a simple yet physically meaningful representation of their dynamical/thermodynamical coupling. The model has 36 degrees of freedom, and the parameters are chosen so that a chaotic behaviour is observed. There are two positive Lyapunov exponents (LEs), sixteen negative LEs, and eighteen near-zero LEs. The presence of many near-zero LEs results from the vast time-scale separation between the characteristic time scales of the two fluids, and leads to nontrivial error growth properties in the tangent space spanned by the corresponding CLVs, which are geometrically very degenerate. Such CLVs correspond to two different classes of ocean/atmosphere coupled modes. The tangent space spanned by the CLVs corresponding to the positive and negative LEs has, instead, a non-pathological behaviour, and one can construct robust large deviations laws for the finite time LEs, thus providing a universal model for assessing predictability on long to ultra-long scales along such directions. Interestingly, the tangent space of the unstable manifold has substantial projection on both atmospheric and oceanic components. The results show the difficulties in using hyperbolicity as a conceptual framework for multiscale chaotic dynamical systems, whereas the framework of partial hyperbolicity seems better suited, possibly indicating an alternative definition for the chaotic hypothesis. They also suggest the need for an accurate analysis of error dynamics on different time scales and domains and for a careful set-up of assimilation schemes when looking at coupled atmosphere-ocean models.
OPTIMIZATION OF PROTOCORM-LIKE BODIES TISSUE CULTURE AND CLONAL PROPAGATION CONDITIONS FOR ENDANGERED LADY ’ S SLIPPER ORCHID ( P aphiopedilum niveum ( Rchb . f . ) Stein )

Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb. f.) Stein is an endangered orchid species and has been listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix I. Its propagation has been limited due to the fact that the explants are difficult to maintain in culture. The present study was to evaluate clonal propagation of P. niveum from two explant types; protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and callus. For PLB proliferation, PLB clumps were cultured on modified Vacin and Went (VW) medium supplemented with coconut water (CW) (0, 10%) and Phytagel (0%, 0.1% and 0.2%). The highest increase in fresh weight (159.40±5.40 mg) was obtained on VW medium containing 10% CW and 0.2% Phytagel. For induction of PLBs-derived callus, the PLBs clumps were cultured on modified VW solid medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) in combination with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L) for 2 months. The highest increase in fresh weigh of callus (312.70±59.61 mg) was obtained on medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/L TDZ. Then, PLBs-derived callus were proliferated on VW solid medium supplemented with coconut water (CW) (0, 10 and 15%) and sucrose (0, 10 and 15 g/L). The highest callus growth index (0.56±0.06) was achieved from the medium containing 10% CW and 15 g/L sucrose. These proliferated PLBs-derived callus could be reinduced to form PLBs and eventually healthy plantlets.
Terahertz ammonia absorption as a probe of infall in high-mass star forming clumps

Cloud contraction and infall are the fundamental processes of star formation. While “blue-skewed” line profiles observed in highmass star forming regions are commonly taken as evidence of infall by an ever increasing number of studies, their interpretation offers many pitfalls. Detecting infall via redshifted absorption in front of continuum sources is a much more direct and reliable method but so far mostly restricted toward absorption in the centimeter toward strong HII regions. Here we present a novel approach by probing absorption of rotational ammonia transitions in front of the strong dust emission of massive star-forming regions. A carefully selected sample of three regions with different stages of evolution is selected to study infall through the evolution of massive star-forming