Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protein cysteine S-nitrosylation provides reducing power by enhancing lactate dehydrogenase activity in Trichomonas vaginalis under iron de�ciency

Background: Iron plays essential roles in the pathogenesis and proliferation of Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of the most prevalent nonviral human sexually transmitted infection. We previously demonstrated that under iron de�ciency, the endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is accumulated and capable of regulating the survival of T. vaginalis. Herein, we aim to explore the in�uence of NO on the activity of the pyruvate-reducing enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in T. vaginalis (TvLDH). Methods : Levels of lactate and pyruvate were detected for determining glycolysis activity in T. vaginalis under iron de�ciency. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression of TvLDH. S-nitrosylated (SNO) proteomics was conducted to identify the NO-modi�ed proteins. The activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TvGAPDH) and TvLDH were measured after sodium nitrate treatment. The effects of protein nitrosylation on the production of cellular reducing power were examined by measuring the amount of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the ratio of the NAD redox pair (NAD + /NADH). Results: We found that although the glycolytic pathway was activated in cells under iron depletion, the level of pyruvate was decreased due to the increased level of TvLDH. By analyzing the SNO proteome of T. vaginalis upon iron de�ciency, we found that TvLDH is one of the glycolytic enzymes modi�ed by SNO. The production of pyruvate was signi�cantly reduced after nitrate treatment, indicating that protein nitrosylation accelerated the consumption of pyruvate by increasing TvLDH activity. Nitrate treatment also induced NAD oxidation, suggesting that protein nitrosylation was the key posttranslational modi�cation controlling cellular redox status. Conclusion: We demonstrated that NO-mediated protein nitrosylation plays pivotal roles in the regulation of glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and the activity of TvLDH. The recycling of oxidized NAD catalyzed by TvLDH provided the reducing power that allowed T. vaginalis
You have printed the following article : Prospect Theory : An Analysis of Decision under Risk

Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This paper presents a critique of expected utility theory as a descriptive model of decision making under risk, and develops an alternative model, called prospect theory. Choices among risky prospects exhibit several pervasive effects that are inconsistent with the basic tenets of utility theory. In particular, people underweight outcomes that are merely probable in comparison with outcomes that are obtained with certainty. This tendency, called the certainty effect, contributes to risk aversion in choices involving sure gains and to risk seeking in choices involving sure losses. In addition, people generally discard components that are shared by all prospects under consideration. This tendency, called the isolation effect, leads to inconsistent preferences when the same choice is presented in different forms. An alternative theory of choice is developed, in which value is assigned to gains and losses rather than to final assets and in which probabilities are replaced by decision weights. The value function is normally concave for gains, commonly convex for losses, and is generally steeper for losses than for gains. Decision weights are generally lower than the corresponding probabilities, except in the range of low probabilities. Overweighting of low probabilities may contribute to the attractiveness of both insurance and gambling. 1. INTRODUCTION EXPECTED UTILITY THEORY has dominated the analysis of decision making under risk. It has been generally accepted as a normative model of rational choice [24], and widely applied as a descriptive model of economic behavior, e.g. [15,4]. Thus, it is assumed that all reasonable people would wish to obey the axioms of the theory [47,36], and that most people actually do, most of the time. The present paper describes several classes of choice problems in which preferences systematically violate the axioms of expected utility theory. In the light of these observations we argue that utility theory, as it is commonly interpreted and applied, …
The assessment of geriatric malnutrition, geriatric depression and associated co-morbidities among forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals in Bangladesh

Abstract Objective: To assess the nutritional status and depression of the elderly forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals (FDMN) in Bangladesh and determine the associated factors of geriatric depression (GD). Design: This was a community-based, cross-sectional study among elderly FDMN. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA@-SF) and Geriatric Depression Scale Short-Form (GDS-15 SF) were used to determine malnutrition and GD, respectively. Setting: The study was conducted between November 2021 and March 2022 in Kutupalong Refugee Camp, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Participants: The study participants were elderly FDMN aged ≥ 60 years (n 430). Results: The mean age and BMI were 71·7(±7·8) years and 21·94(±2·6) kg/m2, respectively. There was a high prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus (32·1 %), hypertension (26·7 %), hypotension (20 %), skin diseases (28·4 %) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (16·5 %). The prevalence of malnutrition was 25·3 %, and another 29·1 % were at risk. The prevalence of GD was 57·9 %, and co-occurrences of GD and malnutrition were seen in 17·5 % of participants. GD was significantly higher among elderly people with malnutrition (adjusted OR, AOR = 1·71, 95 % CI: 1·01, 2·89). FDMN aged ≥ 80 years were at higher risk of GD (AOR = 1·84, 95 % CI: 1·01, 3·37), and having fewer than five members in the household was an independent predictor of GD. Diabetes mellitus (AOR = 1·95, 95 % CI: 1·24, 3·08) and hypotension (AOR = 2·17, 95 % CI: 1·25, 2·78) were also significantly associated with an increased risk of GD. Conclusion: A high prevalence of GD and malnutrition was observed among elderly FDMN in Bangladesh. The agencies working in Cox’s Bazar should focus on geriatric malnutrition and GD for the improvement of the health situation of FDMN in Bangladesh.
Effluent Irrigation of Coastal Bermuda Grass

Secondary effluent from the city of Tallahassee, Fla. was applied to coastal bermuda grass on lakeland fine sand. Effluent was applied through sprinklers at rates of 50 mm/week, 100 mm/week, 150 mm/week, and 200mm/week during the period April-October. Yields and nutrient recovery were determined. Yields and nutrient uptake showed an increase with irrigation rate, while efficiency of nutrient recovery decreased. The content (dry weight basis) of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased with irrigation rate. Recovery efficiencies for calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, and zinc were all below 100%, indicating adequate quantities of these elements. Based on these results, nitrogen recovery of 50% to 75% would be expected at 50 mm/week irrigation rate. With proper weed control, yields of 13 mtons/ha would be expected, with a harvest frequency of approximately 4 weeks. Supplemental potassium might be required since the K/N ratio of effluent usually lies below that of coastal bermuda grass.
Proactive strategies for regorafenib in metastatic colorectal cancer: implications for optimal patient management

: Regorafenib is a broad-spectrum oral multikinase inhibitor that targets several angiogenic, oncogenic, and stromal receptor tyrosine kinases that support the tumor microenvironment. Results from the pivotal Phase III Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Regorafenib or Placebo After Failure of Standard Therapy (CORRECT) trial showed that the addition of regorafenib to best supportive care resulted in a significant improvement in median overall survival and progression-free survival compared with placebo plus best supportive care in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) following all available approved therapies. Thus, regorafenib is the first oral multikinase inhibitor indicated for mCRC; it currently has approval in the USA, EU, Japan, Canada, and Singapore for the treatment of mCRC patients who have been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine-, oxalip-latin-, and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, and, if the tumor is KRAS wild-type, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy. In this review, we highlight regorafenib’s mechanism of action, present key efficacy data from the CORRECT trial, and discuss how to proactively manage common adverse events (eg, hand-foot skin reaction, hypertension, oral mucositis, diarrhea, and fatigue) experienced by patients receiving regorafenib. Increased awareness of potential adverse events associated with regorafenib and the implementation of proactive strategies to prevent, monitor, and manage these events early in the course of treatment will be instrumental in ensuring optimal patient management and continuation of regorafenib therapy.
Tropical American‐Atlantic forcing of austral summertime variability in the southern annular mode

The relative importance of tropical versus extratropical forcing on the southern annular mode (SAM) during the austral summer is explored using dry atmospheric model experiments with prescribed atmospheric forcing. The tropical forcing regions are determined based on areas of high observed correlations between atmospheric heating and the SAM. Diagnosed atmospheric forcing over the tropical America‐Atlantic is found to be the major tropical driver of the SAM trend and interannual variability. Synoptic eddies tend to reinforce and maintain the SAM‐associated circulation anomaly. Contribution of the tropical diagnosed forcing, as a whole, to the SAM trend over 1951–2010 is about one third in strength compared to that of the southern extratropical forcing processes.
Graph-Dynamo: Learning stochastic cellular state transition dynamics from single cell data

Modeling cellular processes in the framework of dynamical systems theories is a focused area in systems and mathematical biology, but a bottleneck to extend the efforts to genome-wide modeling is lack of quantitative data to constrain model parameters. With advances of single cell techniques, learning dynamical information from high throughput snapshot single cell data emerges as an exciting direction in single cell studies. Our previously developed dynamo framework reconstructs generally nonlinear genome-wide gene regulation relations from single cell expression state and either splicing- or metabolic labeling-based RNA velocity data. In this work, we first developed a graph-based machine learning procedure that imposes a mathematical constraint that the RNA velocity vectors lie in the tangent space of the low-dimensional manifold formed by the single cell expression data. Unlike a popular cosine correlation kernel used in literature, this tangent space projection (TSP) preserves the magnitude information of a vector when one transforms between different representations of the data manifold. Next, we formulated a data-driven graph Fokker-Planck (FPE) equation formalism that models the full cellular state transition dynamics as a convection-diffusion process on a data-formed graph network. The formalism is invariant under representation transformation and preserves the topological and dynamical properties of the system dynamics. Numerical tests on synthetic data and experimental scRNA-seq data demonstrate that the graph TSP/FPE formalism built from snapshot single cell data can recapitulate system dynamics. Significance Statement A cell is a dynamical system, which responds to extracellular and intracellular cues and changes its internal state. In practice the internal state of a cell is often characterized by its gene expression profile such as its transcriptome measured through destructive single cell techniques. Just like one can use Newton’s equations to describe motions of the celestial bodies in the solar system, the state change of a cell in principle can also be described by a set of mathematical equations. Determining the form and associated parameters of such equations, however, is challenging. This work presented a general framework of reconstructing dynamical equations from snapshot single cell data.
The stoichiometry of carbon and nutrients in peat formation

Northern peatlands have stored large amounts (~500 Pg) of carbon (C) since the last glaciation. Combined with peat C are nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K), each of which plays an important role in plant production, litter decomposition, and the biogeochemical functioning of peatlands. Yet little attention has been given to the amounts of these nutrients stored in northern peatlands and their stoichiometry with C. Here we use data on nutrient concentrations in over 400 peat profiles in Ontario, Canada, representing bogs, fens, and swamps and their vegetation. We show that the C:N ratio is high (>40:1) in vegetation and litter but declines through the peat profiles to reach ratios between 22:1 and 29:1 in peat below 50 cm. In contrast, the C:P ratio rises from vegetation and litter (500:1 to 1300:1) to 1500:1 to 2000:1 in the lower part of the peat profile. Ratios of C to Ca, Mg, and K vary with peatland type. Most of these stoichiometric changes occur in the early stages of organic matter decomposition, where the litter structure remains intact. We estimate that ~18 Pg of N has been stored in northern peatlands since deglaciation, reflecting high N accumulation rates (~0.8 g m−2 yr−1), whereas P accumulation is small (~0.3 Pg, ~0.016 g m−2 yr−1), indicating that P is quickly recycled in the surface layers.
International Channels of the Fed’s Unconventional Monetary Policy

Previous research has established that the Federal Reserve's large scale asset purchases (LSAPs) significantly influenced international bond yields. We use dynamic term structure models to uncover to what extent signaling and portfolio balance channels caused these declines. For the U.S. and Canada, the evidence supports the view that LSAPs had substantial signaling effects. For Australian and German yields, signaling effects were present but likely more moderate, and portfolio balance effects appear to have played a relatively larger role than in the U.S. and Canada. Portfolio balance effects were small for Japanese yields and signaling effects basically nonexistent. These findings about LSAP channels are consistent with predictions based on interest rate dynamics during normal times: Signaling effects tend to be large for countries with strong yield responses to conventional U.S. monetary policy surprises, and portfolio balance effects are consistent with the degree of substitutability across international bonds, as measured by the covariance between foreign and U.S. bond returns.
Louis Working Paper Series International Trade , Female Labor , and Entrepreneurship in MENA Countries

Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries stand out in international comparisons of de jure obstacles to female employment and entrepreneurship. These obstacles are mirrored in low rates of female labor participation, entrepreneurship, and ownership. Recent research suggests a connection between international trade and female labor participation. In this article, the authors focus on the relationship between international trade and gender in the MENA countries. They first analyze female labor as a production factor and then focus on female entrepreneurship and firm ownership. The authors use countryand industry-level data to identify countries and industries characterized by comparative advantage in female labor. They find evidence suggesting a strong link between a country’s specialization and its measures of female labor participation consistent with theories of brain-based technological bias. Using firm-level data, the authors then study whether trade empowers female entrepreneurs in country/industry pairs that exhibit comparative advantage. They conclude that the evidence supports the view that exposure to trade affects disproportionately firms in country/industry pairs with a comparative advantage in female labor—both in terms of female employment and female entrepreneurship and ownership—for the MENA countries and the period they study. J.E. L. Codes: F11, F14, F16, J82
Determination of iron metal optical constants: Implications for ultraviolet, visible, and near‐infrared remote sensing of airless bodies

Iron metal is an opaque phase common in planetary materials both as an igneous mineral and as a space‐weathering by‐product. In either form, iron metal has a large influence on the interpretation of ultraviolet, visible, and near‐infrared spectra of planetary surfaces obtained from Earth‐ or space‐based observatories. Therefore, the optical properties of iron are a critical input necessary for accurate theoretical radiative‐transfer mixing models for inversion of maturity and mineral proportions from reflectance spectra. Here we report new measurements of the optical constants of iron in the ultraviolet, visible, and near‐infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (∼160 to 1700 nm). These values are determined from an iron metal film vapor‐deposited onto a fused silica prism. Optical constant determination is carried out using an ellipsometer that performs the measurement within the prism, sensing the side of the metal film unexposed to the ambient atmosphere. The data we report have important implications for modeling planetary spectra and for comparison of laboratory measurements of extraterrestrial samples with remotely sensed data sets.
Experimental estimation of the GPR groundwave sampling depth

Monitoring near‐surface soil water content is essential for efficient water management and for understanding hydrologic processes in soils. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) groundwaves are an approach that can be used to monitor the near‐surface soil water content, but the efficacy of this technique is currently limited by the uncertainty surrounding the groundwave sampling depth. This research experimentally determines the sampling depth of GPR groundwaves under dry and saturated conditions in a sandy soil. Data were acquired using 250, 500, and 1000 MHz antennas within an experimental tank containing soil layers of contrasting electromagnetic velocities. Results show that the groundwave sampling depth is a function of frequency in both dry and saturated soils, and sampling depth is inversely related to frequency. A comparison of data acquired under dry and saturated conditions indicates that the groundwave sampling depth is slightly less in saturated soil than in dry soil, but the dependence of sampling depth on soil water content may be less than has been predicted using numerical modeling. The minimum sampling depth observed in this experiment was 12 cm for the 1000 MHz antennas in saturated sand, and the maximum sampling depth was 30 cm for the 250 MHz antennas in dry sand.
Immunomodulatory approaches in managing lung inflammation in COVID‐19: A double‐edge sword

The novel coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID‐19) which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has emerged as a gigantic problem. The lung is the major target organ of SARS‐CoV‐2 and some of its variants like Delta and Omicron variant adapted in such a way that these variants can significantly damage this vital organ of the body. These variants raised a few eyebrows as the outbreaks have been seen in the vaccinated population. Patients develop severe respiratory illnesses which eventually prove fatal unless treated early.
Probing Proton Translocation in Influenza A/M2 Proteoliposomes - A systematic Approach to Membrane-Protein Reconstitutions

Popular Abstract in Swedish Allt levande bestar av celler. Cellen ar livets allra minsta byggsten. Cellen har ett holje som kallas cellmembran. Detta membran skiljer cellens inre som kallas cytosol fran omvarlden. I detta cellmembran sitter olika protein inbaddade. Genom dessa protein kommunicerar och utbyter cellen amnen med sin omgivning. Manga av dessa protein ar mal for lakemedel och ar darfor viktiga att studera. Det ar inte alltid sa latt att studera dessa membranproteiner nar de sitter i cellmembranet eftersom andra intilliggande protein kan paverka matningarna. Jag har utvecklat en ny metod for att satta in membranprotein och da speciellt membranprotein som transporterar protoner eller vatejoner over cellmembran. Dessa protontransportorer ar ofta med i olika sjukdomsbilder var av en ar cancer. Vi har systematiskt och noga utrett forutsattningarna for att lyckas med dessa matningar och har bland annat utvarderat nya farger som man kan anvanda for att mata pH inuti dessa konstgjorda cellskal eller liposomer. Vi har anvant allt detta till att satta in en protonkanal fran ett influensavirus (fran samma typ av virus som svininfluensaviruset) i liposomer och undersokt hur de fungerar. Detta protein ar nodvandigt for att viruset ska kunna infektera sin vard och om man kan stoppa proteinets funktion kan virusets smitta forhindras. Om man kan hitta en medicin som gor just detta sa skulle man inte langre enbart vare hanvisad till vaccination for att skydda sig mot influensan. Jag har matt hur fort protoner flodar genom kanalen och matt hur val vissa droger bromsar eller helt stoppar transporten genom proteinet. Jag har upptack att denna kanal inte bara transporterar protoner utan aven andra joner som kaliumjoner och natriumjoner. Detta gor att man nu har en battre forstaelse for hur influensaviruset smittar. (Less)