Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ibrutinib combined with low‐dose histone deacetylases inhibitor chidamide synergistically enhances the anti‐tumor effect in B‐cell lymphoma

Aberrant activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is frequently detected in B‐cell lymphomas, which indicated the therapeutic implications of HDAC inhibitors for B‐cell malignancies. We have discovered that lymphoma cells treated with HDAC inhibitor presented with activation of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) which played an important role in the development of B‐cell malignancies. Therefore, our study intended to explore whether the addition of ibrutinib (BTK inhibitor) to chidamide (HDAC inhibitor) could generate combined anti‐tumor effects in B‐cell lymphomas. Using cell viability assay, cell cycle and apoptosis kit, we demonstrated an evident synergistic action of ibrutinib and chidamide in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and motility. Consistent with in vitro data, the synergistic anti‐tumor effects were also observed in multiple tumor‐bearing mice models. By performing RNA‐seq and flow cytometry of tumor tissue, the enhancement of anti‐tumor immunity was observed with the co‐treatment of chidamide and ibrutinib. Together, these mechanistic insights indicated that simultaneously targeting BTK and HDAC could be a promising clinical therapy for B‐cell lymphomas.
Quantum Kinetics of Neutrinos in Hot, Dense Environments

The subject of this dissertation is the evolution of neutrino distributions in hot, dense astrophysical environments, such as the early Universe, core collapse supernovae or compact object mergers. This is an important problem in astrophysics because the dynamics and the composition of these systems can be strongly influenced by neutrinos, leading to potential modification of nucleosynthesis and of astrophysical observables. In these environments, neutrinos can undergo both coherent forward scattering and direction-changing or inelastic collisions. The transport equations for flavored neutrinos, or quantum kinetic equations (QKEs), are derived from first principles, beginning with quantum field theory and Standard Model neutrino interactions. The QKEs can reduce to the standard Schrodinger-like equations for neutrino flavor evolution in the limit of low matter density, and to a Boltzmann-like equation describing neutrino scattering at high density. In addition, in high-density, anisotropic environments we find a novel process that can mediate coherent exchange of particle number and flavor information between neutrino and antineutrino states (spin coherence). We discuss the prospects for modification of the standard picture of neutrino flavor evolution in supernovae and other astrophysical environments by non- forward scattering and spin coherence
Fast, interleaved, Look‐Locker–based T 1 mapping with a variable averaging approach: Towards temperature mapping at low magnetic field

Proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) is currently the gold standard method for magnetic resonance thermometry. However, the linearity between the temperature‐dependent phase accumulation and the static magnetic field B0 confines its use to rather high‐field scanners. Applications such as thermal therapies could naturally benefit from lower field MRI settings through leveraging increased accessibility, a lower physical and economical footprint, and further consideration of the technical challenges associated with the integration of heating systems into conventional clinical scanners. T1 ‐based thermometry has been proposed as an alternative to the gold standard; however, because of longer acquisition times, it has found clinical use solely with adipose tissue where PRFS fails. At low field, the enhanced T1 dispersion, combined with reduced relaxation times, make T1 mapping an appealing candidate. Here, an interleaved Look‐Locker–based T1 mapping sequence was proposed for temperature quantification at 0.1 T. A variable averaging scheme was introduced, to maximize the signal‐to‐noise ratio throughout T1 recovery. In calibrated samples, an average T1 accuracy of 85% ± 4% was achieved in 10 min, compared with the 77% ± 7% obtained using a standard averaging scheme. Temperature maps between 29.0 and 41.7°C were eventually reconstructed, with a precision of 3.0 ± 1.1°C and an accuracy of 1.5 ± 1.0°C. Accounting for longer thermal treatments and less strict temperature constraints, applications such as MR‐guided mild hyperthermia treatments at low field could be envisioned.
An update on the pathological classification of breast cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing a diverse spectrum of tumours with varying morphological, biological, and clinical phenotypes. Although tumours may show phenotypic overlap, they often display different biological behaviour and response to therapy. Advances in high‐throughput molecular techniques and bioinformatics have contributed to improved understanding of BC biology and refinement of molecular taxonomy with the identification of specific molecular subclasses. Although the traditional pathological morphological classification of BC is of paramount importance and provides diagnostic and prognostic information, current interest focusses on the use of a single gene and multigene assays to stratify BC into distinct groups to guide decisions on systemic therapy. This review considers approaches to the classification of BC, including their limitations, and with particular emphasis on the fundamental role of morphology in establishing an accurate diagnosis of primary invasive carcinoma of breast origin. This forms the basis for further morphological characterization and for all other approaches to BC classification that are used to provide prognostic and therapeutic predictive information.
Update on lobular lesions of the breast

The current histological classification of in‐situ and invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs) includes different morphological variants, some of which have been recently described. In this review, we will focus upon: (i) the diagnostic criteria of non‐invasive lobular neoplasia and treatment implications across different countries; (ii) utility and limitations of immunohistochemistry; (iii) recently described variants of ILC; and (iv) the significance of lobular differentiation in invasive carcinoma for clinical management.
Transmission performance of a low‐loss metal–insulator–semiconductor plasmonic phase‐shift Bragg grating

We propose a plasmonics phase‐shift Bragg grating based on a metal–insulator–semiconductor structure in the wavelength range of 1400–1700 nm. The Bragg grating is formed by a periodic height variation of a semiconductor strip that is separated from a metal surface by a nanoscale insulator layer. Moreover, a phase‐shift structure was introduced in the middle of the Bragg grating. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed structure exhibits good filtering characteristics with a strong field enhancement. The proposed phase‐shift Bragg grating could be used as an ultracompact filter and enable on‐chip integration of photonic circuits.
Scientific instrumentation for the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope in Big Bear

The NST (New Solar Telescope), a 1.6 m clear aperture, off-axis telescope, is in its commissioning phase at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). It will be the most capable, largest aperture solar telescope in the US until the 4 m ATST (Advanced Technology Solar Telescope) comes on-line late in the next decade. The NST will be outfitted with state-of-the-art scientific instruments at the Nasmyth focus on the telescope floor and in the Coude Lab beneath the telescope. At the Nasmyth focus, several filtergraphs already in routine operation have offered high spatial resolution photometry in TiO 706 nm, Hα 656 nm, G-band 430 nm and the near infrared (NIR), with the aid of a correlation tracker and image reconstruction system. Also, a Cryogenic Infrared Spectrograph (CYRA) is being developed to supply high signal-to-noise-ratio spectrometry and polarimetry spanning 1.0 to 5.0 μm. The Coude Lab instrumentation will include Adaptive Optics (AO), InfraRed Imaging Magnetograph (IRIM), Visible Imaging Magnetograph (VIM), and Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS). A 308 sub-aperture (349-actuator deformable mirror) AO system will enable nearly diffraction limited observations over the NST's principal operating wavelengths from 0.4 μm through 1.7 μm. IRIM and VIM are Fabry-Perot based narrow-band tunable filters, which provide high resolution two-dimensional spectroscopic and polarimetric imaging in the NIR and visible respectively. FISS is a collaboration between BBSO and Seoul National University focussing on chromosphere dynamics. This paper reports the up-to-date progress on these instruments including an overview of each instrument and details of the current state of design, integration, calibration and setup/testing on the NST (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular surveillance for Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in ticks from Northern Iran

Tick-borne zoonotic diseases pose a threat to public health; hence, identifying the pathogenic agents associated with them is critical. The prevalence of Bartonella and Rickettsia in Iran is unknown. This study aimed to detect Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella species in ticks in northeast Iran and conduct phylogenetic analysis on these bacteria. Ticks from the sample bank in the Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases were included in this study. The ticks were collected in 2017 and 2018 from domestic animals (sheep, goats, cows, camels, horses, dogs, and donkeys) and rodents in Golestan, Mazandaran, and Guilan provinces. Molecular methods were used to examine the DNA extracted from these samples to detect Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella species. The study examined a total of 3999 ticks. Ixodes ricinus (46.4%), Rhipicephalus turanicus (26.3%), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (17.1%) were the most prevalent species. Among 638 DNA pools, real-time-PCR detected Rickettsia spp. in 161 (25.2%), mostly belonging to Rh. sanguineus (48.9%) and Rh. turanicus (41.9%). Golestan Province had the highest number of positive pools (29.7%). No positive samples for Bartonella were detected in a 638 pooled samples. Eight distinct Rickettsia species were detected in 65 sequenced samples, the majority of which were R. massiliae (n = 32, 49.2%) and R. sibirica (n = 20, 30.8%). Other species included R. rhipicephali (n = 3), R. aeschlimannii (n = 5), R. helvetica (n = 5), R. asiatica (n = 4), R. monacensis (n = 6), and R. raoultii (n = 1). The research findings may provide helpful information about tick-borne Rickettsiae in Iran and help to clarify the role of these arthropods in maintaining these agents. Rickettsia species were found to be circulating in three Northern provinces; thus, it is recommended that this disease be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile diseases caused by tick bites and febrile diseases with skin rashes such as Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF).
Peeking and lying in the temptation resistance paradigm in 2.5-year-olds: The role of inhibitory control

The main aim of the present study was to establish whether inhibitory control (IC) abilities influence the peeking and lying behaviours of 2.5-year-olds, as measured by a modified temptation resistance paradigm (mTRP). Using a longitudinal design, 252 children’s IC abilities were tested at ages 1.5, 2 and 2.5, as well as their ability to lie at age 2.5. Results showed that 35% of 2.5-year-olds peeked, 27% of peekers lied and 40% of non-peekers falsely confessed they had peeked. Non-peekers had higher IC than peekers at ages 2 and 2.5. Lower IC at age 2 increased the probability of peeking at age 2.5 by 6 times. The highest level of IC was presented in children who followed the adult’s restrictions in the mTRP and were then able to tell the truth about their behaviour. These results suggested that the first, or so-called primary, lies of 2.5-year-olds are probably spontaneous, rather than deliberate. Implications for further research were discussed.
Long‐time asymptotics via entropy methods for diffusion dominated equations

Uniform convergence rates of diffusion dominated equations towards their asymptotic profiles are quantified via entropy methods for bounded integrable non-negative initial data with finite entropy. Convergence rates are sharp since they co- incide with the purely diffusive ones. The approach is applied to both convection- and absorption-diffusion equations. Finally, Wasserstein metrics are used to control the expansion of the support for the convection-diffusion case.
It’s not what you do, it’s the way that you do it: An experimental task delineates among passive, reactive and interactive styles of behaviour on social networking sites

Studies have produced vastly disparate findings when exploring relationships between social networking site (SNS) usage and psychosocial well-being. These inconsistencies might reflect a lack of consideration for how people use SNS; specifically, while meaningful interactions are suggested to foster positive feelings, the passive consumption of others’ feeds is proposed to have negative effects on users’ well-being. To facilitate the empirical evaluation of these claims, the present study developed a computerised task to measure styles of usage on a mock SNS platform. Administering this Social Network Site Behaviour Task (SNSBT) online to 526 individuals, we identified three dissociable usage styles that extend the active-passive dichotomy employed frequently in the literature: passive use (consuming content posted by others), reactive use (reacting to others’ content), and interactive use (interacting with others through content sharing). Furthermore, our data reveal that these usage styles differ on several measures of psychosocial variables employed frequently in the disparate literature: more interactive users reported greater feelings of social connectedness and social capital than passive or reactive users. Importantly, however, our results also reveal the multi-dimensional nature of usage styles, with online network size and time spent on SNS platforms serving as potentially confounding influences on some psychosocial measures. These findings not only advance our understanding of SNS behaviour by providing empirical support for theoretic propositions, but also demonstrate the utility of the SNSBT for experimental investigations into the psychosocial outcomes of different SNS usage styles.
Health motivations and perceived barriers are determinants of self-care behaviour for the prevention of hypertension in a Malaysian community

Introduction Self-care behaviour is fundamental in preventing hypertension in the general population. According to the Health Belief Model, health beliefs and perceptions influence the success in adopting disease prevention strategies. While factors influencing hypertension self-care behaviour have been examined previously in patient populations, they have not been assessed in the general community. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 12 June 2020 to 26 July 2021. An online survey was administered via email and social media to Malaysians in the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur communities. Respondents were over 18 years old, without a formal diagnosis of hypertension. The survey evaluated hypertension knowledge, Health Belief Model constructs, self-care behaviour frequency, and motivators and barriers to self-care behaviour. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the main predictors of self-care behaviour, and descriptive statistics were used to characterise motivators and barriers of each self-care behaviour. Results Only health motivations (β = 0.217, p < 0.001) and perceived barriers (β = 0.571, p < 0.001) significantly influenced self-care behaviour. Maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical activity and blood pressure checks need to be improved in the community, particularly in reducing salt and calorie intake. Lack of time, limited choices and laziness are the biggest challenges that need to be tackled in adopting a healthy diet and an active lifestyle in the community. Many are ignorant towards their health status, therefore, do not prioritize blood pressure screenings, suggesting a need to enhance community blood pressure checks for early diagnosis of hypertension. Conclusion and implications Motivations and barriers were the main determinants of self-care behaviour in the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur community. Targeting these aspects of self-care behaviour should be considered when developing interventions and education programmes tailored to local cultural, environmental and personal factors, to more effectively reduce the hypertension prevalence and burden.
Identification of European isolates of the lager yeast parent Saccharomyces eubayanus

Abstract Lager brewing first occurred in Bavaria in the 15th century, associated with restrictions of brewing to colder months. The lager yeast, Saccharomyces pastorianus, is cold tolerant. It is a hybrid between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces eubayanus, and has been found only in industrial settings. Natural isolates of S. eubayanus were first discovered in Patagonia 11 years ago. They have since been isolated from China, Tibet, New Zealand, and North America, but not from Europe. Here, we describe the first European strains UCD646 and UCD650, isolated from a wooded area on a university campus in Dublin, Ireland. We generated complete chromosome level assemblies of both genomes using long- and short-read sequencing. The UCD isolates belong to the Holarctic clade. Genome analysis shows that isolates similar to the Irish strains contributed to the S. eubayanus component of S. pastorianus, but isolates from Tibet made a larger contribution.
Saturation of the SIS direct detector and the SIS mixer

We review and discuss the theory of SIS direct detector saturation, and present experimental results which verify the theory, using N=2 and 4 SIS junctions in series. The measured responsivity is greater than the quantum limit e/Nhω. This is not understood, We derive an explicit formula for the saturation of the SIS mixer and compare this to the direct detector.
Non-invasive assessment of fatigue and recovery of inspiratory rib cage muscles during endurance test in healthy individuals

Introduction Fatigue is defined as loss of capacity to develop muscle force and/or velocity that is reversible at rest. We assessed non-invasively the fatigue and recovery of inspiratory rib cage muscles during two respiratory endurance tests in healthy individuals. Methods The sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) was assessed before and after two respiratory endurance tests: normocapnic hyperpnea (NH) and inspiratory pressure threshold loading (IPTL). Contractile (maximum rate of pressure development and time to peak pressure) and relaxation parameters (maximum relaxation rate [MRR], time constant of pressure decay [τ], and half relaxation time) obtained from sniff curves and shortening velocity and mechanical power estimated using optoelectronic plethysmography were analyzed during SNIP maneuvers. Respiratory muscle activity (electromyography) and tissue oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy—NIRS) were obtained during endurance tests and SNIP maneuvers. Fatigue development of inspiratory rib cage muscles was assessed according to the slope of decay of median frequency. Results Peak pressure during SNIP decreased after both protocols (p <0.05). MRR, shortening velocity, and mechanical power decreased (p <0.05), whereas τ increased after IPTL (p <0.05). The median frequency of inspiratory rib cage muscles (i.e., sum of sternocleidomastoid, scalene, and parasternal) decreased linearly during IPTL and exponentially during NH, mainly due to the sternocleidomastoid. Conclusion Fatigue development behaved differently between protocols and relaxation properties (MRR and τ), shortening velocity, and mechanical power changed only in the IPTL.
Serial magnetic resonance imaging of splenomegaly in the Trypanosoma brucei infected mouse

Splenomegaly, an enlargement of the spleen, is a known clinical sign of the parasitic disease, human African trypanosomiasis. This study follows the development of splenomegaly in a group of mice over multiple infection points, using a non-invasive imaging modality, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CD-1 mice infected with GVR35 T.b. brucei demonstrated a significant increase in spleen size from day 7 post-infection, with changes in the spleen tracked in individual animals over five time points. At the final time point, the mean spleen weight calculated using the spleen volume from the MR images was compared with the post-mortem gross spleen weight. No significant difference was detected between the two methods (1.62 ± 0.06g using MRI and 1.51 ± 0.04g gross weight, p = 0.554). Haematology and histological analysis were also performed, giving additional insight into splenomegaly for the GVR35 strain of infection. The study demonstrates that MRI is a useful tool when examining changes in organ volume throughout HAT infection and may be applicable in the investigation of a range of conditions where changes in organ volume occur and MRI has not been used previously.
High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance among bacterial isolates from diseased pets: Retrospective laboratory data (2015–2017)

Laboratory surveillance and the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends and patterns among local isolates have been highly effective in providing comprehensive information for public health decision-making. A total of 396 cases along with 449 specimens were received for antibiotic susceptibility testing at a public university veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Malaysia between 2015 and 2017. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated (n = 101, 13%) bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 97, 12%) and Streptococcus canis (n = 62, 8%). In cats, S. pseudintermedius isolates were highly resistant to azithromycin (90%), while the E. coli isolates were highly resistant to doxycycline (90%), tetracycline (81%), and cephalexin (75%). About 55% of S. pseudintermedius and 82% of E. coli were multi-drug resistant (MDR). In dogs, S. intermedius isolates were highly resistant to aminoglycosides neomycin (90.9%) and gentamicin (84.6%), and tetracycline (75%). Whereas the E. coli isolates were highly resistant to cephalexin (82.1%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (76.5%). MDR was observed in 60% of S. intermedius and 72% of E. coli from dogs. Generally, the bacterial isolates from cats demonstrated higher levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics compared to those from dogs.