Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil organic carbon estimation with topographic properties in artificial grassland using a state-space modeling approach

She, D. , Xuemei, G. , Jingru, S. , Timm, L. C. and Hu, W. 2014. Soil organic carbon estimation with topographic properties in artificial grassland using a state-space modeling approach. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 503–514. Knowledge of the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in artificial grasslands in semiarid areas is helpful in optimizing management for soil fertility recovery and carbon sequestration. Accurate estimation of SOC with easy-to-obtain topographic properties can save considerable labor and cost as well as protect the grassland from being disturbed by intensive soil sampling. In our study, a total of 113 sampling points were setup within a patch of artificial grassland in a small catchment located in the north Loess Plateau of China. State-space modeling and traditional linear regression were used to estimate the localized variation of SOC in the 0- to 20-cm surface soil layer using five selected topographic properties (elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, and surface soil roughness). So.
Effect of Organically Amended Growing Substrates on the Growth and Physiological Attributes of Citrus Plants

The present experiment was conducted to study the influence of growing substrates on the growth of citrus plants. Rough lemon and Kinnow mandarin were selected as rootstock and scion cultivars, respectively. Eleven potting mixes were assessed along with the control, mixed on a v/v basis. Citrus seedlings cultivated in potting mix growing substrate (GM11) (sand + silt + farm yard manure + compost, 1:1:1:1) exhibited better plant development followed by the plants grown in GM12 (sand + silt + farm yard manure + coconut husk, 1:1:1:1). The saplings cultivated in substrates containing compost and coconut husk having optimum pH of 5.5–7.5 resulted in substantial improvement in horticultural traits and physiological variables when compared with the control. In sum, the growing substrate GM11 significantly improved the growth and development of citrus saplings due to increased mineral contents, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) of citrus plants.
Polystyrene-Based High Internal Phase Emulsion Polymer Monolithic Stationary Phase for Capillary Electrochromatography

A new macroporous poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-based monolithic stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was prepared by using emulsion templating technique without using a charge bearing comonomer. In this preparation, styrene and divinylbenzene in the continuous phase of a high internal phase emulsion were copolymerized in the presence of 90 vol.% of internal aqueous phase. The resulting monolithic column had a well-defined interconnected open-cell structure with micro size spherical voids. It indicated an adequate electroosmotic flow (EOF) without any charge bearing monomer due to the presence of ionizable sulfate end groups formed by the initiator used in the polymerization. The effect of mobile phase composition (pH and acetonitrile content) and voltage on EOF mobility were examined. Furthermore, it was successfully used for the separation of alkylbenzenes with theoretical plate numbers up to 142 000 plates/m.
Effects of Continuous Exposure to Ozone Gas and Electrolyzed Water on the Skin Hardness of Table and Wine Grape Varieties

The effects of continuous exposure to ozone gas (O3, 30 μL/L, 24 h) and immersion in electrolyzed water (EW, 400 mg/L free chlorine, 10 min) on skin hardness of Italia and Muscat Hamburg table grapes, and Merlot and Barbera wine grapes were investigated and compared with those of control treatments (air and deionized water). Skin hardness was instrumentally evaluated via measurements of skin break energy using a puncture test. For all cultivars and density classes, ozone treatment was more effective in increasing skin hardness than EW treatment, although the differences were not always significant. For the same treatment, skin hardening was independent of berry density, and the magnitude of this effect was cultivar-dependent. This skin hardening might positively affect the postharvest life of table grapes. In wine grapes, increases in skin break energy values were related to higher yields and slow extraction kinetics of phenolic compounds during maceration. Practical Applications The purpose and the originality of this work were to determine the real impact of continuous exposure to ozone gas and immersion in electrolyzed water on skin hardness in table grape and wine grape varieties. Differences in the treatment effect due to the grape maturity level were studied in berries sorted according to density. For all cultivars and density classes evaluated, ozone treatment was more effective for increasing skin hardness than electrolyzed water treatment although the differences were not always significant. Therefore, the use of ozone gas as alternative sanitizing agent could extend the postharvest life of table grapes and facilitate the extraction of phenolic compounds from wine grapes during maceration according to increased skin hardness.
SEPARATION OF THE LIGHT FRACTION FROM SOILS BY ULTRASONIC DISPERSION IN HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS CONTAINING A SURFACTANT

Summary Partially humified material can be separated from other soil material by flotation on a bromoform-petroleum spirit mixture of density 2·0 g cm-3. Maximum recovery of partially humified material requires ultrasonic dispersion and the addition of a surfactant to the suspension. For large-scale work‘Nemagon’ may be used in place of the bromoform-petroleum spirit mixture.
The structural instabilities of ferronematic based on liquid crystal with low negative magnetic susceptibility

The Fredericksz transition in ferronematic based on liquid crystal ZLI 1695 (extremely low anisotropy of diamagnetic susceptibility χa = –3 × 10–8) was studied. The decrease of the Fredericksz transition critical magnetic fields BFN with increasing magnetic particles volume concentration was found. The surface density of anchoring energy of liquid crystal molecules on magnetic particles surfaces was experimentally estimated falling into the range (0.3–5.2) × 10–6. These estimations confirm the soft‐anchoring considered within the Burylov and Raikher's theory.
Isolation, Characterization, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of New Saponins from the Roots of Bupleurum falcatum L.

A systematic separation of a saponin fraction of the root of Bupleurum falcatum L. furnished seven new saponins, i.e., five monoacetylsaikosaponins (15-18, 20) and saikosaponins-e (19) and -f (21), besides the known saikosaponins-a, -b2, -b4, -c, and -d. α-Spinasteryl β-D-glucoside (22) was also isolated. The structures of these new saponins were determined by means of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Understanding the Solution Phase Chemistry and Solid State Thermodynamic Behavior of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals.

Cocrystals of a nonionizable, water soluble compound (gabapentin-lactam (GBPL)) with less soluble coformers, are shown to be 2 to 17 times less soluble than GBPL. Cocrystals of GBPL with gentisic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid and fumaric acid are characterized by carboxylic acid---amide hydrogen bonds between coformer and GBPL, consistent with a previously reported structure of a benzoic acid cocrystal. The lattice and solvation contributions to cocrystal aqueous solubility were evaluated and solvation was found to be the main contribution to solubilization. Cocrystals exhibited pH-dependent solubility and pHmax, both of which are described by coformer pKa and cocrystal Ksp values. These findings have important implications for the characterization and selection of cocrystals for desired drug delivery behavior. Introduction In the development of a dosage form, aqueous solubility is one of the principal attributes that must be considered in order to develop a safe, efficacious and consistent product. Some of the commonly used approaches for solubility modification are the use of amorphous materials, solid dispersions, prodrugs, molecular salts and cocrystals. Cocrystals provide an alternative to salt formation for non-ionizable compounds and can impart pH dependent solubility behavior with the use of an ionizable coformer. Cocrystal aqueous solubility and its dependence on pH can be engineered by the choice of coformers and their ionization properties. 6 From a solubility perspective, cocrystal research has mainly focused on enhancing drug solubility for achieving increased dissolution rate, thereby improving bioavailability. Depending on the desired pharmacokinetic effect, alternative solid forms such as salts, cocrystals and prodrugs can also be used to prolong the release of active compounds. Controlling release kinetics is of importance in the case of drugs exhibiting short half lives, large Cmax values or toxicity due to high solubility. 2, 7-9 Methods to alter the solubility are based on the free energy of solubilization, which involves crystal lattice interactions as well as interactions between solute and the solvent (solvation). 10-12 Strategies that can modulate solute-solvent interactions to alter solubility include ionization, complexation, micellar solubilization, prodrugs and cosolvents. These two factors contribute to the associated overall free energy of solution of a compound, which is given by, Gsolution  Glattice  Gsolvation
IMPACTS of ORGANIC and INORGANIC FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS OVER SOME TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS of ANISE (Pimpinella anisum L.) VARIETY AND ECOTYPES

This study was conducted to determine the impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications over sometechnological characteristics of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) variety and ecotypes under Aydin ecologicalconditions. Experiments were carried out over the experimental fields of Adnan Menderes UniversityAgricultural Faculty during the production season of the year 2005. Three different anise ecotypes (Cesme,Fethiye-Seki, Denizli-Acipayam), one registered variety (Golhisar) and six different fertilizer applications(control, commercial fertilizer, livestock manure, organic fertilizer, commercial x organic fertilizer andcommercial fertilizer x livestock manure combination) were used in this research. Essential oil content, yield,composition and density were analyzed. While the highest essential oil content (1.863%) was observed in Cesmeecotype with commercial x organic fertilizer application, the lowest value (1.267%) was observed in controltreatment of Golhisar variety. Trans-anethol ratio of essential oil varied between 97.50-98.49%. It was concludedthat fertilizer application and organic-inorganic fertilizer combination increased the essential oil yield but didn'taffect the composition of essential oil. Key Words: Anise, Pimpinella anisum L. , organic fertilizer, commercial x organic fertilizer combination,technological characteristics.
Response time of an ER-fluid under shear and flow modes

The response times of an ER-fluid in shear and flow modes under the effect of AC- and DC-fields were investigated experimentally. In shear mode, the response time was obtained under the effect of different shear rates and electrical field strengths by comparing the shear stress measured statically with that measured dynamically. The response times in shear mode decreased with increasing the field strength and decreasing the shear rate. In flow mode, the response times of the ER-fluid under various electric field strengths and flow rates were determined from the pressure measurements in channel flow. The response times in flow modewere exponentially decreasedwith the increase of the volumetric flow rate and the electric field strength. In both modes, increasing the frequency of the AC-field led to increase of the response time of the ER-fluid.
Investigation on Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Behaviors of Turmeric Spent Incorporated Vinyl Ester Green Composites

This study aimed at utilizing nutraceutical industrial waste and reducing carbon footprints of plastics. Vinyl ester green composites (VEGCs) have been prepared with turmeric spent A (TS) and organically modified layered silicates (o-montmorilonite, MMT) (organoclays). Tensile behavior and impact strength of vinyl ester matrix thermoset composites were characterized. Thermal characteristics of the vinyl ester/MMT/TS green composites were evaluated by using differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA). Morphological behavior of nanocomposites has been studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Properties of liquids and solutions

The Liquid State of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. Theories and Models of the Liquid State. Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Liquids. Liquid Crystals--The Mesophase. Mixtures of Non-Electrolytes. Phase Diagrams for Multicomponent Systems. Polar Liquids. Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes. Chemical Equilibria in Solution. Solutions of Polymers. Liquid Interfaces and Adsorption Phenomena. Colloidal Systems. Bibliography. Index.
The effects of solar radiation on the stability of 3H‐thymidine and 3H‐leucine during bacterioplankton production measurements

Whereas [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) and [3H]leucine ([3H]leu) are commonly used to measure bacterial production, their stability during ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure has been questioned. Because these molecules prove invaluable in studies examining UVR effects on bacterial production, molecule integrity during and after exposure to UVR is critical. The stability of both radiolabeled and non‐radiolabeled leucine and thymidine stability was examined after UVR exposure. Solutions of [3H]TdR and [3H]leu were prepared in deionized water, 0.2 µm‐filtered estuarine and marine waters followed by sunlight exposure for 4 h centered around solar noon. Incorporation of each irradiated substrate by bacterioplankton was then determined in Pensacola Bay and Gulf of Mexico waters and compared with incorporation using nonirradiated replicate [3H]TdR and [3H]leu solutions. Differences in [3H]TdR incorporation rates for irradiated versus nonirradiated compounds were of marginal statistical difference when irradiated in seawater but not in distilled water whereas no statistical differences were observed for [3H]leu. However, nonradiolabeled samples analyzed after solar exposure using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed no significant difference for irradiated samples versus dark controls. Therefore, UVR exposure has no effect on compound integrity. Furthermore, there is no reason to discontinue use or question results obtained by employing [3H]TdR or [3H]leu during simultaneous exposure and incubation experiments measuring bacterial production. This type of incubation can lead to a more realistic view of the cumulative effect of UVR on bacterial production over the day rather than short incubations performed in the dark following exposure to sunlight.
Quality Assessment of Sachet Water Packaged Around Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Thirty brands of sachet water packaged within Kano metropolis were analysed for physico – chemical characteristics; colour, taste, odour, alkalinity, total hardness, pH, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, lead, zinc, chromium, copper, cobalt, nickel and manganese using standard methods. All samples were tasteless, colourless and odourless. The mean pH value fall within the range of 4.68 – 8.81, of which 20% were acidic. Alkalinity and total hardness are within WHO (1983) permissible limit, the value ranged between 3.33 to 31.67 and 0.00 to 66.8 mg/l respectively, except for a sample from site A that has no hardness. The concentration of sodium, potassium and calcium was found to be within the acceptable limit and the chloride of most of the sample (ranging 123 to 166 mg/l) is above the WHO acceptable limit (125mg/l). Of the heavy metals analysed lead, chromium, and nickel concentrations were found to be above the WHO permissible limit, while concentrations of copper and zinc were below the WHO (1983), permissible limit. Manganese concentration was found to fall within WHO permissible limit in 70% of the total samples, while 17%of the samples have concentrations above the WHO standard and four of the samples have concentration below the WHO recommendation. Key word: Physico-chemical characteristics, Sachet water, Kano Metropolis
Effect of MnO2 on the Piezoelectric Properties of (1-x)(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3–xBaTiO3 Ceramics

(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 (NKN) and BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics form a homogeneous solid solution. The relative density of the (1-x)NKN–xBT solid solutions significantly decreased when x≤0.07. Although the relative density of the 0.95NKN–0.05BT ceramic was very low, it had a high d33 value of 134 pC/N. MnO2 was added to improve the piezoelectric properties of the 0.95NKN–0.05BT ceramics by enhancing their sinterability. The addition of MnO2 increased the density of the specimens, as well as improving the piezoelectric properties. The 0.9 mol % MnO2 added 0.95NKN–0.05BT ceramics showed the good piezoelectric properties of kp=0.31, d33=194 pC/N and ε3T/ ε0 = 800.
Tolerância ao déficit hídrico em genótipos de feijão-caupi

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological and productive characteristics of cowpea underwater deficit and total irrigation, under soil and climate conditions of Teresina, Piaui State, in 2008. Thestomatal conductance, leaf water potential, leaf temperature and grain yield of twenty cowpea cultivarswere evaluated. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with 20 treatments andfour replications, one under water deficit during the reproductive phase and another one under totalirrigation. The water deficit was obtained applying half of the water depth required by cowpea. The waterdeficit reduced 72% of the stomatal conductance, 40% the leaf transpiration, 62% of the leaf waterpotential, 60% of the grain yield and increased 11.7% the leaf temperature. Under water deficit, 13genotypes produced above average (466 kg ha -1 ), and BRS-Paraguacu, Pingo-de-ouro-1-2 andPingo-de-ouro-2 presented the best grain yield with712 kg ha -1 , 667 kg ha -1 and 642 kg ha
Itinerant electron metamagnetism and spin fluctuations in nearly ferromagnetic metals Y(Co1-xAlx)2

High-field magnetisation- and temperature-dependent susceptibility of Laves phase inter-metallic compounds Y(Co1-xAlx)2 are investigated in the strongly exchange-enhanced paramagnetic region (0<or=x<or=0.11) in pulsed magnetic fields up to 100 T. In the whole concentration range, a sharp metamagnetic transition is observed in the low-temperature magnetisation process, while the low-field susceptibility exhibits a maximum at finite temperatures. The transition field Bc and the temperature of the susceptibility maximum Tmax obtained as a function of x indicate a linear relationship, i.e. Bc/Tmax=constant. The result clearly suggests that the susceptibility maximum of the nearly ferromagnetic metals is strongly correlated with itinerant electron metamagnetism.
Effect of seed source, containers and seed treatment with chemical and biopesticide on storability of scented rice Cv. Mugad sugandha*

A storage experiment was conducted to understand the effect of organic and integrated management practices of seed production and storage containers along with organic (insecticide and fungicide) and organic (botanicals) as seed treatments on seed viability of scented rice cv. Mugad sugandha at University of Agricultural Sciences. Dharwad for 20 months during 2006-07. The experimental results revealed that though organically grown seeds maintained significantly higher germination at the end of storage, but failed to maintain the seedling vigour. seeds produced INM recorded the significantly high seedling vigour index and lower electrical conductivity, seeds stored in polythene bag recorded significantly high values for all the seed quality traits except electrical conductivity and moisture content fluctuations. Either organically grown or INM seeds of scented rice treated with insecticide (malathion @ 10 g/kg of seed) and fungicide (thiram @ 2g/kg of seed), calcium oxychloride (5 g/kg of seed), arappu leaf powder (25 g/kg of seed) stored in polyethene bag (0.1 mm thickness) retained germination (more than MSCS) and seedling vigour more than 20 months of storage period under ambient conditions of Dharwad (Mugad). Among the botanicals tested, arappu leaf powder (Albizzia amara) is found to be better in maintaining seed viability and vigour in scented rice seed upto 20 months.
Microbial occurrence at different freezing duration in speckled shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, 1798) from local markets of Dhaka city

A study was carried out at four different (0, 1, 7 and 30 days) freezing durations in regard to the microbiological incidence in speckled shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros) from three different local markets Ananda bazaar, New Market and Polashi bazaar of Dhaka city. The study unveiled that Ananda bazaar samples were more or less contaminated than those of others. The microbial load varied with market sources as total bacteria count (TBC), total coliform count (TCC) and faecal coliform count (FCC) were found in all the storage periods crossing the acceptable limit. Except for E. coli (EC), all the bacterial counts were significantly different (p < 0.05) in 7 and 30 days freezing durations. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in all freezing durations only for EC counts. After 30 days storage duration for all counts showed 101 cfu/g reduction of microbial load from every initial count. The Salmonella-Shigella (SS) and Vibrio spp. were identified in all the samples of the three markets. In case of biochemical composition, an inverse relation was found in moisture protein and moisture fat where the moisture content increased after 30 days freezing duration but protein and lipid contents decreased with time. This study revealed that shrimp available in local markets of Dhaka city was highly ingested with pathogenic bacteria which indicate the unhygienic condition of the market premises.
Device model for polymer light-emitting diodes: effect of temperature and oxidation

We present a temperature-dependent single carrier device model for polymer light-emitting diodes. The model includes both the injection of charge carriers over a barrier and the transport of charge across the device. To test the model, the temperature dependence of an LED based on the conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2'ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) with indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum contacts was studied. Good agreement with experiment is found using a strongly field and temperature dependent mobility. Current-voltage characteristics were fitted over a temperature range from 100 K to 300 K using three parameters: the barrier to injection, the zero-field mobility, and the field dependence of the mobility. The resulting mobility parameters have an activation energy type form and are found to vary with temperature according to previously reported results. The barrier height to injection is found to decrease strongly between 300 K and 220 K, but decreases more slowly below 220 K. This reduction with temperature is found to relate to the red-shift of the absorption peak of MEH-PPV. The model is used to fit current-voltage characteristics of aged devices. The effect of photo-oxidation is well described by the model through a reduction of mobility at constant barrier height, giving insight into the effects of the creation of charge trapping carbonyl groups in the bulk polymer on injection and transport.