Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New distribution coefficient for the incorporation of strontium into dolomite and its implications for the formation of ancient dolomites

Late Tertiary dolomites form the Bahamas exhibit a strong inverse correlation between Sr and mol% MgCO{sub 3}. It is proposed that this relation is a result of a distribution coefficient dependent on the concentration of Ca in dolomite. Because these dolomites precipitated from water with a Sr{sup 2+}/Ca{sup 2+} ratio similar to that of seawater, a distribution coefficient (D{sub Sr}{sup dolomite}) of 0.0118 is calculated for Sr in stoichiometric dolomite. This coefficient increases by about 0.0039 for every additional mol% CaCO{sub 3} in nonstoichiometric dolomite. These data have three important implication. First, the new D{sub Sr}{sup dolomite} is substantially lower than previously suggested. Second, a relation has been established among the Sr{sup 2+}/Ca{sup 2+} ratio of dolomite-forming waters, the major element composition of dolomites, and the Sr content of dolomites, allowing the determination of the Sr{sup 2+}/Ca{sup 2+} ratio of fluids involved in the formation of ancient dolomites. Third, some published data sets on dolomites show a similar relation between Sr content and major element composition suggesting that these dolomites may also have formed from seawater. Other data sets deviate from the correlation defined by Little Bahama Bank dolomites, indicating either dolomitization in fluids other than seawater or changes ofmore » the Sr{sup 2+}/Ca{sup 2+} ratio of seawater through time. « less
Edinburgh Research Explorer Paget disease of bone-associated UBA domain mutations of SQSTM1 exerts distinct effects on protein structure and function

SQSTM1 mutationsare common inpatients with Pagetdisease of bone(PDB),with mostaffectingtheC-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain of the SQSTM1 protein. We performed structural and functional analyses of two UBA domain mutations, an I424S mutation relatively common in UK PDB patients, and an A427D mutation associatedwithaseverephenotypeinSouthernItalianpatients.BothimpairedSQSTM1'subiquitin-bindingfunc-tion in pull-down assays and resulted in activation of basal NF- κ B signalling, compared to wild-type, in reporter assays.WefoundevidenceforarelationshipbetweentheabilityofdifferentUBAdomainmutantstoactivateNF-κ Bsignallinginvitroandnumberofaffectedsitesinvivoin1152PDBpatientsfromtheUKandItaly,withA427D-SQSTM1 producingthe greatest level of activation (relative to wild-type) of all PDBmutants tested to date.NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry studies were ableto demonstrate that I424S is associated with global structural changes in the UBA domain, resulting in 10-fold weaker UBA dimer stability than wild-type and reduced ubiquitin-binding af ﬁ nity of the UBA monomer. Our observations provide insights into the role of SQSTM1-mediated NF- κ B signalling in PDB aetiology, and demonstrate that different mutations in close proximity within loop 2/helix3 oftheSQSTM1UBA domainexert distinct effects on protein structure and stability,including indi-rect effects at the UBA/ubiquitin-binding interface. © 2014 Authors. the ability of of NF- κ B activity in cell models and extent of PDB in with the cor-respondingmutations. Further, report loss of both structuralintegri-ty and stability of the I424S-UBA domain in biophysical experiments. The I424S and A427D mutants exert differing effects on SQSTM1 function relative to PDB mutants, demonstrating diverse molecular mechanisms operating in aetiology of
Effects of surface heating over Indochina and India landmasses on the summer monsoon over South China

Sensitivity experiments have been performed using a regional climate model to study the effect of land‐surface heating over the Indochina and Indian Peninsulas on the summer monsoon over South China. The term surface heating is defined here as the sum of sensible heat flux and net flux of longwave radiation from the surface. In each sensitivity experiment, the surface heating over the land surface of the region considered is cut off, but evaporation over the land surface and latent heat release are still permitted.
WORKING PAPER SERIES PUBLIC EDUCATION AND INTERGENERATIONAL HOUSING WEALTH EFFECTS

While rising house prices benefit existing homeowners, we document a new channel through which price shocks have intergenerational wealth effects. Using panel data from school zones within a large U.S. school district, we find that higher local house prices lead to improvements in local school quality, thereby increasing child human capital and future incomes. We quantify this housing wealth channel using an overlapping generations model with neighborhood choice, spatial equilibrium, and endogenous school quality. Housing market shocks in the model generate large intraand intergenerational wealth effects, with the latter accounting for over half of total wealth effects. Michael Gilraine Department of Economics New York University 19 West 4th Street New York, NY 10012 and NBER mike.gilraine@nyu.edu James Graham Department of Economics University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales 2006 Australia james.a. graham@sydney.edu Angela Zheng Department of Economics McMaster University Kenneth Taylor Hall 1280 Main St W Hamilton, Onta L8S 4E8 Canada zhenga17@mcmaster.ca
Velocity‐weakening behavior of plagioclase and pyroxene gouges and stabilizing effect of small amounts of quartz under hydrothermal conditions

We investigated properties of frictional sliding of plagioclase, pyroxene, and their mixture gouges with a small amount of hornblende, biotite, and quartz as accessory minerals, under hydrothermal conditions with an effective normal stress of 200 MPa, pore pressure of 30 MPa, and temperatures from 100°C to 600°C. Axial loading rate was stepped between 0.001 and 0.0001 mm/s to acquire the rate dependence. Both plagioclase and pyroxene gouges showed velocity‐weakening behavior in the whole temperature range except the velocity‐strengthening behavior of pyroxene at 200°C. For temperatures above 400°C, both plagioclase and pyroxene gouges showed oscillatory slips, as a result of small dc values of 3–4 µm which make the critical stiffness rise remarkably and approach the system stiffness. Above 300°C, the direct effect of plagioclase shows an increasing trend with temperature, indicating control of the deformation process by thermally activated mechanisms. As the difference of a and b values here are only 20% at most, this trend also applies to the evolution effect. Our analytical derivation based on the theory of pressure solution shows a log‐linear contact area growth with time that corresponds to an evolution effect, and estimations based on this encompass the plagioclase data, though the identification of actual mechanisms is not easy. Finally, it is found that a little quartz (3–5%) added to the plagioclase (60–62%)‐pyroxene (35%) mixture has a strong stabilizing effect, leading to a transition from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening. These results may help constrain the depth range of seismic slips on deep faults in the lower crust of gabbroic composition.
An apparent ionospheric response to the passage of hurricanes

In the course of an investigation designed to explore different aspects of a possible connection between tropospheric and ionospheric changes as indicated by a previous study,1 an interesting effect was noted. During 1954 and 1955, four hurricanes—Hazel (1954), and Connie, Diane, and lone (1955)—came close to Washington, D.C., for which meteorological and geophysical data were analyzed. Figure 1 shows the smoothed paths of these hurricanes according to the U.S. Weather Bureau Hurricane Tracking Chart.2
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Drawing on a Sculpted Space of Actions

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The observation of Doppler shifts of subionospheric LF signal in possible association with earthquakes

[1] The Doppler-shift observation of LF (f = 60 kHz) subionospheric signal from Saga (Kyushu) (with call sign of JJY) as observed at Chofu (CHF), has been used to investigate the properties of ionospheric perturbations possibly associated with earthquakes(EQs). The period of analysis is seismo-active half a year from January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2009, and six EQs with magnitude greater than 5.0 (in a range from 5.1 to 5.8, which took place within the wave sensitive area of the JJY-CHF path) are dealt with. It is found from the Doppler-shift observation at CHF that the Doppler shifts are really observed and the components in the frequency ranges of AGW (atmospheric gravity wave) and AW (acoustic wave) in the Doppler shifts are clearly enhanced, at least, before each EQ. This observational fact would lend a strong support to the important role of atmospheric oscillation channel in the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling mechanism.
Adaptation of the curve number approach to runoff estimation for loamy soils over a growing season for winter wheat: Comparison with the STREAM approach

This paper proposes an adaptation of the curve number (CN) approach to runoff estimation in an agricultural context. The approach is proposed for the north‐western European loess belt regions whose soils are very sensitive to surface crusting which can lead to runoff, soil erosion and muddy flows. The likelihood of runoff is assessed from the sequence of soil surface states generated by cultivation practices. The new approach is based on the calculation of CN values for each stage of the soil‐surface‐state sequence. The approach is described for winter‐sown wheat, which is the main crop of the European loess belt. The authors define a sequence made up of six stages from wheat sowing to sowing of a green manure (mustard) after wheat harvest. Use of a long‐term network of experimental plots set up in Upper Normandy enables protocols to be defined for calculating runoff for each of these stages. Results were compared to those obtained with the STREAM model. Runoff calculated from the CNs appeared to agree with the measured values, whereas results obtained with the STREAM model are less accurate. Starting from there, the authors provide the basis of a diagnostic tool based on the new CN approach using the soil surface conditions characterisation for adjusting CN data for cultivation practices not yet tested on experimental plots. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strengths-based Leadership and Employee Strengths Use: The Roles of Strengths Self-efficacy and Job Insecurity

Through the lens of self-efficacy and conservation of resources theories, the present study aims to test the mediating role of strengths self-efficacy and the moderating role of job insecurity in the relationship between strengths-based leadership and employee strengths use. Research data from 286 employees working in various organizations in China were gathered at three points in time, spaced by a four-week interval. A moderated mediation path analysis was utilized to test our hypotheses. Results demonstrated that strengths self-efficacy mediates the positive association of strengths-based leadership with employee strengths use, and job insecurity attenuates the direct association of strengths-based leadership with strengths self-efficacy and the indirect relationship of strengths-based leadership with employee strengths use through strengths self-efficacy. The present study advances our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between strengths-based leadership and employee strengths use
Broadband (ULF-VLF) surface impedance measurements using MIMDAS

Electromagnetic radiation from distant, discrete, ground-to-cloud lightning return-strokes can be recorded as atmospherics (spherics), using both electric and magnetic field antennas. The Earth-ionosphere waveguide filters this radiation into the ULF-VLF radio bands from 3 Hz to 30 kHz with a notch centred at approximately 2 kHz. The relationship between the orthogonal horizontal electric and magnetic field signatures at the receiver is directly related to the surface impedance of the Earth at that point. Transforming the transient fields to the frequency domain allows the calculation of the surface impedance over the frequency range determined by the sample rate and record length. From this, resistivity versus depth models of the Earth can be determined. This paper demonstrates that a discrete spheric can be considered as a broadband vertically polarised plane-wave source suitable for magnetotelluric (MT) style geophysical surveying, and that the data collected could be used to deduce the near-surface resistivity profile. The results from measurements made with MIM Exploration’s proprietary distributed acquisition system (MIMDAS) are presented. Multi-station data were acquired in a telluric profiling mode (without a magnetic field reference) to demonstrate spatial coherence and correlation with conventional MIMDAS MT pseudosections and IP inversion models. The advantages of the technique include the broad band of measurement and rapid data-acquisition time for reliable statistics. Valid data were collected between 24 kHz and less than 200 Hz and while stacking improves data integrity, useful information may be extracted from less than 5 ms of a 6 s record, corresponding to a single strong spheric. This technique has potential value in near-surface geotechnical applications and as an aid in removing statics from conventional continuous-MT survey data.
Sub‐mesoscale lateral density structure in the oceanic surface mixed layer

We investigate the horizontal scales of density variability in the surface mixed layer (SML) in the North Pacific Subtropical Front (STF) during a period of highly variable atmospheric forcing. Wavelet analysis shows that horizontal density variability is not restricted to scales, L, ≥10 km as previously suggested but extends to L = 2 km. The limiting L varies strongly with location and corresponds to a local internal Rossby radius that accounts for transient stratification above the seasonal thermocline. Density compensation in the SML, achieved when temperature and salinity effects cancel in their effect on density, occurs at 30°N at the climatological front associated with the northern boundary of the STF where large thermohaline gradients are observed. At 28°N, however, temperature gradients within the SML are not compensated by salinity, and horizontal density gradients result in 2 ≤ L ≤ 10 km. Our observations suggest dynamic processes restratify the SML at scales rarely resolved by numerical models of the SML.
Mantle plumes and Antarctica-New Zealand rifting: evidence from mid-Cretaceous mafic dykes

Ocean floor magnetic anomalies show that New Zealand was the last continental fragment to separate from Antarctica during Gondwana break-up, drifting from Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica, about 84 Ma ago. Prior to continental drift, a voluminous suite of mafic dykes (dated by Ar–Ar laser stepped heating at 107 ± 5 Ma) and anorogenic silicic rocks, including syenites and peralkaline granitoids (95–102 Ma), were emplaced in Marie Byrd Land during a rifting event. The mafic dyke suite includes both high- and low-Ti basalts. Trace element and Sr and Nd isotope compositions of the mafic dykes may be modelled by mixing between tholeiitic OIB (asthenosphere-derived) and alkaline high- to low-Ti alkaline magmas (lithospheric mantle derived). Pb isotopes indicate that the OIB component had a HIMU composition. We suggest that the rift-related magmatism was generated in the vicinity of a mantle plume. The plume helped to control the position of continental separation within the very wide region of continental extension that developed when the Pacific–Phoenix spreading ridge approached the subduction zone. Separation of New Zealand from Antarctica occurred when the Pacific–Phoenix spreading centre propagated into the Antarctic continent. Sea floor spreading in the region of the mantle plume may have caused an outburst of volcanism along the spreading ridge generating an oceanic plateau, now represented by the 10–15 km thick Hikurangi Plateau situated alongside the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. The plateau consists of tholeiitic OIB-MORB basalt, regarded as Cretaceous in age, and similar in composition to the putative tholeiitic end-member in the Marie Byrd Land dykes. The mantle plume is proposed to now underlie the western Ross Sea, centred beneath Mount Erebus, where it was largely responsible for the very voluminous, intraplate, alkaline McMurdo Volcanic Group. A second mantle plume beneath Marie Byrd Land formed the Cenozoic alkaline volcanic province.
Constraints on crustal attenuation and three-dimensional spatial distribution of stress drop in Switzerland

SUMMARY We employ two different methods to estimate attenuation-corrected source spectra and calcu-late Brune stress drops of small to medium earthquakes in Switzerland and the surrounding region. We test trade-offs between source and travel path contributions by comparing results between a data-driven and a model-dependent method of distinguishing between the two. Systematic differences between results from both methods can best be reconciled by assuming intrinsic whole-path attenuation to be frequency dependent. A two-parameter grid search based on a power-law Q ( f ) function reveals trade-offs that prevent us from quantifying a more exact frequency dependence. However, a comparison of the two-source parameter inversion methods with synthetic tests provide evidence for a non-negligible frequency dependence of Q between 1 and 30 Hz. Consideration of these implications on the attenuation model, as well as consideration of lateral and vertical variations of velocity and quality factor reduces the scatter of the obtained stress drop estimates. Synthetic tests conﬁrm that both methods are able to robustly resolve lateral variations of Brune stress drop with quantiﬁable uncertainty estimates. Resulting lateral variations show reduced stress drop along the Alpine deformation front. This pattern points to tectonic causes and may be due to variations in differential stress.
Resolving the spatial and cellular architecture of lung adenocarcinoma by multiregion single-cell sequencing.

Little is known of the geospatial architecture of individual cell populations in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) evolution. Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing of 186,916 cells from 5 early-stage LUADs and 14 multi-region normal lung tissues of defined spatial proximities from the tumors. We show that cellular lineages, states, and transcriptomic features geospatially evolve across normal regions to LUADs. LUADs also exhibit pronounced intratumor cell heterogeneity within single sites and transcriptional lineage-plasticity programs. T regulatory cell phenotypes are increased in normal tissues with proximity to LUAD, in contrast to diminished signatures and fractions of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, antigen-presenting macrophages and inflammatory dendritic cells. We further find that the LUAD ligand-receptor interactome harbors increased expression of epithelial CD24 which mediates pro-tumor phenotypes. These data provide a spatial atlas of LUAD evolution, and a resource for identification of targets for its treatment.
OPTH_A_352964 723..731

Purpose: Self-medication is the selection and use of drugs by individuals to treat self-diagnosed diseases or symptoms. While some patients regard self-medicating as harmless, it is far from being a safe practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward self-medicating eye symptoms in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire on a study population that consisted of Saudi nationals aged 18 and older who were using or had previously used ophthalmic medications. Results: Among the 524 responses obtained, 79.4% were female, and more than half were less than 40 years old. Participants admitting to practicing ophthalmic self-medication measured 62.4%. The most commonly self-prescribed ophthalmic medications were artificial tears (n=276), followed by antiallergic (n=57) and antibiotic medications (n=33). Many participants reported that the reason for self-treatment was for repeated and simple symptoms that did not require professional care. While approximately 51% showed high levels of knowledge about ophthalmic medications, no significant relationship was seen with their choice to self-medicate (P=0.153). Conclusion: Despite detecting a high level of knowledge and acceptable practices and attitudes among participants, a high incidence of self-medication was observed. This effect was mostly attributed to long hospital waiting times and patient self-diagnosis. Increasing the number of healthcare units and properly educating patients on ophthalmic medications may help decrease the incidence of selfmedication.
Regionalization of Peninsular Spain based on the length of dry spells

Firstly, the number of dry spells made up of consecutive dry days with thresholds more than or equal to 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mm have been taken into account, as well as the days comprising them, from 35 observatories in Peninsular Spain, for the period 1951‐1990 and they have been represented on maps. In a like fashion, the longest spells, of length equal to or greater than 7, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, and the number of days comprising them, for a threshold of 0.1 mm, have been taken into account and mapped. In a great part of Spain, the mean and maximum lengths of the dry spells are very high. Secondly, Markov chains of different orders, up to the tenth-order, have been used to fit the duration of dry spells of different lengths, with a 0.1 mm threshold. The adjustment of the general distribution of the dry spells according to their length and the adjustment of the longest spells, those that exceed 1, 2 or 3 months duration, have been considered. The goodness (or not) of the adjustments permits regionalization of the country, showing up three types of behaviour: one, a Markovian in which the adjustments are acceptable, in the north of Spain; a second, with good general adjustment, but with notable discrepancies between the empirical values and those estimated for the longest spells, in a central area; and a third, in which both adjustments have to be rejected, and so drought can not be considered a Markovian phenomenon, in the south. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society.