Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The In Vitro Antifungal Impact of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma sp. on Fusarium sp.

Fusarium sp. is a significant pathogenic fungus responsible for causing wilt in various plants, including chilies, eggplants, and shallots. One approach to address this issue involves utilizing secondary metabolites from the fungus Trichoderma sp. These metabolites were applied at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% alongside a fungicide called M-Dithane 45, following the recommended dosage specified on the packaging. This research aims to evaluate the impact of these secondary metabolites in suppressing the Fusarium sp. pathogen. The study occurred at the Plant Health Laboratory I within the Faculty of Agriculture at Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” East Java from October to December 2022. It adopted a single-factor, Completely Randomized Design (CRD), and data analysis was carried out using R-studio software. In vitro analysis was conducted through the dual culture technique on a PDA medium, assessing inhibition percentages and observing the morphology of Fusarium sp. fungi. The results demonstrated that the highest inhibition percentage of Fusarium sp. occurred at a 30% concentration, reaching 26% compared to the control group. Morphological examinations of Fusarium sp. indicated that all treatments affected the growth of abnormal hyphae, including bending, curling, coiling, and lysis.
The Development Strategy of Dual-Channel Supply Chain of Smart Elderly Care Service from the Perspective of Time Perception

The development of smart elderly industry is an inevitable way to cope with the aging of the population. This research takes the smart elderly care service supply chain as the object, combines the social emotional choice theory for the first time, and uses the time perception to refine the elderly care demand into future-orientation demand and present-orientation demand. This paper analyzes the coordination effect of suppliers’ efforts to meet the needs of the elderly under the two conditions of no contract and benefit-sharing contract on the dual-channel supply chain of smart elderly care services. The results show that the benefit-sharing contract is more conducive to maximizing the profit of the supply chain, and the segmentation of elderly demand is conducive to giving full play to the advantages of dual-channel differentiated services, which is conducive to forming a win-win situation of improving the service efficiency of the smart elderly service supply chain and increasing the happiness index of elderly users. The main contributions of this paper are: Using geriatric behavioral psychology to analyze the motivation of the elderly and designing the service effort level index considering the needs of the elderly. Match online and offline channels with personalized services to give full play to the “smart” effect. Based on the game method of Hotelling and Stackelberg, the coordination and optimization of the smart elderly care services dual-channel supply chain, considering the needs of the elderly are realized. This is of great research significance for maximizing the benefits of the smart elderly service supply chain and promoting the development of the smart elderly industry.
Optimizing fertilizer use within the context of integrated soil fertility management in Mali.

Generally, smallholders readily adopt new good agricultural practices (GAP), including new varieties, use of fertilizers and good husbandry methods. Where appropriate, double cropping is practised and fertilizer use varies according to farmers’ financial capacity. In the south and west of the country, inputs may be provided for cotton and maize production and fertilizers are used more in the cereal-cotton rotation than cropping systems that do not include cotton. The value of complementing fertilizer use by manure application is recognized. Farmers welcome herdsmen to ‘overnight-park’ livestock on their fields during the dry season to gain the excreted urine and faeces.
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day tropospheric ozone distribution and trends relevant to vegetation

This Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) on the current state of knowledge of ozone metrics of relevance to vegetation (TOAR-Vegetation) reports on present-day global distribution of ozone at over 3300 vegetated sites and the long-term trends at nearly 1200 sites. TOAR-Vegetation focusses on three metrics over vegetation-relevant time-periods across major world climatic zones: M12, the mean ozone during 08:00-19:59; AOT40, the accumulation of hourly mean ozone values over 40 ppb during daylight hours, and W126 with stronger weighting to higher hourly mean values, accumulated during 08:00-19:59. Although the density of measurement stations is highly variable across regions, in general, the highest ozone values (mean, 2010-14) are in mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, including southern USA, the Mediterranean basin, northern India, north, north-west and east China, the Republic of Korea and Japan. The lowest metric values reported are in Australia, New Zealand, southern parts of South America and some northern parts of Europe, Canada and the USA. Regional-scale assessments showed, for example, significantly higher AOT40 and W126 values in East Asia (EAS) than Europe (EUR) in wheat growing areas (p < 0.05), but not in rice growing areas. In NAM, the dominant trend during 1995-2014 was a significant decrease in ozone, whilst in EUR it was no change and in EAS it was a significant increase. TOAR-Vegetation provides recommendations to facilitate a more complete global assessment of ozone impacts on vegetation in the future, including: an increase in monitoring of ozone and collation of field evidence of the damaging effects on vegetation; an investigation of the effects on peri-urban agriculture and in mountain/upland areas; inclusion of additional pollutant, meteorological and inlet height data in the TOAR dataset; where not already in existence, establishing new region-specific thresholds for vegetation damage and an innovative integration of observations and modelling including stomatal uptake of the pollutant.
Assessment of Sourdough Fermentation Impact on the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Pearl Millet from Burkina Faso

Millet, a gluten-free cereal, has received attention for its environmental friendliness and higher protein content than other grains. It represents a staple food in many African countries, where fermentation is traditionally used for preserving food products and preparing different cereal-based products. This study aimed to assess the impact of sourdough fermentation on bioactive compounds and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pearl millet from Burkina Faso. Phenolic compounds were investigated spectrophotometrically and by HPLC-DAD. The antioxidant activity of unfermented (MF) and fermented (FeMF) millet was evaluated in vitro by spectrophotometric and fluorometric assays and ex vivo on oxidized human erythrocytes for hemolysis inhibition. Finally, the potential anti-inflammatory effect of FeMF and MF was evaluated on human adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) exposed to TNF-α inflammatory stimulus. Results revealed significantly higher levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity following millet fermentation. Notable differences in phenolic composition between FeMF and MF are observed, with fermentation facilitating the release of bioactive compounds such as gallic acid, quercetin, and rutin. A dose-dependent protection against oxidative hemolysis was observed in both FeMF- and MF-pretreated erythrocytes. Similarly, pretreatment with FeMF significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory markers in TNF-α-treated cells, with effects comparable to those of MF. Fermentation with sourdough represents a simple and low-cost method to improve the bioactive compounds content and in vitro antioxidant activity of millet flour with promising nutraceutical potential.
Biochemical properties and hydrolytic activity in the nutria (Myocastor coypus) digestive tract

Current understanding of site-specific digestion of carbohydrates in mammals is that whereas starch can be degraded by mammalian enzymes, other complex carbohydrates (e.g. pectin, inulin, xylan or cellulose) are typically digested by the enzymes of symbiotic microbes. To test whether the previously reported presence of complex carbohydrate-digesting enzymes in the small intestine of sheep represent actual small intestinal enzyme activity or just outflux of microbial enzymes from the forestomach, we applied the same methodology of isolating enzymes from gastrointestinal contents and applying them in vitro to test substrates in nutria (Myocastor coypus), a hindgut-fermenting rodent without a forestomach. No enzymatic activity against carbohydrates was detected in the stomach, excluding an effect of coprophagy on the presence of the investigated enzymes. While – as expected – starch digestion was highest in the small intestine, and that of the other carbohydrates was highest in the caecum, there was nevertheless detectable enzymatic activity against pectin, inulin, xylan and cellulose in the small intestine. Further investigations notwithstanding, we suggest that these results indicate a certain degree of unspecific carbohydrase activity by small intestinal enzymes that plays no relevant role in vivo due to the short residence time of digesta in the small intestine.
Burnout, Compassion Fatigue and Vicarious Traumatic Experiences Among Social Workers: Emotional Regulation as a Protective Factor

This study was based on burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious traumatic experience among social worker, and emotional regulation as a protective factor. The social workers were those who supported flood victims in different cities of Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to find the importance of emotional regulation among social workers in situations of burnout and compassion fatigue. Research participants were 200 individuals, with age range of 18 to 30 years (early adulthood). The data was collected from social welfare organizations. The study was quantitative in nature. Snowball sampling technique was used. The Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) by Gross and John (Gross & John, 2003). Burnout, Compassion Fatigue and Vicarious Trauma Assessment by the Crisis & Trauma Resource Institute, were administered on the participants. To test the hypothesis regression analysis was used to determine the impact of emotional regulation on burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious traumatic experience. Pearson Bivariate correlation analysis was used to determine the association between emotional regulation, vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue and burnout. Independent sample T Test was used to evaluate the gender differences in level of emotional regulation, burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious traumatic experience. The result showed significant impact of emotional regulation on burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious traumatic experience among social workers. The result also shows that there is significant negative correlation between burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious traumatic experience. Hypothetical and actual results are closely related.
Effective Removal of Different Heavy Metals Ion (Cu, Pb, and Cd) from Aqueous Solutions by Various Molecular Weight and Salt Types of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid

In light of industrial developments, water pollution by heavy metals as hazardous chemicals has garnered attention. Addressing the urgent need for efficient heavy metal removal from aqueous environments, this study delves into using poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) for the bioflocculation of heavy metals. Utilizing γ-PGA variants from Bacillus subtilis with different molecular weights and salt forms (Na-bonded and Ca-bonded), the research evaluates their adsorption capacities for copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) ions. It was found that Na-bonded γ-PGA with a high molecular weight showed the highest heavy metal adsorption (92.2–98.3%), particularly at a 0.5% concentration which exhibited the highest adsorption efficiency. Additionally, the study investigated the interaction of γ-PGA in mixed heavy metal environments, and it was discovered that Na-γ-PGA-HM at a 0.5% concentration showed a superior adsorption efficiency for Pb ions (85.4%), highlighting its selectivity as a potential effective biosorbent for wastewater treatment. This research not only enlightens the understanding of γ-PGA’s role in heavy metal remediation but also underscores its potential as a biodegradable and non-toxic alternative for environmental cleanup. The findings pave the way for further exploration into the mechanisms and kinetics of γ-PGA’s adsorption properties.
The Vascularized Fibula as Salvage Procedure in Extremity Reconstruction: A Retrospective Analysis of Time to Heal and Possible Confounders

The vascularized fibula transfer is a well-established technique for extremity reconstruction, but operative planning and patient selection remains crucial. Although recently developed techniques for bone reconstruction, such as bone segment transfer, are becoming increasingly popular, bone defects may still require vascularized bone grafts under certain circumstances. In this study, 41 cases, 28 (68%) men and 13 (32%) women (median age: 40 years), were retrospectively analyzed. Therapy-specific data (flap vascularity [free vs. pedicled] size in cm and configuration [single- vs. double-barrel], mode of fixation [internal/external]) and potential risk factors were ascertained. Indications for reconstruction were osteomyelitis at host site (n = 23, 55%), pseudarthrosis (n = 8, 20%), congenital deformity (n = 6, 15%), traumatic defect, and giant cell tumor of the bone (n = 2, 5% each). Complete healing occurred in 34 (83%) patients after a median time of 6 months. Confounders for prolonged healing were female gender (p = 0.002), reconstruction in the lower limb (p = 0.011), smoking (p = 0.049), and the use of an external fixator (p = 0.009). Six (15%) patients required secondary limb amputation due to reconstruction failure, and one patient had persistent pseudarthrosis at last follow-up. The only risk factor for amputation assessed via logistic regression analysis was preexisting PAOD (peripheral artery occlusive disease; p = 0.008) The free fibula is a reliable tool for extremity reconstruction in various cases, but time to full osseous integration may exceed six months. Patients should be encouraged to cease smoking as it is a modifiable risk factor.
Revisiting the Failure-Innovation Performance Relationship: A Quantile Regression Evidence From Korean SME

The question persists whether failures are invariably negative and therefore, something that should be avoided. The literature is inconclusive and offers mixed results, which include the positive and negative effects of failure, along with claims that not all firms always benefit from them. This study aims to reevaluate the failure-innovation performance relationship. By conducting a quantile regression analysis, this study reveals that only firms beyond a threshold level of innovativeness may benefit from their experiences of failure. Moreover, firms with high innovation performance benefit more from their innovation failures than those with low innovation performance. Our results suggest that the relationship between failure and innovation performance differs at various levels of innovation performance.
PENGARUH SOCIAL COMPARISON TERHADAP BODY IMAGE PADA WANITA DI HARMONY FITNESS CENTER SUMBAWA BESAR

This study aims to determine the effect of social comparison on body image of women at Harmony Fitness Center Sumbawa Besar. This research method uses descriptive quantitative method. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling and the determination of the large number of samples with the Slovin formula for the critical value or the accuracy limit of 10%. The sample in this study amounted to 53 women aged 18-40 years, fitness center customers, exercise intensity 2-3 times a week. The research measuring instrument used is the social comparison scale and the body image scale. The results of the analysis show that social comparison has an effect on body image in women with a significance value of Sig. 0.000 (Sig. <0.05) R Square value of 0.266 so it can be said that the higher the social comparison, the higher the body image of women.
Contributions of Internal Variability and External Forcing to the Recent Pacific Decadal Variations

There is substantial uncertainty in the relative contributions of internal variability and external forcing to the recent Pacific decadal variability, especially regarding their linkage with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. By analyzing observations and large ensembles of coupled climate model simulations, here we show that observed Pacific decadal variations since 1920 resulted primarily from internal variability, although greenhouse gas (GHG) and other external forcing did modulate decadal variations in Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) significantly, especially for the period since the early 1990s. Specifically, the GHG‐induced warming and the recovery from the volcanic cooling caused by the 1991 Pinatubo eruption led to large warming in the tropical Pacific during 1993–2012, while recent anthropogenic aerosols contributed to Pacific regional SST variations on multiyear to decadal scales, causing a La Niña‐like cooling pattern in the Pacific since 1998 in some of the models. Our results provide new evidence that both internal variability and external forcing have contributed to the recent decadal variations in Pacific SSTs since the early 1990s, although large uncertainties exist among the model‐simulated effects of anthropogenic aerosols.
Weather, Climate and Production Risk

We investigate climate change impacts on productivity and production risk on U. S. Pacific Northwest winter wheat farms. Using farm-level data from the Census of Agriculture, we use a partial-moment-based approach to estimate climate and irrigation influences on winter wheat yield and farm net return distributions. Mean precipitation, growing degree-days, and freezing degree-days are shown to have highly distinct seasonal effects on the first three moments of the farm-level yield and net return distributions. Irrigation substantially increases the certainty equivalent of irrigated farms by shifting the winter wheat yield distribution outwards, and by increasing mean net returns but also decreasing the skewness of the net return distribution and thus reducing downside risk. By the mid-21st century, climate-change projections from 20 global climate models downscaled to the study region reveal a range of possible positive and negative effects on the winter wheat yield and net return distributions.
Exploration of the Art of Rodat Dance: How Social Education and Character Education Collaborate with Cultural Students?

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to determine the form of revitalization carried out by the Sumber community in maintaining and developing local culture in Sumber Village, as well as to determine the form of social capital as a form of encouragement for the community to revitalize local culture. Methodology: The research used in this research is qualitative with phenomenological methods. The populationthis research is all the Sumber Village community who are involved efforts to revitalize Rodat Dance. Data collection used this research interview sheets and documentation. Data analysis using content analysis, interviews and observation notes. Data collection carried out through in-depth interviews with community, dance artists, village government representatives. Main Findings: The results of the research are the revitalization process carried out by the Sumber community in reviving Rodat culture by forming new Rodat members, carrying out activities and discovering new characteristics of Rodat dance, introducing culture the younger generation, holding cultural festivals as first step revitalization. Efforts carry out local cultural revitalization activities in Sumber Village are seen based three basic elements of social capital, namely trust in preserving cultural heritage, building social networks to carry out cultural festival activities. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of applying local wisdom in social education creates promising new paradigm in understanding and overcoming social problems. By integrating local wisdom into the social education curriculum, this approach emphasizes relevance and depth students' understanding of the social reality around them. This is not just about providing information about social issues, but also exploring and utilizing existing local knowledge.
High‐resolution projection of climate change and extremity over Israel using COSMO‐CLM

High‐resolution climate projections over Israel (about 8 km) have been obtained with the regional model COSMO‐CLM, nested into the CORDEX‐MENA simulations at 25 km resolution. This simulation provides high‐resolution spatial variability of total precipitation and precipitation intensity. Projections are presented not only in terms of average properties, but also using a subset of extreme temperature and precipitation indices from the standard Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) for the period 2041–2070 with respect to 1981–2010 (RCP4.5).
Geosite Assessment Using Three Different Methods; a Comparative Study of the Krupaja and the Žagubica Springs – Hydrological Heritage of Serbia

Abstract Hydrological heritage is a relatively new concept in the field of geosite assessment. The principal aim of this study is to apply M-GAM (Modified geosite assessment model) for comparative analysis of the Krupaja spring and the Žagubica (Mlava) spring, located in Homolje area, in Eastern Serbia. According to the classification of geosites of Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, these sites are on the list of protected sites (“hydro(geo)logical” heritage sites) of extraordinary national importance; however, they still have not gained necessary recognition in Serbia. Thus, their assessment according to different target groups should provide a clearer picture of their current condition. As M-GAM considers that not all indicators for evaluation of geosites are of the same importance, this paper applies two methods for comparing and determining the importance of indicators and subindicators in the model (Analytical-hierarchy process (AHP) and descriptive statistics conducted by SPSS). Also, it is assumed that different target groups will give different importance to some indicators in the model, which would result in various evaluation scores for the same geosites. The paper also provides a comparative analysis of the assessment carried out by two different target groups – potential geotourists and geoexperts. The results obtained by AHP and descriptive statistics are quite similar, which confirms the reliability of respondents’ answers and the results gained. The analyzed sites are differently positioned in the evaluation matrix, and implications are further discussed in the paper.