Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Home Advantage in the Brazilian Elite Football: Verifying managers' capacity to outperform their disadvantage

Home advantage (HA) in football, soccer is well documented in the literature; however, the explanation for such phenomenon is yet to be completed, as this paper demonstrates that it is possible to overcome such disadvantage through managerial planning and intervention (tactics), an effect so far absent in the literature. To accomplish that, this study develops an integrative theoretical model of team performance to explain HA based on prior literature, pushing its limits to unfold the manager role in such a persistent pattern of performance in soccer. Data on one decade of the national tournament of Brazil was obtained from public sources, including information about matches and coaches of all 12 teams who played these competitions. Our conceptual modeling allows an empirical analysis of HA and performance that covers the effects of tactics, presence of supporters in matches and team fatigue via logistic regression. The results confirm the HA in the elite division of Brazilian soccer across all levels of comparative technical quality, a new variable introduced to control for a potential technical gap between teams (something that would turn the managerial influence null). Further analysis provides evidence that highlights managerial capacity to block the HA effect above and beyond the influences of fatigue (distance traveled) and density of people in the matches. This is the case of coaches Abel Braga, Marcelo Fernandes and Roger Machado, who were capable to reverse HA when playing against teams of similar quality. Overall, the home advantage diminishes as the comparative quality increases but disappears only when the two teams are of extremely different technical quality.
Behaviour, Energetics, and Associated Mortality of Young-of-the-Year White Perch (Morone americana) and Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) under Simulated Winter Conditions

After 150 d of simulated winter conditions, 71.2% of the white perch (Morone americana) had died at 2.5 °C, while only 11.1% had died at 4.0 °C. For yellow perch (Perca flavescens), 0.8% had died at 2.5 °C, while 17.7% had died at 4.0 °C. For both species, small fish died first. Multiple regression models relating overwinter mortality versus fall total length and winter duration predict 3.3 times greater mortality for white perch versus similar sized yellow perch at winter temperature regimes typical of the Great Lakes region. In laboratory tanks, white perch remained active throughout the winter period, while yellow perch sought cover and rested on or near the bottom of the experimental tanks. As a direct consequence, yellow perch had a lower routine metabolic rate and consumed body energy more gradually than white perch. During their inactive wintering period at 4.0 °C, yellow perch consumed 25.8% less oxygen than white perch. Actual measurements of dry weight loss indicated that yellow perch in the exp.
Study on genetic diversity and its relation to heterosis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Diversity is an important criterion in the selection of elite germplasm lines to develop highly heterotic F1 hybrids. The heterosis and diversity study was conducted on 28 F1 hybrids of brinjal derived from germplasm lines viz., IC-112995, IC-111305, IC-90952, IC-99704, IC-99663, IC-136210, IC-126784 and a local cultivar Manjri Gota at botany garden, UAS Dharwad during summer 2006. Fruit weight (g), number of fruits per plant and fruit yield (g) exhibited considerably high magnitude of heterosis. High heterosis for fruit yield was attributed to increased fruit weight and number of fruits per plant. Thirty six entries comprising 28 F1 hybrids and 8 parents were grouped in six clusters. Based on parental divergence, all 28 hybrids were grouped in 4 divergence classes. The combination of heterosis and diversity analysis indicated the high frequency of hybrids classified under DC2 and DC3 suggesting moderate genetic diversity is most desirable to produce highly heterotic hybrids.
Shaping Level Sets with Submodular Functions

We consider a class of sparsity-inducing regularization terms based on submodular functions. While previous work has focused on non-decreasing functions, we explore symmetric submodular functions and their Lovasz extensions. We show that the Lovasz extension may be seen as the convex envelope of a function that depends on level sets (i.e., the set of indices whose corresponding components of the underlying predictor are greater than a given constant): this leads to a class of convex structured regularization terms that impose prior knowledge on the level sets, and not only on the supports of the underlying predictors. We provide unified optimization algorithms, such as proximal operators, and theoretical guarantees (allowed level sets and recovery conditions). By selecting specific submodular functions, we give a new interpretation to known norms, such as the total variation; we also define new norms, in particular ones that are based on order statistics with application to clustering and outlier detection, and on noisy cuts in graphs with application to change point detection in the presence of outliers.
Distribution of cryptic mussel species (Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus) along wave exposure gradients on northwest Atlantic rocky shores

Abstract We determined the distribution of two cryptic mussel species (Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus) along full gradients of wave exposure in northwest Atlantic rocky intertidal habitats. Research was conducted in Nova Scotia (Canada) and Maine (United States) and species were determined using genetic analyses. In very sheltered habitats, only M. edulis occurred. In sheltered, exposed, and very exposed habitats, both species co-existed, M. edulis predominating in Maine and M. trossulus in Nova Scotia. Hybrids were absent or rare. The distribution of mussels regardless of species (Mytilus spp.) was remarkably consistent across levels of wave exposure in both regions. In very sheltered habitats, organisms were large (4–5 cm long, on average) and old (7–8 years, on average) and occurred in low densities. In sheltered, exposed, and very exposed habitats, organisms were small (< 1 cm, on average) and young (1–2 years, on average); density was low in sheltered and very exposed habitats, but high in exposed habitats. Abundance data for predatory snails (dogwhelks, Nucella lapillus) and canopy-forming algae (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus spp.) suggest that predation and facilitation may explain some of the observed changes in mussel population traits along the wave exposure gradients. Our results could be useful as baseline information to predict the effects of the progressive increase in wave action caused by climate change on intertidal mussel populations.
Spectral flow for pair compatible equipartitions

Abstract We show that a recent spectral flow approach proposed by Berkolaiko–Cox–Marzuola for analyzing the nodal deficiency of the nodal partition associated to an eigenfunction can be extended to more general partitions. To be more precise, we work with spectral equipartitions that satisfy a pair compatible condition. Nodal partitions and spectral minimal partitions are examples of such partitions. Along the way, we discuss different approaches to the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators: via Aharonov–Bohm operators, via a double covering argument, and via a slitting of the domain.
A theory of instruction for introductory programming skills

ABSTRACT Background and Context: Current introductory instruction fails to identify, structure, and sequence the many skills involved in programming. Objective: We proposed a theory which identifies four distinct skills that novices learn incrementally. These skills are tracing, writing syntax, comprehending templates (reusable abstractions of programming knowledge), and writing code with templates. We theorized that explicit instruction of these skills decreases cognitive demand. Method: We conducted an exploratory mixed-methods study and compared students’ exercise completion rates, error rates, ability to explain code, and engagement when learning to program. We compared material that reflects this theory to more traditional material that does not distinguish between skills. Findings: Teaching skills incrementally resulted in improved completion rate on practice exercises, and decreased error rate and improved understanding of the post-test. Implications: By structuring programming skills such that they can be taught explicitly and incrementally, we can inform instructional design and improve future research on understanding how novice programmers develop understanding.
Transport of larval fish in the Amazon

In the Amazon near Manaus, larvae of Characiformes, Clupeiformes, Tetraodontiformes, Pleuronectiformes, Gymnotiformes, Belonidae and Sciaenidae were sampled in the river during most of the year, except in June and July, when the water level was at its maximum. Characiformes, Tetraodontiformes and Siluriformes were found in the ichthyoplankton mostly during the rising waters, but Clupeiformes and Sciaenidae drifted in the river almost all year around. Egg abundance was extremely low, suggesting that they do not drift or have a very short residence time. Two types of larval drift seemed to occur: a rising water drift and a lowering water drift. Characiformes, Tetraodontiformes and some Clupeiformes drifted mostly during the rising waters and were more abundant near the banks. Their strategy seemed to be a passive dispersion towards the floodplain with the flood pulse. The high densities near the banks optimized their chances of reaching a floodplain inlet. The groups that drifted during the lowering waters showed an alternative strategy. They were flushed from the floodplain lakes and may have stayed in the main river channel for a few months before returning to the floodplain. Predation in the lakes during the period when water level decline was probably the force behind this drift.
Elevational zonation of mammals in the central Philippines

ABSTRACT Trapping and netting of small mammals on a land-bridge island (Leyte) and on an oceanic island (Negros) revealed similar patterns of elevational change in abundance and species richness. Fruit bats (Pteropodidae) reached their greatest local densities in agricultural areas, and were least abundant in montane mossy forest. The fruit bats found to be common in agri-cultural areas are widespread in Southeast Asia: in contrast, species that were most common in forested areas are Philippine endemics. Fruit bat abundance was greater on the oceanic island than on the land-bridge island. Trappable small mammals (families Soricidae and Muridae) showed no change in species richness with increasing elevation, but did show a gradual increase in overall abundance. Even though the oceanic island was depauperate of non-volant mammal species, it had the higher abundance of non-volant mammal individuals; however, this may have been due primarily to differences associated with the elevation of sampling sites. Murid rodents at the higher elevations on Leyte tend to be those that are members of the old endemic group of Philippine murids, and those at lower elevations tend to be members of more recently arrived groups. Most non-volant small mammals at all elevations on the oceanic Negros, and in agri-cultural areas on Leyte, are non-native species.
Effects of dynamic capability and marketing strategy on the organizational performance of the banking sector in Makassar, Indonesia

The dynamic capability and marketing strategy are challenges to the banking sector in Indonesia. This study uses a survey method solving 39 banks in Makassar. Data collection was conducted of questionnaires. The results show that, the dynamic capability has a positive yet insignificant impact on the organizational performance, the marketing strategy has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance and, dynamic capability and marketing strategy have a positive and significant effect on the organization's performance in the banking sector in Makassar. Keywords : dynamic capability, marketing strategy, organizational performance, banking
Two-neutron transfer reactions as a tool to study the interplay between shape coexistence and quantum phase transitions

The atomic mass table presents zones where the structure of the states changes rapidly as a function of the neutron or proton number. Among them, notable examples are the A ≈ 100 Zr region, the Pb region around the neutron midshell (N = 104), and the N ≈ 90 rare-earth region. The observed phenomena can be understood in terms of either shape coexistence or quantum phase transitions. The objective of this study is to find an observable that can distinguish between both shape coexistence and quantum phase transitions. As an observable to be analyzed, we selected the two-neutron transfer intensity between the 0+ states in the parent and daughter nuclei. The framework used for this study is the Interacting Boson Model (IBM), including its version with configuration mixing (IBM-CM). To generate wave functions of isotope chains of interest needed for calculating transfer intensities, previous systematic studies using IBM and IBM-CM were used without changing the parameters. The results of two-neutron transfer intensities are presented for Zr, Hg, and Pt isotopic chains using IBM-CM. Moreover, for Zr, Pt, and Sm isotopic chains, the results are presented using IBM with only a single configuration, i.e., without using configuration mixing. For Zr, the two-neutron transfer intensities between the ground states provide a clear observable, indicating that normal and intruder configurations coexist in the low-lying spectrum and cross at A = 98 → 100. This can help clarify whether shape coexistence induces a given quantum phase transition. For Pt, in which shape coexistence is present and the regular and intruder configurations cross for the ground state, there is almost no impact on the value of the two-neutron transfer intensity. Similar is the situation with Hg, where the ground state always has a regular nature. For the Sm isotope chain, which is one of the quantum phase transition paradigms, the value of the two-neutron transfer intensity is affected strongly.
Beating Greedy For Approximating Reserve Prices in Multi-Unit VCG Auctions

We study the problem of finding personalized reserve prices for unit-demand buyers in multi-unit eager VCG auctions with correlated buyers. The input to this problem is a dataset of submitted bids of $n$ buyers in a set of auctions. The goal is to find a vector of reserve prices, one for each buyer, that maximizes the total revenue across all auctions. Roughgarden and Wang (2016) showed that this problem is APX-hard but admits a greedy $\frac{1}{2}$-approximation algorithm. Later, Derakhshan, Golrezai, and Paes Leme (2019) gave an LP-based algorithm achieving a $0.68$-approximation for the (important) special case of the problem with a single-item, thereby beating greedy. We show in this paper that the algorithm of Derakhshan et al. in fact does not beat greedy for the general multi-item problem. This raises the question of whether or not the general problem admits a better-than-$\frac{1}{2}$ approximation. In this paper, we answer this question in the affirmative and provide a polynomial-time algorithm with a significantly better approximation-factor of $0.63$. Our solution is based on a novel linear programming formulation, for which we propose two different rounding schemes. We prove that the best of these two and the no-reserve case (all-zero vector) is a $0.63$-approximation.
Gauge fixing and regularity of axially symmetric and axistationary second order perturbations around spherical backgrounds

Perturbation theory in geometric theories of gravitation is a gauge theory of symmetric tensors defined on a Lorentzian manifold (the background spacetime). The gauge freedom makes uniqueness problems in perturbation theory particularly hard as one needs to understand in depth the process of gauge fixing before attempting any uniqueness proof. This is the first paper of a series of two aimed at deriving an existence and uniqueness result for rigidly rotating stars to second order in perturbation theory in General Relativity. A necessary step is to show the existence of a suitable choice of gauge and to understand the differentiability and regularity properties of the resulting gauge tensors in some "canonical form", particularly at the centre of the star. With a wider range of applications in mind, in this paper we analyse the fixing and regularity problem in a more general setting. In particular we tackle the problem of the Hodge-type decomposition into scalar, vector and tensor components on spheres of symmetric and axially symmetric tensors with finite differentiability down to the origin, exploiting a strategy in which the loss of differentiability is as low as possible. Our primary interest, and main result, is to show that stationary and axially symmetric second order perturbations around static and spherically symmetric background configurations can indeed be rendered in the usual "canonical form" used in the literature while loosing only one degree of differentiability and keeping all relevant quantities bounded near the origin.
The role of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib in the treatment of Progeria

Introduction: Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (Progeria) is a rare autosomal dominant premature aging disease caused by the generation of progerin, a farnesylated, disease-generating counterpart to the nuclear protein lamin A. Areas covered: The farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) lonafarnib (SCH66336) is thought to reduce the deleterious effects of progerin by inhibiting the transfer of the farnesyl group onto this abnormal pre-lamin A molecule. The results of the first prospective clinical trial of lonafarnib in children with Progeria have recently been reported. In this review, the biologic basis of Progeria and the rational use of the FTI lonafarnib in this disease will be discussed. The results of this trial will be considered both in the context of the areas where lonafarnib demonstrated activity and areas of lack of response, as well as the toxicity of this agent. Expert opinion: The FTI lonafarnib has demonstrated significant clinical activity in patients with Progeria. This approach will be only the first step in the long-term treatment of these patients as the field moves toward treating the underlying genetic abnormalities. New clinical trials combining multiple agents to better modulate the production of progerin are now underway.
Determinants of innovation capability: the roles of transformational leadership, knowledge sharing and perceived organizational support

PurposeThe study aims to explore the differences in transformational leadership’s (TL’s) influences on each aspect of innovation capability, namely, product innovation and process innovation. It also deepens understanding of the pathways and conditions to improve specific aspects of innovation capability by assessing the mediating role of knowledge sharing (KS) and moderating mechanism of perceived organizational support (POS). Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilized structural equation modeling and cross-sectional design to test hypotheses in the proposed research model based on using data collected from 394 participants at 88 Chinese firms.FindingsThe findings indicate that KS mediates TL’s effects on innovation capabilities. In addition, the influences of TL and KS on specific aspects of innovation capability are different and depend on the extent of employees’ POS.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should test mediating roles of knowledge management’s constituents and/or investigate the moderating roles of firm ownership form to increase the understanding of potential factors or key conditions that may have significant influences on a firm’s innovation capability.Practical implicationsThe paper significantly contributes to increasing the understanding of the link between TL and specific aspects of innovation capability by highlighting the important role of stimulating KS and enhancing POS.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful information and valuable initiatives to increase leadership outcomes and firm’s capability for innovation.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils and solvent extracts of Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns and link from Morocco

Analysis of the chemical composition of Thymus capitatus essential oil from Morocco was carried out using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectral (GC-MS). The oil was dominated by p-cymene, carvacrol, geranyl acetate and borneol. The amounts of total phenolics and flavonoids in the solvent extracts were determined spectrometrically. The antioxidant activity of essential oil and extracts was evaluated using free radical scavenging. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity increased in the order ethyl acetate > diethyl ether > essential oil. A relationship was observed between the antioxidant activity potential and total phenolic and flavonoid levels of the extracts. Finally, extracts and essential oils of T. capitatus showed antioxidant activity, and therefore it could be used as a natural preservative ingredient in food and/or pharmaceutical industries. Key words: Thymus capitatus, essential oil, solvent extract, antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds, gas chromatography-mass spectral, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.
Effects of Meadow Vole Population Density on Tree Seedling Survival in Oil Fields

Voles (Mammalia: Arvicolidae) are reported to be key consumers of tree seedlings in some habitats, but their importance in old—field succession is not known. Natural populations of voles fluctuate widely in density, and we sought to determine the effects of vole density on seedling predation. We used a randomized block design, with meadow voles maintained at three density levels (low, medium, high; three replicates of each) in field enclosures of 17 mo. We introduced young seedlings of five tree species into the enclosures. Three cohorts of seedlings were planted under intact vegetation, and one was planted in small areas from which we had cleared all vegetation. Overall predation rates were high for all cohorts planted under intact vegetation. There was a significant effect of vole density on seedling predation rate for two of these three cohorts; nearly all seedlings were destroyed in enclosures with high vole density. Predation rates by voles were highest for white ash and red maple, intermediate for white pine, and lowest for eastern hemlock and red oak. For the cohort planted in small clearings, mean predation rates were low and there was no density effect. Spatial variation in seedling predation rates was higher in enclosures with low and medium densities of voles than in high—density enclosures. In three of the cohorts there was a significant block effect, with the same block consistently having the highest predation rates. Evidence suggests that the block effect was caused by genetic differences among voles. Seedling predation by voles can: (1) delay old—field succession by reducing the number of tree invaders; (2) create patchiness by concentrating surviving seedling in certain microsites; and (3) alter relative abundances of invading species via differences in palatability or apparency. We suggest that the population dynamics of voles be viewed as a keystone process in old—field succession.