Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic Differences of Black-Capped Vireos in 2 Habitat Types in Central Texas

Abstract To understand the effects of habitat selection, we analyzed differences in abundance, age structure, and nesting success of black-capped vireos (Vireo atricapilla) in 2 early successional habitat types found on Fort Hood, a 87,890-ha Military Reservation in central Texas, USA. These habitats were 1) large areas of continuously shrubby vegetation (both natural and mechanically made), referred to as shrubland habitat, and 2) anthropogenically created small patches of shrubby vegetation centered on one or several large trees, known locally as donut habitat. The objectives of our study were to determine whether there were differences in abundance, age structure, and daily nest survival in these 2 habitat types and to determine whether donut habitat is high- or low-quality habitat. Donut habitat had a lower abundance of vireos (half as many as shrubland/point count) and a higher percentage of second-year males, suggesting donut habitat was lower-quality habitat than shrubland. Analyses of daily nest survival indicated that habitat, nest height, and year were all important variables. Nests initiated in 2004, located in shrubland habitats, and higher from the ground were more likely to succeed. Our study provided evidence that habitat is a limiting factor for this federally endangered species. Because habitat is limiting, wildlife biologists at Fort Hood should focus on managing higher quality, contiguous shrubland habitat. Wildlife biologists should also continue to monitor areas of donut habitat to determine whether they represent potential population sinks.
Resilience, Stability, and Productivity of Alfalfa Cultivars in Rainfed Regions of North America

Resilient, stable, and productive forage systems are needed to endure increasingly frequent climatic extremes. Resilience is the ability of a forage system to withstand a climatic crisis with high yields, stability is the minimal variability of yields across normal years, and productivity is the average yield across normal years. The goal of this research was to quantify resilience, stability, and productivity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars to identify superior ones. Forage yield means from alfalfa cultivar trials from 11 US states and one Canadian province over 19 yr (1995–2013) were analyzed using linear mixed models. Locations with an extreme crisis year were identified, and quantitative measures for resilience and stability for each cultivar were calculated. Productivity, stability, and resilience were different among cultivars across locations, showing that some cultivars were consistently superior for each variable. Cultivar stability was not associated with productivity, and it was negatively associated with disease resistance. Cultivar resilience was negatively associated with productivity, and not associated with other traits. Cultivar productivity has increased with year of release of cultivar, stability has not changed, and resilience has decreased. Therefore, stability and resilience are different dimensions, explained by different traits. A coordinated evaluation effort across locations is needed to test and improve cultivar resilience in the future, and develop alfalfa cultivars more profitable for the long term. V.D. Picasso, M.D. Casler, and D. Undersander, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Wisconsin–Madison, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706; M.D. Casler, USDA Dairy Forage Research Center, 1925 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706. Received 8 June 2018. Accepted 26 Nov. 2018. *Corresponding author (picassorisso@wisc.edu). Assigned to Associate Editor Guillermo Scaglia. Published in Crop Sci. 59:800–810 (2019). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2018.06. 0372 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Published February 1, 2019
New Insights on the Impact of Ozone‐Depleting Substances on the Brewer‐Dobson Circulation

It has recently been recognized that, in addition to greenhouse gases, anthropogenic emissions of ozone‐depleting substances (ODS) can induce long‐term trends in the Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC). Several studies have shown that a substantial fraction of the residual circulation acceleration over the last decades of the twentieth century can be attributed to increasing ODS. Here the mechanisms of this influence are examined, comparing model runs to reanalysis data and evaluating separately the residual circulation and mixing contributions to the mean age of air trends. The effects of ozone depletion in the Antarctic lower stratosphere are found to dominate the ODS impact on the BDC, while the direct radiative impact of these substances is negligible over the period of study. We find qualitative agreement in austral summer BDC trends between model and reanalysis data and show that ODS are the main driver of both residual circulation and isentropic mixing trends over the last decades of the twentieth century. Moreover, aging by isentropic mixing is shown to play a key role on ODS‐driven age of air trends.
Variation of Dental Crown Dimension between Javanese Males and Females

Determination of sex is one important aspect in the identification process. Teeth are part of the human body that showing the characteristics of sexual dimorphism. Purpose: To determine the variation of dental crown dimension based on the diameter of mesiodistal, buccolingual, and diagonal of the Javanese Males and Females tooth crown from skull and dental cast. Measurements were made in Javanese skull and dental cast using dental calipers. Number of skull and tooth models are 61 individual each sex, the number of skull is 26 pieces for males and 17 for females, and the number of dental cast of dental students are 35 for males and 44 for females. The tooth dimensions that measured were mesiodistal diameter, buccolingual, and diagonal tooth crown. The measurement results were tabulated and tested by statistical tests Independent T-Test. Mesiodistal measurements were significantly different between the canines, premolars of maxillary, first and second molar. Buccolingual measurements were significantly different in the maxillary canines, second molar, and maxillary third molar. Diagonal measurements (mesiobuccal distolingual) were significantly different between the maxillary second incisor, canines, maxillary second premolars and maxillary second molar. Diagonal measurements (distobuccal mesiolingual) were significantly different in canines, maxillary molar, and mandibular second molar. Tooth can be used to determine sex in humans, especially in Javanese. There are differences between the diameter of the mesiobuccal, buccolingual, and diagonal tooth crown between Javanese males and females. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2016; 9: (3), pp. 178-183)
Semi-Parametric Joint Modeling of Survival and Longitudinal Data: The R Package JSM

This paper is devoted to the R package JSM which performs joint statistical modeling of survival and longitudinal data. In biomedical studies it has been increasingly common to collect both baseline and longitudinal covariates along with a possibly censored survival time. Instead of analyzing the survival and longitudinal outcomes separately, joint modeling approaches have attracted substantive attention in the recent literature and have been shown to correct biases from separate modeling approaches and enhance information. Most existing approaches adopt a linear mixed effects model for the longitudinal component and the Cox proportional hazards model for the survival component. We extend the Cox model to a more general class of transformation models for the survival process, where the baseline hazard function is completely unspecified leading to semiparametric survival models. We also offer a non-parametric multiplicative random effects model for the longitudinal process in JSM in addition to the linear mixed effects model. In this paper, we present the joint modeling framework that is implemented in JSM, as well as the standard error estimation methods, and illustrate the package with two real data examples: a liver cirrhosis data and a Mayo Clinic primary biliary cirrhosis data.
Effects of Organic Fertilization and Cover Crops on an Organic Pepper System

With the continuing 20% growth rate in the organic industry, organic vegetable crop production has increased to 98,525 acres in the United States. The requirement for certified organic vegetable producers to implement a soil-building plan has led to the development of soil fertility systems based on combinations of organic fertilizers and cover crops. To determine optimal soil fertility combinations, conventional and organic bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) production was evaluated from 2001 to 2003 in Iowa, comparing combinations of two synthetic fertilizers and three compost-based organic fertilizers, and a cover crop treatment of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and rye (Secale cereale) in a strip-tilled or fully incorporated cover crop system. Organic pepper growth and yields equaled or surpassed conventional production when nitrogen (N) was provided at 56 or 112 kg ha from compost-based organic fertilizer. Soil analysis revealed higher N in plots where cover crops were tilled compared with strip-tilled plots, leading to recommendations for sidedressing N in strip-tilled organic pepper production. Increased incidence of disease was also detected in strip-tilled plots. Postharvest weight loss after 6 weeks in storage was similar in organic and conventional peppers. The addition of calcium and sulfur products in conventional or organic fertilizer regimes did not increase pepper production or postharvest storage potential. Despite application challenges, cover crops will remain as critical components of the organic farm plan for their soil-building benefits, but supplementation with approved N sources may be required for optimal pepper production. Organic growers should conduct their own tests of organic-compliant soil amendments to determine cost effectiveness and value for their site before large-scale application.
The story of South African academic development in international perspective: have we lost the plot?

South African Academic Development (AD) emerged as a liberatory educational and social movement in the 1980s. AD (often called educational development) has burgeoned as an international phenomenon, but with a focus on quality rather than on liberation. South African AD now seems to be struggling to construct its post-apartheid identity, if one considers the demise of the South African Association for Academic Development (SAAAD) in 2002 and the fragile state of its interim successor, the South African Academic Development Association (SAADA). This article gives an analytical account of the history of international and South African AD. It attempts to explain what has divided and weakened the latter and makes some recommendations for the future. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol.17(2) 2003: 110-117
The Kinematic Morphology-Density Relation from the SAMI Pilot Survey

Abstract We present the kinematic morphology-density relation in three galaxy clusters, Abell 85, 168 and 2399, using data from the SAMI Pilot Survey. We classify the early-type galaxies in our sample as fast or slow rotators (FRs/SRs) according to a measured proxy for their projected specific stellar angular momentum. We find each cluster contains both fast and slow rotators with and average fraction of SRs in the sample of fSR=0.15 ± 0.04. We investigate this fraction within each cluster as a function of local projected galaxy density. For Abell 85 we find that fSR increases at high local density but for Abell 168 and 2399 this trend is not seen. We find SRs not just at the centres of our clusters but also on the outskirts and hypothesise that these SRs may have formed in group environments eventually accreted to the larger cluster.
Stance-based Argument Mining - Modeling Implicit Argumentation Using Stance

A major remaining challenge in argument mining is implicitness. We propose to model implicit argumentation using explicit stances and the overall stance of a debate. Our evaluation on a social media corpus shows that our model (i) can be reliably annotated even on noisy data and (ii) has the potential to improve the performance of automated argument mining
SUBMILLIMETER QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS IN MAGNETICALLY CHOKED ACCRETION FLOW MODELS OF SgrA*

High-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) appear in general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetically choked accretion flows around rapidly rotating black holes (BHs). We perform polarized radiative transfer calculations with the ASTRORAY code to explore the manifestations of these QPOs for SgrA*. We construct a simulation-based model of a radiatively inefficient accretion flow and find model parameters by fitting the mean polarized source spectrum. The simulated QPOs have a total submillimeter flux amplitude up to 5% and a linearly polarized flux amplitude up to 2%. The oscillations reach high levels of significance 10σ–30σ and high-quality factors Q ≈ 5. The oscillation period T ≈ 100 M ≈ 35 minutes corresponds to the rotation period of the BH magnetosphere that produces a trailing spiral in resolved disk images. The total flux signal is significant over noise for all tested frequencies 87 GHz, 230 GHz, and 857 GHz and inclination angles 10°, 37°, and 80°. The non-detection in the 230 GHz SubMillimeter Array light curve is consistent with a low signal level and a low sampling rate. The presence of submillimeter QPOs in SgrA* will be better tested with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array.
Collapse and revival of entanglement between qubits coupled to a spin coherent state

We extend study of the Jaynes-Cummings model involving a pair of identical two-level atoms (or qubits) interacting with a single mode quantized field. We investigate the effects of replacing the radiation field mode with a composite spin, comprising $N$ qubits, or spin-1/2 particles. This model is relevant for physical implementations in superconducting circuit QED, ion trap and molecular systems. For the case of the composite spin prepared in a spin coherent state, we demonstrate the similarities of this set-up to the qubits-field model in terms of the time evolution, attractor states and in particular the collapse and revival of the entanglement between the two qubits. We extend our analysis by taking into account an effect due to qubit imperfections. We consider a difference (or `mismatch') in the dipole interaction strengths of the two qubits, for both the field mode and composite spin cases. To address decoherence due to this mismatch, we then average over this coupling strength difference with distributions of varying width. We demonstrate in both the field mode and the composite spin scenarios that increasing the width of the `error' distribution increases suppression of the coherent dynamics of the coupled system, including the collapse and revival of the entanglement between the qubits.
Air flow prediction and evaluation of ventilation Effectiveness with different zonal configurations

This paper proposes a numerical method for the study of ventilation efficiency in buildings. The developed model is validated with the experimental results of Nielsen [5] who tested the isothermal flow in a scaled model of a ventilated room. A zonal method is used to predict airflow patterns in the same ventilated room. The different equations governing the flow in the room were coded in Matlab for different operating conditions, different zonal configurations of the room and different number of cells (control volumes). The efficiency of the ventilation was determined by calculating the number of air changes per hour (ACH) for each cell. The present results show the importance of the inlet air flow rate, the space resolution and the jet inlet dimensions on the determination of air quality.
Fluctuations and correlations in high temperature QCD

We calculate second- and fourth-order cumulants of conserved charges in a temperature range stretching from the QCD transition region towards the realm of (resummed) perturbation theory. We perform lattice simulations with staggered quarks; the continuum extrapolation is based on $N_t=10\dots24$ in the crossover-region and $N_t=8\dots16$ at higher temperatures. We find that the Hadron Resonance Gas model predictions describe the lattice data rather well in the confined phase. At high temperatures (above $\sim$250 MeV) we find agreement with the three-loop Hard Thermal Loop results.
Randomized comparative study of radial artery and right gastroepiploic artery in composite arterial graft for CABG q

Objectives: Arterial grafts have been used to achieve better long-term results and improve graft patency in coronary artery bypass grafting. Composite graft was proposed to overcome inconveniences of proximal anastomoses to the aorta and increase the use and surgical options of arterial grafts. However, lack of prospective randomized studies with this kind of grafts is evident. We compare the results of composite Ygrafts of the radial artery (RA) and the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) proximally anastomosed to the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) for CABG, evaluated through angiography, in a prospective randomized study. Methods: Between August 1998 and November 1999, 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups: group I (GI) received RGEA graft and group II (GII), RA graft. LITA was used to graft the left anterior descending artery and RGEA or RA was placed to obtuse marginal or first diagonal branch. The right coronary artery branches was grafted with saphenous vein graft (SVG) when necessary. All coronary arteries receiving arterial grafts had $ 75% proximal stenosis and diameter $ 1.5 mm. Results: GI and GII preoperative data were similar, 63 distal anastomoses were performed with the LITA, 32 with the RA and 32 with the RGEA. There were two perioperative deaths (3.3%), one in each group, none related to cardiac causes. Four (6.6%) qwave myocardial infarctions were found and two (3.3%) patients showed low cardiac output syndrome. Angiography was performed in all surviving patients from the 8th to 15th postoperative day and showed a patency rate of 96.5% (56/58) for LITA, 89.6% (26/29) for RA and 68.9% (20/29) for RGEA, with a statistically significant difference between RGEA and RA (P 1⁄4 0:025). Conclusions: Radial artery had better early results than right gastroepiploic artery. Use of the LITA as inflow graft seems not to affect its good patency. Use of the RGEA as composite graft should not be encouraged. Long-term follow-up with objective investigation and randomized trials is required to confirm better results of composite conduits. q 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Retinal Cell Biology Conditional , Genetically Encoded , Small Molecule – Regulated Inhibition of NF j B Signaling in RPE Cells

Citation: Vu KT, Zhang F, Hulleman JD. Conditional, genetically encoded, small molecule–regulated inhibition of NFjB signaling in RPE cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:4126– 4137. DOI:10.1167/iovs.17-22133 PURPOSE. Nuclear factor jB (NFjB) is a ubiquitously expressed, proinflammatory transcription factor that controls the expression of genes involved in cell survival, angiogenesis, complement activation, and inflammation. Studies have implicated NFjB-dependent cytokines or complement-related factors as being detrimentally involved in retinal diseases, thus making inhibition of NFjB signaling a potential therapeutic target. We sought to develop a conditional and reversible method that could regulate pathogenic NFjB signaling by the addition of a small molecule.
Retired, at last? The short-term impact of retirement on health status in France

Reforms of the French pay-as-you-go pension system relies on increases in the contribution period, gradually postponing legal ret irement ages. Several works analyse the effect of these reforms on employment rate or the f inancial equilibrium of pension schemes. The effect of retirement on health status has not r eceived the same attention. In order to assess the role of retirement on physical and mental healt status, we use data coming from the French Health and Professional Path survey (Sip, “S anté et itinéraire professionnel”) and address the methodological issues (endogeneity bias es such as reverse causality and unobserved characteristics) by setting up an instru mental variables method relying on discontinuities induced by legal ages of retirement . Unaccounting for endogeneity biases, we do not find any significant effect of retirement on health status as a whole. When instrumenting by legal ages of retirement, we find consistent and large short-term effects on activity limitations, anxiety disorders and depress ive episodes. We also find that these effects are heterogeneous according to gender, education le vels and past exposures to detrimental working conditions during the entire career. Finall y, mechanisms such as social activities, sport and health-related risky behaviours may be ab l to explain such a positive effect on health status. JEL: I14, J26, C35, C36
Can mobile phones improve gender equality and nutrion ? Panel data evidence from farm households in Uganda

During the last 10-15 years, mobile phone technologies have been widely adopted in most developing countries, including adoption by rural households that never had access to landline phones before. Existing research shows that use of mobile phones has improved market access for smallholder farmers and thus household income. Beyond income, mobile phones can possibly also affect other dimensions of social welfare, such as gender equality and nutrition. Such broader social welfare effects have hardly been analyzed up till now. Here, we address this research gap, using panel data from smallholder farm households in Uganda. Regression results show that mobile phones have significantly contributed to household income gains and women empowerment. Mobile phone use has also improved household food security and dietary quality. Simultaneous equation models are estimated to show that the positive nutrition effects are primarily channeled through the influence of mobile phones on household income and gender equality. Gender disaggregation reveals that female mobile phone use has stronger positive welfare effects than if males alone use mobile phones. We conclude that equal access to mobile phones cannot only foster economic development, but can also contribute to gender equality, food security, and broader social development.
On Data-Driven Prescriptive Analytics with Side Information: A Regularized Nadaraya-Watson Approach

We consider generic stochastic optimization problems in the presence of side information which enables a more insightful decision. The side information constitutes observable exogenous covariates that alter the conditional probability distribution of the random problem parameters. A decision maker who adapts her decisions according to the observed side information solves an optimization problem where the objective function is specified by the conditional expectation of the random cost. If the joint probability distribution is unknown, then the conditional expectation can be approximated in a data-driven manner using the Nadaraya-Watson (NW) kernel regression. While the emerging approximation scheme has found successful applications in diverse decision problems under uncertainty, it is largely unknown whether the scheme can provide any reasonable out-of-sample performance guarantees. In this paper, we establish guarantees for the generic problems by leveraging techniques from moderate deviations theory. Our analysis motivates the use of a variance-based regularization scheme which, in general, leads to a non-convex optimization problem. We adopt ideas from distributionally robust optimization to obtain tractable formulations. We present numerical experiments for newsvendor and wind energy commitment problems to highlight the effectiveness of our regularization scheme.