Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The application of multivariate statistical analysis and batch process control in industrial processes

To manufacture safe, effective and affordable medicines with greater efficiency, process analytical technology (PAT) has been introduced by the Food and Drug Agency to encourage the pharmaceutical industry to develop and design well-understood processes. PAT requires chemical imaging techniques to be used to collect process variables for real-time process analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis tools and process control tools are important for implementing PAT in the development and manufacture of pharmaceuticals as they enable information to be extracted from the PAT measurements. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) are applied in this thesis to extract information regarding a pharmaceutical tablet. ICA was found to outperform PCA and was able to identify the presence of five different materials and their spatial distribution around the tablet.Another important area for PAT is in improving the control of processes. In the pharmaceutical industry, many of the processes operate in a batch strategy, which introduces difficult control challenges. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique that has been used extensively to extract chemical and physical information from a product sample based on the scattering effect of light. In this thesis, NIR measurements were incorporated as feedback information into several control strategies. Although these controllers performed reasonably well, they could only regulate the NIR spectrum at a number of wavenumbers, rather than over the full spectrum.In an attempt to regulate the entire NIR spectrum, a novel control algorithm was developed. This controller was found to be superior to the only comparable controller and able to regulate the NIR similarly. The benefits of the proposed controller were demonstrated using a benchmark simulation of a batch reactor.
OPERATIONAL AND SAFETY IMPACTS ON FREEWAY TRAFFIC OF HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE LANE CONSTRUCTION IN A MEDIAN

In this paper are presented the results of a study by the Texas Transportation Institute to evaluate the operational and safety impacts associated with the retrofit construction of an authorized high-occupany vehicle lane in the median of the Katy Freeway (I-10W) in Houston, Texas. Because the Katy Freeway transitway is the first of a 70-mi network of transitways to be retrofitted in an existing high-volume freeway cross section in Houston, it is important to assess the traffic impacts associated with this type of construction. Operational impacts studied include travel speeds as a measure of travel time delay, traffic volumes as a measure of travel demand served, and lane distributions as a measure of driver reaction to reduced lane widths and restricted lateral clearances. Safety was assessed through an analysis of reported accidents associated with various work area segments and time periods of construction. Results indicate that a detailed traffic control plan can minimize the possible adverse effects of transitway retrofit construction.
Dynamic Response Corridors and Injury Thresholds of the Pedestrian Lower Extremities

Current standards and test devices for pedestrian safety were developed using results from impact tests where inertial considerations have dominated and the vehicle pedestrian loading environment has not been properly replicated. When controlled tests have been conducted to evaluate injury criteria and the biofidelity of anthropometric test devices, current designs have faired poorly. The present study uses recently published results from controlled tests to develop force-deformation and moment-deformation response corridors with localized injury thresholds for the 50th percentile adult male thigh, leg, and knee subjected to latero-medial bending at rates characteristic of the vehicle pedestrian loading environment. The response corridors provide necessary information for development of biofidelic ATDs [anthropometric test devices] for evaluation of countermeasures for pedestrian lower extremity protection. For the covering abstract see ITRD E141807.
Shock Propagation and the Fiscal Multiplier: the Role of Heterogeneity

We study how household heterogeneity and regional and industrial linkages affect shock propagation and optimal fiscal policy in a model with short-run labor rationing. In our model, households differ in their income sensitivity to shocks affecting each industry and region, in the magnitudes of their MPCs, and in the industries and regions where they spend their marginal dollars. Theoretically, we express the general equilibrium multiplier of demand and supply shocks in terms of estimable sufficient statistics and provide simple formulae for optimal fiscal policy. Empirically, we take our multiplier to the data and find that, depending on which industries and regions are shocked, amplification differs by a factor of six. This heterogeneity is driven by differences in worker MPC and labor shares, and is attenuated by input-output linkages. In contrast, the network structure of linkages between heterogeneous households is quantitatively unimportant. As a result, fiscal policy that targets households based on their MPCs is close to maximally expansionary and optimal. ∗MIT Department of Economics, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142. Email: jpflynn@mit.edu. †Northwestern University Department of Economics, 2211 Campus Drive Evanston, IL 60208-2600. Email: christina.patterson@northwestern.edu. ‡MIT Department of Economics, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142. Email: jsturm@mit.edu. We are grateful to Daron Acemoglu, George-Marios Angeletos, Martin Beraja, Ricardo Caballero, Arnaud Costinot, Dave Donaldson, Ben Golub, Jeremy Majerowitz, Andrea Manera, Elias Papaioannou, Karthik Sastry, Lawrence Schmidt, Alp Simsek, Robert Townsend, Ivan Werning, and MIT Macro Lunch and Trade Tea participants for helpful comments. We also thank RIMS staff members at the Bureau of Economic Analysis for a helpful discussion. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3579456
The effect of lacrosse helmet fit on cervical spine movement during a prone log roll

EVAN B. ALLEN: The Effect of Lacrosse Helmet Fit Condition on Cervical Spine Movement during a Prone Log Roll (Under the Direction of Dr. Meredith A. Petschauer) Objective: To determine what effect lacrosse helmet fit (properly fit helmet, compet ition fit helmet, and helmet removed) has on movement of the cervical spine during a prone log roll. Subjects: Eighteen varsity male lacrosse players at The University of North Ca olina at Chapel Hill. Methods: Head-to-thorax and helmet-to-thorax movement in the frontal, sagittal and transverse planes were recorded during a prone log roll for eac h helmet fit condition. Motion data was integrated and normalized to measure the total amount of sagittal, transverse, and frontal plane movement. A series of repeated mea sures ANOVA’s were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a significant difference in the amount of head-to-thorax movement that occurred in the transverse plane (F 2,34 = 6.00, p = .006). Pair wise comparisons determined the transverse plane motion to be significantl y grea er in the properly fit helmet condition than in the helmet removed condition (Mean Difference = 5.19, Std. Error = 1.21, p = .001). A significant difference in the amount of movement between the head and helmet were found in transverse planes of the competition fi t (F1,17 = .11.211, p = .004) and properly fit (F 1,17 = 22.005, p < .001) conditions. There were no significant differences in either head to thorax motion or helmet to thorax motion i n the frontal, or sagittal plane. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the presence of
Advanced Tactical Fighter to F-22 Raptor: Origins of the 21st Century Air Dominance Fighter

Part 1 Background - The Advanced Tactical Fighter Prior to Milestone Zero: Overview Air-to-Surface Advanced Tactical Fighter Introduction of Air Superiority as a Potential Advanced Tactical Fighter Mission Preparation for Milestone Zero Request for Information. Part 2 Phase 0 - Concept Definition: Overview Request for Information Results Shifting Emphasis - Air Superiority Becomes Primary Advanced Tactical Fighter Mission Advanced Tactical Fighter Concept Development Investigation Transition to Demonstration and Validation Shift to Prototyping. Part 3 Phase 1 - Demonstration and Validation: Overview System Specification Development Avionics Ground Prototypes and Flying Laboratories Prototype Air Vehicles Development and Flight-Test Additional Programme Events During Demonstration and Validation Transition to Engineering and Manufacturing Development Demonstration and Validation. Part 4 Related Technology and Subsystem Developments: Introduction Avionics Weapons Technology Structures and Materials Low Observables Supporting Engine Technology Programmes Flight Demonstrator Programmes Related to Advanced Tactical Fighter Summary. Part 5 Engine Development: Initial Engine Studies Ground Demonstration Engines Flight Demonstrator Engines Engineering and Manufacturing Development Engine Engineering and Manufacturing Development and Beyond Observations on Engine Development. Part 6 Navy Participation and the Naval Advanced Tactical Fighter. Part 7 Conclusion: Requirements Evolution External Pressures Final Observations.
MISSE PEACE Polymers: An International Space Station Environmental Exposure Experiment Being Conducted

As part of the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE), 41 different polymers are being exposed for approximately 1 1/2 years to the low-Earth-orbit (LEO) environment on the exterior of the International Space Station. MISSE is a materials flight experiment sponsored by the Air Force Research Lab/Materials Lab and NASA, and is the first external experiment on the space station. A similar set of 41 polymers will be flown as part of the Polymer Erosion and Contamination Experiment (PEACE) a shuttle flight experiment that is being developed at the NASA Glenn Research Center collaboratively with the Hathaway Brown School for girls. Therefore, these 41 polymers are collectively called the MISSE PEACE Polymers. The purpose of the MISSE PEACE Polymers experiment is to determine how durable polymers are in the LEO space environment where spacecraft, such as the space station, orbit. Polymers are commonly used as spacecraft materials because of their desirable properties such as good flexibility, low density, and certain electrical properties or optical properties (such as a low solar absorptance and high thermal emittance). Two examples of the use of polymers on the exterior of spacecraft exposed to the space environment include metalized Teflon FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene, DuPont) thermal control materials on the Hubble Space Telescope, and polyimide Kapton (DuPont) solar array blankets.
Results of an evaluation of TAC funded accident black spot treatments

The Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) was commissioned by the Transport Accident Commission (TAC) to carry out an independent evaluation of the TAC Accident Black Spot Program. This paper describes the evaluation method used to provide early results and reports the latest findings of the evaluation. The Black Spot Program consisted of $75 million of black spot treatments implemented during the 1992/93 and 1993/94 financial years. While the program comprised over 450 treatments throughout Victoria, not all treatments have been evaluated to date, due to the after-treatment periods for some 20 locations being too short. The study included a literature review of evaluation methods used elsewhere and allowed for changes in crashes resulting from general road safety programs and other factors. Maximum sensitivity in the analysis reduced the time required to detect statistically reliable effects. The results of these analyses are providing reliable, objective information at the earliest possible date. In particular, the results will enhance future road safety investment strategies and allow more precise targeting of treatments to maximise the return on future investment in road-engineering safety treatments.
Kinematic comparison of the Polar-II and PMHS in pedestrian impact tests with a sport-utility vehicle

A primary function of pedestrian dummies is the biofidelic representationof whole-body kinematics. To assess the biofidelity of a pedestrian dummy, the kinematic response of post-mortem human surrogates (PMHS) tested in full-scale pedestrian impact tests was compared with the kinematic response of the Polar-II dummy. Two PMHS were tested in full-scale pedestrian impact tests using a late-model sport-utility vehicle with an impact velocityof 40km/h. Three additional tests using the Polar-II dummy were conductedin identical conditions to those used in the PMHS tests. Using photo targets mounted at the equivalent locations of the head centre of gravity, topof the thorax, thorax centre of gravity, and pelvis centre of gravity, the kinematic response of the pedestrian surrogates was evaluated by comparing their parametric trajectory data. Given the significance of head impactfor pedestrian injury outcome, head velocity-time signals were also compared. To provide insight into the effect of exterior vehicle geometry, the kinematics response of the Polar-II and PMHS tested using a late model small sedan were also compared with the dummy and PMHS response from the SUV tests. Comparing dummy and PMHS response, the Polar-II generally replicated the complex kinematics of the PMHS and demonstrated good overall biofidelity. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134311.
EVALUATION OF GRANULAR OVERLAYS IN WASHINGTON STATE

Granular overlays have been used by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) for about 30 years. Since the mid-1980s and along with the full implementation of the WSDOT Pavement Management System, WSDOT has been interested in examining the performance of granular overlays. It is believed by WSDOT that the performance of this rehabilitation treatment is better than might reasonably be expected. Further, past practice in Washington occasionally required that the preexisting surfacing (often several bituminous surface treatment layers) be scarified before placement of the crushed rock layer. The study and conclusions are reviewed.
Unified Rate Theory of Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis: Fixed Potential Formulation for General, Electron Transfer, and Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions

Atomistic modeling of electrocatalytic reactions is most naturally conducted within the grand canonical ensemble (GCE) which enables fixed chemical potential calculations. While GCE has been widely adopted for modeling electrochemical and electrocatalytic thermodynamics, the electrochemical reaction rate theory within GCE is lacking. Molecular and condensed phase rate theories are formulated within microcanonical and canonical ensembles, respectively, but electrocatalytic systems described within the GCE require extension of the conventionally used rate theories for computation reaction rates at fixed electrode potentials. In this work, rate theories from (micro)canonical ensemble are generalized to the GCE providing the theoretical basis for the computation reaction rates in electrochemical and electrocatalytic systems. It is shown that all canonical rate theories can be extended to the GCE. From the generalized grand canonical rate theory developed herein, fixed electrode potential rate equations are derived for i) general reactions within the GCE transition state theory (GCE-TST), ii) adiabatic curve-crossing rate theory within the empirical valence bond theory (GCE-EVB), and iii) (non-)adiabatic electron and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions. The rate expressions can be readily combined with ab initio methods to study reaction kinetics reactions at complex electrochemical interfaces as a function of the electrode potential. The theoretical work herein provides a single, unified approach for electrochemical and electrocatalytic kinetics and the inclusion of non-adiabatic and tunneling effects in electrochemical environments widening the scope of reactions amenable to computational studies.
Pelvic and Bladder Catecholamine-Producing Tumors A Review of the Literature

Purpose. Starting from the description of two interesting cases, we wondered to review the literature on pelvic and bladder paragangliomas (PGLs) in order to illustrate clinical characteristics and current management, lightening the needed of a prompt diagnosis to avoid the onset of several complications. Although PGLs may arise at any site where physiologically chromaffin tissue exists, pelvic origins are not frequent (less than 2%), and the most common localization is the retroperitoneal space, whereas bladder PGLs account for less than 0.06% of all bladder neoplasms and less than 1% of all PGLs. Methods . We herein performed a brief review of the literature about pelvic PGLs in the PubMed library, conducted according to the PRISMA statement, including studies published from 1954 to 2019. We also discuss clinical presentation, morphologic appearance, and management of two cases of pelvic PGL, both of them characterized by an history of paroxysmal high blood pressure episodes uncontrolled by antihypertensive therapy associated with disabling symptoms, not clearly understood for many years. Results . Overall, we evaluated 108 case reports. The majority were females, presenting typical signs and symptoms, such as arterial hypertension (54.2%), hematuria (35.1%), and headache (33.6%). After treatment, the clinical and biochemical remission was evident in only 55% of analyzed cases. Conclusions . For their singular localization, pelvic and bladder PGLs often might be misdiagnosed. The significant delay in the proper treatment could be responsible for the relative low percentage of complete clinical and biochemical remission.
Foliar Spraying of NPK to Relieve Salinity Stress on Tomato Plants

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of NPK foliar spraying on salt tolerant of tomato plants. Seedlings were grown in plastic pots 30 cm, filled with loamy sand soil. Seedlings were irrigated every week with saline two type’s salts (NaCl and CaCl) at two levels 2g and 4g L. Seedlings were sprayed with foliar spraying containing NPK. Two months later from transplanting of seedlings leaf samples were taken for determination nutrient contents. The result showed that NPK foliar spraying had a positive effect on soil, growth development, yield and the nutrient concentrations in leaf plant of tomato under the impact of adverse salinity. Although the salts levels of soil have an effect on the absorption of nutrients by tomato plant. But, foliar spraying has a positive effect on the concentration of N, K, Ca, Fe, Mn and Cu in plant leaves.
Nurses Practice Regarding Post-operative Wound Care And Its Associated Factors Of Hospitalised Patients In Public Hospitals Of Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018/19.

Background: Post-operative wound care is a care that applied sterile gauze or bandage to wound to promote healing and protect the wound from further harm after surgical operation is done internally or externally to the involved organs. Post-operative Wound care is a nursing duty that requires excellent skills and knowledge to prevent massive complications such as infection, gangrene and amputation or, in severe cases, even death. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study design was implemented and the total sample size was 375 nurses working in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle Hospital and Quiha hospital. Pre-test was done on 10 % of the sample size. Data was collected by observation and face to face interviewing using pre tested checklist and structured questionnaire respectively from March 20, 2019 to May 20, 2019. Simple random sampling was used. Data was coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictor variables to the outcome variables with 95% confidence level at p-value of < 0.25 and finally p-value < 0.05 was described as statically significant. Result: A total of 375 respondents were participated in the study. Among them, 234(62.4%) were women. The overall nursing post-operative wound care practices were poor 258(68.8%). Work experience (AOR=0.47, 95%CI; 0.26-0.86), level of education (AOR=0.03, 95%CI; 0.004-0.25) and lack of materials (AOR=0.29, 95%CI; 0.09-0.89) was found to be associated with nurses post-operative wound care practice. Conclusion and recommendation: Factors such as work experience, educational level and lack of materials were statically significant association with nurses post-operative wound care practice. Highly qualified nurses should be engaged in training of other staff nurses in the tenderized dressing techniques of postoperative wounds.
Collaboration : how leaders avoid the traps, create unity, and reap big results

Acknowledgements Introduction My Collaboration Journey Chapter 1 Getting collaboration wrong ! or getting it right Part I: Opportunities and Barriers Chapter 2 Know when to collaborate, and when not to Chapter 3 Spot the four barriers to collaboration Part II: Solutions Chapter 4 Lever one: Unify people Chapter 5 Lever two: Cultivate T-shaped management Chapter 6 Lever three: Build nimble networks Part III: A personal challenge Chapter 7 Grow to be a collaborative Leader Journey's end (for now)
A group-based ring oscillator physical unclonable function

Silicon Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a physical structure of the chip which has functional characteristics that are hard to predict before fabrication but are expected to be unique after fabrication. This is caused by the random fabrication variations. The secret characteristics can only be extracted through physical measurement and will vanish immediately when the chip is powered down. PUF promises a securer means for cryptographic key generation and storage among many other security applications. However, there are still many practical challenges to cost effectively build secure and reliable PUF secrecy. This dissertation proposes new architectures for ring oscillator (RO) PUFs to answer these challenges. First, our temperature-aware cooperative (TAC) RO PUF can utilize certain ROs that were otherwise discarded due to their instability. Second, our novel group-based algorithm can generate secrecy higher than the theoretical upper bound of the conventional pairwise comparisons approach. Third, we build the first regression-based entropy distiller that can turn the PUF secrecy statistically random and robust, meeting the NIST standards. Fourth, we develop a unique Kendall syndrome coding (KSC) that makes the PUF secrecy error resilient against potential environmental fluctuations. Each of these methods can improve the hardware efficiency of the RO PUF implementation by 1.5X to 8X while improving the security and reliability of the PUF secrecy.