Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tectonic evolution of Brazilian equatorial continental margin basins

The structural style and stratigraphic relationships of sedimentary basins along the Brazilian Equatorial Atlantic Continental Margin were used to construct an empirical tectonic model for the development of ancient transform margins. The model is constrained by detailed structural and subsidence analyses of several basins along the margin. The structural framework of the basins was defined at shallow and deep levels by the integration of many geophysical and geological data sets. The Barreirinhas and Para-Maranhao Basins were divided in three tectonic domains: the Tutoia, Caete, and Tromai subbasins. The Caete area is characterized by northwest-southeast striking and northeast-dipping normal faults. A pure shear mechanism of basin formation is suggested for its development. The structure of the Tutoia and Tromai subbasins are more complex and indicative of a major strike-slip component with dextral sense of displacement, during early stages of basin evolution. These two later subbasins were developed on a lithosphere characterized by an abrupt transition (<50 km wide) from an unstretched continent to an oceanic lithosphere. The subsidence history of these basins do not comply with the classical models developed for passive margins or continental rifting. The thermo-mechanical model proposed for the Brazilian equatorial margin includes heterogeneous stretching combined with shearingmore » at the plate margin. The tectonic history comprises: (1) Triassic-Jurassic limited extension associated with the Central Atlantic evolution; (2) Neocomian intraplate deformation consisting of strike-slip reactivation of preexisting shear zones; (3) Aptian-Cenomanian two-phase period of dextral shearing; and (4) Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic sea-floor spreading. « less
Recent tectonics of Tripolitania, Libya: an intraplate record of Mediterranean subduction

Abstract High-energy seismicity is historically recorded in Tripolitania, Libya suggesting that this area, far from Mediterranean convergent margin, is currently deforming. How this deformation relates to surrounding tectonics of the Africa-Europe convergence is still poorly known. Here, we use remote sensing image analysis and structural survey to show the recent deformation history that affected Tripolitania and reactivated the western bordering structures of Sirte Basin. This tectonic regime onset long after the Paleocene–Oligocene deformation correlated to the Hellenic subduction evolution (Libyan tectonics have been quiescent since then) and is compatible with age and trends of the Sicily Channel rift zone, a deformational belt that developed across the Maghrebian chain. We show that the continuity of this belt reaches farther than that previously acknowledged, as far as c. 1400 km from the collisional front. We speculate on the causes of deformation in this remote area, suggesting that the extensional belt formed in response to the strong slab-pull gradients at the central Mediterranean subduction margin which followed the progressive closure of the oceanic basin.
Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Perceived Access to Health Care Questionnaire

Background: The Perceived Access to Health Care Questionnaire (PAHCQ) is the latest specific tool used to evaluate patients' accessibility to the health system. Objectives: This study aimed to translate and verify the item analysis, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and known-group analysis of the PAHCQ in a Chinese population. Methods: This study developed and validated the Chinese version of the PAHCQ. The translation of the PAHCQ was based on the back translation of Brislin. This study used simple random sampling to include a sample of 591 subjects in Jiangsu, China. Item analysis was used to verify the questionnaire's expert consistency and cultural adaptation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the structure. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's α, and item validity and test-retest reliability were analyzed. Results: The CFA results indicated that the modified PAHCQ is reasonable. The Cronbach alpha value of the PAHCQ was 0.96. The correlation coefficients for the six domains in test-retest reliability were between 0.67 and 0.91. Comparison of the total PAHCQ scores among participants in different groups of age, gender, maternal status, education level, per capita monthly income, and CCI levels showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The Chinese version of the PAHCQ is a feasible, effective, and reliable tool that can be used to evaluate Chinese patients' perception of health system accessibility.
Intrusion Detection : Generics and State-ofthe-Art ( la Détection de l ’ intrusion : Modèles génériques

Single copies of this publication or of a part of it may be made for individual use only. The approval of the RTA Information Policy Executive is required for more than one copy to be made or an extract included in another publication. Requests to do so should be sent to the address above. RTO is the single focus in NATO for Defence Research and Technology activities. Its mission is to conduct and promote cooperative research and information exchange. The objective is to support the development and effective use of national defence research and technology and to meet the military needs of the Alliance, to maintain a technological lead, and to provide advice to NATO and national decision makers. The RTO performs its mission with the support of an extensive network of national experts. It also ensures effective coordination with other NATO bodies involved in R&T activities. RTO reports both to the Military Committee of NATO and to the Conference of National Armament Directors. It comprises a Research and Technology Board (RTB) as the highest level of national representation and the Research and Technology Agency (RTA), a dedicated staff with its headquarters in Neuilly, near Paris, France. In order to facilitate contacts with the military users and other NATO activities, a small part of the RTA staff is located in NATO Headquarters in Brussels. The Brussels staff also coordinates RTO's cooperation with nations in Middle and Eastern Europe, to which RTO attaches particular importance especially as working together in the field of research is one of the more promising areas of initial cooperation.
Imbricate radial sculpture: a convergent feature within externally shelled cephalopods

Radial sculptural elements (e.g. ribs, lirae), formed by imbrication of two succeeding shell lamellae are found in members of both the Nautiloidea (Cymatoceras) and Ammonoidea (Phylloceratinae and Aspidoceratinae). Their formation involves periodic cessation of shell growth due to weak to moderate withdrawal of the shell secreting mantle. The radial lirae (0.5–1.5 mm in width) of Phylloceratinae and Aspidoceratinae (Aspidoceras and Pseudowaagenia) are created by the succession of sigmoid lamellae of the organic periostracum or of the outer prismatic layer, respectively. Each lira has a characteristic adorally‐projecting, scythe‐like appendage, arising from its crest. The prismatic lirae of Aspidoceras and Pseudowaagenia are analogous to the larger scaled pseudoribs of Cymatoceras. Garland‐like lamellae of the outer prismatic layer form the radial lirae of Mirosphinctes and Epaspidoceras (Aspidoceratinae), but these lack a conspicuous, projecting scythe‐like appendage. Additional prismatic cement is formed within adoral, oval hollow spaces of scythe‐appendage‐bearing lirae, either through diagenetic crystal growth, remote biomineralization or as a component of the dorsal shell. In Aspidoceratinae these prismatic infillings are replaced by a continuous herringbone layer, accompanied by a reduction of the lirae.
Mitral regurgitation: many reasons, multiple myocardial conditions, and several surgical options

We read the article “ Cardiomyopathy in young adults with classic mitral valve prolapsed ” by Malev et al 1 with great interest. In this study, they revealed that the left ventricular global strain was reduced in classic mitral valve prolapse patient group compared with those in healthy and non-classic mitral valve prolapse patient groups. Furthermore, as pro ﬁ brotic cytokines, transforming growth factor- β 1 and - β 2 levels of the classic mitral valve prolapse group were found to be higher compared with the control groups. With its prevalence of 2 – 3%, mitral valve prolapse is the most reason for mitral regurgitation requiring surgical intervention. 2 Degenerative valvular disease, rheumatic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, and mitral valve prolapse may cause mitral regurgitation. 3 Mitral valve prolapse is including
An exploration of learning tool log data in CS1: how to better understand student behaviour and learning

The overall goal of this work is to support student success in computer science. First, I introduce BitFit, an ungraded practice programming tool built to provide students with a pressure-free environment to practice and build confidence working through weekly course material. BitFit was used in an introductory programming course (CSC 110) at the University of Victoria for 5 semesters in 2015 and 2016. The contributions of this work are a number of studies done analyzing the log data collected by BitFit over those years. First, I explore whether patterns can be identified in log data to differentiate successful from unsuccessful students, with a specific focus on identifying students at-risk of failure within the first few weeks of the semester. Next, I separate out only those students who struggle early in the semester, and examine their changes in programming behaviour over time. The goal behind the second study is to differentiate between transient and sustained struggling, in an attempt better understand the reasons successful students are able to overcome early struggles. Finally, I combine survey data with log data to explore whether students understand whether their study habits are likely to lead to success. Overall, this work provides insight into the factors contributing to behavioural change in an introductory programming course. I hope this information can aid educators in providing supportive intervention aimed at guiding struggling students towards more productive learning strategies.
Stratigraphic architecture of "basal Belly River" cycles, Foremost Formation, Belly River Group, subsurface of southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan

La correlation de la subsurface regionale du gres de Basal Belly River a travers le sud de l'Alberta et de la Saskatchewan, suggere que l'unite peut etre divisee en series d'au moins sept cycles (sous-unites de quatrieme ordre) empiles, composes, principalement regressifs. Chaque cycle possede des depots a l'ouest continentaux/charbonneux, une zone centrale composee de gres empiles connexe au littoral et qui s'amincit vers l'est. Dans les cycles inferieurs, des sediments de lobes horizontalement distincts se rapportent probablement aux points originels de sediment de longue vie autour des marges actives du bassin sedimentaire de l'avant-pays. Les sediments originels provenant de l'ouest et du nord-ouest etaient immanquablement plus dominants que ceux provenant du sud et du sud-ouest. La cartographie revele que les points de depots sableux de chaque cycle successif sont situes a l'est des precedents et qu'ils sont stratigraphiquement plus eleves que ces derniers. Ceci indique le desequilibre entre la reserve de sediments provenant de l'ouest et l'affaissement du bassin sedimentaire de l'avant-pays Campanien sur l'ensemble de la progression, mais non continue, permise vers l'est du coin clastique sur plus de 500 km a travers le sud de l'Alberta et le sud-ouest de la Saskatchewan pendant la sedimentation du Basal Belly River (2-5 m.y.). Des cycles plus prononces d'empilages verticaux, et le developpement de zones houilleres d'arriere-plage, vers l'est refletent une croissance de l'alluvionnement a travers les temps se rapportant a une augmentation du taux de soulevement du niveau du seuil, causee probablement par l'affaissement plus rapide du bassin. Chaque cycle composite, tel que cartographie, comprend de plusieurs a une quantite importante de sous-unites (cinquieme ordre) individuelles limitees par des surfaces regionales transgressives localisees, qui sont a la fois stratigraphiquement et geographiquement limitees. De plus, chaque cycle renferme un ensemble precis de gisements de gaz naturel et represente une tendance d'exploration specifique. Pour chacun, la production est obtenue des facies se rapportant a la fois de zones infratidales et canalises.
Aerial Rivers and Lakes: Looking at Large-Scale Moisture Transport and Its Relation to Amazonia and to Subtropical Rainfall in South America

AbstractThis is an observational study of the large-scale moisture transport over South America, with some analyses on its relation to subtropical rainfall. The concept of aerial rivers is proposed as a framework: it is an analogy between the main pathways of moisture flow in the atmosphere and surface rivers. Opposite to surface rivers, aerial rivers gain (lose) water through evaporation (precipitation). The magnitude of the vertically integrated moisture transport is discharge, and precipitable water is like the mass of the liquid column—multiplied by an equivalent speed it gives discharge. Trade wind flow into Amazonia, and the north/northwesterly flow to the subtropics, east of the Andes, are aerial rivers. Aerial lakes are the sections of a moisture pathway where the flow slows down and broadens, because of diffluence, and becomes deeper, with higher precipitable water. This is the case over Amazonia, downstream of the trade wind confluence. In the dry season, moisture from the aerial lake is transpo.
Graphite‐schist blocks in the Franciscan Mélange, San Simeon, California: Evidence of high‐P metamorphism

The seacliff exposure at San Simeon, California, contains graphite‐schist blocks in a shale‐matrix, an undocumented lithology within the Franciscan mélange. Thirty graphite‐schist blocks were studied to discover all the varieties in this classic locality of mélange. Based on their mineralogical assemblage and composition, and textural characteristics the graphite‐schists in San Simeon are subdivided into two main types (Type I and II) with two subdivisions each (A and B). Type IA and IIA blocks are the most abundant. Type IA graphite‐schists are siltstone/fine greywacke‐like, preserve sedimentary textures, and lack lawsonite. Type IB graphite‐schists are mineralogical and texturally similar to Type IA schists, but are finer grained siltstone and shale. Type IIA graphite‐schists are compositionally layered and contain quartz‐ and albite‐rich layers and dark graphite‐ and intergrown mica/chlorite‐rich layers. Nine out of the 15 Type IIA blocks contain lawsonite. Two Type IIA blocks also contain aragonite (+calcite) in veins. Type IIB graphite‐schists are mostly composed of quartz and minor graphite, intergrown chlorite and white mica, and white mica pseudomorphs after lawsonite. The phengite content of mica in Type IIA blocks is higher than that of mica in Type IA graphite‐schists, confirming they were metamorphosed under high‐P/low‐T conditions. Type IA blocks were recrystallized between 200 and 250 °C at <~3 kbar; whereas, Type IIA blocks were metamorphosed under higher pressure conditions, probably at 250–300 °C and 3–5 kbar. Most likely both types of graphite‐schists were derived from a similar layered siltstone/fine greywacke/shale protolith. Organic matter‐rich sediments deposited in the trench axis were subducted along with oceanic crust during Franciscan subduction. Type I graphite‐schists were subducted to depths <10 km, whereas Type II graphite‐schists were subducted to depths ~15 km where they were underplated under high‐P conditions. The graphitic metasedimentary rocks were juxtaposed with mafic lithologies from the subducted oceanic crust that were metamorphosed to blueschist facies and retrograded to greenstone as they returned to the surface in the subduction channel shear zone.
Freshwater Fisheries of Cambodia, I: The Bagnet (Dai) Fishery in the Tonle Sap River

The bagnet or dai fisheries are seasonally operated in the Tonle Sap River and contribute significantly to the freshwater capture fisheries production of Cambodia. The fisheries exploit largely the current years' crop of small fish species migrating out of flooded areas around the Great Lake and Tonle Sap River to the Mekong River. Migration is strongly influenced by the lunar phase. No reliable data on catches and species are available. A special sampling program de­signed using data collected during part of the last season is presented here.
Origin and Mixing of Groundwater Estimated by Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Tracers Technique in Yachi landslide Area, Akita, Japan

地すべりが活動する誘因の1つに地すべり崩積土中の間隙水圧の増加が挙げられる。 間隙水圧の増加は集中豪雨や融雪水などに起因する場合が多く, 降雨 (雪) 水の地下への浸透や地下水との混合のプロセスを解明することは, 地すべりの防止や予知に重要な情報を提供することが期待される。 本論文では様々な水の挙動を把握するために有効な追跡子である酸素・水素安定同位体比を用い, 降水が地下に浸透し涵養域に至るまでの過程を検討した。 調査地域として, 地質状況が把握され, 水抜き用集水井が数多く設置されている秋田県・谷地地すべりを選び, 集水井から排水される地下水や周辺の地表水の同位体比を測定した。 その結果, 集水井ごとに岡位体比の変化幅がそれぞれ異なることが判明した。 このことは降水が地下に浸透してからの地質状況や浸透距離 (時聞) を反映しているものと推定される。 そこで降水の季節変動を利用したモデル計算で平均滞留時間を試算したところ, 短期間の地下水で2ヶ月程度, 長期間の地下水で1年程度で流入から排水に至ることが判明した。
Relationship of salinity and depth to the water table on Tamarix spp. (Saltcedar) growth and water use.

Relationship of Salinity and Depth to the Water Table on Tamarix spp. (saltcedar) Growth and Water Use (December 2003) Kurtiss Michael Schmidt, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Larry D. White Saltcedar is an invasive shrub that has moved into western United States riparian areas and is continuing to spread. Saltcedar is a phreatophyte that can utilize a saturated water table for moisture once established and is also highly tolerant of saline soil and water conditions. Literature has indicated that depth to the water table and salinity has a significant effect on growth and water use by saltcedar. Several studies were initiated to help develop a simulation model of saltcedar growth and water use based on the EPIC9200 simulation model. A study was initiated at the USDA-ARS Blackland Research Center Temple, Texas in the summer of 2002 to better understand the effects of water table depth and salinity on (1) saltcedar above and below ground biomass, root distribution, leaf area and (2) water use. Five different salinity levels (ranging from 0 ppm to 7500 ppm) and three different water table depths (0.5m, 1.0m, and 1.75m) were
BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Binary codes created by doubling construction, including quasi-perfect ones with distance d = 4, are investigated. All [172, 172 − r, 4] quasi-perfect codes are classified. Weight spectrum of the codes dual to quasi-perfect ones with d = 4 is obtained. The automorphism group Aut(C) of codes obtained by doubling construction is studied. A subgroup of Aut(C) is described and it is proved that the subgroup coincides with Aut(C) if the starting matrix of doubling construction has an odd number of columns. (It happens for all quasi-perfect codes with d = 4 except for Hamming one.) The properness and t-properness for error detection of codes obtained by doubling construction are considered.
LONGEVITY OF PORPHYRY COPPER FORMATION AT QUELLAVECO, PERU

Metal introduction at the late Paleocene to early Eocene Quellaveco porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit in southern Peru spans several phases of quartz monzonite porphyry emplacement and is bracketed by a precursor granodiorite pluton and a late-mineral porphyry body that postdates essentially all copper introduction. Together, the U-Pb ages of zircons from these intrusive rocks show that 1.08 ± 0.58 m.y. elapsed between the precursor pluton and initiation of stock emplacement; the porphyry system was active intermittently for at least 3.25 m.y. (4.07 ± 0.82 m.y.); and at least three-quarters of the copper inventory was deposited in a maximum of 3.12 m.y. (2.51 ± 0.61 m.y.). Recent U-Pb zircon dating of several other major central Andean porphyry copper deposits, in combination with other isotopic techniques, suggests that 2.5- to 4-m.y. life spans are commonplace. The longevity of porphyry copper systems implied by these studies appears to reflect the protracted time gaps between the multiple intrusions that intermittently replenished porphyry stocks. Other precise isotopic methods (Re-Os, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar) typically document shorter life spans because it is more difficult, if not impossible, to date the full sequence of events involved in porphyry copper formation.
Impact of COVID-19 on mental illness in vaccinated and unvaccinated people: a population-based cohort study in OpenSAFELY

Background: COVID-19 is associated with subsequent mental illness in both hospital- and population-based studies. Evidence regarding effects of COVID-19 vaccination on mental health consequences of COVID-19 is limited. Methods: With the approval of NHS England, we used linked electronic health records (OpenSAFELY-TPP) to conduct analyses in a 'pre-vaccination' cohort (17,619,987 people) followed during the wild-type/Alpha variant eras (January 2020-June 2021), and 'vaccinated' and 'unvaccinated' cohorts (13,716,225 and 3,130,581 people respectively) during the Delta variant era (June-December 2021). We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) comparing the incidence of mental illness after diagnosis of COVID-19 with the incidence before or without COVID-19. Outcomes: We considered eight outcomes: depression, serious mental illness, general anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, addiction, self-harm, and suicide. Incidence of most outcomes was elevated during weeks 1-4 after COVID-19 diagnosis, compared with before or without COVID-19, in each cohort. Vaccination mitigated the adverse effects of COVID-19 on mental health: aHRs (95% CIs) for depression and for serious mental illness during weeks 1-4 after COVID-19 were 1.93 (1.88-1.98) and 1.42 (1.24-1.61) respectively in the pre-vaccination cohort and 1.79 (1.68-1.91) and 2.21 (1.99-2.45) respectively in the unvaccinated cohort, compared with 1.16 (1.12-1.20) and 0.91 (0.84-0.98) respectively in the vaccinated cohort. Elevation in incidence was higher, and persisted for longer, after hospitalised than non-hospitalised COVID-19. Interpretation: Incidence of mental illness is elevated for up to a year following severe COVID-19 in unvaccinated people. Vaccination mitigates the adverse effect of COVID-19 on mental health. Funding: Medical Research Council (MC_PC_20059) and NIHR (COV-LT-0009).
Comparative study of moisture treatment techniques for mineral insulating oil

The presence of moisture is one of the factors that promote degradation of transformer insulating oils and deterioration of cellulose insulation materials in oil-immersed power transformers, which affect the lifespan of the transformers. Realizing the importance of moisture in transformer insulating oils, this study compares the effectiveness of three moisture treatment techniques nitrogen bubbling technique (NBT), molecular sieve technique (MST), and vacuum oven technique (VOT)) for mineral oil (MO). The moisture content and AC breakdown voltage of the MO samples before and after moisture treatment were measured using Karl Fischer coulometric titrator and portable oil tester, respectively, in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1533 and ASTM D1816 standards. The results showed that NBT is the best moisture treatment technique for the MO, where the NBT reduced 80.79% of moisture present in the oil, followed by MST and VOT, which reduced 72.87 and 42.28% of moisture, respectively. The results also showed that the AC breakdown voltage of the MO samples after moisture treatment was improved owing to the reduction in moisture content.