Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stellar density cusp around a massive black hole

This paper is concerned with the distribution of stars around a massive black hole in a dense star cluster. Spherical symmetry and isotropic distribution functions are assumed along with a power-law mass spectrum of stars to obtain a one-parameter family of equilibrium ''zero-flow'' solutions.The analysis is performed using a Fokker-Planck equation to describe the stellar encounters in their Coulomb potentials in an imposed gravitational potential well of the form phi (r) =phi/sub a/(r/sub a//r)/sup 1/alpha/(.cap alpha.=1 for a massive black hole). We find equilibrium solutions f (E) =KE/sup p/, where p= (3.cap alpha. -5/2)/2, for the single-mass population case, in agreement with previous results, and for a power law mass spectrum f (E, m) =f/sub 0/m/sup x/ exp(: mE/sup -Y/), where Y=1/2(2X+3) for . cap alpha. =1 and X>-1. This leads to the density scalings rho (r, m) proportionalm/sup x/ exp (-mr/sup Y/) r/sup -3/2/ and rho (r) proportionalr/sup -3/2-z/, where Z= (X+1)/2(2X+3), which are close to that for a single-mass population. It is shown how this solution may be matched smoothly onto an isothermal sphere configuration with a similar powerlaw mass spectrum.Assuming a stellar mass-luminosity relation Lproportional.mu. /sup . gamma. /the luminous flux from the cusp scales as L (r) proportionalr/sup -3/2-z prime/where Z'=more » (X+.gamma.)/2(2X+3) (in the case .cap alpha.=1). In projection onto the sky this becomes L/sub p/(s) proportionals/sup -1/2-z prime/which is steeper than that due to a single-mass population where L/sub p/(s) proportionals/sup -3/4/. « less
Hypoxia signaling in cancer: Implications for therapeutic interventions

Abstract Hypoxia is a persistent physiological feature of many different solid tumors and a key driver of malignancy, and in recent years, it has been recognized as an important target for cancer therapy. Hypoxia occurs in the majority of solid tumors due to a poor vascular oxygen supply that is not sufficient to meet the needs of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. A hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) can reduce the effectiveness of other tumor therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the critical role of hypoxia in tumor development, including tumor metabolism, tumor immunity, and tumor angiogenesis. The treatment methods for hypoxic TME are summarized, including hypoxia‐targeted therapy and improving oxygenation by alleviating tumor hypoxia itself. Hyperoxia therapy can be used to improve tissue oxygen partial pressure and relieve tumor hypoxia. We focus on the underlying mechanisms of hyperoxia and their impact on current cancer therapies and discuss the prospects of hyperoxia therapy in cancer treatment.
Common Mathematics Standards in the United States

This article reports the findings from a comparative analysis that examined several mathematical content strands, reasoning processes, and emphasis on technology in prior K–8 state mathematics standards and the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM). Various methodological tools were utilized to compare and contrast CCSSM with prior state standards. Results suggest four primary types of shifts in CCSSM when compared to prior state standards: (1) changes in grade level(s) at which some mathematical content is taught, (2) changes in the number of grade levels in which particular mathematical topics appear, (3) changes in emphasis (increased/decreased) on particular mathematical topics, and (4) changes in the nature and level of reasoning expectations.
The Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Surgery for Colorectal Cancer

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emergency treatment of patients with colorectal cancer in a university surgery clinic. Data from patients undergoing emergency surgery during the pandemic period (2020–2021) was taken into consideration and the results were analyzed and compared with the periods 2016–2017 and 2018–2019. A significant decrease in the number of patients undergoing emergency surgery was reported (p = 0.028). The proportion of patients who presented more severe symptoms at the hospital was significantly higher (p = 0.007). There was an increase in the average duration of surgical interventions compared to pre-pandemic periods (p = 0.021). An increase in the percentage of stomas performed during the pandemic was reported. The average duration of postoperative hospitalization was shorter during the pandemic. A postoperative mortality of 25.7% was highlighted. Conclusions: The pandemic generated by COVID-19 had significant consequences on the emergency treatment of patients with colon cancer. A smaller number of patients showed up at the hospital, and with more severe symptoms. In order to reduce the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus, the postoperative hospitalization period was shortened and a higher number of protective stomas were performed.
A transition state between quasicrystal and approximant in the system Al-Ni-Co

Abstract Correlated domains without strict periodicity but with only a periodic substructure (a, b = 5.18 nm, c = 0.82 nm, γ=108°) were observed in the system Al-Ni-Co by high-resolution transmission microscopy and electron diffraction. A periodic substructure is sufficient to produce a diffraction pattern corresponding to a nanodomain structure of a twinned approximant.
A fractional-step method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations related to a predictor-multicorrector algorithm

SUMMARY An implicit fractional-step method for the numerical solution of the time-dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in primitive variables is studied in this paper. The method, which is first-orderaccurate in the time step, is shown to converge to an exact solution of the equations. By adequately splitting the viscous term, it allows the enforcement of full Dirichlet boundary conditions on the velocity in all substeps of the scheme, unlike standard projection methods. The consideration of this method was actually motivated by the study of a well-known predictor–multicorrector algorithm, when this is applied to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. A new derivation of the algorithm in a general setting is provided, showing in what sense it can also be understood as a fractional-step method; this justifies, in particular, why the original boundary conditions of the problem can be enforced in this algorithm. Two different finite element interpolations are considered for the space discretization, and numerical results obtained with them for standard benchmark cases are presented. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exponential stability for delayed cellular neural networks

A new sufficient condition for global exponential stability and lower bounds on the rate of exponential convergence of delayed cellular neural networks (DCNNs) are obtained by means of a method based on delay differential inequality. The method, which does not make use of any Lyapunov functionals, is simple and effective for the stability analysis of neural networks with delay. Some previously established results in the literature are shown to be special cases of the presented result.
Relaxation two-phase flow models and the subcharacteristic condition

The subcharacteristic condition for hyperbolic relaxation systems states that wave velocities of an equilibrium system cannot exceed the corresponding wave velocities of its relaxation system. This condition is central to the stability of hyperbolic relaxation systems, and is expected to hold for most such models describing natural phenomena. In this paper, we study a hierarchy of two-phase flow models. We consider relaxation with respect to volume transfer, heat transfer and mass transfer. We formally verify that our relaxation processes are consistent with the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and present analytical expressions for the wave velocities for each model in the hierarchy. Through an appropriate choice of variables, we prove directly by sums-of-squares that for all relaxation processes considered, the subcharacteristic condition holds for any thermodynamically stable equation of state.
Association of Rural Hospital for-Profit Status With Higher Publicly Reported Prices for the Components of Inpatient Hematuria Evaluation Among Commercially Insured Patients

Abstract Introduction: Rural patients have limited access to urological care and are vulnerable to high local prices. Little is known about price variation for urological conditions. We aimed to compare reported commercial prices for the components of inpatient hematuria evaluation between for-profit vs not-for-profit and rural vs metropolitan hospitals. Methods: We abstracted commercial prices for the components of intermediate- and high-risk hematuria evaluation from a price transparency data set. We compared hospital characteristics between those that do and do not report prices for a hematuria evaluation using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Healthcare Cost Reporting Information System. Generalized linear modelling evaluated the association between hospital ownership and rural/metropolitan status with prices of intermediate- and high-risk evaluations. Results: Of all hospitals, 17% of for-profits and 22% of not-for-profits report prices for hematuria evaluation. For intermediate-risk, median price at rural for-profit hospitals was $6,393 (interquartile range [IQR] $2,357-$9,295) compared to $1,482 (IQR $906-$2,348) at rural not-for-profits and $2,645 (IQR $1,491-$4,863) at metropolitan for-profits. For high-risk, rural for-profit hospitals’ median price was $11,151 (IQR $5,826-$14,366) vs $3,431 (IQR $2,474-$5,156) at rural not-for-profits and $4,188 (IQR $1,973-$8,663) at metropolitan for-profits. Rural for-profit status was associated with an additional higher price for intermediate- (relative cost ratio 1.62, 95% CI 1.16-2.28, P = .005) and high-risk evaluations (relative cost ratio 1.50, 95% CI 1.15-1.97, P = .003). Conclusions: Rural for-profit hospitals report high prices for components of inpatient hematuria evaluation. Patients should be aware of prices at these facilities. These differences may dissuade patients from undergoing evaluation and lead to disparities.
Bayliss-Turkel-like radiation conditions on surfaces of arbitrary shape

This paper addresses the extension of the Bayliss–Turkel second-order radiation condition to an arbitrarily shaped surface. The derivation is based mainly on the pseudo-differential calculus as well as on the introduction of a criterion providing a precise handling of the approximation process involved in the derivation of the radiation condition. The radiation condition then ranges among the most accurate of those of order two. As a by-product of the derivation, almost all known radiation conditions of order less than or equal to two are recovered and their respective accuracies are compared.
Ishikawa Iteration Process for Nonlinear Lipschitz Strongly Accretive Mappings

Abstract Let E = Lp, p ≥ 2 and let T:E → E be a Lipschitzian and strongly accretive mapping. Let S:E → E be defined by Sx = ƒ − Tx + x. It is proved that under suitable conditions on the real sequences {αn}∞n=0 and {βn}∞n=0, the iteration process, x0 ∈ E, xn+1 = (1 − αn)xn + αnS[(1 − βn)xn + βnSxn], n ≥ 0, converges strongly to the unique solution of Tx = ƒ. A related result deals with the iterative approximation of fixed points for Lipschitz strongly pseudocontractive mappings in E. A consequence of our result gives an affirmative answer to a problem posed by C. E. Chidume (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 151, No. 2 (1990), 453-461).
Y-isomer of Hexachlorocyclohexane (C6H6Cl6) in Modern Human Life and Its Influence on the Processes of Oncogenesis

Today, more than two and a half thousand compounds are known that are used in the production of food products. This is usually done to increase the preservation and storage period and improve organoleptic parameters. However, some of these toxic compounds may inadvertently enter food through packaging material and technological additives. Residues of toxic chemicals and industrial pollutants in food are a serious problem for a healthy body, which can lead to oncogenetic processes. Among such persistent organic pollutants are organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, as well as by-products of chemical production and combustion processes, such as dioxins and furans. One of the most toxic pesticides is the organochlorine pesticide γ-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (C6H6Cl6). Pure hexachlorocyclohexane is a hydrophobic white powder with a crystalline structure that has strong acid-resistant parameters. To date, it is known for sure that hexachlorocyclohexane is a polytropic toxic chemical that primarily affects the central and autonomic nervous system of mammals. Hexachlorocyclohexane has been widely used in agriculture for pest control. Now the substance is banned everywhere. This article is devoted to the effect of hexachlorocyclohexane on the human body.
Mean Streamwise Centerline Velocity Decay and Entrainment in Triangular and Circular Jets

The results of an experimental investigation of triangular and circular jets of air issuing into still-air surroundings are presented. Two isosceles triangular jets, issuing from sharp-edged orifices with apex angles of 30 and 160 deg, a sharp-edged orifice circular jet, and a contoured nozzle circular jet, were used for the study. The orifices and nozzle had the same exit area. The Reynolds number, based on the equivalent diameter of the triangular orifices (or diameter of the circular orifice or nozzle), was (1.68±0.08)×105 in the jets. An x–array hot-wire probe and a pitot-static tube were used to acquire the data. The results show that the 160 deg triangular jet has a higher mean streamwise centerline velocity decay rate but a lower mass entrainment rate than the 30 deg triangular jet. Also, the preferred mode Strouhal numbers for the 160 and 30 deg triangular jets were found to be 0.96 and 0.53, respectively. The autocorrelation coefficient distribution exhibits long tails in the 160 deg triangular j.
Spatio-temporal patterns of non-autonomous systems on hypergraphs: Turing and Benjamin–Feir mechanisms

This paper examines the Turing patterns and the spatio-temporal chaos of non-autonomous systems defined on hypergraphs. The analytical conditions for Turing instability and Benjamin–Feir instability are obtained by linear stability analysis using new comparison principles. The comparison with pairwise interactions is presented to reveal the effect of higher-order interactions on pattern formation. In addition, numerical simulations due to different non-autonomous mechanisms, such as time-varying diffusion coefficients, time-varying reaction kinetics and time-varying diffusion coupling are provided respectively, which verifies the efficiency of theoretical results.
Negative work events impede daily self-efficacy through decreased goal attainment: Are action orientation and job autonomy moderators of the indirect effect?

ABSTRACT Work-related self-efficacy has been found to predict outcomes such as daily work motivation and performance. However, the way in which self-efficacy changes within workdays and how such changes emerge remain unclear. This study integrates research on work events with a self-regulation perspective to explain changes in daily self-efficacy. We argue that negative events hamper daily goal attainment, reducing employees’ self-efficacy. We also investigate differences in employees’ reactivity to negative events, assuming that the strength of the indirect effect differs based on their ability to self-regulate in threatening and demanding situations (indicated by threat- and demand-related action orientation) and to make autonomous decisions (indicated by job autonomy). The model was tested in a diary study across five workdays (N = 101 individuals). The findings indicate that decreased goal attainment explains impairments in self-efficacy on days with more negative events. The negative relationship was stronger for employees with lower demand-related action orientation. However, the indirect effect was not contingent on threat-related action orientation and job autonomy. Our findings contribute to the self-efficacy literature and the growing research on work events by providing knowledge regarding the mechanisms and conditions that can partially explain how and when negative work events reduce employees’ daily self-efficacy.
Osteocytic Sclerostin Expression as an Indicator of Altered Bone Turnover

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a complex and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a major global health problem caused by loss of renal function. Currently, the gold standard to accurately diagnose ROD is based on quantitative histomorphometric analysis of trabecular bone. Although this analysis encompasses the evaluation of osteoblast and osteoclast number/activity, tfigurehe interest in osteocytes remains almost nihil. Nevertheless, this cell type is evidenced to perform a key role in bone turnover, particularly through its production of various bone proteins, such as sclerostin. In this study, we aim to investigate, in the context of ROD, to which extent an association exists between bone turnover and the abundance of osteocytes and osteocytic sclerostin expression in both the trabecular and cortical bone compartments. Additionally, the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone sclerostin expression was examined in parathyroidectomized rats. Our results indicate that PTH exerts a direct inhibitory function on sclerostin, which in turn negatively affects bone turnover and mineralization. Moreover, this study emphasizes the functional differences between cortical and trabecular bone, as the number of (sclerostin-positive) osteocytes is dependent on the respective bone compartment. Finally, we evaluated the potential of sclerostin as a marker for CKD and found that the diagnostic performance of circulating sclerostin is limited and that changes in skeletal sclerostin expression occur more rapidly and more pronounced. The inclusion of osteocytic sclerostin expression and cortical bone analysis could be relevant when performing bone histomorphometric analysis for diagnostic purposes and to unravel pathological mechanisms of bone disease.
Patterns of onwards migration within the urban hierarchy of China: Who moves up and who moves down?

This paper examines onwards migration patterns and the factors that influence them in urban China. In contradiction to Ravenstein’s laws of step migration, we argue that movement up the urban hierarchy does not dominate onwards migration in the Chinese context. Using the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we model how past migratory experiences intersect with migrants’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics to explain the stay-versus-move decision and who moves up as well as who moves down within China’s urban hierarchy. The general pattern of China’s domestic migration is a movement up the urban hierarchy in the first migration and a movement down in onwards migration. We identify a transition-levels effect whereby the larger the difference between the hukou-registered place and the first migration city in the urban hierarchy, the greater the probability of onwards migration, with the effect manifesting most strongly for less-educated, mid-age (the 1970s and 1980s birth cohorts) migrants with rural origins. As to onwards migration direction, mixed results were found for migrants’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics whereas educational level and the transition-levels effect are both highly predictive of movement up and down the urban hierarchy. Our findings suggest that ‘jumping too high’ in previous migration(s) predicts a greater likelihood of moving down the urban hierarchy in response to insurmountable obstacles to settling in cities classified as large and above. Our research advances migration scholarship by considering the multipolar nature of onwards migration and offering an integrated approach to analysis that foregrounds the causes and effects of multiple-step migration.
High-pressure Raman spectroscopy study of wurtzite ZnO

The high-pressure behavior of optical phonons in wurtzite zinc oxide $(w\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{ZnO})$ is studied using room-temperature Raman spectroscopy and ab initio calculations based on a plane-wave pseudopotential method within the density-functional theory. The pressure dependence of the zone-center phonons ${(E}_{2},{A}_{1},$ and ${E}_{1})$ was measured for the wurtzite structure up to the $\mathrm{hexagonal}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{cubic}$ transition near 9 GPa. Above this pressure no active mode was observed. The only negative Gr\"uneisen parameter is that of the ${E}_{2}^{\mathrm{low}}$ mode. ${E}_{1}(\mathrm{LO})$ and (TO) frequencies increase with increasing pressure. The corresponding perpendicular tensor component of the Born's transverse dynamic charge ${e}_{T}^{*}$ is experimentally found to increase under compression like ${e}_{T}^{*}(P)=2.02+6.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}P,$ whereas calculations give ${e}_{T}^{*}(P)=2.09\char21{}2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}P$ (in units of the elementary charge e, P in GPa). In both cases, the pressure variation is small, indicating a weak dependence of the bond ionicity with pressure. The pressure dependence of the optical mode energies is also compared with the prediction of a model that treats the wurtzite-to-rocksalt transition as an homogeneous shear strain. There is no evidence of an anomaly in the ${E}_{2}$ and ${A}_{1}$ mode behaviors before the phase transition.
Experimental study of a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation in axially forced Taylor–Couette flow

A variation of the classical Taylor–Couette system is studied where, with the outer cylinder stationary, the inner cylinder rotates at constant angular velocity while executing harmonic oscillations in the axial direction. Experiments reveal a Hopf (Neimark–Sacker) bifurcation from a limit cycle to a torus. Alternating bands of frequency-locked and quasi-periodic flow are observed and identified. Power spectral plots and (delay reconstructed) Poincaré maps are used to characterize the temporal dynamics. Results are presented on the rotation number variation across parameter space, the shape and growth of frequency-locked resonance horns, and the spatial development of the flow considerably beyond the primary transition surface.
High-Performance and High-Fidelity GPU-Based Monte Carlo Solutions to the BEAVRS Benchmark

Abstract The BEAVRS benchmark is solved by PRAGMA, the graphics processing unit (GPU)–based continuous-energy Monte Carlo code. The solutions consist of the detailed simulation results for the two cycles that involve the reactivity and pin power distribution information for the zero-power physics tests and depletion. Primary results at hot zero power, such as the critical boron concentration at various rodded conditions, control rod bank worth, isothermal temperature coefficients, and assemblywise detector signal, are compared with the measured data. Core-follow calculations are performed with varied power, and the resulting boron letdown curves are compared with the measured one. Hot full-power depletion is also performed and the resulting pinwise power distributions of cycle 1 are compared with the nTRACER results. The comparison with the measured data and also with the nTRACER results demonstrates the high solution fidelity of PRAGMA. In all the calculations, PRAGMA uses a tremendously large number of histories, ranging from up to hundreds of millions per cycle, that are used to fully exploit the massive parallel computing capacity of GPUs. The execution time of the entire core-follow calculation with about 30 burnup steps takes less than 16 h on a single rack of computing nodes mounted with 24 gaming GPUs, which represents considerably high Monte Carlo core calculation performance.