Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revision of the γ-Ray Emission from SNR CTB 109 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

CTB 109 is a middle-aged shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) with bright thermal X-ray emission. We reanalyze the GeV γ-ray emission from CTB 109 using 13 yr of Pass 8 data recorded by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The γ-ray emission of CTB 109 shows a center bright morphology, which is well consistent with its thermal X-ray emission rather than the shell-type structure in the radio band. The spectral analysis shows an evident spectral curvature at ∼several GeV for the GeV γ-ray spectrum, which can naturally explain the lack of TeV γ-ray emission from CTB 109. Although either a leptonic or a hadronic model could fit the multiwavelength observations of CTB 109, the hadronic model is favored considering its γ-ray morphology and the spectral curvature of the GeV spectrum. The unusual γ-ray spectrum of CTB 109 with other SNRs and the luminosity-diameter squared relation make CTB 109 distinguished both from the young-aged SNRs with hard GeV γ-ray spectra and several old-aged SNRs interacting with molecular clouds.
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on a cohort of adults with recurrent major depressive disorder from Catalonia: a decentralized longitudinal study using remote measurement technology

The present study analyzes the effects on depression levels of each containment phase of the first wave of COVID-19 in a cohort of adults with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD). This analysis is part of the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse-MDD (RADAR-MDD) study. Depression was evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) and anxiety with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). A total of 121 participants from Catalonia were registered from November 1, 2019, to October 16, 2020. Levels of depression were explored across the phases (pre-lockdown, lockdown, four post-lockdown phases) of the restrictions imposed by the Spanish/Catalan governments. Then, a mixed model was fitted to estimate how depression varied over the phases. A significant rise in the depressive severity was found during the lockdown and phase 0 (early post-lockdown), as compared with pre-lockdown phase in this sample with a history of MDD. Those with low pre-lockdown depression experienced a higher increase in depression levels during the new-normality. We observed a significant decrease in the depression levels during the new-normality in those with high pre-lockdown depression, compared to the pre-lockdown period. These findings suggest that COVID-19 restrictions impacted on the depression of individuals diagnosed with MDD, depending on their pre-lockdown depression levels.
Spreading melts with basal solidification

Spreading of melts under the influence of solidification has a wide range of applications in engineering and nature. The isothermal spreading process of a viscous melt under the influence of gravity has been well studied in the literature. Features of many practical spreading flows, however, cannot be described with an isothermal model, non‐isothermal effects often being non‐negligible. Due to the range of properties of the melt and possible thermal boundary conditions, many different problems suggest themselves; this paper concerns the spreading of melts on a horizontal substrate under the influence of basal solidification. Using lubrication theory for spreading flows in the viscous/gravitational regime the influence of solidification on the spreading flow is considered for melts with a large release of latent heat. We consider two‐dimensional melts with cross‐sectional area be proportional to tα. The results show different spreading regimes, depending on the parameter α. We get complete solidification for α = 0, retreating contact lines for 0 < α < 1/2, stagnating contact lines for α = 1/2, and advancing contact lines for α > 1/2. The asymptotic behaviour for short and large times is discussed, clarifying the various regimes.
Avian influenza overview September – December 2022

Abstract Between October 2021 and September 2022 Europe has suffered the most devastating highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemic with a total of 2,520 outbreaks in poultry, 227 outbreaks in captive birds, and 3,867 HPAI virus detections in wild birds. The unprecedent geographical extent (37 European countries affected) resulted in 50 million birds culled in affected establishments. In the current reporting period, between 10 September and 2 December 2022, 1,163 HPAI virus detections were reported in 27 European countries in poultry (398), captive (151) and wild birds (613). A decrease in HPAI virus detections in colony‐breeding seabirds species and an increase in the number of detections in waterfowl has been observed. The continuous circulation of the virus in the wild reservoir has led to the frequent introduction of the virus into poultry populations. It is suspected that waterfowl might be more involved than seabirds in the incursion of HPAI virus into poultry establishments. In the coming months, the increasing infection pressure on poultry establishments might increase the risk of incursions in poultry, with potential further spread, primarily in areas with high poultry densities. The viruses detected since September 2022 (clade 2.3.4.4b) belong to eleven genotypes, three of which have circulated in Europe during the summer months, while eight represent new genotypes. HPAI viruses were also detected in wild and farmed mammal species in Europe and North America, showing genetic markers of adaptation to replication in mammals. Since the last report, two A(H5N1) detections in humans in Spain, one A(H5N1), one A(H5N6) and one A(H9N2) human infection in China as well as one A(H5) infection without NA‐type result in Vietnam were reported, respectively. The risk of infection is assessed as low for the general population in the EU/EEA, and low to medium for occupationally exposed people.
Impact of Hospital Safety-Net Burden on Outcomes of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States

IMPORTANCE: High safety-net burden hospitals (HBHs) treating large numbers of uninsured or Medicaid-insured patients have generally been linked to worse clinical outcomes. However, limited data exist on the impact of the hospitals’ safety-net burden on in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) outcomes in the United States. OBJECTIVES: To compare the differences in survival to discharge, routine discharge home, and healthcare resource utilization between patients at HBH with those treated at low safety-net burden hospital (LBH). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective cohort study across hospitals in the United States: Hospitalized patients greater than or equal to 18 years that underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) between 2008 and 2018 identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Database. Data analysis was conducted in January 2022. EXPOSURE: IHCA. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome is survival to hospital discharge. Other outcomes are routine discharge home among survivors, length of hospital stay, and total hospitalization cost RESULTS: From 2008 to 2018, an estimated 555,016 patients were hospitalized with IHCA, of which 19.2% occurred at LBH and 55.2% at HBH. Compared with LBH, patients at HBH were younger (62 ± 20 yr vs 67 ± 17 yr) and predominantly in the lowest median household income (< 25th percentile). In multivariate analysis, HBH was associated with lower chances of survival to hospital discharge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85–0.96) and lower odds of routine discharge (aOR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.47–0.75), compared with LBH. In addition, IHCA patients at publicly owned hospitals and those with medium and large hospital bed size were less likely to survive to hospital discharge, while patients with median household income greater than 25th percentile had better odds of hospital survival. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our study suggests that patients who experience IHCA at HBH may have lower rates and odds of in-hospital survival and are less likely to be routinely discharged home after CPR. Median household income and hospital-level characteristics appear to contribute to survival.
Three-dimensional nanostructuring of polymer materials by controlled avalanche using femtosecond laser pulses

We report direct laser fabrication of free-standing 3D structures in a sol-gel photo-polymer SZ2080, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA-700) and thermo-polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) without use of two-photon absorbing photo-sensitizers. By estimating the multi-photon and avalanche ionization rates in the focal volume it is shown that bulk structuring of pure materials was achieved via a controlled avalanche. It is shown that several non-photosesitized materials can be combined for fabrication of composite material structures evoking a possibility to create non-toxic biocompatible scaffolds for tissue engineering, transparent microoptical elements and higher damage threshold photonic devices.
Single lateral approach for open reduction and internal fixation of posterior malleolar fragment in Weber B rotational ankle fracture

Ankle fractures involving the posterior malleolus are a relatively common injuries, but various surgical approaches are still being introduced, and the selection of an appropriate surgical method is still controversial. The aim of this study was to introduce the surgical method using a single lateral approach for open reduction and internal fixation for posterior malleolar (PM) fractures associated with Weber B type ankle fractures. In this retrospective study, the single lateral approach was used for osteosynthesis of the PM fracture with Weber B lateral malleolar fractures. A total of 40 patients were followed up at for least 12 months (mean, 23.3; range, 12–88). Clinical assessment was based on the Olerud and Molander score, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, visual analog scale, and subjective patient satisfaction 1 year after surgery. The accuracy of reduction was evaluated as <1 mm of displacement on the lateral view of the postoperative radiographs. The mean Olerud and Molander ankle score was 85.6 ± 12.7 and the mean Foot and Ankle Outcome Score was 82.7 ± 15.9 at 1-year postoperatively. Acceptable reduction was achieved in 38 of 40 (95%) cases. During the follow-up period, arthritic change was observed in 1 case and limited range of motion was confirmed in 2 cases. There was 1 case of postoperative wound problem and no case of sural nerve injury. The single lateral approach is a relatively simple and convenient method that enables accurate reduction and minimizing complication for fixation of the PM fractures with Weber B lateral malleolar fractures.
Measurements of Boundary Layer Profiles with In Situ Sensors and Doppler Lidar

Abstract A new in situ measurement system and lidar processing algorithms were developed for improved measurements of boundary layer profiles. The first comparisons of simultaneous Doppler lidar–derived profiles of the key turbulence statistics of the two orthogonal horizontal velocity components (longitudinal and transverse) are presented. The instrument requirements for accurate observations of stably stratified turbulence were determined. A region of stably stratified low turbulence with constant gradients of temperature and velocity was observed above the nocturnal boundary layer using high-rate sensors. The important turbulence parameters were estimated, and turbulence spectra were consistent with new theoretical descriptions of stratified turbulence. The impact of removing the larger-scale velocity features in Doppler lidar estimates of turbulent velocity variance and length scales was investigated. The Doppler lidar–derived estimates of energy dissipation rate ϵ were found to be insensitive to spat.
Social Perceptions of Gender Differences and the Subjective Significance of the Gender Inequality Issue

Background Gender inequality continues to reproduce itself in hidden and ambivalent forms and leads to invisible barriers in women’s careers and lives. The authors were interested in how social perceptions of gender differences would relate to the maintenance of gender inequality in various spheres of life. Objective The purpose of the presented research was to study social perceptions of gender differences in relation to the subjective significance of the gender inequality issue. Design The study was conducted via an online survey throughout February-September of 2019. The sample included 106 people aged 18 to 68 (M = 30.2, σ = 10.5), 49% of respondents were women. The authors have developed and tested a questionnaire assessing the adherence to ideas regarding evident gender differences in various spheres of life. The reliability of all scales of the questionnaire has been tested. Respondents also completed a questionnaire identifying their perceptions of gender inequality and shared their life experience with respect to this phenomenon in the form of free description. Results The following two latent factors reflecting different aspects of gender perceptions have been identified: “Career Inequality” and “Differences in Social Spheres”. Indicators of the subjective significance of gender inequality (which include gender awareness, frequency of gender inequality witnessing, personal experience of gender discrimination and the emotional significance of this experience) were positively correlated with perceptions of career inequalities (these support ideas regarding gender differences when it comes to opportunities for professional realization) and negatively correlated with perceptions of differences within social spheres (these support ideas regarding the existence of essential gender differences within the family, politics and everyday life). Conclusion Articulation of personal experiences of gender inequality is associated with social perceptions of the absence of essential gender differences in various social domains (egalitarianism) and sensitivity to gender inequality with regards to career opportunities.
Protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa canina L. fruit on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular toxicity in mice

Objective: Cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular toxicity has been reported in recipient patients. The current study was designed to evaluate protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa canina L. fruit (HARF) against CP-induced testicular toxicity in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five mice were divided into five groups as follows: group I (control), group II (CP, received CP 100 mg/kg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22), group III (CP + HARF 250 mg/kg), group IV (CP + HARF 500 mg/kg), and group V (CP + HARF 750 mg/kg). In the groups III, IV, and V that received CP, the HARF was simultaneously administered via intraperitoneal injections for 28 consecutive days starting from day 1. On the 29th day, sperm parameters, stress oxidative biomarkers, and mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2 (Nrf2) in testis tissue, as well as blood testosterone were evaluated. Results: The CP exposure decreased sperm parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, testosterone, and Nrf2 mRNA expression levels and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA). HARF at the dose of 500 mg/kg improved sperm count and viability and increased SOD and catalase activities, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, testosterone level, and Nrf2 expression and reduced MDA. Also, HARF at the dose of 750 mg/kg improved sperm parameters and increased SOD, catalase, and GPx activities, total testosterone level, and Nrf2 expression, and reduced MDA in comparison with the CP group. Conclusion: According to our findings, HARF at the doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg inhibited the ruinous effects of CP on the reproductive system in mice.
Blood glucose control with different treatment regimens in type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A retrospective study

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is closely associated with hyperglycemia and a worse prognosis in patients with a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A few studies investigated the effects of diabetes treatment regimens in these patients during hospitalization. Here, we evaluate the impact of insulin and non-insulin therapy on glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with COVID-19. This is a retrospective study including 359 COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to diabetes treatment during hospitalization. The first group included patients treated with insulin only, and the second group patients treated with other antidiabetic agents with or without insulin. Average blood glucose was higher in the insulin-only treatment group (201 ± 66 mg/dL vs 180 ± 71 mg/dL, P = .004), even after excluding mechanically ventilated patients (192 ± 69 vs 169 ± 59 mg/dL, P = .003). In patients with moderate severity of COVID-19, average blood glucose was also significantly higher in the insulin-only treated group (197 ± 76 vs 168 ± 51 mg/dL, P = .001). Most patients (80%) in the combination treatment group received metformin. Moderately affected COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes could safely be treated with antihyperglycemic medications with or without insulin.
Psychological Distress, Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) represent 1% of all gastrointestinal tumors and are included in the list of rare diseases. Objective 1) To evaluate levels of psychological distress, fatigue, and quality of life. 2) To identify the variables that most influence distress among Mexican patients with GIST. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted with a consecutive sample of 100 patients with GIST, who completed the following questionnaires online: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as a measure of distress, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), and Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ C30). Results Distress was present in 31% of patients. No association was found between distress and sociodemographic/clinical variables. The patients with distress demonstrated higher scores in all fatigue dimensions and, regarding quality of life, had more symptoms and were lower functioning. Distress was positively associated with all fatigue dimensions and with QLQ C30 symptoms. Negative associations were found between distress and QLQ C30 functioning dimensions. The predictors of psychological distress were general fatigue, reduced motivation, and emotional functioning. Conclusion The percentage of patients with distress was akin to the levels found in patients with the most common types of cancer. Fatigue in patients with GIST should be evaluated and managed to improve distress levels.
Slip flow in an annulus with corrugated walls

The effects of deterministic surface wavy roughness on the fluid flow inside annuli with microfabricated solid walls was investigated. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using perturbation methods with incorporated microscopic slip conditions at the wavy wall. The volume flow rate thus obtained, considering fully-developed parallel flow cases, contains terms which are related to the Knudsen number (Kn ) of the fluid, roughness ratio ( ), phase shift ( ) and the wave number (k ) of the small wavy-roughness elements. The results show that if the phase shift is zero once Kn is ~0.1 then the increase of k will reduce the second-order volume flow rate significantly. Meanwhile, there is a critical k for the Kn = 0.1 case, in which increases and then this critical k increases.
Characteristics of Mid-Term Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Patients Attending a Follow-Up Clinic: A Prospective Comparison Between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Survivors

IMPORTANCE: At present, it is not clear if critically ill COVID-19 survivors have different needs in terms of follow-up compared with other critically ill survivors, and thus if duplicated post-ICU trajectories are mandatory. OBJECTIVES: To compare the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome and non-COVID-19 (NC) survivors referred to a follow-up clinic at 3 months (M3) after ICU discharge. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Adults who survived an ICU stay greater than or equal to 7 days and attended the M3 consultation were included in this observational study performed in a post-ICU follow-up clinic of a single tertiary hospital. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Patients underwent a standardized assessment, addressing health-related quality of life (3-level version of EQ-5D), sleep disorders (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), physical status (Barthel index, handgrip and quadriceps strengths), mental health disorders (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale-Revised [IES-R]), and cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]). RESULTS: A total of 143 survivors (86 COVID and 57 NC) attended the M3 consultation. Their median age and severity scores were similar. NC patients had a shorter ICU stay (10 d [8–17.2 d]) compared with COVID group (18 d [10.8–30 d]) (p = 0.001). M3 outcomes were similar in the two groups, except for a higher PSQI (p = 0.038) in the COVID group (6 [3–9.5]) versus NC group (4 [2–7]), and a slightly lower Barthel index in the NC group (100 [100–100]) than in the COVID group (100 [85–100]) (p = 0.026). However, the proportion of patients with abnormal values at each score was similar in the two groups. Health-related quality of life was similar in the two groups. The three MoCA (≥ 26), IES-R (<33), and Barthel (=100) were normal in 58 of 143 patients (40.6%). In contrast, 68.5% (98/143) had not returned to their baseline level of daily activities. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In our follow-up clinic at 3 months after discharge, the proportion of patients presenting alterations in the main PICS domains was similar whether they survived a COVID-19 or another critical illness, despite longer ICU stay in COVID group. Cognition and sleep were the two most affected PICS domains.
Galactic scale star formation: Interplay between stellar spirals and the ISM

Abstract Spiral structures in the disk galaxies have been extensively studied by many theoretical papers, but conventional steady-state models are not consistent with what we observe in time-dependent, multi-dimensional numerical simulations and also in real galaxies. Here we review recent progress in numerical modeling of stellar and gas spirals in disk galaxies. The spiral arms excited in a stellar disk can last for 10 Gyrs without the ISM, but each spiral arm is short-lived and is recurrently formed. The stellar spirals are not waves propagating with a single pattern speed. The ISM is concentrated in local potential minima, which roughly follow the galactic rotation together with the stellar arms, therefore galactic dust lanes are not the classic ‘galactic shocks’.
The Role of Effector-Specific Task Representations in Voluntary Task Switching

There has been an increasing interest in uncovering the mechanisms underpinning how people decide which task to perform at a given time. Many studies suggest that task representations are crucial in guiding such voluntary task selection behavior, which is primarily reflected in a bias to select task repetitions over task switches. However, it is not yet clear whether the task-specific motor effectors are also a crucial component of task representations when deciding to switch tasks. Across three experiments using different voluntary task switching (VTS) procedures, we show that a greater overlap in task representations with a task-to-finger mapping than task-to-hand mapping increases participants’ switching behavior (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2), but not when they were instructed to randomly select tasks (Exp. 3). Thus, task-specific stimulus-response associations can change the way people mentally represent tasks and influence switching behavior, suggesting that motor effectors should be considered as a component of task representations in biasing cognitive flexibility.