Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explorer Neuroticism, depressive symptoms and white-matter integrity in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

Background. Clinical depression is associated with reductions in white-matter integrity in several long tracts of the brain. The extent to which these ﬁndings are localized or related to depressive symptoms or personality traits linked to disease risk remains unclear. Method. Members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC936) were assessed in two waves at mean ages of 70 and 73 years. At wave 1, they underwent assessments of depressive symptoms and the personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion. Brain diﬀusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were obtained at the second wave and mood assessments were repeated. We tested whether depressive symptoms were related to reduced white-matter tract fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of integrity, and then examined whether high neuroticism or low extraversion mediated this relationship. Results. Six hundred and sixty-eight participants provided useable data. Bilateral uncinate fasciculus FA was signiﬁcantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms at both waves (standardized b = 0.12–0.16). Higher neuroticism and lower extraversion were also signiﬁcantly associated with lower uncinate FA bilaterally (standardized b = 0.09–0.15) and signiﬁcantly mediated the relationship between FA and depressive symptoms. Conclusions. Trait liability to depression and depressive symptoms are associated with reduced structural connectivity in tracts connecting the prefrontal cortex with the amygdala and anterior temporal cortex. These eﬀects suggest that frontotemporal disconnection is linked to the etiology of depression, in part through personality trait diﬀerences.
Efficiency of MTT and Trypan Blue Assays for Detection of Viability and Recovery of Different Frozen Cell Lines

HE quantity of healthy cells in a sample is known as cell viability. For all types of cell culture, measuring cell viability is crucial to ensuring a supply of high-quality cell lines through setup, preparation and storage. Although the cryopreservation technique is used in both scientific and clinical research, there are still certain restrictions. At low temperatures, such as −196 °C (i.e., in liquid nitrogen) cells metabolize is almost nothing, which has unavoidable side effects, such as a genetic drift toward biological variations of cell-associated changes in lipids and proteins that could impair cellular activity and structure. Also, cells can be harmed by cryoprotective agents (CPAs), especially when they were administered in high concentrations in conditions where they would typically be used. So, it is important to use a reliable technique to follow up changes affecting cell viability after cryopreservation which were compared with control freshly subcultured cells. In the present study, the MTT assay was used to correlate cell behavior according to the number of healthy and viable cells. Different kinds of cell cultures were cryopreserved with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 10% for variable years in a liquid nitrogen tank (-196 °C). Then, different samples were tested for viability using the MTT assay and counted by the trypan blue assay for comparing both results accuracy and confirmed by visual examination in sub-cultured media twenty four hours post-thawing. The MTT assay was easy, fast and showed more accurate results than the trypan blue assay. The visual examination twenty four hours post-subculture indicated that MTT assay can differentiate between healthy and apparently viable cells which have lost their function whereas the trypan blue assay failed to detect healthy cells in some samples.
Sentiment of Technical Debt Security Questions on Stack Overflow: A Replication Study

—Technical debt (TD) refers to the accumulation of negative consequences resulting from sub-optimal solutions during software development. A recent paper by Edbert et al. studied the difference between security-related TD questions, and security-related non-TD questions on Stack Overflow (SO). One of the characteristics under investigation is the sentiment expressed in these two categories as sentiment provides insight into developers’ attitudes and emotions toward security-related TD. To this end, Edbert et al. used a general-purpose, off-the-shelf, sentiment analysis tool. However, previous research has shown that general-purpose off-the-shelf sentiment tools are potentially unreliable when applied to software engineering texts. Therefore, we replicate the study by Edbert et al. using state-of-the-art sentiment analysis tools purpose-built and fine-tuned on SE data, to understand whether and how tool-choice influences the obtained results. We consider both shallow (Senti4SD) and deep learning (BERT4SentiSE) tools. To further understand the differences between shallow and deep-learning sentiment analysis tools, we perform a qualitative analysis into the underlying reasons for tools disagreement. We identify five categories of disagreements: misunderstanding context, courtesy phrases, subjective sentiment, brevity, and divergent examples. Our results are relevant to academics, reiterating the relevance of careful selection of tools used to perform sentiment analysis. Furthermore, the results are relevant to users and developers of sentiment analysis tools, as they inform tool selection dependent on the application domain, and provide insight into optimization of the pre-processing steps. Finally, our study shows that retraining sentiment analysis tools with identical data fails to resolve fundamental inconsistencies between how certain types of language, such as courtesy phrases, are classified.
Spontaneous hot flow anomalies at Mars and Venus

We report the first observations of Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomalies (SHFAs) at Venus and Mars, demonstrating their existence in the foreshocks of other planets beyond Earth. Using data from the ESA Venus Express and the NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft, we present magnetic and plasma observations from events at both planets, exhibiting properties similar to “classical” Hot Flow Anomalies, with bounding shock‐like compressive regions and a hot and diffuse core. However, these explosive foreshock transients were observed without any attendant interplanetary magnetic field discontinuity, consistent with SHFAs observed at Earth and our hybrid simulations.
Psychosocial Variables Associated with Postpartum Depression in Breastfeeding Women: A Prospective Study

Background : To analyze (Aim 1) if there is an association between maintaining breastfeeding for 4 months after delivery and postpartum depression (n = 160) and (Aim 2) what sociodemographic, obstetric and psychosocial factors are associated to the presence of postpartum depression among the women who continue to breastfeed for 4 months after delivery (n = 81). Methods : A total of 160 women who initiated exclusive breastfeeding within an hour of childbirth participated for Aim 1. For Aim 2, a total of 81 of these same participants, specifically those who continued breastfeeding 4 months after giving birth, constituted the final sample. For Aim 2, a prospective design was used, which included four stages. During the first trimester of pregnancy, pregnancy worries, extroversion and neuroticism, external locus of control and psychiatric symptoms were assessed. In the third trimester of pregnancy, psychiatric symptoms were assessed again. Immediately after childbirth, the initiation of exclusive breastfeeding was recorded, and four months after childbirth, both postpartum depression scores and the continuation of breastfeeding were assessed. Likewise, different sociodemographic and obstetric variables were assessed, including age, type of delivery, pain during and after delivery, among others. Results : In relation to Aim 1, no statistically significant associations were found between postpartum depression and the continuation of breastfeeding four months after childbirth. In relation to Aim 2, the presence of postpartum depression among the women who continued to breastfeed was associated to higher scores on neuroticism, pregnancy worries, external locus of control and anxiety and depression during both trimesters, as well as with lower extraversion scores. The results of binary logistic regression showed that, of the above variables, anxiety during the third trimester was the strongest predictor. Conclusions : It seems as though it would be necessary to assess psychosocial risks to be able to prevent postpartum depression and therefore improve mothers’ wellbeing during breastfeeding.
Numerical modelling of flow and transport on massively parallel computers

c © 2003 by John von Neumann Institute for Computing Permission to make digital or hard copies of portions of this work for personal or classroom use is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise requires prior specific permission by the publisher mentioned above.
Clinically meaningful treatment responses after switching to galantamine and with addition of memantine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease receiving donepezil

Clinical trials have shown the benefits of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil and galantamine, and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine, in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, little is known regarding the effects of switching from donepezil 5 mg/day to galantamine 16 or 24 mg/day, or regarding the effects of adding memantine to established therapy compared with increasing the dose of donepezil. This report discusses two studies conducted to evaluate treatment with galantamine and memantine with respect to cognitive benefits and caregiver evaluations in patients with AD receiving donepezil 5 mg/day for more than 6 months. Patients with mild or moderate AD (scores 10–22 on the Mini-Mental State Examination) were enrolled in the Galantamine Switch study and switched to galantamine (maximum doses 16 mg versus 24 mg). Patients with moderate to severe AD (Mini-Mental State Examination scores 3–14) were enrolled in the Donepezil Increase versus Additional Memantine study and either had their donepezil dose increased to 10 mg/day or memantine 20 mg/day added to their existing donepezil dose. Patients received the study treatment for 28 weeks and their Disability Assessment for Dementia, Mental Function Impairment Scale, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores were assessed with assistance from their caregivers. For the Galantamine Switch study after 8 weeks, agitation evaluated by the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory improved in both the 16 mg and 24 mg groups compared with baseline. However, there were no significant differences between the two galantamine groups. Agitation was also less in patients in the additional memantine group than in the donepezil increase group. In summary, switching to galantamine from donepezil and addition of memantine in patients with AD receiving donepezil were both safe and meaningful treatment options, and particularly efficacious for suppression of agitation.
Same Involvement, Di ﬀ erent Reasons: How Personality Factors and Organizations Contribute to Heavy Work Investment

: The academic literature has drawn a clear distinction between a positive form (i.e., work engagement) and a negative form (i.e., workaholism) of heavy work investment (HWI). Nevertheless, the di ﬀ erent weight of individual and situational factors contributing to their development was not thoroughly explored. This study aims to investigate the role of individual variables (i.e., obsessive–compulsive traits, achievement orientation, perfectionism, and conscientiousness) and situational factors (i.e., job demands and overwork climate) regarding engagement and workaholism simultaneously. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 523 Italian employees. Results of structural equation modeling revealed that overwork climate and job demands were conversely related to engagement and workaholism, with job demand reporting the strongest association with workaholism. Furthermore, fear of failure was the only individual factor showing a signiﬁcant and opposite relationship with workaholism and engagement. In contrast, perfectionism was positively associated with both forms of HWI. These results shed light on the potential e ﬀ ectiveness of intervention strategies focused on the employees and organizations in preventing workaholism and promoting engagement.
Becker Digital

mechanical ventilation (IMV), comparing odds of prior vaccination between patients with and without progression. Results . After excluding patients receiving mRNA vaccines, among 3979 COVID-19 case-patients (5% vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S) and 2229 controls (13% vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S), VEs of Ad26.COV2. S against COVID-19 hospitalization was 70% (95% con ﬁ dence interval [CI]: 63 – 75%) overall, including 55% (29 – 72%) among immunocompromised patients, and 72% (64 – 77%) among immunocompetent patients, for whom VEs was similar at 14 – 90 days (73% [59 – 82%]), 91 – 180 days (71% [60 – 80%]), and 181 – 274 days (70% [54 – 81%]) postvaccination. Among hospitalized COVID-19 case-patients, VEp was 46% (18 – 65%) among immunocompetent patients. Conclusions . The Ad26.COV2. S COVID-19 vaccine reduced the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization by 72% among immunocompetent adults without waning through 6 months postvaccination. After hospitalization for COVID-19, vaccinated immunocompetent patients were less likely to require IMV or die compared to unvaccinated immunocompetent patients
14C release from steels under aerobic conditions

ABSTRACT Radiocarbon (14C) is a key radionuclide in the assessment of the safety of underground geological disposal facilities for radioactive wastes, and the understanding of the 14C behavior in stainless steel may lead to a re-evaluation of the near-surface repository for the disposal of wastes containing this radionuclide in high concentrations. To achieve this objective, leaching experiments were planned for two different scenarios. The first is where the leaching solution, NaOH solution of pH ca. 12 in aerobic conditions, simulates the expected conditions in a cement-based near-surface repository over long time periods. The other one uses an acid solution of 1M H3PO4, which has been proved as a high efficiency chemical removal agent of 14C in graphite. The development of both analytical methods and protocols to measure the release of 14C from the activated steel samples and the speciation in the aqueous and gaseous phase has been undertaken as part of the EC CAST (CArbon-14 Source Term) project. Analytical methods, suitable for identifying and quantifying low molecular weight organic molecules, comprise ion chromatography (IC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS); they are described for aqueous and gaseous samples, respectively. In this paper the preparation of leaching experiments to measure the release of 14C and the results obtained are described.
Effect of expanding farmlands with domestication of animals in the vicinity of disturbed swamps and built-up farmland ponds on population dispersion and decline of locally adapted Mansonia vectors (Diptera: Culicidae)

Background and Objectives: The adaptive processes and resilience of Mansonia vectors responsible for bioindicators can change in response to climate, land use, and environmental changes. This study evaluated the effects of expanding farmlands with the domestication of animals in the vicinity of either disturbed swamps or built-up farmland ponds on the population dispersion and decline of locally adapted Mansonia faunas as a result of expanding farmlands in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Based on environmental surveys, four different geographically defined study sites were selected: I - the expanding farmlands with domestication of livestock and pet animals in the vicinity of low-lying swamp with habitat fragmentation and aquatic vegetation; II - the expanding farmlands with domestication of pet animals in the vicinity of elevated swamp with habitat destruction and aquatic vegetation; III - the expanding farmlands with domestication of livestock and pet animals in the vicinity of low-lying farmland ponds with restoration and aquatic vegetation; and IV - the expanding farmlands with domestication of pet animals in the vicinity of elevated farmland ponds with restoration and aquatic vegetation. Human landing catch collection method was used to periodically assess the species composition and abundance of Mansonia vectors. Results: Aggregated distributions and seasonal abundances of Mansonia faunas (Mansonia uniformis, Mansonia indiana, Mansonia annulifera, Mansonia annulata, Mansonia bonneae, and Mansonia dives) with variable proportions were observed at all the study sites. A decline in the population of Mansonia faunas, except for Ma. uniformis, was observed at study sites I and II. Conclusion: The anticipated effects of expanding farmlands affected the population dispersion and decline of locally adapted Mansonia faunas, thus representing a diverse assemblage of Mansonia species with different adaptations, ecological tolerances, and host exploitation strategies in life. These effects depended either on the function of disturbed swamps or on the development of farmland ponds, whether they provided a wide range of freshwater habitats, or on the domestication of animals, whether they provided animal blood meal sources. Keywords: built-up farmland ponds, disturbed swamps, expanding farmland, freshwater habitats, and animal blood meal sources, Mansonia fauna.
Gender Determination by Measuring the Mandibular Ramus and Body of the Mandible: A Retrospective Radiographic Study

Aims:1) To measure the height and width of the mandibular ramus and height of the body of the mandible on digital orthopantomograms. 2) To compare the measurements on the mandibular ramus & body of the mandible and use them in gender determination. Setting and Design: Retrospective study on 120 retrieved digital ortho pantomograms of individuals of Indian origin. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted on 120 retrieved digital orthopantomograms which were categorized into three age groups of age between 21-50 years. 40 digital orthopantomograms were selected under each age group which included 20 male and 20 female radiographs. The Digital OPG images that were obtained using the PLANMECA PROLINE XC machine were measured using PLANMECA ROMEXIS 2.3. 1.R software.
Traceable Secret Sharing: Strong Security and Efficient Constructions

Suppose Alice uses a t -out-of- n secret sharing to store her secret key on n servers. Her secret key is protected as long as t of them do not collude. However, what if a less-than-t subset of the servers decides to offer the shares they have for sale? In this case, Alice should be able to hold them accountable, or else nothing prevents them from selling her shares. With this motivation in mind, Goyal, Song, and Srinivasan (CRYPTO 21) introduced the concept of traceable secret sharing . In such schemes, it is possible to provably trace the leaked secret shares back to the servers who leaked them. Goyal et al. presented the first construction of a traceable secret sharing scheme. However, secret shares in their construction are quadratic in the secret size, and their tracing algorithm is quite involved as it relies on Goldreich-Levin decoding. In this work, we put forth new definitions and practical constructions for traceable secret sharing. In our model, some f < t servers output a reconstruction box R that may arbitrarily depend on their shares. Given additional t − f shares, R reconstructs and outputs the secret. The task is to trace R back to the corrupted servers given black-box access to R . Unlike Goyal et al., we do not assume that the tracing algorithm has any information on how the corrupted servers constructed R from the shares in their possession. We then present two very efficient constructions of traceable secret sharing based on two classic secret sharing schemes. In both of our schemes, shares are only twice as large as the secret, improving over the quadratic overhead of Goyal et al. Our first scheme is obtained by presenting a new practical tracing algorithm for the widely-used Shamir secret sharing scheme. Our second construction is based on an extension of Blakley’s secret sharing scheme. Tracing in this scheme is optimally efficient, and requires just one successful query to R . We believe that our constructions are an important step towards bringing traceable secret-sharing schemes to practice. This work also raises several interesting open problems that we describe in the paper.
On leakage and seepage from geological carbon sequestration sites

LBNL-51130 On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites C.M. Oldenburg, A.J.A. Unger, R.P. Hepple, and P.D. Jordan June 2002 Earth Sciences Division Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 BP–DOE CRADA Health, Safety, and Environmental Risk Assessment for Leakage of CO 2 from Deep Geologic Storage Sites Task 1. Report on modeled surface leakage rates for a range of scenarios for CO 2 sequestration in geologic formations This work was supported in part by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between BP Corporation North America, as part of the CO 2 Capture Project (CCP) of the Joint Industry Program (JIP), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the National Energy Technologies Laboratory (NETL), and by the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, managed for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE- AC03-76SF00098.
Ring-shaped morphological features and interpreted small seamounts between southern Quebec (Canada) and the New England seamounts (USA) and their possible association with the New England hotspot track

Enhancements of recently available high-resolution multibeam echosounder data from the western Gulf of Maine and Atlantic continental margin and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and digital elevation model data from southeastern Quebec (Canada) and the northeastern United States have revealed numerous ring-shaped morphological features and interpreted small seamounts between the Monteregian Hills igneous province and the New England seamounts. The morphological features onshore are mainly ring-shaped depressions, several of which surround mapped igneous intrusions in the Monteregian Hills igneous province and White Mountain magma series. Most of the rings offshore are also depressions, although a few rings are curved ridges above the seafloor. The largest ring in the western Gulf of Maine is the 30-km-diameter Tillies ring that lies 20 km east of Cape Ann, MA. Several small (<3 km in diameter) round, flat-topped submerged hills that we interpret to be volcanic necks are also present beneath the western Gulf of Maine. The rings between Cape Cod and the continental slope are more subtle because of thicker sediments and poorer spatial resolution of the sonar data in this area. The southernmost ring-shaped features are located on the continental slope and upper continental rise and coincide with the northwestern end of the New England seamount chain. The concentration of these features between the Monteregian Hills igneous province and the New England seamounts suggests that they are igneous features that may be associated with the New England hotspot track.