Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Therapeutics for Insomnia: Assessing the Effectiveness of a Computerized Home-Based Cognitive Stimulation Program.

BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances represent a major health burden today, affecting up to one-third of the population worldwide. Computerized cognitive stimulation has been proven as an effective approach in diminishing negative symptomatology and improving the quality of life in a range of medical conditions. Given its nature in enhancing neural networks, such as those involved in stimulus monitoring and inhibitory processes, computerized cognitive stimulation is arising as a potential tool to overcome underlying cognitive deficits found among patients suffering from insomnia. In the current study, we report the results of Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials of a home-based computerized cognitive stimulation program. METHODS The cognitive stimulation intervention followed a home-based approach with online supervision by a psychologist. The training activities were gamified cognitive tasks that had been designed to improve executive functions, with a focus on inhibition skills. The Insomnia Severity Index and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scales were used as the main assessment measures. Data from the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire were also recorded before and after the intervention. During 15 consecutive days, participants performed on alternate days a total of 7 training sessions (each lasting 45 minutes). RESULTS Twelve patients with clinical insomnia were administered the home-based online cognitive stimulation program. After seven training sessions, mean changes in sleep quality, depressive and anxiety symptoms, worry thoughts, and everyday function were found, with significant improvements in these domains in the full absence of safety issues. CONCLUSIONS In patients with insomnia, cognitive stimulation demonstrated improvements in sleep quality, mood, and cognitive performance over a 15-day protocol. No relevant side effects were reported. The long-term effectiveness of the intervention is still unknown. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol has been reviewed and published in ClinicalTrials.gov, assigning it the code NCT05050292 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05050292? term=NCT05050292&draw=2&rank=1.
Cas9‐orthologue‐mediated cytosine and adenine base editors recognizing NNAAAA PAM sequences

CRISPR/Cas9 system has been applied as an effective genome‐targeting technology. By fusing deaminases with Cas9 nickase (nCas9), various cytosine and adenine base editors (CBEs and ABEs) have been successfully developed that can efficiently induce nucleotide conversions and install pathogenic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cultured cells and animal models. However, the applications of BEs are frequently limited by the specific protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences and protein sizes. To expand the toolbox for BEs that can recognize novel PAM sequences, we cloned a Cas9 ortholog from Streptococcus sinensis (named as SsiCas9) with a smaller size and constructed it into APOBEC1‐ or APOBEC3A‐composed CBEs and TadA or TadA*‐composed ABEs, which yield high editing efficiencies, low off‐targeting activities, and low indel rates in human cells. Compared to PAMless SpRY Cas9‐composed BE4max, SsiCas9‐mediated BE4max displayed higher editing efficiencies for targets with “NNAAAA” PAM sequences. Moreover, SsiCas9‐mediated BE4max induced highly efficient C‐to‐T conversions in the mouse Ar gene (R841C) to introduce a human androgen resistance syndrome‐related mutation (AR R820C) in early mouse embryos. Thus, we developed novel BEs mediated by SsiCas9, expanded the toolbox for base conversions, and broadened the range of editable genomes in vitro and in vivo.
Exact computation of input‐energy spectra from Fourier amplitude spectra

A theoretically exact relation is presented between the Fourier amplitude spectrum and the elastic input‐energy spectrum. This energy spectrum is computed from the Fourier acceleration amplitude spectrum and the real part of the relative velocity transfer function of the single‐degree‐of‐freedom elastic oscillator. Some accelerometric records collected worldwide are used to prove the solution. It is shown that the relation presented in this work opens the door for a better understanding of the relationship between the input‐energy spectrum and other seismological variables, such as magnitude and focal distance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis of ocular surface diseases

With the rapid development of computer technology, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology research has gained prominence in modern medicine. Artificial intelligence-related research in ophthalmology previously focused on the screening and diagnosis of fundus diseases, particularly diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Since fundus images are relatively fixed, their standards are easy to unify. Artificial intelligence research related to ocular surface diseases has also increased. The main issue with research on ocular surface diseases is that the images involved are complex, with many modalities. Therefore, this review aims to summarize current artificial intelligence research and technologies used to diagnose ocular surface diseases such as pterygium, keratoconus, infectious keratitis, and dry eye to identify mature artificial intelligence models that are suitable for research of ocular surface diseases and potential algorithms that may be used in the future.
Is the SES and academic achievement relationship mediated by cognitive ability? Evidence from PISA 2018 using data from 77 countries

Introduction Earlier research has suggested that that the international large-scale assessment, PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), may be looked upon as a form of school test that is mostly explained by participating students’ socioeconomic status, non-cognitive factors, and various school factors, whereas another strand of research focuses on the similarities between PISA and cognitive ability assessments such as IQ tests. The latter position does also highlight the strong relationships between PISA scores and IQ test scores, typically aggregated to the country level. The current article adds to this scholarly debate by examining the latest PISA survey from 2018. Methods Correlation, regression, moderator, and mediation analyses were run for aggregated country-level data (N = 77) from PISA 2018. Results The results indicate that PISA scores indeed are strongly associated with both cognitive ability test scores and socioeconomic status indicators such as average annual national income. Discussion A more nuanced position suggests that PISA should be labelled a test that measures cognitive school skills rather than a proxy of national IQ, as the link between country-level abilities and school age abilities is neither causal, nor theoretically and empirically palpable, yet partly robust.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF PERFORMING ANY MULTI-PROVER INTERACTIVE PROOF IN CONSTANTLY MANY ROUNDS

In 1990 Babai, Fortnow, and Lund built a two-prover interactive proof system for an NEXP-complete set, thereby proving that the complexity classes MIP and NEXP coincide. In the present paper for an arbitrary NEXP-set a two-prover interactive protocol is built with permissible error probability 1/3, the number of rounds being bounded by a universal constant c, i.e., it is proved that for some constant c the classes MIP and IP(2,c) coincide.
DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF REFLECTION-DRIVEN, REDUCED MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE FROM THE SUN TO THE ALFVÉN CRITICAL POINT

We present direct numerical simulations of inhomogeneous reduced magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) turbulence between the Sun and the Alfvén critical point. These are the first such simulations that take into account the solar-wind outflow velocity and the radial inhomogeneity of the background solar wind without approximating the nonlinear terms in the governing equations. RMHD turbulence is driven by outward-propagating Alfvén waves (z+ fluctuations) launched from the Sun, which undergo partial non-WKB reflection to produce sunward-propagating Alfvén waves (z− fluctuations). We present 10 simulations with different values of the correlation time and perpendicular correlation length L⊥☉ of outward-propagating Alfvén waves at the coronal base. We find that between 15% and 33% of the z+ energy launched into the corona dissipates between the coronal base and Alfvén critical point. Between 33% and 40% of this input energy goes into work on the solar-wind outflow, and between 22% and 36% escapes as z+ fluctuations through the simulation boundary at r = rA. The z± power spectra scale like , where k⊥ is the wavenumber in the plane perpendicular to B0. In our simulation with the smallest value of (∼2 minutes) and largest value of L⊥☉ (2 × 104 km), we find that α+ decreases approximately linearly with increasing ln (r), reaching a value of 1.3 at r = 11.1 R☉. Our simulations with larger values of exhibit alignment between the contours of constant ϕ+, ϕ−, , and , where ϕ± are the Elsässer potentials and are the outer-scale parallel Elsässer vorticities.
Liquid Fuel Jet in Crossflow -Trajectory Correlations based on the Column Breakup Point

The placement of the fuel in combustors is significant for combustor design. Hence the study of the liquid penetration into a crossflow has received attention from various researchers. There have been various correlations suggested for the upper surface of the liquid jet trajectories suggested by several researchers. However, many of these correlations are applicable to specific operating conditions, injector geometries and measurement techniques. This study is an attempt to develop spray trajectory correlations that is applicable to a wide range of operating conditions and injector geometries. Previous studies have shown that the penetration of a spray created by round edged orifice is higher than that created by a sharp edged orifice. The approach is to develop trajectory correlations to the spray created by a round edged orifice that is expected to give the highest penetration. For the injectors of various other geometries, a correction factor is used to obtain the spray trajectories. Preliminary study has shown that the location of the column breakup point obtained by using the liquid jet light guiding technique could possibly be a part of the correction factor to the penetration of the spray. The trajectories of the jet and the location of the column breakup points are obtained for four different injectors at several operating conditions. These results are used for obtaining the correlation for the spray trajectory and the correction factor for the various injectors.
Influence Of Socio-Economic Factors On Choice Of Childbirth Place Among Women In Oyigbo, Rivers State, Nigeria

Choices of childbirth places among women may influence the rate of maternal mortality which is still a major challenge especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Some of these choices could be influenced by social and economic factors and the commonest being home birth which increases maternal risks. This study aimed to find out the prevalent socio-economic factors that influence the birthplace choices among the women in a suburban community in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study utilized a descriptive, cross-sectional design. Respondents were selected through simple random sampling. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The data were analyzed using frequency and percentage for descriptive statistics and chi-square for inferential statistics with the SPSS software at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that most of the women had secondary education (57.1%) and choose health facility for childbirth (91.4%). There was significant association between distance (x²= 12.69, p= 0.005)and available finance (x²= 10.26, p= 0.016), and educational qualifications (x²= 18.75, p= 0.005)and the choices of childbirth places among the women, but there was no significant association between road access to health facility (x²= 5.47, p= 0.140)and unavailability of skilled birth personnel (x²= 6.23, p= 0.101) and income (x²= 8.38, p= 0.212) and choices of childbirth places among the women. This study has shown that there is influence of some socio-economic factors on the choices women make on childbirth places.
Use of Multi-Date and Multi-Spectral UAS Imagery to Classify Dominant Tree Species in the Wet Miombo Woodlands of Zambia

Accurate maps of tree species distributions are necessary for the sustainable management of forests with desired ecological functions. However, image classification methods to produce species distribution maps for supporting sustainable forest management are still lacking in the Miombo woodland ecoregion. This study used multi-date multispectral Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) imagery collected at key phenological stages (leaf maturity, transition to senescence, and leaf flushing) to classify five dominant canopy species of the wet Miombo woodlands in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) with a random forest algorithm was used on single date, multi-date, and multi-feature UAS imagery for classifying the dominant canopy tree species of the wet Miombo woodlands. It was found that classification accuracy varies both with dates and features used. For example, the August image yielded the best single date overall accuracy (OA, 80.12%, 0.68 kappa), compared to October (73.25% OA, 0.59 kappa) and May (76.64% OA, 0.63 kappa). The use of a three-date image combination improved the classification accuracy to 84.25% OA and 0.72 kappa. After adding spectral indices to multi-date image combination, the accuracy was further improved to 87.07% and 0.83 kappa. The results highlight the potential of using multispectral UAS imagery and phenology in mapping individual tree species in the Miombo ecoregion. It also provides guidance for future studies using multispectral UAS for sustainable management of Miombo tree species.
On the analysis of experimental observations in problems of elastic stability

1. In the concluding section of a paper published in 1913 I endeavoured to assess the practical value of a theory of elastic instability. Two factors operate to impair agreement with experimental results: (1) the finite strength of actual materials, and (2) unavoidable imperfections of workmanship, which prohibit the realisation of its concept of a “critical load. ” I showed how in one problem (the centrally loaded strut) theory can be extended to take account of plastic distortion; and by reference to a mechanical example I indicated what kind of result is to be expected when inaccuracies in the specimen or in the experimental apparatus introduce displacements which increase continuously with the load. Thus (to take the simplest example as an illustration) the well-known theory of Euler indicates that an initially straight and centrally loaded strut will remain straight while the end thrust is increased from zero up to a certain value Pc, but that when this “critical load” is attained the strut may bend into the form of a single bow, since this form can be maintained by end thrust acting alone . There is an “exchange of stabilities”, whereby for end thrusts exceeding the critical value the equilibrium of the straight form becomes unstable and that of the bent form stable. If on the other hand the strut is initially bowed, so that the central deflection has a small but finite value when the end thrust P is zero, this central deflection will increase with P, and experiment may be expected to yield some curve of the type shown by full lines in fig. 1, where l denotes the length and EI the (uniform) “flexural rigidity” of the strut. The smaller the initial deflection, the more closely will the experimental curve approach the limiting form OAB, which is the curve given by Euler’s analysis.
Weighted W1,p estimates for solutions of non‐linear parabolic equations over non‐smooth domains

We are concerned with optimal regularity theory in weighted Sobolev spaces for discontinuous non‐linear parabolic problems in divergence form over a non‐smooth, bounded domain. Assuming smallness in BMO of the principal part of the non‐linear operator and flatness in Reifenberg sense of the boundary, we establish a global weighted W1,p estimate for the weak solutions of such problems by proving that the spatial gradient and the non‐homogeneous term belong to the same weighted Lebesgue space. The result is new in the settings of non‐linear parabolic problems.
Study of the nonlinear optical properties of 7.5 mol% Nb:KTP crystals

Sellmeier's equations and the equations for the thermal principal refractive index coefficients as a function of wavelength fur 7.5 mol% Nb:KTP crystals are presented. Based on these equations, the nonlinear optical parameters for 7.5 mol% Nb:KTP crystals, especially the angular, spectral, and temperature acceptance bandwidths, are calculated. By comparing these results with KTP and KNbO/sub 3/ crystals, 7.5 mol% Nb:KTP crystals show better performance than KNbO/sub 3/ crystals in generating blue coherent light by direct second-harmonic generation of a semiconductor diode laser.
Unified Model Theory of the Glass Transition: (Part 4) Theoretical Proof of the Standard WLF Equation in the Glass Transition

The subsystem first-order phase transition theory has been directly proved by the theoretical proof for the standard WLF equation, based on the intrinsic 8 orders of instant 2-D mosaic geometric structures, in the glass transition. The theoretical proof shows that the constant c1 in the WLF equation, taking logarithm, is the non-dimensional activity energy to break solid-lattice, and c2k the potential well energy. Clapeyron equation governing the first order phase transition in thermodynamics only holds true in subsystem, instead of system. The many-times repeated application of the first order phase transition law on subsystems will result in the glass transition and the singularity. Theoretical proof shows that the mode of glass transition is slow inverse cascade, to break solid domain, and fast cascade, to relax stress, of excited interface energy flow in local zone, and the glass transition is an emergent behavior of the subsystems of system. The subsystem here is a percolation caused by the connections of excited interface energy flow in time and in space in the glass transition.
Mechanism and processing dependence of biaxial texture development in magnesium oxide thin films grown by inclined-substrate deposition

Biaxially textured thin films of MgO were deposited on metal foils as epitaxial template layers for high-T/sub c/ superconducting tapes. The MgO was deposited by electron beam evaporation on substrates inclined to the atomic vapor. The processing dependence of biaxial texture on inclination angle, deposition rate, film thickness, and substrate was investigated by four-circle X ray diffraction and selected-area electron diffraction. Texturing of the MgO was a selective growth process whereby the texture improves with increasing film thickness. This growth process differs from the texturing of MgO in ion-beam-assisted deposition, which is nucleation controlled and requires an amorphous substrate. It was experimentally found that the in-plane texture of the MgO thick films was not dependent on deposition rate from 2.5 to 100 /spl Aring//s, making this technique amenable to cost-effective production. This result has important implications to manufacturing scale-up of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ coated tapes. The mechanism for the creation of biaxial texture in the MgO films was determined to be from the combined effects of the cubic equilibrium crystal habit of MgO and columnar self-shadowing.
Drift boundaries and ULF wave generation near noon at geostationary orbit

Coordinated observations on board GEOS 2 of energetic particles (20 to 400 keV), plasma particles (300 eV to 20 keV), dc electric fields, and ULF waves (0.2 to 10 Hz) at the geostationary orbit reveal several occasions on which sharp increases in particle flux occurred near 1400 LT without any appreciable energy dispersion for ions at 90 /sup 0/Z pitch angle. The intensity increases of ions with pitch angles away from 90/sup 0/ preceded those at 90/sup 0/ and showed clear energy dispersion that is consistent with the idea that these particles are injected in the midnight sector and drift toward noon. The global electric field establishes boundaries that particles of given adiabatic invariants cannot penetrate. A change or reversal of the electric field moves these boundaries so as to permit their observation at GEOS 2. Such boundaries seem to be associated with intense ULF waves observed close to the proton gyrofrequency and its harmonics. The waves may be compressional drift waves destabilized by plasma pressure gradients.
On a nonlinear thermocapillary effect in thin liquid layers

Dilute aqueous solutions of long alcohol chains were recently found to cause a quadratic dependence of surface tension on the temperature without affecting other bulk properties of the liquid: σ = σ0 + αQ(T − T0)2, αQ > 0. The impact of such Marangoni instability on the behaviour of a thin liquid layer is studied in this work. We derive an equation describing a nonlinear spatiotemporal evolution of a thin film. The behaviour of the perturbed film in the absence of gravity, critically depends on whether the temperature T0, yielding a minimal surface tension, is attained on the surface of the film. When this is the case, a qualitatively new behaviour is observed: perturbations of the film interface may evolve into continuous steady patterns that do not rupture. Otherwise, the observed patterns due to the linear and quadratic Marangoni effects are qualitatively similar and result in the rupture of the film into separate drops.
The interaction of quasi-particles in graphene with chemical dopants

We review recent developments on the electronic properties of graphene under the influence of adsorbates. Potassium and hydrogen adsorbed on graphene induce very different effects on the graphene electron gas because of the different types—ionic versus covalent—of chemical bonds formed. Potassium readily donates electrons to graphene, and the resulting Fermi sea shows strong electron–plasmon scattering but weak defect scattering. In contrast, hydrogen adsorption saturates a carbon π bond, leading to the removal of electrons from the graphene. Such hydrogen bonds act as a lattice defect, leading to a sharp reduction in conductivity and an insulating temperature dependence of the resistivity. The marked contrast in the behaviour of these adsorbates derives from the different symmetry classes of their defect geometries.
Impulse Turbine with Self-pitch-controlled Guide Vanes for Wave Power Conversion (Effect of Guide Vane Geometry on the Performance)

An impulse turbine with self-pitch-controlled guide vanes has been developed specially for wave energy conversion by the authors. Based on that work, a large turbine of 1 m diameter has been fabricated and operated on the west coast of India. In a practical turbine system, the guide vanes need substantial supports in order to heighten the strength. Such supports affect the performance of the turbine. In this paper, the etfect of guide vane support geometry on starting and running characteristics of the turbine was investigated experimentally. Two types of cross sections of support were studied, that is, circular type and airfoil type. The effect of support length was also studied.