Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of knowledge and attitude regarding risk factors of cardio vascular disease among general people residing in Nepalgunj, Banke; Nepal

Background: Cardio vascular disease (CVD) is a group of disorders of heart and blood vessels. It is the leading cause of death not only in developed but also in developing countries like Nepal. However, knowledge and attitude about risk factors of CVD have not yet studied in mid-western part of Nepal. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding risk factors of CVD among general people residing in Nepalgunj, Banke; Nepal. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The pre-tested structured and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data during the month of July to August 2019, and analysed using SPSS software version 21. The descriptive analysis was performed using frequencies, percentage, mean SD. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression (MNLR) analysis were used to identify the statistically significant factors associated with knowledge and attitude.Results: Of total 150 subjects, 23.3%, 40.7% and 36.0% of the respondents respectively had good, average and poor knowledge. Likewise, 51.3% had unfavourable, 36.0% neutral and 12.7% favourable attitude towards risk factors of CVD. MNLR analysis revealed that education, gender and profession were significant predictor variables in association with the level of CVD knowledge and attitude: illiterates were 67% less likely (AOR = 0.330, 95% CI: 0.117–0.929, P = 0.036 < 0.05) to have good knowledge about risk factors of CVD compared with literates. Participants having government jobs were 12.673 times more likely (AOR = 12.673, 95% CI: 1.475–108.884, P = 0.021 < 0.05) to have good knowledge compared to those participants involving in agriculture. Males were 69.9% less likely (AOR = 0.301, 95% CI: 0.140–0.648, P = 0.002 < 0.05) to have unfavourable attitude in comparison to female over neutral attitude, and illiterates were 4.158 times more likely(AOR = 4.158, 95% CI: 1.707–10.128, P = 0.002< 0.05) to have unfavourable attitude more than literates. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that, the knowledge about CVD was adequate among general people, however the attitude was unfavourable. Thus, health awareness campaigns such as NTCP, DMP, MMMP needs to be implemented to develop knowledge and improve in attitude about risk factors of CVD.
FIRST SYZYGIES OF TORIC VARIETIES AND DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONS IN CONGRUENCE

We compute the first syzygies of a subclass of lattice ideals by means of some abstract simplicial complexes. This subclass includes the ideals defining toric varieties. A finite check set containing the minimal first syzygy degrees is determined, and a singly-exponential bound for these degrees is explicited. Integer Programming techniques are used, precisely the Hilbert bases for diophantine equations in congruences. *Supported by Plan Propio de investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla (75403699-98-191). Fax: + 34 95 4556938; E-mail: pilar@algebra.us. es † Partially supported by Plan Propio de investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla (75403699-98-191) and Plan Propio de la Universidad de Cádiz. Fax: + 34 956 345104; E-mail: alberto.vigneron@uca.es
Screening of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Sudan

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and HIV infection is the most potent risk factor for the development of active TB disease from a latent TB infection. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of HIV among newly diagnosed TB patients in Kassala state eastern Sudan. This was a descriptive, hospital-based, cross-sectional study of 251 active and newly diagnosed TB patients, selected by simple random sampling. Blood samples and demographic data were collected from each patient. TB was diagnosed by direct ZN smear and molecular detection by Xpert MTB/RIF. The serum samples were tested for HIV using 4th generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence of HIV was 13.9% (35/251), the infection rate among pulmonary TB was 17%, whereas that in extrapulmonary TB was 4.8%, the prevalence was (18.2%) in the males, and (7.2%) in the females. In conclusion: TB/HIV co-infection in the Eastern part of Sudan was high compared with the global prevalence, all TB patients should therefore be assessed for HIV risk factors and advised to undergo HIV testing.
Discovered and Undiscovered Fields of Digital Politics : Mapping Online Political Communication and Online News Media Literature in Hungary

The article reviews the main theoretical and empirical contributions about digitalnews media and online political communication in Hungary. Our knowledge synthesis focuses on three specific subfields: citizens, media platforms, and political actors. Representatives of sociology, political communication studies, psychology, and linguistics have responded to the challenges of the internet over the past two decades, which has resulted in truly interdisciplinary accounts of the different aspects of digitalization in Hungary. In terms of methodology, both normative and descriptive approaches have been applied, mostly with single case-study methods. Based on an extensive review of the literature, we assess that since the early 2000s the internet has become the key subject of political communication studies, and that it has erased the boundaries between online and offline spaces. We conclude, however, that despite the richness of the literature on the internet and politics, only a limited number of studies have researched citizens’ activity and provided longitudinal analyses.
A Regional Seasonal Forecast Model of Arctic Minimum Sea Ice Extent: Reflected Solar Radiation vs. Late Winter Coastal Divergence

Thinning sea ice cover in the Arctic is associated with larger interannual variability in the minimum Sea Ice Extent (SIE). The current generation of forced or fully coupled models, however, have difficulty predicting SIE anomalies from the long-term trend, highlighting the need to better identify the mechanisms involved in the seasonal evolution of sea ice cover. One such mechanism is Coastal Divergence (CD), a proxy for ice thickness anomalies based on late winter ice motion, quantified using Lagrangian ice tracking. CD gains predictive skill through the positive feedback of surface albedo anomalies, mirrored in Reflected Solar Radiation (RSR), during melt season. Exploring the dynamic and thermodynamic contributions to minimum SIE predictability, RSR, initial SIE (iSIE) and CD are compared as predictors using a regional seasonal sea ice forecast model for July 1, June 1 and May 1 forecast dates for all Arctic peripheral seas. The predictive skill of June RSR anomalies mainly originates from open water fraction at the surface, i.e. June iSIE and June RSR have equal predictive skill for most seas. The finding is supported by the surprising positive correlation found between June Melt Pond Fraction (MPF) and June RSR in all peripheral seas: MPF anomalies indicate presence of ice or open water that is key to creating minimum SIE anomalies. This contradicts models that show correlation between melt onset, MPF and the minimum SIE. A hindcast model shows that for a May 1 forecast, CD anomalies have better predictive skill than RSR anomalies for most peripheral seas.
Medical Students Can Help Avoid the Expert Bias in Medicine

Background: Applying the principles of Evidence Based Health Care (EBHC) in an academic environment we became aware of important differences between medical students and the users of clinical research. The latter may be clinicians, educators, guideline developers, or industry managers. These users are adapted to the system and have some kind of conflict of interest: they are either biased by patients’ demands, by main stream thinking, by medical standards and/or by economic interests. All are under time pressure, want to avoid conflicts with their employer and the analysis of scientific reports may not really be their main focus. Medical students were not exposed to these confounders. Methods: Medical students under professional supervision completed critical assessments of more than 100 published studies. Their analyses were limited to identification of mistakes, bias and errors using a check list of potential weaknesses in design and conduct but included the feedback to the academic supervisors. Results: Medical students trained in Evidence Based Medicine are capable of identifying problems in clinical trials by the systematic application of an assessment checklist. Conclusion: In our approach we demonstrate that students can assist health care professionals and academic teachers with the assessment of clinical evidence. The premise of the approach is that the final appraisals, which involve consideration of clinical, practical and value issues, necessarily reside with the academic teachers, writers of guidelines or industry managers who constitute the active users of research.
Addressing the Sophomore Slump: First-Generation College Students’ Completion of Year Two of Study in a Rural Bachelor’s Degree Granting College

There is limited research on the experiences of first-generation students who have completed their second year and enrolled for a third year in order to continue their studies even though this population of students are the most likely to drop out of college in their second year. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how current first-generation college students, who are enrolled or completed the second semester of their sophomore year, experience college as a first-generation student and made the decision to persist toward completing their bachelor’s degree. Through first-hand accounts of participants’ experiences of their time at the university, this study highlights what factors students contributed to their persistence toward graduation. The findings have the potential to facilitate a deeper understanding of what stakeholders working with first-generation college students can do to assist in retention efforts of this population.
Biochar–manure changes soil carbon mineralization in a Gray Luvisol used for agricultural production

Abstract: Biochar is a source of stable organic matter being explored as a manure additive. A 64 d incubation experiment was conducted to quantify the short-term effect of manure (RM), biochar–manure (BM), raw biochar (BC), RM + BC, and BM + BC amendment on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization. Manure increased CO2-C emission rates, with the highest cumulative CO2-C emissions being observed for RM + BC. Treatments with BM halted soil C mineralization, indicating manure-C stabilization. By contrast, neither RM nor BM affected soil N mineralization. Applying BM might benefit soil C sequestration by lowering CO2-C emissions over the long term.
Multicultural Competencies of Social Studies Teachers: A Qualitative Study

Purpose: Turkey is a country hosting many people of diverse religious beliefs (e.g., Islam, Christianity, and Judaism) and a great variety of ethnic origins (e.g., Turks, Greeks, Armenians, Slavs, Arabs, Romanians and Kurds). It is also subject to continuous migratory flows from neighboring countries and beyond. Due to these factors, it has become increasingly evident that a more multicultural educational approach is warranted. In this study, researchers analyzed the level of competency in teachers required for the implementation of such approaches within the framework of individual/personal, classroom, and institution/school levels in order to identify the capabilities of social studies teachers’ multicultural competencies. Method: In this study, researchers used a basic qualitative research design. Using a semi-structured interview technique, one-on-one interviews were conducted with 16 teachers from 8 schools with different socio-economic backgrounds and foreign student numbers. The data was analyzed with a thematic analysis approach. Findings: What was found in the course of the work? This will refer to analysis, discussion, or results. The findings of the study showed that teachers’ multicultural competencies were weak in individual/personal, institutional/school levels and in the integration of cultural characteristics into teaching at the classroom level. However, participating teachers indicated stronger multicultural competencies in other subcategories of the classroom level.
Understanding Black, Asian, Latinx, and White College Students’ Views of Nature: Frequent Thoughts About Wild, Remote, Rural, and Urban Landscapes

Nature and landscapes are essential elements of American culture. Consequently, many scholars have examined the public’s perceptions of nature and landscapes. Some posit that Blacks are averse to wildlands and prefer urban settings. Despite the plethora of research, few studies investigate what comes to people’s minds when contemplating nature. This study of 287 American college students examines what students think about when they reflect on nature. Furthermore, the study investigates whether there are significant racial/ethnic differences in the way students think about nature. The study also investigates how gender, social class, age, educational attainment, and academic interests are related to what students think about when they reflect on nature. Data presented here were collected in 2017 from a national sample of students who attend colleges and universities all over the country. The study used a purposive sampling technique to identify students in various majors. The sample contains undergraduates and graduate students. It comprises 102 Whites, 63 Asians, 62 Blacks, and 60 Latinx/other students. The study found that respondents from all racial backgrounds reported thinking about urban landscapes when they contemplated nature. Though the racial differences were significant, the results show that ethnic minority students do not fixate on urban landscapes; less than half of the students of color said they thought about urban landscapes regularly when they thought about nature. Instead, more than 90% of the respondents regularly thought about the wild, wilderness, and untamed lands when they cogitated nature. Respondents were also much more likely to say that they thought about connectedness to nature rather than disconnection from it. The article found that the students’ educational attainment and parental/guardian education were significant in more multivariate models than other explanatory variables. The article urges researchers to investigate a broader range of explanatory variables in future studies.
Long-Run Dynamics of Gas Emissions, Economic Growth, and Low-Carbon Energy in the European Union: The Fostering Effect of FDI and Trade

The European Union’s environmental goal by 2050 is to become the first climate-neutral continent in the world. This means specific efforts for diversifying the energy mix and investing in low-carbon energy. Our study investigates the nexus among carbon emissions, energy consumption and mix, and economic growth in a modified framework that includes the contribution of inward foreign direct investments and international trade to lowering air pollution. We have used a two-step approach to explore in more detail the links between these variables in 24 EU countries over the period 1995–2018, followed by a panel VECM analysis. Our results indicate that there is a unidirectional link between economic growth and CO2 emissions, which should imply a decoupling of environmental improvement measures from the pace of economic growth. We also find bidirectional causal relationships between low-carbon energy shares in consumption and CO2 emissions, as well as between low-carbon energy share in consumption and GDP per capita, which confirms both pollution haven and the halo effect hypotheses for FDI on gas emissions. However, in the long term, FDI, exports, and imports have positively impacted the reduction in CO2 emissions; therefore, stronger EU investment and trade integration should be promoted to improve the quality of the environment.
Visual perspective in imagination and memory of factual and fictional stories

ABSTRACT Several factors have been found to influence whether events in memory are experienced from a first- or third-person visual perspective. However, the factual/fictional dimension has been little addressed. In the present study, we investigated visual perspective and related memory characteristics of factual and fictional stories as imagined and remembered. Taking the visual perspective of a protagonist in a story was considered a first-person perspective, while other vantage points were considered a third-person perspective. Participants (N = 153) read four short stories in English labelled fact or fiction. Results show that fact and fiction are similar concerning first/third-person visual perspective and memory characteristics. Differences in third-person vantage points between fact and fiction indicate that readers of fact are more visually aligned with the protagonist in the story. Trends were found regarding how fictionality interacts with narrative perspective and emotional valence of the stories to produce differences in clarity and fantasy empathy.
Critical Pedagogy and Language Education: Hearing the Voices of Brazilian Teachers of English

Based on an ethnographic research study involving Brazilian teachers from different educational contexts in the city of Salvador, Brazil, this paper aims to approach and discuss the dialogic relationship between critical pedagogy and language education, within the context of English as a global lingua franca. The main goal of the original work was to investigate how EFL teachers see themselves as language professionals in the contemporary world, how aware they are of the implications related to the condition of English as an international language or a global lingua franca, and to what extent they conceive teaching the language under a critical intercultural pedagogy. Data were generated through a questionnaire, class observation sessions, and video recordings of semi-structured group interviews in which issues like the globality of English, culture teaching, interculturality, and critical (language) pedagogy were approached and debated. Results have shown that participants are aware of the implications of the global status of English and that teaching the language in these current times cannot happen in a neutral and/or uncritical way. It was also revealed that teachers find difficult to systematize the teaching of culture in their EFL classes, as much as it is challenging for them to see themselves as critical intercultural professionals who can engage in critical pedagogy in their specific educational settings.
Psychometric Properties of Iranian Version of Emotional Processing Scale

BACKGROUND: Emotional processing scale (EPS) is a fundamental test for measurement of the abnormal processing of emotion and psychosomatic disorders in psychotherapy sessions. Despite its importance, EPS has not been yet translated and validated in the Iranian population. AIM: To fill this gap, this study aims to adapt and examined the psychometric properties of five EPS in the Iranian population. Using cluster sampling, we selected 1283 university students. METHODS: The structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis used to analyze the assessment of validity. RESULTS: The result showed the Cronbach’s alpha, split half, and test re-test reliability in acceptable ranges; 0.91, 0.90, and 0.91, respectively, for total scores scale. Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual, goodness of fit, and comparative fit index were at an acceptable range, 0.07, 0.05, 0.90, 0.90, 0.89, and 0.85, respectively. The total scores of EPS also showed a positive correlation (0.63, p < 0.001) with GHQ 28. CONCLUSION: The result suggested that five factors model of EPS which includes: The suppression, sign of unprocessed emotion, unregulated emotion, avoidance, and impoverished emotional experience model fit the data well be most appropriated for Iranian population.
Students’ learning outcomes from engineering internship: a provisional framework

ABSTRACT There is widespread consensus that internships provide great opportunities for engineering students to develop diverse knowledge and competencies. Yet, compared to learning in the classroom, learning in the workplace is less predictable. This study aims to address the research question ‘What are engineering students’ perceived learning outcomes from their internship experience? ’ by using a qualitative approach to pinpoint commonalities and differences in students’ perceived learning outcomes. Content analysis and constant comparative analysis were used to analyse interview data collected from ten engineering students in Hong Kong. Four categories of learning outcomes were revealed: knowledge, academic-related generic competencies, non-technical generic competencies and technical competencies. Our findings are contrary to the literature indicating that most engineering interns perceived the development of technical competencies (e.g. information technology (I.T.) skills) and non-technical generic competencies (e.g. teamwork skills and positive attitudes). Diversity in engineering students’ perceived learning outcomes of internship was subsequently illustrated by a provisional framework. The findings help pave the way for constructive alignment in internship course design such that identification of students’ perceived learning outcomes will facilitate the setting of realistic and clear intended learning outcomes.
Investigating Factors of International Tourists’ Intention to Use Mobile Tourist Guide for Thai National Parks Travelling

Users’ intention to use technology is the lifeblood of technological implementation in businesses’ marketing. In the differential technologies and different user groups, the factors of intention to use technology are different. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors of international tourists’ intention in the context of mobile tourist guide. The proposed factors in this study are classified in two groups. There are innovation characteristics and mobile application qualities. The innovation characteristics of mobile tourist guide consist of relative advantage, compatibility, simplicity, trialability, and mobility. The mobile application qualities consist of mobile content quality, mobile interaction quality, and mobile appearance quality. The results show the factors of international tourists’ intention to use mobile tourist guide are compatibility, simplicity, mobility, mobile content quality, and mobile appearance quality. Furthermore, the results reveal the demographic profiles of international tourists (gender, age, and income) do not influence in tourists’ intention model in the context of mobile tourist guide. The empirical results of this paper extend the mobile IS research in the context of mobile tourist guide, and provide a valuable guideline for developing mobile application.