Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASPOROGENOUS YEASTS AND THEIR SUPPOSED ASCOSPOROGENOUS STATES: AN ELECTROPHORETIC COMPARISON OF ENZYMES

The relationship of nine Candida species, five Torulopsis species, and five species and two varieties of Kloeckera to the ascosporogenous yeast species considered to be their teleomorphs was studied by electrophoretic comparison of enzymes. Close relationships were seen between fourteen teleomorphs and their anamorphic counterparts, Candida guilliermondii and Pichia guilliermondii, Candida krusei and Issatchenkia orientalis (Pichia kudriavzevii), Candida lambica and Pichia fermentans, Candida melinii and Hansenula wingei, Candida utilis and Hansenula jadinii, Candida macedoniensis and Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida pseudotropicalis and Kluyveromyces fragilis, Candida parapsilosis (group 2) and Lodderomyces elongisporus, Torulopsis holmii and Saccharomyces exiguus, Torulopsis colliculosa and Torulaspora delbrueckii (Saccharomyces fermentati), Torulopsis stellata and Torulaspora delbrueckii (Saccharomyces rosei), Kloeckera africana and Hanseniaspora vinea, Kloeckera apiculata and Hanseniaspora uvarum, and Kloeckera japonica and Hanseniaspora valbyensis. There was no apparent relation between the four pairs: Candida valida and Pichia membranaefaciens, Candida parapsilosis (group 1) and Lodderomyces elongisporus, Torulopsis molischiana and Hansenula capculata, and Torulopsis candida and Debaryomyces hansenii and Debaryomyces marama. From these results, this zymographic technique is considered to be a useful tool for the study of relalationships between the different states of a yeast species.
Impact of using the developed starter culture on the quality of sourdough, dough and wheat bread

There is no technological necessity of sourdough usage when preparing wheat bread as it can be prepared without sourdough but only with yeast using. However, sourdough helps to solve such problems as fast microbial spoilage, unexpressed taste and smell, crumbling crumb. The use of sourdough prepared with directional cultivation of microorganisms allows to produce high-quality competitive bread. Developing a starter culture with an optimized microbial composition was the purpose of this study, allowing the quality and the microbiological stability of wheat bread improving. A new starter microbial composition for the sourdough was developed. Lactic acid bacteria strains L. plantarum Е90, L. brevis Е120 and yeast S. cerevisiae Y139 were selected for the new composition. It was proven that the rice products using to microorganism immobilization allows saving the largest number of living cells after drying and during storage. The rate of acid accumulation in sourdough was established. The sourdough dynamic viscosity decrease at the end of fermentation by 2.2 times was established, which means that the fermentation process leads to the sourdough liquefactio. The optimal dosage was established (5–10% flour in sourdough). This dosage provided good physico-chemical and organoleptic quality indicators of bread. It was proved that the sourdough usage allows getting good-quality bread even when the flour with unsatisfactory amylolytic activity (high drop number) is used. Slowing down the microbial spoilage in sourdough bread was proven. In general, the developed sourdough wheat bread biotechnology improves bread quality and its resistance to the ropy-bread disease.
Clonal analysis of Yersinia ruckeri based on biotypes, serotypes and outer membrane protein‐types

The biotypes, serotypes and outer membrane protein-types (OMP-types) of 135 isolates of Yersinia ruckeri were analysed in an attempt to identify clonoal groups and to examine to further detail the relationships between islotes from wide geographic areas. Each isolate could be assigned to one of two biotypes (1 and 2). one of five 0-serotypes (01, 02, 05, 06 and 07), and one of five OMP-types (1–5). Outer membrane protein analysis was able to differentiate between isolates within a given serotype. Thus, serotype 01 isolates types 1 and 2. and serotype 07 isolates consisted of OMP-types 1 and 5. Whereas OMPwith serotype 07, OMP-types 1 and 2 were associated with serotypes 01, 02, 05, 06 and 07, for the majority of the disease outbreaks in Europe and represented 79% of the European isolates. A combination of biotype, serotype and OMP-type analysis was demonstrated to be useful in epidemiological studies of Y. ruckeri.
Fear of Detection and Efficacy of Prevention: Using Construal Level to Encourage Health Behaviors

This research examines the psychological processes and factors that shape illness-detection versus illness-prevention health actions. Four experiments using contexts of mental health, skin cancer, and breast cancer show that illness detection evokes fear, which undermines engagement in detection behaviors. Considering detection at low (vs. high) levels of thought reduced fear and increased health persuasion. Illness prevention is driven by self-efficacy perceptions and considering prevention at high (vs. low) levels of thought increases persuasion. In further evidence of process, trait fear moderated the detection effects, and dispositional self-efficacy moderated the prevention effects. As an intervention, framing a detection action as serving illness-prevention goals increased people’s likelihood of engaging with an online breast cancer detection tool. These findings illuminate the psychology of detection as being distinct from the psychology of prevention, identify the role of fear in the consideration of health behaviors, and show contexts in which construal levels have divergent effects on health persuasion.
Produção de alface em função de cultivares e tipos de tela de sombreamento nas condições de Mossoró

Two experiments were carried out in the Escola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoro, in Brazil. The first experiment, from October to November 1999, evaluated the performance of three lettuce cultivars grown at the nursery stage under shading and three types of polyethylene net, and the second experiment, from December 1999 to January 2000, compared the lettuce yield under shading and no shading. The experimental design in both experiments was a randomized complete block. Treatments in the first experiment were factorial combinations of three types of polyethylene net (2 x 2 mm white and green nets and half-shade black net) and three lettuce cultivars (Great Lakes, Veronica and Regina) replicated four times. Treatments in the second experiment were these three types of polyethylene net plus one where lettuce cultivar Veronica was grown under no shading (control) replicated three times. The lettuce spacing in both experiments was 0.20 x 0.20 m. The performance of lettuce was evaluated through plant height and diameter, leaf number per plant, shoot dry matter content, yield, relative growth rate, gross and net incomes and rate of return. Shading and cultivar interaction affected plant height. Plant diameter and leaf number per plant were affected only by cultivars. Shoot dry matter content and yield were affected by shading as well as cultivars. White polyethylene net shading associated with lettuce cultivar Great Lakes provided the highest economic indices when compared to no shading.
Aerial Color Infrared Photography to Optimize In‐Season Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendations in Winter Wheat

Remote sensing in the form of aerial color infrared (CIR) photography has been shown to be a useful tool for in-season N management in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a methodology for predicting in-season optimum fertilizer N rates for winter wheat at growth stage (GS) 30 directly from aerial CIR photography and (ii) to quantify how the relationships between these optimum N rates and spectral indices respond to different levels of biomass of the wheat crop. Field studies were conducted for three winter wheat growing seasons (2002-2004) over a wide range of soil conditions across North Carolina using a split-split plot randomized complete block design. Different planting date-seeding rate (PDSR) combinations were applied to create a range of biomass levels at GS 30. Different levels of N were applied at GS 25 (N 25 ) to create a range of N supply and winter wheat radiance, and at GS 30 (N 30 ) to measure grain yield response to N 30 . Aerial CIR photographs were obtained at each site at GS 30 before N applications. Significant biomass response to PDSR and yield response to N 25 and N 30 were observed. Optimum N 30 ranged from 0 to 124 kg ha -1 1 with a mean of 55 kg ha -1 . Better prediction of optimum N 30 rates were obtained with spectral indices calculated relative to high-N reference strips compared to absolute bands or spectral indices. Biomass measured at GS 30 influenced the strength of the relationship between optimum N 30 and spectral indices. When the GS-30 biomass was >1000 kg ha -1 , the best predictor of optimum N 30 (R 2 = 0.85) was a quadratic model based on measured winter wheat radiance relative to mean radiance in the G band for the high N reference strip (Rel Gs).
Phosphorylation of the δ-Opioid Receptor Regulates Its β-Arrestins Selectivity and Subsequent Receptor Internalization and Adenylyl Cyclase Desensitization*

In the current study, we investigated the role of receptor phosphorylation and β-arrestins in δ-opioid receptor (DOR) signaling and trafficking by using a DOR mutant in which all Ser/Thr residues in the C terminus were mutated to Ala (DTS). We demonstrated that the DOR agonist d-[Pen2,Pen5]enkephalin could induce receptor internalization and adenylyl cyclase (AC) desensitization of DTS, but with comparatively slower kinetics than those observed with wild type DOR. Blockade of the internalization of DTS by the dominant-negative mutant dynamin, dynamin K44E, did not affect AC desensitization. However, depletion of β-arrestins almost totally blocked both internalization and AC desensitization of DTS. A BRET assay suggested that DOR phosphorylation promotes receptor selectivity for β-arrestin 2 over β-arrestin 1. Furthermore, in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells lacking either β-arrestin 1 (βarr1–/–) or β-arrestin 2 (βarr2–/–), agonist-induced DTS desensitization and internalization were similar to that observed in wild type MEFs. In contrast, although DOR internalization decreased in both βarr1–/– MEFs and βarr2–/– MEFs, DPDPE-induced DOR desensitization was significantly reduced in βarr2–/– MEFs, but not in βarr1–/– MEFs. Additionally, the BRET assay suggested that depletion of phosphorylation did not influence the stability of the receptor-β-arrestin complex. Consistent with this observation, DTS did not recycle after internalization, which is like wild type DOR. Taken together, these results indicate that receptor phosphorylation confers DOR selectivity for β-arrestin 2 without affecting the stability of the receptor-β-arrestin complex and the fate of the internalized receptor.
Improved in vitro clonal propagation of Rauwolfia serpentina L. Benth – An endangered medicinal plant

In this protocol, 96% of bud proliferation was observed after 14 days of inoculation. Highest rate of shoot multiplication (13.3 shoots per explant) with an average shoot length of 8.2 cm was observed in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium+2 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine+0.25 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid+3% sucrose. Half MS (1/2 MS)+0.5 mg/l indol-3-butyric acid proved best with 73.3% rooting. The rooted shoots showed 90% survival. Genetic uniformity of the micropropagated plants with their donor plants was confirmed through random amplified polymorphic DNA molecular technique.
Translocation of intracellular glutathione to membrane-bound γ-glutamyl transpeptidase as a discrete step in the γ-glutamyl cycle: Glutathionuria after inhibition of transpeptidase

Several inhibitors of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in vitro [L-serine plus borate, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, and L- and D-γ-glutamyl-(o-carboxy)phenylhydrazide] are active in vivo, as indicated by their effect in decreasing the conversion of administered D-γ-glutamyl-L-α-amino[14C]butyrate to respiratory 14CO2 in mice. The hydrazides (both L and D isomers) are the most potent inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in vivo by the hydrazides is accompanied by extensive glutahionuria. The evidence suggests that a substantial fraction of the urinary glutathione arises from the kidney. The findings support the view that renal intracellular glutathione is normally translocated to the membrane-bound γ-glutamyl transpeptidase as a separate step in the γ-glutamyl cycle. Studies on in vivo inhibition of glutathione synthesis and of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase provide direct evidence that glutathione is normally translocated from tissues to the blood plasma and that the turnover of plasma glutathione is relatively high. The data suggest that the low but significant steady-state level of glutathione in the plasma reflects synthesis of glutathione (predominantly in the liver) and its utilization by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (predominantly in the kidney). Thus, glutathione synthesized in cells that have transpeptidase may be translocated to and used by the membrane-bound enzyme, whereas glutathione synthesized in cells that lack the transpeptidase may be transported via the plasma to transpeptidase located on the membranes of other cells.
University of Birmingham Post-traumatic stress disorder in UK civilians with traumatic brain injury

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a large civilian population with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to assess whether brain injury severity is correlated with PTSD symptoms. Design Observational, cross-sectional study. setting and participants Outpatient clinic in a major UK trauma centre and secondary care hospital. Estimates of PTSD prevalence are based on 171 sampled individuals attending TBI clinic within an 18-month period. Analysis of the relationship between TBI severity and PTSD was performed on the subset of 127 patients for whom injury severity data were also available. Methods Civilian TBI clinic attendees completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing PTSD (PTSD Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C)) and other psychiatric symptoms. From this, the prevalence of PTSD was estimated in our cohort. Postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Score and Marshall grade on CT brain scan were recorded as indicators of brain injury severity. A hierarchical regression explored whether TBI severity may predict PTSD scores. results A high prevalence of PTSD was estimated (21% with PCL-C score >50). Higher Marshall grading displayed a slight negative correlation with PTSD symptoms. This statistically significant relationship persisted after confounding factors such as depression and postconcussion symptoms were controlled for. Conclusions PTSD and TBI frequently coexist, share antecedents and overlap in their resultant symptoms. This complexity has given rise to conflicting hypotheses about relationships between the two. This research reveals that PTSD is common in civilians with TBI (adding to evidence drawn from military populations). The analysis indicated that more severe brain injury may exert a slight protective influence against the development of PTSD—potentially by disrupting implicit access to traumatic memories, or via overlapping neuropsychiatric symptoms that impede diagnosis. The association suggests that further research is warranted to explore the reuse of routine clinical and neuroimaging data—investigating its potential to predict risk of psychiatric morbidity.
University of Birmingham Swimming-related effects on cerebrovascular and cognitive function

Both acute and regular exercise inﬂuence vascular and cognitive function. Upright aquatic exercise increases mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv mean ) and has been suggested as favorable for cerebrovascular adapta-tions. However, MCAv mean has not been reported during swimming. Thus, we examined the cerebrovascular and cognitive effects of swimming. Ten land-based athletes (22 (cid:1) 5 years) and eight swimmers (19 (cid:1) 1 years) completed three cognitive tasks and four conditions that were used to independently and collectively delineate the swimming-related factors (i.e., posture, immersion, CO 2 retention [end-tidal CO 2 ; PETCO 2 ], and motor involvement). Measurements of MCAv mean and PETCO 2 were taken throughout each condition. Prone posture increased MCAv mean by 11% ( P < 0.01 vs. upright land). Water immersion independently increased MCAv mean when upright (12%; P < 0.01) but not prone ( P = 0.76). The consequent rise in PETCO 2 during head-out, breast-stroke swimming (50% heart rate range) independently increased MCAv mean by P
Detection and quantification of airborne inoculum of Pyrenopeziza brassicae in Polish and UK winter oilseed rape crops by real-time PCR assays

Abstract Following a sudden outbreak of light leaf spot disease in Polish winter oilseed rape crops at the beginning of the last decade, volumetric spore traps installed around the country were used for the detection of ascospores, which constitute the primary inoculum of Pyrenopeziza brassicae, the causal organism. In 2004–2008, weather conditions that were adverse to the development of the pathogen appeared to have hindered the macroscopic signs of light leaf spot disease symptoms on oilseed rape, even in Pomerania, a region in north Poland, which cultivates the crop intensively and is favourable for the disease. Recently, however, the development of β-tubulin-based primers and dual labelled fluorescent probes has enabled the detection of minute quantities of P. brassicae DNA that correlated highly and positively with low abundance of inoculum of the pathogen in air samples. Depending on the season, the Spearman's correlation rank between spore abundance obtained by light microscopy and P. brassicae DNA yield determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on extracts from spore sampler tapes varied from 0.256 to 0.562. These primers and probe also detected P. brassicae in DNA extracted from tapes of spore traps operated in the autumn of 2006 and 2007 within field sown winter oilseed rape crops in Harpenden, southern UK.
Persistence of GR7 and Striga germination stimulant(s) from Euphorbia aegyptiaca Boiss. in soils and in solutions

Summary The activity of GR7 and Striga germination stimulant(s) from Euphorbia aegyptiaca Boiss. showed adequate persistence (6–8 days) in acidic soils (pH 5·0–6·3), but residual activity was short (1–3 days) in alkaline soils. The compounds tended to lose activity at a faster rate in the alkaline clay Gezira soil (pH 7·8), than in its sandy equivalent (pH 8·1). In solution, pH had no influence on initial activity, but residual action was reduced more rapidly by alkalinity and high temperature. However, the rate of loss of activity in solution was slower than in soils. Resume Persistance du GR7 et du ou des stimulant(s) de la germination du Striga issus d'Euphorbia aegyptiaca dans les sols et en solutions GR7 et le(s) stimulant(s) de la germination du Striga issus d'Euphorbia aegyptiaca ont eu une persistance d'action adequate (6–8 jours) en sols acides (pH 5,0 a 6,3), mais une activite residuaire faible (1 a 3 jours) dans les sols alcalins. Les composes ont eu tendance a perdre plus rapidement leur activite dans un sol alcalin argileux (pH 7,8) que dans son equivalent sableux (pH 8,1). En solution, le pH n'a pas d'influence sur l'activite de depart, mais l'action residuaire est affectee par l'alcalinite et les hautes temperatures entrainant des pertes rapides d'efficacite. Cependant, le niveau de perte d'activite est plus faible dans les solutions que dans le sols. Zusammenfassung Ueber die Persistenz von GR7 und aus Euphorbia aegyptica gewonnenen Keimungsstimulantien fur Striga in Boden und Losungen GR7 und ein oder mehrere aus Euphorbia aegyptica Boiss. gewonnene Stimulantien fur die Keimung von Striga wiesen in sauren Boden (pH 5,0–6,3) eine ahnliche Wirkungsdauer auf (6–8 Tage); in alkalischen Boden war die Persistenz jedoch kurz (1–3 Tage). Die Verbindungen hatten die Tendenz in alkalischen, tonigen Gezira-Boden (pH 7,8) ihre Aktivitat raseher zu verlieren als im sandigen Gezira-Boden (pH 8,1). In Losung bewirkte der pH-Wert keine Veranderung der Anfangswirkung. Die Wirkungsdauer jedoeh wurde durch Alkalinitat und erhohte Temperaturen beeinfiusst; die Folge davon waren rasche Wirkungsverluste. Letztere waren in Losung geringer als in Boden.
Is Self-Compassion Universal? Support for the Measurement Invariance of the Self-Compassion Scale Across Populations

The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a widely used measure to assess the trait of self-compassion, and, so far, it has been implicitly assumed that it functions the same way across different groups. This assumption needs to be explicitly tested to ascertain that no measurement biases exist. To address this issue, the present study sought to systematically examine the generalizability of the bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling operationalization of the SCS via tests of measurement invariance across a wide range of populations, varying according to features such as student or community status, gender, age, and language. Secondary data were used for this purpose and included a total of 18 samples and 12 different languages (N = 10,997). Multigroup analyses revealed evidence for the configural, weak, strong, strict, and latent variance–covariance of the bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling operationalization of the SCS across different groups. These findings suggest that the SCS provides an assessment of self-compassion that is psychometrically equivalent across groups. However, findings comparing latent mean invariance found that levels of self-compassion differed across groups.
Patterns of intestinal parasitism in the mountain gorilla Gorilla gorilla in the Bwindi‐Impenetrable Forest, Uganda

The intestinal parasite fauna of the mountain gorillas of Bwindi—Impenetrable Forest, Uganda was studied by means of faecal examination and a single post-mortem. The fauna was remarkably uniform between social groups and individuals, showing only slight differences between age groups; there is no evidence of any interaction between the parasites observed. The only protozoa were entodiniomorph ciliates; amoebae and flagellates were absent. Helminths included a single host-specific cestode species and at least five nematodes, three of which are hostspecific. The closest relatives of the host-specific parasites are found in ungulates and paenungulates, not in hosts phylogenetically related to the gorilla. This unique and specialized parasite fauna deserves to be monitored so that any effects of the habituation of the gorillas for tourism can be assessed.