Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no girassol irrigado nas condições de Cassilândia-MS

O nitrogenio e o nutriente mais requerido pelas plantas por assumir funcoes importantes no metabolismo vegetal. Na cultura do girassol, sua deficiencia causa desordem nutricional, sendo o nutriente que mais limita a producao. Alem disso, doses elevadas podem aumentar a incidencia de pragas e doencas afetando a producao de graos. Conduziu-se o experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta da cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) irrigado, submetido a diferentes doses de nitrogenio aplicado parceladamente, em cobertura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro doses de nitrogenio (0, 20, 40 e 80 kg ha-1), na forma de ureia. A adubacao nitrogenada em cobertura proporcionou um aumento em todas as caracteristicas estudadas, sendo que a dose de N de maxima eficiencia tecnica para se ter uma boa produtividade e de 55 kg ha-1 de N para o cultivo do girassol, na regiao de Cassilândia-MS.
Analyzing Relationships Between Aircraft Accidents and Incidents

Air transportation systems are designed to ensure that aircraft accidents are rare events. To minimize these accidents, factors causing or contributing to accidents must be understood and prevented. Previous research has studied accident data to determine these factors. The low rate of accidents however, makes it difficult to discover repeating patterns of these factors. In this research we employed a data mining technique to conduct a holistic analysis of aircraft incident data in relation to the accident data. The analysis identifies relationships between the accident and incident data and finds patterns of causal and contributory factors which are significantly associated with aircraft accidents. Keywordsaviation safety; aircraft accidents; aircraft incidents; data mining; contrast-set mining
Optimal Metropolis Scaling: Previous Proofs and Possible Generalizations

In the world of multidimensional random walk Metropolis algorithms, the seminal paper of Roberts, Gelman and Gilks (1997) [Roberts et al.(1997)Roberts, Gelman, Gilks, et al.] proposed a scaling of the proposal distribution that maximizes the algorithm’s efficiency, in the case of an iid target distribution. Subsequent generalizations have been made (cf. Rosenthal, Bédard, Roberts, Stuart, etc.), where some hypothesis on the target distribution has been somewhat relaxed, though keeping some simplifying property (product form, symmetry, etc.). The next step would seek a stronger generalization, for example to target distributions satisfying certain properties and where no product form is assumed. Discussion follows.
The first Pliocene albireonid (Cetacea, Delphinoidea) periotic from the western North Pacific and paleobiogeographic significance of fossil delphinoid ear bones of Na-arai Formation of Choshi, Chiba, central Japan

A right periotic of Albireonidae (Cetacea, Delphinoidea), from the Pliocene Na-arai Formation of Chiba, central Japan, is described. The albireonid specimen is the second reported from the western North Pacific and the first recorded from the Pliocene. Thus, this discovery largely extends our knowledge of paleobiogeography of Albireonidae. The Na-arai specimen shares following features with the type species of Albireo: having the large aperture for the cochlear aqueduct; the trapezoidal cochlear portion and the large angle between the caudal tympanic process and the lateral edge of the cochlear portion in ventral view; the mediolaterally narrow posterior bullar facet; shallow grooves on the posterior bullar facet. However, the present specimen probably belongs to different species from the type species because of differences of morphology in the internal acoustic meatus and anterior process. The fossil ear bone assemblage of Delphinoidea from the Na-arai Formation provides important data for comparing Pliocene delphinoid faunas of the western North Pacific with those from other areas of the Pacific. The paleoclimate of the Naarai Formation was probably more similar to those of delphinoid localities in the eastern regions of the North and South Pacific than to those of other fossil localities in the western North Pacific. Abstract The first Pliocene albireonid (Cetacea, Delphinoidea) periotic from the western North Pacific and paleobiogeographic significance of fossil delphinoid ear bones of Na-arai Formation of Choshi, Chiba, central Japan Mizuki Murakami and Yoshiki Koda
Adaptability and Stability Analysis for Selection of Elephantgrass Clones under Grazing

Adaptability is the capacity of a genotype to respond favorably to changes in the environment, while stability is the capacity to have highly predictable performance in different environmental conditions. In this study, the stability and adaptability of eight Pennisetum spp. clones were assessed. Genotypes analyzed in this research included five dwarf elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) cultivars (Taiwan 2.27, Taiwan 2.37, Taiwan 2.114, Merker Mexico 6.31, and Mott), two tall elephantgrass cultivars (IRI 381 and Elephant B), and one interspecific hybrid (HV 241) of elephantgrass and pearl millet [P. purpureum × P. glaucum (L.) R. Brown]. Adaptability and stability parameters were estimated for the following variables: herbage mass (HM), herbage accumulation rate (HAR), number of green leaves per tiller (NL/T), number of tillers (NT), and leaf/stem ratio. Interaction between clones and grazing periods occurred (P £ 0.05) for all variables. Herbage mass ranged from 2180 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1 (Taiwan 2.37) to 3383 kg DM ha-1 (Mott), averaging 2796 kg DM ha-1. Except for HV 241, which displayed specific adaptability to a favorable environment in HM and NT, the clones displayed wide adaptability. Dwarf genotypes (Taiwan 2.27, Taiwan 2.114, and Mott) displayed greater (P £ 0.05) capacity of leaf production per tiller than the other entries. Mott and Taiwan 2.114 were selected for the next phase of the breeding program on the basis of stability, HAR, and NL/T. B.L. Viana, A.C. L. de Mello, A. Guim, J.C. B. Dubeux, Jr., M.V. F. dos Santos, and M.V. da Cunha, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmaos, Recife-PE, 52171-900, Brazil; and M. de A. Lira, Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco, Av. Gen. San Martin, 1371-Bongi, Recife-PE, 50761-000, Brazil. Received 31 May 2014. *Corresponding author (brunoviana. ufrpe@yahoo.com.br). Abbreviations: DM, dry matter; HAR, herbage accumulation rate; HM, herbage mass; Ij, environmental index; L/S, leaf/stem ratio; NL/T, number of green leaves per tiller; NT, number of tillers; r2, coefficients of determination; b1, linear regression coefficient; s2di, stability. Published in Crop Sci. 55:1–8 (2015). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2014.05. 0406 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Published February 6, 2015
Evaluation of the Agronomic Performance of Onion Varieties in the Rainy and Dry Season in Northern Ivory Coast

Onion is a vegetable of great consumption in Côte d'Ivoire. However, it is only grown in the dry season and national production cannot meet the needs of the population. The objective of this study was to identify onion varieties adapted for production during the rainy season in northern Côte d'Ivoire. To better assess the performance of the varieties, trials were conducted in both the dry and rainy seasons. Six varieties were evaluated, including : Galmi Violet, Damani Violet, Safari, Karibou, Ares and Syng 8362. Measurements included plant survival rate after transplanting, growth parameters, flowering rate, production parameters and bulb quality parameters. In the dry season survival rates ranged from 95.64% to 97.56%. The yield of Galmi Violet was the highest (27.09 t/ha) and the lowest was noted at Safari (16.21 t/ha). In the rainy season, survival rates varied between 37.12% and 88.58% and yields varied between 3.19 t/ha and 23.15 t/ha. With the exception of Ares, all other varieties lost half their density. Ares was the most efficient with a total yield of 23.15 t/ha.
Prognostic importance of pathologic fracture and surgical implications in osteosarcoma: a retrospective clinical study

Background & Aims: Osteosarcoma is one of the most prevalent malignant bone tumors . This study is designed to assess the prognostic effect of pathologic fracture and treatment options on survival of patients with osteosarcoma. Materials & Methods: In this study, prognosis of 106 patients with limb osteosarcoma, which were treated at three hospitals in Tehran from April to August 2012 was evaluated. Patients were divided in two groups according to the presence of pathologic fracture at the time of diagnosis. Survival, local recurrence and distant metastasis were compared between groups. For patients with pathologic fracture, survival rate was compared according to surgical options (amputation or limb salvage). Chi-square and Independent sample T-test were used to compare means of the groups. Recurrence free and metastasis free survivals and final survival of the patients were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. To determine the predictive factors of survival, Cox-Regression analysis and estimating hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval were used. Results: Among 106 patients, 57 cases had not and 49 others had a pathologic fracture at the time of diagnosis. There were no statistically difference between two groups in Survival (P-value=0.36), local recurrence (P-value=0.91) and distant metastasis (Pvalue=0.73). There was no statistically difference in survival according to surgical options in patients with pathologic fracture (Pvalue=0.85). Conclusion: pathologic fracture in limb osteosarcoma is not a poor prognostic factor. In patients with pathologic fracture limb salvage procedures can be performed without adverse effect on survival rate.
Critical Ignition in Rapidly Expanding Flows Described by a Power Law

Quenching of chemical reactions in the presence of strong gasdynamic expansions has been identified as an important mechanism controlling ignition behind decaying shocks, as applied to the detonation wave reaction zone structure [1-3], detonation wave initiation by Taylor-Sedov blast waves [4], detonation diffraction at an abrupt area change [5, 6] and shock induced diffusion-ignition of transient under-expanded jets [7]. To appreciate the generic mechanism controlling this process, consider the exothermicity following a mass element of reacting inviscid fluid that has just been compressed by a shock wave, or suddenly heated by other means. The subsequent rate of change of sensible energy e of the fluid particle (by definition a closed thermodynamic system) is given by the first law of thermodynamics, which relates it to the rate of energy addition, in this case by chemical reactions, and the rate of work done on the particle by the surrounding fluid.
Nest structure, pollen utilization and parasites associated with two west-Mediterranean bees (Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Megachilidae) nesting in empty snail shells

Around thirty species of European solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae nest in empty gastropod shells. We surveyed this group of bees in semi-natural sites adjacent to almond orchards near Lleida (north-eastern Spain) and collected 35 Hoplitis fertoni and 58 Osmia ferruginea nests in shells of six snail species. We describe the nest structure and report the identity of pollens collected by the two bee species. Both species adjust the number of brood cells to the size of the shell and occasionally build intercalary (empty) cells. H. fertoni uses clay and O. ferruginea chewed plant leaves for building cell partitions and nest plugs. Most nests of both species were built in Sphincterochila candidissima shells. Analysis of the pollen of selected nests confirmed that H. fertoni is oligolectic on Boraginaceae (in our study all pollen was from Lithodora fruticosa) and O. ferruginea is a polylectic species (collecting mostly pollen from Cistaceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae in our study area). Nests of H. fertoni were parasitized by five species, the golden wasp Chrysura hybrida, the cuckoo bee Dioxys moesta, the velvet ants Stenomutilla collaris and Stenomutilla hotentotta, and the bee-fly Anthrax aethiops; nests of O. ferruginea were parasitized by the sapygid wasp Sapyga quinquepunctata and A. aethiops. Except for C. hybrida these are newly recorded host-parasite associations. Our results confirm previous information and bring new findings on the ecology of both species. JHR 76: 113–125 (2020) doi: 10.3897/jhr.76. 49579 http://jhr.pensoft. net Copyright Petr Bogusch et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Petr Bogusch et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 76: 113–125 (2020) 114
Forests as dispersal barriers for Erebia medusa (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera).

Summary The nymphalid butterfly Erebia medusa is a typical species of meadows that are poor in nitrogen and fallow land. In forests, it is only found on clearings with meadow-like structures. However, it is missing on wind exposed places, too. 239 imagoes of E. medusa were sampled in the Aggtelek Karst region (north-eastern Hungary) at six different localities at the end of May 1997. The sample sizes varied between 33 and 46. The studied karst area has a typical forest steppe vegetation and is characterised by a mosaic-like distribution of meadows and forests. The sampled butterflies were analysed by allozyme electrophoresis. The level of polymorphism was significantly higher in the samples than the mean of the populations on European scale. Significant genetic differentiation was found between populations but the level of differentiation was low. Genetic distances varied between 0.013 and 0.020 with a mean of 0.017 (± 0.002 S.D.). The estimated F ST value was about 0.005 (± 0.005 S.D.). An isolation by distance analysis showed no significant correlation between geographical and genetic distances (p > 0.05; r = 0.48). Contrarily, a significant correlation between genetic distances and the minimum forest distances between sampling sites was found (p E. medusa seem to be of little influence on the formation of local genetic structuring, whereas the distribution of forests which might act as migration barriers for this species seems to be an important factor.
Knowledge and factors influencing long-acting reversible contraceptives use among women of reproductive age in Nigeria

Background: Approximately 48% of unintended pregnancies occur as a result of contraceptives failure around the world, which is mostly due to incorrect use, poor adherence, and/or technology failure. Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods have been developed to close this gap. The main aim of this study is to identify factors associated with the use of LARCs among women of reproductive age and to examine the relationship between knowledge of LARCs and the current use of LARCs in Nigeria. Methods: This study assessed the PMA2020 methodology and secondary dataset using female datasets from PMA 2016 (Round 3) exercise. The survey was conducted out in seven states of Nigeria. The target population for this study was women of reproductive age (15-49 years) currently using contraception prior to the survey. The sample size of women that met the inclusion criteria was 1927. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution, chi-square, and logistic regression at a 5% level of significance. Results: The results showed that 21.0% of women were using traditional methods. 14.8% of the sampled women were using LARCs methods. Findings further showed that at both levels of analyses, there is a significant relationship (P<0.05 and P=0.00 for binary and logistic regression, respectively) between knowledge of LARCs and the use of LARCs. This means that knowledge of LARCs and socio-demographic variables among women of reproductive age in Nigeria can influence the use of LARCs. Conclusions: We concluded in this study that 14.8% of women using contraception were using LARCs. Additionally, the level of education, age of women, household wealth, and the number of living children were significantly associated with using LARCs in Nigeria. Also, when discussing contraception with women, health care practitioners should discuss the risks and benefits of LARCs with women of reproductive age and recommend them as a first-line method.
Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on clinical symptoms, quality of life, serum serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid, and ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized clinical trial

Vitamin D deficiency, common in the population with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), can induce the main factors that lead to IBS clinical symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, and inflammation. Serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of IBS, and its production and secretion are increased from the lumen due to stress and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on the pathogenesis of diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). Seventy-four IBS-D patients (age: 18-65 y) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study from February 2017 to May 2018, at Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Subjects were allocated into two groups receiving 50,000 IU/week of vitamin D3 or placebo for 9 weeks. IBS severity score system (IBS-SSS), IBS-quality of life questionnaire (QoL), hospital anxiety and depression Scale (HADs), visceral sensitivity index (VSI) and serum 25(OH) vitamin D3, serotonin, 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid and ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT were evaluated before and after the interventions. Symptoms severity, QoL, HADs-depression, and VSI score improved significantly in the vitamin D group as compared to the placebo group (P-values: <0.001, 0.049, 0.023, and 0.008; respectively). There were no significant differences in abdominal bloating, HADs-anxiety, serum 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and 5-HIAA/5-HT between the two groups at the end of the study. Based on our results, we recommend serum vitamin D be evaluated in the process of treatment of these patients to ameliorate symptoms and quality life of IBS-D patients with vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency.
Feeding Habits and Mouth Morphology of Young Silver Perch (Bairdiella chrysoura) from the North-Central Gulf of Mexico

Abstract We examined predator-prey relationships of young Bairdiella chrysoura (Silver Perch) collected in Mississippi Sound by comparing the diet to fish standard length (2.5–30.0 mm SL) and mouth width (MW). Silver Perch displayed a diel feeding pattern, with the most active feeding occurring from midnight until noon. As Silver Perch SL increased, prey number, frequency, and volume plus prey width increased. Calanoid copepods and mysid shrimp were the dominant prey, with mysids becoming prominent as Silver Perch SL increased. Cluster analysis supported this pattern as Silver Perch ≤5 mm SL consumed a homogenous material and a few copepods, fish 5–10 mm SL preyed upon calanoid copepods, and then fish in larger size classes shifted their diet to mysid shrimp as MW increased and fish became more robust. Silver Perch SL was linearly related to MW (MW = 0.097 [SL] + 0.245; r2 = 0.891).
Peer Effects in the Timing and Inflation of Restructuring Charges: Evidence from Economic Recessions

This paper proposes that when faced with a common economic shock, the timing of a firm’s restructuring actions relative to its peers influences the extent to which the firm’s managers create reserves, that is, inflate restructuring charges and reverse them strategically in the future. We rely on the relative timing of restructuring charges across industry peer firms during two major economic recessions – those in 2001 and 2008 – to identify firms that initiate restructurings early in recessions (Leaders) and those that follow their peer firms (Followers). Using reversals of restructuring charges to detect inflation, we find robust evidence that Followers’ charges are significantly more likely than Leaders to exhibit reversals. Moreover, the likelihood of reversals for Followers relative to Leaders is even higher when their pre-reversal earnings fall short of analysts’ consensus forecasts. Additionally, we document that the reversals for Followers exhibit a greater tendency to convert a shortfall with pre-reversal earnings to a meet/beat with post-reversal earnings. The results are robust to propensity-score-matching between Leaders and Followers on firm-specific characteristics. Further tests provide corroborating evidence that the restructuring charges of Followers are larger than those of Leaders after controlling for their economic circumstances, consistent with inflation.
Robust identification of investor beliefs

Significance Prices in asset markets reflect a combination of investor beliefs and their risk preferences. Researchers, as well as policymakers, look to asset market data as a barometer of public beliefs. Such data are informative because investors must be compensated for exposure to macroeconomic shocks, and thus beliefs about future macroeconomic performance are encoded in asset prices. This paper develops a method informed by data and models to recover information about investor beliefs. Our approach uses information embedded in forward-looking asset prices in conjunction with asset pricing models. We entertain families of potential belief distortions bounded by a statistical measure of divergence. Additionally, our method allows for the direct use of sparse survey evidence to make these bounds more informative. This paper develops a method informed by data and models to recover information about investor beliefs. Our approach uses information embedded in forward-looking asset prices in conjunction with asset pricing models. We step back from presuming rational expectations and entertain potential belief distortions bounded by a statistical measure of discrepancy. Additionally, our method allows for the direct use of sparse survey evidence to make these bounds more informative. Within our framework, market-implied beliefs may differ from those implied by rational expectations due to behavioral/psychological biases of investors, ambiguity aversion, or omitted permanent components to valuation. Formally, we represent evidence about investor beliefs using a nonlinear expectation function deduced using model-implied moment conditions and bounds on statistical divergence. We illustrate our method with a prototypical example from macrofinance using asset market data to infer belief restrictions for macroeconomic growth rates.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF FLAXSEED IN A β‐CAROTENE‐LINOLEATE MODEL SYSTEM

Flaxseed meal was extracted with 95% ethanol at 80C. The extract was separated on a Sephadex LH-20 column using methanol as eluate. Four major fractions according to their absorbances at 280 nm were separated. The antioxidant effect of these fractions in a β-carotene-linoleate system indicated that fraction I was most active. Absorption maximum for UV spectrum of this fraction was 290 nm and TLC analysis indicated the presence of 4 phenolic compounds in it. Fractions II to IV showed a very low antioxidant activity.