Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
People on the tweets: Online collective identity narratives and temporality in the #LebaneseRevolution

Our study examines collective identity development in the early stages of a social movement as it narratively unfolded on Twitter during the 2019 October revolution in Lebanon. Based on a sample extraction of Twitter content from the first month of the revolution and using both thematic and narrative analyses, our study uncovers an entangled temporality where past, present and future strands of narrative time intervene in online identity narratives. Disentangling these digital narratives enabled us to identify three temporal-thematic categories that outline the contours of the emergent online identity: a revisited narrative past evoking collective nostalgia, a disruptive narrative present creating an urgent “presence in the now,” and a prefigurative narrative future that allows online members to collectively re-imagine and co-create their collective selfhood. Taken together, these findings support better understandings of collective identity emergence in digitally-mediated social movements in three different ways. First, building on the organizational literature on temporality in collective identity formation, we highlight how temporal narratives online support and accelerate a nascent collective identity through their immediacy and global reach. Second, by approaching narrated time theoretically and not chronologically, we address recent calls that challenge linear temporal narratives. We highlight how entangled temporality contributes to the emergence of a social movement’s online collective identity. Ultimately, from a methodological perspective, we offer an approach for “disentangling” digital temporality and propose (ante)narrative theory as a useful interpretive lens for better apprehending identity-relevant social media content.
A hybrid structural health monitoring approach for damage detection in steel bridges under simulated environmental conditions using numerical and experimental data

This paper presents a novel hybrid structural health monitoring (SHM) framework for damage detection in bridges using numerical and experimental data. The framework is based on the hybrid SHM approach and combines the use of a calibrated numerical finite element (FE) model to generate data from different structural state conditions under varying environmental conditions with a machine learning algorithm in a supervised learning approach. An extensive experimental benchmark study is performed to obtain data from a local and global sensor setup on a real bridge under different structural state conditions, where structural damage is imposed based on a comprehensive investigation of common types of steel bridge damage reported in the literature. The experimental data are subsequently tested on the machine learning model. It is demonstrated that relevant structural damage can be established based on the hybrid SHM framework by separately evaluating different cases considering natural frequencies, mode shapes, and mode shape derivatives. Consequently, the work presented in this study represents a significant contribution toward establishing SHM systems that can be applied to existing steel bridges. The proposed framework is applicable to any bridge structure in which relevant structural damage can be simulated and experimental data obtained.
Romanticisation and monetisation of the digital nomad lifestyle: The role played by online narratives in shaping professional identity work

Some occupations are subject to more complex identity work processes than others. This rings true for those professional endeavours that are relatively poorly known and that cannot rely on institutions as a reference for identification, such as digital nomadism. Digital nomads can broadly be defined as professionals who embrace extreme forms of mobile work to combine their interest in travel with the possibility to work remotely. Building on a two-stage data collection process, this paper proposes a typology that characterises four archetypes of digital nomad lifestyle promoters’ narratives found online and show how these online narratives play a role in the process of identity work of other digital nomads. Our contributions are two-fold. First, we show that while the archetypes act as an important online identity regulatory force, they do so through dis-identification. Second, we explain how identity work for digital nomads involves evaluating discursively available subjectivities and propose a three-step reflexive process that entails (i) interpreting, (ii) dis-identifying and (iii) contextualising. We contend that our findings extend beyond the specific case of digital nomads and shed light onto the intricacies of work identity for ‘new’ occupations that are romanticised and monetised through social media and beyond.
Effectiveness of a supervised PA programme on behavioural and motivational profiles and health in obese and non-obese patients with chronic disease

ABSTRACT Physical Activity is a cornerstone in the management of obesity and prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases. Supervised PA training effectively increases PA levels, but long-term PA is difficult to maintain because of psychological and physical barriers. The aim of this study was, first, to characterise the spontaneous initial behavioural, intentional and motivational incentives to practice PA, as well as the health profiles of obese and non-obese patients with chronic diseases and, secondly, to assess the effect of a 3-month PA training programme on these profiles. Twenty-seven participants 59 years of age completed the survey, at baseline (T0), at the end of the training (T3), and three months after the programme ended (T6). Before training, obese patients differed from non-obese ones in pain perception, self-efficacy to manage their pain, perceived physical condition and walking distance . Training improved the stage of change and global health perception, increased intrinsic regulation, time spent in leisure and occupational activities, and decreased introjected regulation. Moreover, there were more obese patients in the relapse stage at T6, but they felt less heavy and increased their leisure PA time. These results suggested that BMI influenced joint pain, perception of the physical condition and, consequently, walking distance. The 3-month supervised PA training was effective to improve global health perception, the stage of change, profile motivation and PA behaviours. Both BMI groups spent more time in leisure PA at the end and 3 months after the training , but obese patients were more frequently in the relapse stage at T6.
Turnover of strain-level diversity modulates functional traits in the 1 honeybee gut microbiome between nurses and foragers 2 3

18 Strain-level diversity is widespread among bacterial species and can expand the functional 19 potential of natural microbial communities. However, to what extent communities shift in 20 strain composition in response to environmental changes has mostly remained elusive. Here, 21 we used shotgun metagenomics to compare the gut microbiota of two behavioral states of 22 Western honeybees, larvae-feeding nurses and pollen foragers. While their gut microbiota is 23 composed of the same bacterial species, we detected consistent changes in strain-level 24 composition between nurses and foragers. Single nucleotide variant profiles of predominant 25 bacterial species clustered by behavioral state rather than by colony or sampling location. 26 Moreover, we identified strain-specific gene content related to nutrient utilization, vitamin 27 biosynthesis, and cell-cell interactions specifically associated with the two behavioral states. 28 Our findings show that strain-level diversity in host-associated communities can turnover in 29 response to environmental changes modulating functional traits of communities and 30 highlighting that strains are ecologically relevant units. 31
Deficiency in Galectin-3, -8, and -9 impairs immunity to chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection but not acute infection with multiple intracellular pathogens

Macrophages employ an array of pattern recognition receptors to detect and eliminate intracellular pathogens that access the cytosol. The cytosolic carbohydrate sensors Galectin-3, -8, and -9 (Gal-3, Gal-8, and Gal-9) recognize damaged pathogen-containing phagosomes, and Gal-3 and Gal-8 are reported to restrict bacterial growth via autophagy in cultured cells. However, the contribution of these galectins to host resistance during bacterial infection remains unclear. We found that Gal-9 binds directly to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Stm) and localizes to Mtb in macrophages. To determine the combined contribution of membrane damage-sensing galectins to immunity in vivo, we generated Gal-3, -8, and - 9 triple knockout (TKO) mice. Mtb infection of primary macrophages from TKO mice resulted in defective lysosomal trafficking but normal bacterial replication. Surprisingly, these mice had no discernable defect in resistance to acute infection with Mtb, Stm or Listeria monocytogenes, and had only modest impairments in bacterial growth restriction and CD4 T cell activation during chronic Mtb infection. Collectively, these findings indicate that while Gal-3, -8, and -9 respond to an array of intracellular pathogens, together these membrane damage-sensing galectins play a limited role in host resistance to bacterial infection. Author Summary Intracellular bacterial pathogens cause many of the world’s most deadly infectious diseases. A common requirement for nearly all intracellular pathogens is the ability to damage the endomembrane compartments in which they reside, which allows pathogens access to the nutrient-rich cytosol of the host. However, membrane damage also creates a “pattern of pathogenesis” that triggers antimicrobial immune responses. Galectin-3, -8, and -9 (Gal-3, Gal-8, and Gal-9) act as a surveillance system for membrane damage and Gal-3 and Gal-8 inhibit bacterial growth by activating autophagy, a cellular pathway that can capture cytosolic bacteria and degrade them in lysosomes. Membrane damage-sensing galectins were hypothesized to promote bacterial killing during acute infection yet their role in the immune response of an infected animal remains unclear. Here, we show that mice deficient for Gal-3, -8, and -9 had no defects in resistance to acute infection with the pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and were only modestly susceptible to chronic Mtb infection. Our data suggest that Gal-3, -8 and -9 are not critical for innate immune responses during acute infection and may play a more prominent role in the adaptive immune response. These results broaden our understanding of the role of membrane damage-sensing pathways in host defense against bacterial infection.
Insights into mammalian TE diversity via the curation of 248 mammalian genome assemblies

We examined transposable element (TE) content of 248 placental mammal genome assemblies, the largest de novo TE curation effort in eukaryotes to date. We find that while mammals resemble one another in total TE content and diversity, they show substantial differences with regard to recent TE accumulation. This includes multiple recent expansion and quiescence events across the mammalian tree. Young TEs, particularly LINEs, drive increases in genome size while DNA transposons are associated with smaller genomes. Mammals tend to accumulate only a few types of TE at any given time, with one TE type dominating. We also found association between dietary habit and the presence of DNA transposon invasions. These detailed annotations will serve as a benchmark for future comparative TE analyses among placental mammals. One-Sentence Summary A de novo assessment of TE content in 248 mammals finds informative trends in mammalian genome evolution.
Origin of wiring specificity in an olfactory map: dendrite targeting of projection neurons

How does wiring specificity of neural maps emerge during development? Formation of the adult Drosophila olfactory glomerular map begins with patterning of projection neuron (PN) dendrites at the early pupal stage. To better understand the origin of wiring specificity of this map, we created genetic tools to systematically characterize dendrite patterning across development at PN type–specific resolution. We find that PNs use lineage and birth order combinatorially to build the initial dendritic map. Specifically, birth order directs dendrite targeting in rotating and binary manners for PNs of the anterodorsal and lateral lineages, respectively. Two-photon– and adaptive optical lattice light-sheet microscope–based time-lapse imaging reveals that PN dendrites initiate active targeting with direction-dependent branch stabilization on the timescale of seconds. Moreover, PNs that are used in both the larval and adult olfactory circuits prune their larval-specific dendrites and re-extend new dendrites simultaneously to facilitate timely olfactory map organization. Our work highlights the power and necessity of type-specific neuronal access and time-lapse imaging in identifying wiring mechanisms that underlie complex patterns of functional neural maps.
Nonlinear wake‐field generation and relativistic focusing of intense laser pulses in plasmas

The generation of nonlinear plasma wake fields by an intense, short laser pulse and the relativistic optical guiding of intense laser pulses in plasmas are studied with a nonlinear, self‐consistent model of laser–plasma interactions. Nonlinear steepening and period lengthening of the plasma waves are observed, and expressions are obtained for various nonlinear wake‐field quantities. Relativistic focusing with the self‐consistent plasma response shows that laser pulse fronts and laser pulses shorter than a plasma wavelength, 2πc/ωp, are not relativistically guided and will continuously erode due to diffraction.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers during the first wave in Portugal: a cross-sectional and correlational study

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. This study aims to identify the degree to which sociodemographic variables and indicators of subjective well-being and psychological resilience are associated, positively and negatively, with the outcomes of burnout, stress, depression and anxiety among Portuguese HCWs observed during the first wave. It also aims to evaluate the strength of association of these variables and indicators with each outcome. Design Cross-sectional quantitative study. The statistical methods used are simple logistic model, multiple logistic regression model and −2*log-likelihood statistic. Setting Portuguese HCWs living in Portugal and working in the Portuguese healthcare system. Participants The study included 1535 professionals, with a mean age of 38 years. Primary and secondary outcomes measures Psychological variables were measured by Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the Resilience Scale, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results High levels of personal (55%; n=844), work-related (55.1%; n=846) and client-related burnout (35.4%; n=543) were found. Additionally, participants expressed substantial levels of depression (28.7%; n=441), stress (36.4%; n=558) and anxiety (33.1%; n=508). About 1202 participants (78.3%) demonstrated moderate-to-high levels of resilience. Profession, work regime during the pandemic, having a health problem, resilience and satisfaction with life are independent variables significantly associated with the outcomes of burnout, stress, depression and anxiety. Satisfaction with life was the independent variable that had a major association with all outcomes. Conclusions Governments and hospital administrations should take action to promote resilience and satisfaction with life as these variables are protective relating to mental health problems. Interventions as educational sessions, psychological support at work, programmes promoting resilience and coping mechanisms and better work conditions may improve mental health. The implementation of measures to protect healthcare students from developing prejudicial outcomes seams very adequate and important.
Evolution of Models of Prostate Cancer: Their Contribution to Current Therapies

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most frequent cancers worldwide. Nowadays, several therapeutic strategies are available for PCa treatment, namely chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Despite existing therapeutic approaches, in vitro and in vivo models are essential to better understand cancer development and search for more effective therapies, with a positive impact in cancer patient survival and quality of life. Among several models available, the rat model is the one most frequently used, since it shares anatomical, physiological, pathological, and behavioral features with humans. Animal models can be classified as: spontaneous, chemically-induced; hormonally-induced; implantation of cancer cell lines obtained from humans or from the same species, in the place of disease development or in a different place; and genetically-modified models. The chemically-induced models are among the most frequently used for PCa research. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of PCa models, presenting their application, advantages, and disadvantages, and their importance for the development of current therapies for prostate cancer.
Subgridding in the finite-difference time-domain method for simulating the interaction of terahertz radiation with metal

Simulating the interaction of electromagnetic terahertz radiation with metals poses difficulties not encountered in the optical regime. Owing to a penetration depth small compared to the wavelength, such simulations in the terahertz frequency range require large discretization volumes with very small grid spacings. We present a unique subgridding scheme that accurately describes this interaction while keeping computational costs minimal. Bidirectional coupling between grids allows for the complete integration of subdomains into the simulation volume. Implementation in one and two dimensions is demonstrated, and a comparison with theoretical and experimental results [Opt. Express15, 6552 (2007)] [Phys. Rev. B69, 155427 (2004)] is given. Using our technique, we are able to accurately simulate plasmonic effects in terahertz experiments for the first time.
Unified Metrical Common Fixed Point Theorems in 2-Metric Spaces via an Implicit Relation

We prove some common fixed point theorems for two pairs of weakly compatible mappings in 2-metric spaces via an implicit relation. As an application to our main result, we derive Bryant's type generalized fixed point theorem for four finite families of self-mappings which can be utilized to derive common fixed point theorems involving any finite number of mappings. Our results improve and extend a host of previously known results. Moreover, we study the existence of solutions of a nonlinear integral equation.
COMMENTS ON CROSS-CORRELATION METHODOLOGY IN VARIABILITY STUDIES OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

We discuss two separate cross-correlation methdologies, the interpolation method of Gaskell and Sparkle and the discrete correlation function of Edelson and Krolik, that are commonly used to quantify the lags between continuum and emission-line flux variations in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We show that if similar assumptions are made to normalize the cross-correlation functions, the two methods are in good agreement for well-sampled AGN light curves. We also investigate the performance of cross-correlation methodology for less well-sampled data sets through Monte Carlo simulations that employ realistic models of the continuum behavior (based on well-observed Seyfert galaxies) and typical emission-line response times. We find that the interpolation method fairly accurately recovers the emission-line lags as the sampling is degraded (i.e., as the number of observed points is reduced). We find that for the cases investigated, the emission-line lags can be determined with reasonable accuracy even with mean sampling intervals as large as around two weeks.
Sh 2-128: An H II and Star-forming Region in the Galactic Outback

Near-infrared imaging photometry supplemented by optical spectroscopy and narrowband imaging of the H II region Sh 2-128 and its environment are presented. This region contains a developed H II region and a neighboring compact H II region associated with a pair of water maser sources. Midway between these, the core of a CO cloud is located. The principal ionizing source of Sh 2-128 is an O7 star close to its center. Slit spectroscopy was used to obtain nebular line fluxes, abundances, and the physical parameters of Sh 2-128. This H II region is optically thin from the optical to the radio and appears to be ionization-bounded. The present JHKs images show the presence of a number of point sources and nebular emission knots with large near-infrared excesses in the northern Sh 2-128N. One of the three red Ks knots coincides with the compact H II region. A few of the infrared-excess objects are close to known mid- and far-infrared emission peaks. Star counts in J and Ks show the presence of a small cluster of B-type stars, mainly associated with Sh 2-128N. Except for the youngest, reddest objects, the stars in the whole region are moderately obscured. The JHKs photometric properties, together with the characteristics of the other objects in the vicinity, suggest that Sh 2-128 and Sh 2-128N constitute a single complex formed from the same molecular cloud but with ages ∼106 and less than 3 × 105 yr, respectively. A new spectroscopic distance of 9.4 kpc is derived. This implies a galactocentric distance of 13.5 kpc and z = 550. No molecular hydrogen emission was detected at 2.12 μm from any part of the surveyed region.
A continuation method for motion-planning problems

We apply the well-known homotopy continuation method to address the motion planning problem (MPP) for smooth driftless control-affine systems. The homotopy continuation method is a Newton-type procedure to effectively determine functions only defined implicitly. That approach requires first to characterize the singularities of a surjective map and next to prove global existence for the solution of an ordinary differential equation, the Wazewski equation. In the context of the MPP, the aforementioned singularities are the abnormal extremals associated to the dynamics of the control system and the Wazewski equation is an o.d. e. on the control space called the Path Lifting Equation (PLE). We first show elementary facts relative to the maximal solution of the PLE such as local existence and uniqueness. Then we prove two general results, a finite-dimensional reduction for the PLE on compact time intervals and a regularity preserving theorem. In a second part, if the Strong Bracket Generating Condition holds, we show, for several control spaces, the global existence of the solution of the PLE, extending a previous result of H.J. Sussmann.