Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Force of Voluntary Exercise does not Affect Sensorimotor Cortex Activation as Detected by Functional MRI at 1.5 T

Echo‐planar brain images (1.5 T, 1‐shot GRE, TR/TE=3000/45) were acquired during 30–60 s cycles of repetitive (1.3–1.7 Hz) finger flexion exercise against light (0.24) vs heavy (1.40 kg) weights. In protocols during which exercise was alternated with periods of rest, active voxels were identified in the contralateral motor and somatosensory areas by cross‐correlation against an on–off waveform. However, there was no significant difference between the responses to light vs heavy weights. In a continuous repetitive exercise protocol, in which only the weights were cycled, no force‐correlated voxels were identified. Inasmuch as force‐correlated neurons are known to be present in the primate cortex, the results illustrate a potential limitation of functional MRI studies based on the BOLD effect.
Sox 7 controls arterial specification in conjunction with hey 2 and efnb 2 function

SoxF family members have been linked to arterio-venous specification events and human pathological conditions, but in contrast to Sox17 and Sox18, a detailed in vivo analysis of a Sox7 mutant model is still lacking. In this studywe generated zebrafish sox7 mutants to understand the role of Sox7 during vascular development. By in vivo imaging of transgenic zebrafish lines we show that sox7 mutants display a short circulatory loop around the heart as a result of aberrant connections between the lateral dorsal aorta (LDA) and either the venous primary head sinus (PHS) or the common cardinal vein (CCV). In situ hybridization and live observations in flt4:mCitrine transgenic embryos revealed increased expression levels of flt4 in arterial endothelial cells at the exact location of the aberrant vascular connections in sox7mutants. An identical circulatory short loop could also be observed in newly generated mutants for hey2 and efnb2. By genetically modulating levels of sox7, hey2 and efnb2 we demonstrate a genetic interaction of sox7 with hey2 and efnb2. The specific spatially confined effect of loss of Sox7 function can be rescued by overexpressing the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) in arterial cells of sox7 mutants, placing Sox7 upstream of Notch in this aspect of arterial development. Hence, sox7 levels are crucial in arterial specification in conjunction with hey2 and efnb2 function, with mutants in all three genes displaying shunt formation and an arterial
Retrieval, validation, and application of the 1-km aerosol optical depth from MODIS measurements over Hong Kong

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol retrieval algorithm was developed to derive aerosol properties at a global scale, suitable for climate studies. Under favorable conditions (clear sky and over dark surfaces), the standard 10/spl times/10 km MODIS aerosol products are also useful on regional scales to monitor aerosol distributions and transports. However, the 10-km resolution is insufficient to depict aerosol variation on local or urban scales, due to inherent aerosol variability as well as complex surface terrain. In this study, we have modified the MODIS algorithm to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 1-km resolution over Hong Kong, a city of just over 1000 km/sup 2/ with very complex surface features. Accompanied by the increased spatial resolution are new aerosol models derived with single-scattering albedo (SSA) around 0.91-0.94 to accommodate higher aerosol absorption encountered in Hong Kong than that was presumed for MODIS standard products (SSA/spl sim/0.97) over the region. The derived AOD data are compared to handheld Microtops II sunphotometer observations at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and other locations across Hong Kong. Retrieval errors within 15% to 20% of sunphotometer measurements are found. Moreover, when compared with the standard 10-km AOD products, the 1-km AOD data are much better correlated with PM/sub 10/ measurements across Hong Kong, suggesting that the new 1-km AOD data can be used to better characterize the particulate matter distribution for cities like Hong Kong than the MODIS standard products.
During Atrophy and Recovery of Mouse Soleus Muscle Transcriptional Reprogramming and Ultrastructure Transcriptional Reprogramming and Ultrastructure during Atrophy and Recovery of Mouse Soleus Muscle

You might find this additional info useful. 24 times a year (twice monthly) by the American Physiological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD systems with techniques linking genes and pathways to physiology, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. It is published publishes results of a wide variety of studies from human and from informative model Physiological Genomics Flü ck. Transcriptional reprogramming and ultrastructure during atrophy and recovery of mouse soleus muscle. study investigated the use of the hind-limb suspension (HS) and reloading model of mice for the mapping of ultrastructural and gene expressional alterations underlying load-dependent muscular adaptations. Mice were hindlimb suspended for 7 days or kept as controls (n ϭ 12). Soleus muscles were harvested after HS (HS7, n ϭ 23) or after resuming ambulatory cage activity (reloading) for either 1 day (R1, n ϭ 13) or 7 days (R7, n ϭ 9). Using electron microscopy, a reduction in mean fiber area (Ϫ37%) and in capillary-to-fiber ratio (from 1.83 to 1.42) was found for HS7. Subsequent reloading caused an increase in interstitial cells (ϩ96%) and in total capillary length (ϩ57%), whereas mean fiber area and capillary to fiber ratio did not significantly change compared with HS. Total RNA in the soleus muscle was altered with both HS (Ϫ63%) and reloading (ϩ108% in R7 compared with control). This is seen as an important adaptive mechanism. Gene expression alterations were assessed by a muscle-specific low-density cDNA microarray. The transcriptional adjustments indicate an early increase of myogenic factors during reloading together with an overshoot of contractile (MyHC I and IIa) and metabolic (glycolytic and oxidative) mRNA amounts and suggest mechano-sensitivity of factors keeping the sarcomeres in register (desmin, titin, integrin-␤1). Important differences to published data from former rat studies were found with the mouse HS model for contractile and glycolytic enzyme expression. These species-specific differences need to be considered when trans-genic mice are used for the elucidation of monogenetic factors in mechano-dependent muscle plasticity. THE PHENOTYPE OF SKELETAL muscle is importantly dependent on mechanical loading. This aspect of muscle plasticity is highlighted by the severe loss of mass (atrophy) after a few days of reduced weight-bearing activity such as bed rest (18) or space flight (19). On the other hand, increased mechanical loading, i.e., resistance training (20) or continuous stretch (10), induces muscle growth (hypertrophy). The molecular pathways governing mechano-dependent muscle remodeling are ill-defined and require further investigations. Hindlimb suspension (HS) of rats is …
Specific HIV-1 integrase polymorphisms change their prevalence in untreated versus antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected patients, all naive to integrase inhibitors.

OBJECTIVES To define whether the prevalence of mutations associated with integrase inhibitor (INI) resistance is different in untreated versus antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected individuals (all INI naive). METHODS Gene sequences of the integrase (IN) and reverse transcriptase (RT) obtained from plasma samples of a well-defined cohort of 448 HIV-1-infected individuals (134 drug naive and 314 antiretroviral treated) were analysed. Docking simulations, using RT and IN models, were also performed. RESULTS Primary mutations and the majority of secondary mutations for raltegravir or elvitegravir were completely absent (or rarely found, <1%) in INI-naive patients, either drug naive or antiretroviral treated. Specific IN polymorphisms increased their frequency in antiretroviral-treated patients, and showed positive associations with specific RT resistance mutations. M154I and V165I IN polymorphisms occurred at a frequency of 6% in untreated patients, reaching 21.3% and 13.4%, respectively, in antiretroviral-treated patients. The mutation M154L, absent in drug-naive patients, was prevalent at 5.7% in antiretroviral-treated patients, and was positively associated with RT resistance mutations F227L and T215Y. Similarly, V165I and G163R mutations were associated with the RT resistance mutations F227L and M230L, respectively, and the T206S polymorphism was associated with the RT resistance mutation L210W. Docking simulations showed several favourable contacts between IN and RT residues. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results confirm that primary and secondary INI-associated mutations are absent or extremely rare in INI-naive patients. Conversely, a few specific IN polymorphisms found in INI-naive patients increased their frequency in antiretroviral-failing patients and/or are associated with RT resistance mutations. The potential contribution of such polymorphisms to the evolution of resistance under the pressure of INIs needs further investigation.
Sampling time adaptive control methodology for CAN-based Networked Control Systems

Networked Control Systems (NCS) have become a widely considered research topic. This new control approach differs from the traditional fieldbus systems in that the controller and the plant are physically separated and connected through an industrial network. The major challenge of NCS design is the limited data feedback using the communication network (network delays and packet loss), which can degrade the NCS performance or even cause instability. For CAN-based NCS, another important issue is the correct selection of the messages sampling times. In order to mitigate these problems, control methodologies have been developed based on different types of network protocols in conjunction with different strategies to handle the degenerative effects related to NCS. This paper describes our approach to design and evaluate a new control methodology for application in CAN-based NCS. The solution is based on an adaptive PID controller that automatically manages the NCS sampling time, reducing the network utilization rate while maintaining NCS performance and stability. The feasibility and effectiveness of the control methodology are outlined through experimentation on a CAN-based NCS platform, showing significant results in the CAN network utilization reduction.
Efficient monte carlo optimization for multi-label classifier chains

Multi-label classification (MLC) is the supervised learning problem where an instance may be associated with multiple labels. Modeling dependencies between labels allows MLC methods to improve their performance at the expense of an increased computational cost. In this paper we focus on the classifier chains (CC) approach for modeling dependencies. On the one hand, the original CC algorithm makes a greedy approximation, and is fast but tends to propagate errors down the chain. On the other hand, a recent Bayes-optimal method improves the performance, but is computationally intractable in practice. Here we present a novel double-Monte Carlo scheme (M2CC), both for finding a good chain sequence and performing efficient inference. The M2CC algorithm remains tractable for high-dimensional data sets and obtains the best overall accuracy, as shown on several real data sets with input dimension as high as 1449 and up to 103 labels.
Objective measures for real-time evaluation of adaptive feedback cancellation algorithms in hearing aids

This paper discusses objective measures for real-time evaluation of feedback cancellation algorithms in hearing aids in the presence of non-white input signals. Based on these measures, the maximum stable gain, the sound quality and the time required to recover from instability are determined for several real-time frequency-domain adaptive feedback cancellation algorithms, including adaptive feedback cancellation with bandlimited adaptation and prediction-error method based adaptive feedback cancellation (PemAFC) with autoregressive modelling of the desired signal. Of all the evaluated methods, the PemAFC with adaptive desired signal model achieves the best feedback suppression for a tonal music signal and the shortest time to recover from instability.
The price of being near-sighted

Achieving a global goal based on local information is challenging, especially in complex and large-scale networks such as the Internet or even the human brain. In this paper, we provide an almost tight classification of the possible trade-off between the amount of local information and the quality of the global solution for general covering and packing problems. Specifically, we give a distributed algorithm using only small messages which obtains an (ρΔ)1/k-approximation for general covering and packing problems in time O(k2), where ρ depends on the LP's coefficients. If message size is unbounded, we present a second algorithm that achieves an O(n1/k) approximation in O(k) rounds. Finally, we prove that these algorithms are close to optimal by giving a lower bound on the approximability of packing problems given that each node has to base its decision on information from its k-neighborhood.
Impact of DVFS on n-tier application performance

Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) has been widely deployed and proven to reduce energy consumption at low CPU utilization levels; however, our measurements of the n-tier application benchmark (RUBBoS) performance showed significant performance degradation at high utilization levels, with response time several times higher and throughput loss of up to 20%, when DVFS is turned on. Using a combination of benchmark measurements and simulation, we found two kinds of problems: large response time fluctuations due to push-back wave queuing in n-tier systems and throughput loss due to rapidly alternating bottlenecks. These problems arise from anti-synchrony between DVFS adjustment period and workload burst cycles (similar cycle length but out of phase). Simulation results (confirmed by extensive measurements) show the anti-synchrony happens routinely for a wide range of configurations. We show that a workload-sensitive DVFS adaptive control mechanism can disrupt the anti-synchrony and reduce the performance impact of DVFS at high utilization levels to 25% or less of the original.
Recovery guarantees for TV regularized compressed sensing

This paper considers the problem of recovering a one or two dimensional discrete signal which is approximately sparse in its gradient from an incomplete subset of its Fourier coefficients which have been corrupted with noise. The results show that in order to obtain a reconstruction which is robust to noise and stable to inexact gradient sparsity of order s with high probability, it suffices to draw O(s log N) of the available Fourier coefficients uniformly at random. However, if one draws O(s log N) samples in accordance to a particular distribution which concentrates on the low Fourier frequencies, then the stability bounds which can be guaranteed are optimal up to log factors. The final result of this paper shows that in the one dimensional case where the underlying signal is gradient sparse and its sparsity pattern satisfies a minimum separation condition, then to guarantee exact recovery with high probability, for some M <; N, it suffices to draw O(s log M logs) samples uniformly at random from the Fourier coefficients whose frequencies are no greater than M.
Effect of coseismic and postseismic deformation on homogeneous and layered half-space and spherical analysis: Model simulation of the 2006 Java, Indonesia, tsunami earthquake

Abstract We simulate surface displacements calculated on homogeneous and layered half-space and spherical models as applied to the coseismic and postseismic (afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation) of the 2006 Java tsunami earthquake. Our analysis of coseismic and afterslip deformation suggests that the homogeneous half-space model generates a much broader displacement effect than the layered half-space and spherical models. Also, though the result for surface displacements is similar for the layered half-space and spherical models, noticeable displacements still occurred on top of the coseismic fault patches. Our displacement result in afterslip modeling suggests that significant displacements occurred on top of the main afterslip fault patches, differing from the viscoelastic relaxation model, which has displacements in the front region of coseismic fault patches. We propose this characteristic as one of the important features differentiating a postseismic deformation signal from afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation detected by geodetic data.
Inferring who-is-who in the Twitter social network

In this paper, we design and evaluate a novel who-is-who service for inferring attributes that characterize individual Twitter users. Our methodology exploits the Lists feature, which allows a user to group other users who tend to tweet on a topic that is of interest to her, and follow their collective tweets. Our key insight is that the List meta-data (names and descriptions) provides valuable semantic cues about who the users included in the Lists are, including their topics of expertise and how they are perceived by the public. Thus, we can infer a user's expertise by analyzing the meta-data of crowdsourced Lists that contain the user. We show that our methodology can accurately and comprehensively infer attributes of millions of Twitter users, including a vast majority of Twitter's influential users (based on ranking metrics like number of followers). Our work provides a foundation for building better search and recommendation services on Twitter.
Thrombolysis in Acute Stroke Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Background: Thrombolytic treatment is of proven benefit in acute ischemic stroke. The term cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) refers to a group of pathological processes affecting the small arteries, arterioles, venules and capillaries of the brain, and encompasses both ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions. Lacunar stroke, an expression of SVD, is associated with an unfavorable long-term prognosis for an increased risk of death, recurrent stroke and cognitive dysfunction. Nonetheless, the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with lacunar stroke has been debated for two main reasons. First, among all ischemic stroke subtypes, lacunar strokes have been considered the most benign. Second, the efficacy of a pharmacological reperfusion has been questioned given the absence of a clear demonstration of thrombosis. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains the most devastating and unpredictable complication related to thrombolysis, and neuroimaging evidence of SVD is nowadays recognized as one of the risk factors for thrombolysis-related ICH. Summary: This review is structured in two parts dealing with the questions whether or not patients with lacunar stroke or SVD should be treated with thrombolysis. In the first part, we revised the literature concerning the efficacy of thrombolysis in patients with acute lacunar stroke. We included two types of studies: those in which patients with lacunar stroke receiving recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were compared with lacunar stroke patients receiving placebo, and those in which a comparison was made among different stroke subtype patients treated with rt-PA. In the second part, we reviewed the available evidence on the risk of ICH in patients treated with thrombolysis for ischemic stroke and presenting with neuroimaging evidence of SVD such as white matter lesions (WML) and cerebral microbleeds. We further questioned the extent to which WML and microbleeds could be used as reliable predictors of ICH and the feasibility of their detection in an acute setting. Key Messages: The studies herein reviewed show that thrombolysis is an effective treatment in acute lacunar stroke, and that the presence of cerebral SVD increases the risk of ICH during thrombolysis but does not represent an absolute exclusion criterion. In the future, it can be assumed that the use of MRI on a routine basis might lead to a better quantitative definition of SVD and its correlates, permitting a step forward in thrombolysis decision making.
CRAFT: A Library for Easier Application-Level Checkpoint/Restart and Automatic Fault Tolerance

In order to efficiently use the future generations of supercomputers, fault tolerance and power consumption are two of the prime challenges anticipated by the High Performance Computing (HPC) community. Checkpoint/Restart (CR) has been and still is the most widely used technique to deal with hard failures. Application-level CR is the most effective CR technique in terms of overhead efficiency but it takes a lot of implementation effort. This work presents the implementation of our C++ based library CRAFT (Checkpoint-Restart and Automatic Fault Tolerance), which serves two purposes. First, it provides an extendable library that significantly eases the implementation of application-level checkpointing. The most basic and frequently used checkpoint data-types are already part of CRAFT and can be directly used out of the box. The library can be easily extended to add more data-types. As means of overhead reduction, the library offers a built-in asynchronous checkpointing mechanism and also supports the Scalable Checkpoint/Restart (SCR) library for node level checkpointing. Second, CRAFT provides an easier interface for User-Level Failure Mitigation (ULFM) based dynamic process recovery, which significantly reduces the complexity and effort of failure detection and communication recovery mechanism. By utilizing both functionalities together, applications can write application-level checkpoints and recover dynamically from process failures with very limited programming effort. This work presents the challenges addressed by the library, its design, and its use. The associated overheads are analyzed using benchmarks.