Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deformation Induced Soft and Hard Lath Packets Enhance Ductility in Martensitic Steels

Martensitic steels are widely used structural materials with outstanding mechanical properties. Their high strength is provided by the non-diffusional phase transformation of fcc γ into thin lamellar bcc plates during fast cooling. Coherency strains between the fcc and bcc lamellae induce large dislocation densities in the range of 1016 m−2, well above the densities attainable by conventional plastic deformation. Using high resolution X-ray line profile analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and hardness tests we show that during tensile deformation when the active Burgers vectors are within the lath plane the lath-packets work soften. On the contrary, when the active Burgers vectors are oblique to the lath-plane the lath-packets work harden. The softening and hardening processes in the differently oriented lath-packets produce a composite of hard and soft components on the length scale of lath-packet size. The stress–strain response of the alloy is discussed in terms of the different mean free paths and the different annihilation lengths of dislocations in the softened and hardened lath-packets. The relatively good ductility is shown to be produced by the composite microstructure induced by plastic strain.
Experimental manipulation of flowers to determine the functional modes and fitness consequences of self‐fertilization: unexpected outcome reveals key assumptions

Summary Reproductive assurance is often invoked to explain the repeated transition from outcrossing to selfing among plants. The most common experimental test of this hypothesis uses floral emasculation (anther removal) to manipulate the capacity of flowers for autogamous self-pollination. The coastal dune endemic Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia exhibits striking variation in floral morphology and the mating system across its geographic range in California, and reproductive assurance is likely to have played a role in the transition from large flowers and predominant outcrossing to small flowers and predominant selfing. To compare variation in the timing of self-pollination and the extent to which it provides reproductive assurance in large- vs. small-flowered populations, we emasculated flowers at different times during anthesis and measured the effects on both seed production and the proportion of seeds self-fertilized vs. outcrossed estimated using marker genes. We also manipulated large- vs. small-flowered phenotypes within two morphologically variable populations. As predicted from floral development, small-flowered plants self-pollinated before flowers open, whereas large-flowered phenotypes did not. Comparing flowers that were emasculated before closing suggested that a seemingly well-developed mechanism for delayed selfing (anthers contacting the stigma when flowers close) does not increase seed production. Using emasculation to manipulate selfing assumes that removing anthers from flowers does not compromise outcrossing. However, while not affecting the capacity of flowers to produce seed, emasculation shortened floral longevity, thereby reducing opportunities for outcrossing. Genetic estimation of the mating system revealed a negative effect of emasculation on the proportion of seed outcrossed, even in small-flowered populations, further suggesting that flowers lacking anthers are unattractive to pollinators. These side effects of emasculation prevent a clear interpretation of the reproductive assurance value of selfing. Given that much of what we know about reproductive assurance in natural populations comes from emasculation experiments, our results suggest that the assumptions of this approach, which are rarely verified, require much more serious consideration.
The Application of Network Analysis to Dynamic Risk Factors in Adult Male Sex Offenders

Although dynamic risk factors are considered important in the assessment and treatment of adult male sex offenders, little is known about their interrelationships. We apply network analysis to assess their associations and to provide an analysis of their shortest pathways to sexual and violent (including sexual contact) recidivism. Analyses revealed a central position for general rejection/loneliness (in all networks), poor cognitive problem solving (in networks containing sexual or violent—including sexual contact—recidivism), and impulsive acts (only in the network including sexual recidivism). These variables represented links between clusters of dynamic risk factors composed of factors relating to sexual self-regulation, emotionally intimate relationships, antisocial traits, and self-management. Impulsive acts showed the strongest independent association with sexual and violent (including sexual contact) recidivism.
"Nigerian Public Relations Practitioners’ Use of Social Media: Validation of an Online Interactivity Model Applying Structural Equation Modeling"

Two-way symmetrical communication has been described as the best practice in modern public relations. The advent of new media, specifically social media, provides public relations practitioners with the opportunities of engaging in effective two-way communication with their publics because of its interaction potentials.The aim of this paper, therefore, was to propose and validate an online interactivity model that explains how public relations (PR) practitioners use social media for the promotion of two-way balanced communication with their publics. Data were collected from 513 Nigerian PR practitioners through systematic random sampling and were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings of the study suggested that the proposed and validated online interactivity model explained 82% of practitioners use social media for enhancing interaction with their publics.
Genetic basis of otosclerosis

Introduction. Otosclerosis is a disorder of the bone labyrinth and stapes resulting in conductive hearing loss. The genetic basis of otosclerosis still remains unknown. We aimed at reporting a comprehensive review of up-to-date knowledge on genetic basis of otosclerosis. Methods. Narrative literature review was undertaken to summarize the data about genetics of otosclerosis. Results. Genetics of otosclerosis has not been studied extensively and the literature on this topic is scarce. However, knowledge of genetic basis of otosclerosis is recently increasing. We have presented an overview of the knowledge of association of genetic markers with otosclerosis, gained from linkage analyses, candidate-gene studies, and modern high-throughput genomic studies. Conclusion. Due to its complex pathophysiology, otosclerosis is not a disease whose genetic base will be easily understood. Multiple omics analysis and bioinformatics will lead to elucidation of genetic basis of otosclerosis.
Equilibrium Selection under the Bayes-Based Strategy Updating Rules

In this paper, first, an evolutionary game model for Bayes-based strategy updating rules was constructed, in which players can only observe a signal that reveals a strategy type instead of the strategy type directly, which deviates from the strategy type of players. Then, the equilibrium selection of populations in the case of the asymmetric game, the Battle of the Sexes (BoS), and the case of a symmetric coordination game was studied where individuals make decisions based on the signals released by each player. Finally, it was concluded that in the BoS game, when the accuracy of the signal is low, the population eventually reaches an incompatible state. If the accuracy of the signal is improved, the population finally reaches a coordinated state. In a coordination game, when the accuracy of the signal is low, the population will eventually choose a payoff-dominated equilibrium. With the improvement of signal accuracy, the equilibrium of the final selection of the population depends on its initial state.
SOME PHASES OF SPORE GERMINATION OF MYXOMYCETES

Certain phases of spore germination in myxomycetes have received scant attention in the past and some generalizations relative to the emergence of zoospores have been made either without report or with quite inadequate report of the observations on which they supposedly rest. This is well illustrated in the case of the phenomenon of the emergence of more than one swarm-cell from a single spore. Massee (6) made the unqualified statement that in endosporous myxomycetes " one, two or more swarm-cells issue from a single spore. " The implication is that the occurrence is common and normal. He cites no observations of his own or of other observers. The first specific reference noted is in a paper by Schwartz (7). He says, "In a few species of endosporous mycetozoa we get two or four swarm-cells from each spore. " He further states that he himself has seen two swarm-cells issue from a single spore of Comatricha obtusata (Comatricha nigra Schroeter). Heitzmanowna (3) reported that the spores of Didymium nigripes germinate in three different ways under identical conditions: I, by a single swarmspore; 2, by several swarm-spores; 3, by a non-ciliated globose plasma mass, which, after dividing, forms two swarm-spores. Skupienski (8) reported that the spores of Didymium difforme are unisexual and that, while the protoplasmic content of the spore becomes a zoospore, very often the first karyokinetic division occurs within the spore and two myxamoebae are produced. The phenomenon was clearly more familiar than references in the literature would lead one to expect. A letter from Miss Lister (May IO, 1928) says: "Yes, it is a very frequent thing for two swarm-cells to issue from one spore. One imagines that the walls were formed before the mother cell had finally divided; one often meets with monstrous spores in irregular developments, containing even more nuclei. " Quite recently attention has been turned to this phase of germination. Jahn (5) states that the emergence of two or four swarm-cells from a single [The Journal for October (I6: 57I-643) was issued October 24, I929. ] 645
Changes in the Zoobenthos Community of Acidified Bowland Lake after Whole-Lake Neutralization and Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Reintroduction

The zoobenthos of Bowland Lake is described prior to, and for 2 yr after, neutralization of the lake from pH 4.9 to > 6.0 and reintroduction of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Observed changes in the total abundance, biomass, and size structure of shallow and profundal zoobenthos assemblages were attributable to changes in the fish community, not to improvements in water quality. A shift toward increased importance of oligochaetes, more representative of nonacidic conditions, occurred. However, many common, acid-sensitive taxa of zoobenthos which were absent prior to neutralization had not appeared within 2 yr after treatment, indicating insufficient time for recolonization.
Plasmids and antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated in Malaysia from healthy and diseased fish

Thirty-four A. hydrophila strains isolated from various fish species and several geographical locations in Malaysia were examined for their antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmid carriage. All strains were found to possess multiple resisitance, most commonly to ampicillin and carbenicillin. Six different antibiogroups representing 18 different antibiotic patterns were obtained. There were no differences in the resistance patterns of A. hydrophila isolates from healthy and diseased fish with ulcerative syndrome. Rifampicin was found to be the most active antibiotic against these strains. Isolation of plasmid DNA have a plasmid occurrence rate of only 14·7%. The molecular sizes of these plasmids ranged from 2·6 to 6Mda. Multiple carriage of plasmid is more likely with strains having three of four plasmids.
Ethico-legal aspects and ethical climate: Managing safe patient care and medical errors in nursing work

Background The nursing profession requires ethical and legal regulations to guide nurses’ performance. Ethical climate plays a part in shaping nurses’ ethical practice. Therefore, ethico-legal aspects and ethical climate contribute to improving nurses’ ethical practice and competencies with reducing medical errors in hospital settings. Objective This study examined the effect of ethico-legal aspects and ethical climate on managing safe patient care and medical errors among nurses. Materials and methods A cross-sectional correlational study was carried out on 548 nurses. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires about nurses’ knowledge in both ethical and legal aspects, ethical practice, competencies, ethical climate and experience with medical error. Results The main sources of nurses’ knowledge of ethical and legal aspects were undergraduate lectures, job experience and colleagues. Nurses’ knowledge in both ethical and legal aspects, nurses’ ethical practice and competencies were insufficient. Nurses fairly perceived their ethical climate. Also, nurses experienced medical errors about 22.6% in their units. Nurses’ knowledge of ethical and legal aspects, as well as the ethical climate were positive predictors of inadequate nurses’ ethical practice and competencies. Additionally, nurses’ knowledge in both ethical and legal aspects, ethical climate and practice had a negative influence on the occurrence of medical errors. Conclusion Enhancing nurses’ knowledge in both ethical and legal aspects as well as ethical climate could significantly influence improving nurses’ ethical practice, competencies and reducing medical errors in the study units. Therefore, planning for enhancing the nurses’ ethico-legal learning and ethical climate seems to be mandatory.
Inheritance of Partial Resistance to Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Soybean

Little is known about the inheritance of partial resistance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] to sclerotinia stem rot, caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. This information would be useful to soybean breeders who are developing cultivars with resistance to sclerotinia stem rot. Our objectives were to study the inheritance of partial resistance to sclerotinia stem rot and to present the initial results from mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) that confer this resistance. The research was conducted by testing 152 F 3 -derived lines from a cross between a partially resistant cultivar, Novartis Seeds S19-90 (formerly Northrup King), and a susceptible cultivar, Williams 82, for resistance to sclerotinia stem rot and agronomic traits at two Michigan locations in each of 2 yr. These lines were also evaluated for 123 genetic markers to map resistance genes. The resistance of the lines, measured with a disease severity index (DSI), was normally distributed across environments. Significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variation, genotype × location, and genotype × year interactions were observed for DSI. The broad-sense heritability estimate for DSI across both locations and years was 0.59. More severe disease was significantly correlated with greater lodging, later date of maturity, later R1 date, and greater plant height. Three QTL, explaining 10, 9, and 8% of the variability for DSI across environments, were mapped with genetic markers. Two of these QTL were also significantly associated with disease escape mechanisms such as plant height, lodging, and date of flowering. The other QTL was not significantly associated with escape mechanisms and may map one or more genes involved in physiological resistance to the disease.
Comparative gene expression analysis of Fas and related genes in preeclamptic and healthy women: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting about 2-10% pregnancies worldwide. mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Fas, and FasL have been reported to be altered in placental bed in preeclamptic pregnancies. We hypothesized that the expression of these genes is also altered in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in preeclampsia. Objective To compare the expression of Fas receptor and related genes in PBMCs of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional comparative study comprising of 18 cases and 18 controls was designed. 5 ml of venous blood was drawn and collected considering aseptic measures. Buffy coat was separated by centrifugation and stored at -20°C. Favor Prep total RNA Isolation Kit (Favorgen, Taiwan) was used for RNA extraction. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, Fas, and FasL was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in PBMCs in preeclamptic and normal pregnancies. Results A significant increase in mRNA expression of TNF-α, Fas, and FasL (p ≤ 0.001) was observed in PBMCs of preeclamptic pregnancies compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between the TNF-α mRNA expression and Fas and FasL (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion The results lead to the conclusion that mRNA expression of TNF-α, Fas, and FasL in the maternal PBMCs is altered in preeclamptic pregnancies and might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
The Adoption Analysis of Voice-Based Smart IoT Products

Rapid enhancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and other technologies have resulted in the emergence of various types of smart IT products such as the voice assistants (VAs). Accordingly, several attempts have been made through extant research for explaining the acceptance of these devices by using different models related to technology acceptance. In this article, an in-depth comparative analysis is conducted for determining which model best explains the user’s acceptance of using VAs. The technology acceptance model (TAM), theory of planned behavior (TPB), unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), and value-based adoption model (VAM) are used for the purpose of comparison using data collected from 436 (275 potential and 161 actual) participants from the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform. A maximum-likelihood structural equation modelling approach is used for the purpose of hypothesis testing on a model-by-model basis, while for the purpose of comparison between the models, Hotelling’s <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${ T}^{ 2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> test is used as the statistical measure. All the hypotheses across all the models are found to be true, though with varying degrees of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ adjusted-}}{ R}^{ 2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values. VAM is found to have the greatest predictive power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ adjusted-}}{ R}^{ 2} ={ 0}.{ 6}{ 83}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and TAM has the least predictive power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ adjusted-}}{ R}^{ 2} ={ 0}.{ 439}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) for behavioral intention (BI). Additionally, a multiple regression analysis is conducted for comparing each of the factors considered in the models in terms of their influence on BI. Results show that enjoyment has the greatest influence (31.24%), followed by subjective norms (15.43%). The effect of usefulness is found to be less (11.86%), which suggests the existence of some usability issues with the VAs. Finally, the research implications are discussed and suggestions are provided.
THE POTENTIAL OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (METSCHIKOFF) SOROKIN (DEUTEROMYCOTINA: HYPHOMYCETES) AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF INOPUS RUBRICEPS (MACQUART) (DIPTERA: STRATIOMYIDAE)

Isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae were bioassayed against larvae of Inopus rubriceps Where spore concentration was high (6.7 × 105‐6.7 × 1 06 spores/g of soil) all isolates were pathogenic At lower concentration (6.7 × 104 sores/g soil), pathogenicity varied significantly between isolates, as did their ability to grow and sporulate on the larval cadaver followng internal colonisation There was variation in the campatibility of M. anisopliae isolates with pesticides used on sugarcane, but certain isolates were highly compatible. Although some of the isolates of M. anisopliae were highly pathogenic and highly compatible with the pesticides tested, strain improvement to enhance epizootic potential may be appropriate. M. anisopliae has the potential to be an effective biological control agent of I. rubriceps.
Temporal changes in the pollinator fauna of tristylous Pontederia cordata, an aquatic plant

Temporal changes in the composition of the pollinator fauna of the tristylous aquatic plant Pontederia cordata were documented during the flowering seasons of 1982 and 1983. A total of 18 species of insects, mainly bumblebees, and a single species of hummingbird were observed visiting flowers during the 2-month flowering period. The abundance of pollinators within each season varied greatly, with highest densities corresponding to peak flowering in both years. Although overall abundance was similar each year, the diversity of species was greater in 1983 because of the addition of short-tongued bumblebees and the longer residency periods of other species. It is suggested that low summer rainfall in 1983 decreased flowering levels in terrestrial plant communities of the region, resulting in several bee species shifting their feeding onto P. cordata. The study demonstrates that changes in the structure of a plant's pollinator fauna occur over time and that despite the possession of a specialized pollination .
Diversity of Armillaria ostoyae in Scots pine plantations in Poland.

Incidence of Armillaria root disease and the population structure of associated Armillaria spp. were studied in 5-17-year-old Scots pine plantations in west-central Poland. Two infection centres (1.14– 9.30 ha) in each of three forest districts (Siemianice, Zielonka and Złotów) were intensively sampled. Root collars were examined for mycelial fans, decayed wood, and rhizomorphs. Twenty two isolates of Armillaria ostoyae collected from epiphytic rhizomorphs from 20 living and two dead trees in the six infection centres were identified with somatic incompatibility group. Only one somatic incompatibility group for A. ostoyae was found. Twenty one isolates produced rhizomorphs on oak-wood discs submerged in a sand-forest soil substrate. Isolates from Siemianice formed the smallest rhizomorph networks and those from Złotów the most abundant. There were 16 different genets among 22 isolates of A. ostoyae distinguished by RAPD analysis. Genetic similarity among genets was 25.6–97.5%. The large diversity in A. ostoyae suggests that sexual reproduction may occur in nature more often than expected. Additional key words: Armillaria ostoyae, diversity, genets, RAPD-PCR, rhizomorphs Addresses: W. Szewczyk, H. Kwaśna*, J. Behnke-Borowczyk, A. Ratajczak, A. Świetlik, Department of Forest Pathology, Faculty of Forestry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland, e-mail: kwasna@up.poznan. pl J. Bocianowski, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
Methods for the activation of the resting eggs of Daphnia

SUMMARY. 1. The conditions required to initiate development of resting eggs of thirty-six clones of Daphnia representing seven species were investigated. 2. The temperature of both dark incubation and subsequent light treatment are shown to affect hatch success. By varying these parameters the majority of resting eggs from each test clone were stimulated to develop. Arctic clones required a low hatching temperature (7°C), whereas clones from warmer climates hatched best at 14–21°C. 3. Variation in hatching cues existed between conspecific individuals from different collection sites. These differences suggest that research determining macro- and microgeographic patterns in hatching phenology would be fruitful.