Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unbalanced, Unfair, Unhappy, or Unable? Theoretical Integration of Multiple Processes Underlying the Leader Mistreatment-Employee CWB Relationship with Meta-Analytic Methods

Although a litany of theoretical accounts exists to explain why mistreated employees engage in counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs), little is known about whether these mechanisms are complementary or mutually exclusive, or the effect of context on their explanatory strength. To address these gaps, this meta-analytic investigation tests four theoretically-derived mechanisms simultaneously to explain the robust relationship between leader mistreatment and employee CWB: (1) a social exchange perspective, which argues that mistreated employees engage in negative reciprocal behaviors to counterbalance experienced mistreatment; (2) a justice perspective, whereby mistreated employees experience moral outrage and engage in retributive behaviors against the organization and its members; (3) a stressor-emotion perspective, which suggests that mistreated employees engage in CWBs to cope with their negative affect; and (4) a self-regulatory perspective, which proposes that mistreated employees are simply unable to inhibit undesirable behaviors. Moreover, we also examine whether the above model holds across cultures that vary on power distance. Our meta-analytic structural equation model demonstrated that all but the justice mechanism significantly mediated the relationship between leader mistreatment and employee CWBs, with negative affect emerging as the strongest explanatory mechanism in both high and low power distance cultures. Given these surprising results, as the stressor-emotion perspective is less frequently invoked in the literature, this paper highlights not only the importance of investigating multiple mechanisms together when examining the leader mistreatment-employee CWB relationship, but also the need to develop more nuanced theorizing about these mechanisms, particularly for negative affect.
Jamming Strategy Optimization through Dual Q-Learning Model against Adaptive Radar

Modern adaptive radars can switch work modes to perform various missions and simultaneously use pulse parameter agility in each mode to improve survivability, which leads to a multiplicative increase in the decision-making complexity and declining performance of the existing jamming methods. In this paper, a two-level jamming decision-making framework is developed, based on which a dual Q-learning (DQL) model is proposed to optimize the jamming strategy and a dynamic method for jamming effectiveness evaluation is designed to update the model. Specifically, the jamming procedure is modeled as a finite Markov decision process. On this basis, the high-dimensional jamming action space is disassembled into two low-dimensional subspaces containing jamming mode and pulse parameters respectively, then two specialized Q-learning models with interaction are built to obtain the optimal solution. Moreover, the jamming effectiveness is evaluated through indicator vector distance measuring to acquire the feedback for the DQL model, where indicators are dynamically weighted to adapt to the environment. The experiments demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method in learning radar joint strategy of mode switching and parameter agility, shown as improving the average jamming-to-signal radio (JSR) by 4.05% while reducing the convergence time by 34.94% compared with the normal Q-learning method.
The role of a graphical interpretation factor in the assessment of Spatial Visualization: A critical analysis

ABSTRACT Common tests of spatial skills do not simply test one’s ability to mentally manipulate shapes. Instead, many popular assessments depend on a separate ability to comprehend two-dimensional graphical depictions of three-dimensional objects. Two categories of evidence are presented: 1) a discussion of the visual problems present in the stimuli commonly used in spatial skills tests, and 2) a critical review of studies which have shown improved performance on spatial skills tests by making the stimuli either clearer or more realistic. We conclude that the graphical interpretation factor is likely an example of construct-irrelevant variance which may reduce the validity of spatial skills assessments and introduce bias in favor of individuals with past experience with a particular style of engineering graphics or individuals who leverage certain problem-solving strategies.
OPTIMALISASI ZAT GIZI PADA PROSES PERKECAMBAHAN PEMBUATAN TAOGE : Kajian Suhu Dan Lama Perendaman

Bean sprouts has high nutrition value, cheap, and easy to get. The making process of bean sprouts is very simple, that is by germination process. Germination process increases digestion power because germination is a catabolic process that serves important nutrition for plant growth by hydrolytic reaction of reserve nutrition in the seed. Germination is affected by the condition and place. The aim of this study is to know the effect of submergence water and the duration of submergence to the bean sprouts' quality and the increase of the nutrition of bean sprouts. The result of this research shows that the temperature of water and the duration of submergence gives different quality and different increase of the nutrition of bean sprouts (water degree, dust degree, rendemen, vitamin c, fat degree, reduction sugar degree, protein degree, and density). From the result of this research, it is expected to the increasing of food quality. So, it will be implicated to better health quality of the people.
Risk and Impact of Natural Hazards on a Road Network

This paper describes a study to investigate hazards with the potential to close the Desert Road section of New Zealand's major north-south road link, State Highway 1. The risks caused by snow and ice, volcanic eruptions and lahars, earthquakes, and traffic accidents were evaluated in terms of their expected frequency of occurrence and duration of road closure. The effects of road closures on traffic flow patterns were assessed using a traffic assignment model, with and without allowing for the elasticity of travel demand. A probability distribution for the annual economic impact of road closure was found for each hazard. The viability of various mitigation options for reducing the risk of road closure was assessed, using probability distributions of the benefit-cost ratio for the mitigation options.
Secondary School Teachers’ Perceptions of their Head Teachers Instructional Leadership and its Effect on Teachers’ Professional development in Karachi Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to ascertain secondary school teachers perceptions of their head teacher instruction leadership and its effect on their professional development because Lack of instructional leadership in secondary schools in Karachi Pakistan has been an attentive issue as it has remained a root cause of ineffective teaching practices in the schools, ultimately caused students’ low academic performance and poor quality of education. A quantitative research design with a survey technique was used to investigate teachers' perceptions of secondary school head teachers' instructional leadership and its effect on teacher professional development. Participants were chosen through a stratified random sampling technique, and data were collected from 374 secondary school teachers using the Instructional leadership (ILQ). Descriptive analysis was done through SPSS 22 and the Smart PLS was used for calculations, reliability, validity and hypothesis testing of the measurement and structural models. The findings of the current study revealed that secondary school teachers’ perceptions about their head teachers’ instructional leadership behaviours, as a curriculum implementer, and protecting their instructional time in the classroom have a significant and positive effect on teacher professional development. It is suggested that secondary school principals of Karachi, Pakistan should adopt and incorporate instructional leadership behaviours like; curriculum implementer, monitoring students’ progress and protecting their instructional time to improve secondary school teachers’ professional development.
Optimum Design of Electrode Arrangements in a Multilayer Piezo-Composite Disk for Control of Thermal Stress

This paper deals with a control problem of a thermal stress in a composite circular disk consisting of a structural layer onto which multiple piezoceramic layers with concentrically arranged electrodes are bonded. When a heating temperature distribution acts on the bottom surface of the structural layer, the maximum thermal stress in the structural layer is minimized by applying appropriate voltages to the electrodes. The stepwise voltage applied to each electrode is obtained by solving a linear programming problem when constrains are imposed on stresses in the piezoceramic layers. In order to decrease design variables such as the layer thicknesses and the number and dimensions of electrodes, an efficient method for the optimum design is developed. The structure of the composite disk as well as the electrode arrangement on each piezoceramic layer has been optimally designed so that performance of the stress control is maximized. Finally, it is seen from numerical results that the maximum thermal stress in the structure layer is reduced by 38.3% which is 4.6% higher than that obtained in the previous paper.
A Study on Urban Construction Land Expansion Mode in Fuzhou City

This paper took Fuzhou urban area as an example，which is provincial capital city of Fujian province. Data on the variation of construction land in Fuzhou were obtained by employing the statistic and analytic function of GIS on the spatial data from remote sensing image data in different periods. A new method based on the principle of convex hull was used in this paper, which is to define the types of urban land expansion by the proportion of the area located inside or outside the convex hull of a city’s outline. The results showed that, during the last 20 years，the area of construction land had almost doubled, from 84.1 km2 to 190.3 km2. Urban construction land expanded to 64.2 km2 with an average annual growth rate of 4.84%, which was more obvious during the 1988-2000 periods. On the whole, urban construction land expansion of Fuzhou city belonged to the ‘extension’ type, complementary to ‘infilling’ type. There are three patterns namely 1inear development, sprawl expansion and leapfrog expansion. Previous period, the city spread along two main traffic quickly in the north-south and east-west, latter period was the slow expansion of low-density infill.
Stabilising effects of different binders in some Swedish soils

In Sweden, lime and lime–cement have been used for several decades as stabilising agents in deep stabilisation of soft soils. More recently, other types of binder have come into use, but so far only to a limited extent. In order to gather experience about the effect of various binders, laboratory tests have been performed on different types of soil stabilised with a range of binders. Lime, cement, fly ash and blast furnace slag in different combinations together with different admixtures, such as gypsum, silica fume and calcium chloride, have been used in the investigations. The variation in strength with type of binder has been studied, and comparisons have also been made with results from some previous investigations using different binders. The tests showed that there is no optimal, universal binder for stabilisation of the soils. Whereas some binders are robust, yielding good results in most types of soil, there are also binders that produce very good results in certain soils but poor results in other.
Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of the Adult Human Soft Palate Muscles

The soft palate is the only structure that reversibly separates the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Most species can eat and breathe at the same time. Humans cannot do this and malfunction of the soft palate may allow food to enter the lungs and cause fatal aspiration pneumonia. Speech is the most defining characteristic of humans and the soft palate, along with the larynx and tongue, plays the key roles. In addition, palatal muscles are involved in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Considering the significance of the soft palate, its function is insufficiently understood. The objectives of this study were to document morphometric and immunohistochemical characteristics of adult human soft palate muscles, including fiber size, the fiber type, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition for better understanding muscle functions. In this study, 15 soft palates were obtained from human autopsies. The palatal muscles were separated, cryosectioned, and stained using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The results showed that there was a fast type II predominance in the musculus uvulae and palatopharyngeus and a slow type I predominance in the levator veli palatine. Approximately equal proportions of type I and type II fibers existed in both the palatoglossus and tensor veli palatine. Soft palate muscles also contained hybrid fibers and some specialized myofibers expressing slow-tonic and embryonic MyHC isoforms. These findings would help better understand muscle functions.
Technology Adoption - Voices of Teaching Academics, Educational Designers and Students

This institutional case study examined the adoption of web-based technologies by teaching academics at Monash University, Australia and found a range of facilitating and impeding factors that influence adoption. The thesis also analysed the readiness of learners to use web-based technologies for learning, and the expansion of educational designers' roles due to technology adoption.
Effects of control automation on operator attention and risk probability in high speed trains

In high speed rail systems automation is used as a means to compensate for the sensory, perceptual and cognitive limitations of the human operator. At the design level two approaches can be implemented for the operation of such vehicles that span the whole range of automation in use: a. Fully manual operation of the train with decision aiding, such as preview and advisory displays, assisting in human decision. In such an approach the locomotive engineer actually controls the vehicle. b. Fully automated operation of the train. In this approach the automated system drives the train and the human operator's role is shifted to that of the supervisor that monitors the proper functioning of the automation. While the latter approach seems promising there are major safety concerns related to the so-called 'out-of-the-loop' problem, namely the human operator's inability to promptly intervene and act correctly in case of an unexpected event as a result of vigilance decrement, loss of situation awareness and over-reliance on automation. Consequently one of the focal points of the current research was to determine the appropriate use of automation in high speed rail systems. For the purposes of the current research the Volpe High Speed Train Simulator was used. It exhibits three control modes: fully manual, cruise, and fully automated control. These three levels of automation were compared with regard to their effects on vigilance decrement and situation awareness of the human operator. Vigilance decrement was determined by measuring responses of the human operator in a set of emergency scenarios. Since each emergency scenario represented a different type of detection-response paradigm conclusions were drawn about system design. Situation awareness measurements were conducted using the "freezing the simulation" technique (Endsley, 1994). The fully automated mode (autopilot) was found to have the best detection rate and least vigilance decrement over time compared with the rest of the control modes. It also had generally superior situation awareness except for speed awareness in which cruise and manual control outperformed the autopilot. Additionally while the autopilot was associated with less workload as far as system monitoring was concerned, it imposed greater stress when reacting to an obstruction. High speeds reduce the allowable time of the vehicle operator to respond to an emergency, thus increasing the risk probability of the system. A probabilistic theory-known as Markov Renewal Theory-was utilized for the purpose of quantifying and tracing the time path of those probabilities. Exposition of …
The Impact of Teacher Feedback on Students’ Academic Performance: A Mediating Role of Self-efficacy

Introduction A teacher’s feedback is considered an essential component of teaching and learning process that motivates the students and provides them with the direction to achieve high level of academic performance (Mandhane, Ansari & Shaikh, 2015). The constructive feedback provides awareness and facilitates students to identify their areas for further improvement and encourages them to enhance their practices and efforts towards learning and teaching activities. However, Hamid and Mahmood (2010) contend that there is limited knowledge on the concept of constructive feedback process and its importance in Pakistani educational institutions. Furthermore, Kashif, Rahman, Mustafa and Basharat (2014) explored that a teacher’s evaluative feedback is not paid much attention in the field of education in under developing countries like Pakistan. Hafeez and Wahaja (2014) have claimed that corrective feedback is not taken under consideration in Pakistan’s ongoing educational system. Written feedback is used as a tool of guideline to improve students’ work without discussing the identified mistakes and errors in the assigned assignments. RESEARCH PAPER The Impact of Teacher Feedback on Students’ Academic Performance: A Mediating Role of Self-efficacy
Evaluation of phosphate sorption capacity and external phosphorus requirement of some agricultural soils of the southwestern Ethiopian highlands

One of the most soil fertility management problems for crop production on acidic soils of the Ethiopian highlands is phosphorus fixation. The research was executed to assess the P-sorption capacity and to determine the external P requirement of different acidic soils in the Southwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Phosphorus sorption capacity (Kf) and its relation with selected soil characteristics were assessed for some major agricultural soils in the Ethiopian highlands to answer the questions, ‘What are the amount of P-sorption capacity and external P requirement of Nitisols, Luvisols, Alisols, and Andosols in Ethiopia? ’. Twelve surface soil samples (at depth of 0-30 cm) were gathered and the P-sorption capacity was estimated. Phosphorus-sorption data were obtained by equilibrating 1 g of the 12 soil samples with 25 ml of KH2PO4 in 0.01 M CaCl2, having 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, and 330 mg P L-1 for 24 hours. The data were adjusted to the Freundlich adsorption model and the relationship among P-sorption and soil characteristics was established by correlation analysis. Clay content and exchangeable acidity, organic matter, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 oxides have affected phosphorus-sorption at a significance level of (P < 0.05). Alisols had the highest Kf value (413 mg kg-1) but Nitisols had the lowest Kf (280 mg kg-1). The external phosphorus fertilizer requirement of the soils was in the order of 25, 30, 32, and 26 mg P kg-1 for Nitisols, Luvisols, Alisols, and Andosols sequentially. The Kf varies among different soil types of the study area. The magnitude of the soil’s Kf was affected by the pH of the soil, soil OM content, and oxides of Fe and Al. Therefore, knowledge of the soils’ P retention capacity is highly crucial to determine the correct rate of P fertilizer for crop production.
Heat Exposure and Physiological Changes among Cooks

Cooks who are exposed to heat produced from stoves when working in the kitchen are at risk of thermal stress and heat-related illness. Physiological changes such as increased heart rate, sweat production and blood pressure may also affect them. This study aimed to determine the area heat exposure levels and physiological changes including core body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate during pre-, mid- and post-shift among cooks and its association, and to compare the mean difference of physiological changes between the shifts. This cross-sectional study utilised the purposive sampling method and recruited 30 cooks from food stalls and cafeterias in Kelantan. Area heat measurements were collected from 14 sites (7 inside and 7 outside the USM Health Campus). Wet-bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) monitor was mounted on a tripod at 1.1 m height near the source of heat for 8 hours. The core body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate were taken three times per day during pre-, mid- and post-shift for physiological changes measurement. Respondents’ personal information, health history, work description, and symptoms of heat-related illness were collected using a questionnaire. The overall WBGT area levels at each sampling site were homogeneously distributed. There was significant increase in core body temperature and heart rate from pre-shift to post-shift. However, there was no significant correlation (p>0.05) between heat exposure (WBGT index) established with the physiological changes. This may suggest that the increase in core body temperature and heart rate might be attributed to other factors and needed further investigation.
Relationship between Management Accounting and Business Efficiency - the Intermediate Role of Management Efficiency: A Case Study of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Management accounting is a reliable source of information in business activities. However, up to now, there have not been many complete and systematic studies on the factors affecting and the interaction between the implementation of management accounting and the business performance of enterprises. This is a challenging issue for policymakers and business managers. This study, using data from a survey of 370 SMEs in the Mekong Delta, applied the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling in the analysis. The research results show that there is a positive linear relationship between management accounting and business efficiency of enterprises through the intermediate factors of management efficiency. Factors affecting the implementation of management accounting include enterprise size, market competition, business owner awareness, and professional qualification of the accounting team.
Determination and risk assessment of heavy metals in air dust fall particles

Background: Urban and industrial development has increased the concentration of heavy metals in various environments, and also, increased their amount in dust fall particles. The aim of this study was to determine and assess the risk of heavy metals in air dust fall particles. Methods: Sampling of air dust fall particles was performed using the British model Dust Fall Jar devices. Heavy metals concentrations in the samples were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer device. Then, the risk assessment of heavy metals in air dust fall was calculated by three indicators including enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and integrated pollution index (IPI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Excel 2016 software. Results: Zn was the most abundant heavy metal. The results of EF index showed that the highest degree of enrichment of dust fall particles with heavy metals is related to Ag and the lowest one is related to Cr. Also, the changes of Mean of both Igeo and IP indicators were as Ag > Pb > Zn > Cd > Cu > Co > Cr. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that Cr metal is originated from the earth and other metals are of man-made origin and are mainly due to the emissions of vehicles and industries. Also, on average, the samples had very low pollution in relation to all metals. Although the amount of pollution caused by heavy metals has not exceeded the allowable limits, but considering industrial development programs in the region, continuous measures to control air pollution caused by industries, are absolutely necessary.