Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The stabilizing role of bonding agents on the entrainment of sediment by wind

Well sorted fine sand pretreated with varying concentrations of two soluble salts (MgCl2 and CaCl2) was tested for threshold shear velocity in a recirculating wind tunnel. These tests demonstrate that even relatively low surface salt concentrations can significantly increase threshold shear velocity. However, the relationships between surface salt concentration and threshold shear velocity for the two salts were not significantly different, which is similar to the results for monovalent chlorides presented by Nickling & Ecclestone. A general relationship between threshold shear velocity and total, surface soluble salt content is presented.
Perceptions and correlates of pubic hair removal and grooming among college-aged women: a mixed methods approach.

UNLABELLED Background Although much is known about behavioural indicators of pubic hair removal, current research lacks deeper cognitive reasoning and understanding through utilising quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe and understand pubic hair removal behaviours using a quantitative survey; and (2) examine the relationship between pubic hair removal, sexual behaviours and genital self-image using in-depth interviews. METHODS Data were collected from women aged 18-24 years living in the United States. Overall, 663 participants completed an online survey and 53 completed in-depth interviews. Questions asked related to pubic hair removal and sexual history. RESULTS Participants removed hair for hygiene, comfort and sensation purposes, which was a personal decision influenced by family, friends and the media. Race, pubic hair removal initiation age, genital image and sexual behaviours were significantly related to pubic hair removal. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study prove that further education regarding safe pubic hair removal methods is needed, especially for those who initiate pubic hair removal and sexual behaviours concurrently.
Paleothermometry by control methods

Abstract The recovery of past climatic conditions from ice-sheet borehole temperatures can best be accomplished using the calculus of variations (control methods) to minimize mismatch between the observed profile and a solution of the heat equation which depends on the unknown climate history. Here, we use control methods and a simple one-dimensional heat equation and the temperature depth profile observed at Dye-3 to infer the surface temperature of south Greenland over the last 30 000 years. This history illustrates the virtues that recommend control methods for future use in borehole-temperature analysis, namely: (i) it meets objective performance criteria, and (ii) its uncertainty can be established quantitatively. Our inferred climate history displays what may be the Younger Dryas cold event at about 9000 years BP. Borehole paleothermometry by control methods may thus resolve the controversy concerning the interpretation of Greenland ice-core isotope records.
Critical Issues in Ecotourism: understanding a complex tourism phenomenon

1 - Ecotourism: Competing and conflicting schools of thought by James Higham Part I. Generic issues in ecotourism 2 - Definition paradoxes: From concept to definition by Peter Bjork 3 - Ecotourism as a western construct by Erlet Cater 4 - Ecotourism and Global Environmental Change by Stefan Gossling 5 - Ecotourism, energy use and the global climate - widening the local perspective by Susanne Becken and Matthias Schellhorn 6 - Ecotourism and biosecurity by C. Michael Hall. 7 - Ecotourism: Pondering the paradoxes by James Higham and Michael Luck 8 - Against the current: Striving for ethical ecotourism by Agnes Nowaczek, Cesar Moran-Cahusac and David Fennell 9 - The role of sustainable tourism in international development: Prospects for economic growth, alleviation of poverty, and environmental conservation by Megan Epler Wood 10 - Ecotourism and gender issues by Regina Scheyvens 11 - Ecotourism, CSR, and the fourth dimension of sustainability by Pam Wight Part II. Critical issues in ecotourism policy, planning and management 12 - Scaling Ecotourism: The role of scale in understanding the impacts of ecotourism by C. Michael Hall 13 - Defining critical habitats: The spatio-ecological approach to managing tourism-wildlife interactions by James Higham and David Lusseau 14 - Ecotourism and wildlife habituation by Eric Shelton and James Higham 15 - Ecotourism and biodiversity conservation in Asia: Institutional challenges and opportunities by Janet Cochrane 16 - Indigenous ecotourism: Conservation and resource rights by Heather Zeppel 17 - Indigenous perspectives on ecotourism in Nepal: The Ghale Kharka-Sikles and Sirubari experience by Sanjay K. Nepal 18 - China: Ecotourism and cultural tourism: Harmony or dissonance? By Trevor Sofield 19 - Ecotourism certification: Potential and challenges by Xavier Font 20 - Negotiating the obstacles: Owner/operator perspectives on 'nature' tourism in New Zealand by Anna Carr 21 - Critical issues in ecotourism: Which school of thought should prevail? By James Higham
Gestation Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous ( (cid:1) )-Methamphetamine in Rats

: We tested the hypothesis that differences in ( (cid:1) )-methamphet-amine (METH) disposition during late rat pregnancy could lead to increased vulnerability to acute METH effects. The disposition of a single 1 mg/kg i.v. METH dose was studied during early (gestation day 7, GD7) and late (GD21) gestation. Results showed gestation time-dependent pharmacokinetics, characterized by a significantly higher area under the METH serum concentration versus time curve and a lower clearance on GD21 ( p < 0.05; total, renal, and nonrenal clearance). The terminal elimination half-life ( t 1/2 (cid:2) z ) of METH and ( (cid:1) )-amphetamine (AMP; a pharmacologically active metabolite of METH) were not different on GD7, but by GD21, AMP t 1/2 (cid:2) z was 37% longer than METH t 1/2 (cid:2) z ( p < 0.05). To identify the mechanism for AMP metabolite changes, intravenous AMP pharmacokinetics on GD21 were compared with AMP metabolite pharmacokinetics after intravenous METH. The intravenous AMP t 1/2 (cid:2) z was significantly shorter than metabolite AMP t 1/2 (cid:2) z ( p < 0.05), which suggested AMP metabolite formation (not elimination) was the rate-limiting process. To understand the medical consequence of METH use during late-stage pregnancy, timed-pregnant rats received an intravenous dose of saline or METH (1, 3, or 5.6 mg/kg) on GD21, 0 to 2 days antepartum. Although one rat died and another had stillbirths at term after the 5.6-mg/kg dose, the pharmacokinetic values for all of the other animals were not significantly different. In conclusion, late-gestational clearance reductions lengthen METH exposure time, possibly increasing susceptibility to adverse effects, including death. on GD7 and GD21. If any of the parameters were found to be significant, a Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test was conducted. In addition, a t test was performed on each pharmacokinetic parameter of METH and AMP after an intravenous bolus dose of 1 mg/kg METH on GD7 or GD21. Finally, statistical comparisons were made using a t test for METH and AMP pharmacokinetic parameters after an intravenous bolus dose of 1 mg/kg METH or an equimolar dose of AMP on GD21. ANOVA and t tests were conducted with SigmaStat version 2.03 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). For all analyses, a value of p (cid:9) 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Rocket measurements of O2 atmospheric and OH Meinel Bands in the airglow

Altitude distributions of the (0, 0) 7619-A band of O2 atmospheric system (b¹Σg+ -, X3Σg−) and the (7, 2) 6863-A band of OH (X²Π) in the night airglow emissions were measured at 31°N latitude. In spite of the different seasons and local times of the observations, all three measurements presented the peak emission rate occurring at an altitude of 94±1 km for the O2 band and at 90±2 km for the OH band. The former emitting altitude is in basic agreement with the atomic oxygen density profile as measured by using an O I 1300-A resonance lamp, but the latter is considerably higher than expected from relevant theoretical models. After examining various possible causes for this discrepancy, it seems that the continuum airglow may contaminate our observations of the OH airglow.
Two new mites from the rocky shore of North Auckland

Summary Hydrogamasus kensleri n.sp. and Fortuynia elamellata n.sp. are described from rock crevices on the upper shore at three localities in North Auckland. The taxonomic relationships of Fortuynia, and the zoogeographical relationships of the known littoral cryptostigmatic mites of New Zealand are briefly discussed.
The drainage of Lake Ojibway in glaciolacustrine sediments of northern Ontario and Quebec, Canada

Physical evidence for the drainage of glacial lakes remains relatively rare in depositional records, giving rise to much debate on the location of outlets and discharge pathways, as well as on the climate impact of the attendant meltwater forcing. Lake Ojibway developed following the withdrawal of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in northern Ontario and Quebec, Canada. The late‐stage evolution of this large ice‐dammed lake was influenced by the complex dynamics of the retreating ice margin, which highly complicates the identification of the termination of Lake Ojibway in glaciolacustrine sediment records. Here, we document the composition of sections of rhythmites that contain in their upper part an anomalously thick and whitish bed (10–15 cm) that is in turn overlain by ∼1 m of faintly bedded rhythmites. Grain‐size analyses showed that the thick whitish bed consists primarily of fine to coarse silt (2–63 μm), contrasting with the lower and upper rhythmites that are largely dominated by clay (<2 μm). The detrital carbonate content of the thick silt bed is characterized by consistently high values (2.5 to 2.8%), whereas the bounding rhythmites show lower and highly variable values. Oxygen isotope measurements further show a marked change going from typical glacial meltwater values (∼ −29.6 to −27.7‰; VSMOW) for the lower rhythmites and the silt bed to modern‐like meteoric values (−18.4 to −14.6‰) for the uppermost rhythmites. These data suggest that this marker bed may be associated with a major drawdown event that possibly corresponds to the final drainage of Lake Ojibway. AMS radiocarbon dating of ostracods extracted from the drainage bed also documents an important hardwater effect within the Ojibway basin.
Pore‐scale trapping of supercritical CO2 and the role of grain wettability and shape

The capillary trapping of supercritical CO2 (s‐CO2) is postulated to comprise up to 90% of permanently trapped CO2 injected during geologic sequestration. Successive s‐CO2/brine flooding experiments under reservoir conditions showed that water‐wet rounded beads trapped 15% of injected s‐CO2 both as clusters and as individual ganglia, whereas CO2‐wet beads trapped only 2% of the injected s‐CO2 as minute pockets in pore constrictions. Angular water‐wet grains trapped 20% of the CO2 but flow was affected by preferential flow. Thus, capillary trapping is a viable mechanism for the permanent CO2 storage, but its success is constrained by the media wettability.
Random Wave Measurements in Front of Reflective Structures

The changes in the wave spectrum and significant wave height near a reflective structure are investigated. Significant wave-height measurements with a one wave gauge show a standing wave pattern near the structure, extending offshore to about two times the spectral-peak wavelength for a JONSWAP incidental wave spectrum. The measured spectra also reveal a pattern of nodal and antinodal frequencies, even to much larger distances from the structure. These findings are in agreement with results from linear wave theory. Multigauge techniques can be used to discriminate between incident and reflected waves. Despite the standing wave pattern these techniques can be used to determine the incident wave height accurately up close to the structure—the distance being limited by the extend of the evanescent wave modes attached to the structure.
ABLOS: ATP-binding loop of sulfonylurea receptor

: ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K ATP ) are energy sensors that participate in a range of physiological processes. These channels are also clinically validated drug targets. For decades, K ATP inhibitors are prescribed for diabetes and K ATP activators are used for the treatment of hypoglycemia, hypertension, and hair loss. In this Emerging Concepts article, we highlight our
Long-term results of a three arms prospective cohort study on implants in periodontally compromised patients: 10-year data around sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) implants in patients previously treated for periodontitis and in periodontally healthy patients (PHP). MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and forty-nine partially edentulous patients were consecutively enrolled in private specialist practice and divided into three groups according to their periodontal condition: PHP, moderately periodontally compromised patients (PCP) and severely PCP. Implants were placed to support fixed prostheses, after successful completion of initial periodontal therapy. At the end of active periodontal treatment (APT), patients were asked to follow an individualized supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) program. Diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant biological complications were performed according to cumulative interceptive supportive therapy (CIST). At 10 years, clinical and radiographic measures were recorded by two calibrated operators, blind to the initial patient classification, on 123 patients, as 26 were lost to follow up. The number of sites treated according to therapy modalities C and D (antibiotics and/or surgery) during the 10 years was registered. RESULTS Six implants were removed for biological complications. The implant survival rate was 100% for PHP, 96.9% for moderate PCP and 97.1% for severe PCP. Antibiotic and/or surgical therapy was performed in 18.8% of cases in PHP, in 52.2% of cases in moderate PCP and in 66.7% cases in severe PCP, with a statistically significant differences between PHP and both PCP groups. At 10 years, the percentage of implants, with at least one site that presented a PD ≥ 6 mm, was, respectively, 0% for PHP, 9.4% for moderate PCP and 10.8% for severe PCP, with a statistically significant difference between PHP and both PCP groups. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that SLA implants, placed under a strict periodontal control, offer predictable long-term results. Nevertheless, patients with a history of periodontitis, who did not fully adhere to the SPT, presented a statistically significant higher number of sites that required additional surgical and/or antibiotic treatment. Therefore, patients should be informed, from the beginning, of the value of the SPT in enhancing long-term outcomes of implant therapy, particularly those affected by periodontitis.
Generalizability of Treatment Outcome Prediction in Major Depressive Disor‐ der Using Structural MRI: A NeuroPharm Study Using MRI: A

Brain morphology has been suggested to be predictive of drug treatment outcome in major depressive disorders (MDD). The current study aims at evaluating the performance of pretreatment structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in predicting the outcome of a drug treatment of MDD in a large single-site cohort, and, importantly, to assess the generalizability of these findings in an independent cohort. The random forest, boosted trees, support vector machines and elastic net classifiers were evaluated in predicting treatment response and remission following an eight week drug treatment of MDD using structural brain measures derived with FastSurfer (FreeSurfer). Models were trained and tested within a nested cross-validation framework using the NeuroPharm dataset (n=79, treatment: escitalopram); their generalizability was assessed using an independent clinical dataset, EMBARC (n=64, treatment: sertraline). Prediction of antidepressant treatment response in the Neuropharm cohort was statistically significant for the random forest (p=0.048), whereas none of the models could significantly predict remission. Furthermore, none of the models trained using the entire NeuroPharm dataset could significantly predict treatment outcome in the EMBARC dataset. Although our primary findings in the NeuroPharm cohort support some, but limited value in using pretreatment structural brain MRI to predict drug treatment outcome in MDD, the models did not generalize to an independent cohort suggesting limited clinical applicability. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing model generalizability for establishing clinical utility.
A Deterministic Analysis of an Online Convex Mixture of Expert Algorithms

We analyze an online learning algorithm that adaptively combines outputs of two constituent algorithms (or the experts) running in parallel to model an unknown desired signal. This online learning algorithm is shown to achieve (and in some cases outperform) the mean-square error (MSE) performance of the best constituent algorithm in the mixture in the steady-state. However, the MSE analysis of this algorithm in the literature uses approximations and relies on statistical models on the underlying signals and systems. Hence, such an analysis may not be useful or valid for signals generated by various real life systems that show high degrees of nonstationarity, limit cycles and, in many cases, that are even chaotic. In this paper, we produce results in an individual sequence manner. In particular, we relate the time-accumulated squared estimation error of this online algorithm at any time over any interval to the time accumulated squared estimation error of the optimal convex mixture of the constituent algorithms directly tuned to the underlying signal in a deterministic sense without any statistical assumptions. In this sense, our analysis provides the transient, steady-state and tracking behavior of this algorithm in a strong sense without any approximations in the derivations or statistical assumptions on the underlying signals such that our results are guaranteed to hold. We illustrate the introduced results through examples.
River Temperature Modelling by Strahler Order at the Regional Scale in the Loire River Basin, France

Daily water temperature was simulated at a regional scale during the summer period using a simplified model based on the equilibrium temperature concept. The factors considered were heat exchanges at the water/atmosphere interface and groundwater inputs. The selected study area was the Loire River basin (110 000 km2), which displays contrasted meteorological, hydrological and geomorphological features. To capture the intra‐basin variability of relevant physical factors driving the hydrological and thermal response of the system, the modelling approach combined a semi‐distributed hydrological model, simulating the daily discharge at the outlet of 68 subwatersheds (drainage area between 100 and 3700 km2), and a thermal model, simulating the average daily water temperature for each Strahler order in each subwatershed. Simulations at 67 measurement stations revealed a median root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.9°C in summer between 2000 and 2006. Water temperature at stations located more than 100 km from their headwater was adequately simulated (median RMSE < 1.5°C; −0.5°C < median biases < 0.5°C). However, performance for rivers closer to their source varied because of the averaging of geomorphological and hydrological features across all the tributaries with the same Strahler order in a subwatershed, which tended to mask the specific features of the tributaries. In particular, this increased the difficulty of simulating the thermal response of groundwater‐fed rivers during the hot spells of 2003. This modelling by coupling subwatershed and Strahler order for temperature simulations is less time‐consuming and has proven to be extremely consistent for large rivers, where the addition of streambed inputs is adequate to describe the effect of groundwater inputs on their thermal regime. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re: “Twelve-Year Experience of Lester Jones Tubes—Results and Comparison of Three Different Tube Types”

To the Editor: We read with interest the article entitled “Twelve-Year Experience of Lester Jones Tubes—Results and Comparison of Three Different Tube Types” by Laura Bagdonaite and Andrew Pearson. According to the authors, the newly introduced StopLoss Jones tubes seem to “prevent the previously common problem of extrusion,” with the lowest overall complication rate compared with the regular and the frosted Jones tubes. It is probably by mere chance that in the same issue of the journal, a separate article assessed the presence of biofilm on lacrimal silicone stents and demonstrated that by 4 weeks after surgery 100% of the stents demonstrated evidence of biofilm formation. The StopLoss Jones tube is basically a regular Jones tube with the addition of a flexible internal silicone flange. Logical thinking dictates that this intuitive design would reduce the rate of extrusion, and indeed this concurs with the authors’ findings that “the risk of extrusion for both frosted and plain tubes was significantly higher than for” StopLoss tubes. Infection is a frequently overlooked complication after Jones tube placement and is less common than extrusion, but we are concerned that because of the very nature (silicone) and location (inside the nasal cavity) of the flange of Stoploss tubes, a biofilm from the nasal microbial flora may easily collect around this silicone flange which could potentially act as a depot for bacteria and fungi, with the tube lumen subsequently acting as a successful conduit for this flora to reach the ocular surface. An additional significant cause for concern is that the longest follow-up period for the StopLoss tubes was much shorter than the other 2 groups (25 months vs. 108 and 60 months, respectively). While all silastic tubes will eventually be removed decreasing the possibility of an overt clinical infection, all Jones tube at least in theory are of a more permanent nature and a longer follow-up is needed to alleviate this concern.