Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multisensory Learning Approach: Impacts on Phonological Awareness among Young ESL Learners in a Rural Setting

English is de facto global and primary lingua franca. English is proven to be a prolific communication tool and a language of choice used by speakers of diverse native languages across the globe to communicate. In Malaysia, English is taught and learned as a second language due to its importance and status in Malaysian society. However, the worrying state of English language literacy in rural settings, particularly in Malaysia, needs to be addressed to bridge the existing gap on language literacy between urban and rural dwellers, especially among young ESL learners. Reading impediment among young learners has been known to be due to a lack of knowledge in phonological awareness – syllable awareness, onset-rime awareness and phonemic awareness. This study employs a quasi-experimental study to investigate this phenomenon. It evaluates the effects of multisensory learning approach (P.A. Multiscape Application and low-technology modalities) on phonological awareness in a primary school in Maludam, Sarawak with 30 treatment and 30 comparison samples. Results revealed that students in the treatment group made significant gains in syllable awareness (d = 2.74), onset-rime awareness (d= 2.20), and phonemic awareness (d= 2.56). Results suggested that the use of the multisensory learning approach was promising and effective in enhancing phonological awareness among young ESL children.
Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 Residues in Raw Cow Milk at Al- Riyadh Area with Reference to Some Detoxification Applications

This study was carried out to evaluate the levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in sixty raw cow milk samples collected from different farms at AlRiyadh area, Saudi Arabia, besides reviewing the reduction effects of some detoxification methods on it. Results of the field study revealed that the mean concentration of AFM1 was 0.185 ±0.0181 ppb. On the other hand, 43 (71.7%), out of 60 examined samples, contained AFM1 residues in levels exceeded the EU maximum limit for raw milk (0.05 μg/l). Meanwhile 32 (53.3%), out of 60 samples, surpassed the Gulf maximum limit for raw milk (0.2 μg/l). For experimental study, negative milk samples for AFM1 were mixed and divided into 4 main groups which inoculated with 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 μg/l AFM1 standard respectively. Each group subdivided into 4 subgroups of 5 samples (100 ml each). The 1 subgroup let as control, the 2 subgroup undergo pasteurization at 65°C for 30 minutes following by sudden cooling at 4°C, the 3 subgroup treated by boiling at about 100°C for 10 minutes; while, the 4 one exposed to microwave radiation for 2 minutes in microwave oven at high energy level. The obtained results exhibited a significant reduction in AFM1 concentrations by all treatment methods comparing with the actual positive control levels. The reduction rate were ranked as follow: microwave radiation exposure (52.08%) > boiling treatment (23.93%) > pasteurization treatment (12.90%). Accordingly, microwave irradiation of AFM1 contaminated cow milk may be valuable to reduce its levels and subsequently minimize its hazardous on the public health. [Yosef, T.A. ; AlJulaifi, M.Z. ; Salah-El-Dein W.M. and AL-Rizqi, A.M. Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 Residues in Raw Cow Milk at AlRiyadh Area with Reference to Some Detoxification Applications. Life Sci J 2013;10(1): 3365-3369 ]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 427
Malaysian University Undergraduates' Perceptions towards Comprehensive Online Instructions amidst COVID-19

The global pandemic COVID-19 has halted all face-to-face educational meetings and shut down academic institutions. Educational activities, are therefore, undertaken remotely at the safe comfort of individuals' home. This unprecedented situation calls for a research on university students' perceptions and their readiness for comprehensive online instructions. Thus, this study primarily aims to investigate these issues further. The questionnaire was distributed to the students in higher institutions in Malaysia through the link of Google Form. Findings indicated that students' readiness for online learning is not optimal, and they require a lot of support from universities and lecturers in areas of financial assistance, internet accessibility, timely feedback on assessments and constant academic engagement. However, there is an indication that suggests students studying at research universities (RUs) have more positive perceptions towards online instructions, than those in non-research universities (NRUs) - which might be due to RUs' better establishment of learning facilities, equipment, resources and pedagogical approaches. In ensuring continuity of learning amidst this trying time, the pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning must change. All stakeholders from practitioners, students, parents and families, government and private sectors, education markets, academic institutions and the public at large must be responsible and contribute to realising the best possible online learning environment for the current and future generation of learners.
Collaborative translation in translator training

Collaboration is generally understood as a form of working together between people,1 specifically in order to produce something, the latter distinguishing it from cooperation. Collaboration may take place in many domains. In translation-related domains, it may occur as, for example, collaborative translation, collaborative learning, or collaborative evaluation. In this article, I will focus on collaborative translation. The concept of “collaboration in translation” in the form of collaborative translation is highly relevant for translator training and fits well in Kiraly’s (2000, 2004, 2016) socio-constructivist approach to translator training with its emergentist perspective on learning. The term is not clear-cut in Translation Studies and may refer to “collaboration” but also to “cooperation”. In this article, I will look into the various definitions of collaboration and collaborative translation given in Translation Studies as well as in general usage and education, and distil a set of defining features for both terms. Finally, I will discuss a number of options for implementing collaborative translation in translator training.
SPECIFICITYOF TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY AS COMPARED TO HYSTEROSCOPY IN PATIENTS OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING

the hysteroscopy holds the gold standard investigation , being invasive ,costly and more skillful makes it a second choice amongst gynaecologist , TVS can be useful in OPD settings for evaluation prior to any invasive investigation , in our study we found that in perimenopausal women the investigation was significantly effective in evaluating AUB . ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Gynaecology TO STUDY THE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITYOF TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY AS COMPARED TO HYSTEROSCOPY IN PATIENTS OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
EFFECT OF SPERMIDINE AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN SOME GROWTH TRAITS FOR WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CULTIVAR

The experiment was conducted in the field of Ibn Al-Bitar preparatory school in Al-Husseiniya, 12 km north of Karbala province for the winter season (2016-2017) to study the effect of spermidine and Organic Fertilizer in Some Growth traits for Wheat cultivar (IPA 99) according to the arrangement of split-plots, with three replicates within the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The main plots included organic fertilizer at four levels (0, 2, 4, 6 tons.ha), which are symbolized by (A1, A2, A3), respectively. The sub-plot contained on the spermidine concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 mg.L), which are symbolized by (S0, S1, S2, S3). The spraying was conducted using a 20 L sprayer in two stages (the beginning of the Tillering stage and booting stage). The study showed the following results: 1. The Fertilizer treatment at level (6 tons.ha) was excelled in the traits of plant height, the area of flag leaf and the leaves content of chlorophyll by giving it (92.64 cm, 53.15 cm, 42.01 spads), respectively. 2. The concentration of spermidine (75 mg.L) was excelled for all traits, especially for the above traits, the duration of grain filling and a number of tillers per plant by giving it (86.61 cm, 50.30 cm, 40.23 spads, 6.13, 37.00 days), respectively. 3. The interaction treatment (6 tons.ha × 75 mg.L) was excelled for all traits by giving it (99.67 cm, 58.93 cm, 7.33, 42.73, 39.67 days) for plant height, the area of flag leaf, number of tillers per plants, the leaves content of chlorophyll, and the duration of grain filling, respectively.
İSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY M.Sc. Thesis by Işıl KABACAOĞLU Department : Chemical Engineering Programme : Chemical Engineering JUNE 2011 GAS SORPTION IN 3,5-DIAMINOBENZOIC ACID (DABA) BASED POLYIMIDES

Polyimides especially aromatic ones are promising materials for gas separation applications due to their outstanding thermal and separation properties which depend on chemical structure. Molecular simulation techniques can be used to obtain theoretical understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and the transport behavior of polyimide membranes. The objective of this study is to predict structure-property and structure-solubility relationships of polyimides at the atomistic level. In accordance with this purpose, structural properties and sorption behaviors of a copolyimide and its polyimides were estimated by using molecular simulation techniques. The polyimides and the copolyimide are comprised of 4,4hexafluoroisopropylidene-diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 3,3’,4,4’-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) as dianhyrides and 3,5diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) as diamine. The simulations were carried out using the Accelrys Materials Studio software, with all molecular interactions being modeled using the COMPASS force field. The simulation cells of 6FDA-DABA, BTDA-DABA and 6FDA/BTDA-DABA polyimides were constructed and structural properties were estimated with the help of the analysis tools available in the software. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations were applied to estimate the sorption of CO2, CH4, O2, N2, propane and propylene molecules at different temperatures and pressures. Comparison of estimated structural properties with available experimental data in the literature revealed a disagreement for BTDA-DABA. Based on the disagreement, the synthesis and characterization of BTDA-DABA were carried out. The polyimide is characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide angle x-ray diffraction WA-XRD analyses. Results obtained from experimental study of BTDA-DABA are close to our estimations and also the structural properties of 6FDA-DABA are in good agreement with the data available in the literature. Although polyimides and copolyimide show close structural properties fractional free volume, cohesive energy density, radius of gyration of BTDA-DABA are higher. The glass transition temperature of BTDADABA is higher than that value of 6FDA-DABA. The carbonyl bridge of BTDA is considered to be more rigid than hexafluoroisopropylidene bridge of 6FDA. Interchain spacings of 6FDA based polyimide and copolyimide are higher because of bulky bridging group. Except glass transition temperature, structural properties of 6FDA/BTDA-DABA is between its corresponding polyimides. Solubility of N2, O2, CO2 and CH4 in BTDA-DABA matrix and solubility of C3H6 and C3H8 in copolyimide matrix is higher. Ideal solubility selectivities of 6FDA-DABA in O2/N2, CO2/CH4 and C3H6/C3H8 systems are higher than others. The swelling of 6FDA/BTDA-DABA is stronger than its corresponding polyimides after CO2, C3H6
Analysis of Local Rice Supply in Togo from Data in Cross Sections

Togolese agriculture contributes about 40% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs more than 60% of the active population and remains the mainstay of Togo's economic growth. Despite this important share of agriculture in the national economy, domestic production of rice is not consistent to meet the demand for this food by the population. This paper analyzes how Togolese farmers can respond to the rise of rice price and to the variation of other determinants. The study estimates local rice supply response in Togo using data from the 4ème Recensement National de l’Agriculture (RNA) conducted within 2011-2014. Using the estimators obtained by the Ordinary Least Squares, we found that the price of rice to the producer has a significant positive impact on rice supply. The results of the econometric estimates then showed that the individual paddy rice supply is, on the one hand, elastic to the producer price and, on the other hand, inelastic to the cost of mineral fertilizers, to the amount of credits granted to farmers, to the price of corn a complementary product of paddy rice on the farm. In terms of economic policies, our findings suggest Government supports the establishment of efficient systems of climate-resistant seeds and varieties of rice throughout the country, agricultural credit and above all for rice farmers, so that bridging yield gaps, improving quality management along the value chain, and investment in rice production and processing infrastructure.
BIO-TOXICITY STUDY OF SOME SELECTED PLANT BY ARTEMIA SALINA (LEACH) TEST

Plant derivatives in current research are often used as anti-microbial directly without a study of its toxic effects. Current study carried out to determine toxicity of five plant extracts (LC50) by Brine Shrimp Test (BST). Eight dilutions was prepared to test ranged (640, 320, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10 and 5 mg/L). The percentage of lethality of the brine shrimp larvae was calculated for each concentration after 48hr for 50% killed mortality of the larvae. The LC50 values of the plant extracts were: Castor was 5ìg/ml (low); chili: 20 mg/ml (low ); neem: 30 mg/ml (safe); lemon grass: 473 mg/ml (safe) and ginger: 495 mg/ml (safe). Future research need to focus on toxicity studies for plant extracts or botanicals natural products for more safety.
Antibiosis resistant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical specimens

Objective: Detection of antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical specimens in Kirkuk, Iraq. Material and Methods: The present study included (3138) samples collected from different clinical specimens from outpatients and inpatients of both sexes with different ages who were attended Azadi Teaching Hospital/ Kirkuk during the period from October/2007 until May/ 2013. Results: From a total of 3138 Specimens, 1485 gave positive cultured and 1653 Specimens showed no bacterial growth, 319/3138 (10.17%) isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa. These isolates were identified according to morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Wound and ear swab were important source for P. aeruginosa and isolated more frequently in inpatients than outpatients. The rate of isolation in females 169/319 (52.97%) was higher than males 150/319 (47.01%). Antibiotic susceptibility test of these isolates was performed, and the results showed that all Pseudomonas isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, cephradin and trimoxazole, followed by gentamycin (97.3%), Amoxicillin (97.3), cephalexin (92.3%), neomycin (91.4%), nalidixic acid (89%), nitrofurantoin (87.5%), tobramycin (87.5%) and ciprofloxacin (84%), and the resistance to amikacin was (75%). Antibiosis resistant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical specimens Siham Sh. AL-Salihi 1 , Braihan H. Hameed 2 , Braihan H. Hameed 3
The Town Centre Consumer: Exploring the Holistic Town Centre Journey

To date, current customer experience literature focuses on interaction encounters in a store environment, with limited attention on the wider retail environment. Unlike a retail store, a town centre includes a composite of retail environments, with which a customer interacts during the town centre visit. This paper explores customers’ cognitive and evaluative experiences that emerge from customer’s engagement during the town centre journey. Three complementary methodological approaches focus groups, online diaries and critical incidents were adopted to capture the customer’s holistic journey in a town centre. A total of 180 respondents participated in a consumer ‘tracking study’ with 445 diary entries and a total of 1869 shopping trips recorded. By exploring customers’ journeys in town centres, a more complete understanding is achieved for the holistic journey ‘process’ in the complex retail environment of a town centre. Empirical findings illustrate that the customers’ town centre journeys adopt to a large extent a sequential process, illustrating the inherent decision making involved prior to, during and after completing the journey. Furthermore, the findings identify the factors that affect each stage of the process ranging from the initial planning through to the operationalization of the act.
In vitro colchicine-induced polyploids from different explant segments of Bacopa monnieri

: Bacopa monnieri ( Bmo ) is a highly valued medicinal plant, widely used for several pharmacological products in Thailand. The diploid progenitor of Bmo grown in the wild as a natural source has low biomass and bacoside contents. Fifteen treatment combinations between three Bmo explant types (apical shoot, node and leaf segments) and ﬁve various colchicine concentrations (0.00, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, and 0.5% w / v) were determined for a number of polyploid inductions, including bacoside contents and gene expression. Results showed that low concentration (0.05%) of colchicine was more effective in inducing multiple shoots (17.88 regenerants per explant) and tetraploid plantlets (15%) from leaf segments than other treatment combinations. Tetraploid clone (no.4x-3) showed the highest BmoOSC gene expression, bacoside-A3 (4.276 ± 0.019 mg / g dry weight) and bacoside-C contents (5.040 ± 0.078 mg / g dry weight) compared to diploid progenitors and mixoploid plants. These ﬁndings indicated that colchicine-induced tetraploids could have beneﬁcial uses for genetic improvements to increase the medicinal value of local Bmo herbal medicine powder production in Thailand.
Racial Integration of Multi-Ethnic Students in Malaysia Higher Institutions

This is a conceptual paper to study the relationship between racial integration and democracy outcomes of multi-ethnic students in Malaysia higher institutions. Malaysia is created of several ethnic groups, every of that has its own culture and heritage such as language, beliefs, customs and more. As such, Malaysians are aware of this and therefore national unity must be nurtured so that the progress of the nation can be built without any hindrance and one of them is through education. However, Malaysian citizens having a distinctly different native language and a distinctive system of early childhood education or better known at the primary school level has left students isolated and out of touch with each other, leading to very limited interactions between different ethnic students and also another issue of concerned is regarding democracy outcomes of these students. Therefore, the general aim of the current study is to identify the racial integration with democracy outcomes among multi-ethnic students in the Institutions of Higher Learning and to examine the mediating effect of social interaction factor between those students. The research will be conducted using quantitative method and going to be supported by open-ended questions as to help the researcher to generate the best research findings. A total of 400 structured questionnaires were distributed through a convenience sampling technique. All the data will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS latest version) program through descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson Product Coefficient (r) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were applied to answer research questions of this study.
Validation of 30 nm process simulation using 3D TCAD for FinFET devices

This paper targets to show feasibility of a three-dimensional process simulation flow in the context of optimization of the device design and the underlying fabrication processes. The simulation is based on and refers to the development of the SOI-based 30 nm FinFET devices. The major goal of the simulation work is to implement a complete FinFET process flow into a commercially available 3D process simulation environment. Furthermore, all important three-dimensional geometrical features, such as corner roundings and 3D facets, have been introduced into the simulation set-up. After the successful demonstration of a functional 3D process simulation flow, detailed issues of process simulation methodology are assessed, such as the usage of different dopant diffusion models or the modelling of specific oxidation processes plus assessment of different annealing conditions. Finally, a comparison of the simulation results with electrical measurement data is performed which shows fairly good agreement.
Coupling mercury methylation rates to sulfate reduction rates in marine sediments

Anoxic slurry incubations were performed to examine the relationship between mercury methylation rates (MMR) and sulfate reduction rates (SRR) in salt marsh sediments from the southeastern United States. The MMR and SRR were similarly affected by temperature, addition of low‐weight molecular organics, and microbial inhibitors. The MMR was at a maximum in the 12 h after inorganic mercury addition. Initial rates of Hg methylation are correlated with SRR. A significantly slower MMR observed after the initial 12 h following inorganic mercury addition suggested that sorption or precipitation reduced the availability of mercury for methylation. The MMR results for various concentrations of inorganic mercury indicate that saturation kinetics occur. Using this kinetic framework, a model for MMR based on SRR and inorganic Hg concentration was developed. This model was then used to predict the MMR reported in temperature and substrate/inhibitor experiments. The model provided a reasonable estimate of MMR observed in the initial 12 h of the slurry incubations. However, the sequestering of inorganic mercury into less reactive pools by sorption to surfaces or incorporation into other phases alters the amount of bioavailable Hg and hence MMR. Future models that assess the bioavailibility of Hg in the sediments must be developed to extend these observations to field sites.
Precipitation of L‐Glutamic Acid: Determination of Nucleation Kinetics

This work presents a new procedure to determine the nucleation kinetics during the reactive precipitation of an organic substance. The new method has been applied to the pH-shift precipitation of L-glutamic acid upon mixing of an aqueous monosodium glutamate solution with hydrochloric acid. The induction time has been measured precisely in a stirred batch reactor by the combination of two in-situ measurement techniques, namely ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (attenuated total reflection Fourier Transform technique) and Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM). It is shown that ATR-FTIR is a suitable tool to measure the concentrations of the different L-glutamic acid ions, and can be used to determine the starting time of the process when the desired supersaturation is established in the reactor. The onset of particle formation is detected through FBRM. The precipitated polymorph is identified using in-situ Raman spectroscopy and Particle Vision & Measurement (PVM). Finally, the induction time is used together with the independently measured growth kinetics to determine the nucleation rate.