Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
White matter brain structure predicts language performance and learning success

Individual differences in the ability to deal with language have long been discussed. The neural basis of these, however, is yet unknown. Here we investigated the relationship between long-range white matter connectivity of the brain, as revealed by diffusion tractography, and the ability to process syntactically complex sentences in the participants’ native language as well as the improvement thereof by multi-day training. We identified specific network motifs that indeed related white matter tractography to individual language processing performance. First, for two such motifs, one in the left and one in the right hemisphere, their individual prevalence significantly predicted the individual language performance suggesting a predisposition for the individual ability to process syntactically complex sentences, which manifests itself in the white matter brain structure. Both motifs comprise a number of cortical regions, but seem to be dominated by areas known for the involvement in working memory rather than the classical language network itself. Second, we identified another left hemispheric network motif, whose change of prevalence over the training period significantly correlated with the individual change in performance, thus reflecting training induced white matter plasticity. This motif comprises diverse cortical areas including regions known for their involvement in language processing, working memory and motor functions. The present findings suggest that individual differences in language processing and learning can be explained, in part, by individual differences in the brain’s white matter structure. Brain structure may be a crucial factor to be considered when discussing variations in human cognitive performance, more generally.
Correlation Self-Efficacy and Adversity Quotient of Students at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Wedi Klaten

This study aims to determine whether there is a correlation between self-efficacy and adversity quotient for students of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Wedi Klaten. This type of research uses quantitative research methods with a correlational approach. Sampling methods using simple random sampling with data collection techniques in the form of a scale. The research subjects were 70 students from class XI of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Wedi, Klaten. The results obtained correlation analysis (rxy) of 0.708 with a p-value 0.000 that is lower than 0.05, meaning that there is a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and the student's adversity quotient. This can indicate that the higher the student's self-efficacy, higher the adversity quotient of the student, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Self efficacy and adversity quotient in students of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Wedi, Klaten are classified as moderate. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the correlation is 0.724, meaning that self-efficacy contributes effectively to the adversity quotient by 72%, which means there are 28% of the other factors that affect students adversity quotient
Identification of Cotton F1 Hybrids and their Parents through Molecular Marker under Salinity Stress

An experiment was carried out at Main Cotton Research Station, NAU, Surat, Gujarat, India during 2018–2020 to identify F1 hybrids and their parents through SSR marker for salinity tolerance in cotton. The four cotton parents (two salt tolerant and two salt sensitive) were crossed in a diallel fashion to obtain twelve cotton hybrids and subjected to DNA isolation and PCR amplification with SSR markers. In the present study, six SSR markers (TMB0409, DPL0094, BNL686, JESPR153, CM45 and MGHES006) were identified to be polymorphic between parents and the hybrids. The SSR primer TMB0409, DPL0094, JESPR153 and CM45 identified two fragments each from different parents in two, two, four and eight cotton hybrids, respectively, which confirmed true hybrids. Hence, the SSR molecular marker, individually or in combination can be used to distinguish and confirm the hybrid and parents in cotton with special reference to salinity. The PCA analysis revealed that BNL686–1 (248 bp) allele contributed significantly to the quantum of variation as explained by PC1. Hence, this allele is able to serve as a benchmark for ascertaining the efficient pattern of grouping between genotypes. Further, the marker CM45 amplified a fragment specific to the saline tolerant parents which was absent in sensitive parents as well as a fragment produced in sensitive parent which was absent in the tolerant parents, hence the molecular marker CM45 may associate with the salinity tolerance in cotton and can be used for salinity tolerant breeding program after confirming in a large population.
Use of Aqueous Extract of Wrightia tinctoria Leaves and Coconut Oil in Camel Mange

The present study was carried out during August 2019 to March 2020 for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of mange in camel. A total of fourteen positive cases of mange infestation were selected for the therapeutic trial. The therapeutic trial was carried out with the use of two different treatment viz., aqueous extract of Wrightia tinctoria (20%) and coconut oil in mangy camels. The mite count was performed on weekly interval up to five weeks. The camels had more than twenty Sarcoptic mites on day 0 (pre-treatment). The mite count was gradually decreased on fifth week and the mite reduction was 96.50% and 96.77% in group A & B, respectively. The haematology shows the significantly (p<0.05) increase in Hb, TEC, PCV, Neutrophils and Monocytes whereas, significantly (p<0.05) decreased in TLC, and Lymphocyte. The serological and mineral estimation shows the significant (p<0.05) increase in values of total protein, ALT and Zinc; whereas creatinine, AST and copper were decreased significantly (p<0.05). After treatment of mange infected camels with two different treatments the values of all these hemato-biochemical and micromineral constituents returned nearer to normal values of camels. Thus, aqueous extract of Wrightia tinctoria (20%) and coconut oil gave positive effect on mange infested camels.
Narrative Persuasion of Environmental Leaders on Social Media: Case Studies of Two Language Educators

Lack of pro-environmental behaviours from the millennials can be detrimental to current attempts to preserve the environment. However, these millennials do trust their opinion leaders who consist of social influencers. Thus, social influencers play an important role in projecting pro-environmental behaviours and persuading their followers in embracing proenvironmental behaviours. Pro-environmental behaviours can be elicited from the millennials from their opinion leaders. The paper employed a qualitative case study to investigate social influencers’ narrative persuasion in eliciting pro-environmental behaviours from their followers. Two social influencers who were language educators participated in the study. These social influencers had more than 1000 followers on their social media accounts. Data were taken from online observation and semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Peer debriefing was used to increase trustworthiness. The findings indicated that these social influencers used narrative transportation, identification and emotions to persuade their followers to exhibit pro-environmental behaviours. Each informant had the environmental issues that they championed and had a deep personal attachment with the issue. They were more concerned with engaging fellow citizens to be more responsible consumers and conserve the environment. They were aware of local and global environmental concerns.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ORAL AND TOPICAL UNANI FORMULATIONS IN TAQASHSHUR AL-JILD (PSORIASIS): A CASE STUDY

Taqashshur al-Jild (Psoriasis) is an Autoimmune Inflammatory disease with a worldwide prevalence of about 1.5 -2%. A 27 years old male patient, approached the outpatient department of the N ational Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorder (NRIUMSD), Hyderabad, with complaints of itching, scaling like dandruff, bleeding, burning of the scalp for one month. The examination of the skin revealed Psoriasis of the scalp. The patient was treated with the Unani regimen comprising of compound formulations Itrifal Shahetra (oral) 5gm, Habb-i-Musaffi Khoon (oral) 2 tablets, Marham Safed Kafoori (Topical), and Roghan Kamela (Topical) over scalp twice daily for 8 weeks days. The patient did not report any adverse effects during and after the treatment. After 8 weeks days of treatment, the whole scalp showed absence of the sign and symptoms of the disease. There was no recurrence of the disease during the next 2 months of post-treatment follow-up. This case report documented the successful treatment and prevention of recurrence of scalp psoriasis through Unani medicines. It concluded that the Unani regimen is effective and safe in the management of scalp psoriasis.
Identification of Consumers’ Motives in Buying Organic Luwak Coffee in terms of Agri-Touirism

Cikole luwak (civet) coffee began to be produced in 1990 and is now well-known in about 45 countries. Unfortunately, it is suspected that the civet coffee sold in bulk and retail is just ordinary or plain coffee. The motivation to buy for consumers, the level of consumer interest in civet coffee agrotourism, marketing strategies for loyal consumers to consume civet coffee are the objectives of this study. Questionnaire interviews involving 186 respondents (by means of systematic random sampling) were used as data collection methods in this study. Furthermore, the recorded data were analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results show that the primary factors of Luwak coffee, such as freshness, taste, and aroma, can identify consumer appearance as the dominant factor. The dominant usability factors were habits, leisure; and health; while the dominant promotional factors were website availability, agrotourism, and discounts. The Luwak coffee marketing strategy must be holistic and synergize between government, companies, communities, academics and media.
Wind Drift Evaporation Loss and Soil Moisture Distribution under Sprinkler Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)

An experiment was conducted during March–June 2018 with the sprinkler irrigation system covered in an area of 39×42 m2. Proper design and management of sprinkler irrigation systems improves the uniformity of moisture distribution and reduces wind drift and evaporation losses (WDEL) for effective crop growth. Uniformity coefficient, wind drift and evaporation loss of the sprinkler system at a different pressure head of 2 kg cm-2, 2.5 kg cm-2 and 3 kg cm-2 were studied. Wind speed was observed by using handheld anemometer. The wind speed ranged between 0.9 to 4.5 m s-1. The highest uniformity coefficient of 88.19% and wind drift and evaporation loss of 3.5% were obtained at the pressure head of 3 kg cm-2 and the wind speed of 0.9 m s-1. Soil samples were collected at different depths of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm and at a radial distance from 0 m, 3 m, 6 m, 9 m, 12 m respectively to determine the soil moisture distribution pattern. The soil moisture content values were plotted by using the computer software, surfer 10 of the windows version and contour maps were drawn. The moisture content was found to be more at 0–10 cm depth, as compared to 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm depth. The percentage of moisture was found to be highest at a 6 m distance, which was due to overlapping of the sprinkler system.
Evaluation of Chickpea Varieties Growing on Residual Moisture of Vertisols in Southern Ethiopia

Vertisols are suited to dry-land crop production in semi-arid environments since the residual moisture in the soil can support crop growth after the end of the rainy season. However, traditional cropping systems seldom utilize residual moisture of Vertisols for crop production. Farmers need suitable crop species to sustain and enhance their production under such soil and climatic conditions. Chickpea is the strategic crop well adapted to Vertisols and derives most of its water requirements from the residual soil moisture. Yet, different chickpea varieties found to adapt and produce different yields at different locations. The experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) on farmers training centers in two districts of Southern Ethiopia. Six released varieties; Arerti, Habru, Yelibe, Naatolii, Fetenech, Kutaye and a Local check were used for the experiment. The trials were laid in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Data were collected on phenological traits, growth and yield attributes, and grain yield. The results showed that there was significant variation among the tested chickpea varieties in all the agronomic traits recorded. Varieties Arerti and Habru revealed superiority in grain yield, pod setting, hundred seed weight and biomass over the Local check across locations. Based on yielding performance and farmers’ preference, varieties Arerti and Habru are recommended for production in the selected districts and similar agro-ecologies in southern Ethiopia.
Phosphatidylserine within the Viral Membrane Enhances Chikungunya Virus Infectivity in a Cell-type Dependent Manner

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family, is the causative agent of the human disease chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterized by debilitating acute and chronic arthralgia. No licensed vaccines or antivirals exist for CHIKV. Preventing the attachment of viral particles to host cells is an attractive intervention strategy. Viral entry of enveloped viruses from diverse families including Filoviridae and Flaviviridae is mediated or enhanced by phosphatidylserine receptors (PSRs). PSRs facilitate the attachment of enveloped viruses to cells by binding to exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) in the viral lipid membrane - a process termed viral apoptotic mimicry. To investigate the role of viral apoptotic mimicry during CHIKV infection, we produced viral particles with discrete amounts of exposed PS on the virion envelope by exploiting the cellular distribution of phospholipids at the plasma membrane. We found that CHIKV particles containing high outer leaflet PS (produced in cells lacking flippase activity) were more infectious in Vero cells than particles containing low levels of outer leaflet PS (produced in cells lacking scramblase activity). However, the same viral particles were similarly infectious in NIH3T3 and HAP1 cells, suggesting PS levels can influence infectivity only in cells with high levels of PSRs. Interestingly, PS-dependent CHIKV entry was observed in mosquito Aag2 cells, but not C6/36 cells. These data demonstrate that CHIKV entry via viral apoptotic mimicry is cell-type dependent. Furthermore, viral apoptotic mimicry has a mechanistic basis to influence viral dynamics in vivo in both the human and mosquito host. Importance Outbreaks of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have occurred throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe. Climate change permits the expansion of Aedes mosquito vectors into more temperate regions, broadening the geographic range and increasing the frequency of future human outbreaks. The molecular basis underlying the broad host and cellular tropism of CHIKV remains unresolved. While several host molecules have been implicated in CHIKV viral attachment and entry, the role of lipid-mediated attachment (viral apoptotic mimicry) is unclear. We observed that higher levels of externalized phosphatidylserine (PS) in the viral lipid bilayer correlated with enhanced CHIKV infectivity in mammalian cells abundant with PS receptors and lacking alternative attachment factors. Interestingly, CHIKV infection in mosquito Aag2 cells was also affected by viral PS accessibility. This study further delineates the role of virus-cell attachment molecules in CHIKV infection. Viral apoptotic mimicry has potential to influence CHIKV dynamics in vivo in both the human and mosquito host.
The Context-Sensitivity of Color Adjectives and Folk Intuitions

In this paper, I report new empirical data on folk semantic intuitions concerning color adjectives in so-called context-shifting experiments. Contextualists present such experiments — that is, they describe different conversational contexts in which a given sentence is uttered — in order to argue that context can shape meaning and truth conditions to such a degree that competent speakers would give opposite truth evaluations of the same sentence in different contexts. The initial findings of Hansen and Chemla (2013) suggest that laypersons’ semantic judgments are sensitive to context in the same way that is predicted by contextualists. In this paper, I focus on context-shifting experiments that involve color adjectives; also, I present experiments that are a partial replication and methodological extension of Hansen and Chemla’s study. One aim of my study was to corroborate these authors’ findings using a bigger sample (total N = 1128), but the main goal was to test the stability of results in different methodological variants of empirical adaptations of con-text-shifting experiments. This part of the study addresses the issues pointed out in my earlier paper (Zió ł kowski 2017), where I argued that certain experimental settings (within-subjects) might bring data that is more favorable to contextualism than other settings (between-subjects). My study compares three different experimental settings: within-subjects (with randomized order of context presentation), between-subjects (where participants evaluating different contexts are distinct groups), and “contrastive design” (where both contexts are presented side by side on the same screen). My results are highly consistent across the methodological variants I employed, but while they show some of the effects expected by contextualists, it is disputable whether they bring strong support to contextualism with respect to color adjectives.
The AAA+ ATPase RavA-ViaA complex sensitizes Escherichia coli to aminoglycosides under anaerobic low energy conservation conditions

Aminoglycosides have been used against Gram-negative bacteria for decades. Yet, uncertainties remain about various aspects of their uptake mechanism. Moreover their killing efficiency is well known to vary as a function of growth conditions and types of metabolism used by the targeted bacterium. Here we show that RavA, an AAA+ ATPase from the MoxR subfamily, associated with its VWA-containing partner, ViaA sensitize E. coli to lethal concentrations of AG, including gentamycin (Gm) and tobramycin, but not of antibiotics of other classes. We show this sensitizing effect to be due to enhanced Gm uptake in a proton motive force dependent manner. We evaluated the influence of RavA ViaA throughout a series of growth conditions, including aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. This led us to observe that the sensitizing effect of RavA ViaA varies with the respiratory chain used, i.e. RavA ViaA influence was prominent in the absence of exogenous electron acceptor or with fumarate, i.e. in poor energy conservation conditions, and dispensable in the presence of nitrate or oxygen, i.e. in high level of energy conservation. We propose RavA ViaA to be able to sense energetic state of the cell and to be used under low energy conditions for facilitating uptake of chemicals across the membrane, including Gm. Author Summary Antibiotic resistance is a major public health, social and economic problem. Aminoglycosides are known for their high efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria but their use is restricted to life threatening infections because of their nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity at therapeutic dose. Elucidation of AG sensitization mechanisms in bacteria will allow the use of a decreased effective dose of AGs. Here we identified new molecular actors, RavA and ViaA, which sensitize E. coli to AG under anaerobiosis. RavA belongs to the AAA+ ATPase family while ViaA bears a VWA motif. Moreover we show here that the influence of RavA ViaA on AG sensitivity varies with growth conditions and respiratory metabolism used by E. coli. This is a significant step forward as anaerobiosis is well known to reduce antibacterial activity of AG. This study emphasizes the crucial importance of the relationships between culture conditions, metabolism and antibiotic resistance.
Roles Played by the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α Pathway and IL-17A in the Chinese Subtype of Chronic Sinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Background The Chinese subtype of CRSwNP may have a unique pathogenesis. This study was designed to seek the role of the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway and IL-17A in CRSwNP. Methods The total IgE, ECP, and IL-17A levels were determined by UniCAP100 and ELISA. The activity of MPO was detected by the biochemical techniques. The protein expressions of HIF-1α, p-Akt, and PI3K were detected by the WB method. HIF-1α and IL-17A mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. Results The CRSwNP group showed significantly elevated MPO activity, PI3K, p-AKT protein, HIF-1α, and IL-17A mRNA levels in nasal polyps. Stimulated by the TNF-α, the PI3K, p-AKT, HIF-1α, and IL-17A levels significantly elevated in the fibroblasts. Inhibited by the Wortmannin, those indicators significantly declined in the fibroblasts. Conclusion The PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway played a role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. The elevated IL-17A level might be responsible for the neutrophilic inflammation in CRSwNP. The PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway might regulate the IL-17A-related inflammation in CRSwNP.
Role of interleukin 5-induced eosinophils in interleukin 33-triggered airway inflammation in mice.

BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-5 is essential for allergen induced eosinophilic airway inflammation, but not activation of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells in the lung. Although an excessive Th2 reaction is observed without IL-5 signaling, the mechanisms have remained unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the negative-feedback mechanism in eosinophilic airway inflammation, we examined IL-33 triggered eosinophilic airway inflammation in IL-5Rα-/- mice. METHODS Mice were administered intranasal IL-33 for 3 days. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was evaluated and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 24 h after the last IL-33 treatment. The number of inflammatory cells and cytokine levels in the BAL fluid (BALF) were analyzed, and histologic examination was performed. RESULTS Compared with IL-33 treated wild-type (WT) mice, intranasal administration of IL-33 in IL-5Rα-/- mice reduced eosinophilic airway inflammation, AHR, and basement membrane thickening, while we found excessive IL-33 induced IL-5 and IL-13 production in the airway without IL-5 signaling. The numbers of eosinophils with a ringshaped nucleus (resident) and segmented nucleus (inflammatory) were increased in WT mice, but not in IL-5Rα-/- mice following intranasal administration of IL-33, and the numbers of SiglecF-positive eosinophils with (resident) or without (inflammatory) expression of CD62L were also significantly increased by IL-33 treatment in WT mice, but not in IL5Rα-/- mice. The number of ILC2 cells in the BALF was significantly higher in IL-33 treated IL-5Rα-/- mice than in IL-33 treated WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the possibility that IL-5 induced eosinophils contribute to the negative-feedback mechanisms in IL-33 induced ILC2 mediated airway inflammation.