Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Named Entity Disambiguation in Entity Linking

Named Entity Disambiguation (NED) holds significant importance and application value in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). With the development and application of Large Language Model (LLM) and multimodality, scholars have conducted extensive their research on NED. This paper provides a summary of the current state of NED research, discusses challenges, and explores future development trends. It aims to offer insights for NED research by integrating various methods, thus promoting further advancements in this field.
Risk of Bleeding in Elderly Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement

Background: Bleeding complications are strong predictors of mortality and major morbidity in elderly patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Despite the high prevalence of frailty in this population, little is known about its effects on bleeding risk. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 502 patients undergoing isolated SAVR or TAVI between January 2015 and February 2022. The occurrence of blood products transfusions and MACEs were the primary endpoints. In-hospital mortality was the secondary endpoint. Results: The Elderly group (age < 80 years old) included 475 subjects, whereas the Very Elderly group (age ≥ 80 years old) included 127 patients. The need for blood product transfusion was similar among the two groups, regardless of the type of procedure. MACEs occurred similarly between groups [SAVR: Elderly group: 7.9% vs. Very Elderly group: 8.6%, p = 0.864; TAVI: Elderly group: 5.5% vs. Very Elderly group: 8.7%, p = 0.378]. The was no difference in in-hospital mortality rate in patients submitted to TAVI, whereas very elderly patients had higher mortality rate compared to the elderly patients submitted to SAVR [SAVR: Elderly group: 0% vs. Very Elderly group: 2.8%, p = 0.024; TAVI: Elderly group: 4,8% vs. Very Elderly group: 8%, p = 0.389]. Conclusions: Age alone should not be considered as a predictive factor for post-operative adverse events or in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with severe symptomatic AS.
Three new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) and Acaulospora gedanensis revised

Studies of the morphology and the 45S nuc rDNA phylogeny of three potentially undescribed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (phylum Glomeromycota) grown in cultures showed that one of these fungi is a new species of the genus Diversispora in the family Diversisporaceae; the other two fungi are new Scutellospora species in Scutellosporaceae. Diversispora vistulana sp. nov. came from maritime sand dunes of the Vistula Spit in northern Poland, and S. graeca sp. nov. and S. intraundulata sp. nov. originally inhabited the Mediterranean dunes of the Peloponnese Peninsula, Greece. In addition, the morphological description of spores of Acaulospora gedanensis, originally described in 1988, was emended based on newly found specimens, and the so far unknown phylogeny of this species was determined. The phylogenetic analyses of 45S sequences placed this species among Acaulospora species with atypical phenotypic and histochemical features of components of the two inner germinal walls.
The Relationship between Endophytic Fungi of Chimonanthus praecox and Volatile Metabolites under Different Circadian Rhythms and Blooming Stages

Chimonanthus praecox is an aromatic plant that flowers in winter. The composition of the floral volatiles of C. praecox is influenced by different blooming stages, circadian rhythms and species. However, the relationship between floral volatiles and plant endophytic fungi has not received much research attention. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to compare and analyze the changes in the structure and diversity of the endophytic fungal communities in C. praecox under different circadian rhythms (7:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., and 7:00 p.m.) and in different blooming stages (unopened flowers and opened flowers). The endophytic fungi of C. praecox consisted of nine phyla, 34 classes, 79 orders, 181 families, 293 genera, and 397 species, and Ascomycota was the dominant phylum. Under a diurnal rhythm, the diversity (Chao1 and Shannon indices) of endophytic fungi gradually decreased in the unopened flowers, while an increasing and then decreasing trend was found for the opened flowers. In the different blooming stages, the endophytic fungal diversity was significantly higher at 7:00 a.m. in the unopened flowers compared to the opened flowers. Humidity was the key factors that significantly affected the endophytic fungal diversity and community. Moreover, 11 endophytic fungi were significantly positively or negatively correlated with seven floral volatiles. In conclusion, the community structure and diversity of endophytic fungi in C. praecox were affected by the different blooming stages and circadian rhythms, and a correlation effect related to floral volatiles was found, but there are other possible reasons that were not tested. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the interrelationships between endophytic fungi, floral volatiles, and environmental factors in C. praecox.
Normal Proteasome Function Is Needed to Prevent Kidney Graft Injury during Cold Storage Followed by Transplantation

Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, there is a shortage of transplantable kidneys, and donor organs can be damaged by necessary cold storage (CS). Although CS improves the viability of kidneys from deceased donors, prolonged CS negatively affects transplantation outcomes. Previously, we reported that renal proteasome function decreased after rat kidneys underwent CS followed by transplantation (CS + Tx). Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying proteasome dysfunction and the role of the proteasome in kidney graft outcome using a rat model of CS + Tx. We found that the key proteasome subunits β5, α3, and Rpt6 are modified, and proteasome assembly is impaired. Specifically, we detected the modification and aggregation of Rpt6 after CS + Tx, and Rpt6 modification was reversed when renal extracts were treated with protein phosphatases. CS + Tx kidneys also displayed increased levels of nitrotyrosine, an indicator of peroxynitrite (a reactive oxygen species, ROS), compared to sham. Because the Rpt6 subunit appeared to aggregate, we investigated the effect of CS + Tx-mediated ROS (peroxynitrite) generation on renal proteasome assembly and function. We treated NRK cells with exogenous peroxynitrite and evaluated PAC1 (proteasome assembly chaperone), Rpt6, and β5. Peroxynitrite induced a dose-dependent decrease in PAC1 and β5, but Rpt6 was not affected (protein level or modification). Finally, serum creatinine increased when we inhibited the proteasome in transplanted donor rat kidneys (without CS), recapitulating the effects of CS + Tx. These findings underscore the effects of CS + Tx on renal proteasome subunit dysregulation and also highlight the significance of proteasome activity in maintaining graft function following CS + Tx.
Navajo Sheep and Goat Guarding Dogs: A New World Solution to the Coyote Problem.

When the Spaniards moved into the American Southwest, their intention was to provide the Indians with a somewhat watered down version of Spanish culture, one aspect of which was sheep ranching. Among the Pueblo, their primary target, sheep ranching became important but never replaced farming as the primary means of subsistence. Among the Navajo, however, sheep and goat ranching became the lifestyle and, according to some, Navajo flocks may have surpassed in quality those of the Spanish. Accompanying the Spanish flocks into the western hemisphere were dogs of European origin, described as larger than the indigenous varieties and as keen guardians of the flocks (Lyman 1844). Apparently the Spanish dogs did not persist into the 20th century as a result of inbreeding with Indian dogs, and the resulting mixed-breed dogs came to be used in their place. The Navajo may have used mixed-breed dogs with their flocks since the early 1700's, when they became involved in sheep ranching. Several accounts of the role of Navajo dogs with sheep in the late 1800's are found in Dyk (1938). In recent years there has been an effort to train, evaluate, and in some cases import into the United States several varieties of large livestock guarding dogs of Eurasian origin (Linhart et al. 1979; Coppinger and Coppinger 1980a, b; Green and Woodruff 1980; Nelson and Nelson 1980). The intent is to use these dogs to help reduce coyote predation on sheep and goats. Since Navajos have for years utilized relatively small mixed-breed dogs for the same purpose, there is the suggestion that they may have a time-tested New World solution to the New World problem of coyote predation. I spent 30 days on the Navajo Reservation in northern Arizona during 1980, herding sheep, observing dog-sheep interactions, and interviewing Navajo ranchers regarding their dog-training techniques.
Subduction between the Jiamusi and Songliao blocks: Geochronological and geochemical constraints from granitoids within the Zhangguangcailing orogen, northeastern China

Bulk-rock major and trace element, Sr-Nd isotopic, and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic data are reported for Jurassic igneous rocks from a north-south traverse through the Zhangguangcailing orogen, which formed by the subduction of an ocean and final collision between the Jiamusi and Songliao blocks in northeastern China. These results provide new insights into tectonic processes involving the subduction and collision to form the Zhangguangcailing orogen and final amalgamation of the Jiamusi and Songliao blocks. Our new results, together with data from the literature, indicate that the Jurassic granitoid rocks in the Zhangguangcailing orogen were emplaced in the period from ca. 191 to 163 Ma, with a magmatic flare-up ca. 180 Ma accompanied by mafic magmatism. These granitoid rocks are metaluminous and I-type in composition, and enriched in K, Rb, Th, and U, and depleted in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P, and Ti, with constant initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (0.704338–0.705349), and positive e Nd (t) (+1.6 to +3.1) and zircon e Hf (t) (+0.83 to +10.51) values. These geochemical features indicate that the Jurassic I-type granitoid rocks were probably generated as a consequence of variable degrees of interaction between continental crust and mantle-derived melts, which resulted from the subduction of oceanic lithosphere (Heilongjiang ocean), and led to an active continental margin during Early to Middle Jurassic time.
The Influence of Different Multipolar Mapping Catheter Types on Procedural Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Atrial Fibrillation

(1) Background: During pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF), multipolar mapping catheters (MMC) are often used. We aimed to compare the procedural outcomes of two MMCs, specifically a circular-shaped and a five-spline-shaped MMC. (2) Methods: We enrolled 70 consecutive patients in our prospective, observational trial undergoing PVI procedures for paroxysmal AF. The initial 35 patients underwent PVI procedures with circular-shaped MMC guidance (Lasso Group), and the procedures for the latter 35 cases were performed using five-spline-shaped MMC (PentaRay Group). (3) Results: No significant differences were identified between the two groups in total procedure time (80.2 ± 17.7 min vs. 75.7 ± 14.8 min, p = 0.13), time from femoral vein puncture to the initiation of the mapping (31.2 ± 7 min vs. 28.9 ± 6.8, p = 0.80), mapping time (8 (6; 13) min vs. 9 (6.5; 10.5) min, p = 0.73), duration between the first and last ablation (32 (30; 36) min vs. 33 (26; 40) min, p = 0.52), validation time (3 (2; 4) min vs. 3 (1; 5) min, p = 0.46), first pass success rates (89% vs. 91%, p = 0.71), left atrial dwelling time (46 (37; 53) min vs. 45 (36.5; 53) min, p = 0.56), fluoroscopy data (time: 150 ± 71 s vs. 143 ± 56 s, p = 0.14; dose: 6.7 ± 4 mGy vs. 7.4 ± 4.4 mGy, p = 0.90), total ablation time (1187 (1063; 1534) s vs. 1150.5 (1053; 1393.5) s, p = 0.49), the number of ablations (78 (73; 93) vs. 83 (71.3; 92.8), p = 0.60), and total ablation energy (52,300 (47,265; 66,804) J vs. 49,666 (46,395; 56,502) J, p = 0.35). (4) Conclusions: This study finds comparable procedural outcomes bet-ween circular-shaped and five-spline-shaped MMCs for PVI in paroxysmal AF, supporting their interchangeability in clinical practice for anatomical mapping.
HDR for legacy displays using sectional tone mapping

High dynamic range (HDR) allows us to capture an enormous range of luminance values within a still image or a sequence of video frames. But many consumers will not have the necessary displays to experience this in the near future. To allow these 'legacy' users to benefit, an adaptation using global tone mapping would be a possible solution. But the results tend to suffer from low subjective contrast and can product large-area flicker. To overcome these drawbacks, three enhancement steps are proposed. They are based on certain broadcast requirements as well as on viewer preferences, which were surveyed at the beginning of this study. The basic idea is to analyse each luminance value for its relevance in the image and discard unimportant ones. This 'virtual aperture' will be processed across the whole image and on image sections. Finally the tone mapping result will be composed with the chrominance values by using a modified IPT colour space.
Comparison of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts as Donor Nuclei for Handmade Cloning in Sheep Using a Single-Cell Transcriptome

Simple Summary There have been few studies on the use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells as donor nuclei in nuclear transplantation, despite their advantages of less reprogramming difficulty and shorter reprogramming distance. This study compared differences at the chromatin level, the level of differentially expressed genes, the level of histone modifications, and the level of DNA methylation in eight-cell embryos after using umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts as nucleus donors, using a single-cell transcriptome. Abstract Oocytes are efficient at reprogramming terminally differentiated cells to a totipotent state. Nuclear transfer techniques can exploit this property to produce cloned animals. However, the overall efficiency is low. The use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as donor nuclei may increase blastocyst rates, but the exact reasons for this remain unexplored. A single-cell transcriptomic approach was used to map the transcriptome profiles of eight-cell embryos that were in vitro-fertilized and handmade-cloned using umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts as nuclear donors. Differences were examined at the chromatin level, the level of differentially expressed genes, the level of histone modifications and the level of DNA methylation. This research provides critical information regarding the use of UC-MSCs as a preferred donor nucleus for nuclear transfer techniques. It also offers unique insights into the mechanism of cellular reprogramming.
ISSLIDE: A New InSAR Dataset for Slow SLIding Area DEtection With Machine Learning

Due to the high data demand of machine-learning algorithms, multiple datasets are emerging in remote sensing. However, these datasets are costly and time-consuming to annotate especially for change detection or natural phenomena monitoring. In particular, early warning systems for slow-moving disasters lack training datasets as they require both geomorphological and SAR interferometry expertise. In this letter: 1) we propose a novel interferometric SAR (InSAR) dataset for Slow SLIding area DEtection (ISSLIDE) with machine-learning algorithms. The latter consists of manually annotated patches of generated interferograms over slow-moving areas; and 2) we implement the segmentation of ISSLIDE interferograms with classical deep-learning approaches. FCN, DeepLabV3, and U-Net-like architectures are explored to serve as a baseline for future works. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dataset adapted to machine learning and targeting slow sliding area detection.
Preliminary image-based appraisal of starch in one-year-old grapevine shoots

Determination of starch concentration in grapevine woody tissues is pivotal to optimize some vineyard management techniques. Analytical assays represent the most reliable approach but nevertheless they are time-consuming. This study reports preliminary results on using imaging to estimate starch concentration in woody tissues stained with the Lugol's solution indicator in Vitis vinifera L. One-year-old shoots (cv ‘Primitivo’) were sampled in winter time and forced to sprout inducing a starch depletion. The measured starch ranged from approx. 0.1 to 14.4 % (DW). Parallel image-based and analytical starch concentrations data (n=42) revealed that R (red), G (green) and B (blue) color channels were highly predictive across three phenological stages (r =- 0.92), rising the imaging technique proposed as a promising tool to estimate the starch content.
Pleiotropic Effects of PhaR Regulator in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens Microaerobic Metabolism

Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens can live inside soybean root nodules and in free-living conditions. In both states, when oxygen levels decrease, cells adjust their protein pools by gene transcription modulation. PhaR is a transcription factor involved in polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) metabolism but also plays a role in the microaerobic network of this bacterium. To deeply uncover the function of PhaR, we applied a multipronged approach, including the expression profile of a phaR mutant at the transcriptional and protein levels under microaerobic conditions, and the identification of direct targets and of proteins associated with PHA granules. Our results confirmed a pleiotropic function of PhaR, affecting several phenotypes, in addition to PHA cycle control. These include growth deficiency, regulation of carbon and nitrogen allocation, and bacterial motility. Interestingly, PhaR may also modulate the microoxic-responsive regulatory network by activating the expression of fixK2 and repressing nifA, both encoding two transcription factors relevant for microaerobic regulation. At the molecular level, two PhaR-binding motifs were predicted and direct control mediated by PhaR determined by protein-interaction assays revealed seven new direct targets for PhaR. Finally, among the proteins associated with PHA granules, we found PhaR, phasins, and other proteins, confirming a dual function of PhaR in microoxia.
Transparent Structures for ZnO Thin Film Paper Transistors Fabricated by Pulsed Electron Beam Deposition

Thin film transistors on paper are increasingly in demand for emerging applications, such as flexible displays and sensors for wearable and disposable devices, making paper a promising substrate for green electronics and the circular economy. ZnO self-assembled thin film transistors on a paper substrate, also using paper as a gate dielectric, were fabricated by pulsed electron beam deposition (PED) at room temperature. These self-assembled ZnO thin film transistor source–channel–drain structures were obtained in a single deposition process using 200 and 300 µm metal wires as obstacles in the path of the ablation plasma. These transistors exhibited a memory effect, with two distinct states, “on” and “off”, and with a field-effect mobility of about 25 cm2/Vs in both states. For the “on” state, a threshold voltage (Vth on = −1.75 V) and subthreshold swing (S = 1.1 V/decade) were determined, while, in the “off” state, Vth off = +1.8 V and S = 1.34 V/decade were obtained. A 1.6 μA maximum drain current was obtained in the “off” state, and 11.5 μA was obtained in the “on” state of the transistor. Due to ZnO’s non-toxicity, such self-assembled transistors are promising as components for flexible, disposable smart labels and other various green paper-based electronics.
Degradation of FAK-targeting by proteolytic targeting chimera technology to inhibit the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Liver cancer is a prevalent malignant cancer, ranking third in terms of mortality rate. Metastasis and recurrence primarily contribute to the high mortality rate of liver cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has low expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which increases the risk of metastasis and recurrence. Nevertheless, the efficacy of FAK phosphorylation inhibitors is currently limited. Thus, investigating the mechanisms by which FAK affects HCC metastasis to develop targeted therapies for FAK may present a novel strategy to inhibit HCC metastasis. This study examined the correlation between FAK expression and the prognosis of HCC. Additionally, we explored the impact of FAK degradation on HCC metastasis through wound healing experiments, transwell invasion experiments, and a xenograft tumor model. The expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was measured to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that FAK PROTAC can degrade FAK, inhibit the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro, and notably decrease the lung metastasis of HCC in vivo. Increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of vimentin indicated that EMT was inhibited. Consequently, degradation of FAK through FAK PROTAC effectively suppressed liver cancer metastasis, holding significant clinical implications for treating liver cancer and developing innovative anti-neoplastic drugs.
Factors Contributing to Negative Outcomes Associated with Medications and Drug-Related Problems in Kidney Replacement Therapy—A Hospital-Based Prospective Observational Study

Background: Negative outcomes associated with medications (NOM) and drug-related problems (DRP) significantly impact individuals with kidney replacement therapy (KRT) given the complexities of managing kidney disease and associated comorbidities. The present study aims to assess the frequency of NOMs/DRPs among KRT patients and identify contributing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital (Granada, Spain), involving 117 outpatient adults with KRT. Data were collected from February 2021 to July 2023 using electronic records, semi-structured interviews (Dáder Method), and discussions with nephrology specialists. NOMs/DRPs were identified following treatment guidelines. Binary logistic regression was used to determine associated factors (p-value < 0.05). Results: Across 117 patients, 2436 NOMs and 3303 DRPs were identified, averaging 20.82 NOMs and 28.23 DRPs per patient. Prevalent NOMs included untreated conditions (58.95%), quantitative ineffectiveness (35.43%), and non-quantitative safety problems (5.13%). Dominant DRPs were undertreated conditions (37.63%), wrong dose/posology/length (33.00%), risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR) (16.14%), and non-adherence (6.87%). Patients with ADR, undertreated conditions, and anemia were associated with quantitative ineffectiveness. Risk of ADR and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency correlated with non-quantitative safety problems. Conclusions: KRT patients exhibited a substantial prevalence of NOMs/DRPs. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of these complexities for improved patient care.