Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus‐Doped Perovskite Oxide as Highly Efficient Water Oxidation Electrocatalyst in Alkaline Solution

Developing cost‐effective and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of paramount importance for the storage of renewable energies. Perovskite oxides serve as attractive candidates given their structural and compositional flexibility in addition to high intrinsic catalytic activity. In a departure from the conventional doping approach utilizing metal elements only, here it is shown that non‐metal element doping provides an another attractive avenue to optimize the structure stability and OER performance of perovskite oxides. This is exemplified by a novel tetragonal perovskite developed in this work, i.e., SrCo0.95P0. 05O3– δ (SCP) which features higher electrical conductivity and larger amount of O2 2−/O− species relative to the non‐doped parent SrCoO3– δ (SC), and thus shows improved OER activity. Also, the performance of SCP compares favorably to that of well‐developed perovskite oxides reported. More importantly, an unusual activation process with enhanced activity during accelerated durability test (ADT) is observed for SCP, whereas SC delivers deactivation for the OER. Such an activation phenomenon for SCP may be primarily attributed to the in situ formation of active A‐site‐deficient structure on the surface and the increased electrochemical surface area during ADT. The concept presented here bolsters the prospect to develop a viable alternative to precious metal‐based catalysts.
Lactate reloaded–reevaluation of the importance of lactate monitoring in the management of adult sepsis in the emergency department

For about a quarter of a century, monitoring lactate levels and/or lactate clearance has been an unquestionable cornerstone in sepsis management. The elevated lactate level appeared to be an independent predictor of mortality, and the consequent metabolic acidosis was thought to explain a number of pathophysiological changes seen in septic shock. Recent physiological and clinical findings seem to challenge the adverse role of lactic acidosis in sepsis. Evidence suggests that lactate levels are not necessarily directly proportional to either tissue or cellular hypoxia, and conversely, despite high lactate levels, increased peripheral tissue oxygen pressure can be measured in adult patients with septic shock. According to the most recent understanding of in vitro and in vivo evidence, the elevated lactate level in sepsis might be a normal reaction due to adrenergic stress with potential beneficial/protective physiological effects, as well. On the one hand, burning lactic may help fuel the body during critical illness, but on the other hand, with a slight drop in pH, the body may counteract certain deleterious changes during the dysregulated host response; reduce the chances of reperfusion myocardial injury, and improve tissue oxygenation by shifting the haemoglobin dissociation curve to the right. Understanding the pathophysiological process in sepsis resulting in elevated lactate levels may aid management in an emergency, medicine, and intensive care settings. With more in-depth physiological knowledge, physicians may inevitably surpass normalisation heuristics and deliver personalized rather than protocolised sepsis resuscitation.
Characteristics of Patellofemoral Measurement in Indonesian Population Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

BACKGROUND: The patellofemoral join is a unique complex joint formed by articulation of the patella and the femoral trochlea. Normal measures for patellofemoral parameters have been published. AIM: This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patellofemoral measurements in Indonesian population using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: This descriptive total sampling study was conducted from May 2019 to August 2020. The parameters of the measurements in this study include Insall-Salvati ratio, Caton-Deschamps index, trochlear angle, lateral trochlear inclination, TT (tibia tubercle) – TG (trochlear groove) distance, and trochlear depth. The mean results of the measurements were compared with the normal value measurements that are internationally used. RESULTS: A total of 100 normal knees MRI scan from patients consisting of 54 (54%) males and 46 (46%) females, with an average age of 35.09 ± 12.77 (19–60) years old. The average body mass index (BMI) was 28.07 ± 3.0 (22–34). Based on ethnicity, subjects were mostly Javanese (66%), Sundanese (12%), Madura (4%), Minangkabau (7%), and the others (11%). The mean of Insall-Salvati ratio was 1.09 ± 0.17 (0.49–1.60). The mean of Caton-Deschamps index was 0.97 ± 0.16 (0.62–1.64). The mean of trochlear angle was 138.97° ± 119.7 (122°–160°). The mean of lateral trochlear inclination was 20.37° ± 4.56 (11.0°–30.6°). The mean of TT-TG distance was 13.76 ± 5.86 (4.9–41), and the mean of trochlear depth was 5.18 ± 1.87 (1.05–8.6). Those values were within normal range of international values. There were no significant differences between comparison of males and females. CONCLUSION: The means of Insall-Salvati ratio, Caton-Deschamps index, trochlear angle, lateral trochlear inclination, and TT-TG trochlear depth of the Indonesian people were within the international normal range, and higher than other countries’ published measurements.
Mortality Risk in Mechanically Ventilated Neonates: A Developing Country Experience

Background & Objectives:Despite the great improvement in the outcome of sick neonates after the effective widespread introduction of mechanical ventilation in neonatal intensive care units, a significant proportion of high fatality is still detected among them. This study was conducted to identify the complications, outcome, and causes of death among a sample of critically ill Egyptian neonates mechanically ventilated using pressure-control-mode.Patients & Methods:Two-hundred-forty patients fulfilling the study inclusion criteria were prospectively enrolled in the current study. Those with multiple congenital malformations or post-surgical cases were excluded from the study. Data regarding history taking, clinical examination, indication for mechanical ventilation, complications related to mechanical ventilation and outcome were collected, recorded and analyzed. Results: The incidence of complications related to mechanical ventilation was 104 (43.3%) with reported increase in the incidence of VAP (20%). Also, the incidence of complications related to disease pattern was 136 (56.7%) with reported increase in the incidence of sepsis & septic shock (22.5%). It has been observed that 124 (51.7%) of the studied neonates had favorable outcome, however, the remaining 116 (48.3%) unfortunately expired with significant increase in the incidence of VAP among the expired group (P=0.013). Smaller gestational age and lower birth weight were the most significant risk factors. Conclusions:In Egypt; as an example of developing countries; mortality among critically ill mechanically ventilated pressure-control-mode neonates is significantly high approaching 48.3% with VAP being the most common cause of death.
A 16‐year investigation of legacy phosphorus discharge from Prairie Wolf Slough: a wetland restored on a former farmed field

Phosphorus (P) release to surface and groundwater often occurs in wetlands that were restored on former agricultural fields. We identified pore water, shallow groundwater, and plant biomass decomposition as sources of soluble reactive (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) export to the Chicago River between 1998 and 2014 from Prairie Wolf Slough Wetland Demonstration Project (PWS), a wetland restored on a former farmed field in suburban Chicago, Illinois. We estimated the relative annual contributions of SRP from these sources to yearly discharge to the river and conducted an SRP mass balance. SRP and TP concentrations and loadings were consistently greater at the outlet compared to the inlet, suggesting PWS was a source of P. Twenty‐three grams of SRP was exported during the mass balance study. SRP concentration at the inlet accounted for less than 3% of the SRP exported annually at the outlet to the Chicago River. Plant biomass decomposition, pore water diffusion, and groundwater seepage together accounted for 85% of annual export. Twelve percent of annual SRP export remains unknown. PWS was ineffective in reducing P export, indicating an ecosystem disservice. Our study highlights the need to identify the sources of P exported from wetlands restored on farm fields to better understand the biogeochemical processes that determine whether a wetland will serve as a source or sink of P. Pre‐restoration measurement, followed by decadal‐scale post‐restoration monitoring, of source‐water and soil P are needed to evaluate the success of wetland restorations designed to sequester P from runoff.
A Study on Occurrence and Haemato-biochemical Alterations in SARA in Cattle Treated with Different Therapeutic Regimens

Background: Subacute ruminal acidosis is one of the most important nutritional diseases in cattle. The consequence of feeding excessive amounts of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates in conjunction with inadequate fiber to ruminants leads to subacute ruminal acidosis. Cattles are at a high risk of developing SARA. The present research work was undertaken to study haemato-biochemical alterations in SARA affected cattle treated with different treatment regimens. Methods: Present work was done to study the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate powder, Azadirachta indica (Neem) dried leaves powder and Saccharomyces cervisiae (Yeast) in sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in cattle. Out of 148 cattle screened, 24 (16.22%) were diagnosed as SARA, 13 (56.52%) animals were in mid stage of lactation followed by early and late lactation (5 cases, 21.74% each). Result: After sodium bicarbonate treatment, animals showed changes in various haemato-biochemical parameters. However decreased neutrophils and ALT was also observed. After treatment of Azadirachta indica reduction in lymphocyte and eosinophil count was seen.
Improvement of Ic degradation of HTS Conductor (FAIR Conductor) and FAIR Coil Structure for Fusion Device

As a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) conductor with a large current capacity applicable to a nuclear fusion experimental device, REBCO (REBa2CuOy) tapes and high-purity aluminum sheets are alternately laminated, placed in a groove of an aluminum alloy jacket having a circular cross section, and the lid is friction-stir welded. To make the current distribution and mechanical characteristics uniform, the conductor is twisted at the end of the manufacturing process. In the early prototype conductor, when the Ic was measured in liquid nitrogen under self-magnetic field conditions, Ic degradations were observed from the beginning, and the characteristic difference between the two prototype samples under the same manufacturing conditions were large. Furthermore, Ic degradation was progressed by repeating the thermal cycle from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature. This Ic degradation did not occur uniformly in the longitudinal direction of the conductor but was caused by local Ic degradation occurring at multiple locations. If the conductor was not manufactured uniformly in the longitudinal direction, the difference in thermal shrinkage between the REBCO tape and the aluminum alloy jacket caused local stress concentration in the REBCO tape and buckling occurred. Element experiments to explain this mechanism were conducted to clarify the conditions under which Ic degradation due to buckling occurs. Then prototype conductors were tested with improved manufacturing methods, and as a result, Ic degradation could be suppressed to 20% or less. We have achieved the prospect of producing a conductor with uniform characteristics in the longitudinal direction.
Drug use evaluation of cephalosporins in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Infectious disease burden in India is among the largest in the world. Cephalosporins are being used extensively in the current scenario, both empirically and as definitive treatment. With this information, we tried to evaluate the prescription pattern of drugs for infections in medicine and general surgical wards of a tertiary care hospital and evaluate the utilization of cephalosporins in the same. Methodology: The study was conducted for a duration of 3 months in a tertiary care hospital after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, and permission of the respective heads of the surgery and medicine departments was obtained. After satisfying the inclusion criteria, participants' demographic details and the prescription notes by the treating doctor were noted and analyzed. The WHO prescription indicators were analyzed and the prescriptions were evaluated for the completeness of them. The utilization of cephalosporins was evaluated based on the institutional standard treatment guideline (STG) – Guidelines for Antimicrobial Therapy and Prophylaxis, 2014. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 600 patients were recruited, of which 350 were male and 250 were female. A total of 4341 drugs were prescribed. On an average, 7 drugs per prescription were found. The generic drugs prescribed were 27% (1163). Among the drugs prescribed, 19% (850) were antibiotics, of which 36.94% (314) were cephalosporins and 81% (3491) were other drugs. Ninety-four percent (565) prescriptions were incomplete (in terms of dose, frequency, duration, or dosage form). After referring to the STG, we found that cephalosporins were prescribed empirically in 40% (126) cases, of which medicine prescriptions accounted for it the most. Conclusion: Cephalosporins are extensively prescribed in medicine and surgery wards of the tertiary care hospital.
Dealing With Sparse Data Bias in Medical Sciences: Comprehensive Review of Methods and Applications

This study aims to illustrate the problem of (Quasi) Complete Separation in the sparse data pattern occurring medical data. We presented the failure of traditional methods and then provided an overview of popular remedial approaches to reduce bias through vivid examples. Penalized maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian methods are some remedial tools introduced to reduce bias. Data from the Tehran Thyroid and Pregnancy Study, a two-phase cohort study conducted from September 2013 through February 2016, was applied for illustration. The bias reduction of the estimate showed how sufficient these methods are compared to the traditional method. Extremely large measures of association such as the Risk ratios along with an extraordinarily wide range of confidence interval proved the traditional estimation methods futile in case of sparse data while it is still widely applying and reporting. In this review paper, we introduce some advanced methods such as data augmentation to provide unbiased estimations.
Place-Oriented or People-Oriented Concepts for Destination Loyalty: Destination Image and Place Attachment versus Perceived Distances and Emotional Solidarity

Many studies have modeled several different concepts to explain destination loyalty; however, none have integrated place-oriented (e.g., destination image, place attachment) and people-oriented concepts (e.g., cultural distance, social distance, and emotional solidarity) for their relative influences on loyalty. The current study tested the influence of destination image (place-oriented) and perceived distances (people-oriented) as antecedents of place attachment (place-oriented) and emotional solidarity (people-oriented) for their relative influences on destination loyalty. Survey data collected from both domestic (n=260) and international (n=250) visitors to a city in Turkey, Antalya, revealed that place-oriented concepts (cognitive and affective destination images and place attachment) are better predictors of destination loyalty than people-oriented concepts (cultural distance, social distance, and emotional solidarity). Together, they explain about half of the variance in destination loyalty, 42% in past loyalty and 60% in future loyalty.
Enhanced Exploration Least-Squares Methods for Optimal Stopping Problems

This letter presents an Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP) least-squares based approach for solving optimal stopping problems with a large state space. By extending some previous work in the area of optimal stopping problems, it provides a framework for their formulation and resolution. The proposed method uses a combined on/off policy exploration mechanism, where states are generated by means of state transition probability distributions different from the ones dictated by the underlying Markov decision processes. The contraction mapping property of the associated projected Bellman operator is analysed as well as the convergence of the resulting algorithm.
The Physico-Chemical Characterization of Soymilk Particles and Gelation Properties of Acid-Induced Soymilk Gels, as a Function of Soymilk Protein Concentration.

THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOYMILK PARTICLES AND GELATION PROPERTIES OF ACID-INDUCED SOYMILK GELS, AS A FUNCTION OF SOYMILK PROTEIN CONCENTRATION. Elise Ringgenberg Advisor: University of Guelph, 2011 Professor Milena Corredig The physico-chemical characteristics of soymilk particles and the gelation properties of soymilk were investigated as a function of soymilk protein concentration, by preparing soymilk samples from different water-to-bean ratios. Particles from different soymilk protein concentrations showed similar protein composition and surface hydrophobicity, but different -potential, size and protein content. The particle voluminosity was derived using a relation between the effective refractive index of soymilk and the turbidity parameter determined experimentally. For the first time, experimental data was compared to theoretical models, drawing general conclusions about colloidal properties of soymilk particles. Protein concentration and the rate of acidification did not have a significant effect on the acid-induced gelation of soymilk. Results demonstrated that decreased charge is a prerequisite for particle aggregation, which is driven by hydrogen bridging. This thesis provides soymilk processors with general principles on the colloidal behaviour of soymilk, valuable information for new product development and better process design.
The Link between Periodontal Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: The Relative Role of the Host Response

The role of periodontal disease in the etiology of cardiovascular disease has recently received considerable attention. Previous studies have shown conflicting results as to whether periodontitis is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, however, numerous recent studies have demonstrated that patients with chronic destructive periodontitis show evidence of systemic inflammation which can link chronic periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, share the same risk factors such as smoking, male gender, aging and diabetes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether such an association exists and to explore the mechanistic link between local and systemic inflammation and the relative role of the host response. The current study adds to the strong evidence for an association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, however, does not prove causation. Further research is needed to clarify the strength of association between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease. The Link between Periodontal Inflammation and Cardiovascu lar Disease: The Relative Role of the Host Response. Biomed J Sci
Gentrification and Care: A Theoretical Model

Gentrification and care are two topics that are rarely brought into conversation in the economics literature. Often, gentrification is studied in relation to displacement, housing prices, property values, and segregation. The economics of care, on the other hand has often been occupied with measurement and valuation of women’s labor on a global, de-regulated market. Anthropologists and other social scientists, however, have studied the collaboration and care work that women foster beyond the household. The sharing of unpaid social reproductive labor among networks of women/families is key to sustaining the coherence of low-income communities. If gentrification causes displacement, then, an episode of gentrification can cause care networks to disperse. To bridge the largely parallel literatures on gentrification and care work, we present a mathematical model of gentrification where agents base their decision to move on both the price of housing, and the price of care. The price of care is offset by the ability of agents to form care networks. Our models suggest that gentrification disperses the care networks of the poor, increasing their vulnerability to rising housing prices. Thus, decisions to move are predicated on a particular ‘social price point’-a decision that is not only economic but reflects increasing geographic distance from those who collaborate to accomplish social reproductive and other tasks of community maintenance.
Spatiotemporal Estimation of the Olive and Vine Cultivations’ Growing Degree Days in the Balkans Region

Olive and vine cultivations are two of the most important crops in Europe, yielding high quality and value food products. The climate change over the Balkans may elevate the agroecological pressure for the established crops and shift their cultivations areas. One of the widely-used agroclimatic indices is the growing degree days (GDD) which accumulates the necessary thermal units for the selected crops. Despite the advances on the agroclimatic research, there are few available methods for spatiotemporal estimation of this useful index. So, this research is focused on the construction of simple and reliable equations for the calculation and projection of olive and vine cultivations’ GDD over the Balkans. The models’ input parameters are the time, the altitude, the distance from the seashore, and the latitude. Its assembly is made by the extracted spatial data, combined with the Agri4Cast dataset for the period of 1980 to 2018 incorporating the regional climate change trend. The results indicate that the most influential parameter is the time, followed by the latitude, for both cultivations. According to the projections, as quantified by GDD, a vast sprawl of olive and vine cultivation areas will have been formed to the northern parts of the studied area. To be more precise, the viticulture could expand spatially by 28.8% (of the Balkans area) by 2040, and by 15.1% to 2060, when the olive cultivations’ area could sprawl 23.9% by 2040 and 20.3% by 2060.
Analysis of interference microscopy in the spatial frequency domain

If high numerical apertures are used in coherence scanning interferometry, an extension of the interference signal’s spectral distribution to lower frequencies can be observed. Depending on the slope of the measured surface interference signal contributions belonging to higher frequencies will vanish. In addition, the high spatial frequency information of a measured surface structure will contribute to the low frequency components of the spectrum of the measured interference signals. These effects can be explained by analyzing both the measuring object as well as the transfer characteristics of the interference microscope in the 3D spatial frequency domain. In this study we analyze the mentioned effects based on Kirchhoff’s diffraction theory in the spatial frequency domain introducing the double foil model. The model explains why the choice of the wavelength, which is used for signal analysis, shows a substantial impact on the reconstructed topography. As a consequence, careful analysis of the 3D transfer function based on the Ewald sphere model enables a better understanding of the measuring process, the lateral resolution capabilities, and the improvement of the measurement results by choosing adequate signal processing parameters.