Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RESPONSE OF METAL-RICH GAS TO X-RAY IRRADIATION FROM A MASSIVE BLACK HOLE AT HIGH REDSHIFT: PROOF OF CONCEPT

Observational studies show that there is a strong link between the formation and evolution of galaxies and the growth of their supermassive black holes. However, the underlying physics behind this observed relation is poorly understood. In order to study the effects of X-ray radiation on black hole surroundings, we implement X-ray-dominated region physics into Enzo and use the radiation transport module Moray to calculate the radiative transfer for a polychromatic spectrum. In this work, we investigate the effects of X-ray irradiation, produced by a central massive black hole (MBH) with a mass of M = 5 × 104 M☉, on ambient gas with solar and zero metallicity. We find that in the solar metallicity case, the energy deposition rate in the central region (⩽20 pc) is high due to the high opacity of the metals. Hence, the central temperatures are on the order of 105–107 K. Moreover, due to the cooling ability and high intrinsic opacity of solar metallicity gas, column densities of 1024 cm−2 are reached at a radius of 20 pc from the MBH. These column densities are about three orders of magnitudes higher than in the zero metallicity case. Furthermore, in the zero metallicity case, an X-ray-induced H ii region is already formed after 5.8 Myr. This causes a significant outflow of gas (∼8 × 106 M☉) from the central region; the gas reaches outflow velocities up to ∼100 km s−1. At later times, ∼23 Myr after we insert the MBH, we find that the solar metallicity case also develops an X-ray-induced H ii region, but it is delayed by ∼17 Myr compared to the zero metallicity case.
Reasoning in Physics: The Part of Common Sense

Acknowledgements. About the Author. Preface. Introduction. Part One: The Main Lines. 1. Physics: what is essential, what is natural? 2. A Trend in Reasoning: materialising the objects of physics. 3. The Real World: intrinsic quantities. 4. Essentials: laws for quantities 'at time t'. 5. Quasistatic or Causal Changes in Systems. Part Two: The Impact of Common Sense Some Investigations. 6. Quantities, Laws and Sign Conventions. 7. Changing Frames of Reference at Eleven. 8. Common Reasoning About Sound. 9. Constants and Functional Reduction. 10. Rotation and Translation: simultaneity? 11. From Electrostatics to Electrodynamics: historical and present difficulties. 12. Superposition of Electric Fields and Causality. Conclusion. Bibliography. Subject Index. Name Index.
Schwarzschild black hole as particle accelerator of spinning particles

It is shown that in the Schwarzschild background there exists a direct counterpart of the Bañados-Silk-West effect for spinning particles. This means that if two particles collide near the black-hole horizon, their energy in the centre-of-mass frame can grow unbounded. In doing so, the crucial role is played by the so-called near-critical trajectories when the particle parameters are almost fine-tuned. A direct scenario of the collision under discussion is possible with restriction on the energy-to-mass ratio only. However, if one takes into account multiple scattering, this becomes possible for as well.
PFN1 Inhibits Myogenesis of Bovine Myoblast Cells via Cdc42-PAK/JNK

Myoblast differentiation is essential for the formation of skeletal muscle myofibers. Profilin1 (Pfn1) has been identified as an actin-associated protein, and has been shown to be critically important to cellular function. Our previous study found that PFN1 may inhibit the differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells, but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here, we confirmed that PFN1 negatively regulated the myogenic differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells. Immunoprecipitation assay combined with mass spectrometry showed that Cdc42 was a binding protein of PFN1. Cdc42 could be activated by PFN1 and could inhibit the myogenic differentiation like PFN1. Mechanistically, activated Cdc42 increased the phosphorylation level of p2l-activated kinase (PAK), which further activated the phosphorylation activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), whereas PAK and JNK are inhibitors of myogenic differentiation. Taken together, our results reveal that PFN1 is a repressor of bovine myogenic differentiation, and provide the regulatory mechanism.
A unified solution to the small scale problems of the ΛCDM model II: introducing parent-satellite interaction

We continue the study of the impact of baryon physics on the small scale problems of the ΛCDM model, based on a semi-analytical model (Del Popolo, 2009). With such model, we show how the cusp/core, missing satellite (MSP), Too Big to Fail (TBTF) problems and the angular momentum catastrophe can be reconciled with observations, adding parent-satellite interaction. Such interaction between dark matter (DM) and baryons through dynamical friction (DF) can sufficiently flatten the inner cusp of the density profiles to solve the cusp/core problem. Combining, in our model, a Zolotov et al. (2012)-like correction, similarly to Brooks et al. (2013), and effects of UV heating and tidal stripping, the number of massive, luminous satellites, as seen in the Via Lactea 2 (VL2) subhaloes, is in agreement with the numbers observed in the MW, thus resolving the MSP and TBTF problems. The model also produces a distribution of the angular spin parameter and angular momentum in agreement with observations of the dwarfs studied by van den Bosch, Burkert, & Swaters (2001).
Ectopic dental inclusion: A literature review

Objective: Analyze the publications on ectopic dental inclusion, as well as its risk factors, prevalence and respective treatments. Materials and methods: A literature review was carried out including articles from the year 2000 to 2021 in the databases: Medline/PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar. Thirty-seven bibliographic references of interest were used for the study, of which 18 case report and case series articles were selected for the analysis of clinical, pathological, and radiographic information, as well as patient demographics, anatomical location of ectopic teeth, clinical symptomatology, and treatment modalities. Results: It was determined that the dental group with the highest incidence is the third molar with 68%, followed by canines with 12%, while the remaining 20% ​​is comprised of: second molar, second premolar, supernumerary and unspecified tooth. The prevalence in relation to gender refers to 68% in women and the most common age range of its diagnosis is the third decade of life in 40%. Regarding associated lesions, 40% correspond to dentigerous cyst, 16% to granuloma, 28% without associated lesion, 4% radicular cyst and the remaining 12% do not mention lesion. The treatment for a patient with ectopic dental inclusion varies depending on its presentation characteristics, but it is usually resolved through a surgical approach and periodic radiographic clinical controls. Conclusion: Ectopic dental inclusion has a prevalence of appearance in the third decade of life, usually when patients present symptoms and before routine radiographic examination, the most satisfactory treatment is the intraoral approach, finally the prognosis in these patients is satisfactory.
Understanding residents’ hospitality toward tourists amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a conservation of resources perspective

Abstract Rooted in conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study investigated the effects of perceived threat severity (PTSE) and susceptibility (PTSU) of COVID-19 pandemic on residents’ hospitality toward tourists. The mediating role of COVID-19-caused stress and the moderating role of economic benefits from tourism were addressed. Data were collected from 281 destination residents in Xiamen and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings indicate that the negative effect of PTSE on residents’ hospitality toward tourists is stronger than that of PTSU, and both effects are partially mediated by COVID-19-caused stress. Furthermore, economic benefits from tourism significantly moderates the effects of PTSE, PTSU, and COVID-19-caused stress on residents’ hospitality toward tourists, and these effects are insignificant for residents with high economic benefits from tourism. Theoretically, this study advances literature on residents’ attitudes toward tourism by introducing COR theory to build a framework centered on resource loss and replenishment. Practically, useful strategies are proposed to reduce the negative effects of PTSE and PTSU of COVID-19 pandemic and thus foster residents’ hospitality toward tourists.
Origin of the Galactic 511 keV emission from positrons produced in irregular supernovae

Gamma ray emission of 511 keV lines arising from electron-positron annihilation has been detected from the Galaxy since the 70s. Spatially resolved observations using the INTEGRAL satellite have shown its full sky distribution to be strongly concentrated in the Galactic bulge, with a smaller contribution from the disk, unlike the situation in any other wavelength. The puzzling distribution of the positrons gave rise to various suggestions, including stellar nucleosynthesis in core-collapse (CC) and type Ia thermonuclear supernovae (SNe), accreting compact objects, and more "exotic" explanations of annihilation of dark-matter particles. However, such models encounter difficulties in reproducing the total Galactic 511 keV flux as well as its peculiar bulge-centered distribution. Theoretical models of SNe from thermonuclear Helium detonations on white dwarfs (WDs) were suggested as potential additional sources of positrons, contributing to the Galactic Gamma-ray emission. Here, we show that the recently discovered class of faint, calcium-rich type Ib SNe (with the prototype SN 2005E), thought to arise from such explosions, also called ". Ia" SNe, can explain both the 511 keV flux and its distribution, and can eliminate the need for non-astrophysical (e.g., dark matter annihilation) sources. Such SNe comprise a fraction of only ~2% of all SNe, but they currently inject hundreds of times more positrons (from $^{44}$Ti decay) to the ISM than injected by CC SNe, enough to reproduce the total Galactic 511 keV line emission. They exclusively explode in old environments, and their contribution to the 511 keV emission therefore follows the old (>10 Gyrs) Galactic stellar population, dominated by the bulge, thereby reproducing the observed large bulge-to-disk ratio.
Relative Effectiveness of Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines in Adults During the 2019–2020 Influenza Season in the United States

Abstract Background Mutations occurring during egg-based influenza vaccine production may affect vaccine effectiveness. The mammalian cell-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4c) demonstrated improved protection relative to egg-based vaccines in prior seasons. This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of IIV4c versus standard-dose egg-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4e) in preventing influenza-related medical encounters (IRMEs) in the 2019–2020 US influenza season. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted using a dataset linking electronic medical records with medical and pharmacy claims data among individuals ≥18 years vaccinated with IIV4c or IIV4e during 2019–2020. A doubly robust inverse probability of treatment weighting model was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, region, vaccination week, health status, frailty, and baseline healthcare resource utilization. rVE was calculated by (1 – OR) × 100. An exploratory analysis evaluated IRMEs in inpatient and outpatient settings separately. Results The final study cohort included 1 499 215 IIV4c and 4 126 263 IIV4e recipients ≥18 years of age. Fewer IRMEs were reported in individuals with recorded IIV4c versus IIV4e. The rVE for IIV4c versus IIIV4e for any IRME was 9.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9%–11.1%). Inpatient and outpatient rVEs were 5.7% (95% CI, 2.1%–9.2%) and 11.4% (95% CI, 9.5%–13.3%), respectively. In age subgroup analyses, rVEs favored IIV4c except in adults aged ≥65 years. Conclusions Adults vaccinated with IIV4c had a lower risk of IRMEs versus IIV4e recipients in the 2019–2020 US influenza season. These results support IIV4c as a potentially more effective public health measure against influenza than egg-based vaccines.
Healthcare providers in Nigerian hospitals and HIV-related stigma: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Background: Elimination of barriers to identification of new HIV infections, treatment adherence and retention in care of people living with HIV/AIDS is vital to the attainment of WHO's ambitious vision 2030 of 90:90:90 for HIV/AIDS. However, HIV-related stigma, especially among health workers, has been widely documented as a serious threat to this project. This study explored the factors associated with the stigmatization of people living with HIV among healthcare workers in Nigerian hospitals. Method: Electronic literature search was conducted on eight databases using keywords and MeSH guidelines. Using the PRISMA protocol, studies published from 2003 to 2022 were retrieved and analyzed. Result: Of the 1481 articles identified, 9 met the inclusion criteria. All the included studies were conducted across 10 of the 36 states in Nigeria, with every geo-political zone in Nigeria represented by at least two studies. The overarching themes identified were attitude and beliefs (n = 7), knowledge of HIV/AIDS (n = 3), quality of care (n = 4), education and in-service training (n = 4), and health facility policies and procedures (n = 3). Factors associated with HIV-related stigma among healthcare workers varied by gender, healthcare settings, specialties of health workers, and the presence of institutional stigma reinforcements. Healthcare workers without recent in-service training on HIV/AIDS and those who work in hospitals without anti-HIV/AIDS stigma policies exhibited more HIV-related stigmatizing attitudes. Conclusion: Continuous in-service training of healthcare workers and the development of comprehensive stigma reduction interventions that will be reinforced with anti-HIV stigma policies in clinical settings may facilitate the attainment of national HIV prevention goals.
Change, Cause and Contradiction: A Defence of the Tenseless Theory of Time

Part 1 Tense and change: two accounts of change the problem. Part 2 Tense and contradiction: McTaggart's paradox objections and defence the racial solution. Part 3 Temporal solipsism: Prior's doctrines pathological cases of identity instants and anti-realism a paradox of cardinality the propositional theory of instants. Part 4 Temporal parts: the objections understanding temporal parts the problem of the temporal determinant. Part 5 Tenseless change: constraints on an account first attempts the causality constraint. Part 6 Causation and simultaneity: the principle of reciprocity historical antecedents of R the proof of non-simultaneity modal properties of R time without change. Part 7 Causal and temporal priority: the priority of time causal priority and counterfactuals causal priority and probability Ehring's condition. Part 8 A causal account of change: the account change and the causal theory of time backwards causation.
A Wireless Communication System for Urban Water Supply Networks Based on Guided Acoustic Waves

The structural complexity of real-world pipeline networks makes it difficult to derive physics-based models of acoustic propagation. This work deals with the design of a communication system based on the propagation of acoustic waves in water-filled pipes. A method based on the experimental characterization of the communication channel is proposed. This approach is applied to an urban water distribution pipeline, and a black-box model representing its frequency response is obtained. The derived two-port model is used for the simulation of a complete communication system, comprising transmitter and receiver models, with the aim of using the water pipe as a wireless communication channel. It is shown that the choice of modulation parameters is critical in order to deal with issues such as the frequency selectivity of the channel and multipath wave propagation. A communication system is presented and the experimental results of the communicated data are provided.
Wormholes and nonsingular spacetimes in Palatini f (R ) gravity

We reconsider the problem of $f(R)$ theories of gravity coupled to Born-Infeld theory of electrodynamics formulated in a Palatini approach, where metric and connection are independent fields. By studying electrovacuum configurations in a static and spherically symmetric space-time, we find solutions which reduce to their Reissner-Nordstr\"om counterparts at large distances but undergo important non-perturbative modifications close to the center. Our new analysis reveals that the point-like singularity is replaced by a finite-size wormhole structure, which provides a geodesically complete and thus nonsingular space-time, despite the existence of curvature divergences at the wormhole throat. Implications of these results, in particular for the cosmic censorship conjecture, are discussed.
Itraconazole-Induced Increases in Gilteritinib Exposure Are Mediated by CYP3A and OATP1B

Gilteritinib, an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia, is primarily eliminated via CYP3A4-mediated metabolism, a pathway that is sensitive to the co-administration of known CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as itraconazole. However, the precise mechanism by which itraconazole and other CYP3A-modulating drugs affect the absorption and disposition of gilteritinib remains unclear. In the present investigation, we demonstrate that pretreatment with itraconazole is associated with a significant increase in the systemic exposure to gilteritinib in mice, recapitulating the observed clinical drug–drug interaction. However, the plasma levels of gilteritinib were only modestly increased in CYP3A-deficient mice and not further influenced by itraconazole. Ensuing in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that gilteritinib is a transported substrate of OATP1B-type transporters, that gilteritinib exposure is increased in mice with OATP1B2 deficiency, and that the ability of itraconazole to inhibit OATP1B-type transport in vivo is contingent on its metabolism by CYP3A isoforms. These findings provide new insight into the pharmacokinetic properties of gilteritinib and into the molecular mechanisms underlying drug–drug interactions with itraconazole.
Stereotactic Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment-Refractory Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

(1) Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) generates a large proportion of global disease burden. Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRA) may be beneficial for selected patients with its most debilitating and refractory forms, but effect size is uncertain. (2) Methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis on SRA for MDD was carried out. Patient-level data were extracted from articles reporting validated depression measures (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)), pre- and at least six months post surgery. To accommodate different outcome measures, the standardised mean difference (SMD) between both scores was used as the principal effect size. Data were synthesised using a random-effects model. (3) Results: Five distinct studies were identified, comprising 116 patients (64 included in meta-analysis). Effect size comparing post- vs. pre-operative scores was 1.66 (CI 1.25–2.07). Anterior cingulotomy (two studies, n = 22) and anterior capsulotomy (three studies, n = 42) showed similar effect sizes: 1.51 (CI 0.82–2.20) vs. 1.74 (CI 1.23–2.26). Multiple procedures were performed in 30 of 116 (25.9%) patients. Based on patient-level data, 53% (n = 47) were responders (≥50% improvement), of which 34% reached remission (MADRS ≤ 10 or BDI ≤ 11). BDI mean improvement was 16.7 (44.0%) after a second procedure (n = 19). (4) Conclusions: The results are supportive of the benefit of SRA in selected patients with refractory MDD.
A PSF-based approach to Kepler/K2 data – II. Exoplanet candidates in Praesepe (M 44)

In this work we keep pushing K2 data to a high photometric precision, close to that of the Kepler main mission, using a PSF-based, neighbour-subtraction technique, which also overcome the dilution effects in crowded environments. We analyse the open cluster M 44 (NGC 2632), observed during the K2 Campaign 5, and extract light curves of stars imaged on module 14, where most of the cluster lies. We present two candidate exoplanets hosted by cluster members and five by field stars. As a by-product of our investigation, we find 1680 eclipsing binaries and variable stars, 1071 of which are new discoveries. Among them, we report the presence of a heartbeat binary star. Together with this work, we release to the community a catalogue with the variable stars and the candidate exoplanets found, as well as all our raw and detrended light curves.
Management of Filamentous Fungal Keratitis: A Pragmatic Approach

Filamentous fungal infections of the cornea known as filamentous fungal keratitis (FK) are challenging to treat. Topical natamycin 5% is usually first-line treatment following the results of several landmark clinical trials. However, even when treated intensively, infections may progress to corneal perforation. Current topical antifungals are not always effective and are often unavailable. Alternatives topical therapies to natamycin include voriconazole, chlorhexidine, amphotericin B and econazole. Surgical therapy, typically in the form of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, may be required for severe cases or following corneal perforation. Alternative treatment strategies such as intrastromal or intracameral injections of antifungals may be used. However, there is often no clear treatment strategy and the evidence to guide therapy is often lacking. This review describes the different treatment options and their evidence and provides a pragmatic approach to the management of fungal keratitis, particularly for clinicians working in tropical, low-resource settings where fungal keratitis is most prevalent.
Risk‐sensitive filtering for nonlinear Markov jump systems on the basis of particle approximation

In this paper, the risk‐sensitive filtering method that relaxes the dependence on model accuracy is extended to nonlinear Markov jump systems (MJSs). In the method, the so‐called reference probability technique together with particle approximation is utilized to derive the risk‐sensitive filter in nonlinear non‐Gaussian framework. The novelty of the proposed approach is that a ‘risky’ interacting resampling step is performed to both moderate the modeling uncertainties and to solve the problem of particle explosion. A designer‐chosen parameter named risk‐sensitive parameter allows us to make a trade‐off between the filtering accuracy for the nominal model and the robustness to uncertainties. With a meaningful example, it shows that the developed method can outperform the widely used method‐particle filter and interacting multiple model‐particle filter in nonlinear MJSs with uncertainties. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.