Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The combination of £udarabine and cyclophosphamide results in a high remission rate with moderate toxicity in low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

Jan Eucker, Claudia Schille, Peter Schmid, Christian Jakob, Johannes Schetelig, Dorothea Kingreen, Hans-Gˇnther Mergenthaler, Dieter Huhn, Kurt Possinger and Orhan Sezer Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universit tsklinikum Charite¤ , Campus Mitte, HumboldtUniversit t zu Berlin,10098 Berlin, Germany. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universit tsklinikum Charite¤ , Campus Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt-Universit t zu Berlin,13353 Berlin, Germany.
Signi¢cance of scheduling on the cytotoxicity of radiation and cisplatin combination treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

The use of cisplatin as a potential radiosensitizer in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has produced encouraging results in clinical trials. Inorder toprovideinformationon improving thedesignof clinical treatments, we investigated the e¡ect of cisplatin dose, and the time interval and sequence between administration of cisplatin and radiationon cell survival of two NPC cell lines,CNE1and SUNE1.When cisplatin was applied ¢rst, an exposure time of 24 h resulted in up to 2.6-fold increase in cell death and 7-fold increase in radiation e¡ect (cell survival after cisplatin/cell survival after cisplatin plus radiation) in the cisplatin^radiation combination treatment compared to thecells treatedwith cisplatin for 4 h.When radiation was applied ¢rst, a shorter interval time of 4 h followed bycisplatin treatment resulted inup to 3-fold increasein cell death anda 3-foldenhancedradiatione¡ect over longer timeintervalsof 24 h. By changing the order of radiation and cisplatin treatment alone, a 2-fold di¡erence in radiation e¡ect wasobserved.Thedifferential cytotoxicity was partially explained by the alterations in cell cycle distribution.Our results indicate theimportanceof scheduling the radiation and cisplatin combination regimens on the survival of NPC cells. [r 2002 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins. ]
Perioperative Latex Allergy in Children

L ATEX allergy emerged as a serious health concern in the 1980s when an alarming number of cases of latex anaphylaxis occurred in patients during general anesthesia. In addition, an even greater number of local allergic reactions occurred in health care workers who wore latex gloves. The incidence of latex anaphylaxis increased dramatically through the mid-1990s, affecting three groups of infants and children undergoing general anesthesia: those with spina bifida, those with congenital urological anomalies who required frequent bladder catheterizations, and those who underwent multiple invasive surgeries involving mucosal contact by latex gloves. Despite numerous reviews on the risk factors for latex sensitivity and anaphylaxis in susceptible children, latex is often overlooked as the primary allergen in those who develop anaphylaxis in the perioperative period. We present a case history of an anaphylactic reaction to latex that was attributed to antibiotics and the subsequent follow-up with the parent.
Time Delays in Gene Expression

In this report we aim to investigate the properties of a gene regulatory network which is the time delayed version of that proposed by Aguda et al. (2008). We also discuss how the dynamics (particularly the oscillatory behaviour) of the system change with the variation of the strength of the time delay factor (! ) as well as other parameters such as the efficiency of the microRNA inhibition of protein expression (Γ" ). The stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions are also investigated, and numerical simulations are also carried out in an attempt to gain a greater understanding of the effects of introducing a distributed time delay into the system. This was also done in part to investigate the suggestion of Jensen et al. (2003) that in gene expression time delay could be a general mechanism producing oscillatory responses in a more economical way than others. 1. Discrete and Distributed time delays When attempting to model in the biological sciences, it is sometimes necessary to take account of the time delays inherent in the phenomena (Cooke & Grossman 1982). The two main types of time delays in mathematics are discrete and distributed time delays. In this project we aimed to investigate the effects of only the distributed time delays. To do this it was imperative to establish the difference between discrete and distributed time delays. Discrete time delays measure how the present state of a body/cell depends on its previous values or system. Conversely, distributed time delays measure how the past influences the present state of a body over a certain period of time. As the distributed time delay provides a more realistic description of the effects of time delay in the context of gene expression, all models found in this report are based off of distributed time delays. 2. Transcriptional and translational time delays For some genes, the encoded RNA molecule is used to synthesize a protein. This process is just one example of what is known as gene expression. More generally, gene expression is the process by which genetic instructions are used to synthesise gene products (Taft et al 2010). Gene expression is comprised of two main processes – transcription and translation. Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cells, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Temporary factors that condition innovation: comparison between family and non-family businesses

Studies conducted on innovation in family businesses have offered very diverse and sometimes contradictory results. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of time-related variables on the innovative behavior of companies. Furthermore, we compare the behavior of family and non-family companies, the influence of the generation and the transference of management. To do this, companies are classified according to the stage of life in which they are and are compared using a mean difference test (Anova). Subsequently, already focused on family businesses, the effects of generating control in the case of family businesses are analyzed, considering the foundational and subsequent periods. The results show that the behavior towards the innovation of family businesses is conditioned by the temporal dimension.
Keloids in the ears: follow-up of 41 patients who had surgery and intralesional corticosteroid injections Queloides em orelhas: seguimento de 41 pacientes submeti- dos à cirurgia e infiltração com corticosteróides

ABS TRACT Introduction: Surgery combined with post-operative intralesional corticosteroid injections is considered a good treatment for keloids that occur in the ears, yet the recurrence rate for this procedure is not yet well established. There is no consensus about the minimum number of corticosteroid infiltrations needed to decrease the number of recurrences. Objective:To correlate the rate of recurrence among patients who had surgery and postoperative intralesional corticosteroid injections to treat keloids in the ear lobe with the number of injections. Methods: Retrospective study of 41 patients who underwent surgical excision of ear keloids combined with up to two (Group A) or 3 or more (Group B) triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injections sessions. Results: The total recurrence rate was 37% (13% in patients from Group A and 24% in patients from Group B). Results were not more effective when the number of injections was equal to or higher than 3 (p = 0.74). Conclusions: There was no statistical significance in the number of post-operative corticosteroid intralesional injections in the treatment of ear keloids. Further studies are necessary to corroborate these results.
Effect of time of Azolla incorporation and inorganic fertilizer application on growth and yield of Basmati rice

Azolla tissue contains 5% N, which is slowly released into the soil upon decomposition. Timing of incorporation is therefore important for maximum benefit to a crop. The effect of time to incorporate Azolla biomass on growth and yield of rice was investigated in Mwea-Kenya. Treatments consisted of 7.5 t ha-1 Azolla biomass applied at transplanting, 7.5 t ha-1 Azolla applied at 21 days after transplanting (DAT) and 30 kg N ha-1 inorganic N applied in splits at O, 21 and at 55 DAT. There were control treatments without Azolla and without inorganic N application. The treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Phosphorus and potassium were applied at 50 Kg ha-1 each as P2O5 and K2O. Plant height and tiller numbers were recorded at 21 (rooting/tillering), 32 (tillering), 42 (maximum tillering), 60 (flowering) and 75 DAT (heading) while yield parameters were determined at physiological maturity (120 DAT). Data were analysed using SAS software and means separated using the least significant difference test (p≤0.05). Azolla incorporation at transplanting significantly enhanced panicle m-2, grain weight and grain yield while incorporating it at 21 DAT only significantly enhanced panicle m-2. Higher environmental temperatures enhanced Azolla effect. The effect of Inorganic N significantly increased plant height, tiller number, grain weight and spikelets panicle-1. However, percentage grain filling was reduced. The effect of interaction between Azolla application and inorganic N was significant on spikelets panicle-1 and grain weight. Observations therefore indicate that the effect of Azolla on yield and yield components was more when incorporated at transplanting. Key words: Azolla, incorporation time, inorganic fertilizer, rice yields.
Snow Leopard Monitoring Methodology Field Report

The secretive nature of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) makes them difficult to monitor, yet conservation efforts require accurate and precise methods to estimate abundance. We assessed accuracy of Snow Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS) sign surveys by comparing them with 4 methods for estimating snow leopard abundance: predator:prey biomass ratios, capture–recapture density estimation, photo-capture rate, and individual identification through genetic analysis. We recorded snow leopard sign during standardized surveys in the SaryChat Zapovednik, the Jangart hunting reserve, and the Tomur Strictly Protected Area, in the Tien Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan and China. During June–December 2005, adjusted sign averaged 46.3 (SaryChat), 94.6 (Jangart), and 150.8 (Tomur) occurrences/km. We used counts of ibex (Capra ibex) and argali (Ovis ammon) to estimate available prey biomass and subsequent potential snow leopard densities of 8.7 (SaryChat), 1.0 (Jangart), and 1.1 (Tomur) snow leopards/100 km. Photo capture–recapture density estimates were 0.15 (n 1⁄4 1 identified individual/1 photo), 0.87 (n1⁄44/13), and 0.74 (n1⁄45/6) individuals/100 km in SaryChat, Jangart, and Tomur, respectively. Photo-capture rates (photos/100 trap-nights) were 0.09 (SaryChat), 0.93 (Jangart), and 2.37 (Tomur). Genetic analysis of snow leopard fecal samples provided minimum population sizes of 3 (SaryChat), 5 (Jangart), and 9 (Tomur) snow leopards. These results suggest SLIMS sign surveys may be affected by observer bias and environmental variance. However, when such bias and variation are accounted for, sign surveys indicate relative abundances similar to photo rates and genetic individual identification results. Density or abundance estimates based on capture–recapture or ungulate biomass did not agree with other indices of abundance. Confidence in estimated densities, or even detection of significant changes in abundance of snow leopard, will require more effort and better documentation. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 72(8):1826–
Assessing strategies for distribution of misoprostol at community level and its uptake for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in two semi-urban communities in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria

Introduction: This study assessed two strategies for distribution of misoprostol using identified and trained community persons (village heads) and distribution in a Primary Health Care (PHC) facility during antenatal visits and its uptake for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in two semi-urban communities in Sabon-Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Northwest Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Using a quasi-experimental study design, two semi-urban communities, Hayin Dogo and Basawa, in Sabon-Gari LGA of Kaduna State were selected, and each was assigned either of the two misoprostol distribution methods using balloting. At baseline, 300 women who had delivered within 6 months of onset of the study were sampled in the two communities using multistage sampling technique. Using structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires, information was collected on their knowledge of PPH, misoprostol and its uptake after delivery. This was followed by communication interventions, mainly through community dialogues to raise awareness and create demand for misoprostol, identification, and training of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and drug keepers in the two communities and positioning of the drug in the PHC center in Hayin Dogo and at community level in Basawa community. Subsequently, all the 320 deliveries in the two communities that occurred during the 6 months following intervention were identified at endline and the same questionnaire administered to the women. A monitoring phase was carried out for 6 months in between the pre- and postintervention where 284 deliveries in Hayin Dogo and Basawa communities were monitored whether they used or did not use misoprostol during home births. Results: Respondents knowledge significantly improved from 2.0% at baseline to 7.1% postintervention in Hayin Dogo (χ2 = 4.7; df = 1; P < 0.05) and from 2.7% to 7.3% in Basawa, (χ2 = 3.4; df = 1; P < 0.05). The uptake of misoprostol rose from 0% to 48.5% in Hayin Dogo and 37.7% in Basawa. There was no statistically significant difference in uptake of misoprostol in the two communities (z = −1.9; df = 318; P > 0.05). The educational level of the women had a greater influence on their use of misoprostol. Conclusion: There was an increase in knowledge of prevention and treatment of PPH. The intervention led to significant increase in the use of misoprostol, but the method of distribution did not significantly affect the uptake of the drug. Both strategies are feasible for distributing misoprostol for increasing its use at home deliveries.
Object-based analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle imagery to map and characterise surface features on a debris-covered glacier

Debris-covered glaciers in the Himalaya may have spatially-averaged rates of surface height change that are similar to those observed on bare-ice glaciers, despite the insulating effects of thick debris. Spatially heterogeneous melt patterns caused by the development and evolution of ice cliffs and supraglacial pond systems result in substantial mass losses over time. However, mechanisms controlling the formation and survival of cliffs and ponds remain largely unknown. To study the distribution and characteristics of these surface features we deploy an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over a stretch of the debris-covered Langtang Glacier, Nepal. Acquired images are processed into high-resolution orthomosaics and elevation models with the Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry algorithm. Ice cliffs and ponds are classified using object-based image analysis (OBIA) and their morphology and spatial distribution are analysed and evaluated using object, pixel and point cloud approaches. Results show that ice cliffs are predominantly north-facing, and larger ice cliffs are generally coupled with supraglacial ponds, which may affect their evolution considerably. The spatial distribution of ice cliffs indicates that they are more likely to form in areas where high strain rates are expected. The spatial configuration of ponds over the entire tongue reveals high pond density near confluences, possibly due to closure of conduits via transverse compression. We conclude that the combination of OBIA and UAV imagery is a valuable tool in the semi-automatic and objective analysis of surface features on debris-covered glaciers. The technique may also have potential for upscaling to the use of spaceborne imagery, and the use of UAV-derived point clouds to analyse ice cliff undercuts is promising. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FORAMINIFERS IN THE FOSSIL RECORD: IMPLICATIONS FOR AN ECOLOGICAL ZONATION MODEL

WHAT THIS ARTICLE IS ABOUT Foraminifers — shelled protozoans — are found fossilized in marine sedimentary rocks through most of the geologic column. They exemplify many of the problems of fitting the fossil record into a short chronology. These problems include the existence of large numbers of specimens and thousands of named species, and apparent evolutionary sequences of simple to more complex forms. Any short-time creationist model must be able to explain these features. Foraminifers are able to reproduce rapidly and are quite variable morphologically, depending on environmental conditions. These factors make it seem plausible that the numbers of species and individuals in the geologic column could have lived in the time since creation week. In addition, the general distribution of foraminifers in the fossil record resembles their depth profile in the ocean today, with benthic forms distributed through a greater variety of environments than planktonic species. Although not a comprehensive study, the results suggest that the distribution of foraminifers in the geologic column may be consistent with an explanation based on burial by a worldwide flood.
Prediction of Electron Beam Depth of Penetration

Analytical and experimental results showing the relationship between electron beam welding machine settings and penetration depth were reviewed. This led to the development of the following proposed equation for representing the relation between partial penetration and the independent variables involved in electron beam welding: (P/dka0m) = 3.33(vw/aa) The dimensionless group on the left contains the ratio of the beam power P to penetration depth d multiplied by the average thermal conductivity ka and the melting temperature above ambient 6m. The dimensionless group on the right ( v w / a j includes the effect of welding velocity v and fusion zone width at the surface w divided by the average thermal diffusivity aa of the workpiece. Data scatter was of the order of ±40% for values of ( v w / « J <1.0, improving to around ±20% for (vw/aa) >10. Estimates of the effects of possible deviations of machine settings from reported or optimum values were of the order of magnitude of the data scatter. Beam focus coil current deviation was found to have the greatest influence on predicted penetration. The priority for precision in machine settings was concluded to be the following: 1) optimum beam focus coil current, 2) beam voltage or current, 3) welding velocity, and 4) focus coil to work distance.
Uncovering the potential differentially expressed miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma based on machine learning in The Cancer Genome Atlas database

The present study aimed to identify novel diagnostic differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression data of miRNA and mRNA were downloaded for differential expression analysis. Optimal diagnostic differentially expressed miRNA biomarkers were identified via a random forest algorithm. Classification models were established to distinguish patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and normal individuals. A regulatory network between optimal diagnostic differentially expressed miRNA and differentially expressed mRNAs was then constructed. The GSE63046 dataset and in vitro experiments were used to validate the expression of the optimal diagnostic differentially expressed miRNAs identified. In addition, diagnostic and prognostic analyses of optimal diagnostic differentially expressed miRNAs were performed. In total, 14 differentially expressed miRNAs (all upregulated) and 2,982 differentially expressed mRNAs (1,989 upregulated and 993 downregulated) were identified. hsa-miR-10b-5p, hsa-miR-10b-3p, hsa-miR-224-5p, hsa-miR-183-5p and hsa-miR-182-5p were considered as the optimal diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. The mRNAs targeted by these five miRNAs included secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1), endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3), four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2), NK3 homeobox 1 (NKX3-1), interleukin 6 signal transducer (IL6ST) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). ‘Bile acid biosynthesis and cholesterol’ was the most enriched signaling pathways of these target mRNAs. The expression validation of the five miRNAs was consistent with the present bioinformatics analysis. Notably, hsa-miR-10b-5p and hsa-miR-10b-3p had a significant prognosis value for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In conclusion, the five differentially expressed miRNAs may be considered as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the differential expression levels of the targets of these five mRNAs, including SFRP1, EDNRB, NR4A3, FHL2, NKX3−1, IL6ST and FOXO1, may be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis.
Collembola and seed germination: relevance of substrate quality and evidence for seed attack

Besides species-specific characteristics and abiotic conditions, germination rate of seeds depends on biotic interactions such as seed predation and fungal-induced mortality. We investigated the influence of Folsomia candida Willem, 1902 on the germination rate of four grassland plant species (Agrostis capillaris L., Hypericum perforatum L., Plantago major L. and Vicia cracca L.) in grassland soils and in artificial soil under laboratory conditions. Just one of the selected plant species, H. perforatum, showed a significant positive increase in germination rate in presence of the euedaphic F. candida in the artificial soil substrate whereas no effect was found in natural soils. The influence of Collembola on seed germination therefore appears highly dependent both on the experimental conditions and on the Collembola species studied. However, the study at the same time revealed an unexpected observation which opens another aspect under which Collembola might directly influence seed mortality: Pictures made during the germination experiment gave evidence that individuals of F. candida fed on the mucilaginous seed coat as well as on the seed embryo of P. major under the prevailing conditions. This effect was confirmed in a second experiment in the natural soil Lufa 2.2. The overall impact on seed germination was only small, but significant. Besides one hidden hint in a book, so far it has not been reported in the literature that Collembola use seeds as a food source and therefore can potentially act as seed predators.