Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tackling the World's Fastest-Growing HIV Epidemic: More Efficient HIV Responses in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

The Eastern Europe and Central Asia region has the world’s fastest growing HIV epidemic. Although still concentrated, the epidemic has diversified, affecting several key populations in many countries. This change has increased the number of people in need, the ways the epidemic can spread, and the complexity of formulating an effective strategy to combat it. At the same time, international funding is insufficient to cover the growing need, and domestic plans to cover the funding gaps, in many cases, fall short. In this environment, the need to use data to make the best possible decisions about using available funds is essential. Tackling the World’s Fastest-Growing HIV Epidemic tells the story of how, in 11 countries across Eastern Europe and Central Asia, small groups of decision-makers and experts came together to carry out innovative, groundbreaking analyses for each country. It details the steps these nations have taken to strengthen their HIV programs based on the findings while highlighting critical issues for the road ahead. In so doing, the book also shows the potential of what can be done with a mathematical model and how it can support real-life improvements in policy and more efficacious budget allocations. It is the record of a unique undertaking to improve public health investments that offers lessons for many communities.
Corporate Governance Practice, Net Income Growth and Net Profit Margin: Evidence from Selected Commercial Banks in an Emerging Economy in Sub Saharan Africa – Nigeria

This study presents a re-examination of how net income growth and net profit margin of selected commercial banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) are affected by corporate governance practice for the period 2005 to 2017. The Panel Ordinary Least Square (POLS) was employed to determine the relationship between corporate governance practice, net income growth and net profit margin of commercial banks, while the granger causality technique was followed in evaluating the effect of corporate governance variables on net income growth and net profit margin. After performing the analysis, we found that it is only age of the board as a corporate governance variable that significantly affect net profit margin of selected commercial banks. With respect to the banks’ specific fundamentals, it was the debt structure that significantly influenced net profit margin. We concluded hereby that corporate governance practice has little effect in predicting net income growth and net profit margin of commercial banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange on the argument that it is only the board age that influenced net profit margin significantly. We are of the opinion and still maintain that appointment into the board should be on the bases of age and experience not on friendship or relation. A young vibrant mind with skills and required experience can bring a lot of innovative ideas that is capable of even skyrocketing profitability to the amazement of shareholders. This is not to say that elderliness is an incapacitating factor in that regard.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Illigera celebica

Abstract Illigera celebica is an evergreen woody vine that belongs to genus Illigera Bl in the family Hernandiaceae and has medicinal value. The complete chloroplast genome of I. celebica was sequenced to determine its phylogenetic location with respect to the other species under the Laurales. Its whole chloroplast genome is 156,123 bp in length, and comprises a large single-copy region (LSC, 84,913 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC,18,775 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 26,217 bp). The overall GC content is 39.2% (LSC, 37.8%; SSC, 33.9%; IR, 43.4%). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysise (TVM + F + R2 model) was conducted using 15 complete chloroplast genomes of Laurales, and the results confirmed that Hernandia nymphaeifolia and Wilkiea huegeliana were located in the same lineage.
The Role of Ownership in Increasing Firm Value of Manufacturing Industry in Indonesia

Article Info Abstract This study explores the impact of the structure, audit committee, firm size and productivity of the independent commissioner on the valuation of Indonesia Stock Exchange-listed manufacturing companies. The population of this study is manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia's 2013-2015 stock exchange (IDX), which released a full annual report and published in the Indonesian Capital Market Directory. Researchers used a purposive sampling method and employed 208 companies as samples, and data processing in the study used multiple linear regression. Findings. This study find that the independent commissioner’s composition and Audit Committee has no significant effect on firm value. Finding also shows that firm size and profitability has a positive significant effect on firm value. Based on those findings, investors have to use financial information, especially financial reports, as information for longterm investment decisions. The finding may be useful for the listed companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange since they must know their size and profitability, and those variables are important to enhance their value.
Resource‐related variables drive individual variation in flowering phenology and mediate population‐level flowering responses to climate in an asynchronously reproducing palm

Many tropical plant species show wide intra‐population variation in reproductive timing, resulting in the protracted presence of flowering and fruiting individuals. Various eco‐evolutionary drivers have been proposed as ultimate causes for asynchronous phenology, yet little is known about the proximate factors that control reproductive onset among individuals or that influence the proportion of trees producing new inflorescences within a population. We employed a nine‐year phenological record from 178 individuals of the hyperdominant, asynchronously flowering canopy palm, Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae)¸ to assess whether resource‐related variables influence individual‐ and population‐level flowering phenology. Among individuals, access to sunlight increased rates of inflorescence production, while the presence of resource sinks related to current investment in reproduction—developing infructescences—reduced the probability of producing new inflorescences. At the population level, climate anomalies induced by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affected the proportion of the population producing inflorescences through time. Moreover, the effects of ENSO anomalies on flowering patterns depended on the prevalence of developing infructescences in the population, with stronger effects in periods of low developing‐infructescence frequency. Taken together, these results suggest that resource‐related variables can drive phenological differences among individuals and mediate population‐level responses to larger‐scale variables, such as climate anomalies. Consequently, a greater focus on the role of resource levels as endogenous cues for reproduction might help explain the frequent aseasonal phenological patterns observed among tropical plants, particularly those showing high intra‐population asynchrony.
A Numerical Investigation of Clustered Spheres Separating in Mach 20 Flow

In the current study, the separation of equal-sized spheres from initial touching configurations at Mach 20 is examined through numerical simulations using a coupled CFD/FEA solver. Comparison of computational results with free-flight wind tunnel trajectories is conducted, and modest dependence on viscosity is observed, namely in the form of enhanced drag, although errors in lateral velocity are deemed low enough for computational results to be considered representative of actual sphere motions. A survey of two initially touching spheres at various alignment angles reveals a bimodal distribution of separation behaviors, with a stable region of persistent contact detected. From a different survey of four spheres arranged in the form of a tetrahedron, the final lateral velocity is correlated to initial polar positioning in the cluster, and a common assumption of purely radial spreading is supported by minimal changes in azimuthal positioning. Finally, a reduced parameterization of tetrahedron orientation allows for characterization of collective separation velocities and center-of-mass motion.
The Differential Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Segments of Students

Inconclusive prior research on the effects of entrepreneurship education may be an aggregation artefact because student subjects were assumed to be homogenous. Accordingly, we examine the impact of entrepreneurship education on student intention, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude towards entrepreneurship among theoretically relevant sub-groups of Norwegian business students. We find that at aggregate level, self-efficacy increases while attitude towards entrepreneurship and intentions remain unchanged. However, on closer examination we find that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude towards entrepreneurship increase for some subgroups of students, decrease for other subgroups of students, and have opposite, cancelling, changes for still others. Such unmasking of the true effects of entrepreneurship education helps ensure that pedagogy, funding, and public policy decisions are made appropriately.
Profile of Protozoa Isolated from Stool Samples in Yaounde, Cameroon

Background: Intestinal parasitic infestations are among the most common communicable diseases in the world with a higher prevalence in developing countries. They are caused by protozoa which have long been associated with foodborne and waterborne disease outbreaks. The aim of our study was to present the profile of protozoa isolated from stool samples in Yaounde from 2010-2020 and to analyse the association of intestinal parasitic diseases with age and gender during the same period. Methods: This retrospective and observational study was carried out from January 04, 2010 to January 10, 2020 in Yaounde, capital of the Center region, at Centre Pasteur of Cameroon. After collecting the stool samples, the intestinal protozoa were identified using the Bailenger concentration technique and staining with Kop-Color II. Microscopic observation between slide and coverglass was focused on trophozoites and cysts of protozoa. Results: A total of 106.846 stool samples were analyzed during the study period and the overall infestation rate of intestinal protozoa was 8.4% (8958 samples positive for the presence of a protozoan). Women were the most represented with 5697 samples (9.0%) compared to 3052 (7.5%) samples for men. This difference in gender distribution was significant (pEntamoeba hartmanni, 1.9% for Entamoeba coli, 1.8% for Entamoeba histolytica histolytica, 0.4% for Trichomonas intestinalis, 0.4% for Entamoeba histolytica minuta, 0.3% for Gardia duodenalis, 0.2% for Chilomatix mesnilii, 0.1% for Endolimax nana, 0.04% for Isospora belli, 0.02% for Balantidium coli, 0.006% for Cyclospora cayetanensis and 0.003% for Pseudolimax butschlii. A statistically significant association of age groups (pConclusion: The overall infestation rate of intestinal protozoa is high in Yaounde with highest contamination being amongst women and people 32 years of age. Moreover, despite the significant decrease of infestations over the years, measures must still be taken to prevent diseases caused by intestinal protozoa in the Cameroonian context.
The Impact of the Entrepreneurship Promotion Programs and the Social Networks on the Sustainability Entrepreneurial Motivation of Engineering Students

This paper presents the results of three academic courses in which Entrepreneurship Promotion Programs (EPP) have been developed for engineering students at the University of Jaén. This study describes the activities and how they have been promoted using the social networks Facebook and Twitter. Grytics for Analytics software was used for monitoring Facebook activity. The use of these tools has also allowed the collaborative development of the Engineering degree competencies related to sustainability and entrepreneurship through the Materials Science disciplines. The study is based on questionnaires before and after the EPP which involved a sample of 459 engineering students. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Pearson’s correlation were used. The questionnaires show which factors have the strongest influence on the intention to undertake entrepreneurial activity. Motivation (MO), personal requirements (PR), perception of the environment (PE) and the background requirements (BR) were the factors considered. The statistical study shows that PE and PR have a strong influence on MO. Finally, through the study before and after the EPP, the success of the activities and the use of social networks have been demonstrated. The results indicate that the activities of the EPP influence the perception of the environment and the motivation of the engineering students. However, the personal requirements are not affected by the activities.
The complete mitochondrial genome of common terrestrial frog (Rana temporaria)

Abstract In this study, we presented the complete mitochondrial genome of common terrestrial frog (Rana temporaria). The circular genome is 16,061 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosome RNA genes and 1 D-loop control regions. The overall nucleotide composition is: 27.3% A, 28.8% T, 28.9% C, and 15.1% G, with a total G + C content of 44.0%. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to validate the taxonomic status of Rana temporaria, exhibiting it a well-supported monophyletic branch in the group of genus Rana.
Same or different? Abstract relational concept use in juvenile bamboo sharks and Malawi cichlids

Abstract Sorting objects and events into categories and concepts is an important cognitive prerequisite that spares an individual the learning of every object or situation encountered in its daily life. Accordingly, specific items are classified in general groups that allow fast responses to novel situations. The present study assessed whether bamboo sharks Chiloscyllium griseum and Malawi cichlids Pseudotropheus zebra can distinguish sets of stimuli (each stimulus consisting of two abstract, geometric objects) that meet two conceptual preconditions, i.e., (1) “sameness” versus “difference” and (2) a certain spatial arrangement of both objects. In two alternative forced choice experiments, individuals were first trained to choose two different, vertically arranged objects from two different but horizontally arranged ones. Pair discriminations were followed by extensive transfer test experiments. Transfer tests using stimuli consisting of (a) black and gray circles and (b) squares with novel geometric patterns provided conflicting information with respect to the learnt rule “choose two different, vertically arranged objects”, thereby investigating (1) the individuals’ ability to transfer previously gained knowledge to novel stimuli and (2) the abstract relational concept(s) or rule(s) applied to categorize these novel objects. Present results suggest that the level of processing and usage of both abstract concepts differed considerably between bamboo sharks and Malawi cichlids. Bamboo sharks seemed to combine both concepts—although not with equal but hierarchical prominence—pointing to advanced cognitive capabilities. Conversely, Malawi cichlids had difficulties in discriminating between symbols and failed to apply the acquired training knowledge on new sets of geometric and, in particular, gray-level transfer stimuli.
Keeping Friends Close, But Enemies Closer: Foreign Aid Responses to Natural Disasters

If foreign aid is provided primarily for strategic reasons, as much of the field finds, how can donor generosity following natural disasters be explained? This article addresses this puzzle by building on the literature in three ways. First, it differentiates between three major types of aid: humanitarian, civil society and development. Second, it demonstrates that natural disasters act as an exogenous shock to the strategic calculus that donor countries undertake when making foreign aid allocation decisions. Specifically, the authors argue that donor countries use natural disasters as opportunities to exert influence on strategic opponents through the allocation of humanitarian and civil society aid. However, donors still reserve development aid for strategic allies irrespective of the incidence of natural disasters. Third, the findings are substantiated using a new measure of strategic interest that accounts for the indirect ties states share and the multiple dimensions upon which they interact.
THE DIFFERENCES OF COGNITIVE STYLE FIELDS-INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT ON STUDENTS' MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITIES

The study aims to determine the differences in field-independent cognitive styles with a dependent on students' mathematical problem solving abilities. This researcher uses a quantitative approach with a correlational survey method with factual exposure research types. The study population was the seventh grade students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Lombok Timur, amounting to 680. The sampling used was simple random sampling technique. The sampling technique uses percentage techniques. From a population of 680 people taken 10%, so the number of samples in this study was 68 people. The hypothesis analysis test used the t test with SPSS 22. The results showed that there was a difference between students' mathematical problem solving abilities in the group of students who had a field independent cognitive style and a group of students who had a field dependent cognitive style. the principal in recruiting students to enter the Madrasah Tsnawiyah, not only the value of the results of the National Primary School exam but rather the grouping of students based on independent and field dependent cognitive field styles
TMT socio-demographic traits and employee satisfaction

Abstract Leveraging upper echelons theory, this study explores the relationship between top management teams’ (TMT) socio-demographic traits and employee satisfaction. Analyzing employee satisfaction survey data for 197 Indian firms from the information technology, entertainment and tourism industries, we find that a TMT’s higher average age and larger size deteriorates employee satisfaction. Furthermore, functional and educational heterogeneity is positively related to employee satisfaction. We discuss the implications of this research for employee job satisfaction as well as upper echelons theory.
Towards Financial Sustainability of the Hospital Sector in Poland—A Post Hoc Evaluation of Policy Approaches

In Poland, as well as in many other countries around the world, hospitals constitute the cornerstone of health care provision. In 2020, hospitals stand at the frontline of the fight with the coronavirus pandemic, and are facing huge pressures. The issue of supporting the financial sustainability of the hospital sector has become especially important. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Provide a retrospective evaluation of the reforms aimed at improving the financial sustainability of hospitals in Poland, adopted and implemented within the last two decades (2000–2019), and (2) identify the main drivers of hospitals’ financial standing. A longitudinal analysis (2003–2018) of the stock of public hospital debt in Poland was also conducted. Methods applied included statistical data analysis and literature review. Results indicate that diverse top-down approaches (debt-relief programs with restructuration or corporatization elements as well as hospital network reform) provided limited results in terms of the improvement of the individual hospitals’ financial standing. The reasons for the reforms’ failures were mixed. Public hospitals operate under a unique and complex system of regulations with diverse external stakeholders and/or determinants influencing hospital revenues and cost generation. A more comprehensive and evidence-based approach is needed in developing policies aimed at supporting hospitals’ financial sustainability in Poland.
Tuning energy harvesting devices with different layout angles to robust the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion performance

This research presents an engineering approach to fabricate multilayered electrospun nanofiber mats with high conversion performance of mechanical to electrical energy as well as improved physical stability. Electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber webs were prepared with predefined nanofiber alignments. Fiber alignments and layer-by-layer deposition angles are considered as a tool to adjust the piezoelectric responses of multi-layered fibrous mats. Samples with optimized drum speed and maximum aligned nanofibers were utilized to fabricate multi-layered mats in different layering angles from the fiber direction of base layer (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and 180 ° ). The effect of layering angle of multi-layered nanogenerators on their piezoelectric responses was investigated using an image analysis approach based on the fast Fourier transform. Multivariate analyses (ANOVA) performed to reveal the relationship between increasing drum speed and nanofibers alignment and the degree of crystallization as well as the formation of β-phase in the fiber crystalline structure. Results showed that increase in drum speeds had a relative improvement in the crystal structure and the formation of β-phase in the electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber webs. Furthermore, electrical response of samples with well-aligned polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers collected at 1800 r/min led to 94.49% improvement when they were exposed by a periodic mechanical impact compared to non-aligned polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber webs. Piezoelectric response of multilayered samples with layering angles of 120 ° showed 41% improvement in their electrical output compared to those with 0 ° . These results teach us to establish engineering design rules for textile-based energy conversion devices with different piezoelectric coefficients.
Hiding from the Truth: When and How Cover Enables Information Avoidance

More information is available today than ever before, yet at times consumers choose to avoid it. Even with useful information (I should ﬁnd out), people may prefer ignorance (But I don’t want to). Seven studies ( N ¼ 4,271) and ﬁve supple- mental studies ( N ¼ 3,013) apply the concept of “cover” to information avoidance for consumer choices with real ﬁnancial consequences. More consumers avoid in- formation with cover—that is, when they can attribute their decision to another feature of a product or decision context rather than to information they want to avoid. Cover increases avoidance when consumers face intrapersonal conﬂict—when consumers want to avoid information that they believe they should receive (e.g., calorie information). As such, the effect of cover is reduced by decreasing want– should conﬂict, whether by reducing the should preference to receive information or the want preference to avoid it. Furthermore, cover increases avoidance by helping consumers justify a decision to themselves: avoidance increases only when people can attribute their decision to a relevant (vs. irrelevant) product feature and operates in public and private settings. Together, this research offers the- oretical insights into consumers’ information avoidance and how cover itself operates, with practical implications for marketers.