Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bullying, Cyberbullying and the Overlap: What Does Age Have to Do with It?

School bullying and cyberbullying represent the most common forms of victimization during childhood and adolescence in many countries across the globe. Although they can be studied as distinct phenomena with their own defining characteristics, there is evidence to suggest that they are related and often co-occur. The present research aimed to estimate the rates of school bullying and cyberbullying, studied their evolution by age, and analyzed any possible overlap between the two. An empirical study was carried out with a large sample of children and adolescents in Galicia, Spain (N = 2083), where 10–17 year olds were presented with The European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire. School bullying was found to be more prevalent than cyberbullying, with 25.1% involved as victims and 14.3% as bully-victims, while the cyberbullying rates were 9.4% for victims and 5.8% for bully-victims. Perpetration rates were similar for school and cyberbullying (4.4% and 4.3% respectively). The overlap between both phenomena adds to the evidence for a whole-community approach to tackling all types of bullying and victimization experiences, as opposed to each in silo. The clear age differences in bullying behaviours also suggest the appropriateness of tailoring anti-bullying programs to target specific age groups.
Terrestrial or marine? – Indications towards the origin of Ice
Nucleating Particles during melt season in the European Arctic up
to 83.7° N

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) initiate the primary ice formation in clouds at temperatures above ca. −38° C and have an impact on precipitation formation, cloud optical properties and cloud persistence. Despite their roles in both weather and climate, INPs are not well characterized, especially in remote regions such as the Arctic. We present results from a ship-based campaign to the European Arctic in May to July 2017. We deployed a filter sampler and a continuous flow diffusion chamber for off- and online INP analysis, respectively. We also investigated the ice nucleation properties of samples from different environmental compartments, i.e., the sea surface microlayer (SML), the bulk seawater (BSW), and fog water. Concentrations of INP (NINP) in the air vary between two to three orders of magnitudes at any particular temperature and are, except for the temperatures above −10° C and below −32° C, lower than in mid-latitudes. In these temperature ranges INP concentrations are the same or even higher than in the mid-latitudes. Heating of the filter samples to 95° C for 1 hour we found a significant reduction in ice nucleation activity, i.e., indications that the INPs active at warmer temperatures are biogenic. At colder temperatures the INP population was likely dominated by mineral dust. The SML was found to be enriched in INP compared to the BSW in almost all samples. The enrichment factor (EF) varied mostly between 1 and 10, but EFs as high as 94.97 were also observed. Filtration of the seawater samples with 0.2 µm syringe filters lead to a significant reduction in ice activity, indicating the INPs are larger, and/or are associated with particles larger than 0.2 µm. A closure study showed that aerosolization of SML and/or seawater alone cannot explain the observed air-borne NINP unless significant enrichment of INP by a factor of 105 takes place during the transfer from the ocean surface to the atmosphere. In the fog water samples with −3.47° C we observed the highest freezing onset of any sample. A closure study connecting NINP in fog water and the ambient NINP derived from the filter samples shows good agreement of the concentrations in both compartments, which indicates that INPs in the air are likely all activated into fog droplets during fog events. In a case study we considered a situation during which the ship was located in the marginal sea ice zone and NINP in air and the SML were highest in the temperature range above −10° C. Chlorophyll-a measurements by satellite remote sensing point towards the waters in the investigated region being biologically active. Heat induced reduction of ice nucleating ability indicated the biogenic nature of the air-borne INPs. Similar slopes in the temperature spectra suggested a connection between the INP populations in the SML and the air. Air mass history had no influence on the observed air-borne INP population. Therefore, we conclude that during the case study collected air-borne INPs originated from a local biogenic probably marine source.
Ionic Liquid Membrane for Carbon Capture and Separation

ABSTRACT Carbon dioxide capture from industrial gases (i.e., flue gases and natural gas) is a crucial process for reducing the environmental impacts of acid gas emissions. However, carbon dioxide capture that is generally performed by amine-based solvent faces operational problems due to the properties of the solvent. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as promising candidates for replacing the amine-based solvent due to their low vapor pressure (near-zero), high stability, as well as tunable structure and properties. The functionalized ILs are considered superior in terms of their ease of regeneration as well as high absorption capacity and selectivity toward CO2. Combining the functionalized ILs with membrane processes has opened up a new horizon in CO2 capture technology. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest developments in the application of ionic liquid membranes (ILMs) for CO2 capture, including supported ILMs (SILMs), poly-ILMs (PILMs), polymer-IL composite membranes, mixed-matrix-membranes, with special attention to ILM contactors. The absorption mechanisms of CO2 in the ILs are pictured and discussed.
Reasons for Drinking Alcohol and Their Relation to Sexual Behaviours among Young Portuguese People

Alcohol consumption is considered one of the factors with the greatest impact on health. In turn, the use/abuse of alcohol also presents itself as one of the main factors responsible for the involvement in sexual risk behaviours by young people. Therefore, understanding the main reasons that lead young people to consume alcohol is essential to invest in promoting their health and preventing sexual risk behaviours. This paper aims to study the validation of the Portuguese version of the DMQ-R SF in young people aged between 18 and 24 years old and to understand whether the reasons for drinking alcohol are associated with sexual risk behaviours and characteristics of groups of young people. The study includes 1166 young people, with an average age of 21.1 years (SD = 1.92), 72.3% being female. Most participants reported having drunk alcohol in the last 12 months (78.4%) and having had sexual intercourse (89.6%). More than one third of the participants reported having had sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol or other drugs (39.2%) and 23.5% reported having occasional sexual partners. The reasons for drinking alcohol can be broken down into four types, namely personal satisfaction (enjoyment), social reasons (socialization), social integration (peer pressure), and reasons for dealing with uneasy situations or to overcome difficulties and relieve feelings that generate unease (coping). Regarding sexual behaviours, a significant relationship was found between the reasons for drinking alcohol and the two previously mentioned sexual risk behaviours, suggesting the need for the development of public policies aimed at education and health promotion of young people, including the implementation of educational practices in the academic environment, in the community and in health units.
Adaptive Challenges, Adaptive Work, and Adaptive Leadership Among Women Living With HIV in the Southern United States: Findings From a Qualitative Study

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Abstract Women living with HIV have a higher burden of non-AIDS comorbidities and prevalence of chronic conditions. The Adaptive Leadership Framework for Chronic Illness clarifies living with complex health challenges by delineating the technical work of health care providers as well as the adaptive work and leadership behaviors of patients and their providers. We conducted a descriptive, qualitative study of women residing in the Southern United States who were participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study in North Carolina. Twenty-two participants (mean age = 52.2 years; 90.9% self-identifying as Black or African American) completed semi-structured qualitative interviews. We identified adaptive challenges (e.g., affective and disclosure challenges) and adaptive work and leadership behaviors. Women learned skills to care for their health and support their families and to work with their providers to manage their care. Findings support the importance of identifying leadership behaviors for the purpose of developing person-centered interventions.
Field measurement and numerical simulation of snow deposition on an embankment in snowdrift

Snow accumulation on the road frequently induces a big traffic problem in the cold snowy region. Accurate prediction on snow distribution is fundamental for solving drifting snow disasters on roads. The present study adopts the transient method to simulate the wind-induced snow distribution on embankment based on the mixture multiphase model and dynamic mesh technique. The simulation and field measurement are compared to confirm the applicability of the simulation. Furthermore, the process of snow accumulation is revealed. The effects of friction velocity and snow concentration on snow accumulation are analyzed to clarify its mechanism. The results show that the simulation agrees well with the field measurement in trends. Moreover, the snow accumulation on the embankment can be approximately divided into three stages with time, the snow firstly deposited on the windward side, then, accumulation occurs on the leeward side which induced by the wake vortex, finally, the snow distribution reaches an equilibrium state with the slope of approximately 7°. The friction velocity and duration have a significant influence on the snow accumulation, and the vortex scale directly affected the snow deposition range on the embankment leeward side.
The Value of Colorectal Filling Contrast Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Paediatric Juvenile Polyps

Objectives: To describe a facilitated procedure of colorectal filling contrast ultrasonography (CFCUS) and investigate its potential role in the assessment of paediatric juvenile polyps. Methods: The general information, clinical symptoms, ultrasound image characteristics, and colonoscopy findings of 101 children with clinical signs of colorectal polyps admitted to our hospital between May 2018 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. All children underwent conventional transabdominal ultrasonography (CTUS), and CFCUS before colonoscopy, and the latter served as the gold standard. Chi-squared tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Forty-five children with fifty-two colorectal polyps were diagnosed by colonoscopy. Ten polyps had false-negative results on CTUS, six of which were detected by CFCUS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CFCUS vs CTUS was 92.3% vs 80.7%, 100% vs 100%, 100% vs 100%, 93.3% vs 84.8%, respectively. The maximum diameter of polyps (mean ± standard deviation) missed by CTUS was significantly smaller than that detected by CTUS (7.50±2.12 mm [range 4–12 mm] vs. 19.62±7.89 mm [range 6–41 mm], P<0.0001). A significant difference was observed between CTUS and CFCUS. The difference between CTUS and CFCUS regarding the detection rate of polyps with a diameter < 1 cm (P=0.031). A statistical difference was observed in the detection rate of polyps (P=0.031), and pedicles (P<0.001) between CTUS and CFCUS. The Kappa values for the assessment of Yamada’s classification between CTUS and colonoscopy and CFCUS and colonoscopy were 0.51 and 0.84, respectively. Six colonic polyps were accompanied by a punctate hyperechoic area on the surface, which may be suggestive of a correlation with erosion and bleeding findings.Conclusion: CFCUS can increase the detection rate of polyps and pedicles, especially polyps with diameters <1 cm, and accurately evaluate Yamada’s classification, providing useful preoperative information for colonoscopy.
Social participation and life satisfaction among older adults: diversity of practices and social inequality in Switzerland

Abstract This paper examines the associations between social participation and individual life satisfaction among older adults. It specifically considers the diversity of the practices and social inequalities among this population. For analyses, we used a large survey of individuals of 65 years and older conducted in 2011 in Switzerland (N = 2,727). The first set of linear regression analyses examines Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale and its association with various indicators of social participation. While the second set of logistic regression addresses the issue of social inequalities by evaluating the impacts of gender, age group, region and education on social participation indicators that are significantly associated with the satisfaction with life score. Our results stressed the importance of combining multiple forms of participation for life satisfaction and shows that some forms are particularly meaningful: in particular, the involvement in associations, visitation of family or visitation of friends/acquaintances and church attendance. When inequalities among older adults are considered, having rich and varied social participation, being involved in associations and maintaining private sociability with non-kin appear more elitist. While institutionalised and/or private sociability types of participation appear particularly significant for older adults’ life satisfaction, the most traditional integration forms – i.e. family and religions – are crucial for the more vulnerable. Implications for active ageing was equally discussed as well.
The sense of being there during online classes: analysis of usability and presence in web-conferencing systems and virtual reality social platforms

ABSTRACT Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, millions of people had to stay at home for several months and to move their everyday activities online. From smart-working to online learning, also considering entertainment activities, people started to extensively use platforms for remote communication and for sharing video, text, and audio content. Such systems are able to cope with the need of communicating, but the common feeling is that people, and especially students, are missing the physical relationships with classmates and colleagues. In this paper, we analyse two modalities that can be used to give an online University lecture, by focusing on the ‘sense of presence’, i.e. on the ability to produce into students the psychological sense of being in a classroom together with the teacher and their classmates. We consider a standard web-conferencing system, and a Virtual Reality social platform. We also take into account the ‘usability’ factors, to understand if extended reality systems could be, in a near future, a possible alternative to improve distance lectures and meetings.
Japan-AfCFTA Integration Through Economic Impacts of Alternative EPA Scenarios

This paper analyzes the impact on an economic partnership agreement (EPA) between African countries and Japan through trade liberalization and reduction in non-tariff barriers. This study aims to investigate sectoral interconnections and participation in the EPA that would facilitate further possible opportunities for Japan-African businesses. The methodology employed is the Computable General Equilibrium model integrated with the Global Trade Analysis Project version 10A Multi-Region Input-Output database. We first modified the GTAP’s structure form to develop a long-run closure under steady-state and thereafter examined the African Continental Free Trade Area-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (AfJEPA) with several EPAs scenarios relying on the quantitative comparison of economic impacts of different technical measurements. As a result, the AfJEPA can provide new possible opportunities for Africa-Japan businesses, such as contributing to the existing African and Japanese mega-regional trade agreements. Specifically, the electronics, petroleum and coal, and chemical, rubber, and plastic industries in Africa would see the highest percent growth. Likewise, the Japanese industries would improve their productivity in the motor vehicles and transport equipment, chemical, rubber, and plastic, and textiles and apparel industries. To sum up, trade facilitation and knowledge transfer, which policymakers can improve concrete action and investment, would considerably stimulate African and Japanese real GDP. Thus, the potential for growth would rely on how deep the integration policy would be.
One-Stage Versus Two-Stage Brachio-Basilic Arteriovenous Fistula for Dialysis Access

Bachground An upper arm brachiobasic arteriovenous fistula (BBAVF) is a dependable, autogenous, one-stage or two-stage access to a hemodialysis system. Each technique has benefits and cons, according to past research. In this research, the difference between one and two phases of brachio-basic arteriovenous fistula was rigorously evaluated for access ripening, patency, postoperative problems and patient type appropriate for each treatment. Methods: Methods This research comprised 50 regularly split patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) in Group A, 25 of whom had one stage brachio-basic arteriovenous fistula (BBAVF) and Group B, 25 of whom had two stage BBAVF patients. Results: The diameter of the target vein was statistically considerably bigger than that of group B. A statistically significant difference between the two groups was not shown by the main failure rate. The period of primary functional patenting, primary function patenting and secondary functional patenting in days in group B were substantially longer. In group B the proportion of primary functional patentability, primary functional patentability and secondary functional patentability in days were much longer. The incidence of complications between the cases in both groups was not statistically significantly different. Age, DM, HTN and vein diameter reduction <3mm were linked with factors for failure of BBAVF. Conclusion: before using prothetic grafts Brachiobasilic fistulas should be examined. Their development using a two-stage approach should lead to better patenting rates along with other advantageschnical advantages.
Strategies for Solving Addition Problems Using Modified Schema-Based Instruction in Students with Intellectual Disabilities

A study is presented on the strategies employed to solve additive change problems by three students with intellectual disabilities (two of them with autism spectrum disorder). The students followed a program involving modified schema-based instruction. The results show an improvement in the problem-solving skills of the three students, who achieved successful formal strategies associated with identifying the operation. We analyze the importance of adapting and/or emphasizing certain steps in the instruction process in order to tailor them to the difficulties of each student.
The role of social context in the association between leisure activities and romantic relationship quality

Shared leisure activities with one’s romantic partner are beneficial for both partners and their romantic relationship, but may not exclusively occur with only the partners present. The current research examines the impact of leisure and other relationship behaviors in various social contexts on romantic relationship quality (satisfaction and commitment). Data were collected from a representative sample of couples over the course of 9 months (N = 232 couples at Phase 1), including two 10-day daily diaries documenting engagement in 59 behaviors across various social contexts. Results demonstrated that leisure with one’s partner (without others) was positively associated with short-term relationship quality, whereas leisure with others (without one’s partner) was negatively associated with relationship quality; leisure with one’s partner and others and leisure alone were not associated with relationship quality. When considering engagement in other relationship behaviors with one’s partner, we found no unique effects of the rates of the behaviors, but significant effects for the proportion of physical affection relative to other behaviors. These findings suggest that the content and context of leisure have unique roles in romantic relationships.
Numerical Simulation of the Combined Effects of Low Salinity Water and Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding

Low Salinity Water (LSW) and Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) flooding are emerging enhanced oil recovery methods that help recover oil from the reservoir after primary and secondary recovery processes. Experimental studies on LSW and ASP flooding have indicated potential in additional oil recovery. In this paper, numerical simulation was performed to study the combined effects of LSW and ASP flooding. A heterogenous reservoir initially saturated with oil and water was modelled using Eclipse. The wells were completed with an inverse five-spot pattern and the production life of the reservoir was taken to be five years. The results showed that LSW flooding using a salt concentration of 1 000 ppm achieved a higher oil recovery than conventional (high salinity) water flooding with a salt concentration of 35 000 ppm. The oil recovery for conventional water flooding was 59.5% and that of low salinity flooding was 64.1%. The overall oil recovery for LSW combined with alkaline, surfactant and polymer flooding were 64.1%, 70.5% and 62.6%, respectively. The model indicated an increase in overall oil recovery of 91% when alkaline, surfactant and polymer were combined and injected as the same slug as opposed to the injection of the chemicals individually. This was attributed to the synergy of the chemicals. The alkaline and the surfactant reduce the interfacial tension between the oil and water and the polymer improves the mobility ratio thereby increasing sweep efficiency.