Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction between HuR and circPABPN1 Modulates Autophagy in the Intestinal Epithelium by Altering ATG16L1 Translation

Intestinal epithelial autophagy is crucial for host defense against invasive pathogens, and defects in this process occur frequently in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other mucosal disorders, but the exact mechanism that activates autophagy is poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of RNA-binding protein HuR (human antigen R) in the posttranscriptional control of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in the intestinal epithelium. We found that targeted deletion of HuR in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) specifically decreased the levels of ATG16L1 in the intestinal mucosa. ABSTRACT Intestinal epithelial autophagy is crucial for host defense against invasive pathogens, and defects in this process occur frequently in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other mucosal disorders, but the exact mechanism that activates autophagy is poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of RNA-binding protein HuR (human antigen R) in the posttranscriptional control of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in the intestinal epithelium. We found that targeted deletion of HuR in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) specifically decreased the levels of ATG16L1 in the intestinal mucosa. Intestinal mucosa from patients with IBD exhibited reduced levels of both HuR and ATG16L1. HuR directly interacted with Atg16l1 mRNA via its 3′ untranslated region and enhanced ATG16L1 translation, without affecting Atg16l1 mRNA stability. Circular RNA circPABPN1 blocked HuR binding to Atg16l1 mRNA and lowered ATG16L1 production. HuR silencing in cultured IECs also prevented rapamycin-induced autophagy, which was abolished by overexpressing ATG16L1. These findings indicate that HuR regulates autophagy by modulating ATG16L1 translation via interaction with circPABPN1 in the intestinal epithelium.
Effect of a Behavioral Intervention to Increase Vegetable Consumption on Cancer Progression Among Men With Early-Stage Prostate Cancer: The MEAL Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Guidelines endorsing vegetable-enriched diets to improve outcomes for prostate cancer survivors are based on expert opinion, preclinical studies, and observational data. Objective To determine the effect of a behavioral intervention that increased vegetable intake on cancer progression in men with early-stage prostate cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants The Men's Eating and Living (MEAL) Study (CALGB 70807 [Alliance]) was a randomized clinical trial conducted at 91 US urology and medical oncology clinics that enrolled 478 men aged 50 to 80 years with biopsy-proven prostate adenocarcinoma (International Society of Urological Pathology grade group = 1 in those <70 years and ≤2 in those ≥70 years), stage cT2a or less, and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level less than 10 ng/mL. Enrollment occurred from January 2011 to August 2015; 24-month follow-up occurred from January 2013 to August 2017. Interventions Patients were randomized to a counseling behavioral intervention by telephone promoting consumption of 7 or more daily vegetable servings (MEAL intervention; n = 237) or a control group, which received written information about diet and prostate cancer (n = 241). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was time to progression; progression was defined as PSA level of 10 ng/mL or greater, PSA doubling time of less than 3 years, or upgrading (defined as increase in tumor volume or grade) on follow-up prostate biopsy. Results Among 478 patients randomized (mean [SD] age, 64 [7] years; mean [SD] PSA level, 4.9 [2.1] ng/mL), 443 eligible patients (93%) were included in the primary analysis. There were 245 progression events (intervention: 124; control: 121). There were no significant differences in time to progression (unadjusted hazards ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.75 to 1.24]; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.76 to 1.25]). The 24-month Kaplan-Meier progression-free percentages were 43.5% [95% CI, 36.5% to 50.6%] and 41.4% [95% CI, 34.3% to 48.7%] for the intervention and control groups, respectively (difference, 2.1% [95% CI, -8.1% to 12.2%]). Conclusions and Relevance Among men with early-stage prostate cancer managed with active surveillance, a behavioral intervention that increased vegetable consumption did not significantly reduce the risk of prostate cancer progression. The findings do not support use of this intervention to decrease prostate cancer progression in this population, although the study may have been underpowered to identify a clinically important difference. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01238172.
Thalamic Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Level Changes in Major Depressive Disorder After a 12-Week Iyengar Yoga and Coherent Breathing Intervention.

Objective: To determine if a 12-week yoga intervention (YI) was associated with increased gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and decreased depressive symptoms in participants with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Subjects were randomized to a high-dose group (HDG) of three YIs a week and a low-dose group (LDG) of two YIs a week. Thalamic GABA levels were obtained using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at Scan-1 before randomization. After the assigned 12-week intervention, Scan-2 was obtained, immediately followed by a YI and Scan-3. Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) scores were obtained before Scan-1 and Scan-3. Settings/Location: Screenings and interventions occurred at the Boston University Medical Center. Imaging occurred at McLean Hospital. Subjects: Subjects met criteria for MDD. Intervention: Ninety minutes of Iyengar yoga and coherent breathing at five breaths per minute plus homework. Outcome measures: GABA levels and the BDI-II. Results: BDI-II scores improved significantly in both groups. GABA levels from Scan-1 to Scan-3 and from Scan-2 to Scan-3 were significantly increased in the LDG (n = 15) and showed a trend in the total cohort. Post hoc, participants were divided into two groups based on having an increase in GABA levels at Scan-2. Increases in Scan-2 GABA levels were observed in participants whose mean time between their last YI and Scan-2 was 3.93 ± 2.92 standard deviation (SD) days, but not in those whose mean time between their last YI and Scan-2 was 7.83 ± 6.88 SD. Conclusions: This study tentatively supports the hypothesis that one of the mechanisms through which yoga improves mood is by increasing the activity of the GABA system. The observed increase in GABA levels following a YI that was no longer observed 8 days after a YI suggests that the associated increase in GABA after a YI is time limited such that at least one YI a week may be necessary to maintain the elevated GABA levels.
Decision-making Factors Associated With Telehealth Adoption by Patients With Heart Failure at Home

Telehealth has been reported to be effective in helping patients with heart failure manage their symptoms at home. Despite this, the adoption rate for telehealth among home care patients with heart failure is low, and there is limited research on reasons for this. This study was undertaken to explore factors associated with patients' decisions to adopt telehealth at home. A qualitative descriptive study underpinned by the Unified Theory of Acceptance Use of Technology model was conducted using semi-structured telephone interviews with patients with heart failure (N = 20) referred for telehealth. Interviews were analyzed using a mixture of deductive and inductive coding. Among the theoretical model elements, the perceived usefulness of the technology (performance expectancy), the availability of clinical/technical support (facilitating conditions), and the opinion of other individuals important to the patient (social influence) were associated with telehealth initiation. However, the ease of use (effort expectancy) was not an associated factor. Other factors such as experience, knowledge, confidence, satisfaction, and attitudes were also associated with the decision. Identification of factors related to higher telehealth initiation rates can be used to inform individualized care planning by nurses. Knowledge of such associations can inform referral process to improve the efficiency and utilization of telehealth.
Impact of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder on Discharge Against Medical Advice Among People Who Inject Drugs Hospitalized for Infective Endocarditis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The impact of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on against medical advice (AMA) discharges among people who inject drugs (PWID) hospitalized for endocarditis is unknown. METHODS A retrospective review of all PWID hospitalized for endocarditis at our institution between 2016 and 2018 (n = 84). RESULTS PWID engaged with MOUD at admission, compared with those who were not, were less likely to be discharged AMA but this did not reach statistical significance in adjusted analysis (odds ratio [OR], 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.033-1.41; P = .11). Among out-of-treatment individuals, newly initiating MOUD did not lead to significantly fewer AMA discharges (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.26-3.7; P = .98). CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE PWID hospitalized for endocarditis are at high risk for discharge AMA but more research is needed to understand the impact of MOUD. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00-00).
RELATIONSHIP OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF NEWBORN WITH VARYING PERIOD OF GESTATIONAL AGE

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The study of anthropometric measurements at birth allows construction of intra uterine growth curves and rapid evaluation of the infant who has suffered abnormal intrauterine growth and is at increased risk of postnatal metabolic complications. Present study was performed with objective to find correlation between anthropometric measurements and gestational age, and to construct normograms for all the anthropometric measurements studied. This provides base line data for indigenous population and can be gainfully employed for further studies to know whether simple anthropometric measurements other than birth weight will be useful to quantitate fetal growth and to identify at risk babies in rural community level where there is a paucity of weighing scales. METHODOLGY: Study was conducted on 1284 consecutive live births delivered at Kempegowda institute of medical college and research center. The gestational age of infants was calculated from the first day of LMP, and confirmed by clinical assessment using New Ballard Score. Newborns were subjected to anthropometric measurements within 48 hours of birth by standard techniques. The data obtained was subjected to a computer- based analysis to derive mean, standard deviation and normograms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The derived normograms shows there is a linear relationship between all the anthropometric measurements studied with gestational age. There is increase in all the anthropometric parameters with increasing gestational age up to 39-40 weeks, after which it started declining. All the anthropometric parameters measured were correlated well to gestational age (p<0.0001). Maximum correlation was found with chest circumference (0.763). Further studies are required to know whether this simple anthropometric measurement can be used to quantitate fetal growth and to identify babies of abnormal fetal growth at rural community level.
The protective effect of carbenoxolone on gap junction damage in the hippocampal CA1 area of a temporal lobe epilepsy rat model.

Background Astrocytes are one of the most important types of neural cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Dysfunctional gap junction (GJ) communication could play an underlying role in epileptogenesis. Carbenoxolone (CBX) is a conventional chemical GJ blocker, and its target is connexin 43 (Cx43). Previous studies have shown that CBX can inhibit status epilepticus (SE) and spontaneous epileptic seizures (SESs). However, there is little information about the direct interaction between CBX and Cxs in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods The behavior of epileptic rats was observed. Moreover, micromorphological changes in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area of epileptic rats following CBX injection were determined through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To illustrate the possible mechanism of these changes, the Western blot method was used. Results After the injection of CBX, the seizure frequency, seizure duration, latency period to the first instance of SES, SESs behavioral score according to a scoring system developed by Velíšková and microstructures in the CA1 area were shown to be improved 60 days after SE by TEM. Furthermore, the dynamic expression patterns of Cx43 and Cx43 phosphorylated at Ser368 continuously declined after the injection of CBX until 60 days after SE. Conclusions CBX may contribute to the improvement of GJ dysfunction during epileptogenesis in the hippocampal CA1 area in a TLE rat model.
Dual 1:2 tachycardia: What is the mechanism?

A 40-year-old female with a history of narrow complex tachycardia (NCT) was referred for radiofrequency ablation. Twelve-lead ECG was normal during sinus rhythm. Her physical examination was normal, and echocardiography revealed no evidence of structural heart disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Effect of asymmetry on the flow behavior in an idealized arterial bifurcation

Abstract Flow behavior at the arterial bifurcations has significant implications on the plaque formation. It depends on the vessel size, two bifurcation angles, i.e. angle between the mother and daughter vessels and their relative magnitudes. In this study, hemodynamics for steady and pulsatile flow of blood has been investigated in an idealized carotid artery bifurcation having all the vessels in the same plane for a range of bifurcation angles for symmetric and asymmetric bifurcation. The simulations reveal the presence of a pair of helical vortices, symmetric about the bifurcation plane, in each daughter tube near the bifurcation.
Effects of Bluetooth-Enabled Desk Ellipticals on Office Work Performance: Rationale, Design, and Protocol for a Randomized Trial With Overweight and Obese Adults

Background Workplaces that provide opportunities for physical activity without requiring extra time for activity could help counteract the obesity epidemic. Desk ellipticals can contribute to activity-supportive workplace environments; however, the feasibility of engaging employees in pedaling ellipticals during simultaneous office work has not been well evaluated. Objective We aim to present the rationale and methods from an ongoing randomized trial with overweight and obese employees that will evaluate (1) the effects of pedaling a compact desk elliptical on work performance and (2) the influence of different incentive types and schedules on desk pedaling quantity. Methods Overweight and obese medical center employees are being recruited in dyads for a 2 (gift card type: healthier food vs Amazon) by 3 (gift card schedule: immediate incentive contingent on individual pedaling quantity; immediate incentive partially contingent on dyads’ joint pedaling quantity; and delayed noncontingent pedaling incentive) cluster randomized within-subjects factorial trial. All participants receive a Bluetooth-enabled desk elliptical for 4 weeks and access to a mobile app that provides real-time pedaling feedback. The primary aims are to assess (1) change in employee work performance from pre- to postelliptical installation via employee and supervisor ratings and (2) effects of gift card type and schedule on quantity of objectively measured desk pedaling completed. Results Data collection is ongoing. We expect to complete main outcome analyses in 2020. Conclusions This trial represents one of the earliest attempts to assess the effects of desk pedaling and pedaling-incentive types in real-world offices. It could help bridge the research-to-practice gap by providing evidence on whether desk pedaling can be sustained without compromising work performance. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16275
The face of control: Corrugator supercilii tracks aversive conflict signals in the service of adaptive cognitive control

Abstract Cognitive control is the ability to monitor, evaluate, and adapt behavior in the service of long‐term goals. Recent theories have proposed that the integral negative emotions elicited by conflict are critical for the adaptive adjustment of cognitive control. However, evidence for the negative valence of conflict in cognitive control tasks mainly comes from behavioral studies that interrupted trial sequences, making it difficult to directly test the link between conflict‐induced affect and subsequent increases in cognitive control. In the present study, we therefore use online measures of valence‐sensitive electromyography (EMG) of the facial corrugator (frowning) and zygomaticus (smiling) muscles while measuring the adaptive cognitive control in a Stroop‐like task. In line with the prediction that conflict is aversive, results showed that conflict relative to non‐conflict trials led to increased activity of the corrugator muscles after correct responses, both in a flanker task (Experiment 1) and in a prime‐probe task (Experiment 2). This conflict‐induced corrugator activity effect correlated marginally with conflict‐driven increases in cognitive control in the next trial in the confound‐minimalized task used in Experiment 2. However, in the absence of performance feedback (Experiment 3), no reliable effect of conflict was observed in the facial muscle activity despite robust behavioral conflict adaptation. Taken together, our results show that facial EMG can be used as an indirect index of the temporal dynamics of conflict‐induced aversive signals and/or effortful processes in particular when performance feedback is presented, providing important new insights into the dynamic affective nature of cognitive control.
Evaluating the Anatomical Traits of Lip on Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Images.

BACKGROUND Lips and mouth are the most recognizable parts of the lower face. The morphometry of the facial organs is important for the balance of the face. Besides congenital anomalies occur on the lips, some kinds of deformities might be seen because of trauma or carcinoma. In this respect, lips are in the study of plastic surgery, maxillofacial surgery and orthodontics. Lip morphology also takes an important role in forensic facial reconstruction (facial approximation). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty parameters on the soft tissue and 12 parameters on the hard tissue were measured on three dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images belonging 50 individuals (25 female, mean age 35.40 ± 9.97; 25 male, mean age 34.32 ± 11.06). RESULTS Statistical significance was observed on 4 parameters measured at soft tissue and 6 parameters measured in hard tissue. Statistical significance was not seen between the measurements taken bilaterally. Fourteen equations were developed in order to estimate the lip morphometry using the morphometric traits of hard tissue. CONCLUSION We hope that the results of current study will be useful at surgery and forensic sciences.
Further Considerations on Its Application to Delphi Study Data

A recent Delphi study on recreational boating safety priorities is used as an illustrative example to further explore the utility of applying the modified scree test to Delphi data. After a brief overview of the Delphi method, the scree test's applicability is discussed in light of the work by Keith Zoski and StephenJurs, and the caveatspresented byJamesAltschuld and Phyllis Thomas. The procedures used in this present scree test then are described. The potential utility of the scree test, and Delphi studies in general, to evaluation research are noted.
Effects in spite of tough constraints - A theory of change based investigation of contextual and implementation factors affecting the results of a performance based financing scheme extended to malnutrition in Burundi

Background From January 2015 to December 2016, the health authorities in Burundi piloted the inclusion of child nutrition services into the pre-existing performance-based financing free health care policy (PBF-FHC). An impact evaluation, focused on health centres, found positive effects both in terms of volume of services and quality of care. To some extent, this result is puzzling given the harshness of the contextual constraints related to the fragile setting. Methods With a multi-methods approach, we explored how contextual and implementation constraints interacted with the pre-identified tracks of effect transmission embodied in the intervention. For our analysis, we used a hypothetical Theory of Change (ToC) that mapped a set of seven tracks through which the intervention might develop positive effects for children suffering from malnutrition. We built our analysis on (1) findings from the facility surveys and (2) extra qualitative data (logbooks, interviews and operational document reviews). Findings Our results suggest that six constraints have weighted upon the intervention: (1) initial low skills of health workers; (2) unavailability of resources (including nutritional dietary inputs and equipment); (3) payment delays; (4) suboptimal information; (5) restrictions on autonomy; and (6) low intensity of supervision. Together, they have affected the intensity of the intervention, especially during its first year. From our analysis of the ToC, we noted that the positive effects largely occurred as a result of the incentive and information tracks. Qualitative data suggests that health centres have circumvented the many constraints by relying on a community-based recruitment strategy and a better management of inputs at the level of the facility and the patient himself. Conclusion Frontline actors have agency: when incentives are right, they take the initiative and find solutions. However, they cannot perform miracles: Burundi needs a holistic societal strategy to resolve the structural problem of child malnutrition. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02721160; March 2016 (retrospectively registered).
Shifting the Lens: An Implementation Study of a Community-Based and Social Network Intervention to Gender-Based Violence

Responding to the call to “shift the lens” and expand gender-based violence remedies beyond individualized direct services and law enforcement remedies, anti-violence providers have struggled to redefine and redirect intervention approaches. This implementation study leverages the framework of implementation science to investigate an exploratory statewide initiative based on the Creative Interventions model and aimed to build organizational and regional capacity to implement community-based or social network interventions within provider organizations. Using data from nine organizations, this mixed-methods study identifies factors related to implementation of this innovative approach including organizational motivation, capacity, and perceived needs related to adoption and implementation.