Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histopathological pattern of primary ovarian neoplasms in south-western Nigeria

Background : The role of herbal remedies and Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease are yet to be fully studied in our environment despite their indiscriminate use. We set out to determine the prevalence and pattern of use of herbal remedies and NSAIDs and their relationship (if any) to chronic kidney disease. Methods : Adults at a screening exercise in a village in Ondo State, Nigeria were studied. Their bio-data, history of herbal usage and NSAIDs, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension were obtained. Their blood pressure and anthropometry were measured. Urinalysis was conducted with Combi-Uriscreen®. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Results : One hundred and sixteen subjects were studied (M:F, 1:1.8). 51.7% were farmers. Their mean age was 42.5±14.7 years (range, 17-78 years). Their mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 125.2±20.4mmHg and 77.3±12.3mmHg respectively. Their mean body mass index was 26.2±6.0 kg/m2. Usage of herbs was found among 78.4% of subjects. 68.1% used NSAIDs, 11.2% had a history of cigarette smoking, 25.0% used alcohol, 50.0% had pre-hypertension, 28.0% had essential hypertension and 7.8% had diabetes mellitus. Undiagnosed hypertension was present in 24.1%. Proteinuria (ranging between 100mg/dl and 500mg/dl) was present in 12.5% of the subjects. Central obesity was present in 21.9% of the subjects. There was a significant association between proteinuria and use of herbs (p=0.023, chi square 5.188), use of NSAIDs (p=0.01, chi square 6.722), and pre-hypertension (p=0.039, chi square 4.261). Conclusion : The rates of use of herbal remedies and NSAIDs in the rural community are high. Our study suggests that they may cause significant proteinuria among users. There is therefore a need to conduct more high powered studies on this subject. Keywords :herbal concoction, renal failure, tropics, proteinuria, Nigeria
Statistical Analysis on Nutritional Status and its Associated Factors of Under Five Years Children in Nepal

Malnutrition among under five year of age group is a major underlying cause of the child morbidity and mortality in many developing countries like Nepal. Nutritional status of children is a proxy indicator for assessing the health status of entire population. This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional status of the most vulnerable age group of children (0-59 months) and to identify different factors associated with it. Generally three anthropometric indicators were often used to assess the nutritional status of children height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age. This study is based on data of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. WHO Anthro software and IBM SPSS 20 were used to analyze the data. The prevalence of the malnutrition (stunted, wasted and underweight) was found in the different aspect. This study consists of 2334 children of under five years age groups, out of this 50.9% were male children and 49.1% were female children, the prevalence of the stunted is 41%, wasted 29% and underweight 11%. The prevalence of diarrhea during the data collection period is 13.80% and prevalence of fever during the data collection period is 18.70%. The statistically significant factor were body mass index of mother, wealth index, size of child at birth and education of mother and smoking habit of mother. Malnutrition (stunted, wasted and underweight) still remains as a major health problem in our country Nepal. So, our government should be focused on those factors which are significantly associated with malnutrition like health care during pregnancy period, education of mother etc. Significant number of under-five children’s of Nepal was malnourished. Maternal factors have significant association with nutritional status of the children which include extra diet in pregnancy and lactation, iron supplements in pregnancy, exclusive breast feeding for six months.
Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among rural population in Karnataka by using Indian diabetes risk score

Background: Diabetes has emerged not only as a major public health problem, but also as a global societal catastrophe. Governments worldwide are struggling to meet the cost of the diabetic care. The proportion of people with diabetes is rapidly increasing in many countries, with the documented increase in low and middle income countries. With this background a study was planned with the objective of assessing the risk of diabetes among adults in a rural area using a simple diagnostic tool. Methods: A community based, cross-sectional study was done among 485 adults aged 20 years and above residing in a rural area of Karnataka. Data collection was done by household survey by direct interview using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The questionnaire had 2 parts with part one of socio-demographic variables and part two made up of Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) questionnaire. IDRS was developed by Mohan et al and its parameters comprise of 2 modifiable (waist circumference, physical activity) and 2 non-modifiable risk factors (age, family history) for diabetes. Analysis was done with open Epi and Microsoft excel. Results: In the present study, according to IDRS, 14.84% of the study subjects had high risk of diabetes, 73.19% had moderate risk and 11.95% had no/low risk of diabetes. Conclusions: The risk of diabetes among adults is on rise in rural areas. Physical activity likes regular exercises, diet and lifestyle modification are some of the interventions that can reduce the risk of diabetes.
Electron Acceleration from Expanding Magnetic Vortices During Reconnection with a Guide Field

Magnetic reconnection is believed to be responsible for the acceleration of energetic electrons with a power-law spectrum in the solar wind and solar flares. However, recent studies of the leading mechanism of electron acceleration in reconnection, namely the acceleration by tearing instability induced multi-islands, demonstrates that this mechanism suffers from an “injection problem” for mildly relativistic reconnection acceleration. In this paper, we investigate a new type of reconnection acceleration in which an electron Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (EKHI) is driven as the current sheet reaches electron inertial length scales during magnetic reconnection with a strong guide field. Electrons are accelerated by stochastic electric fields, induced by the EKHI generated vortices that expand rapidly, and a power-law electron energy spectrum with index α ∼ 3.5 is produced (W is the electron kinetic energy and f(W) is the energy distribution function). We show that the mechanism is a second-order Fermi acceleration process, and the index where a = Bg/B0, which is determined by the ratio of the spatial scale of the inductive electric field D to that of vortices R and the ratio of guide field Bg to asymptotic magnetic field B0.
When is better really better? Individuals' experiences of treatment for OAB with anticholinergic medication

Overactive bladder (OAB) has been found to have a number of psychological consequences, including anxiety, depression and shame. However, there is little research on how drug treatment, which has been found to be effective at reducing physical symptoms, impacts on these psychological effects. This study aimed to examine patients’ experiences of anticholinergic treatment for OAB, and the impact of both OAB and its treatment on psychological well-being. A cross-sectional, qualitative interview design with a secondary care outpatient sample was used. The approach was idiographic and sought to understand the detailed complexities and nuances of patient experiences. This small-scale qualitative study found that, even where there had been symptom reduction, patients did not feel ‘better’, and found it difficult to let go of worries and fears around OAB. These findings suggest that a person with OAB may need support even after a ‘successful’ treatment, as OAB continues to be at the centre of patients’ lives.
Localized Heating of the Martian Topside Ionosphere Through the Combined Effects of Magnetic Pumping by Large‐Scale Magnetosonic Waves and Pitch Angle Diffusion by Whistler Waves

We present Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations of periodic ( ∼ 25 s) large‐scale (hundreds of km) magnetosonic waves propagating into the Martian dayside upper ionosphere. These waves adiabatically modulate the superthermal electron distribution function, and the induced electron temperature anisotropies drive the generation of observed electromagnetic whistler waves. The localized (in altitude) minimum in the ratio fpe/ fce provides conditions favorable for the local enhancement of efficient wave‐particle interactions, so that the induced whistlers act back on the superthermal electron population to isotropize the plasma through pitch angle scattering. These wave‐particle interactions break the adiabaticity of the large‐scale magnetosonic wave compressions, leading to local heating of the superthermal electrons during compressive wave “troughs. ” Further evidence of this heating is observed as the subsequent phase shift between the observed perpendicular‐to‐parallel superthermal electron temperatures and compressive wave fronts. This heating mechanism may be important at other unmagnetized bodies.
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filter–Amplifier Design Using Active Coupling Matrix Technique

This article presents a comprehensive active <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}\,\,+ 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> coupling matrix approach for the design of integrated filter–amplifier. The feedback between gate and drain, which is neglected in a previous work, is considered, which improves the accuracy of the coupling matrix model for transistors. More importantly, the relationship between the coupling matrix and the noise figure is also established, which extends the coupling matrix method to tackle noise-related circuit functions. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filters are used to implement an integrated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band filter–amplifier design and to validate the design approach in terms of return loss, gain, and noise. Compared with rectangular waveguide, SIW is utilized for its appealing advantages, such as lower production cost, easier fabrication, and most importantly easier integration with active components. A second-order filtering circuit is applied to simultaneously match the input and output of the transistor. The integration reduces the losses from the intermediate networks in conventional designs, which is particularly important when the frequencies go higher. The measurements agree very well with the simulations in terms of S-parameters, gains, and noise figures.
PENANGANAN SAMPAH BERBASIS DESA MELALUI PERAN PEMUDA

Pemuda Desa atau Karang taruna sebagai peran sentral dalam penanganan. Studi pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberi stimulus terhadap masyarakat khususnya Karang taruna sebagai pelaku utama dalam pelestarian lingkungan melalui pengeloaan timbulan sampah pada masyarakat desa. Dalam proses kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat digunakan metode (1) Pelaksanaan Focus Group Discussion; (2) pembentukan kader bebas sampah (3) Pemberikan Pendidikan Pengelolaan Sampah; (4) sosialisasi terhadap kader bebas sampah kemasyarakat. Kegiatan ini menyimpulkan bahwa Kerjasama seluruh unsur seperti Pemerintah Desa, Badan Perwakilan Desa dalam penyusunan kebijakan yang bijaksana tentang pengelolaan sampah. Respon masyarakat dalam aplikasi penanganan timbulan sampah sangat baik, seiring dengan dukungan pemerintah desa terhadap karang taruna sebagi kader melalui proses sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh karang taruna dalam tahap ini berhasil dilaksanakan yang dijalankan secara terbuka berbasis partisipasi masyarakat. Program tersebut berhasil menciptakan lingkungan yang bersih oleh peran aktif komunitas masyarkat dan para kader bebas sampah dan merencanakan program pengelolaan sampah yang berkelanjutan melalui bank sampah.
“When I Iron My Son’s Shirt, I Feel My Maternal Role”: Making Women’s Invisible Work Visible

This article seeks to learn how women perceive invisible work and how it affects their lives. This article contributes to the integration of different manifestations of invisible work into a conceptual whole, especially in light of the fact that most research has confined itself to only one aspect such as care work, housework, or volunteering. Nine group interviews were conducted with Israeli mothers from differing ethnic, religious, class, and age groups. Analysis reveals that the distinctions between aspects of invisible work, such as housework and care work and between activities belonging to the private and public spheres are much more blurred in women’s lives than might be inferred from the academic literature. Furthermore, throughout the life course of women the meanings and expressions of invisible work evolve creating a continuous struggle. In describing their everyday activities, women challenge the socially constructed binary oppositions in the context of the neoliberal economy.
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PENGELOLAAN PENYAKIT KRONIS (PROLANIS) BPJS KESEHATAN PADA DOKTER KELUARGA DI KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN TAHUN 2016

Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) is a program of The National Health Care Security (BPJS) to manage chronic diseases namely diabetes mellitus and hypertension in patients to prevent complications, improve the quality of life and health insurance financial effectively and efficiently. Based on the evaluations in 2016, BPJS deficits due to claims and capitation's inflammation fees in 2015. Pekalongan is a region in Central Java Province with the number of cases of hypertension ranks first while type 2 diabetes mellitus ranks second around in 2015. The aim of this study was to determine the implementation Prolanis family doctor in Pekalongan. The research method used by the writer is a qualitative method. The data was obtained from a document review and in-depth interviews. The writer analyzes 16 the informants consisting of family doctors, staffs of MPKP BPJS, the head of KLOK and prolanis participants. The data is presented in narrative form and matrix interview. The result showed that only five doctors who own the Prolanis club of the 18 family doctors in Pekalongan. From 7 activities, there are only 4 activities which had been done, that are health counseling, health checks, gymnastics prolanis and drug delivery. This happens because the limited human resources and funds. Moreover, unavailability of drugs frequently happen. The activities management is different because there is no SOP for the prolanis activities and the implementation of monitoring and evaluation is not optimal.
Sleeve lobectomy or pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer? Searching for an optimal balance between oncological, surgical and functional results

The main objective in surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is to achieve good oncologic safety, which includes R0 resection of the tumor and radical lymphadenectomy. Patients with centrally-located NSCLC should undergo pneumonectomy (PN) but, considering the not negligible morbidity and mortality related to this technique, they could benefit from a lung tissue-preserving resection, especially when cardio-pulmonary reserve is limited. Since Thomas (1) firstly applied this procedure for therapeutic option, “sleeve” pulmonary resection was designed to conserve as much pulmonary tissue as possible.
The Neurogenic potential of stem cells is altered in Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA

vii Declaration . ix Acknowledgements . x Abbreviations . xii Chapter One: Introduction . 1 1.1 The Mucopolysaccharidoses . 2 1.1.1 Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIA . 2 1.1.1.1 Central Nervous System Pathology. 5 1.1.1.2 Somatic Pathology . 6 1.1.2 Mechanisms of Disease in MPS IIIA . 8 1.2 Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans. 11 1.2.1 Heparan Sulphate. 12 1.2.1.1 Heparan Sulphate Synthesis . 12 1.2.1.2 Heparan Sulphate Catabolism . 13 1.2.2 Heparan Sulphate in MPS IIIA . 15 1.3 Neurogenesis . 17 1.3. 1 Heparan Sulphate in Neurogenesis . 19 1.3. 1.1 Fibroblast Growth Factor Signalling . 20 1.3. 1.2 Wnt Signalling . 23 1.3. 1.3 Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signalling . 25 1.3. 1.4 Hedgehog Signalling . 27 1.3. 2 Neurogenesis in MPS . 29 1.4 Modelling Neurological Disease . 30 1.4. 1 Animal Models . 30 1.4. 2 Modelling MPS IIIA neurogenesis in vitro . 31 1.4. 2.1 Mesenchymal Stem Cells . 31 1.4. 2.2 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells . 35 1.5 Significance, Hypothesis and Aims . 39 Chapter Two: Materials and Methods . 41 2.1 Materials . 42 2.2 MPS GAG isolation . 42
The Effect of Past Abuse on PFC Recovery from an Alcohol Use Disorder

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of trauma on Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) and recovery, specifically through examining associations between past trauma and prefrontal cortex activation in response to alcohol cues. This study utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) to evaluate activation of the PFC in individuals in recovery for an AUD when presented with positive, negative, neutral, and alcohol related images. Results showed that a history of trauma and length of recovery are associated with PFC responses to affective images for individuals in recovery. These findings suggest that the PFC of individuals in recovery from AUD who have been physically abused exhibit a more hyperactive response to surroundings, but this hyperactivity may decrease over time as recovery length increases. Those in recovery from AUD who do not report a history of physical abuse demonstrate reduced PFC activation in response to affective images, however, this activity increases as recovery progresses. Additionally, the results showed a significant but opposite pattern with respect to reporting a history of emotional abuse. Authors recommend that clinicians working with those seeking recovery from AUD provide psychotherapy that addresses the complex relationship between PFC functioning, trauma, and AUD and provides an individualized recovery process.
Synthesis, intermolecular interactions and biological activities of two new organic–inorganic hybrids C6H10N2,2Br and C6H10N2,2Cl·H2O

A slow evaporation method has permitted the crystallization of two novel crystals of (2-aminomethyl)pyridindiumdihalide C6H10N2,2Br (1) and C6H10N2,2Cl·H2O (2). The structures of the prepared compounds (1) and (2) were elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction which revealed that they crystallize, respectively, with triclinic and monoclinic symmetries. Their crystal packing was stabilized by non-covalent interactions, including N–H⋯Br, C–H⋯Br, N–H⋯Cl, O–H⋯Cl and N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. 3-D Hirshfeld surface analysis followed by 2-D fingerprint schemes gives insights into the intermolecular interactions in the crystalline structure. Furthermore, the FT-IR spectroscopy of these two compounds was carried out. The synthesized products were also screened for in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, which reveals their favourable antioxidant activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as the discolouration of β-carotene.
Z-score vs minimum variance preselection methods for constructing small portfolios

Several contributions in the literature argue that a significant in-sample risk reduction can be obtained by investing in a relatively small number of assets in an investment universe. Furthermore, selecting small portfolios seems to yield good out-of-sample performances in practice. This analysis provides further evidence that an appropriate preselection of the assets in a market can lead to an improvement in portfolio performance. For preselection, this paper investigates the eﬀectiveness of a minimum variance approach and that of an innovative index (the new Altman Z-score) based on the creditworthiness of the companies. Diﬀerent classes of portfolio models are examined on real-world data by applying both the minimum variance and the Z-score preselection methods. Preliminary results indicate that the new Altman Z-score preselection provides encouraging out-of-sample performances with respect to those obtained with the minimum variance approach.
Small-scale multilingualism and language contact in egalitarian foragers

Situations of multilingualism and language contact in which language varieties are small in scale and relatively equal in social status are important phenomena affecting processes of language change throughout human history. Despite this, our knowledge about the outcomes of multilingualism and language contact in this kind of setting remains limited. The current thesis provides insight into the linguistic consequences of interaction between closely-related, recently-described, small-scale language varieties in the community and in the minds of bilinguals, and works to overcome some of the methodological challenges associated with the study of language contact and multilingualism in this type of setting. The studies of the thesis investigate lexical and semantic outcomes of multilingualism and language contact in egalitarian foragers speaking the closely-related Northern Aslian (Austroasiatic) language varieties Jedek and Jahai in northern Peninsular Malaysia. Study I provides grammatical description of the newly discovered Northern Aslian language variety Jedek. Study II finds a high degree of lexical convergence in the language production of Jedek and Jahai speakers in contact, and presents a novel methodology for investigation of the linguistic consequences of language contact. Studies III and IV highlight the role of both social and linguistic factors in influencing bilingual outcomes, and provide evidence of symmetric (Study IV) and asymmetric (Study III) semantic interaction in two groups of Jedek-Jahai bilinguals in two different semantic domains. By combining perspectives from the fields of multilingualism, language contact and primary linguistic documentation and description, the thesis points to the potential of research in lesser-known linguistic settings to advance our theories of multilingualism, language contact and language change. (Less)
The sense of coherence and physical activity among secondary-school graduates living in the Lubelskie Province

Kwestie, wokol ktorych koncentruje sie problematyka badawcza wiązą sie z ustaleniem: a) poczucia koherencji maturzystow b) aktywności fizycznej maturzystow; b) ich wzajemnego powiązania. Glowny problem badawczy odnosi sie do ustalenia zalezności po miedzy poziomem poczuciem koherencji a poziomem aktywności fizyczną maturzystow. W badaniach uczestniczylo 448 maturzystow (średnia wieku 18,2). W badaniach zastosowano Kwestionariusz Orientacji Życiowej(SOC-29) oraz test przesiewowy do badania poziomu aktywności fizycznej (J. Prochask i in.). W wyniku przeprowadzonych badan stwierdzono pozytywne korelacje związku poziomu poczucia koherencji oraz jego komponentow z poziomem aktywności fizycznej. Im wyzszy poziom aktywności fizycznej wykazala badana osoba, tym charakteryzuje sie wyzszym poziomem poczucia koherencji oraz jego komponentow: poczucia zrozumialości, poczucia zaradności i poczucia sensowności.
Quantitative Easing and Exuberance in Stock Markets: Evidence from the Euro Area

In response to a prolonged period of low inflation, the European Central Bank (ECB) introduced Quantitative Easing (QE) in an attempt to steer inflation to its target of below, but close to, 2% in the medium term. This paper examines whether QE contributes to exuberance in euro area stock markets by using recent advances in bubble detection techniques (the GSADF-test). We do so by linking price developments in 10 euro area stock markets to a series of country specific macro fundamentals and QE. The results indicate that periods of QE coincide with exuberant investor behaviour, even after controlling for improving macro fundamentals.