Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production performance of Emu breeders.

The present study was undertaken to assess the production performance of Emu breeders maintained in pair mating under semi intensive system during 2007–08 and 2008–09 laying seasons by adopting normal feeding management system on pilot basis. The mean number of eggs during 2007–08 and 2008–09 laying period was 69.8 and 147.25 days respectively. The mean egg production per bird in 2007–08 was 19.4 eggs and in 2008–09 were 40.5 eggs. The highest egg production per bird was 27 and 48 in 2007–08 and 2008–09 laying season. The best egg producer in the unit laid 48 eggs in a laying period of 177 days attaining a frequency of one egg in every 3.5 days. The mean Emu egg weight during the study period was 566.63±9.06 g.
Mechanisms of systemic regulation : respiration and circulation

Gas Exchange and Regulation of Respiration. - 1 The Regulation of Cutaneous Gas Exchange. - 1 Why Study Cutaneous Gas Exchange? - 2 Major Themes. - 3 Relative Importance of Diffusion and Perfusion in Regulating Cutaneous Gas Exchange. - 4 Importance of Ventilating the Skin in Regulating Cutaneous Gas Exchange in Water. - 5 Conclusions and Future Directions. - References. - 2 The Role of Carbonic Anhydrase in Aquatic Gas Exchange. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Biochemical Properties. - 3 Gas Transfer. - 4 Concluding Remarks. - References. - 3 Gas Exchange in the Fish Swimbladder. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Swimbladder Architecture. - 3 Swimbladder Gas. - 4 Mechanisms for Deposition of Gas: The Classical Model. - 5 Recent Additions to the Classical Model. - 6 Regulation in the Swimbladder. - 7 Open Questions. - References. - 4 Regulation of Respiration in Lower Vertebrates: Role of CO2/pH Chemoreceptors. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Fish. - 3 Amphibians and Reptiles. - 4 Conclusions. - References. - Blood Gas Transport. - 5 Adrenergic Control of Red Cell pH, Organic Phosphate Concentrations and Haemoglobin Function in Teleost Fish. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Production of ATP and GTP. - 3 Control of Red Cell pH in the Absence of Significant Secondarily Active Transport of Acid-Base Relevant Ions. - 4 Stimulation of the Sodium/Proton Exchanger by Catecholamines and Its Effects on Red Cell pH. - 5 Effects of Catecholamines on Red Cell Organic Phosphate Concentrations. - 6 In Vivo Regulation of Haemoglobin Function by Catecholamines. - 7 Summary. - References. - Central Vascular Circulation. - 6 Mechanisms of Intracardiac Shunting in Reptiles: Pressure vs Washout Shunting. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Reptilian Cardiovascular Anatomy. - 3 Intracardiac Shunts. - 4 Mechanism of Intracardiac Shunting. - 5 Regulation of Washout Shunting. - References. - 7 Central Cardiovascular Dynamics in Reptiles. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Chelonians and Nonvaranid Squamates. - 3 Varanids. - 4 Crocodilians. - 5 Concluding Remarks. - References. - 8 Central Cardiovascular Function in Amphibians: Qualitative Influences of Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Season. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Phylogeny and Central Cardiovascular Function. - 3 Development of Cardiovascular Function. - 3 Seasonal Influences on Cardiovascular Function. - 5 Conclusions and Guiding Principles for Future Studies. - References. - Veno-Lymphatic System. - 9 The Role of the Lymphatic System for Water Balance and Acid-Base Regulation in the Amphibia. - 1 Historical Perspective. - 2 Structure of the Lymphatics. - 3 Lymph Production and Flow. - 4 Lymph Heart Rate and Pressure. - 5 The Lymphatics and Acid-Base Regulation. - 6 General Conclusions. - References. - 10 Physiological Roles of the Secondary Circulatory System in Fish. - 1 Introduction. - 2 The Central Venous Sinus (CVS) in the Gill. - 3 Secondary Circulatory System of the Body. - 4 Concluding Remarks. - References.
Molecular phylogeny of Macrobrachium species of India: habitat preference, biogeography and taxonomy

The freshwater prawn genus Macrobrachium (Bate) is one of the most diverse, abundant and widespread crustacean genera. Different species of this genus have different habitat preference, as some species require access to the sea during their larval development whereas some species are restricted to inland waters with abbreviated larval development. The greatest diversity of the genus occurs in the Indo-Pacific region, in particular the Indian subcontinent. To examine the phylogenetic relationships of Macrobrachium species of this region with reference to their habitat preference, biogeography and taxonomy, the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA was amplified and sequenced. Based on the phylogenetic investigation, it was found that the species having same habitat preference were close to each other. However based on the genetic distance and nucleotide difference, it was further observed that species restricted to Indian subcontinent shared close relationship irrespective to their habitat preference leading to the conclusion that preference of habitat for reproductive strategy has evolved independently within a particular geographical area.
Ochratoxin-A residues in tissues of broiler chicken under experimental conditions.

An experimental study was carried out in broiler chicks to estimate ochratoxin-A residues in kidneys and liver tissues by feeding 2.0 ppm ochratoxin-A from Aspergillus ochraceus culture material for 35 days. Ochratoxin-A residues of 4.85, 11.87 and 29.5 ppb were detected in kidneys at 21, 28 and 35 days post-feeding, respectively. Ochratoxin-A residues (5.34 ppb) could be detected in liver at 35th day post-feeding.
Heydrichia homalopasta sp. nov. (Sporolithaceae, Rhodophyta) from Australia

Abstract Heydrichia homalopasta sp. nov. is described from the east coast of Australia. The new species lacks the prominent pit plug caps found in the two South African species Heydrichia woelkerlingii Townsend, Keats et Chamberlain and Heydrichia groeneri Keats et Chamberlain. In habit, H. homalopasta grows as a thin crust (to 1 mm thick), similar to H. groeneri, but differing from the massive crusts (to 15 mm thick) found in H. woelkerlingii. The tetrasporangial nemathecia of H. homalopasta are single sporangial complexes whereas those of the South African species are composed of numerous sporangial complexes.
Acclimation and phenotypic plasticity of echinoderm larvae in a changing ocean

Echinoderms are keystone organisms that have representatives in virtually every marine ecosystem. They possess a number of features that makes them an excellent model system, namely 1) their susceptibility to changes in the chemistry of seawater and temperature 2) their ossified skeletons are major contributors to many carbonate formations 3) their variety of life history strategies that enable successful reproduction (e.g. asexual reproduction, fission, cloning and regeneration). In most parts of the ocean, CO2 and temperature co-vary, making it difficult to extrapolate isolated effects of any one variable to natural scenarios. Laboratory and field work was conducted to assess the physiological and biogeochemical response of sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris larvae to changes in water carbonate chemistry. This study used two approaches: 1) the incubation of the larvae with naturally CO2-enriched deep-seawater, and 2) the study of the effect of ocean acidification and ocean warming. It is reported that there was no effect of in situ naturally high CO2 seawater, or laboratory induced CO2 concentrations, on larval physiology or morphology. However, elevated CO2 was found to cause a decrease in fertilization and calcification. An increase in temperature appeared to counteract significantly the negative effect that high CO2 has on fertilization and biocalcification. Therefore, it is argued that the developmental stages of sea urchins may adapt to predicted ocean acidification and increasing temperature scenarios, which is advantageous to maintaining stability and survival of populations under environmental selection pressure. Furthermore, the regeneration capability of the Pacific seastar larvae Pisaster ochraceus and Orthasterias koehleri was investigated. The successful complete re-growth of the larvae can be considered a specific developmental strategy that facilitates the species’ survival. This research suggests that echinoderm larvae are resilient to conditions in a changing ocean, due to their high acclimation capabilities and to their reproduction life history strategies. In this context, echinoderms may be considered an evolutionary success.
Biology of the hard clam

Preface. List of Contributors. Section 1. Descriptive Biology. Systematics and taxonomy (M.E. Harte). Shell structure and age determination (L.W. Fritz). Embryogenesis and organogenesis of veligers and early juveniles (M.R. Carriker). Anatomy and histology of Mercenaria mercenaria (A.F. Eble). Reproduction in Mercenaria mercenaria (A.G. Eversole). Genetics of hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria (T.J. Hilbish). Section 2. Environmental Biology. Functional morphology and behavior of shelled veligers and early juveniles (M.R. Carriker). Physiological ecology of Mercenaria mercenaria (R.E. Grizzel, V.M. Bricelj, S.E. Shumway). Demography and dynamics of hard clam populations (S.R. Fegley). Integrating nutritional physiology and ecology to explain interactions between physics and biology in Mercenaria mercenaria (C.H. Peterson). Predators and predation (J.N. Kraeuter). Pests, parasites, diseases, and defense mechanisms of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria (S.E. Ford). Section 3. Fisheries, Aquaculture and Human Interactions. Management of hard clam stocks, Mercenaria mercenaria (J.L. McHugh+). A history of hard clamming (C.L. MacKenzie Jr., D.L. Taylor, W.S. Arnold). Aquaculture of the hard clam,Mercenaria(M. Castagna). Introduction of the hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) to the Pacific coast of North America with notes on its introduction to Puerto Rico, England, and France (K.K. Chew). References index. Species index. General index.
Biological control of potato pathogens.

The term biological control has many different definitions [1]. In this chapter I will use the definition proposed by Baker and Cook [2]: ‘‘Biological control is the reduction of inoculum or disease producing activity of a pathogen accomplished by one or more organisms other than man. ’’ This definition is broad enough to encompass classical approaches to biological control that directly influence pathogen populations via antibiosis, parasitism, or predation as well as approaches that afford disease reduction through competition for nutrients or infection niches, induced systemic resistance, altered plant physiology, or use of transgenic strategies. While specific biological controls will be discussed in detail, it is important to understand that resident soil microflora and fauna are responsible for much of the disease reduction attributed to crop rotation or incorporation of organic amendments. The specific role(s) of individuals or communities of these organisms in affecting either pathogen populations or disease severity is largely unknown. Review of the literature reveals significant research efforts on biological control of potato diseases, with the majority of effort focused on bacterial soft rot, blackleg, Rhizoctonia black scurf and canker, Verticillium wilt, Fusarium dry rot, silver scurf, and nematodes. While efficacy has been field demonstrated for the majority of diseases or pathogens above, there are few products for potato producers to use at this time.
THE C1 DOMAIN IN CANCER SIGNALING MOLECULES: REGULATION BY LIPIDS AND PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS

Cysteine-rich (C1) domains, present in PKC isozymes, Chimaerins, RasGRPs, PKDs, Munc13s, DGKs, and MRCKs, can bind the diacylglycerol (DAG) second messenger. In the present thesis research, I demonstrated that p23/Tmp21 acts as a C1-domain docking protein that mediates perinuclear translocation of beta2-chimaerin. Glu227 and Leu248 in the beta2-chimaerin C1-domain are crucial for binding p23/Tmp21 and perinuclear targeting. Isolated C1-domains from individual PKC isozymes or RasGRP1 differentially interact with p23/Tmp21. PKCepsilon interacts with p23/Tmp21 specifically via its C1b domain, however this association is lost in response to phorbol esters. These results demonstrate that p23/Tmp21 acts as an anchor that distinctively modulates compartmentalization of C1-domain-containing proteins, and it plays an essential role in beta2-chimaerin re-localization to the perinuclear region in response to phorbol esters. It has been established that apoptosis induced by phorbol esters in LNCaP cells is primarily mediated by the novel PKCdelta. I demonstrated that depletion of p23/Tmp21 significantly potentiates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Remarkably, the effect was mediated by PKCdelta as revealed by the fact that PKCdelta RNAi depletion or PKC inhibitor GF 109203X can rescue the potentiating effect of p23/Tmp21 depletion. Immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated that PKCdelta and p23/Tmp21 formed a complex in LNCaP cells. Disruption of PKCdelta-p23/Tmp21 association by depletion of p23/Tmp21 accelerates PMA-induced PKCdelta plasma membrane translocation and the activation of its downstream effector ROCK and JNK. Moreover, I demonstrated that depletion of p23/Tmp21 potentiates doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis of LNCaP cells. This work provided the first evidence that p23/Tmp21 negatively regulates PKCdelta-mediated apoptosis in LNCaP cells in response to PMA and doxorubicin. In addition, I demonstrated that the PKC inhibitor GF 109203X significantly radiosensitizes PC3 androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Depletion of PKCepsilon but not PKCalpha and PKCdelta by shRNA, significantly radiosensitizes PC3 cells. Confocal images demonstrated that gammairradiation-induced PKCepsilon membrane translocation was impaired by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478, the PLCgamma1 inhibitor U73122, or the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). The results revealed a potential role for DAG and C1-domain containing protein in the control of ionizing irradiation induced cell death/survival and also suggested that inhibition of PKCepsilon may be a useful therapeutic approach to radiosensitize prostate cancer cells. Taken together, in this work I present several novel findings that highlight the relevance of C1-domain containing proteins in cancer. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Pharmacological Sciences This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/141 First Advisor Marcelo G. Kazanietz
Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation: History and Progress

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a Gram-negative soil phytopathogenic bacterium that causes the crown gall disease of dicotyledonous plants, which is characterized by a tumorous phenotype. It induces the tumor by transferring a segment of its Ti plasmid DNA (transferred DNA, or T-DNA) into the host genome and genetically transforming the host. One century has past after A. tumefaciens was firstly identified as the causal agent of crown gall disease (Smith & Townsend, 1907). However, A. tumefaciens is still central to diverse fields of biological and biotechnological research, ranging from its use in plant genetic engineering to representing a model system for studies of a wide variety of biological processes, including bacterial detection of host signaling chemicals, intercellular transfer of macromolecules, importing of nucleoprotein into plant nuclei, and interbacterial chemical signaling via autoinducer-type quorum sensing (McCullen & Binns, 2006; Newton & Fray, 2004; Pitzschke & Hirt, 2010). Therefore, the molecular mechanism underlying the genetic transformation has been the focus of research for a wide spectrum of biologists, from bacteriologists to molecular biologists to botanists.
Which prey sustains cold‐adapted invertebrate generalist predators in arable land? Examining prey choices by molecular gut‐content analysis

Summary 1. Generalist predators such as carabid and cantharid beetles form an important component within natural enemy communities in arable land. Usually, predator–prey interactions are examined during the vegetation period, largely ignoring food web interactions occurring in the cold season. This is, however, when the larval stages of many polyphagous beetles develop whose survival critically depends on the availability of suitable prey. 2. In this study, we examined intra- and extraguild feeding links in larval Cantharis spp. (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) and Nebria brevicollis (Coleoptera: Carabidae), both abundant cold-adapted invertebrate predators in European arable land. As these immature beetles are fluid feeders, which impedes a microscopic analysis of their gut content, multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to examine trophic linkages in the field. 3. Collembolan DNA was detected in 49% and 54% of cantharid and carabid larvae, respectively. Earthworms were consumed by 34% of cantharid and 24% of carabid larvae. Significant differences in lumbricid and collembolan prey detection rates occurred between sampling dates in Cantharis spp. and N. brevicollis larvae, respectively, suggesting that these predators utilized different feeding strategies. In both predator taxa, however, only few individuals (0·2–1%) tested positive for DNA of intraguild prey, indicating that predator–predator trophic interactions were scarce in this community. 4. Synthesis and applications. We present conclusive evidence that cold-adapted predatory beetle larvae are strongly linked to the detrital food chain by feeding on collembolans and earthworms. By improving the habitat conditions for detritivores in arable land by mulching, compost applications, or provision of plant cover during winter, their densities can be increased easily. Applying these measures year round will retain and sustain predatory beetles during their whole life cycle in arable land. Ultimately, we expect that these measures will enhance the ability of polyphagous beetle predators to provide their fundamental ecosystem service as regulators of agricultural pests.
Influência do tamanho e peso das mudas de abacaxi, Ananas comosus (L.) MERR. No desenvolvimento da planta e qualidade do fruto

The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the size and weight of the pineapple slips on its development and fruit quality. Four treatments were tested: A) Slips with 50-55 cm length and 185-200g weight; B) slips with 40-45 cm length and 135-150 g weight; C) slips with 30-35 cm length and 85-100 g weight; D) slips with 20-25cm length and 55-70g weight. The best results were obtained from slips with 50-55cm length and 185-200g weight with a high statistical significance to the following characteristics: plant highness, leaf number, crown weight, slips number and crown size. Slips with 20-25 cm length and 55-70 g weight (D), slips with 50-55cm length and 185-200g weight (A), and slips with 40-45 cm length and 135-150 g weight (B) were in the first group according to crown weight and crown size. About fruit quality there was a high significant difference. The best results in diameter, size, weight and pith diameter were obtained from the slips having 50-55 cm length and 185-200g weight (A). There was no significant difference to juice percentage, total acidity and total solids solubles. Plants from slips with 50-55 cm length and 185-200g weight showed early production in a 534-day cycle from the planting time to flowering.
Creasing of orange peel - physiology and control.

SummaryCreasing is a disorder of orange peel causing puffiness and marked economic loss with the variety Valencia Late. Physiological studies showed higher pectolytic activity (PE) and higher content of water-soluble pectins in affected fruits, associated with an earlier senescence of deep peel layers (albedo). Incorporation of amino acids into proteins was higher in creased tissues. Gibberellin increased the viability of peel by rendering tissues more compact and by delaying senescence (higher protein content in peel at late stages ; lower incorporation of amino acids into proteins, believed to be connected with pectin degradation). The use of gibberellin (20 ppm) at an early stage of fruit growth (3 to 4 cm diameter) in July considerably reduced the incidence of creasing, without hampering the colour break and carotenoid accumulation which occurs in peel layers when creasing is depressed by a November application to almost fully-grown fruits. Gibberellin effects at both dates are probably due to the gro.
Efficient implementation of multi-moment methods in gas-liquid two-phase flows and heat transfer

Numerical simulations are a vital tool for understanding gas-liquid two-phase flows, and robust numerical methods are essential for this purpose. In this regard, a code library was developed using C++ for the numerical simulation of three-dimensional gas-liquid two-phase flows and heat transfer. The code is written based on a framework of numerical methods namely; Volume/Surface Integrated Average-Based MultiMoment Method (VSIAM3) including Constrained Interpolation Profile-Conservative semi-Lagrangian (CIPCSL) methods, Coupled Level-Set and Volume-of-Fluid (CLSVOF) method, and density scaled CSF model. VSIAM3 is a numerical method for compressible and incompressible flows based on the multi-moment concept. VSIAM3 employs CIP-CSL schemes for solving the conservation equation. The CLSVOF is an interface capturing method that is well suited for two-phase flows with surface tension. The density scaled CSF model is used for the surface tension computation. An efficient implementation of the numerical methods was investigated through the discretisation techniques of the conservation equation in VSIAM3. These techniques were studied through the lid-driven cavity, shock tube problems, two-dimensional explosion test, and droplet splashing on a superhydrophobic substrate. It has been found that the use of a less oscillatory CIP-CSL method is essential for robust numerical simulation of compressible and incompressible flows using VSIAM3 and that the numerical results are sensitive to the discretization techniques of the velocity divergence term in the conservation equation. A parallel code library was also developed using Open MPI (the Message-Passing In-
The Effect of Evaluating Student Learning Outcomes on National Exam Scores with Final School Exams as an Intervening Variable

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between evaluating student learning outcomes conducted by teachers in State High Schools in Palopo City and National Examinations held by the government nationally. The study also aims to determine whether the final school exam mediates the relationship between the evaluation of learning outcomes and national examinations. The data used in this study were obtained from the documentation of the State High School in Kota Palopo in the 2016/2017 academic year consisting of 6 (six) schools with a total of 1,631 students. Sampling is done by using the Probability Sampling Stratified Random Sampling technique. The sample used was 321 students. Data is processed using Path analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the evaluation of student learning outcomes consisting of tasks, daily tests, midterm tests and final school exams affect the score of national exams directly and simultaneously, but not all evaluation outcomes of learning outcomes partially affect the score of national examinations. while the relationship between evaluating student learning outcomes is not all mediated by the Final School Exam.