Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction of cooperatives: analysis of measurement scales

Satisfaction is a complex and important construct in different areas of knowledge, such as marketing and consumer behavior. Based on the importance of this construct, the objective of this article is to identify and analyze measurement scales referring to the perception of "cooperative satisfaction" in relation to cooperatives. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative and descriptive character, with systematic review as a method of investigation. It has been identified that there is no specific scale in the literature aimed at measuring the "satisfaction of the co-workers" construct. In any case, it was found that the scales that exist for the construct "satisfaction" can be used to measure the satisfaction of the cooperates, a construct considered in this article, with the appropriate adaptations, as can already be observed in other areas in which scales for the construct "satisfaction" are used.
The Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow During Supine 4 Cycling: Influence of Aging

: The cerebral pressure-flow relationship can be quantified as a high-pass filter, where slow oscillations are buffered (<0.20 Hz) and faster oscillations are passed through relatively unimpeded. During moderate intensity exercise previous studies have reported 35 paradoxical transfer function analysis (TFA) findings (altered phase or intact gain). This 36 study aimed to determine if these previous findings accurately represent this relationship. 37 Both younger (20-30 years; n=10) and older (62-72 years; n=9) adults were examined. To 38 enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, large oscillations in blood pressure (via oscillatory 39 lower body negative pressure – OLBNP) that were induced during steady-state moderate 40 intensity supine exercise (~45-50% of heart rate reserve). Beat-to-beat blood pressure, 41 cerebral blood velocity, and end-tidal PCO 2 were monitored. Very low (VLF: 0.02-0.07 42 Hz) and low frequency (LF: 0.07-0.20 Hz) range spontaneous data was quantified. Driven 43 OLBNP point-estimates were sampled at 0.05 and 0.10 Hz. The OLBNP maneuvers 44 augmented coherence to >0.97 at 0.05 Hz and >0.98 at 0.10 Hz in both age-groups. The 45 OLBNP protocol conclusively revealed the cerebrovascular system functions as a high- 46 pass filter during exercise throughout aging. It was also discovered that the older adults 47 had elevations [+71%] in normalized gain (+0.46 ± 0.36 %/%: 0.05 Hz) and reductions [- 48 34%] in phase (-0.24 ± 0.22 radians: 0.10 Hz). There were also age-related phase 49 differences between resting and exercise conditions. It is speculated that these age-related 50 changes in the TFA metrics are mediated by alterations in vasoactive factors, sympathetic tone or the mechanical buffering of the compliance vessels.
Calibration of attribute anomalies through prestack seismic modeling

Seismic modeling is commonly used in determining subsurface illumination of alternative seismic survey designs, in the calibration of seismic processing and imaging algorithms, and in the design of effective processing workflows. Seismic modeling also forms the mathematical kernel of impedance inversion and is routinely used to predict the amplitude-variation-with-offset response as a function of rock and fluid properties. However, the use of seismic modeling in seismic attribute studies is less common. We have evaluated four case studies in which 2D synthetic common shot gathers were computed (acoustic or elastic) and processed (including migration) to evaluate possible interpretation hypotheses. The modeling we used in our study shows that the lack of continuous coherence anomalies in a faulted Chicontepec Basin survey was due to overprinting by coherent interbed multiples. Attributes computed from the resulting processed model data revealed that subtle curvature anomalies in a Mississippi Lime survey were due to karst collapse rather than to velocity pushdown related to vertical gas migration. Impedance attributes computed from a Woodford Shale model favored the hypothesis of increased porosity correlated with the occurrence of subtle faults rather than amplitude dimming due to poor fault imaging. Finally, modeling of a fractured basement survey in the Texas Panhandle survey indicated that headwave suppression preserved the basement fracture response while increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. Seismic attribute study on seismic modeling results helped significantly in testing possible interpretation hypotheses in all of our case studies.
Effects of Antenatal Care and HIV Treatment Integration on Elements of the PMTCT Cascade: Results From the SHAIP Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Kenya

Methods: ANC clinics in rural Kenya were randomized to integrated (6 clinics, 569 women) or nonintegrated (6 clinics, 603 women) services. Intervention clinics provided all HIV services, including highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), whereas control clinics provided PMTCT services but referred women to HIV care clinics within the same facility. PMTCT utilization outcomes among HIV-infected women (maternal HIV care enrollment, HAART initiation, and 3-month infant HIV testing uptake) were compared using generalized estimating equations and Cox regression.
Massive dolomitization of a pinnacle reef in the Lower Devonian West Point Formation (Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec): An extreme case of hydrothermal dolomitization through fault-focused circulation of magmatic fluids

Devonian pinnacle reefs of the West Point Formation in Gaspe Peninsula (eastern Canada) were built on paleotectonic highs in a foreland basin. Of the nine pinnacles known in outcrop, one is dolomitized and occurs at the junction of two Acadian faults. The petrography of the dolomitized facies has revealed the presence of three dolomite phases and one late calcite cement. A first dolomite phase of small crystals is volumetrically minor; the following dolomite phase dominates and consists of centimeter-size replacive saddle dolomite crystals that contain fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging between 301 and 382C. The third dolomite consists of millimeter- to centimeter-size saddle dolomite crystals that fill late fractures; this phase is characterized by lower temperature fluid inclusions (159–171C). A lower temperature calcite phase (107–123C) fills some voids. Fluid inclusions are saline (8.7 to 13.3 wt.% NaClequiv). The dolomite and calcite phases are characterized by very negative 18OVPDB (Vienna Peedee belemnite) values (between 19 and 14) and negative 13CVPDB values (between 8 and 1). The replacive saddle dolomite phase originated from a fluid with very positive 18OVSMOW (Vienna standard mean ocean water) values (+8), whereas the following dolomite and calcite precipitated from fluids with lower 18OVSMOW values (+3.4 and +4.5). We propose that fault-focused circulation of magmatic fluids is responsible for the very high-temperature massive dolomite replacement of the calcite host, and high-temperature burial fluids later used fractures to circulate in the dolomitized host to precipitate late dolomite and calcite. Regionally, hydrocarbon migration is recognized at the time of late calcite cementation.
The Southern Uplands Terrane: a stratigraphical review

ABSTRACT The Southern Uplands is a major Ordovician-Silurian accretionary terrane which developed as a marine basin over a period of c.75 Ma (495-420 Ma). The terrane extends to c. 10,000 km2 in Scotland alone and correlates with the similar-scale Longford–Down terrane in Ireland. Despite tectonic complexity, a detailed lithostratigraphy has been erected. The oldest strata are mudstones, cherts and lavas of mid-Arenig age known only in the Leadhills Imbricate Zone. The next youngest rocks are of similar lithology but of late Llanvirn-early Caradoc age. These oceanic sediments are succeeded by black shales of the Moffat Shale Group which are, in turn, diachronously overlain by huge volumes of turbiditic sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and minor conglomerates (greywackes) of Caradoc to Wenlock age. Overall, the terrane is sandstone-dominated, with other components such as lavas, volcaniclastics and cherts representing only a tiny proportion of the total volume. The conglomerates have a broadly northerly provenance, whereas the sandstones exhibit both marginal (NW and SE), and axial (NE and SW) derivation. During the Ordovician, strongly contrasting sources alternated through time. The youngest sandstones (Hawick and Riccarton groups), are notably rich in detrital biogenic carbonate, a rare component in the Leadhills Supergroup and Gala Group.
Proto-oceanic society (Austronesian) and Proto-East Bantu society (Niger-Congo) residence, descent, and kin terms, CA. 1000 BC

Proto Oceanic society (ca. 1000 BC) and Proto East Bantu society (ca. 500 BC) were expanding farming societies and are here held to have been matrilineal, matrilocal societies with bifurcate merging kin term systems. Matrilineality’s motive in both instances is held to be the matrilocal response to migration and migration’s warfare described by Divale with, in the instance of Proto Oceanic society, an additional association of matrilocality with long distance seafaring and its extended absences of men and, in the instance of Proto East Bantu society, an additional association of matrilocality with regular absences of men due to hunting. Proto East Bantu and Proto Oceanic parental generation kin terms agree in being bifurcate merging which is typical of lineal societies. Cognatic and patrilineal daughters speckle Oceanic’s landscape while East Bantu societies seem always lineal, the prescriptive alliance systems of the East Bantu possibly holding lineality in bolder relief in the social ethos. It is also observed that Proto East Bantu society had male age-grade societies and Proto Oceanic society did not, another difference that may have conserved matrilineality in most Proto East Bantu society daughters as the age-grades gave opportunity and order to male political ambitions. Junod’s suspicion of matrilineality in the past of the patrilineal Southern Bantu due to strong man’s sister’s child institutions is vindicated, Radcliffe-Brown’s counter-example of Polynesia’s Tonga now being dismissed as a case of another patrifocal society with a matrilineal past. Divale’s notions concerning shifts to matrilocality upon migration and the subsequent devolvement of matrilineal institutions over two and three thousand year periods are affirmed in all details examined.
Beyond deadlock

Today's atmospheric global circulation models can represent the effects of clouds through “conventional” parameterizations on coarse grids, through the use of global high‐resolution grids, or through the use of embedded cloud‐resolving models as superparameterizations in a lower resolution global model. Recent work on conventional parameterizations has been aimed at improving the representation of entrainment, including nondeterministic effects, and achieving resolution independence. Global high‐resolution grids have been very useful for studying the interaction of clouds with the global circulation out to time scales of about one simulated year; longer simulations are not yet feasible. Superparameterizations have already been used in simulations longer than a century and have succeeded in simulating the Madden‐Julian Oscillation, the diurnal cycle of precipitation, and other phenomena that have presented challenges for conventionally parameterized models.
Clear-Sky Longwave Irradiance at the Earth’s Surface—Evaluation of Climate Models

Abstract An evaluation of the clear-sky longwave irradiance at the earth’s surface (LI) simulated in climate models and in satellite-based global datasets is presented. Algorithm-based estimates of LI, derived from global observations of column water vapor and surface (or screen air) temperature, serve as proxy “observations. ” All datasets capture the broad zonal variation and seasonal behavior in LI, mainly because the behavior in column water vapor and temperature is reproduced well. Over oceans, the dependence of annual and monthly mean irradiance upon sea surface temperature (SST) closely resembles the observed behavior of column water with SST. In particular, the observed hemispheric difference in the summer minus winter column water dependence on SST is found in all models, though with varying seasonal amplitudes. The analogous behavior in the summer minus winter LI is seen in all datasets. Over land, all models have a more highly scattered dependence of LI upon surface temperature compared with the.
Mesquite Removal and Mulching Treatment Impacts on Herbage Production and Selected Soil Chemical Properties

Determining the effects of mesquite (Prosopis velutina) overstory removal, posttreatment control of sprouting, and mulching treatments on herbage production (standing biomass) and selected soil chemical properties on the Santa Rita Experimental Range were the objectives of this study. Mesquite control consisted of complete overstory removals with and without the control of the resulting regrowth of stump sprouts. The mulching treatments were applications of mesquite wood chips, commercial compost, and lopped-and-scattered mesquite branchwood. Herbage production was estimated in the spring and early fall to determine total annual production and the production of early growers and late growers. Mesquite removal resulted in increases in herbage production. Mesquite removal had no effect on the soil chemical properties considered. The mulching treatments did not have an affect on herbage production, although a few of the soil chemical properties were affected by some of the mulching treatments.
Evaluation of digital elevation models for delineation of hydrological response units in a Himalayan watershed

This study reports results from evaluation of the quality of digital elevation model (DEM) from four sources viz. topographic map (1:50,000), Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) (90 m), optical stereo pair from ASTER (15 m) and CARTOSAT (2.5 m) and their use in derivation of hydrological response units (HRUs) in Sitla Rao watershed (North India). The HRUs were derived using water storage capacity and slope to produce surface runoff zones. The DEMs were evaluated on elevation accuracy and representation of morphometric features. The DEM derived from optical stereo pairs (ASTER and CARTOSAT) provided higher vertical accuracies than the SRTM and topographic map-based DEM. The SRTM with a coarse resolution of 90 m provided vertical accuracy but better morphometry compared to topographic map. The HRU maps derived from the fine resolution DEM (ASTER and CARTOSAT) were more detailed but did not provide much advantage for hydrological studies at the scale of Sitla Rao watershed (5800 ha).
Pollution Assessment of the Ebute Meta Creek Impacted by Domestic Sewage Lagos, Nigeria

The ecological and economic significance of creeks is of global importance to coastal areas. These advantages have been underutilized in many developing countries resulting in considerable pollution of its water ways. This study investigates the degree of pollution of the Ebute Meta creek system Lagos, southwestern Nigeria. Surface water, ground water, soil, sediment and plant samples were collected between the months of May and July 2011. Average surface water DO (2.39±1.45 mg/L), BOD (167±53 mg/L), COD (329±106 mg/L), NO3 - (28.3±3.67 mg/L), NH3 (22.3±4.8 mg/L) and (Pb 0.23±0.02 mg/L) levels indicated gross organic and metal pollution. Ground water similarly, showed elevated levels of BOD (12.9±0.7 mg/L), nitrate (36.1±5.35 mg/L) and ammonia (13.7±2.6 mg/L). Metal levels in surface water and sediment was strongly correlated (r=0.89). Topsoil and vegetation samples around the vicinity of the creek did not show any significant level of contamination. There was no significant differences (p=0.05) in surface and ground water quality among the sampling points. The creek water was classified as heavily polluted. This could affect the aquatic flora and fauna of the creek ecosystem. Remediation measures should be employed to clean up the water way system and the environment.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on infection and growth of rice and pearl millet in upland fields with three water regimes

ABSTRACT Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may enhance crop growth in upland fields, depending on the water regime. To quantify changes in AMF infection rate and subsequent effects on nutrient uptake and growth, we grew rice (wetland crop) and pearl millet (dryland crop) genotypes with or without the commercial inoculant Dr. Kinkon (Glomus sp. R10) in Andosol upland fields in 2020 and 2021. Root infection rates were measured in shallow (0–10 cm) and deep (20–30 cm) layers under three water regimes: well-irrigated, half-irrigated, and non-irrigated. Inoculation enhanced shoot dry weight (SDW), plant height, tiller number, phosphorus (P) uptake, leaf water potential, photosynthetic rate (measured only in 2021) and root transversal area. The increase in SDW with inoculation was higher under well-irrigated than under water-limited conditions. The increment in pearl millet SDW was related to higher P uptake associated with higher infection rates, whereas that in rice SDW was related to maintenance of leaf water potential, greater root transversal area and root length density, and higher P uptake but not to infection rate parameters. Inoculation increased mycorrhizal and vesicular infection rates with the similar tendency for arbuscular infection rate and qPCR. Infection rates were similar across water regimes in both years despite significant differences in plant growth parameters with higher rates in deep than shallow layers. AMF inoculation enhanced infection rates, mostly independent of water regime, but plant growth enhancement was greater under the well-irrigated treatment and was more directly linked with infection rates in pearl millet. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
MIDDLE EOCENE TERRESTRIAL PALYNOMORPHS FROM THE DOLIME MINERALS AND GULF HAMMOCK QUARRIES, FLORIDA, U.S.A

Abstract A small but diverse assemblage of pollen and spores recovered from marine sediments of the Avon Park Formation (middle Eocene) in west central Florida, represents the oldest land flora described from the state. Twenty-one pollen taxa from terrestrial plants, are identified from the Dolime Minerals and Gulf Hammock quarries. The presence of mangrove pollen associates such as Acrostichum, Nypa, and Pelliciera associated with seagrass macrofossils, combined with evidence from invertebrate fossils and sedimentary structures, suggest that the sediments of the Avon Park Formation, at these quarry sites, were deposited in a shallow marine lagoon, perhaps near the mouth of a river or stream in a protected area that had some tidal influence. This is the earliest report of terrestrial vegetation and near marine vegetation of Florida and documents the presence of a Florida landmass during middle Eocene time.
The interannual change of atmospheric CO2: Contribution of subtropical ecosystems?

The global terrestrial carbon cycle model CARAIB (CARbon Assimilation In the Biosphere) is used to study the response of the terrestrial ecosystems to the large scale climate variations over the period 1980–1993. The global net carbon exchange flux with the atmosphere is calculated and compared with the terrestrial contribution derived from the deconvolution of the atmospheric CO2 and δ13C measurements. A fairly large CO2 biospheric source is predicted during the strong El Niño events of 1982–83 and 1986–87 as a consequence of the induced global warming. The direct and indirect temperature controls of the primary production and respiration dominate the CO2 anomaly. An analysis of the relative contribution by latitudinal bands and ecosystems shows that low‐latitude vegetation dominates the variability at the El Niño time scale. In savannas, the model indicates that the interannual changes result, to a large extent, from the control of soil water content on gross primary production (GPP). In the tropical rain forests, both respiration and GPP contribute to the response of the net biospheric flux.
HISTORICAL TEMPERATURE TRENDS IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

xiv Chapter One: Introduction 1 1.1 Measuring Climate Change 1 1.1.1 Climate Change across the World 3 1.1.2 Climate Change in the United States 6 1.1. 3 Climate Change in Southern California 8 1.2 Research Questions 11 Chapter Two: Literature Review 13 2.1 Climate Change and its Impact on Temperature Changes 13 2.2 Threshold Temperature Analysis 16 2.3 Urban Heat Island Effect 19 Chapter Three: Data Sources and Methods 22 3.1 Description of Study Area 22 3.2 Data 26 3.2.1 Historical Surface Temperature 26 3.2.1.1 Daily Surface Temperature 26 3.2.1.2 Monthly Surface Temperature 27 3.3 Selection of Weather Stations 29 3.3.1 Weather Stations for Daily Surface Temperature 29 3.3.1.1 Characteristics of Daily Temperature Data at Six Stations 31 3.3.2 Weather Stations for Monthly and Yearly Surface Temperature 34 3.3.2.1 Weather Stations for Monthly Surface Temperature 39 3.3.2.2 Weather Stations for Yearly Surface Temperature 42 3.4 Analysis of the Climate Trend 44 3.4. 1 Daily Temperature 44 3.4. 2 Monthly Temperature 45 3.4. 3 Yearly Temperature 45
Television drama production in small nations: Mobilities in a changing ecology

For small nations, the television industry functions on a number of interlinking levels constructing a sense of identity, contributing towards a democratic public sphere, and providing an important cultural and economic resource. Television drama is particularly important to these functions due to its ability to tell stories about and for a nation. However, the ecology of television drama production is changing in terms of technological innovation, greater competition, downward pressure on costs, and evolving audience consumption patterns. Set within this context, this article investigates the television industry of a particular small nation, Wales, and its most recent creative infrastructure project, the BBC’s Roath Lock Studios. One of the key features of the Welsh production ecology is mobility, and the authors frame this research around three aspects of mobility, which condition the making of television drama: how production and symbolic value are mobilized in small nations, the consequences of production mobility between regions and nations, and the impetus for content mobility through the international sale of series and formats. These forms of mobility are intimately linked to the negotiation of power, which circumscribes all indigenous drama production, but which may be felt more acutely by smaller nations where access to talent, greater limits on resources and questions of sustainability condition the everyday realities of television professionals. Using interviews with key stakeholders in the field of television drama production in Wales, this article argues that the voice and lived experience of television practitioners and stakeholders is a vital element in the academic critique of cultural and industrial developments in television production. The research suggests that Roath Lock would seem to be a success within its principal term of reference, which is to house more efficient and well-made drama for the BBC network and for S4C. On a more subjective level, it has been used by a variety of stakeholders to create positive perceptions of Welsh creative industries and ‘put Wales on the map’, to compete with other locales within and outside the United Kingdom, for international productions, capital investment, talent and industry legitimacy. However, real concerns remain about whether it enables drama production that adequately represents contemporary life in Wales, and delivers on the cultural aspirations of television workers and viewers.