Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isotherms and Kinetic Studies of Copper Removal from Textile Wastewater and Aqueous Solution Using Powdered Banana Peel Waste as an Adsorbent in Batch Adsorption Systems

Heavy metals that are present in surface water and wastewater are becoming a severe environmental problem. Because of its toxicity, heavy metal removal has become the main priority for environmental concerns. Banana peels are low-cost agricultural waste that could be used for heavy metal adsorption in wastewater. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effective powdered banana peel for the removal of copper (II) from aqueous solutions and real wastewater. The banana peels were collected from domestic waste and ground to get a particle size of 150 µm. Powdered banana peel waste adsorbent (PBPWA) contained moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and bulk density of 3.8%, 3.5%, 37.5%, and 0.02 g/cm3, respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the alkyne, aldehyde, and amide functional groups were dominant in the powdered banana peel surface, and the scanning electron microscope showed the morphology of the adsorbent. Physicochemical characteristics of the raw wastewater revealed that the concentration of Cu (II), Pb (II), COD, BOD5, and Cd (II) were 2.75 mg/L, 2.02 mg/L, 612.16 mg/L, 185.35 mg/L, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. At pH 5, adsorbent dose of 2g/100 mL, initial copper (II) concentration of 80 mg/L, and contact time of 90 min, the maximum removal efficiency of synthetic wastewater was 96.8% and textile wastewater was 69.0%. The adsorption isotherm fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model at R2 = 0.99. The kinetics of copper (II) adsorption followed the second-order kinetic model better. Finally, these studies showed that banana peel bio-adsorbent is a potential adsorbent for heavy metal removal from synthetic and textile wastewater.
Insights into Gene Regulation under Temozolomide-Promoted Cellular Dormancy and Its Connection to Stemness in Human Glioblastoma

The aggressive features of glioblastoma (GBM) are associated with dormancy. Our previous transcriptome analysis revealed that several genes were regulated during temozolomide (TMZ)-promoted dormancy in GBM. Focusing on genes involved in cancer progression, Chemokine (C-C motif) Receptor-Like (CCRL)1, Schlafen (SLFN)13, Sloan-Kettering Institute (SKI), Cdk5 and Abl Enzyme Substrate (Cables)1, and Dachsous Cadherin-Related (DCHS)1 were selected for further validation. All showed clear expression and individual regulatory patterns under TMZ-promoted dormancy in human GBM cell lines, patient-derived primary cultures, glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), and human GBM ex vivo samples. All genes exhibited complex co-staining patterns with different stemness markers and with each other, as examined by immunofluorescence staining and underscored by correlation analyses. Neurosphere formation assays revealed higher numbers of spheres during TMZ treatment, and gene set enrichment analysis of transcriptome data revealed significant regulation of several GO terms, including stemness-associated ones, indicating an association between stemness and dormancy with the involvement of SKI. Consistently, inhibition of SKI during TMZ treatment resulted in higher cytotoxicity, proliferation inhibition, and lower neurosphere formation capacity compared to TMZ alone. Overall, our study suggests the involvement of CCRL1, SLFN13, SKI, Cables1, and DCHS1 in TMZ-promoted dormancy and demonstrates their link to stemness, with SKI being particularly important.
An Investigation of the Representativeness Heuristic: The Case of a Multiple Choice Exam.

By focusing on a particular alteration of the comparative likelihood task, this study contributes to research on teachers’ understanding of probability. Our novel task presented prospective teachers with multinomial, contextualized sequences and asked them to identify which was least likely. Results demonstrate that determinants of representativeness (featured in research on binomial, platonic sequences) are present in the current situation as well. In identifying a variety of context-related features influencing teachers’ choices, we suggest the context in which tasks are presented significantly influences probabilistic judgments; however, contextual consideration also provides researchers with potential difficulties for analyzing results. In addition, we identify strands for further research of contextual influence.
Detection of leaf disease in tomato plants using a lightweight parallel deep convolutional neural network

Abstract Plant diseases and poisonous insects are major threats to agriculture. As a result, detecting and diagnosing these illnesses as soon as feasible is critical. The ongoing development of major deep learning techniques has substantially aided in the diagnosis of plant leaf diseases, providing a potent instrument with incredibly exact results. Deep learning algorithms, on the other hand, are dependent on the quality and quantity of labelled data used for training. The lightweight parallel deep convolutional neural network is described in this study for detecting plant leaf disease. In addition, the Generative Adversarial Neural Network is introduced for creating synthetic data in order to overcome the data scarcity problem caused by uneven dataset size. The experimental results for two-class, six-class and ten-class disease identification of tomato plant samples from the Plant Village dataset are provided. The effectiveness of the proposed model is assessed using numerous performance measures, including accuracy, recall, precision and F1-score, and compared to known state-of-the-art approaches for tomato plant leaf disease detection. The proposed system provides better accuracy (99.14%, 99.05%, 98.11% accuracy for the 2-class, 6-class and 10-class) for tomato leaf disease detection compared with traditional existing approaches.
An Analytic Model for Tropical Cyclone Outer Winds

The variation of Tropical cyclone azimuthal wind speed (V) with distance from storm center (r) is a fundamental aspect of storm structure with important implications for risk and damages. The theoretical model of Emanuel (2004, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511735035.010), which applies outside the rainy core of the storm, matches radiatively‐driven subsidence and Ekman suction rates just above the boundary layer to obtain a nonlinear differential equation for dV/dr. This model is appealing because of its strong physical foundation, but lacks a known analytic solution for V(r). In this paper, I obtain an analytic solution to V(r) for the Emanuel (2004, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511735035.010) outer wind model. Following previous work, I then use this solution to explore properties of merged wind models that combine the outer model with an inner model, which applies to the rainy core of a storm.
Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Spray-Dried Encapsulated Kale Sprouts after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

The health-related compounds present in kale are vulnerable to the digestive process or storage conditions. Encapsulation has become an alternative for their protection and takes advantage of their biological activity. In this study, 7-day-old Red Russian kale sprouts grown in the presence of selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) were spray-dried with maltodextrin to assess their capacity to protect kale sprout phytochemicals from degradation during the digestion process. Analyses were conducted on the encapsulation efficiency, particle morphology, and storage stability. Mouse macrophages (Raw 264.7) and human intestinal cells (Caco-2) were used to assess the effect of the intestinal-digested fraction of the encapsulated kale sprout extracts on the cellular antioxidant capacity, the production of nitric oxide (NOx), and the concentrations of different cytokines as indicators of the immunological response. The highest encapsulation efficiency was observed in capsules with a 50:50 proportion of the hydroalcoholic extract of kale and maltodextrin. Gastrointestinal digestion affected compounds’ content in encapsulated and non-encapsulated kale sprouts. Spray-dried encapsulation reduced the phytochemicals’ degradation during storage, and the kale sprouts germinated with S and Se showed less degradation of lutein (35.6%, 28.2%), glucosinolates (15.4%, 18.9%), and phenolic compounds (20.3%, 25.7%), compared to non-encapsulated ones, respectively. S-encapsulates exerted the highest cellular antioxidant activity (94.2%) and immunomodulatory activity by stimulating IL-10 production (88.9%) and COX-2 (84.1%) and NOx (92.2%) inhibition. Thus, encapsulation is an effective method to improve kale sprout phytochemicals’ stability and bioactivity during storage and metabolism.
Evaluation of Waist Circumference, Waist-Hip Ratio and Waist-Length Ratio in Insulin Resistance: Which is A Powerful Predictor?

Introduction: The most important cause of insulin resistance(IR) is obesity. Abdominal adiposity (AA) is more important than general obesity in IR formation. The aim of this study is to evaluate waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-length ratio (WLR) as the AA markers, and to question their predictive properties in IR. Material and Methods: Individuals diagnosed with IR were retrospectively examined. Seventy patients between 20-65 ages without systemic disease and drug use were included in the study. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, and obesity grades. They were divided into the risk groups according to WC, WHR, WLR and compared each other in terms of HOMA-IR levels. Results: Of the cases 78.6% were female and 21.4% were male. The mean age was 43.04 years. The mean HOMA-IR level was 5.38. Severe obesity was in 35 (50%) patients. WC, in 87.2% of women 60% of men, WHR, in 65.4% of women 93.3% of men, and WLR, in 98.1% of women 93.3% of men were high. HOMA-IR level was found to be statistically different in the WLR risky group compared to the others(p<0.05). WLR was more significant and indicated IR with 70% sensitivity and 80% specificity with a HOMA IR level of 3.03 and above. Conclusion: WLR is a stronger predictor than WC and WHR in all obesity grades for IR. It can be preferred as a powerful predictor for the risk assessment of abdominal obesity and IR status.
Comparative Study on Nutritional Characteristics and Volatile Flavor Substances of Yak Milk in Different Regions of Gannan

This study aimed to investigate the nutritional properties of yak milk in various areas of Gannan. The milk composition analyzer, automatic amino acid analyzer, and flavor analyzer were used to detect the conventional nutrients, amino acids, and volatile flavor substances of 249 yak milks in Meiren grassland, Xiahe grassland, and Maqu grassland (hereinafter referred to as Meiren yak, Xiahe yak, and Maqu yak) in the Gannan area. The results showed that the fat content of Meiren yak milk was significantly higher than that of Maqu yak and Xiahe yak (p < 0.05). The protein content of Meiren yak milk was significantly higher than that of Xiahe yak (p < 0.05), but not significantly different from that of Maqu yak (p > 0.05). The casein content in the milk of Maqu yak was significantly higher than that of Meiren yak and Xiahe yak (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the lactose content of yak milk in the three regions (p > 0.05). The content of glutamic acid in the milk of Meiren yak, Xiahe yak, and Maqu yak was noticeably high, which was 1.03 g/100 g, 1.07 g/100 g, and 1.10 g/100 g, respectively. The total amino acid (TAA) content was 4.78 g/100 g, 4.87 g/100 g, and 5.0 g/100 g, respectively. The ratios of essential amino acids (EAA) and total amino acids (TAA) in the milk of Meiren yak, Xiahe yak, and Maqu yak were 42.26%, 41.27%, and 41.39%, respectively, and the ratios of essential amino acids (EAA) and nonessential amino acids (NEAA) were 73.19%, 70.28%, and 70.61%, respectively. In the yak milk samples collected from three different regions, a total of 34 volatile flavor compounds were detected, including 10 aldehydes, five esters, six ketones, four alcohols, two acids, and seven others. The main flavor substances qualitatively obtained from Meiren yak milk were ethyl acetate, n-valeraldehyde, acetic acid, heptanal, and n-hexanal. Xiahe yak milk mainly contains ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, n-valeraldehyde, heptanal, and ethyl butyrate. Maqu yak milk mainly contains ethyl acetate, n-valeraldehyde, isoamyl alcohol, heptanal, ethyl butyrate, and n-hexanal. Principal component analysis showed that the flavor difference between Xiahe yak and Maqu yak was small, while the flavor difference between Xiahe yak, Maqu yak, and Meiren yak was large. The findings of this research can serve as a foundation for the future advancement and application of yak milk.
Efficient estimation for the Cox model with varying coefficients

A proportional hazards model with varying coefficients allows one to examine the extent to which covariates interact nonlinearly with an exposure variable. A global partial likelihood method, in contrast with the local partial likelihood method of Fan et al. (2006), is proposed for estimation of varying coefficient functions. The proposed estimators are proved to be consistent and asymptotically normal. Semiparametric efficiency of the estimators is demonstrated in terms of their linear functionals. Evidence in support of the superiority of the method is presented in numerical studies and real examples. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.
Effects of Hypoglycemia on Cardiovascular Function in Patients with Diabetes

Hypoglycemia is common in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D), treated with insulin or sulfonylureas, and has multiple short- and long-term clinical implications. Whether acute or recurrent, hypoglycemia significantly affects the cardiovascular system with the potential to cause cardiovascular dysfunction. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed linking hypoglycemia to increased cardiovascular risk, including hemodynamic changes, myocardial ischemia, abnormal cardiac repolarization, cardiac arrhythmias, prothrombotic and proinflammatory effects, and induction of oxidative stress. Hypoglycemia-induced changes can promote the development of endothelial dysfunction, which is an early marker of atherosclerosis. Although data from clinical trials and real-world studies suggest an association between hypoglycemia and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes, it remains uncertain whether this association is causal. New therapeutic agents for patients with T2D do not cause hypoglycemia and have cardioprotective benefits, whereas increasing the use of new technologies, such as continuous glucose monitoring devices and insulin pumps, has the potential to reduce hypoglycemia and its adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T1D.
Vortex Shedding from Smooth and Roughened Cylinders in Cross-Flow near a Plane Surface

The characteristics of the flow field around a circular cylinder in cross-flow placed at various distances from a plane, parallel both to the flow and to the cylinder axis, were analysed using a hot wire anemometer. Experiments were performed in a wind tunnel with Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.85×105 to 3×105. The spectra of the hot wire signals were obtained using a Fast Fourier Transform technique programmed on a PDP 11/40 computer. As regards a smooth cylinder, the main features of the vortex shedding mechanism in the subcritical regime remained unaltered for distances from the plane greater than approximately 0.4 diameters; in particular the Strouhal frequency did not show any significant variation relative to the typical value for an isolated cylinder. As for lower values of the distance from the plane, the regular vortex shedding disappeared and the hot wire spectra showed typical turbulent features. The possibility of obtaining supercritical conditions by roughening the cylinder surface was confirmed together with the importance of the Reynolds number based on the typical roughness size, Rk, in the evaluation of the flow regime around the cylinder. In the case of roughened cylinders, and with values of Rk below-350, the regular vortex shedding disappeared at a distance from the plane smaller than 0.3 diameters. This fact suggests that, at least in part of the supercritical regime, the influence of the plane can be smaller than in the subcritical regime.
Modern Surgical Techniques of Thyroidectomy and Advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Perioperative Complications

Simple Summary The aim of this study was to collate the achievements to date in the field of the treatment and prevention of complications during thyroidectomy, with a particular focus on the latest findings. The points of interest were modern surgical techniques, the prevention of damage to the parathyroid glands and the recurrent laryngeal nerves during surgery and perioperative bleeding. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of the endocrine system, and, in recent years, there has been a phenomenon of overdiagnosis followed by subsequent overtreatment. This results in an increasing number of thyroidectomy complications being faced in clinical practice. In this paper, we present the current state of knowledge and the latest findings in the fields of modern surgical techniques, thermal ablation, the identification and assessment of parathyroid function, recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring and treatment and perioperative bleeding. We reviewed 485 papers, from which we selected 125 papers that are the most relevant. The main merit of this article is its comprehensive view of the subject under discussion—both general, concerning the selection of the appropriate method of surgery, and particular, concerning the selection of the appropriate method of prevention or treatment of selected perioperative complications.
The impact of stormwater management strategies on the flow regime of a peri-urban catchment facing urbanisation and climate change: a distributed modelling study in Lyon, France

ABSTRACT The relative impact of urbanisation (urban sprawl), climate change (rainfall and evapotranspiration) and stormwater disconnection strategies (implementation of green infrastructure (GI)) on a peri-urban stream in the western suburbs of Lyon, France, was investigated using a distributed, physically based model (J2000P). Results showed that ambitious catchment-scale implementation of GI has the potential to mitigate some hydrological effects of urbanisation, especially a drastic reduction of combined sewer overflows. However, GI did not have a large impact on the stream flow regime, especially in the context of climate change, as the stream is dominated by non-urban contributions. Spatially distributed models have the capacity to inform river managers about the extent of implementation of GI needed to achieve given management goals and highlight some limitations of disconnection strategies. Indeed, while GI improved the resilience of sewer networks to global change, it was not sufficient to compensate for the effects of climate change on streamflow.
Udder Ultrasonography of Dairy Cows: Investigating the Relationship between Echotexture, Blood Flow, Somatic Cell Count and Milk Yield during Dry Period and Lactation

Simple Summary Udder health is important for dairy cows’ productivity and welfare. Ultrasonography has been proven a practical method to examine udder health on farms. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ultrasonographic features and indicators of udder health and productivity. Twenty-one Holstein cows were examined repeatedly during a crucial period starting from the end of the late lactation stage, continuing throughout the dry period and ending in the early stage of the consecutive lactation period. Statistical models presented significant associations between blood flow in the milk vein and udder echotexture parameters with daily milk production and milk somatic cell count. Udder ultrasonography is a useful and practical tool for the comprehensive assessment of udder health. Abstract Udder health of dairy cows is related to their productivity and welfare. The period from dry-off to calving and early lactation is crucial. Ultrasonography is a useful and practical tool for the examination of the mammary parenchyma and blood flow. This observational study investigated the relationship between udder echotexture features, blood flow volume (BFVol) in the milk vein, milk somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk yield (DMY) from late lactation, throughout the dry period and consecutive early lactation. Seventeen repeated measurements were performed on twenty-one Holstein cows. The udder parenchyma was examined with B-mode ultrasonography. Udder echotexture was studied using 15 features: Numerical Pixel Value (NPV), Pixel Standard Deviation (PSD), Skewness, Excess, Contrast, Homogeneity, Correlation, Entropy, Run Percentage, Long-Run Emphasis, Grey Value Distribution, Runlength Distribution, Gradient Mean Value, Gradient Variance and Percentage of Non-zero Gradients. Blood flow in the milk vein was examined with spectral Doppler. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to investigate relationships between BFVol, udder echotexture features, SCC and DMY throughout the study period. Our models showed that a 1 kg increase in DMY was associated with a significant increase of 0.25 L/min in the expected BFVol and that a 1,000,000-cells/mL increase in SCC was associated with a significant BFVol decrease of 0.49 L/min, keeping all other variables constant. Multivariable models showed significant associations between DMY and NPV, between PSD and Long-Run Emphasis, and between SCC and NPV, PSD, Gradient Mean Value, Homogeneity, Gradient Variance and Entropy. In conclusion, udder echotexture and BFVol in the milk vein are related to SCC and milk yield. Ultrasonography can be used for the comprehensive assessment of udder health in support of precision dairy farming.
Cardiovascular Subphenotypes in ARDS: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications and Overlap with Other ARDS Subphenotypes

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly heterogeneous clinical condition. Shock is a poor prognostic sign in ARDS, and heterogeneity in its pathophysiology may be a barrier to its effective treatment. Although right ventricular dysfunction is commonly implicated, there is no consensus definition for its diagnosis, and left ventricular function is neglected. There is a need to identify the homogenous subgroups within ARDS, that have a similar pathobiology, which can then be treated with targeted therapies. Haemodynamic clustering analyses in patients with ARDS have identified two subphenotypes of increasingly severe right ventricular injury, and a further subphenotype of hyperdynamic left ventricular function. In this review, we discuss how phenotyping the cardiovascular system in ARDS may align with haemodynamic pathophysiology, can aid in optimally defining right ventricular dysfunction and can identify tailored therapeutic targets for shock in ARDS. Additionally, clustering analyses of inflammatory, clinical and radiographic data describe other subphenotypes in ARDS. We detail the potential overlap between these and the cardiovascular phenotypes.