Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory studies for prediction of responses of algae to algaecides in situ

Appropriately designed laboratory studies can be widely applicable and are often used for their predictive capabilities. One such application for these laboratory studies has been successful prediction of effective treatment strategies for algae in situ (see Duke 2007, Bishop and Rogers 2011, Calomeni et al. 2015, Iwinski 2016, Geer et al. 2017, for specific examples of this approach). Algae become problematic in freshwater resources when algal population densities or concentrations of secondary compounds [e.g., 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), geosmin, microcystins, and prymnesins] exceed threshold levels, triggering algaecide treatments at the site where the algae are growing (Getsinger et al. 2014). Algae can be problematic in aquatic systems with a range of biological (e.g., algal species, strains), physical [e.g., size (spatial dimensions), lotic, lentic] and chemical characteristics (e.g., pH, alkalinity, hardness, conductivity, total suspended solids). Due to the multifaceted character of algal issues, preliminary predictions of algal responses using laboratory studies can decrease associated uncertainty regarding algal responses to algaecide applications in situ. The current approach for predictive laboratory studies is informed by decades of development. Historically, algal studies have attempted to use one or more unialgal cultures grown in laboratory-formulated media (e.g., Fitzgerald and Faust 1963, Miller et al. 1978) to predict algal responses to exposures (e.g., chemical stimuli such as algaecides or nutrients) in natural systems. Results from previous algal studies have demonstrated that 1) different algae (e.g., species, strains) do not respond similarly to the same exposure, 2) exposures of the same concentration of different algaecides result in disparate algal responses, and 3) algae respond divergently in different exposure waters (e.g., culture media versus water collected from an aquatic system). Questions subsequently arose pertaining to 1) the utility of responses of one or a few unialgal cultures to predict responses of natural algal assemblages, and 2) differences in responses of algae to compounds in laboratory-formulated media relative to water collected from an aquatic system of interest. A current fundamental premise for predictive algal studies is that algaecide exposures in the laboratory and in situ must be equal and comparable for similar and thus predictable responses of algae to these exposures. To address issues associated with historical laboratory studies, a site-specific approach (Figure 1) is used. This manuscript outlines requisite considerations and methods to design, interpret, implement, and translate results from predictive laboratory studies for use in situ. This information is outlined in the following sections 1) problem identification/definition, 2) study design, 3) laboratory studies, 4) laboratory to in situ translation, 5) corroboration of laboratory and in situ studies (Figure 1), and 6) case study.
Une estimation de l’abondance estivale du Dauphin bleu et blanc Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) dans le futur sanctuaire marin international de Méditerranée nord-occidentale

L'accord de mars 1993 fixe les limites du futur Sanctuaire Marin International. Nous avons concu et realise un transect lineaire visuel pour y estimer l'abondance estivale du Dauphin bleu et blanc (Stenella coeruleoalba). L'echantillonnage est constitue par 8 segments de droites totalisant 755 milles (1 399 km), realise entre le 16.VII et le 9.VIII. 1996 a bord d'un bateau de 12 metres. La vitesse moyenne a ete maintenue au-dessus de 6 noeuds et quatre observateurs assuraient en permanence la detection des Cetaces. Ils etaient munis de jumelles permettant de mesurer le relevement et l'azimut des groupes detectes. L'analyse des donnees a ete realisee grâce au logiciel Distance 2.1, en considerant que l'hypothese de certitude de detection sur la ligne etait valide. Sur un total de 144 groupes de Cetaces detectes en effort, 70 ont ete des groupes de Dauphins bleus et blancs. Nous obtenons une estimation de densite de 0,56 individu par km 2 (CV = 16,4 %), soit un effectif d'environ 28 385 animaux. Ce resultat est en assez bon accord avec des estimations realisees anterieurement dans le secteur et confirme l'importance majeure du sanctuaire pour la population mediterraneenne de Dauphins bleus et blancs. Nous discutons les raisons pour lesquelles ce type d'etude permet un suivi regulier et de bonne qualite de la population de Cetaces au sein du sanctuaire.
Geomagnetic field archaeointensities from Britain and the application of the microwave palaeointensity method to materials of differing dielectric properties

The strength of the geomagnetic field is a subject of both scientific and public interest, with the decay over the past 160 years leading to speculation as to whether we are entering a geomagnetic reversal. Prior to 1840, there was no capability for direct measurements of geomagnetic field strength; to investigate the field strength at this time, palaeomagnetic and archaeomagnetic determinations must be made. Here we investigate the strength of the field in Britain over the past 1500 years as recorded by archaeological artefacts including ceramics, brick and burnt sandstone. Results are derived using both microwave and thermal demagnetisation. The theory of microwave demagnetisation is fully explained and equations governing the absorption of energy by an archaeomagnetic sample in a microwave cavity are derived. As a result, the possibility of demagnetising a palaeomagnetic sample using microwaves without significant heating is demonstrated for the first time. Geomagnetic field archaeointensities from seven British sites are reported. A meta-analysis of global archaeointensity and palaeointensity data from 1590 to 1990 reveals that significant bias has been introduced to field models through inconsistent error estimation. It is shown that the principle source of uncertainty in archaeointensity should be considered as systematic, rather than experimental and that data of arbitrarily high precision can only marginally increase our knowledge of the field. Correspondingly, it is argued that while large data sets are informative enough to constrain the evolution of the geomagnetic field, archaeointensity can only have a limited application as an archaeomagnetic dating tool. It is demonstrated that when the uncertainties are properly quantified, the global data implies that the recent decay of the dipole, evident in magnetic observatory data from 1840 until the present day, is part of a longer term trend, starting as early as 1600.
Effects of Surface Roughness on Three-Dimensional Flow Structure Within Shaped Film Cooling Holes

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques are expanding what is possible for designing and constructing gas turbine components that can handle increasingly harsh operating conditions. However, AM techniques can also introduce surface roughness that is more prominent than conventional manufacturing methods. The influence of this roughness could have an important effect on the performance of film cooling holes. However, little is known experimentally on what happens inside of a film cooling hole since this region is challenging to access with traditional measurement techniques. This study uses magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) to observe the in-hole flow structure of a scaled version of a baseline diffuser-shaped hole configuration with and without surface roughness at two blowing ratio conditions. The roughness geometry is derived from computed tomography (CT) scans of a metal-AM diffuser hole. The three-component, three-dimensional, time-averaged velocity field is measured by MRV and includes the flow from the plenum, within the hole, and in the vicinity of the hole exit. The momentum distribution within the diffuser differs between the smooth and rough holes, with peak velocities and flow asymmetry influenced by the surface roughness. Flow along the leeward wall of the diffuser is nearly separated, and the size of this separated flow region is smaller in the roughened cases. These effects are accentuated at larger blowing ratio. These data provide explanatory evidence of how the momentum distribution within smooth and rough holes may impact surface effectiveness results downstream of the shaped holes. CT scans of the surface roughness coupled with the MRV measurements provide non-optical means to characterize the hole geometry and as-built performance of additively manufactured test coupons with important implications for the field.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Do Teachers Have Different Mental Representations of Relationships With Children in Cases of Hyperactivity Versus Conduct Problems?

The present study examined how different externalizing child behaviors (i.e., hyperactivity, conduct problems) were uniquely associated with teachers’ mental representations of relationships with individual children. Participants were 61 teacher–child dyads from typical Dutch elementary schools. Using a two-wave design, teachers first reported about a child’s behavior. Four months later, they were interviewed using the Teacher Relationship Interview to assess relationship representations. The Teacher Relationship Interview was rated by coders on 9 constructs that comprised 3 dimensions: content (e.g., sensitive practices of teachers); affect (e.g., positive and negative feelings); and process (e.g., coherence of narratives). Regression analyses revealed that teachers had higher levels of positive affect and sensitive practices when it came to hyperactivity, whereas teachers experienced more anger when it came to conduct problems. The results indicate that hyperactivity and conduct problems may uniquely contribute to teachers’ mental representations of their relationships with children.
Summary of evidence-based guideline: Complementary and alternative medicine in multiple sclerosis

Objective: To develop evidence-based recommendations for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We searched the literature (1970 – March 2011; March 2011 2 September 2013 MEDLINE search), classified articles, and linked recommendations to evidence. Results and recommendations: Clinicians might offer oral cannabis extract for spasticity symptoms and pain (excluding central neuropathic pain) (Level A). Clinicians might offer tetrahydro-cannabinol for spasticity symptoms and pain (excluding central neuropathic pain) (Level B). Clinicians should counsel patients that these agents are probably ineffective for objective spasticity (short-term)/tremor (Level B) and possibly effective for spasticity and pain (long-term) (Level C). Clinicians might offer Sativex oromucosal cannabinoid spray (nabiximols) for spasticity symptoms, pain, and urinary frequency (Level B). Clinicians should counsel patients that these agents are probably ineffective for objective spasticity/urinary incontinence (Level B). Clinicians might choose not to offer these agents for tremor (Level C). Clinicians might counsel patients that magnetic therapy is probably effective for fatigue and probably ineffective for depression (Level B); fish oil is probably ineffective for relapses, disability, fatigue, MRI lesions, and quality of life (QOL) (Level B); ginkgo biloba is ineffective for cognition
Specific Learning Disabilities: Clarifying, Not Eliminating, a Construct

,S.C. Dombrowski,R.W. Kamphaus,and C. R. Reynolds (2004) proposed a new set of suggested diagnostic criteria that challenges many ofthe traditional beliefs about these disorders. This article provides a critique of their proposed criteria aswell as an alternative approach for LD identification that is more aligned with current understanding ofthe etiology and characteristics of these disorders.
ENACTING DUTCHNESS IN HYMENOPLASTY CONSULTATION

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Direct transfer techniques of graphene

This thesis mainly focuses on the direct transfer techniques of CVD graphene. Two new methods to transfer graphene with no severe contamination have been reported. The effect of surface tension has been investigated experimentally. Based on several experiments to study the effect of surface tension on graphene transfer, we designed a method in which there is no need to reduce the surface tension of water. This conventional method was employed to achieve a whole device transfer in only one step. In addition, we proved that surface tension can be an essential factor in creating a graphene/water membrane that is functioned to transfer graphene to any type of substrate. This composite membrane turns out to be the most effective way to widen graphene applications. We found that liquid media with surface tension lower than that in water cannot be functioned to achieve this type of transfer. Briefly, graphene/ water membranes at high surface tension can be peeled from water with PET film assistance. Using this method, we transfer graphene to rigid and stretchable substrates, which guarantees this method is a promising technique for widening graphene usage in biomedical and environmental applications. Although the two processes, conventional and graphene/ water membrane, are utilized to transfer graphene to several materials with no severe contamination, the graphene/water composition method effectively processes the flattest graphene. INDEX WORDS: Surface tension, Graphene, Polymer-free transfer, Water-IPA mixture, Surface tension gap, CVD growth, Graphene/water membrane Copyright by Aisha Okmi 2022 Direct transfer techniques of graphene
The Ward Hunt Ice Shelf: Recent Changes of the Ice Front

Abstract Massive calving of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, northern Ellesmere Island, occurred between August 1961 and April 1962. An estimated 596 km.2 of ice shelf with a volume of 18 to 24 km.3 became detached to form ice islands, five of which are very large with areas ranging from 70 to 140 km.2. The fracture pattern and the subsequent drift of these ice islands are discussed.
Perspective Chapter: Writing Retreat – A Trajectory towards Academic Language Enhancement

Structured research writing retreats are noted for their characteristic to enhance academic writing among postgraduates as novices in the field of research. Nevertheless, as these researchers are expected to display creativity in paper writing, there are still challenges to transcribe and paraphrase own thoughts instead of transferring experiences by other scholars. It is for this reason that this chapter felt compelled to outline its aim at investigating whether writing retreats have any significant value as trajectories to redefine and enhance academic language for the so-called ‘emerging researchers’. Additionally, as researchers are loaded with other assigned duties at their workstations, this causes a limitation, yet with an effect of declining confidence in writing abilities. Findings for this investigation confirmed that a huge challenge for this cohort of students was limited space and time to work into finality the expected throughput, as compared with seasoned researchers who are already acquainted of creating own writing spaces. It is for this reason that this chapter suggests and recommends that events such as writing retreats have power to shape postgraduate students towards modified academic writing, thereby leading to enhanced academic language.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI KANTOR BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN KOTA TASIKMALAYA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial dan secara simultan antara gaya kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan di Kantor BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Kota Tasikmalaya. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan di Kantor BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Kota Tasikmalaya yaitu sebanyak 52 orang. Teknik analisa data menggunakan path analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan di kantor BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Kota Tasikmalaya sebesar 0.518 atau 51.8%. Diharapkan kantor BPJS Ketenagakerjaan mempunyai pemimpin yang benar-benar cerdas dalam mengatur strategi serta mampu melihat situasi yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawannya yaitu dengan cara menyeleksi dan Fit and Proper Test kepada calon pimpinan.
Efficacy of SGLT2 Inhibitors Versus Pioglitazone in the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complication related to obesity and metabolic syndrome. There are increased incidences of NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to rising obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. The two promising therapeutic agents for treating NAFLD/NASH are sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and pioglitazone. The reason is their potential to target underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. SGLT2 inhibitors may help treat NAFLD/NASH by reducing insulin resistance and improving glucose control, thereby lowering hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation, although their exact mechanism in this context is still being studied. This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors and pioglitazone in treating NAFLD/NASH. Major research literature databases were searched, and appropriate keywords were used to find relevant articles published in the last three years. Eighteen studies were critically evaluated using standardized quality assessment tools. Among those, nine studies qualified as medium or high quality and were included in the review. Both SGLT2 inhibitors and pioglitazone showed promising results in improving NAFLD/NASH. The efficacy outcomes assessed liver fat content, liver enzyme levels, histological improvement, and metabolic parameters. The safety outcomes considered adverse events and cardiovascular events. The conducted review suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors and pioglitazone are potential treatment options for NAFLD/NASH. Having said that, individualized considerations are essential. It includes patient comorbidities, preferences, and overall safety profiles. Further research is needed to assess long-term effects and outcomes. It would provide more definitive evidence of these treatment options’ comparative efficacy and safety for NAFLD/NASH.
Adipose-derived stem cells significantly increases collagen level and fiber maturity in patient-specific biological engineered blood vessels

Tissue engineering has driven significant research in the strive to create a supply of tissues for patient treatment. Cell integration into engineered tissues maximizes functional capabilities, however, issues of rejection remain. Autologous cell sources able to solve this issue are difficult to identify for tissue engineering purposes. Here, we present the efficacy of patient-sourced cells derived from adipose (adipose-derived stem cells, ASCs) and skin tissue (dermal fibroblasts, PtFibs) to build a combined engineered tunica media and adventitia graft, respectively. Patient cells were integrated into our lab’s vascular tissue engineering technique of forming vascular rings that are stacked into a tubular structure to create the vascular graft. For the media layer, ASCs were successfully differentiated into the smooth muscle phenotype using angiotensin II followed by culture in smooth muscle growth factors, evidenced by significantly increased expression of αSMA and myosin light chain kinase. Engineered media vessels composed of differentiated ASCs (ASC-SMCs) exhibited an elastic modulus (45.2 ± 18.9 kPa) between that of vessels of undifferentiated ASCs (71.8 ± 35.3 kPa) and control human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs; 18.7 ± 5.49 kPa) (p<0.5). Tensile strength of vessels composed of ASCs (41.3 ± 15.7 kPa) and ASC-SMCs (37.3 ± 17.0 kPa) were higher compared to vessels of HASMCs (28.4 ± 11.2 kPa). ASC-based tissues exhibited a significant increase in collagen content and fiber maturity- both factors contribute to tissue strength and stability. Furthermore, vessels gained stability and a more-uniform single-tubular shape with longer-term 1-month culture. This work demonstrates efficacy of ASCs and PtFibs to create patient-specific vessels.
Cortical closed-loop brain-machine interface requires biomimetic sensory feedback

New and improved neuroprosthetics offer great hope for motor-impaired human patients to regain autonomy. One obstacle facing current technologies is that fine motor control requires near-instantaneous somatosensory feedback. The way forward is to artificially recreate the rich, distributed feedback generated by natural movements. Here, we hypothesize that 20 incoming sensory feedback needs to follow biomimetic rules in order to be efficiently integrated by motor circuits. We have developed a rodent closed-loop brain-machine interface where head-fixed mice were trained to control a virtual cursor by modulating the activity of motor cortex neurons. Artificial feedback consisting of precise optogenetic stimulation patterns in the primary somatosensory cortex coupled to the motor cortical activity was provided online to the 25 animal. We found that learning occurred only when the feedback had a topographically biomimetic structure. Shuffling the spatiotemporal organization of the feedback prevented learning the task. These results suggest that the patterns of inputs that are structured by the body map present in the primary somatosensory cortex of all mammals are essential for sensorimotor processing and constitute a backbone that needs to be considered when 30 optimizing artificial sensory feedback for fine neuroprosthetic control. by testing causally the impact of different patterns of sensory input, and in by comparing biomimetic versus arbitrary patterns. In our study, had to patterns of onto a large area of S1. Only biomimetic cursor solve task. In these in motor our