Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Optokinetic Basis of Head-bobbing in the Pigeon

1.Head-bobbing of pigeons during walking and landing was studied using high-speed motion photography. 2.The analysis of film records indicated that head-bobbing whilst walking consists of two phases: one where the head is ‘locked’ in space but moves backward relative to its forward moving body; and another where it is thrust rapidly forward to a new position. 3.The fact that head-bobbing is abolished when pigeons walk on a treadmill suggests it is primarily a visual response rather than an equilibratory response. 4.Data are presented which show that stabilization during the ‘lock’ phase allows a small degree of slippage which is the probable source of error signals for compensatory head movements. 5.The head-bobbing that appears to occur during landing is shown to be illusory.
Temporal Selective Max Pooling Towards Practical Face Recognition.

In this report, we deal with two challenges when building a real-world face recognition system the pose variation in uncontrolled environment and the computational expense of processing a video stream. First, we argue that the frame-wise feature mean is unable to characterize the variation among frames. We propose to preserve the overall pose diversity if we want the video feature to represent the subject identity. Then identity will be the only source of variation across videos since pose varies even within a single video. Following such an untangling variation idea, we present a pose-robust face verification algorithm with each video represented as a bag of frame-wise CNN features. Second, instead of simply using all the frames, we highlight the algorithm at the key frame selection. It is achieved by pose quantization using pose distances to K-means centroids, which reduces the number of feature vectors from hundreds to K while still preserving the overall diversity. The recognition is implemented with a rank-list of oneto-one similarities (i.e., verification) using the proposed video representation. On the official 5000 video-pairs of the YouTube Face dataset, our algorithm achieves a comparable performance with state-of-the-art that averages over deep features of all frames. Particularly, the proposed generic algorithm is verified on a public dataset and yet applicable in real-world systems.
Determination of the alpha-actinin-binding site on actin filaments by cryoelectron microscopy and image analysis

The three-dimensional structure of actin filaments decorated with the actin-binding domain of chick smooth muscle alpha-actinin (alpha A1-2) has been determined to 21-A resolution. The shape and location of alpha A1-2 was determined by subtracting maps of F-actin from the reconstruction of decorated filaments. alpha A1-2 resembles a bell that measures approximately 38 A at its base and extends 42 A from its base to its tip. In decorated filaments, the base of alpha A1-2 is centered about the outer face of subdomain 2 of actin and contacts subdomain 1 of two neighboring monomers along the long-pitch (two-start) helical strands. Using the atomic model of F-actin (Lorenz, M., D. Popp, and K. C. Holmes. 1993. J. Mol. Biol. 234:826-836.), we have been able to test directly the likelihood that specific actin residues, which have been previously identified by others, interact with alpha A1-2. Our results indicate that residues 86-117 and 350-375 comprise distinct binding sites for alpha-actinin on adjacent actin monomers.
Semi-classical strings in Sasaki-Einstein manifolds

We find point-like and classical string solutions on the AdS5 × X5, where X5 are the 5-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein manifolds Yp,q and Lp,q,r. The number of acceptable solutions is limited drastically in order to satisfy the constraints on the parameters and coordinates of the manifolds. We find the energy of the above solutions as function of spins and we see that these relations depend on the parameters of the Sasaki-Einstein manifolds transcendentally. A discussion on BPS solutions is presented as well.
The Expression of the Hepatocyte SLAMF3 (CD229) Receptor Enhances the Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide. We recently characterized for the first time the expression of Signaling Lymphocyte Activating Molecule 3 (SLAMF3) in human hepatocytes and here, we report that SLAMF3 interacts with the HCV viral protein E2 and is implicated in HCV entry process. We found a strong correlation between SLAMF3 expression level and hepatocyte susceptibility to HCV infection. The use of specific siRNAs to down-modulate SLAMF3 expression and SLAMF3-blocking antibodies both decreased the hepatocytes susceptibility to HCV infection. Moreover, SLAMF3 over-expression significantly increased susceptibility to HCV infection. Interestingly, experiments with peptides derived from each SLAMF3 domain showed that the first N-terminal extracellular domain is essential for interaction with HCV particles. Finally, we showed that recombinant HCV envelop protein E2 can bind SLAMF3 and that anti-SLAMF3 antibodies inhibited specifically this interaction. Overall, our results revealed that SLAMF3 plays a role during HCV entry, likely by enhancing entry of viral particle within hepatocytes.
Microbial Phosphorus Solubilization and Its Potential for Use in Sustainable Agriculture

The use of excess conventional Phosphorus (P) fertilizers to improve agricultural productivity, in order to meet constantly increasing global food demand, potentially causes surface and ground water pollution, waterway eutrophication, soil fertility depletion, and accumulation of toxic elements such as high concentration of selenium (Se), arsenic (As) in the soil. Quite a number of soil microorganisms are capable of solubilizing/mineralizing insoluble soil phosphate to release soluble P and making it available to plants. These microorganisms improve the growth and yield of a wide variety of crops. Thus, inoculating seeds/crops/soil with Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) is a promising strategy to improve world food production without causing any environmental hazard. Despite their great significance in soil fertility improvement, phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms have yet to replace conventional chemical fertilizers in commercial agriculture. A better understanding of recent developments in PSM functional diversity, colonizing ability, mode of actions and judicious application should facilitate their use as reliable components of sustainable agricultural systems. In this review, we discussed various soil microorganisms that have the ability to solubilize phosphorus and hence have the potential to be used as bio fertilizers. The mechanisms of inorganic phosphate solubilization by PSM and the mechanisms of organic phosphorus mineralization are highlighted together with some factors that determine the success of this technology. Finally we provide some indications that the use of PSM will promote sustainable agriculture and conclude that this technology is ready for commercial exploitation in various regions worldwide.
Scientists' Needs in Modelling Software Ecosystems

Currently the landscape of software ecosystem modelling methods and languages is like Babel after the fall of the tower: there are many methods and languages available and interchanging data between researchers and organizations that actively govern their ecosystem, is practically impossible. The lack of a universally accepted set of modelling methods is hampering the advancement of software ecosystems research. Using a literature study and a set of interviews amongst peers, we aim to establish a set of understandings and requirements for a universally accepted set of software ecosystem modelling methods. The work is an initial push in a larger research initiative that has the goal of advancing the maturity of (software) ecosystems modelling. The success of such an initiative will be found in the availability of common databases, better interchange formats between researchers, and more capable software ecosystem modelling tools.
Analysis of Surface Materials by the Curiosity Mars Rover

The 6 August 2012 arrival of the Curiosity Rover on the surface of Mars delivered the most technically advanced geochemistry laboratory ever sent to the surface of another planet. Its 10 instruments (1)* were commissioned for operations and were tested on a diverse set of materials, including rocks, soils, and the atmosphere, during the first 100 martian days (sols) of the mission. The five articles presented in full in the online edition of Science (www.sciencemag.org/extra/curiosity), with abstracts in print (pp. 1476–1477), describe the mission’s initial results, in which Curiosity’s full laboratory capability was used.
Epoch Profiles: Microarchitecture-Based Application Analysis and Optimization

The performance of data-intensive applications, when running on modern multi- and many-core processors, is largely determined by their memory access behavior. Its most important contributors are the frequency and latency of off-chip accesses and the extent to which long-latency memory accesses can be overlapped with useful computation or with each other. In this paper we present two methods to better understand application and microarchitectural interactions. An epoch profile is an intuitive way to understand the relationships between three important characteristics: theon-chip cache size, the size of the reorder window of an out-of-order processor, and the frequency of processor stalls caused by long-latency,off-chip requests (epochs). By relating these three quantities one can more easily understand an application’s memory reference behavior and thus significantly reduce the design space. While epoch profiles help to provide insight into the behavior of a single application, developing an understanding of a number of applications in the presence of area and core count constraints presents additional challenges. Epoch-based microarchitectural analysis is presented as a better way to understand the trade-offs for memory-bound applications in the presence of these physical constraints. Through epoch profiling and optimization, one can significantly reduce the multidimensional design space for hardware/software optimization through the use of high-level model-driven techniques.
Virtual network stacks

In this paper, we get inspiration from peer to peer file sharing networks to provide a new way of inter-networking. In our proposal, nodes having access to multiple network types can share their networking resources with other peers residing in networks with different protocols and (potentially) different addressing schemes. Such neighbor nodes will form a peer to peer overlay backbone; the purpose of it being to offer to applications and protocols access to remote network stacks that their running hosts do not implement or have no direct access to. This creates RPC-like access to foreign network stacks well in line with a federation approach that avoids introducing a global overlay for integrating heterogeneous networks.
Motives, hurdles, and dropouts

The explosion of interest in and surveys on the Internet has focused primarily on the commercial potential and secondarily on the demographics of users [4, 5]. Often ignored are the perceptions of non-users—many of whom will eventually become users. Our purpose is to complement existing studies by looking at both users and non-users.
[Cloning and expression of Micrococcus luteus IAM 14879 Rpf and its role in the recovery of the VBNC state in Rhodococcus sp. DS471].

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to produce the Rpf (resuscitation promoting factor) protein by cloning and expressing the rpf gene, secreted by Micrococcus luteus IAM 14879, in Escherichia coli and to evaluate its role in the recovery of the VBNC (viable but non-culturable) state in high-GC Gram-positive bacteria. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from Micrococcus luteus IAM 14879 and the rpf gene was amplified by PCR using specific primers. The PCR products was purified, cloned into a pET15b expression vector, and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Then the pET15b plasmid expression vector was used to confirm the purification of the recombinant proteins via SDS-PAGE. The VBNC state cells from the high-GC Gram-positive bacteria, Rhodococcus sp. DS471, were used to confirm the promotion and recovery of growth capacity. Rhodococcus sp. DS471 were isolated from soil and closely related to Micrococcus luteus IAM 14879. RESULTS The gene sequences confirmed that the rpf gene from Micrococcus luteus IAM 14879 that was expressed in Escherichia coli, was 672 bp. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the recombinant Rpf protein was obtained successfully, and further studies showed it capable of promoting the recovery of the VBNC state by about 100-fold relative to the control. CONCLUSION Rpf of Micrococus luteus IAM 14879 can be successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and shows a strong ability to promote the recovery of the VBNC state of cells of Rhodococcus sp. DS471.
Alkali metal consumption by discharge lamps fabricated from GE-180 aluminosilicate glass

Alkali rf-discharge lamps provide the light for optical pumping in vapor-cell atomic clocks and magnetometers. Traditionally, the discharge lamp's envelope has been fabricated from alkali-resistant Corning 1720 aluminosilicate glass, and such lamps have demonstrated decade-long continuous operation. Specifically, the diffusion of alkali atoms into this glass during lamp operation has been shown to be sufficiently slow that lifetimes in excess of ten years can be obtained using only moderate initial alkali fill levels (<; 400 μg). However, Corning 1720 glass is no longer being manufactured. It is therefore important to identify alternative glass types that offer comparable alkali resistance, and that are readily available. Although Schott 8436 aluminosilicate glass has been shown to be a suitable substitute, it would be advantageous to identify an alternate glass type produced in higher volume. One alternative, which is manufactured in very high volume for use in automotive lamps, is GE-180 glass. Although this glass also offers high alkali resistivity due to its aluminosilicate composition, the rate of diffusion of alkali atoms into this material when employed as the glass envelope of an rf-discharge lamp has not been measured. We present here our initial results, obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), of the rate of Rb consumption by discharge lamps manufactured with GE-180 glass. Our results suggest that GE-180 is an excellent substitute for Corning 1720 glass in rf-discharge lamps. We also discuss some unusual issues that have been observed during our DSC measurements, and we outline some new methods for attaining accurate alkali lamp fills using the DSC technique.
Subtemporal approach to basilar tip aneurysm with division of posterior communicating artery: Technical note

The subtemporal approach with division of the posterior communicating artery (PcomA) is described for treating aneurysms of the basilar tip. When the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA) interferes with visibility and manipulation around the aneurysm neck and the artery is tethered by the PcomA and not mobilized, the PcomA can be divided near the junction with the PCA. The procedure permits PCA mobilization and exposes the neck of the aneurysm. We applied this procedure to a patient with a ruptured aneurysm of the basilar tip. The postoperative course was uneventful except for transient left oculomotor nerve palsy. Postoperative cerebral angiography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the respective disappearance of the aneurysm and no new ischemic lesions. The subtemporal approach allows safer and easier division of the PcomA near the junction to the PCA compared with the pterional approach, and the present procedure is more suitable for the subtemporal approach.
Can Scientific Impact Be Predicted?

A widely used measure of scientific impact is citations. However, due to their heavy-tailed distribution, citations are fundamentally difficult to predict. Instead, to characterize scientific impact, we address two analogous questions asked by many scientific researchers: “How will my h-index evolve over time, and which of my previously or newly published papers will contribute to it? ” To answer these questions, we perform two related tasks. First, we develop a model to predict authors' future h-indices based on their current scientific impact. Second, we examine the factors that drive papers-either previously or newly published-to increase their authors' predicted future h-indices. By leveraging relevant factors, we can predict an author's h-index in five years with an R2 value of 0.92 and whether a previously (newly) published paper will contribute to this future h-index with an F1 score of 0.99 (0.77). We find that topical authority and publication venue are crucial to these effective predictions, while topic popularity is surprisingly inconsequential. Further, we develop an online tool that allows users to generate informed h-index predictions. Our work demonstrates the predictability of scientific impact, and can help researchers to effectively leverage their scholarly position of “standing on the shoulders of giants”.
A comparative clinical study of Siravedha and Agnikarma in management of Gridhrasi (sciatica)

Background: Lifetime incidence of low back pain is 50-70% and incidence of clinically significant sciatica due to lumbar disc prolapse occurs in 4-6% of the population. Low back pain and sciatica is major cause of morbidity throughout the world. There is only conservative treatment giving short-term relief in pain or surgical intervention with side-effect. There is need to find out quick relief from pain in today′s era as it affects physical as well as mental and social life of patients. In Ayurveda, various modalities are given but Agnikarma and Siravedha are supposed to give instant relief from pain. Aims: To compare the efficacy of Agnikarma and Siravedha in the management of Griidhrasi. Materials and Methods: It′s an open randomized parallel group trial. A total of 30 patients, divided randomly in two groups, were treated by Agnikarma in 19 patients and Siravedha in 11 patients. Agnikarama was done at lumbosacral spine and Achilles tendon region by Panchadhatu Shalaka. Siravedha was done from four Angulas below Janu Sandhi (Knee joint). Placebo starch capsules were given to all patients. Paired t-test applied for efficacy within the group and Chi-square test to compare the efficacy of two groups. Results: Individually both groups had given relief in cardinal symptoms of Gridhrasi. 68.42% patients showed marked improvement and 21.05% had complete relief after Agnikarma. In Siravedha, 72.73% patients had moderate improvement whereas 27.27% patient had marked improvement. Conclusion: Agnikarma gives better effect than Siravedha in management of Gridhrasi.
Abductive Matchmaking using Description Logics

Recently, efficient approximation algorithms for finding Nash equilibria have been developed for the interesting class of anonymous games, where a player's utility does not depend on the identity of its opponents. In this paper, we tackle the problem of computing equilibria in such games with continuous player types, extending the framework to encompass settings with imperfect information. In particular, given the existence result for pure Bayes-Nash equilibiria in these games, we generalise the fictitious play algorithm by developing a novel procedure for finding a best response strategy, which is specifically designed to deal with continuous and, therefore, infinite type spaces. We then combine the best response computation with the general fictitious play structure to obtain an equilibrium. To illustrate the power of this approach, we apply our algorithm to the domain of simultaneous auctions with continuous private values and discrete bids, in which the algorithm shows quick convergence.
The Effect of Media on Charitable Giving and Volunteering: Evidence from the “Give Five” Campaign

Fundraising campaigns advertised via mass media are common. To what extent such campaigns affect charitable behavior is mostly unknown, however. Using giving and volunteering surveys conducted biannually from 1988 to 1996, I investigate the eieect of a national fundraising campaign, "Give Five", on charitable giving and volunteering patterns. The widely advertised "Give Five" campaign was aimed to encourage people to give five percent of their income and volunteer five hours a week. After controlling for selection into being informed about the "Give Five", I find that people who were informed about the campaign increased their weekly volunteering activity on average by almost half an hour, but their giving behavior was not significantly affected. I discuss the policy implications associated with this result and argue that although the "Give Five" campaign did not achieve its goal, its economic impact was considerable.
Oral Immunotherapy for Pollen Allergy Using T-Cell Epitope-Containing Egg White Derived from Genetically Manipulated Chickens

Peptide immunotherapy using T-cell epitopes is expected to be an effective treatment for allergic diseases such as Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica; Cj) pollinosis. To develop a treatment for pollen allergy by inducing oral tolerance, we generated genetically manipulated (GM) chickens by retroviral gene transduction, to produce a fusion protein of chicken egg white lysozyme and a peptide derived from seven dominant human T-cell epitopes of Japanese cedar pollen allergens (cLys-7crp). The transgene sequence was detected in all chickens transduced with the retroviral vector. Transduction efficiency in blood cells correlated to transgene expression. Western blot analysis revealed that cLys-7crp was expressed in the egg white of GM hens. Mice induced to develop allergic rhinitis by Cj pollinosis were fed with cLys-7crp-containing egg white produced by GM chickens. Total and Cj allergen (Cry j 1)-specific IgE levels were significantly decreased in allergic mice fed with cLys-7crp-containing egg white compared with allergic mice fed with normal egg white. These results suggest that oral administration of T-cell epitope-containing egg white derived from GM chickens is effective for the induction of immune tolerance as an allergy therapy.
Advanced b-vector system based deep neural network as classifier for speaker verification

Few studies on speaker verification have directly used a deep neural network (DNN) as a classifier. It is difficult to directly apply a DNN as a discriminative model to speaker-verification tasks because the training data for each speaker are very limited. Therefore, a b-vector has been proposed to solve the problem. However, the DNN with the b-vectors showed lower performance than the conventional i-vector probabilistic linear-discriminant analysis (PLDA) system. In this paper, we propose an improved version of the b-vector DNN system, which incorporates the background speakers' information into the DNN. In this study, each input feature is paired with a representative background speaker's feature vectors, and a b-vector is extracted from each pair; thus, feeding background information into the DNN. We confirmed that the performance improvements of the proposed system compensate for the shortcomings of conventional b-vectors in experiments carried out using the National Institute of Standards and Technology 2008 Speaker-Recognition Evaluation tests.