Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of bicycle-specific agility and reaction times in mountain bikers and road cyclists

Background Cycling is a popular recreational and competitive sport with many health benefits but also significant risks, with 85% of recreational cyclists reporting an injury each season. The most common mechanism of injury is through a loss of control of the bicycle, and collisions with other objects. Reaction time and agility in cyclists may contribute to the ability to control a bicycle. Objectives To evaluate bicycle-specific agility and reaction time in cyclists. Methods The study was a cross-sectional observational study. Thirty-five cyclists (27 males, eight females) participated in this study. Participants attended a single testing session where they completed a bicycle-specific agility test, and online simple and choice reaction time testing while cycling at three different exercise intensities. Results There was a significant difference in agility between males and females (p=0.01). There was also a significant difference in choice reaction time between cycling at ‘light’ and ‘very hard’ intensities (p=0.004), and a significant positive relationship between agility and simple reaction time at a ‘hard’ intensity. Discussion Choice reaction time improved at ‘very hard’ cycling intensity, supporting the theory that increased exercise intensity improves cognitive arousal. This reaction time may be essential as a means to avoid collisions and falls from bicycles. Bicycle-specific agility appears to be related to simple reaction time, but there are no existing validated bicycle-specific agility tests available. The value of the tests undertaken by the authors needs to be assessed further. Conclusion Choice reaction time was significantly decreased in high intensity cycling compared to cycling at low intensities. Further prospective studies are needed to establish links between reaction times and bicycle-specific agility.
Stock Market Efficiency in the Time of COVID-19: Evidence from Industry Stock Returns

Using industry portfolios as test assets and a battery of statistical tests, we study if the informational efficiency of stock prices has declined after the COVID-19 crisis began. The results suggest that the predictability of stock returns in some industries has increased during the COVID-19 period. Markets appear to have become less informationally efficient during the COVID-19 crisis. JEL Classification Code: C58, G01, G10, G14.
Personal Income Tax Compliance at the Regional Level: The Role of Persistence, Neighborhood, and Decentralization

This article quantifies personal income tax compliance by regions for the first time in Spain and identifies the factors explaining differences in tax compliance between regions, an aspect that has scarcely been analyzed in the literature. To this end, and in addition to the dynamic and spatial components considered by Alm and Yunus, this article considers the variables included in the classical tax evasion model of Allingham and Sandmo, as well as tax morale and political-institutional variables, including those linked to the country’s fiscal decentralization. The results obtained confirm, on one hand, those reached in the very extensive literature studying tax evasion from the individual perspective (including the importance of the dynamic element) and, on the other, the relevance of the spatial component in explaining tax compliance, so that greater or lesser tax compliance is partly explained by factors such as the tax behavior of neighbors or how those neighbors are treated by the public sector.
Standardized Nursing Care Plan for Patients with Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor and Radiometabolic Therapy with 177 Lutetium-Dotatate

Objective: The general objective is to describe the nursing care and possible complications of patients with neuroendocrine tumor treated with 177Lutetium-Dotatate at the Day Hospital of the Nuclear Medicine Service of the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Method: A description is made of the standardized procedure of nursing work in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor treated with 177Lutetiumc-Dotatate admitted to the Nuclear Medicine Service of the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Results: The specialized nurse of radiometabolic therapy performs the reception of the patient. She is responsible for the correct preparation of the patient and administration of 177Lutetium-Dotatate. Performs vital signs and the insertion of two peripheral catheters to administer premedication, amino acids and 177Lutetium-Dotatate. The nurse controls the possible complications: the risk of multiorgan toxicity, the risk of heteroirradiation, the risk of local reaction in the area of administration and the risk of anxious depressive syndrome. Conclusion: The standardization of nursing care ensures the quality of health care in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor who are treated with 177-Lutetium. The nurse individualizes the care through clinical judgment and performing interventions such as support for decision-making, counseling, information, strengthening of safety, reducing the number of unnecessary procedures, reducing variability in clinical practice and the accompaniment to the patient.
Resilience Among Unemployed and Underemployed Emerging Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of How Stress and Coping Relate to Depressive Symptoms

Unemployed and underemployed emerging adults (EAs) are at increased risk for depression. However, limited research has examined resilience and coping in this population. This study tested the resilience process by examining whether coping processes mediate the relationship between perceived stress and depression among unemployed and underemployed EAs. Data from 193 unemployed and underemployed EAs (ages 18–25) were collected through an online questionnaire. Path analysis tested the mediation model. Post hoc moderation analyses tested whether coping buffered the impact of stress on depression. The sample was diverse, consisting of Black (37%), White (37%), and other race/ethnicity (26%) participants. The proposed mediating model did not fit the data well. Of four interaction terms tested, one was significant (Perceived Stress × Coping Self-Efficacy [CSE]; p = .043). As CSE increased, the relationship between perceived stress and depression decreased. The interaction results suggest that CSE buffers the relationship between perceived stress and depression.
Linguistic Accommodation in Teenagers’ Social Media Writing: Convergence Patterns in Mixed-gender Conversations

ABSTRACT The present study analyzes the phenomenon of linguistic accommodation, i.e. the adaptation of one’s language use to that of one’s conversation partner. In a large corpus of private social media messages, we compare Flemish teenagers’ writing in two conversational settings: same-gender (including only boys or only girls) and mixed-gender conversations (including at least one girl and one boy). We examine whether boys adopt a more ‘female’ and girls a more ‘male’ writing style in mixed-gender talks, i.e. whether teenagers converge towards their conversation partner with respect to gendered writing. The analyses focus on two sets of prototypical markers of informal online writing, for which a clear gender divide has been attested in previous research: expressive typographic markers (e.g., emoticons), which can be considered more ‘female’ features, and ‘oral’, speech-like markers (e.g., regional language features), which are generally more popular among boys. Using generalized linear-mixed models, we examine the frequency of these features in boys’ and girls’ writing in same- versus mixed-gender conversations. Patterns of convergence emerge from the data: they reveal that girls and boys adopt a more similar style in mixed-gender talks. Strikingly, the convergence is asymmetrical and only significant for a particular group of online language features.
Effects of Hierarchical City Centers on the Intensity and Direction of Urban Land Expansion: A Case Study of Beijing

Worldwide urban spatial expansion has become a hot topic in recent decades. To develop effective urban growth containment strategies, it is important to understand the spatial patterns and driving forces of urban sprawl. By employing a spatial analysis method and land use survey data for the years 1996–2010, this study explores the effects of hierarchical administrative centers on the intensity and direction of urban land expansion in a Beijing municipality. The results are as follows: (1) land development intensity and expansion speeds are both affected significantly by the municipal and district and county centers where the governments hold a lot of administrative, public, and economic resources. (2) The distances to the administrative centers are determinant factors for the direction of urban land expansion. Except for several subregions adjacent to the municipal center, the closer the area is to an administrative center, the more likely it is that the expansion direction points toward the center. (3) The spatial patterns of urban land development are shaped jointly by governments at different levels, and transportation lines also play a role in remote areas. These findings are expected to have consulting value for future policymaking on urban land use and management in mega-cities, especially those with strong local government powers in other transition economies and developing countries.
Impacts of Rapid Urbanization on Ecosystem Services along Urban-Rural Gradients: A Case Study of the Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area, South China

ABSTRACT Based on land-use data collected every five years from 1990 to 2010, we quantified land-use dynamics and resultant effects on the ecosystem services along urban-rural gradients of the Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area, South China. The urban-rural gradients were set around the urban core cohesion zone with a 10-km-wide buffer zone and the value of each ecosystem service was calculated using a well-established benefit transfer method. The areas of construction land, water body and orchard expanded, while cropland, forestland and unused land contracted. The total value of ecosystem services decreased by US$ 200.33 million (or 4.3%) from 1990 to2010. Along the urbanrural gradients, the average value supplied by cropland, orchard and water body generally demonstrated a ‘first-rise-then-fall’ trend, while forestland and construction land presented an ever-increasing trend. For individual ecosystem services, raw material, gas regulation, climate regulation, soil formation and retention, biodiversity protection, recreation and culture increased steadily along the urban-rural gradients, while food production showed a fluctuating ‘first-rise-then-fall’ trend; water conservation and waste treatment increased fromthe core cohesion zone to the third concentric ring, and then had a sudden surge in the seventh concentric ring in both 2005 and 2010.
Spiking network optimized for noise robust word recognition approaches human-level performance and predicts auditory system hierarchy

The auditory neural code is resilient to acoustic variability and capable of recognizing sounds amongst competing sound sources, yet, the transformations enabling noise robust abilities are largely unknown. We report that a hierarchical spiking neural network (HSNN) trained to maximize word recognition accuracy in noise and multiple talkers approaches human-level performance. Intriguingly, comparisons with data from auditory nerve, midbrain, thalamus and cortex reveals that the organization and nonlinear transformations of the optimal network predict several properties of the ascending auditory pathway including a sequential loss of temporal resolution, increasing sparseness and selectivity. The optimal organizational scheme is critical for noise robustness since an identical network arranged to enable high information transfer does not predict auditory pathway organization and has substantially poorer performance. Furthermore, conventional linear and nonlinear receptive field-based models fail to achieve similar noise robust performance. The findings suggest that the auditory pathway hierarchy and its sequential nonlinear feature extraction computations may form a near optimal code capable of efficiently detecting sounds in noise impoverished conditions. Significance Statement The brain’s ability to recognize sounds in the presence of competing sounds or background noise is essential for everyday hearing tasks. How the brain accomplishes noise resiliency, however, is poorly understood. Using neural recording from the ascending auditory pathway and an auditory spiking network model trained for optimal sound recognition in noise we explore the computational strategies that enable noise robustness. Our results suggest that the hierarchical organization of the auditory pathway and the resulting nonlinear transformations may form a near optimal strategy that is essential for sound recognition in the presence of noise.
Accelerating forest tree breeding by integrating genomic selection and greenhouse phenotyping

Breeding forest species can be a costly and slow process because of the extensive areas needed for field trials and the long periods (e.g., five years) that are required to measure economically and environmentally relevant phenotypes (e.g., adult plant biomass or plant height). Genomic selection (GS) and indirect selection using early phenotypes (e.g., phenotypes collected in greenhouse conditions) are two ways by which tree breeding can be accelerated. These approaches can both reduce the costs of field‐testing and the time required to make selection decisions. Moreover, these approaches can be highly synergistic. Therefore, in this study, we used a data set comprising DNA genotypes and longitudinal measurements of growth collected from a population of Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall (eastern cottonwood) in the greenhouse and the field, to evaluate the potential impact of integrating large‐scale greenhouse phenotyping with conventional GS. We found that the integration of greenhouse phenotyping and GS can deliver very early selection decisions that are moderately accurate. Therefore, we conclude that the adoption of these approaches, in conjunction with reproductive techniques that shorten the generation interval, can lead to an unprecedented acceleration of selection gains in P. deltoides and, potentially, other commercially planted tree species.
The Effects of Lifestyle Modifications Including Dietary and Physical Interventions with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Quality of Life and Cancer-Recurrence Rate among Patients with Breast Cancer and Survivors: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial

Context: Lifestyle modifications consist of three components including diet, exercise, and cognitive-behavioral therapy which can reduce side effects of breast cancer. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a complementary strategy that promotes new skills for any treatment. Published trials have investigated the co-efficacies of the two or three components of lifestyle modifications, especially dietary and cognitive-behavioral interventions in breast cancer survivors. Evidence Acquisition: This protocol is about a meta-analysis which will systematically report the simultaneous effects of dietary intervention or physical activity with cognitive-behavioral therapy, or three of them on quality of life, the recurrence levels and anthropometric measurements among patients with breast cancer and survivors. It was prepared in accordance with the PRISMA-P checklist and will be performed in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic reviews of intervention. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, PubMed, EMBASE and ISI web of science will be searched for peer-reviewed literature using defined MeSH terms. Included randomized controlled trials on the combination effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy with either dietary or physical interventions will be assessed. Continuous data will be meta-analyzed using the STATA and will be gathered using random-effects models. The effect size will be reported as standardized mean difference with 95%CIs. Heterogeneity assessment, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis will be performed. The heterogeneity between some trials may be a limitation of this study. Conclusions: This meta-analysis will provide beneficial guidance for healthcare providers and family members to improve the current understanding of the role of lifestyle modification on alleviating the important problems of patients with breast cancer.
THE EVALUATION OF BURNOUT AND COMMUNICATİON SKILLS IN PRIMARY CARE STAFF

Objective: Burnout syndrome is an important problem among health professionals. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between the burnout status and communication skills in primary care staff. Methods: The study was conducted in the cross-sectional type between April and June 2019. The population of the study comprised of physicians and family health professionals working in primary care unit. The participants were administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory, certain questions concerning sociodemographic characteristics, and the communication skills evaluation scale. Results: In total, 383 individuals working in the primary care unit participated in the study. The mean age was 43 ± 8,1 and among them, 64.8% were women. The scores of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of physicians were significantly higher compared to nurses. While the depersonalization score of women was significantly lower than men, the sense of personal accomplishment score was higher than men. As the number of daily clinic visits of the physicians increased, the rate of their emotional exhaustion and depersonalization increased. While the communication skills decreased as the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization increased, the communication skills level increased as the sense of personal accomplishment increased. Women, nurses, the widowed/the divorced women, and age group were determined to have better communication skills. Conclusion: A significant relation was determined between burnout subscales and increased number of daily average clinic visits of physicians, gender and occupational groups. There was a significant relationship between communication skill levels and burnout subscales concerning occupational groups, gender, marital status and age groups.
Establishment of in vitro protocol and impact of mycorrhization with phosphobacteria on micro propagated Pogostemon mollis Benth. (Lamiaceae)

ABSTRACT Plants and microbes compete for survival and their organized interactions play a vital role in adapting to stress environments. Microbes have a positive impact on transplanting performance of in vitro propagated plantlets. The present study aims at survival development of micropropagated Pogostemon mollis through microbial inoculation. The leaf and stem explants on MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of BAP, Kn, NAA, IAA and IBA used for the establishment of plantlet. The survival rate of plantlets was successfully increased from 71% to about 70.21% by the inoculation of Rhizophagus fasciculatus and Bacillus megaterium. This inoculation also clearly increases the growth, biomass and chlorophyll of in vitro derived platelets. The present protocol emphasizes the need of bio-hardening on micropropagated plants, particularly the mycorrhization along with phosphobacteria.
Population Dynamics of Insect Pests and its Natural Enemieson Grain Amaranthin Relation with Weather Parameters

One of the greatest limiting factors in increasing the productivity of leaf amaranth is the damage caused by wide range of insect pests in general, whereas defoliators can cause economic loss (Akinolosotu, 1977). Aderolu et al., (2013) reported 60 insect species associated with amaranthus crop. Hymenia recurvalis caused 8.8 per cent infestation, however, H.recurvalis and Psarabasalis were also common. Agarwal (1985) reported Hypolixus sp. , is a major pest in cultivated amaranth. Leaf miner, Liriomyza sp. (Sorensen, 1995), aphid, Myzus persicae are major pest of amaranthus causing leaves to curl and become unattractive for marketing (Picker et al., 2004; Okunlola et al., 2008). Richard (1989) reported that the leaf worms or cutworms Spodoptera sp. , attack young seedlings.
Parametric and non-parametric indexes applied in the selection of sour passion fruit progenies

Several traits must be observed in the selection of sour passion fruit progenies. For such, selection indices could be used for gradually increasing the frequency of favorable genotypes for the set of the traits of interest. This study aimed to compare parametric and non-parametric selection indices to be used in the selection of passion fruit progenies and identify the best economic weights. Thus, 118 full-sib families and three controls were assessed for days regarding flowering, productivity in kg ha-1 year, fruit mass in g, number of fruits, average length of fruits in mm, average fruit diameter in mm, fruit shape, average shell thickness in mm, pulp yield, pulp color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and SS/ATT ratio. The non-parametric selection indexes used to obtain genetic gains were Mulamba and Mock, genotype-ideotype distance, multiplicative and Elston. Smith and Hazel, Williams and Pesek and Baker parametric indexes were used, with different economic weights attributed. The Mulamba and Mock, genotype-ideotype distance nonparametric selection indexes and the Williams parametric index showed satisfactory and balanced gains. The genetic variation coefficient, genetic standard deviation and random weight economic weights provided higher gains for non-parametric selection indexes. Similar gains were obtained for parametric indexes, regardless of assigned weight, except for Pesek and Baker, whose genetic standard deviation provided the highest gain.
Unmasking hidden species diversity within the Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri complex, with an integrative redescription of the nominal species for the family Ramazzottiidae (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Parachela)

Outdated and inaccurate original descriptions of species nominal for genera or species complexes give birth to notorious difficulties in species identification and often translate into erroneous classifications of multiple species as one. This, in turn, results in severe overestimations of specific geographic ranges and ultimately in underestimations of the diversity of organisms living on our planet. Tardigrades, ubiquitous microscopic metazoans exhibiting relatively few taxonomically useful traits, bear many such problematic species. In this paper, we investigated, morphologically and molecularly, 10 European populations of Ramazzottius cf. oberhaeuseri (Doyère, 1840), a putatively cosmopolitan nominal species for the family Ramazzottiidae. The analysis of COI sequences revealed eight potential species, including one from Paris, the type locality of R. oberhaeuseri, which we used to integratively redescribe the nominal taxon. The identification of seven further species in a handful of samples collected from a single continent explicitly shows the considerable undescribed species diversity within this group and puts in question the cosmopolitan distribution of R. oberhaeuseri. The integrative redescription of R. oberhaeuseri opens the opportunity for descriptions of other species in the complex. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:50B99B53-C317-4DBD-8CF1-16297B85C4F3