Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shadow Economy, Corruption and Economic Growth: An Analysis of BRICS Countries

The paper examines the impact of shadow economy and corruption, along with public expenditure, trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI), inflation, and tax revenue on the economic growth of the BRICS countries. Data were collected from the World Bank, Transparency International, and Heritage Foundation over the 1991–2017 period. The Bayesian linear regression method is used to examine whether shadow economy, corruption and other indicators affect the economic growth of countries studied. This paper applies the normal prior suggested by Lemoine (2019) while the posterior distribution is simulated using Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) technique through the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The results indicate that public expenditure and trade openness can enhance the BRICS countries’ economic growth, with the positive impact probability of 75.69% and 67.11%, respectively. Also, FDI, inflation, and tax revenue positively affect this growth, though the probability of positive effect is ambiguous, ranging from 51.13% to 56.36%. Further, the research’s major finding is that shadow economy and control of corruption have a positive effect on the economic growth of the BRICS countries. Nevertheless, the posterior probabilities of these two factors are 62.23% and 65.25%, respectively. This result suggests that their positive effect probability is not high.
Equalizer State Caching for Fast Data Recovery in Optically-Switched Data Center Networks

Optical switching offers the potential to significantly scale the capacity of data center networks (DCN) with a simultaneous reduction in switching time and power consumption. Previous research has shown that end-to-end switching time, which is the sum of the switch configuration time and the clock and data recovery (CDR) locking time, should be kept within a few nanoseconds for high network throughput. This challenge of low switching time has motivated research into fast optical switches, ultra-fast clock and amplitude recovery techniques. Concurrently, the data rate between server-to-server and server-to-switch interconnect is increasing drastically from the current 100 Gb/s (4 × 25 Gb/s) to 400 Gb/s and beyond, motivating the use of high order formats such as 50-GBaud four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) for signalling. Since PAM-4 is more sensitive to noise and distortion, digital equalizers are generally needed to compensate for impairments such as transceiver frequency roll-off, dispersion and optical filtering, adding additional time for equalizer adaptation and power consumption that are undesired for fast optical switching systems. Here we propose and investigate an equalizer state caching technique that reduces equalizer adaptation time and computation power consumption for fast optical switching systems, underpinning optically-switched DCNs using high baud rate and impairment-sensitive formats. Through a proof-of-concept experiment, we study the performance of the proposed equalizer state caching scheme in a three-node optical switching system using 56 GBaud PAM-4. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme can tolerate up to ±0.8-nm (±100-GHz) instantaneous wavelength change with an adaptation delay of only 0.36 ns. Practical considerations such as clock phase misalignment, temperature-induced wavelength drift, and equalizer precision are also studied.
Factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women attending government health facilities in the Bamenda Health District, Cameroon

Introduction birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) intervention should greatly have an impact on the reduction of maternal mortality if implemented properly at all levels. Responsibility for BPCR must be shared among all safe motherhood stakeholders-because a coordinated effort is needed to reduce the delays that contribute to maternal and newborn deaths. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women attending government health facilities in the Bamenda Health District. Methods this was a cross-sectional analytic study. The study period was 30th October - 30th November, 2016. A total of 345 pregnant women of ≥ 32 weeks gestational age seen at the antenatal consultation (ANC) units were recruited. The dependent variable was birth preparedness and complication readiness while the independent variables were the socio-demographic and reproductive health characteristics. Frequency distributions were used to determine the awareness and practice and logistic regression at 95% confidence interval (CI) and p<0.05 to identify the factors that favour birth preparedness and complication readiness. Results the most likely factors that favour birth preparedness and complication readiness were monthly income (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.94, (1.39, 6.25), p = 0.005) and the number of antenatal care visits (OR = 2.16, (1.18, 3.90), p = 0.013). Conclusion majority of the women in this study were not prepared for birth/complications. The factors most associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness were monthly income and number of antenatal care visits.
Evaluation of Incidence, Distribution and Etiopathology of Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Patna Population

Introduction: The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that eliminate toxins and other waste products from the body. The chief function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph all through the body. Lymphadenopathy may be described as an enlargement of the lymph node due to swelling of the histiocytes in the sinus, hyperplasia of lymph follicles or invasion of tumour cells. Cervical lymphadenopathy refers to cervical lymph nodes measuring more than 1 cm in diameter. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of cervical lymphadenopathy and to describe the distribution of the various etiologies of cervical lymphadenopathy in all age groups. Methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients more than 12 years of age presenting to the O.P.D with neck swelling for more than 3 weeks. All the cases were confirmed histopathologically with FNAC of the involved node. Results: A total of 100 subjects presenting with a complaint of neck swelling for more than 3 weeks were included in the study. All the subjects were between the age group of 14 years to 55 years. The present study comprised 65 males and 35 females. 20 out of 100 were diagnosed with neoplastic nodes, whereas 80 were diagnosed with non-neoplastic nodes. In the non-neoplastic variety, the majority of the patient’s had tuberculous lymphadenopathy, In the neoplastic variety, 06 had Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 04 had Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 10 patients present with lymphadenitis associated with secondaries. Conclusion: Cervical lymphadenopathy may pose a special challenge to the attending physicians. Sole dependence on clinical presentation may lead to a flawed diagnosis. FNAC is a simple, secure, dependable and non-invasive procedure for the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. The present study may act as the foundation of awareness regarding the distribution of lymphadenitis, their mode of presentation and predilection for different strata.
Managing Peer-to-Peer Cooperation Using Knowledge-Based Trust and Encouraging the Willingness to Share Tacit Knowledge

Despite leaders’ investment in knowledge management practices, 76% of U.S. employees are hesitant to share tacit knowledge with co-workers. Researchers have suggested that willingness to share hinders the tacit knowledge transfer process. Employees become unwilling to share tacit knowledge with others due to cooperation and competition. The aim of this research is to understand the role of peer-to-peer cooperation on willingness to share tacit knowledge (WSTK). A total of 250 U.S. employees were sampled to measure knowledge-based trust (KBT) on WSTK. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to investigate KBT and WSTK. Results indicated that KBT significantly predicted WSTK. Employee age and same-gender interactions did not influence the KBT-WSTK relationship. It was concluded that leaders and managers who promote KBT relationships are likely to encourage WSTK and create advantages over competitors.
Dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring – evaluation of disease severity and tissue transglutaminase levels in 122 patients on dapsone therapy

ABSTRACT The aim of our study was to characterize the group of patients suffering from dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring (DH) and to make the statistical analysis of monitored parameters. We retrospectively analysed the data of 122 patients with DH (age, gender, the severity of DH, tissue transglutaminase antibodies IgA (IgA-TGA) level and dapsone dose). The mild form of DH was recorded in 69 patients (56.6%), the moderate form in 48 patients (39.3%) and the severe form in 5 patients (4.1%); 118 patients (96.7%) are on dapsone therapy, 3.2% of patients are only on gluten-free diet. The median of average IgA-TGA in the mild form is 6.25 U/ml, in the moderate form 14.45 U/ml and in the severe form 10.33 U/ml. Although the significant relation of the IgA-TGA to the disease severity was not confirmed, there is some trend in the increase of the IgA-TGA level from mild to moderate and severe form of DH.
Cooking characteristic and sensory evaluation of cauliflower leaves incorporated homemade noodles

OBJECTIVES:The present study was carried out with the objective of examining the cooking and sensory attributes of cauliflower leaves (Brassica oleraceavar. botrytis) incorporated homemade noodles. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Noodles in ratio 60:40 (WF:PMF) served as control and the cauliflower leaves puree (CLP) was incorporated to the control noodles in five different proportion such as 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. The various blends were processed and shadow dried to prepare noodles. Both dry and cooked noodles were subjected to sensory evaluation by trained panel members and the cooking characteristics were estimated. RESULTS:The water absorption of the noodles increases with increase in the level of CLP, cooking loss reduced with the level of CLP incorporation and was statistically significant at P < 0.05 level. Sensory attributes between control and CLP-enriched dry noodles, only flavor and taste was statistically significant at P < 0.05 level. CONCLUSION:Owing the nutritive value of pearl millet, wheat, and cauliflower leaves, the noodles can replace the commercial noodles in household with minimum cost and can be popularized among foodies especially children and teenagers.
Histopathology of Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae) exposed to metal oxide nanoparticles

As the production of metal-based nanomaterials increases, it is inevitable that nano-scale products and byproducts will enter the aquatic environment. In terms of global production, the most abundant nano-oxides are TiO2, CeO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Chironomus riparius is commonly used for ecotoxicological assessment and defining its histopathological biomarkers that showcase the toxic effect of tested nanoparticles should lead to a better understanding of the consequences of nanomaterial accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, a histological description of the digestive and excretory systems as well as the fat body structure of C. riparius larvae is provided. In addition, potential histological biomarkers of nano-oxide toxicity were determined based on the obtained histopathological alterations in organs. Vacuolization was observed in epithelial cells of midgut region I that were treated with nano-Fe3O4 as well as in Malpighian tubules treated with nano-Fe3O4 and nano-CeO2. Larvae exposed to nano-TiO2 showed alterations in the fat body and midgut region II tissue architecture. Additionally, shortening of the intestinal brush border was determined in groups exposed to nano-Fe3O4. These results reveal the high sensitivity of these organs, which can be used as biomarkers in histopathological assessment and therefore lead to further improvement of existing methodology in ecotoxicological studies.
Replacing 100% of phenol in phenolic adhesive formulations with lignin

Lignin, produced as a byproduct of pulp and paper and bioethanol industries, is a polyphenolic compound that has excellent potential to be used as phenol replacement in phenolic adhesive formulation. In this study, the phenol portion of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin has been replaced by an agricultural-based lignin, which was produced as a byproduct of a cellulosic bioethanol process through dilute-acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis from corn stover. The PF resol resin was formulated using isolated lignin under alkaline condition. Chemical, physical, and thermal properties of the isolated lignin, PF resin and adhesive were measured using advanced analytical techniques such as: Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The developed 100% lignin-based adhesive and a commercially formulated phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF, as reference) were used to prepare single-lap-joint samples for mechanical testing. The plywood samples were pressed under exactly the same conditions (time, temperature, and pressure) as what recommended for the commercial PRF formulation. According to two-way ANOVA results, statistically there was no significant difference between the shear strengths of plywood samples made with 100% lignin-based adhesive and those made with the commercial PRF resin. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45124.
Inverse Problem Analysis in Magnetic Nanoparticle Tomography Using Minimum Variance Spatial Filter

In magnetic nanoparticle tomography (MNT), the reduction of artifacts and the calculation time can be used to estimate the position of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). A non-negative least-squares (NNLS) inverse problem analysis has been used in MNT systems for this task. However, due to the presence of measurement noise and the high sensitivity of the NNLS method, it often estimates certain MNPs inaccurately, i.e., it generates artifacts. In addition, its calculation time is very high. In this study, we applied the minimum variance spatial filter (MV-SF) inverse problem analysis to MNT and estimated the position of an MNP sample containing $100~\mu \text{g}$ of Fe. Using the MV-SF method, MNP samples placed at a depth of 25–40 mm were observed to have no artifacts. Moreover, the MV-SF method was also observed to be faster than the NNLS method by a factor of approximately 20. These results verify the feasibility of the MV-SF method for estimating the MNP positions in an MNT system.
Maternal and perinatal outcome in women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy

Aims and objectives To determine the effect of hypertension in pregnancy To determine the maternal and fetal outcome in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study conducted in ESIC MC and PGIMSR, Bangalore from January 2020 to December 2020. All pregnant women who presented with Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy were included in the study. Results A total of 1503 patients who delivered during the study period were included in the study of which 172 patients had hypertensive disorder (11.44 %). Gestational hypertension occurred in 113 cases, preeclampsia in 45 cases, chronic hypertension in 8 cases, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia in 2 cases and eclampsia in 4 cases. Of these 85(49.41%) cases were primigravida and 87(50.58%) were multigravida. 38 deliveries occurred preterm and 134 were term. 4 patients had intrauterine fetal demise. Gestational diabetes occurred in 30(17.44%) cases, hypothyroidism in 45 cases(26.16%), IUGR in 11 cases(6.39%), oligohydramnios in 10 cases(5.81%). Discussion Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is a spectrum of disease. It is one of the non communicable diseases occurring in pregnancy. It is the third most common cause of maternal mortality. By timely detection and proper management, it is possible to decrease the complications and adverse outcomes associated with this condition. Conclusion Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is an important cause for maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Hence it is important to identify the risk factors and prevent it for better outcome.
Implementation of Government Policies Regarding the Full Day School Program in the New Normal

Changes in government policies in the education sector are to prevent the spread of Covid-19. This study aims to explore the results of changes in the learning process of a full-day school. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study. Data collected by observation, interview, questionnaire filling, and documentation. Data analysis using interactive qualitative by Miles and Huberman. The results in this study describe the school preparation in implementing changes in government policy about the learning process in a fullday school program during the New Normal. The learning can be well implemented with some development of the school itself following the New Normal Era health protocol in achieving educational goals. The learning in school can be carried out if there are careful preparation and discipline in applying it so the learning can be safely for school residents. The implementation of several changes to health regulations and protocols encourages the emergence of social distancing behavior and minimizes the possibility of a crowd in the school community.
Determination of risk and knowledge levels of individuals with diabetes in terms of health beliefs and cardiovascular diseases

Purpose: Purpose of this study has determine the awareness, predisposition, and health belief level of individuals with diabetes towards CVD. Method: Design of the study was a cross‐sectional descriptive. This study adhered to the STROBE guideline for cross‐sectional studies.160 diabetic individuals who were diagnosed with diabetes who were treated in the Endocrinology Service between March and July 2019. Data were collected by Demographic and Medical Information, Health Belief Model Score (HBM), The Framingham risk score (FRS) and Cardiovascular Disease Risk factors information level scale (CARRIE-IL). Result: The HBS total score average (3.55 ± 0.28) of the individuals involved in the study was found to be negative. The lowest score was determined as perceived obstacles, perceived seriousness, perceived sensitivity, perceived benefits, and health-related activities. The participants' knowledge level of cardiovascular disease risk factors was above average (16.13 ± 2.88) and their risk of having a cardiovascular disease within ten years was 18.13 ± 8.96 (intermediate level). In the study, men with diabetes aged 65 and over, single, elementary school, first-degree obese, less than two per week, physical activity level, and health beliefs of individuals with diabetes for more than 6 years low level of knowledge of CVD and CVD within ten years were determined to be likely to be able to spend any. Conclusion: Diabetes is a chronic disease, but if it is not well managed, it prepares the ground for the development of cardiovascular diseases. It can prevent cardiovascular complications when nurses identify individuals who need support in the management of diabetes and make plans to improve their specific health protection.
Advancing Consumer Behavior: The Role of Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Knowledge Sharing

The increasing use of digital technologies has significantly reshaped marketing and consumer behavior (CB) as online communities and cutting-edge innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) disrupt and advance consumer attitudes on specific products and services. As such, online communities that are supported by AI technologies creating new knowledge from consumer interactions through platforms like social media as consumers share experiences on specific products or services. Since AI is designed to “learn” and improve with data generated from digital technologies linked to consumer interactions, AI relies on consumer knowledge-sharing (KS) activities to replicate new knowledge for product and service improvement. However, given the knowledge gap in this area, this article applies the fsQCA technique to data generated from 291 participants to develop CB metaframework predicted on the concepts of AI, CB, and KS. Our results suggest that AI advances consumer attitudes and behaviors when knowledge is acquired while online communities promote curiosity and engage consumers to learn by sharing experiences about specific products or services. Furthermore, understanding the causality between AI, CB, and KS concepts offers critical decision-making insights to marketing experts across the industry.
DETERMINATION OF THE REACTION RATE CONTROLLING RESISTANCE OF GOETHITE IRON ORE REDUCTION USING CO/CO2 GASES FROM WOOD CHARCOAL

The quest for suitable reductants for the extraction of iron from ores at minimal energy requirements and maximum degree of metallization is attracting growing researchers’ attention. In the present work, an attempt is made to use non-contact charcoal in the reduction of run-off mine goethite ore at heating temperatures above 570oC. The reduction mechanism adopted is in accordance with Levenspiel’s relations for the shrinking core model. The first stage is concerned with the diffusion of gaseous reactant through the film surrounding the particle to the surface of the solid where Goethite hematite is reduced by CO from wood charcoal to magnetite (3Fe2O3 + CO → 2Fe2O3 + CO2). The second stage involves the penetration of a gaseous reactant through the blanket of ash to the surface of the unreacted core where magnetite is reduced to wustite (Fe3O4 + CO → 3FeO + CO2). The final stage is the reaction of the gaseous reactant with solid at the reaction surface, which is described by the stoichiometry equation where the product consists of fluid and solid (FeO + CO → Fe + CO2). This non-contact charcoal reduction approach is adopted to maximize the benefit of using CO/CO2 gases from charcoal for reduction without the need for beneficiation and concentration. The rate-controlling steps for the reduction kinetics of average particle size 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm at 570, 700, 800, 900, and 1000oC are studied after heat treatment of the ore-wood charcoal in activated carbon reactor at total reduction time of 40 minutes based on literature. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis are done to investigate the spectrometric phase change and metallic components of the ore sample after reduction, respectively. The average percentage metallic iron content of 56.6, 60.8, and 61.7% and degree of metallization of 91.62, 75.96, and 93.6% are achieved from the SEM/EDX analysis of the reduced ore sample at reduction temperature of 570, 800 and 1000oC, respectively. The sharp drop in the degree of metallization of the reduced ore samples is observed at intermediate temperatures 700, 800, 900oC of the reduction. This indicates the tendency of high carbon deposit at the wustite stage of the reduction process at the least temperature and residence time of 5700C and 10 minutes, respectively. This study demonstrates that diffusion through the ash layer is the controlling resistance of the overall reduction process.