Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rough fescue response to season and intensity of defoliation.

Rough fescue (Festuca scabrella Torr.) was subjected to 10 clipping regimes which varied in time or intensity of defoliation. The experiment was repeated at 2 sites for 3 consecutive years. Plant survival and vigor were evaluated the summer following defoliation. Clipping treatments involving weekly defoliation to a 5-cm stubble height from mid May to late June resulted in the greatest injury. Reduced injury occurred when clipping ceased in May or when 10 or 15 cm of herbage was retained. Season long defoliation to 20 cm or clipping only in the fall caused no apparent damage. Cutting in the fall plus spring resulted in greater injury than spring clipping alone on plants clipped from mid May to late June but a fall clipping effect was not observed consistently on plants clipped in May plus fall. Despite common observances of rapid decline of rough fescue (Festuca scabrella Torr.)' on overgrazed ranges, little work has examined defoliation response of this productive grass. Root and top growth yields were reduced by repeated monthly clipping to stubble heights of 4(1l/2), 7.5(3), or 12.5(5) cm (inches) in a greenhouse study (Johnston 1961). Magnitude of root yield reduction from the 12.5-cm treatment (comparable to 20% utilization) was much greater than reduction in herbage yield. Tiller production was depressed with the 2 most severe treatments but apparently was unaffected by the 12.5-cm stubble height treatment. The author advised caution in interpretation of clipping trials since 20% utilization on an Alberta fescue grassland indicated no depression of root or herbage yields. A long-term study (Johnston et al. 1971) showed that even light season-long grazing (0.8 ha/AUM) reduced rough fescue basal area after 16 years and the species was largely eliminated under very heavy grazing (0.2 ha/ AUM). Long-term consequences of a grazing trial could not be determined after 6 years on a central Albertan rough fescuewestern porcupine grass (Stipa spartea Trin.) rangeland (Bailey et al. 1980) but heavy (75%) utilization in either June or fall depressed grass production. Light (35%) utilization results were similar to the controls. Fescue yields the year following mowing in another Alberta study (Sinton and Bailey 1980) were greater than the control for the April 8 treatment; but cutting late in spring (April 27, June 1) or in fall (July 31, Oct. 18) resulted in production losses. Tiller density increased and leaf length decreased for all mowing treatments but the effects were most pronounced for the fall cuttings. Of the spring mowing treatments, leaf lengths were shortest and tiller stimulation was slightest for the June 1 mowing. In a previous paper, Stout et al. (1981) examined vegetative and reproductive growth of rough fescue. In the present study, response of rough fescue to a number of clipping regimes incorporating different times, frequencies and intensities of defoliation is compared.
First Serological Study Revealing High Humoral Response and Evidence for Antigenic Heterogeneity in Leishmania donovani Induced CL in Sri Lanka

Posing a threat to the ongoing leishmaniasis elimination efforts in the Indian subcontinent, L. donovani-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been recently reported in many countries. Sri Lanka reports a large focus of human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania donovani, a usually visceralizing parasite. Enhanced case detection, early treatment, and in-depth understanding of sequalae are required to contain the spread of disease. Visceralizing potential of dermotropic strains has not been fully ruled out. Sri Lankan strains have shown a poor response to established serological assays. The present concern was to develop an in-house serological assay and to determine the seroprevalence of CL for identifying visceralizing potential and its usefulness in enhancing case detection. Crude cell lysate of dermotropic L. donovani promastigotes-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was previously optimized. Assay was evaluated using sera from 200 CL patients, 50 endemic and 50 nonendemic healthy controls, 50 patients with other skin diseases, and 50 patients with other systemic diseases. Seroprevalence and clinicoepidemiological associations were analyzed. Assay was compared with light microscopy (LM) and in vitro culturing (IVC). Cost comparison was carried out. Seroprevalence of CL was 82.0%. The assay had 99.5% specificity, and all healthy controls were negative at 0.189 cut-off. Positive and negative predictive values were 99.4% and 84.7%, respectively. Positivity obtained in ELISA was comparable to LM and higher than that of IVC. Cost per patient was 3.0 USD for both ELISA and LM and 6.0 USD for IVC. Infections occurring in all age groups and both genders demonstrated >75.0% of seropositivity. Patients had lesions with different durations/types/sizes showed >70.0% of seropositivity. Study identified a high seroprevalence of L. donovani-induced CL for the first time, indicating potential for visceralization or transient serological response. This can be used as a second line test in LM-negative CL cases to enhance clinical case detection. Further studies are warranted to examine in-depth correlations, antigen profiles, comparison with other established serological tools, and usefulness in the detection of asymptomatic cases. (National patent LK/P/1/19697).
Seasonal changes in plant pollen concentrations over recent years in Vinnytsya, Central Ukraine

The control of plant pollen season patterns is especially important in the expectation of climate change, as the timing of potential varying pollen seasons affects the human population. An ever-increasing number of people suffer from hay fever symptoms with varying severity during the pollen season. This paper presents data on the seasonal variations of pollen concentration and the factors which are the likely causes of these variations in Vinnytsya, a city in Central Ukraine, in order to establish the apparent pattern of this variation and so improve the efficiency of hay fever control in Ukraine. Pollen counts were obtained by gravimetric and volumetric methods employing a Hirst-type volumetric spore trap. Alder ( Alnus ) and birch ( Betula ) peaks of pollen release occurred approximately 1 month earlier than was observed at the end of the twentieth century. This was due to the seasonal heat accumulation related to the appropriate temperature regimen registered in January and February prior to the growing season. Other trees – including poplar ( Populus ), maple ( Acer ), walnut ( Juglans ), common hazel ( Corylus ) – did not show distinct changes in pollen season pattern over the past decades. Mean daily temperature seems to be the leading factor promoting early season onset and a seasonal pollen peak shift of the grass and herb flora such as ragweed ( Ambrosia ). The shift of the ragweed seasonal pollen maximum towards later in the season correlated with higher temperatures during September. Our study has shown that droughts may also significantly decrease the ragweed pollen concentration.
The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Quality of Work Life and Turnover: The Moderating Role of Gender

Derya KARA a Nihan POTAS b Fırat SEYHAN c a Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ankara, Turkey. derya.sivuk@hbv.edu. tr b Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ankara, Turkey. nihan.potas@hbv.edu. tr c University of Health Sciences, Department of Management and Organization, Health Institutions Management, Istanbul, Turkey. firat.seyhan@sbu.edu. tr
Ash Characteristics and Selected Critical Elements (Ga, Sc, V) in Coal and Ash in Polish Deposits

The chemical composition of coal ash and the content of the critical elements Ga, Sc, and V in coal and ash are examined herein. In this study, lignite and bituminous coal from Polish deposits were used. The coals were subjected to ultimate and proximate analysis; the petrographic composition was determined based on maceral groups. The chemical composition of ash and the content of critical elements were determined using ICP-MS. The obtained results were correlated and Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient was determined. Based on the correlation analysis, the relationship between the chemical composition of ash and the proximate and ultimate analyses was demonstrated. The content of selected critical elements in the tested deposits was lower than the Clarke value in coal. However, in some deposits these contents are much higher in coal ashes. The higher levels of Ga, V, and Sc in the ash are associated with Al2O3. Therefore, it can be stated that ashes can be a potential source of some raw materials. The highest concentrations of critical elements in coal and ash were recorded in the Lublin Coal Basin. Supra-Clarke contents of Ga, V, and Sc were recorded in the Bogdanka coal mine.
Effect of Thymolina on the performance and carcass characteristics in Ross 308 broiler chickens.

In the present experiment, 320 one day old Ross 308 broiler chickens were used based on a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 4 replicates, and each replicate is a pan containing 20 broiler chickens. Experimental treatments include control, 0.5, 1, and 2 percent in chickens’ diet. Thymolina is an anti-bacterial powder drug which is made by composing 4 medicinal plants. During the experiment period, chickens had free access to water and food and the livestock raising management was conducted in terms of lighting, humidity, ventilation, and vaccination in accordance with the guide requirements of Ross 308 broider chickens. Weighing was conducted weekly and at the end of feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio of chickens were measured. At the age 42 days old, from each replicate, 2 chickens with the lowest mean difference in weight were selected in order to be used for factors of carcass weight, the amount of fat as well as pectoral muscle and small intestine to obtain histological Morphology. The amount of consumed feed weight gain, body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio was significantly affected and there is significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05), but feed conversion ratio (finisher and total) was not affected and there was no significant difference among different treatments (P>0.05). The amount of carcass fat in treatments containing Thymolina was decreased and was not affected and there was no significant difference among different treatments (P>0.05). In general, results indicated that using Thymolina in the diet of broiler chickens causes improvements in performance characteristics. Therefore, it can be used for the improvement in performance and creation of the favorable broiler chickens.
Maize-alfalfa intercropping induced changes in plant and soil nutrient status under nitrogen application

ABSTRACT Intercropping research interest is increasing globally due to its contribution to agriculture sustainability, crop productivity, and soil quality. To better understand the advantageous effect of intercropping, a pot and field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of maize-alfalfa intercropping on the plant and soil nutrient contents under nitrogen fertilization (N0 and N1 at 2.0 g pot−1 and 225.0 kg hm−2) in Changchun, China. The results revealed that intercropping with or without nitrogen fertilizer application significantly (p < 0.05) improved the yield, biomass dry matter and plant-soil nutrient contents. The increased yield and biomass dry matter (140.7 and 268.7 g pot−1) and (38% and 25%) suggested the improved efficiency of the intercropping system with nitrogen in maize. Moreover, the nutrient concentration of maize and alfalfa such as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were also improved in the intercropping system under nitrogen fertilizer application. In general, the findings also indicated that maize-alfalfa intercropping with nitrogen fertilizer application significantly improved the soil-based N, P, K, and soil organic matter. The results suggest that the use of intercropping with reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application can improve the growth, yield, plant, and soil nutrient status.
Detection and differentiation of the coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasma in coconut‐growing villages of Grand‐Lahou, Côte d'Ivoire

Surveys for the Cote d'Ivoire lethal yellowing (CILY) phytoplasma were conducted in eight severely CILY-affected villages of Grand-Lahou in 2015. Leaves, inflorescences and trunk borings were collected from coconut palms showing CILY symptoms and from symptomless trees. Total DNA was extracted from these samples and tested by nested polymerase chain reaction/RFLP and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein (rp) and the translocation protein (secA) genes. The CILY phytoplasma was detected in 82.9% of the symptom-bearing palms collected from all the surveyed villages and from all the plant parts. Trunk borings were recommended as the most suitable plant tissue type for sampling. Results indicate that the CILY phytoplasma may have a westward spread to other coconut-growing areas of Grand-Lahou. CILY phytoplasma strains infecting coconut palms in the western region of Grand-Lahou exhibited unique single nucleotide polymorphisms on the rp sequence compared to the strains from the eastern region. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms on the SecA sequence distinguished the CILY phytoplasma from the Cape St. Paul Wilt Disease phytoplasma in Ghana, and the Lethal Yellowing phytoplasma in Mozambique.
Rude customers and service performance: roles of motivation and personality

ABSTRACT On the basis of the self-determination theory, we develop and test an integrative framework that explains when and why customer incivility impairs employee service performance. Using multisource data collected through two waves in a shopping mall, we found that the strength of the mediated relationship between customer incivility and employee service performance (via employee intrinsic motivation) varied based on employee core-self evaluations; the negative indirect effect of customer incivility via intrinsic motivation on service performance was weaker for employees with high levels of core-self evaluations than for employees with low levels of core-self evaluations.
The nutty world of hazel names – a critical taxonomic checklist of the genus Corylus (Betulaceae)

Hazelnuts ( Corylus L.) are the source of one of the globally most important nut crops. Despite their economic and cultural importance, taxonomic knowledge is poor, even the number of species is equivocal. Weak morphological differentiation, the inconsistent taxonomic treatment of horticultural selections and cultivars, and uncritical regional treatments generated a multitude of names. The situation is further complicated by an ancient history of use (at least 10 400 years), trade (at least 4000 years) and domestication (at least 2000 years). Here, we present an annotated checklist of the taxa in the genus Corylus based on an extensive literature review, electronic database research, and visits to some European herbaria. Full citations are given for all names, typifications are provided for the majority of them. Cultivars are listed if described under the rules of the ICN. We designate lectotypes and neotypes for 28 names, and discuss the identity of enigmatic C. maxima Mill. , a taxon not known from the wild.
Influence of CNTs addition on structural and superconducting properties of mechanically alloyed MgB2

The result of adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the lattice parameters, critical temperature and electrical resistivity of the MgB2 superconductors is reported. Structurally, the addition of CNTs was found to decrease the a-lattice from 3.086 Ã… of CNTs free sample to 3.078 Ã… and 3.074 Ã… of 5% and 10% CNTs added samples due to a substitution of C at the B site which presence in the form of Mg(B1-xCx)2 main phase. The doping level x of CNTs added samples were 2.25 at% and 3.75 at% respectively. The unreacted CNTs presence as the second phase and further acting as the suppression agent for crystallite growth. The addition of CNTs is also to refine the grain size and improves the grain connectivity. Samples show a metallic behavior which observed only at temperatures above ~41 K, below which, a sharp transition of resistivity occurred toward zero resistivity, confirming the superconductivity behavior. This study concluded that the effect of CNTs addition affects the structural parameters and superconducting properties. The addition of the CNTs to 5% and 10% has changed the zero critical temperature of the sample material to respectively 39.20 and 38.02 K from 39.31 K of CNTs free sample.
The Potensial of Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp. as Biological Control Agents of Five Broad-Leaf Weeds

Weeds are a major problem in crop cultivation, either in food crops, horticulture, plantations or forests and cause a decrease in the quality and quantity of production. Weed biocontrol, especially by using plant pathogenic fungi, has received attention but is still lacking in application. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp. as biological control agents against five broad-leaf weeds ( Asystasia gangetica L., Ageratum conyzoides L., Synendrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. , Wedelia trilobata (L.) U.S. Hitchc. and Amaranthus spinosus L. ). The variables observed were the incubation period, disease incidence, disease intensity, as well as weed fresh and dry weight. The results of this study showed that the two pathogenic fungi, Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp. , can cause a more intensive disease in A. conizoides than A. spinosus . A. gangetica , S. nodiflora and W. trilobata ; however, the fungi have not been able to inhibit the growth and kill the weeds. Therefore, improvement need to be done by modifying the media to increase the ability of fungi to control weeds.
Dynamic Stress Analysis of a Circular-Lined Tunnel in Composite Strata-SH Wave Incidence

It is necessary to study the problem of seismic wave scattering in composite stratum for tunnel engineering because the existence of composite strata will make the stress of tunnels more complicated during earthquakes. In this thesis, a series solution of the scattering wave field of the composite strata and lining is obtained using the complex function method. According to the stress and displacement boundary conditions between the composite stratum and the lining, a series of equations are established and are solved by means of Fourier transformation and finite term truncation, and the calculation errors are also discussed. Through programming calculations, the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) of circular tunnels in the two types of composite strata, “hard-over-soft” and “soft-over-hard,” is analyzed when SH waves propagate, and certain conclusions on the scattering of SH waves that are distinguished from the case of single homogeneous layers are reached. The research in this article reveals some phenomena. For the Q345 steel lining in the calculation examples, it is found in this paper that increasing the thickness of the lining is effective to reduce the influence of the DSCF. But, for C30 concrete, increasing the thickness of the lining reduces the DSCF of the outer surface while increasing the DSCF of the inner surface.
Spatial and temporal variation in fish community structure and diversity in the largest tropical flood-pulse system of South-East Asia

The hydrology of the Mekong River is characterised by its extreme predictability, with regular wet and dry seasons throughout the basin (Adamson, Rutherfurd, Peel, & Conlan, 2009). The hydrology is controlled by the tropical monsoonal climate and flood runoff from the snowmelt in the Tibetan plateau as well as by its tributaries that converge and accumulate into a single large wet seasonal peak flow (Adamson et al., 2009; MRC, 2005). The biological systems of the river basin have both developed in and adapted to these tropical floodpulse environments, and the Mekong’s predictable seasonal flood pulses are indeed a key ecological driver that supports one of the most biodiverse and productive inland fisheries in the world (MRC, 2003, 2010; Poulsen, Ouch, Viravong, Suntornratana, & Nguyen, 2002, Rainboth, 1996). Received: 14 January 2018 | Revised: 20 April 2018 | Accepted: 24 April 2018 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12417
Aquaculture application and ecophysiology of marine bacteria from the Roseobacter clade

Phaeobacter gallaeciensis can antagonize fish-pathogenic bacteria in vitro, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the organism as a probiont for marine fish larvae and their feed cultures. An in vivo mechanism of action of the antagonistic probiotic bacterium is suggested using a non-antagonistic mutant. P. gallaeciensis was readily established in axenic cultures of the two microalgae Tetraselmis suecica and Nannochloropsis oculata, and of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. P. gallaeciensis reached densities of 10 cfu/ml and did not adversely affect growth of algae or rotifers. Vibrio anguillarum was significantly reduced by wild-type P. gallaeciensis, when introduced into these cultures. A P. gallaeciensis mutant that did not produce the antibacterial compound tropodithietic acid (TDA) did not reduce V. anguillarum numbers, suggesting that production of the antibacterial compound is important for the antagonistic properties of P. gallaeciensis. The ability of P. gallaeciensis to protect fish larvae from vibriosis was determined in a bath challenge experiment using a multidish system with 1 larva per well. Unchallenged larvae reached 40% accumulated mortality which increased to 100% when infected with V. anguillarum. P. gallaeciensis reduced the mortality of challenged cod larvae (Gadus morhua) to 10%, significantly below the levels of both the challenged and the unchallenged larvae. The TDA mutant reduced mortality of the cod larvae in some of the replicates, although to a much lesser extent than the wild type. It is concluded that P. gallaeciensis is a promising probiont in marine larviculture and that TDA production likely contributes to its probiotic effect. Citation: D’Alvise PW, Lillebø S, Prol-Garcia MJ, Wergeland HI, Nielsen KF, et al. (2012) Phaeobacter gallaeciensis Reduces Vibrio anguillarum in Cultures of Microalgae and Rotifers, and Prevents Vibriosis in Cod Larvae. PLoS ONE 7(8): e43996. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0043996 Editor: Daniel Merrifield, The University of Plymouth, United Kingdom Received March 26, 2012; Accepted July 27, 2012; Published August 22, 2012 Copyright: 2012 D’Alvise, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was funded by the Danish Research Council for Technology and Production to the project 09-066524 (Bioactive bacterial biofilm surfaces in aquaculture – disease prevention without antibiotics). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: gram@food.dtu. dk