Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of social media influencers’ credibility on product evaluation, product attitude, and purchase intention: The mediating effects of product-influencer fit

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of social media influencers' credibility, knowledge, and attractiveness on customers' evaluations of products and services within the domain of social media. This investigation was conducted by utilizing the theoretical framework of source credibility theory. This study also investigates the impact of product appraisal on customers' views about the product and its subsequent influence on their intentions to make a purchase. This study identified three key qualities, including source credibility, product appraisal, and product-influencer fit, which were found to be significant. Additionally, this study also revealed the mediating impact of these characteristics. A web-based survey was administered, and the collected data was subjected to analysis via structural equation modeling (SEM). This study found that out of the three elements of source credibility, trustworthiness was the only one that had a statistically significant impact on product appraisal. The findings from the conducted tests indicate that there was no statistically significant impact of competence and attractiveness on the appraisal of the product. Furthermore, it is important to note that the concept of product-influencer fit played a role as a mediator solely in the association between trustworthiness and product appraisal. Also, a significant correlation was seen between product evaluation and product perception. More importantly, it was determined that the purchase intentions of customers were notably impacted by their perceptions and evaluations of the respective products. Therefore, given the influence of trustworthiness on customers' evaluations of items and their positive brand perceptions, social media influencers could be a reliable and effective medium for disseminating marketing communications to consumers.
A preliminary investigation into mining and smelting impacts on trace element concentrations in the soils and vegetation around Tharsis, SW Spain

Abstract Toxic trace elements present an environmental hazard in the vicinity of mining and smelting activities. However, the processes of transfer of these elements to groundwater and to plants are not always clear. Tharsis mine, in the Iberian pyrite belt (SW Spain), has been exploited since 2500 BC, with extensive smelting taking place from the 1850s until the 1920s. Sixty four soil (mainly topsoils) and vegetation samples were collected in February 2001 and analysed by ICP-AES for 23 elements. Concentrations are 6-6300 mg kg-1 As and 14-24800 mg kg-1 Pb in soils, and 0.20-9 mg kg-1 As and 2-195 mg kg-1 Pb in vegetation. Trace element concentrations decrease rapidly away from the mine, with As and Pb concentrations in the range 6-1850 mg kg-1 (median 22 mg kg-1) and 14-31 mg kg-1 (median 43 mg kg-1), respectively, 1 km away from the mine. These concentrations are low when compared to other well-studied mining and smelting areas (e.g. 600 mg kg-1 As at 8 km from Yellowknife smelter, Canada; >100 mg kg-1 Pb over 270 km2 around the Pb-Zn Port Pirie smelter, South Australia; mean of 1419 mg kg-1 Pb around Aberystwyth smelter, Wales, UK). The high metal content of the vegetation and the low soil pH (mean pH 4.93) indicate the potential for trace element mobility which could explain the relatively low concentration of metals in Tharsis topsoils and cause threats to plans to redevelop the Tharsis area as an orange plantation.
A fossil, serpentinization‐related hydrothermal vent, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 173, Site 1068 (Iberia Abyssal Plain): Some aspects of mineral and fluid chemistry

The basement at Site 1068, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 173 (serpentinized peridotite in fault contact with overlying amphibolite-clast-dominated sedimentary and tectonic breccias) is host to a hydrothermal system rooted in serpentinization reactions occurring at depth. The serpentinite grades downward from cataclasites at the fault, through brecciated, recrystallized, tochilinite-bearing serpentinite, to awaruite-bearing massive, mesh-textured serpentinite. Andradite is common throughout and is a major sink for iron. The breccias are similarly zoned, from tectonized rocks near the fault upward into sedimentary breccias. Mg-silicate vein assemblages and rodingitized amphibolite clasts near the fault give way to calcite veins and nonpervasive albite-chlorite alteration upsection. Marcasite (± pyrrhotite at the fault) is the sulfide phase and occurs only in the tectonic breccias. Fe oxides are magnetite near the fault and hematite and ferric oxyhydroxides upsection. The zonation reflects mixing of seawater with a fluid whose composition (low fO2, fS2 Si, CO2, high Ca, Fe, Ca/Mg, pH) is controlled by serpentinization reactions. The deepest serpentinites have strongly reduced mineral assemblages that are unusual in a totally serpentinized peridotite. This probably reflects equilibration with a fluid derived from ongoing serpentinization at depth. The upper serpentinites, on through the mineral sequences seen in the breccias reflect increasing input from seawater upsection. Increased fO2 and fS2 stabilizes increasingly S- and O-rich assemblages. Calcite (and ferric oxide) precipitation decreases pH, stabilizing marcasite. Relative to mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems, fluids in serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal systems are poor in S and rich in Mg and are unlikely to host large sulfide ore deposits.
Retrospective investigation of the 2019 African swine fever epidemic within smallholder pig farms in Oudomxay province, Lao PDR

The 2019 African swine fever (ASF) outbreak in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR or Laos) represented a major epidemiologic event where a transitioning lower-middle income nation (LMIC) experienced a viral epidemic in a naïve pig population. The diversity of pig management styles creates challenges for local and regional policymakers when formulating recommendations to control an ASF outbreak. The aim of this study were to investigate the management of pigs in villages of Oudomxay province that were affected by ASF in 2019, as a case study in a smallholder pig-rasing system in northern Laos. The frequencies of well known risk factors were measured in the affected villages and the timelines and household level stock losses due to the outbreak were investigated. These findings were compared to data available from a similar outbreak in the southern province of Savannakhet. Disease control implications of these findings are discussed. Mean losses were 3.0–23.3 pigs per household, with a mean lost herd value of USD 349, 95% CI (294–415). These pig losses reflect those estimated in Savannakhet (6.7 pigs per household). However, the financial loss estimated per household was higher, USD 349 versus USD 215, possibly due to higher pig values and a higher input/output management approach in Oudomxay. The investigation revealed the presence of numerous ASF risk factors, such as swill-feeding and free-ranging. In addition, poor biosecurity practices – such as inappropriate garbage disposal and slaughtering – that could contaminate the environment were present. ASF cases occurred across all villages between June and December 2019, with outbreak periods ranging from 22–103 days. These values are consistent with the outbreak in Savannakhet; however, notable differences in management styles were observed. These findings demonstrate the need for more disease control resources from the village to the Governmental level. Villages need support in enacting context appropriate biosecurity measures, whilst the ongoing surveillance and investigation of ASF require investment in logistical and veterinary resources at the Governmental level.
Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt

In tectonically active mountain belts, earthquake-triggered landslides deliver large amounts of sediment to rivers. We quantify the geomorphic impact of the 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, which triggered >20,000 landslides. Coseismic weakening of substrate material caused increased landsliding during subsequent typhoons. Most coseismic landslides remained confined to hillslopes. Downslope transport of sediment into the channel network occurred during later storms. The sequential processes have led to a factor-of-four increase in unit sediment concentration in rivers draining the epicentral area and increased the magnitude and frequency of hyperpycnal sediment delivery to the ocean. Four years after the earthquake, rates of hillslope mass wasting remain elevated in the epicentral area.
Ten years of ozonesonde measurements at the south pole: Implications for recovery of springtime Antarctic ozone

Ten years of ozonesonde data at the south pole are used to investigate trends and search for indicators that can be used to detect Antarctic ozone recovery in the future. These data indicate that there have been no systematic winter temperature trends at altitudes of 7–25 km and thus no expected changes in stratospheric cloud particle surface area, which would affect heterogeneous chemistry. Springtime ozone depletion has been very severe since about 1992, with near-total loss of ozone in the 14- to 18-km region, but has lessened somewhat in 1994 and 1995. probably because of the decay of the sulfate aerosol from the Mount Pinatubo eruption which was present at 10–16 km. Sulfate aerosol particles from the Pinatubo eruption resulted in new ozone depletion in 1992 and 1993 in the 10- to 12-km region where it is too warm for polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) to form. The volcanic aerosol also augmented depletion related to PSCs at 12–16 km. Although ozone depletion was not as severe in 1995 as in 1993, the depleted region remained intact longer than ever, with record low values throughout December in 1995. Since about 1992, a pseudo-equilibrium seems to have been reached in which springtime ozone depletion, as measured by the total column or the ozone in the 12- to 20-km main stratospheric cloud region, has remained relatively constant. Independent of volcanic aerosol, ozone depletion has extended into the upper altitudes at 22–24 km since about 1992. There is some indication that ozone depletion has also worsened at the bottom of the depletion region at 12–14 km. Extensions of the ozone hole in the vertical dimension are believed to be the result of increases in man-made halogens and not due to changes in particle surface area or dynamics. A quasi-biennial component in the ozone destruction rate in September, especially above 18 km, is believed to be related to variations in the transport of halogen-bearing molecules to the polar region. A number of indicators for recovery of the ozone hole have been identified. They include an end to springtime ozone depletion at 22–24 km, a 12- to 20-km mid-September column ozone loss rate of less than about 3 Dobson Units (DU) per day, and a 12- to 20-km ozone column value of more than about 70 DU on September 15. It is estimated that if the Montreal protocol and its amendments, banning and/or limiting substances that deplete the ozone layer, is adhered to, recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole may be conclusively detected from the aforementioned changes in the vertical profile of ozone as early as the year 2008. Future volcanic eruptions would affect ozone at 10–16 km, making detection more difficult, but indicators such as depletion in the 22- to 24-km region will be immune to these effects.
Revised timing and onset location of two isolated substorms observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS)

[1] We report timing analysis on two previously published substorm events captured by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft. During the 29 January 2008 0713 UT substorm, the solar wind velocity had a strong southward component corresponding to a 6.5° southward tilt of the magnetotail. Viewed in a rotated system, the magnetic field at the most distant probe, P1 (XGSM = −29.5 RE), shows a bipolar magnetic signature interpreted herein as a tailward moving plasmoid; P2 (XGSM = −18.5 RE) also observed magnetic signatures indicating tailward motion at onset. P3 (XGSM = −10.8 RE) and P4 (XGSM = −10.6 RE) captured dipolarization fronts and earthward flows at the same time. After allowing for the more general case of different magnetosonic speeds on the two sides of the reconnection site, timing of the first signatures in space and ground reveals that tail reconnection initiated at ∼18 RE down tail, ∼2 min prior to auroral intensification. Allowing for different magnetosonic speeds on either side of the reconnection site is warranted by the large separation between the inner (10–12 RE) and outer (25–30 RE) probe locations and differing ion temperatures and equatorial magnetic fields expected at those locations. The same technique was applied for the 2 February 2008 0740 UT substorm event during which midtail data from P2 were unavailable. A previous study obtained a reconnection site location of XGSM = −11∼−17 RE assuming the same propagation speed on both sides of the reconnection site. Relaxation of the constant-speed condition results in a reconnection location of ∼22 RE and an inferred reconnection time of ∼3–4 min before the auroral intensification. Our results are consistent with other THEMIS event studies that are unaffected by large solar wind deflections or incomplete probe coverage, suggesting that reconnection triggering of substorm onset is a common occurrence.
Estimation of Soil Thickness Distribution on a Granitic Hillslope using Electrical Resistivity Method

), Butsuri-Tansa, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 161-172. Nishimaki, H. , Sekine, I. , Ishigaki, K. , Hara, T. , and Saito, A. (1999): Electrical resistivity of rock and its correlation to engineering properties. (in Japanese, with English abstract.), Butsuri-Tansa, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 161-171. ), Butsuri-Tansa, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 161-171. Katsura, S. , Kosugi, K. , Mizutani, T. , and Mizuyama, T. (2009): Hydraulic properties of variously weathered granitic bedrock in headwater catchments, Vadose Zone Journal, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 557-573. Sekine, I. , Nishimaki, H. , Ishigaki, K. , Hara, T. , and Saito, A. (1996): Rock resistivity and its correlation to mechanical properties. (in Japanese, with English abstract.), Proceedings of Japan society civil engineers, Vol. 541, pp.
TOWARD AN OPTIMIZED GLOBAL-IN-TIME SCHWARZ ALGORITHM FOR DIFFUSION EQUATIONS WITH DISCONTINUOUS AND SPATIALLY VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS

In this paper we present a global-in-time non-overlapping Sc hwarz method applied to the onedimensional unsteady diffusion equation. We address specifi cally the problem with discontinuous diffusion coefficients, our approach is therefore especially designed for subdomains with heterogeneous properties. We derive efficient interface conditions by solving analytically the minmax problem associated with the search for optimized conditions in aRobin-Neumanncase and in atwo-sided Robin-Robin case. The performance of the proposed schemes are illustrated by numerical experiments.
Rapid subauroral ion drifts observed by Atmosphere Explorer C

Large subauroral convection velocities are striking features of the vector ion drift measurements made with the RPA's and drift meters on the Atmosphere Explorer satellites. The large AE-C data base has been utilized to investigate the character and morphology of this phenomenon. These latitudinally narrow features are found to be confined predominantly to the local time sector between 18.00 hrs and 02.00 hrs. They occur either singly or as multiple events, one of which nearly always straddles the equatorward edge of the auroral zone. Their occurrence probability as a function of AE index suggests a dependence on magnetic substorm activity.
Estimation of spatially variable residual nonaqueous phase liquid saturations in nonuniform flow fields using partitioning tracer data

Estimates of spatially variable residual NAPL saturations SN are obtained in heterogeneous porous media using first temporal moments of breakthrough curves (BTCs) obtained from multilevel samplers during in situ partitioning tracer tests. An approach is adopted in which the distribution of the log NAPL/water volumetric ratio (Y = ln [SN/(1 − SN∥]) and log hydraulic conductivity (F = ln K) are treated as spatially correlated random fields. A nonlinear Gauss‐Newton search technique is used to identify the spatial distribution of Y that minimizes the weighted sum of the deviation of the temporal moment predictions from their measured values and the deviation of the estimate of Y from its prior estimate obtained from the temporal moments of extraction well BTCs. Sensitivities required for the algorithm are obtained using a coupled flow and transport adjoint sensitivity method. In addition to obtaining optimal estimates for the spatial distribution of Y, the method also provides the estimation error covariance. The estimation error covariance can be used to evaluate the information that may be obtained from alternate pumping and monitoring configurations for tracer tests designed to detect NAPL in the subsurface. To this end, we tested the method using two different NAPL distributions (one with a random spatially correlated field and a second that was a block of NAPL) and three different pumping configurations (a double five‐spot pattern, an inverted double five‐spot pattern, and a line‐drive pattern). The results show that measured temporal moments are more sensitive to Y in the double five‐spot and inverted double five‐spot patterns, and estimates produced in these configurations are slightly superior to those produced in the line‐drive pattern.
The Relationships Among Leader’s Political Skill of Leader-Member Exchange, Ethical Leadership, and Some Work Outcomes

This study aims to investigate the relationship among political skill, leader-member exchange, and ethical leadership and to reveal the impact of leader-member exchange on various work outcomes. In this context, the impact of leader-member exchange on individual creativity, life satisfaction, career success, and psychological well-being was examined. For this research, in September-November 2018 data were gathered through question forms from a total of 211 employees of a private sector firm in Istanbul, and structural equation modeling was used. According to the results of the analyses, it was found that ethical leadership has a full mediation effect on the relationship between political skill and leader-member exchange. Moreover, the employee’s leader -member exchange perception was found to affect his/her creativity, life satisfaction, career success, and psychological well-being positively. In this study, if ethical values are successfully placed in the organization and an ethical climate is formed, it is seen that the leader does not need any extra skills. The formation of an ethical management approach in organizations has an effect that eliminates the need for leaders to have political skills.
Velocity moments in alongshore bottom stress parameterizations

The time-averaged alongshore bottom stress is an important component of nearshore circulation models. In a widely accepted formulation the bottom stress is proportional to , the time average of the product of the instantaneous velocity magnitude |u→| and the instantaneous alongshore velocity component υ. Both mean and fluctuating (owing to random, directionally spread waves) velocities contribute to . Direct estimation of requires a more detailed specification of the velocity field than is usually available, so the term is parameterized. Here direct estimates of based on time series of near-bottom currents observed between the shoreline and 8-m water depth are used to test the accuracy of parameterizations. Common parameterizations that are linear in the mean alongshore current significantly underestimate for moderately strong alongshore currents, resulting in overestimation of a drag coefficient determined by fitting modeled (with a linearized bottom stress) to observed alongshore currents. A parameterization based on a joint-Gaussian velocity field with the observed velocity statistics gives excellent overall agreement with the directly estimated and allows analytic investigation of the statistical properties of the velocity field that govern . Except for the weakest flows, depends strongly on the mean alongshore current and the total velocity variance but depends only weakly on the mean wave angle, wave directional spread, and mean cross-shore current. Several other nonlinear parameterizations of are shown to be more accurate than the linear parameterizations and are adequate for many modeling purposes.
Evaluation of 10 year AQUA/MODIS land surface temperature with SURFRAD observations

As the 10 year Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Land Surface Temperature MODIS LST becomes available, it is significant to perform a comprehensive evaluation on the long-term product before downstream users use it for climate studies and atmospheric models. In this study, a validation is carried out using observations from the US Surface Radiation budget (SURFRAD) network. Strict quality control removes cloud-contaminated samples from MODIS LST collection and decreases noise information from SURFRAD measurements, thereby making the validation more persuasive. With analysis on 19,735 valid samples, Aqua/MODIS LST from a split-window algorithm shows retrieval errors from –14 K to 17 K with a bias of –0.93 K, an RMSE of 2.65 K, and a standard deviation of 2.48 K. The errors also show strong seasonal signals. With correlation tests between LST errors and several other factors, it is disclosed that LST retrieval errors mainly come from atmospheric effects and surface emissivity uncertainties, which are closely related to relative air humidity, absolute air humidity, sensor zenith angle, wind speed, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and soil moisture. In addition, the impacts from these factors may not be independent. These impact factors suggest a deficiency of the split-window algorithm in dealing with atmospheric and surface complexity and variety.
Opalized archosaur remains from the Bulldog Shale (Aptian: Lower Cretaceous) of South Australia

Terrestrial reptile remains are very rare in the Lower Cretaceous of South Australia, but include the holotype of the small theropod Kakuru. Here, we review this taxon and other archosaur specimens collected from the Bulldog Shale (Aptian) of Andamooka and Coober Pedy. Kakuru possesses no unique characters or character state combinations and is regarded as a nomen dubium, representing an indeterminate tetanuran theropod. Two other specimens (a left metatarsal and astragalus) can be referred to Dinosauria, but the identity of several other specimens (phalanges and a centrum) can only be resolved to the level of an indeterminate archosaur.