Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using sentence dictation to practise and assess taught spelling and punctuation skills: a Year 2 Explicit Instruction intervention

ABSTRACT Daily contextualised sentence dictation was used for Year 2 students to practise, and the teacher to assess, taught spelling concepts, capital letters and full stop usage in an Explicit Instruction (EI) intervention. Conducted in a mainstream setting, it supported all students learning to spell, including those with a learning difficulty (LD) and an English Learner (LL). Results showed that students who received EI in spelling and punctuation constructs followed by sentence dictation did significantly better than comparison students who continued with their usual spelling programme. Randomly selected intervention students deemed below average (BA), average (A), and above average (AA) spellers by their teachers were interviewed post-intervention to ascertain their feelings and opinions on the dictation components of the intervention. The positive findings presented here provide a body of contemporary research that supports using EI and incorporating contextualised sentence dictation to improve students’ understanding and practice of spelling and punctuation concepts.
In Vitro Development of Porcine Nuclear Transfer Embryos Reconstructed by Intracytoplasmic Microinjection of Cumulus Cell Nuclei into In Vitro Matured Oocytes

Porcine nuclear transfer embryos were reconstructed by intracytoplasmic nuclear injection of cumulus cell nuclei into recipient oocytes matured in vitro by two types of method (NCSU23-based and TCM199-based methods). Remodelling of the transferred nuclei and in vitro development of the reconstructed embryos were investigated. Intracytoplasmic nuclear injection did not induce activation of the recipient oocytes regardless of the type of maturation method (NCSU23-based: 61/61, 100%, TCM199-based: 49/50, 98%). When the reconstructed embryos were examined 1 h after nuclear injection many of them (NCSU23-based: 22/29, 76%; TCM199-based: 19/23, 83%) possessed condensed chromosomes or a chromosome array resembling the maternal metaphase plate. The proportion of the reconstructed embryos possessing condensed chromosomes arranged in a scattered fashion showed a tendency to increase, when they were examined 2-5 h after nuclear injection. Reconstructed embryos were electrically activated either 2-2.5 h or 3.5-4 h after nuclear injection, followed by fixation/staining to examine formation of pronucleus-like nuclei (pseudo-nuclei). Regardless of the nuclear injection/activation interval tested, 68% (36/53) of the reconstructed embryos developed pseudo-pronuclei ranging in number between 1 and 4. When the reconstructed embryos were cultured for 7 days to assess their developmental competence, 5 (5/98) to 11% (12/111) developed to blastocysts regardless of the type of the recipient oocyte and nuclear injection/activation intervals. These results show that intracytoplasmic injection of porcine cumulus cell nuclei achieves a high rate of nuclear remodelling and that the reconstructed embryos are capable of developing into blastocysts.
Herbicidal potential of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) essential oil components on bristly foxtail (Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.): Comparison with carvacrol, carvone, thymol and eugenol

Essential oils are a plentiful source of plant compounds for potential use in the development of natural herbicides. With this in mind, the phytotoxicity of ten major essential oil components of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) on the weed species bristly foxtail (Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. ) was determined using a perlite-based Petri-dish bioassay. Their phytotoxicity was also compared with that of well-known phytotoxic essential oil components (carvacrol, thymol, carvone and eugenol) of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) essential oils. Potential synergistic or antagonistic effects between carvacrol or eugenol with other components of lavender essential oil were investigated. Regarding the most phytotoxic components, terpinen-4-ol at 80 nL/cm3 completely inhibited the germination and root length of bristly foxtail, displaying similar phytotoxicity to carvone and thymol. Like carvacrol, lavandulol and linalyl acetate caused total (100%) germination and root length reduction of bristly foxtail at 160 nL/cm3, while the same effect was achieved by lavandulyl acetate at 320 nL/cm3. A synergistic effect was also observed when carvacrol or eugenol were combined with ocimene, 3-octanone, ? -terpineol or terpinen-4-ol. Focusing on the development of alternative weed control strategies, lavender essential oils containing high concentrations of terpinen-4-ol, lavandulol or linalyl acetate could be useful for the production of natural herbicides. These essential oil components combined with selected oregano or clove essential oil components, increase phytotoxicity and weed control due to the synergistic effect observed when in mixture.
Sufficient conditions for optimally and super m-restricted edge-connected graphs with given girth

ABSTRACT A -connected graph G is optimally m-restricted edge-connected if its m-restricted edge-connectivity equals the minimum m-edge-degree , and super m-restricted edge-connected if all minimum m-restricted edge cuts are trivial. In this study, a bound for the size of graphs with girth greater than any given integer l is obtained firstly. Then the second minimum degree conditions for optimally and super m-restricted edge-connected graphs with girth greater than l are provided. Furthermore, the relationship between optimally m-restricted edge connectivity and optimally -restricted edge connectivity is characterized.
An Acoustic Study of Fundamental Frequency and Pauses in Depressive
 Teenagers in Thailand: A Pilot Study

Depression is a major public health problem among Thais. It has been reported that 30% of 70 million people living in Thailand suffer from depression. Suicide is a potential end result from mental illness, § I would like to express my gratitude to Lampang Hospital, Lampang Province Thailand and the Unit of Excellence, University of Phayao for their assistance with ethical issues (no.3/019/62) and funding. My sincere thanks go to Doctor Nutmethee Noppachaianun, Head of the Psychiatric Department, Ms. Rungravee Kaewdee, and all of his psychiatrists and nurses. In addition, I would like to thank my participants and my research team for their support. Phanintra Teeranon Associate Professor, School of Liberal Arts, University of Phayao, Thailand Email: tphanintra@hotmail.com Received 10 February, 2020; Revised 11 March, 2020; Accepted 20 March, 2020 Copyright © 2020 Language Research Institute, Sejong University Journal of Universal Language is an Open Access Journal. All articles are distributed online under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 90 An Acoustic Study of Fundamental Frequency and Pauses in Depressive ~ which normally involves depression. Diagnosis and treatment are key factors in the prevention of depression. In traditional diagnosis, there are two key methods of testing: (i) a screening test and interview and (ii) a biomarker test. In recent years, detecting depression with speech—a kind of biomarker test— has gained high acceptance. Cues of suprasegments in speech, such as pauses, loudness, tones, rhythm, and phonation, have been scientifically proven using acoustic methods of being indicators of depression. This paper has two main objectives: (i) to conduct a review of the use of suprasegments as cues and an analysis of the cues capable of indicating depression in Thailand and (ii) to analyze an acoustic study of pitch measured by the fundamental frequency and silent pause length in depressed and non-depressed participants. The method used in the study is the acoustic method of linguistics. Praat program version 6.2. 09 was used to analyze the data. This is a pilot study of three depressed Thai students aged 20 compared with three non-depressed Thai participants. We propose a new perspective upon Thai language speech indicators that combines two or more cues in detecting depression (e.g. depression inventory with pause duration and word signs). Interestingly, it was found that the pitch of Thai tones may not be an appropriate cue for depression in Thais. This result conflicts with previous research conducted in other non-tonal languages. The results of this study lay the foundation for a Thai speech index for depression that can be further developed for the detection of depression.
Currency Misalignments and Exchange Rate Regimes in Latin American
 Countries: A Trade-Off Issue

This paper conducts an in-depth empirical investigation on the impact of the exchange rate regime (ERR) on real currency misalignments in a panel of 17 Latin American countries over the 1970-2016 period. We consider explicitly the two dimensions of misalignments, size and persistence, and evaluate four different ERR classifications. We also pay attention to cross-sectional dependencies across countries that appear to be important in Latin America, and provide several robustness checks. Our main findings show that, although fixed ERR perform well in limiting the size of misalignments – and in reducing inflation and fiscal deficit – the disequilibria are more persistent. On the contrary, allowing for more flexibility reduces persistence but increases the size of misalignments. Overall, we show that Latin American countries face a crucial trade-off when they have to choose their ERR.
Prediction of Wheat Quality—Past, Present, Future. A Review

Since the discovery of gluten by Beccari in the 18th century, wheat producers, millers, and bakers have tried to find relatively simple methods of prediction of wheat quality, particularly during the breeding stages. Bearing in mind that endosperm proteins play the governing role in determination of wheat quality, this prediction is generally based on these proteins. Early research concentrated on relations among the macrofractions (i.e., gliadin:glutenin ratio, ratio of acetic acid soluble proteins, etc.). Later, the gliadin polypeptides, the genes coding for these polypeptides, and variety identification became the focus of research. More recent predictions are based on the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Although such predictions are successfully applied in many countries for wheat breeding, the low correlation between predicted and practical quality observed in many cases, and the variability of quality of different wheat varieties, suggests that further studies are needed to improve the reliability of this particular prediction. In the framework of such studies, more attention should be paid to the synthesis and interactions of gluten-forming polypeptides—particularly with respect to the polymerization process of glutenin subunits; the role of redox-system of kernel in the gluten formation; and the formation of gluten complex, including role of nonprotein constituents; consequently, the wheat kernel should be treated as a biological unit. From the methodological point of view, the uses of new techniques such as immunochemistry, nondestructive evaluation methods, etc., hold promise for improved quality prediction.
Analogue model of ground ruptures due to groundwater pumping in an aquifer above a bedrock ridge

Abstract. We report preliminary results of physical experiments of rupture occurrence and propagation associated with land subsidence driven by groundwater pumping and compare our analogue model results with corresponding previously reported numerical results. In particular, we aim to test the development of tensile stresses above a bedrock ridge that forms the base of an aquifer system. The experiment reproduces the main deformation and ruptures observed in field cases and in the numerical analysis.
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) isoflavones: determination of concentrations by plant stage, flower colour, plant part and cultivar

BACKGROUND: Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a widely used fodder, has recently received considerable interest as a valuable source of isoflavones for many health-related applications. The aim of this study was to analyse the concentrations of four isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A, in extracts of leaves, stems, roots and different coloured flowers from red clover by high-performance liquid chromatography and to determine the antifungal activities of the extracts. RESULTS: Among greenhouse-grown samples the highest amounts of daidzein and genistein were found in petioles (0.11–0.28 and 0.30–0.54 mg g−1 respectively), while leaves were rich in formononetin and biochanin A (5.57–9.05 and 10.94–14.59 mg g−1 respectively). High formononetin concentrations were found in roots, but very little biochanin A. Among field-grown samples the highest concentrations of daidzein and genistein were detected in stems collected in August (0.24 and 0.55 mg g−1 respectively), while the highest amounts of formononetin and biochanin A were found in young leaves collected in June (7.47 and 9.69 mg g−1 respectively). Most of the extracts inhibited the growth of Drechslera teres, while the root extract showed the strongest effect against Microdochium nivale. CONCLUSION: High levels of bioactive compounds found not only in inflorescences but also in roots, leaves and stems suggest that red clover may be an inexpensive and valuable resource for many applications. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The Protective Role of Green Tea against Ethanol-mediated Bone Alterations in Adult Male Rabbits: Biochemical, Histological and Morphometrical Study

Background: Chronic alcohol abuse is a widespread clinical disorder. It leads to bone alterations, mainly osteoporosis. Next to water, tea (green or black) is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Bone mineral density is affected by several compounds contained in tea extracts.Aim of the work: Our work aimed to investigate the effects of alcohol on adult male rabbit's compact bone and the possible protective effect of green tea extract. (GTE) Material and Methods: Twenty-four adult male rabbits were used. They were divided into equal 4 groups: first group (normal control), second group (green tea), third group; ethanol (EtOH) and fourth group (EtOH – green tea). After 120 days of treatment, all animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed. Blood ethanol and serum ionized calcium (iCa), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were estimated. Serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were estimated to determine renal and hepatic integrity. Femurs of each rabbit were processed for histological and morphometrical study.Results: Chronic alcohol ingestion resulted in a non_significant decrease in serum iCa level and a significant decrease in serum ALP activity. EtOH -treated rabbits did not differ from the controls in mean serum levels of ALT, AST, creatinine or phosphorus. Bone sections from EtOH- treated rabbits revealed multiple areas of degeneration in the thin cartilaginous plate. The trabeculae were thinner, shorter and fewer than those from controls. There was a significant decrease in osteoblast surface and a significant increase in osteoclast surface. Green tea supplementation resulted in marked improving of biochemical, histological and all histomorphometric parameters under investigation.Conclusion: From the foregoing, dangerous effects of alcohol on the bone became clear. So it is better to restrict its consumption. Natural products as green tea are able to protect against bone deterioration.
αvβ3 and αvβ5 Integrin Expression in Glioma Periphery

Objective This study analyzed the expression of integrins alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 in glioma tissue and focused on the periphery of high-grade gliomas. Methods The analysis was performed with Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, by use of two monoclonal antibodies able to recognize the functional integrin heterodimer. The expression of integrin-related ligands and growth factors also was studied. Sections from the tumor periphery were classified as either tumor periphery (light tumor infiltrate or scant visible cells) or peritumor (heavy tumor infiltration). Results Our data on glioma tissues demonstrated that both integrins were expressed in glioma cells and vasculature and their expression correlated with the histological grade. Alpha(v)beta3 expression was prominent in astrocytic tumors. Both integrins were markers of tumor vasculature, particularly of endothelial proliferation. A high-grade glioma periphery demonstrated a prominent expression of integrin alpha(v)beta3. Cells demonstrating alpha(v)beta3 positivity were identified as tumor astrocytes and endothelial cells by double imaging. The same cells were surrounded by some alpha(v)beta3 ligands and co-localized fibroblast growth factor 2. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 also was found to be co-localized with alpha(v)beta3 in the same cells. Alpha(v)beta3 expression was more relevant in tumor astrocytes. Alpha(v)beta3 integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor expression increased from the periphery to the tumor center. Conclusion Our data support the role of integrins alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 in glioma-associated angiogenesis. In addition, they suggest a role for integrin alpha(v)beta3 in neoangiogenesis and cell migration in high-grade glioma periphery.
Growth, carcass and meat quality characteristics of beef cattle with 0, 50 and 75 percent Wagyu genetic influence

Feeding trials were conducted in two years to compare growth performance, carcass characteristics and quality of meat from beef cattle with 0, 50 or 75% Wagyu genetic influence. The cattle types used in the two years of the study were Continental crossbred steers (0% Wagyu), cattle with 50% Wagyu influence (Wagyu/Angus crossbreds) and 75% Wagyu influence (containing 25% from other European breeds). Cattle were housed in individual pens in the first year and in group pens in the second year. Cattle were fed a backgrounding diet containing 35% barley grain and 65% barley silage with protein, mineral and vitamin supplements until they weighed more than 380 kg, after which they were adapted to a finishing diet consisting of 80% barley and 20% barley silage with mineral and vitamin supplements. Cattle were weighed every 4 wk and at the end of the finishing period they were processed and carcass information was obtained. A three-rib section (10–12) was removed from 41 (year 1) and 44 (year 2) carcasses selected.
Cynipid galls: insect‐induced modifications of plant development create novel plant organs

Cynipid gall formation is achieved by an insect-plant interaction whereby cynipid gallwasps redirect host-plant development to form novel structures to protect and nourish the developing larvae. Work was carried out to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in this interaction, and extend the understanding of plant tissue development. Cytological changes of the inner-gall tissue throughout the development of several gall species was investigated and the developmental stages of gall formation defined, to reveal two different patterns of development followed by the galls tested. Fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstrated many of the inner-gall cells to be polytenized. Comparisons between inner-gall and non-gall tissue protein signatures by Schonrogge et al. (Plant, Cell and Environment 23, 215-222, 2000) have demonstrated the variation between gall and non-gall protein signatures, and identified a number of inner-gall proteins. Further analysis of one of these inner-gall proteins involved in lipid synthesis, putative biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), revealed differential expression throughout development, and showed this expression to be concentrated in the inner-gall tissue in all the gall species tested.
Effect of plant density and growth duration on grain sorghum yield under limited water supply.

In field trials in 1967 in which grain sorghum hybrids heading 55, 60 and 70 days from emergence were sown at 12 plant densities ranging from 2.9 to 27.9 plants/m2, the highest yield was obtained from the earliest hybrid at the most dense population. The grain yields of the late- and of the early-maturing hybrid were highest under low and high plant densities, respectively. The higher yields were due to higher yield/plant, number of heads/plant and number of grains/panicle. All grain yield components affected inter-hybrid differences under moderate competition, but at the highest plant density the interaction between number of grains/ panicle and weight/grain determined yield; 1000-grain weight of the early hybrid was unchanged by increased plant competition for water. In a second experiment in 1969, less water was used by an early-than by a late-maturing hybrid. Water use increased with plant density. -P.C. H.
Survey on understanding of socio-demographic factors responsible for unmet need of family planning from the selected locality in Agra

Despite the progress that has been recorded in area of family planning, an increasing number of women reporting the need for the contraceptives tells the urgency of the situation. Data collected from both developing and developed world put forth a whooping number as 120 million women who have reported that they are willing to delay the pregnancy but are not using any method of contraception. According to world health organization (WHO) Unmet need for family planning is defined as the percentage of women of reproductive age, either married or in a union, who have an unmet need for family planning. The concept of unmet need has already been defined through many studies, as it is the percentage of the women who wish to delay the childbirth but are not using any form of contraception. Since reporting of the unmet need of family planning depends upon the desire of the women to report such an issue which is still considered a taboo in Indian families. It is for this reason; unmet need is called as an inconsistent and fluid indicator of the reproductive potential of the women. It is postulated that, if the unmet need of the selected population is met through interventions, it could help in reducing the population and also help in bringing down child mortality in addition to maternal mortality and morbidity. This study from the selected location from Agra in Uttar Pradesh has brought in light certain observations among the women who were not using any method of contraception. We have through this study have reported that more than 73 percent of the women wanted to stop childbearing. Women who were using any of the choicest method of contraception, among them 34 percent of the women were reporting desire to become pregnant. 67 percent of the women wanted to delay the pregnancy for one to two years, 48 percent of the women from among the selected population in this category did not want to have any more children. The aim of this study was to establish a co-relation between various factors that exerts their affects on presence of unmet need for family planning and use of family planning methods with a reported decrease in pregnancy among the women who did not want any more children.