Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the L1 scheme for a time fractional parabolic–elliptic problem involving weak singularity

A time fractional initial boundary value problem of mixed parabolic–elliptic type is considered. The domain of such problem is divided into two subdomains. A reaction–diffusion parabolic problem is considered on the first domain, and on the second, a convection–diffusion elliptic type problem is considered. Such problem has a mild singularity at the initial time t = 0. The classical L1 scheme is introduced to approximate the temporal derivative, and a second order standard finite difference scheme is used to approximate the spatial derivatives. The domain is discretized with uniform mesh for both directions. It is shown that the order of convergence is more higher away from t = 0 than the order of convergence on the whole domain. To show the efficiency of the scheme, numerical results are provided.
Strategic Deviance and Cash Holdings

We examine the impact of strategic deviance on corporate cash holdings and find that firms with strategies that deviate from their industry peers hold more cash. This pattern can be consistent with an agency motive, a precautionary motive, or both. We show that the value of cash holdings decreases with strategic deviance and that the cash effect of strategic deviance increases with agency costs but not with financial constraints, consistent with an agency motive. Finally, we find that strategically deviant firms pay lower dividends and avoid more taxes, both of which can potentially contribute to cash holdings. We conclude that strategically deviant firms hold more cash due to an agency motive.
Corporate Risk Disclosure in Emerging Economies: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Directions

AB STR ACT Research aim: Corporate risk disclosure (CRD) has long been regarded as a focal point of corporate communication since adequate disclosure of risk information in the annual report may reduce investors’ uncertainty and assist investors to make sound investment decisions. However, previous reviews of CRD literature have tended to focus on developed economies which may have limited applicability in the emerging markets. The aim of this article is, therefore, to extend reviews of CRD literature to emerging economies. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This paper concentrated on articles published in international peer-reviewed academic journals. Guided by the review methods recommended by Fink (2010) and Tranfield et al. (2003), a systematic review of the most relevant databases within social sciences was performed. Research findings: Valuable evidence emerge from the review. The authors found that most prior risk disclosure studies have focused on the developed economies and that similar research within the context of emerging countries remains under-represented. The literature review also suggests that CRD studies have mainly adopted content analysis to examine the scope of voluntary disclosure practices. The findings show that agency theory remains the most dominant theory to explain the managerial attitudes towards risk disclosure practices. More interestingly, the authors found that rather than solely relying on a single theory alone to explain the phenomenon of CRD, more studies are incorporating multiple theoretical lenses to examine CRD given the diverse nature of voluntary risk reporting. Theoretical contribution/ Originality: The paper adds to the limited number of systematic literature reviews relating to CRD in both developed and emerging economies. Practitioner/ Policy implication: By providing an important snapshot through an integrated and synthesised overview of the current body of knowledge in the field of CRD, the findings may generate new insights to regulatory bodies and standard setters to refine policies on voluntary disclosure practices, conduct more effective monitoring on the level of information transparency among listed companies.
Genetic and Epigenetic Crosstalk Define TP53-Mediated Human Cancer Susceptibility

Deregulation of epigenetic programming is crucial to tumorigenesis, yet the extent to which epigenetics plays a role in cancer susceptibility remains unclear. This work details systematic molecular investigations of the familial cancer predisposition syndrome, Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS), to garner a better understanding of the role of epigenetics in cancer susceptibility in humans. LFS is a prototypical cancer susceptibility syndrome characterized by a 73-100% lifetime incidence of developing at least one malignancy in affected individuals. The majority of LFS cases are associated with inherited or de novo mutations in the TP53 gene, encoding the tumor suppressor protein, p53. This work reports the first genome-wide survey of DNA methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes from carriers of germline TP53 mutations, and reveals that TP53 mutation carriers harbor a distinct DNA methylation profile relative to noncarriers overall, and in subgroup analyses stratified by cancer diagnosis. Many TP53 mutationassociated differential methylation marks occur at previously characterized p53 transcription factor binding sites. In particular, striking hypomethylation of the miR-34A promoter, a known tumor suppressor in the p53 regulatory network, is detected in leukocytes from LFS patients in two independent cohorts. By contrast, miR-34A promoter hypermethylation is a recurrent epigenetic event in primary LFS tumors of various histologies and correlates with poor clinical iii outcome in patients with choroid plexus carcinomas. These findings suggest a role for miR-34A as an important tumor suppressor in LFS, and demonstrate that loss of miR-34A by somatic epimutation may comprise a step in neoplastic progression in this clinical context. Detailed molecular investigations to better understand the functional role of miR-34A in the background of mutant TP53 reveal that miR-34A is essential for cell viability and regulates a network of noncoding RNAs, including components of the minor spliceosome, as well as various long noncoding RNAs. The function of miR-34A in cell cycle states may be mediated by these transcriptional changes. Collectively, this work provides the first insights into the mechanisms by which germline TP53 mutations may confer cancer predisposition and implicates a novel gene, miR-34A, in the pathogenesis of TP53-associated human cancer susceptibility.
Morphological and anatomical studies of the newly recorded genus Plagiopteron Griff. (Celastraceae) from Vietnam

Plagiopteron Griff. (Celastraceae), collected from Bac Giang Province of Vietnam is reported here as a new generic record for the flora of Vietnam. It is supposedly an early derived member of the subfamily Hippocrateoideae (composed of tribes Campylostemoneae and Hippocrateeae), within Hippocrateaceae. The genus differs from other members of Celastraceae by its many bicyclically arranged stamens. Leaf anatomical studies have been performed to understand various features such as venation, vascular bundles, collenchyma and stomata. Taxonomic notes, description, and photographs are provided, together with short notes on the distribution, ecology and phenology of the species. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 23 (2): 161-166, 2016 (December)
Investigation into Catalytic Metallodrugs that Target Hepatitis C IRES RNA: Development, Characterization, and Mechanism

ii Dedication . v Acknowledgments. vi Vita . viii List of Tables . xvi List of Figures . xx – Introduction . 1 – History of Metals in Medicine from Serendipity to Design . 3 1.3 – Cisplatin and derivatives . 7 1.4 – US FDA . 12 1.5 – Clinical and FDA-approved metallodrugs . 14 1.5. 1 First Row Transition Metals . 14 1.5. 2 Second and Third Row Transition Metals . 16
The Nature and Structure of the Military Suicide Research Consortium’s Common Data Elements

Abstract Objective To describe the development, application, and benefits of a set of common data elements (CDE) utilized by the Military Suicide Research Consortium (MSRC). Approach: Civilian and military suicide research experts selected items from measures representing a broad range of suicide-specific constructs, and created new items for certain constructs. The resulting CDE were included in the protocols of all studies funded by MSRC. Principal investigators upload their CDE to a secure repository available for use by other researchers. Results: The CDE have been found to be valid, reliable, and of use for multiple applications beyond the design of the parent studies which generated them. Conclusions: The MSRC CDE expand the information available to inform suicide prevention and intervention among military personnel. They also improve the quality of the suicide data available in support of the DoD’s goal of addressing the huge public health problem of suicide among service members.
East African giant millipedes of the tribe Pachybolini (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)

The East African species of the millipede tribe Pachybolini are revised. Three new genera are described: Crurifarcimen n. gen. (monotypic, type species: C. vagans n. sp., Tanzania), Hyperbolus n. gen. (type species: H. apicomplexus n. sp., Tanzania and Uganda; further species: H. morogoroensis Kraus, 1958, Tanzania, transferred from Pachybolus), Parabolus n. gen. (type species: Trigoniulus dimorphus Carl, 1909, Tanzania, transferred from Pachybolus, further species: P. calceus n. sp., Kenya). Hadrobolus Cook, 1897 and its only species, H. crassicollis (Peters, 1855), Mozambique, are redescribed. Epibolus bravensis (Silvestri, 1897) and E. mossabicensis Lawrence, 1967, are both synonymised under E. pulchripes (Gerstacker, 1873), Somalia to Mozambique, rendering Epibolus Cook, 1897, monotypic. Pachybolus Cook, 1897, is restricted to its poorly known type species, P. tectus Cook, 1897, Zanzibar. A cladistic analysis of Pachybolini (W Africa, E Africa, Madagascar) does not support monophyly of the East African genera, but does support a clade consisting of Crurifarcimen+Hyperbolus+Parabolus, as well as monophyly of the two latter genera.
Low Dose HRTEM of Interfacial Melting of Cubic Ice at Low Temperature

Four phases of ice show exist in outer space: hexagonal ice (ice Ih), cubic ice (ice Ic), amorphous ice, and orthorhombic ice (ice XI), which play crucially important roles in the origin of life. The environment in a cryogenic transmission electron microscope (cryo-TEM) with high vacuum and low temperature environment is very similar to outer space, which offers a unique way to investigate the behaviors of interstellar ice. Previously, Kobayashi et al. [1] directly observed hexagonal ice nanoparticles at atomic scale using aberration-corrected cryo-TEM. However, the atomic structure of cubic ice has not been fully understood yet because cubic ice is extremely sensitive to e-beam irradiation compared to hexagonal ice. By using low-temperature, low-dose high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) enabled by a direct electron detection camera, we demonstrate in situ atomic resolution observation of cubic ice melting. We found that ice, at the interface between ice film and substrates, melts into glass water (a melted amorphous ice) under the electron beam irradiation even at liquid nitrogen temperature.
Stoichiometric Network Analysis of Cyanobacterial Acclimation to Photosynthesis-Associated Stresses Identifies Heterotrophic Niches

Metabolic acclimation to photosynthesis-associated stresses was examined in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 using integrated computational and photobioreactor analyses. A genome-enabled metabolic model, complete with measured biomass composition, was analyzed using ecological resource allocation theory to predict and interpret metabolic acclimation to irradiance, O2, and nutrient stresses. Reduced growth efficiency, shifts in photosystem utilization, changes in photorespiration strategies, and differing byproduct secretion patterns were predicted to occur along culturing stress gradients. These predictions were compared with photobioreactor physiological data and previously published transcriptomic data and found to be highly consistent with observations, providing a systems-based rationale for the culture phenotypes. The analysis also indicated that cyanobacterial stress acclimation strategies created niches for heterotrophic organisms and that heterotrophic activity could enhance cyanobacterial stress tolerance by removing inhibitory metabolic byproducts. This study provides mechanistic insight into stress acclimation strategies in photoautotrophs and establishes a framework for predicting, designing, and engineering both axenic and photoautotrophic-heterotrophic systems as a function of controllable parameters.
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of the flow past a leading edge inflatable wing for airborne wind energy applications

In this work we present Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of the flow past the constant design shape of a leading-edge inflatable (LEI) wing. The simulations are performed with a steady-state solver using a k − ω SST turbulence model, covering a range of Reynolds numbers between 105 ≤ and ≤ 15 × 106 and angles of attack varying between −5° and 24°, which are representative for operating conditions in airborne wind energy applications. The resulting force distributions are used to characterize the aerodynamic performance of the wing. We found that a γ − R¯eθ transition model is required to accurately predict the occurrence of stall up to at least Re= 3 × 106. The work highlights similarities with the flow past a two-dimensional LEI airfoil, in particular, with respect to flow transition and its influence on the aerodynamic properties. The computed values of the lift and drag coefficients agree well with in-flight measurements acquired during the traction phase of the LEI wing operation. The simulations show that the three-dimensional flow field exhibits a significant cross flow along the span of the wing.
Do the Banks Comply to GRI guidelines for Sustainable Reporting Practices? Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh

This paper explores the degree and nature of sustainability reporting practices of listed banks in Bangladesh in compliance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. Data are gathered from annual reports through content analysis of 29 banks listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) for the period between 2011 and 2018. Stakeholder and legitimacy theory is the theoretical perspectives underlying the study. The findings of the study revealed that 0% in 2011 and 17.14% in 2018 disclosed sustainability reports in line with GRI. On the other hand, the disclosure of sustainability information trend has increased from 32% in 2011 to 59% in 2018 considering 22 categories of information where most of the banks disclosed the highest information relating to green banking (C7) least information relating to public policy (C19). The major limitations of the study are the size of the sample, only secondary sources of data, and the use of descriptive statistics. The policymakers (Bangladesh Bank, Ministry of finance, commerce, law, and environment), management of the respective organizations, the NGOs, and professional accounting bodies can progress to enact and amend corporate laws for effective sustainability reporting for the public and private entities. This research recognizes the gap of sustainable reporting practices to implement the vision of ‘5 Ps’ (people, prosperity, partnership, peace, and the planet) according to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030.
Improved hydrogen storage performances of LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2 composite with TiF3 addition

This paper studies on the preparation of the alanate‐borohydride combined system, LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2 with diverse molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) using the ball milling technique. The findings show that there is a mutual destabilization between the hydrides where the newly combined system has superior hydrogen storage performances as opposed to the unary components (LiAlH4 and Mg[BH4]2). Analysis on the initial decomposition temperature and isothermal de/hydrogenation kinetics has proven that the 2LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2 system possesses better performance. In an endeavor to ameliorate the performances of the hydrogen storage of 2LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2, the destabilized system was doped with TiF3. Three major steps of desorption were detected during the heating process in the 2LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2 system with and without the addition of TiF3, which are correlated to the decomposition of Mg(AlH4)2, MgH2 and LiBH4. It is found that 2LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2 + 5 wt. % TiF3 has decreased the initial decomposition temperature at about 60°C, which is 55°C lower than the non‐catalyzed 2LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2 system. The isothermal absorption/desorption kinetics of the 2LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2 system have also been enhanced by the addition of TiF3. The activation energy for Mg(AlH4)2‐, MgH2‐, and LiBH4‐relevant decomposition after doped 2LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2 with TiF3 are reduced to 36.5, 23.3, and 17.6 kJ mol−1. Studies on the structural characteristics analysis of the 2LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2 + TiF3 sample hint to the fact that the formation of the MgF2, LiF, TiH2 and Ti‐Al species, during desorption, is the main responsible factor for the observed thermodynamics change of the reactions by modifying the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation pathway. The catalytic role played by TiF3 may have encouraged the interaction between Mg(AlH4)2, MgH2, and LiBH4, further ameliorate the de/hydrogenation of the 2LiAlH4 + Mg(BH4)2 + TiF3 destabilized system.
Ecophysiology of Andropogon grass subjected to different cutting frequencies and intensities

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics, and demographic patterns of Andropogon gayanus subjected to different cutting frequencies and intensities. A completely randomized design was adopted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to three cutting heights (50, 70, and 90 cm), and two cutting intensities (50 and 70%) with four repetitions, totaling 24 plots of 7.50 × 6.25 m. For morphogenesis, there was no interaction effect (P ≤ 0.05) of treatments on stem elongation rate, leaf appearance rate, and phyllochron rate. The highest rate of leaf elongation was observed at a height of 90 cm and cut intensity of 50%, with 1.69 and 0.84 cm tiller-1 d-1 of leaf elongation at heights of 50 and 70 cm, respectively. For forage production, there was no interaction (p > 0.05) between cutting intensity and cutting height. When the pasture was managed to a cutting height of 90 cm, there was a greater increase in dry leaf mass, stalk dry mass, dead forage dry mass, and total dry forage mass, which was 50.89% and 53.29% higher than pasture heights of 50 and 70 cm, respectively. There was no interaction between factors on demographic characteristics (p > 0.05). A cutting height of 70 cm with a cutting intensity of 50% is recommended when handling this grass.
Shale Shocked: Cash Windfalls and Household Debt Repayment

How do persistent cash flow shocks affect debt repayment across the distribution of households? Using individual data on natural gas shale royalty payments matched with credit bureau data for 215,639 consumers, we estimate that individuals repay 33 cents of debt per dollar of windfall, and that initially-subprime individuals repay approximately 5 times more debt than initially-prime individuals do. This difference in debt repayment is driven by changes to revolving debt balances. Finally, we show that debt repayment precedes durable goods consumption, particularly for households who were initially financially constrained. These results shed new light on how deleveraging affects household consumption.
Accuracy in estimating basal areas for forest inventories: comparison of Android-based virtual relascope and Spiegel Relaskop

The potential for using smartphones extends to forest inventory. Several applications allow the estimation of basal areas, transforming the device into a low-cost virtual relascope. The accuracy of the Bitterlich relascope application was analyzed using four low-performance devices. The results were compared with those of a Spiegel Relaskop. The measurements were taken with artificial targets; this increased the discrimination of the results in comparison with tests made by counting trees. To check the accuracy in real field conditions, the Bitterlich relascope application was compared with a Spiegel Relaskop. No significant differences in accuracy were found between the data obtained by the traditional relascope and that obtained by the Android devices, neither for the artificial target nor in field conditions. The obtained biases were also similar between the Spiegel Relaskop and the devices tested. To achieve high-quality measurements with the smartphones, a realistic calibration resembling forest inventory is needed.
Engaging with wheelchair basketball: analyzing viewer attitudes and actions toward ‘the rebound: a wheelchair basketball documentary’

Abstract Film can be used as an educational tool in a number of ways, including being utilized to educate about disability and disability sport. The purpose of this study was to explore attitudes and actions toward disability sport after viewing a documentary film on wheelchair basketball. A convergent mixed method design was utilized for this study, and data were collected through online questionnaires (quantitative) and focus groups (qualitative). Findings revealed that participants’ expectations of disability were transformed by personal stories from within the documentary film. Participants experienced advocacy characteristics such as a desire to educate others, but they were not willing to engage in action. This study shows how film can transform attitudes, but greater facilitation is necessary for full advocacy.
Effect of weather forecast errors on fire growth model projections

Fire management agencies use fire behaviour simulation tools to predict the potential spread of a fire in both risk planning and operationally during wildfires. These models are generally based on underlying empirical or quasi-empirical relations and rarely are uncertainties considered. Little attention has been given to the quality of the input data used during operational fire predictions. We examined the extent to which error in weather forecasts can affect fire simulation results. The study was conducted using data representing the State of Victoria in south-eastern Australia, including grassland and forest conditions. Two fire simulator software packages were used to compare fire growth under observed and forecast weather. We found that error in the weather forecast data significantly altered the predicted size and location of fires. Large errors in wind speed and temperature resulted in an overprediction of fire size, whereas large errors in wind direction resulted in an increased spatial error in the fire’s location. As the fire weather intensified, fire predictions using forecast weather under predicted fire size, potentially resulting in greater risks to the community. These results highlight the importance of on-ground intelligence during wildfires and the use of ensembles to improve operational fire predictions.