Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Lightweight User Authentication Scheme for the Internet of Medical Things

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is used in the medical ecosystem through medical IoT sensors, such as blood glucose, heart rate, temperature, and pulse sensors. To maintain a secure sensor network and a stable IoMT environment, it is important to protect the medical IoT sensors themselves and the patient medical data they collect from various security threats. Medical IoT sensors attached to the patient’s body must be protected from security threats, such as being controlled by unauthorized persons or transmitting erroneous medical data. In IoMT authentication, it is necessary to be sensitive to the following attack techniques. (1) The offline password guessing attack easily predicts a healthcare administrator’s password offline and allows for easy access to the healthcare worker’s account. (2) Privileged-insider attacks executed through impersonation are an easy way for an attacker to gain access to a healthcare administrator’s environment. Recently, previous research proposed a lightweight and anonymity preserving user authentication scheme for IoT-based healthcare. However, this scheme was vulnerable to offline password guessing, impersonation, and privileged insider attacks. These attacks expose not only the patients’ medical data such as blood pressure, pulse, and body temperature but also the patients’ registration number, phone number, and guardian. To overcome these weaknesses, in the present study we propose an improved lightweight user authentication scheme for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). In our scheme, the hash function and XOR operation are used for operation in low-spec healthcare IoT sensor. The automatic cryptographic protocol tool ProVerif confirmed the security of the proposed scheme. Finally, we show that the proposed scheme is more secure than other protocols and that it has 266.48% better performance than schemes that have been previously described in other studies.
Polyamines and ethylene action blocker (STS) effectively augment longevity and postharvest attributes in isolated flowers of Digitalis purpurea L.

The present investigation focused on the study of the exogenous inclusion of anti-senescence biogenic polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and ethylene antagonist silver thiosulphate on flower longevity and postharvest performance in excised flowers of Digitalis purpurea L. At one day before anthesis stage, isolated buds of Digitalis purpurea were transported to the laboratory in distilled water. The samples were divided into five sets with one set of flower buds (i.e., control) held in distilled water. The remaining four sets were respectively supplied with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM of putrescine (PUT), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mM of spermidine (SPD), 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mM of spermine (SPM), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mM of silver thiosulphate (STS). The inclusion of polyamines and STS in holding solutions enhanced the flower longevity of D. purpurea significantly compared to the control. The results indicated that the flower longevity of 14 days was recorded in 0.4 mM of spermine, followed by 13 days in 1 mM PUT, 12.5 days in 0.2 mM SPD and 12 days in 0.2 mM STS. This enhanced flower longevity corroborated with the higher values of soluble proteins, total sugars, floral diameter and membrane stability index. The improved flower longevity was also found to be positively associated with increased activities of various antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and reduced activity of lipoxygenase (LOX). The flowers supplemented with different treatments retained a lower phenolic content than the control. This research concluded that polyamines and STS have a profound impact on the flower longevity of Digitalis flowers. SPM was found to be a more potential polyamine in augmenting the postharvest performance in isolated flowers of D. purpurea.
The origin of the plasma in an electromagnetic shock tube

A pair of electrodes was placed in an electromagnetic shock tube to measure the electric field induced by the flow of an argon plasma through a transverse magnetic field. This investigation suggested that the plasma consisted of two regions, the first of which was non-luminous. Flow velocities, deduced from the variation of induced voltage with electrode separation, were compared with luminous front velocities measured photoelectrically. The first plasma region moved more slowly than the second, and its velocity and duration were consistent with shock-heating. The second region, which was dominant in most, experiments, flowed at the luminous front velocity, and had probably been ejected from the driver discharge. It is proposed that the flow velocity in the second region exceeded that in the first owing to an extensive leakage of gas through the boundary layer at the contact surface.
Breakdown characteristics of high pressure xenon lamps

An investigation of the breakdown of high intensity discharge (HID) lamps filled with xenon at pressures from 0.1 to 5 bar is presented. Three power supplies were used in order to provide voltage rates of increase covering about four orders of magnitude from 5 mV ns−1 to 100 V ns−1, the latter being typical for electronic ballasts driving commercial HID lamps. Customized lamps ensure a volume breakdown between the tungsten tip electrodes of the lamp. Voltage and current waveforms were measured by means of electrical probes and the transient optical radiation was captured by a fast camera system. The breakdown voltage increases with growing pressure and voltage rate up to several 10 kV. Additional UV illumination decreases the breakdown voltage and reduces its mean variation. The experimental results were reproduced with good agreement by a fluid model taking into account the electron energy balance. The model shows an ionization front propagating towards the cathode. The front moves due to continuous field compression and relies on electron avalanches initiated by secondary electrons at the cathode.
Restoring unitarity in the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole

Whether or not a system is unitary can be seen from the way it, if perturbed, relaxes back to equilibrium. The relaxation of a semiclassical black hole can be described in terms of a correlation function which exponentially decays with time. In the momentum space it is represented by an infinite set of complex poles to be identified with the quasinormal modes. This behavior is in sharp contrast to the relaxation in unitary theory in finite volume: the correlation function of the perturbation in this case is a quasiperiodic function of time and, in general, is expected to show the Poincar\'e recurrences. In this paper I demonstrate how restore unitarity in the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole, the simplest example of an eternal black hole in finite volume. I start with reviewing the relaxation in the semiclassical BTZ black hole and how this relaxation is mirrored in the boundary conformal field theory as suggested by the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence. I analyze the sum over $SL(2,\mathbf{Z})$ images of the BTZ space-time and suggest that it does not produce a quasiperiodic relaxation, as one might have hoped, but results in a correlation function which decays by power law. I develop an earlier suggestion and consider a nonsemiclassical deformation of the BTZ space-time that has the structure of a wormhole connecting two asymptotic regions semiclassically separated by a horizon. The small deformation parameter $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is supposed to have a nonperturbative origin to capture the finite $N$ behavior of the boundary theory. The discrete spectrum of perturbation in the modified space-time is computed and is shown to determine the expected unitary behavior: the corresponding time evolution is quasiperiodic with a hierarchy of large time scales $\mathrm{ln}﻿1/\ensuremath{\lambda}$ and $1/\ensuremath{\lambda}$ interpreted, respectively, as the Heisenberg and Poincar\'e time scales in the system.
Three dimensionalization of the stratified mixing layer

A theoretical analysis of the stability of a stratified, two‐dimensional Kelvin–Helmholtz billow against three‐dimensional perturbations is presented. This predicts the three‐dimensional spectrum to be dominated by a shear aligned convective instability, which is localized in the region surrounding the billow core. The results of a direct numerical simulation of the evolution of the three‐dimensional stratified mixing layer fully verify the dominance of this convective mode in the mixing transition. The origin of the streamwise streaks of vorticity, which precede turbulent collapse in a stratified shear layer, is thereby explained.
Time-Frequency Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Power Efficient Communications

We propose a power efficient non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) and device-to-device (D2D) communications. OFDM-based power-domain NOMA (PD-NOMA) is one of the promising approaches to achieve simultaneous connections of massive devices. Nevertheless, the problem of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a major challenge, since power amplifier (PA) efficiency is a critical factor for IoT and D2D devices consisting of low-cost hardware components. This paper overcomes this problem by introducing time-frequency domain NOMA (TF-NOMA), where OFDM and DFT-spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) are superposed over the time-frequency domain. By utilizing the low PAPR property achieved by DFT-precoding, TF-NOMA can efficiently reduce the PAPR of the downlink signal transmitted by the base station (BS) as well as the uplink signals of the devices located far from BS. As a result, the proposed TF-NOMA can operate with higher PA efficiency than the conventional OFDM-based PD-NOMA. Furthermore, the insertion of DFT-precoding with the aim of PAPR reduction also enhances the error propagation resistance due to the resulting Gaussian mixture signal property. Throughout the mathematical analysis and computer simulations, we demonstrate that TF-NOMA achieves better error rate performance than the conventional PD-NOMA with significant improvement of PA efficiency.
Energetic electron beam generation and anisotropy of hard x-ray emission from 0.9 to 1.0 MA high-Z X pinches

An analysis of the energy, spatial character, and temporal evolution of electron beams and hard x rays from 0.9 to 1.0 MA high-Z X pinches is presented. Experimental results from Ti, Fe, Mo, and W X pinches show that X pinches are an effective source of hard x rays with energies greater than 30 keV. Electron beams with energies up to 2 MeV higher than the applied anode-cathode voltage are generated along the pinch axis before the maximum current is reached. The beams have diameters of about 3 mm and generate bursts of hard x rays with sizes between 1 and 2 mm and total time durations of up to 150 ns. The measured 100–500 keV x-ray distribution is spectrally anisotropic. Hard x-ray synchrotron radiation in the side-on direction is proposed as a possible explanation of this anisotropy.
An Experiment on Angular Momentum for the Introductory Laboratory

An experiment for studying the principle of conservation of angular momentum is described. A steel ball, with linear momentum p, moving at a distance r from a fixed shaft, is involved in a completely inelastic collision with a rigid body which is free to rotate about that shaft. The angular momentum r×p of the ball before the collision is compared with that of the rotating system afterwards; agreement within 2% is obtained. The experiment is designed for the introductory course for students majoring in the physical sciences.
Inelastic Displacement Ratios for Seismic Assessment of Structures Subjected to Forward-Directivity Near-Fault Ground Motions

This article presents results of a statistical study focused on evaluating inelastic displacement ratios (i.e., ratio of maximum inelastic displacement with respect to maximum elastic displacement demand) of degrading and non degrading single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems subjected to forward-directivity near-fault ground motions. CR spectra are computed for normalized periods of vibration with respect to the predominant period of the ground motion to provide a better ground motion characterization. This period normalization allows reducing the record-to-record variability in the estimation of CR. An equation to obtain estimates of CR for the seismic assessment of structures exposed to forward-directivity near-fault ground motions is proposed.
Output Synchronization of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems With Resilience to Link and Actuator Attacks: A Fully Distributed Event-Triggered Mechanism

In this article, we propose a distributed resilient control method to solve an output synchronization problem for linear heterogeneous multiagent systems (MASs) in the presence of both link and actuator attacks. A fully distributed event-trigger-based observer is proposed to estimate the state of the leader, where global information is not required and the leader's system matrices are identified in finite time. An intermittent event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is also designed to avoid continuously monitored triggered conditions. For actuator attacks, a compensator, based on a distributed normal state predictor, is developed to recover paralyzed states. Theoretical analysis shows that an MAS steered by our proposed fully distributed adaptive resilient scheme achieves output synchronization, and Zeno-behaviors are excluded. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
Comparison of biomarkers of COVID-19 patients with the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), the delta variant (B.1.617), and no mutation detected

Objectives: We aimed to compare biomarkers of COVID-19 patients with the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7), the Delta variant (B.1.617), and no mutation detected in our study. Methods: A total of 600 patients with positive COVID PCR test and Alpha, Delta variant and no mutation detected with Covid PCR mutation test were included in the study. Troponin I, creatinine, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), fibrinogen, D-dimer, ferritin, number of lymphocytes, lymphocytes (%), platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), trombosite ratio in the blood (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) values were analyzed retrospectively. The age, gender, and hospitalization of the patients were evaluated concurrently. Results: Age, troponin, creatinine, LDH, PLT, MPV, and D-dimer were laboratory parameters that vary significantly with COVID-19 virus mutation. Age, troponin, LDH, and MPV values were lower in patients with Delta variant according to patients with the Alpha variant. Lymphocytes (N) and lymphocytes (%) values were lower in hospitalized patients relative to outpatients while age, troponin, LDH, CRP, and D-dimer values were higher in hospitalized patients than outpatients irrespective of mutation. Creatinine values were higher only in hospitalized patients with no mutation detected while ferritin and fibrinogen values were higher in hospitalized patients with Delta variant and no mutation detected. Conclusions: Age, troponin, creatinine, LDH, PLT, MPV, D-dimer, fibrinogen, ferritin, CRP, lymphocytes (N), and lymphocytes (%) values can guide to evaluate the diagnosis and hospitalization of patients with future different mutations.
The Asymmetry Parameter of Cirrus Clouds Composed of Hollow Bullet Rosette–Shaped Ice Crystals from Ray-Tracing Calculations

Abstract Cirrus clouds in the midlatitude and Arctic regions are often composed of bullet rosette–shaped ice crystals. Bullet rosette–shaped ice crystals are composed of a number of bullets radiating from a central point. The bullets that make up the rosette will grow to be hollow in some conditions. To understand better the radiative impact of cirrus clouds, the authors have used a ray-tracing code to calculate the scattering properties of solid and hollow bullet rosettes at visible wavelengths. Results show that hollow bullet rosettes exhibit a broader forward-scattering peak than do solid bullet rosettes. This difference results in an asymmetry parameter that is as much as 0.08 lower for hollow bullet rosettes than for solid rosettes. The effective asymmetry parameter of spheres with the same particle volume and total surface area of the bullet rosettes has also been calculated. Asymmetry parameter estimates for equivalent spheres were similar to those calculated using the ray tracing. Asymmetry parame.
Do Breaking Mountain Waves Deceierate the Local Mean Flow

Abstract Numerical simulations are examined in order to determine the local mean flow response to the generation, propagation, and breakdown of two-dimensional mountain waves. Realistic and idealized cases are considered, and in all instances the pressure drag exerted by flow across an O(40 km) wide mountain fails to produced a significant net mean flow deceleration in the O(400 km) region surrounding the mountain. The loss of momentum in the local patches of decelerated flow that appear in regions of wave overturning directly above the mountain is approximately compensated by momentum gained in other nearby patches of accelerated flow. The domain-average mean flow deceleration in the O(400 km) domain is not determined solely by the divergence of the horizontally averaged momentum flux, 〈ρ¯u′w′〉, because differences in the upstream and downstream values of ρu2+p provide nontrivial contributions to the total domain-averaged momentum budget. As confirmed by additional simulations in an O(1000 km) wide perio.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Machine Learning for Biomarker Development

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the in vivo imaging of pathological white matter alterations, either with unbiased voxel-wise or hypothesis-guided tract-based analysis. Alterations of diffusion metrics are indicative of the cerebral status of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the individual level. Using machine learning (ML) models to analyze complex and high-dimensional neuroimaging data sets, new opportunities for DTI-based biomarkers in ALS arise. This review aims to summarize how different ML models based on DTI parameters can be used for supervised diagnostic classifications and to provide individualized patient stratification with unsupervised approaches in ALS. To capture the whole spectrum of neuropathological signatures, DTI might be combined with additional modalities, such as structural T1w 3-D MRI in ML models. To further improve the power of ML in ALS and enable the application of deep learning models, standardized DTI protocols and multi-center collaborations are needed to validate multimodal DTI biomarkers. The application of ML models to multiparametric MRI/multimodal DTI-based data sets will enable a detailed assessment of neuropathological signatures in patients with ALS and the development of novel neuroimaging biomarkers that could be used in the clinical workup.
A renormalization group scaling analysis for compressible two-phase flow

Computational solutions to the Rayleigh–Taylor fluid mixing problem, as modeled by the two‐fluid two‐dimensional Euler equations, are presented. Data from these solutions are analyzed from the point of view of Reynolds averaged equations, using scaling laws derived from a renormalization group analysis. The computations, carried out with the front tracking method on an Intel iPSC/860, are highly resolved and statistical convergence of ensemble averages is achieved. The computations are consistent with the experimentally observed growth rates for nearly incompressible flows. The dynamics of the interior portion of the mixing zone is simplified by the use of scaling variables. The size of the mixing zone suggests fixed‐point behavior. The profile of statistical quantities within the mixing zone exhibit self‐similarity under fixed‐point scaling to a limited degree. The effect of compressibility is also examined. It is found that, for even moderate compressibility, the growth rates fail to satisfy universal s.
Microfacies analysis of the Palaeocene Lockhart limestone on the eastern margin of the Upper Indus Basin (Pakistan): Implications for the depositional environment and reservoir characteristics

A detailed sedimentological analysis of the Palaeocene Lockhart Limestone has been conducted to evaluate the depositional environment, diagenetic processes and hydrocarbon potential of the eastern margin of the Upper Indus Basin. From bottom to top, there are three microfacies recorded. The lower microfacies, composed of fine‐grained micrite and some diagenetic dolomite, reflect the low energy and calm palaeo‐current in the shallower section (1–2 m) of the inner shelf close to shore. The middle microfacies contain algae that suggest 5–15 m of water depth, especially along the inner‐middle shelf, but fractured and mixed bioclasts in micrite material indicate calm to moderately active water close to the wave base. Progressing from the lower microfacies to the middle microfacies, a gradual shift from orthochem to allochem components is observed. The top microfacies is dominated by massive benthic microfossils, indicating moderate energy‐water conditions with normal salinity. However, the presence of limestone intraclasts surrounded by microspar, miliolids and nummulites at the top indicates a high‐energy environment with increasing salinity and water depths from 20 to 130 m. These findings show that the Lockhart Limestone was deposited in a shallow shelf environment, spanning the inner‐mid shelf. Diagenetic processes observed include micritisation, cementation, dissolution, replacement, physical and chemical compaction, and fracture filling by calcite cement. The Lockhart Limestone represents a deepening upward sequence deposited below the shelf margin system tract and highstand systems tract in a regressive environment that could reflect good reservoir characteristics, has the potential to serve as an excellent hydrocarbon reservoir rock, and could be a primary target for future hydrocarbon exploration.
Loss aversion and scale compatibility in two-attribute trade-offs

This paper studies two important explanations of why people violate procedure invariance: loss aversion and scale compatibility. The paper extends previous research by studying loss aversion and scale compatibility simultaneously and in a quantitative manner, by looking at a new decision domain, medical decision making, and by using an experimental design that is less conducive to violations of procedure invariance. We find significant evidence both of loss aversion and of scale compatibility. The effects of loss aversion and scale compatibility are not constant but vary over trade-offs and most participants do not behave consistently according to loss aversion or scale compatibility. In particular, the effect of loss aversion in medical trade-offs decreases with life duration. The rejection of constant loss aversion and constant scale compatibility is discouraging for attempts to model loss aversion and scale compatibility. The findings are encouraging for utility measurement and prescriptive decision analysis that seeks to avoid the effects of loss aversion and scale compatibility. The data suggest that there exist decision contexts in which the effects of loss aversion and scale compatibility can be minimized and that utilities can be measured that are unaffected by their impact.