Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Giving and receiving advice in computer-mediated peer response activities

In synchronous computer-mediated contexts, peer-to-peer interaction at the micro-level has received little scrutiny.1 In applying a conversation analysis approach, this study scrutinizes the precise nature of peer-to-peer advice giving and receiving. In this process, an advice giver can be viewed at certain moments as more competent to evaluate a recipient’s essay and to provide advice, while the recipient can be positioned as being less knowledgeable. Therefore, the present study focuses on the following research question: How did advice givers and recipients mange the asymmetrical participant roles inherent in L2 peer response? More specifically, this study explores the relationship between institutional roles and social relationships during advising episodes by investigating three single cases of dyadic pairs in an ESL university writing classroom. We show the ambiguity arising in interactions as novice advice givers attempt to balance criticism with the maintenance of harmonious interpersonal relationships, offering compliments rather than straightforward advice.
Preliminary interpretation of Titan plasma interaction as observed by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer: Comparisons with Voyager 1

The Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) instrument observed the plasma environment at Titan during the Cassini orbiter's TA encounter on October 26, 2004. Titan was in Saturn's magnetosphere during the Voyager 1 flyby and also during the TA encounter. CAPS measurements from this encounter are compared with measurements made by the Voyager 1 Plasma Science Instrument (PLS). The comparisons focus on the composition and nature of ambient and pickup ions. They lead to: A) the major ion components of Saturn's magnetosphere in the vicinity of Titan are H+, H2+ and O+/CH4+ ions; B) finite gyroradius effects are apparent in ambient O+ ions as the result of their absorption by Titan's extended atmosphere; C) the principal pickup ions are composed of H+, H2+, N+/CH2+, CH4+, and N2+; D) the pickup ions are in narrow energy ranges; and E) there is clear evidence of the slowing down of background ions due to pickup ion mass loading.
Multi-wavelength torus–jet model for Sagittarius A*

Context. The properties of the accretion/ejection flow surrounding the supermassive central black hole of the Galaxy Sgr A* will be scrutinized by the new-generation instrument GRAVITY and the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Developing fast, robust, and simple models of such flows is therefore important and very timely. Aims. We want to model the quiescent emission of Sgr A* from radio to mid-infrared wavelengths, using thermal and nonthermal synchrotron. The radiation is emitted by the overlay of a magnetized compact torus close to the black hole, and a large-scale magnetized jet. We compare model spectra and images to the multi-wavelength observable constraints available to date. We simulate EHT observations at 1.3 mm of the best-fit model for different inclinations. methods. We use a simple analytic description for the geometry of the torus and jet. We model their emission by thermal synchrotron and κ-distribution synchrotron, respectively. We use relativistic ray tracing to compute simulated spectra and images, restricting our analysis to the Schwarzschild (zero spin) case. A best-fit is found by adjusting the simulated spectra to the latest observed data, and we check the consistency of our spectral best fits with the radio-image sizes and infrared spectral index constraints. We use the open-source eht-imaging library to generate EHT-reconstructed images. Results. We find perfect spectral fit ( χred2 ≈ 1) both for nearly face-on and nearly edge-on views. These best fits give parameter values very close to those found by the most recent numerical simulations, which are much more complex than our model. The intrinsic radio size of Sgr A* is found to be in reasonable agreement with the centimetric observed constraints. Our best-fit infrared spectral index is in perfect agreement with the latest constraints. Our emission region at 1.3 mm, although larger than the early-EHT Gaussian best fit, does contain bright features at the ≲40 μas scale. EHT-reconstructed images show that torus/jet-specific features persist after the reconstruction procedure, and that these features are sensitive to inclination. Conclusions. The main interest of our model is to provide a simple and fast model of the quiescent state of Sgr A*, which gives extremely similar results to those of state-of-the-art numerical simulations. Our model is easy to use and we publish all the material necessary to reproduce our spectra and images, meaning that anyone interested can use our results relatively straightforwardly. We hope that such a public tool will be useful in the context of the recent and near-future GRAVITY and EHT results.
Markers of Marijuana Use Outcomes Within Adolescent Substance Abuse Group Treatment

Objectives: Despite their popularity, little is known about what distinguishes effective from ineffective or even iatrogenic adolescent group interventions. Methods: Audio recordings and transcripts from 19, 8—10 session, school-based treatment groups comprised of 108, substance abusing 10- to 19-year olds were analyzed. Group leader empathy was measured globally, while two new constructs, group commitment and peer response, were measured using discourse analysis. All variables were measured at the group level. Results: Associations among these process variables were tested and supported, as were the hypothesized associations between both group member language constructs and marijuana use outcomes. Conclusions: These findings were consistent with a proposed theoretical model in which group commitment and peer response predict marijuana use outcomes and mediate the effects of group leader empathy. These observable, in-session, verbal behaviors could distinguish whether adolescents in a group intervention will decrease, maintain, or possibly increase the targeted behavior and are likely influenced by group leader empathy.
Competing through cooperation: Standard setting in wireless telecommunications

This study examines cooperative standard-setting in wireless telecommunications. Focusing on the competition among firms to influence formal standardization, the roles of standard-setting committees, private alliances, and technical consortia are highlighted. The empirical context is Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), an international standards development organization. Panel data analyses suggest that participation in external technical consortia significantly enhance firms contributions to the development of new specifications in 3GPP committees. Then, once a firm has become a central player in technical committees, it can further influence the standard-setting outcome through change requests to ongoing specifications. External alliances with fellow 3GPP members may also improve change request success. These results suggest that if firms in network technological industries want to influence the evolution of their industry, they should identify both formal standard-setting committees and external cooperative arrangements in which they can discuss, negotiate, and align positions on technical features with their peers. For policymakers, these results suggest that it is important to ensure that technical consortia remain open for all industry actors and that membership fees do not become prohibitive to small and resource-constraint players.
Pullout Behavior of Steel Fibers in Self-Compacting Concrete

In steel fiber-reinforced composites materials, fiber and matrix are bonded together through a weak interface. The study of this interfacial behavior is important for understanding the mechanical behavior of such composites. Moreover, with the outcome of new composites materials with improved mechanical properties and advanced cement matrices, such in the case of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete, the study of the fiber/matrix interface assumes a new interest. In the present work, experimental results of both straight and hooked-end steel fibers pullout tests on a self-compacting concrete medium are presented and discussed. Emphasis is given to the accurate acquirement of the pullout load versus end-slip relationship. The influence of fiber embedded length and orientation on the fiber pullout behavior is studied. Additionally, the separate assessment of the distinct bond mechanisms is performed, by isolating the adherence bond from the mechanical bond provided by the hook. Finally, analytical bond-slip relationships are obtained by back-analysis procedure with an interfacial cohesive model.
Contextual Interference Effect in Bandwidth and Self-Control Feedback Conditions on Relative and Absolute Timing Learning

This study aims to better understand the effect of practice schedule and feedback providing types. In two separate experiments the contextual interference effect in bandwidth and self-control feedback conditions on relative and absolute timing learning was examined. In experiment I, the effect of contextual interference using bandwidth and self-control feedback on absolute timing learning (parameters) was studied. Results in the acquisition test showed the performance of blocked self-control and bandwidth groups were significantly better than other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in retention and transfer tests (P>0.05). In experiment II, the effects of contextual interference with using a bandwidth and self-control feedback on relative timing learning (GMP) were studied. In retention and transfer tests, the performance of random self-control and bandwidth groups was significantly different to the other groups (P<0.05). The performance of self-control feedback groups in both experiments was better than bandwidth feedback groups (P<0.05) in all stages. The results of this study reveal the beneficial effect of self-control feedback on relative timing (GMP) rather than absolute timing (parameter) learning and supported the theoretical separation of this processes.
The good enough mother under social vulnerability conditions

The present qualitative study aims to understand the affective and emotional attitudes that support the maternal experience in precarious conditions by articulating the maternal ideals of socially vulnerable women through the Winnicottian concept of the good enough mother. We used a procedure called Interactive Narrative to facilitate a less defensive and more ludic approach to the studied theme and invited women sheltered in an institution for pregnant and puerperal women to complete a story that had been written by the researcher. In the second stage, we formed a discussion group to gain insight into participants' conceptions of motherhood. The material produced was analyzed as a collective production so that we could identify underlying affective and emotional aspects of the group's imaginative elaborations about motherhood in precarious conditions. Feelings of helplessness, abandonment and loneliness were as present in the narrative productions as the idea that having a child creates opportunities for the development of maternal capabilities.
ZONATION IN THE ROOT APICAL MERISTEM OF SOME ANGIOSPERMS

Water is one of the most essential natural resource for existence of life on this planet. With increasing The zonation and behavior of root apical meristem was studied in 8 plant species viz. Brassica juncea (L.), Linum usitatissimum (L.), Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.), Cicer arietinum (L.), Pisum sativum (L.), Cucumis callosus (Rottl.), Coriandrum sativum (L.) and Helianthus annuus (L.) at embroyonal, seedling and mature stages. On the basis of arrangement and behavior of stelar and columella initials and their immediate derivatives at the root pole, the apical organization is broadly categorized into type I with discrete initials for six zones at the root pole and the type II with common group of initials with hemispherical or quadrangular to rectangular shapes of cells. The seedling root apices showed a process of secondary columella formation by the process of “opening out” in all the species. The growing root apices of all the eight species showed lighter stained cells region constituting “quiescent centre”.
A Mediator Approach to Mechanism Design with Limited Commitment

We study the role of information structures in mechanism design problems with limited commitment. In each period, a principal offers a ''spot'' contract to a privately informed agent without committing to future spot contracts, and the agent responds to the contract. In contrast to the classical approach in which the information structure is fixed, we allow for all admissible information structures. We represent the information structure as a fictitious mediator and re-interpret the model as a mechanism design problem by the mediator with commitment. The mediator collects the agent's private information and then, in each period, privately recommends the principal's spot contract and the agent's response in an incentive-compatible manner (both in truth-telling and obedience). We construct several examples to clarify why new equilibrium outcomes can arise once we allow for general information structures. We next develop a durable-good monopoly application. We show that trading outcomes and welfare consequences can substantially differ from those in the classical model with a fixed information structure. In the seller-optimal mechanism, the seller offers a discounted price to the high-valuation buyer only in the initial period, followed by the high, surplus-extracting price until some endogenous deadline, when the buyer's information is revealed and hence fully extracted. As a result, the Coase conjecture fails: even in the limiting case of perfect patience, the seller makes a positive surplus, and the trading outcome is not the first best. We also characterize mediated and unmediated implementation of the seller-optimal outcome. Full paper available at https://papers.ssrn. com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=4116543.
Does Technical or Strategic HRM Provide a Better Explanation of Organization Performance

This study is to examine the ability of technical HRM versus strategic HRM in predicting organizational performance in the health care industry. A postal survey was distributed to the HR managers of all the hospitals in Taiwan, with a response rate of 56%. Hierarchical regression analyses were based on data from the 277 responding hospitals. From the result, we found that technical HRM is more important in explaining perceived organizational performance, and strategic HRM is better at predicting human capital accumulation. Technical HRM does not moderate the relationship between strategic HRM and perceived organizational performance, but it does moderate HR strategy and human capital accumulation.
Stata Tip 87: Interpretation of Interactions in Nonlinear Models

When estimating a non-linear model such as [R] logit or [R] poisson, we often have two options when it comes to interpreting the regression coefficients: compute some form of marginal effect; or exponentiate the coefficients, which will give us an odds ratio or incidence-rate ratio. The marginal effect is an approximation of how much the dependent variable is expected to increase or decrease for a unit change in an explanatory variable: that is, the effect is presented on an additive scale. The exponentiated coefficients give the ratio by which the dependent variable changes for a unit change in an explanatory variable: that is, the effect is presented on a multiplicative scale. An extensive overview is given by Long and Freese (2006). Sometimes we are also interested in how the effect of one variable changes when another variable changes, namely, the interaction effect. As there is more than one way in which we can define an effect in a non-linear model, there must also be more than one way in which we can define an interaction effect. This tip deals with how to interpret these interaction effects when we want to present effects as odds ratios or incidence-rate ratios. This can be an attractive alternative to interpreting interactions effects in terms of marginal effects.
Agency and Anxiety

In this paper, we introduce the psychological concept of anxiety into agency theory. An important benchmark in the anxiety literature is the inverted-U hypothesis, which states that an increase in anxiety improves performance when anxiety is low, but reduces it when anxiety is high. We show that the inverted-U hypothesis is consistent with evidence that high-powered incentives can reduce the agent's optimal effort and expected performance. In equilibrium, however, a profit-maximizing principal never offers such counterproductive incentives. We also show that the inverted-U hypothesis can explain empirical anomalies related to monitoring, the informativeness principle, and the risk–reward tradeoff.
Elaborating the phase diagram of spin-1 anyonic chains

We revisit the phase diagram of spin-1 $su(2)_k$ anyonic chains, originally studied by Gils {\it et. al.} [Phys. Rev. B, {\bf 87} (23) (2013)]. These chains possess several integrable points, which were overlooked (or only briefly considered) so far. Exploiting integrability through a combination of algebraic techniques and exact Bethe ansatz results, we establish in particular the presence of new first order phase transitions, a new critical point described by a $Z_k$ parafermionic CFT, and of even more phases than originally conjectured. Our results leave room for yet more progress in the understanding of spin-1 anyonic chains.
Can We Still Benefit from International Diversification? The Case of the Czech and German Stock Markets

One of the findings of the recent literature is that the 2008 financial crisis caused a reduction in international diversification benefits. To fully understand the potential of diversification, we build an empirical model which combines generalized autoregressive score copula functions with high-frequency data and allows us to capture and forecast the conditional time-varying joint distribution of stock returns. Using this novel methodology and fresh data covering five years after the crisis, we compute the conditional diversification benefits to answer the question of whether it is still interesting for an international investor to diversify. As diversification tools, we consider the Czech PX and the German DAX broad stock indices, and we find that the diversification benefits strongly vary over the 2008–2013 crisis years.
VIABILITY OF FORAGE SORGHUM INTEGRATION IN OIL PALM PLANTING AREA FOR PRODUCTION OF LIVESTOCK FODDER

Forage sorghum has great potential to be integrated with oil palm as a fodder source for ruminant livestock. However, there was no study conducted on the suitability of forage sorghum cultivation in oil palm agriculture. Hence, the primary goals of this study were to investigate the suitability of several forage sorghum varieties integrated into the oil palm planting area and how they affect the oil palm yield. Five varieties of forage sorghum, i.e., Superdan, Jumbo, Pacific BMR, Sugargraze and BMR Revolution obtained from Australia were used in this study. The field trials were carried out at five locations, i.e., Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Kluang Research Station, MPOB Keratong Research Station, MPOB Teluk Intan Research Station, MPOB Lahad Datu Research Station and Ladang MAAH KLIA. The trials were laid down in a randomised complete block design (RCBD). Each plot was 7 m × 4 m (28 m2) in size with four replicates (20 plots). Seeds were manually dibbled into 70 cm × 20 cm bands. One planting season of forage sorghum took almost six months to complete with four harvesting rounds. Two rounds of planting can be carried out in one year depending on the climatic condition. Results of the study indicated that forage sorghum grew well in the double avenue oil palm planting area. Sugargraze variety produced the highest fresh and dry fodder weight at all trial locations except MPOB/MAAH plantation. It was followed by BMR Revolution as the second highest fodder producer. The highest estimated dry fodder yield was 18.23 t ha–1 season–1 for Sugargraze variety and 12.97 t ha–1 season–1 for BMR Revolution. In terms of nutritional values, total digestible nutrient (TDN) values ranged from 57.00%-63.93% for all five varieties. This study also revealed that forage sorghum planting in the double avenue oil palm planting area did not affect the oil palm yield. The gross and net revenue of fresh fodder production were RM18 840 ha–1 and RM7680 ha–1, respectively. A total monthly income of RM1317 ha–1 can be generated by forage sorghum and oil palm integration. Thus, the integration of forage sorghum in the double avenue oil palm planting area is technically and economically viable for adoption to optimise land use, diversify the income stream of oil palm growers and lend support to ensure the sustainability of Malaysia's livestock industry.
Long-time-scale dynamics of spin textures in a degenerate F=1 87 Rb spinor Bose gas

We investigate the long-term dynamics of spin textures prepared by cooling unmagnetized spinor gases of F=1 {sup 87}Rb to quantum degeneracy, observing domain coarsening and a strong dependence of the equilibration dynamics on the quadratic Zeeman shift q. For small values of |q|, the textures arrive at a configuration independent of the initial spin-state composition, characterized by large length-scale spin domains and the establishment of easy-axis (negative q) or easy-plane (positive q) magnetic anisotropy. For larger |q|, equilibration is delayed as the spin-state composition of the degenerate spinor gas remains close to its initial value. These observations support the mean-field equilibrium phase diagram predicted for a ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate and also illustrate that equilibration is achieved under a narrow range of experimental settings, making the F=1 {sup 87}Rb gas more suitable for studies of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics.
How Effective Are Monetary Incentives to Vote? Evidence From a Nationwide Policy

We study voters’ response to marginal changes to the fine for electoral abstention in Peru, leveraging variation from a nationwide reform. A smaller fine has a robust, negative effect on voter turnout, partly through irregular changes in voter registration. However, representation is largely unaffected, as most of the lost votes are blank or invalid. We also show that the effect of an exemption from compulsory voting is substantially larger than that of a full fine reduction, suggesting that nonmonetary incentives are the main drivers behind the effectiveness of compulsory voting. (JEL D72, K16, O17)
Uncertainty in a model with credit frictions 9

Are uncertainty shocks, transmitted through financial frictions and nominal rigidities, a major source of business cycle fluctuations? This paper studies the effect of a mean preserving shock to the variance of aggregate total factor productivity (macro uncertainty) and to the dispersion of entrepreneurs’ idiosyncratic productivity (micro uncertainty) in a financial accelerator DSGE model with sticky prices. The time series properties of macro and micro uncertainty are estimated using U.S. aggregate and firm-level data. We find that micro uncertainty shocks can account for a non-trivial share of output volatility, while macro uncertainty shocks do not. Both the degree of price stickiness and the severity of the credit friction can amplify the transmission of micro uncertainty shocks.