Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate module induced brain network construction for mild cognitive impairment identification with functional MRI

Introduction Functional brain networks (FBNs) estimated from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data has become a potentially useful way for computer-aided diagnosis of neurological disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Currently, Pearson's correlation (PC) is the most widely-used method for constructing FBNs. Despite its popularity and simplicity, the conventional PC-based method usually results in dense networks where regions-of-interest (ROIs) are densely connected. This is not accordance with the biological prior that ROIs may be sparsely connected in the brain. To address this issue, previous studies proposed to employ a threshold or l_1-regularizer to construct sparse FBNs. However, these methods usually ignore rich topology structures, such as modularity that has been proven to be an important property for improving the information processing ability of the brain. Methods To this end, in this paper, we propose an accurate module induced PC (AM-PC) model to estimate FBNs with a clear modular structure, by including sparse and low-rank constraints on the Laplacian matrix of the network. Based on the property that zero eigenvalues of graph Laplacian matrix indicate the connected components, the proposed method can reduce the rank of the Laplacian matrix to a pre-defined number and obtain FBNs with an accurate number of modules. Results To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we use the estimated FBNs to classify subjects with MCI from healthy controls. Experimental results on 143 subjects from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) with resting-state functional MRIs show that the proposed method achieves better classification performance than previous methods.
Effects of Clomiphene Citrate Versus Letrozole on Semen Count and Motility in Men with Oligoasthenozoospermia in Osogbo, South- Western Nigeria: A Randomised Study

Background: Infertility is a major cause of socio-emotional and psychological burden world-wide and nearly half of all cases of infertility were as a result of male partner’s related factors of which oligoasthenozoospermia is a major contributor. Currently, different treatments have been developed to manage this deficiency and improve semen parameters but no substantial results have been documented. Aims: This study therefore aims at evaluating the effects of clomiphene citrate versus letrozole on semen count and motility in men with oligoasthenozoospermia in Osogbo, south-western Nigeria Study Design: A randomized control study carried out at the gynaecology clinic of LAUTECH teaching hospital, State specialist hospital and Ayomide Women’s Health Specialist Hospital and IVF Centre Osogbo, Osun State. Methodology: One hundred and forty (140) participants were randomized into the letrozole group and the clomiphene citrate group, with 70 participants in each arm of the study. The outcome measure includes the improvement in sperm concentration and motility (assessed at 4 and 8 weeks) following 3 months of alternate day administration of clomiphene citrate and letrozole by the participants. The study compared the improvement in semen concentration and motility following administration of Clomiphene citrate versus Letrozole among men with oligoasthenozoospermia. Data collected were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Statistics (SPSS-21) software and the level of significance was set at < 0.05. Results: Letrozole and clomiphene caused significant improvement in sperm motility and concentration with letrozole having higher improvement in both sperm concentration and motility when compared to clomiphene citrate. There was 43.65% increased sperm concentration at 4 weeks and 48.24% increased at 8 weeks post-treatment in the letrozole group, while increased sperm concentration of 17.68% at 4 weeks post-treatment and 26.27% increment at 8 weeks post-treatment in the clomiphene citrate group was observed. Also, there was 33.24% increased sperm motility at 4 weeks and 42.09% at 8 weeks post-treatment in the letrozole group, and 14.30% increased sperm motility at 4 weeks and18.56% at 8 weeks post-treatment. Conclusion: Sperm concentration and motility in men with oligoasthenozoospermiacan be improved with Letrozole and clomiphene citrate. Higher effect was observed in Letrizole group compared to clomiphene.
Frequency-Domain Modal Analysis of the Oscillatory Stability of Power Systems With High-Penetration Renewables

The increasing penetration of renewables into modern power systems is bringing new oscillatory stability concerns. It is of significance to find all oscillatory modes concerned and evaluate components’ participation into each mode, especially the dominant one. To address this issue, a frequency-domain modal analysis method is developed in this paper. It represents the target system with a networked impedance model and works out the oscillatory modes by locating the zeros of the determinant of the loop impedance matrix or nodal admittance matrix. Loop/nodal participation factors, branch observability, and component sensitivity are derived to give insight into the oscillation, including its origin, oscillation path, and contributive components. The proposed method has been conducted on a simple passive circuit and a practical wind power system that experienced actual subsynchronous resonance incidents. Theoretical results as well as electromagnetic transient simulations have verified its effectiveness. The proposed method has the potential to analyze very large power systems with high penetration of renewables.
Magnitude and Factors Associated with Ambulance Service Utilization Among Women Who Gave Birth at Public Health Institutions in Central Ethiopia

Background Effective and well-organized ambulance services system forms the link between household and health facility for providing basic or comprehensive emergency obstetric care. Therefore, the establishment of a strong ambulance services network across the country based on evidences from local study is necessary for the improvement of ambulance service utilization among mothers who gave birth. This study aimed to assess magnitude and factors associated with ambulance service utilization among women who gave birth at public health institutions in central Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study supplemented by a qualitative method was employed. Data were collected via face-to-face interview. A simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with ambulance services utilization, and variables with a p-value <0.25 were entered in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI and a P-value <0.05 were used to declare statistically significant associations. Results Among study participants, only 214 (46%) utilized ambulance service. Mother who had no formal education (AOR=0.03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.07]), husband who completed primary school and above (AOR=7.03, 95% CI [1.83, 27.16]), rural residence (AOR=2.27, 95% CI [1.11, 4.65]), decision maker to get ambulance service (AOR=0.03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.07]), multigravida (AOR=4.8, 95% CI [2.48, 9.34]), having ambulance phone number (AOR=0.36, 95% CI [0.19, 0.68]), antenatal care attendance (AOR=0.07, 95% CI [0.04, 0.16]), and having discussion with health extension worker (AOR=0.14, 95% CI [0.084, 0.24]) were significantly associated with ambulance service utilization. Conclusion The magnitude of ambulance service utilization was low. Hence, health sector should improve the awareness of pregnant mothers on benefit of ambulance utilization through provision of information. Health care providers should provide antenatal services for pregnant mothers as early as possible.
Chronic subjective dizziness among an aging population is associated with amyloid positron emission tomography and neuropsychiatric symptoms

Abstract Objectives. Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is widely believed to be driven by the Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. A relationship between Aβ deposition and objective measures of vestibular function in cognitively intact older adults with peripheral vestibular disorders had gained previous attention; however, no significant relationship between the two was observed. The aim of this study was to examine the association between chronic subjective dizziness (CSD) and Aβ deposition among older adults who are at risk of AD. Methods. The study included 5707 participants without dementia, enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Ageing with reported dizziness, neuropsychological and cognitive evaluations, and brain imaging at baseline and for every 15-months. Results. A total of 924 ageing adults reported dizziness at baseline. The estimated risk of developing CSD at 10-year was 49%. The CSD group is twice likely to have elevated Aβ deposition (HR = 2.23; p ≤ .001) compared to the control group. After controlling for demographic and other risk factors, CSD was significantly associated with Aβ deposition [HR = 1.8, p ≤ . 001]. The status of neuropsychiatric symptoms plays a significant role in this association [HR = 1.0, p ≤ . 001]. Conclusion. CSD was associated with Aβ deposition in older adults who are at risk of AD including those without dementia and cognitively unimpaired individuals, and modestly more significant cognitive decline during follow-up. The status of neuropsychiatric symptoms plays a significant role in this association. Screening for and appropriately managing CSD as a risk factor for AD may be warranted.
Economic burden of malaria in Burundian children: An evidence for disease management in resource limited settings

In Burundi, malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five. This results in high clinical burden of the disease; however, its economic burden remains unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden associated with malaria in Burundi and explore the factors that can affect the costs. This study was a prospective incidence-based cost-of-illness study analysed from the societal perspective. The study included children aged under five years with malaria infection, who visited and received treatment at any of the two study health facilities in the period of November to December 2019. Data collection was done by reviewing medical and financial records and by interviewing caregivers of the patients. Micro-costing approach was used to estimate the economic costs of malaria per episode. The cost was presented in international dollars (Int$) for the year 2019. Stepwise multiple linear regression method was applied to examine the factors affecting the costs and to generate a cost model. Eighty-five children with the average age of 29 months were included in the study. Most of them (70.5%) were treated as in-patient. The out-patient visits costed Int$23.5, while the in-patient hospitalization costed Int$218.2. The types of medical services, health facilities, antimalarials used, and duration of fever before seeking appropriate medical care were found to affect the costs. The model indicates that up to Int$18.76 can be saved per malaria episode if treated early (in less than 2 days). This can save up to Int$24,257,748 per year at national level. This study demonstrated that malaria is associated with a considerable economic burden in Burundi. It will support decision makers in deciding an appropriate clinical management for malaria prevention like the community case management program.
Fast ion generation by a picosecond high-power laser

Recent progress in ultrashort-pulse high-power laser technology has resulted in the production of extremely high light intensities approaching 10 20 W/cm 2 . The great non-linear forces generated by the laser pulse during its interaction with plasma can be used to accelerate electrons and ions to energies from hundreds of keV to hundreds of MeV over distances of only microns. This creates the prospect of construction of compact laser-based particle accelerators and their application in material science, medicine, nuclear physics, and inertial confinement fusion. In this paper, the results of our recent studies on fast ion generation in plasma produced by an intense 1-ps laser pulse, performed using the terawatt Nd:glass laser at Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM) in Warsaw, are briefly reviewed. The properties of fast proton beams generated from thin foil targets of various structures as well as the heavy ion fluxes emitted from massive high-Z targets are discussed. The possibility of producing picosecond ion beams of ultrahigh ion current densities (> 10 10 A/cm 2 close to the target) is considered. The most important features of fast ion generation in the plasmas produced by ultrashort (1 ps) and long (0.5 ns) laser pulses are also compared.
How Have Divergent Global Emission Trends Influenced Long‐Range Transported Ozone to North America?

Several locations across the United States in noncompliance with the national standard for ground‐level ozone (O3) are thought to have sizable influences from distant extra‐regional emission sources or natural stratospheric O3, which complicate the design of local emission control measures. To quantify the amount of long‐range‐transported O3 (LRT O3), its origin, and change over time, we conduct and analyze detailed sensitivity calculations characterizing the response of O3 to emissions from different source regions across the Northern Hemisphere in conjunction with multidecadal simulations of tropospheric O3 distributions and changes. Model calculations show that the amount of O3 at any location attributable to sources outside North America varies both spatially and seasonally. On a seasonal‐mean basis, during 1990–2010, LRT O3 attributable to international sources steadily increased by 0.06–0.2 ppb yr−1 at locations across the United States and arose from superposition of unequal and contrasting trends in individual source‐region contributions, which help inform attribution of the trend evident in O3 measurements. Contributions of emissions from Europe steadily declined through 2010, while those from Asian emissions increased and remained dominant. Steadily rising NOx emissions from international shipping resulted in increasing contributions to LRT O3, comparable to those from Asian emissions in recent years. Central American emissions contribute a significant fraction of LRT O3 in southwestern United States. In addition to the LRT O3 attributable to emissions outside of North America, background O3 across the continental United States is composed of a sizable and spatially variable fraction that is of stratospheric origin (29%–78%).
Plant population and nutrient needs of baby corn (Zea mays L.)hybrids

HM 4 plant population level of 83,333 plants/ha and the nutrient level of N187.5P32. 75K62.5 recorded more baby corn yields with and without husk and green fodder yield. HM 4 also noticed more brix value than PEHM 2. Reduction in cob protein was noticed with increase in plant population from 66,666 to 83,333 plants/ha. Increasing plant population from 66,666 to 83,333 plants/ha considerably reduced available N, P and K contents in soil. However, contents of all these nutrients improved with each increase in nutrient levels from control to the highest dose of NPK. N, P and K uptake in baby corn and fodder was found maximum with application of N187.5P32. 75K62.5 kg/ha. The net returns remained more with HM 4 and 83,333 plants/ha. There was substantial improvement in net returns with each increase in nutrient levels.
One‐stop molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma using comprehensive next‐generation sequencing

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of molecular classification using only comprehensive next‐generation sequencing‐based techniques and its relationship with survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer. Paired tumor‐normal sequencing data of 1021 cancer‐related genes using tumor tissues or peripheral blood samples and clinical data were retrospectively collected from a cohort of endometrial cancers. The microsatellite instability status was inferred using the MSIsensor (v0.5) with a cut‐off of 8%. Sixty patients were classified into four groups: POLEMUT group (13.3%), MSI‐H group (20%), TP53WT group (45%) and TP53MUT group (21.7%). Patients within TP53MUT group were more common in serous carcinoma compared to endometrioid carcinoma (P = .0098). TP53WT was significantly correlated with early stage and low grade. TP53MUT group was associated with significantly worse DFS compared to MSI‐H group and TP53WT group (P = .014 and .004, respectively). Comprehensive next‐generation sequencing is a reliable and simple method to stratify the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma. It can be potentially used to guide treatment of patients with endometrial cancer in routine practice.
Supergravities and contact type structures on supermanifolds

A tray for holding an array of containers such as plant pots has alternating projections and recesses or gaps defining a pair of opposed walls so that alternate rows of the containers are relatively staggered to give a quincunx pattern. Preferably said sides have a zig-zag shape in plan view dimensioned so like trays will interlock.
Effect of sexing on the performance and carcass characteristics of Ross ® 308 AP broilers

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of sexing on performance, carcass characteristics, bone development, and profitability of Ross ® 308 AP broilers. Six hundred chicks, one day old, reared by sex separation, were used. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with three treatments composed of lots separated by sex (males, females, and mixed) and five replications. Live weight, weight gain, feed intake and conversion, carcass weight and yield, commercial cuts, edible offal, and abdominal fat were evaluated. The length, thickness, weight, and Seedor index of the long bones (tibiotarsus and femur) were measured to assess bone development. An analysis of viability (VB), productive efficiency index (PEI), and profitability was carried out. The productive performance of broilers raised in male and mixed lots was higher from 1 to 21 days compared to the productive performance of females. The broilers from the mixed lots had greater femur length than the female lot, not differing from the males. Ross® 308 AP male broilers had better performance, carcass characteristics, and most parameters related to bone development than the mixed and female lots. However, mixed lots showed higher profitability than male and female lots.
Does Labor Market Concentration Decrease Wages? Evidence from a Retail Pharmacy Merger

I use a large merger to study the effects of a concentration on labor market outcomes. I find that concentration lowers wages, but the effects are different than prior estimates in the literature. I observe a larger reduction in wages of salespeople (low skill) than pharmacists (high skill). Two hypotheses can explain the results: (i) salespeople have strong preferences for jobs or accumulate some industry-specific human capital, and (ii) pharmacists are better organized into unions. Previous studies do not account for changes in labor force composition that are relevant after a merger, which could explain the difference in estimates.
Analysis of fractional models physical consistency

Recently, for fractional order model, a distinction has emerged between real state and pseudo state. Pseudo state is a vector of finite dimension but does not have the property of a state (it does not allow to determine future behavior of the system for instance). The real state is of infinite dimension as it is distributed, but is distributed on an infinite domain. A fractional model can thus be viewed as a doubly infinite model (distributed model on an infinite domain). It is shown in the paper, that this last feature induces the real state ability to store an infinite amount of energy using an electrical interpretation of fractional models. Thus, fractional models do not reflect the reality of macroscopic physical systems in terms of energy storage ability. As a consequence, even if fractional models permit to capture accurately the input-output dynamical behavior of many physical systems, such a property highlights a physical inconsistence of fractional models. They do not reflect the internal behavior of the modelled system. This analysis is made for explicit and implicit differentiation based fractional order models.
Instability and nonlinear equilibration of baroclinic flows

Baroclinic instability, the fundamental mechanism underlying the generation of baroclinic eddies in the atmosphere and ocean is investigated in the two-layer, quasi-geostrophic model. The aim is to bridge the gap in understanding between analytical theories and high resolution numerical simulations of more realistic flows. In chapter 1 the physical motivation for the problems, two-layer model and numerical scheme are introduced. In chapter 2, the instability of a uniform flow profile without Ekman friction is investigated. The success of a weakly nonlinear theory due to Warn & Gauthier at finite criticality is assessed over the full parameter space. The relevance of nonlinear bounds on wave amplitude and perturbation energy due to Shepherd is also evaluated. Chapters 3 and 4 investigate the Holopainen instability, whereby a uniform flow profile, otherwise stable in frictionless flow, is destabilized by the addition of a small amount of Ekman friction. In chapter 3, the physical mechanisms of the baroclinic and Holopainen instabilities are contrasted in terms of potential vorticity disturbances. The instability of the Eady model is also discussed. In chapter 4, a weakly nonlinear theory due to Romea is shown to be accurate for flows unstable to the Holopainen instability and flows unstable to baroclinic instability in the presence of significant Ekman friction. An intermediate flow region is found where Warn & Gauthier’s theory is accurate at early times, but the final state is well predicted by Romea’s theory. The equilibration of an unstable baroclinic jet is investigated in chapter 5. A predictive theory due to Esler based on global constraints is extended to test two new hypotheses, which are also shown to be successful in predicting the equilibrated flow profile of initially symmetric jets. The theory is adapted to include asymmetric initial jets where each hypothesis is found to have limited quantitative success.
On Rationality, Learning and Zero-Sum Betting - An Experimental Study of the No-Betting Conjecture

Sebenius and Geanakoplos (1983) prove that zero-sum betting is an irrational phenomenon. The current paper investigates the descriptive implications of this interesting result. For this sake, we have run six experiments (covering 21 different experimental conditions) in which human subjects played repeatedly the Sebenius and Geanakoplos betting game for 250 rounds. The results (for all 21 conditions) reveal a high initial betting rate that decreases very slowly with experience. Our experimental manipulations (that included changes in payoff information, game complexity, feedback system, incentive scheme, outside options and more) had a significant effect on the initial betting rates in some of the conditions, but did not affect the observed slow learning process. All together, the results demonstrate that human agents' behavior may persistently be very different from the one implied by "iterated removal of dominated strategies" even when it leads the agents into significant losses (up to 39% of the initial endowment). We show, however, that under the assumption that the learning speed decreases with payoff variability, simple 2parameters adaptive learning models can be used to approximate the observed adaptation processes in all 21 experimental conditions.