Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial of a 14-day mindfulness ecological momentary intervention (MEMI) for generalized anxiety disorder

Abstract Background Little is known about whether brief mindfulness ecological momentary interventions (MEMIs) yield clinically beneficial effects. This gap exists despite the rapid growth of smartphone mindfulness applications. Specifically, no prior brief MEMI has targeted generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Moreover, although theories propose that MEMIs can boost executive functioning (EF), they have largely gone untested. Thus, this randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to address these gaps by assessing the efficacy of a 14-day smartphone MEMI (versus self-monitoring placebo [SMP]). Method Participants with GAD were randomly assigned to either condition (68 MEMI and 42 SMP). MEMI participants exercised multiple core mindfulness strategies and were instructed to practice mindfulness continually. Comparatively, SMP participants were prompted to practice self-monitoring and were not taught any mindfulness strategies. All prompts occurred five times a day for 14 consecutive days. Participants completed self-reports and neuropsychological assessments at baseline, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up (1MFU). Piecewise hierarchical linear modeling analyses were conducted. Results MEMI (versus SMP) produced greater pre-1MFU reductions in GAD severity and perseverative cognitions (between-group d = 0.393–0.394) and stronger improvements in trait mindfulness and performance-based inhibition (d = 0.280–0.303). Further, MEMI (versus SMP) led to more considerable pre- to posttreatment reduction in state-level depression and anxiety and more mindfulness gains (d = 0.50–1.13). Overall, between-treatment effects were stronger at pre-1MFU than pre- to posttreatment for trait-level than state-level treatment outcome measures. Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest that the beneficial effect of an unguided brief MEMI to target pathological worry, trait mindfulness, and EF is modest yet potentially meaningful. Other theoretical and clinical implications were discussed.
Cancer Therapy-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity Treatment with apolipoprotein A1 protects mice against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in a scavenger receptor class B, type I-dependent manner

a scavenger receptor type an agent used to treat a variety of cancers, is cardiotoxic by triggering cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We previously showed that treating cultured cardiomyocytes with human high-density lipoprotein in vitro or transgenic overexpression of human apolipoprotein A1, its main structural protein, protects against doxo-rubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a manner dependent on the scavenger receptor class B type I [Durham KK, Chathely KM, Mak KC, Momen A, Thomas CT, Zhao YY, MacDonald ME, Curtis JM, Husain M, Trigatti BL. HDL protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in a scavenger receptor class B type 1-, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-, and Akt-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Heart Software, La Jolla, CA). For pairwise comparisons, normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk or D’Agostino-Pearson omnibus test and equal variance by F -test. Data that passed were analyzed by Student’s t -test (2-tailed, unpaired), while data that did not pass the normality test were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. One-way ANOVA was used for data comprising multiple groups, and two-way ANOVA was used for data with two or more independent variables. Post hoc analysis was performed using the Tukey test for groups of equal sample size or the Tukey-Kramer test for groups with unequal sample size. Differences are considered statistically signiﬁcant at P (cid:6) 0.05.
Mental health, wellbeing and burnout among medical students in the United Arab Emirates

Background: Medical students tend to experience high levels of stress during their studies, that can result in mental health disorders and burnout, further affecting academic performance and later ability to practice. Aims: To investigate previous and current mental health issues, significant sources of stress, burnout, and substance use among medical students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Method: We conducted an online survey to collect data on demographics, sources of stress, mental health problems, burnout, and substance use in 385 medical students from the UAE University. We used the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12), and the CAGE questionnaire. Results: Our results indicated that 5.7% of participants had been diagnosed with a mental health condition prior to joining medical school, and that 21.6% of participants were diagnosed with a mental illness while in medical school. On the OLBI, 77.4% screened positive for burnout (81.3% for disengagement and 95.1% for exhaustion), with 74.5% screening positive for mental health difficulties on the GHQ-12 and <1% screening positive on the CAGE for problem drinking. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between scores on the OLBI and the GHQ-12. Conclusions: Our study indicated that high levels of stress, burnout and mental illness are experienced among medical students in the UAE.
Feasibility, Safety, Enjoyment, and System Usability of Web-Based Aerobic Dance Exercise Program in Older Adults: Single-Arm Pilot Study

Background During the COVID-19 epidemic, opportunities for social interaction and physical activity among older people are decreasing, which may have a negative impact on their health. As a solution, a web-based group exercise program provided through a videoconferencing platform would be useful. As a web-based exercise program that older adults can easily, safely, and enjoyably perform at home, we developed a short-duration, light-intensity aerobic dance exercise program. Before studying the effectiveness of this exercise program, its characteristics, such as feasibility, safety, enjoyment, and system usability, should be examined among older adults. Objective This pilot study aimed to examine the feasibility, safety, and enjoyment of a web-based aerobic dance exercise program and the usability of a web-based exercise delivery system using a videoconferencing platform for older adults. Methods This study was designed as a prospective single-arm pilot study. A total of 16 older adults participated in an 8-week web-based aerobic dance program held every morning (8:30 AM to 8:50 AM) on weekdays at home. Retention and adherence rates were measured for the program’s feasibility. Safety was assessed by the heart rate reserve, an index of exercise intensity calculated from heart rate, and the number of adverse events during exercise sessions. Enjoyment of this exercise program was assessed by an 11-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not enjoyable at all) to 10 (extremely enjoyable) obtained through telephone interviews after the first-, third-, sixth-, and eighth-week intervention. For usability, the ease of the videoconferencing platform system was assessed through telephone interviews after the intervention. Results A female participant with hypertension dropped out in the second week because of the continuously reported high blood pressure (≥180 mmHg) before attending the exercise session in the first week. Therefore, the retention rate was 93.8% (15/16). Among the remaining participants, the median (IQR) overall adherence rate was 97.4% (94.7-100). Regarding safety, the mean (SD) heart rate reserve during the aerobic dance exercise was 29.8% (6.8%), showing that the exercise was relatively safe with very light to light intensity. There were no adverse events during the exercise session. The enjoyment score (0-10 points) significantly increased from the first (6.7 [1.7]) to sixth (8.2 [1.3]) and eighth week (8.5 [1.3]). Regarding usability, 11 participants reported difficulties at the beginning, such as basic touch panel operations and the use of unfamiliar applications; however, all got accustomed to it and subsequently reported no difficulty. Conclusions This study showed high feasibility, enjoyment, and safety of the web-based aerobic dance exercise program in older adults, and the web-based exercise delivery system may have areas for improvement, albeit without serious problems. Our web-based aerobic dance exercise program may contribute to an increase in physical and social activities among older adults.
Quantitative detection of low energy positive and negative ions with a channel electron multiplier

We have constructed ion optics which, when interfaced with a channel electron multiplier (CEM), make possible quantitative measurements of positive and negative ion fluxes. We describe the design and operation of a detection system using these optics and present a calibration of the CEM for low energy (0.2–8.7 keV) positive and negative oxygen ions.
Simulation studies on the magnetization of (RE)BCO bulk superconductors using various split-coil arrangements

Simulation studies were conducted on the magnetization of (RE)BCO (RE–Ba–Cu–O, where RE represents a rare earth element) bulk superconductors using various split-coil arrangements by solving the critical state equation using the commercial software FlexPDE. A pair of coaxial coils of identical size is identified as an optimum arrangement for practical magnetization at 77 K by the ‘zero-field cooling’ technique. In general, the magnetization process is likely to be most effective when the outer radius of the coils lies between 100% and 50% of the sample radius. A relatively large coil pair is necessary for samples with either a smaller aspect ratio or larger values of Jc0. Two different regimes of flux penetration are found to be involved in the magnetization process. For a sufficiently small sample, the penetration field is determined by flux propagation from beneath the coil to the centre of the sample; for a sufficiently large sample, the definitive propagation route is from beneath the coil to the periphery of the sample. Effective split-coil magnetization occurs only in the former regime, and both penetration regimes are completely different from that involved in the solenoidal-coil magnetization process.
Predictors of Women's Intentions to Communicate Updated Genetic Test Results to Immediate and Extended Family Members

Introduction: Many individuals who previously received negative genetic test results are eligible for updated testing. This study examined intention to communicate updated genetic test results to relatives in participants who previously received negative genetic test results. Methods: Women with a personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer who tested negative for BRCA1/2 before 2013 were enrolled between April 2018 and October 2019. Proportions were calculated to assess intention to communicate updated genetic test results to living immediate family, extended family, and all family. Potential predictors of intentions from the theory of planned behavior (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control) were assessed. The three outcomes were analyzed using generalized linear models with a quasi-binomial probability distribution. Results: 110 women completed the baseline assessment prior to updated testing. Participants intended to communicate genetic test results to 90% of immediate family, 51% of extended family, and 66% of all living relatives. Participants with higher subjective norms (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.08–3.57) had higher intentions to communicate genetic test results to extended family, while participants with more positive attitudes (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.60) had higher intentions to communicate to all family. Placing higher importance on genetic information was associated with higher intentions to communicate to immediate family (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.06–1.83). Lower subjective numeracy was associated with higher intentions to communicate to extended family (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32–0.76). Conclusion: Attitudes and subjective norms were predictors of intention to communicate updated genetic information to at-risk biological relatives, and predictors may vary by degree of relationship.
Simple albedo feedback models of the icecaps

A series of simple models of the albedo feedback mechanism and its effect on the global climate are solved analytically. All of the models are similar to one considered by Budyko. The seasonal variation in incident solar radiation is ignored. Emphasis is placed on the parameter dependence of the models' sensitivity to changes in the solar constant. It is found in all cases that increasing the efficiency of the poleward transport of energy increases this sensitivity. It is also suggested that knowledge of the partitioning of the transport between the atmosphere and the oceans is of considerable importance for estimating sensitivity. The stability of equilibrium states is determined from the properties of small perturbations away from equilibrium. It is observed that relaxation times of perturbations can be increased considerably by the albedo feedback mechanism. The effect of variations in the obliquity of the planet's orbit on sensitivity and stability is also analyzed. The results indicate that albedo feedback may increase the significance of obliquity variations on Mars, as well as on the Earth. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974. tb01641.x
Note on uniform visibility manifolds

The axiom of uniform visibility on simply connected manifolds was introduced in [8] by Eberlein and O'Neill. Using the axiom, they were able to extend to a class of simply connected manifolds of non-positive sectional curvature many results which were known to be true for the case of strictly negative curvature. The axiom proved very useful in obtaining results about the geodesic flow on manifolds of non-positive sectional curvature [3], [4].
Inactivation of Mad2B Enhances Apoptosis in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line upon Cisplatin-Induced DNA Damage

Mad2B (Mad2L2), the human homolog of the yeast Rev7 protein, is a regulatory subunit of DNA polymerase ζ that shares sequence similarity with the mitotic checkpoint protein Mad2A. Previous studies on Mad2B have concluded that it is a mitotic checkpoint protein that functions by inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Here, we demonstrate that Mad2B is activated in response to cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Mad2B co-localizes at nuclear foci with DNA damage markers, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen and gamma histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), following cisplatin-induced DNA damage. However, unlike Mad2A, the binding of Mad2B to Cdc20 does not inhibit the activity of APC/C in vitro. In contrast to Mad2A, Mad2B does not localize to kinetochores or binds to Cdc20 in spindle assembly checkpoint-activated cells. Loss of the Mad2B protein leads to damaged nuclei following cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Mad2B/Rev7 depletion causes the accumulation of damaged nuclei, thereby accelerating apoptosis in human cancer cells in response to cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Therefore, our results suggest that Mad2B may be a critical modulator of DNA damage response.
Phonetic and Phono-Lexical Accuracy of Non-Native Tone Production by English-L1 and Mandarin-L1 Speakers

Lexical tones are known to be a challenging aspect of speech to acquire in a second language, but several factors are known to affect tone learning facility, such as L1 tonal status (whether a learner’s L1 is tonal or not), tone type (the shape of the tones to be acquired), and individual extralinguistic factors (such as musicianship, pitch aptitude, and working memory). Crucially, most of our knowledge of the effect of these factors is based on evidence from perception. The production side of tone learning and the origins of individual variability in learning facility remain relatively understudied. To this end, this study investigated non-native tone production—both in terms of phonetic accuracy in a pseudoword imitation task and in terms of phono-lexical accuracy in a picture-naming task—by English-L1 and Mandarin-L1 speakers. Results show that L1 tonal status and tone type dynamically affected both imitation and picture-naming accuracy, as there were specific accuracy patterns for the English and Mandarin groups. Production accuracy was further facilitated by individual musical experience, working memory, and pitch aptitude. This study’s findings add to the currently limited literature on how both language-specific and individual extralinguistic factors modulate non-native tone processing in the speaking modality.
Reduction of modules

The notion of a reduction of an ideal I of a noetherian ring R and the related notions of the integral closure I* of I in R and the integral dependence of an element x of R on I have proved useful in many situations in commutative algebra. The purpose of this paper is to extend these notions to modules. To motivate the definitions which follow, it will be useful to consider these notions for ideals before extending them to modules.
Prevalence and treatment of mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders in children with co‐occurring autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A population‐based study

There is a lack of nationally representative studies examining the co‐occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. This study examines comorbid mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) and associated treatment modalities for children with co‐occurring ASD and ADHD. Cross‐sectional analyses were conducted using data from the pooled 2016–2018 National Survey of Children's Health (sample n = 102,341). Nationally representative prevalences were estimated for sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, psychotropic medication, and behavioral treatment. We assessed multivariable associations between co‐occurring ASD + ADHD and MBDDs, use of psychotropic medication, and receipt of behavioral treatment after adjustment for sociodemographic confounders. Compared to children with ASD without co‐occurring ADHD, children with ASD + ADHD had higher prevalence of most MBDDs, including anxiety (AOR 4.03 [95% CI 2.77, 4.87]), depression (AOR 3.08 [95% CI 1.77, 5.36]), behavior or conduct problems (AOR 4.06 [95% CI 2.72, 6.06]), and other mental health conditions. Similarly, compared to children with ADHD without ASD, children with ASD + ADHD had higher odds of anxiety (AOR 3.49 [95% CI 2.65, 4.61]), depression (AOR 1.67 [95% CI 1.21, 2.29]), behavior or conduct problems (AOR 2.31 [95% CI 1.68, 3.17]), and other mental health conditions. Children with ASD + ADHD were significantly more likely to take psychotropic medication than children with ASD without ADHD. Among children with ASD + ADHD, males had higher odds of receiving behavioral treatment, whereas older children and adolescents were more likely to take psychotropic medication. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to support the complex needs of these children.
Satisfiability Modulo Ordering Consistency Theory for SC, TSO, and PSO Memory Models

Automatically verifying multi-threaded programs is difficult because of the vast number of thread interleavings, a problem aggravated by weak memory consistency. Partial orders can help with verification because they can represent many thread interleavings concisely. However, there is no dedicated decision procedure for solving partial-order constraints. In this article, we propose a novel ordering consistency theory for concurrent program verification that is applicable not only under sequential consistency, but also under the TSO and PSO weak memory models. We further develop an efficient theory solver, which checks consistency incrementally, generates minimal conflict clauses, and includes a custom propagation procedure. We have implemented our approach in a tool, called Zord, and have conducted extensive experiments on the SV-COMP 2020 ConcurrencySafety benchmarks. Our experimental results show a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art.
Resonant two-photon photoemission in quantum-well infrared photodetectors

We report the nonlinear behavior of quantum-well infrared photodetectors with three energetically equidistant energy levels. The giant resonant nonlinearity leads to a quadratic power dependence of the photocurrent down to excitation power densities as low as 0.1W∕cm2. Using these highly sensitive two-photon detectors, second-order autocorrelation measurements of ultrashort midinfrared laser pulses in the pJ regime are demonstrated. The dynamical behavior is studied by a numerical analysis of these measurements. At high bias voltages we observe a dominating linear contribution to the photocurrent arising from tunneling processes.
Assessment of the Data Sharing and Privacy Practices of Smartphone Apps for Depression and Smoking Cessation

Key Points Question Do the privacy policies of popular smartphone applications (apps) for depression and smoking cessation describe accurately whether data will be processed by commercial third parties? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 36 top-ranked apps for depression and smoking cessation available in public app stores, 29 transmitted data to services provided by Facebook or Google, but only 12 accurately disclosed this in a privacy policy. Meaning Health care professionals prescribing apps should not rely on disclosures about data sharing in health app privacy policies but should reasonably assume that data will be shared with commercial entities whose own privacy practices have been questioned and, if possible, should consider only apps with data transmission behaviors that have been subject to direct scrutiny.
The J-phenomenon in X-rays

A series of experiments have been carried out with the view of repeating as far as possible the work of Barkla and others on the J-phenomenon. The results obtained in no case provide any evidence for this phenomenon, and, considered in conjunction with the work of Dunbar, Worsnop, and Gaertner, the experimental results suggest that the J-phenomenon has no real existence as an X-ray absorption effect.
Hydroelastic response and energy harvesting potential of flexible piezoelectric beams in viscous flow

Electroactive polymers such as piezoelectric elements are able to generate electric potential differences from induced mechanical deformations. They can be used to build devices to harvest ambient energy from natural flow-induced deformations, e.g., as flapping flags subject to flowing wind or artificial seaweed subject to waves or underwater currents. The objectives of this study are to (1) investigate the transient hydroelastic response and energy harvesting potential of flexible piezoelectric beams fluttering in incompressible, viscous flow, and (2) identify critical non-dimensional parameters that govern the response of piezoelectric beams fluttering in viscous flow. The fluid-structure interaction response is simulated using an immersed boundary approach coupled with a finite volume solver for incompressible, viscous flow. The effects of large beam deformation, membrane tension, and coupled electromechanical responses are all considered. Validation studies are shown for the motion of a flexible filam.