Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Areca Nut Polyphenol Extracts on RAW264.7 Cells

Chewing areca nuts is a popular hobby in the Asian region, and areca nuts are rich in polyphenols, although some alkaloids are included. In this study, we explored the antioxidant activity of areca nut polyphenols (ANP) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The results revealed that ANP reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). RNA-seq analysis showed that ANP down-regulated the transcription of genes related to the cancer pathway at 160 μg/mL, and the inflammatory pathway as well as viral infection pathway at 320 μg/mL. The cellular signaling analysis further revealed that the expressions of these genes were regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and ANP downregulated the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway stimulated by LPS. Collectively, our findings showed that ANP inhibited the MAPK pathway and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathways to reduce ROS generation induced by LPS.
Estimating class numbers over metabelian extensions

Let $p$ be an odd prime and $L/K$ a $p$-adic Lie extension whose Galois group is of the form $\mathbb{Z}_p^{d-1}\rtimes \mathbb{Z}_p$. Under certain assumptions on the ramification of $p$ and the structure of an Iwasawa module associated to $L$, we study the asymptotic behaviours of the size of the $p$-primary part of the ideal class groups over certain finite subextensions inside $L/K$. This generalizes the classical result of Iwasawa and Cuoco-Monsky in the abelian case and gives a more precise formula than a recent result of Perbet in the non-commutative case when $d=2$.
A Euclidean signature semi-classical program

In this article we discuss our ongoing program to extend the scope of certain, well-developed microlocal methods for the asymptotic solution of Schrodinger's equation (for suitable `nonlinear oscillatory' quantum mechanical systems) to the treatment of several physically significant, interacting quantum field theories. Our main focus is on applying these `Euclidean-signature semi-classical' methods to self-interacting (real) scalar fields of renormalizable type in 2, 3 and 4 spacetime dimensions and to Yang-Mills fields in 3 and 4 spacetime dimensions. A central argument in favor of our program is that the asymptotic methods for Schrodinger operators developed in the microlocal literature are far superior, for the quantum mechanical systems to which they naturally apply, to the conventional WKB methods of the physics literature and that these methods can be modified, by techniques drawn from the calculus of variations and the analysis of elliptic boundary value problems, to apply to certain (bosonic) quantum field theories. Unlike conventional (Rayleigh/ Schrodinger) perturbation theory these methods allow one to avoid the artificial decomposition of an interacting system into an approximating `unperturbed' system and its perturbation and instead to keep the nonlinearities (and, if present gauge invariances) of an interacting system intact at every level of the analysis.
CaseNet: Content-Adaptive Scale Interaction Networks for Scene Parsing

Objects in an image exhibit diverse scales. Adaptive receptive fields are expected to catch suitable range of context for accurate pixel level semantic prediction for handling objects of diverse sizes. Recently, atrous convolution with different dilation rates has been used to generate features of multi-scales through several branches and these features are fused for prediction. However, there is a lack of explicit interaction among the branches to adaptively make full use of the contexts. In this paper, we propose a Content-Adaptive Scale Interaction Network (CaseNet) to exploit the multi-scale features for scene parsing. We build the CaseNet based on the classic Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) module, followed by the proposed contextual scale interaction (CSI) module, and the scale adaptation (SA) module. Specifically, first, for each spatial position, we enable context interaction among different scales through scale-aware non-local operations across the scales, \ie, CSI module, which facilitates the generation of flexible mixed receptive fields, instead of a traditional flat one. Second, the scale adaptation module (SA) explicitly and softly selects the suitable scale for each spatial position and each channel. Ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modules. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on three scene parsing benchmarks Cityscapes, ADE20K and LIP.
Plancherel measures for coverings of p-adic SL(2,F)

In these notes we compute the Plancherel measures associated with genuine principal series representations of n-fold covers of p-adic SL(2,F). Along the way we also compute a higher dimensional metaplectic analog of Shahidi local coefficients. Our method involves new functional equations utilizing the Tate Gamma-factor and a metaplectic counterpart. As an application we prove an irreducibility theorem.
The Use of Communication Strategies to Compensate for Gaps in Classroom Communication: The Case of the University of Cape Coast, Ghana

Classroom interaction is very critical to the teaching and learning process in the second language classroom and speakers may encounter difficulties in expressing their communication intentions as a result of gaps in their linguistic repertoire. Necessarily, this study was conducted to ascertain the strategies students and lecturers of the University of Cape Coast use to compensate for gaps in their classroom interactions. The concurrent mixed method approach was used to study 128 students and 2 lecturers of the Department of Arts Education of the University of Cape Coast. Questionnaires and a structured observation guide were used to collect data from students and lecturers. It was found that students prefer to use non-linguistic means (indirect strategies) to convey their meaning. In contrast, lecturers prefer to use strategies that engage students in the conversation (interactional strategies). Fillers, self-rephrasing, and self-repetition were found to be the most frequently used strategies by students and lecturers. The study concluded that interactional strategies are often used by lecturers as a teaching methodology even though excessive use of communication strategies sometimes disrupts instructional hours and impedes the proper acquisition of the English language. The study also recommends using more learner-centered teaching methodologies, which will allow students to self-learn the second language by practicing it.
Capacities and gaps in Caribbean fisherfolk organization leadership

Abstract Organizational leadership is one of the most important roles for both women and men in the fishing industry. Empowerment of fisherfolk organization and strengthening or development of their capacity, especially in relation to leadership, is important to the successful implementation of the 2014 Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) and the realization of sustainable fisheries and stewardship. Leadership is a challenging and relatively recent fisheries research topic, and gender is poorly documented in Caribbean fisheries. The deficiency of knowledge on leadership and gender was addressed through fisherfolk organization leader assessments to assist in understanding capacities and gaps in Caribbean fisherfolk organization leadership for informing gender and other aspects of overall SSF Guidelines implementation. Our work contributes to a baseline of knowledge on fisher organization leaders in the region. It confirms some already known information on fisherfolk organizations, documenting this and new information. Dimensions such as decision-making, gender, participation, governance, education and assets relevant to fisherfolk leadership are covered in the leadership profile developed. We discuss the implications of this preliminary and exploratory applied research for Caribbean fisheries in the context of the SSF Guidelines, and a way forward.
A Netnography Study on Memorable Cultural Tourism Experiences: Insights from Asian Cultural Heritage Site Tourists

Abstract Cultural tourism is a rapidly growing industry across the globe. This study aims to contribute to the existing knowledge of tourist experiences at cultural destinations. To this end, the study explores the factors that contribute to memorable cultural tourism experiences at cultural heritage sites, specifically museums. Using WebHarvy, a total of 502 online reviews were collected from a popular tourism website, namely TripAdvisor. The collected reviews concern 14 heritage museums in 10 Asian countries. Netnography was employed as a content analysis technique. The results revealed five contributing factors of memorable cultural tourism experiences: authenticity, engagement, culinary attraction, atmospherics, and quality of service. Theoretically, this study adds to our understanding of memorable cultural tourism experiences by identifying a novel dimension, namely atmospherics. In other words, this research highlights the importance of ambiance and environment in tourism experiences at cultural heritage sites. Thus, the study provides insights for heritage site managers on how to make the tourism experience memorable.
Coherent state Quantization of quaternions

Parallel to the quantization of the complex plane, using the canonical coherent states of a right quaternionic Hilbert space, quaternion field of quaternionic quantum mechanics is quantized. Associated upper symbols, lower symbols and related quantities are analysed. Quaternionic version of the harmonic oscillator and Weyl-Heisenberg algebra are also obtained.
Existence, blow-up and exponential decay of solutions for a system of nonlinear wave equations with damping and source terms

This paper deals with a system of wave equations in one-dimensional consisting of nonlinear boundary / interior damping and nonlinear boundary / interior sources. In particular, our interest lies in the theoretical understanding of the existence, finite time blow-up of solutions and their exponential decay. First, two local existence theorems of weak solutions are established by applying the Faedo-Galerkin method and standard arguments of density corresponding to the regularity of initial conditions. The uniqueness is also obtained in some specific cases. Second, it is proved that any weak solutions possessing negative initial energy has the potential to blow up in finite time. Finally, exponential decay estimates for the global solution is achieved through the construction of a suitable Lyapunov functional. In order to corroborate our theoretical decay, a numerical example is provided here.
More on the O(n) model on random maps via nested loops: loops with bending energy

We continue our investigation of the nested loop approach to the O(n) model on random maps, by extending it to the case where loops may visit faces of arbitrary degree. This allows us to express the partition function of the O(n) loop model as a specialization of the multivariate generating function of maps with controlled face degrees, where the face weights are determined by a fixed-point condition. We deduce a functional equation for the resolvent of the model, involving some ring generating function describing the immediate vicinity of the loops. When the ring generating function has a single pole, the model is amenable to a full solution. Physically, such a situation is realized upon considering loops visiting triangles only and further weighting these loops by some local bending energy. Our model interpolates between the two previously solved cases of triangulations without bending energy and quadrangulations with rigid loops. We analyze the phase diagram of our model in details and derive in particular the location of its non-generic critical points, which are in the universality classes of the dense and dilute O(n) model coupled to 2D quantum gravity. Similar techniques are also used to solve a twisting loop model on quadrangulations where loops are forced to make turns within each visited square. Along the way, we revisit the problem of maps with controlled, possibly unbounded, face degrees and give combinatorial derivations of the one-cut lemma and of the functional equation for the resolvent.
Multiscale Finite Element Formulations for 2D/1D Problems

Approaches for multiscale finite element methods (MSFEM) are proposed which are essentially more efficient while maintaining the accuracy of past 2D/1D approaches. They are based on a magnetic vector potential or a current vector potential. Known currents in conductors are replaced by their Biot-Savart-fields. Boundary conditions allow planes of symmetry. All presented approaches consider eddy currents and preserve the edge effect. A segment of a fictitious electrical machine has been studied to demonstrate the accuracy and the low computational costs of the 2D/1D MSFEMs.
On the internal approach to differential equations. 1. The involutiveness and standard basis

Abstract The article treats the geometrical theory of partial differential equations in the absolute sense, i.e., without any additional structures and especially without any preferred choice of independent and dependent variables. The equations are subject to arbitrary transformations of variables in the widest possible sense. In this preparatory Part 1, the involutivity and the related standard bases are investigated as a technical tool within the framework of commutative algebra. The particular case of ordinary differential equations is briefly mentioned in order to demonstrate the strength of this approach in the study of the structure, symmetries and constrained variational integrals under the simplifying condition of one independent variable. In full generality, these topics will be investigated in subsequent Parts of this article.
A Low-Cost Reduced-Latency DRAM Architecture With Dynamic Reconfiguration of Row Decoder

DRAM latency has remained almost constant over decades and has become a performance bottleneck of computing systems. In this study, we propose a low-cost DRAM architecture enabling dynamic reconfiguring of row decoder to provide reduced latency with high flexibility and reliability. We apply minimum changes to row decoders and allow dynamic reconfiguration to switch array blocks between two modes: 1) normal mode, where the DRAM array behaves in the same manner as the conventional DRAM does and 2) low latency mode, where two DRAM cells in the neighbor array blocks are coupled to operate as a logical cell and reduce latency reliably according to the differential principle. On the basis of an industrial open bitline (BL) cell array, we only change the word-line decoding scheme but keep the cell array and sense amplifiers (SAs) untouched to avoid modifications to the DRAM process for cost and reliability considerations. Our circuit simulation shows that the low-latency mode can reduce row-to-column delay and row access strobe time by 25.7% and 23.2%, respectively. We evaluate the reduced-latency LPDDR4 DRAM on various workloads. Compared with the JEDEC standard DRAM, our proposal provides a maximum system performance improvement of 8.5%. We believe that our proposal is a reliable and cost-friendly solution to DRAM latency reduction.
The complete $L^q$-spectrum and large deviations for return times for equilibrium states with summable potentials

Let $\{X_k\}_{k\geq 1}$ be a stationary and ergodic process with joint distribution $\mu$ where the random variables $X_k$ take values in a finite set $\mathcal{A}$. Let $R_n$ be the first time this process repeats its first $n$ symbols of output. It is well-known that $n^{-1} \log R_n$ converges almost surely to the entropy of the process. Refined properties of $R_n$ (large deviations, multifractality, etc) are encoded in the return-time $L^q$-spectrum defined as \[ \mathcal{R}(q)=\lim_n\frac{1}{n}\log\int R_n^q\, d\mu \] provided the limit exists. When $\{X_k\}_{k\geq 1}$ is distributed according to the equilibrium state of a potential $\varphi$ with summable variation, we are able to compute $\mathcal{R}(q)$ for all $q\in\mathbb{R}$, namely \[ \mathcal{R}(q) = \begin{cases} P((1-q)\varphi) & \text{for}\;\; q\geq q^*\\ \sup_\eta \int \varphi \, d\eta & \text{for}\;\; q\le q^* \end{cases} \] where the supremum is taken over all shift-invariant probability measures, $P((1-q)\varphi)$ is the topological pressure of $(1-q)\varphi$ ($q\in\mathbb{R})$, and $q^*=q^*_\varphi\in [-1,0)$ is the unique solution of $P((1-q)\varphi) =\sup_\eta \int \varphi \, d\eta$, as $q$ runs through $\mathbb{R}$. Surprisingly, this spectrum does not coincide with the hitting-time $L^q$-spectrum for all $q<q^*$. The two spectra coincide if and only if the equilibrium state of $\varphi$ is the measure of maximal entropy. As a by-product, we prove large deviation asymptotics for $n^{-1}\log R_n$.
Multiwave tomography in a closed domain: averaged sharp time reversal

We study the mathematical model of multiwave tomography including thermo and photoacoustic tomography with a variable speed for a fixed time interval [ 0 , T ] ? > . We assume that the waves reflect from the boundary of the domain. We propose an averaged sharp time reversal algorithm. In case of measurements on the whole boundary, we give an explicit solution in terms of a Neumann series expansion. When the measurements are taken on a part of the boundary, we show that the same algorithm produces a parametrix. We present numerical reconstructions in both the full boundary and the partial boundary data case.
Kinetic equation approach to pair production by a time-dependent electric field

We investigate the quantum kinetic approach to pair production from vacuum by a time-dependent electric field. Equivalence between this approach and the more familiar S-matrix approach is explicitly established for both scalar and fermion cases. For the particular case of a constant electric field, the exact solution for kinetic equations is provided and the accuracy of low-density approximation is estimated.
Boundary blow-up under Sobolev mappings

We prove that for mappings in W 1,n (B n , m ), continuous up to the bound- ary, with modulus of continuity satisfying a certain divergence condition, the image of the boundary of the unit ball has zero n-Hausdorff measure. For Holder contin- uous mappings we also prove an essentially sharp generalized Hausdorff dimension estimate.
The dominating colour of an infinite P\'olya urn model

We study a Pólya–type urn model defined as follows. Start at time 0 with a single ball of some colour. Then, at each time n ≥ 1, choose a ball from the urn uniformly at random. With probability 1/2 < p < 1, return the ball to the urn along with another ball of the same colour. With probability 1 − p, recolour the ball to a new colour and then return it to the urn. This is equivalent to the supercritical case of a random graph model studied by Backhausz and Móri [4, 5] and Thörnblad [17]. We prove that, with probability 1, there is a dominating colour, in the sense that, after some random but finite time, there is a colour that always has the most number of balls. A crucial part of the proof is the analysis of an urn model with two colours, in which the observed ball is returned to the urn along with another ball of the same colour with probability p, and removed with probability 1− p. Our results here generalise a classical result about the Pólya urn model (which corresponds to p = 1).
Approach of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) Syndrome–Related Skin Tumors

Non-endocrine findings in patients with MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia) syndrome also include skin lesions, especially tumor-type lesions. This is a narrative review of the English-language medical literature including original studies concerning MEN1 and dermatological issues (apart from dermatologic features of each endocrine tumor/neuroendocrine neoplasia), identified through a PubMed-based search (based on clinical relevance, with no timeline restriction or concern regarding the level of statistical significance). We identified 27 original studies involving clinical presentation of patients with MEN1 and cutaneous tumors; eight other original studies that also included the genetic background; and four additional original studies were included. The largest cohorts were from studies in Italy (N = 145 individuals), Spain (N = 90), the United States (N = 48 and N = 32), and Japan (N = 28). The age of patients varied from 18 to 76 years, with the majority of individuals in their forties. The most common cutaneous tumors are angiofibromas (AF), collagenomas (CG), and lipomas (L). Other lesions are atypical nevi, basocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, acrochordons, papillomatosis confluens et reticularis, gingival papules, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma of the eyelid. Non-tumor aspects are confetti-like hypopigmentation, café-au-lait macules, and gingival papules. MEN1 gene, respective menin involvement has also been found in melanomas, but the association with MEN1 remains debatable. Typically, cutaneous tumors (AF, CG, and L) are benign and are surgically treated only for cosmetic reasons. Some of them are reported as first presentation. Even though skin lesions are not pathognomonic, recognizing them plays an important role in early identification of MEN1 patients. Whether a subgroup of MEN1 subjects is prone to developing these types of cutaneous lesions and how they influence MEN1 evolution is still an open issue.
Weinstock inequality in higher dimensions

We prove that the Weinstock inequality for the first nonzero Steklov eigenvalue holds in $\mathbb{R}^n$, for $n\ge 3$, in the class of convex sets with prescribed surface area. The key result is a sharp isoperimetric inequality involving simultanously the surface area, the volume and the boundary momentum of convex sets. As a by product, we also obtain some isoperimetric inequalities for the first Wentzell eigenvalue
Effect of the Addition of Nano-Silica and Poly(ε-caprolactone) on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Blends and Possible Application in Embossing Process

In this study, the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends with an addition of poly(ε–caprolactone) (PCL) and fumed silica (SiO2) were evaluated to research the possibility of their use as relief printing plates for embossing processes. PCL and nano-silica were added to the PLA matrix at different concentrations. Morphological, thermal and mechanical analyses were performed to determine the properties and possible functional characteristics of the studied blends. SEM micrographs showed that unmodified PLA/PCL blends exhibit a morphology typical of incompatible blends with clearly visible spherical domains of dispersed PCL in PLA. In particular, the results of the hardness tests showed that the selected blends have the optimal hardness (between 65 SH D and 75 SH D) for use in the embossing process. The tensile tests showed that the addition of nano-silica to neat PLA and to the PLA/PCL blends 50/50 and 60/40 improved the mechanical properties of the blends, especially stiffness and toughness. The DMA results showed that the addition of smaller amounts of SiO2 can contribute to an increase in storage modulus, which is due to good dispersion and distribution of SiO2 in the matrix. DSC analysis showed that the addition of PCL to PLA polymer increased the thermal stability of PLA and that the addition of nano-silica increased the degree of crystallinity of PLA. The TGA results showed that the addition of nano-silica improved the thermal degradation behavior of the studied blends, especially for blends modified with 3 wt% nano-silica. The results show that it is possible to optimize the mechanical and thermal properties of the blends with the aim of using them in the embossing process.