Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Arctic Sea Ice Prediction Using a Newly Developed Fully Coupled Regional Model With the Assimilation of Satellite Sea Ice Observations

To increase our capability to predict Arctic sea ice and climate, we have developed a coupled atmosphere‐sea ice‐ocean model configured for the pan‐Arctic with sufficient flexibility. The Los Alamos Sea Ice Model is coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and the Regional Ocean Modeling System in the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport modeling system. It is well known that dynamic models used to predict Arctic sea ice at short‐term periods strongly depend on model initial conditions. Parallel Data Assimilation Framework is implemented into the new modeling system to assimilate sea ice observations and generate skillful model initialization, which aid in the prediction procedures. The Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder sea ice concentration, the CyroSat‐2, and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity sea ice thickness are assimilated with the localized error subspace transform ensemble Kalman filter. We conduct Arctic sea ice prediction for the melting seasons of 2017 and 2018. Predictions with improved initial sea ice conditions show reasonable sea ice evolution and small biases in the minimum sea ice extent, although the ice refreezing is delayed. Our prediction experiments suggest that the use of appropriate uncertainty for the observed sea ice thickness can lead to improved spatial distribution of the initial ice thickness and thus the predicted sea ice distribution. Our new modeling system initialized by the output of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System seasonal forecasts with data assimilation can significantly increase the sea ice prediction skills in sea ice extent for the entire Arctic as well as in the Northern Sea Route compared with the predictions by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System.
Impact of Community Experiences on Student Retention Perceptions and Satisfaction in Higher Education

Understanding student experiences and the ability to predict satisfaction and retention continues to be an important topic in higher education. Among the many variables that have predictive capacity, recent research shows that a sense of belonging may be an important factor. The present study extends this logic to examine if a sense of community (which contains a subconstruct of belonging) is a better predictor of satisfaction and retention perceptions compared with academic achievement (i.e., grade point average and Dean’s List status) and engagement (i.e., in class, in programs, and with others). Second, we examine if a sense of community responsibility predicts behavioral engagement toward the campus community (i.e., organizational citizenship behaviors). We carry out these aims to test the efficacy of the community experiences model and its application in higher education institutional research contexts.
Enhancing the Recovery of Depleted Tripneustes gratilla Stocks Through Grow-Out Culture and Restocking

Grow-out culture in sea cages and restocking were undertaken to help rebuild the spawning population of Tripneustes gratilla in Bolinao, Philippines. Higher population densities and incidence of recruits in 2004–2006, as well as steady increase in the catch per unit effort of gatherers, indicate that the sea urchin population is recovering. Growth of reseeded, hatchery-produced sea urchins in two sites was high and comparable to those in grow-out cages. However, natural mortalities were very high (91–99%). Good growth, high survivorship, and potential reproductive output of sea urchins in grow-out cages, aside from immediate socio-economic benefits, demonstrate that grow-out culture is a cost effective option for reestablishing effective spawning populations. Higher recruitment success in Lucero, compared to other sites, may be attributed to local favorable biophysical conditions and to maintenance of an effective spawning population due to enforcement of marine sanctuary rules, size regulation, and the presence of broodstock cages. Results suggest that the establishment of a network of marine protected areas in tandem with grow-out culture may be strategic in enhancing the recovery of depleted populations by maintaining larval exchange to sustain the productivity of sea urchin fishery stocks along NW Luzon.
The Generic Position of Miraquila terrestris Campbell: Another Addition to the Buteogalline Radiation from the Pleistocene of Peru

We examined the type material of the two new genera and species that had been described by Campbell (1979) from Pleistocene tar pits at Talara, Peru, Miraquila terrestris and Amplibuteo hibbardi, both of which are large species. We noted similarities of both to living and fossil taxa belonging to, or derived from, the genus Buteogallus, but at that time we did not have comparative material available of two of the large fossil taxa recently assigned to that group: Buteogallus (5Wetmoregyps) daggetti and B. (5Aquila) borrasi (see Olson 2007, Suárez and Olson 2007). It had already been noted that Amplibuteo, which is now known from the West Indies (Suárez 2004), is probably related to Harpyhaliaetus (Emslie and Czaplewski 1999) and in turn to Buteogallus (Olson 2007). The taxonomy and biogeography of Amplibuteo are complicated and will be dealt with separately. We here compare Miraquila terrestris with appropriate fossil material, and are thus able to refine its taxonomic position.
pH Dependence on Colorimetric Detection of Hg2+ by Histidine-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

In this study, we successfully developed gold nanoparticles capped with histidine (His-AuNPs) for Hg 2+ detection using trisodium citrate as the reducing agent. The optimum pH for the detection of Hg 2+ by His-AuNPs was 12. The addition of Hg 2+ to the His-AuNPs caused the color change from red to black-blue, which is readily detectable by the naked eye. This color change is followed by a decrease in the intensity of the primary Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at a wavelength (λ) of 525 nm and an increase in the secondary peak at λ = 650 nm. His-AuNPs effectively detected Hg 2+ with limits of detection and quantitation of 1.77 µM and 5.89 µM, respectively. His-AuNPs exhibited good performance for the detection of Hg 2+ in waste water collected from a steel industrial facility in Banten Province, with a recovery and a percent relative standard deviation of 115% and 1.02%, respectively.
Blue whales feeding on high concentrations of euphausiids around Monterey Submarine Canyon

An unusually high concentration of blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus, fed on euphausiids that were concentrated in deep scattering layers and daytime surface swarms in Monterey Bay, California, during the fall of 1986. Blue whales were closely associated with deep scattering layers that were elongated along the southeast edge of the Monterey Submarine Canyon throughout most of November 1986. These scattering layers contained euphausiids, primarily Thysanoessa spinifera, which accounted for 45.4% of the total biomass of zooplankton tows taken through deep scattering layers. Tows taken above or outside the layers consisted of only 4.0% euphausiids. The greatest concentrations of blue whales were observed in areas of thick scattering layers that contained high krill biomass. In addition, surface-lunging blue whales fed on daytime surface swarms of Thysanoessa spinifera near the head of Monterey Submarine Canyon on 11 and 12 November 1986. Surface tows taken in whale feeding areas were dominated by T. spinif.
Hydrothermal Chimney Distribution on the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge

The Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge is well known for its abundance of hydrothermal vents and chimneys. One‐meter scale multibeam mapping data collected by an autonomous undersea vehicle revealed 572 chimneys along the central 14 km of the segment, although only 47 are named and known to be active. Hydrothermal deposits are restricted to the axial graben and the near‐rims of the graben above a seismically mapped axial magma lens. The sparse eruptive activity on the segment during the last 4,300 years has not buried inactive chimneys, as occurs at more magmatically robust mid‐ocean ridges.
PENGARUH ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE TERHADAP EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT DENGAN JOB SATISFACTION SEBAGAI VARIABLE INTERVENING PADA KARYAWAN PT PELINDO III (PERSERO)

This study aims to examine the effect of organizational culture on employee engagement with job satisfaction as an intervening variable on the employees of PT Pelindo III (Persero). The data analysis technique used in this study uses partial least square. The sample used was 210 respondents of PT Pelindo III (Persero) employees located in Surabaya. The results showed that organizational culture influences employee engagement, job satisfaction influences employee engagement, and organizational culture influences employee engagement with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. The results obtained indicate that there is no direct and insignificant influence between organizational culture and employee engagement, so it seems clear that job satisfaction fully mediates the effect of organizational culture on employee engagement. From the results of research at PT Pelindo III shows organizational culture, employee engagement and Job Satisfaction are appropriate, but there are several factors that are continuously being improved, including maintaining the opportunity for self-development opportunities in jobs that occupy the highest category of other factors, given the majority of PT Pelindo III employees is a millennial generation so programs must be found to suit their interests.
Differences in Growth and Potassium-Use Efficiency of Two Cotton Genotypes

To study the differences in growth and potassium (K)–use efficiency of two different K-use-efficiency cotton genotypes, a pot experiment was conducted in 2007. Experimental materials include two cotton genotypes (HG103 and LG122) and two K application levels (0 and 0.23 g kg–1 soil). The initial dates of various growth stages, plant heights, numbers of leaves, squares, and bolls, and the amount of litter during the whole growing season were recorded. The distribution and accumulation of dry matter and K content in various organs were measured to compare the differences in K-use efficiency. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two genotypes and K levels were found in initial bolling time. At the reproductive growth stage, the plant heights and leaf number of HG103 were less than those of LG122. Greater numbers of squares and bolls were recorded from HG103 than LG122 with K application. Significant differences (P < 0.05) existed in dry matter and K contents in each organ in the two genotypes and K-application levels. The seed cotton yields of HG103 were 3.24 times larger than those of LG122 with K application and 1.77 times larger than those of LG122 with the marginal K treatments. Reproductive-to-vegetative ratios (RVR) and harvest indices (HI) of LG122 were less than those of HG103 whether K was applied or not. The ratios of K in reproductive organs to vegetative organs for LG122 were 0.47 and 0.51 with K application and the marginal treatments, respectively, and for HG103 were 0.66 and 0.75 respectively. The K accumulations in root, stem, and litter of LG122 were more than those of HG103, whereas those in leaves and bolls were less than those of HG103. These results indicated that HG103 transferred more photosynthesis products and K to cotton reproductive organs than LG122.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FEEDING MARINE ALGAE AND SEAWEEDS ON RUMINAL DIGESTION USING IN VITRO CONTINUOUS CULTURE FERMENTATION

Continuous culture fermentation (CCF) was used to test the hypotheses that: marine microalgae (MA) and macroalgae (seaweeds) alter rumen microbial metabolism; MA types differ in abilities to provide rumen escape n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); and algae have the potential to reduce enteric methane emission. The CCF system of Teather and Sauer (1988) was modified to reduce clogging, refrigerate effluent, and allow for determination of gas production. The CCF systems were inoculated with pooled rumen fluid from 4 cows. Total mixed ration was fed at the rate of 30 g DM d-1. Temperature was maintained at 39 oC, and buffered with artificial saliva to maintain pH 6.2. Response variables were measured from effluent digesta (fatty acids, NH4+-N, digestibility), fermentor contents (CCF density, volatile fatty acids), and the gas phase (CO2, CH4). The experimental design for MA testing was a 3**3 factorial. Treatments consisted of heterotrophic and photoautotrophic MA as well as a 1:1 blend with protection levels of zero, 33 and 50 % of encapsulation (w/w), and fluid turnover rates of 5, 7.5, and 10 % h-1. The seaweed treatments consisted of a PEI shoreweed mix containing Laminaria longicruris and Fucus vesiculosus tested as a component of the mix, and Chondrus crispus and Furcellaria fastigiata tested individually. The design for seaweed testing was an unbalanced 5*5 Latin square. The heterotrophic MA destabilized the digesta mat while the autotroph improved stability. Biohydrogenation was extensive for C18 FA in the basal ration (> 90 %) and less for C22:6n3 (75 %) from the heterotroph and C20:5n3 (60 %) from the photoautotroph. The recovery of PUFA was improved by encapsulation, however PUFA in the MA were not greatly affected and digestibility was improved by turnover rate. Seaweeds had no effect on CCF stability, however they reduced CH4 production without reduction in OM digestibility. The heterotroph reduced overall fermentation resulting in diminished density and volatile fatty acids and NH4+-N concentrations. Seaweed supplementation decreased NH4+-N, CO2 and CH4 production, and increased density.
Mortality of Young Brown Shrimp Penaeus aztecus in Estuarine Nurseries

Abstract We estimated actual 2-week mortalities of postlarval and juvenile brown shrimp in a Galveston Bay salt marsh by comparing densities of cohorts throughout the spring. Mortalities ranged between 33% and 61% in 1982 and 23% and 39% in 1987. Brown shrimp mortality in predator-exclusion cages during 1987 was less than 3%. These data and published information on food requirements, diseases, and physical tolerances suggest that predation is usually the major direct cause of brown shrimp mortality in estuarine nurseries of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Southern flounder Paralichthvs lethostigina was the dominant fish predator on brown shrimp during the spring, and appeared to be responsible for a large portion of brown shrimp mortality. In laboratory experiments, the presence of smooth corcigrass Spartina alterniflora reduced predation rates of southern flounder and some of the other fish predators examined. Predation rates in general increased in proportion to increased prey densities. Thus, low water le.
Molecular and Cellular Biology of Rodent Mast Cells.

Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) are progenitors for mucosal mast cells (MMC) and connective tissue mast cells (CTMC). These populations differ in their expression of granule mediators and surface markers. Molecular cloning of most of the components of mast cell granules has provided an essential tool for understanding mast cell heterogeneity and development. Cytokine regulation of mast cell protease gene expression has facilitated the in vitro characterization of the pathways of mast cell maturation towards the CTMC and MMC phenotypes.
Empirical Links between Thermal Habitat, Fish Growth, and Climate Change

Abstract We used historical data to assess the effect of variation in thermal stratification due to climatic conditions on the annual growth of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Opeongo in Algonquin Park, Ontario, and of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in South Bay of Lake Huron, Canada. In these two lakes, years with warmer air temperatures produced an earlier onset of stratification, a warmer epilimnion, a larger thermal gradient, and a shallower thermocline. Lake Opeongo smallmouth bass, which are at the northern edge of the species' distribution, grew better as the availability and duration of warmer epilimnetic water temperature increased. Notable climate signals in the growth of smallmouth bass were detected in 1992, a cool year due to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, and in 1983, the strongest El Nino year in the database. Lake trout growth was poorer in years of early stratification, but was not otherwise associate.
Short distance phase shifts revisited: tracking clock-shifted homing pigeons (Rock Dove Columba livia) close to the loft

Clock-shifted homing pigeons (Rock Dove Columba livia) were tracked from familiar release sites using a direction recorder. At relatively short distances from the home loft (< 3.2km), it was discovered that two different mechanisms for homing were present. One involved the sun compass and the other was independent of this. At a further site (9.95 km) none of the birds used the sun compass for navigation. The possibilities for the non-sun compass-based mechanism are discussed.
A New Porpoise (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Phocoenidae) from the Pliocene of the North Sea

Abstract The study of an isolated skull discovered in early late Pliocene (Piacenzian) sands at Antwerp, northern Belgium, southern margin of the North Sea Basin, leads to the description of a new genus and species of porpoise (Odontoceti, Phocoenidae), Septemtriocetus bosselaersi. This is the first clear record of a fossil phocoenid from the North Atlantic. With a cranium slightly larger than the largest Recent phocoenid (Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli), the new species is characterized by a constriction of the premaxilla anterior to the rostrum base, a longitudinally elongated frontal boss, and a large temporal fossa. A cladistic analysis of fossil and Recent phocoenids confirms the monophyly of the Recent phocoenid subgroup and suggests a sister-group relationship between Septemtriocetus and the Japanese Pliocene phocoenid Haborophocoena. The geographic pattern of fossil and Recent phocoenids mainly in the Pacific Ocean, combined with phocoenid phylogenetic relationships, suggests an initial early to early late Pliocene north dispersal via the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic for the lineage of Septemtriocetus. A subsequent late Pliocene-Pleistocene dispersal event accounts for the Recent distribution of the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in the North Atlantic.
Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Details of the variation in sting morphology for all subfamilies of bees are presented for the first time. A considerable amount of variation, potentially of great utility for phylogenetic studies, has been discovered in every part of this complex structure. Additional probable synapomorphies of bees were found; these include loss of the specialized sensilla-bearing area at the apex of the gonostyli and the reduction and reorientation of the processi mediani at the base of the sting shaft. Synapomorphies for particular subtaxa of bees were found. These include a long, ventral emargination to the second valvifer in Nomiinae and a blister-like protrusion of the lamina spiracularis of the 7th hemitergite in the Megachilinae. Sting reduction and some details of sting morphology would seem to support a relationship between the Stenotritidae and Oxaeinae. Loss of sting function has occurred in four families of bees and repeatedly within the Andrenidae. In some instances loss of function as a sting is associated with increased development of certain structures indicating a change in function for the sting sclerites. It is suggested that all future studies of bee systematics above the species level should include assessment of variation of the sting apparatus and that sting preparations, made and stored in the same manner as preparations of male genitalia, become routine. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 138, 1–38.
Biodiversity and host specificity of coral barnacles of Galkinia (Cirripedia: Pyrgomatidae) in Taiwan, with descriptions of six new species

Galkinia Ross and Newman, 1995 exclusively contains coral-inhabiting barnacles (Pyrgomatidae) with 4-plated shells and a fused scutum and tergum. In the present study, we applied morphological and molecular analyses (mitochondrial DNA: 12S rDNA and COI regions) to identify six new species, in addition to the two previously described congeneric species. These six species exhibit diagnostic characters in the morphology of the external shells, scutum, and tergum that separate them from all described Galkinia. Host specificity varied among various Galkinia in Taiwan. Galkinia indica (Annandale, 1924) is specific to corals in Hydnophora, while G. adamanteus n. sp. and G. equus n. sp. are specific to Favites abdita. Galkinia depressa n. sp. and G. altiapiculus n. sp. , however, are epibiotic on a wider range of coral hosts including Goniastrea, Favites, Montipora, Platygyra, and Merulina. We did not analyze the host specificity of G. decima (Ross and Newman, 1973), G. tabulatus n. sp. , or G. trimegadonta n. sp. due to limited sample sizes. Based on phylogenetic results, G. altiapiculus n. sp. and G. depressa n. sp. belonged to more-recently evolved phylogenetic clades compared to other species of Galkinia, suggesting a possible evolutionary trend of reduced host specificity by Galkinia.
Robotic additive manufacturing with toy blocks

Abstract We develop and study a block-type three-dimensional (3D) printer that can assemble toy blocks based on 3D CAD models. Our system automatically converts a 3D CAD model into a block model consisting of toy blocks in basic shapes. Next, it automatically generates a feasible assembly plan for the block model. An industrial robot then assembles the block sculpture layer-by-layer, from bottom to top, using this assembly plan. This approach has advantages including the ease of combining multiple types of materials and reusing them which is difficult for conventional 3D printers to accomplish. We also introduce a technique to reliably determine the order of block placement to assemble block models from various patterns. This technique includes converting unassemblable shapes in the models to assemblable ones with support blocks and/or decomposing them into subassemblies. In addition, we implement a robot control system that automatically generates a stable sculpture according to a predetermined placement order. We also demonstrate the assembly of various toy block models using our system.
Salmonella in Brazilian and imported pet reptiles

The presence of salmonellae in fecal samples or cloacal swabs of 97 pet reptiles (15 snakes, 24 lizards and 58 chelonians) was investigated. Thirty seven animals had national origin and 60 were imported. Salmonella spp was detected in 39.1% of the reptiles, being 62.5% in lizards, 53.3% in snakes and 25.8% in chelonians. Strains belonged to subspecies I (44.7%), II (10.5%), IIIa (5.2%), IIIb (21.0%) and IV (18.5%) of the enterica species, with predominance (55.3%) of subspecies usually found in cold-blooded animals (II to IV). In the subspecies I, the serovars Albany, Enteritidis and Typhimurium predominated. The Trachemys scripta elegans imported turtles corresponded to 93.3% (14/15) of the salmonellae-positive chelonians. The national iguanas presented a high rate of colonization (77.7% - 7/9). These animals pose a potencial risk to the human health, demanding sanitary control and more information to the public.