Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The validation of Haemagglutinin Inhibition test for the detection of antibodies against canine influenza virus in a guinea pig serum model

Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay is a useful method for detecting antibodies against haemagglutinating viruses such as the influenza virus. An interaction between the influenza surface protein, haemagglutinin (HA) and the receptors on the surface of erythrocytes can result in agglutination when sufficient viral particles are present. Influenza positive serum can inhibit the haemagglutinin activity whereas negative serum will have no effect. In this study, known positive canine influenza (H3N2) serum from guinea pigs was evaluated by four different factors of HI assay. The four different factors in HI assay included a) elimination of non-specific inhibitors (20% kaolin or receptor destroying enzyme (RDE)), b) type of red blood cells (RBCs), c) percentage of RBCs, and d) haemagglutination unit (HAU) of virus. Our results showed that the receptor destroying enzyme (RDE) treated serum with 1% turkey RBCs and incubation with 4HAU/25μl of virus provided highest HI value (no statistic significant among groups). In conclusion, the HI protocol for testing canine influenza virus specific antibodies in guinea pig serum model has been validated and can be used for influenza research in the future.
Content of 31 trace elements in thyroid malignant nodules and thyroid tissue adjacent to nodules investigated using neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Thyroid malignant nodules (TMNs) are the most common endocrine cancer and the fifth most frequently occurring type of malignancies. Women are at particular risk for this thyroid disease The etiology and pathogenesis of TMNs must be considered as multifactorial. The present study was performed to clarify the role of some trace elements (TEs) in the etiology of these thyroid disorders. Thyroid tissue levels of silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), boron (B),, beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), cerium (Ce), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cesium (Cs), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), mercury (Hg), lanthanum (La), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), antimony (Sb), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), samarium (Sm), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), uranium (U), yttrium (Y), and zinc (Zn) were prospectively evaluated in malignant tumor and thyroid tissue adjacent to tumor of 41 patients with TMNs. Measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis and destructive method such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results of the study were additionally compared with previously obtained data for the same TEs in “normal” thyroid tissue. It was observed that main characteristics of TMNs in comparison with “normal” thyroid were significantly elevated levels of Ag, Al, B, Bi, Ce, Cr, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sm, and Tl. Furthermore, the TEs composition of thyroid tissue adjacent to tumor did not equal TEs contents of “normal” thyroid. Moreover, contents of such elements as Ag, Hg, and Se in adjacent tissue were higher than in tumor. Thus, from results obtained, it was possible to conclude that at least the excessive accumulation of Ag, Hg, and Se by thyroid tissue is likely to precede the TMNs origination and development. Elevated levels of Ag, Al, B, Bi, Ce, Cr, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sm, and Tl in nodular tissue could possibly be explored for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
Sub-carrier channel demultiplexing of THz-wave OFDM signal assisted by optical technology

A real-time processing method for demultiplexing a high-speed terahertz (THz)-wave OFDM signal is proposed and demonstrated. An electrical signal, which is down-converted from the THz-wave OFDM signal, is up-converted into an optical OFDM signal through an optical modulator. Then, the generated optical OFDM signal is demultiplexed into sub-carrier channels in the optical domain by utilising an integrated-optic OFDM demultiplexer with discrete Fourier transform function. The processing principle of the method and some preliminary experimental results including BER measurement to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method are reported. A 2 × 10 Gbit/s THz-wave OFDM signal was demultiplexed into sub-carrier channels with the method as preliminary investigation.
INBREEDING DEPRESSION ON GROWTH AND PROLIFICACY TRA ITS

This research aims at estimating inbreeding depress ion for growth and prolificacy traits in a rabbit population selected for growth rate for 60 generati ons. Data corresponded to 173,485 individuals of th e Caldes line founded in 1983. The effects of old, in termediate and new inbreeding (Fold, Fint, Fnew), a s well as classical (i.e. total cumulated) inbreeding (F) and 3 measures of ancestral inbreeding (AHC, F a.K and Fa.B) were estimated for average daily gain (AD G), slaughter weight (SW), number of kits born aliv e (NA), total number of kits (NT) and number of weane d kits (NW). For growth traits the effect of inbreeding was estimated with a model that included the fixed effects of year of birth, parity order a nd litter size as well as the corresponding inbreeding coefficient as a covariate (or alternatively the a ddition of Fold, Fint, Fnew covariates), plus the random ef fects of litter, batch and additive genetic effects . For the analysis of prolificacy traits, the model included the fixed effects of year of birth, physiological s tatus of the female at mating in addition to the covariate c orresponding to the inbreeding coefficient, as for growth traits, and the random effects of dam, batch and ad ditive genetic effects. There was a clear inbreedin g depression for all growth and prolificacy traits (10 g/d, -506 g, -7.4 kits, -6.2 kits and -6.2 kits for ADG, SW, NA, NT and NW, respectively on F). Ancestral in breeding coefficients Fa.K and Fa.B had also a negative effect on all traits, and results were not significantly different to those obtained with F. However, the effect of Fold and Fint was null whereas it was negative for Fnew, on growth traits but not on prolificacy traits. Similar results to those obtain ed for Fint and Fold were also observed using AHC, suggesting the possibility of purging by selection of deleterious recessive alleles affecting growth.
Relationship between Resilience and Emotional Intelligence among Community-Dwelling Older Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic in Alexandria, Egypt

Introduction: High resilience and emotional intelligence in later life has been associated with successful aging, they may consider a protective factor against potentially dangerous consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: to identify the relationship between resilience and emotional intelligence among community dwelling older adults during COVID-19 pandemic in Alexandria, Egypt. Design: A descriptive correlational research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at three elderly clubs namely: El wafaa club, El haya and El Amal club, and El omr Zahabi club. Subject: This study included a convenience sample of one hundred and forty older adults, who have neither cognitive impartment nor depression. Tools: (1) Mini-Cog, (2) Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), (3) Older adults’ sociodemographic and clinical data structured interview schedule, (4) Wagnild & Young’s Resilience Scale (RS), and (5) Trait MetaMood Scale (TMMS). Results: There are a statistically significant relation between studied elders' age, sex, marital status, living arrangement, having health problems, and with no psychosocial factors affecting health during the COVID-19 pandemic and their level of resilience. Also, a statistically significant relation was found between the studied elders' age, marital status, living arrangement, having health problems and their level of EI. Conclusion: There is a positive relationship was found between studied elders' level of resilience and their emotional intelligence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations: Assessment, evaluation, and attention should be offered to the older adults' level of resilience and EI especially during any pandemic .
Gender Differentials in education and their impact on economic growth of Pakistan

: South Asian economies in general and Pakistan in particular exhibit gender inequalities in education, employment, and health outcomes. These inequalities have significant impact on economic development. Gender inequality in education and access to resources may prevent the reduction in child mortality, fertility, and expansion of education. Assuming the male and female have the similar innate abilities, gender inequality in education means that less able boys get the chance of education and the average innate ability of educated pupils is lower in comparison to the situation if boys and girls received equal educational opportunities. Hence, gender biasedness in the education will result in lowering the human capital having negative impacts on economic growth. This study analyses the impact of gender equality on economic growth in Pakistan by taking the data for the period of 1972-2010 and using the cointegration analysis. It is found that gender inequalities at the level of education are undermining the economic growth and if these inequalities are removed then the country may grow much faster. However, the gender inequalities at higher level are more sever for economic growth in comparison to gender inequalities at primary and secondary level.
Exploring the Domains of Faculty Development Programmes for Malaysian Medical School Lecturers: A Qualitative Study

Faculty development programmes (FDPs) are recognised to be effective mechanisms by which to enhance medical education. They cover various domains of both the clinical and non-clinical environments; however, the available data on these programmes are insufficient. The aim of this study was to explore the domains covered in FDPs conducted in Malaysian public medical schools. A qualitative approach was used for this study, which involved 30 participants from five Malaysian medical schools in 2019. The inclusion criteria for the study were (a) participants were lecturers who had served at least five years, (b) participants had experience with FDPs, and (c) participants were medical doctors. Trainee lectures were excluded from the study. Document analysis and focus group discussions were utilised for the collection of data. The data were analysed using the ATLAS.ti software and the inductive thematic analysis approach. The data analysis indicated three themes (personal attributes, professional attributes and curriculum management); six categories (communication skills, teaching and learning methods, e-learning, student management, assessment and research methodology) and 13 sub-categories namely, interpersonal communication, intrapersonal communication, adult learning, instructional models, problem-based learning (PBL), clinical-based learning (CBL), team-based learning (TBL), multiple-choice question (MCQ), single best answer (SBA), objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), standard setting, qualitative research and quantitative research. This study demonstrates the significant role played by FDPs in Malaysian public medical schools. Medical faculties are advised to incorporate all these domains into their development programmes.
Inflammatory mediator gene expression of the kidneys induced by Daboia siamensis venom and its components

Phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) and metalloprotease (MP) from Daboia siamensis ( Ds ) venom are believed to contribute to renal tissue toxicity. Imbalance of the cytokine system induced by snake envenomation causes tissue injury and cell damage which leads to acute toxic kidney injury. A better understanding of the pathological mechanism involved in renal injury after venom administration is needed. In the present study, we aimed to investigate inflammatory mediator genes (IL-2, IL-10, TNFα, IFN  , and COX-2) in mouse kidney tissue after venom injection. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to detect the cytokine gene profiles. Beta actin was used as a house-keeping gene in order to normalize calculations throughout the experiment. Our results indicated that crude Ds venom, PLA 2 and MP enzymes from the snake venom induced both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines significantly increased the highest level detected at 60 mins except IL-2. IL-2 gene expression prolonged increased high levels until the end of the experiment. In conclusion, PLA 2 induced an up-regulation of COX-2 expression meanwhile MP caused down-regulation in mouse renal tissue. MP had no significant effect on COX-2 expression in this experiment. The results pointed out that IL-2 gene expression plays an important role to induce inflammatory response in kidneys by PLA 2 and MP from Daboia siamensis ( Ds )
ECB text

A separate WHO document intended to provide more detailed guidance on preclinical and laboratory evaluation of vaccines is in preparation. This was subsequently established by the 54th meeting, November 2003, of the WHO Expert Committee or Biological Standardization and is to be published in the WHO Technical Report Series. The section of this document that discusses preclinical and laboratory evaluation consequently provides general guidance, but does not define international regulatory expectations in this area. © World Health Organization WHO Technical Report, Series No. 924, 2004
STUDY OF BIOMARKERS OF DISEASE SENSITIVITY IN A ROBUST AND A STANDARD MATERNAL LINE

Robustness is related to less sensitiveness to stre ss and diseases. The objective of this paper is to study biomarkers of resilience to disease in two commerci al maternal lines, a robust line founded using longevity criteria (line LP) and a standard line (l ine A) after stimulation by vaccination against rab bit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). No clear difference in white blood cells (WBC) was found between lines before and after vaccination (P=0.80). The A line showed lower percentage of lymphocytes (7.13%, P=0.99), lower percentage of monocytes (-2.3 2%, P=0.98) and higher percentage of granulocytes (+9.26%, P=1.00) than the LP line. The se differences were maintained after vaccination. Lower percentage of lymphocytes in line A suggests a higher disease sensitivity of this line, it is known that lymphocytes are involved in the adaptive immune system. A higher basal C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was observed in the lin e A (+41.40 μg/ml, P=1.00). After vaccination, the A line still shows higher CRP concentration (+23.81 μg/ml, P = 0.97), but it should be noticed that th e LP line showed a higher response to stimulation by vaccination than the A line (+14.6 μg/ml, P = 0.93) and this is related to a good functionality o f the inflammatory system (McDade et al., 2005). There is not enough evidence of having differences b tween lines in bilirubin before vaccination (P=0.83) but line A showed lower bilirubin than the LP line after vaccination (-0.14 μmol/l, P = 0.93) . This weak response to stimulation in line A could b e explained by a high susceptibility to diseases of this line. Both lines showed similar concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol before and after vaccination, but the response to vaccination was hi gher in the LP line than in the A line for triglycerides (+0.05 μmol/l, P = 0.90), which is re lat d to a good functionality of the liver metaboli sm in combating infections and reducing inflammations. Rabbit females from line LP showed better disease biomarkers results than line A, which could be related to a higher resistance to diseases.
Detection of Trypanosoma in sheep and goat in Mosul City

In this study, 385 blood samples were collected from sheep and goats of different ages, sex, in order to investigate the presence of trypanosomes in the Mosul city . Blood was examined using routine diagnostic methods (wet blood smear, thin blood smear, thick blood smear, lymphocyte layer method) and stained with a )Gimsa ,Leishman, acridine orangedye) . The study showed that the total infection rate in (sheep and goats) was 21%, and the study also proved that the highest infection rate appeared using the lymphocyte separation method, 21%, without significance differences with thin smears, with significant differences with thick and wet blood smears. There were significant differences between thick and wet blood smears, the results of blood smears stained with Gimsastain indicated the highest infection rate of 21% without a significant difference with acridine orange stain, while blood smears stain with Leishman recorded the lowest infection rate of 16.1%. The results of the study showed that the infection rate In sheep and goats was21.9% and 19.4% respectively, , with no significant differences. , the results showed high percentage of infection in animals greater than one to two years in each of the sheep and goats 40% and 38.5 %, respectively. The highest infection rate in females was recorded in each of the sheep and goats 28.3%, 30.5 % .
INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL OF 2% CHLORHEXIDINE AS A VEHICLE FOR ENHANCING THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AND TRIPLE ANTIBIOTIC PASTE INTRACANAL MEDICAMENTS IN PRIMARY TEETH

Objectives: The objective of this research is to investigate the antibacterial effect of mixing 2% Chlorhexidine with calcium hydroxide or triple antibiotic paste intra-canal medicaments. Materials and Methods: Forty-five single rooted primary teeth were utilized in this study, after the basic chemico-mechanical root cleaning, the roots were sorted randomly into four groups (I- IV) according to the intra-canal medicament used such that; Group I: calcium hydroxide, Group II: triple antibiotic paste, Group III: calcium hydroxide in a 2% chlorhexidine solution and lastly Group IV: triple antibiotic paste in a 2% chlorhexidine solution. Results: The least antibacterial effect was observed in the pure calcium hydroxide group, the antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste is enhanced when mixing the powder components in chlorhexidine solution instead of distilled water, yet the increase of the antibacterial activity is not statistically significant. Conclusions: Multidrug intracanal medicaments are more effective than over single drug medicaments to counteract resistant bacteria in necrotic root canals of primary teeth, in addition chlorhexidine appears to be a viable vehicle for calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste.
CONTEMPORARY FAMILY CHOICE: AREAS OF NIGERIAN FAMILIES' CHANGE LAG

This 'high tech' era is marvellously impacting on all facets of life. The Nigerian family is no exception. Nigerian families are striving to keep pace with the changes which the globalized 'high tech' period is exerting on them. A good number of changes which have been brought to bear on the Nigerian families have been beautifully articulated in this paper. Broadly looking at the families in global perspective and the changes which they are currently experiencing, it is disheartening that Nigerian families are trailing behind the trends in changes in the families in the developed world. The areas in which Nigerian families are lagging behind in trends or developments in the families worldwide are pointed out and explained.
Factors Associated With Pregnancy Occurrence Among Known HIV Positive Women In Rangwe Sub-County, Homa Bay County, Kenya

Globally, the proportions of women of reproductive age living with HIV vary between regions, with significantly higher proportions in sub-Saharan Africa. The scale-up of multiple-drug antiretroviral therapy in Africa has changed childbearing dynamics for HIV-positive women, with an impact on pregnancy incidence, although there is little understanding of the factors associated with pregnancy incidence among these women. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the incidence of pregnancy among HIV positive women in Rangwe Sub-County, and identified the associated personal, medical and community factors, using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 244 women on antiretroviral therapy. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression using SPSS v.23 (α=0.05), while qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. Over 95% of the women had conceived after being diagnosed HIV positive. Age, marital status and CD4 cell count were significantly associated with pregnancy incidence (p<0.05). Partner consent (p=0.034), and partner HIV serostatus (p=0.005) were significantly associated with pregnancy, unlike partner support, partner awareness of participant’s status, defaulting from ARVs, and community or family acceptance of childbearing (p>0.05). Women with undetectable viral load (HIV RNA <50 copies/mL) were 2.7 times more likely to get pregnant compared to women with detectable viral load (OR=2.71; 95%CI=1.8-3.22; p=0.028). The Ministry of Health and relevant stakeholders should improve on the strategies to enhance viral load and CD4 cell count monitoring, HIV status disclosure between sexual partners, and adoption of strategies that promote male partner support to women to get pregnant, and to use family planning methods of choice.
Developing a Clinical Decision Support System for Prediction Postoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Infection in Diabetic Patients

Background: Postoperative infection in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) is one of the most common complications for diabetic patients, due to an increase in the hospitalization and cost. To address these issues, it is necessary to apply some solutions. Objective: The study aimed to the development of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for predicting the CABG postoperative infection in diabetic patients. Material and Methods: This developmental study is conducted on a private hospital in Tehran in 2016. From 1061 CABG surgery medical records, we selected 210 cases randomly. After data gathering, we used statistical tests for selecting related features. Then an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which was a one-layer perceptron network model and a supervised training algorithm with gradient descent, was constructed using MATLAB software. The software was then developed and tested using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) diagram and the confusion matrix. Results: Based on the correlation analysis, from 28 variables in the data, 20 variables had a significant relationship with infection after CABG (P<0.05). The results of the confusion matrix showed that the sensitivity of the system was 69%, and the specificity and the accuracy were 97% and 84%, respectively. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) diagram shows the appropriate performance of the CDSS. Conclusion: The use of CDSS can play an important role in predicting infection after CABG in patients with diabetes. The designed software can be used as a supporting tool for physicians to predict infections caused by CABG in diabetic patients as a susceptible group. However, other factors affecting infection must also be considered for accurate prediction.