Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Order Methods for Parabolic Equations using a Space-Time Flux Reconstruction Approach

A novel implementation of the ﬂux reconstruction (FR) approach featuring a hyperbolic reformulation of the governing equations in space-time is presented for viscous linear and non-linear ﬂow problems in both one and two spatial dimensions. The procedure generates high-order accurate schemes — in both space and time — that can analyse diﬀusion-type equations by recasting second-order equations as ﬁrst-order systems. Conventional high-order accurate analysis of parabolic equations is severely restricted by limits on time step, which can be avoided by reformulation into a system of hyperbolic equations, with the caveat that only steady solutions may be considered. However, the computation of the resulting system within the space-time FR framework permits the high-order accuracy analysis of unsteady ﬂows with rapid convergence to the steady state, in the pseudo-time sense, within a procedure that can be implemented in a straightforward manner for diﬀusion-type problems. Eigendecomposition is used to demonstrate that the new systems are hyperbolic in nature for both the 1D and 2D Advection-Diﬀusion Equations. The development and successful implementation of ﬁrst-order space-time FR schemes for the 1D and 2D Diﬀusion Equations is illustrated. It is also veriﬁed that the target order-of-accuracy (OOA) is achieved for schemes involving both one and two spatial dimensions. An application of the space-time ﬂux reconstruction approach to the Euler Equations is presented and discussed, with a view to future implementation to the Unsteady Navier-Stokes Equations with similar hyperbolic reformulation of viscous terms.
Onset and demise dates of the rainy season in the South American monsoon region: A cluster analysis result

This work proposes an adaptation of the method developed in previous papers to determine the onset and demise of the rainy season (ONR and DER) dates in the areas of the South American monsoon system (SAMS) based on the pentad antisymmetric outgoing long‐wave radiation (AOLR). In those papers, the sign change of the mean AOLR in the central Amazon Basin (CAM) and western central Brazil (WCB) from positive to negative defined the ONR, from negative to positive, the DER dates. Since the monsoon convection presents a northwest–southeast oriented progression, the antisymmetric area to the WCB was selected subjectively. Thus, here we propose to use the Ward hierarchical clustering method to select areas in the SAMS and in the northern tropical America (NTA) for the regionalized AOLR calculation. The significant (at the 95% confidence level) negative correlations with the largest magnitude among the clusters in the SAMS and NTA and the outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR) and precipitation annual cycles in each group define the pairs to calculate the AOLR. Then, the AOLR time series is calculated and subjected to a 5‐pentad running mean filter. This method keeps the climatological features of the convection annual cycle such that the closer (farther) the pair is to the equator the longer (shorter) the rainy season. The ONR and DER dates found with this new method are remarkably close to those found previously. Therefore, the new method proposed here highlights regional aspects of rainy season and can easily be automatized for its routine application at the operational climate monitoring centres, for instance at INPE. This is the most important advantage of the method and might be relevant to the SAMS rainy season monitoring.
Species distribution of Quercus (Fagaceae) along an altitude gradient, reveals zonation in a hotspot

Background: The genus Quercus has a keystone role in the temperate forests in the northern hemisphere; thus this offers an interesting opportunity to use it as a model to know altitudinal species richness patterns which could be used in further studies and projects in biodiversity conservation. Questions: It is possible to detect an altitudinal gradient based on the genus Quercus distribution? What climatic variables are most important in the altitudinal distribution of the genus Quercus? Study site: The physiographic province of Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) located southwest of Mexico. Methods: Based on 3,267 herbarium registers of 61 species, a data matrix was created with the presence/absence of each species in altitudinal intervals of 100 m. Then a similarity matrix was obtained using the Sorensen-Dice index in the R software. Through a discriminant analysis, we evaluated for environmental differences among the altitudinal zones previously obtained through a cluster analysis. Results: We found three altitudinal zones, each one defined by exclusive species, and two important species turnover points. The species richness distribution showed a hump-shaped pattern along the altitudinal gradient. The overall model was highly significant, evidencing the existence of different temperature and precipitation regimes throughout the altitudinal distribution of oaks species in SMS. Conclusions: The altitudinal distribution of oak species in the SMS is not homogeneous and is restricted mainly due to differences in the precipitation and temperature regimes. The altitudinal distribution pattern found in this study could be explained considering ecological and historical factors.
Gender Differences in the Comorbidity of ADHD Symptoms and Specific Learning Disorders in a Population-Based Sample

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit comorbid specific learning disorders. In clinical samples, comorbidity in girls with ADHD tends to be more common than in boys with ADHD. However, this is not the case in studies of random samples. In this paper gender differences in the comorbidity of ADHD symptoms and learning disorders in reading, spelling and math are explored in a population-based sample of 2605 3rd and 4th graders (1304 girls) without symptoms of ADHD and 415 (141 girls) with symptoms of ADHD. Girls with ADHD symptoms had higher ratios of comorbid math disorders than boys with ADHD symptoms, but not with reading or spelling disorders. Math achievement was predicted by gender and by symptoms of inattention. Girls with ADHD symptoms and math disorders received the same amount of additional support from teachers or therapists as boys with ADHD symptoms and math disorders. Our results highlight the importance of exploring the increased comorbidity of specific learning disorders in children with ADHD symptoms and especially with math disorders in girls with ADHD symptoms. Implications for providing suitable interventions and preventing the accumulation of academic problems are discussed.
Mapping Disinformation During the Covid-19 in Indonesia: Qualitative Content Analysis

During life-threatening situations such as the Covid-19 pandemic, disinformation is rife. While people project their affective aspects into understanding the situation, their fear of Covid-19 interferes with their logical and reasonable assessment of disinformation. Less credible information such as rumors becomes reliable for some people. This study aims to map the disinformation category based on the Ministry of Communication and Information report from January to March 2020. There are 359 hoaxes with five categories and 30 sub-categories. This study uses qualitative content analysis as a method. The study results revealed that most of the disinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic was related to the spread of hoaxes on health issues. This research implies that several recommendations are made to respond to the urgency of handling disinformation during Covid-19 in Indonesia, such as initiating digital literacy and media literacy in the national education system.
Subsurface Geological Characterization of the Late Neogene–Quaternary Argive Basin, Peloponnese, Greece Using Transient Electromagnetic Data and Vintage Stratigraphic Logs

The onshore and offshore clastic deposits of the Argive Basin and the Argolic Gulf, respectively, in Peloponnese, Greece, form a Late Neogene–Quaternary half-graben that connects with the Aegean Sea. The onshore Late Neogene–Quaternary sequence, comprised of chaotically intercalated cohesive and granular clastic deposits, is in angular unconformity with bedrock comprised of Triassic–Upper Cretaceous strongly-weathered, highly-fractured karstic limestones thrusted against Paleogene flysch deposits. While the surface geology of the Argive Basin is well-known, the subsurface geology remains both poorly mapped and understood. We utilized transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings coupled with 185 vintage stratigraphic logs, current surface geology knowledge, and insights from available geophysical surveys to characterize the subsurface conditions of this sedimentary basin. We estimated the thickness of the young deposits (the depth to bedrock) and detected potential subsurface tectonic structures. The TEM-FAST 48HPC data acquisition system with integrated inversion and visualization software package was used with a single-loop dimension of 50 m × 50 m to collect a total of 329 TEM soundings at 151 stations scattered throughout the basin. The TEM station spacing varied from 200 to 750 m allowing the mapping of 80 km2. The total depth of investigation with the inverted TEM data and the lithology logs was 130 m and 183 m, respectively. The joint interpretation produced several quasi-two-dimensional electrical resistivity profiles that traverse the sedimentary basin in various azimuths and depth slices of average electrical resistivity covering the basin. The depth slices and the vintage stratigraphic logs revealed an uneven bedrock topography overlain by an irregularly thick (over 180 m) Late Neogene–Quaternary heterolithic sediment cover.
Science Mapping: A Scientometric Review on Resource Curses, Dutch Diseases, and Conflict Resources during 1993–2020

Over the past few decades, the wealth of Africa has not made African wealthy. There is a voicing that Africa is cursed, whether richly poor or poorly rich. Sub-Saharan Africa is commonplace for political turbulence, as well as humanitarian and economic misery. In such a catastrophic situa-tion, political economics studies have focused on the Resource Curses, Dutch Diseases, and Con-flict Resources in this area. A systematic scientometric analysis of this field would be beneficial but is currently lacking in the academic literature. Using VOSviewer and CiteSpace, this review fills the void by analyzing the 1783 articles published in the WoS SSCI Collection between 1993 and 2020 on the “Resource Curses”, “Dutch Diseases”, and “Conflict Resources”. The author dis-cusses recent papers with disruptive potential, references with the most robust citation explora-tions, and cooperation networks between authors and institutes. Three hotspots were detected: the causes and effects of the Resource curses; the interaction among the Resource Curses, Dutch Diseases, and Conflict Resources; the factors that affect rent collection and regime resilience. While the literature on the “Resource curse” and “Dutch Disease” has been around longer, studies on “Conflict Resources” are picking up quickly. Conflict Resources were characterized by active citation exploration keywords and multiple active co-citation clusters, including possibly groundbreaking articles. There is a massive overlap between the three strings of literature, but each one has its emphasis.
Potential-Scanning Sensing for Refractive Index Using an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)-Coated Long-Period Fiber Grating (LPFG)

Abstract Here is presented a potential-scanning sensing technique for refractive index detection using a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) coated with indium tin oxide (ITO). The LPFG was produced by an electric arc-induced technique. The sensing is achieved by controlling the electron density of the ITO electrode by potential scanning. The attenuation peak of the LPFG in the transmittance spectra is shifted by the application of a potential. Therefore, a transmittance–potential spectrum with an attenuation peak is obtained during potential scanning, and the refractive index near the sensor can be determined from the peak potential at attenuation. The ITO-LPFG was successfully employed to experimentally perform potential-scanning for refractive index detection in sucrose solutions with concentrations between 0% and 33%. A sensor resolution of 0.0063 ΔRI and a sensitivity of 9.9 V/RIU were obtained using this approach. These values were improved using wavelengths that were experimentally shown to provide high sensitivity and refractive index linearity. A minimum sensor resolution of 0.0017 ΔRI and a maximum sensitivity of 26.7 V/RIU were obtained at 1136 nm. The measurements determined from the peak potential in this work were unaffected by variations in the initial light intensity for individual samples. In addition, this sensing approach can be employed in the near-infrared region and is capable of real-time and remote monitoring.
Environmental Impacts of Using Municipal Biosolids on Soil, Plant and Groundwater Qualities

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three different rates of municipal biosolids produced in Qatar on plant characteristics and soil texture and its potential impacts on groundwater. Petunia atkinsiana, was used in this study. The experiment took place in a greenhouse in pots with soil mixed with 0, 3, 5, and 7 kg/m2 biosolids. Pelletized class A biosolids from the Doha North Sewage Treatment Plant were used. Results revealed significant differences in all measured parameters, which were affected by biosolid treatments compared to the control treatment. Electrical conductivity, pH, macro and micronutrients and heavy metals were significantly affected by biosolid treatments. The comparison of the discovered levels against the international acceptable ceilings of pollutants indicated the advantages of utilizing class A biosolids, as they were well below the international acceptable levels and showed the best test rates, indicating that the product is a sustainable and efficient organic fertilizer for ornamental plants. Furthermore, the results highlight no potential significant impacts on groundwater due to trace presence of heavy metals, owing to the nature of deep groundwater in Qatar and the usage of modern irrigation devices that fulfil the exact needs of plants in a harsh climate and high evaporation rate.
Determination of Exosome Mitochondrial DNA as a Biomarker of Renal Cancer Aggressiveness

Simple Summary Components of liquid biopsy are potential non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring renal cell carcinoma (RCC) status. The aim of our study was to examine mitochondrial genes (such as HV1 and CYB) included in exosomal fractions as promising and innovative biomarkers in RCC. We found that phase C containing different types of vesicles and phase F rich in exosomes with a high mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content could be considered as powerful biomarkers for susceptibility to RCC. Interestingly, mtDNA was a good genetic marker when aggressiveness was evaluated. Abstract Here, the role of non-invasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy was evaluated, mainly in exosomes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as promising, novel, and stable biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A total of 140 fractions (named from B to F) obtained by ultracentrifugations of whole blood samples from 28 individuals (13 patients and 15 controls) were included. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) was conducted to characterized exosomal fraction. Subsequently, an analysis of digital PCR (dPCR) using the QuantStudio™ 3D Digital PCR platform was performed and the quantification of mtDNA copy number by QuantStudioTM 12K Flex Real-Time PCR System (qPCR) was developed. Moreover, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses were included using MiSeq system (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). An F fraction, which contains all exosome data and all mitochondrial markers, was identified in dPCR and qPCR with statistically significant power (adjusted p values ≤ 0.03) when comparing cases and controls. Moreover, present analysis in mtDNA showed a relevant significance in RCC aggressiveness. To sum up, this is the first time a relation between exosomal mtDNA markers and clinical management of RCC is analyzed. We suggest a promising strategy for future liquid biopsy RCC analysis, although more analysis should be performed prior to application in routine clinical practice.
Determinants of installing solar power generation equipment in Taiwan: a viewpoint of integrating market environment and government policy

ABSTRACT As the scale and schedule of installing solar power generation equipment are accelerated by Taiwan’s government to respond to the global climate policy, more effective policy measures are required by the Bureau of Energy to attract private funds to invest in solar power. In order to search for effective policy measures, this study developed a research scale to explore the determinants of Taiwan’s institutions/ corporations investment in solar power generation equipment. The results of this study show that the benefits and costs in the market environment directly affect the behavioral intentions of the institutions/corporations regarding the installation of solar power generation equipment in Taiwan. “Land use,” “equipment certification and inspection,” and “an infrastructure of renewable energy” are three factors that indirectly affect the installation of solar power generation equipment through public trust, government satisfaction, and governmental policies.
Effects of silicon in plants with particular reference to horticultural crops - Review article

Silicon (Si) has long been considered as non-essential element for plant’s growth and production. Numerous efforts are being made for the discovery of its beneficial effects with large scale studies laying foundation for new findings and hypotheses. Therefore, Si has been suggested to be a quasi-essential element due to its positive effects against biotic and abiotic stresses alike. Though Si is the second most abundant element in the soil profile, its availability to plants is limited to the form of monosilicic acid only. Besides, plants’ ability to take-up Si and use it in their physiological processes also depends on the available transporters associated with it. Thus, the present review covers uptake and transport of silicon in plants as well as Si mediated physiological processes, including mechanisms underlying induced tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses with a particular emphasis on horticultural species.
School Counselors’ Perceptions and Understandings of Lockdown Drills: Navigating the Paradox of Safety and Fear

This research sought to develop an initial understanding of how mandated policies related to lockdown safety drills are enacted in response to active shooter scenarios within PK-Grade 12 public schools. In light of a scant research base exploring the effectiveness and impacts of such policies and procedures, we explored the question, What are school counselors’ lived experiences with lockdown drills? Using a phenomenological design, we interviewed 26 school counselors from five school districts from the Southeastern United States during the 2019 academic year. Findings center around four key themes: Awareness of School Violence, Necessity and Variability in Preparation, Paradox of Safety, and Communication as Support and Challenge. We will discuss the tensions, or push and pulls/contradictions, that are a part of both drills and actual incidents across these themes. To conclude, we present recommendations for further research and policy to support informed, reflexive action.
Bituminous Pavement Reinforcement with Fiber: A Review

This paper attempts to display, analyze and discuss the literature affiliated to the previous research data on road surfacing in pavement engineering reinforcement. In this paper, a review of the background and present status of road surfacing is also provided for supportive explanation of the significance of fiber-reinforced asphalt pavement HMA and its role in providing effective and durable surfacing for heavy-trafficked roads. The paper attempts to clarify some of the terms and notions related to the discussions to give the readers the needed background, to be able to actively understand the experiments and discussions. Results from many studies confirm that fiber specifically enhances the optimum bitumen content in the design of the mixture and halts the bitumen leakage due to its asphalt absorbing susceptibility. Fiber modifies the visco-elastic response, susceptibility against moisture, increase resistance to rutting, as well as lowers the pavement fatigue cracking.
INVESTIGATION OF IMPEDIMENT FACTORS IN PROPERTY TAX REVALUATION PRACTICES

Property tax is a form of taxation payable by real estate owners on their holdings because of their ownership or possession of the property. In Malaysia, a property tax revaluation is done once every five years or within an extended period as determined by the state government. However, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia has recorded that most local authorities have not revalued their property for almost 35 years. Thus, the researchers conducted a focus group interview to identify the impediments in a revaluation of property tax among local authorities. The participants consisted of forty-three (43) officers from twentytwo (22) local authorities in the West of Malaysia. Data from focus groups identified were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings from the focus group revealed four (4) main impediment factors, namely (1) lack of knowledge in property tax revaluation paperwork, (2) lack of workforce, (3) cost constraints, and (4) time-consuming.
Softening of Processed Plant Virus Infected Cucumis sativus L. Fruits

Texture softening of pickled cucumbers does not meet consumers’ quality expectations and leads to economic losses. The factor(s) triggering this phenomenon is still unknown. We investigated the importance of plant viruses such as Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CGMMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) in the context of softening of pickles. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were infected by mechanical inoculation, grown under greenhouse conditions and tested positive for the viral infection by ELISA. The severity of virus infection was reflected in yield and symptom expression. Histological and morphological alterations were observed. All fruits were pasteurized, separately stored in jars and subjected to texture measurements after four, six and 12 months. CGMMV-infections were asymptomatic or caused mild symptoms on leaves and fruit, and texture quality was comparable to control. At the same time, fruits of ZYMV-infected plants showed severe symptoms like deformations and discoloration, as well as a reduction in firmness and crunchiness after pasteurization. In addition, histological alterations were detected in such fruits, possibly causing textural changes. We conclude that plant viruses could have a considerable influence on the firmness and crunchiness of pickled cucumbers after pasteurization. It is possible that the severity of symptom expression has an influence on texture properties.