Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES Assessment of Psychological Indicators Influencing the Prevalence of Teenage Pregnancies among High School Students in Mbeere North Sub-County, Embu County, Kenya

continent continue to experience high cases of adolescent and teen pregnancies. of 18.8%. In early pregnancies are linked to high levels of poverty and competition for affection and validation by men. This view is consistent with African culture where boys and men are considered as main decision makers when it comes to sexual matters. However, these factors lead to many negative effects in the lives of the young mothers, deeply affecting their physical and psychological wellbeing. Adolescent pregnancies are becoming worrisome and have reached alarming rates in Kenya. According to the statistics by WHO (2020), it is estimated that a quarter of Kenyan women often sire children before or when they attain 18 years. In Mbeere area, these cases are attributed to influence of media and exposure to western culture. The erosion of Abstract: The purpose of the study was to find out the influence of psychological indicators of teenage pregnancies among high school students in Mbeere North Sub County, Embu, Kenya. Psychosocial development theory was used to guide the study. Mixed methods approach utilizing both quantitative and qualitative research was applied. Target population was 142 individuals, comprising of 47 guidance and counselling teachers, 35 community health and health workers and 60 parents and caregivers. A census was done to include all the 142 individuals in order to increase response rate and statistical power. The study’s descriptive and thematic findings showed that peer pressure leads to teenagers’ adaptation of behaviours from their peer groups, and fosters social influence, predisposing them to risky sexual activities and subsequent early pregnancies. The inferential findings however indicated that there was no statistically significant influence between peer pressure and teenage pregnancies among high school students. The implications of the study findings are discussed.
Avian Inﬂuenza A Virus Polymerase Association with Nucleoprotein, but Not Polymerase Assembly, Is Impaired in Human Cells during the Course of Infection (cid:1)

Strong determinants of the host range of inﬂuenza A viruses have been identiﬁed on the polymerase complex formed by the PB1, PB2, and PA subunits and on the nucleoprotein (NP). In the present study, molecular mechanisms that may involve these four core proteins and contribute to the restriction of avian inﬂuenza virus multiplication in human cells have been investigated. The efﬁciencies with which the polymerase complexes of a human and an avian inﬂuenza virus isolate assemble and interact with the viral NP and cellular RNA polymerase II proteins were compared in mammalian and in avian infected cells. To this end, recombinant inﬂuenza viruses expressing either human or avian-derived core proteins with a PB2 protein fused to the One-Strep puriﬁcation tag at the N or C terminus were generated. Copuriﬁcation experiments performed on infected cell extracts indicate that the avian-derived polymerase is assembled and interacts physically with the cellular RNA polymerase II at least as efﬁciently as does the human-derived polymerase in human as well as in avian cells. Restricted growth of the avian isolate in human cells correlates with low levels of the core proteins in infected cell extracts and with poor association of the NP with the polymerase compared to what is observed for the human isolate. The NP-polymerase association is restored by a Glu-to-Lys substitution at residue 627 of PB2. Overall, our data point to viral and cellular factors regulating the NP-polymerase interaction as key determinants of inﬂuenza A virus host range. Recombinant viruses expressing a tagged polymerase should prove useful for further studies of the molecular interactions between viral polymerase and host factors during the infection cycle.
What do we Learn from the Financial Flows of the 2008-2009 Crisis? ∗

We provide a descriptive account of aggregate and bank-level ﬁnancial ﬂows that occurred during the ﬁnancial crisis of 2007-2009 and its aftermath. We collect the following facts: [1] the commercial banking system increased their assets by as much as the shadow banking industry was reduced. [2] Traditional banks suﬀered $656B equity losses. [3] There has been a persistent and substantial discrepancy between book and market equity values for many banks during the period. [4] Low market-to-book banks predicted low earnings and dividend payments. [5] Despite [4], there are no substantial diﬀerences in lending and borrowing in the cross-section: book assets seem to be sticky. We draw on these observations to raise further empirical questions and suggest guidelines for improving banking and macroeconomic models.
Inﬂuence of the APOA5 locus on plasma triglyceride, lipoprotein subclasses, and CVD risk in the Framingham Heart Study

Several polymorphisms in the APOA5 gene have been associated with increased plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations. However, associations between APOA5 and lipoprotein subclasses, remnant-like particles (RLPs), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk have been less explored. We investigated associations of ﬁve APOA5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; (cid:2) 1131T (cid:2) C, (cid:2) 3A (cid:2) G, 56C (cid:2) G IVS3 (cid:3) 476G (cid:2) A, and 1259T (cid:2) C) with lipoprotein subfractions and CVD risk in 1,129 men and 1,262 women participating in the Framingham Heart Study. Except for the 56C (cid:2) G SNP, the other SNPs were in signiﬁcant linkage disequilibria, re-sulting in three haplotypes (11111, 22122, and 11211) representing 98% of the population. SNP analyses revealed that the (cid:2) 1131T (cid:2) C and 56C (cid:2) G SNPs were signiﬁcantly associated
Modulation of ﬂuid temperature ﬂuctuations by particles in turbulence

Modulation of ﬂuid temperature ﬂuctuations by particles due to thermal interaction in homogeneous isotropic turbulence is studied. For simplicity, only thermal coupling between the ﬂuid and particles is considered, and momentum coupling is neglected. Application of the statistical theory used in cloud turbulence research leads to the prediction that modulation of the intensity of ﬂuid temperature ﬂuctuations by particles is expressed as a function of the Damköhler number, which is deﬁned as the ratio of the turbulence large-eddy turnover time to the ﬂuid thermal relaxation time. Direct numerical simulations are conducted for two-way thermal coupling between the ﬂuid temperature ﬁeld and point particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The simulation results are shown to agree well with the theoretical predictions.
Plk4 and Aurora A cooperate in the initiation of acentriolar spindle assembly in mammalian oocytes

A alone. Drug-resistant Plk4 can enhance Aurora A–mediated rescue, and, accordingly, Plk4 can phosphorylate and potentiate the activity of Aurora A in vitro . Both kinases function distinctly from Ran, which amplifies microtubule growth. We conclude that Aurora A and Plk4 are rate-limiting factors contribut-ing to microtubule growth as the acentriolar oocyte resumes meiosis.
Lifetimes of some $b$-flavored hadrons

Recent measurements of lifetimes of some $b$-flavored hadrons are presented and interpreted in the context of theoretical models, especially the Heavy Quark Expansion. Decay widths and decay width differences in the $B_s^0-\overline{B}_s^0$ system are discussed from studies of decays into the final states $J/\psi K^+K^-$, $J/\psi \pi^+\pi^-$, $D_s^+D_s^-$, $K^+K^-$, and $D_s^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}$. Lifetime measurements of the baryons $\Lambda_b^0$, $\Xi_b^-$, $\Xi_b^0$, and $\Omega_b^-$ are also shown.
antioxidants Hypoglycemic Effect of Resveratrol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

: Resveratrol (RV) is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inﬂammatory, and hypoglycemic properties. Several in vitro and animal model studies have demonstrated the beneﬁcial effects of RV; however, the results in humans are not conclusive. After a search of different databases, 32 studies were selected for this systematic review and 30 were included in the meta-analysis. Studies that evaluated the effect of RV on glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were included. A signiﬁcant decrease of glucose ( − 5.24 mg/dL, p = 0.002) and insulin levels ( − 1.23 mIU/L, p = 0.0003) was observed. HbA1c and HOMA-IR did not show signiﬁcant changes. Due to heterogeneity, sub-analyzes were performed. Sub-analysis by dose revealed that glucose levels improve signiﬁcantly after the administration of 500–1000 mg/day of RV ( − 7.54 mg/dL, p = 0.002), while insulin improves with doses lower than 500 mg/day ( − 1.43 mIU/L, p = 0.01) and greater than 1000 mg/day ( − 2.12 mIU/L, p = 0.03). HbA1c and HOMA-IR remained unchanged after sub-analysis by dose. Our ﬁndings suggest that RV improves glucose and insulin levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and aged 45–59 years, regardless of the duration of the intervention. HbA1c improves with interventions ≥ 3 months. HOMA-IR does not exhibit signiﬁcant changes after RV administration. Risk of Bias and Quality of Studies B.I. G. -M. M.R. -R. ; J.P.-C. ; E.S. -O. ; J.P.-C. V.M. M. -N. ; B.I. G. -M. writing—review V.M. M. -N. ; visualiza-tion, E.S. -O. ; supervision, J.P.-C. ; project administration, V.M. M. -N. ; funding acquisition, M.R. -R.
The timing of Mediterranean sapropel deposition relative to insolation, sea-level and African monsoon changes

The Mediterranean basin is sensitive to global sea-level changes and African monsoon variability on orbital timescales. Both of these processes are thought to be important to the deposition of organic-rich sediment layers or 'sapropels' throughout the eastern Mediterranean, yet their relative influences remain ambiguous. A related issue is that an assumed 3-kyr lag between boreal insolation maxima and sapropel mid-points remains to be tested. Here we present new geochemical and ice-volume-corrected planktonic foraminiferal stable isotope records for sapropels S1 (Holocene), S3, S4, and S5 (Marine Isotope Stage 5) in core LC21 from the southern Aegean Sea. The records have a radiometrically constrained chronology that has already been synchronised with the Red Sea relative sea-level record, and this allows detailed examination of the timing of sapropel deposition relative to insolation, sea-level, and African monsoon changes. We find that sapropel onset was near-synchronous with monsoon run-off into the eastern Mediterranean, but that insolation-sapropel/monsoon phasings were not systematic through the last glacial cycle. These latter phasings instead appear to relate to sea-level changes. We propose that persistent meltwater discharges into the North Atlantic (e.g., at glacial terminations) modified the timing of sapropel deposition by delaying the timing of peak African monsoon run-off. These observations may reconcile apparent model data offsets with respect to the orbital pacing of the African monsoon. Our observations also imply that the previous assumption of a systematic 3-kyr lag between insolation maxima and sapropel midpoints may lead to overestimated insolation sapropel phasings. Finally, we surmise that both sea-level rise and monsoon run-off contributed to surface-water buoyancy changes at times of sapropel deposition, and their relative influences differed per sapropel case, depending on their magnitudes. Sea-level rise was clearly important for sapropel Sl, whereas monsoon forcing was more important for sapropels S3, S4, and S5.
CAN STRUCTURAL SMALL OPEN ECONOMY MODELS ACCOUNT

This paper evaluates whether an estimated, structural, small open economy model of the Canadian economy can account for the substantial inuence of foreign-sourced disturbances identi ed in numerous reduced-form studies. The analysis shows that the benchmark model  and a number of variants which include a range of market imperfections  imply cross-equation restrictions that are too stringent when confronted with the data, yielding implausible parameter estimates. While appropriate choice of ad hoc disturbances can relax these cross-equation restrictions and therefore capture certain properties of the data  for instance, the volatility and persistence of the real exchange rate  and yield plausible parameter estimates, this success is quali ed by the models inability to account for the transmission of foreign disturbances to the domestic economy: less than one percent of the variance of output is explained by foreign shocks. We thank seminar participants at the Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank, Cleveland Federal Reserve Bank Conference on DSGE and Factor Models, the joint ECB, Lowy Institute and CAMA conference on Globalisation and Regionalism, Reserve Bank of Australia, The Riksbank conference on Structural Analysis of Business Cycles in the Open Economy, University of Washington and particularly Gunter Coenen, Paulo Giordani, Thomas Lubik and Adrian Pagan for discussions and comments and the PER Seed Grant at Columbia University for nancial support. The usual caveat applies. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authorsand should not be interpreted as reecting the views of the Board of Governors or any person associated with the Federal Reserve. yBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Division of Monetary A¤airs. E-mail: alejandro.justiniano@frb.gov zDepartment of Economics, Columbia University, 420 West 118th St, New York NY 10027. E-mail: bp2121@columbia.edu.
Hyperthermia-Induced Limitations and Adaptations to Exercise in the Heat

Purpose Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) is commonly assessed using the CO re-breathing method with the subject in the seated position. This may lead to an underestimation of Hbmass as blood in lower extremity veins while seated may not be tagged with carbon monoxide (CO) during the rebreathing period. Methods To test this hypothesis, CO re-breathing was performed on four occasions in nine male subjects, twice in the seated position and twice in combination with light cycle ergometer exercise (1 W/kg body-weight) intending to accelerate blood circulation and thereby potentially allowing for a better distribution of CO throughout the circulation as compared to in the seated position. Blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein and the saphenous magna vein following the re-breathing procedure. Results In the seated position, CO re-breathing increased the percent carboxyhemoglobin (%HbCO) in the antecubital vein to 8.9 % (7.8–10.7) [median (min–max)], but less (P = 0.017) in the saphenous magna vein [7.8 % (5.0–9.9)]. With exercise, no differences in %HbCO were observed between sampling sites. As a result, CO rebreathing in combination with exercise revealed a *3 % higher (P = 0.008) Hbmass, i.e., 936 g (757–1,018) as compared to 908 g (718–940) at seated rest. Conclusion This study suggests an uneven distribution of CO in the circulation if the CO re-breathing procedure is performed at rest in the seated position and therefore can underestimate Hbmass.
Tightness criteria for laws of semimartingales

On montre que si l'on munit l'espace des trajectoires cādlāg de la topologie de la convergence en mesure (beaucoup plus faible que la topologie des Skorohod), on obtient des criteres tres commodes de compacite etroite pour des ensembles bornes de lois de quasimartingales et de semimartingales. On etudie la stabilite de diverses classes de processus pour ce mode de convergence
Large-scale streaks in wall-bounded turbulent flows: amplification, instability, self-sustaining process and control

Sur la plateforme de theses en ligne Tel on trouve le resume suivant en anglais : Wall-bounded turbulent flows such as plane Couette flow, channel, pipe flows and boundary layer flows are fundamental problem of interest that we often meet in many scientific and engineering situations. The goal of the present thesis is to investigate the origin of large-scale streaky motions observed in the wall-bounded turbulent flows. Under a hypothesis that the large-scale streaky motions sustain with a process similar to the well-known near-wall self-sustaining cycle, the present thesis have pursued on four separate subjects: (i) non-modal amplification of streaks, (ii) the secondary instability of the finite amplitude streaks, (iii) existence of a self-sustaining process at large scale and (iv) turbulent skin friction reduction by forcing streaks. First, using a linear model with turbulent mean flow and the related eddy viscosity, it is shown that the streaks are largely amplified by harmonic and stochastic forcing. The largely amplified streaks undergo the secondary instability and it has been associated with the formation of the large-scale motions (bulge). The existence of a self-sustaining process involving the amplification and instability of streaks at large scale is proved by quenching the smaller-scale energy carrying eddies in the near-wall and logarithmic regions. Finally, it is shown that artificially forcing of large-scale streaks reduce the turbulent skin friction up to 10 % by attenuating the near-wall streamwise vortices.
The performance of field sampling for parasite detection in a wild passerine

Abstract Parasites can impact the behavior of animals and alter the interplay with ecological factors in their environment. Studying the effects that parasites have on animals thus requires accurate estimates of infections in individuals. However, quantifying parasites can be challenging due to several factors. Laboratory techniques, physiological fluctuations, methodological constraints, and environmental influences can introduce measurement errors, in particular when screening individuals in the wild. These issues are pervasive in ecological studies where it is common to sample study subjects only once. Such factors should be carefully considered when choosing a sampling strategy, yet presently there is little guidance covering the major sources of error. In this study, we estimate the reliability and sensitivity of different sampling practices at detecting two internal parasites—Serratospiculoides amaculata and Isospora sp. —in a model organism, the great tit Parus major. We combine field and captive sampling to assess whether individual parasite infection status and load can be estimated from single field samples, using different laboratory techniques—McMaster and mini‐FLOTAC. We test whether they vary in their performance, and quantify how sample processing affects parasite detection rates. We found that single field samples had elevated rates of false negatives. By contrast, samples collected from captivity over 24 h were highly reliable (few false negatives) and accurate (repeatable in the intensity of infection). In terms of methods, we found that the McMaster technique provided more repeatable estimates than the mini‐FLOTAC for S. amaculata eggs, and both techniques were largely equally suitable for Isospora oocysts. Our study shows that field samples are likely to be unreliable in accurately detecting the presence of parasites and, in particular, for estimating parasite loads in songbirds. We highlight important considerations for those designing host–parasite studies in captive or wild systems giving guidance that can help select suitable methods, minimize biases, and acknowledge possible limitations.
Estimating the mean and variance of the target probability distribution

Introduces a method that estimates the mean and the variance of the probability distribution of the target as a function of the input, given an assumed target error-distribution model. Through the activation of an auxiliary output unit, this method provides a measure of the uncertainty of the usual network output for each input pattern. The authors derive the cost function and weight-update equations for the example of a Gaussian target error distribution, and demonstrate the feasibility of the network on a synthetic problem where the true input-dependent noise level is known. <<ETX>>
A model for selecting appropriate technology for incubator-university collaboration by considering the technology transfer mechanism

A technology incubator provides an important support for a technology transfer mechanism. A technology incubator bridges the incubatees to the technology provider. In our research, we propose a technology selection model for the incubatees. Incubator managers, as decision-makers, attempt to evaluate new technology for the incubatees by comparing its profit with that of the old or established technology. The technology is proposed by a technology provider, which in this case is a university. In the technology selection activity, the distance between the technology level of incubatees and transferred technology should be considered. Unfortunately, there has been no effort to formulate a technology selection model in the technology incubator that considers the technology distance and is linked to the incubatees’ profit as financial performance. We examine the impact of the technological-level and technology assimilation rate in the technology selection process in the technology incubator. We analyse the external factor of customer acceptance of new technology with a probabilistic value and technology obsolescence. Furthermore, we introduce a profit-sharing scheme to share the profit of the incubatees with the university as a technology provider. Utilising a profit-sharing scheme means sharing the risk between incubatees and the university.
Soil water hysteresis prediction model based on theory and geometric scaling

Hysteresis in the water retention characteristic of a soil is important in prediction of soil hydraulic properties and in description of vadose zone flow and transport processes. Although a number of models have been proposed, some are entirely empirical and others are inconvenient to use. We apply a theoretical approach to derive parameters for a more suitable model based on the concept of rational extrapolation. Considering the water retention curve to be described by three parameters, the first defining the shape of the curve and the two others scaling the soil water pressure head and volumetric soil water content, three geometrical scaling conditions are derived. The first condition determines a shape parameter which is identical for all wetting and drying curves and independent of their scanning order; the second defines the relation between the pressure head scale and the water content scale specific to each curve in wetting or drying; and the third condition determines specific water content scale parameters according to the points of departure and arrival of each scanning curve. Equations necessary for the calculation of the different scale parameters are derived. Given the saturated water content, all main, primary and higher order scanning curves can be predicted from knowledge of only one curve, although in practice knowledge of a main or primary curve is desirable. Constraints such as the need for scanning curves to be closed and to lie inside curves of a lower scanning order are automatically satisfied. The method is illustrated using the van Genuchten water retention function but could also be applied to other functional forms. Results agree well with the existing data. It appears that knowledge.