Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mulberry Leaf TMR on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Expression of Meat Quality Master Genes (ADSL, H-FABP) in Crossbred Black Goats

This study was conducted to examine the effect of a mulberry leaf total mixed ration (TMR) diet on growth performance, apparent digestibility, meat quality and the expression of related meat-quality genes (ADSL, H-FABP) in crossbred black goats. Forty-four Guizhou crossbred black goats (Nubian black goat ♂ × Guizhou black goat ♀), weighing 33.43 ± 0.55 kg, were chosen. The goats were randomly divided into four groups, with 11 test replicates in each group. Group I was the control group and fed with the traditional feeding method of roughage and concentrate supplement without adding mulberry leaf. Group II was fed with a 40% mulberry leaf pellet TMR diet. Group III was fed with a freshly processed 40% mulberry leaf TMR diet. Group IV was fed with a 40% mulberry leaf fermented total mixed rations (FTMR) diet. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of group II was significantly higher than that of group I and III (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of group II of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.05), and the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.01). Compared with group I, meat in group II had lower meat color lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values (p < 0.01) in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. The shear force of group II was significantly lower than that of group I (p < 0.05). The total fatty acids (TFA) of group II was significantly higher than that of groups I and III (p < 0.05), but the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) of group II was significantly lower that than of group I (p < 0.01). Subsequently, the Unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of group II were significantly higher than those in group I (p < 0.01). The contents of total amino acids (TAA), total essential amino acids (EAA), total non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total of major fresh-tasting amino acids (DAA) of groups II, III and IV were significantly higher than those of group I (p < 0.05), as well as the contents of IMP (p < 0.01). The expression of the H-FABP gene in the arm triceps of group II was significantly higher than that of groups I, III and IV (p < 0.05). The expression of the ADSL gene in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum and biceps femoris of group II was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.05). Collectively, the results of the current study indicated that the mulberry leaf TMR diet improved the growth performance, apparent digestibility and expression of related meat-quality master genes (ADSL, H-FABP) in crossbred black goats, which promoted the deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF) and inosinic acid (IMP) and improved the composition of fatty acids and amino acids in the muscles.
Relationship among corporate reporting, corporate governance, going concern and investor confidence: Evidence from listed banks in sub Saharan Africa

Abstract A vibrant financial sector has a lot to offer towards the growth and development of an economy. It is in this regard that investor confidence matters most to the sector. Although the financial sector in the sub-Saharan African region is still growing, there are some crises in the sector that have made going concern an important matter for stakeholders. It is expected that, as often argued, corporate reporting and corporate governance can improve performance in order to boost investors’ confidence. However, the interrelationship between corporate reporting, corporate governance, going concern, and investor confidence has not been investigated yet in the sub-region for the fiancial sector. This study analysed the relationship among corporate reporting, corporate governance, going concern, and investor confidence for banks in the sub-region. Data were collected from published financial statements of selected financial banks in Ghana, Nigeria, and South Africa using data ranging from 2011 to 2020. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data and it revealed that going concern relates positively to investor confidence. Also, corporate reporting and governance directly affect investor confidence. The implication is that management should enhance and disclose the corporate governance mechanisms of financial institutions in order to improve their ability to continue operations and increase investor confidence.
Fabrication and Magnetoresistance Properties of Spin-Dependent Tunnel Junctions Using an Epitaxial Fe3O4 Film

Magnetoresistance of spin-dependent tunnel junctions has been studied using a high-quality epitaxial Fe3O4 film. The bottom magnetic electrodes of epitaxial Fe3O4 were grown onto the TiN-buffered (110) surface of MgO single-crystal substrates, and trilayer junctions of Fe3O4/AlOx/CoFe mesa were fabricated by sequential sputtering and Ar ion etching. The junctions showed the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of more than 10% at room temperature with butterfly-like hysteresis which arose from the different coercive fields between Fe3O4 and CoFe when the field was applied along the easy axis of the epitaxial Fe3O4 layer. The MR ratio remained almost constant against the temperature down to nearly 100 K. Below 100 K, the decrease of MR and the increase of junction resistance were observed, which may be related to the Verwey transition that inevitably occurs in the characteristic of high-quality Fe3O4 samples.
Gain mechanism in GaN Schottky ultraviolet detectors

Schottky barrier GaN ultraviolet detectors, both in vertical and in lateral configuration, as well as in a metal–semiconductor–metal geometry were implemented. All devices exhibit a high gain at both reverse and forward bias. The photoresponse in the forward bias is in the positive current direction. We attribute the gain to trapping of minority carriers at the semiconductor–metal interface. The excellent agreement between the calculated responsivity and the experiment indicates that the model is valid for all device structures under study, and represents a unified description of gain mechanism in GaN Schottky detectors.
Optical Turbulence: Chaotic Behavior of Transmitted Light from a Ring Cavity

It is theoretically shown that the transmitted light from a ring cavity containing a nonlinear dielectric medium undergoes transition from a stationary state to periodic and nonperiodic states, when the intensity of the incident light is increased. The nonperiodic state is characterized by a chaotic variation of the light intensity and associated broadband noise in the power spectrum. The experimental possibility of observing such a transition is also discussed.
Sense of self in mind and body: an eLORETA-EEG study

Abstract The human brain engages the sense of self through both semantic and somatic self-referential processing (SRP). Alpha and theta oscillations have been found to underlie SRP but have not been compared with respect to semantic and somatic SRP. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from 50 participants during focused internal attention on life roles (e.g. “friend”) and outer body (e.g. “arms”) compared to resting state and an external attention memory task and localized the sources of on-scalp alpha (8–12 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) EEG signals with exact low-resolution tomography. Logarithm of F-ratios was calculated to compare differences in alpha and theta power between SRP conditions, resting state, and external attention. Results indicated that compared to resting state, semantic SRP induced lower theta in the frontal cortex and higher theta in the parietal cortex, whereas somatic SRP induced lower alpha in the frontal and insula cortex and higher alpha in the parietal cortex. Furthermore, results indicated that compared to external attention, both semantic and somatic SRP induced higher alpha in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with lateralized patterns based on task condition. Finally, an analysis directly comparing semantic and somatic SRP indicated frontal–parietal and left–right lateralization of SRP in the brain. Our results suggest the alpha and theta oscillations in the frontal, parietal, and the insula cortex may play crucial roles in semantic and somatic SRP.
The influence of domain and diffusivity perturbations on the decay of end effects in heat conduction

For a standard heat conduction problem in a semi-infinite cylinder the authors investigate the influence of domain perturbation and of the variation of the diffusivity coefficient on the decay of Saint Venant end effects. The particular problem investigated is one in which the lateral surface of the cylinder is maintained at zero temperature and a nonzero temperature is prescribed on the near end. Energy methods are used to assess the influence of the perturbations. A Phragmen–Lindelof type alternative and explicit decay bounds are derived.
Chert oxygen isotope ratios are driven by Earth's thermal evolution

Significance Throughout Earth history, chemical sediments show an enigmatic increase in their 18O/16O isotope ratios (δ18O) of ~15‰. This has been interpreted as evidence for either very hot (>70 °C) or very 18O-depleted early oceans. But both of these scenarios are hard to reconcile with other geological and geochemical evidence. Focusing on chert, we show that heat flow through the sediment column controls the rate of diagenetic transformations and thereby the δ18O of chert. This previously unaccounted for control explains ~5‰ of the increase in chert δ18O as the solid Earth has cooled and implies only moderately 18O-depleted oceans with a temperate–moderate climate on the early Earth.
A Hydromagnetic Theory of Geomagnetic Storms

Summary The following hydromagnetic theory of geomagnetic storms is outlined: (a) A solar ion stream envelopes the geomagnetic cavity exerting radial pressure and tangential frictional drag. The former creates an O-type hydromagnetic wave, the latter E-type (twist) waves. The frictional effect may also scatter 104 eV electrons into the cavity and may carry field lines away to form a geomagnetic tail. (b) Hydromagnetic transmission to Earth leads, in general, to sea-level magnetic changes quite different from transmission through a vacuum. The O (pressure) wave envelopes the Earth to cause Dst (SC); it also creates an E wave as it travels and this is focused into the polar regions, contributing to DS(SC). The helical twist (E) wave also propagates to the polar regions to cause most of DS (main phase). (c) In the lower ionosphere the helical twist constitutes a “rotating field dynamo” driven from above by the ion stream and impeded by the Lorentz force of the Pedersen current. The dynamo also drives Hall current in loops above the auroral zone and space-charge field drives current in loops below this zone. (d) The sea-level magnetic effect of the Pedersen (radial) current system is nil. The Hall current system accounts for elementary polar disturbances, bays and the major features of DS (main phase); in effect the helical twist has been transformed into a pinch (morning) or expansion (evening) of the bundle of field lines. (e) Evidence is provided that the geomagnetic tail contributes to DS (main phase) and hence to Dst (main phase).
Stability of initially slow viscous jets driven by gravity

The stability of vertically falling viscous liquid jets issuing from a circular orifice with a low fluid velocity where the flow is dominated by viscous effects torn down by gravity leading to a flow dominated by inertia far downstream, is studied by means of linear stability analysis as well as direct numerical simulation of the one-dimensional model. Jet stability is also studied experimentally. Results for marginal stability and critical frequencies are in excellent agreement with our theoretical predictions. A new global instability of a viscous jet is found. This instability is observable whenever a falling liquid jet exhibits a long enough viscosity dominated region. The source of instability is surface tension. In contrast to the Rayleigh capillary instability that is always present, but leads to very long disintegration lengths in highly viscous fluid jets, the instability described here only occurs when the volume flux falls below a certain limit depending on the fluid properties and the nozzle diameter.
Comparative study on submillimeter flaws in stitched T-joint carbon fiber reinforced polymer by infrared thermography, microcomputed tomography, ultrasonic c-scan and microscopic inspection

Abstract. Stitching is used to reduce dry-core (incomplete infusion of T-joint core) and reinforce T-joint structure. However, it may cause new types of flaws, especially submillimeter flaws. Microscopic inspection, ultrasonic c-scan, pulsed thermography, vibrothermography, and laser spot thermography are used to investigate the internal flaws in a stitched T-joint carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) matrix composites. Then, a new microlaser line thermography is proposed. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) is used to validate the infrared results. A comparison between microlaser line thermography and microCT is performed. It was concluded that microlaser line thermography can detect the internal submillimeter defects. However, the depth and size of the defects can affect the detection results. The microporosities with a diameter of less than 54 μm are not detected in the microlaser line thermography results. Microlaser line thermography can detect the microporosity (a diameter of 0.162 mm) from a depth of 90 μm. However, it cannot detect the internal microporosity (a diameter of 0.216 mm) from a depth of 0.18 mm. The potential causes are given. Finally, a comparative study is conducted.
Rewilding Apex Predators Has Effects on Lower Trophic Levels: Cheetahs and Ungulates in a Woodland Savanna

Simple Summary We investigated the behavioral responses of five African ungulates to cheetah reintroduction in a semi-arid system affected by bush encroachment. Visitation rates, duration of stay, and activity patterns of ungulates at waterholes were compared with and without cheetah presence. During cheetah presence, visits to waterholes were rare for medium-sized species, but frequent for large-sized species, and visits were longer for small- and large-sized ungulates, possibly indicating increased vigilance. No differences in daily or seasonal activity at waterholes were found, which may be due to permanent and therefore predictable water availability. Further research into long-term behavioral consequences of trophic rewilding is recommended to maximize the success of recovery programs and minimize negative effects. Abstract The restoration of ecosystems through trophic rewilding has become increasingly common worldwide, but the effects on predator–prey and ecosystem dynamics remain poorly understood. For example, predation pressure may impose spatiotemporal behavioural adjustments in prey individuals, affecting herbivory and predation success, and therefore potentially impinging on the long-term success of trophic rewilding through apex predator reintroduction. Predation risk might have detrimental effects on prey through displacement from water or other vital resources. We investigated how five species of African ungulates responded behaviourally to changes in predation risk, following cheetah releases in the system. We grouped ungulates by body size to represent preferred prey weight ranges of the cheetah and examined changes in visitation rates, duration of stay, and activity patterns at waterholes with and without cheetah presence. During cheetah presence, visitation rates of ungulates were low for medium-sized species but high for large-sized species, suggesting that the species within the cheetah’s preferred prey weight range adjusted behaviourally to minimize waterhole visits. Visits to waterholes were longer for small- and large-sized ungulates with cheetah presence, possibly indicating increased vigilance, or a strategy to maximize water intake per visit while minimizing visits. We did not detect significant differences in circadian or seasonal activity in waterhole visits, which may be attributable to the need of ungulates to access water year-round in our semi-arid study system and where migration was impeded due to physical barriers (fencing). We recommend further research into the long-term behavioural consequences of trophic rewilding on prey populations and trophic cascades to assist the success of recovery programs and to minimize potential detrimental effects at target sites.
The relation between the neutral and the ionized gas in NGC 5252

The gas of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5252 consists of an ionized bicone of gas and a region of neutral gas which fills the regions outside the ionized bicone. We present new H I maps of the neutral components with a spatial resolution which exceeds previously available maps by a factor of 2. In addition, the ionized component was imaged in the Ha 6563-A emission line. A comparison of the physical properties of both extended gas systems leads to the following results. (1) H I column densities range from 2 to 5 X 10 20 cm- 2, in fair agreement with those found in the Hn gas. (2) The two components of the gas follow a similar rotation pattern with comparable velocity amplitudes of about 100 km s - 1. At the central region, both the ionized and neutral gas are counter-rotating with a peak amplitude of about 150 km s - 1. These similarities of the two components of the gas suggest a physical connection between them. The most plausible configuration is a series of ring structures surrounding the optical body of the galaxy. A previous suggestion of a polar ring can virtually be ruled out by the new data. The complexity of the gas system suggests an external origin for the gas in NGC 5252 such as a merger with a gas-rich system. Finally, a search for molecular material in the nuclear region of the galaxy led to an upper limit on the central H2 mass content of 2 x 10 8 h - 2 Me') within the central 4 h - 1 kpc (11 arcsec). The low molecular content is consistent with an unusually high nuclear extinction if the material is highly concentrated in the central region.
Kiwi Fruits Preservation Using Novel Edible Active Coatings Based on Rich Thymol Halloysite Nanostructures and Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Gels

The concept of this study is the replacement of previous fossil-based techniques for food packaging and food shelf-life extension, with novel more green processes and materials following the spirit of circular economy and the global trend for environmentally positive fingerprints. A novel adsorption process to produce thymol-halloysite nanohybrids is presented in this work. The high dispersion of this thymol-halloysite nanostructure in chitosan biopolymer is one of the goals of this study. The incorporation of this biodegradable matrix with poly-vinyl-alcohol produced a very promising food-packaging film. Mechanical, water-oxygen barrier, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties were measured. Transparency levels were also tested using a UV-vis instrument. Moreover, the developed films were tested in-vivo for the preservation and the extension of the shelf-life of kiwi fruits. In all cases, results indicated that the increased fraction of thymol from thyme oil significantly enhances the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the prepared chitosan-poly-vinyl- alcohol gel. The use of the halloysite increases the mechanical and water-oxygen barrier properties and leads to a control release process of thymol which extends the preservation and the shelf-life of kiwi fruits. Finally, the results indicated that the halloysite improves the properties of the chitosan/poly-vinyl-alcohol films, and the thymol makes them further advantageous.
Dynamical modeling of long-period variable star atmospheres

Using a new flexible computer program, numerical calculations were performed to investigate the dynamical structure and behavior of a spherical model atmosphere for cool pulsating Mira-like stars with masses from 0.8 to 2.0 solar masses and fundamental-mode pulsation periods from 175 to 1000 days. In particular, the response of the model to periodic driving at its inner boundary was examined for a considerable range of stellar parameters for both fundamental and overtone modes, various driving amplitudes, and various assumptions about the physical processes involved; radiation pressure on dust and time-dependent temperature relaxation were included. Stable steady state models with periodic shocks were obtained in all cases. Both shocks and dust were found to be essential for rapid mass loss. The shocks increase the density and thus greatly increase the amount of dust formed in the cool outer atmosphere. Radiation pressure accelerates the grains, which drive a slow cool wind. Calculated mass-loss rates appear to be of the right order of magnitude to agree with observations and show how mass loss can be expected to depend on the stellar parameters. 42 references.
Acoustic scattering by axisymmetric finite-length bodies: An extension of a two-dimensional conformal mapping method

A general scattering formulation is presented for predicting the far-field scattered pressure from irregular, axisymmetric, finite-length bodies for three boundary conditions—soft, rigid, and fluid. The formulation is an extension of a two-dimensional conformal mapping approach [D. T. DiPerna and T. K. Stanton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 3064–3079 (1994)] to scattering by finite-length bodies. This extended formulation, which is inherently numerically efficient, involves conformally mapping the surface of an irregular, finite-length body to a new, orthogonal coordinate system in which the separation of variables method may be used to solve the Helmholtz equation and satisfy the boundary conditions. Extensive comparisons with previously published results using other formulations are presented. This formulation is shown to be accurate in the prediction of scattering from smooth, symmetric bodies for a wide range of frequencies (Rayleigh through geometric scattering region), scattering angles (monostatic and bi.
Diel activity of three small mammals coexisting in forest in southern Victoria.

The diel activity patterns of Antechinus stuartii, A. swainsonii, and Rattus fuscipes assimilis were monitored by live trapping, and compared with activity observed at baited stations in the field. Observed activity was consistent with trap-revealed activity patterns except in October. Antechinus stuartii and R. fuscipes are both largely nocturnal with coinciding peaks of activity. Activity of A. swainsonii occurs across the whole 24 h day, with activity peaks often occurring before or after the activity peaks of A. stuartii and R. fuscipes. The nocturnal activity of A. stuartii appears related to feeding behaviour best suited for utilising nocturnally active and exposed prey. The more constant activity of A. swainsonii may be related to feeding on a continuously available, though concealed, prey in litter and loose soil. Neither predation, competitor avoidance, or food quality or distribution appears to account for the wholly nocturnal activity of R. fuscipes.