Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxide-confined VCSELs with quantum well and quantum dot active regions

In this talk we will describe some recent results of low threshold VCSELs that show improved performance with the use of tunnel injection of electrons, and the application of quantum dot (QD) active regions. As the VCSEL active region size is reduced the threshold current density increases, and at high current densities loss of injected electrons over the p-type heterobarrier can both increase the lasing threshold and, due to insufficient Fermi-level clamping, reduce the VCSEL's differential slope efficiency.
A comparison of numerical solutions of the Boltzmann transport equation for high-energy electron transport silicon

In this work we have undertaken a comparison of several previously reported computer codes which solve the semiclassical Boltzmann equation for electron transport in silicon. Most of the codes are based on the Monte Carlo particle technique, and have been used here to calculate a relatively simple set of transport characteristics, such as the average electron energy. The results have been contributed by researchers from Japan, Europe, and the United States, and the results were subsequently collected by an independent observer. Although the computed data vary widely, depending on the models and input parameters which are used, they provide for the first time a quantitative (though not comprehensive) comparison of Boltzmann Equation solutions. >
Almost sure exponential stability for stochastic partial functional differential equations

In this paper we consider the almost sure a symptotic behavior of mild solutions of the semilinear stochastic evolution equation with finite delays: where f, g have the Lipschitz condition and the linear growth condition. That is, we present the existence theorem, and the estimates of moment and almost sure Lyapunov exponent of the above equation. For illustrating the theorem we discuss a semilinear stochastic heat equation with finite delays
ON THE CONVERGENCE OF THE LEARNING PROCESS IN A 2 X 2 NON-ZERO-SUM TWO-PERSON GAME

Abstract : A problem is presented as follows: Will a learning process give rise to an equilibrium point; that is, will a seque ce of mixed stra egies xk yk oci i a le rning process converge to equilibrium strategies x*, y*, of the game, when k increases infinitely. This is one of the open problems in game theory. (In the case of zero-sum two-person games, the affirmative answer is given.) The purpose in this discussion is to show that the answer to the abov question is affirm iv in he case of m equals n equals 2. (A UTHOR)
Si/Si1−xGex heterostructures: Electron transport and field-effect transistor operation using Monte Carlo simulation

Using an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation, we study the electron transport properties in tensile strained Si grown on a Si1−xGex substrate and in an n-channel Si/Si1−xGex modulation-doped field-effect transistor (MODFET). Owing to the strain-induced modification of the conduction-band structure, the in-plane drift mobility in undoped material reaches 3250 cm2/V s at 300 K (for x⩾0.2) and 31000 cm2/V s at 77 K (for x⩾0.05). The two-dimensional Monte Carlo modeling of 0.18 μm gate Si/SiGe MODFETs reveals a high velocity overshoot of 2.5×107 cm/s related to a significant ballistic transport through the gated part of the strained Si channel. For a 0.18 μm gate and a Ge mole fraction x=0.3, intrinsic transconductance and transition frequency as high as 460 mS/mm and 85 GHz are obtained.
Successful Implant Placement via Simultaneous Nasal Floor Augmentation in an Inferior Meatus Pneumatization Case

Partially edentulous patients who present with inadequate bone height in the posterior maxillary can predictably be rehabilitated with lateral wall sinus augmentation and subsequent implant placement. However, the sinus augmentation is defined by variations observed in the anatomical presentation of the maxillary sinus. Herein, we describe a case study managing sinus augmentation when a rare anatomic variant termed inferior meatus pneumatization was observed. A 65-year-old female patient presented, wherein the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity was located directly above the maxillary posterior dentition as opposed to the maxillary sinus. The clinically atrophied maxilla was rehabilitated by employing nasal floor elevation, bone augmentation, and simultaneous implant placement. Post-operatively, no sino-nasal complications were recorded. Subsequently, 8 months after the initial procedure, osteointegration of the implants along with the presence of vital bone was observed. The patient posterior occlusion in the upper right quadrant was rehabilitated by engaging the stable implants with a cement-retained fixed final prosthesis. Follow-ups recorded for up to 2 years demonstrated no further complications. The case report demonstrates diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and management of inferior meatus pneumatization and a viable surgical approach for augmentation and implant treatment.
Elastic‐surface‐wave temperature coefficients of delay line with ZnO thin film

The elastic‐surface‐wave device with a zero first‐order temperature coefficient has been fabricated on Pyrex glass by use of a ZnO thin‐film overlay. The second‐order temperature coefficient of ZnO/Pyrex glass was about 1.24 times as much as that of ST‐cut quartz and was similar in sign. It is shown theoretically that the dispersion is very low at a ZnO film thickness of hK∼1.7, which gives a zero first‐order temperature coefficient.
COVID-19 Effects on Environmentally Responsible Behavior: A Social Impact Perspective from Latin American Countries

The aim of the research is to examine the relationships between the following variables (a) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), composed of Attitudes (ATT), Subjective Norms (SN), and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC); and (b) Consciousness (EC) on the dependent variable Environmentally Responsible Purchase Intention (ERPI) from the perspective of the Latin American consumer in a pandemic. Currently, the literature on the relationships proposed in the explanatory model is still scarce at a theoretical and practical level, without empirical evidence in Latin America. The data collection is from 1624 voluntary responses from consumers in Chile (n = 400), Colombia (n = 421), Mexico (n = 401), and Peru (n = 402) collected through online surveys. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group to test invariance analysis and the moderating effects, we can determine the relationship between the variables in the proposed model, generating evidence from Latin American countries. The empirical analysis verified that Attitude (ATT), Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), and Environmental Consciousness (CE) have a positive and significant effect on Environmentally Responsible Purchase Intention (ERPI). The results also show that the generation variable presents invariance. Therefore, the groups are not different at the model level for the generation variable, becoming relevant to the difference at the path level. Therefore, the results of this study become a relevant contribution, indicating a moderating effect on the generation variable. This research provides insights for understanding Latin American consumers, and managerial implications are also provided for developing strategies to promote sustainable consumption.
Residents’ entrepreneurship motives, attitude, and behavioral intention toward the meal-sharing economy

ABSTRACT The present study explores the relationships between entrepreneurship motives, attitude, and behavioral intention of Indian residents toward the meal-sharing economy. The study implements a self-administered questionnaire to collect quantitative data. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) were binarily performed to test the aforementioned relationships. The PLS-SEM results show that the gratification of hosting, social interaction, and independence positively impact residents’ attitudes toward sharing economy. Moreover, social interaction, source of cultural capital, and gratification of hosting also positively influence the intention to participate in the meal-sharing economy. Moreover, the fsQCA results demonstrate that several configurations of the dimensions of entrepreneurship motivations generate the attitude toward the meal-sharing economy and the intention to participate in the meal-sharing economy. Based on the results, several theoretical and practical implications were suggested.
The association between sex hormones and periodontitis among American adults: A cross-sectional study

Introduction After adulthood, as a person grows older, the secretion of sex hormones in the body gradually decreases, and the risk of periodontitis increases. But the relationship between sex hormones and periodontitis is still controversial. Methods We investigated the association between sex hormones and periodontitis among Americans over 30 years old. 4,877 participants containing 3,222 males and 1,655 postmenopausal females who had had periodontal examination and detailed available sex hormone levels, were included in our analysis from the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys cycles. We applied multivariate linear regression models to estimate the connection between sex hormones and periodontitis after converting sex hormones into categorical variables through tertile. Additionally, to ensure the stability of the analysis results, we carried out a trend test, subgroup analysis, and interaction test. Results After fully adjusting the covariates, estradiol levels were not associated with periodontitis in both males and females with a P for trend = 0.064 and 0.064, respectively. For males, we found that sex hormone-binding globulin was positively associated with periodontitis (tertile3 vs tertile1: OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.17-2.28, p = 0.004, P for trend = 0.005). Congruously, free testosterone (tertile3 vs tertile1: OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.43-0.84, p = 0.003), bioavailable testosterone (tertile3 vs tertile1: OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.36-0.71, p < 0.001), and free androgen index (tertile3 vs tertile1: OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.37-0.75, p < 0.001) was found to be negatively associated with periodontitis. Moreover, subgroup analysis of age found a closer relationship between sex hormones and periodontitis in those younger than 50 years. Conclusion Our research suggested that males with lower bioavailable testosterone levels affected by sex hormone-binding globulin were at a higher risk of periodontitis. Meanwhile, estradiol levels were not associated with periodontitis in postmenopausal women.
Mothers’ Involvement in Pediatric Postoperative Pain Care in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting in Saudi Arabia

Background Many children feel moderate to intense pain in the hospital following surgery. Untreated pain can have deleterious physical and psychological effects. Mothers' involvement in child pain care and management postoperatively has been shown to be important in improving the outcomes and experiences of children, mothers, and health professionals. Aims To explore mothers' involvement in postoperative pain care and management of their children during hospitalization and following discharge and identify approaches to improve management and participation activities. Methods We used a qualitative single case study design with thematic analysis. The analysis included 20 mother-child dyads and 21 nurses, involving observation of participants and semi-structured interviews of mothers and nurses. The analysis also incorporated a review of documents from the pediatric surgical department (hospital policies and forms). Findings The following main themes and sub-themes were generated from the data: (i) provision of pain information (expected type, frequency, and duration of pain after surgery, pain intensity score, pain relief medication, and pain management methods), (ii) communication deficiency (language barrier and breakdown in communication between health professionals), (iii) emotional and physical support (family support, environmental comfort, and sleep and meal requirements), (iv) social and cultural influences (patriarchal society, cultural and religious beliefs, and work status), and (v) hospital facilities, provisions, and services (entertainment, follow-up programs, education courses on pain management for nurses, and materials and services). Conclusions The study examined mothers' participation in postoperative pain care and management in a cohort of children admitted to a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia, highlighting key factors that influence involvement and suggesting approaches for improving participation.
Vaccines and cardiovascular outcomes: lessons learned from influenza epidemics

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world and is largely preventable. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that annual influenza vaccination reduces CVD-related morbidity and mortality. Despite various clinical guidelines recommending annual influenza vaccination for the general population for influenza-like illness risk reduction, with a particular emphasis on people with CVD, vaccination rates fall consistently below the goal established by the World Health Organization. This review outlines the importance of influenza vaccination, mechanisms of cardiovascular events in influenza, summarizing the available literature on the effects of influenza vaccine in CVD and the benefits of influenza vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Selective Modulation of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Response to Morphine versus Natural Reward

Despite the overlapping neural circuits underlying natural and drug rewards, several studies have suggested different behavioral and neurochemical mechanisms in response to drug vs. natural rewards. The strong link between hippocampal theta oscillations (4–12 Hz) and reward-associated learning and memory has raised the hypothesis that this rhythm in hippocampal CA1 might be differently modulated by drug- and natural-conditioned place preference (CPP). Time–frequency analysis of recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the CA1 of freely moving male rats previously exposed to a natural (in this case, food), drug (in this case, morphine), or saline (control) reward cue in the CPP paradigm showed that the hippocampal CA1 theta activity represents a different pattern for entrance to the rewarded compared to unrewarded compartment during the post-test session of morphine- and natural-CPP. Comparing LFP activity in the CA1 between the saline and morphine/natural groups showed that the maximum theta power occurred before entering the unrewarded compartment and after the entrance to the rewarded compartment in morphine and natural groups, respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggest that drug and natural rewards could differently affect the theta dynamic in the hippocampal CA1 region during reward-associated learning and contextual cueing in the CPP paradigm.
A Preliminary Survey of Collapsed Cores in Globular Clusters

This is a preliminary report on surface photometry of the major fraction of known globular clusters, to see which of them show the signs of a collapsed core. More than 20 examples, or one-fifth of the total, are found. Core classifications are given for all clusters examined. The fraction of collapsed-core clusters may be an index of how long a cluster takes to reexpand after collapse. 21 references.
Understanding the Effect of Different Prior Knowledge on CNN Fault Interpreter

As deep learning (DL) models have been successfully applied to various image processing tasks, DL models, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNN), have been introduced into the geosciences to assist geologists in faster seismic interpretation. However, the generalization of DL-based fault interpretation is a challenge. When applied to seismic data with different characteristics, their performance degrades significantly. Several recent studies have proposed transfer learning techniques, in which similar but different source tasks are assumed to benefit the target task. However, it is unclear which source datasets would be most beneficial for this particular task (i.e. fault interpretation). In this paper, we first demonstrate through a systematic literature review that synthetic seismic datasets are the most popular source datasets in this area. Further, previous studies have not compared them with other types of datasets. Then, we demonstrate experimentally that the choice of source dataset should be influenced by the amount of annotation available in the target dataset. In addition, normalisation appears to be an essential factor in fine-tuning techniques, particularly when interpreting faults. Finally, state-of-the-art performance was achieved on the ThebeFault dataset (0.903 for AP, 0.849 for OIS and 0.845 for ODS). Our code is publicly available at: https://github.com/anyuzoey/pretrain.
Mode analysis of longitudinal multi mode SAW resonator filter

This paper describes the mode analysis for a longitudinal multi mode SAW resonator filter having 5 IDTs between the grating reflectors. The mode analysis is carried out at several conditions and frequencies, focusing on trap response. At the trap canceling condition, two resonant modes coincide in frequency and degenerate. Furthermore, at the fundamental resonant mode, SAW distribution at the center of electrode is distorted to be undulatory. In order to unify the SAW distribution of the fundamental mode, electrode pitches are adjusted partially. The developed balanced DCS-Rx filter realized low insertion loss of under 2 dB successfully.
Response Error in Earnings

This article examines the problem of response error in survey earnings data. Comparing workers’ earnings reports in the U.S. Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to their detailed W-2 earnings records from the Social Security Administration, we employ ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regression models to assess the effects of earnings determinants and demographic variables on measurement errors in 2004 SIPP earnings in terms of bias and variance. Results show that measurement errors in earnings are not classical, but mean-reverting. The directions of bias for subpopulations are not constant, but varying across levels of earnings. Highly educated workers more correctly report their earnings than less educated workers at higher earnings levels, but they tend to overreport at lower earnings levels. Black workers with high earnings underreport to a greater degree than comparable whites, while black workers with low earnings overreport to a greater degree. Some subpopulations exhibit higher variances of measurement errors than others. Blacks, Hispanics, high school dropouts, part-year employed workers, and occupation “switchers” tend to misreport—both over- and underreport—their earnings rather than unilaterally in one direction. The implications of our findings are discussed.
Investigation of Hyperlipidemia Associated with Increased Levels of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins and 8-Hydroxy-2´-Deoxyguanosine

Background Hyperlipidemia is a common risk factor for atherosclerosis, heart diseases, and other pathological conditions. The factors leading to the oxidation of native low-density lipoproteins remain of valuable importance for a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to these pathologies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between lipid status and the levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins and 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine. Methods One hundred and fourteen participants were enrolled. Lipid profile parameters were measured and used individually to categorize subjects into two groups of normal and hyperlipidemic cases according to the international reference ranges. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins and 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine were then compared in normal and high lipid profile groups. The obtained results were then statistically analyzed. Results 8-Hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine was found to be positively correlated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and high levels of low-density lipoproteins (r = 0.53, 0.41, and 0.60), respectively (p<0.001). A positive correlation was observed also between the levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins and the same lipid profile parameters (r = 0.42, 0.31, and 0.45), respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion The present study suggests that disturbance in lipid profile may result in increased levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins and oxidative stress in the study group; however, a larger sample is needed to confirm the present findings.
Frame-indifferent and positive-definite Reynolds stress–strain relation

Both necessary and sufficient conditions are derived in a systematic, rigorous way for a Reynolds stress model to preserve both frame indifference and positive semi-definiteness of the Reynolds stresses and to satisfy the principle of material frame indifference (PMFI). Also developed are two approximate theories, a linear theory and a quadratic theory, to simplify the work of developing models satisfying such conditions. The results are also valid for the higher-order correlations and the SGS Reynolds stresses. This leads to the results either confirming the previous intuitive arguments or offering new insights into turbulence modelling, and is of significance in clarifying some controversies in the literature, examining how well existing models preserve the physics, and developing new models. An examination of various existing models with respect to the necessary and sufficient conditions obtained in the present work shows that no one model can simultaneously satisfy the invariance, the realizability and the PMFI. This offers answers to some fundamental questions regarding the existing models, such as the reason why k−ε and k−l models fail to give accurate predictions for the normal Reynolds stresses.
Effect of Low- and High-Frequency Auricular Stimulation with Electro-Acupuncture on Cutaneous Microcirculation: A Cross-Over Study in Healthy Subjects

Abstract Background: The regulation of microcirculation depends on the dynamic interaction of different factors: the autonomic nervous system plays a pivotal role in the blood flow and acupuncture can modulate it, obtaining different results depending on the site, the frequency, and the intensity of the stimulation. Methods: 18 healthy subjects have been enrolled and have undergone two sessions of electroacupuncture stimulations: one session using high frequency and one with low frequency. Microcirculation has been monitored continuously during stimulation using the laser Doppler method. Results: The microcirculatory parameters have shown a significant difference between high and low-frequency stimulation, suggesting that low-frequency stimulation is more effective for obtaining a vasodilator effect. Discussion: Our results show that low-frequency stimulation can increase the cutaneous microcirculatory flux, without significantly modifying blood pressure and heart rate. The auricular stimulation causes an increase in the activity of the vagus nerve, increasing the cholinergic activity without acting on post-junctional muscarinic receptors. Conclusion: Auricular acupuncture has a significant impact on the regulation of microcirculation.