Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Meteorological Effects and Ozone Variation in Urban Area

Abstract The paper presents results of the measurements of the tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration and meteorological parameters: temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, speed and wind direction. The data were collected from January 2016 to December 2016 at station located in locality Centre (Banja Luka), Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ozone is one of the most harmful pollutants to plants and health and highly reactive secondary pollutant. The present study covers investigation of the relationship between the concentration of ozone and meteorological parameters as well as time variations of ozone concentration (by hours, months, seasons). This topic has not been studied up to now in this region, although the recent research data indicates that there is a correlation between them and previously obtained from the world’s relevant scientific centres, as already cited above. Statistical analysis confirms string of rolls, which shows directional connection between tropospheric ozone and meteorological parameters, specially temperature (r = 0.148), air pressure (r = –0.292) and relative humidity (r = –0.292). These parameters are the most important meteorological factors influencing the variation in ozone levels during the research. The correlation ozone concentrations with speed and direction of wind is not significant, like other parameters.
Growth performance of Freshwater Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fed with commercial, supplementary plant and animal feeds

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of three different diets on growth performance of L. rohita for period of 45 days from September to October 2016 at Department of Zoology and Applied Aquaculture, Barkatullah University Bhopal. Three separate L. rohita groups of predetermined weight 3.283-3.609 gm and length 31.9-33.9 cm were fed with three different types of artificially prepared feed viz, control (commercial feed), supplementary plant feed and supplementary animal feed. Among the different treatments L. rohita fed with animal origin diet resulted in the maximum body weight gain (25.143gm) and length gain (31.6cm) which was significantly higher than all the treatment which follow the order of preference as plant diet weight gain (12.074gm) and length gain (20.7cm) and commercial diet weight gain (10.918gm) and length gain (14.4cm). The FCR value for animal diet was significantly better than that for plant diet and commercial diet. It was concluded that efficiency of animal diet was better for the growth of L. rohita and this supported the inclusion of this ingredient in the diet of fishes.
A Spatial Econometric Analysis on the Impact of COVID-19 on Mortality Outcome

Abstract The study develops and examines the spatial distribution of the Corona Virus Disease (COVID) on mortality outcomes using a global panel dataset of 79 countries. The empirical evidence is based on Fixed Effect (FE) and System Generalized Method of Moment (SGMM) estimator. The predicted variable is proxy with daily mortality outcomes, while the predictor variable is proxy with spatial COVID spread while controlling for social tension and average temperature. The global and regional findings of the study established that spatial variation in COVID spread had positive and significant relationships with mortality outcomes. Further results also indicate that social tension is a contributing factor to the rising daily mortality outcome from the COVD outbreak, whereas temperature variation reduces mortality outcome. Thus, the study recommends the use of statistical modelling to predict and manage the epidemic. Also, there is an urgent demand to deploy essential social need to the vulnerable proportion of the population to reduce the level of social unrest, while strengthening collaborative research among scientists to develop, produce and distribute vaccines that will put an end to the pandemic.
The influence of environmental factors on microbial community composition in a mountain river

Abstract Microbial communities are known to be sensitive indicators for water pollution and biomonitoring assessment. In this study, we aimed at observation of microbial abundance and community composition in the mountain river Morávka. The results showed temporal and spatial changes in total cell abundance (TCA). TCA reached 105–106 cells/ml, increasing values were detected towards the mouth with maxima in summer and autumn months. Out of Eubacteria Betaproteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium were found to predominate, while Archaea represented only 4.8 % of TCA. Along the flow three distinct patterns of phylogenetic groups' share were revealed related to increasing pollution. Microbial community composition was found to be most significantly dependent on the elevation and the sampling date. Moreover, environmental variables like O2 saturation, water temperature, trophic potential and pH influenced microbial community as well. Statistical analyses showed significant seasonal (23.5 %) and spatial (4.7 %) changes in microbial community composition.
Editorial: Metabolism Meets Function: Untangling the Cross-Talk Between Signaling and Metabolism

1 Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy, 2 IBIOM-CNR, Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy, 3 Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, MD, United States, 4 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
Netrin-1/DCC Signaling Differentially Regulates the Migration of Pax7, Nkx6.1, Irx2, Otp, and Otx2 Cell Populations in the Developing Interpeduncular Nucleus

The interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) is a hindbrain structure formed by three main subdivisions, the prodromal (Pro) domain located at the isthmus (Ist), and the rostral and caudal interpeduncular domains (IPR, IPC) within rhombomere 1 (r1). Various cell populations can be detected in the IPN through the expression of the Nkx6.1, Otp, Otx2, Pax7, and/or Irx2 transcription factors. These cell populations follow independent dorsoventral tangential and radial migratory routes targeting the ventral paramedian region of Ist and r1. Here we set out to examine the influence of the Netrin-1/DCC pathway on these migrations, since it is known to regulate other processes of neuronal migration in the brain. To this end, we analyzed IPN development in late gestational wild-type and DCC–/– mice, using mainly in situ hybridization (ISH) to identify the cells expressing each of the aforementioned genes. We found that the migration of Nkx6.1+ and Irx2+ cells into the Pro domain was strongly disrupted by the loss of DCC, as occurred with the migration of Pax7+, Irx2+, and Otp+ cells that would normally form the IPR. In addition, there was mild impairment of the migration of the Pax7+ and Otx2+ cells that form the IPC. These results demonstrate that the Netrin-1/DCC signaling pathway is involved in the migration of most of the IPN populations, mainly affecting those of the Pro and IPR domains of this nucleus. There are psychiatric disorders that involve the medial habenula (mHb)-IPN system, so that this experimental model could provide a basis to study their neurodevelopmental etiology.
Working Dog Structure: Evaluation and Relationship to Function

Working dogs help to keep society and individuals safe, secure, and healthy. To perform their varied functions, it is critical to select dogs that are structurally sound and capable of demonstrating power, coordination and agility. Characteristics such as size and substance, head and axial skeletal structure, chest size and conformation, and thoracic and pelvic limb angulation should be evaluated to select the optimal combination of characteristics to suit the tasks to which each dog will be assigned. This review provides guidance on how to evaluate each of these structural components and discusses the contributions of those body parts to a working dog's function.
The Role of Habitat Heterogeneity in Population Dynamics: From Individual Behavior to Metapopulation Structure

Host choice by both herbivorous and fungivorous insects is a decision that is impacted by more than just host preference alone. As shown by previous studies, choice can depend greatly on other factors such as density of conspecifics, and the presence of interspecific competitors and predators. We explore the implications of temporal variability in host quality and proportion of two hosts within the landscape on the ovipositioning decisions and overall host use strategy of a proovigenic female insect using stochastic dynamic programming techniques and basic metapopulation principles. The model is motivated by the biology of the forked fungus beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus, and its two primary fungal hosts in central Pennsylvania, Ganoderma applanatum and Ganoderma tsugae. The two hosts are patchily distributed in forested landscapes and vary remarkably in longevity. We show that host choice is dependent on the state of the female, and the decision to use one host over another depends on the quality of the hosts for larval survivorship at the time of oviposition, the proportion of the two hosts in the landscape, and the host on which the female originated. We find that female host choice and oviposition strategies can be influenced by a suite of parameters, suggesting that host preference alone will not describe most patterns of host use observed in real landscapes.
Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source

Background and Purpose Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) in acute ischemic stroke is probably compromised. Although the characteristics of dCA in different types of stroke have been largely investigated, dCA in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) remains poorly understood. In this group, we aimed to elucidate the characteristics of dCA and their relevance to clinical outcomes. Methods The study enrolled 77 ESUS patients and 50 controls. Bilateral cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) of middle cerebral arteries and arterial blood pressure were simultaneously recorded using a transcranial Doppler combined with a servo-controlled finger plethysmograph. Transfer function analysis was used to obtain dCA parameters including phase, gain, coherence at very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF), and the rate of recovery (RoRc) of CBFV. A multivariable logistic regression model was established to explore the relationship between dCA and clinical outcomes. Results Gain at VLF and LF, phase at LF, and RoRc of CBFV in bilateral hemispheres of the ESUS group were consistently worse than those of the control group (all P < 0.001). Bilateral RoRc of CBFV was significantly higher in patients with favorable outcomes than in those with unfavorable outcomes (stroke hemisphere: P < 0.001; non-stroke hemisphere, P = 0.029). Rate of recovery of CBFV in stroke hemisphere >13.3%/s was an independent predictor of favorable clinical outcomes (adjusted odds ratio = 30.95, 95% CI: 5.33–179.81, P < 0.001). Conclusions Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was relatively impaired in both stroke and non-stroke hemispheres in ESUS patients, and functioning dCA after ESUS may indicate favorable clinical outcomes.
Integration of morphological, ecological, and genetic evidence suggests that the genus Andinomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) is monospecific

Two subspecies of Andinomys edax are currently recognized. Andinomys e. edax ranges from southern Perú to northernmost northwestern Argentina and A. e. lineicaudatus is mainly distributed in southern northwestern Argentina. However, some workers have recognized both taxa as distinct species, stating that A. edax is restricted to Puna and Prepuna habitats between 2,000 and 4,800 m elevation, whereas A. lineicaudatus occurs in Yungas forest below 2,500 m. We assessed the taxonomic status of both forms through an integrative approach including morphological (discrete skin and skull characters), morphometric (univariate and multivariate), geographicenvironmental niche modeling (Mahalanobis Typicalities), and molecular (Bayesian analysis of cytochrome-b gene sequences) analyses. We did not find characters that consistently differentiated skins and skulls of the 2 forms. The morphometric analysis indicated that lineicaudatus is, on average, larger than edax for some measurements, but only 2 (alveolar width and occipital condyle width) differed significantly between forms. No group of specimens was clearly segregated in the PCA morphospace. Distribution models obtained separately for each taxon do not offer a better fit to the known distribution than models based on the combined data sets. We documented coincident environmental variables as relevant in the model building of edax and lineicaudatus, noting some segregation in elevation, but similar habitat suitability for the remainder of the environmental variables. The geographic continuity between niche models of edax and lineicaudatus was clear but specimens morphologically assignable to each of the nominal forms were not found in areas of overlap. The phylogenetic analyses recovered a polytomy of 4 allopatric and genetically divergent clades, which also failed to support the taxonomic hypothesis of 2 species. Based on all available evidence, we conclude that Andinomys consists of a single species. Nevertheless, observed genetic divergences among clades and their geographic distribution indicate that past events probably fragmented populations of A. edax.
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation, Heavy Metal Tolerance, And Antibiotic Resistance Among Bacteria Isolates From Petroleum Polluted And Pristine Soil Samples In Calabar Metropolis.

: The study was aimed at investigating hydrocarbon biodegradation, heavy metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolates from petroleum polluted and pristine soil samples. The research was undertaken within a period of six months. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate, characterize and identify bacteria isolates from the collected soil samples. Heavy metal tolerance test of the bacteria isolates was carried out using agar dilation method, while the hydrocarbon biodegradation potential of the bacteria isolates were determined using method micro-titre plate technique, with kerosene and diesel used as the hydrocarbon sources. Also the standard disc diffusion method was used to test for antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacteria isolates. Diesel biodegraders from the petroleum polluted soil were identified as Serratia spp and Enterobarter spp, while kerosene and diesel biodegraders were identified as Shigella spp, Corynebacterium spp, Klebsiella spp, Yersinia spp, Aeromonas spp, Bacillus spp and Pseudomonas spp, while Serratia spp and Yersinia spp from the pristine soil showed diesel biodegradation potential and Bacillum spp was identified as efficient diesel and kerosene biodegrader. Bacteria isolates from the petroleum polluted soil samples showed marginally higher percentage tolerability to Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Co and V than their pristine soil counterparts. 17 out of the 21 isolates from the petroleum polluted soil samples showed (80.95%) multiple antibiotic resistance to ciprofloxacin, doxycline, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, penicillin and nitroffurantoin, while isolates from the pristine sample showed resistance to only pencillin (10µg) and were susceptible to other antibiotics tested. However, in comparing the hydrocarbon biodegradation potential,l heavy metal tolerability and antibiotic resistance pattern, among bacteria isolates from the petroleum polluted soil samples, Serratia spp (AMM2), Klebsiella ssp (AMM3), Pseudomonas spp (AMT4) and Bacillus spp (AME4) were able to biodegrade diesel and kerosene efficiently, tolerated high heavy metal concentration (3000µg/ml) of chromium, copper and lead and did not show multiple antibiotic resistance to the antibiotics they were tested against, therefore they could be useful in the bioremediation of hydrocarbon–heavy metal polluted environment, as their applicability does not pose any public health or environmental threat involving the spread of resistance genes.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ‘Tainong 57’) storage root mucilage exhibited angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity in vitro

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ‘Tainong 57’) storage root mucilage was extracted (crude mucilage) and further purified by SDS and heating treatment (purified mucilage). Purified mucilage treated with 2-mercaptoethanol moved as a single band in SDS-PAGE. This purified mucilage was active to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) as shown by spectrophotometric method in a dose-dependent manner (28.7 to 59.8% ACE inhibition, respectively, by 50 to 400 μg/mL mucilage) using (N-(3-[2-furyl] acryloyl)-Phe-Gly-Gly) (FAPGG) as a substrate. The concentration of mucilage required for 50% inhibition (IC50) of ACE activity was 364.5 μg/mL while that of captopril was 10 nM (8.68 μg/mL). The commercial polysaccharide pectin (50 to 400 μg/mL) showed no inhibitory activity against ACE. When using fluorescent silica TLC to detect FAPGG and FAP, the results also showed that mucilage inhibited ACE. The mucilage showed mixed type inhibition against ACE, and the Michaelis constant in the presence of mucilage was 12 mM. We suggest that consumption of sweet potato storage root mucilage may benefit people’s health.
High efflux pump activity and gene expression at baseline linked to poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes

Phenotypic TB drug resistance, also known as drug tolerance, has been previously attributed to slowed bacterial growth in vivo . The increased activity and expression of efflux systems can lower the intracellular concentration of many antibiotics thus reducing their efficacy. We hypothesized that efflux pump activation and expression could be a risk factor for TB drug tolerance in patients initiated on treatment. Analyses of gene expression levels of six select efflux pumps associated with drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its correlation with the cell’s ability to efflux ethidium bromide (a common efflux substrate) were assayed. Efflux pump gene expression differed significantly between the strains from treatment failures and treatment successes. Efflux of ethidium bromide by M. tuberculosis isolates revealed that isolates from treatment failures rapidly efflux ethidium bromide more than isolates from treatment successes or the H37Rv control strains. The efflux pumps efpA, jefA (Rv2459c) , Rv1258c , p55 and mmpL7 may have a role in TB drug tolerance. Quantifying the expression levels of M. tuberculosis efflux pump genes may be a new method to diagnose clinically persistent tuberculosis. High efflux pump activity and expression at baseline can be associated with tuberculosis treatment failure even when the Mycobacterium tuberculosis does not have established resistance mutations . Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2017) 6(1), 8-17 Keywords : drug resistance, Efflux, Mycobacterium tuberculosis , expression, treatment outcome
Effects of Dietary Soy Protein Concentrate on Growth Performance, Digestion, and Protein Metabolism of Juvenile Darkbarbel Catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli

A 10-week feeding trial in a recirculation rearing system was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soy protein concentrate (SPC) levels on survival, growth, digestion, and protein metabolism of juvenile darkbarbel catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli. The results demonstrated that survival and whole-body composition were independent of dietary treatments. Feed intake (FI), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), apparent digestibility coefficients, digestive enzymes (pepsin and trypsin) activity and protein metabolism enzymes (alanine aminotransferases) decreased with increasing dietary SPC. The diet with 60% SPC was least cost effective. Results suggest that SPC could replace 60% or less fish meal protein without negatively influencing the growth of juvenile Pelteobagrus vachelli. The IJA appears exclusively as a peer-reviewed on-line open-access journal at http://www.siamb. org.il. To read papers free of charge, please register online at registration form. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden.
Effects of subclinical mastitis on biochemical and cellular alterations in goats

The present investigation was carried out in 30 goats with Subclinical mastitis (SCM) which were randomly divided into five groups with six animals each. Sample (milk) was collected aseptically from different livestock farm, Adhartal, Amanala farm and private goat keepers in the nearby areas of Jabalpur. A total of 260 lactating goats belonging to non descript, Jamnapari, Jamnapari crosses, Barbari and Sirohi breeds were screened. Milk samples from individual teat were subjected to various laboratory tests including pH, somatic cell count (SCC) and coliform count which were significantly increased compared to healthy control animals.
Disanthus ovatifolius (Hamamelidaceae), a new species from northwestern Vietnam

Disanthus ovatifolius discovered in northwestern Vietnam is described as a new species of Hamamelidaceae, subfamily Disanthoideae. The new species belongs to the genus Disanthus , which was represented only by the type species of the genus, D. cercidifolius, until now. The new species differs from its congener in a series of morphological characters, such as the evergreen narrowly ovate leaves and cornute fruits. Detailed analytical color plate and ink drawing are provided for the new species along with data on its ecology, phenology and distribution. Similar plants were introduced into European horticulture under the invalid name Uocodendron whartonii hort. since 2006.
Radical Mycology: A Treatise On Seeing And Working With Fungi . By Peter McCoy. 2016. Portland, Oregon: Chthaeus Press. Pp. xx+646 and numerous illustrations. Page size 253mm×208mm, weight 2kg. ISBN 978-0-9863996-0-2. Paperback $49.95.

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Photosynthetic and nutrient uptake physiology of Padina species in high and low nutrient waters in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Philippines

Abstract The genus Padina (Dictyotales: Dictyotaceae) are ubiquitous tropical macroalgae found in a wide range of environmental conditions, but the physiological mechanisms that allow them to thrive in different light and nutrient conditions remain unclear. This study identified Padina species found at two contrasting sites in Bolinao, Pangasinan – turbid, high-nutrient waters at Rungos, and clear, low-nutrient waters at Patar, and compared their physiological responses. The examined parameters were growth rates, photosynthetic responses to varying irradiances (P-E curves), and NO3- and NH4+ uptake kinetics. Different species were found at each site, i.e., Padina antillarum in Rungos and Padina minor in Patar. From the P-E curves, both species appeared to have “shade plant” characteristics with high α values, low compensation irradiances, and low saturation irradiances. Though P. antillarum had higher net productivity (Pmax=69.4 mg O2 gdw-1 h-1) than P. minor (Pmax=40.6 mg O2 gdw-1 h-1), their growth rates did not significantly differ. Their NO3- uptake rates were similar, while the NH4+ uptake rate of P. minor (Vmax=249.60 μmol gdw-1 h-1) was double that of P. antillarum (Vmax=104.50 μmol gdw-1 h-1) during the first 30 min of exposure to NH4+. These results suggest that each Padina species utilizes different strategies to survive in their respective habitats.