Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Situations Cause Crucial Financial Decisions within Social Businesses?

The growing uncertainty in today's business environment has a significant influence on social business's behaviour. Those enterprises could rely on public support in the past, but nowadays, they have to find a way to be more responsible about their social activity and be financially independent on public resources. Based on this theoretical background, the paper's main goal was to find a set of factors that influence crucial financial decisions within a crisis. When social businesses create an optimal financial portfolio to be financially sustainable, primary research was conducted. A sample of 57 social businesses was asked about their financial strategy. The main research goal was to compare a change before and after the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic situation in 2020. This case has shown current financial thinking and preparedness for unusual or crises. A mixed research approach was chosen due to a limited number of respondents. The overall results found that those businesses prefer to use the current strategy (42%) in crisis, and they limit investments to survive in that situation, except marketing investments (16%). Implications for Central European audience: At the theoretical level, our study shows social enterprise concepts in the Central European context, which differs somewhat from the already established definition of mainly Anglo-Saxon and American authors. At the same time, it combines knowledge about the use of financial planning in this segment. The study results show that financial planning is essential in these companies because it can achieve social goals. A discussion would be opened on how to raise awareness of the preparation of the strategy. Alternatively, how to strengthen the financial literacy of managers or representatives of these entities. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
The MJO From CMIP5 to CMIP6: Perspectives From Tracking MJO Precipitation

Reproducing the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) remains a challenge in many climate models. This study compares the MJO simulation skills in 17 pairs of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations. Generally, the MJO characteristics are better reproduced in CMIP6, their inter‐model spreads are obviously reduced in CMIP6. However, most CMIP6 models still underestimate the frequency of MJO initiation over the Indian Ocean and the MJO amplitude, exaggerate the barrier effect of the Maritime Continent (MC) on MJO propagation. Models with lower MJO simulation skills in their CMIP5 versions show improvements in CMIP6, while other models tend to show degraded MJO simulation skills in CMIP6. The possible reasons for the apparent improvements of MJO simulations from CMIP5 to CMIP6 in six models was further explored. It was found that the enhanced land precipitation over the MC prior to the MJO convection entering this region is more obvious in CMIP6.
Obstacle course activity in soldiers impedes recall but not learning of a read text

ABSTRACT Research suggests that preceding physical activity benefits learning in the general population, however the impact of physical activity before testing has not been systematically explored. We examined how an acute, complex anaerobic activity impacted learning and retention of text. Soldiers read Special Operations or Pension texts and were tested on recall and comprehension at 1 and 48 hours after reading. Participants also performed a challenging physical course before learning, before testing, or outside of these two periods. Results were compared using a mixed Analysis of Covariance with a “fitness-effort” covariate factor. Testing complied with Human Research Ethics Committee guidelines. Participants performing physical activity before testing had lower mean first test scores than participants performing the activity outside of the learning or testing window. After 48 hours, there was no difference among groups. Equally, while participants who read the Special Operations materials performed better than those who read the Pension materials, there was no effect related to activity timing. Acute obstacle course activity impeded recall but not learning of a read text. Additional study is needed to determine whether metabolic or motoric demands of the physical activity caused the deficit.
Monolithic Integration of a Multiplexer/Demultiplexer With a Thermo-Optic VOA Array on an SOI Platform

In this letter, a nine-channel 100-GHz arrayed waveguide grating multiplexer/demultiplexer is monolithically integrated with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer thermo-optic variable optical attenuators (VOAs) arrayed on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The on-chip transmission loss is ~ 6 dB and the crosstalk is less than -25 dB for the transverse-electric mode. The maximum modulation depths of different thermo-optic VOAs are similar, ~ 15 dB with 2.7-V bias. The frequency response of our device is fast (ges 100 kHz) for thermo-optic effect devices. The maximum power consumption of a single VOA is less than 35 mW.
Situating experiences of immigrant belonging in the workplace: South Africans in the United States

ABSTRACT In line with contemporary cultural geography migration studies that embrace a place-based approach, this article examines experiences of immigrant belonging within the underacknowledged social context of the workplace. In-depth interviews with 18 South African immigrants living and working in the Northeast region of the United States (U.S.) enabled an exploration of the subjective meanings and differential experiences of individuals while staying attentive to articulations of context. This approach was informed by a recognition of the relational, contextual, and contingent nature of migrant belonging. The findings of the study suggest that South African immigrant employees are not only advantageously positioned by relatively high levels of cultural capital, but also benefit from social discourse and immigration narratives in the U.S. workplace context. The article also presents various strategies and practices that participants have employed to negotiate belonging within their places of work, and considers the significance of the workplace as a source of belonging for South African immigrants in the U.S.
Whole-Genome Analysis of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Russia

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD) that bring about significant economic losses in the pig industry all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of PCV2 in Russia and characterize the available complete genome sequences. PCV2 DNA was detected at all investigated farms located in different regions of Russia. Whole-genome analysis demonstrated that the majority of PCV2 strains belonged to genotype PCV2d (12 out of 14), while PCV2a and PCV2b were only detected at 2 farms (one at each). Further analysis revealed that all antibody recognition sites in Russian PCV2 strains were different from the corresponding epitopes in a PCV2a vaccine strain, suggesting that PCV2a-based vaccines may only provide limited protection against these strains. PCV2d strains could be grouped into 3 distinct lines which shared 98.7–100% identity within open reading frame 2 (ORF2). It is the first study reporting the genetic diversity of PCV2 strains in Russia. Our data indicated that, similarly to China, Europe, and USA, PCV2a and PCV2b have largely been replaced by PCV2d.
Trans-Discipline Engineering Communication Characteristics and Norms: An Exploration of Communication Behaviours within Engineering Practice

Abstract Industrial firms dependent on their developed engineering knowledge base lament the loss of years of accumulated capability as Baby Boom generation engineers fade into retirement. Looking for ways to retain this institutional learning, the notion of knowledge transfer between engineers of differing generations offers an opportunity to maintain competitive positioning and innovation momentum. Understanding how communication behaviours and preferences differ among the engineering disciplines and generations may be a key toward supporting corporate knowledge transfer. This exploratory study compares communication norms across disciplines of nearly 400 practicing engineers in America, seeking to identify similarities and differences. The study examines responses to a communications focused survey instrument using analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical methods, offering a glimpse into engineering communication preferences and behaviours. Findings reveal that statistical differences relating to communication do not exist between the ten examined engineering disciplines, however, further inquiry and instrument development is suggested.
Role of f(G) Gravity in the Study of Non-Static Complex Systems

The concept of complexity for dynamical spherically symmetric dissipative self-gravitating configuration [1] is generalized in the scenario of modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity. For this purpose, a spherically symmetric fluid with locally anisotropic, dissipative, and non-dissipative configuration is considered. We choose the same complexity factor for the structure as we did for the static case, while we consider the homologous condition for the simplest pattern of evolution. In this approach, we formulate structure scalars that demonstrate the essential properties of the system. A fluid distribution that fulfills the vanishing complexity constraint and proceeds homologously corresponds to isotropic, geodesic, homogeneous, and shear-free fluid. In the dissipative case, the fluid is still geodesic but it is shearing, and there is a wide range of solutions. In the last, the stability of vanishing complexity is examined.
Improved VBIC model for SiGe HBTs with an unified model of heterojunction barrier effects

An improved bipolar transistor model considering heterojunction barrier effect (HBE) in SiGe double heterojunction bipolar transistors is developed. The effect of barrier formation due to high level injection, which is related to the rapid degradations of the dc current gain (/spl beta/) and cutoff frequency (f/sub T/), is carefully investigated and analyzed. As the collector current becomes high, the conduction band barrier is induced and increased. It causes the saturation of collector current (J/sub C/) due to the blocking of carrier transport, the sharp increase of base transit time (/spl tau//sub B/) due to the additional charge storage, the increase of base current (J/sub B/) due to the increased recombination, and the decrease of intrinsic base resistance (R/sub bi/) due to the increased charge and base pushout. Those phenomena are included into a vertical bipolar intercompany model (VBIC) compact model by employing a unified model of the HBE on J/sub C/, J/sub B/, /spl tau//sub B/, and R/sub bi/. Furthermore, portions of /spl tau//sub B/ and R/sub bi/ from the Kirk effect itself are modeled according to the high current model description and the new formulation of widened base, respectively. A full extraction of parameters has been performed and the modified VBIC model is applied. The modeling accuracy is significantly improved at the high current region for the dc and RF characteristics.
Security Analysis of Machine Learning-Based PUF Enrollment Protocols: A Review

The demand for Internet of Things services is increasing exponentially, and consequently a large number of devices are being deployed. To efficiently authenticate these objects, the use of physical unclonable functions (PUFs) has been introduced as a promising solution for the resource-constrained nature of these devices. The use of machine learning PUF models has been recently proposed to authenticate the IoT objects while reducing the storage space requirement for each device. Nonetheless, the use of a mathematically clonable PUFs requires careful design of the enrollment process. Furthermore, the secrecy of the machine learning models used for PUFs and the scenario of leakage of sensitive information to an adversary due to an insider threat within the organization have not been discussed. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art model-based PUF enrollment protocols. We identity two architectures of enrollment protocols based on the participating entities and the building blocks that are relevant to the security of the authentication procedure. In addition, we discuss their respective weaknesses with respect to insider and outsider threats. Our work serves as a comprehensive overview of the ML PUF-based methods and provides design guidelines for future enrollment protocol designers.
Generations online in 2009

Over half of the adult internet population is between 18 and 44 years old. But larger percentages of older generations are online now than in the past, and they are doing more activities online, according to surveys taken from 2006-08.Over half of the adult internet population is between 18 and 44 years old. But larger percentages of older generations are online now than in the past, and they are doing more activities online, according to surveys taken from 2006? 08. Contrary to the image of Generation Y as the "Net Generation," internet users in their 20s do not dominate every aspect of online life. Generation X is the most likely group to bank, shop, and look for health information online. Boomers are just as likely as Generation Y to make travel reservations online. And even Silent Generation internet users are competitive when it comes to email (although teens might point out that this is proof that email is for old people).
Effects of pre-impact body orientation on traumatic brain injury in a vehicle–pedestrian collision

A series of minivan-pedestrian collisions was simulated, and pre-impact body orientation was found to considerably affect the mechanical responses of injury predictors for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The maximum average traction force generated in the cervical spinal cord prior to head strike took its peak value when the pedestrian was subjected to purely lateral head rotation in a sideways collision and decreased by up to one-half in a symmetric manner as the pedestrian changed his direction toward or away from the vehicle. The intracranial strain concentration and the cumulative strain damage measure following the head strike increased by more than 60% as the initial pedestrian configuration changed from the backward to frontal collision. Since the outcome of injury predictors is closely associated with an initial body facing angle to the striking vehicle, regulatory impactor tests should consider the effects of pre-impact body orientation for accurately assessing real-world TBIs in the future.
More or Less? The Effect of Symbiont Density in Protective Mutualisms

Symbionts can provide hosts with effective protection from natural enemies, but it can sometimes come at a cost. It is unclear to what extent the density of symbionts modulates the cost and benefits of conferred protection. Here, we use a meta-analysis of 103 effect sizes from a broad taxonomic range of protective symbioses to show that the degree of both protection and cost afforded to hosts is a positive function of symbiont density. We found that the effects of symbiont density on protection and cost are robust across ecological contexts. Density-function relationships did not vary with host type, symbiont localization, or transmission mode, nor did they vary with the method of density manipulation. Taken together, our results suggest that symbiont density can be a key variable determining the costs and benefits of a protective interaction.
Effectiveness of structured education and follow-up in the management of perceived breastmilk insufficiency: A randomized control trial

Abstract In this study, we examine the effectiveness of structured education and follow-up in the management of perceived milk insufficiency and in increasing the baby’s amount of milk intake in breastfeeding mothers. We conducted a randomized controlled trial over the period December 2018-June 2019 at Family Health Centers in Turkey with 64 mothers (intervention group: 33 and control group: 31). We provided the intervention group with education using structured educational material. A Descriptive Information Form, a Breastfeeding Follow-up Form, and the Scoring System for Measuring a Baby’s Intake of Breast Milk were the instruments we used in the data collection. Mothers in the intervention group started breastfeeding their babies in the first one hour after birth. We observed at each monitoring that a significantly greater percentage of the mothers in the intervention group believed their milk to be sufficient and that they fed their babies exclusively with breast milk in the three follow-ups. We found from the data we obtained that all three tracking times indicated that the baby’s amount of milk intake in the intervention group was better than in the control group; the differences were statistically significant. We concluded that structured education and follow-ups increased the exclusive breastfeeding of 0-2-month-old babies, improved perceptions of sufficient milk intake, diminishing the perception of breast milk deficiency. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2021. 2007249
Fast Global Minimization of the Chan–Vese Model for Image Segmentation Problem

The segmentation of weak boundary is still a difficult problem, especially sensitive to noise, which leads to the failure of segmentation. Based on the previous works, by adding the boundary indicator function with L 2,1 norm, a new convergent variational model is proposed. A novel strategy for the weak boundary image is presented. The existence of the minimizer for our model is given, by using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) to solve the model. The experiments show that our new method is robust in segmentation of objects in a range of images with noise, low contrast, and direction.
Online versus bricks-and-mortar retailing: a comparison of price, assortment and delivery time

The popularity of online retailing has created great opportunities and challenges for retailers. A key challenge faced by many retailers is the choice between the clicks, the bricks-and-mortar, and the bricks-and-clicks strategies. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive framework for selecting the appropriate distribution channel given assortment, logistics and consumer characteristics. Under the traditional bricks-and-mortar retail model, the retailer displays and sells the assortment in a physical store, whereas under the online retail model, the retailer accepts orders online and delivers the products offline. The traditional retailer jointly determines the breadth, the depth and the price of the assortment, whereas the online retailer jointly determines the breadth and price of the assortment and the delivery time. After deriving the joint optimal solution for the traditional and the online retailers, we compare their performance. We analytically and numerically examine how inventory cost, delivery cost and consumer behaviours could affect the optimal distribution strategy and customer service.
Study on the Application of Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio in Ovarian Malignant Tumors

Objective We aimed to evaluate whether the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with ovarian malignancy and their diagnostic value. Design: This retrospective study compared SIRI, PLR, cancer antigen 125 (CA125), cancer antigen 153 (CA153), cancer antigen 199 (CA199), A carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha fetal protein (AFP) of the two groups in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020, divided into two groups based on pathological results, including 85 with ovarian malignancy who met the study criteria and 85 patients with benign ovarian tumors were randomly selected as control group. Results 1) SIRI and PLR in benign ovarian tumor group were lower than those in ovarian malignancy group; 2) SIRI and PLR in ovarian malignant tumor low stage group were lower than those in the high stage group; 3) In ovarian malignancies, SIRI and PLR were positively associated with CA125 (the correlation coefficient r = 0.251, p = 0.021; r = 0.251, p = 0.020;) but showed no correlation with CA153. Conclusion The study shows that SIRI and PLR are both convenient and associated with ovarian malignancy. SIRI and PLR can be used to help the differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian tumors and can also be used in the markers of ovarian malignant tumors roughly staging.
Benefit of Measurements and Structural Reliability Analysis for Wellhead Fatigue

Structural Reliability Analysis (SRA) methods have been applied to marine and offshore structures for decades. SRA has proven useful in life extension exercises and inspection planning of existing offshore structures. It is also a useful tool in code development, where the reliability level provided by the code is calculated by SRA and calibrated to a target failure probability.The current analysis methods for wellhead fatigue are associated with high sensitivity to variations in some input parameters. Some of these input parameters are difficult to assess, and sensitivity screening is often needed and the worst case is then typically used as a basis for the analysis. The degree of conservatism becomes difficult to quantify, and it is therefore equally difficult to find justification to avoid worst case assumptions.By applying SRA to the problem of wellhead fatigue, the input parameters are accounted for with their associated uncertainty given by probability distributions. In performing SRA all uncertainties are considered simultaneously, and the probability of fatigue failure is estimated and the conservatism is thereby quantified. In addition SRA also provides so-called uncertainty importance factors. These represent a relative quantification of which input parameter uncertainties contribute the most to the overall failure probability, and may serve well as guidance on where possible effort to reduce the uncertainty preferably should be made. For instance, instrumentation may be used to measure the actual structural response and thus eliminate the uncertainty that is associated with response calculations. Clearly measurements obtained from an instrumented system will have its own uncertainty. Other options could be to perform specific fatigue capacity testing or pay increased attention to logging of critical operational parameters such as the cement level in the annulus between the conductor and surface casing.This article deals with the use of measurements for fatigue life estimation. Continuous measurements of the BOP motion during the drilling operations have been obtained for a subsea well in the North Sea. These measurements are used both in conventional (deterministic) analysis and in SRA (probabilistic analysis) for fatigue in the wellhead system. From the deterministic analysis improved fatigue life results are obtained if the measured response replaces the response obtained by analysis. Furthermore, SRA is used to evaluate the appropriate magnitude of the design fatigue factor when fatigue analysis is based on measured response. It is believed that the benefit from measurements and SRA serve as an improved input to the decision making process in the event of life extension of existing subsea wells.Copyright © 2013 by ASME