Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of flashcard to improve students' vocabulary mastery in writing descriptive text: case of grades 7 of SMPN 5 Ambarawa in the academic year 2021/2022

This study aims to determine: (1) To find out students' vocabulary mastery of SMPN 5 Ambarawa in writing descriptive text taught with using flashcard (2) To find out students' vocabulary mastery of SMPN 5 Ambarawa in writing descriptive text taught without using flashcard. (3) To know the significant difference of students' vocabulary mastery in writing descriptive text taught with and without using flashcard. This research is a quasi-experimental research. This research was conducted at SMPN 5 Ambarawa in May-June 2022. The population in this study was class VII students consisting of 33 students in the experimental class and 33 students in the control class. The experimental class in its treatment using flashcards while the control class only uses the lecture method as a learning process. The design used in this study is the Pre-Test Post-Test Control Group Design. The research instrument was in the form of a learning outcome test. To test the hypothesis using the paired sample t-test. Data analysis was done descriptively. The results of this study indicate that: (1) in the experimental class the average value of the pretest is 57.33 while the posttest average value is 82.64 which is higher than the control class, (2) in the control class the average value of the pretest is 56.06 while the posttest average value is 66.66, still lower than the experimental class (3) the average posttest value of the experimental class > control class is 82.64 > 66.67 which means that the vocabulary mastery of the experimental class is higher than the control class. In the paired t-test, the results obtained are sig.2 tailed of 0.000 <0.05 using flashcards is more effective.
Modelling and simulation of unsteady dc electric arcs and their interactions with electrodes

This paper is devoted to the study of unsteady electric arcs and the effects of electrodes on their dynamics. One of the objectives is to simulate and understand the three-dimensional behaviour of arcs in complex geometries, which create important fluctuations of the column and reattachments on the electrodes. The usual methods to solve the problem of arc–electrodes coupling are not suitable to simulate three-dimensional unsteady arcs. We propose a numerical development to simulate both steady-state and unsteady arcs without additional assumptions. The method is based on the incorporation of electrodes into the computational domain. It is validated with measurements from the literature, in the case of a point–plane steady-state argon arc. The model is used to study the lightning certification test device, which simulates in laboratory the effects of lightning arcs on fuselage panels. The results bring to light, in agreement with the observations in laboratory, the fundamental role of the electrodes on the three-dimensional behaviour of the arc column. The model is also used to simulate the development of the free jet of a plasma on an aluminium planar anode. The objective is to characterize the interaction region and the thermal constraint of the arc.
Near-Infrared Light Scattering by Terrestrial Clouds

Abstract Calculations of the reflectivity of water clouds (liquid and ice particles) are compared to observations of terrestrial clouds in the near infrared. The presentation is divided into four parts which may be consulted individually. Section 3 presents new Mic scattering calculations of general interest, Sections 4–7 compare multiple-scattering results to cloud observations, Section 8 suggests a revision in the optical constants of ice for λ ≈ 3 μ, and the Appendix details several methods which substantially reduce the work load in multiple-scattering computations. Our results indicate that it is possible to use the spectral variation of the reflectivity to derive the size of the cloud particles and their phase (liquid or solid) as well as the total optical depth of the clouds. Typical results show dense cirrus clouds to have an optical depth ≥10 and to be composed of ice particles of mean radius 15–20 μ the cumulus clouds which were analyzed showed a more variable, but usually smaller, particle size.
Plasma assisted parts' manufacturing: sintering and surface texturing - part I - influence of sintering time and temperature

The acquirements and potentiality universe of cleaning, heating and/or sputtering effects caused by plasma species bombardment phenomenon on the surface characteristics and finishing of manufactured parts treated in DC abnormal glow discharge opens a new research and development field, called here of Plasma Assisted Parts' Manufacturing (PAP'M). The adequate control of the sputtering mechanism allows the production of different kinds of surface. Therefore, the design of rough or smooth surface, presenting a modified distribution of surface porosity and texturing could be idealized, in accordance with the desired surface characteristics, as the parts are simultaneously sintered and treated. The first part (out of two) of this work performed in hollow cathode discharge (HCD) presents the results of the surface morphology's changes in the pressed iron samples and in the internal surfaces of the external cathodes as a function of the sintering time and temperature. Potential applications include small diameters' cylindrical parts and components like axles, pins, pivots, and tubes and pipes presenting small internal diameters. Sputtering effects were quantified by means of mass loss and Ra and Rz roughness measurements and qualified by means of SEM. The overall work comprises the study of different parameters, including sintering time and temperature (Part I), and inter-cathode distance and pressure (Part II). Results indicate the sputtering mechanism in HCD sintering and surface texturing treatments could be adequately controlled as a function of the plasma parameters, comprising an important contribution to the development of green technologies for surface texturing, surface engineering, and part's manufacturing.
Flow Structure of Short-Length-Scale Disturbance in an Axial-Flow Compressor

Short-length-scale disturbances, also called spikes, are often responsible in triggering rotating stall in axial-flow compressors. One hypothesis suggests that spikes can be the consequence of dynamic interaction among forward-spilled tip-leakage flow, the main throughflow, and the reversed flow. However, the transit process of such a dynamic interaction in the vicinity of the rotor tip clearance and, thus, the physical images of the flow structure of a spike are still unknown. In this paper, we present a numerical study with a novel scheme for a low-speed axial-How compressor by incorporating rotating inlet distortion. Because the inlet distortion will overload a portion of the blades while keeping the rest working normally, the short-length-scale disturbances can be observed without advocating the computational difficulty of simulating a fully stalled compressor. Two unsteady simulations using a commercial, three-dimensional, time-accurate, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver are performed: one for a one-fourth rotor annulus with finer grids and the other for the entire rotor annulus with coarser grids. After the code is validated by comparing experimental results with the simulation for the entire rotor annulus, the one-fourth-annulus simulation is used to unveil the flow physics. As elucidated from the computational results, the complete birth-to-decay process of the short-length-scale disturbances is captured for the first time. The corresponding 3-D flow structure is also revealed. It is shown that the effects of dynamic How interaction at the tip extend beyond the tip region and deeply into the blade span. A horn-shaped vortex with one end at about 30% of the blade span and the other end at the casing is formed, which generates a low-pressure dip in the casing-pressure measurement. The spike, as identified from casing-pressure measurement, corresponds to a flow image in which the vortex rotates around the annulus.
Promoting non–violence in schools: The role of cultural, organisational and managerial factors

While schools are increasingly being asked to address issues of violence, certain cultural, organisational and managerial factors can obstruct violence prevention, reinforcing a culture in which violent attitudes impede the development of a safe learning environment. The focus of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention strategy designed to support schools and young people in promoting nonviolence. The longitudinal study (one year) built on the UK-001 CONNECT project funded by the European Union within whichCheckpointswas selected for evaluation as part of ongoing work relating to violence in schools. The research design used a test/retest design involving baseline measures and qualitative case study data, including semi-structured interviews, diaries, observations and documentary evidence. Twelve schools were selected to participate based upon their previous involvement with work on anti-bullying. Three of the final seven study schools experienced a significant decrease in overt bullying and aggressive behaviour. These results are discussed in the light of the qualitative findings which highlighted three organisational models that illustrate the process of a school’s readiness to implement an intervention. The models describe the cultural, organisational and managerial factors that can either inhibit or facilitate the promotion of non-violence. At one end of the spectrum is the school that recognizes the negative consequences of not addressing the issues of bullying and violent behaviour and which is committed to the process of change; at the other is the school that is not yet sensitive to the bullying and violent behaviour experienced by their children and young people, and which experiences difficulty in articulating a clear way forward.
Gravitational lensing of extended high-redshift sources by dark matter haloes

ABSTRA C T High-redshift galaxies and quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) are most likely to be strongly lensed by intervening haloes between the source and the observer. In addition, a large fraction of lensed sources is expected to be seen in the submillimetre region, as a result of the enhanced magnification bias on the steep intrinsic number counts. We extend in three directions Blain’s earlier study of this effect. First, we use a modification of the Press ‐ Schechter mass function and detailed lens models to compute the magnification probability distribution. We compare the magnification crosssections of populations of singular isothermal spheres and Navarro, Frenk & White (NFW) haloes and find that they are very similar, in contrast to the image-splitting statistics which were recently investigated in other studies. The distinction between the two types of density profile is therefore irrelevant for our purposes. Secondly, we discuss quantitatively the maximum magnification, mmax, that can be achieved for extended sources (galaxies) with realistic luminosity profiles, taking into account the possible ellipticity of the lensing potential. We find that mmax plausibly falls into the range 10‐30 for sources of 1‐10 h 21 kpc effective radius at redshifts within 1‐4. Thirdly, we apply our model for the lensing magnification to a class of sources following the luminosity evolution typical for a unified scheme of QSO formation. As a result of the peculiar steepness of their intrinsic number counts, we find that the lensed source counts at a fiducial wave length of 850mm can exceed the unlensed counts by several orders of magnitude at flux densities *100 mJy, even with a conservative choice of the maximum magnification.
Modelling the re-intensification of tropical storm Erin (2007) over Oklahoma: understanding the key role of downdraft formulation

ABSTRACT This article reports on the inland re-intensification of tropical storm (TS) Erin (2007). In this research, the physical processes that resulted in the re-intensification of TS Erin over Oklahoma, USA, on 19 August 2007 was determined and a sensitivity study on microphysics, planetary boundary layer and convective parameterisation schemes was performed in the mesoscale modelling system, MM5. Also, we diagnosed and explained the remarkable difference between model behaviour of the original Kain–Fritsch 1 (KF1) scheme and its revised counterpart (KF2). The numerical results showed only modest sensitivity to the selected microphysics schemes – the relatively simple ‘Simple Ice’ and the advanced Reisner-Graupel. We found a relatively high sensitivity to the selected boundary layer parameterisation. Enhanced mixing in the medium range forecast (MRF) scheme leads to a relatively small convective available potential energy (CAPE), a deeper boundary layer and a lower dew point temperature, thus to a relatively stable environment. Therefore, MRF forecasts less precipitation (up to 150 mm) than the local mixing scheme, ETA. Model results appeared most sensitive to the selected convection schemes, that is, Grell, KF1 and KF2. With Grell and KF1, Erin intensifies and produces intense precipitation, but its structure remains close to a mesoscale convective system (MCS) or squall line rather than of the observed tropical cyclone. Both schemes also simulate the most intense precipitation too far south (100 km) compared to observations. On the contrary, KF2 underestimates precipitation, but the track of the convection, the precipitation and the pressure distribution are relatively close to radar and field observations. A sensitivity study reveals that the downdraft formulation is critical to modelling TS Erin's dynamics. Within tropical cyclogenesis, the mid-level relative humidity (RH) is generally very high, resulting in very small downdrafts. KF2 generates hardly any downdrafts due to its dependence on mid-level RH. However, KF1 and Grell generate much stronger downdrafts because they both relate the downdraft mass flux (DMF) to vertical wind shear. This larger DMF then completely alters TS Erin's dynamics. A modified version of the Grell scheme with KF2 RH-dependent downdraft formulation improved the simulation considerably, with better resemblance to observations on trajectory, radar reflectivity and system structure.
Positive Impacts of a Four-Week Neuro-Meditation Program on Cognitive Function in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Study objective: Long COVID patients can experience high levels of impairment in their cognitive function and mental health. Using a parallel randomized control trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of a neuro-meditation program to reduce cognitive impairment in patients with long COVID. Methods: A total of 34 patients with long COVID were randomized to an intervention group (G-Int; n = 17) or a control group (G-Con; n = 17) and 15 healthy participants were constitutive of a normative group (G-Nor). The intervention consisted of ten 30-min sessions of Rebalance® over a period of five weeks. Each session included sound therapy and coach-guided meditation associated with light stimulations (i.e., chromotherapy). Primary outcomes were performance on five computerized cognitive tasks (choice response time, pattern comparison, Simon, pursuit rotor task, and Corsi block-tapping task), mental and physical fatigue (Chalder fatigue scale), perceived stress (perceived stress scale) and mood (profiles of mood states). Secondary outcomes were anxiety and depressive symptoms (hospital anxiety and depression scale), muscular pain, joint pain, and headaches using visual analog scales (VAS) as well as sleep quality (Spiegel sleep questionnaire). Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 1–2 and 7–8 days of follow-up. Results: Compared to healthy subjects, long COVID patients showed significant differences at baseline on all the self-report questionnaires, and a Rebalance® program improved all the subjective reports, as well as cognitive performances, especially on reaction time-based tasks. In particular, only the G-Int group revealed shortened reaction times in the choice reaction time (RTbaseline = 593 ± 121 ms vs. RTpost2 = 521 ± 86 ms, p < 0.001), Simon (RTbaseline = 539 ± 123 ms vs. RTpost2 = 494 ± 134 ms, p < 0.01), and pattern comparison tasks (RTbaseline = 1244 ± 315 ms vs. RTpost2 = 1079 ± 213 ms, p < 0.001). Conclusions) Initial evidence suggests that neuro-meditation reduces cognitive impairment and improves physical and mental fatigue, muscle and joint pain, symptoms of depression and anxiety, mood disturbances as well as sleep quality. The Rebalance® program hence constitutes a promising non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment of long-term psychological/cognitive outcomes of COVID-19.
Surface structures of cerium oxide nanocrystalline particles from the size dependence of the lattice parameters

Cerium oxide nanocrystalline particles are synthesized and monodispersed in the size range from 2 to 8nm in diameter. The dependence of the lattice parameters on particle size is obtained by x-ray and electron diffraction analyses. The size dependence well coincides with the estimation based on the assumption that the surface is composed of one layer of Ce2O3 and the inside consists of CeO2. The effect of particle size on lattice parameters is discussed from the differences in the fabrication method and the surface structure.
Incorporating support constraints into nonparametric estimators of densities

Let fn ∗ (x) be the usual Parzen-Rosenblatt kernel estimator of the pdf f of a random variable X based on a sample X1,…,Xn from X.In many practical applications,it is knownt hat X>c and/or X<d for given constants c and d.Additionally, one might know the values of(c)and/or f(d). “mirrorimage”and“tieddown”modifications of fn ∗incorporate this additional information into an estimator fn which has support [c,d]. This estimatoris interpreted in a manner which allows one to use most of the known convergence properties of kernel estimates in studying the behavior of fn.
Leading Change in Communities Experiencing Economic Transition: Place Leadership, Expectations, and Industry Closure

ABSTRACT This paper considers the nature, origins and expression of place leadership in communities undergoing large-scale economic transformation. It examines where people look for leadership in the management of the places where they live, and how their perspectives are affected by an adverse event. It documents community attitudes on the influence those who occupy positions of authority have been able to exert on this transition, drawing on perceptions from places affected by the shutdown of the Australian automotive industry in the second decade of the twenty-first century. It seeks to understand which individuals and roles were seen to be influential in leading this process of change. This article gains insights into how leaders have an impact, and where this ability to effect change comes from. It does so with reference to the structural conditions embedded within Australian political life and the way leadership finds expression in periods of uncertainty and transformation. The paper finds communities are acutely aware of where the power to lead change resides, but concerns with the efficacy of that leadership have contributed to discontent. A greater focus on further empowering local leadership while delivering on long term expectations would have resulted in more positive perceptions. MAD statement This paper answers the question, how can local leaders manage large-scale, disruptive change such as the closure of a major employer or the shutdown of an entire industry? The paper makes clear that different types of leaders need to respond in varied ways, depending on their source of authority, their degree of connection to the affected community and the nature of the shock experienced by the local economy. Senior government leaders need to map out and deliver a roadmap for economic recovery, social service providers need to be responsive to local needs and those leaders living in the community must continue to strengthen social networks.
A FURTHER STUDY OF ESTIMATING AVERAGES

An investigation is described of the types of averaging response made to several volues of a variable when these nre presented symbolically or graphically. Symbolic information was presented to subjects on small white cards on which were typed either 10 or 20 two-digit numbers. Graphical information was presented as 10 or 20 points on inch ruled tenths graph paper. Sets of data differed according to whether they were normally or skew distributed about the arithmetic mean value, and in the extent of scatter about the mean. The results confirmed previous work in showing that error of judgment increased as scatter increased, and to a greater extent with symbolic than "with grnphical material. Error was also greater with skew than with normal information. Comparison between the results obtained with the two types of distribution showed that the previously reported finding that error also increased with increasing amount of information was incorrect and was duo to inadequate experimental control of scatter for.
Performance Deteriorations from Flow Maldistribution in Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers: A Parallel-Plates Membrane Core Case

Parallel-plates membrane cores have been widely used in air-to-air heat exchangers for fresh air heat and moisture recovery, which are also called total heat exchangers. Flow maldistribution and the consequent performance deteriorations are of great interest. The flow maldistribution is predicted with a CFD code, by treating the parallel-plates core as a two-dimensional porous media. Then, a coupled heat and moisture transfer model between the two air flows in the parallel-plates channels is set up. Using the CFD predicted flow distribution data on core face, the sensible heat and moisture exchange effectiveness and the performance deterioration factors are calculated with finite-difference scheme. Experiments are performed to validate the heat mass transfer model. The results indicate that for the current structure, when the channel pitch is below 2.0 mm, the flow distribution is quite homogeneous and the sensible and latent performance deteriorations due to flow maldistribution are below 9% and can be neglected. However, when the channel pitch is larger than 2 mm, the maldistribution is quite large and the consequent thermal and latent performance can be deteriorated by 28%. The flow maldistribution the consequent thermal and latent effectiveness deteriorations for parallel-plates cores are more serious than those for plate-fin cores previously reported.
Converging Evidence of Similar Symptomatology of ME/CFS and PASC Indicating Multisystemic Dyshomeostasis

The purpose of this article is to review the evidence of similar symptomatology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Reanalysis of data from a study by Jason comparing symptom reports from two groups of ME/CFS and PASC patients shows a notably similar symptomatology. Symptom scores of the PASC group and the ME/CFS group correlated 0.902 (p < 0.0001) across items. The hypothesis is presented that ME/CFS and PASC are caused by a chronic state of multisystemic disequilibrium including endocrinological, immunological, and/or metabolic changes. The hypothesis holds that a changed set point persistently pushes the organism towards a pathological dysfunctional state which fails to reset. To use an analogy of a thermostat, if the ‘off switch’ of a thermostat intermittently stops working, for periods the house would become warmer and warmer without limit. The hypothesis draws on recent investigations of the Central Homeostasis Network showing multiple interconnections between the autonomic system, central nervous system, and brain stem. The hypothesis helps to explain the shared symptomatology of ME/CFS and PASC and the unpredictable, intermittent, and fluctuating pattern of symptoms of ME/CFS and PASC. The current theoretical approach remains speculative and requires in-depth investigation before any definite conclusions can be drawn.