Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulating Reduced-fat Sausages with Quinoa or Teff Flours: Effects on Emulsion Characteristics and Product Quality

Abstract This study dealt with the use of quinoa flour (QF) or teff flour (TF) as partial beef fat replacers in the formulation of emulsion-type sausages. A control (C) group was manufactured with 20% beef fat, while the other three groups were formulated with 10% beef fat plus 5% QF (Q), 5% TF (T), and 2.5% QF+2.5% TF (QT). Water-holding capacity of the emulsions was higher in Q (81.81%), T (82.20%), and QT (84.10%) samples than in C (64.83%) samples. Total expressible fluid and expressible fat were the lowest in Q and T samples, indicating the highest emulsion stability of those groups. Incorporation of QF and TF into formulations increased moisture and carbohydrate contents while decreased fat and energy values. Besides, the use of QF was effective to increase protein and dietary fiber contents. T sausages had lower luminosity (L*) and higher yellowness (b*) than C sausages, whilst Q sausages did not result in significant color changes. Higher cook yield values were recorded in Q (97.96%), T (98.21%), and QT (98.15%) samples compared with C (96.44%) samples. Inclusion of QF and TF to formulation led to lower hardness and gumminess, while utilization of TF was also effective to decrease chewiness. Consequently, healthier emulsified sausages were obtained by the inclusion of QF or TF that could decrease the fat content more than 50% without sacrificing overall quality, bringing advantages by quinoa over teff for increasing nutritional value and leading minimal modifications on color and texture.
Polimorfismos de los genes del sistema leptina- melanocortina asociados con la obesidad en la población adulta de Barranquilla

Resumen Introducción. La obesidad se considera un grave problema de salud pública y por ello se hacen esfuerzos en la búsqueda de genes como el LEP, el LEPR y el MC4R del sistema leptina-melanocortina, el cual opera en la regulación neuroendocrina de la ingestión y el equilibrio energético e influye en la patogenia de la enfermedad. Los resultados contradictorios en torno a la asociación de estos genes con la obesidad plantean la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones. Objetivo. Analizar los polimorfismos rs2167270 del gen LEP, rs1137101 del gen LEPR y rs17782313 del gen MC4R asociados con la obesidad y sus variables clínicas y bioquímicas en una muestra de pacientes adultos de Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 111 personas obesas y 155 no obesas como controles. Los polimorfismos se determinaron mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real. Se tomaron las medidas antropométricas, se evaluó la presión arterial y se hicieron pruebas bioquímicas. Resultados. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en la frecuencia alélica y genotípica de los polimorfismos en los grupos estudiados. En cuanto a las variables clínicas y bioquímicas, el genotipo CC del polimorfismo rs17782313 del gen MC4R, se asoció con un aumento de la presión arterial sistólica y, el alelo T y su genotipo homocigoto, con una disminución del colesterol HDL en los obesos. No se evidenció ningún efecto de los otros polimorfismos en estas variables. Conclusiones. Los polimorfismos rs2167270 del gen LEP, rs1137101 del gen LEPR y rs17782313 del gen MC4R, no se asociaron con obesidad en la población analizada. Se encontró que el polimorfismo rs17782313 del gen MC4R influyó en el aumento de la presión arterial sistólica y la disminución del colesterol HDL en las personas obesas.
The magnitude of COVID-19 related stress, anxiety and depression associated with intense mass media coverage in Saudi Arabia

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in catastrophic consequences in many aspects of life; including negative psychological effects. We aimed to assess the mental health status of a group of Saudi population during this pandemic. Also, we aimed to assess the effect of the intensive media coverage of the pandemic news on mental health status. A questionnaire was distributed online to test depression, anxiety, and stress (using the DASS-21 scale) and their relationship to certain variables. A total of 215 respondents were included. Higher mental health prevalence rates were reported in non-Saudi participants compared to Saudi ones (i.e., 50.74% vs. 30.40%; 34.23% vs. 13.51% and 59.70% vs. 27.70%; for depression, anxiety and stress, respectively). About 55.8% of the participants felt the extensive coverage in the media of COVID-19 news, which caused higher mental sufferings. Higher mental health prevalence rates were reported in females compared to males participants (i.e., 56.97% vs. 23.25%; 30.23% vs. 13.17% and 54.65% vs. 26.35%; for depression, anxiety and stress, respectively). Reasonable following of the COVID-19 news; and less exposure to the pandemic information could help in reducing the mental health issues related to the ongoing pandemic. Special care and attention should be paid to females and younger people who seem to be particularly affected during the era of COVID-19.
Review of Surveys on Euro–Mediterranean Relations, and an Introduction to the Elite Survey in MEDRESET

With the dramatic changes in the political sphere of the Mediterranean countries, new challenges have emerged in the existing framework of relations between the EU and its southern neighbours. In order to thoroughly understand how the EU practices have affected the Mediterranean countries, and identify the outcomes of the adopted policies, MEDRESET introduces the Elite Survey within its Work Package 3, which will enable us to explore Euro– Mediterranean relations through fieldwork in selected countries. The survey findings will serve as background to develop alternative visions for a more inclusive partnership between the EU and the Mediterranean. In consideration of this, the present paper is devoted to the conceptual and methodological framework of the MEDRESET Work Package 3, which incorporates the Elite Survey and its design into a relevant scope of research. To this end, the paper reviews existing surveys conducted in the Mediterranean in order to define the current outlook. It also identifies the gaps in these studies to discuss how the Elite Survey can contribute to the existing literature through the fieldwork data, and details the analytical framework and methodology for the survey.
Recent Successive Cancellation Decoding Methods for Polar Codes

Due to its superior error correcting performance with affordable hardware complexity, the Polar code becomes one of the most important error correction codes (ECCs) and now intensively examined to check its applicability in various fields. However, Successive Cancellation (SC) decoding that brings the advanced Successive Cancellation List (SCL) decoding suffers from the long latency due to the nature of serial processing limiting the practical implementation. To mitigate this problem, many decoding architectures, mainly divided into pruning and parallel decoding, are presented in previous manuscripts. In this paper, we compare the recent SC decoding architectures and analyze them using a tree structure.
Is morphological decomposition limited to low frequency words? : An analytical review of morphological effects in

A lot of research has been done so far on the cognitive processes underlying the recognition of printed words. This added enormous theories of reading and computational models in the field. Followed by a great deal of debate that these theories and models are concerned with morphologically simple words but not dealing with morphologically complex words. Numerous articles have been published on morphological decomposition of words. the present study provides a review of McCormick, S. F. , Brysbaert, M. , & Rastle, K. ’s work (2009) on morphological processing of words. The article under review supports the claim that an automatic process of decomposition is applied to all morphologically structured stimuli irrespective of their lexical characteristics (Rastle, Davis, & New, 2004). This claim has been tested on low frequency and non-word primes. They reported an evidence of masked priming for high frequency complex words. They conducted an experiment that compared masked priming affects for high frequency, low frequency and non-words and observed that these three conditions produced significant and equivalent effects. Therefore they confirmed the notion that a routine form of decomposition is applied to all morphologically structured stimuli. They argued that an automatic morpho-orthographic segmentation process is consistent with the single route models. Moreover, they discussed the 1 Corresponding Author: Shazia Akbar Ghilzai, faculty member at Department of Linguistics, QAU. A Doctoral student at USPC Paris13. Research Lab TTN, Paris 13.Email: sghilzai@qau.edu. pk www.sienajournals. com 169 parallel dual route models, horse race style models and an AAM (Augmented addressed morphology) model. The article presented the new data and related it with previous studies in the area of visual word recognition addressing the issue that high frequency words also undergo decomposition process and they proved their claim by manipulating the masked priming paradigm. They used a 1-9 scale to match the primes and targets for semantic relatedness. Semantics doesn’t play any role for masked priming experiment because the prime is displayed for a very short (in this experiment prime is displayed for 42 ms). Prime is almost invisible to the participants.
An Overview of Hypotheses and Supporting Evidence Regarding Drivers of Insect Gigantism in the Permo-Carboniferous

Insects provide powerful examples of the responses of organisms to environmental change. For example, insect body size gives us insight into the consequences of climate change due to shifts in atmospheric composition, both in the present and in the past. Indeed, one common hypothesis behind the enormous sizes of insects during the late Carboniferous to early Permian (323.2 to 265.0 million years ago) is that such sizes were enabled by elevated oxygen levels (hyperoxia) during the Permo-Carboniferous, when atmospheric oxygen was as high as 60% greater than its present-day concentration. To examine whether the giant body sizes of insects were solely a response to a high partial pressure of oxygen, I assess the strengths and weaknesses of studies to date and address the need for further research that would allow for more robust tests of this hypothesis. Conclusions from the growing body of literature on geomagnetic polarity reversal, insect physiology, paleoecology, paleoclimatology, and paleoentomology suggest that even present-day oxygen levels might have been enough to induce gigantism, but can no longer, due to more recent selection against large insects that has limited their maximum body sizes since the Permo-Carboniferous. Additionally, more definitive studies on long-term evolutionary changes of insect size in high oxygen levels are needed before the question of whether high oxygen levels drive insect gigantism can be adequately answered.
Potential permeability enhancement in Early Jurassic shales due to their swelling and shrinkage behavior

The presence of water in mudrocks has a largely negative impact on production of gas stored in these rocks, due to the fact that water causes swelling of the rock. Removing the water from the mudrock could potentially shrink the rock and increase the overall permeability of the rock. Investigation of the swelling/shrinkage behaviour of the rock during exposure to water vapour is of key importance in designing and optimizing unconventional production strategies. We have used outcrop samples of the Whitby Mudstone and the Posidonia shale, potential unconventional sources for gas in North-western Europe, to measure the swelling and shrinkage behaviour. Swelling and shrinkage of the rocks when exposed to water vapour was measured directly using 1mm sample cubes in two different setups. The mm cubes were exposed to different levels of relative humidity either in an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) or in a 3D dilatometer. Swelling of Whitby Mudstone and Posidonia shale is heterogeneous with 2–3 times more measured swelling strain perpendicular to the bedding. Volumetric swelling strains showed values between 0.6 and 2.2% for the Whitby mudstone and the Posidonia shale, respectively. The results suggest that it might be possible to increase permeability in the reservoir by decreasing the in-situ water activity due to shrinkage of the matrix.
Clinicopathological Study of Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors

Intradural-Extramedullary (inside the durra) tumors grow within the spinal canal (under the membrane that covers the spinal cord) but outside of the nerves. Usually these tumors are benign and slow growing. However, they can cause symptoms of pain and weakness. The present study was to review the various intradural extramedullary lesions of the spine, with pathologic correlation. During April 2011 to March 2013, 52 spinal tumors cases were diagnosed at Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Medicine, Mamata Medical College General Hospital Khammam. The youngest patient in this series was 21 years old girl and the oldest patient was 60 yrs old female. Most of the patients were 30-40 yrs age group i.e., 12 patient (37.5%). There were Male: 13 (40.6%) and Female: 19 (59.4%), Slight female predominance is seen in occurrence of intradural extramedullary tumors. The duration of symptoms varies from 2 months to 5 years with a mean of 2 years 2 months. Nerve sheath tumor was the common histopatholigical type. In the present series among all the spinal tumors the incidence of intradural ectramedullary spinal tumors is 57.14%. Mean age of presentation for meningioma is 36 yrs and for nerve sheath tumors id 39.5 years. Most of the tumors were located in thoracic region (56%) followed by cervical (22%) and lumber (22%).
OP-MOLB190173 2387..2399

The ability to translate a single genome into multiple phenotypes, or developmental plasticity, defines how phenotype derives from more than just genes. However, to study the evolutionary targets of plasticity and their evolutionary fates, we need to understand how genetic regulators of plasticity control downstream gene expression. Here, we have identified a transcriptional response specific to polyphenism (i.e., discrete plasticity) in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus. This species produces alternative resource-use morphs—microbivorous and predatory forms, differing in the form of their teeth, a morphological novelty—as influenced by resource availability. Transcriptional profiles common to multiple polyphenism-controlling genes in P. pacificus reveal a suite of environmentally sensitive loci, or ultimate target genes, that make up an induced developmental response. Additionally, in vitro assays show that one polyphenism regulator, the nuclear receptor NHR-40, physically binds to promoters with putative HNF4a (the nuclear receptor class including NHR40) binding sites, suggesting this receptor may directly regulate genes that describe alternative morphs. Among differentially expressed genes were morph-limited genes, highlighting factors with putative “on–off” function in plasticity regulation. Further, predatory morph-biased genes included candidates—namely, all four P. pacificus homologs of Hsp70, which have HNF4a motifs—whose natural variation in expression matches phenotypic differences among P. pacificus wild isolates. In summary, our study links polyphenism regulatory loci to the transcription producing alternative forms of a morphological novelty. Consequently, our findings establish a platform for determining how specific regulators of morph-biased genes may influence selection on plastic phenotypes.
Systematic revision and phylogeny of the Andean scirpoids (Cyperaceae Scirpeae)

Oreobolopsis inversa, a new species of Cyperaceae from the Andes occurring in Ecuador and Peru, is fully described and illustrated. It differs from Oreobolopsis tepalifera Koyama & Guaglianone by its stiff erect leaves and tepals shorter than the achene. The habit of the new species is very similar to Trichophorum rigidum (Steudel) Goetghebeur, Muasya & Simpson, but there are some remarkable differences in floral morphology between the two. In addition, the combination Oreobolopsis clementis (M.E. Jones) Dhooge & Goetghebeur is made. The genus Oreobolopsis was described by Koyama & Guaglianone (1987) based on a single species, Oreobolopsis tepalifera. The well-developed, membranous tepals are the most conspicuous aspect of the genus. During our study of a number of scirpoid specimens from the Americas, the presence of two additional species became evident, one new taxon from the Andes, and another from California, U.S.A. which was initially described as Scirpus clementis M.E. Jones and recently transferred to Trichophorum Persoon by Smith (1995). Oreobolopsis inversa Dhooge & Goetghebeur, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Azuay: Parque Nacional de Las Cajas, along road Soldados – Angas, ca. 13 km from Soldados, 79° 17’ W, 02° 53’ S, alt. 3900-4000 m, 2 May 1992, S. Laegaard 102684 (holotype, GENT; isotypes, AAU, QCA, QCNE). Figure 1. Herba perennis rigida. Folia erecta. Spicula solitaria terminalis. Glumae inferiores vacuae 3. Glumae floriferae 3-4. Flos bisexualis cum tepala 3+3, squamiformia, persistentia, achenium breviora. Achenium brunneum, obovatum, trigonum. Perennial, rhizomatous herb, forming dense tussocks (Figure 1A). Roots up to 1 mm wide, brownish. Culm (4-)11-25 cm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, erect, terete with 8 to 10 ribs, rounded-trigonous below the inflorescence, scabrous distally. Leaves stiff and erect, shorter than longest culms; sheaths brown; blades (2-) 5-11 cm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide, green, acute, margins scabrous, upper part asymmetrical (surface of adaxial side is reduced to rib towards leaf tip). Ligule membranous, brown. Inflorescence of a single pseudolateral spikelet, 4-6 x 2-3 mm (Figure 1B). Involucral bracts 2; lower bract pseudoterminal, 13-19 mm long, scabrous, with an awn 10-18 mm long; the upper bract 4-6 mm long, glumiform, scabrous, with an awn 1-3 mm long. Glumes spirally arranged, brown, elliptical, glabrous; lower glumes 3-3.5 mm long, empty, obtuse; fruit-bearing glumes 3 or 4, 3-4 mm long, obtuse, sometimes bifid at tip. Flowers bisexual. Tepals 3 + 3, scale-like, shorter than achene (Figure 1C); outer whorl of tepals 1-1.4 x 0.5-0.9 mm , pale, obtuse or bifid; inner whorl of tepals 0.5-1 x 0.2-0.5 mm, irregularly lobed, pale, often with a central, reddish, acute tip. Stamens 3; anthers about 1 mm long, opening with 2 longitudinal slits, redtinged; filaments pale brown. Ovary 3-carpellate; stigma branches 3, papillose. Achene 1.51. 7 x 1-1.3 mm, obovate, trigonous, brown, glabrous (Figure 1D).
MONOCULAR RECONSTRUCTION OF DYNAMIC VEHICLES ON ARBITRARY ROAD PROFILES FROM A MOVING CAMERA

Accurate localization of other traffic participants is a vital task in autonomous driving systems. State-of-the-art systems employ a combination of sensing modalities such as RGB cameras and LiDARs for localizing traffic participants. However, with the advent and subsequent commercialization of autonomous driving, there has been an increased interest in monocular object localization (and reconstruction) for urban driving scenarios. While there have been very interesting attempts to tackle this problem using a single monocular camera, most approaches assume that the ego car and the car to be localized share the same road plane. This condition is often termed as the coplanarity assumption. In this thesis, we relax the aforementioned coplanarity assumption and demonstrate — to the best of our knowledge — the first results for monocular object localization and shape estimation on surfaces that are non-coplanar with the moving ego vehicle mounted with a monocular camera. We approximate road surfaces by local planar patches and use semantic cues from vehicles in the scene to initialize a local bundle-adjustment like procedure that simultaneously estimates the 3D pose and shape of the vehicles, and the orientation of the local ground plane on which the vehicle stands. We also demonstrate that our approach transfers from synthetic to real data, without any hyperparameter-/fine-tuning. We evaluate the proposed approach on the KITTI and SYNTHIA-SF benchmarks, for a variety of road plane configurations. The proposed approach significantly improves the state-of-the-art for monocular object localization on arbitrarily profiled/graded roads.
‘Diagnosis of Basic Learning Skills Task Battery’ Modified for Engineering Students

Background . Th e higher education system today requires students to be able to conduct independent academic work outside the educational system. Some data has been developed on the general educational skills of students; however, the available works are most o ft en devoted to the skills of students in the humanities, yet in technical fi elds such as engineering, scienti fi c knowledge becomes outdated much faster, which is associated with the global digitalization of society. Objective . To assess the Diagnosis of Basic Learning Skills Task Battery (Metodika diagnostiki osnovnykh uchebnykh umenii) as modi fi ed for engineering students. Design . Th e study was conducted in several stages. First, we created six sets of tasks for assessment of basic learning skills, based on the subject matter of engineering disciplines for students at three educational stages ( fi rst-year students, fourth-year students and second-year master students). Next, engineering students at di ff erent educational stages at Moscow Technological University (N = 135) took part in testing of the proposed task battery. Th ey were also administered the Diagnosis of Supplementary Learning Skills Inventory by Il-yasov (questions for self-assessment), and a survey of academic performance and socio-demographic variables. Skills of memorization and consolidation of knowledge were not assessed in the current study. Results . Con fi rmatory factor analysis allowed us to establish high convergent validity of the task battery (p = 0.001). Internal consistency of the separate scales of the battery was acceptable (Cronbach’s a ranged from 0.692 to 0.839). Т here were signi fi cant positive connections between the modi fi ed task battery for diagnosis of basic learning skills and the battery for diagnosis of supplementary learning skills, academic performance, and educational stages. Conclusion . Th e results demonstrate that the modi fi ed battery is a valid and reliable tool for measuring basic learning skills.