Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adiabatic Shear Band Modeling in Inconel-718 Alloy

The failure mechanism for thick metal plates impacted by blunt projectiles is known as an adiabatic shear band (ASB), which results in a catastrophic failure due to concentrated shear deformation. ASB is generally considered to be a material or structural instability and as such is not controllable. ASBs are a thermodynamic phenomenon occurring at high strain rates and are characterized by large deformations, localized in a narrow band consisting of highly sheared material. Due to the extreme localization of the shear band it is difficult to model it using FEM, because the mesh size needed to capture it is often not practical for real applications. ASBs can control failures in ballistic impacts. For example, the strength characteristics of Inconel 718 are superior to those of Titanium 6Al4V, in quasi-static conditions. Hence, the ballistic limit for the same geometry plates of these materials should be very different. Unexpectedly, tests show that the materials have a similar ballistic limit for a 0.5” plate. The explanation for this similarity is that, inside the ASB the temperature rises to above 700°C, where Inconel undergoes a phase transformation that makes it brittle, causing a sudden failure. Ti6Al4V HPC lattice has a different microstructure than Inconel’s, and so its ASB behavior also differs. 2D analyses are presented, with progressively reduced element sizes until ASB appearance. ASBs of Inconel are shown to have a width of approximately 5 μm. This is far smaller than an element from an “industrial size” mesh. The elements of the mesh need to be smaller than the ASB width in order to capture the localization of shear and the consequent temperature rise in that region. As adiabatic shear band modeling exhibits a strong dependency on mesh size, we propose to neutralize the effects of different mesh dimensions by implementing a new regularization algorithm. The new algorithm will increase the amount of plastic work converted into heat as function of mesh size, where ASBs will occur. The updated model will replicate the ASB characteristics obtained with the ultra-fine 2D mesh using an “industrial size” mesh.
INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND EMPLOYMENT: FINDINGS ROM EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS

Researchers, policymakers, trades unions and employees are all interested in the employment effects of innovation and technological change. This interest has generated a long-standing debate and a rich set of theoretical and empirical findings. Because the innovation-employment relationship is conditional on innovation and skill types and a wide range of compensation and displacement mechanisms, reported findings have remained varied. This chapter draws on meta-analysis and mixed-method systematic review evidence to establish where the balance of the evidence lies and what explains the heterogeneity therein. After controlling for publication selection bias, the ‘average’ effect of innovation on employment is positive but small; and conceals a high degree of heterogeneity. Other findings indicate that: (i) the effect on unskilled labor employment is negative and the adverse effect is more pronounced in developing countries; (ii) the job-creation effect is relatively smaller in innovation-intensive industries apart from the ICT industry; (iii) patented innovations are associated with a relatively smaller employment effect; (iv) the difference between the employment effects of product and process innovation is more evident in less developed countries; (v) job-creating effects tend to diminish over time; (vi) the structure of North-South and South-South trade is likely to accentuate the skill bias of technological change; and (vii) the effect of innovation on employment follows a U-pattern when plotted against employment protection legislation in OECD countries. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion on what these findings imply for future research and public policy debate. INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND EMPLOYMENT: FINDINGS ROM EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Published as: Ugur M. (2020) Innovation, technology adoption and employment: Evidence synthesis. In: Zimmermann K. (eds) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_2-1
EXCAVATION REPORT FOR LEANG RAKKOE: A NEW TOALEAN SITE WITH ENGRAVED ART IN THE BOMBORO VALLEY, MAROS REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI

South Sulawesi's pre-Neolithic assemblages are dominated by Toalean-period cultural deposits, however the nature and extent of the Toalean technoculture continues to be enigmatic. To date, the chronology of Toalean technology remains unclear, and no art has yet been attributed to this period despite the rich cave art of the karst region of the Maros and Pangkep regencies. An excavation was conducted at Leang Rakkoe rockshelter, in the Bomboro Valley of Maros, in the hope that it could help clarify these issues. While the deposits proved unstable and could not be directly dated, the excavation did provide new insights into Toalean stone artefact manufacture techniques at a site containing previously-undocumented examples of engraved art.
Convolutional Neural Networks with Local Context Masks

This work proposes, implements and evaluates modified convolution operation within CNNs which explicitly considers additional context when processing data. This is done through a mechanism where local context corresponds to a local realvalued convolution mask which assigns higher weights to contextually close data and lower weights to contextually distant data. Basics of machine learning are briefly reviewed and theoretical background for the method is given. Networks with and without the novel operation are trained with a simple, fair training process, utilizing identical training parameters. Many expectations of potential benefits are refuted, some are confirmed. Traditional convolution is found to achieve better results in the experiments than the proposed novel operation.
Unsteady Coanda effect and drag reduction for a turbulent wake

Abstract We experimentally study the unsteady forcing of the turbulent wake of a three-dimensional blunt body for drag reduction purposes. The forcing is provided by pulsed jets coupled to small flush-mounted curved surfaces and affects the dynamics of the shear layer at separation from the trailing edge of the model. The systematic analysis of the influence of various parameters (forcing frequency and amplitude, radius of curvature $r$ of the surfaces, free-stream velocity $U_0$) on the base drag reduction provides key ingredients to identify proper scaling laws of the mechanisms involved and to model them. The flow reattachment and separation on the curved surfaces result in a boat-tailing of the wake leading to drag reductions of up to $12\,\%$ and are noticeably influenced by the time scale of unsteadiness of the forcing. For high frequencies of the order of $O(U_0/r)$, strong vortical coherent structures produced by the interaction between the pulsed jets and the separating shear layer promote the interaction of the flow with the curved surfaces. Moreover, the local curvature and pressure gradients across the separating shear layer in the vicinity of flow separation are noticeably modified to result in a further pressure drag reduction for a given forcing amplitude. A simple inviscid-flow model illustrates the peculiar induced effect of these coherent structures on the flow, which explains both the curvature effects leading to additional drag decrease and the saturation in drag decrease for increasing forcing amplitude. The results point to the need for careful combination between forcing frequency and size of the curved surfaces to achieve all the potential in drag reduction of the unsteady Coanda effect. The effort to propose scaling laws and models of the unsteady Coanda effect is a step towards implementing this control strategy at an industrial scale or on different fluid dynamics problems.
A Novel Deep Convolutional Neural Network Architecture Based on Transfer Learning for Handwritten Urdu Character Recognition

: Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have made a huge impact on computer vision and set the state-of-the-art in providing extremely definite classification results. For character recognition, where the training images are usually inadequate, mostly transfer learning of pre-trained CNN is often utilized. In this paper, we propose a novel deep convolutional neural network for handwritten Urdu character recognition by transfer learning three pre-trained CNN models. We fine-tuned the layers of these pre-trained CNNs so as to extract features considering both global and local details of the Urdu character structure. The extracted features from the three CNN models are concatenated to train with two fully connected layers for classification. The experiment is conducted on UNHD, EMILLE, DBAHCL, and CDB/Farsi dataset, and we achieve 97.18% average recognition accuracy which outperforms the individual CNNs and numerous conventional classification methods.
Ion and water balance in the ixodid tick Dermacentor andersoni. I. Routes of ion and water excretion.

1. The salivary gland of the ixodid tick, Dermacentor andersoni , can be induced to secrete fluid for at least 6 h when bathed in an artificial medium in vitro . 2. Fluid secretion appears to be a consequence of active Cl secretion since ( a ) it is inhibited by 95% when nitrate and by 100% when acetate replaces Cl in the bathing medium; however, bromide can support secretion as well as Cl, ( b ) the rates of fluid and Cl secretion are linearly related to the concentration of Cl in the medium; and ( c ) the S/H ratio for Cl is greater than unity at all concentrations despite a transacinar P.D. of 35 mV (lumen negative). 3. Although (in the presence of Na) a low concentration of K in the bathing medium stimulates the rate of fluid secretion fivefold, higher concentrations of K inhibit fluid secretion. The latter is largely due to a direct effect of K ion and not simply to increased osmotic pressure or reduced Na concentration. Fluid secretion is completely in hibited by 10-6 M ouabain. On the basis of these observations we propose that fluid secretion may be dependent on a Na-K activated ‘pump ATPase’, which is somehow involved in cation secretion. The S/H ratios of Na and K are greater than unity at all medium concentrations. 4. The saliva secreted in vitro is slightly hypo-osmotic to the bathing medium over a wide range of medium concentration (300-920 mOsm/l). We postulate that the primary saliva is iso- or hyper-osmotic to the bathing medium; the final elaborated saliva is probably rendered hypo-osmotic by a process of solute reabsorption somewhere between the acini and the orifice of the main salivary duct.
The Persistence of Socio-Emotional Skills Life Cycle and Intergenerational Evidence

This paper investigates the evolution of socio-emotional skills over the life cycle and across generations. We start by characterising the evolution of these skills in the first part of the life cycle. We then examine whether parents’ socio-emotional skills in early childhood rather than in adolescence are more predictive of their children’s socio-emotional skills. We exploit data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and focus on two dimensions of socioemotional skills: internalizing and externalizing skills, linked respectively to the ability of focusing attention and engaging in interpersonal activities. When looking at the evolution of socio-emotional skills over the life cycle, we notice a considerable amount of persistence which leads to a rejection of the simple Markov dynamic models often used in the literature. The BCS70 contains data on the skills of three generations. Moreover, the skills for cohort members and their children are not observed at the same calendar time, but at similar ages. We establish that parents’ and children’s socio-emotional skills during early childhood are comparable and estimate intergenerational mobility in socio-emotional skills, examining the link between the parent’s socio-emotional skills at age 5, 10 and 16 and the child’s socio-emotional skills between ages 3 and 16. We show that the magnitudes of intergenerational persistence estimates are smaller than the magnitude of intergenerational persistence estimates in occupation and income found for the United Kingdom. Finally, we estimate multi-generational persistence in socio-emotional skills and find that the grandmother’s internalizing skill correlates with the grandchild’s socio-emotional skills even after controlling for parental skills.
SELECTION OF THE MAIN FACTORS AFFECTING CLEANING AND GRADING FENNEL SEEDS AT INCLINED SIEVE OSCILLATION

Nowadays, the world considers the medicinal and aromatic plants as natural alternative to the chemical drugs because it has no side effects. Moreover, there is a difficulty for any country to achieve selfsufficient of chemical drugs. Fennel is considered one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plant in Egypt. Commercial fennel varies greatly in quality, this being due to the lack of care during harvesting. Also, the presence of impurities in seeds decrease in the quality and standardization. So the use of grain cleaning and grading equipment is important for cereal producer as an aid to marketing his product. An experimental cleaning machine was development. The slope of the sieve unit, air velocity, crank speed and stroke length could be adjusted easily as required. The cleaning unit was tested under the following main factors (the crank speed of the sieve unit, stroke length, and slope of the sieve unit). Seeds were graded by the machine, into three categories, collected at three separate outlets. The maximum cleanliness obtained for grade one, two ,and three were 99.15,98.74 and 83.65 % respectively, and obtained at crank speed of 250 rpm, amplitude 20mm, sieve slope 8.5 degrees, and air velocity 2.7 m/s. The maximum effectiveness of the unit was 78.8%. INTRODUCTION ennel is considered to be one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants in Egypt, Seeds from 4 to 5 % volatile oils. Fennel can be used as antispasmodic, carminative and for the relief of epigastric pain, intestinal cramps and colics especially for infants. Its roots are also used as laxative and diuretic. Fennel oil is used in manufacturing of condiment, 1 Researcher, Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. , Agric. Rec. Center. F Misr J. Ag. Eng., 27 (2): 628 643
Seismic Evidence for Crustal Modification Beneath the Hartford Rift Basin in the Northeastern United States

Extensive Mesozoic rifting along the eastern North American margin formed a series of basins, including the Hartford basin in southern New England. Nearly contemporaneously, the geographically widespread Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) was emplaced. The Hartford basin provides an ideal place to investigate the roles of rifting and magmatism in crustal evolution, as the integration of the dense SEISConn array and other seismic networks provides excellent station coverage. Using full‐wave ambient noise tomography, we constructed a detailed crustal model, revealing a low‐velocity (Vs = 3.3–3.6 km/s) midcrust and a high‐velocity (Vs = 4.0–4.5 km/s) lower crust beneath the Hartford basin. The low‐velocity midcrust may correspond to a layer of radial anisotropy due to extension and crustal thinning during rifting. The high‐velocity crustal root likely represents the remnant of magmatic underplating resulting from the CAMP event. Our findings shed light on crustal modification associated with supercontinental breakup, rifting, extension, and magmatism.
Micropropagation of juvenile and mature Annona muricata L

SummaryA complete micropropagation system using juvenile or mature explants of soursop (Annona muricata L.), a tropical fruit tree, was developed. Adventitious bud and shoot proliferation were achieved from hypocotyls of seedlings. Lateral shoots were stimulated from the initiated meristems in nodal explants of mature trees. Increasing concentrations of BAP added to the basic Woody Plant Medium stimulated up to four or five shoots per explant in nodal cuttings or hypocotyls, respectively. The addition of NAA with BAP was essential for outgrowth of buds. Rooting was stimulated by galactose and NAA after explants were preconditioned for two weeks in a plain medium containing 10 g l-1 of activated charcoal. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized successfully.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP ON PRODUCT DESIGN AND COMPANY INFORMATION SAFETY, AS MEDIATED BY WORKPLACE AND EMPLOYEE FACTORS

Organisations today are aware of the importance of designing excellent products and of protecting their sensitive/proprietary information. However, in assessing both of these, researchers and organisations alike are fond of focusing externally by assessing product design via customer ratings, purchases, etc. and assessing company information safety from the perspective of outsider threats such as hackers. The present study looks within organisations in assessing both of these key variables by determining employee perception of leadership based on the social identity theory, how this perception influences said key variables, and how this influence is otherwise mediated by variables classified as workplace and employee factors. It is found that leadership influences product design and company information safety only via some of the mediators considered in this study. The present study advances theoretical and practical understanding and application of the social identity leadership theory as well as sheds light on subtle and insufficiently investigated relationships between the variables of concern.
CLEP_A_264439 977..987

1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan; 2Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 3Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; 4Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan; 5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan; 6Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 7Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 8Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan; 9Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; 10Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; 11Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; 12Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; 13Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan; 14School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Background: Sexual problems are common in male lung cancer survivors. However, the development of erectile dysfunction (ED) in lung cancer patients after surgery has been rarely explored. In this study, we aimed to explore the incidence and risk factors of ED after lung cancer surgery. Methods: From 2000 to 2012, 6025 and 24,100 male patients were included in each matched cohort of lung cancer and non-lung cancer patients, respectively. Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The incidence of ED was higher in the lung cancer cohort compared to the nonlung cancer cohort (38.47 vs 28.28 per 10,000 person-years) with an adjusted IRR (aIRR) of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.06–1.70, p=0.014) after the confounders were adjusted for. An increased incidence of ED was observed in the lung cancer cohort aged 40–54 years (aIRR: 5.44, 95% CI: 2.25–13.15, p<0.001), 55–64 years (aIRR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.61–8.17, p=0.002) years, and anxiety (aIRR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.81–4.94, p<0.001). In addition, a higher incidence of emergency room (ER) visits (aIRR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.98–2.42, p<0.001) was observed in lung cancer patients with ED compared to those without ED. Conclusion: Our study results suggested that early surveillance and intervention of ED should be advocated in lung cancer patients after surgery.
Evaluation of tree mortality and parasitoid recoveries on the contiguous western invasion front of emerald ash borer

A recent invader to North America, emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Buprestidae), is expanding its western range into new habitats. We examined how site factors affect the emergence and damage caused by this beetle on the western edge of its contiguous population in eastern Wisconsin, U.S.A. We characterized forest structure and quantified signs and symptoms of A. planipennis from 2010 to 2013. We evaluated the potential for establishment of three host‐specific parasitic Hymenoptera, released as biological control agents of A. planipennis. During June to September 2011, we conducted releases of 1500 Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Encyrtidae), 1900 Spathius agrili Yang (Braconidae) and 2700 Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae) at the same location. Signs and symptoms of A. planipennis increased in abundance during the present study. Emergence of A. planipennis was greater in larger diameter trees and in subplots with more ash trees. More epicormic shoots were on the upper halves of trees in subplots with a higher percentage of ash. Fraxinus nigra exhibited a higher incidence of ruptured bark than Fraxinus pennsylvanica. In January 2013, we felled four infested ash trees and censused insect emergence from the entire trees. We recovered 441 A. planipennis, 41 T. planipennisi and no other released parasitoids. These results suggest that, of these three parasitoids, T. planipennisi has the highest likelihood of contributing to biological control in Wisconsin, although ash mortality will proceed rapidly and likely supersede the effects of the parasitoids. The best opportunity for introduced parasitoids to benefit Wisconsin may arise in post‐outbreak, recovering forests.
Institutional Change and Economic Growth in Brazil since 1870: Evidence from a New Dataset

Are institutions (and changes in institutions) a deep cause of economic growth? This paper tries to answer this question in a new way by focusing on within-country variation over long periods of time. It uses a new and unique hand-collected data set of political institutions and the power-ARCH econometric framework. The focus is on the link between institutional change and economic growth in Brazil from 1870 to 2003. The results suggest that both informal and formal political instability affect economic growth negatively, with important differences in terms of their shortversus long-run behavior, in that not all but just a few selected institutions affect economic growth in the long-run.
Gravitational Waves and Binary Black Holes

The theoretical aspects of the gravitational motion and radiation of binary black hole systems are reviewed. Several of these theoretical aspects (high-order post-Newtonian equations of motion, high-order post-Newtonian gravitational-wave emission formulas, Effective-One-Body formalism, Numerical-Relativity simulations) have played a significant role in allowing one to compute the 250 000 gravitational-wave templates that were used for searching and analyzing the first gravitational-wave events from coalescing binary black holes recently reported by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration.