Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytic computation of the secular effects of encounters on a binary: features arising from second-order perturbation theory

Binary–single interactions play a crucial role in the evolution of dense stellar systems such as globular clusters. In addition, they are believed to drive black hole (BH) binary mergers in these systems. A subset of binary–single interactions are secular encounters, for which the third body approaches the binary on a relatively wide orbit, and such that it is justified to average the equations of motion over the binary’s orbital phase. Previous works used first-order (FO) perturbation theory to compute the effects of such secular encounters on the binary. However, this approach can break down for highly eccentric binaries, which are important for BH binary mergers and gravitational wave sources. Here, we present an analytic computation using second-order perturbation techniques, valid to the quadrupole-order approximation. In our calculation, we take into account the instantaneous back reaction of the binary to the third body, and compute corrections to previous FO results. Using singly averaged and direct three-body integrations, we demonstrate the validity of our expressions. In particular, we show that the eccentricity change for highly eccentric binaries can reach a plateau, associated with a large inclination change, and can even reverse sign. These effects are not captured by previous FO results. We provide a simple script to conveniently evaluate our analytic expressions, including routines for numerical integration and verification.
FACTORS INFLUENCING VIETNAMESE STUDENTS’ CHOICES TO ATTAIN ENGLISH PROFICIENCY STANDARDS IN A UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM

In the current era of globalization, English is considered a necessary skill for education and work and a criterion for evaluation in recruitment and graduation assessments in many places in Vietnam. According to the project entitled "Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages in the National Education System Phase 2008 - 2020", non-English majored university students must achieve a minimum of Level 3 according to the 6-level Foreign Language Proficiency Framework used in Vietnam. Several universities have diversified their ways to meet these standards to facilitate students in meeting the English language outcomes, allowing students more opportunities to choose ways that are suitable for them. However, this also indicates that various influencing factors will impact students' selection of ways to meet these standards. This research explores the primary ways students choose to fulfill English language standards as stipulated and analyzes the factors influencing the choices of non-English major students in universities in Vietnam. Article visualizations:
The Transfer and Fate of Cadmium and Zinc from Sewage Sludge Amended Agricultural Soil in an Arthropod Food Chain

The re-cycling of sewage sludgeis the most significant entry point for trace metalsin to the agroecosystem. However, the investigation of the transfer and fate of trace metals in soil-plant-arthropod systems in an agricultural context has received little attention, despite the potential threat that secondary toxicity to predatory arthropodsposes to the biological control of crop pests.In this study, an agricultural soil was amended with sewage sludgeat rates up to an equivalent of 100 t (dry solids) ha-1.The subsequenttransfer of Zn and Cd through an ecologically relevant soil-crop-aphid-arthropod predator systemwasinvestigatedin a series of pot trials. Results show that Zn was transferred to a greater extent than Cd between all components of the system, except between the roots and shoots. Cadmium was only biomagnified in roots and was biominimised in shoots, aphids and ladybirds. Zinc was biomagnified in roots, shoots, andaphids compared to the soil, but concentrationsin ladybirds were similar to those in the aphids they consumed.Differences between winter and spring wheat were found to have a larger influence on the transfer of Cd and Zn in the systemthan differences between winter wheat and spring barley. It was also shown that the rose grain aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum) accumulateshigher concentrationsof Cd than the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae). Whilst concentrationsof Zn did not differ between the two species of aphid, concentrations in M. dirhodum appearedto be more closely regulated than in S.avenae. Consumptionof S.avenaeby the fourth instar larvae of the seven-spottedladybird (Coccinella septempunctata)did not result in significant differences between treatmentsin newly emergedadults.This was partly the result of the sequestrationof the two metalsin the pupal exuviae. This mechanism had a greater effect on the Cd concentrations in newly emerged adult ladybirds than on Zn concentrations.In a further experiment,there appeared to be no pathway for the transfer of Cd from aphids to adult ladybirds, but a pathway was indicatedfor Zn. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to the agroecosystem andthe wider environment.
The level of emotional intelligence among Saudi nursing students: A cross-sectional study

Background Emotional intelligence is an individual’s capacity to comprehend, use, and control their own emotions to communicate and connect with people successfully. The emotional intelligence level among nursing students indicates their ability to regulate their emotions, possess self-awareness, demonstrate empathy, have motivation, and display social skills, impacting how they adapt during their education and preparation for nursing care. However, studies investigating emotional intelligence in the Saudi Arabian context are scarce. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the degree of emotional intelligence and its differences according to sociodemographic variables among nursing students in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 322 nursing students conveniently selected at Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between May and June 2023 utilizing the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT). Descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results Most of the students had emotional intelligence levels ranging from moderate to high (96.6%). There were significant differences in emotional intelligence levels according to the age of students, gender, year of study, marital status, mother’s education, physical and psychological health, and grade point average (p <0.05). Conclusion The study findings may offer valuable insights for nursing educators in universities, emphasizing the importance of enhancing emotional intelligence and integrating it into nursing curricula. Additionally, it highlights the need to develop effective strategies and training sessions and workshops according to sociodemographic factors to enhance emotional intelligence levels among nursing students.
“Is it Okay Not to be Okay?”: A Critical Literature Review of Barriers to Mental Health Treatment for Black Men

Black men reportedly have a high prevalence of mental illness with little to no counseling engagement. While there have been studies to determine potential influences on their lack of counseling utilization, the lack of impact toward progress and the scarcity of such literature in the counseling field proves the need for continued exploration. Many of these studies have been conducted by scholars in other social science disciplines with few done by counseling scholars. A review of research concerning Black men and counseling utilization is presented using BlackCrit as a theoretical framework. Racism and masculinity are highlighted as barriers to mental health treatment which require further exploration in counseling literature. Recommendations for improving future research and advocacy efforts are provided for counselors and other mental health professionals.
Bulat-Klarica-Oreskovic Hypothesis: A Comprehensive Review

Classical theories of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and flow are taught throughout medical education. The idea that CSF is produced and/or filtered by the choroid plexus and flows in one direction throughout the ventricular system has been a largely accepted thesis. However, modern studies have called into question the validity of this hypothesis, suggesting that CSF does not move unidirectionally but rather is driven by microvessel contractions in a to-and-fro manner throughout the cerebrospinal system. Moreover, new insights suggest that in addition to CSF production, the exchange of fluids and proteins between the cortical vasculature and the interstitium may function as the brain’s version of a lymphatic system. This comprehensive review provides evidence for a different framework of CSF flow. One that includes perivascular pulsations that push CSF back and forth, allowing exchange between the CSF and interstitium, and with CSF production occurring throughout the cerebrospinal system. These findings could be revolutionary in understanding the pathophysiology of CSF flow and in the treatment of pathologies such as intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, Alzheimer's disease, and many others.
Chemical Control of Three Desert Shrubs

During the first two years the herbicide was applied in water at rates of 16.7 and 33.4 pounds acid equivalent per 100 gallons and hand sprayed on the plants until they were dripping wet, which figured approximately 50 gallons per acre. The lower rate gave satisfactory kills on all three shrubs -85 to 100 per cent on whitethorn and tarbush, and 65 to 85 per cent on creosotebush. The higher rate gave greater kills, but differences were not significant.
Potential drug targets for asthma identified in the plasma and brain through Mendelian randomization analysis

Background Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and the involvement of neurogenic inflammation is crucial in its development. The standardized treatments focus on alleviating symptoms. Despite the availability of medications for asthma, they have proven to be inadequate in controlling relapses and halting the progression of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for novel drug targets to prevent asthma. Methods We utilized Mendelian randomization to investigate potential drug targets for asthma. We analyzed summary statistics from the UK Biobank and then replicated our findings in GWAS data by Demenais et al. and the FinnGen cohort. We obtained genetic instruments for 734 plasma and 73 brain proteins from recently reported GWAS. Next, we utilized reverse causal relationship analysis, Bayesian co-localization, and phenotype scanning as part of our sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, we performed a comparison and protein–protein interaction analysis to identify causal proteins. We also analyzed the possible consequences of our discoveries by the given existing asthma drugs and their targets. Results Using Mendelian randomization analysis, we identified five protein–asthma pairs that were significant at the Bonferroni level (P < 6.35 × 10−5). Specifically, in plasma, we found that an increase of one standard deviation in IL1R1 and ECM1 was associated with an increased risk of asthma, while an increase in ADAM19 was found to be protective. The corresponding odds ratios were 1.03 (95% CI, 1.02–1.04), 1.00 (95% CI, 1.00–1.01), and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98–0.99), respectively. In the brain, per 10-fold increase in ECM1 (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03–1.08) and PDLIM4 (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04–1.07) increased the risk of asthma. Bayesian co-localization found that ECM1 in the plasma (coloc.abf-PPH4 = 0.965) and in the brain (coloc.abf-PPH4 = 0.931) shared the same mutation with asthma. The target proteins of current asthma medications were found to interact with IL1R1. IL1R1 and PDLIM4 were validated in two replication cohorts. Conclusion Our integrative analysis revealed that asthma risk is causally affected by the levels of IL1R1, ECM1, and PDLIM4. The results suggest that these three proteins have the potential to be used as drug targets for asthma, and further investigation through clinical trials is needed.
Variability in parameter estimation for a tall steel-frame building

The between-event variability in identified shear wave velocities of fitted four-layer beam models in the response of a 54-story steel-frame building during nine earthquakes over a period of 27 years (1992–2019) is investigated. Recorded response and simulated response by its digital twin (linear finite element model with fixed base) were used as input, that is, the real structure and its digital twin were identified. Two surrogate models were fitted, a Timoshenko beam and a shear beam. The waveform inversion of impulse response functions method, developed earlier by the authors, was used to fit the beam models. The coefficients of variation (C.V.) of the between-events variability in the wave velocity estimates of the four layers were analyzed and compared for the different cases of data (real structure versus digital twin), different surrogate models, and different locations on the floor where the motions were observed. The results showed that the variability of the digital twin was affected by the contamination of the response by torsion, which is not accounted for in the beam models, by the degree of geometric regularity of the structure and by how closely the beam model represented the nature of the building deformation (balance of shear and bending deformation). These effects were minor in comparison to the nonlinear effects (recoverable nonlinearity and permanent stiffness degradation), which were not present in the digital twin response. The C.V. for the real structure (about 3%–5%) was comparable for both beam models fitted.
Statin therapy in multimorbid older patients with polypharmacy- a cross-sectional analysis of the Swiss OPERAM trial population

Background Statin therapy in multimorbid older individuals with polypharmacy is controversial, particularly in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Thereby, physicians must weigh potential benefits against potential side effects, drug-drug interactions, and limited life expectancy. Aim To assess the prevalence and determinants of potentially inappropriate statin therapy in multimorbid older patients. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of patients aged ≥70 years with multimorbidity and polypharmacy in the Swiss study center of OPERAM, a cluster-randomized trial on pharmacotherapy optimization to reduce drug-related hospital admissions. We assessed potential underuse (no statin but formal indication) and potential overuse (statin but no formal indication, including predicted >60% one-year mortality based on the Walter Score) based on current guidelines for patients in secondary and primary cardiovascular prevention. We assessed the association of potential statin overuse and underuse with six patient characteristics (age, gender, number of diagnoses, number of medications, mental impairment, being housebound) in LASSO-selection analyses. Results Of 715 multimorbid older adults (79.7 ± 6.5 years, 39.9% women), 337 (47%) were on statin. Statin therapy was appropriate in 474 (66.3%), underused in 130 (18.2%), and overused in 111 (15.5%) patients. In participants in secondary cardiovascular prevention (n = 437), being female (odds ratio [OR] 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67–4.22) was significantly associated with potential underuse while being housebound (OR 3.53, 95%CI 1.32–9.46) and taking ≥10 medications (OR 1.95,95%CI 1.05–3.67) were associated with potential overuse. In participants in primary cardiovascular prevention (n = 278), 28.1% were potentially under- (9%) or overusing (19%) a statin, with no identified risk factor. Conclusion A third of hospitalized multimorbid older patients with polypharmacy potentially (either) overused or underused statin therapy. Among patients in secondary cardiovascular prevention, women were at risk for potential statin underuse. Housebound patients and those taking ≥10 medications were at risk for potential overuse of a statin. Physicians should carefully evaluate the indication for statin prescription in multimorbid older patients with polypharmacy.
Association of viral load and autophagy-related genes polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus pre-core/core mutations in chronic hepatitis B virus Iraqi patients

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a global concern due to its association with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The interplay between viral load, the immune system, and host factors is critical in tumorigenesis. Autophagy is a significant contributor to immune system function, since vitamin D plays an important role in this context. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the association between ATG5 (rs506027 and rs510432) and ATG16L1 (rs2241880 and ATG16 rs2241879) polymorphisms, viral load, and vitamin D with HBV pre-C/C mutations in Iraqi patients with CHB. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 134 CHB patients were evaluated for ATG polymorphisms, viral load, and vitamin D levels. Blood samples were collected after obtaining ethical consent, and the mutations were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing. Serum samples from CHB patients were used for viral load and vitamin D assessment. Results: The evaluation of patients revealed that 67 (44.6%) were male and 83 (55.4%) were female, with a mean age of 36±12.7 years and a mean duration of infection of 5.2±4.8 years. Mutations in pre-C/C were observed in 20% (27/134) of the patients. There was a significant association between all evaluated ATG polymorphisms and pre-C/C mutants (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was an association between viral load and mutations in pre-C/C (P=0.03), while no statistically significant difference was found between vitamin D levels and pre-core/core mutants or viral load. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a higher frequency of ATG5 (rs506027 and rs510432) and ATG16L1 (rs2241880 and ATG16 rs2241879) polymorphisms, as well as a higher viral load in Iraqi CHB patients with HBV pre-C/C mutations.
The Role of Online Review and Buying Orientation to Increase Purchase Intention in Hospitality Industry

This study discusses the antecedents of online review and buying orientation on purchase intention. This study aims to explore the effect of online review and buying orientation towards purchase intention. Data was collected from a survey of 346 consumers, and SmartPLS was used as a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) tool to analyze data. This study developed four hypotheses. The results of this study showed that buying orientation does not have a significant effect on purchase intention, type of review has a significant effect on purchase intention, brand orientation has a greater effect than quality orientation to purchase intention, and perceived informativeness has a greater effect than source credibility to purchase intention. The findings of this study differed from those of previous research. Consumers feel that their shopping orientation has no direct effect on purchase intention. However, the various opinions and information obtained by consumers through e-WOM help them to make purchasing decisions. In Indonesia, consumers are still more concerned with brands than quality. Similarly, information received by consumers is also more important than the credibility of the information source itself.
Sonodynamic therapy as an adjunctive treatment on porphyromonas gingivalis induced periodontitis in rats with diabetes

Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600808, Japan Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China Department of Mathematics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE H5P LABORATORY TO EXERCISE THE CREATION OF DIGITAL CONTENT IN UNIVERSITY TEACHERS

Introduction: the digital content creation competition has fallen to a level between basic and intermediate that seems impossible to move to an advanced level. The purpose of this study was to implement a H5P laboratory to strengthen said competence in UNAH university professors. Methodology: through a quantitative descriptive approach, the level of self-perception that teachers have around two dimensions was identified: creation of digital content and reprocessing and creation of virtual learning objects (OVA). Likewise, the H5P laboratory was built using an ADDIE Model and a Cascade Model in its design phase. Results: were obtained from a sample of 25 teachers in which a basic development level A1 is observed for both dimensions. However, specific skills such as word processing and the use of presentations have an intermediate level. Discussion: on the other hand, it was determined that the ADDIE Model is effective for the process of structuring and organizing content. Likewise, the design under a Waterfall Model turned out to be efficient for small projects due to its simplicity and ease of identifying strengths and
The information theory of developmental pruning: Optimizing global network architectures using local synaptic rules

During development, biological neural networks produce more synapses and neurons than needed. Many of these synapses and neurons are later removed in a process known as neural pruning. Why networks should initially be over-populated, and processes that determine which synapses and neurons are ultimately pruned, remains unclear. We study the mechanisms and significance of neural pruning in model neural network. In a deep Boltzmann machine model of sensory encoding, we find that (1) synaptic pruning is necessary to learn efficient network architectures that retain computationally-relevant connections, (2) pruning by synaptic weight alone does not optimize network size and (3) pruning based on a locally-available proxy for “sloppiness” based on Fisher Information allows the network to identify structurally important vs. unimportant connections and neurons. This locally-available measure of importance has a biological interpretation in terms of the correlations between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, and implies an efficient activity-driven pruning rule. Overall, we show how local activity-dependent synaptic pruning can solve the global problem of optimizing a network architecture. We relate these findings to biology as follows: (I) Synaptic over-production is necessary for activity-dependent connectivity optimization. (II) In networks that have more neurons than needed, cells compete for activity, and only the most important and selective neurons are retained. (III) Cells may also be pruned due to a loss of synapses on their axons. This occurs when the information they convey is not relevant to the target population.
Appendices of ”Enlarging Instance-specific and Class-specific Information for Open-set Action Recognition”

We follow the datasets setting in [1]. The training InD dataset is UCF101, which contains 101 classes with 9537 training samples and 3783 test samples. The OoD datasets for open-set evaluation are HMDB51 and MiT-v2. We use the test sets of them which contain 1530 samples and 30500 samples respectively. For UCF101 and HMDB51, we follow the MMAction [2] to use the split 1 for training and evaluation, which is the same with [1]. Note that in [1], they find some classes in HMDB51 overlap with those in UCF101 but they do not clean them. We remove the overlapping classes in UCF101 and HMDB51 so that OoD data does not contain any samples of InD classes. The classes we remove in HMDB51 and the corresponding same classes in UCF101 are in Table 1.