Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compact atto-joule-per-bit bus-coupled photonic crystal nanobeam switches

The benefits of photonics over electronics in the application of optical transceivers and both classical and quantum computing have been demonstrated over the past decades, especially in the ability to achieve high bandwidth, high interconnectivity, and low latency. Due to the high maturity of silicon photonics foundries, research on photonics devices such as silicon micro ring resonators (MRRs), Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM), and photonic crystal (PC) resonators has attracted plenty of attention. Among these photonic devices, silicon MRRs using carrier depletion effects in p-n junctions represent optical switches manufacturable in the most compact magnitude at high volume with demonstrated switching energies ~5.2fJ/bit. In matrix multiplication demonstrated with integrated photonics, one approach is to couple one bus straight waveguide to several MRRs with different resonant wavelengths to transport signals in different channels, corresponding to a matrix row or column. However, such architectures are potentially limited to ~30 MRRs in series, by the limited free-spectral range (FSR) of an individual MRR. We show that PC switches with sub-micron optical mode confinements can have a FSR <300nm, which can potentially enable energy efficient computing with larger matrices of ~200 resonators by multiplexing. In this paper, we present designs for an oxide-clad bus-coupled PC switch with 1dB insertion loss, 5dB extinction, and ~260aJ/bit switching energy by careful control of the cavity geometry as well as p-n junction doping. We also demonstrate that air-clad bus-coupled PC switches can operate with 1dB insertion loss, 3dB extinction, and ~80aJ/bit switching energy.
Vehicle re-identification and trajectory reconstruction using multiple moving cameras in the CARLA driving simulator

Analyzing vehicle movement trajectories is essential for understanding urban mobility and traffic flow patterns. Obtaining a reliable estimate of vehicle trajectory is challenging as it requires the vehicle to be observed and re-identified at different locations and times. Recently, a scalable citywide traffic flow estimation method has been proposed utilizing moving cameras on vehicle dashboards. This study extends the recently proposed method for traffic flow estimation by using cameras mounted on multiple moving observers to reconstruct the trajectory of detected vehicles. We develop the CARLA ReID dataset, which includes more than 50,000 images taken from 85 cameras for over 700 different vehicle models, and train a re-identification network to identify the same vehicle by multiple observers. Utilizing our proposed methodology, we conduct extensive research to estimate trajectories of vehicles in a driving simulator CARLA and evaluate the accuracy of reconstructed trajectories using Symmetrized Segment-Path Distance (SSPD) and Hausdorff Distance metrics. Our proposed method achieves a mean error of 5.13 meters evaluated using the SSPD metric for ten driving experiments in CARLA. Findings from this study will provide valuable insights for conducting traffic flow research in a simulation environment, which is otherwise challenging and costly in practice.
STATISTICAL PREDICTION OF THE SEQUENCE OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES IN IRAN

The use of different probability distributions as described by the Exponential, Pareto, Lognormal, Rayleigh, and Gama probability functions applied to estimation the time of the next large earthquake (Ms≥6.0) in different seismotectonic provinces of Iran. This prediction is based on the information about past earthquake occurrences in the given region and the basic assumption that future seismic activity will follow the pattern of past activity by maximizing the conditional probability of earthquake occurrence. The estimated recurrence times and the error of estimation for different distributions have been computed for different provinces. Results indicated Exponential model seem to be better than other models in prediction of occurrence time of the next earthquake in different seismotectonic provinces.
The Principle Of Proportionality Of Mass And Energy: New Version

The essence of mass and its relation to the relativistic energy is considered. It is assumed that the rest energy is equal to the total binding energy of the body and can be found through the energies of fundamental fields associated with the substance of the body. Mass as a measure of inertia is calculated by relativistic energy and relativistic momentum. The conclusion is made that after radiation of energy from a system the mass of the system must not decrease, but increase. The opposite case is heating of bodies by external sources, which must be accompanied by an increase in entropy and decrease in the mass of the bodies. On the basis of strong gravitation the mass defect of atomic nuclei is explained. Conclusions of the general theory of relativity and the covariant theory of gravitation with respect to the mass and energy of gravitational field are opposite – in the general theory of relativity, relativistic energy and mass of a body are reduced by the mass-energy of its own gravitational field, and in the covariant theory of gravitation the mass-energy of the gravitational field increases the relativistic energy and body mass.
Event Detection from Social Media Stream: Methods, Datasets and Opportunities

Social media streams contain large and diverse amount of information, ranging from daily-life stories to the latest global and local events and news. Twitter, especially, allows a fast spread of events happening real time, and enables individuals and organizations to stay informed of the events happening now. Event detection from social media data poses different challenges from traditional text and is a research area that has attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, we survey a wide range of event detection methods for Twitter data stream, helping readers understand the recent development in this area. We present the datasets available to the public. Furthermore, a few research opportunities are discussed as potential future research directions.
FIR filter design over a discrete powers-of-two coefficient space

FIR digital filters with discrete coefficient values selected from the powers-of-two coefficient space are designed using the methods of integer programming. The frequency responses obtained are shown to be superior to those obtained by simply rounding the coefficients. Both the weighted minimax and the weighted least square error criteria are considered. Using a weighted least square error criterion, it is shown that it is possible to predict the improvement that can be expected when integer quadratic programming is used instead of simple coefficient rounding.
AGREE: A Compliant-Controlled Upper-Limb Exoskeleton for Physical Rehabilitation of Neurological Patients

In this work, we introduce the AGREE exoskeleton, a robotic device designed to assist in upper-limb physical rehabilitation for post-stroke survivors. We detail the exoskeleton design at the mechatronic, actuation, and control levels. The AGREE exoskeleton features a lightweight and adaptable mechanical design, which can be used with both the right and left arm, supporting three active degrees-of-freedom at the shoulder and one at the elbow. The device embodies a spring-pulley anti-gravity system to minimize torque requirements and has torque sensors on each joint for safe and smooth interaction with the user. The AGREE control system, which employs a loadcell-based impedance control method, offers various modes of human-robot interaction, such as passive-assisted, active-assisted, and active-resistive exercises. Results from our experimental characterization demonstrate that the exoskeleton is capable of both compliant and rigid behavior, providing a wide range of haptic impedance and transparent behavior to both user-generated and therapist-generated forces. Our findings indicate that the AGREE exoskeleton may be a viable option for safely assisting patients with neurological conditions.
Cross-Validation and Non-Parametric K Nearest-Neighbour Estimation

In this paper we consider the problem of estimating a non-parametric regression function using the k nearest-neighbour method. We provide asymptotic theories for the least-squares cross validation (CV) selected smoothing parameter k for both local constant and local linear estimation methods. We also establish the asymptotic normality results for the resulting non-parametric regression function estimators. Some limited Monte Carlo experiments show that the CV method performs well in finite sample applications. Copyright Royal Economic Society 2006
Current Fluctuation Phenomena in Current‐Carrying Sliding Contacts

Considerable noise voltages appear across sliding contacts mainly because of the fact that the current across the contact consists of a random series of short pulses, corresponding to the minute, fugacious conducting spots on the contact surface. The properties of this noise within a wide range of contact conditions (i.e., varying sliding speed and operating current) are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Most of the observed noise characteristics can be explained by various thermic phenomena in the contact interface. Several basic ranges as to operating current and sliding speed may be distinguished, each dominated by a different mechanism.
Representation of the Equatorial Stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in EOF Phase Space

Abstract A 35-year record of monthly mean zonal wind data for the equatorial stratosphere is represented in terms of a vector (radius and phase angle) in a two-dimensional phase space defined by the normalized expansion coefficients of the two leading empirical orthogonal functions (E0Fs) of the vertical structure. The tip of the vector completes one nearly circular loop during each cycle of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Hence, its position and rate of progress along the orbit of the point provide a measure of the instantaneous amplitude and rate of phase progression of the QBO. Although the phase of the QBO bears little if any relation to calendar month, the rate of phase progression is strongly modulated by the first and second harmonics of the annual cycle, with a primary maximum in April/May, in agreement with previous studies based on the descent rates of easterly and westerly regimes. A simple linear prediction model is developed for the rate of phase progression, based on the phase of the Q.
Status distribution and factors affecting the habitat selection by Sambar Deer Rusa unicolor in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India

Sambar Rusa unicolor is one of the deer species distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent. The species has been listed as ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List since 2008, and Schedule I Part A of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Populations have declined throughout its distribution range. This study aims to investigate the status, distribution, and habitat selection of Sambar in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India. Fifteen line transects of 2-km length were laid in five different habitats. Data were collected during the winter and summer seasons during 2013 and 2015. Transects were traversed morning and evening and eight replicates were made on each transect, for a total of 1,232 km survey effort. The overall density of Sambar was 3.7 individuals per km2, and the group density 1.4 groups per km2. During the summer 113 individual Sambar were observed, and in winter only 80 individuals were observed. Male:female sex ratio was calculated as 100:59 in winter, and 100:56 in summer. Indirect evidence was also collected to supplement the direct sightings for analysis of habitat use. Ten-meter circular plots were laid on all 15 transects at an interval of 200 m between two plots. Principal component analysis and logistic regression were performed to understand the habitat use of this species during summer, post-monsoon, and winter seasons using pellet groups. The logistic regression model showed an efficiency of 97% correct classification during post-monsoon, 67% in winter, and 66% in summer.
Posner and herstein theorems for derivations of 3-prime near-rings

The analog of Posner's theorem on the composition of two derivations in prime rings is proved for 3-prime near-rings. It is shown that if d is a nonzero derivation of a 2-torsionfree 3-prime near-ring N and an element a ∊ N is such that axd = xda for all x ∊ N, then a is a central element. As a consequence it is shown that if d\ and d2 are nonzero derivations of a 2-torsionfree 3-prime near-ring N and xd1yd2 = yd2xd1 for all x, y ∊ N, then N is a commutative ring. Thus two theorems of Herstein are generalized
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia Indicated for Intravenous Iron Treatment in the Korean Population

We aimed to investigate the number and prevalence of patients indicated for intravenous iron treatment in a large Korean population using criteria based on laboratory test results in an effort to extract indirect information on the need for intravenous iron treatment. Between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2021, a total of 83,994 Korean patients (30,499 men and 53,495 women) with a median age of 46 years (interquartile range, 30–61) were evaluated using iron deficiency anemia–associated laboratory tests and serum creatinine tests of estimated glomerular filtration rates. The overall prevalence of anemia (Hb ≤ 11 g/dL) was 16.5%, and the proportion of patients with possible chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was 11.4%. The number of patients indicated for reimbursable intravenous iron treatment was higher in women than in men, higher in older patients, and higher in 2021 than in 2019 (all p < 0.001). The prevalence of patients indicated for reimbursable intravenous iron treatment was up to 30.0% in those ≥ 80 years of age in 2019. The results of this study provide basic knowledge about the use of iron deficiency anemia-associated laboratory tests in planning nutritional support programs using an intravenous iron formulation in Korea.
Changes in the orbital periods of close binary stars

A number of close binary stars show erratic changes in their orbital periods on time scales of order 5-10 yr. Recently it has been proposed that the period changes are the result of changes in the quadrupole moment of one star, caused in turn by an alteration of the internal structure of that star. Magnetic pressure, which either distorts the shape of the star or changes its tidally induced quadrupole moment, is suggested as the driving force behind the alteration. Here, the amount of energy required to distort one component of a binary and match the observed period changes is estimated. The rate at which energy is produced or lost is governed by the thermal time scale of the star, and the estimates indicate that the observed period changes would take at least 1000 yr for the tidal quadrupole mechanism, and of order 60 yr to match a period change in V471 Tau which took only 4 yr. 16 refs.
Minimax Admissible Estimation of a Multivariate Normal Mean and Improvement upon the James-Stein Estimator

報告番号: 乙14854 ; 学位授与年月日: 2000-12-06 ; 学位の種別: 論文博士 ; 学位の種類: 博士(経済学) ; 学位記番号: 第14854号 ; 研究科・専攻: 経済学研究科
Texture Analysis in Uterine Cervix Carcinoma: Primary Tumour and Lymph Node Assessment

The conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation and staging of cervical cancer encounters several pitfalls, partially due to subjective evaluations of medical images. Fifty-six patients with histologically proven cervical malignancies (squamous cell carcinomas, n = 42; adenocarcinomas, n = 14) who underwent pre-treatment MRI examinations were retrospectively included. The lymph node status (non-metastatic lymph nodes, n = 39; metastatic lymph nodes, n = 17) was assessed using pathological and imaging findings. The texture analysis of primary tumours and lymph nodes was performed on T2-weighted images. Texture parameters with the highest ability to discriminate between the two histological types of primary tumours and metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes were selected based on Fisher coefficients (cut-off value > 3). The parameters’ discriminative ability was tested using an k nearest neighbour (KNN) classifier, and by comparing their absolute values through an univariate and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: The KNN classified metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes with 93.75% accuracy. Ten entropy variations were able to identify metastatic lymph nodes (sensitivity: 79.17–88%; specificity: 93.48–97.83%). No parameters exceeded the cut-off value when differentiating between histopathological entities. In conclusion, texture analysis can offer a superior non-invasive characterization of lymph node status, which can improve the staging accuracy of cervical cancers.
13th General Conference of the Condensed Matter Division of the European Physical Society

The 13th General Conference of the Condensed Matter Division of the European Physical Society was held in conjunction with the Fruhjahrstagung des Arbeitskreises Festkorperphysik der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft from March 29 till April 2, 1993, in Regensburg. The programme comprised 3,134 contributions : 8 Plenary Talks, 171 Invited Talks, 1,480 Contributed Talks, 1,441 Poster Presentations, 1 Public Evening Talk and 33 Exhibitors Reports. The abstracts have been published as Europhysics Conference Abstracts, Volume 17A/Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 5/1993. The table (see PDF file) shows the distribution of the Plenary and Invited Speakers as well as of the participants according to countries within and outside of Europe. The conference was the largest meeting of physicists held in Germany to date. It was a manifestation of the enormous scientific activity in both basic and applied research in the fields of Condensed Matter Physics in Europe. Most of the research work, which was presented at the conference, was done by young physicists. They represent a large human capital in Europe. Most of the senior physicists and many of our young colleagues maintain scientific cooperations, and also personal friendships, which are and which have been almost independent of national barriers over the past three decades. The latter is to a large extent due to the European Physical Society which always cultivated these contacts, especially between the eastern and western parts of Europe. We would like to express our sincere thanks to the members of the Programme Committee. By their intensive work, which was free from national interests, a scientific programme was prepared, which covered the entire field of Condensed Matter Physics. About 70% of the Plenary and Invited Speakers came from 20 different foreign countries and about 30% from Germany. The meeting therefore has been a truly European Conference. For the young physicists, the number of which traditionally has been very large, the conference was an excellent opportunity to discuss their own research work and to get an impression of the broad research field in Condensed Matter Physics on an international level and also to cultivate scientific and personal friendships. We also would like to thank the city of Regensburg with their major, Mrs Maier, and the University of Regensburg with its Rektor, Professor Altner, for their overwhelming hospitality, Mr Ernst and his about 60 coworkers for their excellent local organization and Dr. Heinicke and his staff for the production of the abstract book. Finally we would like to thank the members of the Editorial Office of Physica Scripta for the smooth cooperation in the production of these proceedings, which comprise the papers of about 70% of the Plenary and Invited Speakers.
A Squall Line in Southern Germany: Kinematics and Precipitation Formation as Deduced by Advanced Polarimetric and Doppler Radar Measurements

Abstract A multiscale analysis of a squall line system is reported in this paper. It is shown that the squall line was initiated as part of a synoptic-scale frontal zone. The main emphasis then is on the polarimetric and Doppler radar measurements which give insight into the meso- and microscale structure of the kinematics and the precipitation microphysics especially within the new cells growing ahead of the squall line, and within the main precipitation system. The principal polarimetric measurements considered are the differential reflectivity (ZDR) and a related new derived parameter termed the difference reflectivity or ZDP which is useful in detection of rain-ice mixed phase precipitation. A limited amount of time series data have been analyzed to derive the specific differential phase (KDP) and the backscatter differential phase (δ) between horizontal and vertical polarizations. A brief overview of the microphysical interpretation of these parameters is provided. The newly grown clouds are identifi.
Influence of crystal orientation and ion bombardment on the nitrogen diffusivity in single-crystalline austenitic stainless steel

The nitrogen diffusivity in single-crystalline AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) during ion nitriding has been investigated at different crystal orientations ((001), (110), (111)) under variations of ion flux (0.3–0.7 mA cm−2), ion energy (0.5–1.2 keV), and temperature (370–430 °C). The nitrogen depth profiles obtained from nuclear reaction analysis are in excellent agreement with fits using the model of diffusion under the influence of traps, from which diffusion coefficients were extracted. At fixed ion energy and flux, the diffusivity varies by a factor up to 2.5 at different crystal orientations. At (100) orientation, it increases linearly with increasing ion flux or energy. The findings are discussed on the basis of atomistic mechanisms of interstitial diffusion, potential lattice distortions, local decomposition, and ion-induced lattice vibrational excitations.
A Critical Study of Gender Equality in Women in the Coastal Area (Case Study of Women Salt Farmers in Brebes Regency)

Gender inequality is vulnerable in poor communities, including coastal areas. Women should not experience discrimination, domination, and exploitation in their jobs and making decisions. This study aims to determine gender equality in women salt farmers in Brebes Regency. This empirical research conceptualized law as behavior, using primary and secondary data, and analyzed using an interactive model. The results of this study indicate that women have a significant role in making boiled salt to contribute to supporting the family economy. In addition, women are also empowered in terms of access to resources. However, women have not been empowered regarding participation and control in decision-making. Participation has not been fulfilled because women have been involved in decision-making but are still subordinate. This causes women not to have control over decision-making because their husbands dominate them. To solve the problem, it is recommended that the Brebes Regency government take steps and policies that are gender-responsive for women salt farmers.
Study on Hydrodynamic Torque of a Butterfly Valve

Since knowledge on hydrodynamic torque of a butterfly valve is very important for butterfly valve design, its hydrodynamic torque is investigated theoretically. For this, a recently developed two-dimensional butterfly valve model is solved through the free-streamline theory with a newly devised iterative scheme and the resulting two-and three-dimensional torque coefficients are compared with previous theoretical results based on the conventional butterfly valve model and experiments. Comparison shows that the improvement due to the new butterfly valve model is marginal. That is, the three-dimensional torque coefficient is well represented by the new model. Otherwise, the two-dimensional torque coefficient is well predicted by the conventional model. In spite this fact, the present results can be used in further researches on butterfly valves because the improved butterfly valve model is mathematically correct and reflects physical reality more correctly than the conventional valve model.