Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ventilation of an underground crushing plant

Abstract The use of compressive crushing plant such as gyratory crushers within minerals processing operations can generate large quantities of dust as large volumes of ore are tipped into the crusher feed bins. Methods to reduce these dust emissions include the retrofitting of shrouds, enclosures, local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems and water suppression systems. The operation of these ancillary systems should be optimised to offer maximum performance. It is desirable that the future planning of such facilities include sufficient dust suppression and/or removal systems to ensure that material delivery rates are maintained and the welfare of the workforce is protected. This paper presents the results of an investigation of the tipping process through the application of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods and validation using data obtained from scale experiment. A 3-D computational model has been constructed using the Fluent™ modelling software to represent the ventilation regimen within an underground crushing installation. The falling ore has been represented as a granular fluid continuum falling under gravity from the bed of the dump truck. Transient streamlines are used to represent the dispersion of dust due to the updraft airflow generated by the tipping process. A parametric analysis has been performed on a model of the tipping process to investigate the influence on dust dispersion of; the orientation of the dump truck, the surrounding ventilation characteristics and the material tipping rate and volume. The CFD models predict a strong shear-induced flow in the region of the crusher during tipping and a high sensitivity to the surrounding ventilation regimen. These results indicate the need for further experimental studies to characterise the entrainment and transport of dust-laden air into the induced shear flow. An experimental rig has been designed and evaluated for the purposes of conducting validation studies and gaining further insight into this phenomenon. Results of these investigations are presented.
Gasificación con aire en lecho fluidizado de los residuos sólidos del proceso industrial de la naranja Air gasification in fluidized bed of solid residue the orange industrial process

The orange industrial process generates high volumes of solid residue. This residue has been used as complement in the animal feeding and biochemical processes; but it has not taken advantage through of the gasification process. The objective of the work was to determine the energy contribution by means of the gasification process, were carried out studies of the orange solid residue, using air in reactor of bubbling fluidized bed (varying the gasification temperature, air ratio and bed height). In the process a design of complete factorial experiment 2 k , was used, valuing the influence of the independent variables and its interactions in the answers, using a confidence level of 95 %. Were obtained the parameters to make the process of gasification of the orange solid residue, obtaining a gas of lower heating value, next to the 5046 kJ/m 3 N, demonstrating their qualities for their energy use.
Mismatch repair system deficiency is associated with chemoradiotherapy resistance in locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma patients

Previous studies have concluded that colorectal cancer patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) usually have a good prognosis. However, some studies have suggested that the prognosis of rectal cancer patients with dMMR appears to be worse. Our aim was to investigate chemoradiotherapy resistance in dMMR rectal tumors.
Analysis of the impact of the processing time-delay on the stability of a digital GMI magnetometer

This paper discusses the impact of the time delay, due to the digital processing, on the stability of the closed-loop of a digital GMI magnetometer. In such a magnetometer, almost all the main functions involved in the electronic conditioning are realized digitally. These include an analog-to-digital conversion and a digital amplitude demodulation based on a Digital Down Conversion (DDC). The transfer function of each stage of the sensor is modeled in order to discuss the stability of the magnetometer according to the time delay of the digital processing. Results showed that with a careful adjustment of a set of parameters associated with the digital demodulation, the stability of closed-loop of the digital magnetometer could be theoretically obtained. The modeling results open doors to the experimentation of such magnetometer for a palette of potential applications.
Learning of Continuous and Piecewise-Linear Functions With Hessian Total-Variation Regularization

We develop a novel 2D functional learning framework that employs a sparsity-promoting regularization based on second-order derivatives. Motivated by the nature of the regularizer, we restrict the search space to the span of piecewise-linear box splines shifted on a 2D lattice. Our formulation of the infinite-dimensional problem on this search space allows us to recast it exactly as a finite-dimensional one that can be solved using standard methods in convex optimization. Since our search space is composed of continuous and piecewise-linear functions, our work presents itself as an alternative to training networks that deploy rectified linear units, which also construct models in this family. The advantages of our method are fourfold: the ability to enforce sparsity, favoring models with fewer piecewise-linear regions; the use of a rotation, scale and translation-invariant regularization; a single hyperparameter that controls the complexity of the model; and a clear model interpretability that provides a straightforward relation between the parameters and the overall learned function. We validate our framework in various experimental setups and compare it with neural networks.
Analysis and implementation of a tubular motor with Halbach magnet array

In the machine tool industry, direct-drive linear motor technology is of increasing interest as a means to achieve high acceleration, and to increase reliability. This paper discusses the analysis, design and operating characteristics of a novel ironless tubular linear motor that incorporates a magnet array with a magnetization pattern inspired by the Halbash array used in synchrotron light sources. The advantages of such a motor are that it is free of cogging, has efficient cooling, and has low inductance. The authors derive magnetic field solutions, force relations and commutation laws for the motor. Test results such as thrust measurements and step response are also given to confirm the analysis.
Differential Associations between Strategies of Emotion Regulation and Facets of Grit in College Students and Adults

Abstract According to socioemotional selectivity theory, motivation influences emotion regulation. Grit is a motivation orientation defined by the passionate pursuit of long-term goals. We conducted two studies to determine the relation between facets of grit and two emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. In Study 1, we examined the relation between these variables in college students (20–24 year olds), and Study 2 focused on community adults (25–72 year olds). Facets of grit were assessed using the Short Grit Scale and habitual use of emotion regulation strategies was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. We combined data from both studies and conducted regression analyses to examine the role of each facet of grit, participant’s age, and the interaction between age and facets of grit in the habitual use of either reappraisal or suppression as strategies to regulate emotions. The regression analyses revealed that both facets of grit were positively associated with reappraisal regardless of age. However, the facets of grit differed in their associations with expressive suppression. Grit-Consistency was negatively associated with expressive suppression, regardless of age. But, a significant interaction effect with participant’s age emerged for Grit-Perseverance. Specifically, Grit-Perseverance was positively associated with expressive suppression only in individuals below the age of 31. Overall, the data suggest that the relations between facets of grit and habitual use of emotion regulation strategy may vary with age. Additionally, our work indicates adults with high levels of grit may experience healthy emotional functioning, particularly later in adulthood.
Section Discretization of Fiber Beam-Column Elements for Cyclic Inelastic Response

AbstractThe paper presents studies of the effect of the number of material integration points at the monitored sections of fiber beam-column elements on the local response of typical structural cross sections under an extensive set of cyclic biaxial load conditions with constant and variable axial load. The study covers wide-flange steel sections and rectangular reinforced concrete sections. The integration over the section uses the midpoint rule and shows that a standard section discretization with relatively few fibers is a good compromise between accuracy and economy of means. The proposed coarse section discretization schemes are computationally efficient while ensuring the accurate representation of important aspects of the three-dimensional response of structural members, such as interaction of axial force with biaxial bending moment, effect of residual stress in steel members, and effect of cracking in reinforced concrete members. The local strain response is also represented with good accuracy by .
Graphical analysis to determine the stability and adaptability of yield characteristics of dwarf cashew trees

The cashew culture provides jobs and boosts the economy of the Northeast region and is therefore of great socioeconomic importance. In genetic improvement programs, the existence of an interaction between genotypes and environments has been observed, making studies of adaptability and stability essential for effective selection. Thus, the objective was to study the performance of early dwarf cashew clones using the GGE Biplot in three agricultural years (2016–2018). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 25 treatments (clones) and three replications. The plot consisted of four plants spaced 8 × 8 m apart. The variables evaluated were nut yield throughout the harvest (PRC), average nut weight (PMC), and percentage of nuts pierced (PCF). The clones most characterized as ideotypes were T25, T14, T7, T8, T2, T10, T15, and T22 for PRC; T12, T1, and T16 for PMC; and T5, T24, T21, and T8 for PCF, with coincidence for T8 in PC and PCF. Clones with values above the general average, with emphasis on stability, were T14 and T2 for PRC; T12, T1, T16, T8, and T22 for PMC; and T5 and T22 for PCF. The years with test characteristics, that is, those with average environmental factors for all years, were 2016 for PRC and 2018 for PCF, with no test year for PMC; the every years were more discriminating to PCF, with the exception of 2016 for PRC.
New and Old Forms of Prejudices Among Teachers: An Explorative Study

Abstract This research aims to investigate, in a group of teachers, the link between ethnic prejudice and homophobic attitudes toward issues concerning the use of media tools that support gay and lesbian people. To achieve this purpose, teachers (155 women and 32 males) were given self-report questionnaires: the latent and manifest prejudice scale, and a scale created specifically to assess the various forms of feelings and attitudes toward topics concern lesbian and gay people. The path model suggests how latent prejudice is strictly connected to negative morality and anger toward LG topics, as well as negatively connected to positive attitudes about the exposure of boys and girls to LG topics. The manifest prejudice, however, is negatively connected only to the positive attitudes about the exposure of children to LG topics.
Recent Advances in Urea–Formaldehyde Resins: Converting Crystalline Thermosetting Polymers Back to Amorphous Ones

Abstract Since their first synthesis in 1884, thermosetting and amorphous urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins have mainly been used as wood adhesives yet are known to be responsible for the release of formaldehyde, which contaminates indoor air and causes sick building syndrome. An easy and efficient way of reducing formaldehyde emissions is to synthesize UF resins with a low formaldehyde-to-urea (F/U) molar ratio (∼1.0). However, low molar ratio UF resins become crystalline polymers, as they form hydrogen bonds between linear molecules in the cured state, which inhibits the formation of a proper cross-linked structure and results in poor adhesion strength. Herein, recent advances in converting crystalline UF resins back to amorphous polymers through the blocking of hydrogen bonds are described, which consequently increases their cohesion, leading to a simultaneous improvement in their adhesion properties and formaldehyde emissions. Graphical Abstract
Physical, mechanical, and electrical properties of rice starch-based films plasticised by ionic liquid

ABSTRACT A biodegradable film was developed using an ionic liquid as a plasticiser, and rice starch having medium amylose content. The physical, mechanical and electrical properties of the developed films were determined and analysed employing the principles of chemometrics. The water vapour transmission and elongation of the films increased with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) concentration. The highest melting temperature was 133.4°C when the concentration of BMIMCl was 4% (w/w). The crystallinity and extent of modification were characterised by XRD and FTIR. The highest conduction of film was 0.29 S/m while the lowest resistance observed was 3.42 Ωm. The chemometric analysis of parameters of the film was carried out in terms of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). This study demonstrated the possibility of using rice starch with BMIMCl as the plasticiser to design an electroconductive film having the desired heating characteristics. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Differing Associations between Optic Nerve Head Strains and Visual Field Loss in Normal- and High-Tension Glaucoma Subjects

Purpose To study the associations between optic nerve head (ONH) strains under intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation with retinal sensitivity in glaucoma subjects. Design Clinic based cross-sectional study. Participants 229 subjects with primary open angle glaucoma (subdivided into 115 high tension glaucoma (HTG) subjects and 114 normal tension glaucoma (NTG) subjects). Methods For one eye of each subject, we imaged the ONH using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) under the following conditions: (1) primary gaze and (2) primary gaze with acute IOP elevation (to approximately 33 mmHg) achieved through ophthalmodynamometry. A 3-dimensional (3D) strain-mapping algorithm was applied to quantify IOP-induced ONH tissue strain (i.e. deformation) in each ONH. Strains in the pre-lamina tissue (PLT)and the retina, the choroid, the sclera and the lamina cribrosa (LC) were associated (using linear regression) with measures of retinal sensitivity from the 24-2 Humphrey visual field test (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA). This was done globally, then locally according to the regionalization scheme of Garway-Heath et al. Main Outcome Measures Associations between ONH strains and values of retinal sensitivity from visual field testing. Results For HTG subjects, we found that (1) there were significant negative linear associations between ONH strains and retinal sensitivity (p<0.001) (on average, a 1% increase in ONH strains corresponded to a decrease in retinal sensitivity of 1.1 dB), (2) high strain regions co-localized with anatomically-mapped regions of high visual field loss, (3) the strongest negative associations were observed in the superior region and in the PLT. In contrast, for NTG subjects, no significant associations between strains and retinal sensitivity were observed except in the supero-temporal region of the LC. Conclusion We found significant negative associations between IOP-induced ONH strains and retinal sensitivity in a relatively large glaucoma cohort. Specifically, HTG subjects who experienced higher ONH strains were more likely to exhibit lower retinal sensitivities. Interestingly, this trend was in general less pronounced in NTG subjects, which could suggest a distinct pathophysiology between the two glaucoma subtypes.
AtF-box gene expression fine-tunes Arabidopsis thaliana root development

Root growth is under constant dynamic regulation for optimal response to developmental and environmental stimuli. At the posttranslational level, protein abundance is controlled by proteasomal degradation of targeted proteins. The substrate-specificity of this process is exerted by F-box proteins taking part in the SCFs (SKP1-CULLIN-F-box protein ligase) E3 ubiquitin protein ligases. In this work an Arabidopsis thaliana AtF-box, which regulates leucine homeostasis, was analyzed in the context of root development. Publicly available data sets and reporter lines revealed AtF-box expression in the primary and lateral roots. Aberrant stem cell divisions were detected in the distal stem cells (DSC) of the AtF-box knockdown lines (AtF-boxamiRNA), suggesting that AtF-box is required for the optimal cell division. Microscopic observations revealed the premature exit from cell proliferation and slower cell division activity. Conversely, in AtF-box overexpression (AtFboxOE) lines the cell division phase was prolonged. The root growth rate was respectively reduced and enhanced in the AtF-boxamiRNA and AtF-boxOE lines compared to the control. From the results of these studies, we concluded that the AtF-box gene is important for the fine-tuning of root growth.
Single loop resonator: dual-band magnetic metamaterial structure

A novel sub-wavelength metamaterial structure, called a single loop resonator, is presented, providing two separate magnetic resonance frequencies in addition to an electric resonance in the microwave region. Transmission and reflection characteristics of the proposed topology are simulated using both Ansoft HFSS software and CST Microwave Studio software for the verification of numerical results. Effective medium parameters of this metamaterial structure are also extracted to demonstrate the presence of two separate frequency bands with negative effective permeability.
Vertical axis wind turbine induced velocity vector theory

Abstract Double multiple stream tube (DMST) models of the vertical axis wind turbine (Vawt) take its interference as unidirectional flow against the wind. However, in the standard blade-element momentum (BEM) theory of the horizontal axis wind turbine (Hawt), the interference velocity is proportional to the lift vector normal to the apparent wind. A high design tip speed ratio brings the apparent wind to tangential, making the BEM interference flow radial across the Vawt blades. The lateral drift induced by the Vawt-bound vorticity and the mean reaction velocity to the torque are not upwind at all. A new vector BEM formulation includes such crosswind Vawt interference. For the two Vawt passes through the wind, it predicts a lower and narrower operating peak of tangent and ‘passive pitch’ Vawts than the DMST or Hawts. However, it gives the pitch cam shape for broadening the operating peak and for benignly avoiding high downwind drag and reverse wake flow. The Prandtl tip correction is included and compared to isolated wing aspect ratio factors.
Embedded Self-Sensing Piezoelectric for Damage Detection

A method for damage detection based on self-sensing piezoelectrics is presented. When a piezoelectric actuator is electronically excited, it causes stress in the structure to which it is attached. As the structure deformation is influenced by the presence of damage, so will be the response of the sensor. The goal of the method is to use the same piezoelectric element as both actuator and sensor, by analyzing the electromechanical response of the system in the frequency domain. In this way, damaged and undamaged structures can be distinguished and the extent of damage estimated. The distinction between the excitation and the response signals is achieved by an electronic bridge circuit. A comparison between this self-sensing method and the more common cross-talk method is performed, showing the similarity of the two methods and the validity of our technique. A method to differentiate among the spectrum changes due to actual damage and those due to temperature shifts is also presented. As the temperature rises, the PZT characteristics change and the resonance frequencies of the spectrum shift. However, the acquired signal can be processed to compensate for the temperature changes.
Influences of social capital on knowledge creation: An exploration in the UK built environment sector

The UK built environment sector faces a number of important challenges such as reducing carbon emissions and cost. New knowledge should be created to develop new practices, competences and capabilities to overcome these challenges. Studies that characterise knowledge creation as a transformation process through the networks of social relationships and intra-organisational teams are needed to understand, and thus improve such processes in project environments. Structural, relational and cognitive dimensions of Social Capital (SC) influence the utilisation of knowledge creation opportunities inherent in project networks. Hence, SC provides the essential infrastructure for knowledge creation. A fresh approach to operationalising the concept of SC through social network analysis and content analysis is thus required. This paper develops and explores the conceptual relationships between knowledge creation and SC in the context of two live building projects. There are two main conclusions. First, structural network indices are indicators of knowledge creation opportunities but they should be considered in conjunction with the relational and cognitive dimensions to determine whether and how opportunities are being utilised. Second, project communication strategies should be designed to enable actors in structurally advantageous positions for knowledge creation to utilise these opportunities.
Prefrontal top-down projections control context-dependent strategy selection

The rules governing behavior often vary with behavioral contexts. As a consequence, an action rewarded in one context may be discouraged in another. Animals and humans are capable of switching between behavioral strategies under different contexts and acting adaptively according to the variable rules, a flexibility that is thought to be mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC)1–4. However, how the PFC orchestrates context-dependent switch of strategies remains unclear. Here we show that pathway-specific projection neurons in the medial PFC (mPFC) differentially contribute to context-instructed strategy selection. In a decision-making task in which mice have been trained to flexibly switch between a previously established rule and a newly learned rule in a context-dependent manner, the activity of mPFC neurons projecting to the dorsomedial striatum encodes the contexts, and further represents decision strategies conforming to the old and new rules. Moreover, the activity of these neuron is required for context-instructed strategy selection. In contrast, the activity of mPFC neurons projecting to the ventral midline thalamus does not discriminate between the contexts, and represents the old rule even if mice have adopted the new one; furthermore, these neurons act to prevent the strategy switch under the new rule. Our results suggest that the mPFC→striatum pathway promotes flexible strategy selection guided by contexts, whereas the mPFC→thalamus pathway favors fixed strategy selection by preserving old rules. Balanced activity between the two pathways may be critical for adaptive behaviors.