Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral energy distribution modelling of southern candidate massive protostars using the Bayesian inference method

Concatenating data from the millimetre regime to the infrared, we have performed spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling for 227 of the 405 millimetre continuum sources of Hill et al. which are thought to contain young massive stars in the earliest stages of their formation. Three main parameters are extracted from the fits: temperature, mass and luminosity. The method employed was the Bayesian inference, which allows a statistically probable range of suitable values for each parameter to be drawn for each individual protostellar candidate. This is the first application of this method to massive star formation. The cumulative distribution plots of the SED modelled parameters in this work indicate that collectively, the sources without methanol maser and/or radio continuum associations (MM-only cores) display similar characteristics to those of high-mass star formation regions. Attributing significance to the marginal distinctions between the MM-only cores and the high-mass star formation sample, we draw hypotheses regarding the nature of the MM-only cores, including the possibility that the population itself comprises different types of source, and discuss their role in the formation scenarios of massive star formation. In addition, we discuss the usefulness and limitations of SED modelling and its application to the field. From this work, it is clear that within the valid parameter ranges, SEDs utilising current far-infrared data cannot be used to determine the evolution of massive protostars or massive young stellar objects.
Deep XMM-Newton observation of the η Chamaleontis cluster

Context. The members of the η Chamaleontis cluster are in an evolutionary stage in which disks are rapidly evolving. It also exhibits some peculiarities, such as the large fraction of binaries and accretion disks, probably related to the cluster formation process. Its proximity makes this stellar group an ideal target for studying the relation between X-ray emission and those stellar parameters. Aims. Our main objective is to determine the general X-ray properties of the cluster members in terms of coronal temperature, column density, emission measure, X-ray luminosity, and variability. We also aim to establish the relation between the X-ray luminosity of these stars and other stellar parameters, such as effective temperature, binarity, and the presence of accretion disks. Finally, a study of flare energies in each flare event detected during the observations and their relation with some stellar parameters is also performed. Methods. We used proprietary data from a deep XMM-Newton EPIC observation targeting the core of the η Chamaleontis cluster. Specific software for the reduction of XMM-Newton data was used to analyze our observation. To detect sources in the composed EPIC pn+mos image, we used the wavelet-based code PWDetect. General coronal properties were derived from plasma model fitting. X-ray light curves in the 0.3−8.0 keV energy range were generated for each star. Results. We determine both the coronal properties and variability of the η Chamaleontis members in the XMM-Newton EPIC field-ofview. A total of six flare-like events are clearly detected in five different stars. For them, we derived coronal properties during the flare events and pseudo-quiescent state separately. In our observations, stars that experienced a flare event have higher X-ray luminosities in the pseudo-quiescent state than cluster members of similar spectral type that exhibit no evidence of flaring independently of whether they have an accretion disk or not. Observed flare energies are typical of both pre-main- and main-sequence M stars. We detected no difference between flare energies of stars with and without an accretion disk.
Cosmic Rays VI Starburst Galaxies at multiwavelengths

Context. Starburst galaxies show a direct correlation between radio and far-infrared emission. High target densities and a high rate of supernova explosions imply the possibility of accelerating hadronic cosmic rays and producing decay products from hadronic interactions, like high-energy neutrinos and photons. Aims. We propose an explanation for the far-infrared/radio correlation of galaxies in terms of the energy balance of the interstellar medium and determine the flux from high-energy photons and ne utrinos from starburst galaxies. Methods. We present a catalog of the 127 brightest starburst galaxies with redshifts of z< 0.03. In order to investigate the correlation between radio- and far-infrared emission, we apply the leaky box approximation. Further, we derive photon- and neutrino spectra from proton-proton interactions in supernova remnants (SNRs). Here, we assume that a fraction of the SNR’s energy is tra nsferred to the acceleration of cosmic rays. We also investigate the possibility of detecting Gamma Ray Bursts from nearby starburst galaxies, using the catalog defined here. Results. We show that the radio emission is only weakly dependent on the magnetic field. It turns out that the intensity of the radio signal is directly proportional to the number of supernova explosions, which scales with the far-infrared luminosity. In addition, we find that high-energy photons from proton-proton interac tions in SNRs in starbursts can make up several percent of the diffuse gamma-ray background. The neutrino flux from the same source s has a maximum energy of∼ 10 5 GeV. Neutrinos can, on the other hand, can be observed if a Gamma Ray Burst happens in a nearby starburst. About 0.03 GRBs per year are expected to occur in the entire catalog. The true number is expected to be even higher, since we only include the brightest sources. The number of events per burst in IceCube varies between about one event and more than 1000 events. This provides good prospects for IceCube to detect a significant event, since the background for a GRB search is cl ose to zero.
Autoimmune disorders associated with common variable immunodeficiency: prediction, diagnosis, and treatment

ABSTRACT Introduction Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency. Due to the wide spectrum of the CVID manifestations, the differential diagnosis becomes complicated, ends in a diagnostic delay and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Autoimmunity is one of the important complications associated with CVID. While immunoglobulin replacement therapy has considerably decreased the mortality rate in CVID patients, mainly infection-related mortality, other complications such as autoimmunity appeared prevalent and, in some cases, life threatening. Areas covered In this article, genetics, responsible immune defects, autoimmune manifestations in different organs, and the diagnosis and treatment processes in CVID patients are reviewed, after searching the literature about these topics. Expert opinion Considering the many phenotypes of CVID and the fact that it remained undiagnosed until older ages, it is important to include various manifestations of CVID in the differential diagnosis. Due to the different manifestations of CVID, including autoimmune diseases, interdisciplinary collaboration of physicians from different fields is highly recommended, as discussed in the manuscript. Meanwhile, it is important to determine which patients could benefit from genetic diagnostic studies since such studies are not necessary for establishing the diagnosis of CVID.
Effects of contact with a dog on prefrontal brain activity: A controlled trial

Background There is a broad range of known effects of animal contact on human mental and physical health. Neurological correlates of human interaction with animals have been sparsely investigated. We investigated changes in frontal brain activity in the presence of and during contact with a dog. Methods Twenty-one healthy individuals each participated in six sessions. In three sessions, participants had contact with a dog, and in three control sessions they interacted with a plush animal. Each session had five two-minute phases with increasing intensity of contact to the dog or plush animal from the first to the fourth phase. We measured oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation of the blood in the frontal lobe/frontopolar area with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SenSmart Model X-100) to assess brain activity. Findings In both conditions, the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin increased significantly from the first to the fourth phase by 2.78 μmol/l (CI = 2.03–3.53, p < .001). Oxygenated hemoglobin concentration was 0.80 μmol/l higher in the dog condition compared to in the control condition (CI = 0.27–1.33, p = .004). Deoxygenated-hemoglobin concentration, total hemoglobin concentration, and oxygen saturation showed similar patterns. Conclusion Prefrontal brain activation in healthy subjects increased with the rise in interaction closeness with a dog or a plush animal. Moreover, interaction with a dog stimulated more brain activity compared to the control condition, suggesting that interactions with a dog can activate stronger attentional processes and elicit more emotional arousal than interacting with a nonliving stimulus.
Activity and Expression of Carboxylesterases and Arylacetamide Deacetylase in Human Ocular Tissues

As a multitissue organ, the eye possesses unique anatomy and physiology, including differential expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Several hydrolytic enzymes that play a major role in drug metabolism and bioactivation of prodrugs have been detected in ocular tissues, but data on their quantitative expression is scarce. Also, many ophthalmic drugs are prone to hydrolysis. Metabolic characterization of individual ocular tissues is useful for the drug development process, and therefore, seven individual ocular tissues from human eyes were analyzed for the activity and expression of carboxylesterases (CESs) and arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC). Generic and selective human esterase substrates 4-nitrophenyl acetate (most esterases), D-luciferin methyl ester (CES1), fluorescein diacetate and procaine (CES2), and phenacetin (AADAC) were applied to determine the enzymes’ specific activities. Enzyme kinetics and inhibition studies were performed with isoform-selective inhibitors digitonin (CES1) and verapamil and diltiazem (CES2). Enzyme contents were determined using quantitative targeted proteomics, and CES2 expression was confirmed by western blotting. The expression and activity of human CES1 among ocular tissues varied by >10-fold, with the highest levels found in the retina and iris-ciliary body. In contrast, human CES2 expression appeared lower and more similar between tissues, whereas AADAC could not be detected. Inhibition studies showed that hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate is also catalyzed by enzymes other than CES2. This study provides, for the first time, quantitative information on the tissue-dependent expression of human ocular esterases, which can be useful for the development of ocular drugs, prodrugs, and in pharmacokinetic modeling of the eye. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Novel and comprehensive data on the protein expression and activities of carboxylesterases from individual human eye tissues are generated. In combination with previous reports on preclinical species, this study will improve the understanding of interspecies differences in ocular drug metabolism and aid the development of ocular pharmacokinetics models.
Quantum critical points of helical Fermi liquids

Following our previous work, we study the quantum phase transitions which spontaneously develop ferromagnetic spin order in helical fermi liquids which breaks continuous spin-space rotation symmetry, with application to the edge states of 3d topological band insulators. With finite fermi surface, the critical point has both z = 3 over-damped and z = 2 propagating quantum critical modes, and the z = 3 mode will lead to non-fermi liquid behavior on the entire fermi surface. In the ordered phase, the Goldstone mode is over-damped unless it propagates along special directions, and quasiparticle is ill defined on most parts of the fermi surface except for special points. Generalizations of our results to other systems with spin-orbit couplings are also discussed.
Momentum of the electromagnetic field in transparent dielectric media

We present arguments in favor of the proposition that the momentum of light inside a transparent dielectric medium is the arithmetic average of the Minkowski and Abraham momenta. Using the Lorentz transformation of the fields (and of the coordinates) from a stationary to a moving reference frame, we show the consistent transformation of electromagnetic energy and momentum between the two frames. We also examine the momentum of static (i.e., time-independent) electromagnetic fields, and show that the close connection that exists between the Poynting vector and the momentum density extends all the way across the frequency spectrum to this zero-frequency limit. In the specific example presented in this paper, the static field inside a non-absorbing dielectric material turns out to have the Minkowski momentum.
VLT imaging of the beta Pictoris gas disk

Context. Circumstellar debris disks older than a few Myr should be largely devoid of primordial gas remaining from the protoplanetary disk phase. Tracing the origin of observed atomic gas in Keplerian rotation in the edge-on debris disk surrounding the similar to 12 Myr old star beta Pictoris requires more detailed information about its spatial distribution than has previously been acquired by limited slit spectroscopy. Especially indications of asymmetries and presence of Ca II gas at high disk latitudes call for additional investigation to exclude or confirm its connection to observed dust structures or suggested cometary bodies on inclined eccentric orbits. Aims. We set out to recover a complete image of the Fe I and Ca II gas emission around beta Pic by spatially resolved, high-resolution spectroscopic observations to better understand the morphology and origin of the gaseous disk component. Methods. The multiple fiber facility FLAMES/GIRAFFE at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), with the large integral-field-unit ARGUS, was used to obtain spatially resolved optical spectra (from 385.9 to 404.8 nm) in four regions covering the northeast and southwest side of the disk. Emission lines from Fe I (at 386.0 nm) and Ca II (at 393.4 and 396.8 nm) were mapped and could be used to fit a parametric function for the disk gas distribution, using a gas-ionisation code for gas-poor debris disks. Results. Both Fe I and Ca II emission are clearly detected, with the former dominating along the disk midplane, and the latter revealing vertically more extended gas. The surface intensity of the Fe I emission is lower but more extended in the northeast (reaching the 210 AU limit of our observations) than in the southwest, while Ca II shows the opposite asymmetry. The modelled Fe gas disk profile shows a linear increase in scale height with radius, and a vertical profile that suggests dynamical interaction with the dust. We also qualitatively demonstrate that the Ca II emission profile can be explained by optical thickness in the disk midplane, and does not require Ca to be spatially separated from Fe.
Risk factors for HIV infection among adolescents and the youth: a systematic review

Abstract Objective: to identify and analyze HIV infection risk factors among adolescents and the youth. Method: this is a systematic review whose guide question is: what are the risk factors for HIV infection among adolescents and the youth? ” In total, five databases and Google Scholar were searched in December 2021 and the found publications between 2012-2022 were filtered without language restriction. Studies were selected by two independent reviewers. The included materials were subjected to methodological quality evaluation and narrative synthesis. Results: overall, we included seven studies out of the 26,191 retrieved. All studies were conducted in Africa. We found that the female gender, older age, low schooling, Black ethnicity, multiple sexual partners, inconsistent use of condoms, alcohol consumption, and early sexual onset constituted risk factors for HIV infection in adolescents and the youth. Conclusion: understanding risk factors underscores the provision of health policies and intervention strategies to strengthen the responsiveness of health services and nursing teams’ care to reduce HIV transmission among adolescents and the youth.
Localized electronic states at grain boundaries on the surface of graphene and graphite

Recent advances in large-scale synthesis of graphene and other 2D materials have underscored the importance of local defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries (GBs), and especially their tendency to alter the electronic properties of the material. Understanding how the polycrystalline morphology affects the electronic properties is crucial for the development of applications such as flexible electronics, energy harvesting devices or sensors. We here report on atomic scale characterization of several GBs and on the structural-dependence of the localized electronic states in their vicinity. Using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, together with tight binding and ab initio numerical simulations we explore GBs on the surface of graphite and elucidate the interconnection between the local density of states and their atomic structure. We show that the electronic fingerprints of these GBs consist of pronounced resonances which, depending on the relative orientation of the adjacent crystallites, appear either on the electron side of the spectrum or as an electron-hole symmetric doublet close to the charge neutrality point. These two types of spectral features will impact very differently the transport properties allowing, in the asymmetric case to introduce transport anisotropy which could be utilized to design novel growth and fabrication strategies to control device performance.
Maternal death due to serious group A streptococcal toxic shock syndrome reduced after the coronavirus disease pandemic in Japan

Abstract Purpose: Serious group A streptococcal (GAS) infections and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) are rare conditions, but their rapid progression often results in death. The purpose of the present study was to clarify recent trend after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic of GAS infection in Japan. Materials and Methods: Maternal death statistics were analyzed by the Japan Maternal Death Exploratory Committee. Results: Maternal deaths due to GAS–TSS accounted for 4.2% (n = 22) of all maternal deaths in Japan (n = 525) in the last 12 years. GAS–TSS remains one of the leading causes of maternal death after obstetric hemorrhage and hypertensive disorder. However, no maternal deaths due to GAS–TSS have been reported since the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan after the last death occurred in February 2020. Conclusions: The major change during this period was that most Japanese people wore facemasks at all times and did frequent disinfection. It is considered that the reduction in the incidence of GAS infections itself reduced the number of serious GAS-related maternal deaths. Wearing facemasks and frequent disinfection during pregnancy might to be recommended to prevent various infectious diseases including serious GAS infection, even after the COVID-19 pandemic era.
Obesity and diabetes in people of African ancestry with HIV

Obesity is a chronic disease with multiple adverse effects on health. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and people of African ancestry are disproportionally affected. Several widely used antiretrovirals have been associated with weight gain and contribute to the rising burden of obesity in people with HIV. Obesity and weight gain on antiretroviral therapy are risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition which also disproportionally affects black populations. In this review, we discuss recent data on weight gain in relation to initiating or switching antiretroviral therapy and advances in the management of obesity. Availability of highly effective treatments for obesity have the potential to address, and potentially reverse, the epidemics of obesity and diabetes mellitus in people with HIV.
Analysis of Turbulent Near Wakes.

Abstract : This report is concerned with the analytical treatment of the flow in the near wake behind sharp trailing edges with a fully-developed zero-pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer just upstream of the trailing edge. The three cases considered are the flows behind two-dimensional, axisymmetric and infinitely-yawed sharp trailing edges. The principal limits that govern the near wake seem to be Square root of C sub f as it approaches 0 and Square root of C sub f x R sub sigma as it approaches infinity, where C sub f and R sub sigma are the skin friction in the upstream boundary layer and the Reynolds number based on shear layer thickness, respectively. This is the same limit as that for the local asymptotic analysis of a fully-developed turbulent boundary layer under zero pressure gradient at large Reynolds numbers. These limiting conditions lead to the governing equations for the inner and outer near-wake and a logarithmic variation of the velocity in the overlapping region. It is argued that the same limiting conditions also lead to a logarithmic variation of the centerline velocity in the near wake. Similarity solutions have been obtained for the governing equations of the inner and outer near-wakes. Limited comparisons with experiments for a two-dimensional flow show that the variation of the scales and profiles predicted agree reasonably well with experiments.
Internet addiction is associated with psychological distress in highly schizotypal students

There is some limited evidence of an association between technology addictions and emergence of pre‐psychotic symptoms, high psychoticism, psychotic like experiences and high schizotypy among young non‐clinical adults. These addictions and their subsequent distress are likely to contribute to transition to psychosis in individuals at risk. We aimed to compare smartphone, Internet and Facebook addictions between low and high schizotypal individuals; and to explore the association between these addictions and distress in the high schizotypy group.
Investigating the Link Between IADL and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Serial Mediation Model

ABSTRACT Objectives There is a dearth of research on the psychological processes that underlie the negative relation between impaired instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and depressive symptoms in older adults. Drawing on the stress process model and the resilience framework, we investigated whether purpose in life and resilience serially mediate the relationship between impaired IADL and depressive symptoms. Methods We recruited 111 cognitively healthy community-dwelling older adults (ages 54–85; M = 66.5) who scored a minimum of 25 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results We found that purpose in life and resilience serially mediated the relationship between IADL and depressive symptomatology in older adults. This association held true when we controlled for covariates. Additional sensitivity analyses also supported these findings. Conclusions This study extends our understanding of how IADL limitations contribute to depressive symptoms. Using a community-dwelling, cognitively healthy sample, we demonstrate that functional limitations indirectly influence older adults’ depressive symptoms through a decreased sense of purpose in life and decreased resilience. Clinical implications Our findings have implications for intervention programs that aim to alleviate IADL limitations and mental health issues in an aging population and promote healthy aging by improving psychosocial resources (i.e., purpose in life and resilience).