Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Local Tangential Force on Vibration Performance in Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

This paper aims to disclose the noticeable effect of local tangential force on vibration performance in fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). The mechanism to induce vibrations by tangential force is revealed at first. It is found that tangential force is able to deflect the yoke through the tooth's lever arm effect. This phenomenon is detailedly explained through finite element simulation and analytical description of the microscopic deformation in this paper. With the aid of a 10-pole/12-slot PMSM, the quantitative contribution of tangential force to the vibration is also investigated through simulation, vibration synthesis, and experiments. Results show that due to the strong lever arm effect and not so small force amplitudes as commonly expected, the contribution of tangential force to final vibration is comparable to that of radial force. Besides that, the synthesized vibrations indicate the contribution of tangential force decreases with the increase of non-zero spatial order, in a way similar to radial force. In order to underpin the findings, more situations such as with different pole-slot combinations are also analyzed at last.
Mediators of telephone-based continuing care for alcohol and cocaine abuse

A previous randomized trial with 224 alcohol and/or cocaine addicts who completed an initial phase of treatment indicated 12-weeks of telephone-based continuing care yielded higher abstinence rates over 24-months than group counseling continuing care. In this article we examined mediators of this treatment effect. Results suggested that self-help involvement during treatment, and self-efficacy and commitment to abstinence 3 months after treatment, mediated subsequent abstinence outcomes. These analyses controlled for substance use prior to the assessment of mediators. Conversely, there was no evidence that self-help beliefs or social support mediated the treatment effect. These results are consistent with a model in which treatment effects are first accounted for by changes in behavior, followed by changes in self-efficacy and commitment to abstinence.
Determination ofa-helix N1 energies after addition of N1, N2, and N3 preferences to helix 0coil theory

Surveys of protein crystal structures have revealed that amino acids show unique structural preferences for the N1, N2, and N3 positions in the first turn of the a-helix. We have therefore extended helix-coil theory to include statistical weights for these locations. The helix content of a peptide in this model is a function of N-cap, C-cap, N1, N2, N3, C1, and helix interior~N4 to C2! preferences. The partition function for the system is calculated using a matrix incorporating the weights of the fourth residue in a hexamer of amino acids and is implemented using a FORTRAN program. We have applied the model to calculate the N1 preferences of Gln, Val, Ile, Ala, Met, Pro, Leu, Thr, Gly, Ser, and Asn, using our previous data on helix contents of peptides Ac-XAKAAAAKAAGY-CONH 2. We find that Ala has the highest preference for the N1 position. Asn is the most unfavorable, destabilizing a helix at N1 by at least 1.4 kcal mol 21 compared to Ala. The remaining amino acids all have similar preferences, 0.5 kcal mol 21 less than Ala. Gln, Asn, and Ser, therefore, do not stabilize the helix when at N1.
MITOCHONDRIAL GENETICS ’98 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease

Disordered mitochondrial metabolism may play an important role in a number of idiopathic neurodegenerative disorders. The question of mitochondrial dysfunction is particularly attractive in the case of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD), since Vyas et al. recognized in the 1980s that the parkinsonism-inducing compound N-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine is a mitochondrial toxin. The unique genetic properties of mitochondria also make them worthy of consideration for a pathogenic role in PD, as well as in other late-onset, sporadic neurodegenerative disorders. Although affected persons occasionally do provide family histories that suggest Mendelian inheritance, the vast majority of the time these diseases appear sporadically. Because of unique features such as heteroplasmy, replicative segregation, and threshold effects, mitochondrial inheritance can allow for the apparent sporadic nature of these diseases.
Hydroxamate-based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Can Protect Neurons from Oxidative Stress via an HDAC-independent Catalase-like Mechanism

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown enormous promise for treating various disease states, presumably due to their ability to modulate acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins. Many of these inhibitors contain functional groups capable of strongly chelating metal ions. We demonstrate that several members of one such class of compounds, the hydroxamate-based HDAC inhibitors, can protect neurons from oxidative stress via an HDAC-independent mechanism. This previously unappreciated antioxidant mechanism involves the in situ formation of hydroxamateiron complexes that catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in a manner reminiscent of catalase. We demonstrate that while many hydroxamate-containing HDAC inhibitors display a propensity for binding iron, only a subset form active catalase mimetics capable of protecting neurons from exogenous H2O2. In addition to impacting stroke and neurodegenerative disease research, these results highlight the possibility that HDAC-independent factors might play a role in the therapeutic effects of hydroxamate-based HDAC inhibitors.
An Integrated On-Board EV Charger with Safe Charging Operation for Three-Phase IPM Motor

This paper presents a safe charging operation for the integrated on-board electric vehicle (EV) charging system, where the power electronic components are reconfigured from the propulsive system. First, the rotational movement is detected and analyzed, when the motor windings are reutilized as the dc–dc inductors. Then the safe charging operation is investigated, which is based on the analysis of the charging torque and the ripple currents. Moreover, a new control strategy is presented with the purpose of the safe operation and smoothing reactor during the EV charging process. Finally, both simulation and experimentation are carried out to verify the safe charging operation. The results prove the feasibility and validity of the proposed safe charging operation for on-board charger with the three-phase interior permanent-magnet motor.
Mouse Brain Neurons

The relationship between microtubule dynamics and polyglutamylation of tubulin was investigated in young differentiating mouse brain neurons. Selective posttranslational labeling with [3H]glutamate and immunoblotting with a specific monoclonal antibody (GT335) enabled us to analyze polyglutamylation of both a and : subunits. Nocodazole markedly inhibited incorporation of [3H]glutamate into aand 3-tubulin, whereas taxol had no effect for a-tubulin and a stimulating effect for f-tubulin. These results strongly suggest that microtubule polymers are the preferred substrate for polyglutamylation. Chase experiments revealed the existence of a reversal reaction that, in the case of a-tubulin, was not affected by microtubule drugs, suggesting that deglutamylation of this subunit can occur on both polymers and soluble tubulin. Evidence was obtained that deglutamylation of a-tubulin operates following two distinct rates depending on the length of the polyglutamyl chain, the distal units (4th-6th) being removed rapidly whereas the proximal ones (lst-3rd) appearing much more resistant to deglutamylation. Partition of glutamylated a-tubulin isoforms was also correlated with the length of the polyglutamyl chain. Forms bearing four to six units were recovered specifically in the polymeric fraction, whereas those bearing one to three units were distributed evenly between polymeric and soluble fractions. It thus appears that the slow rate component of the deglutamylation reaction offers to neurons the possibility to maintain a basal level of glutamylated a-tubulin in the soluble pool independently of microtubule dynamics. Finally, some differences observed in the glutamylation of aand ,B-tubulin suggest that distinct enzymes are involved.
Fall Prevention in a Primary Care Setting The Effects of a Targeted Complex Exercise Intervention in a Cluster Randomized Trial

Methods: In a cluster randomized trial in 33 general practices 378 people living independently and at high risk of falling (65 to 94 years old; 285 women) were allocated to either a 16 week exercise-based fall prevention program including muscle strengthening and challenging balance training exercises, combined with a 12 week home-based exercise program (222 participants), or to usual care (156 participants). The main outcome was number of falls over a period of 12 months. Secondary outcomes were the number of fall-related injuries, physical function (Timed-Up-and-Go-Test, TUG, Chair-Stand-Test, CST, modified Romberg Test), and fear of falling.
Upgrading Of Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete Flanged Deep Beams Containing Voids In Web By Strengthening With CFRP Sheets

In the present work, a non-linear finite element (FEM) analysis has been conducted in order to investigate the performance strengthening of reinforced self-compacting concrete T-deep beams with rectangular openings by CFRP sheets. five beams have been considered with different opening location (size of openings 150 *250)mm. To improve the performance of beams with rectangular openings, the most commonly used methods in strengthening have been adopted which is CFRP sheets. This comparison was based on the of load-deflection curves, ultimate loads and cracking patterns the result obtained are compared with those experimentally recorded at failure. The comparison result between the results of the experimental program and the F.E. analysis showed the validity of the result model adopted in the present work to simulate the behavior of the flange deep beams have openings strengthening by CFRP sheets in the present work. The analysis results showed that when the introducing openings with size of (150*250) mm led to a reduction in the load capacity by ( 64%) when located flushed to the flange and (70%) when bottom location.
Exosomes from IDO+ DC are therapeutic in CIA and DTH disease models

Objective—We have demonstrated previously that dendritic cells (DC), modified with immunosuppressive cytokines, and exosomes derived from the DC can suppress the onset of murine CIA and reduce the severity of established arthritis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan degrading enzyme important for immune regulation and tolerance maintenance. DC expressing functional IDO can inhibit T cells by either depleting them of essential tryptophan and/ or by producing toxic metabolites, as well as by generating regulatory T cells. In this study, we examined the immunosuppressive effects of bone marrow derived DC, genetically modified to express IDO, and IDO+-DC-derived exosomes. Methods—Bone marrow derived DC were adenovirally transduced with IDO or CTLA4-Ig (an inducer of IDO), and the resulting DC and exosomes were tested for their immunosuppressive ability in the collagen-induced arthritis and delayed type hypersensitivity murine models. Results—We demonstrate that both DC and exosomes derived from DC overexpressing IDO are anti-inflammatory in collagen-induced arthritis and delayed type hypersensitivity murine models. The suppressive effects were partially dependent on B7 costimulatory molecules. In addition, gene transfer of CTLA4-Ig to DC resulted in induction of IDO in the DC and exosomes able to reduce inflammation in an IDO-dependent manner. Conclusion—These results demonstrate that both IDO expressing DC and DC-derived exosomes are immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory, and are able to reverse established arthritis. Therefore, exosomes from IDO+ DC may represent a novel therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
New advances in pharmacological approaches to the cholinergic system: an overview on muscarinic receptor ligands and cholinesterase inhibitors

The cholinergic system is expressed in neuronal and in non-neuronal tissues. Acetylcholine (ACh), synthesized in and out of the nervous system can locally contribute to modulation of various cell functions (e.g. survival, proliferation). Considering that the cholinergic system and its functions are impaired in a number of disorders, the identification of new pharmacological approaches to regulate cholinergic system components appears of great relevance. The present review focuses on recent pharmacological drugs able to modulate the activity of cholinergic receptors and thereby, cholinergic function, with an emphasis on the muscarinic receptor subtype, and additionally covers the cholinesterases, the main enzymes involved in ACh hydrolysis. The presence and function of muscarinic receptor subtypes both in neuronal and non-neuronal cells has been demonstrated using extensive pharmacological data emerging from studies on transgenic mice. The possible involvement of ACh in different pathologies has been proposed in recent years and is becoming an important area of study. Although the lack of selective muscarinic receptor ligands has for a long time limited the definition of therapeutic treatment based on muscarinic receptors as targets, some muscarinic ligands such as cevimeline (patents US4855290; US5571918) or xanomeline (patent, US5980933) have been developed and used in pre-clinical or in clinical studies for the treatment of nervous system diseases (Alzheimer’ and Sjogren’s diseases). The present review focuses on the potential implications of muscarinic receptors in different pathologies, including tumors. Moreover, the future use of muscarinic ligands in therapeutic protocols in cancer therapy will be discussed, considering that some muscarinic antagonists currently used in the treatment of genitourinary disease (e.g. darifenacin, patent, US5096890; US6106864) have also been demonstrated to arrest tumor progression in nude mice. The involvement of muscarinic receptors in nociception also is over-viewed. In fact, muscarinic agonists such as vedaclidine, CMI-936 and CMI-1145 have been demonstrated to have analgesic Address correspondence: Ada Maria Tata, PhD, Dept. of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Research Center of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, Sapienza, University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5 – 00185 Roma, Italy, Tel. 39-06-49912637, Fax 39-06-49912351, adamaria.tata@uniroma1.it. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 March 01. Published in final edited form as: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov. 2013 August ; 8(2): 123–141. A uhor M anscript
Interleukin 1b Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are rare neoplasms with not fully understood etiology. Interleukin 1b (IL1b) plays an important role in pancreatic pathology, especially carcinogenesis, but its role in pNET development remains unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between IL1b polymorphisms and susceptibility to pNETs. IL1b 511 C/T and + 3954 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction–SNP analysis. IL1b serum values in pNET patients were also determined. Association between high-expression C/T 511 IL1b genotype and susceptibility to pNET ( p = 0.042) was found, especially with functional pNET ( p = 0.014), where it was associated with the T allele ( p = 0.016). Combination of genotype analyses confirmed carriers of 511/ + 3954 CTCT to be at risk of developing functional pNETs ( p = 0.006) and carriers of 511/ + 3954 CTCC at risk of developing nonfunctional pNETs ( p = 0.019). IL1b serum levels of all patients were below the limit of detection. Our results suggest IL1b involvement in pNET development, and we also found association between the IL1b 511 SNP and susceptibility to pNET, especially functional pNETs. Nonfunctional pNETs seem to have inferior prognosis when compared with functional pNETs. It is possible that they differ in tumor microenvironment and that nonfunctional tumors share similarities with adenocarcinoma. We believe that our findings will contribute to understanding of the etiology and possible novel prognostic markers for pNETs when future studies investigating the serum and tumor tissue IL1b levels are done.
STIMULUS-REINFORCER CONTINGENCIES AND LOCAL BEHAVIORAL CONTRAST 1

Four pigeons were exposed to a series of multiple schedules of variable-interval reinforcement in which pecks were required on one key (operant key) and components were signalled on a second key (signal key). Four additional pigeons experienced identical conditions, except that a yoking procedure delivered food on variable-time schedules, with no key pecks required. One of the components of the multiple schedule was constant throughout the experiment as a variable-interval (or variable-time) 30-second schedule. Operant-key responding during the constant component was uniform throughout the component, uninfluenced by changes in the duration of the variable component, and only slightly influenced by changes in reinforcement frequency correlated with the variable component. By comparison, signal-key response rate during the constant component was highest at the onset of the component, was higher when the variable component was 60-sec long than when it was 1-sec long, and was higher when no reinforcement occurred in the variable component than when reinforcement was scheduled in the variable component. These characteristics of signal-key pecking matched characteristics of local positive behavioral contrast. These data are taken to support the "additivity theory" of behavioral contrast and to suggest that Pavlovian stimulus-reinforcer relations contribute primarily to the phenomenon of local positive contrast.
b3b-adrenoceptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells display identical pharmacology but utilize distinct signalling pathways

1 This study characterizes the mouse b3a-adrenoceptor (AR) and the splice variant of the b3-AR (b3b-AR) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1). 2 Stable clones with high (*1200), medium (*500) or low receptor expression (*100 fmol mg protein) were determined by saturation binding with [I]-(7)-cyanopindolol. Competition binding studies showed no signi®cant dierences in anity of b-AR ligands for either receptor. 3 Several functional responses of each receptor were measured, namely extracellular acidi®cation rate (EAR; cytosensor microphysiometer), cyclic AMP accumulation, and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. The b3-AR agonists BRL37344, CL316243, GR265162X, L755507, SB251023, the non-conventional partial b-AR agonist CGP12177 and the b-AR agonist (7)-isoprenaline caused concentrationdependent increases in EAR in cells expressing either splice variant. CL316243 caused concentrationdependent increases in cyclic AMP accumulation and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in cells expressing either receptor. 4 PTX treatment increased maximum EAR and cyclic AMP responses to CL316243 in cells expressing the b3b-AR but not in cells expressing the b3a-AR at all levels of receptor expression. 5 CL316243 increased Erk1/2 phosphorylation with pEC50 values and maximum responses that were not signi®cantly dierent in cells expressing either splice variant. Erk1/2 phosphorylation was insensitive to PTX or H89 (PKA inhibitor) but was inhibited by LY294002 (PI3Kg inhibitor), PP2 (c-Src inhibitor), genistein (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and PD98059 (MEK inhibitor). 6 The adenylate cyclase activators forskolin or cholera toxin failed to increase Erk1/2 levels although both treatments markedly increased cyclic AMP accumulation in both b3aor b3b-AR transfected cells. 7 These results suggest that in CHO-K1 cells, the b3b-AR, can couple to both Gs and Gi to stimulate and inhibit cyclic AMP production respectively, while the b3a-AR, couples solely to Gs to increase cyclic AMP levels. However, the increase in Erk1/2 phosphorylation following receptor activation is not dependent upon coupling of the receptors to Gi or the generation of cyclic AMP. British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 135, 1903 ± 1914
Population-Based Longitudinal Study of Hepatitis B “e” Antigen Negative persons with Chronic Hepatitis B: Level of HBV DNA and Liver Disease

In a population-based cohort of Alaska Native persons with chronic HBV infection who were HBeAg-negative, we aimed to determine the prevalence of immune active HBV infection over time and to determine the relationship between demographic and viral factors on severity of disease on liver biopsy. We examined 777 patients infected with five HBV genotypes (A2, B6, C2, D2/3, F1). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurements were assessed every 6 months during an 8-year period. HBV DNA levels were performed at baseline in 2001 and whenever ALT levels exceeded the upper limit of normal (ULN). Immune active chronic HBV infection was defined as an ALT >30 U/L men, >20 U/ml women and HBV DNA >2,000 IU/ml during one or more times from 2001 and 2008. Liver biopsies were scored using the modified hepatic activity index score (HAI) of Knodell and the Ishak fibrosis score. A total of 201 (26%) patients met the criteria for immune active HBV. HBV genotype D was less likely to be associated with immune active hepatitis than the other 4 genotypes. Of the 46 patients with liver biopsy results, none of the 15 patients with ALT always below twice the ULN and only 2/19 of those with HBV DNA between 2,000 and 20,000 IU/ml had moderate or severe hepatitis, or moderate or severe fibrosis. In contrast, 18(58%) of 31 with ALT ≥ twice ULN, and 16 (62%) of 26 with one or more HBV DNA levels > 20,000 IU/ml had moderate to severe fibrosis scores (p<0.001). Contact Information: Brian J McMahon MD, Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 4315 diplomacy Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508; Telephone 907-729-3419, FAX 907-729-1570, bdm9@cdc.gov. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 October 19. Published in final edited form as: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 April ; 12(4): 701–6.e1-3. doi:10.1016/j.cgh. 2013.09. 005. A uhor M anscript
Temperature-sensitive suppressor mutations of the Escherichia coliDNA gyrase B protein

Escherichia colistrain LE316 contains a mutation in gyrB that results in the substitution of Val164 to Gly and confers both chlorobiocin resistance and temperature sensitivity. Selection for suppressors of the ts phenotype yielded second-site mutations in GyrB at His38 and Thr157. The properties of proteins bearing these mutations have been characterized, and a mechanism of suppression is proposed based upon structural considerations.