Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Burnout Rates Among General Orthopedic Surgeons and Subspecialists: A Pilot Study.

Burnout among physicians is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, de-personalization, and reduced sense of personal accomplishment that can negatively affect personal relationships, physician well-being, and patient outcomes. Although burnout rates of up to 50% to 60% among orthopedic surgeons have been reported, no studies have evaluated burnout among orthopedic generalists and subspecialists. The primary goal of this study was to examine the prevalence of burnout among orthopedic disciplines. We conducted a multicenter study from March 2019 through December 2019 involving 149 orthopedists. An abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was used to measure burnout. Demographic information, personal characteristics, professional characteristics, family life and spousal support, and depression were also assessed. The mean rate of burnout among all respondents was 62%, whereas 16.77% screened positive for depression. Subspecialties with the highest rates of burnout were oncology (100%), sports medicine (68%), and trauma (63%). Similarly, trauma (50.00%), oncology (40.00%), and general orthopedics (20.00%) had the highest positive depression screening rates. In contrast, shoulder and elbow (50%), pediatric (52%), and foot and ankle (54%) specialists had the lowest rates of burnout, whereas shoulder and elbow (0.00%), spine (0.00%), and sports medicine (6.50%) specialists had the lowest rates of positive depression screening. Older age, higher debt load, and oncology subspecialty were associated with increased burnout risk. This study sought to determine burnout rates within each orthopedic discipline, with a secondary aim of disclosing contributing factors. Trauma and oncology had the highest rates of burnout and positive depression screening. Because this study represents a small orthopedic cohort, larger studies are needed to appropriately manage burnout in the future. [Orthopedics. 20XX;XX(X):xx-xx. ].
Towards defining quality in home care for persons living with dementia

Introduction Accelerating rates of dementia worldwide coupled with older adults living longer in the community calls for greater focus on quality home care support services. Few frameworks for quality dementia home care exist though prior findings have found elements considered to be important for “good” home care for people living with dementia. This study aimed to identify core components of a quality home care experience for people with dementia and their caregivers. Methods As part of a larger research study, in-depth interviews were conducted with persons living with dementia and caregivers (n = 25) to explore hospital-to-home care transitions. The design used for this study was a qualitative description. We used deductive-inductive thematic analysis, which was informed by previous work in this area. Open codes were mapped to pre-determined themes, and for codes not accommodated by an a piori framework, new themes were developed. Findings Our findings resulted in 4 overarching themes. Two themes were identified deductively (Availability and Acceptability of Home Care Services) and two inductively (Adaptability and Affordability of Home Care Services). Findings highlight the roles of family—care provider partnerships and responsive support in receiving quality home care, and the cost associated with unmet needs. Interpretation With an aging population, an increase in home care client acuity, and post-COVID-19 concerns over long-term care, more attention is needed to improve the quality of home care. The demand for these services will continue to increase particularly for those living with dementia and their families. The findings of availability, acceptability, adaptability, and affordability as core to quality care can help lay the groundwork for a home care framework for persons living with dementia and their caregivers. Future research could benefit from comparative analyses to evaluate the applicability of the findings to non-dementia home care service users and caregivers.
Stomatal conductance tracks soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance in faba bean and maize during soil drying

Abstract Although regulation of stomatal conductance is widely assumed to be the most important plant response to soil drying, the picture is incomplete when hydraulic conductance from soil to the leaf, upstream of the stomata, is not considered. Here, we investigated to what extent soil drying reduces the conductance between soil and leaf, whether this reduction differs between species, how it affects stomatal regulation, and where in the hydraulic pathway it occurs. To this end, we noninvasively and continuously measured the total root water uptake rate, soil water potential, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance of 4-week-old, pot-grown maize (Zea mays) and faba bean (Vicia faba) plants during 4 days of water restriction. In both species, the soil–plant conductance, excluding stomatal conductance, declined exponentially with soil drying and was reduced to 50% above a soil water potential of −0.1 MPa, which is far from the permanent wilting point. This loss of conductance has immediate consequences for leaf water potential and the associated stomatal regulation. Both stomatal conductance and soil–plant conductance declined at a higher rate in faba bean than in maize. Estimations of the water potential at the root surface and an incomplete recovery 22 h after rewatering indicate that the loss of conductance, at least partly, occurred inside the plants, for example, through root suberization or altered aquaporin gene expression. Our findings suggest that differences in the stomatal sensitivity among plant species are partly explained by the sensitivity of root hydraulic conductance to soil drying.
Lq‐based robust analytics on ultrahigh and high dimensional data

Ultrahigh and high dimensional data are common in regression analysis for various fields, such as omics data, finance, and biological engineering. In addition to the problem of dimension, the data might also be contaminated. There are two main types of contamination: outliers and model misspecification. We develop an unique method that takes into account the ultrahigh or high dimensional issues and both types of contamination. In this article, we propose a framework for feature screening and selection based on the minimum Lq‐likelihood estimation (MLqE), which accounts for the model misspecification contamination issue and has also been shown to be robust to outliers. In numerical analysis, we explore the robustness of this framework under different outliers and model misspecification scenarios. To examine the performance of this framework, we conduct real data analysis using the skin cutaneous melanoma data. When comparing with traditional screening and feature selection methods, the proposed method shows superiority in both variable identification effectiveness and parameter estimation accuracy.
Simulated Microgravity Accelerates Alloy Corrosion by Aspergillus sp. via the Enhanced Production of Organic Acids

The space station and other long-term manned spacecrafts will experience the risk of microbial corrosion, especially mold, which will be harmful to the platform system and astronauts. Aspergillus sp. has been widely reported to produce organic acids that corrode and destroy materials, and the ability of these crafts to fly through space can be significantly affected. Research on the mechanism that causes enhanced corrosion ability of fungi in space stations is important to control their growth. ABSTRACT Metal corrosion caused by Aspergillus sp. was shown to be significantly enhanced on a space station, but its mechanism is still unknown. To simulate this on earth, the corrosion capability of A. carbonarius on five metal sheets was investigated under simulated microgravity. Also, the effect of metal ions on growth and organic acid production was determined. Results showed that A. carbonarius could corrode all five types of metal, including Ti alloy, aluminum alloy, iron, and aluminum and copper sheet, and the corrosion was intensified under simulated microgravity. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis showed that metal ions enriched on A. carbonarius spores, especially iron, aluminum ions, and copper ions, indicating that A. carbonarius can use these metal ions. In particular, the content of oxalic acid was significantly increased after A. carbonarius cocultured with five metal materials under simulated microgravity. Al3+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ at the concentration of 0.3 mg/mL and Mg2+ at 0.8 mg/mL significantly promoted the growth and oxalic acid and citric acid production of A. carbonarius and A. niger under normal gravity and simulated microgravity. Comparing the impact of metal ions and metal sheets on the production of organic acids, it can be inferred that oxalic acid may dominate in the corrosion process of A. carbonarius. In summary, molds promoted metal corrosion by producing organic acids, and the released metal ions will further promote the growth of mold and the accumulation of organic acids. This may be an important reason for the intensification of mold corrosion under microgravity. IMPORTANCE The space station and other long-term manned spacecrafts will experience the risk of microbial corrosion, especially mold, which will be harmful to the platform system and astronauts. Aspergillus sp. has been widely reported to produce organic acids that corrode and destroy materials, and the ability of these crafts to fly through space can be significantly affected. Research on the mechanism that causes enhanced corrosion ability of fungi in space stations is important to control their growth. Our research focuses on the interaction between mold and metals. In particular, it is found that metal ions promote mold growth and produce organic acids, thus accelerating mold corrosion of metals. Our results provide a new perspective for the control of fungal corrosion under simulated microgravity.
The Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Patients With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome

Objective The aim of the study is to compare the effects of exercise training plus neuromuscular electrical stimulation with exercise training alone on shoulder function, pain, range of motion, and muscle strength in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Design Patients were randomly divided into groups of exercise training (n = 24) and exercise training + neuromuscular electrical stimulation (n = 24). Shoulder function was evaluated with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire, pain level was assessed with a visual analog scale, range of motion was measured with a goniometer, and muscle strength was assessed with a handheld dynamometer baseline and at the end of treatment (week 8). Results In both groups, shoulder function, range of motion, and muscle strength (except flexion muscle strength in the exercise training group) increased, while pain decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the exercise training group, visual analog scale–activity and visual analog scale–night decreased more, and external-rotation range of motion and whole muscle strength increased more in the exercise training + neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the effect sizes were medium to large for both groups. Conclusions The addition of neuromuscular electrical stimulation treatment to exercise training did not improve shoulder function, which is the primary outcome, more than exercise training alone, but increased muscle strength and range of motion (external-rotation only) and decreased pain (activity-night), which are the secondary outcomes.
Motivic Serre group, algebraic Sato-Tate group and Sato-Tate conjecture

We make explicit Serre's generalization of the Sato-Tate conjecture for motives, by expressing the construction in terms of fiber functors from the motivic category of absolute Hodge cycles into a suitable category of Hodge structures of odd weight. This extends the case of abelian varietes, which we treated in a previous paper. That description was used by Fite--Kedlaya--Rotger--Sutherland to classify Sato-Tate groups of abelian surfaces; the present description is used by Fite--Kedlaya--Sutherland to make a similar classification for certain motives of weight 3. We also give conditions under which verification of the Sato-Tate conjecture reduces to the identity connected component of the corresponding Sato-Tate group.
Functional connectivity during orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing of Chinese characters identifies distinct visuospatial and phonosemantic networks

While neuroimaging studies have identified brain regions associated with single word reading, its three constituents, namely, orthography, phonology, and meaning, and the functional connectivity of their networks remain underexplored. This study examined the neurocognitive underpinnings of these neural activations and functional connectivity of the identified brain regions using a within‐subject design. Thirty‐one native Mandarin speakers performed orthographic, phonological, and semantic judgment tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results indicated that the three processes shared a core network consisting of a large region in the left prefrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and medial superior frontal gyrus but not the superior temporal gyrus. Orthographic processing more strongly recruited the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left superior parietal lobule and bilateral fusiform gyri; semantic processing more strongly recruited the left inferior frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus, whereas phonological processing more strongly activated the dorsal part of the precentral gyrus. Functional connectivity analysis identified a posterior visuospatial network and a frontal phonosemantic network interfaced by the left middle frontal gyrus. We conclude that reading Chinese recruits cognitive resources that correspond to basic task demands with unique features best explained in connection with the individual reading subprocesses.
Patient Characteristics Predictive of Immediate and Delayed Word Recall Performance Following Adolescent Concussion

Abstract Clinicians rely on objective concussion assessments that may be influenced by patient characteristics, creating difficulties in isolating the effect of concussion on patient function. The purpose of our study was to identify characteristics associated with performance on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 th edition (SCAT5) 10-word recall test following adolescent concussion. We evaluated patients seen for care within 14 days of concussion (n=125; 15.2±1.6 years of age, range=11–18 years; 46% female; 6.9±3.4 days post-concussion). Patient demographic (age, sex, medical and concussion history, etc.), injury (timing of presentation, symptom severity, sport-type, etc.), and clinical test (Modified Balance Error Scoring System [mBESS], tandem gait) characteristics were assessed, in addition to SCAT5 immediate and delayed memory testing using the 10-word recall list. Immediate and delayed recall performance was significantly associated with concussion symptom burden and cognitive accuracy during tandem gait, although effect sizes were notably small. Specific variables such as age, sex, diagnosis of ADD/ADHD, and performance on other clinical assessments were not significantly associated with recall performance after controlling for covariates. Further, the 10-word recall list demonstrates specific advantages over previously used 5-word lists by way of decreased ceiling effects and reduced interference of inherent patient characteristics.
Covariance Estimation and Autocorrelation of NORAD Two-Line Element Sets

Abstract : This thesis investigates NORAD two-line element sets (TLE) containing satellite mean orbital elements for the purpose of estimating a covariance matrix and formulating an autocorrelation relationship. Orbit propagation is performed using Simplified General Perturbations Number 4 (SGP4) analytical model as implemented within Satellite Took Kit. For a given satellite, TLEs from a span of two weeks are used to calculate position and velocity differences of estimated state vectors in order to characterize their variance behavior and compute a covariance matrix for the most recent TLE. Six satellites and eight time spans are investigated, with all state vector differences evaluated in satellite-based coordinate systems. An autocorrelation relationship for each satellite is generated to characterize confidence levels of the orbit predictions. Trends in the deterministic dynamics and errors in the model are observed and discussed. Covariance matrix estimates and associated TLEs are presented.
The Importance of Identifying Meibomian Gland Inversion in Patients With Floppy Eyelid Syndrome

Background: Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is a common and underdiagnosed condition characterized by eyelid hyperlaxity with reactive palpebral conjunctivitis that can cause ocular irritation. It may be associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and secondary tarsal curling, resulting in upper eyelid meibomian gland inversion (MGI) in the absence of obvious marginal entropion. Purpose: To highlight the possible significance of MGI in patients with FES and report findings and outcomes in patients with concomitant MGI and FES undergoing correction of MGI with or without upper eyelid horizontal tightening. Methods: Retrospective, 5-year, noncomparative, single-center study of patients with FES and MGI, treated with MGI correction, with or without upper eyelid horizontal tightening, under the supervision of a single surgeon. Preoperative symptoms, surgical outcomes, complication rates, and postoperative symptoms were recorded. Results: A total of 13 eyes of 9 patients were treated with MGI surgery over the study period. Seven were male. Mean age at the surgery was 63 (range 42–81) years. Two OSs, 3 ODs, and 4 OUs were treated. All patients were “cotton-tip test” positive, and 77% (10/13) had MGI-related superior corneal fluorescein staining. Three patients (33%) had previous standard tightening procedures with recurrence of symptoms within 5 to 24 (mean 16) months. Repeat horizontal tightening had been considered in all these cases before referral to our unit. Mean follow-up was 20 months. Eight patients (88.9%) had improvement of symptoms (n = 3, full resolution; n = 5, partial resolution). All patients demonstrated restoration of the normal anatomical position of the meibomian glands. Superior punctate staining resolved in all eyes. Conclusion: This study provides a proof of concept that upper eyelid MGI can be present and symptomatic in patients with FES. It may help explain cases where symptoms persist or recur early following standard upper eyelid horizontal tightening. Where superior corneal punctate staining and a positive cotton-tip test exist, surgical correction of MGI, alongside horizontal tightening, may provide better, and longer-lasting symptomatic relief. This study provides evidence for the need for a prospective study to evaluate the contribution of MGI in patients with FES. In floppy eyelid syndrome (FES), the eyelid laxity may predispose to meibomian gland inversion (MGI), exacerbating ocular surface symptoms. It may be important to identify and correct MGI alongside horizontal eyelid tightening in FES patients.
Dynamics of minimal residual disease defines a novel risk-classification and the role of allo-HSCT in adult Ph-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract The prognosis of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients is well established. However, the implementation of dynamic MRD for risk classification and decision-making for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains vague. In this study, we collected multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC)-MRD data of Ph-negative B-ALL patients (n = 134) from the Precision-Classification-Directed-Target-Total-Therapy-ALL-2016 (PDT-ALL-2016) cohort and stratified it into high-(HR), medium-(MR), and standard-risk (SR) groups. With a median of 3.65 years follow-up (95% CI: 3.037–4.263), 3-year OS rate was 51.8 ± 8.3% in HR, compared with MR 61.5 ± 10.8% (p = 0.472), and SR 73.3 ± 5.9% (p = 0.006). Multivariate analysis shows that integrated dynamic MRD is an independent factor for overall survival. Compared to pediatric-inspired chemotherapy, allo-HSCT significantly improves the survival of the HR cohort (p < 0.001), but not in MR and SR. Finally, our study suggests that integrated dynamic MRD defines a novel risk-classification criteria and highlights the benefits of allo-HSCT in adult patients with Ph-negative ALL.
3-D Convolutional Neural Networks for RGB-D Salient Object Detection and Beyond

RGB-depth (RGB-D) salient object detection (SOD) recently has attracted increasing research interest, and many deep learning methods based on encoder–decoder architectures have emerged. However, most existing RGB-D SOD models conduct explicit and controllable cross-modal feature fusion either in the single encoder or decoder stage, which hardly guarantees sufficient cross-modal fusion ability. To this end, we make the first attempt in addressing RGB-D SOD through 3-D convolutional neural networks. The proposed model, named RD3D, aims at prefusion in the encoder stage and in-depth fusion in the decoder stage to effectively promote the full integration of RGB and depth streams. Specifically, RD3D first conducts prefusion across RGB and depth modalities through a 3-D encoder obtained by inflating 2-D ResNet and later provides in-depth feature fusion by designing a 3-D decoder equipped with rich back-projection paths (RBPPs) for leveraging the extensive aggregation ability of 3-D convolutions. Toward an improved model RD3D+, we propose to disentangle the conventional 3-D convolution into successive spatial and temporal convolutions and, meanwhile, discard unnecessary zero padding. This eventually results in a 2-D convolutional equivalence that facilitates optimization and reduces parameters and computation costs. Thanks to such a progressive-fusion strategy involving both the encoder and the decoder, effective and thorough interactions between the two modalities can be exploited and boost detection accuracy. As an additional boost, we also introduce channel-modality attention and its variant after each path of RBPP to attend to important features. Extensive experiments on seven widely used benchmark datasets demonstrate that RD3D and RD3D+ perform favorably against 14 state-of-the-art RGB-D SOD approaches in terms of five key evaluation metrics. Our code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/PPOLYpubki/RD3D.