Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Level Set-Navier Stokes Numerical Method for Predicting Thermo-Fluid Dynamics of Turbulent Free Surface

In the present paper, a new generalized level set numerical method based on the Fast Marching Method is developed for predicting the moving interface thermo-fluid dynamics in turbulent free surface flows. The numerical method is devoted to predict the turbulent interfacial dynamics resulting from either aerodynamic force or thermocapillary effects. The unsteady Reynolds averaged NavierStokes equations (RANS) and energy equation are coupled with the level set method and solved separately in each phase using the finite volume method on a nonstaggered grid system. The application of the fast marching technique enables the fast as well as the accurate transport of the moving interface via the extension velocity algorithm and provides, simultaneously, robust and precise modeling of the interfacial normal and tangential stresses resulting from surface curvature and Marangoni effects, respectively. The Reynolds stresses are estimated by solving the standard two-equation k-ε turbulence model. A wide range of validation and benchmark cases in different flow regimes are performed and their results are compared with the previous published data in order to assist the accuracy of the developed numerical method. In general, the developed numerical method indicates a remarkable capability in predicting the interfacial thermo-fluid dynamics of moving interfaces in different free surface flow problems encountered in a wide range of industrial and engineering applications.
Magnetic structure of TbMnO3 by neutron diffraction

Magnetic ordering in TbMnO3 was revisited by a neutron diffraction study. In addition to the previously reported A-type and G-type modulated structures with a propagation vector (0,q_Mn,0), we found C-type and F-type orderings of the Mn moments. All the components appear below T_N^Mn = 46 K, and the G, C,and F-type components are enhanced below T_lock = 28 K, where q_Mn ordering locks at its low temperature value. The locking of the propagation vector also yields the squaring up of the spin arrangement. The magnetic moments of Tb ions show a quasi long-range ordering below T_N^Tb = 7 K. It drastically promotes the development of the G, C, and F-type components while suppressing the A-type components.
A method for calculating the aerodynamic loading on wing-body combinations at small angles of attack in supersonic flow

This report describes a theoretical method for estimating the aerodynamic loading on a wing-body configuration. In order to provide a basis for evaluation of the method, experimental measurements of surface pressures, forces, and moments were made on a series of basic wing-body configurations over a Mach number range from 2.5 to 4.5. Comparison of the theoretical estimates with these experimental data generally indicated good agreement for the entire range of configurations and test conditions. A theoretical method has been developed for estimating the aerodynamic loading on wing-body configurations a t supersonic speeds and small angles of attack. The method uses second-order shock-expansion theory for the body effects and linear theory for the wings. In order to provide a basis for evaluation of the theoretical method, experimental measurements of surface pressure were made at selected survey positions on each of a series of basic wing-body configurations over a Mach number range from 2.5 to 4.5 and at angles of attack up to 6O. Force and moment measurements were also made for this same series of models a t these test conditions. Comparison of the theoretical estimates with the experimental data generally indicated good agreement for the entire range of configu­ ration and test variables. The agreement demonstrated by this comparison indicates that reliable preliminary design estimates can be obtained for the detailed aerodynamic loading as well as the longitudinal aerodynamic stability and control of complete wing-body configurations .
Dissociative recombination of NO+: calculations and comparison with experiment

Multichannel quantum defect calculations for NO+ dissociative recombination (DR) for electron energies from threshold to 8 eV are presented. The calculations use electronic energies and autoionization widths of valence states obtained from ab initio R-matrix calculations with the corresponding potential curves calibrated using available spectroscopic data. Six valence states open to dissociation are included in the final calculations. Excellent agreement with the measured cross sections is obtained for the low-energy DR, up to 3 eV and, for the first time, the peak observed in the cross section at high energy is accounted for. The importance of the various dissociative states at different electron energies, as well as the direct and indirect processes, is discussed. Compared to previous theoretical studies, the inclusion of a third dissociative state of 2Π symmetry and the larger autoionization width of the B' 2Δ state are found to be particularly important for the agreement with experiment.
Monte Carlo simulation of a dynamic MLC based on a multiple source model

Detailed knowledge of the characteristics of the radiation field shaped by a multileaf collimator (MLC) is essential in intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). A previously developed multiple source model (MSM) for a 6 MV beam was extended to a 15 MV beam and supplemented with an accurate model of an 80-leaf dynamic MLC. Using the supplemented MSM and the MC code GEANT, lateral dose distributions were calculated in a water phantom and a portal water phantom. A field which is normally used for the validation of the step and shoot technique and a field from a realistic IMRT treatment plan delivered with dynamic MLC are investigated. To assess possible spectral changes caused by the modulation of beam intensity by an MLC, the energy spectra in five portal planes were calculated for moving slits of different widths. The extension of the MSM to 15 MV was validated by analysing energy fluences, depth doses and dose profiles. In addition, the MC-calculated primary energy spectrum was verified with an energy spectrum which was reconstructed from transmission measurements. MC-calculated dose profiles using the MSM for the step and shoot case and for the dynamic MLC case are in very good agreement with the measured data from film dosimetry. The investigation of a 13 cm wide field shows an increase in mean photon energy of up to 16% for the 0.25 cm slit compared to the open beam for 6 MV and of up to 6% for 15 MV, respectively. In conclusion, the MSM supplemented with the dynamic MLC has proven to be a powerful tool for investigational and benchmarking purposes or even for dose calculations in IMRT.
Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology

THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND INITIAL GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION ON THE FERMENTATION PROCESS IN THE PRESENCE OF Saccharomyces cerevisiae YEAST STRAIN IMMOBILIZED ON STARCH GELS BY REVERSED-FLOW GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY G. Ch. Lainioti a , J. Kapolos b , A. Koliadima a & G. Karaiskakis a a Department of Chemistry , University of Patras , Patras , Greece b Department of Food Technology , Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata , Kalamata , Greece Accepted author version posted online: 03 Apr 2012.Published online: 16 Aug 2012.
Pregnancy loss: spontaneous and induced abortions among young women in Lusaka, Zambia

An estimated 60% of all adolescent pregnancies in low-income countries are unintended. The present study was carried out at the university hospital in Lusaka, Zambia over a four-month period in 2005. The aim was to explore experiences of pregnancy loss and to ascertain the girl's contraceptive knowledge and use and their partner's involvement in the pregnancy/abortion. Eighty-seven girls aged 13–19 years admitted to hospital for incomplete abortions were interviewed. Of these girls, 53 (61%) had had a spontaneous abortion and 34 (39%) had undergone an unsafe induced abortion. Significantly more girls with an unsafe induced abortion were single, students, had completed more years in school and were in less stable relationships. Girls' overall contraceptive knowledge and use was low and most pregnancies were unplanned. Partners played a decisive role in terminating pregnancy through unsafe induced abortion. Traditional healers, girls themselves and health professionals were the main abortion providers. Young women's health risks due to unprotected sex and lack of contraceptive services should urgently be addressed. The existence of the abortion law and access to emergency contraception should be better publicized in Zambia.
Heat and particle transport of SOL and divertor plasmas in the W shaped divertor on JT-60U

The geometry effects of the W shaped divertor on the divertor plasma were investigated quantitatively. The ion flux was increased near the divertor strike point, which is effective for reducing the local electron temperature and decreasing the onset n̄e of divertor detachment. The plasma profile and parallel plasma flow in the scrape-off layer were systematically measured using reciprocating Mach probes installed at the midplane and the divertor X point. For the ion ∇B drift direction towards the divertor, `flow reversal' was observed at the midplane. A quantitative evaluation of the parallel plasma flow suggesting that the flow is produced in a torus to keep the pressure constant along the field lines was consistent with the measurements.
Optimized treatment planning for prostate cancer comparing IMPT, VHEET and 15 MV IMXT

The merits of intensity-modulated very-high energy electron therapy (VHEET) and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) in relation to intensity-modulated x-ray therapy (IMXT) with respect to the treatment of the prostate have been quantified. Optimized dose distributions were designed for 5–11 beams of 250 MeV VHEET and 15 MV IMXT as well as 1–9 beam ports of IMPT. In the case of the comparison between 250 MeV VHEET and 15 MV IMXT, it was found that the quality of target coverage achievable with VHEET was comparable to or sometimes better than that provided by IMXT. However, VHEET provided an improvement over IMXT in the dose sparing of the sensitive structures and normal tissues. Compared to IMXT, VHEET decreased the mean rectal dose and bladder dose by up to 10% of the prescribed target dose, while reducing by up to 12% of the prescribed target dose the integral dose to normal tissues. In quantifying the merits of IMPT relative to IMXT, it was found that using intensity-modulated proton beams for inverse planning instead of intensity-modulated photon beams improved target dose homogeneity by up to 1.3% of the prescribed target dose, while reducing the mean rectal dose, bladder dose, and normal tissue integral dose by up to 27%, 30% and 28% of the prescribed target dose respectively. The comparison of optimized planning for IMPT and VHEET showed that the quality of target coverage achievable with IMPT is comparable to or better (by up to 1.3% of the prescribed target dose) than that provided by VHEET. Compared to VHEET, IMPT delivered a mean rectal dose and a bladder dose that was lower by up to 17% and 23% of prescribed target dose respectively, and also reduced the integral dose to normal tissues by up to 17% of the prescribed target dose. These results indicate that of the three modalities the greatest dose escalation will be possible with IMPT, then VHEET, and then IMXT. It follows that IMPT will result in the highest probability of complication-free tumour control, while IMXT will provide the lowest probability.
The bimodal radio luminosity function of quasars.

Des observations VLA d'un echantillon de quasars selectionnes optiquement ont ete effectuees en choisissant l'echantillon de maniere a couvrir une grande etendue de luminosites optiques mais seulement une etendue etroite de redshifts, dans le but d'etudier directement la relation entre les luminosites radio et optiques. Les resultats montrent l'existence de 2 populations de quasars. Il n'apparait pas de correlation entre les luminosites radio et optiques pour les quasars a forte activite radio.
Galaxy correlations and the BAO in a void universe: structure formation as a test of the Copernican Principle

A suggested solution to the dark energy problem is the void model, where accelerated expansion is replaced by Hubble-scale inhomogeneity. In these models, density perturbations grow on a radially inhomogeneous background. This large scale inhomogeneity distorts the spherical Baryon Acoustic Oscillation feature into an ellipsoid which implies that the bump in the galaxy correlation function occurs at different scales in the radial and transverse correlation functions. We compute these for the first time, under the approximation that curvature gradients do not couple the scalar modes to vector and tensor modes. The radial and transverse correlation functions are very different from those of the concordance model, even when the models have the same average BAO scale. This implies that if void models are fine-tuned to satisfy average BAO data, there is enough extra information in the correlation functions to distinguish a void model from the concordance model. We expect these new features to remain when the full perturbation equations are solved, which means that the radial and transverse galaxy correlation functions can be used as a powerful test of the Copernican Principle.
Estrutura fitossociológica de uma área de cerradão em Canarana, Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i3.1625

Facing the intense fragmentation and the lack of studies in cerrado area, the present work shows a tree community structure of part of this phytophysiognomy in the Planalto Central region. All wood individuals that showed a diameter at ground level ≥ 5 cm were demarcated in ten plots of 20 x 50 m, composing a sample area of one hectare. A number of 2,496 individuals were registered, distributed in 95 species. The Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand species showed higher value of importance in the community, mainly due to its high density. The Shannon diversity (3.85) and the Pielou equability (0.84) indices were considered high and similar to others found in areas close to this study.
Testing the running of the cosmological constant with type Ia supernovae at high z

Within the quantum field theory context the idea of a `cosmological constant' (CC) evolving with time looks quite natural as it just reflects the change of the vacuum energy with the typical energy of the universe. In a particular frame that we have considered previously, a `running CC' at low energies may arise from generic quantum effects near the Planck scale, MP, provided there is a smooth decoupling of all massive particles below MP. In this work we further develop the cosmological consequences of a `running CC' by addressing the accelerated evolution of the universe within that model. The rate of change of the CC stays slow, without fine-tuning, and is comparable to H2MP2. It can be described by a single parameter, ν, that can be determined from already planned experiments using SNe Ia at high z. The range of allowed values for ν follows mainly from nucleosynthesis restrictions. Present samples of SNe Ia can not yet distinguish between a `constant' CC or a `running' one. The numerical simulations presented in this work show that SNAP can probe the predicted variation of the CC either ruling out this idea or confirming the evolution hereafter expected.
Equilibration of right-handed electrons

We study the equilibration of right-handed electrons in the symmetric phase of the Standard Model. Due to the smallness of the electron Yukawa coupling, it happens relatively late in the history of the Universe. We compute the equilibration rate at leading order in the Standard Model couplings, by including gauge interactions, the top Yukawa- and the Higgs self-interaction. The dominant contribution is due to 2 → 2 particle scattering, even though the rate of (inverse) Higgs decays is strongly enhanced by multiple soft scattering which is included by Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) resummation. Our numerical result is substantially larger than approximations presented in previous literature.
Production and Technology of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT): A state-of-the-art Report

Cross laminated timber (CLT) has been developed into a worldwide well-known and versatile building material. Progressive rates in production volume and distribution can be observed currently. In fact CLT opens new horizons in timber engineering thanks to its laminar structure which makes it well suited for use in constructions of that type which had been subject to mineral building materials like concrete and masonry so far.
Nonlinear actuation of smart composites using a coupled piezoelectric-mechanical model

A completely coupled piezoelectric-mechanical theory which includes nonlinear piezoelectric effects has been developed for composite plates with embedded or surface bonded actuators and sensors. A higher-order laminate theory is used to describe the displacement field in order to accurately capture the effects of transverse shear in moderately thick laminates. The coupling between the piezoelectric effect and the mechanical response allows for the mutual influence of multiple actuators and the transformation of energy between the electrical and the mechanical fields. A new fourth-order distribution of electric potential is used to develop an electrical model that is completely compatible with the assumed higher-order strain field. The behavior of actuators subjected to large electric fields is captured using the nonlinear piezoelectric-mechanical coupling terms. The resulting model shows good correlation with available experimental data.
Desempenho em confinamento, do desmame ao abate aos quatorze meses, de bovinos inteiros ou castrados, produzidos por vacas de dois anos

The objective of this work was to study the feedlot performance of Hereford, bulls or steers, produced by two years old cows, kept in feedtot during 193 days, from weaning to slaughter at fourteen months of age, reaching carcass weight of 205kg at slaughter. The roughage/concentrate ratio was reduced yadually, beginnig with 70/30 and ending with 40/60. The roughages used were sorghum silage, chopped sugar cane and oats hay. Bulls showed a higher average daily gain (1.23 vs 1.09 kg) and better food convertion (5.8 vs 6.8) than steers. The efficiency of converting Mcal of digestible energy into kilogram of weight gain, was also better for bull calves (16.0 vs 18.6 Mcal/kg). Consumption of dry matter and digestible energy, booth adjusted for metabolic size were 109. l vs 106.1 g and 299. l vs 291.2 Kcal for steers and bulls, respectively.
Genotyping and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Sequential Candida albicans Isolated from the Oral Cavity of HIV-Infected Individuals

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the genotypic profiles of C. albicans (Candida albicans) sequentially isolated throughout the course of HIV infections, and to determine its MIC (minimal inhibitory concentrations) to AMB (amphotericin B), FLC (fluconazole), KTC (ketoconazole), and ITC (itraconazole). Design: samples were collected from the oral cavity of HIV-positive individuals during 4 years, with a sterilized swab. MIC was performed by using the microdilution method AFST/EUCAST. The genetic similarities within and between sequential clones of C. albicans were assessed by DNA fingerprinting using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA technique. Results: A total of 142 oral samples were isolated from 59 HIV-infected individuals who attempted up to five visits each, with or without symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Profile analysis revealed that yeasts isolated over sequential visits from symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals showed 78% or 87% relatedness, respectively. The degree of similarity among C. albicans was higher for isolates from colonization than for those from infection. Genetically identical C. albicans samples also formed connected subclusters in sequential visits. In regard to susceptibility profile, all isolates were susceptible to AMB, FLC, KTC, and ITC and maintained this pattern all along, no differences in MICs of any given antifungal compound were observed for sequential C. albicans isolates. Conclusions: These data suggest that genotype and susceptibility to antifungal drugs were maintained over time in sequentially isolates of C. albicans colonization and a diverse evolutionary genetic trend in C. albicans sequentially isolated from the oral candidiasis of HIV infected individuals.
Accelerated expansion from structure formation

We discuss the physics of backreaction-driven accelerated expansion. Using the exact equations for the behaviour of averages in dust universes, we explain how large-scale smoothness does not imply that the effect of inhomogeneity and anisotropy on the expansion rate is small. We demonstrate with an analytical toy model how gravitational collapse can lead to acceleration. We find that the conjecture of the accelerated expansion being due to structure formation is in agreement with the general observational picture of structures in the universe, and more quantitative work is needed to make a detailed comparison.
A New Two Input-Single Output High Voltage Gain Converter With Ripple-Free Input Currents and Reduced Voltage on Semiconductors

In this paper, a new non-isolated two-input single-output dc–dc converter with high voltage gain is proposed. In the proposed converter, there are two three-winding coupled inductors used to achieve a high voltage gain and ripple-free input currents. The proposed converter has two switches, and their control pulses are the same as the control pulses of the two-phase interleaved converters with a phase shift equal to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{180}^{\circ} $</tex-math></inline-formula>. The voltage stresses of switches and diodes are reduced and are always lower than the high output voltage. The proposed converter is extendable to a four-input single-output converter in which the switches have the control pulses the same as those in four-phase converters with phase shifts equal to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{90}^{\circ} $</tex-math></inline-formula>. In this paper, the proposed topology is analyzed in all operating modes, and the values of current and voltage stresses of all switches and diodes, voltage gain, and required conditions for input current ripple cancelation are calculated during a switching period. Finally, the accuracy performance of the proposed converter is reconfirmed through experimental results for 225- and 298-W prototypes.