Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Antibodies in Norm and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known as a systemic polyethiologic diffuse autoimmune disease characterized by connective tissue disorganization and the paramount damage of skin and visceral capillaries. Usually, SLE symptoms include high fever, hair loss, mouth ulcers, chest pain, swollen lymph nodes, painful and swollen joints, increased fatigue, and appearance of red rash more often on the face. The exact reason of SLE appearance is not really clear. Detection of catalytic Abs (abzymes) was shown to be the earliest indicator of different AI disease development. Some abzymes are cytotoxic and can play a dangerous negative role in the pathogenesis of AI diseases. SLE is characterized by the appearance of abzymes with several different catalytic functions including hydrolysis of peptides and proteins, DNA, RNA, and oligosaccharides. In addition, monoclonal SLE abzymes are characterized by extraordinary diversity in the affinity to the substrates, physicochemical and catalytic characteristics, optimal conditions of catalysis, cytotoxicity, etc. Production of abzymes in SLE mice is associated with changes in the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow, increase in lymphocyte proliferation, and significant suppression of cell apoptosis in different organs. In this chapter, abzymes with different catalytic activities in SLE are described.
Teachers’ Perception of Letter Grading System and Its Challenges a Qualitative Study in Vyas Municipality of Tanahun

This article has been written on the issues of teachers’ perception of the Letter Grading System (LGS) and its challenges in the context of Vyas Municipality of Tanahun along the current academic years of 2020. Its purpose is to explore the teachers’ perception of LGS and identify how to face the major challenges of it. This study is based on phenomenological design and preferred to social constructivism on the concern of postmodernism. I employ purposeful sampling methods and use a tool of a semi-structured interview protocol for data collection. Basically, the teachers’ experience is found about the LGS that is positively relevant, applicable, enthusiastic, and appropriate for challenging the education system in Nepal. However, students and their parents’ perceptions are being simply ensuing liberal promotion policy with an upgrade to their child without any obstructions. Thus, there is a gap between the practices of the evaluation procedure and the perception of teachers about the LGS for getting betterment of students ‘output. As I explore, the LGS has measured the student’s competency and cognitive domain on the basis of nine progressive scales in regard to their providing performance opportunity. At last but not least, through the opinion of experience teacher, I conclude that LGS has, however, biased less, accountable, fruitful, and merit-based measuring tools of evaluation in the field of education without incorporated non-standardized tests in school evaluation at present. If possible, to incorporate non-testing devices as assignment, LGS has far better in evaluation procedure in school evaluation system in modern times.
When invasion may not be harmful: niche relations in a lizard assemblage

Some studies have suggested that non‐native species invasions may threaten local diversity by creating homogenized environments. However, many studies have been based on limited or anecdotal data, and/or have failed to consider the influence of habitat modification together with possible influences of non‐native species on native ones. Hemidactylus mabouia (Squamata, Gekkonidae) likely invaded natural environments in Brazil hundreds of years ago. Yet, little is known about whether it affects native lizard fauna. We tested whether H. mabouia negatively influences native lizard species richness and abundance on a regional scale and locally through niche overlap. We analyzed species abundance and richness of nine lizard assemblages, in five of which H. mabouia occurred. We evaluated niche overlap of species in a lizard assemblage with high H. mabouia abundance through null models. Niche axes included spatial use, temporal activity and diet. Although species abundance did not differ among sites with and without the invasive species, the presence of H. mabouia seems constrained to the richer assemblages sampled. We observed significantly higher niche overlap in spatial (ɸobs = 0.63; ɸexp = 0.37; Pobs ≥ Pexp = 0.0002) and trophic axes (ɸobs = 0.46; ɸexp = 0.17; Pobs ≥ Pexp < 0.001), but not in activity. When we considered all axes (three‐dimensional niche), there was no overlapping among the lizard species. Our findings did not support the hypothesis that this non‐native species negatively influences other sympatric lizard species.
Future Precipitation-Driven Meteorological Drought Changes in the CMIP5 Multimodel Ensembles under 1.5°C and 2°C Global Warming

Anthropogenic forcing is anticipated to increase the magnitude and frequency of precipitation-induced extremes such as the increase in drought risks. However, the model-projected future changes in global droughts remain largely uncertain, particularly in the context of the Paris Agreement targets. Here, by using the standardized precipitation index (SPI), we present a multiscale global assessment of the precipitation-driven meteorological drought characteristics at the 1.5° and 2°C warming levels based on 28 CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs) under three representative concentration pathways scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). The results show large uncertainties in the timing reaching 1.5° and 2°C warming and the changes in drought characteristics among GCMs, especially at longer time scales and under higher RCP scenarios. The multi-GCM ensemble mean projects a general increase in drought frequency (Df) and area (Da) over North America, Europe, and northern Asia at both 1.5° and 2°C of global warming. The additional 0.5°C warming from 1.5° to 2°C is expected to result in a trend toward wetter climatic conditions for most global regions (e.g., North America, Europe, northern Asia, and northern Africa) due to the continuing increase in precipitation under the more intensified 2°C warming. In contrast, the increase in Df is projected only in some parts of southwest Asia, South America, southern Africa, and Australia. Our results highlight the need to consider multiple GCMs in drought projection studies under the context of the Paris Agreement targets to account for large model-dependent uncertainties.
Gaia DR2 giants in the Galactic dust – I. Reddening across the whole dust layer and some properties of the giant clump

We consider a complete sample of 101810 giants with Gaia DR2 parallaxes $\varpi$ within the red clump domain of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram in the space cylinder with a radius of 700 pc around the Sun and a height of $|Z|=1800$ pc. We use the Gaia DR2 $G_\mathrm{BP}$, $G_\mathrm{RP}$ and WISE $W3$ photometry. We describe the spatial variations of the modes of the observables $G_\mathrm{BP}-G_\mathrm{RP}$, $G_\mathrm{RP}-W3$, $G_\mathrm{BP}+5+5\,\log_{10}\varpi$, $G_\mathrm{RP}+5+5\,\log_{10}\varpi$, and $W3+5+5\,\log_{10}\varpi$ by extinction and reddening in combination with linear vertical gradients of the intrinsic colours and absolute magnitudes of the red giant clump. The derived clump median absolute magnitude in $W3$ agrees with its recent literature estimates. The clump median intrinsic colours and absolute magnitudes in $G_\mathrm{BP}$ and $G_\mathrm{RP}$ are derived for the first time at a precision level of 0.01 mag. We confirm the reliability of the derived clump absolute magnitudes, intrinsic colours, and their vertical gradients by comparing them with the theoretical predictions from PARSEC, MIST and BaSTI isochrones. This leads us to the median age and [Fe/H] of the clump within $|Z|<1.7$ kpc from the Galactic mid-plane as $(2.3\pm0.5)+(3.2\pm1.6)\,|Z|$ Gyr and $(-0.08\pm0.08)-(0.16\pm0.07)\,|Z|$ dex, respectively, where $Z$ is expressed in kpc. These results agree with recent empirical and theoretical estimates. Moreover, all the models give similar age-metallicity relations by use of our results in the optical range. The derived extinctions and reddenings across the whole dust half-layer below or above the Sun converge to the reddening $E(B-V)=0.06$ mag by use of the most reliable extinction laws.
Phylogenetic Position of the Western Bangladesh Populations of Weaver Ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The weaver ant genus Oecophylla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) has two broadly distributed species: O. smaragdina and O. longinoda. Both species are distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa, respectively. Their colonies are arboreal, large and polydomous in nature. Workers show polymorphic characters with diversified organizing behavior in the colony. They are aggressive and well known for their predatory behavior (Hölldobler & Wilson, 1977). Weaver ants form their nest in the tree canopy by their unique nest building behavior. Workers construct pendulous bag-like nests from cluster of green leaves which are bound together with silk produced by their mature larvae (Chapuisat & Keller, 2002). Oecophylla ants are hosts to a variety of inquilines, such as spiders, which mimic the colony odor to escape detection (Schlüns et al., 2009). Oecophylla smaragdina and O. longinoda are very similar in morphology and behavior Abstract The weaver ant species, Oecophylla smaragdina is distributed from India through Southeast Asia to Northern Australia including many tropical Western Pacific Islands. A recent phylogenetic study of O. smaragdina revealed the central Bangladesh population as belonging to the Southeast Asian mainland clade despite of its geographical proximity to India. However, the Bangladeshi analyzed sample was limited to a single site and the geographical border between Indian and Southeast Asian groups has not been presented. In this study, 19 samples collected from western parts of Bangladesh have been used to infer the phylogenetic position. A total of 20 O. smaragdina colonies were sampled from Bangladesh during 2013 to 2014. Their haplotype and phylogenetic relationships were determined by analyzing 2 mitochondrial loci: Cytochrome b (Cytb) consisting of 606 bp and Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) consisting of 775 bp. Bayesian analysis inferred that the western parts of Bangladesh were occupied by mitochondrial haplotype usually found in India, which is recorded first time in the country. The present study revealed that, both the Indian and Southeast Asian mitochondrial haplotypes were occurred on either side of Ganges river. Sociobiology An international journal on social insects
The role of microvascular endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of emphysema

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ i Table of contents _________________________________________________________________________________ ii Acknowledgements ____________________________________________________________________________ viii Abbreviations ______________________________________________________________________________________ x List of Figures ___________________________________________________________________________________ xiv List of Tables ___________________________________________________________________________________ xviii Chapter 1: Introduction _________________________________________________________________________ 1 1.1 COPD: Background _________________________________________________________________________ 1 1.2 Normal lung structure and function _____________________________________________________ 2 1.3 COPD: clinical and pathological findings _______________________________________________ 3 1.4 Emphysema _________________________________________________________________________________ 4 1.5 Bronchiolitis and small airways disease _______________________________________________ 4 1.6 Heterogeneity in COPD ____________________________________________________________________ 5 1.7 Classical hypothesis of COPD: Inflammation and Protease/ Antiprotease imbalance ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 1.8 Alternative Hypothesis of COPD: The role of the microvasculature________________ 6 1.9 Lung development _________________________________________________________________________ 7 1.10Endothelial cells and the alveolar interface __________________________________________ 8 1.11VEGF and the Lung ______________________________________________________________________ 10 1.12 Apoptosis ________________________________________________________________________________ 12
Study on Haemato-Biochemical Alterations occurred in Fasciola spp. infected Buffaloes

Aim: This study was performed to unmask the haematological and biochemical alterations occurred in blood and serum of infected buffaloes, respectively. Material & Method: A total of 100 blood and serum samples were collected from infected as well as non-infected buffaloes during the ante-mortem examination. Animals were bled from the jugular vein into 10ml vacutainer tubes containing EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) for the estimation of various haematological parameters and 10 ml blood collected in serum clot activator tube to study biochemical parameters. Result: The infected buffaloes showed a significant reduction in the mean Hb, PCV, and lymphocyte and increased TLC, neutrophil and eosinophil. The monocytes level decreased and basophils levels increased non-significantly in infected buffaloes. In the biochemical profile significantly reduction in the values of total serum protein, total albumin and A:G ratioand increased in AST/ SGOT, total globulin, ALT/ SGPT, acid phosphatase (ACPase), alkaline phosphatase (AKPase) and total bilirubin level reported. Conclusion: Based on the results we got during study it can be conclude that Fasciola spp. infection cause heavy liver and muscle damage and cause heavy loss of blood from the body.
Serving as a Charitable Trustee in England and Wales: Trends in Volunteering by Birth Cohort

This article examines trends over time in the propensity to volunteer as a charitable trustee in England and Wales. It makes use of unique, newly available administrative data. The results show sizeable, progressive and extensive declines in trusteeship by birth cohort: compared to the 1945 birth cohort, more recent cohorts through to 1980 show successively lower propensities to volunteer. These results represent the strongest empirical evidence to date in support of sociological theory which argues that the nature of volunteering is changing, with a reduction in a ‘collective’ style of volunteering characterised by long-term, regular and intensive commitment. The results also highlight a key challenge for policy: to sustain the voluntary work of trustee boards – which lies at the ‘heart’ of what it means to be a charity – in the context of sizeable cohort declines in the propensity to serve.
The evolution of ageing : concepts, causation and calculus

The evolution of ageing is a field flush with misconceptions, misunderstandings, and hiatuses. In this thesis I address the most important misunderstanding and misconceptions, and develop new theory to fill the gaps. This work directly leads to the restatement of the central question in the evolutionary theory of ageing. Rather than evaluating evolutionary forces in models that are at best weakly rooted in (patho-) physiological mechanisms, usually phrased in terms of ‘age-specific genes’ that are not further specified, as is the current practice, the most pressing question becomes why an organism cannot, or does not, do in itself what it is perfectly capable of doing outside itself in the form of reproduction, namely producing a perfectly healthy ‘young’ organism. Evolutionary forces cannot answer this question. If anything, this is a mechanistic question. I suggest investigating ‘the evolution of unretainability’: why and how has our form of life evolved, in which it is mechanistically impossible to bring ageing to a halt, and what are the responsible mechanistic constraints?
Differential Expression of Growth Genes in the Liver and White Muscle of Small and Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Produced in Two Seasons and Co-localization with Quantitative Trait Loci

Differential Expression of Growth Genes in the Liver and White Muscle of Small and Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Produced in Two Seasons and Colocalization with Quantitative Trait Loci Andrea L. Kocmarek Advisors: University of Guelph, 2014 Dr. R.G. Danzmann Dr. M.M. Ferguson To increase our understanding of the genetics controlling growth in rainbow trout, gene expression in the liver and white muscle of large and small rainbow trout was investigated using a 44K gene microarray. Three half-sibling families were created from genotypically normal September and December spawning males (Sept. and Dec. XY) and a September spawning neomale (Sept. XX). A quantitative trait loci (QTL) study with 11 linkage groups previously identified as containing growth QTL was conducted on the same families. The Dec. XY fish were larger than the Sept. XY fish and seasonal differences in gene expression were detected in the white muscle. Changes in thermal growth coefficients indicate that at the time of sampling the Dec. fish were entering a period of increased growth and the Sept. fish were entering a period of decreased growth. In the muscle genes were consistently expressed across seasons, but few genes were expressed across seasons in liver, indicating that muscle-specific genes are better predictors of growth differences. These data also indicate that sampling season needs to be considered when interpreting gene expression studies. No significant differences in the average weight or length and similar gene expression profiles were observed when the Sept XX male’s all-female offspring were compared to the mixed-sex offspring of the Sept. XY male. Some expression differences were seen in the muscle of the small all-female and mixed sex offspring. Weight and length QTL were detected on 6 of the 11 linkage groups tested in the three families. These QTL co-localized with a significant proportion of differentially expressed genes. In the mixed sex offspring of the Sept. XY and Dec. XY male, the genes co-localizing to the detected QTL were primarily expressed in the muscle of the large fish and were associated with energy usage and the stress response. Conversely, in the all-female fish the majority of genes colocalizing to QTL regions were associated with increased energy usage in the liver of the small fish. This suggests different sets of genes may be controlling growth in mixed sex and all-female fish.
Is value premium sector-specific? Evidence from India

PurposeThis paper is an attempt to explore the fact that whether the literature-promised value premium has any sector orientation. The paper tests the relationship between the value premium and Indian sectors: fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), financials, healthcare, information technology (IT), manufacturing and miscellaneous.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyses around 210–480 companies listed on BSE-500 for the period of the recent 18 years ranging from March 1999 to March 2017. The paper employed Welch's ANOVA to examine whether the price-to-book market ratio is significantly different across sectors. Two prominent asset pricing models – single factor market model and Fama–French three-factor model – were used to examine the existence of value premium within sectors for full period and two sub-periods.FindingsThe empirical results of the paper suggest that the difference in the P/B ratio both between sectors and within sectors is statistically significant. The results further suggest that the value premium exists within the sectors irrespective of their value-growth orientation.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is not free from certain limitations. Firstly, due to the non-availability of data in the public domain, the time period before 1999 could not be considered. Secondly, the study has used data pertaining to the Indian stock market only. To add to it, our study has concentrated on BSE-500 companies only; however, the future researchers can include both NSE and BSE companies.Practical implicationsThe paper has important implications for portfolio managers and retail investors following a top-down approach of investing. The portfolio manager can strategically build up the portfolios to concentrate more on the companies belonging to sectors like healthcare, manufacturing and FMCG. Investors following the top-down approach should avoid the underperforming growth stocks belonging to the growth sectors and allocate their funds to value stocks in the growth sector.Originality/valueThe paper is first of its kind to study the relationship between the value premium and Indian sectors. The paper contributes to portfolio management and asset pricing literature for an emerging market.
Recent progress in the piezoelectricity of molecular ferroelectrics

Molecular ferroelectrics (MOFEs) with excellent piezoelectricity are highly desirable for their easy and environmentally friendly processing, light weight, low processing temperature, and mechanical flexibility. However, although 100 years have passed since the discovery of the ferroelectric effect in 1920, MOFEs with a piezoelectric coefficient comparable to those of the most widely used piezoelectric ceramics, such as barium titanate (∼190 pC N−1), have rarely been found. Only in recent years has this situation changed. A series of high-performance piezoelectric MOFEs have been designed and synthesized, approaching or even exceeding some inorganic piezoelectric ceramics. Reviewing on the basis of piezoelectric MOFEs reported, we summarize several methods and strategies to synthesize performance-enhanced and application-aimed piezoelectric MOFEs, with potential as candidates for next-generation medical, micromechanical, and biomechanical devices.
Hymenolepiasis in Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) With Its Zoonotic Potential in Mymensingh District of Bangladesh

Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta are globally widespread zoonotic cestodes and rats act as main reservoir host of these cestodes. Wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are the most common rats usually live in human’s dwellings, especially in areas of low socioeconomic status and low levels of hygiene practices. Since there is scarcity of information of the hymenolepiasis in rats in Bangladesh, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of H. nana and H. diminuta in wild and laboratory rats. A total of 60 rats were collected from the residential areas of rural villages of Mymensingh sadar and the Bangladesh Agricultural University campus and 10 were from the laboratory of the Department of Parasitology, BAU, Mymensingh. The rats were killed by cardiac puncture and tapeworms were collected and subsequently were subjected for morphological study under the stereomicroscope. Two species of cestodes, namely H. nana and H. diminuta were detected showing the overall prevalence of 23.3 % and 35 % respectively. The high prevalence of H. nana (30%) was determined in rats captured from the rural village areas whereas H. diminuta was found more prevalent (60%) in the laboratory rats. The result of the current study suggests that H. nana infection in rural village areas may act as a risk factor for the zoonotic transmission of hymenolepiasis to human in Bangladesh. Res. Agric. , Livest. Fish.7(2): 255-259, August 2020