Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Various Fungal Strains from Agricultural Soil Contaminated with Pesticides

Twenty three soil samples were characterized for the incidence of fungal strains from pesticides contaminated agricultural soils. A total of 59 fungal strains were isolated and 33 fungi were characterized using various isolation and identification methods. Soil samples were also characterized for physiochemical properties. The isolated fungal strains were successfully identified belonging to the phylum ascomycota (7 genera), deuteromycota (2) and zygomycota (1). Alternaria, Aspergillus, Drechslera and Fusarium were predominant genera. Curvularia, Exserohilum, Humicola, Rhizopus and Torula were the most frequently isolated genera. Rests of the strains were not identified owing to the lack of sporulating structures under presently used incubation conditions. Such strains were designated as Mycelia sterilia. Further, these species will be used in biodegradation of commonly used pesticides.
Arabinogalactan-Proteins: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function

INTRODUCTION . DISTRIBUTION AND STRUCTURE OF ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEINS AND ARABINOGALACTANS . Distribution . Structures of AGs and AGPs . COMPLEXING OF AGPs WITH ARTIFICIAL CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGENS, LECTINS, AND ANTISERA . AGP-Artificial Carbohydrate Antigen Interactions . AGP-Lectin Interactions . AGP-Antisera Interactions . CELL WALL GL YCOPROTEINS AND LECTINS OF THE SOLANACEAE . Isolation . Composition . Structure . BIOSYNTHESIS OF AGPs . Peptidyl-Proline Hydroxylation . In vitro Synthesis of the Protein Precursor of the Cell Wall Glycoprotein . Biosynthesis of AG Polysaccharide . SUbcellular Location of AGP Biosynthesis . Turnover of AGPs . FUNCTION . Potential for Specific Interactions . ��':-li:z'Jf�:(! :;:�� . :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Analogy with Animal Glycosaminoglycans . CONCLUSIONS .
Phase-Matching Quantum Cryptographic Conferencing

Quantum cryptographic conferencing (QCC) holds promise for distributing information-theoretic secure keys among multiple users over long distance. Limited by the fragility of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, QCC networks based on directly distributing GHZ states at long distance still face big challenge. Another two potential approaches are measurement device independent QCC and conference key agreement with single-photon interference, which was proposed based on the post-selection of GHZ states and the post-selection of W state, respectively. However, implementations of the former protocol are still heavily constrained by the transmission rate $\eta$ of optical channels and the complexity of the setups for post-selecting GHZ states. Meanwhile, the latter protocol cannot be cast to a measurement device independent prepare-and-measure scheme. Combining the idea of post-selecting GHZ state and recently proposed twin-field quantum key distribution protocols, we report a QCC protocol based on weak coherent state interferences named phase-matching quantum cryptographic conferencing, which is immune to all detector side-channel attacks. The proposed protocol can improve the key generation rate from $\mathrm{O}(\eta^N)$ to $\mathrm{O}(\eta^{N-1})$ compared with the measurement device independent QCC protocols. Meanwhile, it can be easily scaled up to multiple parties due to its simple setup.
Observations of V404 Cygni during the 2015 outburst by the Nasu telescope array at 1.4 GHz

Waseda University Nasu telescope array is a spatial fast Fourier transform interferometer consisting of eight linearly aligned antennas with 20 m spherical dishes. This type of interferometer was developed to survey transient radio sources with an angular resolution as high as that of a 160 m dish and a field of view as wide as that of a 20 m dish. We have been performing drift-scan-mode observations, in which the telescope scans the sky around a selected declination as the Earth rotates. The black hole X-ray binary V404 Cygni underwent a new outburst in 2015 June after a quiescent period of 26 yr. Because of the interest in black hole binaries, a considerable amount of data on this outburst at all wavelengths was accumulated. Using the above telescope, we had been monitoring V404 Cygni daily from one month before the X-ray outburst, and two radio flares at 1.4 GHz were detected on 2015 June 21.73 and June 26.71. The flux density and timescale of the flares were 313 ± 30 mJy and 1.50 ± 0.49 d, 364 ± 30 mJy and 1.70 ± 0.16 d, respectively. We also confirmed the extreme variation of the radio spectra within a short period by collecting other radio data observed with several radio telescopes. Such spectral behavior is considered to reflect the change in the opacity of the ejected blobs associated with these extreme activities in radio and X-ray. Our 1.4 GHz radio data are expected to be helpful for studying the physics of the accretion and ejection phenomena around black holes.
Understanding Deep Architectures with Reasoning Layer

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in combining deep learning models with reasoning in order to handle more sophisticated learning tasks. In many cases, a reasoning task can be solved by an iterative algorithm. This algorithm is often unrolled, and used as a specialized layer in the deep architecture, which can be trained end-to-end with other neural components. Although such hybrid deep architectures have led to many empirical successes, the theoretical foundation of such architectures, especially the interplay between algorithm layers and other neural layers, remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we take an initial step towards an understanding of such hybrid deep architectures by showing that properties of the algorithm layers, such as convergence, stability, and sensitivity, are intimately related to the approximation and generalization abilities of the end-to-end model. Furthermore, our analysis matches closely our experimental observations under various conditions, suggesting that our theory can provide useful guidelines for designing deep architectures with reasoning layers.
FOOD-HANDLING ABILITY AND FEEDING-CYCLE LENGTH OF MANATEES FEEDING ON SEVERAL SPECIES OF AQUATIC PLANTS

Abstract Food-handling ability was examined in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) feeding on different species of aquatic plants during controlled feeding trials. Subjects were presented with freshwater (Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Vallisneria americana) and marine species (Syringodium filiforme and Thalassia testudinum) of aquatic plants. Food handling was quantified by measuring length of cyclic movements (or feeding cycles) of perioral bristles that manatees use to introduce food into the mouth. Mean feeding-cycle lengths varied, depending on body size of the subject and species of plant being consumed. Rates of food introduction derived from mean feeding-cycle lengths were similar to chewing rates reported by other researchers. Manatees consumed plants with tubular stems and numerous branches faster than plants with flat blades. Food-handling time using perioral bristles differed, depending on the species of plants consumed and was reflected in the mean feeding-cycle length.
Crossover in the dynamical critical exponent of a quenched two-dimensional Bose gas

We study the phase ordering dynamics of a uniform Bose gas in two dimensions following a quench into the ordered phase. Within the classical field methodology, we perform numerical simulations exploring the crossover between dissipative and conservative evolution. Regardless of the dissipation strength, we find clear evidence for universal scaling, with dynamical critical exponent $z$ characterising the growth of the correlation length. In the dissipative limit we find growth consistent with the logarithmically corrected law $[t/\log(t/t_0)]^{1/z}$, and exponent $z=2$, in agreement with previous studies. For decreasing dissipation we observe a smooth crossover to the conservative limit, where we find strong numerical evidence for the expected growth law $t^{1/z}$, but with anomalously low exponent $z \approx 1.7$. We show that this lower exponent may be attributable to a power-law vortex mobility arising from vortex-sound interactions.
Large-scale detection and categorization of oil spills from SAR images with deep learning

We propose a deep-learning framework to detect and categorize oil spills in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images at a large scale. Through a carefully designed neural network model for image segmentation trained on an extensive dataset, we obtain state-of-the-art performance in oil spill detection, achieving results that are comparable to results produced by human operators. We also introduce a classification task, which is novel in the context of oil spill detection in SAR. Specifically, after being detected, each oil spill is also classified according to different categories of its shape and texture characteristics. The classification results provide valuable insights for improving the design of services for oil spill monitoring by world-leading providers. Finally, we present our operational pipeline and a visualization tool for large-scale data, which allows detection and analysis of the historical occurrence of oil spills worldwide.
Ultrastructure of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla. I. Shoots Cultivated in Vitro in Multiplication and Elongation‐Rooting Media

Structural changes of the leaf blade of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla shoots from multiplication and elongation‐rooting (E‐R) steps of in vitro cultures were analyzed by electron microscopy and morphometry. Normal and hyperhydric shoots were produced in a multiplication medium, while only normal plants were transferred to an E‐R medium. In both plant types, the wax deposit and cuticle layers were thin, indicating that they did not play the main role in avoiding water loss. In contrast to normal shoots, the hyperhydric types were characterized by a decline in the number of stomata on the adaxial surface and an enlargement of palisade cells. At the ultrastructural level, the hyperhydric shoots showed chloroplasts with small grana, absence of starch grains, and a higher density of rough endoplasmic reticulum, indicating that their metabolic activity is higher than in normal shoots. In E‐R‐medium‐derived plants, the stomata were sometimes localized in protrusions and were unable to close. However, they were not ultrastructurally altered. In palisade cells of E‐R‐medium‐produced leaves, the peroxisomes increased in number and size; this increase was related to chloroplast enlargement. These observations were thought to be involved in the higher photosynthetic capacity and the increase in metabolic activity required for leaf expansion during root formation. The adaptation of E. \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$grandis\times E$$ \end{document} . urophylla to multiplication and E‐R steps of in vitro cultures leads to ultrastructural changes, indicating that the metabolic activity of hyperhydric and rooted plants was higher than in normal plantlets produced in multiplication medium.
A superconducting praseodymium nickelate with infinite layer structure.

A variety of nickel oxide compounds have long been studied for their manifestation of various correlated electron phenomena. Recently, superconductivity was observed in nanoscale infinite layer nickelate thin films of Nd0.8Sr0. 2NiO2, epitaxially stabilized on SrTiO3 substrates via topotactic reduction from the perovskite precursor phase. Here we present the synthesis and properties of PrNiO2 thin films on SrTiO3. Upon doping in Pr0.8Sr0. 2NiO2, we observe superconductivity with a transition temperature of 7-12 K, and robust critical current density at 2 K of 334 kA/cm2. These findings indicate that superconductivity in the infinite layer nickelates is relatively insensitive to the details of the rare earth 4f configuration. Furthermore, they motivate the exploration of a broader family of compounds based on two-dimensional NiO2 planes, which will enable systematic investigation of the superconducting and normal state properties and their underlying mechanisms.
Impact of Vermicompost on Growth and Development of Cabbage, Brassica oleracea Linn. and their Sucking Pest, Brevicoryne brassicae Linn. (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Aim of the present study was to produce vermicompost from organic solid wastes by using red earth worm, Eisenia fetida and to check growth promoting and pest suppression properties on cabbage, Brassica oleracea. The mass of 100 kg of various organic waste sources were collected from Gondar and used to prepare vermicompost. The vermicompost was prepared in the month of June-August 2011 and tested on cabbage, B. oleracea from October 2011 to February 2012. Vermicompost was applied at the rate of 25, 50, 100 and 200 gm/plant individually. Each application 10 plants were selected and vermicompost application was continued on bimonthly basis. Totally 40 plants were used for control group in which 10 plants were selected randomly. Total number of leaves per plant; leaf length and width; plant stand height and root length; cabbage head round distance and weight and aphid population built-up were the parameters studied in experimental and control cabbage plants. Significant differences (p<0.05; LSD) were observed in the growth and development and pest infestation level between vermicompost applied and control plants. The number of plant stand height, cabbage head, leaves of cabbage were also significantly different (p<0.05; LSD) in experimental cabbage compared to control. Maximum number of cabbage plant was infested by aphid in control than experimental groups. In conclusion vermicompost have significant impact on cabbage growth promotion and reduce the aphid infestation. In future using vermicompost to all kinds of crops and adopting it as commercial fertilizer may create job opportunity to small scale farming society. Also, in this ever escalating cost of chemical fertilizers, the use of vermicompost seems to be quite reasonable in agro-management and should be inclusive as one of the elements of poverty alleviation strategies in such as Ethiopian context.
Semianalytic Expressions for the Isolation and Coupling of Mixed Modes

In the oscillation spectra of giant stars, nonradial modes may be seen to undergo avoided crossings, which produce a characteristic “mode bumping” of the otherwise uniform asymptotic p- and g-mode patterns in their respective echelle diagrams. Avoided crossings evolve very quickly relative to typical observational errors and are therefore extremely useful in determining precise ages of stars, particularly in subgiants. This phenomenon is caused by coupling between modes in the p- and g-mode cavities that are near resonance with each other. Most theoretical analyses of the coupling between these mode cavities rely on the Jeffreys–Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approach, which is strictly speaking inapplicable to the low-order g modes observed in subgiants or the low-order p modes seen in very evolved red giants. We present both a nonasymptotic prescription for isolating the two mode cavities, as well as a perturbative (and also nonasymptotic) description of the coupling between them, which we show to hold good for the low-order g and p modes in these physical situations. Finally, we discuss how these results may be applied to modeling subgiant stars and determining their global properties from oscillation frequencies. We also make our code for all of these computations publicly available.
Preliminary Analysis of Home Range Structure in the Komodo Monitor, Varanus Komodoensis

Abstract We conducted a radio-telemetric study to assess home range size and structure in the Komodo monitor, Varanus komodoensis, using minimum convex polygon (MCP) and kernel statistics. Home ranges calculated by MCP varied from 278 ha to 530 ha, while areas covered by 100% kernel contours ranged from 170 ha to 390 ha. We suggest that these areas probably represent only part of the entire home range of V. komodoensis. Locations recorded during long excursions of up to 5,500 m accounted for most of the difference observed between MCP and kernel-based methods. Home ranges showed different partitioning of core areas of most intensive use, which covered up to 29.5% of kernel utilization distribution and 56% of MCPs. Our results provide preliminary data to develop comprehensive studies on space use patterns of the Komodo monitor as part of management and conservation initiatives for Komodo monitors in Komodo National Park and the island of Flores, southeast Indonesia.
Dynamic of Stochastic Gradient Descent with State-Dependent Noise

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants are mainstream methods to train deep neural networks. Since neural networks are non-convex, more and more works study the dynamic behavior of SGD and the impact to its generalization, especially the escaping efficiency from local minima. However, these works take the over-simplified assumption that the covariance of the noise in SGD is (or can be upper bounded by) constant, although it is actually state-dependent. In this work, we conduct a formal study on the dynamic behavior of SGD with state-dependent noise. Specifically, we show that the covariance of the noise of SGD in the local region of the local minima is a quadratic function of the state. Thus, we propose a novel power-law dynamic with state-dependent diffusion to approximate the dynamic of SGD. We prove that, power-law dynamic can escape from sharp minima exponentially faster than flat minima, while the previous dynamics can only escape sharp minima polynomially faster than flat minima. Our experiments well verified our theoretical results. Inspired by our theory, we propose to add additional state-dependent noise into (large-batch) SGD to further improve its generalization ability. Experiments verify that our method is effective.
The aggregates stability indicator to evaluate soil spatiotemporal change in a tropical dry ecosystem

In this work, aggregate stability was evaluated as a quality indicator in soils of tropi- cal dry deciduous forests (TDF) with relation to land use, the sampling position in the hillslope and the sampling season. The study was done on a representative morpho-edaphological unit of the tropical dry ecosystems (hillslope on granite with eutric regosol) on the coast of the state of Jalisco, Mexico. The evaluated soil ag- gregation indexes were: Aggregate stability index (ASI)test, maximum stability, minimum stability, relative index of variability, and the index of quality of aggrega- tion change. These indexes showed differences in soil aggregation resulting from changes in land use (conserved TDF, grazed TDF, and cultivated pasture). The in- dexes showed that there is greater stability of the aggregates during the rainy season than in the dry season; as well as in the higher part of the slope than in the lower one. The relationship of the edaphic properties with the ASItest indicator was mainly with radical volume, and less so with exchangeable bases (calcium and magnesium), clay, and organic carbon. The proposed soil aggregation indexes allowed monitoring spatiotemporal changes in soil structure.
Limits on the Spin–Orbit Angle and Atmospheric Escape for the 22 Myr Old Planet AU Mic b

We obtained spectra of the pre-main-sequence star AU Microscopii during a transit of its Neptune-sized planet to investigate its orbit and atmosphere. We used the high-dispersion near-infrared spectrograph InfraRed Doppler (IRD) on the Subaru telescope to detect the Doppler “shadow” from the planet and constrain the projected stellar obliquity. Modeling of the observed planetary Doppler shadow suggests a spin–orbit alignment of the system ( deg), but additional observations are needed to confirm this finding. We use both the IRD data and spectra obtained with NIRSPEC on Keck II to search for absorption in the 1083 nm line of metastable triplet He i by the planet’s atmosphere and place an upper limit for the equivalent width of 3.7 mÅ at 99% confidence. With this limit and a Parker wind model we constrain the escape rate from the atmosphere to M⊕ Gyr−1, comparable to the rates predicted by an X-ray and ultraviolet energy-limited escape calculation and hydrodynamic models, but refinement of the planet mass is needed for rigorous tests.
Thermal Response of Dielectric Nanoparticle-Infused Tissue Phantoms During Microwave-Assisted Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia has been in use for many years; as a potential alternative modality for cancer treatment. In this paper, an experimental investigation of microwave assisted thermal heating (MWATH) of tissue phantom using a domestic microwave oven has been reported. Computer simulations using finite element method based tools was also carried out to support the experimental observations and probe insight on the thermal transport aspects deep within the tissue phantom. A good agreement between predicted and measured temperature were achieved. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of dielectric nanoparticles viz. alumina (Al2O3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) during the MWATH of nanoparticle infused tumor phantoms. A deep seated tumor injected with nanoparticle solution was specifically mimicked in the experiments. Interesting results were obtained in terms of spatiotemporal thermal history of the nanoparticle infused tissue phantoms. An elevation in the temperature distribution was achieved in the vicinity of the targeted zone due to the presence of nanoparticles, and the spatial distribution of temperature was grossly morphed. We conclusively show, using experiments and simulations that unlike other nanoparticle mediated hyperthermia techniques, direct injection of the nanoparticles within the tumor leads to enhanced heat generation in the neighb oring healthy tissues. The inhomogeneity of the hyperthermia event is evident from the lo cal occurrence of hot spots and cold spots respectively. The present findings may have far reaching implications as a framework in predicting temperature distributions during MWA.
Quantum Lattice Wave Guides with Randomness -- Localisation and Delocalisation

In this paper we consider Schrodinger operators on $M \times \mathbb{Z}^{d_2}$, with $M=\{M_{1}, \ldots, M_{2}\}^{d_1}$ (`quantum wave guides') with a `$\Gamma$-trimmed' random potential, namely a potential which vanishes outside a subset $\Gamma$ which is periodic with respect to a sub lattice. We prove that (under appropriate assumptions) for strong disorder these operators have \emph{pure point spectrum } outside the set $\Sigma_{0}=\sigma(H_{0,\Gamma^{c}})$ where $H_{0,\Gamma^{c}} $ is the free (discrete) Laplacian on the complement $\Gamma^{c} $ of $\Gamma $. We also prove that the operators have some \emph{absolutely continuous spectrum} in an energy region $\mathcal{E}\subset\Sigma_{0}$. Consequently, there is a mobility edge for such models. We also consider the case $-M_{1}=M_{2}=\infty$, i. ~e. ~ $\Gamma $-trimmed operators on $\mathbb{Z}^{d}=\mathbb{Z}^{d_1}\times\mathbb{Z}^{d_2}$. Again, we prove localisation outside $\Sigma_{0} $ by showing exponential decay of the Green function $G_{E+i\eta}(x,y) $ uniformly in $\eta>0 $. For \emph{all} energies $E\in\mathcal{E}$ we prove that the Green's function $G_{E+i\eta} $ is \emph{not} (uniformly) in $\ell^{1}$ as $\eta$ approaches $0$. This implies that neither the fractional moment method nor multi scale analysis \emph{can} be applied here.