Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mid-carboniferous boundary in northern Spain : difficulties for correlation of the global stratotype section and point

The stratigraphy of latest Arnsbergian to early Chokierian (Serpukhovian/Bashkirian) is described for the Barcaliente Formation in the Cantabrian Mountains. The conodont content has been studied at the Millaro section, where the appearance of Declinognathodus noduliferus Ellison & Graves, in the lower metres of the Barcaliente Formation is confirmed, and the location of the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary is discussed. The new subspecies D. noduliferus bernesgae is described and other records are also studied from the Pyrenean Azkarate section. First occurrences of Declinognathodus species are discussed from different basins, and a sequence of first appearances is applied for world-wide correlation. The lowest occurrence of D. inaequalis at the Mid-Carboniferous boundary GSSP is preferred as the primary correlation marker, because D. noduliferus s.l. includes several different taxa. Gnathodus and Lochriea species persist above the base of the Pennsylvanian and disappear in the Chokierian (early Bashkirian), as described elsewhere.
Structure and function of the myelin enzyme 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase

The myelin sheath is a crucial component of vertebrate nervous systems. Myelin is formed as the plasma membrane of a glial cell is wrapped around a neuronal axon. The presence of myelin enables the fast transmission of neuronal impulses, and degradation or dysfunction of myelin results in severe neurological symptoms. Molecular composition of myelin is unique, and many myelin proteins are not present elsewhere in the body. A myelin enzyme, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), is found in specific regions within the myelin sheath and is one of the most abundant proteins in the brain. Substrates for CNPase catalytic activity are formed during brain damage. CNPase also interacts with the cytoskeleton and cell membranes, and it is thought to play a role during myelin formation. Mice that lack CNPase suffer from axonal degeneration and die early. The aim of this study was to characterise CNPase structure and function. To this end, a system was first developed to produce the protein for subsequent analyses. The aim was to characterise the catalytic mechanism of CNPase by determining its three-dimensional molecular structure at different stages of the catalytic reaction. The interactions between CNPase and other molecules related to its function would also be characterised. Finally, the structure of the full-length protein would be used to understand of the function of the uncharacterised N-terminal domain. Using X-ray crystallography, the structure of the CNPase catalytic domain was determined in the presence of substrate and product molecules. These data, complemented with analyses of mutationally inactivated enzyme variants, were used to examine the catalytic reaction at the molecular level. The catalytic domain structure was compared to homologous enzymes from diverse organisms. The interaction between CNPase and the calcium-sensing protein calmodulin was characterised. The solution structure of full-length CNPase was determined using small-angle X-ray scattering, and protein sequence databases were utilised to determine CNPase conservation during animal evolution. The results provide novel information on the catalytic activity and overall function of CNPase. Further studies will be necessary to determine its specific role, but it is increasingly clear that CNPase can perform multiple important tasks within the nervous system.
Cretaceous Radiolaria from Niedzica succession of the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Polish Carpathians

Bqk, M. 1996. Cretaceous Radiolaria from Niedzica Succession of the PieninyKlippen Belt in Polish Carpathians. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 41, 1, 91-110.Three radiolarian-rich intervals have been recognized in the late Cretaceous marlsof the Niedzica Succession in the Polish part of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpa-thians. Associated planktonic foraminifers show that they correspond to majortransgressive events in the latest Albian, at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary,and in the late Ttrronian. The abundance of radiolarians seems to be related toincreased silica content in the sediment (protecting their skeletons against thealkaline environment of the limestone) and presumably in the sea v/ater. Forty-ttrree species of Radiolaria identified in the strata show generally wide ranges fromthe late Albian to Coniacian. Some of the first or last occurrences correspond tothose in Japan and southern Europe.Key words: Pieniny Klippen Belt, Cretaceous, Radiolarja, biostratigraphy.Marta BaJ<, Instgtut Nauk Geologiczngch, UniuersAtet Jagieltoriski, Oleandry 2a,30463 Krak6u, Poland.
First Ecology: Ecological Principles and Environmental Issues

Description First Ecology: Ecological Principles and Environmental Issues provides a critical and evaluative introduction to the science of ecology. Alan Beeby and Anne-Maria Brennan present a succinct survey of ecology, describing and explaining the relationship between living organisms and their environment. In sequence, First Ecology develops the core themes of ecology at each level of organization - subcellular, population, ecosystem, landscape, and planetary. Understanding this hierarchy - and the interplay between these levels - is crucial to the environmental decisions our species faces at the start of the twenty-first century. Distinctive Features - Assumes little background knowledge and leads students gradually into the subject to build understanding, making it ideal for students from a range of disciplines. - Detailed examples and case studies build on principles introduced in the text, thus allowing students to see ecological techniques in action. - An Online Resource Center (password protected) offers instructors a virtual field course comprised of exercises using real data to assist and enrich students' time in the field; figures from the book, available to download to facilitate lecture preparation; PowerPoint slides introducing key concepts, supported with integrated figures from the book; and answers to exercises provided in the book. For students, the site provides hyperlinks to the primary literature cited in the book, and a web link library of all the URLs included in the book, together with additional web links on specific topics.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY AND OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF SOUTHERN ODISHA

BACKGROUND Cholelithiasis popularly known as gall stone has become a matter of global concern particularly in the adult age group owing to our life styles. Although open cholecystectomy started earlier, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has replaced it with few exceptions. However, each procedure has its advantages and disadvantages pertaining to certain characteristics of the patient, infrastructure availability and financial feasibility. The aim of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of each procedure through different parameters before, during and after the surgery.
Longitudinal Trajectory of Opioid Prescribing and its Associated Serious Adverse Events: A Population‐Wide Cohort Study in Taiwan

Chronic opioid prescribing (COP) for noncancer pain is highly restricted in Taiwan, but tramadol is not listed in the regulation on chronic prescribing. This study investigated the trajectories of COP in noncancer pain when considering tramadol in Taiwan and identified the risk of serious adverse events. This population‐wide longitudinal cohort study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims records from 2001 to 2016. Adults prescribed opioids (including tramadol) and without cancer were selected. Patients who received COP (opioid supply days for 28 days or continuous opioid supply for 14 days) in the first patient quarter were included, and serious adverse events were identified. Group‐based trajectory models were applied to identify patients with a similar trajectory of quarterly COP. The Cox proportional hazard model was applied to assess the association between adverse events and patients' trajectories. Of the 2,360,358 noncancer opioid users, 476,934 (20.2%) received COP in the first quarter. Four groups of COP trajectory were identified, and 59,310 (12.8%) patients received COP quarterly over 2 years. Patients categorized into the trajectory of long‐term COP had a significantly higher crude incidence rate of cardiovascular death, seizure, and hypoglycemia. Still, there is no newly developed opioid use disorder. There was a substantial underestimate in COP in Taiwan when tramadol was not considered. Notably, 10% of them could receive COP for over 2 years. The result raises concern about unmet pain management needs and the limited accessibility of alternative treatments for noncancer pain.
An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Non- Oil Exports and Economic Growth in Nigeria

The study analyzed the relationship between non-oil sector and economic growth from 1980- 2012 and data was derived from Central Bank of Nigeria’s statistical bulletin (CBN) and World Development Indicators (2013). Variables of interest were GDP as proxy for economic growth, non-oil exports, openness as proxy for technological advancement, oil exports and exchange rate variables. The theoretical framework was the Neoclassical growth model and model specification followed Ondigo et al.,(2013) in conformity to theoretical framework. Unit root test of stationarity was carried out using Augmented Dickey Fuller test and Phillips Peron test and once data was proved stationary, we carried out co integration test; which shows four co-integrating relationships, an indication of long run relationship among variables. Thus, we proceeded to Error Correction Model (ECM) ECM was significant however; non oil export variable was significant but negative. This is an indication of the dismal performance of the sector. The paper concludes that there is need for the government to focus on reviving the sector to improve its performance and ensure that the sector is repositioned to meet international standards.
Simple demographic, laboratory and chest radiograph variables can identify COVID-19 patients with pulmonary thromboembolism: a retrospective multicentre United Kingdom study

Objectives: To (1) identify discriminatory demographic, laboratory and initial CXR findings; (2) explore correlation between D-dimer and radiographic severity scores; and (3) assess accuracy of published D-dimer thresholds to identify pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Retrospective study including all COVID-19 patients admitted from 1st to 30th April 2020 meeting inclusion criteria from 25 United Kingdom hospitals. Demographics, blood results, CXR and CTPA findings were compared between positive and negative PTE cohorts using uni- and multivariable logistic regression. Published D-dimer cut-offs were applied. Results: 389 patients were included [median age 63; 237 males], of which 26.2% had a PTE. Significant univariable discriminators for PTE were peak D-dimer, sex, neutrophil count at the time of the D-dimer and at admission, abnormal CXR, and CXR zonal severity score. Only neutrophil count at peak D-dimer remained significant for predicting PTE on multivariable analysis (p = 0.008). When compared with the published literature, sensitivity for PTE were lower than those published at all cut-off values; however, specificity at different cut-offs was variable. Conclusions: In this multicentre COVID-19 cohort, univariable admission factors that could indicate pulmonary thromboembolism were male sex, high neutrophil count and abnormal CXR with a greater CXR zonal severity score. The accuracy levels of published D-dimer thresholds were not reproducible in our population. Advances in knowledge: This is a large multicentre study looking at the discriminatory value of simple variables to determine if a patient with COVID-19 has PTE or not, in addition to comparing D-dimer cut-off values against published values.
Living with Tourism: Negotiating Identities in a Turkish Village

1. Introduction 2. Imaging Cappadocia - The Construction of a Tourist Place 3. The Tourists - In Search of Serendipity 4. Continuity and Change - Gender and Production in Goreme 5. A Community in Competition - The Business of Tourism in Goreme 6. Close Encounters - Interactions between Hosts and Guests 7. Romantic Developments - New and Changing Gender Relations Through Tourism 8. Continuation of Goreme as a 'Tourist Site' - Politics of Place and Identity 9. Conclusion
Acute Kidney Injury and Rehabilitation Outcomes among Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction: The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is growing rapidly, along with the increasing geriatric population. CKD patients have higher incidence of fractures, stroke, and hospitalizations requiring rehabilitation. This is accompanied with the need for suitable rehabilitation programs to decrease disability and improve functionality to help elderly CKD patients maintain independence in activities of daily living. Considering that survivors of acute kidney injury (AKI) tend to experience decreased quality of life with increased frailty, rehabilitation in the elderly with kidney injury becomes even more complex. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of AKI on the outcomes of rehabilitation among elderly patients with CKD. Methods: For this retrospective, observational study, the electronic medical records of all patients who were hospitalized in the rehabilitation department were reviewed. We assessed functional status at the beginning and end of rehabilitation, renal outcome, and all-cause mortality among elderly patients with CKD who experienced an AKI and compared them to those who did not have an AKI. Results: The study cohort included 183 elderly patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD. Patients with AKI (23% of study cohort) had a higher prevalence of heart failure and lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, as compared with patients who did not have AKI. They were admitted to rehabilitation at a poorer functional capacity and were also discharged with lower functional independence measure scores. Overall odds ratio for all-cause death among patients with AKI versus without AKI was 3.2 (95% CI: 1.6–6.5; p = 0.001). Conclusion: AKI and CKD are interrelated syndromes. AKI was prevalent among elderly CKD patients and was associated with worse rehabilitation outcomes and higher mortality compared to similar patients without AKI.
A pilot study to determine if intraocular lens choice at the time of cataract surgery has an impact on patient-reported driving habits

Purpose To determine if intraocular lens (IOL) choice at the time of cataract surgery affects driving habits. Materials and methods Pseudophakes who were 28–35 months postbilateral cataract surgery with one of two contemporary one-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOLs (SN60WF or ZCB00) were asked to complete the Driving Habits Questionnaire, a validated instrument for determining self-reported driving status, frequency, and difficulty. To determine if there were any differences in driving habits between the two groups, t-tests and χ2 tests were used. Results Of 90 respondents, 72 (40 SN60WF and 32 ZCB00) were still active drivers. The SN60WF-implanted subjects were less likely to drive at the same speed or faster than the general flow of traffic, less likely to rate their quality of driving as average/above average, less likely to have traveled beyond their immediate neighborhood, less likely to drive at night, more likely to have moderate-to-severe difficulty driving at night, and more likely to have self-reported road traffic accidents. The differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Changes in patients’ driving habits 2–3 years after cataract surgery may be associated with the type of IOL implanted. A larger study, powered to demonstrate statistical significance, is needed to verify the trends identified in this pilot study and discover possible contributing factors.
The utility of GIS in studying the distribution of Bovine Tuberculosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Central Portugal

Tuberculosis in game animals has gained, in the past few years, an increasing significance in the central region of Portugal, mainly in wild ungulates such as red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology is becoming an essential component of modern disease surveillance systems. In this study GIS was used to evaluate the geographical distribution of Bovine Tuberculosis (BT) in large game species in Central Portugal. Sampling plots for GIS were mapped by means of a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver in Idanha-a-Nova county (lat 39° 55’ N: long 7° 14’ W) from November 2008 to February 2009. Over this period, 526 animals (337 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 142 wild boars (Sus scrofa), 29 fallow deer (Dama dama), and 18 mouflon (Ovis musimon)) were analysed for BT lesions, during meat inspection. From these harvested animals, 73 (13.88%) carried BT compatible lesions, which were later confirmed by laboratorial analysis. Data collected during fieldwork were assigned to each sampling plot location, in order to enable geostatistical analysis. The analyses of the BT intensity map, created by GIS, for wild boar and red deer hunted in Central Portugal, allow the conclusion that the main BT-afected areas were located at the south-east area of the county. These areas should be the first ones under veterinarian scrutiny with a view to control or reduce disease spread and prevalence. GIS provided an important tool to define objective strategies for preventing the spread of infectious disease.
The effect of prenatal anxiety on prenatal attachment in high-risk pregnant women and related factors: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT High-risk pregnant women experience stress and anxiety. Anxiety may affect prenatal attachment. This study aimed to examine the effect of anxiety on prenatal attachment in high-risk pregnant women. The study was cross-sectional and conducted on 290 high-risk pregnant women who applied to the perinatology outpatient clinic of a university hospital between February and July 2022. The data were collected with the descriptive information sheet, Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), and Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS). Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis-H, and Spearman’s Correlation tests were used to analyze the data. The mean age of the examined pregnant women was 28.12 ± 5.36, and most of them were multigravida (65.5 percent) and in the third trimester (80.7 percent). The PAI and PASS mean scores were 64.09 ± 11.31 and 27.98 ± 16.52, respectively. There was a weak positive correlation between anxiety and prenatal attachment (r = .227, p < .001). The levels of prenatal attachment were higher in primigravidas and women with no children. Also, the anxiety levels of pregnant women in the third trimester were lower. Health professionals should evaluate the prenatal attachment and anxiety levels of high-risk pregnant women, and consider obstetrical factors that may influence both prenatal attachment and anxiety levels.
The determinants of neonatal asphyxia in the tropical province of China: A case-control study

As the major public health problem among under-5 children in the world, neonatal asphyxia (NA) contributes to 24% of the main causes of neonatal death. The effects of NA is not only limited to death but also has a long-term brain injury with lifelong adverse effects. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify determinants of NA among newborns in the tropical province of China to guide early interventions and improve the survival and quality of life of these infants. A case control study was conducted at Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center from January 1 to December 31, 2021. A total of 255 newborns (85 cases and 170 controls, 1:2 case to control ratio) were enrolled in the study. A systematic random sampling approach was adopted based on hospital delivery registration. Structured questionnaires were used to collected data. The data was entered into statistical software SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. In the bivariable analysis, variables with P values less than . 1 were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis. At a P value of . 05, a statistically significant level was reported. Amniotic fluid stained by meconium/blood (AOR = 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47–6.95), primiparity, fetal presentation of malpresentation (AOR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.25–12.09), and low birth weight (AOR = 10.51, 95% CI: 3.02–36.55) were to be significantly associated with NA. This study identified that amniotic fluid stained by meconium/blood, primiparity, low birth weight were determinants of NA. Thus, preventive solutions such as close monitoring of fetus presentation, meliorating the obstetric care setup during antenatal care consultations should be stressed in China.
Manure management: treatment strategies for sustainable agriculture

Ce livre represente le produit d'une collaboration financee par la Commission europeenne. Les contributions representent 28 organismes impliques dans les divers aspects du traitement des effluents d'elevages en Europe. Il en resulte une analyse d'ensemble objective de cette problematique. Apres la premiere edition de 1997, ce volume revise et considerablement enrichi, inclut de nouveaux chapitres sur les problemes des germes pathogenes. L'utilisation pratique des techniques de traitement est expliquee en conciliant efficience des operations a la ferme et protection de l'environnement. Langue anglais
Hydraulic Performance of Compacted Lateritic Soil - Bentonite Mixtures Permeated with Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate

Hydraulic conductivity and its vulnerability to changes with time or exposure to chemicals are the major factors in the selection of clayey material for barrier systems in waste containment facilities. In the study presented, water saturated lateritic soil specimens treated with up to 10% bentonite and compacted with standard Proctor effort at 2% wet of optimum moisture content were permeated with deionised water and municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate in sequence. The falling head testing method was used, while the duration of the experiments was 90 days. On permeation with water, specimens with bentonite content iÝ 5% by dry weight of soil, achieved hydraulic conductivity, k, lower than typical regulatory limits of k iU 1.0 x 10-9 m/s, which were maintained at the end of test duration. The natural soil and specimen containing 2.5% bentonite whose baseline k failed to meet the statutory hydraulic conductivity requirement remained above this threshold value after permeation with MSW landfill leachate. Generally, all the soil ¨C bentonite mixtures tested performed well against attack by the leachate. The hydraulic conductivity of specimens increased only slightly by a factor ranging from 1.1 to 1.6, which practically signifies no change in hydraulic conductivity. From this result, it is projected that long-term exposure of barriers built with lateritic soil - bentonite mixtures to MSW landfill leachate will not have adverse effect on the chemical stability of the barrier system.