Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient transmission strategies for multiantenna downlink

Energy efficiency (EE) is becoming one of the important criteria in wireless transmission design. This paper discusses the recently proposed energy-efficient transmit beamforming designs for multicell multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems, including maximizing overall network EE, sum weighted EE and fairness EE. Generally, the EE optimization problems are NP-hard nonconvex programs for which finding the globally optimal solutions is challenging. For low-complexity suboptimal approaches, there is a class of solutions conventionally developed based on parametric transformations. However, those have been revealed problematic in terms of computational complexity and convergence. To overcome these issues, novel algorithms have been recently developed based on the state-of-the-art successive convex approximation (SCA) framework. Here we sum up the basic concepts of the algorithms and provide numerical results which illustrate the solution quality compared to the existing methods.
A stimulating view of human visual cortex

Mapping of the visual cortex is a difficult process, but great steps have been taken. The advances result from 1) careful study of individual patients and 2) new technologies such as functional MRI and PET. In this issue, Lee et al. demonstrate that neurons in discrete areas of the human cortex are functionally organized to detect color, shape, and motion1 in patterns comparable to those of nonhuman primates.2 They used subdural grid electrodes in 23 epilepsy patients to stimulate distinct areas of visual cortex, even including the basal occipital lobes. Stimulation of striate cortex elicited simple form responses such as blobs of light, whereas complex forms were produced by stimulation of the basal and lateral temporo-occipital cortex. Lee et al. also confirm that the fusiform and lingual gyri are important in color processing and that motion detection is concentrated at the temporal-parieto-occipital junctions and the basal temporal-occipital cortex. Near the end of the 19th century, Henschen correctly localized the primary visual cortex to the calcarine fissure.3 He also recognized that hemianopic defects were the result of striate cortex injury and that specific areas of the visual field projected to …
MESOSCALE MODELING OF THE WINTERTIME BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURE OVER THE ARCTIC PACK ICE

Three-dimensional simulations of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over the wintertime, 2-m thick, Arctic pack ice have been done with the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The long-range purpose of these simulations is to scale-up the point measurements of surface fluxes obtained during the Surface Heat Flux of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) year (Perovich et al 1999; Uttal et al 2002) to the scale of global circulation model grids using the nesting capability of the MM5. In the short range, this requires obtaining accurate simulations of the boundary layer thermodynamic and kinematic structure as revealed by validations of the model output with the extensive observations available near the SHEBA site. These three-dimensional simulations will need to be done in a variety of environmental conditions. Initially, the simplest conditions are chosen in order to be able to isolate the reasons for the model discrepancies. Hence, the first tests simulate the period Jan. 14-19, 1998, during which the skies were mostly clear and there was no solar radiation. At this time, the SHEBA site was at 75°N and 151°W in the Beaufort Sea. By avoiding the effects of solar radiation and minimizing the impacts of longwave radiation by clouds, and by having measurements of all fluxes, causes for discrepancies could be isolated and improvements made. The tests particularly focused on the effects of the longwave radiative scheme, the snow/ice model, and the boundary-layer scheme. The following discussion highlights the major results so far.
Anoxia‐Induced Release of Prostaglandins in Rabbit Isolated Hearts

We investigated the relationship between prostaglandin release and the coronary vasodilatation evoked by anoxia. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused via the aorta with Krebs-Ringer's solution. The coronary effluent was bioassayed continuously in terms of prostaglandin E2 for prostaglandinlike substance which was present (at < 1 ng/ml) in 60 of 66 hearts. This basal release was abolished by the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin (1–2 μg/ml), a result which adds further to the identity of the prostaglandinlike substance as a prostaglandin. Anoxia increased coronary flow sometimes by 100% and evoked prostaglandin release shortly thereafter. Abolition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin pretreatment did not affect nor did infusion of exogenous prostaglandin mimic the anoxia-induced flow increment; thus, we conclude that prostaglandin release cannot account for the anoxia-induced vasodilator response. Furthermore, the failure of indomethacin to alter resting coronary blood flow suggests that a local prostaglandin release is not responsible for either the maintenance or the modulation of coronary flow in this preparation.
Clinicopathological and endoscopic features of Helicobacter pylori infection-negative gastric cancer in Japan: a retrospective study.

Background/Aims Helicobacter pylori infection-negative gastric cancer (HPNGC) has not been systematically investigated in consecutive patients. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and endoscopic features of HPNGC. Methods This single-center retrospective study selected participants from patients with gastric cancer who were treated at the Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital between January 2013 and December 2021. Only patients diagnosed with HPNGC were enrolled, and their clinicopathological and endoscopic features were analyzed in detail. Results The prevalence of HPNGC in the present study was 2.6% (54/2112). The types of HPNGC observed in each gastric region were as follows: advanced gastric cancer was observed in the cardia; gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland differentiation, gastric adenocarcinoma of foveolar-type presenting with whitish elevation and raspberry-like foveolar-type gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma arising in polyposis, and gastric adenocarcinoma with autoimmune gastritis were observed in the fundic gland region ranging from the gastric fornix to the gastric body; signet-ring cell carcinoma was observed in the gastric-pyloric transition region ranging from the lower gastric body to the gastric angle; and well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia was observed in the antrum. Conclusions This study revealed that tumors from each gastric region exhibited distinct macroscopic and histological types in HPNGC.
Analysis of the structural correlates for antibody polyreactivity by multiple reassortments of chimeric human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain V segments

Polyreactive antibodies (Abs) constitute a major proportion of the early Ab repertoire and are an important component of the natural defense mechanisms against infections. They are primarily immunoglobulin M (IgM) and bind a variety of structurally dissimilar self and exogenous antigens (Ags) with moderate affinity. We analyzed the contribution of Ig polyvalency and of heavy (H) and light (L) chain variable (V) regions to polyreactivity in recombinatorial experiments involving the VH-diversity(D)-JH and V kappa-J kappa gene segments of a human polyreactive IgM, monoclonal antibody 55 (mAb55), and those of a human monoreactive anti-insulin IgG, mAb13, in an in vitro C gamma l and C kappa human expression system. These mAbs are virtually identical in their VH and V kappa gene segment sequences. First, we expressed the VH-D-JH and V kappa-J kappa genes of the IgM mAb55 as V segments of an IgG molecule. The bivalent recombinant IgG Ab bound multiple Ags with an efficiency only slightly lower than that of the original decavalent IgM mAb55, suggesting that class switch to IgG does not affect the Ig polyreactivity. Second, we coexpressed the mAb55-derived H or kappa chain with the mAb13-derived kappa or H chain, respectively. The hybrid IgG Ab bearing the mAb55-derived H chain V segment paired with the mAb13-derived kappa V segment, but not that bearing the mAb13-derived H chain V segment paired with the mAb55-derived kappa V segment, bound multiple Ags, suggesting that the Ig H chain plays a major role in the Ig polyreactivity. Third, we shuffled the framework 1 (FR1)-FR3 and complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) regions of the H and kappa chain V segments of the mAB55-derived IgG molecule with the corresponding regions of the monoreactive IgG mAb13. The mAb55-derived IgG molecule lost polyreactivity when the H chain CDR3, but not the FR1- FR3 region, was replaced by the corresponding region of mAb13, suggesting that within the H chain, the CDR3 provides the major structural correlate for multiple Ag-binding. This was formally proved by the multiple Ag-binding of the originally monoreactive mAb13-derived IgG molecule grafted with the mAb55-derived H chain CDR3. The polyreactivity of this chimeric IgG was maximized by grafting of the mAb55-derived kappa chain FR1-FR3, but not that of the kappa chain CDR3. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Addressing Poor Retention of Infants Exposed to HIV: A Quality Improvement Study in Rural Mozambique

Objective:Early infant diagnosis (EID) is the first step in HIV care, yet 75% of HIV-exposed infants born at 2 hospitals in Mozambique failed to access EID. Design:Before/after study. Setting:Two district hospitals in rural Mozambique. Participants:HIV-infected mother/HIV-exposed infant pairs (n = 791). Intervention:We planned 2 phases of improvement using quality improvement methods. In phase 1, we enhanced referral by offering direct accompaniment of new mothers to the EID suite, increasing privacy, and opening a medical record for infants before postpartum discharge. In phase 2, we added enhanced referral activity as an item on the maternity register to standardize the process of referral. Main outcome measure:The proportion of HIV-infected mothers who accessed EID for their infant <90 days of life. Results:We tracked mother/infant pairs from June 2009 to March 2011 (phase 0: n = 144; phase 1: n = 479; phase 2: n = 168), compared study measures for mother/infant pairs across intervention phases with &khgr;2, estimated time-to-EID by Kaplan–Meier, and determined the likelihood of EID by Cox regression after adjusting for likely barriers to follow-up. At baseline (phase 0), 25.7% of infants accessed EID <90 days. EID improved to 32.2% after phase 1, but only 17.3% had received enhanced referral. After phase 2, 61.9% received enhanced referral and 39.9% accessed EID, a significant 3-phase improvement (P = 0.007). In adjusted analysis, the likelihood of EID at any time was higher in the phase 2 group versus phase 0 (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.19 to 2.37, P = 0.003).
On-Chip Active Messages for Speed, Scalability, and Efficiency

This paper describes and quantifies the benefits of adding low-overhead active messages to many-core, cache-coherent chip-multiprocessors. The active messages we analyze are user defined and trigger the atomic execution of a custom software handler at the destination. Programmers can use these active messages to both move data with less overhead than cache coherency and, more importantly, explicitly send computation to data. Doing so greatly improves (11× speed, 4.8× energy) communication idioms such as shared object modification, reductions, data walks, point-to-point communication, and all-to-all communication. Active messages enhance program scalability: applications using them run 63 percent faster with 11 percent less energy on 256 cores. The relative benefits of active messages grow with larger numbers of cores.
Visualizing Time-Varying Particle Flows with Diffusion Geometry

The tasks of identifying separation structures and clusters in flow data are fundamental to flow visualization. Significant work has been devoted to these tasks in flow represented by vector fields, but there are unique challenges in addressing these tasks for time-varying particle data. The unstructured nature of particle data, nonuniform and sparse sampling, and the inability to access arbitrary particles in space-time make it difficult to define separation and clustering for particle data. We observe that weaker notions of separation and clustering through continuous measures of these structures are meaningful when coupled with user exploration. We achieve this goal by defining a measure of particle similarity between pairs of particles. More specifically, separation occurs when spatially-localized particles are dissimilar, while clustering is characterized by sets of particles that are similar to one another. To be robust to imperfections in sampling we use diffusion geometry to compute particle similarity. Diffusion geometry is parameterized by a scale that allows a user to explore separation and clustering in a continuous manner. We illustrate the benefits of our technique on a variety of 2D and 3D flow datasets, from particles integrated in fluid simulations based on time-varying vector fields, to particle-based simulations in astrophysics.
Adaptive Artificial Intelligence in Games: Issues, Requirements, and a Solution through Behavlets-based General Player Modelling

We present the last of a series of three academic essays which deal with the question of how and why to build a generalized player model. We propose that a general player model needs parameters for subjective experience of play, including: player psychology, game structure, and actions of play. Based on this proposition, we pose three linked research questions: RQ1 what is a necessary and sufficient foundation to a general player model? ; RQ2 can such a foundation improve performance of a computational intelligence- based player model? ; and RQ3 can such a player model improve efficacy of adaptive artificial intelligence in games? We set out the arguments behind these research questions in each of the three essays, presented as three preprints. The third essay, in this preprint, presents the argument that adaptive game artificial intelligence will be enhanced by a generalised player model. This is because games are inherently human artefacts which therefore, require some encoding of the human perspective in order to effectively autonomously respond to the individual player. The player model informs the necessary constraints on the adaptive artificial intelligence. A generalised player model is not only more efficient than a per-game solution, but also allows comparison between games which makes it a useful tool for studying play in general. We describe the concept and meaning of an adaptive game. We propose requirements for functional adaptive AI, arguing from first principles drawn from the games research literature. We propose solutions to these requirements, based on a formal model approach to our existing 'Behavlets' method for psychologically-derived player modelling: Cowley, B. , & Charles, D. (2016). Behavlets: a Method for Practical Player Modelling using Psychology-Based Player Traits and Domain Specific Features. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 26(2), 257-306.
Functional MR imaging activation after finger tapping has a shorter duration in the basal ganglia than in the sensorimotor cortex.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Repetitive motor tasks that produce sustained neuronal activity in the sensorimotor cortex produce transient neuronal activity in subcortical regions. We tested the hypothesis that a reference function modeling a transient hemodynamic response would more reliably detect activation in the basal ganglia than would a conventional reference function, which models a sustained hemodynamic response. METHODS Functional MR imaging data were acquired in eight subjects performing an alternating-hand finger-tapping task. Postprocessing was performed by cross-correlation to two types of reference functions: one that models a sustained hemodynamic response to finger tapping and one that models an initial transient hemodynamic response. Activation in the sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, thalamus, and corpus striatum was tabulated for each reference function. RESULTS With the conventional boxcar reference function, activation was detected in the sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, and cerebellum, but intermittently in the corpus striatum in all subjects. With the reference function for a transient response, activation in the corpus striatum was not detected in all subjects. CONCLUSION In the corpus striatum, activation is detected more frequently with a reference function that models a transient response. Activated cortical and subcortical regions can be mapped with an alternating-hand finger-tapping paradigm and a combination of reference functions.
Voromap: A Voronoi-based tool for visual exploration of multi-dimensional data

A map of multi-dimensional data is a graphical representation - defined in 2D or 3D space - of a set of data points that reflects similarity relationships amongst them. Triangulations of those points can be produced to generate surface meshes on which additional information can be mapped to visual attributes such as color or height. Such surfaces may then be used to explore the data set and the similarities between the different data points. In this paper we introduce Voromap, an exploration tool that is based on Voronoi diagrams of the projected data, and compare that representation with a standard representation that uses triangulations. Voronoi diagrams represent each element in the data set by the area of a polygon in which every point within the polygon is closer to its generating point than to any other point from the data set. A user experiment was conducted to compare Voronoi maps with equivalent maps represented by surface triangulations explored with a similar triangulation-based tool
An active connection mechanism for modular self-reconfigurable robotic systems based on physical latching

This article presents a robust and heavy duty physical latching connection mechanism, which can be actuated with DC motors to actively connect and disconnect modular robot units. The special requirements include a lightweight and simple construction providing an active, strong, hermaphrodite, completely retractable connection mechanism with a 90 degree symmetry1 and a no-energy consumption in the locked state. The mechanism volume is kept small to fit multiple copies into a single modular robot unit and to be used on as many faces of the robot unit as possible. This way several different lattice like modular robot structures are possible. The large selection for dock-able connection positions will likely simplify self-reconfiguration strategies. Tests with the implemented mechanism demonstrate its applicative potential for self-reconfiguring modular robots.
Expanding Window Compressed Sensing for Non-Uniform Compressible Signals

Many practical compressible signals like image signals or the networked data in wireless sensor networks have non-uniform support distribution in their sparse representation domain. Utilizing this prior information, a novel compressed sensing (CS) scheme with unequal protection capability is proposed in this paper by introducing a windowing strategy called expanding window compressed sensing (EW-CS). According to the importance of different parts of the signal, the signal is divided into several nested subsets, i.e., the expanding windows. Each window generates its own measurements using a random sensing matrix. The more significant elements are contained by more windows, so they are captured by more measurements. This design makes the EW-CS scheme have more convenient implementation and better overall recovery quality for non-uniform compressible signals than ordinary CS schemes. These advantages are theoretically analyzed and experimentally confirmed. Moreover, the EW-CS scheme is applied to the compressed acquisition of image signals and networked data where it also has superior performance than ordinary CS and the existing unequal protection CS schemes.
One Hundred Years of Discrimination Research in the Journal of Applied Psychology: A Sobering Synopsis

Employment discrimination—a legal, social, moral, and practical problem—has been a persistent focus of narrow scholarship in the Journal of Applied Psychology since its inception. Indeed, this article identifies the environmental characteristics, conceptual underpinnings, dominant methodologies, research questions and findings across 508 articles published on discrimination in the journal over the last 100 years. Emergent themes document signs of stability and change in 3 eras: an era wherein discrimination research was itself discriminatory (1917–1969), the heyday of discrimination research (1970–1989), and an era of unsteady progress (1990–2014). This synthesis suggests that, although increasingly sophisticated methodological approaches have been applied to this topic, the targets of focus and theories driving research have largely been static. Additionally, research published on discrimination in the Journal of Applied Psychology has often trailed too far behind the times. Specific recommendations for advancing the psychological study of employment discrimination in applied contexts are provided.
Removal of Vesicle Structures From Transmission Electron Microscope Images

In this paper, we address the problem of imaging membrane proteins for single-particle cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the isolated protein structure. More precisely, we propose a method for learning and removing the interfering vesicle signals from the micrograph, prior to reconstruction. In our approach, we estimate the subspace of the vesicle structures and project the micrographs onto the orthogonal complement of this subspace. We construct a 2D statistical model of the vesicle structure, based on higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD), by considering the structural symmetries of the vesicles in the polar coordinate plane. We then propose to lift the HOSVD model to a novel hierarchical model by summarizing the multidimensional HOSVD coefficients by their principal components. Along with the model, a solid vesicle normalization scheme and model selection criterion are proposed to make a compact and general model. The results show that the vesicle structures are accurately separated from the background by the HOSVD model that is also able to adapt to the asymmetries of the vesicles. This is a promising result and suggests even wider applicability of the proposed approach in learning and removal of statistical structures.
Goal-directed Learning to Fly

Learning to fly an aircraft is a complex task that requires the development of control skills and goal achievement strategies. This paper presents a behavioural cloning system that learns to successfully fly manoeuvres, in turbulence, of a realistic aircraft simulation. A hierarchical decomposition of the problem is employed where goal settings and the control skill to achieve them are learnt. The benefit of this goal-directed approach is demonstrated in the reuse of the learnt manoeuvres to a flight path that includes novel manoeuvres. The system is based on an error minimisation technique that benefits from the use of model tree learners. The model trees provide a compact and comprehensible representation of the underlying control skill and goal structure. The performance of the system was improved by compensating for human reaction times and goal anticipation. We conclude that our system addresses current limitations of behavioural cloning by producing robust, reusable and readable clones.