Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ornamental Foliage Plants on Visual Fatigue Caused by Visual Display Terminal Operation.

In this study, three experiments were performed in order to investigate the effect of ornamental foliage plants on visual fatigue caused by visual display terminal operation. Visual fatigue was evaluated as critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF). Four students served as subjects in each experiment.The experiment (1) was carried out to examine the reduction of visual fatigue by viewing plants during visual display terminal operation. As the results, the CFF of the subjects in case of viewing plants was higher than that in case of viewing no plant. Especially, the difference of the CFF of the subject A was 9.3%. The experiment (2) was carried out to examine the recovery of visual fatigue by viewing plants after visual display terminal operation. As the results, the CFF of the three subjects except A increased in case of viewing plants and decreased in case of viewing no plant. The differences of the CFF of the subjects B and D were 4.6% and 3.6% respectively.The experiment (3) was carried out to determine whether difference in kinds of plants could bring about difference of the recovery of visual fatigue. As the results, average of the CFF of the subjects in case of viewing Schefflera arboricola “Hong Kong”, Cupressus macrocarpa “Gold Crest” and no plant decreased by 2.7%, 3.1% and 6.0% respectively, while average of the CFF of the subjects in case of viewing Dracaena fragrans “Massangeana” showed an increase of 0.6%.
Behavior and Maternal Relations of Young Snowshoe Hares

lEe behavior of four young snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) and the activities of a female during the fme she was canng for these young were determined by using radiotelemetry. The female was with her young only once each day for only S to 10 minutes. The time of returning was remarkably con- stant, and appeared to be related to a certain light intensity during the evening twilight period. The movements of a second female during a penod when she was known to have had two litters was also determined. It appeared that this family also assembled only once a day but later in the twilight period. lEe young spent the day in separate hiding plates and got together only about S to 10 minutes before the female returned to nurse them; they then dispersed and remained alone until the following evening Weekly home ranges of the young varied from 1.6 acres to 4.9 acres during the second to sixth week of life; they then increased rapidly to about the 5ize of their mother's home range ( approximately 20 acres ) . Abstract: lEe behavior of four young snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) and the activities of a female during the fme she was canng for these young were determined by using radiotelemetry. The female was with her young only once each day for only S to 10 minutes. The time of returning was remarkably con- stant, and appeared to be related to a certain light intensity during the evening twilight period. The movements of a second female during a penod when she was known to have had two litters was also determined. It appeared that this family also assembled only once a day but later in the twilight period. lEe young spent the day in separate hiding plates and got together only about S to 10 minutes before the female returned to nurse them; they then dispersed and remained alone until the following evening Weekly home ranges of the young varied from 1.6 acres to 4.9 acres during the second to sixth week of life; they then increased rapidly to about the 5ize of their mother's home range ( approximately 20 acres ) .
Kommentierte Checkliste der Dytiscidae und Noteridae (Coleoptera) der Schweiz

A list of 115 species of Dytiscidae and 2 species of Noteridae, mostly based on revised collection material, is provided whose past or current presence in Switzerland has been confirmed or sufficiently well documented. Twenty nine species of Dytiscidae whose occurrence in Switzerland is highly unlikely are excluded from the Swiss list due to misidentifications or labelling errors. Justifications for the inclusion or exclusion in the list are detailed and comments are given for some species. Hyphydrus aubei Ganglbauer, 1892 and Stictonectes lepidus (Olivier, 1795) are recorded here for the first time from Switzerland.
Herbivory by Chewing and Sucking Insects on Tabebuia ochracea

Our study addresses the influence of Tabebuia ochracea leaf variation on insect herbivores. We studied the roles of leaf size, age, and hairyness in the feeding choices of chewing and sucking herbivores. The T. ochracea studied belonged to a single clone, thus decreasing the potential influences of host plant genetic and chemical variation on herbivore choice. Young and mature leaves showed the same amount of damage from chewing herbivores in the field. Homopterans (Rhabdotalebra spp.) and hemipterans (Tingis tecomae) occurred primarily on large leaves. The leaf area consumed by grasshoppers in a laboratory experiment was higher on young leaves than on mature leaves. Nevertheless, there was no difference in the choice by Rhabdotalebra spp. and T. tecomae for young vs mature leaves of T. ochracea. Mature, large leaves were chosen over mature, small leaves by Rhabdotalebra spp. and T. tecomae. In a laboratory experiment, T. tecomae did not choose between leaf circles of same size taken from large or small leaves, indicating that the most relevant factor in its food choice was leaf size. Nevertheless, Rhabdotalebra spp. significantly chose leaf circles taken from large leaves, indicating that leaf trichome density was an important component in its food choice. The differential distribution of small and large leaves was important in the food selection by T. tecomae; whereas, trichome density was a relevant factor in food selection by Rhabdotalebra spp.
Studies on monogenetic trematodes. XII. Dactylogyridae from Wisconsin fishes.

The 17 species of Monogenea treated herein were collected from Wisconsin waters in 1947 by Dr. R. V. Bangham of Wooster College, Wooster, Ohio, to whom the authors express a debt of gratitude. The host material was first frozen and then preserved in formalin. After arrival at our laboratory, the gills were placed in small vials about twothirds full of tap water and shaken vigorously in order to free the parasites from the branchial tissue. This material was then transferred to Syracuse watch glasses and diluted and decanted until clear enough for reliable exam: ination with a dissectoscope. Individual specimens were collected with a capillary pipette equipped with a rubber bulb and transferred to clear water for removal of excess mucus. Each of the permanent mounts was made by selecting a specimen microscopically with a capillary pipette and transferring it to a drop of solidified glycerin-gelatin medium on a clean glass slide. A cover glass which was placed thereon settled in place as the medium was melted with gentle heat. The slide was cooled, the medium congealed, and a permanent mount was thus produced. Measurements were made with a compound microscope and a calibrated ocular micrometer for (1) body length, (2) greatest body width, (3) length of haptoral bars, (4) length and (5) width of anchors, (6) length of cirrus, (7) length of accessory piece, (8) length of hooks, and (9) t-ransverse diameter of pharynx. Curved structures were measured as a straight line extending between the two most distant parts of such structures. Measurements of anchor lengths, for example, extend from the tip of the superficiat root to the most distant point on the curved portion in the region of junction of the shaft and point. The width of the anchors is the greatest width of an anchor base. A mean measurement was calculated (in the case of two or more specimens) and consists of an average derived from the measurements of the same structure in different individuals. All measurements, except those for body length, and body width which were made with a lowpower objective (16 mm), were done with an oil-immersion objective. Available specimens up to a maximum of 27, were used in the treatment of a given species. One species of Tetraonchinae (Urocleidus chrysops from the white bass, Lepibema chrysops) and seven Dactylogyrinae (Dactylogyrus attenuatus, D. claviformis, and D. lineatus (all) from the northern creek chub, Semotilus a. atromaculatus; D. distinctus from the northern mnimic shiner, Notropis v. volucellus; D. dubius, D. pyriformis, and D. vannus from the northern common shiner, Notropis cornutus frontalis) are new. The host distribution of the remaining nine species is as follows: Cleidodiscus
Extreme Thermophilia in a Central Australian Ant, Melophorus bagoti

The central Australian ant Melophorus bagoti is active during the hottest periods of the summer day. Despite soil surface temperatures exceeding 70° C and air temperatures at ant height exceeding 50° C, this species did not cease midday activity. Individuals were able to survive 2.5 min under these conditions without thermal respite. During natural foraging activity, however, thermal refuges were used during the hottest times of the day. In the laboratory the ants were found to have a critical thermal maximum (CTMax) of 56.7° C and were able to survive for 1 h at 54° C Peak activity in the field occurred when soil surface temperature was 60° C and air temperatures at ant height and ant body temperatures were both 46° C. Apart from being one of the most thermally tolerant animals known, M. bagoti is unique in its avoidance of "cooler" temperatures. During February and March this species did not begin its daily aboveground activity until the soil surface temperature reached a mean of 56.1° C and the air temperature at ant height was 43.9° C. In mid-April the corresponding temperatures at first activity were approximately 4° C lower, but activity ceased for winter shortly thereafter. There is no evidence linking polymorphism in this species with its thermal biology.
A numerical investigation of the oceanic general circulation

An ocean basin of uniform depth is considered. It is bounded laterally by two meridians. Temperature and wind stress are specified as functions of latitude at the upper surface. The physical model is similar to that used in previous models of the oceanic thermocline, except that the momentum equations of the horizontal velocity components are retained in nearly complete form. Solutions are obtained by the direct numerical integration of a corresponding initial value problem using an electronic computer. Dimensional analysis indicates that the system depends on 5 basic parameters. The geophysically significant range of these parameters is investigated in 8 numerical experiments. Computations with and without wind stress show the interaction of the thermohaline and the wind-driven components of the large scale circulation. Without wind a single large anticyclonic gyre extends over the entire surface of the basin. There is a shallow western boundary current, extending to high latitudes, and a vertically uniform southward drift in the interior from the surface down to the base of the thermocline. A sluggish cyclonic gyre exists below the thermocline. The addition of a wind stress pattern corresponding to a maximum in the westerlies at 45°N leads to the formation of an additional cyclonic gyre in subarctic latitudes. In spite of the simplified boundary conditions the solutions with wind stress reproduce many details of the observed density structure in the North Atlantic, particularly in the subtropical gyre. A more quantitative comparison with North Atlantic data indicates that a choice of the vertical diffusion coefficient, ? , to be 1 cm 2 /s gives an approximate fit to the thermocline depth and estimates of the total poleward transport of heat. The corresponding renewal time for deep water, however, is considerably less than that indicated by C 14 data. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1967. tb01459.x
The role of fluctuating temperatures in germination and establishment of Sorghum halepense. Regulation of germination at increasing depths

Field and laboratory tests explored the response of Sorghum halepense seeds to fluctuations in soil temperature, and whether that response serves as a mechanism for sensing depth and regulating seed germination. Seedling production in the field was severely curtailed when seeds were planted at increasing soil depths. Soil-temperature fluctuations were strongly dependent on depth. When soil columns containing seeds were incubated at alternating temperatures of 20 and 30°C, however, seed germination did not diminish with increasing depth, and an evaluation of how soil-surface shading affects the perception of depth by the seeds indicated that soil cover reduced germination of only those seeds in the upper strata of the profile (.)
Role of NADP~+-Dependent Dihydroxyacetone Reductase from Dunaliella salina in the Osmoregulation Process

A NADP~+-dependent dihydroxy-acetone reductase isolated from Dunaliel-la salina is an enzyme which catalyzesspecifically the reversible reaction be-tween dihydroxyacetone and glycerol.The pH optima for dihydroxyacetonereduction and for glycerol oxidationwere 7. 5 and 9. 0, respectively.NADPH was oxidised by the enzymeduring dihydroxyacetone reduction,and the rate was 21. 0 umol mg~(-1) pro-tein min~(-1); NADP~+ was reduced dur-ing glycerol oxidation, and the ratewas 28. 2 umcl mg~(-1) protein min~(-1). When algal cells were subjected toa hyperosmotic shock from a solutionof 1. 5 mol/L to 3. 5 mol/L of NaC1,the intracellular glycerol content in-creased by 2. 0 mol/L. The dihydroxy-acetone reductase activity in glycerolsynthesis was higher than that of glyc-erol conversion and increased by120%. After a hypoosmotic treatmentfrom a solution of 3 mol/L to a solu-tion of 1 mol/L of NaC1, the intracel-lular glycerol content decreased by 2. 1mol/L, and the catalytic activity ofthe enzyme for glycerol conversion in-creased by 32%. It is suggested thatdihydroxyacetone reductase is a keyenzyme in glycerol synthesis and con-version in the osmoregulation ofDunaliella salina.
Variation in foraging behaviour among individuals and populations of dogwhelks, Nucella lapillus : natural constraints on energy intake

SUMMARY (1) The behaviour of dogwhelks, Nucella lapillus (L.), predatory gastropods of rocky shores, was quantified by tracking populations of tagged individuals at two sites over three periods of 4-6 weeks. The dogwhelks fed upon mussels, Mytilus edulis L. , or barnacles, Semibalanus balanoides (L.). Prey consumption and use of refuges by individuals were recorded on each daytime low tide. Variation among diets thus characterized was analysed to determine the effects on foraging behaviour of locality and previous experience of prey, and to compare observed behaviour with predictions of Optimal Foraging Theory. (2) Path analysis allowed the largest source of variation among individuals to be traced to the predominant species of prey in the diet, largely reflecting availability at specific sites. Dogwhelks transplanted between sites retained a slight preference for their original prey type. (3) Diets comprised largely of mussels included fewer, larger prey and provided a greater energy intake than diets comprised largely of barnacles. Dogwhelks feeding on barnacles spent a greater proportion of time foraging and were more likely to engage in extended bouts of sequential attacks. (4) Larger dogwhelks tended to include a greater proportion of mussels in their diet and to take more, larger prey of either type, resulting in greater energy intake. Larger dogwhelks were also more likely to engage in longer foraging bouts. (5) Differences in time-budgets between individuals taking smaller, less profitable prey and those taking larger, more profitable prey are consistent with the idea of a digestion-rate constraint or the miximization of absorption rate, given an optimal rate of gut processing. Further reduction in the time spent foraging is due to sheltering in refuges during harsh conditions. Dogwhelks thus appear to be able to integrate characteristics of their internal state with those of the environment (prey availability and mortality risk) when making foraging decisions.
Relationship between Dam Growth Patterns and her Productivity in Japanese Black Cattle

黒毛和種雌牛の発育様相と生産能力との関係を調べる目的で,農林水産省中国農業試験場畜産部で生産された75頭の繁殖雌牛の発育記録を分析して,体重と体高測定値に最も良く適合する発育モデルを検索した. また雌牛の繁殖能力および産子の離乳前発育能力に対するEPD (Expected Progeny Difference)と発育モデルを規定するパラメータ推定値ならびにモデルから推定した月齢値との関連性を検討した. 繁殖能力としては初産分娩時の年齢,平均分娩間隔,生産年数当たりの産子数および雌牛の年齢当たりの産子数をとりあげた. 離乳前の発育形質には産子の180日齢体重ならびに体高測定値,生時から180日齢までの体重と体高の増加量をとりあげた. EPDはHENDERSON (1973)が示したBLUP法を用いて算出し,雌牛の育種価と見做した. 5非線型発育モデル(Brody, Logistic, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy, Richards)への適合個体数は,体重ではGompertzとBrodyで多くvon Bertalanffyで少なかったが,体高ではすべてのモデルが適合した. モヂルヘの適合程度を残差平均平方と寄与率でみると,体重と体高のいずれについてもRichardsの適合度が優れていたため,以後の分析には同モデルを採用した. 成熟サイズ(A),積分定数(B),成熟速度(K),曲線の型を規定するパラメータ(M)の推定値と,初産分娩年齢,平均分娩間隔,生産年数当たりの産子数との相関はいずれも低く,体重のB,Mならびに体高のAと雌牛の年齢当たりの産子数との間に有意な負の相関がみられたにすぎなかった(それぞれr=-0.336,-0.329,-0,291). 体高のAと180日齢体重のEPDとの間には有意な正の相関が認められたが(r=0.303),その他の体重と体高の発育パラメータと,離乳前の体重と体高の増加量や180日齢体高のEPDとの相関は有意ではなかった. 雌牛の体重と体高の実測値とEPDとの相関は雌牛の月齢により著しく変動した. 一方,モデルから推定した6～48ヵ月齢までの雌牛の体重推定値と,産子の離乳前増体量ならびに180日齢体重のEPDとの相関はいずれも有意であった(r=0.312～0.525). また,18～48ヵ月齢までの体高推定値と180日齢体高ならびに生時から90日齢までの体高増加量との間には有意な正の相関が認められた(r=0.316～0.370). ただし,6～48ヵ月齢時の雌牛の体重ならびに体高推定値と,90～180日齢までの体高増加量のEPDとの相関はいずれも低かった. これらの結果から,雌牛の体のサイズは産子の離乳前の発育形質のEPDと正の関係があるが,Richardsのモデルからの推定値を使用すれば相関関係が明瞭になることが認められた.
Variation in Rana Pipiens Schreber in Texas

Leopard frogs (Rana pipiens Schreber) from Texas were examined morphologically and used in intraspecific hybridization tests to describe the variation of this anuran in the state. The morphological analysis suggests that there are three morpho-units separated by lines running along the western boundary of the Texan province and the southern boundary of the Kansan province. Hybridization tests indicate that Central x East Texas hybrid embryos are recognizable from their controls only when reared under conditions of salinity stress. This work was initiated to determine whether the leopard frog (Rana pipiens Schreber) has developed a demonstrable morphophysiological gradation of characters along a habitat gradient which extends from Central through East Texas. Specimens from outside the study area were also examined to elucidate statewide trends in morphological variation. This study is based on the examination of 625 adult (i.e., over 45 mm snout-vent length) and 215 juvenile leopard frogs, and upon the results of 76 artificial hybridization experiments. The study was undertaken for several reasons. First, cursory unpublished experiments conducted at the University of Texas had indicated that offspring from crosses between Central and East Texas leopard frogs were not as viable as their controls. Second, the morphology of the adults varies over the state, but this variation has never been adequately described using a large sample of specimens. Third, although numerous crossings experiments with Texas R. pipiens have been conducted (Moore, 1946; 1949), the specimens used have all been collected in Ward County. Genetic variation within the state of Texas as revealed by crossing experiments is therefore an untouched field. Finally, although Moore and others (Moore, 1939, et. seq.; Porter, 1941; Ruibal, 1955, 1957; Volpe, 1957) have attempted to establish the major trends in variation of certain physiological characters of R. pipiens embryos, no one has made a concentrated study of specimens from a relatively small geographic area. I am indebted to Dr. W. F. Blair for suggesting this problem and for advice during its progress. My wife, Martha Kay, assisted in the field collecting and in preparation of the figures.
A note on recent research in geometrical probability

The subject of geometrical probability has recently shown signs of renewed vigour which is partly due to the attractive nature of the many unsolved problems which it contains, and partly the ever widening field of applications. These applications are so diverse and so scattered in the literatures of different branches of science that when Professor M.G. Kendall and I published a monograph on the subject in 1963 some interesting papers were ignored. Others have since appeared and the purpose of the present paper is to survey, in a very brief manner, work not described in that book. In fact the present bibliography, which contains 94 items, is disjoint from the bibliography in our joint monograph.
Growth and hare resistance of birches : testing defense theories

We tested resistance to the hare (Lepus timidus) of one-year-old seedlings of ten birch (Betula) species showing different life history strategics. Also, we tested the effect of fertilization and shading on the resistance and growth of eight species, including several geographic origins of some. Resistance varied substantially and consistently among the ten birch species. both in field and in cafeteria experiments. Three species exhibited high resistance (B. ermanii. B. platyphylla, and B. resinifera), and six high susceptibility (B. alleghaniensis, B. grossa, B. maximowicziana. B. papyrifera, B. pubescens and B. schmidtii). B. pendula exhibited substantial variation in resistance among individuals and origins. Inherently fast-growing species showed a strong response to fertilization. Growth rate was not related to resistance/susceptibility at the species level. Fertilization significantly lowered the apparent resistance of two of the three resistant species (B. resinifera was invariant), but did not change the susceptible species. Shading substantially decreased seedling mass at high, but not at low nutrient levels, and generally had only a minor effect on resistance. The resistance of B. pendula and B. platyphylla seedlings from different geographic origins varied significantly, but growth and resistance of these seedlings were not related. There was no significant difference in resistance between the easternmost of the western Siberian and the Finnish origins of B. pendula, nor was there any east-west (55°-78°E longitude) clinal trend in its resistance. The resistance of progeny from fast growing Finnish B. pendula families (plus trees) was similar to that of randomly selected forest origins from Finland and western Siberia. Resistance and growth were not related in this comparison either. These results emphasize the great genetic and phenotypic variabiiity both within and among birch species but lend little support for the hypothesis predicting a trade-off between growth and hare defense investments in one-year-old birch scedlings.
Influence of NaF on seed germination, membrane stability and some Biochemicals content in Vigna seedlings

The effect of sodium fluoride (0.1, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 mM NaF) was studied on germination behaviour, membrane stability and some biochemical parameters in in-vitro grown seedlings of Vigna radiata L. After 7 days of treatment germination percentage, root length, shoot length, vigour index, percentage of chlorophyll stability index (CSI), membrane stability index (MSI) and soluble protein content were decreased in seedlings under fluoride stress. Sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment resulted in a significant enhancement of osmolytes such as proline and total soluble sugars content. Thus, the results of this experiment indicate that NaF disturbed the seed germination, seedling growth and membrane stability whereas, increased proline and carbohydrates in Vigna seedlings.