Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescent fertility : an emerging issue in sub-Saharan Africa

This report reviews and synthesizes available evidence about adolescent fertility in sub - Saharan Africa. Recent studies, primarily from West Africa, suggest relatively high levels of sexual activity, pregnancy, and induced abortion among young unmarried women. Also, relative to most African women, large numbers of sexually active teenagers are using modern contraceptive measures, which appears to reflect a substantial motivation to avoid pregnancy. The paper attempts to place the findings within a broader social context and also examines the personal and social consequences of adolescent sexual activity. It is argued that these issues are likely to become increasingly important in Africa in the near future due to urbanization and the dramatic growth of secondary schooling.
Coordinated observations of magnetospheric reconfiguration during an overshielding event

During 1400–1800 UT on September 15, 2005, the solar wind exhibited large variations and caused a moderate magnetic storm. The Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar, located near the local noon, observed an overshielding event after the northward turning of interplanetary magnetic field. The overshielding event featured distinct increase and decrease phases. We have examined the magnetospheric configuration variation with the geosynchronous observations provided by GOES12 (dayside) and LANL 97A (nightside), as well as the tail magnetic field monitored by Double Star TC1. The results suggested that the time‐dependent magnetospheric reconfiguration process is closely related to the development of equatorial electric field. We speculate that the magnetospheric reconfiguration may cause equatorial ionosphere electric field disturbances through affecting the Region 2 field aligned current.
MUSIC THERAPY AND SPIRITUAL TREATMENT TO REDUCE PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE BURNS

Introduction :Pain is a problem experienced by patients with burns. Pain reduction is the main focus in the management of burn patients. Non-pharmacological treatment options with music therapy and spiritual care approaches are part of nursing care. Objective : The study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of music therapy and spiritual care in reducing pain during dressing changes for burn patients. Materials and methods :The study used a quasi experiment pre-post test method on 30 burn patients with the music therapy and other with spiritual care intervention. Samples were taken using accidental sampling. Patients were measured for pain level using Numeric rating scale (NRS). Data were analysed using univariate analysis, dependent t-test and an independent t-test to compare between music therapy and spiritual care. Result : Music therapy and spiritual care have a significant effect on the measurement results before and after the intervention resulting in a value of (P=0.000) p <  (0.005). While the mean difference between music therapy and spiritual care after after dressing change (P=0.000) and (t= 5.875). Conclusion : There is an effect of music therapy intervention and spiritual care on reducing pain in burn patients undergoing dressing change procedures. Spiritual care had a higher average reduction than music therapy.
Penetration Resistance of Offshore Skirted Foundations and Anchors in Dense Sand

Penetration of skirts is an essential design issue for offshore skirted foundations and anchors in sand. Skirts may not penetrate far enough into dense sand by the available submerged weight alone. It may therefore be necessary to apply underpressure inside the skirt compartment to produce an increased driving force and to reduce the penetration resistance. This paper recommends procedures to calculate penetration resistance and required underpressure for skirts penetrated in dense sand with and without interbedded clay layers. The recommendations are based on interpretation of skirt penetration data from prototypes, field model tests, and laboratory model tests in dense sand. The paper first presents a model to calculate the penetration resistance of skirts penetrated by weight, or other external vertical load that does not cause flow of water in the sand. Two models are considered; one based on bearing capacity equations with friction angles from laboratory tests, and the other one based on empirical correlations with CPT tip resistance. The bearing capacity model gives more consistent correlations with the empirical data than the CPT model. Thereafter, a model to account for the effect of underpressure applied inside the skirt compartment is proposed. This model is developed based on interpretation of available prototype and model test data from skirts penetrated by underpressure. The results show that underpressure facilitates skirt penetration in sand considerably by providing both an additional penetration force and a reduced penetration resistance. It is also shown that interbedded clay layers can prevent flow of water through the sand and eliminate the beneficial reduction in penetration resistance.
Gingival inflammation induction in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats: A pilot study

Pregnancy gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingiva caused by dental plaque and exacerbated by hormonal changes. Gingival inflammation is often induced in laboratory animal models, such as SpragueDawley rats used for experimental models. This investigation was to establish inducing gingival inflammation in pregnant rats. The purpose of this study was to establish a reproducible method for inducing gingival inflammation in both incisive mandibles of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats using ligation and dietary manipulation. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental subjects. As ligation, 4-0 nonresorbable silk thread was utilized and affixed using a “8”-shaped knot technique. The ligatures were inserted between the mandible’s central incisors. The operation was carried out under anaesthesia. Once the rat’s ligature was removed after 5th,7th,10th and 14th days. The clinical appearance and radiographic examination were evaluated. Gingival inflammation induction by ligation and dietary intake modification caused inflammation of gingival tissue, was seen at 5th day. Clinical examination showed getting worst at 14th day. In our study, gingival inflammation on pregnant rat was achieved five days after ligation and dietary intake modification.
Discharge Relationships between Xuliujing of Yangtze River Estuary and Datong

Based on the discharge data of Datong(DT) in the Changjiang(CJ) and Xuliujing(XLJ) in the Changjiang Estuary(CE) of 2008,the discharge relationship between XLJ and DT is studied.The results show that the process of daily discharge of XLJ is almost consistent with that of DT;but there is a time delay of 4 to 6 days between the process of daily discharge of XLJ and DT;there are 14.8 days,28.4 days and 166.6 days period components of the difference between daily discharge of XLJ and DT,which correspond to half-month,monthly and spring-to-autumn cycle of tide respectively;the discharge of XLJ is a little greater than that of DT from the view of the whole year;so the discharge of DT can be used to represent the discharge of CJ into the sea.
Transport and retention of the mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ) in a Mid-Atlantic estuary: Predictions from a larval transport model

Invasive species cause extensive ecological damage in freshwater and marine habitats and are a threat to biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems world-wide. One such species, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, has invasive populations in northern Europe and San Francisco Bay, and there are confirmed reports of breeding female crabs in both the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. Despite their threat to these ecosystems, there are still large gaps in the current understanding of this species’ larval biology that are critical to predicting the potential for large populations to establish in East Coast bays and estuaries. We addressed these issues by using a physical circulation model of Delaware Bay and the adjacent coastal ocean coupled to a modified particle advection scheme. We used this model to examine the effects of different physical mechanisms and larval behavior on transport, retention, and settlement of larvae in the bay. The circulation model produced flow fields using observed winds and river discharge for 2006 as well as systematic variations of river discharge and wind direction. Since little is known regarding mitten crab larval behavior, the larval component was purposefully general and incorporated a suite of behaviors such as tidal, diel, and ontogenetic vertical migration; however, results of this study showed that vertical migration affects the magnitude, but not locations of larval settlement. Simulations revealed that changes in the time and location of spawning can result in large variations in retention and settlement of larvae in Delaware Bay and the coastal ocean, due to seasonal variations of the physical flow field. Overall results of our study showed that the estuarine and coastal circulation typically found along the Middle Atlantic coast of the United States can result in significant retention of new and established E. sinensis populations in large estuaries as well as transport of larvae to new coastal locations.
Transient marine electromagnetics in shallow water: A sensitivity and resolution study of the vertical electric field at short ranges

ABSTRACTWe analyzed the sensitivity of transient step-off responses of shallow-water marine controlled-source electromagnetic configurations, specifically, horizontal electric dipole sources and vertical electric dipole receivers in the near field of the time domain (HED-Ez(t)). The capabilities of this configuration were compared with commonly used configurations, specifically, horizontal electric dipole sources and horizontal electric dipole receivers in the frequency domain (HED-Ex(f)). By examining some simplified models of local hydrocarbon reservoirs representing separate resistive bodies of limited size buried at different depths in the conductive sediments, and an example of a complex 3D geologic structure, the applications of HED-Ez(t) and HED-Ex(f) configurations and their limitations in terms of depth, size, and transverse resistance were evaluated.
Correlation between Preoperative MRI Parameters and Oswestry Disability Index in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Retrospective Study

Background and Objectives: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative condition posing significant challenges in clinical management. Despite the use of radiological parameters and patient-reported outcome measures like the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for evaluation, there is limited understanding of their interrelationship. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between preoperative MRI parameters and ODI scores in patients with LSS undergoing surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 86 patients diagnosed with LSS over a 5-year period. Preoperative MRI measurements, including the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle, lumbar canal stenosis, neural foramina area, and facet joint osteoarthritis, were assessed. ODI scores were collected preoperatively and at a 1-year follow-up. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 26). Results: Weak to moderate correlations were observed between certain MRI parameters and ODI scores. The initial ODI score had a weak positive correlation with the severity of lumbar canal stenosis according to Schizas criteria (rho = 0.327, p = 0.010) and a moderate negative correlation with the relative cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle (rho = −0.498, p = 0.000). At 1-year follow-up, the ODI had a weak negative correlation with the relative cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle (rho = −0.284, p = 0.026). Conclusions: While the severity of LSS showed a weak correlation with initial ODI, it was not a predictor of 1-year postoperative ODI. Furthermore, although the cross-sectional area of the thecal sac, the sagittal area of the neural foramen, and the grade of facet joint osteoarthritis influence the imagistic severity, none of them correlate with ODI. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive model that integrates multiple imaging and clinical parameters for a holistic understanding of LSS and its functional outcomes.
Impact of uncertainties in meteorological forcing data and land surface parameters on global estimates of terrestrial water balance components

The quality of near‐surface meteorology and land surface parameters strongly influences the simulation of terrestrial water balance components by land surface models. In this article, the sensitivity of global estimates of terrestrial water balance components to uncertainties in meteorological forcing data and land surface parameters is investigated using the SWAP land surface model and different global datasets. The latter were prepared within the framework of the International Satellite Land‐Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative II and the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP‐2). Sixteen variants of estimations of mean annual water balance components on the global scale were obtained. The discrepancies among the variants were found to be large: global annual run‐off varied by 1·9 times; its surface and sub‐surface components by 2·2 and 1·8 times, respectively; run‐off ratio by 1·5 times and the other hydrological quantities by 1·2–1·3 times. Uncertainties in precipitation datasets translate to uncertainties in run‐off and evapotranspiration depending on the ratio of real evapotranspiration to its potential value E/E0. In the areas with high E/E0, differences in P across precipitation datasets mainly translated to differences in R. In the areas with the lowest values of E/E0, run‐off is nearly insensitive to changes in P, while uncertainty in P mostly translates to uncertainty in E. Uncertainties in E and R due to different radiation datasets are the same in absolute units. Impact of uncertainties in soil parameters on estimations of water balance components can be comparable with the impact of uncertainties in forcing data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial Prediction of Fire Ignition Probabilities: Comparing Logistic Regression and Neural Networks

The objective of this work was to develop and validate models to predict spatially distributed probabilities of ignition of wildland fires in central Portugal. The models were constructed by exploring relationships between ignition location/cause and values of geographical and environmental variables using logistic regression and neural networks. The conclusions are that (1) the spatial patterns of fire ignition identified can be used for prediction, (2) the spatial patterns are different for the different causes, (3) the logistic models and the neural networks both reveal acceptable levels of predictive ability but the neural networks present better accuracy and robustness, (4) the maps produced by the two methods are similar, and (5) the information contained in the spatial position of ignition events can be used to gain predictive capability over an important phenomenon that is difficult to characterize and, for that reason, has not been included in most of the currently used fire danger estimation systems.
Differences in Performance and Conductivity Persistence of New Reduced Graphene Oxide Air Filter Materials before and after Eliminating Static Electricity

Improving the filtration efficiency of air filter materials is an ongoing research goal. This study conducted in-depth research on a new reduced graphene oxide air filter material, and the differences in its performance and conductivity durability before and after eliminating static electricity were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the filtration efficiency of the reduced graphene oxide air filter material significantly decreased after eliminating static electricity. The maximum decrease in filtration efficiency was observed at a filtration velocity of 0.8 m/s, with PM10 > PM1.0 > PM2.5. In this case, the filtration efficiency decreased by 11.8%, 7.98%, and 7.17%, respectively. The maximum difference in filtration efficiency of 0.29 μm particulates was about 12.7%. Eliminating static electricity slightly increased the resistance (2.5~15.5 Pa). In addition, the new reduced graphene oxide air filter material exhibited good conductivity and stability after continuous testing. This study provides data support for the application of subsequent electrification sterilization, reference values for multi-angle applications, and the development of new composite air filter materials.
Isotropic/nematic and sol/gel transitions in aqueous suspensions of size selected nontronite NAu 1

Abstract The phase behaviour of aqueous suspensions of NAu 1 nontronite was studied on size-selected particles by combining osmotic pressure measurements, visual observations under polarized light, rheological experiments and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). NAu 1 suspensions display a liquid crystalline behaviour as they exhibit a Isotropic/Nematic (I/N) transition that occurs before the sol/gel transition for ionic strengths below 10-3 M/L. This I/N transition shifts towards lower volume fractions for increasing particle anisotropy and its position in the phase diagram agrees well with the theoretical predictions for platelets. SAXS measurements reveal the presence of characteristic interparticular distances in the isotropic, nematic and gel phases. In the gel phase a local lamellar order is observed which shows that the ‘‘house of cards’’ model is not appropriate for describing the gel structure in swelling clay materials at low ionic strength. Furthermore, by combining results from osmotic pressure measurements and X-ray scattering, it appears that the pressure of the system can be well described using a simple Poisson-Boltzmann treatment based on the repulsion between charged infinite parallel planes. In terms of rheological properties, even if the thermodynamical status of the sol/gel transition remains partially unclear, the yield stress and elasticity of the gels can be easily renormalized for all particle sizes on the basis of the volume of the particles. Furthermore, rheological modelling of the flow curves shows that for all the particles an approach based on excluded volume effects captures most features of nontronite suspensions.
Digital Communication and Work–Life Supportive Supervisor Behaviors in Europe

The spread of digital communication in the employee–supervisor exchange relation has increased the risks of blurred boundaries between life domains and, subsequently, the need for work–life supportive supervisor behaviors (WLSSB). However, media richness and social presence theory indicate that WLSSB is simultaneously at risk because close bonds with supervisors are more difficult to develop and challenges in integrating work and personal life are more difficult to be signaled and understood. Following social network theory in the argument that it is not only the characteristic of the medium that is of importance but also the social embeddedness of its use, this research asks to what extent the association of digital communication with one’s supervisor and perceived WLSSB is context‐dependent. The overall results based on the European Social Survey (round 10) reveal that in‐person communication is more strongly associated with WLSSB than digital communication. However, more nuanced investigations suggest that this is not necessarily driven by the richness of the mode of communication. We find that the meaning of digital communication with one’s supervisor gains importance in size and significance (a) where it complements seldom in‐person communication, (b) where the organizational norm of high work devotion is weak, and (c) where work–life supportive state policies are pronounced. We conclude that the implications of digital communication for WLSSB are dependent on the centrality of digital communication in opportunities for the exchange of WLSSB and dependent on supervisors’ interest and agency to enact WLSSB in digital work communication.
Some Marine Algae of the Southern Marshall Islands

No RECORDS OF MARINE ALGAE from the southern atolls of the Marshall Islands have heretofore appeared in the literature. Indeed, our only account of the marine vegetation of this far-flung archipelago is that by W. R. Taylor (1950) dealing with Bikini and other northern atolls of the group. A recent opportunity to visit several of these atolls with a field team under the leadership of Dr. Bruce W. Halstead resulted in the gathering of a considerable collection of algae from Kwajalein,Jaluit, and Majuro atolls3• To this has been added, through the kindness of Dr. M. S. Doty of the University of Hawaii, a large collection obtained by Mr. Leonard Horwitz on Arno Atoll4• These combined collections are so numerous that time has not yet permitted a study of all of the material. What is given here is an annotated list of those specimens which have been examined to date, exclusive of a number of apparently undescribed species and
Fault and magmatic interaction within Iceland's western rift over the last 9 kyr

We present high-resolution 'Chirp' sub-bottom profiler data from Thingvallavatn, a lake in Iceland's western rift zone. These data are combined with stratigraphic constraints from sediment cores to show that movement on normal faults since 9 ka are temporally correlated with magmatic events, indicating that movements were controlled by episodic dyke intrusion. Sediment depo-centres and the focus of subsidence migrated westwards over 3-4 kyr towards the locus of subsequent brittle failure. We interpret this subsidence as related to dyke intrusion a few km along strike, originating from the Hengill volcanic system, which occurred prior to major dyking, faulting and subsidence within the lake at 1.9 ka.
Bank Digital Transformation and Enterprise Innovation—Evidence from China

With the rapid advancement of digital technology, the banking industry has embarked on a journey of digital transformation. While existing literature primarily examines how these changes impact the banks themselves, our study focuses on a relatively unexplored aspect: the direct influence of bank digital transformation on the performance and behavior of borrowing enterprises. The research objective of this study is to explore the influence of bank digital transformation on the innovation performance of borrowing enterprises and the underlying mechanisms. Leveraging data from Chinese listed companies and commercial banks, we find a positive effect of bank digital transformation on enterprise innovation output as measured by firms’ patent applications. The findings remain robust across alternative model specifications, controls for regional digital economy development levels, and bank financial performance, as well as alternative measures of bank digital transformation. Mechanism tests show that bank digital transformation contributes to corporate innovation by alleviating corporate financial constraints and improving corporate governance. Further research demonstrates that bank digital transformation also helps promote corporate innovation efficiency as measured by the proportion of patent output to total R&D input and corporate innovation output as measured by firms’ invention patent applications and patent grants. Additionally, borrowing firms’ own digital transformations may substitute for bank digital transformation in their effect on innovations.