Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Optimal and Suboptimal Nutrient Management on Nutrient Changes, Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Rice in Submerged Soil

Field experiment was carried out to study the effect of optimal and suboptimal dose of nutrient management on nutrient changes in soil, yield of and nutrient uptake by transplanted rice. The pH of the soil increased up to 40 days after transplanting whereas Eh decreased (−100 to -170 mV). Salinity and soil available NH4-N and K decreased continuously with the increase in period of soil submergence. Availability of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in soil decreased up to 30 days after transplanting, increased up to 40 days followed by a decrease thereafter with the increase in rate of N application. In general, pH of soil solution increased up to 40 days, then decreased up to 50 days, followed thereafter by an increase of soil submergence, whereas salinity and nutrient concentration in soil solution decreased with the progress of crop growth and period of soil submergence. Fertilizer application resulted in comparatively more decrease in Eh over control and N application influenced the magnitude of availability of nutrients in soil and dynamics of salinity. though the pattern of changes were almost the same irrespective of treatments. There was significant increase in grain yield when N was applied in combination with P and K. Nutrient uptake increased with the increase in fertilizer application and also with the progress of crop growth.
The Influence of Stratification on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Narrow-Leaved Lavender and its Cultivars

The research was conducted in the years 2009-2011. The research material included narrow-leaved lavender Lavandula angustiolia and its three cultivars: ‘Hidcote Blue Strain’, ‘Hidcote Superior’ and ‘Rosea’. Five variants of seed stratification were used: 1. control (seeds which did not undergo stratification); 2. seeds stratified for 4 weeks; 3. seeds stratified for 6 weeks; 4 seeds stratified for 8 weeks; 5. seeds stratified for 10 weeks. The following measurements and observations were performed during the experiment: earliness of seedling emergence depending on the stratification time, biometric characteristics of the seedling height, number of leaves, number of stems and the average root length. Seeds of narrow-leaved lavender and its cultivars, emerge more rapidly and effectively when subjected to a stratification treatment at 4C, as compared to unstratified seeds. Regardless of the taxon, a 4-week stratification period is too short to overcome dormancy in the majority of seeds and to improve their emergence.
Responses of Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) Populations to Supplemental Food

In this study I determined the responses of red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) populations to long-term supplemental food and tested the hypothesis that squirrel populations are limited by available food. Squirrel populations were sampled by live trapping on replicate study areas in mature coniferous forest near Prince George and in the Cariboo, British Columbia from June 1983 to June 1986. The Average abundande of squirrels in fed populations was 3-4 times higher than in controls during the 2 years of supplemental feeding. More adults were recruited into feld than into control populations. The fed population had longer breeding seasons and some females may have had two litters copmpared with only one in the controls. There were no consistent differences in survival between control andfed populations. Population densities declined slowly after the food was withdrawn from the experimental areas, and population declined slowly after the food was withdrawn from the experimental areas, and population characteristics gradually approached those of the control. Food limits population size in the red squirrel and is likely a driving factor in population fluctuations
Book Review: An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity

An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity By Allan Anderson Cambridge, England: Cambridge Universify Press 2004. xiii, 302 pp. paper. $23.99 Reviewed by Peter A. Huff By most accounts, Pentecostalism is the fastest growing Christian movement in the world today. One estimate places the current Pentecostal and charismatic population at 500 million a fourth of the planet’s entire Christian community. Much of this growth has occurred since Walter Hollenweger, Robert Anderson, Vinson Synan, and a handful of other pioneers established the field of Pentecostalism studies in the 1970s. This book, written by a “sympathetic yet critical insider” (xii), provides an engaging introduction to the international Pentecostal experience. Drawing from extensive field research and the most recent critical literature, it advances contemporary Pentecostalism scholarship by taking seriously the impressive internal diversity and the full global sweep of this “new reformation of the church” (15). Anderson treats Pentecostalism as both historical force and intellectual tradition. His historical analysis traces the development of three variants of modern Christianity: classical Pentecostalism, charismatic renewal movements in non-Pentecostal denominations, and independent Christian movements emphasizing supernaturalism and evangelistic zeal. Anderson challenges the myth of Pentecostalism’s North American origins, documenting Pentecostal impulses in Third World contexts that paralleled or predated the 1906-09 Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles. His call to “rectify the historiographical imperialism and ethnocentrism” (183) in Pentecostal studies intersects with other efforts to eliminate Western bias from the study of global Christianity. His critique of “missionary paternalism” (176) invites reexamination of the relationship between U.S. Pentecostals and their coreligionists around the world. The same concern to highlight the multicultural character of the Pentecostal heritage is evident in the book’s exploration of Pentecostal and charismatic theological themes. Chapters concentrate on pneumatology, evangelism, eschatology, and Pentecostal reflections on religion’s role in society. Anderson skillfully guides the reader through intra-Pentecostal debates on tongues speaking and issues of race, class, and gender. His insights into the ecumenical significance of the Pentecostal tradition and his portrayal of Pentecostalism as a flawed but prophetic theology of liberation expand conventional academic profiles of Pentecostal spirituality. He gives relatively no attention to questions of Pentecostal ecclesiology. Anderson’s prose is clear, and his commitment to the evidence informs the argument on every page. His is simply the best scholarly introduction to world Pentecostalism on the market today. Church leaders, specialists, advanced undergraduates, and graduate students in missiology and church history will benefit from this penetrating study.
Qualidade da muda e produtividade de alface orgânica com condicionadores de substrato

O uso dos residuos orgânicos como componentes de substrato para producao de mudas de hortalicas propicia a obtencao de materiais alternativos, de facil disponibilidade e baixo custo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de condicionadores de substratos na qualidade da muda orgânica e o efeito dessas mudas sobre a produtividade da alface em sistema orgânico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos constaram dos substratos orgânicos compostos de casca de arroz carbonizada (T1), fibra casca de coco (T2), composto orgânico (T3), substrato comercial Golden(r) utilizado como tratamento controle (T4), estipe de palmeira picado (T5) e caule decomposto de sumauma (T6). A cultivar utilizada (Vera) possui folhas crespas e soltas, com coloracao verde-claras adaptada a clima quente. Foi instalado um experimento em viveiro e outro em campo, ambos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repeticoes, sendo a unidade experimental de 10 mudas no viveiro e seis planta em campo, realizados no periodo de marco a abril de 2013 em cultivo protegido em Rio Branco-AC. Avaliou-se aos 24 dias apos a semeadura o indice de qualidade das mudas (IQD), a massa seca das partes aerea e raiz. No experimento a campo, aos 45 dias apos o transplantio, avaliou-se a massa seca da parte aerea, massa fresca comercial e produtividade da alface. O substrato contendo estipe de palmeira como condicionador produziu mudas com maior indice de qualidade, seguido dos condicionadores casca de arroz carbonizada, fibra de casca de coco, composto orgânico e caule decomposto de sumauma que nao diferiram entre si. Os substratos contendo casca de arroz carbonizada, fibra de casca de coco, sumauma e palmeira, proporcionam maior massa fresca comercial (220; 230; 207 e 208 g/planta, respectivamente), massa seca da parte aerea e produtividade (2,44; 2,56; 2,30 e 2,31 kg/m2, respectivamente) da alface em sistema orgânico de producao, podendo ser substituidos entre si sem perda de produtividade.
Interference of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) in Corn (Zea mays)

Redroot pigweed is a major weed in corn throughout Ontario. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 1991 and 1992 to determine the influence of selected densities and emergence times of redroot pigweed on corn growth and grain yield. Redroot pigweed densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 plants per m of row were established within 12.5 cm on either side of the corn row. In both years, redroot pigweed seeds were planted concurrently and with corn at the 3- to 5-leaf stage of corn growth. A density of 0.5 redroot pigweed per m of row from the first (earlier) emergence date of pigweed (in most cases, up to the 4-leaf stage of corn) or four redroot pigweed per m of row from the second (later) emergence date of pigweed (in most cases, between the 4- and 7-leaf stage of corn) reduced corn yield by 5%. Redroot pigweed emerging after the 7-leaf stage of corn growth did not reduce yield. Redroot pigweed seed production was dependent upon its density and time of emergence. The time of redroot pigweed emergence, relative to corn, may be more important than its density in assessing the need for postemergence control.
Abundance, distribution and species composition of fish larvae in the Swartkops estuary

A two-year quantitative survey of the ichthyoplankton of the Swartkops estuary has resulted in the identification of 17 larval fish. The ichthyoplankton was present through all months of the year, but was only abundant during the summer months (November-February). During both years sampled, thehighest densities were recorded in December. An attemptwas made to correlate the data with environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity and rainfall. The ichthyoplankton of the Swartkops is dominated by few species. The family Gobiidae (59,44%) and a clupeid species, Gilchristella aestuarius (31,12%), accounted for 90,56% of all the fish larvae sampled. The family Gobiidae were most common in the mouth and lower reaches of the estuary, while G. aestuarius dominated the mid- and upper estuary.
Methods for Evaluation of Head Types in Planarians

Students of regeneration have for many years been confronted with the problem of assigning a quantitative measure to the anterior structures resulting from the regulation of experimentally isolated fragments of the body of triclad flatworms. In some of the American species the reaction appears to be of an "all-or-none" type (Buchanan, 1933, 1936, 1938) in that either normal heads are regenerated or none at all, while in planarians the regenerating fragments form a series of anterior structures graded from the normal head to a complete absence of any headlike organ or new tissue. Child (1911, 1912) distinguished five types of these anterior regenerated structures: normal; teratophthalmic, in which the head is of normal shape but the eyes are either decidedly asymmetrical in size or exhibit various degrees of fusion; teratomorphic, in which there is a single median eye and in which the shape of the head varies from the normal with laterally or anterolaterally placed auricles to a pointed anterior outgrowth; anophthalmic, without eyes but possessing a pointed outgrowth of new tissue; and acephalic or headless, in which there is no outgrowth of new tissue, the anterior end being rounded and the wound contracted and filled with scar tissue. These types of regenerates have been illustrated many times in the publications of Child and of his students. It has been adequately demonstrated by a number of workers (Buchanan, 1922; Hinrichs, 1924; Rulon, 1936, 1937, 1938; Miller, 1937) that these types of anterior outgrowths form a more or less continuous series, for agents or conditions which favor the formation of heads shift the observed experimental outgrowths toward the upper (normal) end of the scale, while agents or conditions which inhibit head formation shift the observed types toward the lower (acephalic) end of the scale. The concept of "head frequency" as an expression of the result of regeneration was given a roughly quantitative measure when Child and his students assigned to the head types arbitrary values. Various scales have been used: 1oo, 80, 60, 40, 20; 50,
Food Choices by Northwestern Crows: Experiments with Captive, Free-Ranging and Hand-Raised Birds

Captive adult Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus), foraging individually, were selective of native Alaskan fruits. Most individuals had color preferences, commonly preferring red, blue, or green over yellow. They often favored high-lipid artificial fruits over low-lipid, but only sometimes favored artificial fruits with high levels of corn syrup or sucrose over those with low sugar levels. However, decreased accessibility of the favored fruits generally eliminated the preference for high lipid or high sugar, although accessibility did not alter preferences in parallel experiments with domestic cherries. Artificial fruits with high seed loads were not avoided. In all of the above experiments, individual variation was conspicuous. Crows showed no evidence of learning foliar cues for fruit selection. Hand-raised crows did not prefer the color of the food upon which they were raised. They exhibited extensive individual variation in preferences for color, lipid and sugar content. Free-ranging crows often foraged in groups, lacked the experience of the captive crows with the visual cues available to identify nutrient levels in the experimental fruits, and commonly did not make the same choices collectively as the captive crows. We interpret the extensive variation among individuals, the flexibility of choice, and the difficulty of assessing nutrient levels in conspecific natural fruits as evidence that selection by Northwestern Crows on the fruit traits examined is probably weak and variable.
STUDIES ON CROSS-FERTILIZATION AND SELF-FERTILIZATION IN LYMNAEA STAGNALIS APPRESSA SAY

1. Albinism in Lytmnaea stagnalis appressa Say is inherited as a simple Mendelian recessive.2. Cross-fertilization greatly exceeds self-fertilization in snails allowed to crosscopulate.3. Transferred sperm may remain viable in the body of the recipient snail for as longas 116 days.4. It is unlikely that foreign sperm are stored as high up in the reproductive tract as the seminal vesicles, since albino snails previously impregnated by pigmented snails and later mated to virgin albinos engender no pigmented offspring in the latter.
TOOLS, TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND GENETIC PROGRESS

The developing trends in the swine industry are to drastically reduce sperm cell numbers per insemination dose, decrease the number of working personnel on the farm, reduce boar numbers in the stud and deposit the majority of sperm cells in the uterus by bypassing the cervix. It is expected that this can be done without decreasing the impressive 90% farrowing rates (FR) and 13 total born (TB) production numbers, which have become the benchmark for the industry. To achieve this, we have to be flawless with all personnel and techniques at all times, in all seasons, in order to not see a reduction in fecundity. The swine industry is already a trimmed down version of its former self in terms of number of swine producers. Our market animals are leaner (3/4” of backfat compared to 3” in 1950s) and have impressive whole herd feed conversion ratios (3 lbs per 1 lb gain) but how much can we improve performance and at what cost?
Germination of Cocklebur Seeds: Interactions Between Gibberellic Acid, Benzyladenine, Thiourea, KNO3 and Gaseous Factors

The germination response of small, upper seeds of cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) was examined with respect to the germination stimulants oxygen, CO2, ethylene, gibberellic acid, benzyladenine, thiourea and KNO3. Thiourea, benzyladenine, ethylene and oxygen-enriched air (50% O2) stimulated germination, but gibberellic acid was only slightly effective and KNO3 had little effect. In contact with thiourea or CO2, seeds usually germinated by extrusion of the radicle without any change of germination pattern, but while in O2-enriched air the seed coat was predominantly ruptured at the cotyledon end. In about half of the seeds germinated with ethylene, benzyladenine and gibberellic acid, the seed coat split at the cotyledon side. Trapping of endogenously evolved ethylene and CO2 from the ambient atmosphere did not affect the actions of benzyladenine and gibberellic acid, but the action of thiourea was significantly reduced by trapping CO2. Except for thiourea, with which the CO2 production was enhanced, benzyladenine, gibberellic acid and KNO3 did not increase CO2 and ethylene production from the seed in the germination period. The maximum germination percentage was obtained by a combi- nation of CO2, ethylene, gibberellic acid and benzyladenine, but the interaction of gibberellic acid and benzyladenine was not significant. In contrast, the interaction of gibberellic acid and ethylene was very effective, and further addition of CO2 to this combination hastened the germination in air and also facilitated it under the semi-anaerobiosis assumed to exist in a natural underground habitat, although the effect of benzyladenine alone was nearly completely suppressed by semi- anaerobiosis. Thus the particular importance of CO2, ethylene and gibberellic acid in the normal germination regulation of this seed is suggested.
Ultrastructural studies of resistance mechanisms in Pinus sylvestris L. against Melampsora pinitorqua (Braun) Rostr. (pine twisting rust)

Seedlings of Pinus sylvestris infected by Melampsora pinitorqua have been studied with regard to the ultrastructure of host and parasite. Septated and branched intercellular hyphae of the pycnial stage occurred mostly in the cortex but also in phloem and xylem. The haustoria, separated from their mother cells by septa, were elongated and sometimes coiled. In a few cases a papilla-shaped collar was observed at the penetration site. Cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and organelles of the host cell were frequently observed accumulated around the haustoria. The haustorial sheath bordered by the invaginated host plasmalemma varied in thickness and structure. In young haustoria it was thin and filled with homogeneous material of moderate electron density. The sheath membrane was smooth. Those haustorial sheaths that probably represented later stages were thick and contained a lot of electron-dense grains. The associated sheath membranes were convoluted. Some haustoria were trapped in encasements, possibly originating from deposition of macromolecules in the sheath. These encasements could attain a considerable thickness and sometimes several zones of varying appearance were discernible. The encased haustoria were often more or less degenerated. The high frequency of necrotic host cells observed might indicate another type of defence reaction. Sometimes they contained dead haustoria.
Traditional practices affecting maternal care in rural areas of Takistan: A qualitative study

⊥Abstract : Background: Tradition is a part of people’s culture that can influence the health care and identification of it, is necessary for changing the health behavior of people. Objective: To identify the traditions of the rural areas of Takistan concerning maternity cares. Methods: A qualitative approach (ethnographic research) was applied. Data were collected through observation, group interviews and note taking. The data were coded and classified. Findings: The traditions were classified into traditions of labor, bearing and postpartum nutrition of mother and umbilical cord, the newborn, mother and newborn garments and breast aches. Some of them are useful such as washing the newborn and mental support, and some are harmful such as laying the laboring woman on the cow dung, where some may have unknown effects. Conclusion: Subcultures can influence the health care behavior of the people and they should be identified and analyzed for “change”of the health related behaviors.
Response Surface Model for Predicting the Effects of Temperature pH, Sodium Chloride Content, Sodium Nitrite Concentration and Atmosphere on the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes.

A factorial plus supplemental central composite experimental design was used to assess quantitatively the effects and interactions of temperature (5°-37°C), pH (4.5-7.5), NaCl (5-45 g/1), NaNO2 (0-1000 μg/ml), and atmosphere (aerobic vs. anaerobic) on the growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in Tryptose Phosphate Broth. A total of 709 growth curves were generated, with individual curves fitted using non-linear regression analysis in conjunction with the Gompertz function. The results were analyzed by response surface analysis to generate a cubic model to predict the growth of L. monocytogenes in response to any combination of the variables within the specified ranges. Evaluation of the model indicated that it can be used to provide reasonable "first estimates" of the impact of food formulation and storage conditions on the growth of L. monocytogenes , and can be automated readily to develop "user-friendly" software.
Par-delà les murs. Expériences et trajectoires en maison d’arrêt

La prison change-t-elle ? La prison peut-elle changer ? N'est-elle qu'une machine a produire le stigmate ? Constitue-t-elle une partie de la "solution" a la delinquance ou plutot une partie du "probleme" ? S'interrogeant sur la legitimite d'une institution qui, intra muros, semble largement incompatible avec la dignite de l'individu democratique moderne, l'auteur suggere que les veritables reformes carcerales se feront par-dela les murs, par le reancrage des questions des securites au coeur d'une reflexion politique et d'un projet de societe.