Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of differentiated-resilience provisioning scheme for the GMPLS/ASON networks

The future trend is to integrate a constantly increasing number of services in the GMPLS/ASON networks. Some services have very high resilience requirements, while other services have lower ones. This scenario calls for frameworks capable of provisioning for multiple services in a cost efficient manner. This article proposes a differentiated-resilience provisioning scheme applied to the GMPLS/ASON networks, which is expected to be the near- and long-term network technology thanks, among other things, to the great bandwidth capacity offered by optical devices. Finally, a critical evaluation of the state-of-the-art and future challenges facing operators and designers is given. Our numerical results show that the differentiated resilience scenario has better performance than that of dedicated and shared protection and received connections in the differentiated-resilience are 31% higher than that of shared protection and are 60% higher than that of dedicated protection.
Tunable light emission from nitrogen-vacancy centers in single crystal diamond PIN diodes

Charge-states modulation of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers incorporated into single crystal diamond films attracts increasing attention for solid-state qubits applications. Here, we discuss the electro- and photoluminescence emission properties of NV centers incorporated by gas phase nitrogen delta-doping of the intrinsic diamond layer of a positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) junction diode. The experiments show that the charge state of NV centers can be intentionally controlled by applying well-defined external bias voltages. It can be switched from the negatively charged state NV− to the neutral charged state NV0 when a strong forward bias potential is applied. This can be switched back by application of reverse potentials. These results will be discussed assuming basic electronic properties of diamond PIN diodes, including the variation of spectral properties as well as the dynamics of charge state transitions.
The HectoMAP Cluster Survey. II. X-Ray Clusters

We apply a friends-of-friends algorithm to the HectoMAP redshift survey and cross-identify associated X-ray emission in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey data (RASS). The resulting flux-limited catalog of X-ray cluster surveys is complete to a limiting flux of ∼3 × 10−13 erg s−1 cm−2 and includes 15 clusters (7 newly discovered) with redshifts z ≤ 0.4. HectoMAP is a dense survey (∼1200 galaxies deg−2) that provides ∼50 members (median) in each X-ray cluster. We provide redshifts for the 1036 cluster members. Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging covers three of the X-ray systems and confirms that they are impressive clusters. The HectoMAP X-ray clusters have an LX–σcl scaling relation similar to that of known massive X-ray clusters. The HectoMAP X-ray cluster sample predicts ∼12,000 ± 3000 detectable X-ray clusters in RASS to the limiting flux, comparable with previous estimates.
Tapping Eavesdropper Designs Against Physical Layer Secret Key in Point-to-Point Fiber Communications

With the growing demand for service access and data transmission, security issues in optical fiber systems have become increasingly important and the subject of increased research. Physical layer secret key generation (PL-SKG), which leverages the random but common channel properties at legitimate parties, has been shown to be a secure, low-cost, and easily deployed technique as opposed to computational-based cryptography, quantum, and chaos key methods that rely on precise equipment. However, the eavesdropper (Eve) potential for current PL-SKG in fiber communications has been overlooked by most studies to date. Unlike wireless communications, where the randomness comes from the spatial multi-paths that cannot be all captured by Eves, in fiber communications, all the randomness (from transmitted random pilots or channel randomness) is contained in the signals transmitted inside the fiber. This, therefore, enables a tapping Eve to reconstruct the common features of legitimate users from its received signals, and further decrypt the featured-based secret keys. To implement this idea, we designed two Eve schemes against polarization mode distortion (PMD) based PL-SKG and the two-way cross multiplication based PL-SKG. The simulation results show that our proposed Eves can successfully reconstruct the legitimate common feature and the secret key relied upon, leading to secret key rate (SKR) reductions of between three and four orders of magnitude in the PL-SKG schemes studied. As a result, we reveal and demonstrate a novel eavesdropping potential to provide challenges for current physical layer secret key designs. We hope to provide more insightful vision and critical evaluation on the design of new physical layer secret key schemes in optical fiber links, to provide more comprehensively secure, and intelligent optical networks.
Non-classical correlations in reducible quantum electrodynamics

The question is discussed whether the momentum of a photon has a quantum uncertainty or whether it is a classical quantity. The latter assumption is the main characteristic of reducible Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). Recent experiments in Quantum Optics may resolve the question. The non-classical correlation of quantum noise in color-entangled beams cannot be explained by reducible QED without modification of the standing explanation. On the other hand, reducible QED explains uncertainty of the momentum of a single photon when it is entangled with a quantum spin residing in its environment. The explanation of the historical experiment with equally-polarized pairs of photons, showing violation of the Bell inequalities, invokes the argument of collapse of the wave function, also in reducible QED.
Hamiltonian Oracles

Hamiltonian oracles are the continuum limit of the standard unitary quantum oracles. In this limit, the problem of finding the optimal query algorithm can be mapped into the problem of finding shortest paths on a manifold. The study of these shortest paths leads to lower bounds of the original unitary oracle problem. A number of example Hamiltonian oracles are studied in this paper, including oracle interrogation and the problem of computing the XOR of the hidden bits. Both of these problems are related to the study of geodesics on spheres with non-round metrics. For the case of two hidden bits a complete description of the geodesics is given. For n hidden bits a simple lower bound is proven that shows the problems require a query time proportional to n, even in the continuum limit. Finally, the problem of continuous Grover search is reexamined leading to a modest improvement to the protocol of Farhi and Gutmann.
Characterizing the Disk around the TW Hydrae Association Brown Dwarf 2MASSW J1207334–393254

We present detailed modeling of the disk around the TW Hydrae Association (TWA) brown dwarf 2MASSW J1207334-393254 (2M1207), using Spitzer observations from 3.6 to 24 μm. The spectral energy distribution (SED) does not show a high amount of flaring. We have obtained a good fit using a flat disk of mass between 10-4 and 10 -6 M☉, Ṁ ≲ 10-11 M☉ yr-1, and a large inclination angle between 60° and 70°. We have used three different grain models to fit the 10 μm Si emission feature, and have found the results to be consistent with ISM-like dust. In comparison with other TWA members, this suggests lesser dust processing for 2M1207, which could be explained by mechanisms such as aggregate fragmentation and/or turbulent mixing. We have found a good fit using an inner disk radius equal to the dust sublimation radius, which indicates the absence of an inner hole in the disk. This suggests the presence of a small K - L′ excess, similar to the observed K - [3.6] excess.
FIRST-PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATION OF 180 DOMAIN WALLS IN BATIO3

We present a first-principles study of 180-degree ferroelectric domain walls in tetragonal barium titanate. The theory is based on an effective Hamiltonian that has previously been determined from first-principles ultrasoft-pseudopotential calculations. Statistical properties are investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. We compute the domain-wall energy, free energy, and thickness, analyze the behavior of the ferroelectric order parameter in the interior of the domain wall, and study its spatial fluctuations. An abrupt reversal of the polarization is found, unlike the gradual rotation typical of the ferromagnetic case.
The Nuclear Cusp Slopes of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies

We derive the light profiles for a sample of 25 dwarf elliptical galaxies observed by us with Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 in F555W and F814W. These profiles are fitted with Nuker, R1/4, exponential, and Sersic laws and are also used to derive the nuclear cusp slopes γ. We discuss the correlation of nuclear cusp slope with galactic luminosity, the presence of a nucleus, and the type of light profile. The results are compared with those found in the literature for elliptical galaxies and the bulges of spiral galaxies. We find that, as a class, the nuclear regions of dwarf ellipticals are very similar to those of the exponential bulges of spiral galaxies and have nuclear cusp slopes shallower than those of bulges with the same luminosity that were well fitted by a de Vaucouleurs R1/4 profile. For the 14 nucleated galaxies in our sample, this conclusion is less certain than for the 11 nonnucleated objects, since it relies on an extrapolation of galaxy light under the nucleus. In terms of their light profiles and nuclear properties, most spheroidal stellar systems can be broadly divided into two subclasses: the exponential shallow cusp objects and the R1/4 steep cusp objects. Membership of a class does not appear to correlate with the presence of a massive stellar disk.
Atmospheric component of the MPI‐M Earth System Model: ECHAM6

ECHAM6, the sixth generation of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM, is described. Major changes with respect to its predecessor affect the representation of shortwave radiative transfer, the height of the model top. Minor changes have been made to model tuning and convective triggering. Several model configurations, differing in horizontal and vertical resolution, are compared. As horizontal resolution is increased beyond T63, the simulated climate improves but changes are incremental; major biases appear to be limited by the parameterization of small‐scale physical processes, such as clouds and convection. Higher vertical resolution in the middle atmosphere leads to a systematic reduction in temperature biases in the upper troposphere, and a better representation of the middle atmosphere and its modes of variability. ECHAM6 represents the present climate as well as, or better than, its predecessor. The most marked improvements are evident in the circulation of the extratropics. ECHAM6 continues to have a good representation of tropical variability. A number of biases, however, remain. These include a poor representation of low‐level clouds, systematic shifts in major precipitation features, biases in the partitioning of precipitation between land and sea (particularly in the tropics), and midlatitude jets that appear to be insufficiently poleward. The response of ECHAM6 to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases is similar to that of ECHAM5. The equilibrium climate sensitivity of the mixed‐resolution (T63L95) configuration is between 2.9 and 3.4 K and is somewhat larger for the 47 level model. Cloud feedbacks and adjustments contribute positively to warming from increasing greenhouse gases.
The Role of the Teacher's Guide in Enhancing English Language Education (a Review of Literature)

Language Education is drawing attention all over the world and in particular the teaching and learning of English as a foreign or second language. The importance of teaching and learning English stems from the fact that English is a Lingua Franca for more than two thirds of the world. It is the language of science, business, tourism, aviation, cinema diplomacy and literature. But it is mostly needed as the language of the Internet, where more 60% at the top 10/M websites of the Internet is written in English. Teacher training is a key element in education as it helps to secure the attainment of the educational agendas of one particular organization at both personal and communal levels. This is applicable to all disciplines including the foreign language teaching.
Polarization-resolved terahertz third-harmonic generation in a single-crystal superconductor NbN: Dominance of the Higgs mode beyond the BCS approximation

Recent advances in time-domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopy have unveiled that resonantly-enhanced strong THz third-harmonic generation (THG) mediated by the collective Higgs amplitude mode occurs in s-wave superconductors, where charge-density fluctuations (CDF) have also been shown to contribute to the nonlinear third-order susceptibility. It has been theoretically proposed that the nonlinear responses of Higgs and CDF exhibit essentially different polarization dependences. Here we experimentally discriminate the two contributions by polarization-resolved intense THz transmission spectroscopy for a single-crystal NbN film. The result shows that the resonant THG in the transmitted light always appears in the polarization parallel to that of the incident light with no appreciable crystal axis dependence. When we compare this with the theoretical calculation here with the BCS approximation and the dynamical mean-field theory for a model of NbN constructed from first principles, the experimental result strongly indicates that the Higgs mode rather than the CDF dominates the THG resonance in NbN. A possible mechanism for this is discussed such as the retardation effect in the phonon-mediated pairing interaction beyond BCS.
Heavy neutrino searches from MeV to TeV

The Standard Model (SM) describes particle physics with great precision. However, it does not account for the generation of neutrino masses, whose nature we do not understand. Both a Dirac and a Majorana mass term could intervene, leading to the existence of heavy partners of the SM neutrinos, presumably more massive and nearly sterile. For suitable choices of parameters, heavy neutrinos can also provide dark matter candidates, and generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. Heavy neutrinos can be searched for at beam dump facilities such as the proposed SHiP experiment if their mass is of the order of few GeV, or at high energy lepton colliders, such as the Future $e^+e^-$ Circular Collider, FCC-ee, presently under study at CERN, for higher masses. This contribution presents a review of the sensitivities for heavy neutrino searches at SHiP and FCC-ee.
Assessing bidirectional relations between infant temperamental negative affect, maternal anxiety symptoms and infant affect-biased attention across the first 24-months of life.

Developmental theories suggest affect-biased attention, preferential attention to emotionally salient stimuli, emerges during infancy through coordinating individual differences. Here we examined bidirectional relations between infant affect-biased attention, temperamental negative affect, and maternal anxiety symptoms using a Random Intercepts Cross-Lagged Panel model (RI-CLPM). Infant-mother pairs from Central Pennsylvania and Northern New Jersey (N = 342; 52% White; 50% reported as assigned female at birth) participated when infants were 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. Infants completed the overlap task while eye-tracking data were collected. Mothers reported their infant's negative affect and their own anxiety symptoms. In an RI-CLPM, after accounting for between-person variance (random intercepts representing the latent average of a construct), it is possible to assess within-person variance (individual deviations from the latent average of a construct). Positive relations represent stability in constructs (smaller within-person deviations). Negative relations represent fluctuation in constructs (larger within-person deviations). At the between-person level (random intercepts), mothers with greater anxiety symptoms had infants with greater affect-biased attention. However, at the within-person level (deviations), greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 12- and 18 months prospectively related to greater stability in attention to angry facial configurations. Additionally, greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 18 months prospectively related to greater stability in attention to happy facial configurations. Finally, greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 4- and 12 months prospectively related to greater stability in infant negative affect. These results suggest that environmental uncertainty, linked to fluctuating maternal anxiety, may shape early socioemotional development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay After Open Heart Surgery Among Elderly Patients

Objective: Open heart surgery (OHS) is frequently performed on elderly patients. We aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay in elderly patients undergoing open heart surgery. Materials and Methods: Medical records of all patients ≥ 75 years who underwent OHS (coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or heart valve surgery) between June 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Those staying in the ICU longer than five days were determined as prolonged ICU stay. Patients were divided into two groups, according to ICU stay <5 days and ≥5 days. Results: Out of the 198 patients included in the study, 130 (65.7%) were male. Seventy patients (35.4%) had prolonged ICU stay. The mean age was higher in patients within the prolonged ICU stay group when compared to the other group (79.9±3.5 years vs.78.1±2.7 years, p<0.001). The patients who used statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the preoperative period had a shorter ICU stay compared to those who did not (45% vs 31.4%, p=0.04; 57% vs 42.9%, p=0.03). The history of previous thoracic surgery (2.3% vs 10% p=0.03), emergency surgery (12.5% vs 24.5% p=0.04), and preoperative pacemaker usage (0.8% vs 7%, 1 p=0.01) were higher in the group of patients with prolonged ICU stay compared to the other group. Preoperative ejection fraction (EF)% (47.7±11.3 vs 51.1±8.8, p<0.001) and hemoglobin level (11.8±1.9 mg/dL vs 12.9±1.6, p<0.001) were lower in the group with prolonged ICU stay compared to the other group. Incidence of cardiac arrest (3.9% vs 15.7% p=0.006), presence of arrhythmia (16.4% vs 41.6%,p<0.001), frequency of pacemaker and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) usage (0 vs 10% p=0.002; 1.6% vs 8.6% p=0.02), and need for renal replacement therapy (3.1% vs 12.9%,p=0.02) were higher in the group with prolonged ICU stay compared to the other group. According to the logistic regression analysis; higher age (OR: 1.225, 95%CI 1.104-1.360, p<0.001), preoperative pacemaker usage (OR: 0.100, 95%CI 0.01-0.969, p<0.04), preoperative statin non-use (OR: 2.056, 95%CI 1.040-4.066, p<0.03) and preoperative low EF (OR: 0.947, 95%CI 0.915-0.981, p=0.002) were determined as independent risk factors for prolonged ICU stay. Conclusion: The incidence of prolonged ICU stay after OHS among patients ≥75 years was 35.4% in our cohort. Higher age, preoperative pacemaker usage, preoperative statin non-use, and low preoperative EF were associated with prolonged ICU stay.
Studying the Interplay Between the Durations and Breakages of Continuous Integration Builds

The Continuous Integration (CI) practice allows developers to build software projects automatically and more frequently. However, CI builds may undergo long build durations or frequent build breakages, which we refer to as build performance. Both long durations and frequent breakages of CI builds can impede developers from engaging in other development activities. Prior research has conducted independent studies on build durations or build breakages. However, there is little attention to the possible interplay between reducing build durations and build breakages. In particular, it is unclear from prior studies (i) whether and how build performance is influenced by the context of projects; (ii) whether the actions to reduce build durations would reduce or increase build breakages; and (iii) whether fixing build breakages would lead to longer or faster builds. It is important for developers to understand the practices that make both timely and passing CI builds. In this paper, we conduct experimental and survey studies on the practices that can have dual or inverse associations with two build performance measures: build durations and build breakages. To this end, we extend an existing dataset called TravisTorrent to exclude inactive projects and collect recent builds of active projects. As a result, we study 924,616 CI builds from 588 GitHub projects that are linked with Travis CI. In addition, we survey developers who contributed to the projects in our dataset to get their feedback on our experimental observations. First, we investigate project-level metrics and find that project characteristics have a significant association with build durations and breakages. In addition, we investigate how build-level metrics are associated with both build durations and breakages and observe an evident interplay between them. In particular, we observe that actions to fix build breakages (e.g., retrying or waiting for build commands) not only increase build durations but also do not guarantee passing builds. We also find that improving the build performance of a project is dependent on the current build durations and breakages of that project. Furthermore, we analyze how build performance changes over time and observe nearly a third of projects in which one performance measure is sacrificed in favor of the other, especially when not possible to achieve both together. The majority of our experimental observations are confirmed by survey results, which provide useful insights though some survey responses disagree with some of our experimental observations. Our work (a) provides developers with development and building practices to maintain timely and passing CI builds, and (b) encourages researchers to highlight any potential dual or inverse side effects when reporting actionable findings about CI builds.
Cleaning Data With Selection Rules

In this paper, we propose and study a type of tuple-level constraint that arises from the selection operator $\sigma $ of relational algebra and that closely resembles the concepts of tuple-level denial constraints. We call this type of constraint selection rules and study their concepts and properties in the setting of data consistency management. The main contribution of this paper is the study of rule implication with selection rules in order to solve the error localization problem by means of the set cover method. It turns out that rule implication can be applied more easily if the representation of selection rules is extended in order to allow gaps between attribute values. We show that the properties of selection rules allow to improve the performance of rule implication. Evaluation of our approach compared to HoloClean on four real-world datasets shows promising results. First, repair with selection rules is often faster and less memory-consumable than HoloClean, especially when the amount of work that rule implication has to do is limited. Second, in terms of precision and recall of error detection and correction, repair strategies with selection rules almost always outperform HoloClean.