Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Short-Term Floods as an Additional Management Strategy for Controlling Dodder (Cuscuta gronovii Willd.) in Commercial Cranberry Production

USE OF SHORT-TERM FLOODS AS AN ADDITIONAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR CONTROLLING DODDER (CUSCUTA GRONOVII WILLD.) IN COMMERCIAL CRANBERRY PRODUCTION MAY 2010 JAMES M. O’CONNELL, B.S., UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Hilary A. Sandler Dodder (Cuscuta gronovii Willd.) is a weed of serious concern to cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) growers. It develops vigorously and has a long-lived seed bank. Cranberries are a perennial crop and therefore strategies available to growers of annual crops are not practical. Herbicides, the primary management tool for dodder, although effective, have a narrow window of application and extended seedling emergence after applications can result in escapes. This project examined the effect of water temperature on dodder seed germination and the use of short-term floods (less than 72 hr) for dodder management. Experiments investigated the effect of water temperature on dodder seed germination. Studies, ran twice, submerged dodder seed in water for 0 to 48 hr at 10, 15, and 20 C in one experiment (simulating spring water temperatures) and 0 to 48 hr at 15, 20, and 25 C in a separate experiment (simulating summer water temperatures). In Run 1, the effect of temperature on percent seed germination varied by flood duration; and by
Análisis Comparativo de Indicadores Energéticos de Países Miembros de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones

El análisis consta de una serie histórica de datos que van desde el año 2000 hasta el 2015, basados en la información disponible obtenida de las agencias energéticas oficiales. Como resultados principales, tenemos que los Países miembros: Colombia, Ecuador y Perú tienen tendencias semejantes conformando un conglomerado, mientras que Bolivia presenta valores distantes del mismo. No obstante, después del 2010, la sociedad boliviana presenta avances progresivos en el resultado de los indicadores.
Triage Guidelines for Providers Interfacing with Mental Health Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department

This QI Project was inspired by a concern and belief that a hospital emergency department (ED) can more effectively respond to and manage the mental health patient population by improving its triage process. When a patient in mental health crisis presents to the emergency department (ED) for care, the triage process often results in patients having multiple encounters with various staff asking the same questions over and over. Many times, staff query patients about issues that are considered non-essential. Patients are often frustrated by this repeated questioning and therefore, the ability to develop or maintain a positive therapeutic relationship is compromised. Patients often shut down, become increasingly agitated, are mistrustful, and even walk out of the ED without receiving care. The following initiative focuses on identifying and addressing system level barriers that impede the ability to triage mental health patients seeking care in the ED. At the conclusion of this QI project, practice changes include the reduction of door to doc time, enhanced communication between staff and clarification of assigned roles and duties, and a streamlined workflow process.
Lack's Clutch Size Hypothesis: An Examination of the Evidence Using Meta‐Analysis

Meta-analysis is a method ecologists may find useful for quantitatively re- viewing and systematically examining results from a large number of studies on a subject for which there is conflicting evidence. I used meta-analysis to integrate results from 42 independent brood-enlargement studies and tested Lack's hypothesis that clutch size in birds has evolved toward that which produces the most surviving offspring. Cumulative evidence did not support Lack's hypothesis. Significantly (two-tailed P = .016) more fledg- lings were produced in enlarged broods than in normal-sized broods, indicating parents could raise more young than they had eggs. The standardized treatment effect of brood enlargement across all studies was a mean (? 1 SE) increase of 0.55 (+0.22) standard de- viations in the number of young produced. This result does not appear to be affected by a publishing bias and is unlikely to be reversed by inclusion of additional studies. I also examined differences in methodology and species studied as possible confounding factors and explanations for conflicting results. Longer studies and species with altricial young were more likely to show food limitation. Latitude and date of study, degree of brood enlargement, validity of a study, and annual adult survival did not affect results.
A systematic review of frames in news reporting of health risks: Characteristics, construct consistency vs. name diversity, and the relationship of frames to framing functions

Risk professionals and scholars have long recognised the media as a key player in the social construction of risk. Many investigations into the frames journalists use when covering risks were published in recent years. Yet, keeping track of this literature has become increasingly difficult because authors tend to introduce new frames with every new study. This study reports a systematic review of studies on news frames on health risks. We pursue three central aims: (1) to determine if some of the frame-names circulating in the literature stand for very similar or even identical constructs (and can thus be condensed); (2) to determine how they relate to the four framing functions and to each other; and (3) to aggregate findings on the nature of frames in the media coverage of health risks. This should facilitate future reviews of literature and the formulation of hypotheses, substantiate discussions on the quality of risk reporting, add nuance to what has been a blanket criticism of the media, and help building framing theory by improving its consistency. We found 45 frame-names for just 15 frames, and a tendency to delineate frames for each framing function; some frames were unrelated to the framing functions. The frames that drew most scholarly interest were also the ones employed most often by journalists. Some generalisable statements regarding the use of frames in health-risk reporting can be made, though caution is advised given gaps in the evidence and variations by health risk and/or country of study.
Perfil sóciodemográfico e de saúde de gestantes em um pré-natal de alto risco / Socio-demographic and health profile of pregnant women in a high risk prenatal care

Objetiva-se identificar o perfil sociodemografico e de saude das gestantes referenciadas ao pre-natal de alto risco, em um hospital publico universitario em Niteroi, periodo de janeiro a dezembro de 2013, visando identificar fatores de risco que possam ter contribuido para o desenvolvimento de uma gestacao de risco. Estudo transversal descritivo retrospectivo documental. Foram descritos dados do perfil sociodemografico e de saude de gestantes no pre-natal de alto risco, utilizando o programa Microsoft Office Excel. Os resultados mostraram que predominou gestantes de faixa etaria de 18 a 30 anos 96 (53,23%). Quanto a rede referenciada 96 (50,6%) foram encaminhadas da rede basica de saude de Niteroi. Destarte 41 (23,03%) realizaram menos de 6 consultas de pre-natal no alto risco. Ademais, 30 (16,8%) gestantes iniciaram o pre-natal no alto risco no 3o trimestre gestacional. Conclui-se que se faz necessario que mais estudos sejam realizados na unidade, com o intuito de esclarecer as questoes que ainda sao hiatos no pre-natal de alto risco.
Parturition in the pig : relationships between pain, stress and maternal behaviour

The thesis examines the relationships between pain, stress and behaviour of the pig around parturition. This includes the effects of pregnancy and parturition on maternal nociception, and environmental restriction on stress physiology and behaviour. The main findings are: 1. Late pregnancy and parturition in the pig is associated with an endogenous analgesic system which is, at least in part, mediated via endogenous opioids. 2. Passivity and inactivity are major components of maternal behaviour in the pig and are suggested to be indicative of good maternal care in this species. The thesis provides evidence of an opioid mediation of maternal behaviour which could arise through several potential routes, namely: the action of the analgesic system, general sedation, the inhibition of oxytocin release. 3. A rise in plasma Cortisol, ACTH and P-endorphin concentrations were found in pre-parturient gilts housed in both straw bedded pens and conventional farrowing crates. However crates caused further stimulation of the HPA axis reflecting thwarting ofnestbuilding behaviour in this restrictive environment. 4. The farrowing crate did not cause further HPA activity during the expulsive phase which may reflect the inactivity of the pig at this time. A rise in plasma Cortisol was found as the expulsive phase progressed irrespective of environment however the thesis found that the expulsion of a piglet does not appear to play a major role in this. Overall the thesis has realised a better understanding of parturition in the pig by relating the physiology and behaviour of the pig at this time. The possibility of maternal pain influencing the progress of parturition and maternal behaviour is discussed in relation to possible mechanisms by which this may occur. The thesis has also highlighted welfare implications regarding the use of farrowing crates, and provides information which may be used when considering changes to housing for parturient pigs.
Clinical disparity of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels among the working population of Taipei, Taiwan

Purpose: To explore sex variations in the prevalence and factors of high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level among the working population in Taipei, Taiwan.Methods: This study included 8,351 healthy adults (5,247 men and 3,104 women) who admitted to a teaching hospital voluntarily for a physical examination in 2009. The definitions of occupations include computer and mathematical occupations, architecture and engineering occupations, community and social service occupations, sales and related occupations, office and administrative support occupations, and production occupations. The age distribution of $\leq$ 29 yrs, 30-39 yrs, 40-49 yrs, and $\geq$ 50 yrs were 22.5\%, 36.8\%, 23.5\%, and 17.2\%, respectively. Fasting blood samples were drawn using venipuncture and participants were interviewed with a structured questionnaire.Results: The overall prevalence of high serum ALT level ($\geq $ 40 U/L) was 17.1\%. After stratified the data according to age into four age groups ($\leq$ 29yrs, 30-39 yrs, 40-49 yrs, and $\geq$ 50 yrs) , the men participants revealed a higher prevalence of high serum ALT levels for all age groups than the women participants. Bases on multiple logistic regression models, for the men, the significant factors were associated with high serum ALT level and included age (OR = 0.96, 95\% CI: 0.95-097), BMI [no matter whether overweight (OR = 2.45, 95\% CI: 1.99-3.02) or obese (OR = 4.02, 95\% CI: 3.22-5.03)], hypercholesterolemia (yes vs. no, OR = 1.25, 95\% CI: 1.05-1.48), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.25, 95\% CI: 1.04-1.50), high FPG levels (OR = 1.48, 95\% CI: 1.05-2.09), high AST levels (OR = 26.71, 95\% CI: 19.00-37.54), hyperuricemia (OR = 1.48, 95\% CI: 1.25-1.76), high ALP levels (OR = 1.20, 95\% CI: 1.00-1.45), and high glutamic acid transaminase levels (OR = 4.31, 95\% CI: 3.61-5.14). For the women subjects, the statistically significant factors that were associated with high serum ALT level included BMI [no matter whether overweight (OR = 3.53, 95\% CI: 1.87-6.67) or obese (OR = 4.32, 95\% CI: 2.26-8.23)], high AST levels (yes vs. no, OR = 38.49, 95\% CI: 21.45-49.28), high BUN levels (yes vs. no, OR = 1.66, 95\% CI: 1.03-2.29), and high glutamic acid transaminase levels (yes vs. no, OR = 9.87, 95\% CI: 5.79-16.83). Conclusion: In conclusion, the clinical problem of elevated serum ALT level is important in the working population. Many subjects are asymptomatic and the diagnosis of high serum ALT level should be considered with sex, age, hyperuricemia, high AST levels, high ALP levels, high glutamic acid transaminase levels, and metabolic risk factors in mind.
Improved Security of a Pairing-Free Certificateless Aggregate Signature in Healthcare Wireless Medical Sensor Networks

Certificateless aggregate signature (CLAS) schemes reduce the trust on the key generation center of identity-based signatures and thus partially address the inherent key escrow issue in identity-based cryptosystems while retaining the advantage of implementation efficiency. In the past few years, a number of new CLAS schemes were proposed to overcome the communicational and computational limitations of sensors and attain integrality, validity, and availability of patients’ medical data in healthcare wireless medical sensor networks (HWMSNs). However, many of these schemes do not provide enough security guarantees. In this article, we first review a most recent CLAS scheme for HWMSNs and show that it is insecure for medical applications by presenting attacks due to a type I adversary and a type II adversary. Then, we put forth an improved construction which is provably secure under the CLAS security model in the random oracle model. Our detailed analyses demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only overcomes the security flaws but also has higher implementation efficiency and lower communication cost.
INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG EGG WEIGHT, HATCHABILITY, CHICK WEIGHT, POST HATCH PERFORMANCE AND REARING METHOD IN BROILER BREEDERS

Hatching eggs, from 2 broiler lines, categorised into 4 groups, viz. up to 60g (A), 60.1-65g (B), 65.1-70g (C) and above 70g (D), were incubated after being stored for 0-9 days at 10-15 o C. The hatchlings of each group were reared either separately or in mixed group together with those of other groups to assess their performance till 6 weeks of age. While fertility and percent hatch weight remained unaffected by egg size, hatchability decreased with increasing egg weight. Correlation coefficient between egg weight and body weight at all ages of measurement was positive. Day-old chick weight increased significantly (P <0.01) with increase in egg weight. Body weight at 6 weeks was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in group A and was highest in groups C and D. Feed efficiency was comparable for all the groups. Mortality was highest in group A. Rearing of chicks according to body size yielded higher body weight with low mortality and reduced variation in chick performance among the groups. Length of storage had no effect on the traits, studied.
Altered leukocyte signalling thresholds in rheumatoid arthritis through changes in the function of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22/LYP

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) results from complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Two examples of these are the genetic variant PTPN22 R620W, a disease-associated form of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) Lyp and cigarette smoking (CS). Epidemiological studies have identified interactions between R620W and CS, but the biological mechanisms behind these interactions are unclear. Lyp is expressed by all leukocytes and changes in leukocyte function are implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. Thus the aim of this study was to characterise the effects of R620W and CS on leukocyte signalling, to determine possible mechanisms by which these factors could interact to promote the development of RA. An assay to measure the specific activity of the Lyp phosphatase was developed. Healthy controls and RA patients were recruited and genotyped for the PTPN22 R620W variant. Following determination of genotype, neutrophils and CD4+ T cells were isolated and cell function assessed following cigarette smoke extract (CSE) treatment. R620W in T lymphocytes increased Lyp phosphatase activity, decreased Lyp substrate phosphorylation and increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. CSE treatment decreased T cell receptor signalling which was characterised by decreased PTP activity, decreased calcium (Ca2+) flux and decreased cytokine production. R620W in neutrophils was associated with increased neutrophil activation and functions including Ca2+ flux, reactive oxygen species production and migration. Overall these data suggest that R620W may facilitate RA development and persistence by promoting the generation of inflammatory T cells and by enhancing neutrophil activation and migration. CS may promote further signalling dysfunction by oxidising the proteins controlling leukocyte signalling. These separate pathways leading to altered Lyp function may act additively or synergistically to promote the immune disturbances which underpin the development of RA.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP NIAT KEAKTIFAN LANSIA DALAM MENGIKUTI POSYANDU LANSIA

Kesehatan merupakan suatu keadaan yang seimbang dan dinamis antara tubuh seseorang dengan fungsi dan berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Sehingga kesehatan menjadi suatu indikator tinggi atau rendahnya kualitas hidup seseorang. Lanjut usia sehat berkualitas mengacu pada konsep active ageing WHO yaitu proses penuaan yang tetap sehat secara fisik, sosial dan mental sehingga dapat tetap sejahtera sepanjang hidup dan tetap berpartisipasi dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas hidup sebagai anggota masyarakat. Sebagai upaya Pemerintah dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan usia lanjut, salah satunya ialah dengan membentuk Posyandu Lansia. Tujuan diadakannya Posyandu Lansia yaitu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku positif, serta meningkatkan mutu dan derajat kesehatan lansia. Puskesmas Bulak Banteng merupakan Puskesmas yang membawahi 3 Posyandu Lansia dengan angka kepesertaan Posyandu Lansia terendah di Surabaya yaitu berjumlah 215 peserta. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan target cakupan pelaksanaan Posyandu Lansia di Puskesmas Bulak Banteng dihasilkan sebuah angka yaitu sebesar 3,79% yang artinya angka tersebut masih jauh dari target yang diharapkan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis pengaruh Attitudes toward Behavior, Subjective Norm, dan Perceived Behavioral Control terhadap Niat aktif mengikuti Posyandu Lansia. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan waktu pengambilan data, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Sikap terhadap perilaku berpengaruh terhadap niat responden untuk aktif mengikuti Posyandu Lansia dengan nilai (sig. 0,008) dan (Exp(B) 11,25). Norma subyektif tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap niat responden untuk aktif mengikuti Posyandu Lansia. Sedangkan Kontrol Perilaku yang dirasakan berpengaruh terhadap niat responden untuk aktif mengikuti Posyandu Lansia dengan nilai (sig. 0,002) dan (Exp(B) 0,236). Maka perlu adanya upaya untuk meningkatkan sikap lansia untuk aktif mengikuti Posyandu Lansia melalui peningkatan pengetahuan lansia tentang kesehatan dan Posyandu Lansia dan pengoptimalan penyuluhan kesehatan di Posyandu serta upaya untuk memudahkan akses waktu untuk menjangkau kegiatan Posyandu Lansia.Kata Kunci: keaktifan, lanjut usia, posyandu lansia
Herpes Zoster in Diverse Situations: A Review

Herpes zoster occurred when the suppressive ability of immune system failed to prevent the reactivation of initial varicella-zoster virus infection. Its frequency is higher among immune compromised individuals. Herpes zoster presents with characteristic painful grouped vesicles on erythematous background along the dermatome area and could be complicated by post-herpetic neuralgia. The current review examined the risk factors and discussed herpes zoster in different situations, treatment and concluded by discussing the future research trend of herpes zoster.
Mesozooplankton trophic variability in a changing ocean

Mesozooplankton (animals >200-[mu]m) are critical components of the marine food web, sensitive to climate change via bottom-up and top-down forcing. Trophic structure is a key determinant of energy flow to mesozooplankton, influencing species composition and total biomass yield. In my dissertation, I investigate mesozooplankton trophic flexibility in response to spatiotemporal variations in environmental conditions. I begin by investigating patterns in mesozooplankton biomass and grazing in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific. Strong relationships were not apparent between mesozoo- and microplankton standing stocks or physical flows. The lone significant correlation between mesozooplankton nighttime biomass and peak microplankton concentrations suggests that aggregation can be an important factor influencing plankton trophic coupling. Biomass comparisons with the 1992 US JGOFS EqPac study show an 80% decadal increase, which is not reflected in contemporaneous primary production (PP) estimates, and parallels a trend documented in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, suggesting a large-scale forcing mechanism. A shift in mesozooplankton average trophic position (TP) could explain the disproportionate effect on zooplankton relative to phytoplankton. The rest of my dissertation focuses on processes in the California Current Ecosystem. I investigate aggregation patterns in 8 euphausiid species and establish that patchiness is dependent upon body size, likely induced by predators, and secondarily modified by environmental factors. I then conducted experimental studies to investigate mesozooplankton trophic flexibility. Feeding behaviors of two regionally important species, Calanus pacificus and Euphausia pacifica, differed, but TPs of both increased as PP decreased. For the total mesozooplankton community, trophic structure was inferred from phytoplankton grazing estimates and energetic requirements for metabolism and growth. In water parcels only 50km from the coastline, herbivorous grazing could not support metabolic requirements. Lastly, I investigate trophic flexibility of C. pacificus and E. pacifica during the 1998/1999 ENSO event. Compound- Specific Isotope Analysis of Amino Acids allowed me to differentiate between changes in bulk tissue ¹⁵N due to baseline and trophic enrichment. Using linear mixed- effects models, I show altered baseline ¹⁵N in both zooplankton species, and a trophic shift between years for E. pacifica. This trophic shift could be due to the more generalist feeding behavior of E. pacifica