Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease among Adults in Saudi Arabia

Background: Environmental and epidemiological factors increase the risk of dry eye in Saudi Arabia, but most studies have limited generalizability. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among adults across Saudi Arabia and the associated risk factors. The secondary objective was to estimate the economic burden of DED by calculating lubricant usage and its annual costs. Methods: This cross-sectional study invited adults from across Saudi Arabia to complete a questionnaire that collected data regarding demographics, symptoms related to DED, previous diagnosis of DED, use of contact lenses, and use of eye lubricants. Results: A total of 2042 responses were received, of which 784 (38.4%) respondents had previously been diagnosed with DED and 752 (36.8%) were symptomatic but undiagnosed. Between the DED diagnosed and symptomatic-undiagnosed groups, a significant difference was found in terms of age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.002), presence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.004), smoking status (P = 0.007), duration of electronic screen use (P = 0.05), number of ocular complaints (P < 0.001), and frequency of lubricants use (P < 0.001). Between the DED-diagnosed and non-DED groups, significant differences were found in terms of age (P < 0.001), gender (P < 0.001), presence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.001), allergy (P = 0.001), autoimmune disease (P = 0.005), smoking status (P < 0.001), and history of refractive surgery (P < 0.001). The mean estimated annual cost of using lubricating agents was SAR 328.2 ± 210.3 (USD 87.5 ± 56.1), and this was significantly higher in the diagnosed group (P = 0.01) than the symptomatic-undiagnosed group. Conclusions: The prevalence of DED is high among adults in Saudi Arabia. High-risk population include elderly, female, and using electronic screens for >2 hours/day.
An Implication of Detecting the Internal Modulation in a Pulsating Aurora: A Conjugate Observation by the Arase Satellite and All‐Sky Imagers

A physical mechanism to produce pulsating aurora (PsA) has been considered to be the interaction of the electron and the chorus wave generated near the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere. A recent observation of high temporal resolution of chorus waves by the Arase satellite revealed that the presence or absence of the internal modulation of PsA, which is a characteristic sub‐second scintillation at 3 ± 1 Hz within each optical pulsation, is closely related to the discreteness of the element structure of the chorus wave. However, it is still unclear what parameters (or conditions) control the discreteness of the element and the existence of the internal modulation of PsA. In this study, we discuss parameters that determine the presence or absence of the internal modulation of PsA and element structure of chorus by showing a conjugate observation of PsA/chorus by ground‐based cameras and the Arase satellite. During the event, the occurrence of internal modulation increased temporally. The wave data from the satellite show that the repetitive frequency of elements was ∼6 Hz when the internal modulation was indistinct, while the repetitive frequency was ∼3 Hz when the internal modulation was distinct. The particle measurements suggest that this difference was caused by changes in the density and the temperature anisotropy of the hot electron. The internal modulation was clearly observed when the density of hot electrons decreased and the temperature anisotropy relaxed after the injection. Observations of internal modulations from the ground might allow us to estimate the parameters such as energetic electron density and temperature anisotropy in the magnetosphere.
Determinant Factors to Intention of Halal Certification in Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of this study is tho exemine the influence of the knowledge of MSMEs owners about halal and religious certification on the intention to obtain halal certification which is mediated by the attitude of MSME owners. Theoretical framework: The relationship between the knowledge of MSMEs owners about halal certification and religiosity to obtain halal certification can be mediated by the Theory of Planned Behavior. This theory focuses on the behavior of MSME owners to obtain halal certification. This is influenced by the knowledge of UKM owners about halal certification, religiosity, and the attitude of MSME owners in East Java. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research used a quantitative approach with a sample of 140 MSME owners in East Java, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings: The results showed that the knowledge of MSME owners about halal certification and religiosity influenced the intention to obtain halal certification. The attitude of MSME owners in East Java can mediate the relationship between MSME owners' knowledge of halal certification and religiosity to obtain halal certification. Research, practical & social implications: This study aims to encourage the intention of MSME owners to obtain halal certification by using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) approach. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, East Java UMKM owners will follow halal certification because of their mindset which is shown by their desire for it. Originality/Value: Examine the role of the attitude of the MSME owner in mediating the relationship between the knowledge of the MSME owner about halal certification and religiosity on the intention to get halal certification by implementing the Theory of Planned Behavior.
Niche shifts, low haplotype diversity and invasion potentials of invasive snail Lissachatina fulica (Gastropoda: Achatinidae)

Invasive alien species are one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, ecosystems, human economy and human health. Future climate change may result in niche expansion, contraction or range shift leading to changes in their geographic distribution. The Giant African snail, Lissachatina fulica, is one of the 100 worst invaders. This study uses a species distribution modelling approach to assess current and future potential global distribution for this pest species under two climate change scenarios (SSP2 and SSP5). We tested the niche conservatism hypothesis for this pest species by comparing native niche versus invaded niche. We also quanti�ed niche overlap and niche dynamics such as expansion, stable and un�lling between the native and introduced ranges using PCA-env. Our results show that potentially suitable niches in the present and future climate change scenarios increase signi�cantly. The results suggest that Bio 13 and Annual Mean Temperature (Bio1) are the two most important drivers in determining the potential distribution of this invasive species. Furthermore, we found evidence for niche shifts due to niche expansion across the continents, thus occurring in climatically distinct regions. Finally, the study identi�ed the areas of high invasibility which help in managing this invasive species. This study has implications for understanding the range dynamics of L. fulica across continents despite having low mitochondrial haplotype diversity in the invaded regions.
On the Dwarf Galaxy Rotation Curve Diversity Problem

In this paper, we show how baryonic physics can solve the problem of the striking diversity in dwarf galaxy rotation curves shapes. To this aim, we compare the distribution of galaxies of the SPARC sample, in the plane V2kpc-VRlast (V2kpc being the galaxy rotation velocity at 2 kpc, and VRlast being the outermost one), with that of galaxies that we simulated, taking account of baryonic effects. The scatter in the rotation curves in the V2kpc-VRlast plane, as well as the trend of the SPARC sample, and our simulated galaxy distribution is in good agreement. The solution of the “diversity” problem lies in the ability of the baryonic process to produce non-self-similar haloes, contrary to DM-only simulations. We show also that baryonic effects can reproduce the rotation curves of galaxies such as IC2574, which are characterized by a slow rise in radius. A solution to the diversity problem can be obtained taking the baryon physics effects appropriately into account.
Statistical classification techniques in high energy physics (SDDT algorithm)

We present our proposal of the supervised binary divergence decision tree with nested separation method based on the generalized linear models. A key insight we provide is the clustering driven only by a few selected physical variables. The proper selection consists of the variables achieving the maximal divergence measure between two different classes. Further, we apply our method to Monte Carlo simulations of physics processes corresponding to a data sample of top quark-antiquark pair candidate events in the lepton+jets decay channel. The data sample is produced in pp̅ collisions at √S = 1.96 TeV. It corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9.7 fb-1 recorded with the D0 detector during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The efficiency of our algorithm achieves 90% AUC in separating signal from background. We also briefly deal with the modification of statistical tests applicable to weighted data sets in order to test homogeneity of the Monte Carlo simulations and measured data. The justification of these modified tests is proposed through the divergence tests.
Exponential stability of a coupled system with Wentzell conditions

A coupled system of hyperbolic equations in Maxwell/wave with Wentzell conditions in a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^3$ is considered. Under suitable assumptions, we show the exponential stability of the system. Our method is based on an identity with multipliers that allows to show an appropriate stability estimate.
Modeling of XUV-induced damage in Ru films: the role of model parameters

We perform a computational study of damage formation in extreme ultraviolet (XUV)-irradiated ruthenium thin films by means of combining the Monte Carlo approach with the two-temperature model. The model predicts that the damage formation is most affected by ultrafast heating of the lattice by hot electrons, and is not very sensitive to the initial stage of the material excitation. Numerical parameters of the model were analyzed, as well as different approximations for the thermal parameters, showing the importance of the temperature dependence of the electron thermal conductivity and the electron–phonon coupling factor. Our analysis reveals that the details of photoabsorption and ultrafast non-equilibrium electron kinetics play only a minor role in the XUV irradiation regime.
A 20-Year Climatology of Nocturnal Convection Initiation over the Central and Southern Great Plains during the Warm Season

AbstractA nocturnal maximum in rainfall and thunderstorm activity over the central Great Plains has been widely documented, but the mechanisms for the development of thunderstorms over that region at night are still not well understood. Elevated convection above a surface frontal boundary is one explanation, but this study shows that many thunderstorms form at night without the presence of an elevated frontal inversion or nearby surface boundary.This study documents convection initiation (CI) events at night over the central Great Plains from 1996 to 2015 during the months of April–July. Storm characteristics such as storm type, linear system orientation, initiation time and location, and others were documented. Once all of the cases were documented, surface data were examined to locate any nearby surface boundaries. The event’s initiation location relative to these boundaries (if a boundary existed) was documented. Two main initiation locations relative to a surface boundary were identified: on a surface.
Combination of AROM with deep breathing exercise against fatigue and quality of life of hemodialysis patients; an experimental study

Introduction: In hemodialysis patients, the main problem that often occurs is experiencing fatigue. Untreated fatigue conditions have an impact on decreasing quality of life. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to analyse the effect of the combination of AROM with deep breathing on fatigue and quality of life in the Jemursari Islamic hospital of Surabaya. Patients and Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental investigation with a pre-post-test control group design. The population was 244 of all hemodialysis patients at our hospital. The research sample was 220 respondents, 110 respondents in the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group was given a combination of active range of motion (AROM) and deep breathing exercises for 30 minutes daily for one month. Meanwhile, the control group was assigned training according to hospital procedures. Results: The results showed that almost all of the intervention group (96.4%) had mild fatigue and almost half (40%) had good quality of life. In the control group, most participants (54.5%) experienced severe fatigue, and most (53.6%) experienced a poor quality of life. Data analysis showed that the combination of AROM with deep breathing affected hemodialysis patients’ fatigue and quality of life (P =0.000), which means that the combination of AROM with deep breathing affects the fatigue and quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: A combination of air exercise regularly can reduce fatigue levels and improve quality of life. Nurses can provide a combination of AROM with deep breathing exercises in hemodialysis patients as an exercise program for hemodialysis patients.
Analysis of Purity and Concentration of DNA Isolated in Dragonfly (Onychogomphus forcipatus)

Analysis of the purity and concentration of DNA isolation results was carried out using samples of dragonflies (Onychogomphus forcipatus) species of insects. This research is important because there are many kinds of research in the molecular field that require good DNA isolation techniques to support the success of the research. The purpose of this paper is to provide information about the quality of the isolated DNA seen using the purity and concentration parameters. The extraction method uses the centrifuge column method. The isolated data were analyzed statistically using the average test. The results of DNA isolation showed that the average concentration value was in the range of 60.10 – 69.95. The analysis of the purity of the isolated DNA read at the A260/A280 ratio was in the range of 1.817 – 1.929, while the purity analysis at the A260/A230 ratio was in the range of 0.760 – 0.822. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the analysis of the purity and concentration of DNA from the isolation of dragonfly samples was in a good category at the A260/A280 ratio, while the purity read at the A260/A230 ratio was below the value categorized as good.
How Degree Major and Demographic Factors Influence Employment and Earnings for College Graduates With Visual Impairments

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of employment and earnings for college graduates with visual impairments, with an emphasis on the impact of college degree major on these outcomes. We utilized American Community Survey data to conduct a multinomial logistic regression analysis predicting employment (full-time/full-year versus less than full-time/full-year and not working) and a multiple regression analysis predicting annual earnings. Our predictor variables included demographic factors previously related to employment outcomes plus 25 college degree majors. Degree majors explained little variance in employment and earnings, although several specific majors were associated with these outcomes. Five majors predicted both: Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Nursing, Accounting, and Finance. Age, gender, race, receipt of Social Security benefits, additional disabilities, having an advanced degree, and class of worker (earnings model only) were stronger predictors of employment outcomes than degree major. Degree majors that had significant relationships with earnings and employment in our study generally coincide with those for the general population. Vocational rehabilitation counselors should inform their consumers with visual impairments who are pursuing a college degree of differences in earnings and employment rates based on degree major.
The interplay of real earnings management and investment efficiency: Evidence from the U.S.

Abstract The main objective of this study is to empirically examine the impact of REM on various aspects of investment efficiency, including overinvestment and underinvestment. By examining the interplay between these complex constructs, this research endeavors to provide deeper insights and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate effects of real earnings management on investment efficiency. This study utilizes a sample of 11,172 firm-year observations from publicly listed companies domiciled in the U.S. The study employs two empirical techniques to examine the research hypotheses: the generalized method of moments (GMM) and multinomial logit with two-way dimensional clustering. By employing robust analytical techniques, this research contributes to the scholarly discourse surrounding REM and its effect in shaping present and future investment. The results demonstrate a robust negative relationship between these two variables. Specifically, a negative association exists between a controlled or low-level of real earnings management with underinvestment and overinvestment. These findings imply that REM is a critical determinant of investment efficiency. Therefore, reducing REM can enable firms to optimize their investments more effectively.
Elliptical Accretion and Low Luminosity from High Accretion Rate Stellar Tidal Disruption Events

Models for tidal disruption events (TDEs) in which a supermassive black hole disrupts a star commonly assume that the highly eccentric streams of bound stellar debris promptly form a circular accretion disk at the pericenter scale. However, recent numerical simulations (Shiokawa et al., 2015) demonstrated that dissipation via hydrodynamical shocks is insufficient to circularize debris, and the flow retains its initial semi-major axis scale throughout the first ~10 orbits of the event. The bolometric peak luminosity of most TDE candidates, a few x 10^{44} erg/s, implies that we observe only ~1% of the energy expected from radiatively efficient accretion. Motivated by these results, (Piran et al., 2015) suggested that the observed optical TDE emission is powered by shocks at the apocenter between freshly infalling material and earlier arriving matter. This model explains the small radiated energy, the low temperature, and the large radius implied by the observations as well as the t^{-5/3} light curve. However the question of the system's low {bolometric} efficiency remains unanswered. We suggest that the high orbital energy and low angular momentum of the flow make it possible for magnetic stresses to reduce the matter's already small angular momentum to the point at which it can fall ballistically into the SMBH before circularization. As a result, the efficiency is only ~1--10% of a standard accretion disk's efficiency. Thus, the intrinsically high eccentricity of the tidal debris naturally explains why most TDE candidates are fainter than expected.
Evaluation of radial nerve palsy treatment: tendon transfer with the flexor carpi radialis combination

Introduction: Radial nerve palsy, a common peripheral nerve injury, significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. The standard treatment is tendon transfer, but the optimal choice of tendon transfers remains a subject of ongoing debate. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment of radial nerve palsy through tendon transfer with the flexor carpi radialis combination in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: This observational study was conducted over 18 weeks at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of 3 medical college hospitals in Bangladesh. Forty adult patients with radial nerve palsy were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Participants were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score. Complications were also recorded. Results: The majority of participants were male (77.5%) and had right-sided injuries (72.5%). The most common cause of injury was humerus shaft injury (55.0%). The most common site of injury was middle third of the humerus shaft (67.50%). Postoperatively, 85.0% achieved an "Excellent" grade. Complications were minimal, with 90% of participants experiencing no complications. Conclusions: Tendon transfer with the flexor carpi radialis combination appears to be an effective treatment for radial nerve palsy, with significant improvements in DASH scores postoperatively and minimal complications. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and compare the effectiveness of this treatment with other tendon transfer combinations.
The Effect of Exchange Rates, Profitability and Solvency on Stock Prices: Mediated Effect of Dividend Policy (Study on Registered Consumer Goods Companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange)

The share price of consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange fluctuated, which caused investors to experience difficulties investing in the capital market. A dividend policy is a policy in making decisions to distribute profits as dividends or withhold profits for business development; This is difficult for many company managers to do. This study aims to test and prove empirically the effect of exchange rates, interest rates, profitability, and solvency on stock prices mediated by dividend policy. This study uses a quantitative approach with a sample of consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The number of observations is 14 companies, with a research period of 5 years (2016-2020). Sampling using a purposive sampling method. Analysis of research data using multiple linear regression methods and path analysis. The study results show that solvency does not significantly affect stock prices directly or through dividend policy. In contrast, profitability significantly affects stock prices directly and through dividend policy. The results of the same test also show that the exchange rate measured using exchange rate sensitivity has a significant effect on the share price of consumer goods companies.