Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topology control with IPD network creation games

Network creation games couple a two-players game with the evolution of network structure. A vertex player may increase its own payoff with a change of strategy or with a modification of its edge-defined neighbourhood. By referring to the iterated prisoners dilemma (IPD) game we show that this evolutionary dynamics converges to network-Nash equilibria, where no vertex is able to improve its payoff. The resulting network structure exhibits a strong dependence on the parameter of the payoff matrix. Degree distributions and cluster coefficients are also strongly affected by the specific interactions chosen for the neighbourhood exploration. This allows network creation games to be seen as a promising artificial-social-systems approach for a distributive topology control of complex networked systems.
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Chlorophyll Content and Fluorescence Response within Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Canopies under Different Cadmium Stress

The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of rice canopy leaves at different leaf positions is very important for non-destructive monitoring under Cadmium (Cd) stress, and is one of the key problems that need to be solved urgently in modern agriculture. This study aims to explore the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of chlorophyll content and fluorescence in rice canopy leaves under different Cd stress concentrations. The responses of the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters to Cd stress in the tillering, heading, and filling stages were analyzed through pot experiments with three Cd concentrations: 0.20 mg·kg−1 (CK), 0.60 mg·kg−1 (Cd1), and 1.60 mg·kg−1 (Cd2). Results showed that the canopy leaf SPAD value increased with increasing Cd concentration. Compared with CK, the leaf SPAD value in the Cd1 and Cd2 treatments were 1.91–3.45% and 5.52–12.01% lower, respectively. The SPAD value of the lower leaves was higher in the tillering stage, while the SPAD value of the upper leaves was higher in the heading and filling stages. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of the third leaf (D3), the initial fluorescence yield (Fo) of the second leaf (D2), and the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) in the tillering stage; the NPQ, Fo, and Fv/Fm of the D3 in the heading stage; and the NPQ, Fo, Fv/Fm, and Fv/Fm of the D2 in the filling stage were more sensitive to Cd stress than the other leaves and ChlF parameters.
The Impact of the Appalachian Mountains on Cyclonic Weather Systems. Part I: A Climatology

Abstract A climatological study of cold fronts and cyclones crossing the Appalachian Mountains from the west through northwest has been performed. A sample size of 50 fronts and 40 cyclones was derived from the seven winter seasons (December through March) between 1979 and 1986. The analysis revealed that initially linear cold fronts are slowed and deformed by the mountains, with the mean frontal speed decreasing 40% and the fronts developing a pronounced “kink” just east of the southern Appalachians. Furthermore, over the mountains the cross-front thermal and pressure gradients are enhanced by about 25% and 63%, respectively. Once past the mountains, fronts are weaker and often difficult to locate. In particular, the cyclonic wind shift is very ill defined, and the cross-front pressure gradient is reduced to 38% of the premountain value. Finally, small-scale (500-km diameter) “lee lows” form on more than half of the fronts. Though typically benign, some of these disturbances may play a role in offshore c.
Magnetohydrodynamic Acceleration of the Crab Pulsar Wind

It is argued that ideal magnetohydrodynamic processes can realize the full acceleration of pulsar winds. The fast magnetosonic surface must be situated at the innermost points of the asymptotic domain far outside the Alfvénic distances. Ongoing field-flow interactions make plasma particles more and more ballistic, with the field structure becoming increasingly radial, in the asymptotic superfast domain. The condition of transfield force balance itself requires gradual conversion of Poynting flux to kinetic energy flux, thereby approaching a quasi-conical structure. This will be helpful to the resolution of the notorious discrepancy between the Crab pulsar wind theory and the Rees-Gunn model for the Crab Nebula.
Hyperbolic hypersurfaces in the complex projective spaces of low dimensions

There have been a number of results for hyperbolic hypersurfaces in the complex projective spaces (cf. [AS], [BG], [D], [K], [MN], [N], [S] and [Z]). In particular, J. P. Demailly [D] constructed a remarkable example of hyperbolic hypersurfaces of degree 11 in JP(C). On the other hand, the author [S] gave hyperbolic hypersurfaces of degree 13" in P(C) whose complements are complete hyperbolic and hyperbolically imbedded in P(C). In this paper, we give hyperbolic hypersurfaces in the complex projective spaces of dimension 2, 3 and 4. For example, we construct hyperbolic hypersurfaces in P(C) of degree 31 whose complements are complete hyprebolic and hyperbolically imbedded in P(C), and hyperbolic hypersurface of degree 36 in P(C).
Impact of Device Layout on Thermal Parameters and RF Performance of 90-nm SiGe HBTs

The present work investigates the impact of transistor layout on both the RF and thermal performance of 90-nm SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The resulting performance shows only slight degradation in small-signal RF figures-of-merit, while large-signal RF figures-of-merit relevant to power amplifiers (PAs) are improved. Thermal resistance and capacitance were extracted for five different SiGe HBT layouts with the same total emitter area. Additionally, a favorable trade-off exists between RF performance figures-of-merit and thermal parameters; namely, the thermal time constant can be reduced by up to 37% with optimal layout, with only slight degradation (up to 8%) in RF performance. These optimal device layout variations can help circuit designers mitigate thermal memory effects at the device level, thereby improving the overall large-signal linearity of PAs.
Discrete Spatial Optical Solitons in Waveguide Arrays

We report the observation of discrete spatial optical solitons in an array of 41 waveguides. Lightwas coupled to the central waveguide. At low power, the propagating ﬁeld spreads as it couples tomore waveguides. When sufﬁcient power was injected, the ﬁeld was localized close to the inputwaveguides and its distribution was successfully described by the discrete nonlinear Schrodingerequation. [S0031-9007(98)07295-0]
Magnolol as a Protective Antioxidant Alleviates Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Damage through MAPK/mTOR/Nrf2 in Broilers

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanism of magnolol supplementation on rotenone-induced oxidative stress in broilers. Two hundred and eighty-eight old male AA broilers were randomly divided into four groups: the CON group: basic diet with sunflower oil injection; the ROT group: basic diet with 24 mg/kg BW rotenone; the MAG + ROT group: basic diet with 300 mg/kg magnolol and rotenone injection; and the MAG group: basic diet with 300 mg/kg magnolol and sunflower oil injection. At 21–27 days of age, the broilers in each group were intraperitoneally injected with rotenone (24 mg/kg BW) or the same volume of sunflower oil. The results showed that magnolol reversed the decrease in ADG post-injection and FBW via rotenone induction. Compared to the ROT group, MAG + ROT group enhanced the average daily gain post injection (p < 0.05). Magnolol supplement could improve the activity and mRNA expression of rotenone-suppressed antioxidant enzymes such as GSH and GSH-PX (p < 0.05). Similarly, the MDA content as an oxidative damage marker was significantly reduced after magnolol addition (p < 0.05). The hepatocyte apoptosis and the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related signaling pathway in the ROT group increased, but magnolol supplementation inhibited rotenone-induced apoptosis through the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Through RNA transcriptome analysis, there were 277 differential genes expressions (DEGs) among the CON group with ROT group, and 748 DEGs were found between the ROT group and the MAG + ROT group. KEGG pathway enrichment found that magnolol relieved rotenone-induced energy metabolism disorder and oxidative damage through signaling pathways such as MAPK and mTOR. In conclusion, magnolol attenuates rotenone-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress of broilers, presumably by restoring hepatic antioxidant function via the MAPK/mTOR/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Online information seeking during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-country analysis

The aim of this study was to investigate the coronavirus-related web-searching patterns of people from the 10 most affected nations in September 2020. The authors extracted all searches for the sample nations, consisting of the two words ‘COVID-19’ and ‘coronavirus’ and their variations, from Google Trends for the complete year of 2020. The results showed a discrepancy due to the priority of the language used during searches for coronavirus-related information. The time span of the attention level of citizens towards coronavirus-related information was relatively short (about one month). This supports the assumption of the activation model of information exposure that information which generates a negative affect is not welcomed by users. The findings have practical implications for governments and health authorities in, for example, launching information services for citizens in the early months of a pandemic and them remaining as the preferred source of information for citizens.
8 IMPACT OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION ON EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RATE OF VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS.

It has been established that small for gestational age (SGA) infants have a higher risk of developing chronic disease in adulthood. Our hypothesis is that SGA have a different early extrauterine growth rate than adequate for gestational age (AGA) infants. The main purpose of our study is to determine if there are differences in the early growth patterns of SGA vs AGA infants born of very low birth weight. The determination of the differences in the growth rate between SGA and AGA infants can lead to the development of nutritional guidelines directed to the needs of SGA infants and the reduction of health risks later in life. Methods We performed a statistical analysis of a nested case control. Two hundred sixteen infants born of very low birth weight at the University Pediatric Hospital between 1999 and 2003 who survived to discharge were included. Patients with gastrointestinal conditions, birth defects, and those who were transferred to another institution during the first week of life were excluded from the study. The group of analysis was derived by pairing all the SGA infants with AGA infants by sex, year of birth, and birth weight (within 100 g). Data were obtained from the Vermont Oxford Network forms. Growth rate was defined as grams gained per kilogram of birth weight per day. We used two-sample t-test to determine the difference in growth rate between groups, and x2 for the evaluation of categorical variables. Odds ratio was determined to assess the impact of morbidity elements. Simple regression was used to establish the effect of morbidities on growth rate. Results The mean birth weight for all the infants was 1,105 g (± 223 g), mean gestational age was 30 weeks (± 2.7 weeks), and mean growth rate was 13.4 g/kg/d (± 6.8 g/kg/d). The mean growth rate for AGA was lower (11.9 g/kg/d ± 7.6) than that of SGA infants (14.9 g/kg/d ± 5.5), resulting in a statistically significant difference in the extrauterine growth rate of AGA and SGA infants (p = .0000). Odds ratio analysis showed a higher risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR = 0.3), low APGAR (OR = 0.4), and sepsis (OR = 0.4) for the AGA group. When all variables were analyzed using the lineal regression model, only having a low APGAR score (p = .02) and being SGA (p = .0004) produced a difference in the growth rate of statistical significance. We conclude that the growth patterns of SGA and AGA infants are different and that the disparity in growth rate is not explained by the differences in the incidence of morbidities that affect extrauterine growth. Other elements, such as differences in the utilization of nutrients by SGA infants, should be evaluated in the future.
The cationic interstitials induced resistive switching: a case study on Mn-doped SnO2

This work has explored the possible defects in Mn-doped SnO2 and compared the effects of interstitial Mn and oxygen vacancies on the electronic structure of SnO2. Combining the DFT calculations and experimental measurements, we found that when the Mn-doped SnO2 is synthesised under Sn-rich or O-poor conditions, the defect pair of Mn substitution and interstitial rather than oxygen vacancy will be formed, which induces energy band across the Fermi level and significantly affects the electronic structure of SnO2. With the Mn interstitials, stable intrinsic multi-level resistive states and optical SET can be achieved in the Mn-doped SnO2 memristors. This result can provide guidance in the fabrications of defective metal oxides and promote the investigations on cationic interstitial triggered multi-level resistive switching and optoelectronic memristors.
Bilingual youth identities contested through the use of K-12 language arts textbooks in a Korean heritage language classroom

ABSTRACT In the US, many immigrant languages have been maintained through the efforts of local communities in the form of community-based Heritage Language (HL) programs. Previous studies have discussed diverging linguistic practices and identities among students and teachers in HL programs. However, there is little research on how materials use affects such diverging practices in HL classrooms. To this end, this study adopts Actor Network Theory (ANT) as an analytical framework to investigate how a K-12 Korean language arts textbook was used in a community-based Korean HL classroom in the US and how student subjectivities were contested through materials use. Based on four months of ethnographic data, this study mainly discusses two findings. First, influenced by the monolingual conceptualization of bilingualism, the teacher used the textbook to enforce form-focused literacy instruction, which positioned students as an incompetent language learner. Second, during literacy activities, students interpreted and responded to materials through flexible bilingual practices, constructing their identities as competent bilinguals. The study suggests creating an official space for bilingual youth to ‘play with the language of the material’ in HL classrooms.
The Development of Executive Function: Mechanisms of Change and Functional Pressures

ABSTRACT This developmental account of executive function (EF) argues that domain-general analogical processes build a functional hierarchy of skills, which vary on a continuum of abstraction, and become increasingly differentiated over time. The paper begins by showing how a functional hierarchy can capture important aspects of EF development, including incrementalism, partial differentiation, and a shift from reactive to proactive control. It then details how children construct this hierarchy in development, by showing how they make functional analogies between similar EF problems, in a bottom-up incremental fashion. This results in EF structure which becomes differentiated into components which are more suited to solving some goal-directed problems than others. The developmental implications of this are that children eventually acquire task-general EFs while also retaining goal-specific skills sensitive to wider beliefs, values, norms, preferences, relevant motor, procedural, and embodied knowledge. There is discussion of how this approach is similar to and different from existing accounts, and how it relates to broader issues of training and transfer, group and individual differences, overlapping EF functions and domain-general learning. The developmental mechanisms advocated under this account intentionally draw on neuropsychological, learning and cognitive processes that have been demonstrated in other domains, so that EF theory can benefit from the lessons learned elsewhere and become more integrated with other areas of cognition.
Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Potential of an Anticancer Drug Paclitaxel after Prolong Exposure in Adult Female Rats

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a microtubule inhibitor commonly used as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of a variety of cancers including breast cancer. PTX is causing several serious side effects during and after chemotherapy related to metabolic and renal dysfunctions. Clinical and non-clinical studies on PTX exposure and histopathological changes in liver and kidney are limited; therefore present study was designed to evaluate hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of PTX in adult female rats. In this regimen, equivalent therapeutic doses of PTX (1.6 and 3.2 mg/kg BW) were intravenously administered weekly for six weeks. After six weeks of exposure, liver and kidney of PTX exposed and control rats were extirpated, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for paraffin sectioning. As per protocol, sections of liver and kidney were cut at 8 µm and finally stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Our results demonstrated that intermittent exposure to PTX for six weeks (once per week) induced substantive histopathological changes in liver (hepatocyte derangement, blood clotting, and CV dilatation) and kidney (glomerular atrophy, vascular congestion, dilation of distal tubules) of female rats.
Twice A Minority: Education and Life Experiences of War Victim Refugee Youth with Developmental Disabilities and those of Their Parents in Türkiye

According to 2022 data, approximately 4 million Syrians live in Türkiye, and it is known that %24.7 of them have various disabilities. Recent research has shown that the developmental disability is one of the most common types of disability among Syrian refugees in Türkiye. We aimed to investigate the lives of refugees with developmental disabilities, who are twice a minority. Among the Syrian refugees in Türkiye, 24.7% are individuals with special needs. It was reported that developmental disabilities and post-traumatic stress disorder are the most prevalent diagnoses across the refugees. The study aims to investigate the current status and educational needs of Syrian refugees with developmental disabilities and their parents, who live in refugee camps in Türkiye with a specific emphasis on their education life. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young refugees with developmental disabilities and their parents in the study conducted with a phenomenological approach. The content analysis conducted on the study data revealed that these individuals migrated to Türkiye due to the Syrian war, and they did not want to return to their home country. Since they lived in camps in Türkiye, they have been isolated from social life. Participants stated that they mostly required special education and health facilities and socialization. The identified problems were analyzed, and certain recommendations are presented based on the study findings.
X-ray generation mechanisms in three-dimensional simulations of wire array Z-pinches

Resistive magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are used to evaluate the influence of three-dimensional inhomogeneities on x-ray power production in wire array Z-pinches. In particular, we concentrate on simulations of wire array Z-pinch experiments on the MAGPIE generator at Imperial College. An initial temperature perturbation is used to stimulate variations in wire core ablation rates that result in a highly non-uniform final implosion. Results indicate that x-ray power production is governed by the symmetry of the implosion surface and by the rate at which current can transfer to the axis through a three-dimensional debris field that trails behind the main implosion. The peak power is ultimately limited by the growth of MHD instabilities in the stagnated pinch. The individual contributions of the implosion kinetic energy, compression of the stagnated pinch, ohmic heating and MHD instabilities to the radiation yield are quantified. The onset of m = 1 instabilities is found to provide an efficient mechanism for dissipation of the magnetic energy surrounding the stagnated pinch. The formation of a helical plasma column not only allows the magnetic field to do work in driving an expansion of the helix but also enhances the ohmic heating by elongating the path of the current through the pinch. The effect of these energy sources combined is to increase the radiation yield to typically 3½ times the kinetic energy of the implosion. Simulations of arrays with different wire numbers, wire material and with nested arrays are used to examine the mechanisms that influence the peak soft x-ray power. In the simulations, peak power can be increased by: increasing the number of wires (which improves the implosion symmetry), by increasing the atomic number of the material (which increases the compressibility of the plasma) and by using a nested inner array (which brings the mass and the current to the axis more efficiently than a single array).
A new transform method for evolution partial differential equations

We introduce a new transform method for solving initial-boundary-value problems for linear evolution partial differential equations with spatial derivatives of arbitrary order. This method is illustrated by solving several such problems on the half-line {t > 0, 0 0,0 < xj < ∞, j = 1, 2}. For equations in one space dimension this method constructs q(x, t) as an integral in the complex k-plane involving an x-transform of the initial condition and a t-transform of the boundary conditions. For equations in two space dimensions it constructs q (x 1 , x 2 , t) as an integral in the complex (k 1 , k 2 )-planes involving an (x 1 , x 2 )-transform of the initial condition, an (x 2 , t)-transform of the boundary conditions at x 1 = 0, and an (x 1 , t)-transform of the boundary conditions at x 2 = 0. This method is simple to implement and yet it yields integral representations which are particularly convenient for computing the long time asymptotics of the solution.
Bisphenol A removal in treated wastewater matrix at neutral pH using magnetic graphite intercalation compounds as persulfate activators

Effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major sources for releasing contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into the aquatic environment, which can result in negative effects on aquatic ecosystems and, as a consequence, on humans. Herein, the graphite intercalation concept was used to synthesize heterogeneous catalysts to degrade bisphenol A (BPA) as a model CEC in municipal WWTP effluents at neutral pH. The catalyst was synthesized using the simple molten salt method and showed several benefits, such as iron leaching prevention and stability in environmental matrices. Different methods were applied to describe the catalyst's structural characteristics. The proposed system removed 99.3% of BPA in 75 min using 2 g/L of the synthesized catalyst and 1.19 g/L (5 mM) persulfate at neutral pH. Quenching experiments showed that catalytic activities and BPA removals were significantly aided by both radical and non‐radical pathways through the generation of free radicals and singlet oxygen (1O2). Furthermore, the reuse of recycled synthesized catalyst was investigated on treated urban wastewater, and the results showed that the catalyst could degrade BPA from the wastewater in consecutive cycles, demonstrating its applicability under real conditions.