Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Viscous Anisotropy on Pipe Poiseuille Flow

Regions of partially molten rock in the Earth’s mantle are of interest to Earth scientists, being key to understanding and predicting volcanism and the development of the mantle. Observations and experiments must be carried out in laboratories, while theory and models are also studied and developed to better match and explain the observations. In this article we consider a low-porosity system in which magma flows in the pores in a matrix of solid grains. The system at the grain-scale is important in explaining the model of an anisotropic viscosity [Takei and Holtzman, 2009a,b,c, Katz and Takei, 2013a] but, by averaging over a representative volume element [Katz and Spiegelman, 2012], the system is considered a continuum for the purposes of the equations. In the model of viscous anisotropy, which was developed by Takei and Holtzman [2009a,b,c] using experimental evidence from Daines and Kohlstedt [1997] and Zimmerman et al. [1999], and which has been studied by Butler [2012] and Katz and Takei [2013a,b], we consider a matrix of solid grains with liquid magma flowing in channels between the grains. The porosity is assumed to be small: Takei and Holtzman [2009c] consider φ lying between about 0.02 and 0.189; Butler [2012] uses an initial value of φ0 = 0.01 and allows 0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.02; and Katz and Takei [2013a,b] consider φ0 = 0.05 and φ ≤ 0.2. Anisotropy, caused by a reduced contact area between grains, develops in the direction of the largest principal stress, leading to a direction-dependent viscosity [Takei and Holtzman, 2009a]. There has been experimental work on simple shear and torsion, investigated by Holtzman et al. [2003] and King et al. [2010]. Katz and Takei investigated the theory of these configurations using the model of anisotropic viscosity, and presented a qualitative explanation of some of the observations [Katz and Takei, 2013a,b]. Katz and Takei also considered planar Poiseuille flow between two parallel plates. Here, we investigate gravity-driven Poiseuille flow in a cylindrical pipe, employing the same anisotropy model used by Katz and Takei. This will build on their work and will be more suited for comparison with new experiments which are being undertaken in pipe Poiseuille geometry. In this article we recall the equations governing the system, which we study first under the (problematic) simplification of uniform anisotropy and later in their full, non-linear, form. In our work, we discuss the problems associated with the model of uniform anisotropy, and propose a non-uniform approximation to the anisotropy parameters. Using such an approximation, we still need only solve linear differential equations for the velocity, but we obtain results very close to the numerical solution of the full problem at t = 0. The finite time, numerical solutions form the final part of our theoretical investigation. The results, and comparison with observations, will give more information to theorists regarding where the current model works and where it fails, and enable further refinement of the model to better fit experimental results.
Testing the efficacy of Mueller Hinton agar over Nutrient agar for optimal antibiotic sensitivity testing response by selected clinical bacterial pathogens

The efficacy of Mueller Hinton agar over Nutrient agar in terms of antibiotic sensitivity testing for optimal antibiotic response by selected clinical bacterial pathogens was carried out in this study. Clinical bacterial pathogens used for the study were Pseudomonas aerµginosa, Enterococcus spp, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Standard and locally manufactured antibiotic discs used were by Abtek Biologicals Ltd, Liverpool and Maxicare Medical Laboratory, Nigeria respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) was by agar diffusion method. Pure cultures of each isolate were subcultured on sterile Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) and Nutrient agar (NA) media after which the standard and locally manufactured discs were aseptically impregnated on the media. All inoculated plates were incubated at 37oC for 24hrs aerobically after appropriate labeling. Zones of inhibition were measured by standard methods and recorded. On Nutrient agar, standard and locally produced ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs did not produce zones of inhibition significantly different from each other at both 95% and 99% confidence intervals (P ˃ 0.05 and P ˃ 0.01). On Mueller Hinton agar, standard and locally manufactured ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs produced zones of inhibition that were significantly different from each other at 95% confidence interval (P ˂ 0.05). Standard and local ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs produced zones of inhibition on MHA and NA which were not significantly different (P ˃ 0.05 and P ˃ 0.01). Standard discs used recorded better zones of inhibition on MHA compared to the local discs. Standard and local discs zones of inhibition on MHA was however not significantly different from those recorded on NA (P ˃ 0.05). Standard discs therefore, did not produce better zones of inhibition over local discs on MHA and on NA. On the whole, the use of MHA for antibiotic sensitivity testing did not record greater (better) zones of inhibition than those recorded on NA except for standard ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamycin discs over the corresponding local discs on MHA only. Findings did not convincingly establish better performance of standard discs over local discs whether used on MHA or NA. Further studies in this direction is recommended.
Comparison of the hypotensor effect between latanoprost versus selective laser trabeculoplasty obtained with the water drinking test

Submitted for publication: January 23, 2020 Accepted for publication: May 21, 2020 Funding: This study received no specific financial support. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest: None of the authors have any potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Corresponding author: Renato Antunes Schiave Germano. E-mail: rasgermano@hotmail.com Approved by the following research ethics committee: Universidade do Sagrado Coração (#1.790.370). ABSTRACT | Purpose: Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Peak intraocular pressure is one of the main risk factors for glaucoma progression, and intraocular pressure reduction remains the only therapeutic strategy for all types of glaucoma. The main purpose of our study was to compare the baseline and peak intraocular pressure reduction obtained with the water drinking test between the two eyes of the same patients using 0.005% latanoprost in one eye and selective laser trabeculoplasty application in the contralateral eye. Methods: This was a prospective, interventional, longitudinal, and randomized clinical trial, in which 30 consecutive glaucomatous patients, medically controlled using latanoprost monotherapy, were recruited from a single ophthalmological center. The patients’ eyes were randomized, and one eye was selected for SLT treatment and topical 0.005% latanoprost was introduced in the contralateral eye. The baseline intraocular pressure and peak intraocular pressure were evaluated 1 month (water drinking test 2) and 6 months (water drinking test 3) after treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean pre-washout intraocular pressure in the randomized eyes for selective laser trabeculoplasty and latanoprost (13.6 ± 2.1 and 13.3 ± 1.8 mmHg, respectively; p=0.182). Regarding baseline intraocular pressure, there was no significant difference in the water drinking test 2 (p=0.689) and water drinking test 3 (p=0.06) between the groups. There was no significant difference in the intraocular pressure peak between the SLT and latanoprost groups at water drinking test 2 (p=0.771) or water drinking test 3 (p=0.774). Conclusions: The intraocular pressure reduction efficacy is similar between latanoprost and selective laser trabeculoplasty. Glaucomatous patients who are medically controlled with latanoprost and switch treatment to selective laser trabeculoplasty maintain control of intraocular pressure.
Cookies from the Past

Cookies were originally introduced as a way to provide state awareness to websites, and they are now one of the backbones of the current web. However, their use is not limited to store the login information or to save the current state of user browsing. In several cases, third-party cookies are deliberately used for web tracking, user analytics, and for online advertisement, with the subsequent privacy loss for the end-users. However, cookies are not the only technique capable of retrieving the users’ browsing history. In fact, history sniffing techniques are capable of tracking the users’ browsing history without relying on any specific code in a third-party website, but only on code executed within the visited site. Many sniffing techniques have been proposed to date, but they usually have several limitations, and they are not able to differentiate between multiple possible states within the target application. We propose BakingTimer, a new history-sniffing technique based on timing the execution of server-side request processing code. This method is capable of retrieving partial or complete user browsing history, it does not require any permission, and it can be performed through both first- and third-party scripts. We studied the impact of our timing side-channel attack to detect prior visits to websites and discovered that it was capable of detecting the users’ state in more than half of the 10K websites analyzed, which is the largest test performed to date to test this type of technique. We additionally performed a manual analysis to check the capabilities of the attack to differentiate between three states: never accessed, accessed, and logged in. Moreover, we performed a set of stability tests to verify that our time measurements are robust with respect to changes both in the network RTT and in the servers workload. This extended version additionally includes a comprehensive analysis of existing countermeasures, starting from its evolution/adoption, and finishing with a large-scale experiment to asset the repercussions on the presented technique.
Building up Trust in a Dynamic Game: A study on Collusive Price-fixing in the Chilean Pharmaceutical Retail industry

This paper provides a tractable model that separates firms’ incentive problems and coordination problems during the initiation of collusion. In the Chilean pharmaceutical industry, firms collude through price leadership. Collusion gradually diffuses among markets: firms collusively raise prices in a couple of markets per week. We propose a model of price leadership under the dynamic pricing game framework to incorporate the coordination problems by allowing firms’ beliefs about competitors’ conduct to be biased towards a competitive equilibrium. As firms observe supra-competitive prices, they adaptively learn that competitors are willing to collude. The market characteristics explain firms’ willingness to collude: those markets with lower cross-firm elasticities, the collusive price leadership costs lower. We show that the gradualism is explained by the heterogeneous market characteristics as well as firms’ learning to coordinate.
Hyperpycnites within the Devonian-Carboniferous flysch of the Carpatho-Balkanides (Kostadinovica, eastern Serbia)

This study presents new discoveries of vascular plants and the trace fossil Dictyodora liebeana (GEINITZ) from the Devonian–Carboniferous Kucaj-Zvonce flysch of the Carpatho-Balkanides and the implications of this fossil association for its sedimentary setting. The occurrence of the described plant debris in a deep-marine environment indicates the presence of hyperpycnites within the siliciclastic turbidites exposed at the Kostadinovica locality. The sedimentological data and the characteristics of the fossil material support the proposed model in which the sediment was at least partially transported by hyperpycnite currents. Furthermore, based on the assessment to similar palaeofloras from comparable formations, the age of the fossil plants can be determined as Early Carboniferous. This can be used as an additional biostratigraphic criterion given the relative abundance of vascular plants in other localities of the Kucaj-Zvonce flysch described in previous studies. The age and the depositional setting of the succession is further better constrained by the first observation of Dictyodora liebeana (GEINITZ) in the Carpatho-Balkanides of Serbia.
Chemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Pyrazole and Pyrazole Derivatives: A Review

At the heart of current research is the battle for more efficient and less toxic treatment approaches for diseases. Pyrazole and its derivatives have emerged as an influential scaffold that has drawn the attention of researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry due to its appreciable diversity in biological activities. Pyrazole derivatives have found numerous applications in fluorescent substances, dyes, and agrochemicals. Pyrazole is a multifunction lead compound for efficient biologically active molecules generated by researchers. They have shown a widespread biological and pharmacological activity such as antitumor, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antileishmanial activity, ACE inhibitors, antidiabetic, antiparkinsonian and neuroprotective properties. This rational diversity in the pattern of physiological reaction has led many scientists, with far more successful pharmacological intervention, to refine and create new structural alternatives. This Review is important for previous studies and initiatives to explore in the near future the various activities of compounds associated with pyrazole and pyrazole derivatives.
Hedging strategies under jump-induced market incompleteness

The market for cryptocurrencies is a very dynamic market with highly volatile movements and discontinuities from large jumps. We investigate the risk-management perspective when selling securities written on cryptocurrencies. To this day, options written on cryptocurrencies are not officially exchange-traded. This study mimics the dynamics of cryptocurrency markets in a simulation study. We assume that the asset follows the stochastic volatility with correlated jumps model as presented in Duffie et al. (2000) and price options with parameters calibrated on the CRIX, a cryptocurrency index that serves as a representative of market movements. We investigate on risk-management opportunities of hedging options written on cryptocurrencies and evaluate the hedge performance under model misspecification. The hedge models are misspecified in the manner that they include fewer sources of randomness than the data-generating process. We hedge with the industry-standard Black-Scholes option pricing model, the Heston Stochastic volatility model, and the Merton jump-diffusion model. We present different hedging strategies and perform an empirical study on delta-hedging. We report poor hedging results when calibration is poor. The results show good performances of the Black-Scholes and the Heston model and outline the poor hedging performance of the Merton model. Lastly, we observe large unhedgeable losses in the left tail. These losses potentially result from large jumps.
Engagement of business angels during the post-investment stage

The major part of the research conducted has a focus on one type of investor – venture capitalists. The academic literature about business angels remains underdeveloped. Because of that, they are the least understood source of funding for the start-ups, especially during the postinvestment stage. This study concentrates on the finding ways of engaging the business angels during the post-investment stage, through the lens of psychological capital as the crucial factor of engagement as well as the framework of psychological ownership, to investigate the underlying emotional and cognitive state of angel investors during the venture development and growth. The main research question is ‘How angel investors can be more engaged during the postinvestment stage? ’ The question was answered by discovering the psychological characteristics of angel investors, defining the angel investors’ engagement and the ways how to increase psychological capital. The study adapted qualitative approach, enabling the researcher to explore the phenomenon and expand the knowledge about angel investors’ engagement. The semi-structured interviewing and surveying were chosen for this research and in total nine business angels had participated in the study. The business angels had more four and more years of operational experiences in the investment field. The empirical data confirmed the assumption that activating different capitals of engagements can increase the integration of the business angels into the venture beyond financial involvement. It was also concluded that non-financial factors of the engagement can equally impact on the engagement of angel investor as well as applicability of the investor’s expertise, knowledge and experience from the venture’s founder point of view. Thus, this study provides important managerial implications for the founders on how to engage angel investors more during the post-investment stage in the venture development.
REINTRODUCING FIRE IN PONDEROSA PINE-FIR FORESTS AFTER A CENTURY OF FIRE EXCLUSION

Elimination of the historic pattern of frequent low-intensity fires in Inland West ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-fir (Abies spp. and Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests has contributed to major ecological disruptions. Today most stands contain thickets of small trees (often firs) and are experiencing insect and disease epidemics as well as catastrophic wildfires. Restoring sustainable forest conditions is complicated by fuel accumulation, poor tree vigor, and profound changes in stand structure. Existing conditions in many pine-fir forests require partial cutting to: (1) remove sapling and pole size ladder fuels; (2) manipulate species composition to favor ponderosa pine; and (3) reduce overstory density to promote regeneration. Focused cutting allows controlled removal of trees in terms of number, size, species, and location, particularly those that cannot be targeted for removal in a prescribed burn. Harvest cutting also allows trees to be used for forest products, often generating enough income to pay for needed restoration treatments. Prescribed fire should be introduced after the initial cutting as a more ecologically based disturbance to promote restoration. Properly applied fire removes undesirable small trees, reduces the fuel hazard accentuated by cutting, stimulates herbaceous and shrubby vegetation, and creates nutrient-rich mineral seedbeds favored for seral species regeneration. Fire should be reapplied periodically to manipulate living and dead biomass, and help maintain healthy, resilient forest conditions. Citation: Fiedler, Carl E. , Stephen F. Arno, and Michael G. Harrington. 1998. Reintroducing fire in ponderosa pine-fir forests after a century of fire exclusion. Pages 245-249 in Teresa L. Pruden and Leonard A. Brennan (eds.). Fire in ecosystem management: shifting the paradigm from suppression to prescription. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings, No. 20. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.
COMPATIBILITY OF AZOXYSTROBIN AND CYPROCONAZOLE ON PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING MICROORGANISMS

Avoiding the toxicity effect of chemical fungicides on rhizobacteria is a sustainable alternative for agroecosystem management. Rhizobacteria, whose bioprotective and plant growth-promoter potential have been reported in the literature, lack studies on their performance in integrated management with pesticides. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of azoxystrobin + cyproconazole on the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces seoulensis, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Three independent experiments were set up, i.e., one for each microorganism, and carried out in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (3 × 6), with three doses (recommended by the manufacturer, half, and twice) and six periods of evaluations (48, 96, 144, 192, 240, and 288 hours), with three replications. Growth inhibition rings were evaluated. Azoxystrobin + cyproconazole at all tested doses is compatible with B. subtilis. The use of azoxystrobin + cyproconazole affected the growth of B. japonicum and S. seoulensis, which were sensitive to all its doses until 288 hours after inoculation.
Approaching the Unification and Diversity of Pottery Assemblages

This paper questions the cycling nature of the unification and diversity of pottery forms through a case study of ceramics of the Western Tripolye culture in the Southern Bug and Dnieper interfluve in modern Ukraine. We identified the cultural cycle representing the transition from more unified ceramic assemblages to more diverse ones, and then back to more unified assemblages. This cultural cycle is disturbed by the increase in the diversity of pottery sets at three of ten subsequent time periods we have analysed. The obtained results are discussed in frames of deterministic explanations and the dynamic behaviour of complex systems. IZVLE∞EK – V ≠lanku se spra∏ujemo o cikli≠ni naravi poenotenja in raznolikosti kerami≠nih oblik s pomo≠jo ∏tudijskega primera lon≠enine iz zahodne tripoljske kulture na obmo≠ju ju∫nega medre≠ja Buga in Dnepra v sodobni Ukrajini. Prepoznali smo kulturni cikel, ki predstavlja prehod iz bolj poenotenih kerami≠nih zbirov k ve≠ji raznolikosti ter prehod nazaj k bolj enotnemu zbiru. Ta kulturni cikel zmoti nara∏≠anje raznolikosti lon≠eninskih zbirov v treh od desetih zaporednih ≠asovnih obdobjih, ki smo jih analizirali. Dobljene rezultate obravnavamo v okviru deterministi≠nih razlag in dinami≠nem vedenju kompleksnih sistemov.
Morpho-biometric characterization of local chicken population in Niger

The present study was initiated to determine the morphobiometric characteristics of local chicken population in Niger. A total of 554 chickens (156 males and 398 females) were sampled in the four (4) agro-ecological zones of the country. A complete description by direct observation, individual weighing and body measurements were performed on the entire sample. The results of the study showed an important diversity of plumage colours in the populations studied. Out of the thirteen (13) plumages stains observed, the most common are red (13.5%), pebbles (12.1%), white (11.9%), golden partridge (11.2%) and the fawn (10.8%). Feather distribution was normal over most of the sample (96.6%). The main tarsal colours observed were white, grey and yellow with respectively 45.1%, 39.0% and 15.3%. The eye colourings were mainly orange (55.1%), yellow (31%) and red (12.1%). A normal ridge was observed on 99.5% of individuals while 80% had a red barbillon. From body measurements, it appeared that only the thoracic perimeter remains decisive in the prediction of individual live weight. The average weight obtained over the whole treated sample was 1141.24g. An ANOVA with sex as a source of variation showed that the roosters had an average weight of 1484.24g much higher than that of hens whose average was 1266.64g. This study only concerned the descriptive part of the local chicken of Niger. Other aspects such as productivity remains to be elucidated to better discover the performance of the local chicken of Niger.