Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curbing the Challenges in Recent Treatment Guideline for Early Management of Individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Recommendation for Therapeutic Hypothermia

Background: There has been little prognosis in improving function after a complete spinal lesion. The viewpoint that little can be done to improve motor function after complete SCI seems conceptually and scientifically part of the past. With advance in medicine, better neurological outcome is long expected. Objectives: The purpose of this review is to explore the challenges in recent treatment guidelines’ for early management of patient with TSCI and to draw recommendation for Therapeutic hypothermia. Review Article Ede et al.; ARRB, 35(11): 1-32, 2020; Article no.ARRB. 61506 2 Methods: We conducted a scoping study review comprising 28 studies (2010 to 2020) to identify and examine the research literature related to challenges’ in recent treatment guidelines’ for early management of patient with TSCI. Findings: 28 studies were reviewed. Most cited challenges were surgical timing (26%), followed by controversy on the application of MPS (28.6%). In each of the studies, various challenges of acute stage interventions were outline with poor common standards and recommendations for clinical practices. Surgical decompression (16 papers) was the most cited intervention. Generally, result showed that despite the progress that has been made in the acute management of patients with SCI, neurological outcomes have not improved significantly in recent decades. Conclusion: Key early interventions are increasingly being recognized; combined Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative care are probably more effective and they inspire current and future research. We concluded that an evidence based guidelines for TH would help reduce the doom experience around complete SCIs. Thus there is a need to better define the beneficial effect of TH on the injured SCI.
On the Validity of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)

This study exposes the meaning and role of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and lays out the key elements that make it work. It shows the model’s theoretical strength and examines its applicability and validity as a technical tool to measure the expected return to the investment in stock, along with assessing the market risk associated with that investment.
Effect of material position on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded dissimilar austenite–ferrite stainless steels joints

Abstract The friction stir welding of 304 austenitic stainless steel and 430 ferritic stainless steel was performed by placing 304 plate on advancing side and retreating side of the tool, respectively. The results indicated that when the 304 plate was placed on advancing side, the weld metal showed superior flow characteristics and better material mixing compared to the weld when the 304 plate was placed on retreating side. The stir zone showed different characteristics including banded structure, subgrains and fine composite structure of austenite and ferrite because of dynamic recrystallization. The strain rate in austenitic stainless steel had a major effect on grain refinement and plastic deformation. The mechanical properties tests indicated that grain refinement combined with substructure and boundary martensite increased hardness and tensile strength when placing 304 plate on advancing side. The voids in stir zone resulted in a significant decrease in strength and elongation when placing 304 plate on retreating side. Overall, placing austenitic stainless steel on advancing side is more suitable for friction stir welded dissimilar austenite–ferrite stainless steels.
Initiation of the Western Pacific Warm Pool at the Middle Miocene Climate Transition?

Across the middle Miocene, Earth's climate underwent a major cooling and expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet. However, the associated response and development of the tropical climate system is not fully understood, in part because this is influenced by both global climate and also low‐latitude tectonic gateways and paleoceanography. Here we use combined δ18O and Mg/Ca of planktic foraminifera to reconstruct the thermal history and changes in hydrology from the Indo‐Pacific region from 16.5 to 11.5 Ma. During the warmth of the early middle Miocene, our records indicate a dynamic ocean‐atmosphere system in the Indo‐Pacific region, with episodes of saltier and warmer tropical surface waters associated with high pCO2 and retreat of the Antarctic ice sheet. We show that across the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT) surface ocean temperatures in the Indo‐Pacific cooled by ~2°C, synchronous with the advance of the Antarctic ice sheet. The associated cooling in the Southern Ocean appears to have started earlier and was stronger. Further, we show that western Pacific Ocean warmed and eastern tropical Indian Ocean freshened following the MMCT, likely caused by the constriction of the Indonesian Seaway and reduced connectivity between the Pacific and Indian Oceans following Antarctic glaciation. The MMCT therefore represented a key phase in the evolution of the West Pacific Warm Pool and associated tropical climate dynamics.
Solving puzzles in the Canadian housing market: foreign ownership and de-coupling in Toronto and Vancouver

Abstract Using new data from the Canadian Housing Statistics Program (CHSP), this paper provides a basis for an integrated account of the Canadian housing market in the last two decades. It shows how the housing markets in Vancouver and, to a lesser extent, Toronto have become de-coupled from local incomes due to significant flows of foreign capital. Once this dynamic is appreciated, certain puzzling elements of the Canadian market become intelligible. The analysis points to possible policy solutions to intense housing affordability challenges. It also provides evidence of widespread tax avoidance in certain urban areas. Furthermore, it documents a methodology that researchers in other national contexts, who may lack government generated data on non-resident or foreign ownership, may adopt to infer the presence of de-coupling through foreign ownership.
Extent of Integration of Information and Communication Technologies in Classroom Instruction in Nepad E-Schools, Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which teachers integrate ICTs in classroom teaching and learning in NEPAD e-Schools, Kenya.Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive survey design and collected quantitative and qualitative data using mixed methods. The target population were 256 teachers. Sampling was done employing a mixture of techniques; stratified sampling to pick 5 schools, and purposive sampling to pick 110 teachers. Data were collected using questionnaire, resources checklist and observation. Data were coded, and run for descriptive analysis; including frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendency and measures of variability using SPSS version 22.0. Data were then presented aided by notes, frequency tables, percentages, charts and figures. Findings: Schools had functional, but unreliable electricity, and had altered ICTs to different degrees and directions; some had either been replaced or totally lost. The schools faced maintenance challenges; impeding ICTs integration in instruction. More teachers infrequently, or rarely integrated ICTs than those who did so regularly. The mean frequency of ICTs integration was once a month. Computers and word processing were teachers’ most preferred ICT tools. Teachers mainly used ICTs to illustrate main ideas during lessons. Subject content mostly determined choice and use of instructional ICTs. Most teachers found ICTs integration being generally easy, had above average proficiency in integrating ICTs, and could apply their technological, pedagogical and content knowledge well. The study concludes that teachers are alienated from integrating ICTs frequently owing to their location. Therefore, there is need to designate more places for teachers to be unimpeded from accessing and integrating ICTs.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study lends insights to other instructional ICTs initiatives to reminisce and study as they initiate or expand their projects; like provision and sustenance of infrastructure, tools, and support services. It also contributes to the body of knowledge in educational technology, which might inform theory and practice in ICTs integration. It could also inform the development of best practices in application and integration of ICTs in instruction.
Escherichia Coli -induced Inflammation Changes the Expression of Acetylcholine Receptors (M2R, M3R, and α-7 nAChR) in the Pig Uterus

Abstract Introduction The influence of inflammation on the patterns of muscarinic 2 and 3 receptor subtypes (M2R and M3R), and α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7 nAChR) expression in the porcine uterus was investigated. Material and Methods On day three of the oestrous cycle of gilts aged 7–8 months with body weight 90–120 kg, either an E. coli suspension (E. coli group, n = 5) or saline (Sal group, n = 5) was administered into the uterine horns via laparotomy or only laparotomy was performed on control swine (Ctrl group, n = 5). After eight days, and the onset of severe acute endometritis in the E. coli group, the uterine mRNA and protein receptor expression levels were determined using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, with receptor localisation by immunofluorescence. Results The studied receptors were in the luminal epithelium, glands, blood vessels, and myometrial muscle cells of all gilts. The M2R mRNA level was lower in the inflamed endometrium compared to the Ctrl and Sal groups. Also in this tissue, the expression of M3R mRNA and protein was lower than in the Ctrl and Sal groups. The M3R protein level in the bacterially challenged myometrium was found to be increased compared to unadministered groups. In the endometrium of the E. coli group, the α-7 nAChR protein level was lower than in the Sal group, and in the myometrium it was reduced in relation to both the other groups. P values were ≤ 0.05 in all cases. Conclusion Inflammation causes alterations in the M2R, M3R, and α-7 nAChR expression in the pig uterus, suggesting their significance in the course and repercussions of uterine inflammation.
Evaluation of Antifungal and Antioxidant Effects of Qutran (Wood Tar) from Olea europaea Subsp. Cuspidate

Qutran oil (Olea europaea) extracted as medicinal plants extracted has a great activity against four fungistrains. Aspergillus (flavus, fumigatus, niger) and Candida albicans throughout using agar well diffusion in our investgation. Results showed that, tar oilhas antifungal effects against studied strains. Inhibition growth rate was from 16.33 to 46.00 mm. and also has positive activities against investagated organisms more than traditional antibiotics either amphoteracin B or Nystatin. A. fumigatus was mainly susceptible fungi followed by A. niger while A. flavus has the most resistant fungi with inhibition zone (16.33 mm). Wood tar oil, Olea europaea, given a high DPPH radical scavenging activity 79.10% compared to ascorbic acid.
Influence of altitudinal variation on the total phenolic and flavonoid content of Acacia and Ziziphus honey

ABSTRACT Polyphenols are recognized as significant phytochemicals responsible for the health-promoting properties of honey. Their levels and chemical diversity in honey are mainly dependent on the floral and geographical origin of the honey. In this study, we investigated the influence of altitudinal variation on the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of Acacia and Ziziphus honey collected from the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Samples were collected at four altitudes (113, 317, 511, and 576 meters above sea level). The monofloral origin of the honey was confirmed and characterized by melisopalynological analysis. The Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods were applied for the determination of TPC and TFC, respectively. Results showed that the TPC and TFC values were significantly different between Acacia and Ziziphus honey collected at the same altitudes, and both types exhibited high levels of phenolic compounds. There was a significant positive correlation between altitude and both TPC and TFC in Acacia honey. In contrast, a significant negative correlation was found between altitude and both TPC and TFC in Ziziphus honey. We concluded that altitude significantly influenced the TPC and TFC of honey and that the effects may differ based on floral origin. Further investigation is required to develop a deeper understanding of the relationship between altitude and the content of polyphenols in honey.
MUC4 mutation correlates with tumor mutation burden and the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer

Background: Immunotherapy is a new strategy for Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) may act as an emerging biomarker for predicting responses to immunotherapy. Nevertheless, no studies investigate if these gene mutations correlate to TMB and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Methods: Somatic mutation data for CRC samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) datasets. Then, we investigated the relationship between these mutant genes, TMB and overall survival outcomes. GSEA analysis was performed to explore the underlying mechanism of mutant gene. Finally, we further verified the connection between gene mutations and immune response.Results: We identified 17 common mutant genes shared by both two cohorts. Further analysis found that MUC4 mutation was strongly related to higher TMB and predicted a poorer prognosis. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis of samples with MUC4 mutation revealed that they were involved in regulating the natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity signaling pathway. Significant changes in the proportion of the immune cells of CD8 T cells, activated NK cells, M1 macrophages and resting memory CD4 T cells were observed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Conclusions: Our research revealed that MUC4 mutation significantly correlated with increased TMB, a worse prognosis and modulating the immune microenvironment, which may be considered a biomarker to predict the outcome of the immune response in colorectal cancer.
Conceptualizing the Impact of Dust-Contaminated Infrared Radiances on Data Assimilation for Numerical Weather Prediction

Numerical weather prediction systems depend on Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder (HIS) data, yet the impacts of dust-contaminated HIS radiances on weather forecasts has not been quantified. To determine the impact of dust aerosol on HIS radiance assimilation, we use a modified radiance assimilation system employing a one-dimensional variational assimilation system (1DVAR) developed under the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Numerical Weather Prediction–Satellite Application Facility (NWP-SAF) project, which uses the Radiative Transfer for TOVS (RTTOV). Dust aerosol impacts on analyzed temperature and moisture fields are quantified using synthetic HIS observations from rawinsonde, Micropulse Lidar Network (MPLNET), and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). Specifically, a unit dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) contamination at 550 nm can introduce larger than 2.4 and 8.6 K peak biases in analyzed temperature and dewpoint, respectively, over our test domain. We hypothesize that aerosol observations, or even possibly forecasts from aerosol predication models, may be used operationally to mitigate dust induced temperature and moisture analysis biases through forward radiative transfer modeling.
Urban property as security: examining the intersections between Africa’s growing middle classes and urban transformations

ABSTRACT African middle classes are growing in numbers and purchasing power. They form a significant share of urban populations and command a majority of urban resources. This paper examines the spatial practices of Africa’s new urban-based middle classes and the implications for urban transformations. The focus is on households in the lower end of the spectrum, which form the majority of and account for most of the remarkable growth of Africa’s middle classes. The paper draws attention to the middle classes as significant actors in the local housing systems, informal land markets and incremental construction practices commonly associated with the urban poor. Property investments are crucial for understanding how moderately resourceful households strive to achieve the kind of long-term security and upwards social mobility commonly associated with the middle classes. Through their investments, the middle classes shape informal urban expansion processes, co-finance settlement upgrading and produce socially diverse neighborhoods.
Synergistic Effects of Sonolysis Combined with Ozonolysis for the Oxidation of Azobenzene and Methyl Orange

Most advanced oxidation processes (AOP) readily decolorize but are unable to mineralize aqueous azo dye solutions. The extent of mineralizationmeasured as total organic carbon (TOC) lossesduring the 500-kHz sonication of azobenzene or methyl orange solutions increases from 20% to more than 80% in the presence of O3. The abatement of the total organic load by the joint action of ultrasound and O3 amounts to chemical synergism. Since TOC losses are not enhanced by ozonation followed by sonication and ground-state O atomsthat are produced by sonochemical O3 thermolysisare relatively unreactive, synergism likely involves the fast oxidation by ozone of free radical or unsaturated species generated by •OH radical attack on otherwise refractory products. Some of these products probably are saturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, known to be resistant to O3 oxidation. Nitrobenzene and benzoquinone, two rather persistent byproducts of sonolysis, are rapidly and completely mineralized by the combined oxidation trea.
Factors influencing secondary bile acid formation in man: with reference to colonic carcinogenesis

Dietary factors are considered important environmental risk determinants for colorectal cancer development. From epidemiological observations a high fat intake is associated positively and a high fibre intake negatively with colorectal cancer. One mechanism by which these effects are possibly exerted is through bile acid metabolism. Secondary bile acids are formed after enzymatic deconjugation and dehydroxylation of the primary bile acids in the large bowel by anaero­ bic bacteria. It has been shown that these secondary bile acids can have tumour promoting capacities. They are co-mutagenic and have shown co-carcinogenic properties in animal studies. Furthermore, secondary bile acids can enhance colonic epithelial proliferation. In populations and patients at high risk for deve­ loping colorectal cancer higher faecal concentrations and colonic absorption of secondary bile acids can be found. The formation of secondary bile acids increa­ ses with advancing age. Dietary fat increases and dietary fibre reduces the con­ centration of bile acids in the large bowel. Inhibition of secondary bile acid for­ mation can be achieved by acidification of colonic contents. In colorectal carcinogenesis, environmental factors such as dietary habits influence genetic susceptibility. Secondary bile acids could play a promoting role in this process.
Prevalence and incidence of intra- and extrahepatic complications of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The association of NAFLD with T2DM is bidirectional. In fact, evidence suggests that abdominal obesity, T2DM and metabolic syndrome play a part in the development and progression of NAFLD. Alternatively, NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of having T2DM and metabolic syndrome. According to this background, it is unsurprising that patients with T2DM patients also have a higher prevalence of NAFLD than those with no T2DM, as well as an increased risk of developing liver-related and extrahepatic complications, mainly cardiovascular and renal diseases. Seeing the relationship of NAFLD with insulin resistance, obesity and T2DM, recent consensus proposes a change in nomenclature from NAFLD to metabolic associated fatty liver disease. In this review, we will discuss the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD (as detected by imaging techniques or liver biopsy) in patients with type T2DM with particular regard to hepatic and extrahepatic complications.
Perception as an Intermediary in the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status, Expectations, and Participation

Family participation is needed in education. The level of parental participation for the success of their children in early childhood education still relatively low. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status, expectations, and participation through parental perceptions in education in North Banjarmasin. This research is classified as descriptive correlational quantitative, with 148 research samples taken from 234 parents. Data were taken using a questionnaire and analyzed descriptively linear regression and path analysis. The results of the study concluded that there is a direct relationship between Socioeconomic Status, Expectations, Perceptions, and Parental Participation; there is an indirect relationship between socioeconomic status and parental participation through perception; there is an indirect relationship between expectations and participation through perception. It is recommended that parents, teachers, and early childhood education unit heads establish communication and socialization so the growing perception that will increase parental participation in education.
The Hijrah Communities and Religious Superficiality: Ideology and Religiosity of the Islamic Hijrah Communities on Social Media

The Hijrah communities in Indonesia are a complex and paradoxical phenomenon. These communities can be identified by how its members express religious attitudes on social media, especially Facebook. This position on social media affects the members’ religious and ideological merits in the Hijrah communities. This research applied a netnographic approach concerned with understanding how Hijrah community Facebook groups express their religiosity in texts, status, and images. The data sources were the members of Hijrah community Facebook groups in Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach with a netnographic design, this research succeeded in discovering a new hypothesis that ‘Facebook is one of the authoritative sources as well as Instagram, Twitter, WhatsApp, and offline meetings in improving religious knowledge by the Hijrah communities. ’ This social media presence encouraged religious superficiality. In terms of ideology, the Hijrah communities showed ideological hybridity. In this case, exposed from various societies and streams received from populist Islamic scholarly authorities, religious attitudes virtually agreed upon by Hijrah communities were mixed.