Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 3 Greater resistance to psychophysical stress in p66 adult mice, a model of delayed aging

Evidence is mounting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced because of stressful challenges could interfere with the proper functioning of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in greater vulnerability to aging and neurodegeneration. Here we tested the hypothesis that p66 mice, characterized by high resistance to oxidative stress and delayed aging, might be less susceptible to the effects of different stressful procedures involving an increase in ROS such as restraint stress or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Although adrenocortical reactivity in response to restraint stress or LPS did not differ as a function of the genotype, a hyperdrive of the HPA axis was revealed following treatment with a synthetic glucocorticoid agonist. When measuring changes in hippocampal oxidative status following LPS, only wild-type (WT) subjects showed increased levels of F2-isoprostanes, an index of lipid peroxidation. At the same time, the neurotrophin brainderived-neurotrophic factor was selectively increased in WT subjects, while levels of prostaglandin E 2 were reduced in the mutants. Overall, the greater resilience to stressinduced changes in the p66 mutants might underlie the better health status and the greater longevity characterizing these mice.
Reduced SMAD 2 / 3 activation independently predicts increased depth of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is rising. Whilst the majority are cured surgically, aggressive metastatic cSCC carry a poor prognosis. Inactivating mutations in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptors have been identified amongst genetic drivers of sporadic tumours and murine models of cSCC, suggesting a tumour suppressor function for TGF-β in normal skin. However, paradoxically, TGF-β acts as a tumour promoter in some murine model systems. Few studies have analysed the role of TGF-β/activin signalling in human normal skin, hyper-proliferative skin disorders and cSCC. Antibodies recognising phosphoSMAD proteins which are activated during canonical TGF-β/activin signalling were validated for use in immunohistochemistry. A tissue microarray comprising FFPE lesional and perilesional tissue from human primary invasive cSCC (n=238), cSCC in-situ (n=2) and keratocanthoma (n=9) were analysed in comparison with tissues from normal human scalp (n=10). Phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3 were detected in normal interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes and were also highly localised to inner root sheath, matrix cells and Keratin 15 positive cells. Lesional cSCC tissue had significantly reduced activated SMAD2/3 compared to perilesional tissue, consistent with a tumour suppressor role for SMAD2/3 activators in cSCC. Increased cSCC tumour thickness inversely correlated with the presence of phospho-SMADs in tumour tissue suggesting that a reduction in canonical TGF-β/activin signalling may be associated with disease progression. www.impactjournals. com/oncotarget/ Oncotarget, 2018, Vol. 9, (No. 18), pp: 14552-14566
Influencing a Partner to Use a Condom: A College Student Perspective.

Little is known about the influence strategies that young heterosexual adults use to persuade a new sexual partner to use or avoid the use of condoms. College students’ (N = 393) opinions about and experiences with six condom power strategies were examined. Overall, students gender-typed the strategies as “feminine” when the goal was to persuade a partner to use condoms and as “masculine” when trying to avoid condom use. Effectiveness and comfort ratings of the strategies varied both by students’ gender and the particular tactic being evaluated. Gender differences also emerged in students‘ actual experiences with the strategies. When trying to encourage condom use, men utilized seduction most often; whereas, withholding sex was the most popular tactic used by women. For avoiding condom use, men were more likely than women to employ seduction, reward, and information. lrnplications for understanding the impact of gender and social influence in the domain of condom use are discussed.
On the equation-of-motion versus in-in approach in cosmological perturbation theory

In this paper, we study several issues in the linear equation-of-motion (EoM) and in-in approaches of computing the two-point correlation functions in multi-field inflation. We prove the equivalence between this EoM approach and the first-principle in-in formalism. We check this equivalence using several explicit examples, including cases with scale-invariant corrections and scale-dependent features. Motivated by the explicit proof, we show that the usual procedures in these approaches can be extended and applied to some interesting model categories beyond what has been studied in the literature so far. These include the density perturbations with strong couplings and correlated multi-field initial states.
Bioactivity and Physicochemical Properties of Three Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: An In Vitro Study

Objective This study evaluated the bioactivity and physicochemical properties of three commercial calcium silicate-based endodontic materials (MTA, EndoSequence Root Repair Material putty, and Biodentine™). Material and Methods. Horizontal sections of 3 mm thickness from 18 root canals of human teeth were subjected to biomechanical preparation with WaveOne Gold large rotary instruments. The twelve specimens were filled with three tested materials (MM-MTA, EndoSequence Root Repair Material putty, and Biodentine™) and immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for 7 and 30 days. After this period of time, each specimen of each material was processed for morphological observation, surface precipitates, and interfacial dentin using SEM. In addition, the surface morphology of the set materials, without soaking in phosphate-buffered solution after one day and after 28 days stored in phosphate-buffered saline, was evaluated using SEM; also, the pH of the soaking water and the amount of calcium ions released from the test materials were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy test. Data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference test with a significance level of 5%. Result The formation of precipitates was observed on the surfaces of all materials at 1 week and increased substantially over time. Interfacial layers in some areas of the dentin-cement interface were found from one week of immersion. All the analyzed materials showed alkaline pH and capacity to release calcium ions; however, the concentrations of released calcium ions were significantly more in Biodentine and ESRRM putty than MM-MTA (P < 0.05). ESRRM putty maintained a pH of around 11 after 28 days. Conclusion Compared with MM-MTA, Biodentine and ESRRM putty showed significantly more calcium ion release. However, exposure of three tested cements to phosphate-buffered solution resulted in precipitation of apatite crystalline structures over both cement and dentin that increased over time. This suggests that the tested materials are bioactive.
Hydride Platelet Reorientation in Zircaloy Studied with Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction

Hydrogen ingress into zirconium alloy fuel cladding in light water reactors can degrade clad- ding performance as a result of the formation of brittle hydrides. In service, hydrides normally precipitate in the circumferential direction and are homogeneously distributed through the cladding thickness in ideal cases. However, temperature and stress gradients in the cladding can promote hydrogen redistribution. This hydrogen redistribution is responsible for the formation of hydride rims, dissolution, and reorientation of hydride precipitates and for the formation of brittle hydrides at stress concentration locations, all of which can reduce cladding resistance to failure. Thus, it is crucial to understand the kinetics of hydride dissolution and precipitation under load and at temperature. Studies of hydrogen behavior in zirconium alloys are normally performed post facto, which causes them to suffer both from a scarcity of data points and from the confounding effects of studying hydrides at room temperature that might be dissolved at higher tempera- ture. In the current study, we have used synchrotron radiation diffraction to study the kinetics of hydride precipitation and dissolution in situ under load and at temperature. Samples of hydrided Zircaloy-4 were examined in transmission by using 80 keV synchrotron radiation while undergoing heating and cooling in a furnace. Temperatures ranged from 20 to 550°C, and loads from 75 to 100 MPa were applied. The hydrides dissolved and reprecipitated in a different orientation when sufficiently high loads were applied. Through careful study of the intensities and full-width half maxima of the diffraction peaks as a function of time, load, and temperature, it was possible to identify the characteristic diffraction patterns for the reoriented hydrides so that the kinetics of dissolution, reprecipitation, and orientation of the hydrides could be followed. The analysis of the diffraction patterns allowed a detailed understanding of the kinetics of hydride evolution under temperature and stress, as presented in this work.
Effects of Dietary Protein on Restrict-Fed Broiler Breeder Pullets During a Coccidial Challenge 1

In each of two experiments with young, feed-restricted broiler breeder pullets, the effects of differences in dietary protein intake on intestinal development and growth were studied. All pullets were restrict-fed either a 15 or 19% CP diet to see whether differences in dietary protein would influence intestinal growth in the face of controlled exposure to coccidiosis. In each experiment, pullets were vaccinated with one of three dilutions of Coccivac (control, 1X, 4X), each level representing a different proportion of the manufacturers’ suggested dosage level. Experiment 1 was conducted in battery cages with wire floors, and no infection was established, most likely because of a lack of oocyst recycling. The pullets that were restrict-fed the 19% CP diet had a sig(
On the Use of Two-Way Fixed Effects Regression Models for Causal Inference with Panel Data

Abstract The two-way linear fixed effects regression (2FE) has become a default method for estimating causal effects from panel data. Many applied researchers use the 2FE estimator to adjust for unobserved unit-specific and time-specific confounders at the same time. Unfortunately, we demonstrate that the ability of the 2FE model to simultaneously adjust for these two types of unobserved confounders critically relies upon the assumption of linear additive effects. Another common justification for the use of the 2FE estimator is based on its equivalence to the difference-in-differences estimator under the simplest setting with two groups and two time periods. We show that this equivalence does not hold under more general settings commonly encountered in applied research. Instead, we prove that the multi-period difference-in-differences estimator is equivalent to the weighted 2FE estimator with some observations having negative weights. These analytical results imply that in contrast to the popular belief, the 2FE estimator does not represent a design-based, nonparametric estimation strategy for causal inference. Instead, its validity fundamentally rests on the modeling assumptions.
Bank loan components, uncertainty and monetary transmission mechanism

We study the dynamic characteristics of bank loan components and seek to resolve the puzzle raised by den Haan et al. (2007) that commercial and industrial loans increase following monetary contraction. By estimating a set of structural vector autoregression models on US data for 1954-2015, we demonstrate that when risk and balance sheet factors are controlled for, business loans decrease after monetary tightening, what is consistent with bank-lending channel of monetary policy transmission mechanism. This result is robust to VAR specification and to the measure of uncertainty employed. We distinguish between volatility measures of uncertainty and measures of uncertainty as vagueness/”unknownness” of economic outlook and show that business loans go down following uncertainty shock only after the latter uncertainty measure is used. We demonstrate that controlling for risk factors is critical for explaining the dynamic properties of business loans, as variance of business loans is driven by innovations to uncertainty and credit risk to the greater extent than by innovations to macroeconomic variables.
The Role of Community-based Organizations in Addressing Social Equity among Deprived Sections in the Conflict Vulnerable Areas in Karnataka, India

Aim: This study assessed the social equity situations in conflict vulnerable areas, and examined the role of 40 community-based organizations (CBOs) spread across the four sub-regions in Karnataka targeting societal change towards social equity. Study Design: The study employed the survey research design with a sample of 420 beneficiaries of CBO-implemented programs and focus group discussion the officials of each of the CBOs. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Karnataka, India and data gathering was conducted from July 2019 to September 2019 Methodology: Data for the study were obtained through the use of survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using chisquare test were done in analysing the data. Original Research Article Augusty and Dizon; ARJASS, 11(1): 24-41, 2020; Article no.ARJASS. 56850 25 Results: The primary role of CBOs, based on evidence from their vision and mission, is to bridge the social equity gap between marginalized and vulnerable communities and the mainstream society through program initiatives and education. These programs were mainly on skills training, child rights protection, and with other major concerns enveloped as social justice and fairness operationalized through access to livelihood, access to education, participation in the political and cultural life, access to self-determination, and peace building community. Besides the preventive roles played by CBOs, they also provide rehabilitation for the exploited and abused in society. Conclusion: The CBOs in consultation with relevant government agencies, should organize programs in unifying the cultural and religious diversities, widen the scope of their educational programs, and provide the beneficiaries with specialized educational programs along with their skills training to qualify them to bid for contracts in government and non-governmental organizations since there are still visible evidence of social inequalities despite the extensive implementation and awareness education provided thus far.
SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY IN INORGANIC AND METAL-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Zinc complexes of the formulae ZnX2L nH2O [X = Cl or Br, n = 2, X = I, n = 1, L = L, 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene; X = Cl, Br or I, n = 0, L = L, 1,3-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene] and Zn(L)2(ClO4)2 2H2O (L = L and L) were obtained by the reactions of zinc halides/perchlorate with N-heterocycles in ethanol. The complexes have been characterized based on elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, IR, H and C NMR spectral studies and thermal analysis. *Correspondence: N. M. Nanje Gowda, Department of Studies in Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Bangalore 560 001, India; Fax: +91-80221-1679; E-mail: nmngbng@yahoo.co.in.
Vortex Structures in the Wake of an Idealized Seamount in Rotating, Stratified Flow

We present the results of a 3‐D computational model of an idealized seamount in rotating, stratified flow. The emergent vortex structures in the lee of the seamount indicate that the vertical coherence of vortices is strongly dependent on the Coriolis parameter and the background buoyancy frequency. A novel finding from this work is that above a critical Burger number the vortex shedding frequency varies vertically with the local seamount diameter and adjusts such that the Strouhal number based on the local seamount diameter is consistent with high Reynolds number flow past a circular cylinder. This study extends previous literature into a regime exhibiting stronger stratification and rotation, where the transition into vertically decoupled eddies occurs. Physically, this transition is associated with the loss of geostrophy in the eddies. The mechanisms governing the transition to vertically decoupled vortices may play an important role in the energetics of a seamount interacting with a barotropic flow.
Extramucosal Pancreaticojejunostomy : Early Outcomes of an Easy Technique for a Challenging Stage of Pancreaticoduodenectomy

DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018. 6.10. 61 Abstract: Pancreatojejunostomy anastomosis is the most clinically important step of pancreaticoduodenectomy procedures. In this study we present the outcomes of an easy technique for patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with extra mucosal pancreatojejunostomy were evaluated retrospectively. Patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy or emergency surgery, who were operated for reasons unrelated to cancer, and whose pancreatojejunostomy anastomosis were done using techniques other than the extramucosal technique were excluded from the study. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) operative risk score, body mass index (BMI), comorbid diseases, histopathological diagnosis, operative time, and intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, and postoperative morbidity and mortality. The 17 patients operated with extra mucosal pancreatojejunostomy technique were included in the study. Nine of the patients were male, 8 were female and the mean age was 68.2±13.1 (range 36-85) years. Mean BMI was 25.3±2.7 kg/m 2 (range 22-30). Mean operative time was 281.1±54.2 minutes. Mean length of hospital stay was 16.4±7.3 (range 7-37) days and mean follow-up time was 15.7±4.3 months. Six patients (35%) developed postoperative complications. Three (18%) developed postoperative pancreatic fistula, 2 of which were classified as ISGPF grade A and the other as grade C. Postoperative mortality rate was 6% (n=1). Overall, the 1-year survival rate was 59%. The extra mucosal pancreatojejunostomy anastomosis technique can be safely and successfully used in pancreaticoduodenectomy procedures as a standard method independent of pancreatic tissue and duct features.
Comparative Study of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom Grown on Modified PAN Nanofiber Mats

Pleurotus ostreatus is a well-known edible mushroom species which shows fast growth. The fungus can be used for medical, nutritional, filter, or packaging purposes. In this study, cultivation experiments were carried out with Pleurotus ostreatus growing on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats in the presence of saccharose and Lutrol F68. The aim of this study was to find out whether modified PAN nanofiber mats are well suited for the growth of fungal mycelium, to increase growth rates and to affect mycelium fiber morphologies. Our results show that Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium grows on nanofiber mats in different morphologies, depending on the specific substrate, and can be used to produce a composite from fungal mycelium and nanofiber mats for biomedical and biotechnological applications.
Evidence on the Trade-Off between Managerial Motives for Cost Stickiness and Income Smoothing

This study investigates the relationship between cost stickiness and income smoothing. Both arise as a result of managerial discretion. However, an asymmetrical reaction of costs to changes in activity levels counteracts the ambition to report smooth earnings. Hence, we expect these two managerial phenomena to be negatively associated. More precisely, we assume that managers trade off incentives for engaging in income smoothing against personal motives inducing cost stickiness. Applying both a cross-sectional model and a firm-specific measure of cost stickiness, we find evidence for a negative relationship considering both directions of causality. We further separate the discretionary component from our aggregate income smoothing measure and show that the negative relation is primarily driven by opportunistic, garbling managerial behavior. Our results corroborate the important role that managerial discretion plays in financial accounting as well as cost behavior.
Rethinking women's sexual orientation: An interdisciplinary, relationship-focused approach

leads some women to form romantic and sexual relationships with men, and other women to form intimate relationships with women? This article presents a new conceptual paradigm for understanding women's sexual orientation that is emerging from research in such diverse fields as social psychology, sex research, evolutionary psychology, attachment theory, and neuroscience. This approach acknowledges the potential plasticity of women's sexuality and the emphasis that women place on close relationships as a context for sexuality. Research also raises the possibility that for women the biological determinants of sexual desire, attraction, and attachment are not inherently linked to a partner's gender. This article begins with a brief survey of research on women's same-sex romantic and sexual relationships not only in the United States today but also in other cultures and historical periods. These and other findings are used to critique prevailing conceptual models of women's sexual orientation. Finally, key elements in an alternative paradigm are described.
Effect of cutting variables on bearing area curve parameters (BAC-P) during hard turning process

Hard turning is amachining process that is widely used in the precisionmechanical industry. The characterization of the functional surface texture by the ISO 13565 standard holds a key role in automotive mechanics. Until now, the impact of cutting conditions during hard turning operation on the bearing area curve parameters has not been studied (ISO 13565). The three parameters Rpk , Rk and Rvk illustrate the ability of the surface texture to resist friction. In this work, the main objective is to study the impact of cutting conditions (Vc, f and ap) of the hard turning on three parameters of the bearing area curve. The statistical study based on response surface methodology (RSM), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and quadratic regression were performed to model the three output parameters and optimize the input parameters. The experimental design used in this study is the Taguchi L25 orthogonal array. The results obtained show that the cutting speed has a greater effect on the bearing ratio curve (Rpk , Rk and Rvk ) parameters with a percentage contribution of 37.68%, 37.65% and 36.91%, respectively. The second significant parameter is the feed rate and the other parameter is significant only in relation to Rpk and Rk parameters.