Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMOTION AND MORALIZATION 1 Moralization Through Moral Shock: Exploring Emotional Antecedents to Moral Conviction

The current research tested whether exposure to disgusting images increases moral conviction and whether this happens in the presence of incidental disgust cues versus disgust cues relevant to the target of moralization. Across two studies we exposed participants to one of four sets of disgusting versus control images to test the moralization of abortion attitudes: pictures of aborted fetuses, animal abuse, non-harm related disgusting images, harm related disgusting images, or neutral pictures, at either subor supraliminal levels of awareness. Moral conviction about abortion increased (compared to control) only for participants exposed to abortion related images at speeds slow enough to allow conscious awareness. Study 2 replicated this finding, and found that the relationship between attitudinally relevant disgust and moral conviction was mediated by disgust, and not anger or harm appraisals. Findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for intuitionist theories of morality and moral theories that emphasize harm.
Assessment of medium‐range ensemble forecasts of heat waves

This study assesses the predictability of heat wave occurrence over Korea applying The Observing system Research and Predictability Experiment Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) data for the Heat Wave Index (HWI) associated with large‐scale circulation. HWI shows higher predictability of heat waves than those of maximum temperature (TMAX) and bias corrected TMAX. The verification scores using HWI are compared to other cases of forecasts. It is concluded that the proposed HWI can be useful for heat wave forecasting, which may reduce the health impacts from heat waves through appropriate and timely mitigation efforts.
Detection of ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ (pear decline agent) in pear trees by different diagnostic procedures in the seasonal course

The influence of three nucleic acid-based detection procedures and two sample sizes on the detection rate of ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ (pear decline agent) was studied in a factorial trial with three pear cultivar/root-stock combinations in the course of the year. Shoot samples were taken approximately every month over a period of 17 months from naturally infected trees. Nested PCR (nPCR), real-time LAMP (rtLAMP) and to a lesser extent real-time PCR (rtPCR) were used as detection methods. Sample sizes comprised two subsample sets consisting of three and two shoot pieces, respectively, (five in total) per tree. The detection level was highly dependent on the tested cultivar. The level was high for breeding code ‘48– 40–95’ (81.4%) but low for cvs. ‘Conference’ (26.2%) and ‘Xenia’ (19.2%), whose replicate trees partly failed to be tested positive for longer periods resulting in overall low detection rates. Nested PCR and rtLAMP showed no significant detection rate differences in the sum of all cultivars, but rtPCR resulted in significantly higher detection rates compared to the other detection procedures. By analysing both subsample sets instead of only one per tree, the detection rates were improved in most cases with an overall increase of 29.4% considering the methods and cultivars. Detection rates varied depending on the method and the cultivar in the course of the year, but most of the trees were tested positive in the period from late winter to early spring, except for ‘48–40–95’, where the pathogen could be detected almost all year round. Comparing the impact for the factors investigated on the detection rate, the cultivar/rootstock combination was the greatest, followed by the method and sample size, both showing a similar effect.
WELL-BEING AND DISPOSITIONAL OPTIMISM IN UGANDA AND SWEDEN:

Uganda ́s well-being ranks among the worst in the world, while Sweden ́s well-being ranks among the best. This thesis investigates if there is a difference in well-being and dispositional optimism in Uganda and Sweden. The neurobiology underlying well-being and optimism is also examined. The neural correlations of well-being and optimism are connected to areas in the limbic system and cerebral cortex. Prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex are two curial regions involved in both well-being and optimism. Amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and thalamus are central areas for hedonic well-being, dispositional optimism, and optimism bias. In this thesis 284 Ugandans and 256 Swedes completed a questionnaire based survey. Greater hedonic well-being was found among Swedes, whereas greater eudiamonic wellbeing was found among Ugandans. Swedes reported greater global life satisfaction than Ugandans, but Ugandans expressed higher satisfaction with their current lives compared with Swedes. In relation to dispositional optimism, Ugandans were found to be both more optimistic and more pessimistic than Swedes. This unexpected dispositional optimism pattern is discussed and future research directions are proposed.
Nonlinear Bragg scattering of surface waves over a two-dimensional periodic structure

Abstract Bragg scattering of nonlinear surface waves over a wavy bottom is studied using two-dimensional fully nonlinear numerical wave tanks (NWTs). In particular, we consider cases of high nonlinearity which lead to complex wave generation and transformations, hence possible multiple Bragg resonances. The performance of the NWTs is well verified by benchmarking experiments. Classic Bragg resonances associated with second-order triad interactions among two surface (linear incident and reflected waves) and one bottom wave components (class I), and third-order quartet interactions among three surface (linear incident and reflected waves, and second-order reflected/transmitted waves) and one bottom wave components (class III) are observed. In addition, class I Bragg resonance occurring for the second-order (rather than linear) transmitted waves, and Bragg resonance arising from quintet interactions among three surface and two bottom wave components, are newly captured. The latter is denoted class IV Bragg resonance which magnifies bottom nonlinearity. It is also found that wave reflection and transmission at class III Bragg resonance have a quadratic rather than a linear relation with the bottom slope if the bottom size increases to a certain level. The surface wave and bottom nonlinearities are found to play opposite roles in shifting the Bragg resonance conditions. Finally, the results indicate that Bragg resonances are responsible for the phenomena of beating and parasitic beating, leading to a significantly large local free surface motion in front of the depth transition.
Contribution of wildfire emissions to air quality in Europe

Wildfire particulate matter in Europe during summer 2003: meso-scale modeling of smoke emissions, transport and radiative effects A. Hodzic, S. Madronich, B. Bohn, S. Massie, L. Menut, and C. Wiedinmyer National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder CO, USA Forschungszentrum Juelich, ICG Institut II: Troposphere, 52425 Juelich, Germany Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France Received: 14 March 2007 – Accepted: 26 March 2007 – Published: 5 April 2007 Correspondence to: A. Hodzic (alma@ucar.edu)
Building an Avionics Laboratory for Cybersecurity Testing

Aviation cybersecurity has received significant attention in the academic literature over the past decade, as software-defined radios have enabled practical wireless attacks on unauthenticated communication technologies. Typically, however, both attacks and countermeasures have only been examined in theoretical and simulated settings. Our Avionics Security Lab seeks to plug this gap by building a laboratory containing avionics built with certified, real-world aircraft hardware. In this paper, we describe the Avionics Security Lab, our design goals and a first evaluation of the targeted threat vectors. We show that the first modules of the lab can successfully be used to realistically attack and analyze critical air traffic control and radar technologies such as ADS-B, TCAS and GPS. We further discuss the lessons that were learned in designing and assembling the lab. More modules with satellite telephony, CPDLC and electronic flightbags are currently being integrated and further extensions are planned. The Avionics Security Lab is open for use and collaboration with other researchers.
That’s So Instagrammable! Understanding How Environments Generate Indirect Advertising by Cueing Consumer-Generated Content

Abstract This article explores how firms, through characteristics of physical environments, can inspire consumers to engage in creating and posting environment-cued indirect advertising, or what is commonly known as “Instagramming. ” The first study is used to qualitatively understand what makes an environment “Instagrammable” from the designer perspective. Emergent themes are used to inform a second study, a quantitative analysis of 43,004 instances of indirect advertising gathered by scraping Instagram postings from 97 environments in four prominent pop culture museums. After manually sorting the data, both artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled computer vision and manual coding are used to quantify multiple environment characteristics. Analysis reveals how different environment characteristics affect the creation of indirect advertising. Environments that use more interactive props, color, and brightness are associated with greater indirect advertising. Except in limited cases, most design themes have no effects—or negative effects—on indirect advertising. This article also contributes to the emerging literature on computer vision by showcasing how AI can offer insight for better understanding shared digital content.
Spectral reflectance variations of aubrites, metal‐rich meteorites, and sulfides: Implications for exploration of (16) Psyche and other “spectrally featureless” asteroids

The 350–2500 nm reflectance spectra of five enstatite achondrites (aubrites), five metal‐rich chondrites (CBa, CBb, CH/CBb, and ungrouped), and seven sulfide mineral samples (three troilites, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, a mixture of pentlandite and chalcopyrite, and oldhamite) have been measured to search for spectral parameters that may offer insight into the surface composition of so‐called “spectrally featureless” asteroids. Spectral data were acquired from powders, slabs, and hand samples. Aubrites exhibit high reflectance, generally positive slopes at visible wavelengths, and low‐to‐negative infrared slopes, consistent with E‐/Xe‐type asteroids. The metal‐rich chondrites exhibit low reflectance, moderate visible slopes, and low near‐infrared slopes, somewhat consistent with M−/X‐complex asteroids. The metal‐rich chondrites exhibit absorption features at ~900 nm arising from Fe2+‐bearing silicates. Sulfides exhibit low to moderate reflectance and high visible and near‐infrared slope, intermediate to the T‐ and L‐type asteroids. The D‐type asteroids, which have high visible and near‐infrared slopes, are not well‐matched by sulfides. Spectral data of the largest M−/X‐type asteroid, (16) Psyche, are consistent with both powder from the Isheyevo CH/CBb chondrite and powder of meteoritic troilite. The data presented here will support interpretation of data returned from future spacecraft missions to “spectrally featureless” asteroids, like the Psyche, Lucy, and DART/Hera missions.
Turbulence modeling in shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions

The research performed was an experimental program to help develop turbulence models for shock wave boundary layer interactions. The measurements were taken in a Mach 3, 16 deg compression corner interaction, at a unit Reynolds number of 63 x 10(exp 6)/m. The data consisted of heat transfer data taken upstream and downstream of the interaction, hot wire measurements of the instantaneous temperature and velocity fluctuations to verify the Strong Reynolds Analogy, and single- and double-pulsed Rayleigh scattering images to study the development of the instantaneous shock/turbulence interaction.
Refinement of Parallel Algorithms down to LLVM

We present a stepwise refinement approach to develop verified parallel algorithms, down to efficient LLVM code. The resulting algorithms’ performance is competitive with their counterparts implemented in C/C++. Our approach is backwards compatible with the Isabelle Refinement Framework, such that existing sequential formalizations can easily be adapted or re-used. As case study, we verify a parallel quicksort algorithm, and show that it performs on par with its C++ implementation, and is competitive to state-of-the-art parallel sorting algorithms.
A Coupled Reconfiguration Mechanism for Single-Stranded DNA Strand Displacement Systems

DNA Strand Displacement (DSD) systems model basic reaction rules, such as toehold-mediated strand displacement and 4-way branch migration, that modify complexes of bound DNA strands. DSD systems have been widely used to design and reason about the correctness of molecular programs, including implementations of logic circuits, neural networks, and Chemical Reaction Networks. Such implementations employ a valuable toolkit of mechanisms – sequences of basic reaction rules – that achieve catalysis, reduce errors (e.g., due to leak), or simulate simple computational units such as logic gates, both in solution and on surfaces. Expanding the DSD toolkit of DSD mechanisms can lead to new and better ways of programming with DNA. Here we introduce a new mechanism, which we call controlled reconfiguration . We describe one example where two single-stranded DSD complexes interact, changing the bonds in both complexes in a way that would not be possible for each independently on its own via the basic reaction rules allowed by the model. We use coupled reconfiguration to refer to instances of controlled reconfiguration in which two reactants change each other in this way. We note that our DSD model disallows pseudoknots and that properties of our coupled reconfiguration construction rely on this restriction of the model. A key feature of our coupled reconfiguration example, which distinguishes it from mechanisms (such as 3-way strand displacement or 4-way branch migration) that are typically used to implement molecular programs, is that the reactants are single-stranded. Leveraging this feature, we show how to use coupled reconfiguration to implement Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs), with a DSD system that has both single-stranded signals (which represent the species of the CRN) and single-stranded fuels (which drive the CRN reactions). Our implementation also has other desirable properties; for example it is capable of implementing reversible CRNs and uses just two distinct toeholds. We discuss drawbacks of our implementation, particularly the reliance on pseudoknot-freeness for correctness, and suggest directions for future research that can provide further insight on the capabilities and limitations of controlled reconfiguration.
Hate and Offensive Speech Detection in Hindi Twitter Corpus

Nowadays, social media sites like Twitter and Facebook emerge as user-friendly and accessible sources for people to express their voice. Everybody, irrespective of their age group, uses these sites to share every moment of their life, making these sites flooded with data. This has led to many positive outcomes. At the same time, it has brought risks and harms as these sites set no restrictions. The volume of hate speech is not manageable by humans. As part of the HASOC-2021 shared task on information retrieval, we, Team Ignite, address the problem of hate speech identification in the Hindi corpus. Subtask A aims to identify binary hate or non-hate speech. This work was further extended with subtask B to determine the result of subtask A into three categories: profane, offensive, and hate. Hence, this paper compares the performance of three feature engineering techniques and four machine learning algorithms to evaluate their performance on a publicly available dataset with two distinct classes. With these two classes of hate and non-hate, we create a baseline model and improve model performance scores using various optimization techniques. Moreover, the output of different comparisons can be used further for text classification techniques.
Hatespeech and Offensive Content Detection in Hindi Language using C-BiGRU

In this paper, we present our submission from the team CAROLL_Passau for subtask 1A of the HASOC 2021 workshop. Our presented model, C-BiGRU, is composed of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) together with a bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). We utilized word embeddings to allow our model to apprehend the correlation between words in the text. The structure of our model enables it to capture the contextual information along with the long-term dependencies in the text in order to perform binary classification on offensive text. We evaluated our model on the test data provided by the HASOC organizers. Our model achieved a macro F1 score of 75.04%, accuracy of 77.48%, precision and recall with the scores of 74.63% and 75.60% respectively.
Compensatory mutations reducing the fitness cost of plasmid carriage occur in plant rhizosphere communities

Plasmids drive bacterial evolutionary innovation by transferring ecologically important functions between lineages, but acquiring a plasmid often comes at a fitness cost to the host cell. Compensatory mutations, which ameliorate the cost of plasmid carriage, promote plasmid maintenance in simplified laboratory media across diverse plasmid-host associations. Whether such compensatory evolution can occur in more complex communities inhabiting natural environmental niches where evolutionary paths may be more constrained is, however, unclear. Here we show a substantial fitness cost of carrying the large conjugative plasmid pQBR103 in Pseudomonas fluorescens in the plant rhizosphere. This plasmid fitness cost could be ameliorated by compensatory mutations affecting the chromosomal global regulatory system gacA/gacS, which arose rapidly in plant rhizosphere communities and were exclusive to plasmid carriers. These findings expand our understanding of the importance of compensatory evolution in plasmid dynamics beyond simplified lab media. Compensatory mutations contribute to plasmid survival in bacterial populations living within complex microbial communities in their natural environmental niche.
Understanding and improving belief propagation

The research reported in this thesis focuses on approximation techniques for inference in graphical models. Approximate inference can be dTefined as the task of calculating approximations for certain probabilities in large, complexprobabilistic models, such as Bayesian networks, Markov random fields or Ising spin systems (which are all special cases of graphical models). We have focussed on graphical models with variables that have a finite number of possible values. Calculating these probabilities is simple in principle, but computationally hard in practice, because it requires a summation over an exponential number of terms. However, the practical relevance is enormous: application areas include genetic linkage analysis, medical diagnosis, expert systems, error correcting codes, speech recognition, computer vision and many more. Because the probabilities that one is interested in cannot always be calculated exactly (given a limited amount of computation time), one often uses approximate methods, which use less computation time but only give an approximation of the quantities of interest. In this thesis, we have tried to better understand and improve upon Belief Propagation (BP), a popular approximate inference method that performs surprisingly well on many problems. It is also known as 'Loopy Belief Propagation', the 'Sum-Product Algorithm' and the 'Bethe-Peierls approximation'. BP yields exact results if the underlying graphical model has no loops. In general, the BP results are approximate but can be surprisingly accurate. However, if variables become highly dependent, the error made by BP can become significant. In some cases, BP does not even converge anymore. Our results have contributed to a better understanding of these issues. In addition, we introduced a method that improves the accuracy of BP by taking into account the influence of loops in the graphical model. Finally, we proposed a method to calculate exact bounds on marginal probabilities, which was inspired by BP
Recombinant Human ACE2-Fc : A promising therapy for SARS-CoV2 infection

SARS-CoV2 entry is mediated by binding of viral spike-protein(S) to the transmembrane Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) of the host cell. Thus, to prevent transmission of disease, strategies to abrogate the interaction are important. However, ACE2 cannot be blocked since its normal function is to convert the Angiotensin II peptide to Angiotensin(1-7) to reduce hypertension. This work reports a recombinant cell line secreting soluble ACE2-ectopic domain (MFcS2), modified to increase binding and production efficacy and fused to human immunoglobulin-Fc. While maintaining its enzymatic activity, the molecule trapped and neutralized SARS CoV2 virus in vitro with an IC50 of 64 nM. In vivo, with no pathology in the vital organs, it inhibited the viral load in lungs in SARS-CoV2 infected Golden-Syrian-hamster. The Intravenous pharmacokinetic profiling of MFcS2 in hamster at a dose of 5 mg/Kg presented a maximum serum concentration of 23.45 µg/mL with a half-life of 29.5 hrs. These results suggest that MFcS2 could be used as an effective decoy based therapeutic strategy to treat COVID19. This work also reports usage of a novel oral-cancer cell line as in vitro model of SARS-Cov2 infection, validated by over expressing viral-defence pathways upon RNA-seq analysis and over-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS upon growth in hyperglycaemic condition.
Frame of analysis

In this chapter, we shall explain the way in which the data were analysed. A frame of analysis, such as the one used here, is not a theory which is meant to excel by the depth of its insights or by its explanatory power. Rather, it is an instrument designed for a specific purpose, and to serve this purpose, it should be simple, clear and handy. Moreover, it is allowed to ignore many of the subtleties and complications which a satisfactory theory of temporality and its expression in natural language eventually has to account for. On the other hand, it must not be at variance with such a theory. A frame of analysis, if it is to be more than a temporary crutch, should also be flexible in the sense that it can easily be enlarged, refined and made more precise, whenever there is need to. The frame of analysis presented here is the outcome of several earlier attempts and considerable practical experience. In many respects, it is an elaboration of ideas sketched in Perdue (1984, chapter 7.4), which in turn are based on a number of previous empirical studies of temporality in second language acquisition, notably Klein (1981) and von Stutterheim (1986). During subsequent work, empirical findings have led to many changes, even compared to the project's final report (Bhardwaj, Dietrich and Noyau 1988), although most of these changes do not so very much concern our basic assumptions as terminology and presentation.