Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS AND ADRENALINE INFILTRATION DURING

the extradural dosage kept as low as possible. Our results show that rostral extradural spread of morphine is dependent not only on the injection volume, but also on the size of the extradural space. It would be interesting to consider instances of respiratory depression in relation to the size and age of the patient.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University The world predictive power of U.S. equity market skewness risk The world predictive power of U.S. equity market skewness risk

This study investigates the cross-country impact of U.S. equity market skewness risk. We ﬁnd that a large decrease in the U.S. market skewness signiﬁcantly predicts higher future returns on international equity markets. The predictability remains signiﬁcant after con- trolling for a set of U.S. and local forecasting variables. Furthermore, we ﬁnd strong predictability in- an out-of-sample setting and the predictability delivers a large economic value. The U.S. market skewness also forecasts U.S. economic recessions and international market conditions, consistent with the international three-moment capital asset pricing model (three-moment CAPM) and the intertemporal capital asset pricing model (ICAPM). addition, they show that the predictive relationship between conditional market skewness and future equity market excess returns should be negative. In this study, we focus on the cross-country predictive power of U.S. equity market skewness risk on the international market excess returns. Our research empirically supports the theoretical models that incorporate conditional U.S. market skewness risk, such as the three-moment CAPM and the intertemporal capital asset pricing model (ICAPM), in an international setting. Our study contributes to the literature in two major dimensions. First, we provide new evidence on the time series forecasting power of equity market skewness risk. While many studies examine the role of skewness in asset pricing models, most focus on explaining the cross-sectional variation of expected returns (e.g. Xing et al., 2010; Bali and Murray, 2013; Chang et al., 2013; Conrad et al., 2013). As Cochrane (2008) emphasizes
UNIFORM STABILIZATION OF BOUSSINESQ SYSTEMS IN CRITICAL L q -BASED SOBOLEV AND BESOV SPACES BY FINITE DIMENSIONAL INTERIOR LOCALIZED FEEDBACK CONTROLS

We consider the d-dimensional Boussinesq system deﬁned on a suﬃciently smooth bounded domain, with homogeneous boundary conditions, and subject to external sources, assumed to cause instability. The initial conditions for both ﬂuid and heat equations are taken of low regularity. We then seek to uniformly stabilize such Boussinesq system in the vicinity of an unstable equilibrium pair, in the critical setting of correspondingly low regularity spaces, by means of explicitly constructed, feedback controls, which are localized on an arbitrarily small interior subdomain. In addition, they will be minimal in number, and of reduced dimension: more precisely, they will be of dimension ( d − 1) for the ﬂuid component and of dimension 1 for the heat component. The resulting space of well-posedness and stabilization is a suitable, tight Besov space for the ﬂuid velocity component (close to L 3 (Ω) for d = 3) and the space L q (Ω) for the thermal component, q > d . Thus, this paper may be viewed as an extension of [63], where the same interior localized uniform stabilization outcome was achieved by use of ﬁnite dimensional feedback controls for the Navier-Stokes equations, in the same Besov setting. Abstract Nonlinear Translated Model. First, for 1 < q < ∞ ﬁxed, the Stokes operator A q in L qσ
DEFINING THE BOUNDARIES AND AREA OF THE SAMARKAND RESERVOIR CATCHMENT BASED ON DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS

In this study, the potential applicability of the Geographical Information System (GIS)-based approach in the catchment delineation and monitoring of hydraulic structures for a case of Samarkand reservoir in the Karaganda region of the Republic of Kazakhstan is presented. Different GIS tools were applied along with different datasets from different sources and resolutions to investigate their effects on catchment delineation and monitoring of hydraulic structures. The first step was to retrieve Digital Elev-en Model (DEM) for the case study catchment. However, with the fact that the catchment is among the largest catchments in Central Asia, eight different pieces of DEMs had to be collected and then mosaiced to form one DEM for the entire catchment. Then the catchment was delineated to define its boundaries and stream networks using ArcHydro tools in ArcGIS software. To produce high-quality maps, the study tested DEMs from various open-source, commercial and open-source software. Based on the results of the study, the most suitable DEMs with a resolution of 10 m per pixel and covering the entire potential territory of the study catchment were downloaded from the OpenTopography website. DEM processing made it possible to obtain a fairly accurate outline of the catchment boundaries in vector format, as well as maps of surface runoff and elevations in raster format. The total area and length of the catchment boundaries were 228777 km 2 and 1118 km, respectively. As the study continues, the maps obtained will be used to develop a hydrological model and an improved approach to dam design and monitoring in river basins subjected to urbanization. The approach proposed in the study can be improved by using DEMs with a resolution below 10 m.
MicroRNA expression during bacterial infections in zebrafish

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in controlling mRNA stability and translation. Several miRNAs have been implicated in development and function of the immune system and their aberrant expression has been linked to pathogenesis of human diseases. Recently, zebrafish infection models have been developed to study the vertebrate immune system. Signaling pathways of the immune response were found to be conserved between human and zebrafish, but the interaction between miRNAs and the zebrafish immune system has not yet been addressed. Here, we used a custom-designed microarray platform to evaluate miRNA expression in zebrafish infection models. By infection studies with two pathogens, Mycobacterium marinum and Salmonella typhimurium , mod-eling human tuberculosis and salmonellosis, respectively, we identified a set of common infection-responsive miRNAs, including members of the miR-21, miR-146 and miR-181 families, previously linked to immunity and cancer in human and mammalian models. The context of innate immunity was sufficient for the infection response of these miRNAs, as their differential expression occurred not only in adult fish but also in embryos prior to development of adaptive immunity. We also determined that predicted target genes of the strongly infection-inducible miR-146 family are conserved between human and zebrafish. These include key signaling intermediates of the TLR pathway that is pivotal for pathogen recognition and activation of the innate immune response, suggesting a miR-146-mediated feed back mechanism to properly control the inflammatory response. Together, our results uncovered overlap in human and zebrafish immune-related miRNAs as well as miRNA target genes, indicating the usefulness of zebrafish infection models to increase our knowledge of miRNA functions in the vertebrate immune system.
Complementary investigation of SEM and AFM on the morphology of sputtered aluminum thin films

—This article reports on the evolution of surface characteristics with the temperature for aluminum thin films sputtered on mild steel substrates. The films were sputtered at a constant sputtering power of 200 W and at different temperatures of the substrate; 40 o C, 60 o C, 80 o C and 100 o C. Surface microstructures were observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the results complemented by the atomic force microscope (AFM) observations. It was shown that FESEM features such as porosity, clusters and morphology can be revealed via the AFM imaging. Further analyses using AFM were then used to describe the morphology and evolution of the films at different substrate temperatures. The surface features were further related to the nanoindentation properties of the films.
Rhinovirus and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults

sequencing of rRNA genes [6]. The high percentage of identity in the rRNA loci 5.8S–28S (94%), 18S–28S (93%), and 28S (95%) confirmed the identification of P. inflatipes. For all isolates, MICs of amphotericin B determined by the E-test (AB Biodisk) were 0.064 mg/mL. Of the 6 species belonging to the new genus Phaeoacremonium proposed by Crous et al. [7], 3 are associated with infection in humans: P. inflatipes, Phaeoacremonium parasiticum, and Phaeoacremoniumrubrigenum. These 3 species were previously recognized as Phialophora parasitica. Previously reported human infections caused by P. parasitica or Phaeoacremonium species included subcutaneous abscess, arthritis, infected cysts, and disseminated infections, mostly in immunocompromised patients [7–9]. Our patient had severe aplastic anemia and EBV infection–associated hemophagocytosis syndrome, and he developed invasive P. inflatipes infection (proven by positive results of cultures of blood and bone marrow) during the neutropenic stage. The patient’s condition failed to respond to amphotericin B therapy, which was active against the isolate in vitro [10]. Previous studies have indicated that patients with severe aplastic anemia are at high risk of infection, probably because of profound neutropenia. Torres et al. [1] further demonstrated the high mortality (83%) associated with invasive mold infection (all due to Aspergillus species) in patients with aplastic anemia; the fatal cases were in patients with prolonged and severe neutropenia. Without bone marrow recovery, the prognosis for invasive fungal infections was grave. In summary, we report a fatal case of P. inflatipes fungemia in a child with severe aplastic anemia. P. inflatipes should be included as an etiologic agent of invasive fungal infection in neutropenic patients with severe aplastic anemia.
Long-term CO 2 fertilization increases vegetation productivity and has little effect on hydrological partitioning in tropical rainforests Biogeosciences

Understanding how tropical rainforests respond to elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration (eCO 2 ) is essential for predicting Earth ’ s carbon, water, and energy budgets under future climate change. Here we use long-term (1982 – 2010) precipitation ( P ) and runoff ( Q ) measurements to infer runoff coef ﬁ cient ( Q / P ) and evapotranspiration ( E ) trends across 18 unimpaired tropical rainforest catchments. We complement that analysis by using satellite observations coupled with ecosystem process modeling (using both “ top-down ” and “ bottom-up ” perspectives) to examine trends in carbon uptake and relate that to the observed changes in Q / P and E . Our results show there have been only minor changes in the satellite-observed canopy leaf area over 1982 – 2010, suggesting that eCO 2 has not increased vegetation leaf area in tropical rainforests and therefore any plant response to eCO 2 occurs at the leaf level. Meanwhile, observed Q / P and E also remained relatively constant in the 18 catchments, implying an unchanged hydrological partitioning and thus approximately conserved transpiration under eCO 2 . For the same period, using a top-down model based on gas exchange theory, we predict increases in plant assimilation ( A ) and light use ef ﬁ ciency ( ε ) at the leaf level under eCO 2 , the magnitude of which is essentially that of eCO 2 (i.e., ~12% over 1982 – 2010). Simulations from 10 state-of-the-art bottom-up ecosystem models over the same catchments also show that the direct effect of eCO 2 is to mostly increase A and ε with little impact on E . Our ﬁ ndings add to the current limited pool of knowledge regarding the long-term eCO 2 impacts in tropical rainforests. observations, in combination with top-down and bottom-up ecosystem modeling. Our results indicate that over the last three decades (i.e., 1982 – 2010), increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration have not led to increases in canopy leaf area nor decreases in plant transpiration, suggesting an unchanged regime of hydrological partitioning in the bioclimatic zone. The only ecosystem response to eCO 2 was found to be the increased leaf-level assimilation rate and light use ef ﬁ ciency, which are of a similar magnitude of the rise in CO 2 . Our ﬁ ndings here add to the
Comparative Rhetoric of the Discourse Structure of News Stories between News Articles Published in Thailand and in the U.S.A.

This article presents the results of a study which was conducted to investigate the differences in discourse structure between English news stories published in Thailand and those published in the U.S.A. Three news articles from The Bangkok Post , The Nation , and The New York Times were analyzed. The news discourse structure model proposed by Bell (1996) was employed to conduct this analysis. The results of the study revealed that there are significant differences between news articles reported by different news agencies. The New York Times presents many more events than The Bangkok Post and The Nation when reporting the same story. In addition, source attribution and news actor are presented differently by each news agency.
A model identification approach to quantify whole-body vertical vibrations 1 impact on limb compliant dynamics and walking stability

71 Extensive research is ongoing in the field of orthoses/exoskeleton design for efficient lower 72 limbs assistance. However, despite wearable devices reported to improve lower limb 73 mobility, their structural impacts on whole-body vertical dynamics have not been 74 investigated. This study introduced a model identification approach and frequency domain 75 analysis to quantify the impacts of orthosis-generated vibrations on limb stability and 76 contractile dynamics. Experiments were recorded in the motion capture lab using 11 77 unimpaired subjects by wearing an adjustable ankle – foot orthosis (AFO). The lower limb 78 musculoskeletal structure was identified as spring-mass (SM) and spring-mass-damper 79 (SMD) based compliant models using the whole-body centre-of-mass acceleration data. 80 Furthermore, Nyquist and Bode methods were implemented to quantify stabilities resulting 81 from vertical impacts. Our results illustrated a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in lower limb 82 contractile properties by wearing AFO compared with a normal walk. Also, stability margins 83 quantified by wearing AFO illustrated a significant variance in terms of gain-margins (p < 84 0.05) for both loading and unloading phases whereas phase-margins decreased (p < 0.05) 85 only for the respective unloading phases. The methods introduced here provide evidence that 86 wearable orthoses significantly affect lower limb vertical dynamics and should be considered 87 when evaluating orthosis/prosthesis/exoskeleton effectiveness.
Corneal stromal cell plasticity: in vitro regulation of cell phenotype through cell-cell interactions in a 3D model

In this study, we provide evidence that cell-cell signalling is the most eminent cue to regulate stromal cell phenotype in a 3D model. In addition, we have demonstrated our ability in vitro to control the plasticity of keratocytes from an undifferentiated to a mature phenotype and reversal in 3D culture. Media supplementation with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF- β 1) can supersede epithelial-stromal crosstalk causing co-cultured stromal cells that are keratogenic in lineage to become re-activated and revert to an injury sub-type. Likewise, we have shown that it is possible to inhibit the keratocyte differentiation of co-cultured cells via the blocking of epithelial cells’ activities by use of wortmannin.
Psychopathology in Down Syndrome Psychopathology in Down Syndrome

The main aim of this section is to provide clinicians with a guide to the prevalence of psy- chopathologies, associated factors, and their treatment in children with Down syndrome (DS). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioral disorders, depression, and autism are more common in DS than the normal population. However, the incidence of psychopathology is generally lower in DS than in other diseases that cause mental retardation. While writing this chapter, approximately 200 articles in electronic databases were scanned using the keywords “Down Syndrome and Psychopathology,” “Down Syndrome and Mood Disorder,” “Down Syndrome and Autism,” “Down Syndrome and Anxiety,” “Down Syndrome and Catatonia,” and “Down Syndrome and Behavioral Disorder. ” Psychopathologies in DS will be presented in eight subtitles beginning with the most often diagnosed. It is important to perform psychological evaluations of patients with DS during routine follow-ups. Comorbid diseases (obstructive sleep apnea, cardiac pathologies, etc.) should be taken into account when choosing drugs.
Unique Characteristics, Biometric Measurements, Management and Performance Parameters of Balochi Sheep

This study was conducted to assess the characteristics, management practices, production systems and performance parameters of Balochi sheep in the Pakistan province of Balochistan. The Balochi breed is highly adapted to the harsh agro-climatic conditions of Balochistan. Data for Balochi sheep (n=7049) from fifteen different villages in three districts (Kalat, Mastung, Quetta) of Balochistan were collected regarding feeding, management practices, health practices and productive performance through proforma and individual perceptions. Body weights and other biometric measurements were recorded for rams and ewes from the three districts and from the Multi -Purpose Sheep Research Station Yetabad, Loralai (MSRSYL). The Balochi breed is a distinctive sheep with unique characteristics. They display a white body with a black, brown or spotted muzzle and legs. They have a firm medium-sized body, intermediate ears, Roman nose, pendulous belly, commonly polled and with a fat tail. Balochi sheep were found mostly in Kalat and in part of the Quetta division, and also thinly populated throughout the rest of the Balochistan province. Sexual dimorphism was evident for several traits, for example, it had a significant effect (p<0.05) on body weight, body length, heart girth and wither height, whilst tail length did not vary significantly between the sexes (p>0.05). Balochi sheep husbandry is favored in the region because of its adaptability, great survival rate and growth performance, however the returns from sheep production are marginal and low cost production is still a challenge.
Stand Out in Class: Restructuring the classroom environment to reduce sitting time 1 (cid:150) findings from a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

27 Background: Excessive sedentary behaviour (sitting) is a risk factor for poor health in 28 children and adults. Incorporating sit-stand desks in the classroom environment has been 29 highlighted as a potential strategy to reduce children(cid:146)s sitting time. The primary aim of this 30 study was to examine the feasibility of conducting a cluster randomised controlled trial 31 (RCT) of a sit-stand desk intervention within primary school classrooms. 32 Methods: We conducted a two-armed pilot cluster RCT involving 8 primary schools in 33 Bradford, United Kingdom. Schools were randomised on a 1:1 basis to the intervention or 34 usual practice control arm. All children (aged 9-10 years) in participating classes were 35 eligible to take part. Six sit-stand desks replaced three standard desks (sitting 6 children) 36 in the intervention classrooms for 4.5-months. Teachers were encouraged to use a rotation 37 system to ensure all pupils were exposed to the sit-stand desks for >1 hour/day on 38 average. Trial feasibility outcomes (assessed using quantitative and qualitative measures) 39 included school and participant recruitment and attrition, intervention and outcome 40 measure completion rates, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of the intervention 41 for reducing sitting time. A weighted linear regression model compared changes in 42 weekday sitting time (assessed using the activPAL accelerometer) between trial arms. 43 Results: School and child recruitment rates were 33% (n=8) and 75% (n=176). At follow- 44 up, retention rates were 100% for schools and 97% for children. Outcome measure 45 completion rates ranged from 63(cid:150)97%. A preliminary estimate of intervention effectiveness 46 revealed a mean difference in change in sitting of -30.6 minutes/day (95% CI: -56.42 to - 47 4.84) in favour of the intervention group, after adjusting for baseline sitting and wear time. 48 Qualitative measures revealed the intervention and evaluation procedures were 49 acceptable to teachers and children, except for some problems with activPAL attachment. 50 Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the acceptability and feasibility of a sit-stand 51 desk intervention and evaluation methods. Preliminary evidence suggests the intervention
Effect of Shale Content on Sand Reservoir Quality: Case Study of Chad Basin, Nigeria

: An investigation was carried out on the shale content in sand reservoirs in parts of Chad Basin, Nigeria. This was successfully delineated by estimating the Gamma ray index in a given stratigraphic unit and utilizing the computed value to evaluate the shale volume and porosities of the area. The sand units within the four stratigraphic zones of the basin were evaluated. The depths of high gamma ray counts correspond to high gamma ray index and shale volume. The evaluated shale volumes in the reservoirs were moderate to low and do not vary linearly with depth or well location. The differences in value could have resulted from different depositional processes and faulted areas, which is capable of causing pinch out in the reservoir. The reservoirs in the northeastern wells were observed to be relatively thicker than those in the west and hence it can be inferred that the direction of deposition of sands is east west. However, the reservoirs in the south central contain more shale and will therefore have poor petrophysical properties than the reservoirs in the north east with lower shale volume. The estimated shale volumes, reservoir thickness and porosities in all the wells, however, support hydrocarbon potential in the basin. The net-to-gross sand thickness shows similar consistency in the thickness trend for all the wells.