Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Reply to "Comments on the Gravity Wave Theory of J. Weinstock Concerning Dissipation Induced by Nonlinear Effects"

The goal of Weinstock (1976a, hereafter W76) was to treat analytically a spectrum of nonlinearly interacting atmospheric gravity waves. Specifically, W76 considered the strong-interaction case in which the fluid velocities exhibit a somewhat chaotic and practically unpredictable character; such motions have been referred to as nonlinear complexity (Lorenz 1969). The statistical renormalizations employed in W76 are one method that has been used to tackle strong nonlinearity. In his note, Hines (2002a, hereafter H02) has commented on the treatment of waves in that 1976 paper, and coincidentally, its subsequent use for the parameterization of gravity wave drag by Medvedev and Klaassen (1995, hereafter MK95). We are grateful for the attention given to those papers and for the opportunity to explain our views. In what follows, we show that H02’s claim of a “demonstrable mathematical error” in W76 rests on his misinterpretation of the behavior of the velocity and temperature coefficients of W76, vK and TK, respectively, and on a deficient conception of the role of the nonlinear advection terms in wave–wave interactions. We begin by outlining the asymptotic limits taken in W76 and present a new derivation that confirms the emergence of polarization relations in the presence of strong fluctuations. We shall address other key issues along the way, including H02’s time-lag arguments, Fig. 1 of MK95, the nature of diffusion in wave–wave interactions, as well as H02’s notion that W76 invoked “no instability whatever. ” The arguments presented in H02 were motivated by the work of Allen and Joseph (1989, hereafter AJ89), Hines (2001, hereafter H01), and Hines (2002b, hereafter H02b). These authors maintain that the spectral “tail” found at large vertical wavenumbers in Eulerian measurements of atmospheric wave is present even when the wave system is nondissipative in the Lagrangian frame. In sections 9 and 10, we argue that the generation of turbulent eddies and dissipation represent fundamental aspects of nonlinear wave–wave interactions that cannot be neglected. We refer to recent measurements by Sica (1999) and Sica and Russell (1999) in support of our views.
Relationships Between Indicators of Metabolic Disorders and Selected Concentrations of Bioelements and Lead in Serum and Bone Tissue in Aging Men

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between serum and bone concentrations of selected bioelements, ie, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chrome (Cr), magnesium (Mg), and selenium (Se), and a heavy metal, ie, lead (Pb), and the selected indicators of metabolic disorders - Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Material and Methods The study comprised 151 men aged 60 to 75 years who were scheduled for hip replacement surgery due to osteoarthritis. The concentrations of elements in the serum and bone tissue were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Mg, Zn, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Pb) and the spectrofluorometric method (Se). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density cholesterol (HDL-Ch), and triacylglycerols (TAG) were determined. Lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were calculated. Results There was no relationship between serum and bone concentrations of bioelements and lead and the BMI index. Bone Mg was significantly higher in men with higher VAI, but no such relation was observed in the serum. Similarly, bone Mg and Zn were higher in patients with higher LAP, which was not observed in the serum. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age was performed. There was a correlation between serum Zn concentration and the cut-off point for VAI. The cut-off point for LAP was related to the bone tissue concentrations of Mg, Zn, and Cu. Conclusion We found some relationships between the concentrations of selected bioelements and Pb and VAI, LAP, and BMI in bone but not in the serum. VAI positively correlated with bone Mg, while LAP positively correlated with bone Cu, Zn, and Mg.
How Are BMI, Nutrition, and Physical Exercise Related? An Application of Ordinal Logistic Regression

Background: This paper performs a detailed ordinal logistic regression study in an evaluation of a survey at a university in South Texas, USA. We show that, for categorical data in our case, ordinal logistic regression works well. Methods: The survey was designed according to the guidelines in diet and lifestyle from the American Heart Association and the United States Department of Agriculture and was sent out to all registered students at Texas A&M International University in Laredo, Texas. Data analysis included 601 students’ results from the survey. Data analysis was conducted in Rstudio. Results: The results showed that, compared with students who do not have enough whole grain food and exercise, those who have enough in both tend to have normal BMIs. As age increases, BMI tends to be out of the normal range. Conclusions: Because BMI in this research has three categories, applying an ordinal logistic regression model to describe the relationship between an ordered categorical response variable and more explanatory variables has several advantages compared with other models, such as the linear regression model.
Relationship between occupation and education with the choice of IUD contraception in Pauh District, Padang City, West Sumatra.

High population growth is a significant problem faced by the Indonesian people in the field of population. Efforts to create quality families are primarily targeted at controlled population growth and increasing the quality of small families, as indicated by the increased use of rational, effective, and efficient contraceptive methods, namely the use of Long-Term Contraceptive Methods (MKJP). Referring to the 2020-2024 BKKBN Strategic Plan, the BKKBN vision has been set: "Creating quality families and balanced population growth to support the achievement of an advanced Indonesia that is sovereign, independent, and has a personality based on mutual cooperation" (BKKBN, 2021). The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of education and occupation with the selection of IUD contraceptives in the work area of ​​Pauh Health Center. This research was a cross-sectional comparative. The populations in this research were all women of childbearing age (WUS), current family planning acceptors aged 15-49 years who used IUD and non-IUD contraception. The samples of this research were 49 IUD users and 149 non-IUD users. The instruments were a questionnaire. The bivariate analysis used Chi-Squere. The results the bivariate study found that there was a not significant relationship between occupation with the selection of IUD contraceptives (p = 0.251) and there was a significant relationship between education and the selection of IUD contraceptives (p = 0.001) This study concludes that there is no relationship between occupation with the choice of IUD contraceptives and there is a relationship between education and the choice of IUD contraceptives
Application of Mesopore-Activated Red Mud for Phosphorus Adsorption

In this paper, the mesopore-activated red mud (M-ARM) was prepared by treating red mud (RM) with acid under an ultrasonic batch and through heat treatment at 750 C. The surface area and adsorption average pore width of M-ARM were calculated and obtained values of 13.408 m2 g-1 and 25.160 nm, respectively. Therefore, the maximum adsorption capacity of M-ARM for phosphorus was 200.85 ± 1.66 mg g − 1 at 318 K and pH = 5 . At a low initial concentration (75 mg L-1), the phosphorus removal capacity by M-ARM material was up to 97.09 ± 0.15 % at 313 K. With the temperature scales varying from 298 to 313 K, the values of Gibbs free energy change ( Δ G ° ) were negative and also vary from -37.47 to -36.68. The phosphorus adsorption process in an aqueous solution is spontaneous, and this adsorption process was exothermic with enthalpy change ∆ H o = − 14.36 . From the results of investigations and calculations of thermodynamic values, kinetics, and adsorption capacity of materials, we can confirm that the materials in this study had a low-cost and potential material for applications to treat phosphorus-contaminated water. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of this material for phosphorus were also studied and discussed.
A Reference Bayesian Test for Nested Hypotheses and its Relationship to the Schwarz Criterion

Abstract To compute a Bayes factor for testing H 0: ψ = ψ0 in the presence of a nuisance parameter β, priors under the null and alternative hypotheses must be chosen. As in Bayesian estimation, an important problem has been to define automatic, or “reference,” methods for determining priors based only on the structure of the model. In this article we apply the heuristic device of taking the amount of information in the prior on ψ equal to the amount of information in a single observation. Then, after transforming β to be “null orthogonal” to ψ, we take the marginal priors on β to be equal under the null and alternative hypotheses. Doing so, and taking the prior on ψ to be Normal, we find that the log of the Bayes factor may be approximated by the Schwarz criterion with an error of order O p (n −½), rather than the usual error of order O p (1). This result suggests the Schwarz criterion should provide sensible approximate solutions to Bayesian testing problems, at least when the hypotheses are nested. When.
The Role of the Ward Health System in COVID-19 Pandemic Response in Nigeria: A Case Study of Edo State

Background: Preventive measures remain the hallmark of effective containment of epidemics such as the recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These measures are best applied using existing framework for healthcare delivery and epidemic response such as the ward health system (WHS). The structure of the WHS is interrelated to that of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system for effective surveillance and outbreak response in the community. This paper examines the established pattern in disease prevention and the role of the WHS system in COVID-19 pandemic response in Edo State, Nigeria. Discussion: Disease prevention seeks to avert the occurrence of disease, arrest its progress, and reduce its consequences once it is established. The various taskforce and committees that were formed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Edo State were not integrated with existing local government Epidemic Preparedness and Response committees and the Rapid Response Teams. They also had no links with the already established ward development and village development committees in the communities. Conclusion: There is an existing framework for disease prevention and control based on the WHS in Edo State, however, this system was not integrated into the COVID-19 pandemic response activities. Incorporating and strengthening partnerships with the existing WHS framework would be key for effective pandemic response in the future.
Low-Temperature Reduction Synthesis of γ–Fe2O3−x@biochar Catalysts and Their Combining with Peroxymonosulfate for Quinclorac Degradation

Biochar loading mixed–phase iron oxide shows great advantages as a promising catalyst owing to its eco–friendliness and low cost. Here, γ–Fe2O3−x@biochar (E/Fe–N–BC) composite was successfully prepared by the sol–gel method combined with low–temperature (280 °C) reduction. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) result indicated that γ–Fe2O3−x particles with the size of approximately 200 nm were well–dispersed on the surface of biochar. The CO derived from biomass pyrolysis is the main reducing component for the generation of Fe (II). The high content of Fe (II) contributed to the excellent catalytic performance of E/Fe–N–BC for quinclorac (QNC) degradation in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The removal efficiency of 10 mg/L of QNC was 100% within 30 min using 0.3 g/L γ–Fe2O3−x@biochar catalyst and 0.8 mM PMS. The radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that •OH and SO4•− were the main radicals during the degradation of QNC. The facile and easily mass–production of γ–Fe2O3−x@biochar with high catalytic activity make it a promising catalyst to activate PMS for the removal of organic pollutants.
An Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Carboxylated Graphene/SPCE for IgG-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Determination

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the importance and urgent need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for detecting and screening this infection. Our proposal was to develop a biosensor based on an ELISA immunoassay for monitoring antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in human serum samples. The nucleocapsid protein (N protein) from SARS-CoV-2 was employed as a specific receptor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G. N protein was immobilized on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with carboxylated graphene (CG). The percentage of IgG-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid present was quantified using a secondary antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (anti-IgG-HRP) catalyzed using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) mediator by chronoamperometry. A linear response was obtained in the range of 1:1000–1:200 v/v in phosphate buffer solution (PBS), and the detection limit calculated was 1:4947 v/v. The chronoamperometric method showed electrical signals directly proportional to antibody concentrations due to antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) specific and stable binding reaction.
Brevilin A Inhibits VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis through ROS-Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Brevilin A (BA), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Centipeda minima herb, has been identified to exhibit potent anticancer activity. However, the potential pharmacological effect and mechanism of BA in regulating endothelial cell (EC) angiogenesis, a key event in tumor growth, is poorly understood. In this study, BA was shown to significantly prevent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced EC angiogenic capacities in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Subsequent functional assays revealed that BA dose dependently inhibited VEGF-stimulated survival, proliferation, migration, and triggered apoptosis activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as suppressed the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, increased the expression of proapoptotic protein caspase-3 and Bax, and suppressed PI3K/AKT pathway. Meanwhile, BA was also able to depolarize mitochondrial membranal permeability (MMP), accelerate mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) in HUVECs. Furthermore, both mitochondria-specific superoxide scavenger Mito-TEMPOL and broad-spectrum antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) dramatically abolished BA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial ROS production, causing the reversion of PI3K/AKT pathway and repression of apoptosis, eventually correcting the impaired endothelial behavior in survival, growth, migration, and angiogenesis. Collectively, our data for the first time identified a new mechanism for antiangiogenic effect of BA in vascular EC, one that is based on the regulation of mitochondrial-dependent ROS overproduction.
Baseline heart rate in infants with prenatal alcohol exposure: A systematic review and independent analysis

Infants with fetal alcohol syndrome exhibit a range of developmental anomalies, many related to the heart (e.g., decreased heart rate variability). However, the baseline heart rate in this population remains unclear. We hypothesized that the age at which heart rate was measured or the age during exposure to alcohol affects the baseline heart rate.
Transient Development in Confluent and Diffluent Flow

Abstract Explaining the growth of disturbances superimposed on mean flows is a central problem in meteorology. Most widely studied models of the development process involve perturbations to shear flows with shear restricted to the meridional direction. Recently the importance of zonal variation of the mean flow was recognized and the study of shear flows extended to include zonal variation in shear. These studies found that the eigenfunctions associated with unstable modes in the simple shear problem are highly sensitive to zonal variation of the mean flow. However, there also exists another mechanism for development in a zonally inhomogeneous flow field: transient growth not associated with exponential instability. Properly configured perturbations exhibit transient growth in deformation fields associated with regions of confluence and diffluence at rates comparable to development in shear flow. In this work analytic solution of the linear initial value problem for the barotropic vorticity equation in de.
Preliminary study on the Effect of NPK (15-15-15) fertilizer and plastic mulch on growth and yield of three chili cultivars grown in field and pot conditions

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Black Plastic Mulch (BPM) and different rates of NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer on the growth and yield of three chili cultivars under field and protected cultivation. Two levels of mulch (BPM and no mulch), three levels of NPK (0, 200 and 300 kg/ha), and three cultivars “Demond F1” (DF1), “Legon 18” (L18), and “Shito Adope”, (SA) were used. Split application of half of each of the 200 and 300 kg/ha rates were applied two and four weeks after transplanting. Vegetative growth indices, soil moisture, and soil temperature were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after transplanting. The yield was calculated using AVRDC (1990) formula for chili pepper. The study revealed an increase in soil temperature and moisture under BPM for both studies. Also, 200 kg/ha NPK and BPM led to an increase in vegetative growth and yield for DF1 and SA. However, 300 kg/ha NPK decreased vegetative growth. In addition, there was no significant influence of BPM on the number of fruits harvested. However, for the pot study, BPM led to an increase in the number of fruits for “Legon 18” as compared to the other cultivars. The study, therefore, concludes that 200 kg/ha NPK was the best when cultivating DF1 and SA, for chili growth and development in the savannah ecological zone.
A TEMPERATURE-CREEP THEORY FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CONTINUUM AND BEAM STRUCTURES

Abstract The paper describes a creep analysis for prestressed concrete structures subjected to sustained or cyclically varying temperatures; cracking is not taken into account. Theory is presented for the general continuum problem and for continuous beam structures, ft is in such a form that the initial elastic and thermoelastic solutions, and the limiting or steady-state solution for creep, are obtained from the use of a single matrix equation. The solution at all stages of the problem is therefore ideally suited to a computer analysis. The calculation procedures are direct and time-step solutions are not required. The examples presented illustrate the combined influence of creep and nonuniform temperatures, and demonstrate the need to include a steady-state stress analysis at the design stage if long-term serviceability of prestressed concrete structures is to be assured. It is concluded that Codes of Practice should include sufficient information relating to temperature to permit an evaluation of long-.
Influence of magnesium powder and heat treatment on the superconducting properties of MgB2/Fe wires

The quality of precursor powders is an important factor influencing the superconducting properties and performance of in situ powder-in-tube (PIT) processed MgB2 wire. In this study, the influence of magnesium precursor powders and annealing temperatures on the transition temperatures (Tc) and critical current densities (Jc) of in situ MgB2/Fe wires was investigated. Jc enhancement was observed in MgB2/Fe wires when using a smaller particle size of the magnesium precursor powders. The results also show the wire samples annealed at a low temperature of 600 °C through a solid–solid state reaction have better Jc values. In summary, the critical current density increases with decreasing annealing temperatures.
The thermal physiology of the Mountain Pygmy-possum Burramys parvus (Marsupialia: Burramyidae).

The Mountain Pygmy-possum Burramys parvus is restricted to the Australian alpine region. Laboratory studies of the thermo-physiology of this species found that body temperature (Tb) was tightly regulated at 36.1oC, but animals quickly become hyperthermic at ambient temperatures (Ta) above 30oC, causing the thermal neutral zone to be truncated. Basal metabolic rate was 2.15 W kg -0.75 (mean body mass 44.3 g) and weight-specific thermal conductance was 0.112 ml O2, g-1 h-1 oC-1. These values are 9% and 44% lower, respectively, than the mass predicted value for a marsupial, showing that the overall rate of energy expenditure is considerably reduced in this species. Huddling also reduces individual rates of energy expenditure. Burramys parvus enters prolonged bouts of deep torpor lasting up to one week, during which Tb is very low and close to Ta and the rate of oxygen consumption greatly reduced. Spontaneous arousal occurred from a Tb as low as 6oC and the overall rate of rewarming was 0.17 oC /min. Attainment of a critical body mass appeared to be necessary before an animal would enter torpor. Burramys parvus shows physiological adjustments similar to that described in many placental mammals from cold climates and this species represents a true marsupial hibernator.
Discovery of an Extremely High Velocity, Massive, and Compact Molecular Outflow in Norma

G331.5–0.1 in the Norma spiral arm is one of the most luminous and extended cores of a giant molecular cloud (GMC), containing at least six massive and dense dust condensations. Here we report the discovery, from observations of several submillimeter molecular lines that were made using the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope (ASTE) and the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment Telescope (APEX), of an unresolved, extremely high velocity molecular outflow toward the brightest and most massive dust condensation. The outflow is massive and energetic (flow mass of ~55 M☉; momentum of ~2.4 × 103 M☉ km s−1; kinetic energy of ~1.4 × 1048 ergs). These values are characteristic of flows driven by young massive stellar objects with Lbol ∼ 1 × 105 L☉. We also report the detection, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), of a compact radio continuum source that is located at the center of the outflow and therefore likely to be its driving energy source. It has an spectral index between 4.8 and 8.6 GHz of 1.1 ± 0.2, suggesting that it might correspond to a collimated jet.
Risk-Sinsitive Dynamic Portfolio Optimization with Partial Information on Infinite Time Horizon

We consider an optimal investment problem for a factor model treated by Bielecki and Pliska (Appl. Math. Optim. 39 337-360) as a risk-sensitive stochastic control problem, where the mean returns of individual securities are explicitly affected by economic factors defined as Gaussian processes. We relax the measurability condition assumed as Bielecki and Pliska for the investment strategies to select. Our investment strategies are supposed to be chosen without using information of factor processes but by using only past information of security prices. Then our problem is formulated as a kind of stochastic control problem with partial information. The case on a finite time horizon is discussed by Nagai (Stochastics in Finite and Infinite Dimension 321-340. Birkhauser, Boston). Here we discuss the problem on infinite time horizon.