Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Axial length of the Eye and IOL power in indigenous people of North East India

Cataract surgery, the most commonly performed surgical procedure worldwide depends on many factors to perform successfully. Some of the factors to mention are advanced surgical instruments, skill of the surgeons and intraocular lens design for satisfactory postoperative refractive results. For achieving this goal, accuracy in biometric measurements is crucial. The ocular biometric characteristics of a population, including axial length (AL), keratometric power (K) are important for selection of most appropriate lenses to be implanted during cataract surgery To our knowledge, publications on studies about the values of ocular biometry parameters from North East India were not much reported. The present work aims at the first hospital-based population study of ocular biometric characteristics of cataract in older patients of 57yrs to 85yrs fromNorth East India. Materials and methods: Senile cataract patients who had attended outpatient department (OPD) were included in the study. Keratometric readings of vertical and horizontal corneal median (K1 & K2) were measured with manual keratometer and axial length was measured with contact A-scan.Power of IOL was calculated by using SRK-T formula. The data was analysed with descriptive statistics, independent sample t–test and correlation using IBM SPSS Statistics (2015). Results:A total of 160 senile cataract patients were evaluated in the study and out of which 96 (60%) were females and 64(40%) were males. Their age ranged from 57 years to 85 years with a mean of 68.05±6.31 years.The mean±SD keratometric readings(K1 & K2) were 44.34± 1.75 D and 44.36± 2.15 D respectively.The mean±SD axial length was 22.59±0.90 mm in all the variables. The mean ±SD intra ocular lens power was 21.65. 22±1.72D. Comparison based on gender showed that the mean±SD K1 in males(44.10±1.75) wasfound lessin females (44.53±1.45, p>0.05). The mean±SD K2 for males (44.17±2.15) was also less in females(44.49±1.45, p>0.05). The mean±SD axial length of eyes in male was 22.97±0.90 mm significantly more when compare to that of females (22.33±0.69 mm p<0.05). The mean±SD IOL power was 20.86±1.72D in males and 22.17±1.42 D in females (p>0.05). AL correlated negatively with K1 (Correlation coefficient ‘r’0.543,p<0.05), K2 (-0.452, p<0.05) and IOL (-0.752, p<0.05). Conclusion: The result shows that older cataract patients from North East India have similar ocular biometric characteristic as other populations. Females tend to have more keratometric readings but shorter axial lengths than males thereby females required higher IOL power to be implanted after cataract surgery. It is also found that there is negative strongcorrelation between ocular axial lengthswith the power of IOL.We observed as the axial length increases the power of IOL decreases significantly.
The Asset Durability Premium

This paper studies how the durability of assets affects the cross-section of stock returns. More durable assets incur lowers frictionless user costs but are more "expensive", in the sense that they need more down payments making them hard to finance. In recessions, firms become more financially constrained and prefer "cheaper" less durable assets. As a result, the price of less durable assets is less procyclical and therefore less risky than that of durable assets. We provide strong empirical evidence to support this prediction. Among financially constrained stocks, firms with higher asset durability earn average returns about 5% higher than firms with lower asset durability. We develop a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms and collateral constraints to quantitatively account for such a positive asset durability premium.
Barriers to Medication Adherence among Hypertensive Patients in Deprived Rural Areas

Background Poor adherence to medication regimen leads to poor health outcomes, increased medical costs and increased death rate due to hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate baseline barriers to medication adherence among hypertensive patients in deprived rural areas. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 238 hypertensive patients living in deprived rural areas of Iran. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of demographic information, Morisky medication adherence scale and the barriers to medication adherence that were reliable and valid. Results The results of the study showed that medication adherence was significantly decreased and had a significant positive correlation with gender and economic status, while it had a negative correlation with age. Medication Adherence had a positive correlation with the duration of hypertension, while it had a negative correlation with the number of medications used and concurrently with other diseases. Conclusions Based on the present study it can be concluded that enhanced knowledge about illness and treatment in rural communities is improves the medical adherence. Financial supports along with the reduced number of prescribed drugs are also found to be the determining factors in the medical adherence.
Cross-Validation of BMI-Based Equations for Predicting Percent Body Fat in Female Collegiate Athletes

Editor-in-Chief Tommy Boone, PhD, MBA Review Board Todd Astorino, PhD Julien Baker, PhD Steve Brock, PhD Lance Dalleck, PhD Eric Goulet, PhD Robert Gotshall, PhD Alexander Hutchison, PhD M. Knight-Maloney, PhD Len Kravitz, PhD James Laskin, PhD Yit Aun Lim, PhD Lonnie Lowery, PhD Derek Marks, PhD Cristine Mermier, PhD Robert Robergs, PhD Chantal Vella, PhD Dale Wagner, PhD Frank Wyatt, PhD Ben Zhou, PhD
Social positioning correlates with consensus building in two contentious large-group meetings

This paper analyzes two examples of whiteboard meetings from a college calculus-based introductory physics course taught using University Modeling Instruction. In this pedagogy, students work in small groups to create a solution to the same problem on 2 (cid:48) × 3 (cid:48) whiteboards. They then sit in a large circle with their whiteboards held facing in and conduct a student-led whole-class discussion (“board” meeting) to reach a consensus. One example is given of a conversation where students overcame sharp disagreements to eventually reach whole-class consensus and another example is given where they did not. We examine how social positioning contributed to students either successfully examining and resolving different ideas or failing to do so. Initial results from two different “board” meetings tentatively support the idea that meetings where “experts” soften their position by “hedging” more frequently are better able to overcome sharp initial disagreements to reach consensus on their own. Our analysis suggests that the way students position themselves in discussions may open or close the collaborative space to productive sense-making.
Outsourcing Education: Experimental Evidence from Liberia

In 2016, the Liberian government delegated management of 93 randomly selected public schools to private providers. Providers received US$50 per pupil, on top of US$50 per pupil annual expenditure in control schools. After one academic year, students in outsourced schools scored 0.18 σ higher in English and mathematics. We do not find heterogeneity in learning gains or enrollment by student characteristics, but there is significant heterogeneity across providers. While outsourcing appears to be a cost-effective way to use new resources to improve test scores, some providers engaged in unforeseen and potentially harmful behavior, complicating any assessment of welfare gains. (JEL H41, I21, I28, O15)
Dark Knights: The Rise in Firm Intervention by CDS Investors

We document an increase in cases where credit default swap (CDS) investors intervene in the restructuring of a distressed firm. In our theoretical analysis, we show that—contrary to popular belief—intervention by CDS investors is not necessarily reducing firm value. While the equilibrium CDS spread seems excessive for the protection buyer, that cost is offset by the reduced probability of liquidation. Ex ante borrowing costs go down, and investment and firm value both increase. Under certain assumptions, investment reaches first-best. Our results suggest that the empty creditor problem could be at least partially solved by CDS investor intervention.
INFLUENCE OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON SOIL NUTRIENT STOCKS AND BALANCES IN SMALLHOLDER FARMS OF CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF KENYA

The processes of nutrient depletion and soil degradation within smallholder farms of central highlands of Kenya are spatially heterogeneous, determined by both biophysical and socio-economic factors. The farms consist of multiple plots managed differently in terms of crops planted, nutrient inputs and labour allocation; resulting into within-farm soil fertility gradients. A monitoring study involving nutrient stocks, flows and balances was conducted in Kirege Location, central highlands of Kenya to explore soil heterogeneity with the aim of improving soil fertility management. Focus group discussions were conducted where criteria for wealth ranking and grouping farmers into different wealth status was developed. The farms were grouped into wealthy, medium and poor. Nine case-study farms were randomly selected for detailed resource flow mapping (3 from each of the 3 farm types). The farms were visited to record movement of nutrients stock materials using a monitoring protocol covering household, crops, livestock, soil and socio-economic aspects of the farm. Soil in the plots identified in resource flow mapping at different distances from the homesteads were sampled at a depth of 0 20 cm and analyzed for pH, C, N, P, K, Mg and Ca. Results revealed that use of nutrient resources varied for different field types and was strongly influenced by distance from the homestead. In wealthy farms, home fields received 109.1 kg N ha, 72.9 kg P ha, and 379 kg K ha, compared to 42 kg N ha, 32.1 kg P ha and 55 kg K ha in the outfields. In poor farms, home fields received 56.8 kg N ha, 32.8 kg P ha and 106 kg K ha compared to 8.1 kg N ha, 4.6 kg P ha and 16 kg K ha for the outfields. Variations in resource allocation were also observed with regard to farmers’ level of resource endowment. Wealthy farmers used a mean of 74.5 N kg ha, 50.9 kg P ha and 244 kg K ha, compared to 27.3 kg N ha, 16.2 kg P ha and 50.7 kg K ha for poor farms. Due to nutrient heterogeneity in smallholder farms, there is a need for a more targeted approach to soil fertility intervention that differentiates between farm fields, agro-ecological zone and resource endowment status.
Interest in Scientific and Technological Careers in Peruvian School Students

The present study analyzed Peruvian students’ expectations to get involved in scientific and technological careers and factors associated with those expectations through the analysis of PISA 2015 data. The expectancy-value theory was taken as framework to analyze science career expectations since it considers individuals’ motivation, self-beliefs and attitudes, variables that have been proved to be influential in career choice. Analytical procedures included confirmatory factor analysis and binary logistic regression. Findings confirmed the importance of gender roles, socioeconomic status and scientific capital in the formation of interest in scientific or technological careers as well as attitudinal and motivational factors, as argued by the expectation-value theory.
Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women and its Associated Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

Urinary tract infection is widespread among pregnant women and is accompanying adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Even so, no data exist regarding this problem in Wadi Addawser to guide specific management and thus to avert the adverse consequences. The study aimed to assess the urinary tract infection among pregnant women and its associated risk factors and to investigate the most common antibacterial agent used by infected pregnant women. A total of 303 pregnant women who attend the obstetrics and gynecology clinic with the inclusion criteria were included. The sample was collected using a structured interview. The study results showed, 53.5 % of the studied women had positive pathogens in the urine culture. E. coli (37%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (27%) had the highest percentage of the isolated pathogens. Amoxicillin and cefoxitin (40.1% &21.6%, respectively) are the most antibiotics used by infected women, while the lowest used antibiotics are fusidic acid (5.6%). The clinical symptoms such as frequency of micturition, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, urine color change, painful burning sensation, incomplete bladder evacuation were most common among infected women. Since the symptoms are a good predictor for urinary tract infection during pregnancy, so early screening for pathogens and proper treatment for infected cases should be applied.
Brazilian translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Myasthenia Gravis Composite scale and Quantitative Myasthenia gravis testing form: a multicentric study protocol.

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic and inflammatory disease characterized by progressive weakness of the skeletal muscles due to changes in the synaptic junctions between nerves and muscle fibres. Typically, patients have a history of progressive weakness and fatigue in skeletal muscles, which occurs during sustained or repeated activities and improves after rest. Scoring systems to assess the degree of disease severity are commonly used in clinical drug trials. Further, specific instruments to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) have been designed to measure self-perception of symptoms and wellness during the disease or after disease treatment.HRQOL is an important component of patient evaluation, as some individuals can tolerate severe impairment and disability, while others may be very unhappy even with less severe symptom profiles. The objective of the proposed study is to translate and perform a cultural adaptation and validation of two specific instruments for assessing the clinical course of patients with MG. These instruments include the Quantitative Test for Myasthenia gravis (QMG) and Myasthenia gravis Composite Scale (MGC). Methods and analyses: The study design will follow a multi-method approach, and will be conducted in three stages consisting of translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the QMG and MGC for Brazilian Portuguese patients. This multi-step process will consider aspects of construct and predictive validity as well as reliability and structure of the instrument. The entire process will follow the procedures proposed and developed in other linguistic and social-cultural contexts based on previous studies. Ethics: This study has received approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Nove de Julho University (Brazil) under process no. 360.488 based on the Helsinki declaration and is registered with the World Health Organization (WHO) under Universal Trial Number (UTN) U1111-1147-7853 and the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC) RBR -7ckpdd.
When politics makes strange bedfellows

Much interest group literature uses organization types, often the distinction between business and non-business interests, as key categories and often expects these categories to correspond with key policy conflicts. Being an NGO or a business interest then affects mobilization patterns, strategies and influence. This paper takes a somewhat different perspective and analyzes when and why business interests and NGOs are part of the same lobbying coalition. To answer this question we emphasize three explanatory factors: the logic of influence, organizational maintenance and contextual factors. To test our hypotheses we start from a sample of 125 legislative proposals submitted by the European Commission between 2008 and 2010 and a set of 143 semistructured interviews with EU-level interest organizations. Our findings demonstrate that groups which depend less on members’ donations or oppose a legislative proposal tabled by the European Commission are much more prone to engage in business-NGO alliances. Moreover, salient proposals are more likely to stimulate coalition building in general.
Breast Cancer and its Associated Factors among Women Visiting Oncology & Surgery OPD and Ward of JHL

Background: Breast Cancer is a commonest malignancy and is the second most cause of cancer related deaths among female. The knowledge of its risk and protective factors is important to the adoption of primary prevention strategies. Occurrence of breast cancer is related to genetic as well as cultural, environmental and life-style factors. Variations in diversity of these factors among different ethnic groups and geographical areas emphasize the immense need for studies in all racial-ethnic populations. Objective: To study the risk factors for breast cancer among female visiting Surgery and Oncology OPD and ward of Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the tertiary care hospital, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, with a sample size of 200. Sampling technique was non-probability purposive sampling. Results: Among the females having Breast Cancer, the use of contraception was 26% with the p-value = 0.00 which was significant. Mothers who did not breast feed their children were 24% with p – value =0.00 which was also found to be significant. Females with positive family history of Breast Cancer was 34% with the p-value=0.00 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Positive Family history and use of Oral contraceptives are the significant Risk factors of Breast Cancer while being Multiparous and promoting Breast feeding reduces the possibility of Breast Cancer.
RSCAS 2020/08 Migrant Integration Policies and Bilateral Migration

Using a novel gravity methodology based on international and intra-national (i.e. internal) migration flows, I investigate the impact of non-discriminatory migrant integration policies set by destination countries on bilateral migration. In a sample of 27 destination countries and 189 origin countries for the years 2010-2014, I show that these policies, on average, positively affect migration. Moving from the 25th percentile to the median of the variable that summarizes all migrant integration policies leads to a predicted 27 percent increase in international, relative to internal migration flows. Not all migrant integration policies, however, have such positive effect. Only policies favoring migrants' access to nationality and policies affording migrants legal protection from discrimination are robust determinants of migration flows.
Chronic Kidney Disease as a Result of Secondary Oxalate Nephropathy From Excess Dietary Intake of Peanut Butter and Coffee

Excess production or absorption of oxalate can lead to hyperoxaluria and subsequent kidney injury. While many etiologies of hyperoxaluria have been well studied, diet-induced secondary oxalate nephropathy is a rare cause of renal damage that is still poorly understood. In this report, we present a 71-year-old man who lacked any known risk factors for secondary oxalate nephropathy other than a diet that was unusually high in peanut butter and coffee. The patient developed severe acute kidney injury, which resulted in end-stage renal disease and dependence on hemodialysis. Renal biopsy showed oxalate crystal buildup to be the culprit. It is likely that these cases of diet-induced secondary oxalate nephropathy have a strong genetic component that is yet to be fully understood. As the general public is likely unaware of the significance of dietary oxalate, we believe it is important to quickly identify and educate patients that have relevant risk factors to prevent development of acute or chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol Urol. 2020;9(1):25-28 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjnu399
Management of Hypertension in the Setting of Acute Stroke: A Literature Review

The burden of stroke has not been mitigated over the past 2–4 decades. In terms of the proportions of disability and mortality as a result of stroke, the less developed regions of the world surpass most developed nations. [1] The primary causes of the increased global burden of stroke are related to the increase in stroke risk factors, particularly hypertension. Part of the reason for the higher disability and mortality rates is probably in the lack of understanding on how best to manage the blood pressure (BP) in different stroke settings. [2,3] In general, acute ischemic strokes (AISs) account for 80% of the stroke cases while hemorrhagic strokes account about 20% depending on the specific population. Recent data from the Risk Factors for Ischemic and Intracerebral Stroke in 22 Countries (INTERSTROKE) study, which included the Philippines, China, Malaysia and Sudan showed that the proportions of ischemic and Abstract
Post-compulsory education pathways and labour market outcomes

ABSTRACT We use sequence analysis to compare the different trajectories that individuals take through the education system and into work and identify the characteristics that could be used to target those who are at most risk of poorer labour market outcomes. As well as age 16 exam performance, we find that parental advice, aspirations, and attitudes towards HE are important predictors of the pathways through education and into work. However, these pathways are not strongly determined at the end of compulsory education, and thus there are still opportunities for individuals to change their trajectory even after leaving school.
University of Birmingham The Social Salience Hypothesis of Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a nonapeptide that also serves as a neuromodulator in the human central nervous system. Over the last decade, a sizeable body of literature has examined its effects on social behavior in humans. These studies show that oxytocin modulates various aspects of social behaviors such as empathy, trust, ingroup preference and memory of socially-relevant cues. Several theoretical formulations have attempted to explain the effects of oxytocin. The prosocial account argues that oxytocin mainly enhances affiliative prosocial behaviors; the fear/stress theory suggests that oxytocin affects social performance by attenuating stress; and the in-/out-group approach proposes that oxytocin regulates cooperation and conflict among humans in the context of intergroup relations. Nonetheless, accumulating evidence reveals that the effects of
Torsion of the Greater Omentum as a Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Torsion of the greater omentum is a highly uncommon cause of acute abdomen in adults and is extremely difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Usually it mimics other surgical emergencies such as acute cholecystitis, acute appendicitis, perforated peptic ulcers and acute diverticulitis and can be easily misdiagnosed leading to deterioration of the patient. Around 300 cases have been reported in the literature and only 26 of them were treated laparoscopically.