Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
North American Journal of Economics and Finance

This study aims to describe the risk of the system composed on the market indexes of the countries that were more affected by COVID-19. Our sample encompasses the thirty-five countries with more cases and/or deaths caused by COVID-19 until November 2020. As a second contribution, we describe the risk of each market index individually. As a general pattern, we note that losses and individual and systemic risks peaked in March 2020. We verify that countries that were epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic experienced critical levels of risk, which is partially explained by more stringent confinement measures since these are the ones whose labor markets will suffer more in the medium and long run. We perceived a market recovery, arguably due to the low-interest rates and expansive actions taken by central banks. Nonetheless, we also observed that the systemic risk returned to pre-pandemic levels at the end of 2020.
MALAYSIAN ONLINE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT (MOJEM)

The study determined the level of organizational commitment of public school teachers in their identity orientation, immediacy behaviour, and teacher selfefficacy in Region XI, Mindanao, Philippines. Using descriptive-correlation and Structural Equation Modeling, the researcher selected 400 public elementary school teachers from the region through stratified proportionate sampling. Findings revealed high levels of identity orientation, immediacy behaviour, organizational commitment and a very high level of teacher self-efficacy. A significant relationship was shown between all latent exogenous variables and organizational commitment; all latent exogenous variables significantly influenced the endogenous variable organizational commitment. The most parsimonious model 5 conveyed a generalized new concept that teacher commitment was primarily grounded on continuance and affective organizational commitment, defined from the nature of identity orientation which was influenced by social and collective identity, and which must be highly reinforced with verbal and nonverbal immediacy behaviour of teachers. Structural Model 5, which depicted the direct causal relationships of identity orientation and immediacy behaviour to the organizational commitment of teachers, was found to be the best fit and most parsimonious model.
Impacts of Urbanization and Climate Variability on Floods in Northeastern Illinois

Trend analysis of annual flood peaks on 12 small urbanizing watersheds in northeastern Illinois indicated that annual peaks, and thus frequency and impact of flooding, increased over the past several decades. An increase in flood peaks could be attributed to intensive urbanization and increasing incidences of heavy rainfall. Average urbanization of the 12 watersheds increased significantly from 10.6% in 1954 to 61.8% in 1996. In addition, numerous studies have reported increasing frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall in the region. This outcome is consistent with lower design rainfall estimates produced by older studies, such as U.S. Weather Bureau Technical Paper No. 40 (TP-40), compared to more recent sources, such as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Atlas-14. This study used a design storm approach and the Hydrologic Engineering Center for Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model to calculate design flood peaks. Hydrologic model parameters were calibrated using hourly rainfall-runo.
Improved access and targeting of musculoskeletal services in northwest Wales: targeted early access to musculoskeletal services (TEAMS) programme

Abstract Problem The hospital based musculoskeletal service in northwest Wales was unable to cope with the demand for referrals from general practitioners. Waiting times were long, duplicate referrals to other departments were common, and general practitioners were reluctant to refer patients with common problems because of the perceived lack of service. Many referrals were made to the inappropriate specialty, especially orthopaedics. At least part of this problem was due to a lack of coordination between the four hospital departments providing musculoskeletal services and the emphasis on district general hospital based rather than community provision. Design Review over 18 months of impact of the targeted early access to musculoskeletal services (TEAMS) programme on accessibility to musculoskeletal services. Setting Northwest Wales. Key measures for improvement Number of patients referred and seen with musculoskeletal problems, waiting times, number of duplicate referrals, and surgery conversion rates in orthopaedic clinics. Strategies for change Establishing with central clinical triage a common pathway for all musculoskeletal referrals so that patients attend the appropriate department. A back pain pathway led by extended scope physiotherapists was developed, and general practitioners with special interests and extended scope physiotherapists were trained to provide services for patients with uncomplicated musculoskeletal problems in the community. Effects of change Over 18 months the number of referrals more than doubled. Despite this, waiting times for musculoskeletal services fell; this was noticeable for rheumatology and pain management. Duplicate referrals were abolished. Surgery conversion rates did not, however, change. Questionnaires from the clinics showed a high level of patient satisfaction. Lessons learnt Integration of hospital services that traditionally have worked in isolation can result in greatly improved access to musculoskeletal services. Community based multidisciplinary clinics run by specially trained general practitioners with special interests and extended scope physiotherapists are an effective way of managing patients with uncomplicated musculoskeletal problems and have been well received by patients and general practitioners. The huge unmet burden of need was reflected by the great increase in musculoskeletal referrals. Other approaches are needed to meet this, including better education of general practitioners and methods for identifying and modifying psychosocial risk factors for chronic pain at an early stage.
Dynamical relationship of infrared cloudtop temperatures with occurrence rates of cloud‐to‐ground lightning and sprites

We correlated cloudtop temperatures obtained from GOES‐8 infrared images, lightning data from the National Lightning Detection Network, and triangulated nadir positions of sprites from a 22 July 1996 Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) over Kansas. The maximum sprite production of the MCS occurred during the transition between growth and decay phases of the system, and when the occurrence rate of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flash activity maximized. The −CG flash rate was maximum when the overlying cloudtop temperatures Tc were minimum, −69° to −72°C. During the MCS growth phase, the −CG occurrence rate increased smoothly with decreasing Tc, and declined with increasing Tc during the decay phase. By way of contrast, the +CG rate remained associated with approximately constant Tc (−69° and −72°C) during the growth phase, and then also declined with increasing Tc during the decay phase. The sprite‐generating +CGs occurred in regions with cloudtop temperatures 2–3°C warmer than the rest of the +CG population.
Regional poverty estimates for India, 1999-2000

This note presents adjusted poverty headcount ratios for the regions of the major state of India using the data from the 55th Round of the Indian National Sample Survey. These estimates are compatible with and extend those presented in Deaton and Dreze (2002) and are designed to be used alongside them. Deaton and Dreze presented estimates for the major states, but did not disaggregate beyond that. For many of the large states, in which poverty is not evenly distributed, there is considerable interest in the regional patterns of poverty and of poverty decline. The tables in this note are address that interest.
Anticoccidial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to find the effect of ginger and garlic on the performance and integrity of gut in experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens. A total of two hundred and forty day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into six equal groups as following: T1, Control (basal diet only); T2, Infected–untreated (positive control); T3, Infected and supplemented with garlic at 15 g/kg feed; T4, Infected and supplemented with gingers at 5 g/kg feed; T5, Infected and treated with amprolium hydrochloride at 1.25 g/liter drinking water; T6, Infected and supplemented with mixture of garlic and ginger at the rate of 2.5 and 7.5 g/kg feed. The results showed that feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (P < .05) high in ginger and garlic supplemented birds compared to the positive control. Similarly, oocysts shedding, lesion score and histopathology of the small intestines improved in ginger and garlic supplemented birds after induced-infection in broiler. The findings of the present study showed that ginger and garlic produced encouraging results in comparison to amprolium in broiler chickens infected with experimental coccidiosis.
Neurodegenerative disease and magnetic field exposure in UK electricity supply workers.

BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested a possible link between neurodegenerative disease and exposure to extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields. AIMS To investigate whether risks of Alzheimer's, motor neurone or Parkinson's disease are related to occupational exposure to magnetic fields. METHODS The mortality experienced by a cohort of 73051 employees of the former Central Electricity Generating Board of England and Wales was investigated for the period 1973-2010. All employees were hired in the period 1952-82, were employed for at least 6 months and had some employment after 1 January 1973. Detailed calculations had been performed by others to enable an assessment to be made of exposures to magnetic fields. Poisson regression was used to calculate relative risks (rate ratios) of developing any of the three diseases under investigation for categories of lifetime, distant (lagged) and recent (lugged) exposure. RESULTS No statistically significant trends were shown for risks of any of these diseases to increase with estimates of lifetime, recent or distant exposure to magnetic fields. CONCLUSIONS There is no convincing evidence that UK electricity generation and transmission workers have suffered elevated risks from neurodegenerative diseases as a consequence of exposure to magnetic fields.
Assessment of Periodontal Parameters Following the Use of Fixed and Removable Space Maintainers in 6–12-year Olds

ABSTRACT Aim Placement of fixed space maintainer (FSM) and removable space maintainer (RSM) may increase the risk of gingivitis in children. This study aimed to assess the effect of using FSMs and RSMs on periodontal parameters in 6–12-year olds. Materials and methods This interventional prospective study was conducted on systemically healthy 6–12-year olds (mean age of 8 years) presenting at the Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University requiring space maintainers. The probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival index (GI) were recorded at the baseline and 6 months after using space maintainers in the abutment teeth in patients with fixed space maintainers and in the tooth with the Adams clasp in children with removable space maintainers as well as the same teeth in the opposing jaw/quadrant as controls. Results A significant increase in PPD was noted in distolingual and mesiolingual sites at 6 months after placement of FSM (p < 0.05). This increase was not significant for RSM at any site. A significant increase in GI and BOP was also noted at 6 months after placement of FSM and RSM (p < 0.05). Caries index did not show a significant change in FSM but caries index significantly increased following the use of RSM. Conclusion BOP and GI increase following placement of FSM and RSM, and PPD increases in distolingual and mesiolingual areas of the banded tooth. How to cite this article Hosseinipour ZS, Poorzandpoush K, Heidari A, et al. Assessment of Periodontal Parameters Following the Use of Fixed and Removable Space Maintainers in 6–12-year Olds. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(5):405–409.
Interactive comment on “ Variability in the air – sea interaction patterns and time-scales within the Southeastern Bay of Biscay , as observed by HF radar data ” by A .

The authors sincerely appreciate the time that the reviewer has devoted to the revision of the manuscript, and we would also like to thank the referee for some of his/her constructive comments provided. However, we firmly disagree with some of the suggestions provided, e.g. EOF truncation and our treatment of temporal autocorrelation. In the next lines, we make a point-by-point reply to the referee’s comments.
Glacial isostatic adjustment of Scandinavia and northwestern Europe and the radial viscosity structure of the Earth's mantle

SUMMARY During the last glacial maximum (LGM), large ice sheets covered Scandinavia, the Barents Sea and the Northern British Isles. Subsequent to the LGM, the ice sheets disappeared and the solid Earth readjusted towards a new isostatic equilibrium. The glacial isostatic adjustment process is documented in numerous observations, for example, palaeoshorelines covering the last deglaciation phase, and ongoing crustal deformations monitored by GPS stations, for example, the BIFROST project. In this study, we use palaeoshoreline data from Scandinavia, the Barents Sea and northwestern Europe (NW) as well as radial crustal velocities from the BIFROST campaign to infer the radial viscosity structure of the Earth's mantle underneath Scandinavia and NW Europe. A global inverse procedure based on the Neighbourhood Algorithm allows us to explore the hypothesis of a low-viscosity zone in the upper mantle, which has been proposed in the literature. Our results indicate a low-viscosity zone underneath the Barents Sea, with viscosities between 1019 and 1020 Pa s in a depth interval of 160–200 km. No such low-viscosity zone is found underneath Scandinavia, and no clear indication for such a zone underneath NW Europe. The thickness of the rheological lithosphere increases from 60 to 70 km underneath NW Europe and the Barents Sea towards values exceeding 120 km underneath Scandinavia.
Multiple Regression as a Practical Tool for Teacher Preparation Program Evaluation.

In response to No Child Left Behind mandates, budget cuts and various accountability demands aimed at improving programs, colleges and schools of education are in need of practical, quantitative evaluation methods which can be utilized internally to meaningfully examine teacher preparation programs and related coursework. The utility of multiple regression as a tool for linking coursework to teacher certification outcomes was examined in two separate case studies: one examined data from a smaller, private university and the other examined data from a larger public university. Grade inflation, missing or confounding variables, bivariate correlations, beta weights, statistical assumptions, and power were statistical considerations. Results indicated multiple regression can provide meaningful program evaluation information when examining teacher preparation programs where fewer sections of courses are offered, such as at the private university level. Variance associated with multiple course sections being nested in individual courses was believed to interfere with multiple regression results for public university analyses. Methods such as hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and growth mixture modeling (GMM) may be more appropriate when evaluating teacher preparation programs at larger universities where nested variables are often more prevalent.
Community Participatory Activities Relating to Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Prevention and Control in Bentre Province, Viet Nam*

It is increasingly recognized that social communication and mobilization is an effective component of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) control strategy. This qualitative study conducted in four communes of Ben Tre province was to learn about community participatory measures relating to DHF prevention and control. Based on the plan developed by the commune government, local schools and social unions have implemented many measures to mobilize local households to clear the environment of mosquito breeding. The continuing implementation of these measures over the years has proved that improved knowledge and behaviour of households have significantly contributed to DHF control in the Ben Tre province.
Model selection and inference for censored lifetime medical expenditures

Identifying factors associated with increased medical cost is important for many micro‐ and macro‐institutions, including the national economy and public health, insurers and the insured. However, assembling comprehensive national databases that include both the cost and individual‐level predictors can prove challenging. Alternatively, one can use data from smaller studies with the understanding that conclusions drawn from such analyses may be limited to the participant population. At the same time, smaller clinical studies have limited follow‐up and lifetime medical cost may not be fully observed for all study participants. In this context, we develop new model selection methods and inference procedures for secondary analyses of clinical trial data when lifetime medical cost is subject to induced censoring. Our model selection methods extend a theory of penalized estimating function to a calibration regression estimator tailored for this data type. Next, we develop a novel inference procedure for the unpenalized regression estimator using perturbation and resampling theory. Then, we extend this resampling plan to accommodate regularized coefficient estimation of censored lifetime medical cost and develop postselection inference procedures for the final model. Our methods are motivated by data from Southwest Oncology Group Protocol 9509, a clinical trial of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer, and our models of lifetime medical cost are specific to this population. But the methods presented in this article are built on rather general techniques and could be applied to larger databases as those data become available.
Pengembangan Wisata Alam Berbasis Ekowisata Dalam Perspektif Pelayanan Publik ( Studi Pada Disparbud Kabupaten Nganjuk )

: Nature Based Ecotourism Development in the Perspective of Public Services (Studies in the Department of Culture and Tourism District Nganjuk). Nganjuk is one area in East Java that has the potential to develop tourism in the region one Destinations Water Propagating Roro Kuning. Nganjuk Travel offers tourism objects with each appeal, including Air Propagating Roro Kuning but in the event of natural disasters in 2010 major landslides that hit the sights consequently supporting infrastructure of these attractions were destroyed not be as exposed to the brunt of stone besar.Kejadian also killed one victim and caused a lot of facilities damaged infrastructure. Until finally closed in late 2010 until mid-2011, about seven months and a cleaning cap over the remnants of tourism longsor.Sektor requires a good tourism development. that could have potential in developed and obtain maximum results. From these explanations the author uses descriptive research using qualitative research methods with a focus on research 1. Development of nature-based ecotourism in the perspective of public services in Nganjuk 2. Factors affecting the development of nature-based ecotourism in the public service perspective.
α-Thalassemia Syndromes in the United Arab Emirates

α-Thalassemia (α-thal) is usually due to deletions within the α-globin gene cluster, leading to loss of function of one or both α-globin genes. α-Thalassemia is prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia. There are no large-scale reports regarding the prevalence of α-thal in the Arabian populations apart from sporadic surveys in the mid-1980s on red cell indices from Saudi Arabia and a more recent study from Kuwait. Several studies were conducted in an attempt to elucidate the frequency of α-thal in the UAE. Cord blood samples were collected from 419 consecutive newborns of UAE national mothers. The study involved polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis of the α-globin genes and sequencing using an ABI Genetic Analyser 3130. The findings demonstrated that 49% of the neonates had α-thal, one of the highest in the world. The incidence of α-thal, particularly the –α3. 7 deletion, was extremely high. The distribution of mutations was extensive, ranging from the simple –α3. 7 genotype to severe nondeletional type α-thalassemias such as the polyadenylation signal (polyA1) [αPA–1 (AATAAA>AATAAG)], polyA2 [αPA–2 (AATAAA>AATGAA)], Hb Constant Spring [Hb CS, α142 (αCSα/αCSα) TAA>CAA (α2)] and pentanucleotide deletion [α−5 nt (GAGGTGAGG>GAGG)]. The nondeletional mutations, denoted αTα or ααT, are markedly frequent in the UAE and are well characterized. The report here describes the analysis of 84 chromosomes having deletional and nondeletional types of α-thal. Of the 84 chromosomes, 47.4% had the polyA1 mutation (αPA–1α), 28.2% had the small deletion –α3. 7, 11.5% had Hb CS (αCSα), and 5% were positive for the pentanucleotide deletion (α−5 ntα). These findings show that nondeletional α-thal has a significant impact on the genotype/phenotype correlation in the UAE. It is important to note that the polyA1 mutation accounted for almost 50% of all the α-thal alleles, making it one of the most common mutations in the Gulf Region.
Comment on: Polonsky et al. Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Significantly Reduces A1C Levels in Poorly Controlled, Noninsulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Structured Testing Program Study. Diabetes Care 2011;34:262–267

We read with interest the article by Polonsky et al. (1) reporting that self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) improves glycemic control in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes. In the U.K., SMBG is recommended for insulin-treated diabetes (2), and controversy exists in relation to treatment with lifestyle advice or oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). A Cochrane review concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of SMBG in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes (3). Furthermore, a health technology assessment review suggests that SMBG has limited clinical effectiveness in improving glycemic control in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes (4). In view of the widespread use of SMBG, cost implications, and the fact that U.K. management algorithms are based on HbA …