Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A numerical study of two‐dimensional instability‐wave control based on the Orr–Sommerfeld equation

A numerical method based on solution of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation is formulated to demonstrate the suppression of a two‐dimensional, Tollmien–Schlichting‐type, time‐harmonic instability wave in a developing channel flow by a downstream secondary wave created through alternating suction and blowing at the surface. An analytical expression is derived providing the amplitude and a second parameter (the width or the phase) of the downstream surface‐velocity distribution required to create a wave that will suppress the downstream continuation of the original disturbance.
Tracks of swift heavy ions in graphite studied by scanning tunneling microscopy

Tracks of energetic heavy ions on the surface and in the bulk of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Ni, Zn, Xe, and U ions in the MeV to GeV energy range create hillock-like damage zones with diameters between 2 and 3.5 nm, occasionally surrounded by oriented superstructures. Even at highest energy loss, tracks are formed much easier on the sample surface than in the bulk. Tracks on the original surface are generated by electronic energy loss processes above a critical threshold of $7.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\mathrm{k}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m}. $ In a transition regime from 9 to 18 keV/nm, there exists a large discrepancy between the number density of detected tracks and ion fluence. A probability of one is only found for an energy loss above about 18 keV/nm. It is concluded that tracks do not consist of a continuous cylindrical damage trail but of a discontinuous sequence of perturbed zones, in which the lattice is destroyed. Specific material properties and possible recrystallization processes are discussed.
Edge-source acoustic Green's function for an airfoil of arbitrary chord, with application to trailing-edge noise

Approximations are derived for the three-dimensional, time-harmonic acoustic Green's function whose normal derivative vanishes on the surface of an airfoil of finite thickness and chord for source locations in the neighbourhood of either the leading or trailing edge. The acoustic wavelength is assumed to be large relative to the airfoil thickness, but no restriction is placed on its magnitude relative to . A multiple scattering calculation is performed for high frequencies that involves an expansion in terms of the successive scattering of waves from the leading and trailing edges of the airfoil. The 'principal subseries' of the expansion is summed and shown to provide an excellent approximation for the Green's function when κ 0 ≥ 1, where κ 0 is the acoustic wavenumber. The solution is extended down to κ 0 = 0 by interpolation with the corresponding Green's function for an airfoil of acoustically compact chord. The results extend the single scattering approximation introduced by R. K. Amiet (AIAAJ. 12 1970), and are illustrated by application to the problem of trailing-edge noise generated by nominally steady, low Mach number flow past the airfoil. Experiments and numerical simulations of such flows often include acoustic frequencies that are sufficiently small that the usual assumption of trailing-edge noise theory, that the airfoil is semi-infinite, is not valid.
Extraction and classification of vehicles in LADAR imagery

The work presented in this paper is based on a dataset recorded with an airborne sensor. It comprises targets like M-60, M-47, M-113, bridge layers, tank retrievers, and trucks in various types of scenes. The background-object segmentation consists of first estimating the ground level everywhere in the scene, and then for each sample simply subtracting the measured height and ground level height. No assumptions concerning flat terrain etc. are made. Samples with height above ground level higher than a certain threshold are clustered by utilizing a straightforward agglomerative clustering algorithm. Around each cluster the bounding box with minimum volume is determined. Based on these bounding boxes, too small as well as too large clusters can easily be removed. However, vehicle-sized clutter will not be removed. Clutter detection is based on estimating the normal vector for a plane approximation around each sample. This approach is based on the fact that the surface normals of a vehicle is more “modulo 90°” distributed than clutter. The aim of the classification has been to classify main battle tanks (MBTs) Two types of algorithms have been studied, one based on Dempster Shafer fusion theory, and one model based. Our dataset comprises clusters of 269 vehicles (among them 131 MBTs), and 253 clutter objects (i.e. in practice vehiclesized bushes). The experiments we have carried out show that the segmentation extracts all vehicles, the clutter detection removes 90% of the clutter, and the classification finds more than 95% of the MBTs as well as removes half of the remaining clutter.
On the relevance of the lift force in bubbly turbulence

Microbubble-laden homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow is investigated by using direct numerical simulation of the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations and computing the bubble trajectories with Lagrangian tracking. The bubble motion is calculated by taking into account the effect of fluid acceleration plus added mass, drag, gravity, and in particular the lift force, which had been neglected in many previous simulations. By comparing the results from simulations with and without lift, we find the effect of the lift force to be crucial: for passive bubbles, i.e. bubbles without backreaction on the flow (one-way coupling), the lift enhances the accumulation of bubbles on the downward flow side of vortices, resulting in a considerably reduced rise velocity of bubbles in turbulent flow, compared to still water. This also has consequences for the active bubble case, i.e. for bubbles with backreaction on the flow (two-way coupling): the energy spectrum of the turbulence is modified {non-uniformly}. Because of the combined effect of preferential bubble clustering in downflow zones and the local buoyant transfer, which reduces the vertical fluid velocity fluctuations, large-scale motions (small wavenumbers $k$) are suppressed. In contrast, small-scale motions (large wavenumbers $k$) are enhanced due to the local bubble forcing. The net effect turns out to be a reduction of the energy dissipation rate.
Capillary x-ray optics

X-ray optical devices based on arrays of capillaries and single tapered capillaries can focus and concentrate x rays by the reflection of near-grazing-incidence rays at the interior walls of the channels. Capillary arrays are true imaging devices and can be used as focusing, condensing,and collimating optics, suitable for x-ray microcopy and astronomy. Rays which enter channels and are reflected once or twice, via total external reflection, may be redirected towards the image. Theoretical calculations of the focusing performance of arrays consisting of capillaries of square and circular cross-section are given. Experimental investigations have been made using microchannel plate (MCP) detector blanks and various x-ray sources.
Real-time Semantic 3D Reconstruction for High- Touch Surface Recognition for Robotic Disinfection

Disinfection robots have applications in promoting public health and reducing hospital acquired infections and have drawn considerable interest due to the COVID-19 pan-demic. To disinfect a room quickly, motion planning can be used to plan robot disinfection trajectories on a reconstructed 3D map of the room's surfaces. However, existing approaches discard semantic information of the room and, thus, take a long time to perform thorough disinfection. Human cleaners, on the other hand, disinfect rooms more efficiently by prioritizing the cleaning of high-touch surfaces. To address this gap, we present a novel GPU-based volumetric semantic TSDF (Truncated Signed Distance Function) integration system for semantic 3D reconstruction. Our system produces 3D reconstructions that distinguish high-touch surfaces from non-high-touch surfaces at approximately 50 frames per second on a consumer-grade GPU, which is approximately 5 times faster than existing CPU-based TSDF semantic reconstruction methods. In addition, we extend a UV disinfection motion planning algorithm to incorporate semantic awareness for optimizing coverage of disinfection tra-jectories. Experiments show that our semantic-aware planning outperforms geometry-only planning by disinfecting up to 20% more high-touch surfaces under the same time budget. Further, the real-time nature of our semantic reconstruction pipeline enables future work on simultaneous disinfection and mapping. Code is available at: https://github.com/uiuc-iml/RA-SLAM
Mixed support for an alignment between phenotypic plasticity and genetic differentiation in damselfly wing shape

The relationship between genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity can provide information on whether plasticity generally facilitates or hinders adaptation to environmental change. Here, we studied wing shape variation in a damselfly (Lestes sponsa) across a latitudinal gradient in Europe that differed in time constraints mediated by photoperiod and temperature. We reared damselflies from northern and southern populations in the laboratory using a reciprocal transplant experiment that simulated time‐constrained (i.e. northern) and unconstrained (southern) photoperiods and temperatures. After emergence, adult wing shape was analysed using geometric morphometrics. Wings from individuals in the northern and southern populations differed significantly in shape when animals were reared in their respective native environment. Comparing wing shape across environments, we found evidence for phenotypic plasticity in wing shape, and this response differed across populations (i.e. G × E interactions). This interaction was driven by a stronger plastic response by individuals from the northern population and differences in the direction of plastic wing shape changes among populations. The alignment between genetic and plastic responses depended on the specific combination of population and rearing environment. For example, there was an alignment between plasticity and genetic differentiation under time‐constrained, but not under non‐time‐constrained conditions for forewings. We thus find mixed support for the hypothesis that environmental plasticity and genetic population differentiation are aligned. Furthermore, although our laboratory treatments mimicked the natural climatic conditions at northern and southern latitudes, the effects of population differences on wing shape were two to four times stronger than plastic effects. We discuss our results in terms of time constraints and the possibility that natural and sexual selection is acting differently on fore‐ and hindwings.
Played-again SAM: Further observations on the pitch of amplitude-modulated noise

The pitchlike sensation elicited by sinusoidally amplitude‐modulated (SAM) noise remains a controversial phenomenon. The controversy centers on two major points: (1) whether this sensation is ’’really’’ pitch rather than, e.g., roughness or intermittency, and (2) the possibility that any pitch sensation is mediated by short‐term spectral information rather than temporal information—thus nullifying an interesting aspect of the phenomenon. Three experiments employing SAM wideband noise, SAM wideband noise bandpass‐filtered after modulation, and a SAM 10 kHz pure tone were performed: (1) open‐set melody identification, (2) melodic dictation, and (3) musical‐interval adjustment. These experiments extend our earlier study [Burns and Viemeister, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 863 (1976)]. The results provide further evidence that SAM noise can, at suitable modulation frequencies, elicit a sensation of pitch (as defined by the ability to carry melodic information), and that this pitch represents a purely temporal pheno.
Robotic Auscultation over Clothes for Eliminating Gender Bias

During auscultation, patients in difficult age often feel embarrassed and uncomfortable when exposing their chests to doctors of the different gender and being touched physically by doctors. We assume that an auscultation with robot technology can address the aforementioned gender-related issue. Toward eliminating gender bias during auscultation exam, this paper proposes a robotic platform which enables to perform the automated auscultation over clothes. Our developed system is comprised of two folds: a depth image-based estimation system of the listening positions over clothes with RGB-D camera and a contact force adjustment system for minimizing the acoustic attenuation due to the clothes with a passive-actuated end-effector. Our preliminary results demonstrated the robotic platform enables to estimate the listening locations to hear the sounds of four cardiac valves over the clothes by combining the estimated skeletal structure with statistical anatomical data and acquire the maximized acoustic quality over the clothes by adjusting the contact force. The developed robotic platform has the potential to address the gender-related issues in auscultation.
EGFR Mutation-positive Lung Cancer in Real-world Treatment Outcomes: A Multicenter Study from Thailand

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) have been the standard of care as first-line (1L) therapy for patients with advanced EGFR mutated lung cancer since 2009. In Thailand, however, it was not fully introduced to all health care funds until 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the overall survival (OS) and treatment pattern in the period before EGFR-TKI became universally available to all patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at 10 medical centers in Thailand. Patients harboring the common mutation (exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R) diagnosed during January 2013 and December 2019 were enrolled. Results: This study included 284 patients with a median follow-up time of 19.8 months and a death rate of 80.3% (228/284). Clinical characteristics included median age 62.5 years, female 65.5%, never-smoking 74.3%, stage 3B/4/recurrence 2.1/93.3/4.6%, exon 19/exon 21- 60.9/38.7%. Treatment patterns to EGFR-TKI included not receiving (NR) (9.5%), first-line (1L) (56.0%), switch maintenance (MN) (3.5%), second-line (2L) (21.8%) and third-line (3L) or more (9.2%). Median OS of patient receiving EGFR-TKI as NR, 1L+MN, 2L and 3L or more was 11.10 (95%CI: 8.21 to14.00), 19.08 (95%CI: 15.76 to 22.41), 23.06 (95%CI: 15.91 to 30.21) and 32.46 (95%CI: 21.61 to 43.30) months (p=0.006), respectively. Factors contributing to poor prognosis in the multivariate model included poor ECOG-PS (HR 3.17, 95%CI: 1.96-5.13), not receiving EGFR-TKI (HR 3.83, 95%CI, 1.94-7.56) and receiving EGFR-TKI 1L (HR 2.30, 95%CI: 1.40-3.79) Conclusion: OS of patients with EGFR mutation positive lung cancer treated with EGFR-TKIs in Thailand was comparable to clinical studies. EGFR-TKI treatment should be provided to patients as early as possible, but TKI remained beneficial at later points in the treatment timeline.
An interactive activation model of speech perception

We describe a model of speech perception [based on the Interactive Activation Model of Visual Word Perception (cf. McClelland and Rumelhart, in press; Rumelhart and McClelland, in press)] in which excitatory and inhibitory interactions among nodes for phonetic features, phonemes, and words are used to account for aspects of the interaction of bottom‐up and top‐down processes in perception of speech. Results from a working computer simulation of this model are presented. Input to the program consists of specifications of distinctive features of speech as they unfold in time. Features, phonemes, and words consistent with the input are activated, missing specifications may be filled in, and slight errors may be corrected so that the “percept” formed by the simulation exhibits such phenomena as phonemic restoration and related perceptual effects. [Work supported by NSF. ]
Instability of standing waves for a weakly coupled non-linear Schrödinger system

This article discusses the weakly coupled non-linear Schrödinger equations. With the variational characterization of the ground state solutions, the potential well argument and the concavity method, we derive a sharp condition for blow-up and global existence to the solutions of the Cauchy problem. At the same time, we also prove the instability of standing waves.
Fuzzy Logic Prioritization in Halal Risk Assessment (A Case Study of Halal Chicken Supply Chain in Indonesia)

The chicken meat supply chain in Indonesia is fraught with halal risks due to a large number of involved actors. Unhandled halal risks can lead to problems that chicken status changes into non-halal. It is important to identify and prioritize the halal risks in order to identify which risks should be handled first as a preventive measure.This paper aims to assess the halal risks of the chicken supply chain using the Risk Priority Number (RPN). Fuzzy logic is implemented to reduce uncertainties and ambiguities in all degrees of halal risks. Total respondents representing halal chicken supply chain entities completed a questionnaire to assess severity, occurrence, and detection. Then the overall fuzzy RPN is calculated using Mamdani’s method. The findings reveal ten critical halal risks, with halal logo apathy among consumers being the most critical risk in the halal chicken supply chain. This paper also offers recommendations for consumers, slaughterhouses, distributors, and regulators to ensure halal chicken meat circulation.
Interpreting the Concept of Debt Based on Indonesian Patron-Client Perspective

This study aims to interpret the concept of debt based on social phenomenon on Patron-Client’s fishermen working-relationship in Pantai Sungai Bakau, Serayu, East Kalimantan. By using an interpretive paradigm, this study tries to interpret debt with a a case study research design. The data was obtained by conducting in-depth interviews with community of fishermen and fish collector (the owner of shipyard) who were the key informants. the method uses snowballing system for additional informants. The results of the interviews were grouped and data reduction was carried out before being analyzed and drawing conclusions or verification. Triangulation was also carried out with different question techniques that were asked to confirm the validity of the data to the surrounding community as additional informants. By using the triangulation technique, the researcher believes that the data obtained is valid. The results of this study found that the concept of debt have been interpreted as an obligation, family and trust relationship, and a mutually beneficial relationship on the context of Patron-Client working-relationship. Empirically, on the broader meaning of debt, debt does not only as a form of obligation between the capital owner and the recipient of capital in the context of Patron-Client’s working-relationship, but debt should also be able to make familial relationship with the element of trust between them.
On the theory of $\mathrm{KM}_{2O}$-Langevin equations for stationary flows (1): characterization theorem

In this paper, we introduce a notion of stationarity for the pair of flows in a metric vector space and characterize it in such a way that there exist two relations, called a dissipation-dissipation theorem and a fluctuation-dissipation theorem, among the KM2O-Langevin matrix associated with the pair of flows.
X-ray photoemission spectroscopy study of vertical phase separation in F8BT:PDI/ITO films for photovoltaic applications

We present a depth-resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy study of the Poly(9,9’-dioctylfluorene-cobenzothiadiazole): Perylene tetracarboxylic diimide blend (briefly, F8BT:PDI), employed for the realization of the light harvesting layer in organic photovoltaic devices. We address the problem of the vertical distribution of PDI molecules in the blend, relevant for the optimization of the photo-generated charge collection in such devices. The depth resolution is obtained by sputtering the organic layer with Ar+ ions. A thorough investigation of the effects of different sputtering treatments on the F8BT:PDI film surface is presented. Changes in the stoichiometry of the organic layer, as well as the cleavage of molecular bonds are detected, even after mild sputtering. In particular, we report about the formation of a carbon-rich surface layer. Finally, a method is proposed for the calculation of the PDI concentration, which relies on the detection of specific chemical markers and is robust against sputter-induced artifacts. As a case study, we evaluated the PDI concentration in a 10 nm thick F8BT:PDI layer spin coated on indium tin oxide.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of various nadir temperature strategies for hypothermic circulatory arrest for aortic arch surgery

Background The optimal nadir temperature for hypothermic circulatory arrest during aortic arch surgery remains unclear. We aimed to assess and compare clinical outcomes of all three temperature strategies (deep, moderate, and mild hypothermia) using a network meta-analysis. Methods After literature search with MEDLINE and EMBASE through December 2021, studies comparing clinical outcomes with deep (<20°C), moderate (20–28°C), or mild (>28°C) hypothermic circulatory arrest were included. The outcomes of interest were perioperative mortality, stroke, transient ischemia attack (TIA), acute kidney injury (AKI), postoperative bleeding, operative time, and length of hospital stay. Results Twenty-four comparative studies were identified, including 6018 patients undergoing aortic arch surgery using hypothermic circulatory arrest (deep: 2,978, moderate: 2,525, and mild: 515). Compared to deep hypothermia, mild and moderate hypothermia were associated with lower mortality (mild vs. deep: odds ratio [OR] 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.87, moderate vs. deep: OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.54–0.86). In addition, mild hypothermia was associated with lower stroke (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.28–0.89), AKI (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.15–0.88) and postoperative bleeding (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.31–0.97) compared to deep hypothermia. There was no significant difference between mild and moderate hypothermia in mortality, AKI or bleeding occurrence, while mild hypothermia was associated with shorter operative time and hospital stay. There was no significant difference in TIA rate among three groups. Conclusions Mild hypothermia was associated with overall more favorable clinical outcomes with comparable neurological complications compared to deep hypothermia. Furthermore, considering the shorter operative time and hospital stay compared with moderate hypothermia, mild hypothermia may be warranted when appropriate adjunctive cerebral perfusion is employed.
Dynamic loading characteristics of an intradural spinal cord stimulator

We have measured the forces that act on the electrode-bearing surface of an intradural neuromodulator designed to be in direct contact with the pial surface of the spinal cord, as part of our effort to develop a new method for treating intractable pain. The goal was to investigate the pressures produced by this device on the spinal cord and compare them with normal intrathecal pressure. For this purpose, we employed a dual-sensor arrangement that allowed us to measure the response of a custom-designed silicone spinal cord surrogate to the forces applied by the device. We found that the device had a mean compliance of ≈63 μN μm−1, and that over a 3 mm range of compression, the mid-span pressure it exerted on the spinal cord was ≈1.88 × 103 Pa = 14.1 mm Hg, which lies within the range of normal intrathecal pressure in humans.