Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrative biology of extracellular vesicles in diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease with increasing prevalence globally. An important aspect of diabetic pathogenesis is cellular crosstalk and information exchange between multiple metabolic organs and tissues. In the past decade, increasing evidence suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs), a class of cell-derived membrane vesicles that transmit information and perform inter-cellular and inter-organ communication, are involved in the pathological changes of insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and endothelial injury, and implicated in the development of DM and its complications. The biogenesis and cargo sorting machinery dysregulation of EVs may mediate their pathogenic roles under diabetic conditions. Moreover, the biogenesis of EVs, their ubiquitous production by different cells, their function as mediators of inter-organ communication, and their biological features in body fluids have generated great promise as biomarkers and clinical treatments. In this review, we summarize the components of EV generation and sorting machinery and highlight their role in the pathogenesis of DM and associated complications. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging clinical implications of EVs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for DM and diabetic complications. A better understanding of EVs will deepen our knowledge of the pathophysiology of DM and its complications and offer attractive approaches to improve the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these disorders.
Evaluation of the neurosurgical events with detailed demographic factors in pediatric traumas

In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of neurosurgical events in patients with childhood trauma to determine risk factors and to standardize the neurosurgical approach to pediatric trauma for reducing the request of unnecessary tomography imaging. According to the age distribution of children aged 17 and under who applied to the emergency department from Jan 2019 to Jan 2021 was examined in 3 separate groups; the infant-early childhood group (0-3 years old), the preschool group (4-7 years), and the pre-adolescence and adolescence group (8-17). Radiological images, type of trauma, neurosurgical damage of trauma (spinal, cranial) and treatment approaches were examined. The mean age of 1247 pediatric trauma patients admitted to the emergency department within two years was 7.71 ± 5.01. The most common reasons in terms of trauma etiology were found to be falling from height (61.2%), traffic accidents (26.5%), and then running into a hard object (10%). It was determined that 249 (19.3%) of the patients were consulted to the Neurosurgery department and 128 patients were hospitalized to the neurosurgery service due to spinal (n: 29) and cranial (n: 99) events. 11 of these patients were operated due to cranial, 2 to spinal events and a patient with spinal injury was followed up with conservative treatment due to SCIWORA (spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities). Although trauma is the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric age group, most of them are preventable. Computed tomography (CT) indications for pediatric head/spinal traumas are still controversial. We think that unnecessary CT usage should be avoided as much as possible, although there is a need for imaging in order not to miss the diagnosis of severe traumatic brain injury.
Determinants of SME’s Social Media Marketing Adoption: Competitive Industry as a Moderator

In light of the growing role of social media marketing in the success of businesses and its low adoption rate among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), this study aims to identify determinants of SMEs’ social media marketing adoption by considering the competitive industry as a moderator. Data were collected from 214 SMEs in Malaysia. Unlike extant literature, this study proposed a dual-stage analysis involving partial least squares (PLS) technique and artificial intelligence named deep artificial neural network (ANN). The application of deep ANN architecture is used to predict 91% of accuracy for the proposed model. The results showed that perceived relative advantage, perceived cost, top management support, perceived competitor pressure, and perceived vendor pressure have a significant impact on social media marketing adoption. Furthermore, the competitive industry moderates the effects of competitive pressure and customer pressure on social media marketing adoption. The results of the study extend the literature on social media marketing by illustrating the influence of technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) factors on social media marketing adoption among SMEs concerning the extent of industry competition. The results of the study enable policymakers and managers of SMEs to understand the factors that influence social media marketing adoption in both competitive and non-competitive industries and invest effectively in digital marketing.
Influence of Industry 4.0 technologies on corporate operation and performance management from human aspects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discover how Hungarian manufacturing companies interpret technology and human resources as driving forces and barriers in terms of Industry 4.0 implementation. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with corporate leaders and applied qualitative content analysis using Atlas.ti software. Findings The authors formulated a new definition of Industry 4.0 which emphasises the role of human factors. The authors identified driving forces (efficiency with speed/information flow/precision) and barriers (technology compatibility, human fears and lack of digital skills) in terms of Industry 4.0 implementation and developed the DIGI-TEcH performance management dimensions. Research limitations/implications Comparison with other countries is limited. Given the exploratory and qualitative nature, further quantitative research would be needed to generalise results. Finally, only manufacturing companies are examined. Practical implications It provides empirical evidence to practitioners to understand concerns about technology and human resource in terms of Industry 4.0 implementation. In addition, corporate performance management can be extended by the developed DIGI-TEcH dimensions. Originality/value This paper reveals key evidence for the uptake of technology and human factors in terms of Industry 4.0 implementation and their impacts on corporate operation and performance. It also provides an insight into a specific country context, which can be a useful benchmark for other Central and Eastern European countries.
Screening of anti‐atrophic peptides by using photo‐cleavable peptide array and 96‐well scale contractile human skeletal muscle atrophy models

Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by decreases in protein content, myofiber diameter, and contractile force generation. As muscle atrophy worsens the quality of life, the development of anti‐atrophic substances is desirable. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate a screening process for anti‐atrophic peptides using photo‐cleavable peptide array technology and human contractile atrophic muscle models. We developed a 96‐well system and established a screening process with less variability. Dexamethasone‐induced human atrophic tissue was constructed in the system. Eight peptides were selected from the literature and used for the screening of peptides for preventing the decrease of the contractile forces of tissues. The peptide QIGFIW, which showed preventive activity, was selected as the seed sequence. As a result of amino acid substitution, we obtained QIGFIQ as a peptide with higher anti‐atrophic activity. These results indicate that the combinatorial use of the photo‐cleavable peptide array technology and 96‐well screening system could comprise a powerful approach to obtaining anti‐atrophic peptides, and suggest that the 96‐well screening system and atrophic model represent a practical and powerful tool for the development of drugs/functional food ingredients.
Tobacco use and Dependence in Adolescents: A Review

Despite rising acknowledgement of the onset of tobacco smoking in children and adolescents, foundational understanding about many elements of early-life smoking behavior, as well as statistics to advocate for specific treatment approaches among children and adolescents, is inadequate. Nicotine addiction and withdrawal have been linked to continued cigarette use and difficulty stopping. When adolescents first start smoking, few expect to have trouble quitting. However, more than half of smoking teens say they try to quit every year, and fewer than 20% of those who smoke ten or more cigarettes per day say they are successful for even a month. Treatment of tobacco addiction rely mainly on the behavioral interventions as medications safety are not assessed for those less than 18 years old, so more research should be encouraged to find about the safety and availability for alternatives as behavioral intervention is not suitable alone for moderate to severe cases, Tobacco products are used by youth in a variety of ways,When smoking cessation efforts are undertaken in developed and developing nations, the wide diversity of tobacco products must be taken into consideration. This research deals with the causes of tobacco dependence among young people, diagnosis and treatment methods.
How CSR Moderates the Impact of Basic Industry and Chemicals Companies' Values in Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to see how the influence of profitability and corporate governance on firm value with or without CSR as a moderating variable. The researchers collected data on companies in the Basic Industry and Chemicals sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange by accessing the website www.idx. co.id. The population in this study consisted of 80 companies and a sample of 27 companies with a five-year research period. The research method used was quantitative, utilizing data analysis techniques based on the Partial Least Squares (PLS) model and Smart PLS software. The results showed that institutional ownership (p-value 0.064) has no effect on firm value, managerial ownership (p-value 0.462) has no effect on firm value, independent commissioners (p-value 0.836) has no effect on firm value, ROE (p-value 0.119) has no effect on firm value and the audit committee (p-value 0.012) has a positive effect on firm value, institutional ownership with CSR as a moderating variable (p-value 0.756) has no effect on firm value, managerial ownership with CSR as a moderating variable (p -value 0.141) has no effect on firm value, the audit committee with CSR as a moderating variable (p-value 0.084) has no effect on firm value, independent commissioners with CSR as a moderating variable (p-value 0.745) has no effect on firm value, ROE with CSR as a moderating variable (p-value 1.906) has no effect on firm value an, institutional ownership (P-value = 894) has no effect on CSR, managerial ownership (P-value = .361) has no effect on the audit committee CSR (P-value = .984) has no effect on CSR, Independent Commissioner (P- value = .000) has a negative effect on CSR, ROE (P-value = .001) has a negative effect on CSR, CSR (P-value = .018) has a positive effect on firm value.
The Investigation of the Relations Between Paternalistic Leadership, Organizational Creativity and Organizational Dissent

The aim of the research is to find out the relationship between the paternalistic leadership behaviours of public primary school principals and teachers’ organizational creativity and organizational dissent perception levels according to the perceptions of primary school teachers. Correlational survey method was utilized in the research. The sample of the research consists of 1059 teachers working in public primary schools selected by methods of stratified sampling method in Mardin city center and 8 districts of Mardin during 2016-2017 academic year. The data of the research were obtained by using the “Headmasters’ Paternalistic Leadership Behaviours Scale”, “Organizational Creativity Scale” and “Organizational Dissent Scale”. The data analysis revealed the following findings: There was a positive and significant correlation between the paternalistic leadership behaviours of primary school administrators and teachers’ perceptions toward organizational creativity and organizational dissent and paternalistic leadership behaviors of primary school administrators were found to be a significant predictor of teachers’ perceptions toward organizational creativity and organizational dissent. The headmasters should exhibit benevolent leadership behaviours that enchance the teachers organizational creativity perceptions, such as endeavouring to create a family milieu in school, being tolerant of teachers and supporting teachers to take the initiative.
Evaluation of the knowledge of students concerning sexually transmitted infections in Bavaria/Germany (a cross‐sectional study)

Despite numerous information sources and campaigns on sexually transmitted infections (STIs), there has been an increase in STIs in Germany in recent years. The aim was to evaluate the awareness and knowledge level among young students in Bavaria/Germany for STIs with a focus on human papilloma viruses (HPV).
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence before Delta Variant Surge, Chattogram, Bangladesh, March–June 2021

A March–June 2021 representative serosurvey among Sitakunda subdistrict (Chattogram, Bangladesh) residents found an adjusted prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies of 64.1% (95% credible interval 60.0%–68.1%). Before the Delta variant surge, most residents had been infected, although cumulative confirmed coronavirus disease incidence was low.
An Early Comprehensive Physiotherapy Approach towards Reconditioning of Patient with Empyema Thoracis: A Case Study

Pulmonary tuberculosis is considered among the most common air-borne respiratory disease. TB is found almost all over the globe but it is also curable and preventable. However, it frequently has several negative consequences on the lung, which affects the patient's exercise tolerance capacity, everyday activities, and, ultimately, quality of life. The PTB is frequently associated with various subsequent problems. Few of which are presented in this case, along with their management. The current case involves a 36-year-old girl who had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and was re-diagnosed with it, albeit with difficulties. She initially suffered pleural effusion, for which therapeutic tapping was performed, but it later progressed to empyema thoracis. She underwent thoracocentesis, which involved draining the fluid and breaking the fibrous septations, followed by the insertion of ICD drainage. Medical management was successful, but to return the patient to her normal daily routine activities without any signs of dyspnea or fatigue, a comprehensive rehabilitation program incorporating various respiratory techniques was devised, which proved to be an effective protocol in improving the patient's respiratory condition.
Three‐dimensional right ventriculo‐arterial coupling as an independent determinant of severe heart failure symptoms in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

Right ventricular‐pulmonary artery coupling (RVPAC) is a predictor of outcome in pulmonary hypertension. However, the role of this parameter in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains to be established. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of RVPAC to the occurrence of severe heart failure (HF) symptoms in patients with DCM using three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography.
Martian Dust Storms and Gravity Waves: Disentangling Water Transport to the Upper Atmosphere

Simulations with the Max Planck Institute Martian general circulation model for Martian years 28 and 34 reveal details of the water “pump” mechanism and the role of gravity wave (GW) forcing. Water is advected to the upper atmosphere mainly by upward branches of the meridional circulation: in low latitudes during equinoxes and over the south pole during solstices. Molecular diffusion plays little role in water transport in the middle atmosphere and across the mesopause. GWs modulate the circulation and temperature during global dust storms, thus changing the timing and intensity of the transport. At equinoxes, they facilitate water accumulation in the polar warming regions in the middle atmosphere followed by stronger upwelling over the equator. As equinoctial storms decay, GWs tend to accelerate the reduction of water in the thermosphere. GWs delay the onset of the transport during solstitial storms and change the globally averaged amount of water in the upper atmosphere by 10%–25%.
Secondary problems in neonatal brachial plexus dysfunction: commentary and personal opinions

Nomenclature in this condition always causes some confusion. Different names are used in different countries; some of the most common used are ‘brachial plexus birth injury’, ‘neonatal brachial plexus injury’ or ‘obstetric brachial plexus injury’. My objection is with the use of the words: ‘injury’ and ‘birth’, which make references to aetiology. Unless there are exceptional circumstances, hand surgeons are rarely present at the time of delivery and cannot determine the precise aetiology and this area should be within the professional area of obstetricians. Although rare, it is possible that intrauterine development problems of the brachial plexus have contributed to the dysfunction (Bahm, 2013) or neoplastic processes (Tan et al., 2003) invading or causing pressure on the brachial plexus. On the other hand, as hand surgeons or therapists, what we do see are children with loss of motor, sensory and autonomic functions in their upper extremities. For this reason, by staying within the boundaries of our own profession, I personally prefer to name these conditions ‘neonatal brachial plexus dysfunction’.
Natural Resource Rents-Capital Flight Nexus in Selected ECOWAS Countries: Evidence from Non-Linear ARDL Approach

The challenge of capital flight in the ECOWAS sub-region is worrisome. Huge revenue from natural resources also contributes to the relocation of available resources necessary for the development of the region. The study identifies the revenue from natural resources as a key driver of capital flight in the region. Hence, this study analyzed the effect of natural resource rents on capital flight in ECOWAS countries accounting for the role of asymmetry. Also, the study employed the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to account for short-run and long-run asymmetries. The results revealed the presence of asymmetry in five countries, while two countries displayed symmetric effects. It also showed that the symmetric effect of natural resource rents on capital flight is weak for Guinea and Nigeria in the short-run while the long-run effect is not more pronounced for Nigeria. In the case of asymmetric effect, natural resource rents amplified capital flight in Cape Verde and Sierra Leone. Further evidence shows that the non-linearity of natural resource rents does not encourage capital flight in Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, and Ghana. Hence, the countries should promote transparency and accountability in the management of proceeds from natural resources to enhance development in the region.
Cycling by Choice or Necessity?: Exploring the Gender Gap in Bicycling in Oregon

In Oregon, as in other areas of the United States, a greater percentage of men than women bicycle. This study illuminates the gender gap in bicycling by exploring differences in bicycling between women and men in Oregon. A one-day statewide travel survey of more than 30,000 adults was examined. Comparisons between individual, household, and trip and activity characteristics for people grouped by gender (women versus men) and bicycling (made a bicycle trip or normally commuted by bicycle versus did not bicycle) were assessed using chi-square tests of independence. Many significant differences were found. In particular, women who lived alone, were not working, had no high school degree or driver’s license, and lived in low-income households or zero-vehicle households were less likely to bicycle than other women. Men with similar characteristics did not exhibit the same trends; sometimes they were even more likely to bicycle. These findings are consistent with a perspective that women who bicycle are more likely to bicycle by choice, whereas women of fewer means are less likely to turn to bicycling than are their male counterparts. In addition, there was partial support for the idea that women’s roles and responsibilities may contribute to this deficit (that is, for household maintenance and escorting but not necessarily for the presence of children). The study’s results begin to suggest a rethinking of bicycle-promoting policies and interventions to target certain women better, although further research is needed to understand bicycling’s gender gap more fully.
Evaluating the Risk Factors of Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review Study

: Diabetes is a chronic, underlying, and common disease worldwide that imposes an enormous burden on the health system. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication in the eye caused by diabetes and may lead to visual impairment and blindness. The knowledge about the risk factors of DR is critical for the prevention of disease and developing treatment options. Moreover, DR is a multifactorial disease, and many studies have demonstrated various risk factors associated with it, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, etc. In this review study, we survey the main risk factors of the development and progression of DR.
Stress conditions promote Leishmania hybridization in vitro marked by expression of the ancestral gamete fusogen HAP2 as revealed by single-cell RNA-seq

Leishmania are protozoan parasites transmitted by the bite of sand fly vectors producing a wide spectrum of diseases in their mammalian hosts. These diverse clinical outcomes are directly associated with parasite strain and species diversity. Although Leishmania reproduction is mainly clonal, a cryptic sexual cycle capable of producing hybrid genotypes has been inferred from population genetic studies and directly demonstrated by laboratory crosses. Experimentally, mating competence has been largely confined to promastigotes developing in the sand fly midgut. The ability to hybridize culture promastigotes in vitro has been limited so far to low-efficiency crosses between two Leishmania tropica strains, L747 and MA37, that mate with high efficiency in flies. Here, we show that exposure of promastigote cultures to DNA damage stress produces a remarkably enhanced efficiency of in vitro hybridization of the L. tropica strains and extends to other species, including Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania braziliensis, a capacity to generate intra- and interspecific hybrids. Whole-genome sequencing and total DNA content analyses indicate that the hybrids are in each case full genome, mostly tetraploid hybrids. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the L747 and MA37 parental lines highlights the transcriptome heterogeneity of culture promastigotes and reveals discrete clusters that emerge post-irradiation in which genes potentially involved in genetic exchange are expressed, including the ancestral gamete fusogen HAP2. By generating reporter constructs for HAP2, we could select for promastigotes that could either hybridize or not in vitro. Overall, this work reveals that there are specific populations involved in Leishmania hybridization associated with a discernible transcriptomic signature, and that stress facilitated in vitro hybridization can be a transformative approach to generate large numbers of hybrid genotypes between diverse species and strains.