Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hosszabb kar vagy nagyobb fül? A kiterjesztett én fogyasztói dimenziói

2000-ben azt a kerdest tettuk fel, hogy mit jelent az, hogy "mobiltelefon nelkul az ember . " - hogyan erezheti magat. Mar akkor azt a valaszt kaptuk, hogy "elveszett ember a haverok nelkul az ejszakaban", "kez es ful nelkuli" valaki. Kutatasainkat 2000 ota szamos alkalommal (2006, 2007, 2008) megismeteltuk, arra kerdesre keresve a valaszt, hogy a felgyorsult technologiai valtozasok, melyek főkent a telekommunikacioban nyilvanulnak meg, mit jelentenek az egyen szamara, mennyire kepes alkalmazkodni, mennyire tudja az eszkozoket es a tartalmakat a sajat igenyei szerint elsajatitani es kihasznalni. Kutatomunkank soran olyan kvalitativ kutatasi technikakat alkalmaztunk, mint a narrativak, blogok, befejezetlen mondatok elemzese, vagy a photo elicitation technika. Eredmenyeink azt mutatjak, hogy a ma kommunikacios eszkozei, mint peldaul a mobiltelefon vagy a hordozhato szamitogep az egyen kepessegeinek kiterjesztői: okosabb, gyorsabb es akar attraktivabba valik tőle az egyen, vagyis e szemelyre szabhato technikai eszkozei a ma emberenek, enjenek kiterjesztői, mely konstrukcio a nemzetkozi irodalomban extended self (Belk, 1988) fogalomkent szerepel. Cikkunkben bemutatjuk a kiterjesztett en fő pszichologiai hatteret es ramutatunk igen erős jelenletere a telekommunikacios fogyasztoi termekek kapcsan.
Induced Genetic Variations in Stomatal Density and Size of Rice Strongly Affects Water Use Efficiency and Responses to Drought Stresses

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop relied upon by billions of people worldwide. However, with increasing pressure from climate change and rapid population growth, cultivation is very water-intensive. Therefore, it is critical to produce rice that is high-yielding and genetically more water-use efficient. Here, using the stabilized fast-neutron mutagenized population of Jao Hom Nin (JHN) - a popular purple rice cultivar - we microscopically examined hundreds of flag leaves to identify four stomatal model mutants with either high density (HD) or low density (LD) stomata, and small-sized (SS) or large-sized (LS) stomata. With similar genetic background and uniformity, the stomatal model mutants were used to understand the role of stomatal variants on physiological responses to abiotic stress. Our results show that SS and HD respond better to increasing CO2 concentration and HD has higher stomatal conductance (gs) compared to the other stomatal model mutants, although the effects on gas exchange or overall plant performance were small under greenhouse conditions. In addition, the results of our drought experiments suggest that LD and SS can better adapt to restricted water conditions, and LD showed higher water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass/plant than other stomatal model mutants under long-term restricted water treatment. Finally, our study suggests that reducing stomata density and size may play a promising role for further work on developing a climate-ready rice variety to adapt to drought and heat stress. We propose that low stomata density and small size have high potential as genetic donors for improving WUE in climate-ready rice.
Contribution of Sex Differences to HIV Immunology, Pathogenesis, and Cure Approaches

Approximately 38 million people were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 2020 and 53% of those infected were female. A variety of virological and immunological sex-associated differences (sexual dimorphism) in HIV infection have been recognized in males versus females. Social, behavioral, and societal influences play an important role in how the HIV pandemic has affected men and women differently. However, biological factors including anatomical, physiologic, hormonal, and genetic differences in sex chromosomes can each contribute to the distinct characteristics of HIV infection observed in males versus females. One striking example of this is the tendency for women to have lower HIV plasma viral loads than their male counterparts early in infection, though both progress to AIDS at similar rates. Sex differences in acquisition of HIV, innate and adaptive anti-HIV immune responses, efficacy/suitability of specific antiretroviral drugs, and viral pathogenesis have all been identified. Sex differences also have the potential to affect viral persistence, latency, and cure approaches. In this brief review, we summarize the major biological male/female sex differences in HIV infection and their importance to viral acquisition, pathogenesis, treatment, and cure efforts.
Lexical Bundles in Chemistry Research Articles

The purpose of this corpus-based study was to investigate whether different sections in chemistry research articles, i.e., abstract, introduction, and results and discussion, rely on different sets of lexical bundles. Lexical bundles, associated with the above sections, were extracted from a corpus of 4 million words, comprising 1,185 chemistry research articles, using WordSmith Tools 5.0, and were categorized according to their functions. Altogether, 197 key bundles were identified in the three sections of chemistry research articles, 15 in the abstract, 99 in the introduction, and 83 in the results and discussion section. Two functions also emerged for lexical bundles in chemistry research articles, including purpose-oriented bundles, which refer to the aim/aims of the study; and literature-oriented bundles, which are used to refer to the literature. Altogether, the results showed that various sections in chemistry RAs are associated with specific sets of lexical bundles and, as such, deal with different rhetorical functions.
Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Adaptation to US Midwest Agroecosystems

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is one of the most troublesome agronomic weed species in the United States. Palmer amaranth is prevalent in the Southern Great Plains and the Southeastern United States, and its range is expanding northward through natural dispersal and human intervention. Palmer amaranth dispersal warrants studies assessing species adaptation into new geographies. A study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the morphology, flowering, and gender from cohorts of Palmer amaranth growing under corn, soybean, and bareground across five locations in the Midwest United States. Results demonstrated that the first cohort of Palmer amaranth, established in June, produced 42% more biomass than plants from the second cohort (established in July). The first Palmer amaranth cohort produced 75.5 g plant-1 in bareground, 28.3 g plant-1 in soybean, and 16.3 g plant-1 in corn, whereas the second Palmer amaranth cohort produced 62.6, 6.3, and 1.4 g plant-1 in bareground, soybean, and corn, respectively. Palmer amaranth height was most impacted when growing in corn and averaged 85.2 cm tall in the first cohort, and 38.2 cm tall in the second cohort in corn. Moreover, Palmer amaranth flowering window shifted according to crop and cohort timings. Palmer amaranth growing in intense competition, such as under low light in corn, resulted in the longest flowering window. Palmer amaranth gender was slightly influenced by day of year, weight, and height. We documented a high degree of plasticity in Palmer amaranth, which will presumably favor its adaptation and expansion in cropping systems north of its current range. Therefore, preventing Palmer amaranth dispersal into new habitats is the most effective management strategy.
Dynamic Effective Connectivity Patterns During Rapid Face Stimuli Presentation in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

In individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), perceptual appearance distortions may be related to imbalances in global vs. local visual processing. Understanding the mechanistic brain effects of potential interventions is crucial for rational treatment development. The dorsal visual stream (DVS) is tuned to rapid image presentation, facilitating global/holistic processing, whereas the ventral visual stream (VVS), responsible for local/detailed processing, reduces activation magnitude with shorter stimulus duration. This study tested a strategy of rapid, short-duration face presentation on visual system connectivity. Thirty-eight unmedicated adults with BDD and 29 healthy controls viewed photographs of their faces for short (125 ms, 250 ms, 500 ms) and long (3000 ms) durations during fMRI scan. Dynamic effective connectivity in DVS and VVS was analyzed. BDD individuals exhibited weaker connectivity from occipital to parietal DVS areas than controls for all stimuli durations. Short compared with long viewing durations (125 ms vs. 3,000 ms and 500 ms vs. 3,000 ms) resulted in significantly weaker VVS connectivity from calcarine cortex to inferior occipital gyri in controls; however, there was only a trend for similar results in BDD. The DVS to VVS ratio, representing a balance between global and local processing, incrementally increased with shorter viewing durations in BDD, although it was not statistically significant. In sum, visual systems in those with BDD are not as responsive as in controls to rapid face presentation. Whether rapid face presentation could reduce connectivity in visual systems responsible for local/detailed processing in BDD may necessitate different parameters or strategies. These results provide mechanistic insights for perceptual retraining treatment designs.
Psychometric Properties of the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (German Version)

Mindfulness-based training programs are highly established in competitive and recreational sports. One of the best-known approaches is the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment Approach (MAC) by Gardner and Moore), which integrates mindfulness aspects of awareness, non-judgmental attitude, and focus. Based on these aspects, Thienot and colleagues developed and validated an English language sport-specific questionnaire, the so-called Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS), for the assessment of mindfulness skills in athletes. The aim of this study is to psychometrically test a German language version of the MIS (MIS-D). To assess the psychometric properties, the MIS-D was examined in an online survey with an integrated test–retest design (n = 228) for reliability (internal consistency; test–retest reliability), validity (factorial; convergent), and measurement invariance (gender; competition type). The present results support the psychometric quality of the German language version of the MIS. Necessary replications should among others focus on checking the measurement invariance for further relevant subgroups.
Coordination Between Partial Robotic Exoskeletons and Human Gait: A Comprehensive Review on Control Strategies

Lower-limb robotic exoskeletons have become powerful tools to assist or rehabilitate the gait of subjects with impaired walking, even when they are designed to act only partially over the locomotor system, as in the case of unilateral or single-joint exoskeletons. These partial exoskeletons require a proper method to synchronize their assistive actions and ensure correct inter-joint coordination with the user’s gait. This review analyzes the state of the art of control strategies to coordinate the assistance provided by these partial devices with the actual gait of the wearers. We have analyzed and classified the different approaches independently of the hardware implementation, describing their basis and principles. We have also reviewed the experimental validations of these devices for impaired and unimpaired walking subjects to provide the reader with a clear view of their technology readiness level. Eventually, the current state of the art and necessary future steps in the field are summarized and discussed.
NLRP6 Serves as a Negative Regulator of Neutrophil Recruitment and Function During Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an invasive pathogen with high morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised children and elderly. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) plays an important role in the host innate immune response against pathogen infections. Our previous studies have shown that NLRP6 plays a negative regulatory role in host defense against S. pneumoniae, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The further negative regulatory role of NLRP6 in the host was investigated in this study. Our results showed that NLRP6−/− mice in the lung had lower bacterial burdens after S. pneumoniae infection and expressed higher level of tight junction (TJ) protein occludin compared to WT mice, indicating the detrimental role of NLRP6 in the host defense against S. pneumoniae infection. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes related to leukocytes migration and recruitment were differentially expressed between wild-type (WT) and NLRP6 knockout (NLRP6−/−) mice during S. pneumoniae infection. Also, NLRP6−/− mice showed higher expression of chemokines including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and 2 (CXCL2) and lower gene expression of complement C3a receptor 1 (C3aR1) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) which are the factors that inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils. Furthermore, NLRP6−/− neutrophils showed increased intracellular bactericidal ability and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during S. pneumoniae infection. Taken together, our study suggests that NLRP6 is a negative regulator of neutrophil recruitment and function during S. pneumoniae infection. Our study provides a new insight to develop novel strategies to treat invasive pneumococcal infection.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression Vs. Open Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for the Treatment of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

Background Endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion is a new technology that is mostly used for single-segment and unilateral lumbar spine surgery. The purpose of this study is to introduce percutaneous endoscopic posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PE-PLIF) with unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) for lumbar spondylolisthesis and evaluate the efficacy by comparing it with open posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). Methods Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in PE-PLIF with the ULBD group and the open PLIF group. The perioperative data of the two groups were compared to evaluate the safety of PE-PLIF with ULBD. The visual analog scale (VAS) back pain, VAS leg pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores of the two groups preoperatively and postoperatively were compared to evaluate clinical efficacy. Preoperative and postoperative imaging data were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the operation. Results No differences in baseline data were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). The operation time in PE-PLIF with the ULBD group (221.2 ± 32.9 min) was significantly longer than that in the PLIF group (138.4 ± 25.7 min) (p < 0.05), and the estimated blood loss and postoperative hospitalization were lower than those of the PLIF group (p < 0.05). The postoperative VAS and ODI scores were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05), but the postoperative VAS back pain score in the PE-PLIF group was significantly lower than that in the PLIF group (p < 0.05). The excellent and good rates in both groups were 96.4% according to MacNab’s criteria. The disc height and cross-sectional area of the spinal canal were significantly improved in the two groups after surgery (p < 0.05), with no difference between the groups (p > 0.05). The fusion rates in PE-PLIF with the ULBD group and the PLIF group were 89.3% and 92.9% (p > 0.05), respectively, the cage subsidence rates were 14.3% and 17.9% (p > 0.05), respectively, and the lumbar spondylolisthesis reduction rates were 92.72 ± 6.39% and 93.54 ± 5.21%, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion The results from this study indicate that ULBD can be successfully performed during PE-PLIF, and the combined procedure is a safe and reliable treatment method for lumbar spondylolisthesis.
The Potential Association of Delayed T Lymphocyte Reconstitution Within Six Months Post-Transplantation With the Risk of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Severe Aplastic Anemia Recipients

Background Delayed immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is significantly associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The aim of this study was to observe the recovery trend of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins in HSCT recipients who developed CMV retinitis (CMVR). Methods We identified 37 CMVR cases and 303 non-CMVR controls in this case-control study from a database of 404 consecutive severe aplastic anemia patients who received allogeneic HSCT at a single center between 2015 and 2020. We analyzed the transplant outcomes and immune reconstitution principles with a focus on lymphocyte CD series and immunoglobulin series within the first year post-HSCT. Results Thirty-seven patients (55 eyes) were diagnosed with CMVR, with a mean onset time of 155 days post-HSCT. Among the 37 patients, one never had CMV detected in his blood but had a high CMV load in his intraocular fluid at the time of CMVR diagnosis. In the controls, 195 had CMV viremia and 108 did not. Compared with controls, CMVR cases had a longer duration of CMV viremia and a higher peak number of CMV load. T lymphocyte subsets including CD3, CD4 and CD8 were significantly lower in CMVR cases within six months after HSCT (all p < 0.05). Immunoglobulins also showed a slower recovery trend in CMVR cases. The recovery of B lymphocytes and natural killer cells exhibited no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions It is not enough to develop fundus screening strategies by merely relying on the CMV serostatus of recipients. Dynamic and continuous monitoring of T lymphocyte subsets, especially within six months post-HSCT, as well as serum immunoglobulin levels, can provide assistance with screening program of CMVR in HSCT recipients with severe aplastic anemia.
The Impact of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive, Pathological and Metabolic Markers in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Brain degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be exacerbated by aberrant metabolism. Supplementation with probiotic bacteria is emerging as a promising preventative strategy for both neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we assess the impact of the Lab4b probiotic consortium on (i) cognitive and pathological markers of AD progression and (ii) metabolic status in 3xTg-AD mice subjected to metabolic challenge with a high fat diet. The group receiving the probiotic performed better in the novel object recognition test and displayed higher hippocampal neuronal spine density than the control group at the end of the 12 weeks intervention period. These changes were accompanied by differences in localised (brain) and systemic anti-inflammatory responses that favoured the Probiotic group together with the prevention of diet induced weight gain and hypercholesterolaemia and the modulation of liver function. Compositional differences between the faecal microbiotas of the study groups included a lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and less numbers of viable yeast in the Probiotic group compared to the Control. The results illustrate the potential of the Lab4b probiotic as a neuroprotective agent and encourage further studies with human participants.
Dynamics of Thermolysis and Skin Microstructure in Water Buffaloes Reared in Humid Tropical Climate—A Microscopic and Thermographic Study

The thermolytic capacity test is used to assess the adaptability of animals to existing environmental conditions. However, there is insufficient information on the relationship between histomorphometry and adaptability of buffaloes. Thus, this study aimed to assess the use of thermolysis pathways by buffaloes reared in a hot and humid environment so as to understand the relationships between environment, skin morphological characteristics, and heat storage, as well as the intensity and proportionality of use of its ways of dissipating heat to maintain homeothermy. The heat tolerance test, associated with the evaluations via infrared thermography, was applied to 10 female Murrah buffaloes and tegument histomorphometry was carried out. The animals exhibited very high heat tolerance with an average of 9.66 ± 0.21 and used thermal polypnea as the main heat dissipation pathway. Their mean skin thickness was 6.03 ± 1.16 mm and the active sweat and sebaceous gland tissue were 1.57 ± 0.38% and 1.08 ± 0.39%, respectively. The buffaloes exhibited a positive correlation between eyeball temperature and internal body temperature (r = 0.84523, p < 0.0001) and a negative correlation between respiratory rate and skin thickness (r = −0.73371, p = 0.0157). The high thermolytic capacity in shade conditions confirms the importance of access to shade in buffalo rearing systems in tropical regions.
The Influence of Innovation Climate on Creative Role Identity: The Mediating Role of Flow

Creative role identity is an important antecedent of innovative behaviors. Both the mechanism of how external factors and individual factors affect the formation of creative role identity and details of this process have yet to be discovered. Based on data collected from 226 students in 6 classes at a university in Guangdong during the development of innovative projects, the influence of innovation climate on the students’ creative role identity, especially the mediating effect of flow, was investigated. The results show that the innovation climate has a positive impact on creative role identity and that flow plays a partial mediating role in this relationship.
Long Term Metabolic Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Patients With Heart Failure Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Real Life Study

Sacubitril/Valsartan (sac/val) has improved clinical prognosis in patients affected by heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). HF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently coexist, with a prevalence of T2DM of 35%–40% in patients with HF. T2DM is the third co-morbidities in patients with HF and a strong independent risk factor for the progression of HF. In a post hoc analysis of PARADIGM-HF, improved glycemic control was shown in patients with T2DM and HFrEF receiving sac/val compared to enalapril at 12 months of follow-up. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in a series of repeated observations in 90 HFrEF patients, the long term effect of sac/val treatment on renal function, glycometabolic state and insulin sensitivity parameters, according to diabetic status. We studied 90 patients (74 men and 16 women, mean age 68 ± 10 years, 60 diabetics and 30 non-diabetics) suffering from HFrEF and still symptomatic despite optimal pharmacological therapy. Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35% and II-III NYHA functional class were enrolled. All patients underwent clinical-instrumental and laboratory determinations and Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire (MLHFQ) every 6 months until 30 months to evaluate benefits and adverse events. After 30 months follow-up, we observed a significant improvement in glycometabolic parameters including HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), HOMA index, and LDL cholesterol. Moreover, renal function, NTpro-BNP levels and echocardiographic parameters significantly improved. In diabetic patients a significant reduction in use of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin was observed after 30 months of sac/val treatment. In the whole population, multivariate analysis shows that the evolution of cardiac index (CI) was significantly associated to simultaneous changes in HOMA, IGF-1 and visit; per each visit and for 1 ng/ml increase in IGF-1 there was an increase in CI of 64.77 ml/min/m2 (p < 0.0001) and 0.98 ml/min/m2 (p = 0.003), respectively, whereas 1 point increase in HOMA was associated with a −7.33 ml/min/m2 (p = 0.003) reduction in CI. The present data confirm persistent metabolic improvement in patients with HFrEF after treatment with sac/val and highlights its potential therapeutical role in patients with metabolic comorbidities.