Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SINGLE OR MULTIPLE

Plasma estrogen and progesterone levels were studied in cows bearing one or more embryos during pregnancies that ended either normally or by abortion. Different pregnancy rates were obtained by administering 800 or 1,600 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin to cows fed either a low or high energy ration. With an increasing dose of gonadotrophin, increases were observed in the percentage of animals responding, the ovulation rate and the variability in individual response. In calving cows bearing more than one embryo, the levels of progesterone and of estradiol-l7B were consistently higher during pregnancy than in calving cows bearing only one embryo. The concentration of estrone was also increased in the former group but only during the first trimester. In multi-ovulating cows that aborted, the high progesterone levels found at day l0 after mating were soon followed by a marked decrease: this forecast the abortion which always occurred, although often at a much later date; estrone levels tended to be lower in aborting cows than in calving cows, although there was considerable variation between individual patterns. Estradiol-17B levels were also low in aborting cows, and the gradual increase throughout pregnancy that was characteristic of calving cows was always absent. These results show that early in pregnancy in cows that are to abort the progesterone secretion cannot be maintained and that estradiol, although it is less abundant than estrone, is a better indicator of the physiological state of pregnancy. Les taux plasmatiques de progest6rone et d'oestrogdnes ont 6t6 mesur6s chez des
Highly potent antimicrobial peptide derivatives of bovine cateslytin

Antimicrobial peptides are potentially valuable antibiotics. More research is required to turn these compounds into viable therapeutics. Herein, a novel highly potent antimicrobial peptide is presented as a tool to study antimicrobial peptides. Antibacterial activity in the low micromolar range, low haemolytic activity and excellent serum stability were observed.
A simple, inexpensive method for cleaning diatoms

Diatom frustules are rapidly and inexpensively cleared of protoplasts using commercially available bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite). A comparison of periphyton subsamples cleaned by the bleach method described, and the standard nitric acid/potassium dichromate method, showed little difference in the extent to which frustules are disjoined (hypotheca from epitheca). A community analysis of subsamples showed no differences in taxa or disappearance of small forms when comparing the two methods. No sample heating, subsequent treatment, or fume hoods are required for this procedure. Traditionally, diatom cleaning techniques have involved the use of strong acids, alone or in combination with chemical agents, to dissolve protoplast material. Van Heurck (1896) reviewed methods used by nineteenth century diatomists; his own procedures involved use of either boiling nitric acid, or boiling sulfuric acid with added potassium chlorate. He cautioned that the nitric acid emits harmful fumes, but with the latter method there is risk of explosion. In the more recent literature, hot sulfuric acid with added potassium dichromate (Patrick & Reimer, 1966) and boiling nitric acid with potassium dichromate (American Public Health Association, 1981) are recommended to clear diatom frustules. Heating of either acid requires use of a fume hood or other ventilating device. The technique using hydrogen peroxide and potassium dichromate or potassium permanganate (Werff, 1955) was proposed as an alternative to the acid cleaning methods. This method, however, involves a sometimes violent reaction. In addition, hydrogen peroxide is relatively expensive to use when numerous samples are involved. A more thorough review of modern diatom cleaning techniques is given by Ma & Jeffery (1978). Commercially available bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite) has been used by others to clear aquatic plant leaves to enable direct microscopic viewing of periphytic assemblages (Carter, 1982) and to clear zooplankton for identification of their gut contents (Infante, 1978). In this paper, we describe a onestep cleaning method to clear diatom frustules using bleach, followed by a succession of rinsings and decantations, which produces material equivalent to This method was developed for use in a study of Missouri River periphyton supported by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Contract DACW45-83-C-0206 to G. L. Hergenrader. Verification of diatom taxa at the Diatom Herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was made possible through McHenry Funds awarded to J. Carr by the Academy. Assistance and encouragement by Dr. Charles W. Reimer of the Academy of Natural Sciences and G. A. Cunningham is gratefully acknowledged. 2 Present address: Department of Forest Resources, 110 Green Hall, 1530 North Cleveland Ave., St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, U.S.A. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC. , 105(2): 152-157. 1986. Copyright, 1986, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.110 on Wed, 14 Dec 2016 05:02:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms VOL. 105, NO. 2, APRIL 1986
Apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, cell invasion and BSA-binding studies in vitro of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes

Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes show high anticancer activity, and can induce apoptosis. Herein, a new ligand AQTP (AQTP = 12-acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxalin-9-yl-4,5,9,14-tetraazabenzo[b]triphenylene) and its four ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(N-N)2(AQTP)](ClO4)2 (N-N = dmb: 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine 1; bpy: 2,2′-bipyridine 2; phen: 1,10-phenanthroline 3 and dmp: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline 4) were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxic activity in vitro of the complexes against BEL-7402, A549, HeLa, HepG2, MG-63 and normal cell HLF was investigated using the MTT method (MTT = (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)). The apoptosis was assayed with AO/EB and Hoechst 33258 staining methods. The ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential and autophagy were studied using a fluorescent microscope. The expression of caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins was investigated by western blot analysis. The IC50 values of complexes 1–4 toward A549 cells are 5.0 ± 0.8, 10.0 ± 0.7, 45.0 ± 1.4 and 3.8 ± 0.1 μM. The complexes can increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induce a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Complexes 1–4 inhibit cell growth at the G0/G1 phase in A549 cells, and the complexes can induce both autophagy and apoptosis, and the complexes induce apoptosis through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
Reproduction and population dynamics of Perinereis cultrifera (Polychaeta: Nereididae) of the Atlantic coast, El Jadida, Morocco

Reproduction et dynamique de population de Perinereis cultrifera (Polychaeta: Nereididae) de la cote atlantique, El Jadida, Maroc. Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840) est une espece commune le long de la cote Atlantique d'El Jadida (Maroc). Des investigations sur la reproduction et la dynamique de population ont ete effectuees de novembre 2003 a octobre 2004. Des echantillons mensuels ont ete preleves dans la zone intertidale a maree basse. La reproduction chez la population etudiee est de type atoque. La ponte chez les femelles a lieu du debut avril jusqu'a la fin du mois de mai et peut contenir jusqu'a 4947 oeufs. La biomasse (poids sec) moyenne annuelle de la population est de 9,4 g.m -2 , avec une production secondaire annuelle de 21,5 g.m -2 et un rapport P/B de 2,3 an -1 . L'Algorithme EM a ete utilise pour la separation des cohortes.
Studies on fluidized bed drying of peas

Pre-treated and fluidized-bed-dried pea samples, showed that the drying air temperature, volume of air, weight of sample and pre-treatments affected the drying characteristics and quality. Unblanched, water-blanched and alkali-blanched pea samples dried in a fluidized-bed-drier (Endecots, UK) at speed of 6, using sample weight of 350 g at varied drying temperatures i.e. 100°C, 120°C and 140°C showed the best results in terms of dehydration characteristics. Dried pea samples were rehydrated, chemically analysed and organoleptically evaluated to assess the product quality in terms of vitamin C retention. Higher the drying temperature, more were the vitamin C losses. The equilibrium moisture content of dehydrated pea samples was dependent on both pre-treatments as well as temperature of drying. Sensory evaluation of rehydrated pea samples showed that the scores varied with the pre-treatments and temperature of drying. Peas can be dehydrated using FBD 2000 at speed of 6 and 140°C. Alkali treatment did not have any added advantage over water blanching.
The Mechanism by Which Aphids Adhere to Smooth Surfaces

1.The adhesive force acting between the adhesive organs and substratum for a number of aphid species has been studied. In the case of Aphis fabae , the force per foot is about 10 μN. This is much the same on both glass (amphiphilic) and silanized glass (hydrophobic) surfaces. The adhesive force is about 20 times greater than the gravitational force tending to detach each foot of an inverted aphid. 2.The mechanism of adhesion was considered. Direct van der Waals forces and viscous force were shown to be trivial and electrostatic force and muscular force were shown to be improbable. An adhesive force resulting from surface tension at an air-fluid interface was shown to be adequate and likely. 3.Evidence was collected that the working fluid of the adhesive organ has the properties of a dilute aqueous solution of a surfactant. There is a considerable reserve of fluid, presumably in the cuticle of the adhesive organ.
Effect of foliar spray of nutrients on productivity of greengram (Vigna radiata) in North Eastern transitional zone of Karnataka, India.

Crop productivity in greengram being low in North eastern transitional zone of Karnataka a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2012 and 2013 at Agricultural Research Station, Bidar, UAS, Raichur. Among different sources of nutrients, foliar spray of 19:19:19 (1 %) followed by panchagavya (5 %) at flower initiation stage recorded significantly higher grain yield (1121 and 1105 kg ha-1, respectively) of greengram compared to other treatments. Control treatment recorded the lowest yield (734s kg ha-1) among all. Foliar spray of 19:19:19 also recorded higher net returns (Rs. 35828/-) and benefit cost ratio (5.0).
COMBINATION OF ULTRAVIOLET-C IRRADIATION AND BIOCONTROL TREATMENTS TO CONTROL DECAY CAUSED BY PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM IN ´WASHINGTON NAVEL´ ORANGE FRUIT

The combination of the yeast Candida oleophila strain '13L' with ultraviolet-C irradiation evidenced a synergistic effect in reducing P. digitatum mould and only 11% of the artificially inoculated wounds were infected. Adversely, when the bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain 'B160' was combined with ultraviolet-C irradiation no synergistic effect was achieved. By using only yeast, bacteria or ultraviolet-C treatments the decay percentage was reduced by 79.6, 55 and 75%, respectively. The phytoalexin scoparone accumulation was high in all treatments where UV-C was applied but the highest values were found when combined with the yeast. Population growth of bacteria in vivo was halved when fruit was irradiated, whereas direct irradiation of bacteria did not affect their growth in vitro. An inhibitory effect of the phytoalexin toward the bacteria is suggested as the reason for the growth inhibition in vivo when the bacterial treatment was combined with UV-C irradiation.
Nutrients and phytoplankton in the Babadillimani Bight, northeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey

Phytoplankton taxa and abundance were determined and nutrients and chlorophyll a were measured in the Babadillimani Bight located in the northeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Sampling was performed four times between the period of 1999 and 2000. The concentration of, PO 4 -P, NO 3 +NO 2 -N and [Si(OH) 4 ]-Si in surface water varied in the range of <0.01-0.22 μM, 0.37-1.23 μM and 0.52-2.02 μM, respectively. Surface water phytoplankton abundance reached the highest level (572.4 × 10 2 cells 1 -1 ) in March mainly due to the increase of a diatom, Skeletonema costatum. It reached the lowest level in August (3.36 × 10 2 cells 1 -1 ). Chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.1 μg 1 -1 to 0.87 μg 1 -1 in surface water. Nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass of the research area were found poorer than those of the many other coastal areas in the region and the other world oceans. Although the study was performed in a coastal area, the results reflect the oligotrophic nature of the eastern Mediterranean.
EFFECT OF BIO-INOCULATION, COMPOST AND FARMYARD MANURE ADDITION ON COMMON BEAN PLANT

Field trial was conducted during season 2010 at Itay El-Baroud Center Bohera Governorate, to study the effect of bio-inoculation of common bean ( phaseolus vulgaris L ,) cv. Montano (a one of export variety) with Rhizobium phaseoli, Thiobacillus thioparus and Bacillus megatherium v. phosphaticum with or without organic manure as comparison between (Farmyard manure and compost by rate 10m 3 /fedd. of each). Also soil was amended with agricultural sulfur and milled rock phosphate 50kg/fedd. as separately or combined treatments. Plant characteristics were measured as means of true nodule formation numbers, plant heights, no. of pods, fresh and dry weights of each character as well as NPK content of whole plant treatment. The obtained results revealed the positive effect of combined treatments then separately. Organic manure combined with three bacterial inoculants as well as soil amendments by sulfur and milled rock phosphate gave the best results compared with the other treatments. However, compost treatments as combined were better than farmyard manure. Also NPK of whole plant contents was higher amount due to combined treatments than separately. From these results could be of value as for productivity and reduction of pollution recommended that application of a bio-organo-fertilizer for common bean production.
Reproductive reorganization in incomplete groups of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) under labaratory conditions

Incomplete groups of Callithrix jacchus which exclusively consist of genetically related members show a rather considerable frequency of inbreeding. Therefore, the incest taboo seems to be realized at a very low level, eventually due to the laboratory environment. C. jacchus daughters are able to conceive in the presence of their mother. This result confirms to some extent the previous assumption upon a hierarchy dependent monogamy in the common marmoset. The reproductive reorganization of groups which have genetically unrelated members exclusively relies on these animals.
Recovery following defoliation involves shifts in allocation that favour storage and reproduction over radial growth in black oak

Carbon allocation to growth, storage, reproduction and the effects of stress and disturbances on these processes remain poorly understood in trees. Non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) are an important component of the carbon storage pool and are commonly used to assess whether tree growth under various conditions is carbon limited. Carbon limitation is generally assumed to result in reduced NSC levels and allocation, but changes in allocation priorities that favour NSC storage could also limit carbon available for growth. We defoliated six mature oak trees in June 2010 and explored how defoliation affects the relationship between radial growth and net NSC storage, estimated by the seasonal increase in NSC concentration, for several years. We interpret our results in the context of a conceptual model of allocation – developed here – to help understand how allocation changed following defoliation. We also monitored flower and acorn production in 2011, as changes in reproduction could also affect allocation to growth and storage. Defoliation reduced radial growth for 3 years. Stemwood starch levels and storage were also generally reduced, although not as consistently as growth. In contrast, root collar NSC storage was significantly greater in defoliated trees, allowing below‐ground stores to recover to control levels by November 2011. Defoliation had mixed effects on reproduction in 2011: production of second‐year acorns (initiated before defoliation) was not significantly affected, but there was complete cessation of flower production. Defoliation also changed the relationship between NSC allocation and growth in the 2 years following defoliation, indicating a shift in allocation favouring storage. According to our conceptual model, the positive relationship between growth and NSC allocation indicates that the allocation shifts occurred under carbon‐limiting conditions. We, therefore, propose that growth can be carbon limited by two different means: (i) a decrease in plant carbon availability and (ii) allocation shifts that reduce the priority of growth relative to other processes such as storage. Prioritizing storage over both growth and reproduction may be a strategy to protect against further disturbance or stress following storage depletion. Synthesis. Recovery following defoliation can involve substantial shifts in how trees allocate carbon between different functions, with carbohydrate storage and already initiated reproduction cycles being favoured relative to growth and new reproductive cycles.
tRN-A-RS Acts As Biomarker for Cancer and Other Diseases

Background: tRNA and ARS, tRN-A-RS, pivot the translational machinery. How their aberrances correlate to diseases, neurological conditions, metabolic disorders, and cancer is the purpose of this study. Methods: Information was retrieved from the literature and from databases, such as OMIM and MITOMAP, related to disease and cancer. Changes of expressions of ARSs were assessed from analyzing NGS data available from TCGA, ENCODE and lately from roadmap epigenomics. Results: A total of 647 tRNAs and 37 ARSs reside in the genomic pool of human, aberrant expressions of some of the nuclear tRNAs and cytoplasmic ARSs correlate predominately to cancer, while anomalous pathways in mitochondria relate more to other diseases. tRNA fragments juggle between tumor suppressor and oncogenic pathways. Brain cancer and neurological disorders seem to gain impetus from translation machinery components. However, investigation of the causes of the diseases particularly cancer due to the aberrations continues to be hamstrung by the lack of deep sequencing reads of tRNAs in different cell lines, and this needs to be addressed. Conclusions: Increased cell proliferation requires elevated protein synthesis levels and makes the correlation between tumour cells and deregulated tRN-A-RS components in translation plausible. We draw the network of tRN-A-RS with cancer and other diseases, and present and expand on some of the hypotheses on the underlying molecular mechanisms, opening up new avenues for research.
Analysis of Ring Recoveries of European Turtle Doves Streptopelia turtur — Flyways, Migration Timing and Origin Areas of Hunted Birds

Abstract. Knowledge about flyways, breeding and overwintering sites is important for conservation efforts, but little is known about migration patterns and population connectivity of declining European Turtle Doves Streptopelia turtur. EURING ring-recovery data were used to estimate directions and proportional usage of flyways. The timing of migration was compared along these routes and breeding origins of shot individuals were determined. Ring recoveries of Czech, Hungarian, British, German and French birds suggested three main flyways with westerly, central and easterly directions. The proportional usage was estimated by multinomial mark-recovery models. Major parts of French (62%), German (92%) and British (94%) Turtle Doves followed a western flyway. Czech birds used the central route (56%) and 55% of Hungarian birds followed the eastern flyway. Thus, a migratory divide between the Czech Republic and Germany could be suggested. The timing of migration showed a similar latitudinal pattern of migration along all flyways. Birds were at the breeding grounds in June and July and from September to April in their southernmost distribution ranges. Outward migration started in August. Return migration was still evident in May. The majority of reported hunted doves were from the 1960s and 1970s. High hunting numbers were present in September, April and May. France and Spain mainly shot birds from the UK and France. In Italy predominantly Italian birds were shot. Doves shot in Greece mostly came from the Czech Republic. Given the decreasing population numbers, large ringing numbers seem unlikely in the future. Thus, low recovery numbers in recent decades parallel both, the population decrease and a lower ringing activity.
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (syn. Acetobacter diazotrophicus), a promising diazotrophic endophyte in tropics

Endophytes are plant-associated prokaryotes that form association with their host plants by colonizing the internal tissues, which has made them valuable for agriculture as a tool in improving crop performance. Although the interaction between endophytes and host plants has not been fully understood, many bacterial species are reported to promote plant growth and the mechanism attributed includes nitrogen fixation, production of growth-promoting substances and increased resistance to pathogens and parasites. They have been reported from numerous plant species including sugarcane. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (syn. Acetobacter didzotrophicus) - sugarcane association represents a model system for monocot-diazotrophic associations. This allows experimentation to answer questions pertaining to their establishment, colonization process, biological nitrogen fixation, growth promotion, etc. The main objective of this review is to summarize the recent works on this bacterium with special emphasis on its interaction with sugarcane. The topics being covered range from the sources of G. diazotrophicus, its classification and characteristics, genetic analysis, in planta colonization and detection, inoculation experiments with suggestions for future research.
Selection of superior genotypes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through combining ability analysis.

Combining ability analysis was studied in a line x tester analysis of rice ( Oryza sativa L.). The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that the variance due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the characters indicated that non additive gene actions were involved in the expression of the traits. Among the line AURC 14 and testers IR 64 and ADT 43 were considered as the best general combiners, while hybrids AURC 1 x ADT 36, AURC 8 x ADT 36, AURC 8 ADT 43,AURC10xADT 43,AURC 14 xADT 36,AURC 14 x TRY1, AURC 22 x IR 64, AURC 22 x TRY 1 and AURC 25 x ADT 36 as good specific combiners for grain yield and other yield contributing and quality traits. The promising line AURC 14 and testers IR64 and ADT43 which are having high GCA effects in desirable direction for yield components and for quality traits may be incorporated in crossing programme. The crosses AURC 14 x TRY 1 and AURC 22 x IR 64 exhibited good SCA effects for major yield and more than seven yield contributing characters. This may be exploited for better yield and quality either by exploiting them through heterosis breeding or involving them in multiple cross breeding programme.