Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The developmental regulation of local and descending control of dorsal horn neurons in the rat

Neonatal responses to peripheral cutaneous sensory stimuli appear hyperexcitable compared to those of the adult, at both behavioural and cellular levels. Little is known, however, of the mechanisms involved in the maturation of this sensory circuitry over the postnatal period. I hypothesise that the excitability of neonatal networks is due to immature local and descending inhibitory control of spinal circuits. To test this I have examined the maturation of descending and local inhibitory spinal circuitry using immunohistochemical staining in the dorsal horn, in vivo electrophysiological recordings of dorsal horn neurons and stimulation of brainstem descending pathways. Firstly, I mapped the development of spinal glycinergic circuitry over the first three postnatal weeks using immunohistochemical staining of glycinergic terminals and receptors. Results show a clear shift in expression pattern from deep dorsal horn staining of both glycinergic terminals and receptors in the neonate, to selective expression in lamina III by the third postnatal week. I then characterised the functional development of glycinergic inhibition of spinal sensory pathways at a cellular level using in vivo extracellular recordings of dorsal horn neurons in neonatal and adolescent rats in the presence of the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine. Results illustrate an absence of glycinergic inhibition of sensory stimuli until postnatal day 21 and a facilitatory role of glycine in the transmission of low-threshold stimuli in the neonatal spinal cord. Finally, I examined the descending influence of the rostroventral medulla on dorsal horn neuronal activity over postnatal development. Results indicate that the influence of descending control shifts dramatically from predominantly excitatory in early development, to predominantly inhibitory at a later stage in life. In conclusion, there is significant postnatal modulation of segmental and descending influences on spinal networks in the postnatal period, both of which are likely to contribute to the maturation of cutaneous sensory spinal processing.
The Effectiveness of Collaborative-Based Learning Models to Increase Self-Efficacy and Positive Attitudes of Primary Teacher Education Students towards Inclusive Education in Yogyakarta

: This study attempts to develop a collaborative-based learning model that can increase self-efficacy and positive attitudes of Primary Teacher Education students toward inclusive education in Indonesia. This study is intended to provide an understanding to the students who are also teacher candidates. The understanding is about the importance of positive attitudes and teaching abilities, which in this study are limited in self-efficacy. The present study employed the Research and Development (R & D) research model. The research participants were elementary school teachers who teach in inclusive schools and 54 students. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to analyze the data. Mann– Whitney U test was used to determine changes in students’ self-efficacy and attitudes before and after learning activities. The results indicate a significant difference in self-efficacy with p sig < 0.05. The t-test result is 0.119. As the t count is greater than the t table (0.119 > 0.05), it indicates that there is no significant difference. Hence, it can be inferred that there is no statistically significant difference in developing a collaborative-based lecture model aimed at enhancing self-efficacy and fostering favorable attitudes among students towards inclusive education in Yogyakarta.
Brain–computer interfaces for communication with nonresponsive patients

A substantial number of patients who survive severe brain injury progress to a nonresponsive state of wakeful unawareness, referred to as a vegetative state (VS). They appear to be awake, but show no signs of awareness of themselves, or of their environment in repeated clinical examinations. However, recent neuroimaging research demonstrates that some VS patients can respond to commands by willfully modulating their brain activity according to instruction. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) may allow such patients to circumvent the barriers imposed by their behavioral limitations and communicate with the outside world. However, although such devices would undoubtedly improve the quality of life for some patients and their families, developing BCI systems for behaviorally nonresponsive patients presents substantial technical and clinical challenges. Here we review the state of the art of BCI research across noninvasive neuroimaging technologies, and propose how such systems should be developed further to provide fully fledged communication systems for behaviorally nonresponsive populations. Ann Neurol 2012;72:312–323
Transformers versus LSTMs for electronic trading

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, long short term memory (LSTM), one kind of recurrent neural network (RNN), has been widely applied in time series prediction. Like RNN, Transformer is designed to handle the sequential data. As Transformer achieved great success in Natural Language Processing (NLP), researchers got interested in Transformer's performance on time series prediction, and plenty of Transformer-based solutions on long time series forecasting have come out recently. However, when it comes to financial time series prediction, LSTM is still a dominant architecture. Therefore, the question this study wants to answer is: whether the Transformer-based model can be applied in financial time series prediction and beat LSTM. To answer this question, various LSTM-based and Transformer-based models are compared on multiple financial prediction tasks based on high-frequency limit order book data. A new LSTM-based model called DLSTM is built and new architecture for the Transformer-based model is designed to adapt for financial prediction. The experiment result reflects that the Transformer-based model only has the limited advantage in absolute price sequence prediction. The LSTM-based models show better and more robust performance on difference sequence prediction, such as price difference and price movement.
Effect of Feeding Modality on Interstage Growth Following Stage I Palliation : A Report From the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative

Objectives—Achieving adequate growth following stage 1 palliation for children with single ventricle heart defects often requires supplemental nutrition through enteral tubes. Significant practice variability exists between centers in choice of feeding tube. The impact of feeding modality on growth of single ventricle patients following stage 1 palliation was examined using the multi-institutional National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative data registry. Methods—Characteristics of patients were compared by feeding modality, defined as oral only, nasogastric tube only, oral and nasogastric tube, gastrostomy tube only, and oral and gastrostomy tube. The impact of feeding modality on change in weight for age z-score during the interstage period, from stage 1 palliation discharge to stage 2 palliation, was evaluated by multivariable linear regression, adjusting for important patient characteristics and post-operative morbidities. © 2014 The American Association For Thoracic Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Corresponding author: Garick Hill, 9000 W Wisconsin Ave Milwaukee WI 53226, Work phone (414) 266-5789 Home phone (414) 462-3159 Fax (414) 266-3712, GHill@chw.org. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 October 01. Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 October ; 148(4): 1534–1539. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs. 2014.02. 025. N IH -P A A uhor M anscript N IH -P A A uhor M anscript N IH -P A A uhor M anscript Results—In this cohort of 465 patients, all groups demonstrated improved weight for age z-score during the interstage period with a mean increase of 0.3 ± 0.8. In multivariable analysis, feeding modality was not associated with differences in the change in weight for age z-score during the interstage period (p=0.72). Risk factors for poor growth were a diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (p=0.003), vocal cord injury (p=0.007) and lower target caloric goal at discharge (p=0.001). Conclusions—In this large multicenter cohort, interstage growth improved for all groups and did not differ by feeding modality. With appropriate caloric goals and interstage monitoring, adequate growth may be achieved regardless of feeding modality and therefore local comfort and complication risk should dictate feeding modality.
Capacity: Cryptographically-Enforced In-Process Capabilities for Modern ARM Architectures

In-process compartmentalization and access control have been actively explored to provide in-place and efficient isolation of in-process security domains. Many works have proposed compartmentalization schemes that leverage hardware features, most notably using the new page-based memory isolation feature called Protection Keys for Userspace (PKU) on x86. Unfortunately, the modern ARM architecture does not have an equivalent feature. Instead, newer ARM architectures introduced Pointer Authentication (PA) and Memory Tagging Extension (MTE), adapting the reference validation model for memory safety and runtime exploit mitigation. We argue that those features have been underexplored in the context of compartmentalization and that they can be retrofitted to implement a capability-based in-process access control scheme. This paper presents Capacity, a novel hardware-assisted intra-process access control design that embraces capability-based security principles. Capacity coherently incorporates the new hardware security features on ARM that already exhibit inherent characteristics of capability. It supports the life-cycle protection of the domain's sensitive objects - starting from their import from the file system to their place in memory. With intra-process domains authenticated with unique PA keys, Capacity transforms file descriptors and memory pointers into cryptographically-authenticated references and completely mediates reference usage with its program instrumentation framework and an efficient system call monitor. We evaluate our Capacity-enabled NGINX web server prototype and other common applications in which sensitive resources are isolated into different domains. Our evaluation shows that Capacity incurs a low-performance overhead of approximately 17% for the single-threaded and 13.54% for the multi-threaded webserver.
Hallazgo de vertebrados fósiles en la Formación Loncoche, Cretácico superior de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina

The discovery of a rich assemblage of fossil vertebrates in the lower section of the Loncoche Formation in Ranquil-Co, southern Mendoza province, Argentina, is reported herein. This assemblage cornprises fishes, amphibians and reptiles. The fishes include Rajiformes indet. , d. Atractosteus sp. (Lepisosteidae, Semionotiformes), Percodei indet. (Perciformes) and Ceratodus sp. (Ceratodontidae, Dipnoi). The amphibians include ? Leptodactylidae indet. (Anura). The reptiles are represented by Chelidae indet. (Chelonii), Boidae indet. (Serpentes), Theropoda indet. and Titanosauria indet. (Saurischia). and Plesiosauria indet. The remains were found in a tidal paleoenvironment; this accounts for transportation, mixing and deposition of continental animal remains mixed with those from near coastal environments. This agrees with our sedimentological interpretation of the Loncoche Formation. Similar stratigraphic units from northern Patagonia (e.g. Allen and Los Alamitos Formations) record a progressive marine transgression up to the end of the Cretaceous and show similar paleovertebrate assernblages. In particular, the Loncoche fauna is similar to that described from the Los Alamitos Forrnation (Rio Negro Province); this suggests a tentative late Campanian to early Maastrichtian age. This age is in agreement with that indicated by micropaleontological data in both units.
Single cell profiling of COVID-19 patients: an international data resource from multiple tissues

of biological processes. Early foundational work within the single-cell community, including the Human Cell Atlas, utilized published and unpublished data to characterize the putative target cells of SARS-CoV-2 sampled from diverse organs based on expression of the viral receptor ACE2 and associated entry factors TMPRSS2 and CTSL (Muus et al., 2020; Sungnak et al., 2020; Ziegler et al., 2020). This initial characterization of reference data provided an important foundation for framing infection and pathology in the airway as well as other organs. However, initial community analysis was limited to samples derived from uninfected donors and other previously-sampled disease indications. This report provides an overview of a single-cell data resource derived from samples from COVID-19 patients along with initial observations and guidance on data reuse and exploration. SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets
Demystifying the evaluation of brands endorsed by religious leaders in the emerging markets

Purpose - This paper uses social identity theory to investigate the sequential mediating effects of extrinsic religiosity and perceived role of religious leaders in the impact of consumers’ intrinsic religiosity on perceived value of brands endorsed by religious leaders. Design/ methodology/ approach - Two survey-based studies with urban consumers in two emerging markets, India (N=303) and Indonesia (N=150). Findings - Intrinsic religiosity has a direct positive effect on extrinsic religiosity, which in turn mediates the effect of intrinsic religiosity on the perceived value of the brands endorsed by religious leaders in both India and Indonesia. However, extrinsic religiosity has a significant positive effect on the perceived value of these brands through the perceived role of religious leaders in India but not in Indonesia. Research limitations/ Implications - Samples for both the studies are drawn from urban consumers in India and Indonesia, which also have large rural populations. Hence, future research may use both urban and rural samples from other countries to replicate our results. Practical implications - Our findings may help both local and global brand managers in the emerging markets with religious societies, such as India and Indonesia, to understand how they may use endorsements by religious leaders to manage the differences in the impact of consumers’ intrinsic versus extrinsic religiosity on their brand perceptions and evaluations. Originality/value - This paper extends social identity theory to the international marketing context by showing that religious consumers in the emerging markets are likely to support the brands endorsed by religious leaders vis-à-vis other national or multi-national brands. Thus, religious identification offers a unique sacred worldview and unlimited group membership, unlike other social groups, especially in the highly religious emerging markets.
Internet Marketing: Strategy, Implementation and Practice

PART I: INTERNET MARKETING FUNDAMENTALS 1. Introducing Internet marketing 2. The Internet micro-environment 3. The Internet macro-environment PART II: INTERNET STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT 4. Internet marketing strategy 5. The Internet and the marketing mix 6. Relationship marketing using the Internet PART III: INTERNET MAKKETING: IMPLEMENTATION & PRACTICE 7. Delivering the online customer experience 8. Campaign planning for digital media 9. Marketing communications using digital media channels 10. Evaluation and improvement of digital channel performance 11. Business-to-consumer Internet marketing 12. Business-to-business Internet marketing
Impact of hyporheic zones on nutrient dynamics

Riverine sediments play a fundamental role within the fluvial system, since they represent potential removal zones of stream-borne pollutants and, in particular, nutrients derived by anthropogenic activities. The region of sediments where the exchange and mixing of surface and subsurface waters occurs is the hyporheic zone. This region is also a place of intense biogeochemical activity, influencing both the flora and the fauna living in the fluvial environment. In the last decades several works were focused either on the water exchanges or the biochemical reactions in the hyporheic zone but just few considered the interactions of both hydraulic and biochemical processes. In this thesis the reactive transport of oxygen and the most common water-borne nutrients (i.e., dissolved organic carbon, nitrate and ammonium) in a duned streambed is investigated. In particular, a numerical model is employed to simulate the flow field, the biogeochemical reactions and the solute spatial distribution in the hyporheic zone. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to study the influence of different hydrological and chemical properties of the system on the net solute fluxes across the streambed. Finally, the effect of sediment heterogeneity on substance reaction rates and, specifically, on nitrate source/sink role played by the sediments is also analyzed for a rippled streambed
Biogeochemical processes in the Northeast Atlantic continent-ocean Boundary (Nothern Galician Rias, NW Iberian Peninsula)

This doctoral thesis deals with the biogeochemical processes taking place in estuarine systems known as 'rias', located at the NW of the Iberian Peninsula. Its realization has been possible thanks to financial support from the JAE-Program of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF), and the ‘INTERESANTE' project, funded by the CICYT. Additionally, it is a contribution to the Spanish LOICZ program (Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone). An oceanographic characterization of the Northern Galician Rias is presented in Chapter 2. This chapter also involves an extensive analysis of summer upwelling and downwelling processes, winter shelf-water upwelling, and poleward intrusion in the northern Galician shelf. Chapter 3 deals with the fluvial contributions to the Northern Galician Rias, including the quantification of major and minor chemical elements (nutrient salts, trace elements) in the dissolved and particulate matter, chlorophyll-a, DIN, PON, DOC, POC and C/N ratio. In Chapter 4 the sediment-water fluxes of nutrients in a ria coastal systems are discussed. Fluxes driven by molecular diffusion and advective transport across sediment-water interfaces during tidal flooding for the Northern Galician Rias are calculated. Chapter 5 focuses on the hydrological, chemical and biological interactions in the Northern Galician Rias, exemplified by the case of the Ria of Barqueiro, identifying their oceanographic periods in relation to nutrient availability, primary production, phytoplankton biomass, taxonomic composition and hydrographic patterns.
in focal

Purpose: FDG-PET is an established tool in presurgical epilepsy evaluation, however, it is most often used selectively in patients with discordant MRI and EEG results. Interpretation is complicated by the presence of multiple or remote hypometabolism, which casts doubt on the true localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and might have a predictive value for surgical outcome. In the current study, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of PET localization prospectively in a consecutive unselected cohort of patients with focal epilepsy undergoing in-depth presurgical evaluation. Methods: 130 patients between 2006 and 2015 matched our inclusion criteria, of which 86 were operated (72% with favorable surgical outcome, Engel class I). We determined areas of focal hypometabolism using statistical parametric mapping and evaluated concordance with MRI, EEG or intracranial EEG. In the operated patient group, we used postsurgical outcome as gold standard for correctness of localization (minimum follow-up of 12 months). Results: PET sensitivity and specificity were both 95% in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE; N=86) and 80% and 95% in extratemporal epilepsy (ETLE; N=44), respectively. Significant extratemporal hypometabolism was observed in 17 TLE cases (20%). Among patients with ETLE (n=44), temporal hypometabolism was observed in eight patients (18%). Among operated patients (N=86), 26 (30%) had hypometabolism extending beyond the SOZ. The presence of unilobar hypometabolism, included in the resection, was predictive of complete seizure control (p=0.007), with an odds ratio of 5.4. Conclusions : In this group of non-selected patients with focal epilepsy, additional hypometabolic areas can be found in one out of five patients, including cases with “simple” lesional epilepsy, and should prompt further in-depth evaluation of the correlation between EEG-findings, semiology and PET. Hypometabolism confined to the epileptogenic zone as defined by EEG and MRI is associated
Organic Production and Use of Alternative Crops

INTRODUCTION What is Organic Agriculture? Organic Food Multifunctionality of Organic Agriculture Organic Crop Production Contribution of Organic Agriculture to the Conservation of Alternative Crops and their Utilization Development References CEREALS Spelt Einkorn Emmer Kamut Triticale Intermediate Wheatgrass References PSEUDOCEREALS (WITHOUT MILLETS) Buckwheat Quinoa Grain Amaranths Wild Rice References MILLETS Proso Millet Foxtail, Foxtail Millet Pearl Millet Finger Millet White Fonio Barnyard Millet Little Millet References ALTERNATIVE OIL PLANTS Oil (Seed) Pumpkins Camelina Safflower White Mustard (Garden) Poppy References ALTERNATIVE FIBER, ROOT, AND TUBER CROPS Industrial and Edible-Seed Hemp Flax Jerusalem Artichoke Sweet Potato References LEGUMES Chickpea Groundnut Soybean: Small Attention to the Important Crop Vigna: A Few Words about a Widely Spread Genus References SOME TRADITIONAL AND NEW KINDS OF FOOD FROM SOME ALTERNATIVE CROPS Homemade Food from Buckwheat Homemade Food from Amaranths Homemade Food from Millet References Index
Which Individual Characteristics are Associated with Academic Entrepreneurship? Evidence from Estonia

This study aims to find out how academic workers’ characteristics are associated with their ownership in firms. It is based on quantitative data for the whole population of academic staff from Estonian public universities. Variables portraying age, academic field, professorship, number of publications and research grants are applied in analysing academic workers having ownership in firms. The results indicate that being a professor, having Science as the primary academic field, and a larger number of publications increase the likelihood of academic ownership while a larger number of grants decreases it. The age of academic worker is not a significant determinant of the likelihood of academic ownership.