Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Integration of Multiple Stimulus Features by V1 Neurons

We investigated how V1 neurons integrate two stimulus features by presenting stimuli from a stimulus set made up of all combinations of eight different directions of motion and nine binocular disparities. We investigated the occurrence and shape of the resulting joint tuning function. Among V1 neurons, ∼80% were jointly tuned for disparity with orientation or direction. The joint tuning function of all jointly tuned neurons was separable into distinct tuning for disparity on the one hand, and orientation or direction tuning on the other. The degree of separability and the mutual information between the stimulus and the firing rates were strongly correlated. The mutual information of jointly tuned neurons when both features were decoded together was highly correlated with the mutual information when the two features were decoded separately, and the information was then summed. Jointly tuned neurons were just as good at representing information about single features as neurons tuned for only a single feature. The tuning properties of most jointly tuned neurons did not dynamically evolve over time, nor did jointly tuned neurons respond earlier than neurons tuned for only a single feature. The response selectivity of V1 neurons is low and decreases the information that a neuron represents about a stimulus. Together these results suggest that distinct stimulus features are integrated very early in visual processing. Furthermore, V1 generates a distributed representation through low response selectivity that avoids the curse of dimensionality by using separable joint tuning functions.
Network Information Theory

A system with many senders and receivers contains many new elements in the communication problem: interference, cooperation and feedback. These are the issues that are the domain of network information theory. The general problem is easy to state. Given many senders and receivers and a channel transition matrix which describes the effects of the interference and the noise in the network, decide whether or not the sources can be transmitted over the channel. This problem involves distributed source coding (data compression) as well as distributed communication (finding the capacity region of the network). This general problem has not yet been solved, so we consider various special cases in this chapter. Examples of large communication networks include computer networks , satellite networks and the phone system. Even within a single computer, there are various components that talk to each other. A complete theory of network information would have wide implications for the design of communication and computer networks. Suppose that m stations wish to communicate with a common satellite over a common channel, as shown in Figure 14.1. This is known as a multiple access channel. How do the various senders cooperate with each other to send information to the receiver? What rates of communication are simultaneously achievable? What limitations does interference among the senders put on the total rate of communication? This is the best understood multiuser channel, and the above questions have satisfying answers. In contrast, we can reverse the network and consider one TV station sending information to m TV receivers, as in Figure 14.2. How does the sender encode information meant for different receivers in a common 374 Elements of Information Theory
Crowdfunding from the perspective of young people

Research aims: This study aims to identify the dominant factors that make young people interested in joining or using crowdfunding platforms.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was conducted using the topic method or text analysis with the Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach. Data in the study were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 201 respondents who were young people aged 19 to 22 years.Research findings: The results of this study revealed that the dominant factors attracting young people to use crowdfunding include web technology, ease of use, high rate of return, transparency, and legality. The results of this study indicate that convenience is the primary attraction for young people in transactions. Theoretical contribution/Originality: The results of this study offer indicators that can be used to measure, in particular, the usability variables of web-based crowdfunding platforms in TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). These indicators encompass the amount of return, clarity of business fields and objectives, and transaction security. As for the variables of ease of use, among others, clarity of navigation and information on the web makes users comfortable.Practitioner/Policy implication: The findings of this study imply that Web 2.0 has become a suitable way of interacting with young people. Hence, crowdfunding platform websites need to be designed to support ease of transactions. However, accountability, transparency, clarity of effort, reciprocity, and legality can be effective campaign methods to attract young people to contribute to crowdfunding. Research limitation/Implication: This study used researchers' judgment to interpret the meaning and the relationship between keywords in sentences submitted by respondents in questionnaires.
Genetic variance in age‐related changes in running performance and growth during adolescence: A longitudinal twin study

The purpose of this study was to assess an effect of genotype on the patterns of age‐related changes in running performance and physical growth during adolescence. The total sample was 14 pairs of male and 25 pairs of female monozygotic (MZ) twins and 19 pairs of male and 15 pairs of female dizygotic (DZ) twins. Performance on the 50‐m dash and endurance run (1,500 m for boys and 1,000 m for girls, respectively) and stature and body mass were measured at yearly intervals from 12 to 17 years of age. A principal component analysis was applied to the longitudinal data, and within‐pair resemblance in the scores on the first, the second, and the third principal components was compared between MZ and DZ twins. The analysis was conducted with both sexes pooled because of the limited number of twin pairs. The first two principal components explained at least 87% of the total variance, while the third principal component (PC3) explained a smaller portion of the total variance (more than 5%) in the dash and the endurance run. However, the total variance was explained almost entirely (more than 96%) by the first two components in height and mass. The first principal component (PC1), which explained 67–84% of the total variance, was a good indicator of average performance/body size of individuals during the period of observation. The second (PC2) and the third components (PC3) could be considered as indicators of the “shape” of developmental/growth curves, which were not related to inter‐individual differences in the average performance/body size. Intraclass correlations (ri) of the scores on PC1 were consistently higher for MZ than for DZ twins, and estimated genetic variance was significant in endurance run, stature and body mass. The situation was the same for the scores on PC2 and/or PC3. However, such a between‐genotype difference in ri and a significant genetic variance were not observed in the dash. It was concluded that MZ twins are more similar in the patterns of age‐related changes in the performance of endurance run and physical growth during adolescence than DZ twins, suggesting a genetic contribution, while there was no evidence of a genetic contribution in the dash. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:71–80, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
60-GHz Wideband Radio Channel Sounder

This paper describes a developed wideband millimeter-wave radio channel sounder, which is based on the previously developed 2- and 5-GHz channel-sounder concept. Performance is analyzed, and examples of measurements, analysis, and comparison to lower frequencies are given. The sounder enables wideband (3-dB bandwidth of 100 MHz) measurements with continuous phase and excellent link budged without a cable connection between the transmitter and the receiver.
ANCHORING DISTORTIONS COUPLED WITH PLANE COUETTE & POISEUILLE FLOWS OF NEMATIC POLYMERS IN VISCOUS SOLVENTS: MORPHOLOGY IN MOLECULAR ORIENTATION, STRESS & FLOW

The aim of this work is to model and simulate processing-induced heterogeneity in rigid, rod-like nematic polymers in viscous solvents. We em- ploy a mesoscopic orientation tensor model due to Doi, Marrucci and Greco which extends the small molecule, liquid crystal theory of Leslie-Ericksen-Frank to nematic polymers. The morphology has various physical realizations, all coupled through the model equations: the orientational distribution of the ensemble of rods, anisotropic viscoelastic stresses, and ∞ow feedback. Pre- vious studies in plane Couette & Poiseuille ∞ow (with the exception of (7)) have focused on the coupling between hydrodynamics and the orientational distribution of rigid rod polymers with identical anchoring conditions at solid boundaries; without ∞ow, the equilibrium structure is homogeneous. Here we explore steady structures that emerge with mismatch anchoring conditions at the walls, which couple an equilibrium elastic distortion across the channel, short and long range elasticity potentials, and hydrodynamics. In plane Cou- ette (where moving plates drive the ∞ow) and Poiseuille ∞ow (where a pressure gradient drives the ∞ow), in the regime of weak ∞ow and strong distortional elasticity, asymptotic analysis yields closed-form steady solutions and scaling laws with identical wall conditions. We focus simulations in this regime to expose the efiects due to wall anchoring con∞icts, and illustrate the induced morphology of the orientational distribution, stored viscoelastic stresses, and non-Newtonian ∞ow. A remarkably simple diagnostic emerges in this physical parameter regime, in which salient morphology features are controlled by the amplitude and sign of the difierence in plate anchoring angles of the director fleld at the two plates.
A 60 GHz Cascode Variable-Gain Low-Noise Amplifier With Phase Compensation in a 0.13 $\mu{\rm m}$ CMOS Technology

A 60 GHz variable-gain low-noise amplifier (LNA) with varactor-based phase compensation is developed using a 0.13 CMOS process. Based on the analysis of the phase variation during the gain control in the cascode-FET unit cell, a simple varactor-based phase compensation method is proposed. A linear bias control scheme for the gate of the common-source FET and the cathode of nMOS varactor at the gate of common-gate FET results in the phase compensation between the two FET's in the cascode cell. The gain control range is also expanded with the proposed approach. The fabricated variable-gain LNA (VG-LNA) shows a small phase variation of 5 ^ over a gain control range of 13 dB.
A novel miniaturized and wideband microstrip antenna based on metamaterials

A novel miniaturized and wideband antenna based on metamaterials has been proposed and comprehensively investigated numerically and experimentally. The electromagnetic coupled complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) etched in the ground plane is used to miniaturize the size and broaden the operation bandwidth. The proposed antenna with a compact layout of 20mm × 24mm yields a wide bandwidth of 4.03 GHz (2.96 GHz-7 GHz) and 1.51 GHz (8.36 GHz-9.84 GHz). It is infrequent to achieve the wide bandwidth and well gain in such a small antenna size, predicting promising applications in wireless communication systems.
Laser-scanning based tomato plant modeling for virtual greenhouse environment.

In this thesis, a new methodology o f tomato plants structural model (SM) construction is presented. The methodology is based on the concepts from 3D reconstruction modeling methods, integrated with modem laser scanners and CAD tools to result in an architecturally accurate and human maniplable tomato plant model reflecting crop growth and management over time. A laser scanner is used for plant measurement and the resulting data are intelligently simplified. Critical data is extracted and exported to a CAD system as reference points to form a parametric model construction. A 2D comer detection algorithm is developed and applied for reference point extraction in 3D scans. A hierarchical structure is used to decompose the tomato plants into weekly-growthsections (WGS) to relate age with plant growth geometry and solving occlusion and complexity problems. A mathematical plant growth model is developed to define geometry and topology o f the plant components, WGS and the plant as a whole. Key W ords: Tomato Plant Modelling, CAD, Parametric model, Point cloud, Rule-based plant model, 3D reconstruction, Laser scanning, comer detection
Dynamic Changes in Workflow Participant Assignment

Workflow management systems (WFMSs) need to adapt dynamic process modifications. In current WFMSs the scope of dynamic modifications is mainly focused on control flow while other dynamic aspects, such as workflow participant assignment (WPA), are neglected. In this paper an approach to adapt dynamic modification in WPA is presented. The approach extends the meaning of WPA that is proposed by the Workflow Management Coalition. The extension covers dynamic aspects and express complex relationships between control, audit and relevant data. On basis of the new definition a WPA Language (WPAL) is proposed. WPAL is a programming interface, which makes it possible to assign dynamically workflow participants. WPAL is implemented in OfficeObjects WorkFlow and deployed in several major customers of the Rodan Systems. The paper presents implementation results.
Distributed and Private Group Management

Group management is a fundamental building block of today's Internet applications. Mailing lists, chat systems, collaborative document editing, even well established online social networks such as Twitter and Facebook also use group management systems. In many cases, group security is required to restrict access and visibility of data in a group only to members of the group. Some applications also require privacy by keeping group members anonymous and unlinkable. Group management systems routinely rely on a central authority that manages and controls the infrastructure and data of the system. This can negatively impact the privacy and scalability properties of the system. In this paper, we propose a completely distributed approach for group management based on distributed hash tables. Enrollment to the system is not controlled by any central authority. Anyone can create groups and principals, and a various set of applications can share existing groups. In this paper, we describe a novel decentralized system for group management, address various security and privacy issues that arise by removing the central authority, and formally validate the security properties using AVISPA. We demonstrate the feasibility of this protocol by implementing a prototype running on top of Vuze's DHT.
The square root law of steganographic capacity

There are a number of recent information theoretic results demonstrating (under certain conditions) a sublinear relationship between the number of cover objects and their total steganographic capacity. In this paper we explain how these results may be adapted to the steganographic capacity of a single cover object, which under the right conditions should be proportional to the square root of the cover size. Then we perform some experiments using three genuine steganography methods in digital images, covering both spatial and DCT domains. Measuring detectability under four different steganalysis methods, for a variety of payload and cover sizes, we observe close accordance with a square root law.
Developmental Decrease in NMDA Receptor Desensitization Associated with Shift to Synapse and Interaction with Postsynaptic Density-95

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play a crucial role in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and excitotoxicity; therefore, regulation of NMDAR function is important in both physiological and pathological conditions. Previous studies indicate that the NMDAR-mediated synaptic current decay rate increases during development because of a switch in receptor subunit composition, contributing to developmental changes in plasticity. To test whether NMDAR desensitization also changes during development, we recorded whole-cell NMDA-evoked currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We found that glycine-independent desensitization of NMDARs decreases during development. This decrease was not dependent on a switch in subunit composition or differential receptor sensitivity to agonist-, Ca2+-, or Zn2+-induced increase in desensitization. Instead, several lines of evidence indicated that the developmental decrease in desensitization was tightly correlated with synaptic localization of the receptor, suggesting that association of NMDARs with proteins selectively expressed at synapses in mature neurons might account for developmental alterations in desensitization. Accordingly, we tested the role of interactions between PSD-95 (postsynaptic density-95) and NMDARs in regulating receptor desensitization. Overexpression of PSD-95 reduced NMDAR desensitization in immature neurons, whereas agents that interfere with synaptic targeting of PSD-95, or induce movement of NMDARs away from synapses and uncouple the receptor from PSD-95, increased NMDAR desensitization in mature neurons. We conclude that synaptic localization and association with PSD-95 increases stability of hippocampal neuronal NMDAR responses to sustained agonist exposure. Our results elucidate an additional mechanism for differentially regulating NMDAR function in neurons of different developmental stages or the response of subpopulations of NMDARs in a single neuron.
Estimation of daily vegetation coefficients using MODIS data for clear and cloudy sky conditions

ABSTRACT Spatially distributed vegetation coefficients () data with high temporal resolution are in demand for actual evapotranspiration estimation, crop condition assessment, irrigation scheduling, etc. Traditional remotely sensed based data application gets hindered because of two main reasons i.e 1) spectral reflectance based accounts only for transpiration factor, but fails to account for total evapotranspitration. 2) required optical spectral reflectances are available only during clear sky conditions, which creates gaps in the data. Hence there is a necessity of a model which accounts for both transpiration and evpaoration factors and also for a gap filling method, which can produce accurate continuous quantification of values. Therefore, in this study, different combinations of enhanced vegetation index (EVI), global vegetation moisture index (GVMI) and temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) have been employed in linear and non linear regression techniques to obtain the best model. To fill the gaps in the data, initially, temporal fitting of values have been examined using Savitsky-Goley (SG) filter for 3 years of data (2012–2014), but this fails when sufficient high quality values are unavailable. In this regard, three gap filling techniques namely regression, artificial neural networks (ANN) and interpolation techniques have been employed over Cauvery basin. Microwave polarization difference index (MPDI) has been employed in ANN technique to estimate values under cloudy sky conditions. The results revealed that the combination of GVMI and TVDI using linear regression technique performed better than other combinations with correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.824 and 0.204 respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated that SG filter can be used for temporal fitting and for gap filling regression technique performed better than other techniques with the r and RMSE values of 0.68 and 0.25 for Berambadi station.
Highly Stable and Imperceptible Electronics Utilizing Photoactivated Heterogeneous Sol‐Gel Metal–Oxide Dielectrics and Semiconductors

Incorporation of Zr into an AlOx matrix generates an intrinsically activated ZAO surface enabling the formation of a stable semiconducting IGZO film and good interfacial properties. Photochemically annealed metal-oxide devices and circuits with the optimized sol-gel ZAO dielectric and IGZO semiconductor layers demonstrate the high performance and electrically/mechanically stable operation of flexible electronics fabricated via a low-temperature solution process.
Health Care Provision for Older Persons

The aim of this study was to explore the link between neglect and ageism in health care provision for older persons. Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 registered nurses with at least 2 years’ experience in 10 long-term care facilities in Israel. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was performed according to the qualitative method. Three main themes emerged: ageism and neglect as the everyday routine (neglect is built into institution life on the platform of ageism); how the institutional system promotes neglect—between institutional and personal ageism (the ways institutions promote neglect in the shadow of ageism); from vision to reality—how neglect can be prevented in an ageist reality. The attempt to demonstrate the link between ageism and neglect and suggesting how to include them as interrelated phenomena in health care provision programs could promote older persons’ quality of life.
Model-guided and inertia-driven directional minimal path for coronary centerline extraction

Extracting centerlines of coronary arteries is a challenging but important task in clinical applications of cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA). In this paper, we propose an inertia-driven path tracking method based on the directional minimal path (DMP) to automatically extract the coronary centerlines. In DMP, the path tracing is divided into a number of segments. The proposed method adopts the previous segment in the DMP to form the inertia-driven force after the first segment, and thereby increase the robustness of the DMP. To trace the coronary path deeply and thus to obtain a long centerline, we construct a coronary model combining multiple subjects and extract the longest coronary centerline from a branch with a new end-point determination criterion. We evaluated the performance of this method using the Rotterdam Coronary Artery Algorithm Evaluation Framework. The average inside of our centerline extraction results was 0.38mm and the overlap was 83.7%.