Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leaf anatomical changes of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings under salt stress.

The leaf anatomical changes of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedling under gradient salinities were observed,and the effects of salt stress on plant growth were analysed.The hypocotyl of B. gymnorrhiza could germinated under the salinities from 0‰ to 50‰. However,the plant height,fresh weight and leaf area had negative correlation with salinities.With increment of salinity,the thickness of upper and lower cuticle,upper and lower epidermis,and the densities of tannin cell increased,but the thickness of upper and lower endodermis,the intercellular spaces of spongy tissue of leaves decreased.The thickness of palisade tissue decreased,and that of spongy tissue had no relation with salinity,the ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue decreased with increasing salinity.With increasing of salinity,there were no obvious difference in quantity and shape of chloroplast under SEM,but their location in palisade cells occurred change.All these changes made seedlings photosynthesis inhibited and growth stunted.
INCOME DISPERSION IN POLAND. AN ANALYSIS IN YEARS 2005 – 2018 BASED ON INDIVIDUAL INCOMES OF POLISH GMINA’S (COMMUNES) IN NUTS 2 and NUTS 3 units

Presented paper addresses the issue of income inequalities among regions in Poland. Although the topic is broadly discussed both in scientific literature and public debates, the problem of territorial cohesion still remains important for many scholars and politicians. In the article the main attention is focused on the measuring the wealth and its dispersion which is coherent with the current public data state and enables following the phenomena in all statistical units of NUTS nomenclature and local administrative units (local self-government entities: poviats and gminas). In the calculations presented in the paper gminas’ own resources are taken into consideration as a measure of welfare, then Theil index is employed to identify the dispersion for aggregated date on NUTS 1,2,3 units for post-accession to European Union structures period. Authors used the data delivered by the Central Statistical Office. Referring to the goals of the article, conducting of the research enabled to draw two following conclusions. Measures of wealth used in the convergence analysis are derived from national/regional accounts statistics. They are mainly depended on the place of creating value (like GDP). On the local/regional level it is recommended to analyze the situation of residents. So, other measures like gminas’ (basic local administration unit) own resources, based on personal and commercial income tax should be at least parallelly taken into consideration. An analysis of the convergence process inside the country, carried out for Polish NUTS 1, 2 and 3 administrative units in years 2005-2018, based on gminas’ own resources as a standard of living measure, showed different (opposite) patterns than the results of studies using national/regional accounts measures. Starting from the year 2006 the convergence process (sigma type) is observed in all levels of statistical regions in Poland.
Wplyw wybranych antybiotykow na wytwarzanie form L szczepow Staphylococcus aureus

80 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans (20), cows (20), dogs (20), and food (20) were treated with antibiotics and tested in-vitro for induction to L forms. Staphylococcus aureus strains were induced to L forms by exposure to penicillin, ampicillm, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and streptomycin in a brain-heart infusion broth supplemented with 5% NaCl, 5% sucrose and 10% horse serum. 37 strains were induced to L forms after being exposed to at least one antibiotic, while 43 strains produced no L forms under the above conditions. L forms were induced with amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, penicillin and ampicillin. Streptomycin did not induce L forms. Some strains also produced intermediate or reverter colonies.
Tomato leaf miner (Tutaabsoluta) incidence and severity in Kirinyaga County, Kenya

The tomato leaf miner ( Tuta absoluta ) is a new insect pest of tomato in Kirinyaga County. Tuta absoluta can reduce yield and quality of tomato by 80-100% both in field and greenhouse conditions. Farmers have been using synthetic insecticides to combat the insect pest. However, the aggressive nature of the pest, multivoltine character, short generation time, high biotic potential and increased resistance to insecticide use has led to difficulty in its control. This study was aimed to determine the incidence of Tuta absoluta through monitoring using pheromone traps and determine its severity in tomato fields’ despite chemical insecticides applications for effective designing of ecologically-sound management strategies of Tuta absoluta in Kirinyaga County. Field survey was carried out during 2016-2017 growing seasons on a set of 15 tomato fields located in three sites (Kimbimbi, Defathers, and Kariithi). A survey was conducted every three weeks from transplanting to harvest on 30 randomly selected plants in each focal field. Three leaves per plant (lower, intermediate and upper) were carefully inspected for the presence/absence of mines. Sex pheromone traps were used in every focal field to monitor population dynamics of Tuta absoluta . Tuta absoluta trap catches were found in all sampled sites, captured moths ranged from 120-240, there was a linear increment in the number of captured moths during the surveyed time. Tuta
Strategic management and rehabilitation of an aging road bridge asset portfolio

The City of Gold Coast (City) is the second largest local government in Australia, responsible for the management of multiple asset portfolios, inclusive of transport structures. With the overwhelming majority of development occurring in the past 60 years, many bridges are reaching or have exceeded their intended design life. This poses numerous challenges for the City in effectively managing its 700 bridges and major culverts, many of which are located in aggressive coastal environments or within tidal waterways. Identification of bridges in need of repair, correct scoping of the engineering investigations (Level 3) to determine the most effective rehabilitation strategies, and quality control to ensure the desired extension of life are just a few examples of such challenges. This paper discusses how the City is managing its extensive bridge portfolio and delivery of rehabilitation projects, providing insight from the perspective of both client and consultant. Several case studies are reviewed, analysing the effective aspects of each project and discussing lessons learnt to enable continual improvement. Focus is given to methods in accurate identification of the deterioration mechanisms in defective bridge components, and the importance of specifying appropriate repair techniques to meet the desired life extension.
Habitat related variations and comparison of fatty acid composition of muscle and stomach contents of secondarily colonized Malabar Sprat (Ehirava fluviatilis) in Sri Lanka

Ehirava fluviatilis is a marine origin clupeid found in Southern India and Sri Lanka, also found in two freshwater lakes, namely Parakarama Samudraya and Rajanaganaya reservoir, and that places are identified as secondarily colonizedhabitats. The objectives of this study were carried toinvestigate the fatty acid (FA) profile in the flesh of E.fluviatilis, to investigate the FA profile in the food of E. fluviatilis, and identify the impactof the FA profiles for colonisation. The Bligh and Dyer extracting method was used to lipids extraction of flesh and stomach contents of E. fluviatilis and Gas Chromatography (GC) was used to identify the different types of FAs. Data were statistically analyzed to examine the differences in the quantities of different FAs using ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA). The predominant FAs were recorded in two different habitats ofE. fluviatilis in both flesh) and stomach contents. The only recorded difference between FAs profile was the presence of C 18:2 (n-4) in the Rajanganaya reservoir. The difference in the FA profile may lead to colonization of marine origin E. fluviatilis in Rajanganaya reservoir as a freshwater lacustrine habitat due to the ability of modification of FAs. Further, this study also indicates that the presence of specific FAs could be used as biomarkers to identify species.
Regional and Aggregate Implications of Transportation Costs and Tradability of Services

What are the aggregate, sectoral, and regional effects of major technological advances and productivity improvements in shipping goods and transmitting data? This paper aims to provide theoretical and quantitative answers to this question. The theory features a realistic and novel treatment of freight and tradability of services in a multi-sector, multi-region model: each intermediate input, be it a good or a tradable service, requires the complementary supply of hauling and communication, respectively. Their low substitutability bestows transport and communication a critical role in establishing the spatial links between other sectors in the input-output structure. Existing work on modeling and quantifying trade costs, and the input-output structure of the economy typically follow separate tracks, without a unifying framework that treats freight and communication costs as determined by productivities of the sectors supplying these services. Workhorse models of economic geography investigating the effect of transportation technology and infrastructure feature a single-sector model of trade with iceberg trade costs but abstract from realistic input-output linkages in a multi-sector setting. General equilibrium models of the macroeconomy, on the other hand, typically feature a single region and thus abstract from spatial interactions across regions. None of these models distinguish transportation and communication in terms of their substitutability. We bring these two separate approaches together in order to analyze the aggregate, sectoral and regional effects of reductions in the cost of overcoming distance.
Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus isolates using microsatellite sequence as the typing marker.

To set up a new method to verify the typical strains of Echinococcus granulosus and clarify the geographical distribution of its genotypes in Xinjiang,the Sca.Emsk and C106 microstellite sequences of E.granulosus were used as the typing markers and the genotypes of E.granulosus isolated from patients with echinococcosis in various districts of Xinjiang were identified.It was found that 66 strains of E.granulosus were isolated from 44 patients with Echinococcosis,in which 65 isolates from 43 patients were identified as G1 genotype and one isolate from patients was identified as G6 genotype by using PCR and microstellite markers.It is evident that the microstellite DNA markers can be used as a highly efficient,rapid and simple method to identify the genotypes of E.granulosus on genetic level and shows its important value in the studies of genetic polymorphism,epidemiology and pathogenesis of E.granulosus infection.
The flora of the forest series of Yirce-Bürmece-Kömürsu and Muratdere (Bilecik-Bursa, Turkey).

The climate of the area is studied according to the meteorological data of Bozuyuk, Inegol and Bilecik. The average temperature of Bilecik is 12 C and the annual precipitation is 436.4 mm. They are 10.4 C and 484.2 mm and 12.3 C and 568.4 mm for Bozuyuk and Inegol respectively (4). When all the climate data is evaluated, it is seen that a part of the study area belongs to the semiarid Mediterranean and the rest of the area belongs to low-precipitating Mediterranean climate regions. The precipitation regime belongs to the East Mediterranean (5).
Evolutionary dynamics of collective action in structured populations

The pervasiveness of cooperation in Nature is not easily explained. If evolution is characterized by competition and survival of the fittest, why should selfish individuals cooperate with each other? Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) provides a suitable mathematical framework to study this problem, central to many areas of science. Conventionally, interactions between individuals are modeled in terms of one-shot, symmetric 2-Person Dilemmas of Cooperation, but many real-life situations involve decisions within groups with more than 2 individuals, which are best-dealt in the framework of N -Person games. In this Thesis, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of two paradigmatic collective social dilemmas the N -Person Prisoner’s Dilemma (NPD) and the N -Person Snowdrift Game (NSG) on structured populations, modeled by networks with diverse topological properties. Cooperative strategies are just one example of the many traits that can be transmitted on social networks. Several recent studies based on empirical evidence from a medical database have suggested the existence of a 3 degrees of influence rule, according to which not only our "friends", but also our friends’ friends, and our friends’ friends’ friends, have a non-trivial influence on our decisions. We investigate the degree of peer influence that emerges from the spread of cooperative strategies, opinions and diseases on populations with distinct underlying networks of contacts. Our results show that networks naturally entangle individuals into interactions of many-body nature and that for each network class considered different processes lead to identical degrees of influence.
Morphological and molecular characterization of teosinte derived maize population

Germplasm enhancement seems to be an essential part of a breeding programme to improve resiliency, adaptability and productivity of the crops. To develop and diversify the maize germplasm, teosinte a wild relative of maize was integrated in crossing programme and BC1F4 lines were developed. Five BC1F4 lines along with teosinte and maize inbred DI-103 were characterised using quantitative characters and molecular markers. Morphological characterization was done with the help of visual parameters and quantitative traits and for molecular characterization fifty six SSR markers were used. SSR data were analysed with the help of software Mapmaker and twelve linkage groups were generated. Maximum allelic contributions from parent teosinte were found in the introgressed line AM-5 (53.4%) followed by AM-12 (48.9 %), whereas, least contribution of 34.1 % was found in AM-7. The maximum genetic distance among the introgressed lines was observed between AM-2 and AM-9 (0.75) followed by AM-2 and AM-7 (0.70), AM-7 and AM-9 (0.70). The maximum number of cob was found in AM-5 (5.00) followed by AM-2 (4.00). Grain yield per plant was found highest for AM-2 (100.00 g) followed by AM-12 (80.00 g), while, least value was observed for AM-7 (42.00 g). The results indicated differential parental contributions which leads to diversification in the progenies derived from diverse crosses in maize and further opined that such crosses seems to be essential for creating adapted germplasm to whom breeders are looking for.
Redefining endothelial progenitor cells using a proteomics approach

2 DEDICATION . 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 5 TABLE OF FIGURES . 8 LIST OF TABLES . 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 11 ABBREVIATIONS . 13 CHAPTER I . 14 INTRODUCTION . 14 1.1 Stem cell therapy for cardiovascular disease? 15 1.2 Candidate cell types for cardiac repair . 18 1.2.1 Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts . 18 1.2.2 Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) . 19 1.2.3. Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells . 19 1.2. 4 Cardiac Stem Cells (CSCs) . 20 1.2. 5 Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells (BMSCs) . 21 1.2. 5.1 Haematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) . 22 1.2. 5.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) . 22 1.2. 5.3 Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) . 24 1.3 Challenges for the Clinical Application of Stem Cells . 26 1.4 Controversy about Endothelial progenitor cells . 30 1.4. 1 Characterization of EPCs . 31 1.4. 2 EPC Culture Methods . 32 1.5 Proteomic analysis of EPCs . 37 1.5.1 Proteomics – general considerations . 37 1.5.2 What techniques for what output? 38 1.5.2.1 Sensitivity . 39 1.5.2.2 Quantitation . 39 1.5.2.3 Post-translational modifications and protein degradation. 40 1.5.3 Applications of proteomics to stem cell research . 43 1.6 Microparticles . 48 1.6. 1 Characterization of MPs: Size . 49 1.6. 2 Characterization of MPs: Composition . 51 1.6. 3 The role of MPs in cell-to-cell communication . 53 1.7 MicroRNAs: an emerging class of small RNAs . 54 CHAPTER II . 55 AIMS & PROJECT DESIGN . 55 CHAPTER III . 59 METHODS & MATERIALS . 59 3.1 EPC culture . 60 3.2 Culture of endothelial cells . 60
Non-Canonical Translation in Vertebrates

Large-scale genomics and computational approaches have identified thousands of putative long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). It has been controversial, however, as to what fraction of these RNAs is truly non-coding. Here we combine ribosome profiling with a machine-learning approach to validate lncRNAs during zebrafish development in a high throughput manner. We find that dozens of proposed lncRNAs are protein-coding contaminants and that many lncRNAs have ribosome profiles that resemble the 5’ leaders of coding RNAs. Analysis of ribosome profiling data from ES cells reveals similar properties for mammalian lncRNAs. These results clarify the annotation of developmental lncRNAs and suggest a potential role for translation in lncRNA regulation. In addition, our computational pipeline and ribosome profiling data provides a powerful resource for the identification of translated open reading frames during zebrafish development.
In vitro Cytotoxic and Apoptotic activities of Morinda pubescens leaves on HL-60 Cell Line

Natural products are considered as a symbol of protection when compared to modern synthetic drugs due to its adverse effects associated with the treatment of diseases like leukemia. Hence, there is a need to develop alternative anti-leukemic agent with minimal side effects. Objective The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and apoptotic activities of Morinda pubescens leaves on human leukemic cells. Methodology: In vitro cytotoxic potential of Morinda pubescens leaf extracts was evaluated against human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL-60) using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay. The treated cell morphology of various extracts was observed by light microscope. The apoptotic mechanism of the effective extract was determined by analysis of DNA fragmentation through Agarose gel electrophoresis technique. Results: The plant extracts inhibited proliferation of HL-60 cells in a concentration dependent manner. The IC50 values of various extracts such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol was found to be 315. 44μg/ml, 265. 36μg/ml, 213. 09μg/ml for 24 hrs, respectively and the standard drug, cyclophosphamide was found to be 155. 65μg/ml. Among these different extracts, the methanolic extract was found to be more cytotoxic with lower inhibitory concentration (IC50). Apoptosis assay of the effective extract reveals, that there is a cleavage of DNA by nucleases at proper sites which leads to a ladder formation. Conclusion: Morinda pubescens leaf extract induces cell death in HL-60 cell line. Further, in vivo studies and identification of active constituents from Morinda pubescens leaf extract, and their exact mechanism of action could be valuable in designing novel anti-cancer agents.
Mercados eléctricos ante la transición energética: diseño y retos de futuro

espanolCon el objetivo de dar respuesta a los retos que conlleva el cambio climatico, esta teniendo lugar un profundo proceso de transformacion del sistema energetico, con especial afeccion en el sector electrico. En este proceso de cambio, se esta produciendo un intenso debate alrededor del papel de los mercados electricos y su capacidad, en su diseno actual, de dar respuesta a los retos del sector en su conjunto aportando las correctas y oportunas senales a la inversion. En el presente trabajo se presentan los principales retos del sector y su incidencia en el correcto funcionamiento de los mercados electricos, analizandose el papel a desempenar por los mercados y los diferentes mecanismos de retribucion a la produccion de energia electrica. EnglishWith the aim of responding to the challenges of climate change, a deep process of transformation of the energy system is taking place, which is having a special effect in the electrical sector. In this process of change, an intense debate is being carried out around the role of electricity markets and their capability, in their current design, to provide an answer to the challenges of the sector as a whole, by providing the correct and pertinent signals to investment. This paper presents the main challenges faced by the sector and its impact on the proper functioning of the electricity markets, analysing the role to be played by the markets and the different mechanisms of remuneration to the production of electric power.
Spanning the boundaries through creative deployment of social capital

This paper examines the role played by the structural dimension of organizational social capital in exploring developmental opportunities available to Russian SMEs. The study presents an analysis of horizontal and vertical relational ties established and maintained by traditional small and medium-sized firms in order to grow their business. Statistical analysis of 71 SMEs shows that horizontal bridging relations support and enhance SME development, and increase the likelihood of SME internationalization. Environmental uncertainty also contributes to SMEs involvement in building extensive business networking. Supplementary follow-up interviews were conducted with the owners and managers of SMEs to advance the results of hypotheses testing. The findings indicate that the boundary-spanning effect of bridging ties is consistent across both emerging and developed economies. SMEs use their bridging relations as resource-accumulating tool that may gradually lead to internationalization. Horizontal ties support collaboration with business partners and customers, and vertical ties provide stability in risky and uncertain environment. This study contributes to the growing body of social capital research highlighting the important role played by bridging connections in supporting SME resourcing and development across multiple industry settings, and in various types of economic conditions.
Phagocytic Activity as Affected by Protein-Intake in Heat and Cold

Increasing emphasis is now being placed on the rôle of body proteins in resistance to infection and on the maintenance of acquired immunity. Cannon's excellent discussion of the subject1 pictures the loss of protein-attached immune bodies as tissue reserves of protein are depleted from any cause (blood-loss, proteinstarvation, and the malnutrition accompanying vitamin-deficiency, debilitating disease or old age). No mention has been made, however, of the part reduced phagocytosis might play in such loss of resistance. Hence we decided to study this phase of the subject in conjunction with our work on vitamin-deficiency and differences in protein-requirement in heat and cold. Using the phagocytic technic and basal diets described in the preceding paper, we have adjusted the protein- and sugar-content of the basal diet to give 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 percent protein and corresponding reductions in sugar. All vitamins were kept at optimal levels, with the needed increases in thiamin and choline in the hot room.