Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the Residual Activity of Traditional, Safe, and Biological Insecticides Against the Gypsy Moth

We evaluated the direct and the residual efficacy of selected traditional, safer, and biological insecticides that are either registered or are candidates for registration for use by arborists and nurserymen in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar} management in urban settings. The study compared 5 biological insecticide treatments (1 Bacillus thuringiensis[Bf] and 4 gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus [NPV] treatments) and 2 reduced-risk insecticides (neem and tebufenozide) against 2 commonly used standard insecticides (diflubenzuron and cyfluthrin). Significant details pertaining to the use of the specific control materials were clarified in support of a decision matrix around which an IPM system can be formulated for use by arborists and nurserymen. The standard insecticides, cyfluthrin and diflubenzuron, and the ecdysone agonist tebufenozide, demonstrated excellent activity against all instars in both a 1 - hour residue study and a 35-day residue study, Bt was clearly more effective against second instar larvae than against fourth instar larvae and lost significant activity against the gypsy moth after 7 days. The efficacy of the neem product was similar to that of Bt in that it controlled younger instars better than it did older instars. Although its speed of action was slower than that of Bt, it remained highly active against gypsy moth 21 days after treatment. NPV without the activity enhancer Blankophor BBH gave significant levels of control for all 4 larval instars fed on 1 -hour residues, although mortality was higher for younger instars than for older instars. Residual effectiveness was significantly reduced after 1 day. The addition of Blankophor BBH to the NPV tank mix led to improved kill in the 1-hour study and to vastly improved residual activity (up to 35 days).
Hierarchical Factor Classification of Dendrochronological Time-Series

In this paper, Hierarchical Factor Classification (HFC), an exploratory method of classification of characters is introduced, in comparison with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to show its advantages, in particular when dealing with time series. Exploratory data analysis may play a very relevant role in the understanding of the structure of a data set prior the use of statistical methods – as hypothesis testing and inference, and models. The study of tree-rings time series through exploratory methods may also take advantages, by allowing some interpretation to be further checked via a small number of statistical tests. In particular, while providing overall results close to those of PCA, HFC complements it, by providing a classification of the time-series and estimating a representative chronology for each group, common to the clustered ones. As case study, a data set is taken from literature, composed by five synchronous 79 years-long chronologies of Pinus pinea L. , from five different populations scattered along the Tyrrhenian coast in peninsular Italy. HFC suggests how conveniently aggregate the chronologies, by showing similarities and differences between them, otherwise unnoticed, suggesting to limit the aggregation to three chronologies only.
A Meta-Analysis on Computer Technology Intervention Effects on Mathematics Achievement for Low-Performing Students in K-12 Classrooms

This meta-analysis extended the current literature regarding the effects of computer technology (CT) on mathematics achievement, with a particular focus on low-performing students. A total of 45 independent effect sizes extracted from 31 empirical studies based on a total of 2,044 low-performing students in K-12 classrooms were included in this meta-analysis. Consistent with previous reviews, this study suggested a statistically significant and positive effect of CT ( d ¯ = 0.56) on low-performing students’ mathematics achievement. Of four CT types, the largest CT effect was found with problem-solving system ( d ¯ = 0.86), followed by tutoring ( d ¯ = 0.80), game-based intervention ( d ¯ = .58), and computerized practice ( d ¯ = .23). Furthermore, other moderators were found to explain variation in CT effects on low-performing students’ mathematics achievement. Study findings contributed to clarifying the effect of CT for low-performing students’ mathematics achievement. Implications for instructional design and practices are also discussed.
Utility of risk prediction models to detect atrial fibrillation in screened participants

Abstract Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with higher risk of stroke. While the prevalence of AF is low in the general population, risk prediction models might identify individuals for selective screening of AF. We aimed to systematically identify and compare the utility of established models to predict prevalent AF. Methods and results Systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE for risk prediction models for AF. We adapted established risk prediction models and assessed their predictive performance using data from 2.5M individuals who attended vascular screening clinics in the USA and the UK and in the subset of 1.2M individuals with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2. We assessed discrimination using area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves and agreement between observed and predicted cases using calibration plots. After screening 6959 studies, 14 risk prediction models were identified. In our cohort, 10 464 (0.41%) participants had AF. For discrimination, six prediction model had AUROC curves of 0.70 or above in all individuals and those with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2. In these models, calibration plots showed very good concordance between predicted and observed risks of AF. The two models with the highest observed prevalence in the highest decile of predicted risk, CHARGE-AF and MHS, showed an observed prevalence of AF of 1.6% with a number needed to screen of 63. Selective screening of the 10% highest risk identified 39% of cases with AF. Conclusion Prediction models can reliably identify individuals at high risk of AF. The best performing models showed an almost fourfold higher prevalence of AF by selective screening of individuals in the highest decile of risk compared with systematic screening of all cases. Registration This systematic review was registered (PROSPERO CRD42019123847).
Fundamental Valuation in Seven Asian Countries: Role of Earnings, Book Value, and Dividends

We examine the role of earnings, book value, and dividends in examining the valuation of firms in select Asian countries. Besides the usual variables of earnings and book value, inclusion of dividends is motivated by prior use of the variable in the literature, as well as an adaptation of the Ohlson 2001 empirical specification of the valuation model. In our specification, absent credible analysts’ forecasts, as is typical in these markets, dividends together with earnings play the role of “other information” in explaining stock prices. In a large sample of Asian firms from seven Asian countries that lack an active analyst community, we document two key results. First, the model with earnings, book value, and dividends outperforms the earnings capitalization, book value, and a model with earnings and book value together, the traditional benchmarks used in the literature. This is in contrast to Ashbaugh and Olsson, 2002 who find that earnings capitalization is the best model for the international firms. Second, the ability of the model to explain stock valuations does not vary materially over time, thus indicating reasonable consistency across different accounting regimes in these countries that may include International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adaptation at different paces. Our finding highlights the information role of earnings and dividends when other channels of information are blocked.
Evaluative adjective sentences: A question-based analysis of projection

Two contents of evaluative adjective sentences, like Kim was smart to watch the movie, are the prejacent (that Kim watched the movie) and the generalization (that the degree to which Kim watching the movie is smart was higher than the contextual standard of smart). The prejacent is standardly analyzed as a presupposition (e.g., Norrick 1978; Barker 2002; Oshima 2009; Kertz 2010). This paper argues against such analyses of the prejacent because, among other things, they do not capture an interaction between the prejacent and the generalization that has not yet been observed for projective content: when the prejacent projects, the generalization does not, and when the prejacent does not project, the generalization does. We develop an analysis according to which the prejacent is not a lexically specified presupposition but is projective to the extent that it is not at-issue with respect to the question addressed by the utterance of the evaluative adjective sentence. In addition to capturing the interaction between the prejacent and the generalization, our question-based projection analysis extends previous such analyses (e.g., Beaver & Clark 2008; Beaver et al. 2017; Simons et al. 2017) by incorporating a novel constraint on the question addressed by an utterance: the more the interpreter takes the truth of content c to follow from the common ground a priori, the less likely the question is about c. We provide experimental evidence for the analysis and argue that it improves on that of Karttunen et al. (2014), according to which evaluative adjectives are ambiguous.
Association of Beauveria bassiana with grapevine plants deters adult black vine weevils, Otiorhynchus sulcatus

ABSTRACT Fungal entomopathogens are known as microbial pathogens of insects, colonising multiple habitats and ecosystems. Besides being an entomopathogen, the fungus Beauveria bassiana can also establish as an endophyte in plants. Limited knowledge is so far available on the ability of plant-associated B. bassiana to influence plant-feeding insects. Here, we assessed the capability of adult black vine weevils Otiorhynchus sulcatus to select grapevine as a host plant in the presence of plant-associated B. bassiana after foliar application of a commercially available mycoinsecticide (product Naturalis®) on young potted grapevine plants. Three pairwise comparisons of weevil behaviour were conducted when weevils were released in a two-choice olfactometer and were given the choice between (i) control plants and plants treated with Naturalis®, (ii) control plants and plants treated with the formulation of Naturalis® without fungal propagules, and (iii) plants treated with Naturalis® and plants treated with the formulation. Adult O. sulcatus were significantly deterred by plants treated with Naturalis® or the formulation in comparison to control plants. In a direct comparison between plants treated either with Naturalis® or the formulation weevils significantly preferred plants treated with the formulation and avoided Naturalis® treated plants, where B. bassiana putatively had established as an endophyte. These results suggest that adult black vine weevils are able to detect and subsequently avoid plants treated with B. bassiana and indicate a new mode of action of plant-associated entomopathogenic fungi when integrated in pest management programmes.
Allometric models for sex ratio determination in all stages of ontogeny of Chelonia mydas from Bahía de los Ángeles, México

Abstract In order to determine the sex of Chelonia mydas individuals found within one of the principal foraging areas of the Gulf of California during any given stage of ontogeny, 529 individuals were sampled in Bahía de los Ángeles from 1995–2012, and their morphometric data were collected. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for the morphometric variables, and two principal components were obtained that unambiguously separated sexes and ontogenetic stages. The first component was defined by straight carapace length (SCL), curve carapace length (CCL), plastron length (PL) and carapace depth (CD), while the second factor was represented by total tail length (TTL). Allometric models were fitted with the most important variables determined by the PCA. The model PL = αSCLβ was able to distinguish between adults and immature individuals. For adult organisms, the model that best separated males from females was TTL = αSCLβ. Adult females had SCL values of 66–96.7 cm and TTL values of 16.3–25 cm, while adult males had SCL values of 66.4–12.5 cm and TTL values > 25 cm. As the organisms were considered immature only if SCL < 77.3, we were able to determine the TTL values for immature individuals by using elemental mathematics and solving for SCL in the equation TTL = αSCLβ for each group (i.e. adult females, adult males and immatures). So, considering the mathematical approach and acknowledging the lack of background information, immature individuals may be considered potential females if the TTL value is between 7.04–17.8 cm and potential males if the TTL value > 17.8 cm.
Defining Technological Features in the Manufacture of Semi-Hard Book Covers

An experimentally determined list of the required and sufficient technological operations to produce semi-hard book covers has been proposed, with the calculated contour and structural design, which implies strict tolerances in the deviations from a rectangular planar geometry. It has been proven that the main features in the modeling and manufacturing of covers affect the conditions for ensuring tolerances, as well as stable circulation quantity. They imply that the edges and flaps as the additional structural elements of the covers form, after folding and gluing to the main part, a double composite structure. Due to this, there are no laps in the joints of edges and flaps, so the plane of the inner part of the covers acquires a flat shape, without defective contours. Therefore, one can argue that the parallel deviation of the outer contours of semi-hard covers from a rectangular design will not exceed the ranges for bookbinding divided into groups based on quality indicators. It should be particularly noted that the conditions for providing tolerances, circularity stability, as well as the composite structure of semi-hard covers, are influenced by the roller-roll mechanisms, which perform their rotary pressing and high-speed coordinated transportation during manufacturing. The current study into the effect exerted by the plastic deformation has established the mechanisms of the process of improving a cylindrical surface of the rotary-pressing rollers. It has been proven that they imply the formation of a completely regular microrelief of the hexagonal type with a concave shape and a partly regular micro-relief, in the form of the flat-parallel slotted recesses arranged at an angle to the central axis of the rollers. As well as the application of technology of the ionic nitriding of the obtained microrelief in the plasma of the helicon discharge. The final stage of strengthening a near-surface layer of the rollers with ionic nitriding in the plasma of the helicon discharge captures the maximum level of the increased durability of the near-surface layer. It fluctuates in the range of the ratio of the plane onto which a regular microrelief is partially applied to the general plane of the roller’s surface
Holocene EASM‐EAWM Relationship Across Different Timescales in CCSM3

The East Asian summer monsoon and winter monsoon (EASM and EAWM) are two important components of the East Asian monsoon system. However, the relationship between the two components during the Holocene remains debated in the observation. Here, we use a set of simulations in CCSM3 to investigate the EASM‐EAWM relation across different timescales during the Holocene. It is shown that the intensities of EASM and EAWM are positively correlated at orbital timescale but negatively correlated from millennial down to multidecadal timescales. The positive correlation at orbital timescales is forced by the seasonal insolation forcing, while the negative correlation at millennial and shorter timescales is caused mainly by the internal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the subsequent teleconnection to East Asia via land‐sea thermal contrast.
Molecular Identification of Polydorid Polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a Quick Way to Identify Pest and Alien Species?§

The early detection and correct identification of polydorid polychaete species is essential as they are often encountered as invasive alien pests in aquaculture facilities or the intertidal where they may modify the ecosystem. Accurate identification is, however, often hampered by high levels of morphological similarity among species. This taxon will therefore benefit from the development of a library of sequences, such as COI barcodes, to aid identification. However, the universal primers for the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) DNA barcoding marker has failed to consistently amplify this gene for polydorids, greatly hampering the development of such a library. We describe the development of unique PCR primers for the COI gene that work across four genera and nine species of polydorids. We also compared its efficacy with sequence data for mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear 18S rRNA, and a concatenated dataset consisting of all three markers. The nuclear 18S rRNA gene showed the least variation both intra- (0.0–1.2%) and interspecifically (0.6–4.3%), and was the most accurate for species identifications among the three markers. Although COI was characterised by higher intraspecific variation compared with Cyt b (0.0–14.5% and 0.0–4.2%, respectively), Cyt b showed considerably higher levels of interspecific variation (16.6–30.2%) compared with COI (2.2–20.7%). Of the two mitochondrial DNA markers, COI was actually less accurate for species identifications, having suggested two species within Boccardia pseudonatrix that was not supported by the other markers. Overall, the concatenated dataset yielded the most consistent intraspecific groupings, suggesting that this is the most accurate means of identifying polydorids using DNA sequence data. Thus, there may not be a quick and easy way to identify these species accurately using only molecular data.
Pengaruh Kematangan Buah dan Pengupasan Sabut Terhadap Kecepatan Kecambah, Daya Kecambah dan Vigor Bibit Pinang

Effect of Fruit Maturity and Unhusked Treatment to Rate of Germination, Viability and Vigor of Arecanut Seedling Effect of seed maturity and seed peeling to viability, germination rate and vigor of arecanut seedlings was assessed in May to July 2008 using arecanut ex situ collection of Kayuwatu Experimental Garden. Research was conducted in factorial experiment 3 x 2 x 4 by using randomized block design. Each treatment consists of four replications and each replication consists of 15 seeds. The results showed that seed maturity and seed peeling gives siqnificant effect on germination rate, viability, and seedlings vigor. Nine-month-old seeds without husks has the fastest germination rate (24.73 days) than other combination treatments. Eleven month old seeds without husks has the highest viability (90.00%). Twelve month old seeds either whole nut or without husk gave the highest seedling vigor.
Team Assisted Individualization Model Assisted by Effective Ludo Media Improving Student Learning Outcomes

The low competence of mathematical knowledge caused by the lack optimal use of the learning model makes it difficult for students to understand the learning material. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the Team Assisted Individualization model assisted by Ludo media on learning outcomes in terms of the problem-solving ability of fraction material. This type of research was a quantitative study using pre-experimental design in the form of a one-group pretest-posttest design. The number of samples in this study was all students of class IV, amounting to 26 students using saturated sampling type sampling. Data collection in this study was obtained through interviews, tests and documentation. The results of data analysis obtained tcount 9.698 and ttable 1.706 with a significant level of 5%. Because t_count> ttable is 9.698> 1.706, so H_0 is rejected, which means that there are differences in pretest and posttest learning outcomes. Then the two-party t-test of problem-solving abilities shows that tcount> ttable is 8,000> 1,671 then H_0 is rejected, so there is a significant difference in learning outcomes seen from the problem-solving ability using the Team Assisted Individualization model with groups that are taught with conventional models in grade IV SD. The Team Assisted Individualization model assisted by Ludo media is effectively applied in the learning process to improve student learning outcomes for fractions.
Phase transitions in optimized network models

We consider network connection growing models that aim at minimizing the wiring cost while at the same time maximizing the network connections. By mapping the system to an Ising spin model, we obtain analytic results for two such models, both of them show interesting, but different phase transition behaviors for general wiring cost distributions. The phase diagrams for these transitions are also obtained. These results are also extended for networks optimized with weighted node degree for connections. Depending on the properties of the edge and node weight distributions, the system can exhibit a variety of phase transitions, including first-order, second-order and hybrid ones, from no connection to a network of finite fraction of connections. Furthermore, mean-field theory leads to an effective algorithm for finding the fully optimized network configurations in these models. All these results are also verified by numerical simulations.
Effects of Glycine soja Supplementation on the Quality of Corn Silage

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Glycine soja (GS) supplementation on the quality of corn silage. Corn silage was used in a 3×2 factorial arrangements with respective factors being addition of GS (0, 10, and 20%) and without or with Lacobacillus plantarum as lactic acid bacteria, and were stored for 40 days at a room temperature (20-25℃). Corn silage with supplemented 20% GS increased (p<0.05) crude protein contents compared with that in corn silage with supplemented 0 and 10% GS, however crude fat, NDF, and starch concentrations was not affected (p<0.05) by addition of GS. Furthermore, the interaction was found (p<0.05) between corn silage with supplemented 20% GS and the addition of lactic acid in butyric acid. Silage pH was increased while GS supplementation increased. Corn silage with supplemented 20% GS increased (p<0.05) glucose and fructose concentrations. The results of current study indicate that corn silage with supplemented 20% GS could be used as a useful strategy to improve corn silage with increased crude protein contents along with sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations.