Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leveraging the Training Data Partitioning to Improve Events Characterization in Intrusion Detection Systems

—The ever-increasing use of services based on computer networks, even in crucial areas unthinkable until a few years ago, has made the security of these networks a crucial element for anyone, also in consideration of the increasingly sophisticated techniques and strategies available to attackers. In this context, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) play a primary role since they are responsible for analyzing and classifying each network activity as legitimate or illegitimate, allowing us to take the necessary countermeasures at the appropriate time. However, these systems are not infallible due to several reasons, the most important of which are the constant evolution of the attacks (e.g., zero-day attacks) and the problem that many of the attacks have behavior similar to those of legitimate activities, and therefore they are very hard to identify. This work relies on the hypothesis that the subdivision of the training data used for the IDS classification model definition into a certain number of partitions, in terms of events and features, can improve the characterization of the network events, improving the system performance. The non-overlapping data partitions train independent classification models, classifying the event according to a majority-voting rule. A series of experiments conducted on a benchmark real-world dataset support the initial hypothesis, showing a performance improvement with respect to a canonical training approach.
Exploring Non-Submodular Scheduling for Large-Scale Sensor Networks

This letter addresses the intricate issue of non-submodular sensor scheduling within the context of large-scale linear time-varying dynamics. The problem involves optimizing the configuration of sensors, a task that is inherently combinatorial, non-convex, and NP-hard. We delve into the utility of a simple greedy algorithm for problem resolution. We provide evidence of the algorithm’s effectiveness by presenting an approximation bound for its solutions based on the submodularity and curvature concepts. It is shown that the proposed approximation bound outperforms the competitors in the literature through a discussion on a simple setup. The letter culminates in a comprehensive set of simulation results, which validate the theoretical underpinnings.
Analysis of Degradation Mechanism in Poly-Si TFTs Under Dynamic Gate Voltage Stress With Short Pulse Width Duration

Degradation behaviors of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors under dynamic gate voltage stress with short pulse width duration are systematically investigated for the first time. Both the peak voltage duration and the base voltage duration have an impact on the hot carrier degradation of the device. Incorporated with simulations, an advanced model for nonequilibrium junction degradation is proposed.
Wireless Power Transfer Systems With Composite Cores for Magnetic Field Shielding With Electric Vehicles

The transmitting and receiving coils used in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems in electric vehicles (EVs) have a larger air gap (~300 mm) and higher transmission power (kW) than those in typical WPT systems used in electrical appliances. However, this could weaken the magnetic field, reduce transfer efficiency, and lead to a public concern regarding potential adverse health effects related to electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. Therefore, the assessment of compliance with product safety standards, based on international exposure guidelines such as the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), is crucial. This study uses the finite element method to analyze a commonly used core-less and core-based WPT system using a composite core material in EVs and scalar potential finite difference method for assessment of human protection. Based on the computational results, two core structures using different types of intermediate insert blocks were analyzed to reduce external magnetic fields and mitigate the human EMF exposure. The WPT system with a core structure improved the transfer efficiency by 34% for a 300 mm air gap over the core-less system. Moreover, this effectively reduced magnetic field leakage by 91.6% and induced electric field by 98.3%, resulting in the reduction of induced electric field in anatomical human body model. The results demonstrated that a WPT system with a composite core can simultaneously improve the transfer efficiency and protect humans from EMF exposure.
Sleep and Pain in Veterans with Chronic Pain: Effects of Psychological Pain Treatment and Temporal Associations

Introduction Chronic pain is highly prevalent in US military Veterans. Non-opioid and non-pharmacologic treatments are recommended when clinically appropriate, but research on the mechanisms underlying benefits of these treatments is lacking. Here, we examined the role of sleep in the effects of three non-pharmacologic pain treatments in Veterans. Specifically, we investigated whether treatment effects on sleep predicted treatment effects on pain occurring later, or vice versa. Methods Veterans enrolled in a randomized controlled trial were invited to participate in this supplementary sleep study. A total of 174 Veterans were randomized to one of three 8-session, in-person, group-based pain treatments: hypnosis, mindfulness meditation, or education control. Measurements included self-reported sleep disturbance, pain intensity, and pain catastrophizing; sleep duration was assessed with actigraphy. Sleep and pain measurements were obtained at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month posttreatment follow-up. Results At baseline, average pain intensity was moderate (mean ± SD: 5.7 ± 1.7 on the 0–10 Numeric Rating Scale), pain catastrophizing was just below the clinically relevant threshold (mean ± SD: 28.6 ± 12.2 on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale), and subjective sleep disturbance exceeded the US population average (mean ± SD: 58.5 ± 8.1 on the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance – Short Form). By contrast, objective sleep duration was consistent with the recommended daily sleep amount of 7–8 h for adults (mean ± SD: 8.3 ± 1.4 h). Across treatment conditions, pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and subjective sleep disturbance were significantly less at posttreatment and 3-month follow-up than at baseline (p < 0.001). Actigraphic sleep duration did not differ significantly as a function of time. There was a high degree of covariation among the measures of pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and sleep disturbance (p < 0.05). However, self-reported sleep disturbance was not significantly correlated with actigraphic sleep duration (|r| <= 0.13, p > 0.05). Sleep and pain variables observed at prior assessments predicted these same variables at subsequent assessments. There was no significant evidence that changes in pain preceded changes in sleep or that changes in sleep preceded changes in pain (all p > 0.05). Discussion For this study’s Veterans, treatment-related changes in sleep and pain appeared to occur in parallel. The concomitant changes in sleep and pain suggest that therapies improving pain in Veterans may yield attendant benefits for the treatment of sleep, and possibly vice versa.
Travel Constraints, Trust, Travel Motivation and Travel Intention :

The limitation of traveling refers to individual limitations; namely, interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints. However, trust shapes the traveler’s confidence to travel. Furthermore, travelers need motivation as their push factor to appeal their interest in traveling. This study aims to explore the relationship between travel constraints and trust on travel intention and travel motivation as the mediating variable. The sample was determined by using purposive sampling on Indonesia’s travelers who travelled during the Covid-19 pandemic, from March 2020 to February 2021 using online questionnaire. Results indicated that the intrapersonal constraint had positive effects on travel intention and travel motivation. On the other hand, interpersonal constraints and trust did not affect travel intention nor travel motivation. Therefore, the research results imply a positive contribution to the collaborative development theories between Theory Planned Behavior and those related in tourism sector. Leaders in tourism business sectors could plan their marketing strategies in a fast-changing pace in the world such as, the crises of Covid-19 pandemic to bring people’s motivation out in order to be interested in traveling again although with several terms and conditions after the human mobility was curtailed.
Seismic Imaging of Fault Zones : A synthetic workflow to study the impact of faults on seismic images

iii Acknowledgments . v Table of contents . vii List of Figures . ix List of Tables . ix List of Papers . xi Conference extended abstracts . xiii Conference oral presentations . xv Abbreviations . xvii Chapter 1 . 1
Rain-on-snow events in Switzerland: recent observations and projections for the 21st century

We analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of rain-on-snow (ROS) events during the last 4 decades in Switzerland and project the future occurrence of ROS events based on atmospheric warming under the A1B greenhouse gas emissions scenario. The results indicate that ROS events occur mainly during winter months at low elevations, and during summer months at high elevations. The solid/liquid precipitation ratio and the duration of the snowpack explain the spatio-temporal characteristics of ROS events. Observations indicate a trend towards a slight reduction in ROS events during the study period (1972−2012) due to decreasing rainfall, and a reduction in snowpack duration due to warming temperatures. However, increased warming may increase the frequency of ROS events in future decades, especially at high elevations (>2000 m) where the snowpack will still be present during most of the year, but liquid precipitation will become more frequent.
La utilización de objetos de aprendizaje en Realidad Aumentada en la enseñanza de la medicina

The Augmented Reality (AR) is formed as a technology of great potential in the universitary education, offering the possibility of combining the digital information with the real time physics across different technological devices (tablet, smartphones, glasses …). Our study was chasing an objective double, on one hand to know the degree of motivation that the utilization of objects in format AR wakes up in the medical student and for analyzing other one if the kind of the student concerns positively in the degree of showed motivation. For the analysis of the motivation woken up in the student for the experience realized with the objects of elaborated AR a questionnaire was in use elaborated for Keller (2010), the "Instructional Material Motivational Survey" (IMMS). The sample of the study was formed by student of the first year of the Degree of Medicine of the University of Seville (Spain), who were dealing the subject of "Human Histology". We can emphasize that the realized experience called the attention of the student, and that the material they woke the curiosity up helping them to support the attention and enjoying in general with the experience realized simultaneously that the content of the presented material was relevant for his interests. Of The study we can extract the following conclusions: The instrument of diagnosis appears as a good predictor to explain the motivation, attention, confidence, relevancy and satisfaction that wakes the interaction up with AR's objects. The AR appears as a technology of great utility for the learning of the student of medicine, his incorporation to the education is easy and the gender of the students does not determine the degree of acceptance that they have of the AR.
Unilateral complex partial denture performance evaluation: 5 years follow up clinical study

Summary Introduction Removable partial denture (RPD) is common treatment option for unilateral partially edentulous patients not indicated for implant therapy. Unilateral complex partial denture (UCPD) could be an alternative approach to RPD treatment, but there is lack of evidence about UCPD treatment outcomes during the long-term clinical performance. The aim of this this study was to use periodontal, prosthodontic and participant satisfaction measures to evaluate the long-term clinical performance of UCPD. Material and methods This 5 year follow-up clinical study evaluated pocket probing depth (PPD) and vertical clinical attachment loss (CAL-V) of direct abutment (DA), indirect abutment (IA) and control teeth (CT). Also complications and failures of UCPD were analysed using questionnaire of participant satisfaction with UCPD (stability, comfort and manipulation). Results Evaluation of data showed that CAL-V and PPD significantly increased over time for DA, IA and CT (p<0.0001), but the tooth function (DA, IA and CT) did not significantly influence changes in PPD and CAL-V. The fracture of one abutment tooth and increase of the number of artificial teeth deformations (p=0.039) were observed after 5 years. Participant satisfaction with denture after 1 year and 5 years vs. 7 days was significantly improved. Conclusion Despite limitations of this clinical study and assuming regular oral maintenance with proper indication, UCPD might be considered as good treatment option for Kennedy II rehabilitation in patients not indicated for implant therapy or who cannot tolerate extensive RPD design.
Attitudes t oward a Proposed Reintroduction o f Black-Footed Ferrets (Mustela nigripes )

Sociological considerations are crucial to recovery efforts such as the proposed reintroduction o f endangered black-footed ferrets ("Mustela nigripesj into Phillips County, Montana Many past reintroduction attempts have failed or been less successful because they neglected these concerns This study examined knowledge, attitudes and opinions o f ranchers toward black-footed ferrets, prairie dogs ( Cynomys spp), and the proposed ferret reintroduction using informal, unstructured interviews and a mail sample survey. Ranchers within the proposed reintroduction site were antagonistic toward the program, the ferret, and especially the prairie dogs upon which black-footed ferrets depend fo r survival Of six sample groups, local ranchers scored highest on negativ­ istic, libertarian! dominionistic, and utilitarian attitude scales and lowest on moralistic, humanistic, and naturalis­ tic! ecologistic attitude scales. Their attitudes were most sim ­ ilar to those o f ranchers statewide, followed by residents o f Phillips County, Montana, Billings, Montana, residents, and members o f the Montana Wildlife Federation; they were least similar to attitudes o f members o f conservation organiza­ tions other than the Montana Wildlife Federation Local ranchers perceived themselves as having little knowledge of black-footed ferrets, even though they received significantly higher scores on the black-footed ferret knowledge scales than did most other groups, and they perceived themselves as having great knowledge o f prairie dogs, even though their scores on the prairie dog knowledge scales were no better than any other group. These results are useful fo r ranking
Protective Effects of Sanyar Prebiotic on Immunity and Tissue Changes of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to CuSO4 Stress

Prebiotics, as feed additives, can activate the antioxidant and immune systems of fish and significantly improve the survival of aquaculture animals in stressful conditions. The exposure of fish to copper sulfate leads to oxidative stress, suppression of the immune system, and destruction of vital body tissues. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Sanyar prebiotic on the immunity and tissue changes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to CuSO4 stress. Two hundred common carp fish with an average weight of 12.33 ± 0.93 g were stocked in four treatments (triplicates) for 60 days. The experimental treatments contained Sanyar commercial prebiotics in 100 g of food, which included P1 (1 ml prebiotic liquid), P2 (0.1 g prebiotic powder), P3 (0.5 ml liquid and 0.05 g powder), and treatment C (control treatment without any additives). At the end of the experimental period, the fish were exposed to acute toxicity of Cu (0.1 m/l) for 96 hours. Gill, kidney, and liver tissue samples were collected and evaluated after 96 hours. According to the results obtained, there were significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) and final weight ( p < 0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in the Sanyar treatments (1.56 ± 0.37), which had a significant difference from the control treatment (1.85 ± 0.35) ( p < 0.05). The results showed that immunity indices such as lysozyme, cortisol, and ACH50 increased in the experimental treatments compared to the control treatment ( p < 0.05). The highest and lowest lysozyme activities were observed in P2 (16.35 ± 0.57) and control treatments (13.15 ± 1.00), respectively ( p < 0.05). Generally, no significant difference was observed between growth and nutrition indices in Sanyar treatments ( p < 0.05). Symptoms of kidney, liver, and gill tissue damage were reported from mild (hyperemia and infiltration of inflammatory cells) to severe (hemorrhage and necrosis). The lowest severity of tissue damage was observed in the treatments fed with Sanyar food supplement. In general, the results of this study showed that the addition of Sanyar prebiotic to the diet of common carp improves the growth indicators and immune response and can also be beneficial in increasing fish resistance to copper toxicity.
Spatial Attention in Visual Working Memory Strengthens Feature-Location Binding

There is a debate about whether working memory (WM) representations are individual features or bound objects. While spatial attention is reported to play a significant role in feature binding, little is known about the role of spatial attention in WM. To address this gap, the current study required participants to maintain multiple items in their WM and employed a memory-driven attention capture paradigm. Spatial attention in WM was manipulated by presenting an exogenous cue at one of the locations that memory items had occupied. The effects of spatial attention on attention guidance in visual search (Experiment 1) and memory performance (Experiments 1 and 2) were explored. The results show that WM-driven attention guidance did not vary based on whether the search features came from the same object in WM; instead, it depended on the number of features, regardless of their source object. In memory tasks, the cued object outperformed the uncued object. Specifically, the test item was better rejected when the features were mis-bound in the cued location than in the uncued location. These findings suggest that memory-driven attention guidance is feature-based, and spatial attention in WM helps bind features into object structures based on location.
Monitoring the Intracellular pH and Metabolic State of Cancer Cells in Response to Chemotherapy Using a Combination of Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy

The extracellular matrix (ECM), in which collagen is the most abundant protein, impacts many aspects of tumor physiology, including cellular metabolism and intracellular pH (pHi), as well as the efficacy of chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the role of collagen in differential cell responses to treatment within heterogeneous tumor environments remains poorly investigated. In the present study, we simultaneously monitored the changes in pHi and metabolism in living colorectal cancer cells in vitro upon treatment with a chemotherapeutic combination, FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and leucovorin). The pHi was followed using the new pH-sensitive probe BC-Ga-Ir, working in the mode of phosphorescence lifetime imaging (PLIM), and metabolism was assessed from the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactor NAD(P)H using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) with a two-photon laser scanning microscope. To model the ECM, 3D collagen-based hydrogels were used, and comparisons with conventional monolayer cells were made. It was found that FOLFOX treatment caused an early temporal intracellular acidification (reduction in pHi), followed by a shift to more alkaline values, and changed cellular metabolism to a more oxidative state. The presence of unstructured collagen markedly reduced the cytotoxic effects of FOLFOX, and delayed and diminished the pHi and metabolic responses. These results support the observation that collagen is a factor in the heterogeneous response of cancer cells to chemotherapy and a powerful regulator of their metabolic behavior.
Evaluation of artificial intelligence fall school program at Smart University of Medical Sciences

Background: Educational evaluation is one of the main pillars of educational systems, and course evaluation is a survey that students or course members complete at the end of a class or academic course. This study aims to evaluate the ‘Artificial Intelligence Fall School Program’ at Smart University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study was conducted by collecting on various aspects of the course, including the course structure, teaching methods, instructors, scientific evaluations, and pre- and post-course tests. The course evaluation was conducted using an online questionnaire. In the initial phase of the study, the sample size was determined to be 96 participants, as calculated using Cochran’s formula. The research data were statistically analyzed at two levels: descriptive and inferential. Descriptive analysis was performed using statistical indicators such as frequency, percentage, and mean. The inferential analysis was conducted using the paired t test. Analyses were performed using SPSS 22. Results: From the viewpoint of the participants, all artificial intelligence (AI) schools in the field of medical sciences were deemed satisfactory. A paired t test was used to analyze and compare the pre-test and post-test scores of participants in the Fall AI schools. The results indicated an increase in the post-test scores of participants, following their involvement in the seven-week AI schools, compared to their pre-test scores. Conclusion: This evaluative study offers crucial insights into the effectiveness of the "Fall AI Schools" training program in fostering AI proficiency among medical professionals. The quantitative findings reveal a statistically significant positive response and learning outcomes among the participants across the seven specialized schools.
Environmental factors of obesity before and after COVID-19 pandemic: a review

In past decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity had grown rapidly. There are numerous factors contributing to this unfavorable change in people’s health. This review article investigates the environmental factors which may play a role in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and additionally the novel factors which appeared after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused the increase in BMI during the lockdown period. Most of the studies reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown contributed to the growth of BMI in numerous countries and, eventually the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased. Studies suggest that the physical activity was decreased while sleep time and screen time were increased and the amount of food consumed increased, additionally more processed food with long shelf life was consumed. The diverse environmental factors may have an impact on obesity and overweight development taking into account policy and local school policy issues, socioeconomic status, lifestyle including physical activity, diet habits, and amongst others, more trivial causes such as uninteresting neighborhoods, lack of sense of security outside the place of residence or a long distance from shops. Still, this is the object of debate if air pollution is an environmental risk factor influencing the unfavorable trends towards increasing body weight.