Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Spillovers of a School Building Program: Evidence on Improved Inter-Ethnic and Inter-Religious Relationships

We use both census and survey data to show that a large school building program from Indonesia causes improvements in inter-ethnic and inter-religious relationships. Our generalized difference-in-differences estimates suggest that receiving more education causes an increase in interethnic and interreligious tolerance as measured by survey questions. In addition, we use Indonesian census data to show that the schooling program caused an improvement in a behavioral measure of inter-ethnic relationships: we find an increase in inter-ethnic marriages by about 14 percent as a result of the program. We demonstrate robustness of results and show that the common trend assumption is satisfied. Subsequently, we shed light on several mechanisms: first, treated individuals are more likely to migrate, to live in cities and to work in occupations outside of agriculture. This in turn, increases their incomes and the religious and ethnic diversity of their social environments. Second, we employ an additional identification strategy to show that the educational content under Suharto emphasizing the national unity of Indonesia is an important mechanism underlying the estimated treatment effects.
MINI-REVIEW Colorectal Cancer Screening among Asian Americans

Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer for all US populations including Asian Americans. CRC screening has considerable benefits to prevent CRC and reduce mortality. The purpose of this article was to review the published literature on rates of colorectal cancer screening and factors associated with colorectal cancer screening practice among Asian Americans. Methods: Through searching electronic reference databases from 2000 to 2013, 30 articles were found on Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans. Findings: Asian Americans had significantly low ratesfor CRC screening; Korean Americans reported the lowest rates, while higher screening rates were found among Japanese Americans. Older age, longer length of stay in the US, and having a physician’s recommendation were the most common facilitators to receiving screening. The common inhibiting factors were financial issues, employment status, and worries/fears about the procedure. Conclusions: Despite a number of Asian Americans being vulnerable to CRC, individual Asian subgroups were underserved with CRC screening and intervention. Further studies should focus on each individual Asian subgroup and culturally proficient CRC screening intervention programs should be developed for each.
Economic Environmental Factors and Employee Turnover: Evidence from Selected Plastic Manufacturing Firms in Lagos State, Nigeria

enecial economic environment is one of the environmental factors that B opens door of business activities as a driving force to organisations to attracting customers, retain employees and ultimately achieve set goals. Despite the importance of economic environmental factors, many organisations pay little or no attention, move on to establishing businesses which consequently encourage employee turnover to more attractive environment leading to little or nonperformance. This study examined the effect of economic environment on employee turnover of selected plastic manufacturing rms in Lagos State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. The population was 7,140 employees of ve selected plastic manufacturing companies in Lagos State. A sample size of 475 was determined by Cochran formula. Stratied random sampling technique was adopted. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefcients for the constructs ranged from 0.770 to 0.794. The response rate was 90.5%. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that Economic environmental factor had signicant effect on employee 2 turnover ( R = 0.330, F (1, 438) = 215.631, p < 0.05). The study concluded that economic environment had statistical signicant effect on employee turnover of selected plastic manufacturing rms in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study recommended that Plastic manufacturing companies should key into the economic benets of building a suitable business environment as it is suggested that a benecial economic environment would enhance the growth rate of plastic manufacturing rms while encouraging staff retention. Additionally, plastic manufacturing companies in Nigeria need to develop a clear business environment and vision through a process of high quality dialogue with both employees and other stake holders as to achieve set goals.
Language Teaching Research

Despite ample research examining second (L2) and foreign language (FL) teacher feedback, research situated in French as a foreign language (FFL) contexts is scarce, in particular studies that examine the beliefs and practices of corrective written feedback (WCF) among FFL teachers. The present study seeks to address this gap by investigating the WCF beliefs and practices of FFL teachers in an undergraduate program in Costa Rica. The participants in this study were five teachers teaching in an FFL program in the Modern Languages School at a large university in Costa Rica. Data were gathered using an online questionnaire, a semi-structured interview, and samples of students’ writing with teacher feedback. The findings revealed that the participants held common beliefs concerning writing, teaching writing, feedback provision in an FL, and the interdependent relationship among teaching, learning, and feedback in an FFL writing class. The results also showed that participants’ beliefs and practices regarding various aspects of written corrective feedback (CF) tended to be aligned, specifically in terms of the use of comprehensive indirect error-coded WCF and the use of evaluation grids. Implications and future research avenues are discussed.
Adaptive Contrast Enhancement of Satellite Images Based on Histogram and Non-linear Transfer Function Methods

— Satellite images are widely used in various fields as they are important, especially in monitoring activities. Change detection is one such activity that assesses differences in satellite images over time. However, weather and environmental effects may degrade the quality of images. Therefore, the image quality needs to be enhanced before processing the image. This study examined a number of adaptive contrast enhancement approaches based on histogram & non-linear transfer functions, as well as the impact of adopting multiple colour spaces for enhancement. We proposed an enhancement method where the L channel in the CIE LAB colour space was enhanced through a combination of the adaptive gamma correction method with weighting distribution (AGCWD) and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalisation (CLAHE). We also advocated using average ranking to select the best method by averaging the various metrics. Improving the performance of change detection, our technique produced the highest average rank of BRISQUE and RMSE contrast values compared to the other methods.
Clínica y Salud

The COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected the mental health of children and adolescents. In Spain, numerous studies have been carried out about the emotional impact on this population. The objective of this paper is to examine, through a systematic review, the most immediate psychological effects of the pandemic on Spanish children and adolescents and the related variables. A search was conducted, obtaining 356 articles of which 27 met the inclusion criteria. The studies reviewed address emotional problems, emotion-regulation problems, anxiety, depression
The Citizen‐Candidate Model with Imperfect Policy Control: Strategic Delegation and Polarization

We present a modified citizen-candidate model where the implemented policy arises from a compromise between the government and an unelected external power. We show that the two-candidate equilibria of this model differ significantly from the original: however small the cost of candidacy, the distance between the candidates' policies, both ideal and implemented, remains strictly above a threshold. Moreover, there may be one-candidate equilibria in which the only candidate is not the one most preferred by the median voter. Both results point out that, even with negligible cost of entry, there are limits to strategic delegation.
Staying, Dropping, or Switching: The Impacts of Bank Mergers on SMEs

This paper studies the impact of bank mergers on firm-bank lending relationships using detailed loan contract data from Belgium. We argue that in order to accurately gauge the heterogeneous impacts of mergers, the analysis must distinguish borrowers not only by their relationship with the acquiring versus the target bank in a merger and by firm size, but also by whether they have single versus multiple-bank relationships. For single-relationship borrowers, it is necessary to go beyond the usual comparison of relationship continuation and discontinuation to analyze the three alternatives of staying, dropping, and switching. For multiple-relationship borrowers, relationship intensity also plays a role.
Haemophilus In�uenzae One Day in Denmark: Prevalence, Circulating Clones, and Dismal Resistance to Aminopenicillins

Purpose Haemophilus in�uenzae is a common cause of mucosal infections that warrants accurate surveillance. We aimed to assess the prevalence of the species in clinical specimens, and characterise population structure and resistance to aminopenicillins by whole genome sequencing. Methods We assessed the point prevalence by entering the database records of one day in Denmark, and examined the genome sequences of nationwide, collected isolates from the same day. Results
A Minimum Problem of Cepstral-based Clustering for Time Series

—We study the minimum problem proposed by a recently published paper to point out that their formulated optimal solution is incomplete since in their formulations variables are mingled together. For a reduced version of their minimum problem, we convert the objective function from six variables into a variable minimum problem. For a special case of the fuzzy controlling parameter, we derive an approximated formulated solution that attains the minimum value within (cid:2777). (cid:2777)(cid:2779)(cid:2777)(cid:2785)% average estimation error. In the direction of future research, we propose a minimum problem under symmetric expressions.
University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository

Disruptive social events such as the COVID-19 pandemic can have a significant impact on sex trafficking and the working conditions of victims, yet these effects have been little understood. This paper examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sex trafficking in the United States, based on analysis of over one million sexual service advertisements from the online platform Rubratings.com, using indicators of third-party management as potential proxies for trafficking. Our results show that there have been measurable changes in online commercial sexual service advertising, both with and without third-party management indicators, in the United States, with a significant decrease occurring around the time of the start of the pandemic and the issuance of stay-at-home orders followed by an increase to levels well above pre-pandemic levels corresponding in time to when COVID-related restrictions were relaxed. We argue that the initial decrease could have been induced by a loss of demand for sexual services due to pandemic-related health concerns, but that a confluence of factors, including the lack of economic and social support for those working in the commercial sex industry, may have increased the number of people vulnerable to being exploited and becoming trafficking victims. This research adds to the understanding of the way sex trafficking adapts to events in the public sphere.
Coordinated bi-directional traf ﬁ cking of synaptic vesicle and active zone proteins in peripheral nerves

Synaptic transmission is mediated by neurotransmitters that are stored in synaptic vesicles (SV) and released at the synaptic active zone (AZ). While in recent years major progress has been made in unraveling the molecular machinery responsible for SV docking, fusion and exocytosis, the mechanisms governing AZ protein and SV traf ﬁ cking through axons still remain unclear. Here, we performed stop-ﬂ ow nerve ligation to examine axonal traf ﬁ cking of endogenous AZ and SV proteins. Rat sciatic nerves were collected 1 h, 3 h and 8 h post ligation and processed for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. First, we followed the transport of an integral synaptic vesicle protein, SV2A and a SV-associated protein involved in SV traf ﬁ cking, Rab3a, and observed that while SV2A accumulated on both sides of ligation, Rab3a was only noticeable in the proximal segment of the ligated nerve indicating that only SV trans -membrane protein SV2A displayed a bi-directional axonal transport. We then demonstrate that multiple AZ proteins accumulate rapidly on either side of the ligation with a timescale similar to that of SV2A. Overall, our data uncovers an unexpected robust bi-directional, coordinated -traf ﬁ cking of SV and AZ proteins in peripheral nerves. This implies that pathological disruption of axonal traf ﬁ cking will not only impair traf ﬁ cking of newly synthesized proteins to the synapse but will also affect retrograde transport, leading to neuronal dysfunction and likely neurodegeneration. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open
Critical Discourse Analysis Of Newspapers’ Articles: CPEC In The Lens Of Lexicalization

CPEC, the phenomenon economically significant in Pakistan has been studied theoretically through critical discourse analysis of ideology in multiple studies however; the studies on how such ideologies are lexically accounted are observed scanty in literature. Given the fact that ideologies are very crucial in dealing with the subject like CPEC in print media in Pakistan, this study investigates the ways the news gets covered in the Pakistani leading English /Urdu newspapers: The News and Daily Dawn/ Daily Jang and The Express expressing the ideological pursuits of economical phenomenon. The main objective of the study is to investigate the lexical items used in English newspapers in Pakistan dealing the economical news like CPEC. This paper adopts the theoretical model by Fairclough that is equivalent to Halliday’s theoretical model on ‘lexicalisation’. The findings indicate that same news subject has been depicted with different tone affecting the intensity of the news. The study is distinctive in its nature for its originality as it is interdisciplinary study and its findings are in line with the existing literature on media conflict.
Interprofessional Collaboration and Smartphone Use as Promising Strategies to Improve Prenatal Oral Health Care Utilization among US Underserved Women – Results from a Qualitative Study

Lin Wang University of Rochester Medical Center Johana Ren University of Rochester Kevin Fiscella University of Rochester Medical Center Sherita Bullock Healthy Baby Network Mechelle R Sanders University of Rochester Medical Center Elizabeth Loomis University of Rochester Medical Center Eli Eliav University of Rochester Medical Center Michael Mendoza Monroe County Department of Public Health Rita Cacciato University of Rochester Medical Center Marie Thomas University of Rochester Medical Center Dorota T Kopycka-Kedzierawski University of Rochester Medical Center Ronald J Billings University of Rochester Medical Center Jin Xiao (  jin_xiao@urmc.rochester.edu ) Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-2520
The Role of Advertising in Creating Awareness on Sales in Cadbury Nigeria Plc

n an imperfect market situation, an organization has to plan a superior product development, advertise it using all promotional tools and strategies to create awareness. The essence is to uphold the superior strength of such products. This I study is aimed at examining the role of advertising in creating awareness on sales in Cadbury Nigeria plc. Data required for this study was gathered from two sources, the first from a field study and the second from text books, journals and past studies. The population for this study was 195 employees in the marketing and sales department of Cadbury Nigeria plc. Lagos, the sample size derived from the population was 131. Questionnaires were administered for elicitation of relevant responses and data gathered were analyzed using simple percentage and frequency tables and finally hypothesis test was carried out using regression with the aid of statistical package for social science (SPSS). Result indicated there is a significant relationship between advertising and awareness of Cadbury Nigeria's products R= 90.2%, R2 = 83.8%. This study recommends that organizations should invest more resources in advertisement as a means of creating proper awareness of their products/services.
Dynamics of Output Growth , Consumption and Physical Capital in Two-Sector Models of Endogenous Growth

This paper shows that, by disentangling the degree of monopolistic distortion from the elasticity of substitution between domestic and imported goods, we can obtain a negative response of the trade balance to positive monetary shocks, without introducing capital accumulation. This result could reconcile the class of models à la Obstfeld and Rogo¤ (1996, ch. 10) with the stylized fact of counter-cyclical trade balances.
Dynamics of Output Growth, Consumption and Physical Capital in Two-Sector Models of Endogenous Growth

We present a model of optimal contracting between a purchaser (a principal) and a provider (an agent). We assume that: a) providers di¤er in e¢ ciency and there are two types of provider; b) e¢ ciency is private information (adverse selection); c) providers are partially altruistic or intrinsically motivated; d) they have limited liability. Four types of separating equilibrium can emerge, depending on the degree of altruism, characterised as very low, low, high and very high. i) For very low altruism the quantity of the e¢ cient and ine¢ cient types is distorted upwards and downwards respectively; the e¢ cient type makes a positive pro t. ii) For low altruism the quantity of the e¢ cient and ine¢ cient types is also distorted respectively upwards and downwards, but pro ts are zero for both types. iii) For high altruism the rst best is attained: no distortions on quantities and zero pro ts. iv) For very high altruism the quantity of the ine¢ cient type is distorted upwards, and the quantity of the e¢ cient type is distorted either upwards or downwards. The ine¢ cient type might have a positive pro t. The quantity of the e¢ cient type is higher than that of the ine¢ cient type in all four possible equilibria. The transfer for the e¢ cient type can be higher or lower than the ine¢ cient one, unless altruism tends to zero in which case the transfer for the e¢ cient type is higher. The utility of the e¢ cient type is higher than that of the ine¢ cient one when altruism is very low, low or high, though not necessarily when altruism is very high.
Daily recovery from work-related effort during non-work time

The aim of this chapter is to provide a literature review on daily recovery during non-work time. Specifically, next to discussing theories that help us understand the process of recovery, we will clarify how recovery and its potential outcomes have been conceptualized so far. Consequently, we present empirical findings of diary studies addressing the activities that may facilitate or hinder daily recovery. We will pay special attention to potential mechanisms that may underlie the facilitating or hindering processes. Owing to the limited research on daily recovery, we will review empirical findings on predictors and outcomes of a related construct, namely need for recovery. We conclude with an overall framework from which daily recovery during non-work time can be understood. In this framework, we claim that daily recovery is an important moderator in the process through which job characteristics and their related strain may lead to unfavorable states on a daily basis.
Rising Wave Of Social Media: Empowering University Students Through Online And Offline Political Participation

Youngsters’ frequent use of facebook and twitter has facilitated their political expression and transformed the traditional ways of political participation. Combining Dahl’s theory of ‘Democratic Processes’ and Habermas’s theory of ‘Public Sphere’, the current study provides an extension to the theory by examining: (1) the role of social media political expression in fostering the democratic process through online and offline political participation of university students in Pakistan. Further, the study also fills the gap by analyzing the association between their achieved level of online and offline political participation in the context of Pakistan’s struggling democracy. The data is collected from May 15 to July 31, 2020, through survey of 750 students, both male and female, from different universities in four provinces of Pakistan. Study reveals high-level association of social media political expression with online political participation and medium-level association with offline political participation. Male students appear more active in online and offline political activities than female students. Certain variations on the bases of performed activities and demographic characteristics prevail. Moreover, the study includes split model analysis on the bases of gender, study disciplines and province. Previous studies have focused on social media political participation but not as a democratic function. The major contribution of the study is that it develops a framework that connects the theory of democratic process with new practices of democratic participation.
Financial Complexity and Small Business Survival in Kubwa Abuja, FCT, Nigeria

he study investigates �nancial complexity and small business survival in T Kubwa, Abuja, FCT Nigeria. �e main objective of the study is to investigate the eﬀect of �nancial complexity and small business survival in Kubwa Abuja. �e study adopts both descriptive and causal research designs to analyze the cause and eﬀect between �nancial complexity and small business survival in Kubwa Abuja. �e population of the study is 135 and statistically adopted the sampled size of 101 respondents to analyze and interpreted data collected via primary sources using structured and closed-ended questionnaires. A�er the critical analysis of the sourced data, �ndings from the study show that �nancial complexity is the major challenge to small businesses growth and expansion in Kubwa Abuja and the external fund is the most diﬃcult source of �nance for most small businesses in Nigeria. �e study concluded that proof from the previous studies and this study shows that external sources of funds have high complexity in �nancing small businesses in Abuja. Findings also expose that there are �nancial prospects for small businesses' survival in the mix of �nancial complexity. �e study recommended that the �nancial complexity experienced by small businesses in Nigeria can be minimized by the small business managers.