Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population‐level monitoring of stress in grizzly bears between 2004 and 2014

Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in west-central Alberta occupy an increasingly human-dominated landscape. Natural resource extraction activities are hypothesized to increase stress in animals that reside in such changing landscapes by influencing habitat and resource availability. Our study aimed to determine whether stress, represented by hair cortisol concentration (HCC), was associated with variables related to landscape conditions in a population that increased by 7% annually from 2004 to 2014. Hair samples (n = 157) were collected using barbwire hair snags placed throughout the Yellowhead bear management area in Alberta, Canada. Candidate models were developed a priori representing hypotheses related to biologically and ecologically plausible relationships between HCC and landscape variables. Generalized linear model analysis with landscape attributes representing anthropogenic disturbance, food resource availability, and terrain conditions was used to determine potential drivers of HCC. We found support (DAICc ≤ 2.00) for three models that included variables from each hypothesis. Anthropogenic variables had the greatest impact on HCC; increasing oil and gas well-site density resulted in reduced HCC, while increasing distance to coal mines resulted in elevated HCC. Hair cortisol concentration also increased as forest crown closure became more variable, while HCC decreased as the soil wetness (represented by compound topographic index) increased. Some forms of anthropogenic disturbance have been linked to increased food availability for this species. Therefore, we suggest that changes in landscape conditions from 2004 to 2014 may have indirectly increased food abundance and ultimately resulted in a reduction in HCC at a population level during this time period. Measuring HCC provides a non-invasive and important monitoring strategy to assess the impact of environmental change on residing species and should be considered in landscape management decisions.
Comparative efficacy of dry cow therapy and internal teat sealant on intramammary infection during subsequent lactation

In the present study cows were screened 75 day before expected date of calving by using MCMT, somatic cell count and pH. Then positive cows for subclinical mastitis were randomly divided into four groups, each comprising of 8 cows. MCMT, SCC and pH evaluation were performed in milk samples of all the 32 cattle under therapy on day 0 pre-treatment (at drying off) and 7, 45 and 90 post treatment (after calving). The result revealed significant decrease in SCC and MCMT grading in all the treatment groups that reached towards normal after treatment. On the basis of MCMT grading and drastic reduction in SCC on 7, 45 and 90 day post treatment in animals of group T3 (Ceftiofur hydrochloride and Internal Teat sealant) revealed highest recovery followed by T1 (Ceftiofur hydrochloride) and T2 (Teat sealant (Bismuth subnitrate) alone.
The effect of perceived service fairness toward relationship quality and switching intention (a case study of patient from X generation and Y generation in a hospital)

This research was conducted with the hypothesis of the influence of perceived service fairness (which consists of price fairness, procedural fairness, interactional fairness and outcome fairness) variables on relationship quality (consisting of trust and commitment variables) and switching intention and their differences in generation X and Y. Survey was conducted to find out the factors that affect the switching intention patient behaviour and it is found that the physician factor is the dominant factor. The study was conducted at one of the hospitals in Central Jakarta which using 524 respondents, who were included in the criteria of 600 target respondents, of which 40% generation X and 60% generation Y, the study is using qualitative and quantitative research, and the type of research is exploratory research. This study is using PLS-SEM analysis method. It obtained results, which are far different from the existing reference, where the hypothesis of perceived fairness and service relationship qualilty with switching intention are all rejected. The differences between generation X and Y, A relationship of trust with switching intention in, it is found that price fairness is related to commitment in generation X, vice versa in Y generation. It concluded that in some input for hospital management and provides thoughts on the need for other studies in hospitals that have different characteristics from the study sites as the need for deeper research related to physician factors.
Effects of calcium products applications on quality and shelf life of four peach varieties

Preharvest foliar calcium (Ca) products sprays (@ 1%) supplied as Ca oxide, Ca chloride, or Ca thiosulfate were applied on four peach cvs. to determine the effect of Ca formulations on fruit quality and shelf life. Treatments were designed to cover the entire period of fruit growth from fruit set to maturity, thus each calcium formulation was applied three to four times at 6 to 15-days interval depending on fruit growth rate. Multiple harvest times were realized with the progress of fruit commercial maturity, fruit samples of the first and last harvest of each cv. were either analyzed or stored for shelf life evaluation. Treatments with Ca products resulted in a significant increase in fruit firmness, for both harvests of all peach cvs. , maximum increase was obtained by Ca chloride applications in three cvs. , while fruit acidity was slightly increased in three varieties. Applications of Ca also reduced the number of fruit with split pit. Postharvest fruit weight loss was decreased by Ca treatments after 8 days storage; maximum storage period occurred with Ca chloride treatment, followed by Ca oxide treatment at the second position. Decay incidence was consistently reduced by Ca application for all peach cvs, mostly for the first harvest, relatively to the second one; the lowest rate of decay was recorded for Ca chloride treatment. Keys words: Prunus persica, firmness, storage, decay incidence
Positively-charged electrosprayed nanoparticles based on biodegradable polymers containing amphotericin B for the treatment of leishmaniasis

Abstract Poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) electrosprayed nanoparticles (NPs) containing Amphotericin B (AMB) were prepared for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Two variations of PCL nanoparticles with positive surface charges, which can enhance cell uptake and restrict agglomeration, were produced: (1) NPs containing stearylamine and (2) core-shell nanoparticles, with chitosan in the shell and PCL and AMB in the core. The results proved the viability of producing positively charged PCL nanoparticles with AMB, with diameters <350 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of the drug was higher than 75%. The electrosprayed nanoparticles containing AMB were much less cytotoxic to cells than that of pure AMB. Graphical Abstract
A Comparative Study of Design Evaluation with Virtual Prototypes Versus a Physical Product

Design evaluation is an important stage in the product development process. Virtual prototypes enable economic design evaluation with higher flexibility, but the evaluation effectiveness may be limited compared to that of the real product. Few studies have analyzed whether or not virtual prototypes are comparable with the real product on the evaluation of product attributes. In this study, we conducted two-stage experiments to compare the effectiveness of design evaluation by using virtual prototypes versus the product they aim to represent. Numerous design features were evaluated from a physical appearance and usability point of view with assessment measurements including performance accuracy and the emotional responses of the users. The experimental results revealed that the visual virtual prototypes were typically not as effective in estimating the physical and appearance features, while no significant difference was observed in the usability between the evaluation media. The visual virtual prototypes tended to invoke more negative and passive emotional states in comparison to the actual product. However, with the addition of instant sensory feedback, the emotional responses were raised to a more positive and active level, which was similar to the one observed with the physical product. The findings of this study indicate the shortcomings of using virtual prototypes in the design evaluation process. Our conclusions may assist future studies in improving the practicality of virtual prototyping by the addition of useful features.
The relationship between education, agency, and socialization goals in a sample of mothers of preschoolers

ABSTRACT The Ecocultural Model of Development states that parents’ cultural model mediates the relationship between their educational level and their socialization goals. Cultural models refer to beliefs shared by members of a community, and they result from the combination of two dimensions: agency and interpersonal distance. Moreover, both agency and interpersonal distance are made up of explicit and implicit components. In the present study, we focused on how the explicit and the implicit components of the agency dimension of the cultural model are related to mothers’ educational level and socialization goals. The results on this sample (N = 141) suggest that there was a significant indirect effect of mothers’ educational level on their heteronomous socialization goals through the implicit component of the agency dimension, namely attributional style. The higher the mothers’ educational level, the more they attributed other individuals’ behaviour internally and the less they valued socialization goals focused on heteronomy. Moreover, the results suggest that the implicit component of agency is related to mothers’ socialization goals, while the explicit component is not. This is in concordance with research showing that the implicit components of individuals’ cultural model can be better used to differentiate between individuals from different cultures.
Characterizing the Preservation Potential of Buried Marine Archaeological Sites

The preservation potential of sediments from a submerged prehistoric site buried in a full marine environment was assessed using a combination of direct in situ measurements, measurements on extracted sediment cores and laboratory mesocosm experiments. The results show that first and foremost it is paramount to ascertain the state of preservation of the materials in the seabed—in this case wooden artifacts—that are to be preserved in situ. The results suggest that dissolved oxygen and sulfide are good parameters to measure in situ to assess the general oxidizing or reducing nature of the environment. If it is possible to take sediment core samples, it is similarly important to measure dissolved oxygen and hydrogen sulfide in the core and extract pore water to assess for sulfate content. Sediments should be characterized for particle size, water content (porosity) and organic content. In this way, we show that dissolved oxygen was rapidly depleted in the first few centimeters of sediment, thereafter sulfate reduction dominated the geochemical processes. Coarser sediment types with high porosity and low organic content have lower rates of organic material turnover, indicating better preservation conditions.
Bacterial Strains and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Male Urinary Tract Infections in Duhok Province, Iraq

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases at the community level, worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the main pathogens responsible for male UTI in the community. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 211 subjects with UTI between January 2017 and February 2020. The samples were inoculated directly on MacConkey and Blood agar and then incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Samples with a colony count of ≥ 105 CFU/mL bacteria were considered positive. Bacterial colonies were determined by standard culture and biochemical characteristics, and their susceptibility to different antibiotics was identified by the Vitek-2 compact equipment. Results: The vast majority of the bacteria were Gram-negative (170 [80.6%]), while 41 (19.4%) of them were Gram-positive. The highest infection was by Escherichia coli (52.6%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.2%). Staphylococcus spp. were the most common Gram-positive bacteria (13.8%). The highest susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates was found to imipenem (96.4%), and the highest resistance rate was to ampicillin (96.4%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all commonly used antibiotics, and around 86% was susceptible to ertapenem (86.7%). It was also found that Staphylococcus strains were resistant to benzylpenicillin (100%) and sensitive to linezolid (100%), tigecycline (100%), and nitrofurantoin (100%). Conclusions: E. coli isolates were the most frequent pathogens causing UTI in males, followed by P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. The vast majority of isolates were resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin. This is an alarming situation, and an urgent plan to control antibacterial resistance is required in the region.
A Mixed Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication Model for Wear Calculation in Artificial Hip Joints

The aim of this paper was to propose a novel in silico mixed elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication model with the purpose of wear prediction in Total Hip Replacements (THRs). The model considers the progressive wear contribution in the calculation of the meatus filled by the non-Newtonian synovial fluid. The results were referred to the gait cycle kinematics, calculated by using musculoskeletal multibody software, while the loading was assumed by literature in vivo measurements. The simulations allow evaluating the fluid and the contact pressure fields and the acetabular cup wear over the time. The results were obtained considering a Ultra High Molecular Weight PolyEthylene, UHMWPE, cup and were compared with results from the literature, showing a good agreement in terms of total volume wear of the cup.
A new look at the relationships between transformational leadership and employee attitudes—Does a high‐performance work system substitute and/or enhance these relationships?

Funding information Academy of Finland, Grant/Award Number: 308843; Vuorineuvos Marcus Wallenbergin säätiö foundation, Grant/Award Number: Abstract Even while attempting to explain the same outcomes, research on leadership and on human resource management (HRM) have largely progressed on parallel trajectories. We extend recent efforts to bring these fields closer together by testing how employee perceptions of a high-performance work system (HPWS) and transformational leadership (TL), independently and jointly, influence four important employee attitudes. Analyses of 308 subordinates of 76 managers in five multinational companies suggest that a HPWS substitutes for much of the independent influence of TL and constitutes an important boundary condition for some of this influence. Implications for future research on HRM and leadership are discussed.
Progression of Cognitive-Affective States During Learning in Kindergarteners: Bringing Together Physiological, Observational and Performance Data

It has been shown that combining data from multiple sources, such as observations, self-reports, and performance with physiological markers offers better insights into cognitive-affective states during the learning process. Through a study with 12 kindergarteners, we explore the role of utilizing insights from multiple data sources, as a potential arsenal to supplement and complement existing assessments methods in understanding cognitive-affective states across two main pedagogical approaches—constructionist and instructionist—as children explored learning a chosen Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) concept. We present the trends that emerged across pedagogies from different data sources and illustrate the potential value of additional data channels through case illustrations. We also offer several recommendations for such studies, particularly when collecting physiological data, and summarize key challenges that provide potential avenues for future work.
Integrated nutrient management and relationship studies in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) under rainfed conditions

Field experiment was conducted on clay soil during kharif season of 2014-15 at College farm, Latur, VNMKV, Parbhani, Maharashtra to study the effect of various sources of nutrients viz., organic manures, inorganic, biofertilizers and their combinations on growth parameters and yield attributes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) cv. ‘Konkan Sadhabahar’. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) and replicated thrice. The results revealed that significantly the maximum plant height (30.0 cm), drymatter production (17.5 g per plant), branches per plant (5.9), functionl leaves per plant (14.0) and leaf area per plant (12.1 dm2) were recorded with the application of 75 per cent RDF + Bio-fertilizers + vermicompost @ 1.25 t ha-1 as compared to other treatments. In respect of yield per hectare and over all yield contributing factors viz., pods per plant (6.6), pod yield per plant (7.7 g), seed yield (1066 kg ha-1) and straw yield (2707 kg ha-1) recorded significantly higher in 75 per cent RDF+Bio-fertilizers + vermicompost @ 1.25 t ha-1. The increased supply of N and P through organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and Biofertilizers like Rhizobium and Phosphorous Solubilising Bacteria (PSB) and higher uptake by plants contributed to increased rate of physiological processes in plant and led to higher growth and yield attributes. Correlation coefficients resulted significant positive relationships between growth, yield contributing traits and seed yield.
Numerical Investigations of Interhemispheric Asymmetry due to Ionospheric Conductance

Due to differences in solar illumination, a geomagnetic field line may have one foot point in a dark ionosphere while the other ionosphere is in daylight. This may happen near the terminator under solstice conditions. In this situation, a resonant wave mode may appear, which has a node in the electric field in the sunlit (high conductance) ionosphere and an antinode in the dark (low conductance) ionosphere. Thus, the length of the field line is one quarter of the wavelength of the wave, in contrast with half‐wave field line resonances in which both ionospheres are nodes in the electric field. These quarter waves have resonant frequencies that are roughly a factor of 2 lower than the half‐wave frequency on the field line. We have simulated these resonances using a fully three‐dimensional model of ULF waves in a dipolar magnetosphere. The ionospheric conductance is modeled as a function of the solar zenith angle, and so this model can describe the change in the wave resonance frequency as the ground magnetometer station varies in local time. The results show that the quarter‐wave resonances can be excited by a shock‐like impulse at the dayside magnetosphere and exhibit many of the properties of the observed waves. In particular, the simulations support the notion that a conductance ratio between day and night foot points of the field line must be greater than about 5 for the quarter waves to exist.
Global View of Ionospheric Disturbance Impacts on Kinematic GPS Positioning Solutions During the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm

The 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm caused numerous disturbances of the ionosphere, particularly, plasma irregularities, large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances, and equatorial ionization anomaly enhancement. This study for the first time quantifies the global‐scale impacts of the ionospheric disturbances on Global Positioning System (GPS) precise point positioning (PPP) solutions during this extreme space weather event by taking advantage of 5,500 + GNSS stations installed worldwide. The overall impact was more severe at high latitudes, while PPP degradation at low latitudes was associated with different types of ionospheric disturbances. Specifically, our results show that kinematic PPP solutions degraded following an intensified auroral particle precipitation during the storm's main phase (06–23 UT) when up to ~70% of the high‐latitude stations experienced degraded position solutions in the multimeter range at 16–18 UT. Around magnetic noon and midnight, the storm‐induced plasma irregularities caused notable PPP errors (>10 m) at high latitudes. Interhemispheric differences were observed with a more severe impact seen in the Southern Hemisphere, where PPP outage lasted for ~12 hr during the second main phase (12–23 UT). At low latitudes, post sunset equatorial plasma irregularities were suppressed across most longitudes, but large PPP errors (>2 m) associated with storm‐induced plasma bubbles were registered at the Indian sector at 14–18 UT. The storm‐induced equatorial ionization anomaly enhancement and large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances were responsible for the low‐latitude PPP degradation at dayside sectors. This study fills the research gap between physical and practical aspects of severe ionospheric storm effects.
The Good Politician and Political Trust: An Authenticity Gap in British Politics?

There are three broad sets of qualities that citizens might expect politicians to display: competence, integrity and authenticity. To be authentic, a politician must be judged to be in touch with the lives and outlooks of ordinary people and previous research has suggested that this expectation has grown more prevalent in recent times. In this article, we use survey evidence from Britain – from citizens, parliamentarians and journalists – to explore which groups are prone to judge politicians by which criteria. While all groups give the highest absolute importance to integrity traits, we establish that distrusting citizens are significantly more likely to prioritise authenticity. For political elites and journalists, we find indications that authenticity is less valued than among citizens: politicians place more relative importance on integrity traits while journalists value competence most. We reflect on these findings and how they help us understand the growing crisis afflicting British politics.