Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of anti-activation at the Pseudomonas sp. ADP 2 N -dependent promoter

22 P atzT is an internal promoter of the atzRSTUVW operon directing the synthesis of 23 AtzT, AtzU, AtzV and AtzW, components of an ABC-type cyanuric acid transport system. 24 P atzT is σ N -dependent, activated by the general nitrogen control regulator NtrC with the 25 assistance of IHF, and repressed by the LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) AtzR. 26 We have used a variety of in vivo and in vitro gene expression and protein-DNA interaction 27 assays to assess the mechanisms underlying AtzR-dependent repression of P atzT . Here 28 we show that repression only occurs when AtzR and NtrC interact simultaneously with the 29 P atzT promoter region, indicating that AtzR acts as an anti-activator to antagonize 30 activation by NtrC. Furthermore, repression requires a precise rotational orientation of the 31 AtzR and NtrC binding sites, strongly suggesting protein-protein interaction between both 32 proteins on the promoter region. Further exploration of the anti-activation mechanism 33 showed that although AtzR-dependent repression occurs prior to open complex formation, 34 AtzR does not alter the oligomerization state of NtrC or inhibit NtrC ATPase activity when 35 bound to the P atzT promoter region. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that 36 P atzT -bound AtzR interacts with NtrC to prevent coupling of NtrC-mediated ATP 37 hydrolysis with the remodeling of the interactions between E- σ N and P atzT that lead to 38 open complex formation. and -116) AtzR a preformed AtzR-His 6 -P atzT complex concentrations of NtrC gradual emergence of the NtrC footprinting signature at NtrC1 and promoter-distal half of NtrC2, no apparent effect on the AtzR footprint. These results are fully consistent with the gel mobility shift results 323 indicating that NtrC and AtzR simultaneously bind the P atzT promoter region, although we
Evaluating the Evolution of Construction Management Students’ Conﬂict Management Styles as a Result of Andragogical Methods

oriented Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is becoming common in construction thought and practice. Although IPD has its success stories and continues to grow, IPD failures exist. Much of the research on IPD focuses on both the integration of technology and contractual restructuring to encourage collaboration however, less attention is given to culture and how to manage conflict within this changed environment. A common reason cited for IPD failures is that some construction managers had difficulty adjusting to operate within this new environment despite being successful in other more traditional methods. IPD, a collaborative approach to project delivery demands a change from the traditional non-cooperative mindset and requires construction managers to manage conflict from a more collaborative perspective. Initial results acquired through the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI), which categorizes conflict management styles, indicate that construction management (CM) students’ conflict management styles at Central Washington University (CWU) tend to be non-cooperative. Left unchecked, this could further establish a non-cooperative culture in the construction industry and thereby, limit the growth and success of future IPD projects. In addition, an inability of the CM student to operate in a collaborative manner may significantly impede their ability to compete in a changing industry. Therefore, students in an undergraduate CM program at CWU learn the value of collaborative conflict management through andragogical methods that challenge their non-cooperative propensities. The andragogical methods used include active learning games and conflict-infused assignments that require students to apply collaborative conflict approaches. This study evaluated the evolution of conflict management styles between the students’ junior and senior years while enrolled in the CM program at CWU. Results were then used to evaluate the andragogical methods used to disseminate conflict management education. Three conflict management styles showed statistically significant differences between the students’ junior and senior years including Avoiding, Compromising, and Collaborating. No statistical difference was indicated for the Competing and Accommodating conflict management styles. In addition, results showed that the students as a group became more collaborative in their conflict management styles between their junior and senior years.
E ﬀ ects of an Initial Muscle Strength Level on Sports Performance Changes in Collegiate Soccer Players

: The purposes of this study were to investigate e ﬀ ects of partial block periodized strength training on physical performance and to examine relationships between initial muscle strength measured with isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and performance changes after 7 weeks of strength training. Seventeen collegiate male soccer players participated. Initial muscle strength was determined using IMTP while physical performance included 10 m and 20 m sprints and static vertical jump with a polyvinyl chloride pipe (SJ0), 20 kg barbell (SJ20), and barbell loaded to 40 kg bar (SJ40). Performance testing was performed at three points: before ﬁrst week (baseline), fourth week (T1), and seventh week (T2). Statistically small to moderate changes were found from baseline to T2 in peak power (PP; p < 0.001, ES = 0.49), net impulse (NI; p < 0.001, ES = 0.49), peak velocity (PV; p < 0.001, ES = 0.62), allometrically scaled PP (PPa; p < 0.001, ES = 0.62) in SJ20 and jump height (JH) in SJ40 ( p < 0.001, ES = 0.36). Moderate to large correlations were found between isometric peak force and the changes from baseline to T2 in SJ20 PP ( p = 0.04, r = − 0.49), SJ20 PF ( p = 0.03, r = − 0.52), PPa ( p = 0.04, r = − 0.50), and SJ20 allometrically scaled peak force ( p = 0.04, r = − 0.49). Properly structured strength training maximizes task-speciﬁc physical performance. Initial muscle strength negatively a ﬀ ects the magnitudes of adaptations to physical performance.
of Suggests That Transdifferentiated Vascular Endothelial Cells Mediate Resistance to Current Standard-of-Care Therapy.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor in human patients, is decidedly heterogeneous and highly vascularized. Glioma stem/initiating cells (GSC) are found to play a crucial role by increasing cancer aggressiveness and promoting resistance to therapy. Recently, cross-talk between GSC and vascular endothelial cells has been shown to signi ﬁ cantly promote GSC self-renewal and tumor progression. Furthermore, GSC also transdifferentiate into bona ﬁ de vascular endothelial cells (GEC), which inherit mutations present in GSC and are resistant to traditional antiangiogenic therapies. Here we use three-dimen-sional mathematical modeling to investigate GBM progression and response to therapy. The model predicted that GSCs drive invasive ﬁ ngering and that GEC spontaneously form a network within the hypoxic core, consistent with published experimental ﬁ ndings. Standard-of-care treatments using DNA-targeted therapy (radiation/chemo) together with antiangiogenic therapies reduced GBM tumor size but increased invasiveness. Anti-GEC treatments blocked the GEC support of GSCs and reduced tumor size but led to increased invasiveness. Anti-GSC therapies that promote differentiation or disturb the stem cell niche effectively reduced tumor invasiveness and size, but were ultimately limited in reducing tumor size because GECs maintain GSCs. Our study suggests that a combinatorial regimen targeting the vasculature, GSCs, and GECs, using drugs already approved by the FDA, can reduce both tumor size and invasiveness eradication. self-renewal probabilities, respectively. In addition, to model the maintenance of GSCs by vascular
Effect of Low-Temperature Stress On Na+/K+- ATPase and Transcriptome Changes in Oreochromis Niloticus Gill Tissues

Zhe Li Southwest university Luting Wen Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences Xia Wu Guangxi Normal University Junqi Qin Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences Zhong Chen Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences Xianhui Pan Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences Kangqi Zhou Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences Yin Huang Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences Qian Deng Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences Yong Lin Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences Xuesong Du (  627380756@qq.com ) Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences
Antibody Production and Differentiation ) Ligands Enhance Human B Cell g (PPAR g Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor

Protective humoral immune responses critically depend on the optimal differentiation of B cells into Ab-secreting cells. Because of the important role of Abs in ﬁghting infections and in successful vaccination, it is imperative to identify mediators that control B cell differentiation. Activation of B cells through TLR9 by CpG-DNA induces plasma cell differentiation and Ab production. Herein, we examined the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) (cid:1) /RXR (cid:2) pathway on human B cell differentiation. We demonstrated that activated B cells up-regulate their expression of PPAR (cid:1) . We also show that nanomolar levels of natural (15-deoxy- (cid:3) 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2 ) or synthetic (rosiglitazone) PPAR (cid:1) ligands enhanced B cell proliferation and signiﬁcantly stimulated plasma cell differentiation and Ab production. Moreover, the addition of GW9662, a speciﬁc PPAR (cid:1) antagonist, abolished these effects. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) is the binding partner for PPAR (cid:1) and is required to produce an active transcriptional complex. The simultaneous addition of nanomolar concentrations of the RXR (cid:2) ligand (9- cis -retinoic acid) and PPAR (cid:1) ligands to CpG-activated B cells resulted in additive effects on B cell proliferation, plasma cell differentiation, and Ab production. Furthermore, PPAR (cid:1) ligands alone or combined with 9- cis -retinoic acid enhanced CpG-induced expression of Cox-2 and the plasma cell transcription factor BLIMP-1. Induction of these important regulators of B cell differentiation provides a possible mechanism for the B cell-enhancing effects of PPAR (cid:1)
Ameliorative role of PTU and rosemary leaves extract in male rats with hyperthyroidism

Here we carried out a comparative study of both propylthiouracil (PTU) and rosemary (Rosemarinus officinyroialis) to verify their effects on Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lipid profile in Levothyroxine induced hyperthyroidism in rats. Four groups, each of 8 rats in group, were used in this study. Distilled water (DW) treated rats were considered as negative control group (C1). The three groups were treated with daily 0.5 mg/kg subcutaneous L4 for 24 days to induce hyperthyroidism. Since day 12th of the experiment DW, PTU 10 mg/kg and aqueous extracts of rosemary 10 mg/kg were orally administrated (C2, T1 and T2), once a day for 12 days. AST, ALT and ALP concentrations, Lipid profile levels and liver histopathology were examined to evaluate the effect of PTU and rosemary on liver function. There were significant increases in sera levels of ALT, AST and ALP in C2 in comparison with those of the C1. While, there were insignificant changes in serum levels of these enzymes in T1 and T2 in comparison to those in C1. On the other hand, L4 induced changes in serum lipid profile as compared to C1; while PTU shows no significant differences of serum lipid profile as compared with C1. The effect of rosemary shows less degree in recovering serum lipid profile comparing to PTU. It is concluded that PTU and rosemary have an ameliorative role on histopathological liver with variance effects on serum ALT, AST, ALP and lipid profile of male rats with hyperthyroidism.
FIBRINOGEN AS THE BIOMARKER OF SUBCLINICAL ATHEROGENESIS IN ADULT MALE SMOKERS.

Smoking of cigarettes is one of the major health hazards of the world population as it is contributing to the cardiovascular diseases and to the increasing proportion of the sudden deaths. Fibrinogen is one of the independent & significant marker of cardiovascular mortality. The aim of the study is to identify the earlier marker of atherogenesis in healthy adult male smokers for the better risk prediction and screening purpose. 60 adult healthy men of age group 19-49 years were enrolled. 30 smokers & 30 non- smoker. Smokers were compared with the non-smokers by doing the blood tests which included blood glucose, lipid profile and Fibrinogen . Smokers had significantly higher levels of total serum cholesterol [245.03±72.82 vs160.07±21.39 p<0.000], LDL levels [149.17±48.87vs. 98.67±14.93p<0.000] and triglyceride levels [152.43±52.40vs. 94.83±17.75p<0.000]. HDL levels were low in smokers. Fibrinogen levels were higher in smokers [644.20±231.38vs300. 20±49.91p<0.000] respectively. There is a positive correlation between the duration of smoking Fibrinogen levels [r=0.917p<0.000]. This case control study shows significantly higher Fibrinogen levels in smokers in proportion to the duration & amount of cigarettes smoked pre day, as compared to the non-smokers. Thus hsCRP & Fibrinogen can be used as the bio markers of sub-clinical atherogenesis screening in healthy adult male smokers.
OPTIMIZING NASAL CANNULAS FOR INFANTS USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

Aerosolized medications can potentially be delivered to the lungs of infants through a nasal cannula interface. However, nose-to-lung delivery technologies currently allow for ~1% of the loaded dose to reach an infant’s lungs. Conventional dry powder inhalers (DPI) are superior to other types of inhalers in many ways. However, passive DPIs that operate based on user inhalation and require large volumes of airflow are not applicable to infants. To overcome this challenge, positive pressure DPIs have been developed that enable aerosol delivery to infants. Unless an adequate nasal interface is used with these devices, a significant amount of drug will still be lost. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provide a method to assess the performance of a nasal cannula interface and optimize its performance. In this study, a CFD model was first experimentally validated using the low-Reynolds number k-ω turbulence model, then used to assess and optimize several conical diffuser cannula designs for infants. The performance of a cannula depends primarily on two requirements: the amount deposited particles and the cannula’s volume. It was found that 90 and 100 mm long simple diffusers achieved the necessary deposition and volume requirements when operated at 3 and 5 liters per minute, respectively. Additionally, including clean sheath co-flow air with the 70 mm long diffuser achieved the targeted performance requirements. Inclusion of recent advancements in the field with the recommended cannula designs is likely to improve pharmaceutical aerosol delivery to infants using the nose-to-lung approach.
ORAL HEALTH CARE AND ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOUR AMONG LOCAL PHARMACISTS IN SRINAGAR- A CROSS ‑ SECTIONAL SURVEY

and behaviours. [4] Community pharmacist can play an important role in the oral health education of individuals and groups and can ABSTRACT Background: Early screening of the diseases and referral by health professionals may benefit to improve the access to oral health measures and to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. Majority of the population approach pharmacists for their health problems. Hence, Pharmacists should have adequate knowledge about oral health and also they should play an active role in oral health promotion, identification and referral. The aim of the present study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of local pharmacists regarding oral healthcare and oral hygiene products in Srinagar. Material and Methods: A survey was conducted among local pharmacists working within Srinagar city using a self ‑ structured, pre ‑ tested, closed ‑ ended questionnaire. The study was conducted among 72 pharmacists of Srinagar city. The data was collected and analyzed. Comparison between variables by Chi square test and ANOVA test with the level of significance set at P <0.05. Results: The response rate was 97.29%. Majority of the pharmacists stocked and dispensed oral health-related products. Toothbrush (34.72%) was the most common oral healthcare product stocked followed by toothpaste and dental floss. Pharmacists advised patients complaining of dental pain to consult a dentist in 45.83% of cases, prescribed medication in 30.55% of cases. Conclusions: Pharmacists working within Srinagar city had moderate knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral health care and oral hygiene products. There is a need for training and comprehensive educational programs to promote good oral hygiene and impart education about correct oral hygiene practices among pharmacists. Oral health knowledge should be inculcated in the curriculum for all health care professionals including Pharmacists.
The Murine C (cid:57) -Terminally Alternatively Spliced Form of p53 Induces Attenuated Apoptosis in Myeloid Cells

The onset of p53-dependent apoptosis results from the accumulation of damaged DNA. Recently, it was shown that the C (cid:42) terminus of the p53 protein plays a central role in sensing damaged DNA. In our present study, we examined the role of the C (cid:42) terminus in the induction of apoptosis. A temperature-sensitive ( ts ) mutant of the alternatively spliced form of p53 (p53AS- ts ) and the ts mutant of the regularly spliced form (p53RS- ts ) were used to generate series of stable clones with increasing amounts of p53 protein. Apoptotic patterns induced by either the regularly spliced p53 product (p53RS) or a C (cid:42) -terminally alternatively spliced p53 product (p53AS) were compared. We found that although both forms of p53 induced apoptosis following expression of the wild-type protein conformation, the kinetics were different. Apoptosis induced by the p53AS protein was attenuated compared to that induced by p53RS. The delay in the manifestation of the apoptotic features following p53AS expression was in agreement with a delay in the regulation of the expression of apoptosis-related genes. The observation that p53 with an altered C (cid:42) terminus is still capable of inducing apoptosis suggests that the actual onset of the apoptotic process most probably involves structural domains other than the C (cid:42) terminus of the
AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Effective Outsourcing Governance: A Configurational Approach

This paper uses a configurational approach to identify dominant outsourcing governance approaches used by practitioners. It also aims to examine whether certain combination(s) of client firm capabilities, supplier firm capabilities, contractual governance elements, and relational governance elements could lead to better outsourcing performance. Four dominant governance approaches emerge based on the data analysis results of 175 client informants, namely, optimal, relationship building, interdependent, and loose control. The results also indicate that three measures of outsourcing performance (financial return, service quality, and innovation) vary differently across these four governance approaches. In addition, this study suggests that more than one governance approach can lead to same outsourcing outcome. This study provides insights to both IS researchers and outsourcing practitioners regarding effective outsourcing governance. Future research could focus on both client and provider’s perspectives and the dynamic nature of outsourcing governance.
Live Cell Analysis of G Protein (cid:1) 5 Complex Formation, Function, and Targeting

The G protein (cid:1) 5 subunit differs from other (cid:1) subunits in having divergent sequence and subcellular localization patterns. Al- though (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 2 modulates effectors, (cid:1) 5 associates with R7 family regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins when purified from tissues. To investigate (cid:1) 5 complex formation in vivo, we used multicolor bimolecular fluorescence complementation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells to compare the abilities of 7 (cid:2) subunits and RGS7 to compete for interaction with (cid:1) 5 . Among the (cid:2) subunits, (cid:1) 5 interacted preferentially with (cid:2) 2 , followed by (cid:2) 7 , and efficacy of phospholipase C- (cid:1) 2 activation correlated with amount of (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) complex formation. (cid:1) 5 also slightly pre- ferred (cid:2) 2 over RGS7. In the presence of coexpressed R7 family binding protein (R7BP), (cid:1) 5 interacted similarly with (cid:2) 2 and RGS7. Moreover, (cid:2) 2 interacted preferentially with (cid:1) 1 rather than (cid:1) 5 . These results suggest that multiple coexpressed proteins influence (cid:1) 5 complex formation. Fluorescent (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 2 labeled dis- crete intracellular structures including the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, whereas (cid:1) 5 RGS7 stained the cyto- plasm diffusely. Coexpression of (cid:3) o targeted both (cid:1) 5 complexes to the plasma membrane, and (cid:3) q also targeted (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 2 to the plasma membrane. The constitutively activated (cid:3) o mu-tant, (cid:3) o R179C, produced greater targeting of (cid:1) 5 RGS7 and less of (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 2 than did (cid:3) o . These results suggest that (cid:3) o may cycle between interactions with (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 2 or other (cid:1)(cid:2) complexes when inactive, and (cid:1) 5 RGS7 when active. Moreover, the ability of (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 2 to be targeted to the plasma membrane by (cid:3) subunits suggests that functional (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 2 complexes can form in intact cells and mediate signaling by G protein-coupled receptors.
High Spatial Resolution Visual Band Imagery Outperforms Medium Resolution Spectral Imagery for Ecosystem Assessment in the Semi-Arid Brazilian

: Semi-arid ecosystems play a key role in global agricultural production, seasonal carbon cycle dynamics, and longer-run climate change. Because semi-arid landscapes are heterogeneous and often sparsely vegetated, repeated and large-scale ecosystem assessments of these regions have to date been impossible. Here, we assess the potential of high-spatial resolution visible band imagery for semi-arid ecosystem mapping. We use WorldView satellite imagery at 0.3–0.5 m resolution to develop a reference data set of nearly 10,000 labeled examples of three classes—trees, shrubs/grasses, and bare land—across 1000 km 2 of the semi-arid Sertão region of northeast Brazil. Using Google Earth Engine, we show that classiﬁcation with low-spectral but high-spatial resolution input (WorldView) outperforms classiﬁcation with the full spectral information available from Landsat 30 m resolution imagery as input. Classiﬁcation with high spatial resolution input improves detection of sparse vegetation and distinction between trees and seasonal shrubs and grasses, two features which are lost at coarser spatial (but higher spectral) resolution input. Our total tree cover estimates for the study area disagree with recent estimates using other methods that may underestimate treecover because they confuse trees with seasonal vegetation (shrubs and grasses). This distinction is important for monitoring seasonal and long-run carbon cycle and ecosystem health. Our results suggest that newer remote sensing products that promise high frequency global coverage at high spatial but lower spectral resolution may offer new possibilities for direct monitoring of the world’s semi-arid ecosystems, and we provide methods that could be scaled to do so. LS8RGB) with at a 30 m we classiﬁcation classiﬁcation performance metrics. suggests spatial-resolution