Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection Using LSTM-Based Variational Autoencoder in Unsupervised Data in Power Grid

This article proposes a deep generative model for anomaly detection in unsupervised power grid data. One-class classifier-based methods suffer from performance degradation when training data contain anomalous samples. Due to the temporal characteristics in most of the power grid datasets, we explore a long short-term memory-variational autoencoder-based deep generative model that can tolerate the moderate presence of anomalous data during training instead of standard data. This work demonstrates the advantage of reconstruction-based methods over clustering-based methods. As part of the reparameterization of the latent layer, a method is proposed by employing wavelet decomposition of the wavelet coefficients found from the high and medium frequency representations of the input time-series data. For further improvement, we have incorporated a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log \text{cos}h$</tex-math></inline-formula>-based cost function instead of the traditional consideration of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> norm-based cost function. The numerical results demonstrate an improvement of performance metrics, such as AUC by 0.1–0.2 of our method over other benchmark methods. The transient stability threshold (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math></inline-formula>) is an important system parameter in the performance assessment of power grid systems. Through time domain simulations, it has been shown that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta =0.3$</tex-math></inline-formula> obtains optimal accuracy for transient stability assessment in the IEEE NewEngland-39 bus.
Parent reported barriers and facilitators to support services for autistic children in Aotearoa New Zealand

We surveyed New Zealand parents of autistic children to identify their perceived barriers and facilitators to accessing support services, including the influence of a family’s level of financial resourcing. A total of 173 completed surveys were analysed. Service pathway factors were the greatest barrier experienced by participants, whereas facilitators related to providers tended to be most helpful. Lower family income was associated with a higher number of reported barriers. Both lower family income and having a child who identified their gender as non-binary were predictive of rating the extent of barriers higher. Parents of younger or of non-speaking autistic children on average reported a greater number of facilitators. Implications of these results for support service delivery and potential areas for future research are discussed. Lay abstract Parents might have problems in getting support services for their autistic child due to certain barriers. However, there might also be things that can ease or facilitate parents’ access to support services. In this study, New Zealand parents were asked about their experiences in getting support services for their autistic child. We also looked at differences in reported barriers and facilitators based on several demographic factors with a focus on family level of financial resourcing. A total of 173 parents completed a survey. The results suggested that parents experienced several barriers, particularly related to service pathways. Facilitators were also experienced, predominantly related to providers. Financial resourcing predicted the number of parent-reported barriers. Both lower level of family financial resourcing and having a non-binary child predicted parents’ rating of the extent of barriers. Child age and level of speech were predictors for reports of experiencing a higher number of facilitators, with parents of younger children or of non-speaking autistic children reporting a greater number of facilitators. We discuss how these results may be useful to support service delivery and identify areas for future research.
Operating in the margins: Women’s lived experience of training and working in orthopaedic surgery in South Africa

Medicine in South Africa (SA), as in other parts of the world, is becoming an increasingly gender diverse profession, yet orthopaedic surgery continues to be dominated by men, with women constituting approximately 5% of the profession in SA. The aim of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore women’s experiences of training and working as orthopaedic surgeons in SA and identify structures, practices, attitudes, and ideologies that may promote or impede the inclusion of women. Data were collected via focus group discussions with women orthopaedic surgeons (n=16). Grounded in phenomenology, data were analysed using thematic analysis following a data-driven inductive approach to making sense of participants’ experiences. Five main themes emerged: i) dynamic working environments and the work of transformation; ii) negotiating competing roles of mother and surgeon; iii) belonging, exclusion and internalised sexism; iv) gaslighting and silencing; and v) acts of resistance – agency and pushing back. The findings highlight the dynamic process in which both men and women contribute to co-creating, re-producing, and challenging practices that make medicine more inclusive.
Realizing Ultrafast and Robust Sodium-Ion Storage of Iron Sulfide Enabled by Heteroatomic Doping and Regulable Interface Engineering

Fe-based sulfides are a promising type of anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities and affordability. However, these materials often suffer from issues such as capacity deterioration and poor conductivity during practical application. To address these challenges, an N-doped Fe7S8 anode with an N, S co-doped porous carbon framework (PPF-800) was synthesized using a template-assisted method. When serving as an anode for SIBs, it delivers a robust and ultrafast sodium storage performance, with a discharge capacity of 489 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 5 A g−1 and 371 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 30 A g−1 in the ether-based electrolyte. This impressive performance is attributed to the combined influence of heteroatomic doping and adjustable interface engineering. The N, S co-doped carbon framework embedded with Fe7S8 nanoparticles effectively addresses the issues of volumetric expansion, reduces the impact of sodium polysulfides, improves intrinsic conductivity, and stimulates the dominant pseudocapacitive contribution (90.3% at 2 mV s−1). Moreover, the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film by the effect of uniform pore structure in ether-based electrolyte produces a lower transfer resistance during the charge–discharge process, thereby boosting the rate performance of the electrode material. This work expands a facile strategy to optimize the electrochemical performance of other metal sulfides.
Distinct Impacts of Aerosols on an Evolving Continental Cloud Complex during the RACORO Field Campaign

AbstractA continental cloud complex, consisting of shallow cumuli, a deep convective cloud (DCC), and stratus, is simulated by a cloud-resolving Weather Research and Forecasting Model to investigate the aerosol microphysical effect (AME) and aerosol radiative effect (ARE) on the various cloud regimes and their transitions during the Department of Energy Routine Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerial Facility Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) campaign. Under an elevated aerosol loading with AME only, a reduced cloudiness for the shallow cumuli and stratus resulted from more droplet evaporation competing with suppressed precipitation, but an enhanced cloudiness for the DCC is attributed to more condensation. With the inclusion of ARE, the shallow cumuli are suppressed owing to the thermodynamic effects of light-absorbing aerosols. The responses of DCC and stratus to aerosols are monotonic with AME only but nonmonotonic with both AME and ARE. The DCC is invigorate.
L2 interpretation of negative polar questions: Evidence from online experiments

This paper studies Korean L2 English learners’ responses to negative polar questions (NPQs – i.e., negative yes-no questions), focusing on the differences between EFL learners (those learning English as a foreign language in Korea) and ESL learners (those learning English as US residents). The paper first considers differences in the syntax and semantics of Korean and English NPQs, differences that may lead to misinterpretations when questions are translated from one language to the other. The paper then describes a series of experiments comparing Korean EFL and ESL learners’ responses to English polar questions, focusing on measuring participants’ response times (RTs) and unexpected responses (UERs) to distinct classes of these.
Neighborhood Social Environment and Self-Perceptions of Aging

Abstract Background and Objectives Self-perceptions of aging (SPA) are associated with health and well-being later in life. Although prior studies have identified individual-level predictors of SPA, the role of neighborhood social context in SPA remains largely unexplored. A neighborhood social environment may act as a critical avenue for older adults to remain healthy and socially active, contributing to their evaluations of how they grow old. The present study aims to fill the previous research gap by examining the relationship between neighborhood social environment and SPA, and how age may moderate this relationship. This study is guided by Bronfenbrenner’s Ecology of Human Development theory and Lawton’s Ecological Model of Aging, positing that an individual’s aging experience is deeply rooted in their residential environment. Research Design and Methods Our sample includes 11,145 adults aged 50+ from the 2014 and 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. We included 4 social and economic aspects of neighborhoods: (1) neighborhood poverty; (2) percentage of older adults; (3) perceived social cohesion; and (4) perceived disorder. Results Multilevel linear regression models showed that respondents in neighborhoods with higher percentages of the older population and with perceptions of high neighborhood disorder reported more negative SPA. Those who perceived their neighborhoods as more socially cohesive reported more positive SPA. Controlling for individual socioeconomic and health status, only neighborhood social cohesion remained significant. We also found significant interaction effects between neighborhood social cohesion and age: The effects of neighborhood cohesion on SPA were stronger in middle age than in old age. Discussion and Implications Our findings provide insights into how neighborhood social context is associated with SPA, suggesting that a socially cohesive neighborhood may be important to promote more favorable perceptions of aging, particularly for middle-aged residents.
Nature Exposure is Associated With Reduced Smartphone Use

Evidence links greenspace exposure with restorative benefits to cognition and well-being, yet nature contact is declining for younger demographics. Although natural settings have been shown to restore the capacity to inhibit distracting stimuli, it remains unknown whether smartphone attention capture disrupts nature contact. Here, we analyzed ~2.5 million observations of logged smartphone use, texting, calling, and environmental exposures for 701 young adults over 2 years. Participants’ weekly smartphone screen-time was over double their green-time. The relationship between greenspace exposure and smartphone activity differed by exposure dose, type, and mobility state. Calling and texting increased during short recreational greenspace visits while all smartphone use declined over the first 3 hr in nature areas, suggesting that nature exposure may support digital impulse inhibition. Those with elevated baseline screen-time or green-time significantly reduced device use in nature, indicating that parts of the biosphere may provide a reprieve from the cybersphere for highly connected youth.
Chemical enrichment in Ultra-Faint Dwarf galaxies

Abstract Our view of the Milky Way's satellite population has radically changed after the discovery, ten years ago, of the first Ultra-Faint Dwarf galaxies (UFDs). These extremely faint, dark-matter dominated, scarcely evolved stellar systems are found in ever-increasing number in our cosmic neighbourhood and constitute a gold-mine for studies of early star formation conditions and early chemical enrichment pathways. Here we show what can be learned from the measurements of chemical abundances in UFD stars read through the lens of chemical evolution studies, point out the limitations of the classic approach, and discuss the way to go to improve the models.
Biological Activity of Four Trichoderma Species Confers Protection against Rhizoctonia solani, the Causal Agent of Cucumber Damping-Off and Root Rot Diseases

The cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) is often subjected to several fungal diseases. Rhizoctonia solani-induced cucumber damping-off and root rot are the most common diseases reported from the commercial greenhouses of the eastern area of Saudi Arabia. The objective of the current study is to explore the antagonistic activity of four Trichoderma species against R. solani in vitro and in vivo. Ten R. solani isolates (eight belonging to AG-4 and two belonging to AG-A and AG2-1) were studied. AG4 isolates were pathogenic to cucumber plants, while AG-A and AG2-1 isolates were non-pathogenic. Seven isolates of Trichoderma spp. , named T. hamatum KSATR8, T. harzianum (KSATR9 and KSATR10), T. asperellum (KSATR11, KSATC, and KSAT1E), and T. longibrachiatum KSATS were isolated, and the identities of both R. solani and Trichoderma isolates were confirmed based on the phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequence of the ITS region. The dual culture findings indicated that T. asperellum KSATC and KSAT1E exhibited the most significant inhibitory activities against R. solani, with values of 79.33 and 70.89%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed a considerable degradation in the cell wall and collapsing of R. solani hyphae by all Trichoderma species. Under greenhouse conditions, the application of T. asperellum KSATC and KSAT1E at concentrations of 2 × 108 conidia/mL revealed a reduction in root rot and damping-off incidence percentages with values that did not reveal a significant (p < 0.05) difference from those of Rizolex-T fungicide. Nevertheless, the efficacy of the fungicide attained 86.67%, being higher than that of T. asperellum KSATC, which reached 80%. Trichoderma asperellum KSATC and KSAT1E were the greatest in increasing peroxidase, catalase, and chitinase enzymes activities in cucumber plants. Conversely, a significant (p < 0.05) elevation in polyphenol oxidase enzyme (0.762 and 0.97 U/g FW) and total phenol content (0.55 and 0.62 mg/g FW) was recorded in cucumber plants treated with T. harzianum KSATR9 and KSATR10, respectively. The statistical analysis results displayed no considerable variations among cucumber plants regarding total chlorophyll content as a response to treatments with Trichoderma species and fungicides. Therefore, we endorse using T. asperellum KSATC and KSAT1E as an alternative to fungicides to manage root rot and damping-off in cucumbers.
Öğretmenlerin Bu Benim Eserim Proje Yarışması Rehberlik Sürecine İlişkin Görüşleri

Bu Benim Eserim [BBE] proje basvurulari incelendiginde, basvurularin ciddi bir dusus egiliminde oldugu gozlenmektedir. Bu durumun pek cok nedeni olabilir. Mevcut arastirmada, bu nedenlerden onemli olarak gorulen ogretmenlerin, BBE proje yarismasina rehberlik surecine yaklasimlari, karsilastiklari zorluklar ve katilimlarina engel durumlarin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Durum calismasi olarak yurutulen arastirmaya bir Bati Anadolu Ilinde calismakta olan 65 fen bilimleri ve ilkogretim matematik ogretmenleri (44 kadin ve 21 erkekten) gonullu katilmislardir. Veri toplama araci demografik ozellikler ve acik uclu sorularla olusturulmus ve elde edilen veriler betimsel icerik analizi kullanilarak NVivo 10 programinda cozumlenmistir. Sonuc olarak, ogretmenlerin BBE proje yarismalarina katiliminda karsilastiklari zorluklari veya katilimina engel durumlari “egitim beklentisi, bireysel, maddi, zaman, sinif ortami, ogrenci, ogrenci velisi, okul yonetimi, il/ilce milli egitim mudurlugu ve karsilastiklari diger sorunlar” olmak uzere temel basliklarda tartisilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Bu Benim Eserim (BBE) proje yarismasi, fen bilimleri ve ilkogretim matematik ogretmenleri, bilimsel surec, durum calismasi.
Interface transport scheme of a two‐phase flow by the method of characteristics

In this paper, we study an interface transport scheme of a two‐phase flow of an incompressible viscous immiscible fluid. The problem is discretized by the characteristics method in time and finite elements method in space. The interface is captured by the level set function. Appropriate boundary conditions for the problem of mold filling are investigated, a new natural boundary condition under pressure effect for the transport equation is proposed, and an algorithm for computing the solution is presented. Finally, numerical experiments show and validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the Shear Strength of Granitic Gneiss Residual Soil Based on Response Surface Methodology

The shear strength of granitic gneiss residual soil (GGRS) determines the stability of colluvial landslides in the Huanggang area, China. It depends on several parameters that represent its structure and state as well as their interactions, and therefore requires accurate assessment. For an effective evaluation of shear strength parameters of GGRS based on these factors and their interactions, three parameters, namely, moisture content, bulk density, and fractal dimension of grain size, were selected as influencing factors in this study based on a thorough investigation of the survey data and physical property tests of landslides in the study area. The individual effects and interaction of the factors were then incorporated by implementing a series of direct shear tests employing the response surface methodology (RSM) into the regression model of the shear parameters. The results indicate that the factors affecting shear parameters in the order of greater to lower are bulk density, moisture content, and fractal dimension, and their interactions are insignificant. The proposed model was validated by applying it to soil specimens from other landslide sites with the same parent bedrock, showing the validity of the strength regression model. This study demonstrates that RSM can be applied for parameter estimation of soils and provide reliable performance, and is also significant for conducting landslide investigation, evaluation, and regional risk assessment.
Evaluation of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L) Effects on Anxiety in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: Anxiety is a common psychiatric condition in cardio-vascular diseases. Saffron appears to have a wide range of therapeutic effects on psychiatric conditions and cardio-vascular disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of saffron on anxiety in hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Materials and Methods: In this clinical investigation, we selected 80 patients with ACS from Tohid Medical Center, Sanandaj. Patients were divided randomly into two groups, intervention group (n = 41), and control group (n = 39), based on how they received saffron and placebo every 12 hours for 4 days, respectively. The Spielberger Anxiety Inventory was completed before and after the intervention in both groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the mean scores of the trait and state anxiety before and after the intervention (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study did not corroborate the therapeutic effects of saffron on reducing anxiety in patients with ACS.
Oxidative Stress Markers and Lipid Profile Among Female Residents in Oil Impacted Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria

This study examined serum oxidative stress markers such as glutathione (µg/ml), Malondialdehyde (nmol/ml), duration of exposure to petroleum impacted environment and lipid profile among female subjects between the ages of 18-50yrs in Khana, Gokana local government area of Rivers state as test group and Ogoja, Boki in Cross rivers state as control group in Nigeria. A total of 244 subjects (123 as control and 125 test) make up the study population groups. The results from this study indicate significant (p-value<0.05) increase in glutathione and Malondialdehyde (0.69µg/ml and 4.29nmol/dl) among the test group compared with the control of (0.17µg/ml and 0.84nmol/dl). With regards to the duration of exposure to petroleum impacted environment in years, the subject’s residents of stay between 41-50yrs had significant higher glutathione and Malondialdehyde ((0.82µg/ml and 4.83nmol/dl) among test group compared with control (0.16µg/ml and 0.86nmol/dl) group. Further findings from this study reveal an increase in the lipid profile ie serum total cholesterol (109mg/dl), triglycerides (59.42mg/dl), HDL (31.67mg/dl), LDL (65.93mg/dl) among test group compared with the control (71.53, 35.88,28.63, 35.72 mg/dl) group respec - tively. A similar trend of significant increase in lipid profile among test group subjects exposed between 41-40yrs was observed except in low density lipoprotein compared with the control. Findings from this research study have shown a true reflection of imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants (oxidative stress) among female residents in petroleum exploration environment which could leads to damages of tissues and organs resulting in various diseases whose immediate aetiology may not be fully known during their initial visitation to the hospital.
IFN‐γ and androgens disrupt mitochondrial function in murine myocytes

The effect of cytokines on non‐traditional immunological targets under conditions of chronic inflammation is an ongoing subject of study. Fatigue is a symptom often associated with autoimmune diseases. Chronic inflammatory response and activated cell‐mediated immunity are associated with cardiovascular myopathies which can be driven by muscle weakness and fatigue. Thus, we hypothesize that immune dysfunction‐driven changes in myocyte mitochondria may play a critical role in fatigue‐related pathogenesis. We show that persistent low‐level expression of IFN‐γ in designated IFN‐γ AU‐Rich Element deletion mice (ARE mice) under androgen exposure resulted in mitochondrial and metabolic deficiencies in myocytes from male or castrated ARE mice. Most notably, echocardiography unveiled that low ejection fraction in the left ventricle post‐stress correlated with mitochondrial deficiencies, explaining how heart function decreases under stress. We report that inefficiencies and structural changes in mitochondria, with changes to expression of mitochondrial genes, are linked to male‐biased fatigue and acute cardiomyopathy under stress. Our work highlights how male androgen hormone backgrounds and active autoimmunity reduce mitochondrial function and the ability to cope with stress and how pharmacological blockade of stress signal protects heart function. These studies provide new insight into the diverse actions of IFN‐γ in fatigue, energy metabolism, and autoimmunity. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.