Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochronology of the Kiruna iron ores and hydrothermal alterations

The magnetite-apatite iron ores at Kiruna are hosted in a suite of alkaline volcanic and subvolcanic rocks that was formed in a short time interval of about 20 m.y. between 1900 and 1880 Ma. U-Pb dating of titanite from magnetite-titanite dikes in the footwall of the Luossavaara orebody indicates that the age of the magnetite-apatite ores is 1888 + or - 6 Ma. Titanite-actinolite-calcite assemblages in amygdules are related to the hydrothermal and metasomatic alteration of the wall rocks and the ore. The U-Pb titanite age of the amygdule fill is 1876 + or - 9 Ma. The geographic distribution of the alteration suggests that it is not related to the formation of the iron ores. The youngest major magmatic units in the Kiruna area are 1792 + or - 4 Ma syenites that intruded the supracrustal rocks. The Kiruna area underwent a weak metamorphic overprint during the Caledonian orogeny. Our data are inconsistent with a hydrothermal event at ca. 1.5 Ga as has been suggested earlier.
Concentration Profiles and Solids Transport above Stationary Deposit in Enclosed Conduit

Concentration profiles and overall flow parameters were measured in a 0.37-mm-sand-mixture flow above a plane stationary deposit in a pressurized circular pipe of the inner diameter of 150 mm. The new data and additional data from the literature are used to propose a tentative transport formula of the Meyer-Peter and Muller type, and a slip-ratio formula, for flows at high shear stress in enclosed conduits.
Zero-sum subsequences in bounded-sum $\{-1, 1\}$-sequences

The following result gives the flavor of this paper: Let $t$, $k$ and $q$ be integers such that $q\geq 0$, $0\leq t<k$ and $t \equiv k \,({\rm mod}\, 2)$, and let $s\in [0,t+1]$ be the unique integer satisfying $s \equiv q + \frac{k-t-2}{2} \,({\rm mod} \, (t+2))$. Then for any integer $n$ such that \[n \ge \max\left\{k,\frac{1}{2(t+2)}k^2 + \frac{q-s}{t+2}k - \frac{t}{2} + s\right\}\] and any function $f:[n]\to \{-1,1\}$ with $|\sum_{i=1}^nf(i)| \le q$, there is a set $B \subseteq [n]$ of $k$ consecutive integers with $|\sum_{y\in B}f(y)| \le t$. Moreover, this bound is sharp for all the parameters involved and a characterization of the extremal sequences is given. This and other similar results involving different subsequences are presented, including decompositions of sequences into subsequences of bounded weight.
Examining and investigating the impact of demographic characteristics and chronic diseases on mortality of COVID-19: Retrospective study

Background Epidemiological features characterization of COVID-19 is highly important for developing and implementing effective control measures. In Saudi Arabia mortality rate varies between 0.6% to 1.26%. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether demographic characteristics (age and gender) and non-communicable diseases (Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus) have a significant association with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods Prior to data collection, an expedite approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB Log No: RC. RC20.09.10) in Al Habib Research Center at Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective design where we used descriptive and inferential analysis to analyse the data. Binary logistic regression was done to study the association between comorbidities and mortality of COVID-19. Results 43 (86%) of the male patients were non-survivors while 7 (14%) of the female patients were survivors. The odds of non-survivors among hypertensive patients are 3.56 times higher than those who are not having a history of Hypertension (HTN). The odds of non-survivors among diabetic patients are 5.17 times higher than those who are not having a history of Diabetes mellitus (DM). The odds of non-survivors are 2.77 times higher among those who have a history of HTN and DM as compared to those who did not have a history of HTN and DM. Conclusions Those patients that had a history of Hypertension and Diabetes had a higher probability of non-survival in contrast to those who did not have a history of Diabetes and hypertension. Further studies are required to study the association of comorbidities with COVID-19 and mortality.
Riverbed heat conduction prediction

Heat flux between river water and riverbed contributes significantly to river water heat content and river temperature, especially in shallow rivers. A numerical model of heat conduction in a riverbed was verified with detailed temperatures measurements in a riverbed. Three different methods, the heat budget method, the gradient method, and an inverse method, were used alternatively for the estimation of the riverbed heat flux. Propagation of uncertainty in the riverbed temperature model was studied using a vector state space perturbation method. Output uncertainty was estimated by random perturbations of the effective thermal conductivity from the main value. The coefficient of variation of effective thermal conductivity was 0.1. Temperatures and heat fluxes in the riverbed were affected by the uncertain thermal conductivity.
Relative stability and contrasting elastic properties of serpentine polymorphs from first‐principles calculations

We conduct first‐principles calculations to determine the relative stability field and elasticity contrast of serpentine polymorphs at pressure and temperature conditions relevant to the oceanic lithosphere and subduction zone. At high pressures (>4 GPa), the corrugated form of serpentine polymorph (antigorite, Atg) plus brucite (Brc) assemblage is thermodynamically more favorable compared to its planar counterpart (lizardite, Liz). The phase boundary between Liz and Atg + Brc exhibits a negative slope in the whole P‐T range, indicating that this transition can be driven by increasing either pressure or temperature. Near 0 GPa, the slope is about −33 K/GPa. As pressure exceeds 1 GPa, the transition temperature starts to decrease more rapidly. Because of the corrugated nature of its constituent layers, Atg is more susceptible to intralayer deformations (7 to 36% smaller C11, C22, C12, and C66 at ambient conditions) while more resistant to interlayer shear deformation (25% larger C44, 36% larger C55) than Liz. In contrast, their responses to the interlayer compressive deformation (C33) are similar. For isotropic polycrystalline aggregates at pressures between 0 and 4 GPa, Atg exhibits a smaller bulk modulus (12 to 15%) and a larger shear modulus (6 to 11%) than Liz, while their density contrast is within 1%. Accordingly, a Liz/Atg transition is accompanied by a decrease in Vp (2 to 3%), an increase in Vs (3 to 5%), and a more pronounced drop in Vp/Vs (6 to 8%). These results may help to identify and characterize serpentine polymorphs produced under various geological settings.
2 A Framework for Ontology Aggregation

The problem of merging several ontologies has important applications in the Semantic Web, medical ontology engineering, and other domains where information from several distinct sources needs to be integrated in a coherent manner. We propose to treat ontology merging as a problem of social choice, i.e., as a problem of aggregating the input of a set of individuals into an adequate collective decision, and we show how to apply the methodology of social choice theory in this new domain. We do this for the case of ontologies that are modelled using description logics. Specifically, we formulate a number of desirable properties for ontology merging procedures, we identify the incompatibility of some of these properties, and we define and analyse several concrete procedures.
Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: A New Tool for Evolutionary Computation

List of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. Contributing Authors. Series Foreword. Part I: Foundations. 1. An Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms J.A. Lozano. 2. An Introduction to Probabilistic Graphical Models P. Larranaga. 3. A Review on Estimation of Distribution Algorithms P. Larranaga. 4. Benefits of Data Clustering in Multimodal Function Optimization via EDAs J.M. Pena, et al. 5. Parallel Estimation of Distribution Algorithms J.A. Lozano, et al. 6. Mathematical Modeling of Discrete Estimation of Distribution Algorithms C. Gonzalez, et al. Part II: Optimization. 7. An Empiricial Comparison of Discrete Estimation of Distribution Algorithms R. Blanco. , J.A. Lozano. 8. Results in Function Optimization with EDAs in Continuous Domain E. Bengoetxea, et al. 9. Solving the 0-1 Knapsack Problem with EDAs R. Sagarna, P. Larranaga. 10. Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem with EDAs V. Robles, et al. 11. EDAs Applied to the Job Shop Scheduling Problem J.A. Lozano, A. Mendiburu. 12. Solving Graph Matching with EDAs Using a Permutation-Based Representation E. Bengoetxea, et al. Part III: Machine Learning. 13. Feature Subset Selection by Estimation of Distribution Algorithms I. Inza, et al. 14. Feature Weighting for Nearest Neighbor by EDAs I. Inza, et al. 15. Rule Induction by Estimation of Distribution Algorithms B. Sierra, et al. 16. Partial Abductive Inference in Bayesian Networks: An Empirical Comparison Between GAs and EDAs L.M. de Campos, et al.17. Comparing K-Means, GAs and EDAs in Partitional Clustering J. Roure, et al. 18. Adjusting Weights in Artificial Neural Networks using Evolutionary Algorithms C. Cotta, et al. Index.
Aalborg Universitet Hierarchical Scheduling Framework Based on Compositional Analysis Using

This paper introduces a reconfigurable compositional scheduling framework, in which the hierarchical structure, the scheduling policies, the concrete task behavior and the shared resources can all be reconfigured. The behavior of each periodic preemptive task is given as a list of timed actions, which are some of the inputs for the parameterized timed automata that make up the framework. Components may have different scheduling policies, and each component is analyzed independently using Uppaal. We have applied our framework for the schedulability analysis of an avionics system.
Microscopic anharmonicity and equation of state of MgSiO3‐perovskite

The effect of temperature on the Raman spectrum of MgSiO3-perovskite is investigated between 77 and 300 K. The data, combined with those obtained at high pressure, are used to infer microscopic anharmonic parameters (a(i)) It is shown that only two low-frequency Raman modes are significantly anharmonic. The small volume dependency of the a(i) parameters allows a quasi-harmonic calculation of the thermal pressure from a simplified density of states of the vibrational modes without other a priori informations. The calculated high-temperature EOS reproduces to within +/- 0.4 % the experimental molar volume obtained in the 0.1 MPa-36 GPa and 77-2000 K range. A softening of a low-frequency mode with decreasing temperature is also observed.
Key Knowledge Generation

This research aims to develop sustainable community-based tourism by adapting the participatory action research model or PAR model for a case study of Ubolrat district, Khon Kaen province, Thailand. The PAR model in this study consists of three circles: 1) the investigation of problem ﬁnding and the analysis of tourism capacities; 2) the policy development and practising of community-based tourism at the site, and 3) evaluating sustainable tourism development and plan to revise. The tourism development application in each circle of the PAR model is based on the research ﬁndings covering 68 villages from questionnaires, site surveys, in-depth interviews, and seven-time brainstorming with key policy-makers at the district and provincial levels.
Nauplius-The Journal of The Brazilian Crustacean Society

Fiddler crabs are important components of intertidal benthic macrofauna in estuarine habitats. However, these invertebrates often inhabit areas under anthropogenic-driven changes. In this study, we evaluated the habitat quality and the population biology of the fiddler crab Uca maracoani (Latreille, 1802) in a mangrove area under anthropogenic influence, on the southern coast of São Paulo state, Brazil. Sediment samples for ecotoxicological analyses and data on the population biology of U. maracoani were collected monthly between October 2008 and October 2009. Contamination was observed in sediment samples from all months, indicating that benthic organisms inhabiting the study area are continuously exposed to toxicity. The sex ratio did not deviate from 1:1 for the whole population of U. maracoani, within any given month (except in October 2008, when males outnumbered females). Adult males and females showed a similar size, while juvenile females were larger than juvenile males, probably reflecting that females attained sexual maturity at a larger size than males. For both juvenile and adult stages, the major cheliped propodus length and height in males and the abdomen width OriginAl Article Nauplius, 29: e2021013 DOI 10.1590/2358-2936e2021013 All content of the journal, except where identified, is licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-type BY.  orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-1256  orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-8529  orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-8935  orcid.org/0000-0003-4609-1668  orcid.org/0000-0003-0230-8431 Corresponding Author Glauco B. O. Machado gbomachado@gmail.com SUBMITTED 23 June 2020 ACCEPTED 03 December 2020 PUBLISHED 15 March 2021
Exploring determinants of, and interventions for, delayed presentation of women with breast symptoms

Purpose: Behaviour change interventions are more likely to be effective if they are sensitive to contextual determinants of behaviour. Delayed presentation of women with breast symptoms is a concern for both high-income and low-and medium-income countries. Our aim was to integrate evidence on determinants of time to presentation of women with breast symptoms with complementary evidence on interventions for promoting early presentation. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines . Ten electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published between 1985 to May 2019. Pre-defined selection criteria were applied to retrieved records. Evidence on interventions, and on determinants were integrated through sequential explanatory synthesis design. Results: Of the 4185 documents retrieved, 11 intervention studies and 10 determinants studies were included in the synthesis. Overall, evidence on interventions is of low quality, while that on determinants is of medium quality. Intervention studies were mostly individual-level with
Seismic guided waves trapped in the fault zone of the Landers

A time assignment speech interpolation system is disclosed utilizing time-shared common control processing circuits. Speech signals from a plurality of trunks are interpolated on a lesser plurality of transmission channels by connecting trunks only during active periods. In order to accommodate transmission channels of varying delay times (e.g., cable and satellite channels), receiving terminal switching operations are delayed for a time corresponding to the transmission delay of the corresponding channel. This is implemented by common control digital delay time-out for each new connection.
Characterisation of sedimentary structure and hydraulic behaviour within the unsaturated zone of the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone aquifer in North East England

A study of the sedimentological framework and permeability characteristics of the Sherwood Sandstone has been undertaken together with a detailed investigation of moisture migration in the vadose zone at a single field site. Sedimentary structure and likely permeability variations were studied by use of laboratory grainsize analysis, logging of nearby outcrops, borehole geophysics and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). GPR is ideal for vadose zone hydrogeological applications as the majority of the features imaged are visible to radar as a result of variations in capillary, held moisture, and the amount of capillary retention is controlled by the size of the pore throats in the sediments, which directly influences their permeability properties. Combined use of GPR, reconstruction of sedimentary facies and quantification of permeability characteristics has provided detailed 3D models of the sedimentary subsurface. Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) was used to monitor water movement within the Sherwood Sandstone at a site near Selby in Yorkshire, creating a vertical and lateral profile of groundwater movement within the unsaturated zone. Moisture content has also been monitored using a neutron probe, and a commercially-available portable packer system, which have provided verification of the accuracy of the custom-made TDR system. The TDR installations consisted of automated arrays of TDR probes, permanently installed upon borehole packers at varying depths, and these have provided moisture content data of a high temporal resolution. The TDR system has allowed monitoring of seasonal moisture variation under natural rainfall loading, and the results have been interpreted in order to gain a better understanding of groundwater migration at a different scale to data previously available. The bulk of the rock in the Sherwood Sandstone aquifer study area consists of relatively permeable medium-grained sandstones. However, results suggest that vertical flow in the unsaturated zone may be impeded by the presence of relatively impermeable fine sandstone units, which correspond to bar top and slack water environments, and occasional mudstone layers representing overbank deposits. This restriction to vertical flow may cause localized perched aquifer conditions, which provide sufficient hydrostatic head to initiate horizontal migration in the overlying rock. Modelling of real rainfall events suggests that 25% of the water present in the perched aquifer layers undergoes lateral or bypass flow (i. e. it drains laterally rather than through the fine-grained layers). In the saturated zone, the horizontal flow of groundwater in the Sherwood Sandstone aquifer is likely to be dominantly via the relatively coarse, trough-stratifed sandstone layers, so that a low proportion of the total aquifer porosity may provide a route for rapid contaminant transport.
Adaptation of a flow‐through leaching procedure for Mg/Ca paleothermometry

Mg/Ca ratios in planktonic foraminifera reflect calcification temperatures and are thus useful for sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions. Despite the obvious utility of this paleoceanographic tracer, problems of dissolution, gametogenic calcification, and contaminant phases have thus far limited confidence in Mg/Ca‐based reconstructions. Here we show strong evidence of Mg heterogeneity in foraminiferal calcite by sequentially measuring the composition of different forms of calcite (ontogenetic, gametogenic, diagenetic) in the same shells, while monitoring and removing contaminant phases. A new flow‐through method combines chromatographic technology and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) in a series of cleaning and dissolution reactions monitored continuously with time‐resolved analysis (TRA). This combination of slow, controlled dissolution and TRA provides a complete elemental description of contaminant phases and sorts the cleaned calcium carbonate based on dissolution sensitivity. Examination of partially dissolved shells with electron microscopy suggests that the flow‐through method simulates the natural dissolution sequence and effectively separates the different calcite domains within a single foraminiferal shell. Heterogeneity of Mg/Ca in foraminiferal calcite is clearly demonstrated in flow‐through analysis. Foraminiferal shells have initially high Mg levels that decrease steadily throughout dissolution. Later dissolution yields lower Mg/Ca, which is likely due to a combination of subsurface calcification and biomineralization effects. Mg/Ca ratios from the most dissolution‐sensitive (high‐Mg) portions of surface‐dwelling species in core tops are used to calculate calcification temperatures. A comparison of late Holocene core top data with World Ocean Atlas SST data indicates that the flow‐through method does yield viable SST estimates. Furthermore, a depth transect in the eastern tropical Pacific suggests that this approach provides the opportunity to extract initial calcification temperatures despite partial dissolution of foraminiferal shells.
New Holocene tephras and a proxy climate record from a blanket mire in northern Skye, Scotland

Four Holocene tephras of Icelandic origin have been identified and geochemically characterised from a water shedding blanket peat sequence on the Trotternish ridge, Isle of Skye, Scotland. Geochemical characterisation of the shards propose the Glen Garry tephra to be present, a tephra layer of Hekla origin incorporating shards from Hekla‐4, as well as two new tephras dated by interpolation from a radiocarbon based chronology to ca. 830 cal. yr BP and ca. 2340 cal. yr BP. The new historic tephra has an ambiguous geochemistry and therefore has not been correlated with other known Icelandic historic tephras. The new prehistoric tephra is suggested as originating from the Snæfellsjökull volcano in northwest Iceland and forms an important stratigraphical marker in this Holocene sequence. A proxy climate record has been derived from humification analyses of the peat, which compares well with other regional palaeoclimatic reconstructions, as well as enabling correlations based on tephra geochemical linkages between sites and climatic records at precise times in the past. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advancing tracer‐aided rainfall–runoff modelling: a review of progress, problems and unrealised potential

Using conservative tracers to aid conceptual rainfall–runoff modelling has gained momentum over the past decade. Tracer data have been invaluable in providing rich insights into runoff sources, flow paths and water age that cannot be established by simple rainfall–runoff dynamics alone. Accordingly, this has provided a focus for fertile dialogue between field hydrologists and modellers in joint efforts to understand catchment function and incorporate this in runoff models. Central to this has been the utility of tracers in establishing the differences between the timescales of the celerity of the rainfall–runoff response and the timescales of the pore velocity of water. The literature now has numerous examples of using tracers to aid modelling as a learning framework. Despite this progress, utilization of tracer‐aided models and exploitation of their evident advantages by the wider modelling community have been slow. This in part reflects lack of suitable data sets at many sites and the fact that studies to date have highlighted various problems and challenges when trying to integrate tracers into rainfall–runoff models (e.g. increased parameterisation). Nevertheless, interest in tracer‐aided modelling has continued to build as there have been marked improvements in the reliability and economics of field and laboratory methods for collecting spatially distributed and high temporal resolution tracer data sets. Consequently, we stand on the threshold of unprecedented advances in applications of this area. Here, we critically evaluate the progress to date and assess the challenges that remain. The key current research frontiers with the greatest potential for rapid advancement are as follows: (1) to go beyond hydrograph simulation alone and build more realistic models of catchment functioning based on tracer data, (2) investigations into the nonlinear, threshold‐type, non‐stationary and hysteresis‐driven nature of how catchments process water and solutes, (3) detailed eco‐hydrological studies of connectivity patterns and the role of vegetation on water partitioning and (4) the assessment of anthropogenic influences on the catchment hydrological cycle. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.