Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF WEEDING ON WHITEFLY, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) POPULATION ON OKRA CROP

Studies on the impact of weeding on population of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on okra crop were carried out at Private Farm near Kandiaro, district Naushahro Feroze during November, 2004 to February, 2005. Seeds of Subzpari variety were sown on 10 th November, 2004 in RCBD having 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were Complete weeding, Dicotyledonous weeds removed, Monocotyledonous weeds removed and Weedy check. Whitefly population was recorded on weekly basis on okra and weed species as well. Results showed that whitefly appeared on all species of weeds and main crop as well. The most preferred weeds were Cyperus rotundus and Portulaca oleracea followed by Polygonum plebejum, Trianthema monogyna, Cynodon dactylon, Digera arvensis, and Corchorus antichorus with the population of 1.09 ± 0.06, 1.08 ± 1.11, 0.93 ± 0.07, 0.87 ± 0.05, 0.86 ± 0.05, 0.78 ± 0.06 and 0.53 ± 0.58 per plant, respectively. The maximum per leaf population (14.92±2.68) was recorded in the weedy check plots followed by Monocotyledonous weeds removed (8.48 ± 1.86), Dicotyledonous weeds removed (6.59 ± 1.50) and All weeds removed (4.57 ± 1.05). Analysis of variance showed significant differences in population among the treatments. However, non-significant differences were recorded among the populations on C.
Segregation of genes controlling seed colour in sesame ( Sesamum indicum linn.) from Nigeria

Genetic analysis of seed colour was carried out on crosses involving nine accessions of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) from Nigeria. Inheritance studies showed that different gene actions were responsible for the expression of this important character. In three of the crosses, single gene action was observed, while in two others, the trait was under the control of two genes. In the sixth cross, involving white and black parents, an array of white, black, brownish white and brown colours were observed in the F2. The variation in gene systems controlling seed colour expression observed in this study revealed the complex nature of the expression of this trait. Results also indicated that plants with the same seed colour might be under different genotype constitution.
Response of Forsythia × itermedia `Spectabilis' to Uniconazol. I. Growth; Dry-matter Distribution; and Mineral Nutrient Content, Concentration, and Partitioning

-1 suppressed leaf area and dry weight an average of 16% and 18%, respectively, compared to the nontreated controls when averaged over all harvest periods. Stem and root dry weight suppression was greatest at 80 DAT, 47% and 37%, respectively. Uniconazole suppressed root length from 15% to 36% and root area from 15% to 33% depending on harvest date. Internode length and stem diameter of uniconazole-treated plants were suppressed at all harvests except 369 DAT. Uniconazole resulted in increased and decreased root : shoot ratios 40 and 80 DAT, respectively; while root : shoot ratios were not affected for the remainder of the study. Relative growth rates of leaves, stems, and roots decreased with increasing uniconazole concentration; however, no relative growth rates were suppressed beyond 80 DAT. Generally, mineral nutrient concentrations increased as a result of uniconazole application. The proportion of mineral nutrients allocated to leaves and roots was not affected while the proportion of nutrients allocated to stems decreased with uniconazole application compared to the controls. Chemical name used: (E)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol (uniconazole). Increasing costs and restrictions on disposal of organic wastes in landfills has stimulated interest in the use of plant growth retardants to limit vegetative growth and reduce pruning frequency of woody landscape plants. Research has demonstrated the poten- tial use of uniconazole (Valent U.S.A., Walnut Creek, Calif.), as an economical method of reducing plant growth in established land- scape plantings (Keever and West, 1992) or as a component of container production regimes for woody landscape species (Norcini
Palm Kernel Cake for Lactating Cows in Pasture: Intake, Digestibility, and Blood Parameters

Multiparous dairy cows (n=16) of the Holstein x Gir crossbreed, with an average weight of 436.6 kg (±59.7), were tested to determine the best level of Palm kernel cake in a dietary supplement for lactating cows at pasture. The experiment utilized a Latin square design, with the cows distributed in four Latin squares. Intake, digestibility of nutritional fractions, and the metabolic profile, as determined from blood parameters, were analyzed for grazing cattle with a dietary supplement containing 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of palm kernel cake. Intake of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fibre, nonfibrous carbohydrates, total carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients within the supplement, as well as the intake of total crude protein, total ether extract, and total nonfibrous carbohydrates, were negatively influenced by level of Palm kernel cake supplementation. The intake of dry matter had the mean values of 11.34 kg/day.The intake of crude protein decreased from 1.10 to 0.87 kg/day. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, nonfibrous carbohydrate, and total carbohydrates was significantly reduced with an increased percentage of Palm kernel cake in the supplement. The concentration of blood glucose was not affected by the amount of Palm kernel cake. However, these averages of urea nitrogen are still considered to be physiological norms. A decrease in intake, digestibility of crude protein and nonfibrous carbohydrates indicates that Palm kernel cake is not an adequate ingredient in nutritional supplements for dairy cows at pasture.
Effect of temperature and media supplements on slow growth conservation of medicinal plant Spilanthes acmella

Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murray is a major source of spilanthol, an alkamide exhibiting various biological and pharmacological activities. In vitro slow growth was attempted by culturing in vitro nodal explants on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of osmotic agents mannitol and sorbitol and ABA (abscisic acid) as well as on 1/2MS followed by storage at 15±2 and 26±2°C for 2, 4, 6 and 8 months without any subculture. Storage conditions were evaluated by percent survival, number and length of shoots and number of leaves. Post storage revival of cultures after every conservation period was evaluated by re-growth on MS media supplemented with 0.5mg/l BAP at 26±2°C. Slow growth treatments significantly improved survival with maximum percent survival on MS+2% mannitol at 15±2°C at the end of 8 months. Of the two temperatures, 15±2°C gave a significant reduction in growth. Cultures stored at 26±2°C did not survive more than 5 months. Among different treatments, 2% mannitol followed by 2% sorbitol proved effective in slowing growth of the cultures in terms of shoot number and length. Half MS salts and addition of ABA to the media did not result in slowing down growth. Moreover, shoot number, length and leaf number decreased with increase in the storage duration. Re-growth with maximum percent survival was observed in plants stored on MS+2% mannitol at 15±2°C. However, higher concentrations of osmotic agents proved deleterious for survival as well as re-growth of the plants.
Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families

guide to primary health care reviews. It is also not clear whether it is aimed at those who may be involved in the planning and implementing of such a review, or as background, explanatory material for health workers who would be expected to participate and cooperate in the data collection. It gives an idealised model, with very little attention to the snags and difficulties in planning, executing and interpreting such an exercise. As the introduction states that it is drawing on practical experience it seems a shame that practical difficulties and possible pitfalls are not included.
Comparison of Trypodendron lineatum , T. domesticum and T. laeve (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Flight Activity in Central Europe

The main goal of work was to compare the flight activity of Trypodendron lineatum, T. domesticum and T. laeve in Central Europe. Field trapping experiments were conducted in 70- to 100-year-old Norway spruce stands located at three study sites in the Czech Republic. At each study site five pheromone traps were used. Pheromone-baited, black, window-slot traps (Theysohn, Germany) were used. Traps were placed at log landing areas 10-15 m apart from the nearest forest edge. Each trap was baited with a standard synthetic pheromone lure, XL Ecolure (Fytofarm, Slovakia). Three species of Trypodendron were recorded. T. lineatum was the most abundant, followed by T. domesticum and T. laeve . Flight activity began at the end of March or in mid-April. Only one another peak of the flight activity of T. lineatum and T. domesticum was observed at one study site in May 2011. Statistically significant relationships were found between catches of all species with the exception of T. lineatum vs. T. laeve and T. domesticum vs. T. laeve at one site. Males were more abundant than females mainly in T. lineatum samples. On the other hand, T. domesticum and T. laeve abundances of males and females were more equal, but in all cases of all Trypodendron species these abundances were not significantly different at all sites.
The Use of Dehydrated Forages in Dairy Cattle Rations. I. Grain Substitution with Finely Ground Material

Summary Twenty high producing dairy cows were divided into four experimental groups consisting of three Holsteins, one Jersey and one Guernsey per group. Three rates of grain replacement (15, 30 and 45 per cent) with a commercially dehydrated grass-legume mixture were studied a total of 28 wk. , using 6-wk. experimental periods and 1 wk. for transition for each group of cows for each ration. The following results were observed: (a)Cows, when fed the control ration, gained an average of 25.7lb. in body weight per cow per period, as compared with 16.8, 18.6 and 8.5lb. when they had 15, 30 and 45 per cent, respectively, of their grain replaced with dehydrated grass. (b)A digestion trial with three sheep showed that the commercially dehydrated material used contained 66.8 per cent total digestible nutrients on an air-dry basis. (c)Cows fed the control ration produced an average of 36.8lb. of 4 per cent fat-corrected milk daily, compared with 35.5, 35.3 and 35.7lb. when they had 15, 30 and 45 per cent of their ration replaced with dehydrated grass, respectively. This difference in production in favor of the control ration was statistically significant. (d)The finely ground physical state of the dehydrated grass-legume mixture was undesirable, since cows having 30 and 45 per cent of their grain replaced showed varying degrees of rumen atony and anorexia. This condition was not observed when the cows were on the control and 15 per cent rations. (e)Cows receiving no dehydrated grass required less total digestible nutrients for maintenance and production of 100lb. of 4 per cent fat-corrected milk than when they received dehydrated grass. (f)The rate of decline in milk yield was less rapid when the cows were fed the control ration, but these mean differences only approached significance.
Diversity of the Family Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Tropical Dry Forest of Mexico, I. Sierra de Huautla, Morelos

Abstract The cerambycid fauna of the tropical dry forest of the Sierra of Huautla, Morelos, Mexico, is described. Collections were made between November 1995 and October 1996, during 5 d of every month, and collection methods included light trapping, Malaise trapping, and netting, sweeping and beating. A total of 153 species, 91 genera, 32 tribes, and four subfamilies was recorded. The subfamily with the greatest number of species was Cerambycinae with 78, followed by Lamiinae with 67, Lepturinae with six, and Prioninae with two. The tribes with the largest number of genera and species were Trachyderini with 13 and 17 and Acanthocini with 12 and 23. The genera with the most species were Phaea Newman with 11 and Lepturges Bates with eight. Estimated richness values using the nonparametric estimators ICE and Chao 2 were 251 and 241, respectively. A few species were very abundant, but many were represented by only a few individuals. The diversity value calculated with the Shannon Index over the entire year was 3.86. Species richness and abundance varied with time, with the highest values recorded in the rainy season and lowest values in the dry season. The fauna was more similar to the fauna of Chamela, Jalisco, than to El Aguacero, Chiapas, and consists of 65% species endemic to Mexico.
Staphylococcus pasteun' sp. nov., Isolated from Human,

A new novobiocin-susceptible species of the genus Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus pasteuri, is described on the basis of the results of a study of seven strains isolated from human, animal, and food specimens. DNA relatedness experiments (S1 nuclease method) showed that these strains form a homogeneous genomic species related at DNA homology levels of 2 to 13% to 27 type strains representing known Staphylococcus species. The use of a method based on rRNA gene restriction site polymorphism provides clear-cut distinction between this new species and Staphylococcus warneri, which is the most similar species phenotypically. The type strain of the new species is strain BM9357 (= ATCC 51129). Taxonomy of the genus Staphylococcus was shaken by two important methodological steps: an extensive phenotypic investigation of human strains which led to the delineation of 10 species in 1975 (22, 32) and DNA relatedness studies which have currently circumscribed 29 species (15, 17, 19, 23, 31, 36) and four named subspecies (3, 9, 20, 25). We have recently developed a method based on rRNA gene restriction site polymorphism for identifymg Staphylococcus species and subspecies (4, 7, 8, 12). The use of this method enabled the screening of seven staphylococcal strains, isolated from various sources (human, animal, and food specimens), that were phenotypically similar to Staphylococcus wameri but genotypically more closely related to each other than to any of the 271 strains validly classified as belonging to 31 staphylococcal taxa (7, 8). In the present study, DNA-DNA hybridization experiments grouped these seven strains into a new species, Staphylococcus pasteuri, described in this paper.
Annual Abundances, Diversity and Growth Potential of Gymnamoebae in a Shallow Freshwater Pond

ABSTRACT. Abundance and diversity of gymnamoebae were assessed at monthly intervals for one year in the sediment surface layer of a shallow, highly productive, freshwater pond located in northeastern United States using laboratory culture enumeration techniques. The range in total abundance was 81/ml in January to 1,568/ml in June (spring peak) and 1,813/ml in October (autumn peak). The latter is equivalent to over 1.8 million per liter, one of the highest values reported for gymnamoebae from a freshwater pond. Maximum diversity (H = 3.3) occurred in April, July, and August. The growth potential of the gymnamoebae was determined in laboratory cultures (20° C) containing only the pond water (control culture) and pond water emended with malt‐yeast extract and glucose (nutrient culture) using pond water collected in December. The total abundance of gymanmoebae increased from 363/ml in the initial pond water sample to approximately 1,800/ml in each of the culture conditions in the first week. Therafter, abundances reached 5,678/ml (control culture) and 8,016/ml (nutrient culture) by the third week indicating the vigorous growth potential from winter standing stock.
Interpopulation Variability in Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination of the Tidewater Silverside Menidia peninsulae (Pisces: Atherinidae)

Abstract The existence of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and its latitudinal variability among populations were examined experimentally in Menidia peninsulae. Along the Florida coast, TSD was detected only in a northern population (Apalachee Bay: 29°55′N), wherein the proportion of females declined dramatically with increasing rearing temperature. In lower-latitude populations (New Smyrna Beach: 29°05′N, Vero Beach: 27°46′N, and Grassy Key: 24°45′N), however, offspring sex ratios were temperature-independent and approximated 1:1 at all temperatures examined (17–32 C), indicating genetic sex determination (GSD). The shift from TSD to GSD with decreasing latitude in M. peninsulae occurs coincidentally with a shift from annual to semiannual breeding and life cycle patterns. Combined with the previous studies of the northern congener Menidia menidia (∼32–47°N), the level of TSD in the genus Menidia is generally highest at intermediate latitudes (∼32–38°N), whereas nearly pure GSD is displayed at the northern and southern extremes. This pattern of latitudinal variation across two species confirms that TSD is adaptive in Menidia only in annual life histories wherein temperature during larval development serves as an accurate predictor of length of growing season and hence relative adult body size.
Waste Management: A Tool for Environmental Protection in Nigeria

The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to waste as “something, which the owner no longer wants at a given time and space and which has no current or perceived market value”. This line of thought represented a broad-based approach toward the classification of what constitutes waste. However, what one regards as waste may not be totally useless, as much can be recycled to produce new products. Wastes may be gaseous, liquid, or solid. Whereas gaseous and liquid wastes are free flowing and can easily migrate from one place to another, solid wastes are not free flowing (1). Handling and containment of liquid, and to greater extent solid wastes has remained one of man’s intractable problems. Indiscriminate disposal and dumping of waste has become a common practice in Nigerian cities (2, 3). Most of the waste dumps are located close to residential areas, markets, farms, roadsides, and creeks. The composition of waste dumps; varies widely, with many human activities located close to dump sites (4). Familiar examples include domestic and industrial wastes. Industrial wastes are generated from industrial activities such as chemicals, pesticides, paints, grease, inorganic materials, oil sludge, and so on. Domestic wastes are those generated from commercial establishments and household activities. They occur in different forms, water-borne waste from households, including sewage and sullage water, rubbish, human and animal remains as well as chemical and laboratory wastes (5, 6). Apart from various diseases and toxic conditions inherent in and derivable from wastes products, the presence of waste degenerates the aesthetic value of the environment. In view of the diverse nature of Nigerian Society and economic, cultural and sociopolitical problems, this paper takes into consideration appropriate strategies and measures that could be adopted for waste-management to ensure protection of our environment.
Immunological Studies on Experimental Infection of Guineapigs and Rabbits with Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782. I.—The Minimum Lethal Dose (M.L.D.) and the Minimum Immunizing Dose (M.I.D.) of Ascaris Eggs in Guineapigs

Guineapigs infected with a lethal dose of Ascaris eggs died between the fifth and tenth day of infection. The M.L. D. was found to be 20,000 eggs. The clinical symptoms and the macroscopic lesions in the liver and lung are described. Infected guineapigs developed an active acquired immunity and repeated infection conferred a high degree of resistance on animals which were subsequently reinfected. Resistance was manifested by the survival of the host following a lethal dose of eggs, and by an inhibition of larval migration. (Less haemorrhage was found in the lung, and fewer larvae were recovered from the lungs and tracheae, after reinfection than following one infection). The M.I. D. against a reinfective lethal dose 18 days after infection was 500 eggs. The smallest immunizing dose required to give resistance to a challenge 51 days later was 10,000 eggs. This suggests that the resistance manifested at three weeks is greater than that shown after seven weeks, i.e. there is a waning of the immunity.
Impact of two wildfires on endemic granite outcrop vegetation in Western Australia

Abstract In seasonally dry regions of the world fire is a recurring disturbance but little is known of how fire interacts with granite outcrop vegetation. We hypothesize that the floristic composition in granite vegetation, usually attributed to the edaphic environment, may also reflect the impact of disturbances such as fire. Dramatic differences in floristic composition and cover over 13 years and two fires were observed in vegetation on a Western Australian granite outcrop. This was very marked in the first year following the two fires, with annuals and geophytes showing the greatest turnover of species. Even among the perennial shrubs there was considerable turnover in a number of obligate seeders. After the first fire the number of species declined for woody perennials, herbaceous perennials and annuals, remained unchanged for perennial grasses and sedges, and varied with highest richness 4 yr after fire for geophytes. Demographic studies of two endemic woody obligate seeders and three endemic mallee eucalypt resprouters similarly showed dramatic differences within and between species in seedling recruitment following the two fires. Fire does have a significant impact on the floristic composition of semi-arid granite outcrop vegetation communities. Studies on other granite outcrop systems are needed to test the generality of this conclusion. Nomenclature: follows the database of Western Australian plant names maintained by the Western Australian Herbarium (Paczkowska & Chapman 2000).
Calcium Depletion

in promoting the -actual disease is fully emphasized in recent reports, and it is of first-rate importance that a corrected and happier view should reach the miners, requiring as a first step that medical opinion shoult become uniform in recognizing a sharp distinction between oscillation-a craft adaptation-and miners' nystagmusan industrial disease. In the light of human nature this distinction would be greatly strengthened if the name of the industrial disease could be altered-not a new idea, but one that gains increased point from the suggested pathology. Mr. Caiger stresses again what he has urged before and what the men themselves urge, the importance of suitable work on the surface for affected men. It is known that this facilitates recovery from the disease. It is also stated that in India the miners alternate agriculture with mining and there is no nystagmus. In this country it is found that it, takes about 30 years for the average, man to develop oscillations. It would presumably lessen the incidence of the disease amongst these older men, practically all of whom have some oscillations, if they could have partial surface work in a rotation of, say, one month on the surface to three underground. This may seem a formidable proposal, but with only 25 per cent. of the men to cater for the suggestion could be carried out by finding 30 surface jobs (6 per cent.) for a 500-man pit. Good will could do much to overcome the difficulties, and with the impending developments of " oil from coal " more surface work, not all technical, wMi be created and could be reserved for this purpose. It is, however, probable that any arrangement must fail to achieve its full capacity for benefit until it is accepted that oscillations are the indication of a fully adapted miner, that they are quite distinct from the disease " miners' verfigo," or whatever the disease be called, and that they imply at the worst a " contingent liability " to the disease. The discussion returns as always to the opinion of Coates, quoted and proved many years ago by Llewellyn, that deficient illumination is the cause and that the coming of adequate pit lighting will eradicate the disease. -I am, etc.,