Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rollover far side roof strength test and simulation

Abstract Rollovers are severe road accidents. The main injured parts of occupants' body in rollover are the head and neck that make contact with roof interior during this accident scenario. The more the roof structure intrudes during the rollover process, the higher is the chance of impact contact. Real-world rollover accidents roof damages and PC-CRASH rollover reconstruction of vehicle dynamic analysis show far side structure to experience more severe load in the rollover. To simulate this experimentally, roof crush test rig was designed and built on the basis of the rollover ground–roof interaction analysis. Full-size roof crush test was carried out and later numerically modelled using LS-DYNA 3D. Numerical simulation results show good agreement with test results. The methodology of testing, simulation and evaluation of vehicle structure provided a useful tool for safety car design aspects. The validated model provides a reliable platform for future structure optimisation.
Control of irrigation scheduling using temperature-time thresholds

Irrigation of cotton was scheduled using a minimum three-day irrigation cycle which was adjusted by temperature-time thresholds (TTT). These TTT were measured as the amount of time that canopy temperature exceeded 28° C during one day. The TTT that were tested ranged from 2.5 to 7.0 h in 1991 and from 2 to 8 h in 1992. In both years an increase of 1 h in TTT decreased the number of irrigations by 1.3 for the period day of year (DOY) 184 to DOY 243. Average canopy temperature between DOY 198 and DOY 273 was 1.2° C higher in the 7.5 TTT than in 2.5 TTT in 1991 and in 1992 the 8 TTT treatment was 2.2° C higher than the 2 TTT treatment (averages are based on time when air temperature exceeded 28° C and total radiation exceeded 500 W/m2). The TTT treatments produced consistent differences in irrigation frequency and application amount in both years. Yields were not different among the TTT treatments in either year. In 1991 Verticillium wilt, a severe infestation of aphids, and 26.6 cm of rainfall during July through September reduced yields in all treatments. All irrigated yields were high in 1992 compared to long-term averages in spite of a late planting date. Even a small amount of irrigation in 1992 combined with a full soil water profile prevented significant moisture stress.
The Relationship between Managerial Skills and Teaching Effectiveness of Elementary School Teachers

This study aimed to find out any significant relationship between the managerial skills and teaching effectiveness of the selected elementary teachers. Using a descriptive method of research, a total of 62 public elementary teachers from eleven (11) elementary schools in Candelaria West District in the Philippines during the academic year 2018-2019 were chosen as study participants. An expert-validate questionnaire in checklist form was the main tool for data collection. The perceived managerial skills of the teachers were manifested through their technical, conceptual and human skills. Meanwhile, the level of the teaching effectiveness is always effective in terms of management of students’ behavior and assessment of students’ learning and effective in organization of instruction and adjustment of learning. Results further revealed that there was significant relationship in managerial skills and teaching effectiveness in terms of management of students’ behavior, organization of instruction, assessment of students’ learning and adjustment of learning. The managerial technical skill was significantly related to teaching effectiveness. There is perceived necessity to develop further the managerial skills of the teachers. Administrator may provide programs and activities for improvement and application of teachers’ managerial skills.
Individual Mid-Air Gesture Sets Informed by Conceptual Metaphors: A Case Study on How Users Generate Mid-Air Gesture Sets to Control Video Streaming

Design and Semantics of Form and Movement 122 Recent research on mid-air gesture interaction for TV control aimed to standardize them. To this end, researchers developed a design approach that relies on the agreement rates among the elicited end-user gestures. Contrasting with the agreement based approach; a recent study have shown that the most common mid-air gestures might not be the most favored ones. In addition to this, researchers claimed that the agreement studies ignore users’ cultural and conceptual bias. Thus, it can be postulated that the mid-air gesture interaction research can benefit from a qualitative analysis of the users’ mid-gesture set design processes. Towards this end, this study investigated users’ task conceptualizations and mental models. For this purpose, a mid-air gesture-based video streaming experiment was simulated with 10 participants, 4 females and 6 males. Through the lens of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, the study investigated the similarities between the participants’ conceptual representations. The study findings demonstrated that the participants’ conceptualizations had clear references to their bodies and prior physical experiences with the objects, which reflected as linguistic representations of orientational and ontological metaphors in participants’ explanations. Further findings of the study addressed intersections between participants’ mental models.
Certain characteristics of distributed parameter phase-shifting networks

The attenuation and the frequency-stability characteristics of the voltage and the current transfer functions (at 180° phase-shift) of some well-known two-port three-terminal nonuniform distributed parameter (NUDP) networks are presented. These results reveal, perhaps for the first time, the pattern of variation of the frequency stability with respect to the attenuation (at 180° phase shift) of the transfer function of a NUDP structure. It is observed that, for a given set of values of tapering factor, position of input end, load impedance, and source impedance, there is a unique physical length of each specimen of the NUDP network associated with a particular frequency of phase reversal at which the attenuation of the transfer function is the minimum.
DUCTILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR REINFORCEMENT UNDER EUROCODES

Experimental research is reported in which cyclic tests showed that the currently accepted properties of reinforcing steel do not provide sufficient local ductility for the highest ductility class of structures envisaged by the Eurocodes. New requirements are proposed for reinforcing steel to be used in seismic regions, particularly with reference to uniform elongation at maximum load, and the ratio between ultimate stress and yield stress.
A temporal typology for innovation within the construction industry

Without innovation a business does not have a rational source of competitive advantage in construction (CAC), necessary for appropriating added value. Various management research papers have identified factors that may create innovation conditions. Other researchers have shown how industries have innovated through time. This paper draws upon both sources to show a temporal development for the strategic introduction of innovation within the construction industry. This paper develops the temporal typology as a model for identifying and developing potential sources of innovation. The model (which consists of an ordered set of four epochs) provides a typology of innovation based on different routes through the epochs that together describe the different innovation (business cycle) contexts which can be utilised to identify which sources of innovation may be most appropriate in order to create a further (and higher) source of added value. This paper illustrates the representativeness of the model to “real‐life.
Internal Gear Strains and Load Sharing in Planetary Transmissions: Model and Experiments

This paper presents results of a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study to determine the influence of certain key factors in planetary transmissions on gear stresses and planetary load sharing. A series of tests are conducted on a family of planetary gear sets, and strains are recorded at various locations on the outer diameter and gear tooth fillet of the ring gear. Pinion position errors are introduced as a representative key manufacturing tolerance, and the resultant changes in the planetary behavior are observed. The experimental data are compared to the predictions of a state-of-the-art multi-body contact analysis model-Gear System Analysis Modules (GSAM). This model is capable of including the influences of a number of system-level variables and quantifying their impact on gear strains. The model predictions are shown to compare well with the measured strain at the ring gear outer diameter and tooth fillet. GSAM predictions of planet load sharing are then used to quantify the influence of tangential pinhole position errors on three-, four-, five-, and six-planet test gear sets. These predictions also agree well with the planet load sharing experiments presented in a companion paper.
Design for Triple Band Patch Array Antenna with High Detection Ability

This paper proposes a theoretical analysis of hidden device detection and a design of multiband circular polarization patch array antenna for non-linear junction detector system application. A good axial ratio of circular polarization patch antenna is realized by a new approach that employs inclined slots, two rectangular grooves and a truncated ground for the conventional antenna. A good axial ratio of the 1.5 dB lower is measured by having an asymmetric gap distance between the ground planes of the coplanar waveguide feeding structure. The common ground plane of the linear array has an optimum trapezoidal slot array to reduce the mutual coupling without increasing the distance between the radiators. The higher gain of about 1 dBi is realized by using the novel common ground structure. The measured return loss, gain, and axial ratio of the proposed single radiator, as well as the proposed array antennas, showed a good agreement with the simulated results.
Wavelength Converter Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on XPM at 40 Gb/s for Future Transport Networks

Abstract We have simulated, for the first time, wavelength converter for future broadcast networks at 40 Gb/s using low-cost semiconductor optical amplifiers. The performance analysis is carried out for an all-optical frequency converter based on cross-phase modulation in two semiconductor optical amplifiers arranged in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration to evaluate the efficiency of conversion. The results, evaluated analytically for input, return to zero signal at a bit rate of 40 Gb/s show that conversion is possible over a wavelength separation of 1 nm between the pump and the input wavelength. Increasing the driving current can decrease the cross-phase modulation effect. The cross gain modulation scheme shows extinction ratio degradation for conversion to longer wavelengths.
Simulation Modeling of Cost Overrun in Construction Project in Ethiopia

Cost is an essential part of any construction project. It was observed that cost overrun is one of the most frequently occurring issues in construction projects of Ethiopia and it is more severe in different parts of the country. The aim of this research has identified the factors that influence cost overruns of construction projects, quantified the percentage of identified factors, established probability distribution of identified factors and develop simulation modeling of cost overrun. The study was conducted based on the desk study and questionnaire survey. Questionnaire surveys were analyzed by using Relative Important Index (RII) ranking and significance of data checked by using a t-test at a 95% confidence level. Based on the desk study of 19 projects, a simulation model of cost overrun was developed by using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Simulation models showed a higher frequency of cost overrun occurring up to 10%. This indicates that the actual cost of most construction projects runs up to 10 % over the budgeted cost of work performed.
Determining Design Speed of Truck Escape Ramp Based on Back Analysis Method

Research on design speed of truck escape ramp (TER) was carried out in order to make it more cost-effective and safer. The data of 9 TERs of Yuanmo Expressway has been collected. Back analysis method was brought forward and adopted to analyze the speed of out-of-control vehicles entering arrester bed. According to distribution of vehicle speed data, the speed of vehicles losing braking capabilities that met a probability were obtained, which could be used to determine TER design speed. The result also showed that 99 percent of vehicles’ speed was lower than 102.2 km/h, which was much lower than the speed of 130 km/h introduced internationally. The TERs designed by using this result has opened to traffic for one year. No traffic accidents occurred yet caused by improper settings of TER.
Key process area mapping in the production of an e‐capability maturity model for UK construction organisations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the production of the key process areas (KPAs) for an e-capability maturity model for construction organisations, based on drivers and barriers to e-procurement.Design/methodology/approach – Previous researchers have recognised the positive consequences of possessing a model to sustain the embedment of any business process within an organisation. The capability maturity model progressed into one of the most internationally recognised since the release of the Software Capability Maturity Model (CMM) in 1991. Since then, many CMMs have been developed. This paper reports on how a CMM based on drivers and barriers to e-procurement identified in Eadie et al. can be developed to form the KPAs in the formation of a model to gauge the maturity of an organisation in relation to e-procurement.Findings – It was found that factor analysis could be used as a data reduction technique toreduce the 20 drivers and 32 barriers identified as being applicable to e-procurement in construction, to 12 KPAs: Quality management system; Cost management system; Intergroup coordination; Time management system; Operational analysis; Organisational change management system; Integrated teaming; Governance management system; Requirements development; Knowledge management system; Integration management system; and Organisational environment.Originality/value – This paper provides particulars of a research project which uses factor analysis to produce a set of KPAs from the drivers and barriers identified in Eadie et al. These KPAs are then subjected to a mapping process linking them to maturity levels to develop a CMM to analyse the e-procurement capability of construction organisations. This mapping will be reported in a later paper. This e-readiness of organisations will indicate the current state of a construction organisation in terms of its readiness to carry out e-procurement. The paper describes in detail the identification of the KPAs.
Singles Day and Consumer Spending Offline

We study the spending response at offline retailers to China’s Singles Day, the world’s largest E-Commerce shopping holiday. Consumer’s credit and debit card spending at the brick-and-mortar stores increases by 10.6% on the Singles Day during 2013-2017. The increase is concentrated in physical retail goods, with no effect in categories unaffected by online shopping promotions such as dining, entertainment, and travel. The response is prevalent throughout the years and across consumer demographics and preferences. Exploiting O2O integration events that allow us to control for online-offline difference in product access and pricing, consumer offline spending experienced a strong and persistent increase on the Singles Day primarily for the shopping-experience-dependent products. Despite large(r) price promotions offered online, the offline spending (via bank cards) on the Singles Day amounts to over 60% of Alibaba’s same-day online sales in our sample period.
Flame Stability of Gaseous Fuel Combustion inside Meso-Scale Combustor with Double Wire Mesh

Flame stability of gaseous fuel inside meso-scale combustor with double wire mesh was investigated experimentally. Combustor was made from quartz glass tube with an inner diameter of 3,5 mm and an outer diameter of 5 mm. Two pieces of wire meshes were made from stainless steel inserted at 10 and 13 mm from the end of combustor. Propane was used as fuel in this research. Flame was stabilized in the region between two wire meshes. The flame has a blue luminosity, indicate no soot formation condition. However, the second wire mesh and combustor wall has red luminousity at high velocity reactant, indicate that they have high temperature and emmited heat radiation. Meso-scale combustor with double wire mesh has broader flame stability area if compared to combustor with single wire mesh. Extention of this region occured toward lower equivalence ratio for lean fuel mixture, as well as toward higher equivalence ratio for rich fuel mixture. The most important extention region of flame stability area is toward higher reactant flow rate. It was caused by existing of second wire mesh which has function to prevent occurence of blow–off at relatively high reactant flow rate, as well as to increase heat recirculation to unburnt reactant as a results of higher wall temperature.
Situation Awareness (SA), a Qualitative User-Centered Information Needs Assessment Approach

Abstract In order to keep the human professional in charge and to enable him/her to solve meaningful problems in a manner that is as natural as possible, new approaches that are more user-oriented should be used to augment human capabilities. Situation Awareness (SA) improves decision-making and performance in complex, dynamic environment by enhancing ambient awareness of the system-user. Situation Awareness is a qualitative user-centered information needs assessment approach that provides a better conceptual map of information requirement which have the potential to ultimately lead to the development of Information Technological (IT) tools for SA enhancement. Until now, SA has not been considered as a potential method of improving the cognitive decision-making process within the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Owner (AECO) domain. The objective of this study is to apply the qualitative SA approach to the AECO-related practices and investigate its benefits and challenges in such a domain. Developing construction management methods and support systems that center on SA requirements can improve managers’ decision-making processes. This study applies the Goal Directed Cognitive Task Analysis (GDTA) technique in two different areas of AECO, construction safety and facility management, in order to obtain the key goals and SA requirements of performing their tasks. As the result of the GDTA methodology, a hierarchy of goals, sub-goals, decisions and information required for achieving the goals has been provided for each of the said areas. An IT tool that was built based on the SA-based outcome of the Facility Management pilot application has also been discussed in the paper. These SA requirements lay the foundation for future role-based decision support systems that can assist AECO personnel in their decision making process within dynamic and information-rich environments throughout the life cycle of a facility from the construction to the operations phase.
Effective flexural stiffness for linear seismic analysis of concrete walls

A trilinear bending moment – curvature model is used to develop a general method for determining the effective flexural stiffness of concrete walls for use in linear seismic analysis. The method accounts for the initial section stiffness EcIg prior to cracking and the retention of initial stiffness after cracking due to axial compression from gravity loads closing cracks. Accounting for the initial stiffness is particularly important for typical high-rise concrete walls, which have significant compression and low percentages of vertical reinforcement. The effective flexural stiffness is determined from the slope of the elastic portion of an equivalent elastic-plastic load–deflection curve that has the same area under the curve as the actual nonlinear relationship. The general method requires information about the vertical reinforcement and strength of the wall. Simplified expressions are proposed to estimate the effective flexural stiffness based only on the axial compression near the base of the wall. Se.
An analysis of value management in practice: the case of Northern Ireland's construction industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of research into the principles and procedures associated with value management (VM) and assess its use and effectiveness within the construction industry in Northern Ireland. It provides a brief review of the principles, various procedures and methods associated with VM, investigates the positive and negative factors relating to its use whilst analysing the extent of its usage and determining its effectiveness.Design/methodology/approach – Using a mixed method approach, the authors present the results of a survey of construction professionals operating in Northern Ireland and provide an examination of three case studies exploring the use of VM within the Northern Ireland construction industry.Findings – In an industry where the client's needs and demands are of paramount importance, VM has emerged as a tool which can help satisfy these needs. This study shows that VM is frequently used within the Northern Ireland construction industry and on t.
Afterburning Aspects in an Internal TNT Explosion

The afterburning is a complex chemical process which stems from the reaction of the detonation products with the oxygen in the air when appropriate conditions exist. TNT is a very fuel-rich explosive as indicated by the large negative oxygen balance value of −74%. It means that there is not enough oxygen in its initial chemical compound and extra oxygen is needed to make the afterburning energy release possible. This article describes in details the calculation process for evaluating the amount of energy release in a confined TNT explosion. Moreover, partial afterburning energy release is also calculated for cases of oxygen deficiency. Commonly, numerical simulations take into account only the detonation energy in blast pressure analysis and it is responsible for under prediction of blast pressures in a confined explosion. Accounting for the afterburning energy as well considerably improves the predictions and yields pressures that are in good correspondence with measured data. The calculation time however increases by an order of magnitude. An afterburning coefficient was defined as the relation between the total energy released and the detonation energy. This coefficient was found useful for correcting numerical simulation results of TNT confined explosion which take into account only the detonation energy. This correction can be achieved by multiplying the pressure-time history with the afterburning coefficient. In addition, an analytic method, based on thermodynamic rules, was developed for calculating the gas pressure resulted by TNT confined explosion. This unique method takes into account the variation of the total energy released and the heat capacity ratio depending on the ratio between the charge weight divided by the confined air volume. The gas pressure obtained using this method was shown to be in good agreement with experimental results that are published in the literature.