Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Botnets Attack Detection Using Machine Learning Approach for IoT Environment

The era of the Internet of Things (IoT) is very rapidly developing with millions of devices that are useful in the smart home, smart city, and many other smart systems for education, organization and so on. On the other side, attackers are mostly targeting these devices. After infecting the malware attacks on these devices, they become bots that are controlled by attackers, and these will be targeted to the organizations not only for stealing important information but also for breaking down the network. Although some security mechanisms have developed to protect against cyber-attacks, most such systems are rule-based systems, like public IDS systems. And also, the formal rule-based detection could be circumvented by the malware attackers’ knowledge. Therefore, the machine learning-based detection scheme is the replacement for the lack of previous detection techniques. The proposed detection architecture is based on machine learning methodology, like the CART algorithm and public IDS dataset, named N-BaIoT. The experimental results indicate that the detection accuracy of the selected classifier, CART is significantly better than that of the Naïve Bayes classifier, and the overall detection rate using CART is reached up to 99%.
Efecto de la oxidación térmica en nanoestructuras de TiO2 sobre la nanodureza y resistencia a la corrosión

This article aimed to analyze the effect of the thermal oxidation in the corrosion resistance and the hardness properties of TiO2 nanostructures obtained by the anodizing process in the HF/H3PO4 solution. TiO2 nanostructures on Ti6Al4V obtained by anodizing processes were subjected to thermal oxidation (TO) treatments over a temperature range from 500 oC to 620 oC for 2 hours. Surface morphology was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy; the hardness properties of TiO2 nanostructures were obtained by Nanoindentation measurements using a Berkovich probe with a tip radius of 150 mm. The corrosion behavior of the samples was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that TiO2 nanostructures, modified by thermal oxidation, increased the surface properties of hardness and corrosion resistance, compared to the substrate, maintaining its mixed or tubular structure. On the other hand, a transformation of nanotubes to nanopores after 600oC was evidenced, generating significant changes in the mechanical properties of these structures.
Formation of quasi-mesocrystal ZnMn2O4 twin microspheres via an oriented attachment for lithium-ion batteries

At present, transition metal oxides (TMOs) have generally been fabricated via annealing carbonates pre-obtained by a precipitation/solvothermal route. We noted that researchers mainly focused on how to get the expected TMOs through calcination. However, study about the formation process of the corresponding precursors is rarely investigated. Instead, it is of much importance for the development of materials chemistry. Herein, as an example, for the first time, we devise a facile polyol-based method to synthesize the quasi-mesocrystal ZnMn2O4 porous twin-microspheres. Formation chemistry and electrochemical properties of the twin spheres have been investigated in detail. A distinctive oriented attachment accompanied by Ostwald ripening is proposed to understand the formation of the 3D carbonate twin microspheres, providing a new research opportunity for investigating the formation of novel micro/nanostructures. Benefitting from the many unique structural advantages, including quasi-mesocrystal architecture, 3D hierarchical porous microstructure, and lithium alloying reaction, the as-prepared ZnMn2O4 twin spheres represent remarkable lithium storage properties when evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with high capacity, long cycle life and remarkable rate capability. The 3D porous hierarchical structures demonstrate great potential as anode materials for high-performance LIBs.
NITROGEN NUTRITION ON LEAF CHLOROPHYLL, CANOPY REFLECTANCE, GRAIN PROTEIN AND GRAIN YIELD OF WHEAT VARIETIES WITH CONTRASTING GRAIN PROTEIN CONCENTRATION

Wheat cultivars (‘AC Barrie’, ‘Brook Field’, ‘Hoffman’, and ‘Norwell’) with different protein concentrations were compared under four nitrogen (N) levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha−1) in an environment-controlled greenhouse, and the same experiment with an additional N level (200 kg N ha−1) was repeated in the field in 2007. In the greenhouse experiment, application of 100 kg N ha−1 resulted in significantly greater grain yield due mainly to higher number of grains per spike and heavier mean grain weight; in the field study, the 150 kg N ha−1 treatment produced the greatest yield (P<0.01) primarily due to more number of grains per spike. Crude grain protein percentage was increased significantly with each increment of N up to the highest level; however, protein yield (kg ha−1) increased significantly with fertilizer up to 150 kg N ha−1. Leaf chlorophyll contents were increased linearly with increment of N levels up to 150 kg ha−1 both in the greenhouse and field trials while leaf area indices continued to increase up to the highest application rate (200 kg N ha−1). Canopy reflectance, expressed as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), attained maximum value with 150 kg N ha−1 in the field experiment. Among the varieties tested, “Hoffman” out-yielded other three varieties due to heavier grain weight. Although highest grain and/or plant crude protein content were recorded in ‘AC Barrie’, it was the variety ‘Hoffman’ that produced the highest total protein (kg ha−1) with largest NDVI and leaf area index (LAI) values.
Is There a Macro-Announcement Premium?

The VIX barely drops at macro-announcements. This is at odds with virtually all models that attempt to explain the "macro-announcement premium. " We point out that the macro-announcement sample is too small, considering the high volatility and fat tail of daily returns. Our small-sample argument jointly explains the return and VIX patterns of macro-announcement days. The estimation based on a statistical model shows that high macro-announcement returns are not a manifestation of high conditional equity premiums, but return innovations that are not averaged out in-sample. Non-announcement days with similar drops in the VIX obtain similar excess returns through asymmetric volatility. Our analysis suggests that the large average macro-announcement return might not be a compensation for perceived uncertainty.
GENETIC TREND FOR MILK PRODUCTION AND LONGEVITY TRAITS OF EGYPTIAN BUFFALO

Data used in this study comprised 1792 records for 1126 buffalo female born from 1980 to 2013, daughters of 101 sires and 896 dams from four buffalo herds (El-Nattafe el gadid, El-Nattafe el kadim, Mahalet mousa and El-gmeza) that belong to the Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt. The objective was estimate the heritability and genetic trend of some milk production and longevity traits of Egyptian buffaloes that we know precisely which traits can be improved using genetic improvement. The studied traits were milk production traits (total milk yield, 305days milk yield and lactation period) and longevity traits (total milk yield during the productive life, productive life and number of lactations). The least squares means of the milk production traits were 1176.53, 1172.61 kg and 202 days of the total milk yield, 305-days milk yield and lactation period, respectively. The least squares means of longevity traits were 6905.04 kg, 952 days and 5.6 lactation of total milk yield during productive life, productive life and number of lactations, respectively. The heritability estimates for the milk production traits were 0.498 of the total milk yield, 0.492 of 305-days milk yield and 0.189 for lactation period. The heritability estimates for longevity traits were 0.497 of total milk yield during productive life, 0.498 of productive life and 0.069 of number of lactations. The estimated breeding values for all traits varied widely. The genetic trends of animal and dam breeding values were significant for all studied. This confirms that the genetic improvement of these traits leads to increased milk production.
“I wanted to follow in her footsteps”: Activating, Nurturing, and Extending Community Cultural Wealth for Students of Color Entering STEM Pathways

Background/Context Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations account for the second-fastest growing sector in the United States. As racial and ethnic “minorities” become the college-age majority, there is a need to facilitate access and success for Students of Color in STEM fields. Purpose The present study seeks to investigate the ways in which important others shape the initial educational and career aspirations of Students of Color pursuing STEM pathways. Research Design This study draws on a mixed-methods research design using both survey and interview data to investigate similar and different facets of the college and career decision-making processes for Students of Color in STEM fields. Results Findings from this study suggest that as Students of Color narrow their decisions to attend college, select a STEM major, and pursue a STEM career, the network of people who influence these decisions widens beyond parents and family members to include K-12 teachers and other institutional agents. This network, then, activates, nurtures, and/or extends the community cultural wealth for Students of Color entering STEM pathways. Conclusion/Recommendations Our findings suggest that at every decision-making point (e.g., going to college, selecting a STEM major, and pursuing a STEM career), family members (e.g., parents, siblings, and extended family) directly or indirectly shaped the STEM pathways of Students of Color. As such, we argue that families cannot be ignored in the pursuit toward diversifying the STEM workforce.
Impact of Reaction Conditions on the Structures of Nickel(II) Complexes Based on 3-(4-Carboxyphenyl)propionic Acid

Two new nickel(II) complexes, [Ni(4, 4′-bpy)(H2O)4]n·n(cpp)·0.5nH2O (1) and [Ni(cpp)(4, 4′-bpy)(H2O)2]n (2) [4, 4′-bpy = 4, 4′-bipyridine, H2cpp = 3-(4-carboxyphenyl)propionic acid] were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. In complex 1, NiII ions are bridged by 4, 4′-bpy into 1D chains, and cpp ligands are not involved in the coordination, whereas in complex 2, cpp ligands adopt a bis(monodentate) mode and link NiII ions into 2D (4, 4) grids with the help of 4, 4′-bpy ligands. Triple interpenetration occurs, which results in the formation of a complicated 3D network. The difference in the structures of the two complexes can be attributed to the different reaction temperatures and bases.
Reactivity of Laboratory and Industrial Limes

Abstract Quicklimes produced in an industrial kiln have a very low hydration activity compared to those produced in the laboratory. In this study, we seek to explain these differences in reactivities by providing quantitative data on the kinetics of the two mechanisms involved in the production of quicklime: the calcination of limestone to produce quicklime, and the undesirable sintering of quicklime. The first mechanism increases the specific surface area of the product from a few m 2 g −1 to more than 80 m 2 g −1 , making the quicklime highly reactive: the time to react with water is less than 10 s. The second mechanism reduces the specific surface area down to a few m 2 g −1 —which is typical for an industrial quicklime—and severely reduces its reactivity: the time to react with water is around 15 min. The impact of the local temperature and of the local partial pressure of CO 2 is quantified for both mechanisms, by experimenting the two extreme cases of pure N 2 atmosphere and pure CO 2 atmosphere using specially designed laboratory apparatus. Some correlation between the quicklime reactivity and the specific surface area is found. The work demonstrates that industrial furnace calcining large limestone pellets, leads to low reactivity quicklimes both because the calcination temperature is too high and the CO 2 pressure is too elevated.
A New Method to Model Magnetic Cloud-driven Forbush Decreases: The 2016 August 2 Event

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), generally containing magnetic clouds (MCs), are associated with galactic-cosmic ray (GCR) intensity depressions known as Forbush decreases (FDs). An ICME was observed at L1 between 2016 August 2 at 14:00 UT and August 3 at 03:00 UT. The MC region was identified and its magnetic configuration was retrieved by using the Grad–Shafranov (GS) reconstruction. A weak FD in the GCR count-rate was observed on 2016 August 2 by a particle detector on board the European Space Agency LISA Pathfinder mission. The spacecraft orbited around L1 and the particle detector allowed us to monitor the GCR intensity at energies above 70 MeV n−1. A 9% decrease in the cosmic-ray intensity was observed during the ICME passage. The first structure of the ICME caused a 6.4% sharp decrease, while the MC produced a 2.6% decrease. A suited full-orbit test-particle simulation was performed on the MC configuration obtained through the GS reconstruction. The FD amplitude and time profile obtained through the simulation show an excellent agreement with observations. The test-particle simulation allows us to derive the energy dependence of the MC-driven FD providing an estimate of the amplitude at different rigidities, here compared with several neutron monitor observations. This work points out the importance of the large-scale MC configuration in the interaction between GCRs and ICMEs and suggests that particle drifts have a primary role in modulating the GCR intensity within the MC under study and possibly in at least all slowly expanding ICMEs lacking a shock/sheath region.
Helical Transition of Polymer-like Assemblies in Solution

A minimal model is presented for helix-coil type transitions in solutions of self-assembled supramolecular polymers. The diagram of states calculated using this model shows that there are essentially two ordering regimes, one where the polymerization transition and the helical transition coincide and one where they are separate. In both regimes a strong coupling exists between the growth and the helical transition of the supramolecular polymers. Comparison of the theory with experimental data confirms that the minimal model provides an adequate description of helix-coil type transitions in self-assembled polymers and that these transitions can be highly cooperative.
Simulation Game Versus Multiple Choice Questionnaire to Assess the Clinical Competence of Medical Students: Prospective Sequential Trial

Background The use of simulation games (SG) to assess the clinical competence of medical students has been poorly studied. Objective The objective of this study was to assess whether an SG better reflects the clinical competence of medical students than a multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ). Methods Fifth-year medical students in Paris (France) were included and individually evaluated on a case of pediatric asthma exacerbation using three successive modalities: high-fidelity simulation (HFS), considered the gold standard for the evaluation of clinical competence, the SG Effic’Asthme, and an MCQ designed for the study. The primary endpoint was the median kappa coefficient evaluating the correlation of the actions performed by the students between the SG and HFS modalities and the MCQ and HFS modalities. Student satisfaction was also evaluated. Results Forty-two students were included. The actions performed by the students were more reproducible between the SG and HFS modalities than between the MCQ and HFS modalities (P=.04). Students reported significantly higher satisfaction with the SG (P<.01) than with the MCQ modality. Conclusions The SG Effic’Asthme better reflected the actions performed by medical students during an HFS session than an MCQ on the same asthma exacerbation case. Because SGs allow the assessment of more dimensions of clinical competence than MCQs, they are particularly appropriate for the assessment of medical students on situations involving symptom recognition, prioritization of decisions, and technical skills. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03884114; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03884114
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF VIRAL MARKER DETECTION IN PROGRESSION OF HIGH RISK HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS ASSOCIATED CANCER CERVIX

The objective was to detect the viral marker HPV16 L1 capsid protein in cervical neoplasia to analyse its association with different grades of cervical lesions and its implication as a prognostic marker. Detection of L1 capsid protein of HPV16 by immunostaining was done using anti-HPV16 mouse monoclonal antibody against L1 fusion protein in cervical scraping or biopsy specimens obtained from the subjects. Total 84 cases of cervical cancerous lesions in a graded spectrum were observed for expression of L1 capsid protein of HPV16, among which 30 cases showed L1 expression and 54 cases did not. The expression rates of L1 protein among ASCUS, ASC-H, LSIL and HSIL were 33.33%, 62.50%, 80% and 36.36% respectively. Among invasive lesions, the L1 expression rates were 23.53%, 14.29% and 7.69% in well, moderately and poorly differentiated SCC respectively. Overall the L1 positivity rate was 35.71%. The expression of L1 proteins decreased with increase in lesion grade. This declining trend of L1 positivity rate with increasing grade of lesion was extremely significant (p value for chi squared for trend is 0.0002). The difference of L1 expression between preinvasive and invasive group was also significant (p<0.0001). Expression of L1 capsid protein of HPV16 was high in lower grade preinvasive lesions and it steadily declined with increasing grade of lesion. Therefore, detection of viral marker HPV16 L1 Protein can be used as a prognostic tool and a marker of immune response against HPV16.
Effects of elective cesarean sections on perinatal outcomes and care practices

Abstract Objectives: to verify the effects of elective cesarean sections on perinatal outcomes and care practices, as compared to vaginal deliveries. Methods: cohort study with 591 mothers and their babies, developed in a medium-sized city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from hospital records and by interviews at the neonatal screening unit in the city from July 2015 to February 2016. Data regarding childbirth, newborns, sociodemography, and current gestational history were obtained from each mother. The associations of interest were evaluated with Cox regression analyses adjusted for the covariates identified through the results of bivariate analyses presenting a statistical significance level ofp<0.20. In adjusted analyzes, relationships were considered significant ifp<0.05, with relative risk being considered as the measure of effect. Results: if compared to women who had vaginal deliveries, those who were submitted to elective cesarean sections were at a higher risk of not having skin-to-skin contact with their babies in the delivery room, of not breastfeeding in the first hour of life, and of having their babies hospitalized in a neonatal unit. Conclusions: reducing the number of elective cesarean sections is essential to foster good neonatal care practices and reduce negative neonatal outcomes.
Chiral Etch Pits on Sodium Chlorate Crystals

Microtopography of {100}, {110}, {111}, and {210} surfaces of sodium chlorate crystals etched in various solvents has been studied by optical microscopy. It has been established that etch pits formed on left- and right-handed crystals are chiral, and directions of dissolution steps reveal bond chains of the structure.
The Effect of Devidend Payout Ratio, Assets Growth on Corporate Value with Debt to Equity Ratio as Moderating Variable (Empirical Study on Manufacturing Company Consumer Goods Industry Sectors listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2018)

This study aims to analyze the affect of dividend payout ratio, asset growth, and Debt to Equity Ratio as a moderation on corporate value. The independent variables used in this study are Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Total Asset Growth (TAG), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). The dependent variable used is the corporate value with the proxy Tobin's Q. The research sample is a manufacturing company of Consumer Goods Industry that is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a research period of 2015-2018. Data was collected by purposive sampling method. The Data analysis method used is multiple linear regression method by performing statistical testing between variabels. The result of this study indicate that the t-test, Dividend policy (DPR) affect on corporate value. Asset growth (TAG) has no affect on corporate value. DER variable is a moderating variable that affects the relationship between the DPR and Corporate Value Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) affect on corporate value. DER strengthens DPR’s relationship with corporate value. DER variable as a moderating variable does not affect the relationship of AG with Corporate Value.
Genetic Relationships and Principal Component Analysis in Elite Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Seed Yield and Its Component Traits

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the important Rabi season food legume crop ranked third after common bean and field pea. The degree and extent of trait variability, genetic relationship and genetic diversity in promising chickpea genotypes should be known for possible yield improvement. Realizing the importance of genetic relationships and genetic diversity in key economic traits, the present investigation envisaged to measure the genetic relationships in the yield component traits to make effective selection for yield improvement in chickpea breeding programme. Methods: The experimental material comprised of 60 chickpea genotypes (both Desi and Kabuli types), grown in RBD with three replications at Pulses Section of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar during Rabi 2014-15. The data on 11 quantitative traits was analysed for ANOVA, correlation coefficient, path coefficient, regression and principle component analysis. Result: The present study has led the understanding of many inter-related traits involved in the genetic variation of chickpea seed yield. This would certainly provide guidelines for selection of parents as well as effective selection of promising chickpea genotypes, and also have paramount importance in formulating plant model for selection of segregating generations in chickpea breeding programmes for development of high yielding varieties.
Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Trigger Nostalgia? Evidence of Music Consumption on Spotify

By scraping data of almost 17 trillion plays of songs on Spotify in six European countries, this work provides evidence that the lockdown imposed in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed the music consumption in terms of nostalgia. This work constructs a binary measure of nostalgia consumption of music and employs country-specific logistic regressions in which lockdown is taken as a treatment that interacts with a quadratic trend. The lockdown altered the trend of nostalgia consumption upward, which peaked roughly 60 days after the lockdown. A placebo test shows that the upward turn of slope is not an annual pattern. On the other hand, COVID incidence rate does not provide significant additional explanatory power to the model. This work shows that Spotify's users react to the lockdown even when COVID incidence rate is low and the impact stays high even the incidence rate has peaked, suggesting that demand for nostalgia tends to respond to the drastic and lasting change caused by lockdown rather than to the fluctuations in the viral infection.