Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host range of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, its damage and the countermeasures

The host range of emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, a destructive wood borer, is limited to ash trees of the genus Fraxinus in the family Oleaceae. EAB attacked ash species in the Section Fraxinus and Section Meliodes of Subgen. Fraxinus, such as F. americana, F. pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima, F. velutina, F. nigra, and F. mandshurica. Contrary to reports in the early literature, EAB was rarely found infesting native species F. chinensis Roxb. and F. rhynchophylla Hance. EAB was also found attacking different ash species of Section Meliodes, such as two species native to North America, F. pennsylvanica and F. velutina, more heavily than those of Section Fraxinus, such as the native species F. mandshurica. Native ash trees of China may be more resistant to indigenous pests such as EAB due to the evolution of natural defenses over long time. It is likely that the severity of this pest in some regions of China resulted from the high susceptibility of introduced ash tree species from North America to EAB. EAB has been reported in Tianjin city, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Sichuan and Taiwan provinces, and Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia autonomous regions in China. Ash trees are distributed in every province and autonomous region in China with the exception of Qinghai and Hainan provinces and Tibet autonomous region. The north and northwest of China where North American ash species have been widely introduced, and the northeast of China where F. mandshurica has been planted recently are places of the potential outbreaks of this pest. EAB has been listed as a quarantine forest pest in some provinces of China, so the strict quarantine will be the first step to stop its diffusion. The outbreaks of EAB occurred on introduced North American ash trees showed that the evaluation of adaptability of these ash species in China needed further work, and the native ash species should be paid more attention in the environmental management. In the management of EAB, the mixed plantation, advanced cultivating measures, cleaning out damage trees and appropriate chemical control techniques are recommended to adopt.
Assessment of the regional and global myocardial function by myocardial MRI tagging & straining techniques

Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-0655 / Assessment of the regional and global myocardial function by myocardial MRI tagging & straining techniques" by: "A. S. Ibrahim1, W. Tantawy1, K. Abou el fotouh1, O. Abdel Wadood Khalil2, K. A. Ali Shehata1; 1Cairo/EG, 2Menia/EG"
Morphology of the knee after guided growth using tension-band devices: a retrospective multicenter study of 222 limbs and 285 implants

Background and purpose Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis by tension-band devices is commonly applied to correct angular limb deformities in children. We aimed to evaluate knee joint morphology after guided growth using these devices. Patients and methods In a retrospective multicenter study we analyzed standardized anteroposterior long-leg radiographs of 222 limbs (285 implants) of patients treated by temporary hemiepiphysiodesis with either eight-Plates or FlexTacks for coronal angular deformities of the knee joint between 2013 and 2019. Femoral floor angle (FFA), femoral notch–intercondylar distance (FNID), and tibial roof angle (TRA) were measured pre- and postoperatively to assess the central knee joint morphology. Statistical exploratory analyses were performed using linear mixed models, t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann–Whitney U test. Results 217 FlexTacks (femur 106, tibia 111) in 104 children and 68 eight-Plates (femur 61, tibia 7) in 35 children were identified. Median time period under growth guidance was 11 months (range 4–42). No statistically significant change in the FFA was detected (eight-Plate: P = 0.2; FlexTack: P = 0.3). A statistically significant difference of the FNID was found in the eight-Plate group (P = 0.02), but not in the FlexTack group (P = 0.3). While TRA increased in both groups, a statistical significance was observed only in the FlexTack group (P < 0.01). Conclusion We found minor but clinically irrelevant changes in knee morphology after the treatment.
UK NEQAS and BSHI guideline: Laboratory testing and clinical interpretation of HLA genotyping results supporting the diagnosis of coeliac disease

Coeliac disease is a common immune‐mediated inflammatory disorder caused by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. While the diagnosis of coeliac disease is based on serological and histological criteria, HLA‐DQ genotyping can be useful, especially in excluding the diagnosis in patients who do not carry the relevant DQ heterodimers: DQA1*05 DQB1*02, DQB1*03:02 or DQA1*02 DQB1*02 (commonly referred to as DQ2.5, DQ8 and DQ2.2, respectively). External quality assessment results for HLA genotyping in coeliac disease have revealed concerning errors in HLA genotyping, reporting and clinical interpretation. In response, these guidelines have been developed as an evidence‐based approach to guide laboratories undertaking HLA genotyping for coeliac disease and provide recommendations for reports to standardise and improve the communication of results.
Estructura, correlatos y predictores del estrés por aculturación. El caso de personas refugiadas colombianas en Costa Rica * Structure, correlates and predictors of acculturation stress. A case study with colombian refugees in Costa Rica

a b s t r a C t One hundred colombian refugees completed a questionnaire measuring the level of stress they have experienced during the process of adaptation to the Costa Rican society; the social networks they have built in Costa Rica; the frequency with which they have been discriminated against; and their mental health. Data show four dimensions for acculturative stress: the stress produced by the arrangements to leave Colombia; the stress derived from their status as refugees; the stress derived from their socioeconomic needs; and the stress resulting from coping with the demands of the social and cultural adaptation to the host society. Participants reported significant higher levels of stress when planning the emigration from Colombia. Perceived discrimination and years of residence in Costa Rica were the principal predictors of acculturative stress in Costa Rica, above and below of the effect of other potential predictors, as social networks and mental health.
HOW RHEOLOGY CONTRASTS CONTROL PLATE SCALE DEFORMATION: A FEM STUDY FROM THE EASTERN ALPS

The process of a continent-continent collision is generally described with an indentation geometry: A rigid indenter is assumed to deform a significantly weaker plate. The crust in front of the indenter is thickened and forms an orogen while the indenter itself remains unaffected by the large scale deformation. This scenario is well explored by analogue(e.g. Tapponier et al., 1982) and numerical models (e.g. England and Houseman, 1986) and has been successful in describing the India-Asia collision zone where most of the deformation is indeed partitioned into the Asian plate.
Oppilatio+ - A data and cognitive science based approach to analyze pedestrian flows in networks

Public transport services are a widespread and environmentally friendly option for mobility. In the majority of cases, passengers of public transport services will have to walk from a subway, train, or bus station to their desired travel destination. In an urban environment with a network of narrow streets, this can lead to crowd congestions during rush hour, due to the fact that passengers tend to arrive in waves. In order to monitor and analyze such crowding behavior, city planners, crowd managers, and organizers of public events must ascertain which routes these pedestrians will take from the respective station to their destination. The Oppilatio+ approach is suitable for solving this problem. It is an easy-to-apply approach to predict way-finding behavior with a minimal set of information. The necessary data includes the schedule of incoming transport vehicles at the stations and the time-stamped count of pedestrians at the respective destinations. Under these conditions, the Oppilatio+ approach is suitable for estimating the distribution of pedestrians on all possible walkways between stations and destinations. This information helps crowd control experts to recognize weak spots in the infrastructure and help event organizers to ensure an undisturbed arrival at their event. We validated our approach using two field experiments. The first one was a field study on a public event, and the second one was a case study for a large Swiss train station.
Relative importance of horizontal and vertical transports to the formation of ionospheric storm‐enhanced density and polar tongue of ionization

There are still uncertainties regarding the formation mechanisms for storm‐enhanced density (SED) in the high and subauroral latitude ionosphere. In this work, we deploy the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) and GPS total electron content (TEC) observations to identify the principle mechanisms for SED and the tongue of ionization (TOI) through term‐by‐term analysis of the ion continuity equation and also identify the advantages and deficiencies of the TIEGCM in capturing high‐latitude and subauroral latitude ionospheric fine structures for the two geomagnetic storm events occurring on 17 March 2013 and 2015. Our results show that in the topside ionosphere, upward E × B ion drifts are most important in SED formation and are offset by antisunward neutral winds and downward ambipolar diffusion effects. In the bottomside F region ionosphere, neutral winds play a major role in generating SEDs. SED signature in TEC is mainly caused by upward E × B ion drifts that lift the ionosphere to higher altitudes where chemical recombination is slower. Horizontal E × B ion drifts play an essential role in transporting plasma from the dayside convection throat region to the polar cap to form TOIs. Inconsistencies between model results and GPS TEC data were found: (1) GPS relative TEC difference between storm time and quiet time has “holes” in the dayside ion convection entrance region, which do not appear in the model results. (2) The model tends to overestimate electron density enhancements in the polar region. Possible causes for these inconsistencies are discussed in this article.
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA ABOUT AGRI. INFORMATION RELATED TO CROPS/AGROFORESTRY

The research paper focused on extent/effectiveness of agri. information related to crops/agroforestry by the farmers through electronic media. The future preferential areas were also identified in this context. Furthermore, the various dimensions of agri. information (accurate, relevant, feasible, and useful) were also probed out. The study was conducted in Faisalabad District (a mix cropping zone) of the Punjab province (Pakistan). The data were collected from 330 randomly selected respondents (farmers) through a reliable and validated interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The areas of agri. information major, minor, horticultural crops and agroforestry were ranked 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th respectively related to extent and effectiveness. The preferential areas showed the same ranking pattern. Moreover, regarding extent of agri. information as well as, TV was found relatively more prominent than other electronic media under study. Other notable media were radio and mobile phone. Concerted efforts are needed to harness the potential of electronic media for providing latest and pertinent information encompassing diversified spheres of agriculture.
Brain white matter microstructural changes in chemotherapy‐treated older long‐term breast cancer survivors

Abstract Purpose To assess white matter microstructural changes in older long‐term breast cancer survivors 5–15 years post‐chemotherapy treatment. Methods Breast cancer survivors aged 65 years or older who underwent chemotherapy (C+) and who did not undergo chemotherapy (C−) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled at time point 1 (TP1) and followed for 2 years for time point 2 (TP2). All participants underwent brain MRI with diffusion tensor images and neuropsychological (NP) testing with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis was performed on the diffusion tensor images to assess white matter microstructural changes with the fractional anisotropy (FA) parameter. Results There were significant longitudinal alterations in FA within the C+ group over time. The C+ group showed diminished FA in the body and genu of corpus callosum, anterior corona radiate, and external capsule on both the whole brain and region of interest (ROI) based analyses after p < 0.05 family‐wise error (FWE) correction. However, there were no significant group differences between the groups at TP1. Additionally, at TP1, a positive correlation (R = 0.58, p = 0.04) was observed between the FA value of the anterior corona radiata and the crystallized composite score in the C+ group. Conclusions Brain white matter microstructural alterations may be the underlying neural correlates of cognitive changes in older breast cancer survivors who had chemotherapy treatment years ago.
Unemployed and disabled for work: identifying 3-year labour market pathways from the beginning of a sickness absence using sequence and cluster analyses in a register-based longitudinal study in Finland

Objectives This study followed the labour market pathways of unemployed persons who started a sickness absence (SA) spell. We aimed to unravel subgroups based on altering labour market states and to identify covariates of these subgroups. Design Register-based longitudinal study, with nine labour market states and 36-month units. Setting and participants All Finnish persons aged 18–59 years with an SA in 2016 who were unemployed at the start of the SA spell (N=12 639). Outcome measures Sequence analysis was used to study transitions between nine labour market states based on monthly register data on permanent and temporary (full and partial) disability pensions (DP), rehabilitation, all-cause SA, unemployment and employment. Individuals were grouped into clusters based on cluster analysis and intersequence distances. Multinomial regression analysis was used to examine covariates of cluster memberships. Results Six clusters with the following pathway identities were found: (1) recurring unemployment (44%); (2) employment after a short SA (18%); (3) rehabilitation, recurring SA and unemployment (12%); (4) unknown sources of income (11%); (5) permanent DP after a prolonged SA (9%) and (6) temporary DP after a prolonged SA (7%). Compared with the reference cluster 2, all other clusters were associated with less employment days and having a chronic illness before the SA spell, SA based on a mental disorder and a rejected DP application during the follow-up. In addition, the clusters had some unique covariates. Conclusions Unemployed persons starting an SA are a heterogeneous group, with different labour market pathways. For many, the combination of unemployment and work disability means low chances for employment or regained work ability during the following years. Unemployed persons with poorer health, long history outside employment, older age, low educational level, a rejected DP application and a mental disorder could benefit from targeted support.
Resistance‐only and concurrent exercise induce similar myofibrillar protein synthesis rates and associated molecular responses in moderately active men before and after training

Aerobic and resistance exercise (RE) induce distinct molecular responses. One hypothesis is that these responses are antagonistic and unfavorable for the anabolic response to RE when concurrent exercise is performed. This thesis may also depend on the participants' training status and concurrent exercise order. We measured free‐living myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates and associated molecular responses to resistance‐only and concurrent exercise (with different exercise orders), before and after training. Moderately active men completed one of three exercise interventions (matched for age, baseline strength, body composition, and aerobic capacity): resistance‐only exercise (RE, n = 8), RE plus high‐intensity interval exercise (RE+HIIE, n = 8), or HIIE+RE (n = 9). Participants trained 3 days/week for 10 weeks; concurrent sessions were separated by 3 h. On the first day of Weeks 1 and 10, muscle was sampled immediately before and after, and 3 h after each exercise mode and analyzed for molecular markers of MyoPS and muscle glycogen. Additional muscle, sampled pre‐ and post‐training, was used to determine MyoPS using orally administered deuterium oxide (D2O). In both weeks, MyoPS rates were comparable between groups. Post‐exercise changes in proteins reflective of protein synthesis were also similar between groups, though MuRF1 and MAFbx mRNA exhibited some exercise order‐dependent responses. In Week 10, exercise‐induced changes in MyoPS and some genes (PGC‐1ɑ and MuRF1) were dampened from Week 1. Concurrent exercise (in either order) did not compromise the anabolic response to resistance‐only exercise, before or after training. MyoPS rates and some molecular responses to exercise are diminished after training.
Centromere-proximal suppression of meiotic crossovers in Drosophila is robust to changes in centromere number, repetitive DNA content, and centromere-clustering

Abstract Accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis depends on both the presence and the regulated placement of crossovers (COs). The centromere effect, or CO exclusion in pericentromeric regions of the chromosome, is a meiotic CO patterning phenomenon that helps prevent nondisjunction, thereby protecting against chromosomal disorders and other meiotic defects. Despite being identified nearly a century ago, the mechanisms behind this fundamental cellular process remain unknown, with most studies of the Drosophila centromere effect focusing on local influences of the centromere and pericentric heterochromatin. In this study, we sought to investigate whether dosage changes in centromere number and repetitive DNA content affect the strength of the centromere effect, using phenotypic recombination mapping. Additionally, we studied the effects of repetitive DNA function on centromere effect strength using satellite DNA–binding protein mutants displaying defective centromere-clustering in meiotic nuclei. Despite what previous studies suggest, our results show that the Drosophila centromere effect is robust to changes in centromere number, repetitive DNA content, as well as repetitive DNA function. Our study suggests that the centromere effect is unlikely to be spatially controlled, providing novel insight into the mechanisms behind the Drosophila centromere effect.
Damage and intensities in the magnitude 7.8 1929 Murchison, New Zealand, earthquake

This paper is the result of a study of the Ms= 7.8 Murchison earthquake which occurred in the South Island of New Zealand, on 16(UT) June 1929, a few years prior to the introduction of the first earthquake loadings code in New Zealand. It gives the first description of the damage to buildings in this event in modern earthquake engineering terms, and presents the first Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity map for the event determined from the original felt information. Some definitions of "well-built" pre-code buildings are proposed: these should help in dealing with safety and conservation issues raised when considering the future of such "earthquake risk" buildings. No evidence was found for MM10 intensities, although ground shaking of this strength probably occurred in the unpopulated mountainous countryside close to the fault rupture. Recommendations for improving the criteria for determining MM intensity are made in respect of (1) pre-code buildings and (2) seismically-induced landslides.
Genetic Heterogeneity Across Dimensions of Alcohol Use Behaviors

Background: Increasingly large samples in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for alcohol use behaviors (AUBs) have led to an influx of implicated genes, yet the clinical and functional understanding of these associations remains low. This is, in part, because most GWASs do not account for complex and varied manifestations of AUBs. This study applied a multidimensional framework to investigate the latent genetic structure underlying heterogeneous dimensions of AUBs. Methods: Multi-modal assessments (self-report, interview, electronic health records) were obtained from approximately 400,000 UK Biobank participants. GWAS was conducted for 18 distinct AUBs, including consumption, drinking patterns, alcohol problems, and clinical sequelae. Latent genetic factors were identified and carried forward to GWAS using genomic structural equation modeling, followed by functional annotation, genetic correlation, and enrichment analyses to interpret the genetic associations. Results: Four latent factors were identified: Problems, Consumption, BeerPref (declining alcohol consumption with a preference for drinking beer), and AtypicalPref (drinking fortified wine and spirits). The latent factors were moderately correlated (rg= .12-.57) and had distinct patterns of associations, with BeerPref in particular implicating many novel genomic regions. Patterns of regional and cell type specific gene expression in the brain also differed between the latent factors. Conclusion: Deep phenotyping and multi-modal assessment is an important next step to improve understanding of the genetic etiology of AUBs, in addition to increasing sample size. Further effort is required to uncover the genetic heterogeneity underlying AUBs using methods that account for their complex, multidimensional nature.
Emergent Gravity Completion in Quantum Field Theory, and Affine Condensation in Open and Closed Strings

The ultraviolet cutoff on a quantum field theory can be interpreted as a condensate of the affine curvature such that while the maximum of the affine action gives the power-law corrections, its minimum leads to the emergence of gravity. This mechanism applies also to fundamental strings as their spinless unstable ground levels can be represented by the scalar affine curvature such that open strings (D-branes) decay to closed strings and closed strings to finite minima with emergent gravity. Affine curvature is less sensitive to massive string levels than the tachyon, and the field-theoretic and stringy emergent gravities take the same form. It may be that affine condensation provides an additional link between the string theory and the known physics at low energies.
An Adaptive Framework of Geographical Group-Specific Network on O2O Recommendation

Online to offline recommendation strongly correlates with the user and service's spatiotemporal information, therefore calling for a higher degree of model personalization. The traditional methodology is based on a uniform model structure trained by collected centralized data, which is unlikely to capture all user patterns over different geographical areas or time periods. To tackle this challenge, we propose a geographical group-specific modeling method called GeoGrouse, which simultaneously studies the common knowledge as well as group-specific knowledge of user preferences. An automatic grouping paradigm is employed and verified based on users' geographical grouping indicators. Offline and online experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our approach, and substantial business improvement is achieved.