Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of gaseous and particulate species to droplet solute composition at the Puy de Dôme, France

Abstract. Chemical reactions of dissolved gases in the liquid phase play a key role in atmospheric processes both in the formation of secondary atmospheric compounds and their wet removal rate but also in the regulation of the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere. The behavior of gaseous species and their chemical transformation in clouds are difficult to observe experimentally given the complex nature of clouds. During a winter field campaign at the summit of the Puy de Dome (central France, 1465 m a.s.l), we have deployed an experimental set-up to provide a quantification of phase partitioning of both organic (CH3COOH, HCOOH, H2C2O4) and inorganic (NH3, HNO3, SO2, HCl) species in clouds. We found that nitric and hydrochloric acids can be considered close to Henry's law equilibrium, within analytical uncertainty and instrumental errors. On another hand, for NH3 and carboxylic acids, dissolution of material from the gas phase is kinetically limited and never reaches the equilibrium predicted by thermodynamics, resulting in significant sub-saturation of the liquid phase. On the contrary, SIV is supersaturated in the liquid phase, in addition to the presence of significant aerosol-derived SVI transferred through nucleation scavenging. Upon droplet evaporation, a significant part of most species, including SIV, tends to efficiently return back into the gas phase. Overall, gas contribution to the droplet solute concentration ranges from at least 48.5 to 98% depending on the chemical species. This is particularly important considering that aerosol scavenging efficiencies are often calculated assuming a negligible gas-phase contribution to the solute concentration. Our study emphasizes the need to account for the in-cloud interaction between particles and gases to provide an adequate modeling of multiphase chemistry systems and its impact on the atmospheric aerosol and gas phases.
Breaking the ice : developing a model of expeditioner and partner adaptation to Antarctic employment

Existing research on the psychological issues that affect returning Antarctic expeditioners testifies to the coexistence of both positive and negative outcomes derived from their experience ‘on the ice’. However the predominant focus of such research has been limited to adjustment outcomes rather than the processes that underlie adaptation - processes which are likely to include individual coping mechanisms, organisational demands, and family functioning patterns. Identification of the salient predictors of resilience and adaptation enables intervention strategies to focus on enhancing this capacity throughout the employment experience. Adopting a salutogenic perspective, the present study investigated the experience of Antarctic employment for single expeditioners, partnered expeditioners, and partners from pre-departure through to reintegration in an effort to identify factors which facilitate positive and negative adaptation. This was achieved through: 1) Identifying factors that promote psychological resilience and adaptation in Antarctic expeditioners and describing their relationship to positive and negative change arising from the expedition experience; 2) Identifying factors that promote psychological resilience and adaptation in Antarctic expeditioners partners and describing their relationship to positive and negative change arising from the separation experience; and 3) Describing the quality and nature of the reintegration experience by comparing the processes and outcomes of each of the above, and their implications for the process of reintegration over a 12 month period. An additional aim of the present research was to investigate the impact of a shift from ship to air-based personnel movement in Australian Antarctic populations.
THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION INTERVAL AND SOIL TYPE ON PASTURE AND LUCERNE PRODUCTION

The responses of pasture and lucerne to irrigation were compared in 2 series of trials (1976-1981 and 1980-1984) on 8 different Canterbury soils. Pasture responses were also measured on a further 4 soils. With unrestricted irrigation, pasture yields were similar (about 11 t DM/ha/yr) on 8 of the 12 soils. These soils ranged from stone free Wakanui clay loams to a very stony Balmoral silt loam. Two soils yielded at a higher level, and two very stony soils significantly less. Non-irrigated lucerne yielded more than pasture in “average” Canterbury seasons, but less in two exceptionally dry years. With irrigation, lucerne yielded more than pasture for the first 2 or 3 years but tended to decline thereafter. The paper discusses irrigation strategies for border strip irrigated pastoral farms in times of water restrictions. It concludes that maximum DM production is likely to be obtained by spreading the available water over all irrigated pasture untii the irrigation interval reaches 23 to 28 days on shallow stony soils and 34 to 38 days on higher water holding capacity soils.
Postpartum Hemorrhage : Blood Loss , Risk Factors , and Third Stage Management

Objective: Atonic postpartum hemorrhage rates have increased in many industrialized countries in recent years. We examined the blood loss, risk factors, and management of the third stage of labour associated with atonic postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: We carried out a case-control study of patients in eight tertiary care hospitals in Canada between January 2011 and December 2013. Cases were defined as women with a diagnosis of atonic postpartum hemorrhage, and controls (without postpartum hemorrhage) were matched with cases by hospital and date of delivery. Estimated blood loss, risk factors, and management of the third stage labour were compared between cases and controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding. Results: The study included 383 cases and 383 controls. Cases had significantly higher mean estimated blood loss than controls. However, 16.7% of cases who delivered vaginally and 34.1% of cases who delivered by Caesarean section (CS) had a blood loss of < 500 mL and < 1000 mL, respectively; 8.2% of controls who delivered vaginally and 6.7% of controls who delivered by CS had blood loss consistent with a diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage. Factors associated with atonic postpartum hemorrhage included known protective factors (e.g., delivery by CS) and risk factors (e.g., nulliparity, vaginal birth after CS). Uterotonic use was more common
The Wildland- Urban Interface Fire Problem

The fire destruction of hundreds of homes associated with wildfires has occurred in the United States for more than a century. From 1870 to 1920, massive wildfires occurred principally in the Lake States but also elsewhere. Wildfires such as Peshtigo (Wisconsin, 1871), Michigan (1881), Hinckley (Minnesota, 1894), Adirondack (New York, 1903), the Big Blowup (Idaho-Montana, 1910), and Cloquet (Minnesota, 1918) extended across millions of acres, destroying towns and causing several thousand civilian fatalities (Pyne 1982). This period produced significantly greater destruction of property and lives than has occurred in the past 50 years.
Downsizing and Heterogeneous Firing Costs

This paper suggests that in order to optimally reorganize its workforce a firm sorts all incumbent workers according to each worker’s expected future value. Once the size of the reorganization has been determined, the lowest value workers will be dismissed. A structural labor demand model with menu costs derived from heterogeneous irreversible firing costs is presented to determine a worker’s idiosyncratic value to the firm. An econometric analysis using personnel records from a European aircraft building firm shows that a reorganizational design that accounts for heterogeneity reduces the total downsizing costs by more than 25 percent in comparison with a policy based only on fixed costs.
PROBLEMY EKOROZWOJU – PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article considers the impact of transformation processes on business in the context of digitalization. Equally important is the study of the impact of these processes on the training of professionals whose work has had a direct impact on these transformations – accountants, business analysts and auditors. These specialists are faced with the task of analyzing the impact of the facts and determining the change in business development strategy in the context of global digitalization. The field of audit both in the world was able to adapt extremely flexibly to the new realities of functioning in the digitalized world. In this article, the authors reveal the main trends of digitalization of audit in the conditions of economic transformation and limited business practices caused by this global pandemic of 2019-2020. At the same time, the processes of digital transformation are the driving forces of the Nazarova et al./Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems of Sustainable Development 2/2022, 80-90 81 economy. Computer technology is becoming increasingly involved in reforming the audit institution and changing the trajectory of the auditor's role in such a society.
Recent developments in the management of dry age-related macular degeneration

: Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), also called geographic atrophy, is characterized by the atrophy of outer retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Dry AMD accounts for 80% of all intermediate and advanced forms of the disease. Although vision loss is mainly due to the neovascular form (75%), dry AMD remains a challenge for ophthalmologists because of the lack of effective therapies. Actual management consists of lifestyle modification, vitamin supplements, and supportive measures in the advanced stages. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study demonstrated a statistically significant protective effect of dietary supplementation of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc, and copper) on dry AMD progression rate. It was also stated that the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, has protective effects. Other antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals (such as crocetin, curcumin, and vitamins B9, B12, and B6) are under evaluation, but the results are still uncertain. New strategies aim to 1) reduce or block drusen formation, 2) reduce or eliminate inflammation, 3) lower the accumulation of toxic by-products from the visual cycle, 4) reduce or eliminate retinal oxidative stress, 5) improve choroidal perfusion, 6) replace/repair or regenerate lost RPE cells and photoreceptors with stem cell therapy, and 7) develop a target gene therapy.
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) EfficientNet-B0 Model Architecture for Paddy Diseases Classification

Rice stands as a pivotal food commodity in Indonesia, contributing significantly to food security while witnessing a consistent rise in demand. The susceptibility of rice leaves to diseases threatens this critical role, underscoring the imperative for early and accurately automated disease identification. In this study, we employ Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) as a deep learning methodology to classify various types of rice leaf diseases. The approach comprises distinct stages, encompassing preprocessing, modeling, and evaluation. The primary objective of this research is to achieve the classification of rice leaf diseases with both acceptable accuracy and runtime efficiency. The experimental outcomes highlight an impressive peak accuracy of 98.93% when employing data augmentation, layer normalization, and the RMSProp optimization function with a learning rate of 0.001. These results underscore the significance of diligent data preparation and model optimization in the rice leaf disease classification process.
On the Use of Autonomous Sailboats as Learning Tools in Computer Science and Engineering Undergraduate Courses

We introduce a study about the possibility of using currently developed sailboat robots as tools for motivating learning skills by undergraduate students, including programming abilities, among other disciplines. By way of a survey done with several (former) undergraduate students that worked on autonomous sailboat projects in two different institutions, we demonstrate that it can be an interesting learning resource. These students used it both as a final course project or even only as project participants. Ultimately, we figured out that the platforms can be used as supporting artifacts for Problem-Based Learning in several disciplines. Their use could be restricted due to the space necessary. However, smaller versions have been pointed out as a solution. Another positive point is the motivation that it gives to the students.
Wheat Genotypes Response to Terminal Drought at Presence of a Humic Fertilizer Using Stress Tolerance Indices

Tolerance of six bread wheat genotypes to terminal drought was assessed at presence of a humic fertilizer (HF) with commercial name of EDGUM®SM. SSI, TOL, MP, STI, and GMP were calculated. Different correlations were observed between indices when HF was applied compared to without HF condition. Genotype 4057 had the highest grain yield in the both stressed and non-stressed environment irrespective of whether HF was applied or not. This was selected as a tolerant genotype to terminal drought of Ardabil region. Gascogen was placed after 4057 as a tolerant genotype when HF was applied.
Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Systemic Inflammatory Markers, Glycemic Status and Levels of Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients With Chronic Periodontitis

Aims and objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on systemic inflammatory markers, glycemic status, and levels of proteinuria in Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals with chronic periodontitis. Methodology: A total of 120 patients, categorized into three groups of 40 each, were included in this randomized observational study. Group 1 comprised patients with chronic periodontitis; Group 2 had chronic periodontitis with controlled diabetes; and Group 3 represented patients with chronic periodontitis with uncontrolled diabetes based on fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Periodontal clinical parameters like plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels were evaluated. Blood samples and urine samples were collected and assessed for the levels of FBS, HbA1c, total protein, albumin, globulin, and proteinuria. All parameters recorded at baseline and three months after non-surgical periodontal therapy were analyzed for statistical significance at p <. 05 using SPSS Inc. Released 2007. SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc. Results: A significant reduction in the periodontal clinical parameters within the groups, except for the clinical attachment level in Group 1 patients (p = 0.05), was observed. Glycemic status revealed a significant reduction after non-surgical periodontal therapy (p < 0.001), and on intragroup comparison, the total protein, albumin, globulin, and microprotein blood and urine levels showed significance among the evaluated groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Non-surgical periodontal treatment can effectively improve the periodontal and circulating inflammatory status. Results of our study showed improved glycemic control and a reduction in systemic inflammatory markers and proteinuria after performing non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
IENET: Implicit and Explicit Graph Network for Point Cloud Analysis

Since 3D point clouds have complex geometric information and it is difficult to extract truly meaningful local features, point cloud analysis has been a hot research topic in recent years. In this paper, we propose an implicit and explicit graph network (IENet). Specifically, IENet differs from other methods in that it can not only extract implicit features of point neighborhoods using adaptive convolution, but also obtain explicit features of neighborhoods based on the relative position information between points. Thus IENet combines the advantages of adaptive kernel and attention to better extract the local information of point clouds. We have carried out experiments of the proposed model on the point cloud classification dataset ModelNet and the point cloud part segmen-tation dataset ShapeNet Part, and the results both demonstrate the advancedness of the method.
Color-Based Thresholding for Early and Reliable Detection of Stem Bleeding in Coconut Trees

Countries like India, Philippines, and Brazil rely heavily on coconut trees for food and revenue. However, stem bleeding, which is a disease caused by a fungal pathogen Thielaviopsis paradoxa (TP), poses a significant threat to coconut production. This invasive species, if left unchecked, can spread to young trees nearby, causing widespread infection that can decimate the yield of coconuts. As such, early detection and cost-effective surveillance have become critical factors in the management of this disease. Through our research, we examine the effectiveness of conventional image processing methods in detecting areas infected with stem bleeding. We also propose a color-based thresholding technique, which we found to be highly reliable provided that optimal lighting conditions are maintained. Our method achieves a pixel accuracy of 80.36%, which is 8.5% higher than Adaptive Thresholding, 14.57% higher than Otsu Thresholding, and 12.48% higher than K-Means Clustering.
The largest expected earthquake magnitudes in Central Asia: statistical inference from an earthquake catalogue with uncertain magnitudes

Abstract The knowledge of the largest expected earthquake magnitude in a region is one of the key issues in probabilistic seismic hazard calculations and the estimation of worst-case scenarios. Earthquake catalogues are the most informative source of information for the inference of earthquake magnitudes. We analysed the earthquake catalogue for Central Asia with respect to the largest expected magnitudes mT in a pre-defined time horizon Tf using a recently developed statistical methodology, extended by the explicit probabilistic consideration of magnitude errors. For this aim, we assumed broad error distributions for historical events, whereas the magnitudes of recently recorded instrumental earthquakes had smaller errors. The results indicate high probabilities for the occurrence of large events (M≥8), even in short time intervals of a few decades. The expected magnitudes relative to the assumed maximum possible magnitude are generally higher for intermediate-depth earthquakes (51–300 km) than for shallow events (0–50 km). For long future time horizons, for example, a few hundred years, earthquakes with M≥8.5 have to be taken into account, although, apart from the 1889 Chilik earthquake, it is probable that no such event occurred during the observation period of the catalogue.
Lift-off: Trustworthy ARMv8 semantics from formal specifications

Disassembly and lifting tools are essential in the verification of software binaries. However, existing tools are difficult to validate and hence not suitable when high levels of assurance are needed. We address this by deriving a trustworthy lifter for ARMv8, named ASLp, based on ARM’s official machine-readable architecture files. ASLp is capable of extracting usable semantics for a large subset of ARMv8, covering almost all integer, control flow, memory and vector instructions. We demonstrate the utility of ASLp by integrating it with the CMU Binary Analysis Platform. Furthermore, we translate the lifter’s output into LLVM IR and compare the resulting semantics with those from existing lifters Remill and RetDec, leveraging the trustworthiness afforded by our lifter to find a number of major and minor bugs in their outputs.
Evaporation paradox in China

It is now well established that the surface of Earth has,on average,warmed over the past 50 years.One expected consequence of this warming is that the air near the surface should be drier,which should result in an increase in the rate of evaporation from terrestrial open water bodies.However,lots of observations show that the rate of evaporation from open pans of water has been steadily decreasing all over the world over the past 50 years,and it is similar for the reference evapotranspiration.The contract between expectation and observation is called the evaporation paradox.Based on the data of 353 weather stations from 1956 to 2005,the trends in pan evaporation,air temperature and precipitation are obtained,and then the evaporation paradox and the relation between precipitation and evaporation are analyzed. The conclusions include:(1) in the past 50 years,the air temperature increased and the pan evaporation decreased,therefore the evaporation paradox actually exist in China;(2) the paradox is not consistent in space or time,for example,the pan evaporation in northeast and after 1980s increased with the increasing of air temperature;and(3) in the past 50 years,the precipitation and the pan evaporation exhibit contrary trend in most areas.
RETSINA: Reproducibility and Experimentation Testbed for Signal-Strength Indoor Near Analysis

Reproducibility is a core component of any scientific discovery. A step towards reproducibility within the IPIN community is the contribution of this paper, our software-based testbed, called RETSINA (Reproducibility and Experimentation Testbed for Signal-strength Indoor Near Analysis). RETSINA enables the repeatability, reproducibility and comparison of approaches that use machine learning to detect proximity. We demonstrate RETSINA’s functionality by repeating and extending the findings of a recent case study on Wi-Fi signal strength based contact tracing accuracy. Furthermore, we leverage RETSINA to experimentally compare the results for detecting close encounters produced by the original Wi-Fi signal strength readings study and our study using Bluetooth signal strength readings.
Neural Network-based Real-Time Recognition of American Sign Language Finger-Spelled Gestures: Bridging Communication Gaps

In this work, an innovative solution addresses the limitations of sign language communication, arising from a lack of familiarity and interpreter availability, by leveraging advanced neural networks for real-time recognition of finger-spelled gestures in American Sign Language. This approach bridges the communication gap by providing a means to decode sign language gestures, regardless of the user's familiarity with sign language, through a two-step process involving gesture refinement and classification. The ultimate objective is to create a model capable of seamlessly translating live video feeds of American Sign Language hand gestures into on-screen text representations of specific signs. Notably, our meticulously trained CNN classifierachieves an impressive 95.7% accuracy in recognizing 27 symbols, including the 26 English alphabets and a ‘blank’ symbol usedfor sentence spacing.