Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of EEG signals for brain-computer interface applications: Performance comparison

This paper presents a comparison of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals classification for Brain Computer-Interfaces (BCI). At present, it is a challenging task to extract the meaningful EEG signal patterns from a large volume of poor quality data and simultaneously with the presence of artifacts noises. Selection of the effective classification technique of the EEG signals at classification stage is very important to get the robust BCI system. Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), Multi-Layer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) and Logistic Regression (LR) were evaluated in this paper. A BCI competition IV — Dataset 1 is used for testing the classifiers. It is shown that LR and SVM are the most efficient classifier with the highest accuracy of 73.03% and 68.97%.
Effects of EDTA gel and chlorhexidine gel on root dentin permeability

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 24% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel and 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) in dentin permeability and smear layer removal from root canals instrumented with NiTi rotary system using histochemical staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Overall, 43 premolars were classified into two experimental groups, EDTA (n = 20) and CHX (n = 20), and a negative control (NC) (n = 3). All specimens were instrumented and the irrigant solutions were used after each file change. The EDTA group received a final rinse with 5‐ml 1% NaOCl followed by a 5‐ml 0.9% saline solution; the CHX group received a final rinse with 10‐ml 0.9% saline solution; and the negative control group received a final rinse with only 0.9% saline solution. Fifteen teeth from each group were prepared for histochemical staining and evaluation of dentin permeability using the image‐scanning software Axion Vision (v.4.8.2). Five remaining teeth were prepared for analysis using SEM for morphological analysis. The study found that 24% EDTA gel increased the permeability of dentin in all thirds evaluated and also demonstrated an increased cleaning ability, with dentinal walls free of smear layer and open dentinal tubules, as compared to 2% CHX gel. It was concluded that EDTA was efficient in cleaning the dentinal tubules and increased dentin permeability.
POLA SPASIAL PERSEBARAN PASAR MODERN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENATAAN RUANG KAWASAN STRATEGIS EKONOMI KOTA JAMBI

Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kota Jambi tahun 2013-2033 yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Daerah Kota Jambi No. 09 Tahun 2013 menetapkan rencana pengembangan kawasan strategis pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Jambi guna mendukung fungsi Kota Jambi sebagai pusat bisnis. Pasar modern merupakan salah satu fasilitas pelayanan yang berperan dalam menyumbang pertumbuhan ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pola distribusi spasial pasar modern, mengidentifikasi interaksi ruang wilayah dalam perencanaan fasilitas pelayanan pasar modern, dan menganalisis implikasi penataan ruang kawasan strategis ekonomi. Penelitian dengan metode kuantitatif ini memanfaatkan data primer dan sekunder. Pola sebaran pasar modern di kawasan strategis adalah acak yang dihasilkan dengan analisis tetangga terdekat. Persebaran pasar modern memiliki asosiasi dengan berbagai fasilitas umum lain. Namun, pemusatan pembangunan mendominasi di kawasan strategis ekonomi. Pola sebaran pasar modern yang acak dan banyaknya berbagai fasilitas umum berimplikasi pada tingginya tekanan kegiatan di kawasan sehingga perlu adanya penguraian dengan membangun pusat pertumbuhan baru dibagian lain sehingga tercipta pemerataan pembangunan.
High Throughput T Epitope Mapping and Vaccine Development

Mapping of antigenic peptide sequences from proteins of relevant pathogens recognized by T helper (Th) and by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) is crucial for vaccine development. In fact, mapping of T-cell epitopes provides useful information for the design of peptide-based vaccines and of peptide libraries to monitor specific cellular immunity in protected individuals, patients and vaccinees. Nevertheless, epitope mapping is a challenging task. In fact, large panels of overlapping peptides need to be tested with lymphocytes to identify the sequences that induce a T-cell response. Since numerous peptide panels from antigenic proteins are to be screened, lymphocytes available from human subjects are a limiting factor. To overcome this limitation, high throughput (HTP) approaches based on miniaturization and automation of T-cell assays are needed. Here we consider the most recent applications of the HTP approach to T epitope mapping. The alternative or complementary use of in silico prediction and experimental epitope definition is discussed in the context of the recent literature. The currently used methods are described with special reference to the possibility of applying the HTP concept to make epitope mapping an easier procedure in terms of time, workload, reagents, cells and overall cost.
Interactions between intraseasonal and diurnal variability of precipitation in the South Central Pacific: The case of a small high island, Tahiti, French Polynesia

Intraseasonal and diurnal variability of precipitation over Tahiti, French Polynesia, are investigated with the use of wind regimes as intermediary tools. Four wind regimes have been determined over a large domain around Tahiti in the wet season. It has been shown that some phases of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) trigger some regimes and undermine some others. The diurnal cycle of precipitation in Tahiti is composed of two rainfall maxima. A frequent maximum at midnight but with a low value. An afternoon maximum, less frequent but with a higher value. We have noticed that the afternoon rainfall maximum, which is a reasonable consequence of the sea breeze circulation, is smoothen on the windward side when vigorous wind regimes obstruct the development of the sea breeze. We have also found that daily mean precipitation is significantly increased during MJO Phases 7 and 8, and reduced during Phases 2 and 3. Phase 8 is the wettest phase on Tahiti, suggesting the convective envelope is overlooking the island. Lastly, we have provided evidence that the diurnal cycle of rainfall is significantly affected by the MJO. Indeed, both the midnight and afternoon maxima increase during MJO Phase 7. The most quiescent wind regimes are triggered during Phase 7, as a result from the propagation of the westerly wind anomaly, which allow the development of the sea breeze circulation and the increase of the afternoon peak. For MJO Phase 8, however, the above relationships break down, as the diurnal cycle is not enhanced by the predominant quiescent wind regimes. We assume that the MJO convective envelope covers the island and stays several days, preventing the solar heating of the surface, hence the development of the land/sea breeze circulation, and foremost leads to higher amounts of rainfall as the Phase 8 is the wettest phase on Tahiti.
PLP/DM20 Expression and turnover in a transgenic mouse model of pelizaeus‐merzbacher disease

The most common cause of Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher (PMD) is due to duplication of the PLP1 gene but it is unclear how increased gene dosage affects PLP turnover and causes dysmyelination. We have studied the dynamics of PLP/DM20 in a transgenic mouse model of PMD with increased gene dosage of the proteolipid protein gene (Plp1). The turnover of PLP/DM20 were investigated using an ex‐vivo brain slice system and cultured oligodendrocytes. Homozygous mice have reduced PLP translation, markedly enhanced PLP degradation, and markedly reduced incorporation of PLP into myelin. Proteasome inhibition (MG132) prevented the enhanced degradation. Numerous autophagic vesicles are present in homozygous transgenic mice that may influence protein dynamics. Surprisingly, promoting autophagy with rapamycin decreases the degradation of nascent PLP suggesting autophagic vacuoles serve as a cellular storage compartment. We suggest that there are multiple subcellular fates of PLP/DM20 when overexpressed: the vast majority being degraded by the proteasome, a proportion sequestered into autophagic vacuoles, probably fused with endolysosomes, and only a small proportion entering the myelin sheath, where its association with lipid rafts is perturbed. Transgenic oligodendrocytes have fewer membrane sheets and this phenotype is improved with siRNA‐mediated knockdown of PLP expression that promotes the formation of MBP+ myelin‐like sheets. This finding suggests that RNAi technology is in principle applicable to improve CNS myelination when compromised by PLP/DM20 overexpression. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization and Membrane Topology of Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 4: Involvement of the Early Secretory Pathway in Replication

ABSTRACT The coronavirus nonstructural proteins (nsp's) derived from the replicase polyproteins collectively constitute the viral replication complexes, which are anchored to double-membrane vesicles. Little is known about the biogenesis of these complexes, the membrane anchoring of which is probably mediated by nsp3, nsp4, and nsp6, as they contain several putative transmembrane domains. As a first step to getting more insight into the formation of the coronavirus replication complex, the membrane topology, processing, and subcellular localization of nsp4 of the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were elucidated in this study. Both nsp4 proteins became N glycosylated, while their amino and carboxy termini were localized to the cytoplasm. These observations imply nsp4 to assemble in the membrane as a tetraspanning transmembrane protein with a Nendo/Cendo topology. The amino terminus of SARS-CoV nsp4, but not that of MHV nsp4, was shown to be (partially) processed by signal peptidase. nsp4 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when expressed alone but was recruited to the replication complexes in infected cells. nsp4 present in these complexes did not colocalize with markers of the ER or Golgi apparatus, while the susceptibility of its sugars to endoglycosidase H indicated that the protein had also not traveled trough the latter compartment. The important role of the early secretory pathway in formation of the replication complexes was also demonstrated by the inhibition of coronaviral replication when the ER export machinery was blocked by use of the kinase inhibitor H89 or by expression of a mutant, Sar1[H79G].
Role of the PAS1 gene of Pichia pastoris in peroxisome biogenesis

Several groups have reported the cloning and sequencing of genes involved in the biogenesis of yeast peroxisomes. Yeast strains bearing mutations in these genes are unable to grow on carbon sources whose metabolism requires peroxisomes, and these strains lack morphologically normal peroxisomes. We report the cloning of Pichia pastoris PAS1, the homologue (based on a high level of protein sequence similarity) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PAS1. We also describe the creation and characterization of P. pastoris pas1 strains. Electron microscopy on the P. pastoris pas1 cells revealed that they lack morphologically normal peroxisomes, and instead contain membrane-bound structures that appear to be small, mutant peroxisomes, or "peroxisome ghosts. " These "ghosts" proliferated in response to induction on peroxisome-requiring carbon sources (oleic acid and methanol), and they were distributed to daughter cells. Biochemical analysis of cell lysates revealed that peroxisomal proteins are induced normally in pas1 cells. Peroxisome ghosts from pas1 cells were purified on sucrose gradients, and biochemical analysis showed that these ghosts, while lacking several peroxisomal proteins, did import varying amounts of several other peroxisomal proteins. The existence of detectable peroxisome ghosts in P. pastoris pas1 cells, and their ability to import some proteins, stands in contrast with the results reported by Erdmann et al. (1991) for the S. cerevisiae pas1 mutant, in which they were unable to detect peroxisome-like structures. We discuss the role of PAS1 in peroxisome biogenesis in light of the new information regarding peroxisome ghosts in pas1 cells.
Avaliação experimental do fluxo de nêutrons de um irradiador com fontes de AmBe e sua possibilidade de uso em análise de materiais

Ruy Ba r ros de Lima This work had as a target to determine the irradiator thermal and overcadmium (epithermal and fast) neutrons flux , of the Nuclear Experimental Laboratory of the Nuclear Energy Center (CNEN) IPEN, and the possibility of its use for Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) by the absolute method. The neutrons flux quantification was performed indirectly by the gold naked and cadmium-covered foils activation technique. The neutrons flux was determined for two situations: (a) with polyethylene block 5.0 cm tiiick and (b) without the polyethylene block. The quantification of the elements present in the irradiated samples was obtained after the experimental determination of the incident neutrons flux in the irradiation position of the sample. Flux values along the iiTadiator axis were determined. Some materials were analyzed, presenting good agreement with reference values.
High Connectivity of the Crocodile Shark between the Atlantic and Southwest Indian Oceans: Highlights for Conservation

Among the various shark species that are captured as bycatch in commercial fishing operations, the group of pelagic sharks is still one of the least studied and known. Within those, the crocodile shark, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai, a small-sized lamnid shark, is occasionally caught by longline vessels in certain regions of the tropical oceans worldwide. However, the population dynamics of this species, as well as the impact of fishing mortality on its stocks, are still unknown, with the crocodile shark currently one of the least studied of all pelagic sharks. Given this, the present study aimed to assess the population structure of P. kamoharai in several regions of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans using genetic molecular markers. The nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial DNA control region of 255 individuals was analyzed, and 31 haplotypes were found, with an estimated diversity Hd = 0.627, and a nucleotide diversity π = 0.00167. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a fixation index Φ ST = -0.01118, representing an absence of population structure among the sampled regions of the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. These results show a high degree of gene flow between the studied areas, with a single genetic stock and reduced population variability. In panmictic populations, conservation efforts can be concentrated in more restricted areas, being these representative of the total biodiversity of the species. When necessary, this strategy could be applied to the genetic maintenance of P. kamoharai.
Variations in lethal and sublethal effects of cypermethrin among aquatic stages and species of anuran amphibians

Despite the use of model species to predict the effects of chemicals in the environment, unpredicted variation in levels of risk to organisms from xenobiotics can be observed. Physiological and morphological differences between species and life stages may lead to differences in sensitivity, while seasonal and spatial variation in pesticide concentrations may affect the level of risk faced by organisms in the environment. Because anurans breed in aquatic habitats subject to contamination by runoff and spraying, they are particularly vulnerable to pesticides. In the present study, embryos, newly hatched larvae, and larvae with limb buds of 3 anuran amphibian species—Pseudacris regilla, Rana cascadae, and Rana aurora—were exposed for 48 h to either 0.5 µg/L or 5.0 µg/L cypermethrin under laboratory conditions. The authors monitored hatching success, larval survival, and measured growth. Additionally, they assayed avoidance behavior 2 wk after exposure or 2 wk after hatching for individuals exposed as embryos. Hatching and survival were not affected in animals of any species exposed as embryos. After exposure as embryos and as newly hatched larvae, however, P. regilla displayed behavioral abnormalities in response to prodding. Cypermethrin increased mortality in P. regilla exposed in both larval stages. Cypermethrin also increased mortality in larval R. cascadae when exposed at the early stage. These results indicate variation in sensitivity to environmentally relevant concentrations of cypermethrin among anuran species and life stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2855–2860. © 2013 SETAC
Transportability of Causal Effects: Completeness Results

The study of transportability aims to identify conditions under which causal information learned from experiments can be reused in a different environment where only passive observations can be collected. The theory introduced in [Pearl and Bareinboim, 2011] (henceforth [PB, 2011]) defines formal conditions for such transfer but falls short of providing an effective procedure for deciding, given assumptions about differences between the source and target domains, whether transportability is feasible. This paper provides such procedure. It establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for deciding when causal effects in the target domain are estimable from both the statistical information available and the causal information transferred from the experiments. The paper further provides a complete algorithm for computing the transport formula, that is, a way of fusing experimental and observational information to synthesize an estimate of the desired causal relation.
Marching‐jury backward beam equation and quasi‐reversibility methods for hydrologic inversion: Application to contaminant plume spatial distribution recovery

In this paper, a comparison between the marching‐jury backward beam equation (MJBBE) and the quasi‐reversibility (QR) methods to perform hydrologic inversion and, more specifically, to reconstruct conservative contaminant plume spatial distributions is presented. The MJBBE, developed by Atmadja and Bagtzoglou [2000, 2001a], was used to recover contaminant spatial distributions in heterogeneous porous media, while the QR method, first applied to groundwater contamination problems by Skaggs and Kabala [1995], was modified to incorporate heterogeneity and explicitly handle the advective term of the transport equation. Spatially uncorrelated and correlated, stationary and nonstationary, heterogeneous dispersion coefficient fields were generated using the Bayesian nearest neighbor method (BNNM). Homogeneous and deterministically heterogeneous cases are also presented for comparison. In addition, contaminant plume initial data with uncertainty were also analyzed using the MJBBE and QR methods. The MJBBE is found to be robust enough to handle highly heterogeneous parameters and is able to preserve the salient features of the initial input data. On the other hand, the QR method is superior in handling cases with homogeneous parameters and with initial data that are plagued by uncertainty but it performs very poorly in cases with heterogeneous media.
An efficient multicast protocol using de Bruijn structure for mobile computing

In this paper, we design a protocol to efficiently deliver multicast messages to mobile computers. The main concern in the design of such a protocol is to ensure that each message is delivered exactly once to each mobile host in a multicast group. However, the requirements of avoiding multiple delivery of a message, and of a host not missing a message are not easy to efficiently satisfy in a mobile environment. To satisfy these requirements, an earlier work had to actually broadcast a multicast message. The novelty of our approach is that we satisfy the multicast requirements without broadcasting a message, which is central to the efficiency of our protocol. We structure the mobile support stations (MSS) as a de Bruijn network, and define a multicast tree on the network. A multicast message is routed on a multicast tree on a de Bruijn network. Assuming that there are N MSS's in a network, a multicast group of mobile hosts belong to the cells of N MSS's, &tau; is the maximum of the time to route a message between two adjacent MSS's, &Lambda; is the sum of the mobility rates of all mobiles in a multicast group, &lambda;max is the maximum among the mobility rates, and &phi; is the cell cross-over time of a mobile, our protocol runs with a message complexity of O(min(N log N, N) + &Lambda; log N) and a communication delay of O(&tau; log N + &lambda;max&phi;). Thus, our protocol is very efficient when a message is multicast to a small number of mobile hosts. To show the practicability of structuring a set of MSS's as a de Bruijn network, we have demonstrated how a de Bruijn network can be emulated as a collection of virtual paths on an arbitrarily connected ATM network.
Impact of intensive nutritional education with carbohydrate counting on diabetes control in type 2 diabetic patients

This pilot study assessed the impact of an intensive carbohydrate counting educational intervention on diabetes control in type 2 diabetic patients. An experimental, prospective study design was used to assess the effect of nutritional education on diabetes control. The impact and efficacy of the education were measured over a 1-year period through changes in diabetes clinical markers, including hemoglobin A1c, lipid profiles, glucose levels, patients’ energy levels, and sense of well-being. Six patients were initially enrolled in the pilot study, with only three patients completing the intervention phase and the 3-month follow-up. Two patients were followed-up at the 1-year mark for their diabetes, although neither continued participation in the study beyond the 3-month mark. Marginal improvements in clinical markers at 3 months were found. However, due to the small sample size, changes in the clinical profiles may have occurred because of variables unrelated to the nutritional intervention. Further research is indicated for the control of these variables.
Efficient energy stable schemes with spectral discretization in space for anisotropic

We develop in this paper efficient and robust numerical methods for solv- ing anisotropic Cahn-Hilliard systems. We construct energy stable schemes for the time discretization of the highly nonlinear anisotropic Cahn-Hilliard systems by using a stabilization technique. At each time step, these schemes lead to a sequence of lin- ear coupled elliptic equations with constant coefficients that can be efficiently solved by using a spectral-Galerkin method. We present numerical results that are consis- tent with earlier work on this topic, and also carry out various simulations, such as the linear bi-Laplacian regularization and the nonlinear Willmore regularization, to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the new schemes.