Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earthquake Early Warning Technology Progress in Taiwan

The dense real-time earthquake monitoring network established in Taiwan is a strong base for the development of the earthquake early warning (EEW) system. In remarkable progress over the last decades, realtime earthquake warning messages are sent within 20 sec after an event using the regional EEW system with a virtual subnetwork approach. An onsite EEW approach using the first 3 sec of P waves has been developed and under online experimentation. Integrating regional and onsite systems may enable EEW messages to be issued within 10 sec after an event occurred in the near future. This study mainly discusses the methodology for determining the magnitude and ground motion of an event.
Activation time of myocardial oxidative phosphorylation in creatine kinase and adenylate kinase knockout mice.

Our goal was to determine whether mice genetically altered to lack either creatine kinase (M/MtCK(-/-)) or adenylate kinase (AK(-/-)) show altered properties in the dynamic regulation of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO(2)). We measured contractile function, oxygen consumption, and the mean response time of oxygen consumption to a step increase in heart rate [i.e., mitochondrial response time (t(mito))] in isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts from wild-type (n = 6), M/MtCK(-/-) (n = 6), and AK(-/-) (n = 4) mice. Left ventricular developed pressure was higher in M/MtCK(-/-) hearts (88.2 +/- 6.8 mmHg) and lower in AK(-/-) hearts (46.7 +/- 9.4 mmHg) compared with wild-type hearts (60.7 +/- 10.1 mmHg) at the basal pacing rate. Developed pressure fell slightly when heart rate was increased in all three groups. Basal MVO(2) at 300 beats/min was 19.1 +/- 2.4, 19.4 +/- 1.5, and 16.3 +/- 1.9 micromol x min(-1) x g dry wt(-1) for M/MtCK(-/-), AK(-/-), and wild type, respectively, which increased to 25.5 +/- 3.7, 25.4 +/- 2.6, and 22.0 +/- 2.6 micromol. min(-1) x g(-1), when heart rate was increased to 400 beats/min. The t(mito) was significantly faster in M/MtCK(-/-) hearts: 3.0 +/- 0.3 versus 7.3 +/- 0.6 and 8.0 +/- 0.4 s for M/MtCK(-/-), AK(-/-), and wild-type hearts, respectively. Our results demonstrate that MVO(2) of M/MtCK(-/-) hearts adapts more quickly to an increase in heart rate and thereby support the hypothesis that creatine kinase acts as an energy buffer in the cytosol, which delays the energy-related signal between sites of ATP hydrolysis and mitochondria.
Patents and the Performance of Voluntary Standard Setting Organizations

This paper measures the technological significance of voluntary standard setting organizations (SSOs) by examining citations to patents disclosed in the standard setting process. We find that SSO patents are cited far more frequently than a set of control patents, and that SSO patents receive citations for a much longer period of time. Furthermore, we find a significant correlation between citation and the disclosure of a patent to an SSO, which may imply a marginal impact of disclosure. These results provide the first empirical look at patents disclosed to SSOs, and show that these organizations not only select important technologies, but may also play a role in establishing their significance.
Measurement of the bottom quark contribution to nonphotonic electron production in p + p collisions at √s=200  GeV.

The contribution of B meson decays to nonphotonic electrons, which are mainly produced by the semileptonic decays of heavy-flavor mesons, in p + p collisions at √s=200 GeV has been measured using azimuthal correlations between nonphotonic electrons and hadrons. The extracted B decay contribution is approximately 50% at a transverse momentum of pT≥5 GeV/c. These measurements constrain the nuclear modification factor for electrons from B and D meson decays. The result indicates that B meson production in heavy ion collisions is also suppressed at high pT.
Sectoral Exchange Rate Pass-Through in the Euro Area

We study exchange-rate pass-through (ERPT) to euro area manufacturing import prices at the sectorally disaggregated level as well as for the manufacturing aggregate. We use a VAR-X framework to take into account that explanatory variables such as domestic and foreign PPI and the nominal eective exchange rate are not necessarily exogenous. We explain that the VAR-based
Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds

Marine stratocumulus clouds are generally optically thick and shallow, exerting a net cooling influence on climate. Changes in atmospheric aerosol levels alter cloud microphysics (e.g., droplet size) and cloud macrophysics (e.g., liquid water path, cloud thickness), thereby affecting cloud albedo and Earth’s radiative balance. To understand the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions and to explore the dynamical effects, three-dimensional large-eddy simulations (LES) with detailed bin-resolved microphysics are performed to explore the diurnal variation of marine stratocumulus clouds under different aerosol levels and environmental conditions. It is shown that the marine stratocumulus cloud albedo is sensitive to aerosol perturbation under clean background conditions, and to environmental conditions such as large-scale divergence rate and free tropospheric humidity. Based on the in-situ Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE) during Jul. and Aug. 2011, and A-Train satellite observation of 589 individual ship tracks during Jun. 2006-Dec. 2009, an analysis of cloud albedo responses in ship tracks is presented. It is found that the albedo response in ship tracks depends on the mesoscale cloud structure, the free tropospheric humidity, and cloud top height. Under closed cell structure (i.e., cloud cells ringed by a perimeter of clear air), with sufficiently dry air above cloud tops and/or higher cloud top heights, the cloud albedo can become lower in ship tracks. Based on the satellite data, nearly 25% of ship tracks exhibited a decreased albedo. The cloud macrophysical responses are crucial in determining both the strength and the sign of the cloud albedo response to aerosols. To understand the aerosol indirect effects on global marine warm clouds, multisensory satellite observations, including CloudSat, MODIS, CALIPSO, AMSR-E, ECMWF, CERES, and NCEP, have been applied to study the sensitivity of cloud properties to aerosol levels and to large scale environmental conditions. With an estimate of anthropogenic aerosol fraction, the global aerosol indirect radiative forcing has been assessed. As the coupling among aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and meteorological conditions in the marine boundary layer is complex, the integration of LES modeling, in-situ aircraft measurements, and global multisensory satellite data analyses improves our understanding of this complex system.
Investigating the Relationships among Motivation, Negotiation, and Alpine Skiing Participation

This study aimed to investigate the negotiation strategies used by recreational skiers to overcome constraints' influences, and to test the degree to which negotiation acts as a mediator of the relationship between motivation and intention to continue participation. Two hundred and twenty (N = 220) recreational skiers completed the intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions of the Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al., 1995) and a fifteen-item negotiation scale. Five negotiation dimensions were revealed by an exploratory factor analysis: “improve skiing knowledge,” “adjust lifestyle,” “acquire information regarding resorts,” “time management,” and “find partners. ” The results indicated that: (a) both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation had statistical significant associations with intention to continue skiing, (b) the “time management” and “improve skiing knowledge” dimensions offered significant contributions to the prediction of intention, (c) the negotiation dimensions partially (not fully) mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation and intention. These results provide support for the negotiation proposition, developed by Jackson et al. (1993), and further explain the relationships among motivation, negotiation, and an individual's leisure behavior.
Tectonic interaction between the Pamir and Tien Shan observed by GPS

The complex tectonic interplay between the Central Asian Southwest Tien Shan and the north advancing Pamir as well as the role of the Pamir Frontal Thrust (PFT) separating these two orogens along the intervening Alai Valley is yet unclear. In this paper we present data of the newly installed Western Alai GPS profile (WAGP), capturing the deformation signal of both mountain ranges. The 20 km long WAGP records a maximum displacement rate of 9.3 ± 0.8 mm yr−1. The lion's share of displacement (6.0 ± 0.8 mm yr−1) is accommodated between the two stations located directly north and south of the PFT in 5 km distance. The WAGP data nicely complement the existing South Tien Shan and the Pamir GPS network data, which we present here in a combined reference frame and use it as input for horizontal block rotation/strain models. The model results show that both the Southwest Tien Shan and the Pamir behave as uniformly strained blocks and rotate counterclockwise (with respect to Eurasia) by 0.93 ± 0.11° Myr−1 and 0.62 ± 0.05° Myr−1, respectively. The Southwest Tien Shan undergoes NNE‐SSW shortening of −22.1 ± 1.5 × 10−9 year−1 with an insignificant perpendicular extension. The Pamir is shortening with a rate of −10.2 ± 3.8 × 10−9 year−1 in a NNE‐SSW direction, which is nearly 2.5 times less than its lateral extension rate. A band of increased deformation along the PFT is bounded to the north by the northern rim of the Alai Valley and extends up to 30–50 km south into the Pamir.
An excursion set model of hierarchical clustering: ellipsoidal collapse and the moving barrier

The excursion set approach allows one to estimate the abundance and spatial distribution of virialized dark matter haloes efficiently and accurately. The predictions of this approach depend on how the non-linear processes of collapse and virialization are modelled. We present simple analytic approximations that allow us to compare the excursion set predictions associated with spherical and ellipsoidal collapse. In particular, we present formulae for the universal unconditional mass function of bound objects and the conditional mass function which describes the mass function of the progenitors of haloes in a given mass range today. We show that the ellipsoidal collapse based moving barrier model provides a better description of what we measure in the numerical simulations than the spherical collapse based constant barrier model, although the agreement between model and simulations is better at large lookback times. Our results for the conditional mass function can be used to compute accurate approximations to the local-density mass function, which quantifies the tendency for massive haloes to populate denser regions than less massive haloes. This happens because low-density regions can be thought of as being collapsed haloes viewed at large lookback times, whereas high-density regions are collapsed haloes viewed at small lookback times. Although we have applied our analytic formulae only to two simple barrier shapes, we show that they are, in fact, accurate for a wide variety of moving barriers. We suggest how they can be used to study the case in which the initial dark matter distribution is not completely cold.
Moment Magnitude-Rupture Area Scaling and Stress-Drop Variations for Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Region

Abstract A dataset of moment magnitudes and rupture areas is compiled for 53 earthquakes that occurred in the Mediterranean region during the period 1976–2013. Moment magnitudes of these events range from 4.45 to 7.56, and the rupture areas are mainly inferred from the dimensions of their aftershocks zone. Three magnitude–area relationships that have been determined using global datasets, namely Wells and Coppersmith (1994), Hanks and Bakun (2002), and Shaw (2009), are examined to determine how well they fit these observations. The relationship of Shaw (2009) exhibits the best goodness of fit to the data, followed very closely by a modified version of the Hanks and Bakun bilinear relationship. Statistical tests show that the magnitude residuals of the two relationships are not significantly different, thus either of them could be used for seismic‐hazard analysis. Stress drop of the selected events varies within a narrow range, increasing from 1 MPa for seismic moments less than 1×10 18 N·m to about 6 MPa for larger events. Taking into account that the majority of the events under study are either normal or strike‐slip earthquakes, this pattern of stress‐drop variation is in contrast to that in areas like Taiwan or the Mexico subduction zone, where thrust faulting is dominant. For these areas, earthquakes tend to exhibit larger stress drops of up to 100 MPa, suggesting there is an apparent dependence of stress‐drop variation on faulting type. Online Material: Detailed information for 53 earthquakes used to derive the magnitude–rupture area scaling relation.
The petrous portion of the human temporal bone: potential for forensic individuation

The Petrous Portion of the Human Temporal Bone: Potential for Forensic Individuation. (August 2006) Jason Matthew Wiersema, B.A., Texas State University; M.A., California State University, Chico Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Lori E. Wright In this dissertation I evaluate the potential of the morphology of the petrous portion of the human temporal bone as seen on axial CT scans of the head as a means to generate identifications of fragmentary human skeletal remains. The specific goals are threefold: (1) To investigate variability in the shape of the petrous portion of the human temporal bone using two-dimensional morphometric analysis; (2) to evaluate the reliability of the resultant method in forensic identification; and (3) to consider the results within the framework of Bayesian theory in light of recent rulings regarding the admissibility of forensic testimony. The data used in this research were collected from axial CT images of the cranium. Two sets of images were collected for each of the 115 individuals in the sample so that Euclidean distance comparisons could be made between images of the same individual and images from different individuals. I collected
Disease-specific prioritization of non-coding GWAS variants based on chromatin accessibility

Non-protein-coding genetic variants are a major driver of the genetic risk for human disease; however, identifying which non-coding variants contribute to which diseases, and their mechanisms, remains challenging. In-silico variant prioritization methods quantify a variant's severity in the context of having a phenotypic effect; but for most methods the specific phenotype and disease context of the prediction are poorly defined. For example, many commonly used methods provide a single organism-wide score for each variant, while other methods summarize a variant's impact specifically in certain tissues and/or cell-types. Here we propose a complementary disease-specific variant prioritization scheme, which is motivated by the observation that the variants contributing to different diseases often operate through different biological mechanisms. We combine tissue/cell-type specific scores into disease-specific scores with a logistic regression approach and apply it to 25,000 non-coding variants spanning 111 diseases. We show that disease-specific aggregation of tissue/cell-type specific scores (GenoSkyline, Fit- Cons2, DNA accessibility) signifiantly improves the association of common non-coding genetic variants with disease (average precision: 0.151, baseline=0.09), compared with organism-wide scores (GenoCanyon, LINSIGHT, GWAVA, eigen, CADD; average precision: 0.129, base- line=0.09). Calculating disease similarities based on data-driven aggregation weights highlights meaningful disease groups (e.g., immune system related diseases and mental/behavioral disorders), and it provides information about tissues and cell-types that drive these similarities (e.g., lymphoblastoid T-cells for immune-system diseases). We also show that so-learned similarities are complementary to genetic similarities as quantified by genetic correlation. Overall, our aggregation approach demonstrates the strengths of disease-specific variant prioritization, leads to improvement in non-coding variant prioritization, and it enables interpretable models that link variants to disease via specific tissues and/or cell-types.
Large Individual Differences in Functional Connectivity in the Context of Major Depression and Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy

Clinical studies of major depression (MD) often examine differences between groups whilst ignoring within-group variation. However, inter-individual differences in brain function are increasingly recognised as important and may impact effect sizes related to group effects. Here, we examine the magnitude of individual differences in relation to group differences that are commonly investigated (e.g., related to MD diagnosis and treatment response). Functional MRI data from 107 participants (63 female, 44 male) were collected at baseline, 2 and 8 weeks during which patients received pharmacotherapy (escitalopram, N=68), and controls (N=39) received no intervention. The unique contributions of different sources of variation were examined by calculating how much variance in functional connectivity was shared across all participants and sessions, within/across groups (patients vs controls, responders vs non-responders, female vs male participants), recording sessions and individuals. Individual differences and common connectivity across groups, sessions and participants contributed most to the explained variance (>95% across analyses). Group differences related to MD diagnosis, treatment response and biological sex made significant but small contributions (0.3-1.2%). High individual variation was present in multimodal association areas, while low individual variation characterized primary sensorimotor regions. Group differences were much smaller than individual differences in the context of MD and its treatment. These results could be linked to the variable findings and difficulty translating research on MD to clinical practice. Future research should examine brain features with low and high individual variation in relation to psychiatric symptoms and treatment trajectories to explore the clinical relevance of the individual differences identified here.
An introduction to phase-integral methods

Now welcome, the most inspiring book today from a very professional writer in the world, an introduction to phase integral methods john heading. This is the book that many people in the world waiting for to publish. After the announced of this book, the book lovers are really curious to see how this book is actually. Are you one of them? That's very proper. You may not be regret now to seek for this book to read.
Three-dimensional effects on deformation of deep excavations

To research the influence of three-dimensional (3D) effects on the deformation of deep excavations, a database of 30 deep excavations of Nanjing metro stations in China was analysed and comparisons with worldwide cases were conducted. It was found that maximum wall deflections in zones influenced by 3D effects are generally less than those in zones not influenced by 3D effects, while the normalised locations of maximum wall deflections are the same in the two zones. The ratios of maximum wall deflection to excavation depth in zones influenced by 3D effects was found to be generally less than those in zones not influenced by 3D effects. 3D effects were also found to influence ground settlement. Three settlement models – for zones not influenced by 3D effects, zones influenced by 3D effects and zones of soil arch springs – are proposed and comparisons are made. The ratio of maximum ground settlement to excavation depth was found to be 0·12% on average and the ratio of maximum ground settlement to maximum wa.
Camelina : effects of planting date and method on stand establishment and seed yield

Camelina has drawn keen interest in recent years because of research showing the seed oil could be used for human and animal consumption as well as commercial and military aircraft fuel. The objective of our research was to evaluate the effects of several planting dates and two planting methods on camelina stand establishment and seed yield in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Field experiments were conducted for three years at four distinct rainfed agro-environments in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Camelina was planted on an average of five dates at each site from early October to mid-April by either drilling seed at a shallow depth or broadcasting seed on the soil surface. The best plant stands were achieved with the late-winter and early-spring plantings. Both drilling and broadcast were effective for planting camelina with no overall advantage of either method at any site. Seed yields ranged from less than 90 lb/acre to 2600 lb/acre. Based on the overall differences in annual precipitation and other circumstances that occurred across the four agro-environments during the three-year study, we were able to conclude that (i) late February–early March is the best planting date range for optimum stands and seed yield and (ii) broadcasting is the best planting method because it requires the least amount of time and expense.
Effect of plant population density and shading on the productivity of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and beets (Beta vulgaris L.) under intercropping

Intercropping is a common practice throughout the world, but sole cropping systems predominate where advanced production technologies are widely available. The associated species in an intercropping system tend to interfere, mainly through either competition for mutually required resources or release of allelopathic chemicals to the microenvironment. This interference intensifies as the density of each component species increases. An experiment was performed to determine the effect of species population densities and shade on yield and yield components of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and beets (Beta vulgaris L.). Plants of each species were sown at four densities, in a split-plot randomized complete block design under two light intensity levels (full sun and partial shade). Analysis of variance, yield-density regressions, land equivalent ratios and light absorption-density regressions were used to quantify and interpret the treatment effects. The analysis of variance indicated that yield per plant was significantly reduced by increasing density of each species, and by decreasing light intensity for most of the growth measures. Inverse regression parameter values for most of the yield variables revealed that beet was a stronger competitor than bean. Beet was also found to be more competitive than bean under full sun, but not under shade. Bean dry-matter allocation to leaves, stems and pods was also observed to decrease with increasing bean and beet population densities. An exception to this was the allocation to leaves, which was not significantly affected by bean density. Beet density had no significant effect on its dry-matter allocation, but bean density caused significant reduction in beet dry-matter allocation to petioles and storage root. Land equivalent ratios (LER) were approximately equal to 1 indicating neither overyielding nor underyielding. The contribution of bean to LER was always lower than that of beet for all the variables. i i i Light interception was found to increase with species population densities and time. Bean was superior to beet in terms of light interception, which may account for the competitive improvement of bean observed under shade.