Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Adherence to Law: Physical versus Intellectual Property

Infringement of intellectual property seems to be much more common than infringement of physical property. Intellectual property rights protect goods that are non-rival in consumption, while physical property rights protect rival goods. Nonrivalry implies that the owner suffers no direct harm from infringement. This could explain lower respect for property rights in nonrival goods. To test this hypothesis, we isolate the dimension of rivalry in an experiment. We develop a theft game that offers plausible deniability and minimizes experimenter demand. We find no evidence, either in behavior or in social norms, that participants’ respect for nonrival goods is lower than for rival goods. This suggests that the widespread infringement of intellectual property rights is not due to their nonrival nature. We examine this result in a vignette study and find that stealing a nonrival good is more socially acceptable when the user’s valuation is below the price of the good.
Neurofilaments as blood biomarkers at the preataxic and ataxic stage of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a cross-species analysis in humans and mice

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a devastating multisystemic neurodegenerative disease for which targeted molecular therapies are coming into reach (e.g. antisense oligonucleotides). To pave the way for upcoming translational trials, easily accessible biomarkers in SCA3 are needed, particularly for subjects at the preataxic stage and cross-validated also in animal models. We hypothesised that serum neurofilaments might serve as blood biomarkers of disease progression in both human SCA3 and mouse models, expecting increased concentrations already at the preataxic stage. Serum neurofilament light (NfL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNfH) levels were determined by ultra-sensitive single molecule array (Simoa) in cross-sectional samples of ataxic and preataxic SCA3 subjects and controls in two independent cohorts (ESMI cohort = cohort #1: n=160, EuroSCA/RiSCA cohort = cohort #2: n=89). Serum NfL and pNfH were also assessed in a 304Q SCA3 knock-in mouse model across presymptomatic and symptomatic disease stages (n=147). Ataxic SCA3 subjects showed increased serum NfL (p<0.001) and pNfH (p<0.001) levels in cohort #1, with NfL levels already increased in preataxic subjects (p<0.001). All these results were replicated in cohort #2 (all p<0.001). Cross-sectional NfL levels correlated with clinical disease severity (Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia [SARA]; r=0.43, p<0.001) and with longitudinal disease progression (annual SARA score change, ϱ=0.42, p=0.012). CAG count and age were significant predictors of individual NfL concentrations (each p<0.001). NfL levels in preataxic subjects increased with proximity to individual expected onset of ataxia (p<0.001), with significant elevations already 7.5 years before onset. Serum NfL and pNfH increases in SCA3 subjects were paralleled by similar changes in SCA3 knock-in mice, here also already starting at the presymptomatic stage and close to the onset of ataxin-3 protein increase. Serum concentrations of neurofilaments, particularly NfL, might provide easily accessible biomarkers of disease severity in both ataxic and preataxic SCA3 subjects and mice prior to conversion. Neurofilaments thus entail potential applications as progression, onset/proximity and treatment-response markers in both human and murine SCA3 trials.
ADAPT: Adjuvant dynamic marker-adjusted personalized therapy trial optimizing risk assessment and therapy response prediction in early breast cancer.

TPS655^ Background: Indication of (neo-)adjuvant therapy is based on risk profile, hormone receptor and HER2 status at time of primary diagnosis. Data indicate dynamic proliferation changes after short-term induction therapy are superior to static initial biopsy results in predicting outcome and tumor response following neoadjuvant CTx in distinct BC subtypes. First generation trials such as TAILORx, MINDACT, NNBC-3, WSG planB utilize information of new prognostic/predictive tests to reduce overtreatment by CTx. Results still pending. ADAPT is a second generation trial addressing individualization of adjuvant decision-making in early BC by utilizing optimized pre-therapeutic biomarker information and early biomarker changes in a second core biopsy after 3-week subtype specific induction therapy. It aims at reducing over-/undertreatment in luminal tumors and optimizing therapy in HER2+ (T-DM1, pertuzumab) / TNBC (nab-paclitaxel + platinum/gemcitabine). Methods: Design: ADAPT combines static prognosis asses.
Histopathologic Profile of Miscarriages during First Trimester of Pregnancy in Teaching Hospital of Grand Yoff in Dakar (Senegal)

Background: Mainly for economic reasons, histopathologic analysis is not a systematic practice in medical structures in Senegal, and the utility of this exam is being questioned by many authors. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of this exam, in our medical practice and try to determine if this exam should be systematic of kept only for individualized cases. Material and Methods: It was a retrospective study from January 2010 to December 2018, carried out in the Laboratory of Pathology of the Teaching Hospital of Grand Yoff in Dakar. The data were collected from the register of pathologic examinations of the laboratory. Results: We registered 543 results of histopathologic examination of products of conception from the first trimester abortion. The women mean age was 22.4 years ± 6.2 with extremes of 17 and 46 years. The routine histopathologic assessment of products of first- trimester miscarriages highlighted in our study three pathologies: hydatidiform mole (24.7%), infection (4.6%) and ectopic pregnancy (0.09%). Only 11.7% of cases of Hydatidiform mole (HM) were suspected before the histopathologic assessment. In our sample, molar pregnancy seems to be higher in anembryonic conception with a prevalence of 45%. The prevalence of Complete Hydatidiform Mole (CHM) was higher than the one of Partial Hydatidiform Mole (PHM) (14.8% vs. 9.9% of miscarriages). Indeed, both require follow up to prevent or manage at time the occurrence of choriocarcinoma. Conclusion: The results of the histologic analysis after abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy show that this exam should be practiced systematically in routine in our context because of high prevalence of hydatidiform mole.
Six, Not Eight Cycles of Bi-Weekly CHOP with Rituximab (R-CHOP-14) Is the Preferred Treatment for Elderly Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): Results of the RICOVER-60 Trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL).

Interval reduction from 3 (CHOP-21) to 2 weeks (CHOP-14; Pfreundschuh et al., Blood, 2004) and the addition of rituximab to CHOP-21 (R-CHOP-21; Coiffier et al., NEJM, 2002) improved outcome in elderly patients with DLBCL to a similar extent without increasing toxicity compared to CHOP-21. In the RICOVER-60 trial, elderly patients (61–80 years, stages I–IV) were randomized to receive 6 or 8 cycles of CHOP-14 with or without 8 applications of rituximab given on days 1, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71, 85, and 99. Radiotherapy was planned to sites of initial bulk and/or extranodal involvement. The primary endpoint was freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) with events defined as additional therapy, failure to achieve complete remission, progressive disease, relapse, or death. The trial was powered to show a 9% difference in FFTF rate after 3 years. Between 07/2000 and 06/2005, 1330 patients were recruited. A planned interim analysis was performed on 828 evaluable patients with CD20+ DLBCL (median age 68 years; IPI=1: 32%, IPI=2: 29%; IPI=3: 23%; IPI=4,5: 16%). As by intention to treat, there was no difference in FFTF between 6 (n=414) and 8 (n=413) cycles (p=0.23), but FFTF after R-CHOP-14 (n=414) was significantly better than after CHOP-14 (n=413) alone (p=0.000025). As the empirical p-value of the log rank test statistics for FFTF was considerably lower than the critical value for the interim analysis (pcrit=0.031), the formal criterion for stopping the trial according to the alpha spending function (O’ Brien and Fleming boundary) was met and the trial was stopped on June 17, 2005 with 50/1330 patients still under therapy. After a median observation time of 26 months, there was a trend for a better FFTF after 8 cycles of CHOP-14 (n=210) compared to 6 cycles (n=203; 58% vs. 53%; p=0.13), but this trend was neutralized after the addition of rituximab: 70% FFTF for both 6 (n=211) and 8 cycles R-CHOP-14 (n=203). The advantage of R-CHOP-14 over CHOP-14 with respect to overall survival after 26 months is not yet significant (74% vs. 78%; p=0.13). Excluding patients with stage I, the RICOVER-60 population is very similar to the one included in the GELA 98.5 trial; however, the projected 2.5-year survival rate for elderly stage II–IV patients after 6 x R-CHOP-14 (74%) compares favorably with 8 x R-CHOP-21 in the GELA trial (64%; Feugier et al. JCO 2005). The superiority of 6 x R-CHOP-14 over 8 x R-CHOP-21 is mostly due to the better 2.5-year survival of poor-prognosis patients (IPI=3,4,5: 64% in the RICOVER trial vs. 54% in the GELA trial). In conclusion, the results observed with 6 cycles of R-CHOP-14 in this largest randomized trial of DLBLC performed to date are the best ever reported for elderly patients with DLBCL. 6 x R-CHOP-14 should be considered as reference standard in future trials for elderly patients with DLBCL.
Placental Malaria Associated With Low Birth Weight among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women on Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Jos, Nigeria

The effectiveness of prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole against placental and infants’ malaria parasitaemia, anaemia and birth weight was assessed among HIV-infected pregnant women in Jos. Thick and thin blood smears of placental and cord blood were examined for malaria parasitaemia while other birth outcomes were taken at delivery. Out of the 135 HIV-infected pregnant women exposed to cotrimoxazole (CTX) Group A and 100 to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) Group B for prophylaxis, 102(75.6%) and 93(93.0%) in groups A and B respectively were followed-up to delivery. Three (2.94%) infants in group A and 1 (0.98%) in group B were preterm deliveries/stillbirths. No maternal death was recorded throughout the study. Placental malaria was 5.9% among group A and 7.5% among group B. No malaria parasites were detected in the cord blood of group A infants while 3.2% of group B infants were infected with the parasites. Mean placental malaria parasitaemia was low (<2000asp/μl) throughout the study, with 1266.6 and 0 asp/μl in the placenta and cord blood respectively of Group A and 1157.14 and 933.3 asp/μl respectively, in group B. Severe infants’ anaemia (PCV<25), was higher among study population who took SP for prophylaxis compared to those who took CTX 8(8.60%) and 6(5.90%) respectively. The means of all other birth outcomes were within normal ranges except for the placental and cord blood PCVs which were slightly lower than the normal ranges (36-47% and 42-60% respectively). Low birth weight (LBW) was observed among infants in SP group (B) than CTX group (A). Placental malaria was significantly associated with cord blood malaria, infant birth weight, and cord blood PCV. Prophylaxis with CTX effectively reduced placental and infants’ malaria parasitaemia compared to the standard SP. Continuous monitoring of haemoglobin status of HIV-infected pregnant women with low CD4+ count should be strengthened for promptly treatment of anaemic patients.
Whistleblowing intentions of accounting students

This study aims to investigate the intentions of a section of Ghanaian university students towards whistleblowing and the factors that predict such intentions. ,This study used the survey method of research, and data was gathered through the use of questionnaires. A total of 524 accounting students from the University of Ghana Business School participated in the survey. The structural equation modelling technique was used to analyse the data. ,The findings of this study show that the sampled students have greater intentions to report wrongdoings when detected and that majority of the students would prefer to use internal mechanisms for reporting purposes than using external means. Further, the study found students’ attitude towards whistleblowing and subjective norm to be key predictors of internal whistleblowing intentions whereas perceived behavioural control was found to have a positive influence on the intention to blow the whistle externally. ,Findings of this study have implications for policymakers who have a keen interest in enhancing whistleblowing activities and whistleblower protection. ,This study provides some insights into the whistleblowing intentions of students. An understanding of the views of students towards whistleblowing and the factors driving their intentions should be useful to organisations that may use these students upon graduation.
Role of CCR5 in the cardiovascular complications of renal disease and diabetes

Hart- en vaatziekten bij diabetes en nierfalen: nieuwe aanknopingspunten voor behandeling Ondanks grote vooruitgang in de behandeling, blijven hart- en vaatziekten een belangrijke oorzaak van ziekte en overlijden wereldwijd, zeker bij patienten met diabetes mellitus type 2 en eindstadium nierfalen. Het is dan ook van groot belang nader in kaart te brengen hoe hart- en vaatziekten precies ontstaan, met name bij patienten met eindstadium nierfalen. Tegenwoordig wordt het onderliggende proces van hart- en vaatziekten gezien als een ontstekingsreactie. In dit ontstekingsproces spelen ook chemokinen een belangrijke rol, met name de CC-chemokinen en hun receptoren. Muntinghe bracht de rol van een genetische variant van de CC-chemokine 5 receptor (het CCR5Δ32 polymorfisme) bij het ontstaan van hart- en vaatziekten bij nierfalen en diabetes gedetailleerd in kaart. Hij stelt vast dat de aanwezigheid van genoemd polymorfisme gerelateerd is aan betere overleving. Dit heeft te maken, zo veronderstelt hij, met verschillen in het beloop van ontstekingsprocessen. Ook toont Muntinghe aan dat CCR5Δ32 bij de mens effect heeft op de eigenschappen van de immuunrespons. Dit werd niet eerder aangetoond. In een simulatiestudie toont Muntinghe aan dat het screenen op CCR5∆32 en het farmacologisch blokkeren van CCR5 kosteneffectief is bij patienten met eindstadium nierfalen. Omdat dergelijke behandelingen ook nadelige effecten kunnen hebben, verdient het aanbeveling te zoeken naar patientengroepen die er het meeste baat bij hebben, aldus de onderzoeker. Genetische associatiestudies, zoals beschreven in dit onderzoek, kunnen helpen bij het ontwikkelen van een therapie op maat.
MANUSKRIP AL-QUR’AN DI THAILAND SELATAN

Thailand Selatan merupakan komunitas muslim yang kuat menjaga tradisi Islamnya. Warisan intelektual Islam, termasuk salinan mushaf Al-Qur’an dahulu banyak terdapat di pondok-pondok dan permukiman sekitar masjid tua—dan belakangan ini, museum. Penelusuran manuskrip Al-Qur’an di Thailand Selatan tampaknya belum pernah dilakukan. Artikel ini menelusuri tiga tempat koleksi manuskrip Al-Qur’an di museum dan masyarakat, yaitu Museum Al-Qur’an dan Manuskrip Lama di Narathiwat, Masjid Telok Manok, dan Masjid Bankuanlangnga, Pattani. Berdasarkan informasi lapangan, tergambar adanya migrasi manuskrip Al-Qur’an—di samping naskah keagamaan lainnya—sejak dasawarsa 1980-an keluar dari Thailand Selatan, dan kini menjadi koleksi beberapa lembaga publik dan pribadi terutama di Malaysia dan Brunei. Sebaliknya, belakangan ini, sejak ada usaha pendirian Museum Al-Qur’an di Narathiwat, ada upaya untuk mengembalikan sejumlah manuskrip Al-Qur’an ke Thailand Selatan. Namun, seperti tampak dari koleksi baru di Museum Al-Qur’an, kebanyakan manuskrip Al-Qur’an tersebut berasal dari Jawa, dan bukan manuskrip Al-Qur’an asli Thailand Selatan.
Autobiographical memory functions: an emancipatory approach to construct environmental education outcomes

Abstract In this study, we assessed how 34 young adult participants in an environmental education (EE) program from 2011 to 2014 constructed their learning outcomes through interviews and the exploration of autobiographical memory functions (AMFs) regarding program experiences. We articulated a variety of directive, social, and self AMFs, including the achievement of the top five typical objectives of EE, increase in positive social norms through reminiscing and sharing memories, and attainment of diverse personal growth. We also constructed the relationship of these outcomes with the ultimate objective of EE. This method can presumably be used to emergently construct outcomes for evaluating emancipatory EE programs, which are on the request of tackling wicked environmental problems.
Getting through the shift: navigating moral distress in acute care nursing

Supervisory Committee Dr. Bernadette Pauly, School of Nursing Supervisor Dr. Rita Schreiber, School of Nursing Co-Supervisor or Departmental Member With the corporatization of healthcare, combined with rapid advances in medical technology, frontline health care workers, especially nurses, are facing an increase in daily ethical dilemmas, with potential increases in moral distress. The contributing factors and negative effects of moral distress are well researched, in particular as they impact nurses in specialty areas. However, understanding how nurses navigate moral distress, specifically in general medical and surgical units, is not as well understood. The purpose of this study was to understand and articulate the processes that nurses carry out when navigating moral distress, by exploring their interactions with the health care environment. Using grounded theory methodology, a substantive theory was developed to explain the process. The participants in this study were all registered nurses from an acute care academic hospital, who worked on nonspecialty medical and/or surgical units. Data collection consisted of audio-recorded face-to-face interviews that were transcribed post interview. All the events and situations that resulted in the experience of moral distress were primarily rooted in organizational structures, which often blindsided the nurses in this study, and led to a sense of feeling ill-equipped and unsupported to respond in the moment. Furthermore, the participants expressed their inability to be agents of change due to the established organizational expectations. The basic social process for navigating moral distress was “Just getting through the shift”. This theory is comprised of the iv categories of Experiencing Moral Distress, Making Sense of the Situation, and Finding the Way. In working through these processes, the participants engaged in navigating moral distress. Making sense of the situation was an ongoing process that nurses engaged in whereby they sought out knowledge in various ways, such as exploring internal resources, and building relationships with their peers, their patients, and patients’ families. Throughout this iterative process of making sense of the situation, the nurses were then able to find their way. Participants discussed positive outcomes such as reflecting and learning from the experience. However, despite this response, there was a feeling of powerlessness to make a difference. Therefore, they focused on providing the best care they could and getting on with their shift without experiencing closure.
Chapter 10 Magmatism (1.6–1.4 Ga) and Mesoproterozoic sedimentation related to intracratonic rifting coeval with distal accretionary orogenesis

Abstract Separate pulses of magmatic activity involving the emplacement of plutons with predominantly granitic or bimodal granitic and gabbroic composition, as well as dolerite dykes, occurred in a cratonic setting in eastern Sweden at c. 1.59–1.58 Ga, c. 1.53–1.50 Ga and c. 1.47–1.44 Ga; anorthosite, monzodiorite and syenitoid rocks are locally present. Most of the granites have been compared with rapakivi granites in Finland and elsewhere. Isotopic data (Hf in zircons and ɛNd values) from the plutons in north-central Sweden show contamination by an Archean source. Siliciclastic rocks dominated by aeolian or deltaic sandstones overlie c. 1.58 Ga or c. 1.50 Ga plutons, are intercalated with 1.46 Ga basaltic lavas and were deposited prior to the emplacement of 1.27–1.25 Ga dolerites. The magmatic rocks are subalkaline (tholeiitic) to alkaline and the mafic components have been compared with continental flood basalts, suggesting an intracratonic, rift-related tectonic setting for the magmatism and sand deposition. These rocks constitute the westerly part of a late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic magmatic province in northern Europe, located along roughly north–south- and WSW–ENE-trending linear belts. This tectonic development was coeval with accretionary orogenic activity further to the west and SW.
Low-Energy and Fast Spiking Neural Network For Context-Dependent Learning on FPGA

Supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning (RL) mechanisms are known as the most powerful learning paradigms empowering neuromorphic systems. These systems typically take advantage of unsupervised learning because they can learn the distribution of sensory information. However, to perform a task, not only is it important to have sensory information, but also it is required to have information about the context in which the system is operating. In this sense, reinforcement learning is very powerful for interacting with the environment while performing a context-dependent task. The predominant motivation for this brief is to present a digital architecture for a spiking neural network (SNN) model with RL capability suitable for learning a context-dependent task. The proposed architecture is composed of hardware-friendly leaky integrate-and-firing (LIF) neurons and spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP)-based synapses implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Hardware synthesis and physical implementations show that the resulting circuits can faithfully reproduce the outcome of a learning task previously performed in both animal experimentation and computational modelings. Compared to the state-of-the-art neuromorphic FPGA circuits with context-dependent learning capability, our circuit fires 10.7 times fewer spikes, which accelerates learning 15 times, while requiring 16 times less energy. This is a significant step in achieving fast and low-energy SNNs with context-dependent learning ability on FPGAs.
Expression of Recombinant Non Structural 1 Protein of Dengue Virus Serotype-2 in Mammalian Cell Line

Dengue infection is a global infectious disease with almost 100 million cases occur annually in over more than 100 endemic countries. Dengue virus (DENV), the causative agent of dengue infection, is an 11 kbp RNApositive strand virus which encode 3 structural and 7 non-structural protein within its genome. Non-structural 1 (NS1) protein of DENV is expressed in the earlier stage of infection and having pathogenic role in disease severity. NS1 gene of DENV serotype-2 Indonesian strain was amplified through PCR method using specific designated primers. NS1 amplicon were then cloned into pUMVC4.a and pcDNA3.1 mammalian expression vector which confirmed through colony PCR and sequencing method. Recombinant pUNS1 and pcNS1 plasmids were transfected into CHO-K1 mammalian cell line with lipid based method. Recombinant NS1 protein expression were analyzed through immunostaining using dengue patient sera and rapid NS1 detection kit. Recombinant pUNS1 and pcNS1 plasmids were successfully constructed and recombinant NS1 protein was expressed in CHOK1 mammalian cell line and shown to be reactive against dengue patient sera. Our recombinant NS1 protein also tend to be released outside the transfected CHO-K1 cells as detected in rapid NS1 detection kit. Recombinant dengue NS1 protein was expressed in mammalian cell line in both intra and extracellularly and shown to be immunogenic.