Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Route analysis in the architecture of museums and tomb buildings through space syntax case study: (Tomb of Nader Shah in Mashhad, Avicenna Mausoleum in Hamadan, and Mausoleum of poets in Tabriz)

ABSTRACT Historical memorials, in most parts of the world, represent and are associated with the cultures, arts, and architectures of the time they are born within. Examples of such structures which include museum-like settings are the Tomb of Nader Shah in Mashhad, Avicenna Mausoleum in Hamadan, and the Mausoleum of Poets in Tabriz. The objectives of the present study are to examine the concepts and criteria of routing and their function in architecture on one hand, and to signify the manifestation of routing in the mausoleums and memorial tombs of Pahlavi era on the other hand. The methodology is a descriptive-inferential one which follows the space syntax of Depth Map software to a qualitative and quantitative degree. According to the findings, it seems that the hierarchy of paths which leads to the tomb plays a significant part in routing. Moreover, main entrances, central lobbies, and corridors which are more peopled as compared with other sections, are exposed to visitation and provide social communication. In the end, the making of an intelligible circulation system, which is a method in architecture that facilitates routing unfamiliar places, has been acknowledged considerably in aforementioned memorial structures.
Synthesis of Calcium Orthophosphates by Chemical Precipitation in Aqueous Solutions: The Effect of the Acidity, Ca/P Molar Ratio, and Temperature on the Phase Composition and Solubility of Precipitates

Studies on chemical precipitation of the calcium orthophosphates have shown that their phase compositions do not vary depending on molar ratio Ca/P but are sensitive to solutions acidity and temperature. These are two key factors that determine the phase transformation progress of metastable phases into less soluble precipitates of the phosphates. It was proposed to compare calcium orthophosphates solubility products with calcium cations quantities in their formulas. It was found that there was a linear correlation between calcium orthophosphates specific solubility products and their molar ratios Ca/P if hydroxyapatite and its Ca-deficient forms were excluded from consideration. It was concluded that the relatively large deviations of their solubility products from the found correlation should be thought of as erroneous data. That is why solubility products were changed in accordance with correlation dependence: pKS for hydroxyapatite was 155, pKS for Ca-deficient hydroxyapatites was 114–155. The solubility isotherms, which were calculated on the basis of the corrected pKS values, coincided with the experimental data on solid-phase titration by Pan and Darvell.
Swellable Gelatin Methacryloyl Microneedles for Extraction of Interstitial Skin Fluid toward Minimally Invasive Monitoring of Urea.

Urea, the main nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism, is eliminated almost exclusively by the kidney, and hence, displays considerable clinical significance in the assessment of kidney disorders. The aim of this study is to prepare and investigate the potential of swellable cross-linked gelatin methacryloyl (c-GelMA) microneedles (MNs) as a platform for minimally invasive extraction of interstitial skin fluid (ISF) toward straightforward point-of-care healthcare monitoring of renal complaints, by quantification of urea. c-GelMA MNs are successfully prepared by photo-cross-linking and micromolding, faithfully replicating the master molds (387 ± 16 µm height, 200 µm base and 500 µm tip-to-tip distance). These MN patches display good mechanical properties, withstanding more than 0.15 N per needle without breaking. Ex vivo skin insertion assays reveal that the MNs penetrate up to 237 µm depth, reaching the dermis, where they should extract ISF considering a real application. In an in vitro application using an agarose skin model system, the c-GelMA MNs are able to efficiently recover urea (>98%). Additionally, these MNs exhibit noncytotoxic effects toward human keratinocytes. These findings suggest that c-GelMA MNs are promising devices for sampling ISF and offline analysis of urea, opening new avenues for simple point-of-care healthcare monitoring.
Real-time Monitoring of Suspended Particulate Matter in Indoor Air: Validation and Application of a Light-scattering Sensor

ABSTRACT Since the 1950s, awareness of the impact of air pollution on human health has been growing. Of the many recognized air pollutants, suspended particulate matter has received the most attention, as both PM2.5 and PM10 can affect humans upon inhalation. Consequently, PM monitoring is critical to linking indoor pollution and exposure, and a validated measuring instrument is essential. Portable monitors, which track temporal changes in the aerosol mass concentration in real time, are a faster alternative to offline gravimetric techniques, which provide only averaged values. Hence, this study evaluated the performance of the DustTrak DRX aerosol monitor in assessing indoor air quality and validated its ability to measure complex aerosols. Three DustTrak units were used to measure different aerosols, e.g., ambient air, polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and the results were compared to those obtained with the standard gravimetric method. Notably, the bias of the DustTrak relative to the gravimetric method for ETS measurements ranged from 2% to 15% when a photometric calibration factor (PCF) of 0.38 was applied. Additionally, the working range of the tested units was established, and the limits of detection and quantification were found to be 5 and 15 µg m–3, respectively. Finally, in order to serve as an alternative to the gravimetric method, these instruments must be accredited for PM measurement in accordance with standards such as ISO 17025.
The management of the shoulder skin microbiome (Cutibacterium acnes) in the context of shoulder surgery: a review of the current literature

Background This review aims to establish current knowledge of the shoulder skin microbiome and how to manage the bacteria that reside within it. Methods A review was undertaken of the current literature through OvidSP. All abstracts were reviewed by three independent researchers. Results Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. With forward referencing an additional 14 were included. None commented on organisms specific to the shoulder microbiome other than Cutibacterium acnes. Therefore, this review is focussed on the current knowledge of C. acnes. Discussion C. acnes is a skin commensal within the pilo-sebaceous glands reported to be the primary pathogen in up to 86% of shoulder joint infections. Pre-operative culture of unprepared skin can be indicative of underlying joint infection in shoulder arthroplasty revision. Intra-articular biopsies may have a high false positive due to skin contamination. Correlating the number of positive samples and certain associated signs can give a greater than 90% probability of a true infection. Standard surgical skin preparation, peri-surgical intravenous antibiotics and oral pre-operative antibiotics do not reduce bacterial load within the skin. However, topical benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin have both demonstrated significantly reduced bacteria load. Phylogenetically there are six main types. Patients may have more than one phenotype present during infection.
Economic Convergence in EU NUTS 3 Regions: A Spatial Econometric Perspective

The topic of economic convergence is still crucial in the European Union (EU) as promoting regional growth and the reduction of disparities remains a key objective. In this paper we investigate development and economic growth across EU regions. Particular attention is given to σ-convergence and β-convergence. These analyses are carried out for regional units corresponding to the third level of the NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) classification. Focusing on a refined geographical scale could offer a detailed picture of the regional growth dynamics within the EU. Additionally, we use a spatial augmented version of the conditional β-convergence model to take into account the spatial interdependencies among regions. Findings shed light on the impact of spatial interaction effects and on the need of territorial policies to achieve convergence in the EU. This aspect highlights how coordinating the regional development policies between regions is pivotal to achieve economic, as well as social and political stability within the EU.
Advanced studies of catalytic upgrading of heavy oils

Heavy oil and bitumen are known to constitute high-boiling molecules which gives them characteristic high viscosity, high density/low API gravity, low yields of fuel distillates, and high heteroatom content compared to light oil. Upgrading therefore refers to the breaking down of heavy oil into oil with similar characteristics as light crude oil. The toe-to-heel air injection (THAI) and its catalytic add-on CAPRI (CAtalytic upgrading PRocess \(In-situ\)) were developed to achieve this objective down-hole. In this study, the CAPRI process was explored with the objective of controlling catalyst deactivation due to coking while increasing the extent of upgrading. The effects of reaction temperature and weight hourly space velocity on the extent of upgrading were studied in the range of 350-425\(^o\)C and 9.1-28 h\(^-\)\(^1\), respectively. In order to control premature deactivation of the catalysts due to coke and metal deposition, the following were investigated activated carbon guard-bed on top of the catalyst bed, hydrogen-addition, steam environment as a source of hydrogen-donor, and nanoparticulate catalyst. It was found that high reaction temperature of 425\(^o\)C and lower WHSV (9.1 h\(^-\)\(^1\)) improved the cracking as well as increase API gravity (~3-7\(^o\)), viscosity reduction of (81.9 %), demetallisation (9.3-12.3 %), desulphurisation (5.3-6.6 %), and higher yield of fuel distillates, respectively compared to upgrading at 350 and 400\(^o\)C. In spite of the improvement in produced oil at 425 \(^o\)C, the carbon-rejection was high (51-56.6 wt.%) compared to (42-47.8 wt.%) and (48-50.3 wt.%) when reaction was carried out at 350 and 400\(^o\)C for 25 hours operations.
Tuning intrinsic ferromagnetic and anisotropic properties of the Janus VSeS monolayer

Motivated by the intrinsic ferromagnetic properties and high Curie temperature of V-based Janus dichalcogenide monolayers as a new class of 2D materials, we investigated the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the Janus VSeS monolayer by first-principles calculations. By focusing on the 2H phase, which is energetically more favorable than the 1T phase, we show that the spin orientation has a profound effect on the dynamical stability and electronic structure of the VSeS monolayer. Transition from non-magnetic to magnetic phase opens a band gap and switching from anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase eliminates imaginary modes of phonon dispersion and stabilizes the monolayer. Magnetic and anisotropic phase diagrams of the ferromagnetic VSeS monolayer are also studied under an applied biaxial strain. Tensile strain enhances the FM coupling by modifying through-bond and through-space interactions. Magnetic anisotropy energy is tunable by charge doping and a small carrier concentration can induce a transition from a ferromagnetic semiconductor to a half-metal. Moreover, by means of the 2D XY model, we estimate that the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) transition to a quasi-long-range ordered phase occurs at 83 K. We also simulate a vertical van der Waals heterostructure of VSeS/hBN to study not only the magnetic proximity effect, but also the magnetic properties of the VSeS monolayer on a substrate. The results indicate that the heterostructure is a ferromagnetic semiconductor and the VSeS monolayer preserves its magnetic properties, demonstrating high potential for application in spintronics.
Active sport event participants’ behavioural intentions: Leveraging outcomes for future attendance and visitation

A key concern for event organisers and community leaders is how events can be leveraged for repeat visitation to the destination and event. This study investigated how sport event and destination attributes influence behavioural intentions of active sport tourists and further discussed how this knowledge can be leveraged by the sport event and destination marketers to attain positive business outcomes, namely repeat event participation, repeat destination visitation, and positive word of mouth. A survey of 649 active sport event participants was conducted. The analysis revealed that event and destination attributes had both direct and indirect effects on behavioural intentions of active sport tourists. Implications for leveraging behaviour outcomes for future attendance and visitation are discussed.
Templates of Ethnographic Writing in Organization Studies: Beyond the Hegemony of the Detective Story

Using a translation lens, we explore templates for writing ethnography in organization studies and their evolution over time through the analysis of all ethnographic papers published in the premier journal Administrative Science Quarterly, 1956-2018. We found three templates of ethnographic writing. Few early ethnographic papers resemble travelogues, as they use theory to explain a unique case based on firsthand experiences of the author. Most studies read like detective stories, using extensive, quantified data from a case and systematically analyzing it to advance theory. This template has remained predominant over time. Finally, some ethnographic papers read like postmodern detective stories, in that they attempt to create knowledge from lived experience, while also hinting at the partiality of this knowledge. This template appeared around the turn of the century but is today rare. The overall low number of ethnographies and the lasting hegemony of the ethnography as detective story template reflect the strict disciplining of ethnography into the emulation of positivist research, constraining knowledge creation in organization studies. We conclude by offering researchers some strategies to recover the strengths of templates available in the past to broaden the boundaries of existing norms for writing ethnography today.
Bacterial ghosts presenting fertility proteins for induction of immunocontraception in possum

Ziel dieser vorliegenden Arbeit war die Produktion eines immunocontrazeptiven Impfstoffes auf Basis des Bacterial Ghost Systems, um die Opossum (Trichosurus vulpecula) Wildpopulation Neuseelands einzudammen. Fur die Herstellung eines fertilitatskontrollierenden Impfstoffes wurden zunachst vier unterschiedliche Ziel-Sequenzen ausgewahlt: ZP2C, Zona Pellucida Protein 2, C-terminale Sequenz ZP2Copt, Zona Pellucida Protein, mit optimiertem Codon fur E. coli Expression Cp4, Coat Protein 4 des Conceptus Vap1, Vesicle Associated Protein 1 der fruhen Oogenese Die vier oben genannten immunologischen Sequenzen wurden in E. coli produziert, wobei die jeweilige Ziel-Sequenz in den periplasmatischen Raum transportiert wurde. Anschliesend wurden die Bakterien durch E-gesteuerte Lyse in Bacterial Ghosts uberfuhrt. BG-Impfstoffe, stimulieren auf naturliche Weise das Immunsystem, ohne dass weitere Adjuvanten benotigt werden. Durch die Anwendung der sogenannten Impfstoffe in Opossums soll das Immunsystem der Tiere angeregt werden um eine humorale sowie zellulare Immunantwort gegen die verwendeten Ziel-Proteine zu induzieren.
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIKA MAHASISWA DITINJAU DARI CARA KERJA OTAK YANG DOMINAN

The study of student's mathematical communication skills in terms of the workings of the dominant brain aims to see the mathematical communication skills of students who are dominant right brain and students who are dominant left brain. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with 18 research subjects who are students of Mathematics Tadris who program Linear Algebra. Data collection techniques used are the provision of characteristic identification tests and tests of mathematical communication skills. The results of the study indicate descriptively that the written communication of the right brain dominant group is better than the left brain group and the oral communication of the left brain dominant group is better than the right brain group.
International Optimism: Correlates and Consequences of Dispositional Optimism across 61 Countries.

OBJECTIVE The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. METHOD Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables. RESULTS Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to GDP per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances. CONCLUSIONS While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.
Essays in environmental and political economics

Much of the time, polluting firms lobby against environmental protection, but there are major exceptions to this rule, for example in the regulation of both ozone and greenhouse gases. Political support from firms can be pivotal for governments trying to protect the environment. I offer an explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting firms behave as they do in order to steal market share from their rivals. I develop a model in which a polluting firm makes a clean technology investment and then lobbies successfully for strong environmental protection, since this will shift market share away from its rival who has not made the clean investment. The key result concerns the impact of lobbying on the equilibrium outcome: for a region of the parameter space, it is only because of firms’ lobbying that environmental protection is achieved. This is because lobbying increases a firm’s returns to going green, by increasing the market share it can steal. The net effect of this distortion is an increase in welfare.
The effect of different oxidation and filtration processes on the molecular size distribution of humic material

The effect of different oxidation and filtration processes on the amount and character of organic matter in drinking water was studied. TOC, KMnO 4 value, colour and fractions of humic material were analyzed from bank filtrated lake water, chemically coagulated and sand filtrated water, ozonated, O 3 /H 2 O 2 treated, chlorinated, granular activated carbon (GAC) filtrated and nanofiltrated water. Size exclusion chromatography was used to separate different fractions of humic molecules. Six different fractions were found from bank filtrated lake water and from chemically coagulated and sand filtrated water. The molecular weight of humic fractions ranged from about 1000 (the last fraction) to about 100 000 dalton (the first fraction). Most of the humic molecules of bank filtrated lake water were found in the third and fourth fractions. After the oxidation and filtration processes the first fraction of humic molecules disappeared completely and the fourth and fifth fractions dominated. The total sum of the humic fractions was most effectively reduced after the O 3 /H 2 O 2 treatment, by about 70%.
Performance implication of supplier relationship quality: a structural analysis

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of supplier relationship quality on curtailing opportunism and promoting cooperation between the exchange partners. It also investigates the contingent impact of contract specificity on the relationships and assesses performance implications of relationship quality for both buyer and its major supplier in the exchange.Design/methodology/approachConfirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were performed based on data collected from manufacturers in a survey. The hypotheses were tested using path analysis.FindingsThe findings of this study indicate a pivotal role of supplier relationship quality in suppressing opportunism and enhancing cooperation between exchange parties, which lead to dyadic performance. Furthermore, the effect of supplier relationship quality is strengthened by contract specificity.Originality/valueThis study adds value to the existing streams of studies in several ways. First, informed by the nexus of relational capital theory and transaction cost economics, the authors emphasize the pivotal role of relationship quality in curtailing opportunism and fostering cooperation and the moderating effect of contract specificity on the above linkages. Second, this study provides empirical evidence of the mechanism of the effect of contract specificity on opportunism and cooperation.
Numerical Study of the Interaction between a Reinforced Concrete Pile and Soil

This paper proposes a numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of a reinforced concrete pile foundation under an axial load. In fact, the foundation of a structure represents the essential structural part of it, because it ensures its bearing capacity. Among the types of foundation, deep foundation is the one for which from a mechanical point of view, the justification takes into account the isolated or combined effects of base resistance offered by the soil bed and lateral friction at the soil-pile interface; the latter being the consequence of a large contact surface with the surrounding soil; hence the need to study the interaction between the soil and the pile in service, in order to highlight the characteristics of soil which influence the mechanical behavior of pile and therefore the stability of the structure. In this study, the reinforced concrete pile is supposed to be elastic, and characterized by a young’s modulus (E) and a Poisson’s ratio (ν). The soil obeys to a Camclay model characterized by a cohesion (c), an initial voids ratio (e0), shearing resistance angle (φ) and a pre-consolidation pressure (P0). A joint model with a Mohr Coulomb behavior characterizes the soil-pile interface. The loading is carrying out by imposing a vertical monotonic displacement at the head of pile. The results in terms of stress and displacement show that the bearing capacity of the pile is influenced by various soils characteristics, it appears that the vertical stress and the force mobilized at rupture increase when the initial pre_consolidation pressure, the cohesion and the internal friction angle of soil increase; and when the initial soil voids index decreases.