Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Over-the-Horizon Radar Multipath and Multisensor Track Fusion Algorithm Development

Abstract : Over-the horizon radar (OTHR) and microwave radar networks can together generate track data over a wide surveillance region. However the data is often subject to ambiguity and uncertainty due to the complexities of the HF signal propagation environment, which give rise to multipath OTHR tracks, as well as ambiguities in target associations between multiple microwave radars. This report describes an association and fusion algorithm which deals with both sources of uncertainty. The algorithm is capable of fusing OTHR multipath tracks and non-OTHR tracks (e.g. microwave radar or GPS), as well as dealing with multipath tracks from OTHR networks. The algorithm achieves this through a very general, model based, approach which deals with multipath effects as well as asynchronicity between sources of data. Importantly, the approach incorporates track history in its computation of association probabilities and fused estimate calculations, thus exploiting temporal as well as instantaneous spatial relationships between tracks.
Current Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malignancy, with increasing incidence over the past several decades. The majority of patients with HCC present with advanced unresectable disease, making treatment options with curative intent limited and survival outlooks dismal. Systemic therapy with sorafenib had been traditionally used, with marginal benefit. Immunotherapy, successfully used to treat other malignant tumors, has recently been shown to be safe and well tolerated and to have promising long-term outcomes in patients with advanced HCC. We herein review the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) from major clinical trials, summarize predictors of treatment response, and highlight adverse events related to ICI treatment. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver tumor. As a result of advanced disease being often present at diagnosis, only a small percentage of patients are amenable to curative-intent treatment options such as surgical resection and liver transplantation. Systemic therapy consisting of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib had been used for over a decade with limited efficacy. More recently, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment landscape of various malignant tumors. With this shifting paradigm, recent data have demonstrated encouraging outcomes among patients with HCC. In particular, several trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of various immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) either as monotherapy or in the form of combined treatments. We sought to provide an overview of recent clinical trials among patients with advanced HCC as well as to highlight predictors of response and immune-related adverse events and to review the evidence on perioperative administration of ICI in patients with resectable HCC.
UC Merced Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society

There is ample empirical evidence that children can sometimes learn during the course of even a few experimental trials. We propose that one mechanism for this is the use of analogical generalizations constructed in working memory, producing what we call interim generalizations . Prior research suggests that such generalizations can be constructed when there is high similarity between closely spaced items. This paper describes how structure-mapping simulations can be adapted to capture this phenomenon, using automatically encoded stimuli. It is an advance over prior models in that it automatically detects when rerepresentation should be tried and carries it out to improve its performance
of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title The Onset of Syntactic Bootstrapping in Word Learning : Evidence from a Computational Study

The syntactic bootstrapping hypothesis suggests that children’s verb learning is guided by the structural cues that the linguistic context provides. However, the onset of syntactic bootstrapping in word learning is not well studied. To investigate the impact of linguistic information on word learning during early stages of language acquisition, we use a computational model of learning syntactic constructions from usage data, and adapt it to the task of identifying target words in novel situations. Our results show that having access to linguistic information significantly improves performance in identifying verbs (but not nouns) in later stages of learning, yet no such effect can be observed in earlier stages.
Boundary lubrication of formulated C-ethers in air to 300 C

SUMMARY OF RESULTS The friction and wear of CVM M-50 steel lubricated with three C-ether formula-tions (phosphorus ester additives) in dry (<100 ppm HgO) and wet air (RH 50 percent at25° C (77° F)) were determined using a ball-on-disk sliding friction apparatus. Disktemperature range was 25° to 300° C (77° to 572° F). Other conditions were a1-kilogram load (initial Hertz stress, 1x10 N/sq m), a 17-meter-per-minute (100 rpm)sliding speed, and a 25-minute test duration. Results were compared to those obtainedwith a formulated Type II ester and the C-ether base fluid. The major results were thefollowing:1. The three C-ether formulations and the C-ether base fluid yielded lower wearthan the Type II ester over the entire temperature range in both wet and dry air.2. In dry air the three C-ether formulations yielded lower wear than the C-etherbase fluid from 100° to 300° C (212° to 572° F) but essentially the same wear from25° to 100° C (77° to 212° F). In wet air the three formulations yielded lower wear thanthe base fluid from 150° to 300° C (302° to 572° F) but higher wear from 25° to 150° C(77° to 302° F). 3. All C-ether fluids exhibited slightly higher coefficients of friction than the Type IIester from 150° to 300° C (302° to 572° F). No differences were noted from 25° to150° C (77° to 302° F). 4. In general, lower wear rates were observed with the C-ethers when tested in awet air (RH 50 percent at 25° C (77° F)) as compared to a dry air (<100 ppm H
Recurrent varicose veins: A varicographic analysis leading to a new practical classification

The varicograms of 128 legs were reviewed by a panel of two vascular surgeons and a radiologist with a specialist vascular interest. Varicography effectively elucidates the anatomical basis of recurrence. Recurrent varicose veins were associated with (i) technically unsatisfactory surgery at the saphenofemoral junction (66 per cent) and (ii) failure to remove the long saphenous vein in the thigh (60 per cent). A new classification is offered as a basis for comparison of series, audit and surgical training.
Arteriovenous Malformations: Classification to Cure

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent one of the most surgically challenging disease entities that neurosurgeons face. With the addition of endovascular techniques and stereotactic radiosurgery to our armamentarium, the management of cerebral AVMs has evolved over time. In 1986, the Spetzler-Martin grading system was introduced to assist in the complex decision-making process for how to manage AVMs. The routine use of this grading system at our institution has paralleled the evolution in our management of AVMs, and a treatment paradigm has emerged. In this review, we highlight the natural history and management strategies for this disease and discuss a recent simplification of the original classification system.
Atypical Manifestations of Dengue Fever ( DF ) – Where Do We Stand Today ?

keywords: Atypical manifestations, Dengue fever, Hepatitis, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Dengue fever (DF) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. With growing population, rapid urbanization and lack of appropriate sanitary measures, prolifer­ ation of mosquitoes and subsequent dengue infections have increased rampantly with an estimated 30­fold increase in incid­ ence over last five decades. With rising disease burden, atypical manifestations have increased as well, which are missed most often due to lack of awareness. Our aim was to look for the atypical manifestations of dengue fever.
Single World Intervention Graphs ( SWIGs ) : A Unification of the Counterfactual and Graphical Approaches to Causality

We present a simple graphical theory unifying causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and potential (aka counterfactual) outcomes via a node-splitting transformation. We introduce a new graph, the Single-World Intervention Graph (SWIG). The SWIG encodes the counterfactual independences associated with a specific hypothetical intervention on the set of treatment variables. The nodes on the SWIG are the corresponding counterfactual random variables. We illustrate the theory with a number of examples. Our graphical theory of SWIGs may be used to infer the counterfactual independence relations implied by the counterfactual models developed in Robins (1986, 1987). Moreover, in the absence of hidden variables, the joint distribution of the counterfactuals is identified; the identifying formula is the extended g-computation formula introduced in (Robins et al., 2004). Although Robins (1986, 1987) did not use DAGs we translate his algebraic results to facilitate understanding of this prior work. An attractive feature of Robins’ approach is that it largely avoids making counterfactual independence assumptions that are experimentally untestable. As an important illustration we revisit the critique of Robins’ g-computation given in (Pearl, 2009, Ch. 11.3.7); we use SWIGs to show that all of Pearl’s claims are either erroneous or based on misconceptions. We also show that simple extensions of the formalism may be used to accommodate dynamic regimes, and to formulate non-parametric structural equation models in which assumptions relating to the absence of direct effects are formulated at the population level. Finally, we show that our graphical theory also naturally arises in the context of an expanded causal Bayesian network in which we are able to observe the natural state of a variable prior to intervention.
Co-sampling: Training Robust Networks for Extremely Noisy Supervision

Training robust deep networks is challenging under noisy labels. Current methodologies focus on estimating the noise transition matrix. However, this matrix is not easy to be estimated exactly. In this paper, free of the matrix estimation, we present a simple but robust learning paradigm called "Co-sampling", which can train deep networks robustly under extremely noisy labels. Briefly, our paradigm trains two networks simultaneously. In each mini-batch data, each network samples its small-loss instances, and cross-trains on such instances from its peer network. We conduct experiments on several simulated noisy datasets. Empirical results demonstrate that, under extremely noisy labels, the Co-sampling approach trains deep learning models robustly.
Do Immigrants Cause Crime

We examine the empirical relationship between immigration and crime across Italian provinces during the period 1990-2003. Drawing on police administrative records, we first document that the size of the immigrant population is positively correlated with the incidence of property crimes and with the overall crime rate. Then, we use instrumental variables based on immigration toward destination countries other than Italy to identify the causal impact of exogenous changes in Italy's immigrant population. According to these estimates, immigration increases only the incidence of robberies, while leaving unaffected all other types of crime. Since robberies represent a very minor fraction of all criminal offenses, the effect on the overall crime rate is not significantly different from zero.
Pirfenidone treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a discrete clinicopathologic entity defined by the presence of usual interstitial pneumonia on high-resolution CT scan and/or open lung biopsy and the absence of an alternate diagnosis or exposure explaining these findings. There are currently no FDA-approved therapies available to treat this disease, and the 5-year mortality is ∼ 80%. The pyridone derivative pirfenidone has been studied extensively as a possible therapeutic agent for use in this deadly disease. This review will present the unique clinical features and management issues encountered by physicians caring for IPF patients, including the poor response to conventional therapy. The biochemistry and preclinical efficacy of pirfenidone will be discussed along with a comprehensive review of the clinical efficacy, safety, and side effects and patient-centered foci such as quality of life and tolerability. It is hoped that this information will lend insight into the complex issues surrounding the use of pirfenidone in IPF and lead to further investigation of this agent as a possible therapy in this devastating disease.
Multi-criteria decision analysis: Methods to define and evaluate socially responsible investments

Originally being a niche strategy followed by few investors, socially responsible investing (SRI) now represents a significant part of the assets under management. After summarizing empirical evidence on the performance of SRI funds, we present four challenges that are facing the further development of SRI and point to multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) as the methodological framework that could help overcome these challenges. A first group of challenges calls for the development of a social performance indicator, which can score and classify mutual funds with respect to social responsibility. Another challenge requires a transparent tool for retail investors interested in SRI to learn about their SRI preferences. Reviewing the three schools of available MCDA methods, we present a concrete approach for future research in building such a social performance indicator and a retail investor tool for SRI.
Distinguishing black-hole spin-orbit resonances by their gravitational-wave signatures

If binary black holes form following the successive core collapses of sufficiently massive binary stars, precessional dynamics may align their spins, S1 and S2, and the orbital angular momentum L into a plane in which they jointly precess about the total angular momentum J. These spin orientations are known as spin-orbit resonances since S1, S2, and L all precess at the same frequency to maintain their planar configuration. Two families of such spin-orbit resonances exist, differentiated by whether the components of the two spins in the orbital plane are either aligned or antialigned. The fraction of binary black holes in each family is determined by the stellar evolution of their progenitors, so if gravitational-wave detectors could measure this fraction they could provide important insights into astrophysical formation scenarios for binary black holes. In this paper, we show that even under the conservative assumption that binary black holes are observed along the direction of J (where precession-induced modulations to the gravitational waveforms are minimized), the waveforms of many members of each resonant family can be distinguished from all members of the other family in events with signal-to-noise ratios ρ≃10, typical of those expected for the first detections with Advanced LIGO and Virgo. We hope that our preliminary findings inspire a greater appreciation of the capability of gravitational-wave detectors to constrain stellar astrophysics and stimulate further studies of the distinguishability of spin-orbit resonant families in more expanded regions of binary black-hole parameter space.
Investigation of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine in surge decay using CFD

ABSTRACT The hydrodynamic damping estimation of the surge motion and the flow characteristics of a moored semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine is the focus of this paper. The numerical surge decay tests were investigated using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes solver. Solution verification on the numerical simulations was performed by estimation of the numerical errors and uncertainties. A linear stiffness matrix and a non-linear quasi-static mooring model were used in the equations of motion. Several surge decay simulations were performed to understand the effects of wave radiation, coupled motions and non-linear moorings on the hydrodynamic damping and the flow field around the floater. The numerical results were compared with experimental data. The free surface had major effects on the hydrodynamic damping and the flow field.
Sociodemographic and pharmacotherapeutic profile of Psychosocial Care Centers III Alcohol and Drugs users

Almeida FM, Souza MKS, Souza LM, Valença DF, Alves MS, Santos AC, et al. Sociodemographic and pharmacotherapeutic profile of Psychosocial Care Centers III Alcohol and Drugs users. SMAD, Rev Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool Drog. 2023 Apr-June;19(2):95-107 [cited day month year ]. Available from: URL . https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad. 2023.201959 SMAD, Rev. Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool Drog. 2023 Apr-June;19(2):95-107 DOI: 10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad. 2023.201959 www.revistas. usp.br/smad/
Osteomyelitis or Septic Arthritis-Child (Excluding Axial Skeleton)

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level US area of interest Usually Appropriate O Radiography area of interest Usually Appropriate Varies MRI area of interest without and with IV contrast Usually Appropriate O MRI extremity area of interest without and with IV contrast Usually Appropriate O MRI area of interest without IV contrast May Be Appropriate O MRI extremity area of interest without IV contrast May Be Appropriate O MRI whole body without and with IV contrast May Be Appropriate (Disagreement) O MRI whole body without IV contrast May Be Appropriate O CT area of interest with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate Varies CT area of interest without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate Varies
Patient and Health Care Provider Perspectives on Potential Preventability of Hospital Admission for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Qualitative Study

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent chronic disease partly characterised by the occurrence of acute exacerbations (AECOPD). The need for hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations could theoretically be decreased through timely and appropriate outpatient care or self-management. The aim of this study is to explore and compare patients’ and health care providers’ (HCP) perspectives on the potential preventability of COPD hospitalisations and to identify strategies to prevent unnecessary hospitalisations. Patients and Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients admitted for an AECOPD (N = 11), HCPs on the respiratory ward (N = 11), and treating pulmonologists (N = 10). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic content analysis. Results: Patient and HCP perspectives on the potential preventability of hospital admissions for AECOPD often conflict. The kappa coefficients were −0.18 [95% CI: −0.46–0.11] for patients and pulmonologists and −0.28 [95% CI: −0.80–0.21] for patients and HCPs, which indicates poor agreement. The kappa coefficient for pulmonologists and HCPs was 0.14 [95% CI: −0.13–0.41], which indicates slight agreement. Patient and HCP factors that could potentially prevent hospitalisation for AECOPD were identified, including timely calling for help, recognizing and acting on symptoms, and receiving instruction about COPD, including treatment and action plans. Conclusion: Patients and their HCPs have different beliefs about the potential preventability of AECOPD hospitalisations. Most patients and HCPs mentioned factors that potentially could have led to a different outcome for the current AECOPD or that could impact the patient’s health status and treatment of AECOPDs in the future. The factors identified in this study indicate that shared decision making is crucial to center the patient’s perspective and individual needs and to provide timely treatment or prevention of AECOPD, thereby potentially decreasing hospital admission rates.
Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Self- efficacy and Perinatal Outcomes Gestasyonel Diyabetes Mellitus Yönetimi: Öz-etkililik ve Perinatal Sonuçlar

J Curr Pediatr 2015;13:209-15 Öz Bu derlemenin amacı gestasyonel diyabetin yönetiminde öz-etkililiğin perinatal sonuçlar üzerindeki etkisi hakkında bilgi vermektir. Gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus (GDM) anne ve fetüs/yenidoğan sağlığı açısından potansiyel olumsuz sonuçları nedeniyle önemli bir sağlık problemidir. GDM’nin tedavisi ve yakın monitörizasyon gebe kadın ve bebeğinin uzun dönem sağlığı için önemlidir. Dahası gebelikte maternal metabolik kontrol, kadınlarda tip II diyabet gelişme riskinin geciktirmenin yanısıra çocuklarda da obezite ve tip II diyabet gelişme riskini geciktirmektedir. GDM’li kadınlarda öz-etkililik ve sağlık davranışlarını benimseme konusunda birkaç çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, kilo kaybı, egzersiz, diyet ve kendi kendine kan glukozu kontrolü gibi sağlığı geliştirme davranışlarının diyabet gelişme riskini azalttığını gösteren güçlü kanıtlar vardır. Gestasyonel diyabetli kadınlarda diyabetin erken tanısı ve önlenmesinde yaşam biçimi değişiklikleri (kilo kaybı, egzersiz, diyet vb.), hekim izlemi ve postpartum glukoz taraması gereklidir. Abstract The purpose of this review is to give knowledge about effects on perinatal outcomes of self-efficacy in management of gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant health concern due to the potentially adverse outcomes for the mother and the fetus/infant. Close monitoring and treatment of GDM are important to the long-term health of a pregnant woman and her baby. More over, maternal metabolic control during pregnancy may positively impact women’s risk of later onset of type II diabetes and the risk of obesity and type II diabetes in their children. There are few studies which focus on selfefficacy and adoption of health behaviors in women with GDM; however, there is strong evidence demonstrating that health promotion behavior such as weight loss, exercise, healthy diet and self-monitoring blood glucose concentrations will decrease the risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition, lifestyle modifications (e.g. weight loss, healthy diet, and exercise), compliance with physician appointments, and postpartum glucose screening are essential for early diagnosis and prevention of DM in women with GDM.