Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addiction of Smartphones and Its Relationship to Academic Achievement of Medical Students in Saudi Arabia,2022

Abstract Background: Smartphones and their increasing capabilities have helped humans communicate and perform many tasks, leading to dependency; it may negatively affect everyone, especially students. Objectives: To assess smartphone addiction and its relationship to academic performance among medical students at King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2022, including students of the College of Medicine at King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data collection tool was structured and utilized an electronic survey. Results: A total of 330 participants answered the study questionnaire. The most common age range of study participants was 18-28 years, with 64.2% of the study sample. Male participants represented 63%. The study income is less than 5,000 riyals, 54.5% per month. Analysis of the study results shows a statistically significant correlation between phone addiction and a decrease in the academic performance of college students. Most students (65%) believe using smartphones helps them study more efficiently. Conclusion: Our study found a significant correlation between phone addiction and a drop in academic performance. Despite its attractiveness, smartphone addiction is a time waster for students that might disrupt their sleep and causes stress. It is, therefore, necessary to create a comprehensive plan that directs the students toward balanced use.
Genome-wide Associations, Polygenic Risk, and Mendelian Randomization Reveal Limited Interactions between John Henryism and Cynicism

Chronic occupational stress and an individual's reaction to that stress often lead to burnout syndrome. We sought to use genetics to evaluate what, if any, interactions exist between John Henryism (JH) and cynicism in hopes of clarifying holistic risk factors of burnout syndrome. We performed genome-wide association studies in a discover phase with 1,852 samples and validated associations in a replication phase of 465 samples, both from the CARDIA study, and used supervised machine learning to developing genetic risk algorithms. We identified 933 genetic associations and developed a classification algorithm for high cynicism using machine learning with areas under the receiver operator characteristics curve greater than 0.7. We found significant genetic components to these traits but no evidence of an interaction between JH and cynicism, so while there may be a genetic risk component, JH does not appear to contribute to burnout risk.
Anomalous transport produced by kinetic Alfvén wave turbulence

Alfven wave turbulence is shown to produce anomalous transport phenomena if the wavelength in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field is comparable to the ion gyroradius. Because the scale length of the Alfven wave turbulence is much larger than that of electrostatic waves, such anomalous transport phenomena play crucial roles in a large-scale plasma such as the plasma in space. Applications to diffusion of radiation particles and ring current, heating of plasmapause electrons, and formation of the stable auroral red arcs as well as viscous interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere are discussed.
The delay effect on reaction–diffusion equations

In this work we study a reaction–diffusion problem with delay and we make an analysis of the stability of solutions by means of bifurcation theory. We take the delay constant as a parameter. Special conditions on the vector field assure existence of a spatially nonconstant positive equilibrium Uk , which is stable for small values of the delay. An increase of the delay destabilizes the equilibrium of Uk and leads to super or subcritical Hopf bifurcation. Dedicated to Professor José Geraldo Dos Reis. E-mail: mabena@ffclrp.usp. br
Thin film evolution: Dewetting dynamics of a bimodal molecular system

Deposition of submonolayer coverages of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide onto NaCl(001) results in the bimodal growth of coexisting square and needle-shaped islands. The epitaxy of each island type was determined from molecular and atomic resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy images. Postdeposition, the needle islands grow while the square islands disappear completely within days. This is characterized as a dewetting transition, the dynamics of which has been described and empirically fit to the monomolecular growth model, a model typically applied to biological growth.
Further insights into self-similarity and self-preservation in freely decaying isotropic turbulence

An investigation of some open issues in homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) decay is proposed in the present paper. More specifically, several apparent paradoxical or controversial issues, among which the existence of solutions satisfying complete self-similarity and complete self-preservation, are investigated via theoretical analysis and numerical results. The investigated range of Reynolds numbers encompasses values from Reλ = 10−4 to Reλ = 105, which are far beyond capabilities of existing wind tunnels and DNS. Thus, this analysis offers an almost unique opportunity to cover at the same time all possible decay regimes, from the high-Reynolds initial decay period to the low-Reynolds final decay period. The numerical analysis of such an extended range of Reλ is achieved by the use of the Eddy-Damped Quasi-Normal Markovian (EDQNM) model. Moreover, the high versatility of this model enabled a complete screening of HIT decay in terms of the initial conditions, and in particular the influence of the slope of the energy spectrum at large scales so that σ ∈ [1,4], E(k → 0) ∼ kσ has been extensively investigated. The analysis of the Lin equation shows that a complete self-similar decay regime occurs for σ = 1 only, and that all existing theories, including George’s theory, collapse in this case. Moreover, numerical results indicate that HIT does not lose memory of its initial conditions, i.e. no universal asymptotic behaviour derived by fixed-point analysis is recovered after very long time decay. As a confirmation, it is shown that a decay regime such that occurs for σ = 1 only, and from the initial time. Consequently, results of the fixed-point analysis of equations must not be considered as the evidence of a possible universal asymptotic behaviour, as they are valid in the sole case σ = 1.
Voyager electron density measurements on Saturn: Analysis with a time dependent ionospheric model

We have used a one-dimensional chemical diffusive model of the ionosphere, in conjunction with the measured Voyager ultraviolet spectrometer (UVS) upper atmospheric temperature and composition structure, to analyze the Voyager measurements of Saturn's upper ionospheric electron densities. Electron density measurements are available from the analysis of the radio science (RSS) experiments. In addition, if interpreted as an atmospheric phenomenon the Saturn electrostatic discharges (SED), detected by the Voyager planetary radio astronomy instrument, the measurements also yield important information on electron densities at the peak. These latter data suggest a strong day-to-night variation in the peak electron densities with a maximum of ∼5 × 105 cm−3 near noon and a minimum of ∼103 cm−3 near midnight. The analysis of RSS data yields a peak of ∼104 cm−3 in the electron density profiles near the local terminators. As with simpler ionospheric models, we find serious difficulties in interpreting these electron density measurements because time constants in the model for the chemical sinks in the ionosphere, of mostly H+ ions, are >106 s much longer than a Saturnian day, suggesting little diurnal variation. We have investigated the effects of H2 vibrational excitation (characterized by a single vibrational temperature) and a gaseous H2O influx from Saturn's rings, as enhancers of plasma recombination, since they result in the conversion of slowly recombining H+ ions to more rapidly recombining molecular ions. This does introduce a larger diurnal variation in the peak electron densities, but not as strong as that deduced from the analysis of SED measurements. Furthermore, it also reduces the magnitude of the electron densities at the peak well below that inferred from the SED data. Based on the model results and extrapolation of calculations by Kim and Fox [1991] from Jupiter, we suggest that SEDs may not be associated with atmospheric storm systems. In our attempt to interpret the RSS measurements of electron density profile at sunrise, we have invoked an upward field-aligned drift, H2 vibrational excitation and an influx of H2O to explain the results, and, in particular, maintain plasma peak at the measured altitude.
Dynamical Model Simulation of the Morning Boundary Layer Development in Deep Mountain Valleys

Abstract A dry, two-dimensional version of the Colorado State University Multi-dimensional Cloud/Mesoscale Model was used to study the cross-valley evolution of the wind and temperature structures in an idealized east-west oriented mountain valley. Two simulations were performed, one in which the valley was heated symmetrically and a second in which a mid-latitude heating distribution was imposed. Both runs were initiated identically with a stable layer filling the valley to ridgetop and a neutral layer above the ridge. A specified sinusoidal surface potential temperature flux function approximating the diurnal cycle forced the model at the lower boundary. The results of the two simulations were remarkably similar. The model realistically reproduced the gross features found in actual valleys in both structure and timing. The simulated inversions were destroyed three and one-half hours after sunrise as a result of a neutral layer growing up from the surface meeting a descending inversion top. Slope winds w.
URGENSI STRATEGI PROMOSI DAN

Objectives - This study aims to determine the factors that influence Muzakki's interest in paying zakat in Baznas Langkat Regency either partially or simultaneously. Methods - This study uses field research by conducting a survey of 95 people with a cluster random sampling approach. A regression test was conducted to determine the effect of religiosity, self-awareness and trust on muzakki's interest in paying zakat. Results - The results showed that the influence of religiosity and awareness partially had a significant positive effect on Muzakki's interest in paying zakat in Baznas, Langkat Regency. The effect of self-awareness on Muzakki's interest in paying zakat shows self-awareness. Meanwhile, trust shows an insignificant number, which means it does not affect interest in paying zakat in a positive direction. Limitations
A 2.2 micron survey in the L1630 molecular cloud

A 2.2 micron survey of a significant portion of the L1630 molecular cloud was carried out using the NOAO infrared array camera on the Kitt Peak 1.3 m telescope. This survey is estimated to be complete to 13th magnitude at K, which corresponds to a main-sequence star of about 0.6 solar mass. Therefore this survey has provided a sensitive census of the young stellar objects within this molecular cloud. As a result, 912 sources having m(K) less than 13.0 have been detected. It is estimated that 50 percent of these sources are associated with the molecular cloud. These sources are not distributed uniformly throughout the surveyed region but rather appear grouped or clustered. In fact, four embedded infrared clusters were identified. These clusters contain at least 58 percent but possibly as much as 96 percent of the total number of sources associated with this molecular cloud suggesting that the dominant mode of star formation in this region is in clusters. 46 refs.
Categorization of tinnitus listeners with a focus on cochlear synaptopathy

Tinnitus is a complex and not yet fully understood phenomenon. Often the treatments provided are effective only for subgroups of sufferers. We are presently not able to predict benefit with the currently available diagnostic tools and analysis methods. Being able to identify and specifically treat sub-categories of tinnitus would help develop and implement more targeted treatments with higher success rate. In this study we use a clustering analysis based on 17 predictors to cluster an audiologically homogeneous group of normal hearing participants, both with and without tinnitus. The predictors have been chosen to be either tinnitus-specific measures or measures that are thought to be connected to cochlear synaptopathy. Our aim was to identify a subgroup of participants with characteristics consistent with the current hypothesized impact of cochlear synaptopathy. Our results show that this approach can separate the listeners into different clusters. But not in all cases could the tinnitus sufferers be separated from the control group. Another challenge is the use of categorical measures which seem to dominate the importance analysis of the factors. The study showed that data-driven clustering of a homogeneous listener group based on a mixed set of experimental outcome measures is a promising tool for tinnitus sub-typing, with the caveat that sample sizes might need to be sufficiently high, and higher than in the present study, to keep a meaningful sample size after clustering.
Ion acoustic-like waves triggered by nonlinear circularly polarized waves in the presence of an alpha particle beam

[1] We consider a fast solar wind-type plasma consisting of electrons, a protons background, and a much more tenuous alpha particle beam. It is shown that such system is unstable against ion acoustic-like waves triggered by finite-amplitude left-hand polarized waves propagating in the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field. The ion acoustic-like waves have similar properties to those found in a plasma with a much denser proton beam (Gomberoff, 2006b). Although the alpha particle beam is much more tenuous than the proton beam, the system is equally able to trigger ion acoustic-like waves. Therefore we believe that this effect should be taken into account in the evolution of the fast solar wind.
Numerical simulations of rotors, hydraulic jumps and eddy shedding in the Falkland Islands

High‐resolution three‐dimensional simulations of flows over East Falkland, South Atlantic, are presented. With a temperature inversion upwind, lee waves, rotors and hydraulic jumps are found to occur, giving rise to highly unsteady phenomena such as wakes and eddy shedding. Such flows are known to represent a significant hazard to aviation. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
A Multiyear Photometric Study of IC 348

The extremely young cluster IC 348 has been monitored photometrically over five observing seasons from 1998 December to 2003 March in Cousins I with a 0.6 m telescope at Van Vleck Observatory. Twenty-eight periodic variables and 16 irregular variables have been identified. The variability study is most sensitive for stars with I < 14.3 mag; at that brightness level, we find that 24 of the 27 known pre–main-sequence (PMS) cluster members in the monitored field are variables, illustrating the value of photometric monitoring for identifying PMS cluster members. Among this brighter sample, 14 of the 16 known K or M-type weak-line T Tauri stars (WTTS) were found to be periodic variables, while all five of the known classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) were found to be irregular variables. In the full sample, which includes 150 stars with I as faint as 18, we find that 40% of the 63 WTTS are detected as variables, nearly all of them periodic, while 55% of the 20 CTTS are also detected as variable, with none of them periodic. Our study suggests that 80%–90% of all WTTS in young clusters will be detected as periodic variables given sufficiently precise and extended monitoring, whereas CTTS will reveal themselves primarily or solely as irregular variables. This has clear consequences for PMS rotational studies based on photometric periods, suggesting that any such sample may be biased against stars that are currently actively accreting (i.e., CTTS). We examine the stability of the periodic light curves from season to season. All periodic stars show modulations of their amplitude, mean brightness, and light-curve shape on timescales of less than 1 yr, presumably due to changes in spot configurations and/or physical characteristics. In no case, however, can we find definitive evidence of a change in period, indicating that differential rotation is probably much less in WTTS than it is in the Sun. While some stars show a hint of what could be cyclic behavior analogous to the sunspot cycle, no clear cycles could be found. It appears that most of the variation in light-curve shape is caused by redistribution of spots on the surface rather than by an increase or decrease in the areal spot coverage. While most of the variables are of K or M spectral class, we do confirm the existence of three, low-amplitude, periodic G stars. The rotation periods of these more massive stars are short compared to the bulk of the sample; it appears that mid-K to early M (i.e., ∼0.5 M⊙) represents a minimum in mean rotation rate for extremely young stars. Among the nonperiodic stars, we report the detection of two possible UX Orionis stars as well as a pre–main-sequence star, HMW 15, which apparently undergoes an eclipse with a duration exceeding 3 yr.
The association of perceived leadership style and subjective well-being of employees in a tertiary hospital in Germany

Background Professionals in the healthcare sector are a particularly vulnerable group for occupational strain due to high work-related psychological stress. For the implementation of targeted stress-prevention interventions as an important part of a workplace health management programme for all occupational groups and hierarchy levels, information about the current state of their mental health is mandatory. Hence, this study investigated the association of general well-being and different leadership styles among employees in a German tertiary hospital. Methods Via an online survey, 10,101 employees were contacted. The final sample consisted of 1137 employees. Of these, 27.7% described themselves as leaders and 72.3% as followers. Most participants were female (74.8%), more than half were under 41 years old. Besides control variables, general well-being (WHO-5) and leadership style (transactional and transformational, laissez-faire and destructive leadership) were assessed. Results Leaders reported higher well-being scores than followers. Physicians without leadership responsibilities had the lowest scores for well-being. Practitioners of both transformational and transactional leadership were associated with higher well-being scores, while those practicing laissez-faire and destructive leadership had lower scores for almost every professional group. Conclusion Results highlight the necessity for future multimodal health-preventive leadership interventions feature behavioural and organizational intervention modules specifically tailored to hospital professionals at different hierarchical and functional levels to foster the mental health of employees.
Extensive Recombination-driven Coronavirus Diversification Expands the Pool of Potential Pandemic Pathogens

Abstract The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the third zoonotic coronavirus identified in the last 20 years. Enzootic and epizootic coronaviruses of diverse lineages also pose a significant threat to livestock, as most recently observed for virulent strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and swine acute diarrhea-associated coronavirus (SADS-CoV). Unique to RNA viruses, coronaviruses encode a proofreading exonuclease (ExoN) that lowers point mutation rates to increase the viability of large RNA virus genomes, which comes with the cost of limiting virus adaptation via point mutation. This limitation can be overcome by high rates of recombination that facilitate rapid increases in genetic diversification. To compare the dynamics of recombination between related sequences, we developed an open-source computational workflow (IDPlot) that bundles nucleotide identity, recombination, and phylogenetic analysis into a single pipeline. We analyzed recombination dynamics among three groups of coronaviruses with noteworthy impacts on human health and agriculture: SARSr-CoV, Betacoronavirus-1, and SADSr-CoV. We found that all three groups undergo recombination with highly diverged viruses from undersampled or unsampled lineages, including in typically highly conserved regions of the genome. In several cases, no parental origin of recombinant regions could be found in genetic databases, demonstrating our shallow characterization of coronavirus diversity and expanding the genetic pool that may contribute to future zoonotic events. Our results also illustrate the limitations of current sampling approaches for anticipating zoonotic threats to human and animal health.
Pigment dispersion syndrome: A brief overview

Background: Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) is characterized by dispersion of pigment in the anterior chamber structures and can present with deposits on the central corneal endothelium or Krukenberg spindle, iris trans-illumination spoke-like defects, and increased pigmentation in the iridocorneal angle. It is more common in myopic patients with a predominance in young males in the third to fifth decade of life that affects about 1–2% of the population. PDS is a risk factor and can give lead to a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) and secondary glaucoma. Pigmentary glaucoma (PG) can develop from PDS in the presence of elevated IOP coupled with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, retinal nerve fiber thinning, and/or visual field defects. PDS and PG have the same clinical features, representing different levels of severity on the same clinical spectrum. Relevance for Patients: Early diagnosis, appropriate management, and follow-up of patients with PDS are important to prevent vision deterioration or blindness due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Estimation in a Cox Regression Model With a Change-Point at an Unknown Time

This paper concerns the asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters in a non regular Cox model involving a change-point in the regression on time-dependent covariates. The global consistency derives from the uniform convergence of the partial log-likelihood. We prove that the estimator of the change-point is n -consistent and the estimator of the regression parameter n 1/2 -consistent, and their asymptotic distributions are established.
Effectiveness of Therapeutic Community Program on Resilience and Change in Lifestyle in People With Alcohol Use Disorder

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a therapeutic community program on resilience and positive change of lifestyle in people with alcohol use disorder. This study used a quasi-experimental study design. The Therapeutic Community Program was conducted daily for 12 weeks from June 2017 to May 2018. Subjects were selected from the Therapeutic Community and a hospital. Of the 38 subjects, 19 subjects belonged to the experimental group and 19 subjects belonged to the control group. Our findings were that the Therapeutic Community Program has improved resilience and promoted global lifestyle changes in the experimental group compared with the control group.
Probing the electron density in undoped, Si-doped, and Mg-doped InN nanowires by means of Raman scattering

We report a Raman scattering determination of the electron density in InN nanowires from the analysis of longitudinal optical-phonon-plasmon coupled modes. A Raman peak assigned to the L− coupled mode is observed in both undoped and doped InN nanowires. This peak exhibits a shift to higher (lower) frequencies in the Si-doped (Mg-doped) nanowires and allows us to estimate the electron density in the nanowires. A significant residual electron density is found in the undoped nanowires, which increases in Si-doped nanowires and is partially compensated in Mg-doped nanowires.