Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Metabolic Phenotype in the Capacity to Balance Competing Energetic Demands

Given the critical role of metabolism in the life history of all organisms, there is particular interest in understanding the relationship between individual metabolic phenotypes and the capacity to partition energy into competing life history traits. Such relationships could be predictive of individual phenotypic performances throughout life. Here, we were specifically interested in whether an individual fish’s metabolic phenotype can shape its propensity to feed following a significant stressor (2-min exhaustive exercise challenge). Such a relationship would provide insight into previous intraspecific observations linking high metabolism with faster growth. Using a teleost fish, the barramundi (Lates calcarifer), we predicted that individuals with high standard metabolic rates (SMRs) and maximal metabolic rates (MMRs) would be faster to recover and resume feeding after exercise. Contrary to our prediction, neither SMR nor MMR was correlated with latency to feed after exercise (food was offered at 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 18 h after exercise). Only time after exercise and individual fish ID were significant predictors of latency to feed. Measurements of MMR from the same individuals (three measurements spaced 8–12 d apart) revealed a moderate degree of repeatability (R=0.319). We propose that interindividual differences in biochemical and endocrine processes may be more influential than whole-organism metabolic phenotype in mediating feeding latency after exercise.
Distribution and Risk Factors of Malaria in the Greater Accra Region in Ghana

Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in Ghana including the Greater Accra Region. This study aimed to quantify the spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal patterns of malaria in the Greater Accra Region to inform targeted allocation of health resources. Malaria cases data from 2015 to 2019 were obtained from the Ghanaian District Health Information and Management System and aggregated at a district and monthly level. Spatial analysis was conducted using the Global Moran’s I, Getis-Ord Gi*, and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation. Kulldorff’s space–time scan statistics were used to investigate space–time clustering. A negative binomial regression was used to find correlations between climatic factors and sociodemographic characteristics and the incidence of malaria. A total of 1,105,370 malaria cases were reported between 2015 and 2019. Significant seasonal variation was observed, with June and July being the peak months of reported malaria cases. The hotspots districts were Kpone-Katamanso Municipal District, Ashaiman Municipal Districts, Tema Municipal District, and La-Nkwantanang-Madina Municipal District. While La-Nkwantanang-Madina Municipal District was high-high cluster. The Spatio-temporal clusters occurred between February 2015 and July 2017 in the districts of Ningo-Prampram, Shai-Osudoku, Ashaiman Municipal, and Kpone-Katamanso Municipal with a radius of 26.63 km and an relative risk of 4.66 (p < 0.001). Malaria cases were positively associated with monthly rainfall (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.005, 1.016) and the previous month’s cases (AOR = 1.064; 95% CI 1.062, 1.065) and negatively correlated with minimum temperature (AOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.823, 0.899) and population density (AOR = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.994, 0.998). Malaria control and prevention should be strengthened in hotspot districts in the appropriate months to improve program effectiveness.
A Meta-Analysis of the Predictors of On-time High School Graduation in the United States

On-time high school graduation is an important topic in educational research, policy, and practice. However, no comprehensive meta-analyses had been conducted on this topic. The current meta-analysis reviewed 47 articles published from 1985 to April 2022 and aggregated the effect in four dimensions: student background, family support, school program and support, and school climate, with a focus on school-related practices, policies, and programs. Twelve factors along various dimensions had statistically significant positive or negative effects on on-time graduation. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Can school climate or peer preference moderate the adjustment difficulties associated with peer victimization among Chinese middle school students?

Most research on peer victimization has focused on Western samples, but in recent years peer victimization in China has become more prevalent. As a result, limited information is available on how peer victimization, school climate, peer preference, and adjustment difficulties impact Chinese middle school students. This cross-sectional study explored these relations. With a sample of 734 7th and 8th-grade students (54.1% male, 45.8% female) from two middle schools in Beijing, China, findings revealed that peer victimization and peer preference predicted adjustment difficulties; however, school climate did not. Although peer preference was not a significant moderator of the association between peer victimization and adjustment difficulties, school climate significantly moderated the relation between relational peer victimization and adjustment difficulties. Limitations, future directions, and implications are further discussed.
Siglec-7 represents a glyco-immune checkpoint for non-exhausted effector memory CD8+ T cells with high functional and metabolic capacities

While inhibitory Siglec receptors are known to regulate myeloid cells, less is known about their expression and function in lymphocytes subsets. Here we identified Siglec-7 as a glyco-immune checkpoint expressed on non-exhausted effector memory CD8+ T cells that exhibit high functional and metabolic capacities. Seahorse analysis revealed higher basal respiration and glycolysis levels of Siglec-7+ CD8+ T cells in steady state, and particularly upon activation. Siglec-7 polarization into the T cell immune synapse was dependent on sialoglycan interactions in trans and prevented actin polarization and effective T cell responses. Siglec-7 ligands were found to be expressed on both leukemic stem cells and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells suggesting the occurrence of glyco-immune checkpoints for Siglec-7+ CD8+ T cells, which were found in patients’ peripheral blood and bone marrow. Our findings project Siglec-7 as a glyco-immune checkpoint and therapeutic target for T cell-driven disorders and cancer.
Improved constraints on cosmological parameters from SNIa data

We present a new method based on a Bayesian hierarchical model to extract constraints on cosmological parameters from SNIa data obtained with the SALT-II lightcurve fitter. We demonstrate with simulated data sets that our method delivers tighter statistical constraints on the cosmological parameters over 90% of the time, that it reduces statistical bias typically by a factor ~ 2-3 and that it has better coverage properties than the usual chi-squared approach. As a further benefit, a full posterior probability distribution for the dispersion of the intrinsic magnitude of SNe is obtained. We apply this method to recent SNIa data, and by combining them with CMB and BAO data we obtain Omega_m=0.28 +/- 0.02, Omega_Lambda=0.73 +/- 0.01 (assuming w=-1) and Omega_m=0.28 +/- 0.01, w=-0.90 +/- 0.05 (assuming flatness; statistical uncertainties only). We constrain the intrinsic dispersion of the B-band magnitude of the SNIa population, obtaining sigma_mu^int = 0.13 +/- 0.01 [mag]. Applications to systematic uncertainties will be discussed in a forthcoming paper.
Assessment of Postgraduate Online Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has limited the traditional way of teaching due to contact restrictions and the trainees being the front-line providers of patient care in certain specialties. During the pandemic, many academic institutes have adopted various methods for utilizing online learning as an alternative to traditional teaching. Numerous studies reported the impact of these changes on medical education with varying results. As such, comprehensive assessments are necessary to evaluate the outcomes of this rapid transformation. The aim of this study was to provide qualitative and quantitative assessments of post-graduate online medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Participants and Methods In this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was distributed among postgraduate trainers and trainees in Riyadh second health cluster. The questionnaire was used to assess the experiences, perception, coping, satisfaction and preferences of medical trainers and trainees towards online education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results A total of 207 participants were involved in this study. While the sociodemographics differed between trainers and trainees, age was significantly associated with negative pre-pandemic online learning experiences. Stress was reported among both groups and was significantly correlated with the pre-pandemic computer and internet competency. Coping was reported to be easier by trainers compared to trainees. The overall perception of online learning was positive in 73% of the respondents. Perception significantly correlated with age, stress, coping and satisfaction (P < 0.0001). The majority of trainees were interested in a hybrid mode learning, combining traditional teaching with online education. Conclusion There is a significant difference between trainers and trainees with regard to their experience of online education. Further studies are required to assess how to effectively implement online education in postgraduate training programs and identify strategies to overcome the reported deficiencies.
Predictors associated with prefrailty in older Taiwanese individuals with type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is one of the most well-studied and important factors that increase the risk of prefrailty in older people in Taiwan. This study was conducted to examine whether metabolic biomarkers, lifestyle behaviors, body composition, and chronic diseases are associated with frailty in older people with T2DM. We also observed how people manage their T2DM related to prefrailty. This study investigated a total of 201 participants diagnosed with T2DM who received care in our hospital from September 2018 to February 2019. Patients were divided into 3 groups (not frail, prefrail, and frail), and frailty was measured with the 5-item FRAIL scale. Socioeconomic characteristics, metabolic biomarkers, lifestyle behaviors, body composition, and chronic diseases were assessed at enrollment. No participants who we tested met the criteria for frailty. Based on the results of chi-square tests, prefrailty was associated with female sex, middle school education, unemployment, alcohol use, high body fat percentage, above-normal waist circumference, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Logistic regression analyses identified a significant correlation of prefrailty with the type of job from which they retired, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. An important and surprising finding of this study was that the unemployed group was at high risk for prefrailty, which was not observed in previous research. The groups engaged in manual and professional jobs had better hand grip strength, a slower walking speed, and less risk of prefrailty than the unemployed group.
Performance evaluation in identification and adaptive control of time varying systems

The main goal of this paper has been to characterize the performance of identification and adaptive control algorithms for time-varying systems. We have considered the Kalman filter estimator, and shown that its performance has a lower bound with several interesting properties. In particular, the bound has an infinite slope at the origin, and appears to be accurate for small values of the parameter Q. We combined this identification bound with a new stability result to obtain performance bounds for a scalar adaptive control problem. Once again, the performance shows a steep degradation as parameter variation increases. The accuracy of the theoretical bounds in both the identification and adaptive control problems is borne out by the simulation results that have been provided. We note that in the multidimensional adaptive control problem, at present the only known method for obtaining bounds is to reduce the problem to the scalar case by employing a somewhat conservative lower bound. It would be of interest to avoid this approximation to obtain tighter bounds in the general multivariate case. Further, currently in the case of adaptive control, we do not know how to analyze the closed loop system unless the system zeros are fixed and known. Relaxing this assumption appears to be a far more difficult problem. One approach to this problem is the cautious control of Astrom and Wittenmark (1989). Research in this direction is currently in progress. <<ETX>>
Boundary contribution to specific heat and suceptibility in the spin-1/2 XXZ chain

Condensed-Matter Theory Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan(Dated: October 22, 2003)Exact low-temperature asymptotic behavior of boundary contribution to speciﬁc heat and sus-ceptibility in the one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ model with exchange anisotropy 1/2 < ∆ ≤1 isanalytically obtained using the Abelian bosonization method. The boundary spin susceptibility isdivergent in the low-temperature limit. This singular behavior is caused by the ﬁrst-order contri-bution of a bulk leading irrelevant operator to boundary free energy. The result is conﬁrmed bynumerical simulations of ﬁnite-size systems. The anomalous boundary contributions in the spinisotropic case are universal.
The Vasopressin 1a Receptor Antagonist SRX246 Reduces Aggressive Behavior in Huntington’s Disease

SRX246, an orally available CNS penetrant vasopressin (VP) V1a receptor antagonist, was studied in Huntington’s disease (HD) patients with irritability and aggressive behavior in the exploratory phase 2 trial, Safety, Tolerability, and Activity of SRX246 in Irritable HD patients (STAIR). This was a dose-escalation study; subjects received final doses of 120 mg BID, 160 mg BID, or placebo. The compound was safe and well tolerated. In this paper, we summarize the results of exploratory analyses of measures of problematic behaviors, including the Cohen–Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Problem Behaviors Assessment-short form (PBA-s), Irritability Scale (IS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), HD Quality of Life (QoL), and Caregiver Burden questionnaires. In addition to these, we asked subjects and caregivers to record answers to short questions about mood, irritability, and aggressive conduct in an eDiary. STAIR was the first rigorously designed study of behavioral endpoints like these in HD. The exploratory analyses showed that SRX246 reduced aggressive acts. Readily observed behaviors should be used as trial endpoints.
Analisis Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Sektor Pariwisata Di Objek Wisata Goa Pindul Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak covid-19 terhadap sektor pariwisata di obyek wisata Goa Pindul Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa wawancara dan dokumentasi lapangan. Setelah melakukan penelitian dan menganalisis hasil penelitian, hasil penelitian menunjukan dampak covid terhadap sektor pariwisata di obyek wisata Goa Pindul Gunungkidul yaitu adanya penurunan wisatawan yang sangat signifikan, Dengan adanya pandemi, seluruh pedagang di sekitar Goa Pindul kehilangan mata pencahariannya. Para pedagang tersebut harus banting setir memikirkan bagaimana mencukupi kebutuhan sehari-hari ditengah pandemi Covid-19. Saran kepada seluruh pihak yang terkait dalam rangka menjaga kesehatan agar terhindar dari terinveksinya virus covid- 19, maka pengelola harus memberikan perhatian lebih terhadap fasilitas yang ada agar tidak menjadi sarana yang memicu kerumunan serta menerapkan protokol kesehatan, lebih memfokuskan pada wisatawan local dan disarankan ada sosialisasi yang terus menerus tetapi santun
Contribution of COVID-19 to the Total Cases of Pulmonary Embolism and the Potential Risk Factors: Single Academic Hospital Study

Background: There are limited data regarding potential triggering factors of pulmonary embolism (PE) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and its outcomes in comparison with non-infected PE patients. We aimed to identify the contribution of COVID-19 among patients diagnosed with PE and compare risk factors, laboratory results, and outcomes between COVID-19 PE patients and non-COVID-19 PE patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study of all PE patients between March 2020 and December 2020. The patients were segmented into two groups based on a COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab result. Statistical analysis was used to determine the differences in risk factors, laboratory values, and outcomes. Results: A total of 58 patients were included. Females comprised 44.8% of the total sample. Overall, 16 patients (27.6%) were COVID-19 positive. Being non-Saudi was observed more in PE COVID-19 patients compared with non-COVID-19 patients (43.7% vs 4.8%, P = 0.001). Intensive care unit (ICU) admission occurred in 50% of COVID-19 PE patients. Conclusion: COVID-19 was associated with 27.6% of the PEs in our hospital. Being male or a foreign resident was observed to be associated with COVID-19 PE. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed, but these results may help the medical community regarding the increased risk of PE among COVID-19 patients and provide evidence of some potentially predictive factors that can be used to identify COVID-19 in high-risk patients.
Different or Differentiated? Recoupling Policy and Practice in an Era of Accountability

Differentiation is an instructional practice teachers employ to modify their classroom content, process, and products based on student readiness, interest, and learning profile. Many school districts recognize the benefits of differentiated instruction and thus mandate allotted classroom time for its implementation. In this article, we investigate how teachers in one such district resolved differentiation policy to practice in a high-stakes testing environment. We found, during the designated time for differentiation, teachers regularly remediated small groups but did not similarly address the academic needs of advanced students, thus not enacting the disciplinary standard for differentiation. We suggest teachers are recoupling practice and policy but misaligning it to the disciplinary definition of differentiation, which we contend has broader implications for instructional policymaking.
Cyclotron Line Features from Near-critical Magnetic Fields: The Effect of Optical Depth and Plasma Geometry

A detailed analytical study of the relativistic profile for magnetic Compton scattering is performed and use is made of Monte Carlo methods to construct a numerical scheme for the production of relativistic theoretical cyclotron spectra from internally irradiated scattering atmospheres in the low-density/high-field regime. The cross section includes natural line widths, and the Monte Carlo implementation allows for spatial diffusion of photons in arbitrary geometries while accounting for relativistic angular redistribution. Detailed consideration of "Raman-Landau" scattering permits photon spawning from up to fourth harmonic photons. This scheme is utilized to make specific predictions on the effect of geometry and optical depth on the formation of cyclotron lines in hard incident continua. Even if the injection is isotropic, a strongly anisotropic radiation field ensues at relatively low optical depths. The scattering profiles at large angles and low fields are highly asymmetric and peak at the relativistic energy cutoff, not necessarily at the resonant energy. Higher harmonic features in general bear little resemblance to the fundamental even at high fields (B~10 TG), and slabs yield the deepest features, while cylinders present the widest lines at small angles. Moreover, the fundamental line photons in slab scattering regions tend to redistribute to the line wings from all angles, producing fairly broad emission line wings at small angles. Higher optical depths at those angles hampers such redistribution in cylindrical geometries.
Large magnetocaloric effect in melt-spun LaFe13−xSix

A very large value of magnetic entropy change ∣ΔS∣=31J∕kgK was obtained at 201K under 5T in LaFe11.8Si1. 2 melt-spun ribbons subjected to a very short-time annealing (2h∕1050°C). This value is much higher than that of a bulk LaFe11.44Si1. 56 in this temperature range. The large ∣ΔS∣ is attributed to the first-order thermally induced transition at the Curie temperature TC, and is enhanced even further due to a more homogenous element distribution. With increasing Si concentration, TC is increased and ∣ΔS∣ is decreased due to a weakening or an even disappearance of the first-order magnetic phase transition.
Foreign Bodies of Airway: Our Experience at a Tertiary Care Center in Gujarat

Background: Foreign bodies of airway are a common cause of mortality in pediatric age group. The management of these requires multi-departmental approach. In our study we share our experience of foreign body management over a period of 3 years at a tertiary care center in Gujarat. Aims: To study incidence, age and gender distribution of foreign bodies in airway; To establish the methods for managing foreign bodies of airway, to study the complications of foreign bodies. Methods and Management: A prospective study was performed in the department of Otorhinolaryngology in GG. Hospital, Jamnagar, from the year 2018 to 2021. Data was collected for patients with foreign body aspiration. Results: The most common age group being between 1-2 years of age (48.27%). The mean age in our study was 25.6 months. There was a slight male predilection of 51.72% (n=30), and 48.27% (n= 28) being females. Choking and paroxysmal coughing were the most common symptoms, seen in 68.96% and 77.58% of the patients respectively. Right main bronchus was more commonly affected, 51.72% cases. Peanuts were the most commonly encountered foreign bodies, 58.62%. Laryngeal spasm was the commonest intra operative complication. Post operatively pneumonia was the commonest complication, treated with antibiotics and steroids. Conclusion: Foreign bodies in the airway are associated with a significantly higher morbidity and mortality. The difficulty in removal of the foreign bodies depends on their location and type, the instruments and the anesthesia available. It continues to pose a challenge even for experienced endoscopists, however, a pre-operative CT scan is extremely helpful.