Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of cashew kernel meals in the nutritional enrichment of biscuit

A study was carried out on the utilization of cashew kernel meals (CKM) in the nutritional enrichment of biscuit. The biscuits were prepared from blends of soft wheat flour (SWF) and cashew kernel meals (CKM). The different ratios of SWF to CKM used were (A) 100: 0, (B) 90:10, (C) 85:15, (D) 75:25 and (E) 50:50 respectively. The digestive biscuit (DB) bought at the open market served as reference sample. The different biscuits produced were nutritionally analyzed. It was observed that all the samples contained desirable proportions of protein (14.3 - 28.6%), fat (16.21 - 29.62%) and digestible carbohydrates (33.48 - 64.66%). Protein contents, fat, ash and crude fibers increased with increase in CKM. Sensory evaluation results indicated that all the biscuits had high sensory ratings for all the attributes evaluated. There were significant differences among all the samples and the reference biscuit (DB) at p B > A > C > D > E. Key words: Biscuit, cashew kernel meal, nutritional enrichment, utilization.
Evaluation of the Global Climate Models in the CMIP5 over the Tibetan Plateau

AbstractThe performance of 24 GCMs available in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is evaluated over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) by comparing the model outputs with ground observations for the period 1961–2005. The twenty-first century trends of precipitation and temperature based on the GCMs’ projections over the TP are also analyzed. The results suggest that for temperature most GCMs reasonably capture the climatological patterns and spatial variations of the observed climate. However, the majority of the models have cold biases, with a mean underestimation of 1.1°–2.5°C for the months December–May, and less than 1°C for June–October. For precipitation, the simulations of all models overestimate the observations in climatological annual means by 62.0%–183.0%, and only half of the 24 GCMs are able to reproduce the observed seasonal pattern, which demonstrates a critical need to improve precipitation-related processes in these models. All models produce a warming tre.
Cancer patients' needs for support in expressing instrumental concerns and emotions.

INTRODUCTION The aim of our study was to provide an overview of intervention guidelines on how to address patients' practical needs for support in expressing instrumental concerns and emotions regarding medical, psychosocial and practical topics. METHODS Six focus groups of cancer patients and survivors (N = 39) were organised. An interview guide was created that consisted of three topics: (a) concerns, (b) needs for support, and (c) a Concern Prompt List. Using the framework method, the transcripts were coded and analysed in Atlas T.I. RESULTS Patients prefer to receive practical and emotional support, help with preparation, prompts/cues, instructions on how to perform the behaviour (i.e., express their concerns or emotions), feedback, a different structure for the consultation and tailoring. Most of these techniques should preferably be delivered via interpersonal communication. Needs sometimes differ for instrumental concerns and emotions. Only some needs for support were exclusively related to instrumental concerns or emotions. The typical needs for support were not solely linked to the medical, psychosocial and practical topics. CONCLUSION Different needs to express instrumental concerns and emotions throughout the disease trajectory are categorised. These needs provide input for developing interventions to support concern expression.
Aslib Journal of Information Management Understanding users ’ switching intentions and switching behavior on social networking sites

Understanding users’ switching intentions and switching behavior on social networking sites Chun-Nan Lin, Hsiu-Yu Wang, Article information: To cite this document: Chun-Nan Lin, Hsiu-Yu Wang, (2017) "Understanding users’ switching intentions and switching behavior on social networking sites", Aslib Journal of Information Management, Vol. 69 Issue: 2, doi: 10.1108/AJIM-08-2016-0127 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.1108/AJIM-08-2016-0127
Microbial Sealing in the Biostratinomy of Uintacrinus Lagerstätten in the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas and Colorado, USA

Abstract New information pertaining to the biostratinomy of Uintacrinus assemblages has been derived from re-examination of museum collections and analysis of in situ material. Individuals are preserved as thin lenses in dense aggregations with articulated calyces and arms only on the lower surface, in contrast to disarticulated material on the upper surface. Calyces may be imbricated within a lens and are mostly compressed laterally. Specimens also may be preserved oral side up or down. Some specimens displaying the oral side retain soft-part preservation of the tegmen, anal tube, and ambulacra. A thin, jet black organic lamination is visible beneath calyx plates. SEM analysis reveals the presence of possible microbial spherules and filaments on this lamination. Dense aggregations reveal a number of new preservational features, including marginal indentations and lacunae that suggest cohesive behavior of the layer prior to burial. SEM also reveals well-preserved stereom in articulated crinoids on the lower surface, in contrast to the upper surface in which the stereom is apparently infilled with calcium carbonate. Some specimens retain a black, organic lamination within the crinoidal layer itself that may represent remnants of a microbial mat. It is proposed that a microbial mat of necrolytic origin provided cohesion and that microbial sealing during decay may help to explain other instances of similar crinoid preservation, including both benthic and pelagic forms, in which articulation is confined to lower surfaces.
Laboratory studies of radionuclide transport in fractured Climax granite

This report documents our laboratory studies of radionuclide transport in fractured granite cores. To simulate natural conditions, our laboratory studies used naturally fractured cores and natural ground water from the Climax Granite Stock at the Nevada Test Site. For comparison, additional tests used artificially fractured granite cores or distilled water. Relative to the flow of tritiated water, {sup 85}Sr and /sup 95m/Tc showed little or no retardation, whereas {sup 137}Cs was retarded. After the transport runs the cores retained varying amounts of the injected radionuclides along the fracture. Autoradiography revealed some correlation between sorption and the fracture fill material. Strontium and cesium retention increased when the change was made from natural ground water to distilled water. Artificial fractures retained less {sup 137}Cs than most natural fractures. Estimated fracture apertures from 18 to 60 {mu}m and hydraulic conductivities from 1.7 to 26 x 10{sup -3} m/s were calculated from the core measurements.
eHealth interventions for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review with meta‐analysis

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Eight databases were searched for studies published in English from 1995 to 17 September 2014. Eighty‐four studies were included, with 183 intervention arms, of which 76% (n = 139) included an eHealth component. Sixty‐one studies had the primary aim of weight loss, 10 weight loss maintenance, eight weight gain prevention, and five weight loss and maintenance. eHealth interventions were predominantly delivered using the Internet, but also email, text messages, monitoring devices, mobile applications, computer programs, podcasts and personal digital assistants. Forty percent (n = 55) of interventions used more than one type of technology, and 43.2% (n = 60) were delivered solely using eHealth technologies. Meta‐analyses demonstrated significantly greater weight loss (kg) in eHealth weight loss interventions compared with control (MD −2.70 [−3.33,−2.08], P < 0.001) or minimal interventions (MD −1.40 [−1.98,−0.82], P < 0.001), and in eHealth weight loss interventions with extra components or technologies (MD 1.46 [0.80, 2.13], P < 0.001) compared with standard eHealth programmes. The findings support the use of eHealth interventions as a treatment option for obesity, but there is insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for weight loss maintenance or weight gain prevention.
A model for two‐phase flow in porous media including fluid‐fluid interfacial area

We present a new numerical model for macroscale two‐phase flow in porous media which is based on a physically consistent theory of multi‐phase flow. The standard approach for modeling the flow of two fluid phases in a porous medium consists of a continuity equation for each phase, an extended form of Darcy's law as well as constitutive relationships for relative permeability and capillary pressure. This approach is known to have a number of important shortcomings and, in particular, it does not account for the presence and role of fluid‐fluid interfaces. The alternative is to use an extended model, which is founded on thermodynamic principles and is physically consistent. In addition to the standard equations, the model uses a balance equation for specific interfacial area. The constitutive relationship for capillary pressure involves not only saturation, but also specific interfacial area. We present results of a numerical modeling study based on this extended model. We show that the extended model can capture additional physical processes compared to the standard model, such as hysteresis.
Uncovering Neural Scaling Laws in Molecular Representation Learning

Molecular Representation Learning (MRL) has emerged as a powerful tool for drug and materials discovery in a variety of tasks such as virtual screening and inverse design. While there has been a surge of interest in advancing model-centric techniques, the influence of both data quantity and quality on molecular representations is not yet clearly understood within this field. In this paper, we delve into the neural scaling behaviors of MRL from a data-centric viewpoint, examining four key dimensions: (1) data modalities, (2) dataset splitting, (3) the role of pre-training, and (4) model capacity. Our empirical studies confirm a consistent power-law relationship between data volume and MRL performance across these dimensions. Additionally, through detailed analysis, we identify potential avenues for improving learning efficiency. To challenge these scaling laws, we adapt seven popular data pruning strategies to molecular data and benchmark their performance. Our findings underline the importance of data-centric MRL and highlight possible directions for future research.
Unsupervised Pre-Training for Vietnamese Automatic Speech Recognition in the HYKIST Project

In today's interconnected globe, moving abroad is more and more prevalent, whether it's for employment, refugee resettlement, or other causes. Language difficulties between natives and immigrants present a common issue on a daily basis, especially in medical domain. This can make it difficult for patients and doctors to communicate during anamnesis or in the emergency room, which compromises patient care. The goal of the HYKIST Project is to develop a speech translation system to support patient-doctor communication with ASR and MT. ASR systems have recently displayed astounding performance on particular tasks for which enough quantities of training data are available, such as LibriSpeech. Building a good model is still difficult due to a variety of speaking styles, acoustic and recording settings, and a lack of in-domain training data. In this thesis, we describe our efforts to construct ASR systems for a conversational telephone speech recognition task in the medical domain for Vietnamese language to assist emergency room contact between doctors and patients across linguistic barriers. In order to enhance the system's performance, we investigate various training schedules and data combining strategies. We also examine how best to make use of the little data that is available. The use of publicly accessible models like XLSR-53 is compared to the use of customized pre-trained models, and both supervised and unsupervised approaches are utilized using wav2vec 2.0 as architecture.
Variability of dynamic source parameters inferred from kinematic models of past earthquakes

We analyse the scaling and distribution of average dynamic source properties (fracture energy, static, dynamic and apparent stress drops) using 31 kinematic inversion models from 21 crustal earthquakes. Shear-stress histories are computed by solving the elastodynamic equations while imposing the slip velocity of a kinematic source model as a boundary condition on the fault plane. This is achieved using a 3-D ﬁnite difference method in which the rupture kinematics are modelled with the staggered-grid-split-node fault representation method of Dalguer & Day. Dynamic parameters are then estimated from the calculated stress-slip curves and averaged over the fault plane. Our results indicate that fracture energy, static, dynamic and apparent stress drops tend to increase with magnitude. The epistemic uncertainty due to uncertainties in kinematic inversions remains small ( φ ∼ 0.1 in log 10 units), showing that kinematic source models provide robust information to analyse the distribution of average dynamic source parameters. The proposed scaling relations may be useful to constrain friction law parameters in spontaneous dynamic rupture calculations for earthquake source studies, and physics-based near-source ground-motion prediction for seismic hazard and risk mitigation.
Preservation of planar laminae due to migration of low‐relief bed waves over aggrading upper‐stage plane beds: comparison of experimental data with theory

Experimental studies of the formation of planar laminae by migration of low‐relief bed waves over aggrading upper‐stage plane beds show that the average thickness of laminae at a point increases with both aggradation rate and the variance of the heights of bed waves passing that point. In general, the preserved laminae represent only a small proportion (generally less than 50%) of the height of the largest bed waves in the population. The theory developed by Paola & Borgman (1991), relating the probability density function of stratal thickness to that of bed wave height for the case of no net aggradation, was adapted for aggrading conditions and shown to agree well with data. These results suggest that the theory can be used to estimate, from the distribution of thickness of planar laminae, either the distribution of bed wave heights, mean aggradation rate, mean bed wave length or mean bed wave celerity, provided the other parameters can be estimated.
To Give or Not To Give: Pandemic Vaccine Donation Policy (preprint)

The global SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the challenge of equitable vaccine distribution between high- and low-income countries. Many high-income countries were reluctant or slow to distribute extra doses of the vaccine to lower-income countries via the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) collaboration. In addition to moral objections to such vaccine nationalism, vaccine inequity during a pandemic could contribute to the evolution of new variants of the virus and possibly increase total deaths, including in the high-income countries. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, we use the epidemiological model of Holleran et al. that incorporates virus mutation. We identify realistic scenarios under which a donor country prefers to donate vaccines before distributing them locally in order to minimize local deaths during a pandemic. We demonstrate that a nondonor-first vaccination policy can delay, sometimes dramatically, the emergence of more-contagious variants. Even more surprising, donating all vaccines is sometimes better for the donor country than a sharing policy in which half of the vaccines are donated and half are retained because of the impact donation can have on delaying the emergence of a more contagious virus. Nondonor-first vaccine allocation is optimal in scenarios in which the local health impact of the vaccine is limited or when delaying emergence of a variant is especially valuable. In all cases, we find that vaccine distribution is not a zero-sum game between donor and nondonor countries. Thus, in addition to moral reasons to avoid vaccine nationalism, donor nations can also realize local health benefits from donating vaccines. The insights yielded by this framework can be used to guide equitable vaccine distribution in future pandemics.
An Initial Assessment of Antarctic Sea Ice Extent in the CMIP5 Models

This paper examines the annual cycle and trends in Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) for 18 models used in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that were run with historical forcing for the 1850sto 2005.Manyof themodels havean annualSIE cyclethatdiffersmarkedlyfromthatobservedover the last 30 years. The majority of models have too small of an SIE at the minimum in February, while several of the models have less than two-thirds of the observed SIE at the September maximum. In contrast to the satellite data, which exhibit a slight increase in SIE, the mean SIE of the models over 1979‐2005 shows a decrease in each month, with the greatest multimodel mean percentage monthly decline of 13.6% decade 21 in Februaryandthe greatestabsolutelossof ice of20.40310 6 km 2 decade 21 in September. Themodels have very large differences in SIE over 1860‐2005. Most of the control runs have statistically significant trends in SIE over their full time span, and all of the models have a negative trend in SIE since the mid-nineteenth century. The negative SIE trends in most of the model runs over 1979‐2005 are a continuation of an earlier decline,suggestingthattheprocessesresponsiblefortheobservedincreaseoverthelast30yearsarenotbeing simulated correctly.
Estudio comparativo de dos subespecies de "Trifolium subterraneum L.", basado en caracteres de interés taxonómico y agrícola

espanolHemos estudiado la variacion de once caracteres vegetativos de interes taxonomico y agricola, en dos subespecies de Trifolium subterraneum L. , mediante los coeficientes de variacion. Se observo que seis de los caracteres poseen menor variabilidad en la ssp. brachycalycinum que en la ssp. subterraneum, sobresaliendo la pelosidad del haz, la longitud del peciolo y el tamano de los foliolos por ser de variabilidad notablemente mas baja. Los caracteres restantes tienen una variabilidad aproximadamente del mismo orden en las dos subespecies. Hemos comparado mediante un test de t las medias de los caracteres a nivel subespecifico, encontrando que, con una sola excepcion, grosor de las ramas principales, las diferencias son significativas en todos ellos. Las formas autoctonas mas representadas y los cultivares australianos se han comparado entre si a nivel subespecifico, utilizando la totalidad de los caracteres, mediante coeficientes de correlacion de orden de Spearman, rs, empleados como indices de similitud. Se ha encontrado mayor homogeneidad dentro del material de la ssp. Brachycalycinum que dentro del de la ssp. subterraneum. EnglishThe variation of eleven vegetative characters with taxonomic and agronomic interest (most of them used at level of Variaty differentiation) was studied in two subspecies of Trifolium subterraneum L. by means of coefficients of variability. It was observed that six characters out of the eleven had a lower variability in the ssp. brachycalycinum than in the ssp. subterraneum; outstanding among them: hairiness of the upper leaf surface, petiole length and leaflets size. The other five ones had a variability of about the same order in both subspecies. The means of the characters were compared, at infraspecific level, by a Student's / test, finding significant differences for all of them, except for main branches thickness. The more represented Spanish forms and the Australian cultivars were also compared at infraspecific level. The comparison was done with all the characters by means of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, rs (used as similarity coefficients). A grea* ter homogeneity was found within the ssp. brachycalycinum thant within the ssp. subterraneum.
Restoring and maintaining the productivity of West African soils: key to sustainable development

This report highlights the alarming situation as to low soil fertility and its continued decline in West Africa. Through literature review, a description is given of farming systems and soil fertility in the three major agro-ecological zones: the Equatorial Forest Zone, the Guinea Savanna Zone, and the Sahel-Sudan Zone. Next, the socio-economic and policy environment is depicted, both at macro-level and at farm household level. A framework is provided that may help in setting priorities for future interventions, based on policies and technologies that are potentially available to improve crop and livestock productivity and to conserve the natural resources base.
Endogenous Initiatives As A Chance To Improve Rural Livelihood? Results Of A Case Study In Baltow, South-Eastern Poland

Polish rural areas, compared to other EU-25 member states, still show a high agricultural employment due to a lack of job opportunities in other rural economic sectors. In particular, in South eastern Poland the shut down of heavy industry companies in the early 1990s left many rural inhabitants only with small incomes from their peasant farms or pensions. In the communeBa? tow (South-eastern Poland) in order to counteract these developments, local development associations and a regional partnership undertook initiatives to stimulate the regional economy by creating a tourism infrastructure. This paper presents a case study, conducted in Ba? tow, which analyses local problems, development chances, and experience with local endogenous initiatives. The main results of the activities undertaken by the development associations and the partnership are seen in the creation of different tourist attractions. The latter do not only provide inhabitants with new non-agricultural jobs. They are also offering new income sources for peasants and local businesses as a result of an increased demand for accommodations and other tourist services. The successful implementation of tourist facilities was due to the involvement of local inhabitants, the presence of leader personalities, the close cooperation with the local government, and the financial engagement of a local inhabitant. Workshops, seminars, and open meetings organized by the associations led to an increasing acceptance of the initiatives by the local society. The regional partnership, which combines different local and regional associations in their ambitions to connect tourist offers, also encouraged many inhabitants to contribute to further initiatives. In 2004, the regional partnership also applied for the pilot measure to implement the EU Initiative Leader+. The tourism activities in the region around Ba? tow cannot be seen as a straight response to the incomerelated problems of the local peasant farms and the lacking structural change in agriculture, but they constitute new perspectives for local businesses and additional non-agricultural income sources for farmers.