Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in phase-separated two-component Bose-Einstein condensates

We theoretically study the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in phase-separated two-component Bose-Einstein condensates using the Gross-Pitaevskii and Bogoliubov-de Gennes models. A flat interface between the two condensates is shown to deform into sawtooth or Stokes-type waves, leading to the formation of singly quantized vortices on the peaks and troughs of the waves. This scenario of interface instability in quantum fluids is quite different from that in classical fluids.
Disialoganglioside GD2-Targeted Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) in Tumors of Neuroectodermal Origin

Disialoganglioside (GD2) is a subtype of glycolipids that is highly expressed in tumors of neuroectodermal origins, such as neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. Its limited expression in normal tissues makes GD2 a potential target for precision therapy. Several anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies are currently in clinical use and have had moderate success. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a cancer therapy that arms antibodies with IRDye700DX (IR700) and then exposes this antibody–dye conjugate (ADC) to NIR light at a wavelength of 690 nm. NIR light irradiation induces a profound photochemical response in IR700, resulting in protein aggregates that lead to cell membrane damage and death. In this study, we examined the feasibility of GD2-targeted NIR-PIT. Although GD2, like other glycolipids, is only located in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, the aggregates formation exerted sufficient physical force to disrupt the cell membrane and kill target cells in vitro. In in vivo studies, tumor growth was significantly inhibited after GD2-targeted NIR-PIT, resulting in prolonged survival. Following GD2-targeted NIR-PIT, activation of host immunity was observed. In conclusion, GD2-targeted NIR-PIT was similarly effective to the conventional protein-targeted NIR-PIT. This study demonstrates that membrane glycolipid can be a new target of NIR-PIT.
Relationships between Individual and Social Resources, Anxiety and Depression in the Early Lockdown Stage by the COVID-19 in Chile

The coronavirus disease has exposed the population to psychosocial threats that could increase mental health problems. This research analyzed the relationships between emotional states (negative [−EWB] and positive [+EWB] experienced well-being), personal resources (resilient coping [RC]), dispositional resources (control beliefs about stress [BAS]), and social resources (social support [SS]), and anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of the Chilean population (n = 592), who answered an online questionnaire. Multiple and moderated multiple regression analyses were carried out. Depressive symptoms showed a positive relationship with −EWB (β = 0.805; p < 0.001) and negative relationship with +EWB (β = −0.312; p < 0.001), RC (β = −0.089; p < 0.01), BAS (β = −0.183; p < 0.001) and SS (β = −0.082; p < 0.001). Anxiety symptoms showed a positive relationship with −EWB (β = 0.568; p < 0.001), and a negative relationship with +EWB (β = −0.101; p < 0.03) and BAS (β = −0.092; p < 0.001). BAS moderated the relationship between experienced well-being and depression symptoms, and RC moderated the relationship between experienced well-being with both depression and anxiety symptoms. Findings confirm the buffering effect of personal and dispositional resources when facing a sanitary and social crisis. Moreover, they help to understand the role of internal psychological processes during a crisis and how to cope with life-threatening events.
Medical Students’ Perceptions of the Implemented Curriculum at Sinnar Medical School: A Cross-Sectional Study from Sudan

Introduction Medical school curriculum evaluation is necessary to document outcomes, determine the effectiveness of educational programs, and meet accreditation requirements. This has become more difficult over the last decade, and it is critical to carefully assess the conclusion. The purpose of this research was to gather information from Sinnar medical students regarding their perceptions of the curriculum, learning, teachers, and academic self-perception. Methodology A cross-sectional analytic quantitative study including under and freshly graduated students was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sinnar, Sudan, between the 18th of January 2021 and the 2nd of February 2022. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire including student perception of learning, student perception of teachers, academic self-perception, and student self-perception. Results A total of 705 students participated in this study. Of them, 443 (63.1%) were females, with the majority from second years (35.8%) followed by fourth-year (21.6%). A 433 (64.5%) agreed that the teaching is students centred, and teaching helped them in their development (68.0%). In addition, nearly half of the participants (58.1%) stated that the teacher communicated clearly and understandably. Unfortunately, 44.6% said that the exam did not achieve all the course objectives. The most tension-induced places were the dissection room (DR) accounting (70.3%) followed by lecture halls (55.6%). The most common reason for not enhancing research skills is the unavailability of the research department (72.8%), along with the stress associated with the curriculum due to a lack of enough time for different activities (63.8%). Significant differences between males and females were found when answering questions regarding research skills and students’ involvement in curriculum time management. Conclusion Most students have a positive impression towards the local curriculum, learning, and engaged teachers. More studies with more standardization and specification regarding curriculum content, Curriculum structure and strategies, should be conducted in the future.
The Contribution of Radio Selected Star Forming Galaxies to the IR Energy Density Budget

We have used several different methods (radio morphology, radio spectral index, mid-IR to radio and near-IR to radio flux density ratios) to discriminate between AGN and SFGs in faint, sub-mJy radio surveys. We find that the latter two methods are the most powerful with current multi-wavelength data, but that future radio surveys with eMERLIN, LOFAR etc. (and ultimately the SKA) will greatly increase the power of the morphology and spectral index methods. As an example of the science possible we derive the IR luminosity density from the radio-selected SFGs using the radio/IR luminosity correlation. We also examine the contribution by luminosity to the total IR luminosity density and find evidence that fraction of LIRGs remains constant or decreases above z=1 while the relative fraction of ULIRGs continues to increase up to z=2.5.
Kinetics driving thin-film deposition in dielectric barrier discharges using a direct liquid injector operated in a pulsed regime

This work investigates the effects of process parameters on thin-film deposition by direct liquid injection in a low-frequency dielectric barrier discharge. The precursor, hexamethyldisiloxane, is introduced as micrometer-size liquid droplets with nitrogen carrier gas in a pulsed mode and the discharge is produced at atmospheric pressure in a pulsed regime. No significant deposit is observed during plasma-off time and outside the discharge region. Despite the pulsed injection, this reveals that the precursor content in the plasma zone remains constant over much longer time scales and that thin-film deposition results from droplets charging and their transport towards the dielectrics by the low-frequency electric field. Over the range of experimental conditions investigated, it is found that pulsed, aerosol-assisted plasma deposition is limited by the amount of energy provided to precursor droplets, and not by precursor insufficiency.
A Metal Ion and Thermal-Responsive Bilayer Hydrogel Actuator Achieved by the Asymmetric Osmotic Flow of Water between Two Layers under Stimuli

Shape-morphing hydrogels have drawn great attention due to their wide applications as soft actuators, while asymmetric responsive shape-morphing behavior upon encountering external stimuli is fundamental for the development of hydrogel actuators. Therefore, in this work, bilayer hydrogels were prepared and the shrinkage ratios (LA/LN) of the AAm/AAc layer to the NIPAM layer immersed in different metal ion solutions, leading to bending in different directions, were investigated. The difference in the shrinkage ratio was attributed to the synergistic effect of the osmolarity difference between the inside and outside of the hydrogels and the interaction difference between the ion and hydrogel polymer chains. Additionally, under thermal stimuli, the hydrogel actuator would bend toward the NIPAM layer due to the shrinkage of the hydrogel networks caused by the hydrophilic–hydrophobic phase transition of NIPAM blocks above the LCST. This indicates that metal ion and thermal-responsive shape-morphing hydrogel actuators with good mechanical properties could be used as metal ion or temperature-controllable switches or other smart devices.
Role of the Ghrelin System in Colitis and Hepatitis as Risk Factors for Inflammatory-Related Cancers

It is not known exactly what leads to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but there are specific risk factors that increase the probability of their occurrence. The unclear pathogenesis, too-late diagnosis, poor prognosis as a result of high recurrence and metastasis rates, and repeatedly ineffective therapy of both cancers continue to challenge both basic science and practical medicine. The ghrelin system, which is comprised of ghrelin and alternative peptides (e.g., obestatin), growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS-Rs), and ghrelin-O-acyl-transferase (GOAT), plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It promotes various physiological effects, including energy metabolism and amelioration of inflammation. The ghrelin system plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which are well known risk factors for the development of CRC, as well as inflammatory liver diseases which can trigger the development of HCC. Colitis-associated cancer serves as a prototype of inflammation-associated cancers. Little is known about the role of the ghrelin system in the mechanisms of transformation of chronic inflammation to low- and high-grade dysplasia, and, finally, to CRC. HCC is also associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis arising from different etiologies, including alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and/or hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. However, the exact role of ghrelin in the progression of the chronic inflammatory lesions into HCC is still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize findings on the role of the ghrelin system in inflammatory bowel and liver diseases in order to better understand the impact of this system on the development of inflammatory-related cancers, namely CRC and HCC.
Constrained fitting of disentangled binary star spectra: application to V615 Persei in the open cluster h Persei

Context. Using the technique of spectral disentangling, it is possible to determine the individual spectra of the components of a multiple star system from composite spectra observed at a range of orbital phases. This method has several advantages: it is unaffected by line blending, does not use template spectra, and returns individual component spectra with very high signal-to-noise ratios. Aims. The disentangled spectra of a binary star system are very well suited to spectroscopic analysis but for one problem: the absolute spectral line depths are unknown because this information is not contained in the original spectra (unless there is one taken in eclipse) without making assumptions about the spectral characteristics of the component stars. Here we present a method for obtaining the atmospheric parameters of the component stars by the constrained fitting of synthetic spectra to observed and disentangled spectra. Methods. Disentangled spectra are fitted using synthetic spectra and a genetic algorithm in order to determine the effective temperatures, surface gravities and relative light contributions of the two stars in a binary system. The method is demonstrated on synthetic spectra and then applied to the eclipsing binary V615 Per, a member of the young open cluster NGC 869 (h Persei). Results. The method works well for disentangled spectra with signal-to-noise ratios of 100 or more. For V615 Per we find a normal He abundance but an Mg abundance, which indicates bulk metallicity, a factor of two lower than typical for nearby OB stars.
Tectonic Subsidence Modeling of Diachronous Transition From Backarc to Retroarc Basin Development and Uplift During Cordilleran Orogenesis, Patagonian‐Fuegian Andes

Backstripped tectonic basin subsidence histories are critical for interpreting phases of lithospheric deformation and paleoenvironmental change from the stratigraphic record. This study presents new subsidence modeling of the Rocas Verdes Backarc Basin (RVB) and Magallanes‐Austral retroarc foreland basin (MAB) of southernmost South America to evaluate along‐strike changes in tectonic subsidence related to the Late Jurassic through Miocene history of the Southern Andes. We compiled composite stratigraphic sections for seven basin localities that span 47°–54°S from published sedimentological records of paleoenvironment, paleobathymetry, and geochronology. Modeling results resolve regional trends in basin tectonic subsidence, uplift, and sedimentation rate that influenced the depositional environment during five broad phases of RVB‐MAB development: (a) Late Jurassic tectonic subsidence and basin deepening associated with rift‐related backarc extension that postdated regional diachronous rift‐related magmatism. (b) Southward younging of Early to Late Cretaceous pronounced acceleration in tectonic subsidence interpreted as the initiation of flexural loading and development of the MAB foreland basin system. (c) Late Cretaceous (ca. 85–70 Ma) tectonic uplift within the central foredeep ∼49° to 52°S, coeval with a shift from slope to shelf deposition at these latitudes. (d) A protracted period of low‐magnitude basin uplift and relative tectonic quiescence during the Paleogene, with the exception of southernmost localities; and (e) Synchronous latest Oligocene‐early Miocene tectonic subsidence linked to basin deepening and transgression across the northern and central basin sectors. Backstripped tectonic subsidence analysis corroborates existing interpretations for orogenic development in the RVB‐MAB and sheds new light on complex polyphase basin histories where extension precedes convergence.
OB STARS AND STELLAR BOW SHOCKS IN CYGNUS-X: A NOVEL LABORATORY ESTIMATING STELLAR MASS LOSS RATES

We use mid-infrared images from the Spitzer Space Telescope Cygnus X Legacy Survey to search for stellar bow shocks (BSs), a signature of early-type “runaway” stars with high space velocities. We identify ten arc-shaped nebulae containing centrally located stars as candidate BSs. New spectroscopic observations of five stars show that all are late-O to early-B dwarfs, while one is a previously classified B0.2 giant. These stars have moderate radial velocities, differing by ΔV< 10 km s−1 from members of the Cygnus OB2 Association. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the other four stars are consistent with late-O to early-B dwarfs at the nominal ∼1.6 kpc distance of Cyg OB2. Our morphologically selected sample of BS candidates encompasses diverse physical phenomena. Three of the stars appear to be pre-main-sequence objects on the basis of rising SEDs in the mid-IR, and their nebulae may be photon-dominated regions illuminated by the central star but shaped by external sources such as winds from Cyg OB2. Four objects have ambiguous classification. These may be partial dust shells or bubbles. We conclude that three of the objects are probable BSs, based on their morphological similarity to analytic prescriptions. Their nebular morphologies reveal no systematic pattern of orientations that might indicate either a population of stars ejected from or large-scale hydrodynamic outflows from Cyg OB2. The fraction of runaways among OB stars near Cyg OB2 identified either by radial velocity or BS techniques is ∼0.5%, much smaller than the ∼8% estimated among field OB stars. We discuss possible reasons for this difference. We also obtained a heliocentric radial velocity for the previously known BS star, BD+43°3654, of −66.2 ± 9.4 km s−1, solidifying its runaway status and implying a space velocity of 77 ± 10 km s−1. We use the principles of momentum-driven BSs in conjunction with the observed sizes, BS luminosities and SEDs, and dust/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission models to arrive at a novel method for estimating stellar mass loss rates. Derived mass loss rates range between 10−7 and few ×10−6 M☉ yr−1 for the three O5V–∼B2V stars identified as generating BSs. These values are at the upper range of, but broadly consistent with, estimates from other methods. We calculate a relatively large mass loss rate of 160 × 10−6 M☉ yr−1 for O4If star BD+43°3654 using the same method.
Functional Gait Assessment Using Manual, Semi-Automated and Deep Learning Approaches Following Standardized Models of Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice

Objective: To develop a standardized model of stretch–crush sciatic nerve injury in mice, and to compare outcomes of crush and novel stretch–crush injuries using standard manual gait and sensory assays, and compare them to both semi-automated as well as deep-learning gait analysis methods. Methods: Initial studies in C57/Bl6 mice were used to develop crush and stretch–crush injury models followed by histologic analysis. In total, 12 eight-week-old 129S6/SvEvTac mice were used in a six-week behavioural study. Behavioral assessments using the von Frey monofilament test and gait analysis recorded on a DigiGait platform and analyzed through both Visual Gait Lab (VGL) deep learning and standardized sciatic functional index (SFI) measurements were evaluated weekly. At the termination of the study, neurophysiological nerve conduction velocities were recorded, calf muscle weight ratios measured and histological analyses performed. Results: Histological evidence confirmed more severe histomorphological injury in the stretch–crush injured group compared to the crush-only injured group at one week post-injury. Von Frey monofilament paw withdrawal was significant for both groups at week one compared to baseline (p < 0.05), but not between groups with return to baseline at week five. SFI showed hindered gait at week one and two for both groups, compared to baseline (p < 0.0001), with return to baseline at week five. Hind stance width (HSW) showed similar trends as von Frey monofilament test as well as SFI measurements, yet hind paw angle (HPA) peaked at week two. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV), measured six weeks post-injury, at the termination of the study, did not show any significant difference between the two groups; yet, calf muscle weight measurements were significantly different between the two, with the stretch–crush group demonstrating a lower (poorer) weight ratio relative to uninjured contralateral legs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Stretch–crush injury achieved a more reproducible and constant injury compared to crush-only injuries, with at least a Sunderland grade 3 injury (perineurial interruption) in histological samples one week post-injury in the former. However, serial behavioral outcomes were comparable between the two crush groups, with similar kinetics of recovery by von Frey testing, SFI and certain VGL parameters, the latter reported for the first time in rodent peripheral nerve injury. Semi-automated and deep learning-based approaches for gait analysis are promising, but require further validation for evaluation in murine hind-limb nerve injuries.
Insulin Resistance and High Blood Pressure: Mechanistic Insight on the Role of the Kidney

The metabolic effects of insulin predominate in skeletal muscle, fat, and liver where the hormone binds to its receptor, thereby priming a series of cell-specific and biochemically diverse intracellular mechanisms. In the presence of a good secretory reserve in the pancreatic islets, a decrease in insulin sensitivity in the metabolic target tissues leads to compensatory hyperinsulinemia. A large body of evidence obtained in clinical and experimental studies indicates that insulin resistance and the related hyperinsulinemia are causally involved in some forms of arterial hypertension. Much of this involvement can be ascribed to the impact of insulin on renal sodium transport, although additional mechanisms might be involved. Solid evidence indicates that insulin causes sodium and water retention, and both endogenous and exogenous hyperinsulinemia have been correlated to increased blood pressure. Although important information was gathered on the cellular mechanisms that are triggered by insulin in metabolic tissues and on their abnormalities, knowledge of the insulin-related mechanisms possibly involved in blood pressure regulation is limited. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cellular mechanisms that are involved in the pro-hypertensive actions of insulin, focusing on the contribution of insulin to the renal regulation of sodium balance and body fluids.
Therapeutic Effect of Extended Uvulopalatal Flap Surgery in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background and Objective Although numerous studies have reported surgical results of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, efficacies of extended uvulopalatal flap (EUPF) surgery have only been reported in a few studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of EUPF and investigate the advantage and practicality of this surgery.Methods Medical records of patients who underwent EUPF surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Through medical record analysis, demographic information was confirmed. Postoperative polysomnography (PSG) results were divided into a surgical ‘success’ group and a ‘failure’ group. Patients’ PSG results, questionnaires, and cephalometry were comparatively analyzed.Results All sleep parameters of PSG except rapid eye movement latency and hypopnea index were significantly improved after surgery. Ten patients were in the success group (success rate, 33.3%) and 20 patients were in the failure group. Among preoperative PSG parameters, apnea-hypopnea index, apnea index, and number of awakenings showed significant differences between the two groups. However, there were no significant differences in results of cephalometry or Friedman stage between the two groups.Conclusions The EUPF surgery can change sleep factors and improve subjective symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea patients. It could be considered as one of the treatment options for patients with surgical indications, although its success rate was only 33.3%.