Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altitude e coordenadas geográficas na estimativa da temperatura mínima média decendial do ar no estado do Rio Grande do Sul

The objective of this work was to estimate ten-day mean minimum air temperature (Tm) using altitude and the geographic coordinates latitude and longitude for the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Normal ten-day mean minimum air temperature of 41 counties in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, from 1945 to 1974 were used. Correlation analysis, path analysis of causal variables (altitude, latitude and longitude) on Tm, and parameters estimate of multiple linear regression equations were performed by the stepwise backward method, using Tm as dependent variable and altitude, latitude and longitude as independent variables, for the 36 ten-day periods of the year. Pearson's linear correlation coefficient between estimated and observed Tm, calculated for tem counties using data of the series of meteorological observations from 1975 to 2004 were used as independent data sets. The ten-day mean minimum air temperature may be estimated from the geographic coordinates in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Altitude and latitude best explain the variation of the Tm.
Plant functional types and climatic change: Introduction

Abstract. Plant functional types are a necessary device for reducing the complex and often uncharted characteristics of species diversity in function and structure when attempting to project the nature and function of species assemblages into future environments. A workshop was held to review the current methods commonly used for defining plant functional types, either globally or for particular biomes, and to compare them with the field experiences of specialists for specific biomes of the world. The methods fall into either an objective and inductive approach or a subjective and deductive approach. When the different methods were tested, it was generally found that the classification for one site or environment was not wholly applicable to a different site or environment. However, the degree of change which is necessary for adjustment between environments may not prove to be a major limitation in the use of functional types.
Orchidaceae of the Grumari restinga: floristic and similarity among restingas in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most diverse plant families in the world. The number of floristic studies of this family in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, has increased significantly in recent years. However, only a few such studies have been conducted in areas of restinga vegetation and none of those have examined the similarity, in terms of orchid diversity, among such areas. The present study sought to improve our knowledge of the Orchidaceae diversity occurring in Grumari restinga, as well to compare the diversity of orchids among Grumari and other restinga areas using cluster analysis. We found 15 genera and 19 species. Cluster analysis demonstrated that restingas located on islands are considerably different from those on the mainland, and no relationship was observed between floristic similarity and geographical proximity. As such, the present study shows that each area of restinga hosts different Orchidaceae species, demonstrating the importance of preserving this threatened ecosystem and this plant group.
Evaluation of the Tobbstop Mobile App for Smoking Cessation: Cluster Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background Mobile apps provide an accessible way to test new health-related methodologies. Tobacco is still the primary preventable cause of death in industrialized countries, constituting an important public health issue. New technologies provide novel opportunities that are effective in the cessation of smoking tobacco. Objective This paper aims to evaluate the efficacy and usage of a mobile app for assisting adult smokers to quit smoking. Methods We conducted a cluster randomized clinical trial. We included smokers older than 18 years who were motivated to stop smoking and used a mobile phone compatible with our mobile app. We carried out follow-up visits at 15, 30, and 45 days, and at 2, 3, 6, and 12 months. Participants of the intervention group had access to the Tobbstop mobile app designed by the research team. The primary outcomes were continuous smoking abstinence at 3 and 12 months. Results A total of 773 participants were included in the trial, of which 602 (77.9%) began the study on their D-Day. Of participants in the intervention group, 34.15% (97/284) did not use the app. The continuous abstention level was significantly larger in the intervention group participants who used the app than in those who did not use the app at both 3 months (72/187, 38.5% vs 13/97, 13.4%; P<.001) and 12 months (39/187, 20.9% vs 8/97, 8.25%; P=.01). Participants in the intervention group who used the app regularly and correctly had a higher probability of not being smokers at 12 months (OR 7.20, 95% CI 2.14-24.20; P=.001) than the participants of the CG. Conclusions Regular use of an app for smoking cessation is effective in comparison with standard clinical practice. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01734421; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01734421
Determinants of Fertility in the Long Run

This study investigates the determinants of fertility using a panel data set for 43 countries from 1900 to 2010 at five-year intervals. The regression results show that fertility increases with infant mortality and national disasters and decreases with total years of educational attainment and political development. Fertility rates fall initially and then rise with an increase in income. Average years of schooling of females has a significantly negative effect on fertility rates, whereas that of males are statistically insignificant. A woman’s educational attainment at the primary and secondary levels has a pronounced negative effect on fertility rates. On the contrary, an increase in a woman’s tertiary educational attainment, with the level of a man’s remaining constant, tends to raise fertility rates, particularly in advanced countries, indicating that highly educated women can have a better environment for childrearing in a society with greater gender equality.
Dynamics of the Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) Population in Escanaba Lake, Wisconsin, 1955–72

Harvest and population dynamics of warmwater fish populations in Escanaba Lake have been under study since 1946, when complete creel census was initiated. Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were among the most important species in the sport catch. The purpose of this report is to describe dynamics of the walleye population from 1955 to 1972.Annual densities of age 3 and older walleye in spring ranged from 13 to 52/ha (mean = 34) and standing crops averaged 12.3 kg/ha. Annual densities of fall fingerlings appeared to be the most important factor influencing size of adult populations. We were unable to isolate factors that governed densities of fall fingerlings. Year-class strength was not affected by water temperatures during incubation nor by size of fall fingerlings. Growth rates of fingerling walleye were density-independent. Survival of fingerlings to age 3 averaged 12% annually; survival was not influenced by size of fingerlings nor by density of potential preda.
The relationship between area, and vegetation structure and diversity in montane forest (shola) patches in southern India

Background: The montane forests of the higher altitudes of the Western Ghats in southern India, called ‘sholas’, are naturally patchy and closely juxtaposed with grasslands. Palaeoclimatic studies have indicated that the sholas have expanded in warmer climatic regimes and the grasslands during colder climates. Therefore during the present post-glacial climatic regime sholas may be in the expansion phase. Aims: We aimed to test if sholas are in an expansion phase; in particular, if smaller sholas could be at earlier successional stages than larger sholas. Methods: We enumerated all non-climbing plants (≥ 1cm dbh) in 18 shola patches ranging from 0.09ha to 15ha in area. We tested whether species richness, basal area, and proportion of large trees (≥ 30 and ≥ 60cm dbh) increased with shola size, and rare and ‘ecotone’ species decreased with shola size. Results: As predicted, species richness, basal area and the proportion of large trees (≥ 60cm dbh) increased with shola size, whereas the proportion of rare and ‘ecotone’ species decreased with shola size, and species in smaller sholas were a nested subset of those in larger sholas. Conclusions: These results suggest that shola forests are a highly structured plant community, possibly driven by succession.
A randomisation test of the null hypothesis that two cladograms are sample estimates of a parametric phylogenetic tree

Abstract Cladograms for the same group of taxa derived using different datasets often agree extensively but are seldom identical. This disagreement may be due to the fact that cladograms are sampling estimates of the true phylogeny and as a result may differ only because of sampling error. A protocol is proposed to test the null hypothesis that two trees estimate the true or parametric phylogeny and are no more different than would be expected due to sampling error. In the event that the null hypothesis is rejected, the datasets are pruned to remove potentially confounding information, and the test of the null hypothesis is repeated. If the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, a method for combining the cladistic information from both datasets is proposed that takes account of the variability of the cladistic structure. The procedure is illustrated using morphological and molecular data from genera of the sponge Order Hadromerida (Porifera: Demospongiae).
Substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de Chamaecrista desvauxii

RESUMO – O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial da utilizacao de residuos orgânicos como componentes do substrato para producao de mudas de Chamaecrista desvauxii, vulgarmente conhecida como rabo-de-pitu, empregada na recuperacao de areas degradadas. Estabeleceram-se os tratamentos utilizando quatro tipos de substrato: lodo de esgoto (LE), casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC), palha de cafe in natura (PC in natura) e substrato comercial (SC), em diferentes proporcoes de volume. Quando as mudas atingiram 150 dias de idade, elas foram mensuradas quanto as seguintes caracteristicas: altura, diâmetro do coleto, relacao entre altura e diâmetro do coleto, massa seca da parte aerea, massa seca do sistema radicular, massa seca total, relacao entre massa seca da parte aerea e massa seca do sistema radicular e indice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Os substratos formulados com lodo de esgoto, casca de arroz carbonizada e palha de cafe in natura propiciaram os melhores resultados das caracteristicas avaliadas, sendo o tratamento com 60% LE + 20% CAC + 20% PC in natura o que proporcionou as mais adequadas caracteristicas morfologicas avaliadas na producao de Chamaecrista desvauxii.
Conformational Changes in Hemoglobin S (βE6V) Imposed by Mutation of the βGlu7–βLys132 Salt Bridge and Detected by UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy*

The impact upon molecular structure of an additional point mutation adjacent to the existing E6V mutation in sickle cell hemoglobin was probed spectroscopically. The UV resonance Raman results show that the conformational consequences of mutating the salt bridge pair, βGlu7–βLys132, are dependent on which residue of the pair is modified. The βK132A mutants exhibit the spectroscopic signatures of the R → T state transition in both the “hinge” and “switch” regions of the α1β2 interface. Both singly and doubly mutated hemoglobin (Hb) βΕ7Α exhibit the switch region signature for the R → T quaternary state transition but not the hinge signature. The absence of this hinge region-associated quaternary change is the likely origin of the observed increased oxygen binding affinity for the Hb βΕ7Α mutants. The observed large decrease in the W3 α14β15 band intensity for doubly mutated Hb βΕ7Α is attributed to an enhanced separation in the A helix-E helix tertiary contact of the β subunits. The results for the Hb A βGlu7–βLys132 salt bridge mutants demonstrate that attaining the T state conformation at the hinge region of the α1β2 dimer interface can be achieved through different intraglobin pathways; these pathways are subject to subtle mutagenic manipulation at sites well removed from the dimer interface.
Implementation of Alternative Teaching Methods by Teachers: The Role of Practical Experience and the Importance of Teacher Training.

Implementation of Alternative Teaching Methods by Teachers: The Role of Practical Experience and the Importance of Teacher Training Hassan Khalaily Institute of Education, University of Haifa September, 2019 Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated the pedagogical advantages of alternative teaching methods (ATMs) such as project-based learning, exploratory learning, collaborative learning, and technology-integrated teaching. However, their actual implementation rate is low. The research question is which factors most influence teachers to apply ATMs. A quantitative study was conducted based on completed questionnaires from 98 teachers in Arab schools in Israel. The results show that practical experience with ATMs is the factor that most strongly correlated with their implementation. These findings are different from previous studies, which emphasized the teachers‟ attitudes toward ATMs and underestimated the importance of the practical experience.
Effet du nombre de spermatozoïdes sur la fertilité de la semence conservée 24 heures chez le lapin

Effect of conservation time and number of rabbit spermatozoa on fertility. The effect of conservation time and number of rabbit spermatozoa on fertility and prolificity were deter- mined. In the first assay, the fertility of spermatozoa conserved 0! 4 h, 10-14 h and 26-30 h from semen pools at 12 and 24 millions per mL (6 and 12 millions by insemination dose) was evaluated on lac- tating multiparous does. A dose of 12 millions of spermatozoa refrigerated at 16-18 °C for 26-30 h showed a similar fertility rate than 6 millions of spermatozoa at 0! h (80.6 °lo and 82.7 %, respec- tively). In the second assay, seminal parameters between spermatozoa fresh and refrigerated, and fer- tility and prolificity rate according to the reproductive status of does were evaluated. No differences were observed in the seminal parameters (normal acrosome rate: 92 %, motility rate: 75 %, curvilinear rate-VCL-: 41 1 pm.s! ' , linear index: 57 %), fertility at birth (76 %) and prolificity (9.6 alive born) between fresh and refrigerated semen. (© Elsevier / Inra).
Importance of correlations among matrix entries in stochastic models in relation to number of transition matrices

Stochastic matrix models are used to predict population viability and the risk of extinction. Different stochastic methods require different amounts of estimation effort and may lead to divergent estimates. We used 16 transition matrices collected from ten populations of the perennial herb Primula veris to compare population estimates produced by different stochastic methods, such as selection of matrices, selection of vital rates, selection of matrix elements, and Tuljapurkar's approximation. Specifically, we tested the reliability of the methods using different numbers of transition matrices, and examined the importance of correlations among matrix entries. When correlations among matrix entries were included in the models, selection of vital rates produced the lowest and Tuljapurkar's approximation produced the highest estimates of mean population growth rates. Selection of matrices and matrix elements often produced nearly similar population estimates. Simulations based on incompletely estimated correlations among matrix entries considerably differed from those based on all correlations estimated, particularly when correlations were strong. The magnitude of correlations among matrix entries depended on the number of matrices, which made it difficult to generalize correlations within a species. Given that selection of vital rates or matrix elements is used, correlations among matrix entries should usually be included in the model, and they should preferably be estimated from the present data rather than according to other information of the species.
Variação fenotípica e estrutura da comunidade de califorídeos (Diptera: Calliphoridae) necrófagos : perspectivas ecológicas e considerações para prática forense

Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are an important group due to its habits of feeding and breeding in decomposing organic matter. To understand the ecological dynamics of this group is vital to approach their validity as biological indicators and to understand their role as pathogens vectors. This study aim is to comprehend the influence of temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the community structure of necrophagous calliphorids in an environmentally protected area in the Brazilian Cerrado, and the amount of morphological variation in wing shape among seasons and vegetation cover. We analyzed 5506 specimens of calliphorids collected from June 2017 to February 2018 in the Ecological Reserve of IBGE, in the Federal District – Central Brazil. A total of nine species was registered in the community of necrophagous calliphorids, and Chloroprocta idioidea was the most representative species (60.2%), especially in the rainy season. Chrysomya albiceps was the second most representative species in the total sample (31.5%), and it dominated the community on the dry season. The species Chrysomya putoria, and Mesembrinella bicolor were collected in low numbers (5 and one specimens respectively), raising questions regarding its status as necrophagous in the Cerrado biome. We did not find correlations between Shannon-Weaver (H') and Simpsons (C) indexes and the values of morphological variation. Thus, we conclude that community diversity is not linked to intraspecific morphological diversity.
Occurrence of homospermidine as a major polyamine in the authentic genus Flavobacterium

Polyamines in various Flavobacterium strains and related eubacteria were analyzed. The major polyamine was homospermidine in all 12 strains of the eight authentic species of the genus Flavobacterium studied (F. aquatile, F. breve, F. balustinum, F. gleum, F. meningosepticum, F. odoratum, F. multivorum, and F. spiritivorum), and in F. ferrugineum, whose taxonomic position is uncertain but related to Flavobacterium. Spermidine was not detected in these flavobacteria. In another seven Flavobacterium species that are taxonomically different from Flavobacterium and belong to other genera, homospermidine was not detected. Key words: Flavobacterium, homospermidine, spermidine, arginine decarboxylase.
Importance of Juvenile Striped Bass Food Habits in the Potomac Estuary

Abstract As part of a comprehensive striped bass population dynamics study conducted in the Potomac River in 1976, we examined the stomach contents of 703 juvenile striped bass (Morone saxatilis) to ascertain the importance of feeding patterns of this life stage to regulation of population size. Analysis of stomach data indicated that juveniles (25–100 mm) were flexible, nonselective feeders consuming mostly insect larvae, polychaetes, larval fish, mysids, and amphipods, and that food habits did not change appreciably with size up to 100 mm. Greater abundance and higher feeding success (weight of food items per individual) at nearshore collection sites indicated these to be the preferred habitat of juvenile striped bass. The composition of diet reflected changes in naturel estuarine community composition associated with prevailing salinity patterns. These results suggest that juveniles can adapt to alternative food items readily, which may be an important mechanism in lowering juvenile mortality rates com.
Effects of high potassium chloride supplementation on growth rate and renal function in mice

Fifty-four mice were assigned to a control diet group or a KCl diet group to clarify the effects of KCl supplementation on growth rate, water intake and renal function in mice, and 5% of KCl was supplemented in KCl diets for 1-4 weeks. Bodyweights of KCl supplemented mice were significantly lower than those of control mice, and bodyweights of control and KCl supplemented mice at 28 days after treatment were 45.5 and 41.2 g, respectively. Feed intake was not affected by KCl supplementation, but water intake of KCl supplemented mice was significantly higher than that of control mice. Bone weights of KCl supplemented mice at 2 weeks after treatment were significantly lower than those of control mice. Serum urea nitrogen concentration at 4 weeks and serum K and Cl concentrations at 2 weeks were significantly lower in KCl supplemented mice. Histological alteration using hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red staining was not found in the kidney of each mouse at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment. These results suggest that high KCl supplementation decreases the rate of bodyweight gain and increases water intake in mice.
Flora Europaea on CD‐ROM

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