Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coastal Marine Fauna and Marine Climates of the Americas

Geographic ranges of 968 marine species along coastal areas of the Americas, excluding the Arctic, were analysedfor co-ranges and compared with recent classifications of coastal marine and wave climates. Forty-two co-ranges and thirty-nine characteristic endpoints are reported. Many faunal boundaries correspond to those of previous studies, and thirty of the thirty-nine characteristic endpoints coincide with transition regions of the physical environment previously determined through analysis of motion fields of marine and atmospheric fluids. The hydrodynamics of the coastal marine environment give rise to the extant thermal structure of coastal waters and as such to the faunal distributional patterns exhibited. The high level of coincidence between biotic and abiotic zones of change along the coast clearly merits the use of both coastal marine fauna and the hydrodynamics of adjacent waters to establish the marine provinces of the coastal environment.
Ground water and the evolution of patterned mires, Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, northern Minnesota

(1) The hydrogeological setting of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands in Minnesota was investigated by measuring ground-water levels in observation wells, by studies of soil types and thicknesses, and by computer model experiments to simulate ground-water flow. (2) Most ground water circulates along flow paths several kilometers long that pass through the peat column and into the underlying mineral soil. (3) Most ground-water flow is probably caused by the development and persistence of large raised bogs, and occurs because of ground-water mounds (elevated water tables) under the bogs. (4) Lateral bog growth may be limited by the neutralizing of bog water acidity by ground-water discharge ('artesian' flow) at raised bog margins.
Prevalence of sleep problems and their association with inattention/hyperactivity among children aged 6–15 in Taiwan

This study investigated the 6‐month prevalence rates of sleep‐related problems and their association with daytime inadvertent napping, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional symptoms in children and adolescents. A representative school‐based sample of 2463 first to ninth graders was recruited using a multistage sampling method. The instruments included the Sleep Habits Questionnaire (including dyssomnia, parasomnia, sleep schedules, and sleep‐disordered breathing), the Chinese Health Questionnaire, and the Chinese versions of the Conners’ Parent and Teacher Rating Scales‐Revised: Short forms. The informants were mothers and teachers. The linear and nonlinear mixed models were used for statistical analyses and sex and age were controlled in the model. Results showed that the rates of middle insomnia, disturbed circadian rhythm, mouth breathing, and daytime inadvertent napping increased with age; whereas those of bedwetting, bruxism, sleep terrors decreased with age. Dyssomnia, sleep‐disordered breathing problems, daytime inadvertent napping, and sleep schedules were related to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐related symptoms as assessed by mothers’ and teachers’ ratings. Parasomnia was associated with ADHD‐related symptoms as assessed by mothers’ ratings. Our findings suggest an age trend of sleep problems similar to those found in the literature and the association of daytime inadvertent napping, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional symptoms with sleep‐related problems.
Laboratory Tests with Dursban and Other Insecticides in Soil

Test methods using common laboratory-reared, nonsoil insects such as southern armyworms, Prodenia eridania (Cramer) ; house fly larvae, Musca domestica L. ; and confused flour beetles, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal, to indicate effective soil insecticides are described. Using these new test methods and other evaluations, Dursban® insecticide (O,O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) was found to be superior to 31 other commercial insecticides (24 organophosphorus insecticides, 3 carbamates, and 4 chlorinated hydrocarbons). The activity of Dursban was surpassed only by isobenzan, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide. Insecticidal performance of Dursban was unaffected by microorganisms, fertilizers, and growing plants. Residual activity, which ranged from 9 weeks at 1 lb per acre to 1 year at 20 lb per acre, was shortened a little by moisture and higher temperatures. Dursban apparently is bound very tightly to particles of soil and organic matter as evidenced by only slight volatilization from soil and its resistance to leaching from soil by water. Initial and residual activities of Dursban were modifiable by changes in formulation.
A comparison of production, reproduction, and animal health for pastured dairy cows managed either conventionally or with use of organic principles

This study examined a seasonally calving pasture-based dairy herd in North Carolina divided into 2 groups of cows that were managed either organically or conventionally with regard to health standards. The herd consisted of Holsteins, Jerseys, and crosses of various percentages between those breeds. The study aimed to compare the effect of organic versus conventional treatment strategies on overall production, reproduction, and animal health across 4 calving seasons within a pasture-based system. There were no differences (P > 0.40) in milk production or milk components between the organic and conventional management groups, but breed group differences showed Holsteins producing at higher levels than Jerseys (P 50% Holstein had higher milk production and protein and fat production than Jerseys or cows > 50% Jersey (all P < 0.05). Somatic cell score from the organic herd (3.09) was numerically lower than in the conventional herd (3.33; P = 0.45). Crossbred cows had (P < 0.05) higher 90-d pregnancy rates than purebred cows. Proportions of cows with clinical mastitis or milk fever were not different between the management groups. Incidences of other health events (blind quarters, cystic ovaries, lameness, metritis, respiratory issues, retained placenta, udder edema) were all low, each < 1.4% and collectively < 3.6% across groups. These results support the hypothesis that an organically managed herd can be competitive with a conventional herd in terms of production, reproduction, and animal health within a pasture-based system.
Application of Rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis l.) Based Natural Antioxidant During Deep Fat Frying of Noodle

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a natural antioxidant derived from rosemary extract on the stabilization of palmolein oil during deep-fat frying of Noodles. Palmolein oil with tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a synthetic antioxidant and palmolein without antioxidant were used as positive controls. Thermo-oxidative transformation were measured according to various physical and chemical parameters. Total polar compounds (TPC), free fatty acids (FFA) were measured during the study. All the parameters evaluated in the study increased with the number of frying cycles. The order of effectiveness of antioxidants for inhibition of palmolein oil degradation in deep-noodles was: PRESOL (rosemary based extract) > TBHQ > Control. In terms of oil consumption, it was observed that noodles fried in oil with rosemary extract had lower value of oil consumption as compared to TBHQ and control. The TBHQ degradation kinetics was also evaluated with frying cycle. It showed an exponential decay with increase in frying cycles. Also samples containing natural antioxidant had a least changes in the colour as compared to TBHQ and control at the end of frying cycle.
Estacas de diferentes diâmetros na propagação de Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. - Verbenaceae

Different diameters of cuttings on the propagation of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br. - Verbenaceae. The aim of this work was to study the effect of different diameters of cuttings on the propagation and growth of Lippia alba. Cuttings of 25 cm length, with three different diameters: 0.3-0.5 cm, 0.6-0.9 cm and 1-1.2 cm, were tested. At 30 and 60 days after the planting of cuttings, the following biometric parameters were determined rooting percentage; number of buds, length of buds; dry matter of buds, cuttings and roots; and total dry matter. All diameters of cuttings presented high rates of rooting after 30 days, confirming that L. alba is an easy-to-root species. L. alba seedling production should use cuttings between 1-1.2 cm diameter, which was better than the others diameters considering most of the tested parameters.
Cage Tests to Evaluate Stink Bug Damage to Rice

Four cage tests with various population levels of rice stink bugs ( Oebalus pugnax (F.)) on rice were conducted at the Rice-Pasture Experiment Station, Beaumont, Texas, during 1960 and 1961. Increased population levels resulted in slight decreases in total yield and milling yield, and increased amounts of pecky rice. The differences were fairly consistent, but not always significant. Per acre value of rice was influenced most by losses in yield, with losses in milling yield contributing a lesser amount, and reduction in grade contributing the least amount of loss.
Relation between forest stand diversity and anticipated log quality in managed Central European forests

ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of tree species and structural diversity on the production of high-quality logs. The data were from the regional forest inventory of the University Forest Enterprise, Czech Republic, performed from 2009 to 2011 on 1188 sample plots. For every sample plot, we quantified 38 diversity indicators. The plots were divided into four age groups (young, middle-aged, old and uneven-aged stands). The anticipated proportion of high-quality logs was determined using local assortment tables. For each age group, the impact of species and structural diversity indicators on the volumetric proportion of high-quality logs was assessed using backwards multiple regression. The relationship between diversity measures and log quality changed with stand age. In old stands, horizontal structure had a more profound effect on the proportion of high-quality logs. In young stands, species diversity and vertical structure were more influential. In middle-aged stands, the impact of stand diversity on log quality was most complex. In uneven-aged stands, vertical structure was the diversity component most affecting the proportion of high-quality logs. Overall, the proportion of best quality logs increased with the increasing stand diversity in all age classes, suggesting that timber production and stand diversity are not contradictory management goals. EDITED BY Sheila Ward
The incidence of nonbreeding by adult great skuas and parasitic jaegers from Foula, Shetland

Several recent studies of seabirds have found high levels of nonbreeding by experienced adults. By contrast, just 8.9% (range 4-14%) of experienced Great Skuas (Catharacta skua) on Foula, Shetland Islands, deferred breeding between 1989-1996. For Parasitic Jaegers (Stercorarius parasiticus), a corresponding value of 5.5% (range 3-8%) was found between 1993-1994. Only 3% of the territorial pairs of Parasitic Jaegers, including new recruits, failed to lay eggs. Higher incidence of nonbreeding in Great Skuas was recorded in years when fledging production was low. Loss of mate due to death or divorce was the main direct cause of nonbreeding. Loss of territory also was important for male birds. In Great Skuas, more males missed a breeding season than females, but the same did not apply to Parasitic Jaegers. Very young and very old Great Skuas were more likely to defer breeding than mid-aged birds. Evidence is presented that the decline in breeding frequency of old birds was due to senescence as opposed to increased frequency of mate-changes resulting from a high mortality of old partners.
Metabolism of captopril carboxyl ester derivatives for percutaneous absorption

Objectives To determine the metabolism of captopril n‐carboxyl derivatives and how this may impact on their use as transdermal prodrugs. The pharmacological activity of the ester derivatives was also characterised in order to compare the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory potency of the derivatives compared with the parent drug, captopril.
Behavioral and metabolic response to a low dose administration of bacterial endotoxin for early detection of illness in goats.

Received: Revised: Accepted: September 29, 2013 January 22, 2014 January 26, 2014 Eighteen indigenous female goats of 7-8 months of age with average BW 9.8±1.04 kg (mean±SE) were randomly distributed into three equal groups (CON, LET and HET). Bacterial endotoxin (Escherichia coli O55:B5) was injected intravenously to treatment group animals at low (LET; 0.2μg/kg BW) and high (HET; 0.4μg/kg BW) doses while the animals of control (CON) group were administered an equivalent volume of normal saline. Heart rate, rectal temperature, feed and water intake and behavioral changes were studied as the main indicators of the response together with selected blood metabolites. Both the endotoxin treated-groups showed almost similar response of depression and lethargy followed by biphasic shivering, increased (P<0.05) rectal temperature with decrease activity, feed (P=0.054) and water (P<0.05) consumption. No significant differences were observed in studied behavioral, heart rate, hematological (Hb and Hct), serum protein and activity of ALT. Plasma glucose level, on the other hand, was reduced at 3h post-injection in both LET and HET as compared to CON. The serum activity of AST exhibited a significant (P<0.05) increase in HET group as compared to LET or CON. Low doses of endotoxin (~0.4 μg/kg BW) in goats mimic low concentration of circulating bacterial endotoxin, which could be ascertained from the associated behavioral and febrile responses along with changes in selected blood metabolites. ©2014 PVJ. All rights reserved
Variations in Plasma Magnesium and Potassium in Epilepsy

McCollum and his collaborators, 1 , 2 and also Greenberg and Tufts 3 have produced hyperirritability and convulsions in rats fed on a diet deficient in magnesium. Since we have found neuromuscular twitchings and convulsions in cases of clinical hypomagnesaemia, 4 since McQuarrie 5 believes that in epilepsy there is a “leakage of potassium” through the cell membrane, and since Hirschfelder 6 has shown that potassium salts can antagonize the narcotic action of magnesium, we have investigated the plasma magnesium and potassium in clinical epilepsy. We determined magnesium by the method of Hirschfelder, Serles and Haury 7 † and potassium and calcium by those of Kramer and Tisdall. 8 , 9 Total magnesium 1.7 mg. Mg or below 100 cc. plasma and ultrafiltrable Mg 0.7 or below were regarded as low; K above 30 mg. was regarded as high. In epileptics whose plasma was collected during or just before convulsions we found the following deviations from normal: In 5 cases of status epileptics low magnesium (1.2 to 1.7 mg.) occurred in 4, high potassium (35 to 68.5 mg.) occurred in 5, high potassium/magnesium ratio occurred in 5. In 13 epileptics with very severe convulsions, low magnesium (1.3 to 1.7 mg.) occurred in 9, high potassium (31.7 to 63.6 mg.) occurred in 6, high potassium/magnesium ratio occurred in 13. In 12 moderately severe epileptics low magnesium (1.6 to 1.7 mg.) occurred in 3, high potassium (31.6 to 52.8 mg.) occurred in 8, high potassium/magnesium ratio occurred in 11. In 5 epileptics with mild convulsions, low magnesium (1.6 to 1.7 mg.) occurred in 2, high potassium (31.7 to 40.2) occurred in 3, high potassium/magnesium ratio occurred in 4.
Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy

The Cancer Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Although EGFR-mutated patients generally do not benefit from checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), some patients in the KEYNOTE-001 study consistently benefited from this treatment. This study investigated immune microenvironment characteristics to identify the subgroup of patients that may benefit from ICIs. Materials and Methods: Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and Cancer Proteome Atlas, TMB and protein level of PD-L1 were explored in the patients with EGFR mutations and wild-type patients. Different patterns of EGFR mutations (according to EGFR co-mutation with different downstream pathway genesets) were used to group EGFR mutation population. Estimated infiltration analyses were used to explore changes in the immune microenvironment. Results: This study analyzed somatic mutation data from 1287 patients from five cohorts (TCGA, Broad, The Tumour Sequencing Project, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer database). The probability of EGFR mutation was approximately 14.30% (184/1287) and the co-mutation rate was 11.41% (21/184) in patients with EGFR mutations. Glycosaminoglycan-related pathways were significantly upregulated in the EGFR mutant group. EGFR-mutated patients had lower TMB and PDL1 protein levels than those in wild-type patients. Increase immature DCs infiltration and decreased NK CD56dim, T gamma delta, cytotoxic, and Th2 cell infiltration were the main immune changes in EGFR-mutated patients. Patients with EGFR-MAPK co-mutations had higher levels of TMB and PD-L1 protein expression. Meanwhile, the co-mutated patients had a similar immune microenvironment as that in wild-type patients. Conclusion: In this study, we defined a subgroup of patients with EGFR-MAPK comutations. These co-mutated patients may benefit from ICI treatment.
Components of reproductive effort in the aquatic Isopod idotea baltica

Condition index (CI), relating body weight to length, was used to indicate changes in body mass of the aquatic isopod Idotea baltica during maturation and breeding. The condition index of females increased during maturation and declined as eggs were deposited into brood pouches, whereas in males CI did not show such fluctuations. The condition index of gravid females differed significantly from that of non-ovigerous mature females but not from that of adult immature females. Thus reproduction of I. baltica is supported more by biomass accumulated during maturation than by resources drained from somatic growth. Therefore, we divided the total reproductive effort (RET) into accumulated resources (REA) and somatic costs (REs), and estimated these indices in terms of body weight changes in females. Since REA slightly exceeded RET, REs was negative and thus total effort is presumably restrained to a level at which somatic costs are not enough to cause significant survival costs of reproduction.
VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY IN ZOO REPTILES, BIRDS, AND UNGULATES

Clinical signs associated with vitamin E deficiency in zoo animals are reviewed. Ad ditionally, dietary factors (unsaturated fats, selenium, and antioxidants) and environmental variables (pollution, stress, exhibit design, and seasonality) that may alter vitamin E requirements or status are discussed. Circulating levels of a-tocopherol as a measure of vitamin E status were examined for 11 reptile, 46 avian, and 61 ungulate species. Means ranged from 3.29 /ig/ml (Testudinata) to 8.23 Mg/ml (Crocodylia) in reptiles, 7.60 ? g/ml (Gruiformes) to 37.23 ^g/nil (Falconiformes) in birds, and 0.12 ixg/m\ (Rhinocerotidae) to 3.56 Mg/ml (Tapiridae) in mammals. Plasma lipids are associated with vitamin E status; cholesterol levels (mg/dl) divided by 100 appear to provide a direct estimate of plasma a-tocopherol (/? g/ml) correlated with a lack of clinical deficiency signs in hoofstock (n = 764). Although more baseline data and controlled studies are needed, it may be possible to monitor vitamin E status in zoo animals from blood samples prior to development of clinical or pathological disease.
Regular ArticleGenetic differentiation and speciation inStomion(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): flightless beetles of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador☆

Stomionis a swarm of 13 tenebrionid beetle taxa endemic to the Galapagos Islands. The taxa show marked morphological variation, and all are flightless. They can be divided into three divergent morphological groups based on external sculpturing of the elytra. Eleven taxa were examined electrophoretically at 20 enzyme loci to measure the extent of genetic differentiation which accompanied morphological differentiation and speciation.Stomionare shown to be ideal candidates for allopatric and founder event speciation, with their limited dispersal ability, narrow distributions, and incidence of single-island endemics. Accordingly, individual heterozygosities were low in most taxa, and gene pool divergence was apparent among populations of single taxa occupying different islands. Both interspecific and intraspecific genetic identities were high, with an average I=0.88 and I=0.96, respectively. The relatively young age of the genus and the allopatric mode of speciation may account for high genetic relatedness. No clear relationship was found between allozyme phenotypes and the three morphological groups, thus, the evolution of these traits may have been facilitated by similar selection among islands of similar age and geography. The geographical distributions of the morphological groups can be used to suggest a general pattern of speciation for the group.
Temporal and Spatial Changes in a Metapopulation of the Rust Pathogen Triphragmium Ulmariae and its Host, Filipendula Ulmaria

1 The numerical dynamics of a rust disease caused by the pathogen Triphragmium ulmariae was studied in a metapopulation of 129 discrete populations of the host plant Filipendula ulmaria. 2 Over the four years 1990-1993, 37% of the populations were consistently infected by the pathogen while 43% were always healthy. In the remaining 20% of populations, the presence of disease fluctuated from year-to-year. 3 In each of the four years the incidence of disease was strongly positively correlated with the logarithm of host population size (P < 0.001). Disease incidence was also weakly affected by the type of shore on which host populations grew but not by their degree of exposure. 4 The severity of disease occurring in infected populations was weakly positively correlated with the logarithm of population size (P < 0.05). However, the relationship between the density of individuals within populations and disease prevalence showed no density-dependence. 5 The distribution of disease among populations of the metapopulation had a significant spatial component in two of the years, with infected populations being closer together than would be expected by chance.
Haemoparasites of cattle slaughtered for sale within Gboko Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria

The haemoparasitemia of cattle slaughtered in the three abattoirs in Gboko, Benue State, was determined between the months of June, 2012 and July, 2013. Four-hundred and five blood samples were collected at three abattoirs (Gboko, Yandev and Mkar). Thin, thick smears and Buffy coat preparation methods were used in the blood examination. An overall parasitemia of 28.9% (117/405) was obtained, 16.5% for single infection and 12.3% for mixed infection ( p >0.05). Abattoir-specific prevalence indicated 10.1%, 12.8% and 5.9% for Gboko, Yandev, and Mkar abattoirs respectively ( p >0.05). The single infection prevalence showed 2.7%, 2.0%, 2.0% and 9.9% for Babesia bigemina, Trypanosoma brucei, Theileria parva and Anaplasma spp respectively. Sex-related parasitemia revealed that females had higher prevalence 89 (31.8%) than males 28 (22.4%) which was statistically significant ( p 0.05). Overall mean PCV was 30.09%. The mean PCV of infected cattle was 28.07%, while that of non-infected cattle was 32.10% ( p >0.05). There was a significant difference ( p <0.0) between the number of cattle infected without anaemia and those infected and anaemic. The implications of the haemoparasites detected and anaemia on cattle production in Gboko was discussed. Ectoparasites were the primary vectors of haemoparasites, therefore levels of ectoparasites and poor management practices should be controlled in order to maximize wholesome beef for the general populace. Keywords: haemoparasites, cattle, slaughtered, sale.