Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Develop Learning Styles to Encourage Gen Zers in Their Academic Performance and Workforce

The research aimed to find out the support of information communication and technology (ICT) to encourage generation Z (Gen Zers) in their learning style in academic environment as well as a preparation for their competences to enter the workforce. The research applied a qualitative method with literature study style. The studied literature consisted of primary sources such as articles, scientific papers, and the secondary sources, such as books, and some other internet sources. The literatures were comprehended by reading, understanding, analyzing, and synthesizing them to produce new findings in the form of information from various studied sources. Data analysis was done by using content analysis method by selecting, comparing, and combining various information so that the relevant knowledge was found to clarify the learning style needed by generation Z. The results indicate that generation Z learners like to use social media in the learning process and to interact with friends and teachers. In a higher education context, technological tools are utilised for online learning. The combination of digital tools in teaching-learning process and a suitable materials for generation Z learners is also important as it will engage students in the learning process. In entering the future workforce, generation Z learners are equipped with knowledge, skills, and competencies in English to support them in finding jobs locally and regionally.
The effect of ash, water vapor, and heterogeneous chemistry on the evolution of a Pinatubo-size volcanic cloud

Abstract. We employ the ECHAM5/MESSy2 atmospheric chemistry general circulation model (EMAC) that incorporates calculations of gas-phase and heterogeneous chemistry coupled with the ozone cycle and aerosol formation, transport, and microphysics to calculate the 1991 Pinatubo volcanic cloud. We considered simultaneous injections of SO2, volcanic ash, and water vapor. We conducted multiple ensemble simulations with different injection configurations to test the evolution of SO2, SO42-, ash masses, stratospheric aerosol optical depth, surface area density (SAD), and the stratospheric temperature response against available observations. We found that the volcanic cloud evolution is sensitive to the altitude where volcanic debris is initially injected and the initial concentrations of the eruption products that affect radiative heating and lofting of the volcanic cloud. The numerical experiments with the injection of 12 Mt SO2, 75 Mt of volcanic ash, and 150 Mt of water vapor at 20 km show the best agreement with the observation aerosol optical depth and stratospheric temperature response. Volcanic water injected by eruptive jet and/or intruding through the tropopause accelerates SO2 oxidation. But the mass of volcanic water retained in the stratosphere is controlled by the stratospheric temperature at the injection level. For example, if volcanic materials are released in the cold point above the tropical tropopause, most of the injected water freezes and sediments as ice crystals. The water vapor directly injected into the volcanic cloud increases the SO42- mass and stratospheric aerosol optical depth by about 5 %. The coarse ash comprises 98 % of the ash injected mass. It sediments within a few days, but aged submicron ash could stay in the stratosphere for a few months providing SAD for heterogeneous chemistry. The presence of ash accelerates the SO2 oxidation by 10 %–20 % due to heterogeneous chemistry, radiative heating, lofting, and faster dispersion of volcanic debris. Ash aging affects its lifetime and optical properties, almost doubling the ash radiative heating. The 2.5-year simulations show that the stratospheric temperature anomalies forced by radiative heating of volcanic debris in our experiments with the 20 km injection height agree well with observations and reanalysis data. This indicates that the model captures the long-term evolution and climate effect of the Pinatubo volcanic cloud. The volcanic cloud's initial lofting, facilitated by ash particles' radiative heating, controls the oxidation rate of SO2. Ash accelerates the formation of the sulfate layer in the first 2 months after the eruption. We also found that the interactive calculations of OH and heterogeneous chemistry increase the volcanic cloud sensitivity to water vapor and ash injections. All those factors must be accounted for in modeling the impact of large-scale volcanic injections on climate and stratospheric chemistry.
Weather Research and Forecasting—Fire Simulated Burned Area and Propagation Direction Sensitivity to Initiation Point Location and Time

: Wildland ﬁre behavior models are often initiated using the detection information listed in incident reports. This information carries an unknown amount of uncertainty, though it is often the most readily available ignition data. To determine the extent to which the use of detection information affects wildland ﬁre forecasts, this research examines the range of burned area values and propagation directions resulting from different initiation point locations and times. We examined the forecasts for ten Colorado 2018 wildland ﬁre case studies, each initiated from a set of 17 different point locations, and three different starting times (a total of 520 case study simulations). The results show that the range of forecast burned area and propagation direction values is strongly affected by the location of the initiation location, and to a lesser degree by the time of initiation.
U/U and dSr in peat as tracers of paleosalinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA

The purpose of this study was to determine the history of paleosalinity over the past 6000+ years in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta), which is the innermost part of the San Francisco Estuary. We used a combination of Sr and U concentrations, dSr values, and U/U activity ratios (AR) in peat as proxies for tracking paleosalinity. Peat cores were collected in marshes on Browns Island, Franks Wetland, and Bacon Channel Island in the Delta. Cores were dated using Cs, the onset of Pb and Hg contamination from hydraulic gold mining, and C. A proof of concept study showed that the dominant emergent macrophyte and major component of peat in the Delta, Schoenoplectus spp. , incorporates Sr and U and that the isotopic composition of these elements tracks the ambient water salinity across the Estuary. Concentrations and isotopic compositions of Sr and U in the three main water sources contributing to the Delta (seawater, Sacramento River water, and San Joaquin River water) were used to construct a three-end-member mixing model. Delta paleosalinity was determined by examining variations in the distribution of peat samples through time within the area delineated by the mixing model. The Delta has long been considered a tidal freshwater marsh region, but only peat samples from Franks Wetland and Bacon Channel Island have shown a consistently fresh signal (<0.5 ppt) through time. Therefore, the eastern Delta, which occurs upstream from Bacon Channel Island along the San Joaquin River and its tributaries, has also been fresh for this time period. Over the past 6000+ years, the salinity regime at the western boundary of the Delta (Browns Island) has alternated between fresh and oligohaline
Investigation on moisture susceptibility and rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures incorporating nanosilica modified binder

This paper presents the outcome of a laboratory investigation on mix design, resilient modulus, moisture susceptibility and rutting resistance of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) and Dense Graded Asphalt (AC) that is incorporated with Nanosilica (NS) modified binder. Penetration Grade 60-70 (PEN60-70) types of binder were mixed with nanoparticles (NS) using concentration of 0wt%, 2wt%, 4wt% and 6wt% by weight of asphalt binder. The mixtures were tested for resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength and rutting, in order to evaluate the performance of NS-SMA and NS-AC. The results show that the existence of NS is capable of enhancing the performance of both asphalt mixtures, and the addition of NS decreases the susceptibility of moisture damage and provides better resistance against permanent deformation. Furthermore, the addition of 4wt% NS appears to be the most effective amount for the performance enhancement in AC and SMA mixtures.
Analysis of SMA Hybrid Composite Structures in MSC.Nastran and ABAQUS

A thermoelastic constitutive model for shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators embedded in a composite structure, termed an SMA hybrid composite (SMAHC), was recently implemented in the commercial finite element codes MSC.Nastran and ABAQUS. The model can be easily implemented in any code that has the capability for analysis of laminated composite structures with temperature-dependent material properties. The model is also relatively easy to use, and requires input of only fundamental engineering properties. A brief description of the model is presented, followed by a discussion of implementation and usage in commercial codes. Results are presented from static and dynamic analysis of SMAHC beams of two types: a beam clamped at each end and a cantilever beam. Nonlinear static (post-buckling) and random response analyses are demonstrated for the first specimen. Static deflection (shape) control is demonstrated for the cantilever beam. Approaches for modeling SMAHC material systems with embedded SMA in ribbon and small round wire product forms are demonstrated and compared. The results from commercial codes are compared with those from a research code as validation of commercial implementations; excellent correlation is achieved in all the cases.
EXPERIMENTS AND MODELLING OF CAVITATING FLOWS IN VENTURI: ATTACHED SHEET CAVITATION

Correlated experimental and numerical studies were carried out to analyse cavitating flows and to desc ribe the twophase flow structures of attached sheet cavitation in Venturi geometries. New double optical probe measurements were performed and special data processing methods were developed to estimate void ratio and velocity field s for cold water flows. By applying a computational method previously developed in LEGI Laboratory based on the code Fine TM /Turbo and on a barotropic approach, several steady calculatio ns were performed in cold water cavitating flows. L ocal and global analyses were proposed based on comparisons between experimental and numerical results.
A Heuristic Approach to Explore: The Value of Perfect Information

This research introduces a new heuristic decision model called myopic-value of perfect information (VPI) to study multiarmed bandit (MAB) problems. The myopic-VPI approach only involves ranking the alternatives and computing a one-dimensional integration to obtain the expected future value of exploration. Because myopic-VPI is intuitive and does not involve solving a dynamic programming problem, it has the potential to serve as a useful heuristic approach to model exploration-exploitation tradeoffs. We conduct a series of simulation experiments to study its performance relative to other heuristics under a wide range of parameterizations. We find that myopic-VPI provides significant savings in computational time and decent performance in accumulated utility (although not the strongest) relative to other forward-looking heuristics; this suggests that it is a useful “fast-and-frugal” heuristic. Furthermore, our simulation experiments also reveal the conditions under which myopic-VPI outperforms and underperforms compared with other heuristics. Its empirical performance in the diaper category further shows that myopic-VPI can save estimation time significantly and fit the data on par with index and near-optimal, providing encouraging news that myopic-VPI could be added to the researcher’s or practitioner’s toolkit for MAB problems. This paper was accepted by Gui Liberali, marketing. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019. 00578 .
TNFR2 and Regulatory T Cells: Potential Immune Checkpoint Target in Cancer Immunotherapy

TNF has both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory effects. It binds to two structurally related but functionally distinct receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2. Unlike TNFR1 that is ubiquitously expressed, TNFR2 expression is more limited to myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages including a fraction of regulatory T cells (Treg). In general, TNFR1 is responsible for TNF-mediated cell apoptosis and death, and mostly induces proinflammatory reactions. However, TNFR2 mainly leads to functions related to cell survival and immune suppression. Treg play an indispensable role in maintaining immunological self-tolerance and restraining excessive immune reactions deleterious to the host. Impaired Treg-mediated immune regulation has been observed in various autoimmune diseases as well as in cancers. Therefore, Treg might provide an ideal therapeutic target for diseases where the immune balance is impaired and could benefit from the regulation of Treg properties. TNFR2 is highly expressed on Treg in mice and in humans, and TNFR2+ Treg reveal the most potent suppressive capacity. TNF-TNFR2 ligation benefits Treg proliferation, although the effect on Treg suppressive function remains controversial. Here, we will describe in detail the TNF-mediated regulation of Treg and the potential clinical applications in cancer immunotherapy as well as in autoimmune diseases, with the focus on human Treg subsets.
Synergistic Effects of ( 2 )-Epigallocatechin Gallate with ( 2 )-Epicatechin, Sulindac, or Tamoxifen on Cancer-preventive Activity in the Human Lung Cancer Cell Line PC-9 1

The study on incorporation of [ 3 H]( 2 )-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into human lung cancer cell line PC-9 indicated that the [ 3 H]EGCG incorporation was significantly enhanced by ( 2 )-epicatechin, an inert tea polyphenol without a galloyl moiety. ( 2 )-Epicatechin enhanced apoptosis, growth inhibition of PC-9 cells, and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor- a release from BALB/c-3T3 cells by EGCG and other tea polyphenols with a galloyl moiety in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the effects of EGCG on induction of apoptosis were also synergistically enhanced by other cancer-preventive agents, such as sulindac and tamoxifen. This paper reports significant evidence that whole green tea is a more reason-able mixture of tea polyphenols for cancer prevention in humans than EGCG alone and that it is even more effective when it is used in combination with other cancer preventives. corresponding to ; 2 3 10 4 –10 5 cells/ml was used as the source in a sandwich ELISA with a primary antihistone antibody coated on the microtiter plate and a secondary anti-DNA antibody coupled to peroxidase. Amounts of oligonucleosome released into cytoplasm were detected by their absorbance at 415 nm. The results were confirmed by two independent experiments performed in duplicate.
Influence of Filler Dispersion on Mechanical Behavior with Large-Scale Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Filler morphology impact the physical properties of filled rubber. Two large-scale coarse-grained models containing 1,000 filler particles and 20,000,000 polymer beads were created and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations based on Kremer-Grest model were carried out in order to investigate a relationship between filler morphology and mechanical behavior. One is an aggregated model including a non-homogeneous filler distribution which is determined by TEM image analysis, and the other is a uniformity arranged model in which filler particles are distributed in lattice pattern. Comparing stress-strain curves of both models under cyclic deformation stretching toλ = 2.0, we confirmed that effects of filler morphology observed in experimental results were reproduced qualitatively by our simulations. The effects of filler morphology are differences of mechanical behavior, modulus and hysteresis of the aggregated model are greater than the uniformity arranged model and that remains in subsequent cycles. Analyzing stresses of both models, we found the differences are mainly attributed to filler stress induced during deformation. Fillers are to be contacted with another adjacent filler particle during deformation and filler stress grows when fillers are aggregated. In addition, differences in contact direction of fillers between loading and unloading increase hysteresis of the aggregated model. Breakage of filler aggregate due to the contacts between fillers in the 1st loading causes stress-softening as contact force and area decrease. We focused on changes of length of polymer-paths bridging filler particles and measured those in the uniformity arranged model in order to study a origin of stress which result from polymer chains dynamics. It was found that polymer-paths become longer to adjust the increase of filler-filler distance particularly in the 1st loading, and the change of polymer-paths in subsequent cycles are lesser than the 1st loading. This irreversible change of polymer network causes hysteresis and stress-softening derived from polymer dynamics.
Students’ Perspectives on Courses Evaluation in Universities: A Case of Archbishop Mihayo University College of Tabora (Amucta), Tanzania

: The study investigated the students’ perspectives on courses evaluation at AMUCTA as a case among universities. The low rate of students’ participation in courses evaluation had raised concerns among some academic staff on the university’s self-evaluation and quality assurance mechanism at the institution. However, the factors for the issues of concern among the staff were not known besides the fact that courses evaluation was a compulsory exercise in the institution and no known study had been done on the matter. The study employed concurrent mixed methods research design. Four research questions and hypotheses guided the study. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 228 third year students who were randomly selected. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic approach by identification of themes. The findings indicated that the students saw courses evaluation as an important exercise although they had low morale to take part in the exercise. Furthermore, there had been no feedback given to the students from the evaluation reports nor any measures taken on what they always proposed. Students’ demographic characteristics had no statistic significant effect on their rating of the effectiveness of and satisfaction with courses evaluation. The study concludes that the factors for the low rate of students’ participation in courses evaluation stemmed from the AMUCTA environment. Their concerns about the impact of courses evaluation in their studies made them respond to the questionnaires at low rate though the alternative solutions that they provided were viable. Hence, the study recommends to the management to revisit the practice of courses evaluation at the institution and address students’ concerns.
Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertiziation on Sugar Beet Yield , Quality and Some Water Relations in Heavy Clay Soils

Two field experiments during the winter seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 were conducted at the North Nile Delta region Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm(31 ̄ 07° N Latitude, 30 ̄ 57° E longitude) to investigate the water behavior of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) crop under different rates and doses of nitrogen fertilization on yield, some yield attributes, quality and some water relations. A split-split plot design with four replicates was used in the present study, where the main plots were randomly assigned by irrigation treatments which were irrigation at 55, 70 and 85% depletion of available soil moisture (I1,I2 and I3, respectively). While, sub-main plots were also randomly assigned by nitrogen rates which were N1, N2 and N3 (application of 30, 60 and 90 kg N/fed., respectively). Also, sub-sub main plots were randomly assigned by nitrogen doses which were as one, two equal and three equal doses through the growing season D1 , D2 and D3, respectively. The results indicated that the highest values of water applied, consumptive use and water storage were recorded under I1 in the two growing seasons and the values were (2751.0, 2790,4), (2235.5, 2250.2) and 2300.13, 2325.96 m/ fed. On the contrary, the lowest values of the above-mentioned studied parameters were recorded under I3 and the values were 2259.6, 2293.2 and 1800.0, 1832.1 and 1990.18 and 2045.41 m/ fed. For water applied, consumptive use and water storage in the first and second seasons, respectively. Concerning with water productively (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW), the highest mean values were recorded under I1 and the mean values were 13.94, 14.01 kg / m for WP and11.34, 11.30 kg / m for PIW, but the lowest mean values were recorded under I3 and the values were 12.65, 12.55 kg / m and 10.08 and 10.03 kg / m for WP and PIW in the first and second seasons, respectively.
Thermal history of the Horoman peridotite complex; a record of thermal perturbation in the lithospheric mantle

The ascent history of the Horoman peridotite complex, Hokkaido, northern Japan, is revised on the basis of a detailed study of large ortho- and clinopyroxene grains 1 cm in size (megacrysts) in the Upper Zone of the complex. The orthopyroxene megacrysts exhibit distinctive M-shaped Al zoning patterns, which were not observed in porphyroclastic grains less than 5 mm in size described in previous studies. Moreover, the Al and Ca contents of the cores of the orthopyroxene megacrysts are lower than those of the porphyroclasts. The Upper Zone is inferred to have resided not only at a higher temperature than previously suggested but also at a higher pressure (1070C, 23 GPa) than the Lower Zone (950C, 19 GPa), in the garnet stability field, before the ascent of the two zones. The Horoman complex probably represents a 12 5k m thick section of lithospheric mantle with an 10 8C/km vertical thermal gradient. The current thickness of the Horoman complex is3 km, which is a result of shortening of the lithospheric mantle by 025 01 during its ascent. The Upper Zone appears to have experienced a heating event during its ascent through the spinel stability field, with a peak temperature as high as 1200C. The effect of heating decreases continuously towards the base of the complex, and the lowermost part of the Lower Zone underwent very minor heating at a pressure higher than 05 GPa. The uplift and associated deformation, as well as heating, was probably driven by the ascent of a hot asthenospheric upper-mantle diapir into the Horoman lithosphere.