Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of walking and summer stress on physiological, heamatological and antioxidant profiles in mithun bulls

The study was conducted to evaluate effect of walking stress on physiological, heamatological and antioxidant profiles in mithun bulls. Mithun bulls (12) of adult age of 4 to 6 yr (500–600 kg body weight) with body condition score 5–6 were selected and divided into group 1 (6): control (not exposed to walking and thermal stress) and group 2 (6): treatment (exposed to walking and thermal stress). The treatment group was allowed to walk 15 km to and fro from the farm without allowing grazing. The control animals were kept in the adjacent shed covered with asbestos sheets and surrounded by big trees. The time of walking was from 0900 h to 1400 h. The experiment was conducted during summer (May to July). Immediately after stress, the animals were restrained and physiological parameters such as rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), heart rate (HR), skin temperature (ST) were measured. Meanwhile, blood samples were collected to study the heamatological such as red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and antioxidant profiles such as reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSHRx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxide such as malondialdehyde (MDA). The result revealed that physiological, heamatological profiles and MDA were significantly higher and antioxidant profiles were significantly lowered in stressed animals than in unstressed animal group. It was concluded that the walking stress and hot summer stress has significantly affected the performance of mithun.
The 1997-98 El Niño event in Panama and Galápagos: An update of thermal stress indices relative to coral bleaching

Associations were examined between warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (mostly associated with the occurrence of warm El Nino-Southern Oscillation events) and coral bleaching in Academy Bay, Galapagos Is, and Naos Is. , Gulf of Panama, in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Various SST-related metrics potentially associated with bleaching occurrence were computed. These quantities suggested that the 1997-98 event, considered one of the strongest in recent history, was comparable in intensity to the strong 1982-83 event for the regions studied. Previously established bleaching conditions' (function of maximum annual SST values and a degree-days index) were shown to be valid for the 1997-98 ENSO event. In Galapagos, the 1997-98 metrics fell within the previously identified bleaching conditions' and bleaching indeed was observed (although not so severe as earlier and populations subsequently recovered) In the Gulf of Panama, the metrics' values were outside the range of bleaching conditions and no bleaching was detected. Lower coral mortality in Galapagos in 1997-98 may have been due in part to the timing of largest SST anomalies and to SST fluctuations in early 1998. Additionally, since current coral populations in the Galapagos have originated from coral survivors and their progeny following the 1982-83 disturbance, the presently-observed lower mortality rates may also have resulted from host/symbiont combinations more resistant to high temperatures.
Distribuição e abundância do ictioplâncton na área da Estação Ecológica de Anavilhanas, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil

Analisou-se a abundancia, transporte e distribuicao do ictioplancton na area da ESEC Anavilhanas, rio Negro, Amazonas, e suas relacoes com nivel fluviometrico, velocidade da corrente, temperatura, oxigenio, pH e condutividade eletrica, verificando-se os microhabitats preferenciais para desova, dispersao e criacao de peixes. As coletas foram realizadas na vazante/2001 e enchente/2002 ao longo de 100km, em cinco sub-areas, nas praias, barrancos, canais e paranas, constituindo 20 estacoes, amostradas a noite e de dia, na superficie e no fundo. A distribuicao sazonal foi analisada mensalmente (dezembro/1999 a novembro/2001). Foram capturados 1.414 ovos (9,57%) e 13.387 larvas (91,43%. Foram identificadas 15 familias: sete (Characiformes), cinco (Siluriformes), duas (Periciformes) e uma (Clupeiformes), sendo as dominantes Engraulididae (53,55%), Hypophthalmidade (24,91%, Auchenipteridae (7,93%) e Sciaenidae (5,27%). O modelo estatistico (ANOVA) hierarquico 3 fatores (microhabitat, profundidade e periodo) revelou maiores abundancias de Sciaenidae nos barrancos e menores nos canais para Engraulididae. As maiores capturas foram obtidas em temperaturas menores, no fundo de dia e na superficie a noite, sugerindo um comportamento larval ativo de migracao vertical. O ictioplancton ocorreu em todas sub-areas e microhabitats, e em todos os meses do ano, com maiores abundancias na enchente. A velocidade de subida do rio, foi correlacionada com a abundancia de Hypophthalmus spp. A presenca das quatro fases ontogenicas nas sub-areas para Hypophthalmus spp. e Plagioscion spp. , e tres para Engraulididae (Archovia surinamensis, Lycengrulis cf. batesi), indicam que a ESEC Anavilhanas, e uma importante area de reproducao e desenvolvimento inicial para essas especies de peixes do rio Negro.
Effect of Nitrogen Application on Active Oxygen Species, Senescence, Photosynthesis, and Growth in Cucumber ‘Jinchun No. 5’ Seedlings

To gain a physiological understanding of applying nitrogen to cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), three treatment plots of ‘Jinchun No. 5’ seedlings were prepared for three levels of nitrogen application using low (L, 0.0 g·kg), medium (M, 0.4 g·kg), and high (H, 0.8 g·kg) amounts of urea. The specified amount of urea was applied to the dry culture medium of each texting group at three time points: before planting, then at 27 and 43 days after sowing. The following indicators of active oxygen species and senescence were observed in L: soluble protein was low and malondialdehyde (MDA) high in the cotyledons on the 18th day after sowing, and active oxygen species superoxide anion (O2 ̇̄ ) and MDA were high, while soluble protein and chlorophyll were low in the 2nd and 3rd leaves on the 42nd and 52nd days. Therefore, no nitrogen application in L resulted in active oxygen generation and membrane lipid peroxidation, as well as accelerated senescence in the cucumber ‘Jinchun No. 5’ seedlings. In contrast, in H, soluble protein was high in the cotyledons on the 18th day after sowing, O2 ̇̄ , hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and MDA were high on the 42nd, 52nd, and 62nd days, respectively, and soluble protein and chlorophyll were high on the 52nd and 62nd days. These results indicate that an excessive application of nitrogen resulted in active oxygen generation and membrane lipid peroxidation, but also delayed senescence at the same time. The photosynthetic properties and growth of the transpiration rate (E), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), plant height, number of leaves, and shoot fresh weight decreased in L, indicating that active oxygen species, senescence, and E were associated with decreased photosynthesis and growth in the cucumber ‘Jinchun No. 5’ seedlings due to a lack of nitrogen application. Conversely, in H, a decrease in stomatal conductance (gs), E on the 42nd day, followed by an increase on the 62nd day, suggests that in the leaf mid-growth phase of the seedlings, active oxygen species and E were associated with decreased photosynthesis due to excess nitrogen application. However, delayed senescence was associated with maintaining gs, E, and Pn in the late growth phase of the leaves. Moreover, plant height, the number of leaves, and shoot fresh weight showed decreases on the 42nd, 52nd, and 62nd days, respectively, showing the adverse effects of excess nitrogen application on the growth of cucumber ‘Jinchun No. 5’ seedlings. Discipline: Horticulture Additional key words: malondialdehyde, net photosynthesis rate, shoot fresh weight, superoxide anion, transpiration rate
Estimate of biomass and carbon pools in disturbed and undisturbed oak forests in Tunisia

Aim of the study . To estimate biomass and carbon accumulation in a young and disturbed forest (regenerated after a tornado) and an aged cork oak forest (undisturbed forest) as well as its distribution among the different pools (tree, litter and soil). Area of study. The north west of Tunisia Material and methods . Carbon stocks were evaluated in the above and belowground cork oak trees, the litter and the 150 cm of the soil. Tree biomass was estimated in both young and aged forests using allometric biomass equations developed for wood stem, cork stem, wood branch, cork branch, leaves, roots and total tree biomass based on combinations of diameter at breast height, total height and crown length as independent variables. Main results . Total tree biomass in forests was 240.58 Mg ha -1 in the young forest and 411.30 Mg ha -1 in the aged forest with a low root/shoot ratio (0.41 for young forest and 0.31 for aged forest). Total stored carbon was 419.46 Mg C ha -1 in the young forest and 658.09 Mg C ha -1 in the aged forest. Carbon stock (Mg C ha -1 ) was estimated to be113.61(27.08%) and 194.08 (29.49%) in trees, 3.55 (0.85%) and 5.73 (0.87%) in litter and 302.30 (72.07%) and 458.27 (69.64%) in soil in the young and aged forests, respectively. Research highlights . Aged undisturbed forest had the largest tree biomass but a lower potential for accumulation of carbon in the future; in contrast, young disturbed forest had both higher growth and carbon storage potential. Keywords : Tree biomass; disturbance; allometry; cork oak forests; soil organic carbon stock.
The description of Hypoglossum subsimplex sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Florida Keys, Gulf of Mexico

Hypoglossum subsimplex sp. nov. est decrit de Florida Keys, Golfe du Mexique, ce qui porte a huit le nombre total d'especes d'Hypoglossum rencontrees dans l'Atlantique tropical occidental et subtropical. Les caracteres distinctifs de cette nouvelle espece comprennent une taille tres reduite (jusqu'a 6 mm de hauteur), des lames generalement simples ou sub-simples, des sores tetrasporangiaux longs et continus, des tetrasporocystes limites a la couche primaire, et l'absence de cortication de la nervure
Tamanho de unidades experimentais básicas e tamanho ótimo de parcelas para nabo-forrageiro

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of the basic experimental unit size (BEU) on the optimum plot size estimation for the evaluation of forage turnip ( Raphanus sativus ) fresh matter weight. Data from fresh matter weight of 3,456 BEUs of 0.5×0.5 m (0.25 m 2 ) were used, and 36 BEU plans, with sizes from 0.25 to 16 m 2 , were formed. For each BEU plan, the optimum plot size was determined by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation model. The least significant difference was calculated by Tukey’s test in 2,016 scenarios formed by the combinations of 36 optimum plot sizes (one for each BEU plan), i treatments (i = 5, 10, 15, and 20), and r replicates (r = 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15, and 20), considering both the completely randomized designs and the complete block ones. Optimum plot size depends on the size of the basic experimental unit. In uniformity trials with forage turnip, the evaluation of fresh matter weight should be done in basic experimental units with the smallest possible size.
Nutritive Value Assessment of Four Crop Residues by Proximate Composition and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Techniques

This study estimated the proximate composition and in vitro gas production parameters of rice husk, bean waste, citrus pulp and maize stover, in a rumen incubation system. The incubation was for 24 h with measurement of gas production volume over incubation periods of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 hours. The crude protein ranged 1.92 to 11.75% and the crude fibre ranged between 9.68 and 45.09%. The potential gas production (a+b) was rated highest in both citrus pulp and maize stover (48.33 ml), next was bean waste (42.00 ml) and lowest was rice husk (25 ml). The ranges of values of metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and short chain fatty acids(SCFA) were 6.33 to 9.24 MJ/kg DM, 52.70 to 64.69 % and 0.94 to 1.09 μmol respectively. The values of ME, OMD and SCFA ranked as, citrus pulp > maize stover> bean waste > rice husk. The higher values obtained for the potential gas production (a+b), ME, OMD and SCFA in citrus pulp and maize stover could imply higher nutrient availability for the rumen micro-organisms. The results revealed that citrus pulp and maize stover could be of higher nutritional value in ruminants feed than bean waste, while rice husk was lowest.
Monitoring Dairy Silage for Five Bacterial Groups with Potential for Human Pathogenesis.

Two types of silage routinely used at a dairy research facility were monitored over a 20 month period for five bacterial groups which have been associated with human pathogenesis. Those monitored were Listeria monocytogenes , Yersinia enterocolitica (motile), motile aeromonads, Campylobacter sp. , and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli . Of 46 total silage samples, 8.7% were positive for L monocytogenes , 6.5% for Y. enterocolitica , and 10.9% for motile aeromonads. Campylobacter spp. and enterohemorrhagic E. coli were not isolated. The presence of pathogens was associated with elevated pH in silage samples.
Factores asociados con la calidad de la carne. I parte: la terneza de la carne bovina en 40 empresas ganaderas de la región Caribe y el Magdalena Medio

The methodology developed to evaluate the organoleptic quality of beef began with the classification of 46,155 cattle carcasses that supplied five processing plants located in La Dorada, Monteria, Sincelejo, Valledupar and Barranquilla using the National System of Classification of Carcasses and Cuts of Beef developed by the Colombian Institute of Food Technology, ICTA (Colombia National University). With this information 465 cattle enterprises were identified as producers of optimal grade carcasses (4 and 5 stars) and technical, production and economic information was collected in 122 of those. This allowed for selecting 40 of the best enterprises in the Caribbean and mid-Magdalena regions, eight per packing plant. Samples of muscle tissue (Longissimus dorsi) were collected from three carcasses for each processing plant in order to evaluate resistance to cutting (tenderness) according to the Warner Bratzler technique for a total of 120 samples. Statistically significant (P< 0.0001) differences were found for the force of resistance to cutting with respect to the genetic type used and the enterprise sampled. Mean resistance to cutting was 4.81 ± 0.94 kgf (cv 19.43%), with age of sacrifice of the animal being an important factor. The tenderness of the meat samples from hybrids between Zebu and Bos taurus (Brown Swiss) and Romosinuano native breed, with 3.05 and 3.95 kgf, respectively, was notable. Additionally, greatest meat tenderness was found when nutritional supplementation was offered to the animals in the form of premixes, with values of resistance to cutting of 2.65 ± 0.33 kgf.
Size at maturity of the Pacific bearded brotula (Ophidiidae: Brotula clarkae): a commercially exploited species in the Pacific of Costa Rica

The deep-water shrimp fishery is of great commercial importance along the Pacific coast of Latin America. In Costa Rica, shrimp resources have declined considerably over the last decade. Therefore, fisheries have shifted towards teleost species such as the Pacific bearded brotula Brotula clarkae . Little is known about the biology and life history of this species, which is becoming increasingly valuable to artisanal and semiindustrial fishers in Costa Rica. A sample of 348 B. clarkae was obtained along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica between March 2011 and July 2012 to obtain baseline information of this species. The results revealed that the size at sexual maturity of B. clarkae was 71.9 cm T L , considerably higher than previously reported for South American populations. Since the size at maturity may vary between populations in different geographic locations, detailed information of the reproductive biology of widely distributed species such as B. clarkae is critical for developing effective management approaches.
Pollen transfer and diurnal versus nocturnal pollination in Lonicera etrusca

Nous avons etudie les aspects fondamentaux de la reproduction et de la pollinisation de Lonicera etrusca G. Santi (Caprifoliaceae) dans le nord-ouest de la Peninsule Iberique. Nos resultats indiquent que l'espece est auto-compatible et que ses fleurs sont dichogames. La production de fruits necessite la pollinisation par les insectes. Les niveaux d'apparition de fruits consecutifs au transfert de pollen xenogame et geitonogame (65.5% et 43.1% respectivement) ne different pas significativement des temoins (53.8%). L'apparition de fruits consecutive a l'autogamie est nulle. Les principaux pollinisateurs sont Bombus terrestris (51.4% des visites), Xylocopa violacea (18.6%) et Macroglossum stellatarum (8.2%). L'apparition de fruits est 3,5 fois plus elevee lorsque seule la pollinisation diurne est possible que lorsque seule l'est la pollinisation nocturne
Queer Survey Research and the Ontological Dimensions of Heterosexism

From the perspective of critical psychology, I offer one example of a survey instrument—developed with and through queer theoretical frames—that reflects a commitment both to statistical rigor and feminist objectivity. This instrument, the Sexual Orientation Beliefs Scale (SOBS), examines complex relationships between heterosexist attitudes and ontologies of sexuality—in other words, beliefs about what sexual orientation actually is. I argue that the SOBS’s unique analytic potential is to reveal relationships between attitudes and beliefs that are otherwise obscured by hegemonic discourse about biological essentialism. Finally, I introduce the results of one study that took a “person-centered” analytic approach, as opposed to a “variable-centered” approach, and found evidence of the weakness of biological-determinist beliefs about sexual orientation in distinguishing between individuals with high versus low levels of modern homonegativity. I suggest that with queer theory-informed instrumentation, this person-centered approach possesses a provisional capacity to function as a “queer method. ”
Food digestibility and water requirements in the D jungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus

Studying the digestibility of a defined food mixture and the effects of negative water balance, very high digestion coefficients and a remarkable resistance against reduced water intake were found in the Djungarian hamster. Coefficients of digestibility were determined as 90.6 % for dry matter, 91.2 % for carbon, 80.2 % for crude protein and 91.9 % for energy. Assimilation level was estimated as 88.4 % of U.S. Copyright Clearance Center Code Statement: 0044-3468/85/5001-0035 $ 02.50/0 Z. Säugetierkunde 50 (1985) 35-39 © 1985 Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin ISSN 0044-3468 / InterCode: ZSAEA 7 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary. org/
REVIEW ARTICLE Structures and metal-ion-binding properties of the Ca 2+ -binding helix-loop-helix EF-hand motifs

2+ -binding motif plays an essential role in eukaryotic cellular signalling, and the proteins containing this motif constitute a large and functionally diverse family. The EFhand is defined by its helix–loop–helix secondary structure as well as the ligands presented by the loop to bind the Ca 2+ ion. The identity of these ligands is semi-conserved in the most common (the ‘canonical’) EF-hand; however, several non-canonical EFhands exist that bind Ca 2+ by a different co-ordination mechanism. EF-hands tend to occur in pairs, which form a discrete domain so that most family members have two, four or six EF-hands. This pairing also enables communication, and many EF-hands display positive co-operativity, thereby minimizing the Ca 2+ signal
Effect of germination and dehulling on the nutritive value of soybean

Purpose Soybean has great nutritional potential. Its high protein content makes it an alternative protein source to milk in situations where milk cannot be used due to allergic reactions or intolerance. However, the potential benefits of soybean might be limited by the presence of antinutritional factors, including trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA). The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of dehulling and germination on the nutritive value of the soy flour and on the factors that could negatively affect the nutritional potential of the bean. Design/methodology/approach Soybean seeds were soaked for 24 h and allowed to germinate for one to three days. Soaked soybeans were manually dehulled and the flours obtained were evaluated for nutritional and antinutritional factors. Findings Dehulling and germination produce significant increase in crude protein and crude fiber and ash content (p = 0.05). Crude fat and starch content decreased, but the reduction was insignificant. Trypsin inhibitor levels were significantly lower after germination and dehulling of the seeds (p = 0.05). Originality/value Dehulling and germination are cost-effective processing techniques to improve the nutritional quality of the legume.
Effect of modified resistant starch of culinary banana on physicochemical, functional, morphological, diffraction, and thermal properties

ABSTRACT Resistant starch has received much attention for both its potential health benefits and functional properties. The present study revealed that the culinary banana can be a potential source for production of resistant starch type III. The results showed that resistant starch yield can be increased using debranching enzyme (Pullulanase EC 3.2.1.41) and hydrothermal process. The three repeated autoclaving and cooling (hydrothermal) cycles followed by storage at –20ºC, increased the resistant starch yield from 12.3 to 26.4%. The use of debranching enzyme and subsequent retrogradation at –20ºC increased the resistant starch yield up to 31.2%. The modified resistant starch when compared to culinary banana starch evinced better stability. The modified resistant starch was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, x-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric diffraction analysis to determine the structural changes which proved that the modification occurred substantially.