Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol for Sedation in Middle Ear Surgery under Monitored Anaesthesia Care at VIMSAR, Burla, Odisha study of dexmedetomidine and propofol for in ear

BACKGROUND Middle ear surgeries done under local anaesthesia require adequate patient sedation and analgesia to prevent patient anxiety and movement during surgical procedures. This study was undertaken to compare dexmedetomidine and propofol for their sedative and analgesic properties, safety profile, adverse events and recovery profile in patients undergoing middle ear surgery under monitored anaesthesia care. This is a prospective observational study. 96 patients of both sexes, of American society of anaesthesiologist (ASA) grade I or II, between 18 - 60 years of age were randomly divided into two groups; group D and group P consisting of 48 patients each. Patients in group D received a loading dose of injection dexmedetomidine 1 µg / kg I.V. over 10 minutes followed by an infusion at a rate of 0.5 µg / kg / hr. Patients in group P received a loading dose of injection propofol 75 µg / kg / min. I.V. over 10 min followed by an infusion at a rate of 50 µg / kg / min. Time taken to achieve the modified Aldrete score of 10 was compared between both the groups. Before discharge from post anaesthesia care unit (PACU), patient’s satisfaction with sedation & surgeon satisfaction was recorded on Likert scale. Time to rescue analgesia was compared. but P values were statistically insignificant suggesting that both dexmedetomidine and propofol produced similar sedation. Time to rescue analgesia was greater for group D. CONCLUSIONS Having similar sedation effect, dexmedetomidine was better than propofol for sedation in patients undergoing middle ear surgery under monitored anaesthesia care.
Effect of Chelated Minerals Supplement on Milk Yield and Composition of Sahiwal and Hariana Cows

Background: The study was carried out at the Dairy farm of Banaras Hindu University, Dist. Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh). Twelve (12) Sahiwal and Hariana cows ranging 4 - 6 years of age was randomly selected for present investigations. Animals were stratified for their initial body weight and age. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of feeding chelated mineral based formulation on dairy cow production performance, namely milk yield and milk composition. Methods: The trial was conducted with dairy cows 3 - 4 months of lactation. The experimental treatments included: Fedamin (Chelated minerals, given 50 gm. /day/ cow) and control. The study lasted from 0 to 30 days. Milk yield and milk composition of cows were measured individually on days 1, 8, 15, 22 and 30. Result: The Fedamin treated group (Chelated minerals) improved the milk yield and fat percentage in milk during this study as compared to control and specific gravity, solid-not fat, protein, lactose and total solids of milk differ non-significantly.
Norm Shifts Under the Strategy Method

The strategy method is a powerful method for eliciting conditional cooperation in strategic interactions. Theoretically, players' cooperation conditional on a specifi? c level of others' cooperation using the strategy method should be equal to their unconditional cooperation given an equivalent belief about others' cooperation. However, using the Prisoner's Dilemma, we show that decisions using the strategy method are more selfi? sh than decisions under a simultaneous decision protocol predicted from players' beliefs. This is driven entirely by lower cooperation among conditional cooperators with low expectations about others' cooperation. We further show that relative to simultaneous choice, the strategy method shifts salient norms from an egalitarian fairness norm (`give half') to a reciprocity norm (`match others' behaviour'). This undermines cooperation among players with low beliefs about others' cooperation. These results thus show that the strategy method does not merely hold beliefs constant, but also shifts which salient norms influence choice behaviour. This has important implications for the use of the strategy method in eliciting social preferences.
How are common major life events perceived? Exploring differences between and variability of different typical event profiles and raters

Research on major life events and personality change often focuses on the occurrence of specific life events such as childbirth, unemployment, or divorce. However, this typical approach has three important limitations: (1) Life events are typically measured categorically, (2) it is often assumed that people experience and change from the same event in the same way, and (3) external ratings of life events have unknown levels of validity. To address these limitations, we examined how common life events are typically perceived, how much perceptions of life events vary within events, and how well external ratings of events correspond to subjective ratings from people who experienced the events. We analyzed ratings of nine psychologically relevant characteristics of 10 common major life events from three different types of raters (N = 2,210). Each life event had a distinct subjectively rated profile that corresponded well to external ratings. Collectively, this study demonstrates that life events can be meaningfully described and differentiated with event characteristics. However, people’s individual perceptions of life events varied considerably even within events. Therefore, research on major life events and their associations with personality change should incorporate individual perceptions of the events to advance the understanding of these associations.
Improved method for regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Indian short-day onion (Allium cepa L.)

A high-auxin medium, usually used for callus induction, was not effective for Indian short-day onion cv. Bhima super. In this study, we found that the onion seedling radicle was a better explant than shoot tip for embryogenic callus induction, and induction efficiency up to 85.33% along with high embryogenic calli weight was obtained in routinely used medium containing 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, but specifically supplemented with 0.5 mg/L kinetin. MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L kinetin and 0.125 mg/L ABA showed 73.15% shoot regeneration efficiency from the calli induced from seedling radicle. Geneticin and hygromycin B at 50 mg/L showed optimal selection pressure for 8-week-old onion calli. Agrobacterium- mediated transformation of 8-week-old friable embryogenic calli induced from seedling radicle resulted in phenotypically normal transgenic plants with 1% transformation efficiency. In this study, regeneration and transformation protocols were developed for a widely used Indian short-day onion cultivar, which is instrumental for the development of stable transgenics in this crop. The regeneration protocol is standardized for Indian short-day onion cultivar and Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of onion is established, following in vitro co-cultivation of calli induced from seedling radicle explant.
Treading Carefully: Agnostic Identiﬁcation as the First Step of Detecting Differential Item Functioning

Differential item functioning (DIF) is a popular technique within the item-response theory framework for detecting test items that are biased against particular demographic groups. The last thirty years have brought signiﬁcant methodological advances in detecting DIF. Still, typical methods—such as matching on sum scores or identifying anchor items—are based exclusively on internal criteria and therefore rely on a crucial piece of circular logic: items with DIF are identiﬁed via an assumption that other items do not have DIF. This logic is an attempt to solve an easy-to-overlook identiﬁcation problem at the beginning of most DIF detection. We explore this problem, which we describe as the Fundamental DIF Identiﬁcation Problem, in depth here. We suggest three steps for determining whether it is surmountable and DIF detection results can be trusted. (1) Examine raw item response data for potential DIF. To this end, we introduce a new graphical method for visualizing potential DIF in raw item response data. (2) Compare the results of a variety of methods. These methods, which we describe in detail, include commonly-used anchor item methods, recently-proposed anchor point methods, and our suggested adaptations. (3) Interpret results in light of the possibility of DIF methods failing. We illustrate the basic challenge and the methodological options using the classic verbal aggression data and a simulation study. We recommend best practices for cautious DIF detection.
Investigating College Women’s Contraceptive Choices and Sexuality

Abstract Objective This study examined the link between sexuality and contraceptive choices among college women after controlling for their relationship status. Additionally, the relationship between responsibility for contraception and women’s contraceptive choices was investigated. Method: Online self-report surveys of sexuality and contraception were collected from 455 college women in the United States. Results: Women mostly preferred dual-method contraception. Sexual esteem and sexual depression predicted women’s contraceptive choices. Finally, having personal or shared responsibility for contraception predicted women’s contraceptive choices. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that women’s psychological well-being empowers them to make contraceptive choices that allow them to experience sexuality in healthy ways.
Awareness, Uptake and factors associated with NHIF uptake in Western Kenya. A case of 4 counties - Busia, Trans Nzoia, Vihiga and Siaya

Background Kenya is in the process of implementing universal health care whose success and sustainability will be determined by its funding mechanism and by uptake of National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) by its populace. Unfortunately, NHIF enrollment is currently voluntary hence geared to those in formal employment who represent only 16.4% of the population. To improve the voluntary uptake of the scheme, it is important to have increased awareness as well as implement strategies that address factors that currently affect NHIF uptake. Methods This was a cross sectional community-based survey conducted in Busia, Trans Nzoia, Vihiga and Siaya counties between October and December 2018. It utilized multistage stratified sampling technique. Interviewer assisted questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic, socio-economic, Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) knowledge, NHIF awareness and uptake data. Descriptive statistical analysis and multiple logistic regression were conducted using STATA version 15. Results Out of a representative sample of 3597 participants interviewed, NHIF awareness was noted to be 81.5%, with low uptake in the four counties ranging between 21–25%. Being older than 69 years, having a low level of education and income status as well as lower health risk were significantly associated with low rates of NHIF uptake. Conclusion Despite high rates of NHIF awareness noted in this study, there is still very low uptake to this scheme in rural western Kenya especially among those with low socioeconomic status and risk of chronic illnesses. There is need for further qualitative studies to explore contextual factors affecting NHIF uptake.
Morphometry and Morphology of Rouviere’s Sulcus of Liver for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - A Cadaveric Study

BACKGROUND The Rouviere’s sulcus (RS) is a horizontal sulcus on inferior surface of liver. The identification of RS may avoid bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and reduce the number of complications. RS is useful but often ignored anatomic landmark. The purpose of the study was to determine the presence/absence, types, and morphometry of demonstrable Rouviere’s sulcus. METHODS This observational study was conducted on 50 (cadaveric) liver specimens obtained during dissection. All the surfaces were meticulously observed, the RS was identified and photographed. The parameters like its presence/ absence, type of sulcus, length, breadth and depth were measured. Later it is classified into type 1, 2 & 3 depending on its morphology. RESULTS The Rouviere’s sulcus was present in 36 (72 %) specimens. The type 1RS in 29 (58 %), type 2 RS in 4 (8 %) and type 3 RS in 3 (6 %) specimens was observed. The RS was horizontal in 25 (50 %) specimens and oblique in 11 (22 %) specimens. The average length, breadth and depth of RS were 3.5 cm, 0.14 cm & 0.52 cm respectively. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of presence / absence of Rouviere’s sulcus, its type and morphometry provide useful information to the surgeons to avoid bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to achieve a good outcome. KEY Words Rouviere’s Sulcus, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Bile Duct Injury
Analisis Kebutuhan (Need Analysis) untuk Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Khusus (ESP) bagi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Olahraga

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat materi Bahasa Inggris khusus (ESP) yang ideal bagi mahasiswa program studi pendidikan jasmani, kesehatan, dan rekreasi (PJKR) di STKIP Pasundan. Pada saat ini, mahasiswa (partisipan penelitian) mempelajaran Bahasa Inggris umum (General English/GE). Keadaan ini mengarahkan penulis untuk mengetahu kebutuhan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris khusus bagi mahasiswa pendidikan olahraga. Studi kasus ini melibatkan 34 mahasiswa program studi PJKR sebagai partisipan penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran angket. Instrument penelitian tersebut mencakup topik pembelajaran pada mata kuliah ESP for PE dan metode pembelajarannya. Data yang terkumpul, kemudian diolah secara kualitatif. Data hasil menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa PJKR membutuhkan Bahasa Inggris untuk tujuan tertentu dalam sejumlah konteks. Para mahasiswa program studi PJKR membutuhkan Bahasa Inggris untuk mendukung profesi mereka kedepannya – diantara sebagai guru pendidikan jasmani, pelatih professional, wasit professional, atlet professional, dan jurnalistik keolahragaan. Pentingnya pembelajaran ESP pada penelitian ini diimplikasikan sebagai hasil dari penelitian.
Multi-Decadal Deltaic Land-Surface Changes: Gauging the Vulnerability of a Selection of Mediterranean and Black Sea River Deltas

Areal changes over delta surfaces determined by land and water ratios are a promising tool for identifying spatial and temporal changes in deltas that may reveal subsidence and shoreline erosion. Such changes can also provide the basis for more detailed studies on variations in land-cover and vegetation. Changes in land and water areas over a 35-year period (1984–2019) were determined for a selection of ten river deltas in the Mediterranean (Nile, Rhône, Po, Ebro, Moulouya, Ceyhan-Seyhan, Medjerdja, Ombrone, Arno) and the Black Sea (Danube), with a particular focus on aspects of subsidence and shoreline erosion. With the exception of the Ombrone, Arno, and Moulouya, and to lesser extent the Medjerdja, where notable changes dominate in the coastal zone and are tantamount to net erosion, the spatial pattern is largely dominated by delta-plain changes characterized by increasing areas of water. The pattern reflects a mix of shoreline erosion, land-use and land-cover changes, such as the ecological restoration of wetlands, but also increasing subsidence in these deltas, all of which have been exposed to a declining fluvial sediment supply due to human influence. The use of data on land-water ratios needs to be complemented by more detailed studies devoted to each delta in order to clearly disentangle changes related to land-use, vegetation, and subsidence. It is also important to determine how wetlands are interpreted in such ratios, as these important ecological elements are sensitive to ratio variations. It would also be interesting in future studies to examine how these variations play out over time, notably in deltas where changes have been significant over the period 1984–2019.
Analyzing the Color on Ivory: Scientific Research on a Chinese Panel of the Eighteenth Century

ABSTRACT Ivory handicraft developed in China 7000 years ago and reached its peak during the Qing dynasty. Among the numerous court collections of ivory handicrafts, a hanging polychrome panel describing a scene of prosperous business at the harbor near Guangzhou with an exquisite embedded ivory carving was analyzed comprehensively for pigments and dyes. A process for painting on ivory was revealed with the help of scientific analysis. In this artifact, the palette included reds made of hematite, cinnabar, and cochineal, blues based on azurite and Prussian blue, and greens made with mixtures of gamboge and Prussian blue. For the first time, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used for analyzing the dyes used on ivory. Besides analyzing the pigments and dyes in painted ivory technology, the dating of the painted artifact was estimated on the basis of pigment manufacturing and trading history. It was concluded that the artifact belonged to the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty.
Influence of Political Events, Inflation, and the Exchange Rate on Credit Growth of Commercial Banks

This study aims to analyses the influence of election political events, inflation and the exchange rate on credit growth of Commercial Banks with Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) as a moderating variable. The research data is secondary data, quantitative, panel data obtained from observations for five years, from May 2014 to June 2019. The study population is all Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and has never been delisted from May 2014 to June 2019 totaled 31 Conventional Commercial Banks, the research sample was 23 banks using the purposive sampling method. Data analysis using panel data regression Least Square Dummy Variable with 1426 observations. The results of the study found that there was a positive and non-significant effect of election political events on credit growth, a positive and significant effect of inflation on credit growth, and a negative and non-significant effect of the rupiah exchange rate on credit growth. Simultaneous testing, there is a significant influence of the three independent variables on the loan growth dependent variable, while testing by including the LDR moderating variable, there is a positive and non-significant effect of the LDR on the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable.
Alternative = transformative? Investigating drivers of transformation in alternative food networks in Germany

In the hope for more sustainable agriculture and a stronger connection to their food, an increasing number of consumers participate in alternative food networks (AFNs) characterised by short food supply chains. However, it cannot be assumed that AFNs inherently transform the prevailing system and its respective practices around food. Thus, we apply a social innovation perspective to enable a comprehensive analysis of changed values, social practices and relations in AFNs. This article presents whether drivers of transformation occur in three different AFN models (Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), food co-operatives (food co-ops) and self-harvest gardens) and how participants describe and perceive them in each model. Therefore, we conducted interviews with AFN producers and consumers, before applying qualitative content analysis. Interviewees describe a broad variety of transformed values, practices and relations: Especially CSA and food co-ops bear transformative potential as their members report a strong reconnection of producers and consumers expressed through social interaction and community-building. Self-harvest gardeners predominantly seek individual capacity building and to have access to their own garden. We conclude that AFN participation fosters incremental transformation towards more sustainable practices around food and a respective value system, which can be a part of a bigger movement aimed at food system transformation.
“I’m here for recovery”: the eudaimonic wellness experiences at the Le Monastère des Augustines Wellness hotel

ABSTRACT This study uses Le Monastère des Augustines Wellness Hotel to explore healing seekers’ eudaimonic wellness experiences and how such experiences are conceptualized in alignment with their underlying transformative process in a restorative environment. Using participant observation, secondary data, and thirteen in-depth interviews with eight participants, four key elements regarding wellness hotel experience were identified: 1) the museum and its inspiring reflections; 2) the historical facilities and the power of quietness; 3) the wellness lifestyle and its lasting impacts; and 4) the religious encounters, caring staff, and feeling of being cared for. We further construct a four-stage transformative process of wellness experience: realization, involvement, transformation and appreciation.
M/PH/1 queueing model with re-servicing

Abstract In this paper, we analyze an M/PH/1 queuing system with optional re-service. In this queueing system the interarrival time distribution is exponential with mean service time and re-service time distribution follows continuous time phase-type distribution and each customer will be re-serviced with probability ‘p’. We have obtained the expressions of various system performance measures and maximum likelihood method using E-M algorithm and Bayesian procedure based on MCMC method were proposed to estimate system parameters. Numerical illustration of various special cases of the queueing system was carried out using simulated data sets.
Enhanced Convolutional-Neural-Network Architecture for Crop Classification

Automatic crop identification and monitoring is a key element in enhancing food production processes as well as diminishing the related environmental impact. Although several efficient deep learning techniques have emerged in the field of multispectral imagery analysis, the crop classification problem still needs more accurate solutions. This work introduces a competitive methodology for crop classification from multispectral satellite imagery mainly using an enhanced 2D convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) designed at a smaller-scale architecture, as well as a novel post-processing step. The proposed methodology contains four steps: image stacking, patch extraction, classification model design (based on a 2D-CNN architecture), and post-processing. First, the images are stacked to increase the number of features. Second, the input images are split into patches and fed into the 2D-CNN model. Then, the 2D-CNN model is constructed within a small-scale framework, and properly trained to recognize 10 different types of crops. Finally, a post-processing step is performed in order to reduce the classification error caused by lower-spatial-resolution images. Experiments were carried over the so-named Campo Verde database, which consists of a set of satellite images captured by Landsat and Sentinel satellites from the municipality of Campo Verde, Brazil. In contrast to the maximum accuracy values reached by remarkable works reported in the literature (amounting to an overall accuracy of about 81%, a f1 score of 75.89%, and average accuracy of 73.35%), the proposed methodology achieves a competitive overall accuracy of 81.20%, a f1 score of 75.89%, and an average accuracy of 88.72% when classifying 10 different crops, while ensuring an adequate trade-off between the number of multiply-accumulate operations (MACs) and accuracy. Furthermore, given its ability to effectively classify patches from two image sequences, this methodology may result appealing for other real-world applications, such as the classification of urban materials.