Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting inhomogeneities in Caribbean and adjacent Caribbean temperature data using sea-surface temperatures

[1] This study presents a systematic evaluation of the homogeneity of daily surface temperature observations for the Caribbean and neighboring regions on a monthly timescale. The reference series are developed using adjacent sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). This novel approach is undertaken instead of the conventional use of highly correlated nearby stations, given the sparse station network for the Caribbean and adjacent Caribbean. The temperature data are from the regional climate change workshops held for the Caribbean, and Central and Northern South America in 2001 and 2004, respectively, complemented with data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH), and the Caribbean meteorological stations. Correlations are used to explore the degree of association between the maximum and minimum temperatures and SSTs, and homogeneity tests are performed on their individual and difference series (e.g., maximum temperature minus SSTs). The results suggest SSTs as a viable option for use in evaluating homogeneity in the data sparse region of the Caribbean. Common statistically significant change points identified across at least three stations are investigated using composite analysis to determine links to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. The study identifies two homogeneous periods from the analyses, i.e., 1970–1992 and 1984–1998, with the former used to reanalyze some extreme temperature trends for the Caribbean and adjacent Caribbean. The results are found to be consistent with those obtained from the 2001 Caribbean data workshop.
Adoptability of sustainable intensification technologies in dryland smallholder farming systems of West Africa; Research Report No. 64

Agricultural intensification in Africa is a necessary development, if rural poverty is to be reduced and sufficient food is to be produced for the increasing and urbanizing populations. For agriculture to be sustainable in the long run, the intensification process should not greatly reduce environmental quality or degrade natural vegetation; hence the term ‘sustainable agricultural intensification’ has been defined as a change in the production system towards increased input use leading to increased productivity, according to agroecological principles and without adverse environmental impacts or the cultivation of new land.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)

The research about influence of liquid fertilizer on Solanum tuberosum var granola has been done in research garden Getasan, Salatiga,. This research began on May 2001-August 2001. Thr parental Solanum tuberosum seed var granola which able from the farmer from Dieng plateau in Batur regency Banjarnegara district and liquid fertilizer Supra fromSurya Putra Alam Yogyakarta. Complate research design single factor is used, and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test 5% for data analysis. Result indicated that liquid fertilixer 4 mg/l not influence on hight, fresh and dry weight potatos tuber Solanum tuberosum. Liquid fertilizer by 3 mg/l – 4 mg/l caused fresh weight hight and bulbus diameters. Highly is given with constrentation liquid fertilizer 4 mg/l caused fresh wight than the other concentration, and not real defferent with the other given treatment with given fertilizer concentration 3 mg/l.
Management of thyroid disorders in older people

Thyroid disorders are common in older people and cause significant morbidity. There may be fewer symptoms at presentation and increased susceptibility to adverse events, making diagnosis and management more challenging. The approach to management of thyroid disorders in older people differs from that for younger individuals. Factors that need to be considered include frailty, concurrent illness, polypharmacy, drug–drug interactions, and target organ sensitivity to treatment. This review discusses the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of thyroid disorders and the effects of medications on thyroid function in older people.
Pre-Assessment of Environmental Impact of Zinc and Copper Used in Animal Nutrition

Copper and zinc are routinely used as additives in feed for livestock and aquaculture farming. During their use as feed additives, it is inevitable that Cu and Zn will be released to the environment. This project therefore assessed the environmental impact of Cu and Zn arising from use as additives in feed for livestock and aquaculture animals. The environmental risks of Cu and Zn arising from aquaculture were assessed using simple exposure models recommended by EFSA. Predicted concentrations were below predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC), indicating that the use of both metals in feed additives for fish poses an acceptable risk to the environment where these types of facility exist. A more complex modelling approach was used for assessing the risks of inputs of Cu and Zn from livestock treatments using the Intermediate Dynamic Model for Metals and soil/agriculture and water chemistry scenarios relevant for a range of European Member States. Overall, the livestock evaluations indicated that environmental risks for Cu and Zn are acceptable at the current time but in the future risks could occur in some systems. The systems most vulnerable to metal input in manure were acid sandy soils. The distribution of these scenarios within Europe is largely in Flanders, the Netherlands, northwestern Germany and Denmark. There is a clear need to better establish whether such soils are as sensitive to metal inputs as is predicted here. Since problems of high metal concentrations in drainflow and runoff, once established, would be difficult to remediate, it is important to proactively assess soil sensitivity before setting policy on manure application.
Diagonal technique of cross country skiing on 50km classical race in FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007

This study investigated kinematic changes in the skiing motion of the diagonal stride technique during a world-class 50km classical cross-country skiing competition. Data were collected from a men’s 50 km classical mass start race during the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 on a 12.5-km circuit course. Skiers were videotaped by cameras (60 Hz) set perpendicular to the uphill section at the 16.8-km and 46.8-km points of the course. Six skiers who were within 20 seconds from the leader at 20-km point and more than 5 minutes behind the leader at the 35-km point were selected as subjects, containing Japanese. The skiing motion of six the subjects at the 16.8-km and 46.8-km points were compared. In an analysis with paired t-tests, the skiing speed (t = 5.56, p < 0.05) and the ski gliding length (t = 4.11, p < 0.05) at the 16.8-km point were significantly greater than those at the 46.8-km point. The long ski gliding length may result from the high ski gliding speed, which was affected by the high recovering speed in the final part of the ski recovery phase with the high kicking speed of the centre of gravity.
Proposed mechanism for sediment entrainment by turbulent flows

The means by which turbulent flows entrain sediment grains from alluvial stream beds were studied. Entrainment was considered to include both the initiation of sediment motion and the suspension of grains by the flow. Observations of grain motion induced by turbulent flows and by a pulsating jet led to the formulation of an entrainment hypothesis based on the concept of turbulent eddies disrupting the viscous sublayer and impinging directly onto the grain surface. It is suggested that grain entrainment results from the interaction between fluid elements within an eddy and the sediment grains. Experiments made in a laboratory flume with turbulent flows over sediment beds of different form are described. The resultant grain motion and the observed effects of sediment and fluid interaction are explained, in each case, in terms of the entrainment hypothesis.
Écoulements turbulents à bulles dans une conduite en micropesanteur

L'influence de la gravite sur la dynamique locale des ecoulements turbulents a bulles en tube est mise en evidence par une etude experimentale comparative des ecoulements verticaux ascendant et descendant au laboratoire et des ecoulements en microgravite. Les conditions de microgravite sont obtenues au cours de campagnes de vols paraboliques en avion. A partir de mesures par fibres optiques, par sondes a film chaud et par traitement des images obtenues par camera video rapide, la dynamique locale de l'ecoulement est caracterisee: distributions radiales de taux de vide, taille et vitesse de bulles, vitesse du liquide. Les resultats experimentaux montrent que la gravite a une grande influence sur les distributions radiales de taux de vide qui sont analysees par une approche eulerienne a l'aide d'un modele analytique et par simulation numerique. Les echelles caracteristiques de la turbulence sont obtenues a partir d'une analyse spectrale du signal de vitesse dans le liquide. Finalement, la coalescence dans les ecoulements a bulles en microgravite est predite par un modele mecanistique
Women's Descriptive Representation in Burundi: The Mixed Effects of Gender Quotas

Building on original data collected for the period between 2001 and 2020, this article contributes to the research on the effectiveness of gender quotas. It does so, first, by looking into the salience of ministerial portfolios allocated to women, and, secondly, by examining the spillover effect of the gender quotas in positions where they do not apply. We find that the implementation of gender quotas gradually resulted in women being assigned to high-salience ministerial portfolios. Also, gender quotas have produced mixed results in positions where they are not mandated. These findings can be explained mobilising a multi-perspectival argument that takes into account the history of gender quotas adoption in Burundi, the specific political context of their implementation, as well as an interpersonal resources perspective.
Future ageing in Southeast Asia: demographic trends, human capital and health status.

This paper will discuss the likely changes in the composition of the population by age, sex, level of education, and health status for the whole region of Southeast Asia over the coming decades, and will show specific projections for Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. The future population trends will depend on future trends in fertility, mortality, and migration. We start by presenting population projections that explicitly consider the uncertainty in all three factors. Next, we present projections that add educational attainment as a further dimension, thus providing an outlook for human capital by age and sex. Finally, we match these projections with recently collected data from the Future of Retirement, a global ageing survey carried out by the Oxford Institute of Ageing in collaboration with HSBC on health and disability indicators by age, sex, and level of education for the four countries concerned. Together, these different pieces of analysis will give us important background information about the challenges and opportunities facing these countries in terms of the financing of ageing populations.
Gravity of the Arctic Ocean from satellite data with validations using airborne gravimetry: Oceanographic implications

[1] Precise mappings of sea surface topography, slope, and gravity of the Arctic Ocean are derived from altimeter data collected by Envisat and ICESat. Both altimeters measured instantaneous sea surface height at leads in the sea ice. To reduce contamination by ice-freeboard signal and tracker noise in Envisat height data, a retracking of the waveform data was performed. Analogous reprocessing of ICESat data was also done. Arctic mean sea surfaces (MSSs) were computed from Envisat data spanning 2002–2008 and ICESat data spanning 2003–2009. Farrell et al. (2012) used these “ICEn” MSSs to estimate mean dynamic topography (MDT). These same Envisat and ICESat data are used, in sea-surface-slope form, to compute the ARCtic Satellite-only (ARCS-2) altimetric marine gravity field. ARCS-2 extends north to 86°N and uses GRACE/GOCE gravity data (GOCO02S) for its long-wavelength (>260 km) components. Use of Envisat data improves the spatial resolution over that of existing Arctic marine gravity fields in many areas. ARCS-2's spatial resolution aids in tracing tectonic fabric—e.g., extinct plate boundaries—over broad areas of the Arctic basin whose tectonic origin remains a mystery. ARCS-2's precision is validated using NASA 2010/2011 Operation IceBridge (OIB) airborne gravimetry. ARCS-2 and OIB gravity along with ICEn-MSS results are employed to locate short-wavelength errors approaching 1 m in current Arctic marine geoids (EGM2008). Precise OIB airborne gravity corroborates that such errors in current geoid/gravity models are widespread in Arctic areas lacking accurate surface gravity data. These geoid errors limit the spatial resolution at which MDT can be mapped.
E-HEART score: A novel scoring system for undifferentiated chest pain in the emergency department

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. As there is an increase in the global burden of ischemic heart disease, there are multiple scoring systems established in the emergency department (ED) to risk stratify and manage acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with chest pain. The objective of this study was to integrate point-of-care echo into the existing history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors, and troponin (HEART) score and evaluate a novel scoring system, the echo HEART (E-HEART) score in risk stratification of patients presenting with undifferentiated chest pain to the ED. The E-HEART Score was also compared with existing traditional scoring systems for risk-stratifying acute chest pain. METHODS: A diagnostic accuracy study involving 250 patients with chest pain at the ED of a single tertiary care teaching hospital in India was conducted. The emergency physicians assessed the E-HEART score after integrating their point-of-care echo/focused echo findings into the conventional HEART score on presentation. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 4 weeks of initial presentation. The accuracy of the E-HEART score was compared with other conventional risk stratification scoring systems such as the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI), history, electrocardiogram, age, and risk factors, Troponin Only Manchester ACS (T-MACS), and HEART scores. RESULTS: A total of 250 patients with a median age of 53 years (42.25–63.00) were part of the study. Low E-HEART scores (values 0–3) were calculated in 121 patients with no occurrence of MACE in this category. Eighty-one patients with moderate E-HEART scores (4–6) were found to have 30.9% MACE. In 48 patients with high E-HEART scores (values 7–11), MACE occurred in 97.9%. The area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of E-HEART score is 0.992 (95% confidence interval: 0.98–0.99), which is significantly higher than AUROC values for HEART (0.978), TIMI (0.889), T-MACS (0.959), and HEAR (0.861), respectively (P < 0.0001). At a cutoff of E-HEART score >6, it accurately predicted ACS with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 99% with a diagnostic accuracy of 97%. CONCLUSION: The E-HEART score gives the clinician a quick and accurate forecast of outcomes in undifferentiated chest pain presenting to the ED. Low E-HEART scores (0–3) have an extremely low probability for short-term MACE and may aid in faster disposition from the ED. The elevated risk of MACE in patients with high E-HEART scores (7–11) may facilitate more aggressive workup measures and avoid disposition errors. E-HEART is an easily adaptable scoring system with improved accuracy compared to conventional scoring systems.
Selegiline induced differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to dopaminergic neurons in vitro

Today, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating human diseases has attracted wide attention. The aim of this study is the expression of dopaminergic genes such as Nestin, patched Tumor Suppressor (PTCH), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) and Nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (NURR1) in MSCs after induction with selegiline. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were extracted from femur and tibia bones and incubated with alpha Minimum Essential Medium (α-MEM) and 10% Fetal bovine serum (FBS). The stemness of cells at passage 4 was determined by the positive response to CD71 and CD90 markers and their differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts. The expression of SHH, PTCH, TH, NURR1 and Nestin genes in the cells after induction by 10-8 M selegiline for 48 hours was investigated by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Real Time-PCR methods. Isolated rBMSCs expressed CD71 and CD90 markers in culture conditions and could differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. Induced cells showed neuronal morphology, positive response to Nestin and TH immunostaining. There was a significant increase of dopaminergic genes TH and NURR1 compared to the untreated cells. The results showed that selegiline with a dose of 10-8 M for 48 hours can lead to dopaminergic differentiation in rBMSCs.
Raptor migration in east Bali, Indonesia: observations from a bottleneck watch site

Indonesia is an important wintering area for several species of birds breeding in the eastern Palearctic. The migration of raptors in the East Asian Flyway from north-east to south-east Asia is still, however, poorly understood (McClure 1998, Zalles and Bildstein 2000, DeCandido et al. 2004), and for Indonesia in particular there are very few data for the eastern and northern part of the archipelago. Hence the routes taken by migrating raptors in Wallacea are still largely unknown (White and Bruce 1986, MacKinnon and Philipps 1993, del Hoyo et al. 1994, Coates and Bishop 1997, Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001). After the discovery in October 1982 of large numbers of raptors migrating from Java to Bali (Ash 1982, 1984, Ash et al. 1987), the first structured study on this migration was carried out in Bali Barat (West Raptor migration in east Bali, Indonesia: observations from a bottleneck watch site
Baffin Island Fjord Macrobenthos: Bottom Communities and Environmental Significance

Cluster analysis of the benthos from ten Baffin Island fjords defines six faunal associations. The macrotidal Sunneshine Fiord has a shallow kelp-related Isopod Association. Cambridge Fiord supports a shallow Onuphid Association controlled by gravel from dropstones. A widespread Portlandia Association typified the shallow zones of more recently glaciated fjords where sedimentation rates are high. An Ophiuroid-Anemone Association was defined from current-affected submarine channel environments. A Maldanid Association covered the greatest area in all fjords and passed into an Elasipod Association in the deepest water in Cambridge Fiord. Fjord-head faunas are used to model ecological changes accompanying glacier retreat, from monospecific Portlandia , through mature Portlandia Association to Onuphid Association accompanied by diverse filter feeders and herbivores. Chlamys islandica was found living in Cambridge Fiord, which substantially increases its northern limit. Key words: macrobenthos, Arctic, cluster analysis, bivalve, Quaternary, sediment
Moderate‐magnitude earthquakes induced by magma reservoir inflation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

Although volcano‐tectonic (VT) earthquakes often occur in response to magma intrusion, it is rare for them to have magnitudes larger than ~M4. On 24 May 2007, two shallow M4+ earthquakes occurred beneath the upper part of the east rift zone of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. An integrated analysis of geodetic, seismic, and field data, together with Coulomb stress modeling, demonstrates that the earthquakes occurred due to strike‐slip motion on pre‐existing faults that bound Kīlauea Caldera to the southeast and that the pressurization of Kīlauea's summit magma system may have been sufficient to promote faulting. For the first time, we infer a plausible origin to generate rare moderate‐magnitude VTs at Kīlauea by reactivation of suitably oriented pre‐existing caldera‐bounding faults. Rare moderate‐ to large‐magnitude VTs at Kīlauea and other volcanoes can therefore result from reactivation of existing fault planes due to stresses induced by magmatic processes.
Seismic unloading and loading in northern central Chile as observed by differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (D-INSAR) and GPS

Using data of two GPS campaigns as well as two ERS-1/2 Single Look Complex (SLC) datasets, we studied the distribution of co-seismic and post-earthquake surface deformation of the major (moment magnitude Mw=8.1) Antofagasta (Chile) event of 30 July 1995. Earthquake-related fault dimensions and inter-seismic surface deformation patterns were achieved by comparing results from the GPS and interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) investigations and by applying interpretative forward dislocation modelling. SAR data post-dating the major earthquake suggest a change in deformation directions after the earthquake within the first 50–80 km normal to the Chilean coast and show opposite signs when comparing results of the western part of the study area with those of the eastern part. We propose that this change in direction might be indicative of a superposition of relatively rapid post-seismic slip along a deeper section of the fault zone and/or distributed relaxation of the lower crust/upper mantle and seismic loading along the coastal part of the fore-arc. Assuming that the Antofagasta earthquake ruptured the entire seismogenic interface, we used the derived depth distribution of the interplate fault for the estimation of seismic moment rates. Taking into account the rate and size distribution of teleseismic events from the USGS and recently derived plate convergence rates, we constrained the size of the maximum earthquake and approximated the apparent recurrence intervals of events similar to the Antofagasta event in the area.
On isostatic geoid anomalies

In regions of slowly varying lateral density changes, the gravity and geoid anomalies may be expressed as power series expansions in topography. To a good approximation, geoid anomalies in isostatically compensated regions can be directly related to the local dipole moment of the density-depth distribution. This relationship is used to obtain theoretical geoid anomalies for different models of isostatic compensation. The classical Pratt and Airy models give geoid height-elevation relationships which differ in their functional form but which predict geoid anomalies of comparable magnitude. The thermal cooling model which explains ocean floor subsidence away from mid-ocean ridges predicts a linear age-goid height relationship of 0.16 m/m.y. Geos 3 altimetry profiles were examined to test these theoretical relationships. A profile over the mid-Atlantic ridge is closely matched by the geoid curve derived from the thermal cooling model. The observed geoid anomaly over the Atlantic margin of North America can be explained by Airy compensation. The relation between geoid anomaly and bathymetry across the Bermuda Swell is consistent with Pratt compensation with a 100-km depth of compensation.