Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Relationship Between Spectrum and Geometry Through Fourier Frames and Laplacian Eigenmaps

Title of dissertation: A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECTRUM AND GEOMETRY THROUGH FOURIER FRAMES AND LAPLACIAN EIGENMAPS Kevin W. Duke, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Dissertation directed by: Professor John J. Benedetto Department of Mathematics This thesis has two parts. The first is a study of Fourier frames. We follow the development of the theory, beginning with its classical roots in non-uniform sampling in Paley-Wiener Spaces, to its current state, the study of the spectral properties of finite measures on locally compact abelian groups. The aim of our study is to classify measures by their spectral properties. To this end, we extend a law of pure type and the classification of compactly supported, absolutely continuous spectral measures to the setting of locally compact abelian groups, using the generalization of Beurling density established by Grochenig, Kutyniok, and Seip. We also aim to understand the relationship between the geometry of the supporting set of a measure and the spectral properties it exhibits. To this end, we propose a method of constructing Bessel spectra for the middle-third Cantor measure. In the second part, we study extensions of the Laplacian Eigenmaps algorithm and their uses in hyperspectral image analysis. In particular, we show that there is a natural way of including spatial information in the analysis that improves classification results. We also provide evidence supporting the use of Schrodinger Eigenmaps as a semisupervised tool for feature extraction. Finally, we show that Schrodinger Eigenmaps provides a platform for fusing Laplacian Eigenmaps with other clustering techniques, such as kmeans clustering. A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECTRUM AND GEOMETRY THROUGH FOURIER FRAMES AND LAPLACIAN EIGENMAPS
Lift generation by a two-dimensional symmetric flapping wing: immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann simulations

Two-dimensional (2D) symmetric flapping flight is investigated by an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). In this method, we can treat the moving boundary problem efficiently on the Cartesian grid. We consider a model consisting of 2D symmetric flapping wings without mass connected by a hinge with mass. Firstly, we investigate the effect of the Reynolds number in the range of 40–200 on flows around symmetric flapping wings under no gravity field and find that for high Reynolds numbers (Re ⩾ 55), asymmetric vortices with respect to the horizontal line appear and the time-averaged lift force is induced on the wings, whereas for low Reynolds numbers (Re ⩽ 50), only symmetric vortices appear around the wings and no lift force is induced. Secondly, the effect of the initial position of the wings is investigated, and the range of the initial phases where the upward flight is possible is found. The effects of the mass and flapping amplitude are also studied. Finally, we carry out free flight simulations under gravity field for various Reynolds numbers in the range 60 ⩽ Re ⩽ 300 and Froude numbers in the range 3 ⩽ Fr ⩽ 60 and identify the region where upward flight is possible.
Photon dominated regions in NGC 3603 - [CI] and mid-J CO line emission

Aims. We aim at deriving the excitation conditions of the interstellar gas as well as the local FUV intensities in the molecular cloud surrounding NGC 3603 to get a coherent picture of how the gas is energized by the central stars. Methods. The NANTEN2-4 m submillimeter antenna is used to map the [CI] 1-0, 2-1 and CO 4-3, 7-6 lines in a 2' x 2' region around the young OB cluster NGC 3603 YC. These data are combined with C(18)O 2-1 data, HIRES-processed IRAS 60 mu m and 100 mu m maps of the FIR continuum, and Spitzer/IRAC maps. Results. The NANTEN2 observations show the presence of two molecular clumps located south-east and south-west of the cluster and confirm the overall structure already found by previous CS and C(18)O observations. We find a slight position offset of the peak intensity of CO and [CI], and the atomic carbon appears to be further extended compared to the molecular material. We used the HIRES far-infrared dust data to derive a map of the FUV field heating the dust. We constrain the FUV field to values of chi = 3-6 x 10(3) in units of the Draine field across the clouds. Approximately 0.2 to 0.3% of the total FUV energy is re-emitted in the [CII] 158 mu m cooling line observed by ISO. Applying LTE and escape probability calculations, we derive temperatures (T(MM1) = 43 K, T(MM2) = 47 K), column densities (N(MM1) = 0.9 x 10(22) cm(-2), N(MM2) = 2.5 x 10(22) cm(-2)) and densities (n(MM1) = 3 x 10(3) cm(-3), n(MM2) = 10(3) - 10(4) cm(-3)) for the two observed molecular clumps MM1 and MM2. Conclusions. The cluster is strongly interacting with the ambient molecular cloud, governing its structure and physical conditions. A stability analysis shows the existence of gravitationally collapsing gas clumps which should lead to star formation. Embedded IR sources have already been observed in the outskirts of the molecular cloud and seem to support our conclusions.
Pattern Theory: From Representation to Inference

Pattern Theory provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of the modern challenges in signal, data, and pattern analysis in speech recognition, computational linguistics, image analysis and computer vision. Aimed at graduate students in biomedical engineering, mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering with a good background in mathematics and probability, the text include numerous exercises and an extensive bibliography. Additional resources including extended proofs, selected solutions and examples are available on a companion website. The book commences with a short overview of pattern theory and the basics of statistics and estimation theory. Chapters 3-6 discuss the role of representation of patterns via condition structure. Chapters 7 and 8 examine the second central component of pattern theory: groups of geometric transformation applied to the representation of geometric objects. Chapter 9 moves into probabilistic structures in the continuum, studying random processes and random fields indexed over subsets of Rn. Chapters 10 and 11 continue with transformations and patterns indexed over the continuum. Chapters 12-14 extend from the pure representations of shapes to the Bayes estimation of shapes and their parametric representation. Chapters 15 and 16 study the estimation of infinite dimensional shape in the newly emergent field of Computational Anatomy. Finally, Chapters 17 and 18 look at inference, exploring random sampling approaches for estimation of model order and parametric representing of shapes.
Bribe Payments and State Ownership: The Impact of State Ownership on Bribery Propensity and Intensity

This study examines the degree of state ownership on corporate bribery. Integrating the theories of state ownership and corporate corruption, we propose that state ownership influences bribery propensity and bribery intensity in different ways; it lowers a firm’s tendency to pay bribes but increases the relative amount of bribery payment. Building on the control rights/bargaining hypotheses, we demonstrate that state ownership shields firms from bribery demands by reducing administrative hurdles that include bureaucratic requirements of obtaining licenses or settling taxes in business operations. However, state ownership elevates the level of bribes by weakening their capital mobility. Using a sample of 23,018 firms from 54 countries covering 2006 to 2013, we find evidence to support our hypotheses. This article contributes to corruption research by drawing attention to an important channel of corruption and by highlighting the importance of considering not only the propensity but also the intensity of bribe payments.
Halo Zel’dovich model and perturbation theory: Dark matter power spectrum and correlation function

Perturbation theory for dark matter clustering has received a lot of attention in recent years, but its convergence properties remain poorly justified and there is no successful model that works both for correlation function and for power spectrum. Here we present Halo Zeldovich approach combined with perturbation theory (HZPT), in which we use standard perturbation theory at one loop order (SPT) at very low $k$, and connect it to a version of the halo model, for which we adopt the Zeldovich approximation plus a Pade expansion of a compensated one halo term. This low $k$ matching allows us to determine the one halo term amplitude and redshift evolution, both of which are in an excellent agreement with simulations, and approximately agree with the expected value from the halo model. Our Pade expansion approach of the one halo term added to Zeldovich approximation identifies two typical halo scales averaged over the halo mass function, the halo radius scale of order of 1Mpc/h, and the halo mass compensation scale of order 26Mpc/h. The model gives better than one percent accurate predictions for the correlation function above 5Mpc/h at all redshifts, without any free parameters. With three fitted Pade expansion coefficients the agreement in power spectrum is good to a percent up to $k \sim 1$h/Mpc, which can be improved to arbitrary $k$ by adding higher order terms in Pade expansion.
Robot arm dynamics and control

Variations in total inertia and gravity loads at the joint outputs are treated along with the relative importance of gravity and acceleration-generated reaction torques or forces versus inertia torques or forces. The relation between the dynamical state equations in explicit terms and servoing the manipulator is briefly discussed in the framework of state variable feedback control which also forms the basis of adaptive manipulator control. Exact state equations were determined for total inertia and gravity loads at the joint outputs as a function of joint variables, using the constant inertial and geometric parameters of the individual links defined in the respective link coordinate frames. The range of maximum variations in total inertia and gravity loads at the joint outputs was calculated for both no load and load in the hand. The main result is the construction of a set of greatly simplified state equations which describe the total inertia and gravity load variations at the output of the six joints with an average error of less than 5%.
Academic entrepreneuring as a long-term commitment to regional development

ABSTRACT The practice of ‘academic entrepreneuring’ here signifies a scholar’s innovative, integrative and persistent mode of pursuing and integrating a university’s three tasks, those of doing research, teaching students and performing outreach activities. The success of academic entrepreneuring is conditioned by the individual’s and the university’s ability to become recognized as a legitimate and trusted knowledge-creator in the regional context. Building such confidence in turn requires continuous, hands-on and whole-hearted engagement with relevant stakeholders. This calls for the mobilization of embodied practical knowledge that draws upon cognitive, affective as well as connative capabilities. Four consecutive autobiographic projects, each covering two decades or more, are reported and reviewed as instances of academic entrepreneuring. These projects and their different qualitative methodologies and varying researcher identities jointly constitute a scholar’s life-long learning and achievements as an academic entrepreneur, beginning with mainly listening to the field and ending with invasive enactive research.
Effects of Mandatory Sexual Misconduct Training on University Campuses

The authors explore whether mandatory, universal, in-person sexual misconduct training achieves its goals to build knowledge about sexual assault and harassment and increase intentions to report episodes of assault. The authors present results from three studies with quasi-experimental designs as well as interviews with students and staff members at a diverse public university in the western United States. The surprising finding is that participating in training makes women students less likely to say they that will report experiences of sexual assault to university authorities. The training produces some small positive effects: students gain broader definitions of sexual misconduct and are less likely to endorse common rape myths, and women students express less sexist attitudes immediately after training. This study raises questions about whether one-shot training helps reduce sexual violence and increase reporting on college campuses and whether universities should invest in these types of training.
Effectiveness of static and dynamic stretching prior to speed and speed-strength load

IntroductionThe problem of a suitable warm-up and limbering up is much discussed in sports; however it still remains unclear. At the end of the last century, the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching method became widely used. Although it has positive effects on joint mobility, it has not been sufficiently proven that it has the same effects on an athlete immediately before the load activity. Currently, the pre-performance load activities stress an intensified warm-up and a subsequent dynamized limbering up.The effectiveness of different types of warm-ups and stretching is extensively discussed in sports. Our study compares the impact of static and dynamic stretching on the speed-strength performance of young ice hockey players. In terms of functionality, Kampmiller & Vanderka (2008) states that we must realize that the majority of sports use the stretch-shortening cycle in sports practice. Yamaguchi & Ishii (2005) confirmed that there is no difference in the strength performance of an athlete applying the static or no stretching prior to the load. However, there is a significant change when dynamic stretching is applied (pIt is important to stress that the intensity of dynamic stretching has not a negligible impact on subsequent speed-strength performance. In this context, Fletcher (2010) confirmed that heart rate increase and consequent core temperature increase (which he measured in the eardrum) are essential to dynamic stretching.The aim of the study was to compare the impact and effectiveness of static and dynamic stretching in top-level ice hockey players prior to a load consisting of the frequency velocity, lower limb explosive strength and lower limb dynamic strength.MethodSubject characteristicsThe studied subject was a group of top-level ice hockey players playing in the 2011/2012 competition year (n = 12, goalkeeper = 1, defenders = 3, centres = 8, age = 22.9±3.4 years, height = 184.8±7.4 cm, weight = 86.2±7.6 kg). Measurement takingLower limb frequency velocity testThe lower limb frequency velocity was measured with the FiTROtapping device (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, Slovak republic) consisting of two contact switch mattresses placed and fixed on the floor, connected by means of a USB interface to the computer and special software. At the beginning of the measurement, the hockey player was in a standing position behind the mattresses. Then, alternating the left and right foot, his task was to effectuate the maximum of taps on the mattresses throughout 6 seconds. The results were evaluated by the number of taps of both feet effectuated on the FiTROtapping contact mattresses in 6 seconds. The measurements were carried out three times with the accuracy of one tap. The best of three attempts was used for the study.Lower limb explosive strength testThe lower limb explosive strength was assessed with the Mytoest PRO device (Myotest, Switzerland) using two types of vertical jumps - the squat jump (SJ) and the countermovement jump (CMJ). …
Equivalent Forms of the Multivariate Portmanteau Statistic

In this context, the residual correlations Rk have been defined in several ways: (a) Rk = DCkD, where D is a diagonal matrix with ith diagonal element (ciiO)(Li and McLeod, 1981)-the standard definition; (b) Rk=CkCO' (Chitturi, 1974)-this gives Ro = I; (c) Rk= LT Ck L, where LLT = Co 1, i.e. L is a square root of C0(Hosking, 1980, Section 5)this gives Q = n XijkrijkWe write the three forms of Q corresponding to these definitions as Qa, Qb, Qc. Theorem. P = Qa = Qb = Qc. Proof. We have in (a) vec Rk = (D 0 D) vec Ck, so
A 30-Day Food Security Scale for Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement Data

This report describes and assesses a 30-day household food security scale that can be applied specifically to Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement (CPS-FSS) data. In the analysis described here, a 30-day scale was originally developed for use in the analysis of the 1995 CPS data. This report revises the scale to make it more consistent with the standard 12-month U.S. food security scale commonly used in food security household analyses. A non-linear (Rasch-model-based) scaling method was used to statistically assess both the original and revised scales. The report specifies procedures for calculating the revised 30-day scale from CPS-FSS data and classifying households as to 30-day food security status. The report also compares prevalence rates of food insecurity with hunger based on the 30-day scale with those based on the 12-month scale for the years 1998-2000. assumed logistic relationship square
Experiments on near-wall structure of three-dimensional boundary layers

Investigations of three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers have shown basic differences between two- and three-dimensional flows. These differences can significantly impact the modeling of three-dimensional flows since many flow models are based on results from two-dimensional boundary layers. In many cases the shear stress vector direction has been shown to lag relative to the direction of the mean velocity gradient as the cross flow grows downstream. Coincidence of these vectors is necessary for a scalar eddy viscosity modeling assumption. A second effect is a reduction in magnitude of the shear stress and/or the shear stress to turbulence energy ratio, a(sub 1). This reduction has been observed in several experiments. Recent numerical simulations also indicate wall-layer structural differences between two- and three-dimensional boundary layers. The differences in structure between two- and three-dimensional boundary layers was also addressed in the experiment of Littell & Eaton. The experiment used two-point correlations to investigate the vortical structures in a three dimensional boundary layer on a spinning disk. It was found that each sign of longitudinal vortex is equally likely to exist, but one sign of vorticity is associated with a structure which is better at producing ejections. The goal of the current investigation is to study the structure of the inner layers. Among other questions, the differences between the effects deduced from the three-dimensional flow simulations and the effects seen in experiments can be examined. The research concentrates on the structure of the wall-layer through flow visualization and direct turbulence measurements down to y(+) = 5.
ELRC Action: Covering Confidentiality, Correctness and Cross-linguality

We describe the language technology (LT) assessments carried out in the ELRC action (European Language Resource Coordination) of the European Commission, which aims towards minimising language barriers across the EU. We zoom in on the two most extensive assessments. These LT specifications do not only involve experiments with tools and techniques but also an extensive consultation round with stakeholders from public organisations, academia and industry, in order to gather insights into scenarios and best practices. The LT specifications concern (1) the field of automated anonymisation, which is motivated by the need of public and other organisations to be able to store and share data, and (2) the field of multilingual fake news processing, which is motivated by the increasingly pressing problem of disinformation and the limited language coverage of systems for automatically detecting misleading articles. For each specification, we set up a corresponding proof-of-concept software to demonstrate the opportunities and challenges involved in the field.
Influence of Probiotic Strains Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus on the Health Status and Weight Gain of Calves, and the Utilization of Nitrogenous Compounds

The aim of this study was to monitor the effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB) and the combination of Lactobacillus sporogenes, Enterococcus faecium, and Bifidobacterium bifidum (LEB) on the health status and weight gain of calves, and the utilisation of nitrogenous substances. The experiment was performed in the period from April 2020 to September 2020. A total of 90 Holstein heifers, which were one to 56 days old, were used as experimental animals. Differences in live weight gain were significant if we compared the LEB vs. BB group and the LEB vs. C, the control group (86.23 ± 5.49 kg vs. 84.72 ± 6.22 kg, p < 0.05; 86.23 ± 5.49 kg vs. 82.86 ± 5.35 kg, p < 0.01). Considering the live weight gain, group BB was heavier than group C only (84.72 ± 6.22 kg vs. 82.86 ± 5.35 kg, p < 0.05). An effect on reducing the incidence and duration of diarrheal diseases was not demonstrated in this study (p = 0.1957). The administration of feed additives had no statistically significant effect on the amount of N excreted in the feces. The values of hematological and biochemical parameters were unaffected except for the first sampling of urea. Other blood parameters were not affected by the addition of probiotic feed additives. The bacterial populations in the feces 5 days and 56 days after birth were not affected by the inclusion of feed additives.
Spectral Imaging of the Atmosphere

1. Observing Atmospheric Radiation 2. Spectral Concepts 3. Instrument Responsivity and Superiority 4. Imaging Concepts 5. The Fabry-Perot Spectrometer 6. The Michelson Interferometer 7. Multiplexers and Modulators 8. Doppler Michelson Interferometry 9. Operational Atmospheric Spectral Imagers 10. Future Atmospheric Spectral Imagers 11. Grating Spectrometers as Spectral Imagers
The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters. II. Internal Kinematics of 55 Galaxies in the z=0.33 Cluster Cl 1358+62

We define a large sample of galaxies for use in a study of the fundamental plane in the intermediate redshift cluster Cl 1358+62 at z = 0.33. We have analyzed high-resolution spectra for 55 members of the cluster. The data were acquired with the Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrograph on the Keck I 10 m telescope. A new algorithm for measuring velocity dispersions is presented and used to measure the internal kinematics of the galaxies. This algorithm has been tested against the Fourier fitting method so that the data presented here can be compared with those measured previously in nearby galaxies. We have measured central velocity dispersions suitable for use in a fundamental plane analysis. The data have a high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and the resulting random errors on the dispersions are very low, typically less that 5%. Uncertainties due to mismatch of the stellar templates have been minimized through several tests, and the total systematic error is of order ~5%. Good seeing enabled us to measure velocity dispersion profiles and rotation curves for most of the sample, and although a large fraction of the galaxies display a high level of rotation, the gradients of the total second moment of the kinematics are all very regular and similar to those in nearby galaxies. We conclude that the data therefore can be reliably corrected for aperture size in a manner consistent with nearby galaxy samples.