Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Disruptive Behavior” or “Expected Benefit” Are Rationales of Seclusion Without Prior Aggression

Objective In the Netherlands, seclusion of patients with a psychiatric disorder is a last-resort measure to be used only in the event of (imminent) severe danger or harm. Although aggressive behavior is often involved, seclusions not preceded by aggression also seem to occur. We sought insight into the non-aggressive reasons underlying seclusion and investigated the factors associated with it. Method We included all patients admitted to a Dutch psychiatric hospital in 2008 and 2009. Seclusions had been registered on Argus-forms, and aggression incidents had been registered on the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R), inspectorate forms and/or patient files. Determinants of seclusion with vs. without prior aggression were analyzed using logistic regression. Reasons for seclusion without prior aggression were evaluated qualitatively and grouped into main themes. Results Of 1,106 admitted patients, 184 (17%) were secluded at some time during admission. Twenty-one (11.4%) were excluded because information on their seclusion was lacking. In 23 cases (14%), neither SOAS-R, inspectorate forms nor individual patient files indicated any aggression. Univariable and multivariable regression both showed seclusion without preceding aggression to be negatively associated with daytime and the first day of hospitalization. In other words, seclusion related to aggression occurred more on the first day, and during daytime, while seclusion for non-aggressive reasons occurred relatively more after the first day, and during nighttime. Our qualitative findings showed two main themes of non-aggressive reasons for seclusion: “disruptive behavior” and “beneficial to patient. ” Conclusion Awareness of the different reasons for seclusion may improve interventions on reducing its use. Thorough examination of different sources showed that few seclusions had not been preceded by aggression. The use of seclusion would be considerably reduced through interventions that prevent aggression or handle aggression incidents in other ways than seclusion. However, attention should also be paid to the remaining reasons for seclusion, such as handling disruptive behavior and focusing on the beneficial effects of reduced stimuli. Future research on interventions to reduce the use of seclusion should not only aim to reduce seclusion but should also establish whether seclusions preceded by aggression decrease different from seclusions that are not preceded by aggression.
Spectrum of Clinical Manifestations in Children With WT1 Mutation: Case Series and Literature Review

Background Mutations of the Wilms tumor suppressor-1 gene (WT1) are associated with life-threatening glomerulopathy, disorders of sexual development, Wilm's tumor, and gonadal malignancies. Our objectives were to describe the clinical presentations, age of progression, and onset of complications of WT1 mutation through a case series and literature review. Methods A retrospective study included all patients followed at the University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital from January 2000 to December 2020 with a diagnosis of WT1 mutation. A literature review of WT1 mutation cases was analyzed for clinical manifestations, karyotype, and long-term outcomes. Results The WT1 mutation was identified in 9 children, median age at presentation of 0.9 years (range 1 week to 7 years). A total of four had female phenotypes, and 5 had abnormalities of male external genitalia, while all had XY karyotypes. All progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and received a kidney transplant at a median age of 5 years (1.5–15 years). During a median time of follow-up of 9 years (range 2–28 years), there were 2 allograft losses after 7 and 10 years and no evidence of post-transplant malignancy. From 333 cases identified from the literature review, the majority had female phenotype 66% (219/333), but the predominant karyotype was XY (55%, 183/333). Of the female phenotypes, 32% (69/219) had XY sex reversal. Wilm's tumor occurred in 24%, predominantly in males with gonadal anomalies. Conclusions Early recognition of WT1 mutation is essential for comprehensive surveillance of potential malignancy, avoidance of immunosuppressants for glomerulopathy, and establishing long-term multidisciplinary management.
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Analysis of Calcium Content to Identify Non-culprit Vulnerable Plaques in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background Aside from the culprit plaque, the presence of vulnerable plaques in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may be associated with future cardiac events. A link between calcification and plaque rupture has been previously described. Aim To assess whether analysis of the calcium component of coronary plaques using CT angiography, coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) can help to detect additional vulnerable plaques in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Materials And Methods Cross sectional study of consecutive patients referred for NSTEMI from 30 July to 30 August 2018 with CCTA performed before coronary angiography with systematic optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis of all coronary arteries within 24 h of clinical onset of NSTEMI. Three types of plaques were defined: culprit plaques defined by angiography (vulnerable culprit plaques–VCP) – plaques with a fibrous cap thickness < 65 microns or thrombus in OCT (vulnerable non-culprit plaque–VNCP) – plaques with a fibrous cap thickness ≥ 65 microns in OCT (stable plaque–SP). Results A total of 134 calcified plaques were identified in 29 patients (73% male, 59 ± 14 years) with 29(22%) VCP, 28(21%) VNCP and 77(57%) SP. Using CCTA analysis of the calcium component, factors associated with vulnerable plaques were longer calcification length, larger calcification volume, lower calcium mass, higher Agatston score plaque-specific (ASp), presence of spotty calcifications and an intimal position in the wall. In multivariate analysis, ASp, calcification length and spotty calcifications were independently associated to vulnerable plaques. There was no difference between VCP and VNCP. Conclusions CCTA analysis of calcium component of the plaque could help to identify additional vulnerable plaques in NSTEMI patients.
Perception and Reinterpretation of English Song Lyrics by Native Speakers of Japanese: A Case Study of Samples From the TV-Show Soramimi-Hour

Cross-linguistic mondegreens occur when foreign song lyrics are misperceived and reinterpreted in the listener's native language. In Japan, such humorous reinterpretations of non-native song lyrics are known as soramimi (空耳, “mishearing”). Word plays of this kind do not only have an entertaining character for listeners, but they also offer a valuable source to identify and describe potential phonological processes which can be observed in native Japanese listeners' adaptations of English song lyrics into Japanese. We hypothesized that the reinterpretation of English song lyrics by listeners is a result of the perception of non-native auditory input through the first language's phonological and morphological system. That is, misperceptions do not occur arbitrarily, but are governed by the phonological and morpho-phonological rules of the listener's first language system. To test this hypothesis, we examined a corpus containing 60 English-Japanese mondegreens taken from the Japanese TV-show Soramimi Awā (Soramimi Hour). Results confirmed our hypothesis: The Japanese adaptations were observed to follow different phonological processes which aimed to subject the non-native auditory input to the phonological rules of Japanese.
Molecular Imaging of Aortic Aneurysm and Its Translational Power for Clinical Risk Assessment

Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are dilations of the aorta, that are often fatal upon rupture. Diagnostic radiological techniques such as ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are currently used in clinical practice for early diagnosis as well as clinical follow-up for preemptive surgery of AA and prevention of rupture. However, the contemporary imaging-based risk prediction of aneurysm enlargement or life-threatening aneurysm-rupture remains limited as these are restricted to visual parameters which fail to provide a personalized risk assessment. Therefore, new insights into early diagnostic approaches to detect AA and therefore to prevent aneurysm-rupture are crucial. Multiple new techniques are developed to obtain a more accurate understanding of the biological processes and pathological alterations at a (micro)structural and molecular level of aortic degeneration. Advanced anatomical imaging combined with molecular imaging, such as molecular MRI, or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT provides novel diagnostic approaches for in vivo visualization of targeted biomarkers. This will aid in the understanding of aortic aneurysm disease pathogenesis and insight into the pathways involved, and will thus facilitate early diagnostic analysis of aneurysmal disease. In this study, we reviewed these molecular imaging modalities and their association with aneurysm growth and/or rupture risk and their limitations. Furthermore, we outline recent pre-clinical and clinical developments in molecular imaging of AA and provide future perspectives based on the advancements made within the field. Within the vastness of pre-clinical markers that have been studied in mice, molecular imaging targets such as elastin/collagen, albumin, matrix metalloproteinases and immune cells demonstrate promising results regarding rupture risk assessment within the pre-clinical setting. Subsequently, these markers hold potential as a future diagnosticum of clinical AA assessment. However currently, clinical translation of molecular imaging is still at the onset. Future human trials are required to assess the effectivity of potentially viable molecular markers with various imaging modalities for clinical rupture risk assessment.
Risk Factors for High-Arched Palate and Posterior Crossbite at the Age of 5 in Children Born Very Preterm: EPIPAGE-2 Cohort Study

Introduction: Children born very preterm have an immature sucking reflex at birth and are exposed to neonatal care that can impede proper palate growth. Objectives We aimed to describe the frequency of high-arched palate and posterior crossbite at the age of 5 in children born very preterm and to identify their respective risk factors. Methods Our study was based on the data from EPIPAGE-2, a French national prospective cohort study, and included 2,594 children born between 24- and 31-week gestation. Outcomes were high-arched palate and posterior crossbite. Multivariable models estimated by generalized estimation equations with multiple imputation were used to study the association between the potential risk factors studied and each outcome. Results Overall, 8% of children born very preterm had a high-arched palate and 15% posterior crossbite. The odds of high-arched palate were increased for children with low gestational age (24–29 vs. 30–31 weeks of gestation) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17, 2.66], thumb-sucking habits at the age of 2 (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03, 2.28), and cerebral palsy (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.28, 3.69). The odds of posterior crossbite were increased for children with pacifier-sucking habits at the age of 2 (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.30, 2.36). Conclusions Among very preterm children, low gestational age and cerebral palsy are the specific risk factors for a high-arched palate. High-arched palate and posterior crossbite share non-nutritive sucking habits as a common risk factor. The oro-facial growth of these children should be monitored.
Plasticity-Related Gene 5 Is Expressed in a Late Phase of Neurodifferentiation After Neuronal Cell-Fate Determination

During adult neurogenesis, neuronal stem cells differentiate into mature neurons that are functionally integrated into the existing network. One hallmark during the late phase of this neurodifferentiation process is the formation of dendritic spines. These morphological specialized structures form the basis of most excitatory synapses in the brain, and are essential for neuronal communication. Additionally, dendritic spines are affected in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease or schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms underlying spinogenesis, as well as spine pathologies, are poorly understood. Plasticity-related Gene 5 (PRG5), a neuronal transmembrane protein, has previously been linked to spinogenesis in vitro. Here, we analyze endogenous expression of the PRG5 protein in different mouse brain areas, as well as on a subcellular level. We found that native PRG5 is expressed dendritically, and in high abundance in areas characterized by their regenerative capacity, such as the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. During adult neurogenesis, PRG5 is specifically expressed in a late phase after neuronal cell-fate determination associated with dendritic spine formation. On a subcellular level, we found PRG5 not to be localized at the postsynaptic density, but at the base of the synapse. In addition, we showed that PRG5-induced formation of membrane protrusions is independent from neuronal activity, supporting a possible role in the morphology and stabilization of spines.
Perceived Organizational Democracy and Associated Factors: A Focused Systematic Review Based on Studies in Turkey

This review study provides an opportunity to look at the level of organizational democracy (OD) that a large sample of private- and public-sector employees in an emerging market (Turkey) perceive. The focused systematic review includes empirical studies examining employees' level of OD and associated work and organizational psychological variables, using the Organizational Democracy Scale (ODS) in Turkey. This paper includes studies published between January 2014 and April 2021 in the Google Academic, Dergipark, and Ulakbim databases and on the Turkish National Thesis Center website. From a total of 1,778 records, 37 empirical studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included (with a total of N = 10,370 employees). Of these studies, 67.6% are published articles and manuscripts, 24% are unpublished dissertations, and 43.2% of the studies took place in the public sector. The results suggest that the level of employees' perceived OD was slightly above the medium level (mean: 3.30 ± 81), and the scores of the private-sector employees are higher than those of the public employees. Further, empirical associations between OD and 21 different outcome variables are reported and discussed. To varying extents, significant positive correlations were found between the level of employees' perceived OD and positive organizational variables, such as organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, psychological capital, and job satisfaction. On the other hand, negative significant relationships occurred between OD and negatively evaluated organizational variables, such as job stress and organizational depression. The results of this study support the importance of organizational democracy as a management approach.
Take It to the Curb: Scalable Communication Between Autonomous Cars and Vulnerable Road Users Through Curbstone Displays

Automated driving will require new approaches to the communication between vehicles and vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians, e.g., through external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs). However, the majority of eHMI concepts are neither scalable (i.e., take into account complex traffic scenarios with multiple vehicles and VRUs), nor do they optimize traffic flow. Speculating on the upgrade of traffic infrastructure in the automated city, we propose Smart Curbs, a scalable communication concept integrated into the curbstone. Using a combination of immersive and non-immersive prototypes, we evaluated the suitability of our concept for complex urban environments in a user study (N = 18). Comparing the approach to a projection-based eHMI, our findings reveal that Smart Curbs are safer to use, as our participants spent less time on the road when crossing. Based on our findings, we discuss the potential of Smart Curbs to mitigate the scalability problem in AV-pedestrian communication and simultaneously enhance traffic flow.
Prenatal GABAB Receptor Agonist Administration Corrects the Inheritance of Autism-Like Core Behaviors in Offspring of Mice Prenatally Exposed to Valproic Acid

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prenatal baclofen (a GABAB receptor agonist) treatment on the inheritance of autism-like behaviors in valproic acid (VPA)-exposed mice. VPA model mice (first generation, F1) that were prenatally exposed to VPA exhibited robust core autism-like behaviors, and we found that oral administration of baclofen to F1 mice corrected their autism-like behavioral phenotypes at an early age. Based on a previous epigenetics study, we mated the F1 male offspring with litter females to produce the second generation (F2). The F2 male mice showed obvious inheritance of autism-like phenotypes from F1 mice, implying the heritability of autism symptoms in patients with prenatal VPA exposure. Furthermore, we found prenatal baclofen administration was associated with beneficial effects on the autism-like phenotype in F2 male mice. This may have involved corrections in the density of total/mature dendritic spines in the hippocampus (HC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), normalizing synaptic plasticity. In this research, GABAB receptor agonist administration corrected the core autism-like behaviors of F1 mice and protected against the inheritance of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring of F1 mice, suggesting the potential of early intervention with GABAB receptor agonists in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.
A New Frontier in Science Communication? What We Know About How Public Audiences Respond to Cinematic Scientific Visualization

Presenting data in visually appealing formats has long been a useful science communication technique. Millions of people around the world have encountered scientific visualizations through documentary films on giant and small screens. Visual effects software from the film industry can increasingly be used to visualize scientific data. Such cinematic scientific visualization should be (a) based on real data, (b) understandable, and (c) entertaining for a public audience. To investigate what is known about how audiences respond to this type of science communication, this essay presents an overview of the literature on this topic, highlighting key findings, gaps, and directions for future research. The sprawling nature of the theoretical and empirical research literature on audience responses to cinematic scientific visualization makes it difficult to achieve comprehensive coverage of relevant studies and theoretical models. Recurring methodological limitations present further challenges to establishing a foundation of reliable knowledge on this topic. Nevertheless, prior research has identified several factors that affect how public audiences respond to cinematic scientific visualizations. Here, we discuss findings relating to intelligibility, film content, and immersion. These results offer a basis for hypotheses to be tested by future confirmatory studies of audience responses to cinematic scientific visualizations.
Cyclosporin A Prevents Ovarian Graft Rejection, and Permits Normal Germ Cell Maturation Within the First 5 Weeks Post-transplantation, in the Domestic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)

Biobanked ovaries collected from recently hatched poults can only be revived through transplantation, using a recipient bird. The main hurdle in transplantation is preventing graft rejection, which appears as lymphocytic infiltration upon histologic evaluation of the graft. In this study, the condition of the transplants [immunological compatibility (auto- vs. allotransplants), donor age, time in holding media, and temperature of holding media] and treatment of recipient poults with varying immunosuppressants [mycophenolate mofetil (MFM), cyclophosphamide (CY), and cyclosporin A (CsA)] were studied to determine which factors could reduce lymphocytic infiltration, during the first 35 days post-transplantation. Lymphocytic infiltration was determined via cytoplasmic CD3 (T cell) and nuclear PAX5 (B cell) expression. There was no significant difference in the percent of cytoplasmic CD3 or nuclear PAX5 immunostained area between the unoperated group and the autotransplants, by 6 days post-transplantation. However, the allotransplants had more (P < 0.05) positive cytoplasmic and nuclear immunostained areas compared to autotransplants, irrespective of donor age, time in holding media or temperature of the media. By 14 days post-transplantation, the CsA 25 and 50 mg/kg/day treatment groups had less (P < 0.05) CD3 and PAX5 positive areas in their allotransplants, compared to the unsuppressed group. At 35 days post-transplantation, the CsA 25 mg/kg/day allotransplant group also had less (P < 0.05) CD3 and PAX5 positive areas compared to the unsuppressed group. The CsA 25 mg/kg/day transplants also had a similar ovarian follicular size compared to the unoperated group, although they contained fewer (P < 0.05) follicles based on follicular density. Donor age, duration in holding media, temperature of media, and treatment of recipients with MFM or CY had no effect on reducing lymphocytic infiltration. However, immunological compatibility was associated with decreased lymphocytic infiltration, as autotransplants had little lymphocytic infiltration. Treatment of recipients with CsA at 25 mg/kg/day was also associated with reduced lymphocytic infiltration and allowed transplants to develop normally during the first 35 days post transplantation.
Comparing Elevational Patterns of Taxonomic, Phylogenetic, and Functional Diversity of Woody Plants Reveal the Asymmetry of Community Assembly Mechanisms on a Mountain in the Hengduan Mountains Region

The contributions and interaction of biotic and abiotic processes in community assembly are crucial for understanding the elevational patterns of biodiversity. The combined analyses of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity are necessary to resolve this issue. By investigating vegetation in 24 transects sampled on Hongla Snow Mountain, in the central Hengduan Mountain Ranges in Southwest China, we delineated the elevational vegetation spectrum on the eastern and western slopes, analyzed the elevational variation in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of woody plant species, and compared the community structure of phylogeny and function in the low-elevational shrublands, mid-elevational forests, and alpine shrubs and meadows. The species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity of woody plants showed nonstandard hump-shaped patterns with two peaks along the elevational gradient. The community structure of phylogeny and function (including tree height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, bark thickness, and wood density) clustered in the low-elevation shrub communities, being random and over-dispersed in mid-elevational forests. The phylogenic structure was over-dispersed in alpine communities, whereas the functional structure was clustered. Elevational patterns in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity, together with the mean and variation in woody plant functional traits, suggested drought stress and freeze stress as environmental filters dominating the assembly of low and high elevation non-forest communities, and a conspicuous effect of biotic facilitation was also suggested for alpine habitats. By contrast, interspecific competition dominated the community assembly of forests at mid-elevations. The difference in biodiversity indices between the west and east slopes reflected the effects of the Indian Monsoon on the geomorphic patterns of ecosystem structure. These results increased our understanding of biodiversity patterns and underlying mechanisms in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China and highlighted the priorities for biodiversity conservation in this region.