Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mortality and morbidity after excessive stress

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The Ultrastructure and Electron-probe Microassay of Silicon Deposits in the Endodermis of the Seminal Roots of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Si deposits in the endodermis of the seminal roots of sorghum following culture in nutrient solution containing 100 ppm SiO2 for 7 days were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Si microassay was carried out by means of the EMMA-4 system. Endodermal ultrastructure is discussed. Electron micrographs of the Si deposits provided information on formative processes and indicated a considerable involvement with the cellulosic structure of the inner tangential wall. The initial deposits were believed to be composed structurally of particles designated as primary spherical units. The EMMA-4 conclusively indicated that Si was localized and confined to the inner tangential wall; implications of this result for previous studies are discussed. Tentative mechanisms for silicic acid transport and subsequent Si deposition on the inner tangential wall were proposed
Characteristic and Distribution of Human Leukocyte Antigen-A,B,DRB1 Genes and Haplotypes in Anhui Chinese Han Population

Objective To analyse the distributive characteristic of human leukocyte antigen(HLA) -A, B, DRB1 genes and haplotypes for Anhui Chinese Han population. Methods Frequencies of HLA-A,B,DRB1 genes and haplotypes which based on 2 816 unrelated bone marrow donors from Anhui were calculated by square root method and maximum likelihood estimator method respectively, and then compared with other population.Results A total of 78 HLA alleles or antigens were observed and the most frequent were A~*02, A~*11, A~*24, A~*33, A~*30, B~*13, B~*46, B60, B62, B~*58, B61, DRB1~*09, DRB1~*15, DRB1~*04, DRB1~*07, DRB1~*12, DRB1~*08, DRB1~*13, DRB1~*11 and DRB1~*14 in Anhui Chinese Han population. There were 26 kinds of haplotypes included A2-B46 and A30-B13 with frequency higher than 0.01 among 440 kinds of A-B haplotypes;whereas 27 kinds of haplotypes included B13-DR7 and B46-DR9 among 481 kinds of B-DR haplotypes. Additionally, at least 80 kinds of A-B haplotypes and 102 kinds of B-DR haplotypes were statistically significant and positive linkage disequilibrium respectively, and among them,there were 17 kinds of strong linkage disequilibrium A-B haplotypes mainly included A2-B46, A30-B13, A33-B58, A33-B44 and A2-B38, whereas, 18 kinds of strong linkage disequilibrium B-DR haplotypes mainly included B13-DR7, B46-DR9, B58-DR17, B44-DR13, B54-DR4, B52-DR15, B58-DR3 and B57-DR7. The numbers of haplotypes with frequency higher than or equal to 3.55 per 10 000 were 537 in 3 488 kinds of A-B-DR haplotypes, and 27 kinds of haplotypes included A30-B13-DR7 and A2-B46-DR9 were the most common haplotypes with frequency higher than 0.005. Conclusion Distribution of HLA-A, B,DRB1 genes and haplotypes in Anhui Chinese Han population is relatively closed to Northern Chinese Han population, but impressed by Southern Chinese Han to a certain extent.
The Changes of Endogenous Abscisic Acid in Developing Grain of Two Rice Cultivars with Different Grain Size

Two cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different grain size were investigated to measure the free ABA contents during grain development. In both cultivars, the content and concentration of endogenous ABA in developing grain increased after heading, and attained a maximum value at about the middle of the linearly increasing period of grain dry weight. The ABA content and concentration subsequently decreased and maintained a low level after the termination of increase in grain dry weight. Higher ABA content was found in cultivar BG 1, which showed a larger grain size and a higher rate of grain filling, than in the other cultivar, Koshihikari, throughout all stages except at heading. The ABA concentration in both cultivars, on the other hand, showed similar values. These results suggest that ABA seems to play some role in assimilate accumulation into rice grain and to cause genetic difference in this process.
Association of VEGF rs3025039 and rs3025021 with VEGF and COX-2 expression in gastric cancer tissues

Purpose To explore the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of VEGF and susceptibility of gastric cancer in Anhui region,and to investigate the relationship among SNPs in VEGF gene,clinicalpathological parameters and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in gastric cancer tissues.Methods VEGF rs3025039 and rs3025021 in 238 patients with gastric cancer and 425 controls from Anhui Province were genotyped by using gene sequencing instrument.Expression of VEGF and COX-2 in 238 cases of gastric cancers and 30 adjacent noncancerous tissues of the patients were detected by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry.Results VEGF rs3025039TT and rs3025021CT genotype significantly increased or decreased the risk of gastric cancer(P=0.047,OR=2.86,95% CI=1.01～8.08;P=0.032,OR=0.65,95% CI=0.44～0.96,respectively). Gastric cancers revealed significant expression of both VEGF and COX-2(62.6% and 61.8%,respectively) compared to the adjacent tissues(26.7% with P=0.000 and 36.7% with P=0.008,respectively). There were statistically significant correlations of the expression of VEGF and COX-2 to tumor biological behaviors of gastric cancers: clinical TNM stage,tumor size,invasive depth,lymph node metastasis,clinical stage(only VEGF) and histological type(only COX-2)(P=0.001～0.05). Expression of VEGF was positively correlated with that of COX-2(rs=0.178,P=0.006). There were no relationship among VEGF gene polymorphisms,clinicopathological parameters and expression of VEGF and COX-2 in gastric cancer tissues,excepting that VEGF rs3025021 was significantly correlated with tumor size(P=0.026). Conclusions VEGF rs3025039 and rs3025021 polymorphisms affect the susceptibility of gastric cancer in Anhui region,but do not correlate with the expression of VEGF.The two proteins of VEGF and COX-2 are strongly associated with the invasion of gastric cancer,and might play a synergistic role in the progress of gastric cancers.
The Roles of Membrane Rafts in Ultraviolet Light-Induced Association of Apoptotic Proteins

3 Acknowledgments. 5 List of tables . 11 List of figures . 12 Abbreviations . 14 Chapter 1: The structure and function of membrane rafts . 15 Chapter 2: The role of membrane rafts is apoptosis . 17 2.1 Proand anti-apoptotic effects of membrane raft disruption . 19 2.2 The role of membrane rafts in mediating membrane receptor and channelinduced apoptosis . 21 2.2.1 Fas . 22 2.2.2 CD5 . 23 2.2.3 CD20 . 24 2.2.4 Trpc-1 . 25 2.3 The role of membrane rafts in protein kinase-induced apoptosis . 26 2.3. 1 Akt . 26 2.3. 2 JNK . 28 2.3. 3 Src family kinases . 29 2.3. 4 PKC family proteins . 30 2.4 Membrane raft targeting for cancer treatment . 31 2.4. 1 Edelfosine . 31
Institutionalized versus non-institutionalized mildly retarded populations: determination and comparison, based on Rotter's personal control theory, and a test of interpersonal distance

The problem with which this study was concerned was that of evaluating and comparing of locus of control scores and interpersonal distance among the institutionalized and non-institutionalized mildly retarded populations. The hypothetical assumptions specifically stated that the institutionalized retardates will be more externally oriented, will show a greater interpersonal distance towards stimuli with no specific expectancies. In view of the findings of the study, the following recommendations are offered: 1. Determination and evaluation of locus of control in retardates may be a useful technique in assessing their personality and understanding their psychological needs. Several investigators have been attempted with neurotics and subjects with character disorders, but none is reported with retarded populations. Such information may contribute to planning and programming for this particular group. 2. Determination of the retardates' interpersonal space may be an important approach in assessing their personality structure. Such studies have been conducted with the emotionally disturbed children, schizophrenics and normal subjects; however, none has been conducted with retardates. 3. The instruments used for this study have been designed for and standardized on samples of normal populations. To achieve more accurate results, these instruments should be designed for and standardized on a sample consisting of retarded subjects. 4. The only validity and reliability studies available have been conducted with normal subjects. To determine applicability of these instruments with retarded populations, further validity and reliability studies are needed. 5. Samples of more comparable average ages may be more suitable for the replication of this study. Previous research by Bailer has clearly indicated that there is a positive correlation between chronological ages of the subjects and the degree of internal locus of control. Therefore, in future studies this factor must seriously be considered.
Hypothalamic Areas Involved in Prostaglandin(PG)-Induced Gonadotropin Release. I: Effects of PGE2 and PGF2α Implants on Luteinizing Hormone Release

Ovariectomized rats had a cannula inserted unilaterally within various hypothalamic areas. Several days later they were primed with a sc dose of 10 μ, g of estradiol benzoate (Eb). Two days after priming they were etherized and an initial blood sample was drawn from the external jugular vein. An inner cannula containing PGE2 or PGF2α at its tip was inserted into the previously implanted outer cannula. Blood samples were drawn at 20, 40, 60, and 120 min following the implantation. PGE2 induced a 4–5-fold increase in plasma LH 40 to 60 min following its implantation in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence region (ARH-ME). Levels were already significantly elevated at 20 min. When PGE2 was placed slightly more dorsally, close to the ventromedial nucleus (VMH), LH titers rose to comparable levels but only after a delay of 120 min. PGE2 implanted in the caudal portion of the ARH-ME or dorsally in the VMH-dorsomedial nuclei, barely increased plasma LH, whereas its placement in the anterior portion of the ARH-ME .
Evaluation of in vitro methods to estimate digestibility of amino acids in the rumen undegraded protein fraction of feedstuffs

Soybean meal, SoyPlusRTM, dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and fish meal samples were used in the evaluation of the modified three-step, the immobilized digestive enzyme assay ( IDEA), the guanidination, and the furosine in vitro procedures to estimate intestinal digestibility of amino acids in rumen undegraded protein ( RUP-AA). Identifying an in vitro method to estimate RUP-AA digestibility will allow for routine analysis of feeds for this parameter, which can lead to more accurate formulation of dairy rations. To determine the adequacy of these procedures, in vivo RUP-AA digestibility estimates were obtained using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Rumen undegraded residues ( RUR) were generated, and intact feeds and RUR were analyzed for AA and crop-intubated to cecectomized roosters. Results of the rooster experiments indicate that AA digestibility differs from RUP-AA for DDGS samples, and RUP-AA digestibility differs within samples. For the modified three-step procedure, digestibility of all AA in all feedstuffs was highly correlated to in vivo data. For the IDEA analysis, IDEA values of intact feeds were highly correlated to RUPAA digestibility, which indicates that the ruminal incubation step can be eliminated with this method. The guanidination and furosine methods can be used to predict lysine digestibility only, which is often a limiting AA in dairy rations. Blocked lysine was calculated from furosine concentrations, and the guanidination procedure was used to calculate reactive lysine. Blocked and reactive lysine estimates were highly correlated to in vivo lysine digestibility. Of these two methods, the guanidination procedure was a better approach for predicting lysine digestibility across feedstuffs. To increase the number and type of sample analyzed, 5 BM samples were later obtained. Blood meal was only analyzed via the rooster assay, the modified three-step procedure, and the guanidination method. Among the BM samples, digestibility of AA was similar to RUPAA. For the modified three-step procedure, the use of intact BM provided more accurate estimates of RUPAA digestibility than the RUR. The guanidination method was not a good approach to predict lysine digestibility in BM. In conclusion, the modified three-step procedure appears to be the best in vitro approach to estimate RUP-AA digestibility.
Heterosis for Yield and its Component Characters in Boll Worm Tolerant Gossypium Hirsutum L. × G. Barbadense L. Cotton Hybrids

With the objective of reducing cost of cotton cultivation, five boftworm and aphid tolerant (JK-344, JK-345, JK-260, JK-276 and MESR-17) and one susceptible cv. S43 (Sharada) of Gossypium hirsutum L. were crossed with one bollworm tolerant (B 200-82-1) and two susceptible (SB-289E and SB(YF)-425) G. barbadense genotypes. Hybrids or JK-276 and MESR-17 with B 20O-U2-I exhibited higher heterosis of 51 and 47%, respectively, for yield/plant over DCH-32. Yield increase was mainly due to significantly lower heterosis for number of bollworm damaged bolls as well as higher heterosis for number of bolls/plant. B 200-82-1 is a better and normal branching general combiner than the established cluster flowering genotypes SB-289E and SB(YF)-425. Yield and bolls per plant are controlled by nonadditive gene action, monopodial and sympodial branches by partial dominance, and boll weight by additive gene action. Hybrids JK-276 × B 200-82-1 and MESR-17 × B 200-82-1 should be tested in multilocation trials to identify a superior hybrid requiring low cost of cultivation.
Host age preference and sex allocation in the pupal parasitoid Itoplectis naranyae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

To understand the reproductive biology of Itoplectis naranyae Ashmead, a major pupal parasitoid of lepidopteran pests in the paddy field, the acceptability and suitability of hosts of different ages and the resultant allocation of sexes in these hosts were studied. Prepupae and 0- to 11-d-old pupae of Galleria mellonella (L.) were used as hosts. Although female wasps attacked all host age classes almost equally, they frequently rejected 8- to 11-d-old host pupae after drilling into them. Host pupae 8-11 d old also were less suitable for larval development than prepupae and pupae 0 -7 d old. Thus, females preferentially oviposit on hosts suitable for larval development. The sex ratio of the offspring that emerged from host pupae 8-11 d old were more male-biased than those from prepupae and pupae 0-7 d old. The male-biased sex ratio in pupae 8-11 d old was caused by sex allocation adjustment by females rather than by differential larval mortality between the sexes. Host selection and sex allocation by pupal parasitoids are discussed in the context of simple optimal diet theories and sex ratio theories.
Reduced muscle contractile function in elite young soccer players after a short-congested fixture period

Soccer is a very popular sport, which has been widely investigated. However, little is known about the effects of congested fixture periods on muscle mechanical responses since access to elite teams during competitive periods is highly restricted. Thus, the goal of this study was to describe the effects of a short-congested fixture period on the neuromechanical parameters related to fatigue and stiffness of elite young soccer players. Nineteen young elite male soccer players (age 17.13 ± 0.51 years, body mass 69.00 ± 1.22 kg, and height 174.09 ± 0.84 cm) participated in the study. The players took part in a preparatory tournament for the FIFA® U-17 World Cup, composed of a total of six matches in 1 week. Pre- and post-tensiomyographic changes were assessed by means of the normalized response speed (Vrn) and other tensiomyographic markers related to muscle fatigue (i.e. maximum radial muscle displacement (Dm) and velocities of contraction at 10% and 90% (V10 and V90) of both legs in two muscles (biceps femoris and rectus femoris). The players presented a possible to likely impairment in Dm, V10, and V90 of both legs and muscles, with the exception of the non-dominant biceps femoris. Vrn did not vary in any condition, although it presented a slight tendency to decrease. The data demonstrated impairments in the tensiomyographic markers in both legs and muscles, with the exception of the non-dominant biceps femoris. A short-congested fixture period in young soccer players leads to a decrease in muscle stiffness due to cumulative fatigue and lack of muscle recovery, this despite the efforts made by the medical staff to counteract the fatigue caused by the games. The use of tensiomyographic markers could be advantageous for rapidly monitoring neuromechanical muscle impairments throughout competitive soccer periods.
Global climate change: an investigation of atmospheric feedback mechanisms

A global energy balance for the earth-atmosphere system requires knowledge of a number of quantities, two of which are tropospheric lapse rate and cloud altitude. Since both of these quantities could be dependent upon surface temperature, they are potential candidates for feedback mechanisms in surface-temperature sensitivity studies. The present investigation illustrates that the global energy balance is quite insensitive to lapse rate, thus eliminating this as a possible feedback mechanism. Cloud altitude, on the other hand, can be quite important. Employing a three-layer cloud model, and comparing calculated and empirical outgoing flux results, it is suggested that cloud temperatures should be held constant when considering variations in surface temperature, as opposed to the conventional assumption of fixed cloud altitudes. This is consistent with earlier single-cloud modeling (Cess, 1974), and based upon this conclusion it is found that the resulting dependence of cloud altitude upon surface temperature produces a strong positive feedback. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1975. tb01672.x
Systematic review of influence of MDR1C1236T genetic polymorphism on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics

Objective To systematic review the influence of MDR1 C1236T genetic polymorphisms on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics. Methods Relevant databases were searched by computer for investigating the influence of MDR1 C1236T genetic polymorphism on cyclosporine pharmacokinetic and meta-analysis was performed by Revman 5.0 software. Results Seven literatures (n=605) were included. The CC genotype had lower dose-adjusted concentration at the time 2 h after administration(C2) level than other genotypes, and statistical difference was observed between CC genotypes and TT genotype (P0.05). No statistical difference was observed between CC genotype and other genotypes in mean dose-adjusted C0 level and daily dose.Conclusion MDR1 C1236T genetic polymorphism has a little effect on the cyclosporine dose-adjusted C2 level.
Best bait for your buck: bait preference for camera trapping north Australian mammals

Abstract. Critical evaluations of bait attractiveness for camera trapping wildlife are scant even though use of the most attractive bait should improve detection of cryptic, threatened species. We aimed to determine the most attractive bait for camera trapping the northern hopping-mouse (Notomys aquilo) and sympatric mammals. We also tested the effectiveness of overhead camera trap orientation in identifying individual northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus) as this could be used to define a camera trap event for analysis purposes. Using white-flash camera traps, the attractiveness of four baits (peanut butter with oats, corn, sesame oil and sunflower kernels) and a control were compared for N. aquilo, D. hallucatus, the northern brown bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus) and the agile wallaby (Notamacropus agilis). Spot patterns of D. hallucatus were compared to determine the visitation rate of individuals. Peanut butter– and sesame oil–based baits were significantly more attractive to D. hallucatus, while I. macrourus strongly preferred the peanut butter bait. Bait type did not affect the mean number of events for N. aquilo or N. agilis. The consistently identifiable images of individual D. hallucatus were used to determine the optimal event delineator of 15 min. The improved techniques for camera trapping D. hallucatus should be valuable for future capture–recapture studies of this species. Camera trapping is a viable replacement for the ineffective method of indexing the abundance of N. aquilo using indirect signs.
Dry matier production and nutrient uptake of greengram (Vigna radiata L.wilczek) as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus application during wet season

Six fertilizer treatments comprising three levels of nitrogen (20, 40, 60 kg/hal and two levels of phosphorus (40, 60 kg p2p5/ha) with a control were tested in randomized block design during wet season of 1999 and 2000 on greengram. The results revealed that 20 kg N + 60 kg P2O5/ha recorded maximum dry matter production, Nand P uptake. higher seed and haulm yield. Increasing the levels of nitrogen from 20 to 60 kg/ha did not show any benefit. In general, seeds removed more nitrogen and phosphorus than haulms in both the years.
Postural mechanisms that maintain airway adequacy in obstructive sleep apnea as determined by magnetic resonance imaging

p { margin-bottom: 0.1in; direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 120%; }p.western { font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; }p.cjk { font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; }p.ctl { font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; }a:link { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); } Objective: This magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study explored associations between neutral head posture, size, and shape of the pharyngeal airway with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 90 men evaluated by overnight polysomnography and neck MRI. To explore the relationship between the neutral head posture, pharyngeal airway, and surrounding structures, MRI of 60 OSA patients and a reference sample of 30 mild OSA patients or simple snorers were evaluated. During MRI, subjects were in the supine position with their heads in a neutral position. Craniocervical extension (CCE) and epiglot angle, length of the root of the tongue, distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid bone (MP-H distance) , and pharyngeal airway diameter at seven levels were measured. Results: Shape differences were more apparent at the caudal levels where the shapes were more oblique in OSA samples. The largest shape difference was at the level behind the tongue. After adjusting for body mass index and age, neutral head posture was correlated with OSA severity. CCE was correlated with an increase in the length of the root of the tongue , MP-H distance, epiglot angle, and the two most caudal airway areas. Conclusions: Overall, increased length of the root of the tongue, MP-H distance, and epiglot angle are associated with CCE in OSA patients and resulted in a larger and more oblique airway at most caudal planes, which should be considered as an adaptive postural mechanism that can maintain airway adequacy in OSA patients.