Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Species of Killifish in the Genus Orestias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from the Southern High Andes, Chile

Abstract A new species of Cyprinodontidae, Orestias piacotensis new species, is described from Laguna Piacota in the southern high Andean region (18°11′49.8″S, 69°15′56.9″W). It is a small and slender-bodied fish with mottled blackish bands on its flanks, fading to white on the belly and should be classified in the “agassii complex. ” Its head is moderately large with large eyes whose orbits do not reach the dorsal profile. This species is distinguished from the rest of the “agassii complex,” by possessing a wide protractile mouth with slightly upturned lower jaws, and pectoral, dorsal, and anal fins with elongate middle rays, pointed and with a reduced (12–16) and constant number of rays. It has a long and narrow caudal peduncle. Rounded, irregularly-sized, small scales cover the sides of the body, being absent from the dorsal and ventral parts of the body. The gill rakers are long, rounded, and closely spaced. Both sexes have 52 chromosomes. Se describe una especie nueva de Cyprinodontidae, Orestias piacotensis nov. sp. , en la Laguna Piacota ubicada en la región altoandina sur (18°11′49.8″S, 69°15′56.9″W). Es un pez pequeño y esbelto con bandas negras laterales, cambiando a color blanco en la zona ventral. Debería ser incluido en el “complejo agassii. ” La cabeza es moderadamente grande con ojos grandes cuyas órbitas no alcanzan el perfil dorsal primario. Esta especie se distingue del resto de las especies del “complejo agassii” por poseer una boca protráctil ancha con mandíbulas levemente inclinadas hacia arriba, aletas dorsales, pectorales y anales con rayos centrales alargados por lo que se ven puntiagudas y tienen número de rayos reducido (12–16) y constante, con un pedúnculo caudal largo y angosto. Escamas pequeñas, redondeadas y de tamaño irregular cubren los costados del cuerpo y están ausentes en el dorso y vientre. Las branquioespinas son largas, redondeadas y cercanas entre sí. Ambos sexos tienen 52 cromosomas.
Note on yield component analysis

A discussion on yield component analysis is presented in the paper. The discussion regards such issues as inappropriateness of a linear model in application to yield component analysis, correct measurement of yield and its components, sequential and nonsequential development of the components, and a choice of a statistical analysis method to provide a view on a relationship between yield and its components.
Phylomitogenomic analyses strongly support the sister relationship of the Chaetognatha and Protostomia

The phylum Chaetognatha (arrow worms) comprises a group of small marine predators that constitute a critical component of the zooplankton community throughout the world's oceans. Various phylogenetic affiliations have been proposed for the Chaetognatha, for which there are at least nine possible phylogenetic positions. Resolving the phylogenetic position of the chaetognaths is a key in understanding the fundamental developmental features of bilaterians. In comparison with the typical gene content of metazoan mitogenomes, two protein‐coding genes (atp6 and atp8) are absent from all chaetognaths. The two mitogenomes sequenced from Sagitta crassa and Zonosagitta nagae in this study nevertheless contain two and four tRNA genes, respectively, in contrast to those of the other five chaetognaths reported where only one tRNA gene (trnMet) is present, thus invalidating the view that all chaetognath mitogenomes have a single tRNA gene. A conserved major gene order shared by all chaetognaths could be partially identified in many protostome mitogenomes, but not in any ancestral mitogenome gene arrangement of the four deuterostome groups. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of protein‐coding genes from 85 mitogenomes of 19 groups suggests the Chaetognatha to be a sister group to the protostomes, a result consistent with evidences from the developmental pattern and other molecular analyses.
Fertiliser N and P applications on two Vertosols in north-eastern Australia. 1. Comparative grain yield responses for two different cultivation ages

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the 2 most limiting nutrients for grain production within the northern grains region of Australia. The response to fertiliser N and P inputs is influenced partly by the age of cultivation for cropping, following a land use change from native pasture. There are few studies that have assessed the effects of both N and P fertiliser inputs on grain yield and soil fertility in the long term on soils with contrasting ages of cultivation with fertility levels that are running down v. those already at the new equilibrium. Two long-term N x P experiments were established in the northern grains region: one in 1985 on an old (> 40 years) cultivation soil on the Darling Downs, Qld; the second in 1996 on relatively new (10 years) cultivation on the north-west plains of NSW. Both experiments consisted of fertiliser N rates from nil to 120 kg N/ha. crop in factorial combination with fertiliser P from nil to 20 kg P/ha. crop. Opportunity cropping is practiced at both sites, with winter and summer cereals and legumes sown. On the old cultivation soil, fertiliser N responses were large and consistent for short-fallow crops, while long fallowing reduced the size and frequency of N response. Short-fallow sorghum in particular has responded up to the highest rate of fertiliser N(120 kg N/ha. crop). Average yield increase with fertiliser N compared with nil for 5 short-fallow sorghum crops was 1440, 2650, and 3010 kg/ha for the 40, 80, and 120 kg N/ha, respectively. Average agronomic efficiency of N for these crops was 36, 33, and 25 kg grain/kg fertiliser N applied. This contrasts with relatively new cultivation soil, where fertiliser N response was generally limited to the first 30 kg N/ha applied during periods of high cropping intensity. Response to P input was consistent for crop species, VAM sensitivity, and starting soil test P level. At both the old and new cultivation sites, generally all winter cereals responded to a 10 kg P/ha application, and more than half of long-fallow sorghum crops from both sites had increased grain yield with P application. At the old cultivation site, average yield gain for 10 kg P/ha. crop treatment was 480 kg/ha for all winter cereal sowings, and 180 kg/ha for long-fallow sorghum. Short-fallow sorghum did not show yield response to P treatment.
Development of cormogenic nodules and microcorms by tissue culture, a new tool for the multiplication and genetic improvement of saffron

Afin de developper un systeme pour la micropropagation en continu du safran par l'induction de cals bulbeux nodulaires in vitro, differents regulateurs de croissance et des supplements organiques ont ete evalues en relation avec leur capacite de reguler la morphogenese et la regeneration des plantes dans des cultures de meristemes provenant de bulbes de safran. La microchirurgie appliquee sur le bourgeon du meristeme apical du bulbe avant sa mise en culture a vu augmenter l'induction des nodules bulbeux. Des concentrations elevees de AB et faibles, de 2,4 D se sont averees essentielles pour le developpement et la proliferation des nodules bulbeux. L'application de pachlobutrazol et d'imazalil a augmente la taux d'induction des pousses adventices dans les cals nodulaires de meme que la croissance des microbulbes. Les bulbes munis de pousses adventices qui avaient ete enracines en milieu sans regulateurs de croissance ont ete capables de generer des microbulbes dormants in vitro. Cette technique pourrait etre d'interet pour la multiplication ainsi que pour l'amelioration genetique de safran.
Estimates of genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits in Charolais cattle

Growth and carcass records were obtained on 1444 progeny, representing 53 Charolais sires from 7 yr of the Canadian Charolais Association Conception to Consumer Program. After weaning, all calves entered a commercial feedlot, where they remained on feed until they were visually appraised to grade A1 or A2, at which time they were slaughtered. The average age, backfat and carcass weight at slaughter were 417 d, 8.9 mm and 306 kg, respectively. Carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, marbling and number of days from on test to slaughter were adjusted to a fat constant end point of 8.9 mm of backfat. Genetic, phenotypic and environmental relationships were computed from variances and covariances estimated using a multiple-trait sire model with restricted maximum likelihood procedures between all pairwise combinations of growth and carcass traits. The following heritabilities were determined: birth weight, 0.25; 200-d adjusted weaning weight, 0.09; 365-d adjusted yearling weight, 0.16; feedlot test average d.
Forthcoming, Review of Financial Studies

We develop a model in which CEOs envy each other based on their compensation. When CEO compensation is increasing in the firm’s market value and size, we show that envy can cause merger waves even when the shock that precipitated the first merger in the wave is purely idiosyncratic. The analysis produces numerous predictions, some of which are as follows. First, the earlier acquisitions in a merger wave display higher synergies than the later acquisitions in the wave, so bidder returns will be higher for the earlier acquisitions. Second, earlier acquisitions in a merger wave involve smaller targets than later acquisitions. Third, the gain in compensation for the top management team of the acquiring firm should be higher for earlier acquisitions than for later acquisitions. Fourth, more envious CEOs are more likely to engage in acquisitions and pay higher premia. Fifth, an envy-generated merger wave is more likely in a bull stock market than in a bear market even when there is no mispricing that creates opportunities to time the market, so the quality of bull-market acquisitions is lower than that of bear-market acquisitions. Finally, controlling for the dispersion in firm values, the bull-market-versus-bear-market effect largely disappears. We test the first three predictions and find strong empirical support. DO ENVIOUS CEOS CAUSE MERGER WAVES? “Men are so constituted that every one undertakes what he sees another successful in, whether he has aptitude for it or not. ” Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe (1749-1832), German Poet, Dramatist,
Antibacterial activity of oleo-gum resins of Commiphora molmol and Boswellia papyrifera against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts of the oleo-gum resins of two Arabian medicinal plants, Commiphora molmol Engl. ex Tschirch andBoswellia papyrifera Hochst were investigated for their antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The phytochemical investigation demonstrated the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids and saponins in the methanol extracts which is lacking in the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts. The methanol extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial activity whereas the ethyl acetate extracts exhibited some degree of activity and the petroleum ether and water extracts exhibited no or least activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 31.25 and 250 µg/ml for oleo-gum resin methanol extract of C. molmol and of B. papyrifera ranged from 62.5 to 500 µg/ml, respectively. Key words: Commiphora molmol, Boswellia papyrifera, Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA, antibacterial activity.
Drifting baited stereo‐videography: a novel sampling tool for surveying pelagic wildlife in offshore marine reserves

We present a novel system of drifting pelagic baited stereo-video cameras that operate in deep-water, topographically complex environments typically considered inaccessible for sampling. The instruments are portable, semi-autonomous and inexpensive, allowing the recording of high-definition video footage in near-real time and over broad stretches of ocean space. We illustrate their benefits and potential as non-extractive monitoring tools for offshore marine reserves with a pilot study conducted within the newly established Perth Canyon Commonwealth Marine Reserve, southwestern Australia (32° S, 115° E). Using occupancy and maximum entropy models, we predict the distribution of midwater fishes and sharks and show that their most suitable habitat encompasses a wider fraction of the canyon head than is covered by park boundaries. Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that drifting pelagic stereo-video cameras can serve as appropriate field platforms for the construction of species distribution models with.
Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen und zur Epidemiologie von Endoparasiten bei Kühen in verschiedenen Haltungssystemen

In dieser Studie wurde der Parasitenstatus von Kuhen aus 25 Betrieben verschiedener Haltungsformen (Laufstall-, Weide- und Mutterkuhhaltung) untersucht. Die Untersuchungen der insgesamt 245 Kuhe erfolgte monatlich von Oktober 2002 bis September 2003. MDS waren die am haufigsten nachgewiesenen Parasiten mit einer durchschnittlichen Ausscheidungsextensitat zwischen: 1 – 16 % in der Laufstallhaltung, 40 – 70 % in der Weidehaltung und 35 – 64 % in der Mutterkuhhaltung. Die Ausscheidungsintensitat lag im Mittel >1EpG in der Laufstallhaltung, zwischen 4,2 und 14 EpG in der Weidehaltung sowie zwischen 2 und 10,3 EpG in der Mutterkuhhaltung. Die Tiere aus Weidehaltung hatten die signifikant hochste Ausscheidungsextensitat und –intensitat, die Tiere aus der Laufstallhaltung hatten die geringste (P ≤ 0,01). Von Januar bis Marz war die Ausscheidungsextensitat und –intensitat am signifikant geringsten, von Juli bis September am hochsten (P ≤ 0,01). Ein Vergleich der Eiausscheidung hinsichtlich des Alters erbrachte keine signifikanten Werte, allerdings hatten die bis Dreijahrigen die hochste Ausscheidungsextensitat und –intensitat. Kokzidien wurden nur in relativ geringen Mengen festgestellt, wobei die Kuhe aus der Mutterkuhhaltung die signifikant hochste Ausscheidungsextensitat (P ≤ 0,01) hatten. Mit zunehmenden Alter wurde eine abnehmende Ausscheidungshaufigkeit festgestellt. Primipare Tiere hatten signifikant (P ≤ 0,01) hohere Ausscheidungsextensitaten als Multipare. F. hepatica-Befall wurde nur in drei Weide- und zwei Mutterkuhbetrieben nachgewiesen. Die Moniezia Ausscheidungsextensitat wie –intensitat war gering. Erstaunlicherweise wurde in einem Mutterkuhbetrieb Paramphistomum beobachtet. Dictyocaulus viviparus und Dicrocoelium dendriticum wurden wahrend der Zeit der Untersuchung bei keinem Tier gefunden. Es wurde zu keinem Untersuchungszeitpunkt bei einer der Kuhe eine parasitar bedingte klinische Krankheit festgestellt. Aus der vorliegenden Untersuchung geht hervor, dass auch adulte Tiere zu einem hohen Prozentsatz Parasitentrager sind. Die tatsachlichen Befallsextensitaten durften jedoch noch uber den gemessen Werten liegen.
Your inner fish : a journey into the 3.5-billion-year history of the human body

In this little book, Neil Shubin provides an overview of a number of perspectives by which one can trace the evolutionary history of the human body from the earliest single-cell (despite the title) organism. The author takes us on a somewhat breathless romp through evolutionary anatomy and physiology in what amounts, often, to a textbook update. He opens Your Inner Fish with an excellent description of the frustrations, triumphs, luck and hard work of paleontological field exploration. In the chapters that follow he combines humor and expertise in detailing the evolutionary paths to human appendages, the parallels between anatomy and genetics, between physiology and biochemistry. Along the way he finds time to discuss the evolutionary implications of such diverse topics as hiccups and hernias.
Growth and Transplantability of Magnolia grandiflora Following Root Pruning at Several Growth Stages

Roots of field-grown southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.) were pruned once during dormancy, following the first shoot growth flush or after the second growth flush or twice at the following times: during dormancy and following first growth flush, during dormancy and following second growth flush, following first and second growth flush before transplanting in the winter. By the end of the growing season, root pruning at all stages of growth reduced leaf number, tree height, trunk caliper, and total tree leaf area and weight compared with unpruned controls. Total root weight was less for trees pruned during dormancy or following the first growth flush. Root pruning in- creased the proportion of fine roots (0- to 5-mm-diameter class) to coarse roots (> 5- to 10-mm-diamete r class). Shoot : root dry weight ratios at transplanting were not affected by root pruning. Root-pruned trees grew at a faster rate following transplant- ing than unpruned trees. Despite these initial differences. trees in all treatments were the same size 1 year after transplanting.
Differential requirements for antigen or homeostatic cytokines for proliferation and differentiation of human Vγ9Vδ2 naive, memory and effector T cell subsets

We have compared four human subsets of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, naive (Tnaive, CD45RA+CD27+), central memory (TCM, CD45RA–CD27+), effector memory (TEM, CD45RA–CD27–) and terminally differentiated (TEMRA, CD45RA+CD27–), for their capacity to proliferate and differentiate in response to antigen or homeostatic cytokines. Cytokine responsiveness and IL‐15R expression were low in Tnaive cells and progressively increased from TCM to TEM and TEMRA cells. In contrast, the capacity to expand in response to antigen or cytokine stimulation showed a reciprocal pattern and was associated with resistance to cell death and Bcl‐2 expression. Whereas antigen‐stimulated cells acquired a TCM or TEM phenotype, IL‐15‐stimulated cells maintained their phenotype, with the exception of TCM cells, which expressed CD27 and CD45RA in various combinations. These results, together with ex vivo bromodeoxyuridine incorporation experiments, show that human Vγ9Vδ2 memory T cells have different proliferation and differentiation potentials in vitro and in vivo and that TEMRA cells are generated from the TCM subset upon homeostatic proliferation in the absence of antigen.
Physico-chemical quality characteristics of royal jelly from three regions of Bulgaria.

The objective of the present study is to investigate the composition and physico-chemical properties of fresh royal jelly(RJ) samples from Sofia (n=5), Lovech (n=5) and Varna (n=3), produced from May to August 2011. The samples were kept frozen at -20° C before analysis. The parameters of royal jelly samples obtained from Sofia region varied within the following ranges: water content (61.7 - 65.2%), proteins (15.07 - 16.85%), fructose (3.73 - 5.05%), glucose (2.01 - 3.70%), sucrose (1.50 - 2.27%), total sugars (8.05 - 10.37%), pH (3.94 - 4.06), total acidity (3.86 - 4.51 ml 0.1 N NaOH/g) and electrical conductivity (180 - 206 μS/cm). The samples from Lovech region gave the following results: water content (59.10 - 62.70%), proteins (16.84 - 19.63%), fructose (4.07 - 5.47%), glucose (3.69 - 5.28%), sucrose (0.36 - 3.59%), total sugars (8.12 - 13.48%), pH (3.86 - 3.97), total acidity (3.68 - 4.42 ml 0.1 N NaOH/g) and electrical conductivity (196 - 216 μS/cm). Fructose, glucose, sucrose and total sugars contents are in the range 3.64-4.27%, 2.69 - 5.87%, 2.28 - 3.44%, 9.15 - 12.87%, respectively for the samples from Varna region. The minimum and maximum values for other parameters are: water content (63.30 - 65.80%), proteins (12.23 - 13.08%), pH (3.60 - 3.70), total acidity (2.48 - 4.23 ml 0.1 N NaOH/g), electrical conductivity (173 - 181 μS/cm). Because of the small number of samples and absence of information about additional feeding of bees with sugar solution, it should be insufficient to draw conclusion about the prevalence of glucose or fructose in fresh royal jelly. This work indicated slight differences between the obtained results of royal jelly samples from three regions of Bulgaria.
Tonic GABAa current in absence epilepsy

Typical absence seizures are characteristic of many idiopathic generalised epilepsies and the only seizure-type in childhood absence epilepsy. We know that absence seizures arise in thalamocortical networks and that GABAergic agents exacerbate or induce absences. Furthermore, raised levels of GABA have been identified in the ventrobasal thalamus in an established genetic animal model (genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg GAERS), which was later suggested as a result of aberrant GABA uptake. I have shown that enhanced tonic GABAa current in TC neurons of the VB is a common phenomenon across genetic and pharmacological models of absence seizures. Furthermore, my data show that increased extrasynaptic GABAaR (cGABAaR) function in the VB is both sufficient and necessary to induce SWDs. This is supported by the fact that focal intrathalamic application of a selective agonist for eGABAARs, THIP, was sufficient to elicit SWDs in normal animals and that mice lacking cGABAaRs were resistant to absence seizure induction by y-butyrolactone. Moreover, I have presented data that directly implicate aberrant type-1 GABA transporters (GAT-1) in SWD generation in vivo, with GAT-1 knockout mice exhibiting spontaneous SWDs and focal thalamic administration of the GAT-1 blocker, N0711, inducing SWDs in normal rats a potential new model of absence epilepsy. In addition, my data indicate that activation of postsynaptic GABAbRs enhances tonic GABAA current, presumably via the Gl o protein coupled adenyl cyclase pathway, which was present under control conditions and occurred in several brain areas. This postsynaptic GABAb-cGABAaR link is further supported by the fact that GBL failed to induce SWDs in 5-subunit knockout mice. Thus, one of the cellular thalamic pathologies that characterises absence seizures is an astrocyte-specific aberrant GAT-1 with the resulting elevated extracellular GABA level enhancing tonic GABAa current through two mechanisms: direct activation of high affinity eGABAARs and indirect increase in eGABAAR function due to activation of postsynaptic GABAbRs.
Studies on the natural and experimental host range of pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus.

Twenty-nine naturally occurring weeds in pigeon pea farms in Andhra Pradesh, India were studied for the presence of pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus. Of the 29 species, only 2 of 12 plants of Chrozophora rottleri tested positive for the virus. Results indicate that only cultivated and wild species of pigeon peas may serve as potential hosts of the virus.