Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of olfaction in human social interactions

Olfactory signals are generally regarded as the oldest and most widespread form of communication across taxa. They can play an important role in the mediation of social interactions, reproductive status and warning of danger, whilst also signalling more fixed genetic factors such as the major histocompatability complex, which is linked to inbreeding avoidance. Little is known of the role odour might play in humans, although there is some indication that humans may be influenced by a family of androgen steroids called the 16-androstenes, produced in axillary odour. Here I aim to identify the role of androstene compounds in humans, as well as body odour as a whole, using two theoretical frameworks based on intersexual and intrasexual signalling. Evidence is found to suggest androstadienone (“AND”, a putative male pheromone) and male odour (a composite sample of axillary sweat) may be having a suppressive effect on males. Men exposed to AND feel less attractive and potentially behave less attractive too, as judged by third-party raters. In a physical performance test, male odour is found to have a similar suppressing effect, with exposure being linked to decreased men’s performance in a cycling time trial and aspects of a 30-second cycling sprint test. In contrast, women exhibited stimulatory responses to the male odour, not AND. An analytical assessment of male odour was carried out, in an effort to link androstene profiles to aspects of phenotypic quality and socially relevant traits. Cluster analysis revealed that men’s odour profiles fell into two groups, which in turn could be explained by relationship status. In essence, single men have different compounds in their odour to men in a relationship. Furthermore, the odour of single men appears to be preferred by women. Exposure to solutions based on these two groups had sex specific effects on the receiver. In conclusion, the results highlight the novel possibility of human male intra-sexual signalling, whilst providing the only empirical evidence of odour chemistry links with social function in humans; paving the way for further investigations in this field.
Detection and characterization of shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli from piglets with or without diarrhoea in Mizoram

Escherichia coli (774) were isolated from faecal samples of piglets with or without diarrhoea from different districts of Mizoram, India. Virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eaeA and hlyA) were detected by multiplex PCR assay. Majority of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. Altogether, 48 serogroups were recorded and o60 was most prevalent. Commonest porcine pathogens under serogroup O8, O103, O108, O138, O141 and O147 were isolated, of which O103 causes haemalytic uremic syndrome in human. Out of 774 isolates, 153 (32.35%) carried at least one virulence gene studied. The virulence gene profiles of E. coli from both diarrhoeic and non diarrhoeic piglets were almost similar. Presence of high rate of coliform bacteria in the healthy and diarrhoeic piglets indicates that these animal species may represent as an important reservoir of these organisms for human infection.
Eigensurface analysis, ecology, and modelling of morphological adaptation in the falconiform humerus (Falconiformes: Aves)

Studies of morphological adaptation aim to quantify the relationship between an organism's form and its ecology. In the past such studies have been hampered by an over-reliance on either qualitative observations or the collection of a few, marginally representative two-dimensional linear measurements as morphological descriptors. Recent advances in morphometric data acquisition and analysis techniques now provide a means of accurately and comprehensively quantifying the morphological variation inherent in complex three-dimensional (3D) surfaces across a specimen set. Using birds of prey as a model group, we examine how one of these new morphometric methods – eigensurface analysis – can be used to investigate adaptation. Virtual models of the humerus of 50 falconiform species from 29 genera were examined to identify the morphological correlates associated with different flight styles, habitats, and behaviours of these ecologically sensitive predators. Results indicate that strong, consistent, unique, and subtle modes of shape variation are associated with differences in flight speed (fast–slow), flight style (perch hunting, chasing, low flight, soaring flight, hovering), habitat (forested–open landscape) and migratory behaviour (long-distance migrants–sedentary species). In each case, visual modelling of between-groups transitions in morphology can be used to facilitate identification of features of the humerus, such as the size and extent of surface-shape variation within specific regions of muscle attachment, that are important predictors of function and lifestyle. Eigensurface analysis-based representations of 3D morphology, in combination with standard linear discrimination techniques and new shape modelling procedures, represent a way to statistically evaluate hypotheses of morphological adaptation. This approach can be used not only for bird taxa, but more broadly in studies of ecology and adaptation in many vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant species, in ways that cannot be duplicated either by visual observation or by the representation of form using linear measurements, 2D–3D landmark coordinate sets or sets of 2D–3D boundary outline semilandmarks. © 2012 The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society© 2012 The Linnean Society of London, 165, 390–419.
Quality evaluation of strawberries grown in the region of Lavras, Minas Gerais State

The study determined the quality parameters of three cultivars of strawberries, aiming to provide support to the producers as to the choice of the best cultivar at planting time. The studied parameters were: physical characterization, mass loss, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, total, reducing and non-reducing sugars and vitamin C. Fruit of the cv. Oso-Grande presented higher values of pH and mass loss and lower values of titratable acidity, soluble solids, total and reducing sugars and vitamin C, presenting a good quality and can thus be used by producers.
European Pine Shoot Moth

In the United States, the European pine shoot moth has caused much damage in young, plantations of red pine. It has been responsible for reduced planting of red pine in many areas. Although attacked trees rarely if ever die, their growth is inhibited and many are, deformed. Scotch pine and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) are usually not so badly damaged. Swiss mountain pine (P. mugo Turra) may be severely attacked, but the resulting dense, bushy growth does not seriously affect the appearance of this ornamental tree.
Risk of Kidney Failure Associated with the Use of Acetaminophen, Aspirin, and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

People who take analgesic drugs frequently may be at increased risk of end-stage renal disease [ESRD], but the extent of this risk remains unclear. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs[NSAIDs] and kidney failure and to confirm the effect NSAIDs and kidney failure. We studied 424 persons(298 patient 166 male and 132 female)treated for ESRD of different ages from Hail region and 126 healthy person(23male and 103 female) . The study done by questionnaire, we asked them about their past use of medications containing paracetamol, aspirin, and others non-steroidal drugs. For each analgesic if it was taken routinely, as needed, and for more than 1 year or less. Heavier acetaminophen (paracetamol) use was associated with an increased risk of ESRD. In the study population we found that 52.59% of sick persons used paracetamol and 17.69% not used it. Also we found that 28.77% of sick persons used aspirin and 41.51% not used it. In addition to that we found that 34.43% of sick persons used other NSAIDs and 35.85% not used them. -----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2017) Volume 32, No 3, pp 105-116 106 16.51%of sick person confirmed that they had renal failure due to drugs, 49.53 %said no and 4.25 not answered. 14.39 % of healthy person confirmed that drugs caused renal failure , 14.86% said no and 0.4% not answered using SPSS analysis. People who often taken acetaminophen were associated with an increased risk of ESRD more than those often take aspirin or other NSAIDs.
Studies on the development and survival of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto at various temperatures and relative humidities

Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most efficient malaria vector in Africa. Recent advances in mapping the distribution of this vector have exploited the relationship between climatic factors and vector parameters such as growth, survival and reproduction. This work was designed to investigate the effect of temperature and humidity on the development and survival of the vector and to test the use of recently developed tools in describing its distribution. The development rate and survival of the aquatic stages of the vector were investigated at 16 constant temperatures. Adults were produced between 16 -34oC with a peak development rate at 28oC and peak number of adults at 22 -26oC. Larvae survived for less than 7 days at 10o, 12o, 38 o, and 40oC but for more than 5 weeks, at 14-18oC without any development of adults. Laboratory models accurately predicted development times at natural breeding sites in The Gambia suggesting the applicability of the models to field situations. The survival and mortality rates of adult An. gambiae s.s. were monitored at combinations of temperatures from 0-45oC at 5 intervals and 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% relative humidity. Survival was highest at 15-25oC and 60-100% relative humidity. The temperature - larva development relation was used to produce a distribution map across Africa while climatic data from sites at which chromosomal forms of the insect have been found were used to map the distribution of the forms across West Africa. Climate is an important determinant of insect distribution and the use of climate and vector parameters in describing or predicting vector and disease distribution will provide a cheaper and less labour intensive tool than traditional methods.
Plesiobiosis between Formica fusca L. and Formica aquilonia Yarr. [Hymenoptera, Formicidae]

An unusual case of plesiobiosis of two competitive ant species. Formica fusea L. (non­ territorial opportunistic form) and Formka equilonia Yarr. (territorial form). is described. F. fusea was nesting o n the edge of the lauer's mound. after (he F. aquilonia colony had experimentally been trans­ ferred 10 the sile. We discuss the poss ible Sig nificance o f our finding 10 the evolution of social para­ sitism in ants.
Effect of timing and duration of grazing of growing cattle in the West African Sahel on diet selection, faecal output, eating time, forage intake and live-weight changes and nutrition and performance of cattle

Sixty-four Azawak male weaned calves were allotted to eight treatments (T) in two trials to study the effect of timing (day or day-and-night) and duration of grazing on diet selection, faecal output, eating time, forage intake and weight changes. Grazing time during the day was 6 h for T 1, 2 and 3; 9 h for T 4, 5 and 6; and 12 h for T 7 and 8. Night grazing time was 0 h for T 1, 4 and 7; 3 h for T 2, 5 and 8; and 6 h for T 3 and 6. The trials were conducted from July 1995 to May 1996 covering the wet (WS), early dry (EDS) and late dry (LDS) seasons. Eight oesophageally fistulated steers were used in a cross-over design to sample the diet selected by day-grazers (D1) and by day-and-night-grazers during the day (D2) and at night (N2). Forage intake was determined from individual data on faecal output from all the calves and means of in vitro organic matter digestibility of extrusa of the fistulated steers. Water intake and eating time were measured in LDS. In WS there were no differences (P > 0? 05) in the quality of the diet (extrusa) selected for D1, D2 and N2. In LDS, crude protein content for D1 was lower than for D2 (73 v. 79 (s.e. 2) g/kg dry matter, P < 0? 05). In all seasons, faecal output and forage intake increased with total duration of grazing. Total time spent eating increased linearly with increasing total time allowed for grazing. These results suggest that allowing additional grazing time during the night leads to increased forage intake and consequently provides an opportunity for better animal production, especially in the dry season
Variación morfológica cualitativa y cuantitativa en Abrothrix longipilis (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)

Qualitative and quantitative morphological variation in Abrothrix longipilis (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae). We studied the alpha taxonomy of Abrothrix longipilis (Waterhouse, 1837), one of the most widely distributed and abundant Abrotrichini along the southern portion of Argentina and Chile. We conducted a qualitative (6 discrete characters) and quantitative (18 skull and dental measurements) morphological analysis of 477 adult specimens, grouped first by geographical criteria and later by membership to the clades defined in a previous phylogeographical study based on 2 molecular markers. Multivariate analyses (principal component analysis, discriminant analyses) suggested that in its current conception A. longipilis is a species-complex that includes at least two nominal taxa, A. longipilis stricto sensu, here restricted to Central Chile, and A. hirta (Thomas, 1895), distributed in southern Chile and southwestern Argentina. Populations of A. hirta showed a moderate correspondence between phylogeographic and phenotypic patterns. Tentatively, we considered that general size in A. hirta is mostly linked to environmental conditions (with larger individuals in forested areas, under high primary productivity conditions and the smaller ones in arid environments of low productivity) rather than to their inclusion in different clades. Under this scenario, morphological differentiation was probably driven by differential selection across a sharp ecological gradient, in spite of gene flow (divergence-with-gene-flow model). Palabras clave: Abrotrichini. Argentina. Chile. Craneo. Morfometria. Muroidea. Rodentia. Taxonomia
Influence of Coconut Milk Source on Host-Pathogen Interactions Between Ophiostoma Ulmi and Ulmus Selections

This study compared the effects of two sources of coconut milk in modified Murashige and Skoog medium on growth of Ophiostoma ulmi on five selections of elm callus cultures. One medium (CMC) contained coconut milk from fresh coconuts; the other medium, (CMS), coconut milk obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. These studies showed that the coconut milk source affected fungal growth significantly, varying with elm selection and aggressiveness of the Ophiostoma ulmi isolate. An evaluation was made on production of secondary metabolites in callus cultures with each source of coconut milk. High performance liquid chromatography from Ulmus americana showed a higher level of those secondary metabolites using CMS medium when callus was from mature, DED-susceptible trees, but higher levels with CMC when callus was from DED-resistant trees.
Community structure of plant parasitic nematodes in Champawat District of Uttaranchal, India.

A survey of Champawat district of Uttaranchal, India was conducted to record the plant parasitic nematodes associated with some vegetable, cereal, oil-seed and fruit crops. Analysis of nematode communities revealed the presence of several plant parasitic nematodes, of which the predominant ones were: Meloidogyne spp. (M. incognita and M. javanica) associated with chilli, okra, papaya and soybean; Quinisulcius acti with maize, chilli, okra and pumpkin; Rotylenchulus reniformis with castor, papaya and okra; Helicotylenchus spp. (H. dihystera and H. pseudorobustus) with pumpkin, okra, papaya and soybean; Hemicriconemoides mangiferae and Paratylenchus curvitatus with mango and litchi; Trichodorus pakistanensis with litchi, soybean and pumpkin and Hoplolaimus seinhorsti and Tylenchorhynchus indicus were found to be associated with okra and mango respectively. The M. incognita and M. javanica were found to have highest importance value (53.2), followed by R. reniformis (47.24) and H. seinhorsti (44.08), and these were adjudged to be the top ranking plant parasitic nematodes in this district This is the first attempt of a nematode-based survey of Champawat district of Uttaranchal.
A coprological study of helminth infections of horses in Istanbul, Turkey.

A coprological study to determine the helminth infections of horses in Istanbul was carried out. Individual fecal samples were taken from 204 horses (111 males and 93 females) of varying ages and breeds. The samples were examined for eggs by Fülleborn’s flotation, Benedect’s sedimentation methods and for the larvae of lungworm by the Baermann’s method. Further individual larval cultures were performed from fecal samples for the identification of 3rd stage larvae (L3) of strongyle nematodes. It was found that 33 (16.2%) of 204 horses were infected with any nematode species, 23 (11.3%) with Cyathostomin nematodes, 17 (8.3%) with cyathostomins except Gyalocephalus and Posteriostomum, 13 (6.4%) with Poteriostomum spp. , 11 (5.4%) with Strongylus edentatus, 7 (3.4%) with Trichostrongylus axei, 4 (2.0%) with Triodontophorus spp. , 3 (1.5%) with Strongyloides westeri, 1 (0.5%) with Gyalocephalus capitatus, 1 (0.5%) with Oxyuris equi, 1 (0.5%) with Parascaris equorum, and 1 (0.5%) with Oesophagodontus robustus. Out of 204 horses, 15 (7.4%) were infected with only one species, 12 (5.9 %) with two species, 4 (1.9%) with three species, and 2 (0.9%) with four species. No trematode or cestode eggs could be detected.
Florística e estrutura fitossociológica em floresta ombrófila densa submontana na barragem do rio São Bento, Siderópolis, Estado de Santa Catarina - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i4.3345

Aiming to provide primary data to be used in restoration programs, data from a floristic and phytosociological survey at a Submontane Ombrophilous Dense Forest remnant around Sao Bento river dam (Sideropolis municipality, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil) are presented. All tree individuals with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were recorded (1 ha plot). 1,715 individuals belonging to 107 species and 42 botanical families were identified. Euterpe edulis Mart. , Casearia sylvestris Sw. and Bathysa australis (St.-Hil.) K.Schum. were the species with higher values of structural importance. High index of zoophily and zoochory were registered among the identified species. From the floristic composition and litter abundance, it can be assumed that the studied area corresponds to an advanced stage of natural regeneration
A cause for consilience: Utilizing multiplegenomic data types to resolve problematicnodes within Arthropoda and Ecdysozoa

A major turning point in the study of metazoan evolution was the recognition of the existence of the Ecdysozoa in 1997. This is a group of eight animal phyla (Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Loricifera, Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, Tardigrada, Onychophora and Arthropoda). Ecdysozoa is the most specious clade of animals to ever exist and the relationships among its eight phyla are still heatedly debated. Similarly also the relationships among the three sub-phyla (Chelicerata, Pancrustacea and Myriapoda) within the most important ecdysozoan phylum (the Arthropoda) are still debated. Indeed, the two major problems in ecdysozoan phylogeny refer to the relationships of Myriapoda within Arthropoda, and of Tardigrada within Ecdysozoa. Difficulties in ecdysozoan relationships resides in lineages characterized by rapid, deep divergences and subsequently long periods of divergent evolution. Phylogenetic signal to resolve the relationships of these lineages is diluted, increasing the likelihood of recovery of phylogenetic artifacts. In an attempt to resolve the relationships within Ecdysozoa, consilience of three independent phylogenetic data sets was investigated. EST and rRNA and microRNA (miRNA) data were sampled across all major ecdysozoan phyla. In particular, a major contribution of this thesis is the first time sequencing of miRNAs for all the panarthropod phyla. MicroRNAs are genome regulatory elements that recently emerged as a source of useful phylogenetic data (Sempere et al. 2006) because of their low homoplasy levels. The considered data sets were analysed under phylogenetic methods and models, implemented to minimize the occurrence of phylogenetic reconstruction artifacts to understand the evolution of Ecdysozoa. Analyses of independent data types recovered well supported and corroborating evidence for the monophyly of Panarthropoda (Arthropoda, Onychophora and Tardigrada), a sister group relationships between Myriapoda and Pancrustacea within Arthropoda, and the paraphyly of Cycloneuralia (Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Loricifera, Kinorhyncha and Priapulida).
Characterization of Diazotrophic Bacteria Non-Symbiotic Associated with Eucalyptus (Eucalyptussp.) in Codazzi, Cesar (Colombia)

RESUMEN Se evaluo el efecto de las epocas climaticas (lluvia y sequia) y del estrato de la muestra(suelo rizosferico, raices y hojas) sobre la poblacion de los generos Azotobacter,Beijerinckia, Derxia, Azospirillum, Herbaspirillum, Gluconacetobacter y Burkholderia en el Euca-lipto ( Eucalyptus sp.). Asi mismo, se evaluo su capacidad en la produccion de com-puestos indolicos como promotores del crecimiento vegetal y su actividad de reduccionde acetileno como indicador de la fijacion biologica de nitrogeno. Los resultados noregistraron diferencias estadisticas significativas en el test de Tukey ( P ≤ 0.05 ) en lapoblacion con respecto a la epoca climatica. Con respecto al estrato de muestra, losaislamientos tentativos de Herbaspirillum sp. y Azospirillum sp. presentaron diferenciassignificativas en suelo rizosferico y raices. Se obtuvieron 44 aislamientos de los cualesse agruparon por caracterizacion fenotipica como: 14 presuntivos de Beijerinckia sp. , 12de Azotobacter sp. , ocho de
TWO YEARS CLINICAL EVALUATION OF A BULK FILL COMPOSITE RESIN COMPARED WITH A NANOHYBRIDE INCREMENTAL FILL COMPOSITE RESIN IN CLASS ΙΙ CAVITIES

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the two years clinical performance of a bulk fill composite and conventional nanohybride incremental fill composite in class II cavities. Materials and methods: A total of 60 class Π cavities were restored with either bulk fill material (Tetric EvoCeram bulk fill) and self-etch adhesive (AdheSE adhesive) or an incremental resin composite (Tetric N-Ceram Nano-hybrid) and self-etch adhesive (AdheSE adhesive). In group Ι: The restorative material Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill was applied in one bulk. In group Π: Tetric N-Ceram Nano-hybrid was applied using an incremental filling technique starting at the gingival wall. All restorations were clinically evaluated at periods of 1 week (initial recall), after six months, after one year, after eighteen months and at the end of two years. Assessment was done according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Data were statistically analyzed using Friedman test and Fisher’s exact at P<0.05 level of significance. Results: There was no significant difference between group Ι and group Π regarding all tested criteria at different follow up periods; where P > 0.05. Conclusion: Bulk fill composite (Tetric EvoCeram bulk fill) and incremental fill composite resin (Tetric N-Ceram Nano-hybrid) exhibited comparable acceptable clinical performance after two years of evaluation