Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydromechanical Modeling of Fault Reactivation in the St. Gallen Deep Geothermal Project (Switzerland): Poroelasticity or Hydraulic Connection?

In 2013, fluid injection during the St. Gallen deep geothermal project, Switzerland, induced hundreds of seismic events, including a ML 3.5 earthquake on a fault hundreds of meters away from the well. Recent studies have suggested the direct pressure effect through permeable hydraulic connections and poroelastic effects as possible mechanisms for inducing seismicity on distant faults. In St. Gallen, operational, seismic, and earthquake data are available to investigate the underlying physical mechanisms using a numerical model. The results show that Coulomb stress changes at the fault can be 3 orders of magnitude greater when a hydraulic connection is present. Combining this with several field observations, we conclude that the direct pressure effect was more likely the predominant mechanism behind the seismicity induced in St. Gallen. The detection of hydraulic connections may be important for future projects as pressure can be driven far from the well and reactivate remote faults.
Distinct hierarchical alterations of intrinsic neural timescales account for different manifestations of psychosis

Hierarchical perceptual-inference models of psychosis may provide a holistic framework for understanding psychosis in schizophrenia including heterogeneity in clinical presentations. Particularly, hypothesized alterations at distinct levels of the perceptual-inference hierarchy may explain why hallucinations and delusions tend to cluster together yet sometimes manifest in isolation. To test this, we used a recently developed resting-state fMRI measure of intrinsic neural timescale (INT), which reflects the time window of neural integration and captures hierarchical brain gradients. In analyses examining extended sensory hierarchies that we first validated, we found distinct hierarchical INT alterations for hallucinations versus delusions in the auditory and somatosensory systems, thus providing support for hierarchical perceptual-inference models of psychosis. Simulations using a large-scale biophysical model suggested local elevations of excitation-inhibition ratio at different hierarchical levels as a potential mechanism. More generally, our work highlights the robustness and utility of INT for studying hierarchical processes relevant to basic and clinical neuroscience.
Studies of ionic mechanisms associated with human cancers

4 Table of contents 6 List of figures 13 List of tables 17 Abbreviations 18 Chapter 1. General introduction 21 1.1 Pathophysiology of metastatic disease 22 1.1.1 Current problems in clinical management of BCa 22 1.1.2 Metastatic cascade 23 1.2 Cancer markers 26 1.2. 1 Circulating tumour cells 27 1.3 Ion channels in cancer 29 1.3. 1 Voltage-gated sodium channel expression in cancer 30 1.3. 1.1 Structure-function of voltage-gated sodium channels 33 1.3. 1.2 Expression of voltage-gated sodium channel in strongly metastatic cells 35 1.3. 1.3 CELEX hypothesis 40 1.3. 1.4 VGSC β subunits 42 1.3. 1.5 Association of VGSC expression with mainstream cancer mechanisms: Regulatory mechanisms 45 1.4 Ion channel expression in blood mononuclear cells 45 1.4. 1 Lymphocytes 46 1.4. 2 Macrophages 48 1.4. 3 Plasticity of ion channel expression in mononuclear cells 48
The effect of psychological empowerment on job burnout and competitive advantage

PurposeThis study aims at investigating the effect of psychological empowerment on job burnout and competitive advantage with the mediating role of organizational commitment and creativity.Design/methodology/approachThe statistical population included all the managers and staffs of Tooka Company in Iran, and for data analysis, 120 completed questionnaires were used. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS 18 and Amos 20 software and structural equation modeling method. To test the mediating relationships, bootstrap method was used.FindingsThe findings showed that psychological empowerment has a significant direct effect on job burnout and competitive advantage. Also, psychological empowerment has a significant indirect effect on job burnout through the mediating role of organizational commitment. In addition, psychological empowerment has a significant indirect effect on competitive advantage through the mediating role of organizational creativity.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment, job burnout, competitive advantage, organizational commitment and creativity.
The Impact of Environmental Risk Exposure on the Determinants of Sustainable Entrepreneurship

Does the increasing awareness of environmental risk exposure also affect intentions to create enterprises which address these social and environmental failures? Besides economic explanations that social and environmental needs and market failure create opportunities for sustainable entrepreneurship, it is less clear how cognitive processes and motivations related to sustainable entrepreneurship are shaped by its context. This research integrates environmental risk exposure as a contextual variable into the theory of planned behavior and uses data gathered in the course of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. We provide empirical evidence for the impact of environmental risk exposure on the determinants of sustainable entrepreneurial intention and contribute to a deeper understanding of the formation of sustainable entrepreneurial intention.
Cancer among Asian American Population in the United States: Incidence and Survival Disparities

iii Acknowledgements . vi List of Tables . ix List of Figures . xi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Background . 6 Cancer . 6 US Asian Americans . 12 Research on Cancer Health Disparities among Asian Americans . 19 Summary . 29 Chapter 3: Cancer Incidence among US Asian American Populations . 30 Introduction . 30 Material and Methods . 32 Results . 39 Discussion . 45 Disclaimers . 54 Chapter 4: Stomach Cancer Survival among US Asian American Populations . 55 Introduction . 55 Material and Methods . 58 Results . 64 Discussion . 72 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations for Further Study . 79 Appendix 1: Institutional Review Board Approval . 83 Appendix 2: Institutional Review Board Approval . 84 viii References . 85 Curriculum Vita . 107
EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2014. Scientific Opinion on the safety of astaxanthin-rich ingredients (AstaREAL A1010 and AstaREAL L10) as novel food ingredients

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of astaxanthin-rich ingredients AstaREAL A1010 and AstaREAL L10 as novel food ingredients (NFIs) in the context of Regulation (EC) No 258/97. The NFIs are produced from astaxanthin-rich alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Astaxanthin content is 5.0–5.6 % in AstaREAL A1010 powder, 10.0–12.0 % in AstaREAL L10 oil and 2.5–2.7 % in AstaREAL L10 encapsulated oil. Sufficient information was provided regarding the composition, specification, manufacture and stability of the NFIs. The NFIs are intended to be used in fermented liquid dairy products, non-fermented liquid dairy products, fermented soya products and fruit drinks for healthy adults. The applicant recommends a maximum consumption of astaxanthin from the NFIs of 4 mg/day. Mean and high-level (95 th percentile) daily intakes of 0.106 mg/kg bw and 0.256 mg/kg bw astaxanthin from the NFIs were estimated, based on European consumption data of the proposed food categories. The consumption of the NFIs is not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous. There are no safety concerns regarding genotoxicity. There is no indication from the available toxicological data that the NFIs would be more toxic than astaxanthin. Therefore, the Panel bases the evaluation of the NFIs on the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.034 mg/kg bw for astaxanthin derived by the FEEDAP Panel. The Panel notes that the maximum recommended intake of 4 mg astaxanthin per day (0.06 mg/kg bw) and the estimated mean intake based on the use levels in the proposed food categories (0.106 mg/kg bw per day) exceed the ADI by approximately twoand three-fold, respectively. The Panel therefore concludes that the safety of the NFIs at the proposed use and use levels has not been established. © European Food Safety Authority, 2014
Use of bioactive chitosan and Lippia multiflora essential oil as coatings for maize and sorghum seeds protection

Essential oil (EO) extracted from leaves of Lippia multiflora were used alone or combined with chitosan at 0.25% and 0.5% as coating solutions for maize and sorghum seeds. Different coating formulations made were tested on seeds to determine their antifungal activity against Rhizopus sp and A. Flavus respectively isolated from sorghum and maize seeds. Coating solutions impact on seeds germination rate and plant growth in the laboratory condition were also evaluated. Results revealed that chitosan and L. Multiflora EO coating used separately exhibited fungicidal effect against Rhizopus sp and fungistatic effect against A. Flavus. When there were associated, the coating formulation demonstrated a strong inhibition against A. flavus and became ineffective against Rhizopus ssp. Chitosan solution (0.25% and 0.5%) without EO significantly increased seeds germination percentage and height maize and sorghum plant. On the other hand, EO coating alone displayed a total inhibition of seeds germination. When EO was mixed with chitosan solution, a decrease in the height of plants was observed.
Mesocycle Progression in Hypertrophy: Volume Versus Intensity

Week to week progressions over the course of typically 4–8 weeks (before a recovery week is taken) are one of the central forms of progression in a muscle growth training plan. Should the trainee add more weight to the bar each week, add repetitions to the sets, or add whole sets to provide the best hypertrophyspecific overload? Based on the current literature, the likely answer is “some of all 3,” but with a progression in set numbers probably being the most well supported. The trade-offs between repetition and weight progression are not as clear and are discussed.
Environmental Upgrading and Suppliers’ Agency in the Leather Global Value Chain

The paper explores the role of suppliers in the process of environmental upgrading (EnvU) within global value chains (GVCs). Theoretical contributions to EnvU have highlighted, in particular, the role of global buyers in supporting the EnvU of products and processes, while limited attention has been given to suppliers as proactive actors within GVCs. This paper approaches EnvU through the lens of innovation and focuses on the agency of suppliers. Through the analysis of innovations developed within the leather GVC, with a special focus on the Arzignano cluster (Italy), the analysis shows how suppliers can autonomously develop sustainability strategies to maintain their competitiveness and achieve higher value in the GVC. However, results stress the limits of green strategies as buyers and suppliers do not share the same vision of how to foster sustainability.
Loan quality: does bank corporate governance matter?

ABSTRACT The influence of corporate governance on quality of loan has rarely been explored in banking sector of Pakistan. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of corporate governance on loan quality by employing relevant econometric specification such as panel fixed effect and 2SLS regression models, for the period 2005–2015. The findings reveal lower proportion of block holder, lower debt level, low frequency of board meetings and high percentage of affiliated audit committee play pivotal role in improving loan quality of the banks. Our study has practical and policy implications which might be useful whilst policy makers devise and implement Code of Corporate Governance with the aim to reduce nonperforming loans in the country’s banking sector.
Is Non-Vascularized Fibular Grafting an Effective Choice in the Treatment of Upper Extremity Pseudarthrosis?

167 Erciyes Med J 2020; 42(2): 167–73 • DOI: 10.14744/etd.2019. 80148 ORIGINAL ARTICLE – OPEN ACCESS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Yakup Ekinci , Kaan Gürbüz Is Non-Vascularized Fibular Grafting an Effective Choice in the Treatment of the Upper Extremity Pseudarthrosis? Objective: To examine the efficacy of non-vascularized fibular grafts (NVFGs) in cases of isolated upper extremity pseudarthrosis, a subject covered by few publications in the literature. Materials and Methods: Twelve long bones of 11 patients treated with NVFGs for upper extremity pseudarthrosis between January 2014 and July 2018 in our clinic were included in this study. Demographic data, length of the NVFG, postoperative complications, postoperative recovery period, radiographic bone union, joint range of motion measurements, Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Q-DASH) score for functional evaluation, and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) or donor site morbidity were recorded. Results: Of the 11 cases (three females and 8 males; median age 42.5 years; range 11 to 54 years; mean follow up 24.58±9.31 months), five cases involved the humerus, three cases involved the radius, two cases involved the ulna, and two cases involved the clavicle. The mean amount of graft harvested from the donor site was 39.7±8.87 mm, while the graft union time was 6±0.50 months. Satisfactory Q-DASH [median 6.8 (2.28-29.50)] and LEFS scores (mean 76.5±2.81) were obtained Conclusion: Reconstruction with NVFGs is still an effective method in patients with problematic treatment of upper extremity long bone pseudarthrosis.
Study on Immunity of an Experimental Oil Adjuvant Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccine in Cattle.

An oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV) was prepared from a local strain of Pasteurella multocida. Strain 6:B was cultured and inactivated by formalin. Bacterial pellet was prepared by centrifugation and subsequently adjuvanted by Montannide oil ISA-70. A dose of prepared vaccine containing 3ml (2mg dry weight/ml) was injected into five calves by IM route. Animals were bled before and at 24, 90, 150, and 200 days postvaccination. Collected sera were used in passive mouse protection test (PMPT). Active mouse protection test (AMPT) was carried out for OAV according to standard method. Results of PMPT showed 100% protection up to 150 days and 66-83% up to 200 days post-vaccination. In AMPT, 4 log of protection was gained. In this experiment the immunity induced by OAV adjuvanted by ISA-70 could protect the calves.
Assessment of cardiopulmonary function by contrast-enhanced echocardiography

Introduction Ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) can be used for quantitative, diagnostic imaging based on the indicator dilution theory. However, the correct use of the indicator dilution theory with contrast-enhanced ultrasound requires to establish the relationship between UCA concentration and the backscattered acoustic intensity (AI). In this study, the AI is investigated in relation to different concentrations of SonoVue® at different temperatures and the influence of different temperatures on the stability of microbubbles is assessed. Methods The AI backscattered from SonoVue® was investigated imaging different concentrations at two temperatures (4 and 20 °C) with an iE33 ultrasound scanner. The stability of SonoVue® was investigated using a concentration of 5 mg/L at three temperatures (4, 20, and 37 °C). Results SonoVue® showed at 4 and 20 °C a linear relationship between the backscattered AI and the concentration below 1 and 2 mg/L, respectively. The stability of SonoVue® increased at lower temperatures. The backscattered AI in the stability-study was lower at 4 °C than at 20 °C, consistent with the calibration-study; however, at 37 °C the backscattered AI was lower than at 4 °C. The AI was measureable at 4 °C for at least four hours, at room temperature for two hours, and at body temperature for only 20 minutes. Conclusion The relationship between SonoVue® concentration and the backscattered AI was linear below 1 2 mg/L. Although the backscattered AI was lower at 4 °C than at 20 °C, SonoVue® at 4 °C showed the longest echogenicity in time.
Economic sanctions and income inequality: impacts of trade restrictions and foreign aid suspension on target countries

This research examines the relationship between economic sanctions and income inequality of sanctioned states. Economic sanctions have a discernible effect on target income inequality. I argue that such an effect significantly varies across sanctions instruments and economic conditions of sanctioned countries. Data analysis for 152 countries from 1974 to 2011 shows that import sanctions increase inequality of labor-abundant targets, but such an effect disappears in labor-scarce targets, whereas the findings provide no reliable evidence for the effect of export sanctions. The results also suggest that foreign aid sanctions reduce the inequality of targets that are significantly dependent on foreign assistance.
Corporate Performance in Nigeria: The Effect of Oil Price and Exchange Rate Fluctuations

Discussions on the separate effect of oil price and exchange rate fluctuations on economic activity and corporate performance in Nigeria are inconclusive. This study investigates the simultaneous influence of oil price and exchange rate and the impact of the different exchange rate regimes adopted in Nigeria on corporate performance, using the Structural-VAR / Historical Decomposition framework. The literature in these areas is sparse. Result from this study suggests that oil price shocks have negative influence on corporate performance with a very short-term positive influence. Exchange rate shocks have positive impact on corporate performance with an instantaneous negative effect. Also, fixed exchange regimes are associated with a downturn in corporate performance, while flexible regimes are associated with improved corporate performance. This result support diversification and flexible exchange rate policies, while corporate managers should adopt risk-hedging strategies to cushion the adverse combined effect of oil price and exchange rate shocks.
Profit vs morality: how unfair is labor market discrimination? Results from a survey experiment

Using an original survey-experimental protocol, we study the normative acceptability of the trade-off between immoral profit (discrimination) and costly morality (non-discrimination). We test the causal influence of three factors: i) the origin of discrimination, ii) the steepness of the morality/profit trade-off and iii) anti-discriminatory moral injunctions. Contrasting with past experimental and attitudinal studies, we find that a significant minority of respondents believe that labor market discrimination is acceptable when morality results in profit loss. We also find that the three tested factors have significant effects on normative opinions. Respondents are more likely to choose profit over morality when discrimination is taste-based than when it is caused by imperfect information. Discrimination’s acceptability rises with the cost of non discrimination. Anti-discriminatory moral injunctions sharply reduces the acceptability of profitable discrimination.
Low complexity portable MIMO radar system for the characterisation of complex environments at high resolution

This study presents the concept, design, and operation of a low-cost and lightweight multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system, dedicated to the characterisation of complex volumetric environments such as snow, forest, sand etc. using synthetic aperture radar tomographic focusing. The system consists of six transmitting and six receiving antennas, operated in a multi-static configuration, resulting in an equivalent mono-static vertical virtual array. Antenna positions have been set considering a trade-off between coupling effects, imaging ambiguities due to spectral folding and vertical resolution. The system also contains radio frequency signal generation and acquisition blocks and has been developed and operated at the IETR laboratory of the University of Rennes 1. An element-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique is proposed that avoids the use of switches for selecting transmission and reception channels, using a specific carrier for each transmit channel, and spectral analysis of each receive channel, allowing the 36 MIMO channels to be retrieved. The use of a time-domain back-projection algorithm for imaging in the elevation direction provides results that confirm the potential of the system for the characterisation of complex media.
Countries and Cultural Differences in the Stigma of Mental Illness: The East–West Divide

Mental illness is a global public health crisis. Although rates of untreated cases stand as a primary problem, stigma is a significant obstacle. Yet, global differences in levels and roots of stigma remain poorly understood. Using the Stigma in Global Context–Mental Health Study (SGC-MHS) data, we analyzed data on two components of stigma—prejudice and discriminatory potential—attached to clinically diagnostic cases of depression and schizophrenia. We examined whether stigma was higher in the East than West. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the link between prejudice and discriminatory potential in the East was due, in part, to cultural differences in the attributions about mental illness. With SGC-MHS’ nationally representative vignette data from over 11,000 respondents in 11 relevant countries (four Eastern, seven Western), analyses replicated past research of higher levels of stigma and more moral attributions in Eastern countries, particularly for depression. Moreover, prejudice-related disclosure spillover concerns predicted discriminatory potential (social distance) in the East, but not the West; this was driven by a greater emphasis on moral attributions in the East. Finally, exploratory analyses found that Western respondents endorsed higher discrimination for minority (vs. majority) group members with mental illness. In Eastern countries, the same pattern emerged for schizophrenia, but the reverse occurred for depression—greater stigma for majority as compared with minority group members. Together, these findings suggest that cultural differences in the sources of prejudice and attributions about the etiology of mental illness contribute, at least in part, to global differences in the profile of stigma.
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF FILM HOLE IRRIGATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE FACTORS

Film hole irrigation is a new type of film‐mulched irrigation technology. To investigate the influences of five factors—bulk density, initial soil water content, irrigation depth, film hole diameter and infiltration time—on the infiltration characteristics of film hole irrigation, 12 experiments were conducted. The infiltration characteristics considered were the cumulative infiltration (I), infiltration rate (i) and average increment of soil water content (∆θ). Two empirical models were established that describe the relationship of I with ∆θ and various influential factors. The proposed models of I and ∆θ had a root mean square error of 5.82 ml and 0.003 cm3 cm−3, respectively. The results revealed that the effects of initial soil water content and irrigation depth on I were not significant (P > 0.05) and that the ranking of factors according to degree of influence, from large to small, was infiltration time, soil bulk density and film hole diameter. Soil bulk density, initial soil moisture, irrigation depth and film hole diameter had highly significant effects on ∆θ (P < 0.01), and their ranking according to degree of influence, from large to small, was initial moisture content, soil bulk density, irrigation depth and film hole diameter. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.