Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH ASAL BIJI (Shallot Cultivation Technology from True Shallot Seed)

Bawang merah adalah salah satu komoditas bahan makan penting di Indonesia dengan rata-rata konsumsi per kapita sebesar 49,3 g per minggu. Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Jawa Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Sumatera Barat merupakan sentra produksi bawang merah. Sebagian besar budidaya bawang merah masih menggunakan umbi sebagai sumber benih dengan biaya pembelian yang sangat tinggi (Rp.45 juta/ha). Penggunaan sumber benih asal biji sangat berprospek dikembangkan di Indonesia karena dapat mengurangi biaya pembelian benih sampai 66,7% dan mengurangi penggunaan hasil panen untuk sumber benih berikutnya (berkisar 10-15% dari hasil). Permasalahannya, informasi tentang teknologi budidaya bawang merah asal biji masih sedikit sehingga diperlukan penelitian-penelitian untuk mendapatkan komponen teknologi bawang merah spesifik lokasi. Informasi yang saat ini tersedia, antara lain: (1) Proses perbanyakan benih bawang merah dianjurkan di dataran tinggi (1.000-1.500 m dpl); (2) Tersedia beberapa varietas, seperti; Bima, Pikatan, Tuk Tuk, Tajuk, BM 8705, Sanren, Manjung, Trisula, dan Pancasona, namun perlu diuji daya adaptasinya pada lokasi spesifik; (3) Penanaman di dataran tinggi sebaiknya lebih rapat dibandingkan di dataran rendah; dan (4) Pupuk organik dan anorganik sangat diperlukan, namun informasi tentang dosis, cara, dan waktu pemberiannya berdasarkan spesifik lokasi sedikit.
Risk Management Practices by South African Universities: An Annual Report Disclosure Analysis

This paper assesses risk management practices at South African universities by analyzing the extent of risk management disclosure recommended by King IV and the level of risk governance maturity. This study was motivated by #Feesmustfall disruptions, which pointed to the lack of effective risk management, preparedness for volatility and increased scrutiny by stakeholders. A qualitative content analysis using a risk disclosure checklist was conducted on 18 annual reports and analyzed using an exploratory research design. The results revealed that over 80% of the sampled South African universities have disclosed most of their risk management practices, showing an improved disclosure due to King IV’s “apply and explain” philosophy as introduced in 2016. However, there were areas of improvement identified, such as: defining and approval of risk appetites and tolerance; development and implementation of business continuity plans; confirming the unpreparedness for volatility; annual revision of policies; and integration of risk management into the culture and daily activities of the university. This paper builds upon previous studies that highlighted a lack of detailed disclosures in South African organizations’ annual reports. This study also provides interesting insights into the impact of social events on organizational practices and supports the notion that legislative accounting practices should echo stakeholders and societal expectations.
Assessment of functional outcome of operative vs conservative management of displaced clavicle fractures

Background: clavicle fractures account for approximately 2.6% of all fractures. Middle third fractures account for 80% of all clavicle fractures. Historically, clavicle fractures have been treated mostly nonoperatively with clavicular brace, but due to increase rate of complications such as nonunion and malunion, clavicle fractures are now increasingly being treated surgically which results in lower rate of such complications, besides improved patient oriented outcome and early mobilization.Methods: Current study is a prospective and observational comparative study, conducted over 30 patients diagnosed with displaced clavicle fractures coming to the department of orthopaedics in a tertiary care hospital in South Rajashthan between January 2019 to June 2020. Patients were then allotted alternatively into two groups. Patients selected for conservative treatment were treated with the figure of eight clavicle brace and arm sling pouch. Patients selected for operative treatment were treated with plating. Functional outcomes were assessed using Constant and Murley score in every follow up at 3 month and 6 month; and fracture union was assessed by serial radiographs taken at sixth week, third month and sixth month.Results: Among 30 patients, 15 patients were treated conservatively and rest 15 patients were treated surgically with plating. Functional outcome at the end of third and sixth months of follow up were measured by using Constant Murley score and found significantly higher in operative group than conservative group.Conclusions: In our study, it was found that at the end of 6 month follow up, patients treated surgically with plating had better functional outcomes than conservatively treated patients as measured by Constant and Murley score. It was also seen that, the duration of union and the incidence of complications was less in the operative group as compared to the conservative group.
Determinants of financial inclusion in Afar Region: Evidence from selected woredas

Abstract This paper examined the determinants of financial inclusion in Afar Region. To address the objectives of the study, two purposively selected woredas (Awash and Asaita) and one city administration (Samara-logia) were used. Three hundred and eighty-four sample households were selected for this study. Data collected from administered structured questionnaires were analyzed using the binary logistic regression model. The results show that age, use, financial literacy, and mobile banking are positively and significantly related to financial inclusion. On the other hand, barrier and income negatively and significantly affect financial inclusion. The study results reveal that 31.25% of households were included and 68.75% of households are excluded from formal financial services. Further results show that barriers to financial inclusion such as problem of access to credit, absence of collateral, interest rate, lack of literacy, lack of internet access, lack of trust for financial institutions, lack of money, problem of access to bank branches and ATMs are main obstacles of financial inclusion in Afar region. This study recommends that government and financial institutions should encourage financial service providers, offer fiscal incentives or request financial institutions and serve poor or low-income people. Financial institutions should adopt technologies that ensure financial services are more accessible such as mobile banking. Moreover, households should enhance the saving habits that are helpful to increase amount of income and the literacy level of their children for the best use of financial services.
The Research of Latvian Language Competence of Secondary Education Institution Graduates for Career Development

The topicality of the research is related to the goal of education to help a pupil to become a proficient language user who has acquired not only the basic skills of the language, but also understanding of the role of the Latvian language as the state language in the integration of the society, formation of national identity and cultural-historical heritage preservation. The aim of the study is to analyse Latvian language competence of graduates of Latvian language of instruction, minority secondary education institutions and state gymnasiums of Kurzeme, Latgale and Riga for their readiness for further career development. The methodology of the research is the outcome of the career development and sociolinguistic and linguo-didactic theories, which are based on the cognitive constructivist approach. The results of the empirical research are obtained from 409 texts of judgments systematized in the balanced corpus of modern Latvian language texts within the framework of the National Research Programme “Latvian Language” (No VPP-IZM-2018/2-0002). Language competence of graduates from secondary education institutions is low. It is affected by the linguistic environment, attitude towards language as an economic and social value, its learning motivation and insufficiency in language didactics. The research outcomes outline several important aspects for the improvement of the Latvian language didactics.
Venue-based versus Geosocial Networking Application-based Recruitment of Young Men Who Have Sex with Men: An Examination of Feasibility

Because of the high cost, venue-based probability sampling of young men who have sex with men (YMSM) is largely inaccessible to social researchers. The aim of this study is to compare the feasibility of implementing geosocial networking application-based (GSNA) and venue-based prob`ability sampling of young men who have sex with men. A cross-sectional survey conducted in Los Angeles in 2017 and 2018 recruited 124 YMSM using both methods. We compared costs and hours of work for each method. Per participant, GSNA-based methods cost approximately 157 USD compared to 383 USD for the venue-based methods. For sample sizes up to 1,000, venue-based methods cost over two times more than GSNA-based methods. Findings indicate that research teams with limited resources may be able to implement probability-based recruitment by using GSNA. By lowering the cost of research and maintaining probability-based methodological rigor, GSNAs can increase the amount of social research with YMSM.
Lipoxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of isolated compounds from Moutan Cortex.

Phytochemical investigation on the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Moutan Cortex resulted in the isolation and characterization of a new monoterpene glycoside (3) and twenty known monoterpene glycosides (1, 2, 4-21). The structure of 3 was determined by spectroscopic data interpretation and physico-chemical properties. Compounds 1 and 8 presented a remarkable inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) with values of 45.2 and , respectively. Compounds 9, 10, 13, 18, 19, and 21 showed significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect with values of 9.8, 25.5, 6.4, 15.2, 18.7, and , respectively. Benzoylpaeoniflorin (8), which exhibited the highest inhibitory effect with an value of , was further analyzed the inhibition kinetics by Lineweaver-Burk plots. Results indicated that 8 is a non-competitive inhibitor, and the kinetic parameter values were estimated to be (, Ki), (, ), and (, ).
Partially reduced NiO by cellulose as a highly active catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction: synergy between in situ generated Ni3+ and lattice oxygen

Water splitting driven by renewable energy represents a sustainable way to store clean energy. However, its efficiency is limited by the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER), calling for highly active catalysts to accelerate the reaction rate. Herein, NiO is reduced by cellulose through a hydrothermal method to obtain the highly active OER catalysts. The obtained cellulose‐partially‐reduced‐NiO (CL‐prNiO) shows a hybrid structure, composed of 3.6 wt. % face‐centered cubic (fcc) Ni and 96.4 wt. % rock salt structured NiO with highly disordered interface. The CL‐prNiO delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with an overpotential of 288 mV, which is comparable to the commercial RuO2 and outperforms many of the recently reported Ni‐NiO based OER catalysts. As benefited from the hybrid and disordered structure, CL‐prNiO shows great ability of converting Ni2+ to Ni3+ at a potential prior to the OER onset. The in situ generated Ni3+ species can activate the lattice oxygen in the unreduced NiO of CL‐prNiO, significantly boosting the OER activity.
The choice of a marketing channel to benefit corn producer’s welfare in Indonesia

This study aims to examine the marketing channel optionsavailable for corn producers in South Sulawesi, the production center in Indonesia, as well as impact of such a choice on their income level. The target group was corn producers and corn traders. The total sample comprised 150 people, consisting of 120 corn producers and 30 corn intermediary traders within South Sulawesi Province. The results showed that three marketing channels accessed by producers are zero-level, one-level, and two-level channels. The net profit margin obtained by intermediary traders per kg is different by types for each marketing channel due to different marketing activities leading to different costs spent. The most efficient marketing channel is the zero-level channel that conducts direct selling to breeders. It followed by the one-level channel (from farmers to collectors and consumers). Finally, the two-level channel (from producers to merchant traders) showed the lowest efficiency. It should be mentioned that the zero-level channel offers a slight price increase for producers compared to other channels. Its consumers only buy limited number of products so that it does not have a wide impact on producer’s welfare. The study also found high input costs spent to cultivate corn due to land rent, fertilizers, and pesticides. AcknowledgmentThe welfare of corn producers and marketing channel choice is part of an internal research grant project from Hasanuddin University. The research involves the regional government at village and sub-district level, and farmer groups in villages within the Province of South Sulawesi.
Role of Retinol-binding Protein 4 as an Early Biomarker for Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Assess the relationship and diagnostic performance of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) as a biomarker ofdiabetic nephropathy (DN) at different levels of albuminuria (normo-, micro- and macro-albuminuria). Acase-control study, that involved 185 participants, 47 were healthy control, and 138 diabetic patients (46were normoalbuminuric patients [NA], 48 patients were microalbuminuria [MiA], and 44 patients weremacroalbuminuria [MaA]). All diabetic patients were treated with antidiabetic medication (metformin and/or oral sulfonylureas), all the participants were interviewed by the researcher, and full medical (history ofliver, kidney, lung, and other diseases), and sociodemographic data taken from them and recorded in thequestionnaire. In the present study, RBP-4 was 14.08±1.82 ng/ml in the control group, 15.98±3.74 ng/mlin the normoalbuminuria (NA) group, 30.38±6.02 ng/ml in the micro-albuminuria (MiA), and 41.01±5.78ng/ml for macro-albuminuria (MaA), there was a significant difference between all their groups comparedto control (p-value <0.001), and between each other (p-value <0.001) except that no significant differencefound between control and normoalbuminuria. In conclusion, RBP4 is an excellent predictor of bothmicroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria, there was an inverse relationship between RBP4 with GFR, whichindicate it is a good predictor for the progression of diabetic kidney impairment.
The ‘Stifling’ of New Climate Politics in Ireland

In 2019, Ireland declared a ‘Climate Emergency,’ receiving plaudits from across the political spectrum for doing so. Some argued the country was experiencing an era of ‘new climate politics’: In 2017, Ireland had established the first Citizens’ Assembly on Climate, and in 2019 its Parliament debated a Climate Emergency Measures Bill, which was ground-breaking in its proposal to ban offshore oil and gas exploration. Yet, despite majority support for this Bill in Parliament, the minority Government blocked the legislation by refusing to grant a ‘Money Message,’ a potential veto activated following indication by an independent actor that a Bill would require the appropriation of public money. We introduce the concept of ‘policy stifling’ to capture how the Money Message was used to block the Climate Emergency Measures Bill. We conduct detailed process-tracing analysis, building on elite semi-structured interviews with policy makers and campaigners involved in the process. We argue that whilst the Government’s stifling undermined the new era of elite climate politics, it simultaneously boosted an emerging grassroots climate politics movement with the potential for effecting more radical change in the longer term.
Coupled dynamics of iron, manganese, and phosphorus in brackish coastal sediments populated by cable bacteria

Coastal waters worldwide suffer from increased eutrophication and seasonal bottom water hypoxia. Here, we assess the dynamics of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and phosphorus (P) in sediments of the eutrophic, brackish Gulf of Finland populated by cable bacteria. At sites where bottom waters are oxic in spring, surface enrichments of Fe and Mn oxides and high abundances of cable bacteria were observed in sediments upon sampling in early summer. At one site, Fe and P were enriched in a thin layer (~ 3 mm) just below the sediment–water interface. X‐ray absorption near edge structure and micro X‐ray fluorescence analyses indicate that two‐thirds of the P in this layer was associated with poorly crystalline Fe oxides, with an additional contribution of Mn(II) phosphates. The Fe enriched layer was directly overlain by a Mn oxide‐rich surface layer (~ 2 mm). The Fe oxide layer was likely of diagenetic origin, formed through dissolution of Fe monosulfides and carbonates, potentially induced by cable bacteria in the preceding months when bottom waters were oxic. Most of the Mn oxides were likely deposited from the water column as part of a cycle of repeated deposition and remobilization. Further research is required to confirm whether cable bacteria activity in spring indeed promotes the formation of distinct layers enriched in Fe, Mn, and P minerals in Gulf of Finland sediments. The temporal variations in biogeochemical cycling in this seasonally hypoxic coastal system, potentially controlled by cable bacteria activity, have little impact on permanent sedimentary Fe, Mn, and P burial.
A numeral system for the middle-levels graphs

A sequence S of restricted-growth strings unifies the presentation of middle-levels graphs M k as follows, for 0 < k ∈ Z . Recall M k is the subgraph in the Hasse diagram of the Boolean lattice 2 [2 k +1] induced by the k - and ( k +1)-levels. The dihedral group D 4 k +2 acts on M k via translations mod (2 k + 1) and complemented reversals.The first (2 k )! /( k ! ( k +1)! ) terms of S stand for the orbits of V ( M k ) under such D 4 k +2 -action, via the lexical matching colors 0, 1, . , k on the k +1 edges at each vertex. So, S is proposed here as a convenient numeral system for the graphs M k . Color 0 allows to reorder S via an integer sequence that behaves as an idempotent permutation on its first (2 k )! /( k ! ( k +1)! ) terms, for each 0 < k ∈ Z . Related properties hold for the remaining colors 1, . , k .
Long‐term trends in intergenerational proximity: Evidence from a grandchild design

Abstract Competing claims exist about how the geographic distance between parents and their adult children has changed historically. A classic modernisation hypothesis is that people currently live further away from their parents than in the past. Others have argued for stability and the remaining importance of local family ties, in spite of a long‐term decline in co‐residence of adult children and parents. The current paper uses a novel design that relies on reports by grandchildren to study long‐term changes in intergenerational proximity in the Netherlands. The analyses show that there has been a clear and continuous decline in intergenerational proximity between the 1940s and the 1990s. Mediation analyses show that educational expansion and urbanisation are the main reasons why proximity declined. No evidence is found for the role of secularisation and increasing international migration. Proximity to parents declined somewhat more strongly for women than for men.
Photoperiodic Response in the Pars Intercerebralis Neurons, Including Plast-MIP Neurons, in the Brown-Winged Green Bug, Plautia stali

Many insects in temperate regions avoid environmental adversity for reproduction, and thus enter reproductive diapause according to photoperiod. This reproductive diapause is induced by inhibition of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the corpus allatum. Some neuropeptides that have an effect on juvenile hormone biosynthesis have been detected in insect brains. Thus, the reproductive diapause may be photoperiodically regulated by these juvenile hormones-controlling neuropeptides. However, there is limited understanding of how the neurons expressing these neuropeptides respond to the photoperiod and control the peptide release accordingly. Here, we performed electrophysiological analyses in the pars intercerebralis (PI) of Plautia stali, where juvenile hormone inhibitory neuropeptides, Plautia stali myoinhibitory peptides (Plast-MIPs) are expressed. We found that the large neurons in the PI showed very high firing activity under diapause-inducing short day conditions. Neurotracer staining revealed that all recorded neurons projected to the nervus corporis cardiaci 1, which is known to be connected to the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex. Finally, we determined how many of the large PI cells expressed Plast-MIP by single cell reverse transcription PCR. About half of large PI neurons coexpressed Plast-Mip and other neuropeptides, Diuretic hormone 44 and insulin-like peptide 1. The remaining cells only expressed Diuretic hormone 44 and insulin-like peptide 1. The present results suggested that large PI neurons, including Plast-MIP neurons, have enhanced activity under short day conditions, which may increase Plast-MIP release to the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex and thus contribute to reproductive diapause.
Stoichiometry and thickness dependence of superconducting properties of niobium nitride thin films

The current technology used in linear particle accelerators is based on superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities fabricated from bulk niobium(Nb), which have smaller surface resistance and therefore dissipate less energy than traditional nonsuperconducting copper cavities. Using bulk Nb for the cavities has several advantages, which are discussed elsewhere; however, such SRF cavities have a material-dependent accelerating gradient limit. In order to overcome this fundamental limit, a multilayered coating has been proposed using layers of insulating and superconducting material applied to the interior surface of the cavity. The key to this multilayered model is to use superconducting thin films to exploit the potential field enhancement when these films are thinner than their London penetration depth. Such field enhancement has been demonstrated in MgB2thin films; here, the authors consider films of another type-II superconductor, niobium nitride (NbN). The authors present their work correlating stoichiometry and superconducting properties in NbN thin films and discuss the thickness dependence of their superconducting properties, which is important for their potential use in the proposed multilayer structure. While there are some previous studies on the relationship between stoichiometry and critical temperature TC, the authors are the first to report on the correlation between stoichiometry and the lower critical field HC1.