Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASD/OCD-Linked Protocadherin-10 Regulates Synapse, But Not Axon, Development in the Amygdala and Contributes to Fear- and Anxiety-Related Behaviors

The Protocadherin-10 (PCDH10) gene is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and major depression (MD). The PCDH10 protein is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule that belongs to the δ2-protocadherin family. PCDH10 is highly expressed in the developing brain, especially in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). However, the role of PCDH10 in vivo has been debatable: one paper reported that a Pcdh10 mutant mouse line showed changes in axonal projections; however, another Pcdh10 mutant mouse line was reported to have failed to detect axonal phenotypes. Therefore, the actual roles of PCDH10 in the brain remain to be elucidated. We established a new Pcdh10 KO mouse line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, without inserting gene cassettes to avoid nonspecific effects, examined the roles of PCDH10 in the brain, and studied the behavioral consequences of Pcdh10 inactivation. Here, we show that Pcdh10 KO mice do not show defects in axonal development. Instead, we find that Pcdh10 KO mice exhibit impaired development of excitatory synapses in the dorsal BLA. We further demonstrate that male Pcdh10 KO mice exhibit reduced anxiety-related behaviors, impaired fear conditioning, decreased stress-coping responses, and mildly impaired social recognition and communication. These results indicate that PCDH10 plays a critical role in excitatory synapse development, but not axon development, in the dorsal BLA and that PCDH10 regulates anxiety-related, fear-related, and stress-related behaviors. Our results reveal the roles of PCDH10 in the brain and its relationship to relevant psychiatric disorders such as ASD, OCD, and MD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Protocadherin-10 (PCDH10) encodes a cell adhesion molecule and is implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and major depression (MD). PCDH10 is highly expressed in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). However, the phenotypes of previously published Pcdh10 mutant mice are debatable, and some are possibly because of the nonspecific effects of the LacZ/Neo cassette inserted in the mice. We have generated a new Pcdh10 mutant mouse line without the LacZ/Neo cassette. Using our new mouse line, we reveal the roles of PCDH10 for excitatory synapse development in the BLA. The mutant mice exhibit anxiety-related, fear-related, and stress-related behaviors, which are relevant to ASD, OCD, and MD, suggesting a possible treatment strategy for such psychiatric disorders.
Orai2 channel regulates prostaglandin E2 production in TNFα/IL1α‐stimulated astrocytes

Astrocytes are glial cells that serve homeostatic functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent research, however, suggests that under pathological conditions, astrocytes are stimulated by various factors and actively participate in CNS inflammation. In the present study, we found that astrocytes upregulate various inflammatory factors including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by co‐stimulation with tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) and interleukin‐1alpha (IL1α). These TNFα/IL1α‐stimulated astrocytes also showed increased Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and increased expression of Orai2, a member of the store‐operated calcium channel (SOCC) family. To reveal the role of Orai2, we used astrocytes in which Orai2 was knocked‐down (KD) or knocked‐out (KO). The expression of the prostaglandin E synthase Ptges and the production of PGE2 were higher in Orai2‐KD astrocytes than in WT astrocytes when stimulated with TNFα and IL1α. Orai2‐KO astrocytes also showed increased expression of Ptges and increased PGE2 production. The expression of Ptgs2, another PGE2 synthetic enzyme, was also upregulated in Orai2‐KO astrocytes. Moreover, Orai2‐KO astrocytes showed increased store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) and increased Orai1 expression. These results suggest that Orai2 is upregulated in TNFα/IL1α‐stimulated astrocytes and reduces PGE2 production to some extent, modulating CNS inflammation. Our findings may aid in understanding how astrocytes are associated with inflammatory responses, and the identification of new targets that modulate astrocytic reactivity.
Trends in dietary salt sources in Japanese adults: data from the 2007–2019 National Health and Nutrition Survey

Abstract Identifying trends in dietary salt sources is essential for effectively reducing salt/Na intake. This study aimed to examine the trends in dietary salt sources among Japanese adults using the 2007–2019 National Health and Nutrition Survey data collected from 95 581 adults aged ≥ 20 years. Dietary intake was estimated using the 1-d household-based dietary record. Foods reported as potential sources of salt intake in Japan and other countries were categorised into twenty-one groups. Salt intake for each food group was adjusted using the density method based on the energy intake. Trends in dietary salt intake based on food sources by sex and age groups (20–39 years, 40–59 years and ≥ 60 years) were analysed using the Joinpoint Regression Program. Salt intake for each age group in both men and women decreased from 2007 (5·3 g/1000 kcal–6·4 g/1000 kcal) to 2019 (4·9 g/1000 kcal–5·6 g/1000 kcal). The major dietary source of salt continued to be seasonings such as soya sauce and soyabean paste (approximately 70 %). Salt intake from seasonings decreased over time in adults aged ≥ 40 years but did not change in those aged 20–39 years. Additionally, a decreasing salt intake from unprocessed fish and shellfish and an increasing salt intake from unprocessed meat were observed across all age categories for both sexes. This study demonstrated that a strategy targeting different age groups may be needed to reduce salt consumption from seasonings among the Japanese population. Further studies on salt content in seasonings and continued monitoring of trends in dietary salt sources are required.
Manufacturing of self-standing multi-layered 3D-bioprinted alginate-hyaluronate constructs by controlling the cross-linking mechanisms for tissue engineering applications

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of self-supporting stable tissue and organ structure is critically important in extrusion-based bioprinting system, especially for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. However, the development of self-standing bioinks with desired crosslinking density, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical strength and other properties like self-healing, in situ gelation, drug or protein incorporation is still a challenge. In this study, we report a hydrogel bioink prepared from alginate (Alg) and hyaluronic acid (HA) crosslinked through multiple crosslinking mechanisms, i.e. acyl-hydrazone, hydrazide interactions and calcium ions. These Alg-HA gels were highly dynamic and shear-thinning with exceptional biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties. The increased dynamic nature of the gels is mainly chemically attributed to the presence of acyl-hydrazone bonds formed between the amine groups of the acyl-hydrazide of alginate and the monoaldehyde of the HA. Among the different combinations of Alg-HA gel compositions prepared, the A5H5 (Alginate-acyl-hydrazide:HA-monoaldehyde, ratio 50:50) gel showed a gelation time of ∼60 s, viscosity of ∼400 Pa s (at zero shear rate), high stability in various pH solutions and increased degradation time (>50 days) than the other samples. The A5H5 gels showed high printability with increased post-printing stability as observed from the 3D printed structures (e.g. hollow tube (∼100 layers), porous cube (∼50 layers), star, heart-in, meniscus and lattice). The scanning electron microscopy analysis of the 3D constructs and hydrogels showed the interconnected pores (∼181 µm) and crosslinked networks. Further, the gels showed sustained release of 5-amino salicylic acid and bovine serum albumin. Also, the mechanical properties were tuned by secondary crosslinking via different calcium concentrations. In vitro assays confirmed the cytocompatibility of these gels, where the 3D bioprinted lattice and tubular (∼70 layers) constructs demonstrated high cell viability under fluorescence analysis. In in vivo studies, Alg-HA gel showed high biocompatibility (>90%) and increased angiogenesis (threefolds) and reduced macrophage infiltration (twofold decrease), demonstrating the promising potential of these hydrogels in 3D bioprinting applications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine with tunable properties.
A new stoma for an older person—An association with quality of life and physical function: A systematic review

Older people are more likely to have a stoma postabdominal surgery than younger people. Few studies have examined the effect of a stoma on older people. The aim of this review was to explore the effect of a stoma on functional independence of an older person. We explored secondary outcomes of poststoma formation length of hospital stay, quality of life and factors affecting stroma independence.
“Is it my job?” An exploratory qualitative analysis of medical specialists’ adaptation strategies when addressing the health needs of people with intellectual disabilities

Access to equal healthcare is a priority for people with intellectual disabilities. Most studies have focused on primary care providers; however, the administration of inclusive healthcare also relies on medical specialists, who should be considered a specific group because their practice varies significantly in this regard. Semi-directive interviews were conducted with 12 medical specialists to explore their representations regarding the care of people with intellectual disabilities. An inductive thematic analysis was applied to the data. The results highlighted a significant heterogeneity between practitioners’ representations of people with intellectual disabilities in healthcare, current practices, and their perceptions and expectations in the process of ensuring quality care. This study highlights the importance of considering medical specialists’ awareness raising and training to handle consultations with people with intellectual disabilities. From a broader perspective, a clear political framework to guide healthcare practices at the national level should be developed.
Digital Technology and Media Use by Adolescents: Latent Class Analysis

Background Digital technology and media use is integral to adolescents’ lives and has been associated with both positive and negative health consequences. Previous studies have largely focused on understanding technology behaviors and outcomes within adolescent populations, which can promote assumptions about adolescent technology use as homogeneous. Furthermore, many studies on adolescent technology use have focused on risks and negative outcomes. To better understand adolescent digital technology use, we need new approaches that can assess distinct profiles within study populations and take a balanced approach to understanding the risks and benefits of digital technology use. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of adolescent technology use within a large study population focusing on four evidence-based constructs: technology ownership and use, parental involvement, health outcomes, and well-being indicators. Methods Adolescent-parent dyads were recruited for a cross-sectional web-based survey using the Qualtrics (Qualtrics International, Inc) platform and panels. Technology use measures included ownership of devices, social media use frequency, and the Adolescents’ Digital Technology Interactions and Importance scale. Parent involvement measures included household media rules, technology-related parenting practices, parent social media use frequency, and the parent-child relationship. Health outcome measures included physical activity, sleep, problematic internet use, and mental health assessments. Well-being indicators included mental wellness, communication, and empathy. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify distinct profile groups across the aforementioned 4 critical constructs. Results Among the 3981 adolescent-parent dyads recruited, adolescent participants had a mean age of 15.0 (SD 1.43) years; a total of 46.3% (1842/3981) were female, 67.8% (2701/3981) were White, and 75% (2986/3981) lived in a household with an income above the poverty line. The LCA identified 2 discrete classes. Class 1 was made up of 62.8% (2501/3981) of the participants. Class 1 participants were more likely than Class 2 participants to report family-owned devices, have lower technology importance scores, have household technology rules often centered on content, have positive parent relationships and lower parent social media use, and report better health outcomes and well-being indicators. Conclusions Findings from this national cross-sectional survey using LCA led to 2 distinct profile groups of adolescent media use and their association with technology use and parent involvement as well as health and well-being outcomes. The two classes included a larger Class 1 (Family-Engaged Adolescents) and a smaller Class 2 (At-Risk Adolescents). The findings of this study can inform interventions to reinforce positive technology use and family support.
Exploring Temporal Community Structure via Network Embedding

Temporal community detection is helpful to discover and analyze significant groups or clusters hidden in dynamic networks in the real world. A variety of methods, such as modularity optimization, spectral method, and statistical network model, has been developed from diversified perspectives. Recently, network embedding-based technologies have made significant progress, and one can exploit deep learning superiority to network tasks. Although some methods for static networks have shown promising results in boosting community detection by integrating community embedding, they are not suitable for temporal networks and unable to capture their dynamics. Furthermore, the dynamic embedding methods only model network varying without considering community structures. Hence, in this article, we propose a novel unsupervised dynamic community detection model, which is based on network embedding and can effectively discover temporal communities and model dynamic networks. More specifically, we propose the community prior by introducing the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) in the variational autoencoder, which can obtain community information and better model the evolutionary characteristics of community structure and node embedding by utilizing the variant of gated recurrent unit (GRU). Extensive experiments conducted in real-world and artificial networks demonstrate that our proposed model has a better effect on improving the accuracy of dynamic community detection.
Evaluating results of the implementation research MOOC using Kirkpatrick’s four-level model: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study

Introduction An implementation research (IR) massive open online course (MOOC) was developed by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, to address the scarcity of training in low-income and middle-income countries in the field of IR. The Kirkpatrick model was used to evaluate the IR MOOC as it is widely applied for evaluation of training and educational programmes. The Kirkpatrick model evaluates training programmes on four levels: reaction, learning, behaviour and results. This paper addresses the impact of the IR MOOC on participants’ professional practice. Methods Findings are based on analysis of survey and interview data collected 1.5–2 years after the conclusion of the two 2018 IR MOOC offerings. Of the 3858 MOC participants, 748 responded to the anonymous online survey and seven of these respondents were interviewed. All data are self-reported. Results The IR MOOC was successful in enhancing the professional practice of participants and for their organisations. Over 40% reported modifying or implementing changes in their professional work. Respondents reported that participation in the MOOC had improved their ability to conduct IR, enhanced their professional profiles and increased their opportunities for collaboration, research and job promotion. Respondents stated that the MOOC had improved their work quality and productivity, and allowed them to contribute to research, initiate and develop professional collaborations and train others in IR. Respondents reported an increase in applying for grants and scholarships and presenting and publishing work on IR after participating in the MOOC. Barriers applying the knowledge gained from the IR MOOC were experienced, for example, due to a lack of funding and lack of support from colleagues, managers and organisations. Conclusion Participants perceived that the IR MOOC was successful in its aims of delivering medium-term and long-term results in relation to their own and their organisations’ professional outcomes.
DNA Detection Using SiC Nanowire Based Transistor

The fast and direct detection of small quantities of biomolecules improves early medical diagnosis of certain serious diseases as cancers and can be used to detect in situ the presence of pathogenic viruses or GMOs for food industry, protection environmental and bio-defense. Numerous research projects are conducted on nanoelectronic devices that can perform such detection with high sensitivity using nanostructures. Currently, these devices are made from Silicon nanowires [1]. For these applications, Silicon Carbide (SiC) material can advantageously replace Silicon as this semiconductor is now known to be biocompatible and to show a high chemical inertness [2]. Here, we present the electrical detection of DNA using a SiC Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (NWFET). The NWFETs are fabricated and then functionalized with DNA molecules. Between each step of the functionalization process, I-V characteristic measurements are performed. Comparative and simultaneous measurements are carried out on two SiC NWFETs: one is the sensor and the second one is used as a reference. Some interesting properties of the sensor are studied for the first time which opens the way to future developments of SiC nanowire based sensors.
Longer length of stay, days between discharge/first readmission, and pulmonary involvement ≥50% increase prevalence of admissions in ICU in unplanned readmissions after COVID‐19 hospitalizations

Hospital readmissions due to COVID‐19 are one of the main concerns for the health system due to risks to the patient's life and increased use of health resources. Studies focusing on this issue are important to understand the risk factors and create strategies to avoid readmissions. We evaluated the readmission of patients with confirmed COVID‐19 in a private hospital in southern Brazil, between March 2020 and 2021. Also, the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and nonadmitted were compared. Poisson regression models with prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were applied to confirm the association between variables and ICU admission. Of the 2084 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, 1806 were discharged alive. Among them, 106 were readmitted for unplanned reasons during one year. Early hospital readmission (≤30 days) occurred in 52.8% of the cases. The main reasons were respiratory, gastroenterological, kidney, and cardiac disease. The median age was 73.0 years old and women correspond to 52.8%. The presence of at least one comorbidity was detected in 87.7% of patients. Hypertension, diabetes, cardiac, and lung disease were more frequent. The ICU admitted patients (n = 43; 40.5%) mostly had 4–5 comorbidities, pulmonary involvement ≥50%, length of stay (LOS), and days between discharge and first readmission. Longer LOS (PR: 3.46; 95% CI: 1.24–5.67), days between discharge/first readmission (PR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.15–5.88), and pulmonary involvement (≥50%; PR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.11–3.54) were independently associated with ICU admission. Longer LOS, longer days between discharge/first readmission, and pulmonary involvement (≥50%) were associated with ICU admission in readmitted patients. Readmissions evaluation is pivotal and may help in ensuring safe care transition and postdischarge follow‐up.
Examining the role of brooding, distress, and negative urgency in dysregulated behaviors: A cross‐sectional study in treatment‐seeking young people

Abstract Objective Dysregulated behaviors including substance use, disordered eating, and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) have significant negative implications for individuals and health systems. It is therefore paramount to understand factors influencing behavioral dysregulation, to inform prevention and treatment approaches. The literature suggests that distress and rumination (brooding) prompt individuals to engage in behavioral dysregulation for distraction (Emotional Cascade Model), although these concepts have limited investigation in clinical, treatment‐seeking samples, particularly alongside negative urgency. This cross‐sectional study sought to examine the relationships of brooding, distress, and negative urgency with behavioral dysregulation, as well as the moderating effect of negative urgency between brooding and behavioral dysregulation, in treatment‐seeking young people. Method A total of 385 treatment‐seeking young people completed cross‐sectional, self‐report measures of distress, rumination, negative urgency, and engagement in dysregulated behaviors (NSSI, alcohol use, drug use, binge eating, and purging) over the past 1−3 months. Results Structural equation modeling revealed that only negative urgency, and not brooding or distress, had a significant positive relationship with behavioral dysregulation. Negative urgency did not significantly moderate the relationship between brooding and behavioral dysregulation. Conclusions These findings reinforce the importance of considering negative urgency in the conceptualization, prevention, and treatment of behavioral dysregulation, and contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between brooding and various dysregulated behaviors within a treatment‐seeking sample.
Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence and the Harsh Parenting of Children

While research shows that adult intimate partner violence (IPV) and harsh parenting of children co-occur, less information is available about whether specific types or patterns of IPV create greater risk for harsh parenting, and whether these patterns vary by gender. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to examine unique patterns of IPV perpetration and victimization among men and women, and variation across patterns by gender, parenting status, and harsh parenting of children. Data are from the Lehigh Longitudinal study (n = 332). LCA produced four classes of IPV perpetration and victimization (Minor Psychological; None; Moderate; and Severe), which were invariant by gender. Although any level of IPV was associated with an increase in harsh parenting, patterns of IPV characterized by a greater number of and more severe types, were particularly associated with the use of harsh parenting toward their children for both mothers and fathers. Parents were overrepresented in all IPV classes compared to the No-IPV class. Results suggest the need for more broad screening and increased supports for parents that are tailored to different levels of need.