Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fodder Yield and Quality of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Genotypes as Influenced by Salinity of Irrigation Water in North Western India

The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of irrigation water salinity and verieties on forage yield and quality of pearl millet in north western India. The experiment was conducted with four main-plot treatments consisting of levels of saline irrigation water i.e. normal (~0.6 dS/m) and 3, 6 and 9 dS/m irrigation water and two sub-plot treatments of pearl millet varieties i.e. AVKB-19 and ICMV-15111. The minimum DM content (15.71 and 16.68%), maximum CP content (9.26 and 7.48%) and (EE) (2.36 and 1.81%) was recorded at 1st cut and 2nd cut, respectively under good quality water. Among the genotypes, at 1st and 2nd cut, the maximum DM content (17.57 and 20.19%) was recorded in cv. ICMV-15111 compared to AVKB-19 (16.47 and 17.36%). In contrast, AVKB-19 recorded higher CP and EE level than ICMV-15111. Application of good quality water increased the DM yield by 23.34 and 13.69% and CP yield by 46.0 and 22.0% over irrigation water of EC 9.0 dS/m at 1st and 2nd cut, respectively. The cv. AVKB-19 gave higher DM (5.67 and 5.09 t/ha) and CP yield (1.42 and 1.25 q/ha) at the 1st and 2nd cut, respectively over ICMV-15111. The cv. AVKB-19 also recorded higher EE yield than ICMV-15111 at 1st cut while the reverse trend was observed at 2nd cut where ICMV-15111 which showed higher (P=0.05) EE yield over AVKB-19. The maximum NDF (66.35 and 70.64%) and ADF (36.50 and 39.89%) content was recorded with EC 9.0 dS/m at 1st and 2nd cut, respectively. The highest carbohydrate content was recorded with 9.0 dS/m EC water irrigation for 1st and 2nd cuts. Therefore, ABKV-19 genotype of pearl millet proved to be superior and might be adapted for getting higher fodder yield with better quality as compare to the ICMV 15111 under saline environment in north-western region of India.
Gene Targeting Differential Evolution A Simple and Efficient Method for Large-Scale Optimization

—Large-scale optimization problems (LSOPs) are challenging because the algorithm is difﬁcult in balancing too many dimensions and in escaping from trapped bottleneck dimensions. To improve solutions, this article introduces targeted modiﬁcation to the certain values in the bottleneck dimensions. Analogous to gene targeting (GT) in biotechnology, we experiment on targeting the speciﬁc genes in the candidate solution to improve its trait in differential evolution (DE). We propose a simple and efﬁcient method, called GT-based DE (GTDE), to solve LSOPs. In the algorithm design, a simple GT-based modiﬁ-cation is developed to perform on the best individual, comprising probabilistically targeting the location of bottleneck dimensions, constructing a homologous targeting vector, and inserting the targeting vector into the best individual. In this way, all the bottleneck dimensions of the best individual can be probabilistically targeted and modiﬁed to break the bottleneck and to provide global guidance for more optimal evolution. Note that the GT is only performed on the globally best individual and is just carried out as a simple operator that is added to the standard DE. Experimental studies compare the GTDE with some other state-of-the-art large-scale optimization algorithms, including the winners of CEC2010, CEC2012, CEC2013, and CEC2018 competitions on large-scale optimization. The results show that the GTDE is efﬁcient and performs better than or at least comparable to the others in solving LSOPs.
forage type

Summary The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect on chemical, nutrilional, aromatic and 5.ensory charaCleristics of milk and caòot(a cheese made with milk from animals fed with lWO single silage (TriticaLe and Com silage) and two single hay (001 and Alfalfa). The forage type affected the chemical and organoleptic properties of milk and cheese. Some farty acids of milk and cheese seem to discriminate origin of products too.
Interrelationships between credit risk management and financial performance of Microfinance Institutions in Uganda

: Financial performance in financial institutions continue to attract attention of scholars and policy-makers due to the long reputable role they play towards economic growth and poverty alleviation. A study was conducted to examine the interrelationships between credit risk management and the financial performance of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Uganda. Specifically, the study assessed how credit risk assessment, estimation and risk appraisal influences the financial performance of Microfinance Institutions in Uganda. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and primary data was collected from 32 microfinance institutions in Uganda in December 2022. The study obtained responses from 224 staff of MFIs using a questionnaire tool. Data was analyzed using SPSS software in which descriptive statistics, correlations and multiple linear regression results computed. The study findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between credit risk management and financial performance. In particular, there was a strong positive relationship between credit risk assessment and financial performance (r=0.669, p<.01). Credit risk estimation had a strong positive correlation with financial performance (r=0.660, p<.01). There was also a strong positive correlation between risk appraisal and financial performance (r=0.775, p<.01). The regression analysis showed that credit risk management is a significant predictor of financial performance among MFIs in Uganda (β=0.562, t=10.138, p<.05). Credit assessment had a moderate positive relationship with the financial performance of MFIs in Uganda (β=0.302). Credit risk estimation had a weak positive relationship with the financial performance of MFIs in Uganda (β =0.155). Lastly, loan portfolio performance had a moderate positive relationship with the financial performance of MFIs in Uganda (β= 0.273). In conclusion, it is clear from the study findings that the financial performance of MFIs highly depends on its credit risk management practices such as risk estimation, credit assessment, and credit risk control among others. There is therefore a need for microfinance institutions to embark on credit risk management in order to reduce on the risk of default and non-performing loans. This will involve loan assessments, controls, loan approvals, credit rating and borrower evaluation. Lastly, a pre-disbursement training is recommended for all successful loan applicants.
Journal of Plant Production

Raising plant tolerance to environmental stress, particularly salinity is necessary. So, a pot trial was conducted to assess the impact of different compost types; normal compost (NC) and enhanced compost (EC) at a rate of 10.0 Mg ha -1 , with a control treatment (without soil addition) on the performance and storability of crisphead lettuce plants grown on salt-affected soil. Additionally, the exogenous application of selenium at the rate of 500 ppm (as sodium selenite, Na 2 SeO 3 ) and silicon at the rate of 600 ppm (as potassium silicate, K 2 SiO 3 ), was assessed. Results indicated that compared with control, the highest values for growth, yield parameters total chlorophylls, vitamin C, and edible head weight were observed in plants treated with EC, followed by those treated with NC. Conversely, plants grown without compost exhibited maximum values for total phenols, reactive oxygen species, SOD, PPO, and APX. Concerning foliar application of microelements, selenium treatment proved superior than that of silicon. Furthermore, the studied treatments prolonged crisp-head lettuce storability parameters compared to plants without compost and beneficial elements (control). Specifically, the weight loss percentage of crisp head lettuce was significantly reduced during the storage period. The combined treatment of EC and selenium fertilization demonstrated the most promising effect regarding storability. So, this combined treatment could be recommended for improving crisphead lettuce performance and quality over an extended storage period.
CAREGIVER BURDEN AMONG CAREGIVERS OF DEMENTIA PATIENTS IN SOUTHERN INDIA

Background: Dementia is a disease which is more common among older people and contributes to a significant proportion of Years Lived with Disability. Care giving is associated with significant adverse impact on care giver physical and mental health. This care giver burden which was exceeding the capacity of care giver, put them more vulnerable to development of depression. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Neuroscience, Government Stanley medical college. In the present study 40 caregivers of cancer patients were included in the study. Assessment of Caregivers' burden was assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Result: Age of the caregiver was analyzed and found that a majority were in 41-60 years age group. Among Dementia caregivers it was 45.0%. Among them, majority of the caregivers were female, married, belongs to nuclear family and urban population. According to Zarit Burden Interview scale, most of the caregivers were suffering from Caregiver burden. Among them, 70% had little burden, 12.5 % had mild Burden, 5% had moderate burden and 12.5% had severe burden. Conclusion: In caregivers, Caregiver Burden was higher among middle age caregivers, female, illiterate, low socio-economic status, nuclear family and urban population. These caregivers with Caregiver Burden were more prone for psychiatric comorbidities. The Psychiatric comorbidities has negative effects on quality of life of caregivers and also patients. To sustain this ever growing pool of caregivers, counselling centre to be suggested to set up in all Dementia care centres and appropriate interventions support group to be established so as to help the caregiver cope and deal with miserable multifaceted burden
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNT COMPLICATIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS

Background: Hydrocephalus is a commonly encountered problem in neurosurgery practice. It is often treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which in itself has its attendant complications. It can have complications of shunt failure, requires revisions and long term observation. The aim of the study is to study the incidence, predisposing factors and causes of complications in ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in the Department of Neurosurgery, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, over a period of two years four months. The study population comprised of patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts were placed in 300 cases, of which 96 patients had complications. These 96 patients were studied in detail for demographics, clinical features, predisposing factors and mortality. Result: Of the 300 patients, complications were seen in 96 patients, wherein, 36 patients were managed conservatively and in 60 patients, shunt revision was done. The patient age ranged from birth to 60 years. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1 Common complications were infection seen in 45 (15%) cases, mechanical malfunction in 30 (10%) cases, shunt migration in 15 (5%) cases, abdominal complications in 6 (2%) cases and shunt extrusion in 3 (1%) cases. Predisposing factors for complications were preterm births, congenital hydrocephalus and multiple revisions. Conclusion: Hydrocephalus can occur over a wide age range and the most common causes are congenital hydrocephalus, intracranial tumors and post meningitic. Complications can occur in nearly a third of patients who undergo ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Most common complications of VP shunts are infection and mechanical malfunction. Some of the common risk factors for malfunction of VP shunt are age <6 months, premature birth, congenital hydrocephalus, improper placement of shunt in the ventricle, previous shunt infection and multiple revisions.
Investment Under Uncertainty: Testing the Options Model with Professional Traders

An important class of investment decisions is characterized by unrecoverable sunk costs, resolution of uncertainty through time, and the ability to invest in the future as an alternative to investing today. The options model provides guidance in such settings, including an investment decision rule called the "bad news principle": the downside investment state influences the investment decision whereas the upside investment state is ignored. This study takes a new approach to examining predictions of the options model by using the tools of experimental economics. Our evidence, which is drawn from student and professional trader subject pools, is broadly consonant with the options model.
Assessment of Medical Students’ Knowledge of Ocular First Aid During Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study From King Abdulaziz University

Background Ocular trauma is defined as an eye injury of diverse types and subtypes, all of which can threaten vision. Hence, a precise first-aid approach is crucial to salvage the eyes and prevent blindness. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the level of knowledge among medical students at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) and identify factors that affect knowledge regarding ocular first aid in cases of trauma. Methodology A cross-sectional approach was used, targeting KAU medical students. First, students were asked to voluntarily respond to a previously used questionnaire that contained demographic data, including gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, academic year, and city of residence, followed by a history of ocular trauma. Then, questions were asked to assess their knowledge regarding different types of ocular trauma and proper first aid. Results A total of 310 participants responded to the questionnaire. Participants included both sexes, with 169 (50.8%) being males. Only 89 (26.7%) participants had a history of managing ocular injury. Knowledge levels were divided into good 76 (27%) and poor 201 (73%). Third-year students had the highest percentage of poor knowledge, whereas sixth-year students had the highest level of knowledge. The source of knowledge was mainly from studies. Conclusions The ocular first-aid knowledge level was predominantly poor, accounting for 201 (73%) of all responses. Thus, steps to enhance knowledge should be taken.
STUDY OF INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Background: The present study was undertaken to assess the incidence and management of catheter associated urinary tract infection. Material & Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted after clearance from Board of Studies and Ethical committee in the Department of general Surgery, Subharti University, Meerut (U.P.) during the period 2020-2022.Demographic and clinical data including age, gender, underlying systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus and hypertension, steroid therapy, recent surgery and the indication for catheterization was collected and recorded. The data was entered into the Microsoft excel and the statistical analysis was performed by statistical software SPSS version 21.0. The Quantitative (Numerical variables) were present in the form of mean and SD and the Qualitative (Categorical variables) were present in the form of frequency and percentage. Results: Majority of the study population belonged to 51-60 years (33.0%) followed by 61-70 years (28.0%), 41-50 years (19.0%), above 70 years (7.0%), 31-40 years (7.0%) and 21-30 years [6%]. The study population consisted of 40.0% males and 60.0% females. Diabetes (17.0%) and Hypertension (20.0%) were the commonly reported co-morbidities. CAUTI developed in 53% of our patients. Majority of the study population had growth of E. coli (35.0%) followed by Klebseilla (11.0%), Enterococcus (5.0%) and Psuedomonas (2.0%). No growth of organisms was detected in 47% of our patients. Conclusion: Interventions such as incontinence care planning and hydration programs can reduce Urinary tract infections in this population and is important for overall well-being.
Implementation of Marine Protected Areas as a governability challenge in Southern Brazil

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been endorsed internationally as a tool promoting marine conservation. MPAs implementation can however be challenging, with many not achieving conservation objectives while creating conflicts with small-scale fishers, often overlooked. This study aims at exploring how MPA implementation can be improved, taking as a case study the Marine National Park of Currais Islands in Southern Brazil. Specifically, this thesis offers a theoretical contribution by applying the interactive governance framework to analyze both the natural and the social systems, focusing on small-scale fishers, governed by the MPA as an institution. The thesis also presents a methodological contribution, as it develops and applies an exploratory mapping approach. We surveyed 65 small-scale fishers from eight communities at Pontal do Parana municipality, and conducted an exploratory mapping approach in small groups. Main findings point to challenges and opportunities to MPA implementation, and offer a way to involve small-scale fishers in the discussion about MPAs.
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)

Received Sep 13, 2022 Revised May 17, 2023 Accepted Jun 8, 2023 Carica papaya, a type of tree from the Caricaceae family, is renowned for its medicinal benefits due to its diverse chemical composition. The leaves of Carica papaya, in particular, are commonly used in traditional medicine for their purported anti-dengue, anti-malarial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, despite their widespread use, there is limited research available on the antioxidant characteristics of Carica papaya leaves. This study aimed to examine the potential protective effects of Carica papaya leaves methanolic (CPLM) extract against oxidative stress in Artemia salina (brine shrimp). To evaluate the antioxidant potential of CPLM extract, two commonly used antioxidant activity assays, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, were performed. Additionally, an oxidative stress protection assay was carried out by exposing ten Artemia salina nauplii to CPLM extract for one hour before exposing them to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results of this study showed that the CPLM extract has antioxidant properties. Additionally, the oxidative stress protection assay revealed that the CPLM extract increased the survival rate of Artemia salina nauplii exposed to H2O2. The study suggests that the CPLM extract obtained from Carica papaya leaves possesses antioxidant properties. It can provide protection against oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide in Artemia salina.
A STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial infection affecting women of reproductive age group. It is one of the most common vaginal infections worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with it. The aim is to study the prevalence of Bacterial vaginosis among reproductive age group in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over a five months period from August 2022 to December 2022 and a total of 150 sexually active women who presented with complaints of vaginal discharge attending Gynecology OPD and STD clinic in Stanley medical college were included. Three high vaginal swabs were collected from each subject during speculum examination. Clinical findings were recorded and diagnosis of BV made with Amsel’s criteria, Nugent’s scoring system and bacterial culture techniques. Result: Out of 150 female patients, 63(43%)were diagnosed to have BV by Amsel’s criteria, 53(35%) by Nugent’s scoring system and 31(21%) by bacterial culture techniques. The important risk factors identified were age group between 30-39 years, high risk sexual behaviour, poor socioeconomic status and daily douching practices. Relatively low risk was observed in women using barrier contraceptives. Conclusion: If undiagnosed and untreated, bacterial vaginosis may lead to major obstetric and gynecological complications. Regular screening with simple diagnostic methods like Amsel’s criteria and Nugent’s scoring system helps in the early diagnosis to prevent complications.
Improving Web Page Revisitation: Analysis, Design and Evaluation Figure 1: Growth in the Total Number of Pages Visited (a) and Distinct Pages Visited (b) over Time (mm/yy) for Each Use

Several years of research suggest improvement is needed in how people return to their previously visited Web pages. Web page revisitation is one of the most frequent actions in computer use, so any interface improvements in this area can have a very large effect. Five categories of revisitation research are involved: 1) Characterizations of user behavior; 2) System models of navigation and their impact on the user’s understanding; 3) Interface methods for increasing the efficiency of the Back button; 4) Alternative system models for navigation; and 5) Alternative methods for presenting Web navigation histories. Revisitation is a dominant activity, with an average of 80% of page visits being to previously seen pages. The Back button is heavily used, but poorly understood. Three interface strategies for improving Web page revisitation are described: 1) A gesture-based mechanism for issuing the frequent Back and Forward commands addresses low-level interface issues; it is shown to be both popular and effective; 2) A ‘temporal’ behavior for the Back and Forward buttons aims to overcome the problems associated with poor understanding of the current behavior of Back, strongly suggesting that revisitation can be improved by providing temporally ordered lists of previously visited pages; 3) Nextgeneration browsers could integrate the current tools for revisitation into a single utility, thus allowing simple visualization methods to aid users in identifying miniature target
eCommons@AKU eCommons@AKU

There appears to be an epidemiological transition in the etiology of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in parallel with a steady increase in risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). SSA has limited access to heart failure and CAD diagnostics, limiting the number of patients who receive optimal care. Our objectives were to study the predictors of coronary artery disease among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and develop a model to assist clinicians in determining the likelihood of CAD before cardiac catheterization. Methodology: This was a retrospective study at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, which is equipped with diagnostic capabilities for heart failure and coronary artery assessment. We evaluated patients with HFrEF based on echocardiographic data over a 12-year period. Patients with coronary anatomical evaluation data were included. A multivariable model of CAD was generated using stepwise logistic regression. Results: Of the 1329 patients screened, 514 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 61.0 ± 12.8 years. There were 381 male cases (75.2%), and the predominant race was African, numbering 386 (75.2%). Most patients, 97%, were evaluated through conventional coronary angiography. Further, 310 (60.3%) cases had significant CAD. The prevalence of CAD in HFrEF was 52.3% in