Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Complex Airy Operator on the Line with a Semipermeable Barrier

We consider a suitable extension of the complex Airy operator, $-d^2/dx^2 + ix$, on the real line with a transmission boundary condition at the origin. We provide a rigorous definition of this operator and study its spectral properties. In particular, we show that the spectrum is discrete, the space generated by the generalized eigenfunctions is dense in $L^2$ (completeness), and we analyze the decay of the associated semigroup. We also present explicit formulas for the integral kernel of the resolvent in terms of Airy functions, investigate its poles, and derive the resolvent estimates.
Classification of a selected sample of weak T Tauri stars

We studied a sample of 27 T Tauri stars (TTs) showing a weak Ha line, selected from the Pico dos Dias Survey, a search for young stellar objects. A model to fit the spectral energy distribution is used in order to reproduce their observed infrared excess and to evaluate the individual contribution of the circumstellar components (dust disc and/or envelope) to the total emitted flux. The objects were separated into different categories of young stars, searching for an agreement with an evolutionary sequence. The classification is based on the stellar characteristics as spectral type; equivalent width of the Li 670.8-nm line; optical and X-ray properties; and infrared excess. We conclude that only 41 per cent of our sample actually correspond to weak TTs, and the remaining objects are mainly classical TTs or young main-sequence stars. Most of the stars have a near-infrared index typical of Class II objects and show an important fraction of the observed emission (∼30 per cent) being generated by the circumstellar material.
A Double-Blind, Split-Face, Randomized Study on the Effects and Safety of Intradermal Injection of Botulinum Toxin A (Incobotulinum Toxin A) in the Cheek

Background Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) is used for cosmetic purposes without strong evidence for clinical use, as opposed to intramuscular injection. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of incobotulinum toxin A (iBTXA) in the cheeks. Methods We conducted a study with 18 volunteers who received intradermal injection of iBTXA into one cheek and normal saline into the contralateral side as a control. Volunteers visited the clinic at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 after injection. At each visit, pores and wrinkles were evaluated by a facial analyzer, sebum secretion by a sebumeter, skin texture by both volunteers and clinicians, and wrinkles of the nasolabial fold were graded with photographic reviews. Results There were no significant effects on the wrinkles of the infraorbital area and sebum secretion. However, there were significant improvements in the wrinkles of the nasolabial fold and skin texture on the iBTXA injected side. The effects on the wrinkles of the nasolabial fold lasted 12 weeks, and those on skin texture lasted 8 weeks. Improvement in the pore size was observed only at week 2. No serious adverse events were reported except one volunteer who complained of facial palsy after the injection of 30 units of iBTXA in one cheek. However, injection of 20 units of iBTXA in one cheek was not associated with any adverse events. Conclusion Intradermal injection of iBTXA, could provide clinical benefits for skin texture and wrinkles overcoming the skin prick effect without obvious side effects.
Depth‐Varying Friction on a Ramp‐Flat Fault Illuminated by ∼3‐Year InSAR Observations Following the 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol‐e Zahab Earthquake

We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations to investigate the fault geometry and afterslip evolution within 3 years after a mainshock. The postseismic observations favor a ramp‐flat structure in which the flat angle should be lower than 10°. The postseismic deformation is dominated by afterslip, while the viscoelastic response is negligible. A multisegment, stress‐driven afterslip model (hereafter called the SA‐2 model) with depth‐varying frictional properties better explains the spatiotemporal evolution of the postseismic deformation than a two‐segment, stress‐driven afterslip model (hereafter called the SA‐1 model). Although the SA‐2 model does not improve the misfit significantly, this multisegment fault with depth‐varying friction is more physically plausible given the depth‐varying mechanical stratigraphy in the region. Compared to the kinematic afterslip model, the mechanical afterslip models with friction variation tend to underestimate early postseismic deformation to the west, which may indicate more complex fault friction than we expected. Both the kinematic and stress‐driven models can resolve downdip afterslip, although it could be affected by data noise and model resolution. The transition depth of the sedimentary cover basement interface inferred by afterslip models is ∼12 km in the seismogenic zone, which coincides with the regional stratigraphic profile. Because the coseismic rupture propagated along a basement‐involved fault while the postseismic slip may activate the frontal structures and/or shallower detachments in the sedimentary cover, the 2017 Sarpol‐e Zahab earthquake may have acted as a typical event that contributed to both thick‐ and thin‐skinned shortening of the Zagros in both seismic and aseismic ways.
Feral cats on Rakiura Stewart Island: population attributes and potential eradication tools

: As a major threat to New Zealand’s biodiversity, feral cats ( Felis catus ) are the subject of planned eradications on a number of offshore islands, including Rakiura Stewart Island. We used camera traps to estimate population density of feral cats on the north-east coast of Rakiura, and to investigate their movement behaviour and detection probability. We also used camera footage to compare the consumption of two types of non-toxic sausage baits (chicken and rabbit) with a view to future use of toxic baits. Population density of feral cats was likely between 1 and 2 cats per km 2 . Non-target species (rats and possums) removed more than half the baits, greatly reducing bait availability for feral cats. Deer and birds (including kiwi) encountered baits but did not eat them. Cats had an apparent preference for chicken over rabbit baits, although small sample sizes prevent firm conclusions. Both bait types appeared to decline rapidly in palatability, and no baits were consumed by cats more than 5 days after deployment. Future trials and baiting regimes should consider ways to improve bait availability. Increased bait density, exclusion of rats and possums and/or more frequent replacement of baits will likely increase encounter rates by feral cats.
BPS/CFT correspondence II: Instantons at crossroads, Moduli and Compactness Theorem

Gieseker-Nakajima moduli spaces $M_{k}(n)$ parametrize the charge $k$ noncommutative $U(n)$ instantons on ${\bf R}^{4}$ and framed rank $n$ torsion free sheaves $\mathcal{E}$ on ${\bf C\bf P}^{2}$ with ${\rm ch}_{2}({\mathcal{E}}) = k$. They also serve as local models of the moduli spaces of instantons on general four-manifolds. We study the generalization of gauge theory in which the four dimensional spacetime is a stratified space $X$ immersed into a Calabi-Yau fourfold $Z$. The local model ${\bf M}_{k}({\vec n})$ of the corresponding instanton moduli space is the moduli space of charge $k$ (noncommutative) instantons on origami spacetimes. There, $X$ is modelled on a union of (up to six) coordinate complex planes ${\bf C}^{2}$ intersecting in $Z$ modelled on ${\bf C}^{4}$. The instantons are shared by the collection of four dimensional gauge theories sewn along two dimensional defect surfaces and defect points. We also define several quiver versions ${\bf M}_{\bf k}^{\gamma}({\vec{\bf n}})$ of ${\bf M}_{k}({\vec n})$, motivated by the considerations of sewn gauge theories on orbifolds ${\bf C}^{4}/{\Gamma}$. The geometry of the spaces ${\bf M}_{\bf k}^{\gamma}({\vec{\bf n}})$, more specifically the compactness of the set of torus-fixed points, for various tori, underlies the non-perturbative Dyson-Schwinger identities recently found to be satisfied by the correlation functions of $qq$-characters viewed as local gauge invariant operators in the ${\mathcal{N}}=2$ quiver gauge theories. The cohomological and K-theoretic operations defined using ${\bf M}_{k}({\vec n})$ and their quiver versions as correspondences provide the geometric counterpart of the $qq$-characters, line and surface defects.
On ‘ -Distance-Balanced Product Graphs

A graph G is ‘ -distance-balanced if for each pair of vertices x and y at a distance ‘ in G , the number of vertices closer to x than to y is equal to the number of vertices closer to y than to x . A complete characterization of ‘ -distance-balanced corona products is given and characterization of lexicographic products for ‘ (cid:2) 3, thus complementing known results for ‘ 2 f 1 ; 2 g and correcting an earlier related assertion. A sufﬁcient condition on H which guarantees that K n h H is ‘ -distance-balanced is given, and it is proved that if K n h H is ‘ -distance-balanced, then H is an ‘ -distance-balanced graph. A known characterization of 1-distance-balanced graphs is extended to ‘ -distance-balanced graphs, again correcting an earlier claimed assertion.
Relationship between Conservatism and Earnings Smoothing after the Adoption of IFRS in Brazilian Companies

Objective: Motivated by research that showed the increase in earnings smoothing levels may be due to the managers conservative behavior, this study aims to analyze the relationship between conservatism and earnings smoothing after mandatory IFRS implementation. Method: Descriptive, documentary, and quantitative research was carried out. A balanced sample of 92 publicly Brazilian companies were analyzed during the period from 2000 to 2018, with the period before (2000 to 2009) and after the mandatory implementation of IFRS (2010 to 2018). The variables used in the research were collected from the Refinitiv Eikon database. Results: The results showed an increase in the level of accounting conservatism and earnings smoothing of companies in the post-IFRS period and this increase in the level of smoothing was not related to changes in the timely recognition of gains and losses. This conclusion was reached because the level of conservatism of companies increased after the adoption of IFRS but did not affect the negative correlation between accruals and cash flow, a measure of income smoothing. Contribution: This is the first research in the Brazilian context to demonstrate that after the implementation of IFRS, there was an increase in income smoothing that is not related to changes in conditional conservatism. This fact may indicate a lower quality of accounting information, requiring analysts, investors, and regulators to pay attention to the analysis of accounting reports, after the implementation of IFRS in Brazil.
The association between HbA 1c and the development of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes The association between HbA 1c and the development of CFRD

Aims/hypothesis To examine glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) as a predictor of risk for future development of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes (CFRD) and assess the association with the development of retinopathy in CFRD A 7-year retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in 50 adults with CF comparing oral glucose tolerance test results with HbA 1c values in predicting the development of CFRD. Retinal screening data were also compared to HbA 1c measurements to assess microvascular outcome. diagnostic tool in CFRD, it may be of clinical use in determining individuals at risk of future development of CFRD.
Birational geometry for d-critical loci and wall-crossing in Calaby–Yau 3-folds

The notion of d-critical loci was introduced by Joyce in order to give classical shadows of $(-1)$-shifted symplectic derived schemes. In this paper, we discuss birational geometry for d-critical loci, by introducing notions such as `d-critical flips', `d-critical flops', etc. They are not birational maps of the underlying spaces, but rather should be understood as virtual birational maps. We show that several wall-crossing phenomena of moduli spaces of stable objects on Calabi-Yau 3-folds are described in terms of d-critical birational geometry. Among them, we show that wall-crossing diagrams of Pandharipande-Thomas (PT) stable pair moduli spaces, which are relevant in showing the rationality of PT generating series, form a d-critical minimal model program.
On the Reflected Fractional Brownian Motion Process on the Positive Orthant: Asymptotics for a Maximum with Application to Queueing Networks

Let W be a J-dim. reflected fractional Brownian motion process (rfBm) on the positive orthant , with drift θ ∈ ℝ J and Hurst parameter H ∈ (0, 1), and let , be a vector of weights. We define M(t) = max 0≤s≤t a T W(s) and prove that M(t) grows like t if μ =a T θ > 0, in the sense that its increase is smaller than that of any function growing faster than t, and if a restriction on the weights holds, it is also bigger than that of any function growing slower than t. We obtain similar results with t H instead of t in the driftless case (θ = 0). If μ <0 we prove that the increase of M(t) is smaller than that of any function growing faster than t and also that is a lower bound for M(t). Motivation for this study is that rfBm appears as the workload limit associated to a fluid queueing network fed by a big number of heavy-tailed On/Off sources under heavy traffic and state space collapse; in this scenario, M(t) can be interpreted as the maximum amount of fluid in a queue at the network over the interval [0, t], which turns out to be an interesting performance process to describe the congestion of the queueing system.
Bifurcation on the hexagonal lattice and the planar Bénard problem

One of the simplifications, used by Sattinger (1978), in studying the planar Bénard problem is to assume that the solutions are doubly periodic with respect to the hexagonal lattice in the plane. Once one makes this assumption, the generic situation is that the kernel of the linearized Boussinesq equations (linearized about the pure conduction solution) is six-dimensional, the eigenfunctions being superpositions of plane waves along three directions at mutual angles of 120°. In this situation the Liapunov-Schmidt procedure leads to a reduced bifurcation problem of the form g (x, λ) = 0 where g: [R6 x R -» R6 is smooth. Here λ represents the Rayleigh number. Moreover, such a g must commute with the symmetry group of the hexagonal lattice. In the paper we study such covariant bifurcation problems from the point of view of singularity theory and group theory, thus refining the work of Sattinger (1978). In particular we are able to classify the simplest such bifurcation problems as well as all of their perturbations. We find that stable rolls and stable hexagons occur as possible solutions. In addition, we find a rich structure of non-stable equilibrium solutions including wavy rolls and false hexagons appearing in the unfoldings of even the simplest degenerate bifurcation problems.
Assessing Environmental Physics: Tidal Flood Impact with Multidiscipline Approach (Case Study Coastal Cities Semarang Indonesia)

Tidal floods and land subsidence often occur in the coastal areas of Semarang, Central Java. The coastal area of Semarang has an essential role in the economy of the city of Semarang, especially the Port of Tanjung Emas. Research with a multidisciplinary approach is expected to obtain conclusions on technical and non-technical problems to prepare mitigation measures and reduce the risk of tidal flooding. This study aims to determine and analyze the impact of tidal flooding in the city of Semarang using a multidisciplinary approach. The data used for the analysis came from literature studies and field observations. This research method is descriptive analysis. The results showed that the tidal flood caused damage to infrastructure, houses, and other public facilities. This damage makes the infrastructure not function optimally. Other impacts the community feels are disruption of economic activities, lower productivity, and increased maintenance costs, thereby reducing overall community income. Therefore, tidal flood prevention is needed from all stakeholders, both individually and collectively.
Kinematic simulations as a subgrid-scale model for particle motion: a priori LES of homogeneous isotropic turbulence

In this work we investigated the impact of filtering and subgrid-scale modeling on particle settling velocity and collision-related statistics in a turbulent flow. To reduce the complexity of this task we first studied the motion of inertial particles in the low-pass filtered homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, which was subsequently enriched with the subgrid-scale velocity components obtained from a frozen high-pass filtered velocity field. Particular emphasis has been put on the radial distribution function and the radial relative velocity of nearly touching particles both in the presence or absence of the gravitational settling. These statistics are the key input parameters to the kinematic collision kernel which is of crucial importance in determining the collision rate of inertial particles in a turbulent flow. Furthermore, kinematic simulations were selected as a means of enhancing the fluid velocity at particle locations. We analyzed a wide range of Stokes numbers, i.e. a measure of particle inertia, and, in contrast to scientific premises found in the literature, we observed no improvement of particle statistics when the low-pass filtered fluid velocity was enriched with both a synthetic or spectrally-filtered small-scale structures. We discuss the shortages of any frozen-velocity-based subgrid-scale model in predicting both single- and two-point particle statistics. We also indicate that in some cases, particularly concerning the collision rate of particles suspended in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, subgrid-scale contribution in the particle equation of motion can be neglected.
Level of distribution of unbalanced convolutions

We show that if an essentially arbitrary sequence supported on an interval containing $x$ integers, is convolved with a tiny Siegel-Walfisz-type sequence supported on an interval containing $\exp((\log x)^{\varepsilon})$ integers then the resulting multiplicative convolution has (in a weak sense) level of distribution $x^{1/2 + 1/66 - \varepsilon}$ as $x$ goes to infinity. This dispersion estimate has a number of consequences for: the distribution of the $k$th divisor function to moduli $x^{1/2 + 1/66 - \varepsilon}$ for any integer $k \geq 1$, the distribution of products of exactly two primes in arithmetic progressions to large moduli, the distribution of sieve weights of level $x^{1/2 + 1/66 - \varepsilon}$ to moduli as large as $x^{1 - \varepsilon}$ and for the Brun-Titchmarsh theorem for almost all moduli $q$ of size $x^{1 - \varepsilon}$, lowering the long-standing constant $4$ in that range. Our result improves and is inspired by earlier work of Green (and subsequent work of Granville-Shao) which is concerned with the distribution of $1$-bounded multiplicative functions in arithmetic progressions to large moduli. As in these previous works the main technical ingredient are the recent estimates of Bettin-Chandee for trilinear forms in Kloosterman fractions and the estimates of Duke-Friedlander-Iwaniec for bilinear forms in Kloosterman fractions.
OVERLAP COEFFICIENTS OF TWO NORMAL DENSITIES: EQUAL MEANS CASE

The problem of estimation of four commonly used measures of overlap for two normal densities with heterogeneous variances is considered and relations between them are studied. Overlap coefficients are used frequently to describe the degree of interspecific encounter or crowdedness of two species in their resource utilization. Variants of overlap coefficients have also been used to estimate the proportion of ge netic deviates in segregating populations and to measure racial segregation. Relations between four measures of overlap are studied and approximate expressions for the bias and the variance of the estimates are presented. The invariance property and a method of statistical inference of these coefficients also are presented. Results of some simulation studies concerning the performance of expressions for the bias and the variance are given.
THE EFFECT OF POPULATION-WIDE MASS-TO-RADIUS RELATIONSHIPS ON THE INTERPRETATION OF KEPLER AND HARPS SUPER-EARTH OCCURRENCE RATES

The ongoing High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Search (HARPS) has found that 30%–50% of G and K dwarfs in the solar neighborhood host planets with Mpl ≲ MNep in orbits of P ⩽ 50 days. At first glance, this high overall occurrence rate seems at best to be marginally consistent with the planet frequency measured during Q0–Q2 of the Kepler mission, whose 1235 detected planetary candidates naively imply that ∼15% of main-sequence dwarfs harbor a short-period planet with Rpl < 4 R⊕. A rigorous comparison between the two surveys is difficult, however, as they observe different stellar populations, measure different planetary physical properties, and are subject to radically different sampling plans. In this article, we report the results of a Monte Carlo study which seeks to partially overcome this apparent discrepancy by identifying plausible planetary population distributions which can jointly conform to the results of the two surveys. We find that, given the HARPS occurrence rate, either a population subject to a mass–density relationship extrapolated from our solar system or a population concurrently consisting of dense silicate–iron planets and low-density gaseous worlds can produce total numbers of planet candidates consistent with those actually detected by Kepler. However, these two mass-to-radius relationships (M–Rs) resolve the apparent occurrence rate discrepancy with different mass and period distributions, enabling future observations to rule out M–Rs that do not fully describe the observed planet population in a global sense. Extracting information of this nature from the transit–radial-velocity comparison has significant implications for the interpretation of planet occurrence rates: if a multi-valued M–R, which allows planets of similar mass to have significantly different radii, emerges from observational data, then multiple formation mechanisms are likely at work. In this event, HARPS may be detecting a large population of dense low-mass planets, while Kepler detects a large population of gaseous sub-Neptunes.
Hydraulic jumps due to oblique impingement of circular liquid jets on a flat horizontal surface

An obliquely inclined circular water jet, impinging on a flat horizontal surface, confers a series of hydraulic jump profiles, pertaining to different jet inclinations and jet velocities. These jump profiles are non-circular, and can be broadly grouped into two categories, based on the angle of jet inclination, φ, made with horizontal. Jumps corrosponding to the range (25° < φ≤ 90°) are observed to be bounded by smooth curves, whereas those corresponding to φ≤ 25° are characterized by distinct corners. The present work attempts to find a geometric and hydrodynamic characterization of the spatial patterns formed as a consequence of such non-circular hydraulic jump profiles. Flow-visualization experiments are conducted to depict the shape of demarcating boundaries between supercritical and subcritical flows, and the corresponding radial jump locations are obtained. Theoretical calculations are also executed to obtain the radial locations of the jumps with geometrically smooth profiles. Comparisons are subsequently made between the theoretical predictions and the experimental observations, and a good agreement between these two can be observed. Jumps with corners, however, turn out to be comprised of strikingly contrasting profiles, which can be attributed to the ‘jump–jet’ interaction and the ‘jump-jump’ interaction mechanisms. A phenomenological explanation is also provided, by drawing an analogy from the theory of shock-wave interactions.