Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Status of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: A Meta-Analysis

Alcohol-induced oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence (AD). This meta-analysis was aimed at investigating the changes in the levels of OS biomarkers in AD patients. We included relevant literature published before 1 April 2022, from the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases following PRISMA guidelines. Finally, 15 eligible articles were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 860 patients and 849 controls. Compared with healthy controls, AD patients had lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes, and lower levels of albumin, while levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin B12, homocysteine, and bilirubin were significantly increased in serum/plasma samples of AD subjects (all p < 0.05). In male patients, the activities of SOD and GPx were increased in serum/plasma but decreased in erythrocytes (all p < 0.05). The opposite trends in the level of SOD and GPx activities in serum/plasma and erythrocytes of male patients could be used as the biomarker of alcohol-induced OS injury, and the synergistic changes of MDA, vitamin B12, albumin, bilirubin, and homocysteine levels should also be considered.
Entropic uncertainty relation based on generalized uncertainty principle

We explore the modification of the entropic formulation of uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics which measures the incompatibility of measurements in terms of Shannon entropy. The deformation in question is the type so called generalized uncertainty principle that is motivated by thought experiments in quantum gravity and string theory and is characterized by a parameter of Planck scale. The corrections are evaluated for small deformation parameters by use of the Gaussian wave function and numerical calculation. As the generalized uncertainty principle has proven to be useful in the study of the quantum nature of black holes, this study would be a step toward introducing an information theory viewpoint to black hole physics.
Singular Integrals of Non-convolution Type on Product Spaces

This paper gives an extension of the classical L^p theorem of singular integrals on product spaces, in the assertion of which they are non-translation invariant. In such pursuit, we investigated a class of pseudo differential operators, classified by their symbols. By singular integral realization, these are singular integrals of non-convolution type, whose kernels satisfy appropriate size estimate and cancellation property. We prove that the operators consisted in this class are L^p continuous for 1 < p <infty. Moreover, they form an algebra under compositions and admit in a desired weighted norm inequality.
DPNPED: Dynamic Perception Network for Polysemous Event Trigger Detection

Event detection is the process of analyzing event streams to detect the occurrences of events and categorize them. General methods for solving this problem are to identify and classify event triggers. Most previous works focused on improving the recognition and classification networks which neglected the representation of polysemous event triggers. Polysemy is habitually somewhat confusing in semantic understanding and hard to detect. To improve polysemous trigger detection, this paper proposes a novel framework called DPNPED, which dynamically adjusts the network depth between polysemous and common words. Firstly, to measure the polysemy, the difficulty factor is devised based on the frequency of a word as an event trigger. Secondly, the DPNPED utilizes a confidence measure to automatically adjust the network depth by comparing the predicted and initial probability distribution. Finally, our model applies focal loss to dynamically integrate the difficulty factor and confidence measure to enhance the learning of polysemous triggers. The experimental results show that our method achieves a noticeable improvement in polysemous event trigger detection.
Ultrafast optical spectroscopy of strongly correlated materials and high-temperature superconductors: a non-equilibrium approach

In the last two decades non-equilibrium spectroscopies have evolved from avant-garde studies to crucial tools for expanding our understanding of the physics of strongly correlated materials. The possibility of obtaining simultaneously spectroscopic and temporal information has led to insights that are complementary to (and in several cases beyond) those attainable by studying the matter at equilibrium. From this perspective, multiple phase transitions and new orders arising from competing interactions are benchmark examples where the interplay among electrons, lattice and spin dynamics can be disentangled because of the different timescales that characterize the recovery of the initial ground state. For example, the nature of the broken-symmetry phases and of the bosonic excitations that mediate the electronic interactions, eventually leading to superconductivity or other exotic states, can be revealed by observing the sub-picosecond dynamics of impulsively excited states. Furthermore, recent experimental and theoretical developments have made it possible to monitor the time-evolution of both the single-particle and collective excitations under extreme conditions, such as those arising from strong and selective photo-stimulation. These developments are opening the way for new, non-equilibrium phenomena that can eventually be induced and manipulated by short laser pulses. Here, we review the most recent achievements in the experimental and theoretical studies of the non-equilibrium electronic, optical, structural and magnetic properties of correlated materials. The focus will be mainly on the prototypical case of correlated oxides that exhibit unconventional superconductivity or other exotic phases. The discussion will also extend to other topical systems, such as iron-based and organic superconductors, and charge-transfer insulators. With this review, the dramatically growing demand for novel experimental tools and theoretical methods, models and concepts, will clearly emerge. In particular, the necessity of extending the actual experimental capabilities and the numerical and analytic tools to microscopically treat the non-equilibrium phenomena beyond the simple phenomenological approaches represents one of the most challenging new frontiers in physics.
Conservative 3+1 general relativistic variable Eddington tensor radiation transport equations

We present conservative 3+1 general relativistic variable Eddington tensor radiation transport equations, including greater elaboration of the momentum space divergence (that is, the energy derivative term) than in previous work. These equations are intended for use in simulations involving numerical relativity, particularly in the absence of spherical symmetry. The independent variables are the lab frame coordinate basis spacetime position coordinates and the particle energy measured in the comoving frame. With an eye towards astrophysical applications---such as core-collapse supernovae and compact object mergers---in which the fluid includes nuclei and/or nuclear matter at finite temperature, and in which the transported particles are neutrinos, we pay special attention to the consistency of four-momentum and lepton number exchange between neutrinos and the fluid, showing the term-by-term cancellations that must occur for this consistency to be achieved.
Comparative Analysis between Individual, Centralized, and Federated Learning for Smartwatch Based Stress Detection

Machine learning has been proven to provide good performances on stress detection tasks using multi-modal sensor data from a smartwatch. Generally, machine learning techniques need a sufficient amount of data to train a robust model. Thus, we need to collect data from several users and send them to a central server to feed the algorithm. However, the uploaded data may contain sensitive information that can jeopardize the user’s privacy. Federated learning can tackle this challenge by enabling the model to be trained using data from all users without the user’s data leaving the user’s device. In this study, we implement federated learning-based stress detection and provide a comparative analysis between individual, centralized, and federated learning. The experiment was conducted on WESAD dataset by using Logistic Regression as the classifier. The experiment results show that in terms of accuracy, federated learning cannot reach the performance level of both individual and centralized learning. The individual learning strategy performs best with an average accuracy of 0.9998 and an average F1-measure of 0.9996.
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEARNING: USING EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY MARKETING CLIENT BRIEFS TO FOSTER AWARENESS, APPLICATION AND ACTION

ABSTRACT This paper reports a study coauthored with second-year undergraduate students that examines student experiences of undertaking real-life, client-set marketing assessments with an equality and inclusion remit. Students were set a marketing assessment with an explicit social justice focus, thereby prompting them to reflect on their own backgrounds and unconscious biases whilst addressing issues of societal injustice. This study explores the impact on students of closely engaging with this material and how the assessment, which involved them interviewing experts and developing actionable recommendations, altered their views and career plans. Data were generated via focus groups with students who undertook the assessment, supplemented by some alumni and client interviews. The findings are presented as a “3A” framework of Awareness, Application, and Action: first, the assessment raised “Awareness” of broader societal issues and fostered transformation in terms of personal views; second, students developed core skills and networks they could “Apply” in their future careers; and third, “Action” describes the way students felt empowered to make a positive difference to their client and wider society. The 3A model provides simple design principles that educators could implement if they want to introduce transformational experiences based on social justice issues into the marketing curriculum.
Clues on the missing sources of reionization from self-consistent modelling of Milky Way and dwarf galaxy globular clusters

Globular clusters are unique tracers of ancient star formation. We determine the formation efficiencies of globular clusters across cosmic time by modeling the formation and dynamical evolution of the globular cluster population of a Milky Way type galaxy in hierarchical cosmology, using the merger tree from the Via Lactea II simulation. All of the models are constrained to reproduce the observed specific frequency and initial mass function of globular clusters in isolated dwarfs. Globular cluster orbits are then computed in a time varying gravitational potential after they are either accreted from a satellite halo or formed in situ, within the Milky Way halo. We find that the Galactocentric distances and metallicity distribution of globular clusters are very sensitive to the formation efficiencies of globular clusters as a function of redshift and halo mass. Our most accurate models reveal two distinct peaks in the globular cluster formation efficiency at z~2 and z~7-12 and prefer a formation efficiency that is mildly increasing with decreasing halo mass, the opposite of what expected for feedback-regulated star formation. This model accurately reproduces the positions, velocities, mass function, metallicity distribution, and age distribution of globular clusters in the Milky Way and predicts that ~ 40% formed in situ, within the Milky Way halo, while the other ~ 60% were accreted from about 20 satellite dwarf galaxies with Vc > 30 km/s, and about 29% or all globular clusters formed at redshifts z > 7. These results further strengthen the notion that globular cluster formation was an important mode of star formation in high-redshift galaxies and likely played a significant role in the reionization of the intergalactic medium
IMPROVED ESTIMATES OF THE MILKY WAY’S STELLAR MASS AND STAR FORMATION RATE FROM HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN META-ANALYSIS

We present improved estimates of several global properties of the Milky Way, including its current star formation rate (SFR), the stellar mass contained in its disk and bulge+bar components, as well as its total stellar mass. We do so by combining previous measurements from the literature using a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) statistical method that allows us to account for the possibility that any value may be incorrect or have underestimated errors. We show that this method is robust to a wide variety of assumptions about the nature of problems in individual measurements or error estimates. Ultimately, our analysis yields an SFR for the Galaxy of M ˙ ⋆ = 1.65 ± 0.19 M ⊙ yr - 1 ? > , assuming a Kroupa initial mass function (IMF). By combining HB methods with Monte Carlo simulations that incorporate the latest estimates of the Galactocentric radius of the Sun, R0, the exponential scale length of the disk, Ld, and the local surface density of stellar mass, &Sgr; ⋆ ( R 0 ) ? > , we show that the mass of the Galactic bulge+bar is M ⋆ B = 0.91 ± 0.07 × 10 10 ? > M ⊙ ? > , the disk mass is M ⋆ D = 5.17 ± 1.11 × 10 10 ? > M ⊙ ? > , and their combination yields a total stellar mass of M ⋆ = 6.08 ± 1.14 × 10 10 ? > M ⊙ ? > (assuming a Kroupa IMF and an exponential disk profile). This analysis is based upon a new compilation of literature bulge mass estimates, normalized to common assumptions about the stellar IMF and Galactic disk properties, presented herein. We additionally find a bulge-to-total mass ratio for the Milky Way of B / T = 0.150 − 0.019 + 0.028 ? > and a specific SFR of M ˙ ⋆ / M ⋆ = 2.71 ± 0.59 × 10 − 11 ? > yr−1.
Unraveling Mitochondrial Determinants of Tumor Response to Radiation Therapy

Radiotherapy represents a highly targeted and efficient treatment choice in many cancer types, both with curative and palliative intents. Nevertheless, radioresistance, consisting in the adaptive response of the tumor to radiation-induced damage, represents a major clinical problem. A growing body of the literature suggests that mechanisms related to mitochondrial changes and metabolic remodeling might play a major role in radioresistance development. In this work, the main contributors to the acquired cellular radioresistance and their relation with mitochondrial changes in terms of reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, and epigenetic alterations have been discussed. We focused on recent findings pointing to a major role of mitochondria in response to radiotherapy, along with their implication in the mechanisms underlying radioresistance and radiosensitivity, and briefly summarized some of the recently proposed mitochondria-targeting strategies to overcome the radioresistant phenotype in cancer.
NONTHERMALLY DOMINATED ELECTRON ACCELERATION DURING MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN A LOW-β PLASMA

By means of fully kinetic simulations, we investigate electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection in a nonrelativistic proton–electron plasma with conditions similar to solar corona and flares. We demonstrate that reconnection leads to a nonthermally dominated electron acceleration with a power-law energy distribution in the nonrelativistic low-β regime but not in the high-β regime, where β is the ratio of the plasma thermal pressure and the magnetic pressure. The accelerated electrons contain most of the dissipated magnetic energy in the low-β regime. A guiding-center current description is used to reveal the role of electron drift motions during the bulk nonthermal energization. We find that the main acceleration mechanism is a Fermi-type acceleration accomplished by the particle curvature drift motion along the electric field induced by the reconnection outflows. Although the acceleration mechanism is similar for different plasma β, low-β reconnection drives fast acceleration on Alfvénic timescales and develops power laws out of thermal distribution. The nonthermally dominated acceleration resulting from magnetic reconnection in low-β plasma may have strong implications for the highly efficient electron acceleration in solar flares and other astrophysical systems.
Searching for flavor changing neutral currents in t→Hc , H→ττ decays at the LHC

The prospects of searching for the flavor changing neutral current effect in the decay of $t\to H c, H\to \tau\tau$ are investigated with the simulated $p-p$ collision data for the ATLAS detector at the LHC, where the Higgs mass is assumed to be 125~GeV. A fit based on the constraints from the Higgs mass and the tau decay kinematics is performed for each event, which improves significantly the Higgs and top mass reconstruction and helps the signal-background separation. Boosted Decision Trees discriminants are developed to achieve an optimal sensitivity of searching for the FCNC signal. An expected upper limit of the branching ratio $\mathcal{B}(t\to H c)$ at $95\%$ confidence level of 0.25\% is obtained with a data set of 100~fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV during the LHC Run-2 period.
The Fluid Mechanics of the Edgetone.

A model is proposed to explain the means by which an edgetone transforms the energy of a fully developed plane jet into energy which is radiated as sound. The edgetone configuration considered consists of a flat plate located in the medial plane of a fully developed two‐dimensional jet. The flow is modeled as follows. A periodic disturbance at the jet origin leads to the formation of an asymmetric vortex street which propagates downstream with a fixed convection velocity and wavelength. The vortex strength, convection velocity, and wavelength are determined as functions of the Strouhal number by applying conservation laws and kinematic relationships. A potential flow analysis of the interaction of the vortices with the edge is used to estimate the nearfield oscillating flow at the jet exit which, in turn, is used to calculate the phase of the feedback mechanism. The phase then determines the operating frequency as a function of jet velocity and edge stand‐off distance. It is shown that the proposed model is capable of predicting the major observed features of edgetone operation. The frequency predictions of the theory are compared with experiments for a wide range of jet parameters in both air and water. The comparison indicates that the frequency predictions are as good or better than previous empirical or semiempirical formulas.
ON THE PUZZLE OF SPACE WEATHERING ALTERATION OF BASALTIC ASTEROIDS

The majority of basaltic asteroids are found in the inner main belt, although a few have also been observed in the outer main belt and near-Earth space. These asteroids—referred to as V-types—have surface compositions that resemble that of the 530 km sized asteroid Vesta. Besides the compositional similarity, dynamical evidence also links many V-type asteroids to Vesta. Moreover, Vesta is one of the few asteroids to have been identified as source of specific classes of meteorites, the howardite, eucrite, and diogenite achondrites (HEDs). Despite the general consensus on the outlined scenario, several questions remain unresolved. In particular, it is not clear if the observed spectral diversity among Vesta, V-types, and HEDs is due to space weathering, as is thought to be the case for S-type asteroids. In this Letter, SDSS photometry is used to address the question of whether the spectral diversity among candidate V-types and HEDs can be explained by space weathering. We show that visible spectral slopes of V-types are systematically redder with respect to HEDs, in a similar way to what is found for ordinary chondrite meteorites and S-types. On the assumption that space weathering is responsible for the slope mismatch, we estimated an upper limit for the reddening timescale of about 0.5 Ga. Nevertheless, the observed slope mismatch between HEDs and V-types poses several puzzles to understanding its origin. The implication of our findings is also discussed in light of the Dawn mission to Vesta.
Out-of-Band Digital Predistortion for Power Amplifiers With Strong Nonlinearity

Conventional full-band digital predistortion (DPD) suppresses the inband (IB) distortion to improve the error vector magnitude (EVM) performance and simultaneously suppresses the out-of-band (OOB) distortion to reduce the adjacent-channel interference. However, its performance is very limited when the nonlinearity is strong, especially in terms of suppressing the OOB distortion. This paper proposes an OOB DPD scheme for strong nonlinearity with a special focus on suppressing the OOB distortion to reduce the adjacent-channel interference. The proposed OOB DPD is featured by specifying an arbitrary OOB-distortion band for linearization and controlling the improvement level of EVM performance. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed OOB DPD can achieve superior performance in suppressing the OOB distortion when the nonlinearity is strong. We also present analyses to show that in strong nonlinearity cases with high compression, focusing on suppressing the OOB distortion at a specific band is an effective way to improve the suppression level of the target distortion. The proposed OOB DPD can further improve the transmission power under the assurance of low adjacent-channel interference. It can be applied in communications with urgent needs in high transmission power, high efficiency, and low adjacent-channel interference, such as military communications that usually adopt low-order modulations with low EVM requirements.
Finite dimensional Hamiltonian formalism for gauge and quantum field theories

We discuss in this article the canonical structure of classical field theory in finite dimensions within the pataplectic Hamiltonian formulation, where we put forward the role of Legendre correspondence. We define the generalized Poisson p-brackets which are the analogs of the Poisson bracket on forms. We formulate the equations of motion of forms in terms of p-brackets. As illustration of our formalism we present three examples: the interacting scalar fields, conformal string theory and the electromagnetic field.
Optimal Design of Harvesting Speed and Forward Speed of Harvester Based on Adaptive Control System

The working efficiency of the combine harvester is still very low. It is an important way to realize mechanization to optimize the cutting speed of the harvester and the forward speed of the cutter without increasing economic input. In view of this, the present study briefly summarized the current structure of combine harvester systems. A new type of adaptive control system of combine harvesters was designed from the angle of cutting speed and forward speed of cutter. The sugarcane test base was taken as the test field, and the best matching speed was obtained with the goal of high efficiency of combine harvester and minimum sugarcane damage rate. In the test of cutting speed and forward speed of combine harvester, the optimal cutting speed under different forward speed conditions was recorded. The test results showed that the designed adaptive control system of the combine harvester could control the cutting speed and forward speed of the cutter well. The cutting speed and forward speed adaptive control system can realize the response to the input parameters and meet the design requirements of the harvester. This study can improve the economic benefits of the combine harvester and the quality of the harvested crops.