Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Swelling and Aspirin Release Study: Cross-Linked pH-Sensitive Vinyl Acetate-co-Acrylic Acid (VAC-co-AA) Hydrogels

The objective of this work was to develop new pH-sensitive hydrogels to deliver gastric mucosal irritating drugs to the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose, cross-linked vinyl acetate-co-acrylic acid (VAC-co-AA) hydrogels were synthesized by using N, N, methylene bisacrylamide (MBAAm) as a cross-linking agent. Different ratios of 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 10:90 of VAC-co-AA were synthesized. All of the compositions were cross-linked using 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60 mol percent MBAAm. Swelling and aspirin release were studied for 8 hour period. The drug release data were fitted into various kinetic models like the zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Peppas. Hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In addition to the above, these hydrogels were loaded with 2%, 8% and 14% w/v aspirin solutions, keeping the monomeric composition and degree of cross-linking constant. In conclusion, it can be said that aspirin can be successfully incorporated into cross-linked VAC/AA hydrogels and its swelling and drug release can be modulated by changing the mole fraction of the acid component in the gels.
Offline Contextual Bandits with Overparameterized Models

Recent results in supervised learning suggest that while overparameterized models have the capacity to overfit, they in fact generalize quite well. We ask whether the same phenomenon occurs for offline contextual bandits. Our results are mixed. Value-based algorithms benefit from the same generalization behavior as overparameterized supervised learning, but policy-based algorithms do not. We show that this discrepancy is due to the \emph{action-stability} of their objectives. An objective is action-stable if there exists a prediction (action-value vector or action distribution) which is optimal no matter which action is observed. While value-based objectives are action-stable, policy-based objectives are unstable. We formally prove upper bounds on the regret of overparameterized value-based learning and lower bounds on the regret for policy-based algorithms. In our experiments with large neural networks, this gap between action-stable value-based objectives and unstable policy-based objectives leads to significant performance differences.
Mixed sugarcane and elephant grass silages with or without bacterial inoculant

The effects of different ratios of sugarcane and elephant grass (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0% of the natural basis) were assessed on the chemical composition and losses in silages treated with a bacterial inoculant, using laboratory silos. A 2 × 5 factorial arrangement (with and without inoculant and five elephant grass ratios) in a randomized blocks design with three replications was used. Interaction was observed in the sugarcane and elephant grass ratio × bacterial inoculant for crude protein (CP) and pH. The other variables were influenced only by the increasing proportions of elephant grass. The contents of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, acid detergent fiber, insoluble protein in acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and lignin in the silages increased linearly with the proportions of elephant grass. The water soluble carbohydrate contents and dry matter in vitro digestibility of the silages decreased linearly with the increase in the proportion of elephant grass. The mean value of ammonia nitrogen in relation to total N was 7.0% (% of DM). The CP values of the inoculated and non-inoculated silage fitted linear models. The highest CP content was observed in the silage treated with inoculant. The pH values of the silages, with and without inoculant, fitted quadratic and linear models, respectively. The lactic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid contents were not influenced by the elephant grass ratios, while the acetic acid content, for the non-inoculated silages, and ethanol decreased linearly with the increase in elephant grass. The ratio of 25% sugarcane and 75% elephant grass improves the nutritional value and increases the silage DM recovery, because of the lower effluent and gas productions. The homofermentative bacterial inoculant does not affect the sugarcane silage.
New Method for the Synthesis of a Mononucleating Cyclic Peptide Ligand, Crystal Structures of its Ni, Zn, Cu, and Co Complexes, and Their Inhibitory Bioactivity Against Urease

A novel cyclic peptide complex, NiL 1 (H2L = 12,24-dihydroxy-1,6-dioxo-2,5,14,17-tetraaza[6*6]metacyclophane-13,17-diene has been synthesized for the first time under solvothermal conditions through a one-pot synthetic procedure using nickel ion as the template reagent. It was found that other metal ions were not suitable for the direct template reagent in this reaction. The nickel ion was eliminated from the complex and the metal-free cyclic peptide ligand H2L was obtained through a series of reactions. Then, ZnII, CuII, and CoII were coordinated with H2L under the same solvothermal conditions to produce three isomorphous complexes ZnL 2, CuL 3, and CoL 4. Their inhibitory bioactivities against urease were then studied. The copper(ii) complex 3 was the strongest inhibitor against jack bean urease, while H2L, 2, and 4 showed weak or no inhibitory activity against this enzyme.
Effect of Calcereous Cow Horn and Storage on the Physicochemical Properties of Cement-Bonded Particleboards from Groundnut Hulls

Fine particles of the groundnut hull and cow horn samples were prepared and subjected to hydration experiments with Portland cement with the moisture content maintained around 12%. All the compatibility factor values were very well above 60% making the different combinations appropriate for particleboard production. Metal analyses suggested high concentrations of Ca in both samples with values of wt% and wt% for the cow horn and groundnut hull samples, respectively. Potassium was also present in high concentrations but was lower than that of calcium. The cow horn was found to be a good substitute for the synthetic additives. Combinations of with the cow horn gave better compatibility () between the groundnut hull particles and the Portland cement due to chelation, with the hot-water-treated samples being the best. Bond formation was established through the hydroxyl (–OH), carbonyl (C=O), esters or ethers (C–O), and amide (N–H) functional groups on the groundnut hall samples. Storage over a period of time also gave a better compatibility of the groundnut hull sample with cement even in the absence of hot-water pretreatments and chemical additives.
Accessing molecular memory via a disulfide switch

Herein we describe the results of a combined theoretical and spectroscopic investigation into the design of a simple molecular system intended to act as a memory storage bank. The main operating principle revolves around the two-electron reduction of an aryl disulfide bond. Addition of the first electron leads to elongation of the S–S bond but it breaks only if there is accompanying protonation. Adding a second electron causes S–S bond cleavage, with or without protonation. The structural changes have been assessed by way of quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Electrochemical studies show that the two-electron reduced product can be re-oxidised at mildly anodic potentials and the cycle can be repeated many times. Both theory and experiment point towards pronounced potential inversion whereby the second reduction potential lies at a significantly more positive potential than that for the first step. Computer simulations of the cyclic voltammograms give rise to numerical values for the reduction potentials that are in quite good agreement with the computed values and also allow determination of the electrochemical rate constants and transfer coefficients. Accurate simulation of the experimental data can be realised only if one proton accompanies the second reduction step. The possibility to design an effective molecular-scale memory device around this system is discussed briefly.
X-ray studies of phase transitions of (Ca,Sr)-åkermanite solid solutions

Abstract The phase transitions of the solid solutions (Ca1-xSrx)2MgSi2O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.32) of modulated melilites are studied by X-ray diffraction. The variation of the intensity and the FWHM of satellite reflections reveal different transition temperatures. Two ranges of different ordering are found in the range of incommensurate modulation. The mechanism of the phase transition into the incommensurately modulated structure is discussed by including the diffuse scattering above the transition.
Hydrostatic limits in liquids and solids to 100 kbar

The hydrostatic properties of the materials methanol, isopropyl alcohol, water, sodium chloride, silver chloride, and the binary mixtures pentane‐isopentane and methanol‐ethanol have been determined in the diamond‐anvil pressure cell up to 180 kbar by line‐broadening and line‐shift measurements of the sharp R1 ruby fluorescence line. A liquid mixture 4 : 1 by volume of methanol : ethanol remains hydrostatic to almost 100 kbar at room temperature. This mixture exceeds the hydrostatic limit of the previous generally accepted fluid, 1 : 1 pentane : isopentane which has a hydrostatic limit of about 70 kbar. Silver chloride and water (ice VII) are better than sodium chloride as pressure‐transmitting media, but do not even qualitatively approach hydrostatic conditions much above 70 kbar. The stress sensitivity level of the ruby limits the extent to which slight deviations from hydrostatic conditions can be determined in solid systems and suggests the qualitative nature of the method in characterization of quasi.
Adhesion of polyethylene and polystyrene to steel

A conservative estimate of the molecular forces involved in the adhesion of polymers to conducting surfaces leads to bond tensile strengths considerably above those realizable in practice. This is explained by the occurrence of flaws, thermal stresses, and deformation under load. In order to minimize these factors, very thin films of polystyrene and polyethylene were molded between steel cylinders and experimental conditions were carefully controlled with the result that joint strengths in excess of bulk tensile strengths were obtained. Curves of joint failure stress versus film thickness at various temperatures are given, and extrapolated to zero thickness. The extrapolated adhesion values represent a lower limit of the specific adhesion. At 25°C. they are 183 kg. /cm.2 for polyethylene, and 412 kg. /cm.2 for polystyrene.
CO2 diffusion in tobacco: a link between mesophyll conductance and leaf anatomy

The partial pressure of CO2 at the sites of carboxylation within chloroplasts depends on the conductance to CO2 diffusion from intercellular airspace to the sites of carboxylation, termed mesophyll conductance (gm). We investigated how gm varies with leaf age and through a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) canopy by combining gas exchange and carbon isotope measurements using tunable diode laser spectroscopy. We combined these measurements with the anatomical characterization of leaves. CO2 assimilation rate, A, and gm decreased as leaves aged and moved lower in the canopy and were linearly correlated. This was accompanied by large anatomical changes including an increase in leaf thickness. Chloroplast surface area exposed to the intercellular airspace per unit leaf area (Sc) also decreased lower in the canopy. Older leaves had thicker mesophyll cell walls and gm was inversely proportional to cell wall thickness. We conclude that reduced gm of older leaves lower in the canopy was associated with a reduction in Sc and a thickening of mesophyll cell walls.
Carbon dioxide transport across membranes

Carbon dioxide (CO2) movement across cellular membranes is passive and governed by Fick's law of diffusion. Until recently, we believed that gases cross biological membranes exclusively by dissolving in and then diffusing through membrane lipid. However, the observation that some membranes are CO2 impermeable led to the discovery of a gas molecule moving through a channel; namely, CO2 diffusion through aquaporin-1 (AQP1). Later work demonstrated CO2 diffusion through rhesus (Rh) proteins and NH3 diffusion through both AQPs and Rh proteins. The tetrameric AQPs exhibit differential selectivity for CO2 versus NH3 versus H2O, reflecting physico-chemical differences among the small molecules as well as among the hydrophilic monomeric pores and hydrophobic central pores of various AQPs. Preliminary work suggests that NH3 moves through the monomeric pores of AQP1, whereas CO2 moves through both monomeric and central pores. Initial work on AQP5 indicates that it is possible to create a metal-binding site on the central pore's extracellular face, thereby blocking CO2 movement. The trimeric Rh proteins have monomers with hydrophilic pores surrounding a hydrophobic central pore. Preliminary work on the bacterial Rh homologue AmtB suggests that gas can diffuse through the central pore and three sets of interfacial clefts between monomers. Finally, initial work indicates that CO2 diffuses through the electrogenic Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCe1. At least in some cells, CO2-permeable proteins could provide important pathways for transmembrane CO2 movements. Such pathways could be amenable to cellular regulation and could become valuable drug targets.
Carbon dioxide formation from organic solutes in aqueous suspensions of ultraviolet-irradiated TiO2. Effect of solute concentration

The oxidation of a number of aromatic compounds to carbon dioxide by exposure to near U.V. light in aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions has been studied as a function of the solute concentration. In most, the dependence of the rate of CO2 formation follows the simple Langmuir expression:R(CO2)=k1k2[s]/(1+k1[s])The rate is essentially independent of concentration above 200 µM and becomes progressively more dependent on the concentration as it decreases. Changes in the mineralization rate are most clearly reflected in k2, the parameter determined by the limiting rate at high concentrations. A consequence of the dependence is that total mineralization is strictly never achieved but is approached asymptotically at extended illumination times. The expression and parameters are given which enable the prediction of the extent of mineralization over a wide range of concentrations. The solutes studied were benzene, benzoic acid, benzoate ion, salicylate ion, phenol, chlorobenzene , aniline, anilinium ion, nitrobenzene, chloroform and formic acid. It was confirmed that pH and oxygen concentration affect the rate of carbon dioxide formation but, in the photochemical reactor used, the rate was not significantly affected by the amount of TiO2 suspended for loadings from 0.05 to 0.40 g per 400 ml.
The basins, orogens and evolution of the southern Gulf of Mexico and Northern Caribbean

s, London, 15. Horbury, A. , Chambers, R. , Zamora, D. , Ortuno, E. and Bello, R. 2005. Origin of breccia fabrics in the Late Cretaceous reservoir of the Cantarell Field, Offshore Campeche, Mexico. AAPG International Conference and Exhibition Paris, Abstracts, http://www.searchanddis covery.com/documents/abstracts/2005intl_paris/hor bury.htm? q=%2BtitleStrip%3Acantarell Horbury, A.D., Hall, S. et al. 2003. Tectonic sequence stratigraphy of the western margin of the GoM in the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic: less passive than previously imagined. In: Bartolini, C. , Buffler, R.T. and Blickwede, J. (eds) The Circum-GoM and the Caribbean: Hydrocarbon Habitats, Basin Formation, and Plate Tectonics. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoirs, 79, 184–245. Hudec, M.R. , Norton, I.O. , Jackson, M.P.A. and Peel, F.J. 2013. Jurassic evolution of the Gulf of Mexico salt basin. AAPG Bulletin, 97, 1683–1710, https://doi. org/10.1306/04011312073 Hudec, M.R. and Norton, I. 2019. Upper Jurassic structure and evolution of the Yucatán and Campeche subbasins, southern GoM. AAPG Bulletin, 103, 1133–1151, https://doi.org/10.1306/11151817405 Hudec, M.R. , Dooley, T.P., Peel, F.J. and Soto, J.I. 2020. Controls on the evolution of passive-margin salt basins: structure and evolution of the Salina del Bravo region, northeastern Mexico. GSA Bulletin, 132, 997–1012, https://doi.org/10.1130/B35283.1 Humphries, C.C. , Jr. 1978. Salt movement on continental slope, northern Gulf of Mexico. In: Bouma, A.H. , Moore, G.T. and Coleman, J.M. (eds) Framework, facies and oiltrapping characteristics of the upper continentalmargin: AAPGStudies inGeology #7, p. 69–86. Iturralde-Vinent, M.A., Otero, C.D. , García-Casco, A. and van Hinsbergen, D.J. 2008. Paleogene foredeep basin deposits of north-central Cuba: a record of arc–continent collision between the Caribbean and North American Plates. International Geology Review, 50, 863–884, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.50. 10.863 Jablonski,D. ,Westlake, S. andGumley,G.M. 2010.Offshore Jamaica – a new frontier? Unmasking the potential of the Walton Basin. Poster Presentation, AAPG 2010 Annual Convention & Exhibition, New Orleans, LA, http:// www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/abstracts/pdf/20 10/annual/abstracts/ndx_jablo nski.pdf. html Juárez-Arriaga, E. , Lawton, T.F. and Stockli, D.F. 2016. Soyatal Formation and related strata: onset of sedimentation in the Cretaceous Foreland-Basin System, Central Mexico. AAPG Annual Convention and Exhbition, Calgary, Alberta, http://www.searchanddiscov ery.com/abstracts/html/2016/90259ace/abstracts/ 2380953.html Juárez-Arriaga, E. , Lawton, T.F. , Stockli, D.F. , Solari, L. and Martens, U. 2019a. Late Cretaceous–Paleocene stratigraphic and structural evolution of the central Mexican fold and thrust belt, from detrital zircon (U/ Th)/(He–Pb) ages. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 95, 10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.
Failure-Bearing Capability of Oxidized Zircaloy-4 Cladding under Simulated Loss-of-Coolant Condition

With a view to examining the failure-bearing capability of Zircaloy-4 cladding under postulated Loss-of-Coolant Accident condition in LWRs, integral tests of rod-burst, oxidation and thermal-shock were performed using simulated fuel containing A1203 pellets sheathed in Zircaloy-4 specimen cladding, filled with He gas, and sealed. This simulated fuel rod was oxidized in steam flowing at the isothermal oxidation temperatures between 920 and 1,330°C for duration ranging of 3~180 min after the cladding burst. After isothermal oxidation, the rod was quenched with bottom-flooding water under the condition of constraint or no constraint. The failure boundary oxidation condition of the cladding on quenching under no constraint condition lay in the region of 35~38% ECR for the isothermal oxidation temperatures between 1,050 and 1,330°C. For the temperatures ranging 970~1,050°C, the boundary value of ECR was somewhat lower than that obtained for higher temperatures. The failure boundary oxidation condition of the c.
Motor Inhibition to Dangerous Objects: Electrophysiological Evidence for Task-dependent Aversive Affordances

Abstract Previous work suggests that perception of an object automatically facilitates actions related to object grasping and manipulation. Recently, the notion of automaticity has been challenged by behavioral studies suggesting that dangerous objects elicit aversive affordances that interfere with encoding of an object's motor properties; however, related EEG studies have provided little support for these claims. We sought EEG evidence that would support the operation of an inhibitory mechanism that interferes with the motor encoding of dangerous objects, and we investigated whether such mechanism would be modulated by the perceived distance of an object and the goal of a given task. EEGs were recorded by 24 participants who passively perceived dangerous and neutral objects in their peripersonal, boundary, or extrapersonal space and performed either a reachability judgment task or a categorization task. Our results showed that greater attention, reflected in the visual P1 potential, was drawn by dangerous and reachable objects. Crucially, a frontal N2 potential, associated with motor inhibition, was larger for dangerous objects only when participants performed a reachability judgment task. Furthermore, a larger parietal P3b potential for dangerous objects indicated the greater difficulty in linking a dangerous object to the appropriate response, especially when it was located in the participants' extrapersonal space. Taken together, our results show that perception of dangerous objects elicits aversive affordances in a task-dependent way and provides evidence for the operation of a neural mechanism that does not code affordances of dangerous objects automatically, but rather on the basis of contextual information.
Nitrogênio em cobertura no feijoeiro cultivado em plantio direto

Nutrient dynamics of common bean grown under no-tillage system presents some particularities, requiring additional information for its adequate management. The present study was carried out on a typic Haplustox, in Selviria County, MS, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the effect of different levels and periods of nitrogen application on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield. A randomized complete block design in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replications was used. Treatments consisted of sidedressing urea at five doses (0, 35, 70, 105, and 140 kg ha-1 of N) at three different periods (15, 30, and 15 + 30 days after plant emergence). The sidedressing nitrogen application up to the highest dose (140 kg ha -1) at 15 and/or 30 days after plant emergence led to an increase in the number of pods per plant, grains per pod, 100 grain weight and grain yield of irrigated common bean in no-tillage system.
Decrease in serum antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 in convalescent plasma donors over time

used by the four laboratories, are listed in Table 2. Among the six samples tested, only one was found to be weakly positive for the E gene (36.1 cycle threshold; cycle threshold of a positive result was ≤40) by two of the four testing centers (Table 1). This was a plasma donation dedicated to fractionation. This discrepancy among the testing laboratories was related to the volume of plasma used to isolate the viral RNA. Indeed, by using a larger (up to 280 μL vs 140 μL) volume of plasma during the viral RNA isolation, these two laboratories were able to get a weak positive result by PCR. The infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 found in this donation was evaluated using Vero E6 cell line and was found to be noninfectious. A plasma donation given 6 days earlier by this same donor was also recalled, tested, and found to be negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Interestingly, for the donor who had mild symptoms at the time of her donation, this latter was tested negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. All six donors were also tested for the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and all were negative, confirming that they were in the early phase of infection. These results are consistent with those reported by Chang and colleagues from China, where only four donors out of more than 7000 were found to be weakly positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their blood. In conclusion, our data indicate that SARS-CoV-2, like other respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, is present in very limited amount if not totally absent in blood products donated shortly before the onset of symptoms in infected individuals. Consequently, the risk of transmission of COVID-19 by blood transfusion, if it exists, would appear to be negligible.