Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trade Liberalization and Labor Market Institutions

Abstract While the firm-level distributional consequences of market liberalization are well understood, previous studies have paid only limited attention to how variations in domestic institutions across countries affect the winners and losers from opening up to trade. We argue that the presence of coordinated wage-bargaining institutions, which impose a ceiling on wage increases, and state-subsidized vocational training, which creates a large supply of highly skilled workers, generate labor market frictions. Upward wage rigidity, in particular, helps smaller firms weather the rising competition and increasing labor costs triggered by trade liberalization. We test this hypothesis using a firm-level data set of European Union countries, which includes more than 800,000 manufacturing firms between 2003 and 2014. We find that, for productive firms, gains from trade are 20 percent larger in countries with liberal market economies than they are in coordinated market economies. Symmetrically, less productive firms in coordinated market economies experience significantly smaller revenue losses compared to liberal market economies. We show that both the presence of an institutionalized wage ceiling and the availability of subsidized vocational training are key mechanisms for reducing the reallocation of revenue from unproductive to productive firms in coordinated market economies compared to liberal market economies. In line with our theory, we find that wages and employment in liberalized industries increase differentially across both types of labor markets. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that trade liberalization triggers a differential demand for redistribution at the individual level across different labor markets, which is in line with our firm-level analysis.
Occupations creating joy for people living with advanced cancer: A qualitative descriptive study

Introduction For people living with advanced cancer, the possibilities for experiences of joy are seriously influenced by the consequences of the illness. Due to the limited expected lifetime, the need to support such experiences that may entail joy and contribute to quality of life are of importance. Research shows that people with advanced cancer experience quality of life through occupations they are able to perform and enjoy. The aim of this study was to describe which occupations contribute to joy for people living with advanced cancer and explore how they reflect upon these occupations during an occupational therapy intervention. Methods In total, 111 people with advanced cancer from the intervention group in a randomised controlled trial participated in the present study. Thirty-six of these participants were interviewed, and for 10 participants, this was combined with participant observations. A directed and a conventional content analysis were applied. Results 148 occupations contributing to joy were categorised into self-care, leisure and productivity. Most occupations were placed into leisure (89%). Participants had three distinct approaches to occupations contributing to joy: Finding solutions to maintain occupations contributing to joy; having an all or nothing approach; and hoping to resume occupations contributing to joy. Conclusion This study found a wide range of occupations contributing to joy and shows the importance of focusing on enabling leisure occupations for people living with advanced cancer. The wide range of occupations as well as participants’ approaches to occupations may be useful to inform future interventions to enable enjoyment for people living with advanced cancer.
Molten Salt Nanomaterials for Thermal Energy Storage and Concentrated Solar Power Applications

Molten Salt Nanomaterials for Thermal Energy Storage and Concentrated Solar Power Applications. (August 2011) Donghyun Shin, B.S., Hanyang University; M.S., Ohio University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Debjyoti Banerjee The thermal efficiency of concentrated solar power (CSP) system depends on the maximum operating temperature of the system which is determined by the operating temperature of the TES device. Organic materials (such as synthetic oil, fatty acid, or paraffin wax) are typically used for TES. This limits the operating temperature of CSP units to below 400 °C. Increasing the operating temperature to 560 °C (i.e., the creeping temperature of stainless steel), can enhance the theoretical thermal efficiency from 54% to 63%. However, very few thermal storage materials are compatible for these high temperatures. Molten salts are thermally stable up to 600 °C and beyond. Using the molten salts as the TES materials confers several benefits, which include: (1) Higher operating temperature can significantly increase the overall cycle efficiency and resulting costs of power production. (2) Low cost of the molten salt materials can drastically reduce the cost. (3) The molten salts, which are environmentally safe, can also reduce the potential environmental impact. However, these materials suffer from poor thermo-physical properties. Impregnating these materials with nanoparticles can enhance these properties.
Take and give learning model during covid on students' learning outcomes in high school on ecosystem materials?

Article Info ABSTRACT Article History: Received 15 September 2020 Revised 08 October 2020 Accepted 08 December 2020 Published 30 April 2021 Covid-19 has a big impact on the world of education so that face-to-face learning is directly replaced by virtual learning by using learning applications. The research was aimed to determine the influence of the Take and Give model on the learning outcomes of the ecosystem materials of Az-Zahra Islamic High School students grade X. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental method. Sampling from class X IPA was conducted equality test and random sampling technique. The cognitive learning instrument consisted of 20 multiple choice questions with five alternative answers that had a reliability score was 0.81. Research instruments were conducted validity tests and reliability tests. Analysis of hypothetical data was conducted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test obtained result was 0.000 that stated that there was an influence on the students' cognitive learning outcomes that given the take and give model based on virtual. The results showed that the influence of taking and give learning models based on virtual learning had a significant impact on the students' learning outcomes grade X on ecosystem materials, which were shown in the final test scores of the experimental class which was 82,500 with a high category ngain percentage was 52.8 and control class which was 76,111 with a moderate category n-gain percentage was 86.1. Based on research that applied the take and gives model can improve students' learning outcomes.
Teachers’ use of technology and the impact of Covid-19

Teaching online poses challenges for teachers trained primarily to work face to face. The Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown of schools has forced teachers to move online to ensure students continue their studies. This is not an easy transition and success depends on educators having the skills, knowledge, and competencies for online teaching. As part of the Adaptive and Inclusive Learning Environment (AILE) project, this study surveyed 38 primary and post-primary teachers in Ireland on their use of technology and the impact of Covid-19 on their work. The findings present teachers’ perceptions of their own skills and competencies and the challenges experienced in using technology. The research highlights the technological requirements for successful online teaching.
Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant

Abstract. Simamora AV, Hahuly MV, Henuk JBD. 2021. Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant. Biodiversitas 22: 2601-2609. In Indonesia, the cocoa tree is one of the essential cultivation crops for farmers. Despite the importance of cocoa cultivation in Indonesia's economy, the productivity of this crop has declined. Cocoa black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) is one of the most severe diseases affecting this crop worldwide, with average annual losses above 40%. Instead of using manufactured chemicals, biological control is an effective and eco-friendly alternative control measure against plant pathogens. This work aimed to assess the potential of endophytic fungi isolated from healthy cocoa pods to control Phytophthora palmivora in vitro and in vivo. Endophytic fungal isolates were classified based on the morphological characteristics of their cultures and reproductive structures. All isolates found were tested to inhibit P. palmivora in the dual culture method, and the best 10 isolates were continued for detached pod assay. Then, the best five isolates (Aspergillus4, Aspergillus5, Aspergillus6, Fusarium6, Ramichloridium sp.) were evaluated for their capability to reduce P. palmivora in cocoa seedlings and in the field plants. Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Ramichloridium showed maximum activity against P. palmivora in dual culture, pod, and seedling assays. Nevertheless, when all these five isolates were applied in the field, they did not suppress the disease development.
Hydroxymethylfurfural contents in foodstuffs determined by HPLC method

34 © 2006 VUP Food Research Institute, Bratislava The technological processes used in food production fundamentally impact on the nutritional and biological value of food and, in most cases, also on its sensory quality. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde) is a recognized indicator of reduced quality in numerous foods that contain carbohydrate [1]. This cyclic aldehyde is formed through the dehydration of hexoses and hexuloses in an acidic environment, or as the result of Maillard reactions and caramelisation. In acidic environments, HMF partly decomposes to levulinic acid (4-oxopentanoic acid) and formic acid [2, 3]. However, HMF formation is not li mited to foodstuffs with a high content of reducing carbohydrates or proteins. FALLICO et al. [4] have shown a correlation between HMF formation and the content of lipids and their oxidative products in roasted peanuts. ROCHA et al. [5] have even demonstrated HMF formation in the cork stoppers of food glass containers owing to the degradation of their cellulose content due to the technological process. The presence of HMF in foods is the result of excessive temperatures during heat treatment and inappropriate and long-term storage. HMF re duces the nutritional value of foods [1, 6-13]. Opinions on the cytotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of HMF vary [8, 14]. The U. S. Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program has HMF on the list of toxicological studies to be conducted – SCHMIDT and RODRICK [15]. The presence of HMF in honey has been known and monitored for a long time. The Czech legislation (Decree No. 76/2003 Coll. [16], as amended by Decree No. 43/2005 Coll. [17]) sets a maximum to the permitted concentration of this crucial parameter (40 mg.kg-1; this does not apply to honeys from tropical regions and mixtures of such honeys). The same limit value has also been defined in the international legislation for honey, namely by the European Honey Directive [18] and Codex Alimen tarius [19]. However, HMF can also be present in other foods containing carbohydrates in an acidic environment, and its concentration can reach considerable values. The objective of our study was to determine the HMF content in selected vegetable and fruit Hydroxymethylfurfural contents in foodstuffs determined by HPLC method
Chemical Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen Species in PM2.5 in Nanjing, China

Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) is an important component of PM2.5 which may affect air quality, climate and human health. Herein, one-year field samples of atmospheric PM2.5 (June 2017–May 2018) were collected in northern Nanjing. Chemical characterization of PM2.5 major components as well as WSON were conducted, and WSON composition and sources were further investigated via measurements by a Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) as well as positive matrix factorization (PMF). Inorganic ions, mainly consisting of ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate, were found to dominate PM2.5 mass (58.7%), followed by organic matter (OM) (22.6%), and elemental carbon (EC) (2.1%). Water-soluble OM dominated OM (65.1%), and its temporal variation was closely correlated with that of secondary organic matter, while time series of water-insoluble OM concentrations correlated tightly with that of primary organic matter. Average WSON concentration was 2.15 μg/m3, which was highest in winter and lowest in summer. Correlation analysis of WSON with PM2.5 components also indicated that WSON was mainly from secondary sources. SP-AMS revealed that WSON mass spectrum was composed of CxHyNp+ (91.2%) and CxHyOzNp+ (8.8%), indicating dominance of amines and other oxygenated ON compounds. PMF analysis resolved two primary sources (traffic, biomass burning) and two secondary sources (less-oxidized and more-oxidized factors) of WSOM and WSON, and the secondary source dominated both WSOM and WSON. Contribution of the more-oxidized ON factor was very high in winter, and the less-oxidized factor was significant in summer, indicating a likely important role of aqueous-phase processing in winter as well as photochemical oxidation in summer to WSON.
THE MODERATING ROLE OF POWER CULTURE IN THE EFFECT OF DARK LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICAL CLIMATE

Bu calismanin amaci, karanlik liderligin orgutsel etik iklim ile iliskisinde guc kulturunun duzenleyici bir rol ustlenip ustlenmedigini belirlemektir. Arastirma, Turkiye’nin dort buyuk ili olan Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir ve Adana’da faaliyet gosteren 4 ve 5 yildizli otel isletmelerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirma kapsaminda otel calisanlarindan elde edilen 794 anket kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore; karanlik liderligin alt boyutlari olan paranoyak liderlik (B=-0,415; p<0.05), narsis liderlik (B=-0,059; p<0.05), zorlayici liderlik (B=-0,097; p<0.05) ve pasif-agresif liderligin (B=-0,069; p<0.05) tumu, orgutsel etik iklim uzerinde negatif bir etkiye sahiptir. Bununla birlikte paranoyak liderlik ve pasif agresif liderligin etik iklim uzerine etkisinde guc kulturunun, duzenleyici bir etkiye sahip oldugu gorulmustur.
Human capital dynamics: the geographical mobility of high-school graduates towards university in Italy

ABSTRACT The paper studies the geographical mobility of high-school graduates who change their residence to enrol in university in Italy, a country with deep geographical socioeconomic cleavages. While the previous literature has mostly focused on interregional mobility, we define mobility at the provincial level in order to observe both long- and short-distance movements. Our descriptive results show that students’ geographical mobility follows the distribution of universities, while only long-distance mobility follows the socioeconomic cleavages of the country. Our micro-level model shows a positive effect of students’ social class of origin, gender and previous school performance. These effects are stronger in the south, while the effect of social class is the same over geographical areas.
Enzyme-substrate interactions and their influence on enzyme recycling strategies as a way of reusing cellulases

Relatively high enzyme loadings are required for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass, impeding the economical production of cellulosic sugars. The relative stability and robustness of these enzymes make enzyme recycling an attractive cost-reduction strategy. However, the efficiency of enzyme recycling has been limited by the complexity of enzyme-substrate interactions, which are influenced by enzyme, substrate, and physical factors. A lack of techniques to probe specific enzyme adsorption further limits our understanding of these interactions. Therefore, overcoming these challenges to better understand enzyme-substrate interactions is crucial if we are to improve the effectiveness of enzyme recycling strategies. Initial work compared various ways to assess enzyme adsorption during hydrolysis of steam pretreated corn stover (SPCS) using a complete commercial cellulase mixture. While the distribution of six individual enzymes could be followed, the initial approach used was laborious, highlighting the limitations of techniques used to quantify individual enzyme adsorption profiles. A quicker, more sensitive double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was subsequently developed, to follow Cel7A, Cel6A, and Cel7B adsorption during hydrolysis, and shown to agree with earlier results. As enzyme, substrate, and physical factors were known to affect enzyme recycling performance, their influence on individual enzyme adsorption was evaluated. Although the lignin present in the SPCS did not appear to influence enzyme adsorption (although Cel6A adsorbed more readily to the lignin-containing SPCS), cellulose allomorphs and crystallinity did appear to influence enzyme adsorption. The addition of Auxiliary Activity (AA) family 9, an oxidative enzyme, increased desorption of Cel7A, likely by increasing the substrate’s negative charge. The AA9 itself remained primarily in the supernatant, which highlighted the importance of recovering enzymes from both the liquid and solid phases of the reaction. The influence of glucose and ethanol on enzyme adsorption was evaluated, and a reduction in enzyme adsorption was observed at high glucose but not ethanol concentrations. When the addition of fresh substrate was assessed as one way to recover enzymes, by combining enzyme recycling at low glucose concentrations with enzyme supplementation, good overall cellulose hydrolysis (~70%) over 5 rounds of enzyme recycle could be achieved with a 50% reduction in enzyme loading.
“Who Is My Child?”—Implications of Judicial Rejection of Commune-Cultural Conceptions of the Family for Children’s Welfare in Nigeria

The question of family composition remains a subjective jurisprudence in various jurisdictions. In Nigeria, legislative and judicial responses to different family forms are generally broadening under the general law in cases where there is a biological link between family members. Yet, the findings of this article indicate that family formulation under certain commune-cultural models is rejected by the courts. This article appraised judicial responses to five of such frameworks and drew attention to the negative implications of the dismissive judicial attitude to the realization of children’s rights and protection of their socio-economic welfare. Its thesis is that it is antithetic to the expansive national legislative direction on family conception, international socio-legal thoughts on family relations and directly questions the sincerity of the state’s proclaimed constitutional policy/goal of catering to the welfare of all children.
Optimum Process Parameters and Thermal Properties of Moisture Content Reduction in Water Yam Drying

The determination of optimum process parameters for moisture content reduction in water yam drying using a hot air dryer was the aim of this work. Gravimetric method was used to determine the moisture content. Design of experiment was used with slice thickness, airspeed and temperature as the independent factors. Thermal properties such as effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy were determined. The result showed that slice thickness, airspeed and temperature have significant influence on the moisture content reduction. The effective moisture diffusivity ranged from 2.84 x 10 -5 m 2 /s to 8.10 x 10 -5 m 2 /s. The activation energy was 30.592kJ/mol. Minimum moisture content value of 11.98% was obtained at slice thickness of 2mm, airspeed of 2 m/s and temperature of 70 o C. The quadratic model best described the drying process. The hot air dryer can conveniently be used for moisture content reduction in water yam slices which will increase its shelf life.
Impact of organic molecular structure on the estimation of atmospherically relevant physicochemical parameters

Abstract. Many methods are currently available for estimating physicochemical properties of atmospherically relevant compounds. Though a substantial body of literature has focused on the development and intercomparison of methods based on molecular structure, there has been an increasing focus on methods based only on molecular formula. However, prior work has not quantified the extent to which isomers of the same formula may differ in their properties or, relatedly, the extent to which lacking or ignoring molecular structure degrades estimates of parameters. Such an evaluation is complicated by the fact that structure-based methods bear significant uncertainty and are typically not well constrained for atmospherically relevant molecules. Using species produced in the modeled atmospheric oxidation of three representative atmospheric hydrocarbons, we demonstrate here that estimated differences between isomers are greater than differences between three widely used estimation methods. Specifically, isomers tend to differ in their estimated vapor pressures and Henry's law constants by a half to a full order of magnitude greater than differences between estimation methods, and they differ in their rate constant for reaction with OH radicals ( kOH ) by a factor of 2. Formula-based estimation of these parameters, using certain methods, is shown to agree with structure-based estimates with little bias and approximately normally distributed error. Specifically, vapor pressure can be estimated using a combination of two existing methods, Henry's law constants can be estimated based on vapor pressure, and kOH can be approximated as a constant for all formulas containing a given set of elements. Formula-based estimation is, therefore, reasonable when applied to a mixture of isomers but creates uncertainty commensurate with the lack of structural information.
Characterization of Pollutant Emissions from Typical Material Handling Equipment Using a Portable Emission Measurement System

Non-road equipment has been an important source of pollutants that negatively affect air quality in China. An accurate emission inventory for non-road equipment is therefore required to improve air quality. The objective of this paper was to characterize emissions from typical diesel-fueled material handling equipment (loaders and cranes) using a portable emission measurement system. Instantaneous, modal, and composite emissions were quantified in this study. Three duty modes (idling, moving, and working) were used. Composite emission factors were estimated using modal emissions and time-fractions for typical duty cycles. Results showed that emissions from loaders and cranes were higher and more variable for the moving and working modes than the idling mode. The estimated fuel-based CO, HC, NO, and PM2.5 composite emission factors were 21.7, 2.7, 38.2, and 3.6 g/(kg-fuel), respectively, for loaders, and 8.7, 2.4, 28.3, and 0.3 g/(kg-fuel), respectively, for cranes. NO emissions were highest and should be the main focus for emission controls. CO, HC, NO, and PM2.5 emissions measured were different from emission factors in the US Environmental Protection Agency NONROAD model and the Chinese National Guideline for Emission Inventory Development for Non-Road Equipment. This indicates that improving emission inventory accuracy for non-road equipment requires more real-world emission measurements.