Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial effect of isolated compound of Anadelphia afzeliana (Rendle) Stapf on selected wood fungi and bacteria in Makurdi, Nigeria

Anadelphia afzeliana was assessed for antimicrobial activity as an alternative to synthetic chemicals. A. afzeliana was collected from Orkar village, Gboko, Benue State. The specimen was pulverized. Methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents were used for extraction. Each solvent measured 1800 ml was added to 300 g of A. afzeliana . The mixture was left to soak for 48 hours. Extract was filtered and allowed to dry by evaporation. Dried extract was mixed with silica gel to run column chromatography. Compounds were analysed by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Concentrations of 200, 100, 50 and 12.5 μg/m were constituted for antimicrobial sensitive test on ten wood bacteria and nine fungi. NMR showed the presence of stigmasterol (C 29 H 48 O). Antifungal test revealed A. fumigatus , C. puteana , G. sepiarium , P. schweinitzii , Rhizopus spp. and S. rolfsii as sensitive to stigmasterol at zones of inhibition (ZOI) of 19, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 20mm, respectively. Antibacterial showed A. proteobacteria , B. subtilis , B. proteobacteria , E. faecium , E. coli , P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis sensitive at ZOI of 30, 28, 29, 26, 27, 23, and 23 mm, respectively. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/ml completely inhibited Alpha proteobacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Beta proteobacteria while Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 50 μg/ml completely killed A. proteobacteria , B. subtilis , and B. proteobacteria . MIC of stigmasterol at 50 μg/ml completely inhibited Coniophora puteana , Gloeophyllum sepiarium , Phaeolus schweinitzii , Rhizopus spp. and Sclerotium rolfsii while at 100 μg/ml of Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), Phaeolus schweinitzii and Rhizopus spp. were completely killed. A. afzeliana proved potent in the control of wood fungi and bacteria. MFC and MBC for tested pathogens were observed to be most effective at 50 μg/ml and is therefore recommended as concentration for A. afzeliana compound in the control of fungi and bacteria infections. Keywords: Anadelphia afzeliana , bacteria, fungi, stigmasterol, sensitive, resistant
Primary stability of dental implant: a review

Dental implant is considered to be one of the most successful methods for teeth replacement and needs stability for achieving a successful implant such as the primary stability that comes after implant placement and considered as a gold standard for a successful implant. The present review aimed to outline the essential factors impacting the primary stability of dental implants and to show the impact of varied surface treatments on titanium dental implants. The implant stability was measured according to the periotest values and implant stability quotient of Osstell’s resonance frequency analysis. The primary stabilization of implants is negatively affected by the presence of guided bone regeneration. The geometrical factors of implants, such as shape, length, and diameter, may impact the primary implant stability. Furthermore, increasing the length and diameter of the implant had significantly increased the primary stability. Therefore, in the cases of low bone quality, it is advisable to avoid using narrow platform implants, and it is preferred to do different guided bone regeneration techniques according to pre-surgical evaluation as well as to the surgical situation that played a crucial role in the stability of the primary implant, for example, osteotome technique, piezoelectric surgery, low-level laser therapy, and flapless procedure. Osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, and smoking are considered as questionable aspects of dental implant placement.
The Effects of Interruption Relevance and Complexity on Primary Task Resumption and Mental Demand

THE EFFECTS OF INTERRUPTION RELEVANCE AND COMPLEXITY ON PRIMARY TASK RESUMPTION AND MENTAL DEMAND Brandon Allan Fluegel Old Dominion University, 2020 Director: Dr. Mark W. Scerbo In the present study, undergraduate students viewed patient charts and entered numerical values from these charts into a medical record database. They were unexpectedly interrupted by secondary tasks that differed in relevance and complexity. The secondary tasks varied by whether they facilitated or inhibited (i.e., relevant or irrelevant) rehearsal of the suspended task and whether they placed a demand on working memory (i.e., high complexity or low complexity). The primary measures of interest were the duration of time needed to resume the primary task and perceived mental demand. The Memory for Goals model (Altmann & Trafton, 2002) predicts that task relevant interruptions would lead to faster task resumptions, when compared to task-irrelevant interruptions. The Time-Based Resource Sharing model (Barrouillet, 2007) predicts that high complexity interruptions would lead to slower task resumptions and higher perceived mental demand, when compared to moderate and low complexity interruptions. Alternatively, the Memory for Problem States model (Borst, 2015) predicts that high complexity and moderate complexity interruptions would not lead to significant differences in task resumption speed. Results revealed two important findings. First, participants resumed the primary task faster and reported lower perceived mental demand following relevant interruptions, when compared to irrelevant interruptions. Second, as the magnitude of interruption complexity increased, participants resumed the primary task slower and reported higher perceived mental demand. Thus, the findings offered support for the Memory for Goals and Time-Based Resource Sharing models, but not the Memory for Problem States model. In general, the current research illustrates the importance of minimizing the demand on attentional resources when interrupting individuals during the performance of visuospatial tasks, particularly when the interruption is irrelevant to the suspended primary task.
Interest rate caps on microcredit: evidence from a natural experiment in Bolivia

ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the imposition of caps on microcredit lending rates through credit policies for productive sectors. This financial inclusion intervention provides a unique quasi-experiment, allowing to estimate its effect following a difference-in-differences analysis. Our results suggest that the imposition of interest rate ceilings negatively affected the portfolio balance of new microcredits and loans to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) granted by Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs). The balance of the microcredit and SME loans portfolio granted by MFIs, relative to the company portfolio granted by banks, decreased by 26.1% for an average MFI for the period 2011-2018.
Effect of silymarin and ochratoxin A on humoral natural immunity of broiler chickens

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Silymarin on serum lysozyme concentrations, complement and betalysin activity in broiler chickens. In this experiment 144 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used. All chicks were divided in four groups of 36 birds each: Group 1: Basal diet (BD) with no supplementation of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Silymarin; Group 2: BD with 1.0% Silymarin; Group 3: BD with 3.0 mg/kg OTA; Group 4: BD with 3.0 mg/kg OTA plus 1.0% Silymarin. It was found that lysozyme concentration in the 2nd group there is a significant difference to groups 3 and 4. The immunosuppressive effect of Ochratoxin A is underlined but no protective effect of Silymarin in the group 4 was found. The alternative pathway of complement activation (APCA) is affected in the group 4. Betalysine there is a significant decreasing in the group 3 but slightly increasing of Betalysine in 4th group. Based on these results it can be concluded that OTA there is an immunosuppressive effect on the studied traits and there is a positive effect of Silymarin only on serum betalysine.
Modeling Location Choice of Taxi Drivers for Passenger Pickup Using GPS Data

Recently, the traditional taxi industry has been struggling to keep its market share, especially with the emergence of new transport network companies (e.g., Uber). One of the problems with traditional taxi services is the difficulty of matching the taxi demand to its supply when there is no phone-booking or other reservation system. From that perspective, the taxi driver? s experience is important in reaching the next passenger. A taxi driver with limited experience may not know the high-demand locations and times of taxi stands or street sections to visit after dropping off a passenger. This causes a large number of vacant taxi drivers to regularly cruise the roads to search for a passenger, contributing to congestion, pollution, and resource waste. We formulate the problem of a taxi driver? s next passenger pickup location as a destination choice problem. Vacant taxi trips between drop-off and pickup points are extracted from GPS records obtained from a taxi operator in Lisbon, Portugal, to understand the travel behavior of vacant taxi drivers. We have estimated destination choice models with a multinomial logit and a nested logit structure. It was found that passenger demand at the pickup area, hotspot locations, service location preference, and major transport hubs positively influence a taxi driver? s next choice of passenger pickup location. Results of this study provide insight regarding the factors that explain a taxi driver? s probability to choose a certain zone within a set of passenger pickup zones, contributing to a better understanding of taxi driver travel behavior.
Testing Safe Haven Property of Bitcoin and Gold during Covid-19 : Evidence from Multivariate GARCH analysis

We test the safe-haven property of Gold and Bitcoin against equity markets (NSE50, DJIA, SSE, and CAC40) in the backdrop of Covid-19. We employ two multivariate volatility models, namely DCC and cDCC GARCH for analytical purposes. We find both Gold and Bitcoin to be negligibly correlated with equity returns most of the time. However, we observe a positive correlation during the initial phase of Covid-19. The results suggest that both Gold and Bitcoin exhibit the safe-haven property overall. However, during Covid-19, the safe-haven property of both Bitcoin and Gold is found to be partially compromised. We find Gold to exhibit relatively better safe-haven properties.
Energy Requirement for Growing Mink Fed on Diets of Different Energy Levels

Ying Yang 1,2,3, Tietao Zhang 1,2,3, Min Rong 1,2,3, JiaPing Xu 1,2,3 and Xiumei Xing 1,2,3* 1Institution of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, Changchun, Jilin, China 2State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Changchun, Jilin, China 3Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Changchun, Jilin, China Article Information Received 05 June 2019 Revised 29 July 2019 Accepted 11 September 2019 Available online 07 October 2020
Voluntary Disclosure of Stock Performance in Management Reports: Italian Evidence

We explore financial information disclosure patterns of firms with high and low stock performance. In particular, the paper focuses on voluntary disclosure of stock performance in the Management report, the narrative section of annual report. We conducted an empirical analysis on a sample of Italian listed companies. We found that companies with high stock performance are more likely to voluntarily disclose this information. Thus, confirming that companies may select information to disclose in the framework of impression management.
Community Preparedness Policy Model in the Adaptation for Danger and Risk of Kaba Volcano Eruption Selupurejang Sub-District

As a disaster prone area, community preparedness is needed in the adaptation for danger and risk of volcanic disasters. This study aims to formulate community preparedness policy model in the adaptation for danger and risk of Kaba volcano eruption. This research is classified as a combination research (mixed methods). The data is processed and analyzed by AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The results of this research showed that the community preparedness policy model in the adaptation for danger and risk of Kaba volcano eruption is as follows: aspects of compiling the zone of danger and risk (39.1), mapping the zone of danger and risk (23.0), does not build in the danger zone (13.3), does not carry out agricultural activities in the danger zone (10.2).
The potential of intelligent food packaging application in the market of AP Vojvodina

The aim of the paper was to analyze the potential of using intelligent food packaging in the market of AP Vojvodina. In the theoretical part of the paper, the basic properties of intelligent packaging and its importance in the process of packaging food products are presented. Particularly, the communication of intelligent packaging and packaged product with final consumers through the use of various sensors, data carrier devices and indicators is emphasized. On the basis of theoretical analysis, external limitations and advantages of using intelligent food packaging for final consumers and participants of the food supply chain are defined. In the empirical part of the paper, research was conducted on two stratified samples. The first stratum included 117 final consumers who were questioned about the importance of intelligent packaging for their habits, decisions and expectations in the food purchasing process. In the second stratum, consisting of participants in the food supply chain, on a sample of 51 companies, the external factors of limitation and expected benefits from the application of intelligent food packaging in the AP Vojvodina market were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the habits and expectations of final consumers are statistically significant in relation to the use of intelligent packaging in the food purchasing process. On the other hand, external limitations and expected advantages for food supply chain participants have a significant impact on the implementation of intelligent technology in food packaging. Based on the results obtained, a set of measures and incentives have been defined which the competent institutions and supply chain management have to take in order to benefit from the potential of intelligent food packaging. Suggestions for future research are outlined in the paper.
The soft-tissue restraints of the knee and its balancing capacity in total knee arthroplasty procedures

Total knee arthroplasty is a successful surgical treatment for patients with severe knee joint arthrosis. However, restoring soft-tissue function is a major challenge. Depending on the positioning of the prosthesis, the implantation procedure and the pathology of the patient, it is necessary to adjust the soft-tissue structures of the joint in order to restore the function of the knee. The assessment and adaptation of the soft-tissue envelope is a subjective process that is strongly dependent on the surgeon. This dissertation addresses these challenges and seeks quantitative guidelines for softtissue management based on a meta-analysis of the laxity of the natural knee joint. A further aim of the present study was to clarify in the scope of in-vitro investigations to what extent the loosening and removal of individual structures alters joint laxity and how far the joint can be balanced by targeted resection of soft-tissue structures. In addition, in-silico investigations within the scope of this thesis form the basis for a numerical tool to better understand the function of the ligaments and to better plan soft-tissue balancing preoperatively in the future. The investigations of the natural laxity of the knee joint in di↵erent flexion angles and loading directions by utilizing a meta-analysis show a strong dependency of the joint laxity on the flexion angle. Furthermore, the results show a distinct asymmetry of joint laxity when comparing translations in opposite directions within a certain degree of freedom. The data collected provide the surgeon with quantitative target parameters for natural soft-tissue balancing in knee arthroplasty procedures. The in-vitro investigations on 19 human knee specimens show that the restoration of softtissue function of the knee after arthroplasty cannot be achieved by kinematic alignment alone. The use of a bicruciate-retaining knee arthroplasty is the only way to keep the anterior and posterior stability of the joint in balance. To correct varus deformities, balancing of the medial collateral ligament appears to be a safe method. Correction of valgus laxity can be achieved by partially or completely resecting the lateral collateral ligament, however this increases the risk of instability in joint flexion. Within the scope of this work, subject-specific multi-body simulation models could be developed with which the laxity of the knee joint can be predicted, especially for low flexion angles. The presented procedure for the approximation of the ligament attachment sites represents a time-saving alternative to the segmentation of the attachments in MRI imgaes.
Effect of methanol seed extract of Buchholzia coriacea on the leftventricle myocardium ofzidovudine-induced cardiotoxic Wistar rats

The degenerative and inflammatory changes were reported in cardiac tissues of rats exposed to zidovudine (ZDV). This study was designed to ex-amine the histochemical changes in the myocardi-um of adult Wistar rats exposed to ZDV and ad-ministered with methanolic extract of Buchholzia coriacea (MEBC) seed. Forty-eight healthy Wistar rats weighing 150-155 g. were randomly assigned into eight groups of six rats each. Group A served as control and received distilled water; group B received 100 mg/kg of ZDV; group C received 600 mg/kg of MEBC; group D received 100 mg/kg of vitamin C; group E received 100 mg/kg of vitamin C and ZDV; group F received 150 mg/kg of MEBC and 100 mg/kg of ZDV; group G received 300 mg/kg of MEBC and 100 mg/kg of ZDV, and group H received 600 mg/kg of MEBC and 100 mg/kg of ZDV. Treatment lasted for a period of 56 days. Blood was collected separately into clean capped plain tubes for biochemical parameters. Heartswere excised, fixed in 10% formal saline and pro-cessed for histology. ZDV induced a significant increase in the serum concentration of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) in the ZDV-alone group when compared to control (p<0.05). Also, there was reduction in activity of the Glutathi-one reductase (GR) enzyme in the ZDV-alone group relative to control (P=0.0006, F=7.0). Distor-tion of the cross banding pattern of cardiac muscle fibres in ZDV-alone group was manifested. These effects were reversed by administration of MEBC compared to vitamin C group.
Accurate estimation of fish length in single camera photogrammetry with a fiducial marker

Videogrammetry and photogrammetry are increasingly being used in marine science for unsupervised data collection. The camera systems employed are complex, in contrast to “consumer” digital cameras and smartphones carried by potential citizen scientists. However, using consumer cameras in photogrammetry will introduce unknown length estimation errors through both the image acquisition process and lens distortion. This study presents a methodology to achieve accurate 2-dimensional (2-D) total length (TL) estimates of fish without specialist equipment or proprietary software. Photographs of fish were captured with an action camera using a background fiducial marker, a foreground fiducial marker and a laser marker. The geometric properties of the lens were modelled with OpenCV to correct image distortion. TL estimates were corrected for parallax effects using an algorithm requiring only the initial length estimate and known fish morphometric relationships. Correcting image distortion decreased RMSE by 96% and the percentage mean bias error (%MBE) by 50%. Correcting for parallax effects achieved a %MBE of −0.6%. This study demonstrates that the morphometric measurement of different species can be accurately estimated without the need for complex camera equipment, making it particularly suitable for deployment in citizen science and other volunteer-based data collection endeavours.
Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium in calves from rural settlements in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

The study was conducted on 25 properties of the settlements São José I and Salvador, located in the municipalities of Brejo Alegre and Birigui, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. A record of variables was elaborated and included data such as gender, breed and age of the animals. A total of 231 stool samples were collected from bovines aged one to six months, 128 being females and 103 males, 131 crossbred and 100 Holstein. Among the 231 samples, 17 (7.36%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. both by malachite green negative staining and by nested-PCR. Of the 17 positive samples, 14 were sequenced in agarose gel. These sequences were detected between 99% and 100% of genetic similarity for the following species. One sequence was similar to C. parvum (AB513880.1), one to C. bovis (MF074602.1), two to C. ryanae (KT922233.1), one to C. felis (KM977642.1) and nine were similar for C. andersoni reference MF350628. C. andersoni was found in animals aged 2–6 months, an age group which is different from those described by several authors. The presence of C. parvum indicates that the calves in the studied region should be considered a potential source for zoonotic transmission. For the first time to our knowledge, C. felis was identified in cattle in America.
Selectivity profiles of recently arrived refugees and labour migrants in Germany

Migrant selectivity refers to the idea that immigrants differ in certain characteristics from individuals who stay behind in their country of origin. In this article, we describe the selectivity profiles of recent migrants to Germany with respect to educational attainment, age and sex. We illustrate how refugees differ from labour migrants, and we compare the profiles of Syrian refugees who successfully completed the long journey to Europe to Syrian refugees who settled in neighbouring Lebanon or Jordan. We rely on destination-country data from the IAB-BAMF-GSOEP Survey of Refugees, the Arab Barometer, and the German Microcensus, as well as on a broad range of origin-country data sources. Regarding sex selectivity, males dominate among refugees in Germany, while among economic migrants, sex distributions are more balanced. Relative to their societies of origin, labour migrants are younger than refugees. At the same time, both types of migrants are drawn from the younger segments of their origin populations. In terms of educational attainment, many refugees compare rather poorly with average Germans’ attainment, but well when compared to their origin populations. The educational profiles for labour migrants are mixed. Finally, Syrians who settle in Germany are younger, more likely to be male and relatively better educated than Syrians migrating to Jordan or Lebanon.