Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Buoyancy modelling with incompressible SPH for laminar and turbulent flows

This work aims to model buoyant, laminar or turbulent flows, using a two‐dimensional incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics model with accurate wall boundary conditions. The buoyancy effects are modelled through the Boussinesq approximation coupled to a heat equation, which makes it possible to apply an incompressible algorithm to compute the pressure field from a Poisson equation. Based on our previous work [1], we extend the unified semi‐analytical wall boundary conditions to the present model. The latter is also combined to a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes approach to treat turbulent flows. The k − ϵ turbulence model is used, where buoyancy is modelled through an additional term in the k − ϵ equations like in mesh‐based methods. We propose a unified framework to prescribe isothermal (Dirichlet) or to impose heat flux (Neumann) wall boundary conditions in incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics. To illustrate this, a theoretical case is presented (laminar heated Poiseuille flow), where excellent agreement with the theoretical solution is obtained. Several benchmark cases are then proposed: a lock‐exchange flow, two laminar and one turbulent flow in differentially heated cavities, and finally a turbulent heated Poiseuille flow. Comparisons are provided with a finite volume approach using an open‐source industrial code. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Double-Moment Multiple-Phase Four-Class Bulk Ice Scheme. Part I: Description

Abstract A detailed ice-phase bulk microphysical scheme has been developed for simulating the hydrometeor distributions of convective and stratiform precipitation in different large-scale environmental conditions. The proposed scheme involves 90 distinct microphysical processes, which predict the mixing ratios and the number concentrations of small ice crystals, snow, graupel, and frozen drops/hail, as well as the mixing ratios of liquid water on wet precipitation ice (snow, graupel, frozen drops). The number of adjustable coefficients has been significantly reduced in comparison with other bulk schemes. Additional improvements have been made to the parameterization in the following areas: 1) representing small ice crystals with nonzero terminal fall velocities and dispersive size distributions, 2) accurate and computationally efficient calculations of precipitation collection processes, 3) reformulating the collection equation to prevent unrealistically large accretion rates, 4) more realistic conversion.
Superelastic cross sections in e − - H 2 scattering

We present superelastic cross sections of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ by electron impact. Our results, obtained with the Schwinger multichannel method, include cross sections for the c${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}_{\mathrm{u}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow} X${\mathrm{}}^{1}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathrm{g}}^{(+)}$, c${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}_{\mathrm{u}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow} b${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathrm{u}}^{(+)}$, c${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}_{\mathrm{u}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow} a${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathrm{g}}^{(+)}$, and elastic c${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}_{\mathrm{u}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow} c${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}_{\mathrm{u}}$ transitions. The calculated cross sections are very large, indicating their importance in the modeling of discharge environments. We also investigate the dependence of these cross sections on the internuclear separation of the H atoms and on different approximations of the target wave function. To assess the role of the exchange potential in these processes, we also present the corresponding polarization fractions.
Space-dependent resonance self-shielding

A new method is developed to determine space-dependent, self-shielded cross sections for resonance nuclides with no overlapping resonances, contained in an arbitrarily shaped absorber body within some general lattice configuration. The theoretical basis for the method is discussed, and analytical expressions are presented for the space-dependent flux spectrum in the vicinity of an isolated resonance and for the space-dependent variation in the shielded resonance integral and multigroup cross section. The shielded cross-section expressions contain space-dependent, weighted escape probabilities that correspond to the weighted average of the energy-dependent escape probability over each energy group. The method is implemented in an assembly lattice physics code, and results are compared to those obtained with a highly accurate transport theory calculation that uses pointwise cross-section data. The method gives good agreement for the radial variation in the self-shielded cross section through a boiling water reactor fuel pellet.
Which Random Walk Best Portrays the Dynamics of the Japanese Yen?

type="main"> Previous empirical studies have, in general, found that a random walk provides an appropriate description of the exchange rate dynamics. What remains at issue is how the error term of the random walk should be parameterised. This study takes an entirely different approach to examining the exchange rate dynamics. Specifically, we employ the bootstrapping technique, coupled with two popular investment strategies, to investigate which of the following nine random walks best portrays the dynamics of the Japanese yen: a random walk whose error term is independent and identically distributed, four random walks whose error terms are ARCH-parameterised, and four random walks whose error terms are GARCH-parameterised. Using daily yen data from 1991 to 2010, our results show that, of the nine processes, the GARCH(1,1) random walk best portrays the yen over the said period.
Large-Eddy Simulation of a Swirling Diffusion Flame Using a SOM SGS Combustion Model

Swirling flows and methane–air swirling diffusion combustion are studied by large-eddy simulation (LES) using a Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulence model, a second-order moment (SOM) SGS combustion model, proposed by the present authors, and an eddy-break-up (EBU) combustion model used by some investigators. The LES statistical results are compared with the experimental results and the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling results using the Reynolds stress equation model and the SOM combustion model. For swirling flows, the LES statistical results give better agreement with the experimental results than the RANS modeling, indicating that the adopted SGS turbulence model is suitable for swirling flows. For swirling combustion, both the SOM SGS combustion model and the RANS-SOM model give results in good agreement with the experimental results, but the LES-EBU modeling results are not in agreement with the experimental results. The LES instantaneous results show large vortices formed in the shear layer and a complex vortex shedding pattern in the downstream region. It is shown that combustion weakens the vortex structures, combustion is intensified by the coherent structures, and swirl thickens the flame front.
Non-Gaussian distribution and clustering of hot and cold pixels in the five-year WMAP sky

We present measurements of the clustering of hot and cold patches in the microwave background sky as measured from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 5-year data. These measurements are compared with theoretical predictions which assume that the cosmological signal obeys Gaussian statistics. We find significant differences from the simplest Gaussian-based prediction. However, the measurements are sensitive to the fact that the noise is spatially inhomogeneous (e.g. because different parts of the sky were observed for different lengths of time). We show how to account for this spatial inhomogeneity when making predictions. Differences from the Gaussian-based expectation remain even after this more careful accounting of the noise. In particular, we note that hot and cold pixels cluster differently within the same temperature thresholds at few-degree scales. While these findings may indicate primordial non-Gaussianity, we discuss other plausible explanations for these discrepancies. In addition, we find some deviations from Gaussianity at sub-degree scales, especially in the W band, whose origin may be associated with extragalactic dust emission.
A FEW REMARKS ON BRYC'S PAPER ON RANDOM FIELDS WITH LINEAR REGRESSIONS

There exists a considerableliterature dealing with stochasticprocesses with linear regressions and quadratic second conditional moments (forreferencessee Chapter8in [2]). In oneof the recentpapersonthis subject,Bryc [3]usedorthogonalpolynomials to analyzeandidentify one-dimensionaldistributionsof such processes.The aim of this note is to carry out a thorough analysis of the condition deﬁningﬁrst conditional moments in Bryc’s paper ([3], condition (1)). This will make itpossible to omit some of the assumptions from [3] and give an alternative, simplerproof of a result contained therein.Let
Study of Co2+ in different crystal field environments

We consider the ESR of Co2+ in different environments: in an regular octahedron (Co2+ in a MgO crystal), in a deformed octahedron (Co2+ in single crystals and powder samples of NH4NiPO4.6H2O) or in a trigonal bipyramid (Co2+ in powders of Co2(OH)PO4 and Co2(OH)AsO4). We study the effect of the non-cubic crystal fields in the ESR of Co2+ in the deformed octahedron, by employing the normal modes of this structure to simplify the systematic study of the effect of these fields. A similar study was done for the deformed trigonal bipiramid, and it was necessary to derive the normal modes of this complex that are relevant to our problem.
Equatorial Kelvin Waves Observed with GPS Occultation Measurements (CHAMP and SAC-C)

Structure and propagation of equatorial Kelvin waves during May 2001 and December 2002 are observed from the temperature profiles in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere using CHAMP and SAC-C GPS radio occultation data. Kelvin waves derived from temperature fluctuations characterize eastward phase propagation in time-longitude section and eastward phase tilts with height in altitude- longitude section between 10 and 30 km. The phase progression spans the range indicating the continuity of Kelvin waves from the upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere. Results show that near the tropopause, Kelvin waves fluctuate temperature by 2 K in general, with wave periods of 12.5-14 days for zonal wave number 1 and 9.3-11.0 days for wave number 2, and vertical wavelengths of 7.6- 8.5 km in 2001 and of 4.4-5.8 km in 2002.
Investigation of the Start Transient in a Hall Thruster

A two dimensional axisymmetric fully kinetic Particle‐in‐Cell/Monte Carlo Collision (PIC‐MCC) model is used to describe the ignition process in a Hall thruster. A current peak and latter the periodic oscillation of current and electric potential are found. The corresponding evolutions of plasma density, electric potential and atom density during the ignition process are introduced in the paper. In addition, influences of mass flow rate and discharge potential on current peak are modeled and analyzed. The simulated results are consistent with former experimental results. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
To What Class of Fractals Does the Alexander-Orbach Conjecture Apply?

Discussion de la decouverte numerique recente d'Alexander et Orbach selon laquelle, pour un agregat infini naissant en percolation le rapport d f /d w (dimension «fractale» de l'agregat/dimension «fractale» d'une marche aleatoire dans l'agregat) est approximativement independant de d pour d>1
A Group Acceptance Sampling Plan for Weighted Binomial on Truncated Life Tests Using Exponential and Weibull Distributions

In this paper, a group acceptance sampling plan using weighted binomial is developed for a truncated life test when the lifetime of an item follows exponential and Weibull distributions. The minimum number of groups required for a given group size and the acceptance number is determined when the consumer’s risk and the test termination time are specified. The operating characteristic values according to various quality levels are obtained. The results are explained with examples.
Horticultural Practices in Early Spring to Mitigate the Adverse Effect of Low Temperature on Fruit Set in ‘Lapins’ Sweet Cherry

Yield of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is determined by fruit set, a developmental stage sensitive to variable spring environmental conditions. To sustain fruit production and enhance crop climate resilience, it is important to understand the impacts of abiotic stresses and the effectiveness of horticultural mitigations in the spring on the critical developmental processes during fruit set. In this study, flowering phenology, pistil browning and percent fruit set of ‘Lapins’ were monitored at five sites of different elevation and frost risk in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada, in 2019 and 2022. At Site 1 in Summerland Research and Development Centre (“SuRDC1”), where a ‘Lapins’ on Krymsk 5 planting was located in a frost pocket where the crops were exposed to high risk of cold damage in the spring, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the floral organ viability and percent fruit set under low temperatures, and under the effects of four spring horticultural mitigation measures. Installation of polyethylene sleeves and FAME spray (fatty acid methyl esters-based plant growth regulator, WAIKEN, SST Australia) were implemented in 2019; boric acid spray and postponed irrigation were tested in 2022. Low fruit set at SuRDC1 in both years was associated with severe pistil browning after night temperature dropped below −4 °C in late April. In 2019, the semi-enclosure of polyethylene sleeves led to an increase in the surface temperature (Tsurfae) of floral buds by 2–4 °C, which prolonged the stage of first bloom, delayed petal fall and prevented frost damage on pistils, but led to the decrease in percent fruit set by 77%, due to ovule abortion or cessation of fruitlet development. The early and late sprays of FAME had no significant influence on either abundance of germinated pollen tubes or percent fruit set; however, the potential of late spray in improving pollen abundance and reducing pistil browning requires further investigation. In 2022, the spray of 0.01% boric acid solution led to a decrease in fruit set by 6.95%. Six-week postponement of irrigation starting from full bloom decreased soil moisture, but increased soil temperature and improved fruit set by 7.61%. The results improved our understanding about the damages of adverse spring air temperatures on pistils and ovules, and suggested the potential of irrigation adjustment in regulating soil moisture and temperature and improving fruit set in the cool and moist spring.
Evaluation and clinical significance of predictors for strangulation and intestinal resection in emergency anterior abdominal wall hernia surgery

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Emergency anterior abdominal wall hernia surgery plays a pivotal role in emergency general surgery practice. In this study, the predictive value of laboratory and imaging findings as well as demographic information and comorbidities of the patients for the recognition of strangulation and intestinal resection was investigated. METHODS: Patients over the age of 18 who were operated consecutively with an indication for emergency anterior abdominal wall hernia surgery between January 2017 and December 2019 in a single tertiary hospital were included in this retrospective cohort study. The patient population was divided into two groups according to the pre-operative findings during the emergency anterior abdominal wall hernia surgery. Group 1 consisted of cases with incarceration but without strangulation, whereas Group 2 consisted of cases with strangulation in addition to incarceration. Moreover, in evaluation for the requirement for intestinal resection, patient Group 2 was divided further into two groups, namely, as Group (1 or 2) a and Group (1 or 2) b, defining the need for intestinal resection. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients who had emergency anterior abdominal wall repair surgery due to incarcerated hernias were included in the study. The evaluation of the indices related to systemic inflammation revealed that lactate dehydrogenase to white blood cell ratio was significantly lower but neutrophil to platelet and neutrophil to albumin ratios were significantly higher in patients with strangulation, showing the significance of those systemic inflammation indices in detecting strangulation (p=0.027, p=0.035 and p=0.030, respectively). Moreover, the analysis of the patients in whom intestinal resection was required (Group 2a vs. 2b) exposed that neutrophil to albumin ratio was significantly higher in the patients with intestinal resection (p=0.036). CONCLUSION: Indices of systemic inflammation such as lactate dehydrogenase to white blood cell ratio, neutrophil to platelet ratio, and particularly neutrophil to albumin ratio may be potentially beneficial to prevent complications and improve clinical outcomes in emergency hernia surgery.
Control and Fairness: What Determines Elected Local Leaders’ Support for Hosting Refugees in Their Community?

When it comes to successful refugee reception, the local level matters. Research overwhelmingly examines host communities’ attitudes, but endorsement from local politicians is equally important to resolving conflicts and facilitating harmonious interaction. Yet the preferences of local leaders and their willingness to support the resettlement process are understudied. We conduct the first-ever conjoint experiment on a representative sample of local elected leaders in Greece, a heavily affected country with many active host sites. We elicit elite preferences regarding refugee resettlement and find that local leaders are more likely to support it if they are involved in the process and can control the frequency and intensity of local-refugee interactions. Overall, our results suggest that processes enabling elites to control “exposure,” when combined with fair-share allocations schemes, can facilitate future resettlement. Such processes, however, introduce new humanitarian concerns and debates about refugee mobility.
Validation of LWR fuel depletion calculation module of reactor physics code system CBZ

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of validation calculations of the nuclear fuel depletion calculation module of the CBZ reactor physics code system, CBZ/Burner. Validation calculations were conducted using the post irradiation examination data obtained at Fukushima-Daini Unit 2 and at Takahama Unit 3. The nuclide number densities calculated with CBZ/Burner were compared with the measurement values, and generally good agreement was obtained. The sensitivity coefficients of the nuclide number densities with respect to nuclear data were calculated for all concerned nuclides with the depletion perturbation calculation capability of CBZ/Burner, and the nuclear data-induced uncertainties of the nuclide number densities were quantified. From the numerical results, we can conclude that the nuclear fuel depletion calculation module for LWR in the CBZ code system was successfully validated.
Reflection of Waves in a Slowly Varying Medium

Short wave asymptotic methods fail to give information on the wave reflection caused by slow, analytic variations of refractive index. Recently, Meyer [8] established that the reflection coefficient is exponentially small and obtained a first estimate for it. Here a simpler method is described which yields much simpler analytic forms and which permits in principle higher order approximations to be obtained. Explicit answers are given in a form which is easily applicable to a large class of problems.A general proof that the problem is well posed is included, since Meyer’s proof does not cover parametric ranges which might be of interest.
Analysis of Emergency Department Use by Non-Urgent Patients and Their Visit Characteristics at an Academic Center

Objective We studied the extent and reasons for non-urgent emergency department (ED) visits in a single university hospital, their predictors, and patient outcomes to propose solutions suitable for Middle Eastern healthcare systems. Design We conducted a retrospective review of electronic medical records, including all non- and less-urgent ED visits with complete triage records (levels 4 and 5 triage based on the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) over one year. The data on patient demographics, visit characteristics, and patient disposition were analyzed using SPSS software. Setting The study was conducted in the ED at King Abdullah Bin Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH), a Saudi university hospital located within the campus of Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University. Participants A chart review was carried out for 18,880 patients with CTAS 4 or 5 visiting the KAAUH ED between July 2020 and July 2021. Additionally, a total of “11,857” patients with missing triage acuity or CTAS levels 1, 2, or 3 were excluded from the study. Results The majority (61.4%) of the 30,737 ED visits were less-urgent or non-urgent. The most common reasons for non-urgent visits were routine examination/investigation (40.9%), medication refilling (14.6%), and upper respiratory tract infection/symptoms (9.9%). Most visits (73.4%) were during weekdays and resulted in the prescription of medication (94.2%), laboratory tests (62.8%), sick leaves (4.7%), radiology examinations (3.6%), and a visit to primary healthcare clinics (family medicine) within a week of the emergency visit (3.6%). Conclusion Less- and non-urgent ED visits often did not need any further follow-ups or admission and represented a burden better managed by a primary healthcare center. Policymakers should mitigate unnecessary ED visits through public awareness, establish clear regulations for ED visits, improve the quality of care in primary healthcare centers, facilitate booking for outpatient department appointments, and regulate the systems of payment coverage/insurance and referral by other organizations.
References on innovative methodologies for adult training

Abstract This article shows the result of an international project from the European Commission, and it aimed to analyse 30 cases of effective European entities in the field of adult education, from Poland, Spain, Finland and Italy. The objective was to collect the best strategies that generate good employment and social inclusion results. The research analyses the methodologies of official educational corporations, such as vocational training centres and schools for adults; and for the first time, the research addresses the training carried out by companies. The methodology focuses on case studies, using the observation list as the main instrument. The sample is an intentional selection of entities with important training activities in different industrial sectors and positively impacting employment. The findings highlight relevant strategies, such as the importance of the educational scenario, the development of new personal and social skills, a flexible, individualised, and attractive approach in the teaching scope, and the importance of practical learning. Among the findings, new training paths are observed within the labour context, with innovative and revolutionary practices for the traditional school. The results also impact teacher training and education science faculties, that can incorporate new educational methodologies, with proven success in the labour market.
FIXED POINTS AND SOLUTIONS OF OPERATOR EQUATIONS FOR THE WEAK TOPOLOGY IN BANACH ALGEBRAS

In this paper we prove some fixed point theorems for operators acting in Banach algebras and satisfying conditions expressed mainly with help of weak topology and measures of weak noncompactness. The existence of solutions to some class of operator equations in Banach algebras is also discussed. Some examples are presented to illustrate our results.