Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating mild traumatic brain injury in adults: an emergency physician’s dilemma

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a common presentation in emergency departments across the globe. A controversy about the policy of evaluating them with CT scan and hospital admission or discharge and for these patients. This study is directed towards correlation of clinical profile with CT brain findings of the patients to predict the possibility of an intracranial lesion and need for early neurosurgical intervention.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary care government medical college and hospital. All patients aged more than 12 years presenting to the ED with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) within 24 hours of injury in whom NCCT head (trauma protocol) was done during the Study. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors related to different outcomes.Results: 178 patients with MTBI were enrolled in the study among which intracranial injuries were found by CT scan in 28 patients (15.7%). Odds of finding intracranial injuries were highest with the presence of post-traumatic vomiting, post traumatic amnesia (PTA), pre-existing alcohol use disorder, GCS≤14, focal neurological deficit and clinical signs of basal skull fracture. 2.8% patients required urgent neurosurgical intervention.Conclusions: Presence of post-traumatic vomiting, PTA, alcohol use disorder, GCS≤14, focal neurodeficit and signs of basal skull fracture in a MTBI patient should be considered as high-risk factors for significant intracranial injuries.
Joint Transmit Precoding and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Phase Adjustment: A Decomposition-Aided Channel Estimation Approach

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), consisting of many low-cost elements that reflect the incident waves by an adjustable phase shift, have attracted sudden attention for their potential of reconfiguring the signal propagation environment and enhancing the performance of wireless networks. The passive nature of RISs is indeed beneficial, but the lack of radio frequency (RF) chains at the RIS has made channel estimation extremely challenging. We face this challenge by proposing a joint channel estimation and transmit precoding framework for RIS-aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Specifically, the effective cascaded channel of the reflected transmitter-RIS-receiver link is decomposed into multiple subchannels, each of which corresponds to a single RIS element. Then our joint RIS-transmitter precoding model is formulated for the individual subchannels of each reflecting element. Finally, we develop a two-stage precoding design for successively determining the required phase shifts of each reflecting element of the RIS and the digital baseband precoder of the transmitter, only relying on the channel state information (CSI) of the subchannels. The performance of the proposed subchannel estimation and joint precoding method is evaluated by extensive simulations. Our numerical results show that the proposed designs provide an attractive solution to RIS-aided MIMO systems.
Long‐term effects of antibiotic treatments on honeybee colony fitness: A modelling approach

Abstract Gut microbiome disequilibrium is increasingly implicated in host fitness reductions, including for the economically important and disease‐challenged western honey bee Apis mellifera. In laboratory experiments, the antibiotic tetracycline, which is used to prevent American Foulbrood Disease in countries including the US, elevates honey bee mortality by disturbing the microbiome. It is unclear, however, how elevated individual mortality affects colony‐level fitness. We used an agent‐based model (BEEHAVE) and empirical data to assess colony‐level effects of antibiotic‐induced worker bee mortality, by measuring colony size. We investigated the relationship between the duration that the antibiotic‐induced mortality probability is imposed for and colony size. We found that when simulating antibiotic‐induced mortality of worker bees from just 60 days per year, up to a permanent effect, the colony is reduced such that tetracycline treatment would not meet the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) honey bee protection goals. When antibiotic mortality was imposed for the hypothetical minimal exposure time, which assumes that antibiotics only impact the bee's fitness during the recommended treatment period of 15 days in both spring and autumn, the colony fitness reduction was only marginally under the EFSA's threshold. Synthesis and Applications. Modelling colony‐level impacts of antibiotic treatment shows that individual honey bee worker mortality can lead to colony mortality. To assess the full impact, the persistence of antibiotic‐induced mortality in honey bees must be determined experimentally, in vivo. We caution that as the domestication of new insect species increases, maintaining healthy gut microbiomes is of paramount importance to insect health and commercial productivity. The recommendation from this work is to limit prophylactic use of antibiotics and to not exceed recommended treatment strategies for domesticated insects. This is especially important for highly social insects as excess antibiotic use will likely decrease colony growth and an increase in colony mortality.
PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF TWO MEDICINAL PLANTS MENTHA PIPERITA L. AND MELISSA OFFICINALIS L.

The aim of the paper was the phytosociological study and its influence upon the biosynthesis of active compounds of two medicinal plants (Mentha piperita L. peppermint and Melissa officinalis L. lemon balm), which are widely used in phytotherapy. Our research was performed on dried leaves and the active substances content was determined by means of spectrophotometric (for evaluation of flavones, phenolcarboxylic acids and total phenolic contents) and volumetric methods (for evaluation of the essential oil content). Our results have shown that in the common (phytosociological) crops the active compounds are synthesized in higher amounts compared to the control crops. Moreover, for the common crops, horizontal and vertical development was much more obvious. In addition, our results regarding peppermint leaves, have shown that the active substances content have a different distribution throughout the day, with an upwards course during the morning and midday, whilst a descending direction was seen in the evening.
Gender Difference in Hedging: A Corpus-Based Study to TED Talks about Emotion

In the development of linguistics, many experts tried to identify the gender difference in language use from different perspectives. Many studies show that different genders have different preference when choosing hedging words to express their stands. But recently some other researches doubted the existence of such gender difference in pragmatic. This study established a corpus and analyzed 12 TED talks delivered by different genders and tried to find out whether the gender difference in hedging words exist. The result shows that gender difference does exist in word choice and lexical diversity. This study may shed some light for the following study to continue the research of gender difference from the angle of word choice.
Distribution Pattern of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soils in the Vicinity of Fuel Stations in Abraka, Nigeria

The concentration and pattern of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in top and bottom soil in the vicinity of fuel stations in Abraka Nigeria, using gas chromotograph (GC) Hawleth Packard 6890. Analysis of results show that sample D(0.03979mg.kg -1 )>C(0.01592mg.kg -1 )>A(0.01155mg.kg -1 )>B(0.00325mg.kg -1 )>E (0.00191mg.kg -1 ). Investigation also reveals that all tested samples are contaminated, with mean values ranging between 0.000207±0.00026mg. kg -1 and 0.002123±0.00303mg. kg -1 . Similarly, spearmen’s rank correlation coefficient (SRCC) of sample points At/Ab (0.99), Bt/Bb (0.99), Ct/Cb (0.98), Dt/Db (0.96) and Et/Eb (0.98) show a high and positive correlation between contaminants from top and bottom soil in each sample point. Molecular ratio analyses also show that petroleum origin is the chief source of PAHs contamination in all samples except in the control that is characterized with pyrogenic and petrogenic source. @JASEM Keywords: PAHs, soil Contamination, Abraka J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage . Sept, 2011, Vol. 15 (3) 513 - 516
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in Biomineralization

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have the potential to play a unique role in the study of proteins and the relationships between structure and function. Intrinsic disorder affects chemical and cellular events such as cell signaling, macromolecular self-assembly, protein removal and crystal nucleation and growth. This chapter explores the structural principles by which IDPs act and reveals the prevalence of IDPs in the field of biomineralization. It has been demonstrated that proteins involved in biomineralization are frequently very extended and disordered. Moreover, the disordered structure is integral to how these proteins fulfill their functions. We have focused on the analysis of polypeptide folding, the role of posttranslational modifications, predictions of the structural disorder and the degree of disorder in secondary structures. Computational and biophysical strategies to analyze the secondary structures and evaluate the degree and nature of "disorder" in proteins are described. Biomineralization is the result of the orchestration of a series of protein-protein, proteinmineral and protein-cell interactions. Identifying unfolded functional domains in cell signaling may have a great impact in the study of tissue regeration and biomineral formation. IDPs are typically organic components of biominerals. It is believed that they could act as a regulatory coordinator for specific interactions of many proteins, and thus many physiological processes such as formation of dentin and bone, the formation of sea urchin and crusteacean exoskeletons. Here, we review what is currently understood about the molecular basis of biomineral formation. This includes protein interaction with metal ions, post-translational modifications, interactions with other proteins, or other factors that induce the formation of crystal shape and size along with the proper polymorph selection in relation to the role of IDPs.
195 Capturing the experience and lessons from junior doctors working at the Nightingale North West: a qualitative study

NHS Nightingale Hospital North West (NNW) was a new temporary hospital within the NHS designed to rapidly expand capacity to care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Within 2 weeks, Manchester Central Convention Centre was converted into a potential 648 bed facility, capable of providing step-down care to patients from the north west. Junior doctors had the opportunity to witness the creation of a field hospital, shape systems and processes, and work with a diverse team coming together for a common cause. To capture their experiences, interviews were conducted using a semi-structured format and the responses summarised into transcripts. Consensus coding was performed using domains/themes. When exploring successes, there was consistent mention of a strong team; in particular the feeling of being individually valued within a flattened hierarchy. Staff wellbeing and education were also regularly mentioned and helped contribute to this overall feeling. When asked what they would take forward, doctors focussed on the importance of a strong team that values multi-disciplinary working. But the hospital was not without challenges, with processes changing from one shift to the next and leading to potential errors. In addition, system issues (such as with medication and documentation) lead to a sometimes-chaotic work environment. Staff identification was a significant challenge, and potentially contributed to communication breakdowns. To rectify this, doctors undertook QI projects which formed the basis for re-activation plans. Perhaps more important than material improvements were feelings of empowerment they identified to achieve actionable change within the hospital. Junior doctors were overwhelmingly positive about their NNW experience. Their power to act as agents of change was showcased at NNW, where senior management encouraged them to take ownership of challenges identified and seek ways to improve the system in which they worked.
Self-transcendence achievement goals and well-being

ABSTRACT Improve others’ competence is a missing Self-Transcendence (ST)/selfless goal in achievement goals literature, which has focused on very self-centred/Self-Enhancement (SE) (performance or overcome others) and relatively self-centred (mastery or Self-Improvement; SI) goals. We conceptualised pure ST goal alongside two composite achievement goals: improve both myself and others (composite ST), and overcome both myself and others (composite SE). Results from three studies involving university students (N 1 = 110, N 2 = 93, N 3 = 107) and a fourth study involving pupils in Physical Education (PE) classes (N 4 = 936) yielded evidence of factorial validity for a new SESIST goals measure and generalizability of its factor structure across different groups. Findings implied that SE, SI and ST goal priorities varied in degree of self-centredness according to theorisation, supporting the internal discriminant validity of the SESIST goals measure. In Study 4 evidence of incremental validity for the ST scales was provided. In the consequences model, ST goals accounted for unique variance in autonomous motivation, well-being, preferences for group learning and positive feelings in PE. In the antecedents model empathy but not perceived competence accounted for unique variance in ST goals. Findings imply that non-measurement of ST goals hides their adaptive effects and overestimates the adaptive effects of mastery/SI goal. The results are discussed with regard to the importance of ST goals in research and practice aiming to promote cooperation and well-being in PE, sport and achievement settings.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Pekerjaan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dan Kepuasan Kerja Dengan Variabel Moderator Budaya Kerja Pada Badan Keswadayaan Masyarakat (BKM) di Kota Probolinggo

Selain karakteristrik pekerjaan, kepuasan kerja karyawan juga ditentukan budaya kerja yang terjadi dalam internal BKM. Budaya kerja di BKM ditujukan menciptakan nilai berlaku jujur, saling menghormati, bertanggung jawab, saling percaya, menumbuhkan inovasi dan kreativitas karyawan untuk kenyamanan anggota, setia kawan, disiplin dan kekeluargaan. Perkembangan BKM saat ini terdorong adanya budaya kerja namun dalam perjalanannya, kestabilan karyawan menimbulkan dampak balik terhadap budaya kerja yang dapat berpengaruh pada kinerja karyawannya. Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji pengaruh karakteristik pekerjaan terhadap kinerja karyawan dan kepuasan kerja karyawan dengan variabel moderator budaya kerja pada BKM di Kota Probolinggo. Penelitian ini dengan pendekatan asosiatif kausal, sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 120 orang karyawan dari 29 BKM di Kota Probolinggo. Analisis data dengan moderated regression analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik pekerjaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dan kepuasan kerja dengan variabel moderator budaya kerja pada Badan Keswadayaan Masyarakat (BKM) Di Kota Probolinggo.
An Extended Version of an Algebraic Intermittency Model for Prediction of Separation-Induced Transition at Elevated Free-Stream Turbulence Level

An algebraic intermittency model for boundary layer flow transition from laminar to turbulent state, is extended using an experimental data base on boundary layer flows with various transition types and results by large eddy simulation of transition in a separated boundary layer. The originating algebraic transition model functions well for bypass transition in an attached boundary layer under a moderately high or elevated free-stream turbulence level, and for transition by Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in a separated boundary layer under a low free-stream turbulence level. It also functions well for transition in a separated layer, caused by a very strong adverse pressure gradient under a moderately high or elevated free-stream turbulence level. It is not accurate for transition in a separated layer under a moderately strong adverse pressure gradient, in the presence of a moderately high or elevated free-stream turbulence level. The extension repairs this deficiency. Therefore, a sensor function for detection of the front part of a separated boundary layer activates two terms that express the effect of free-stream turbulence on the breakdown of a separated layer, without changing the functioning of the model in other flow regions. The sensor and the breakdown terms use only local variables.
Using behavioral economics to promote advanced directives for end of life care: a national study on message framing

ABSTRACT Advance directives (AD) are a crucial method for individuals to communicate their directions regarding medical decisions to their families and health care professionals when they are no longer able to make these decisions for themselves. However, not many individuals have an AD. We present the results of a survey-based experiment on how message framing (positive, negative and social norm) in educational videos affects (a) the individual’s decision to acquire more information about an AD and (b) the change in stated likelihood of obtaining an AD. Our message framing is centered on the family burden aspect of end-of-life care. We also survey participants about which type of framing they view as more persuasive in terms of obtaining an AD. We find that participants who watched the negative framed video were more likely to request more information about ADs. However, for those who had not sought information on ADs prior to the study, positive framing has a small positive impact on the approximate change in stated likelihood of obtaining an AD. On average, positive framing is perceived as more convincing to obtain an AD. Ranking the positive framed video as first or second in terms of convincingness is correlated with self-reported creation of an AD, whereas ranking the negative framed video as first or second is correlated with not creating an AD.
The Effect of Social Media on Elections: Evidence from the United States

We study how social media affects election outcomes in the United States. We use variation in the number of Twitter users across counties induced by early adopters at the 2007 South by Southwest (SXSW) festival, a key event in Twitter’s rise to popularity. We show that this variation is unrelated to observable county characteristics and electoral outcomes before the launch of Twitter. Our results indicate that Twitter lowered the Republican vote share in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections, but had limited effects on Congressional elections and previous presidential elections. Evidence from survey data, primary elections, and text analysis of millions of tweets suggests that Twitter’s relatively liberal content may have persuaded voters with moderate views to vote against Donald Trump.
Efficacy of 2 Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 in Larvae of Anopheles albimanus W and Aedes aegypti L (Diptera: culicidae).

The bacterial genus and species of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (Bti), is entomotoxic, used in the biological control of mosquito vectors of human diseases, such as malaria and dengue. Following the studies carried out in Mexico and Guatemala with ovillantas, in which the presence of larvae of both species of Anopheles albimanus W and Aedes aegypti L were observed, and with the intention of continuing to develop an ecologically friendly mosquito control, Bti was added to the ovillantas, to improve and already efficient method on the elimination of both types of mosquitoes. The objectives of this work were: to analyze the effectiveness of two commercial formulations of Bti, serovar H-14 (Bactimos) wettable powder, 3,500 ITU, from Biochem prods. , and Vectobac, 2,000 ITU wettable powder, (Abbot Lab.) on second and third instars larvae of A. albimanus and Ae. aegypti (Diptera Culicidae). The two formulations were effective against A. albimanus W(higher concentrations), while Ae. aegypti L was very susceptible to Bti, therefore it is proposed for the best control of these genus and vector species of malaria and dengue at adequate concentrations.
An empirical study of the real effective exchange rate and foreign direct investment in Vietnam

Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to Vietnam have increased significantly in recent years. Theoretically, capital inflows will put pressure on the overvaluation of local currencies in countries, despite different exchange rate mechanisms. So, the problem facing the Vietnamese government is the need to examine the relationship between the exchange rate and FDI in order to develop effective policies. This study examined the relationship between the exchange rate and FDI in Vietnam in the period of 2005–2019 using the VAR (vector autoregression) model based on quarterly frequency data. The new points of this study are: (i) using the real effective exchange rate (REER) of the Vietnamese currency with 143 major trading partners of Vietnam; and (ii) adding two control variables into the VAR model to examine the relationship between the exchange rate and FDI in Vietnam – a case study for developing countries. The findings show that, firstly, there is a positive causal relationship between FDI and Vietnam’s real effective exchange rate. Secondly, trade openness has a positive impact on FDI and REER in Vietnam. Thirdly, economic growth has an impact on REER, but no statistically significant impact on FDI was found. The findings can provide useful information to help policymakers plan and make decisions on future policies and support further research studies.
Study on Brewing Quality of Naked Barley ( Hodeum Vulgare L.)

Proximate composition of naked barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) and chemical characteristics of naked barley malt were analyzed. Chemical and sensorial quality of beers made from naked barley and commercial barley malts were compared. Moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, total carbohydrate, crude fiber and starch contents of naked barley were 8%, 1.28%, 2.82%, 11.88%, 76.03%, 1.41%, 68.53% (db) respectively. Naked barley germinated for 24 hrs had the highest amylase activity (47.13 units/100g dm). Chemical composition comparison between naked barley malt and commercial malt revealed that except percentage extract and reducing sugar other parameter viz. aroma, pH, moisture, starch, ash, specific gravity of extract, protein and amylase activity were not significantly different (p>0.05), but saccharification time, filtration rate and clarity of the extract was poor in naked barley malt compared to commercial malt. Results of chemical analysis of beers prepared from naked barley malt and commercial malt showed that pH, TSS, titrable acidity, fixed acidity, volatile acidity, esters, real extract, apparent extract, real degree of fermentation, reducing sugar, dextrin, ash and protein contents were not significantly different whereas original extract and alcohol contents were significantly higher in commercial malt beer. Sensory evaluation indicated that except mouthfeel other parameters such as appearance and clarity, color and flavor scores were higher in beer made from commercial malt than that of naked barley malt. It can be concluded that naked barley malt of satisfactory brewing quality could be prepared by following standard malting procedure adopted for barley malt.Key words: Naked barley; malt; beer; chemical characteristics; sensory qualityJournal of Food Science and Technology Nepal Vol. 4, September, 2008, Page: 47-51