Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulation of New Media from Dairy and Brewery Wastes for a Sustainable Production of DHA-Rich Oil by Aurantiochytrium mangrovei

Mozzarella stretching water (MSW) is a dairy effluent generated from mozzarella cheese production that does not have a real use and is destined to disposal, causing environmental problems and representing a high disposal cost for dairy producers. Spent brewery yeast (SBY) is another promising food waste produced after brewery manufacturing that could be recycled in new biotechnological processes. Aurantiochytrium mangrovei is an aquatic protist known as producer of bioactive lipids such as omega 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFA), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this work MSW and SBY have been used to formulate new sustainable growth media for A. mangrovei cultivation and production of DHA in an attempt to valorize these effluents. MSW required an enzymatic hydrolysis to enhance the biomass production. The new media obtained from hydrolysed MSW was also optimized using response surface methodologies, obtaining 10.14 g L−1 of biomass in optimized medium, with a DHA content of 1.21 g L−1.
Distance Education in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period: Opinions of Primary Pre-service teachers about Teaching Practice Course

experiences of the primary school pre-service teachers who will start to work as the teachers of the future and to take the necessary precautions. In this context, this study, which was carried out as a a phenomological study, was conducted with 8 pre-service teachers who were enrolled in a teaching practice course at a state university in the fall semester of 2020-2021. While the data were obtained from open-ended questions, the reports and lesson plans kept during the semester were examined by the researchers. The data were analyzed by qualitative analysis methods.
Assessment of weight and mode of transport of school material in highschool students

Objectives: To identify the way school material is carried and the weight of the material carried, and to compare these findings for 2 nd , 5 th and 9 th graders. Methods: This study evaluated 58 students from a randomly selected school in Dois Irmaos, a city in southern Brazil, using anthropometric variables and a questionnaire to identify what schoolchildren used to carry school material and the way it was carried. School material was weighed over a five-day period. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the responses to the questionnaires. Mean weight of the school material, normalized by body weight, was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test (a=0.05). Results: Second, 5 th and 9 th graders carried their own material using a backpack with two straps (60.0%, 77.3%, and 85.5%, p<0.05) over their shoulders (60.0%, 77.3%, and 81.0%, p<0.05), and mean rate of schoolbag weight to body weight was 7.2%±2.3, 8.8%±3.0, and 5.9%±1.7. The only significant difference ( p<0.05) was between 5 th and 9 th graders. Conclusion: Students in the 2 nd , 5 th and 9 th grades prefer to carry their school material using a backpack with two straps symmetrically placed over the shoulders. Regardless of school grade, the backpack weight was less than 10% of body weight, and 5 th graders carried the heaviest relative loads.
Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen on Yield of Colocasia ( Colocasia esculenta ) at District Malakand Dargai

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of colocasia (Colocasia esculenta) to different levels of 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1 under farmer’s field condition at Garhi Usmani Khel, District Malakand Dargai during 2013. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block design with three replications and treatment plot size of 2.74 × 2.43 m2. All levels of N in the form of urea along with uniform basal doze of 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 as Triple Super Phosphate (TSPPP) were applied to soil at time of seed bed followed by thorough mixing. Seeds of colocasia c.v. local variety were sown in these plots with row spacing of 30 cm and plant to plant distance of 12 cm in February, 2013. The results showed that application of N produced significantly higher colocasia tuber yield, number of tubers plant-1, 1000-tubers weight and size of tubers (mean length and diameter) over control but the differences among levels of N were nonsignificant. However, some parameters like tuber yield was maximum at 60 kg N ha-1 and tuber size especially the length of colocasia tuber was maximum at 150 kg N ha-1 suggesting that the response of each parameter was different to N levels. Based on maximum relative yield (100%) and increase over control (46.1%) still at lower N levels of 60 kg N ha-1, this level seems to be appropriate level for colocasia under the prevailing soil and climatic conditions.
SPATIALLY RESOLVING THE VERY HIGH ENERGY EMISSION FROM MGRO J2019+37 WITH VERITAS

We present very high energy (VHE) imaging of MGRO J2019+37 obtained with the VERITAS observatory. The bright extended (∼2°) unidentified Milagro source is located toward the rich star formation region Cygnus-X. MGRO J2019+37 is resolved into two VERITAS sources. The faint, point-like source VER J2016+371 overlaps CTB 87, a filled-center remnant (SNR) with no evidence of a supernova remnant shell at the present time. Its spectrum is well fit in the 0.65–10 TeV energy range by a power-law model with photon index 2.3 ± 0.4. VER J2019+378 is a bright extended (∼1°) source that likely accounts for the bulk of the Milagro emission and is notably coincident with PSR J2021+3651 and the star formation region Sh 2−104. Its spectrum in the range 1–30 TeV is well fit with a power-law model of photon index 1.75 ± 0.3, among the hardest values measured in the VHE band, comparable to that observed near Vela-X. We explore the unusual spectrum and morphology in the radio and X-ray bands to constrain possible emission mechanisms for this source.
Discussion Paper Comparing Policies to Confront Permit Over-allocation

Instability in cap-and-trade markets, particularly with respect to permit price collapses has been an area of concern for regulators. To that end, several policies, including hybrid price-quantity mechanisms and the newly introduced “market stability reserve” (MSR) systems have been introduced and even implemented in some cases. I develop a stochastic dynamic model of a cap-and-trade system, parameterized to values relevant to the European Union’s Emission Trading System (EU ETS) to analyze the performance of these policies aimed at adding stability to the system or at least at reducing perceived over-allocations of permits. Results suggest adaptive-allocation mechanisms such as a price collar or MSR can reduce permit over-allocations and permit price volatility in a more cost-effective manner than simply reducing scheduled permit allocations. However, it is also found that the performance of these adaptive allocation policies, and in particular the MSR, are greatly affected by assumed discount rates and policy parameters.
Estimation of probable maximum precipitation of a high-mountain basin in a changing climate

To estimate the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) in a changing climate, this study proposes a new PMP estimation framework based on weather research forecasting (WRF) initialed with temperature (predicted by post-processing) for changing climate conditions. First, in order to determine temperature disturbance influencing PMP under climate change, a random forest (RF) model considering error correction is introduced to predict the temperature in the future. Results show that the revised RF model could improve accuracy in temperature prediction. Furthermore, numerical experiments of disturbance amplification of three factors (humidity, wind speed, and temperature) using the WRF model are conducted. This new scheme could consider the effect of three elements (horizontal range, vertical layer, and ratio) of influencing factors’ maximization on PMP. Results indicate that for the most unfavorable precipitation scenario of each factor magnification, the combination of three elements is different. Then, the joint amplification numerical experiments of three factors proved the existence of their interactions when multi-factors changed simultaneously. Finally, this method was tested in a high-mountain basin, the Upper Nujiang River Basin. Results showed that the increase of wind speed plays a leading role in rainfall enhancement, and the rising of relative humidity and temperature has a certain disturbance effect on rainfall.
Relationship between the Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Japanese People: Differences According to Sex and Weight Status

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to have preventive effects against depression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between the intake of n-3 PUFAs and depression among people according to sex and weight status. We utilized cross-sectional data from the Shika study in Japan. The study was conducted between 2013 and 2016. Data were collected from adults older than 65 years. Invitation letters were distributed to 2677 individuals, 2470 of whom participated in the study (92.3%). We assessed depressive states using the Japanese short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). We assessed the intake of n-3 PUFAs using the validated food frequency questionnaire. One thousand six hundred thirty-three participants provided data, among which 327 (20.0%) exhibited depressive symptoms. When we performed the stratified analysis by sex and weight status, there were significant inverse relationships between total n-3 PUFAs, individual n-3 PUFAs, and n-3/n-6 PUFAs ratio and depressive symptoms in overweight/obese females. No correlations were observed between n-3 PUFAs intake and depressive states in males. The results demonstrated a relationship between n-3 PUFAs deficiencies and depressive states, particularly in overweight/obese females. Dietary modifications may help to prevent depressive symptoms in overweight/obese females.
Enhancing Performance of Broadband Photodetectors Based on Perovskite CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals/ZnO-Microwires Heterostructures

A broadband photodetector response in the ultraviolet (UV)-to-green range (up to 530 nm) based on perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs)/ZnO-microwires (MWs) heterostructures was realized via a convenient spin-coating method. Under UV light (365 nm) illumination, compared with a bare-ZnO-MW-based photodetector, the CsPbBr3-NCs/ZnO-MWs-heterostructure-based photodetector exhibited a faster photoresponse (<0.1 s) and higher current responsivity (93.50 AW−1), external quantum efficiency (3399%), and detectivity (4.4 × 1010). In addition, the photodetector based on CsPbBr3-NCs/ZnO-MWs heterostructures also exhibited a very fast photoresponse to green light (530 nm). These can be ascribed to the strong light-trapping ability of CsPbBr3 NCs and high charge-transfer efficiency at the CsPbBr3-NCs/ZnO-MWs-heterojunction interface due to the built-in field, which facilitates the spatial separation of the photogenerated carriers. Therefore, this work will develop perovskite/ZnO nanomaterials as promising building blocks for broadband photodetectors and wider optoelectronic applications.
Relation of Soil Bulk Density with the Soil Carbon in the Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Jharkhand, India

Bulk density is an important component of the soil as it helps in understanding the health of the soil. The present study is intended at examining the relationship between bulk density, organic matter and organic carbon content in the soils of tropical dry deciduous forest of Ranchi. Twelve sites were selected and soil samples were collected from 3 depths of soil i.e. 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm. Soil bulk density showed negative correlation with SOC, SOM and TC but positive correlation with inorganic carbon. It was positively significant while going down the soil profile.
An economic analysis of milk production in Haryana

Dairying is an important supplementary enterprise enhancing the livelihood of farmers and hence analyzing its profitability as well as identification of production constraints paves way for policy implications. An attempt was made to determine the costs, returns and constraints involved in milk production at Karnal and Jind districts of Haryana state during 2019-20. Primary data was collected from 120 milk producing households and was subjected to tabular analysis and Garrett’s ranking technique. The overall net maintenance cost per animal per day was highest in the case of crossbred cow, followed by buffalo and indigenous cow. The overall cost of milk production was highest for buffalo (Rs. 40.35/litre), followed by crossbred ( 32.48/litre) and indigenous cow (Rs. 31.88/litre). A major portion in the total variable cost was contributed by the feed and fodder, followed by labour. Net return realized per litre of milk was positive across animal categories, but it was highest in the case of crossbred cow owing to higher productivity as compared to buffalo and indigenous cow. Distant location of artificial insemination centres and high price of concentrates were identified as the major production constraints faced by the farmers. The study advocates for adoption of better scientific breeding and management practices, mobile services for quality semen delivery as well as providing feeds at subsidized price channelizing through Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs).
Mental health status, health service utilization, drug use behaviors associated with non-fatal overdose among people who use illicit drugs: A meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background The present study aims to determine mental health conditions, service use determinants, and drug use behaviors associated with non-fatal overdose among people who use illicit drugs (PWUIDs). Methods We searched for studies in English published before February 1, 2021, on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science to identify primary studies on the factors associated with non-fatal overdose among PWUIDs. After reviewing for study duplicates, the full-text of selected articles were assessed for eligibility using Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes (PICO) criteria. The present study applied OR to measure the effect size with 95% CI. For data analysis, R 3.5. 1 with the “meta” package was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results After a detailed assessment of more than 13,845 articles, a total of 60 studies met the eligibility criteria. We found that non-fatal overdose was independently and positively associated with various factors considered and was, as expected, most strongly associated with being male, needs help injecting, needle sharing, overdose experience in past 12 months, alcohol abuse, had mental health diagnosis, depression, and anxiety disorders, suicide (ideation or attempt), inpatient detoxification, benzodiazepine use, and emergency department visit or hospitalization. Conclusion The findings of the current meta-analysis support the requirement to improve suitable harm reduction strategies for drug users, such as peer-based overdose management. Abbreviations: PWUIDs: People who use illicit drugs; WHO: World Health Organization; CI: Confidence intervals; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; OR: Odds ratio; PICO: Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes; PRISMA: Protocols of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; PWIDs: people who inject drugs; WHO: World Health Organization; SIF: Safer Injection Facility
CCL5 production in lung cancer cells leads to an altered immune microenvironment and promotes tumor development

ABSTRACT Current immunotherapies for lung cancer are only effective in a subset of patients. Identifying tumor-derived factors that facilitate immunosuppression offers the opportunity to develop novel strategies to supplement and improve current therapeutics. We sought to determine whether expression of driver oncogenes in lung cancer cells affects cytokine secretion, alters the local immune environment, and influences lung tumor progression. We demonstrate that oncogenic EGFR and KRAS mutations, which are early events in lung tumourigenesis, can drive cytokine and chemokine production by cancer cells. One of the most prominent changes was in CCL5, which was rapidly induced by KRASG12V or EGFRL858R expression, through MAPK activation. Immunocompetent mice implanted with syngeneic KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells deficient in CCL5 have decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs), evidence of T cell exhaustion, and reduced lung tumor burden, indicating tumor-cell CCL5 production contributes to an immune suppressive environment in the lungs. Furthermore, high CCL5 expression correlates with poor prognosis, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and alteration to CD8 effector function in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our data support targeting CCL5 or CCL5 receptors on immune suppressive cells to prevent formation of an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment that promotes lung cancer progression and immunotherapy insensitivity.
Properties of high‐altitude tropical cirrus clouds determined from ACE FTS observations

During tropical observations made in February and August of 2004, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) FTIR instrument aboard the Canadian SciSat‐1 satellite recorded several extinction spectra in the range of 700–4400 cm−1 that exhibit strong signatures of cirrus clouds. We have analyzed these spectra in order to quantify the properties of these high‐altitude cirrus clouds. This Letter reports the vertical profiles of the average ice density in the clouds and the particle size distributions. We also discuss the effect of particle shape on the retrieval results.
Joint Rock Coefficient Estimation Based on Hausdorff Dimension

The strength of rock structures strongly depends inter alia on surface irregularities of rock joints. These irregularities are characterized by a coefficient of joint roughness. For its estimation, visual comparison is often used. This is rather a subjective method, therefore, fully computerized image recognition procedures were proposed. However, many of them contain imperfections, some of them even mathematical nonsenses and their application can be very dangerous in technical practice. In this paper, we recommend mathematically correct method of fully automatic estimation of the joint roughness coefficient. This method requires only the Barton profiles as a standard.
General introduction-a review of the literature

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Formation of Interstellar OCS: Radiation Chemistry and IR Spectra of Precursor Ices

Extensive experimental studies have been performed on the solid-state formation of the OCS molecule in proton-irradiated water-free and water-dominated ices containing CO or CO2 as the carbon source and H2S or SO2 as the sulfur source. In each case OCS is readily formed. Production efficiency follows the trends CO > CO2 and H2S > SO2 as C,O- and S-sources, respectively. In water-dominated ices, OCS production appears to be enhanced for CO : H2S reactants. The mechanism of formation of OCS appears to be the reaction of CO with free S atoms produced by fragmentation of the sulfur parent species. While OCS is readily formed by irradiation, it is also the most easily destroyed on continued exposure. In H2O-dominated ices the half-life of H2S, SO2, and OCS is ~2 eV molecule−1, corresponding to ~7 million years in a cold dense interstellar cloud environment processed by cosmic-ray protons. The spectral profile of the ν3 band of OCS is highly dependent on temperature and ice composition, and changes with radiation processing. These effects can be used in theoretical modeling of interstellar infrared (IR) spectra; a laboratory spectrum of irradiated H2O : CO : H2S, warmed to 50 K, provides a good fit to the 2040 cm−1 feature in the W33A spectrum. The identification of OCS in CO2-dominated ices provides a further challenge, due to the overlap of the OCS band with that of CO3 formed from irradiation of the host ice. The two features can be unraveled by a curve-fitting procedure. It is the width of the 2040 cm−1 band that will help observers determine if features identified in CO2-rich ices are due to OCS or to CO3.
Localized Text-Free User Interfaces

User interface is an essential element of an information system from the user perspective. The use of text in the user interface presents a challenge to some users, such as illiterate, elderly, non-local language speakers, or users with any disabilities. Numerous studies have proposed text-free user interfaces based on non-textual aids such as pictograms, audio, video, or specialized hardware. Such rich elements in the user interface have implications for an information system’s storage and processing requirements. We propose using concept hierarchies to present a dynamic interface to a user based upon user characteristics. A drill-down approach may present more specific interface elements to a user, and a roll-up scheme can identify more generalized interface elements. The proposed scheme can be used to manage internal data of large user interfaces with a rich set of features more effectively as it is computationally inexpensive than sequential processing techniques. We also explore various physical and psychological characteristics of elements and evaluate user preference for them. The results of a survey of 200 respondents show that users consider the use of various colors, alignments, mental models, and look & feel to be essential criteria in interface design. We also conclude that size of interface elements and the use of characters for expressing emotions are significantly important characteristics in interface design. The future work will apply the proposed scheme to a full spectrum of applications ranging from enterprise systems to mobile applications.
Variable Normalization of Naïve CD4+ Lymphopenia and Markers of Monocyte and T Cell Activation over the Course of Direct-Acting Anti-Viral Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with naïve CD4+ T cell lymphopenia and long-standing/persistent elevation of cellular and soluble immune activation parameters, the latter heightened in the setting of HIV co-infection. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. However, we recently reported that accelerated peripheral cell death may contribute to naïve CD4+ T cell loss and that mechanistic relationships between monocyte activation, T cell activation, and soluble inflammatory mediators may also contribute. Chronic HCV infection can be cured by direct-acting anti-viral (DAA) therapy, and success is defined as sustained virological response (SVR, undetectable HCV RNA (ribonucleic acid) at 12 weeks after DAA treatment completion). However, there is no general consensus on the short-term and long-term immunological outcomes of DAA therapy. Here, we consolidate previous reports on the partial normalization of naïve CD4+ lymphopenia and T cell immune activation and the apparent irreversibility of monocyte activation following DAA therapy in HCV infected and HCV/HIV co-infected individuals. Further, advanced age and cirrhosis are associated with delayed or abrogation of immune reconstitution after DAA therapy, an indication that non-viral factors also likely contribute to host immune dysregulation in HCV infection.