Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Transient Penetration of the Convection Electric Field to Low Latitudes During the Substorm Expansion Phase

The transient penetration of high-latitude electric fields into the middle and low latitude ionosphere during the substorm expansion phase is studied by using an analytical model of the magnetospheric convection. The model calculates the distribution of the electric fields of magnetospheric sources between the polar cap boundary and the geomagnetic equator by taking self-consistent account of the hot plasma belt polarization due to the electric fields both of the solar wind/magnetosphere dynamo and the corotation. It is found that a sudden strong enhancement of auroral conductivities associated with the expansive phase of severe substorm results in a significant, short-lived increase of electric field at middle and low latitudes. The electric field perturbation is essentially of transient nature stemming from the large difference between the characteristic time scales of the primary electric field driven by solar wind and of the Alfven layer’s shielding electric field. Under steady state conditions, there is no substantial penetration of the auroral electric fields to middle and low latitudes due to the enhanced auroral conductivities. The corotation driven polarization electric field can noticeably affect the electric field perturbation in the inner plasmasphere provided the ring current is rather intense.
Noisiness of impulsive sound in background noise

There are many studies of rating noise, but the method has not been established completely yet. Especially in the rating of impulsive noise, some problems remain unsolved even though an evaluation based on energy level is effective to some extent. In this study, the noisiness of impulsive sound is measured when background noise is present at various levels. The results show that the noisiness decreases as background noise increases and can be almost completely evaluated by the difference in the energy level of the impulsive sound and the background noise. However, when the level of the background noise is comparable to that of the impulsive sound, there is a considerable difference between the estimated value and the observed noisiness. To derive an accurate rating, two alternative methods are discussed: one is based on NOY and the other based on a background correction which is similar to a loudness rating.
Thomae Formula for General Cyclic Covers of CP 1

Let X be a general cyclic cover of CP 1 ramified at m points, λ1 . λ m . we define a class of non-positive divisors on X of degree g −1 supported in the pre images of the branch points on X, such that the Riemann theta function does not vanish on their image in J (X ). We generalize the results of Bershadsky and Radul (Commun Math Phys 116:689-700, 1988), Nakayashiki (Publ Res Inst Math Sci 33(6):987-1015, 1997 )a nd Enolskii and Grava (Lett Math Phys 76(2-3):187-214, 2006) and prove that up to a cer- tain determinant of the non-standard periods of X, the value of the Riemann theta func- tion at these divisors raised to a high enough power is a polynomial in the branch point of the curve X. Our approach is based on a refinement of Accola's results for 3 cyclic sheeted cover (Accola, in Trans Am Math Soc 283:423-449, 1984) and a generalization of Nakayashiki's approach explained in Nakayashiki (Publ Res Inst Math Sci 33(6):987-1015, 1997) for general cyclic covers.
Detection of Increased Expression of Claudin-1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Analysis and Clinical-Pathological Correlation

Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive disease that lacks therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. Claudin-1 is a well-described tight junction protein with prognostic value in many human cancers. Aims The need for the discovery of biomarkers of TNBC disease was a major reason for this study. Claudin-1 is a tight junction protein that has shown promising results in the prognosis and management of cancer in general. In the breast, claudin-1 expression and significance have shown variable results, especially in TNBC patients. Our study assessed expression of claudin-1 in a group of TNBC patients, and correlated this expression with clinical-pathological parameters, and with the expression of β-catenin. Materials and methods Tissues from a group of 52 TNBC patients were retrieved from the archives of the community hospital. All related information including demographical, pathologic and clinical data were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry assays of a rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-human claudin-1 were applied using the avidin-biotin peroxidase methodology. Results A statistically significant majority of TNBC cases positively expressed claudin-1 (81%, χ2=13.705; p<0.001). Most TNBC cases had grade 2 β-catenin expression (77.5%; p<0.001), and positive expression for claudin-1 correlated with that of β-catenin (χ2= 23.757; p<0.001). Claudin-1 and β-catenin expressions within tumour cells shared several features including absent or weakness of membranous expression, and redistribution of both proteins to the cytoplasm of tumour cells, and in some cases to the nuclei of these cells. Claudin-1 expression also correlates with adverse survival outcomes, where only four of 20 claudin-1-positive patients who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) achieved pathological complete response (pCR). Conclusions The above presents a complex role of claudin-1 in TNBC patients. In this study, claudin-1 expression was associated with poor prognostic features including invasion, metastases and adverse clinical outcomes. Claudin-1 expression in TNBC correlated with the expression of β-catenin, an important oncogene and a major contributor to the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon. Overall, the above results may serve as an impetus for further mechanistic studies to assess the exact role of claudin-1 in TNBC and its possible use in the management of this subset of breast cancer.
Revealing well-educated millenials' purchase intention on halal cosmetics: The role of knowledge, religiosity, and attitude

This study aimed to analyze and discuss the influence of knowledge, religiosity, and attitude on well-educated Muslim women Millenials’ interests in buying halal cosmetics in a state with a Muslim majority. The judgemental sampling technique was applied to take samples using an online questionnaire. Two hundred twenty-three respondents were collected, yet, only 210 well-educated Muslim women with minimum ages of 21 years old could participate. Data is analyzed using path analysis to see the correlation among variables. The result found that well-educated Muslim women Millenials had a positive interest in buying halal cosmetics. Besides any information about halal cosmetics products, their belief level on their religion significantly affected their attitude and interests in buying. It found that most of the respondents knew halal cosmetics from the internet through open questions. Although a state with a Muslim majority becomes the research location, many people still used cosmetics with no halal certificates. Therefore, marketers should advertise their halal products, mainly through digital media. This study focused on consumers' attitudes toward rapid-growth cosmetics products in Indonesia, and it referred to halal cosmetics. Also, this study focused on the millennials generation who had an age group with the most number. Therefore, it was necessary to put this issue into a marketing discussion.
Toward Earth system modeling with resolved clouds and ocean submesoscales on heterogeneous many-core HPCs

ABSTRACT With the aid of the newly developed ‘Sunway’ heterogeneous-architecture supercomputer, which has world-leading HPC (high-performance computer) capability, a series of high-resolution coupled Earth system models (SW-HRESMs) with up to 5 km of atmosphere and 3 km of ocean have been developed. These models can meet the needs of multiscale interaction studies with different computational costs. Here we describe the progress of SW-HRESMs development, with an overview of the major advancements made by the international Earth science community in HR-ESMs. We also show the preliminary results of SW-HRESMs with regard to capturing major weather-climate extremes in the atmosphere and ocean, stressing the importance of permitted clouds and ocean submesoscale eddies in modeling tropical cyclones and eddy-mean flow interactions, and paving the way for further model development to resolve finer scales with even higher resolution and more realistic physics. Finally, in addition to increasing model resolution, the development procedure for a non-hydrostatic cloud and ocean submesoscale resolved ESM is discussed, laying out the major scientific directions of such a huge modeling advancement.
Integrated weed management in cumin

A field experiment was conducted during 2013–14 at Research Farm, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur (Madhya Pradesh) to study the weed management practices in cumin. Twelve weed management treatments were laid in randomized block design with three replications. Weed free treatment recorded significant maximum growth and yield attributes of cumin followed by oxadiargyl at 0.06 kg/ha (PE) fb two hand weeding at 40 and 60 DAS. Similarly, significant maximum seed yield (595 kg/ha), straw yield (900 kg/ha) and harvest index (39.7%) was observed with oxadiargyl at 0.06 kg/ha as pre-emergence fb two hand weeding at 40 and 60 DAS. Maximum weed population was measured in case of weedy check, which was followed by hand weeding (40 DAS) at all the growth stages of cumin. It may be concluded that application of oxadiargyl at 0.06 kg/ha as pre-emergence fb two hand weeding at 40 and 60 DAS may be use for higher yield of cumin.
Starspots as the cause of the intrinsic light variations in RS Canum Venaticorum type stars

We have used a theoretical model of a binary system in which one of the components has spots on its surface to interpret the light curves of three well-observed RS CVn type systems, RS CVn, SZ Psc, and RT Lac. The first two of these are detached while the third is presently semidetached. We find that by using this spot model it is possible to fit in detail both the out-of-eclipse complications and the distorted shapes of the secondary eclipses in the light curves of these stars and that the spot model gives significantly better results than any competing hypothesis for the origin of the light curv peculiarities.The surface activity in RS CVn type stars has many of the properties of solar activity. These objects undergo true spot cycles, cycles in which the number of spots and with it the spotted star's luminosity varies, on time scales only somewhat longer (2--3 times) than the 11 year solar cycle. Individual spots are significantly smaller than the spotted star's disk and have lifetimes of less than 1 year. They seem to extend over a sizable range of latitude, at least 15/sup 0/ in both hemispheres for RS CVn and RT Lac. Themore » spots are cooler than the surrounding photosphere, by at least 400 K for all three stars and 1200 K for one, and seem to be associated with the magnetic fields inferred from the polarization of radio emissions of flares and from chromospheric line emissionThe surface activity of these stars, though, appears to be more highly organized than that of the sun. The spatial distributions of spots indicate a global organization of the magnetic field structure and the mechanism producing it. Regions of enhanced mass loss, analogous to solar coronal holes, occur around the longitude of minimum spot concentration. Variations in the rate of migration in longitude of the spot distribution indicate that the rotation rate of the sources of the field depends on the phase of the spot cycle. « less
Face recognition using kernel principal component analysis

A kernel principal component analysis (PCA) was previously proposed as a nonlinear extension of a PCA. The basic idea is to first map the input space into a feature space via nonlinear mapping and then compute the principal components in that feature space. This article adopts the kernel PCA as a mechanism for extracting facial features. Through adopting a polynomial kernel, the principal components can be computed within the space spanned by high-order correlations of input pixels making up a facial image, thereby producing a good performance.
Cataract Prevalence and Its Associated Factors among Adult People Aged 40 Years and above in South Ari District, Southern Ethiopia

Background. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in Ethiopia. However, the treatment was only surgery; the expected person could not use the surgical service. So far, the World Health Organization’s goal of 2,000 people using the treatment out of a million people could not be met. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cataract and factors associated with among adult people aged 40 years and above in South Ari district of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia. Method. A community-based cross sectional study was conducted in South Ari district of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia; samples were selected using simple random sampling and eye examination. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi.info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analysis was carried by binary logistic regression. Significances were declared by using a p value of <0.05 and AOR of confidence intervals. Result. In this study, the prevalence of cataract was found to be 7.8% (95% CI: 5.0–10.6). There is an increased chance of developing cataract among females (AOR 3.52; 95% CI: 1.39–8.83), individuals with known history of hypertension (AOR 4.5; 95% CI 1.56–13.21), adults aged 70–79 years (AOR 5.07 95% CI: 1.09–23.62), and adults aged 80 years and above (AOR 6.01; 95% CI: 1.29–27.92). Conclusions. Cataract prevalence was found to be high among the study participants. Age, sex, and known history of hypertension were factors associated with cataract.
A Modification of Newton Method with Third-Order Convergence

In this paper, we present a new modification of Newton method for solving non-linear equations. Analysis of convergence shows that the new method is cubically convergent. Per iteration the new method requires two evaluations of the function and one evaluation of its first derivative. Thus, the new method is preferable if the computational costs of the first derivative are equal or more than those of the function itself. Finally, we give some numerical examples to demonstrate our method is more efficient than other classical iterative methods.
An Investigation of the Impact of Inflation on Economic Growth in the BRICS Countries

This study explores the economic growth and inflation nexus for BRICS countries. It further explores the inflation threshold level for economic growth for selected countries. This study is using data set of 1992-2019 for the whole panel of BRICS countries. It assesses the chosen variables employing Unit - Root Tests, Panel ARDL procedures, and the Kao Residual co-integration test. Furthermore, it investigates an attention-grabbing policy matter regarding turning point of inflation of BRICS countries for economic growth. This study empirically elucidates a negative significant relationship among both variables in long-run. Moreover, the threshold model proposes 9.2774% as the threshold level of inflation for BRICS beneath which inflation is beneficial and beyond which it negatively impacts GDP growth. Keeping inflation lower than threshold point is helpful for attainment of sustainable growth.
Hyers-Ulam Stability of Cubic Mappings in Non-Archimedean Normed Spaces

We give a xed point approach to the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the cubic equation f(2x + y) + f(2x y) = 2f(x + y) + 2f(x y) + 12f(x) in non-Archimedean normed spaces. We will give an example to show that some known results in the stability of cubic functional equations in real normed spaces fail in non- Archimedean normed spaces. Finally, some applications of our results in non-Archimedean normed spaces over p-adic numbers will be exhibited.
One-dimensional branching random walks in a Markovian random environment

We study a one-dimensional supercritical branching random walk in a non-i.i. d. random environment, which considers both the branching mechanism and the step transition. This random environment is constructed using a recurrent Markov chain on a finite or countable state space. Criteria of (strong) recurrence and transience are presented for this model.
The Impact of Political Marketing Via Social Media on Political Participation: An Empirical Analysis in Lebanese Context

This study investigates the impact of political marketing using social media in Lebanon. Furthermore, the study investigates the moderating influence of political interest on the link between political marketing via social media and political participation. The present study goals were satisfied using a quantitative survey approach based on data from 412 respondents. The study's findings claim that political marketing via social media influences political participation in Lebanon. Furthermore, the data show that political interest strengthens the link between political marketing via social media and political participation. This study added to the corpus of marketing literature by examining the influence of political marketing on political participation in a particular political setting, such as Lebanon. Furthermore, this study informs political parties about the impact of political marketing efforts via social media, allowing them to plan for the necessary steps to increase political participation.
Impact of surface discontinuities on flowfield structure of a micronozzle array

This work carries out two-dimensional numerical simulations of rarefied gas flow in convergent–divergent micronozzles. Such a device is considered part of a micronozzle array. Although previous studies have investigated micronozzles with continuous divergent surfaces, the present work evaluates the impact of the surface smoothness on the flowfield structure by including discontinuities on the divergent contour. Such a scenario was not previously investigated. As a secondary goal, detailed physical explanations are given for those flow features reported but not extensively discussed in previous micronozzle studies. A direct simulation Monte Carlo method is employed to describe these flows due to the moderate rarefaction degree typically observed in microdevices. The results pointed out the sensitivity of the macroscopic properties—velocity, pressure, and temperature—due to the geometric variations on the divergent surface. In addition, Knudsen number distributions are computed to map nonequilibrium flow regions. The results indicated that the proposed surface discontinuities do not play the main role in the investigated micronozzle flows. This finding was not previously reported for micronozzle flows and contradicts the expected behavior in macroflows, where shock waves and/or expansion waves arise in supersonic flows experiencing abrupt changes in the flow direction.
Melanoma-associated repair-like Schwann cells suppress anti-tumor T-cells via 12/15-LOX/COX2-associated eicosanoid production

ABSTRACT Peripheral glia, specifically the Schwann cells (SCs), have been implicated in the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in cancer progression. However, in vivo and ex vivo analyses of how cancers reprogram SC functions in different organs of tumor-bearing mice are lacking. We generated Plp1-CreERT/tdTomato mice which harbor fluorescently labeled myelinated and non-myelin forming SCs. We show that this model enables the isolation of the SCs with high purity from the skin and multiple other organs. We used this model to study phenotypic and functional reprogramming of the SCs in the skin adjacent to melanoma tumors. Transcriptomic analyses of the peritumoral skin SCs versus skin SCs from tumor-free mice revealed that the former existed in a repair-like state typically activated during nerve and tissue injury. Peritumoral skin SCs also downregulated pro-inflammatory genes and pathways related to protective anti-tumor responses. In vivo and ex vivo functional assays confirmed immunosuppressive activities of the peritumoral skin SCs. Specifically, melanoma-reprogrammed SCs upregulated 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and increased production of anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and lipoxins A4/B4. Inhibition of 12/15-LOX or COX2 in SCs, or EP4 receptor on lymphocytes reversed SC-dependent suppression of anti-tumor T-cell activation. Therefore, SCs within the skin adjacent to melanoma tumors demonstrate functional switching to repair-like immunosuppressive cells with dysregulated lipid oxidation. Our study suggests the involvement of the melanoma-associated repair-like peritumoral SCs in the modulation of locoregional and systemic anti-tumor immune responses.
Underestimated Interannual Variability of Terrestrial Vegetation Production by Terrestrial Ecosystem Models

Vegetation gross primary production (GPP) is the largest terrestrial carbon flux and plays an important role in regulating the carbon sink. Current terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) are indispensable tools for evaluating and predicting GPP. However, to which degree the TEMs can capture the interannual variability (IAV) of GPP remains unclear. With large data sets of remote sensing, in situ observations, and predictions of TEMs at a global scale, this study found that the current TEMs substantially underestimate the GPP IAV in comparison to observations at global flux towers. Our results also showed the larger underestimations of IAV in GPP at nonforest ecosystem types than forest types, especially in arid and semiarid grassland and shrubland. One cause of the underestimation is that the IAV in GPP predicted by models is strongly dependent on canopy structure, that is, leaf area index (LAI), and the models underestimate the changes of canopy physiology responding to climate change. On the other hand, the simulated interannual variations of LAI are much less than the observed. Our results highlight the importance of improving TEMs by precisely characterizing the contribution of canopy physiological changes on the IAV in GPP and of clarifying the reason for the underestimated IAV in LAI. With these efforts, it may be possible to accurately predict the IAV in GPP and the stability of the global carbon sink in the context of global climate change.