Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk taking in snow sports : a mixed methods inquiry into a link with helmet wear

Title: Risk Taking in Snow Sports: A Mixed Methods Inquiry into a Link with Helmet Wear Author: Marylou V. Robinson, PhD, FNP, CCRN Approved: Catherine Salveson, PhD, Advisor Attitudes toward risk taking and helmet wear were explored using mixed methods with 50 skiers and snowboarders aged 15-30. Triangulation from focus groups, the Risk Orientation Questionnaire, the Risk Motivation Questionnaire and the Sensation Seeking Scale-V demonstrated snow sport participants score above risk-taking norms, but do not perceive themselves to be risk takers. Risk attitude scores did not vary with equipment selection, gender, education level, or frequency of experience. Women were more risk adverse, but partook in risk-taking despite hesitations. Head injury histories did not increase helmet wear. A belief in calculated risk-taking enabled skiers to exert perceived risk control up to a taut edge; snowboarders defied risk by riding on the brink of losing control. Snowboarders and those with the least experience were more susceptible to boredom. Peer group norms superseded personal values when considering risk taking. Fashion dictates out weighed safety considerations for helmet choice. Detailed suggestions for intervention programs highlighted the strong ambivalence exhibited concerning risk taking and the adoption of helmets. Barriers and motivators for helmet adoption critically identified that participants with higher risk scores adopted helmets to facilitate learning riskier maneuvers. Title Page Approval Sheet TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement of Financial Support Acknowledgments Abstract Table of
Modeling Spatiotemporal Factors Associated With Sentiment on Twitter: Synthesis and Suggestions for Improving the Identification of Localized Deviations

Background Studies examining how sentiment on social media varies depending on timing and location appear to produce inconsistent results, making it hard to design systems that use sentiment to detect localized events for public health applications. Objective The aim of this study was to measure how common timing and location confounders explain variation in sentiment on Twitter. Methods Using a dataset of 16.54 million English-language tweets from 100 cities posted between July 13 and November 30, 2017, we estimated the positive and negative sentiment for each of the cities using a dictionary-based sentiment analysis and constructed models to explain the differences in sentiment using time of day, day of week, weather, city, and interaction type (conversations or broadcasting) as factors and found that all factors were independently associated with sentiment. Results In the full multivariable model of positive (Pearson r in test data 0.236; 95% CI 0.231-0.241) and negative (Pearson r in test data 0.306; 95% CI 0.301-0.310) sentiment, the city and time of day explained more of the variance than weather and day of week. Models that account for these confounders produce a different distribution and ranking of important events compared with models that do not account for these confounders. Conclusions In public health applications that aim to detect localized events by aggregating sentiment across populations of Twitter users, it is worthwhile accounting for baseline differences before looking for unexpected changes.
Utilização de hábitats por Coleodactylus natalensis Freire, 1999 (Squamata; Sphaerodactylidae) no Parque Estadual das Dunas de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

O bioma Mata Atlântica abriga uma grande diversidade de especies, endemismos e constitui um dos 25 hotspots mundiais. i‰ tambem um dos mais ameacados. Apesar disso, novas especies vem sendo descritas, dentre estas, Coleodactylus natalensis , endemica do Rio Grande do Norte. Para averiguar a preferencia desta especie por habitats do Parque das Dunas, foram efetuadas excursoes mensais de marco a dezembro de 2007. As coletas ocorreram em 384 quadrantes distribui­dos nos habitats de mata alta, mata baixa, vegetacao de restinga e dunas da praia. Os resultados mostram que ha preferencia desta especie por habitats mais mesicos, como a mata alta, e com menor tolerância a ambientes pouco sombreados. Palavras-chave: ecologia, conservacao, lagarto, mata atlântica
Unilateral Hyperlucent Lung in Adulthood: A Case Report of Swyer-James-Macleod Syndrome

Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome (SJMS) or Bret syndrome presents as unilateral hyperlucent lung, an uncommon pulmonary condition. The accurate diagnosis of SJMS requires high-resolution CT (HRCT), as conventional chest radiographs may underestimate this condition. We present a case of SJMS in a 54-year-old male who was managed with bronchodilators and intravenous antibiotics. This case report underscores the rarity of SJMS in adulthood, with only a limited number of cases reported globally so far. Comprehensive use of HRCT is crucial for precise diagnosis, and early intervention with appropriate medical management is imperative for favorable outcomes.
Initializing HYSPLIT with satellite observations of volcanic ash: A case study of the 2008 Kasatochi eruption

The current work focuses on improving volcanic ash forecasts by integrating satellite observations of ash into the Lagrangian transport and dispersion model, HYSPLIT. The accuracy of HYSPLIT output is dependent on the accuracy of the initialization: the initial position, size distribution, and amount of ash as a function of time. Satellite observations from passive infrared, IR, sensors are used both to construct the initialization term and for verification. Space‐based lidar observations are used for further verification. We compare model output produced using different initializations for the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi in the Aleutian Islands. Simple source terms, such as a uniform vertical line or cylindrical source above the vent, are compared to initializations derived from satellite measurements of position, mass loading, effective radius, and height of the downwind ash cloud. Using satellite measurements of column mass loading of ash to constrain the source term produces better long‐term predictions than using an empirical equation relating mass eruption rate and plume height above the vent. Even though some quantities, such as the cloud thickness, must be estimated, initializations which release particles at the position of the observed ash cloud produce model output which is comparable to or better than the model output produced with source terms located above and around the vent. Space‐based lidar data, passive IR retrievals of ash cloud top height, and model output agree well with each other, and all suggest that the Kasatochi ash cloud evolved into a complex three‐dimensional structure.
Effects of Southeastern Pacific Sea Surface Temperature on the Double-ITCZ Bias in NCAR CESM1

AbstractThe double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a long-standing bias in the climatology of coupled general circulation models (CGCMs). The warm biases in southeastern Pacific (SEP) sea surface temperature (SST) are also evident in many CGCMs. In this study, the role of SEP SST in the double ITCZ is investigated by prescribing the observed SEP SST in the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). Both the double ITCZ and dry equator problems are significantly improved with SEP SST prescribed. Both atmospheric and oceanic processes are involved in the improvements. The colder SST over the SEP decreases the precipitation, which enhances the southeasterly winds outside the prescribed SST region, cooling the ocean via increased evaporation. The enhanced descending motion over the SEP strengthens the Walker circulation. The easterly winds over the equatorial Pacific enhance upwelling and shoal the thermocline over the eastern Pacific. The changes of surface wind and wind curl lead to a weaker .
Elephant population trends and associated factors: a review of the situation in western Ghana

The Ankasa and Bia Conservation Areas and the Goaso Forest Block form a significant portion of forest elephant range in western Ghana. This paper reviews historical and recent information on elephant population trends in western Ghana and the factors associated with these trends. We used two methods: 1) monitoring trends in elephant populations using density estimates, and 2) tracking changes in elephant distribution and density due to poaching activity. Our results indicate that most elephant populations have declined in western Ghana, although a few seem to have persisted. Specifically, we recorded positive trends in two protected areas, Ankasa and Bia, where elephants seem to be recovering under good management practices, such as reduced hunting pressure and habitat management. The Goaso elephant populations have suffered major declines in both numbers and range. Currently, elephant range is confined to only a few of the reserves in the northern Goaso Forest Block. These declines were probably as a consequence of accelerated immigration of farmers into Ghana’s western region in the 1990s, resulting in increased hunting activity and habitat loss due to unregulated timber extraction and agriculture. We also show that effective elephant range is negatively affected by poaching activity, and that elephants currently do not move across the Ghana–Cote d’Ivoire boundary.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BIOCHEMICAL MEASURES, BODY COMPOSITION AND FOOD INTAKE IN OVERWEIGHT INDIVIDUALS

Objective: To evaluate the association between the anthropometric and biochemical measures, body composition and food intake in overweight individuals. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 31 individuals, aged between 19 and 59 years. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed and diet composition was analyzed. The diet quality index (DQI) was then calculated. In the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test checked the distribution of variables, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U checked the differences between them and Spearman/Pearson correlation tracked the association between the values. It was adopted p with 5% of probability. Results: The diet composition analysis showed an average intake above the Dietary Reference Intakes for carbohydrate (323.31±33.11g), protein (80.15±29.84g), lipid (77.42±31.87g) and sodium (2,896.99±1,119.05mg). The DQI values varied between 2 and 12 points, with mean value of 6.5 ± 2.2. Correlations were found between DQI and the suprailiac skinfold, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), among others. Conclusion: The sample showed a food intake profile comprising food rich in carbohydrates, lipids and sodium. The high average score of DQI (poor diet) reflects the importance of intervention measures aiming to improve the food pattern of these individuals. de ingesta alimentaria constituido por alimentos ricos en carbohidratos, lípidos y sodio. La elevada media de la puntuación del IQD (dieta pobre) refleja la importancia de medidas de intervención con el objetivo de mejorar el patrón alimentario de esos individuos. Descriptores: Estado Nutricional; Consumo de Alimentos; Composición Corporal.
LOCAL PARTICIPATION IN MANAGING WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS FROM ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: THE RIO GALA WATERSHED, ECUADOR

LOCAL PARTICIPATION IN MANAGING WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS FROM ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: THE RIO GALA WATERSHED, ECUADOR By Kristy Lynn Zhinin Artisanal gold mining (AGM) in the Rio Gala watershed is creating water quality problems that are inadequately monitored by mining companies and the Ecuadorian government. Community members have previously filled the monitoring role by participating in managing areas in which they allow AGM to enter. This thesis examines how local participation in managing water quality impacts from artisanal gold mining are shaped by political and economic forces of local, national, and international stakeholders in the Rio Gala watershed, Azuay/Guayas, Ecuador. This study also analyzes how this participation relates both historically and actually to the physical conditions of the watershed. Utilizing semi-structured interviews, river sediment collection, GIS, and observations of the area, this thesis examines the mutual relations among results on the physical conditions of the watershed and the political-economic conditions of the watershed. LOCAL PARTICIPATION IN MANAGING WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS FROM ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: THE RIO GALA WATERSHED, ECUADOR A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University In partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Geography By Kristy Lynn Zhinin Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2008 Advisor_____________________________________ (Dr. William H. Renwick) Reader_____________________________________ (Dr. Tom Klak) Reader_____________________________________ (Dr. Susan Paulson)
The Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women impacting their reproductive, mental, and metabolic health. Insulin resistance is a major driver of the pathophysiology of PCOS. There are several challenges with the management of this complex disorder including insufficient treatment options. Over the past 88 years, multiple hormonal and non-hormonal medications have been tried to treat the various components of this syndrome and there is no FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved medication specifically for PCOS yet. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have a unique mechanism of inhibiting the coupled reabsorption of sodium and glucose in renal proximal convoluted tubules. This review aims to examine the efficacy and side-effect profile of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with PCOS. In a limited number of studies, SGLT-2 inhibitors appear to be effective in improving menstrual frequency, reducing body weight and total fat mass, lowering total testosterone and DHEAS levels, and improving some glycemic indices in women with PCOS. SGLT2 inhibitors are generally well tolerated. With future research, it is possible that SGLT-2 inhibitors could become a key therapeutic option for PCOS.
Notes on the Distribution of the Ozark Logperch (Percina fulvitaenia) in the Lower Cimarron River

We document three new localities for Ozark logperch (Percina fulvitaenia) in the Lower Cimarron River of Oklahoma, including one population 166 river km upstream from any previously known collection of this species. We hypothesize that P. fulvitaenia may be more widely distributed in the Cimarron River than previously thought, but that it utilizes habitat that could make it difficult to detect during the non-breeding season. ©2015 Oklahoma Academy of Science
A Comparison of Zinc, Phosphorous and Potassium Levels in Leaves and Fruit Pulp of Healthy and Huanglongbing Affected Citrus Cultivars

Mineral nutrition plays an important role in the growth and development of plants and is a significant factor in plant disease defense. In order to determine whether the distribution pattern of mineral nutrients is correlated with the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease status, leaf and pulp samples were collected from fifteen healthy and HLB-affected cultivars of citrus from the Sargodha district of Pakistan. Samples were removed from the field-grown trees and their HLB status determined by quantitative PCR. The levels of zinc (Zn), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) were measured by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Pulp tissues contained lower levels of all three minerals regardless of the infection status. No significant change (t-test) was found in K levels associated with the HLB-affected leaves (p=0.7843) or pulp (p=0.0997). Phosphorous decreased 9% (p=0.0437) in leaves and increased 29% (p=0.0120) in pulp in HLB-affected samples compared to healthy. Zn showed a 31% (p<0.0001) decrease in infected leaves but no change in the pulp tissue (p=0.6728). These results indicate that the partitioning of Zn and P between leaves and fruit was differently affected by the HLB-infection status of the tree. However, no relationship between HLB infection status and K was observed.
Overview of Policies and Programs to Retain Black Students in Engineering

In this work in progress, we use Lee and Matusovich’s model of co-curricular support (MCCS) and the recruitment aspect of the Building Engineering and Science Talent (BEST) framework to investigate the policies, programs, and activities for, and recruitment and retention of, underrepresented students at four institutions. These four colleges of engineering are in the top 15 nationally in engineering bachelors’ degrees conferred on Black students. This information will provide background for a mixed-methods study on the choice, persistence, and attrition of Black students in computer, electrical, and mechanical engineering and is a critical first step to contextualize the student experiences to be revealed in individual interviews. We use publicly available information from web-based and other resources as well as interviews with key informants on each campus to ascertain the programs that are available on each campus and categorize them using the MCCS and BEST frameworks. This study lays the groundwork for future institutional data analysis and interviews with Black students currently or formerly enrolled in computer, electrical or mechanical engineering to uncover what causes them to enroll and persist in or leave these majors.
A Psychometric Study of the Student Evidence-Based Practice Scale S-EBPQ-Arabic Version for Use among Undergraduate Nursing Students

Background Previous studies have demonstrated the significance of evidence-based practice in improving patient care and outcomes. Therefore, integrating evidence-based practice into the health professions' education curriculum has become a pedagogical priority. However, there is a lack of reliable and valid scales to measure students' evidence-based practice usage, attitudes, knowledge, and skills in Arab countries. Aim This study aims to examine the adapted Student Evidence-Based Practice Scale Questionnaire (S-EBPQ) validity at logical statistical level and reliability for use among students in Arabic context. Methods This cross-sectional study included 233 undergraduate nursing students from a university in Saudi Arabia, who were recruited after translating and pilot testing the S-EBPQ. Three distinctive types of validity including conceptual, content, and face validity were assessed to determine the quality of the questionnaire items logically. Exploratory factor analyses were performed to examine the tool's structural validity. Additionally, internal consistency was assessed to evaluate reliability. Findings. All items were considered relevant to Arab culture, and no changes were made to any items. The content validity indices for all items were above 0.80 as this was considered an acceptable value. The exploratory factor analysis identified the same four factors (practice, attitude, retrieving and reviewing evidence, and sharing and applying evidence-based practice). All KMO values for the individual items ≥0.876 were also well above the acceptable 0.6 limit. The four-factor structure explained a total variance of 64%, with factor load score λ ≥ 0.455. The total and subscale S-EBPQ scores showed evidence of reliability, with Cronbach's alpha ≥0.8. Conclusions This study demonstrated the reliability and validity of the Arabic S-EBPQ version. The study has the potential to advance Arab countries' understanding of evidence-based practice. S-EBPQ is a validated tool that can be used to assess nursing students' knowledge of EBP practices. Since educators need to continually evaluate instructional and curricular design in order to meet contemporary nursing needs, this scale can enhance the educational process and enhance students' competencies.
Stratigraphy, facies, and evolution of deep-water lobe complexes within a salt-controlled intraslope minibasin

ABSTRACT A succession of four deep-water lobe complexes deposited within a salt-controlled minibasin have been imaged in unprecedented detail on high-resolution, high-frequency, three-dimensional seismic-reflection data. The ponded interval was deposited over approximately 2.7 m.y. and consists of four discrete sequences, each of which contains one lobe complex. A systematic change exists in the shape and orientation of the lobe complexes through time: the two older lobe complexes are oriented broadly north–south and are up to 10 km (6 mi) long by 5 km (3 mi) wide, whereas the youngest lobe complexes are oriented southeast–northwest and have a rounder shape (9 km [6 mi] long by 8 km [5 mi] wide). The north–to-south migration of the feeder-channel entry point and the change in lobe-complex orientation are attributed to growth of the basin-bounding salt structures. Each lobe complex is composed of a feeder channel, multiple individual lobes formed of a trunk channel, and a diverging network of smaller distributary channels, commonly fringed by a high-amplitude band. The lobes are on average 1.6 km (1 mi) long by 1.3 km (0.8 mi) wide and are fed by trunk channels that range from 60 to 200 m (197 ft to 656 ft) wide, with thicknesses up to 15 m (49 ft). Variations in lobe shape and spatial location are driven by the response of the lobes to topographic growth along the edge of the basin and inherited seabed relief generated by previous lobe growth. In areas where lobe development is constrained by structural growth along the edge of the basin, the lobes become elongated and divert away from the growing topography. Lobe complexes of similar scales have been described in detail in outcrops and in unconfined settings on the sea floor, but this is the first study to describe these systems in such detail in the subsurface, resolving the individual lobes and lobe elements within a ponded intraslope basin. The high-resolution plan-view images help bridge the gap between the fine-scale sedimentological studies that have been carried out on lobe complexes and sheet sands in outcrop for the past 20 yr and more recent research on less well-resolved seismically imaged systems. The sheet sands described in outcrop studies can be correlated with features seen in the plan-view amplitude extraction maps. We record densely channelized lobes passing laterally into more branched, thinner channels and lobe elements then terminating in a high-amplitude fringe. We relate these seismic characteristics to outcrop facies of channelized, amalgamated, and layered sheets.
Comparison of benthic microbial community patterns and diversity in three basins with different trophic levels of lake balaton (Hungary)

– The benthic microbial communities developing different substrata along the trophic gradient in Lake Balaton (Hungary) were analysed. Samples from north and south shoreline of three basins (keszthely, Szigliget and Siófok) were compared based on 16S and 18S rDNA denaturing gradient gel-electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprints. Composition of communities showed shift from June to August. Self-organizing map method (SOM) revealed a pronounced distinction of epipelon samples in the cases of both bacteria and eukaryotes. Besides, 16S rDNA-based patterns showed a separation of the northern and southern samples whereas the 18S rDNA-based results displayed the grouping of the basins with different trophic levels in August. Composition and diversity of benthic communities of different substrata were linked to chemical variables of the water column. Trophic gradient was mostly reflected in epipelon bacterial diversity changes. The 18S rDNA-based data showed that epilithon samples had low diversity. 16S rDNA