Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensory attributes for preparation of Paneer by using Buffalo milk and mint

Paneer an indigenous milk product prepared by acid and heat coagulation of milk is most popular in India. Paneer quality are based on the scores for flavour, body and texture, color and appearance. Buffalo milk is considered most suitable than cow milk for making paneer. Mint leaves and extracts are natural sources of antioxidant and biologically active. The present investigation was undertaken with object of studying the standard procedure of preparation of paneer by using buffalo milk and mint and studied for its sensory properties. In the present study T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were formulated in which paneer was prepared by using buffalo milk and mint was in the ratio of (100:00, 98:2, 96:4, 94:6 and 92:8) respectively. The sensory score for overall acceptability of mint paneer of treatments T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 was found to be 7.73, 7.93, 8.06, 7.66 and 7.42 respectively. Overall acceptability score of paneer by using buffalo milk and mint and control milk, highest mean score of overall acceptability was recorded in T2 (8.06) followed by T1 (7.93), T0 (7.73), T3 (7.66) and T4 (7.42). It was found that among all treatments T2 (8.06) higher score in sensory evaluation and considered as optimized product of mint paneer.
Harmful effects of sediment-induced turbidity on juvenile fish in estuaries

: Estuaries are important nursery habitats for juvenile fishes of many species, but are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic stressors. We examined the impacts of suspended sediments/turbidity on the foraging success and health of juvenile snapper Pagrus auratus F. Spari-dae, which are abundant in many northern New Zealand estuaries and comprise a major coastal fishery as adults. In the laboratory, short-term exposure to turbidity (range <10 to 160 NTU) reduced foraging success of juvenile snapper, while month-long exposure caused higher rates of gill ventilation, gill deformation (epithelial hyperplasia, fusion of the lamellae), weight loss and mortality. In 7 northern New Zealand estuaries with varying catchment land uses, total suspended sediments were negatively correlated with capture rates of juvenile snapper and the condition of individuals, and positively correlated with rates of gill deformation and gill parasite loads. Fish diets changed from zooplankton to benthic prey as turbidity increased. Collectively, our results indicate that elevated turbidity levels have strong negative effects on the health and abundance of juvenile snapper. These turbidity impacts compound the negative effects of sediments on important biogenic fish nursery habitats such as subtidal seagrass beds, likely reducing sub sequent recruitment into the fishable adult stock. Management of exploited fish species that have an estuarine life stage must consider the effects of both fishing and sediment runoff from the catchment.
Pharmacokinetics of Gambogic Acid in Rats

AIM:To study the pharmacokinetics of gambogic acid in rats.METHODS:Following i.v. administration,HPLC was used to determine gambogic acid concentration in the rat plasma,tissues,bile,feces and urine.RESULTS:Mean elimination half life time(t_(1/2)) of gambogic acid in rats plasma was about 15 min.The relationship between dose and AUC showed excellent linearity,suggesting that there was linear disposition of gambogic acid in rats in the dose range.Following i.v. administration to rat,gambogic acid mainly distributed in the organs such as liver,lung,spleen,kidney,stomach,intestine and heart.Gambogic acid was mainly excreted through bile and the percentage of the corresponding cumulative excretion was found to be about 36.5% within 16 h.In addition,only traces appeared in the feces,and no gambogic acid was detected in the urine.There were four metabolites isolated from the rat bile.Moreover,the mean plasma protein bound fraction of gambogic acid was (31.1%.)CONCLUSION:Gambogic acid was rapidly eliminated from the rat plasma, extensively distributed and metabolized in rats after i.v. administration.Following i.v. administration,gambogic acid was mainly excreted in the bile in both parent and metabolite forms.
Synthesis of Magnetite-Graphite Oxide Diatomite as an Alternative Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Ions

In this recent work, magnetite-graphite oxide-diatomite (Mag-GO-diatomite) composite was produced and was used to remove heavy metal ions, Cr3+, Cu2+ and Pb2+, in aqueous solution. GO was prepared by modified Hummer’s method and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). Mag-GO-diatomite was synthesized using a facile method and characterized by FTIR and SEM-energy dispersive Xray (EDX). Results of IR analysis revealed presence of Fe-O at 750 cm-1 which indicates strong interaction between iron oxide particles of magnetite with the ester O of GO. This was confirmed by EDX analysis which showed strong signals for Fe and O. SEM images corroborated with the IR and EDX analyses with the occurrence of a rough textural surface indicating the presence of magnetite. Adsorption of the heavy metal ions Cr3+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ on GO-diatomite revealed a greater amount of heavy metals adsorbed on the adsorbent with magnetite than the one without magnetite. Furthermore, the adsorption of the 3 metal ions on Mag-GO-diatomite in the presence of each other was investigated and results showed that there is no significant competitive adsorption between Cu2+ and Pb2+. However, Cr3+ manifested a competitive adsorption behavior with the divalent cations.
Investigating Players’ Affective States in an Interactive Environment

— The objective of this paper is to examine player experience from a Human Computer Interaction Design perspective whereby usability, aesthetics, and hedonic components can be investigated in an interactive domain. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s concept of flow has been applied to the Component of User Experience (CUE) model to measure user experience (UX) of products, and other instruments such as the Presence Involvement Flow Framework (ver. 2) (PIFF); Gameflow and Game Experience Questionnaire to evaluate game enjoyment respectively. So far, the CUE Model has been applied in simulated user-testing situation. It becomes important to gauge the potential of the CUE Model in an interactive game scenario, given that it is composed of components such as perceived usability, perceived aesthetics and emotional responses. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of two user experience models (Component of User Experience) and PIFF to examine players’ emotional responses in four different conditions (low and high usability, low and high aesthetic value) when they play two different computer game category, namely “Hard Fun” and “Easy Fun” game respectively, for the touchscreen. This research will investigate how two independent variables, usability (low and high) and visual aesthetic (low and high), of a game user interface design will affect the dependent variables: player experience, task performance and emotional responses (enjoyment).
Deforestation in Australia: drivers, trends and policy responses

Australia’s terrestrial environment has been dramatically modified since European colonisation. Deforestation – the clearing and modification of native forest for agricultural, urban and industrial development – remains a significant threat to Australia’s biodiversity. Substantial policy reform over the last 40 years has delivered a range of policy instruments aimed to control deforestation across all Australian States and Territories. Despite these policy efforts – as well as strong governance and high institutional capacity – deforestation rates in Australia were nonetheless globally significant at the turn of this century. Legislation introduced in Queensland and New South Wales during the mid-2000s was at the time seen to have effectively ended broad-scale clearing; however, recent policy changes have raised concerns that Australia may again become a global hotspot for deforestation. Here, I describe the deforestation trends, drivers and policy responses in Australia over the last four decades. Using satellite imagery of forest cover and deforestation events across Australia between 1972 and 2014, I present a comprehensive analysis of deforestation rates at a fine resolution. I discuss trends in deforestation with reference to the institutional, macroeconomic and environmental conditions that are associated with human-induced forest loss in Australia. I provide a detailed history and critique of the native vegetation policies introduced across Australia over the last 40 years, including recent legislative amendments and reviews. Finally, I comment on future prospects for curbing deforestation in Australia, including the role of incentive-based policies such as carbon farming, private land conservation and biodiversity offsets. Despite being a highly active policy space, very little is known of the effectiveness of policy responses to deforestation in Australia, and whether the recent shift away from ‘command and control’ policies will necessarily lead to better outcomes. My analysis demonstrates the need for an effective policy mix to curb deforestation in Australia, including a greater focus on monitoring, evaluation and policy learning.
EVALUASI TINGKAT EKSPLOITASI SUMBERDAYA IKAN GULAMAH (Johnius sp) BERDASARKAN DATA TPI PPS CILACAP Evaluation of Croaker Fish (Johnius sp) Resource Exploitation based on TPI PPSC Cilacap.

Croaker fish (Johnius sp) is one of small demersal fish resource which are caught by gillnet, payang and beach seine. Production of this fish in Cilacap waters increased since 2003. Uncontrolled exploitation also caused fish stock depletion. This research aimed to observe some aspect of biology of fish, average catch size, the exploitation level of Croaker fish, based on average catch size and production surplus, and catch season. The reseach method used was survey method. Sampling held by sample random survey with observing 10% of Croaker fish landed in TPI PPSC Cilacap. Primary data was collected by sex observation, length and weight measurement. Secondary data collected was production of Croaker fish fishing effort (trips) of trammel and gillnet, and monthly production of Croaker fish for the last 8 year (2000 – 2007). The result showed that growth of male Croaker fish is allometric negative, and female was isometric. Average catch size of male Croaker fish is 150 mm while female was 154 mm, bigger 50% of L∞. The sex ratio of male : female was 1 : 1,86, so that natural reproduction sustain. Exploitation level of Croaker fish resource was low (10% from MSY).
Expression of toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphism and inflammatory factors in peripheral blood on patients with sepsis

Objective: To observe the presence of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene polymorphism in the venous blood in patients with sepsis, meanwhile, to observe the expression and the diagnostic value of TLR4 mRNA, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-23 (IL-23), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with different degrees of sepsis.Methods: The peripheral blood samples from the subjects were collected to extract genomic DNA, gene sequencing and enzyme digestion method were applied to the detection of TLR4 Asp299Gly loci polymorphism. The expression of TLR4 mRNA in the peripheral blood was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-23, PCT and CRP were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: (1) The gene polymorphism was not present in TLR4 Asp299Gly loci; (2) The expression of TLR4 mRNA in the peripheral blood in patients with sepsis: on d1, there were statistically significant differences between the normal group and the group (APACHE II ≤ 20), between the normal group and the group (APACHE II > 20), between the group (APACHE II ≤ 20) and the group (AAPACHE II > 20) (t = 5.741, 14.780 and 10.500, all p < .01). APACHE II stands for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. On d7, there were statistically significant differences between the normal group and the group (APACHE II ≤ 20), between the normal group and the group (APACHE II > 20), between the group (APACHE II ≤ 20) and the group (APACHE II > 20) (t = 4.186, 13.830 and 9.645, all p < .01); (3) The expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-23, PCT and CRP were obviously upregulated (all p < .01), and TLR4 was positively correlated with IFN-γ and IL-23 (all p < .01); (4) The best cutoff value of TLR4 mRNA at baseline was 891.6 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 100% and a diagnostic specificity of 57%. The best cutoff value of IFN-γ at baseline was 84.5 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 100% and a diagnostic specificity of 57%. The best cutoff value of IL-23 at baseline was 861 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 100% and a diagnostic specificity of 97%. Conclusions: (1) The Asp299Gly polymorphism is not present in TLR4 gene; (2) The expression levels of TLR4 mRNA, IFN-γ and IL-23 are relatively high in patients with sepsis, and will be higher with the increased severity of sepsis; (3) TLR4 mRNA, IFN-γ and IL-23 can be used as molecular biomarkers for the early diagnosis of sepsis.
Effects of culling on vigilance behaviour and endogenous stress response of female fallow deer

Abstract Context. Human activities can induce behavioural and stress responses in wild animals. Information is scarce on the effects of culling on anti-predator behaviour and endogenous stress response of wild ungulates. Aims. In a Mediterranean area, we evaluated the effects of culling on vigilance, foraging and endogenous stress response of female fallow deer (Dama dama). Methods. Effects of culling were evaluated through behavioural observations and hormone analyses of faecal samples. Key results. In an area where culling occurred (C), individuals showed significantly greater vigilance rates and foraged closer to wood than in an area with no culling (NC). In C, 24 h after culling, faecal cortisol concentrations were greater than those recorded in NC, but they decreased significantly to values comparable to (48 h post-shot) and lower than (72 h post-shot) those observed in NC. Conclusions. Most likely, culling determined behavioural responses in female fallow deer, but did not trigger long-term physiological effects. Implications. Increased anti-predator behaviour may complicate the implementation of long-term culling programs.
PPP2R1A mutations in gynaecologic cancers: functional characterization and use in the genomic classification of tumours

ii Preface . iv Table of Contents . ix List of Tables . xv List of Figures . xvii List of Symbols . xix List of Abbreviations . xx Glossary . xxiv Acknowledgements . xxv Dedication . xxvii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Endometrial Carcinoma . 1 1.1.1 Histopathology of Endometrial Carcinoma Subtypes . 2 1.1.2 Molecular Genetics of Endometrial Carcinoma . 4 1.1.2.1 Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma (EEC) . 4 1.1.2.2 High-Grade Endometrial Carcinoma: Serous, Clear Cell, Carcinosarcoma . 5 1.2 Controversies in High-Grade Endometrial Classification . 6 1.3 Ovarian Carcinoma . 8 1.3. 1 Histopathology of Ovarian Carcinoma . 9 1.3. 2 Molecular Genetics of Ovarian Carcinoma . 10 1.3. 2.1 Ovarian Endometrioid (OEC) and Clear Cell Carcinoma (OCCC) . 10 1.3. 2.2 Ovarian High Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC) . 11
Ligninolytic enzymes of the white rot basidiomycetes Phlebia brevispora and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

The lignin-degrading enzyme systems of the white rot fungi Phlebia brevispora (one strain) and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (five strains were analysed. Manganes(dependent peroxidase (MnP) and laccase were found in the culturemedia of these fungi. A hydrogen peroxide-producting activity was also found in cultures of P. brevispora. Its substrate specificity is similar to that of glyoxal oxidase (Glox) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Effect of Different Undernutrition Received by Ewes at Late Pregnancy On Utilization and Mobilization of Adipose Tissue

In this study, 49 ewes ,which were oestrus at scheduled time and become pregnant, were randomly divided into 4 groups(ME:0.20 G1; 0.33 G2; 0.44 G3; 0.86 CG MJ/kgW0.75·d), at late pregnancy (90~150 days). The results indicated that during feed restriction period(late pregnancy), adipose tissue of the ewes in group CG, G3, G2 and G1 were mobilized by 2.4%, 11.3%, 17.9% and 27.9% respectively ( maternal net body weight change of ewes of each group) ,and had significant difference (P 0.01);the serum insulin concentration of the ewes in group G1, G2 and G3 tended to decrease during feed restriction period ; From d 6 to 34, the non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in all groups were decreased, and the NEFA concentrations of group G1,which is about 262.22 μmol / L, had significant difference to group G3 and CG(P 0.05); At d 54 , although the concentrations of each group were raised, which were lower than the concentrations at the initiation of the feed restriction; the concentration of group G1 was 793. 98μmol / L, however, the other groups were 1072.29,1048.19,1011.25 μmol / L. During the period of parturition, the concentration of group G1 was maintained at similar level,but the serum non-esterified fatty acid concentration of the ewes in group G2, G3 and CG tended to decrease?
ACQUIREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS OF FILAMENTOUS SPOROPHYTE OF PORPHYRA HAITANENSIS

Porphyra haitanensis is only cultured in south China. The yield of P. haitanensis is much larger than that of P. yezoensis, but the economic value of P. haitanensis is much less than that of P. yezoensis. Therefore, it is important and helpful to study on P. haitanensis in order to improve the quality and economic value of P. haitanensis.Polysaccharide is abundantly contained in P. haitanensis. Because physical and chemical characters of polysaccharide are similar to those of RNA, it is difficult to extract RNA from P. haitanensis. In this paper, RNA was extracted by improved one-step method. Ethanol was slowly added to the aqueous phase until the concentration of ethanol reached 10%—20%. After centrifugation, polysaccharide was precipitated and RNA remained in the solution. In addition, high concentration of LiCl solution could also remove some polysaccharide. mRNA was separated by Oligotex mRNA Kits (QIAGEN). cDNA library of filamentous sporophyte of P. haitanensis was constructed. Recons from cDNA library were taken out on Petri dish which contained penicillin, X-gal and IPTG. White colonies were taken to 96-well plates and cultured over night until OD_ 600 reached 0.6—0.8. Plasmids were extracted and examined by electrophoresis. ET kits (Pharmacia) were used in the reactions for sequencing and the products of reactions were precipitated and purified. Dissolved with 8μl loading buffer (Pharmacia), the products were sequenced on MegaBace1000.Low quality sequences, vector sequences and repeated sequences of ESTs were removed by Cross match and ESTs were clustered into contigs by Phrap. 91 contigs and 399 singlets were obtained.Each sequence from the 490 contigs and singlets was subjected to similarity search against the NCBI-provided non-redundant protein database, nr, using the BlastX program. 275(56.1%) of the 490 clustered ESTs showed sequence similarity to genes registered in the public databases (e-value1×10 -5) and new sequences occupied 43.9%. 275 contigs and singlets were classified via GO (Gene Ontology) method, among which 226 contigs and singlets could be classified into three sorts: cellular component, molecular function and biological process. The function of the other 49 contigs and singlets were unknown.Similarity search against over 20 000 ESTs of P. yezoensis showed that 260 (53.0%) of the 490 clustered ESTs showed sequence similarity to ESTs registered in the GenBank. 28 ESTs showed sequence similarity with the ESTs of P. yezoensis were selected and 3221 codons were contained in these ESTs. The average GC content of the third letter in the codons (73.1%) is much higher than that of the first letter (42.0%) and the second letter (58.5%). Frequency of usage of 3221 codons was analyzed. Research results shows that the GC content and usage frequency of ESTs from P. haitanensis and P. yezoensis are quite homological though they live in different environment and belong to different genus.
High-efficiency regeneration of seedlings from hypocotyl explants of tung tree (Vernicia fordii).

Tung tree [Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw] is one of the most important woody oil plants and provides the sole source of tung oil widely used in the industry. An efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration method is required for genetic transformation in tung tree. In this study, we reported an effective and reproducible regeneration method for tung tree using hypocotyl explants. The optimum condition for callus induction was observed in woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 5.0 mg L 6-benzyladenine (BA), 1.0 mg L kinetin (KT) and 0.1 mg L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with an induction rate of 100%. High frequency of shoot initiation was achieved in WPM supplemented with 1.0 mg L 6-BA, 0.05 mg L NAA and 2.0 mg L gibberellic acid (GA3), with an induction rate of 82.46%. Efficient shoot proliferation was obtained in WPM supplemented with 2.0 mg L KT, 0.05 mg L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 2.0 mg L GA3, with a multiplication index of 6.8. Shoot elongation and strengthening was noted in WPM supplemented with 1.0 mg L NAA and 2.0 mg L GA3. High rooting rate of 97.1% was achieved in 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L indolebutyric acid (IBA). The well-rooted in vitro regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to mixed substrates of peat moss: perlite: loess (1:1:1) and their survival rate reached 91.67% under natural environment. The efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration method is established from hypocotyl explants, which could be applied for agrobacterium-mediated genetics transformation in tung tree. © 2016 Friends Science Publishers