Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women in Forestry: Dilemmas of a Separate Women's Organization

This paper discusses women's organization within forestry in Norway. As a separate women's organization, Women in Forestry (JiS), which aims to increase women's influence, faces several dilemmas and challenges. One of the main dilemmas is that by founding a women's organization, gender is made visible and put into focus, while its ultimate aim is to make gender irrelevant and the organization redundant in the future. Based on interviews with founders and representatives of JiS, and with women active in forestry, written documents and the magazine The Forest Owner, the study analyses the strategies that the organization pursues to deal with this dilemma. Strategies that reduce their particularity and increase their universality include avoiding a feminist label, seeking alliances with men and having a diverse group of members.
Regulation of Interleukin-1ra, Interleukin-1α, and Interleukin-1β Production by Human Alveolar Macrophages with Phorbol Myristate Acetate, Lipopolysaccharide, and Interleukin-4

Human alveolar macrophages (AM) are antigen-presenting cells that have an important immune effector function in the lung. We have previously shown that AM produce a specific interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor of 20 to 25 kD that blocks biologic activities of IL-1α and IL-1β such as prostaglandin E2 production by fibroblasts. This inhibitor acts as a receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) by binding to the IL-1 receptor. We are now presenting evidence that the natural AM-derived IL-1ra is immunologically identical to IL-1ra cloned from human peripheral blood monocytes and shows a band at 20 kD compatible with the natural glycosylated IL-1ra. No constitutive expression of IL-1 mRNA was detected when analyzed by Northern blot immediately after bronchoalveolar lavage from six control patients. Comparison of in vitro kinetics of IL-1ra, IL-1α, and IL-1β analyzed during culture in the presence or absence of phorbol myristate acetate revealed that their mRNA expression was asynchronous. IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA were expressed aft.
Kinematic response of ice-rise divides to changes in oceanic ::::::::: ocean and atmospheric forcing

The majority of Antarctic ice shelves are bounded by grounded ice rises. These ice rises exhibit local flow regimes :::: fields : that partially oppose the flow of the surrounding ice shelves. Formation of such ice rises is accompanied by a characteristic upward arching internal stratigraphy (“Raymond arches”), archiving potential past divide migration and the onset of divide flow. Information ::::: whose :::::::: geometry ::: can ::: be ::::::: analysed :: to :::: infer :::::::::: information : about past ice-sheet conditions can therefore be retrieved :::::: changes : in areas where other archives ::: such :: as :::: rock :::::::: outcrops are missing. However, the quantitative interpretation of 5 the stratigraphy requires modelling and radar observations. Hitherto, ice-rise modelling has been restricted to 2D and excluded the coupling between ice shelf and ice rise. This presents a major limitation for the interpretation of ice rises as ice-dynamic archive. Here we present an improved modelling framework to study ice-rise evolution using a satellite-velocity calibrated, isothermal, and isotropic 3D Full-Stokes model including grounding-line dynamics at the required mesh resolution (<500 m). :::: This ::::::::: overcomes ::::::::: limitations :: of ::::::: previous ::::::: studies ::::: where ::::::: ice-rise :::::::: modelling ::: has ::::: been :::::::: restricted :: to ::: 2D ::: and :::::::: excluded ::: the :::::::: coupling 10 ::::::: between :: ice ::::: shelf ::: and ::: ice :::: rise. We apply the model to the Ekström Ice Shelfcatchment , :::::::::: Antarctica, containing two ice rises. Our ::::::::: simulations ::::::::: investigate ::: the :::::: effect :: of :::::: surface ::::: mass ::::::: balance ::: and ::::: ocean :::::::::::: perturbations :::: onto :::::: ice-rise :::::: divide ::::::: position ::: and :::::::: interpret ::::::: possible ::::::: resulting :::::: unique :::::::: Raymond ::::: Arch :::::::::: geometries. :::: Our results show that changes in the surface mass balance result in immediate and sustained divide migration (>2.0 m/yr) of up to 3.5 km. In contrast, instantaneous ice-shelf disintegration causes a short-lived and delayed (by 60-100 years) response of smaller magnitude (<0.75 m/yr). The model tracks migration of a 15 triple junction and synchronous ice-divide migration in both ice rises with similar magnitude but differing rates. The model is suitable for glacial/interglacial simulations on the catchment scale, providing the next step forward to unravel the ice-dynamic history stored in ice rises all around Antarctica.
SARS-CoV-2 virus and antibodies in front-line Health Care Workers in an acute hospital in London: preliminary results from a longitudinal study

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 infection in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) is a public health concern during the pandemic. Little description has been made of their antibody response over time in the presence or absence detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA and of symptoms. We followed a cohort of patient-facing HCWs at an acute hospital in London to measure seroconversion and RNA detection at the peak of the pandemic in London. Methods We enrolled 200 front-line HCWs between 26 March and 8 April 2020 and collected twice-weekly self-administered nose and throat swabs and monthly blood samples. Baseline and regular symptom data were also collected. Swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by polymerase chain reaction, and serum for IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies to the virus spike protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Findings We enrolled HCWs with a variety of roles who worked in areas where COVID-19 patients were admitted and cared for. During the first month of observation, 42/200 (21%) HCWs were PCR positive in at least one nose and throat swab. Only 8/42 HCW (19%) who were PCR positive during the study period had symptoms that met the current case definition. Of 181 HCWs who provided enrollment and follow-up blood samples, 82/181 (45.3%) were seropositive; 36/181 (19.9%) seroconverted during the study and 46/181 (25.4%) were seropositive at both time points. In 33 HCWs who had positive serology at baseline but were PCR negative, 32 remained PCR negative throughout follow-up. One HCW had a PCR positive swab six days after enrollment, likely representing a waning infection. Interpretation The extremely high seropositivity and RNA detection in this cohort of front-line HCWs who worked during the peak of the pandemic brings policies to protect staff and patients in the hospital environment into acute focus. Our findings have implications for planning for the expected second wave and for future vaccination roll out campaigns in similar settings. The further evidence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection indicates that asymptomatic surveillance of HCWs is essential while our study sets the foundations to answer pertinent questions around the duration of protective immune response and the risk of re-infection.
Effects of Different Energy Sources and Sulfur Amino Acids to Lysine Ratios in Diets on Growth Performance, Nutrients Digestibility and Intestinal Morphology of Post Weaning Pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of energy sources (broken rice and cassava) and standardized ileal digestibility sulfur amino acids to lysine ratio (SID SAA: Lys ratio) in diets on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and intestinal morphology of piglets. One hundred and twenty eight castrated male weaning pigs (Large White x Landrace x Duroc; initial BW, 6.67 ± 0.05 kg) were randomly divided into 8 treatments with 4 replications of 4 pigs. The experimental design was a 2 x 4 factorial treatment arrangement in Completely Randomized Design. Main effects were 2 energy sources (broken rice and cassava) and 4 ratios of SID SAA: Lys (45, 56, 64 and 72 percentage). Piglets fed with broken rice had higher ADG, ADFI and digestibility of DM and OM than those fed with cassava diet (P<0.01). Increasing SID SAA: Lys ratios linearly improved FCR (P=0.01). Consequently, to maintain the identical growth rate, dietary level of SID SAA: Lys ratio of piglets fed with cassava was higher than that of broken rice diet. Feeding cassava diet increased fiber intake, duodenal villous height and ileal crypt depth compare to the broken rice diet (P<0.05). The interaction effects of energy source and SAA: Lys ratio on intestinal morphology was found (P<0.05). High and low ratio of SID SAA: Lys in broken rice and cassava diets additionally increased duodenal villous height, respectively. Feeding piglets with broken rice resulted in higher growth rate and nutrients digestibility, lower SAA: Lys ratio requirement and shorter villous height than that of cassava diet. Morphological response seemed to be involved with synergic effects between fiber and SAA intake.
Races of Puccinia graminis on wheat, barley, and oat in Canada in 2004

Abstract Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis, is capable of causing devastating losses in cereal crops. Surveys of fields and trap nurseries of barley (Hordeum vulgare), oat (Avena sativa), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were conducted in Canada to provide incidence, severity, and virulence information on populations of P. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. graminis f. sp. avenae. Samples were collected in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec in 2004. Stem rust was absent on commercial spring wheat cultivars and found at trace levels in barley and oat fields. Environmental conditions across the Prairie region were highly unfavorable for rust infection, with historically low temperatures and above-average precipitation. Only three races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici were detected in 2004, predominantly races QFCSR (67.3%) and TPMKR (30.9%). Nine races of P. graminis f. sp. avenae were detected in 2004. The predominant races on commercial oat were TJJ (54.3%), TGB (12.8%), TJG (11.7%), and TGD (8.5%). The predominant races on wild oat were TJJ (47.8%), TGD (18.3%), TGB (13.9%), and TJD (11.3%). The frequency of race TJJ, which is virulent on all oat cultivars in Canada, declined slightly after several years of steady increase in proportion in the P. graminis f. sp. avenae population. In Ontario, only race TDJ was detected (two samples). Race TLG, which is virulent on the Pg-a gene complex and was found in Manitoba in 2003, was detected at one location on wild oat in Saskatchewan in 2004.
Alterations in the Viscoelastic Properties of Equine Synovial Fluid from Fetlock Joints with Naturally Occurring Osteoarthritis

Objective: The viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid are crucial to joint performance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the viscoelastic properties of equine synovial fluid from normal joints and joints with osteoarthritis and to detect any possible differences. Methodology: Synovial fluid was aspirated from 16 joints with osteoarthritis in a fetlock joint, obtained from 12 mature English Thoroughbred horses. Additionally, synovial fluid samples obtained from 6 normal joints were used as controls. Full rheological characterization was performed in order to measure the elastic G’ and viscous G’’ moduli. Hyaluronic acid (HA) concentration was determined using a commercially available ELISA kit. Results: Viscoelastic properties of osteoarthritic joints were significantly lower compared to the ones obtained from normal joints. Joints with osteoarthritis presented lower HA concentration compared to normal joints (p < 0.001). In addition, a negative correlation between viscoelastic properties and osteoarthritis (lameness score and radiographic score) (p < 0.001) was detected. Conclusion: Osteoarthritic joints present significantly lower viscoelastic properties and lower HA concentrations compared to normal ones. Despite considerable research, the complex role of synovial fluid as a lubricant is not fully understood. Confronting the need of developing new methods to control osteoarthritis, the horse provides an excellent animal model for tentative biomedical extrapolations.
Heavy metals removal and recovery from hazardous leather sludge

The tanning industry is one of the oldest industries in the world and is known for the production of a wide variety of toxic waste (aqueous and solid) containing chromium salts and other heavy metals. Solid waste is produced during the conversion of putrescible collagen fibres into finished non-putrescible leather products. In this process, the use of a variety of chemicals during the fleshing or trimming phases, results in different hazardous waste, such as wet blue leather, crust leather, chrome shaving, finished leather off-cuts, and unusable chrome spilt. In the present study, we deal with the treatment of these hazardous leather sludge and the recovery of heavy metals contained in them. The leather sludge was pyrolyzed in a torch plasma reactor at a temperature of 1,4001,500 °C producing an inert solid residue. However, the high temperatures involved induce the volatilization of some metals, which condense to form hazardous dusts (21.8% Zn, 0.70% Cr, 4,080 ppm Pb and 123 ppm Cd) that have to be properly dealt with. Numerous leaching tests have been conducted to maximize the amount of the individual components solubilized from the powder. Then, different treatment strategies have been combined for the recovery of the main metals: precipitation for Pb and Zn, and adsorption on chitosan for Cd.
Anthocyanin and organic acid profiles of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juices from registered varieties in Turkey

Summary This is the first study to analyse the profiles of anthocyanin (ACN) and organic acid (OA) and some physico-chemical properties of pomegranate juices (PJs) obtained from nine registered varieties in Turkey. HPLC analyses revealed that there were significant differences between ACN contents (28–447 mg L−1) and profiles (P < 0.01). The PJs contain maximum six ACNs, 3-glucosides and 3,5-diglucoside of delphinidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin. The major OA in PJs was citric acid (66–74%), followed by malic (6–12%), succinic (5–19%), nonidentified (0–14%) and tartaric acids (0.1–3.7%). Amongst individual OAs, citric acid had the most significant effects on TA (r = 0.9761), pH (r = 0.9208) values and sourness of PJs. As different from literature, results of this study revealed that malic acid contents of authentic PJs could be higher than 1.5 g L−1. Consequently, ACN and OA profiles could be successfully used in quality control because all PJs have their own typical ACN and OA profiles.
WR_2_2007 08u.indd

In this study, a 3-D analysis of sandwich-structured composite plywood was done, in the aim to determine a stress and strain distribution in their individual layers. Th e infl uence of veneer thickness ratio in plywood on bending properties of sandwich panel was observed. Th e sandwich panel has been made from 3-layer beech veneer plywood (tnom = 4.5 mm) and PVC foam core (tnom = 20 mm). Th e experimental results contain the fl exural properties of the sandwich panel, obtained by the three-point bending test method. Analysis of stress and strain distribution is carried out using the fi nite element method. Th e research results indicate that the variation of veneer thickness ratio in plywood signifi cantly changes the stress distribution in each layer of the sandwich panel. A signifi cant ratio of normal and shear stress in the transverse direction was determined in each layer of plywood, as well as in the core, which suggests the importance of their consideration in the analysis of sandwich panels.
Responses of Grass Carp, Stocked Intensively in Earthen Ponds, to Various Supplemental Feeding Regimes

Abstract Fingerling grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), averaging 4.8 g (SD, 0.21), were stocked in 16 earthen ponds (0.04 hectare) at a rate of 11,875 fish/hectare and were fed a commercial crumbled trout feed for 41 d, followed by a floating catfish starter feed for 23 d. Subsequently, the fish were assigned to four feeding regimes (each treatment replicated in four ponds) and fed for 108 d. The treatments were (1) a commercial-type catfish floating feed fed twice daily; (2) a grass carp floating feed fed twice daily; (3) the grass carp floating feed fed once daily; and (4) the grass carp feed in a sinking pellet fed twice daily. The grass carp feed contained 15% dehydrated alfalfa meal (Medicago sativa). The catfish and grass carp feeds were designed to be similar in crude protein (35%) and estimated digestible energy (3.1 kcal! kg). During the 64-d conditioning period, when all fish were treated similarly, mean fish weight increased rapidly, from 4.8 to 68.4 g (SD, 4.2). During the 108-d experimental.
Irrigated Annual Ryegrass Responses to Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Calcareous Soil

Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is increasingly being planted under irrigation as forage for stocker cattle in south central USA, but fertilizer recommendations for maximum production are not well defined. Labile N and P are generally deficient in this region's calcareous soils; K availability is usually considered adequate for plant growth. Growth responses of annual ryegrass to a factorial array of five levels of N and four levels of P were studied for 3 yr on a Knippa clay soil (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Vertic Calciustolls). Responses to N and P were generally curvilinear, but they also had a strong linear component in Year 1. Increments of growth responses to levels of fertilizer above 269 kg applied N or 39 kg applied P ha -1 were relatively small. Response surface models projected maximum annual dry matter yields that averaged 9.23 t ha -1 and were associated with predicted requirements for applied N and P that averaged 488 and 61 kg ha -1 , respectively. Economically optimal levels of applied N were predicted to range from 250 to 315 kg ha -1 ; the predicted economically optimal range for applied P was 31 to 41 kg ha -1 . Nitrogen concentration in ryegrass forage increased as applied N increased. The data suggest that fertilizing vegetative ryegrass to maintain N in leaf tissue ≥32 g kg -1 provides economically optimal growth for both the ryegrass crop and the young cattle grazing it.
University of Birmingham Tunable millimetre-wave phase shifting surfaces using piezoelectric actuators

A novel technique for tuning periodic phase shifting surfaces at millimetre-waves is presented. The proposed structure consists of a periodic surface placed over a ground plane creating an air cavity. The periodic surface is formed by a two dimensional array of metallic square loop elements printed on a 0.8mm thick dielectric substrate. When excited by a plane wave, the structure is acting as an artificial impedance surface, reflecting the incident wave with a wide range of phase values within a specific frequency band. The tuning is achieved by means of a small number of piezoelectric actuators which support the periodic surface. The actuators are placed around the periodic surfaces thereby not interfering with the radiation performance and introducing no losses. They produce a displacement between the periodic surface and the ground plane when voltage is applied, which in turn changes the reflection phase response of the structure. Full wave periodic simulations have been carried out in 3D electromagnetic simulation software (CST Microwave Studio TM ) to extract the reflection characteristics and evaluate the expected tuning range of the proposed structure. A prototype has been fabricated and measured validating the concept.
Giant Cheek Melanoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

The rare cases of primary giant melanoma described in literature have been reported of the scalp, arm, abdomen and back and the majority of the cases presented with clinically palpable regional lymphadenopathy or extensive metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. We presented a case of 74 year-old woman with a giant cheek melanoma of 10.1 cm × 8.3 cm that underwent to excisional surgery of the tumor that left behind a large cheek wound defect. We used a dermal regeneration template followed after three weeks by Split-Thickness-Skin-Graft (STSG) to cover the wound. A wide excision appeared to be resolutive to the histological analysis. No metastasis has been described by total-body computed tomography; no regional lymphadenopathy resulted by ultrasound examination of the neck.
Missing Data and Prediction

Missing data are a common problem for both the construction and implementation of a prediction algorithm. Pattern mixture kernel submodels (PMKS) - a series of submodels for every missing data pattern that are fit using only data from that pattern - are a computationally efficient remedy for both stages. Here we show that PMKS yield the most predictive algorithm among all standard missing data strategies. Specifically, we show that the expected loss of a forecasting algorithm is minimized when each pattern-specific loss is minimized. Simulations and a re-analysis of the SUPPORT study confirms that PMKS generally outperforms zero-imputation, mean-imputation, complete-case analysis, complete-case submodels, and even multiple imputation (MI). The degree of improvement is highly dependent on the missingness mechanism and the effect size of missing predictors. When the data are Missing at Random (MAR) MI can yield comparable forecasting performance but generally requires a larger computational cost. We see that predictions from the PMKS are equivalent to the limiting predictions for a MI procedure that uses a mean model dependent on missingness indicators (the MIMI model). Consequently, the MIMI model can be used to assess the MAR assumption in practice. The focus of this paper is on out-of-sample prediction behavior, implications for model inference are only briefly explored.
Diacetyl Production in Milk by an α-Acetolactic Acid Accumulating Strain of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis

Abstract When grown in skim milk, Lacrococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis D1 accumulated α -acetolactic acid at 1.7m M because of the absence of α -acetolactate decarboxylase. The α -acetolactic acid produced was unstable and underwent a chemical decarboxylation. At the beginning of the culture, the redox potential was high, and the decarboxylation of α -acetolactic acid produced diacetyl and acetoin. At the end of the culture, the redox potential was low, and α -acetolactic acid was converted into acetoin only. When synthetic α -acetolactic acid was added to skim milk or fermented milk, the chemical decarboxylation of α -acetolactic acid into diacetyl occurred only at high redox potential. The strain D1 has been cultivated under constant agitation, permitting high redox potential to be maintained. In these conditions, diacetyl production was threefold higher than in an unagitated culture. When the strain D1 was cultivated in association with an acidifying Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis strain, the amount of diacetyl was α -acetolactic acid.