Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marginal Zone Lymphoma, Immune Dysregulation, and High-Grade Transformation

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma, which includes mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, splenic MZL, and nodal MZL. Of these, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is the most frequent. While all 3 subtypes are typically indolent, a subset undergoes transformation to an aggressive B-cell lymphoma resulting in treatment challenges and a worse prognosis. We present a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren disease who developed MZL while on cyclophosphamide and steroids for treatment of her autoimmune disease. Her MZL was associated with a relatively indolent initial course. Unfortunately, her systemic lupus erythematosus continued to progress, and she ultimately required a renal transplant for end-stage renal disease due to lupus nephritis. At transplant, her MZL was thought to be in remission, but shortly thereafter, she developed an enlarging neck mass. A biopsy demonstrated background MZL with focal transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Evidence is emerging that the underlying biology of a subset of MZL based on mutational profile, gene expression, and/or cytogenetic factors may affect the risk of transformation. Immune status has not been linked to progression, but chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation in the setting of chronic infection or autoimmune disease may underlie MZL development. In addition, iatrogenic immunosuppression for solid organ transplant or acquired immunodeficiency in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus may also result in increased risk or unusual presentations of MZL. This article features a case-based approach to explore factors related to MZL progression in a patient with a complex history of autoimmunity and immune suppression.
On generators of the unstable $\mathscr A$-module $H^{*}((K(\mathbb F_2, 1))^{\times 5})$ in a generic degree and applications

Let us consider the prime field of two elements, $\mathbb F_2. $ It is well-known that the classical "hit problem" for a module over the mod 2 Steenrod algebra $\mathscr A$ is an interesting and important open problem of Algebraic topology, which asks a minimal set of generators for the polynomial algebra $\mathcal P_m:=\mathbb F_2[x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m]$, regarded as a connected unstable $\mathscr A$-module on $m$ variables $x_1, \ldots, x_m,$ each of degree 1. The algebra $\mathcal P_m$ is the $\mathbb F_2$-cohomology of the product of $m$ copies of the Eilenberg-MacLan complex $K(\mathbb F_2, 1). $ Although the hit problem has been thoroughly studied for more than 3 decades, solving it remains a mystery for $m\geq 5. $ The aim of this work is of studying the hit problem of five variables. More precisely, we develop our previous work \cite{D.P3} on the hit problem for $\mathscr A$-module $\mathcal P_5$ in a degree of the generic form $n_t:=5(2^t-1) + 18.2^t,$ for any non-negative integer $t. $ An efficient approach to solve this problem had been presented. Moreover, we provide an algorithm in MAGMA for verifying the results and studying the hit problem in general. As an consequence, the calculations confirmed Sum's conjecture \cite{N.S2} for the relationship between the minimal sets of $\mathscr A$-generators of the polynomial algebras $\mathcal P_{m-1}$ and $\mathcal P_{m}$ in the case $m=5$ and degree $n_t. $ Two applications of this study are to determine the dimension of $\mathcal P_6$ in the generic degree $5(2^{t+4}-1) + n_1. 2^{t+4}$ for all $t > 0$ and to describe the modular representations of the general linear group of rank 5 over $\mathbb F_2. $ As a corollary, the cohomological "transfer", defined by W. Singer \cite{W.S1}, is an isomorphism at the bidegree $(5, 5+n_0). $ Singer's transfer is one of the relatively efficient tools to approach the structure of mod-2 cohomology of the Steenrod algebra.
Dispersing Pd nanoparticles on N-doped TiO2: a highly selective catalyst for H2O2 synthesis

The selectivity of H2O2 synthesis directly from H2 and O2 over Pd/TiO2 catalysts was found to be improved greatly if TiO2 was doped by nitrogen before dispersing the Pd nanoparticles. The structure of Pd catalysts supported on different N-doped TiO2 was characterized with the combination of XRD, TEM, in situ CO-DRIFTS and XPS results. The average size of Pd particles (dPd: ∼2.2 nm) showed no discernible differences, while the chemical states of Pd atoms changed significantly over Pd/N–TiO2 treated in different atmospheres. The reaction rate decreases in the order of H2 > O2 > N2, corresponding to the same increasing order of Pd2+/Pd. Likely, dispersing Pd nanoparticles on N–TiO2 should be an effective way to tune the interface structure of Pd/PdO, which acts as the active site for H2O2 synthesis.
Introduced Mangroves along the Coast of Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i may Represent Novel Habitats for Megafaunal Communities

Abstract: Mangrove forests are prevalent along tropical/subtropical coastlines and provide valuable ecosystem services including coastline stabilization, storm impact reduction, and enhanced coastal productivity. However, mangroves were absent from the Hawaiian Islands and their introduction to Moloka‘i in 1902 has provided an opportunity to examine their unique influence on coastal landscapes. Previous studies indicate an inability of native detritivores to utilize tannin-rich substrates, yielding poor cycling of mangrove-derived detritus in Hawaiian tidal zones. We hypothesize that in addition to altering detrital inputs, introduced mangroves facilitate the persistence of introduced species in the Hawaiian coastal zone by providing novel habitat for juvenile megafauna. To determine whether mangrove-dominated tidal zones harbor megafaunal assemblages distinct from open sandflats, we sampled in two mangrove (M1 and M2) and two adjacent sandflat (S1 and S2) sites along the southern coast of Moloka‘i, where the most mature mangrove forests occur in Hawai‘i. There were no statistical differences in total abundances between M1 and M2 or S1 and S2; therefore, results from individual deployments were pooled across the sites in order to conduct between-habitat (mangrove vs. sandflat) comparisons. Our mangrove study site had significantly higher abundances of megafauna, including several shrimp and crab species, compared to the sandflat site. The community composition within the mangrove site differed from the sandflat site, including higher abundances of non-native mangrove crabs (Scylla serrata), as well as native fish Bathygobius cocosensis and crustaceans (Thalamita crenata, Palaemon pacificus, P. debilis) than in the sandflat site, indicating that the mangrove site may provide niches for both invasive and native species. In addition, mean body length for several similar species was smaller in the mangrove site than in the sandflat site, suggesting that these mangroves may be providing a habitat for juvenile species. While our study was spatially limited to two mangrove and two adjacent sandflat sites, our results suggest that introduced mangroves in Moloka‘i may support small-bodied, native, and non-native megafauna, influencing coastal Hawaiian trophic dynamics. Our case study provides a baseline for megafaunal fish and invertebrate communities present prior to non-native mangrove removal as well as for monitoring potential community changes following expansion of mangrove habitats due to climate change.
Leading Schools and Districts in Times of Crisis

The COVID-19 school closures highlighted the importance of crisis management for school and district leaders. Crisis management, however, has not received sufficient attention from school leadership preparation programs or education leadership researchers. This article synthesizes research spanning schools and other organizations, including those in the private sector, to describe a framework for understanding crises and crisis management in schools and districts and the key competences this literature suggests for successful navigation of crisis situations. We use this framework to discuss leaders’ responses to the COVID-19 school closures in spring 2020. We conclude with an argument for more consciously incorporating crisis management training into both preservice and in-service preparation and support for education leaders and for opening new lines of inquiry into crisis leadership at the school and district levels.
Lifting the curtain: Strategic visibility of human labour in AI-as-a-Service

Artificial Intelligence-as-a-Service (AIaaS) empowers individuals and organisations to access AI on-demand, in either tailored or ‘off-the-shelf’ forms. However, institutional separation between development, training and deployment can lead to critical opacities, such as obscuring the level of human effort necessary to produce and train AI services. Information about how, where, and for whom AI services have been produced are valuable secrets, which vendors strategically disclose to clients depending on commercial interests. This article provides a critical analysis of how AIaaS vendors manipulate the visibility of human labour in AI production based on whether the vendor relies on paid or unpaid labour to fill interstitial gaps. Where vendors are able to occlude human labour in the organisational ‘backstage,’ such as in data preparation, validation or impersonation, they do so regularly, further contributing to ongoing techno-utopian narratives of AI hype. Yet, when vendors must co-produce the AI service with the client, such as through localised AI training, they must ‘lift the curtain’, resulting in a paradoxical situation of needing to both perpetuate dominant AI hype narratives while emphasising AI’s mundane limitations.
Experiential Exercise in Team Formation in the Capstone: Providing Students With the Information to Make Good Team Choices

Just as there is a tension between business professors’ practice of assigning team projects, especially in capstone courses, and students’ inclination to avoid them, there is also a tension between students’ desire to choose their own teammates and professors’ belief that they can do a better job of team creation. Professors have learned that when students choose teams, they can have problems of homogeneity, unbalanced skills, and unchosen students; however, when professors try to form teams for fairness and balance, students often resent it. This article presents a fun, engaging experiential exercise for effective team formation that combines the benefits of both student-directed and professor-directed methods. The exercise, conducted over one or two class meetings, allows students to learn about well-balanced team construction, present themselves to their classmates, interview each other, and choose who they would like to work with without the restrictions of seat proximity or prior connection. Results show students perceived that their teams were more available for meetings and exhibited more cohesiveness and higher performance than previous project teams, and strongly preferred this method. Instructions, worksheets, diagrams, and empirical support are shared in this article to allow professors to smoothly implement this exercise in their own classrooms.
The impact of transformational leadership and interactional justice on follower performance and organizational commitment in a business context

The relationships between transformational leaders and several follower outcomes have been well investigated, but the mechanism through which these leadership behaviors relate to such outcomes is relatively unexplored. By investigating the mediating role of interactional justice, using structural equation modeling analyses, and data collected from supervisors and direct reports at various organizational levels, the present study provides insight into the psychological processes underlying transformational leadership and its effectiveness on follower outcomes. In line with social exchange theory, the main takeaway from the present study is suggesting that leaders, who display transformational leadership behavior in a manner perceived by followers as respectful, fair, and consistent with moral and ethical standards, may expect greater follower organizational attachment as an appropriate response to interactional justice.
What do we see when we look at networks: Visual network analysis, relational ambiguity, and force-directed layouts

It is increasingly common in natural and social sciences to rely on network visualizations to explore relational datasets and illustrate findings. Such practices have been around long enough to prove that scholars find it useful to project networks in a two-dimensional space and to use their visual qualities as proxies for their topological features. Yet these practices remain based on intuition, and the foundations and limits of this type of exploration are still implicit. To fill this lack of formalization, this paper offers explicit documentation for the kind of visual network analysis encouraged by force-directed layouts. Using the example of a network of Jazz performers, band and record labels extracted from Wikipedia, the paper provides guidelines on how to make networks readable and how to interpret their visual features. It discusses how the inherent ambiguity of network visualizations can be exploited for exploratory data analysis. Acknowledging that vagueness is a feature of many relational datasets in the humanities and social sciences, the paper contends that visual ambiguity, if properly interpreted, can be an asset for the analysis. Finally, we propose two attempts to distinguish the ambiguity inherited from the represented phenomenon from the distortions coming from fitting a multidimensional object in a two-dimensional space. We discuss why these attempts are only partially successful, and we propose further steps towards a metric of spatialization quality.
Absolute quantitation of individual SARS-CoV-2 RNA molecules: a new paradigm for infection dynamics and variant differences

Despite an unprecedented global research effort on SARS-CoV-2, early replication events remain poorly understood. Given the clinical importance of emergent viral variants with increased transmission, there is an urgent need to understand the early stages of viral replication and transcription. We used single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridisation (smFISH) to quantify positive sense RNA genomes with 95% detection efficiency, while simultaneously visualising negative sense genomes, sub-genomic RNAs and viral proteins. Our absolute quantification of viral RNAs and replication factories revealed that SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA is long-lived after entry, suggesting that it avoids degradation by cellular nucleases. Moreover, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 replication is highly variable between cells, with only a small cell population displaying high burden of viral RNA. Unexpectedly, the B.1. 1.7 variant, first identified in the UK, exhibits significantly slower replication kinetics than the Victoria strain, suggesting a novel mechanism contributing to its higher transmissibility with important clinical implications. Graphical Abstract In brief By detecting nearly all individual SARS-CoV-2 RNA molecules, we quantified viral replication and defined cell susceptibility to infection. We discovered that a minority of cells show significantly elevated viral RNA levels and observed slower replication kinetics for the Alpha variant relative to the Victoria strain. Highlights Single molecule quantification of SARS-CoV-2 replication uncovers early infection kinetics There is substantial heterogeneity between cells in rates of SARS-CoV-2 replication Genomic RNA is stable and persistent during the initial stages of infection B.1. 1.7 variant replicates more slowly than the Victoria strain
Haemosporidian Blood Parasites in nestling birds of prey in Mongolia

Haemosporidians are vector-transmitted intracellular parasites that happen in numerous bird species worldwide and may possibly have important effects for wild bird populations. Studies of haemosporidians most dedicated on Europe and North America, and only newly some study in the Neotropics has been done, where the occurrence and influences of the disease have been less considered and are not understood well. In this study we designed a study in the nestling birds of prey in Mongolia. We sampled blood from 72 raptors at 2 different species and evaluated avian haemosporidian infection by two nested PCR protocol and one Real time PCR protocol. Sequencing a portion of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of the parasite. From the sampled birds, 10 % were infected by Plasmodium. Inclusive, our findings advocate a high haemosporidian species richness in the bird community of Mongolia. In view of the frequency of local habitat loss that in this area is living, recognize how avian haemosporidians affect bird populations it is very important; in addition, more exhaustive sampling is required to fully understand the range of avian haemosporidian infection in this area.
A TRAF-like E3 ubiquitin ligase TrafE coordinates endolysosomal damage response and cell-autonomous immunity to Mycobacterium marinum

Cells are perpetually challenged by pathogens, protein aggregates or chemicals, that induce plasma membrane or endolysosomal compartments damage, recognised as severe stress and controlled downstream by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and the autophagy machineries that are recruited to damaged membranes to either repair or to remove membrane remnants. Yet little is known about the upstream endolysosomal damage response (ELDR) factors that sense damage and lead to extensive tagging of the damaged organelles with signals, such as K63-polyubiquitin, required for the recruitment of ELDR components. To explore ELDR key factors responsible for detection and marking of damaged compartments we use the professional phagocyte Dictyostelium discoideum. We found an evolutionary conserved E3-ligase, TrafE, that is robustly recruited to intracellular compartments disrupted after infection with Mycobacterium marinum or after sterile damage caused by chemical compounds. TrafE acts at the intersection of ESCRT and autophagy pathways and plays a key role in functional recruitment of the ESCRT subunits ALIX, Vps32 and Vps4 to damage sites or maturing autophagosomes. Importantly, we show that the absence of TrafE severely compromises the xenophagy restriction of bacteria as well as ESCRT-mediated and autophagy-mediated ELDR, resulting in early cell death.
Neural dynamics of stroboscopic stimulation at different stimulation frequencies

Stroboscopic stimulation has been previously shown to induce visual hallucinations and altered states of consciousness, state by entraining the brain to the driving frequency, similar to those reported during the psychedelics although little systematic research exists on the effect of specific stimulation frequency on experience. The present study investigated the effects of different stroboscopic stimulation frequencies on neural dynamics, such as signal diversity (Lempel-Ziv complexity) and spectral power and attempted to relate these changes to self-reported changes in experiential content. The results indicated that the stimulation frequencies near the alpha band (8 – 12 Hz) caused the greatest increase across all neural measures, with 8 Hz consistently displaying the most pronounced results, relative to baseline. All tested frequencies led to an increase in all experiential dimensions, relative to baseline.
Effort prediction for the software project construction phase

The construction phase effort prediction is needed for assigning resources to teams of practitioners destined specifically to this phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC). Construction effort (CE) has been reported between 27.5% and 58% of the total SDLC effort causing the uncertainty of taking these percentages as reference. A support vector regression (SVR) training involves quadratic programming problems that can analytically be solved using a sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm. Moreover, a Pearson VII (PUK) kernel is useful to replace a set of kernel functions commonly used by a SVR. The objective of this study is to apply the SMO with the PUK to train SVR for predicting CE. The SVR model trained with the SMO algorithm having as kernel to the PUK (SVR‐SMO‐PUK) prediction accuracy was statistically compared to those accuracies obtained from statistical regression (SR), neural network (NN), and two types of SVR. Seven international public data sets of software projects were used. Results showed that the SVR‐SMO‐PUK was better than the SR in five data sets and better than NN in two of these five data sets. It was equal than SR and NN in the remaining two data sets. It was equal than ε‐SVR and ʋ‐SVR in the seven data sets. Thus, the SVR‐SMO‐PUK is useful to software managers to predict CE.
Fixed-Time Stable Proximal Dynamical System for Solving MVIPs

In this article, a novel modified proximal dynamical system is proposed to compute the solution of a mixed variational inequality problem (MVIP) within a fixed time, where the time of convergence is finite and is uniformly bounded for all initial conditions. Under the assumptions of strong monotonicity and Lipschitz continuity, it is shown that a solution of the modified proximal dynamical system exists, is uniquely determined, and converges to the unique solution of the associated MVIP within a fixed time. Furthermore, the fixed-time stability of the modified projected dynamical system continues to hold, even if the assumption of strong monotonicity is relaxed to that of strong pseudomonotonicity. Finally, it is shown that the solution obtained using the forward-Euler discretization of the proposed modified proximal dynamical system converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the solution of the associated MVIP within a fixed number of time steps, independent of the initial conditions.
Exploring The Correlation between Cyber Security Awareness, Protection Measures and the State of Victimhood: The Case Study of Ambo University's Academic Staffs

The advancement of information communication technology has triggered a revolution in using the Internet for legitimate educational purposes on university campuses. Therefore, the Internet has changed the way of human communication and contributed to the development of mankind. On the other hand it is regrettable that its revolution has helped malicious users to exploit it for the malign purpose to commit a cyberspace crime that has in turn negatively affected fellow users who were preyed on by cyber predators. This work aimed to examine the awareness of cybersecurity, the measures taken to protect against cyberattacks and the state of victimization among professors at Ambo University. Thus, the present study comes up with the following findings. First, the result shows that the respondents’ cybersecurity awareness was significantly influenced by cyber-crime victimization, fields of study, and protection measures. Second, the current study also depicts that the respondents’ protection measures were connected to and influenced by cyber-crime victimization, education level, and cyber-security awareness. Finally, the study’s findings show that being a cyber-crime victim has been linked to predictors’ variables: protection measures and the level of cybersecurity awareness.