Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of a miniature intracranial pressure monitor, its function during magnetic resonance scanning, and assessment of image artifact generation.

OBJECTIVE We examined the accuracy and repeatability of an intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor (Codman MicroSensor; Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc., Raynham, MA) in a nonmagnetic environment and during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The resulting image artifact generation was calculated. ICP monitoring is essential in management of severe head injury, but few ICP monitoring devices are compatible with use in an MRI scanner. The use of MRI to assess head injury is increasing, and developing safe methods of continuously monitoring ICP may improve patient care. METHODS A water manometer was used as the standard for comparison. We assessed pressure readings from the ICP monitor in a nonmagnetic environment using a standard and a long connector cable between the pressure transducer and display unit. This long cable permitted testing during MRI sequences because the display unit could be distanced from the magnet. Accuracy was determined during T2-weighted imaging, proton spectroscopy, and diffusion-weighted imaging, and artifact generation was assessed. RESULTS We found a high degree of accuracy for repeated measurements over a clinical pressure range using both standard and long connector cables outside the MRI room. During MRI scanning, the ICP monitor was accurate during T2 and proton spectroscopy sequences. Accuracy during diffusion-weighted imaging, however, was clinically unacceptable. This ICP monitor creates a reduction in signal-to-noise ratio in the received signal during T2-weighted imaging and proton spectroscopic imaging, with the obtained images still radiologically interpretable. CONCLUSION The Codman ICP monitor is sufficiently accurate and free of artifact generation to be used during most clinical MRI applications. This could enhance patient monitoring and safety.
Geothermal Heating in the Panama Basin. Part II: Abyssal Water Mass Transformation

Diabatic upwelling of abyssal waters is investigated in the Panama Basin employing the water mass transformation framework of Walin [1982]. We find that, in large areas of the basin, the bottom boundary layer is very weakly stratified and extends hundreds of meters above the sea floor. Within the weakly stratified bottom boundary layer (wsBBL) neutral density layers intercept the bottom of the basin. The area of these density layer incrops increases gradually as the abyssal waters become lighter. Large incrop areas are associated with strong diabatic upwelling of abyssal water, geothermal heating being the largest buoyancy source. While a significant amount of water mass transformation is due to extreme turbulence downstream of the Ecuador Trench, the only abyssal water inflow passage, water mass transformation across the upper boundary of abyssal water layer is accomplished almost entirely by geothermal heating.
3D Active Shape Model for Automatic Facial Landmark Location Trained with Automatically Generated Landmark Points

In this paper, a 3D Active Shape Model (3DASM) algorithm is presented to automatically locate facial landmarks from different views. The 3DASM is trained by setting different shape and texture parameters of 3D Morphable Model (3DMM). Using 3DMM to synthesize training data offers us two advantages: first, few manual operations are need, except labeling landmarks on the mean face of 3DMM. Second, since the learning data are directly from 3DMM, landmarks have one to one correspondence between the 2D points detected from the image and 3D points on 3DMM. This kind of correspondence will benefit 3D face reconstruction processing. During fitting, 3D rotation parameters are added comparing to 2D Active Shape Model (ASM). So we separate shape variations into intrinsic change (caused by the character of different person) and extrinsic change (caused by model projection). The experimental results show that our method is robust to pose variation.
A Performance Analysis of the Ammasso RDMA Enabled Ethernet Adapter and its iWARP API

Network speeds are increasing well beyond the capabilities of today's CPUs to efficiently handle the traffic. This bottleneck at the CPU causes the processor to spend more of its time handling communication and less time on actual processing. As network speeds reach 10 Gb/s and more, the CPU simply can not keep up with the data. Various methods have been proposed to solve this problem. High performance interconnects, such as Infiniband, have been developed that rely on RDMA and protocol offload in order to achieve higher throughput and lower latency. In this paper we evaluate the feasibility of a similar approach which, unlike existing high performance interconnects, requires no special infrastructure. RDMA over Ethernet, otherwise known as iWARP, facilitates the zero copy exchange of data over ordinary local area networks. Since it is based on TCP, iWARP enables RDMA in the wide area network as well. This paper provides a look into the performance of one of the earliest commodity implementations of this emerging technology, the Ammasso 1100 RNIC
Fixed Rehabilitation of Edentulous Mandibles Using 2 to 4 Implants: A Systematic Review

Objective:This systematic review evaluated survival rates, marginal bone loss (MBL), and complications of using 2 to 4 implants to support full-arch fixed prostheses in the mandible. Materials and Methods:An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify relevant articles published until March 2015. Articles were critically reviewed to determine the level of quality. Results:The initial search resulted in 910 articles from PubMed/MEDLINE, 162 titles from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and 363 from the Web of Science. After an initial assessment and careful reading, 19 studies published between 1999 and 2014 were included in this review. Conclusions:The results of this review suggest that full-arch fixed dental prosthesis in mandible supported by 2 to 4 implants exhibited a low rate of failures for implants and prostheses, a low rate of MBL, and a low rate of biomechanical and biological complications.
Interconnect and Communication Synthesis for Distributed Register-File Microarchitecture

Distributed register-file microarchitecture (DRFM) which comprises multiple uniform blocks (called islands), each containing a dedicated register file, functional unit(s) and data- routing logic, has been known as a very attractive architecture for implementing designs with platform-featured on- chip memory or register-file IP blocks. In comparison with the discrete-register based architecture, DRFM offers a higher degree of opportunity of reducing the cost of global (inter- island) connections by confining as many the computations to the inside of the islands as possible. Consequently, for DRFM architecture, two important problems to be solved effectively in high-level synthesis are: (problem 1) scheduling and resource binding for minimizing inter-island connections, and (problem 2) data transfer (i.e., communication) scheduling through the inter-island connections for minimizing the access conflicts among the data transfers. This work proposes novel solutions to the two problems. Specifically, for problem 1 previous work solves it in two separate steps: (i) scheduling and (ii) then determining the inter-island connections by resource binding to islands. However, in our algorithm called DFRM-int, we place primary importance on the cost of interconnections. Consequently, we minimize the cost of interconnections first to fully exploit the effects of scheduling on interconnect and then to schedule the operations later. For problem 2, previous work tries to solve the access conflicts by forwarding data directly to the destination island. However, in our algorithm called DFRM-com, we devise an efficient technique of exploring an extensive design space of data forwarding indirectly as well as directly to find a near-optimal solution. By applying our proposed synthesis approach DFRM-int+DFRM-com we are able to reduce the inter-island connections by 18.1% more, compared to that by the DRFM approach in [4], even completely eliminating register-file access conflicts, which could never been resolved by [4], without any latency increase.
Application of Organic Coagulants in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Coagulation is an essential mechanism that occurs in most conventional water and wastewater treatment plants. This occurs in a physical purification unit involving transport processes and the addition of coagulants for chemical reactions, charge neutralization, and formation of smaller flocs to agglomerate into larger flocs. This enhances the effective removal of recalcitrant contaminants by downstream processes. However, poor treatment of wastewater might have a high negative impact on biodiversity and the environment in general. This chapter seeks to address the limitation of employing inorganic coagulants by evaluating the efficiency of organic coagulants and exploring the factors and mechanism governing coagulation in a physiochemical treatment process of water and wastewater resources. The effect of pH, coagulant type and dosage to ease the high sludge production and discharge of residual metals into the downstream waters is addressed. The emerging of organic coagulants and technology to mitigate the performance and recovery of mineral coagulants from wastewater treatment residual is been proposed.
Integrating Fast and Slow Cognitive Processes

This work is supported by the Center for Social Complexity of George Mason University and by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under a Multi-disciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) grant N00014-08-1-0921 and 125 grants N0001407WX20452 and N0001408WX30007 to J. Gregory Trafton at Naval Research Laboratory.
Developments and directions in speech recognition and understanding, Part 1 [DSP Education]

To advance research, it is important to identify promising future research directions, especially those that have not been adequately pursued or funded in the past. The working group producing this article was charged to elicit from the human language technology (HLT) community a set of well-considered directions or rich areas for future research that could lead to major paradigm shifts in the field of automatic speech recognition (ASR) and understanding. ASR has been an area of great interest and activity to the signal processing and HLT communities over the past several decades. As a first step, this group reviewed major developments in the field and the circumstances that led to their success and then focused on areas it deemed especially fertile for future research. Part 1 of this article will focus on historically significant developments in the ASR area, including several major research efforts that were guided by different funding agencies, and suggest general areas in which to focus research.
Mus spicilegus Endogenous Retrovirus HEMV Uses Murine Sodium-Dependent Myo-Inositol Transporter 1 as a Receptor

ABSTRACT We sought to determine the relationship between two recent additions to the murine leukemia virus (MLV) ecotropic subgroup: Mus cervicolor isolate M813 and Mus spicilegus endogenous retrovirus HEMV. Though divergent in sequence, the two viruses share an Env protein with similarly curtailed VRA and VRB regions, and infection by both is restricted to mouse cells. HEMV and M813 displayed reciprocal receptor interference, suggesting that they share a receptor. Expression of the M813 receptor murine sodium-dependent myo-inositol transporter 1 (mSMIT1) allowed previously nonpermissive cells to be infected by HEMV, indicating that mSMIT1 also serves as a receptor for HEMV. Our findings add HEMV as a second member to the MLV subgroup that uses mSMIT1 to gain entry into cells.
Trace element parameterisation for slab fluid composition from K-free oceanic crust

The geodynamical conditions of subduction zones make this tectonic environment essential for global geochemical cycles and for the heterogeneity of the Earth’s mantle. A complex series of processes such as slab dehydration, melt/fluid percolation, sediment/mantle wedge melting and fractional crystallisation, is responsible for continental crust generation and the particular chemical signature of island arc basalts. Moreover, trace element signatures can be used as a proxy for the influence of each of these processes during the formation of island arc basalts. To quantify these signatures, it is necessary to use mineral–melt or mineral–fluid partition coefficients. While mineral–melt partition coefficients are well studied and used to identify different magmatic processes, slab–fluid interactions at different P-T-X conditions are poorly due to a lack of sufficient, integrated data on this subject. An extensive compilation of experimental partition coefficient (Dimin/fluid) data for trace elements between a range of relevant K-free minerals and aqueous fluids was compiled in order to parameterise the partition coefficients at different temperatures. Most mineral–fluid partition coefficients have a negative correlation with temperature, where fluids become more enriched at higher P-T conditions in the subduction zone. The exception to this is zoisite, for which most of the trace element partition coefficients increase with increasing temperature, meaning larger concentrations of trace element are retained in zoisite. The integration of partition coefficients in a combined geodynamical-thermodynamical subduction model allows prediction of the fluid trace element composition during mineral dehydration in a subduction process. This method was used to simulate the fluid composition resulting from K-free basaltic crustal dehydration in natural examples of a cold (Marianas) and a hot (Vanuatu) subduction zone. Generally, the fluids calculated in this work show enrichment in fluid-mobile (FM) elements and LILEs in comparison with REEs and HFSEs. Moreover, fluids released at shallow depth will be less enriched in trace elements in comparison with those released at greater depth. Comparison of Ba/Yb and Ba/Th ratios of the fluids calculated here with arc basalts from the two natural subduction zones show similarities, which illustrates that fluids with a similar composition as those calculated in this dissertation were likely involved in the origin of the primitive IAB from these examples.
The value of plasticity index (IP) and liquidity index (IL) of North Polish ablation boulder clays and varved clays depending of the method of its determination

Article determins a correlation between the values of the plasticity and liquidity index (IP, IL) of cohesive soils achieved by various laboratory methods (on the basis of Casagrande apparatus and cone penetrometer method) and consists research results on natural clayey soils of known origin and strictly defined genetic features, described in detail in terms of particle size and mineralogy (the North Polish ablation boulder clays and varved clays).
Consistent Weighted Sampling

We describe an ecient procedure for sampling representatives from a weighted set such that the probability that for any weightings S and T, the probability that the two choose the same sample is the Jacard similarity: Pr[sample(S) = sample(T)] = P x min(S(x),T(x)) P x max(S(x),T(x)) . The sampling process takes expected time linear in the number of non-zero weights, independent of the weights themselves. We discuss and develop the implementation of our sampling schemes, reducing the requisite computation substantially, and reducing the randomness required to only four bits in expectation.
Examination of characteristics and management of children with hearing loss and autism spectrum disorders

Abstract Objective: Up to 40% of children with hearing loss present with other developmental disabilities. The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children with permanent hearing loss, to describe the audiologic characteristics, and to examine clinical management. Design: Prospective data related to clinical characteristics of children identified with hearing loss and ASD were examined. A retrospective chart review was also conducted to explore clinical management and uptake of amplification. Study sample: The study included all children in one Canadian region identified with permanent hearing loss and followed from 2002–2010. Results: Of a total of 785 children with permanent hearing loss, 2.2% (n = 17) also received a diagnosis of ASD. The 13 boys and 4 girls presented with a range of audiologic profiles from unilateral to profound bilateral hearing loss. Four of five children with unilateral hearing loss experienced progression to bilateral loss. Amplification was recommended for all but one child and 9 of 16 children continued to use their hearing devices. Conclusions: The higher prevalence rate of ASD in this clinical population is consistent with previous reports. Our findings suggest that some children with autism can derive benefits from the use of amplification.
Health Policy in the Clinton Era: Once Bitten, Twice Shy

This paper reviews the formation and outcomes of health policy making during the Clinton Administration. We begin by reviewing the state of the health economy at the dawn of the Clinton era. We then review the promise and pitfalls of the Health Security Act, and its implications for all health policy that followed. We then turn to discussing accomplishments and failures in a variety of other areas of health policy: coverage expansions; insurance market regulation; Medicaid reforms; long term care; tobacco regulation; and other public health. We conclude that the dramatic failure of the HSA led to a very cautious and incremental approach to health policy making in subsequent years, but that viewed from the perspective of that that low point the health policy gains in the Clinton years were actually quite substantial.
Activity recognition using a hierarchical model

In this paper, we propose a human daily activity recognition method that is used for Ambient Assisted Living. The proposed system is able to learn a user's activities using the data from motion and door sensors. We extract low level features from the sensor data and feed the features to a model that combines support vector machines (SVMs) and conditional random fields (CRFs) to give accurate recognition results. We propose to combine SVM and CRF classifiers in a hierarchical model which results in better accuracies and can also make use of high level features. We conducted experiments and presented the effectiveness and accuracies of the proposed method.
Childhood Posterior Circulation Arterial Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Limited data exist on childhood posterior circulation arterial ischemic stroke (PCAIS). We describe clinical and radiological features of childhood PCAIS to determine whether there are differences in infarct topography, vascular abnormalities, risk factors, and stroke subtypes when compared to adults. Methods— Children with radiologically confirmed PCAIS were prospectively identified from August 2002 to February 2008. Infarcts were divided into proximal, middle, and distal posterior circulation segments utilizing an adult topographical classification system. Vascular abnormalities were described in terms of location, severity, and evolution over time. A pediatric modification of the TOAST classification system was used to define stroke subtypes. Results— Twenty seven (37%) of 73 children recruited to our registry had 34 radiologically confirmed PCAIS events. Infarct location was distal (25), middle (2), proximal (1), and multiple segments (6). Fourteen events were associated with single infarcts and 20 were associated with multiple infarcts. Magnetic resonance angiography was abnormal in 16 of 25 children with PCAIS at presentation with stenosis (8) or occlusion (8). Vascular lesions progressed (5), transiently worsened before stabilizing (2), remained stable or improved (8), or normalized (1) over 12 months. Stroke subtypes included nonprogressive steno-occlusive cerebral arteriopathy (9), cardioembolic (4), dissection (3), Moyamoya syndrome (3), other determined (4), probable (1), and undetermined etiology (3). Fifty-two percent of children had recurrent posterior (6) or anterior (8) strokes. Conclusions— Nonprogressive arteriopathies are the most common cause of childhood PCAIS, usually affecting distal segments. Atherosclerosis-related risk factors do not play an important role in stroke causation. PCAIS is frequently associated with recurrent events.
Research and development of mecanum-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot implemented by multiple control methods

A mecanum-wheeled robot is a kind of popular and representative omnidirectional mobile robot, which can move in all directions on the work plane, e.g. forth and back, sideway and spin. In this paper, a kinematics model of a mecanum-wheeled robot is analyzed and discussed. Based on the model, two omnidirectional mobile robots are designed and developed. Because robots implemented by multiple control methods have more flexible and adaptable in different occasions, three control methods: speech recognition, Bluetooth and infrared remote control are applied to the two robots. Then, motion of the two robots controlled by three modes are compared and concluded.
An empirical study on the effectiveness of time-aware test case prioritization techniques

Regression testing is often performed with a time budget and it does not allow executing all test cases. Test case prioritization techniques re-order test cases to increase the rate of fault detection. Several time-aware test case prioritization techniques have been proposed to satisfy a time budget. Since it is difficult to collect the time cost of each test case in some cases, a natural question is whether it is worth using such information when prioritizing test cases. In this paper, two most popular criteria: statement coverage and fault detection are considered for time-aware test case prioritization. We investigate whether the time cost of each test case affects the effectiveness of prioritization techniques, i.e. the rate of statement coverage and the rate of fault detection. Our empirical study shows that: although the techniques considering the time cost of each test case are slightly better than the techniques not considering such information in some cases, they have no significant difference in most cases.