Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Goddess of Fortune

Whoever said money doesn't grow on trees has probably never taken a good look at the Quote 500 rich list. The Quote 500 is a magazine published every year in the fall, that contains lists and rankings of the Netherlands's wealthiest citizens. In this paper the fortunes of the richest are classi ed as either a inherited fortune or a self-made fortune. Next I investigate how the status of the fortune, self-made or inherited, a ects the trend of the fortune. Additionally, I investigate whether the economic sector of origin of the fortune has a signi cant e ect on the trend of the fortune. Lastly I look at whether inherited and self-made fortunes are generally achieved in speci c sectors. The models created to perform this research include a two-step linear regression model and a Bayesian stochastic multi-level model. The results indicate that when a fortune is inherited this has a positive e ect on the trend of the fortune. Furthermore the sectors Industry, Construction, Transport Storage and Communication and Immovable Property and Rental of Movable Property and Services have a signi cant negative e ect on the trend of the fortune and last we generally nd inherited fortunes in the sector Trade and self-made fortunes are most found in the sector Immovable Property and Rental of Movable Property and Services.
A congestion downstream of PSI causes the over-reduction of the electron transport chain in pgr5 independent of membrane energization

The thylakoid protein Proton Gradient Regulation5 (PGR5) is thought to be a key component of cyclic electron flux around photosystem I. The pgr5 mutant is characterized by impaired proton motive force (pmf) formation across the thylakoid membrane, decreased photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and an over-reduction of the PSI acceptor side. This over-reduction has been attributed to impaired photosynthetic control, which down-regulates plastoquinol re-oxidation at the cytochrome b6f complex when the lumen is strongly acidified. Here, using the cgl160 ATP synthase assembly mutant, we show that in cgl160 pgr5 double mutants, both the pmf across the thylakoid membrane and NPQ are fully restored to wild-type levels. However, the acceptor-side limitation of PSI in the double mutants stays comparable to the single pgr5 mutant. This demonstrates that impaired photosynthetic control is not causal for the over-reduction of the PSI acceptor side in pgr5. Instead, we show that both in pgr5 and the clg160 pgr5 mutants, the entire high-potential chain from cytochrome f to PSI remains strongly reduced in high light. This leads to insufficient oxidizing power for plastoquinol re-oxidation by the cytochrome b6f complex, thus impairing pmf formation. We conclude that PGR5 plays a critical role in electron partitioning downstream of PSI.
Upland Watershed Management and Global Change - Canada's Rocky Mountains and Western Plains

1 Upland Watershed Management and Global Change – Canada’s Rocky Mountains and Western Plains Dave Sauchyn, Alain Pietroniro and Michael Demuth 1 Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative, University of Regina, SK; sauchyn@uregina.ca 2 National Hydrology Research Centre, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SK; al.pietroniro@ec.gc. ca 3 Glaciology Section, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa; mdemuth@NRCan.gc. c Introduction
The annual cycle of the surface energy balance

A 15-month meteorological data set was obtained from an automatic weather station over a blue ice area in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The meteorological measurements are used as input for a surface energy balance model in order to compute the hourly varying surface fluxes and the (sub)surface temperatures to a depth of 10 m. The model reproduces reasonably well the directly measured temperatures in the upper meter of ice. Model results show that the net shortwave radiation is the largest positive term in the annual mean energy budget (42.2 W m−2). Other positive fluxes are the downward sensible heat flux (12.1 W m−2) and the upward subsurface energy flux (0.2 W m−2). Energy is lost by net longwave radiation (−49.1 W m−2) and the upward directed latent heat flux (−5.0 W m−2). We analyze the annual cycle of the surface heat fluxes on the basis of daily, monthly, and seasonally mean values. In addition, we calculate the surface energy budget for two distinctly different weather regimes, which are typical for this region. Finally, we demonstrate that the annual cycle of the turbulent fluxes can be explained in terms of the limiting values of the Bowen ratio.
Multi-Generation Ecosystem Selection of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities Associated with Plant Genotype and Biomass in Arabidopsis thaliana

The role of the microbiome in shaping the host phenotype has emerged as a critical area of investigation, with implications in ecology, evolution, and host health. The complex and dynamic interactions involving plants and their diverse rhizosphere microbial communities are influenced by a multitude of factors, including but not limited to soil type, environment, and plant genotype. Understanding the impact of these factors on microbial community assembly is key to yielding host-specific and robust benefits for plants, yet remains challenging. Here we ran an artificial ecosystem selection experiment, over eight generations, in Arabidopsis thaliana Ler and Cvi to select soil microbiomes associated with higher or lower biomass of the host. This resulted in divergent microbial communities, shaped by a complex interplay between random environmental variations, plant genotypes, and biomass selection pressures. In the initial phases of the experiment, the genotype and the biomass selection treatment have modest but significant impacts. Over time, the plant genotype and biomass treatments gain more influence, explaining ∼40% of the variation in the microbial community composition. Furthermore, a genotype-specific association of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial taxa, Labraceae with Ler and Rhizobiaceae with Cvi, is observed under selection for high biomass.
Tourism for development : empowering communities

PART I TOURSIM AND DEVELOPMENT: A CONTENTIOUS RELATIONSHIP 1. What is tourism for development? 2. Modernisation, dependency and globalisation 3. Gazing at 'the other' 4. Participation, empowerment and sustainable development. PART II THE SEARCH FOR APPROPRIATE FORMS OF TOURISM. 5. Ecotourism 6. Tourism and Protected areas 7. Justice tourism 8. Gender-sensitive tourism 9. Budget tourism PART III PROMOTING DEVELOPING THROUGH TOURISM 10. Roles for governments 11. Roles for the tourism industry 12. Roles for non-governmental organisation and local action groups 13. Conclusion Bibliography Index
Comparative Metabolism of Cinobufagin in Liver Microsomes from Mouse, Rat, Dog, Minipig, Monkey and Human

Cinobufagin (CB), a major bioactive component of Traditional Chinese Medicine has been reported with potent antitumor activity. In this study, a comparative in vitro metabolism of CB was investigated by using liver microsomes from human (HLM), mouse (MLM), rat (RLM), dog (DLM), minipig (PLM) and monkey (CyLM), with respect to the metabolic profiles, involved enzymes and catalytic efficiency. Significant species differences in CB metabolism were revealed. In detail, the species-specific deacetylation and epimerization combined hydroxylation existed in RLM, while hydroxylation was a major pathway in HLM, MLM, DLM, PLM and CyLM. Two mono-hydroxylated metabolites of CB in human and animal species were identified as 1 α -hydroxylcinobufagin and 5 β -hydroxylcinobufagin by using LC–MS and 2D-NMR techniques. CYP3A4 was assigned as the main isoform involved in CB hydroxylation in HLM based on the chemical inhibition studies and screen assays with recombinant human CYPs. Furthermore, ketoconazole, a specific inhibitor of CYP3A, could strongly inhibit CB hydroxylation in MLM, DLM, PLM and CyLM, indicating that CYP3A was responsible for CB hydroxylation in these animal species. Apparent substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency for 1 α and 5 β hydroxylation of CB in liver microsomes from various species were also determined. PLM appears to have similar K m values and total intrinsic clearance value (V max /K m ) compared with HLM, and the total microsomal intrinsic clearance values for CB obeyed the following order, Mouse > Dog > Monkey > Human > Minipig. These findings provide vital information to better understand the metabolic behaviors of CB among various species. 1% For the cytotoxicity detection, the cells were harvested by 0.25% trpsin and culture-seeded in 96-well cell culture plates. Appropriate dilutions of the compounds tested were added into the cultures. After incubation at 37ºC for 72 h, the survival rates of the cancer cells were evaluated by MTT method (Mizutani The activity was shown as IC 50 value, a parameter that stands for the concentration ( μ M) of the compound tested to give 50% inhibition of cell growth. The data are expressed as the mean ± S.D (n=3).
Two Tales of One War: Understanding the Media Coverage of the Yemeni Civil War in Saudi Arabia and Qatar

This study explores the role of the media in asymmetrical conflicts between states and nonstate actors. The model used in this research focuses on two political factors that have a major impact on media output: the level of involvement of countries with mass media in the war and the varying hostility among warring sides. To illustrate the importance of these factors, the study focuses on the difference in news flows between Saudi Arabia (Al Arabiya) and Qatar (Al Jazeera) over two periods, 2015–2017 and 2017–2020. While Saudi Arabia was highly engaged in the Yemeni Civil War, Qatar experienced a deep political crisis with Saudi Arabia after 2017. The major findings from content analysis of news articles ( N = 3016) published in both media outlets illustrate that although Saudis are exposed to massive amounts of mostly positive information about the Yemeni war, the Qatari public reads humanitarian issues and negative outcomes about the crisis following the 2017 Gulf crisis.
Influence of phosphorus on phytoplankton diversity in a shallow eutrophic reservoir.

Seasonal changes in the algal diversity with respect to phosphorus load from sewage and dyeing effluent in a small eutrophic reservoir was investigated for a year with monthly samplings. An increase in phytoplankton count was observed (R 2 = 0. 6) with rise in Phosphate concentrations. Maximum algal diversity (Shannon & Simpsons diversity indices, richness, and evenness) was observed during summer, April to July, when phosphate concentrations were at moderate level (0.074-0.163 mgL -1 ). Excessive phosphate influx (1.060-1.170 mgL -1 ) during rainy season, September to November, caused blooms of nonheterocystous assemblage of desmids, particularly of Cosmarium sp and myxophycean species, and a general decrease in algal diversity indices was observed.
Change Leadership: A Practical Guide to Transforming Our Schools

Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. About the Authors. ONE: Introduction: Reframing the Problem. A Knowledge Economy Requires New Skills for All Students. Greater Supports for Learning in a Changing Society. Reform or Reinvention? Technical Challenges Versus Adaptive Challenges. Organizational Beliefs and Behaviors. Individual Beliefs and Behaviors. Accepting the Challenge and the Risks:Moving Toward Communities of Practice via Collaborative Learning. PART ONE: Improving Instruction. TWO: Creating a Vision of Success. Challenges to Improving Instruction. Seven Disciplines for Strengthening Instruction. Using the Seven Disciplines. Launching an Instructional Improvement System: The Critical First Conversations. Developing a Shared Vision. Defining a New Framework for Effective Instruction. Linking the New 3 R's of Instruction. THREE: Committing Ourselves to the Challenge. Identifying Your Commitment. Spotting Your Obstacles Through Self-Reflection. Reflections. PART TWO: Why Is This So Hard? FOUR: Generating Momentum for Change. Obstacles to Improvement Versus Momentum for Improvement. Generating the Momentum for Systemic Change. Communities of Practice as a Strategy. FIVE: Exploring Individual Immunities to Change. Attending to Countering Behaviors. A Deeper Look. Finding the Competing Commitment. Taking the Next Step. Reflections. PART THREE: Thinking Systemically. SIX Relating the Parts to the Whole. Arenas of Change. Toward Transformation: Using the 4 C's. Another Use for the 4 C's. SEVEN: The Individual as a Complex System. Hidden Commitments and Personal Immunities. Big Assumptions and Immunities. Reflections. PART FOUR: Working Strategically. EIGHT: The Ecology of Change. Phases of Whole-System Change. Change Levers: Data, Accountability, and Relationships. Strategic Change in Action. Putting the Pieces Together: The Ecology of Educational Transformation. Measuring Success and the Challenge of High-Stakes Test Scores. NINE: Overturning Your Immunities to Change. Steps Toward Individual Change. Considering Steps for the Most Powerful Learning. Phases in Overturning Your Immunities. Becoming Fully Released from Immunities to Change. Reflections. TEN: Conclusion: Bringing the Outward and Inward Focus Together. Hold High Expectations for All Our Students. Involve Building and Central Office Administrators in Instruction. Choose a Priority and Stay Relentlessly Focused on It. Foster a Widespread Feeling of Urgency for Change. Encourage a New Kind of Leader. Develop a New Kind of Administrative Team. Shining a Broader Light on Change. Implications for the Change Leader: Toward Adaptive Work. Concluding . or Commencing? APPENDIXES. A. Team Exercises. B. Recommended Reading. Index.
Linguistic Relativity: Enduring Ideas about Language, Culture

Linguistic relativity, as conceptualized by Benjamin Lee Whorf, is a theory concerning the relationship between language and thought in the minds of speakers. Linguistic relativity posits that not only does language casually impact thought, but that different languages casually impact thought in different ways. Whorf’s ideas about language, though fascinating, have been thoroughly scrutinized by linguists and psychologists alike. Though linguistic relativity suggests a causal connection between language and thought, research on this proposed connection is strictly limited to correlational data. There has been no strong empirical evidence to substantiate Whorf’s hypothesis to date, leaving little substance to support this overarching theory. Despite this lack of evidence, linguistic relativity continuously appears in the literature across many disciplines. Recent emphasis on highlighting multiculturalism in academia, especially in anthropology, has seen the return of linguistic relativity to general discussions of cross-cultural differences. The persistence of Whorfian ideas in the humanities is analyzed through a Kuhnian lens, as linguistic relativity’s popularity fluctuates in line with larger cultural trends.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Impulsivity and approach tendencies towards cigarette stimuli: Implications for cigarette smoking and cessation behaviors among youth

Impulsivity is associated with smoking, difficulties quitting smoking, and approach tendencies toward cigarette stimuli among adolescents. We examined the effects of impulsivity on (a) the association between approach tendencies and adolescents’ smoking status and (b) the effectiveness of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM), a smoking cessation intervention focused on changing approach tendencies, among adolescent smokers. We conducted a secondary analysis of evidence from 2 previous published studies: Study 1: a cross-sectional study comparing impulsivity and approach tendencies between adolescent smokers ( n (cid:2) 67) and nonsmokers ( n (cid:2) 58); Study 2: a treatment study that randomized 60 adolescent smokers to receive either CBM or sham training. Impulsivity was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and the Experiential Discounting Task (EDT). We found higher impulsivity, as determined by the BIS but not the EDT, increased adolescents’ odds of being smokers. We observed that the interaction between EDT and approach tendencies also significantly predicted smoking status, however post hoc comparisons were not significant. Adolescents with higher BIS scores receiving CBM had increased odds of being abstinent at the end of treatment, but we found no association between EDT and treatment outcome. Our findings suggest that approach-bias modification (a form of CBM) may be more effective in impulsive adolescent smokers. Differences in findings for BIS and EDT highlight the complexity of the construct of impulsivity. Future studies with larger samples are needed to further disentangle the effects of different aspects of impulsivity on smoking behaviors and cessation outcomes among youth. This study suggests that approach bias modification, a form of cognitive bias modification, may be a more effective treatment for impulsive adolescent smokers compared with nonimpulsive adolescent smokers. This finding supports the importance of considering the effects of impulsivity on adolescent smoking behavior in the research of smoking cessation treatments.
Densità di biomassa e necromassa legnosa in cedui di cerro in evoluzione naturale in Toscana

Abstract: Recent data from the National Forest Inventory point out the further reinforcement of coppice area under the position of “mature” standing crop or post-cultivation phase, both of them being spread throughout the original cultivation area. Such condition, mainly due to the less profitable fuel wood harvesting, involves also a share of the more productive types, i.e., Turkey oak forests. Here, a diffuse but forced approach among managers is to “wait and see”. The pro-active way of coppice conversion into high forest is otherwise being practiced in the public domain but on much smaller areas. Against management dilemmas, ageing stands growing under medium to good site conditions show a dynamic growth pattern resulting in a high age-related wood matter storage. At the same time, the heavy and prolonged regular mortality occurring in the fully-stocked shoot population builds up high amounts of deadwood, this becoming an attribute of these newly-formed types. Carbon storage is therefore coming to be one of the major tasks attributable to these systems within the post-cultivation phase. Aims of the work are to estimate both densities of living woody mass and standing+lying deadwood without any lower survey limit, given the small-sized stems building up these types; to check deadwood types/living biomass ratios; to survey deadwood decay; to analyse the dynamics of mass storage within the stands. Three case-studies, aged about three times the traditional rotation and different as for location and site-index, were selected at the purpose. Living woody mass density plus standing and lying deadwood per decay class were determined. Living woody mass density, made basically by stem+thick branches (95%), varies within 160 and 310 Mg ha-1. Total deadwood amount ranges from 22 to 30 Mg ha-1, i.e., 9 to 14% of living woody biomass. The lying/standing deadwood ratio is being reversed with ageing from 1/2 to 2/1-3/1. The intermediate decay class is prevailing (60-85%) across the sites. The observed dynamics and the age-related figures as well, suggest the role these types may play in soil conservation, forest recovery and carbon storage. The need of a consistent monitoring of the further post-cultivation progress is stressed to recognize the driving forces acting, the onset of possible limiting factors and feedbacks.
Modélisation multi-échelle et caractérisation de l'anisotropie élastique de fibres végétales pour le renforcement de matériaux composites

Il est necessaire de connaitre les proprietes mecaniques des fibres vegetales pour garantir la fiabilite des structures en composites a base de ces fibres. L'objectif poursuivi au cours de cette these etait donc de developper une methodologie de modelisation et de caracterisation de l'anisotropie elastique des fibres vegetales. L'etude menee est de type multi-echelle, ce qui a permis de prendre en compte la stucture hierarchique responsable des caracteristiques globales de la fibre, dans une modelisation numerique par elements finis des proprietes elastiques. Le travail experimental s'est focalise, d'une part, sur la caracterisation morphologique et physico-chimique d'une nouvelle fibre vegetale le Rhecktophyllum camerunense (RC) et d'autre part, sur la mise en oeuvre et caracterisation des composites unidirectionnels Sisal/Epoxyde et RC/Epoxyde. Les donnees obtenues ont ete integrees dans un modele micromecanique avere afin d'estimer completement les proprietes elastiques des fibres vegetales utilisees
Please Scroll down for Article the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Timing Is Everything: Changes in Presentation Rate Have opposite Effects on Auditory and Visual Implicit Statistical Learning

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A Nonmanipulable Test ∗

A test is said to control for type I error if it is unlikely to reject the data-generating process. However, if it is possible to produce stochastic processes at random such that, for all possible future realizations of the data, the selected process is unlikely to be rejected, then the test is said to be manipulable. So, a manipulable test has essentially no capacity to reject a strategic expert. Many tests proposed in the existing literature, including calibration tests, control for type I error but are manipulable. We construct a test that controls for type I error and is nonmanipulable.
THE INVOLVEMENT OF ALCOHOL IN FATAL ACCIDENTS TO ADULT PEDESTRIANS

Approximately a third of all road accident fatality victims are pedestrians; this is a significantly higher proportion than among road accident casualties as a whole. The manner and circumstances of how their accidents occur is therefore of great importance in the reduction of road injury. An earlier review, published in the 1989 volume of 'Road Accidents Great Britain', highlighted the general circumstances of pedestrian accidents (see IRRD 846345). This paper aims to complement that work, describing the significant influence of drinking on adult fatality rates. (A) For the covering abstract of the book see IRRD 851478.