Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of non-infectious dermatoses in patients attending a tertiary care center in Rajasthan

Background: Pediatric dermatoses require a separate view from adult dermatoses as there are important differences in clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis. There is very little epidemiological study available on non-infectious childhood dermatoses in India. The aims of the study were to find the prevalence, clinical profile and various etiological factors associated with childhood non-infectious dermatoses and to determine the prevalence of most common non-infectious childhood dermatoses.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study conducted at tertiary care centre in Rajasthan, India. Children with age 13 years and below with clinical evidence of cutaneous disorders were studied. Parents who have not given consent for the study, acutely ill children, Children having infectious dermatoses (bacterial, fungal, viral, arthropods, parasitic and protozoal infection) were excluded from the study.Results: A total of 232 cases were studied which showed a female preponderance of 55.60%. Most of the skin diseases were seen in the 5 to 13 years (school children) age group. The most common dermatoses was eczematous (36.63%), among eczema atopic diathesis was the commonest (17;20%) followed by hypersensitivity dermatoses (21.12%), genetic disorders (13.36%), disorders of genetic disorders (7.4%), sweat gland disorders (8.18%), pigmentary disorders (4.31%), papulo squamous disorders (4.74%), Nevi (6.46%). Conclusions: Eczematous dermatoses were the most commonly noted in the study, followed by hypersensitivity dermatoses. Atopic diathesis was the commonest endogenous eczemas. Acne, insect bite reaction and miliaria were the other common dermatoses. There was no significant association of various dermatoses with systemic diseases in the study.
Qualidade na distribuição de sementes de milho em semeadoras em um solo cearense

RESUMO -As semeadoras sao de grande importância para o sucesso no estabelecimen to de uma cultura, por isso e necessario o uso correto dos equipamentos agricolas para que haja o aumento da produtividade. Poucos sao os estudos nos solos do sub-umido cearense quanto ao uso adequado dessas maquinas, dai a importância de se realizar pesquisas nestes solos para a melhoria durante o processo de semeadura. O trabalho foi realizado na area experimental de Engenharia Agricola do Centro de Ciencias Agrarias da Universidade Federal do Ceara, Campus do Pici. A distribuicao longitudinal foi feita em uma area com 50 m, as velocidades avaliadas no experimento foram de 4 e 7 km h -1 . O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o completamente aleatorio. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de simetria e curtose para verificar a normalidade dos dados, em seguida fez-se a analise de variância para medias que apresentaram normalidade, ja quando os dados nao se apresentavam normais utilizou-se a media movel exponencialmente ponderada. A analise estatistica foi feita atraves do programa SISVAR a 5% de significância. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a distribuicao longitudinal de sementes de uma semeadora mecânica e uma semeadora pneumatica em um solo do sub-umido cearense. Palavras-chave: Controle de Qualidade. Semeadora-Adubadora. Solo.
Distribution of American pikas in a low-elevation lava landscape: conservation implications from the range periphery

Abstract Predicting species distributions is increasingly important in conservation biology and, in the context of contemporary climate change, can be particularly informative for populations at the periphery of the range. Peripheral populations can exhibit unique patterns of habitat use in response to marginal conditions and can provide colonists adapted to novel or extreme environments. We conducted surveys for American pikas (Ochotona princeps) during 2007–2009 in 144 sites in Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Idaho. This species appears vulnerable to global climate change, and Craters of the Moon is an extensive area of low-elevation lava habitat situated on an interior edge of the species' range. We found pikas to be readily detectable when both direct and indirect sign were used. An estimate of detection probability from a subset of 72 sites that were visited twice was 0.92. We detected pikas in 31% of survey sites overall but only at sites above 1,605 m. We used logistic regression to model the distribution of pikas as a function of elevation, substrate, and vegetation cover. Pikas were most likely to occur on structurally complex pahoehoe lava flows above 1,600 m. The odds of pika occurrence on pahoehoe lava was >10 times that of aa lava flows and increased by 2 times for each SD increase in elevation. Pikas were also more likely to occur on lava flow sites with higher structural complexity and forb cover. An area of pahoehoe lava encompassing >250 km2 in the northern portion of Craters of the Moon contained 91% of pika detections and all predicted site-occurrence probabilities >0.38, an optimal cutoff value determined by examining model receiver operating characteristic curves. Craters of the Moon may provide long-term refugia for the species, given the extent of lava habitat there. However, the importance of elevation in our models suggests that accelerated climate change could erode suitable pika habitat in the park. Most research on pikas has relied on censuses or nonrandom convenience surveys, but we demonstrate an efficient probabilistic sampling approach that has broad application for pika monitoring and research.
Effect of Tannic Acid on Egg Production and Egg Yolk Mottling

Abstract THE incidence of egg yolk mottling has become somewhat of a problem in commercial flocks, and in most cases the cause can not be found. At the present time the recognized causes of this phenomenon are limited primarily to the presence in the diet of Nicarbazin, (Polin and Porter, 1956 and Baker et al., 1957), gossypol, (Heywang et al., 1955) and certain worming compounds, (Fry and Wilson, 1965). A brief report by McNally and Brant (1958) implicated tannic acid derivatives as possible causes of egg yolk mottling but details of their experimental work are lacking. The toxicity of dietary tannins and tannic acid per se for chicks was demonstrated by Chang and Fuller (1964), Vohra et al. (1966) and Fuller et al. (1967). During the course of studies at this laboratory, it was observed that tannic acid, added to the diet of laying hens at levels of two percent, caused .
The Prevalence of Postoperative Respiratory Complications in Paediatric Patients Undergoing Elective Adenotonsillar Surgery at the Kenyatta National Hospital Ear Nose and Throat Satellite Theatre

xii CHAPTER ONE . 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Research Question . 1 1.2 Objectives . 1 1.2. 1 Broad Objective . 1 1.2. 2 Specific Objectives . 2 1.3 Study Justification . 2 CHAPTER TWO . 3 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW . 3 2.
REVERSAL OF GRAZING IMPACT ON PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS IN NUTRIENT‐POOR VS. NUTRIENT‐RICH ECOSYSTEMS

To test the hypothesis that the impacts of grazers on plant species richness reverse under contrasting nutrient richness, we analyzed unpublished and published data from lake, stream, marine, grassland, and forest ecosystems. We analyzed data from 30 studies providing 44 comparisons of plant species richness under low vs. high grazing pressure in enriched or nutrient-rich and non-enriched or nutrient-poor ecosystems. All 19 comparisons from non-enriched or nutrient-poor ecosystems exhibited significantly lower species richness under high grazing than under low grazing. In contrast, 14 of 25 comparisons from enriched or nutrient-rich ecosystems showed significantly higher species richness under high grazing than under low grazing. However, nine of these 25 comparisons showed no significant impact of grazers on species richness, while two comparisons showed declines in species richness under high grazing. Based on all the comparisons, plant species richness decreases with high grazing in nutrient-poor ecosystems, while it increases with high grazing in nutrient-rich ecosystems. Although nutrient-rich ecosystems seemed to produce more variable responses to grazers than did nutrient-poor ecosystems, in rare cases high grazing produced a decline in species richness in nutrient-rich environments. We suggest that species richness declines with high grazing in nutrient-poor ecosystems because a limitation of available resources prevents regrowth of species after grazing, which may not be the case in nutrient-rich ecosystems. It is also possible that an increase in species richness under high grazing in nutrient-rich ecosystems may be due to an increase in the dominance of inedible species. Our observation of a grazer reversal of plant species richness under contrasting nutrient richness may have important implications for management of species diversity.
Parasitoids and biocontrol of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.) expanding in central Europe

Hymenopterous parasitoids found on the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.) since the aphid was detected in the Czech Republic in 1995 have been studied. Parasitoids were obtained from aphid samples taken in small grains and from field exposures of banker‐units containing laboratory mass‐reared RWA. The parasitoid species are listed. Their presence on RWA was verified and their host species alternation was also tested in the laboratory. Evidence on some species was obtained only through unnatural host propagation. Aphidius colemani Vier. (a Chilean strain) was purposely introduced, released and became established; its host range, which included both target and non‐target species, is listed. Prediction versus determination of RWA parasitoid complex in central Europe are discussed and the field samples and the exposure trials are compared. The RWA presence in relation to biodiversity in the small‐grains agroecosystem is analysed. An overall parasitoid spectrum of RWA in the Old World (and the world background) is reviewed in relation to the RWA native range and the distribution (expansion) range, respectively. A corresponding analysis of the central European situation, derived from the expansion route of RWA to the Mediterranean, is presented.
The effect of timber harvesting guidelines on felling and skidding productivity in northern Minnesota

Substantial investment has been made in the development and application of scientifically based best management practices (i.e., guidelines) intended to protect and enhance the ecological, environmental, and aesthetic attributes of forest resources. When correctly applied, guidelines can increase environmental benefits on site and to adjacent resources, as well as improve forest health and productivity. We empirically evaluated how varying degrees of application of Minnesota's Timber Harvesting and Forest Management guidelines, along with operator and tract-specific variables, affect felling and skidding productivity of mixed aspen/hardwood/conifer stands in northern Minnesota. To do so, felling and skidding productivity data from five mechanized logging businesses were collected on 52 clearcut harvest blocks in northern Minnesota from August 2006 to May 2007 using time-motion and geospatial sensors. Additional postharvest data were collected for each block using high-resolution aerial photography and detailed on-site inventories. With use of these data, separate regression models were developed to estimate the impact that timber harvesting guidelines and tract and operator variables have on felling and skidding productivity. Results of regression analyses and diagnostic tests showed that felling productivity is influenced not only by guideline variables but also by tract and operator variables. Skidding productivity is influenced by both guideline and tract variables. The error terms of the separate felling and skidding models are statistically correlated, calling for their simultaneous estimation using a method known as seemingly unrelated regression. Specific explanatory variables that are statistically significant in explaining felling productivity include the logger's use of a preharvest site map and/or preharvest meeting with the forester, harvesting in winter, merchantable timber volume per unit area, and the operator. Variables that are statistically significant in explaining skidding productivity are the area of landings and skid trails as a percentage of the harvest area, ratio of the harvest block perimeter to the block area, slope, and merchantable timber volume per unit area. The findings suggest that implementing the guidelines we studied has minimal effect on felling productivity, although several adversely affect skidding productivity. By considering how to lay out the harvest block to facilitate skidding efficiency, a feller operator may be able to reduce the impact of some guidelines on skidding productivity.
Short-Term, Efficient Sampling Strategies for Estimating Forest Moth Diversity using Light Traps

ABSTRACT Evaluation of species diversity for highly diverse taxa is extremely time-consuming and costly; thus, there is a need to develop efficient sampling strategies. We established a short-term, efficient sampling scheme to produce samples that represent a full-season sampling of moth assemblages with a high degree of seasonality. We sampled adult moths monthly for the duration of the moth flying season by using light traps in five forest stands in a cool-temperate region in central Hokkaido, northern Japan. From this sample, we generated various subsamples that reduced the sampling period and the number of traps per stand, and tested whether these subsamples provide estimates of species richness, abundance, and species turnover representative of those revealed by the whole season sample. Comparisons between the whole season sample and each subsample indicated that setting one light trap on a night in July and August, which shortened the sampling period to 25% and reduced sample size to 38%, was the most efficient sampling scheme to estimate abundance, species richness, and similarity in the whole season sample. The comparisons also suggest that it is efficient to use rarified species richness as a species richness estimator, and the Bray—Curtis index or Morisita's C&lgr; for estimating species turnover between sites in moth assemblages.
Effect of timing of drought stress on growth and grain yield of extra-short-duration pigeonpea lines

Four extra-short-duration (ESD) lines in 1991 and eight ESD lines in 1992 were grown with adequate soil moisture throughout their growth or subjected to drought coinciding with the vegetative, flowering and pod-filling stages under rainout shelters. In both years, drought stress treatments significantly reduced dry matter accumulation and grain yield. The extent of reduction in grain yield varied with the line and stage of stress imposition. Drought stress at the flowering stage caused greater reduction in total dry matter and grain yield than the stress imposed during the pre-flowering and pod-filling stages. Drought stress coinciding with the flowering stage reduced grain yield by 40–55% in 1991 and 15–40% in 1992 in different lines. ESD genotypes could extract moisture from up to a metre depth during pre-flowering and flowering stage stress but less so during the pod-filling stage stress. Genotype ICPL 88039, followed by ICPL 89021, showed consistently lowest sensitivity to drought stress at flowering. Protracted drought stress commencing from the pre-flowering to flowering or from the flowering to pod-filling stages was more harmful than stress at the individual stages. The reduction in yield under drought stress could be attributed mainly to less total dry matter accumulation, but also increased abscission of plant parts. The results suggest variation in sensitivity of ESD lines in relation to timing of stress, which should facilitate targeted screening for different intermittent moisture stress environments.
Familiar Choices

Empirical evidence suggests that voters in states with direct democracy feel better prepared to cast competent votes and that they do so at a greater rate than voters elsewhere. What causal mechanism explains why the presence of direct democracy leads to better civic citizenship and differences in political behavior? We use a survey experiment in which we randomly vary the text used to describe the policy proposals to consider one possible pathway that explains higher levels of political competence among voters in initiative states. In contrast to the focus on campaign mobilization in the existing literature, we rely on insights from consumer decision theory to derive testable hypotheses about voter behavior. We find evidence that voters in initiative states approach political campaigns in a fundamentally different way than voters in noninitiative states. In particular, we show that individuals in initiative states are less susceptible to framing effects—in our experiment, strategic efforts to craft a ballot measure’s title and summary.
Alternansucrase acceptor products

The regioselectivity of alternansucrase (EC 2.4.1.140) differs from dextransucrase (EC 2.4.1.5) in ways that can be useful for the synthesis of novel oligosaccharide structures. For example, it has been recently shown that the major oligosaccharides produced when maltose is the acceptor include one trisaccharide structure, two tetrasaccharides, one pentasaccharide, two hexasaccharides, one heptasaccharide, and at least two octasaccharides, containing no adjacent α-(1→3) linkages and no more than two consecutive α-(1→6) linkages. This may shed some light on how the enzyme works to produce the alternating structure. Another characteristic of alternansucrase that distinguishes it from dextransucrase is its greater ability to use leucrose as an acceptor. Leucrose, produced by glucosyl transfer to fructose released from the initial sucrose substrate, represents a very poor substrate for Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F dextransucrase. Alternansucrase, however, continues to transfer glucosyl units to leucrose, resulting in some unusual glucosyl-fructose oligosaccharides.
GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF ACID LIME (Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle) LANDRACES OF EASTERN NEPAL USING RAPD MARKERS

Acid lime ( Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is an important commercial fruit crop, cultivated from terai to high hill landscapes of Nepal. However, production and productivity is very low due to various reasons including infestations by various diseases and pests, lack of diseases and pests resistant and high yielding varieties. In this context, determination of genetic variation at molecular level is fundamental to citrus breeders for the development of elite cultivars with desirable traits. In the present study, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker technique has been employed to assess genetic diversity in 60 acid lime landraces representing different agro-ecological zones of eastern Nepal. Nine selected arbitrary primers generated 79 RAPD fragments of which 75 were polymorphic (94.94%). Phenogram was constructed by NTSYSPC ver. 2.21i using UPGMA cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient to deduce overall genetic diversity and relationships of the acidlime genotypes under study. Sixty acid lime landraces formed seven clusters and similarity value ranged from 38% to 98% with an average of 72%. Genetic variation at different agro-ecological zones was assessed using Popgene ver. 1.32 and found 47% to 69.6% polymorphism. Shannon’s index and Nei’s gene diversity showed highest level of acid lime diversity in Terai zone (PPB, 69.62%; H, 0.213; I, 0.325) followed by mid-hill zone (PPB, 67.09%; H, 0.208; I, 0.317). The results obtained will be useful to citrus breeders for elite cultivar development. The RAPD-PCR technique is found to be the rapid and effective tool for genetic diversity assessment in acid lime landraces of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3. 10950 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 315-327
Drosophilidae of Australia. I. Drosophila (Insecta : Diptera)

The Australian members of the genus Drosophila are reviewed, with redescriptions of many species; 40 new species are also described, bringing the known total to 81. A key to species is provided. The Australian Drosophila fauna is dominated by members of the subgenus Scaptodrosophila, most of which appear to be endemic. The bulk of the Australian Drosophila fauna is substantially different from that of neighbouring New Guinea-south-east Asia, but the latter fauna overlaps into northern Queensland. The Australian fauna includes eight cosmopolitan species.
Effect of Insecticides on Two Predators of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

The effect of insecticides currently used in commercial eggplant fields to control the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) on two egg predators, Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Chysoperla carnea (Stephens) was evaluated. Mortality from contact exposure to leaf residues, topical applications, and ingestion of contaminated eggmasses was compared for the following insecticides: esfenvalerate alone and in combination with piperonyl butoxide (PBO); oxamyl; PBO; and rotenone alone and in combination with PBO. Topical exposure and feeding studies were conducted using concentrations 1.00, 0.90, 0.80, 0.70, 0.60, 0.50, 0.40, 0.30, 0.20, and 0.10X the maximum labeled dose; leaf exposure studies were conducted using concentrations 1.00, 0.75, 0.50, and 0.25X the maximum labeled dose. Mortality of C. maculata adults and larvae from topical exposure was high after 48 h of exposure for all chemicals and doses. Mortality from topical exposure was low for C. carnea larvae in all cases when compared to PBO alone. Mortality from exposure to leaf residues was low in all cases for C. maculata adults but varied, depending on dose and chemical, for both C. maculata and C. carnea larvae. For all treatments, ingestion of treated eggs negatively affected the feeding and survival of C. maculata adults and larvae and C. carnea larvae. Esfenvalerate combined with PBO had the greatest effect on C. maculata adults; rotenone combined with PBO had the greatest effect on C. maculata larvae; esfenvalerate combined with PBO affected C. carnea larvae the most.
Do pets influence the quantity and choice of food offered to them by their owners: lessons from other animals and the pre-verbal human infant?

All social animals influence each other’s behaviour. One area of particular interest is the social interaction that occurs between pets and their owners. Within pet‐owner dyads, food and feeding are always part of the dyadic ritual. In this review, we hypothesize that feeding can be considered to be a push‐pull relationship where pets are, at least in part, able to ‘negotiate’ with their owner to influence ‘when’, ‘what’ and ‘how much’ they are fed. We examine the evidence that supports this hypothesis by appraising similar studies of other animals and the pre-verbal human infant. First, we review the differences in approaches and methodologies that exist between disciplines within the behavioural sciences. Second, the feeding behaviour of neonatal wild animals and pre-verbal infants is examined in terms of its causation, ontogeny, phylogeny and adaptation. Finally, the resulting knowledge concerning begging as honest signals of need, scramble competition, reconciliation and consolation is applied to domestic pets with the objective of understanding of how owners are influenced by the feeding behaviour of their pets.