Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraints on Λ(t)CDM models as holographic and agegraphic dark energy with the observational Hubble parameter data

The newly released observational H(z) data (OHD) is used to constrain Λ(t)CDM models as holographic and agegraphic dark energy. By the use of the length scale and time scale as the IR cut-off including Hubble horizon (HH), future event horizon (FEH), age of the universe (AU), and conformal time (CT), we achieve four different Λ(t)CDM models which can describe the present cosmological acceleration respectively. In order to get a comparison between such Λ(t)CDM models and standard ΛCDM model, we use the information criteria (IC), Om(z) diagnostic, and statefinder diagnostic to measure the deviations. Furthermore, by simulating a larger Hubble parameter data sample in the redshift range of 0.1 < z < 2.0, we get the improved constraints and more sufficient comparison. We show that OHD is not only able to play almost the same role in constraining cosmological parameters as SNe Ia does but also provides the effective measurement of the deviation of the DE models from standard ΛCDM model. In the holographic and agegraphic scenarios, the results indicate that the FEH is more preferable than HH scenario. However, both two time scenarios show better approximations to ΛCDM model than the length scenarios.
A perturbation approach for optical diffusion tomography using continuous-wave and time-resolved data

In this paper, we discuss approaches our group has developed for the problem of imaging the interior of dense scattering media [1]. While our principal focus is on potential biomedical applications, we believe our methods are sufficiently general to have applications to other imaging problems as well. We begin our consideration of the imaging problem by assuming that the target medium of interest interacts with the penetrating energy source with sufficient strength to cause intense scattering. We further assume that for essentially all practical schemes, only the multiply scat- tered signal is measurable. One result of multiple scattering is that all the detected photons will have propagated above and below the plane in which the source and de- tector lie. Thus, it becomes necessary to explicitly consider volume functions whose spatial distribution will depend on the properties and geometry of the medium and on the geometry and type of illumination scheme. Measurement schemes which have been suggested include steady-state [2], ultrafast [3-5], and amplitude mod- ulated [6, 7] sources. Other schemes include holographic methods which have the potential advantages of directly yielding an image without the need for numerical reconstruction [8, 9]. In developing approaches to image reconstruction, our group has emphasized the first two of the four methods [10-16].
Phase-evaluation methods in whole-field optical measurement techniques

Many optical measurement techniques provide fringe patterns as their results. The decodification processes that employ one or several fringe patterns to automatically retrieve the phase are generally designated as phase-evaluation methods. In this work, an overview of these methods will be schematically presented. Their particular performances will be compared, stressing their main advantages and drawbacks. An important group of these methods employs the well-known phase-shifting algorithms as a tool for calculating the phase. In the general form of these algorithms, the principal value of the optical phase is computed by an inverse trigonometric function whose argument is a combination of phase-shifted intensity values, provided by the modulation of one or several fringe patterns. These algorithms will be also studied in the general context of the phase-evaluation methods.
Thermal analysis of metastable Fe-Cu-Ag prepared by mechanical alloying

The thermal properties of metastable Fe-Cu-Ag alloys have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, complementing an earlier x-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy study. Samples were mechanically alloyed under nitrogen in a high-energy ball mill for 70 hours. DSC and x-ray data on milled and unmilled elemental powders show that Fe sustains more lattice distortion than Cu or Ag, with an rms strain of order 0.6%. In the equimolar binary alloys Fe-Cu, Fe-Ag and Cu-Ag the presence of DSC exotherms below is found to correspond to a gradual decomposition of the alloy, while exotherms above denote recrystallization and grain growth. The absence of low-temperature DSC exotherms in Fe-Ag confirms phase segregation in this granular alloy. In equimolar Fe-Cu-Ag, DSC curves after successive heat treatments indicate a highly disordered state, with fine-scale residual crystallinity. Heating promotes the decomposition of this metastable state into polycrystalline and segregated Fe, Cu and Ag.
How Promotions Work

AbstractBy synthesizing findings across the sales promotion literature, this article helps the reader understand how promotions work. We identify and explain empirical generalizations related to sales promotion; that is, effects that have been found consistently in multiple studies involving different researchers. We also identify issues which have generated conflicting findings in the research, as well as important sales promotion topics that have not yet been studied. This overview of the research and findings from the sales promotion literature is intended to offer direction for future research in the area.
Tensor-multi-scalar theories of gravitation

A generic class of theories where gravity is mediated by one tensor field together with an arbitrary number of scalar fields is considered. The predictions of these theories are worked out in four different observationally relevant regimes: (i) quasi-stationary weak fields (solar system conditions); (ii) rapidly varying weak fields (gravitational wave experiments); (iii) quasi-stationary strong fields (motion of systems of compact bodies, i.e. neutron stars or black holes); and (iv) the mixing of strong and radiative field effects in the gravitational radiation of N-compact-body systems. Moreover, the authors derive several significant relations between the theoretical quantities entering these predictions. They show how strong-field-gravity effects in the motion and gravitational radiation of N-compact-body systems can be parametrized by a set of theory parameters that generalize the usual post-Newtonian parameters ( gamma , beta ,. . .) introduced in the context of quasi-stationary weak gravitational fields. These new parameters ( beta 2, beta ', beta 3, beta ",. . .) provide a chart for the yet essentially unexplored domain of strong-gravitational-field effects, and thereby suggest new directions for testing relativistic gravity. This is illustrated by studying in detail a specific two-parameter tensor-bi-scalar theory T( beta ', beta ") which has the same post-Newtonian limit as general relativity but leads to new nonEinsteinian predictions for the various observables that can be extracted from binary pulsar data.
On the fundamental group of the complement of a complex hyperplane arrangement

If K is C, then the complement M(A) is an open and connected subset ofV. The present paper is concerned with fundamental groups of complements of complex arrangements of hyperplanes. The most popular such a group is certainly the pure braid group; it appears as the fundamental group of the complement of the "braid arrangement" (see [OT]). So, n1(M(A)) can be considered as a generalization of the pure braid group, and one can expect to show that many properties of the pure braid group also hold for n1 ( M (A)). However, the only general known results on this group are presentations [Ar], [CSl], [Ra], [Sal]. Many interesting questions remain, for example, to know whether such a group is torsion free. We focus in this paper on two families of arrangements of hyperplanes, to the fundamental group of which many well-known results on the pure braid group can be extended. Both of them, of course, contain the braid arrangement. These families are the "simplicial arrangements" and the "supersolvable arrangements". Note that there is another wellunderstood family of arrangements, the "reflection arrangements" (see
On the Frequency of Gas Giant Planets in the Metal-Poor Regime

Abstract We present an analysis of three years of precision radial velocity measurements of 160 metal-poor stars observed with Keck/HIRES. We report on variability and long-term velocity trends for each star in our sample. We identify several long-term, low-amplitude radial-velocity variables worthy of follow-up with direct imaging techniques. We place lower limits on the detectable companion mass as a function of orbital period. None of the stars in our sample exhibits radial-velocity variations compatible with the presence of Jovian planets with periods shorter than the survey duration (3 yr). The resulting average frequency of gas giants orbiting metal-poor dwarfs with −2.0≤[Fe/H]≤ −0.6 is fp < 0.67%. By combining our dataset with the Fischer & Valenti (2005) uniform sample, we confirm that the likelihood of a star to harbor a planet more massive than Jupiter within 2 AU is a steeply rising function of the host's metallicity. However, the data for stars with −1.0≤[Fe/H]≤ 0.0 are compatible, in a statistical sense, with a constant occurrence rate fp≃1%. Our results usefully inform theoretical studies of the process of giant planet formation across two orders of magnitude in metallicity.
PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FALLS IN THE ELDERLY

This research aimed to determine the prevalence of falls in the last 12 months among the elderly; compare sociodemographic, clinical, and functional health variables between the elderly victims and non-victims of falls and verify the factors associated with falls in the elderly. This is a domestic survey conducted with 729 elderly people living in the urban area of the city of Uberaba-MG. The prevalence of falls was 28.3%. Most of the elderly fall victims were female; aged 80 years or older; presence of two or more conditions and used five or more medications. The falls were associated with females; aged 80 years or older and presence of two or more conditions. The study reinforces the need for investment in health promotion and prevention of morbidities, considering that, among the predictors of falls, health professionals can only intervene in the presence of comorbidities. DESCRIPTORS: Aged. Accidental falls. Urban population. Prevalence. Risk factors. PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS A QUEDAS EM IDOSOS RESUMO: Esta pesquisa objetivou determinar a prevalência de quedas, nos últimos 12 meses, entre os idosos; comparar as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, de saúde e funcionais entre os idosos que tiveram quedas e aqueles que não as tiveram; e verificar os fatores associados a quedas em idosos. Inquérito domiciliar conduzido com 729 idosos da zona urbana de Uberaba, Minas Gerais. A prevalência de quedas foi de 28,3%. A maior proporção entre os idosos que tiveram queda foi a do sexo feminino; com 80 anos ou mais; que apresentavam duas ou mais morbidades e usavam cinco ou mais medicamentos. As quedas estavam associadas ao sexo feminino; com idade de 80 anos ou mais e que apresentavam duas ou mais morbidades. O estudo reforça a necessidade de investimento na promoção da saúde e prevenção de morbidades, considerando que, dentre os preditores de quedas, somente a presença de comordidades é passível de intervenção do profissional de saúde. DESCRITORES: Idoso. Acidentes por quedas. População urbana. Prevalência. Fatores de risco. PREVALENCIA DE CAÍDAS Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS EN LOS ANCIANOS RESUMEN: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de caídas, en los últimos 12 meses, entre los ancianos; comparar las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, de salud y funcional entre los ancianos que tuvieran caídas y aquellos que no las tuvieran; y verificar los factores asociados con caídas en los ancianos. Encuesta de hogares de 729 ancianos del área urbana de Uberaba–MG. Prevalencia de caídas fue del 28,3 %. La mayor proporción de los ancianos que tuvieron caídas eran mujeres; con 80 años o más; presencia de dos o más morbilidades y utilizado cinco o más medicamentos. Las caídas se asociaron con sexo femenino; con 80 años o más y presencia de dos y más morbilidades. El estudio refuerza la necesidad de inversión en promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades, teniendo en cuenta que intervención profesional de la salud. DESCRIPTORES: Anciano. Accidentes por caídas. Población urbana. Prevalencia. Factores de riesgo. http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/0104-07072016000360015
On the regularization of nonlinear ill-posed problems via inexact Newton iterations

Inexact Newton methods for the stable solution of nonlinear ill-posed problems are considered. The corresponding inner scheme can be chosen to be any linear regularization with a sufficient modulus of convergence. The regularization property of these Newton-type algorithms is verified, that is, the iterates converge to a solution of the nonlinear problem with exact data when the noise level tends to zero. Moreover, convergence rates are given. Finally, implementation issues are discussed and the algorithm is applied to a parameter identification problem for an elliptic PDE. The numerical results reproduce nicely theoretical predictions and show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Evaluation of Investment Impact on Port Efficiency: Berthing Time Difference as a Performance Indicator

Highly competitive nature of port business environment puts heavy pressure on port operators on performance related issues. In order to be competitive, after all the other strategic moves are exhausted, what is left is to improve the performance of a port by means of increasing the number of vessels calling the port. One way to achieve this goal is to minimize the time spent at port for each vessel. Using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to evaluate its efficiency, this paper analyzes a port which made investments in order to improve this issue with berthing time difference (BTD) as the output. The results show that DEA method can be a valuable tool for port operators in evaluating the efficiency of
Gridded‐based LPV control of a Clipper Liberty wind turbine

This paper proposes a linear parameter varying (LPV) control design for a Clipper Liberty C96 2.5 MW wind turbine to operate in all wind conditions. A standard approach is to use multiple single-input, single-output (SISO) loops for control objectives at different wind speeds. This LPV controller instead takes these objectives into a uniformed multiinput, multi-output (MIMO) design framework. The key difference is that the LPV controller is specifically designed to smoothly transition from Region 2 to Region 3 operation. Reducing structural loads is another major concern in the design. Synthesis of the controller relies on a gridded based LPV model of the turbine, which is constructed by interpolation of linearized turbine models at different wind speeds. To overcome the conservativeness in the design, parameter varying rates will be considered based on turbulent wind conditions. The performance of the LPV controller is evaluated using a high fidelity FAST model provided by Clipper. The LPV controller is directly compared against the baseline controller currently operating on the turbine. Simulations and analysis show that the LPV controller meets all performance objectives and has better load reduction performance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Staged Framework for the Recovery and Rehabilitation of Troubled is Development Projects

Many information system development projects are delivered significantly behind schedule, drastically over budget and do not adequately meet customer specifications. These projects are generally in trouble long before completion. This paper looks at the steps needed to recover from such troubled situations. A generic four stage, 12-step framework for recovery and rehabilitation is proposed. The four stages are recognition, immediate recovery, sustained recovery and maturity. The twelve steps in the four stages are detailed in the paper. Illustrative cases are used to discuss the applicability of the framework to differing situations.
MOJAVE: MONITORING OF JETS IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI WITH VLBA EXPERIMENTS. VII. BLAZAR JET ACCELERATION

We discuss acceleration measurements for a large sample of extragalactic radio jets from the Monitoring Of Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with VLBA Experiments (MOJAVE) program, which studies the parsec-scale jet structure and kinematics of a complete, flux-density-limited sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Accelerations are measured from the apparent motion of individual jet features or “components” which may represent patterns in the jet flow. We find that significant accelerations are common both parallel and perpendicular to the observed component velocities. Parallel accelerations, representing changes in apparent speed, are generally larger than perpendicular acceleration that represent changes in apparent direction. The trend for larger parallel accelerations indicates that a significant fraction of these changes in apparent speed are due to changes in intrinsic speed of the component rather than changes in direction to the line of sight. We find an overall tendency for components with increasing apparent speed to be closer to the base of their jets than components with decreasing apparent speed. This suggests a link between the observed pattern motions and the underlying flow which, in some cases, may increase in speed close to the base and decrease in speed further out; however, common hydrodynamical processes for propagating shocks may also play a role. About half of the components show “non-radial” motion, or a misalignment between the component's structural position angle and its velocity direction, and these misalignments generally better align the component motion with the downstream emission. Perpendicular accelerations are closely linked with non-radial motion. When observed together, perpendicular accelerations are usually in the correct direction to have caused the observed misalignment.
Higher Mode Effects in Pushover Analysis of Irregular Masonry Buildings

ABSTRACT The paper presents a study on the seismic behavior of irregular unreinforced masonry buildings, aiming at evaluating the effects of higher modes. First, the macroelement model implemented in the TREMURI software and used in this study was validated, based on shake table tests. Then, the extended N2 method, taking into account the in-plan and in-elevation irregularities, was applied to two case studies and compared with respect to the nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results showed that the method is able to simulate correctly the seismic response of both irregular masonry buildings.
Demonstration of methane spectroscopy using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser at 1.68 µm with up to 5 MHz repetition rate

An electrically pumped InP-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) emitting at 1.685 µm (5935 cm−1) was used to probe rovibrational transitions of methane in the 2ν3 band at pressures ranging from 10 mbar to 1.3 bar. For the first time a long-wavelength VCSEL at 1.68 µm was used for the demonstration of high-speed gas sensing at repetition rates as high as 5 MHz. The observed tuning rate at 1 MHz was 5.2 cm−1 µs−1. The maximum continuous current tuning range was more than 16 cm−1 (4.5 nm), which is very useful for measurements in high-pressure environments. At 1 MHz the tuning range was as large as 2.6 cm−1, at 5 MHz it was still approximately 0.36 cm−1. The measured tuning rates of the VCSEL were −3.05 cm−1 mA−1 (+0.86 nm mA−1) and −0.40 cm−1 K−1 (+0.11 nm K−1). Survey spectra measured with the VCSEL were compared to calculations using the HITRAN2000 spectroscopic database and found to be in good agreement. A VCSEL was directly contacted on a section of its wafer to demonstrate ‘on-chip’ testing ability as opposed to edge-emitting lasers that have to be singularized and individually mounted prior to characterization for spectroscopic applications. It is expected that VCSELs will considerably expand the range of operation for diode lasers in rapid in situ species concentration measurements because of their ability of fast and far mode-hop free single longitudinal and transverse mode tuning properties.
Converting Inference Rules into Conditional Effects

Given a planning domain, if the language adopted for the state representation is sophisticated enough to allow an accurate, simple and natural description of a problem, it is likely to contain `redundancies', i.e. expressions whose validity (or truth) can be deduced from that of other expressions currently present in the state. The relations expressing these redundancies are normally identi ed, in planning, as `domain axioms', but correspond to what in logic is usually called inference rules (I.R.). The problem of integrating a set of I.R. into a given planner which does not support domain axioms can be solved either by extending the planner itself, or by developing a preprocessor that translates problems which contain inference rules into equivalent ones which do not. The advantages of the second approach are that it avoids the error-prone process of modifying the code and structure of the original planning system, and that the resulting preprocessor is not necessarily speci c to one planner. I present an algorithm that, given a (not necessarily nite) propositional language L, converts a planning problem P = (I; Op;G;R) into an equivalent one P 0 = (I ; Op; G) having a simpler representation, such that P 0 does not require a domain axioms planning system to be solved. The analysis has been restricted to inference rules in the form p1 ^ p2 ^ : : : ^ pk ` c, with premisses fp1; : : : ; pkg L and consequence c 2 C, such that L \ C = ; . Moreover, I assumed that the given planner (which will be used to solve the resulting problem P ) allows operators with conditional e ects, such as those supported by IPP [4]. A similar approach to the problem of domain axiom integration has been adopted also by Gazen & Knoblock in [3], but the solution they proposed presents the following disadvantages: 1) it requires the use of a nite language; 2) it requires the use (i.e. the conversion into a simpler equivalent representation) of universal quanti cation constructs; 3) it makes an ine cient use of the new operators introduced (the same operator might have to be reapplied repeatedly even when not necessary); 4) it modi es the original operators producing incoherent versions (e.g. the `put-on' operator of their example [3, p.225] contains the e ect \not (clear ? x)", whereas the object ? x is still clear, as it has just been put over another one); 5) the states obtained by applying the steps speci ed by a plan-solution do not necessarily contain the consequences of the I.R. which result true at that point.
Supersymmetry of topological Kerr-Newman-Taub- NUT-adS spacetimes

We extend the topological Kerr-Newman-adS solutions by including NUT charge and find generalizations of the Robinson-Bertotti solution to the negative cosmological constant case with different topologies. We show how all of these solutions can be obtained as limits of the general Plebanski-Demianski solution. We study the supersymmetry properties of all these solutions in the context of gauged N = 2, d = 4 supergravity. Generically they preserve, at most, quarter of the total supersymmetry. In the Plebanski-Demianski case, although gauged N = 2, d = 4 supergravity does not have electro-magnetic duality, we find that the family of supersymmetric solutions still exhibits an electro-magnetic duality in which electric and magnetic charges and mass and Taub-NUT charge are rotated simultaneously.