Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Change in Lake Catchments of Ethiopia

Tropical lakes are under threat, due to climate changes and land use and land cover changes. Increased water demand or climate changes lead to a shift in the water balance and lake levels. Increased land degradation and soil erosion in the riparian and lake catchment zones lead to sediment pollution and deposition in the streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, thereby reducing their storage capacity. Such changes in ecosystem services can affect the livelihood of the people that depend on these water bodies. Climate change may impact the water balance, hydrology and meteorology of tropical lakes, while land use and land cover changes in the wider lake catchments influence processes of land degradation, soil erosion, sediment budget and impact on soil and water conservation. In addition, the construction of large hydropower dams has an impact downstream on rivers, water bodies and livelihoods. Despite these threats, both natural and man-made lakes (reservoirs) in the tropics play a crucial role in the livelihoods of many people. The lake itself can deliver a wide range of ecosystem services (sensu MEA, 2005) and can maintain a rich aquatic biodiversity. The lake history conserved in (palaeo-) environmental records can contain valuable information for environmental scientists. Overall, lake and reservoir catchments are areas full of potential for agricultural development, food and fibre production and other land use intensification, as illustrated by case studies in several lakes and reservoirs across Ethiopia.
Observation of Oblique Lower Band Chorus Generated by Nonlinear Three‐Wave Interaction

Oblique whistler mode waves have been suggested to play an important role in radiation belt electron dynamics. Recently, X. Fu et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074411) proposed that highly oblique lower band whistler waves could be generated by nonlinear three‐wave resonance. Here we present the first observational evidence of such process, using Van Allen Probes data, where an oblique lower band chorus wave is generated by two quasi‐parallel waves through nonlinear three‐wave interaction. The wave resonance condition is satisfied even in the presence of frequency chirping of one of the pump waves. Different from the simulation results of X. Fu et al. (2017), simultaneous particle data do not show a plateau in the electron distribution, which could be due to the very weak intensity of the generated waves. These results should help to better understand the generation of oblique waves in the inner magnetosphere and their relative roles in energetic electron dynamics.
Universality versus variation in the conceptualization of anger: A question of methodology

Cognitive linguistic investigations into the metaphorical conceptualization of anger suggest that languages are remarkably similar on a schematic level, with intensity and control as two, possibly universal dimensions underlying the metaphorical conceptualization of anger. These dimensions, however, can manifest themselves in language-specific metaphors. Yet arriving at a definitive answer to the question of universality versus variation is hindered by (a) a relatively limited number of systematic, contrastive analyses; and (b) varied methodologies, with some papers adopting a type-based account, while others following a token-based analysis. We take up both challenges in the present paper with the aim of offering a more definitive answer to the question of the universality and variation of anger metaphors. We investigate the anger metaphors of a type-based analysis, focusing on dictionary data of anger-related idioms, and a token-based analysis, focusing on data collected from online corpora, in three languages: (American) English (2,000 random instances of the lemma anger from the Corpus of Contemporary American English), Hungarian (1,000 instances of the lemma düh from the Hungarian National Corpus) and Russian (1,000 instances of the lemma gnev from the Russian National Corpus). The lexical data were analyzed with the well-established Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP). Our results indicate that there is a great deal of congruence relative to shared metaphors in both approaches, but this derives from specific-level metaphors in the lexical approach, whereas it derives from more schematic, generic-level metaphors in the corpus-based approach. The study shows that the full picture of the metaphorical conceptualization of a complex emotion concept such as anger can only emerge with the combination of the type- and token-based approach.
The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Flipped Classroom Model in Improving Chemistry Learning Outcomes of Buffer Solution

The concept of buffer solutions is ubiquitous in everyday life, encompassing macroscopic, symbolic, and microscopic representations. Effective learning of these concepts requires students to understand the subject matter, analyze it, and apply their knowledge to real-life situations. This study aimed to assess the impact of problem-based learning in a flipped classroom model on the learning outcomes of 11th-grade science students studying buffer solutions at SMAN 12 Pekanbaru. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The sample consisted of two groups of 11th-grade science students: Group 3 served as the experimental group and Group 4 as the control group. Data was collected through a test and analyzed using t-test in SPSS 22. The results revealed that the problem-based learning approach in the flipped classroom model effectively improved the learning outcomes of 11th-grade science students studying buffer solutions at SMAN 12 Pekanbaru. The experimental group showed an average improvement of 7.394 over the control group, with a significant (α) t-value of 0.013.
BLAISE PASCAL

The objective of this paper is to obtain sharp upper bound to the second Hankel functional associated with the k th root transform (cid:2) f ( z k ) (cid:3) 1 k of normalized analytic function f ( z ) belonging to parabolic starlike and uniformly convex functions, deﬁned on the open unit disc in the complex plane, using Toeplitz determinants.
Role of Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Learning and Memory in Mammals

After many decades, during which most molecular studies on the regulation of gene expression focused on transcriptional events, it was realized that post-transcriptional control was equally important in order to determine where and when specific proteins were to be synthesized. Translational regulation is of the most importance in the brain, where all the steps of mRNA maturation, transport to different regions of the cells and actual expression, in response to specific signals, constitute the molecular basis for neuronal plasticity and, as a consequence, for structural stabilization/modification of synapses; notably, these latter events are fundamental for the highest brain functions, such as learning and memory, and are characterized by long-term potentiation (LTP) of specific synapses. Here, we will discuss the molecular bases of these fundamental events by considering both the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and the effects of non-coding RNAs involved in controlling splicing, editing, stability and translation of mRNAs. Importantly, it has also been found that dysregulation of mRNA metabolism/localization is involved in many pathological conditions, arising either during brain development or in the adult nervous system.
The Recovery and Transfer of Aerosolized Listeria Innocua

academic) Airborne pathogenic bacteria can present a significant public health risk. Pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes can colonize numerous surfaces as well, through direct and indirect cross contamination. The physical environment can also affect the transmission and viability of Listeria (distance from the source, temperature, humidity, air flow). The purpose of this work was to explore the ability of Listeria innocua (a surrogate for L. monocytogenes) to contaminate a surface after it has become aerosolized in a bioaerosol chamber and a walk-in cooler. L. innocua was nebulized into a 154 L biosafety chamber (~5 log CFU in 1 mL) at two relative humidity (RH) levels (83% and 65%). Oxford Listeria agar plates, stainless steel coupons and polyethylene (HDPE) coupons in the chamber were exposed to the aerosolized bacteria for 5, 10, 20 or 40 minutes. Also, at these times, air samples (100 L) were collected on to gelatin filters which were transferred to Oxford agar plates. In the second part of the research, L. innocua was nebulized into an 11 m walk-in cooler where RH ranged from ~29-37%. Aerosolized bacteria were collected on to Oxford agar plates for 10 min intervals and with 50 or 100 L air samples. Recovery of L. innocua from steel, plastic and agar was significantly higher at 83% RH (2.7 cells/cm) compared to 65% RH (0.45 cells/cm). Mean cell recovery from air samples (gelatin filters) was significantly higher (p<0.05) when collected 5 or 10 minutes after nebulization at 83% humidity (mean 2.2 CFU/L) compared to collection
Changes in meteo-hydrological extremes in Spain at different levels of global warming

This work assesses changes in the extremes of precipitation and streamflow in Spain assuming global warming scenarios of 1.5, 2, and 3 degrees Celsius from pre-industrial levels. We consider an ensemble of seven regional climate model simulations spanning the period 1970-2099 to evaluate precipitation changes and to drive a distributed hydrological model and thus to derive streamflow statistics under present and future climates. The climate simulations were performed under the umbrella of the EURO-CORDEX project, thus covering Europe with a spatial resolution of 0.11 degree both in latitude and longitude, the finest so far in this type of climatological multimodel and multi-scenario experiments. Preliminary results suggest that constraining global warming well below 2°C, as sought in the Paris Agreement, reduces the probability of increasing drought related indices.
Becker Digital

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease of the newborn bowel, primarily affecting premature infants. Early intestinal colonization has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NEC. The objective of this prospective case-control study was to evaluate differences in the intestinal microbiota between infants who developed NEC and unaffected controls prior to disease onset. We conducted longitudinal analysis of the 16S rRNA genes of 312 samples obtained from 12 NEC cases and 26 age-matched controls with a median frequency of 7 samples per subject and median sampling interval of 3 days. We found that the microbiome undergoes dynamic development during the first two months of life with day of life being the major factor contributing to the colonization process. Depending on when the infant was diagnosed with NEC (i.e. early vs. late onset), the pattern of microbial progression was different for cases and controls. The difference in the microbiota was most overt in early onset NEC cases and controls. In proximity to NEC onset, the abundances of Clostridium sensu stricto from Clostridia class were significantly
Impact of Atmospheric Circulation on Temperature, Clouds, and Radiation at Summit Station, Greenland, with Self-Organizing Maps

The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) plays a crucial role in the Arctic climate, and atmospheric conditions are the primary modifier of mass balance. This analysis establishes the relationship between large-scale atmospheric circulation and principal determinants of GrIS mass balance: moisture, cloud properties, radiative forcing, and temperature. Using self-organizing maps (SOMs), observations from the Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric State, and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS) project are categorized by daily sea level pressure (SLP) gradient. The results describe in detail how southerly, northerly, and zonal circulation regimes impact observations at Summit Station, Greenland. This southerly regime is linked to large anomalous increases in low-level liquid cloud formation, cloud radiative forcing (CRF), and surface warming at Summit Station. An individual southerly pattern relates to the largest positive anomalies, with the most extreme 25% of cases leading to CRF anomalies above 21 W m−2 and temperature anomalies beyond 8.5°C. Finally, the July 2012 extreme melt event is analyzed, showing that the prolonged ice sheet warming was related to persistence of these southerly circulation patterns, causing an unusually extended period of anomalous CRF and temperature. These results demonstrate a novel methodology, connecting daily atmospheric circulation to a relatively brief record of observations.
Paste deposition over an existing subaqueous slurry deposit of high sulphide content tailings – the Neves Corvo experience

Neves Corvo is a world-class underground copper-zinc mine located in the south of Portugal. The mine has been in operation since 1988 by Somincor (Sociedade Mineira de Neves-Corvo SA), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lundin Mining Corporation from Canada. The pyritic tailings produced have a very high acid generation potential and until 2010 had been placed subaqueously in the Barragem Cerro do Lobo (BCL), a large tailings pond (190 ha) created by a rockfill dam, 42 m high, across a natural water course. That disposal system provided safe and reliable storage of the reactive tailings. However, by 2001 Somincor realised that the remaining subaqueous deposition capacity was limited and that an alternative site or other deposition methods would be required at this site. Following nine years of studies and evaluation of various alternatives Somincor decided to extend the life of the existing facility, by switching in late 2010 to using subaerial paste/thickened tailings deposition over the existing subaqueous slurry deposit. This approach provides the required storage volume for Somincor’s 2005 Life of Mine Plan, and allows maintaining the existing perimeter dam at its current elevation, and facilitates site closure. This paper presents the results of the first two years of operation of the paste production plant and depositional performance of the first two to four metres of paste/thickened tailings over the very loose subaqueous deposit. Routine monitoring data reported includes records of produced paste/thickened tailings densities, yield stress, particle size distribution (PSD), and average specific gravity (SG) of solids. Settlement, deposition beach slopes and piezometric levels in the paste and underlying subaqueous deposit are also routinely monitored. In addition, in 2012 a campaign of Cone Penetration Test Undrained (CPTu) testing and collection of piston samples was carried out to provide in situ strength and permeability data as well as evaluation of the state parameter of the deposited tailings. The 2012 CPTu data is being used for ongoing assessment of the dynamic stability of planned deposition for the next two years. This type of data and a planned special laboratory testing program will be used to calibrate a model of the evolution of the void ratio of the deposit as a function of time and of additional deposition loads. This model will guide the design of the final deposition landform. The environmental component of the deposition monitoring program includes the monitoring of the pH profile of the top one metre of tailings left exposed and allowed to dry as a result of the sequential rotation of tailings discharge.
Physical and sociocultural factors influencing hand hygiene behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among traders in Lusaka District, Zambia

The COVID-19 epidemiology highlights the challenges for containment, mitigation, and control in low-resource settings like Zambia and suggests that the most vulnerable groups, particularly those living in low-income environments and depending on casual livelihoods, demand attention. This study aimed to determine factors that affect hand hygiene behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic among traders at the New Soweto Market in Lusaka District. A cross-sectional analytical design was used to quantitatively investigate physical and sociocultural factors that affect hand hygiene behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic among traders at New Soweto Market in Lusaka District, Zambia. The study sample included a total of 125 registered traders at the New Soweto Market, which is the biggest market in the capital city of Zambia. Majority of the participants (98.1%) demonstrated knowledge on hand hygiene. Remarkably, hand hygiene compliance was significantly associated with acquisition of hand hygiene knowledge [X (6, N = 120) = 41.49, p = 0.000] and cultural customs [X (6, N = 120) = 62.09, p = 0.000]. Further, hand hygiene compliance was significantly associated with availability of hand hygiene services or facilities within the market, [X (6, N = 120) = 13.30, p = 0.038]. Despite this, majority of the participants (61.7%) reported that they did not benefit from any hand hygiene services or facilities from the Local Authority or Ministry of Health. For an effective infection prevention and control program regarding COVID-19 pandemic, relevant authorities should consider supporting traders with hand hygiene related services.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence by industry, workplace characteristics, and workplace infection prevention and control measures, North Carolina, 2021 to 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected workers in certain industries and occupations, and the workplace can be a high risk setting for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In this study, we measured SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence and identified work-related risk factors in a population primarily working at industrial livestock operations. Methods: We used a multiplex salivary SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody assay to determine infection-induced antibody prevalence among 236 adult (>=18 years) North Carolina residents between February 2021 and August 2022. We used the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (NIOCCS) to classify employed participants' industry and compared infection-induced IgG prevalence by participant industry and with the North Carolina general population. We also combined antibody results with reported SARS-CoV-2 molecular test positivity and vaccination history to identify evidence of prior infection. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios of prior infection by potential work-related risk factors, adjusting for industry and date. Results: Most participants (55%) were infection-induced IgG positive, including 71% of animal slaughtering and processing industry workers, which is 1.5 to 4.3 times higher compared to the North Carolina general population, as well as higher than molecularly-confirmed cases and the only other serology study we identified of animal slaughtering and processing workers. Considering questionnaire results in addition to antibodies, the proportion of participants with evidence of prior infection increased slightly, to 61%, including 75% of animal slaughtering and processing workers. Participants with more than 1000 compared to 10 or fewer coworkers at their jobsite had higher odds of prior infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 21.0). Conclusions: This study contributes evidence of the severe and disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 on animal processing and essential workers and workers in large congregate settings. We also demonstrate the utility of combining non-invasive biomarker and questionnaire data for the study of workplace exposures.
Online media use and COVID-19 vaccination in real-world personal networks

Background: Most studies assessing the impact of online and social media usage on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy predominantly rely on survey data, which often fails to capture the clustering of health opinions and behaviors within real-world networks. In contrast, research employing social network analysis aims to uncover the diverse communities and discourse themes related to vaccine support and hesitancy within social media platforms. Despite these advancements, there is a gap in the literature on how a person's social circle, which combines online and offline interactions, affects vaccine acceptance. Objective: We examined how online media consumption influences vaccination decisions within real-world social networks by analyzing unique quantitative network data collected from Romania, an Eastern European Union (EU) member state. Methods: We conducted 83 face-to-face interviews with participants from a living lab in Leresti, a small rural community in Romania, employing a Personal Network Analysis (PNA) framework. This approach involved gathering data on both the respondents and individuals within their social circles (referred to as social alters). After excluding cases with missing data, our analysis proceeded with 61 complete personal networks. To examine the hierarchical structure of alters nested within ego networks, we utilized a mixed multilevel logistic regression model with random intercepts. The model aimed to predict vaccination status among alters, with the focal independent variable being the ego's preferred source of health and prevention information. This variable was categorized into three types: traditional media, online media (including social media), and a combination of both, with traditional media serving as the reference category. Results: In this study, we analyzed 61 personal networks, encompassing between 15 and 25 alters each, totaling 1280 alters with valid data across all variables of interest. Our primary findings indicate that alters within personal networks, whose respondents rely solely on online media for health information, exhibit lower vaccination rates (odds ratio [OR] 0.37, 95% CI 0.15-0.92; P=.03). Conversely, the transition from exclusive traditional media use to a combination of both traditional and online media does not significantly impact vaccination odds (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.32-1.78; P=.52). Additionally, our analysis reveals that alters in personal networks with vaccinated egos are more likely to be vaccinated themselves (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.79-7.85; P<.001). Conclusion: Real-world networks combine offline and online human interactions with consequences on health opinions and behaviors. As individuals' vaccination status is influenced by how their social alters use online media and vaccination behavior, further insights are needed to create tailored communication campaigns and interventions regarding vaccination in areas with low levels of digital health literacy and vaccination rates, as Romania exposes.