Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors and outcomes of ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization in deferred lesion based on fractional flow reserve: a multi-center retrospective cohort study

Background Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has become the gold standard for diagnosing ischemia in angiographically intermediate epicardial coronary artery stenosis. This study investigated the clinical outcomes and predictors of revascularization deferral based on FFR. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed 474 lesions (440 patients) where revascularization was deferred based on the FFR value. Minimum lumen diameter and %-diameter stenosis were measured. Calcification was graded as none, mild, moderate, or heavy. The synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score I was also determined. The primary outcome was ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) in deferred lesions within 3 years. Patients were also assigned into two groups based on FFR value. Results The average age of the patients was 69.7±10.4 years. The average FFR value was 0.86±0.05. Stable angina pectoris was noted in 298 (67.7%) cases, and in-stent restenosis (ISR) was present in 28 (5.9%). The average SYNTAX score was 7.2±4.2. The 3-year ischemia-driven TLR was 18 lesions (3.8%). Cox proportional hazard model revealed that the SYNTAX score and ISR were independent predictors for TLR in deferred lesions [hazard ratio (HR) =1.10, 95% confidential interval (CI): 1.01–1.19, P=0.03; HR =6.33; 95% CI: 2.25–17.8, P<0.01, respectively]. The deferral group, with a low FFR value, tended to have higher TLR rates than other groups. Conclusions Lesions with lower FFR values were associated with a higher incidence of ischemia-driven TLR than those with higher FFR values. SYNTAX score and ISR were predictors for ischemia-driven TLR at 3 years in the deferred lesions.
Nienaber Sirolimus-eluting stents for percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction Lesson from a case-controlled comparison of bare metal versus drug-eluting stents in thrombus-laden lesions

Priv. -Doz. Dr. Frank Weber ()) Dr. Henrik Schneider · Cornelia Schwarz Dr. Christian Holzhausen Dr. Michael Petzsch Prof. Dr. Christoph Nienaber University Hospital Rostock Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6 18057 Rostock, Germany Tel. : +49-3 81 / 4 94 73 42 Fax: +49-3 81 / 4 94 77 26 E-Mail: frank.weber@medizin.uni-rostock.de Sirolimus-eluting Stents für die perkutane Koronarintervention im akuten Myokardinfarkt. Erkenntnisse aus einem Fall-KontrollVergleich von unbeschichteten Metallstents und Drug-eluting Stents in Thrombus beladenen Läsionen
Dissolved Iron Patterns Impacted by Shallow Hydrothermal Sources Along a Transect Through the Tonga‐Kermadec Arc

In the Western Tropical South Pacific, a hotspot of dinitrogen‐fixing organisms has been identified. The survival of these species depends on the availability of dissolved iron (DFe); however, the source of this DFe is still unclear. DFe was measured along a transect from 175°E to 166°W near 19–21°S. The distribution of DFe showed high spatial variability: low concentrations (∼0.2 nmol kg−1) in the South Pacific gyre and high concentrations (up to 50 nmol kg−1) in the west of the Tonga arc, indicating that this arc is a clear boundary between iron‐poor and iron‐rich waters. An optimal multiparameter analysis was used to distinguish the relative importance of physical transport relative to non‐conservative processes on the observed distribution. This analysis demonstrated that the shallow hydrothermal sources present along the Tonga‐Kermadec arc are responsible for the high concentrations observed in the photic layer. Nevertheless, in contrast to what has been observed for deep hydrothermal plumes, our results highlighted the rapid decrease in DFe concentrations near shallow hydrothermal sources. This is likely due to a shorter residence time of surface water masses combined with several biogeochemical processes at play (precipitation, scavenging, biological uptake, and photoreduction). This study clearly highlights the role of shallow hydrothermal sources on the DFe cycle within the Tonga‐Kermadec arc where a strong link to biological activity in surface waters can be assessed, despite the small but significant fraction of DFe ultimately stabilized. It also emphasizes the need to consider the impact of these sources for a better understanding of the global iron cycle.
A Novel Magnetic Transmission for Powerful Miniature Surgical Robots

Untethered magnetically actuated robots present significant advantages for biomedical applications by allowing power to be delivered wirelessly to remote, miniature robots through flesh and bone. Nevertheless, generating enough usable force to interact with their environment remains a challenge: Most millimeter-size magnetic robots achieve forces of much less than 0.1 N, which limits their medical applications. Therefore, a compact, millimeter-scale transmission is needed to amplify the output force. A novel microtransmission system is presented, composed of a driving magnet suspended between two twisted string actuators. An analytical model of the transmission is formulated to predict its behavior under both fixed load and fixed displacement configurations. Experimental measurements are used to validate the predicted maximum achievable force, to quantify the transmission performance over numerous cycles, to determine the effect of different string materials, and to determine the impact of hysteresis and viscoelasticity. Finally, the transmission is integrated into a 3 mm diameter surgical gripper prototype to demonstrate its effectiveness. With only a modest 20 mT of applied magnetic field, the gripper generates 1.09 N gripping force—a factor of 35 improvement in mechanical advantage and a factor of 62 improvement in gripping force compared to a similar size gripper using direct magnetic actuation. This microtransmission for miniature magnetic robots will enable high-strength untethered robots for minimally invasive surgical applications.
Identifying strengths in response to social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic among pre-university students in Singapore: a thematic enquiry

ABSTRACT Social isolation can have a negative impact on well-being, yet important strengths can emerge in adversity. Our aim was to explore how pre-university students in Singapore responded to the social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a thematic analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews with six pre-university students (three males and three females). Singaporean pre-university students found a “lack of face-to-face contact” (Theme 1) with friends challenging. However, they utilised “acceptance” (Theme 2), and “adaptability and resilience” (Theme 3) to cope with the changes associated with the COVID-19 restrictions. Educators, counsellors, parents and researchers may better support pre-university students’ well-being by discussing how to enhance the students’ strengths, rather than solely attempting to alleviate negative mental health outcomes.
airway obstruction in a subset of patients , and why reduction in FEV 1 is associated with a history of frequent exacerbations in asthmatic patients

airway obstruction in a subset of patients, and why reduction in FEV1 is associated with a history of frequent exacerbations in asthmatic patients. A similar study of asthmatic subjects with cold showed that there was a very high level of fibrinogen in induced sputum on day 4. We hypothesize that this highly elevated fibrinogen level in airways of asthmatic subjects can potentiate conversion to fibrin, which is not degraded because of the elevated local PAI-1 level, an occurrence that may lead to the airway obstruction. Althoughwe could not find a negative correlation between sputum PAI-1 levels and lung function due to the small sample size, we found that 2 patients with very high sputum PAI-1 level on days 1 to 3 and days 5 to 7 (Fig 1, B) were among 4 patients who had significant asthma exacerbation with FEV1 drop of 10% or more. It would be interesting to conduct further studies on this observation. A recent study showed that sputum levels of PAI-1 were significantly higher in patients with a longer duration than in those with a shorter duration of asthma. Our results raise the hypothesis that repeated respiratory viral infections may lead to repeated transient increases in airway PAI-1 levels in susceptible asthmatic patients, which over several years could lead to accelerated remodeling and progressive airway obstruction. In summary, this study demonstrates that lower airway PAI-1 levels are higher in asthmatic subjects than in healthy subjects and a common cold further increases upper and lower airway PAI-1 levels in asthmatic subjects. These results may explain the association between recurrent exacerbations and persistent lower airway obstruction. Further studies are needed to understand whether elevated PAI-1 levels lead to the accumulation of fibrin and extracellular matrix in airways of asthmatic patients.
Analysis of Pure Literal Elimination Rule for Non-uniform Random (MAX) k-SAT Problem with an Arbitrary Degree Distribution

MAX k-SAT is one of the archetypal NP-hard problems. Its variation called random MAX k-SAT problem was introduced in order to understand how hard it is to solve instances of the problem on average. The most common model to sample random instances is the uniform model, which has received a large amount of attention. However, the uniform model often fails to capture important structural properties we observe in the real-world instances. To address these limitations, a more general (in a certain sense) model has been proposed, the configuration model, which is able to produce instances with an arbitrary distribution of variables' degrees, and so can simulate biases in instances appearing in various applications. Our overall goal is to expand the theory built around the uniform model to the more general configuration model for a wide range of degree distributions. This includes locating satisfiability thresholds and analysing the performance of the standard heuristics applied to instances sampled from the configuration model. In this paper we analyse the performance of the pure literal elimination rule. We provide an equation that given an underlying degree distribution gives the number of clauses the pure literal elimination rule satisfies w.h. p. We also show how the distribution of variable degrees changes over time as the algorithm is being executed.
Influence of Management Automation on Managerial Decision-making in the Agro-Industrial Complex

—The preservation and rational use of the grown harvest, obtaining the maximum product output from raw materials today is one of the most important state tasks. Automation of production processes is the main area in which production is currently advancing around the world. Everything that was previously performed by the person himself, his functions, not only physical but also intellectual, are gradually transferred to automation systems that perform technological cycles and exercise control over them. The purpose of the article is to analyze the effect of automation on the ability to store grain in elevators. The main research question is what factors should be considered when introducing an automation system into the grain storage process at elevators to improve the efficiency of process control at enterprises. To solve the question posed, a qualitative study was conducted using the method of an expert survey. The article reveals the factors that affect the quality of grain; the tasks implemented in the computerized process control system (CPCS) and management information and control system (MICS); the factors that hinder the grain elevator automation; the tasks solved by the automation of grain elevators in the framework of autonomous subsystems and integrated automatic control systems (ACS). It is concluded that the implementation of automation in the process of grain storage in elevators leads to an increase in grain quality, increased productivity, reduction or elimination of losses caused by theft and the peculiarities of grain storage, saving energy resources, minimizing the impact of the human factor, as well as the risks of accidents. At that, the inclusion of non-standard tools in the MICS and CPCS makes it easier to solve several current automation problems. Creating standard problem-oriented complexes of responsible decision-makers based on an integrated ACS, with the inclusion of certified object-oriented non-standard tools in their composition, is the most rational way to further improve the efficiency of the automated control system of the industry.
Intimate Partner Violence in the Sub-Saharan African Immigrant Community in Chicago: A Changing Landscape

The challenges of conducting research on intimate partner violence (IPV) in immigrant communities means little is known about the occurrence of various forms of IPV, making it difficult to address in these populations. This research draws on data gathered in Chicago’s large and varied African immigrant communities. This research used a mixed methods approach: collection of quantitative survey data on occurrence, followed by qualitative interviews to explain the results. Missing quantitative data and contradicting qualitative responses made it difficult to draw definite conclusions on physical IPV; however, verbal abuse and controlling behaviours appear to be relatively widespread and normalised, and not always viewed as violence. Particularly with the probability of future pandemics and natural disasters, which are known to increase prevalence, it is important to raise awareness of less visible controlling behaviours and verbal abuse as forms of violence, and to implement appropriate prevention programs to minimise a concomitant rise in IPV within African immigrant communities.
Width & Depth Pruning for Vision Transformers

Transformer models have demonstrated their promising potential and achieved excellent performance on a series of computer vision tasks. However, the huge computational cost of vision transformers hinders their deployment and application to edge devices. Recent works have proposed to ﬁnd and remove the unimportant units of vision transformers. Despite achieving remarkable results, these methods take one dimension of network width into consideration and ignore network depth, which is another important dimension for pruning vision transformers. Therefore, we propose a Width & Depth Pruning (WDPruning) framework that reduces both width and depth dimensions simultaneously. Speciﬁcally, for width pruning, a set of learnable pruning-related parameters is used to adaptively adjust the width of transformer. For depth pruning, we introduce several shallow classiﬁers by using the intermediate information of the transformer blocks, which allows images to be classiﬁed by shallow classiﬁers instead of the deeper classiﬁers. In the inference period, all of the blocks after shallow classiﬁers can be dropped so they don’t bring additional parameters and computation. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can signiﬁcantly reduce the computational costs of mainstream vision transformers such as DeiT and Swin Transformer with a minor accuracy drop. In particular, on ILSVRC-12, we achieve over 22% pruning ratio of FLOPs by compressing DeiT-Base, even with an increase of 0.14% Top-1 accuracy.
Livestock feed markets across seasons in periurban areas of Niger: seller and buyer profiles, feed price and quality

Livestock productivity in West African Sahel is constrained by seasonal scarcity of feed and by its low quality in the dry season. Feed resources scarcity in the region has also been aggravated by the increase in livestock population, which has heightened the demand for feed, particularly in periurban areas. Livestock feed markets have thus sprung up in many cities and towns. To understand the dynamics of these markets, surveys were conducted in five of them in Maradi and five others in Niamey, Niger, in the early dry season (October-November 2019), late dry season (March-June 2020), and wet season (August-September 2020) with a semi-structured questionnaire. Results showed that diverse feed types were sold or bought, and mainly by adult male vendors or buyers, in both markets across seasons. The buyers gave as major reasons for purchasing livestock feed the insufficient household feed biomass, the poor-quality household feed, and the need for supplementary feeds to maintain and improve animal performance. Prices of livestock feeds at both markets varied significantly with season, market location and feed type. In both sites, prices of legume residues (cowpea hay, cowpea husk, groundnut haulm) were higher than the other feed types. Results further showed that there was no clear relationship between price and nutritional quality across seasons.
Synthesis of Supercapacitor from Cocoa Fruit Peel Activated Carbon for Energy Storage

The supercapacitor electrode has been synthesized using activated carbon from cocoa pods. Activated carbon was prepared by first drying the raw materials under the sunlight and followed by oven drying, pre-carbonization, milling, sieving, and chemical activation with 0.3 M and 0.4 M KOH solution. After chemical activation, the activated carbon was printed into pellet form, carbonized at a temperature of 600 °C, followed by physical activation at a temperature of 700 °C for four hours before polishing. We found that the optimum conditions are 700 °C and 0.4 M. The density of the obtained carbon electrode is 0.810 g/cm3. The SEM micrographs show the formation of pores with a diameter of 0.44 μm and 0.98 μm. The carbon content in the electrode sample measured using electron dispersive spectroscopy is 91.49%. The XRD data shows that the carbon electrode is amorphous with a diffraction angle (2θ) at 23.569° and 44.781°. The optimum specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is 140.2 F/g obtained for the sample activated for 2.5 hours.
Effect of copaiba essential oil on broiler chickens’ performance - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v35i2.15376

The effects of copaiba essential oil on growth performance and yield of slaughtered broilers were evaluated. Four hundred and fifty broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, and six replicates of 15 broiler chicks. Treatments comprised Control (commercial promoter) and four levels of copaiba essential oil, or rather, 0.15 (0.15EO); 0.30 (0.30EO); 0.45 (0.45EO) and 0.60 mL (0.60EO) kg -1 feed. The 21-day-old broilers fed on growth promoter had a greater body weight than that of birds fed on treatments with inclusion 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 mL of essential oil (p 0.05). The efficiency of productive index decreases in proportion to the increase of copaiba essential oil inclusion level. Copaiba essential oil may be included in the diet up to 0.15 mL kg -1 level without affecting the performance of broiler chickens.
Lexical and grammatical tone in Wiru (Southern Highlands Province, PNG)

This paper presents the first description of the tonal system in Wiru, a Trans New Guinea language spoken in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. Wiru has a mixed prosodic system, with both word-initial stress as well as lexical and grammatical tone based off of two tonal primitives: H and L. Both tones are phonologically active, as evidenced by the presence of contour tones and the preservation of floating L tones in cases of H tone spread. The domain of the tone contrast is a left-aligned trochaic foot, which can be specified as /H/, /HL/, or /LH/. Grammatical tone is found at the phrase level, particularly within noun phrases. In particular, certain noun phrase modifiers, including demonstratives and relative clauses, trigger replacive grammatical tone melodies on the modified noun. Phonological processes affecting tone include dramatic phrase-final lowering as well as bidirectional H-tone spread.
TRL-Net: a tiny object recognition and localization method in the artemisinin manufacturing process

Artemisinin is a key pharmaceutical ingredient for dysentery treatment. In the manufacturing process of artemisinin, artemisinin recognition and localization (ARL) is an important step to guarantee high drug purity. As an image processing problem, real-time solvent volatilization images of artemisinin production are used to determine the recognition of artemisinin materials. Images with artemisinin have small and intensive properties, which increases the difficulty of identification and location. Therefore, this paper proposes a tiny recognition and localization network (TRL-Net) based on a region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) to improve the performance of ARL. In TRL-Net, we establish a deep extraction backbone network with specially designed tiny necks to catch detailed features. Furthermore, tiny cross-entropy and Smooth-L1 loss functions are discovered to reduce the severe influence of negative samples on locating actions. Finally, experimental results on the real-world artemisinin dataset indicate that our proposed approach outperforms other compared methods.
Pressure-Induced Superconductivity of the Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Conductor (TMTTF)2TaF6

We investigated the superconductivity of (TMTTF)2TaF6 (TMTTF: tetramethyl-tetrathiafulvalene) by conducting resistivity measurements under high pressure up to 8 GPa. A cubic anvil cell (CAC) pressure generator, which can produce hydrostatic high-pressure, was used for this study. Since the generalized temperature-pressure (T-P) diagram of (TMTCF)2X (C = Se, S, X: monovalent anion) based on (TMTTF)2PF6 (TCO = 70 K and spin-Peierls: SP, TSP = 15 K) was proposed by Jérome, exploring superconductivity states using high-pressure measurement beyond 4 GPa has been required to confirm the universality of the electron-correlation variation under pressure in (TMTTF)2X (TMTTF)2TaF6, which has the largest octahedral-symmetry counter anion TaF6 in the (TMTTF)2X series, possesses the highest charge-ordering (CO) transition temperature (TCO = 175 K) in (TMTTF)2X and demonstrates an anti-ferromagnetic transition (TAF = 9 K) at ambient pressure. A superconducting state in (TMTTF)2TaF6 emerged after a metal-insulator transition was suppressed with increasing external pressure. We discovered a superconducting state in 5 ≤ P ≤ 6 GPa from Tc = 2.1 K to 2.8 K, whose pressure range is one-third narrower than that of X = SbF6 (5.4 ≤ P ≤ 9 GPa). In addition, when the pressures with maximum SC temperatures are compared between the PF6 and the TaF6 salts, we found that (TMTTF)2TaF6 has a 0.75 GPa on the negative pressure side in the T-P phase diagram of (TMTTF)2PF6.
Sequential Nonparametric K-Medoid Clustering of Data Streams

We study a sequential nonparametric clustering problem to group a finite set of S data streams into K clusters. The data streams are real-valued i.i. d data sequences generated from unknown continuous distributions. The distributions them-selves are organized into clusters according to their proximity to each other based on a certain distance metric. We propose a universal sequential nonparametric clustering test for the case when K is known. We show that the proposed test stops in finite time almost surely and is universally exponentially consistent. We also bound the asymptotic growth rate of the expected stopping time as probability of error goes to zero. Our results generalize earlier work on sequential nonparametric anomaly detection to the more general sequential nonparametric clustering problem, thereby providing a new test for case of anomaly detection where the anomalous data streams can follow distinct probability distributions. Simulations show that our proposed sequential clustering test outperforms the corresponding fixed sample size test.