Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) on ion leakage, total phenol, antioxidant enzymes activities and cobalt accumulation in Brassica napus L.

Interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) as a significant threat to ecosystems with biological processes of plants is very important. Here, the effects of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) NPs on some physio-biochemical characteristics of Brassica napus L. were investigated. The two-weeks seedlings were sprayed with different concentrations of Co3O4 NPs (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg L). The results showed that this treatment significantly affected the fresh and dry weights, area, relative water content (RWC) and relative chlorophyll value (SPAD) of leaves. The highest reduction of growth and biomass indexes occurred at 4000 mg L NPs. The content of H2O2 and electrolyte leakage (EL) increased respectively, after 100 and 250 mg L of Co3O4 NPs and showed a maximum level at 4000 mg L. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased after 100 mg L of Co3O4 NPs. However, tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) activity enhanced after 500 mg L. The catalase (CAT) activity and protein content decreased after 1000 mg L of Co3O4 NPs. Application of concentrations higher than 500 mg L of Co3O4 NPs induced polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity but reduced glutathione reductase (GR). The activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased at 250-1000 mg L of Co3O4 NPs and then decreased. These results suggested that low concentrations of Co3O4 NPs induced a positive effect on growth parameters but high levels caused extensive oxidative damage and mediated defense responses by organization of phenolic compounds and antioxidative system.
Preliminary Study on the Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Paulownia Tomentosa Steud Flower

The flavonoids was extracted by 70% alcohol as solvent from the paulownia tomentosa steud flower.The antioxidative activity of the extract to lard oil was studied.The potentiating effect of citric acid on the extraction was also studied. The the extracted flavonoids shown antioxidative activity to lard oil and became strong with the extraction addition increased.The citric acid has notable potentiating effect on the antioxidant activity of flavonoids.
RECIPROCITY IN STUDENT GROUPS: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM GREECE

Every correlated theory on the decision-making process takes for granted that individuals have a self-seeking behaviour in a self-regulating economic system. That means that under emergency and risk situations subjects make decisions following the above theories, among fixed-various alternatives. Nevertheless, the results have emerged from many investigations of recent years indicate a completely different approach on people's everyday decision making. Elements of human character such as justice, altruism and reciprocity seem to overlap the overall aspects of them. So, in this paper we aim to investigate the existence of reciprocity, or not, in student communities. In order to achieve this, two games of Game Theory list were adopted and applied in two different Greek Universities while Experimental Economics methods were used. These non-cooperative games (Ultimatum & Dictator game) interacted as one in an uncertain environment. The results of the experimental process showed a reciprocal behaviour (positive or negative) among students with small differences between the two universities.
Growth and productivity of mungbean verities under foliar application of iron in semi-arid eastern plain zone of Rajasthan

Pulses, also known as grain legumes are next to cereals in terms of agricultural importance and have been considered best option for diversification and intensification of agriculture across the globe. Therefore, present investigation was planned to evaluate the response of Mungbean varieties to foliar application of iron. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations of four varieties ie. IPM 02-3, SML-668, RMG-492 and RMG-62 and five iron application practices i.e. Control, 0.5% FeSO4 spray at branching, 0.5%FeSO4 spray at flowering and 0.5% FeSO4 spray at branching +flowering and replicated three times. Results revealed that RMG 492 recorded significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches and leaf area index over RMG 62, IPM 02-3 and SML 668 at 50 DAS and at harvest. Among the iron spray, foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4 at branching+ flowering stage significantly increased the plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches and leaf area index plant height of mungbean over control at 50 DAS and at harvest stages. Likewise, RMG 492 produced significantly higher grain yield (1518 kg/ha) over SML 668 (1221 kg/ha), IPM 02-3 (1311 kg/ha) and RMG 62 (1406 kg/ha) with a quantum increase of 297, 207 and 112 kg/ha, respectively. The corresponding increase in terms of percentage was 24.3, 15.7 and 7.9 per cent, respectively. Foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO4 at all the stages significantly increased the grain yield of mungbean. Application of 0.5% FeSO4 at branching + flowering recorded an increase of 28.5 per cent, over control. The variety RMG 492 recorded the maximum straw yield of 3076 kg/ha which was significantly higher over RMG 62 (2864 kg/ha), IPM 02-3 (2695 kg/ha) and SML 668 (2515 kg/ha) representing quantum increase of 561, 381 and 212 kg/ha, respectively. Application of 0.5% FeSO4 spray significantly increased the straw yield of mungbean. The highest value of straw yield was recorded with of 0.5% FeSO4 spray at branching and branching + flowering stage which was 15.6 and 20.8 per cent higher over control. Based on the results of this experiment, it may be inferred that Mungbean variety RMG 492 was found most suitable for obtaining higher productivity. Similarly, foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4 at branching + flowering stage was observed as the most effective for enhancing growth and yields of Mungbean.
A revision of the Iblidae and the stalked barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica), including new ordinal, familial and generic taxa, and two new species from New Zealand and Tasmanian waters

The discovery of two diminutive and very distinct ibliform barnacles from shallow waters off northern New Zealand and northeastern Tasmania provides an opportunity to re-evaluate the Iblidae, the most primitive of the living thoracicans. These are retained within the Superorder Thoracica, but are distinguished at ordinal level from the remainder of the Pedunculata s.l. The resultant new order, the Ibliformes nov., comprises barnacles with predominantly chitinous rather than calcareous capitular plates; two families are recognized, the Iblidae s.s. , comprising two subfamilies, the Iblinae (Ibla s.s.) and the Neoiblinae nov. (Neoibla gen. nov.), and the Idioiblidae nov. comprising the Idioiblinae nov. (Idioibla gen. nov.) and the Chaetolepadinae nov. (Chaetolepas Studer, 1889 and Chitinolepas gen. nov.). The monotypic Chitinolepas further highlights the high endemism and relict nature of the New Zealand marine fauna in particular and the southern hemisphere in general. On the basis of morphology and, where possible, genetic and larval work, it is recommended that the remainder of the stalked thoracicans be divided between three new orders, the †Cyprilepadiformes, Ibliformes, Lepadiformes and Scalpelliformes.
Feeding Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis, Jacq.) Fronds Alters Rumen Protozoal Population and Ruminal Fermentation Pattern in Goats

Oil palm fronds (OPF), normally available all the year round, may provide a sustainable ruminant feed for livestock industry in tropical regions. A feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of feeding OPF on the rumen protozoal population, rumen fermentation and fatty acid profiles of rumen fluid in goats. Twenty-four five-month-old Kacang crossbred male goats were individually housed and fed for 100 d with concentrate diets supplemented with oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) frond pellets. The treatments were: CON (100% concentrate), MOPF (75% concentrate + 25% OPF, w/w) and HOPF (50% concentrate + 50% OPF, w/w). The diets were adjusted to be isocaloric. The pH of rumen fluid was in the order of HOPF (5.90)>MOPF (5.74)>CON (5.62). Both HOPF (17.75x104/mL) and MOPF (17.13x104/mL) had significantly (P<0.05) higher population of Entodinium sp. than CON (14.88x104/mL). Although populations of Holotrichs and total protozoa among the three groups did not show any significant difference (P>0.05), populations were in the numerical order of HOPF>MOPF>CON. The molar proportions of acetate were significantly higher (P<0.05) in HOPF animals compared to MOPF and CON. The altered status in the rumen environment due to supplementation of OPF in the diets resulted in the highest (P<0.05) amount of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in the rumen of animals receiving HOPF and MOPF diet. These results were suggestive of a decreased biohydrogenation in the rumen, resulting in higher levels of UFA available for hindgut absorption, and hence their increased incorporation in the plasma and edible tissues of the HOPF animals.
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF SPELT AND BUCKWHEAT HULL ON SELECTED PROPERTIES OF YOGHURT

Buckwheat and spelled hulls are little tested in their use in the production of functional foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of hull as a functional additive in yoghurt and to determine the effect of various doses of buckwheat and spelt hull on the physicochemical, organoleptic and microbiological properties of yoghurt. The enrichment of yoghurt with buckwheat and spelled hull resulted in a decrease in total acidity and a decrease in syneresis. Addition of spelt and buckwheat hulls to yoghurts reduced the colour brightness and increased the intensity of the red and yellow colours. The highest number of S. thermophilus was found in yoghurt containing 3% buckwheat hull and the beneficial effect of the addition of hull on L. bulgaricus growth was demonstrated. The type of hull determined the flavour and odour of yoghurts. Spelt hull gave the yoghurts a more intense floury and grainy flavour than buckwheat hull.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pet Dogs in Anhui Province, China

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite, which can infect all nucleated cells in a variety of vertebrate animals, including human, causing toxoplasmosis. Although a number of studies have reported on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dogs in China, however, information about T. gondii infection in pet dogs in Anhui, China is not available. Methods: The modified agglutination test (MAT) was used to detect antibodies in sera samples from 468 pet dogs at Anhui Province in China from November 2013 to April 2017. Results: 18.6% animals were T. gondii seropositive, indicating a slightly higher prevalence of T. gondii infection in pet dogs in Anhui, China in comparison with other provinces in China. Conclusion: Our present study provided epidemiological data on T. gondii seroprevalence in pet dogs in Anhui, China for the effective prevention and control of the parasite prevalence in this area.
“A” Business by Any Other Name: Firm Name Choice as a Signal of Firm Quality

This paper considers when a firm’s deliberately chosen name can signal meaningful information. The average plumbing firm whose name begins with A or a number receives five times more service complaints than other firms and also charges higher prices. Relatedly, plumbers with A names advertise more in the Yellow Pages and on Google, and doing so is positively correlated with receiving complaints. As the use of A names is more prevalent in larger markets, I reconcile these findings with a simple model in which firms have different qualities and consumers have heterogeneous search costs.
Antiviral Activity and Identification of Streptomyces Strain HNS2-2

A Streptomyces strain,designated as HNS2-2,were isolated from a soil sample from Shennongjia nature preservation zone and proved antiviral activity in culture filtrates by mechanical inoculation with tobacco mosaic virus(TMV). HNS2-2 was primarily identified as Streptomyces herbaricolor by morphology under scanning electronic microscope,culture characteristics,chemotaxonomic tests and 16S rRNA analysis.The culture filtrate of HNS2-2 exhibited desirable inhibition effect against TMV.92. 62% of lesion number reduction was found on Datura stramonium,a necrosis host of TMV,when TMV was mixed with the 5 time dilution of HNS2-2 culture filtrate for 1 h.83. 78% and 67.26% reductions for spraying 5 time dilution of HNS2-2 culture filtrate before or after TMV inoculation respectively.On the other hand,61.88%,54.06% and 42.37% symptom inhibition on the systemic infection host Nicotiana tabacum cv.K326 was observed respectively.
Peroxidase Overproduction in Tomato: Wound-induced Polyphenol Deposition and Disease Resistance

Lignin composition in leaf, fruit, and fruit outer epidermis of transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants that overproduce the enzyme tobacco anionic peroxidase (TobAnPOD) was analyzed. This enzyme may catalyze the polymerization of cinnamyl alcohols into lignin in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.); therefore, we predicted that its presence in the transformed tissue would increase lignin levels in healthy and wounded tissue. Lignin levels in healthy plants increased by 20% in leaf, 49% in fruit, and 106% in fruit outer epidermal tissue. Mature-green fruit were aseptically wounded and incubated in darkness for up to 7 days. Soluble phenols in wounded transgenic fruit increased by more than 300% hut changed little in control fruit. As with soluble phenols, lignin content in wounded transformed fruit increased by more than 20-fold hut increased less than two-fold in control fruit. Transgenic seedlings overproducing TobAnPOD were screened for susceptibility to several pathogens, but resistance did not increase. Possible TobAnPOD roles in lignin biosynthesis, phenol metabolism, stress response, and disease resistance are discussed.
Managing the copper paradox: Protein stability, copper-binding, and inter-protein interactions of copper chaperones

Managing the Copper Paradox: Protein Stability, Copper-Binding, and Inter-Protein Interactions of Copper Chaperones by Faiza Hussain To minimize copper (Cu) toxicity, organisms have evolved Cu transport pathways involving soluble metallochaperones that bind, transport, and deliver Cu to specific partner proteins, such as Cu-ATPases. The human Cu chaperone, Atoxl, delivers Cu to the metal-binding domains of Menkes (MNK) and Wilson (WND) disease proteins that are Cu-ATPases in the Golgi network that transfer Cu to cuproenzymes (e.g., ceruloplasmin) that traverse the Golgi lumen. The metal binding motif, MetXiCysXXCys, and the ferredoxin-like fold appear conserved in both cytoplasmic Cu chaperones and the cytoplasmic metal-binding domains of the target Cu-ATPases from different organisms. The work reported here provides a basic understanding of in vitro holoand apoprotein stability, Cu-dissociation mechanisms, and donor-acceptor interactions of key copper transport chaperones. Studies were conducted on purified protein variants using circular dichroism, fluorescence, and absorbance methods in equilibrium and timeresolved modes. We developed a kinetic assay to determine the Cu-dissociation mechanism of these proteins and a near-UV CD method for monitoring interactions between Atoxl and WND domains to complement NMR measurements and computer
The Predictor Role of the Search for Meaning in Life in the Determination of High School Students’ Lifelong Learning Tendencies

The current study aims to determine the extent to which high school students’ lifelong learning tendencies are predicted by their search for meaning in life. The study was conducted on a total of 352 senior high school students (165 females, 187 males) attending high schools located in the Bodrum District of the city of Mugla. The data of the study was collected by using a personal information form developed by the researchers, The Lifelong Learning Tendencies Scale developed by Coskun (2009) and the sub-dimension of the search for meaning in life in the Meaning in Life Scale High School Form adapted to Turkish by Demirbas-Celik and Ismen-Gazioglu (2015). In the analysis of the collected data, Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between the variables and in relation to the differences, independent samples t-test and one-way variance analysis were employed. All the analyses were conducted in SPSS 20.0 program package. At the end of the study, it was found that the high school students’ lifelong learning tendencies are positively and significantly predicted by their search for meaning in life. Moreover, the high school students’ lifelong learning tendencies were found to be varying significantly depending on gender and the type of the school attended. The findings of the study are discussed in light of the literature.
A study on the tetracycline resistance Staphylococcus aureus from milk

The present study was undertaken to isolate the Staphylococcus aureus from raw milk samples obtained from local vendors, to study their antibiotic sensitivity/resistant patterns, the molecular characterization of species specific Staphylococcus aureus and their methicillin resistance and tetracycline resistance by using the primers derived from nuc and tetK genes which gave specific amplification product of 270 bp and 360 bp for S. aureus and tetracycline resistance respectively. Out of 400 samples collected from different sources, 374 samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, Among the 374 isolates 191 isolates were confirmed as pathogenic S. aureus by a positive coagulase test. A pannel of 8 antibiotic discs were tested by using the standard disc diffusion method. Among the 191 isolates maximum resistance was observed for penicillin (74.9%) followed by gentamycin (27.2%), erythromycin (21%), cefoxitin (15.2%), and ciprofloxacin (11.5%), tetracycline (7.8%), cotrimoxazole (5.8%), chloramphenicol (0.5%). Out of 400 samples 374 samples were positive for S. aureus by cultural methods and 191 (51.07%, 191/374) were positive by PCR method. All the coagulase positive S. aureus isolates (191) were positive for nuc gene. In the present study for all the tetracycline resistant S. aureus isolates PCR assay was conducted by targeting tetK gene. Out of 15 tetracycline resistant S. aureus isolates 12 isolates were positive for tetK gene. This accounts for 6.3% of the total S. aureus isolates.
Adoption of pigeon pea production technology among the adopted and non-adopted Villages respondents of front line demonstrations

Organising “Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs)” on various crops to generate production data and feedback information is one of the mandates of KVKs. The present study was conducted in four randomly selected villages of Narmada district from the list of KVK adopted villages. While four neighboring villages of the adopted one were selected purposively as the Non-adopted village. From each village's ten respondents, thus 80 respondents were randomly selected. It was observed that majority of the respondents were in middle age group, educated up to primary school level, participated in social activities, participated in more than one extension activity, annual income up to Rs.50,000/-, engaged in farming as main occupation, possessed 0.01 – 2.00 ha of land, found to have medium level of economic motivation and found to have medium level of knowledge and adoption of pigeon pea production technology in adopted villages whereas, majority of the respondents were in middle age group, educated up to primary school level, not participated in social activities, participated in more than one extension activity, annual income up to Rs. 50,000/-, engaged in farming as main occupation, possessed 0.01 – 1.00 ha of land and found to have medium level of economic motivation in non-adopted villages. Majority 95.00 per cent of the respondents were found to have medium to high level of adoption about pigeon pea production technology in adopted villages.
Institutional Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation in Burkina Faso: How could We Go around Them?

Despite the existence of a National Adaptation Plan to climate change (NAP) in Burkina Faso, operationalizing adaptation still face a number of challenges. The current study focused on identifying institutional barriers to the strategic objectives of climate change adaptation (CCA) using a literature review and semi-structured interviews conducted with key stakeholders / resource persons involved in the implementation of the NAP. The results revealed a weak collaboration between the NAP steering institution and the ministerial departments covered by the NAP. This situation, first, hampers the implementation of adaptation actions and secondly, the monitoring reporting and verification of adaptation initiatives. Further, the analysis revealed that lack of financial resources poses constraints to many actions that were to be taken by the steering institution and therefore creates poor ownership of the NAP by the main stakeholders that should be actively involved in the NAP process. To cope with the various constraints, it is necessary to have strong political support in many aspects. For instance, it was judged that institutionalizing the role of climate change (CC) focal point within the ministries and embedding NAP monitoring and evaluation (M&E) objectives and indicators with existing functional M&E systems in the sectorial ministries will ease CCA actions integration in operational plans, their implementation and documentation. Moreover, it is relevant to have a continuous capacity building plan to keep stakeholders updated on climate change issues as this will support them in their mandate of mainstreaming CC into ministerial operational plans and lead to optimal CCA implementation and monitoring.
Analysis of Heavy Metal Distribution in Regional Sediments Batang Ayumi River Flow

The presence of heavy metals in waters can be sourced from mining, household, agricultural waste and industrial wastes. Some heavy metals are toxic such as Cu, Hg, and Pb can accumulate in aquatic sediments. Sediments that are contaminated with heavy metals will endanger the organisms that live in them. This research aims to identify the concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Hg, and Pb in sediments in the Batang Ayumi River. This research uses a descriptive exploratory method by conducting a survey in advance. Determination of sampling locations using purposive sampling method at four determined stations. This research uses an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data analysis was performed by comparing the test result data with the quality standards issued by the IADC / CEDA. The test results show that the concentration of Cu, Hg and Pb in the sediment has a value smaller than the target level value, so the substance in the sediment is not too dangerous for the environment.
Air Pollution in Kolkata: Emerging Challenges and Dynamics

Article history Received: 27 July 2020 Accepted: 10 August 2020 Published Online: 30 September 2020 In 2016 WHO reported that Kolkata is the second most polluted city in India behind Delhi. Albeit the number of registered vehicles in Kolkata is much less compare to Delhi. Kolkata has encountered a decade long battle against change of old vehicles and fuel types. So, this paper made an attempt to explore the dynamics of air pollution in the city specially pre and post period of vehicle and fuel change in the city. The objectives of the paper include looking at spatiotemporal change of air pollution the city. Besides, the paper additionally illuminates on the role of land use functions and pollution in the city. The analysis shows that after the implementation of regulatory measures air pollution in the city reduced to some extent but effects of the measure gradually diminished. It is found that land use function as well as dynamics of metropolitan area plays crucial role in the air pollution of the city.