Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTH_A_321358 2635..2641

1Gainesville Eye Associates, Gainesville, GA, USA; 2Science in Vision, Bend, OR, USA Purpose: To compare the relative effectiveness of Verion-LenSx guided femtosecond arcuate incisions and manual incisions in reducing postoperative refractive astigmatism. Patients and Methods: This was a contralateral eye, prospective study that included subjects with 0.50 D to 1.75 D of corneal astigmatism who wanted less refractive astigmatism post cataract surgery. The surgeon used anterior keratometry and the Woodcock astigmatism nomogram for preoperative planning, while the LenSx femtosecond laser with the Verion Image Guided System was used to create all laser arcuate incisions. Manual incisions were planned using the Donnenfeld nomogram and made with a fixed-depth diamond knife. The primary outcome measure was the residual refractive astigmatism at 3 months postoperative. Secondary outcome measures included the manifest refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity and the change in corneal astigmatism from 1 to 3 months postoperative. Results: Forty-one subjects were successfully enrolled in the study, with data from 38 subjects available at 3 months. There were no statistically significant differences in refractive astigmatism, corneal astigmatism, uncorrected distance visual acuity or manifest refraction between the Manual and Femto groups at either 1 month or 3 months. Significant changes in refractive and corneal astigmatism were noted between 1 months and 3 months. Ninety percent of eyes in both groups had ≤0.50 D of refractive astigmatism at 3 months. Two minor non-serious adverse events (full-thickness incisions of the cornea) occurred in two eyes of two different subjects in the Manual group; they were resolved without incident. Conclusion: Laser arcuate incisions appear to be an effective means of reducing postoperative refractive astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery. No significant clinical differences were observed between incisions made manually and those made with an imageguided femto-second laser system. The lower number of minor adverse events experienced with the femtosecond laser system is an apparent advantage.
The $K$-theory spectrum of varieties

Using a construction closely related to Waldhausen's $S_\bullet$-construction, we produce a spectrum $K(\mathbf{Var}_{/k})$ whose components model the Grothendieck ring of varieties (over a field $k$) $K_0 (\mathbf{Var}_{/k})$. We then produce liftings of various motivic measures to spectrum-level maps, including maps into Waldhausen's $K$-theory of spaces $A(\ast)$ and to $K(\mathbf{Q})$. We end with a conjecture relating $K(\mathbf{Var}_{/k})$ and the doubly-iterated $K$-theory of the sphere spectrum.
The critical temperature of the Ising model on the square lattice, an easy way

AbstractThe goal of this article is twofold. First, we present a short derivation of the critical tem-perature for the Ising model on the square lattice, using recent techniques developed for thestudy of the critical regime. Second, we compute its correlation length at high temperature byexhibiting a connexion, rst noticed by Messikh, between the two-point function of the Isingmodel and large deviations for a certain random walk. 1 Introduction The Ising model was introduced by Lenz [11] as a model for ferromagnetism. His student Isingproved in his PhD thesis [8] that the model does not exhibit any phase transition in one dimension.On the square lattice L = (Z 2 ;E), the Ising model is the rst model where phase transition andnon-mean- eld behavior have been established (this was done by Peierls [14]). An Ising con guration is a random assignment of spins f 1;1gon Z 2 such that the probabilityof a con guration ˙is proportional to exp[ P a˘b ˙(a)˙(b)], where is the inverse temperatureof the model and a˘bmeans that ab2E. Kramers and Wannier identi ed (without proof) thecritical temperature where the phase transition occurs, separating an ordered from a disorderedphase, using planar duality. In 1944, Kaufman and Onsager [9] computed the free energy of themodel, paving the way of an analytic derivation of its critical temperature. In 1987, Aizenman,Barsky and Fernandez [1] found a computation of the critical temperature based on di erentialinequalities. Both strategies are quite involved, and the rst goal of this paper is to present anelementary derivation of the critical inverse temperature:Theorem 1.1. The critical inverse temperature
Sur le produit avec compteur modulo un nombre entier

Nous montrons que la hierarchie obtenue a partir d'une variete de langages en iterant le produit avec compteur modulo un nombre premier s'effondre au premier niveau, et ceci quelle que soit la variete de depart. Nous montrons aussi l'equivalence entre le produit avec compteur modulo p et le produit avec compteur modulo p r pour tout nombre premier p et tout entier r ≥ 1
Viviani Polytopes and Fermat Points

Summary Given a set of oriented hyperplanes ℘ = {p1, ‖, pk} in ℝn, define v : ℝn ⃯ ℝ by v(X) = the sum of the signed distances from X to p1, ‖, pk, for any point X ∈ Rℝn. We give a simple geometric characterization of ℘ for which v is constant, leading to a connection with the Fermat point of k points in ℝn. Finally, we discuss the full content of Viviani's theorem historically.
Math Talks for Undergraduates

For many years Serge Lang has given talks to undergraduates on selected items in mathematics which could be extracted at a level understandable by students who have had calculus. Written in a conversational tone, Lang now presents a collection of those talks as a book. The talks could be given by faculty, but even better, they may be given by students in seminars run by the students themselves. Undergraduates, and even some high school students, will enjoy the talks which cover prime numbers, the abc conjecture, approximation theorems of analysis, Bruhat-Tits spaces, harmonic and symmetric polynomials, and more in a lively and informal style.
Convergence of paths for pseudo-contractive mappings in Banach spaces

Let X be a real Banach space, let K be a closed convex subset of X, and let T , from K into X, be a pseudo-contractive mapping (i.e. (λ − 1) ‖u−v‖ ≤ ‖(λI−T )(u)−(λI−T )(v)‖ for all u, v ∈ K and λ > 1). Suppose the space X has a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm, such that every closed bounded convex subset of K enjoys the Fixed Point Property for nonexpansive self-mappings. Then the path t → xt ∈ K, t ∈ [0, 1), defined by the equation xt = tTxt + (1− t)x0 is continuous and strongly converges to a fixed point of T as t→ 1−, provided that T satisfies the weakly inward condition.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Main results of the First International PIV Challenge

The aim of this paper is to present the main results of the First International PIV Challenge which took place in Gottingen (Germany) on 14 and 15 September 2001. This workshop was linked to the PIV01 International Symposium which was held in the same place the week after. The present contribution gives the objectives of the challenge, describes the test cases and the algorithms used and presents the main results obtained together with some discussion and conclusions on the accuracy and robustness of both PIV and PTV algorithms. As it is not possible to detail all the results obtained, this contribution should serve as a guide for the use of the full database of images and results which is available at http://www.pivchallenge. org.
Pasting Bites Together For Prediction In Large Data Sets And On-Line

The size of many data bases have grown to the point where they cannot fit into the fast memory of even large memory machines, to say nothing of current workstations. If what we want to do is to use these data bases to construct predictions of various characteristics, then since the usual methods require that all data be held in fast memory, various work-arounds have to be used. This paper studies one such class of methods which give accuracy comparable to that which could have been obtained if all data could have been held in core and which are computationally fast. The procedure takes small bites of the data, grows a predictor on each small bite and then pastes these predictors together. The methods are also applicable to on-line learning.
Macrophage polarization as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis: a dynamic stochastic modelling study

We proposed a dynamic stochastic mathematical model to evaluate the role of macrophage polarization in plaque development. The dynamic process of macrophages from proliferation to death was simulated under different lipid microenvironments. The probability of macrophage phenotypic switching was described using a Bernoulli distribution where the stochastic variable was determined by the local lipid level. Moreover, the interactions between macrophages and microenvironmental factors vary with macrophage phenotype. We investigated the distribution of key microenvironmental factors, the dynamics of macrophage polarization and its influence on foam cell formation. M1 macrophages were found to predominate in advanced plaque corresponding to the exacerbated inflammation observed in mice experiments. The imbalance between the deposition of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and phagocytic effects of macrophages governed the formation of foam cells. Furthermore, we simulated targeted therapies by either directly inhibiting the polarization probability to M1 macrophages or indirectly regulating macrophage polarization due to high-density lipoprotein levels. Comparison of simulation results with experimental findings in both therapies indicated that the intervention and regulation of macrophage polarization could influence plaque microenvironment and subsequently induce plaque regression, especially in the early stage. The proposed modelling system can facilitate the evaluation of novel therapies targeting macrophage polarization.
Population demography of feral honeybee colonies in central European forests

European honeybee populations are considered to consist only of managed colonies, but recent censuses have revealed that wild/feral colonies still occur in various countries. To gauge the ecological and evolutionary relevance of wild-living honeybees, information is needed on their population demography. We monitored feral honeybee colonies in German forests for up to 4 years through regular inspections of woodpecker cavity trees and microsatellite genotyping. Each summer, about 10% of the trees were occupied, corresponding to average densities of 0.23 feral colonies km−2 (an estimated 5% of the regional honeybee populations). Populations decreased moderately until autumn but dropped massively during winter, so that their densities were only about 0.02 colonies km−2 in early spring. During the reproductive (swarming) season, in May and June, populations recovered, with new swarms preferring nest sites that had been occupied in the previous year. The annual survival rate and the estimated lifespan of feral colonies (n = 112) were 10.6% and 0.6 years, respectively. We conclude that managed forests in Germany do not harbour self-sustaining feral honeybee populations, but they are recolonized every year by swarms escaping from apiaries.
Blockade of the Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Synergizes with Opsonizing Antibodies to Protect Mice against Bordetella pertussis

Despite high vaccine coverage in developed countries, the incidence of pertussis has increased in recent decades, often leading to severe consequences for sensitive groups, including infants. For this reason, improving the efficacy of pertussis vaccines is critical, and the addition of new antigens is a leading strategy to achieve this goal. ABSTRACT Bordetella produces an array of virulence factors, including the adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), which is essential, immunogenic in humans, and highly conserved. Despite mediating immune-evasive functions as a leukotoxin, ACT’s potential role as a protective antigen is unclear. To better understand the contributions of humoral anti-ACT immunity, we evaluated protection against Bordetella pertussis by antibodies binding structurally defined ACT epitopes in a mouse pneumonia model. An ACT-neutralizing antibody, but not a nonneutralizing antibody or an isotype control, significantly increased mouse survival after lethal challenge with B. pertussis. When modified to impair Fc effector functions, the neutralizing antibody retained protective capabilities, indicating that protection was mediated by the blockade of the interactions of ACT with its αMβ2 integrin receptor. After infection with a lower bacterial dose, ACT neutralization synergistically reduced lung bacterial colonization levels when combined with an opsonic antibody binding the surface antigen pertactin. Notably, protection was significantly enhanced when antibodies were administered intranasally as opposed to systemically, indicating that local immune responses are key to antibody-mediated protection against ACT and pertactin. These data reconcile previous conflicting reports to indicate that neutralizing anti-ACT antibodies support the phagocytosis of opsonized B. pertussis and thereby contribute to pertussis protection in vivo. IMPORTANCE Despite high vaccine coverage in developed countries, the incidence of pertussis has increased in recent decades, often leading to severe consequences for sensitive groups, including infants. For this reason, improving the efficacy of pertussis vaccines is critical, and the addition of new antigens is a leading strategy to achieve this goal. The Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) acts to disarm host immunity and is considered a promising vaccine candidate since it is found in all Bordetella species. In this work, we show that antibodies neutralizing ACT offer protection against pertussis. Using a murine infection model, we show that antibodies neutralizing ACT can contribute to protection against infection through synergistic interactions with antibodies recognizing current vaccine antigens. Our data can help guide the design of future vaccines, whereby the inclusion of ACT-based immunogens might increase protection against pertussis infection.
Synthetic Genetic Interactions Reveal a Dense and Cryptic Regulatory Network of Small Noncoding RNAs in Escherichia coli

sRNAs have long been purported to be a critical mechanism by which bacteria respond to stress; however, uncovering growth phenotypes for sRNA deletion strains in E. coli and related bacteria has proven particularly challenging. In contrast, the deletion of hfq, a chaperone required for the activity of many sRNAs in E. coli, results in striking growth defects in E. coli under a variety of medium conditions and chemical stressors. ABSTRACT Over the past 20 years, we have learned that bacterial small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) can rapidly effect changes in gene expression in response to stress. However, the broader role and impact of sRNA-mediated regulation in promoting bacterial survival has remained elusive. Indeed, there are few examples where disruption of sRNA-mediated gene regulation results in a discernible change in bacterial growth or survival. The lack of phenotypes attributable to loss of sRNA function suggests that either sRNAs are wholly dispensable or functional redundancies mask the impact of deleting a single sRNA. We investigated synthetic genetic interactions among sRNA genes in Escherichia coli by constructing pairwise deletions in 54 genes, including 52 sRNAs. Some 1,373 double deletion strains were studied for growth defects under 32 different nutrient stress conditions and revealed 1,131 genetic interactions. In one example, we identified a profound synthetic lethal interaction between ArcZ and CsrC when E. coli was grown on pyruvate, lactate, oxaloacetate, or d-/l-alanine, and we provide evidence that the expression of ppsA is dysregulated in the double deletion background, causing the conditionally lethal phenotype. This work employs a unique platform for studying sRNA-mediated gene regulation and sheds new light on the genetic network of sRNAs that underpins bacterial growth. IMPORTANCE sRNAs have long been purported to be a critical mechanism by which bacteria respond to stress; however, uncovering growth phenotypes for sRNA deletion strains in E. coli and related bacteria has proven particularly challenging. In contrast, the deletion of hfq, a chaperone required for the activity of many sRNAs in E. coli, results in striking growth defects in E. coli under a variety of medium conditions and chemical stressors. Here, we examined the importance of hfq and sRNA deletion strains for E. coli growth in nutrient-limited medium supplemented with 30 different carbon sources. We then systematically combined sRNA deletion mutations, creating a library of 1,373 sRNA double deletion strains, which we screened for growth under the same conditions, yielding 43,936 individual growth measurements. Our data uncovered more than 1,000 growth phenotypes for sRNA double deletion strains, shedding light on complicated networks of sRNA regulation that underpin bacterial survival under nutrient stress.
Discovery of the Heteromorph Ammonoid Amapondella amapondense in the Middle Campanian of Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract. The discovery of the heteromorph ammonoid Amapondella amapondense (van Hoepen) in the lower middle Campanian in the Urakawa, Biratori and Hidaka areas of Hokkaido, northern Japan, represents the first report of this taxon in the Northwest Pacific region. Because the species flourished in other regions during Santonian to early Campanian time, its final geographic occurrence in Hokkaido suggests that global environmental changes likely had a significant influence on ammonoid biogeography during early middle Campanian time.
Revision of Early Spathian (Late Olenekian, Early Triassic) Ammonoids from the Osawa Formation at Akaushi in the Motoyoshi Area, South Kitakami Belt, Northeast Japan

Abstract. A taxonomic revision of the ammonoid assemblage previously reported from the Osawa Formation at Akaushi in the Motoyoshi area, i.e., Columbites parisianus, Subcolumbites perrinismithi and Eophyllites cf. dieneri, leads to the conclusion that the fauna should be attributed to Hellenites tchernyschewiensis, H. inopinatus, Neocolumbites grammi, N. insignis, Procolumbites ussuriensis and P. subquadratus. In addition, this fauna also includes Deweveria kovalenkoi. Because these ammonoids are characteristic of the N. insignis Zone of South Primorye, Russian Far East, the lowest part of the Osawa Formation clearly correlates with the upper part of the lower Spathian (upper Olenekian, Lower Triassic), and the faunal similarity suggests that the South Kitakami Belt may have been located near South Primorye on the western side of the Panthalassa.
Natural convection in vertical enclosures with conjugate boundary conditions

Abstract A numerical investigation and reduced-order modelling of natural convection in a cavity with differentially heated sidewalls is discussed. The effect of conjugate boundary conditions on the cavity's heat transfer and natural flow circulation with varying aspect ratios and Rayleigh numbers is examined. Validation of the canonical differentially heated cavity reveals that a modification to the definition of the Rayleigh number (Ra) is required to reconcile the $Nu\sim Ra^{1/4}$ scaling (where Nu is the Nusselt number) and validity of previously proposed correlations for the heat transfer in vertical enclosures. Dynamic mode decomposition is used to uncover the underlying time-dependent flow structures and the results are compared with stability bifurcation studies in the literature. A flow mode previously associated with smaller aspect ratio cavities is identified as the unstable mode for a larger aspect ratio of 4. The effect of conjugate boundary conditions is scaled based on the ratio of the internal and external boundary layers, wherein higher external Reynolds numbers aid in the heat transfer as the Nusselt number approaches the isothermal limit. A reduced-order theoretical model is proposed to predict the Nusselt number for the conjugate boundary conditions. The performance of conjugate boundary conditions is connected to the flow stability, with the parallel-flow configuration acting in a destabilizing manner while the counterflow configuration has a stabilizing effect and results in the highest heat transfer. We also found that relatively large heat transfer can be achieved with substantially lower external actuation with intermediate aspect ratios, translating to less power in practice.
Co-Evolution of Organizations in Infrastructure Planning: The Role of Communities of Practice as Windows for Collective Learning Across Project-Oriented Organizations

Challenges in infrastructure planning require public infrastructure administrators, responsible for providing adequate infrastructure facilities, to be adaptive. These organizations evolve and interact with other organizations in a complex organizational landscape. This paper explores the contribution of inter-organizational communities of practice (CoPs) to collective learning and co-evolution of organizations in infrastructure planning. We conducted a case study of five inter-organizational CoPs in the domain of a typical public infrastructure administrator. The results suggest that inter-organizational CoPs enable, for example, policy and practice to co-evolve. Inter-organizational CoPs seem to provide a neutral ground where long-term sector benefits can overcome short-term organizational interests.
Ultraviolet Extinction at High Galactic Latitudes II: The Ultraviolet Extinction Function

We present a dust-column--dependent extinction curve parameters for ultraviolet wavelengths at high Galactic latitudes. This extinction function diverges from previous work in that it takes into account the results of Peek & Schiminovich 2013 (Paper I), which demonstrated that there is more reddening in the GALEX bands than would be otherwise expected for E(B-V) < 0.2. We also test the biases in the Planck and SFD extinction maps, and find that the SFD extinction maps are significantly biased at E(B-V) < 0.2. We find that while an extinction function that that takes into account a varying R_FUV with E(B-V) dramatically improves our estimation of FUV-NUV colors, a fit that also includes HI column density dependence is superior. The ultraviolet extinction function we present here follows the model of Fitzpatrick 1999, varying only the amplitude of the FUV rise parameter to be consistent with the data.
Surface Reconstruction from Point Clouds without Normals by Parametrizing the Gauss Formula

We propose Parametric Gauss Reconstruction (PGR) for surface reconstruction from point clouds without normals. Our insight builds on the Gauss formula in potential theory, which represents the indicator function of a region as an integral over its boundary. By viewing surface normals and surface element areas as unknown parameters, the Gauss formula interprets the indicator as a member of some parametric function space. We can solve for the unknown parameters using the Gauss formula and simultaneously obtain the indicator function. Our method bypasses the need for accurate input normals as required by most existing non-data-driven methods, while also exhibiting superiority over data-driven methods, since no training is needed. Moreover, by modifying the Gauss formula and employing regularization, PGR also adapts to difficult cases such as noisy inputs, thin structures, sparse or nonuniform points, for which accurate normal estimation becomes quite difficult. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/jsnln/ParametricGaussRecon.