Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aeration mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae even without mitochondrial respiration

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a facultative anaerobic organism that grows well under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions in media containing abundant fermentable nutrients such as glucose. In order to deeply understand the physiological dependence of S. cerevisiae on aeration, we checked endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress status by monitoring the splicing of HAC1 mRNA, which is promoted by the ER stress-sensor protein, Ire1. HAC1-mRNA splicing that was caused by conventional ER-stressing agents, including low concentrations of dithiothreitol (DTT), was more potent in hypoxic cultures than in aerated cultures. Moreover, growth retardation was observed by adding low-dose DTT into hypoxic cultures of ire1Δ cells. Unexpectedly, aeration mitigated ER stress and DTT-induced impairment of ER oxidative protein folding even when mitochondrial respiration was halted by the ρo mutation. An ER-located protein Ero1 is known to directly consume molecular oxygen to initiate the ER protein oxidation cascade, which promotes oxidative protein folding of ER client proteins. Our further study using ero1-mutant strains suggested that, in addition to mitochondrial respiration, this Ero1-medaited reaction contributes to mitigation of ER stress by molecular oxygen. Taken together, here we demonstrate a scenario in which aeration acts beneficially on S. cerevisiae cells even under fermentative conditions.
Mechanistic Understanding of Alkyne Haloboration: An Ab Initio Study

Ab initio calculations have been performed with second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) to understand the mechanisms of alkyne haloboration. The present study throws light on three important aspects of this reaction: (1) reaction routes, (2) stereoconversion pathways, and (3) physicochemical uniqueness. The cis-Markovnikov reaction route is controlled by a characteristic four-centered transition state, reflecting the roles of alkynes and boron halides, and also the stability of the product. For the stereoconversion pathways, a boron-halide-mediated addition–elimination process appears to be most favorable. Nevertheless, the high activation barrier suggests that prolonged heating with excess boron halide (commonly used in synthesis) would favor cis/trans isomerization. Finally, comparison with other halometalations showed clear thermodynamic and kinetic advantages of haloboration as a unique, catalyst-free protocol among many elemento-metalation reactions.
Association between Sleep Duration, Physical Activity, and Mental Health Disorders: A Secondary Analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health 2017-2018

Background The purpose of this article was to examine the association of sleep duration and physical activity and their interactions on mental health disorders in American children aged 6-17 years. Methods Data were analyzed from the combined 2017-2018 National Survey of Children's health. Ultimately, a total of 36370 children aged 6-17 years were selected as the samples. Weighted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results Insufficient sleep duration was associated with an increased risk for current anxiety, depression, and behavior/conduct problems (odds ratio = 1.449, 1.991, 1.375; 95% confidence interval: 1.313-1.702, 1.648-2.406, 1.162-1.627). Insufficient physical activity was associated with an increased risk for current anxiety (odds ratio = 1.448; 95% confidence interval: 1.230-1.706) and depression (odds ratio = 1.743; 95% confidence interval: 1.304-2.329). In addition, additive interactions between sleep duration and physical activity were observed on current anxiety and depression. Conclusions Insufficient sleep duration and insufficient physical activity in children were associated with mental health disorders. There is a synergistic interaction effect between insufficient sleep duration and insufficient physical activity on current anxiety and current depression.
Increasing temperature alters the within-host competition of viral strains and influences virus genetic variability

Abstract Environmental conditions can affect viral accumulation, virulence and adaptation, which have implications in the disease outcomes and efficiency of control measures. Concurrently, mixed viral infections are relevant in plants, being their epidemiology shaped by within-host virus–virus interactions. However, the extent in which the combined effect of variations in abiotic components of the plant ecological niche and the prevalence of mixed infections affect the evolutionary dynamics of viral populations is not well understood. Here, we explore the interplay between ecological and evolutionary factors during viral infections and show that isolates of two strains of Pepino mosaic potexvirus coexisted in tomato plants in a temperature-dependent continuum between neutral and antagonistic interactions. After a long-term infection, the mutational analysis of the evolved viral genomes revealed strain-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were modulated by the interaction between the type of infection and temperature. These results suggest that the temperature is an ecological driver of virus-virus interactions, with an effect on the genetic diversity of individual viruses that are co-infecting an individual host. This research provides insights into the effect that changes in host growth temperatures might have on the evolutionary dynamics of viral populations in mixed infections.
Kinetics of the Chemical Oxidation of the Pharmaceuticals Primidone, Ketoprofen, and Diatrizoate in Ultrapure and Natural Waters

Oxidation of three pharmaceuticals (primidone, ketoprofen, and diatrizoate sodium) by means of several advanced oxidation processes including such as ozonation, UV radiation, and Fenton’s reagent has been studied. The influence of operating variables was established, and first-order rate constants were determined in most of the oxidation systems. Specifically, for the reactions with ozone, the following rate constants were obtained by means of a competition kinetic model: 1.0 ± 0.1, 0.40 ± 0.07, and 0.05 ± 0.01 M−1·s−1, for primidone, ketoprofen, and diatrizoate, respectively. The results showed that reaction with OH radicals was the major pathway for the oxidative transformation of these compounds. In the photodegradation experiments by 254 nm radiation, the quantum yields were also determined for every compound at different pH and temperatures. Additionally, the competition kinetic model, which was also used in Fenton’s reagent experiments, allowed to evaluate the rate constants for the reaction with hy.
Transcranial Dopplers Revisited: Development of Novel Markers for Cerebral Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background Cerebral vasospasm has been monitored by conventional angiography or transcranial Doppler (TCD). While angiography is the most accurate and reliable method for detection, TCDs are a noninvasive alternative to monitor onset and resolution of vasospasm. We aim to determine whether alternative TCD parameters rather than Lindegaard ratio lead to an improved method to diagnose and potentially prevent cerebral vasospasm. Methods A total of 103 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were retrospectively reviewed and TCD studies were performed during the first 14 days post-bleed or longer if indicated. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed using significant univariate characteristics. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated the mean middle cerebral artery (MCA), peak systolic MCA (PSV MCA), and end diastolic MCA (EDV MCA) velocities as well as ratios when compared to the ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA). The area under the curve was calculated to compare accuracy for symptomatic vasospasm. Results Thirteen patients (12.6%) were observed to develop cerebral vasospasm. Aneurysm location (p = 0.51), Hunt and Hess grade (p = 0.44), Fischer grade (p = 0.87), comorbidities, age (p = 0.67), or gender (p = 0.41) did not appear to have any effect in predicting the presence of vasospasm. ROC curves demonstrated that MCA EDV appeared to be slightly better compared to MCA velocity in predicting symptomatic vasospasm. PSV MCA/extracranial ICA and the EDV MCA/extracranial ICA ratios appeared to be an improvement to the Lindegaard ratio in the prediction of symptomatic vasospasm. Conclusion The utility of peak systolic and end diastolic velocities, instead of the classically referenced mean velocities and Lindegaard ratio, may improve diagnostic sensitivity of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Influence of spray additives on droplet evaporation and residual patterns on wax and wax-free surfaces

Evaporation time and wetted area of single droplets sizing from 246 to 886 µm at relative humidity (RH) ranging from 30 to 90% were measured with sequential images under controlled laboratory conditions. Droplets were placed inside an environmental-controlled chamber under a stereoscope and a high definition digital camera. The spray mixtures used to form droplets included different combinations of water, a polymer drift retardant, a surfactant, and two insecticides. The droplet evaporation was investigated on the surfaces of crabapple leaf surfaces, hydrophilic and hydrophobic glass slides, respectively. Adding surfactant into spray mixtures greatly increased droplet wetted area while droplet evaporation time was greatly reduced. For a 343 µm droplet on the crabapple leaf at 60% RH, the evaporation time decreased from 70 to 50 s and the wetted area increased from 0.366 to 0.890 mm2 after the surfactant was added into the spray mixture containing water and insecticide. Adding the drift retardant into the spray mixture slightly increased the droplet evaporation time and decreased the droplet coverage area. Also, changing the target surface from the hydrophilic slide to the hydrophobic slide greatly increased the droplet coverage area and reduced the droplet evaporation time. Increasing RH could increase the droplet evaporation time greatly but did not change the coverage area. The droplet evaporation time and coverage area increased exponentially as the droplet size increased.
Experimental Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior: The Role of Brain Oxidative Stress, Serum Corticosterone, and Hippocampal Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons

Mechanisms of the brain-related comorbidities in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) are still largely unknown, although CP/CPPS is one of the major urological problems in middle-aged men, while these neuropsychological incapacities considerably diminish life quality. The objectives of this study were to assess behavioral patterns in rats with CP/CPPS and to determine whether these patterns depend on alterations in the brain oxidative stress, corticosterone, and hippocampal parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons. Adult male Wistar albino rats from CP/CPPS (intraprostatic injection of 3% λ-carrageenan, day 0) and sham (0.9% NaCl) groups were subjected to pain and anxiety-like behavior tests (days 2, 3, and 7). Afterwards, rats were sacrificed and biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Scrotal allodynia and prostatitis were proven in CP/CPPS, but not in sham rats. Ethological tests (open field, elevated plus maze, and light/dark tests) revealed significantly increased anxiety-like behavior in rats with CP/CPPS comparing to their sham-operated mates starting from day 3, and there were significant intercorrelations among parameters of these tests. Increased oxidative stress in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex, as well as increased serum corticosterone levels and decreased number of hippocampal PV+ neurons, was shown in CP/CPPS rats, compared to sham rats. Increased anxiety-like behavior in CP/CPPS rats was significantly correlated with these brain biochemical and hippocampal immunohistochemical alterations. Therefore, the potential mechanisms of observed behavioral alterations in CP/CPPS rats could be the result of an interplay between increased brain oxidative stress, elevated serum corticosterone level, and loss of hippocampal PV+ interneurons.
Exploiting common senses: sensory ecology meets wildlife conservation and management

Abstract Multidisciplinary approaches to conservation and wildlife management are often effective in addressing complex, multi-factor problems. Emerging fields such as conservation physiology and conservation behaviour can provide innovative solutions and management strategies for target species and systems. Sensory ecology combines the study of ‘how animals acquire’ and process sensory stimuli from their environments, and the ecological and evolutionary significance of ‘how animals respond’ to this information. We review the benefits that sensory ecology can bring to wildlife conservation and management by discussing case studies across major taxa and sensory modalities. Conservation practices informed by a sensory ecology approach include the amelioration of sensory traps, control of invasive species, reduction of human–wildlife conflicts and relocation and establishment of new populations of endangered species. We illustrate that sensory ecology can facilitate the understanding of mechanistic ecological and physiological explanations underlying particular conservation issues and also can help develop innovative solutions to ameliorate conservation problems.
Is there any association between contrast-induced nephropathy and serum uric acid levels?

Introduction: During the recent years, several studies have investigated that hyperuricemia is associated with greater incidence of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). Most of them are in acute conditions like primary percutaneous coronary interventions. This study aimed to assess the relationship between high serum uric acid and incidence of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective angiography and angioplasty. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 211 patients who were admitted to hospital for elective coronary angiography or angioplasty. The researchers measured serum creatinine and uric acid on admission and repeated creatinine measurement in 48 hours and seven days after the procedure. According to serum uric acid, the patients were divided into two groups; group 1 with normal uric acid and group 2 with hyperuricemia which was defined as uric acid more than 6 mg/dL in women and 7 mg/dL in men. CIN is defined as an increased creatinine level of more than 0.5 mg/dL or 25% from the baseline in 48 hours after the intervention. Results: In total, 211 patients with mean age of 60.58 years were enrolled in the study. Of these, 87 (41.2%) patients were in the high uric acid group and 124 (58.8%) were in the normal uric acid group. CIN was occurred in 16 patients (7.5%). Seven out of 16 (8.04%) were in the high uric acid and nine (7.2%) were in the normal uric acid group. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P =0.831). Conclusion: The frequency of CIN development was not different in the patients with hyperuricemia.
Ocular motility changes after inferomedial wall and balanced medial plus lateral wall orbital decompression in Graves’ orbitopathy: a randomized prospective comparative study

OBJECTIVES: To compare the surgical outcomes of inferomedial wall orbital decompression (IM-OD) and balanced medial plus lateral wall orbital decompression (ML-OD) in patients with inactive Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) with regard to exophthalmos reduction and ocular motility abnormalities. METHODS: Forty-two patients with inactive GO eligible for OD were randomly assigned to either the IM-OD or ML-OD groups. Pre and postoperative evaluations included Hertel exophthalmometry, sensory, and motor extraocular motility assessment, standardized photographs in the nine gaze positions, and computed tomography (CT) of the orbits. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03278964. RESULTS: Exophthalmometry reduction was statistically significant in both groups (p<0.001), but was greater in the ML-OD group (p=0.010). New-onset esotropia occurred in 11.1% and 23.5% of patients who underwent IM-OD and ML-OD, respectively, with no statistically significant difference in the frequency of pre and postoperative strabismus in either group. The mean increase in preoperative esotropia was 24±6.9 and 12±8.8 prism diopters in patients who underwent IM-OD and ML-OD, respectively. In the IM-OD group, abduction and elevation worsened at the first (p<0.05) and third (p<0.05) postoperative visits but were restored at 6 months. The versions did not change postoperatively with ML-OD. The preoperative CT-measured medial rectus muscle area predicted new-onset strabismus (p=0.023). Significant postoperative medial rectus muscle enlargement occurred in both groups (p<0.001). Restriction in elevation and abduction was significantly associated with enlarged inferior (p=0.007) and medial rectus muscle areas (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: IM-OD is as safe as ML-OD with regard to new-onset strabismus, and represents a good alternative for patients who do not require significant exophthalmos reduction. ML-OD offers greater exophthalmos reduction and smoother postoperative recovery. Patients with preoperative enlarged medial rectus muscle on CT are at risk for new-onset esotropia, and preoperative esotropia is likely to increase after OD.
Conscious perception and perceptual echoes: a binocular rivalry study

Abstract Alpha rhythms (∼10Hz) in the human brain are classically associated with idling activities, being predominantly observed during quiet restfulness with closed eyes. However, recent studies demonstrated that alpha (∼10Hz) rhythms can directly relate to visual stimulation, resulting in oscillations, which can last for as long as one second. This alpha reverberation, dubbed perceptual echoes (PE), suggests that the visual system actively samples and processes visual information within the alpha-band frequency. Although PE have been linked to various visual functions, their underlying mechanisms and functional role are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between conscious perception and the generation and the amplitude of PE. Specifically, we displayed two coloured Gabor patches with different orientations on opposite sides of the screen, and using a set of dichoptic mirrors, we induced a binocular rivalry between the two stimuli. We asked participants to continuously report which one of two Gabor patches they consciously perceived, while recording their EEG signals. Importantly, the luminance of each patch fluctuated randomly over time, generating random sequences from which we estimated two impulse-response functions (IRFs) reflecting the PE generated by the perceived (dominant) and non-perceived (suppressed) stimulus, respectively. We found that the alpha power of the PE generated by the consciously perceived stimulus was comparable with that of the PE generated during monocular vision (control condition) and higher than the PE induced by the suppressed stimulus. Moreover, confirming previous findings, we found that all PEs propagated as a travelling wave from posterior to frontal brain regions, irrespective of conscious perception. All in all our results demonstrate a correlation between conscious perception and PE, suggesting that the synchronization of neural activity plays an important role in visual sampling and conscious perception.
Effectiveness of Self-care Measures on Knowledge, Self-efficacy and Performance Status among Cancer Patients

Introduction: There is a growing concern regarding self-care and chemotherapy side effects. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of self-care measures on knowledge, self-efficacy, and performance status among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Dr. Kamatchi Memorial Hospital, India. Using purposive sampling technique, 200 cancer patients were selected. Patients were interviewed using semi-structured knowledge questionnaires, Modified Stanford Patient Education Research Center Self-efficacy scale, deliberate self-efficacy with rating scale under four subheadings, and ECOG Performance Status Scale with 5–point grading scale i.e., dead to fully active. Results: There was adequate knowledge (95%) on self-care measures after the intervention. The mean score was significant, i.e., 21.33 (2.25), which had difference between post-knowledge score in experimental and control was statistically significant at P < 0.001 level. The majority of patients reported a high self-efficacy level (t = 198.60, P < 0.001). In addition, despite self-efficacy and knowledge the performance status observed at each cycle, i.e., 4 cycles had mean score of t = 32.13, P < 0.001, showed high level of performance status. Conclusion: The study revealed that the self-care measures during each cycle had improved the selfefficacy and performance status to high level, which in turn reduced the side effects of chemotherapy to the certain level.
Effect of Correction of Hyperthyroidism with Anti-thyroid Drugs on the Glycated Hemoglobin in Non-diabetic Patients with Primary Hyperthyroidism

Background Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are dependent not only on the average blood glucose levels over the preceding 2 - 3 months but also on the turnover of erythrocytes. Hyperthyroidism is known to be associated with an increase in erythrocyte turnover that may falsely lower the HbA1c in relation to the level of glycemia. Objectives To assess the impact of medical correction of hyperthyroidism on HbA1c, independent of changes in the fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour post-oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose. Methods Adult patients with overt hyperthyroidism (n = 36) were tested for their hemoglobin, reticulocyte percentage, HbA1c and fasting and post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-hour plasma glucose, both at baseline and following at least three months of near normalization of serum thyroxin on Carbimazole treatment. Results Correction of hyperthyroidism in 36 patients was associated with an increase in the hemoglobin (P = 0.004) and a rise in HbA1c (P = 0.025), even though no significant change was observed in both the fasting (P = 0.28) and post OGTT two-hour plasma glucose (P = 0.54). Also, the proportion of patients with HbA1c ≥ 5.7% rose from 3/36 to 10/36; P = 0.016, while the proportion of patients with either abnormal fasting or abnormal post OGTT 2-hour plasma glucose or both did not show any significant change (P = 0.5). The sensitivity of HbA1c to diagnose prediabetes increased from 20% to 50% post- treatment. Conclusions Glycated hemoglobin is falsely low in relation to glycemia in patients with untreated hyperthyroidism.