Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Home-based hand hygiene practices of mothers in relation to infections in their infants

Background: Infections are the leading causes of death in children. Most of these infections are transmitted through the hands of mothers, carers and health workers. Objective: To determine the pattern of home-based hand hygiene practices among mothers of young infants attending a tertiary facility clinic in relation to infections in their infants. Methods: A cross-sectional study of mothers of infants attending an immunization clinic was conducted using a self-designed, pretested questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the 203 mothers was 30.3 ±3.8 years. The majority of the mothers received counselling about hand washing as part of antenatal care (79.8%), had access to water at home (94.0%) and always washed hands with water and soap (48.3%). Although 149 (73.4%) knew hand sanitizers, only 28 (13.8%) used it. Close to half of their infants (46.3%) had various infections (diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections, and boils) within a month of the interview. Only counselling was associated with good quality hand washing practices (p<0.0001) while the age of child less than 6 months and good quality of hand washing were associated with the absence of infections in the infants (p = 0.029 and p<0.0001 respectively). Conclusion: Half of the cohort of mothers practiced good quality hand washing but with poor use of hand sanitizers. With various infections recorded in close to half of their infants, it is important to emphasise better hand washing techniques and improve access to alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
How Imagination and Memory Shape the Moral Mind

Interdisciplinary research has proposed a multifaceted view of human cognition and morality, establishing that inputs from multiple cognitive and affective processes guide moral decisions. However, extant work on moral cognition has largely overlooked the contributions of episodic representation. The ability to remember or imagine a specific moment in time plays a broadly influential role in cognition and behavior. Yet, existing research has only begun exploring the influence of episodic representation on moral cognition. Here, we evaluate the theoretical connections between episodic representation and moral cognition, review emerging empirical work revealing how episodic representation affects moral decision-making, and conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature and open questions. We argue that a comprehensive model of moral cognition will require including the episodic memory system, further delineating its direct influence on moral thought, and better understanding its interactions with other mental processes to fundamentally shape our sense of right and wrong.
The Relationship between Learning Styles, GPA, School Level and Gender

In education it is important to celebrate all aspects of diversity, including different ways students learn. Addressing these diversities in the classroom is paramount for the success of every student. This research on learning styles may help in explaining the possible reasons for differences in students' achievement. The aim of this study was to investigate the learning style preferences based on gender, school level and students’ GPA. A questionnaire was completed by 269 middle and high school students to determine if their learning style preferences are auditory, visual or tactile. The results showed that students’ most preferred learning style is auditory on all three factors: gender, school level and their GPA, while there are certain differences when it comes to the second and third preferred learning style. Identification of the preferred learning styles may help instructors to differentiate the teaching process and may have positive impacts on obtaining and improving learning outcomes.
Diseases Registered Among Integrated Textile Factory Workers in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Textile and garment factories are growing in low and middle-income countries; integrated textile and garment production factories are developing, where workers are exposed to dust and dangerous, noisy machines in the work environment. Hence, workers' health might be affected negatively due to exposure to different occupational hazards. However, the health condition of workers in this sector is not adequately investigated. The aim of this study is to describe the registered diagnoses of health problems and their association to work-related and personal factors among workers in integrated textile factories in Ethiopia. Methods: A one year recording of worker’s clinical diagnoses (between March 2016 and February 2017) was gathered from the respective factory clinics in three integrated textile factories. Sociodemographic characteristics and work-related information is obtained from the factory’s human resource departments. The association between the registered diagnoses and work-related factors (work in textile production, garment production and support department) and personal factors (age, gender and educational status) were studied using logistic regression analyses.Results: The socio-demographic and clinical diagnosis statuses of 7992 workers are analyzed. The average of workers' age and years of service is 40 years and 11 years, respectively. Majority 4778(60%) of workers are females; a total of 5276 (66%) of workers had 27320 clinical diagnoses; in total this causes 16993 working days lost due to sick leave. Respiratory diseases (34%) and musculoskeletal disorders (29%) were the most prevalent diagnoses, while injuries cause most of the days of work absence. Work department, gender and educational status are the variables that are significantly associated with several disease groups.Conclusions: About two-thirds of the integrated textile factory workers were diagnosed with different types of diseases. The textile and garment production department workers were more affected than the support department workers, indicating that some of the diseases are related to work in these departments. Further study should investigate the occurrence of rare chronic diseases such as cancer, heart diseases, renal diseases and diabetics in relation with workers exposure profile.
Dual Mediation : Penyelesaian Perkara Lingkungan Hidup yang Melibatkan Korporasi Sebagai Pelaku Melalui Pendekatan Restorative Justice

The use of the environment today is very important in order to provide benefits to the community. Utilization must also be balanced with good management and avoid damage. Anomaly in the use of the environment that causes widespread damage occurs where there is a role of the corporation as the main actor. The presence of the PPLH Law has not been able to be a solution amid the chaotic environment utilization that is in line with the damage because the existing legal instruments are not able to overcome the problem. This paper has a purpose to analyze the weakness in the resolution of criminal acts of the environment and the extent to which restorative justice is able to overcome the conflict due to environmental criminal act between the corporation and the community. This research method uses normative legal research methods with a conceptual approach. This study obtained the first result, the legal instrument in the PPLH Law has not shown success where there is still widespread environmental destruction today. Second, through the restorative justice approach it is expected to be able to reduce the number of environmental criminal acts by corporations using the dual mediation pattern, namely the merging of the concepts of civil case mediation and penal mediation so as to create a balance pattern that is in line with the direction of the renewal of national criminal law. Pemanfaatan lingkungan hidup dewasa ini amat penting dilakukan guna memberikan manfaat terhadap masyarakat. Pemanfaatan harus pula diimbangi dengan pengelolaan yang baik dan menghindari kerusakan. Anomali pemanfaatan lingkungan hidup yang menyebabkan kerusakan marak terjadi, di mana terdapat peran korporasi sebagai aktor utama. Kehadiran UU PPLH masih belum mampu menjadi solusi di tengah carut marutnya pemanfaatan lingkungan yang sejalan dengan kerusakan karena instrumen hukum yang ada tidak mampu mengatasi masalah tersebut. Tulisan ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisa kelemahan dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana lingkungan hidup dan sejauh mana restorative justice mampu mengatasi konflik akibat tindak pidana lingkungan hidup antara korporasi dan masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil pertama, instrumen hukum di UU PPLH belum menunjukkan keberhasilan di mana masih maraknya kejadian pengrusakan lingkungan hidup hingga saat ini. Kedua, melalui pendekatan restorative justice diharapkan dapat menekan angka tindak pidana lingkungan hidup oleh korporasi menggunakan pola dual mediasi yaitu penggabungan konsep mediasi perkara perdata dan mediasi penal sehingga dapat menciptakan pola keseimbangan yang selaras dengan arah pembaruan hukum pidana Nasional.
Congruency sequence effect is modulated by the similarity of conflicts

Congruence effect can be modulated by adjacent conflict conditions, producing congruency sequence effect (CSE). However, there are boundary conditions preventing the transfer of cross-conflict CSE. Intensive discussions have been made on whether CSE reflects top-down control or bottom-up associative learning, but neither could perfectly interpret the various boundary conditions. Their imperfection recently inspired an integrative associative learning account of cognitive control, which predicted that conflict similarity affects the magnitude of the cross-conflict CSE. We examined this hypothesis by introducing a compound condition containing both spatial Stroop and Simon components in Experiment 1. The conflict similarity was defined by the amount of component overlap, as manipulated by the polar angle of the target arrow in Experiments 2a and 2b and by the Euclidean distance of the target arrow in Experiments 3a and 3b, respectively. Mixed-effect modeling analyses indicated that in all experiments, the cross-conflict CSEs were positively correlated to the similarity of the two conflict conditions. Specifically, the compound condition with the same amount of Stroop and Simon components generated comparable CSE with both Stroop and Simon conditions (Experiment 1). When the compound condition was more similar to the Stroop than the Simon condition, a trend of larger CSE was observed between the compound conflict and the Stroop condition than between the compound conflict and the Simon condition, and vice versa (Experiments 2 and 3). Our study revealed that the continuum of the cross-conflict CSE was modulated by conflict similarity, hence supporting the associative learning account of cognitive control.
Drenaje biliar guiado por ultrasonografía endoscópica en la obstrucción biliar maligna, experiencia inicial en un centro de Argentina. Serie de casos

When endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fails or is not feasible for drainage of the bile duct, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is a viable option. This technique of drainage has a lower complication rate and a better quality of life concerning percutaneous or surgical drainage. The aim of this work is to show our initial experience in this technique, in patients with malignant bile duct stenosis, in a referral centre. We performed a descriptive study of case series. Five patients with obstructive jaundice of neoplastic origin, in whom ERCP drainage was not feasible, were included EUS-BD was performed. Technical success of 100% was achieved in all cases and clinical success in four cases (80%). Post-procedural bleeding occurred in one patient, and two late complications: infection and prosthetic migration, all of which were resolved with conservative treatment. No serious adverse events were recorded. EUS-BD is a feasible and effective treatment option in selected cases particularly in cases of malignant biliary obstruction, with high technical and clinical success rates. Complications are usually mild and resolve conservatively.
Photoluminescent Green Emission Band Induced by the Systematic Change of -CH3, -OCH3 and Naphthyl Groups in Chiral Imines

Herein, we report the morphological, optical, and structural modifications induced by the change of different functional groups in the para-position of the benzene ring in a series of chiral imines. These organic compounds were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical absorption, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. SEM images showed drastic morphological changes, and the absorbance results showed significant changes in the bands located in the ∼200–400 nm range, associated with π → π*, δ → δ*, and n → π* transitions. An optical behavior similar to that of semiconductors (in the UV region), with two transitions in the ∼3.3–4.3 eV range was observed for the compounds. The results obtained by PL spectra exhibited changes in intensity, with gradually shifting increases in the green band emission. However, it is more intense with the crystals of the imine bearing the -OCH3 functional group, considering that the aforementioned green band is associated with the different m.
Preparation and mesomorphic properties of 1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-based compounds

ABSTRACT A series of 1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-based compounds, 2-(4ʹ-alkoxy-1,1ʹ-biphenyl-4-yl)-1-methyl- 1H-1,3-benzimidazole derivatives (nPPMx-M) with terminal hydrogen, methyl and nitro moieties (coded as nPPMH-M, nPPMM-M and nPPMN-M, respectively), were prepared and their structures were characterised. The compounds display enantiotropic smectic mesophases for hydrogen and methyl terminated compounds (nPPMH-M and nPPMM-M), and enantiotropic nematic mesophases for nitro terminated compounds (nPPMN-M) with short alkoxy chain below than 10 carbon atoms, where the mesophase ranges are 24–72°C and 74–104°C on heating and cooling processes for nPPMH-M, 90–119°C and 110–135°C for nPPMM-M, and 102–129°C and 113–207°C for nPPMN-M, respectively. It is noted that the compounds nPPMx-M exhibit much lower melting points and much wider mesophase range both in heating and cooling than non-1-methyl substituted analogs, which are ascribed to the disruption of hydrogen bonding among the molecules caused by methyl substitution at 1-position of benzimidazole. Meanwhile, among the compounds nPPMx-M, much wider mesophase ranges are obtained for nPPMM-M and nPPMN-M, indicating a much high mesophase stability for the compounds bearing terminal moiety (CH3 and NO2). Graphical Abstract
AT-GAN: A N A DVERSARIAL G ENERATIVE M ODEL FOR N ON - CONSTRAINED A DVERSARIAL E XAMPLES

With the rapid development of adversarial machine learning, numerous adversarial attack methods have been proposed. Typical attacks are based on a search in the neighborhood of input image to generate a perturbed adversarial example. Since 2017, generative models are adopted for adversarial attacks, and most of them focus on generating adversarial perturbations from input noise or input image. Thus the output is restricted by input for these works. A recent work targets “unrestricted adversarial example” using generative model but their method is based on a search in the neighborhood of input noise, so actually their output is still constrained by input. In this work, we propose AT-GAN (Adversarial Transfer on Generative Adversarial Net) to train an adversarial generative model that can directly produce adversarial examples. Different from previous works, we aim to learn the distribution of adversarial examples so as to generate semantically meaningful adversaries. AT-GAN achieves this goal by first learning a generative model for real data, followed by transfer learning to obtain the desired generative model. Once trained and transferred, AT-GAN could generate adversarial examples directly and quickly for any input noise, denoted as non-constrained adversarial examples. Extensive experiments and visualizations show that AT-GAN can efficiently generate diverse adversarial examples that are realistic to human perception, and yields higher attack success rates against adversarially trained models.
Automated Bird Detection and Repeller System Using IOT Devices: An Insight from Indian Agriculture Perspective

Agriculture plays a vital role in contributing to one-third of India's Gross Domestic Product and a significant part of the country is relying upon it for their survival. The annual income of farmers is largely dependent upon the yield of crops that they produce, which is continuously decreasing due to a number of factors and one such factor that we are focusing on is the damage caused by birds. By taking into consideration the statistical survey of farmers on the percentage damage of crops due to birds, we would like to propose the model and prototype of an automated bird detection and repeller system using IoT devices. This model consists of two main functionality one is the motion detection using PIR(Passive Infrared) based motion detectors and the other part that is repeller that will generate sounds of the predator which will drift the birds away from the field, using an MP3 module and megaphone. This model aims to maximize the yield output and shows how IoT devices can help achieve this.
Augmented Reality in the Formation of Minimal Incision Podiatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: This project shows that the use of augmented reality (AR) technology in the study of podiatric surgery has a positive impact on student outcomes. AR technology can help to enrich the information that provides elements such as X-rays or other diagnostic tools.METHODS : A didactic material with augmented reality was created through the use of markers for the course subjects of Surgical Techniques II, e.g., the topic of hallux valgus surgery, and was compared with the didactic material for 5th metatarsal surgery using PowerPoint and video. The comparison was assessed by a validated questionnaire after providing 2 hours of teaching for each of the subjects to 80 students in a master of surgery program during the 2013-2017 academic years.RESULTS: Analysis of the components of the questionnaire showed that component 1. training, attention and motivation; component 2. freelance work; and component 4. 3D compression were statistically significant at p < 0.05. However, component 3, which compared the technologies used with cadaveric material, was not statistically significant regarding any of its items.CONCLUSION: The current study shows that using augmented reality technology for the study of minimally invasive surgery of the foot increases the attention, the motivation and therefore the learning of the students, in addition to providing three-dimensional images of the surgical movements that are more accurate regarding reality.
Dye-stimulated control of conducting polypyrrole morphology

Azo dyes represent important structure-guiding agents which exhibit non-covalent interactions of various types (ionic and hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, hydrophobic interactions, etc.) allowing for their self-assembly in aqueous solutions and the subsequent formation of seeds or templates for the preparation of supramolecular structures of conducting polymers, especially polypyrrole (PPy). Three azo dyes (Acid Red 1, Orange G and Sunset Yellow FCF) bearing hydrophilic functional groups, with mutually different positions on a hydrophobic naphthylphenyldiazene skeleton, were used as structure-guiding agents in the synthesis of highly organized supramolecular structures of PPy in aqueous media. The synthesized polymers were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Measurement of the conductivity revealed a moderate value of conductivity (around units of S cm−1) and reduced stability indicated by relatively fast conductivity decay. Infrared spectroscopy indicated a lower doping level of all PPy prepared in the presence of tested dyes compared to that of standard globular PPy. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy, which is a surface-sensitive method, indicated a slightly higher protonation level compared to that of standard globular PPy or nanotubular PPy synthesized in the presence of the well-known structure-guiding agent methyl orange. This discrepancy in the obtained doping levels is discussed and some consequences between the doping level of PPy and its conductivity are also pointed out.
Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Lungworms in Dogs and Assessment of Antiparasitic Drugs use Patterns

Background Endoparasites of the canine gastrointestinal and respiratory tract represent a wide range of protozoans and helminths. They are causative agents of different serious diseases of animals and many of them also pose zoonotic risks to human health. The education of dog owners and their families with the principles of human and animal health protection may especially prevent the spread of zoonoses such giardiosis, toxocarosis, echinococcosis and Taenia crassiceps infection. Pulmonary nematods are not zoonotic but they can cause serious and potentially fatal disease in dogs.MethodsThree hundred ninety-one samples of canine faeces and 398 completed questionnaires were collected. The questionnaires comprised of description of individual dogs and detailed data about the way the dogs were kept and their deworming. Samples were examined by flotation, larvoscopy by Baermann and PCR method.ResultsWe confirmed infection of Giardia spp. , Isospora ohioensis, Neospora caninum/Hammondia heydorni, Ancylostoma spp. , Angiostrongylus vasorum, Capillaria spp. , Crenosoma vulpis, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris spp. and Taenia spp. Sequences were obtained for 3 of them confirming T. crassiceps. No deworming treatment was recorded for insignificant number of dogs. Dog owners most often used multicomponent endoparasitics.ConclusionsMost of the dogs were dewormed irregularly and antiparasitics were administered namely twice a year, so monthly intervals were not performed in the group of dogs at risk for e.g. possibility of predation. Consumption of antiparasitic drugs cannot ensure the protection of dogs, their owners and other people, unless not applied purposefully, with appropriate knowledge and on the basis of the veterinarian's advice.
A new and highest record of Tylototriton notialis (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae)

1 Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 2 Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Hon-machi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 3 Faculty of Environmental Sciences, National University of Laos, Dong Dok Campus, P.O. Box: 7322, Xaythany District, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR 4 Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba. Aoba-cho 955-2, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, Japan 5 Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan 6 Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VAST, Vietnam 7 Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Vietnam