Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of body habitus on surgical outcomes following bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction: BMI has been shown to predict perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. Most studies assessing the role of body habitus in thyroid surgery have focused on open surgery, with few studies assessing patients undergoing robotic surgery. The present study evaluated the effects of BMI on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) robotic thyroidectomy. Materials and methods: This study included patients who underwent BABA robotic thyroidectomy between January 2013 and September 2021 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Patients were categorized into six groups based on the WHO classification of overweight and obesity. Clinicopathological characteristics, postoperative complications, and surgical outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 1921 patients were included. Comparisons of the six BMI groups showed no statistically significant differences in postoperative stay, resection margin involvement, postoperative complications, and recurrence. Subgroup analysis showed that hypocalcemia rates differed among BMI groups in patients who underwent lobectomy, with underweight and class II obese patients being at the highest risk (P=0.006). However, the actual number of complications was relatively small and similar among the groups. In patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and isthmectomy, BMI was not correlated with postoperative complications, including hypocalcemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, postoperative bleeding, and chyle leakage. Conclusion: Body habitus was not significantly associated with operative time and postoperative complications in patients undergoing BABA robotic thyroidectomy, indicating that this approach is safe and feasible in obese patients.
Some properties of an isolated sunspot

We present an investigation of a single sunspot observed in the neutral Fe line at 1089.6 nm with the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter at the Vacuum Tower Telescope on Tenerife. Using the SIR code, we obtain maps of the magnetic field strength, inclination and azimuth, and Doppler velocities. The magnetic field strength drops from 2800 G in the umbra to about 700 G at the outer penumbral boundary, where we encounter an average magnetic inclination of 72 ◦ . Comparing the magnetic flux passing through different areas, we conclude that the inner penumbra must be deep, while the outer penumbra could be shallow. Assuming that the magnetic field strength encountered at the outer penumbral boundary forms a smooth surface through which the total flux of the spot passes, it would be approximately an ellipsoidal cap with a top height of 5250 km. This scenario leads to an average vertical magnetic gradient of 0.4 G km −1 . Evershed Doppler velocities are about 2 km s −1 . Two penumbral locations related to dark intensity features exhibit a steeper and slightly stronger magnetic field than elsewhere in the penumbra, and one of them is connected to an interruption of the Evershed effect.
Differential Ideals in Rings of Finitely Generated Type

Let 6 be a commutative Noetherian ring containing the rational numbers, T a family of derivations mapping 6 into itself, and f a T-differential 6ideal (i. e., DE C f for every D C T). Theorem 1 shows that the associated prime ideals of f are also T-differential and that f has an irredundant primary decomposition into T-differential primary ideals. Theorem 2 shows that in studying a differential (i. e., T-differential for maximal T) prime ideal p in a finitely generated extension =k [xr, , xn] of a base field k one can localize, i. e. , that p is differential in J if and only if p 6p is differential in the local ring 6p. Already here one needs more than the Noetherian condition and the study becomes essentially one for rings of finitely generated type, i. e. , quotient rings of finite extensions of a base field k (of characteristic 0). We describe the further results for the case that j = k[x] is a finite integral domain or, equivalently, is the ring of an irreducible affine variety V over k. Theorem 3 shows that the simple subvarieties of V yield nondifferential ideals . By a lemma of Zariski, if p 6p is not differential, then the completion 6p of 6p is of the form O [Em]], where u C p p and is analytically independent over E. We say that V is analytically a product at or along an irreducible subvariety 't if the completion of O. , where p =c ('t), is of the form just mentioned. Intuitively we think of V as somewhat like a cylinder built on the section u 0 of V. Then a component of the singular locus of V could not very well yield a non-differential ideal in 6; and the facts correspond to this intuition: Theorems 4 and 5 give the proof. Theorem 12, Corollary shows that V is analytically a product along a subvariety St if and only if the ideal of ' in the ring of V is not differential. While this is in some ways a satisfactory criterion (for a prime ideal to be differential), we are further concerned with the question whether the condition
Inequalities for unitarily invariant norms and bilinear matrix products

We give several criteria that are equivalent to the basic singular value majorization inequality (1.1) that is common to both the usual and Hadamard products. We then use these criteria to give a unified proof of the basic majorization inequality for both products. Finally, we introduce natural generalizations of the usual and Hadamard products and show that although these generalizations do not satisfy the majorization inequality, they do satisfy an important weaker inequality that plays a role in establishing their submultiplicativity with respect to every unitarily invariant norm.
An online exploratory survey of Australian athletes’ and exercisers’ use of and attitudes towards ultra-processed sports foods

Abstract Sports foods are convenient alternatives to everyday foods to fuel performance. Strong scientific evidence supports their use; however, commercial sports foods are classified by the NOVA system as ultra-processed foods (UPF). Consumption of UPF has been associated with poor mental and physical health, but little is known about athletes’ consumption of and attitudes towards sports foods as a source of UPF. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess Australian athletes’ intake of and attitudes towards sports foods and UPF. Adult athletes were recruited to complete an anonymous online survey via social media between October 2021 and February 2022. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s χ 2 test was used to assess potential relationships between categorical demographic variables and consumption of sports foods. One hundred forty Australian adults participating in recreational (n 55), local/regional (n 52), state (n 11), national (n 14) or international (n 9) sports completed the survey. Ninety-five percent reported consuming sports foods within the past 12 months. Participants consumed sports drinks most commonly (73 %) and isolated protein supplements most frequently (40 % at least once per week). Participants reported everyday foods to be more affordable, taste better, present less risk of banned substances, but less convenient and greater risk of spoilage. Half (51 %) of participants reported concern about health effects of UPF. Participants reported regular UPF consumption despite taste and cost-related preferences for everyday foods and health concerns regarding UPF intake. Athletes may need support to identify and access safe, affordable, convenient, minimally processed alternatives to sports foods.
p-adic Deformation of Shintani Cycles

The goal of this thesis is to generalize to elliptic curves a classical formula of Hecke. This is chiefly achieved through studying p-adic deformation of certain Shintani cycles attached to a real quadratic field K and an elliptic curve E/Q of conductor N . Assume that all the prime divisors of N are split in K. Also suppose that E has multiplicative reduction at a prime p, and denote by f E the newform attached to E via Shimura-Taniyama, and finally fix a quadratic unramified character G of Gal(K/K). We • construct a p-adic analytic function Lp(E/K,G;κ) which interpolates a G-twisted sum of Shintani Cycles associated to the weight-k-specializations of a Hida family hE arising from Hida’s theory applied to fE ; • give a factorization of Lp(E/K,G;κ) into the product of two MazurKitagawa p-adic L-functions. We will prove that Lp(E/K,G;κ) vanishes at the point κ = 2 to order at least two, provided further that E/Q has at least two primes of multiplicative reduction. Our main result expresses L′′ p(E/K,G; 2), up to a non-zero rational fudge factor, as the product of the formal group logarithms of two global points on E defined over the narrow Hilbert class-field of K; • show finally, in the spirit of Gross and Zagier, that the two points just alluded to are both of infinite order if and only if the complex L-function L(E/K,G; s) vanishes to order exactly two at the central point s = 1.
Mean Platelet Volume as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease Severity and its Association With Coronary Artery Calcification

Coronary calcium score (CCS) is a highly sensitive marker for estimating coronary artery calcification (CAC) and detecting coronary artery disease (CAD). Mean platelet volume (MPV (is a platelet indicator that represent platelet stimulation and production. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between MPV values and CAC. We examined 290 patients who underwent coronary computerized tomography (CT) exam between the years 2017 and 2020 in a tertiary care medical center. Only patients evaluated for chest pain were included. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) CAC calculator was used to categorize patients CCS by age, gender, and ethnicity to CAC severity percentiles (<50, 50-74, 75-89, ≥90). Thereafter, the association between CAC percentile and MPV on admission was evaluated. Out of 290 patients, 251 (87%) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There was a strong association between higher MPV and higher CAC percentile (P = .009). The 90th CAC percentile was associated with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and statin therapy (P = .002, .003, .001, and .001, respectively). In a multivariate analysis (including age, gender, DM, hypertension, statin therapy, and low-density lipoprotein level) MPV was found to be an independent predictor of CAC percentile (OR 1.55-2.65, P < .001). Higher MPV was found to be an independent predictor for CAC severity. These findings could further help clinicians detect patients at risk for CAD using a simple and routine blood test.
As Relações entre Área e Perímetro na Geometria Plana: o papel dos observáveis e das regulações na construção da explicação Relations between Area and Perimeter in Plane Geometry: the role of observables and regulations in the construction of explanation

The teaching of plane geometry in elementary school is often lacking in meaning. Teachers choose teaching practices based on algorithms, without concern for the thinking processes involved in the construction of geometric thinking. This study is based on Genetic Epistemology to investigate how adolescents and adults who attended school, and were successful in learning geometry, construct explanations about problems involving the calculation of the area and the perimeter of plane figures. The data show that the interviewees are capable of doing the calculation with the algorithm, but very few show elaborated explanations. The explanatory models are the most varied, ranging from thinking based solely on perception to logical-mathematical explanations of the concepts involved. Keywords: Teaching of Geometry. Explanatory Models. Jean Piaget. Genetic Epistemology.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Supersonic Combustor Coupled to Innovative Inward-Turning Inlets

Three-dimensional simulations are employed to examine the effect of inlet distortion and model fidelity with Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes or large eddy simulation approaches for a generic circular cross-sectional supersonic combustor at a flight condition of Mach 6 and an altitude of about 24.2 km. To examine inlet distortion effects on combustion, frozen and finite rate chemistry simulations are performed on combustors connected to two different types of streamline-traced inlets (denoted "Scoop" and "Jaws") with the Wilcox k-ω turbulence model. For comparison, uniform inflow boundary condition to the combustor is also simulated. The metrics employed include qualitative assessments related to flow structure as well as quantitative values offuel combustion efficiency and thrust ratios. The results indicate a complex overall effect of distortion due to inlet design. For Jaws, the increased pressure loss associated with distortion is mitigated slightly by improved combustion efficiency and better thrust performance. The Scoop inlet has lower distortion and better recovery, but the combustion coefficient is lower than Jaws. In the second part ofthis study, finite rate chemistry results with unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes are compared with those from large eddy simulation with an uniform inflow profile. Differences in transient processes include the manner in which large- and small-scale structures originate and evolve in the cavity recirculation and downstream regions. The finer details observed with the large eddy simulation model have significant consequences on the overall field, including the unsteady position of the shock structure arising from the interaction of the incoming flow with the cavity shear layer, combustion processes, and injection jet interactions.
Magnetic biosensors for identification of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, HIV, and Ebola viruses: a review

Infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza, HIV, Ebola, etc kill many people around the world every year (SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, Ebola in 2013, HIV in 1980, Influenza in 1918). For example, SARS-CoV-2 has plagued higher than 317 000 000 people around the world from December 2019 to January 13, 2022. Some infectious diseases do not yet have not a proper vaccine, drug, therapeutic, and/or detection method, which makes rapid identification and definitive treatments the main challenges. Different device techniques have been used to detect infectious diseases. However, in recent years, magnetic materials have emerged as active sensors/biosensors for detecting viral, bacterial, and plasmids agents. In this review, the recent applications of magnetic materials in biosensors for infectious viruses detection have been discussed. Also, this work addresses the future trends and perspectives of magnetic biosensors.
A morphine reward generalization mouse model based on conditioned place preference and aversion

Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a common behavioral paradigm for studying the association of unconditioned stimulus reward memory with context. Generalization is a flexible memory recall pattern developed on the basis of original memory. Drug‐seeking behaviors in substance use disorders (SUDs) exhibit diversity, which we generally attribute to the highly generalized features of SUD memory. However, to date, there are no animal models for SUD generalization studies.
Divergent contributions of coding and noncoding sequences to initial high‐altitude adaptation in passerine birds endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Early events in the evolution of an ancestral lineage can shape the adaptive patterns of descendant species, but the evolutionary mechanisms driving initial adaptation from an ancestor remain largely unexplored. High‐altitude adaptations have been extensively explored from the viewpoint of protein‐coding genes; however, the contribution of noncoding regions remains relatively neglected. Here, we integrate genomic and transcriptomic data to investigate adaptive evolution in the ancestor of three high‐altitude snowfinch species endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Our genome‐wide scan for adaptation in the snowfinch ancestor identifies strong adaptation signals in functions of development and metabolism for the coding genes, but in functions of the nervous system development for noncoding regions. This pattern is exclusive to the snowfinch ancestor compared to a control ancestral lineage subject to weak selection. Changes in noncoding regions in the snowfinch ancestor, especially those nearest to coding genes, may be disproportionately associated with the differential expression of genes in the brain tissue compared to other tissues. Extensive gene expression in the brain tissue can be further altered via genetic regulatory networks of transcription factors harbouring potential accelerated regulatory regions (e.g., the development‐related transcription factor YEATS4). Altogether, our study provides new evidence concerning how coding and noncoding sequences work through decoupled pathways in initial adaptation to the selective pressure of high‐altitude environments. The analysis highlights the idea that noncoding sequences may be promising elements in facilitating the rapid evolution and adaptation to high altitudes.
Outpatient Intravenous Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe COVID-19: An Observational Study from a Greek Hospital.

BACKGROUND Remdesivir, a viral RNA polymerase inhibitor, has been a powerful weapon in the battle against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Originally approved for use in hospitalized patients, remdesivir improves clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). After proving efficacious in hospitalized patients, its use was approved in early disease for symptomatic, non-hospitalized patients that present risk factors for progression to severe disease. METHODS We conducted an observational clinical trial involving 107 non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients who attended the emergency department of a third-level greek hospital seeking care for symptoms appearing within the previous 5 days and who had at least one risk factor for progression to severe disease. After arterial blood gas evaluation, eligible patients received intravenous remdesivir at a dose of 200 mg on day 1 and 100 mg on days 2 and 3. The efficacy endpoint was set as COVID-19-related hospitalization or death in the next 14 days. RESULTS A total of 107 patients (57.0% men) participated in the study, 51 (47.7%) of them fully vaccinated. Most prevalent were age ≥ 60 years old, cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease, immunosuppression or malignancy, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and chronic lung disease. All patients enrolled completed the 3-day course, with a total of 3 out of 107 patients (2.8%) eventually having a COVID-19-related hospitalization by day 14, while no deaths were reported by day 14. CONCLUSION Among non-hospitalized patients with at least one risk factor for progression to severe COVID-19, a 3-day course of intravenous remdesivir yielded favourable results.
Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Related Stigma: Portuguese Patients Experiences

Background Tuberculosis (TB)-related stigma has been well-documented. Since the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), different organizations have been alerted to the fact that stigma could arise again. Due to stigma’s negative effects, this qualitative study aimed to explore the stigma felt by patients by evaluating the following: COVID-19 stigma and its temporal progression through the pandemic; stigma perceived by different patients with TB before and during COVID-19 pandemic; and difference perceived by individuals who contracted both diseases. Methods A semi-structured interview was developed according to the available literature on the theme. It was performed individually in 2022 upon receiving signed informed consent. Participants were recruited with a purposive sampling approach by searching medical records. Those who currently or previously had pulmonary TB and/ or COVID-19 were included. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results Nine patients were interviewed, including six (66.7%) females. The median age of patients was 51±14.7 years. Four participants (44.4%) had completed high school and four (44.4%) were never smokers. Three had both TB and COVID-19. Four only had TB and two only had COVID-19. Interviews identified eight main themes: knowledge and beliefs, with several misconceptions identified; attitudes towards the disease, varying from social support to exclusion; knowledge and education, assumed as of extreme importance; internalized stigma, with self-rejection; experienced stigma, with discrimination episodes; anticipated stigma, modifying actions for avoiding stigma; perceived stigma, with judgment by others prevailed; and temporal evolution of stigma. Conclusion Individuals expressed strong stigma for both diseases. De-stigmatization of respiratory infectious diseases is crucial for limiting stigma’s negative impact.
Small molecule bio‐signature in childhood intra‐thoracic tuberculosis identified by metabolomics

The diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge, hence the evaluation of new tools for improved diagnostics is urgently required. We investigated the serum metabolic profile of children with culture‐confirmed intra‐thoracic TB (ITTB) (n = 23) and compared it with those of non‐TB controls (NTCs) (n = 13) using proton NMR spectroscopy‐based targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches. In targeted metabolic profiling, five metabolites (histidine, glycerophosphocholine, creatine/phosphocreatine, acetate, and choline) differentiated TB children from NTCs. Additionally, seven discriminatory metabolites (N‐α‐acetyl‐lysine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phenylalanine, lysine, lipids, glutamate + glutamine, and dimethylglycine) were identified in untargeted metabolic profiling. The pathway analysis revealed alterations in six metabolic pathways. The altered metabolites were associated with impaired protein synthesis, hindered anti‐inflammatory and cytoprotective mechanisms, abnormalities in energy generation processes and membrane metabolism, and deregulated fatty acid and lipid metabolisms in children with ITTB. The diagnostic significance of the classification models obtained from significantly distinguishing metabolites showed sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 78.2%, 84.6%, and 0.86, respectively, in the targeted profiling and 92.3%, 100%, and 0.99, respectively, in the untargeted profiling. Our findings highlight detectable metabolic changes in childhood ITTB; however, further validation is warranted in a large cohort of the pediatric population.