Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beliefs about English in Australia

[Extract] A number of 'beliefs ' about English could be discussed in this chapter. Rather than deciding in advance what they might be, Robin Peel, Jeanne Gerlach and I wanted first to canvass a wide range of opinions about English from students, teachers and other professionals involved in English Education. We used the data that emerged from these discussions, together with that drawn from readings of policy documents, government reports and theoretical and practical accounts of English in the countries in which we work, to identify and consider common beliefs about English. The beliefs discussed in this chapter thus represent the most commonly recurring theme in the Australian responses from a range of students involved in the study of English, and of English teaching, between 1994 and 1997, and in various government reports and policy statements released in Australia during the past two decades.
Forearm muscle oxygenation during sustained isometric contractions in rock climbers

Background. Bouldering and lead climbing are divergent disciplines of the sport of rock climbing. Bouldering moves are short and powerful, whilst sport climbing is longer and require a greater degree of endurance. Aim. The aim of this study was to compare forearm muscle oxygenation during sustained isometric contraction between lead climbers (LC) and boulderers (BO). Methods. Eight BO and twelve LC completed maximal finger flexor strength test and sustained contractions to exhaustion at 60% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Differences between BO and LC in maximal strength, time to exhaustion, force time integral (FTI), and tissue oxygenation (SmO2) were assessed by t-test for independent samples. Results. LC showed significantly lower level of average tissue oxygenation (BO 38.9% SmO2, s = 7.4; LC 28.7% SmO2, s = 7.1) and maximal tissue deoxygenation (BO 25.6% SmO2, s = 8.2; LC 13.5% SmO2, s = 8.5). LC demonstrated significantly lower finger flexor strength (519 N, s = 72) than BO (621 N, s = 142). LC sustained a longer time of contraction (not significantly) (BO 52.2 s, s = 11.5; LC 60.6 s, s = 13) and achieved a similar value of FTI (BO 17421 Ns, s = 4291; LO 17476 Ns, s = 5036) in the endurance test. Conclusions. The results showed lower deoxygenation during sustained contraction in BO than LC despite similar FTI, indicating different local metabolic pathways in both groups.
Applied nutritional investigation Nutritional status of adventure racers

Objective: We describe the usual food intake, body composition, and biochemical profile of adventure racers during their training season and evaluate their energy and nutrient intake in relation to current recommendations for ultraendurance athletes. Methods: Twenty-four adventure race athletes (18 men and 6 women), 24 to 42 y of age, participated in the study. Food intake was determined with a 3-d food record and body composition by plethysmography. Blood samples were obtained from all subjects for biochemical analyses. All assessments were made during the usual training phase. Results: Female athletes had a higher body fat percentage than did male athletes (20.2 5.7% versus 12.5 3.5%). For men and women, food intake was high in protein (1.9 0.5 g/kg in men, 2.0 0.4 g/kg in women) and fat (1.6 0.3 g/kg in men, 1.5 1.3 g/kg in women). Carbohydrate intake of male athletes was at the lower limit of that recommended (5.9 1.8 g/kg). For most vitamins and minerals, athletes' intake was adequate, with the exception of magnesium, zinc, and potassium in men and women and vitamin E and calcium in women, which presented a high probability of being inadequate compared with reference values. High blood levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were found in female athletes (201.0 44.7 and 104.1 43.1 mg/dL, respectively) and all other biochemical analyses were within normal reference values. Conclusion: The adventure racers presented an inadequate nutritional profile when compared with recommendations for endurance exercise. These athletes need to be educated about consuming an adequate diet to meet the nutritional needs of their activity. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Land use impacts on physicochemical and microbial soil properties across the agricultural landscapes of Debrekidan, EasternTigray, Ethiopia

Abstract Land-use land-cover change due to government policies and strategies to support the livelihood of the community became common practices in the agricultural landscape of Debrekidan in Tigray region, Ethiopia. Regardless of the land-use change happened in this landscape, study on physicochemical and microbial soil properties across the land uses is notably scant and little is known on how farmers could manage their land. The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate the impact of land-use change on physical, chemical and microbial soil properties. A total of 86 composite soil samples from a depth of 20 cm were collected from four land uses: area closure, grazing land, rain fed and irrigated agricultural lands. Soil parameters mainly investigated were soil texture, pH, EC, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available P, K, and rhizobia population. The analysis of variance indicated that land use had a significant effect on OC, TN and pH at (p < 0.05). Higher OC and TN were found in grassland, whereas, higher pH was found in irrigated land. Higher rhizobia population densities were found in grassland whereas lower rhizobia population were in rain fed cultivated land. Generally, the agricultural landscape is characterized by low OC, TN and rhizobia population; and optimum phosphorous and potassium. Therefore, farmers of the watershed and other similar areas have to use soil management options that enhance soil OC, nitrogen and rhizobia populations.
Summer Dormancy and Survival of Tall Fescue in Relation to Endophyte Presence

Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky. edu/igc/22/1/13 The XXII International Grassland Congress (Revitalising Grasslands to Sustain Our Communities) took place in Sydney, Australia from September 15 through September 19, 2013. Proceedings Editors: David L. Michalk, Geoffrey D. Millar, Warwick B. Badgery, and Kim M. Broadfoot Publisher: New South Wales Department of Primary Industry, Kite St., Orange New South Wales, Australia
Epidemiological Analysis of 135 Cases of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Managed at a Surgical Intensive Care Unit

This study was a retrospective analysis of the epidemiologic profile of severe traumatic brain injuries managed at the surgical intensive care unit of the University Hospital Center of Yaounde, Cameroon, between January 2011 and December 2015. All the patients admitted at the surgical intensive care unit for a traumatic brain injury with an initial Glasgow coma scale score ≤ 8 were included. One hundred and thirty-five cases were enrolled. One hundred and fourteen were males and 21 were females. Their mean age was 32.75 years. Forty-four patients were aged between 16 to 30 years. Road traffic accidents represented the first mode of injury with 101 cases and most of the patients were pedestrians hit by a car. Pupils and students were the most involved. Twenty-three patients had additional extracranial injury. On admission, 97 (71.85%) patients had GCS 7-8. A brain CT scan was done for 115 patients. Intracranial and intracerebral hemorrhages were the most frequent radiological findings with 57 cases. The overall mortality was 32.59% with 44 deaths. Thirty-two of the deaths occurred in patients with GCS 7 - 8 on admission. Ninety-one (67.40%) patients survived, 74 (54.81%) had persisting disabilities, while only 17 (12.59%) recovered fully. The following factors had an impact on the outcome: GCS at admission, pupillary anomalies, length of hospital stay, endotracheal intubation and surgery. Severe TBI remains a heavy socio-economic burden worldwide. In Cameroon where the health system is poorly organized, the outcome of individuals who sustained a severe TBI was dismal.
Are Resource Booms a Blessing or a Curse?

ABSTRACT We provide the first estimates of the long-run effects of temporary resource booms on the income of people, rather than places, focusing on the U.S. oil boom and bust of the 1980s. Using annual household-level longitudinal data spanning 1969–2012, we find positive effects during the boom period and negative effects during the bust period. The cumulative net effect of the boom–bust on lifetime earnings was arguably negative when restricting the sample to prime working years (younger than 55) and positive otherwise only because the boom delayed retirement. The evidence suggests the boom was ultimately a curse for the average household. It failed to generate net income gains during prime age, and its volatility caused costly income smoothing later in life.
Prevalence of proteinuria and abnormal urinary cytology in HIV +ve asymptomatic patients

Context: A variety of renal abnormalities have been described among HIV-infected patients leading to various clinical presentations. However, early renal disease in HIV +ve patients is asymptomatic. Aims: This study aims to detect the prevalence of proteinuria and abnormal urinary cytology in HIV-infected patients. Subjects and Methods: A total of 140 patients asymptomatic for renal disease and HIV infected were tested for proteinuria (dipstick method), urinary cytology, CD4 count, and serum creatinine (to determine estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]). Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability test (www.vassarstats.net). Results: About 30.7% of patients were detected with proteinuria. A significant proportion of patients with proteinuria had low eGFR. Low CD4 count (<200) and age (≥40) were highly associated with presence of proteinuria. However, urinary cytology was not significantly associated with low eGFR, although abnormal eGFR was more common in the presence of abnormal urinary cytology. Conclusions: A significant proportion of HIV +ve patients asymptomatic for renal disease may have proteinuria (which is an indicator of nephropathy). The test for proteinuria is simple and therefore should be regularly done in all patients. Abnormal urinary cytology is relatively common in this group and should also be tested in all patients.
Formation, Kinetics and Control Strategies of Nox Emission in Hydrogen Fueled IC Engine

With the increase in demand of environmental safety leads to the development of unconventional fuels. Though use of these unconventional fuels like hydrogen etc. heads to low emission, it is associated with shortcomings such as back fire, knocking, and NOx emission. This paper gives you a comprehensive overview on the phenomena of NOx formation, its effect on atmosphere, comparison between the NOx emission of hydrogen based IC engine and conventional fuel IC engine, it’s control techniques and their effectiveness. The future research direction on hydrogen sourced IC engines is also presented. Keywords— Hydrogen; NOx; IC engine.
Five Alexandrium species lacking mixotrophic ability

Copyright © 2019 The Korean Society of Phycology 289 http://e-algae.org pISSN: 1226-2617 eISSN: 2093-0860 Five Alexandrium species lacking mixotrophic ability An Suk Lim, Hae Jin Jeong* and Jin Hee Ok Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Problems of Sedation and Anæsthesia, and the Management of the Disorientated Surgical Patient

Lacrimal surgery: In lacrimal operations hemostasis is the most important factor, for without it accurate plastic surgery is impossible. Inhalation anisthesia with intubation combined with hypotensive drugs gives excellent conditions. However, basal sedation, given by the intramuscular route, combined with suitably placed local infiltrations and surface anaesthesia of the nasal mucosa is also very effective and reduces bleeding to a minimum so that a sucker is unnecessary. The systemic effects of this method, which I have used as a routine for the last eight years, are less drastic than those of the hypotensive techniques indeed the presence of an anesthetist is not really essential.
Dosimetric proprieties of FBX dosimeter for high energy photon and electron beams

Abstract The aim of this work is to characterize the ferrous sulfate-benzoic acid-xylenol orange (FBX) aqueous chemical dosimeter developed at our laboratory, prepared using ultra pure water, by measuring the absorption spectrum, dose response curve, precision and accuracy, energy and dose rate dependency and stability of response. The FBX readings were evaluated by using an accurate spectrophotometer. Experimental data were obtained using various nominal energies 6 MV, 18 MV, 12 MeV, and 15 MeV, including the 60Co γ-rays beam. The calibration of the dosimeters was performed using the ionization chamber as a reference dosimeter. The results show that the FBX dosimeter has a good precision of about 0.2%, no significant energy, dose rate dependence and a linear dose-response relationship in the 1-5 Gy range.
Attraction to Men and Women Predicts Sexual Dimorphism Preferences

Abstract Objectives: Sexual orientation categories are commonly differentiated in the partner preference literature. Yet little is known about how the variability within each category influences partner preferences. Methods: We investigated women’s (N = 27,611) preferences for sexual dimorphism in male faces in relation to self-reports of sexual attraction to men/women (from ‘not at all’ to ‘very’). Results: Self-identified heterosexual women reported considerable variation in sexual attraction levels. We found that sexual dimorphism preferences related positively with attraction to men and negatively with attraction to women. Conclusions: Such variability in women’s sexuality should be taken into account when investigating partner preferences.
Interprofessional Learning Through Shadowing in Rehabilitations Department: A Qualitative Study of the Student´s Placement in Hospital Setting

Interprofessional collaborative learning (IPL) is a requirement in health and social education, primary in student placements. This study explored IPL as shadowing with seven participants at a department of physical medicine and rehabilitation in a hospital. Seven participants were divided into two groups (n=3; n=4) when caring for two patients. Both groups wrote a rehabilitation plan together with the patients. In a submitted template, the students reflected on roles and responsibilities of health care professionals. To examine how the informants expressed their experiences of IPL, focus group interviews were conducted with each group and transcribed. The focus group transcripts, together with submitted templates, were then analysed using Giorgis’ model of content analysis. All informants expressed that IPL led to acquired knowledge about each other’s responsibilities in healthcare. Participants were aware of differences and similarities between their responsibilities. They reported that leadership and communication are prerequisites for collaborative practice.
Symptomatic presentations of severe aortic stenosis

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common type of valvular heart disease. A manifestation of ageing, the disorder is becoming more frequent as the average age of the population increases. Onset of cardinal manifestation of AS—angina, syncope, and heart failure— remains the major demarcation point in the disease’s course. It has been well described that patients’ survival is limited once they develop symptoms from AS and survival after the onset of a symptom depends on what type of symptom a patient develops. Knowing how the pathophysiology of AS causes typical symptoms and death is paramount to understanding the disease. We discuss these issues in this review.
The growth and superconducting properties of RE–Ba–Cu–O single grains with combined RE elements (RE = Gd and Y)

The superconducting properties, melting temperatures and crystal growth rates of single grain, RE–Ba–Cu–O [(RE)BCO] bulk superconductors (where RE = a rare earth element or yttrium) decrease with the RE-element sequence of Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy and Y. The mechanical properties of these technologically important materials, on the other hand, however, improve in the same sequence. Consequently, one promising approach for optimising the balance between mechanical and superconducting properties of bulk (RE)BCO superconductors, or for adjusting growth rate, is the use of combinations of different rare earth elements. In this study, we explore combinations of Gd and Y in the formation of (Gd–Y)–Ba–Cu–O single grains. We describe the optimisation of the growth process for this multi-RE element system and use optical and scanning electron microscopy to study the microstructure of both non-superconducting (Gd–Y)2BaCuO5 [(Y–Gd)-211] phase inclusions and the (Y–Gd)Ba2Cu3O7-δ [(Y–Gd)-123] phase matrix itself. We demonstrate that (Gd–Y)–Ba–Cu–O single grains can be fabricated reliably and that they exhibit reasonably good superconducting properties. We observe that there is an increase in RE-211 particle size in this mixed rare earth system, which, ultimately, limits sample performance, and conclude that this may be a general disadvantage of this approach to the synthesis of single grains for high field engineering applications.
The Impact of Offshoring on Home Country’s Employment

Abstract Although not a recent phenomenon, offshoring has assumed increasing importance in terms of multinational enterprises’ activities, often being the subject of discussion at the political level, especially in more economically developed countries, which tend to suggest that this phenomenon underlies the poor performance of job creation in these economies, contributing to the relocation of jobs. Despite the increasingly numerous and comprehensive studies, findings insist on presenting rather different ideas concerning the effects on home countries’ employment. Therefore, taking into account the lack of relevant work in this area focused on the Portuguese reality, it is pertinent to bridge this gap, positively contributing to the enrichment of the existing literature and to a better understanding of the effects of offshoring on employment in Portugal. Based on a sample of 14 sectors of the manufacturing industry during the 1995-2009 period, our results suggest that offshoring has a positive but small impact on home country’s employment in the Portuguese case. This result may indicate that due to higher sales induced by productivity gains from offshoring, this contributes to the creation of a greater number of jobs than those who are relocated abroad.
Food Preferences and Price, but Not Value, Were Associated with Sales in a Discounted Food-Buying Program

ABSTRACT Discounted food-buying (DFB) programs aim to enhance food security among low-income households through sales of aggregated food packages at low cost. This study used the theory of planned behavior to investigate content, price, and value in relationship to the decision to purchase DFB packages. Mixed methods included a cross-sectional survey of low-income consumers (n = 76), and an analysis of 3 years of program sales data. Respondents reported protein, vegetables, and fruit of highest importance, and were willing to pay more for protein packages. Sales were associated with price, but not measured value after controlling for seasonality. Unwanted items were the leading barrier to purchase. DFB programs that prioritize food preferences and price may enhance sales to low-income consumers.
Environmental Risk (and Benefit) Information Seeking Intentions: The Case of Carbon Capture and Storage in Southeast Texas

ABSTRACT Americans remain relatively unaware of the risks and benefits associated with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, including its role in combating CO2 emissions as a means to address climate change. Our goal is to determine factors that might help build awareness and knowledge of CCS so that citizens can make informed decisions about it. Specifically, we focus on perceived risks, benefits and emotions associated with CCS and intentions to seek information about it. We surveyed 970 adults from a region of Texas that has seen recent growth in the application of CCS technology. Consistent with prior research, most respondents were not aware of CCS or the risks and benefits associated with it. To explore CCS-related information -seeking intent, we sought guidance from the planned risk information -seeking model, which identifies factors that contribute to intentions to seek information about risk-related topics. The majority of the hypothesized relationships were supported, and the model accounted for 48% of the variance in intent to seek information about CCS risks and benefits. Furthermore, perceived benefits and hope played significant roles in explaining information-seeking intent. Implications for better engaging the public with the topic of CCS are discussed.
The diets of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes)

For tens of millions of years the ratite moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) were the largest herbivores in New Zealand’s terrestrial ecosystems. In occupying this ecological niche for such a long time, moa undoubtedly had a strong influence on the evolution of New Zealand’s flora and played important functional roles within ecosystems. The extinction of moa in the 15th century ce therefore marked a significant event in New Zealand’s biological history, not only in terms of biodiversity loss, but in the loss of an evolutionarily and ecologically distinct order of birds. Understanding the full extent and magnitude of this loss, and its implications for New Zealand ecosystems, depends upon a detailed knowledge of moa diets. Over the past 100 years, periodic discoveries of preserved moa gizzard content and coprolites (ancient preserved dung) have gradually begun to shed light on the diets of moa and their roles within New Zealand ecosystems. Here, we review how the study of such samples has shaped our understanding of moa diets through time. We then provide a synthesis of current knowledge about moa diets, including summarising 2755 records of plant remains from 23 moa gizzard contents and 158 moa coprolites. A clear picture is now emerging of distinct differences between the feeding ecologies of moa species, which together with differences in habitat preferences facilitated niche partitioning. Such insights provide empirical data to inform the debate surrounding the role of moa herbivory in the evolution of distinctive plant traits within the New Zealand flora. These data also help identify specific ecological functions and roles that have been lost due to the extinction of moa, and resolve to what extent these could be replaced via surrogate taxa.