Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and Social Cognition Relationship Orientation as a Moderator of the Effects of Social Power

This research examined the hypothesis that the concept of power is mentally associated with different goals for individuals with a communal versus an exchange relationship orientation (M. S. Clark & J. Mills, 1979). It was predicted that communals associate power with social-responsibility goals, whereas exchangers link power with self-interest goals. Thus, when power is activated, distinct goals should be ignited for communals and exchangers. Power was primed unobtrusively using semantic cues in Study 1 and using naturally occurring, environmental cues in Studies 2 and 3. Across studies, power-primed communals responded in socially responsible ways, whereas power-primed exchangers acted more in line with their self-interests. These power-goal effects occurred nonconsciously. Overall, the data support taking a Person x Situation approach—one that allows for moderators such as relationship orienta-tion—to understand power's positive and negative effects. Any man can withstand adversity; if you want to test his character, give him power. —Abraham Lincoln In 1972, Kipnis raised the question "Does power corrupt? " in the title of his empirical article. The bulk of his findings suggested that the answer to this question was "yes. " For example, Kipnis found that having power was associated with an increase in attempts to exert influence over the less powerful, and with the devaluation of the less powerful in terms of their ability and worth (Kipnis, 1972, 1976; see also Brewer, 1982). Along similar lines, recent meta-anaiytic findings suggest that, as power levels increase, performance evaluations for the self become more positive, whereas evaluations for others' performance become more negative (Georgesen & Harris, 1998). Indeed, seemingly countless real-world examples offer substantiation for the saying "power corrupts. " Yet at the same time, it is not too difficult to imagine a powerholder—perhaps a boss, teacher, or journal editor—who wields power in a socially responsible manner, attending and responding to the opinions and needs of others. Such a power-holder experiences a sense of responsibility that is, if anything, heightened when exerting power. This powerholder takes seriously his or her accountability to the less powerful and is thus vigilant of their views and interests. Taken as a whole, research and everyday experience seem to suggest that power can have a variety of effects on those who possess it. In the present research, we took a social-cognitive approach to examine the effects of power. In this approach, we conceptualized power's effects in terms of the goals that people mentally associate with power. We hypothesized that …
Climate Policy under Technology Spillovers

We study climate policy when there are technology spillovers between countries, as there is no instrument that (directly) corrects for these externalities. Without an international climate agreement, the (non-cooperative) equilibrium depends on whether countries use tradable quotas or carbon taxes as their environmental policy instruments. All countries are better-off in the tax case than in the quota case. Two types of international climate agreements are then studied: One is a Kyoto type of agreement where each country is assigned a specific number of internationally tradable quotas. In the second type of agreement, a common carbon tax is used domestically in all countries. None of the cases satisfy the conditions for the social optimum. Even if the quota price is equal to the Pigovian level, R&D investments will be lower than what is socially optimal in the quota case. It is also argued that the quota agreement gives higher R&D expenditures and more abatement than the tax agreement.
Strong stress-enhanced diffusion in amorphous lithium alloy nanowire electrodes

Diffusion-induced stress DIS development and stress-enhanced diffusion SED in amorphous lithium alloy nanowire battery electrodes are investigated using a finite deformation model, accounting for full two-way coupling between diffusion and stress evolution. Analytical solutions are derived using a perturbation method. The analyses reveal significant contributions to the driving force for diffusion by stress gradient, an effect much stronger than those seen in cathode lattices but so far has been neglected for alloy-based anodes. The contribution of stress to diffusion is small at low lithium concentrations, this lack of SED leads to significantly higher DIS levels in early stages of a charging cycle. As lithium concentration increases, SED becomes more pronounced, leading to lower DIS levels. The long-term DIS level in the material scales with charging rate, nanowire radius, and the mobility of Li ions as modulated by the effect of stress. The solutions obtained provide guidance for lowering stresses during charging. In particular, lower charging rates should be used during the initial stages of charging cycles. © 2011 American Institute of Physics. doi:10.1063/1.3530738
Burst of intra-cloud discharges during initial continuous current in a rocket-triggered lightning flash

The measurement with one pair of low-frequency (30-300 kHz) magnetic induction coils with high sensitivity reveals a long sequence of small intra-cloud discharges accompanying the initial continuous current in a rocket-triggered lightning flash on August 3, 2013. The time-scale of these small discharges is about 2-4 μs and the inter-pulse interval is typically 20 to 45 μs. These discharges, which are not readily detectable in the very highfrequency (VHF) range in this case, most likely occurred as the stepping process of a positive leader as it progressed into a negative cloud charge region in the lower part of thunderstorm. The varying magnitude of these magnetic pulses is largely caused by the variation in the direction of positive leader propagation as resolved by a short-baseline VHF lightning imaging system.
Hydraulically Drained Flows in Rotating Basins. Part II: Steady Flow

Abstract The slow, horizontal circulation in a deep, hydraulically drained basin is discussed within the context of reduced-gravity dynamics. The basin may have large topographic variations and is fed from above or from the sides by mass sources. Dissipation is provided by bottom friction. To the order of the appromixations made (weak forcing and dissipation), the nonlinear hydraulic control is found to influence only the mean level of the interface separating upper and lower layers, and not the horizontal circulation. For the case of forcing from above the interior basin flow is anticyclonic about closed geostrophic contours and feeds into diffusive boundary layers leading to the draining strait and sill. With sidewall forcing, the interior is motionless and flow is channeled directly to the strait in boundary layers. The latter may circle the basin cyclonically or anticyclonically depending on the source distribution, and a circulation integral is shown to predict the sense of the overall swirl velocity.
Deploment of Characters and Entrepreneurship Through Gardening Activity in Social Science Learning

The purpose of this study is to describe the development of the character and entrepreneurship values in the learning of Social Science. This research method mixmethods is a research approach that combines or associates qualitative and quantitative forms. Data collection techniques through interview, observation, focus group discussion, questionnaire. The schools that became the location of the study were Al Hidayah, Nurul Iman, Misbahul Islam, and Mathlalul Anwar private Islamic Elementary Schools. The results of this study, through the gardening activities of teachers can explore the values of positive characters for students, among others, are grateful for God's favors, patience and entrepreneurial spirit, responsible, disciplined, cooperative, plant-loving attitude and environment, patience, social spirit, caring and respecting each other. And the teaching and learning process is more meaningful because students directly practice farming or gardening and entrepreneur.
Enhancement of Drought Stress Tolerance in Aceh ’ s Local Rice by Mutation with Gamma Rays Irradiation

Background: Drought stress is a major limiting factor in efforts to increase rice production, it is caused by changes in rainfall patterns and extreme weather. Objective: The study aimed to improve the tolerance for drought stress by mutation induced with gamma rays irradiation on Aceh’s local rice. Methodology: The seeds of Aceh’s local rice were treated with gamma rays irradiation at a dose of 250 Gy. The third generation of mutant rice was cultivated on an organic farming system using 1.0 ton-1 ha of Petroganic fertilizer. Results: The gamma rays irradiation increased significantly the tolerance of M3 mutant rice for drought stress. The plant height varied greatly between lines and the highest plant height showed by line Unsyiah-3 Sanberasi. The rice line produced from mutation gamma irradiation of 250 Gy was significantly higher than the parent plant (M0), Sanbei. The interaction of rice lines mutated gamma radiation and drought stress significantly increased the percentage of productive tillers. The highest percentage of productive tiller shown by genotype Unsyiah-3 Sanberasi. The interaction of rice lines results gamma radiation and drought stress was very significant to increase the yield potential. Each rice lines tested also showed a different response to drought stress by variable yield potential. In drought conditions, the highest potential yield reached 2.81 tons ha-1 was shown by line Unsyiah-1 Simeulu and did not differ significantly with line Unsyiah-5 Sibahak. Conclusion: This study discovered that mutation of local rice with gamma rays irradiation improved the tolerance of local rice of Aceh to drought stress and enhanced the yield potential. Thus, gamma-ray mutations can be applied to increase rice productivity in sub-optimal lands that experience abiotic stress.
Energy expenditure in HIV infection 1 – 3

Energy intake recommendations for adults should be based preferably on direct measurements of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in corresponding populations who are maintaining healthy body weight and satisfactory physical activity levels. During adolescence, pregnancy, and lactation, energy requirements should be based on TDEE plus the additional energy required to advance these physiologic states. With illness, energy expenditure and energy intake change, but nutritional intervention is not necessarily beneficial. This article reviews data on energy expenditure in HIV infection with a focus on adults, adolescents aged 14 y, and pregnant and lactating women. Resting energy expenditure (REE) in adults with untreated asymptomatic HIV is ;10% higher than in healthy control subjects. In asymptomatic adults receiving antiretroviral therapy, REE may be similarly increased. HIV wasting and secondary infections are also associated with increased REE. In contrast, TDEE is typically normal in asymptomatic HIV and decreased in HIV wasting and secondary infection. No direct measurements of REE or TDEE are available in adolescents or in pregnant or lactating women with HIV. On the basis of current data, energy intake may need to increase by ;10% in adults with asymptomatic HIV to maintain body weight. In adolescents and in pregnant and lactating women with asymptomatic HIV, energy requirements should approximate recommendations for their uninfected counterparts until further data are available. In the resource-rich world, the energy expenditure changes associated with HIV are unlikely to contribute to significant weight loss. More data are needed on energy expenditure in HIV-infected populations from developing nations, where concurrent malnutrition and coinfections are common. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94(suppl):1677S–82S.
Multiple Mycoplasmal Infections Detected in Blood of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia Syndrome Patients

The aim of the study is to investigate the presence of different mycoplasmal species in blood samples from patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and/or Fibromyalgia Syndrome. We previously found that more than 60% of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Fibromyalgia Syndrome had mycoplasmal blood infections, such as M. fermentans . In this study, patients with chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Fibromyalgia syndrome were examined for multiple mycoplasmal infections in their blood. A total of 91 patients diagnosed with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Fibromyalgia Syndrome and with a positive test for any mycoplasmal infection were investigated for the presence of M. fermentans, M. pneumoniae, M. hominis and M. penetrans infections using forensic polymerase chain reaction. Infections were detected with M. pneumoniae (54/91), M. fermentans ( 4 4 / 9 1 ) , M. hominis (28/91) and M. penetrans (18/91) of mycoplasma-positive patients, respectively. Multiple mycoplasmal infections were found in 48 of 91 patients, with double infections being detected in 30.8% or triple infections in 22%, but only when one of the species was M. pneumoniae and/or M. fermentans. Patients infected with different Mycoplasma spp. generally had a longer history of illness, suggesting that patients may have contracted additional mycoplasmal infections with time.
Electron Mass Enhancement and the Widom–Larsen Model

Widom and Larsen have put forth a model to describe excess heat and transmutation in LENR experiments. This model is the single most successful theoretical model that the field has seen since it started; it has served as the theoretical justification for a program at NASA; and it has accumulated an enormous number of supporters both within and outside of the condensed matter nuclear science community. The first step in the model involves the proposed accumulation of mass by electrons through Coulomb interactions with electrons and ions in highly-excited coupled plasmon and optical phonon modes. Historically for us this mass increase has been hard to understand, so we were motivated in this study to understand better how this comes about. To study it, we consider simple classical models which show the effect, from which we see that the mass increase can be associated with the electron kinetic energy. The basic results of the simple classical model carry over to the quantum problem in the case of simple wave packet solutions. Since there are no quantum fluctuations of the longitudinal field in the Coulomb gauge, the resulting problem is conventional, and we find no reason to expect MeV electron kinetic energy in a conventional consideration of electrons in metals. We consider the numerical example outlined in a primer on the Widom–Larsen model, and find that multiple GW/cm2 would be required to support the level of vibrational excitation assumed in the surface layer; this very large power per unit area falls short by orders of magnitude the power level needed to make up the expected energy loss of the mass-enhanced electrons. We note that the mass enhancement of an electron in a transverse field is connected to acceleration, so that the electron radiates. A similar effect is expected in the longitudinal case, and a very large amount of easily detected X-ray radiation would be expected if an MeV-level mass enhancement were present even in a modest number of electrons. © 2013 ISCMNS. All rights reserved. ISSN 2227-3123
ven highly experienced drivers benefit from a brief hazard perception raining intervention ark

We examined the proposal that hazard perception ability is suboptimal even in highly experienced midage drivers. First, we replicated previous findings in which police drivers significantly outperformed highly experienced drivers on a validated video-based hazard perception test, indicating that the ability of the experienced participants had not reached ceiling despite decades of driving. Second, we found that the highly experienced drivers’ hazard perception test performance could be improved with a mere 20 min of video-based training, and this improvement remained evident after a delay of at least a week. One possible explanation as to why hazard perception skill may be suboptimal even in experienced
The lasting legacy of seasonal influenza: In-utero exposure and human capital development

Unfavorable circumstances in the fetal period have be n shown to have impacts over the entire life course. Usually, these impacts are identified via cat strophes affecting cohorts such as pandemics, famines, and natural or manmade disasters. This st udy is the first to demonstrate long term effects of seasonal influenza, a more moderate threat that recurs every year and is preventable through vaccination. Using rich administrative data from D enmark, I show that in utero exposure to influenza is associated not only with worse health t birth, but with 10% lower earnings, a 7% decrease in labor market participation, and a remar kable 43% increase in welfare dependence. The effects are remarkably similar whether they are est imated either at the cohort level, or by tracking offspring of mothers who were known to have been in fected. Birth outcomes are most strongly affected by third trimester exposure, while labor m arket outcomes are most affected by second trimester exposure. These findings suggest that in flue za exposure has the potential to damage the fetus through multiple mechanisms. * Center for Health and Wellbeing, Princeton Univer sity; schwandt@princeton.edu. Further affiliations : CEP, London School of Economics; COHERE, University of S uthern Denmark; and IZA. I am grateful to Janet Currie for continuous guidance and advice. I am also thank ful to Steve Pischke and Till von Wachter as well a s Alicia Adsera, Doug Almond, Orley Ashenfelter, Anne Case, Olivier Darmouni, Alan Krueger, Ilyana Kuziemko, Al ex Mas, Daniel Rees, Tom Vogl, Nicole Basta, Bryan Grenfell , Marie Kruse, Jess Metcalf, Ab Osterhaus, Cecile V boud, Jacco Wallinga, and seminar participants at Princet on's Center for Health and Wellbeing, Industrial Re lations Section, Evolutionary Biology department and at the RAPIDD I nfectious Diseases meeting in Copenhagen for helpfu l comments. Marie Kruse at University Southern Denmar k also provided excellent support in the preparatio n of the Danish register data. This research is supported by the Danish Research Council grant DFF-132700018 in collaboration with Mickael Beck and Christian Dahl nd I am thankful to them for making this collabora tion possible. The Danish Staten Serum Institute generously provid ed nfluenza surveillance data.
Prevalence and associated factors of self-medication among the college students in Tehran -

Background: Self-Medication is medicine consumption without prescription regardless of the cause, amount, and duration of use. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of self-medication and associated factors among a sample of students of Tehran in 2016. Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study was conducted with participation of 1269 students from three universities in Tehran, Iran. The samples were selected by cluster sampling method. Data collection tool in this study was a researcher made questionnaire including 62 questions. Validity of questionnaire was approved by CVI and CVR approaches. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 19 and using the central indices, t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression. Results: mean age of students was 21.13±1.19 years. 80.7% of participants had a history of self-medication in the past six months. The highest rate of self-medication in both genders was belonged to headache 65.4%, colds 41.9%, cough and sore throat 27.2%,. Results showed that there was a statistically significant differences between self-medication with gender, university, and level of knowledge (p
ENCEPHALITOZOON CUNICULI INFECTION IN DOMESTIC RABBITS ELISABETTA MANCINELLI, DVM, MRCVS, CERTZOOMED ECZM RESIDENT IN SMALL COMPANION EXOTIC MAMMAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY Great Western Exotic Vets

Encephalizotoonosis is a very common infection in domestic rabbits. This parasite is widely distributed amongst different mammalian species such as rodents, foxes, nonhuman primates, dogs, cats, pigs, cows, horses and exotic carnivores [3]. The infection has also been reported in birds [18] but it is primarily seen in rabbits. Farm and laboratory rabbits have been known for a long time as target species but according to a recent survey [15] healthy domestic rabbits also show specific antibodies against this parasite in their blood with a prevalence of 52%. Its’ importance is also due to the increasing reports of human microsporidial infections over the past years. At present transfer of infection has been reported to happen from humans to rabbits. Although infections in humans have been described to be caused by the same strain isolated in rabbits, a direct zoonotic connection has not been found yet and it has been postulated that human infections are mainly of environmental origin via contaminated water sources or other infected humans [14]. Several species of Encephalitozoon, including E.cuniculi, can be serious opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised individuals such as those affected by HIV, on immunosuppressive medications or undergoing organ transplant. The contact between pet owners and susceptible animal species could therefore increase the risk of exposure in humans [14]. However at present it is still not clear which animal species play a major role as reservoir of infection. Rabbits are known to be common carriers but a study recently identified microsporidial DNA in a large proportion of droppings from pigeons in the Netherlands. E.cuniculi was the third most common microsporidial species identified [1]. Whether this was a result of a true infection is still not clear but considering the close contact, in urban situations, between humans and pigeons, it is highly likely that inhalation of spores might occur leading to an increased risk of human exposure.
Repetitions in Soekarno’s speech

This paper describes about Repetition in Soekarno’s speech from 1965 to 1967. The repetition in Soekarno’s speech uses the model Teun van Dijk and Norman Fairclough in Critical Discourse Analysis approach. The purpose of this paper is to describe about the types of repetition found in Soekarno’s speech, especially about anaphora, epizeuxis, and tautotes. The method applied in this research consists of three stages, namely: collected data that represents the formulation of the problem; analysis data with the formulation of the problem; exposure analysis result. This study uses Soekarno’ speech taken from “Revolusi belum Selesai” (Unfinished Revolution) by Budi Setiono and Bonnie Triana 1965-1967. The source of data is the form of discourse in Soekarno’speech, and taken 30 texts to speech as the study sample. The data in form: Repetition: anaphora, epizeuxis, and tautotes.