Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Foundations of Computer Networking

To design future networks that are worthy of societys trust, we must put the discipline of computer networking on a much stronger foundation. This book rises above the considerable minutiae of todays networking technologies to emphasize the long-standing mathematical underpinnings of the field. Professor Jennifer Rexford, Department of Computer Science, Princeton University This book is exactly the one I have been waiting for the last couple of years. Recently, I decided most students were already very familiar with the way the net works but were not being taught the fundamentalsthe math. This book contains the knowledge for people who will create and understand future communications systems. " Professor Jon Crowcroft, The Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge The Essential Mathematical Principles Required to Design, Implement, or Evaluate Advanced Computer Networks Students, researchers, and professionals in computer networking require a firm conceptual understanding of its foundations. Mathematical Foundations of Computer Networking provides an intuitive yet rigorous introduction to these essential mathematical principles and techniques. Assuming a basic grasp of calculus, this book offers sufficient detail to serve as the only reference many readers will need. Each concept is described in four ways: intuitively; using appropriate mathematical notation; with a numerical example carefully chosen for its relevance to networking; and with a numerical exercise for the reader. The first part of the text presents basic concepts, and the second part introduces four theories in a progression that has been designed to gradually deepen readers understanding. Within each part, chapters are as self-contained as possible. The first part covers probability; statistics; linear algebra; optimization; and signals, systems, and transforms. Topics range from Bayesian networks to hypothesis testing, and eigenvalue computation to Fourier transforms. These preliminary chapters establish a basis for the four theories covered in the second part of the book: queueing theory, game theory, control theory, and information theory. The second part also demonstrates how mathematical concepts can be applied to issues such as contention for limited resources, and the optimization of network responsiveness, stability, and throughput.
Jamming with Social Media: How Cognitive Structuring of Organizing Vision Facets Affects IT Innovation Diffusion

Organizing vision theory is an institutional alternative to the economic-rationality view of IT innovation diffusion. Institutional theorists have called for more attention to cognitive processes and structures in order to understand institutional mechanisms. Our objective was to unpack the cognitive structure of an organizing vision to understand its role in the diffusion of IT innovations. We focus on the know-why component of organizing visions and on social media as an IT innovation. In a two-stage study, Stage I leveraged schema theory, the "orders of worth" framework's six justificatory principles, and relational class analysis to discover the hierarchical structure of the social media organizing vision. This resulted in a view of the organizing vision as comprised of four schemas, which we conceptualized as visions-in-use, and ten nested business use cases, each comprised of different combinations of the six principles. Based on this understanding, Stage II explored how community appropriations of visions-in-use and business use cases from the repertoire provided by an organizing vision shape four facets of an organizing vision--coherence, continuity, clarity, and diversity--and how these facets influence diffusion of the IT innovation. We found that the two vision facets we surfaced-- clarity and diversity--are essential to understanding diffusion and how and why coherence and continuity matter to diffusion. Much as the "vision" of a musical jam session emerges from players' multivocal performances, an organizing vision emerges from community members' multivocal discourse about an IT innovation. Just as a jam session depends on a structure of rules and individual player creativity, diffusion of an IT innovation depends on an organizing vision that offers prospective adopters a well-defined repertoire of moves to choose from, yet affords them the freedom to improvise.
A_PSQA: PESQ-like non-intrusive tool for QoE prediction in VoIP services

Perceived speech quality, or Quality of Experience (QoE), is the key criteria for evaluating VoIP service. Most of the existing solutions are intrusive, in a sense where they require both the original and the transmitted audio sequences. These solutions give good estimation of the QoE, but they cannot be used in real-time. In fact, Service Provider and Network Provider are highly interested on automatic QoE estimation tool (without intrusion) in order to monitor and control the perceived quality of their VoIP service. In this paper, we present a new perceived speech quality estimation tool, named ALICANTE1 Pseudo Subjective Quality Assessment (A_PSQA) for two widely VoIP codecs, iLBC and Speex. A_PSQA is a non-intrusive method, which relies on Random Neural Network (RNN) approach to learn the nonlinear relation between network parameters and the perceived user QoE. Furthermore, to avoid costly and time-consuming subjective tests, we used a well-known intrusive method ITU-T's Perceptual Evaluation Quality (PESQ) to estimate the MOS. Obtained results show that A_PSQA is able to estimate the MOS like PESQ, while being non-intrusive. Besides, A_PSQA's results are compared with two non-intrusive (IQX and E-Model) methods, where A_PSQA shows the highest correlation with PESQ estimation than all others methods.
Feeding kinematics of phelsuma madagascariensis (Reptilia: gekkonidae): testing differences between iguania and scleroglossa

The kinematics of feeding in the gekkotan lizard Phelsuma madagascariensis (Scleroglossa) was investigated using high-speed cinematography (200-300 frames s(-)(1)) and X-ray films (64 frames s(-)(1)). Qualitative kinematic analysis of the head and jaw displacement of the prey to (capture) and within (reduction, transport, swallowing, licking) the buccal cavity are compared for two types of prey (crickets and mealworms) in 30 feeding sequences from four individuals. Maximal displacement of structures and timing of events are compared statistically to assess the differences among the phases and the prey using analysis of variance. P. madagascariensis uses its jaws only to capture the two types of prey item, and the capture jaw cycle is divided into fast-opening (FO), fast-closing (FC) and slow-closing (SC) stages only. As in iguanians and other scleroglossans, the reduction and transport cycles always involve a slow opening (SOI and SOII) stage before the FO stage, followed by FC and SC stages: this last stage was not easily identified in all feeding phase. Transport of the prey was followed by a large number of licking cycles. Our data show (i) that the capture profile in gekkotans is similar to that observed for other scleroglossans and different from that described for iguanians (e.g. the absence of an SO stage); (ii) that the kinematics of jaw and related hyo-lingual cycles of intraoral manipulation (reduction and transport) are similar in lizards with a very different hyo-lingual system (Iguania, Gekkota and Scincomorpha), suggesting a basic mechanism of feeding cycles in squamates, transformed in varanids and snakes; and (iii) that prey type affects the kinematics of capture and manipulation, although the high level of variation among lizards suggests a possible individual modulation of feeding mechanism. A principal components analysis was performed to compare capture and transport cycles in this study of P. madagascariensis (Gekkota) and a previous study of Oplurus cuvieri (Iguania). This analysis separated the capture cycle of each species, but the transport cycles were not completely separated. These results demonstrate the complexity of the modulation and evolution of feeding process in squamates.
WORLD WIDE WEB

Companies continue to flock to the Internet in ever-increasing numbers, despite the fact that the overall and underlying environment is not secure. To further complicate the matter, vendors, standards bodies, security organizations, and practitioners cannot agree on a standard, compliant, and technically available approach. As a group of investors concerned with the success of the Internet for business purposes, it is critical that we pull our collective resources and work together to quickly establish and support interoperable security standards; open security interfaces to existing security products and security control mechanisms within other program products; and hardware and software solutions within heterogeneous operating systems which will facilitate smooth transitions. Interfaces and teaming relationships to further this goal include computer and network security and information security professional associations (CSI, ISSA, NCSA), professional technical and engineering organizations (I/EEE, IETF), vendor and product user groups, government and standards bodies, seminars and conferences, training companies/institutes (MIS), and informal networking among practitioners. Having the tools and solutions available within the marketplace is a beginning, but we also need strategies and migration paths to accommodate and integrate Internet, intranet, and World Wide Web (WWW) technologies into our existing IT infrastructure. While there are P A Y O F F I D E A
Disparate Recovery of Resting and Stimulated Oxidative Metabolism Following Transient Ischemia

To assess tbe residual effects of transient cerebral ischemia on mitochondria? oxidative metabolic function, changes in the reduction/oxidation state of cytochrome a,a2 and relative local Mood volume were measured in situ from tbe exposed cerebral surface of rat brain before and after 10 minutes of carotid artery ligation. During the ischemlc interval, cytochrome a,a2 became reduced and electrocortical activity was abolished. During the first 20 minutes of reperfusion cytochrome a,a2 was hyperoxldized beyond baseline with eventual recovery to the original steady state. Electrocortical activity returned more slowly. Increased energy demand induced by electrical stimulation of the cortex produced transient oxidation of cytocbrome a,a2. The amplitude of this oxidative response was decreased during the first 30 minutes of reperfusion. During tbe first 2 bours of reperfusion the time required for re-reduction of the oxidative response was lengthened despite tbe recovery of baseline mitochondrial redox state. These data demonstrate residual metabolic dysfunction after transient ischemia not apparent under “resting” conditions but evident when the system is required to perform additional “work. ” We speculate this metabolic dysfunction could be due to relative substrate limitation.
Sequence Characterization of the MC1R Gene in Yak (Poephagus grunniens) Breeds with Different Coat Colors

Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene plays a key role in determining coat color in several species, including the cattle. However, up to now there is no report regarding the MC1R gene and the potential association of its mutations with coat colors in yak (Poephagus grunniens). In this study, we sequenced the encoding region of the MC1R gene in three yak breeds with completely white (Tianzhu breed) or black coat color (Jiulong and Maiwa breeds). The predicted coding region of the yak MC1R gene resulted of 954 bp, the same to that of the wild-type cattle sequence, with >99% identity. None of the mutation events reported in cattle was found. Comparing the yak obtained sequences, five nucleotide substitutions were detected, which defined three haplotypes (EY1, EY2, and EY3). Of the five mutations, two, characterizing the EY1 haplotype, were nonsynonymous substitutions (c.340C>A and c.871G>A) causing amino acid changes located in the first extracellular loop (p.Q114K) and in the seventh transmembrane region (p.A291T). In silico prediction might indicate a functional effect of the latter substitution. However, all three haplotypes were present in the three yak breeds with relatively consistent frequency distribution, despite of their distinguished coat colors, which suggested that there was no across-breed association between haplotypes or genotypes and black/white phenotypes, at least in the investigated breeds. Other genes may be involved in affecting coat color in the analyzed yaks.
Efficiently supporting order in XML query processing

Query processing over XML data sources has emerged as a popular topic. XML is an ordered data model and XQuery expressions return results that have a well-defined order. However little work on how order is supported in XML query processing has been done to date. In this paper we study the challenges related to handling order in the XML context, namely challenges imposed by the XML data model, by the variety of distinct XML operators and by incremental view maintenance. We have proposed an efficient solution that addresses these issues. We use a key encoding for XML nodes that supports both node identity and node order. We have designed order encoding rules based on the XML algebraic query execution data model and on node encodings that does not require any actual sorting for intermediate results during execution. Our approach supports more efficient incremental view maintenance as it makes most XML operators distributive with respect to bag union. Our approach is implemented in the context of Rainbow [25], an XML data management system developed at WPI. We prove the correctness of our order encoding approach, namely that it ensures order handling for query processing and for view maintenance. We also show, through experiments, that the overhead of maintaining order in our approach is indeed neglectible.
A scheme to ensure data security of cloud storage

Cloud storage offers great convenience to users. However, the data security concerns may impede cloud storage wide adoption. Although there are many schemes to solve the problem, they mostly focus on an aspect of data security. They have not a detailed discussion about the data security in cloud. In this paper, we proposed approach provides a scheme to allow users to check the integrity of their data in the cloud. We also present the performance criteria about the scheme, which can help the researchers to optimize their mechanism efficiently and effectively. The scheme is lightweight, efficient and robust.
A fluorescence-based assay suitable for quantitative analysis of deadenylase enzyme activity

In eukaryotic cells, the shortening and removal of the poly(A) tail of cytoplasmic mRNA by deadenylase enzymes is a critical step in post-transcriptional gene regulation. The ribonuclease activity of deadenylase enzymes is attributed to either a DEDD (Asp-Glu-Asp-Asp) or an endonuclease–exonuclease–phosphatase domain. Both domains require the presence of two Mg2+ ions in the active site. To facilitate the biochemical analysis of deadenylase enzymes, we have developed a fluorescence-based deadenylase assay. The assay is based on end-point measurement, suitable for quantitative analysis and can be adapted for 96- and 384-well microplate formats. We demonstrate the utility of the assay by screening a chemical compound library, resulting in the identification of non-nucleoside inhibitors of the Caf1/CNOT7 enzyme, a catalytic subunit of the Ccr4–Not deadenylase complex. These compounds may be useful tools for the biochemical analysis of the Caf1/CNOT7 deadenylase subunit of the Ccr4–Not complex and indicate the feasibility of developing selective inhibitors of deadenylase enzymes using the fluorescence-based assay.
Inconsistency Extraction using Advanced FP-Growth Algorithm

Inconsistency or Anomaly extraction refers to the automatically finding a large set of flows observed during an anomalous time interval, the flows associated with anomalous events. It is valuable for root causes analysis, network forensics, anomaly modeling, and attack mitigation. In this paper, histogram based detectors are used which provide a meta-data which is useful for identifying suspicious flows and then apply association algorithm like Advanced FP-Growth Algorithm to summarize and find anomalous flows. Using rich traffic data from a network, Paper show that a technique efficiently finds the flows associated with anomalous events. In addition, an algorithm reduces the both in runtime and the main memory consumption. The inconsistency extraction method significantly reduces the working hours needed for anomaly detection system more practical.
Responses of sub-ice platelet layer thickening rate and frazil-ice concentration to variations in ice-shelf water supercooling in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Abstract. Persistent outflow of supercooled ice-shelf water (ISW) from beneath McMurdo Ice Shelf creates a rapidly growing sub-ice platelet layer (SIPL) with a unique crystallographic structure under the sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. A vertically modified frazil-ice-laden ISW plume model that encapsulates the combined non-linear effects of the vertical distributions of supercooling and frazil concentration on frazil-ice growth is applied to McMurdo Sound and is shown to reproduce the observed ISW supercooling and SIPL distributions. Using this model, the dependence of the SIPL thickening rate and depth-averaged frazil-ice concentration on ISW supercooling in McMurdo Sound is investigated and found to be predominantly controlled by the vertical distribution of frazil concentration. The complex dependence on frazil concentration highlights the need to improve frazil-ice observations within the sea-ice–ocean boundary layer in McMurdo Sound.
The Transcription Factors WRKY11 and WRKY17 Act as Negative Regulators of Basal Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana[W][OA]

Transcription factors are believed to play a pivotal role in the activation and fine-tuning of plant defense responses, but little is known about the exact function of individual transcription factors in this process. We analyzed the role of the IId subfamily of WRKY transcription factors in the regulation of basal resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst). The expression of four members of the subfamily was induced upon challenge with virulent and avirulent strains of Pst. Mutant analyses revealed that loss of WRKY11 function increased resistance toward avirulent and virulent Pst strains and that resistance was further enhanced in wrky11 wrky17 double mutant plants. Thus, WRKY11 and WRKY17 act as negative regulators of basal resistance to Pst. Genome-wide expression analysis and expression studies of selected genes in single and double mutants demonstrated that both transcription factors modulate transcriptional changes in response to pathogen challenge. Depending on the target gene, WRKY11 and WRKY17 act either specifically or in a partially redundant manner. We demonstrate complex cross-regulation within the IId WRKY subfamily and provide evidence that both WRKY transcription factors are involved in the regulation of Pst-induced jasmonic acid–dependent responses. These results provide genetic evidence for the importance of WRKY11 and WRKY17 in plant defense.
Inverse modelling using PS‐InSAR data for improved land subsidence simulation in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada

Las Vegas Valley has had a long history of groundwater development and subsequent surface deformation. InSAR interferograms have revealed detailed and complex spatial patterns of subsidence in the Las Vegas Valley area that do not coincide with major pumping regions. This research represents the first effort to use high spatial and temporal resolution subsidence observations from InSAR and hydraulic head data to inversely calibrate transmissivities (T), elastic and inelastic skeletal storage coefficients (Ske and Skv) of the developed‐zone aquifer and conductance (CR) of the basin‐fill faults for the entire Las Vegas basin. The results indicate that the subsidence observations from InSAR are extremely beneficial for accurately quantifying hydraulic parameters, and the model calibration results are far more accurate than when using only groundwater levels as observations, and just a limited number of subsidence observations. The discrepancy between distributions of pumping and greatest levels of subsidence is found to be attributed to spatial variations in clay thickness. The Eglington fault separates thicker interbeds to the northwest from thinner interbeds to the southeast and the fault may act as a groundwater‐flow barrier and/or subsidence boundary, although the influence of the groundwater barrier to this area is found to be insignificant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heparanase Affects Food Intake and Regulates Energy Balance in Mice

Mutation of the melanocortin-receptor 4 (MC4R) is the most frequent cause of severe obesity in humans. Binding of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) to MC4R involves the co-receptor syndecan-3, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. The proteoglycan can be structurally modified by the enzyme heparanase. Here we tested the hypothesis that heparanase plays a role in food intake behaviour and energy balance regulation by analysing body weight, body composition and food intake in genetically modified mice that either lack or overexpress heparanase. We also assessed food intake and body weight following acute central intracerebroventricular administration of heparanase; such treatment reduced food intake in wildtype mice, an effect that was abolished in mice lacking MC4R. By contrast, heparanase knockout mice on a high-fat diet showed increased food intake and maturity-onset obesity, with up to a 40% increase in body fat. Mice overexpressing heparanase displayed essentially the opposite phenotypes, with a reduced fat mass. These results implicate heparanase in energy balance control via the central melanocortin system. Our data indicate that heparanase acts as a negative modulator of AgRP signaling at MC4R, through cleavage of heparan sulfate chains presumably linked to syndecan-3.
Comparative evaluation of community detection algorithms: a topological approach

Community detection is one of the most active fields in complex network analysis, due to its potential value in practical applications. Many works inspired by different paradigms are devoted to the development of algorithmic solutions allowing the network structure in such cohesive subgroups to be revealed. Comparative studies reported in the literature usually rely on a performance measure considering the community structure as a partition (Rand index, normalized mutual information, etc). However, this type of comparison neglects the topological properties of the communities. In this paper, we present a comprehensive comparative study of a representative set of community detection methods, in which we adopt both types of evaluation. Community-oriented topological measures are used to qualify the communities and evaluate their deviation from the reference structure. In order to mimic real-world systems, we use artificially generated realistic networks. It turns out there is no equivalence between the two approaches: a high performance does not necessarily correspond to correct topological properties, and vice versa. They can therefore be considered as complementary, and we recommend applying both of them in order to perform a complete and accurate assessment.