Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study

In 1938 a group of researchers began an intensive longitudinal study of 268 men attending Harvard University. The Harvard Study of Adult Development (also referred to as the Grant Study) was launched to help researchers learn about optimum health and successful aging, and the conditions or factors that promote them. The Grant Study, one of the longest studies of adult development in the world, provides stories of real lives, supported by statistical verification that allows researchers to draw lines between the causes and associations of optimum health. Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study presents this study. Over the course of the study, research questions have changed as well as investigative tools and investigators. The Grant Study has been directed by four generations of scientists, changing the scope of the study from physiology to social psychology, epidemiology and adaptation to relationships and brain imaging. Although the focus of the study has changed over the years, the 75 years of data has helped researchers understand who would live to 90, who would remain physically capable and mentally alert, who would build lasting and happy marriages, and who would achieve success in their careers. George E. Vaillant sums it up nicely: “a prolonged prospective study is a gift that keeps on giving—and surprising. ” Triumphs of Experience shares a number of surprising findings. For example, the people who do well in old age did not necessarily do so well in midlife, and vice versa. While the study confirms that recovery from a lousy childhood is possible, memories of a happy childhood are a lifelong source of strength. Marriages bring much more contentment after age 70, and physical aging after 80 is determined less by heredity than by habits formed prior to age 50. Environmental conditions, parental social class, loss of a parent, or membership in a dysfunctional family appear to be less important in promoting healthy adult development in later life than having positive coping strategies and relationships. Over time the Grant Study has accumulated evidence about the developmental effects of alcohol abuse and found that alcohol abuse is a strong predictor of shortened lifespans and divorces.
Rates of weight gain during specialised inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa

ABSTRACT Background: Guidelines for anorexia nervosa (AN) inpatient treatment suggest weight gain of 0.5–1.0 kg per week, but it is uncertain if this aim is reached in ordinary clinical settings. Aims: To investigate weekly rates of weight gain and associated factors during tertiary AN inpatient treatment. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from hospital records for all underweight patients admitted to a specialised eating disorders unit from 2007 to 2014. Results: 176 hospital stays (mean duration: 25.4 weeks ± 17.2) were included, of which 96% were females, 31% under 18 years old and 17% received compulsory treatment. Mean body mass index (BMI) increased from 14.8 ± 1.8 to 17.5 ± 2.0, and the mean weekly weight gain was 0.51 ± 0.33 kg the first 11 weeks and 0.18 ± 0.24 kg from week 12 to discharge. Significant predictors of greater weekly weight gain were shorter duration of hospital stay, lower BMI at admission and voluntarily treatment. Conclusion: Although patients’ body weight increased substantially, the rate of weekly weight gain was lower than recommended by guidelines for AN inpatient treatment.
Factors that influence the on-going retention of pre-school children aged 0-5 within Childsmile, the national oral health improvement programme for Scotland

Evidence is abundant that oral health inequalities exist in Scotland. Poor oral health is associated with infrequent dental attendance. Those who need this care the most are the least likely to access it. Childsmile Practice is an oral health improvement programme established in 2006 to improve child oral health and help reduce the oral health inequalities being experienced by children in Scotland. One aspect of the programme is the intervention of trained Dental Health Support Workers to facilitate children, aged from birth to five years, to attend dental practices where they will receive Childsmile prevention interventions. The demonstration phase of Childsmile Practice was piloted in three NHS health boards between 2006 and 2009; Ayrshire and Arran, Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and Lanarkshire. Only 47% of children who first attended a Childsmile dental practice appointment during this period returned within twelve months of their initial appointment and retention rates have decreased each year since the programme started. The aims of this study were to identify which factors were associated with retention in Childsmile Practice by developing a model which could be used to predict those children who had the highest probability of returning within twelve months of their first appointment. Univariately significant variables were analysed by multivariate logistic regression to create prediction models. No individual variable was found to predict retention and although a combination of variables (outcome of last scheduled appointment, the age of the child, area-deprivation status, and factors related to the dental practice) could identify those children more likely to be retained, the predictability remained low (c-index = 0.61). Children aged under 6 months when they first attended were significantly the most likely to be retained (p<0.0001, OR = 1.44). The odds of retention were lower if the parent last visited a dentist for pain relief or smoked. Although Childsmile is addressing oral health inequality, there remains inequality with regards to those accessing Childsmile Practice regularly. By tackling this problem, Childsmile has a further opportunity to decrease oral health inequalities in children in Scotland.
NURSES’ PERCEPTION OF PATIENT TEACHING, ENHANCING AND INHIBITING FACTORS

Patient teaching is a critical component of nursing roles, and nurses’ engagement in patient teaching is affected by nurses’ perception of their role as educator, educational preparation, environmental and resource issues . So, to take a look on nurses’ perception of patient teaching plus inhibiting and enhancing factors on it, we performed a cross sectional study, with 259 participants, selected by stratified sampling method, and in order to gather the data questionnaires were used. As a result 95.8% of nurses perceived that patient teaching is an important part of every nurse's responsibility and 95% of them said that patient teaching is a top priority in their career, but they reported that the time consuming nursing duties such as patient care, charting and administering medications, didn’t leave enough time for patient teaching. The top three factors inhibiting patient teaching were staff, time and unavailability of resource material. The top three enhancers were designation of one or two nurses to do teaching, providing time for nurses to do so, and development of more inclusive information guidance sheets to assist them in teaching specific topics. Providing essential resources and in-service education also enhance patient teaching. Besides, direct observation of nurses in clinical area, as they are engaged in patient teaching, is clearly needed. This will provide better understanding of extend to which nurses are able to fulfill their professional mandate in providing patient teaching.
Effect of recruitment and selection practises on retention of teachers in international primary schools in Nairobi county

Recruitment and selection are essential tools in assisting the human resource managers and the entire company to hire the right people and retain them. Whereas a myriad of studies on teacher retention majorly focus only on other HR factors like general employee compensation benefits, the relationship between HR practices and employee retention in organisations, minor focus has been shed on the effect of recruitment and selection on retention of teachers especially in the international primary schools. Occasioned by the aforementioned gap in local literature, the present study sets out to evaluate the Effect of Recruitment and Selection Practices on Retention of teachers in International Primary Schools in Nairobi County. This study took the descriptive research design. The population in this study is all of the 50 listed international primary schools in Nairobi County. A sample size of 128 respondents in various positions across the top and middle work levels was sampled proportionately from the institutions. The study used primary data which was largely quantitative, collected by use of questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was in data analysis. Descriptive analysis involved the use of frequencies in their absolute and relative forms (percentage) whereas inferential statistics showed the nature and magnitude of relationships established between the independent and dependent variables using regression analysis to make inferences from the data collected to more generalized conditions. Mean and standard deviations were also be used as measures of central tendencies and dispersion respectively. Both Pearson Correlation and regression analysis were performed in inferential statistics Findings on the effect of recruitment on retention it was concluded that recruitment channels meaningfully influence retention in international primary schools in Nairobi County, key among them of which include; personal connections, institution websites, Press media (e.g. newspapers or magazines) and public agencies. The outcomes further reveal that Selection Practices significantly influence retention of teachers in international primary schools in Nairobi County, majorly through such channels as interviews, IQ tests, personality tests and work sample tests and job knowledge tests. The study also concludes that to a large extent, aspects of employee retention influence teacher retention in international primary schools in Nairobi County key aspects of which include; good system of establishing productive communications between employees and senior management, existence of a corporate code of the institution and provision of employment benefits.
Letting go [editorial]

This article puts together past literatures on issues concerning adolescent health. The intention is to clearly define rather than simply describe problems and point out solutions or interventions for these problems. Contributory authors like Lieberman and Feierman focus on the changes and evolution in laws and regulations governing medical care of adolescents. Cohall et al. focus on violence experiences during dating and present interventions suitable for school and health care settings. The importance of societal conventions in shaping teenage womens views of themselves is pointed out by Tolman in her discussion of adolescent sexual health. Moreover Diaz offers suggestions for countries with limited expenditures for health in general and for the health of adolescent women specifically. Roberts also highlights the poor health status of young African-American women. Brindis contribution documents the current decreases in rates of unprotected sexual intercourse and refers to elements of successful programs. Furthermore various approaches are offered to decrease major health threats to young women.
Relationships between Quality of Life and Selected Resident and Facility Characteristics in Long Term Care Facilities in Canada

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi DEDICATION viii LIST OF FIGURES xvi LIST OF TABLES ixvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xix 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Search Strategy 4 1.2 Purpose of Study and Research Questions 5 1.3 Potential Benefits of Study 6 1.4 Overview of Study Proposal 7 2.0 Concept of Quality of Life 8 2.1 Defining Quality of Life 8 2.2 Domains of Quality of Life 13 2.3 Determinants of Quality of Life 17 2.3. 1 Socio-Demographic Determinants 18 2.3. 2 Health and Functioning Determinants 22 2.3. 3 Psychosocial Determinants 24
Tobramycin Blood Levels of CAPD Patients during Peritonitis

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been a successful treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) for over three years now (I). Although the incidence of peritonit is is declining (2), it remains a significant cause of morbidity and occasionally mortality. The majority of organisms causing peritonitis are gram positive but, until a positive identification can be obtained, it has been our policy to use a combination of intraperitoneal (IP) cephalothin and tobramycin as initial treatment in these patients (3). We give a loading dose of cephalothin ( I g) and tobramycin ( 1.7 mg/kg BW) in the first two-liter CAPD exchange, and continue with a maintenance dose of cephalothin (500 mg) and tobramycin ( 16 mg) in each subsequent two-liter exchange. Previous workers (4) have recommended that tobramycin be given intravenously in the treatment of bacterial peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients. We studied 20 patients treated by the above protocol for intra-abdominal infections to determine the need for intravenous tobramycin therapy. They were all on CAPD using 4 x twoliter exchanges per day, mean weight 61 . 2 &plusmn; 2.2 kg (range 46-82 kg) and with a mean residual creatinine clearance of 0.9 ml/min (range 0-4 ml/min). The mean duration of tobramycin therapy was 3.9 days (range 2 to 10 days). Figure I shows the mean tobramycin levels in these patients measured by immunoassay (Emit, Syva Diagnostics) taken within six hours, one, two, three, four and five days, and the decline in tobramycin levels after stopping IP administration in eight of these patients. We have also calculated the decline of tobramycin serum levels, assuming equilibrium of dialysis, volume of distribution in peritoneal dialysis patients of 36% ( 4) and protein binding of 0% (5) . Although the calculated and actual half-life is the same (48 hours), there may be inaccuracies in the calculated value due to residual renal clearance, non-renal clearance, errors in estimation of volume of distribution, and degree of protein binding. We feel that adequate serum tobramycin levels can be reached and maintained with IP administration alone and that serum levels will be bactericidal for two to three days after cessation of treatment, which may aid early hospital discharge. Basically similar results have been reported by Pancorbo and Comty (6) after a single intraperitoneal dose of gentamicin. If the patient is suspected to have intravascular infection, the equilibration may be too slow (three hours); therefore, the loading dose may be given intravenously. One point worthy of further study is whether sustained serum tobramycin levels of 5-6 ug/ml, particularly in combination with cephalothin, are nephrotoxic. This may seem unimportant in ESRD patients on dialysis but their residual renal function is important as a further decline in creatinine clearance may necessitate an increase in the number of exchanges performed per day to maintain biochemical stability and good health (7). We have not observed any clinical ototoxicity in these patients . P. Williams R. Khanna H. Simpson S. I. Vas
Impact of Family Breakdown on Children’s Well-Being: evidence review. DSCF Research Report No. DCSF-RR113

The views expressed in this report are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department for Children, Schools and Families. Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Department for Children, Schools and Families for this study, although the views expressed in this report are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department for Children, Schools and Families. This study was carried out as part of the Thomas Coram Research Unit's programme of responsive research for the Department for Children, Schools and Families. This provides a facility for government policy makers to request small-scale, exploratory studies on issues of immediate policy relevance. Such work is carried out by experienced researchers in accordance with sound research principles. It is, however, important when reading and using reports from responsive programme studies to bear in mind the limited time and resources available for each piece of work. Responsive programme studies are particularly useful in bringing together diverse evidence, 'scoping' a new field, and providing a basis for more substantive in-depth research where this appears to be necessary. ii Executive Summary Introduction Demographic and social changes in the last three decades have resulted in families that are more diverse and complex in their structure. More couples are cohabiting and becoming parents, though the risk of parental separation among this group is higher than among married parents; divorce rates have remained relatively constant and the number of stepfamilies is growing fast. Children now have a higher probability of experiencing parental separation, having a lone parent, and being part of a stepfamily than was once the case. The impact this experience has on children is a key issue for policymakers since although the government wants to support stable relationships between parents, where they break down there is a responsibility to provide support to optimise positive outcomes for children. As a consequence, the Thomas Coram Research Unit, under the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) funded responsive programme, was commissioned to undertake a review of the impact of parental separation and divorce on children's well-being and development, to inform the PMSU / DCSF childhood project and policy development in this area. The overall aim of the review was to highlight key findings concerning the antecedents, processes and sequelae of family breakdown and its impact on children, while giving due weight to the complexities of the topic, the strength of …
Measurement of Interrupter Respiratory Resistance and Spirometry in Preschool Children: Influence of Respiratory Symptoms

Pulmonary function tests play an important role in the diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases in children. The purpose of the study was to evaluate lung function using the interrupter resistance technique (Rint) and spirometry (flow-volume and volume-time) in preschool children and to correlate the findings with respiratory symptoms. We studied 103 children (65 males, 38 females; mean age 5.2±0.7 years; range 3.6–5.8). For each child we collected family history concerning: respiratory diseases, skin prick tests, smoking during maternal pregnancy, history of gestational and neonatal period. All children performed lung function tests (Rint and spirometry) and skin prick test for inhalant and food allergens. Twenty-eight subjects (27.2%) had respiratory symptoms (RS). Expiratory Rint were performed in all subjects and spirometry was carried out on 76 children (73.8%). Spirometric indices were not statistically different between subjects without respiratory symptoms (controls) and RS children except for FEF25–75 expressed as a percentage of the predicted value (RS: 81.5±13.7% vs controls: 94.5±15.8%; p <0.001). Rint mean values were significantly higher in RS children than in controls (RS: 135.6 ±24.8% vs controls: 102.4 ±21.7%; p< 0.0001). We found a statistically negative correlation between Rint and the following Spirometric indices: FEV0.5 (R= −0.696; p < 0.0001), FEV, (R= − 0.728; p < 0.0001) and FEF25–75 (R= −0.681; p < 0.0001). In preschool children with respiratory disease we found significantly higher mean values of Rint and lower FEF25-75 than in the control group and a significant negative relationship between Rint and Spirometric indices.
Profile of Mutilation-Murder in Northern Medico-legal Jurisdiction of Himachal Pradesh, India

Although the mutilation-murders are rare, but sudden outbreak of such cases over one year period (May2011-April2012) in Northern Medico-legal Jurisdiction of Himachal Pradesh (India) has put distrust on the security system in the state and have left the public with volte-face due to escalation of the hideous crime in the society. The purpose of this study was to provide an analysis of the mutilationmurders. Among total mutilation-murders all were of ‘defensive type’ executed through both active (cut-off parts, incineration) and passive (animal gnawing, decomposition) means of mutilation. Among all victims 77.78% are female victims of 18-40years age group; absolute identification could be established in 33.33% cases, which were the local inhabitants and being killed by their lovers and acquaintance in rainy and summer season by means of mechanical asphyxia and were involved in illegitimate sexual relationships. Six of them remained un-identified; this fact is suggestive of need of DNA profiling based identity card of the citizens to conquer the objective of mutilation-murder in the society.
Assessment and Identification of Precipitating Factors of Heart Failure in 140 patients In Immam Khomeini Hospital of Sari in 1376-77

هدیکچ و هقباس فده : زور شیازفا هب هجوت اب یفرط زا دشاب یم یبلق نارامیب گرم و یرتسب تلع نیرتعیاش یبلق ییاسران یبلق ییاسران نارامیب ددجم ندش یرتسب للع تسا هدش یعس یسررب نیا رد هتشذگ ههد ود هب تبسن یبلق ییاسران نوزفا دریگ رارق هعلاطم دروم . تسا هدوب نارامیب نیا رد یبلق ییاسران هدننک دیدشت لماوع نییعت یسررب نیا رد هتکن نیرتمهم . اه شور و داوم : دش یرتسب رامیب لهچ و دصکی رب یمومع گرزب ناتسرامیب کی رد یبلق ییاسران صیخشت اب ه ساسا New data و case study دنا هتفرگ رارق هعلاطم دروم رگن هدنیآ شور هب و . لماش هعلاطم دروم یرامآ هنومن 111 و درم رامیب 29 دادعت نیا زا هک دنا هدوب نز رامیب 44 و نادرم دصرد 38 دصرد ر هیقب و نیشنرهش نانز دنا هدوب ییاتسو . دارفا طسوتم نس ) 2 / 12 ± 8 / 64 ( تسا هدوب . مئلاع عورش رظن زا نامز طسوتم 8 / 3 دنا هدش یرتسب ناتسرامیب رد رابراهچ نارامیب طسوتم روطب تدم نیا رد،هدوب لاس . جیاتن : هدش نارامیبددجم ندش یرتسب هحیتنرد و یبلق ییاسران ناربج مدع ثعاب هک هدننکدعتسم لماوع رد دوب 76 / 97 ای و مامت فرصم مدع ای و ییاذغ میژر تیاعر مدع تروصب هچ نامرد لوبق مدع هک تسا هدش ییاسانش نارامیب دصرد رد مه اب دراوم نیا یود ره ای و هدش زیوجت یوراد زا یتمسق 6 / 38 نیرتعیاش ناونعب و دیدرگ هدهاشم نارامیب دصرد هتخانش یبلق ییاسران هدننکدعاسم روتکاف دش . عویش بیترت هب رگید هدننک دعتسم لماوع : یمنآ ) 35 دصرد ( یمتیرآ ، ) 33 دصرد ( هدشن لرتنک و هتفای شیازفا نوخراشف ، ) 22 دصرد ( یویر تنوفع، ) 21 دصرد ( بسانمان یوراد زیوجت، ) 15 دصرد ( یناور و یحور سرتسا ) 15 دصرد ( داح سوتکرافنا ، ) 4 / 6 دصرد ( دح زا شیب یکیزیف تیلاعف ، ) 3 / 4 دصرد ( ترفاسم ینلاوط ) 9 / 2 دصرد ( هیر زا ریغب ءاضعا ریاس یاهتنوفع ، ) 2 دصرد ( زوکیسکوتوریت و کینژورتایا للع ، ) عویش اب مادکره 2 دصرد ( یبلقریغ یرامیب دیدشت و امولیم لپیتلوم ، ) 7 / 0 دصرد . ( جاتنتسا : اربج مدع و دیدشت تلعب ار یناتسرامیب شریذپ میهاوخب رگا هدش نایب یاهرامآ هب هجوت اب یبلق ییاسران ن عاونا ندناسانش و هدش زیوجت یاهوراد فرصم رد دیکأت شور نیرت ارجا لباق و نیرت هداس زا یکی میناسرب لقادح هب ار دشاب یم نارامیب نیا رد کمن مک میژر تیاعر و ییاذغ میژر دروم رد مزلا یاه هیصوت و رامیب هب یفرصم یوراد .
Welfare aspects of chick handling in broiler and laying hen hatcheries

Six commercial hatcheries were visited in the United Kingdom, three of which processed laying hen chicks and three of which processed broiler chicks. The accelerations experienced by the chicks passing through the handling systems were evaluated using miniature data logging accelerometers, which were sent through the systems. The lengths, speeds, and heights of drops of the pathways within each system were also measured. The response of the chicks to the handling was measured in terms of mortality, orientation, righting time (as a measure of disorientation) and tonic immobility. The study showed there to be a range in the physical severity of handling across the hatcheries that could also be seen in terms of differences in the measurements made on the chicks. Nonetheless, the welfare of the chicks passing through the automated systems appeared to be generally acceptable. However, given the velocities and accelerations within these handling systems, there is scope for considerable damage to the chicks, and for poor welfare, if systems are not properly set up or maintained.