Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient Profiles and Treatment Outcomes at Tuberculosis Directly Observed Therapy Short-Course Clinic: Prospects for Closing Potential Gaps

Introduction: Tuberculosis is the most important cause of mortality from a distinct singular infective agent decimating more people than human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Numerous interventions such as STOP TB and END TB have been developed in order to check the upward drift of the global burden of tuberculosis however an increase in the incidence still persists in Africa. Objectives: This study described the profiles and treatment outcomes of patients who received treatment for tuberculosis at a DOTS clinic in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria. Methodology: In this cohort study, information for a serial 146 cases of tuberculosis seen between January, 2012 and December, 2015 at the DOTS centre of a tertiary hospital in Delta State was analysed using SPSS version 22 and Program for Epidemiologists (PEPI). Inferences were drawn using Fishers exact, chi square, and student’s t test; all at α < 0.05. Results: The mean age of patients was 30.8 ± 19.4 years and male to female ratio was 3:2. Pulmonary tuberculosis was seen in 74.7% of patients while Pott’s disease, being the most common form of extra-pulmonary TB, was the diagnosis in 44.5% of extra-pulmonary cases. There was no association between sex of patient and type of tuberculosis. Most patients (88.4%) were new cases, the majority (77.4%) had chest X-rays and it was the most common investigation used for decision making as three-quarters (75.3%) of patients had results suggestive of TB compared to AFB which 73.3% of patients did but only 32.9% had positive results. Less than a fifth (17.2%) of the entire tuberculosis patients tested positive for HIV: its prevalence was higher in female patients (27.6%) than in males (10.2%). Both sexes achieved significant weight gains during the course of treatment: the mean increase being greater in males than in females (3.61 kg vs. 2.21 kg); p < 0.001. Death rate among patients, during the course of treatment, was 12.7%, while cure rate at completion among those with complete data was 68.3%. Loss to follow was 4.8%. Outcome measures were estimated on only available data which was incomplete for over half of all patients, 83 (56.8%).
IN SILICO STUDIES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL REPELLENT COMPOUNDS IN TAGETES ERECTA AGAINST THE ODORANT BINDING PROTEIN OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

Mosquito borne diseases are the major sources for death in developing countries. Control of mosquitoes is important in the present day with increase in number of mosquito borne illnesses. DEET is the active ingredient in insect repellent products and has been found to inhibit the activity of central nervous system, enzyme acetylcholinesterase, in both insects and mammals and is therefore harmful. The use of botanical derivatives in mosquito control as an alternative to synthetic insecticides is more eco-friendly. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the potential ability of the four selected repellent compounds, viz., Cis-ocimene, Lutein, Beta carophyllene and Piperitone of Tagetes erecta against the Odorant Binding Protein (PDB id 2L2C) of Culex quinquefasciatus. The results revealed that, Cis-ocimene showed good docking scores against the Odorant Binding Protein 2L2C and molecular dynamics confirmed the stability of the protein-ligand bonding. Further research is needed to develop new repellents from substance of natural origin that can offer effective mosquito management to reduce the indiscriminate use of harmful chemical insecticide.
Sublethal effect of certain insecticides on biological and physiological aspects of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

The toxicity and sublethal effects of three bioinsecticides; (spinosad; spinetoram and emamectin benzoate) and two insect growth regulator; (flufenoxuron and triflumuron) on some biological and physiological aspects were evaluated using a laboratory strain of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) 4 larval instar. On bases of LC50 values, emamectin benzoate was the most toxic insecticides followed by flufenoxuron while spinosad was the least toxic one.Triflumuron and spinetoram had a moderate effect. There was a negative relationship between the time elapsed post treatment and the LC50 values for all the tested insecticides.The treatment of the 4 th instar larvae with LC25 values of the tested insecticides increased the larval, pupal duration and malformed pupae and decreased the percentage of pupation,adult emergence and egg hatchability compared to the control. Also, the tested insecticides at LC50 concentration reduced food consumption, larval growth rate, efficiency of converting ingested and digested food into body tissue. In contrast, all the tested insecticides did not significantly affect on approximate digestibility except emamectin benzoate as its effect increased. Thus, the tested boinsecticides and IGRs could be used into integrated pest management programs of any crop. [El-Naggar, Jehan, B.A. Sublethal effect of certain insecticides on biological and physiological aspects of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Nat Sci 2013;11(7):19-25]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub. net/nature. 4
Nanostructured Clay (NC) and the Stabilization of Lateritic Soil for Construction Purposes

The use of Nanostructured Clay additive in lateritic soil stabilization and their effect at different percentages on the natural soil was investigated. The preliminary tests on the soil showed it was an A-2-7 soil, according to AASHTO classification. The soil sample was also observed to be silty clayey sand and the general rating as a sub-grade material was ‘GOOD’. The consistency limits result shows that the value of the LL for the natural soil is 47% and 25.15% was recorded for the plastic limit (PL) and finally the PI was 21.85% i.e. highly plastic soil. Further, the effect of the addition of NC in the proportions of 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% by weight of the stabilized Umuntu Olokoro lateritic soil was investigated. The consistency limits results showed that the addition of variable proportions of NC considerably improved the plasticity of the stabilized soil which gave 13.8%; a medium plastic material at 15% NC addition, compared to the preliminary result of 0% by weight additive which gave 21.85%; a highly plastic material. The strength properties’ test showed significant improvements with the addition of NC; CBR test result recorded 29% at 15% by weight proportion of NC which satisfies the material condition for use as sub-base material and the UCS test results similarly improved consistently and recorded a maximum UCS of 340.18kN/m 2 at 15% by weight proportion of NC addition which satisfies “very stiff” material consistency for use as sub-base material. With the foregoing, the addition of various proportions of NC to the stabilized lateritic soil has presented to be a Geotechnical solution to the varied environmental failures on the road pavements. Hence NC satisfies all the material conditions for use as a sub-base material for the stabilization and improvement of the strength characteristics of lateritic soils. Finally, we call on the relevant agencies to use NC as an additive in stabilizing weak lateritic soils for use as either sub-grade or sub-base materials to save both cost and the structural failures on the roads in south eastern Nigeria. Keywords: Environmental Geotechnics; Pavement Geotechnics; Soil Stabilization; Weak Lateritic Soil; South Eastern Nigeria.
Phytochemicals and biological testing of Syzygium guineense seeds extract against Ascaris suum and five pathogenic microbes

This work is a continuation of our previous study where the crude ethanolic extract of Syzygium guineense seeds demonstrated anthelmintic activity against a non pathogenic worm Pherithema posthuma.The current work aimed at confirmation of anthelmintic activity using the pathogenic worm Ascaris suum, determination of antimicrobial activity and qualitative phytochemical analysis. Anthelminthic activity was confirmed but lower compared to the standard drug Albendazole (API). The extract showed weak to moderate antibacterial and anticandidal activity (MIC values ranging from 0.156 1.25 mg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539), and Candida albicans (ATCC 90025). Detected phytochemical compounds were; steroids, terpenes, flavonoids and tannins. Studies to elucidate the phytoconstituents responsible for the exhibited activities and establishment of safety status by using animal models are ongoing.
ANEMIA AMONG PREGNANTS, A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN BAGHDAD

Objective: The study aimed to measure the percentage of anemia among pregnants attending AL Salam Primary Health Care Center, at AL Amel district. Methods: Across sectional study was conducted on 996 pregnant women attending our Center, in Baghdad, Iraq, from January 2017 to May 2018. Data were obtained from the records regarding hemoglobin level (which was measured by blood analysis) in addition to related socio demographic and obstetric factors. Results: Percentage of anemia in pregnants was found to be 56.8%. Mild anemia had the highest percentage. Most of the anemic women were house wives, with secondary level education and in their second trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: the prevalence of anemia was found to be more than 40%. Age, level of education, occupation and trimester of pregnancy reveal an association with the presence of
Lightweight Phishing URLs Detection Using N-gram Features

—Phishing is a kind of attack that belongs to social engineering and this attack seeks to trick people in order to let them reveal their confidential information. Several methods are introduced to detect phishing websites by using different types of features. Unfortunately, these techniques implemented for specific attack vector such as detecting phishing emails which make implementing wide scope detection system crucial demand. URLs analysis proved to be a strong method to detect malicious attacks by previous researches. This technique uses various URL features such as host information, lexical, and other type of features. In this paper, we present wide scope and lightweight phishing detection system using lexical features only. The proposed classifier provides accuracy of 93% with 0.12 second processing time per URL.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of Gabapentin by Density functional theory

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of Gabapentin (GBT) have been recorded in the region 4000–400 and 3500–100 cm-1 respectively. The optimized geometry, frequency and intensity of the vibrational bands were obtained by the density functional theory (DFT) using 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The harmonic vibrational frequencies were scaled and compared with experimental values. The observed and the calculated frequencies were found to be in good agreement. The UV–visible spectrum was also recorded and compared with the theoretical values. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The Mulliken charges of the molecule were also computed using DFT calculations. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization were analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Information about the charge density distribution of the molecule and its chemical reactivity were obtained by mapping molecular electrostatic potential surface. In addition, the non-linear optical properties were discussed from the dipole moment values and the excitation wavelength in the UV–visible region.
Computed Tomography Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Lung and Mediastinal Lesions

Introduction: Computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology is a safe and well established technique for the diagnosis of lung and mediastinal lesions. This study was carried out in the department of pathology in the tertiary health care and teaching institute where radiology department is well established. The aim was to study the cytomorphology of the spectrum of the lung and mediastinal lesions and to correlate the cytological diagnosis with the radiological diagnosis. Material and methods: Computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology was done in 90 pateints after taking written consent of the patient. Patients were explained the benefits and risks of the procedure. The results were analysed. Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the study. There were 81 patients of lung lesions and nine patients of mediastinal lesions. There were 63(70%) males and 27(30%) females. Adequate aspirate was obtained in 77 patients giving the adequacy rate of 85.55%. Adenocarcinoma was the most common type of lung malignancy and Non Hodgkins Lymphoma was the most common malignancy in the mediastinum. Inflammatory lesions were seen in 13 cases. Granulomatous lesions were found in six patients. One interesting case of hydatid with aspergillosis was diagnosed on cytology smears, which on radiology was diagnosed as neoplastic. Pneumothorax was seen in three patients. No patient required chest tube insertion. Conclusion: Computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology is a safe and reliable method for the diagnosis of lung and mediastinal lesions. It can help in early diagnosis and initiation of the treatment avoiding major surgical procedures.
Laparoscopic Myomectomy in a Tertiary Care Centre in Douala, Cameroon

Objective: To assess the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic myomectomy with single or double-layer closure of myoma bed for management of myomas at a tertiary care centre in Douala, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with large or moderate-size myomas were managed Original Research Article Egbe et al.; BJMMR, 13(7): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BJMMR. 23499 2 laparoscopically from September 1996 to September 2008. The indications for surgery included subfertility, heavy menstrual bleeding, abdominal mass and lower abdominal pain. Pre‐operative evaluation included history, clinical examination and sonographic mapping. Myomas were enucleated and retrieved laparoscopically by morcellation. Myoma beds were sutured in a single or double layer by endoscopic intra-corporeal suturing depending on the depth of the fibroids. Results: Among our patients, 14 (46.7%) presented with subfertility, 8 (26.7%) with heavy menstrual flow and 6 (20%) with abdominal mass. Two (6.7%) presented with lower abdominal pain. The average maximum diameter of myoma was about 8.5 cm. The mean duration of surgery was 123.2±90 min and blood loss was minimal. The mean post-operative stay in hospital was averagely 3.03 days. There were no intra-operative complications recorded among our series and hospital stay was uneventful. Conclusion: With proper single layer closure of the myoma bed, laparoscopic myomectomy is feasible for moderate and even large myomas not more than three fibroids, and has excellent outcomes.
Econometric Model on Population Growth and Economic Development in India: An Empirical Analysis

The debate on the relationship between population growth and economic growth has been undergoing over a long period of time. Economists are turn between three schools of thoughts. The first school of thought view population growth as a factor that adversely affects economic growth. The second school of thought states that population growth stimulates economic growth. While the third school states that population growth is a neutral factor to economic growth. This study developed an Econometric Model taking India as a case study using time series data from 1980 to 2013, aimed at providing additional evidence to the ongoing debate, by employing Johansen Cointegration Test and Vector Error Correction Model to find out whether the relationship between population growth and economic growth is positive, negative or neutral, and whether the relationship is short run or long run. The study further used Granger Causality Test to find out the direction of causality between the variables. During these periods, the study found that the relationship between population growth and economic growth is positive and there exist a unidirectional relation, running from economic growth to population growth. The policy implications of the outcome suggest among other things that, government should take population as virtue by investing more resources in human capital development through quality education, infrastructures as well as encouraging small and medium scale industries to achieve the long run economic growth. ___________________________________________________________________________
ISOLATION OF SOIL FUNGI AND SCREENING OF IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIALITY OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AGAINST PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM

The investigation documented total of 8 fungal inhabitants from the paddy field at Suryamaninagar, Tripura during October 2016 to April 2017. Among them six fungi were identified as Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium oxysporum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride and Curvularia lunata, two unidentified and several sterile mycelia. Seasonal variation and percentage of contribution were analysed and calculated. Among the identified mycoflora except Trichoderma viride all were reported to cause infection in living plant tissue or storage tissue. Trichoderma viride was selected as potent bio control agent to test its influence on the growth of pathogenic fungi Penicillium chrysogenum which is second dominant isolated fungus in this study. The result of dual culture of Trichoderma viride and Penicillium chrysogenum showed the occurence of 55.67% inhibition of mycelial growth of Penicillium chrysogenum. After 7 days onwards it was found that the hyphal tips of Penicillium chrysogenum become disassociated.
Canadian Journal of Agriculture and Crops

Fermented yam flour called „elubo‟ among „Yorubas‟ is a product from yam tubers and is one of the most staple foods in West African countries which provide a good source of carbohydrate for people. Knowledge of the anti-nutritional factors and the physicochemical properties of this flour would reduce the detrimental effects on human health and provide information on their end use quality, thereby leading to increased utilization of the flour. In this study, white yam samples were sorted, blanched and dried in the tunnel dryer at a temperature of 50, 60 and 70°C. The samples were then cooled, milled, sieved and packaged. The results for moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate ranged between (7.32 to 10.74) %, (5.19 to 5.32)%, (3.98 to 4.39)%, (3.02 to 3.78)%, (2.69 to 2.82)%, (73.27 to 75.50)% respectively. The result obtained on swelling power, solubility index, bulk density and water absorption capacity ranged from (4.83-5.21) %, (16.71-16.81)%, (1.01-1.15)g/ml and (143.02-151.50)% respectively. The tannin, saponin and phytate content ranged between (0.37-0.42) %, (2.162.80)mg/100g and (52.23 to 58.48)mg/kg respectively. The thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, energy property also ranged from (2.81-2.95) x107 m2/s, (1.62-1.75) kJ/kgk, (0.170.21) W/mK and (1497.91 kJ 1549.68) kJ respectively. The results showed that drying of „elubo‟ at 70°C produced better quality in terms of reduction in moisture content and anti-nutritional factors, high values in functional properties and also high energy values.
Comparison between Using of Vaccination versus to Application of Anticoccidial Drugs in Prevention of Coccidiosis in Broilers under Field Conditions

Poultry production in Egypt still relies heavily in prevention of coccidiosis on adding anticoccidial drugs to feed. In the present study the efficacy and benefits of coccidiosis prevention in broilers by using of vaccination versus to application of anticoccidial drugs was evaluated under field condition. The study involved twelve broiler flocks reared under field condition and housed in farms its housing capacity ranged from 10,000 to 39,000 birds / farm and all flocks were reared on deep litter system. Six farms ( F1 F6 ) used anticoccidial vaccine (vaccinated) (live oocysts vaccine of broiler, Coccivac-B) at three days old by spraying on feed which was free from any feed additives and the other six farms (F7 F12 ) used different anticoccidial drugs (medicated) as preventive measure in a regular or irregular programs. Clinical signs, dropping scores, mean lesion scores, mortality %, oocyst counts (totals of all species per gram) and production indices were parameters which investigated at 21, 28 and day before slaughter (DBSL) for evaluation of performance and the efficacy level of prevention of coccidiosis. Our results revealed that 1Clinical signs, dropping scores and mean lesion scores in both vaccinated and medicated farms were statistically non-significantly different and reduced in comparing with recorded clinical coccidiosis. 2The mortality % was 3.9 (vaccinated) and 5.8 (medicated). 3Oocyst counts of vaccinated farms peaked rapidly at 21 day of age, while the oocyst counts of the medicated farms had a delayed peak at 28 days of age. 4The production performance expressed in the following parameters, mean live body weight (MBW) was 1.87 (vaccinated) and 1.98 (medicated) (P>0.05), the viability % (V%) was 92.8 (vaccinated) and 92.75 (medicated), feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 1.83 (vaccinated) and 1.90 (medicated) (P>0.05), average slaughter age was 40.33 (vaccinated) and 43.17 (medicated), and the mean of production index (PI) was 235 (vaccinated) and 225 (medicated). The results proved that vaccination with live oocysts elicited significant protection against coccidiosis (naturally acquired coccidial infection), while maintaining good bird flock performance similar to, if not better than, that obtained with conventional anticoccidial medication. [Khelfa D.G. , Sayed K.S. , Mohammed M.A, Enas.S. Abdel-azize Comparison between Using of Vaccination versus to Application of Anticoccidial Drugs in Prevention of Coccidiosis in Broilers under Field Conditions. Journal of American Science 2011;7(9):869-881]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.