Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Analysis of the Variables Involved in the Frequency and Severity of Traffic Accidents on Rural Highways in Pernambuco

Traffic safety depends on a lot of factors associated with traffic accidents and where it takes place. Analyzing how variables related to traffic accidents influences on its frequency and severity may help on the proposition of significant improvement to the effective reduction of said accidents. The goal of this research is to analyze the impact of contributing factors to traffic accidents of any kind, reducing the number of variables related to the statistic model, adjusting it to the brazilian reallity. The methodology was applied in a case study in a 255km patch of a simple lane countryside highway in the state of Pernambuco. Statistics trials were taken to quantify its possible effects on the frequency and severity of traffic accidents. The analysis showed significant factors that contribute to the frequency and severity of the observed accidents. These factors were the amount of traffic (VDMA), radius of the horizontal curve, greide, age range and day of the week. Even though most of the accidents happened in tangent patches, the most severe accidents take place in turns. It also shows that young people between 18 and 30 years old are 22,7% more likely to get involved in fatal accidents than adults over 50 years old, and that in the weekends the chances of an accident occuring is 67% higher than during a week day. The analysis may be used to provide information on future reviews of parameter selection guidelines, especially regarding turns, based on the main parameters of the highway design to reduce risk of accidents in turns.
Influence of Gender on Some Red Cell Indices, L-Arginine and D-dimer in Malaria Parasite Severity amongst Children Resident in Rivers State, Nigeria

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of gender on malaria parasite severity in children resident in Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design: The study was cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria, between the month of March and August 2020. Methodology: A total of 822 pediatrics (0-16 years), were randomly selected for this study after due parental consent. 5ml of venous blood was collected from each subject: 1ml was dispensed into paediatric EDTA (for haematologic and parasite density) and 4 ml into sodium citrate bottle for L-arginine assay by ELISA-method, while Full blood count was determined using haematological auto-analyser, Mindray BC-6800. Malaria density was determined by microscopic method using thick and thin Giemsa stained blood smears. Level of significance was set at P<0.05. Original Research Article Akwuebu et al.; IJTDH, 42(4): 46-53, 2021; Article no.IJTDH. 67258 47 Results: There was a significant decrease (p<.05) in the mean (41.04±3.80%) neutrophil count in female subject with complicated malaria compared with the control (42.81±0.98%) as against a significant decrease in mean (37.71±0.96%) neutrophil count of female subject with uncomplicated malaria. A significant decrease in neutrophil (28.05±3.37%) of male subjects with complicated malaria and uncomplicated malaria (36.10±0.79%) was seen when compared to control (44.32±0.88%). Again, a significant decrease (p<.05) in eosinophil count of female with complicated malaria (3.32±0.74%) was seen when compared with the control subject (3.81±0.19%) and no significant difference was seen in female subjects with uncomplicated malaria (3.62±0.19%) when compared with the control. A significant increase in eosinophil was seen in male subjects with complicated malaria (4.47±0.66%) and uncomplicated malaria (4.52±0.16%) when compared with the control (3.88±0.17%). There was observed a significant difference (p<.001) in the mean Larginine values of female subjects with complicated (39.22±9.57pg/ml) and uncomplicated (65.13±2.41 pg/ml) malaria compared with the control (42.85±2.48 pg/ml). However, no significant difference was seen in male subjects with complicated (33.21±8.49) and uncomplicated (45.51±2.00 pg/ml) malaria when compared with control (47.97±2.21 pg/ml). Also, a significant difference (p<0.0019) was seen between the mean D2D values of female subjects with complicated (6436.64±568.94 pg/ml) and uncomplicated (2824.55±143.46 pg/ml) malaria among the study subjects as against the control (1866.39±147.35 pg/ml). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed a trend between gender and malaria type did not significantly change haematological parameters with the exception of the immune cells such as NEU, LYM, and EOS. However, a significant increase in L-arginine among female subjects was seen indicating a faster rate of malaria clearance.
Educational Expansion and Economic Growth Nexus in Pakistan: Instrumental Variable Approach

This study examines the relationship between economic growth and the expansion of education in Pakistan. The study utilizes 2SLS and GMM estimators to estimate the growth equations with a potential issue of endogeneity using data for the period 1973-2018. Empirical results show that educational expansion at the primary and secondary level effect economic growth positively. The evidence is quite compelling that the effect of educational expansion on economic growth is low due to the poor quality of education. Also, the lower effect of physical capital is due to lower human capital embodied in the labor force.
Evaluation of Some Economical Traits of Commercial Friesian Cows Herd Raised in Egypt

This study conducted to evaluate some of non-genetic and genetic parameters that affect the productive and reproductive traits. Total of 3596 records of 1021 Holstein Friesian cows in the first five parities were collected during the period from 2002 to 2016 from a commercial farm. The details values of productive traits (total milk yield (TMY, kg), lactation period (LP, day) and dry period (DP, day)), as well as, details values of reproductive traits (days open (DO, day), number of services per conception (NSC), age at first calving (AFC, months) and calving interval (CI, day)) were considered. The effects of season of calving and parity on productive and reproductive traits were also examined. The results revealed that the season of calving and parity had significant effect on all the studied traits. Heritability estimates for TMY, LP, DP, DO, CI, NSC and AFC are 0.110, 0.089, 0.071, 0.100, 0.103, 0.123 and 0.168, respectively. The phenotypic correlations of all studied traits were positive and ranged from 0.016 to 0.989, except that between TMY and all the reproductive traits as well as DP were negative. The values of genetic correlations among all studied productive and reproductive traits were positive and ranged from 0.031 to 0.998, except DP and TMY was negative. The present study is an effective way for using in improving programs for milk yield of Holstein Friesian cows in commercial farms.
INCENTIVES IN CHINA’S HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

The economic approach of comparative and historical institutional analysis (Aoki 2001, Greif 2006) has virtually never been used in theoretical studies of healthcare incentives. This paper seeks to help fill this gap by exploring the explanatory power of such an approach for understanding incentives in China’s healthcare delivery system. It focuses on positive analysis of why China’s health system incentives evolved the way they did. The first section analyzes the institution of physician dispensing (MDD) and reforms toward separation of prescribing from dispensing (SPD), in historical and comparative perspective. It shows, for example, how MDD was a self-reinforcing institution; the longer a society remains under MDD, the higher the associated costs of supplier-induced demand can be before implementing SPD becomes the efficient self-enforcing social institution. Rapid technological change and adoption of universal coverage are likely to trigger SPD reforms. The second section seeks to explain the pattern and impact of price regulation and hospital payment reforms in contemporary China, which also reflect the legacy of MDD.
Proportion of Pneumoconiosis in Limestone Mining Workers In Citatah Village, West Bandung District

Background: Silica, asbestos, and coal dusts correlate with pneumoconiosis in mineworkers. The International Labor Organization (ILO) reported that 30-50% of workers in developing countries were diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. This study aimed to identify pneumoconiosis among limestone workers in Indonesia. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 73 limestone mineworkers from two limestone mining sites in Citatah Village, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia, as the subjects. Two out of three AIR-Pneumo-certified blinded readers decided the conclusive chest x-ray (CXR) report of pneumoconiosis for each subject according to the ILO guidelines. Results: Pneumoconiosis was found in 11/73 (15.1%) subjects. The median age of pneumoconiosis group was older compared to the non-pneumoconiosis group (51 [33-63] vs. 37.5 [18-85] years old, P=0.013). All subjects in the pneumoconiosis group were of> 6 years of working duration (P=0.001). The dust concentration was higher at the mining site of the pneumoconiosis group compared to the mining site of the non-pneumoconiosis group (61.41±103.98 vs. 14.92±55.17 mg/m, P=0.030). This study showed that working duration and mining site dust concentration were risk factors for pneumoconiosis; however, with no significance (OR=14.6, P=0.999 and OR=7,171, P=0.998, respectively). Conclusion: The proportion of pneumoconiosis in limestone mine workers in this study was 15.1%. Working duration and mining site dust concentration were risk factors for pneumoconiosis; however, no significance was found from this study.
Incorporation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions: A Review

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is initiated for the sake of managing construction projects effectively and efficiently. However, the adoption of BIM in Malaysian construction industry is still low because of lack of awareness among professionals and Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) undergraduates. This paper aims to evaluate the current adoption of BIM in syllabus among higher education institutions (HEIs). The methodology of this paper is based on literature review regarding BIM syllabus adopted in HEIs. The findings reveal that BIM in Malaysia is still lagging in practice and literature taught for academic aspects respectively compared to other developed countries such as United Kingdom and Lithuania. From the current adoption of BIM in Malaysian HEIs syllabus, it can be concluded that fully stand-alone BIM module in Malaysian HEIs is crucial which consequently hampering the production of high-quality BIM expertise that master in methodology and 3D modelling skills.
Smart production of spirulina (Spirulinaplatensis) using supernatant of digested rotten potato (Solanum tuberosum)

The study was conducted to evaluate the culture and growth performance of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) in supernatant of three different amounts of digested rotten potato (DRP), and Kosaric medium (KM) as control in 16 days after 26 days digestion. Three different concentrations such as 20, 40 and 60% of DRP were used. Spirulina was inoculated in supernatant DRP along with 9.0 g/L NaHCO3 and micronutrients, and KM for a period of 14 days. The cell weight of spirulina was attained a maximum of 12.42 ± 0.21 mg/L in KM followed by 8.352 ± 0.21, 6.256 ± 2.34 and 9.505 ± 0.43 mg/L in supernatant of 40, 20 and 60% DRP, respectively on the 10th day of culture. Similar trend was also observed in the cases of optical density, chlorophyll a, total biomass, specific growth rates. Cell weight of spirulina grown in the media were highly significant (p<0.01) and correlated with the chlorophyll a content and total biomass. The growth performance of spirulina grown in supernatant of 60% DRP was significantly higher than that of spirulina grown in supernatant of 20and 40% DRP. Therefore, mass culture of spirulina may be done in supernatant of 60% DRP.
The COVID-19 and earnings management: China’s evidence

This study investigated the relationship between the COVID-19 outbreak and the Chinese listed firms’ earnings management practices. It also examined how this relationship was moderated by the Chinese listed firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the external corporate governance mechanism. The data in this study were mainly retrieved from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR) database and the Chinese Research Data Services Platform (CNRDS). The final sample contained 2,029 A-share firms listed in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, which released financial reports during the pandemic in 2020. The study applied the performance-adjusted Jones and the modified Jones model to calculate accrual-based earnings. To estimate the real activity-based earnings, this study used the following three measurements: The absolute value of the abnormal cash flow from operations, the absolute value of the abnormal production costs, and the absolute value of the abnormal discretionary expenditures. The results of this study indicated an increase in accrualbased earnings management (AEM) and a significant decline in real activity-based earnings management (REM), in firms in the most severely affected regions. In these regions, both AEM and REM were less pronounced for the firms with a higher CSR performance than those with a lower CSR performance. Moreover, firms audited by the Big 10 auditors were less likely to manipulate earnings through AEM or REM.
A Fast and Scalable Heuristic for the Solution of Large-Scale Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems

In this paper, we propose a fast and scalable, yet effective, metaheuristic called FILO to solve large-scale instances of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem. Our approach consists of a main iterative part, based on the Iterated Local Search paradigm, which employs a carefully designed combination of existing acceleration techniques, as well as novel strategies to keep the optimization localized, controlled, and tailored to the current instance and solution. A Simulated Annealing-based neighbor acceptance criterion is used to obtain a continuous diversification, to ensure the exploration of different regions of the search space. Results on extensively studied benchmark instances from the literature, supported by a thorough analysis of the algorithm’s main components, show the effectiveness of the proposed design choices, making FILO highly competitive with existing state-of-the-art algorithms, both in terms of computing time and solution quality. Finally, guidelines for possible efficient implementations, algorithm source code, and a library of reusable components are open-sourced to allow reproduction of our results and promote further investigations.
CFD Simulation of Multiphase Flow by Mud Agitator in Drilling Mud Mixing System

In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation based on an Eulerian-Eulerian approach was used to evaluate the mixing performance of a mud agitator through the distribution of bulk particles. Firstly, the commercial CFD software Star-CCM+ was verified by performing numerical simulations of single-phase water mixing problems in an agitator with various turbulence models, and the simulation results were compared with an experiment. The standard model was selected as an appropriate turbulence model, and a grid convergence test was performed. Then, a simulation of the liquid-solid multi-phase mixing in an agitator was simulated with different multi-phase interaction models, and lift and drag models were selected. In the case of the lift model, the results were not significantly affected, but Syamlal and O’Brien’s drag model showed more reasonable results with respect to the experiment. Finally, with the properly determined simulation conditions, a multi-phase flow simulation of a mud agitator was performed to predict the mixing time and spatial distribution of solid particles. The applicability of the CFD multi-phase simulation for the practical design of a mud agitator was confirmed. Received 1 February 2021, revised 3 March 2021, accepted 11 March 2021 Corresponding author Jong-Chun Park: +82-51-510-2480, jcpark@pnu.edu c 2021, The Korean Society of Ocean Engineers This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution non-commercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: Soil Sorption and Microbial Degradation

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDES) are emerging contaminants commonly used as fire retardants. Their use in a wide variety of products has made them ubiquitous in the environment. PBDEs similarity to other pollutants suggests they will persist in the environment. Little research has been done on actual mechanisms affecting PBDE presence in the environment. Sorption of PBDEs in aging soil systems was studied. Soil composition was not a determinant of sorption. Sorption to soils was reversed by biotic effects of microorganisms and plants. Biodegradation of PBDEs was also examined using sewage bacteria. Rapid degradation of PBDEs was seen in some organisms. While biotic potential for mobilization and degradation of PBDEs exists, their presence in the environment is still increasing. Sorption to soil appears to be the dominant process controlling the fate in the environment.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SUBLINGUAL MISOPROSTOL VERSUS INTRAVENOUS OXYTOCIN INFUSION IN REDUCING BLOOD LOSS IN FIRST TWO HOURS AT CAESAREAN SECTION

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of sublingual misoprostol in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss with that of intravenous (IV) oxytocin infusion in the first two hours at cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The study was conducted in Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lahore unit IV-King Edward Medical University, and the duration of the study was one year. MATERIALS and METHODS Eighty-two women with term singleton pregnancy undergone elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either misoprostol 400 µg sublingually or IV infusion of 20 units oxytocin in 1000ml of normal saline soon after delivery of the baby. Estimated blood loss at the surgery and within the first 2 h post-operation were measured in both groups. Side effects in both groups were also recorded. RESULTS Mean blood loss with misoprostol was significantly less as compared to that of oxytocin. Post-operative hemoglobin was decreased by -4.95% in sublingual misoprostol and in the oxytocin group it was decreased by -9.33%. Blood transfusion and additional uterotonic therapy were significantly higher in the oxytocin group as compared to that of misoprostol. Nausea, vomiting, and hypotension was significantly higher in oxytocin group as compared to that of the misoprostol group. On the other hand, pyrexia and shivering were significantly higher in the misoprostol group. CONCLUSION The results of this trial showed that sublingual misoprostol is more effective as compared to intravenous oxytocin infusion in terms of reduction of blood loss in the first two hours at the cesarean section. It offers several advantages over oxytocin including long shelf life, stability at room temperature, and oral administration which makes it a suitable uterotonic agent in low-resource areas.
Algorithm Visualization and its Impact on Self-efficacy, Metacognition and Computational Thinking Concepts Using the Computational Pedagogy Model in STEM Content Epistemology

The objective of this article is twofold. One objective is the development of models of visualized algorithms (VAs) for three fundamental algorithms, the bubble sort algorithm, the selection sort algorithm and the insertion sort algorithm, using the Easy Java simulations software (Ejs) and the Computational Pedagogy model. The second objective is to investigate: a) VAs impact on learners’ self-efficacy as a general structure, metacognitive experience, critical thinking and motives and b) VAs impact on learners’ self-efficacy relative to Computational Thinking. An intervention in the form of a didactic model was implemented that utilized VAs and the Computational Pedagogy approach. Finally, we argument how VAs can be embedded in the Computational STEM pedagogy approach in teaching and learning sequences through applications related to authentic problems.
Quantitative Analysis of Tree Species Composition and Diversity in Gashaka Gumti National Park Nigeria

Tree species diversity and composition in an area depends on environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, nutrition, sunlight, topography, bedrock geology, soil characteristics, canopy structure and land use history. Tropical rain forests are the most important plant species diversity centers in the world (Turner, 2004). These forests are the richest biological communities on earth and have been recognized to harbor a significant proportion of global biodiversity (Myers et al., 2000; Baraloto et al., 2013). The forests provide many ecosystem services such as species conservation, prevention of soil erosion, and preservation of habitat for plants and animals (Armenteras et al., 2009). The world tropical forests are interestingly diverse; they contain the vast majority of plants and animals and have high genetic resources because of variation in elevation, climate and soil ranging from the steamy jungles of the rain forests to the dry forests and savannas. More than 2.5 million people live in areas adjacent to forests. They rely on forest for their water, fuel wood and other resources (Gebrehiwot, 2003). Biotic factors such as seed quality, seedling survivorship, and recruitment are important in maintaining the tree diversity and composition of tropical forests (Naidu and Kumar, 2016).
Phytochemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Activity of Six Plants Used in Children’s Ailments Treatment in Niger

Resistance phenomena of infectious agents to synthesis drugs and the high cost of these drugs led to medicinal plants as an alternative against infectious disease. The objective of this study is to characterize different classes of secondary metabolites and to test the antibacterial activity of six plants: Bauhinia rufescens Lam, Blepharis linariifolia PERS, Chrozophora brocchiana Vis, Gardenia ternifolia Schum and Thonn, Indigofera astragalina DC, Phyllanthus pentandrus Schumach &Thonn, used in traditional medicine for children treatment. The extracts are obtained by aqueous decoction with the 1/10 model (50 g of each sample in 500 ml of solvent). Phytochemical screening of these six plants was carried out by standards tests, which are reactions of colorations, precipitation and complexation. The agr medium diffusion was used for the sensitivity test of the aqueous extracts of these plants against two strains of bacteria (two isolates of Salmonella typhimurium lettuce and clinical). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, sterols/triterpenes in all tested extracts. All extracts contain saponins except Phyllanthus pentandrus. For free quinones, only Phyllanthus pentandrus and Indigofera astragalina showed a negative test. Among these six plants, five (5) showed an activity on Salmonella typhimurium at 200 mg/mL. C. brocchiana and P. pentandrus showed the best activity on S. typhimurium (lettuce) with 19.5±0.70 mm and 17.5±0.70 mm, respectively. At the concentration of 50 mg/mL, only these two plants are also showed antibacterial activity on S. typhimurium (lettuce). The results obtained indicate that these plants contain some secondary metabolites, some have antimiocrobial activity and constitute a scientific database for the research in the field of phytomedicines. These results will justify the use of these plants in the treatment of some infections.