Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of elastic properties of kerogen

Summary To have good understanding of elastic properties of organic shale, it is fundamental to know the elastic properties of its mineral components. Kerogen is the most important component of organic shale, but information about its elastic properties is scarce. We have measured ultrasonic velocities on 9 laboratory isolated kerogen samples from Green River shale in Colorado. From data measured on both dry and saturated samples, we can invert the bulk modulus of kerogen using the Gassmanm equation, Reuss bound and Voigt bound. The bulk modulus of kerogen is estimated to lie around 3.5-5 GPa. We have also argued that the shear modulus of kerogen is around half of the bulk modulus. Sample description and molding The process of isolating kerogen from source rocks is complicated and time consuming, thus kerogen samples are very precious. For some kerogen samples, only a very tiny amount (less than half of one gram) is available for ultrasonic measurement. The kerogen samples are mostly in the form of powder (Figure 1) and some are in the form of small chunks. The colors vary from brown to black. All the kerogen samples belong to Type I kerogen. These 9 samples are classified into two groups: five samples are brown and appear less oily, which seems to be in early maturation stage; the other four samples are in dark brown to black color and oily, which seems in later maturation stage as shown in Figure 2. And they are all from Green River basin, Colorado. Measurement equipment and procedure
Elemental Profile in Chicken Egg Components and Associated Human Health Risk Assessment

Egg is a food product of high nutritional quality, extensively consumed worldwide. The objectives of this study were the determination of the elemental profile in eggs (egg white, yolk, and eggshell), the estimation of the non-carcinogenic health risk associated with the presence of heavy metals in investigated egg samples, and the development of statistical models to identify the best predictors for the differentiation of egg components. The assessments were carried out in a total set of 210 samples, comprising home-produced and commercial eggs, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results suggested measurable differences amongst hen eggs coming from different husbandry systems. The statistical models employed in this study identified several elemental markers that can be used for discriminating between market and local producer samples. The non-carcinogenic risk related to the consumption of the analyzed egg samples was generally in the safe range for the consumers, below the maximum permitted levels set by Romanian and European legislation. Food contamination is a public health problem worldwide, and the risk associated with exposure to trace metals from food products has aroused widespread concern in human health, so assessing the heavy metal content in food products is mandatory to evaluate the health risk.
North Atlantic climate impact on early late‐glacial climate oscillations in the south‐eastern Alps inferred from a multi‐proxy lake sediment record

High‐resolution multi‐proxy analyses of a sediment core section from Lake Jeserzersee (Saissersee) in the piedmont lobe of the Würmian Drau glacier (Carinthia, Austria) reveal pronounced climatic oscillations during the early late glacial (ca. 18.5–16.0k cal a BP). Diatom‐inferred epilimnetic summer water temperatures show a close correspondence with temperature reconstructions from the adjacent Lake Längsee record and, on a hemispheric scale, with fluctuations of ice‐rafted debris in the North Atlantic. This suggests that North Atlantic climate triggered summer climate variability in the Alps during the early late glacial. The expansion of pine (mainly dwarf pine) between ca. 18.5 and 18.1k cal a BP indicates warming during the so‐called ‘Längsee oscillation’. The subsequent stepwise climate deterioration between ca. 18.1 and 17.6k cal a BP culminated in a tripartite cold period between ca. 17.6 and 16.9k cal a BP with diatom‐inferred summer water temperatures 8.5–10 °C below modern values and a shift from wet to dry conditions. This period probably coincides with a major Alpine glacier advance termed the Gschnitz stadial. A warmer interval between ca. 16.9 and 16.4k cal a BP separates this cold phase from a second, shorter and less pronounced cold phase between ca. 16.4 and 16.0k cal a BP, which is thought to correlate with the Clavadel/Senders glacier advance in the Alps. The following temperature increase, coupled with wet (probably snow‐rich) conditions, caused the expansion of birch during the transition period to the late glacial interstadial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation Of Physical Fitness Factors, Body Mass Index, And Time Spent In Physical Activity Of Aims Maritime Students: Basis In The Preparation Of Agile And Resilient Cadets Onboard

This research aims to assess the current physical fitness status of maritime students and develop strategies to prepare them before their onboarding on international and local vessels. Physical conditioning is identified as the dependent variable, reflecting the general physical functioning and fitness of the respondents. The research hypothesizes that physical activity and BMI also play a significant role in predicting physical conditioning. A total of 212 respondents from the marine transportation and marine engineering programs were included in the study, predominantly male students aged 19-21, classified under the "lower middle-income" socioeconomic category. The results indicate that the respondents perceive themselves as having good muscular condition, flexibility, and body composition. The study reveals positive associations between muscular flexibility and condition, muscular flexibility and physical conditioning, and body composition and physical conditioning. Multiple regression analyses identified muscle flexibility, muscular condition, body composition, BMI, and time spent on physical activity as significant predictors of physical conditioning. Notably, small decreases in body composition and time spent on physical activity were associated with increased physical conditioning, emphasizing the importance of improving these variables to enhance physical health. In conclusion, this research provides insights into the physical fitness status of maritime students and identifies factors influencing their physical conditioning. The study highlights the contributions of muscular flexibility, muscular condition, body composition, physical activity, and BMI in maintaining good physical health among maritime students.
The Saghand Region, Central Iran: U-Pb geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for Gondwana Tectonics

The Saghand area of East-Central Iran exposes rocks that comprise the substratum of the Central Iranian continental terrane, as part of the larger Alpine-Himalayan orogenic system. Our new U-Pb ages and geochemical data from the magmatic, metamorphic and siliciclastic rocks of the Saghand area unravel three main episodes of orogenic activity in the latest Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian, the Late Triassic, and the Eocene. Geologic events in the oldest episode include in chronological order, low- to medium-grade metamorphism, calc-alkaline plutonism, rhyolitic to andesitic volcanism, and widespread trondhjemite emplacement, from 547 Ma to 525 Ma. The Late Triassic event (approximately 220-213 Ma) is characterized by the emplacement of granite-tonalite plutons. The extensive, high-grade metamorphic rocks, migmatites and post-kinematic intrusions of Eocene age (47-44 Ma) occur in a distinct domain, in the western part of the Saghand area. These rocks previously were thought to represent the Precambrian basement of the Central Iranian Terrane. The terminal Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian orogeny in central Iran was related to a broad-scale magmatic arc that developed along the Proto-Tethyan margin of the Gondwanaland supercontinent. The fragmented remains of that margin occur as displaced terranes, including the Central Iranian Terrane, now embedded within the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic system. The newly recognized Late Triassic intrusions of the Saghand area are indicative of a tectonomagmatic episode of possible collisional nature, in accord with the previously identified Early Kimmerian (Cimmerian) event in the region. The extensive Eocene metamorphic and magmatic activities correspond to the early Alpine Orogeny, which resulted from the convergence between Arabian and Eurasian plates, and the Cenozoic closure of the Tethys oceanic tract(s) by subduction.
Biologie, Pêche et Dynamique de la Population de Mulet Blanc (Mugil curema, Valenciennes, 1836) de Pernambuco - Brésil

Les poissons de la famille des mugilides vivent en grand nombre dans les eaux tropicales et subtropicales du monde entier, principalement dans les regions cotieres estuariennes. Dans toutes ces regions, ils sont exploites commercialement. Sur le littoral de l’Etat de Pernambuco (Nord-Est du Bresil), les mulets sont d’une grande importance pour la peche artisanale, particulierement celle de la partie nord de l’etat, ou ces poissons representent environ 60% des debarquements annuels. Parmi les especes de mulets trouvees dans cette zone Mugil curema est la plus abondante, avec une participation de 96% dans les debarquements de mulets. Diverses etudes ont deja ete consacrees au M. Curema de Pernambuco mais de nombreux aspects biologiques et leurs relations avec la peche n’ont pas encore ete analyses. Du fait de l’importance de cette espece et du manque d’information la concernant, cette these a ete proposee dans le but de decrire et de confronter les informations concernant la biologie et la peche de M. Curema. Le but est bien sur d’aider a analyser l’etat de la ressource et de permettre une bonne evaluation du stock.
Dietary fat types consumption association with obesity and coronary indices

Abstract This article aims to study the different dietary fat types associated with obesity and coronary indices. A sample of 491 healthy adults was included in a cross-sectional manner. Dietary fats intake, obesity indices (conicity index (CI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), and weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI)), and cardiovascular indices (cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)) were calculated and studied. Participants with an acceptable intake of omega-3 had a higher BRI score (1⋅90 ± 0⋅06 v. 1⋅70 ± 0⋅06). Participants with an unacceptable intake of cholesterol had a higher CI (1⋅31 ± 0⋅11 v. 1⋅28 ± 0⋅12; P = 0⋅011), AVI (20⋅24 ± 5⋅8 v. 18⋅33 ± 6⋅0; P < 0⋅001), BRI (2⋅00 ± 1⋅01 v. 1⋅70 ± 1⋅00; P = 0⋅003), WWI (11⋅00 ± 0⋅91 v. 10⋅80 ± 0⋅97; P = 0⋅032), and lower AIP (0⋅46 ± 0⋅33 v. 0⋅53 ± 0⋅33; P = 0⋅024). Total fat, saturated fat (SFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake had a significant moderate correlation with AVI and BRI. The monounsaturated fat (MUFA) intake had a significantly weak correlation with CI, AVI, BRI, WWI, and AIP. Cholesterol and omega-6 had weak correlations with all indices. Similar correlations were seen among male and female participants. The different types of fat intake significantly affected obesity and coronary indices, especially SFA and PUFA, as well as omega-3 and cholesterol. Gender and the dietary type of fat intake have a relationship to influence the indicators of both obesity and coronary indices.
DESCRIPTION AND INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE CONDENSATE SERIES: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE BEYŞEHİR-HOYRAN NAPPE

The condensate sequence exposed around Uzumlu-Huglu, about 30 km SW of Beysehir, whose typical section is located in the Boyali Tepe, is one of the best examples of these kind of occurrences in the Beysehir-Hoyran nappes. This pelagic sequence with a total thickness of 25-30 m overlies the platform type limestones and presents a continuous sedimen- tation between Early Jurassic and Late Cretaceous. This condensate sequence, formed by a minimum sedimentation in a wide time interval, is composed of 3 parts from bottom to top: 1- Ammonite bearing with red-nodules (Jurassic: total thickness is 7- 9 m); 2- White, reddish, and multi-colored, radiolarite interbedded, Calpionella sp. and Globigerina sp. bearing limestones (Lower Cretaceous: total thickness is 3-4 m); and 3- Reddish colored, silica banded or noduled, Globotruncana sp. limestones (Upper Cretaceous: total thickness is 15-17 m). The condense character of this pelagic sequence described, is determined by the criteria given below: a- Repetetive deep sea erosional surfaces or hardgrounds. These erosional surfaces are characterized by iron microcrusts and dense filament accumulations which were derived from pelagic lamellibranches (probably Bositra sp.), particularly in Jurassic samples. b- Deep see fractures and the fractures filled with internal sediments. c- The abundance of nanno-organis m in the pelagic matrix; but their poor preservation due to early diagenesis. d- The activities of deep sea and micro-endolithic organisms. Especially, active borings of micro-endolit hic organisms in the Globotruncana sp. sections, e- Excess hardness due to early diagenesis and compression and stilolite in the following diagenetic stages.
Fast, accurate, and cost-effective poultry sex genotyping using real-time polymerase chain reaction

According to The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), demand for poultry meat and eggs consumption is growing consistently since poultry meat and eggs are readily available and cheap source for nutritional protein. As such, there is pressing demand from industry for improved protocols to determine chicken sex, especially in layer industry since only females can lay eggs. Extensive efforts are being dedicated to avoiding male chicks culling by developing in-ovo sexing detection methods. Any established in-ovo detection method will need to be validated by embryo genotyping. Therefore, there is a growing demand for fast, inexpensive, and precise method for proper discrimination between males and females in the poultry science community. Our aim with this study was to develop an accurate, high-throughput protocol for sex determination using small volumes of blood. We designed primers targeting the Hint-W gene within the W chromosome clearly distinguishing between males and females. In the interest of establishing an efficient protocol without the need for gel electrophoresis, crude DNA extraction without further purification was coupled with qPCR. We validated the accuracy of our method using established protocols and gonad phenotyping and tested our protocol with four different chicken breeds, day-nine embryos, day-old chicks and adult chicken. In summary, we developed a fast, cost-effective, and accurate method for the genotyping of sex chromosomes in chicken.
Individual-Based Model use in Marine Policy

ABSTRACT Individual-based models (IBMs) are increasingly used in marine conservation research, making this is an ideal time to assess IBM use in marine policy. IBMs can contribute important information to marine management and policy questions, as they offer complex methods of understanding ecosystems and animal behaviour, by allowing for heterogeneity in both individuals and environments. A review of 108 international peer-review publications utilizing marine IBMs was conducted using Web of Science (WoS). It was determined that 55% of the WoS articles claimed that the IBMs were relevant or important to marine conservation policy or management. A relevant English-language policy document was located for 83% of the IBMs, but only 32% were cited, while 85% of the same policy documents cited a different, non-IBM, modelling method. A separate survey of 175 policy documents from the Government of Canada was conducted. Of the 60 that contained citations, zero documents cited an IBM, while 75% cited a different modelling method. Of 407 webpages reviewed from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the New Zealand Department of Conservation, and the UK Government website, only 4% referenced IBMs. This research demonstrates that, despite claims of usefulness by researchers, IBMs are not used to inform policy, while other model methods are commonly cited. Modellers should not assume that their model will inherently be useful for policy and should instead ensure that they are: 1) addressing a policy need; and 2) making the information accessible to policymakers by crafting a communication plan and/or joining a relevant boundary organization.
Oral Testimony Before the CASAC Ozone Review Panel on the Third Draft Ozone ISA and First Draft Ozone REA

We agree with EPA that the weight of evidence across all available data, including experimental and observational data, is not sufficient to assign a "likely to be causal" classification for cardiovascular effects from shortor long-term ozone exposures because of lack of coherence across the science and weak biological plausibility. There is only suggestive evidence from animal studies of pre-morbidity effects, and this is at levels well above the current ozone standard. The evidence of an association between ozone exposure and cardiovascular mortality is limited and not consistent among epidemiology studies.
Why the Golden Spiral is Golden

Summary It is shown that there is a logarithmic spiral that segments a straight line through its pole in the golden ratio ϕ. This is the same spiral that is often referred to in the literature as the “Golden Spiral” Using the tools of analytic geometry and parametric vector equations, it is shown that the golden spiral is actually a member of a family of spirals defined by a generalized equation. The spirals exist as a continuum defined by a real number q > 1. When q=ϕ, the spiral segments a line through its pole in the golden ratio. That is the characteristic feature that sets it apart from all the other spirals in the continuum.
Optimization of a Protocol for Launching Grapevine Infection with the Biologically Active cDNA Clones of a Virus

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) is the most globally prevalent and destructive disease complex responsible for significant reductions in grape yield and quality as well as wine production. GLRD is associated with several positive-strand RNA viruses of the family Closteroviridae, designated as grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). However, the specific etiological role of any of these GLRaVs in GLRD has not been demonstrated. Even though GLRaV-3 is considered the chief GLRD agent, little is known about the molecular, cellular, and pathological properties of this virus. Such a knowledge gap is due to multiple factors, including the unavailability of biologically active virus cDNA clones and the lack of reliable experimental systems for launching grapevine infection using such clones. In this work, we tested four methods for inoculating tissue-cultured grapevine plantlets with cDNA clones of GLRaV-3: (i) vacuum agro-infiltration; (ii) agro-pricking; (iii) agro-drenching; and (iv) agro-injection. We showed that vacuum agro-infiltration was the most effective of these methods. Furthermore, we examined the impacts of different experimental conditions on the survival and infectivity rate of grapevines after infiltration. To verify the infectivity rate for different treatments, we used RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. We found that humidity plays a critical role in the survival of plantlets after agro-infiltration and that the use of RNA silencing suppressor and dormancy treatment both had strong effects on the infection rates. To our knowledge, the experimental protocol reported herein is the most effective system for launching the infection of grapevine using cDNA clones of grapevine viruses featuring up to a 70% infection rate. This system has strong potential to facilitate grapevine virology research including the fulfillment of Koch’s postulates for GLRD and other major virus diseases as well as identifying the molecular, cellular, and pathological properties of GLRaVs and, potentially, other important grapevine viruses.
Combining Deep Learning with Signal-image Encoding for Multi-Modal Mental Wellbeing Classification

The quantification of emotional states is an important step to understanding wellbeing. Time series data from multiple modalities such as physiological and motion sensor data have proven to be integral for measuring and quantifying emotions. Monitoring emotional trajectories over long periods of time inherits some critical limitations in relation to the size of the training data. This shortcoming may hinder the development of reliable and accurate machine learning models. To address this problem, this article proposes a framework to tackle the limitation in performing emotional state recognition: (1) encoding time series data into coloured images; (2) leveraging pre-trained object recognition models to apply a Transfer Learning (TL) approach using the images from step 1; (3) utilising a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform emotion classification from physiological data; (4) concatenating the pre-trained TL model with the 1D CNN. We demonstrate that model performance when inferring real-world wellbeing rated on a 5-point Likert scale can be enhanced using our framework, resulting in up to 98.5% accuracy, outperforming a conventional CNN by 4.5%. Subject-independent models using the same approach resulted in an average of 72.3% accuracy (SD 0.038). The proposed methodology helps improve performance and overcome problems with small training datasets.
The Cenomanian hiatus in the Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria

Abstract Basal Turonian Ezeaku Sandstone ridges along the Cenomanian hiatus in Afikpo area contain sandstone pebbles, cobbles, and boulders randomly distributed in nearly all the coarsening upward subfacies of the host units. Contacts with the host sandbody are sharp and, in places, lined with solution grooves. Generally, the angular to subrounded clasts have their 2 mm rims ferruginized, are fine to coarse grained and very strongly bioturbated. They are compositionally and texturally more similar to the adjacent Albian Asu River Group sandunits. These characteristics suggest an extrabasinal origin for these marine sandstone clasts. Albian Asu River Group sediments uplifted by the Cenomanian deformation are the most likely source. The general absence of similar clasts towards the eastern palaeostrandline where the primary Cretaceous source rocks lay is consistent with the interpretation. The remarkable parallelism between the trend of the clast outcrops and the axis of the Santonian anticlinorium (NE–SW) suggests the same axial direction for both tectonic phases.
Clay minerals in recent sediments of the continental shelf and the Bay of Cadiz (SW Spain)

A B S T RA C T: The distribution of clay minerals in recent sediments on the continental shelf and in the Bay of C~idiz has been analysed as part of a wider study of sedimentary exchange between the continent and the continental margin. The clay minerals included in the muddy sediments consist mainly of illite, kaolinite, smectite, randomly mixed-layered illite-smectite, chlorite, vermiculite and randomly mixed-layered illite-chlorite. Distribution of the minerals indicates that inheritance from the adjacent continental areas is the most important process involved. The relations between the clay minerals were established by Q-mode and R-mode factor analysis. The main clay mineral associations are: (1) illite-kaolinite, (2) smectite-random mixed-layered illitesmectite, and (3) kaolinite-random mixed-layered illite-smectite-vermiculite. The main sources of sediment supply to the continental shelf are the Guadalquivir and Guadiana rivers. Sediment from these rivers and from the rivers flowing into the Bay of Cfidiz (mainly the Guadalete) is transported to the part of the shelf outside the bay by ebb-tide currents. The path of this outflow to the continental shelf, where the sediment is partially deposited, is influenced by the morphology of the coast and by hydrodynamic processes.