Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tweet, Set, Match: Negotiating the Boundaries of Digital Technologies in Elite Tennis

This article attempts to examine the highest tier of elite tennis through a technological lens in order to understand the several imbrications of tennis and technology in Grand Slam events. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, this article studies the version of tennis that exists today—replete with RFID chips, screen interfaces, more powerful racquets than ever before and the ubiquity of social media. As the relationship between players and fans, organisers and visitors, and even gameplay and umpiring have evolved to allow the use of several technologies, Grand Slam tennis has embraced the era of social media and technologically mediated sport. This article views this transformation through the lens of Science Technology and Society in order to better understand the influence that technologies have in shaping the relationships between spectators, players, matches, tournaments and indeed the sport itself.
Multiple-depth modeling of soil organic carbon using visible–near infrared spectroscopy

Abstract This paper evaluates the capability of visible-near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy to estimate soil organic carbon (SOC) at multiple depths including 0–15, 15–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm. Four modeling algorithms, namely partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest (RF) were implemented calibrated to process the spectroscopy data. Overall, 120 soil samples were taken from 30 profiles at the depth of 0–80 cm. We implemented the four models considering different pre-processing techniques including Savitzky-Golay first deviation (SGD), normalization (N), and standard normal variate transformation (SNV). Results revealed that the RF model outperformed other models and the highest accuracy was reached with no pre-processing for all depths excluding 40–60 cm, where the R2 and RMSE were between 0.55–0.77 and 0.75–0.84% respectively. For the depth of 40–60 cm, the maximum accuracy was observed when SGD pre-processing was applied, resulting in R2=0.73 and RMSE = 0.78%. Generally, our findings indicate that the spectral data can provide useful information to predict SOC at multiple depths.
Early Insect Diversification: Evidence from a Lower Devonian Bristletail from Québec

1. P. J. Crutzen and J. W. Birks, Ambio 11, 115 (1982). 2. R. P. Turco, 0. B. Toon, T. P. Ackerman, J. B. Pollack, C. Sagan, Science 222, 1283 (1983). These first calculations have since been verified by extensive research with more complex climate models (3). 3. National Research Council, The Ejects on the Atmosphere ofa Major Nudear Exchange (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1985); A. B. Pittock et al., Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment 28, Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War, vol. 1, Physical and Atmospheric Effects (Wiley, New York, 1986); Study on the Climatic and Other Global Efects of Nuclear War (Report A/43/351, United Nations, New York, 1988). 4. N. N. Veltishchev, A. S. Ginsburg, G. S. Golitsyn, Izv. Akad. Nauk CCCP Fiz. Atmos. Okeana 24, 296 (1988) (in Russian). 5. H. Wexler, Weathenvise 3, 129 (December 1950). 6. A. Robock, in Aerosols and Climate, P. Hobbs, Ed. (Deepak, Hampton, VA, in press). Similar effects on Alaska temperatures were found for smoke from Chinese and Siberian fires in May 1987 (A. Robock, in preparation). 7. C. Fontana, D. Willson, D. Gettman, personal communication. 8. Monthly Normals of Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree Days 1951-80, California, Climatography of the United States No. 81 (by state) [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Asheville, NC, 1982]; Monthly Normals of Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree Days 1951-80, Oregon, Climatography of the United States No. 81 (by state) (NOAA, Asheville, NC, 1982). 9. Climatol. Data, California, August 1987 91 (no. 8) (NOAA, Asheville, NC, 1987); Climatol. Data, Califomnia, September 1987 91 (no. 9) (NOAA, Asheville, NC, 1987); Climatol. Data, Oregon, August 1987 93 (no. 8) (NOAA, Asheville, NC, 1987); Climatol. Data, Oregon, September 1987 93 (no. 9) (NOAA, Asheville, NC, 1987). 10. R. W. Furman and G. E. Brink, The National Fire Weather Data Library (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-19, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 1975). 11. D. Willson, personal communication. 12. C. Fontana, personal communication. 13. I thank M. MacCracken, C. Sagan, and C. Mass for valuable comments on the first draft of the manuscript; W. Gould for helping me obtain satellite images; R. Bornstein for California satellite images; E. Daghir for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite loops; R. Carey for processing several polar orbiting images; C. Fontana, J. Snook, D. Willson, and D. Gettman for additional Weather Service data; R. Chase and R. Bradshaw for Forest Service data; Q. Xiao for helping with the California data analysis; and M. Rodriguez and J. Zhou for drafting the figures. Data analysis, plotting, and word processing were done on the Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies Apollo computer system. Supported by NOAA grants NA87AA-DCP003 and NA84-AA-H-00026, which were funded by the Defense Nuclear Agency.
A taste receptor neurone dedicated to the perception of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the medial galeal sensillum of two polyphagous arctiid caterpillars

It is shown that pyrrolizidine alkaloids are phagostimulants for the caterpillars of two polyphagous arctiid caterpillars, Estigmene acrea and Grammia geneura. The caterpillars will also eat dry glass‐fibre discs containing only pyrrolizidine alkaloid − an example of pharmacophagy. The tip‐recording technique is used to demonstrate that each species has a neurone in the medial galeal styloconic taste sensillum responding to pyrrolizidine alkaloids, although the species differ in their sensitivities. This neurone responds to at least four different pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N‐oxides, and experiments indicate that it is dedicated to perception of these compounds. The sensory response is phasic–tonic and during the tonic phase remains unchanged for at least 500 ms, resembling the type of response often seen in neurones that are sensitive to plant secondary compounds producing deterrent effects.
Highly Sensitive D-Shaped Optical Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Refractive Index Sensor Based on Ag-α-Fe2O3 Grating

This work proposed the simulation of a highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical fibre sensor equipped with a hematite (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha -\textit {Fe}_{\sf 2}{O}_{\sf 3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) layer coated with silver gratings on the surface of a D-shaped optical fibre. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha -\textit {Fe}_{\sf 2}{O}_{\sf 3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nanomaterial film was utilised as the sensing layer. Free electrons on the metal surface were stimulated via evanescent waves on the fibre surface to generate surface plasmon waves. The resonance absorption peaks were monitored to determine the changes in refractive index (RI). The SPR fibre sensor was optimised using the finite element method to analyse the structural parameters of the D-shaped optical fibre and silver gratings. This method was also applied to examine the effect of the thickness of the hematite sensing layer on sensor sensitivity (S). The hematite-coated silver gratings significantly enhanced the sensor as revealed by the simulation outcomes. In this work, the maximum response S of the sensor can reach <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.4~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/RIU when the external RI was changed from 1.33 to 1.39 with 45 nm thick silver grating, 50 nm width air gaps and 12 nm thick hematite (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha -\textit {Fe}_{\sf 2}{O}_{\sf 3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The results suggest the high potential of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha -\textit {Fe}_{\sf 2}{O}_{\sf 3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nanomaterials in optical fibre-sensing applications.
Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma: A Mini-Review

Abstract Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare and distinct subtype of non-small-cell lung carcinoma associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. We systematically reviewed the recent research that expands our knowledge about PLELC, with main focus on its genetic profile, tumor-infiltrating environment, PD-L1 expression, circulating EBV-DNA, clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT, and treatment strategy. A low frequency of typical driver mutations and widespread existence of copy number variations was detected in PLELC. Persistent EBV infection may trigger intense infiltration of lymphocytes, representing enhanced tumor immunity and possibly resulting in a better prognosis. Circulating EBV-DNA in the plasma of patients with PLELC may predict disease progression and response to therapy. PLELC is 18F-FDG avid, and 18F-FDG PET may help refine palliation strategies and subsequently improve the prognosis. Most of the reported patients present at early and resectable stage, and surgical resection with curative intent is the preferred approach. There is currently no consensus on the regimen of chemotherapy for patients with advanced stages. EGFR-targeted therapies seem to have no therapeutic effect, and the clinical impact of PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is uncertain but worthy of further research.
Reproductive Ecology of the Common South American Toad Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae): Reproductive Effort, Clutch Size, Fecundity, and Mate Selection

Abstract Understanding the causes of population declines is difficult when the ecology of the organisms themselves is insufficiently known. The common South American toad, Rhinella arenarum, inhabits a wide variety of habitats. Their populations are abundant; however, life-history characteristics of the adult, including reproductive traits, are poorly known. We studied the reproductive ecology of R. arenarum for several populations in central Argentina during two breeding seasons (2007–08). Breeding activity was compared for the two seasons with respect to variation in habitat variables. Females deposited a mean of 23,226.67 eggs per clutch (N = 10), and snout–vent length did not show any significant effect on the number of eggs. Spawning females lost 27% of their mass when spawning occurred, and the heavier females had greater reproductive output. We found a significantly positive relationship between amplexed male and female snout–vent lengths, indicating size-assortative mating. Females in good body and somatic condition produced larger clutches independent of snout–vent length. Because clutch hydration in ponds occurs, reproductive effort as a function of body loss mass of spawning females is a more appropriate estimate of reproductive output for R. arenarum. Trends in the number of egg strings over several breeding periods can provide information about changes in population size. Long-term studies designed to monitor populations are needed to determine the impacts and consequences of environmental changes.
The utility of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the management of respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia.

CITATION: Lalla, U. et al. 2020. The utility of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the management of respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. South African Medical Journal, 110(6):3, doi:10.7196/SAMJ.2020. v110i6.14882.
Link Loss Inference Algorithm with Network Topology Aware in Communication Networks

When there are many suspected loss links, the links in the path with a higher pass rate are assumed to be nondrop packet links or assuming that the link with the largest number of shares is a loss link, but this assumption lacks valid proof. In order to overcome these shortcomings, this paper proposes a link loss inference algorithm with network topology aware. The network model is established based on the historical data of the network operation and network topology characteristics. A weighted relative entropy ranking method is proposed to quantify the suspected packet loss links in each independent subset. The packet loss rate of the packet loss link is obtained by solving the unique solution of the simplified nonsingular matrix. Through simulation experiments, it is verified that the proposed algorithm has achieved better results in terms of congestion link determination and link loss rate estimation accuracy.
High microbial activity on glaciers: importance to the global carbon cycle

Cryoconite holes, which can cover 0.1–10% of the surface area of glaciers, are small, water‐filled depressions (typically <1 m in diameter and usually <0.5 m deep) that form on the surface of glaciers when solar‐heated inorganic and organic debris melts into the ice. Recent studies show that cryoconites are colonized by a diverse range of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria and algae. Whether microbial communities on the surface of glaciers are actively influencing biogeochemical cycles or are just present in a dormant state has been a matter of debate for long time. Here, we report primary production and community respiration of cryoconite holes upon glaciers in Svalbard, Greenland and the European Alps. Microbial activity in cryoconite holes is high despite maximum temperatures seldom exceeding 0.1 °C. In situ primary production and respiration in cryoconites during the summer is often comparable with that found in soils in warmer and nutrient richer regions. Considering only glacier areas outside Antarctica and a conservative average cryoconite distribution on glacial surfaces, we found that on a global basis cryoconite holes have the potential to fix as much as 64 Gg of carbon per year (i.e. 98 Gg of photosynthesis minus 34 Gg of community respiration). Most lakes and rivers are generally considered as heterotrophic systems, but our results suggest that glaciers, which contain 75% of the freshwater of the planet, are largely autotrophic systems.
Diversity‐habitat heterogeneity relationship at different spatial and temporal scales

The assumption that the description of any system depends on spatial and temporal scale has moved researchers to incorporate scale as another factor in determining the mechanisms explaining species diversity and distribution. Although most researchers agree that processes that occur at different spatial and temporal scales affect ecological communities, empirical support is still scarce. In this paper, we seek to discern whether the relationship between abundance, biomass, and species diversity, on the one hand, and habitat heterogeneity, on the other, holds across temporal and spatial scales. Moreover, we analyse whether the pattern/variation found depends on the taxonomic level, and the diversity index used. To answer these questions, we sampled arthropod assemblages across three nested temporal and spatial scales. In general, we found variability in the responses to habitat heterogeneity across scales according to the assemblage descriptor, the taxonomic level selected, and the diversity index used. Our results suggest that generalization is difficult and extrapolation should be made with caution. Moreover, the use of more than one diversity index would provide additional and complementary information about species-distribution patterns and the mechanisms generating these patterns.
Contribuição ao estudo da anatomia patológica do megaesôfago chagásico

Estudo anatomopatologico sistematizado foi feito em 56 esofagos de chagasicos cronicos (17 com e 39 sem mega) e em 26 de nao chagasicos com as seguintes finalidades: 1) avaliar as variacoes de calibre e espessura da parede do orgao; 2) analisar qualitativa e quantitativamente o plexo mienterico, na tentativa de avaliar a eventual relacao entre suas lesoes e o aparecimento de megaesofago (ME); 3) estudar as lesoes das musculares procurando verificar sua contribuicao na genese da visceromegalia; 4) pesquisar formas amastigotas do T. cruzi e sua possivel relacao com o processo inflamatorio; 5) identificar as principais alteracoes da mucosa. Confirmou-se que as lesoes mais intensas localizavam-se na muscular propria e no plexo de Auerbach. Na primeira, as principais alteracoes foram miosite e fibrose e nos gânglios mientericos observou-se inflamacao e despopulacao neuronal, maior nos esofagos dos chagasicos com dilatacao em relacao aos sem dilatacao e destes em relacao aos controles. Entretanto, foram vistos esofagos de calibre normal, com intensa denervacao. Conclui-se que parecem ser multiplos os fatores que desencadeiam a esofagopatia, especialmente, o ME. A pesquisa de parasitas em oito esofagos com mega e em oito sem ME foi positiva somente em quatro casos, do primeiro grupo. As lesoes da mucosa e submucosa nao parecem participar do processo.
Colony and population structure in Pachycondyla cf. inversa, a ponerine ant with primary polygyny

Queens of the neotropical ponerine Pachycondyla cf. inversa may found their colonies co-operatively (pleometrosis) and still co-exist when the colony becomes mature (primary polygyny). We investigated the genetic structure of colonies from a Brazilian population by using microsatellites. In both queens and workers, inbreeding coefficients were significantly different from zero. No evidence for a geographical substructuring of the population was found. Heterozygote deficiency can probably be explained by a temporal substructure of the population, i.e. mating in temporally distinct mating swarms. Nestmate queens were typically not related. A comparison of the microsatellite genotypes of queens and workers indicated that some queens were multiply inseminated.
Cover versus biomass as an estimate of species abundance: does it make a difference to the conclusions?

Different measures of species abundance, particularly cover and biomass, are often used as if they were interchangeable. We ask to what extent the measure of abundance affects conclusions reached in plant community ecology. The test data comprised 35 plots, each 1 m × 1 m, on serpentine vegetation in Tuscany, Italy, in which both cover and biomass were measured. The measure of abundance used made rather little difference when plots were examined in terms of the rank abundance of the species present, and little difference to the results of a DCA-ordination. Likewise, species showed similar variation across plots in cover as in biomass. In calculating species diversity, agreement between measures of abundance was lower, but still good. For evenness, the correlation between cover and biomass results was lower again, though more so with some indices than with others. For the shape of the RAD (Relative Abundance Distribution), cover and biomass gave quite different results, the Zipf-Mandelbrot RAD model most commonly giving the best fit to the cover data, but the General lognormal model to the biomass data. These tendencies can be related to the intrinsic characteristics of cover and biomass as measures of abundance. The parameters of the model fits also differed between abundance measures. We conclude that the importance of using biomass as the measure of abundance depends on the ecological feature being examined. The difference between the two measures may be greater in other vegetation; very little information is available. In the current state of knowledge it is dangerous to use another measure as a surrogate for biomass.
A Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α/γ Dual Agonist with a Unique in Vitro Profile and Potent Glucose and Lipid Effects in Rodent Models of Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia

LSN862 is a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α/γ dual agonist with a unique in vitro profile that shows improvements on glucose and lipid levels in rodent models of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Data from in vitro binding, cotransfection, and cofactor recruitment assays characterize LSN862 as a high-affinity PPARγ partial agonist with relatively less but significant PPARα agonist activity. Using these same assays, rosiglitazone was characterized as a high-affinity PPARγ full agonist with no PPARα activity. When administered to Zucker diabetic fatty rats, LSN862 displayed significant glucose and triglyceride lowering and a significantly greater increase in adiponectin levels compared with rosiglitazone. Expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways in the liver and in two fat depots from compound-treated Zucker diabetic fatty rats was evaluated. Only LSN862 significantly elevated mRNA levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 and bifunctional enzyme in the liver and l.
Movements and distribution of polar bears in the Beaufort Sea

We fitted 173 satellite radio collars (platform transmitter terminals) to 121 adult female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea and relocated the bears 44 736 times between 1985 and 1995. We regularly resighted many instrumented bears so that we could ascertain whether changes in movements or distribution were related to reproductive status. Mean short-term movement rates were less than 2 km/h for all classes of bears. Maximum movement rates occurred in winter and early summer. In the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS), net geographic movements from the beginning to the end of each month were smaller for females with cubs of the year than for solitary females, and larger in November than in April, May, or July. In May, June, July, and August, radio-collared bears in the SBS moved north. They moved south in October. In the northern Beaufort Sea (NBS), bears moved north in June and south in March and September. Total annual movements ranged from 1406 to 6203 km. Mean total distances moved each month ranged from 79 to 4.
Prediction of occurrence of vascular plants in deciduous forests of South Sweden by means of Ellenberg indicator values

In this study we present a new method for predicting the occurrences of species using data from deciduous forests in South Sweden. Complete species lists of vascular plants were compiled from 101 stands and from representative sample plots inside the stands. Soil samples from each stand were collected for determination of pH and nitrogen mineralization. Presence-absence data for species were fitted to the values of four environmental variables - soil moisture, soil reaction (pH), soil nitrogen and light - by means of Linear (Multiple) Logistic Regression (LLR), and Gaussian (Multiple) Logistic Regression (GLR). First, these values were estimated by calculating the weighted averages of Ellenberg indicator values. Second, the estimates for reaction and nitrogen were substituted by the real measurements of pH and mineralized NH4+, keeping the Ellenberg estimates for light and moisture. The models were validated by an independent test data set. In general, the models had high predictive abilities. GLR fitted the species occurrences better to the environmental variables than LLR, but had a lower accuracy of prediction of species occurrence in the stands. The use of soil measurements instead of Ellenberg indicator values did not improve the predictive abilities of the models. The environmental conditions in the stand test set were successfully estimated by using species data from the plots. When using the species lists of the stands instead of plot data, a slightly better predictive ability was obtained. The collection of plot data, however, is easier and less time-consuming. The accuracy of prediction differed considerably between species.