Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of pulsatile flow through model abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abstract To contribute to the understanding of flow phenomena in abdominal aortic aneurysms, numerical computations of pulsatile flows through aneurysm models and a stability analysis of these flows were carried out. The volume flow rate waveforms into the aneurysms were based on measurements of these waveforms, under rest and exercise conditions, of patients suffering abdominal aortic aneurysms. The Reynolds number and Womersley number, the dimensionless quantities that characterize the flow, were varied within the physiologically relevant range, and the two geometric quantities that characterize the model aneurysm were varied to assess the influence of the length and maximal diameter of an aneurysm on the details of the flow. The computed flow phenomena and the induced wall shear stress distributions agree well with what was found in PIV measurements by Salsac et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 560, 2006, pp. 19–51). The results suggest that long aneurysms are less pathological than short ones, and that patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm are better to avoid physical exercise. The pulsatile flows were found to be unstable to three-dimensional disturbances if the aneurysm was sufficiently localized or had a sufficiently large maximal diameter, even for flow conditions during rest. The abdominal aortic aneurysm can be viewed as acting like a ‘wavemaker’ that induces disturbed flow conditions in healthy segments of the arterial system far downstream of the aneurysm; this may be related to the fact that one-fifth of the larger abdominal aortic aneurysms are found to extend into the common iliac arteries. Finally, we report a remarkable sensitivity of the wall shear stress distribution and the growth rate of three-dimensional disturbances to small details of the aneurysm geometry near the proximal end. These findings suggest that a sensitivity analysis is appropriate when a patient-specific computational study is carried out to obtain a quantitative description of the wall shear stress distribution.
Characteristics of unintentional childhood injury during COVID-19: a single-center comparative study

Background There are many articles related to child injuries during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in other countries, but only few studies in this field in China. This study analyzes the clinical characteristics of unintentional childhood injury during the pandemic, to provide reference for the prevention of unintentional childhood injury in the context of pandemic. Methods A comparative study was performed on the medical data of 2,497 children with unintentional injury who were hospitalized at Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital between 1 January, 2018 and 31 May, 2021. The study period was divided into 2 periods, before the pandemic (1 January, 2018 to 31 May, 2019), during the pandemic (1 January, 2020 to 31 May, 2021). The number of unintentional childhood injuries and age distribution before and during the pandemic were compared. Group differences were examined using Mann–Whitney U for continuous variables and Chi-squared or Kruskal-Wallis tests for categorical variables. Results There were significant differences in age, accident location, hospitalization days, and medical expenses before and during the pandemic (P<0.05). During the pandemic, the number of children’s unintentional injuries increased by 34.24% (1,066 vs. 1,431, P=0.000), and the significantly increased types of unintentional injuries included foreign bodies, falls, crush injuries, and sharp injuries. During the pandemic, the highest proportion of unintentional injury to children was foreign bodies, whereas the proportion of falls was the highest before the pandemic. During the pandemic, the number of foreign body injuries in toddler was significantly higher than before the pandemic (P=0.001), but the number of falls, crush injuries, and sharp injuries in preschooler was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusions In the circumstance of the COVID-19, the number of foreign bodies, falls, crush injuries, and sharp injuries, in children increased significantly. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention of foreign bodies in toddler, and falls, crush injuries, and sharp injuries in preschooler.
Assessing the Comprehensive Training Needs of Informal Caregivers of Cancer Patients: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: The increasing demand for cancer services is projected to overwhelm the cancer care system, leading to a potential shortfall in human resource capacity. Informal caregivers (unpaid family/friend caregivers of cancer patients) provide a significant amount of care to patients and the cancer care system could not cope without them. The aim of this study was to analyze the needs of informal caregivers (CGs) through interviews with cancer patients and CGs, and to assess the content and utility of a comprehensive caregiver training course. Methods: Cancer patients and CGs were recruited from an academic cancer centre to elicit their thoughts and perceptions of cancer CG education needs through a qualitative, phenomenological design using semi-structured interviews and a curriculum review activity. Results: Six patients and seven CGs were interviewed. Patients averaged 53.8 years of age and CGs averaged 53.1 years. Caregiver participants reported that they were unprepared for their caregiving role. Depending on the severity of the disease, CGs reported significant emotional strain. Most participants wanted more practical information, and all expressed the desire for greater social support for CGs. While there were differences in terms of desired modality (e.g., online, in-person), support for greater CG education was strong. Discussion: CGs experience a significant learning curve and receive little to no direct training or education to help them acquire the knowledge and skills they need to support a cancer patient. This is especially challenging for new CGs, for whom emotional and informational needs are particularly acute. Participants shared a great deal of endorsement for a comprehensive training course for new CGs. Given the multiple demands on their time, some participants suggested that consideration be made to establish synchronous classes. Participants held that having the course take place (online or in-person) at a specific time, on a specific date could help CGs prioritize their learning. Participants also endorsed the idea of “required” learning because even though CGs may recognize that a course could be beneficial, some may lack the motivation to participate unless it was “prescribed” to them by a healthcare provider.
Effect of micronutrients and sulfur enriched phyto-biochars on yield, tissue concentrations and uptake of these nutrients in fodder maize (Zea mays L.) and post-harvest soil properties

Abstract A pot culture experiment was conducted to examine the effect of low doses (equivalent to 0.5 t ha−1) of phyto-biochars (lantana, pine needles and wheat straw) pyrolyzed at 300 and 450 °C which were enriched with 0, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) (micronutrients and S) prior to soil application on yield, nutrient concentration and uptake of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). The dry matter yields of fodder maize increased significantly with the application of enriched phyto-biochars in comparison to direct soil application of all the corresponding levels of RDF. The highest dry matter yield (24.05 g pot−1) was obtained with wheat straw biochar pyrolyzed at 450 °C enriched with 75% of RDF; which was 140.0% higher over the control (10.02 g pot−1) and 34.6% higher over the direct application of 75% of RDF, respectively. The concentrations of micronutrients and S in maize tissue and their total uptakes by maize were differentially influenced by different enriched phyto-biochars, however, the application of some enriched phyto-biochar significantly increased the total uptakes of Zn, Fe, Mn, and B by maize. The changes in soil pH, electrical conductivity and readily oxidizable soil organic C contents after the harvest of maize crop have been reported. The use of enriched phyto-biochars significantly increased the contents of soil extractable Zn, Fe, Mn, B and S in soil after the harvest of maize.
Prospects For and Progress Towards Laser‐Driven Particle Therapy Accelerators

Recent advances in laser‐ion acceleration have motivated research towards laser‐driven compact accelerators for medical therapy. Realizing laser‐ion acceleration for medical therapy will require adapting the medical requirements to the foreseeable laser constraints, as well as advances in laser‐acceleration physics, beam manipulation and delivery, real‐time dosimetry, treatment planning and translational research into a clinical setting.
The Effects of Reflection and Transfer on Undergraduate Animal Science Students’ Knowledge

Background: Experiential learning is commonly used in postsecondary settings, especially in undergraduate, agricultural, and laboratory courses. However, a lack of attention has been paid by educators to critical components of experiential learning. Purpose: The effects of reflection mode (peer-verbal or written journal reflection) and transfer level (same, near, or far transfer) on students’ content knowledge were examined in a postsecondary, animal science, laboratory course. Methodology/Approach: A quasi-experimental, two-way, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized. This 2 × 3 factorial design was utilized to test the main and interaction effects of two independent variables (reflection mode and transfer level) on one dependent variable (content knowledge). A pretest score was included as a covariate to control for students’ prior knowledge. Findings/Conclusions: There was a significant interaction effect between the independent variables of reflection mode and transfer level on the dependent variable of content knowledge. Written reflection (when coupled with near transfer), and same transfer (when coupled with peer-verbal reflection), were statistically significant. Implication: Multiple modes of reflection and application can be used during experiential learning in order to achieve effective content knowledge gains. When experiential learning is planned and developed with intentionality, learners receive a valuable, educative experience.
A Sensitive Public Health Issue—The Vaccine Acceptancy and the Anti-Pertussis Immune Status of Pregnant Women from a Romanian Metropolitan Area

(1) Background: Immunization of pregnant women (PWs) against Bordetella pertussis infection is still a challenging health matter. (2) Methods: We gathered questionnaire data from 180 PWs regarding their expectancies and current opinion on infectious disease prevention. For the group of PWs who agreed to further investigations, the serum levels of Ig G anti-B. pertussis antibodies (IgG-PT) titer were measured and analyzed. (3) Results: A total of 180 PWs completed the questionnaire and 98 (54.44%, study group) accepted to perform the laboratory tests. During the first two pregnancy trimesters, PWs were found to be more willing (compared with the control group) to test for identifying high-risk situations that could affect themselves and their future infant (p < 0.001). Most of the participating PWs (91, 91.9%) had low levels of anti-pertussis antibodies (values < 40 IU/mL). Declared vaccine coverage of the PWs newborn infants for DTaP-1 and Prevenar 13 (at 2 months) and DTaP-2 and Prevenar 13 (at 4 months) vaccination reached 100% in the study group, while in the control group only 30/82 (36.59%) PWs accepted to be vaccinated during pregnancy, none of them providing data on their infants’ vaccine coverage. (4) Conclusions: Enrolled PWs faced a waning immunity against the B. pertussis infection. By raising maternal confidence in the protective role of vaccines against infectious diseases, better vaccine acceptance and better infant vaccine coverage can be achieved.
On Water Detection in the Martian Subsurface Using Sounding Radar

Several radar experiments are planned to map the martian subsurface down to several kilometers, searching for subsurface liquid water reservoirs, using different concepts and techniques, all based on the penetration property of radio frequency waves in arid soils. The penetration depth of low-frequency radar is mainly related to the electromagnetic properties of the investigated medium. Thus a good knowledge of the martian subsurface dielectric profile along the first few kilometers is necessary for future water identification and data interpretation. In this work we have investigated the electrical and magnetic properties of the martian surface and subsurface, using terrestrial laboratory analogues in the frequency range 1-500 MHz, covering the frequency domain of the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) experiment on board the Mars Express mission (ESA-2003), the NetLander ground-penetrating radar (GPR) (CNES-2007), and future sounding radar that may be updated to the Mars exploration program in the "follow the water" strategy. In our approach, we constructed experimentally the most common dielectric profile representative of the martian subsurface by measuring the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of well defined mixtures of basaltic, volcanic, and sedimentary materials that have been reported for Mars. We also considered iron oxides (hematite and maghemite) and evaporites that may be present, such as gypsum, and their mixtures with representative amounts of the martian geological context under the most common petrophysical and geophysical conditions, along the subsurface profile. This led to synthetic representative samples of the martian subsurface materials under adequate conditions of porosity and temperature that should exist in the first 2.5 km of the upper crust. Dielectric measurements show that the first layers of the martian subsurface (a few hundred meters), which are mainly composed of volcanic iron-rich materials, could dramatically decrease the radar penetration depth initially foreseen, thus limiting deep subsurface exploration. We also investigated the constraints on subsurface water detectability in a radar lossy medium and its dielectric identification among surrounding geological materials.
Movement of dust particles near a horizontal cylinder containing a sampling orifice

When air containing particles is sucked into a bulky sampling head, idealized in two dimensions by a horizontal cylinder with an orifice in the under side, a critical rate of suction exists before particles are sampled. The actual trajectories of particles influenced by gravity and the flow into the orifice, but neglecting inertia effects, are calculated for different rates of suction. The efficiency of sampling rises from zero to unity as the flow increases from the critical value to infinity. In the case of a head and orifice with symmetry about a vertical axis, it is shown that the efficiencies of sampling particles of different sizes are independent of the size of the orifice and the thickness of the walls around it but can be calculated in terms of the rate of suction and the area of the horizontal projection of the head.
Evaluation of the Town Energy Balance Model in Cold and Snowy Conditions during the Montreal Urban Snow Experiment 2005

Abstract Using the Montreal Urban Snow Experiment (MUSE) 2005 database, surface radiation and energy exchanges are simulated in offline mode with the Town Energy Balance (TEB) and the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere (ISBA) parameterizations over a heavily populated residential area of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, during the winter–spring transition period (from March to April 2005). The comparison of simulations with flux measurements indicates that the system performs well when roads and alleys are snow covered. In contrast, the storage heat flux is largely underestimated in favor of the sensible heat flux at the end of the period when snow is melted. An evaluation and an improvement of TEB’s snow parameterization have also been conducted by using snow property measurements taken during intensive observational periods. Snow density, depth, and albedo are correctly simulated by TEB for alleys where snow cover is relatively homogeneous. Results are not as good for the evolution of snow on.
Numerical analysis of double layers in the downward current region of the aurora

Abstract On the basis of two magneto-fluid model for two time-scales, the evolution of double layer in the downward current region of the aurora is numerically simulated under the non-static limit case. The results show that localized drop in density owing to collapsed high-frequency field can lead to the formation of double layer. The amplitude of the double layer is the order of the electron temperature, and the ramp potential is up to 36 V localized to tens of Debye lengths, which is around 100–200 m. These are consistent with the measurements in both the ramp potential and thickness by the Fast Auroral SnapshoT satellite in the downward current region of the aurora.
Diversity, equity and inclusion in hospitality: Value centered leadership as a conduit for change

ABSTRACT Increased globalization of the hospitality industry brings with it a multitude of challenges. Chief among them is the expanding diversity of both the hospitality labor pool and the traveling public. Diversity not only affects internal workplace culture, but it also has a direct correlation to customer experience and satisfaction. As our society grapples with more diverse cultures and changing values around equity and inclusion, appropriate leadership principles are needed to facilitate change. This study specifically examines value-centered leadership principles as a means to spark innovative programming around diversity, equity and inclusion practices within the hospitality sector. Applications of value-centered leadership principles are presented through the lens of mission, service, people, and task orientations. Managerial implications are discussed through a lens on promoting a culture of respect and inclusivity by fostering and encouraging employees to learn about, measure, and understand different cultural perspectives while also addressing and preventing discrimination and harassment. 酒店业日益全球化带来了诸多挑战. 其中最主要的是酒店业劳动力库和旅游公众的多样性不断扩大. 多样性不仅影响内部工作场所文化, 而且与客户体验和满意度直接相关. 随着我们的社会努力应对更多样化的文化和围绕公平和包容不断变化的价值观, 需要适当的领导原则来促进变革. 这项研究专门研究了以价值为中心的领导原则, 将其作为在酒店业围绕多样性、公平性和包容性实践激发创新计划的一种手段. 以价值为中心的领导原则的应用是通过任务、服务、人员和任务导向的视角来呈现的. 通过培养和鼓励员工学习、衡量和理解不同的文化观点, 同时解决和防止歧视和骚扰, 从促进尊重和包容文化的角度讨论管理影响.
A Whiff of Oxygen Before the Great Oxidation Event

S values, which is comparable with uncertainties based on multiple standard measurements during each analytical session. For SF6 analyses, uncertainties are 0.14, 0.008, and 0.20‰ for d 34 S, D 33 S, and D 36 S, respectively. 19. Monte Carlo resampling of data suggests that the two intervals carry a unique isotopic mean. In the lower half, we calculated means of d 34
Specific Subtypes of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Are Correlated with Worse Survival in Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Simple Summary Despite massive research efforts, the mortality of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is still high. In recent years, the tumor microenvironment has been revealed to play a key role in carcinogenesis. Therefore, our study aimed to further characterize the family of cancer-associated fibroblasts. We conducted stainings of four common fibroblast markers in a tissue microarray of 321 patients. Here, we describe three subgroups of expression patterns of these markers which are associated with worse survival. Following further basic research, this could lead to new targeted treatment options for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Abstract Purpose: The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancer entities. Effective therapy options are still lacking. The tumor microenvironment possibly bears further treatment possibilities. This study aimed to describe the expression patterns of four established carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAFs) markers and their correlation in PDAC tissue samples. Methods: This project included 321 patients with PDAC who underwent surgery with a curative intent in one of the PANCALYZE study centers. Immunohistochemical stainings for FAP, PDGFR, periostin, and SMA were performed. The expression patterns of each marker were divided into low- and high-expressing CAFs and correlated with patients’ survival. Results: Tumors showing SMAhigh-, PeriostinhighSMAhigh-, or PeriostinhighSMAlowPDGFRlowFAPhigh-positive CAFs demonstrated significantly worse survival. Additionally, a high expression of SMA in PDAC tissue samples was shown to be an independent risk factor for worse survival. Conclusion: This project identified three subgroups of PDAC with different expression patterns of CAF markers which showed significantly worse survival. This could be the base for the further characterization of the fibroblast subgroups in PDAC and contribute to the development of new targeted therapy options against CAFs.
The benefits of deciding now and not later: The influence of the timing between acquiring knowledge and deciding on decision confidence, omission neglect bias, and choice deferral

Consumers often spend time searching before making a purchasing decision to acquire knowledge about products. If the purchasing decision is delayed, recall of acquired knowledge is likely to be impaired. Because products in the marketplace are rarely described completely, consumers who take too long to decide may fail to notice the absence of information relevant to a purchasing decision and fall prey to a phenomenon called ‘omission neglect’, an inability to detect missing information and form extreme and confidently held judgments. Omission neglect may be corrected by acquiring knowledge about the target product before making the choice. In the present research, we examine consumer decisions in the context of choice sets described incompletely and presented either immediately or a week after the acquisition of relevant information about a target product. Specifically, we investigate how the timing between product knowledge acquisition and decision-making affects the detection of missing information, decision confidence, and choice deferral. Across three experiments, we find that, after acquiring knowledge, when consumers have their decision delayed, they are less able to detect missing information, feel more confident, and defer choices less.
Distribution-free cumulative sum and exponentially weighted moving average control charts based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum statistic using ranked set sampling for monitoring mean shifts

ABSTRACT Whenever a practitioner is not sure about the underlying process distribution, alternative monitoring schemes that may be used are called nonparametric charts. A nonparametric scheme mostly used to monitor the difference in the means of two samples is called the Wilcoxon rank-sum (WRS). In this paper, we propose nonparametric (or distribution-free) cumulative sum and exponentially weighted moving average charts based on the WRS using ranked set sampling. We thoroughly discuss the performance of the proposed control charts in terms of run-length properties through intensive simulations. Moreover, we conduct an overall performance comparison using the relative mean index and a variety of quality loss functions (for instance, the average extra quadratic loss, average ratio of the average run-length and performance comparison index). The newly proposed charts have very attractive run-length properties and they have better overall performance than their counterparts. An illustrative example is given, as well as an easy-to-use table with optimal design parameters to aid practical implementation.