Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accountability and perception of prosocial behavior in village fund management

This study examines organizational commitment and competency in Indonesia as a moderator of prosocial behavior toward village fund management accountability. Transparency and accountability are essential in the village government’s role as the custodian of public funds (Taufiqi & Ariani, 2022). Central and local governments implemented public accountability to improve governance (Suwanda & Suryana, 2021). Prosocial conduct and accountability in the management of village funds are the focus of this study. The data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to each and every village throughout Indonesia. The sample was obtained using a simple random sampling technique from all village officials throughout Indonesia, with a total of 689 people responding to the survey. The data for this analysis were analyzed using the SmartPLS. Prosocial behavior affects village fund management accountability, a study found. Organizational commitment has a moderating effect on the relationship between prosocial behaviour and accountability of village fund management, while village official’s competence does not. This study shows that the variable competence of the village official is feasible to be used as a moderating variable in the relationship between prosocial behavior and accountability, so the researchers recommend this variable be used to moderate it with other variables that may affect accountability.
Prospects of fish scale and fin samples usage for nonlethal monitoring of metal contamination: a study on five fish species from the Danube River

The development of nonlethal methods for the monitoring of environmental contamination is essential to minimize the negative effects on studied species and communities. Fish scales and fin clips can be used as nonlethal indicators of water quality given that they are in direct contact with the environment and can accumulate high concentrations of metals and trace elements. Fin clipping causes minimal harm to fish and it does not affect fish growth or survival. In this study, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn concentrations were measured by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in scales, fins, and muscle of common bream (Abramis brama), white bream (Blicca bjoerkna), wels catfish (Silurus glanis), northern pike (Esox lucius), and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) from the Danube River. The analysis showed a positive correlation for Hg between scales and muscle in pikeperch. Anal fin and muscle were positively correlated in white bream for Hg, in wels catfish for Cu, and in northern pike and pikeperch for As. The results suggest that scales and fins have a potential to be used as indicators of muscle tissue contamination with As, Cu, and Hg, depending on species' ecological traits.
An ENSO impact on Europe

The possible influence of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warm and cold extremes on mid-latitude circulation regimes in the North Atlantic/European sector is described in terms of a phenomenological, statistical and physical analysis of observational data. (1) The European circulation patterns (after Hess-Brezowsky, 1977) are combined to a binary set of cyclonic and anticyclonic (low and high pressure) centres of action. They reveal a regional ENSO response with predominantly cyclonic (anticyclonic) Grosswetter for warm (cold) ENSO events in winters at the peak of the episode. (2) Standard climate statistics of the same winter seasons (surface pressure, temperature and precipitation anomalies) supplement the Grosswetter phenomenology. They suggest a shift of the tail end of the cross Atlantic storm track and its rainbearing frontal systems from a more northern route (during warm events) to a more zonal orientation (in cold events). (3) Finally, the transient and stationary eddy–mean flow interaction is diagnosed from daily hemispheric 500 mb geopotential height fields. They are composited about most extreme anomalies in Europe (independent of ENSO) defined by the amplitude of the first simultaneous EOF of normalized monthly mean pressure, temperature and precipitation at 40 stations. Thus (upstream location and intensity of) dynamic sources of wave activity flux in the western North-Atlantic cyclogenesis area can be identified. They are associated with European climate anomalies and may represent the connection linking ENSO and Europe under favourable conditions. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1994. 00015.x
Deferred Correction Technique to Construct High-Order Schemes for the Heat Equation with Dirichlet and Neumann Boundary Conditions

A deferred correction method is utilized to increase the order of spatial accuracy of the Crank-Nikolson scheme for the numerical solution of the one-dimensional heat equation. Numerical examples are given for both Neumann and Dirichlet initial boundary value problems. The fourth-order methods proposed are compared with high-order compact schemes. The set of methods proposed demonstrate a better performance compared with high-order compact schemes in the case of the Neumann boundary conditions. Index Terms—high-order difference scheme; deferred correc- tion scheme; high-order compact scheme; heat equation. HE desired properties of finite difference schemes are stability, accuracy and efficiency. These requirements are in conflict with each other. In many applications a high- order accuracy is required in the spatial discretization. To reach better stability, implicit approximation is desired. For a high-order method of traditional type (not a high-order compact (HOC)), the stencil becomes wider with increasing order of accuracy. For a standard centered discretization of order p, the stencil is p+1 points wide. This inflicts problems at the fictional boundaries, and using an implicit method results in the solution of an algebraic system of equations with large bandwidth. In light of conflict requirements of stability, accuracy and computational efficiency, it is desired to develop schemes that have a wide range of stability, high- order of accuracy and lead to the solution of the system of linear equations with a tridiagonal matrix, i.e. the system of linear equations arising from a standard second order discretization of heat equation. The development of high order compact schemes (HOC)
Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions between Fexuprazan, a Novel Potassium-Competitive Inhibitor, and Aspirin, in Healthy Subjects

Acid-reducing agents are commonly used for the prevention of aspirin-induced gastrointestinal complications such as peptic ulcers. As a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, fexuprazan is expected to prevent aspirin-induced gastrointestinal complications. This randomized, open-label study aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between aspirin and fexuprazan in healthy Koreans. Subjects randomized to the aspirin group received 500 mg aspirin in combination with 80 mg fexuprazan. For the fexuprazan group, fexuprazan 80 mg was administered alone and then in combination with aspirin 500 mg. Platelet aggregation inhibited by aspirin and the pharmacokinetic parameters of aspirin and fexuprazan were compared between monotherapy and combination therapy. A total of 22 subjects completed the study. The platelet aggregation-inhibitory activity and systemic exposure to aspirin were not significantly affected by fexuprazan coadministration. The systemic exposure of fexuprazan was decreased up to 20% by aspirin coadministration, which was not regarded as clinically meaningful considering the previously reported exposure–response relationship. In conclusion, there were no clinically relevant pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions between aspirin and fexuprazan. This finding suggests the potential of fexuprazan for the prevention of aspirin-induced gastrointestinal complications, serving as a baseline for optimizing its therapeutic application with aspirin.
Utilization of Hypolipidemic Drugs, Patterns, and Factors Affecting Dyslipidemia Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India

Background The prevalence of dyslipidemia is higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypolipidemic drugs like statins are effective for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. Most of the patients with type 2 diabetes have a mixed type of dyslipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of hypolipidemic drugs, patterns, and factors affecting dyslipidemia in T2DM participants. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (IEC) of the Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center. It was conducted for a period of one year from July 2021 to June 2022. Participants with T2DM visiting the Department of General Medicine and Endocrinology were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Demographic details, medication history, and laboratory data were recorded in case report form and statistical measures were applied. Results Out of 237 participants enrolled in the study, the predominance (n=133, 56%) was males. The mean age of the study population was 47.92±9.17 years, and the mean duration of diabetes was 6.8±5.3 years. Out of the total participants, 164 (69%) had deranged lipid profiles. Out of them, 129 (78.65%) were on hypolipidemic drugs. Regarding drug utilization, 122 (94.6%) received statins either rosuvastatin (54%) or atorvastatin (40%). In the deranged lipid profiles pattern, 24% (58) participants had one abnormal lipid parameter and the majority 70% (166) had combined lipid profile abnormality. Factors like increased BMI were significantly associated with dyslipidemia (p=0.004). Utilization of hypolipidemic drugs was also significantly associated with the control of dyslipidemia (p<0.001). It was observed that participants who were not on lipid-lowering drugs had 5.38 times more chance of dyslipidemia (OR=5.38; CI=2.82-10.28; p<0.001). Conclusion A high prevalence of dyslipidemia was observed among diabetic patients. Statins were the most prescribed drug in the study. BMI and lack of pharmacotherapy were found to have a statistically significant association with dyslipidemia in diabetic patients.
The influence of community on language structure: Evidence from two young sign languages

By comparing two sign languages of approximately the same age but which arose and developed under different social circumstances, we are able to identify possible relationships between social factors and language structure. We argue that two structural properties of these languages are related to the size and the heterogeneity versus homogeneity of their respective communities: use of space in grammatical structure and degree of lexical and sublexical variability. A third characteristic, the tendency toward single-argument clauses appears to be a function of a different social factor: language age. Our study supports the view that language is not just a structure in the brain, nor is it strictly the domain of the individual. It is very much a socio-cultural artifact. Keywords: community and language structure; sign languages; ISL; ABSL; variation; space; argument structure
Staphylococcus aureus Genomic Analysis and Outcomes in Patients with Bone and Joint Infections: A Systematic Review

Many studies have been published assessing the association between the presence of S. aureus genes and outcomes in patients with bone and joint infections (BJI), but it is not known if they have had similar findings. A systematic literature review was performed. All available data on studies in Pubmed between January 2000 to October 2022 reporting the genetic characteristics of S. aureus and the outcomes of BJIs were analyzed. BJI included prosthetic joint infection (PJI), osteomyelitis (OM), diabetic foot infection (DFI), and septic arthritis. Because of the heterogeneity of studies and outcomes, no meta-analysis was performed. With the search strategy, 34 articles were included: 15 articles on children and 19 articles on adults. In children, most BJI studied were OM (n = 13) and septic arthritis (n = 9). Panton Valentine leucocidin (PVL) genes were associated with higher biological inflammatory markers at presentation (n = 4 studies), more febrile days (n = 3), and more complicated/severe infection (n = 4). Other genes were reported anecdotally associated with poor outcomes. In adults, six studies reported outcomes in patients with PJI, 2 with DFI, 3 with OM, and 3 with various BJI. Several genes were associated with a variety of poor outcomes in adults, but studies found contradictory results. Whereas PVL genes were associated with poor outcomes in children, no specific genes were reported similarly in adults. Additional studies with homogenous BJI and larger sample sizes are needed.
Optimality conditions for approximate solutions of vector optimization problems

In this paper, we introduce a new kind of properly approximate efficient solution of vector optimization problems. Some properties for this new class of approximate solutions are established. Also necessary and sufficient conditions via nonlinear scalarizations are obtained for properly approximate solutions. And under the assumption of cone subconvexlike functions, we derive linear scalarizations for properly approximate efficient solutions.
Large-Scale Eddies in the Unstably Stratified Atmospheric Surface Layer. Part II: Turbulent Pressure Fluctuations and the Budgets of Heat Flux, Stress and Turbulent Kinetic Energy

Abstract A method is developed for retrieving turbulent pressure fluctuations from tower measurements of velocity and temperature, through use of the equations of motion. This method is applied to a series of large-scale eddies which are defined by their characteristic temperature ramp structure. The variance of pressure is found to follow local free-convection. Large-scale eddy (LSE) pressure fields are used to estimate the pressure transport and pressure-gradient interaction terms in the convective surface-layer budgets of heat flux, stress and turbulent kinetic energy. The LSE pressure terms are found to balance the budgets to within 20–30% of the size of the largest budget terms. Ensemble fields are formed by averaging individual LSE pressure transport and pressure-gradient interaction fields. The basic characteristics of these ensemble pressure covariance fields are easily related to the cross-products of the ensemble fields of p′, ∂p′/∂x, w′, and so on. This offers a simple way of visualizing the so.
Bacterial Control of Marine Humic‐Like Substance Production, Composition, Size, and Transfer to Sea Spray Aerosols During Phytoplankton Blooms

Humic‐like substances (HULIS) are present in every environmental reservoir, including the ocean and the atmosphere. Ocean‐derived HULIS can be transferred to the atmosphere in the form of sea spray aerosols (SSA). Little information exists on the factors controlling this transfer process or how HULIS alter SSA physicochemical properties, cloud‐forming ability, and atmospheric reactions. Here, using excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy and isolated ocean‐atmosphere systems, we investigated how ocean biology affects HULIS sea‐to‐air transfer during multiple phytoplankton bloom experiments. We posit that bacterial enzymatic activity on phytoplankton‐derived organic matter control HULIS size, production, and chemical composition. We found that changes in fluorescence indices and shifts in the HULIS fluorescence emission spectra reveal changes in HULIS chemical composition induced by bacteria. High bacterial enzymatic activity on the proteinaceous, lipid, and phosphorus‐rich organic pools enhanced HULIS production and its transfer to SSA. Seawater HULIS consistently accumulated across all experiments. The majority of HULIS was smaller than 0.2 μm or 50 kDa. Our results suggest that enzymatic‐processing bacteria transform the composition of HULIS in seawater, degrading dissolved organic matter into diverse chemical structures that are more efficiently transferred to the atmosphere in SSA.
Accessing Noun-Phrase Antecedents

List of tables. Acknowledgements. Introducing Accessibility theory. 0.1. On the role of context 0.2. On the nature of context retrievals 0.21. A 'geographic' view of context 0.3. Accessibility and the structure of memory 0.4. Accessibility marking: General predictions 0.41. The distributional pattern of referring expressions 0.42. Factors affecting Accessibility Part 1: Discourse references 1. Low Accessibility referring expressions 1.1. Definite descriptions 1.2. Proper names 1.3. Degrees of Accessibility within Low Accessibility Markers 2. Intermediate Accessibility referring expressions 2.1. Personal pronouns 2.2. Demonstrative pronouns 2.3. Degrees of Accessibility within Intermediate Accessibility Markers 3. High Accessibility Markers 3.1. 'Deep anaphora' 3.2. Third-person pronouns 3.3. Degrees of Accessibility within High Accessibility Markers 4. The Accessibility scale 4.1. Constructing the Accessibility scale 4.2. The universality of the Accessibility scale 4.21. Formulating the Universal Accessibility Claim 4.3. Concluding remarks Part 2: Sentence-level anaphora 5. Applying Accessibility theory to sentence-level anaphora 5.1. General predictions 5.2. Replacing the 'Avoid Pronoun' principle with Accessibility theory 6. Zero subjects 6.1. The Accessibility status of AGR types: Focus on Hebrew 6.2. Zero subjects: Focus on Chinese 7. Clause-linkage and anaphoric marking 7.1. Clause-linkage and Switch-Reference systems 7.2. Clause-linkage and definite NP anaphora 7.21. Clause-linkage and Resumptive Pronouns 7.22. Clause-linkage and backwards anaphora Part 3: On the interaction of Accessibility with pragmatic and social factors 8. The role of inferencing 8.1. The use of context in reference resolutions 8.2. Inferred entities 8.3. On so-called presuppositions 9. Special uses of Accessibility Markers 9.1. Possible divergences from appropriate Accessibility marking 9.2. Referring the the 'Other': Focus on women
Chronic Adaptations to Eccentric Cycling Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study aimed to investigate the effects of eccentric cycling (ECCCYC) training on performance, physiological, and morphological parameters in comparison to concentric cycling (CONCYC) training. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect. Studies comparing the effect of ECCCYC and CONCYC training regimens on performance, physiological, and/or morphological parameters were included. Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis models were used to estimate the population’s mean difference between chronic responses from ECCCYC and CONCYC training protocols. Group levels and meta-regression were used to evaluate the specific effects of subjects and study characteristics. Fourteen studies were included in this review. The meta-analyses showed that ECCCYC training was more effective in increasing knee extensor strength, vastus lateralis fiber cross-sectional area, and six-minute walking distance compared to CONCYC. Moreover, ECCCYC was as effective as CONCYC in decreasing body fat percentage. CONCYC was more effective in increasing V˙O2max and peak power output attained during concentric incremental tests. However, group-level analyses revealed that ECCCYC was more effective than CONCYC in improving V˙O2max in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases. ECCCYC is a viable modality for exercise interventions aiming to improve parameters of muscle strength, hypertrophy, functional capacity, aerobic power, and body composition, with more advantages than CONCYC training in improving neuromuscular variables.
Visualizing electromagnetic fields in laser-produced counter-streaming plasma experiments for collisionless shock laboratory astrophysics

Collisionless shocks are often observed in fast-moving astrophysical plasmas, formed by non-classical viscosity that is believed to originate from collective electromagnetic fields driven by kinetic plasma instabilities. However, the development of small-scale plasma processes into large-scale structures, such as a collisionless shock, is not well understood. It is also unknown to what extent collisionless shocks contain macroscopic fields with a long coherence length. For these reasons, it is valuable to explore collisionless shock formation, including the growth and self-organization of fields, in laboratory plasmas. The experimental results presented here show at a glance with proton imaging how macroscopic fields can emerge from a system of supersonic counter-streaming plasmas produced at the OMEGA EP laser. Interpretation of these results, plans for additional measurements, and the difficulty of achieving truly collisionless conditions are discussed. Future experiments at the National Ignition Facility are expected to create fully formed collisionless shocks in plasmas with no pre-imposed magnetic field.
Bipartite Time-Varying Output Formation Tracking for Multiagent Systems With Multiple Heterogeneous Leaders Under Signed Digraph

This article investigates the bipartite time-varying output formation tracking issue for heterogeneous linear multiagent systems with multiple leaders under signed digraph. Different from previous related works, the leaders are considered to be heterogeneous, which greatly increases the difficulty of designing distributed control strategies. To address this issue, we develop a novel fully distributed dynamic event-triggered formation tracking control strategy and the Zeno behavior is ruled out. Compared with previous relevant results, in addition to addressing a more meaningful new issue, the developed control strategy also has the following advantages: 1) the control strategy gets rid of this assumption that each given follower must be well informed or uninformed; 2) the adaptive gains do not increase unboundedly in the presence of external disturbances; 3) the interevent time is larger. Moreover, a self-triggered realization based on sampled information is also formulated for the developed control strategy. Finally, the theoretical result is demonstrated by a simulation example.
Empirical modeling of plasma sheet pressure and three‐dimensional force‐balanced magnetospheric magnetic field structure: 2. Modeling

The magnetic field configuration is crucial to plasma sheet dynamics and magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. In this study we established 3‐D force‐balanced magnetic fields and investigated configuration changes with Kp and solar wind dynamic pressure (PSW). Pressure distributions from the empirical model developed in Wang et al. (2013) were used for obtaining the force‐balanced field. Based on our model results, we found that (1) higher PSW mainly enhances pressure in the tail plasma sheet, while larger convection during higher Kp drives plasma sheet further earthward, resulting in a pressure increase closer to the Earth; (2) comparing with the magnetic field changes due to increasing PSW, the Kp associated pressure enhancement causes the azimuthal current density (Jϕ) peak and field‐aligned currents (FACs) to move deeper earthward, the magnetic field to decrease further near Earth but increase more in the tail, and field lines to stretch more significantly; (3) as Kp and PSW change, the whole plasma sheet remains stable to interchange instability but may be ballooning unstable in the midnight region at X between −15 and −10 RE; (4) the force‐balanced configurations are characteristically different from the non‐force‐balanced Tsyganenko 89 (T89) magnetic field. A region of positive dBz/dz in the near‐Earth region, which has been observed, is seen in our field but not in T89. On the other hand, a local equatorial Bz minimum is predicted by T89 but not by our model. Jφ bifurcation appears in the near‐Earth region as a result of our Jφ configuration being approximately aligned with field lines, while the T89 Jφ everywhere decreases monotonically with increasing Z by construction.