Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Priority of the Epistemic

Abstract Epistemic burdens – the nature and extent of our ignorance (that and how) with respect to various courses of action – serve to determine our incentive structures. Courses of action that seem to bear impossibly heavy epistemic burdens are typically not counted as options in an actor's menu, while courses of action that seem to bear comparatively heavy epistemic burdens are systematically discounted in an actor's menu relative to options that appear less epistemically burdensome. That ignorance serves to determine what counts as an option means that epistemic considerations are logically prior to moral, prudential, and economic considerations: in order to have moral, prudential, or economic obligations, one must have options, and epistemic burdens serve to determine our options. One cannot have obligations without doing some epistemic work. We defend this claim on introspective grounds. We also consider how epistemic burdens distort surrogate decision-making. The unique epistemology of surrogate cases makes the priority of the epistemic readily apparent. We then argue that anyone who accepts a principle similar to ought implies can is committed to the logical priority of the epistemic. We also consider and reject several possible counterarguments.
Effect of Companies Income Tax on Profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMB’s): A Study of DMB’s with International Operating License in Nigeria

Banks in Nigeria have operating strata ranging from regional to international-the study examine the how Companies Income Tax (CIT) affects Corporate profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMB’s) as obtained from their annual report for 2017 using their Return on Assets (RoA) as Profitability parameter. OLS method was used via SPSS 20.0 to run the data used in the research with findings that; there exist a strong positive relationship between CIT and Corporate Profitability of Deposit Money Banks (DMB’s) in Nigeria and recommends a reduction in CIT rate with attendant increase in Education Tax (EDT) since buoyancy of the education sector (ceteris paribus) is expected to transcend in enhancement of Marginal Productivity of Labour which have positive spill over effect on Corporate Profitability in the longrun. Keywords: Companies Income Tax (CIT), Corporate Profitability, Deposit Money Banks (DMB’s) DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-4-12 Publication date : April 30 th 2019
Studying The Determinants of Intention To Use Tokopedia for SMEs Agribusiness Products Purchase

Toko Laurike located in Bogor Regency, is a member of the small-medium enterprises (SMEs) group. It produces Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and sells its products through several e-marketplaces, namely Tokopedia, Bukalapak, and Elevenia. Among these e-marketplaces, Tokopedia sells product from Toko Laurike more than Bukalapak or Elevenia. This research aims to examine the factors that determine Consumers’ intention to use of Tokopedia specifically for SMEs’ food agribusiness products in the form of liquid and gel. This research also analyzed the pattern of design and security perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The other purpose is analyzing the contribution of security, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness on consumers’ intention to use. Data analysis tool using structural equation modeling - partial least squares (SEM-PLS) based on stimulus theoretical framework technology acceptance model (STF-TAM). The study involved Tokopedia’s users who making purchasing for SMEs food agribusiness products in the form of liquid and gel. The 71 samples were collected. The results showed that perceived ease of use is most influencer among these factors. Design and security associated with perceived ease of use. Security was not associated with consumers’ intention to use. The result can be used by Laurike to enhance e-commerce performance. Keywords: Laurike’s e-commerce, SMEs, SEM-PLS, STF-TAM, Tokopedia
The Effect of Local Wisdom-Based ELSII Learning Model on the Problem Solving and Communication Skills of Pre-Service Islamic Teachers

ENGLISH: Students’ inadequate 21st century skills are the outcome of teacher-centered learning activities. Previous studies have shown that collaborative inquiry learning improved their generic skills. This experimental research investigated the effect of Local Wisdom-Based ELSII Learning Model (LWB-ELSII) on students’ problem- solving skills (PSS) and their communication skills (CS). Cluster random sampling was carried to select 56 preservice Islamic teachers at Islamic State University of Mataram as samples. The PSS Essay Test (PSET) and the Communication Skills Test (CST) were employed. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s rho correlation at significance level of . 05. The results showed that: 1) there were significant differences in the PSS and CS between the experimental and control groups in favour of experimental group students, and 2) there was a positive and significant correlation between the two dependent variables. It is recommended that lecturers apply LWB-ELSII as an alternative solution in improving students’ performance.
BURDUR İLİNDEKİ KOYUNLARDA CHLAMYDOPHİLA ABORTUS ENFEKSİYONUNUN SEROPREVALANSI

Bu calismanin amaci Burdur ilindeki koyun surulerinde Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus) enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansini belirlemekti. Bu amacla, 15 farkli koyun surusunden tesadufi ornekleme ile secilen 2 yasindan buyuk hayvanlardan 150 kan serumu toplandi ve C. abortus antikorlarinin varligi ticari bir ELIZA kiti (IDEXX Chlamydophila abortus Antibody Test Kit) ile arastirildi. Koyunlarda C. abortus ’un bireysel, suru-ici ve suruler-arasi seroprevalans oranlari sirasiyla % 32, % 40 ve % 80 olarak belirlendi. Sonuc olarak, Burdur ilinde C. abortus enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansinin, oldukca yuksek oldugu, enfeksiyonun prevalans ve insidensinin saptanarak kontrol ve eradikasyon calismalarina baslanmasi gerektigi, infeksiyonun serolojik tanisinda sensitivite ve spesifitesi yuksek ELIZA testinin kullanilabilecegi kanisina varildi.
Seed distribution drivers at an early stage of vegetation development in a sand quarry

Distribution of viable seeds on the bare ground slope in a sand quarry located in the vicinity of Saint-Petersburg was studied in relation to the relief of the ground surface, species composition of pioneer communities and surrounding vegetation, as well as the timing of a growing season. Seeds were found even on bare ground and poorly vegetated sites. Ground contains three times more seeds in autumn than in early summer. Most of seeds belonged to perennial grasses (mainly anemochorous, apophytes, and weeds), with a few coming from other life-forms (from annuals to trees), which were spread in the quarry or in the surrounding vegetation. Seeds concentrated on the slope, their number was the lowest in the quarry bottom in both observation periods, since conditions favored to plant germination there. The microrelief of the ground surface can also influence seed distribution: in June, viable seeds mostly located in depressions. We suppose that in dissemination period, seeds of anemochorous plants concentrate on hillocks which trap them; however, more data is needed to conclusively prove this hypothesis. The paper contains 3 Tables, 3 Figures and 49 References.
Observations of Stress and Health: A Micro Investigation of Perception among University Students

This study analyzed how university students perceived their level of stress, as well as their overall health. Using a survey instrument, the majority of students rated their stress level as "average. " The primary causes of stress were funding, job security, responsibility, time, and work load. Almost all of the respondents had complaints of illness over the previous six months, however the majority of students did not take time off for those illnesses. Illness related symptoms most commonly reported were headache, sleep disturbance, flu, and allergies. Only a very small percentage had seen a physician during the previous six months and very few noted they were taking prescription medication. Over 90% rated their overall health as either average or good.
The emergence and development of complex predicates in early child Hebrew

The present study examines the development of the earliest type of complex predicates to emerge in child Hebrew – extended predicate constructions. These constructions take the form of a modal/aspectual operator followed by an infinitival verb form (e.g., roce lesaxek ‘want to.play’), and since they serve various discursive functions (e.g., intent, desire, request), their use marks a significant development in toddlers’ cognitive, linguistic, and conversational abilities. Focus here is on the three most common modal operators used in extended predicates in early child Hebrew: roce ‘want’, yaxol ‘can’, and carix ‘need/have.to’. Analyses cover all uses of these three predicates by both children and adults, in longitudinal weekly-recorded speech samples from three Hebrew-acquiring children, starting with the earliest verb forms produced by each child and lasting for a period of over a year (age range: 1;3–2;5). Findings show the following developmental trends: (a) roce ‘want’ emerges the earliest and continues to be the most frequent of the three predicates throughout the year; (b) children favor using roce, yaxol, and carix as main predicates before they start integrating them in extended-predicate contexts; (c) early adult uses of extended predicates in child-directed speech are almost exclusively in the form of Yes/No verification questions (e.g., ata roce laševet? ‘you want to.sit? ’); and (d) as children gradually use more extended predicates, adults gradually use fewer Yes/No verification questions, and more prompts that elicit information from the children (e.g., ma ata roce la’asot? ‘what (do) you want to.do? ’) while also expanding more on the children’s productions. These concurrent trends show that such complex predicates develop in a piecemeal fashion, promoted by both the gradually evolving relations between children’s linguistic productions and their discursive functions, and the supportive contexts provided by their adult interlocutors.
Theranostics for Antiretroviral Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics

XV CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 18 1.1 GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HIV . 19 1.2 HIV-­1 VIROLOGY . 20 1.2. 1 Structure of HIV . 20 1.2. 2 The HIV replication cycle . 22 1.3 VIRAL TRANSMISSION . 25 1.4 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HIV-­1 . 26 1.5 HIV-­1 RESERVOIRS . 29 1.5. 1 Genital tract . 29 1.5. 2 Lymphoid Organs . 31 1.5. 3 Gastrointestinal Tract . 32 1.5. 4 Central Nervous System . 33 1.5. 5 Cellular Reservoirs . 33 1.6 ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) . 34 1.6. 1 LASER ART . 41
The Determinants of Investment Strategy: An Empirical Assessment of Behavioural Factors in the Omani Context

This paper examines the behavioural factors influencing investment decisions and strategy in the Sultanate of Oman. Investors’ decision-making process is thought to be influenced by a wide range of factors directly or indirectly (Kusev et al. 2017). The rational approach considers only the mathematical results thereby failing to recognize the investor’s related psychological and sociological factors, categorized in the paper as heuristic factors, prospect factors and herding factors. This study attempts to identify the behavioural factors that influence individual investors’ decision in the Muscat Securities Market (MSM). Specifically, the study was designed to identify the factors which are mostly influencing the investment decisions of investors. Employing descriptive research design; data were collected from individual investors who had traded in the MSM during the fourth quarter of 2018. The primary collected through structured questionnaire and the secondary data is collected from various sources from stock brokers, Journals and other sources respectively. The simple random sampling technique was applied and the collected data covering 16 variables of behavioural factors were analyzed using the factor analysis, principal component analysis with varimax rotation, and Analysis of Variance tools. The anchoring, mental accounting, movement of prices, volume of trade and market information factors emerged as the five principal determinants of investment strategy are the major findings of the study. The results might make investors and advisors to understand the optimal ways to improve on strategy for structuring optimum portfolio selection and how far this can be optimised further in terms of managing their investment behaviour.
Seasonal Evolution of the Quasi‐biennial Oscillation Impact on the Northern Hemisphere Polar Vortex in Winter

Using potential vorticity to define Northern Hemisphere (NH) stratospheric polar vortex strength and position, the influence of the QBO on the polar vortex in winter is analyzed. The results show that the weakened/enhanced NH polar vortex in the lower stratosphere during easterly/westerly QBO (E/WQBO) phases is more noticeable in January and February than in November and December. Furthermore, the NH polar vortex shows a shift toward the Eurasian continent and away from North America in winter during EQBO phases compared with that during WQBO phases, with a greater shift in January and February than in November and December. The weaker QBO impact on the zonal mean zonal wind and temperature in February found in previous studies may be related to the cancelling effects of opposite‐signed anomalies over Eurasia and North America induced by the polar vortex shift associated with the QBO. During EQBO phases the upper stratospheric easterly anomalies in early winter increase the frequency of negative refractive index in the middle and high latitudes in late winter. Less planetary wave 1 propagates upward into the upper stratosphere and more wave 1 accumulates in the lower stratosphere, leading to the weakening and shift of the polar vortex in late winter. In addition, the poleward displacement of the subtropical jet during EQBO phases causes more poleward propagation of synoptic‐scale waves in the lower stratosphere, and thus more Rossby wave breaking events over Eurasia in late winter than during WQBO phases, further weakening and shifting the polar vortex in EQBO phases.
High Spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS): System Overview and On-Orbit Performance Assessment

The High Spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS) is the first Chinese Fourier Transform Michelson interferometer onboard the FengYun 3D (FY-3D) polar-orbiting meteorological satellite launched on November 15, 2017. The FY-3D HIRAS provides infrared (IR) radiance spectra measurements in three spectral bands: the long-wave IR (LWIR) band from 650 to 1135 cm−1, middle-wave IR (MWIR) band from 1210 to 1750 cm−1, and short-wave IR (SWIR) band from 2155 to 2550 cm−1. The ground system processes the interferogram measurements into calibrated radiance spectra. In each cross-track scan, there are 29 observations, each with a field-of-regard (FOR) comprising an array of $2\times 2$ field of views. In a six-month intensive campaign period, the HIRAS system was tuned, characterized, and validated. For the operational Level 1 product, the radiance noise levels meet the specifications. The spectral frequency accuracy was improved by maximizing the spectral correlation between the measured and simulated spectra by tuning the instrument-line-shape parameters. The absolute spectral frequency biases are less than 3 part per million (ppm) for all the three bands, and spectral bias standard deviations are less than 3 ppm in the LWIR and MWIR bands, and are about 3–5 ppm in the SWIR band. The radiometric calibration uncertainties were assessed by the comparisons of the radiance spectra between HIRAS and other IR hyperspectral sensors on different satellites. The radiance differences of the cross-sensor comparisons are in general less than 0.3, 0.7, and 1.0 K in the LWIR, MWIR, and SWIR bands, respectively. The HIRAS spectra were also compared with the spectra simulated with a fast radiative transfer model. Some remaining issues for the FY-3D HIRAS are also discussed.
Parenchymal hypointense foci associated with medullary venous malformations: evaluation by susceptibility weighted MR imaging at 3.0 tesla

Poster: "ECR 2012 / C-1142 / Parenchymal hypointense foci associated with medullary venous malformations: evaluation by susceptibility weighted MR imaging at 3.0 tesla" by: "M. Takasugi, S. Fujii, S. Kitao, Y. Shinohara, Y. Kanasaki, T. Kaminou, T. Ogawa; Yonago/JP"
Antioxidant Recovery from Pomegranate Peel Waste by Integrating Maceration and Freeze Concentration Technology

Abstract Pomegranate peel, a by-product of pomegranate fruit is rich in antioxidants. It is being used as an animal feed or discarded to the environment, which could cause an environmental problem. A new integrated process of maceration and freeze concentration was studied to recover the antioxidants from the pomegranate peel. The low temperature used in the freeze concentration assists in concentrating a high quality of antioxidants. The concentrated peel solution was tested for an antioxidant activity via 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. It was found that methanol gave the best extraction of antioxidants from pomegranate peel. The highest antioxidant recovery with DPPH radical scavenging of 96.14 % was obtained at −16 °C of coolant temperature and 30 min of freezing time (p < 0.05). The integrated process has proven to be an effective method to recover the antioxidants from pomegranate peel and can be applied to recover other bioactive compounds.
Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised in a Non-Clinical Young Adult Sample

Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the distress caused by a variety of OCD symptoms; OCI-R comprises of 18 items that are equally divided into six subscales: Checking, Washing, Obsessing, Neutralization, Ordering, and Hoarding. Research so far has shown that OCI-R is a psychometrically sound measure with excellent validity and reliability. It is also appropriate for clinical and non-clinical populations and has been translated into several languages and has been validated in diverse cultural contexts. The aim of the present study was to validate OCI-R in the Greek language and to examine its psychometric properties in a Greek non-clinical sample. Three hundred and seventy one university students participated in this study. Measures used were OCI-R, the Padua Inventory (PI), the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Consequent analysis of collected data examined the factor structure of OCI-R and tested its convergent and divergent validity. The confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit for the model and replicated the results of other studies, meeting thus the requirements for the six-factor solution of the original scale. The Greek version of OCI-R maintained the good psychometric properties of the original English one. Internal consistency was excellent for the overall scale. Convergent and divergent validity was good and also confirmed previous similar findings.
The Effects of Drinking Water Treated with Energized Oxygen on Fattening Performance in Beef Cattle

Bu calisma ticari bir besi isletmesinde sigirlarin icme sularinin oksijence zenginlestirilerek hayvanlarin besi performansi ile karkas randimanlari uzerine olasi etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Calismada 9-10 aylik yaslardaki 10’ ar bas Simental ve Holstayn olmak uzere toplam 20 bas erkek dana kullanilmistir. Hayvanlar esit sayida iki gruba ayrilarak, birinci grup, isletmede halihazirda bulunan icme suyundan; ikinci gruptaki hayvanlar ise oksijence zenginlestirilmis icme suyundan tuketmistir. Holstaynlarin 6 aylik besi sonundaki canli agirligi 571,60 kg olurken; Simentallerin ise 615 kg olarak belirlenmis, ilk ay haric tum donemler icin irklar arasindaki farklar istatistiki acidan onemli (P 0.05). Yine oksijence zenginlestirilmis icme suyunu tuketen grubun besi suresindeki ortalama yemden yararlanma orani 7.18 olurken; ayni oran kuyu suyu tuketenler icin ise 7.26 olmustur. Calismada besi suresi sonrasinda kesime sevk edilen Simentallerde (%56.55), Holstaynlara gore (%54.83), zenginlestirilmis su tuketenlerde de (%56.02) kuyu suyu tuketenlere gore (%55.36) daha yuksek sicak karkas randimani degerleri belirlenmistir. Calisma, enerjilendirilmis oksijenli icme suyunun sigirlarda besi performansi uzerine olasi etkilerinin belirlenmesine yonelik ilk olma ozelligini tasimakta ve sonraki arastirmalar icin de onemli bir veri niteliginde olacagi dusunulmektedir.
Positive selection and gene duplications in tumour suppressor genes reveal clues about how cetaceans resist cancer

Cetaceans are the longest-living species of mammals and the largest in the history of the planet. They have developed mechanisms against diseases such cancer, although the underlying molecular bases of these remain unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of natural selection in the evolution of 1077 tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) in cetaceans. We used a comparative genomic approach to analyse two sources of molecular variation in the form of dN/dS rates and gene copy number variation. We found a signal of positive selection in the ancestor of cetaceans within the CXCR2 gene, an important regulator of DNA-damage, tumour dissemination, and immune system. Further, in the ancestor of baleen whales, we found six genes exhibiting positive selection relating to such diseases as breast carcinoma, lung neoplasm (ADAMTS8) and leukaemia (ANXA1). The TSG turnover rate (gene gain and loss) was almost 2.4-fold higher in cetaceans as compared to other mammals, and noticeably even faster in baleen whales. The molecular variants in TSGs found in baleen whales, combined with the faster gene turnover rate, could have favoured the evolution of their particular traits of anti-cancer resistance, gigantism and longevity. Additionally, we report 71 genes with duplications, of which 11 genes are linked to longevity (e.g. NOTCH3 and SIK1) and are important regulators of senescence, cell proliferation and metabolism. Overall, these results provide evolutionary evidence that natural selection in tumour suppressor genes could act on species with large body sizes and extended life span, providing novel insights into the genetic basis of disease resistance.
Attitudes towards an Online Hypnosis Intervention for Migraine

This study performed a retrospective analysis of participants’ feelings towards their migraines during a 6-week online hypnosis intervention. The initial intervention was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 43 participants. It examined the development and evaluation of an online hypnosis programme for the treatment of migraine. In the treatment group there was a 48% reduction in mean Headache Disability Index (HDI) score and a 60% reduction in mean Pain Catastrophizing Score (PCS) demonstrating that an online hypnosis intervention is effective in reducing headache symptoms in migraine sufferers. On completion of the RCT a subset of 14 participants from the treatment group were interviewed and filled out a questionnaire. Common themes were identified from their responses. Relaxation was identified as an important element in controlling migraines, with 65% of participants feeling more relaxed after listening to the mp3s. They also noted a change in thought patterns with a shift away from controlling or stopping migraines to managing migraines. This study has demonstrated for the first time that hypnosis delivered online is an effective method for altering participants’ thoughts towards their migraines, enabling them to feel more in control and able to manage their migraines.