Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identificação e tratamento da dor no recém-nascido prematuro na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

O estudo objetivou analisar os parâmetros utilizados pela equipe de enfermagem de um hospital publico da Bahia para a avaliacao da dor no recem-nascido prematuro e descrever as intervencoes utilizadas para aliviar a dor. Estudo descritivo e qualitativo, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez participantes, no periodo de dezembro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009, sendo analisados atraves da Analise de Conteudo. Os resultados apontaram a utilizacao do choro e expressao facial como parâmetros indicativos de dor; e que estes profissionais utilizam de forma nao sistematizada medidas nao farmacologicas para amenizar este processo. Sugere-se a introducao da dor como o quinto sinal vital a ser avaliado e a utilizacao de escalas, com vistas a excelencia e humanizacao do cuidado.
Convectively Driven Vortex Flows in the Sun

We have discovered small whirlpools in the Sun, with a size similar to terrestrial hurricanes (≲0.5 Mm). The theory of solar convection predicts them, but they had remained elusive so far. The vortex flows are created at the downdrafts where the plasma returns to the solar interior after cooling down, and we detect them because some magnetic bright points (BPs) follow a logarithmic spiral on their way to being engulfed by a downdraft. Our disk-center observations show 0.9 × 10−2 vortexes per Mm2, with a lifetime of the order of 5 minutes, and with no preferred sense of rotation. They are not evenly spread out over the surface, but they seem to trace the supergranulation and the mesogranulation. These observed properties are strongly biased by our type of measurement, unable to detect vortexes except when they are engulfing magnetic BPs.
Stability analysis and observational measurement in chameleonic generalised Brans-Dicke cosmology

We investigate the dynamics of the chameleonic Generalised Brans-Dicke model in flat FRW cosmology. In a new approach, a framework to study stability and attractor solutions in the phase space for the model is developed by simultaneously best fitting the stability and model parameters with the observational data. The results show that for an accelerating universe the phantom crossing does not occur in the past and near future.
Massive gravity on de Sitter and unique candidate for partially massless gravity

We derive the decoupling limit of Massive Gravity on de Sitter in an arbitrary number of space-time dimensions d. By embedding d-dimensional de Sitter into d+1-dimensional Minkowski, we extract the physical helicity-1 and helicity-0 polarizations of the graviton. The resulting decoupling theory is similar to that obtained around Minkowski. We take great care at exploring the partially massless limit and define the unique fully non-linear candidate theory that is free of the helicity-0 mode in the decoupling limit, and which therefore propagates only four degrees of freedom in four dimensions. In the latter situation, we show that a new Vainshtein mechanism is at work in the limit m2 → 2H2 which decouples the helicity-0 mode when the parameters are different from that of partially massless gravity. As a result, there is no discontinuity between massive gravity and its partially massless limit, just in the same way as there is no discontinuity in the massless limit of massive gravity. The usual bounds on the graviton mass could therefore equivalently well be interpreted as bounds on m2−2H2. When dealing with the exact partially massless parameters, on the other hand, the symmetry at m2 = 2H2 imposes a specific constraint on matter. As a result the helicity-0 mode decouples without even the need of any Vainshtein mechanism.
Incorporation of Hydroxyl Terminated Polydimethylsiloxane into Dgeba Epoxy Resins via Condensation of Hydroxyl Groups : Preliminary Approach

We have successfully synthesised diglycidylether bisphenol-A (DGEBA)/hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS) grafting copolymer through condensation of hydroxyl groups. Diethylenetriamine (DETA) was used as a curing agent to crosslink DGEBA and DGEBA-HTPDMS. The chemical structure of the DGEBA-HTPDMS grafting copolymer was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The introduction of HTPDMS in the DGEBA system slightly increase resilience properties and reduced hardness Shore-D. No phase separation was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the thermal stability of the DGEBA system improved. While the presence of HTPDMS shows more stability towards the solvent. These results showed Si-O-Si segments can enhance the properties of the existing DGEBA.
Response to Drs

1. Oxentenko AS, Grisolano SW, Murray JA, et al. The insensitivity of endoscopic markers in celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:933–8. 2. Bardella MT, Minoli G, Radaelli F, et al. Reevaluation of duodenal endoscopic markers in the diagnosis of celiac disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;51:714–6. 3. Bardella MT, Minoli G, Ravizza D, et al. Increased prevalence of celiac disease in patients with dyspepsia. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1489–91. 4. Radaelli F, Minoli G, Bardella MT, et al. Celiac disease among patients referred for routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: Prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of duodenal endoscopic markers. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95;1089–90. 5. Brocchi E, Tomassetti P, Misitano B, et al. Endoscopic markers in adult coeliac disease. Dig Liv Dis 2002;34:177–82.
On the basis property of the system of eigenfunctions and associated functions of a one-dimensional Dirac operator

We study a one-dimensional Dirac system on a finite interval. The potential (a matrix) is assumed to be complex- valued and integrable. The boundary conditions are assumed to be regular in the sense of Birkhoff. It is known that such an operator has a discrete spectrum and the system of its eigenfunctions and associated functions is a Riesz basis (possibly with brackets) in . Our results concern the basis property of this system in the spaces for , the Sobolev spaces for , and the Besov spaces .
Consistency relations for the conformal mechanism

We systematically derive the consistency relations associated to the non-linearly realized symmetries of theories with spontaneously broken conformal symmetry but with a linearly-realized de Sitter subalgebra. These identities relate (N+1)-point correlation functions with a soft external Goldstone to N-point functions. These relations have direct implications for the recently proposed conformal mechanism for generating density perturbations in the early universe. We study the observational consequences, in particular a novel one-loop contribution to the four-point function, relevant for the stochastic scale-dependent bias and CMB μ-distortion.
El estado de las lesiones causadas por el tránsito en México: evidencias para fortalecer la estrategia mexicana de seguridad vial

Mediante la revision de informacion secundaria oficial, publicaciones cientificas y el analisis de la ENSANut-2012, este trabajo busca proveer una vision integral de la magnitud actual de las lesiones causadas por el transito (LCT) en Mexico y analizar criticamente la respuesta social organizada. Las altas tasas de choques, lesiones, muertes y discapacidad atribuidas a este problema de salud publica, representan un elevado costo para la sociedad mexicana, en especial para los hogares. Se discute como la respuesta mexicana se ha enfocado a los automovilistas, dejando fuera a usuarios vulnerables de la via publica y se ha privilegiado la implementacion de estrategias poco efectivas. A pesar de que se dispone de legislacion para los principales factores de riesgo, se ha descuidado su correcta aplicacion. La estrategia mexicana podria fortalecerse implementando estrategias de movilidad seguras, equitativas, saludables y sostenibles para los diferentes actores de la via publica. A pesar de los avances que se han dado en terminos de prevencion de LCT, existen aun retos y oportunidades para el pais.
Numerical model for analysis of stress-ribbon bridges

U radu je prikazan razvijeni numericki model za analizu prednapetih provjesenih mostova opterecenih kratkotrajnim statickim, dinamickim i dugotrajnim opterecenjenjima i djelovanjima. Model simulira najvažnije nelinearne efekte ponasanja takvih konstrukcija, ukljucujuci nelinearno ponasanje gradiva, promjene geometrije konstrukcije, nastajanje konstrukcije u fazama, prednapinjanje i sl. Prikazana su osnovna rjesenja provjesenog mosta preko rijeke Cetine kod Zadvarja, te neki rezultati njegovog proracuna s pomocu razvijenog numerickog modela.
In-fibre Bragg grating sensors

In-fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are one of the most exciting developments in the field of optical fibre sensors in recent years. Compared with conventional fibre-optic sensors, FBG sensors have a number of distinguishing advantages. Significant progress has been made in applications to strain and temperature measurements. FBG sensors prove to be one of the most promising candidates for fibre-optic smart structures. This article presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of FBG sensor technology regarding many aspects including sensing principles, properties, fabrication, interrogation and multiplexing of FBG sensors. It is anticipated that FBG sensor systems will be commercialized and widely applied in practice in the near future due to the maturity of economical production of FBGs and the availability of cost effective interrogation and multiplexing techniques.
Relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire for pregnant women.

PURPOSE Pregnant women's diets should be monitored to ensure adequacy, but few studies have assessed the validity of dietary assessment tools among pregnant women. We examined the relative validity of a self-administered, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) adapted for use in the International Trial of Antioxidants in the Prevention of Preeclampsia for assessing usual diet during pregnancy. METHODS A subsample (n=107) was recruited for the FFQ validation study, and provided three days of nonconsecutive three-day food records (3D-FRs) following completion of the FFQ. RESULTS Mean ± standard deviation (median) energy intakes (kcal/kJ) from the FFQ and mean of 3D-FRs were 1963 ± 610 (1860)/8219 ± 2554 (7787) and 2320 ± 607 (2354)/9713 ± 2541 (9856), respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients between unadjusted FFQ and 3D-FRs nutrients were positive (rS ranged from 0.17 for iron to 0.49 for folate) and were generally statistically significant (0.05<p<0.01). Most energy-adjusted correlations were less robust. Cross-classification of energy and 24 nutrients from the FFQ and means of the 3D-FRs placed 35% of them into identical quartiles and 75% into identical and contiguous quartiles; only 6% were frankly misclassified. Bland-Altman plots showed acceptable agreement between the two instruments. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the FFQ is a relatively valid instrument for determining usual diet in pregnant women.
General conditions for scale-invariant perturbations in an expanding universe

We investigate the general properties of expanding cosmological models which generate scale-invariant curvature perturbations in the presence of a variable speed of sound. We show that in an expanding universe, generation of a super-Hubble, nearly scale-invariant spectrum of perturbations over a range of wavelengths consistent with observation requires at least one of three conditions: (1) accelerating expansion, (2) a speed of sound faster than the speed of light, or (3) super-Planckian energy density.
Static wormholes on the brane inspired by Kaluza-Klein gravity

We use static solutions of 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein gravity to generate several classes of static, spherically symmetric spacetimes which are analytic solutions to the equation (4)R = 0, where (4)R is the four-dimensional Ricci scalar. In the Randall & Sundrum scenario they can be interpreted as vacuum solutions on the brane. The solutions contain the Schwarzschild black hole, and generate new families of traversable Lorenzian wormholes as well as nakedly singular spacetimes. They generalize a number of previously known solutions in the literature, e.g., the temporal and spatial Schwarzschild solutions of braneworld theory as well as the class of self-dual Lorenzian wormholes. A major departure of our solutions from Lorenzian wormholes a la Morris and Thorne is that, for certain values of the parameters of the solutions, they contain three spherical surfaces (instead of one) which are extremal and have finite area. Two of them have the same size, meet the ``flare-out" requirements, and show the typical violation of the energy conditions that characterizes a wormhole throat. The other extremal sphere is ``flaring-in" in the sense that its sectional area is a local maximum and the weak, null and dominant energy conditions are satisfied in its neighborhood. After bouncing back at this second surface a traveler crosses into another space which is the double of the one she/he started in. Another interesting feature is that the size of the throat can be less than the Schwarzschild radius 2M, which no longer defines the horizon, i.e., to a distant observer a particle or light falling down crosses the Schwarzschild radius in a finite time.
Motion of vacancies in a pinned vortex lattice: origin of the Hall anomaly

Physical arguments are presented to show that the Hall anomaly is an effect of the vortex many-body correlation rather than that of an individual vortex. Quantitatively, the characteristic energy scale in the problem, the vortex vacancy formation energy, is obtained for thin films. At low temperatures a scaling relation between the Hall and longitudinal resistivities is found, with the power depending on sample details. Near the superconducting transition temperature and for small magnetic fields the Hall conductivity is found to be proportional to the inverse of the magnetic field and to the quadratic of the difference between the measured and the transition temperatures.
Energy use and energy intensity of the U.S. chemical industry - eScholarship

The U.S. chemical industry is the largest in the world, and responsible for about 11 percent of the U.S. industrial production measured as value added. It consumes approximately 20 percent of total industrial energy consumption in the U.S. (1994), and contributes in similar proportions to U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Surprisingly, there is not much information on energy use and energy intensity in the chemical industry available in the public domain. This report provides detailed information on energy use and energy intensity for the major groups of energy-intensive chemical products. Ethylene production is the major product in terms of production volume of the petrochemical industry. The petrochemical industry (SIC 2869) produces a wide variety of products. However, most energy is used for a small number of intermediate compounds, of which ethylene is the most important one. Based on a detailed assessment we estimate fuel use for ethylene manufacture at 520 PJ (LHV), excluding feedstock use. Energy intensity is estimated at 26 GJ/tonne ethylene (LHV), excluding feedstocks.The nitrogenous fertilizer production is a very energy intensive industry, producing a variety of fertilizers and other nitrogen-compounds. Ammonia is the most important intermediate chemical compound, used as basis for almost all products. Fuel use is estimated at 268 PJ (excluding feedstocks) while 368 PJ natural gas is used as feedstock. Electricity consumption is estimated at 14 PJ. We estimate the energy intensity of ammonia manufacture at 39.3 GJ/tonne (including feedstocks, HHV) and 140 kWh/tonne, resulting in a specific primary energy consumption of 40.9 GJ/tonne (HHV), equivalent to 37.1 GJ/tonne (LHV). Excluding natural gas use for feedstocks the primary energy consumption is estimated at 16.7 GJ/tonne (LHV). The third most important product from an energy perspective is the production of chlorine and caustic soda. Chlorine is produced through electrolysis of a salt-solution. Chlorine production is the main electricity consuming process in the chemical industry, next to oxygen and nitrogen production. We estimate final electricity use at 173 PJ (48 TWh) and fuel use of 38 PJ. Total primary energy consumption is estimated at 526 PJ (including credits for hydrogen export). The energy intensity is estimated at an electricity consumption of 4380 kWh/tonne chlorine and fuel consumption of 3.45 GJ/tonne chlorine, where all energy use is allocated to chlorine production. Assuming an average power generation efficiency of 33 percent the primary energy consumption is estimated at 47.8 GJ/tonne chlorine (allocating all energy use to chlorine).
Constraints on Λ(t)-cosmology with power law interacting dark sectors

Motivated by the cosmological constant and the coincidence problems, we consider a cosmological model where the cosmological constant Λ0 is replaced by a cosmological term Λ(t) which is allowed to vary in time. More specifically, we are considering that this dark energy term interacts with dark matter through the phenomenological decay law ρ̇Λ = −QρΛn. We have constrained the model for the range n∊[0,10] using various observational data (SNeIa, GRB, CMB, BAO, OHD), emphasizing the case where n = 3/2. This case is the only one where the late-time value for the ratio of dark energy density and matter energy density ρΛ/ρm is constant, which could provide an interesting explanation to the coincidence problem. We obtain strong limits on the model parameters which however exclude the region where the coincidence or the cosmological constant problems are significantly ameliorated.
Gestión de residuos generados en la atención domiciliaria prestada por la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la gestion de los residuos generados por la atencion domiciliaria. Los datos fueron recolectados a traves de la observacion de la atencion prestada por los profesionales y usuarios y/o cuidadores. Los datos fueron registrados en un check list desarrollado de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la RDC 306. Los desechos generados fueron los siguientes: jeringas (38,1%), agujas (36,5%), esparadrapos (31,7%), gasa (31,7%) y lancetas (28,5%). Los residuos en el grupo A no fueron separados en todas las oportunidades y las del grupo E fueron 100% segregados y el 10,5% por los profesionales y usuarios, respectivamente. Se concluye que, dadas las inadecuaciones encontradas, se requiere amplio debate colectivo para la propuesta de politicas publicas que atiendan a las especificaciones del manejo de residuos de los servicios de salud en los hogares, con el objetivo de proveer seguridad a los trabajadores, la comunidad y el medio ambiente.
Voids and overdensities of coupled Dark Energy

We investigate the clustering properties of dynamical Dark Energy even in association of a possible coupling between Dark Energy and Dark Matter. We find that within matter inhomogeneities, Dark Energy migth form voids as well as overdensity depending on how its background energy density evolves. Consequently and contrarily to what expected, Dark Energy fluctuations are found to be slightly suppressed if a coupling with Dark Matter is permitted. When considering density contrasts and scales typical of superclusters, voids and supervoids, perturbations amplitudes range from |δϕ| ∼ 𝒪(10−6) to |δϕ| ∼ 𝒪(10−4) indicating an almost homogeneous Dark Energy component.
An experimental investigation on intra-fractional organ motion effects in lung IMRT treatments

Respiration-induced tumour motion can potentially compromise the use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) as a dose escalation tool for lung tumour treatment. We have experimentally investigated the intra-fractional organ motion effects in lung IMRT treatments delivered by multi-leaf collimator (MLC). An in-house made motor-driven platform, which moves sinusoidally with an amplitude of 1 cm and a period of 4 s, was used to mimic tumour motion. Tumour motion was simulated along cranial-caudal direction while MLC leaves moved across the patient from left to right, as in most clinical cases. The dose to a point near the centre of the tumour mass was measured according to geometric and dosimetric parameters from two five-field lung IMRT plans. For each field, measurement was done for two dose rates (300 and 500 MU min−1), three MLC delivery modes (sliding window, step-and-shoot with 10 and 20 intensity levels) and eight equally spaced starting phases of tumour motion. The dose to the measurement point delivered from all five fields was derived for both a single fraction and 30 fractions by randomly sampling from measured dose values of each field at different initial phases. It was found that the mean dose to a moving tumour differs slightly (<2–3%) from that to a static tumour. The variation in breathing phase at the start of dose delivery results in a maximum variation around the mean dose of greater than 30% for one field. The full width at half maximum for the probability distribution of the point dose is up to 8% for all five fields in a single fraction, but less than 1–2% after 30 fractions. In general, lower dose rate can reduce the motion-caused dose variation and therefore might be preferable for lung IMRT when no motion mitigation techniques are used. From the two IMRT cases we studied where tumour motion is perpendicular to MLC leaf motion, the dose variation was found to be insensitive to the MLC delivery mode.
Analytic models of plausible gravitational lens potentials

Gravitational lenses on galaxy scales are plausibly modelled as having ellipsoidal symmetry and a universal dark matter density profile, with a Sérsic profile to describe the distribution of baryonic matter. Predicting all lensing effects requires knowledge of the total lens potential: in this work we give analytic forms for that of the above hybrid model. Emphasising that complex lens potentials can be constructed from simpler components in linear combination, we provide a recipe for attaining elliptical symmetry in either projected mass or lens potential. We also provide analytic formulae for the lens potentials of Sérsic profiles for integer and half-integer index. We then present formulae describing the gravitational lensing effects due to smoothly-truncated universal density profiles in cold dark matter model. For our isolated haloes the density profile falls off as radius to the minus fifth or seventh power beyond the tidal radius, functional forms that allow all orders of lens potential derivatives to be calculated analytically, while ensuring a non-divergent total mass. We show how the observables predicted by this profile differ from that of the original infinite-mass NFW profile. Expressions for the gravitational flexion are highlighted. We show how decreasing the tidal radius allows stripped haloes to be modelled, providing a framework for a fuller investigation of dark matter substructure in galaxies and clusters. Finally we remark on the need for finite mass halo profiles when doing cosmological ray-tracing simulations, and the need for readily-calculable higher order derivatives of the lens potential when studying catastrophes in strong lenses.