Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Variation of Tri1 Gene and Development of PCR–RFLP Analysis for the Identification of NX Genotypes in Fusarium graminearum Species Complex

NX toxins have been described as a novel group of type A trichothecenes produced by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC). Differences in structure between NX toxins and the common type B trichothecenes arise from functional variation in the trichothecene biosynthetic enzyme Tri1 in the FGSC. The identified highly conserved changes in the Tri1 gene can be used to develop specific PCR-based assays to identify the NX-producing strains. In this study, the sequences of the Tri1 gene from type B trichothecene- and NX-producing strains were analyzed to identify DNA polymorphisms between the two different kinds of trichothecene producers. Four sets of Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods were successfully developed to distinguish the common type B trichothecene producers and NX producers within FGSC. These promising diagnostic methods can be used for high-throughput genotype detection of Fusarium strains as a step forward for crop disease management and mycotoxin control in agriculture. Additionally, it was found that the Tri1 gene phylogeny differs from the species phylogeny, which is consistent with the previous studies.
Impact of Convection‐Permitting and Model Resolution on the Simulation of Mesoscale Convective System Properties Over East Asia

In this study, two limited‐area convection‐permitting models (ICON‐CPMs) and convection‐parameterized models (ICON‐CParMs) covering the Asia monsoon region from ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model are conducted to investigate the sensitivities of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) to convection configurations and horizontal resolutions. We find that ICON‐CPMs outperform ICON‐CParMs and ERA5 in number, lifetime, size, shape, orientation, effective speed, and MCS‐mean precipitation. Compared to the satellite observation, MCSs in ICON‐CParMs and ERA5 are oversized (30%–66%) and have longer (21%–29%) lifetimes but occur less (37%–46%) frequently. When turning off the convection scheme, performances are improved to a large extent. The underestimation of MCS‐mean precipitation rates in ICON‐CParMs and ERA5 are improved in ICON‐CPMs. Moisture budgets show that low‐level winds rather than moisture determine the strength of MCS‐mean precipitation rate. The strong low‐level convergence produces strong updrafts in ICON‐CPMs and eventually results in strong MCS precipitation. The overly intense convective precipitation of MCSs in CPMs is an inherent problem since the scale of convection triggered at the gray zone grid spacing is larger than that in the real world. Although the MCS‐mean precipitation rate is closer to the satellite observation in ICON‐CPMs, it is actually a compensation for overly strong convective precipitation and overly weak stratiform precipitation. Upgrading resolution from 8 to 4 km in ICON‐CPMs has benefits in simulating MCS lifetime, size, shape, orientation, and precipitation but not in MCS number.
Detection of sinkholes developed on shaly Ordovician limestones, Hamilton County, Ohio, using digital topographic data; dependence of topographic expression of sinkholes on scale, contour interval, and slope

The Ohio Geological Survey has recently published a map at a scale of 1:500,000 showing the locations of known and probable karst areas in Ohio (Pavey et al. 1999). Most of the karst areas in the state are underlain by relatively pure Silurian and Devonian carbonates; the units most prone to karstification are the Silurian Peebles Dolomite and the Devonian Columbus Limestone (Pavey et al. 1999). However, the map also shows a number of karst features developed on the interbedded shales and limestones of Upper Ordovician age in southwestern Ohio. In particular, the karst areas of Hamilton County, which are developed on some extremely shaly limestones, have never been described or mapped at any larger scale. This paper provides the results of some detailed mapping of sinkholes in a small area near Cincinnati. The results of this mapping exercise have implications for the practice of locating sinkholes on US Geological Survey (USGS) 1:24,000 topographic maps. A qualitative comparison of the mapped locations of the sinkholes with 2 topographic data sets show that contours from the USGS quadrangle maps do not predict the presence of sinkholes as well as contours plotted at a scale of 1:100. Even this higher-resolution data set (from the Cincinnati Area Geographic Information System) does not give a true picture of the number, density, nor size of sinkholes in the field area.
Complex Combination of Pulmonary Embolism, Stroke, and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Young Patient with Recent COVID-19 Infection and Newly Diagnosed Lung Carcinoma

Abstract BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are very rarely all present in younger patients without classical risk factors or a family history of dyslipidemia or cardiovascular disease. They represent a medical emergency and necessitate fast diagnosis, treatment, and search for etiology, not explained purely by atherosclerosis. Thrombophilia testing should be considered in younger patients with several major thrombotic episodes, although there is much disagreement concerning the importance of homocysteine level testing in patients with arterial and venous thrombotic events, including PE. COVID-19 infection may trigger several thrombotic complications caused by unique immunothrombotic processes. CASE PRESENTATION A 44-year-old patient complaining of chest pain was admitted at our clinic due to acute anterior STEMI. He has a previous medical history of ischemic stroke, COVID-19 infection, and PE in the past 2 months. Newly, diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma was confirmed by biopsy 10 days before STEMI admission, without surgical or previous hemotherapy. The patient was on regular anticoagulant therapy with rivaroxaban 20 mg OAD and antiplatelet therapy with Aspirin due to previous PE and ischemic stroke. Patient denied standard risk factors, family history for cardiovascular disease or any previous minor or major bleedings, history of anemia, liver, or renal dysfunction. Acute stroke was confirmed by brain computed tomography imaging. Thrombophilia panel testing revealed homozygote mutations for MTHFR 677 gene, heterozygote mutation for integrin subunit alpha 2, and fibrinogen B beta chain) genes. The patient was treated with low molecular weight heparin, aspirin, clopidogrel, and heart failure therapy in the acute phase. Clinical consultations were performed with a team of doctors which included a cardiologist, neurologist, and oncologist. Patients have a high bleeding risk, assessed by HAS-BLEED score of 4. CONCLUSION Our patient is a rare case of serious multi-vascular thrombotic events with underlying thrombophilia, lung cancer, and past COVID-19 infection complicated by pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, and STEMI.
Quality Characteristics of Raspberry Fruits from Dormancy Plants and Their Feasibility as Food Ingredients

The raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a soft red fruit consumed worldwide due to its bitter-sweet taste and phenolics-associated health benefits. During plant dormancy, raspberry fruits are discarded. However, this work hypothesised that these fruits have the chemical quality to be valorised, which would mitigate their waste if adequately stabilised. This can be achieved by drying. The Pacific Deluxe and Versailles varieties were dried by freeze- and convective-drying (30 °C and 40 °C). The freeze-dried fruits preserved their colour, drupelets structure, and phenolic content. Convective-drying promoted a significant fruit darkening, which was more evident at 30 °C due to the longer drying process, and a loss of drupelets structure. Both temperatures promoted a similar decrease in phenolic content, as determined by HPLC, although the ABTS●+ antioxidant activity at 40 °C was lower (IC50 = 9 compared to 13 μg AAE/mg dry weight). To incorporate dried raspberries into muffin formulations, while keeping their red colour, it was necessary to change the raising agent from sodium bicarbonate to baker’s yeast. Sensory analysis by a non-trained panel revealed good acceptance, showing that fresh or dried raspberry fruits from dormancy had suitable characteristics for use as food ingredients.
The use of ascorbic acid in ovo feeding for poultry embryos and its effect on egg hatchability, embryo mortality, chicks’ weight, and gastrointestinal tract development

– Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is essential for the development of eggs and chicks due to its various important roles in biological processes such as collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, iron absorption, immune system support, neurological development and enzyme cofactor. The injection of nutrients in ovo is a valuable technique used in poultry production due to the possibility of early nutrient delivery to chick embryos and improvement of this development. Front this, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid use to in ovo feeding for poultry embryos. A total of 350 Rhode Island Red fertile eggs with viable embryos were randomly distributed in seven treatments with 50 replicates (eggs) each. The treatments were control (untreated eggs), eggs subjected to a saline solution (0.50% NaCl) and solutions containing increased levels of ascorbic acid (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25%). Evaluation of hatchability, embryo mortality, chicks’ weight, and gastrointestinal tract development were performed. The increased addition of ascorbic acid in solutions to in ovo feeding caused a linear decrease (P≤0.05) on hatchability, a linear increase (P≤0.05) on intermediary embryo mortality. It was also observed a linear decrease (P≤0.05) in late embryo mortality. In ovo injection of solutions with 0.50% of ascorbic acid provided heavier (P≤0.05) chicks at birth with better (P≤0.05) gizzard development. However, in ovo injection of ascorbic acid did not affect (P>0.05) the general development of the gastrointestinal tract. In conclusion, in ovo injection of ascorbic acid affected hatching characteristics. Increasing levels of ascorbic acid resulted in a linear decrease on hatchability and a sudden increase in intermediary embryo mortality. In ovo injection of solutions with 0.50% of ascorbic acid provided heavier chicks at birth with better gizzard development. However, it did not affect the development of the gastrointestinal tract of chicks with 1 day-old.
Paleoethnobotanical Sampling Adequacy and Ubiquity

ABSTRACT Archaeological researchers and compliance review officers need to know whether or not a research plan will yield sufficient information to meet research objectives. Despite the need, a key question is often not addressed in proposals or reports: how many flotation samples are sufficient to adequately characterize the food procurement practices at an archaeological site? This article reviews the relationship between ubiquity and statistical probability. By considering the relationship between theoretical ubiquity, measured ubiquity, population ubiquity, and statistical probability, archaeological researchers and compliance officers may assess how many samples must be analyzed in order to adequately characterize the paleoethnobotanical assemblage from a site. These considerations generally apply to any other archaeological data in which presence-absence measures are commonly used and are especially relevant to diet-breadth models in the interest arena of behavioral ecology. Los investigadores arqueológicos y los oficiales de revisión de conformidad necesitan saber si un plan de investigación rendirá información suficiente para lograr las metas de la investigación. A pesar de esta necesidad, hay una pregunta clave que las propuestas o informes suelen dejar sin respuesta: «¿Cuantas muestras de flotación son suficientes para caracterizar adecuadamente las prácticas de obtención de comida en un sitio arqueológico? ». Este artículo repasa la relación entre los conceptos de ubicuidad y probabilidad estadística. Considerando la relación entre la ubicuidad teorética, la ubicuidad medida, la ubicuidad de la población y la probabilidad estadística, los investigadores arqueológicos y los oficiales de conformidad pueden evaluar el número de muestras necesarias para caracterizar adecuadamente la colección paleoetnobotánica de un sitio. Estas consideraciones se pueden aplicar generalmente a casos arqueológicos en los que se utilizan medidas de presencia-ausencia y son especialmente relevantes para modelos de amplitud de dieta en ecología del comportamiento.
Study on multi-effect mechanical vapor recompression systems used for the concentration of industrial high salt wastewater

Multi-effect mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) system is an effective technology for con - centrating industrial high-salt wastewater that has high boiling point elevation (BPE). To mini - mize the technical requirements of steam compressor, a superheat eliminator is incorporated in the multi-effect MVR system. By employing the Aspen Plus software, simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the modified single-effect to five-effect MVR systems in concentrat - ing calcium chloride solute from 5% to 30%. With the simulation results, impact of the number of evaporators and heat transfer temperature difference, along with the benefit of superheat elimina - tor are analyzed. This analysis aims to guide the optimal design of a multi-effect MVR device. It is concluded that the heat transfer temperature difference should not be higher than 9°C for sys - tems with more than three evaporators. The addition of evaporators leads to higher pressure ratio of the compressor and increased consumption of fresh steam. The operation costs of two-effect system and three-effect system are similar. Furthermore, the benefit derived from the superheat eliminator, in terms of power and suction volume reduction, become more pronounced as the BPE increases. Incorporating energy-efficient devices for fresh steam generation can further facilitate the utilization of multi-effect MVR systems for high-salt wastewater concentration.
Association Between Serum Ferritin Levels in Early Pregnancy and Thyroid Function and Pregnancy Outcomes in Chinese Population

Background The relationship of iron deficiency and thyroid hormone has been researched a lot among pregnant or other healthy population. However, invisible iron deficiency, namely shortage of serum ferritin (sFer) level, has been barely investigated among Chinese pregnant women. This study aimed to explore the effects of sFer status on thyroid function and pregnancy outcomes in a population-based upper first-class hospital. Methods A total of 781 singleton pregnant women of gestation in Shanghai General Hospital took part in this retrospective cohort study. The participants were divided into four groups by quartiles of serum ferritin levels (Q1–4). Binary logistic regressions were used to examine the strength of association between the different traits and the serum ferritin (sFer) quartiles separately, where Q1 (lowest ferritin quartile) was taken as the base reference. One-way ANOVA was adopted to compare the averages of the different variables across sFer quartiles. Categorical measures were compared by Fisher exact test or chi-square test. Results As the sFer concentration rises, incidence of premature birth (15.8%vs 12.3% vs 9.20% vs 6.20% p = 0.016) as well as threatened miscarriage (14.8% vs 7.2% vs 8.70% vs 6.70% p = 0.021) presented a downward trend. Compared with the other sFer group, subjects of the low sFer group were older, more often to be found to have lower serum γT3 and FT4 levels in early pregnancy but not in middle pregnancy. Conclusion sFer concentration in the first trimester can affect thyroid function. The correction of invisible iron deficiency with inadequate sFer status prior to pregnancy or during early pregnancy is imperative, not only to prevent anemia, but also for maintaining optimum thyroid function and normal fetal development. For clinicians, sFer status of pregnant women should be attached great importance apart from attention to iron level.
Simultaneous Dry and Gel-Based High-Density Electroencephalography Recordings

Evaluations of new dry, high-density EEG caps have only been performed so far with serial measurements and not with simultaneous (parallel) measurements. For a first comparison of gel-based and dry electrode performance in simultaneous high-density EEG measurements, we developed a new EEG cap comprising 64 gel-based and 64 dry electrodes and performed simultaneous measurements on ten volunteers. We analyzed electrode–skin impedances, resting state EEG, triggered eye blinks, and visual evoked potentials (VEPs). To overcome the issue of different electrode positions in the comparison of simultaneous measurements, we performed spatial frequency analysis of the simultaneously measured EEGs using spatial harmonic analysis (SPHARA). The impedances were 516 ± 429 kOhm (mean ± std) for the dry electrodes and 14 ± 8 kOhm for the gel-based electrodes. For the dry EEG electrodes, we obtained a channel reliability of 77%. We observed no differences between dry and gel-based recordings for the alpha peak frequency and the alpha power amplitude, as well as for the VEP peak amplitudes and latencies. For the VEP, the RMSD and the correlation coefficient between the gel-based and dry recordings were 1.7 ± 0.7 μV and 0.97 ± 0.03, respectively. We observed no differences in the cumulative power distributions of the spatial frequency components for the N75 and P100 VEP peaks. The differences for the N145 VEP peak were attributed to the different noise characteristics of gel-based and dry recordings. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the equivalence of simultaneous dry and gel-based high-density EEG measurements.
Up-regulated pathways in response to Deformed Wing Virus infection in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Transmission of viruses by Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman to bees has been identified as one of the main threats to Apis mellifera L. colonies. It has also been suggested that synergistic parasite-pathogen interaction mediated by A. mellifera immunity can drive the collapse of honey bee colonies. We analyzed the relationship between deformed wing virus (DWV) viral load and gene expression levels of Toll Wheeler, cactus, domeless, TEPA, nitric oxide synthase, hymenoptaecin, vitellogenin, defensin, abaecin in winter bee samples of A. mellifera with and without deformed wings. Samples were collected from hives in the field with high V. destructor infestation. In bees with deformed wings we found an increase in DWV titre and upregulation of genes in the Jak-STAT signalling pathway
Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of University Students of Pediatrics Basic Life Support

Background: Pediatric cardiac arrest in the out-of-hospital setting is a traumatic event for family, friends, classmates, and school personnel. Children who receive immediate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation showed improved survival dramatically. Aim: to improve the baseline knowledge and practice of pediatric basic life support among university students who will be responsible for children during their work. Subjects and methods: This is a cross sectional study of representative sample of students in the first year from the Faculties of Medicine, Nursing, Dentistry and Education at Suez Canal University. After and before efficacy study of training program assessing knowledge and practice of Pediatric Basic Life Support (PBLS) was done through online questionnaire to prevent grouping during the time of COVID19 pandemic. Results: The main outcome of the study was that the overall knowledge score increased significantly after the workshop 6.07±1.7 comparing with before the workshop 4.67±1.6 (P <0.001) and the overall practice score increased significantly after the workshop 5.65±1.7 comparing with before the workshop 3.97±1.5 proving that the web-based learning and video-based self-learning are successful in improving the knowledge and practice of the trainee. Conclusion: Overall, there was a significantly improvement of all participants regarding the knowledge and practice of the pediatric life support (PBLS).
THE INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC INVESTORS ON THE PRICE AND VOLUME OF STOCKS THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE: TESTING JANUARY EFFECT

This research aims to test and find empirical theoretical evidence regarding the influence of January on changes in stock prices and volume by foreign and domestic investors. The research method uses a quantitative method. The researcher uses sample data on the LQ-45 company's stock return report on January 2, 2020 to 2023 from Indonesia Stock Exchange by using Multiple Regression Analysis with IBM SPSS 20. This research has found that partially foreign and domestic investor have significant impact on volume of stock while Domestic investor have significant impact on price stock but Foreign Investor does not significant impact on price stock. Simultaneously Foreign and domestic investor have significant impact on price and volume of stock. The contribution and benefit of this research is to expand the scientific and theoretical models of the January effect based on trading prices and share volume by foreign and domestic investors
Gender, Residential Location, and Household Travel: Empirical Findings from Low‐income Urban Settlements in Durban, South Africa

Abstract Urban development and transport policies designed to improve the livelihoods of poor communities need to consider the particular needs of women to be effective. Gender roles are played out in a spatial world, and can thus be expected to vary across the urban landscape. The paper examines empirical relationships between spatial factors—in particular residential location within the city—and travel behaviour for men and women in a cross‐section of low‐income communities in a large metropolitan area in South Africa. Data from a comprehensive household survey show that locality has a significant influence on gender experiences of mobility. Gender differences are greatest in more distant, rural localities, although site‐specific characteristics such as walking access to social services, informal work, and small‐scale agriculture help alleviate women’s inequitable travel burdens. Central localities display the smallest differences between men and women’s travel habits, supporting the notion that the high access afforded by centrally located housing helps to promote the satisfaction of women’s daily needs as well as their strategic empowerment. Households in peri‐urban and peripheral localities suffer the highest travel burdens, having neither the high access of a central location nor the livelihoods‐enhancing amenities of a rural environment. Women bear a large part of this burden. Urban development strategies to benefit the urban poor while promoting gender equity are highlighted, including an added emphasis on the provision of social and educational infrastructure within closer proximity to peripheral residential areas, coupled with better pedestrian access.