Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Midtropospheric Winds in the Evolution and Maintenance of Low-Level Mesocyclones

Abstract Using a three-dimensional numerical model, supercell simulations initialized in environments characterized by hodographs with large curvature in the lowest 3 km and a range of linear midlevel shears are investigated. For low values of the midlevel shear (0.005 s−1), the storm develops a mesocyclone at the lowest model level within the first hour of the simulation. The gust front starts to move ahead of the main updraft and cuts off the inflow to the storm by approximately 2 h, resulting in decay of the initial storm and growth of a new rotating storm on the outflow. As the midlevel shear increases to approximately 0.010 s−1, the initial development of the low-level mesocyclone is delayed, but the mesocyclone that develops is more persistent, lasting for over 2 h. Further increases of the shear to 0.015 s−1 result in the suppression of any low-level mesocyclone, despite the presence of intense rotation at midlevels of the storm. We hypothesize that differences in the distribution of precipitation .
Lattice model for ferroelectric thin film materials including surface effects: Investigation on the “depolarizing” field properties

Ferroelectric properties of thin film materials like lead zirconate titanate differ from those observed for bulk material. It is well known that the surface can strongly influence phase transition phenomena. By the use of a thermodynamical approach, very similar to those generally used to describe phase transitions, we have proposed for studying ferroelectric states a two dimensional lattice model which allowed us to account for surface effects. These surface effects described by an inhomogeneous Landau–Devonshire theory were suggested to produce a finite size effect even if the surface charge is compensated at the metallic electrodes. The manifestations of the field induced by the bound charges in the polarization switching is discussed and is shown to depend strongly on the bulk correlation length and on the extrapolation length. Finally we have applied our model to investigate the influence of the surface effect and of the related bound charges on the thickness dependence of ferroelectric properties.
Controlling a self-organizing system of individuals guided by a few external agents -- particle description and mean-field limit

Optimal control of large particle systems with collective dynamics by few agents is a subject of high practical importance (e.g. in evacuation dynamics), but still limited mathematical basis. In particular the transition from discrete optimal control to a continuum setting as the number of particles tends to infinity is by far not fully understood. In this paper we contribute to this issue by studying a canonical model of controlling an interacting particle system into a certain spatial region by repulsive forces from few external agents, which might be interpreted as shepherd dogs leading sheep to their home. We discuss the appropriate modelling of such a problem and the associated optimality systems, providing some connections between the Lagrange multipliers in the discrete and continuum setting. As control strategies we investigate an Instantaneous Control and a global Optimal Control approach. The solutions of a family of control problems for the particle system with external agents are numerically compared to the mean-field controls as the number of particles tends to infinity. In both cases, this leads to a high dimensional phase space requiring tailored optimization strategies. All control problems arising are solved using adjoint information to compute the descent directions. The numerical results indicate the convergence of controls for both optimization strategies.
A meteoroid stream survey using the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar – III. Mass distribution indices of six major meteor showers

The mass distribution index of the Geminid, Quadrantid, Arietid, Eta Aquariid, Orionid and South Delta Aquariid meteor showers have been measured using data from 2007 to 2010 from the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR). Single-station data from the 29.85-MHz system were used to find mass index as a function of solar longitude, and to compare separate years of showers. The variation in mass index with solar longitude can provide information on the structure of the stream and how the structure changes with time. The Geminids and Quadrantids were the most prominent showers seen by CMOR, and had peak mass indices of 1.65 and 1.55, respectively. They had clear, strong peaks and little year-to-year variation. The other showers had slightly higher peak mass indices and a greater variability, even though a more sporadic contamination, which might have affected the results.
On the Spectral Flow for Dirac Operators with Local Boundary Conditions

Let M be an even dimensional compact Riemannian manifold with boundary and let D be a Dirac operator acting on the sections of the Clifford module E over M. We impose certain local elliptic boundary conditions for D obtaining a selfadjoint extension DF of D. For a smooth U(n)-valued function g : M ! U(n) we establish a formula for the spectral flow along the straight line between DF and g -1 DFg. This spectral flow is motivated by index theory: in odd dimensions it gives the natural pairing between the K-homology class of the operator and the K-theory class of g. In our situation, with dimM having the "wrong" parity, the index can be expressed in terms of the natural spectral flow pairing on the odd-dimensional boundary. Our result generalizes a recent paper by M. Prokhorova in which the two- dimensional case is treated. Furthermore, our paper may be seen as an odd- dimensional analogue of a paper by D. Freed. As an application we obtain a new proof of cobordism invariance of the spectral flow.
Next-nearest-neighbour correlation functions of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain at the critical region

The correlation functions of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain in the ground state are expressed in the form of multiple integrals. For −1 < Δ < 1, they were obtained by Jimbo and Miwa in 1996. In particular, the next-nearest-neighbour correlation functions are given as certain three-dimensional integrals. We show that these can be reduced to one-dimensional integrals and thereby we evaluate the values of the next-nearest-neighbour correlation functions. We have also found that the remaining one-dimensional integrals can be evaluated analytically, when ν = cos−1(Δ)/π is a rational number.
The Sex and Race/Ethnicity-Specific Relationships of Abdominal Fat Distribution and Anthropometric Indices in US Adults

The purpose of this study was to examine demographic-specific relationships between direct abdominal fat measures and anthropometric indices. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing abdominal fat measures (visceral fat area, VFA; visceral to subcutaneous adipose area ratio, VSR) and anthropometrics (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference, WC) data from the 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Linear or polynomial linear regression models were used to examine the relationships of abdominal fat measures to anthropometrics with adjustment for demographics. The results revealed that while VFA was linearly related to BMI and WC across all demographics (p < 0.001), the relationships between VSR and both BMI and WC were concave in men and convex in women. The relationships between VFA, VSR, and BMI, WC varied by sex and race/ethnicity. In conclusion, increasing BMI and WC were linearly associated with increased VFA, but their relationships with VSR were nonlinear and differed by sex.
Equilibrium states for partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with hyperbolic linear part

We address the problem of existence and uniqueness (finiteness) of ergodic equilibrium states for a natural class of partially hyperbolic dynamics homotopic to Anosov. We propose to study the disintegration of equilibrium states along central foliation as a tool to develop the theory of equilibrium states for partially hyperbolic dynamics homotopic to Anosov on .
Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, Goal Setting, and Personality among Older Adults: A Synthesis of Literature Reviews and Interviews

Background: Despite the well-known health benefits of adopting a healthy lifestyle, older adults’ self-determination, goals, and motivation, as well as other personality factors, are known to influence their healthy lifestyle behaviors, yet these interactions have rarely been discussed. Method: The literature that investigated and discussed the interaction of personality, goals, and healthy lifestyle behaviors among older adults was reviewed. In addition, interview responses from older adults regarding their experiences in participating in a real-life physical activity intervention and its relationship with their personality traits and goal setting were synthesized using content analysis. Results: The current review highlights the relationship between healthy living practices, goal setting, and personalities, and it is backed up and expanded upon by interviews with participants. People with different personality types are likely to have diverse views on HLBs. Individuals who are more conscientiousness or extraverted are more likely to adopt HLBs than those who are not. Discussion: It is suggested that a meta-analysis should be conducted on the relationship between personality, goal setting, and physical exercise or other specific HLBs. In addition, future research should focus on various types of HLB therapies that take into account personality and goal setting.
A panorama of dispersion curves for the weighted isotropic relaxed micromorphic model

We consider the weighted isotropic relaxed micromorphic model and provide an in depth investigation of the characteristic dispersion curves when the constitutive parameters of the model are varied. The weighted relaxed micromorphic model generalizes the classical relaxed micromorphic model previously introduced by the authors, since it features the Cartan‐Lie decomposition of the tensors P,t and Curl P in their dev sym , skew and spherical part. It is shown that the split of the tensor P,t in the micro‐inertia provides an independent control of the cut‐offs of the optic banches. This is crucial for the calibration of the relaxed micromorphic model on real band‐gap metamaterials.
Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese and Chromium in Green Teas, Their Transfer to Extracts and Correlations between Contents of Elements and Bioactive Compounds

determine the of transfer of selected elements, , iron (Fe), (Zn), (Cu), manga (Mn), chromium (Cr), teas to investigate whether the main bioactive compounds of the extracts transfer. Twelve commercially available green teas were used in the study. The contents of elements in green teas and their extracts obtained with 80% acetone ( v/v ) were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). High performance liquid chromatography in reverse phase (RP-HPLC) was used to determine contents of caffeine, (–)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (–)-epicatechin (EP), (–)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and (–)-epicatechin gallate (ECG). The element with the highest content in green teas was Mn (711–1402 µg/g), but its transfer to extracts was the lowest (0.269–0.646%). The mean Fe transfer, second abundant element in teas (115–725 µg/g), was 5.52%. The contents of Mn and Fe in extracts were 5.08–30.2 and 10.7–90.1 µg/g, respectively. Zn, Cu, and Cr were transferred with means of 10.4, 20.0, and 26.2%, respectively, which resulted in their contents in the extracts in the ranges of 5.03–12.6, 1.93–13.8, and 0.128–2.03 µg/g, respectively. The significant positive correlations of Zn content in extracts and/or transfer to extracts with EGCG, EGC and total flavan-3-ols as well as between the same Fe variables and EGC were determined, which suggested that these flavan-3-ols may positively affect the transfer of Fe and Zn from green tea to extracts. In turn, significant but negative correlations were found in the case of Mn and Cu. Future research is needed to identify the causes of the various transfer rate of elements from green teas to extracts.
Role of Aortic Isthmus Doppler Ultrasound in Fetuses with Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Background: Poor perinatal outcome and cerebral palsy have been linked to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). New Doppler metrics, like the aortic isthmus (AoI), can be used to detect and assess the severity of IUGR in fetuses. The aim of the current study is to investigate the better diagnosis of intrauterine growth Restriction using the aortic isthmus Doppler. Patients and methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted on 74 women with a singleton pregnancy between 24-34 weeks, with fetal growth restriction and placental insufficiency, between September 2021 and March 2022. Repeated Doppler evaluation of umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery and aortic isthmus artery were assessed until one day before pregnancy termination by 37 weeks. Correlation of Doppler findings with perinatal fetal outcomes was done. Results: As regard aortic isthmus artery resistance index (RI), it differed significantly between both groups as first visit, before termination, decrease and % decrease, as well as regard perinatal outcome as general anesthesia at delivery and neonatal ICU admission. Validity (area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity) for aortic isthmus, middle cerebral artery as well as umbilical artery at RI First visit to prognoses birth weight ≤2 kg where there was statistically significant difference between aortic isthmus, middle cerebral artery as well as umbilical artery (RI) first visit to prognoses birth weight ≤2 kg. Using Doppler imaging of the aortic isthmus to assess the clinical state of fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) is possible, and even to decide when to terminate the pregnancy in preterm fetuses. Aortic isthmus (AI) Doppler measurements are useful to identify fetal growth restriction (FGR).
Prescription Pattern of Intravenous Fosfomycin in a Provincial Hospital in Thailand

Background In Thailand, active antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria are limited. The re-emergence of intravenous (IV) fosfomycin is an alternative. IV fosfomycin has broad-spectrum activity, relative safety, and availability. The limitations of the clinical use of IV fosfomycin include the lack of susceptibility reports and unclear dosing. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the prescription pattern of IV fosfomycin in Chonburi Hospital, a provincial hospital in Thailand. Materials and Methods A retrospective descriptive study involving in-patients aged ≥18 years who received IV fosfomycin between February 2019 and January 2020. Data were collected from the electronic patient records. Results Of 265 patients, 254 (95.8%) and 11 (4.2%) received IV fosfomycin for treatment and prophylaxis, respectively. IV fosfomycin was prescribed for empirical and definitive treatment. All 166 organisms were Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), including Enterobacterales (47.0%), Acinetobacter baumannii (44.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.0%). Moreover, 141 (87.6%) isolates were carbapenem-resistant GNB (CR-GNB). The most commonly used IV fosfomycin regimen contained colistin or aminoglycosides. Furthermore, 35.3% of the combination regimens contained one active antibiotic. The appropriate dosage of IV fosfomycin for treating urinary tract infection was 71.8%. The 14-day all-cause mortality rate in CR-GNB was 45.0%. Conclusion IV fosfomycin is reserved for secondary use in treating nosocomial infection with resistant GNB. It is used synergistically with other antibiotics. At least one active antibiotic and the optimal fosfomycin dosage should be considered. An antimicrobial stewardship program should be implemented for the optimal use of fosfomycin.
Towards generic adiabatic elimination for bipartite open quantum systems

We consider a composite open quantum system consisting of a fast subsystem coupled to a slow one. Using the time scale separation, we develop an adiabatic elimination technique to derive at any order the reduced model describing the slow subsystem. The method, based on an asymptotic expansion and geometric singular perturbation theory, ensures the physical interpretation of the reduced second-order model by giving the reduced dynamics in a Lindblad form and the state reduction in Kraus map form. We give explicit second-order formulas for Hamiltonian or cascade coupling between the two subsystems. These formulas can be used to engineer, via a careful choice of the fast subsystem, the Hamiltonian and Lindbald operators governing the dissipative dynamics of the slow subsystem.
Particle Transport in Microchannels

Particle transport in microchannel is presented. This article focuses on situations in which the sizes of the particles are comparable to the sizes of the channels. These solid bodies are sufficiently large that momentum is exchanged between the bodies and the flowing fluid. As a result, the solid bodies affect the fluid flow significantly, and vice versa, resulting in a transient process in which the motions of the solid bodies and the flow field are strongly coupled. The flow field and the particulate flow must then be solved simultaneously. The solid bodies are modeled as a fluid constraint to move with rigid body motion. The solid–fluid interface is described using a distance function. For demonstration purposes, the finite-volume method is used to solve the resulting set of governing equations. The present approach is validated against (1) flow around stationary, (2) flow around forced rotating, (3) flow around freely rotating cylinders, and (4) sedimentation of a circular cylinder under gravity. Finally, the motion of particles carried by an incompressible fluid in a microchannel system is studied.
Sensitivity of Pathogenic Bacteria Strains to Treated Mine Water

Mine water as a result of meteoric and/or underground water’s contact with tailings and underground workings could have an elevated content of metals associated with sulfate, often acidic, due to the bio-oxidation of sulfides. When entering aquatic ecosystems, the mine water can cause significant changes in the species’ trophic levels, therefore a treatment is required to adjust the alkalinity and to remove the heavy metals and metalloids. The conventional mine water treatment removes metals, but in many cases it does not reduce the sulfate content. This paper aimed to predict the impact of conventionally treated mine water on the receiving river by assessing the genotoxic activity on an engineered Escherichia coli and by evaluating the toxic effects generated on two Gram-negative bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Although the main chemical impact is the severe increases of calcium and sulfate concentrations, no significant genotoxic characteristics were detected on the Escherichia coli strain and on the cell-viability with a positive survival rate higher than 80%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more resistant than Escherichia coli in the presence of 1890 mg SO42−/L. This paper reveals different sensitivities and adaptabilities of pathogenic bacteria to high concentrations of sulfates in mine waters.
On the vanishing of self extensions over Cohen-Macaulay local rings

The celebrated Auslander-Reiten Conjecture, on the vanishing of self extensions of a module, is one of the long-standing conjectures in ring theory. Although it is still open, there are several results in the literature that establish the conjecture over Gorenstein rings under certain conditions. The purpose of this article is to obtain extensions of such results over Cohen-Macaulay local rings that admit canonical modules. In particular, our main result recovers theorems of Araya, and Ono and Yoshino simultaneously.
A Preliminary Look at Reasons for Attrition Among Special Educators Teaching Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Research on teacher retention and attrition suggests that it may be particularly difficult to fill special education positions in rural, economically disadvantaged, high-minority, and urban U.S. schools. Although teacher retention and attrition have received considerable attention in the literature, less is known about the reasons special educators teaching students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) leave their positions. Using a series of surveys and follow-up phone interviews, the current study sought to provide preliminary information regarding reasons teachers of students with ASD in West Virginia, a predominantly rural, economically disadvantaged state, may leave their positions and identify the supports that may be most influential in assisting them in staying in their positions. Additional directions for research and ways school districts might better support teachers of students with ASD are discussed.
New Editor-in-Chief for Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical

We are delighted to announce that Professor Martin Evans of University of Edinburgh has been appointed as the new Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical. Martin Evans has been Editor of the Statistical Physics section of the journal since 2009. Prior to this, he served as a Board Member for the journal. His areas of research include statistical mechanics of nonequilibrium systems, phase transitions and scaling regimes in nonequilibrium statistical physics, glassy dynamics, phase transitions and ordering in driven diffusive systems, mass transport models, condensation models, zero range processes and exclusion processes. We very much look forward to working with Martin to continue to improve the journal's quality and interest to the readership. We would like to thank our outgoing Editor-in-Chief, Professor Murray Batchelor. Murray has worked hard and provided excellent guidance in improving the quality of the journal and the service that the journal provides to authors, referees and readers. During the last five years, we have raised the quality threshold for acceptance in the journal and currently reject over 70% of submissions. As a result, papers published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical are amongst the best in the field. We have also maintained and improved on our excellent receipt-to-first-decision times, which now average under 40 days for papers. With the help of Martin Evans and our distinguished Editorial Board, we will be working to further improve the quality of the journal whilst continuing to offer excellent services to our readers, authors and referees. We hope that you benefit from reading the journal. If you have any comments or questions, please do not hesitate to contact us at jphysa@iop.org. Rebecca Gillan Publisher