Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond laser stimulation of electrical discharges in submicron and nanoscale gaps

Electrical characteristics of current-controlled discharges stimulated by femtosecond laser pulses in nanoscale gaps between sharpened metal tips and gold film substrates were studied. Pulse intensity of 5.6×1011W∕cm2 reliably triggered transient discharges in 500nm gaps. For gaps shorter than a threshold value, discharge stimulation probability was high and independent of applied potentials. At lower laser intensity, the discharge stimulation probability was also lower and depended on applied potential. It is suggested that the laser stimulated microdischarge mechanism observed in these experiments is associated with asperity breakdown by femtosecond laser ablation and field emission, resulting in release of charge carriers.
Pervasive Large-Scale Magnetic Fields in the Venus Nightside Ionosphere and Their Implications

When the solar wind dynamic pressure at Venus was extraordinarily high during the primary mission of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO), “disappearing ionospheres” occurred on the nightside, with accompanying pervasive near-periapsis magnetic fields of tens of nanoteslas. These nightside counterparts of the generally horizontal large-scale magnetic fields in the dayside ionosphere are found to exhibit some dependence of field magnitude on the solar wind pressure but not on solar zenith angle. Their statistical behavior suggests a global configuration in which the low-altitude field wraps around the planet, while the field at higher altitudes is draped like the induced magnetotail field. The toroidal low-altitude field geometry implies the possible existence of magnetic x points in the low-altitude wake.
Magnetic properties of the martensitic phase in Ni-Mn-In-Co metamagnetic shape memory alloys

The magnetic ground state of the martensitic phase in metamagnetic shape memory alloys seems to be dependent on the analyzed system. In Ni2Mn1+xZ1−x (Z = In, Sn, and Sb) alloys, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions coexist in the martensitic state. Different mechanisms, i.e., reentrant spin glasses, superparamagnetism, or superspin glasses have been proposed to explain the martensitic magnetic behavior. In this letter, the magnetic properties of the martensitic phase in Ni-Mn-In-Co alloys have been determined. The martensitic phase shows the presence of superparamagnetic domains inside a paramagnetic matrix. On cooling, superspin glass features occur when interacting clusters are frozen below a critical temperature.
The Various Kinematics of Dwarf Irregular Galaxies in Nearby Groups and Their Dark Matter Distributions

Eight dwarf irregular galaxies, in the two nearby groups of galaxies Sculptor and Centaurus A (at 2.5 Mpc and 3.5 Mpc), have been imaged in neutral hydrogen (H I) with the Australia Telescope and the Very Large Array. These galaxies have absolute magnitudes ranging from MB = -15.7 to -11.3. Yet they are mostly rotationally supported, with maximum velocities going from 19 to 67 km s-1. Multicomponent mass models have been fitted to the rotation curves to investigate the properties of their dark matter halos and the scaling laws of dark matter halo parameters. Dwarf galaxies have, on average, a higher dark to luminous mass ratio, as well as higher dark halo central densities than spiral galaxies. They have a larger dispersion of their dark matter properties both in terms of their total dark matter amount and of their dark halo parameters, compared to spiral galaxies. It is therefore very difficult to predict a dwarf galaxy rotation curve shape based only on its optical properties. Dwarfs are not well fitted by cold dark matter (CDM) halos of the type proposed by Navarro, Frenk, & White, even for ΛCDM models with Ω0 as low as 0.3. For two of our dwarfs we also have Hα rotation curves confirming the H I velocities, so the discrepancy with the CDM models cannot be attributed to beam-smearing effects.
Some Newton-type methods for the regularization of nonlinear ill-posed problems

In this paper we consider a combination of Newton's method with linear Tikhonov regularization, linear Landweber iteration and truncated SVD, for regularizing an abstract, nonlinear, ill-posed operator equation. We show that under certain smoothness conditions on the nonlinear operator, these methods converge locally. For perturbed data we propose an a priori stopping rule, that guarantees convergence of the iterates to a solution, as the noise level goes to zero. Under appropriate closeness and smoothness assumptions on the starting value and the solution, we obtain convergence rates.
Effect of Mutations, Incentives, and Leadership Styles on Employee Performance at Perumda Air MinumTirta Bening Lontar Kota Kupang

The research objective is specifically to obtain the results of the analysis of the effect of mutation variables, incentives, and leadership styles on employee performance partially or simultaneously. The research method uses descriptive and verification surveys, and field data collection uses questionnaires, interviews, and documentation techniques. This research is associative research, where in this study, there are related variables that can influence other variables. The population of this study was 97 employees at the Office of Perumda Air Minum Tirta Bening Lontar Kota Kupang, taken as a saturated sample of 97 employees. Data processing using SPSS 25 analysis tools. The results show that mutations affect employee performance, there is an incentive effect on employee performance, leadership style affects to employee performance and mutations, incentives and leadership styles affect performance. The common thread of research is that mutations, incentives, and leadership styles positively and significantly affect employee performance at the Office of Perumda Air Minum Tirta Bening Lontar Kota Kupang, either partially or simultaneously.
Lunar seismicity, structure, and tectonics

Interpretation of lunar seismic data results in a lunar model consisting of at least four and possibly five distinguishable zones: (I) the 50-60 km thick crust characterized by seismic velocities appropriate for plagioclaise rich materials, (II) the 250 km thick upper mantle characterized by seismic velocities consistent with an olivine-pyroxene composition, (III) the 500 km thick middle mantle characterized by a high Poisson’s ratio, (IV) the lower mantle characterized by high shear-wave attenuation, and possibly (V) a core of radius between 170 and 360 km characterized by a greatly reduced compressional wave velocity. The Apollo seismic network detects several thousand deep moonquake signals annually. Repetitive signals from 60 deep moonquake hypocentres can be identified. The occurrence characteristics of the moonquakes from the individual moonquake hypocentres are well correlated with lunar tidal phases and display tidal periodicities of 1 month, 7| months, and 6 years. With several possible exceptions, the deep moonquake foci located to date occur in three narrow belts on the near side of the Moon, and are concentrated at depths of 800-1000 km. The locations of 17 shallow moonquake foci, although not as accurate as those of the deep foci, show fair agreement with the deep moonquake belts. Focal depths calculated for the shallow moonquakes range from 0-300 km. The moonquakes of a particular moonquake belt, or a region within a belt, tend to occur near the same tidal phase suggesting similar focal mechanisms. Deep moonquake magnitudes range from about 0.5 to 1.3 on the Richter scale with a total energy release estimated to be about 1011 ergs (104 J) annually. The largest shallow moonquakes have magnitudes of 4-5 and release about 1015-1018 ergs (108-1011 J) each. Tidal deformation of a rigid lunar lithosphere overlying a reduced-rigidity asthenosphere leads to concentrations of strain energy near the base of the lithosphere. Although tidal strain energy can account for the deep moonquakes in this model, it cannot account for the shallow moonquakes. Tidal stresses within the lunar lithosphere range from about 0.1 to 1 bar (104-105 Pa). This low level of tidal stresses suggests that tides act as a triggering mechanism. The secular accumulation of strain implied by the uniform polarities of the deep moonquake signals probably results from weak convection. A convective mechanism could explain the distribution of moonquakes, the Earth-side topographic bulge, the distribution of filled mare basins, and the ancient lunar magnetic field.
Cooperative Phenomena and the Decay of the Angular Momentum Correlation Function at Long Times

A hydrodynamic solution for the decay of the angular momentum of an initially moving volume element in an otherwise stationary, compressible, viscous fluid predicts a long time decay of the angular momentum autocorrelation function which behaves as [ηst / Mρ]−(d+2)/2 where ηs is the shear viscosity, Mρ is the mass density, and d is the dimension of the system. This slow decay, which would not lead to the divergence of the rotational diffusion coefficient, or of the spin–rotation relaxation time, is caused by a vortex field which results from the interaction between a structured particle and host fluid. This result is analogous to the long time tail in the linear momentum autocorrelation function recently reported by Alder and Wainwright.
ENGLISH STUDENT-TEACHER AWARENESS OF DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION (DI) IMPLEMENTATION IN CLASSROOM

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to examine the understanding of English Education Department student-teachers on the use of differentiated instruction (DI) in the classroom. There were 80 student-teachers, 20 (25%) male and 60 (75%) female. The data were collected primarily through a 31-item questionnaire with four scales ranging from "not important" to "very important. " The questionnaire responses were analyzed to determine the amount of DI awareness and importance. The data underwent descriptive analysis (statistical analysis) by comparing the mean score (M) and standard deviation (SD) of each item for the level of awareness and by calculating percentages for the level of importance. The results indicated that the student-teachers awareness of DI implementation ranges from "high" with the lowest score of 2.06 (2.06>2.01-3.00) to "very high" with the highest score of 3.71 (3.71>3.01-4.00). Consequently, the level of importance concurred with or supported the awareness result that the participants regarded DI to be important, ranging from "somewhat important" (49.40%) to "very important" (88.39%). These findings suggest good implications for the pedagogical element of student-teacher knowledge of DI implementation in the classroom. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi kesadaran mahasiswa PLP Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris tentang penerapan pembelajaran berdifferensiasi (DI) di kelas. Ada 80 mahasiswa PLP, 20 (25%) laki-laki dan 60 (75%) perempuan. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dengan empat skala mulai dari "not implotant" hingga "strongly important" yang berjumlah 31 item. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif analisis (analisis statistik) dengan membandingkan nilai rata-rata (M) dan standar deviasi (SD) masing-masing item untuk tingkat kesadaran dan dengan menghitung persentase untuk tingkat kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran mahasiswa PLP terhadap penerapan DI berkisar antara "tinggi" dengan skor terendah 2,06 (2,06>2,01-3,00) hingga "sangat tinggi" dengan skor tertinggi 3,71 (3,71>3,01-4,00). Hasil tersebut sejalan dengan hasil tingkat kepentingan bahwa peserta menganggap DI penting, mulai dari "agak penting" (49,40%) hingga "sangat penting" (88,39%). Temuan ini menunjukkan implikasi yang baik untuk elemen pedagogis pengetahuan mahasiswa PLP implementasi DI di kelas. How to Cite: Rahmani, Eka F. , Riyanti, D. (2022). English Student-Teacher Awareness of Differentiated Instruction (DI) Implementation in Classroom. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 192-210. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2. 28505
Radiation‐natural convection interactions in partitioned cavities

The heat transfer by radiation and natural convection in a two‐dimensional, air‐filled square enclosure with a vertical partition of finite thickness and varying height was investigated numerically in the laminar regime. The horizontal end walls are assumed to be adiabatic, and the vertical walls are at different temperatures. Calculations are made by using a finite volume method and an efficient numerical procedure is introduced for calculating the view factors, with shadow effects included. The results indicate that the partition does not significantly modify the heat transfer rate through the cavity, especially at high Rayleigh numbers, provided that its height is less than 90 per cent of the cavity height. The effects of radiation on the velocity and the temperature fields and the overall heat transfer rates as a function of the widths of the vents, solid/fluid conductivity ratio and Rayleigh number are documented.
Image forces of screw dislocations in a magnetoelectroelastic layered half-plane

The two-dimensional analysis of elastic, electric, and magnetic fields induced by generalized screw dislocations embedded in a transversely isotropic magnetoelectroelastic layered half-plane is presented in this study. The results indicate that explicit solutions for this problem consist only of the simplest solutions for an infinite magnetoelectroelastic medium with a generalized screw dislocation. It is shown that the physical meaning of the solution is the image method. The mathematical method used in this study provides an automatic determination for the locations and magnitudes of image screw dislocations. From the generalized Peach-Koehler equation, the explicit forms of image forces exerted on a generalized screw dislocation in a layered half-plane are derived from the full-field solutions of the generalized stresses. Numerical results for the full-field distributions of the generalized stresses in the layered half-plane medium are presented. The image forces and equilibrium positions of one screw .
Computational fluid dynamics modeling of turbine intake hydraulics at a hydropower plant

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District is considering blocking the upper 12.3m of the turbine intakes at The Dalles Dam, Oregon with a J-shaped blocked trashrack (a steel panel in front of the existing trashrack). The objective is to create a forebay flow pattern aiding the downstream migration of juvenile fish. A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a turbine unit of the dam has been developed to investigate the impact of the proposed blocked trashrack on the turbine intake hydraulics. The model was verified by comparing velocity distributions in a 1 : 25 scale physical model by Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, Mississippi. Numerical simulations indicate that the blocked trashrack creates a relatively quiescent, near dead flow zone above it. Below the trashrack, flow is more horizontal into the turbine intakes. However, velocity distributions inside the intakes are significantly more non-uniform. Near-dead flow zones are created in regions immediately behind the blocked trashrack. Cross-sectional velocity distributions show strong eddies in the intake. The analysis suggests the need for investigating improved turbine intake design when retrofitting existing dams with juvenile fish bypass facilities.
Solid waste mapping based on very high resolution remote sensing imagery and a novel deep learning approach

Abstract The urbanization worldwide leads to the rapid increase of solid waste, posing a threat to environment and people’s wellbeing. However, it is challenging to detect solid waste sites with high accuracy due to complex landscape, and very few studies considered solid waste mapping across multi-cities and in large areas. To tackle this issue, this study proposes a novel deep learning model for solid waste mapping from very high resolution remote sensing imagery. By integrating a multi-scale dilated convolutional neural network (CNN) and a Swin-Transformer, both local and global features are aggregated. Experiments in China, India and Mexico indicate that the proposed model achieves high performance with an average accuracy of 90.62%. The novelty lies in the fusion of CNN and Transformer for solid waste mapping in multi-cities without the need for pixel-wise labelled data. Future work would consider more sophisticated methods such as semantic segmentation for fine-grained solid waste classification.
The Split-Ballot Multitrait-Multimethod Approach: Implementation and Problems

Saris, Satorra, and Coenders (2004) proposed a new approach to estimate the quality of survey questions, combining the advantages of 2 existing approaches: the multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) and the split-ballot (SB) ones. Implemented in practice, this new approach led to frequent problems of nonconvergence and improper solutions. This article uses Monte Carlo simulations to understand why the SB-MTMM is working well in some cases but not in others. The number of SB groups is a crucial element: The 3-group design is performing better. However, the 2-group design can also perform well: The analyses suggest that the interaction between the absolute values of the correlations between the traits and the relative values of the different correlations between traits plays an important role.
PUSH-IN LANGUAGE SUPPORT IN ENGLISH-MEDIUM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS

The number of English-medium international schools implementing a second language acquisition instructional model using push-in language support is increasing. With the escalation of push-in comes increased interaction between English language learner (ELL) teachers and classroom teachers. This quantitative survey-based study aimed to explore ELL push-in support in the early and primary years in international schools. Within the construct of English-medium international schools, the researchers sought to investigate teacher expectations during push-in. Areas explored include language policy and the specification of teacher roles, availability of planning time, in-class expectations for ELL teachers, and teacher satisfaction with push-in. The study results revealed that slightly less than half of the participants reported having a school language policy that defined teacher roles, and approximately one-third of the participants in schools using push-in were not provided with planning time. The researchers also found statistically significant differences in the rankings of ELL teacher roles during push-in between ELL and classroom teachers. Further, the study revealed no statistically significant difference in the reported level of satisfaction with push-in between the two groups; however, when the two groups were combined, only about half of the participants reported that teachers were satisfied with push-in ELL support in their school.
AVALIAÇÃO DA ADESÃO À HIGIENE DE MÃOS EM UNIDADE CORONARIANA

Objetivo: Analisar a adesão dos profissionais da saúde à técnica de higienização de mãos em uma Unidade Coronariana. Método: Estudo transversal. Participaram da pesquisa todos os profissionais de saúde que atuam na unidade. A observação foi guiada por instrumento da Organização Mundial da Saúde que é de domínio público e que foi adaptado de forma a permitir a verificação de quais momentos o profissional realizou a higienização das mãos. Todas as oportunidades para higiene de mãos foram computadas e uma relação do percentual de adesão foi elaborada. Resultados: Foram avaliados 30 profissionais de saúde, sendo seis enfermeiros, 18 técnicos de enfermagem, dois fisioterapeutas e quatro médicos. Foram observadas 498 oportunidades de higiene de mãos, com 190 ações realizadas, resultando em 38,2% de adesão. Conclusão: As baixas taxas de adesão encontradas evidenciam a necessidade de investir em programas de conscientização sobre a importância da higienização das mãos.
Ionotropic Gelation and Chemical Crosslinking as Methods for Fabrication of Modified-Release Gellan Gum-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Hydrogels have a tridimensional structure. They have the ability to absorb a significant amount of water or other natural or simulated fluids that cause their swelling albeit without losing their structure. Their properties can be exploited for encapsulation and modified targeted drug release. Among the numerous natural polymers suitable for obtaining hydrogels, gellan gum is one gaining much interest. It is a gelling agent with many unique features, and furthermore, it is non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Its ability to react with oppositely charged molecules results in the forming of structured physical materials (films, beads, hydrogels, nanoparticles). The properties of obtained hydrogels can be modified by chemical crosslinking, which improves the three-dimensional structure of the gellan hydrogel. In the current review, an overview of gellan gum hydrogels and their properties will be presented as well as the mechanisms of ionotropic gelation or chemical crosslinking. Methods of producing gellan hydrogels and their possible applications related to improved release, bioavailability, and therapeutic activity were described.
Surface-scattering effects in polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors

Mobility reduction, induced at high gate fields by scattering with surface acoustic phonons and surface roughness, has been investigated in self-aligned polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The analysis of this effect can be influenced by the presence of parasitic resistance effects, and a precise evaluation of this effect has been obtained by measuring the transfer characteristics in devices with different channel lengths. In this way, we could reliably determine the mobility reduction effect, which was then analyzed by using two-dimensional numerical simulations. The mobility reduction in polysilicon TFTs can be accurately described by Lombardi’s model, originally proposed for c-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.
Attitude Parameter Inspired Relative Motion Descriptions for Relative Orbital Motion Control

This paper describes the development of novel relative orbital motion descriptions for a two craft formation, defined by a separation distance and relative orientation parameter set. These descriptions allow for the use of separation distance as a state parameter for the relative motion, while avoiding singularity issues that plague spherical coordinate descriptions. Instead, Euler parameterlike or modified Rodrigues parameterlike coordinates are employed to describe the relative orientation. Equations of motion are developed that allow propagation of these new descriptions for the case of a circular reference orbit and small separation distances between the craft. These equations of motion are derived from the Clohessy–Wiltshire equations. Feedback control laws are developed to stabilize the relative motion between the craft. Numerical simulation is used to compare the newly developed relative motion descriptions with inertial equations of motion. The results validate these new descriptions as a practica.