Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Stress on the Menstrual Cycle

Background/Purpose Reproductive health is an important indicator of a woman’s overall health; however, menstruation is often viewed negatively in modern society. Across the nation, women are suffering with issues related to hormones and menstruation. Evidence continues to surface linking high levels of stress to negative health outcomes. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the effects of stress and stress reduction of the menstrual cycle in naturally-cycling women of reproductive age. Methods Peer-reviewed research within the past five years was selected for this review using the U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. A variety of search terms were used to conduct this review and inclusion criteria were: articles published in English; a clearly evident peer review process; the authors addressed stress or determinants of stress; participants for each study were of reproductive age, non-pregnant, and pre-menopausal; and the authors related stress to menstrual characteristics. Twenty-two articles were originally selected based on the inclusion criteria, but after further investigation, only ten were selected for the full review based on their focus on the desired topic. Results/Conclusion Stress negatively impacts various characteristics of the menstrual cycle. While women and healthcare providers may have some understanding of the negative impacts of stress on general health, they are likely unaware of the specific negative effect on menstruation. Stress reduction and the use of prescribed coping mechanisms can reduce the occurrence of morbidity resulting from the negative impact of stress on menstruation. Health practitioners should encourage healthy self-care habits and coping mechanisms in order to promote wellness and improve quality of life for women of reproductive age. Further studies should be done to determine which habits and coping mechanisms will prove most effective in improving outcomes. THE IMPACT OF STRESS ON THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE 3 The Impact of Stress on the Menstrual Cycle
Studies on effect of altitude and environment on physiological activities and yield of Darjeeling tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plantation

An investigation was conducted at DTRDC experimental farm (mid elevation) and Sungma Tea Estate (High elevation), Darjeeling during 2012 to 2013 to study the effect of photosynthetic activities on Darjeeling tea clonal cultivars of hybrids’ China’type and old china tea bush. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of clone T78, AV2, B157 and Old china cultivation was 11.23, -2 -1 11.07, 10.26 and 9.63 μ molm s at mid elevation (DTRDC, experimental farm) and clone T78, AV2, B157 and Old china -2 -1 cultivation was 10.57, 10.13, 9.41 and 8.41 μ molm s respectively at high elevation from the top of canopy (010 cm). Among the clones, T78 and B157 showed lower rate of transpiration (E) than clone, AV2 and old china cultivation at both elevation of Darjeeling hill. Water use efficiency (WUE) of clone T78 was higher as compared to clone, B157, AV2 and old china cultivation. Among the clones, AV2 and Old china bush showed lower rate of leaf water potential (ø ) than clone, T78 and B157 at both L elevation of Darjeeling hill. Maximum Leaf area Index (LAI) was recorded in from the mid elevation than high elevation in the canopy depth 0-10cm. Clone AV2 was recorded lowest leaf area index in mid elevation than high elevation. Leaf area index (LAI) has a positive correlation with yield. In all treatments, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was highest in the canopy depth 0-10cm. -1 Highest annual tea yield was 729.26 Kg ha recorded in T78 clone at mid elevation than high elevation and varied with clone.
Routes of excretion of particulate waste in the polychaete, Hermodice carunculata

The accumulation of particulate matter is described as taking place in the body wall, gills, intestinal epithelium, and nephridial duct of Hermodice carunculata. The quantity of material accumulated increases in starved and regenerating animals. Histochemical tests show that it is decidedly heterogeneous and suggested components include melanins, lipofuscins, and non-haem iron. The particulate matter is regarded as waste material eliminated through the body surface.
Neoliberal Reform in Rural Mexico: Social Structural and Political Dimensions

Agrarian Structure and Political Power in Mexico by Roger Bartra; Mexico's Second Agrarian Reform: Household and Community Responses by Alain de Janvry; Gustavo Gordillo; Elisabeth Sadoulet; Decentralization and Rural Development in Mexico: Community Participation in Oaxaca's Municipal Funds Program by Jonathan Fox; Josefina Aranda; Reconceptualizing the Peasantry: Anthropology in Global Perspective by Michael Kear . Review by: Gerardo Otero Latin American Research Review, Vol. 35, No. 1 (2000), pp. 187-207 Published by: The Latin American Studies Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/2692063 . Accessed: 26/11/2011 21:28
Genetic dissection of psychopathological symptoms: Insomnia in mood disorders and CLOCK gene polymorphism

We investigated the possible effect of the 3111T/C CLOCK gene polymorphism on sleep disorders in a sample of 620 patients affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BP). We detected a significantly higher recurrence of initial (P = 0.0001), middle (P = 0.0009), and early (P = 0.0008) insomnia in homozygotes for the C variant and a similar trend concerning decreased need of sleep in BP (P = 0.0074). Other demographic and clinical features were found not related with CLOCK polymorphisms. This preliminary observation leads to hypothesize a possible involvement of the CLOCK gene polymorphism in the sleep disregulations in MDD and BP. Copyright © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The seasonal cycle of condition in the pollan, Coregonus autumnalis pollan Thompson, of Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland

The length–weight relationship for Lough Neagh pollan was log W= 3·2 log L–2·24. Covariance analysis indicated that there were no differences between the sexes, with maturity, or between years. While a seasonal cycle in relative condition was in phase with gonad development during late summer and autumn, changes in somatic condition presented a more complex pattern. Somatic condition increased in spring, as did the quantity and diversity of food consumed. Despite good conditions for feeding and growth, there was an autumn fall in somatic condition, caused by the diversion of energy to gonad growth.
Expression of mdrl, mrp, topoisomerase IIα/β, and cyclin A in primary or relapsed states of acute lymphoblastic leukaemias

Summary. In a series of 60 ALL samples drawn during different stages of the disease we used a cDNA‐PCR approach to analyse the relative mRNA levels of the MDR‐associated genes encoding mdrl/P‐glycoprotein, mrp, and the topoisomerase II isozymes α and β. Expression analysis of the cyclin A gene was included to examine cellular proliferation activity. The expression of gapdh served as an internal standard. Calculating the mean values we found: (i) a distinctly lower mdrl gene expression in primary ALL and first relapses compared to bone marrow from healthy donors, (ii) no change in mdrl and mrp, but a decreased topoisomerase IIα gene expression in first relapses of ALL compared to the primary leukaemia, and (iii) increased mdrl and mrp levels combined to decreased topoisomerase IIα levels in recurrent relapses of ALL showing significant correlations (mdrl/mrp: rs=+0.6833, P<0.05: mdrl/topollα: rs− 0.6727, P < 0.05). The expression of the topoisomerase IIá gene was correlated to that of cyclin A, indicating a link of its expression to cellular proliferation. Our findings suggest that a multifactorial MDR including mrp appears particularly in recurrent relapses of ALL. which often do not respond to chemotherapy. Nonetheless, some individual samples showed gene expression levels very different from the mean values calculated for a particular state of the leukaemia, indicating the need of an individual expression analysis of MDR‐associated genes.
Beef production from silage 2. The performance of beef cattle given silages of either perennial ryegrass or red clover

1. A primary growth of perennial ryegrass was cut on 8 to 11 May (early) or on 12 June (late) for comparison with the primary growth of a tetraploid red clover, which was cut either on 1 or 2 June (early) or on 28 June (late). The crops were ensiled, after wilting for about 4h, with the addition of formic acid at 2·21/t fresh crop. The silages were given ad libitum alone or with rolled barley at 11·5 g dry matter per kg live weight to 40 British Friesian steers initially 3 months old and 108 kg live weight. 2. On average there was no significant difference in digestibility between perennial ryegrass and red clover. However, the rate of decline in digestibility with time was greater with perennial ryegrass than with red clover. 3. Calves given silage of red clover as the sole feed ate more dry matter and grew faster than calves given grass silage (P P 4. The results show that high rates of live-weight gain (0·74 kg/day) can be achieved by calves given silage of red clover and that earlier cutting of herbage for silage does not always result in higher intakes of dry matter. Supplementation of silages with barley can reduce markedly the difference in intake and live-weight gain apparent when the silages are given as sole feeds.
Vigilance Patterns of Territorial Guanacos (Lama guanicoe): The Role of Reproductive Interests and Predation Risk

We conducted focal observations of territorial guanacos, a highly polygynous and social mammal, to compare time budgets between sexes and test the hypothesis that the differences in reproductive interests are associated with differential group size effects on male and female time allocation patterns. In addition, we used group instantaneous sampling to test the hypothesis that grouping improves detection capacity through increased collective vigilance. We fit GLM to assess how group size and group composition (i.e., presence or absence of calves) affected individual time allocation of males and females, and collective vigilance. As expected from differences in reproductive interests, males in family groups devoted more time to scan the surroundings and less to feeding activities compared to females. Both sexes benefited from grouping by reducing the time invested in vigilance and increased foraging effort, according to predation risk theory, but the factors affecting time allocation differed between males and females. Group size effects were significant when females were at less than five body-lengths from their nearest neighbour, suggesting that grouping benefits arise when females are close to each other. Female time budgets were also affected by season, topography and vegetation structure. In contrast to our expectation, males reduced the time invested in vigilance as the number of females in the group increased, supporting the predation risk theory rather the intrasexual competition hypothesis. The presence of calves was associated with an increase in male individual vigilance; and vegetation type also affected the intensity of the group size effect over male time allocation. In closed habitats, collective vigilance increased with the number of adults but decreased with the number of calves present. Although male and female guanacos differed in their time allocation patterns, our results support the hypothesis that both sexes perceive significant antipredator benefits of group living.
Allozyme variation among Brazilian and U.S. populations of Rhyzopertha dominica resistant to insecticides

The lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)) is an important pest of stored grain in many parts of the world (Paleartic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Australian, Neotropical, and Neartic regions) with the ability to fly long distances. These insects have been shown to be resistant to organophosphorus insecticides in several studies. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess the genetic variability within and among eight Brazilian and seven United States populations of R. dominica and to determine how insecticide resistance may be spreading within both countries. Significant variation in allele frequency among populations was observed at all six polymorphic enzyme loci that were examined. The Brazilian and U.S. populations were genetically differentiated from one another; populations within the U.S. and those within Brazil were also differentiated from one another. The mean genetic similarity among the seven U.S. populations collected in a small region in northeast Kansas was smaller than that among eight Brazilian populations collected in a relatively large geographical area. These results are consistent with the resistance ratios to chlorpyriphos‐methyl in R. dominica populations from Brazil and the U.S. and the information available concerning patterns of flight activity in this insect.
Using functional groups to investigate community response to environmental changes: two grassland case studies

Functional groups (FG) are an useful generalization to investigate environmental change effects on biotic communities. Assigning species to FGs is a contextual task and carries an arbitrary element, regardless of whether the grouping is obtained a priori or by sophisticated numerical methods. Using two grassland community case studies, we show that even simple FG allocation based on growth form, architecture and longevity (plants and mosses), or foraging characteristics (above‐ground invertebrates) can be useful to increase our understanding of community processes. For example, the sensitivity of organisms to climate change increases with trophic rank and is higher in disturbed than in undisturbed communities. Complexity of interaction webs (in terms of web connectance), however, is larger in undisturbed than in disturbed communities. A significant and important relationship is likely to exist between anthropogenic disturbances, community complexity and the ecosystem effects of climate change. Trophic interactions may be disrupted much easier by climate changes in disturbed than in undisturbed communities where complexity may be buffering these effects.
PREVALENCE OF WEST NILE VIRUS (WNV) AMONG MULTI BLOOD TRANSFUSED PATIENTS IN KHARTOUM STATE, SUDAN

Background multi blood transfused patients in Khartoum, State Sudan. Material and from Khartoum teaching Hospital during the period from August to November 2013 and subjected to Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect WNV IgG and IgM antibodies. Results: positive for WNV IgM antibodies. Conclusions: Khartoum State, Sudan antibodies. Further study using various diagnostic methods should be considered to determine the prevalence of WNV disease at the national level.
International Journal of Instruction

Using Collaborative Creativity Learning (CCL) model that is integrated with PhET simulation, this study aims to improve students' scientific creativity in natural science lesson. This research is an experimental study. The sample in this study is 144 junior high school students. The practicality and effectiveness of CCL model that is integrated with PhET simulation was measured by using practical learning observation sheet, scientific creativity test sheet, and student response questionnaire. The data was analysed using t-test, descriptively and qualitatively. The CCL model that is integrated with PhET simulation to improve students' scientific creativity has been proven to be: 1) Practical (applicable in learning and practical and reliable category) and 2) Effective includes: (a) a significant increase in students' scientific creativity at α = 5%, (b) the average n-gain of students' scientific creativity was medium, and (c) the student's response to each component of learning was very positive. The implication of this research is that CCL model that is integrated with PhET simulation can be used as a solution to improve students' creativity in natural science lesson.
Milk yield and composition, dry matter intake and blood parameters of Holstein cows fed ensiled apple pomace co-ensiled with broiler litter

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of ensiled mixed apple pomace and broiler litter (EAPBL) on milk yield (MY) and composition, dry matter intake (DMI) and blood parameters at early lactation cow. Four multiparous early-lactating Holstein dairy cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square design including 4 periods and 4 experimental diets. The cows were fed diets containing 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45% of EAPBL, respectively. The highest DMI ( p <0.05) was observed in cows fed diets containing 15 and 30% of EAPBL. Milk production was lower ( p <0.05) in cows fed 0% EAPBL than in the other experimental groups. Diet including 45% of EAPBL increased ( p <0.05) blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen concentration. Inclusion of EAPBL on dairy cows rations might efficiently cause an improvement on MY, milk composition and DMI.
Influence of thrips prey species on the life‐history and behaviour of Orius albidipennis

The effects of two diets, i.e., cowpea leaves plus Megalurothrips sjostedti larvae versus cowpea leaves alone, on nymphal development and mortality of Orius albidipennis were studied under controlled laboratory conditions in Benin, West Africa. Nymphal development was longer when O. albidipennis was fed with cowpea leaves only, compared to the diet complemented with M. sjostedti larvae (17.6 days versus 14.8, respectively). Nymphal mortality was very high (78.6%) if fed with cowpea leaves only, and still relatively high if the diet was complemented with thrips larvae (44.4%).
The Effectiveness of Ellis Couple Therapy Training (The Rational-Emotional-Behavioral Approach) on Reducing the Marital Repulsion. J. Life Sci. Biomed. 3(3): 229-232.;

The present research was performed to study the effectiveness of Ellis couple therapy training (the rational-emotional-behavioural approach) on lowering the marital Burnout in Bandar Abbas county couples. The method of this semi experimental survey was the pretestposttest type with a control group. The research sample composed of 30 couples referred to Bandar Abbas counselling centres in the year ending on March 21 2013 who were placed in test and control group randomly. The dependent variable in this research was the marital Burnout which was evaluated by the marital Burnout questionnaire. The independent variable was also Ellis couple therapy training (the rational-emotional-behavioural approach) which was taught to the test group in 8 sessions. The co-variance analysis was also used to study the research hypotheses. The obtained results showed that the marital Burnout average scores for the test group's post-test was significantly lower than the one for the control group. The obtained results express that Ellis couple therapy can be applied as an effective method in lowering marital Burnout in a short period.
Haemorheology of the eastern grey kangaroo and the Tasmanian devil

The blood of two Australian marsupials, the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) and the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), has been reported to have greater oxygen-carrying capacity (i.e. haemoglobin content) when compared with that of placental mammals. We investigated whether alterations of blood rheological properties are associated with the increased oxygen-carrying capacity of these marsupials. Eastern grey kangaroos (n = 6) and Tasmanian devils (n = 4) were anaesthetised for blood sampling; human blood (n = 6) was also sampled for comparison. Laboratory measurements included blood and plasma viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) deformability, RBC aggregation and the intrinsic tendency of RBC to aggregate, RBC surface charge and haematological parameters. Scanning electron micrographs of RBC from each species provided morphological information. High-shear blood viscosity at native haematocrit was highest for the Tasmanian devil. When haematocrit was adjusted to 0.4 L L–1, lower-shear blood viscosity was highest for the eastern grey kangaroo. RBC deformability was greatly reduced for the Tasmanian devil. Eastern grey kangaroo blood had the highest RBC aggregation, whereas Tasmanian devil RBC did not aggregate. The surface charge of RBC for marsupials was ~15% lower than that of humans. The dependence of oxygen-delivery effectiveness on haemoglobin concentration (i.e. oxygen content) and blood viscosity was quantitated by calculating the haematocrit to blood viscosity ratio and was 15–25% lower for marsupials compared with humans. Our results suggest that environmental pressures since the marsupial–monotreme divergence have influenced the development of vastly different strategies to maintain a match between oxygen demand and delivery.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF THE SELECTED INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH A PATENT DRUG LEVAMISOLE AGAINST ASCARIASIS IN VILLAGE POULTRY

Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} The experiment was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from July 2005 to November 2006 to study the comparative efficacy of indigenous medicinal plants Neem ( Azadirachta indica ) and Bothua ( Chenopodium album ) with a patent drug Levamisole (Poulnex ® ) against Ascariasis. Sixty ascarid infected chickens were randomly divided into 6 equal groups and treatment schedule were as follows: Group A = Controlled (Infected), Group B = Levamisole 30mg/kg b. wt; Group C = Neem 1gm/kg b. wt. (Alcoholic extract); Group D = Neem 1gm/kg b. wt. (crude extract); Group E = Bothua 1gm/kg body wt. (Alcoholic extract) Group F = Bothua 1gm/kg body wt. (Crude extract) orally once at a time and closely observed for 28 days. Fecal egg count (EPG) were 100% reduced in Levamisole and Neem (alcoholic and water extract) treated groups. On the other hand EPG were somewhat increased in other three groups. Body weight TEC, Hb and PCV were increased significantly in above mentioned three groups (Levamisole and both groups of Neem) and decreased in rest three groups but TLC and ESR were decreased significantly. After post mortem examination no parasites were found in three groups of treated poultry (Levamisole and both groups of Neem). Parasites were remained available (17-24 numbers) in rest three groups. So it is concluded that Neem ( Azadirachta indica ) and levamisole is equally effective but Bothua ( Chenopodium album ) is completely ineffective against Ascariasis in village poultry.
DOI: 10

Dr. Dong Zheng, Prof. Deyang Qu Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA E-mail: Deyang.qu@umb.edu Prof. Deyu Qu Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China Dr. Xiao-Qing Yang, Dr. Xiqian Yu, Dr. Hung-Sui Lee Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA