Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
that Active compounds and distinctive sensory features provided by American ginseng ( (cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:91)(cid:3)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:88)(cid:86) L.) extract in a new functional milk beverage

American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) has recognized neurocognitive effects, and a ginsenoside-rich extract of the root of the plant has been shown to improve cognitive functions in young adults. This study aimed at assessing the chemical and sensory profiles of a UHT-treated, low-lactose functional milk containing American ginseng. Individual ginsenosides in the milk were analyzed by HPLC. Descriptive sensory analysis was performed by a trained panel to quantitatively document sensory changes resulting from the addition of ginseng and the UHT process on flavored and unflavored milks. Consumer acceptance of the product was also investigated. Total ginsenoside content in the UHT-treated milk enriched with the ginseng extract after UHT process treatment was 7.52 mg/100 g of milk, corresponding to a recovery of 67.6% compared with the content in the unprocessed extract. The intake of 150 to 300 mL of this ginseng-enriched milk provides the amount of total ginsenosides (11.5 to 23 mg) necessary to improve cognitive function after its consumption. Both the presence of ginsenosides and their thermal treatment affected some sensory properties of the milk, most notably an increase in bitterness and metallic taste, the appearance of a brownish color, and a decrease in milky flavor. Levels of brown color, bitterness, and metallic taste were highest in the indus-trially processed ginseng-enriched milk. The bitterness attributable to ginseng extract was reduced by addition of vanilla flavor and sucralose. A consumer exploratory study revealed that a niche of consumers exists who are willing to consume this type of product.
Estimation of mechanistic parameters in the gas-phase reactions of ozone with alkenes for use in automated mechanism construction

Abstract. Reaction with ozone is an important atmospheric removal process for alkenes. The ozonolysis reaction produces carbonyls, and carbonyl oxides (Criegee intermediates, CI), which can rapidly decompose to yield a range of closed shell and radical products, including OH radicals. Consequently, it is essential to accurately represent the complex chemistry of Criegee intermediates in atmospheric models in order to fully understand the impact of alkene ozonolysis on atmospheric composition. A mechanism construction protocol is presented which is suitable for use in automatic mechanism generation. The protocol defines the critical parameters for describing the chemistry following the initial reaction, namely: the primary carbonyl / CI yields from the primary ozonide fragmentation; the amount of stabilisation of the excited CI (CI*); the unimolecular decomposition pathways, rates and products of the CI; the bimolecular rates and products of atmospherically important reactions of the stabilised CI (SCI). This analysis implicitly predicts the yield of OH from the alkene-ozone reaction. A comprehensive database of experimental OH, SCI and carbonyl yields has been collated using reported values in the literature and used to assess the reliability of the protocol. The protocol provides estimates OH, SCI and carbonyl yields with a root mean square error of 0.13 and 0.12 and 0.14, respectively. Areas where new experimental and theoretical data would improve the protocol and its assessment are identified and discussed.
Formation of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous metamorphic core complexes in Northeast China: insight from a structural study of the Yiwulüshan ductile detachment zone

ABSTRACT Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous extensional structures are widespread in Northeast China and the eastern part of the Asian continent. The Yiwulüshan ductile detachment shear zone, the master ductile detachment zone of the Yiwulüshan metamorphic core complex (MCC), occurs in the northern North China Craton. This shear zone dips to the northwest on the western flank and to the southeast on the eastern flank of the MCC and consists of brittle faults, breccia, chloritized microbreccia, and ductile (mylonite) zones. The well-developed mylonitic foliation and stretching lineation are characterized by oriented minerals (quartz and feldspar) that exhibit ductile deformation, including undulose extinction, deformation bands, subgrain formations, and recrystallized grains. The shear indicators, such as asymmetric porphyroclasts, S-C fabrics, and shear bands, suggest consistent top-to-the-NW shear on both the western and eastern flanks of the MCC. Strain measurements using feldspar porphyroclasts show that the strain intensity (Es), Lode’s parameter (υ), and Flinn parameter (k) range from 0.46 to 1.03, −0.23 to 0.62, and 0.23 to 1.6, respectively. Kinematic vorticity (Wk) values, estimated by the Polar Mohr diagram and the C′ methods, range from 0.61 to 0.96, with an average of 0.80, for the mylonitic deformation, and from 0.24 to 0.53, with an average of 0.37, for extensional crenulation cleavage (ecc) domains. The kinematic vorticity values, together with the regional structural background, suggest the Yiwulüshan ductile detachment zone experienced simple-shear-dominated general shearing that formed the mylonitic fabric in the early stages of extension. Later in the deformation history, pure-shear-dominated general shearing dominated when ecc developed. Strain measurements and kinematic vorticity estimates indicate that the Yiwulüshan ductile detachment zone is a lengthening-thinning shear zone. It is proposed that simple-shear-dominated general shear developed during crustal extension and that pure-shear-dominated general shear is related to the upward flow of Precambrian basement and Jurassic plutons.
Tourist Behaviour and the Contemporary World

offers an aptly-timed, fascinating and in-depthexploration of tourist beha viour. A contempor ary tourism stud y, besides pr oviding an outlineof the emerging themes of tourist behaviour, this book endeavors to provide an understandingand realistic application of a number of research paradigms and conceptual schemes whichthe readers can pick up for future research. The book is well organised into seven chapters.The first chapter is the most important and complex, especially for readers who are notfamiliar with r esear ch on tourist beha viour . Pear ce be gins the intriguing jour ney by first settingscenes where he examines the various definitions of tourist behaviour, followed by acomprehensive review on the relevant conceptual schemes. In this book, a holistic definitionfor ‘tourist behaviour’ is adopted which encompasses tourists’ senses, emotions, attitudes,perceptions and beha viour s. Subsequentl y, the author rig orousl y revie ws the emic-etic per specti veand paradigmatic issues pertinent to tourist behaviour research. The final part of this introductorychapter introduces 12 conceptual schemes, including travel career pattern model, role theory,equity theor y, social r epresenta tions, etc. Pearce opines tha t conce ptual sc hemes w hich can belikened to mini-theories are more significant to tourism studies rather than the large scaleclassic theories which have limited explanation power to specific areas of interest. The conceptualdiscussion in Chapter 1 prepares the readers with the fundamental knowledge to apprehendthe following chapters where the author reviews five emerging topics in tourist behaviour.The rest of the book comprises six chapters with the first five featuring different emergingthemes and the last one pr oviding ad ditional per specti ves on contempor ary tourist beha viour.Chapter two outlines advances in technology in tourism and its impact on tourist behaviour.Pearce examines the e xisting liter atur e on We b 2.0 comm unica tions and ad dresses the benef itsand pitfalls of these social platforms. It is noted that digital elasticity is replacing the conceptof liminality. New mobile technology has led to cultural confusion as tourists stay in thebubble of familiar cultural practices when confronting novel destinations and challengingconditions. As a result, mobile technology helps soften cultur al shock but at the same time, itdiminishes the experience of travel. Chapter three features the safety and security issues intourism with special reference to tourist scam, crime, and health-related risks. Pearce bringstogether motivation theory and attribution theory to explain why some tourists choose toengage themselves in adventurous yet risky activities. The discussion is f ollowed by a detailedintroduction to Travel Career Pattern (TCP) – a tourist motivation model developed byPearce in his previous studies. TCP illustrates the changing patterns of 14 core motives
The effect of educational intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory on self- care and self-management in rational use of antibiotics

The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Social Cognitive Theory on SelfCare and Self-Management in Rational Use of Antibiotics Negar Akbari Somar , Bahram Mohebbi , Roya Sadeghi , Azar Tol , Mehdi Yaseri 5 1 MSc, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Assistant Professor, Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Associate Professor, Department of Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4 PhD, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran * Corresponding author: Roya Sadeghi, Associate Professor, Department of Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: sadeghir@tums.ac. ir
Southern Ocean productivity in relation to spatial and temporal variation in the physical environment

[1] The physical factors that have been reported to affect primary and secondary production in the Southern Ocean are examined and critically reviewed. Long time series of physical measurements from the Southern Ocean are available and there is a theoretical base from which models can be constructed. In contrast, there are few large-scale measurements of biological parameters and a paucity of long-term biological data sets for the Antarctic region. The absence of predictive models for the biological systems of the region is underpinned by the absence of theoretical understanding of the variations in the physical environment and their effects on primary, secondary, or tertiary production. To further this understanding, we have examined some of the major seasonal and interannual physical data available for the region (sea ice extent and retreat rate, wind stress, and surface ocean circulation patterns) and have examined their relationship to spatial and temporal variation in satellite-derived proxies of primary productivity (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean color data). The results indicate that there are regional differences in the dominant physical forcings and that simple models will fail to replicate the observed patterns of primary production. We have also used the dynamics of Antarctic krill in the South Atlantic as an example to develop a model and explore the various hypotheses that have been put forward to explain interannual variability in this region. Results from this model indicate that the physical system may change in ways that cause periodic shifts in the relative importance of the factors that affect secondary production. The implications for the design of future research programs are explored.
Social media as a tool for oral health promotion: A systematic review

Social media platforms are common means of sharing information, personal experiences, and lifestyle. They can also be utilized as cost-effective methods for individuals to acquire health information and promote oral health. The purpose of the present study was to systematically review the current literature on the interventions taken through social media for promoting lay people’s oral health. This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42023395005) followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library) for relevant articles published between 2012 and 2023. Data such as study design, sample size, follow-up duration, utilized social media platforms and main findings were extracted from the eligible studies. The quality of the studies included in the systematic review was evaluated by the quality assessment tools for intervention studies recommended by the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools. Out of the 1934 records identified in the initial search, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. These studies comprised seven randomized control trials, one field trial and two quasi-experimental. Various social media platforms, including Telegram, Instagram, YouTube, WhatsApp and Snapchat, were used for communication with patients. Some studies solely utilized social media interventions, while others combined online and traditional interventions. The quality assessment categorized 30% of the studies as “strong”, 50% as “moderate”, and the remaining as “weak”. The implementation of social media interventions positively influenced multiple aspects of oral health among the laypeople. Online platforms such as YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram, and Telegram can be effectively utilized to promote oral health among patients.
Successful minimally invasive simple hepatic cyst ablation via ethanol sclerotherapy in a cat

Case summary A 12-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated at the Michigan State University Veterinary Medical Center (MSU-VMC) for an abdominal cyst that was initially noted on ultrasound 1 year prior by the referring veterinarian. The cystic mass was causing clinical signs, including vomiting, diarrhea, hyporexia and abdominal pain. Cyst drainage had originally been performed every few months, but by referral, the required frequency of drainage had increased to every 2 weeks for a total of eight drainage events; therefore, a more definitive curative option was sought. CT evaluation revealed a large simple hepatic cyst – largest diameter 7.2 cm – likely associated with the right medial liver lobe. Minimally invasive ethanol sclerotherapy was performed. A locking-loop catheter was placed percutaneously and transhepatically into the cyst using ultrasound guidance. The cyst was drained, and contrast injected under fluoroscopic guidance to ensure no communication between the cyst and liver. Sclerotherapy was performed using a volume of 99.5% ethanol calculated from the volume of cyst fluid removed. The patient was discharged on the same day and had complete resolution of clinical signs. At a 6-month follow-up, the cyst had decreased in volume by an estimated 95%. The patient remains asymptomatic more than 1 year postoperatively. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of a feline hepatic cyst treated via percutaneous transhepatic ethanol ablation. Minimally invasive simple hepatic cyst ablation is a viable treatment option in cats that could avoid the need for a more invasive surgical intervention.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the infectious disease epidemiology

Summary Introduction COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a huge impact on different aspects of public health. Mandatory notifications are a fundamental tool to have a general picture of infection disease spread in a population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on infectious disease epidemiology. Methods We collected and analyzed all the infectious disease notifications made in the pre-pandemic (2017-2019) and the pandemic (2020-2022) three-years periods in the provincial territory of Messina, Italy. Results The total number of notifications significantly decreased by 41% in the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic one, with very high reduction of certain disease notifications such as measles and varicella. Similarly, other airborne infections, such as meningococcal meningitis and tuberculosis, underwent an important decrease. Conversely, an increase was found for some infections such as syphilis and, especially, scabies that reported a percentage value of +159.9%. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic, reducing the possibility of microbial spread following to the lockdown and, in addition, to the constant use of face masks and other personal protective equipment, the frequent hand-washing, more ventilation of the living locals, and less gathering, surely reduced the occasions and the possibility to get many infections. On the other hands, the pandemic had a negative impact on scabies diffusion probably due to different causes among which the worsening of some poor realities, the restrictions that forced people to live in strict contact and, especially, the worsening of the conditions of the elderly living in care homes.
First steps of learning analytics in a blended learning general practice curriculum at Saarland University – a quantitative approach

Objectives: Medical education has been revolutionized by the growing importance of digital learning. Little is known about students’ online study behaviour and its relationship with exam performance. This quantitative study analyses and describes students’ digital learning behaviours in a blended learning curriculum for General practice at Saarland University, Germany. It also examines the relationship between digital learning behaviour and exam performance. Methods: Cohort and individualized AMBOSS® user data from 195 students at Saarland University was analysed quantitatively. Performance in course-specific multiple-choice question sessions and user data of the integrated online learning activities were correlated with each other and with General practice exam grades. Anonymized data from 10,534 students from 35 other German universities served as the reference cohort. Differences in digital learning behaviour between the groups were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U-Test for non-normally distributed data. Results: Students in the blended learning course used integrated content more frequently than the reference cohort (U=48777, p<0.001). The number of digital learning cards read correlated moderately with digital formative assessment performance (ρ=0.331, p=0.005 and ρ=0.217, p=0.034). Formative assessment scores and exam results correlated strongly in the summer semester cohort (ρ=0.505, p<0.001), and moderately in the winter semester cohort (ρ=0.381, p<0.001). Conclusion: There is a difference in the usage of online learning activities when they are purposefully integrated into a curriculum. Digital learning activities including formative assessment may serve as valuable, constructively aligned exam preparation. This is relevant for medical educators when planning future blended learning curricula and portfolio systems, as it may save financial and human resources.
Medical Students: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan

OBJECTIVES: Medical students have a lower quality of life (QoL) when compared to the general population. This lower QoL is associated with multiple factors such as burnout and depressive symptoms. QoL can be re ﬂ ected in the degree of career satisfaction and career regret. We aim to study the prevalence of career regret in Jordanian medical students and its association with QoL and other related factors METHODS: This national cross-sectional study consisted of an anonymous online survey distributed to medical students enrolled in all six Jordanian medical schools over a period of 6 weeks. A validated tool was used to assess QoL and students were asked a series of questions related to their career satisfaction and career regret. RESULTS: A total of 544 medical students completed the survey. The mean age was 21.5 ± 1.63 years (range 17-29), with 45.6% being males. The overall mean physical health score was 45.9 ± 5.17, and the overall mean mental health score (mental component summary (MCS)) was 42.04 ± 5.52. 76.3% of students have regretted studying medicine, citing stress as the main reason. There was a signi ﬁ cant relation between the year of study and the percentage of career regret. Additionally, mean MCS was signi ﬁ cantly lower in students who were frequently or always thinking about dropping out of medical school. DISCUSSION: The high percentage of career regret and the low mental QoL in Jordanian students are alarming ﬁ ndings, highlighting an underlying source of psychological distress in Jordanians. This calls for further investigations into the psychological health of medical students, as well as interventions to prevent the development of consequences that can impact both students and their future patients.
Is skin autofluorescence a novel non-invasive marker in diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies

Background: The advanced glycation end product (AGE) is produced from the nonenzymatic reaction between glucose and macromolecules by aging. Accumulation of AGE causes functional and structural changes in body proteins that lead to impairment of tissue protein functions. We aimed to validate AGE measurement by skin autofluorescence (SAF) in diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the nondiabetes population. Materials and Methods: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases from their inception till September 18, 2022, for casecontrol studies measuring AGE by SAF. Nonhuman studies, as well as review articles, study proposals, editorials, case reports, or congress posters, were excluded. We used a random effects model to assess the standard mean difference (MD) of age, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, and SAF between diabetes and nondiabetes individuals. Results: Higher SAF in DM patients indicated more accumulation of AGE compared with the nondiabetic population. Furthermore, HbA1c was considerably higher in DM patients. The MD of age, male gender, and BMI were significantly different between the DM individuals, compared with nondiabetic subjects, which can lead to altered SAF level and AGE production. There was a remarkable heterogeneity between diabetes and nondiabetes when measuring age, gender, and BMI, as well as HbA1c and SAF level. Conclusion: This study could not confirm the validity of SAF as a surrogate marker in diabetes patients. Interestingly, metabolic load and high BMI can increase SAF, considerably. Altogether, SAF could be helpful in the future as a marker for metabolic syndrome or diabetes.
Binding selectivity analysis of AURKs inhibitors through molecular dynamics simulation studies

Aurora kinases (AURKs) have been identified as promising biological targets for the treatment of cancer. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the binding selectivity of three inhibitors (HPM, MPY, and VX6) towards AURKA and AURKB by predicting their binding free energies. The results show that the inhibitors HPM, MPY, and VX6 have more favorable interactions with AURKB as compared to AURKA. The binding energy decomposition analysis revealed that four common residue pairs (L139, L83), (V147, V91), (L210, L154), and (L263, L207) showed significant binding energies with HPM, MPY, and VX6, hence responsible for the binding selectivity of AURKA and AURKB to the inhibitors. The MD trajectory analysis also revealed that the inhibitors affect the dynamic flexibility of protein structure, which is also responsible for the partial selectivity of HPM, MPY, and VX6 towards AURKA and AURKB. As expected, this study provides useful insights for the design of potential inhibitors with high selectivity for AURKA and AURKB.