Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure and diversity of the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) population in Belarus in the context of de-lineation of two subspecies: major and pleskei

In the present article, an analysis of the genetic diversity and differentiation of the Belarusian capercaillie sub-populations from the range of two subspecies—Tetrao urogallus major and Tetrao urogallus pleskei—distinguished on the basis of morphological and behavioural (mating vocalization) criteria was carried out. The microsatellites were chosen as genetic markers. A total of 53 specimens were used for genetic analysis (23 specimens from the range of T. u. major and 30 specimens from the range of T. u. pleskei). In this study, we aimed at resolving the following questions: (1) Does the capercaillie subpopulation from the range of T. u. ma-jor in Belarus exhibit genetic isolation from the rest of the population in the country? (2) Should we consider the western subpopulation of the capercaillie in Belarus a management unit? Our data allows concluding that the genetic diversity of the studied capercaillie subpopulations is sufficiently high. The eastern subpopulation of the capercaillie is characterised by slightly higher values of all estimates of genetic diversity. A total of 35 unique alleles were detected in the studied capercaillie population. Of them, 10 alleles (29%) were discovered among the specimens sampled from the western subpopulation of the capercaillie. Genetic analysis for the presence of bottleneck events did not reveal any evidence of those in the demographic history of the studied Belarusian capercaillie subpopulations. Bayesian analysis of genetic structure has indicated the presence of two clusters, corresponding to the eastern and western capercaillie subpopulations in Belarus. The obtained ge-netic structure of the capercaillie population is also supported by the results of the factorial correspondence analysis. The results of genetic structure and diversity analysis indicate that the capercaillie population in Bela-rus possesses a degree of genetic differentiation on subpopulation level and a lack of clear isolation between the studied subpopulations. As recommendations for the conservation of the western subpopulation of the capercaillie in Belarus we propose to conduct genetic monitoring of the newly created population, as well as genetic analysis of the specimens used for breeding.
Intrasubband-related linear and nonlinear optical absorption in single, double and triple QW: the compositions, temperature and QW’s number effects

ABSTRACT This paper exhibits a numerical simulation study of the 1s→2p ISB-related linear and nonlinear optical absorption in single, double, and triple QWs considering the effects of the compositions, temperature, and QW’s number. Our calculations were performed numerically as part of the effective mass approximation using finite element analysis. Our results reveal that for different nanostructures, optical absorption in quantum wells strongly depends on geometry, compositions, and temperature. Furthermore, we have found that optical absorption is greater and more sensitive to compositions and temperature variations in single QW than in double and triple QWs. In addition, a red-shift (blue-shift) associated with an enhancement (fall) of the resonance peaks of the optical absorption spectrum was obtained under the variation of composition, temperature, and number of QW per structure. However, we noticed that adding a QW causes a dramatic decrease in optical absorption due to the high loss rate due to oblique tunnelling and non-radiative optical transitions in double and multiple QWs compared to a single QW. We hope that this study will make a modest contribution to the field of theoretical and computational condensed matter physics.
Automatic Nonuniform Random Variate Generation

considers the four symmetries now adapted to a fixed filtration, using martingale techniques to gain new characterizations. It closes with an authoritative treatment of Palm measures. Chapter 3 is on weak convergence, for instance characterizing convergence in law of exchangeable processes by convergence of their directing mixing measures. For me, the highlight of the chapter is the discussion of subsequence principles that concludes it. The results in Chapters 4 and 5 are closely related but use rather different methods. The former focuses on invariance under predictable transformations, and the latter focuses on decoupling, where many remarkable identities appear, generalizing classical equations of Wald for optionally stopped random walk. Chapter 6 is concerned with random sets and point processes of excursions, exploiting the implications of local or global homogeneity and of invariance under reflections. The final chapters cover multivariate versions of the latter three symmetries. Chapter 7 discusses exchangeable and contractible arrays, and Chapter 8 covers rotatable arrays, both in the multivariate case. Chapter 9 deals with exchangeable random measures in the plane. In a book of this nature, there is much new mathematics, both explicit and implicit, as for instance in Section 7.8, where Kingman’s paintbox representation for exchangeable partitions is significantly extended. The treatment here is understandably rather limited in scope; past work on random partitions was largely motivated by problems arising in population genetics. Although it would take the author far off topic to go into that area, the reader should consult Pitman (2006) to see where it all leads to. Chapter 9 is followed by appendixes on particular points of measure theory and real analysis, and a thorough set of historical and bibliographical notes, giving a comprehensive set of attributions and references and of course further readings. The author’s reference for the probability theory that his book starts from is naturally the text by Kallenberg (2002). The standard of exposition is uncompromising—the reader has to be a poet in posse, as Loève put it (in the preface to the third edition of his treatise, reprinted in Loève 1977)—but uniformly clear. I suppose the one thing that might help the reader more, particularly toward the end of the book, would be more explicit description of the logical dependence of the various sections and results on the earlier material. That would further empower the randomaccess (as opposed to the sequential-access) reader to whom I referred in the first paragraph of this review. Perhaps the author could provide something on his website. But it is inappropriate to carp. As a whole, this is a grand conception, superbly realized.
A Nonlinear Singular Boundary Value Problem in the Theory of Pseudoplastic Fluids

The boundary layer equations for the class of non-Newtonian fluids termed pseudoplastic are examined under the classical conditions of uniform flow past a semi-infinite flat plate. The adoption of Crocco variables results in a nonlinear, singular boundary value problem for the shear function which is an interesting and natural generalization of the well known Crocco equation arising from the standard Newtonian fluid case. The uniqueness, existence and analyticity of the solution are established and subsequently an explicit power series solution is exhibited.
Profiling Physical Fitness of Physical Education Majors Using Unsupervised Machine Learning

The academic curriculum has shown to promote sedentary behavior in college students. This study aimed to profile the physical fitness of physical education majors using unsupervised machine learning and to identify the differences between sexes, academic years, socioeconomic strata, and the generated profiles. A total of 542 healthy and physically active students (445 males, 97 females; 19.8 [2.2] years; 66.0 [10.3] kg; 169.5 [7.8] cm) participated in this cross-sectional study. Their indirect VO2max (Cooper and Shuttle-Run 20 m tests), lower-limb power (horizontal jump), sprint (30 m), agility (shuttle run), and flexibility (sit-and-reach) were assessed. The participants were profiled using clustering algorithms after setting the optimal number of clusters through an internal validation using R packages. Non-parametric tests were used to identify the differences (p < 0.05). The higher percentage of the population were freshmen (51.4%) and middle-income (64.0%) students. Seniors and juniors showed a better physical fitness than first-year students. No significant differences were found between their socioeconomic strata (p > 0.05). Two profiles were identified using hierarchical clustering (Cluster 1 = 318 vs. Cluster 2 = 224). The matching analysis revealed that physical fitness explained the variation in the data, with Cluster 2 as a sex-independent and more physically fit group. All variables differed significantly between the sexes (except the body mass index [p = 0.218]) and the generated profiles (except stature [p = 0.559] and flexibility [p = 0.115]). A multidimensional analysis showed that the body mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and agility contributed the most to the data variation so that they can be used as profiling variables. This profiling method accurately identified the relevant variables to reinforce exercise recommendations in a low physical performance and overweight majors.
ON A CLASS OF POLYNOMIALS DEFINED BY TWO ORTHOGONALITY RELATIONS

In this paper asymptotic representations are obtained for polynomials defined by two orthogonality relations (on the intervals and ) with weight . As in the classical case, the asymptotic expressions are different for and . Asymptotic expressions are also obtained for functions analogous to functions of the second kind, and estimates of the Christoffel coefficients are found. Bibliography: 4 titles.
A Near-Infrared Mechanically Switchable Elastomeric Film as a Dynamic Cell Culture Substrate

Commercial static cell culture substrates can usually not change their physical properties over time, resulting in a limited representation of the variation in biomechanical cues in vivo. To overcome this limitation, approaches incorporating gold nanoparticles to act as transducers to external stimuli have been employed. In this work, gold nanorods were embedded in an elastomeric matrix and used as photothermal transducers to fabricate biocompatible light-responsive substrates. The nanocomposite films analysed by lock-in thermography and nanoindentation show a homogeneous heat distribution and a greater stiffness when irradiated with NIR light. After irradiation, the initial stiffness values were recovered. In vitro experiments performed during NIR irradiation with NIH-3T3 fibroblasts demonstrated that these films were biocompatible and cells remained viable. Cells cultured on the light stiffened nanocomposite exhibited a greater proliferation rate and stronger focal adhesion clustering, indicating increased cell-surface binding strength.
Bifurcations of cuspidal loops

A cuspidal loop for a planar vector field X consists of a homoclinic orbit through a singular point p, at which X has a nilpotent cusp. This is the simplest non-elementary singular cycle (or graphic) in the sense that its singularities are not elementary (i.e. hyperbolic or semihyperbolic). Cuspidal loops appear persistently in three-parameter families of planar vector fields. The bifurcation diagrams of unfoldings of cuspidal loops are studied here under mild genericity hypotheses: the singular point p is of Bogdanov - Takens type and the derivative of the first return map along the orbit is different from 1. An analytic and geometric method based on the blowing up for unfoldings is proposed here to justify the two essentially different models for generic bifurcation diagrams presented in this work. This method can be applied for the study of a large class of complex multiparametric bifurcation problems involving non-elementary singularities, of which the cuspidal loop is the simplest representative. The proofs are complete in a large part of parameter space and can be extended to the complete parameter space modulo a conjecture on the time function of certain quadratic planar vector fields. In one of the cases we can prove that the generic cuspidal loop bifurcates into four limit cycles that are close to it in the Hausdorff sense.
Relativistic electron production during driven magnetic reconnection

Two‐ and three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulations are used to determine the mechanism for producing relativistic electrons during externally driven magnetic reconnection in a plasma sheet configuration that models the near‐Earth growth phase magnetotail. The dominant process is found to be of the inverse Landau‐damping type in which those electrons with velocity component vx ≈ 0 at the X line are accelerated across the tail by the inductive reconnection electric field Ey. This process produces a power‐law energy spectrum for the electrons with a slope of ∼5–6, in agreement with recent observations.
Simulation of transonic flutter and active shockwave control

Transonic flutter and active flap control, in two dimensions, are simulated by coupling independent structural dynamic and inviscid aerodynamic models, in the time domain. A flight control system, to actively control the trailing edge flap motion, has also been incorporated and, since this requires perfect synchronisation of fluid, structure and control signal, the “strong” coupling approach is adopted. The computational method developed is used to perform transonic aeroelastic and aeroservoelastic calculations in the time domain, and used to compute stability (flutter) boundaries of 2D wing sections. Open and closed loop simulations show that active control can successfully suppress flutter and results in a significant increase in the allowable speed index in the transonic regime. It is also shown that active control is still effective when there is free‐play in the control surface hinge. Flowfield analysis is used to investigate the nature of flutter and active control, and the fundamental importance of shock wave motion in the vicinity of the flap is demonstrated.
Clinical Effectiveness of Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Tasks for Post-Stroke Neuro-Rehabilitation of Distal Upper-Extremities: A Case Report

A library of non-immersive Virtual Reality (VR) tasks were developed for post-stroke rehabilitation of distal upper extremities. The objective was to evaluate the rehabilitation impact of the developed VR-tasks on a patient with chronic stroke. The study involved a 50-year-old male patient with chronic (13 month) stroke. Twenty VR therapy sessions of 45 min each were given. Clinical scales, cortical-excitability measures, functional MRI (fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired pre-and post-therapy to evaluate the motor recovery. Increase in Fugl-Meyer Assessment (wrist/hand) by 2 units, Barthel Index by 5 units, Brunnstrom Stage by 1 unit, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination by 3 units, Wrist Active Range of Motion by 5° and decrease in Modified Ashworth Scale by 1 unit were observed. Ipsilesional Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) amplitude (obtained using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) was increased by 60. 9µV with a decrease in Resting Motor Threshold (RMT) by 7%, and contralesional MEP amplitude was increased by 56. 2µV with a decrease in RMT by 7%. The fMRI-derived Laterality Index of Sensorimotor Cortex increased in precentral-gyrus (from 0.28 to 0.33) and in postcentral-gyrus (from 0.07 to 0.3). The DTI-derived FA-asymmetry decreased in precentral-gyrus (from 0.029 to 0.024) and in postcentral-gyrus (from 0.027 to 0.017). Relative reduction in task-specific performance metrics, i.e., time taken to complete the task (31.6%), smoothness of trajectory (76.7%), and relative percentage error (80.7%), were observed from day 1 to day 20 of the VR therapy. VR therapy resulted in improvement in clinical outcomes in a patient with chronic stroke. The research also gives insights to further improve the overall system of rehabilitation.
Collaborative Interprofessional Health Science Student Led Realistic Mass Casualty Incident Simulation

In collaboration, a health science university and a fire department offered a mass casualty incident (MCI) simulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cross-section of student health care providers to determine their working knowledge of an MCI. Students were given a pretest using the Emergency Preparedness Information Questionnaire (EPIQ) and the Simple Triage and Rapid Transport (START) Quiz. The EPIQ instrument related to knowledge of triage, first aid, bio-agent detection, critical reporting, incident command, isolation/quarantine/decontamination, psychological issues, epidemiology, and communications. The START Quiz gave 10 scenarios. Didactic online content was given followed by the simulation a few weeks later. A posttest with the same instruments was given after the simulation. Participants were majority female (81.7%), aged between 25–34 (41.7%), and 61.7% (n = 74) had undergraduate or post-graduate degrees. The overall pretest mean was 2.92 and posttest mean was 3.64. The START Quiz found participants struggled to correctly assign triage levels. Students also experienced challenges correctly assigning patients to specific triage categories. Findings will assist educators to understand knowledge gaps, so revisions can be made to enhance learning in disaster management. Concentration in proper field triage is also a needed focus.
Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Protects against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammation in Mice

Bifidobacterium are prominent gut commensals that produce the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, and they are often used as probiotics. Connections between the gut and the lung, termed the gut–lung axis, are regulated by the microbiome. The gut–lung axis is increasingly implicated in cigarette smoke-induced diseases, and cigarette smoke exposure has been associated with depletion of Bifidobacterium species. In this study, we assessed the impact of acetate-producing Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum (WT) and a mutant strain with an impaired acetate production capacity (MUT) on cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. The mice were treated with WT or MUT B. longum subsp. longum and exposed to cigarette smoke for 8 weeks before assessments of lung inflammation, lung tissue gene expression and cecal SCFAs were performed. Both strains of B. longum subsp. longum reduced lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokine expression and adhesion factor expression and alleviated cigarette smoke-induced depletion in caecum butyrate. Thus, the probiotic administration of B. longum subsp. longum, irrespective of its acetate-producing capacity, alleviated cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and the depletion of cecal butyrate levels.
Poor Internal Jugular Venous Outflow Is Associated with Poor Cortical Venous Outflow and Outcomes after Successful Endovascular Reperfusion Therapy

Many patients show poor outcomes following endovascular reperfusion therapy (ERT), and poor cortical venous outflow is a risk factor for these poor outcomes. We investigated the association between the outflow of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and baseline cortical venous outflow and the outcomes after ERT. We retrospectively enrolled 78 patients diagnosed with an acute anterior circulation stroke and successful ERT. Poor IJV outflow on the affected side was defined as stenosis ≥50% or occlusion of ipsilateral IJV, and poor outflow of bilateral IJVs was defined as stenosis ≥50% or occlusion of both IJVs. Poor cortical venous outflow was defined as a cortical vein opacification score (COVES) of 0 on admission. Multivariate analysis showed that poor outflow of IJV on the affected side was an independent predictor for hemorrhagic transformation. The poor outflow of bilateral IJVs was an independent risk factor for poor clinical outcomes. These patients also had numerical trends of a higher incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, midline shift >10 mm, and in-hospital mortality; however, statistical significance was not observed. Additionally, poor IJV outflow was an independent determinant of poor cortical venous outflow. For acute large vessel occlusion patients, poor IJV outflow is associated with poor baseline cortical venous outflow and outcomes after successful ERT.
Endosomal Sorting Protein SNX27 and Its Emerging Roles in Human Cancers

Simple Summary The sorting nexin (SNX) family of proteins mediate the sorting and trafficking of endocytosed transmembrane proteins between the endosomal compartments, lysosome, trans-Golgi network, and plasma membrane. SNXs are characterized by the presence of a Phox domain; however, SNX27 is a unique member of this family as it contains an additional PDZ domain. Evidence suggests that SNX27, in association with the retromer complex, binds cargo via its PDZ domain and recycles them from the early endosomes to the plasma membrane, thereby escaping their lysosomal degradation. The roles of SNX27 in cancer is largely unexplored, however many of its identified cargoes have been indicated in tumorigenesis. In this review we provide a summary of the current knowledge, as supported by scientific literature and evidence, regarding the fundamental structure, biological function, and implication of SNX27 in human cancers. Abstract SNX27 belongs to the sorting nexin (SNX) family of proteins that play a critical role in protein sorting and trafficking in the endocytosis pathway. This protein family is characterized by the presence of a Phox (PX) domain; however, SNX27 is unique in containing an additional PDZ domain. Recently, SNX27 has gained popularity as an important sorting protein that is associated with the retromer complex and mediates the recycling of internalized proteins from endosomes to the plasma membrane in a PDZ domain-dependent manner. Over 100 cell surface proteins have been identified as binding partners of the SNX27–retromer complex. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms governed by SNX27 in tumorigenesis remains to be poorly understood. Many of its known binding partners include several G-protein coupled receptors, such as β2-andrenergic receptor and parathyroid hormone receptor, are associated with multiple pathways implicated in oncogenic signaling and tumorigenesis. Additionally, SNX27 mediates the recycling of GLUT1 and the activation of mTORC1, both of which can regulate intracellular energy balance and promote cell survival and proliferation under conditions of nutrient deprivation. In this review, we summarize the structure and fundamental roles of SNX proteins, with a focus on SNX27, and provide the current evidence indicating towards the role of SNX27 in human cancers. We also discuss the gap in the field and future direction of SNX27 research. Insights into the emerging roles and mechanism of SNX27 in cancers will provide better development strategies to prevent and treat tumorigenesis.