Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of urban hydrology and elevated atmospheric deposition on nitrate retention and loss in urban wetlands

OF THE DISSERTATION THE EFFECTS OF URBAN HYDROLOGY AND ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION ON NITRATE RETENTION AND LOSS IN URBAN WETLANDS by EMILIE KAYE STANDER Dissertation Director: Joan G. Ehrenfeld, Ph.D. Wetlands are known for their ability to process nitrate inputs from uplands and groundwater and thus prevent nitrate discharge to sensitive waters. Wetlands in urban landscapes are subjected to numerous disturbances which may prevent them from serving as N sinks. The objective of this dissertation is to document N cycling in urban wetlands in the context of altered hydrology and elevated atmospheric N deposition, and to determine whether urban wetlands serve as sinks or sources of nitrate to receiving waters. This study was conducted in palustrine, forested wetlands in northeastern New Jersey. In situ rates of net N mineralization, net nitrification, and denitrification were measured monthly for one year. Water table levels were monitored over five years, and soil and vegetation properties were characterized. Weekly nitrate inputs as throughfall and outputs as leachate were measured for one year and analyzed for stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen.
Solar radiation modification challenges decarbonization with renewable solar energy

Abstract. Solar radiation modification (SRM) is increasingly being discussed as a potential tool to reduce global and regional temperatures to buy time for conventional carbon mitigation measures to take effect. However, most simulations to date assume SRM to be an additive component to the climate change toolbox, without any physical coupling between mitigation and SRM. In this study we analyze one aspect of this coupling: how renewable energy (RE) capacity, and therefore decarbonization rates, may be affected under SRM deployment by modification of photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) production potential. Simulated 1 h output from the Earth system model CNRM-ESM2-1 for scenario-based experiments is used for the assessment. The SRM scenario uses stratospheric aerosol injections (SAIs) to approximately lower global mean temperature from the high-emission scenario SSP585 baseline to the moderate-emission scenario SSP245. We find that by the end of the century, most regions experience an increased number of low PV and CSP energy weeks per year under SAI compared to SSP245. Compared to SSP585, while the increase in low energy weeks under SAI is still dominant on a global scale, certain areas may benefit from SAI and see fewer low PV or CSP energy weeks. A substantial part of the decrease in potential with SAI compared to the SSP scenarios is compensated for by optically thinner upper-tropospheric clouds under SAI, which allow more radiation to penetrate towards the surface. The largest relative reductions in PV potential are seen in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes. Our study suggests that using SAI to reduce high-end global warming to moderate global warming could pose increased challenges for meeting energy demand with solar renewable resources.
The Role of Innovative Work Behavior in Management of Public Transportation in Indonesia

This study examines the low performance of state civil servants related (ASN) to the management of public transportation at the Directorate of Road Transport (DRT), Ministry of Transportation, Indonesia. This study surveyed 103 ASNs, using a quantitative approach using the Amos SEM software. The results showed that Knowledge Sharing (KS) and Work Engagement (WE) directly influenced Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) as well as Job Performance (JP). Meanwhile, IWB had a significant, direct effect on JP and acts as a full mediator in the effect of KS and WE on JP. The descriptive data obtained also showed that respondents’ statements based on gender have differences related to the IWB variable, where on average, women were better than men. However, for other variables (JP, KS
The Role of the Lecturer as Tutor: Doing What Effective Tutors Do in a Large Lecture Class

Most instructors at one point or another in their careers—during office hours, in the laboratory setting, or as a tutor—have had the luxury of sitting down one-on-one with a student to help him or her learn. For many, the reward of watching the proverbial lightbulb go on over a student's head was a first, addictive step into a career that involved teaching. Now imagine—or for many of us, remember—standing in front of 30, 60, 100, 150, 200, 300, 700, or even 1000 students in a traditional college or university lecture setting. Did you sometimes wish you could just sit down and talk with students from your large lecture individually, and then they would finally get it? What is similar and different about your instructional choices in a large lecture versus a one-on-one situation? To what extent can we translate what is known about effective tutoring to a large lecture setting? One-on-one human tutoring has been extensively studied. Insights into what makes it effective is of great interest in a variety of fields, including computer-based tutoring program development, general education research, and training of future teachers. It is well accepted that one-on-one tutoring promotes both greater student learning and increased student motivation to learn compared with traditional, formal classroom teaching and learning settings (Slavin, 1987 ). However, examination of the research literature on effective tutoring would suggest that this mode of instruction and our approaches to fostering student understanding in large biology lecture classrooms need not be as dramatically different as one might assume. In fact, the differences in what instructors choose to say and do, as well as what they choose not to say and do, in each of these settings may be more critical for learning than the setting itself or the numbers of students involved. In this paper, we share insights into what is known about what effective tutors do and do not do, and we present specific approaches for adapting effective tutoring strategies and applying them to large biology lecture classes.
E�cacy of adjuvant radiotherapy for treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma: a retrospective study and an updated meta-analysis

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy. Surgical resection is the standard treatment for localized ACC, but the local recurrence remains high. Adjuvant radiation (ART) has been proposed as a means to reduce recurrence rates in ACC after surgery with con�icting results from nonrandomized studies. We performed a retrospective study and a meta-analysis to determine the impact of ART on survival outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study of the adrenocortical cancer database in Peking Union Medical College was conducted. We selected postoperative ACC patients with or without ART. A meta-analysis is also performed to compare the outcomes between ART and only surgical resection in ACC patients. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Stata 15.0 statistical software. Differences between two groups were compared using the log-rank test for retrospective analysis and estimated by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% con�dence interval (CI) for meta-analysis. Results: Of a total of 75 patients available in the database, 12 patients underwent postoperative ART and were matched one to one to patients with only surgical resection. There was no signi�cant difference on overall survival between ART group and control group (log-rank P = 0.149). Locoregional recurrence was diagnosed in 2 of the ART group, and in 4 of the control group (P=0.64). A total of 238 participants were selected for the meta-analysis, of which 111 and 127 patients underwent ART after surgical resection and only surgical
Reactive oxygen species in health and disease

Despite decades of research, mitochondrial epigenetics remains a controversial notion. Recent findings, however, indicate that dysfunctional mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation could underlie aging and disease. Unraveling such a level of regulation will be essential in the understanding of and in interfering with the role of mitochondria in many physiological and pathophysiological processes.
and control of harmonic radiation from active integrated

— Harmonic radiation from microstrip patch oscillators is examined experimentally and theoretically using both a single and dual parallel-tuned circuit Van der Pol oscillator model. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the fundamental and first harmonic voltage amplitudes, and results show reasonably good agreement with a commercial circuit simulator. Such expressions will be useful for designers of active integrated antennas, giving them greater physical insight into their operation. Experimental results are presented for three configurations of a patch oscillator, i.e., rectangular patch, circular-sector patch, and quarter-wave shorted patch. The latter two configurations present very low resistance at the first harmonic frequency and this leads to improved harmonic suppression performance. This is in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions.
ap-Cross-sectional study of the relationships among bedding materials, bedding bacteria counts, and intramammary infection in late-lactation dairy cows

Objectives of this study were to (1) describe the in-tramammary infection (IMI) prevalence and pathogen profiles in quarters of cows approaching dry-off in US dairy herds, (2) compare IMI prevalence in quarters of cows exposed to different bedding material types, and (3) identify associations between bedding bacteria count and IMI in cows approaching dry-off. Eighty herds using 1 of 4 common bedding materials (manure solids, organic non-manure, new sand, and recycled sand) were recruited in a multi-site cross-sectional study. Each herd was visited twice for sampling. At each visit, aseptic quarter-milk samples were collected from 20 cows approaching dry-off (>180 d pregnant). Samples of unused and used bedding were also collected. Aerobic culture was used to determine the IMI status of 10,448 quarters and to enumerate counts (log 10 cfu/mL) of all bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. , Streptococcus spp. and Streptococcus -like organisms (SSLO), coliforms, Klebsiella spp. , noncoliform gram-negatives, Bacillus spp. , and Prototheca spp . in unused (n = 148) and used (n = 150) bedding. The association between bedding bacteria count and IMI was determined us-ing multivariable logistic regression with mixed effects. Quarter-level prevalence of IMI was 21.1%, which was primarily caused by non-aureus Staphylococcus spp . (11.4%) and SSLO (5.6%). Only modest differences in IMI prevalence were observed between the 4 common bedding material types. Counts of all bacteria in unused bedding was positively associated with odds of IMI caused by any pathogen [ALL-IMI; odds ratio (OR) = 1.08]. A positive association was also observed for counts of SSLO in unused bedding and SSLO-IMI (OR = 1.09). These patterns of association were generally consistent across the 4 common bedding materials. In contrast, the association between counts of all bacteria in used bedding and ALL-IMI varied by bedding type, with positive associations observed in quarters exposed to manure solids (OR = 2.29) and organic non-manure (OR = 1.51) and a negative association in quarters exposed to new sand (OR = 0.47). Findings from this study suggest that quarter-level IMI prevalence in late-lactation cows is low in US dairy herds. Furthermore, bedding material type may not be an important risk factor for IMI in late lactation. Higher levels of bacteria in bedding may increase IMI prevalence at dry-off in general, but this relationship is likely to vary according to bedding material type.
Alcohol and absorption from the small intestine 2. Effect of ethanol on ATP and ATPase activities in guinea-pig

SUMMARY After the exposure of isolated segments of guinea-pig jejunum to 2% ethanol for one hour, a significant reduction (p < 0 001) in the adenosine triphosphate content (ATP) was observed when compared with levels found in segments perfused with Krebs' solution. However, no alteration was noted in the activity of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). The chronic administration of 50 % ethanol in a dose of 2-5 g/kg for two weeks did not affect either the ATP content or ATPase activity in jejunal mucosa.
of Birmingham The use of random projections for the analysis of mass spectrometry imaging data

The ‘ curse of dimensionality ’ imposes fundamental limits on the analysis of the large, information rich datasets that are produced by mass spectrometry imaging. Additionally, such datasets are often too large to be analyzed as a whole and so dimensionality reduction is required before further analysis can be performed. We investigate the use of simple random projections for the dimensionality reduction of mass spectrometry imaging data and examine how they enable efficient and fast segmentation using k -means clustering. The method is computationally efficient and can be implemented such that only one spectrum is needed in memory at any time. We use this technique to reveal histologically significant regions within MALDI images of diseased human liver. Segmentation results achieved following a reduction in the dimensionality of the data by more than 99% (without peak picking) showed that histologic changes due to disease can be automatically visualized from molecular images.
Objective analyses of annual, seasonal, and monthly temperature and salinity for the World Ocean on a 0.25° grid

Objectively analysed climatological mean fields of temperature and salinity have been calculated on a 0.25° grid for the World Ocean for the annual, seasonal, and monthly compositing periods using data from the World Ocean Database 2001. The annual and seasonal fields are calculated at standard levels from the surface to 5500 m. The monthly fields are calculated at standard levels from the surface to 1500 m. In comparison with similarly computed climatologies calculated on a 1° grid, ocean circulation features, such as the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current, are more clearly represented. The new 0.25° climatologies preserve most of the spatial resolution of earlier 0.25° temperature and salinity climatologies, while reducing noise by additional smoothing in horizontal space (geographically at each depth), vertically (along depth at each grid), as well as in time (Fourier filtering). Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
University of Birmingham Can Serial Rapists be Distinguished from One-off Rapists?

There are investigative advantages to being able to determine early in a police investigation whether a sexual offence has been committed by a serial or one-off rapist. Previous research has found some differences in the crime-scene behaviours of serial and one-off rapists, however this research suffers from the limitation of sampling rapes for which there is a mixture of victim-offender relationships. To test the hypothesis a sample of 38 serial (two or more convictions) and 50 one-off (one conviction), stranger rapists were compared across four domains of crime-scene behaviours (control, sex, escape and style). Results show that serial and one-off rapists differ in both the control and sex domains; particularly in terms of the type of victim targeted, the locations chosen for the offence, methods of control and the sexual acts that they force upon the victim. The implications of these findings for criminal investigations are discussed.
The Effect of Imbalanced Data and Parameter Selection via Genetic Algorithm Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for Financial Distress Prediction

—Financial companies are grappling with a burning issue about bankruptcy prediction. There are many methods for bankruptcy prediction, including statistical models and machine learning. Real-life datasets are often imbalanced with high dimensionality. Therefore, it is challenging to train a robust model to predict bankruptcy. Thus, we first applied an oversampling technique known as the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to reduce the skewness of the data. The balanced data was trained with the baseline models, the ensemble classifiers using different combination methods and the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. In addition, we employed an optimization technique called a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize and determine the learning parameters of an LSTM network. We further determine the effects of using different training/testing ratios on the developed models. An autoencoder long short-term memory (LSTM) model was developed to extract the best feature representation of the input data. A comparative analysis was carried out between the LSTM-GA and autoencoder-LSTM. The results show that the improved LSTM-GA model with an accuracy of 98.11% performs better than other models. Overall, the research work concluded that all models and LSTM have good performances, while the optimized LSTM model via genetic algorithm outperforms the classical machine learning models.
Permian-triassic continental sequences of Northwest Sardinia and South Provence : stratigraphic correlations and palaeogeographical implications

Detailed stratigraphical-sedimentological investigations have recently focused on the Permian to Triassic continental sequences of Nurra (NW Sardinia) and Provence (SE France) with the shedding of new light on the chrono- and lithostratigraphical correlations between these two distant areas today. The target of this research is to reconstruct the paleogeography of this western Mediterranean sector during the Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic transition, and to make inferences on the most reliable palaeoposition of the CorsicaSardinia block before its drift toward the Tyrrhenian area. The investigated successions are presently and mainly exposed in Sardinia, along the coastal area of Cala Viola-Porto Ferro, up to Punta Lu Caparoni (N of Alghero) and in France, between Sanary and Carqueiranne (W and E of Toulon). Facies and palaeoenvironmental analysis, enhanced by the outstanding quality of outcrops, allowed us to correlate both the successions and, consequently, to highlight three main stratigraphic sequences which are recognisable at a regional scale. The stacking pattern of these sequences is as follow: The first sequence shows reduced thicknesses and lies unconformably on the Variscan metamorphic basement. It is initially represented by a Basal Conglomerate entirely composed of basement lithoclasts and later by alluvial-to-lacustrine deposits, named the Punta Lu Caparoni Fm. in Sardinia and the Les Pellegrins Fm. in Provence. The first «Formation» is rich in Autunian mega- and microfloras, while for the second, new palynological research is in progress. In both areas, volcanic rocks of presumed calc-alkaline affinity are discontinuously associated within and above these sediments. The second sequence is the most represented both in Sardinia
Eﬀicacy of alirocumab according to background statin type and dose: pooled analysis of 8 ODYSSEY Phase 3 clinical trials.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reductions with the PCSK9 monoclonal antibody alirocumab may be affected by background statin dose due to increased PCSK9 levels with higher statin doses. Data from 8 Phase 3 trials conducted with background statin (n = 4629) were pooled by alirocumab dose (75 or 150 mg every 2 weeks) and control (placebo/ezetimibe), and analyzed by background statin type/dose. Overall, 58.4% received high-dose statins (atorvastatin 40–80 mg, rosuvastatin 20–40 mg, simvastatin 80 mg), 28.6% moderate-dose statins (atorvastatin 20– < 40 mg, rosuvastatin 10– < 20 mg, simvastatin 40– < 80 mg), and 12.9% low-dose statins (atorvastatin < 20 mg, rosuvastatin < 10 mg, simvastatin < 40 mg). Mean baseline PCSK9 levels were higher with high versus moderate and low statin doses (318.5 vs 280.6 ng/mL). Baseline LDL-C levels were similar across pools, regardless of statin intensity. No associations were observed between statin type/dose and LDL-C % change from baseline or % of patients achieving LDL-C goals at Week 24 for alirocumab versus control (interaction P -values non-significant). Incidence of adverse events was similar for alirocumab versus control, except for a higher rate of injection-site reactions with alirocumab. In summary, alirocumab provided consistent LDL-C reductions and was generally well tolerated independent of background statin type/dose. Statins
Prediction of rail and bridge noise from concrete railway viaducts using a multi-layer rail fastener model and a wavenumber domain method

Concrete viaducts are an important part of the urban rail transit system but they produce considerable noise pollution in the communities nearby. The vibration generated at the wheel-rail interface is transmitted along the rail and also into the bridge so that noise is radiated from both the rail and the bridge. To facilitate noise predictions it is desirable to develop a model that takes into account the vibration generation and transmission in the train-track-bridge system. The vibration and the associated noise of the track-bridge system are computed with a unified vibro-acoustic model using a wavenumber domain finite element and boundary element method. An important aspect is shown to be the frequency-dependent stiffness of a typical rail fastener utilized on bridges due to resonance of the baseplate between two rubber pads. In this study a multi-layer fastener model is proposed to allow for this effect. The proposed procedure is applied to a viaduct with a U-shaped section and compared with field measurements during train pass-bys. The elastic modulus and damping of the rubber pads and equivalent loss factor of the rail are chosen by fitting the calculated track decay rates to those estimated from measured rail accelerations under train passages. The wheel-rail combined roughness is also derived from the measured rail vibration. A comparison is then made between the simulated and measured bridge vibration to verify the proposed method as well as the parameters used in the track-bridge system. The predicted noise levels are also compared with the measured results. The effects of the fastener model, fastener stiffness, bridge damping and interference between multiple wheels are then discussed. It is found that the bridge noise has a non-negligible effect on the total A-weighted
Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum on Growth Performance, Bioaccumulation and Antioxidant Defenses of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) Under Cadmium Toxicity

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 14931 as a probiotic to improve immune function and reduce the adverse effects of cadmium (Cd) in zebrafish. This study was performed for 60 days of feeding and 72 hours exposure to 7 g/L Cd. The study groups included C: Control, B: Feeding with a basal diet and exposure to cd, T1 and T3 : feeding with probiotic diet in concentrations of 1.5×10 4 and 1.5×10 5 CFU ml -1 and exposure to cd, respectively. The biometrical index, mortality rate, Cd accumulation in tissue, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined. According to the results, feeding with probiotics increased the length and weight growth of fish (P<0.05). The mortality rate in probiotic-fed groups was significantly reduced (P<0.05), while no significant difference was recorded in the cd accumulation rate of the gastrointestinal tract (P>0.05). Also, the SOD activity and MDA level decreased in T1 and T2 (P<0.05). Generally, the results showed that L. fermentum can be used as a suitable dietary supplement to prevent the adverse effects of acute Cd exposure in fish.