Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wall-modeled LES of three-dimensional intersecting shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions

For both military and civil applications, vehicles flying at highly supersonic or hypersonic speed are promising candidates for future transportation (Leyva 2017). One principal challenge for designing such vehicles is the development of the thermal protection system (Candler 2019), which can withstand the immense thermal loading. The development of efficient and accurate simulation tools that can predict these aerodynamic characteristics, e.g., laminar-turbulent transition, flow separation, and heat transfer, can complement experimental campaigns (Schneider 2008; Sandham et al. 2014; Schuelein 2014; Willems et al. 2015). The use of simulation strategies would help reduce trial-anderror iterations expediting the design process (Gaitonde 2015), and provide additional data that would otherwise be difficult to probe or measure in experimental facilities. Hypersonic wall-bounded flows for realistic flight vehicles can be characterized by high Reynolds numbers and cold surface temperatures compared to the free-stream stagnation temperature. The prohibitive computational costs associated with high Reynolds numbers are well known (Choi & Moin 2012), while the cold wall conditions exacerbate the near-wall resolution requirements associated with the large temperature gradients in the vicinity of peak viscous dissipation. As a result, direct numerical simulations (DNS) of these flows have been largely limited to simple geometries with low Reynolds numbers, e.g., high-speed compressible boundary layer flows (Duan et al. 2011), hypersonic boundary-layer transitional flow for a flared cone (Hader & Fasel 2019), turbulent boundary layer along a compression ramp (Adams 2000), and transitional shock/boundary layer interaction (Sandham et al. 2014). In this work, the canonical model of a realistic inlet configuration of an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle is considered (Kussoy & Horstman 1992). The basic configuration consists of two sharp fins mounted on a flat plate. The salient flow features are characterized by a hypersonic turbulent boundary layer that approaches the two vertical fins, generating a crossing shock pattern as well as a separation zone with strong pressure gradient. The objective of the present work is to assess the accuracy of the wall modeled large-eddy simulation (WMLES) approach in the context of more complex geometries and complex flow regimes. In particular, emphasis is placed on the ability to predict surface heat fluxes and the complex separation pattern that arises due to the impinging shock structure. The remainder of this work is organized as follows. In Section 2, the equilibrium wall model, as well as the employed numerical method, is briefly reviewed. In Section 3, the physical problem definition and the corresponding computational setup are discussed in
The Beneficial Effects of Ramadan Fasting from the Medical and Sociocultural Perspectives

Despite the abundant treatise and resource materials on Ramadan fasting, questions still arise regarding the benefits of this annual religious ritual. In an attempt to lend credence to the medical benefits of Ramadan, an academic adventure was undertaken, entailing the principles of Ramadan fasting and its effects on Muslims in terms of health and sickness. The findings of the studies on the health implications of Ramadan fasting and other similar prolonged dietary restrictions in human participants and animal models were reviewed and discussed. This review also catalogued the main contributions of fasting to the human health and physiological wellbeing of experimental subjects. In addition, our study considered religious limitations, as well as the side-effects and health hazards of some ailments that could pose a threat to Muslims, vis-a-vis their observance of Ramadan fasting. Some of the conditions that are inimical to the physiological status of human participants include cardiac diseases, diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy in women. Consistent with the previous findings, the present study indicated that Ramadan fasting has health, social, moral, environmental, and spiritual benefits for Muslims. In conclusion, fasting has proven an efficacious nutritherapy as the offered dietary regimens are among the non-pharmacological approaches to improving the human health with several societal and environmental benefits. In addition, Ramadan fasting leads to positive changes in the attitudes of individuals, thereby resulting in the sociocultural balance of the community and environmental harmony.
Engineering metal–organic frameworks immobilize gold catalysts for highly efficient one-pot synthesis of propargylamines

Engineering metal–organic frameworks (MOF) for heterogeneous catalysts have been of extreme interest since they could bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. We have designed and synthesized gold functionalized IRMOF-3 catalysts by post-covalent modification (PM) and one-pot (OP) synthesis methods. The gold functionalized IRMOF-3 catalysts provide an efficient, economic, and novel route for the one-pot synthesis of structurally divergent propargylamines via three component coupling of alkyne, amine, and aldehyde (A3) without any additives or an inert atmosphere. The catalysts were characterized in depth to understand their structure–property relationship. It was shown that the 4.6%Au/IRMOF-3 catalyst, prepared by the PM method, contains a fraction of cationic gold (Au3+/Au0 = 0.2), which shows much higher catalytic activity than that of 3.2% or 0.6%Au/IRMOF-3 prepared by OP method, although the former exhibits much lower crystallinity than the latter two catalysts. Notably, the catalytic activity of the Au/IRMOF-3 catalysts could be significantly enhanced at a moderate reaction temperature (150 °C). All the Au/IRMOF-3 catalysts can be easily recycled and used repetitively at least 5 times, especially the catalysts prepared by the OP method, which showed no drop in activity for the successive 5 uses. These features render the catalysts particularly attractive in the practice of propargylamines synthesis in an environmentally friendly manner.
Effects of human-related and biotic landscape features on the occurrence and size of modern forest fires in Sweden

The influence of landscape features on the occurrence and size of forest fires in Northern Europe has not been well-studied. In this paper, we analyzed the impact of human-related landscape properties (road and human population density), biotic features (amount of firebreak area and vegetation zone) and fire weather indices (Buildup Index, BUI and Initial Spread Index, ISI) on the occurrence and size of forest fires in Sweden from 1998 to 2017. To analyze the environmental controls of fire occurrence and fire size under different levels of climatological fire hazard, we divided the data into two subsets: (1) large fire years (LFY), defined as the years with the total amount of burned area being higher than the dataset-wide average (2002, 2003, 2006, 2008 and 2014), and (2) the remaining years (nLFY). Our analytical approach was based on spatial models using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA). Models built on both LFY and nLFY subsets suggested a strong human influence on fire occurrence: road density, the number of firebreaks, and population density, all were positively associated with fire occurrence, suggesting an important role of human-related ignitions. The southernmost vegetation zones in Sweden (boreo-nemoral and nemoral) exhibited the highest fire occurrence (LFY), a pattern potentially related to a higher population density in combination with weather more conducive for fires in this part of the country. The patterns that emerged from the fire size models pointed to the climate as the main factor controlling fire size, irrespective of the type of years analyzed. Road density, number of firebreaks and population density showed a negative association with fire size, possibly indicating higher efficiency of fire suppression in the areas with higher human presence. Vegetation zones were selected as an informative predictor, indicating that the fire activity varies across the zones, with those in mid-Sweden being the most prone to large events. The ISI correlated strongly and positively with fire size in both subsets (LFY and nLFY), pointing to the role of weather conditions favorable for fire spread, primarily that of surface fires. The BUI showed a weak negative correlation to fire size, indicating that dryness of organic horizon, specifically its deeper layers, is less relevant for predicting fire size. Contemporary fire activity in Sweden is driven by a combination of humanrelated ignitions, and weather conditions controlling fire spread with a moderate effect of vegetation composition and generally efficient fire suppression. Human-related landscape features (roads and population density) play a major role in shaping ignition patterns, whereas climate (ISI) and vegetation properties appear informative as predictors of fire size, even under a modern fire suppression effort.
Ganoderma diversity from smallholder oil palm plantations in peatlands of Kampar District, Indonesia based on mycelia morphology and somatic incompatibility

Abstract. Hamzah A, Saputra R, Puspita F, Nasrul B, Irfandri, Depari NS. 2021. Ganoderma diversity from smallholder oil palm plantations in peatlands of Kampar District, Indonesia, based on mycelia morphology and somatic incompatibility. Biodiversitas 22: 16-22. Basal Stem Rot disease is caused by the pathogenic fungus Ganoderma boninense which has caused major economic losses in the palm oil industry. Ganoderma boninense has been reported not only infecting crops in the field, but also attacking at the immature phase of the plant even in the nursery. Studies related to Ganoderma diversity in oil palm plantations in Riau, Indonesia have not been widely reported. Ganoderma genetic diversity is important because its provide information regarding the mechanism of infection and the spatial distribution. The Ganoderma spp. isolates were collected from three blocks of smallholder oil palm plantation in Deli Makmur Village, Kampar District, Riau Province, Indonesia and brought to Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. This experimental research was conducted using six Ganoderma isolates (Gan1, Gan2, Gan3, Gan4, Gan5, and Gan6) on the parameters of colony diameter and growth speed, while for the parameters of the morphological diversity of Ganoderma mycelium and the diversity based on somatic incompatibility assay was carried out descriptively. The results of this study show that oil palm plants in smallholder plantations in Kampar District are infected by two groups of Ganoderma based on morphology characteristics using UPGMA dendrogram, but different among isolates based on genetically using somatic incompatibility assay. For the next confirmation, it is necessary to further identify whether the six isolates are different species using molecular identification.
Multiplexed bioluminescence imaging of cancer cell response to hypoxia and inflammation in the caudal-artery injection model of bone metastasis during zoledronic acid treatment

Aim: Therapeutic agents suppressing bone remodeling have been clinically approved to delay metastatic progression and skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastasis. However, therapeutic agents including zoledronic acid (ZA) are insufficient to regress established bone metastasis. Therefore, new treatment strategies are desired, and unraveling the status of cancer cells during bone metastatic progression will help develop therapeutic strategies. Methods: We developed a unique multiplexed reporter system for bioluminescent imaging (MRS-BLI) using three luciferase reporter genes. This system allows for the noninvasive and quantitative monitoring of tumor growth and activities of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which are the key transcriptional factors in response to inflammation and hypoxia, respectively. PC-3/MRS-BLI, a human prostate cancer cell line that stably retains the MRS-BLI reporter genes, was applied to the caudal-artery injection model of bone metastasis to observe the status of cancer cells during bone metastasis development and ZA treatment (< 1 month). Results: MRS-BLI reveals key events during the bone metastasis development: NF-κB and HIF are activated in cancer cells after migration to the bone marrow and are transiently reduced, followed by rapid activation before Page 2 of 12 Minegishi et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2021;7:5 I http://dx.doi. org/10.20517/2394-4722.2020. 96 proliferation begins. ZA treatment suppresses the growth of metastasized cancer cells by suppressing NF-κB and HIF activities that may be indirectly induced by osteoclast activation. Conclusion: By visualizing the NF-κB and HIF activities of PC-3/MRS-BLI in bone, MRS-BLI has enabled new discoveries regarding the regulation of bone metastases. Further analysis of the progression of bone metastases using MRS-BLI may provide important information for developing new therapeutic strategies.
Developing EFL religious characters and local wisdom based EFL textbook for Islamic higher education

The development of religious characters and local wisdom in an English textbook is an effort to develop students’ English competence without ignoring their religious values and culture in English communication. The purpose of this current study is to design an EFL teaching textbook based on religious characters and local wisdom that can be appropriately used for Islamic higher education at Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang, Indonesia. Research and Development type was used to design the textbook in four stages, namely, need analysis, designing textbook, tryout, and textbook revision. The observation, questionnaires, and interviews were used to collect the data. The findings revealed that textbook development resulted in eight chapters with the various themes of religious characters and local wisdom. Each chapter consists of English skills including listening, speaking, reading, writing, and grammar. The results of the textbook validations from four English language experts and learners revealed that the score was 3.53 (88.5%) within the interval of 1 to 4 and it is sorted out into a ‘strongly agree’ category. The textbook based on religious characters and local wisdom provides the students with particular challenges to respond or communicate while exploring their local cultures and practices. To find out the effectiveness of that textbook, it is recommended that an experimental study should be conducted by future researchers. * Corresponding author, email: darmayenti@uinib.ac. id Citation in APA style: Darmayenti, Besral, & Yustina, L. S. (2021). Developing an EFL religious characters and local wisdom based EFL textbook for Islamic higher education. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(1), 157-180. Received September 10, 2020; Revised December 10, 2020; Accepted December 15, 2020; Published Online January 3, 2021 https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1. 18263 Darmayenti, Besral & L. S. Yustina, Developing an EFL religious characters and local wisdom based EFL textbook for Islamic higher education | 158
The Beveridge curve and equilibrium unemployment

The Phillips Curve is commonly relied upon to estimate the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU). However, the trade-off between inflation and unemployment has become more ambiguous, in part due to the current existence of low inflation and low unemployment. This may render NAIRU estimates less reliable. Thus, in order to gain a more accurate insight into the state of the labor market, I turn to the often-overlooked Beveridge Curve (BC), which depicts the negative relationship between the job vacancy rate (V) and the unemployment rate (U). I contribute to the literature by estimating the BC and the Job Creation Curve (JCC) for the US overall and for each US Census Region (Midwest, Northeast, South, and West) through the use of the Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS), which covers the period from 2001-2019. Using equilibrium unemployment theory, I am able to identify equilibrium unemployment levels in both the preand post-recessionary periods as well as in a scenario where perfect matching efficiency (V=U) is obtained. My findings show that the US and the Midwest had the highest equilibrium unemployment estimates under the prevailing conditions in the post-recessionary period at 5.6%, while the South had the lowest, at 5.2%. Conversely, in a world of perfect matching efficiency (where V = U), the steady-state equilibrium estimates are much lower, ranging from 4.1% to 4.3%. Acknowledgements: I thank The Center for Global and Regional Economic Studies at Bryant University for funding. I thank Dr. Allison Shwachman Kaminaga for her valuable feedback and mentorship. Citation: Hannah Sheldon, (2020) ''The Beveridge curve and equilibrium unemployment'', Economics Bulletin, Volume 40, Issue 4, pages 3182-3192 Contact: Hannah Sheldon hbsheldon@gmail.com. Submitted: May 28, 2020. Published: December 06, 2020.
An Empirical Study on the Intrinsic Privacy of Stochastic Gradient Descent

In this work, we take the first step towards understanding whether the intrinsic randomness of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) can be leveraged for privacy, for any given dataset and model. In doing so, we hope to mitigate the trade-off between privacy and performance for models trained with differential-privacy (DP) guarantees. Our primary contribution is a large-scale empirical analysis of SGD on convex and non-convex objectives. We evaluate the inherent variability in SGD on 4 datasets and calculate the intrinsic data-dependent ϵ i (D) values due to the inherent noise. First, we show that the variability in model parameters due to random sampling almost always exceeds that due to changes in the data. We use this to show that the existing theoretical bound on the sensitivity of SGD with convex objectives is not tight. For logistic regression, we observe that SGD provides intrinsic ϵ i (D) values between 3.95 and 23.10 across four datasets, dropping to between 1.25 and 4.22 using the tight empirical sensitivity bound. For neural networks considered, we report high ϵ i (D) values (>40) owing to their larger parameter count. Next, we propose a method to augment the intrinsic noise of SGD to achieve the desired target ϵ . Our augmented SGD produces models that outperform existing approaches with the same privacy target, closing the gap to noiseless utility between 0.03% and 36.31% for logistic regression. We further explore the role of the number of steps of SGD, and demonstrate that our analysis provides stable estimates. Our experiments provide concrete evidence that changing the seed in SGD has a far greater impact on the model’s weights than excluding any given training example. By accounting for this intrinsic randomness - subject to necessary assumptions, we can achieve a consistent and statistically significant improvement in utility, without sacrificing further privacy.
NovelBispecificDomainAntibodytoLRP6 Inhibits Wnt andR-spondinLigand-InducedWntSignaling and Tumor Growth

Aberrant WNT signaling is associated with the formation and growth of numerous human cancer types. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) is the least redundant component of the WNT receptor complex with two independent WNT ligand-binding sites. Using domain antibody (dAb) technology, a bispecific antibody (GSK3178022) to LRP6 was identified that is capable of blocking stimulation in the presence of a range of WNT and R-spondin (RSPO) ligands in vitro. GSK3178022 was also efficacious in reducing WNT target gene expression in vivo, in both cancer cell line and patient-derived xenograft models, and delays tumor growth in a patient-derived RSPO fusion model of colorectal cancer. Implications: This article demonstrates the inhibition of a key oncogenic receptor, intractable tomAb inhibition due tomultiple independent ligand interaction sites, using an innovative dAb approach. Mol Cancer Res; 14(9); 859–68. 2016 AACR.
Examination of the influence of impact on tobacco consumption in Serbia

The subject of this paper is the econometric analysis of tobacco demand in Serbia. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of income and socio-economic and demographic characteristics of households on tobacco expenditure based on microdata from the 2019 Household Budget Survey conducted by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia according to the same methodology applied by the European Union Agency for Statistics. The influence of these factors was quantified on the basis of seven different functional forms of Engel curves, which are most often used in econometric empirical research. Based on the estimated parameters of the empirical specifications of Engel curves and the elasticity derived from them, the hypothesis of inelasticity of demand for tobacco products in relation to household income was tested. © 2020 EA. All rights reserved.
Genetic variability of agro-morphological traits in traditional varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) from Madhya Pradesh, India

An extensive collective of 261 farmers’ variety from tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh was done by the researches of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya to generate breeding material and broaden the gene pool of advanced genotypes. Varieties namely Biranjphool, Patharilal Teduha, Khurdy, Buddhu Dhan, Lalita Dhan, Khurdy, Batrolal, Ramesh Dhan, Bhuri Saiyri, Dhaniya Dhan, Dhanshingh Dhan, Kali Dhan, Sairi Chhote, Safed Dhan, Dihula Sidhi and Ishwarya Dhan were identified for earliness. Lalu Dhan, Rambhog, Nawari, Kali Dhan, Dhan Langa, Biranjiphod Janki, Dhan4, Chapti Gurmatiya, Banpur Dhan and Dihula Yagya are potential varieties for short stem length. Hulling and milling percentage was fairly good in farmers’ variety ranging from 72.09% (Dhan2) to 84.76% (Bhataphool) and 54% (Chhota Sathiya) to 78.65% (Asamkoti). But recovery of head rice was as poor as 27.35% (Rakeda Chhota).
Rehabilitation Games in Real-World Clinical Settings: Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities

Upper-limb impairments due to stroke can severely affect the quality of life in patients. Scientific evidence supports that repetitive rehabilitation exercises can improve motor ability in stroke patients. Rehabilitation games gained tremendous interest among researchers and clinicians because of their potential to make the seemingly mundane, enduring rehabilitation therapies more engaging. However, routine and longitudinal use of rehabilitation games in real-world clinical settings has not been investigated in depth. Particularly, we know little about current practices, challenges, and their potential impacts on therapeutic outcomes. To address this gap, we established a partnership with a rehabilitation hospital where game-assisted rehabilitation was routinely employed over a two-year period. We then conducted an observational study, in which we observed 11 game-assisted therapy sessions and interviewed 15 therapists who moderated the therapy. Significant findings include 1) different engagement patterns of stroke patients in game-assisted therapy, 2) imperative roles of therapists in moderating games and challenges that therapists face during game-assisted therapy, and 3) lack of support for therapists in delivering patient-centered, personalized therapy to individual stroke patients. Furthermore, we discuss design implications for more effective rehabilitation game therapies that take into consideration both patients and therapists and their specific needs.