Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Vacuum-Packaged Frankfurters / Vakum Uygulanarak Ambalajlanmış Sosislerin Mikrobiyolojik ve Kimyasal Özellikleri

ABSTRACT : The objective of this research was to determine chemical and microbiological properties of frankfurter samples obtained from retail market in Erzurum. Aerobic plate, lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus and Bacillus counts varied from <3.30 to 8.00 log CFU/g, <2.00 to 8.15 log CFU/g, <2.00 to 5.04 log CFU/g, <2.00 to 4.46 log CFU/g, respectively. Yeast - mould in 96.7 % of samples were <3.3 log CFU/g. Enterobacteriaceae and coliform group bacteria counts were also <1.00 log CFU/g in 93.3 % of the samples. None of the samples had L. monocytogenes and Salmonella. E. coli, Pseudomonas and C. perfringens counts were under detectable level in all samples. In addition, S. aureus numbers were below 3 MPN/g in 90.0 % of the samples. The moisture/protein ratio of samples ranged from 4.09 to 6.45 and pH values ranged from 4.26 to 6.61. The residual nitrite was detected in all samples with amounts lower than 30ppm. The hidroxyproline contents of samples were determined to be between 0.101 and 0.218 %. Keywords: Frankfurter, pathogen flora, chemical properties OZET : Arastirmanin amaci, Erzurum piyasasindan temin edilen sosis orneklerinin kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik ozelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Orneklerin aerobik bakteri, laktik asit bakteri, Enterococcus ve Bacillus sayilari sirasiyla <3.30 to 8.00 log CFU/g, <2.00 to 8.15 log CFU/g, <2.00 to 5.04 log CFU/g, <2.00 to 4.46 log CFU/g arasinda degismektedir. Orneklerin %96.7’sindeki maya-kuf sayisi <3.3 log CFU/g’dir. Ayrica orneklerin %93.3’unde Enterobacteriaceae ve koliform grubu bakteri sayilari <1.0 log CFU/g’dir. Orneklerden L. monocytogenes ve Salmonella izole edilememistir. Butun orneklerdeki E. coli, Pseudomonas ve C. perfringens sayilari ise saptanabilir seviyenin altindadir. S. aureus sayisi ise orneklerin%90’inda 3 MPN/g’in altindadir. Orneklerin nem/protein orani 4.09- 6.45 arasinda, pH degeri ise 4.26-6.61 arasinda degismektedir. Butun orneklerde kalinti nitrate miktari miktari 30 ppm’den daha azdir. Orneklerin hidroksiprolin iceriginin ise %0.101 ve %0.218 arasinda oldugu belirlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosis, Patojen Flora, Kimyasal Ozellikler
The unbearable uncertainty of Bayesian divergence time estimation

Divergence time estimation using molecular sequence data relying on uncertain fossil calibrations is an unconventional statistical estimation problem. As the sequence data provide information about the distances only, estimation of absolute times and rates has to rely on information in the prior, so that the model is only semi‐identifiable. In this paper, we use a combination of mathematical analysis, computer simulation, and real data analysis to examine the uncertainty in posterior time estimates when the amount of sequence data increases. The analysis extends the infinite‐sites theory of Yang and Rannala, which predicts the posterior distribution of divergence times and rate when the amount of data approaches infinity. We found that the posterior credibility interval in general decreases and reaches a non‐zero limit when the data size increases. However, for the node with the most precise fossil calibration (as measured by the interval width divided by the mid value), sequence data do not really make the time estimate any more precise. We propose a finite‐sites theory which predicts that the square of the posterior interval width approaches its infinite‐data limit at the rate 1/n, where n is the sequence length. We suggest a procedure to partition the uncertainty of posterior time estimates into that due to uncertainties in fossil calibrations and that due to sampling errors in the sequence data. We evaluate the impact of conflicting fossil calibrations on posterior time estimation and point out that narrow credibility intervals or overly precise time estimates can be produced by conflicting or erroneous fossil calibrations.
Cutting Edge: The PI3K p110δ Is Required for Down-Regulation of RAG Expression in Immature B Cells1

At the immature B cell stage the BCR signals the down-regulation of the RAG genes and Ig L chain (LC) allelic and isotype exclusion. The signaling pathway that regulates these events is poorly characterized. We demonstrate that immature B cells from mice deficient in the PI3K catalytic subunit p110δ fail to suppress RAG expression and inappropriately recombine κ and λ LC loci. In addition, in the presence of the autoantigen, clonal deletion and receptor editing still takes place, demonstrating that these processes are independent of p110δ. These results demonstrate a role for p110δ in the regulation of RAG gene expression and thereby LC allelic/isotype exclusion.
Uncovering genetic variation in cow fertility using simulation

Dairy cow fertility is currently measured using two traits: the proportion of cows mated within 21 days of the start of mating (PM21) and the proportion of cows that calve within 42 days of the start of calving (CR42). These traits indirectly measure a cow’s genetic propensity to return to a fertile state after calving. Both PM21 and CR42 have low heritability (0.05 and 0.03, respectively) and fertility is suspected to have much stronger genetic drivers than indicated by these lowly heritable components. The purpose of this study was to explore genetic and environmental factors that contribute to dairy cow fertility using a stochastic simulation model. The model traces the reproductive life of cows from birth until their second calving date using environmental and genetic variables to simulate fertility phenotypes. The model demonstrated that even when significant genetic variation was simulated in underlying fertility traits, this variation appears only weakly as genetic effects using the current fertility traits evaluated for genetic selection purposes. Potential alternative traits (e.g. gestation length, heifer puberty trait, strength of oestrus expression or post-partum anoestrous interval) were shown to have potential to add value when identifying sires whose daughters calve earlier in the season.
Robust multiprocessor scheduling of industrial-scale mechatronic control systems

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Biology and Exploitation of the Minke Whale

General Description and Identification. Distribution and Migration. Food and Feeding. Growth, Size and Age Determination. Identification of Populations. Natural Mortality. Reproduction. Exploitation of Minke Whales. Abundance and Status of Stocks. Epilogue. Index. c. 240 pp., 7x10, due December 1989, ISBN 0-8493-6069-2.
A Chlamydomonas Algal Bioassay for Detecting Growth Inhibitor Herbicides

The single-celled green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos was found to be well suited for detecting growth inhibitor activity of chemicals. Tests consisted of solubilizing technical grade compounds in 20-ml aliquots of a 1 × 105 cells/ml zoospore culture. Commercially available growth inhibitor herbicides significantly inhibited synchronous cell population increases within 48 h at concentrations ranging from 1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−7M. Examples of compounds that inhibited Chlamydomonas more than 50% were butylate (S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate) and diallate [S-(2,3-dichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate] at 1 × 10−4M, CDEC [2 chloroallyl diethyldithiocarbamate] and propham (isopropyl carbanilate) at 1 × 10−5M, alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] and trifluralin [α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine] at 1 × 10−6 M, and bifenox [methyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate] at 1 × 10−7M. Ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or acetone can be used to solubilize herbicides in the aqueous medium. DMSO and ethanol are not detrimental to the cells if the concentration is kept at 1% v/v or less.
Can sequential human embryo culture media be used in bovine in vitro embryo culture

The aim of the study was to investigate potential use of sequential human embryo culture media in culture of bovine embryos. Bovine oocytes were matured in Tissue Culture Medium-199 (TCM-199) for 22 h at 38.5°C and fertilized in modified Tyrode-Albumine-LactatePyruvate medium (mTALP). The putative zygotes were randomly allocated to two embryo culture media groups; (1) Synthetic Oviduct Fluid (SOF) supplemented with fatty-acid free bovine serum albumin (FAF-BSA) (8 mg/ml) and (2) sequential human embryo culture media [Quinn’s Advantage Medium-(QAM)] supplemented with FAF-BSA (8 mg/ml). Zygotes were cultured in SOF and sequential QAM for 9 days (5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2) at 38.5°C. Cleavage (73.3% and 72.2%), morula (37.6% and 33.2%) and blastocysts rates (23.9% and 22.9%) were similar among groups (P>0.05), but the total blastocyst cell number were significantly higher in blastocysts developed in SOF (101.6±4.0) than those in sequential QAM (87.4±3.2) (P<0.05). QAM may be suggested to use in culture as an alternative media in terms of supporting embryo development, but low cell number in blastocysts produced in QAM may suggest a possible low pregnancy rate.
The Factors of Residents’ Support for Sustainable Tourism Development

In this paper we examined the factors of residents’ support for sustainable tourism development in Mardin city-Turkey, in the context of gender as social structure. We found that people are sensitive about positive and negative effects of tourism, in association with society attachment and involvement, with bigger role for the later. And the perceptions of positive effects reduce their evaluation of the negative effects. Also we found that women are less active in transforming their attitude toward the effects of tourism to behavior toward sustainable tourism. But they are ready, more than men, to support sustainable tourism and ignore its negative effects, in spite of their higher sensitivity for the negative effects. So we recommend raising the role of local community and giving women more chances in the different levels of tourism activities.
Evidence-Based Practice: Promoting Evidence-Based Interventions in School Psychology

Abstract We present an overview of issues related to evidence-based practice and the role that the school psychology profession can play in developing and disseminating evidence-based interventions (EBIs). Historical problems relating to and the recurring debate about the integration of research into practice are presented as a context for the current challenges faced by those engaged in the EBI movement in psychology and education. Potential solutions to the problems posed by the adoption of EBIs in practice are presented within the context of the directions to be taken by the Task Force on Evidence-Based Interventions in School Psychology (Task Force). Five assumptions are presented that can guide the Task Force in addressing the integration of EBIs in practice. These assumptions are followed the Task Force for the promotion of EBIs in practice. The action plans are conceptualized as a shared responsibility of school psychology researchers, trainers, and practitioners. Future directions and implications for policy among groups with a common agenda for promoting EBIs are also presented.
Experimental evolution with bacteria in complex environments

Experiments with microbes are a powerful tool for addressing general questions in evolutionary ecology. Microbial evolution is also interesting in its own right, and often clinically relevant. I have used experimental evolution of bacteria (Pseudomonas spp.) in controlled laboratory environments to investigate the role of environmental heterogeneity in the evolution of phenotypic diversity. Some of my results provide insight on general processes, while others are specific to bacteria. (1) I have shown that variation in resource supply affects the evolution of niche breadth in complex environments containing a range of available resources, leading to a peak in phenotypic diversity at intermediate levels. (2) I have found that resource availability also affects selection against redundant phenotypic characters, which is strongest when resources are scarce. (3) Using experiments with bacteria and their protozoan predators, I have found that selection for predator resistance varies with resource supply during a model adaptive radiation. (4) I have looked at the role of periodic bottlenecks in population size in the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. My results highlight the importance of biochemical constraints specific to different resistance mutations. (5) Finally, I have shown that bacterial adaptation to novel carbon substrates affects different growth parameters simultaneously, and that the same response is seen in environments that maintain different levels of phenotypic diversity. These findings emphasize the role of environmental heterogeneity in the evolution of phenotypic diversity, but also show how ecological and genetic factors can constrain adaptation to a given niche within a heterogeneous environment.
Robust, flexible and efficient Sigma-Delta Modulation, using limit-cycle calibration and adaptive dynamic-range scaling

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Elucidation of ecosystem attributes of two Mackenzie great lakes with trophic network analysis

The Mackenzie Basin in northwestern Canada is a high-latitude region, with one of the largest watersheds in the world. The Mackenzie great lakes, consisting of Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake and Lake Athabasca form the large lake complex. The human presence in the area is small in terms of population and industry and thus these ecosystems remain comparatively pristine and show no major changes in the fish communities. Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE), the most important and most used ecosystem trophic network modelling tool to study the ecosystem-level responses to changes, and information available in the scientific literature together with traditional knowledge about Great Slave Lake and Great Bear Lake was used to elucidate the ecosystem attributes. Our models give a cohesive view of these two ecosystems that will allow researchers and decision makers to explore questions regarding the stability of fisheries and future ecological change. The moderate trophic level of fish catch along with the small percentage of primary production required to sustain fisheries in both lakes demonstrated that fisheries were sustainable during the time period modelled. The ecosystem indices and attributes of the comparatively pristine Mackenzie great lakes were compared with those of two Laurentian Great Lakes having similar types of Ecopath ecosystem models. The metrics utilized to assess comparatively the ecosystem's maturity, stability and health indicated a decline in ecosystem maturity and stability from pristine Great Bear Lake to transitioning Lake Ontario.
Thermal Ablation Modeling for Silicate Materials

A thermal ablation model for silicates is proposed. The model includes the mass losses through the balance between evaporation and condensation, and through the moving molten layer driven by surface shear force and pressure gradient. This model can be applied in ablation simulations of the meteoroid or glassy Thermal Protection Systems for spacecraft. Time-dependent axi-symmetric computations are performed by coupling the fluid dynamics code, Data-Parallel Line Relaxation program, with the material response code, Two-dimensional Implicit Thermal Ablation simulation program, to predict the mass lost rates and shape change. For model validation, the surface recession of fused amorphous quartz rod is computed, and the recession predictions reasonably agree with available data. The present parametric studies for two groups of meteoroid earth entry conditions indicate that the mass loss through moving molten layer is negligibly small for heat-flux conditions at around 1 MW/cm(exp. 2).
Adverse Effects of Influenza Vaccination among Healthcare Staff in Shiraz in 2014, Iran

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on the staff of a number of hospitals in Shiraz who received influenza vaccine in 1392. Instrument in this study was a researcher-developed questionnaire about common side effects that was collected up to 10 days after the vaccination. Incidence of side effects was reported with 95% confidence interval. The data were analyzed by chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and univariate logistic regression.
Isoenzimas como marcadores genéticos na identificação de nove linhagens de milho

Nove linhagens de milho sao identificadas empregando-se locos predeterminados atraves de padroes enzimaticos. As isoenzimas, produtos primarios de acao genica, sao visualizadas na tecnica da eletroforese, com substratos e corantes especiais. Os sistemas utilizados sao alcool desidrogenase, catalase, peroxidase, esterase e fosfatase acida. A presenca deste ou daquele alelo em determinado loco corresponde a banda observada, permitindo, desta forma, o conhecimento do genotipo da linhagem. Apenas quatro locos em esterase diferenciaram as nove linhagens.
Effects of colchicine and endotoxin on bovine mammary involution and natural resistance to infection during the dry period

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being p h oto ­ graphed the photographer has follow ed a definite m ethod in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner o f a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until com plete.
Relationship between line per se and cross performance under low nitrogen fertility in tropical maize (zea mays L.)

Improved maize yields cinder low nitrogen (N) fertility is desired for both low- input production systems and also for judicious application of fertilizer nitrogen for a sustainable and environment friendly production systems. A key question in breeding for tolerance to low-N fertility is to what extent the performance of maize hybrids can lie predicted on the basis of performance of their inbred lines under low-N supply. Past studies showed varied decree of correlalions between line and hybrid performance under low-N fertility, ranging from weak to fairly strong relationship. We attempted to examine the impact of low-N supply on relationship between morpho-physiological traits and grain yield measured on inbred parents, all advance generation lines and their single cross progenies. Reactions of various morpho-physiological traits, except days to anthesis (male flowering), shimmer significantly at low- and optimal level of N-fertilily. Superiority of hybrid progenies over parental lines declined tinder low-N stress, which indicates that hybrids were comparatively more affected than 10 lines clue to low-N supply. Data on individual contributions of heterosis and performance of mid-parent showed that per se performance of lines was relatively more important factor in >0 determining the hybrid performance tinder both tile levels ol N-supply Correlations between various secondary traits and grain yield cinder both low and optimal-N ferrilily wele moderate to strong in case of both parental lines and hybrids. 1 lowerve, it was comparatively stronger in case of hybrid progenies under low-N stress Correlations between morpho-physiological trails of lines and hybrids, except for ear rots, were fairly strong and significant under both the level of N supply. The relationship between grain yield of mid-parent and hybrids was comparatively stronger tinder low-N fertility. Our findings suggest that performance of hybrid progenies under low-N fertility can be predicted to some extent on the basis of advance generation elite inbred parents with proven performance across N-supply.
Aging and Feature Search: The Effect of Search Area

The preattentive system involves the rapid parallel processing of visual information in the visual scene so that attention can be directed to mean ingful objects and locations in the environment. This study used the feature search methodology to examine whether there are aging-related deficits in parallel-processing capabilities when older adults are required to visually search a large area of the visual field. Like young subjects, older subjects displayed flat, near-zero slopes for the Reaction Time 2 Set Size function when searching over a broad area (30 radius) of the visual field, implying parallel processing of the visual display. These same older subjects exhibited impairment in another task, also dependent on parallel processing, performed over the same broad field area; this task, called the useful field of view test, has more complex task demands. Results imply that aging-related breakdowns of parallel pro cessing over a large visual field area are not likely to emerge when required responses are simple, there is only one task to perform, and there is no limitation on visual inspection time.
Age Effect in Recall Performance According to the Levels of Processing, Elaboration, and Retrieval Cues

The present study was conducted to investigate the incidence of several factors contributing to age-related memory decrement. Variables manipulated include quality (level of processing encoding conditions), the degree of effort and encoding quantitative elaboration (active/passive encoding conditions), and the influence of retrieval support (free-/cued recall conditions). In support of the environmental support hypothesis, middle-old and old subjects benefited more than young ones from cued recall in all the memory tests. Moreover, the results showed a differential (qualitative vs. quantitative) impairment of conceptual processing between the middle-old and the old-age groups. In the middle-olds, age differences were abolished by deep processing in old adults, age differences were attentuated only with deep and active processing associated with retrieval support. These gradual memory impairments are evaluated according to Mandler's model of memory (1979, In L. G. Nilsson\[Ed.], Perspective in memory research. Hillsdale: Lawrence-Erlbaum), and the environmental support hypothesis is discussed in terms of the involvement of encoding and retrieval operations required by the memory task.