Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yes, One-Bit-Flip Matters! Universal DNN Model Inference Depletion with Runtime Code Fault Injection

We propose, FrameFlip, a novel attack for depleting DNN model inference with runtime code fault injections. Notably, FrameFlip operates independently of the DNN models deployed and succeeds with only a single bit-flip injection. This fundamentally distinguishes it from the existing DNN inference depletion paradigm that requires injecting tens of deterministic faults concurrently. Since our attack performs at the universal code or library level, the mandatory code snippet can be perversely called by all mainstream machine learning frameworks, such as PyTorch and TensorFlow, dependent on the library code. Using DRAM Rowhammer to facilitate end-to-end fault injection, we implement FrameFlip across diverse model architectures (LeNet, VGG-16, ResNet-34 and ResNet-50) with different datasets (FMNIST, CIFAR-10, GT-SRB, and ImageNet). With a single bit flipping, FrameFlip achieves high depletion efficacy that consistently renders the model inference utility as no better than guessing. We also experimentally verify that identified vulnerable bits are almost equally effective at depleting different deployed models. In contrast, transferability is unattainable for all existing state-of-the-art model inference depletion attacks. FrameFlip is shown to be evasive against all known defenses, generally due to the nature of current defenses operating at the model level (which is model-dependent) in lieu of the underlying code level.
Matheuristic Local Search for the Placement of Analog Integrated Circuits

The suboptimal physical design of the integrated circuits may not only increase the manufacturing costs due to the larger size of the chip but can also impact its performance by placing interconnected rectangular devices too far from each other. In the domain of Analog and Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits (AMS ICs), placement automation is lacking behind its digital counterpart, mainly due to the variety of components and complex constraints the placement needs to satisfy. Integer Linear Programming (ILP) is a suitable approach to modeling the placement problem for AMS ICs. However, not even state-of-the-art solvers can create high-quality placements for large problem instances. In this paper, we study how to improve the results of our previous ILP model, first by introducing additional constraints and second by using matheuristics. Given the initial solution we obtain using our original ILP model, we use the solver to perform a local search. We try to improve the criterion by considering only a few spatially close rectangles while keeping the rest of the placement fixed. This local search approach enables us to significantly improve the quality of instances whose solution space we could not sufficiently explore before, even when the computation time reserved for the matheuristic is limited. Finally, we evaluate our revised approach on synthetically generated instances containing more than 200 independent rectangles and on real-life problems.
A GPU-Based Transient Stability Simulation Using Runge-Kutta Integration Algorithm

Graphics processing units (GPU) have been investigated to release the computational capability in various scientific applications. Recent research shows that prudential consideration needs to be given to take the advantages of GPUs while avoiding the deficiency. In this paper, the impact of GPU acceleration to implicit integrators and explicit integrators in transient stability is investigated. It is illustrated that implicit integrators, although more numerical stable than explicit ones, are not suitable for GPU acceleration. As a tradeoff between numerical stability and efficiency, an explicit 4th order Runge-Kutta integration algorithm is implemented for transient stability simulation based on hybrid CPU-GPU architecture. The differential equations of dynamic components are evaluated in GPU, while the linear network equations are solved in CPU using sparse direct solver. Simulation on IEEE 22-bus power system with 6 generators is reported to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Word storms: multiples of word clouds for visual comparison of documents

Word clouds are popular for visualizing documents, but are not as useful for comparing documents, because identical words are not presented consistently across different clouds. We introduce the concept of word storms, a visualization tool for analyzing corpora of documents. A word storm is a group of word clouds, in which each cloud represents a single document, juxtaposed to allow the viewer to compare and contrast the documents. We present a novel algorithm that creates a coordinated word storm, in which words that appear in multiple documents are placed in the same location, using the same color and orientation, across clouds. This ensures that similar documents are represented by similar-looking word clouds, making them easier to compare and contrast visually. We evaluate the algorithm using an automatic evaluation based on document classification, and a user study. The results confirm that a coordinated word storm allows for better visual comparison of documents.
Preserving Private Knowledge in Frequent Pattern Mining

The knowledge discovered by data mining may contain sensitive information, which may cause potential threats towards privacy and security. In this paper, we address the problem of better preserving private knowledge by proposing an Item-based Pattern Sanitization to prevent the disclosure of private patterns. We also present two strategies to generate a safe and shareable pattern set for preserving private knowledge in frequent pattern mining
Hierarchical composable optimization of web pages

The process of creating modern Web media experiences is challenged by the need to adapt the content and presentation choices to dynamic real-time fluctuations of user interest across multiple audiences. We introduce FAME -- a Framework for Agile Media Experiences -- which addresses this scalability problem. FAME allows media creators to define abstract page models that are subsequently transformed into real experiences through algorithmic experimentation. FAME's page models are hierarchically composed of simple building blocks, mirroring the structure of most Web pages. They are resolved into concrete page instances by pluggable algorithms which optimize the pages for specific business goals. Our framework allows retrieving dynamic content from multiple sources, defining the experimentation's degrees of freedom, and constraining the algorithmic choices. It offers an effective separation of concerns in the media creation process, enabling multiple stakeholders with profoundly different skills to apply their crafts and perform their duties independently, composing and reusing each other's work in modular ways.
A soil column model for predicting the interaction between water table and evapotranspiration

Lateral waterfluxes are not realistically taken into account in soil column models, although they influence the dynamic evolution of the vertical soil moisture profile. By neglecting these fluxes, the modeling of the soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere continuum is incomplete, and the feedbacks between these three compartments cannot be fully simulated. These fluxes have an importance in the different fields where soil column models are used: hydrology, hydrometeorology, biogeochemical cycles, ecology, and soil weathering. This paper introduces a novel Hydrological Hillslope‐based Soil Column model (H2SC) that simulates the temporal evolution of the water table depth and evapotranspiration fluxes and their interaction. The interconnected processes are infiltration, evapotranspiration, vertical soil water movements, and the nonexplicitly modeled lateral fluxes flowing through the soil column. These lateral fluxes are modeled as a drainage function built from physically based equations that describe a simplified hillslope hydrology. This drainage function can be easily implemented in any soil column model without penalizing computational times. The H2SC model was validated on numerical experiments where a 2‐D hillslope simulation performed with an integrated hydrologic model was compared with simulations using the H2SC 1‐D model. Each of the H2SC simulations represents a specific location of a soil column along the hillslope. Different climate forcings, soil properties, and geometric shapes of the hillslope were tested. The model was then applied at the locations of two piezometers in the Strengbach catchment, France. The model reproduced the temporal evolution of the water table level fairly well for both the numerical experiments and for the real test case.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia–hypercapnia blunts heart rate responses and alters neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons

Chronic intermittent hypoxia–hypercapnia (CIHH) in adult rats evoked hypertension and blunted the heart rate responses to acute hypoxia–hypercapnia (H–H). CIHH induced an increase in spontaneous inhibitory and decreased excitatory neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons. CIHH completely abolished acute H–H evoked inhibition of GABAergic while facilitating glycinergic neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons of nucleus ambiguus. These changes with CIHH inhibit cardiac vagal neurons to result in diminished cardioprotective vagal activity to the heart, characteristic of obstructive sleep apnoea.
of anomalies in microphone array measurements of trailing edge noise by

: When assessing the intelligibility of speech embedded in background noise, maskers with a harmonic spectral structure have been found to be much less detrimental to performance than noise-based interferers. While spectral “glimpsing” in between the resolved masker harmonics and reduced envelope modulations of harmonic maskers have been shown to contribute, this effect has primarily been attributed to the proposed ability of the auditory system to cancel harmonic maskers from the signal mixture. Here, speech intelligibility in the presence of harmonic and inharmonic maskers with similar spectral glimpsing opportunities and envelope modulation spectra was assessed to test the theory of harmonic cancellation. Speech reception thresholds obtained from normal-hearing listeners revealed no effect of masker harmonicity, neither for maskers with static nor dynamic pitch contours. The results show that harmonicity, or time-domain periodicity, as such, does not aid the segregation of speech and masker. Contrary to what might be assumed, this also implies that the saliency of the masker pitch did not affect auditory grouping. Instead, the current data suggest that the reduced masking effectiveness of harmonic sounds is due to the regular spacing of their spectral components. V C 2023 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0017065
Influence of weeks of circadian misalignment on leptin levels

The neurobiology of circadian, wakefulness-sleep, and feeding systems interact to influence energy homeostasis. Sleep and circadian disruptions are reported to be associated with increased risk of diabetes and obesity, yet the roles of energy balance hormones in these associations are largely unknown. Therefore, in the current study we aimed to assess the influence of several weeks of circadian misalignment (sleep and wakefulness occurring at an inappropriate biological time) on the anorexigenic adipocyte hormone leptin. We utilized data from a previous study designed to assess physiological and cognitive consequences of changes in day length and light exposure as may occur during space fight, including exploration class space missions and exposure to the Martian Sol (day length). We hypothesized that circadian misalignment during an exploration class spaceflight simulation would reduce leptin levels. Following a three-week ~8 hours per night home sleep schedule, 14 healthy participants lived in the laboratory for more than one month. After baseline data collection, participants were scheduled to either 24.0 or 24.6 hours of wakefulness-sleep schedules for 25 days. Changes in the phase of the circadian melatonin rhythm, sleep, and leptin levels were assessed. Half of participants analyzed exhibited circadian misalignment with an average change in phase angle from baseline of ~4 hours and these participants showed reduced leptin levels, sleep latency, stage 2 and total sleep time (7.3 to 6.6 hours) and increased wakefulness after sleep onset (all P< 0.05). The control group remained synchronized and showed significant increases in sleep latency and leptin levels. Our findings indicate that weeks of circadian misalignment, such as that which occurs in circadian sleep disorders, alters leptin levels and therefore may have implications for appetite and energy balance.
A FOREST SIMULATION MODEL FOR PREDICTING EUCALYPT DYNAMICS AND HABITAT QUALITY FOR ARBOREAL MARSUPIALS

A forest simulation model (called EDEN) of eucalypt dynamics in southeastern Australia is presented to predict habitat quality for arboreal marsupials. The model is presented as a tool for testing alternative hypotheses of forest management in the study area, EDEN uses a forest gap simulation (IABOWA/FORET type) model as a pattern generator of habitat in different landscape positions and under different harvesting regimes and predicts the habitat quality of this habitat for arboreal marsupials, Application of the model is illustrated by simulating four environmental scenarios (gullies and ridges, at low and at high soil nutrient levels) and three harvesting regimes for each environmental scenario (no harvesting, low-intensity harvesting, and high-intensity harvesting), The changes in tree species composition and diversity and the changes in habitat quality for the arboreal marsupials are presented for the 12 scenarios. The predicted vegetation composition is different in the different environmental scenarios and agrees with empirical studies, suggesting that EDEN is a useful pattern generator in the study area, The simulation results suggest that there may be a harvesting level for which the habitat quality is not significatively reduced, but this will depend on the landscape position. The decline in habitat quality with increasing harvesting is stronger on ridges than in gullies,
Floating-Point L 2 -Approximations

: Computing good polynomial approximations to usual functions is an important topic for the computer evaluation of those functions. These approximations can be good under several criteria, the most desirable being probably that the relative error is as small as possible in the L 1 sense, i.e. everywhere on the interval under study. In the present paper, we investigate a simpler criterion, the L 2 case. Though ﬁnding a best polynomial L 2 -approximation with real coefﬁcients is quite easy, we show that if the coefﬁcients are restricted to be ﬂoating point numbers to some precision, the problem becomes a general instance of the CVP problem, and hence is NP-hard. We investigate the practical behaviour of exact and approximate algorithms for this problem. The conclusion is that it is possible in a short amount of time to obtain a relative or absolute best L 2 -approximation. The main applications are for large dimension, as a preliminary step of ﬁnding L 1 -approximations and for functions with large variations, for which relative best approximation is by far more interesting than absolute.
Molecular Profiling of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Clinical Samples

The present study on molecular profiling was conducted at molecular level to differentiate the bacterial pathogens. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from five different clinical samples and were grouped as SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4 and SA5. They are confirmed as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus based on their biochemical characterization. The molecular weight of plasmid DNA of the entire isolated sample was 19kb whereas the molecular weight 2400 Kb was observed in chromosomal DNA for the isolates. The genetic diversity of the isolates was also checked by restriction digestion analysis with Bam HI, Eco RI and Hind III. The enzyme Hind III with their recognition sequence 5'- AGCTT-3'digests the chromosomal and Plasmid DNA. In addition, the isolated strains were tested for their antibiotic suceptibilty patterns against amphicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, erythromycin and methicillin. The strains were highly resistant to methicillin and susceptible to other tested antibiotics.
A virtual electrical drive control laboratory: Neuro‐fuzzy control of induction motors

Neural and fuzzy courses are widely offered at graduate and undergraduate level due to the successful applications of neural and fuzzy control to nonlinear and unmodeled dynamic systems, including electrical drives. However, teaching students a neuro‐fuzzy controlled electrical drive in a laboratory environment is often difficult for schools with limited access to expensive equipment facilities. Therefore, computer simulations and dedicated software are needed to assist the students in visualizing the concepts and to provide graphical feedback during the learning process. In this article, an educational software is proposed for the neuro‐fuzzy control of induction machine drives. The tool helps students learn the application of neuro‐fuzzy control of electrical drives. The software has a flexible structure and graphical user interface. The neuro‐fuzzy architecture, the motor and load parameters can be easily changed in the developed software. Neuro‐fuzzy control performance of induction motors can be monitored graphically for various control structures and current controllers Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 211–221, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20082
High local unemployment and increased mortality in Danish adults; results from a prospective multilevel study

Aims: To examine the relation between unemployment rates in area of residence and all-cause mortality, taking the individuals’ unemployment experience and a number of social and behavioural factors into account. Methods: Prospective cohort study with record linkage to mortality and unemployment registers. Data were pooled data from two population studies conducted in Copenhagen, Denmark. The association between unemployment at parish level and mortality was examined in Cox proportional hazard analysis. A total of 15 980 men and women, aged 20–67 years and employed at 1 January 1980, were studied. All-cause mortality was followed from January 1981 to December 1998. Results: The unemployment rate in the area of residence was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratiohighest v lowest quartile 1.35:0.14–1.60) even after adjustment for individuals’ unemployment experience in 1980, which was also a risk factor (hazard ratioyes/no 1.38:1.16–1.64). These estimates attenuated somewhat when other social and behavioural covariates were taken into account. The effects were similar in men and women, but the influence of individuals’ unemployment experience during one and five years decreased gradually with increasing age. Conclusion: This prospective study suggests that high local unemployment and individuals’ experience of unemployment increase mortality risk, even after adjustment for other social and behavioural factors.
Review of Metasurfaces with Extraordinary Flat Optic Functionalities

This paper presents a comprehensive review of metasurface technology, focusing on its significant role in extraordinary flat optic functionalities. Traditional optical components, though optimized, are bulky and less congruent with modern integrated electromagnetic and photonic systems. Metasurfaces, recognized as the 2D counterparts of bulk metamaterials, offer solutions with their planar, ultra-thin, and lightweight structures. Their meta-atoms are adept at introducing abrupt shifts in optical properties, paving the way for high-precision light manipulation. By introducing the key design principles of these meta-atoms, such as the magnetic dipole and Pancharatnam–Berry phase, various applications in wave-front shaping and beam forming with simple amplitude/phase manipulation and advanced applications including retroreflectors, Janus metasurfaces, multiplexing of optical wavefronts, data encryption, and metasurfaces for quantum applications are reviewed
P ROCEEDINGS OF THE 28 TH M INISYMPOSIUM

—Facial microexpressions are instantaneous features signaling various details regarding the emotional and mental state of human beings. A key property of such features is that their interpretation as signals is the same or closely similar for all people. Currently, their detection requires a human expert. The automation of this task would allow a more widespread use. In this paper, we propose a hybrid solution, which is based on a framework of landmark points identiﬁed by a machine learning-based method. Upon this, we designed an expert system which utilizes image processing and signal processing algorithms such as homomorphic ﬁltering, RANSAC parabola ﬁtting, Hessian based shape analysis and change detection in order to identify microexpression features such as gaze detection and eyebrow raising. We evaluate these algorithms in real videos and pictures, and examine their applicability in practical scenarios. Our long-term goal is to detect complex facial expressions and emotions with the help of the detected microexpressions.
HEPATOPANCREATICOBILIARY SURGERY Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: personal experiences in a series of 1330 consecutive cases in China

Background: Liver resection to treat early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is widely practised but surgery for intermediate and advanced stages of HCC is not included in the treatment algorithm of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, which has been adopted in official guidelines; nevertheless, resection beyond early stages is frequently undertaken and documented. Methods: Between January 2001 and December 2014, all the HCC patients who underwent liver resection for the first time by Dr Yiqun Yan and his surgical team were enrolled. Clinical data were prospectively collected as well as the follow-up results. Results: A total of 1330 consecutive patients were included in the study, of which 452 (34.0%) suffered complications after liver resection with a mortality of 0.7%. The overall survival rates at 1-, 3and 5-year were 91.2, 63.3 and 36.9%, respectively, while the diseasefree survival rates at 1-, 3and 5-year were 67.7, 33.7 and 13.8%, respectively. Cases were classified into Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A (548 patients, 41.2%), stage B (613 patients, 46.1%) and stage C (169 patients, 12.7%). The overall survival time at 5-year were 49.8, 32.8 and 10.6%, respectively, in patients with stage A, B and C tumours. Conclusion: Liver resection to treat HCC is safe in patients with preserved liver function and good functional status. Liver resection should be the first line therapy in patients with single (regardless of tumour size) and resectable 2–3 tumours as well as vascular tumour thrombus if the tumour thrombus does not invade the major trunks.