Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of different crops productivity enhancement through adaptation of crop varieties at charland in Bangladesh

Charland that are emerged as islands within the river channel or as attached land to the riverbanks as a result of erosion and accretion. In crop production systems, screening of adaptable crop varieties for charland is necessary to address the climate change issues. Hence, five separate experiments were conducted at charland of the Padma River in Kushtia district during November 2012 to May 2013 to select suitable varieties of lentil, hybrid maize, soybean, potato and mustard for increasing crop productivity. The experiment comprised of four lentil varieties viz. BARI Masur-4, BARI Masur-5, BARI Masur-6 and a local cultivar; four hybrid maize varieties namely BARI Hybrid maize-5, BARI Hybrid maize-7, BARI Hybrid maize-9 and Pacific-11; three soybean varieties like BARI Soybean-5, BARI Soybean-6 and Shohag; four potato varieties viz., BARI Alu-7, BARI Alu-8, BARI Alu-31 and Belgium; and five mustard varieties viz., BARI Sarisha-11, BARI Sarisha-13, BARI Sarisha-14, BARI Sarisha-15 and BARI Sarisha-16 were evaluated separately in five trials for their adaptation in charland. Among the studied crops, lentil var. BARI Masur-6, maize var. BARI Hybrid maize-9, soybean var. BARI Soybean-6, potato var. BARI Alu-7 and mustard var. BARI Sarisha-11performed better in the charland under climate change situation in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(4): 629-640, December 2015
Efficiency of judicial systems: model definition and output estimation

ABSTRACT Focusing on the Italian judicial system as our case study, we use Data Envelopment Analysis to estimate technical efficiency scores and reference values for policy makers. In detail, this work presents a comparative analysis of different model definitions to identify the most appropriate one, emphasizing the key role of case matters in this production process. According to our results, the North of Italy emerges as more efficient than the other Italian macro areas, although the gap significantly decreases when case matters are considered in the output estimation. Concerning the collected reference values, which might be adopted by policy makers to reform the judicial system, we can observe significant differences able to affect the reorganization of courts. Taking the proposed case study into account, it seems that improvements in court performance could be achieved by reforming civil procedures, which are the technologies applied by judges in their production process.
Utilization Of Prevention Of Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv Services Among Expecting Mothers At The Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria

Background: The utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services stands firm against the spread of the virus to babies. On this hint, this study examined utilization prevention of motherto-child transmission of HIV services among expecting mothers at the Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Zamfara State. Three hypotheses are tested in this study. Materials and methods:The cross-sectional type of descriptive research design was used in this study.The sample size was 64 participants. Researchers’ self-constructed questionnaire with two sections was used to collect information at a four-point Likert-Scale.After the validation of the instrument for the data collection, 0.74 reliability coefficient was obtained, using the split-half method of reliability. The frequency counts, percentage,Chi-square, t-Test and ANOVA are used to analyze the data.All hypotheses are tested at 0.05 level of significance. Results:Expecting mothers significantly utilized the preventionof mother-to-child transmission of HIV services at the FMC, Gusau Zamfara State (p = .003< 0.05). There is a significant age difference in the utilization of PMTCT of HIV services (p = .004< 0.05). However, there is no significant difference in the utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services among expecting mothers at the FMC, Gusau Zamfara State based on their level of education (P = .837> 0.05). Conclusion:It is concluded that the expecting mothers significantly utilized the available PMTCTservices, recommending among others that the subjects should maintain their level of utilization PMTCTof HIV services.
Stability, abundance, and niche width in the beetle community inhabiting cow dung

The relative frequency of different species in two extensive sets of data, collected for 2-3 yr at two localities in southern Finland, was examined to assess the numerical stability in the community structure. Carnivores and coprophages were equally stable, but dung specialist coprophages were more unstable than microhabitat generalist coprophages. Low abundance, instability and specialization (i.e. narrow niche) were all positively correlated with each other; the strongest correlation in the coprophages was that between abundance and stability, whilst in the carnivores it was between abundance and niche width. The idea that niche width is a result of opposing forces of intraand interspecific competition is supported by the results. On the assumption that total niche overlap is correlated with diffuse competition, an increase in interspecific competition seems to decrease abundance in the coprophages, whilst in the carnivores just the opposite was indicated. It is pointed out that in Aphodius species, which are dung specialists, species turn-over in geographical scale (gamma diversity) is much greater than in microhabitat generalist Cercyon species.
Record-Keeping and Cooperation in Large Societies

We introduce a new model of repeated games in large populations with random matching, overlapping generations, and limited records of past play. We prove that steady-state equilibria exist under general conditions on records. When the updating of a player’s record can depend on the actions of both players in a match, any strictly individually rational action can be supported in a steady-state equilibrium. When record updates can depend only on a player’s own actions, fewer actions can be supported. Here, we focus on the prisoner’s dilemma and restrict attention to strict equilibria that are coordination-proof, meaning that matched partners never play a Pareto-dominated Nash equilibrium in the one-shot game induced by their records and expected continuation payoffs. Such equilibria can support full cooperation if the stage game is either “strictly supermodular and mild” or “strongly supermodular,” and otherwise permit no cooperation at all. The presence of “supercooperator” records, where a player cooperates against any opponent, is crucial for supporting any cooperation when the stage game is “severe. ”
Clinical and aetiological aspects of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy

The aims of this retrospective and population‐based study were to describe the frequency and characteristics of epilepsy in 146 children (82 males and 64 females) with cerebral palsy (CP) born from 1987 to 1994 in the Göteborg area of Sweden. The frequency of epilepsy was found to be 38% (55 children). All children with tetraplegic CP and about one‐third of the children with other CP types developed epilepsy. Age at onset of epilepsy varied with type of CP: children with tetraplegic CP tended to have an earlier onset of epilepsy than children with other CP types. Partial seizures were the most common seizure type; all children with hemiplegic CP had partial seizures. Children with cognitive impairment had a higher frequency of epilepsy than those without cognitive impairment. CP aetiology may predict the development and outcome of epilepsy, as children with CP caused by CNS malformation, CNS infection, and grey matter damage all showed a higher frequency of epilepsy than children with CP of other aetiology, and also had less chance of becoming seizure‐free.
METHYLATED AMINE-UTILISING BACTERIAAND MICROBIAL NITROGEN CYCLINGIN MOVILE CAVE

Movile Cave is an unusual, isolated ecosystem which harbours a complex population of microorganisms, fungi and endemic invertebrates. In the absence of light and with no fixed carbon entering the cave, life is sustained by non-phototrophic microorganisms such as sulfur and methane oxidisers. Also present are methylotrophs that use one-carbon compounds such as methanol and methylated amines as their sole source of carbon and energy. Produced during putrefaction, methylated amines are likely to be major degradation products in Movile Cave. Further to being methylotrophic substrates, they are also a nitrogen source for many non-methylotrophic bacteria. The role of methylated amines as carbon and nitrogen sources for Movile Cave bacteria was investigated using a combination of DNA stable isotope probing and cultivation studies. Both, well-characterised and novel methylotrophs were identified: Methylotenera mobilis dominated 13C-monomethylamine SIP enrichments, while members of Catellibacterium, Cupriavidus and Altererythrobacter were also active. Cultivation studies consolidated SIP results in obtaining the first methylotrophic isolates from the genera Catellibacterium and Mesorhizobium. Pathways for monomethylamine (MMA) metabolism were investigated using new PCR primers designed to target gmaS, the gene for gammaglutamylmethylamide synthetase, a key enzyme of the recently characterised indirect MMA oxidation pathway. This pathway is also present in bacteria that use MMA only as a nitrogen source, while the well-characterised, direct MMA oxidation pathway involving methylamine dehydrogenase (mauA) is found only in methylotrophs. gmaS was present in all MMAutilising isolates, while mauA was found only in some methylotrophs, suggesting the indirect pathway is the major mode of MMA oxidation both in methylotrophs and non-methylotrophs from Movile Cave. Preliminary gmaS surveys revealed a high diversity of gmaS-containing bacteria. The roles of N2 fixers and nitrifiers were also investigated. Both bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidisers were found to be active; however, sulfur oxidisers appeared to be the dominant autotrophs in Movile Cave.
Inter-host transfer and survival of Varroa jacobsoni under simulated and natural winter conditions

SUMMARYVarroa jacobsoni transferred between living bees and from dead and dying bees on to living bees under both natural and laboratory-simulated winter cluster temperatures. In trials involving 261 bees and 161 mites, 26% of the mites moved from one live host to another within 7 days. When an infested bee was dead or dying, up to 75% of the mites would transfer to a live bee within 24 h. When their host died, mites would remain on the dead bee, provided an alternative bee was not available, for an average of 48 ± 26.5 h before dismounting. During this time they continued to feed and exhibited behaviour which would enhance their chances of transfer to a new host. These results question previous suggestions that V. jacobsoni seldom moves between hosts during overwintering and that the majority of them would inevitably die with their host. This has important consequences for models of varroa population dynamics and implications for the transmission of pathogens between bees by the mites.
Vibroacoustics of panels subjected to turbulent boundary layer excitation with pressure gradients

Current research advancement in aircraft engine technology with significant noise reduction at the source (i.e. engine) has created renewed interest in turbulent boundary layer (TBL) generated cabin noise in aircraft. The recent studies using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel tests are focused on getting the reliable spectra of TBL excitation in areas of aircraft with favorable pressure gradient (FPG) and adverse pressure gradient (APG), respectively. The aim of this paper is to increase the understanding of TBL excitation with adverse pressure gradients and quantify their impact on sound radiation from aircraft stiffened panels subjected to TBL excitation with such pressure gradients. Based on literature review, it is found that most of the developed models for TBL auto-spectra under pressure gradients fit quite well to the wind tunnel tests which are used to develop these models. However, recently proposed Rozenberg model seems to perform well when compared to different set of data obtained either by wind tunnel tests or obtained through numerical simulations using CFD. Therefore, this Rozenberg model is used to perform vibroacoustic studies addressed in this paper. For a reference case, Goody’s TBL model for zero pressure gradients is also discussed.
The Role of Monetary Policy in Exchange Rate Determination in Ghana

Exchange rate behaviour is one topical issue that generates great controversy and debate among economists and policy analysts in Ghana. This study seeks to explore the long run relationship between narrow money supply (M2) and Ghana Cedi US Dollar exchange rate. Applying Engle-Granger co-integration technique on annual data spanning thirty two (32) years, the study has revealed that there is no systematic equilibrium relationship between the Cedi-Dollar exchange rate and narrow money supply of Ghana. In other words, the available data does not support the view that the depreciation of the Ghanaian currency is attributable to the rise in domestic money supply. It is suggested that the cause of the continuous fall in the international value of the Ghanaian Cedi is sought elsewhere. We also suggest that the persistent trade deficit over the years should be looked at closely as a plausible cause of the woes of the Ghanaian Cedi.
Challenges in Prevention of Hypertensive Disordersof Pregnancy and Their Sequelae

Results: Etiology of HDsP is not yet fully understood, though literature indicates up regulation of inflammatory mediators produced by placenta. Many risk factors have been associated but many women do not have any obvious risk factor. Occurrence of HDsP one pregnancy does not predict HDsP in subsequent pregnancy but very preterm gestation at HDsP is associated with higher probability of HDsP in subsequent pregnancy. HDsP associated mortality is much higher in low income settings compared to high income. Quest for biomarkers for prediction continues. Various preventive mortalities are being tried.
ROLE OF ASSISTED POLLINATION IN FRUIT SHAPE OF PURPLE PASSION FRUIT (PASSIFLORA EDULIS SIMS.)

Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis sims.) or commercially recognized as Markisa among Malaysian is a vine species crop that can thrive well under hot and temperate climate region. In fruit industries, passion fruit is considered as one of tropical fruit that is traded globally among ASEAN, China, America and European countries. In Malaysia, the total passion fruit production in 2012-2017 was 579.6 MT. The flower of passion fruit possesses unique hermaphrodite feature with big and sticky pollens that causes low rate of pollination and fruit set. As part of an effort to increase the fruit production, it is fundamentally important to study the effect of assisted pollination. The present study examined the effect of assisted pollination (AP) and natural pollination (NP) in improving the percentage (%) of fruit formation as well as its growth and development characteristic. Length and diameter of fruit were measured to reflect the fruit size and shape. Final fruit size was significantly (p>0.05) influenced by pollination treatments. Bigger fruit was obtained by application of AP since it has resulted in length and diameter increment of 73.3 and 45.9%, respectively whereas NP resulted in only 29.2 and 37.7% in length and diameter, respectively. The final fruit shape obtained by AP was oblate spheroid while NP was spheroid. Overall, the study concluded that AP was not merely important to improve the fruit formation but vital for improving the size and shape of fruits.
Learning modals: A grammatical perspective

Funding information Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, Grant/Award Number: BCS‐1551628 Abstract In this study, we address the mapping problem for modal words: how do children learn the form‐to‐ meaning mappings for words like could or have to in their input languages? Learning modal words poses considerable challenges as their meanings are conceptually complex and the way these meanings are mapped to grammatical forms and structures is likewise complex and cross‐linguistically variable. Against a backdrop of how cross‐linguistic modal systems can vary, we focus on new work highlighting the developmental roles of the following: (a) syntactic categories of modal words, (b) interrelationships between modal ‘force’ (possibility and necessity) and ‘flavour’ (root and epistemic), (c) semantic representations for modal forms and (d) children's own emerging modal systems, as a whole, which show that the way they map forms to the ‘modal meaning space’ (considering both force and flavour dimensions) diverges from how adults do, even if the same forms are present. Modality provides a rich natural laboratory for exploring the interrelationships between our conceptual world of possibilities, how concepts get packaged by the syntax–semantics of grammatical systems, and how child learners surmount these form‐meaning mapping challenges.
Stem Histopathology of Sesame Seedlings Infected with Alternaria alternata

In the present study, histopathology of three varieties of sesame TS 3, TS 5 and SG 27 infected with Alternaria alternata was carried out to understand the mechanism of fungal infection and penetration in sesame plant as well as to determine the histological manifestation in sesame cells by light microscopy. Fungus was identified in infected tissues as a dark bluish black with toluidine blue O staining. Light microscopic examination of sesame stem showed that the fungus was present in epidermis, hypodermis and cortical parenchyma tissue as the symptoms became visible by naked eye ten days after inoculation (DAI). As the disease progress, the fungus moved from cortical parenchyma to vascular bundle, xylem and phloem. Later on, it completely overlapped the vascular bundle and entered in pith. When necrotic lesion appeared, fungus was present abundantly in epidermis, hypodermis, cortical parenchyma, vascular bundles and in pith. Due to its excessive growth and complete overlapping of cells, disorganization or destruction of cells of sesame took place. It was concluded that the Alternaria alternata was not a tissue limited pathogen instead of this it spread in to all tissues of stem from epidermis to pith.
Neural Network-based Artifact Detection in Local Field Potentials Recorded from Chronically Implanted Neural Probes

The neural recordings known as Local Field Potentials (LFPs) provide important information on how neural circuits operate and relate. Due to the involvement of complex electronic apparatuses in the recording setups, these signals are often significantly contaminated by artifacts generated by a number of internal and external sources. To make the best use of these signals, it is imperative to detect and remove the artifacts from these signals. Hence, this work proposes a pattern recognition neural network based single-channel automatic artifact detection tool. The tool is capable of detecting the artifacts with an 93.2% of overall accuracy and requires an average computing time of 2.57 seconds to analyse LFPs of one minute duration, making it a strong candidate for online deployment without the need for employing high performance computing equipment.
TOP-DOWN CONTROL OF PHYTOPLANKTON BY ZOOPLANKTON IN TROPICAL RESERVOIRS IN SINGAPORE?

The potential for top-down control of phytoplankton populations by zooplankton in tropical lentic systems was examined in 12 shallow reservoirs using a 15 year data set. Regression analyses showed that calanoid, cyclopoid, and rotifer, but not cladoceran, abundances were important in infl uencing the structure of phytoplankton communities. Counts of chlorophytes Ankistrodesmus, Cosmarium and Peridinium decreased with increasing calanoid, cyclopoid and rotifi er numbers while populations of the diatoms Melosira and Synedra, Planktotrix and Scenedesmus were inversely correlated with the abundance of calanoid copepods. Cyanobacteria populations, with the exception of Planktotrix, were not negatively affected by increasing zooplankton numbers. This study supports the hypothesis that zooplankton exert 'top-down' control on certain algal communities in tropical lentic systems, however, the use of broad taxonomic groups (calanoids, cyclopoids, cladocerans, and rotifers) potentially masks information on how specifi c zooplankton exert control on phytoplankton communities. We suggest that a greater taxonomic resolution of the zooplankton fauna is necessary to further understand the complex associations between phytoplankton and zooplankton communities within tropical reservoirs. Nevertheless, even at this coarse scale of investigation, this paper presents clear trends that support the importance of zooplankton in the control of freshwater algal abundance.
Value cocreation in new service development: a process-based view of resource dependency

Purpose This study aims to examine value cocreation in terms of interfirm collaborations between service firms, their business customers and business partners at different stages of a new service development (NSD) process. Design/methodology/approach The study develops and tests hypotheses that examine the roles played by business customers and partners in NSD, assuming resource dependency of the focal firm during three NSD stages (ideation, development and deployment). Empirical data were collected from 200 NSD projects and structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results show that business customer collaboration has a positive effect on ideation performance and development performance, whereas business partner collaboration has a positive effect on deployment performance. These finding support the notion that the value cocreating roles of business customers and partners vary across NSD stages. Research limitations/implications Future research should focus on how business partners can be actively involved in the NSD process and how the interests of different parties can be safeguarded. The use of longitudinal data will allow a better examination of the process dynamics. Practical implications The study provides managerial implications for service managers in terms of acquiring and allocating resources needed from business customers and partners during different NSD stages. Originality/value The study contributes to the growing literature on value cocreation in NSD by empirically demonstrating the respective performance contributions of business customers and partners during different stages of NSD. Moreover, the results also shed light on interfirm collaboration mechanisms from the perspective of resource dependence theory.
Prevalence of Bilateral Agenesis of Mandibular Second Premolars andMaxillary Lateral Incisors- A Retrospective Study

Background/Purpose: Agenesis is an anomaly where the tooth germ fails to differentiate completely into dental tissues resulting in congenitally missing teeth. It is found to be the most common dental anomaly affecting at least 25% of the population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bilateral agenesis of mandibular second premolars and maxillary lateral incisors in patients visiting a dental college in United Arab Emirates.