Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Harmonic Analysis of a Fractional-Order Zeta Converter

The Zeta converter is an essential and widely used high-order converter. The current modeling studies on Zeta converters are based on the model that devices, such as capacitors and inductors, are of integer order. For this reason, this paper takes the Zeta converter as the research object and conducts an in-depth study on its fractional-order modeling. However, the existing modeling and analysis methods have high computational complexity, the analytical solutions of system variables are tedious, and it is difficult to describe the ripple changes of state variables. This paper combines the principle of harmonic balance with the equivalent small parameter method (ESPM); the approximate analytic steady-state solution of the state variable can be obtained in only three iterative steps in the whole solving process. The DC components and ripples of the state variables obtained by the proposed method were compared with those obtained by the Oustaloup’s filter-based approximation method; the symbolic period results obtained by ESPM had sufficient precision because they included more combinations of higher harmonics. Finally, the influence of fractional order on harmonics were analyzed. The obtained results show that the proposed method has the advantage of being less computational and easily describing changes in the ripple of the state variables. The simulation results are provided for validity of the theoretical analysis.
Molecular analysis of the 14-3-3 genes in Panax ginseng and their responses to heat stress

Background Panax Ginseng is a perennial and semi-shady herb with tremendous medicinal value. Due to its unique botanical characteristics, ginseng is vulnerable to various abiotic factors during its growth and development, especially in high temperatures. Proteins encoded by 14-3-3 genes form a highly conserved protein family that widely exists in eukaryotes. The 14-3-3 family regulates the vital movement of cells and plays an essential role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses, including high temperatures. Currently, there is no relevant research on the 14-3-3 genes of ginseng. Methods The identification of the ginseng 14-3-3 gene family was mainly based on ginseng genomic data and Hidden Markov Models (HMM). We used bioinformatics-related databases and tools to analyze the gene structure, physicochemical properties, cis-acting elements, gene ontology (GO), phylogenetic tree, interacting proteins, and transcription factor regulatory networks. We analyzed the transcriptome data of different ginseng tissues to clarify the expression pattern of the 14-3-3 gene family in ginseng. The expression level and modes of 14-3-3 genes under heat stress were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technology to determine the genes in the 14-3-3 gene family responding to high-temperature stress. Results In this study, 42 14-3-3 genes were identified from the ginseng genome and renamed PgGF14-1 to PgGF14-42. Gene structure and evolutionary relationship research divided PgGF14s into epsilon (ε) and non-epsilon (non-ε) groups, mainly located in four evolutionary branches. The gene structure and motif remained highly consistent within a subgroup. The physicochemical properties and structure of the predicted PgGF14 proteins conformed to the essential characteristics of 14-3-3 proteins. RNA-seq results indicated that the detected PgGF14s existed in different organs and tissues but differed in abundance; their expression was higher in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits but lower in seeds. The analysis of GO, cis-acting elements, interacting proteins, and regulatory networks of transcription factors indicated that PgGF14s might participate in physiological processes, such as response to stress, signal transduction, material synthesis-metabolism, and cell development. The qRT-PCR results indicated PgGF14s had multiple expression patterns under high-temperature stress with different change trends in several treatment times, and 38 of them had an apparent response to high-temperature stress. Furthermore, PgGF14-5 was significantly upregulated, and PgGF14-4 was significantly downregulated in all treatment times. This research lays a foundation for further study on the function of 14-3-3 genes and provides theoretical guidance for investigating abiotic stresses in ginseng.
Time–frequency analysis of cryptocurrency attention

ABSTRACT We present a wavelet analysis of retail investor attention and the daily returns of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin at five selected crypto exchanges that identifies the fractal dynamics of the short- and long-term persistent processes. The investors’ attention is proxied by the Search Volume Index provided by Google at daily frequency. We detect significant temporal cyclical movements and coherence between cryptocurrency returns and retail investor attention at long investment horizons: from the beginning of 2017 to the middle of 2018 and, to a lesser degree, in 2019. Investment horizons that dominated in 2017 and 2018 were mainly driven by retail investor attention rather than by uncertainty, risk, or stock markets. Therefore, we do not confirm that cryptocurrencies can be considered a safe-haven asset in times of crisis because there is no significant negative comovement between the returns of cryptocurrencies and stock returns or economic uncertainty. Furthermore, the phase shift analysis indicates that attention can serve as a leading indicator for the cryptocurrency returns, particularly in 2017 and 2018. Therefore, retail investors are encouraged to use the Search Volume Index as an early warning indicator in case of sudden changes in the cryptocurrency returns to maximise profits or minimise losses.
Comparative Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine and Dexamethasone as Adjuvants in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

Introduction Currently, peripheral nerve block has shown immense potential with effective patient satisfaction. In the event of upper limb surgeries, the supraclavicular brachial plexus approach under ultrasound guidance renders quick and dense anesthesia. In addition, the clinical utility of adjuvants with local anesthetics elicits a good quality of nerve block with improved duration and inset. So the aim of the present study was to compare the block characteristics of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone during supraclavicular brachial plexus block in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries. Materials and methods The present study was conducted on 100 patients aged 20-60 years with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)-I and ASA-II classification who were scheduled for upper limb surgeries. These patients were divided equally into two groups, namely group D (who received 20mL of 0.5% bupivacaine + 50 mcg (0.5mL) of dexmedetomidine +1.5mL normal saline) and group X (who received 20mL of 0.5% bupivacaine +8mg of dexamethasone), ensuring a total volume of 22mL administered to both groups. The time of onset and duration of the sensory and motor blocks, as well as the quality of intraoperative analgesia, were assessed. Results The addition of dexmedetomidine (50mcg) and dexamethasone (8mg) to 0.5% bupivacaine ensured a faster onset and prolonged duration of the sensory and motor blocks. Additionally, dexmedetomidine resulted in more prolonged postoperative analgesia, a lower mean visual analog scale score in the first 24 hours, and lesser opioid consumption in 24 hours than dexamethasone. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine is superior to dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine during supraclavicular brachial plexus block in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries.
The Impact of Surface Discontinuities on MEMS Thermal Wind Sensor Accuracy

A 2D calorimetric flow transducer is used to study distortions of the flow velocity field induced by small surface discontinuities around the chip. The transducer is incorporated into a matching recess of a PCB enabling wire-bonded interconnections to the transducer. The chip mount forms one wall of a rectangular duct. Two shallow recesses at opposite edges of the transducer chip are required for wired interconnections. They distort the flow velocity field inside the duct and deteriorate the flow setting precision. In-depth 3D-FEM analyses of the setup revealed that both the local flow direction as well as the surface-near distribution of the flow velocity magnitude deviate significantly from the ideal guided flow case. With a temporary leveling of the indentations, the impact of the surface imperfections could be largely suppressed. Including a yaw setting uncertainty of about ±0.5°, a peak-to-peak deviation of 3.8° of the transducer output from the intended flow direction was achieved with a mean flow velocity of 5 m/s in the duct corresponding to a shear rate of 2.4·104 s−1 at the chip surface. In view of the practical compromises, the measured deviation compares well with the peak-to-peak value of 1.74° predicted by previous simulations.
A Numerical Simulation Study on the Genesis of a Tropical Storm

Abstract The genesis of a tropical storm is studied using a numerical simulation model. The model used is an 11-level primitive equation model covering a channel domain of 25° span with open lateral boundaries at latitudes 5.5 and 30.5°N. The initial basic flow field is based on the mean condition at 80°W during Phase III of GATE. The superposed wave disturbance is initially confined in the lower troposphere. The time integration of the model is carried out to 96 h, during which a tropical storm develops accompanied by an upper level anticyclone. The genetic sequence of the disturbance system, from a shallow easterly wave into a tropical depression and further into a tropical storm, is described. The minimum surface pressure of the system deepens from 1008.4 to 1002.6 mb at 96 h. The maximum surface wind at 96 h is above 17 m s−1. The relative vorticity at 950 mb intensifies from 43 × 10−6 s−1 at the initial time to 237 × 10−6 s−1 at 96 h. The surface convergence increases from 24 × 10−6 10−6 s−1 to 71 × .
Evaluation of the Functional Outcome of Both Bone Forearm Fractures in the Pediatric Population With the Titanium Elastic Nailing System in a Tertiary Care Center

Background Forearm fractures are one of the most common injuries in the pediatric population. Diaphyseal fractures of the forearm, in particular, are among the most common injuries treated in the pediatric population. The incidence of both bone forearm fractures has increased in the past decade. Methodology This is a hospital-based retrospective study conducted from June 2020 to December 2022 at R. L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre in the orthopedics department after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria are met, participants with both bone forearm fractures were treated with the Titanium Elastic Nailing System (TENS). Data were entered and analyzed using IBM Corp. Released 2011, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Results Thirty patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 8.80 years. The majority were boys constituting 67% and girls constituting 33%. A road traffic accident was the mechanism of injury in the majority of patients (40%). The distal one-third forearm was the most common site fractured (63%). The mean flexion (active) at the elbow improved from 110°at at four weeks to 142° at 24 weeks. A restriction of about 23° in elbow extension at four weeks normalized to 0° at 24 weeks. The range of palmar flexion improved from 44° at four weeks to 68° at 24 weeks. The range of wrist dorsiflexion improved significantly over time from 46° at four weeks to 86° at 24 weeks. Complications such as delayed union and skin irritation were noted in two participants (6%). Conclusions Both bone forearm fractures treated with TENS have shown good results in terms of bony union and functional outcomes with the least complications.
Assessment of noise levels in the ambient air quality of a Chromite Mining complex -A case study

Systematic monitoring of noise, a measurable quality of the ambient air, was performed during the summer of 2008 and the winter of 2009 between 07:00–22:00 hours in and around of achromiteminingcomplex. A Student's t-test revealed that the equivalent noise level(Leq) was not identical with respect to the test values at the different stations at 1% level of significance. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) also revealed that Leq differed depending on the time of day and the types of locations at 1% level of significance. The Post hoc analysis showed that the Leq had the greatest effect in the evening at the workshop, the automatic teller machine (ATM) and the hospital at 1% level of significance. Similarly, the Leq at the airfield had the greatest effect in the afternoon at 1% level of significance, attributed primarily to the heavy traffic density.
Population Pharmacokinetic−Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Carvedilol to Evaluate the Effect of Cytochrome P450 2D6 Genotype on the Heart Rate Reduction

Background Carvedilol is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist primarily metabolized by cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2D6. This study established a carvedilol population pharmacokinetic (PK)–pharmacodynamic (PD) model to describe the effects of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on the inter-individual variability of PK and PD. Methods The PK–PD model was developed from a clinical study conducted on 21 healthy subjects divided into three CYP2D6 phenotype groups, with six subjects in the extensive metabolizer (EM, *1/*1, *1/*2), seven in the intermediate metabolizer-1 (IM-1, *1/*10, *2/*10), and eight in the intermediate metabolizer-2 (IM-2, *10/*10) groups. The PK–PD model was sequentially developed, and the isoproterenol-induced heart rate changes were used to establish the PD model. A direct effect response and inhibitory Emax model were used to develop a carvedilol PK–PD model. Results The carvedilol PK was well described by a two-compartment model with zero-order absorption, lag time, and first-order elimination. The carvedilol clearance in the CYP2D6*10/*10 group decreased by 32.8% compared with the other groups. The inhibitory concentration of carvedilol estimated from the final PK–PD model was 16.5 ng/mL regardless of the CYP2D6 phenotype. Conclusion The PK–PD model revealed that the CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms were contributed to the inter-individual variability of carvedilol PK, but not PD.
Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiling of Agrobacterium-tumefaciens-Infected Immature Wheat Embryos

The transformation efficiency (TE) was improved by a series of special chemical and physical methods using immature embryos from the cultivar Fielder, with the PureWheat technique. To analyze the reaction of immature embryos infected, which seemed to provide the necessary by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in PureWheat, a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), complete transcriptome analysis, and metabolome analysis was conducted to understand the progress. The results of the SEM analysis revealed that Agrobacterium tumefaciens were deposited under the damaged cortex of immature embryos as a result of pretreatment and contacted the receptor cells to improve the TE. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and the MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway. By analyzing the correlation between differentially expressed genes and metabolites, the expression of many genes and the accumulation of metabolites were changed in glucose metabolism and the TCA cycle (Citrate cycle), as well as the amino acid metabolism; this suggests that the infection of wheat embryos with Agrobacterium is an energy-demanding process. The shikimate pathway may act as a hub between glucose metabolism and phenylpropanoid metabolism during Agrobacterium infection. The downregulation of the F5H gene and upregulation of the CCR gene led to the accumulation of lignin precursors through phenylpropanoid metabolism. In addition, several metabolic pathways and oxidases were found to be involved in the infection treatment, including melatonin biosynthesis, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, betaine biosynthesis, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase, suggesting that wheat embryos may be under the stress of Agrobacterium and, thus, undergo an oxidative stress response. These findings explore the physiological and molecular changes of immature embryos during the co-culture stage of the PureWheat technique and provide insights for Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic wheat experiments.
Bacterial Community Survey of Wolbachia-Infected Parthenogenetic Parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Treated with Antibiotics and High Temperature

Wolbachia has been shown to induce thelytokous parthenogenesis in Trichogramma species, which have been widely used as biological control agents around the world. Little is known about the changes of bacterial community after restoring arrhenotokous or bisexual reproduction in the T. pretiosum. Here, we investigate the emergence of males of T. pretiosum through curing experiments (antibiotics and high temperature), crossing experiments, and high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing (rRNA-seq). The results of curing experiments showed that both antibiotics and high temperatures could cause the thelytokous T. pretiosum to produce male offspring. Wolbachia was dominant in the thelytokous T. pretiosum bacterial community with 99.01% relative abundance. With the relative abundance of Wolbachia being depleted by antibiotics, the diversity and relative content of other endosymbiotic bacteria increased, and the reproductive mode reverted from thelytoky to arrhenotoky in T. pretiosum. Although antibiotics did not eliminate Wolbachia in T. pretiosum, sulfadiazine showed an advantage in restoring entirely arrhenotokous and successive bisexual reproduction. This study was the first to demonstrate the bacterial communities in parthenogenetic Trichogramma before and after antibiotics or high-temperature treatment. Our findings supported the hypothesis that Wolbachia titer-dependence drives a reproduction switch in T. pretiosum between thelytoky and arrhenotoky.
Zonulin as a Preliminary Biomarker of Lung Permeability Among Diseased Calves: Cohort Study

Z ONULIN, almost well recognized protein, not solely influence the integrity of intercellular connections int the gut, but also could be capable of modulating lung permeability. It is best known as biomarker/regulator of gastrointestinal tight gap junctions. On the other hand cumulative evidence is growing regarding gut-lung axis also in cattle. The purpose of this present cohort study was to establish the relationship between circulating zonulin levels and severity of respiratory problems among disease calves upon referral at a milk-fed veal facility, 20 calves with a diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease were scored for calf respiratory scoring chart previously identified and well designed. Scores >5 were identified as active disease (severe pneumonia), whereas scores <5 were denoted as exposure (without severe pneumonia). Commercially available specific Bovine Zonulin ELISA test kits were used. Ethical guidelines were strictly followed up with written owner consent was available for all calves enrolled. The mean zonulin levels (ng/mL) healthy calves, calves without severe pneumonia (Score <5) and calves with pneumonia (Score >5) were detected as 21.03 ± 10.57, 39.53 ± 11.90 and 64.69 ± 17.98, respectively. There was statistically significant alterations in calves with severe pneumonia in contrast to healthy calves (p<0.05). As preliminary findings of the present reseacrh zonulin is not solely limited to expression of intestinal inflammation and thus circulating zonulin levels should be interpreted in possible lung injury (and or lung permeability) in correlation with disease activity on field conditions for prognosis and available treatment practices.
Gross moist stability and the Madden–Julian Oscillation in reanalysis data

This study uses the ERA‐Interim and Climate Forecast System reanalysis datasets to examine the relationship between the convective activity of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the normalized gross moist stability (NGMS) on various time‐scales. Previous studies based on proposed theories for the MJO and the assessments of general circulation models suggest that MJO convection tends to be more active where the NGMS is smaller or effectively negative. This relationship only appears using reanalysis data on some time‐scales and limited geographical regions. On seasonal time‐scales, MJO convective activity shifts with the regions of positive NGMS and net moisture import, indicating positive correlation between MJO convective activity and the NGMS. On interannual to decadal time‐scales, stronger MJO convective events tend to occur with a background state of smaller NGMS exclusively over the central Pacific basin, indicating negative correlation. When the environment switches between net moisture export to import, MJO convective activity tends to follow the region of net moisture import, leading to its positive correlation with NGMS. However, when the environment already has net moisture import and positive NGMS, MJO convective activity is negatively correlated with the NGMS and stronger MJO convective events tend to occur with smaller positive NGMS. Therefore, the background NGMS is not a globally applicable metric for MJO convective activity and it needs to be used with caution over such environments where the NGMS can oscillate around zero. On intraseasonal time‐scales, as shown by previous modelling and observational studies, the NGMS becomes anomalously negative prior to the onset of MJO enhanced convection and becomes positive as the convection peaks over the Indo‐Pacific basin. The results of this study demonstrate that the relationship between MJO convective activity and the NGMS in reanalysis data largely depends on time‐scales and geographical region.
Multiple Change-Point Detection in Linear Regression Models via U-Statistic Type Processes

Many procedures have been developed that are suited to testing for multiple changes in parameters of regression models which occur at unknown times. Most notably, Brown, Durbin and Evans [11] and Dufour [15], have developed or extended existing techniques, but said extensions lack power for detecting changes (cf. Kramer, Ploberger, Alt [24] and Pouliot [32] in the intercept parameter of linear regression models. Orasch [26] has developed a stochastic process that easily accommodates testing for many change-points that occur at unknown times. A slight modification of his process is suggested here which improves the power of statistics fashioned from it. These statistics are then used to construct tests to detect multiple changes in intercept in linear regression models. It is also shown here that this slightly altered process, when weighted by appropriately chosen functions, is sensitive to detection of multiple changes in intercept that occur both early and later on in the sample, while maintaining sensitivity to changes that occur in the middle of the sample.