Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of Polarization Remote Sensing Techniques and Applications in the Visible and Infrared

According to the spectral polarization properties of atmospheric radiation and ground object radiation, the polarization remote sensing has been developed as new ground-based,airborne,and spaceborne observation techniques to be applied to many scientific regions,such as the global climate variation investigation, earth remote sensing,and astronomical research.The development of optical polarization remote sensing system is introduced.With the different detection objectives,these polarimeters have their special polarization analytical mechanism and polarization information acquisition model.The polarization mechanics of interacting between the incident radiation and the substance is analyzed too.The experimental results of polarization detection in the visible and infrared wavebands are discussed.The application fundamental research of spectral polarization remote sensing information is described.The spectral polarization information helps to retrieve the properties of atmosphere,natural ground object,man-made object,and celestial body,respectively.At last,the advances of polarization optics,optoelectronics and computer technology are concerned.The application processes of advanced polarization measurement and polarization calibration applied to the optical polarization remote sensing system are emphasized.The trend in development of optical polarization remote sensing technique is predicted.
A Two-Level Coordination Strategy for Distribution Network Balancing

Uncertain distributed energy resources and uneven load allocation cause the three-phase unbalance in distribution networks (DNs), which may harm the health of power equipment and increase the operational cost. There are emerging opportunities to balance three-phase DNs with a number of power electronic devices installed in the system. In this paper, we propose a novel two-level coordination strategy to improve the network balancing performance, where soft open points (SOPs) and phase switch devices (PSDs) are hierarchically coordinated in the network. At the upper level, a new type of SOPs with the function of phase switching is designed to explore the cross-phase power transfer ability; at the lower level, PSDs are utilized to flexibly allocate individual loads to specific phases. The two-level coordination strategy is typically formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. To solve the model accurately and efficiently, we develop a successive linearization algorithm to approximate it to a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem at each iteration. On this basis, we propose a heuristic time-independent fixing algorithm to further ease the computational burden by eliminating a large number of integer variables in the MILP problem. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness, accuracy, and efficiency of the proposed method.
Two Randomized, Double-masked, Placebo-controlled Studies of the Local Anesthetic Effect of Articaine Ophthalmic Solution

Background We wanted to develop a new topical ocular anesthetic with good bioavailability in anterior segment tissues. Given concerns about contamination and sterility in multi-dose products, we selected a unit-dose, nonpreserved presentation of AG-920 (articaine ophthalmic solution) in blow-fill-seal containers (similar to currently marketed pharmacological therapies for dry eye disease). Methods Consistent with US Food and Drug Administration guidance, two pivotal, Phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked, parallel design studies conducted at two US private practices in 240 healthy subjects. A single dose of AG-920 or identical looking placebo into one (study) eye (2 drops 30 s apart). Subjects underwent a conjunctival pinch procedure and assessment of the pain associated with the pinch. The main outcome measure was the proportion of subjects with rating of “No pain at 5 minutes”. Results AG-920 provided a rapid onset of local anesthesia (less than one minute) with clinically and statistically significantly greater effect in AG-920 (68% and 83%) than placebo (3% and 18% for Study 1 and Study 2, respectively, P<0.0001). The most frequent adverse event was instillation site pain (27% vs 3%) followed by conjunctival hyperemia (probably related to the pinch, 9% vs 10%) in the AG-920 and placebo groups, respectively. Conclusion AG-920 was found to be have a rapid onset and useful duration of local anesthesia with no major safety issues, and may be useful for the eye-care professional. Registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04513652 and NCT04829344.
Land Surface-Induced Regional Climate Change in Southern Israel

Since the mid-1960s, the southern part of Israel has experienced major land use changes following the start of the irrigation scheme and the subsequent intensification of agricultural practice. Several studies, mainly based on the analysis of climatic time series, have shown that this has been followed by a significant change of the local climate, especially during the summer and early fall. They indicate a reduced diurnal amplitude of surface air temperature and wind speed, and a threefold increase of the October (early wet season) convective precipitation. In this paper, these phenomena are investigated by simulating the influence of the land surface on local meteorological variables with a two-dimensional version of a mesoscale atmospheric model containing a detailed land surface scheme. Particular attention is given to the correct estimation of land surface parameters from soil and vegetation maps and remote sensing data. The simulations confirm the observed reduction of the diurnal amplitude of temperature and wind speed when replacing a semiarid surface by a partly irrigated one. Furthermore, it is shown that the potential for moist convection increases with the surface moisture availability and is rather insensitive to the surface roughness.
Nonlinear Effects in Gravity Waves Propagating in Shallow Water

Nonlinear energy transfers due to triad interactions change the characteristics of the wave-field in the shoaling region. The degree of nonlinear coupling is examined using numerical simulations based on an accurate set of deterministic evolution equations for the propagation of fully dispersive weakly nonlinear waves. The model validation, using existing experimental measurements for wave transformation over a shoal, showed that it accurately predicts nonlinear energy transfer for irregular waves with large wave-numbers. The bound higher harmonics and nonlinear statistical measures, i.e. the wave skewness and asymmetry, are well simulated by the model in both the shoaling and deshoaling regions. Numerical simulation of steep waves in shallow water with the Ursell number O(1), showed that nonlinear dispersion and phase locking lead to triad interactions even on a horizontal bottom. Nonlinear energy transfers in monochromatic waves lead to rapid spatial recurrence of the primary wave amplitudes. This is in contrast to the case of irregular waves where the Fourier coefficients of the wave-field do not recur due to the presence of innumerable interactions, which are expected to cancel resulting in no spatial evolution of the wave spectrum.
SWIFT view of the 2015 outburst of GS 2023+338 (V404 Cyg): complex `spectro-temporal' evolution

Aims : We study the `spectro-temporal' characteristics of the source GS 2023+338 (V404 Cyg) during the initial phase of its June 2015 outburst, over the energy range of 0.5 - 150 keV. This is the first detailed study of the characteristics of this source based on SWIFT observations, being reported. We study the nature of soft as well as the hard emission of the energy spectra, and the temporal evolution of the source. We attempt to understand these characteristics with respect to the previous outburst of this source, and other Galactic black hole sources. Conclusions : This source is observed to exhibit spectral state transitions occupying the hard, intermediate and soft spectral states. The hardness intensity diagram do not show a `q-shape' which is usually observed in black hole transients. Dramatic changes in the `spectro-temporal' properties are also exhibited before the ejection of a radio jet suggesting it to be associated with coronal ejection. It seems that the ejected matter is obscuring the Keplerian disk or may be evacuation of the inner part of the Keplerian disk for a short duration, due to which the disk is not observed after a radio flare. The absorption features observed suggest the presence of wind emission and the evolution of the characteristics of the variable Fe line emission during both the hard and intermediate states, indicates its origin to be probably related to the wind/outflow.
Systematic Literature Review: Employee Empowerment in Indonesia’s Hotel Industry

Employee empowerment is the company's effort to help and encourage employees to have a sense of self-confidence and be able to make employees independent to do their jobs effectively. Employee empowerment in the hospitality sector includes clearly defined responsibilities, delegating authority, setting standards of excellence, train & development, provide knowledge & information, giving feedback, recognition, and trust . The combination of employee empowerment methods will have a positive short-term and long-term impact on the company. Thus, based on research that has been carried out using the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) which aims to analyze the employee empowerment system in the hospitality industry in Indonesia, it is concluded that the use of employee empowerment methods can provide optimal and efficient results.
Measuring Value Created for and by Stakeholders

This paper outlines how value can be measured across four elements of the firm/stakeholder relationship beyond standard economic measures. It takes into account the perception of financial value along with non-financial benefits provided and received by the firm and its stakeholders. Focusing only upon the economic or financial outcomes of such relationships can lead to erroneous results as the money spent may not create value for the receiver, and could even do significant harm. The aggregation of views across different firms together with the perceptions of various stakeholders will allow for comparisons between firms and stakeholders. Applying this conceptual model will also reveal what is important to the firm versus what is important to the stakeholder. This paper proposes an improved approach to conceptualizing and measuring net value in which businesses can see if the value they provide exceeds the value they receive from stakeholders and vice versa.
Risk factors for dog bites involving children

Although children are the most frequent victims of dog bites, gaps remain in understanding of the factors that lead to biting incidents. Using a retrospective and victim self-report questionnaire, risk factors for dog bites with respect to younger and older children in Slovenia are examined. The results showed that younger children were more commonly bitten in a non-public place, outside or inside a house when the owner was absent. They had approached and interacted with a dog they knew, which had a history of aggression and had displayed tense or aggressive behaviour before the bite. Older children were mainly bitten outside in a public space, when the owner was not there. They were approached and bitten by an unknown dog while running or cycling, while entering the dog’s personal space, or it was completely unprovoked. The dog involved had a history of aggression and before the bite the victims had neither interacted nor attempted to interact with the dog. These results suggest that the risk factors for dog bites involving children might be age-related calling for due attention and further assessment.
New geodetic constraints on the role of faults and blocks vs. distribute strain in the Nubia-Arabia-Eurasia zone of active plate interactions

: We present a broad view of present-day motions and deformations derived from uniform processing of GNSS observations within the Nubia-Arabia-Eurasia zone of plate interaction. The new observations we present provide a ~29% increase in the number of velocity determinations, a reduction in average station spacing from ~76 km to ~39 km, and an improvement in velocity uncertainties (for <1 mm/year), from 180 to 578 sites compared to our prior published solution (Reilinger et al., 2006). We use these new constraints to better evaluate the role of faults and blocks in controlling the character of continental deformation within the zone of plate interactions. Simple elastic block models show that internal deformation of the region occurs in large part on mapped, seismically active fault systems, indicating elastic behavior of the seismogenic crust (above ~15 km). For example, eastern central Anatolia, an area of > ~126,000 km 2 , bounded by the North and East Anatolian Faults exhibits internal velocity differences of <0.5 mm/year, indicating strain rates of < ~1.5 nanostrain/year. Geodetically constrained fault slip rates obtained from this simplified approach are comparable to geologic rates, indicating that major faults have controlled the recent geologic evolution of the region (i.e. 5–10 Myr). The pattern of present-day deformation, including increasingly fast motions towards the Hellenic trench, and the roughly simultaneous opening of all the major Mediterranean basins in the early Miocene with the slowing of the Nubia-Eurasia convergence, support conceptual models that foundering and rollback of the subducted Nubian slab beneath the Aegean is the primary mechanism responsible for present-day motion and internal deformation of the Anatolian-Aegean region.
Effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on Cerebral Perfusion and Cognition: A Systematic Review

Background: Perfusion imaging has the potential to identify neurodegenerative disorders in a preclinical stage. However, to correctly interpret perfusion-derived parameters, the impact of perfusion modifiers should be evaluated. Objective: In this systematic review, the impact of acute and chronic intake of four acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) on cerebral perfusion in adults was investigated: physostigmine, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine. Results: Chronic AChEI treatment results in an increase of cerebral perfusion in treatment-responsive patients with Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson’s disease dementia in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, as well as the cingulate gyrus. These effects appear to be temporary, dose-related, and consistent across populations and different AChEI types. On the contrary, further perfusion decline was reported in patients not receiving AChEIs or not responding to the treatment. Conclusion: AChEIs appear to be a potential perfusion modifier in neurodegenerative patients. More research focused on quantitative perfusion in both patients with and without a cholinergic deficit is needed to draw conclusions on whether AChEI intake should be considered when analyzing perfusion data.
A Metabolome Analysis and the Immunity of Phlomis purpurea against Phytophthora cinnamomi

Phlomis purpurea grows spontaneously in the southern Iberian Peninsula, namely in cork oak (Quercus suber) forests. In a previous transcriptome analysis, we reported on its immunity against Phytophthora cinnamomi. However, little is known about the involvement of secondary metabolites in the P. purpurea defense response. It is known, though, that root exudates are toxic to this pathogen. To understand the involvement of secondary metabolites in the defense of P. purpurea, a metabolome analysis was performed using the leaves and roots of plants challenged with the pathogen for over 72 h. The putatively identified compounds were constitutively produced. Alkaloids, fatty acids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, polyketides, prenol lipids, phenylpropanoids, sterols, and terpenoids were differentially produced in these leaves and roots along the experiment timescale. It must be emphasized that the constitutive production of taurine in leaves and its increase soon after challenging suggests its role in P. purpurea immunity against the stress imposed by the oomycete. The rapid increase in secondary metabolite production by this plant species accounts for a concerted action of multiple compounds and genes on the innate protection of Phlomis purpurea against Phytophthora cinnamomi. The combination of the metabolome with the transcriptome data previously disclosed confirms the mentioned innate immunity of this plant against a devastating pathogen. It suggests its potential as an antagonist in phytopathogens’ biological control. Its application in green forestry/agriculture is therefore possible.
Nephroprotective Properties of Antidiabetic Drugs

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially from cardiovascular (CV) causes, and especially in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Already the presence of DM increases CV risk and potentiates the risk of CKD. Therefore, besides glycemic control, prevention and treatment of CKD to slow its progression are of clinical importance. A significant nephroprotective effect of novel antidiabetic drugs, namely sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), has been shown on top of their glucose-lowering effects and was confirmed in cardiovascular outcome trials. GLP1-RA mainly reduced the risk of macroalbuminuria, whereas SGLT2-I were also associated with a lower risk of declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time. The nephroprotective effects of SGLT2-I are also evident in people without DM. According to current guidelines, SGLT2-I and/or GLP1-RA are recommended for people with DM who have chronic kidney disease and/or increased cardiovascular risk. However, other antidiabetic drugs offer nephroprotective properties, which will also be discussed in this review.
An Improved Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm for Multi-Satellite Joint Large Regional Coverage

Multi-satellite joint regional coverage aims to select the optimal combination of satellite resources to acquire the image information of the specified area. Meanwhile, more than three objectives are usually considered simultaneously during this process. Therefore, it is a typical many-objective optimization problem that is NP-hard. Most existing many-objective optimization algorithms cannot preserve extreme solutions due to the failure of Pareto dominance. In this paper, through introducing the idea of S-CDAS into the traditional NSGA-III, an improved many-objective evolutionary algorithm named NSGA-III for extreme solutions preservation (ESP-NSGA-III) is proposed with problem-specific genetic operations to generate regional coverage schemes. A comparative study is conducted with other six state-of-the-art many-objective evolutionary algorithms. Hypervolume (HV) and pure diversity (PD) metrics are used to evaluate the performance of algorithms. The simulation results show that ESP-NSGA-III has good comprehensive performance and improves the diversity of original algorithms. The maximum difference of the coverage rate between ESP-NSGA-III and other six algorithms is 0.2576 so that satisfactory regional coverage scheme can be obtained by ESP-NSGA-III. Our proposed methods are not only applicable to regional coverage tasks, but also have important reference significance for solving other real-world problems.
Quantum chemical modeling of organic enhanced atmospheric nucleation: A critical review

Aerosol particles are important for our global climate, but the mechanisms and especially the relative importance of various vapors for new particles formation (NPF) remain uncertain. Quantum chemical (QC) studies on organic enhanced nucleation has for the past couple of decades attracted immense attention, but very little remains known about the exact organic compounds that potentially are important for NPF. Here we comprehensively review the QC literature on atmospheric cluster formation involving organic compounds. We outline the potential cluster systems that should be further investigated. Cluster formation involving complex multi‐functional organic accretion products warrant further investigations, but such systems are out of reach with currently applied methodologies. We suggest a “cluster of functional groups” approach to address this issue, which will allow for the identification of the potential structure of organic compounds that are involved in atmospheric NPF.
Ulcer‐healing effects of jumihaidokuto extract in a mouse model of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing skin infection

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes severe skin diseases with ulceration. Since MRSA are not susceptible to multiple antibiotics, novel therapeutic agents are desired. Jumihaidokuto, a combination of 10 crude drugs, is a Japanese traditional Kampo medicine that is used for the treatment of skin diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of jumihaidokuto extract (JHT) on MRSA‐infected mice.
Diet and Exercise Exert a Differential Effect on Glucose Metabolism Markers According to the Degree of NAFLD Severity

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) are highly prevalent diseases worldwide. Insulin Resistance (IR) is the common denominator of the two conditions even if the precise timing of onset is unknown. Lifestyle change remains the most effective treatment to manage NAFLD. This study aimed to estimate the effect of the Low Glycemic Index Mediterranean Diet (LGIMD) and exercise (aerobic and resistance) over a one-year period on the longitudinal trajectories of glucose metabolism regulatory pathways. Materials and Methods: In this observational study, 58 subjects (aged 18–65) with different degrees of NAFLD severity were enrolled by the National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, to follow a 12-month program of combined exercise and diet. Results: The mean age was 55 ± 7 years old. Gender was equally distributed among NAFLD categories. There was a statistically significant main effect of time for glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) over the whole period (−5.41, 95% CI: −7.51; −3.32). There was a steady, statistically significant decrease of HbA1c in participants with moderate and severe NAFLD whereas this effect was observed after the 9th month in those with mild NAFLD. Conclusions: The proposed program significantly improves glucose metabolism parameters, especially HbA1c.