Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empirical process based on the recursive residuals in functional measurement error models

Recursive residuals are a linear transformation of ordinary residuals. They have frequently been suggested for testing model fit and model assumptions in linear regression. In this paper, we generalize the theory of the empirical process based on the residuals in the measurement error models to the recursive residuals in the measurement error models. We prove that recursive residuals in these models are asymptotically independent and identically distributed and show that, in this case, the weak convergence properties of the standardized residuals hold for the studentized recursive residuals. Furthermore, we look at some tests for goodness-of-fit based on the weak convergence of the empirical distribution of the recursive residuals. We justify the use of goodness-of-fit tests based on recursive residuals by carrying out a parametric bootstrap simulation study.
Approach for enhanced polarization of polycrystalline bismuth titanate films by Nd3+/V5+ cosubstitution

Thin films of Nd3+-substituted bismuth titanate, (Bi4.00−y,Ndy)Ti3.00O12 (BNT), Nd3+/V5+-cosubstituted bismuth titanate, (Bi4.00−y,Ndy)(Ti3.00−xVx)O12 (BNTV), and La3+-substituted bismuth titanate, (Bi3.25,La0.75)Ti3.00O12 (BLT) were fabricated on the (111)Pt/Ti/SiO2/(100)Si substrates by a chemical solution deposition technique. These films possessed random-oriented polycrystalline structure. The BNT film had larger remnant polarization (Pr) than the BLT film; Pr and coercive field (Ec) of the BNT film with y=0.50 were 32 μC/cm2 and 126 kV/cm, respectively. Furthermore, V5+ substitution improved the Pr value of the BNT film up to 37 μC/cm2 (BNTV film; y=0.50, x=0.02), while the BNTV film had an Ec value of approximately 119 kV/cm which was similar to that of the BNT film. Ferroelectric properties of the Pb-free polycrystalline BNT and BNTV films are comparable with those of conventional Pb-based ferroelectric films like a lead zirconate titanate.
Finite‐time attitude stabilization for rigid spacecraft

This paper investigates the finite‐time attitude stabilization problem for rigid spacecraft in the presence of inertia uncertainties and external disturbances. Three nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) controllers are designed to make the spacecraft system converge to its equilibrium point or a region around its equilibrium point in finite time. In addition, these novel controllers are singularity‐free, and the presented adaptive NTSM control (ANTSMC) laws are chattering‐free. A rigorous proof of finite‐time convergence is developed. The proposed ANTSMC algorithms combine NTSM, adaptation and a constant plus power rate reaching law. Because the algorithms require no information about inertia uncertainties and external disturbances, they can be used in practical systems, where such knowledge is typically unavailable. Simulation results support the theoretical analysis.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some comments on wave propagation and shock wave structure with application to magnetohydrodynamics

An investigation was made of wave propagation and shock wave structure by means of linear and non-linear problems. The conclusions drawn from this study were applied to magnetohydrodynamic problems for conducting fluids in magnetic fields. This investigation was proposed to determine which set of waves in the fluid are the most important and are to be observed and to determine how appropriate boundary conditions should be assigned. (B.O.G.)
Diffuse infrared emission from the galaxy. I: Solar neighborhood

A large-scale study of the infrared emission originating in the solar neighborhood based on IRAS data is presented. Away from heating sources and outside molecular clouds, the infrared emission from the ISM is well-correlated with the column density of H I gas. The interstellar radiation field and the dust abundance are roughly uniform on scales of the order of 100 pc. The extinction in the polar caps is discussed, and the origin of the infrared emission from the solar neighborhood is investigated. It is shown that stars younger than a few 100 million yr are responsible for two-thirds of the infrared emission from the solar neighborhood, but that most of this emission comes from interstellar matter not associated with current star formation. The correlation between infrared and radio-continuum fluxes of galaxies breaks down on the scale of a few hundred pc around regions of star formation. 81 references.
Complementary model for intrinsic time-dependent dielectric breakdown in SiO2 dielectrics

A molecular physics-based complementary model, which includes both field and current, is introduced to help resolve the E versus 1/E-model controversy that has existed for many years as to the true physics behind time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB). It is shown here that either TDDB model can be valid for certain specified field, temperature, and molecular bonding-energy ranges. For bond strengths 3 eV, the bond breakage must be hole catalyzed by current-induced hole injection and capture. Under these conditions, the TDDB physics is described well by the 1/E model.
A Comparison of Strategies for Forming Product Indicators for Unequal Numbers of Items in Structural Equation Models of Latent Interactions

This Monte Carlo simulation study investigated different strategies for forming product indicators for the unconstrained approach in analyzing latent interaction models when the exogenous factors are measured by unequal numbers of indicators under both normal and nonnormal conditions. Product indicators were created by (a) multiplying parcels of the larger scale by items of the smaller scale, and (b) matching items according to reliability to create several product indicators, ignoring those items with lower reliability. Two scaling approaches were compared where parceling was not involved: (a) fixing the factor variances, and (b) fixing 1 loading to 1 for each factor. The unconstrained approach was compared with the latent moderated structural equations (LMS) approach. Results showed that under normal conditions, the LMS approach was preferred because the biases of its interaction estimates and associated standard errors were generally smaller, and its power was higher than that of the unconstrained approach. Under nonnormal conditions, however, the unconstrained approach was generally more robust than the LMS approach. It is recommended to form product indicators by using items with higher reliability (rather than parceling) in the matching and then to specify the model by fixing 1 loading of each factor to unity when adopting the unconstrained approach.
Modal Reduction of a Nonlinear Rotating Beam Through Nonlinear Normal Modes

A method for determining reduced-order models for rotating beams is presented. The approach is based on the construction of nonlinear normal modes that are defined in terms of invariant manifolds that exist for the system equations of motion. The beam considered is an idealized model for a rotor blade whose motions are dominated by transverse vibrations in the direction perpendicular to the plane of rotation (known as flapping). The mathematical model for the rotating beam is relatively simple, but contains the nonlinear coupling that exists between transverse and axial deflections. When one employs standard modal expansion or finite element techniques to this system, this nonlinearity causes slow convergence, leading to models that require many degrees of freedom in order to achieve accurate dynamical representations. In contrast, the invariant manifold approach systematically accounts for the nonlinear coupling between linear modes, thereby providing models with very few degrees of freedom that accurately capture the essential dynamics of the system. Models with one and two nonlinear modes are considered, the latter being able to handle systems with internal resonances. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the validity of the approach and to exhibit features of the nonlinear modal responses. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1426071#
Growth and Characterization of CeO2 Films on Sapphire Substrates by Sputtering Process

Two-inch-diameter CeO2 films on R-plane (1*BAR*1*BAR*02) sapphire substrates have been prepared using an on-axis rf magnetron sputtering method. The effects of postannealing treatment, sputtering gas pressure and substrate temperature on the orientation, crystallinity and surface morphology of the CeO2 films have been investigated. The (100)-preferred CeO2 films with high crystallinity are grown at 820° C and 0.15 Torr and have a full width at half-maximum value of the rocking curve of (200) planes of 0.15°. The spatial variation of thickness of the CeO2 films across the 2-inch substrate is about 5.8%. The c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) films grown on sapphire substrates with a (100)-preferred CeO2 buffer layer of 100 nm are made. The YBCO films have superconducting properties with the T c being 88–90 K and J c (77 K, 0 T) being (1–3)×106 A/cm2.
Comment: Hierarchical Statistical Modeling for Paleoclimate Reconstruction

Schweingruber, F. H. (1996), Tree Rings and Environment Dendroecology, Berne, Switzerland: Paul Haupt. [884] Shumway, R. H. , and Stoffer, D. S. (2006), Time Series Analysis and Its Applications: With R Examples, New York: Springer. [889] Tingley, M. P., and Huybers, P. (2010), “A Bayesian Algorithm for Reconstructing Climate Anomalies in Space and Time. Part 1: Development and Applications to Paleoclimate Reconstruction Problems,” Journal of Climate, 23, 2759–2781. [893] Viau, A. E. , Gajewski, K. , Sawada, M. C. , and Fines, P. (2006), “Millennial-Scale Temperature Variations in North America During the Holocene,” Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D09012, DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006031. [884] von Storch, H. , Zorita, E. , Jones, J., Dimitriev, Y. , Gonzalez-Rouco, F. , and Tett, S. (2004), “Reconstructing Past Climate From Noisy Data,” Science, 306, 679–682. [885] Wikle, C. K. , Millif, R. F. , Nychka, D. , and Berliner, L. M. (2001), “Spatiotemporal Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling: Tropical Ocean Surface Winds,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 96, 382–397. [884] Williams, J. W. , Bartlein, P. J., and Webb III, T. (2000), “Data-Model Comparisons for Eastern North America—Inferred Biomes and Climate Values From Pollen Data,” in Proceedings of the Third Paleoclimatic Modeling Intercomparison Project Workshop, ed. P. Braconnot, Montreal, Canada: World Climate Research Program, pp. 77–86. [884] Zielinski, G. A. (2000), “Use of Paleo-Records in Determining Variability Within the Volcanism-Climate System,” Quaternary Science Reviews, 19, 417–438. [886] Zorita, E. , Gonzalez-Rouco, F. , and Legutke, S. (2003), “Testing the Mann et al. (1998) Approach to Paleoclimate Reconstructions in the Context of a 1000-yr Control Simulation With the ECHO-G Coupled Climate Model,” Journal of Climate, 16, 1378–1390. [885]
The refined physical parameters of transiting exoplanet system HAT-P-24

The transiting exoplanet system HAT-P-24 was observed by using CCD cameras at Yunnan Observatory and Hokoon Astronomical Centre, China in 2010 and 2012. In order to enhance the signal to noise ratio of transit events, the observed data are corrected for systematic errors according to Collier Cameron et al.'s coarse de-correlation and Tamuz et al.'s SYSREM algorithms. Three new complete transit light curves are analyzed by means of the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, and the new physical parameters of the system are derived. They are consistent with the old ones from the discovered paper except for a new larger radius Rp = 1.364 RJ of HAT-P-24b, which confirms its inflated nature. By combining the five available epochs of mid-transit derived from complete transit light curves, the orbital period of HAT-P-24b is refined to P = 3.3552479 d and no obvious transit timing variation signal can be found from these five transit events during 2010–2012.
Evaluation of effects of shear stress on hepatocytes by a microchip-based system

A microchip-based evaluation system for the effects of shear stress on hepatocyte activity was developed. The shear flows caused hepatocytes to change morphology and functions according to their exposed value of shear stress. The metabolic activities of hepatocytes under higher shear stress were lower, especially when the cultivation time exceeded 3 days. The morphologic observation revealed that hepatocytes changed their shape like vascular endothelial cells do. This suggested that perfusion affected the function and morphology of hepatocytes in the microchip. This system is useful for the optimization of flow conditions in microfluidic bioreactors.
Observational Analysis and Numerical Evaluation of the Effects of Vertical Wind Shear on the Rainfall Asymmetry in the Typhoon Inner-Core Region

A number of observational and modeling studies have shown a tendency for typhoon strength vortices to develop upward motion and produce precipitation, particularly in the eyewall, on the downshear to downshear-left side of the tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the directional relationships obtained from the observational studies have been mostly confined to the TC cases in the Atlantic basin. Furthermore, little evidence has been presented so far for the relationship in magnitude, between shear and rainfall asymmetry.In the former part of the present study, the observational analysis on TC rainfall asymmetries is extended to the western North Pacific TCs in 2004, using the two types of rain-rate data, the Radar-AMeDAS precipitation data, and satellite-based rainfall estimates, such as TMI and AMSR-E rain rates. It is well demonstrated from the analysis that rainfall in the inner-core region of a TC tends to occur on the downshear to downshear-left side, irrespective of data type used and latitudes where TCs are located. However, as far as the relationship between shear and storm motion is concerned, a sharp contrast is found between low and middle latitudes. In middle latitudes TCs have a tendency to move to the left of the shear, consistent with previous studies, while in low latitudes they tend to move to the right of the shear. The contrasting shear-relative storm heading between the two latitudes is attributed to the difference in vertical structure of the ambient wind.In the latter part of the study, to explore the quantitative relationship between shear and rainfall asymmetry, a formula for the shear-induced vertical motion is derived from the thermal wind balance equation for TC-like vortices. The formula states that the shear-induced vertical motion should be a function not only ofshear magnitude, but also of vortex strength. To validate the formula a set of idealized numerical experiments are conducted, with realistic wind profiles, in which the initial environmental winds are specified from the 6-hourly JMA global analyses for two major typhoon cases in 2004. It is found from the numerical study that the magnitude of wavenumber-one vertical motion, predicted by the formula, is much more strongly correlated with that of model-produced rainfall asymmetry, than the shear alone, suggesting that the vortex strength is one of the main factors determining the magnitude of shear-induced rainfall asymmetry. The results from the idealized simulations also suggest that vortex tilt would have only a minor contribution to the rainfall asymmetry in the inner-core region, at least for well-developed TCs.
Acoustic resonances and trapped modes in annular plate cascades

As a stepping stone towards understanding acoustic resonances in axial flow compressors, acoustic resonances are computed numerically in fixed single and tandem plate cascades in an infinitely long annular duct. Applying perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions in the form of the complex scaling method of atomic and molecular physics to approximate the radiation condition the resonance problem is transformed into an eigenvalue problem. Of particular interest are resonances with zero radiation damping (trapped modes) or very small radiation damping (nearly trapped modes). Such resonances can be excited by wakes from compressor cascades or struts. If the shedding frequency is sufficiently close to an acoustic resonant frequency, the latter may control the vortex shedding causing high-intensity tonal noise or occasionally even blade failure. All resonances are computed for zero mean flow approximating low-Mach-number flows. The influence of various cascade parameters on the resonant frequencies is studied and, whenever possible, our numerical results are compared with published experimental findings.
Room temperature photopumped laser operation of native‐oxide‐defined coupled GaAs–AlAs superlattice microrings

Data are presented on the room temperature photopumped laser operation of GaAs–AlAs superlattice microrings in single, coupled pair, and coupled hexagonal‐ring configurations. The lasers are fabricated from a GaAs–AlAs superlattice (Lz∼30 A, LB∼70 A) that is selectively disordered and deep oxidized (H2O vapor + N2) through its entire thickness to form high‐index‐ contrast planar microrings (11 μm o.d., 3 μm i.d.). Thresholds are ∼1.7×105 W/cm2 (∼150 mW, pump power) for single microrings and 4.3×105 W/cm2 for the pair and hexagonal‐ring geometries. Single, coupled pair, and even‐numbered coupled microrings arranged in a ‘‘ring’’ (circular) configuration exhibit multiple single modes or more typically twin modes at microring whispering‐gallery mode spacings. Microrings are of interest as basic elements in more extended photonic structures, and should be compatible with diode operation of micro lasers.
Polarization and angular effects of femtosecond laser-induced conical microstructures on Ni

In this paper, through femtosecond laser pulse irradiation with various polarizations and incident angles, we create arrays of nanostructure-covered conical microstructures (NC-CMs) on Ni. We show that the shape of CMs depends significantly on the polarization and incident angle of the laser beam, and find that the size of nanostructures is distributed asymmetrically on the CMs at off normal incidence. We suggest that nonuniform energy deposition owing to the polarization and the incident angle of laser beam plays an important role in the asymmetric nanostructure distribution and shape of CMs on Ni.
Variational Prototyping-Encoder: One-Shot Learning With Prototypical Images

In daily life, graphic symbols, such as traffic signs and brand logos, are ubiquitously utilized around us due to its intuitive expression beyond language boundary. We tackle an open-set graphic symbol recognition problem by one-shot classification with prototypical images as a single training example for each novel class. We take an approach to learn a generalizable embedding space for novel tasks. We propose a new approach called variational prototyping-encoder (VPE) that learns the image translation task from real-world input images to their corresponding prototypical images as a meta-task. As a result, VPE learns image similarity as well as prototypical concepts which differs from widely used metric learning based approaches. Our experiments with diverse datasets demonstrate that the proposed VPE performs favorably against competing metric learning based one-shot methods. Also, our qualitative analyses show that our meta-task induces an effective embedding space suitable for unseen data representation.
Some Exponential Decay Estimates for Thermoelastic Mixtures

This paper concerns the study of time-harmonic vibrations for some classes of homogeneous and isotropic thermoelastic mixtures for which the constitutive coefficients are supposed to satisfy some mild positive definiteness conditions. Introducing some appropriate measures, we evaluate the spatial decay behaviour, when the frequency of harmonic vibrations is lower than a certain critical value.
Do density waves trigger star formation

A comparison of B - V colors, blue and far-IR surface brightnesses, metallicities, and star formation rates calculated from H-alpha and UV fluxes reveals no difference in the average star formation rates for galaxies with and without grand design spiral structure. This implies that strong density waves do not trigger a significant excess of star formation compared to that in similar galaxies without a wave. Density waves organize the gas and young stars into spiral arms because of the flow pattern, and they may influence the formation and destruction of the largest cloud complexes, but they appear to contribute less than 50 percent to the overall star formation rate. 46 references.
On in situ 'calibration' of shipboard ADCPs

Abstract Methods for in situ calibration of acoustic-Doppler current profiles (ADCPs) are considered for measurement of absolute current profiles from a moving ship. Errors are of two types: sensitivity and alignment. Least square error estimates are given for experimental determination of both factors, for use in the “water track” or “bottom tracking” mode. Errors in the estimation of either factor may lead to large errors in derived water velocities, although the major contributions of the two factors arise from different sources and are approximately orthogonal to one another.
Power-Attenuated Optimization for Four-Wave Mixing-Based Wavelength Conversion in Silicon Nanowire Waveguides

Four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in silicon nanowire waveguides are numerically investigated by considering the power-attenuated phase-matched condition due to the linear loss and the nonlinear loss caused by two-photon absorption and free carrier absorption effects. The power-attenuated FWM is theoretically analyzed, and the influences of the linear and nonlinear losses on the wavelength conversion performance are evaluated. After analyzing the dependence of the conversion efficiency and bandwidth on the waveguide length and incident pump power, the global optimized solution is achieved by considering the conversion efficiency and bandwidth simultaneously. The optimization result is demonstrated to be tightly related to the linear and nonlinear losses in the silicon nanowire waveguides.
Analytic generators for one-parameter groups

The purpose of generator theory of one-parameter semi-groups and groups of operators is to establish a correspondence between these families of operators and a single mathematical object, in general an unbounded operator, we propose in the case of groups such a correspondence, based on analytical extension. It is proved that the "analytic generator" is closed (Theorem 2.4). We study the spectral properties of the "analytic generator" (Theorem 3.2 with its corollaries and Theorem 3.6) and give a representation formula for the group in terms of its "analytic generator" (Theorem 4.2). Spectral subspaces for the "analytic generator" are defined and it is shown (Corollary 5.7) that they coincide with the spectral subspaces associated by w. Arveson to an one-parameter group (see [1]). Finally, we examine two particular cases, obtaining also a new proof of Stone's representation theorem (Theorem 6.1). We remark that our results can be used in Tomita's theory of standard von Neumann algebras (see the remarks about [51 and [15] in the last section),
On the conditional expectation and convergence properties of random sets

In this paper we study random sets, with values in a separable Banach space. First we establish several useful properties of the set-valued conditional expectation and then prove some convergence theorems for set-valued amarts and uniform amarts, using the weak, Kuratowski-Mosco and Hausdorff modes of set convergence.