Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunological and molecular detection of Brucella abortus in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of livestock species, wild animals and human beings which causes birth of unthrifty newborn and orchitisepididymitis with frequent sterility in affected animals and undulant fever in human beings. In the present study a total of 73 serum samples were taken from buffaloes and bulls from organized as well as rural areas, eighteen of which had tested previously as positive samples by AB-ELISA. Out of these eighteen, four (22.22%) were found to be positive using dot-ELISA, while none of these were found to be positive with RBPT. For rest of the 55 samples both assays (RBPT and dot-ELISA) gave the same results: 12.72% of the samples were found to be positive; however, positivity was higher in case of dot-ELISA. In three (5.45%) out of seven positive samples Brucella specifi c DNA was detected in blood using PCR while in milk samples, no positive results were observed. The same results were observed through serological testing.
Adoption of Human Personality Development Theory Combined With Deep Neural Network in Entrepreneurship Education of College Students

In this research, the probability matrix factorization (PMF) algorithm was introduced to optimize the deep neural network algorithm model with the purpose of studying the application value of personality development theory and deep learning neural network in college students’ entrepreneurship psychological education courses. Based on the personality development theory, a recommendation algorithm system for entrepreneurial projects under optimized deep neural network was established. A total of 518 college students from several universities were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 259 students in each group. In addition to the normal courses of entrepreneurship psychology education, students in the experimental group were taught the entrepreneurship project recommendation system based on the optimized deep neural network designed in this research, while students in the control group were taught entrepreneurship psychology education normally. The intervention effect before and after entrepreneurship education was evaluated by the questionnaire of college students’ entrepreneurial intention and college students’ entrepreneurial mental resilience scale. The results demonstrate that the system recall rate and accuracy based on the algorithm in this research have been significantly higher than that of PMF algorithm and deep belief network (DBN) algorithm, and the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05); the mean square error (MSE) of the proposed algorithm is significantly smaller than that of PMF algorithm and DBN algorithm, and the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05); the improvement of entrepreneurial toughness, entrepreneurial strength, optimism, entrepreneurial possibility, and behavioral tendency of the experimental group after the test was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Therefore, compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed method for entrepreneurial projects based on the theory of personality development and the optimized deep neural network shows better performance, and it can effectively improve the entrepreneurial intention and psychological resilience of college students.
Towards resolving multiple recruitment into loliginid fisheries: Loligo gahi in the Falkland Islands fishery

Data on size structure and maturity of the commercially exploited Loligo gahi population in Falkland Island waters were collected by the Fisheries Department of the Falkland Islands Government for the years 1987–1991. Three methods were used to define the number of broods of squid recruiting to the commercial fishery each year. The three methods combined, using monthly data on mean size for each maturity stage, the relative proportions of each maturity stage in the population, and an application of the software package “MIX”, demonstrated that at least two, and more usually three, broods of squid recruit to the fishery each year. Squid recruit in February, April/May, and August/September. The data also showed that there are nearly always two broods present in the first commercial fishing season and usually two broods present in the second season, with overlap of the April/May recruits from the first to the second fishing season.
The first identified winter feeding ground of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Mediterranean Sea

The presence of fin whales in the Mediterranean Sea has been documented since ancient times. In spite of this, reliable information on their ecology and distribution is limited to the north-western part of the basin. Recent genetic studies have demonstrated that Mediterranean fin whales comprise a separate population with very limited gene flow with their North Atlantic co-specifics. Although both published and anecdotal information reports their presence in the south central Mediterranean during winter, there is no information on habitat use. In February 2004, a 14-day boat survey was carried out in the waters surrounding the island of Lampedusa, where fin whales occur at this time of the year. A total of 20 fin whale groups (average group size two animals) were encountered. In each encounter the animals were engaged in surface feeding activity. From plankton samples and underwater video, the prey species was identified as the Euphausiid, Nyctiphanes couchi. The information obtained suggests that this area may be an important winter feeding ground for fin whales. The results represent significant new information on fin whale ecology in the Mediterranean, with associated conservation and management implications.
Levodopa Changes Functional Connectivity Patterns in Subregions of the Primary Motor Cortex in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

Background The primary motor cortex (M1) is a critical node in Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related motor circuitry; however, the functional roles of its subregions are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated changes in the functional connectivity patterns of M1 subregions and their relationships to improved clinical symptoms following levodopa administration. Methods Thirty-six PD patients and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. A formal levodopa challenge test was conducted in the PD group, and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor section (UPDRS-III) was assessed before (off state) and 1 h after administration of levodopa (on state). The PD group underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in both off and on states, whereas the HC group was scanned once. We used the Human Brainnetome Atlas template to subdivide M1 into twelve regions of interest (ROIs). Functional connectivity (FC) was compared between PD on and off states [paired t-test, voxel-level p < 0.001, cluster-level p < 0.05, Gaussian random field (GRF) correction] and between patients and HC (two-sample t-test voxel-level p < 0.001, cluster-level p < 0.05). Correlations between ΔFC (differences in FC between PD off and on states) and clinical symptom improvements were examined. Results There was decreased FC between the right caudal dorsolateral area 6 and the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), the right upper limb region and the left medial dorsal thalamus (mdTHA), as well as increased FC between the left tongue and larynx region and the left medial frontal gyrus. ΔFC between the right caudal dorsolateral area 6 and ACC was positively correlated with improvements in UPDRS-III total scores as well as the rigidity (item 22) and bradykinesia (items 23–26 and 31) subscores. ΔFC between the right upper limb region and left thalamus was positively correlated with improvements in the left upper limb tremor (items 20c and 21b) and postural tremor (item 21b) subscores. Conclusions Our results reveal novel information regarding the underlying mechanisms in the motor circuits in the M1 and a promising way to explore the internal function of the M1 in PD patients. Notably, M1 is a potential therapeutic target in PD, and the exploration of its subregions provides a basis and a source of new insights for clinical intervention and precise drug treatment.
Demand or Supply? Price Adjustment During the Covid-19 Pandemic

We study price-setting behavior in German firm-level survey data to infer the relative importance of supply and demand during the Covid-19 pandemic. Supply and demand forces coexist, but demand shortages dominate in the short run. A reported negative impact of Covid-19 on current business is associated with a rise in the probability to decrease prices up to eleven percentage points. These results imply a role for aggregate demand stabilization policy to buffer the economic consequences of Covid-19 while containing the pandemic.
A Review on Treatment-Related Brain Changes in Aphasia

Abstract Numerous studies have investigated brain changes associated with interventions targeting a range of language problems in patients with aphasia. We strive to integrate the results of these studies to examine (1) whether the focus of the intervention (i.e., phonology, semantics, orthography, syntax, or rhythmic-melodic) determines in which brain regions changes occur; and (2a) whether the most consistent changes occur within the language network or outside, and (2b) whether these are related to individual differences in language outcomes. The results of 32 studies with 204 unique patients were considered. Concerning (1), the location of treatment-related changes does not clearly depend on the type of language processing targeted. However, there is some support that rhythmic-melodic training has more impact on the right hemisphere than linguistic training. Concerning (2), we observed that language recovery is not only associated with changes in traditional language-related structures in the left hemisphere and homolog regions in the right hemisphere, but also with more medial and subcortical changes (e.g., precuneus and basal ganglia). Although it is difficult to draw strong conclusions, because there is a lack of systematic large-scale studies on this topic, this review highlights the need for an integrated approach to investigate how language interventions impact on the brain. Future studies need to focus on larger samples preserving subject-specific information (e.g., lesion effects) to cope with the inherent heterogeneity of stroke-induced aphasia. In addition, recovery-related changes in whole-brain connectivity patterns need more investigation to provide a comprehensive neural account of treatment-related brain plasticity and language recovery.
Neural Components of Reading Revealed by Distributed and Symbolic Computational Models

Abstract Determining how the cognitive components of reading—orthographic, phonological, and semantic representations—are instantiated in the brain has been a long-standing goal of psychology and human cognitive neuroscience. The two most prominent computational models of reading instantiate different cognitive processes, implying different neural processes. Artificial neural network (ANN) models of reading posit nonsymbolic, distributed representations. The dual-route cascaded (DRC) model instead suggests two routes of processing, one representing symbolic rules of spelling–to–sound correspondence, the other representing orthographic and phonological lexicons. These models are not adjudicated by behavioral data and have never before been directly compared in terms of neural plausibility. We used representational similarity analysis to compare the predictions of these models to neural data from participants reading aloud. Both the ANN and DRC model representations corresponded to neural activity. However, the ANN model representations correlated to more reading-relevant areas of cortex. When contributions from the DRC model were statistically controlled, partial correlations revealed that the ANN model accounted for significant variance in the neural data. The opposite analysis, examining the variance explained by the DRC model with contributions from the ANN model factored out, revealed no correspondence to neural activity. Our results suggest that ANNs trained using distributed representations provide a better correspondence between cognitive and neural coding. Additionally, this framework provides a principled approach for comparing computational models of cognitive function to gain insight into neural representations.
The genomic footprint of coastal earthquake uplift

Theory suggests that catastrophic earth-history events can drive rapid biological evolution, but empirical evidence for such processes is scarce. Destructive geological events such as earthquakes can represent large-scale natural experiments for inferring such evolutionary processes. We capitalized on a major prehistoric (800 yr BP) geological uplift event affecting a southern New Zealand coastline to test for the lasting genomic impacts of disturbance. Genome-wide analyses of three co-distributed keystone kelp taxa revealed that post-earthquake recolonization drove the evolution of novel, large-scale intertidal spatial genetic ‘sectors’ which are tightly linked to geological fault boundaries. Demographic simulations confirmed that, following widespread extirpation, parallel expansions into newly vacant habitats rapidly restructured genome-wide diversity. Interspecific differences in recolonization mode and tempo reflect differing ecological constraints relating to habitat choice and dispersal capacity among taxa. This study highlights the rapid and enduring evolutionary effects of catastrophic ecosystem disturbance and reveals the key role of range expansion in reshaping spatial genetic patterns.
Trophic Economics of Lake Trout Management in Reservoirs of Differing Productivity

Because of their potential to reach large size, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush are managed as trophy fish in many reservoirs in the western United States. In Colorado, restrictive harvest regulations for lake trout were enacted in reservoirs exhibiting a range of productivities. Annual stockings of kokanee (lacustrine sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka) and rainbow trout O. mykiss sustained sport fisheries, but stocked fish also dominated the prey fish assemblages in these systems. Hydroacoustic surveys suggested that lake trout management allowed an imbalance to develop between prey fish biomass and the biomass of piscivorous lake trout. Piscivorous fish biomass was, on average, 60% of total pelagic fish biomass. Bioenergetics modeling confirmed the imbalance: annual lake trout consumption was near or exceeded annual pelagic prey fish supply (standing stock plus production); the degree of imbalance was greater in less productive reservoirs. Annual subsidies to the food web, in the form of stocked sport fish, were necessary to allow the imbalance between predator and prey populations to persist, especially in the least-productive systems. Though highly sensitive to the size at which hatchery fish are consumed, the per capita costs to sustain lake trout growth at observed levels would total about US$200 per lake trout in the more productive reservoirs and $300-600 per lake trout in the less productive reservoirs. The cost of maintaining high lake trout biomass in these stocked systems may be a difficult management strategy to justify and sustain, either economically or socially. Trophic economics is a term coined by Ney (1990) to describe the relationship between prey resource supply and consumer demand. Ney's the- ses were that (1) sport fish production is often limited by food supply, (2) a variety of methods exist to quantify predator-prey relationships in fisheries, and (3) fishery managers' actions should maintain some balance between predator con- sumption demand and prey supply. Failure to man- age within the constraints dictated by ecosystem productivity and sport fish food supply threatens the ecological integrity of the ecosystem and re- sults in expensive and ultimately unsustainable management programs. In practice, trophic economics has been an un- derlying tenet of fishery management for decades. Swingle (1950) was perhaps the first fishery sci- entist to attempt to balance piscivorous sport fish and their prey in ponds for the purpose of manip- ulating growth rates and size structure of large- mouth bass Micropterus salmoides and bluegills Lepomis macrochirus.More recently, trophic eco-
The Impact of Product and Labour Market Reform on Growth: Evidence for OECD Countries Based on Local Projections

This paper examines the impact of labour and product market reforms on economic growth in 25 OECD countries between 1985 and 2013, and tests whether this impact is conditioned by the fiscal policy stance, i.e. whether there are fiscal expansions or adjustments. Our local projection results suggest that controlling for endogeneity of reforms and the stance of fiscal policy is crucial. To control for endogeneity, we use the Augmented Inverse Probability Weighted estimator. Our results suggest that product market reforms mostly cause slight negative growth, except when implemented during periods of neutral fiscal policy. Labour market reforms hurt growth under tight and neutral fiscal policy but are conducive to economic growth if introduced during periods of expansionary fiscal policy.
NEW RECORDS OF FISH-PARASITIC ISOPODS (CYMOTHOIDAE) IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC (GALÁPAGOS AND COSTA RICA)

Brusca (1981) published a monograph of the fish-parasitic isopods (Cymothoidae) of eastern pacific fishes. We have observed and collected additional samples of cymothoid isopods from this region. Anilocra meridionalis Richardson is tentatively synonomized with Anilocra gigantea (Herklots), and the latter species is reported in the eastern Pacific for the first time. Three new host records and two new family records for Nerocila californica Schioedte and Meinert from the Galapagos Islands, and two new host records for Cymothoa exigua Schioedte and Meinert from Costa Rica are noted. Fish hosts and their associated isopods in the Galapagos Islands were observed underwater; those in Costa Rica were collected with fish traps. Isopod specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol individually in vials for each host specimen. All isopod specimens collected were deposited in the U.S. National Parasite Collection (USNPC), Beltsville, Maryland, USA. ANILOCRA GIGANTEA (HERKLOTS, 1870)
On-Target Anti-TGF-β Therapies Are Not Succeeding in Clinical Cancer Treatments: What Are Remaining Challenges?

Metastasis is the leading cause of death for cancer patients. During cancer progression, the initial detachment of cells from the primary tumor and the later colonization of a secondary organ are characterized as limiting steps for metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are opposite dynamic multistep processes that enable these critical events in metastasis by altering the phenotype of cancer cells and improving their ability to migrate, invade and seed at distant organs. Among the molecular pathways that promote tumorigenesis in late-stage cancers, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is described as an EMT master inducer by controlling different genes and proteins related to cytoskeleton assembly, cell-cell attachment and extracellular matrix remodeling. Still, despite the successful outcomes of different TGF-β pharmacological inhibitors in cell culture (in vitro) and animal models (in vivo), results in cancer clinical trials are poor or inconsistent at least, highlighting the existence of crucial components in human cancers that have not been properly explored. Here we review most recent findings to provide perspectives bridging the gap between on-target anti-TGF-β therapies in vitro and in pre-clinical models and the poor clinical outcomes in treating cancer patients. Specifically, we focus on (i) the dual roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer metastasis; (ii) dynamic signaling; (iii) functional differences of TGF-β free in solution vs. in exosomes; (iv) the regulatory effects of tumor microenvironment (TME) – particularly by cancer-associated fibroblasts – on TGF-β signaling pathway. Clearly identifying and establishing those missing links may provide strategies to revitalize and clinically improve the efficacy of TGF-β targeted therapies.
A Literature Review of Social and Economic Leader–Member Exchange

Leader–member exchange (LMX) research has increasingly relied upon the social exchange theory (SET) as a theoretical foundation, but the dominating way of measuring LMX has not followed this theoretical development (Gottfredson et al., 2020). With the aim of developing a measure that more coherently reflects SET, Kuvaas et al. (2012) conceptualized LMX as two qualitatively different relationships, labeled economic LMX and social LMX. Since the most applied LMX measures are under scrutiny for not being sufficiently grounded in theory (Gottfredson et al., 2020), it may be especially important to expose alternative measures. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive review of the research to date applying a two-dimensional approach to LMX, while also adding to interpretation and suggestions for how we can progress the field even further.
Differential Role of Smad2 and Smad3 in the Acquisition of an Endovascular Trophoblast-Like Phenotype and Preeclampsia

During placental development, cytotrophoblast progenitor cells differentiate into the syncytiotrophoblast and invasive extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). Some EVTs further differentiate into endovascular trophoblasts (enEVTs) which exhibit endothelial-like properties. Abnormal placental development, including insufficient enEVT-mediated remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries, is thought to be a precipitating factor in the onset of preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder. Several members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, such as TGF-βs, Nodal, and Activin have been reported to either promote or inhibit the invasive EVT pathway. These ligands signal through serine/threonine receptor complexes to activate downstream signaling mediators, Smad2 and Smad3. In this study, we determined Smad2 and Smad3 expression pattern in placenta and their effects on trophoblast invasion and differentiation. Total Smad2/3 levels were relatively constant across gestation while the ratio of active phosphorylated forms to their total levels varied with gestational stages, with a higher pSmad2/total Smad2 in later gestation and a higher pSmad3/total Smad3 in early gestation. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that pSmad3 was localized in nuclei of EVTs in anchoring villi. On the other hand, pSmad2 was mostly absent in this invasive EVT population. In addition, pSmad3/total Smad3, but not pSmad2/total Smad2, was significantly lower in both early onset and late onset PE cases, as compared to gestational age-matched controls. Functional studies carried out using a first trimester trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, and first trimester human placental explants showed that Smad2 and Smad3 had differential roles in the invasive pathway. Specifically, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Smad2 resulted in an increase in trophoblast invasion and an upregulation of mRNA levels of enEVT markers while the opposite was observed with Smad3 knockdown. In addition, Smad2 siRNA accelerated the EVT outgrowth in first trimester placental explants while the Smad3 siRNA reduced the outgrowth of EVTs when compared to the control. Furthermore, knockdown of Smad2 enhanced, whereas overexpression of Smad2 suppressed, the ability of trophoblasts to form endothelial-like networks. Conversely, Smad3 had opposite effects as Smad2 on network formation. These findings suggest that Smad2 and Smad3 have opposite functions in the acquisition of an enEVT-like phenotype and defects in Smad3 activation are associated with PE.