Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composition and functionality of wheat bran and its application in some cereal food products

Summary Production of wheat bran (WB) for human consumption is estimated to be about 90 million tonnes per year. WB is a cheap and abundant source of dietary fibre which has been linked to improved bowel health and possible prevention of some diseases such as colon cancer. It also contains minerals, vitamins and bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, arabinoxylans, alkylresorcinol and phytosterols. These compounds have been suggested as an aid in prevention of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. This article discusses WB extraction, its nutritional properties, potential health benefits, effects on quality and sensory properties of some cereal foods, and its application in some baked products as well as in fried cereal snacks, as an additive for oil reduction and fibre enrichment.
First Steps in Using Glucomannan to Make Thermostable Gels for Potential Use in Mince Fish Reestructuration

A methodology for making thermostable konjac glucomannan (KGM) gels was examined with a view to eventual use with fish mince to make restructured products. A gelation method was developed with 3 and 6 % (w/v) aqueous dispersions of glucomannan (ADG) by adding alkali v/v (NaOH or KOH) up to pH 11.8- 12 and then allowing it to set (1 hr at 30ºC and 4 hrs at 5ºC). Both 3 and 6 % are suitable concentrations and KOH and NaOH (at 0.6 and 1M) are the most suitable alkalis for deacetylation of the glucomannan at pH 11.8- 12.0.
A Novel Method for Obtaining a High-Concentration Chitosan Solution and Preparing a High-Strength Chitosan Hollow-Fiber Membrane with an Excellent Adsorption Capacity

The biopolymer chitosan (CS) has been widely studied for various environmental and biomedical applications. However, the production of homogeneous CS solutions with high concentrations and the preparation of CS hollow-fiber membranes with high mechanical strengths for practical applications have been a great challenge so far. In this study, a novel dilute-dissolution and evaporating-concentration method was developed to allow highly concentrated homogeneous CS solutions to be easily prepared (up to 18 wt % as compared to ≤5 wt % prepared by the conventional method). CS hollow-fiber membranes prepared from high-concentration CS solutions showed greatly improved mechanical strengths (with tensile strengths up to 3.4 MPa), comparable to or even better than other hollow fibers made from many conventional industrial synthetic polymers. The prepared hollow-fiber membranes were found to possess very high adsorption capacities for heavy-metal ions (up to 206.6 mg of Cu2+/g of CS fiber at pH 5), which were attributed to the low crystallinity of CS and the porous structure achieved in the hollow-fiber membranes. As a potential application example, the performance of the prepared hollow fibers for the adsorption of copper ions in real wastewater from a wafer fabrication factory in Singapore was also examined. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Variation of Aerosol Optical Properties over the Taklimakan Desert in China

The aerosol optical properties at the center of the Taklimakan Desert in Northwest China are investigated based on the measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent from 2004 to 2008. A seasonal variation is found with high AOD and low Angstrom exponent values in spring and summer, due to the effect of dust storm events, and low AOD in autumn and winter. The maximum and minimum AOD occur in April (0.83 ± 0.41) and November (0.19 ± 0.10), respectively, with the maximum and minimum Angstrom exponent in January (0.70 ± 0.25) and May (0.09 ± 0.06), respectively. The diurnal variation of AOD (Angstrom exponent) shows the characteristic of high (low) values about 0.50– 0.60 in the morning and evening, and is constant around 0.40 during daytime. The relationship between AOD and the Angstrom exponent can be fitted by a power equation with a R 2 of 0.55. The frequency distributions of AOD and the Angstrom exponent occurrence probability have a single peak distribution, and can be well fitted by a two-mode distribution.
Physical interpretation of the blue shift of spectra obtained by corona discharge in liquid helium

We discuss the major importance of temperature and perturber density in the broadening and shift of the He 706 nm triplet 3s-2p transition within a unified line shape semi-classical theory which contains the impact as well the quasistatic limits. In a previous paper we presented the first calculations of He-He collisional profiles for this transition using ab-initio molecular potentials. The excellent agreement between our theoretical determination of the near wing of the line profiles and reported experimental spectra of a corona discharge in gaseous He at 300 K established the validity of our interpretation of the spectra and the accuracy of the interaction potentials. In liquid He, the experimental line profiles are formed under conditions where two or more perturbers are likely to act simultaneously. Such phenomena determine the character of a spectral line at high perturber density. In this work we show that it is possible to determine the physical conditions of temperature and pressure from the experimental spectra of an electric discharge in liquid He. We show that at 4 K the theoretical line shift is negative in disagreement with an incorrect analysis reported in a recent paper and also presented at this conference.
Hybridization of the multimode equivalent network approach for the analysis of a "realistic" finite array of open ended waveguides

In this contribution we present a theoretical model for the analysis of finite arrays of open-ended waveguides on finite supporting structures and/or radome coverages. This model is based on a multi-mode equivalent network (MEN) [G.Gerini, M. Guglielmi, G. Lastoria, Efficient Integral Equation Formulation for Admittance or Impedance Representation of Planar Waveguide Junctions] representation of the radiating waveguides with their tuning elements and a high frequency approach of the external region. The accessible ports given by the multi-mode network connecting the antenna with the feeding waveguides offers the possibility of optimizing the structure looking both at the radiation characteristics of the antenna as well as at the matching network in the waveguides.
Direct Synthesis of Imines via Solid State Reactions of Carbamates with Aldehydes

Various solid carbamates were prepared from the reactions of liquid amines with carbon di- oxide in an autoclave and these carbamates were used as stable, efficient alternatives for toxic liquid amines. Solid-state grinding of carbamates and alde- hydes, using a mortar and pestle, produced imines as the sole products in greater than 97% yields. Complete conversions were generally accomplished within a day at 258C without using solvents or addi- tives. Reaction rates were drastically enhanced upon increasing the reaction temperature. In con- trast, reactions of aldehydes with liquid amines in the presence of solvent or in neat conditions afford- ed imines in moderate yields along with by-prod- ucts.
Studies of new phosphothreonine complexes formed in binary and ternary systems including biogenic amines and copper(II)

Binary and ternary systems of copper(II) with O-phospho-L-threonine (Thr-P) and biogenic amines (putrescine or spermidine or spermine) have been investigated. The studies were performed in aqueous solution. Overall stability constants of the complexes were determined by pH-metric study and the coordination sites were identified by 31P NMR, visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Results of the equilibrium and spectral studies have shown that in the phosphothreonine binary system Cu(HThr-P), Cu(Thr-P) and Cu(Thr-P)(OH) are formed. In the binary system at low pH, only the phosphate group is involved in coordination but at higher pH, the efficiency of −PO4 2− is low and the amine and carboxylate are the main sites of coordination. Formation of complexes was established in ternary systems with all bioamines studied. In these systems the reaction centers of phosphothreonine are the same as in the binary systems: phosphate, carboxylate and amine. Additionally, amine groups from the polyamines (PAs) are involved in the complex formation. Besides the heteroligand complexes with intermolecular interactions, also molecular complexes with the protonated bioamine in the outer coordination sphere appeared. In these molecular species, PA was involved in non-covalent interactions with the anchoring phospho-threonine complex.
Treatment of wastewater from the meat manufacturing industry‐case study

Meat manufacturing mill wastewaters (MMM) originating from meat processing units are the most polluted wastewaters of the food industry. Discharged wastewater was characterized by high values of COD, BOD and TSS (6612, 2550 and 6220) mg/l, respectively. Moreover, the wastewater contains significant concentrations of oil and grease amounting to 4482 mg/l. Treatment processes namely, plain sedimentation, plain flotation, pressurized dissolved air flotation, chemical coagulation and biological treatment via a completely mixed activated sludge process, were chosen for this study. The results obtained revealed that plain sedimentation, column flotation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) exhibited good efficiency in removing flotation fats (93.5, 96, and 97.3%, respectively). Alum, ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride precipitation in‐combination with lime at their optimum operating conditions as minimal pre‐treatment procedures for the removal of organic matter contents exhibited good efficiency of COD, BOD, and.
Analysis of polynuclear aromatic and aliphatic components in soil humic acids using ruthenium tetroxide oxidation

Although condensed aromatic components are considered to be one of the major structural units of soil humic acids (HAs) and to be responsible for the dark colour of HAs, their amount and composition remain largely unknown. In ruthenium tetroxide oxidation (RTO), condensed aromatic components are detectable as their degradation products, mainly benzenepolycarboxylic acids (BPCAs). We applied this technique to soil HAs with various degrees of humification (darkening). The yields of water‐ and dichloromethane‐soluble products from HAs upon RTO after methylation ranged from 210 to 430 mg g−1 and 10–40 mg g−1, respectively. Eight kinds of BPCAs with two to six carboxyl groups, and seven kinds of BPCAs with additional side chains (tentative assignment) were obtained as methylated counterparts. The yield of each BPCA and the sum of the yields of BPCAs (12–85 mg g−1 HAs) increased with increasing degree of humification and aromatic C content. The compositions of BPCAs indicated that the degree of condensation was greater in the HAs with greater degrees of humification. The sum of the yields of aliphatic compounds ranged from 0.1 to 6.5 mg g−1, and decreased with increasing degree of humification. The C12 to C30 monocarboxylic acid methyl esters accounted for > 56% of the aliphatic compounds assigned, which may be present mainly as end alkyl groups in the HA molecules. We also obtained the methylated counterparts of C14 to C24 dicarboxylic acids; these were possibly derived from polymethylene bridges between adjacent aromatic rings.
Phase equilibria in high-pressure polyethylene technology

This is a review of the phase equilibria in supercritical monomer solutions of ethylene homopolymers and copolymers, such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), poly(ethylene-co-methacrylate) (EMA), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA), poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA), and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA). The knowledge of such phase equilibria underlies the high-pressure polyethylene (HPPE) technology. The ability to estimate such phase equilibria allows for smooth and robust process optimization during grade transitions. This is important because the HPPE technology makes it possible to minimize the product cross-contamination and, hence, to make higher-value, fluctuating-demand speciality polymers. Experimental data, phase diagrams, and patterns of phase disengagement presented in this paper are related to the reactor system, the high-pressure separator (HPS), and the high-pressure recycle system. These data and diagrams are used to characterize the monomer-polymer miscibility defined as a cloud point transition. The cloud point pressures in such systems are found to depend on thermodynamic parameters, such as temperature and composition, and on the dissimilarity between the polymer and the monomer. This dissimilarity is characterized in terms of the differences in molecular weight and density (e.g., for LDPE and LLDPE), in polarity (e.g., for EVA and EMA), and in association (e.g., for EAA and EMAA)
Avaliação química, físico-química e microbiológica de sucos de frutas integrais: abacaxi, caju e maracujá

SUMMARY CHEMICAL, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MICROBOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SINGLE STRENGHT FRUIT JUICES: PINEAPPLE, CASHEW APPLE AND PASSION. Fifteen samples of juices of fruits, five of pineapple, five of cashew apple, and five of passion fruit from five different brands were analyzed for the chemical, physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. All samples were inside of the limits established by the Brazilian legislation to chemical, physico-chemical and microbiological parameters.
Optimisation of multiple time-step hybrid Monte Carlo Wang–Landau simulations in the isobaric–isothermal ensemble for the determination of phase equilibria

We discuss the optimisation as well as the convergence of a recently developed molecular simulation method using a Wang–Landau sampling scheme, combined with multiple time-step hybrid Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the isothermal–isobaric ensemble, to determine vapour–liquid equilibria. This method has the advantage of being simple to use, as only a single simulation run at a given temperature directly gives the coexistence properties, and of being transferable to any kind of fluid, since the method is readily applicable to any molecular architecture. We apply this method to two branched alkanes, isopentane and isobutane, and discuss how we optimise the various simulation parameters. The vapour–liquid coexistence curve as well as the critical point obtained in this work are in excellent agreement with those found experimentally and in previous work using a combination of the Gibbs ensemble MC method with the configurational bias technique.
Infrared Difference Spectra of the Intermediates L, M, N, and O of the Bacteriorhodopsin Photoreaction Obtained by Time-Resolved Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy

Attenuated total reflection spectroscopy, where precise control of external parameters is feasible, was combined with the step-scan technique, which provides time-resolved Fourier transform-infrared spectra with microsecond time resolution. The advantages of this new approach were demonstrated by analyzing the photoreaction of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (BR). By variation of temperature and pH clear-cut separation of the intermediate states L, M, N, and O, was achieved while previous infrared studies failed to separate the O intermediate in the wild-type. Therefore, we focused on a detailed description of the O−BR difference spectrum. It was proved that the major changes in secondary structure of BR are reversed in the N to O transition. Bands at 1432 and 1448 cm-1 were tentatively assigned to CH3 deformation vibrations of the retinal chromophore in the O state. At 1713 cm-1 the protonation of a carboxylic amino acid during the lifetime of O was observed. In addition to the wild-type data, the.
Density profiles of pyrolite and MORB compositions across the 660 km seismic discontinuity

Precise density changes across 660 km seismic discontinuity have been determined for pyrolite and mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) compositions at 1873 K at high pressures using a combination of in situ X-ray diffraction on unit cell measurements and chemical composition analyses on the recovered products, using a multiple sample chamber cell assembly. Density jump for the post-spinel transformation in pyrolite was determined to be ∼9%, which is comparable to that of PREM. The density of MORB is found to be lower than that of pyrolite at the depths of ∼590–680 km (using Anderson's equation of state for Au), however, it becomes denser than the pyrolite below ∼680 km. The density cross-over region at ∼590–680 km may contribute to the stagnation of subducted slabs near the 660 km discontinuity, as suggested by seismological observations as well as earlier experimental studies based on quench experiments and extrapolated in situ X-ray measurements.
Effects of spatial heterogeneity and subsample pooling on the measurement of abiotic and biotic soil properties in rainforest, pasture and reforested sites

Spatial variability presents a challenge for effective measurement of ecological processes in soil ecosystems. This study characterized the heterogeneity of seven different biotic and abiotic soil properties at three ecological scales: land‐use type (vegetation type), site (scale of km to tens of km, and subplot (10–30 m). We addressed three questions about soil properties: (i) Do they differ more at any ecological scale when compared with other scales? (ii) Does physically combining samples from replicate subplots affect their measurement? (iii) What are the implications of this variation for the detection of differences caused by changing land‐use? There were five land‐use types: remnant rainforest, pasture, ecological restoration plantings 10–15 yrs old, 40–50 yrs regrowth dominated by the non‐native tree camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) and rainforest regrowth 3–6 yrs after poisoning of camphor trees within older regrowth. Sites were interspersed within a 750 km2 region of subtropical Eastern Australia. In general, variability was greatest at the site and subplot levels. Soil water content, soil organic matter and pH were less variable than total organic carbon, microbial biomass, nitrate and nitrification. Power analyses using total organic carbon and nitrate showed that adequate replication at both site and subplot levels was important for detecting effects of land‐use type, although increased replication was slightly more effective for subplots than for sites. Subplot spacing was relatively unimportant. Physically combining subplot samples to yield one aggregate measurement per site was successful in reducing analytical effort without sacrificing accuracy for all soil properties except total organic carbon and nitrification.
Theory and Experiment of In Ga As P and In Ga Al As Long-Wavelength Strained Quantum-Well Lasers

We present a comprehensive model for the calcu- lation of the bandedge profile of both the In Ga As P and In Ga Al As quantum-well systems with an arbitrary composition. Using a many-body optical gain model, we compare the measured net modal gain for both material systems with calculations from the realistic band structure including valence band mixing effects. Calibrated measurements of the side light spontaneous emission spectrum based on its fundamental relation to the optical gain spectrum give values for the radiative current density. These measurements allow us to extract the relationship between total current density and carrier density. A fit of this relation yields values for the Auger coefficient for each material system. In this paper, we present a comprehensive model for the calculation of the band structure of samples made of either of these systems with an arbitrary composition. Then, using a many-body model for the optical gain and spontaneous emission, we compare the model to experimental data for each material system. Also, from simultaneous measurements of both the spontaneous emission spectrum from the side of the lasers and the gain spectrum from the facet emission, we are able to compare the relative contributions of the different recombination mechanisms in each laser system. In Section II, we present our model for the calculation of the bandedge of each material system and the quantum-well (QW) band edge discontinuities, followed by the model for the optical gain and spontaneous emission. In Section III, we describe the structure of the lasers as well as our experimental measurements. Section IV describes the comparison of the optical gain data with calculations using our model, and the extraction of the relative contributions of the recombination mechanisms in each system. Finally, a brief conclusion is given in Section V.
Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Leaf Extract of Diospyros malabarica (desr.) Kostel and its Antibacterial Activity Against Human Pathogenic Gram Negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using higher plants is an emerging area of research in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The present investigation reports a simple eco-friendly method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. Leaf extract serve as a source of reducing and capping agents. 1 mM solution of silver nitrate was treated with the aqueous extract of leaf leading to the formation of Ag-NPs was observed visually by change in color from colorless to brown color reaction mixture and confirmed by the surface Plasmon resonance peak at 417 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopy. Further, reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. FTIR data reveals the possible functional group of biomolecules involved in the bioreduction and capping for efficient stabilization of Ag-NPs. Atomic force microscopy and High resolution transmission electron microscopy studies showed that the spherical shape silver nanoparticles with size ranges from 10 nm to 50 nm. Finally, biogenic silver nanoparticles tested for antimicrobial activity they showed good zone of inhibition against E. coil and P. aeruginosa.
Polarization and space charge behavior of unaged and electrically aged crosslinked polyethylene

The behavior of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) for HV cable insulation under electrical stress is discussed in the paper, referring to specimens unaged and electrically aged. Polarization and space charge features are considered. The behavior of the examined insulation is evaluated through the 'universal' model for polarization and space-charge associated quantities, such as the dc threshold for space charge build up and the total charge accumulated into insulation. It is shown that aging affects the magnitude and the frequency of low and intermediate frequency polarization peaks, as well as the magnitude of accumulated space charge and threshold. Charge injected or formed in the bulk, as well as microstructural modifications, could explain changes of polarization and space charge magnitude with aging.
Electron Beam Induced Impurity Electro-Migration in Unintentionally Doped GaN

Electron beam induced electromigration of ON + and H impurities in unintentionally n-doped GaN was investigated using cathodoluminescence (CL) kinetics profiling, CL imaging of regions pre-irradiated with a stationary electron beam, and wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometry (WDS). The presented results (i) illustrate induced impurity diffusion in wide bandgap semiconductors, (ii) provide experimental evidence for the (VGa-ON) 2model of yellow luminescence in GaN with low Si content, (iii) confirm the roles of O in frequently reported bound exciton and donor-acceptor pair emissions and (iv) suggest the involvement of ON + and hydrogenated gallium vacancies in a blue emission in autodoped GaN.