Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BOVIN MASTITIS: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND MAJOR PATHOGENS IN THE SIDAMO ZONE SNNPRS, ETHIOPIA

A cross sectional study was conducted from September 2010 to August 2011 on small holder dairy farms to determined the bovine mastitis prevalence, risk factors and major pathogens in urban and peri-urban areas of Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia. 161 Farmers addressed through using semi-structured questionnaires regarding the different potential risk factors and 96 dairy cows used for clinical, subclinical and laboratory examination. Both subclinical and clinical bovine mastitis were observed in the study areas; the more prevalent was subclinical mastitis 42.7%. 2(2.08%), and the lower was clinical mastitis (2.08%). In this study, there was a significant differences (P<0.05) between lactating cows at different location, breed and lactation stages; however, there was no significant differences (P>0.05) between lactating cows with parity and age. Of 384 quarters examined, 5(1.3 %) were blind teats and 71(18.4%) quarters showed evidence of infection of mastitis. Although the dairy farm owners have some awareness about mastitis, still now it’s continuing as devastating disease. The milk samples collected from california mastitis test positive were subjected to microbiological examination and then many bacterial species were isolated such as: Staphylococcus aureus (21.1%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (17.3%) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (13.5%), klebsiella (13.5%), Micrococcus species (9.6%), Staphylococcus hyecus (7.7%), Aracnobacterium pyogen (5.7%), Escherichia coli (3.8%), Enterobacter species (3.8%) and Bacillus cereus (3.8%). This study showed that mastitis is the problem of dairy cows in the study areas; this disease associated with herd management system, drainage, floor types and level, milking procures and manure removal schedule and the major isolates that were contagious pathogens. Therefore, hygienic milking practice, milking order, hygienic of the utensils used for milking practice, proper manure removal and housing and management improvements are some of the important procedures which need attention while the prevention of the disease. Before treatment, susceptibility testing for the isolated microorganisms is very vital in controlling strategy.
Impact of American diabetes association criteria on the frequency of impaired fasting glucose

In 2003 the American diabetes association (ADA) suggested to lower diagnostic criteria for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) from 110mg/dl (6.1mmol/l) to 100mg/dl (5.6mmol/l). However the World Health Organization (WHO) remains to maintain lowered threshold criteria as 110mg/dl due to a lack of evidence of any benefit in terms of reducing progression to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of ADA criteria with respect to the frequency of IFG. Institutional based cross sectional study from December 2012 to February 2013 was conducted to assess the impact of the ADA diagnostic criteria in prevalence of IFG. 422 subjects from five institutions at Bishoftu town were involved. Blood sample after fasting for >8 hours was collected and serum was assayed for glucose. Prevalence of IFG showed that the ADA diagnostic criteria increased the prevalence of IFG from 15. 4% to 45.3% compared with the current WHO criteria. The proposed diagnostic criteria for IFG by ADA will lead to a dramatic increase in the prevalence of IFG. Therefore further studies are needed to evaluate the change of the frequency in nationwide and among various sample populations along with the benefits as compared to WHO criteria.
Combined Efficacy of Antibiotics and Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles from Streptomyces Albaduncus

Nanotechnology is an important field of modern research dealing with the design, synthesis, and manipulation of particles. Antibiotic resistant pathogens pose an enormous threat to the treatment of wide range of serious infections. Antibiotics in combination with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles minimize the antibiotic doses to cure the dreaded diseases. Actinomycetes are prolific producers of antibiotic and yield over two –third of naturally occurring antibiotics. In this study, Silver nanoparticles were bio-synthesized by extracellular method using Streptomyces albaduncus sp [MTCC-924], a member of actinomycetes. The produced silver nanoparticles were confirmed using Visible UV Spectrophotometer (UV) and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The UV Spectrophotometer revealed the formation of silver nanoparticles by yielding silver plasmon absorption maxima at 440 nm and SEM micrograph indicates the uniform spherical particles at the size range of 40 to 60 nm. The FTIR confirmed the presence of proteins as the stabilizing agent surrounding the silver nanoparticle. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the particle height, average roughness of the particle. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Streptomyces albaduncus (MTCC-924) were also evaluated for their synergistic effect with antibiotics against the MTCC pathogens. The antibacterial efficacy of various antibiotics was found to be enhanced in the combination of silver nanoparticles.
Comparative Study of Four Supervised Machine Learning Techniques for Classification

A comparative study of four well-known supervised machine learning techniques namely; Decision Tree, K-Nearest-Neighbor, Artificial-Neural-Network and Support Vector Machine has been conducted. This paper concentrated on the key ideas of each technique and its advantages and disadvantages. Practical application has been conducted at the end of the study to compare their performance. Some measures have been used for evaluating their performance, such as sensitivity and specificity. This study had shown that there is no one measure can provide everything about the classifier performance and there is no such classifier that can satisfy all the criterion.
Upper Airway Obstruction in a Resource Poor

Background: Upper airway obstruction had been in existence for a long time, it requires urgent and effective management to prevent severe complications and even fatality. This study determined the prevalence of upper airway obstruction as seen in Port Harcourt Nigeria. It also highlighted the etiological factors and management outcome. Patients and Methods: A retrospective case series of all patients who presented to the department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgery of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Kinx Medical Consultants hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, with features of upper airway obstruction from January 2000 to December 2016. Patient records were analyzed for demographic data, clinical profile, etiological factors of upper airway obstruction, investigations done and management outcome. Results: A total of 560 patients were found to have upper airway obstruction within the study period out of 15,280 patients who presented to both hospitals giving us a prevalence of 3.66%. There were 324 males and 236 females with M: F ratio of 1.4: 1. The age range was 5 days to 75 years with a mean of 10.64 (SD ± 6.74) years. Age group 0-5 years accounted for majority (n=285, 50.89%) of the cases. Foreign bodies in the larynx ranked highest (n=188, 33.57 %) as an etiological factor. The commonest procedure done to relief upper airway obstruction was tracheostomy (n=275, 49.11%) and there were no mortality associated with the methods/procedures employed to relief the obstruction in our series. Conclusion: Upper airway obstruction still poses a major management challenge in our environment. Impaction of foreign bodies in the larynx ranked highest as etiological factor. Tracheostomy still remains the commonest procedure done to relief upper airway obstruction in our setting. To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with upper airway obstruction, prompt diagnosis and management of upper airway obstruction should be practiced by all medical personnel. However, public enlightenment campaign should be carried out routinely to help curb the menace posed by most of the identified etiological factors.
ML-SRHWT: Machine Learning based Superlative Rapid HAAR Wavelet Transformation for Digital Image Coding

: In this paper a digital image coding technique called ML-SRHWT (Machine Learning based image coding by Superlative Rapid HAAR Wavelet Transform) has been introduced. Compression of digital image is done using the model Superlative Rapid HAAR Wavelet Transform (SRHWT). The Least Square Support vector Machine regression predicts hyper coefficients obtained by using QPSO model. The mathematical models are discussed in brief in this paper are SRHWT, which results in good performance and reduces the complexity compared to FHAAR and EQPSO by replacing the least good particle with the new best obtained particle in QPSO. On comparing the ML-SRHWT with JPEG and JPEG2000 standards, the former is considered to be the better.
Perception of Health Care Providers, Patient’s Families and Patients Towards Family Presence During Invasive Procedures in Emergency Care Units

Family presence is constant with nursing's holistic view of patient and the basic tents of comprehensive needs of patients and their families across the care continuum. Family presence is most commonly defined as "the presence of family in the patient care, in a location that affords visual or physical contact with the patient during invasive procedures. Because family member often bring patients to the emergency department, the family member are becoming a part of the treatment process. Aim: to describe the perception of physicians, nurses, patients' family members and patients toward presence of patient’s family members during invasive procedure in emergency care units. Method: the study was carried out on different emergency care units of Tanta University Emergency Hospital. The sample consisted of 100 ofboth nurses and physicians, and 200 from both patients and patient's families' members. Three tools were developed and used to collect data, tool one was used to assess health care providers opinion regarding the presence of the patient’s family members during invasive procedures, tool two was developed to gather information from patient regarding their perception of the presence of their family members during invasive procedures and tool three was developed to collect information from patient’s family members regarding their presence with their patients during invasive procedures. Data were collected from June to November 2010.The results revealed that nearly less than half about 43% of physician and 48% of nurses in our study allowed or preferred the presence of patient's family during invasive procedures while majority of patients 77.5% and patients 'family 87% preferred their presence during the procedures and most of them preferred written policies allowing their presents during the procedures. Conclusions and recommendationsPatient, and patient's family members had a positive attitude toward family presence during invasive procedures. Nurse had a more favorable attitude toward family presence than physician do. The study recommended that health care providers should offer patient's family member the option to remain with their patient during invasive procedures if it is possible. [AfafA.Basal, Om Ebrahim A. Al Sai, Hend M. Elazazy. Perception of Health Care Providers, Patient’s Families and Patients Towards Family Presence During Invasive Procedures in Emergency Care Units. J Am Sci 2012;8(11):152-161]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 22
A Comparative Study of Thermodynamic Properties 0f Pure Graphene and H-Bn Sheet Focusing on Contribution from Planar and Flexural Modes

Graphene is the name given to a monolayer of graphite which was discovered in year 2004 when few layered graphene sheet was mechanically exfoliated from pyrolytic graphite by KS Novoselov & AK Geim [1]. It was termed as a semiconductor with zero band gap having extremely high electron mobility and unusual thermal properties so it attracted great interest of scientific researchers with a number of research articles and reviews published every year signifying its various remarkable properties like mechanical, electronic, optical properties [2,311]. Although a lot of research is ongoing in the area of thermal expansion and unsually high thermal conductivity of graphene [12-17].
In-vitro Screening of Some Selected Nigerian Medicinal Plants (Fagara zanthoxyloides, Vernonia amygdalina, Prosopis africana and Azadirachta indica) for Antibacterial activity

Fagara zanthoxyloides, Vernonia amygdalina, Prosopis africana and Azadirachta indica are some of the medicinal plants used as chewing sticks in Africa. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts of these plants in the treatment of human oral diseases were investigated in five treatments. These include the hot water extract, cold water extract, hot ethanol extract and essential oils. Clinical samples were collected from a dental clinic at Ijebu – Ode General Hospital, Ogun State. These were swabbed and plated directly on McConkey agar, blood agar and chocolate agar. The organisms implicated were Streptococcus viridians, Staphylococcus albus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris. It is concluded in this study that the various extracts of these plants have strong antimicrobial efficacies against human oral pathogens in varying degrees. The essential oils of these plants have proven to be most efficacious. The active ingredient obtained from these plants could be modernized and used conveniently by both rural and urban communities for the treatment of oral infections.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Antibiotic resistance pattern to different isolates in Al-Hillah city, Iraq

Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Ps. aeruginosa ) considered as most important bacteria which can isolated from various kinds of infection. This study tries to survey the infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa especially medical and surgical care units and try to reveal the antimicrobial agents susceptibility against Ps. aeruginosa. Material and Method: This study was conducted during September 2012 to February 2013. During this period total of 285 samples were tested and showed growth of bacteria. The isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected on the basis of their growth on Nutrient agar pigmented and non-pigmented colonies with oxidase positive and on routine MacConkey medium which showed lactose Non-fermenting pale colonies. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all the isolates was performed using disc-diffusion (Modified-Kirby Baur method) according to CLSIs guidelines. Result: In present study, maximum isolates of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from various samples. The isolates were obtained from different clinical specimens, including pus, urine, respiratory fluids, blood, tissue, and genitalia. All the clinically isolated samples were identified as P. aeruginosa. Out of 285, 74.04% are males and 25.96% are females. Most of patients were aged between 27-48 years. Approximately half the isolates tested were from community patients, mostly from infections of the Wound/Pus (22.46%), urinary tract (22.11%), Swab (18.6%) and Respiratory Tract (15.09%). P. aeruginosa strains screened showed sensitivity to AK \Amikacin, E \Erythromycin and P\Penicillin while showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and norfloxacin, AX \Amoxicillin, AMC \Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, AZM \Azithromycin. Conclusion: To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antibiotic policies while surveillance programs for multidrug resistant organisms and infection control procedures need to be implemented.
Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Raw Milk with Special Reference to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

Milk is one of the greatest blessings that are given to Humans by Nature. Milk is considered a complete and nutritious food; not only for the new-born mammal and for the human beings, but it is considered as a good medium for many microorganisms. Raw untreated milk is still used by large number of farm families and workers and by a growing segment of the general population who believe that the milk is not only safe but also imparts beneficial health effects that are destroyed by pasteurization [1]. For this reason, utilization of both raw untreated milk and raw milk cheeses has frequently been associated with foodborne illness. Zoonotic bacterial agent’s presence in raw milk is of great public health and economic significance. As well as causing serious economic problems concerning the dairy industry, they constitute a major impediment to the trade of animals and animal products, and this can lead to obstruction of social and economic progress, especially in developing countries in Africa. Moreover, the level of cultural awareness among farmers about the importance of economic and public health from zoonotic diseases in most of these countries is low, and this increases the effort required to control these diseases [2]. One product that is commonly distributed in raw form is milk. Raw milk is usually colonized by a variety of many zoonotic pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni, enterohaemorragic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica therefore; they represent an important source of foodborne pathogens. These pathogens in milk have been linked to the environment in the farm, mixing clean milk with mastitis milk and from livestock [3]. The natural raw milk obtained from the mammary gland of healthy animal is usually with low microbial load and the application of all hygienic measures during milking prevents *Corresponding author: Mayada Gwida, Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, Tel: 00205
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF L-ASPARAGINASE EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM INDUSTRIAL SOIL SAMPLES

Industrial soil contains a variety of L-Asparaginase producing microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Microorganisms can produce different types of enzymes which are frequently used in different types of industries for different purpose. In the present study, we focused on isolation of L-Asparaginase enzyme producing bacteria from industrial soil samples collected from different regions of Gwalior. These bacterial isolates were Salmonella sp. , Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis which were identified based on colony morphology, Gram staining, biochemical tests and using selective and differential media. All the tested isolates were able to produce enzymes like L-Asparaginase. All the three bacteria which were isolated from soils of a different region of Gwalior able to produce L-Asparaginase enzyme. Maximum L-Asparaginase activity was shown in second (II) bacterial isolate Salmonella sp. , which was 12.734 mg/ml. Salmonella sp. were not reported to show any type of allergenicity when their sequences were checked by bioinformatic tool Algpred. So, these bacterial isolates are considered as a good source of enzyme production and may be used at an industrial level. Thus from the present study, it may be concluded that microbes from soil sample can be a good source of industrially important enzymes. INTRODUCTION: Enzymes have valuable medical and industrial applications. L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) belongs to family amidohydrolases, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine amino acid and makes L-aspartate and ammonia as byproducts 1 . Biochemistry of enzyme and their enzyme kinetics and the selection of proper substrate are required for enzyme assay 2 . For enzyme assays pH temperature, ionic strength, the concentration of substrate, and enzyme should be in optimum condition 3 .
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM KENINDIA ASSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED

: Organizations are continually changing their information systems in order to keep up with the ever-changing business environment and, more importantly, to stay competitive. These changes do affect employee performance, either positively or negatively. Management information systems (MIS) should facilitate planning, especially in large organizations where managers often do not have a good personal touch with the scene of operations. In this regard, therefore, a good management information system helps to decentralize authority to enable effective management of organizational processes to be undertaken making control easier. MIS should facilitate coordination by integrating specialized activities and keeping each department or function of the organization aware of the problems of the other departments. Based on a study of Kenindia Assurance Company in Kenya, this paper examines the influence of management information as a strategic tool of management on employee performance. The respondents of the study were the branch managers, underwriting officers, claims and legal managers, information technology managers and operations managers. The study adopted a qualitative research design. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires. Inferential statistics and parametic methods, like the Likert and Ordinal scale, were used to analyse data. The study findings revealed that the use of MIS had enhanced access to resources and employee satisfaction. The results of the study indicate that the new IS tends to cause fear and anxiety among employees who think that the system is out to take their jobs. This is also attributed to confusion of responsibilities and duties of IS among employees. In addition, some of the senior officials in management feel that information systems usurp their power and authority. However, from the study findings, it is clear that employees generally improve their performance whenever IS are used. Based on the results of the case study at Kenindia Assurance Ltd., it is recommended that MIS should be used as a strategic tool to improve employee performance. Managers must have appropriate managerial skills in order to stipulate their core functions of management such as coordinating, directing, controlling, organizing and planning. Moreover, the increase in financial gains owing to improved employee performance should be a motivator to some managers to relinquish their fears that IS are meant to usurp their official powers rather than enhance organizational performance.