Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multi-contextual examination of non-school friendships and their impact on adolescent deviance and alcohol use

Despite decades of research on adolescent friendships, little is known about adolescents who are more likely to form ties outside of school. We examine multiple social and ecological contexts including parents, the school, social networks, and the neighborhood to understand the origins and health significance of out of school ties using survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 81,674). Findings indicate that out of school (more than in-school) friendships drive adolescent deviance and alcohol use, and youth with such friends tend to be involved in school activities and are central among their peer group. This suggests that intervention efforts aimed at reducing deviance and underage drinking may benefit from engaging youth with spanning social ties.
COVID‐19–associated pulmonary aspergillosis: a prospective single‐center dual case series

COVID‐19–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has emerged as an invasive fungal disease, often affecting previously immunocompetent, mechanically ventilated, intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Incidence rates of 3.8%–33.3% have been reported depending on the geographic area, with high (47%) mortality.
Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Quality and Shelf Life of Salted Bonito (Sarda sarda)

In this study, the fresh meat of bonito (Sarda sarda) was used to make lakerda, which is a type of salted fish (Turkish traditional product). The lakerda was packaged in plastic film (A), vacuumed (VP), placed in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; M1 = 80%/20% CO2/N2, M2 = 65%/35% CO2/N2, M3 = 30%/60%/10% CO2/N2/O2), and stored at 2 ± 1°C. Microbiological, chemical, sensory, and color analyses were conducted to determine the changes in quality. Total viable bacteria counts did not exceed the limit of consumption (7 log cfu/g) for all groups on Day 31. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and trimethylamine- nitrogen (TMA-N) values of M1, M2, and M3 remained lower than the proposed acceptability limits of 35 and 12 mg N/100 g, respectively, up to 31 days of storage. However, VP lakerda samples exceeded TVB-N limits after 31 days of storage, whereas A lakerda samples exceeded after 8 days of storage. In our study, sensory analysis determined the shelf life of modified atmosphere packaged lakerda. When Group A is compared with the other groups, MAP and VP lengthened the shelf life of lakerda by 23 days.
Readying students for careers in industry: A guided inquiry activity to prepare students for success in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry positions

While science students are well prepared for careers in biotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences in terms of technical expertise and critical thinking, they rarely have an opportunity to practice the due diligence required for success in industry in their coursework. This includes framing their expertise as solutions to challenges a company may be experiencing, an important skill for the interview process. As most academics have not applied for positions in industry, they may feel ill equipped to help students practice the important skills of framing their expertise within company goals and to discuss the business and financial concepts relevant to careers in scientific industry. Here, we describe an educational activity first developed by a leader in the biotech/pharmaceutical industry that was modified and given educational context by an academic in a class of upper‐level undergraduate and graduate students. In this guided inquiry activity, students were instructed to select a start‐up company in their field—ideally one to which they intended to apply for a job. Students were empowered by scaffolded hands‐on exercises to research the company's scientific focus and finances, and to frame how their expertise could help companies achieve stated goals. Students compiled and delivered their research as an in‐class presentation.
Long‐term clinical outcomes of cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias

Cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) is a useful therapeutic option in patients with structural heart disease (SHD) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) who are otherwise refractory to standard antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy or catheter ablation (CA). In this study, we sought to retrospectively analyze the long‐term outcomes of CSD in patients with refractory VT and/or VT storm with a majority of the patients being taken up for CSD ahead of CA.
Crossing the Death Valley of publication process in cornea and ocular surface diseases: from abstracts presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology annual meeting to full-text manuscripts.

PURPOSE This study was conducted to analyze the profile and publication rate of abstracts in indexed journals presented in the cornea section at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting and to further identify potential predictive factors for better outcomes. METHODS Abstracts accepted for presentation at the 2013 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting in the cornea section were sought via PubMed and Scopus to identify whether they had been published as full-text manuscripts. First author's name, time of publication, journal's name, and impact factor were recorded. A multivariate regression was performed to explore the association between variables and both the likelihood of publication and the journal's impact factor. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the time course of publication of abstracts. RESULTS Of the 939 analyzed abstracts, 360 (38.3%) were published in journals with a median impact factor of 3.4. The median time interval between abstract submission and article publication was 22 months. The multivariate analysis revealed that abstracts were more likely to be published if they were funded (OR=1.482, p=0.005), had a control group (OR=1.511, p=0.016), and had a basic science research scope (OR=1.388, p=0.020). The journal's impact factor was higher in funded studies (β=0.163, p=0.002) but lower in multicenter studies (β=-0.170, p=0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed significant differences in the publication time distribution for basic science vs clinical abstracts (χ2=7.636), controlled vs uncontrolled studies (χ2=6.921), and funded vs unfunded research (χ2=13.892) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Almost 40% of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology abstracts were published within 5 years from submission. Funding support, basic research scope, and controlled design were the determinants of better outcomes of publication.
Predicting the risk of relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: novel insights

ABSTRACT Introduction Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a common inflammatory disease found in people older than 50 years of Northern European descent. It is characterized by pain and stiffness in the shoulders, arms, hips, and neck. Relapses are common in patients with PMR. Areas covered This review describes when and how relapses occur in patients with PMR. Potential predisposing factors associated with relapses and management are also discussed. An extensive literature search on the PubMed database was conducted for publications on ‘polymyalgia rheumatica’ AND ‘relapses’ AND ‘risk factors’. Expert opinion Relapses are common in PMR being observed in approximately half of the patients. They often occur when the dose of prednisone is below 5–7.5 mg/day. The speed of glucocorticoid tapering is considered to be the main factor influencing the development of relapses in isolated PMRs. In addition, a genetic component may favor the presence of relapses in isolated PMRs. HLA-DRB1*0401 alleles were associated with an increased risk of relapse. An implication of the IL-6 promoter −174 G/C polymorphism and the GG241 ICAM-1 genotype was also reported. With regard to serological biomarkers, elevated levels of angiopoietin-2 were associated with an unfavorable course of PMR. Methotrexate and anti-IL6 receptor antibody tocilizumab may be required in PMR patients with multiple relapses.
Magnetic Polymer Composite Particles: Design and Magnetorheology

As a family of smart functional hybrid materials, magnetic polymer composite particles have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding magnetism, dispersion stability, and fine biocompatibility. This review covers their magnetorheological properties, namely, flow curve, yield stress, and viscoelastic behavior, along with their synthesis. Preparation methods and characteristics of different types of magnetic composite particles are presented. Apart from the research progress in magnetic polymer composite synthesis, we also discuss prospects of this promising research field.
Novel mapping techniques for rotor core detection using simulated intracardiac electrograms

Catheter ablation is associated with limited success rates in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Currently, existing mapping systems fail to identify critical target sites for ablation. Recently, we proposed and validated several techniques (multiscale frequency [MSF], Shannon entropy [SE], kurtosis [Kt], and multiscale entropy [MSE]) to identify pivot point of rotors using ex‐vivo optical mapping animal experiments. However, the performance of these techniques is unclear for the clinically recorded intracardiac electrograms (EGMs), due to the different nature of the signals.
Characteristics of an Impaired PDT Response

A concurrent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection potentiates the efficacy of ionizing radiation for treatment of head and neck cancer by promoting apoptosis. Studies in cell culture indicated an opposite effect for photodynamic therapy (PDT) when this leads to mitochondrial and ER photodamage. The explanation for this difference in PDT efficacy remains to be established. While apoptosis was impaired in HPV(‐) cells, such cells can be killed via photodamage directed at the ER: this leads to a nonapoptotic death pathway termed paraptosis. No differences in photosensitizer uptake or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were observed in HPV(+) vs. HPV(‐) tumors. We now provide evidence that death pathways initiated by ER/mitochondrial photodamage leading to either paraptosis or apoptosis are impaired in an HPV(+) head and neck cell line. These results illustrate the complex determinants of PDT efficacy, a topic that has yet to be fully explored.
Estimating Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate from a Single Lead Electrocardiogram Using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Spectral Data Fusion

Cardiopulmonary monitoring is important and useful for diagnosing and managing multiple conditions, such as stress and sleep disorders. Wearable ambulatory systems can provide continuous, comfortable, and inexpensive means for monitoring; it always has been a research subject in recent years. Being simple and cost-effective, electrocardiogram-based commercial products can be found in the market that provides cardiac diagnostic information for assessment, including heart rate measurement and atrial fibrillation identification. Based on a data-driven and self-adaptive approach, this study aims to estimate heart rate and respiratory rate simultaneously from one lead electrocardiogram signal. In contrast to ensemble empirical mode decomposition with principle component analysis, performed in the time domain, our method uses spectral data fusion, together with intrinsic mode functions using ensemble empirical mode decomposition obtains a more accurate heart rate and respiratory rate. Equipped with a rule-based selection of defined frequency levels for respiratory rate (RR) estimation, the proposed method obtains (0.92, 1.32) beat per minute for the heart rate and (2.20, 2.92) breath per minute for the respiratory rate as their mean absolute error and root mean square error, respectively outperforming other existing methods.
Breastfeeding Practices among Adolescent Mothers and Associated Factors in Bangladesh (2004–2014)

Optimal breastfeeding practices among mothers have been proven to have health and economic benefits, but evidence on breastfeeding practices among adolescent mothers in Bangladesh is limited. Hence, this study aims to estimate breastfeeding indicators and factors associated with selected feeding practices. The sample included 2554 children aged 0–23 months of adolescent mothers aged 12–19 years from four Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys collected between 2004 and 2014. Breastfeeding indicators were estimated using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators. Selected feeding indicators were examined against potential confounding factors using univariate and multivariate analyses. Only 42.2% of adolescent mothers initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, 53% exclusively breastfed their infants, predominant breastfeeding was 17.3%, and 15.7% bottle-fed their children. Parity (2–3 children), older infants, and adolescent mothers who made postnatal check-up after two days were associated with increased exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates. Adolescent mothers aged 12–18 years and who watched television were less likely to delay breastfeeding initiation within the first hour of birth. Adolescent mothers who delivered at home (adjusted OR = 2.63, 95% CI:1.86, 3.74) and made postnatal check-up after two days (adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.30) were significantly more likely to delay initiation breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. Adolescent mothers living in the Barisal region and who listened to the radio reported increased odds of predominant breastfeeding, and increased odds for bottle-feeding included male infants, infants aged 0–5 months, adolescent mothers who had eight or more antenatal clinic visits, and the highest wealth quintiles. In order for Bangladesh to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 and 3 by 2030, breastfeeding promotion programmes should discourage bottle-feeding among adolescent mothers from the richest households and promote early initiation of breastfeeding especially among adolescent mothers who delivered at home and had a late postnatal check-up after delivery.
Machine Learning–Based Automatic Rating for Cardinal Symptoms of Parkinson Disease

Objective We developed and investigated the feasibility of a machine learning–based automated rating for the 2 cardinal symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD): resting tremor and bradykinesia. Methods Using OpenPose, a deep learning–based human pose estimation program, we analyzed video clips for resting tremor and finger tapping of the bilateral upper limbs of 55 patients with PD (110 arms). Key motion parameters, including resting tremor amplitude and finger tapping speed, amplitude, and fatigue, were extracted to develop a machine learning–based automatic Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) rating using support vector machine (SVM) method. To evaluate the performance of this model, we calculated weighted κ and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the model and the gold standard rating by a movement disorder specialist who is trained and certified by the Movement Disorder Society for UPDRS rating. These values were compared to weighted κ and ICC between a nontrained human rater and the gold standard rating. Results For resting tremors, the SVM model showed a very good to excellent reliability range with the gold standard rating (κ 0.791; ICC 0.927), with both values higher than that of nontrained human rater (κ 0.662; ICC 0.861). For finger tapping, the SVM model showed a very good reliability range with the gold standard rating (κ 0.700 and ICC 0.793), which was comparable to that for nontrained human raters (κ 0.627; ICC 0.797). Conclusion Machine learning–based algorithms that automatically rate PD cardinal symptoms are feasible, with more accurate results than nontrained human ratings. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that machine learning–based automated rating of resting tremor and bradykinesia in people with PD has very good reliability compared to a rating by a movement disorder specialist.
Detail-Preserving Shape Unfolding

Canonical extrinsic representations for non-rigid shapes with different poses are preferable in many computer graphics applications, such as shape correspondence and retrieval. The main reason for this is that they give a pose invariant signature for those jobs, which significantly decreases the difficulty caused by various poses. Existing methods based on multidimentional scaling (MDS) always result in significant geometric distortions. In this paper, we present a novel shape unfolding algorithm, which deforms any given 3D shape into a canonical pose that is invariant to non-rigid transformations. The proposed method can effectively preserve the local structure of a given 3D model with the regularization of local rigid transform energy based on the shape deformation technique, and largely reduce geometric distortion. Our algorithm is quite simple and only needs to solve two linear systems during alternate iteration processes. The computational efficiency of our method can be improved with parallel computation and the robustness is guaranteed with a cascade strategy. Experimental results demonstrate the enhanced efficacy of our algorithm compared with the state-of-the-art methods on 3D shape unfolding.
ASH ISTH NHF WFH 2021 guidelines on the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease.

BACKGROUND von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder known in humans. Accurate and timely diagnosis presents numerous challenges. OBJECTIVE These evidence-based guidelines of the American Society of Hematology (ASH), the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH), the National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF), and the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) are intended to support patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals in their decisions about VWD diagnosis. METHODS ASH, ISTH, NHF, and WFH established a multidisciplinary guideline panel that included 4 patient representatives and was balanced to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. The Outcomes and Implementation Research Unit at the University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC) supported the guideline-development process, including performing or updating systematic evidence reviews up to 8 January 2020. The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The panel used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, including GRADE Evidence-to-Decision frameworks, to assess evidence and make recommendations, which were subsequently subject to public comment. RESULTS The panel agreed on 11 recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Key recommendations of these guidelines include the role of bleeding-assessment tools in the assessment of patients suspected of VWD, diagnostic assays and laboratory cutoffs for type 1 and type 2 VWD, how to approach a type 1 VWD patient with normalized levels over time, and the role of genetic testing vs phenotypic assays for types 2B and 2N. Future critical research priorities are also identified.
Effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine Gla-300 in insulin-naïve type 2 diabetes subjects in a real-life setting—the GOAL_RO trial

Background Basal insulin is the first choice for insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), with the second generation of basal insulin analogues having a lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to the first generation of basal insulins. The aim of our study was to assess on a large cohort of insulin-naïve T2DM subjects the effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) in a real-life setting. Methods This was a multicenter, prospective, non-interventional, 24 weeks, 3 visits (baseline, 3 and 6 months) trial performed in adult T2DM subjects not achieving glycemic target (HbA1c >7%) with prior oral or GLP-1 RA therapy. The study included 1,095 subjects (55.2% M/44.8% F) in 124 study sites. Mean (±SD) age was 61.1±8.5 years while mean duration of diabetes was 8.8±5.2 years. Mean BMI was 31.7±5.4 kg/m2 with 91.2% being overweight or obese. Baseline diabetes treatment included metformin (88.4% of subjects), sulphonylureas (75.4%), DPP-4i (16.7%) and GLP-1 RAs (8%). Comparison between quantitative variables was made with the paired sample t test. Results Mean HbA1c at baseline was 9.8%±1.7% with a mean fasting plasma glucose (FBG) of 231.5±67.4 mg/dL. Mean HbA1c decreased to 7.7%±1.2% at 6 months with a mean change from baseline of −2.1% (P<0.001). Overall, 30.7% of subjects reached the HbA1c target of 7%. Final mean dose of Gla-300 was 0.4 IU/kg/day. Mean weight gain was 0.4 kg over 6 months. Adverse events (AEs) were reported by 11.1% of subjects with 2.3% reporting serious adverse events (SAEs). Overall, 4.4% of subjects reporting at least one event of symptomatic or confirmed hypoglycemia. Only 7 episodes of nocturnal and one of severe hypoglycemia were reported. Conclusions In conclusion, a significant 2.1% decrease of HbA1c was recorded after 6 months of treatment with Gla-300 with no unexpected safety signals, low risk of hypoglycemia and modest weight gain.
Presenteeism and safety culture: evaluation of health workers in a teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVES to verify associations between presenteeism and safety culture among health workers. METHODS a descriptive, cross-sectional study with health workers from a teaching hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection took place through instruments of sample characterization, the Brazilian version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. RESULTS a total of 758 (48%) professionals participated; 330 (43.5%) presenteeism were identified, who evaluated the safety culture more negatively compared to non- presenteeism. The safety culture had a mean less than 75; associations between presenteeism and general safety culture were observed, and with the domains of teamwork climate, safety climate, stress recognition and working conditions. CONCLUSIONS presenteeism was associated with a safety culture, which requires investment by hospital management, with consideration to the health of workers.
Adsorption behavior of cocamidopropyl betaine under conditions of high temperature and high salinity

The adsorption behavior of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB) in aqueous solutions and on sandstone surfaces was studied under the conditions of high temperature and high salinity. In aqueous solutions, as temperature increased from 25 to 90°C and salinity increased from 0 to 115,200 ppm, surface tension and the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of CAB both decreased. In the solid/liquid system, when the CAB concentration of salt solutions reached 0.30 wt %, the static saturation adsorption amount on the surface of clean sands was 14.77 mg g−1 at 90°C. Because of its noticeable saturation adsorption capacity, the adsorption of CAB on the solid/liquid interface agreed with multilayer adsorption. Also, the adsorption amount on the surface of oil sands was greater than on clean sands. Besides, the dynamic saturation adsorption amount and retention amount of 0.07 wt % CAB solution were less than the static adsorption amount. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40424.
Carrier capture at the SiO2-Si interface : A physical model

The carrier (electron and hole) capture cross section of defects at the SiO2–Si interface is measured using trap-fill time in gigahertz charge-pumping experiment. The ability to use a highly asymmetric rectangular wave with very fast rise and fall times in our charge-pumping experiment greatly simplified data interpretation. Trap-fill times of less than or equal to 0.7ns are found for both electrons and holes. The corresponding capture cross section of 10−15cm2 or larger for both electron and hole cannot be explained by the usual multiphonon emission mechanism. A modified cascade capture model involving the strained Si–Si bonds around the Pb center is proposed to explain the large capture cross sections.