Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in Neoarchean microbialite morphologies: clues to controls on microbialite morphologies through time

The Neoarchean Carawine Formation, Hamersley Group, Western Australia is a carbonate ramp that preserves diverse microbial structures which are characteristic of specific depositional environments. These distinctive structures are distributed in five shallow subtidal and two deeper‐water facies in the Oakover area of the Carawine Formation. The shallow subtidal facies are composed of biohermal and bedded stromatolites, centimetre‐scale ridge‐shaped microbialites and wavy‐laminated microbialites. The deeper‐water facies are composed of fenestrate microbialites, planar laminated dolostone and dolostone with rolled‐up microbial laminae. Microbialites in the Carawine Formation lie within a continuum of Archean to Proterozoic microbial facies. Some shallow‐water microbial facies in the Carawine Formation are similar to Proterozoic facies, such as large bioherms internally composed of a variety of stromatolite morphologies. In contrast, fenestrate microbialites grew in quiet subtidal environments and are common in Archean rocks but have not been documented in similar Proterozoic environments. The similarity of shallow‐water facies across the Archean–Proterozoic transition, before and after the oxidation of the atmosphere and surface oceans, indicates that stromatolite growth in shallow subtidal environments was not strongly affected by the chemical changes associated with oxidation of the oceans or by biological responses to those chemical changes. Rather, stromatolite morphology was controlled mostly by the physical environment and the corresponding biological responses to that environment. In contrast, the absence of fenestrate microbialites from Proterozoic deep subtidal environments suggests that the morphology of deep subtidal microbial structures was influenced by chemical or biological changes that occurred in association with oxidation of the surface oceans.
Functional diversity metrics can perform well with highly incomplete data sets

Characterising changes in functional diversity at large spatial scales provides insight into the impact of human activity on ecosystem structure and function. However, the approach is often based on trait data sets that are incomplete and unrepresentative, with uncertain impacts on functional diversity estimates. To address this knowledge gap, we simulated random and biased removal of data from three empirical trait data sets: an avian data set (9579 species), a plant data set (2185 species) and a crocodilian data set (25 species). For these data sets, we assessed whether functional diversity metrics were robust to data incompleteness with and without using imputation to fill data gaps. We compared two metrics each calculated with two methods: functional richness (calculated with convex hulls and trait probabilities densities) and functional divergence (calculated with distance‐based Rao and trait probability densities). Without imputation, estimates of functional diversity (richness and divergence) for birds and plants were robust when 20%–70% of species had missing data for four out of 11 and two out of six continuous traits, respectively, depending on the severity of bias and method used. However, when missing traits were imputed, functional diversity metrics consistently remained representative of the true value when 70% of bird species were missing data for four out of 11 traits and when 50% of plant species were missing data for two out of six traits. Trait probability densities and distance‐based Rao were particularly robust to missingness and bias when combined with imputation. Convex hull‐based estimations of functional richness were less reliable. When applied to a smaller data set (crocodilians, 25 species), all functional diversity metrics were much more sensitive to missing data. Expanding global morphometric data sets to represent more taxa and traits, and to quantify intraspecific variation, remains a priority. In the meantime, our results show that widely used methods can successfully quantify large‐scale functional diversity even when data are missing for half of species, provided that missing traits are estimated using imputation. We recommend the use of trait probability densities or distance‐based Rao when working with large incomplete data sets and filling data gaps with imputation.
A shear wave velocity model of the European upper mantle from automated inversion of seismic shear and surface waveforms

SUMMARY We present a new, S-velocity model of the European upper mantle, constrained by inversions of seismic waveforms from broad-band stations in Europe and surrounding regions. We collected seismograms for the years 1990–2007 from all permanent stations in Europe for which data were available. In addition, we incorporated data from temporary experiments. Automated multimode inversion of surface and S-wave forms was applied to extract structural information from the seismograms, in the form of linear equations with uncorrelated uncertainties. The equations were then solved for seismic velocity perturbations in the crust and mantle with respect to a 3-D reference model with a realistic crust. We present two versions of the model: one for the entire European upper mantle and another, with the highest resolution, focused on the upper 200 km of the mantle beneath western and central Europe and the circum Mediterranean. The mantle lithosphere and asthenosphere are well resolved by both models. Major features of the lithosphere–asthenosphere system in Europe and the Mediterranean are indentified. The highest velocities in the mantle lithosphere of the East European Craton (EEC) are found at about 150 km depth. There are no indications for a deep cratonic root below about 330 km depth. Lateral variations within the cratonic mantle lithosphere are resolved as well. The locations of kimberlites correlate with reduced S-wave velocities in the shallow cratonic mantle lithosphere. This anomaly is present in regions of both Proterozoic and Archean crust, pointing to an alteration of the mantle lithosphere after the formation of the craton. Strong lateral changes in S-wave velocity are found at the northwestern margin of the EEC and may indicate erosion of cratonic mantle lithosphere beneath the Scandes by hot asthenosphere. The mantle lithosphere beneath western Europe and between the Tornquist–Teisseyre Zone and the Elbe Line shows moderately high velocities and is of an intermediate character, between cratonic lithosphere and the thin lithosphere of central Europe. In central Europe, Caledonian and Variscian sutures are not associated with strong lateral changes in the lithosphere–asthenosphere system. Cenozoic anorogenic intraplate volcanism in central Europe and the circum Mediterranean is found in regions of shallow asthenosphere and close to changes in the depth of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary. Very low velocities at shallow upper-mantle depths are present from eastern Turkey towards the Dead Sea transform fault system and Sinai, beneath locations of recent volcanism. Low-velocity anomalies extending vertically from shallow upper mantle down to the transition zone are found beneath the Massif Central, Sinai and the Dead Sea, the Canary Islands and Iceland.
Expression and distribution of the complement receptor gC1qR in bovine esperm.

The complement receptor gC1qR/p33, which recognizes the globular heads of C1q, is a multicompartmental and multifunctional protein and has been shown to play a role in reproduction in humans. The objective of this research was to determine the gC1qR distribution and expression on plasma membrane in bovine sperm before and after heparin treatment. Thus, capacitation of sperm derived from frozen-thawed bovine semen was induced through heparin incubation and its effectiveness was assessed with a CTC stain. Subsequently, indirect immunofluorescence assays were conducted with mAb (60.11, anti-gC1qR) to assess gC1qR distribution and expression. Data analysis demonstrated that gC1qR is expressed on the plasma membrane of bovine sperm. gC1qR showed a capacitation-related redistribution, migrating to the acrosome region: 175 sperm in heparin-incubated aliquots vs. 109 in control (P<0.05, n=300) showed fluorescence over the acrosome region. This distribution is similar to that reported in humans. Similarly, either gC1qR expression or its accessibility to antibodies increased after capacitation. This also correlates with what has been observed in humans. These results suggest that gC1qR could participate in primary sperm-oocyte interaction in bovines.
Reconciling the paradox that the heterotrophic waters of the East China Sea shelf act as a significant CO2 sink during the summertime: Evidence and implications

To explore the paradox that the heterotrophic waters of the East China Sea (ECS) shelf act as a significant CO2 sink in summer, vertical structures of carbon chemistry and hydrography were examined in July 2007. The results show that waters above the pycnocline (∼10 to 30 m) in the major CO2 sink area are supersaturated with oxygen (110 ± 7%; autotrophic) but undersaturated with respect to atmospheric CO2 (ΔfCO2 = −130 ± 58 μatm; sink). In contrast, waters below the pycnocline are undersaturated with respect to oxygen (61 ± 16%; heterotrophic) but supersaturated with CO2 (ΔfCO2 = 116 ± 115 μatm; source). This demonstrates that summer stratification is the key factor maintaining the CO2 sink status in the heterotrophic ECS shelf waters. Furthermore, the shallow pycnocline can easily be broken down when strong mixing occurs, potentially allowing the respired CO2 stored in the subsurface waters to return to the atmosphere.
Effect of Ethical Leadership on Nurses’ Organizational Silence: The Mediating Role of Organizational Justice

Aim. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of ethical leadership on nurses’ organizational silence and the mediating role of organizational justice. Background. Organizational silence is considered to be an unethical and destructive influence on healthcare organizations. Ethical leadership has an important influence on nurses’ organizational silence. Yet, the effect of mechanism among ethical leadership, nurses’ organizational silence, and the perceived organizational justice remains unknown. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 896 nurses in 11 hospitals in Henan Province, China, using a stratified sampling method. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and PROCESS macro. Results. Chinese nurses spoke highly of the ethical leadership of their nurse managers. Organizational justice and silence among nurses were at moderate levels. Ethical leadership significantly predicted nurses’ organizational justice (β = 0.453, P < 0.001) and nurses’ organizational silence (β = −0.450, P < 0.001). Organizational justice played a partially mediating role in ethical leadership and nurses’ organizational silence. Conclusion. Developing ethical leadership and improving organizational justice for nurses are critical to reduce organizational silence among nurses. Implications for Nursing Management. Hospitals can break organizational silence by developing ethical leadership in nurse managers through training related to ethical leadership, such as leadership programs. In addition, nurse managers can reduce the occurrence of organizational silence by increasing nurses’ sense of organizational justice.
Effect of poultry manure, NPK 15-15-15 and combination of their reduced levels on maize growth and soil chemical properties

The comparative effects of 300kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer, 7t/ha poultry manure (Pm), six combinations of reduced levels of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and poultry manure, and control (no fertilizer) on maize growth, nutrients uptake and soil chemical properties were investigated for two years at Akure, South West Nigeria. Application of poultry manure, and combination of poultry manure and or NPK fertilizer significantly increased soil chemical composition, maize plant dry matter yield, grain yield, plant height, leaf area and nutrients uptake. The highest grain yields were obtained with combined use of NPK fertilizer and poultry manure in 1996 and 1997. The highest values were recorded with combined use of 3t/ha poultry manure and 200kg/ha NPK fertilizer with respect to dry matter yield, grain yield and nutrients uptake in both years. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 15 2005: 34-41
Intrabasement reflections of the Ontong Java Plateau: Implications for plateau construction

The Early Cretaceous Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) in the western equatorial Pacific, Earth's most voluminous large igneous province (LIP), is characterized by intrabasement seismic reflections. To investigate the nature of such reflections, we have analyzed new and all older multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data from the OJP using an instantaneous phase velocity analysis technique and synthetic seismograms. Intrabasement reflections are most prevalent on the main OJP, especially on its crest. On MCS data, the reflections (1) are semicontinuous and subparallel to the top of igneous basement; (2) in places, have the opposite phase of seafloor reflections; and (3) have an average frequency of ∼20 Hz. We calculate synthetic seismograms using impedance contrasts between massive lava and pillow lava flows obtained from downhole logs at OJP scientific drill sites and show that these lithologies can produce intrabasement reflections similar to those observed in the MCS data. Alternatively, to evaluate the possibility of sediment/sedimentary rock interbeds causing the intrabasement reflections, we use published Early Cretaceous sedimentation rates determined from OJP drill sites and published estimates for the duration of massive OJP volcanism to calculate a range of possible sedimentary interbed thicknesses. The range proves to be below the detection limit of the MCS data. Therefore, we conclude that the intrabasement reflections arise from alternating relatively thin lava flows produced at low effusion rates and relatively thick massive flows generated at high effusion rates, both originating from vents and fissures on the OJP, probably on its crest.
Land use and land cover change in Ameleke Watershed, South Ethiopia

This study investigated the land use and land cover change at Ameleke watershed, middle catchment of Gidabo River, South Ethiopia that occurred from 1986-2006. Landsat TM of 1986, Landsat ETM+ of 2000 and SPOT of 2006 were used to produce land use and land cover maps of the watershed. A pixel-based supervised image classification through decision rule of maximum likelihood classifier algorithm was used to map land use and land covers on ERDAS Imagine 8.6. For land use and land cover maps of 1986, 2000 and 2006, error matrixes were produced and have an accuracy assessment of 80%, 85% and 85.71% respectively. Focused group discussions and key informant interviews were also used for land use and land cover reconstruction. The result showed from 1986 up to 2006, cropland and mixed cover increased from 23.33% to 31% and 7.26 to 15.68% of the watershed respectively. In contrast grass lands and shrub lands decreased from 25.9% to 14.96% and 30.3% and 24.25% of the watershed respectively in 1986 to 2006. There was also an increasing trend on agroforestry while there was a decreasing trend on riverine forests. This study recommends further assessment and monitoring of spatial and temporal based land use and land cover change at homestead level having high resolution satellite images. Keywords : land use and land cover change, Ameleke watershed
The Clinical Efficacy of Multidose Oritavancin: A Systematic Review

Oritavancin (ORI) is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide approved as a single 1200 mg dose intravenous infusion for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) caused by Gram-positive organisms in adults. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) linear kinetic profile and long terminal half-life (~393 h) of ORI make it therapeutically attractive for the treatment of other Gram-positive infections for which prolonged therapy is needed. Multidose regimens are adopted in real-world clinical practice with promising results, but aggregated efficacy data are still lacking. A comprehensive search on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases was performed to include papers published up to the end of January 2023. All articles on ORI multiple doses usage, including case reports, with quantitative data and relevant clinical information were included. Two reviewers independently assessed papers against the inclusion/exclusion criteria and for methodological quality. Differences in opinion were adjudicated by a third party. From 1751 potentially relevant papers identified by this search, a total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were processed further in the final data analysis. We extracted data concerning clinical response, bacteriologic response, mortality and adverse events (AEs). From the 16 included papers, 301 cases of treatment with multidose ORIs were identified. Multidose regimens comprised an initial ORI dose of 1200 mg followed by 1200 mg or 800 mg subsequent doses with a varying total number and frequency of reinfusions. The most often treated infections and isolates were osteomyelitis (148; 54.4%), ABSSSI (35; 12.9%) and cellulitis (14; 5.1%); and MRSA (121), MSSA (66), CoNS (17), E. faecalis (13) and E. faecium (12), respectively. Clinical cure and improvement by multidose ORI regimens were observed in 85% (231/272) and 8% (22/272) patients, respectively. Multidose ORI was safe and well tolerated; the most frequent AEs were infusion-related reactions and hypoglycemia. A multidose ORI regimen may be beneficial in treating other Gram-positive infections besides ABSSSIs, with a good safety profile. Further studies are warranted to ascertain the superiority of one multidose ORI scheme or posology over the other.
Upper Proterozoic Tidal Rhythmites, South Australia: Sedimentary Features, Deposition, and Implications for the Earth’s Paleorotation

Abstract Tidal rhythmites of laminated siltstone and very fine grained sandstone from Upper Proterozoic (∼650-800 Ma) formations in South Australia (Reynella Siltstone, Elatina Formation, Chambers Bluff Tillite) record a wide range of paleotidal cycles that provide unique information on the earth’s paleorotation and the past lunar orbit. The rhythmites evidently were built by vertical accretion in littoral settings ranging from estuarine to upper and lower delta slope and distal ebb-tidal delta. Periodic changes in the thickness of semidiurnal and diurnal laminae, and of conspicuous fortnightly groups of such laminae (lamina-cycles), are taken to reflect variations in the amount of fine clastic material entrained and deposited mainly from suspension by tidal currents in response to periodic changes in the velocity and range of paleotides. Stratigraphic series of lamina and lamina-cycle thickness measurements obtained from drill core of the approximately 10-m thick rhythmite member of the Elatina Formation contain strong periodicities that are evident visually or revealed by Fourier spectral analysis. These data represent an unsurpassed paleotidal record of about 60 years’ continuous deposition; supplemented by observations from the Reynella Siltstone, they allow determination of paleotidal and paleorotational periods with an accuracy previously unobtainable for any geological interval. The Late Proterozoic (∼650 Ma) year contained 13.1±0.1 lunar months and 400±7 solar days, and the Late Proterozoic lunar month 30.5±0.5 solar days. The periods of the lunar apsides (perigee) and lunar nodal cycles were then 9.7±0.1 years and 19.5±0.5 years, respectively. The data clearly establish the synodic character of the paleotidal regimes. The implied low mean rate of lunar recession for the past ∼650 m.y. militates against a close approach of the moon at any time during the Proterozoic. Overall, the Upper Proterozoic rhythmites in South Australia provide valuable data that support and extend information on the earth’s paleorotation and the past lunar orbit obtained from the growth increments of fossils. Study of sedimentary tidal rhythmites may allow the evolving dynamics of the earth-moon system to be traced over most of geological time.
Continent Formation in the Archean and Chemical Evolution of the Cratonic Lithosphere: Melt-Rock Reaction Experiments at 3-4 GPa and Petrogenesis of Archean Mg-Diorites (Sanukitoids)

To better understand the genetic relationship between granitoid rocks of the Archean cratons and the underlying ‘keel’of subcratonic lithospheric mantle (SCLM), we have conducted two types of experiments in a multi-anvil apparatus at 3^4 GPa: (1) peridotite assimilation experiments, in which natural, hydrousTTG (trondhjemite^tonalite^granodiorite) melts are reacted with mantle peridotite at relatively high melt^rock ratios; (2) liquidus saturation experiments on hydrous Mg-rich diorite (sanukitoid) melts. Our results demonstrate that liquids similar to typically lateto post-tectonic sanukitoid intrusions can form by hybridization of initial TTG melts by assimilation of olivine-bearing peridotite, and that these primitive granitoid melts are in equilibrium with reaction residues consisting of olivine-free garnet websterite or garnet pyroxenite.The experimental melts retain the distinctive trace element signature of TTGs, overprinted by a ‘primitive’ mantle signature (i.e. high Mg-number, elevated Cr and Ni abundances), whereas the various phases of the crystalline residues acquire trace element signatures reflecting equilibration with Mg-rich granitoid melts. At low melt:rock ratios, metasomatism by TTG melts may be responsible for the silica enrichment and high modal orthopyroxene content of some cratonic peridotites and cryptic trace element overprints in garnet, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene. Our results demonstrate that the lithospheric keel of Archean cratons represents the product of reaction betweenTTG melts and previously depleted mantle peridotite at relatively low melt:rock ratios, as evidenced by the trace element signature in garnet pyroxenite and orthopyroxene-enriched garnet peridotite xenoliths, whereas Late Archean sanukitoids represent the products of these same reactions at relatively high melt:rock ratios.