Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emplacement geometry of the Sudbury Igneous Complex: Structural examination of a proposed impact melt-sheet

The main mass of the 1.85-Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) has been recently interpreted as a 2.5-km-thick impact melt-sheet that differentiated into norite, gabbro, and granophyre layers. This interpretation requires the SIC to have been emplaced as a horizontal sheet ponded in a complex impact crater whereby orogenic folding is regarded as the cause of its synformal geometry. However, three independent lines of structural evidence from the SIC and its Huronian host rocks indicate that the SIC was not a horizontal sheet at the time of its consolidation. 1. Planar mineral fabrics of the unstrained norite and gabbro layers are subparallel to the synformal base of the SIC and mineral lineation plunges toward the center of the SIC. This radial lineation pattern is inconsistent with an initial horizontal sheet geometry of the SIC, but is consistent with preconsolidation strain caused by gravitational reorientation of crystals on inclined magma chamber walls. 2. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of the granophyre reveals a magnetic lineation that is orthogonal to the basal contact of the SIC. This fabric is correlated to acicular plagioclase crystals and is thus interpreted as a wall-orthogonal crystallization texture. Fold-induced strain is expected to overprint such textures most severely where the curvature of the SIC is greatest, e.g., in the North Lobe. However, the angular departure of this lineation from its initial contact-orthogonal orientation is minimal in this area. Shortening strains estimated from AMS numerical modeling and microstructural analysis are significantly lower than strains expected from orthogonal flexural folding, <15 vs. 50%, respectively. The observed low strain levels are in agreement with a primary parabolic geometry of the SIC, but are inconsistent with folding of a consolidated horizontal melt-sheet. 3. Structural analysis of Huronian host rocks shows that deformation of these rocks can be explained without invoking rotation of Huronian strata as a consequence of impact cratering. Moreover, the absence of pervasive, post-SIC ductile strain in Huronian rocks and the adjacent norite, the uniform northwest-southeast–directed, late-orogenic compression, and the regional tectonometamorphic correlation suggest that shortening of the SIC was not accomplished by noncylindrical buckle folding but rather by imbrication of the southern SIC on thrust surfaces of the South Range Shear Zone. Cowan, E. J., Riller, U. , and Schwerdtner, W. M. , 1999, Emplacement geometry of the Sudbury Igneous Complex: Structural examination of a proposed impact melt-sheet, in Dressler, B. O. , and Sharpton, V. L. , eds., Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution II: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society o f America Special Paper 339. 399 *Present address: Cowan, SRK Consulting, 25 Richardson Street, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia; e-mail: juncowan@yahoo.com; Riller, Institut für Geowissenschaften und Lithosphärenforschung, Universität Giessen, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
Case studies in Advanced Planning Systems for Tactical Planning in Process Industries

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study if ERP success factors are applicable in APS implementations. Methodology: A multiple case study including four companies that have implemented an APS concerning their tactical planning process is conducted. Critical Success Factors derived from the ERP literature and described effects from APS implementations are studied at the companies. The cases are compared concerning their fulfilment of the critical success factors with respect to the effects they have experienced. Findings: Findings show that several critical success factors concerning ERP most likely are applicable in APS implementations. Also, the findings verify some of the previous described effects from APS implementations. Practical implications: The findings show some factors to pay attention to when going through APS implementation projects. They also show some of the effects that can be expected if succeeding with the APS implementation. Both these implications are of use to managers that consider implementing an APS. Originality/value: Studies considering success factors in APS implementations are lacking in the published literature. Testing ERP success factors application on APS implementations has not been done before. The findings of this paper fill some of that gap.
Seismic imaging through the volcanic rocks of the Snake River Plain: insights from Project Hotspot

Hotspot: The Snake River Geothermal Drilling Project was undertaken to better understand geothermal systems across the Snake River Plain volcanic province. A series of surface and borehole seismic profiles were obtained to provide insights into volcanic stratigraphy and test the capabilities of engineering‐scale seismic imaging in such terranes. The Kimberly site drilled through 1.9 km of mostly rhyolite, with thin sedimentary interbeds in the upper part of the section. The Kimama site drilled through 1.9 km of mostly basalt with sedimentary interbeds at ∼200 m depth and 1700 m depth. The Mountain Home site contained numerous sediment and volcanic rock layers. Downhole and surface vibroseis seismic results suggest sedimentary interbeds at depth correspond with low‐velocity, high‐temperature zones that relate to reflections on seismic profiles. Our results suggest that eruption flow volumes can be estimated and flow boundaries can be imaged with surface seismic methods using relatively high‐fold and wide‐angle coverage. High‐frequency attenuation is observed at all sites, and this deficit may be countered by acquisition design and a focus on signal processing steps. Separation of surface and body waves was obtained by muting, and the potential for large static effects was identified and addressed in processing. An accurate velocity model and lithology contacts derived from borehole information improved the confidence of our seismic interpretations.
Mineralizaciones de tierras raras asociadas a los complejos intrusivos alcalino-carbonatíticos de Fuerteventura (Islas Canarias)

En Fueneventun se diferencian dos unidades geológicas: el Complejo Basd (CB) constituido por rocas plutónicas, volcánicas y sedimentarias submarinas del Creticico Inferior al Mioceno. y el grupo de rocas volcánicas aéreas mioceno-cuatemanas. Dos complejos intrusivos alcalinos, constituidos por rocas ~ l t r a r n ~ c a s álicas y cdciocarbonatitris (sovias y alwikitas). están asociados al C.B. y han sido explorados como fuente potencial de TR, denominándolos: a) Pueno de la Peña-Cueva de Lobos (PP-CL. =60 m.a.) que aparece en el centro-oeste de la isla. esencialmente entre los sectores costeros de estas dos localidades, y b) Esquinzo (E. =30 m.a.) que aflora en ese barranco y en ! a zona litoral que va desde la a playa de Tebeto hasta Iri del Castillo. a unos 30 Km. al norte del primero. Estos complejos, N junto con los del archipiélago de Cabo Verde, son singulares por presentan carbonatitas en = m O
Formation of the Jurassic Changboshan‐Xieniqishan highly fractionated I‐type granites, northeastern China: implication for the partial melting of juvenile crust induced by asthenospheric mantle upwelling

Zircon U–Pb ages, major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd and Hf isotope compositions of the Changboshan‐Xieniqishan (CX) intrusion from the Great Xing'an Range (GXAR), northeastern China, were studied to investigate its derivation, evolution and geodynamic significance. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb dating yields an emplacement age of 161 ± 2 Ma for the CX intrusion. Bulk‐rock analyses show that this intrusion is characterized by high SiO2, Na2O and K2O, but low MgO, CaO and P2O5. They are enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements, with marked Eu anomalies (mostly from 0.36 to 0.65), and depleted in heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements. Most samples have relatively low (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.70423–0.70457), with εNd(t) fluctuating between −0.4 and 2.3. The εHf(t) for zircons varies from 5.4 to 8.7. Sr–Nd isotope modelling results, in combination with young Nd and Hf model ages (760–986 and 549–728 Ma, respectively) and the presence of relict zircons, indicate that the CX intrusion may originate from the partial melting of juvenile crust, with minor contamination of recycled crustal components, and then underwent extensive fractional crystallization of K‐feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, sphene, apatite, zircon and allanite. Considering the widespread presence of granitoids with coeval volcanic rocks, we contend that the CX intrusion formed in an extensional environment related to the upwelling of asthenospheric mantle induced by the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific plate, rather than a lithospheric delamination model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Klimawirkung von Kondensstreifen: Untersuchungen mit einem globalen atmosphärischen Zirkulationsmodell

A parameterization of line-shaped contrails for use within the framework of a general circulation model (ECHAM) was developed for the first time. Contrail coverage, optical properties and radiative forcing are calculated at any model time step depending in a physically based manner on the respective conditions in the ambient air. In addition, possible effects on atmospheric parameters can be simulated, allowing for the determination of a climate sensitivity parameter especially for line-shaped contrails. Regional contrail cover as well as the large range of simulated optical depth values show a fair qualitative and quantitative agreement with observations. Sensitivity studies result in a lower global radiative forcing of line-shaped contrails than estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1999). Remaining uncertainties are mainly associated with poor knowledge of microphysical properties such as ice water content, particle shape and size. Considering future changes in air traffic density, and aircraft technology, as well as anthropogenic climate change, an increase of global contrail cover and radiative forcing by roughly a factor of four between 1992 and 2050 is simulated.
Evaluation of interpolation techniques for the creation of gridded daily precipitation (1 × 1 km2); Cyprus, 1980–2010

High‐resolution gridded daily data sets are essential for natural resource management and the analyses of climate changes and their effects. This study aims to evaluate the performance of 15 simple or complex interpolation techniques in reproducing daily precipitation at a resolution of 1 km2 over topographically complex areas. Methods are tested considering two different sets of observation densities and different rainfall amounts. We used rainfall data that were recorded at 74 and 145 observational stations, respectively, spread over the 5760 km2 of the Republic of Cyprus, in the Eastern Mediterranean. Regression analyses utilizing geographical copredictors and neighboring interpolation techniques were evaluated both in isolation and combined. Linear multiple regression (LMR) and geographically weighted regression methods (GWR) were tested. These included a step‐wise selection of covariables, as well as inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging, and 3D‐thin plate splines (TPS). The relative rank of the different techniques changes with different station density and rainfall amounts. Our results indicate that TPS performs well for low station density and large‐scale events and also when coupled with regression models. It performs poorly for high station density. The opposite is observed when using IDW. Simple IDW performs best for local events, while a combination of step‐wise GWR and IDW proves to be the best method for large‐scale events and high station density. This study indicates that the use of step‐wise regression with a variable set of geographic parameters can improve the interpolation of large‐scale events because it facilitates the representation of local climate dynamics.
Evaluation of methods for estimating the effects of vegetation change and climate variability on streamflow

Changes in vegetation cover can significantly affect streamflow. Two common methods for estimating vegetation effects on streamflow are the paired catchment method and the time trend analysis technique. In this study, the performance of these methods is evaluated using data from paired catchments in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Results show that these methods generally yield consistent estimates of the vegetation effect, and most of the observed streamflow changes are attributable to vegetation change. These estimates are realistic and are supported by the vegetation history. The accuracy of the estimates, however, largely depends on the length of calibration periods or pretreatment periods. For catchments with short or no pretreatment periods, we find that statistically identified prechange periods can be used as calibration periods. Because streamflow also responds to climate variability, in assessing streamflow changes it is necessary to consider the effect of climate in addition to the effect of vegetation. Here, the climate effect on streamflow was estimated using a sensitivity‐based method that calculates changes in rainfall and potential evaporation. A unifying conceptual framework, based on the assumption that climate and vegetation are the only drivers for streamflow changes, enables comparison of all three methods. It is shown that these methods provide consistent estimates of vegetation and climate effects on streamflow for the catchments considered. An advantage of the time trend analysis and sensitivity‐based methods is that they are applicable to nonpaired catchments, making them potentially useful in large catchments undergoing vegetation change.
Petrology of Apollo 15 black-and-white rocks 15445 and 15455 - Fragments of the Imbrium impact melt sheet

The paper describes two macroscopically similar black-and-white rocks, 15445 and 15455, which were collected from the rim of Spur Crater on the Apennine Front. The two Apollo 15 rocks are very similar in chemistry and clast population, but the matrix of 15455 is finer grained than that of 15445. The 15445 sample contains a lithic clast assemblage of plutonic/metamorphic spinel troctolite, troctolite, norite, and anorthosite, and its fine-grained vesicular black coherent matrix consists of a melt-bonded aggregate of small mineral clasts which are mainly olivine, plagioclase, and pink spinel. The two rocks are distinct from any other large samples from the Apollo 15 site. It is suggested that the rocks are samples of an impact melt sheet which forms a bedrock unit of the Apennine Front, and that this melt sheet did not form in a local small-scale event but was produced during the Imbrium impact event.
New and noteworthy Records from Northwestern Peru, Department of Tumbes

From late May to early August 2009 we conducted an extensive avifaunal survey of the Department of Tumbes in the far northwestern corner of Peru. Tumbes contains the core habitats unique to the endemicrich Tumbesian biogeographic region in Peru, which along with montane, coastal and mangrove habitats explain the diversity of species occurring in the region. This expedition was the most thorough modern survey of this region to date. Here we document all significant ornithological records obtained during this expedition. These findings include species with no prior vouchers for Peru, six new species records for northwestern Peru, ten new records for Department of Tumbes, and one new species record for Peru.
Coherent structures in flow over two‐dimensional dunes

The instantaneous turbulent flow fields over a smooth bed and a bed containing large‐scale roughness elements are characterized by the presence of elongated low and high streamwise momentum regions or streaks. If the bed contains large‐scale roughness elements (e.g., dunes), the size of the streaks increases and is of the order of the size of these elements and the flow depth. The present large eddy simulation (LES) study focuses on the case of developing flow within wide channels containing at the bottom a long array of spanwise‐oriented sinusoidal 2‐D dunes (2a/h = 0.1, λ/h = 1, λ is the wavelength, 2a is the dune height, and h is the mean flow depth) and an array of 2‐D asymmetric dunes (2a/h = 0.25, λ/h = 3.75) of closer shape to the ones observed in natural streams. For the case of an incoming steady flow, the instantaneous flow fields, in the region where the flow transitions toward a fully developed turbulent flow regime, contain arrays of highly organized hairpin vortices, whose dimensions are larger than the dune height. The LES shows that for relatively shallow channels (e.g., channels with 2a/h = 0.25), the large‐scale hairpins and the streaks penetrate regularly up to the free surface, thus affecting mass transport and mixing over the whole water column. This paper explained the mechanism for the formation of these arrays of hairpin vortices and discussed the changes between a case with asymmetric dunes that are characterized by a large value of λ/2a (= 15) and a long upslope face and a case with symmetric dunes for which λ/2a = 10, the upslope face is relatively short, and the rate of change of the bed curvature around the dune's crest is relatively small. The study discusses the main mechanisms through which large‐scale hairpin form and how these mechanisms change between two dune geometries (sinusoidal versus asymmetric dunes). This study also shows that hairpin eddies play the primary role in the formation of the streaks over the region containing dunes and provides an estimation of the average dimensions of these streaks. The presence of resolved turbulence in the incoming flow reduces the streamwise distance needed for the streaks to develop over the region containing dunes, but does not qualitatively affect the transition process toward the fully developed flow regime nor the spacing of the streaks in the fully developed flow region.
Baroclinic instability and the mesoscale eddy field around the Lofoten Basin

The vigorous mesoscale eddy field around the Lofoten Basin west of northern Norway is thought to be related to eddy shedding from the Norwegian Atlantic Current flowing along the Norwegian coast. Here we study baroclinic instability in the current with a particular focus on the influence of topography. The flow over the steepest part of the continental slope is found to be the most unstable. The growth characteristics cannot be understood from Eady theory alone but require the consideration of interior potential vorticity gradients. A study of the fully developed macroturbulent field shows that eddy kinetic energy is advected away from the generation regions and that nonlinear effects likely draw the eddy statistics away from the linear growth regime.
Left-Right Dynein Motor Implicated in Selective Chromatid Segregation in Mouse Cells

During cell division, copies of mouse chromosome 7 are segregated selectively or randomly to daughter cells depending on the cell type. The mechanism for differential segregation is unknown. Because mouse left-right dynein (LRD) gene mutations result in randomization of visceral organs' laterality, we hypothesized that LRD may also function in selective chromatid segregation. Indeed, upon knock-down by RNA interference methods, LRD depletion disrupts biased segregation. LRD messenger RNA presence or absence correlates with the observed segregation patterns. This work supports the claim that LRD functions in a mechanism for selective chromatid segregation.
Mass-Flow Conglomerates in a Submarine Canyon: Abrioja Fan-Delta, Pliocene, Southeast Spain

Abstract In the Early - Middle Pliocene, a conglomeratic fan-delta (Abrioja Formation) prograded approximately 15 km southeastwards in a confined canyon in the Almeria Basin. The canyon was 2 - 4 km wide and 100 - 200 m deep. It probably originated from rifting of the area between the metamorphic basement blocks of the Sierra de Gador and the Sierra Alhamilla. The Abrioja fan-delta sequence, which filled the canyon is as follows (from top to bottom): 1) Alluvial fan and coastal plain deposits with paleosols; 2) Sediments of a transition zone (beach, nearshore and delta front); 3) Upper delta slope sediments, with tangential foresets of pebbly sandstones; 4) Lower delta slope sediments, with parallel bedded conglomerates, sandstones and pebbly mudstones; 5) Pro-delta sediments, with heavily bioturbated muds. Detailed study of the subaqueous part of the fan-delta has shown that the gravel and sand were transported mainly by sediment gravity flows. The various facies described from the subaqueous fan-delta reflect different kinds of mass flow behaviour. Slumping in the upper part of the delta slope was probably the main sediment source for the conglomeratic beds of the lower delta slope, which were deposited in troughs downslope from the slump scar. The slump scars have been filled again with sediment from the transition zone. From several conglomerate beds, some important structures have been described: a) Asymmetric conglomerate beds show a type of back-set bedding. These ‘backsets’ are indicated by either a diffuse, centimetre thin sandy zone or by a preferred pebble alignment. They are interpreted as shear zones due to downslope transmitted compression. The compression is probably due to resedimentation at the upslope-side of the gravel body. b) The head of a structureless, polymict gravel flow deposit shows straight troughs, of ca. 50 cm in cross-section filled with pebbly sandstone, issuing from this body. c) At the base and on the top of some conglomerate beds, evenly-stratified sandstones may have originated from flow surges, rather than from (basal) shearing. The sediment for the flow surges may have been progressively winnowed by liquefaction and gravity from the margins of a gravel flow, a process which was studied from experiments described here, and has been named gravity-winnowing. Conglomerate beds in the canyon are covered by (pebbly) mudstones which were probably deposited during periods of ‘normal’ sedimentation conditions.
Contrasting calcification responses to ocean acidification between two reef foraminifers harboring different algal symbionts

Ocean acidification, which like global warming is an outcome of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, severely impacts marine calcifying organisms, especially those living in coral reef ecosystems. However, knowledge about the responses of reef calcifiers to ocean acidification is quite limited, although coral responses are known to be generally negative. In a culture experiment with two algal symbiont‐bearing, reef‐dwelling foraminifers, Amphisorus kudakajimensis and Calcarina gaudichaudii, in seawater under five different pCO2 conditions, 245, 375, 588, 763 and 907 μatm, maintained with a precise pCO2‐controlling technique, net calcification of A. kudakajimensis was reduced under higher pCO2, whereas calcification of C. gaudichaudii generally increased with increased pCO2. In another culture experiment conducted in seawater in which bicarbonate ion concentrations were varied under a constant carbonate ion concentration, calcification was not significantly different between treatments in Amphisorus hemprichii, a species closely related to A. kudakajimensis, or in C. gaudichaudii. From these results, we concluded that carbonate ion and CO2 were the carbonate species that most affected growth of Amphisorus and Calcarina, respectively. The opposite responses of these two foraminifer genera probably reflect different sensitivities to these carbonate species, which may be due to their different symbiotic algae.