Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abstract— Modeling of brain tumor grow simulator can estimate life expectancy for individual patients and how to predict the efficacy

Modeling of brain tumor grow simulator can estimate life expectancy for individual patients and how to predict the efficacy of different treatments. Analysis of the model shows how difficult it is to decide on the tumor volume to be treated and shows why such treatments can have little success. The key model parameters, namely diffusion and cell growth can be calculated. With these we can then predict the subsequent growth of such brain tumors. Keywords— Brain, Tumor Growth, WM, GM, CSF. Proliferation Rate, Isotropic, Anisotropic.
Serum antioxidant status of bilirubin, albumin, uric acid, and creatinine in patients with meningitis

Objective: Oxidative stress, closely related to inflammation, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of central nervous system infections. Low levels of antioxidant indicators, including albumin and uric acid (UA), in meningitis have been reported in previous studies. However, there are no studies comprehensively clarifying the changes of common serum endogenous antioxidants in meningitis and comparing them in different types of meningitis, such as bacterial meningitis (BM), tuberculous meningitis (TM), and viral meningitis (VM). Methods: The current study aimed to explore changes in common serum endogenous antioxidants in different types of meningitis. This study collected clinical characteristics and serum total bilirubin (Tbil), albumin, UA, and creatinine levels in 220 common meningitis patients and 238 healthy controls (HC). The collected information was analyzed. Results: It was found that serum albumin, UA, and creatinine levels were lower in meningitis patients than in HC. Moreover, serum albumin and UA were the lowest in BM, followed by TM and VM. There were no significant changes in serum Tbil levels. Furthermore, women showed lower serum endogenous antioxidants levels than men, both in meningitis and HC groups. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that albumin, UA, and creatinine were relevant factors for meningitis after separately adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion: Patients with meningitis have low levels of serum albumin, UA, and creatinine, indicating low serum antioxidant states in meningitis. Moreover, serum albumin and UA tend to be lower in BM, followed by TM and VM. Changes in serum Tbil, however, remain uncertain.
Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes Toward Obstructive Sleep Apnea among the Population of the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia in 2019

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder that involves the cessation or significant decrease in airflow along with a distinct effort to breathe. While there are several types of sleep apnea, OSA is the most common. Methodology This descriptive online cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards OSA over 30 days in a nonrandomized sample of the general population of the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Subjects were included if they lived in the Asir region and were aged >18 years. Results Of the respondents who participated in the study, 64% were aware of OSA, whereas 36% were not. Most respondents reported that OSA was dangerous, whereas 24% did not know whether OSA was dangerous. Moreover, 81% of respondents reported that they did not know about methods of diagnosing OSA, and 84% did not know about the methods to treat OSA. Conclusions Subjects living in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia showed a low level of awareness of all aspects of OSA. Their lack of sources of knowledge indicates the need for medical staff to improve awareness and knowledge of OSA.
AAS 13-420 ASSESSMENT OF THE MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY ENTRY, DESCENT, AND LANDING SIMULATION

On August 5, 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, successfully landed inside Gale Crater. This landing was only the seventh successful landing and fourth rover to be delivered to Mars. Weighing nearly one metric ton, Curiosity is the largest and most complex rover ever sent to investigate another planet. Safely landing such a large payload required an innovative Entry, Descent, and Landing system, which included the first guided entry at Mars, the largest supersonic parachute ever flown at Mars, and a novel and untested Sky Crane landing system. A complete, end-to-end, six degree-of-freedom, multi-body computer simulation of the Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing sequence was developed at the NASA Langley Research Center. In-flight data gathered during the successful landing is compared to pre-flight statistical distributions, predicted by the simulation. These comparisons provide insight into both the accuracy of the simulation and the overall performance of the vehicle.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies on the efficacy of cytoreductive prostatectomy in patients with metastatic prostate cancer

Background: In several studies, cytoreductive prostatectomy has been performed for the survival benefits in metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). However, these researches revealed conflicting effects. The present study was designed to determine the relationship between cytoreductive prostatectomy and mPCa. Methods: Original articles concerning cytoreductive prostatectomy published until November 1st, 2018 were searched in PubMed database. The main clinical outcomes included overall mortality (OM), cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and progression-free survival (PFS). Afterwards, meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 14 studies were included. Compared with no local therapy (NLT), radical prostatectomy (RP) of mPCa was associated with decreased OM (HR=0.47, 95% CI=0.44 to 0.51, I2=90.6%) and CSM (HR=0.36, 95% CI=0.31 to 0.43, I2=28.6%). Subsequent stratified analysis demonstrated that levels below T2a (HR=0.38, 95% CI=0.34 to 0.42, I2<0.01%) were the possible sources of heterogeneity of OM in RP for mPCa. In detection of the relationship between non-radical prostatectomy (NRP) and mPCa, our results indicated that NRP had beneficial effect on CSM (HR=0.37, 95% CI=0.20 to 0.68, I2=76.0%) and PFS (HR=0.52, 95% CI=0.33 to 0.482, I2=0.0%) when compared with NLT. Conclusions: The outcomes demonstrated that cytoreductive prostatectomy including RP and NRP might reveal survival benefits in mPCa patients in comparison with NLT. Additional high-quality trials are still warranted to establish the efficacy of cytoreductive prostatectomy among men with mPCa.
Knowledge about Hypertension: A Comparison between Hypertensive patients and their Normotensive counterparts

Background: High blood pressure also known as hypertension, is a chronic non-communicable disease condition, in which the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels is consistently too high. The World Health Organization has termed hypertension as the “silent killer” as it is an asymptomatic condition and the health related complications of high blood pressure are life-threatening. In recent times, there has been an exponential increase, in hypertension related incidence and prevalence rates in India. However, a lack of knowledge about the condition among the general population and poor treatment and control rates among the hypertensive patients calls for the implementation of health education and promotion programs. Method: The present study aimed to understand the level of knowledge, conceptualization, health beliefs and misconceptions among the hypertensive and normotensive participants regarding the condition of hypertension using a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews using an open-ended interview schedule comprising of 17 open-ended questions were conducted among 96 hypertensive and 103 normotensive participants in the agegroup of 22-66 years. Content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts using the thematic analysis method. Results: The analysis of participant’s responses brought out several sub-themes that were categorized into themes and the themes were further integrated to develop four superordinate themes of theoretical, essential, lifestyle-related, and functional knowledge regarding hypertension. Overall the level of knowledge about hypertension among the study participants was found to be inadequate. The hypertensive participants in our study were found to possess better knowledge and a lower number of misconceptions about their condition as compared to the normotensive participants.
Compliance and Utility of a Smartphone App for the Detection of Exacerbations in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Cohort Study

Background In recent years, mobile health (mHealth)–related apps have been developed to help manage chronic diseases. Apps may allow patients with a chronic disease characterized by exacerbations, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to track and even suspect disease exacerbations, thereby facilitating self-management and prompt intervention. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence regarding patient compliance in the daily use of mHealth apps for chronic disease monitoring. Objective This study aimed to provide further evidence in support of prospectively recording daily symptoms as a useful strategy to detect COPD exacerbations through the smartphone app, Prevexair. It also aimed to analyze daily compliance and the frequency and characteristics of acute exacerbations of COPD recorded using Prevexair. Methods This is a multicenter cohort study with prospective case recruitment including 116 patients with COPD who had a documented history of frequent exacerbations and were monitored over the course of 6 months. At recruitment, the Prevexair app was installed on their smartphones, and patients were instructed on how to use the app. The information recorded in the app included symptom changes, use of medication, and use of health care resources. The patients received messages on healthy lifestyle behaviors and a record of their cumulative symptoms in the app. There was no regular contact with the research team and no mentoring process. An exacerbation was considered reported if medical attention was sought and considered unreported if it was not reported to a health care professional. Results Overall, compliance with daily records in the app was 66.6% (120/180), with a duration compliance of 78.8%, which was similar across disease severity, age, and comorbidity variables. However, patients who were active smokers, with greater dyspnea and a diagnosis of depression and obesity had lower compliance (P<.05). During the study, the patients experienced a total of 262 exacerbations according to daily records in the app, 99 (37.8%) of which were reported exacerbations and 163 (62.2%) were unreported exacerbations. None of the subject-related variables were found to be significantly associated with reporting. The duration of the event and number of symptoms present during the first day were strongly associated with reporting. Despite substantial variations in the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), there was improvement only among patients with no exacerbation and those with reported exacerbations. Nevertheless, CAT scores deteriorated among patients with unreported exacerbations. Conclusions The daily use of the Prevexair app is feasible and acceptable for patients with COPD who are motivated in their self-care because of frequent exacerbations of their disease. Monitoring through the Prevexair app showed great potential for the implementation of self-care plans and offered a better diagnosis of their chronic condition.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN CAMEL BEHAVIOUR ON RANGELAND ECOSYSTEM OF SEMI

A considerable number of the dromedary camels are found in the semi Nigeria. Apart from the wide use of the camel as a draught animal it now serves as a source of milk, meat and hide in this region. This paper examines the foraging beh rangeland in order to determine its major daily activities as influenced by season, sex and age to enable us improve the biodiversity of our rangelands. Four categories of animals (Adult male, Adult Female, Young Male and Young Female) were followed for three consecutive days in both dry and rainy seasons. The result indicates that the time spent by the camels in the two seasons (Wet and Dry) and between Male and Female on various activities were significant (P<0.05). However, the was also a significant difference between the behaviour of the adult and younger camels. In can be concluded that camel spends most of its time grazing during the day and the grazing time is higher in the wet season which is related to the forages avail by age rather than sex.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of nursing students on Hospital Acquired Infections in Western region of Nepal

Background & Objectives: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a common problem and challenge faced by hospitals in all countries around the world. Nurses are an important part of the healthcare team that plays a unique role in the control of HAIs. Compliance on the part of healthcare workers (HCWs) including nurses with standard precautions has been recognized as being an efficient means to prevent and control HAIs. The present study was conducted with objective of understanding the level of Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding HAIs among nursing students in the Western Region of Nepal. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing students posted in different wards of two hospitals of Pokhara. A self administered questionnaire containing different set of questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice on HAI were used for data collection. Results: Among the total participants in the study 97% of the participants considered that prevention of HAIs were a valuable part of nurses’ role but only 89% had received formal training regarding hand hygiene. The results show that 74% of the participants had good knowledge regarding HAIs. 82% of the participants felt that they would be less likely to transmit infection to the patient if they performed hand-hygiene. 66% of them identified that hand hygiene agents were not readily available in current settings. Regarding practice, only 6% performed hand hygiene before patient contact. Conclusion: The nursing students had good knowledge regarding HAIs that was reflected in their attitude and practice on hand hygiene for the prevention of HAIs. However there is the need of regular training and performance feedback regarding hand hygiene and the hospital environment should be hand-hygiene friendly with easily accessible to sinks and other facilities.
The Empirical Evaluation of how Public Expenditure Influences Economic Growth in Nigeria

This study examined government expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1985-2015. The specific objective of this study is to investigate how government capital expenditure affects economic growth in Nigeria. Data extracts from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin form our major source of information. We use the Unit root test using Augmented Dickey-Fuller test technique. Our result revealed that all the variables in the model were stationary at different levels of test. The Johansson co-integration test result also showed that all the variables in the model have a long-run relationship, and government capital expenditure has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The government recurrent expenditure also has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria having a coefficient of determination of 98.4% variation in the dependent variable being explained by changes in the explanatory variables. Based on our findings, we recommend that the government should increase its recurrent expenditure on salaries, transfer payments and its investment spending on education, health, agricultural sectors and the provision of basic infrastructure in terms of construction of roads and bridges. Keyword: government, capital expenditure, recurrent expenditure, economic growth, investment, health, education, and agricultural sector.
Design and Application of A Questionnaire for the Development of the Knowledge Management Audit Using Neutrosophic Iadov Technique

This paper aims to design a new kind of questionnaire to be applied in the Knowledge Management audit. For illustration purpose, we analyse the knowledge management audit in a grain storage and conservation company. This proposal is based on 18 well-known questionnaires to audit knowledge management. We recommend using neutrosophic Iadov to process the obtained answers. Neutrosophy is combined with Iadov technique to model uncertainty and indeterminacy which characterize the possible answers given by the interviewed persons, as well as to evaluate according to a linguistic scale. Our contribution is that we propose a more generic questionnaire on knowledge management audit which can process indeterminate information and knowledge, and additionally we confirm it with one case study.
A study on knee joint osteoarthritis among the women aged above 40 years, residing in the urban field practice area at tertiary care centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India -

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease. Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is reported to increase in females during premenopausal age and remains high throughout menopause. The Indian elderly population has increased to 8.6% in 2011 census, with life expectancy of 68.2 years. This has led Indian women to live with problem of osteoarthritis for long time as compared to other countries. Osteoarthritis is also associated with decreased physical activity and in turn affecting health related quality of life. Hence this study is taken up to estimate the prevalence of osteoarthritis and to assess the treatment seeking behavior of women in the community. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on 120 women above the age of 40 years from January to March 2015 in urban field practice area of BMCRI. Data collection was done by house to house visit. Information was collected by using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The estimated prevalence of knee osteoarthritis among women aged 40 years and above was 55% (66). Out of 66 women who had osteoarthritis 68.2% were currently on treatment. We also found that 65.2% (43) of the women had difficulty in doing daily routine activities. Conclusion: The high prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is due to majority of women is developing osteoarthritis at a younger age. This is leading to decrease in quality of life of women at a younger age group in the community.
Incidence trends for epithelial peritoneal, ovarian, and fallopian tube cancer during 1999–2016: a retrospective study based on the Korean National Cancer Incidence Database

Objective Primary peritoneal cancer (PPC), ovarian cancer (OC), and fallopian tube cancer (FTC) are considered as a single disease group. As knowledge of the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of peritoneal, ovarian, and fallopian tube (POFT) cancer grows, the tendencies in OC diagnosis are changing. We investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of epithelial POFT based on cancer site and histologic type. Methods Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry for the period between 1999 and 2016 were analyzed. The incidence rates and annual percent changes (APCs) for each tumor site were reported. Results Among 27,768 women with cancer, 1,086 (3.91%) had PPC, 25,847 (93.08%) had OC, and 835 (3.01%) had FTC. Age-standardized rates increased from 0.05 to 0.24, 3.51 to 5.48, and 0.04 to 0.28 in PPC, OC, and FTC, respectively. The proportion of PPC and FTC among all the POFT cases increased consistently during the study period (from, respectively, 1.48 and 1.06 in 1999 to 4.52 and 4.76 in 2016). The APC of PPC, OC, and FTC during 1999–2016 was 9.3%, 2.7%, and 8.6%, respectively. The incidence of PPC, OC, and FTC was highest among patients in the 65–69, 50–54, and 55–59 years age group, respectively. Conclusion The overall incidence of PPC, OC, and FTC cancer has steadily increased. The relative increase of PPC and FTC has been significant. In this study, OC incidence had a relatively young peak age, in contrast to FTC and PPC, which had an older peak age.
Big Numbers - Big Troubles: Systematically Analyzing Nonce Leakage in (EC)DSA Implementations

Side-channel attacks exploiting (EC)DSA nonce leakage easily lead to full key recovery. Although (EC)DSA implementations have already been hardened against side-channel leakage using the constant-time paradigm, the long-standing cat-and-mouse-game of attacks and patches continues. In particular, current code review is prone to miss less obvious side channels hidden deeply in the call stack. To solve this problem, a systematic study of nonce leakage is necessary. We present a systematic analysis of nonce leakage in cryptographic implementations. In particular, we expand DATA, an open-source side-channel analysis framework, to detect nonce leakage. Our analysis identiﬁed multiple unknown nonce leakage vulnerabilities across all essential computation steps involving nonces. Among others, we uncover inherent problems in Bignumber implementations that break claimed constant-time guarantees of (EC)DSA implementations if secrets are close to a word boundary. We found that lazy re-sizing of Bignumbers in OpenSSL and LibreSSL yields a highly accurate and easily exploitable side channel, which has been acknowledged with two CVEs. Surprisingly, we also found a tiny but expressive leakage in the constant-time scalar multiplication of OpenSSL and BoringSSL. Moreover, in the process of reporting and patching, we identiﬁed newly introduced leakage with the support of our tool, thus preventing another attack-patch cycle. We open-source our tool, together with an intuitive graphical user interface we developed.
Young Women Knowledge and Interest in Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Junior High Schools, Indonesia

Cancer sufferers around the world have increased every year, in 2012 there were 8.2 million deaths from cancer, according to WHO this figure will reach 27 million new cases by 2030. Breast cancer is a non-communicable disease that is very high risk of death if not handled properly. Breast cancer sufferers are not only attack the adult women, even the teenagers are susceptible to breast cancer. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and interest of the young women to early detecting of breast cancer. The research method was a cross sectional analytic survey conducted in November 2018 June 2019 at Bulukumba Junior High School, Indonesia. Data collection used the questionnaire for 46 young womens who were willing to become respondents. The results showed more than half of the respondents (67.4%) responded to the detection of breast cancer positively, the respondents were more dominant had a fairly good level of knowledge (69.6%) and respondents had more good interest (54.3%). There is a conclusion that there is a very significant relationship between the level of knowledge with the desire of the young women to do early detection of breast cancer, as well as the interest of the young women to do early detection of breast cancer as evidenced by the results of both that have a chi square test < 0.05.