Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apical Sealing Ability of Experimental Apatite Calcium Phosphate based Coated Gutta-percha Points

Aims: This study aimed to assess the apical sealing ability of experimental apatite-coated gutta-percha points compared to various coated gutta-percha root filling materials. Study Design: Experimental in-vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, June 2014 and November 2014. Methodology: Ninety-six extracted permanent maxillary central incisors were standardized and prepared by ProTaper universal rotary files. The specimens were allocated into six groups (n=15) and filled using matching single cone technique as follows; EndoREZ points with EndoREZ sealer, Bioceramic coated points (BCGP), Active GP (ActiV GP), Conventional gutta-percha (GP), apatite coated GP (HAGP) all in combination with Endosequence BC sealer. The sixth group was filled using cold lateral compaction of Conventional GP and Endosequence BC sealer. The specimens were subjected to a dye leakage test. The remaining six teeth were divided equally to be used as a negative and positive control. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the post hoc Dunnett T3 test was performed for data analysis, and the significance value was set at P =. 05. Results: ActiV GP had the least leakage followed by BCGP, HAGP, cold lateral compaction, conventional GP, and EndoRez. Conclusion: HAGP as root canal filling showed favourable sealing ability comparable to ActiV GP, BCGP, and conventional GP and it was superior to EndoREZ.
ONLINE EDUCATION: EVALUATION OF STUDENTS PERCEPTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

: The pandemic of COVID-19 caused a dramatic shift in education and the educational process. This has had a significant impact on e-learning and m-learning instructional activities via digital platforms, which are now widely used by learners and instructors. The acceptance and use of these platforms is a topic of interest among researchers, and this study seeks to assess users' perceptions of online education during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) structural model was used to capture behavioral intention and use behavior. The results obtained showed that performance expectancy has the greatest influence on behavioral intention, which has the greatest influence on use behavior. Furthermore, use behavior is largely influenced by behavioral intention, followed by the facilitating conditions, and performance expectancy. In contrast, the results showed that effort expectancy has no effect on behavioral intention. Furthermore, the clear majority of students believe that online education and the usage of e-learning/m-learning technologies are useful, simple to use, and contribute to the more efficient completion of work duties during the learning process. In addition, they aim to continue using online platforms and education in future learning activities .
External and Terminal Ballistics of Early Bronze Age Lithic Arrowheads: Experimental Verification

ABSTRACT Lithic archery projectiles during the short timespan at the end of the Eneolithic period and the beginning of the Bronze Age in Europe have alternately been deemed hunting implements, weapons, or symbolic artefacts. More than 400 projectiles of this period have been analysed in 3D metrics. All but a few are triangular barbed projectiles. Despite differences in size and weight, four types of arrowheads have been identified using 3D shape alone. Experiments to clarify their ballistic behaviour, based on weight, Tip Cross-Sectional Area (TCSA), differences in the shaping of their tips, the height of the cross-section, and cross-sectional asymmetry in distribution of mass were carried out. The 3D data on the projectiles, their wound cavities, and their measured initial and impact velocities were used to verify functional differences and the potential wounding impact.
Elevated plasma total homocysteine levels increased the risk for dementia in the elderly.

A s s e s s m e n t o f r i s k f a c t o r s Baseline data were collected on the plasma total homocysteine level. Analyses were adjusted for baseline age; sex; apolipoprotein E genotype (93% of participants); plasma levels of folate (98% of participants), vitamin B12 (85% of participants), and vitamin B6 (92% of participants); educational status; history of stroke; cigarette smoking; alcohol intake; diabetes mellitus; systolic blood pressure; and body mass index.
Oral disintegrating desmopressin tablet is effective for partial congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with AVPR2 mutation: a case report

Abstract. Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare disease that causes polydipsia and polyuria, and there are currently no effective treatments for most cases, particularly severe ones. The present report describes the case of a 1-yr-5-mo-old male patient with partial congenital NDI who was successfully treated with oral disintegrating 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). The patient presented with poor weight gain and polydipsia (fluid, 1.5 L/d) and received a diagnosis of NDI after genetic analysis revealed an AVPR2 mutation (c.383A>C, p.Y128S). His water-restricted urine osmolality increased from 360 mOsm/kg/H2O to 667 mOsm/kg/H2O after subcutaneous AVP injection, indicating that he had some urine concentrating ability. Oral disintegrating DDAVP therapy was started at 360 µg/d with hydrochlorothiazide and increased to 720 µg/d without any adverse effects. A 30% decrease in urine output and water intake was followed by an increase in body weight. The present study is the first to report the effectiveness and safety of oral disintegrating DDAVP in a patient with partial congenital NDI due to an AVPR2 gene mutation. The severity of NDI at which DDAVP therapy is the most effective remains to be determined.
Ab initio
 calculation of the magnetic Gibbs free energy of materials using magnetically constrained supercells

We present a first-principles approach for the computation of the magnetic Gibbs free energy of materials using magnetically constrained supercell calculations. Our approach is based on an adiabatic approximation of slowly varying local moment orientations, the so-called finite-temperature disordered local moment picture. It describes magnetic phase transitions and how electronic and/or magnetostructural mechanisms generate a discontinuous (first-order) character. We demonstrate that the statistical mechanics of the local moment orientations can be described by an affordable number of supercell calculations containing noncollinear magnetic configurations. The applicability of our approach is illustrated by firstly studying the ferromagnetic state in bcc Fe. We then investigate the temperature-dependent properties of a triangular antiferromagnetic state stabilizing in two antiperovskite systems Mn3AN (A = Ga, Ni). Our calculations provide the negative volume expansion of these materials as well as the ab initio origin of the discontinuous character of the phase transitions, electronic and/or magnetostructural, in good agreement with experiment.
Risk Disclosures in Bank Reporting: Sustainable Finance Roadmap Era

AbstractObjective – This research aims to investigate risk disclosures in bank reporting in the era of the sustainable finance roadmap.Methodology – This research uses a content analysis approach with 252 annual reports and 85 stand-alone sustainability reports on banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2014-2020.Results – The research results indicate that risk disclosures contained in 36 bank reports listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the era of the sustainable finance roadmap as an effort to detect risks and anticipate sustainable finance risks in the annual reports and the stand-alone sustainability reports. In line with the Sustainable Finance Action Plan, the banking companies’ effort to provide long-term value creation for sustainable competitive advantage and society and environment and strengthening resilience because they have managed all economic, social, and environmental risks.Research Implications – Strengthening sustainable finance that focuses on the basic regulatory framework and reporting system by anticipating sustainable finance risks can maintain the company's continuity and improve the community's welfare to support the Government in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Quantifying the safety effects of pavement friction improvements – results from a large-scale study

Abstract It is fairly well understood that there is link between pavement friction and safety, or more specifically, the probability of wet-weather skidding crashes. However, robust knowledge on the comparative quantitative effects on safety for specific treatments that improve pavement friction, which can assist pavement engineers in economically justifying and prioritising treatments, is sparse. The large-scale study on which this paper is based aimed to firm up this knowledge for a variety of low-cost treatments and road classes, using state-of-the-art methodology and substantial, high-quality data-sets. This was a retrospective study for pavement safety performance, looking back at crash data before and after treatments was implemented. Both flexible and rigid pavement treatments were analysed and crash modification factors were estimated for several target crash types and road classes. The majority of the friction improvement treatments considered under this effort are typically used for pavement preservation or minor rehabilitation purposes. Although pavement engineers recognise that these treatments generally improve safety, they are not typically installed by highway agencies explicitly for safety improvement objectives. The combined results for most treatment types confirmed nevertheless the safety benefits for wet-road crashes, with a few exceptions. For dry road crashes, there was some evidence of the deleterious effects of speed adaptation to new surfaces in that crashes increased for a few treatments on some road types.
The Typology of The Global Financial Crisis and the Solution in Islamic Economic Perspective

Economic globalization has triggered more frequent financial crises. Financial crises constantly repeat every specific time. This article reviews the typology of the global financial crisis and the solutions offered by Islamic economics. The research uses a historical approach. Five typologies of the global financial crisis, namely: Speculative bubbles and Crash, Sovereign Default, Balance of payment crisis, systemic banking crisis, and Energy Crisis. The financial crisis typologies of Speculative bubbles and Crash are the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, Black Monday, Japanese Asset Bubble, Dot-com Bubble, US Saving & Loan Crisis, and the Suprime Mortgage Crisis. The financial crisis typology of Sovereign Default is the Latin American Debt Crisis, the Mexican Peso Crisis, the Asian Financial Crisis, and the European Crisis. The typology of financial crisis Balance of payment crisis is the Mexican Peso Crisis and the Russian Financial Crisis. The financial typology of the energy crisis is the oil crisis. Islamic economics offers a solution so that the financial crisis does not recur in the future. The prohibition of riba, maysir and ghaarar transactions offers a solution to the financial crisis typology of Speculative bubbles and Crash. The principle of equity financing in Islamic economics is a solution to the financial crisis of the Sovereign Default typology. Islamic economics prioritizes the financial sector, which is in line with the real sector as a solution to the financial crisis typology of the Balance of payment crisis. The value of morality (akhlakul karimah) is a solution to the financial crisis because of the moral hazard.
Effects of Injury Severity and Brain Temperature on KAT6A Expression after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a range of neural changes. A comprehensive understanding of the injury-induced lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A) response, particularly the temporal profile of biochemical alterations, is crucial to design effective therapeutic interventions.Methods: Experiments were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The influence of post-traumatic hypothermia (32°C) or hyperthermia (39°C) on the temporal and regional expression profiles of KAT6A was assessed after moderate or severe TBI. qPCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression of KAT6A in different groups.Results: In the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres, significantly lower protein and mRNA expression of KAT6A was found after TBI than sham injury. Moreover, two expression minima of KAT6A were observed in the cortex and hippocampus of the ipsilateral hemisphere. A decrease in injury severity was associated with lower levels of KAT6A mRNA at 12 h and protein at 24 h, but KAT6A mRNA at 48 h and protein at 72 h had alterations. Compared with normothermia and hyperthermia, post-traumatic hypothermia intensified the decrease in KAT6A at both the mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, hyperthermia, as compared with normothermia, did not significantly affect the levels of KAT6A mRNA at 12 h and protein at 24 h, but triggered a significant increase in levels of KAT6A mRNA at 24 h and protein at 72 h. Furthermore, an overall upregulation of KAT6A after TBI was associated with greater injury severity in a time-dependent manner.Conclusions: Post-traumatic hypothermia plays a key role in the regulation of KAT6A expression and thus may at least partially explain the phenotype of post-traumatic temperature in secondary injury after TBI.
Finite-time observer-based control of linear impulsive systems with persistently acting impact

Abstract This paper investigates the control problem of linear impulsive systems with persistently acting impact. By generalizing the conventional stability definition, this paper proposes a finite time observer, which guarantees the finite time convergence independent of the persistently acting impact. The observation error is proved to be bounded, and can be attenuated to any desired level. After that, traditional feedback controller based on the proposed observer is adopted, and the closed-loop stability is analyzed for linear impulsive systems with persistently acting impact. This approach is applied to treat the tracking problem of the double integrator systems, and the simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed method.
PCAtest: testing the statistical significance of Principal Component Analysis in R

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most broadly used statistical methods for the ordination and dimensionality-reduction of multivariate datasets across many scientific disciplines. Trivial PCs can be estimated from data sets without any correlational structure among the original variables, and traditional criteria for selecting non-trivial PC axes are difficult to implement, partially subjective or based on ad hoc thresholds. PCAtest is an R package that implements permutation-based statistical tests to evaluate the overall significance of a PCA, the significance of each PC axis, and of contributions of each observed variable to the significant axes. Based on simulation and empirical results, I encourage R users to routinely apply PCAtest to test the significance of their PCA before proceeding with the direct interpretation of PC axes and/or the utilization of PC scores in subsequent evolutionary and ecological analyses.
A neuronal theta band signature of error monitoring during integration of facial expression cues

Error monitoring is the metacognitive process by which we are able to detect and signal our errors once a response has been made. Monitoring when the outcome of our actions deviates from the intended goal is crucial for behavior, learning, and the development of higher-order social skills. Here, we explored the neuronal substrates of error monitoring during the integration of facial expression cues using electroencephalography (EEG). Our goal was to investigate the signatures of error monitoring before and after a response execution dependent on the integration of facial cues. We followed the hypothesis of midfrontal theta as a robust neuronal marker of error monitoring since it has been consistently described as a mechanism to signal the need for cognitive control. Also, we hypothesized that EEG frequency-domain components might bring advantage to study error monitoring in complex scenarios as it carries information from locked and non-phase-locked signals. A challenging go/no-go saccadic paradigm was applied to elicit errors: integration of facial emotional signals and gaze direction was required to solve it. EEG data were acquired from twenty healthy participants and analyzed at the level of theta band activity during response preparation and execution. Although theta modulation has been consistently demonstrated during error monitoring, it is still unclear how early it starts to occur. We found theta power differences at midfrontal channels between correct and error trials. Theta was higher immediately after erroneous responses. Moreover, before response initiation we observed the opposite: lower theta preceding errors. These results suggest theta band activity not only as an index of error monitoring, which is needed to enhance cognitive control, but also as a requisite for success. This study adds to previous evidence for the role of theta band in error monitoring processes by revealing error-related patterns even before response execution in complex tasks, and using a paradigm requiring the integration of facial expression cues.
Additive Manufacturing of Bio-Inspired Ceramic Bone Scaffolds: Structural Design, Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility

: Ideal bone scaffolds require good biocompatibility and moderate mechanical properties, so as to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, and achieve the good bone repair. Inspired by the porous structure of cancellous bone, 15 groups of bone scaffolds with variable irregularity (Ir1-5) and porosity (35.53-61.75%) were designed and fabricated by ceramic digital light processing (DLP) using 20 wt. % hydroxyapatite doped zirconia as the matrix material. The effects of structural parameters and material on mechanical properties and biocompatibility were studied. The shrinkage test results showed that the density of scaffolds was mainly affected by the porosity. The mechanical test results showed that Ir2 and Ir3 scaffolds had better compressive behaviors, and the compressive strength could be increased by 30% by regulating the irregularity. All scaffolds showed comparable mechanical properties to that of cancellous bone. Cell experiments showed that the effect of structure on cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization was most evident at the early stage of implantation. Meanwhile, the biocompatibility variation with the irregularity was consistent with mechanical properties. This study proved that a bio-inspired bone scaffold with excellent comprehensive properties could be obtained through reasonable design.
Superiority of Mesoporous Silica-Based Amorphous Formulations over Spray-Dried Solid Dispersions

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two amorphous formulation strategies: mesoporous silica via solvent impregnation, and solid dispersions by spray drying. Poorly soluble fenofibrate was chosen as the model drug compound. A total of 30% Fenofibrate-loaded mesoporous silica and spray-dried solid dispersions (SDD) were prepared for head-to-head comparisons, including accelerated stability, manufacturability, and in vitro biorelevant dissolution. In the accelerated stability study under 40 °C/75% RH in open dish, mesoporous silica was able to maintain amorphous fenofibrate for up to 3 months based on solid-state characterizations by PXRD and DSC. This result was superior compared to SDD, as recrystallization was observed within 2 weeks. Under the same drug load, fenofibrate-loaded mesoporous silica showed much better flowability than fenofibrate-loaded SDD, which is beneficial for powder handling of the intermediate product during the downstream process. The in vitro 2-stage dissolution results indicated a well-controlled release of fenofibrate from mesoporous silica in the biorelevant media, rather than a burst release followed by fast precipitation due to the recrystallization in the early simulated gastric phase for SDD. The present study demonstrates that mesoporous silica is a promising formulation platform alternative to prevailing spray-dried solid dispersions for oral drug product development.
Wi-Fi-Based Fall Detection Using Spectrogram Image of Channel State Information

Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI)-based fall detection systems have a great potential compared with other alternatives since they are nonintrusive and nonspace limited. However, in the conventional work on Wi-Fi CSI-based fall detection, a phenomenon is commonly observed: the classification performance degrades when data in different environments are used for learning and testing. Nonetheless, when the signal-to-noise-power ratio (SNR) is small, the conventional methods cannot capture features of motion and cannot segment signals accurately. Therefore, there is a need to address these problems in order to build a robust fall detection system. In this article, we propose a spectrogram-image-based fall detection using Wi-Fi CSI. Unlike the conventional method, CSI is segmented with a certain sliding-time window, and then the classifier detects fall by using the spectrogram image generated from the segmented CSI. We use a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) optimized for binary classification of the spectrogram images of the fall and nonfall motions. We carried out experiments to evaluate the classification performance of our proposed method against the conventional one by using motion data in two different rooms for learning and testing. As a result, we confirmed that our proposed method outperforms the conventional one and reaches over 0.92 accuracy. In addition, compared with the conventional method, the fall detection performance of our method does not degrade even when using different environment data for learning and testing.
Meritocracy and Representation

A standard conception of meritocracy, reflected in state referenda and the many legal filings against university admissions policies, is that selection rules should be blind to group identity and monotonic in measures of past accomplishment. We present theoretical arguments and survey empirical evidence challenging this view. Past accomplishment is often a garbled signal of multiple traits, some of which matter more for future performance than others. In such cases, group identity can be informative as a predictor of success and the increased representation of resource-disadvantaged groups could improve organizational performance. This perspective helps explain some recent empirical findings regarding the efficiency effects of group-contingent selection and moves us toward a conception of meritocracy more closely tied to organizational mission. (JEL I23, I26, I28, J15)