Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The recalcitrant plant species, Castanospermum australe and Trichilia dregeana, differ in their ability to produce dehydrin-related polypeptides during seed maturation and in response to ABA or water-deficit-related stresses

In constrast to seeds of orthodox species, those ol recalcitrant species do not acquire desiccation toler-ance during their development and are shed from the parent plant at high water contents. Dehydrin production in seeds of recalcitrant species was examined during development and germination, in response to abscisic acid (ABA), and following the imposition of various water-deficit-related stresses, including desiccation, water stress, high salt, high osmolarity, and low temperature. Two tropical species exhibited a differential capacity to produce dehydrin-related proteins during seed maturation. Dehydrins were present in axes and cotyledons of Castanospermum australe seeds during mid-maturation and at maturity. In Trichilia dregeana, no dehydrin-related polypeptides were detected in the mature seed. During the development of C. australe seeds, the nature of the dehydrin-related polypeptides accumulated in the cotyledons and axis changed and new polypeptides were detected in the mature seeds that were not present during mid-maturation. The dehydrins present in cotyledons of mature seeds (31, 37 and 40 kDa) were still detectable after germination (i.e. in untreated seedlings). These dehydrins became less abundant in the cotyledons of C. australe seedlings following ABA and all stress treatments except cold, although most of the dehydrins were still detectable. An exception was the desiccation-treated seedlings, in which no dehydrins were detected. In the roots of C. australe seedlings, no dehydrins were found after germination nor were they induced in the root by ABA or any of the stress treatments imposed on seedlings. Seedlings of Trichilia dregeana did not produce dehydrins in the roots or cotyledons when exposed to ABA or water-deficit-related stresses.
TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ARACHIS (LEGUMINOSAE)

9 Resumen . 10 Introduction . 12 History of the Collections . 15 Summary of Germplasm Explorations . 18 The Fruit of Arachis and its Capabilities . 20 “Socias” or Twin Species . 24 Intraspecific Variability . 24 Reproductive Strategies and Speciation . 25 Dispersion . 27 The Sections of Arachis . 27 Arachis L. 28 Key for Identifying the Sections . 33 I. Sect. Trierectoides Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 34 Key for distinguishing the species . 34 II. Sect. Erectoides Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 40 Key for distinguishing the species . 41 III. Sect. Extranervosae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 67 Key for distinguishing the species . 67 IV. Sect. Triseminatae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 83 V. Sect. Heteranthae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 85 Key for distinguishing the species . 85 VI. Sect. Caulorrhizae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 94 Key for distinguishing the species . 95 VII. Sect. Procumbentes Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 99 Key for distinguishing the species . 99 VIII. Sect. Rhizomatosae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 113 Key for distinguishing the species . 114 Ser. Prorhizomatosae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. ser. 114 Ser. Rhizomatosae . 117 IX. Sect. Arachis . 123 Key for distinguishing the species . 124 Arachis hypogaea L. 167 Key for distinguishing the taxa of A. hypogaea . 171 Taxa of dubious position . 175 Acknowledgements . 175 Literature Cited . 176 Numerical List of the Taxa . 181 List of Collectors . 182 List of Parent Numbers used in Crosses. 192 Abbreviations of Collectors' Names . 194 Interspecific Crosses Conducted . 195 List of Scientific Names Cited in Text . 203
Employees' IT intention and usage behavior at agribusiness in China

This study attempts to provide insights into agribusiness employees’ IT intentions and usage behavior in China. The paper proposes an integrated model based on Motivation Theory and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and tests the hypothesis using Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Causal Path Analysis. The results show that positive motivation to use IT by agribusiness employee includes intrinsic goal-orientation, extrinsic goalorientation, task value and self-efficacy. Employee’s intention is positively related to usage behavior.
EFFECT OF SOME FATTY ACIDS ON VIRULENCE FACTORS OF PROTEUS MIRABILIS

A total of 131 urine samples from catheterized urinary tract for patients in intensive care units were collected from five hospitals at Baghdad over three months. Urine samples were cultured on blood agar & Mac Conkey medium; 103 sample were positive bacteriological culture (78.6%); the isolates have been diagnosed depending on morphological characters & biochemical tests, Proteus spp. 22 isolate (21.3%) were diagnosed by using vitek 2 Gram Negative Identification (GNI) cards; Proteus mirabilis isolates were (17) with percentage (77%), while Proteus vulgaris were (5) with percentage (23%). The sensitivity of the isolates against (14) antibiotics was investigated, the results showed high resistance of the isolates to many antibiotics especially for erythromycin (100%) while they were sensitive to imipenem (100%) followed by nitrofurantien (94%) then ciprofloxacin (82.3 %). Multiple concentrations of fatty acids (lauric, palmitic, oleic, stearic) have been prepared & tested on some virulence factors (swarming, heamolysin, biofilm formation) of P. mirabilis isolates as well as the effect of fatty acids on the content of sugar & fat of lipopolysaccharide have been examined. The results indicated that the lauric acid was the most effective fatty acid in the inhibition of virulence factors while oleic acid was good stimulant for production of heamol ysin & swarming, also there was noticeable inhibition of biofilm formation by lauric & oleic acids, as well as the re sults showed that all fatty acids in this study have the ability to decrease the content of sugar & fat of lipopolysaccharide.
Length–weight and length–length relationships of 139 Indo‐Pacific fish species (Teleostei) from the Davao Gulf, Philippines

Length–weight relationships (LWRs) of 139 coral reef andpelagic fish species (representing 34 fish families) were calculatedbased on 3806 individuals measured at local fish marketsnear the Davao Gulf in the southern Philippines duringweekly visits between March 2009 and July 2011, as well asin June 2012. Fishes were caught with a variety of fishingmethods, corroborated by abrasions and injuries. Fortysevenof 139 LWRs were firstly reported and new to science.The mean slope b of the LWRs was 3.035, indicating thatthe majority of studied species followed isometric growth.Standard length – total length relationships were calculatedfor all measured fish species. Additionally, standard length –fork length relationships are presented for 108 species. Moreover,fifteen new records of maximum fish length and weightare reported.
Bacillus thuringiensis isolates entomopathogenic for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Samples of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were collected from soil and insects. Eight isolates were selected from rural soil, 15 from urban soil and 11 from insects. These were evaluated for entomopathogenicity against larvae of Anticarsia gemmatalis and Culex quinquefasciatus. The pathogenicity tests showed that a higher percentage of isolates were active against A. gemmatalis (60%) compared to C. quinquefasciatus (31%). Probit analysis (LC 50 ) indicated that against A. gemmatalis four of the isolates presented values similar to the reference strain against A. gemmatalis, while against C. quinquefasciatus one isolate showed an LC 50 similar to the reference strain (IPS-82). SDS-PAGE characterisation of two isolates showed a 27 kDa protein fraction related to the Bt subspecies israelensis cytolytic toxin (cyt) gene. One 130 kDa protein, possibly related to the Bt crystal inclusions (cry1) gene, was identified in the other two isolates, which were more toxic for lepidoptera; another isolate presented a protein of 100 kDa. Some new local Bt isolates had similar LC50 probit values to the reference strains.
Expression of TLR4 and CD14 in the Central Nervous System (CNS) in a MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's-Like Disease

Systemic infections are often associated with neurodegenerative processes in many diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including Parkinson's disease. Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and CD14 act as receptors for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released by gram-negative bacteria. In this contest, CD14 functions as the main LPS ligand and TLR4 transmits the LPS signal into the cell. In this paper, we investigated the expression of TLR4 and CD14, in different anatomical areas of the CNS, in an experimental model of Parkinson's-like disease, represented by MPTP-treated mouse. In particular, we analyzed the gene transcripts and proteins expression of CD14 and TLR4, in the substantia nigra and caudate-putamen nuclei of these animals. Results demonstrated an augmented expression of both CD14 and TLR4 in the substantia nigra of mice treated with MPTP in comparison to untreated animals, suggesting that the endotoxin receptors are over expressed in different manner in specific areas of the CNS during Parkinson's-like disease.
INFLUENCE OF LIGHT LEVEL ON PERFORMANCE OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE ON SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. AND ON RESISTANCE EXPRESSION IN S. BERTHAULTII HAWKES

The influence of light level on the expression of resistance in Solanum berthaultii Hawkes (accessions PI 473331 and PI 473334) to the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was studied by exposing plants to two levels of photosynthetically active radiation: 272 ± 37 μE/m 2 per sec and 1025 ± 150 μE/m 2 per sec. Over 26 days, shading generally reduced densities of type A and B glandular trichomes, volume of trichome exudate, and phenolic oxidation activity of type A trichomes. In both light regimes, larvae reared on S. tuberosum L. were heavier, developed more rapidly, and had greater survival than those reared on S. berthaultii. Similarly, females reared on S. tuberosum were heavier and produced 10- to 20-fold more egg masses and 68 to 472 times more eggs than those reared on S. berthaultii grown at the same light level. Light level did not affect larval weight, developmental time, survival, adult weight, or fecundity of CPB on either host plant species.
Lectin Histochemistry Reveals Changes in Carbohydrate Expression on Morphological Types of Breast Ductal Carcinoma in situ

Breast Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) show a high degree of architectural heterogeneity and what kind of DCIS lesions will progress to invasive disease remains unknown. Thus, its characterization remains a complex process. In addition, in the same tumor we can find different types of lesions that presented different biological behaviour and morphology. Carbohydrate expression changes play crucial roles in carcinogenesis of the breast, becoming the study these changes a useful tool for an accurate predictor. In this context, this work aimed analyzed the differential expression of specific carbohydrates among the DCIS lesion through lectin histochemistry and its correlation with its behaviors. Glycobiology expression of 218 DCIS samples of human breast cancer was investigated by MAL-II, PNA, WGA, PHA-L and SNA lectins. MAL-II was more expressed (p=0.0191) in cribriform (positive in 100%) than in comedo (positive in 41.2%) and solid lesions (p=0.0440). However, PNA profile showed a higher reactivity in comedo (p=0.0052) and micropapillary (p=0.0010) lesions when compared to solid one. The other lectins showed different expression degrees in all lesions analyzed but none was statistically relevant. Our results revels different carbohydrate patterns concerning different DCIS morphological subtypes indicating that these lesions could act as independent biological entities.
Post-mortem changes in chicken muscle : some key biochemical processes involved in the conversion of muscle to meat

The post mortem changes taking place in poultry muscular tissue and the resulting meat quality, until the moment of consumption of the meat by the consumer are described. Modern broiler chickens grow 'at the edge of what is metabolically possible'. This hypothesis is derived from the fact that muscle, and thus protein, accretion is accomplished through a dynamic equilibrium between synthesis and degradation. The cell reaches a certain maximum synthesis capacity. To grow beyond this maximum synthesis capacity the cell has to decrease it degradation. This in its turn is of great influence for meat aging. The chromatographic properties of a class of proteinases, important for meat aging, called calpains as well as the development of a method for the quantification of the activity of these enzymes is described. Furthermore, a number of endogenous proteinase and inhibitor activities, important for meat aging, was measured in four chicken selection lines differing in both growth rate and protein efficiency. Differences between lines were observed, the fastest growing lines showing the lowest proteolytic capacities of the calpain/calpastatin system while the slower growing animals showed higher proteolytic potentials in their breast muscles. The highly protein efficient line showed high proteinase capacity of cathepsin H. Studies on the post mortem course of both the protein and the energy metabolism in the above mentioned selectionlines are described. The slowest growing lines showed the fastest post mortem meat tenderization while the faster growing lines showed slower tenderization, which was not yet completed within 48 hours post mortem. This suggests that increasing growth speed, which is aimed at by the poultry production industry, may at the end lead to meat aging problems and an unacceptable poultry meat quality, especially since the retail sector strives for shorter periods between slaughter and presentation to the customer, based on microbiological considerations. The development of methods to measure the post mortem proteolytic degradation of the cytoskeletal proteins titin, nebulin, desmin and vinculin using SDS-PAGE and 'Western blotting' are described. Possible candidate fragments of the different cytoskeletal proteins were identified to serve as markers for monitoring the course of meat aging.
Style matters

We have copied this title from a well known weekly journal. Does it mean that this piece is about style or that style is important or both? We all know about the style of a dress or suit, but what is the ideal style for a paper and why do technical editors change words to conform with 'house style'? Swift said 'Proper words in proper places, makes the true definitions of a style'. 1 Papers in scientific journals need to be written in a style in which the meaning is clear to all readers including those whose mother tongue is not English. The house style of a journal ensures uniformity and avoids unnecessary changes. Technical editors improve the clarity of original papers by removing ambiguous and imprecise words but they may alter the nuances of meaning and obscure the sparkle which readers find attractive in personal styles. Asher was highly critical of the dull British Medical Journal of his day and would have been pleased with his influence on the journal of today.2 In the past, all papers were written in the passive but the occasional use of the personal pronoun may encourage a reader to start a paper on a boring subject. After this month we shall publish results in Systeme Internationale (SI) units only and there will be no conversion factors to the old units. Papers will be less cluttered with numbers and easier to read. Other measures will improve clarity. A large proportion of our papers are now assessed by a statistical referee as well as a paediatric referee but detailed statistics, including p values, will be avoided in the summary which may otherwise become difficult to read. The technical editor needs space to introduce instructions to the printer. This is not possible if the paper has single spacing and pages are not numbered. Papers which are typed so that all the words on the right hand edge are aligned (justified on the right) are neat but words are broken and this introduces ambiguities for the printer. Authors who ignore advice (page 183) will have their manuscripts returned to them before assessment.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in Wild Boars Reared in Different Types of Captive Setting in Thailand

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are account as economically important pathogens in swine business worldwide. The studies of these two pathogens in Thailand were restricted on domestic pigs in swine industry and the status of these pathogens in wild boars is currently not available. This cross-sectional study aimed at estimating the seroprevalence of antibodies to these agents in captive wild boars. Fifty-two serum samples were collected from wild boars reared in three different types of captive settings including a commercial wild boar farm, a wildlife breeding research station and a zoo. All serum samples were examined for antibodies to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by ELISA methods. The results revealed that the highest true prevalence of both pathogens was found in sera derived from wild boars in wildlife breeding research station at 69 and 66% for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae respectively. This study is the first to reveal seroprevalence of antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaein wild boar populations in Thailand. More detailed investigations are critically needed.
Impact of Round Gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) on Dreissenids (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis) and the Associated Macroinvertebrate Community Across an Invasion Front

ABSTRACT We studied the impact of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) on lithophilic invertebrates (having an association with a stony substrate) across an invasion front along the Door Peninsula, which flanks eastern Green Bay, Lake Michigan. We conducted both a cross-invasion front field survey and a rock-transfer experiment. For the field survey, we collected pairs of rocks from ten sites, including sites north of the invasion front and south of the invasion front. Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), quagga mussels (D. bugensis), and non-mussel invertebrates were removed from the rocks and enumerated. The rocks were measured and the algae removed and weighed. Round gobies were censused by videotaping along transects. There was a statistically significant negative relationship with round goby abundance for most invertebrates, including zebra mussels, quagga mussels, isopods, and snails, with the result for amphipods being suggestive. For the experiment, we transferred 20 rocks in bags from a round goby “absent” site with 10 going to a round goby abundant site and 10 being returned to the original site. The rocks incubated overnight, invertebrates were removed the next day, and the rocks were measured. There were significantly fewer zebra mussels, quagga mussels, isopods, amphipods, and snails from the rocks incubated at the round goby abundant site compared to those returned to the round goby-free site. Thus, the results of the survey and rock-transfer experiment suggest that round gobies are influencing the benthic macroinvertebrate abundance through predation. The negative impact on mussels is probably due to direct predation while the negative impact on the other invertebrates may be a combination of direct predation and indirect effects due to the loss of the microhabitat or food that zebra mussels produce.
Effect of Dietary Rumen Protected Choline Supplementation on Milk Choline Content in Crossbred Cows

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing rumen protected choline (RPC) on milk yield, composition and milk choline content of crossbred cows. Twenty five crossbred cows (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) were selected on the basis of most probable production ability (MPPA; 4116 kg) and lactation number (2nd to 4th). The cows were divided into 5 groups of five animals each. Animals in control group (T1) were fed chopped wheat straw (particle size: 1.5–2.0 cm), chaffed green maize fodder (particle size: 2.0–2.5 cm) and concentrate mixture as per requirements (NRC, 2001). Animals in second group (T2) were fed with 54 g RPC (10 g intestinally deliverable), third group (T3) with 81 g RPC (15 g intestinally deliverable), fourth group (T4) with 108 g RPC (20 g intestinally deliverable), and fifth group (T5) with 135 g RPC (25 g intestinally deliverable) per cow per day along with basal diet as fed to group T1. The actual duration of the experiment was 7 days after an adaptation period of 21 days. It was observed that commercial RPC product contained 25.44% choline. The rumen escape potential (REP) of the product was 72.89% with effective degradability of 27.11%. Choline supplementation had no effect on milk yield and composition, however, milk choline content was higher (P<0.05) in RPC supplemented groups as compared to that of group T1 but the level of RPC did not have any significant effect on milk choline content. Thus, the lowest dose of 54 g RPC/cow/d was considered best for feeding to animals because beyond that level there was no additional benefit in terms of increase in milk choline content in crossbred cows.
Isolation by Distance in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica ,i n

Intensiveefforts areunderwaytorestoredepletedstocks ofCrassostreavirginicainChesapeakeBay.However,theextentofgene flow among local populations, an important force mediating the success of these endeavors, is poorly understood. Spatial and temporal population structures were examined in C. virginica from Chesapeake Bay using eight microsatellite loci. Deficits in heterozygosity relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations were seen at all loci and were best explained by null alleles. Permutation tests indicated that heterozygote deficiency reduced power in tests of differentiation. Nonetheless, genotypic exact tests demonstrated significant levels of geographic differentiation overall, and a subtle pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) was observed. Comparisons between age classes failed to show differences in genotype frequencies, allelic richness, gene diversity, or differentiation as measured by FST, contrary to predictions made by the sweepstakes hypothesis. The IBD pattern could reflect an evolutionary equilibrium established because local gene flow predominates, or be influenced in either direction by recent anthropogenic activities. An evolutionary interpretation appears justified as more parsimonious, implying that local efforts to restore oyster populations will have local demographic payoffs, perhaps at the scale of tributaries or regional subestuaries within Chesapeake Bay.