Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Fairness Effect on Cooperation in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas when Equality is Perceived as Unfair

Eek, D. , Biel, A. , and Gärling, T. The fairness effect on cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas when equality is perceived as unfair. Göteborg Psychological Reports, 1999, 29, No. 2. In three experiments the hypothesis was examined that in an asymmetric social dilemma perceived fairness of the distribution promotes cooperation. In support of the hypothesis, the results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that willingness to voluntarily and anonymously pay for maintaining the quality of child care was related to ratings of perceived fairness of equal and equitable distributions of the quality of child care when it was a public good (provided by the municipality) or a market good (provided by private businesses). Experiment 1 also showed that an equal distribution of the public good was perceived to be fairer than an equal distribution of the market good, whereas the reverse was true for an equitable distribution. Economics students rated the equitable distribution as fairer and the equal one as less fair than did psychology students. These differences in ratings affected willingness to pay accordingly. Experiment 2 showed that when quality differences were explicitly revealed, an equitable distribution was by both student groups perceived as fairer than an equal distribution, irrespective of provision. Also the results of Experiment 3 corroborated the hypothesis in showing that an equitable distribution of quantity of child care was perceived to be fairer and increased willingness to pay as compared to an equal distribution.
Analysis of Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Profile on Application of Problem-Based Learning on Acid-Base

Lack of problem solving ability is caused by students' logical and mathematical thinking intelligence not honed, so that problem solving abilities and logical thinking is low. This results in student learning outcomes, as many as 75% of students do not pass KKM on acid-base. The study aims to analyze the profile of logical-mathematical intelligence in class XI SMA Islam Sudirman Ambarawa. The study was used mix methods sequential explanatory to explain the result of research and used purposive sampling technique with 34 samples, class XI MIA 2. The research describes aspects of intelligence, the aspects are the ability to calculating process and mathematical operations. The results of the study stated that the achievement of logical-mathematical intelligence in XI MIA 2 reached 60%. As many as 3 outs have very good intelligence with a percentage of 9%, while for sufficient and poor categories 76% and 15% respectively. It can be concluded that the application of problem-based learning trains active students in learning and trains students' problem-solving skills through steps of problem-based learning. Student’s problem-solving abilities influence cognitive abilities so that the profile of students' logical-mathematical intelligence after the application of problem-based learning reaches good enough category of logical-mathematical intelligence.
EFFECT OF SPRAYING COCONUT LIQUID AND MARINE ALGAE EXTRACT ON VEGETATIVE AND PRODUCTION PROPERTIES OF TWO TYPES OF STRAWBERRY FRAGARIA ANANASSA DUCH

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of spraying liquid coconut and marine algae extract on vegetative and yield characteristics of two types of strawberry for the season 2019 at the Faculty of Agricultural Science Engineering, University of Baghdad. The experiment was Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) within the split-plot, where varieties are the main factor and the spraying parameters were the secondary factor. The experiment included using two types of strawberry: Albion (V1) and Rubygems (V2) and two types of fertilizers, coconut liquid (0, 10, 20%) and marine algae extract (0, 5, 10 ml.l). The results showed the superiority of Rubygems in the increase of the number of leaves and leaf area compared to Albion, while there was no significant difference between the two varieties in the other qualities. The obtained results showed that spraying liquid coconut has a significant effect on vegetative and yield characteristics where C2 was superior with the highest plant height, the highest number of leaves, the largest leaf area, the highest content of chlorophyll in leaves, and the highest dry weight compared to C0. Spraying marine algae extract resulted in a superiority in K2 where the highest plant height, the highest number of leaves, the largest leaf area, the highest relative chlorophyll content in leaves and the highest dry weight compared to K0.
ICT Utility to Remote Rural Communities: a Case Study in Melung Village

In this paper, we explore the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) utilization of remote rural communities. ICT is utilized to solve slight agricultural problems in Melung Village. To obtain the understanding of the behavior of Melung Villagers use of technology, we use the social contractual utilitarianism implementation. This insight is one of the social humanism dimensions from Bryan Ellis' perspectives. This paper primarily features qualitative techniques consist of an in-depth interview and observation. Both techniques result show that an agreement to make a community that have a better situation is the crucial aspect to build social contractual utilitarianism dimension. The triangulation process results also confirms the agreements between the community members and the leader formally and informally. We discuss the other aspect of social humanism for future research studies.
The Effect of Foreclosures on Homeowners, Tenants, and Landlords

How costly is foreclosure? Estimates of the social cost of foreclosure typically focus on financial costs. Using random judge assignment instrumental variable (IV) and propensity score matching (PSM) approaches in Cook County, Illinois, we find evidence of significant non-pecuniary costs of foreclosure, particularly for foreclosed-upon homeowners. For all homeowners (IV and PSM), foreclosure causes housing instability, reduced homeownership, and financial distress. For marginal homeowners (IV) but not average homeowners (PSM), foreclosure also causes moves to worse neighborhoods and elevated divorce. We show that the difference between IV and PSM is due to treatment effect heterogeneity: marginal homeowners have more to lose than average homeowners. We find similar financial costs for landlords, although the non-financial effects we find for owners are absent. We find few negative effects for renters whose landlord forecloses. The contrast between our results for owners, renters, and landlords implies that the financial costs come from the financial loss while the non-financial costs for owners are due to a combination of eviction and financial loss rather than either individually. Our estimates imply that foreclosure is far more costly than current estimates imply, particularly for marginal cases that are most responsive to foreclosure mitigation policies, and that the costs are disproportionately borne by owners who lose their home.
A FRAMEWORK FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

Theorists and practitioners in the fjelds of development and conservation are giving increasing recognition to the interconnectedness of these specialities . Developers are beginning to realize that many of the natural resources available to humankind are finite. and should be conserved or used wisely. Similarly, conservationists are starting to recognize that attempts to secure the objectives of conservation will be futile in a world ravaged by poverty .
Exploring Social Customer Relationship Management Adoption in Micro, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

With the emergence of social media, customer relationship management has undergone noticeable changes and gained a great deal of attention from researchers and practitioners in recent years. In this paper, we provide additional insights into how intensively business-to-customer micro, small and medium-sized enterprises adopt social customer relationship management. Based on the literature review and insights from interviews with six micro, small and medium-sized enterprise owners/managers, we developed a conceptual research model that integrates the antecedents, intensity of social customer relationship management adoption, and performance outcomes. For the intensity of social customer relationship management adoption, we applied process-based conceptualization consisting of the customer engagement process and customer data management process. Then we empirically tested a conceptual research model by using data collected in a survey of 119 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in Slovenia. We found that not all antecedents are equally relevant to both processes of the intensity of social customer relationship management adoption. Additionally, we found that the intensity of social customer relationship management adoption has a positive effect on customer relationship performance. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for further research and offer practical implications for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises considering social customer relationship management adoption.
Perceived Incongruity of Gender and Leadership Roles: Experiences of Top Women Leaders in Malaysian Sports Associations

This study investigates the experiences of top women leaders in Malaysian sports associations with regard to discrepancy of gender and leadership roles, organizational discrimination, and pipeline problem in sport organizations. Data were collected through in-depth, face to face semi structured interviews, observations and document analysis involving seven women leaders in national sport organizations. The theme that emerged from the data was "experiences" related to the discrepancy of gender and leadership roles, organizational discrimination and leadership pipeline problem. These experiences result in the bias judgment against women as leaders, being denied of access, less supported and women being denied access to leadership positions. The results were discussed using the role congruity theory, homologous reproduction and pipeline problem. The findings in this study concluded the prejudices within the sporting system of the country contribute to the diminishing number of women role models because they opt to get out from the system than to embroil themselves into the situation. Consequently, there is a higher possibility for a fewer aspiring women leaders to pursue for leadership position.
Mechanism Selection and Trade Formation on Swap Execution Facilities: Evidence from Index CDS ∗†

The Dodd-Frank Act mandates that certain standard OTC derivatives be traded on swap execution facilities (SEF). This paper provides a granular analysis of SEF trading mechanisms, using message-level data for May 2016 from the two largest customer-to­ dealer SEFs in index CDS markets. Both SEFs oﬀer various execution mechanisms that diﬀer in how widely customers’ trading interests are exposed to dealers. A theoretical model shows that although exposing the order to more dealers increases competition, it also causes a more severe winner’s curse. Consistent with this trade-oﬀ, the data show that customers contact fewer dealers if the trade size is larger or nonstandard. Dealers are more likely to respond to customers’ inquiries if fewer dealers are involved in competition, if the notional size is larger, or if more dealers are making markets. Finally, dealers’ quoted spreads and customers’ transaction costs increase in notional quantity and the number of dealers involved. In addition to results related to the winner’s curse, past trading relationships also aﬀect customers’ requests and dealers’ responses. Our results contribute to the understanding of swaps markets by providing insights into the trade-oﬀs faced by investors and dealers.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL TRAITS AND MILK PRODUCTION IN FRIESIAN CATTLE USING THRESHOLD AND LINEAR MODELS

Recently, functional traits are of interest to dairy cattle breeders as their breeding goals consist of milk production traits as well as functional traits (FT). Thus, the main objective of the present study was to estimate (co)variance components, genetic and phenotypic parameters of functional traits and their associations with milk production trait. There were 3674 records collected from 1230 cows, daughters of 160 sires and 857 dams of a Friesian herd raised at Sakha experimental farm belonging to Animal Production Research Institute (APRI) in Egypt. Analyzing 305-day milk yield (M305) with FT (retained placenta (RP), stillbirth (SB), gestation length (GL) and days open (DO)) was carried out using two types of models. Bivariate threshold repeatability animal models were used to analyze binary functional traits (RP and SB) with M305 and other continuous FT (GL and DO). Bivariate Linear repeatability animal models were used to analyze continuous traits: M305, GL and DO. Estimates of heritability (h) ranged between 0.19 to 0.24 for M305; from 0.23 to 0.26 for RP; from 0.18 to 0.32 for SB; 0.07 for GL and around 0.01 for DO. The corresponding repeatability (t) estimates for M305 was 0.39; from 0.45 to 0.53 for RP; 0.99 for SB; from 0.08 to 0.11 for GL and from 0.01 to 0.26 for DO, respectively. Moderate h and high t estimates of SB with antagonistic moderate genetic correlations (rG) with M305 in addition to the moderate positive rG with both of GL and DO suggest that genetic improvement can be achieved for M305 and against SB occurrences through direct selection than indirect selection. Moreover, moderate h estimates of RP with positive rG with reproductive traits (GL and DO) were desirable in the sense that direct selection for minimizing the incidence and the risks of RP would result in progress of selection response against extended or prolonging both DO and GL in subsequent lactations. Selecting cows that have more milk could decrease SB cases in later lactations, but should be done with caution due to the unfavorable moderate rG between M305 and DO. Moderate positive rG estimates between GL and both of RP and SB emphasized that GL were genetically associated with SB and RP incidences.
WORKING PAPER SERIES EXPORTS AND FINANCIAL SHOCKS

A striking feature of many financial crises is the collapse of exports relative to output. In the 2008 financial crisis, real world exports plunged 17 percent while GDP fell 5 percent. This paper examines whether the drying up of trade finance can help explain the large drops in exports relative to output. This paper is the first to establish a causal link between the health of banks providing trade finance and growth in a firm’s exports relative to its domestic sales. We overcome measurement and endogeneity issues by using a unique data set, covering the Japanese financial crises of the 1990s, which enables us to match exporters with the main bank that provides them with trade finance. Our point estimates are economically and statistically significant, suggesting that trade finance accounts for about one-third of the decline in Japanese exports in the financial crises of the 1990s. Mary Amiti International Research Federal Reserve Bank of New York 33 Liberty St New York, NY 10045-0001 Mary.Amiti@ny.frb. org David E. Weinstein Columbia University Department of Economics 420 W. 118th Street MC 3308 New York, NY 10027 and NBER dew35@columbia.edu
FABRICATION OF HIGH PURITY SILICA FROM RICE HUSK AND ITS CONVERSION INTO ZSM-5

A white rice husk ash with a silica content of more than 99% was produced from a rice husk by a citric acid treatment before heating the rice husk at 700 oC to 1000 oC. The white ash mostly consisted of an amorphous phase, and cristobalite usually found after heating rice husk was not detected. The amorphous phase was still formed although the rice husk was burned at 1000 oC. These indicated that the citric acid dissolved part of the carbon compounds in the rice husk, followed by releasing of potassium and other alkali cations, and as a result, an amorphous high silica ash was formed without incorporation of crystal phases such as cristobalite. The white rice husk ash was successfully converted into ZSM5, a zeolite widely used as a catalyst in the petroleum industries.
When Does Teacher Incentive Pay Raise Student Achievement?: Evidence from Minnesota’s Q-Comp Program

Since 2005, dozens of Minnesota school districts have implemented pay for performance (P4P) plans as part of the state’s Quality Compensation (Q-Comp) program. This paper performs the first systematic study of Q-Comp’s impact on student achievement, exploiting variation across districts in the timing of participation as well as in the design of districts’ P4P plans to study effects on achievement for grades 3 through 8. Results show a consistent zero average effect of Q-Comp participation on both reading and math achievement. However, effects on reading achievement differ depending on the design of the P4P plan. Specifically, districts offering greater rewards for teacher-centered actions or outcomes evidently experienced large gains in reading (0.09σ/$1,000 bonus) while those offering rewards based on school-wide goals or formal subjective evaluations did not. Gains from specific P4P design features were not consistently evident in math. We also study effects on other outcomes, such as teacher characteristics and parent demand. ∗Corresponding author: asojourn@umn.edu. Thanks to Avner Ben-Ner, John Budd, David Figlio, Paul Glewwe, Michael Lovenheim, Morris Kleiner, Colleen Manchester, Jason Shaw, Chris Taber, and Joel Waldfogel for comments and to Qihui Chen, Paul Kristapovich, Qianyun Xie, and Yingchun Wang for able research assistance. All errors are ours.
Applications of Capacitive Imaging in Human Skin Texture and Hair Analysis

This article focuses on the extraction of information from human skin and scalp hair for evaluation of a subject’s condition in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. It uses capacitive images from existing hand-held research equipment and it applies image processing algorithms to expand their possible applications. The literature review introduces the readers into the field of skin research, and it highlights pieces of information that can be extracted by in vivo skin and ex vivo hair measurements. Then, the selected scientific equipment is presented, and Maxwell-based electrostatic simulations are employed to evaluate the measurement apparatus. Image analysis algorithms are suggested for (a) the detection of polygons on the human skin texture, (b) the estimation of wrinkles length and (c) the observation of hair water sorption capabilities by capacitive imaging systems. Finally, experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the presented algorithms and the results are compared with the literature. The results indicate that capacitive imaging systems can be used for skin age classification, detection and tracking of skin artifacts (e.g., wrinkles, moles or scars) and calculation of water content in hair samples.
COMPARING DIFFERENT METHODS FOR ESTIMATING ECONOMIC VALUES IN SELECTION INDEX FOR PRE-WEANING BODY WEIGHTS OF FRIESIAN HEIFERS IN EGYPT

This study was carried out to compare different estimates of economic values by different methods as regression (Beta), regression (b), Lamont, Sharma, profit-2004, profit-2012, FAO-2011 and Unity case and their effect on expected genetic gains and possibility of genetic improvement of pre-weaning body weights of Friesian heifers. Data were collected allover 16 years from 1995 to 2010 and include records of 1748 progeny from 61 sires and 846 dams at the Experimental and Researches Unit of Animal Production (Tokh Tanbisha) in the middle Delta, that belongs to Faculty of Agriculture, Minoufiya University, Egypt. Selection indices included eight general indices constructed of body weights at birth (W0), 30 (W30), 60 (W60) and 90 (WW) days of age. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for studied body weights were computed and used to construct selection indices for improving studied traits in Friesian heifers. The comparisons of the various selection indices indicated that using Sharma index (I4) achieved to the highest efficiency (RIH=0.5180), but this value was not far from the efficiency of I3Lamont (RIH=0.5117), I1-regression (Beta) (RIH=0.5051), I5Profit-2004 (RIH=0.5047), I6Profit-2012 (RIH=0.5002), and I2regression (b) (RIH=0. 0.4998). The expected genetic gains per generation for different methods were ranged between 0.6763 and 0.752 kg for W0 , 1.33 and 1.224 kg for W30, 0.863 and 1.1 kg for W60 and 0.886 and 1.043 for WW at (i =1). It could be suggested that methods of FAO-2011 for being applicable and easy way to estimate economic values by breeders and their desired goals for selection, and multiple regression models, regression (Beta) for its stability and reliability and it takes correlation among selection criterion into consideration.
Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications

Natural-Convection Heat Transfer in Channels with Isothermally Heated Convex Surfaces I. Lakkis & F. Moukalled To cite this article: I. Lakkis & F. Moukalled (2008) Natural-Convection Heat Transfer in Channels with Isothermally Heated Convex Surfaces, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 53:11, 1176-1194, DOI: 10.1080/10407780701852985 To link to this article: http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/10407780701852985
Nephrotoxic potential of Carex baccans (Family: Cyperaceae): A light and electron microscopic studies

Carex baccans is used widely as anthelmintic medicinal plant in different part of Northeast India. The present study was carried out to evaluate the extent of kidney damage in albino rats, if any due to consumption of high doses of extract of C. baccans. Rats were administered orally with the plant extract at doses of 40, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg -1 body weight at a single dose per day, for a period of 2 weeks. At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the kidneys were processed for light and transmission electron microscopic observations. Exposure of plant extract resulted in distinct histological and ultrastructural changes in podocytes, mesangial cells, juxtaglomerular cells and glomerular basement membrane. While DAPI stained nucleus showed condensation of nucleus; TUNEL staining confirmed the apoptotic nature of cell death in extract exposed rats. These results suggest that exposure of rat to crude extracts of C. baccans may induces apoptosis in kidney, resulting in altered structural and functional integrity of kidney. Further studies involving active principle(s) of the plant responsible for kidney damage would help in understanding the public implication of its consumption in the region.
Non-Traditional Measures of Subjective Well-Being and Their Validity: A Review

This chapter reviews a variety of methods for assessing subjective well-being beyond traditional global self-reports. The chapter examines indicators of SWB such as brain activity, smiling, cognitions, memory, and momentary experience. The author discusses the practical costs and benefits of each. Lastly, the chapter reviews new forms of data such as social media and internet searches and how they can reveal information about the subjective well-being of groups. While no single measure is perfect, this chapter aims to equip researchers with the knowledge to make informed decisions in their research designs and projects.