Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decolonizing Cultural Probes in Ethnographic Research: Perspective of African Scholars

The epistemological positioning that frequently validates the application of cultural probes in eliciting detailed exploration of phenomenon has not been sufficiently interrogated. Yet the epistemological assumptions behind the value of cultural probes continue to be drummed up and foisted on Africa’s emerging ethnographic researchers who actually need to be a bit more critical in its adoption and application. This conceptual paper explores the extant literature on data collection based essentially on cultural probes as espoused in habitus. It is proposed that profound amounts of decolonization of the spirit, content, and process of data gathering is urgent and critical at this stage. Until this is done objectively, African ethnographic researchers should “look at the gift horse in the mouth” before they can properly configure what is right or wrong for the people of Africa who should be in the hot pursuit of the ownership, production and utilization of relevant and sacrosanct knowledge aimed at rapid socio-economic and political development of the continent.
Evaluation of Chemical Compositions of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) Genotypes Seeds

Aims: The aim of this research was to determine the chemical and fatty acids composition of different genotypes of tobacco seeds. Place and Duration of Study: Ten tobacco genotypes grown in Sulaimani-Iraq were investigated in this study. The tobacco seeds were provided by Agricultural station of Bazian, Ministry of Agriculture. The investigations were carried out on air-dried seeds during 2013 in University of Sulaimani, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. Methodology: Plants were sampled at different locations of Sulaimani to determine the chemical and fatty acid composition. The seed chemical and fatty acids compositions were determined by Soxhlet, Kjeldahl, Column chromatography, TLC and Gas chromatography methods. Results: There were significant differences (p˂ 0.05) among genotypes for all studied chemical composition. Protein, ash, fiber and oil contents ranged from 20.861 to 23.872%, from 2.067 to 3.467%, from 13.66 to 19.33% and from 24.56 to 41.933% respectively. The results obtained from phospholipid, sterols and tocopherol showed significant difference among all genotypes. The content of phospholipids, sterols and tocopherols in the oils was 0.453-1.167%, 0.2-0.373% and 0.005-0.007% respectively. The results showed significant Original Research Article Annual Research & Review in Biology, 4(9): 1480-1489, 2014 1481 difference (p˂ 0.05) among genotypes for all saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. Palmitic saturated fatty acid (21.33 to 25.667%) and oleic unsaturated fatty acids (17.00 to 26.667%) were predominant in the oils. Conclusion: The results indicated that all genotypes contained large amount of lipid, protein and fiber. Our data showed that the amount of unsaturated fatty acids is higher than the amount of saturated fatty acids in tobacco seeds. The knowledge of the present studies on different genotypes of tobacco seeds could be important to its appropriate industrial use and for improvement in the nutritional value.
Associations of Ultra-Processed Food and Its Underlying Consumption Patterns With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The Lifelines Cohort Study

Although consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) has previously been associated with adverse health outcomes, it is unclear how the consumption of UPF and its underlying habitual consumption patterns are associated with incident type 2 diabetes. In 70 421 participants (35–70 years, 58.6% women) from the Lifelines cohort study, dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to derive UPF consumption patterns. UPF was related to incident diabetes with adjustments for confounders, including overall diet quality. During a median follow-up of 41 months, the intake of UPF was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes (1128 cases, OR for a 10% increment in UPF intake 1.33 [95% CI 1.26, 1.41]), and remained significant after adjustment for confounders (OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.16, 1.34]). PCA revealed four habitual UPF consumption patterns. A pattern high in cold savory snacks (OR 1.16 [95% CI 1.09, 1.22]) and a pattern high in warm savory snacks (OR 1.15 [95% CI 1.08, 1.21]) were associated with an increased diabetes risk; a pattern high in traditional Dutch cuisine was not associated with diabetes risk (OR 1.05 [95% CI 0.97, 1.14]); while a pattern high in sweet snacks and pastries was inversely associated with diabetes risk (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.76, 0.89]). There was a clear inverse association between diabetes risk at baseline and the sweet snacks and pastries pattern (β = −0.104 [95% CI − 0.113, −0.094]). A higher consumption of UPF was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. For consumption patterns, this association was most pronounced for the patterns that were high in savory snacks. Our findings emphasize that in addition to promoting the consumption of healthy food products, discouraging the consumption of UPF, specifically savory snacks, should be considered as part of future diabetes prevention strategies. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 754425.
Low-RCS and Gain-Enhanced Antenna Using Absorptive/Transmissive Frequency Selective Structure

A gain-enhanced antenna consisting of a bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) and a patch antenna is initially proposed in this communication. By utilizing the reflection characteristic of the FSS, a quasi-Fabry–Perot (F-P) cavity is formed between the FSS and antenna’s ground, which considerably improves the gain of the antenna. Meanwhile, the bandpass FSS has a little phase compensation for oblique transmitting waves, which also slightly enhances the gain. Then a low-radar cross section (RCS) and gain-enhanced antenna is proposed by using absorptive/transmissive frequency selective structure (ATFSS). It is implemented by mounting the ATFSS above a patch antenna. The ATFSS is constructed by stacking a lossy layer above a bandpass FSS. Both antennas are fabricated, assembled, and measured. They achieve a gain-enhancement of 5.27 and 3.84 dB, respectively. Besides, the low-RCS antenna achieves 10 dB monostatic RCS reduction from 5 to 5.33 GHz and from 9 to 13.4 GHz under the TE-polarization, and from 8.4 to 13.5 GHz under the TM-polarization, respectively. Simulated results show it also achieves a good improvement in bistatic RCS reduction as well.
Influence of transformational leadership and knowledge management on radical and incremental innovation: the moderating role of collaborative culture

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the influence of transformational leadership (TL) on a firm's radical and incremental innovation. It also deepens the understanding of appropriate mechanisms and conditions to improve specific aspects of innovation by examining the mediating role of knowledge management capability (KMC) and moderating mechanism of collaborative culture.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) and cross-sectional design to test hypotheses in the proposed research model using survey data collected from 365 participants in 86 manufacturing and service firms.FindingsThe findings indicate that TL induces greater effect on radical innovation compared to its effect on incremental innovation. The mediating role of KMC between TL and aspects of innovation capability is also supported. Especially, the influences of KMC on specific aspects of innovation capability are different and depend on the degree of collaborative culture in an organization.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should examine the mediating mechanisms of knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge application to provide deeper insight into specific roles of knowledge management's constituents in linking TL and innovation capability.Practical implicationsThe paper significantly contributes to increasing the understanding of the link between TL and specific aspects of innovation capability by highlighting the important role of KMC and positive effects of collaborative climate in an organization.Originality/valueThe paper is unique in the attempts to provide a prospective solution for firms to pursue and improve innovation based on the meaningful insights into the mediating role of KMC and moderating effect of collaborative culture in the relationship between TL and specific dimensions of innovation capability.
High Helium Controlled Atmosphere Storage Decreases Microbial Growth and Preserves Quality on Fresh-Cut Mizuna Baby Leaves

The industrial sector of fresh-cut or minimally fresh processed products is very competitive and it is forced to seek technological solutions in order to satisfy the consumer's demands, by offering new, safer, nutritious and high overall quality products. In the recent years, the market of oriental baby leaves, and among them mizuna (Brassica rapa var. nipposinica), has noticeably raised. However, the scientific information about their postharvest behaviour is still very scarce. The object of this work was to study the effect of non conventional high helium controlled atmosphere storage (He-CA) versus air and a low oxygen controlled atmosphere on natural microflora development and on changes in nutritional and sensory quality on fresh-cut mizuna baby leaves during 8 days at 5°C. After harvest, the raw material was air pre-cooled at 5°C, pre-washed with tap water at 5°C and disinfected by immersion in a solution at 5°C with 100 ppm NaClO. Subsequently, the mizuna was spin dried to eliminate water excess and it was placed inside 1.5 L gastight glass jars. Four different humidified CA were assayed: 20.9 kPa O 2 + 0.03 kPa CO 2 + 79 kPa N 2 (control); 1 kPa O 2 + 20 kPa CO 2 + 79 kPa N 2 ; 83 kPa He + 15 kPa CO 2 + 2 kPa O 2 ; 98 kPa He + 2 kPa O 2 . Both He-CA storage decreased 1 log cfu g -1 the total aerobic mesophilic load after 8 days at 5°C while control and low oxygen atmosphere exceeded the maximum recommended of 7 log cfu g -1 . However, the sensory quality was acceptable for consumption in all treatments. After shelf life, no differences among treatments were found in total antioxidant activity and phenolics content which preserved their initial values of 35 g eq ascorbic acid kg -1 fw and 850 mg eq clorogenic acid kg -1 fw, respectively. As main conclusion, when compared to air or low oxygen atmospheres, He-CA storage combined or not with moderate CO 2 , improved the overall quality of minimally processed mizuna baby leaves up to 8 days at 5°C.
Characterization of the expandable clays formed from kaolinite at 200ºC

Abstract The hydrothermal reaction of kaolinite in the system Na2O-K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2- H2O-HCl, at near-neutral pH conditions, has been investigated at 200ºC, for times from 12 h to 180 days. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of the solid products indicates that the phases formed from 15 days’ reaction time are randomly ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite, dioctahedral on average, with a chlorite:smectite ratio of ∼1:2. No structural evolution was observed with increasing reaction time. Investigation by transmission electron microscopy revealed, on the contrary, that very thin packets with basal spacing of either 10 Å (smectite) or 14 Å (chlorite) are dominant. In addition, packets with periodicities of 12 –13 Å are also observed. Only rarely, randomly to ordered sequences of 10 and 14 Å are observed in the packets. These observations indicate that the mixture of these phases behaves in XRD as randomly ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite. Chemical analysis of the solutions suggests that the neo-formed phases are metastable and would evolve, at longer reaction times, toward ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite or to clinochlore.
Essential oil and linalool contents in basil (Ocimum basilicum) irrigated with reclaimed water

Essential oils (EO) are volatile compounds with complex chemical compositions that are derived from the secondary metabolism of aromatic herbs. There are several applications of EO in the industrial and medical sectors. Basil (Ocimum sp.) is one of the most important EO-producing aromatic herbs. In this study, EO content (EOC) and linalool content (LC) in basil irrigated with reclaimed water were investigated. Plant development parameters, nutrient absorption and crude protein (CP) content were also evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with five different treatments and five repetitions each. Compared with treatments only using water, the results of those with reclaimed water irrigation showed higher nutrient absorption, CP contents (in their foliar tissue), length of plant branches, foliar biomass weights, and EOC and LC. EOC reached up to 0.58% of the dry biomass and LC was up to 5.84% of EO mass. In practice, it is estimated that around 5.8 kg of EO and 0.34 kg of linalool can be obtained from one ton of dry basil biomass.
Linking Leadership Styles and Two-way Communication to Engagement: A Study Among the Hospitality Employees in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT This study seeks to understand the mediation effects of two-way communication between the relationship of leadership styles (servant and transformational) and subordinate-level work engagement. In a cross-sectional survey, 391 hospitality employees participated from the Bangladesh hotel industry. Results indicate that both leadership styles significantly affect subordinate-level work engagement. Two-way communication plays an intermediary role in the link between servant leadership and work engagement, but not for transformational leadership. Thus, our findings contribute to leadership development by investigating the mediation effects of two-way communication between two prominent leadership styles and subordinate-level work engagement, drawing on the social exchange theory. The novelty is demonstrated by exploring the difference between servant and transformational leaders in their approaches to motivating and boosting work engagement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Microstructural characterisation of 160 MeV oxygen irradiated niobium

ABSTRACT Microstructural changes due to 160 MeV oxygen ion irradiation on pure Nb have been characterised using X-ray Diffraction Line Profile Analyses. Microstructural parameters such as coherent domain size, microstrain within the domain and dislocation density are evaluated from the homogeneously damaged region. It is observed that the domain size decreases along with an increase in microstrain and dislocation density as a function of dose. The local changes in the microstructure have also been evaluated in terms of band contrast, mean angular deviation and local misorientation from electron backscattered diffraction data at the surface and an intermediate depth in the homogenously damaged region of selected irradiated samples and in the unirradiated sample. An increase in mean angular deviation and local misorientation is observed in the highest dose sample, which may be an indication of dislocation loop formation. Defect clusters and dislocation loops are observed using transmission electron microscopy in the highest dose sample. Microhardness measurement has also been carried out on the unirradiated and irradiated samples to correlate the microstructural changes with the mechanical property as a function of dose. It is observed that the hardness of the material increases as a function of dose due to the formation of defect clusters and dislocation loops that pin the movement of dislocations. Finally, a comparison of the microstructures in proton and heavy ion irradiated samples at approximately similar dpa-rate has been carried out to understand the effect of the ion species on the defect morphology.
Nurses Knowledge Regarding Prevention Protocol of COVID-19 in Emergency Departments

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and is considered a global challenge. This short review intends to investigate the knowledge of nurses regarding prevention protocol of COVID-19 in emergency departments. The searching was carried out in electronic data bases: Google scholar, PubMed and World Health Organization (WHO). Most of the reviewed studies stated a good level of knowledge, attitude and a practice among nurses regarding COVID-19. The community education is needed to improve the knowledge, practice and attitude of the people. Also, continuous training for all healthcare workers to help them to be more effective in controlling of the COVID-19 pandemic.
CHARITY ORGANIZATIONS ADOPTING VIRTUAL REALITY MODALITY: THEORIZATION AND VALIDATION

ABSTRACT Communicators of charity organizations have begun to adopt virtual reality modality to draw in more donors in recent years. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive theoretical exploration and empirical verification on the avenues that may optimize the function of virtual reality modality for communication conducted by charity organizations. To fill this gap, the current study proposes and validates a framework based on integrative extension of theories pertaining to enactive cognition, media affordances, and personal norm. As the research result suggests, the five immersive affordance attributes of vividness, authenticity, coherence, interactivity, and controllability are primary facilitators of empathy and personal norm activation in the virtual reality context. The type of virtual reality modality, which provides immersive affordance attributes to exercise the transformative change effect, serves to elicit charitable donation intention through evocation of empathy and personal norm activation as the two key mediators. More noteworthy, the positive impact of empathy on charitable donation intention significantly increases due to the partial mediating effect of personal norm activation. Overall, the research result contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of communication conducted by charity organizations.
Yarrowia lipolytica Strains and Their Biotechnological Applications: How Natural Biodiversity and Metabolic Engineering Could Contribute to Cell Factories Improvement

Among non-conventional yeasts of industrial interest, the dimorphic oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica appears as one of the most attractive for a large range of white biotechnology applications, from heterologous proteins secretion to cell factories process development. The past, present and potential applications of wild-type, traditionally improved or genetically modified Yarrowia lipolytica strains will be resumed, together with the wide array of molecular tools now available to genetically engineer and metabolically remodel this yeast. The present review will also provide a detailed description of Yarrowia lipolytica strains and highlight the natural biodiversity of this yeast, a subject little touched upon in most previous reviews. This work intends to fill this gap by retracing the genealogy of the main Yarrowia lipolytica strains of industrial interest, by illustrating the search for new genetic backgrounds and by providing data about the main publicly available strains in yeast collections worldwide. At last, it will focus on exemplifying how advances in engineering tools can leverage a better biotechnological exploitation of the natural biodiversity of Yarrowia lipolytica and of other yeasts from the Yarrowia clade.
Brokers in the tea trade between China and West Africa

Brokers have played important roles in the trade of green tea between China and Mali, from the 19th century when tea first came to Mali up to the present. They mediate between tea buyers and sellers, work on their own account, use soft skills, knowledge and networks and make a living from the commission they gain. This article examines the work of brokers in the tea trade, the social constellations in which they are active and the scope of their activity. Based on extensive field research in Mali and China, this article shows how brokers create their own jobs in a dynamic business landscape, which is often delimited by governmental policies, competing entrepreneurial activities and social movements.
Genetic Variations in Haematological Indices of Local and Exotic Turkeys Inoculated with Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium Vaccine

Infection due to Salmonella spp is one of the threatening diseases to poultry industry because it can cause economic losses through mortality, morbidity and reduction in egg production. One hundred and sixty poults comprising 80 local and 80 exotic (Nicholas white) were used to examine the variations in haematological response to Salmonella spp in local and exotic turkeys inoculated with attenuated Salmonella spp. Both genotypes were reared separately on deep litter, under the same management practices and wing tagged for proper identification. At 7th week of age, 1ml of blood sample was collected from each turkey into anticoagulant tubes and labeled accordingly for base-line Original Research Article Oguntade et al.; AJBGMB, 8(1): 19-29, 2021; Article no.AJBGMB. 68441 20 haematological analysis. The turkeys were inoculated at 8th week by subcutaneous injection of attenuated Salmonella vaccine at 0.5ml per turkey. On the 2nd and 7th days after inoculation, 1ml of blood samples was collected from each turkey for haematological analyses. The un-coagulated blood was used to determine packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and its differential counts, and haemoglobin (Hb). The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated. The haematological data collected were analyzed using General Linear Model of SAS 9.0 software. The exotic turkey had higher (p<0.05) values of PCV (38.13±1.01), Hb (12.77±0.33gd/l), MCV (133.39±0.14fL) and MCH (43.35±1.27pg/cell) before inoculation. On 2nd day post inoculation, the local turkey had higher (P<0.05) values of PCV (43.93±1.40%), RBC (3.98±0.12 106μl-1) and Hb (14.56±0.47gd/l). Also, on the seventh day post inoculation, the local turkey had higher (P<0.05) values of PCV (42.13±1.20%), WBC (11.94±0.62 103.μ-1), Hb (14.09±0.38 gd/l) and MCH (40.65±0.34pg/cell). The mean values of PCV, Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC of local turkeys were higher (p<0.05) on the 7th day than on the 2nd day post inoculation, while the RBC was higher (P<0.05) on the 2nd day post inoculation. The WBC, MCV and MCH values were higher (p<0.05) in exotic turkey on the 2nd day post inoculation. The local turkey showed quick haematological response to Salmonella vaccine especially post inoculation. Therefore, the local turkey could be said to have stronger potential to survive under disease prevailing environment than the exotic turkey.