Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loyola eCommons Loyola eCommons

Do states copy or reinvent language from complex policies as they diﬀuse, and does this depend on legislative resources? We argue that states will more frequently reinvent more complex policies, but that states with high-resource legislatures will reinvent more than their low-resource counterparts for more complex policies. We test the theory using the bill texts from 18 policies that diﬀused across the 50 states from 1983-2014, measuring reinvention and complexity using text analysis tools. In line with expectations, we ﬁnd that complex policies are reinvented more than simple policies and that high-resource legislatures reinvent bills more than low-resource legislatures on average. However, we also ﬁnd that low-resource legislatures reinvent complex policies at about the same rate as high-resource legislatures. The results indicate that even legislatures with limited resources work to adapt complex policies during the diﬀusion process.
Knowledge About COVID-19, perceived behavior control, subjective norm, and health consciousness on vitamin purchase intention during COVID-19

Introduction: The COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has threatened all countries in the world because its transmission is very easy and fast. This is what causes COVID-19 to become a global pandemic. As a result of the global pandemic, people become anxious, afraid and try to protect themselves and their families by taking vitamins. This research focuses on education about covid-19, perceived behavior control, subjective norm, health consciousness on vitamin purchase intention during the pandemic. Methods: This study was a quantitative research with a cross sectional design. Collecting data using a questionnaire distributed to all provinces in Indonesia and collected as many as 284 respondents. The research data were analyzed using SmartPLS for confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results of this study explain that there is a significant relationship between education about covid-19 and perceived behavior control, subjective norms, health consciousness. Subjective norm and health consciousness also have a significant influence on vitamin purchase intention. Meanwhile, perceived behavior control has no significant effect on vitamin purchase intention during the pandemic. Conclusion: It is important to raise health consciousness with a good knowledge about health. So that the application of healthy living behavior can become a trend and have a positive impact on realizing health independence.
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1: the inducible synthase Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1: the inducible synthase for prostaglandin E2 for prostaglandin E2

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin (PG)H 2 to PGE 2 . Proinflammatory stimuli markedly increase levels of mPGES-1 expression both in vivo and in vitro . mPGES-1 knockout studies and animal models of inflammatory arthritis also provide a strong basis for the contribution of mPGES-1 in the increased local production of PGE 2 observed in inflammatory arthritis. The focus of this article is to review some recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms specific to the regulation of inducible mPGES-1 in inflammatory arthritis.
Better-constrained climate sensitivity when accounting for dataset dependency on pattern effect estimates

Abstract. The best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) constrained based on the instrumental record of historical warming becomes coherent with other lines of evidence when the dependence of radiative feedback on the pattern of surface temperature change (pattern effect) is incorporated. Pattern effect strength is usually estimated with atmosphere-only model simulations forced with observed historical sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea-ice change and constant pre-industrial forcing. However, recent studies indicate that pattern effect estimates depend on the choice of SST boundary condition dataset, due to differences in the measurement sources and the techniques used to merge and construct them. Here, we systematically explore this dataset dependency by applying seven different observed SST datasets to the MPI-ESM1.2-LR model covering 1871–2017. We find that the pattern effect ranges from -0.01±0.09 to 0.42±0.10 W m−2 K−1 (standard error), whereby the commonly used Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project II (AMIPII) dataset produces by far the largest estimate. When accounting for the generally weaker pattern effect in MPI-ESM1.2-LR compared to other models, as well as dataset dependency and intermodel spread, we obtain a combined pattern effect estimate of 0.37 W m−2 K−1 [−0.14 to 0.88 W m−2 K−1] (5th–95th percentiles) and a resulting instrumental record ECS estimate of 3.2 K [1.8 to 11.0 K], which as a result of the weaker pattern effect is slightly lower and better constrained than in previous studies.
Daily suspended sediment modelling using a fuzzy differential evolution approach / Modélisation journalière des matières en suspension par une approche d’évolution différentielle floue

Abstract Abstract Correct estimation of the sediment volume carried by a river is important with respect to pollution, channel navigability, reservoir filling, hydroelectric equipment longevity, fish habitat, river aesthetics and scientific interests. However, conventional sediment rating curves are not able to provide sufficiently accurate results. In this study, models incorporating fuzzy logic are developed as a superior alternative to the sediment rating curve technique for determining the daily suspended sediment concentration for a given river cross-section. This study provides forecasting benchmarks for sediment concentration prediction in the form of a numerical and graphical comparison between fuzzy and rating curve models. Benchmarking was based on a five-year period of continuous streamflow and sediment concentration data from the Quebrada Blanca Station operated by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Nine different fuzzy models were developed to estimate sediment concentration from streamflow. Each fuzzy model has a different number of membership functions. The parameters of the membership functions were found using a differential evolution algorithm. The benchmark results showed that the fuzzy models were able to produce much better results than rating curve models for the same data inputs.
Efficient norovirus and reovirus replication in the mouse 1 intestine requires microfold ( M ) cells

3 Mariam B. Gonzalez-Hernandez, Thomas Liu, Hilary C. Payne, Jennifer Stencel4 Baerenwald, Mine Ikizler, Hideo Yagita, Terence S. Dermody, Ifor R. Williams, 5 Christiane E. Wobus 6 7 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Program of Immunology, 8 Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA 9 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School 10 of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 11 Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of 12 Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 13 Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 14 37232 15 Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, 16 Japan 17 Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, 18 USA 19 20 * Corresponding author: 21 Christiane Wobus 22 Department of Microbiology and Immunology 23 JVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 2 April 2014 J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.00204-14 Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Peranan Kuliner Tradisional Sebagai Pendukung Pariwisata di Setu Babakan

Culinary is one of the most valuable culture asset. However, the fact on the field often found it is still underappreciated, compared to the other culture asset. If taken with care, the culinary art can be the main attraction for a region, which is popular in foreign countries. To discuss this phenomenon, the research contains examinations about the role of the culinary art in Setu Babakan. Setu Babakan widely known as the place to learn further throughout Betawi cultural assets such as Ondel-Ondel and Tanjidor while the orginal Betawi culinary frequently less discussed. In this research, we will discuss the role as a culinary support for tourism in Babakan Jakarta. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method and the analysis in this study is a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). The results showed that local culinary delights have a role in supporting tourism in this area.
IMPACT OF PARENT AND PEER ATTACHMENT ON SELF-CONCEPT OF ADOLESCENTS

: The relationships that adolescents have with their parents and peers are critical in shaping their self-concept. Understanding and addressing these dynamics can be vital for promoting healthy self esteem and self worth in adolescents. The present study was carried out with an aim to study the impact of parent and peer attachment on self-concept among adolescents with reference to gender and locality. A random sample of 120 adolescents consisting of 60 from urban area (30 boys and 30 girls) and 60 from rural area (30 boys and 30 girls) were selected. Parent and peer attachment was assessed using Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment by Gullone and Robinson (2005). Self-concept of adolescents was assessed using Robson Self-Concept Questionnaire by Robson (1989). The collected data was statistically analyzed using Mean, Standard deviation, t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results showed no significant difference in parent and peer attachment between boys and girls. Also, no significant difference was found in parent and peer attachment based on locality. Self-concept was found to be similar for boys and girls. Based on locality, it was found that the urban adolescents had better self esteem that the rural adolescents. A significant relationship was noted between parent and peer attachment and self-concept.
Digital Commons @ New Haven Digital Commons @ New Haven

This study examines dynamic linkages between the exchange rates and stock prices for twelve emerging market countries for the period from May 1994 to April 2010 by using linear and non-linear Granger causality tests. Our empirical results show that stock prices and exchange rates have linear and non-linear bi-directional causality in most cases. The exceptional countries are Brazil, Poland and Taiwan that there is no evidence for a non-linear Granger causality from stock prices to exchange rates. The results support both the portfolio balance and the goods market theories for eight out of twelve countries.
The Effects of Obesity on the Comparative Effectiveness of The Effects of Obesity on the Comparative Effectiveness of Linezolid and Vancomycin in Suspected Methicillin-Resistant Linezolid and Vancomycin in Suspected Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Pneumonia

Background: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a leading cause of pneumonia in the United States and there is limited data on treatment outcomes in obese patients.We evaluated the effectiveness of linezolid compared to vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA pneumonia in a national cohort of obese Veterans. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included obese patients (body mass index ≥ 30) admitted to Veterans Affairs hospitals with MRSA-positive respiratory cultures and clinical signs of infection between 2002 and 2012. Patients initiating treatment with either vancomycin or linezolid, but not both, were selected for inclusion. Propensity matching and adjustment of Cox proportional hazards regression models quantified the effect of linezolid compared with vancomycin on time to hospital discharge, intensive care unit discharge, 30-day mortality, inpatient mortality, therapy discontinuation, therapy change, 30-day readmission, and 30-day MRSA reinfection. We performed sensitivity analyses by vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and true trough levels. Results: We identified 101 linezolid and 2,565 vancomycin patients. Balance in baseline characteristics between the treatment groups was achieved within propensity score quintiles and between propensity matched pairs (76 pairs). No significant differences were observed for the outcomes assessed. Among patients with vancomycin MICs of ≤ 1 μg/mL, the linezolid group had a significantly lower mortality rate, increased length of hospital stay, and longer therapy duration. There were no differences between the linezolid and vancomycin MICs of ≥ 1.5 μg/ mL groups. Clinical outcomes among those with vancomycin trough concentrations of 15-20 mg/L were similar to patients treated with linezolid. Conclusions: In our real-world comparative effectiveness study among obese patients with suspected MRSA pneumonia, linezolid was associated with a significantly lower mortality rate as compared to the vancomycin-treated patients with lower vancomycin MICs. Further studies are needed to determine whether this beneficial effect is observed in other study populations.
Amazon River Basin: I – Characterization AndEnvironmental Impacts Due To Deforestation

The Amazon River basin is the largest basin of the planet and contributes about 15% of the total freshwater discharge in the world. Among the environmental concerns, habitat modification is considered the most relevant, since the integrity of the aquatic ecosystems and associated coastal/marine ecosystems are strongly dependent on the preservation of the terrestrial ecosystems. In the Amazon basin, deforestation has changed patterns during recent years; besides the “deforestation arc” embracing the south-eastern and eastern borders of the basin, new projects are now dissecting the heart of the basin. At the present deforestation rate, the main biomes Amazon Rainforest and Cerrado are expected to disappear in less than 100 years, leading to regional climate changes. Effective policies to preserve the integrity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems must focus on the root causes for the ongoing land conversion process.
Purchase Intention of Environmentally Friendly Milk Bottles: Role of Product Knowledge and Environmental Concern

: Environmental pollution poses a significant global challenge. The use of environmentally friendly milk bottles can minimize the impact of pollution and is a safer choice, especially for infants. This study aimed to analyze the effect of product knowledge and environmental concerns on the purchase intention of environmentally friendly milk bottles. Employing a quantitative approach, the study involved 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The findings show the simultaneous impact of product knowledge and environmental concerns on the intention to purchase environmentally friendly milk bottles. This implies that higher consumer knowledge about the product and increased environmental awareness is positively correlated with a greater inclination to buy environmentally friendly milk bottles. The implication of this study underscores the importance of promoting awareness and education regarding the use of environmentally friendly products to enhance consumer intentions toward such products.
Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga

Aging is identical with decreased functional abilities, such as prolonged standing, walking, squatting, running, or other activities. These decreases in functional ability can be caused by a degenerative disease, namely osteoarthritis (OA) genu resulting in a limited motion in the knee joint caused by a decrease in range of motion. Treatments for OA Genu cases include leg extension exercise and static bike exercise to maintain and to increase the range of motion (ROM) of knee joints. This study was a Quasi Experimental study. The study lasted for five weeks from May - June 2022. The samples of this study were 24 people. The results of the study found that the ability to perform movement extension and knee flexion of both groups increased. Both groups obtained p value = 0.625 for extension and p value = 0.062 for flexion. The p value of extension and flexion is p>0.05. Results showed that, after the intervention in both groups, the osteoarthritis patients at Siloam Hospitals Bali had improved the ROM of knee flexion and extension. Based on the difference value before and after treatments, the percentage of increase in range of motion extension and flexion of the static bike group was slightly higher than the leg extension exercise group. It concludes that leg extension exercise and static bike
Morphodynamic Evolution and Sediment Transport Processes of Cancun Beach

ABSTRACT González-Leija, M. ; Mariño-Tapia, I. ; Silva, R. ; Enriquez, C. ; Mendoza, E. ; Escalante-Mancera, E. ; Ruíz-Rentería, F. , and Uc-Sánchez, E. , 2013. Morphodynamic evolution and sediment transport processes of Cancun Beach. Large-scale construction of tourist infrastructure on beaches around the world is consistently linked to unwanted morphological changes that lead to coastal erosion. Dune destruction, alteration of sediment sources, and the rigidisation of the coastal system are known to be the main causes of erosive behaviour on many tourist beaches. To plan sound shoreline management strategies, detailed understanding of the sediment transport processes is necessary. The present contribution focuses on the main sediment transport processes that take place at Cancun, Mexico, a large (12 km) and highly developed tourist beach. High-resolution quarterly beach profile monitoring from September 2007 to June 2009 is used to calculate volumetric changes that are reasonably well explained by the spatial patterns of modelled sediment transport potential. This parameter was calculated using the wave propagation model WAPO of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, which explicitly solves diffraction and reflection processes that are particularly important in systems with pronounced rocky headlands, such as the northern and southern ends of Cancun beach. Results show a dominance of northward longshore transport in most of the system, and an important transport divergence with consistent southward transport at the southern end. Cross-shore transport seems to dominate the middle-north section of the beach. This behaviour is consistent with recent advances in the understanding of wave circulation in embayed beaches. The method used here is considered a good approximation of sediment transport patterns when local (surf zone) morpho- and hydrodynamic data are absent or difficult to acquire.
A comparison of several plankton models for red tides

In this chapter we first review a few mathematical systems for plankton dynamics that have recently been proposed in the literature, in particular focusing on models for toxin producing phytoplankton. Like in theoretical physics, we then propose new mechanisms that may possibly explain the toxin release as a phytoplankton reaction to zooplankton attacks, giving thus new material for testing to field marine biologists. In particular we introduce three new models and compare them in order to assess ∗E-mail address: ezio.venturino@unito.it
Evaluating the strength and deformability of sandstones

Abstract The mineralogy, texture and wave velocity characteristics of a range of sandstones were studied to aid the understanding and prediction of geotechnical properties. From a consideration of volumetric strain variations it is apparent that the weaker rocks display a behaviour markedly different from the stronger rocks. In the weaker rocks, the elastic range is limited to very low stress levels. The sensitivity of the strength and volumetric strain to sample moisture content has also been evaluated and shown to be an important variable in rock deformability behaviour; a decrease in moisture content tends to suppress the onset of dilatancy and microcracking, leading to an increase in peak strength. Microscopic characteristics, in particular in the areas of grain contact and cementation, were successfully used to explain the strength and deformability behaviour of a wide range of sandstones. Practical index parameters for assessing the strength and deformability of sandstones are outlined. Characterization by S waves shows potential as a complement to the index tests of saturated moisture content and point load for weak and strong sandstones respectively.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Not one sexual double standard but two? Adolescents’ attitudes about appropriate sexual behavior

Popular belief holds that sexual behavior is evaluated more liberally for males than females. However, the assessment of this “sexual double standard” is controversial. Therefore, we investigated measurement equivalence of commonly used items to assess sexual double standards in previous research. Based on established measurement equivalence, we investigated whether adolescents endorsed a sexual double standard. Using data from 455 adolescents ( M age = 14.51, SD = 0.64), confirmatory factor analyzes showed that the sexual double standard concept was measurement equivalent across sex, and partly across evaluations of the same and opposite sex. Factor analyzes demonstrated that there was not one, but two sexual double standards. Male adolescents evaluated male sexual behavior more liberally than female sexual behavior, but female adolescents evaluated female sexual behavior more liberally than male sexual behavior. This contradicts the traditional notion of the existence of one sexual double standard that favors male and suppresses female sexuality.
New Orleans Levee System Performance during Hurricane Katrina: 17th Street Canal and Orleans Canal North

Centrifuge modeling of the 17th Street Canal and Orleans Canal North levees was performed in this study. During hurricane Katrina the levees on the 17th Street Canal failed, leading to breaches in the outfall canal in the city. Two mechanisms were observed in the centrifuge modeling that could cause a breach. First, a water-filled crack formed in front of the floodwall as the water in the canal rose above the top of the levee. The levees on the 17th Street Canal, which were supported on clay foundations, failed when this cracking led to a translational (sliding) failure in the clay layer commencing at the toe of the floodwall. The levees at Orleans Canal North, where failure did not occur, were also modeled to demonstrate that the model tests could successfully simulate failure and nonfailure conditions. The centrifuge model tests identified the importance of the crack formation in relation to the stability of the floodwall. These tests also confirmed that levee geometry, floodwall depth of penetration, and the underlying soil profile were all critical to the performance of the system under flood loading.
Fossil marine diatom resting spore morpho-genus Gemellodiscus gen. nov. in the North Pacific and Norwegian Sea

Abstract A new fossil marine diatom resting spore morpho-genus Gemellodiscus Suto gen. nov. is described using samples from DSDP Site 338 in the Norwegian Sea, Sites 436 and 438 in the northwest Pacific and the onland Newport Beach Section, California. Gemellodiscus is characterized by possessing a valve with setae of several types: bifurcated seta, fused seta and crossed seta. Eleven taxa are described and their stratigraphic ranges are presented: G. incurvus (Bailey) Suto comb. nov., G. pliocenus (Brun) Suto comb. nov., G. cingulus Suto var. cingulus sp. nov., G. cingulus var. longus Suto var. nov., G. bifurcus Suto sp. nov., G. hirtus Suto sp. nov., G. caveatus Suto sp. nov., G. micronodosus Suto sp. nov., G. dicollinus Suto sp. nov., G. geminus Suto sp. nov. and G. dimontanus Suto sp. nov.