Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mediation Role of Personal Meaning Profile in The Relationship Between Resilience Capacity and Meaning in Life

The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediation role of personal meaning profile in the relationship between resilience capacity and meaning in life. Data has been collected from 371 college students using Resilience, Personal Meaning Profile and Meaning in Life Scales. Jamovi 1.1. 4 statistical program has been used for the analysis of the data. In the study, it has been observed that there exist meaningful relationships between the sub-dimensions of the personal meaning profile and resilience besides meaning in life. Results show that there is a meaningful and positive relation between resilience and meaning in life. It has been also observed that there has been a positive relation between meaning in life and the achievement, relationship, self-transcendence, self-acceptance, intimacy, and fairness sub-dimensions of the personal meaning profile. However, no meaningful relationship between resilience and the religion sub-dimension of the personal meaning profile has been found. Considering the findings of the research, there is a significant mediation role of the personal meaning profile, except for the religion and self-acceptance sub-dimensions, in the relationship between the resilience capacity and the meaning in life. All findings have been discussed in terms of literature and the suggestion for further studies has been made.
Alternating Current Poling on Sliver-Mode Rhombohedral Pb(Mg1/3nb2/3)O3-Pbtio3 Single Crystals

Abstract Sliver-mode 0.73Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.27PbTiO3 single crystals were poled by the alternating current electric field (ACP) along the [001] direction for low-frequency transducer applications. Under ACP with optimized conditions (2.89 kVrms, 0.1 Hz, 10 cycles), the free dielectric constant (eT33/e0) was enhanced from 5300 to 7220 and piezoelectric coefficient (d33) was improved from 1410 to 1920 pC/N, both are about 36% higher than those under traditional direct current poling. The piezoresponse force microscopy observation and phase-field simulation show the similar domain morphologies evolution. During the ACP process, the domain morphology first changes from ‘4R’ to ‘2R’ configuration, and then the length of the 109° domain wall keeps increasing, which leads to a longer range of ordering and a stable lamellar domain structure in the end. The correlation between the domain morphology and the coercive field is also found in both the experiment and simulation. These findings on the effect and mechanism of ACP will help develop advanced low-frequency single crystal transducer arrays.
Grain Size Altering Yielding Mechanisms in Ultrafine Grained High-Mn Austenitic Steel: Advanced TEM Investigations

Abstract The underlying mechanism of discontinuous yielding behavior in an ultrafine-grained (UFG) Fe-31Mn-3Al-3Si (wt.%) austenitic TWIP steel was investigated by the use of advanced TEM technique with taking the plastic deformation mechanisms and their correlation with grains size near the macroscopic yield point into account. Typical yield drop mechanisms such as the dislocation locking by the Cottrell atmosphere due to the presence of interstitial impurities cannot explain the origin of this phenomenon in the UFG high-Mn austenitic TWIP steel. Here, we experimentally revealed that the plastic deformation mechanisms in the early stage of deformation, around the macroscopic yield point, show an obvious association with grain size. More specifically, the main mechanism shifts from the conventional slip in grain interior to twinning nucleated from grain boundaries with decreasing the grain size down to less than 1 μm. Our observation indicates that the grain size dependent deformation mechanisms transition is also deeply associated with the discontinuous yielding behavior as it could govern the changes in the grain interior dislocation density of mobile dislocations around the macroscopic yield point.
Development of Handbooks of Guidance and Counseling to Enhance Elementary School Teachers’ Competence in Cultivating Students’ Creativity

Central to the creativity development in elementary schools are competent teachers. Enhancement of teachers’ competence could be done through the provision of guidance handbooks for the teachers. As based on the problem statements, this research was aimed at developing handbooks of guidance and counseling that could improve teachers’ competence in providing quality guidance and counseling services; the handbooks were expected to help teachers in cultivating the creativity of elementary school students. In this research and development study, the designed handbooks consisted of book 1 Guidance and Counseling Implementation Plan, Book 2 Service Materials, Book 3 Teachers’ Guideline, and Book 4 Evaluation Guideline. The effectiveness of the handbooks was examined using a quasi-experimental method with one group pre-test and posttest. According to the results of experimental data analysis, the tcount and ttable arrived at 7.665 (significance level of 0.05 (14)) and 1.76, respectively, meaning that tcount > ttable. This result signified that the handbooks were practical to build teachers’ competence in providing quality guidance and counseling services, which was helpful in assisting the teachers in instilling the creativity of elementary school students. In brief, the handbooks are recommended to be used by teachers in promoting the creativity of elementary school students.
Challenging and Improving the Simulation of Mid‐Level Mixed‐Phase Clouds Over the High‐Latitude Southern Ocean

Climate models exhibit major radiative biases over the Southern Ocean owing to a poor representation of mixed‐phase clouds. This study uses the remote‐sensing dataset from the Measurements of Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds over the Southern Ocean (MARCUS) campaign to assess the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to reproduce frontal clouds off Antarctica. It focuses on the modeling of thin mid‐level supercooled liquid water layers which precipitate ice. The standard version of WRF produces almost fully glaciated clouds and cannot reproduce cloud top turbulence. Our work demonstrates the importance of adapting the ice nucleation parameterization to the pristine austral atmosphere to reproduce the supercooled liquid layers. Once simulated, droplets significantly impact the cloud radiative effect by increasing downwelling longwave fluxes and decreasing downwelling shortwave fluxes at the surface. The net radiative effect is a warming of snow and ice covered surfaces and a cooling of the ocean. Despite improvements in our simulations, the local turbulent circulation related to cloud‐top radiative cooling is not properly reproduced, advocating for the need to develop a parameterization for top‐down convection to capture the turbulence‐microphysics interplay at cloud top.
Tulips: A Renewable Source of Monomer for Superabsorbent Hydrogels

A new class of superabsorbent hydrogels was synthesized by copolymerization of acrylamide with sodium 4-hydroxy-2-methylenebutanoate (SHMB). SHMB is obtained by saponification of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MBL) which is a renewable monomer from tulips. Radical polymerization of SHMB was studied for the first time. The extent of side products through the ring closure depended on the pH used during the polymerization. Reactivity ratios for copolymerization of SHMB with acrylamide were estimated. Prepared hydrogels with various composition were investigated for their swelling, mechanical and thermal properties, and morphology as well as cytotoxicity. The achieved degree of swelling of the hydrogels was up to 82 000% and significantly exceeds the capacity of classical superabsorbent hydrogels made of acrylamide and salts of acrylic acid. The degree of swelling as well as mechanical and thermal properties of the hydrogels could be tuned by SHMB content.
Predictive Model for Hurricane Wind Hazard under Changing Climate Conditions

4 Hurricanes are among the most destructive and costliest extreme weather events. The intensity of future 5 hurricanes is generally expected to increase due to climate change effects. In this work, a simulation method 6 based on a comprehensive statistical analysis of historical data is developed to account for the changes in 7 climatological conditions and their effects on the frequency and intensity of hurricanes. This method is 8 applied to simulate the hurricane wind speed distributions under different climatological conditions in the 9 US Atlantic Basin from Texas to Maine, which is one of the most vulnerable regions of the world to 10 hurricane hazards. To this end, regression models for several different hurricane parameters are fit to the 11 historical hurricane data. The proposed model is validated by comparing its predicted hurricane-induced 12 wind speeds with available historical data and other existing models based on physics-based hurricane path 13 simulation. This new model is found to reproduce very well historical wind speed distributions, and to 14 provide wind speed projection results that are consistent with those of more computationally expensive 15 models based on the simulation of hurricane tracks. The statistical characteristics of future potential 16 hurricanes are simulated using the proposed model along with the climate projections presented in the 5 th 17 Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change. The results of this study indicate 18 that, by year 2060 and depending on the considered projection scenario, the design wind speeds along the 19 US Gulf and Atlantic Coast corresponding to the different mean return intervals considered by ASCE 7 are 20 expected to increase in average between 14% and 26%, which correspond to an average increase of the 21 design wind-induced loads contained between 30% and 59%.
A comparative analysis on the hedonic consumption and lifestyle of voluntary simplicity behaviors of gastronomy tourists

This study primarily seeks to identify the reasons of the hedonic consumption of gastronomy tourists and to explore their lifestyle of voluntary simplicity. It also aims to determine the correlation between the reasons of hedonic consumption and lifestyle of voluntary simplicity behaviours, and demographic variables. The study population consists of gastronomy tourists who visited Istanbul, Turkey in 2019. The data were collected from local gastronomy tourists who visited Istanbul between February, 20th and March 10th, 2019 and had gastronomy experiences during their visits based on purposeful sampling method. Accordingly, the study analyzed the data obtained from 440 surveys through loss data analysis, multi-slope analysis, multiple normal distribution tests. The data were examined using descriptive statistics as well as factor, t-test, ANOVA and correlation analyses. The reasons of the hedonic consumption of the gastronomy tourists were identified as consumption for togetherness, consumption for having an idea, consumption for relaxing, consumption for having an adventure and consumption for creating value. On the other hand, the lifestyle of voluntary simplicity was grouped under the dimensions of conscious purchasing behaviour, desire for self-sufficiency, durability of products, desire for simple products and desire for a comfortable life. The study lastly carried out analyses on the correlation between the reasons of the hedonic consumption and the lifestyle of voluntary simplicity trends. It consequently reported statistically significant findings between the reasons of the hedonic consumption and the lifestyle of voluntary simplicity behaviours.
Socioeconomic Differences in the Risk of Infection During the Second Sars-Cov-2 Wave in Germany.

Most of the initial socioepidemiological studies of the COVID-19 pandemic are from the United Kingdom and the USA. The findings indicated in many cases increased risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 disease courses in socioeconomically deprived population groups (1). In Germany, however, the observed pattern to date has been a different one. Nationwide analyses from the first SARS-CoV-2 wave in the spring of 2020 showed that in the socioeconomically advantaged regions of Germany, more laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections had been notified than in socioeconomically deprived regions, and that this had been the case especially during the early outbreak (2). To date it has not been investigated to which extent this pattern also applies to—or was different in—the second SARS-CoV-2 wave in Germany since the autumn of 2020; this contribution will analyze this question. The results could contribute to identifying population groups for targeted infection protection and prevention measures in the pandemic.
Meta-learning based on parameter transfer for few-shot classification of remote sensing scenes

ABSTRACT Meta-learning is an effective way to deal with the few-shot problem that only very few annotated data samples are available for training the model. In remote sensing scene classification, previous methods with meta-learning often apply a shallow neural network due to lacking sufficient annotated training data that can support the larger number of parameters of a deep neural network (DNN). However, it is a common phenomenon that a DNN can bring more improvement than a shallow neural network. To this end, we propose a meta-learning method based on parameter transfer. Specifically, we firstly apply parameter transfer to fix the parameters in a DNN to relax the problem of training the large number of parameters. In detail, two variants of parameter transfer are designed to adapt to two different conditions about available annotated data samples, including applying supervised learning for normal meta-training and applying unsupervised domain adaptation for even less meta-training data. Then, the model uses a simple trimming operation to make a minor overhaul on the fixed parameters, which avoids updating the large number of parameters but obtains significant improvement. We perform experiments on three common datasets to demonstrate the improved accuracies and advantages of the feature extraction capability of our method.
New Particle Formation and Growth to Climate‐Relevant Aerosols at a Background Remote Site in the Western Himalaya

New particle formation (NPF) can influence the Earth's radiative budget when the newly formed particles grow to climate‐relevant sizes. Here, we present analysis of 21 months of continuous aerosol size distribution measurements at a background remote site in the western Himalaya and provide observational evidence that newly formed particles grow to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)‐active sizes (i.e., >20–100 nm in diameter). Out of total 55 NPF events, 38 (66%) events occurred in the pre‐monsoon season (March–May). NPF events were classified into those with and without pollution influence as polluted and cleaner, respectively, using black carbon data. The analysis of air mass age, based on the ratio of number concentration of Aitken to accumulation mode aerosols, indicated that NPF occurred in the relatively cleaner air masses reaching to the site. The median formation rate of 10 nm particles and particle growth rates for cleaner events were three‐fold and two‐fold, respectively, higher than polluted events. We present the first estimates of the survival probability of newly formed particles to 50 and 100 nm size, which was not attempted in an Indian environment previously. The survival probability to 50 nm particles ranged from 44% to 98%, with a mean and standard deviation of 82 ± 18%. On average, ∼60% of the particles surviving to 50 nm survived to 100 nm, making the overall survival probability of 100 nm to 53 ± 31%. This indicates that the probability of nucleated particles growing to CCN‐active sizes under a large source of condensing vapor (transported from nearby lower‐altitude regions) and low pre‐existing particle concentrations (background mountain site) is high compared to the previous studies. These findings highlight the importance of the efficiency of nucleation events for producing CCN, which is a critical basis of aerosol indirect effects.
Opinions and Attitudes of Secondary School Mathematics Teachers Towards Technology

The literature on the barriers encountered in the use of technology in education indicates that the internal barriers have a deterministic effect within this process. Therefore, it is important to determine the way teachers use technology as well as their opinions and attitudes towards technology in order to ensure effective use of technology in mathematics education. This study aims to determine the opinions and attitudes of secondary school mathematics teachers towards using technology in mathematics education. The convergent parallel design of a mixed methods study was used. The study included the participation of 57 teachers, who were determined on a voluntary basis using the convenience sampling method, from 22 different high schools in Turkey. A written opinion form and The Scale of Attitudes Towards Technology were used as data collection tools. The qualitative data obtained were analysed using descriptive and content analysis methods; quantitative data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance. It was understood that the participants often used only smartboards in their lessons and they preferred teacher-centred classroom applications, which did not involve the hardware and software that allowed student interaction. It was found that the attitudes of mathematics teachers towards technology were “positive” which had a positive effect on using technology in lessons. It was observed that the attitudes of teachers towards technology did not change according to the training they received on using technology in lessons. It was concluded that the attitudes of teachers differed significantly across the scale or in various factors according to their age, the frequency of technology use in their lessons, the variety of hardware and software they use, and their opinions about the use of technology by the students. It can be argued that the positive attitudes of teachers towards technology had a positive effect on using technology in lessons.
Origin of color variations of thin, nano-sized layers of volcanic cinder from the Sierra Negra Volcano of the Galapagos Islands

Volcanic cinder, also known as scoria, is an extrusive igneous rock that forms when gas-rich magmas of basaltic or andesitic composition cool quickly. It is typically dark in color, ranging from black to red depending on its chemical composition. Sometimes fresh cinder samples show a variety of shiny metallic colors on its surface ranging from blue to gold to silver. The origin of these colors has remained unknown up to now. Cinder samples from an eruptive event occurred in October 2005 have been collected in the surroundings of the Sierra Negra volcano in the Galápagos Islands. The samples’ crystallographic structure, chemical composition, and surface morphology have been analyzed using X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) and a field gun emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Based on an extensive physical and chemical analysis, we were able to demonstrate that these colors are due to a light interference phenomenon. These results have a great potential to be used for a wide variety of purposes such as determining the temperature and composition of magma and evaluating volcanic samples for planetary studies.
Water-Body Segmentation for Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing Images by Feature Pyramid Enhancement and Pixel Pair Matching

ABSTRACT Water-body image segmentation is a fundamental operation of many important applications, such as water resources allocation, ecological assessment, flood control, etc. Mainstream neural network based segmentation algorithms are still far from satisfactory for segmenting water-body; complex natural land and water boundaries can easily lead to inaccurate classification with little boundary detail preserved. To improve the performance of water-body segmentation, we propose a novel technique based on feature pyramid enhancement and pixel pair matching. By constructing feature enhancement sub-nets for different scales and superimposing the feature maps together, our technique preserves and transmits more spatial information to the backbone network, hence alleviating the common problem of detail loss in deepened network. Moreover, for each pixel, our technique employs a novel loss term to make the network learn from the classification results of similar neighbouring pixels in order to smooth out small local errors. Experiments on a new water-body dataset, namely DT-1, demonstrate that the proposed methods have improved by at least 1.24% in segmentation precision in comparison with state-of-the-art methods, including the fully connected network (FCN8S), U-Net, SegNet, RefineNet, and DeepLabv3+, which effectively captures the details of water and reduces pixel classification error of the water boundary.
“Let me have a seat and see what's going on in this class”: Perspectives of Early Childhood Teachers about Parental Confrontation

Interpersonal relations are identified as affiliation and connections between teachers and parents in the context of education. Although the number of studies on the nature of interpersonal relations between these two counterparts have increased in recent years, the studies conducted about confrontational situations, especially in the early childhood educational context, are scarce. Whereas confrontational behaviors, which are intense and unexpected, may set barriers for a strong and quality parent-teacher dyad. Within this context, this study explored how early childhood teachers perceive the confrontational behaviors of parents. Interpretive phenomenological approach draws upon data from twelve semi-structured interviews. The data acquired from the participants was subjected to thematic analysis using MAXQDA. The analysis revealed three main themes regarding teachers' perceptions of parental confrontation: deprecation for early childhood education, incongruity of the parents’ actions and the modus operandi of the school, and parental violence against teachers. Indeed, the participants reported a wide-ranging confrontational behaviors of parents varying from the self-ordained to violent behaviors. The participants stated that they felt being frustrated, blamed and manipulated by parents. Although the presence of both psychological and physical violence was mentioned in the interviews, psychological violence like insulting, mocking, and deliberate insolence was more prevalent. In conclusion, this study revealed a need for the construction of professionalism in early childhood education settings within the societal perspective.