Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inferring scale‐dependent processes influencing stream water biogeochemistry from headwater to sea

Understanding how scale‐dependent processes regulate patterns of water chemistry remains a challenge in aquatic biogeochemistry. This study evaluated how chemical properties of streams and rivers vary with drainage size and explored mechanisms that may underlie nonlinear changes with increasing scale. To do this, we contrasted concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) with pH and cations (Ca and Mg) from 69 catchments in northern Sweden, spanning a size gradient from headwaters (< 0.01 km2) to major rivers and estuaries (> 100,000 km2). Across this gradient, we evaluated (1) changes in average concentrations and temporal variation, (2) scale breaks in catchment area‐concentration relationships, and (3) the potential importance of groundwater inputs and instream processes as drivers of change. Results indicated that spatial and temporal signals converge at ∼2–10 km2 as streams draining distinct headwater catchments coalesce and mix. Beyond 10 km2, streams tended to lose headwater signatures, reflecting a transition from shallow to deep groundwater influence. This was accompanied by a second break at ∼70–500 km2 corresponding to reduced spatial variability and a convergence of the response to snowmelt, as the dominance of deep groundwater influence increased with catchment scale. Larger catchments showed greater effect of instream processing on TOC, as concentrations predicted from the conservative mixing of upstream signals and dilution with deep groundwater were lower than measured. This study improves the understanding of scaling biogeochemical patterns and processes in stream networks, highlighting thresholds that imply shifts in the factors that shape variation in chemistry from headwaters to the sea.
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ TALK IN VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL: A CLASSROOM INTERACTION ANALYSIS

In teaching and learning process there is an interaction between teacher and students known as classroom interaction. Classroom interaction can be broken down into two: teacher’s talk and student’s talk. However, in many classes it is common that teacher’s talk is more dominant than students’ talk. Deploying descriptive qualitative study, this paper aimed to find out types of pre-service teacher’s talk in vocational high school classroom interactions, and to find out the type that most frequently used in that classroom interaction. The data were obtained from transcripts of the teaching video from three English pre-service teachers. The data were then analyzed and categorized by using framework of teachers’ talk proposed by Flanders (1970) namely Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC). The result of this study shows that all categories of teachers’ talk occurred in the pre-service teacher classroom interaction with varied percentage of occurrence, such as Asks Question 53%, Accepts Feeling 3%, Praises or Encourages 7%, Accepts or Uses Ideas of Student 6%, Lecturers 9%, Gives Direction 18%, and Criticizes or Justifies Authority 4%. From the data, it can be seen that Asking Question is the category occurred the most in the classrooms which shows the pre-service teachers’ preference on using questions in their classroom interaction. Keywords: English class, classroom interaction, pre-service teacher, teacher’s talk, Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC)
Downregulation of GSK3β and Upregulation of URG7 in Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The exact molecular contributors to the development of HBV-related HCC are not yet completely understood. Recent studies demonstrated that the deregulation of the Wnt pathway is highly associated with the development of HCC. Besides, HBV is known to have roles in the deregulation of this pathway. The present study evaluated the molecular aspects of the Wnt pathway in HBV-related HCC in liver tissue samples. Viral characterization was done by identifying the HBx mutations and the assessment of intrahepatic viral load. The expression of Wnt pathway genes was assessed using real-time PCR and methylation-specific PCR. The intrahepatic viral load was significantly higher in tumor samples than in normal tissues (P = 0.0008). Aberrant expression was observed in Wnt-1, Wnt-7a, FZD2, FZD7, β-catenin, URG7, c-Myc, SFRP5, and GSK3β, among which Wnt1, FZD2, SFRP5, Gsk3β, and URG7 were associated with HBV. HBx mutations at positions I88, L116, and I127 + F132 were associated with the decreased expression of GSK3β and overexpression of URG7 and Wnt1. Alterations in the expression level of β-catenin, as well as some mutants of HBx, were correlated with the level of c-Myc. HBV-related HCC seems to be mostly coordinated with epigenetic behaviors of HBx, such a multi-functional peptide with suppressing/trans-activating functions.
Bee Products as Functional Food

The studies that reveal the impact of the bee products on overall health are accompanied by new researches every year, and the importance of these researches are gradually on the rise. Bee products that are used as food and food supplements and drug concentra‐ tions in the historic process are drawing the attention with their marvellous character‐ istic features. The search for nourishment of the body on behalf of healthy living is currently being searched by many people. Therefore, the consumption of products that protect the health appears as the primary preference of people. In the light of this recent tendency, food sector is now offering well‐supported products that are suitable for this preference. At this point, bee products such as honey, pollen, bee bread, royal jelly and propolis gain importance as functional food with their nutritious features that help in protecting the health. In this article, within the consideration of the researches that evaluate bee products as functional food, we aim to introduce the prominence of bee products in our nourishment and overall health.
Unveiling the β Pictoris system, coupling high contrast imaging, interferometric, and radial velocity data

Context. The nearby and young β Pictoris system hosts a well resolved disk, a directly imaged massive giant planet orbiting at ≃9 au, as well as an inner planet orbiting at ≃2.7 au, which was recently detected through radial velocity (RV). As such, it offers several unique opportunities for detailed studies of planetary system formation and early evolution. Aims. We aim to further constrain the orbital and physical properties of β Pictoris b and c using a combination of high contrast imaging, long base-line interferometry, and RV data. We also predict the closest approaches or the transit times of both planets, and we constrain the presence of additional planets in the system. Methods. We obtained six additional epochs of SPHERE data, six additional epochs of GRAVITY data, and five additional epochs of RV data. We combined these various types of data in a single Markov-chain Monte Carlo analysis to constrain the orbital parameters and masses of the two planets simultaneously. The analysis takes into account the gravitational influence of both planets on the star and hence their relative astrometry. Secondly, we used the RV and high contrast imaging data to derive the probabilities of presence of additional planets throughout the disk, and we tested the impact of absolute astrometry. Results. The orbital properties of both planets are constrained with a semi-major axis of 9.8 ± 0.4 au and 2.7 ± 0.02 au for b and c, respectively, and eccentricities of 0.09 ± 0.1 and 0.27 ± 0.07, assuming the HIPPARCOS distance. We note that despite these low fitting error bars, the eccentricity of β Pictoris c might still be over-estimated. If no prior is provided on the mass of β Pictoris b, we obtain a very low value that is inconsistent with what is derived from brightness-mass models. When we set an evolutionary model motivated prior to the mass of β Pictoris b, we find a solution in the 10–11 MJup range. Conversely, β Pictoris c’s mass is well constrained, at 7.8 ± 0.4 MJup, assuming both planets are on coplanar orbits. These values depend on the assumptions on the distance of the β Pictoris system. The absolute astrometry HIPPARCOS-Gaia data are consistent with the solutions presented here at the 2σ level, but these solutions are fully driven by the relative astrometry plus RV data. Finally, we derive unprecedented limits on the presence of additional planets in the disk. We can now exclude the presence of planets that are more massive than about 2.5 MJup closer than 3 au, and more massive than 3.5 MJup between 3 and 7.5 au. Beyond 7.5 au, we exclude the presence of planets that are more massive than 1–2 MJup. Conclusions. Combining relative astrometry and RVs allows one to precisely constrain the orbital parameters of both planets and to give lower limits to potential additional planets throughout the disk. The mass of β Pictoris c is also well constrained, while additional RV data with appropriate observing strategies are required to properly constrain the mass of β Pictoris b.
Lateglacial and Holocene environmental history of the central Kola region, northwestern Russia revealed by a sediment succession from Lake Imandra

Bolshaya Imandra, the northern sub‐basin of Lake Imandra, was investigated by a hydro‐acoustic survey followed by sediment coring down to the acoustic basement. The sediment record was analysed by a combined physical, biogeochemical, sedimentological, granulometrical and micropalaeontological approach to reconstruct the regional climatic and environmental history. Chronological control was obtained by 14C dating, 137Cs, and Hg markers as well as pollen stratigraphy and revealed that the sediment succession offers the first continuous record spanning the Lateglacial and Holocene for this lake. Following the deglaciation prior to c. 13 200 cal. a BP, the lake's sub‐basin initially was occupied by a glacifluvial river system, before a proglacial lake with glaciolacustrine sedimentation established. Rather mild climate, a sparse vegetation cover and successive retreat of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) from the lake catchment characterized the Bølling/Allerød interstadial, lasting until 12 710 cal. a BP. During the subsequent Younger Dryas chronozone, until 11 550 cal. a BP, climate cooling led to a decrease in vegetation cover and a re‐advance of the SIS. The SIS disappeared from the catchment at the Holocene transition, but small glaciers persisted in the mountains at the eastern lake shore. During the Early Holocene, until 8400 cal. a BP, sedimentation changed from glaciolacustrine to lacustrine and rising temperatures caused the spread of thermophilous vegetation. The Middle Holocene, until 3700 cal. a BP, comprises the regional Holocene Thermal Maximum (8000–4600 cal. a BP) with relatively stable temperatures, denser vegetation cover and absence of mountain glaciers. Reoccurrence of mountain glaciers during the Late Holocene, until 30 cal. a BP, presumably results from a slight cooling and increased humidity. Since c. 30 cal. a BP Lake Imandra has been strongly influenced by human impact, originating in industrial and mining activities. Our results are in overall agreement with vegetation and climate reconstructions in the Kola region.
Comparison of recruitment tile materials for monitoring coralline algae responses to a changing climate

Settlement plates are widely used in ecological studies as a simple and effective way to assess recruitment and growth of sessile benthic communities. Plate material and surface complexity, positioning, size, attachment method, placement within the reef and duration of deployment can all influence the communities that recruit. Using different plate types can affect study reproducibility and skew results, yet no standardised guidelines exist for monitoring crustose coralline algae (CCA), a key bioindicator of changing seawater carbonate chemistry. Here, we compare 6 experimental tile materials (including plastic, ceramic and glass tiles) at 2 orientations (horizontal and vertical) for CCA community recruitment and calcification across 3 habitats (back reef, fore reef crest and reef slope). CCA were 20% more abundant, calcified faster and were twice as speciose on fore reef habitats. Community composition also varied with tile material and orientation. Vertically oriented surfaces and plastic and limestone tiles produced the closest approximation of real-world communities. Horizontal surfaces appeared to encourage coralline recruitment, particularly in light-limited environments, but also attracted greater herbivory. PVC tiles were the optimal approach when all factors were considered, as they generated a percent cover representative of adjacent reef communities and produced more consistent calcification estimates (across space and time), as well as being cheaper and easier to work with. Selection of plate type and deployment methods will ultimately depend on the experimental question; here we describe the benefits and costs of each material and/or orientation and suggest the adoption of PVC tiles as an optimal overall approach for monitoring CCA.
TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION, HETEROSIS AND HERITABILITY FOR YIELD-RELATED TRAITS IN A SEGREGATING POPULATION OF PISUM SATIVUM L.

SUMMARY Pea is a self-pollinated, diploid (2n = 14), annual crop produced worldwide for human consumption and animal feed. The exploitation of maximum genetic potential from available pea resources implies the knowledge of genetic parameters of yield components. Hence, the present study was conducted in a cross between two pea varieties, namely DDR14 and Explorer, its F2 progeny and F3 families to find out transgressive segregants and to determine the magnitude of narrow sense heritability and heterosis. The high narrow sense heritability values obtained indicated that rapid gain could be achieved through selection for the different traits; however, the presence of genotype x environment interaction could limit the correspondence of these estimated values with the observed ones. The selection of lines through their phenotypic values is influenced by environmental and error effects. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) was used for the prediction of genotypic values using morphological data from different years, allowing the correction for environmental effects. These estimates were used for genetic analysis of the traits. Heterosis was observed for number of pods (27.1%) and number of seeds (23.3%), characters that have a direct effect on yield. The cross also showed high frequency of transgressive segregation for these characters in F3 generation (15.5% and 13.6%, respectively). There were 12.73% families transgressive for two or more characters, with genotypic values of 49.82–64.41 for number of pods and 153.75–189.59 for seed number. The crossing between Explorer and DDR14 provided a base for the selection of superior progeny.
Examining a Child Welfare Parenting Intervention for Parents With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose: There is scant child welfare research on parenting interventions for parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). This mixed-methods research examined client participation in an in-home parenting intervention, including client characteristics, which clients benefit most from participation, and key aspects of program participation. Method: The sample included participant program records, client satisfaction surveys, stakeholder interviews, and a staff focus group. The quantitative data were analyzed using growth curves and binary logistic regression. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Time spent in Project Improving Parenting Achievements Together was predictive of improvement in parenting skills and the home environment and reduction in the odds of out-of-home placement for children of parents with I/DD. The intensity of services, tailored education, community engagement, and client–worker relationship were the key aspects of program participation. Discussion: With proper supports, parents with I/DD can learn parenting skills, improve the home environment, and keep their family intact.
On monotonic and logarithmic concavity properties of generalized $k$-Bessel function

In this study, our main objective is to determine some monotonic and log-concavity properties of generalized $k$-Bessel function by using its Hadamard product representation and some earlier results on power series. In addition, by using the relationships between Bessel-type special functions and some basic functions, we present some specific examples related to the monotonic and log-concavity properties of some trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.
Effect of variety and stage of maturity at harvest on nutrient and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of forage barley grown in western Canada

Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of variety (V; CDC Cowboy, CDC Copeland, and Xena) and stage of harvest maturity (M; milk, early-, mid-, and hard-dough) on nutrient and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) characteristics of barley forage using a randomized complete block design with 3 × 4 factorial treatment arrangement. Barley varieties had similar crude protein, but CDC Cowboy had greater (P < 0.01) acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and lignin, and lower (P < 0.01) total digestible nutrient (TDN) content relative to Xena. Starch content of CDC Cowboy was lower (P < 0.01) than Xena at all stages of maturity with CDC Copeland intermediate at early- and mid-dough stages. Crude protein, ADF, NDF, and lignin content decreased (P < 0.01) while starch and TDN content increased (P < 0.01) with advancing maturity. Xena had greater (P < 0.01) NDFD, as determined by 6 h in vitro incubation using DaisyII system (NDFD6h), at milk, mid- and hard-dough stages of maturity than CDC Cowboy with CDC Copeland intermediate at mid-dough. However, CDC Cowboy had greater (P < 0.01) NDFD, as determined by 30 h in vitro incubation using DaisyII system (NDFD30h), at early-dough stage than Xena and greater NDFD30h at hard-dough stage than CDC Copeland. Xena had the lowest (P < 0.01) indigestible NDF based on 288 h ruminal in situ incubation (INDF288h), relative to CDC Copeland. These results indicate that to optimize NDFD30h, variety should be considered when deciding the timing of harvest.
Leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic: building and sustaining trust in times of uncertainty

The year 2020 will be remembered as the year of the most significant global pandemic since the Spanish influenza. As Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gradually encompasses the globe, it leaves a trail of destruction in its wake. Hundreds of thousands of direct lives lost, millions of persons affected with the disease, potentially with long-term health consequences, disruption to global travel and trade, and dislocation of communities and individual lives. At an international, national and community level, leaders across all sectors have been required to respond to both direct and indirect effects of this crisis, with little time for preparation, and in a constantly changing environment. For leaders, this significant uncertainty exacerbates the challenges associated with decision making and requires a rapidly adaptive response not usually associated with leadership in more ‘business-as-usual’ times.1 Leadership examples and frameworks during crises exist from the military and emergency management sectors. However, a key challenge of a pandemic is that an effective management of the situation requires large-scale human behaviour change. When adoption is insufficient, collective benefits are not guaranteed. A global pandemic is therefore a ‘litmus test of trust in a health system’ (p.214). 2 Trust is an individual’s expectation or belief, often in circumstances of vulnerability, that the actions or motives of another person are honest, fair and based on integrity (follow sound ethical principles). 3 Trust can be at a system, organisational or individual level. It can be inspired by confidence from past behaviours, however, it is also dynamic, being developed de novo from individual or organisational relationships. Trust allows a person with less knowledge, power or ability to process complex information, to rely on another individual or institution to make decisions aligned with their well-being. Thus, trust has historically been a cornerstone of clinical care and clinician–patient …
Genetic analysis of long lactations in dairy goats

The breeding objective for dairy goats in Southern Germany is high lifetime performance in dairy traits. While analyzing test day milk records, it was observed that a proportion of goats are milked for long lactations meaning that these are longer than the usual 240-days (20% in Bavaria, 8% in Baden-Wuerttemberg). Usually, dairy goat production is seasonal. Goats are kidding in springtime and are milked until late autumn when they are dried off. For long lactations, goats are not dried off and are milked up to ≥ 2 years without kidding. The aim of the present study is to examine the influence of long lactations on different performance traits in dairy goats. The analysis was based on 392,342 test day milkings in 42,973 lactations of German Fawn (BDE) and German White (WDE) goats in Bavaria, Germany. The data came from 16,579 dairy goats and birth years ranged from 1988 – 2016. Long lactations were defined to be more than 305 days in milk. Either the current or the previous lactation can be a long lactation. For the analysis, lactations were grouped into 120-day segments. In total, six lactation segments were defined and lactations up to 720 days in milk analyzed. Within the first lactation segment 42,845 observations were available, from third to fourth segment the observations decreased from 26,119 to 7,648. In general, it could be shown that goats with long lactations have significantly higher milk yields at the start of their lactation than goats with lactations <305 days. Heritabilities for milk-kg were 0.26, 0.32, 0.16, 0.19, 0.23 and 0.15 for the lactations periods one to six, respectively, and 0.30, 0.35, 0.21, 0.31 and 0.24 for fat-%. Heritabilities for persistency were 0.13 (lactation segment 2 to 1), 0.12 (lactation segment 3 to 2), 0.1 (lactation segment 4 to 3), 0.16 (lactation segment 5 to 4) and 0.17 (lactation segment 6 to 5). The heritabilities are promising for use within a breeding program. When designing a national evaluation for lifetime performance in dairy traits, procedures for handling long lactations need to be determined. Also, the breeding programs have to consider that superior does with long lactations are an important resource for planned matings.