Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carcass traits, abdominal fat deposition and chemical composition of commercial meat type chicken during a twenty week growing period

A great change has taken place in meat type chicken especially in the past 40 years (HAVENSTEIN et al., 1994). In 1950 a 12 week period was required to reach the slaughter weight of 1.8-2.0 kg. Nowadays it requires even less than 6 weeks (REMIGNON et al., 1994). H AVENSTEIN et al. (1994) reported average bodyweight of 1957 type broilers fed 1957 diets to be 508, 790, 1087 and 1400 g at the age of 42, 56, 70 and 84 days respectively. Arbor Acres commercial broilers attained 2132, 3108, 3812 and 4498 g liveweight fed 1991 diets for the same ages sexes combined. The increase in bodyweight at 42 weeks was exceeding 400% at the age of 42 days and only 20% of this could be attributed to the improved diets fed in 1991 compared to those of 1957. Feeding effects diminished with age, at 84 days of age the improvement was only 8% . The changes in commercial broilers are most apparent in growth and feed conversion but it did affect also carcass traits and body composition to as recent data published indicate (HAVENSTEIN et al. 1994 ). Very few reports have been published so far, presenting data on carcass traits and chemical composition of commercial broilers raised far beyond normal broiler or roaster age. G REY et al. (1982) reported on live body weight, eviscerated yield, muscle and edible offal of a commercial broiler strain (Ross 1) at 21, 35, 56, 76, 175 and 364 days of age. S0RENSEN and D uCRO (1995) compared growth and chemical composition of broiler experimental lines grown till 140 days of age. Informations on whole body composition are limited considering the ! arge volume of research published with broilers grown ti! l market age close to that practised in commercial operations. This inadequacy occurred because grinding the whole body is difficult, feathers creating the overwhelming part of the problem. Most often the chemical analyses are performed on the defeathered bodies (MoRAN, 1995). In the trial reported in this paper we present data on carcass traits, abdominal fat deposition and chemical composition of the whole
Parasites in dairy cattle farms in southern Brazil

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation among type and size of the farms related to the management of production and especially the presence and control of parasites. Materials and methods. To accomplish the above, 65 farms were used: 56 of semi-extensive system (cows in pastures), classified as low density farms (n=15, up to 15/cows), medium density farms (n=20; between 16-30/cows) and large density farms (n=21; over 31/cows). It was also included nine farms freestall system (n=9; confinement, over 70 cows) as part of the study population. Results. In the farms visited for the study can be noticed that the farms that had the higher level of technological improvement in managements practice were properties in high level (3) and freestall (4). In most of the farms there were observed the presence of ticks and flies, regardless of density of farms. Feces samples collected from 650 cows (n=10/farm), and analyzed using McMaster showed that 191 cows were positive for parasites. The presence of antibodies in bulk milk tank occurred in 36 (55.38%; CI95% 42-67) to Neospora caninum of the studied farms. Conclusions. We also conclude that N. caninum is present in cattle herds in Western Santa Catarina, and may be linked to reproductive problems in cows.
Improving buyer-supplier relationship management: A multiple case-study in the Dutch construction industry

The objective of this paper is to shed light on obstacles to, and opportunities for, increasing the effectiveness of construction firms in managing buyer-supplier relationships. More specifically, the focus is on assessing the maturity level of buyer-supplier relationship management by construction firms. First, on the basis of a literature review and discussions with industry experts, five constructs were defined and, on the basis of these constructs, a measurement tool was developed. Following this, the maturity level in terms of the five constructs was assessed by applying the measurement tool in 19 Dutch construction firms. The results demonstrate a large potential for improved management of buyer-supplier relationships. Although there are major factors impeding, there are, at the same time, developments stimulating the effectiveness of managing buyer-supplier relationships. A useful next research step would be to determine the optimum portfolio of relationship types between contractors and suppliers in the construction industry
The response of NG2-glia after traumatic brain injury

The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) consists of many different cell types contributing to its complex functional outcome. Its task of controlling essential body functions led to a unique cellular composition of this organ with many tissue-specific properties. One of the resulting consequences is an altered response to tissue damage, leading to insufficient regeneration following CNS injuries or diseases, which yields detrimental outcome for the majority of brain pathologies. A CNS-specific cell type which has just recently been connected to injury response are the NG2-glia. So far, these cells were known to be the major proliferative pool outside the neurogenic niches and are furthermore the progenitors of oligodendrocytes in the adult brain parenchyma. Given their great abundance, it is of major importance to better characterize the behavior and functionality of NG2-glia especially in relation to brain injury. Therefore, the aim of this PhD thesis was to further the knowledge about the course of events and potential functions of the NG2-glia response following traumatic brain injury. A detailed analysis of the cellular events employing in vivo two-photon microscopy in stab wounded mice expressing GFP within the oligodendrocyte lineage, revealed a fast and heterogeneous response of the majority of NG2-glia. The cells showed different behaviors like hypertrophy, polarization, migration and proliferation; whereas a small subset of NG2-glia and all mature oligodendrocytes remained static, retaining their initial position and morphology. The intensity of the observed injury response of NG2-glia was dependent on the severity of tissue damage as well as the distance to the injury. During the peak of NG2-glia reactivity that was observed between 2-4 days after injury an accumulation of NG2-glia directly within and in very close proximity to the lesion core could be detected. This cellular amassment led to a transient discontinuity of the homeostatic control of NG2-glia, which had been observed under physiological conditions. While starting from one week after injury, this cellular homeostasis was progressively reinstated and completely restored one month later. These events of cellular accumulation of NG2-glia after brain injury argue for the contribution to a first scaffold that is built after tissue damage, probably participating in wound closure and highlighting their importance in brain pathology.
Anatomical, Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Studies on Celosia argentea (Linn.)

Anatomical, Proximate, Vitamin and Mineral studies were carried out on the various parts (root, stem, leaf and petiole) of Celosia argentea L. using standard techniques. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the statistical analysis. Anatomical result revealed similar features in their epidermis and cortex and differences in their vascular bundles arrangement. Proximate analysis revealed that protein and fat contents were highest in the leaf (13.11±0.01%) and (10.61±0.00%) respectively. Crude fibre, ash and moisture contents were highest in the stem (20.85±0.07%), (23.91±0.02%) and (31.11±0.00%) respectively. Vitamins A and C contents were highest in leaf (9.02±0.03 μg/g) and (56.00±3.66 mg/100g) respectively. Mineral analysis showed that Zinc, phosphorus and iron contents were highest in leaf (0.82 ± 0.01 mg/100 g), (39.77±5.06 mg/100 g), (8.19±1.02 mg/100 g) respectively. This work has indicated that Celosia argentea is highly nutritious and should be included in our diet. Apart from the leaf eaten by our people, other parts of the plant (root and stem) should also be used as food. Also the anatomical result is an additional aid to the taxonomic characterization of the plant. Original Research Article Ilodibia et al.; BBJ, 15(4): 1-7, 2016; Article no.BBJ. 28300 2
Effects of DP and CRTH2 activation on osteoblast function

"Effects of DP and CRTH2 activation on osteoblast function" Modulation of PGs by inhibition or stimulation is a promising approach for the management of pain and inflammation in patients with rheumatic disease. Based on recent results from our laboratories as well as on the literature, we hypothesise that Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is an important anabolic agent for osteoblasts. Our re­ sults show that the PGD2 decreases the osteoblasts proliferation acting probably through the CRTH2 receptor. Surprisingly, when DK-PGD2 was used alone or with Naproxen, although the proliferation decreased with the dose, it seemed to be re­ stored to the control level at higher concentrations of DK-PGD2. Thus, we hypothe­ sise the existence of other compensatory mechanisms. The PGD2 had no relevant ef­ fect alone or when used with Naproxen, but seemed to decrease the osteoblast differ­ entiation when used with Diclofenac at a higher concentration only. When vitamin D was added to all conditions, PGD2 had an inhibitoiy effect on the differentiation (dose-response), but this could not be replicated when Naproxen was used. In a test with Diclofenac, we can assume a decreasing trend-line for differentiation when aug­ menting the PGD2 dose, but the effect is not statistically relevant. In a competition test with PGD2 and DP/CRTH2 antagonists, blocking DP receptor yielded no effect on differentiation, and blocking the CRTH2 receptor showed a relevant decrease at high concentration of PGD2. The effect was similar in a test with PGD2 and PPARy an­ tagonist suggesting that it might have a compensatory, positive effect that reversed DP activation. The PGD2 has a slight positive effect on the osteoblast matrix minerali­ sation (with Naproxen), but not through its receptors since use of DP/CRTH2 an­ tagonists did not abrogate this. In a competition test with PGD2 and DP/CRTH2 an­ tagonists we had no response. When we used the PGD2 in the presence of PPARy an­ tagonist, the calcification decreased significantly, indicating that the positive effect of PGD2 on calcification works rather through this receptor.
Indications of polypides in feeding zooids and polymorphs in Lower Paleozoic trepostomata (Bryozoa)

Delicate symmetrical structures in living chambers of autozooecia of some lower Paleozoic species of the order Trepostomata have been interpreted as indications of polypides with little further elaboration. Applications of the anatomy, mode of skeletal growth, and functional requirements basic to living species permit recognition of a few organs of these partially preserved polypides, their functions, and their relationships to enclosing skeletons. Only one basic polypide anatomy is indicated in lower Paleozoic trepostome species, in contrast to the wide diversity of polypide anatomy and their lack of correlation with skeletal characteristics in living stenolaemates. In general, the longer the evolutionary history, the greater the diversity of skeletal morphology in stenolaemates. Apparently, polypide diversity and lack of correlation with skeletal morphology also have increased over time. The complex skeletal septa in autozooecial apertures of the lower Paleozoic trepostome Hallopora have been interpreted as reflecting an organ of full-sized feeding polypides. Applications of the basic biological concepts of living species suggest that the septa provided reduced skeletal apertures to fit smaller polypides of polymorphs that secondarily occupied the living chambers of full-sized degenerated feeding polypides.
STRUCTURAL BASIS FOR THERMOSTABILITY AND THERMAL DEPENDENCE OF ACTIVITY IN ALPHA/BETA BARREL GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES

A fundamental biochemical observation is that most enzymes have a limited temperature range for activity and stability. Many attempts have been made to understand the mechanisms that determine this range for a specific enzyme. Studies comparing the structural variations between mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes have led to speculation that different structural factors such as the number of ion pairs, the number of hydrogen bonds, the amount and type of solvent exposed surface area, and the amino acid composition are important. In order to determine whether any of these factors varied significantly between mesophilic enzymes alone, I performed a statistical analysis of the distributions of these factors in all mesophilic and thermophilic α/β barrel glycosyl hydrolase structures. These data provide a spectrum of values against which researchers can compare findings from pairwise studies of naturally occurring homologues to evaluate whether the differences they observe are significant and worth further study. Only two significant differences were observed between the two groups studied: the number of glycine residues in turns at the bottom of the barrel was higher in mesophilic structures and the B factors were consistently lower in the thermophilic structures. These observations suggest differences in enzyme flexibility may play a key role in temperature adaptation. For the factors most commonly conjectured as imparting thermostability (ion pairs, hydrogen bonds, solvent accessible surface area, and amino acid composition) the degree of fluctuation within one temperature regime (mesophiles) was equal to the variability between the two regimes (mesophiles vs. thermophiles). Consequently, such comparisons of gross structural features between naturally occurring extremophilic homologs were found not to contain sufficient resolution to determine the molecular basis for thermostability.
The larval development of the spider crab Rochinia gracilipes (Crustacea: Majoidea: Epialtidae: Pisinae) reared in the laboratory

ABSTRACT The larval development of the spider crab Rochinia gracilipes Milne-Edwards, 1875 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea: Epialtidae: Pisinae) is described and illustrated from laboratory-reared larvae. Development consisted of two zoeal stages and one megalopa, following the typical pattern in Majoidea. Zoea I of R. gracilipes, R. debilis and R. carpenteri differed in lengths of the rostral spine of the carapace, in the number of setae and aesthetascs of several head appendages (exopods of antennules, endopods of maxillules, and endopods and scaphognathites of maxillae) and in the length of posterolateral processes of abdominal somites; lateral carapace spines were present only in R. carpenteri and pleopod buds only in R. debilis. Megalopae of Rochinia gracilipes and R. carpenteri differed in several notable characters: a dorsal spine and long rostrum of the carapace, as well as spines in coxa and ischium of pereiopods, appeared only in R. carpenteri, and podobranchiae of the 3rd maxilliped appeared only in R. gracilipes; they also differed in setation of abdomen and pleopods. The comparison of the available information on Pisinae larval development suggested that larval morphology would not help to accurately understand the phylogenetic relationships of this subfamily of spider crabs.
Microbial spoilage of packaged gari in storage

Etude qualitative et quantitative de la microflore (bacteries, moisissures) de ce produit de fermentation du manioc a l'etat frais et apres entreposage de 10 semaines a 15-20 o C. On cherche a identifier les microorganismes responsables de «l'odeur de levure» presentee par le produit altere
Mots clés : Propolis, Cotinus coggigria Scop, effet anti- bactérien, Aeromonas hydrophila. Antibacterial effect of extracts from Bulgarian's "poplar" propolis and Smoke tree (Cotinus coggigria Scop.) against Aeromonas hydro- phila (ATCC 7965)

Some fish bacterial pathogens are also associated to diseases in humans (zoonotic or foodborne diseases), making the aquaculture products a potential risk to the customers [10]. It is well known that Aeromonas hydrophila strains associated with human gastroenteritis are capable of growing in foods at refrigeration temperatures currently considered adequate for preventing the growth of foodborne pathogens [21].
Synthesis and potential antimicrobial activity of some new compounds containing the pyrazol-3-one moiety

Pyrazolone derivative 3 was prepared by the nucleophilic addition of 2,5-diphenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (1) to chalcone (2). Reaction of 3 with hydrazine hydrate, phenylhydrazine, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, p-chlorobenzaldehyde, acetyl chloride and phosphorus pentasulfide afforded the corresponding hydrazone, phenylhydrazone, oxime, arylidene, O-acetyl and dithio derivatives. Pyrazolone 1 was condensed also with cyclohexanone and aromatic aldehydes; the behaviour of the obtained arylidene derivatives towards hydrazines, cyclohexanone, malononitrile and urea was also investigated. Some of the new compounds showed antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
Significance of Complement Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Complement activation is a major inflammatory process whose primary functions are to assist in removing micro-organisms and cellular debris and processing of immune complexes. The complement system is composed of more than 30 plasma and membrane-associated proteins, accounting for approximately 10% of the globulins in vertebrate serum, which function as an inflammatory cascade. Complement can be activated by many factors, including immune complexes, polysaccharides (including lipopolysaccharide, the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria), and neuropathological structures such as senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and Lewy bodies.
Detection of PinX1 and 14-3-3 in the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and study on gene expressions during viral infection and environmental stresses.

Two genes, PinX1 and 14-3-3, have been isolated and investigated for their expression in shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei when infected with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and subjected to environmental stresses. A putative PinX1 protein of 180 amino acids showed a 65% similarity to the zebra fish PinX1 protein (Danio rerio) and had a G-patch domain similar to human PinX1. The sequence of a full length cDNA of 14-3-3 has a very high similarity (96%) to other shrimp 14-3-3like protein (Feneropenaeus merguiensis and Penaeus monodon). Transcripts of PinX1 and 14-3-3 were up regulated in the hemolymph of viral infected shrimp with the highest expression level at 24 hrs p.i. Shrimp showing mortality characteristics had very low expression of these two genes. In animals subjected to a combined low temperature (19-20°C) and low oxygen (DO 1-1.5 mg/L) for 24 hrs, an interesting result was that the transcript of PinX1 was drastically increased. In contrast, 14-3-3 did not show any significant differences between the six treatments. The results of this work indicated that the PinX1 protein might play an important role in the shrimp response to viral infection and repose to certain stresses. In contrast the 14-3-3 protein might play a particularly important role in the immune defended mechanisms of viral infections of shrimps.
Changes in amino acids during the alcoholic fermentation of grape juice at different temperatures

Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes propose d'etudier l'influence de la temperature de fermentation sur l'utilisation de l'azote assimilable du mout de raisin. La temperature influence l'assimilation des acides amines par les levures au cours de la fermentation. Les acides amines les plus abondants dans le mout, a l'exception de la praline, sont consommes rapidement des le debut de la fermentation. Cette assimilation est plus forte a temperature elevee. La faible assimilation des acides amines a basse temperature correspond a un ralentissement de la fermentation alcoolique. De meme, la temperature de fermentation est en relation inverse avec la teneur finale en acides amines du vin obtenu; de ce fait les concentrations les plus elevees sont obtenues a basse temperature.
Reduction in Animal Use 35 Years after Russell & Burch's Principles of Humane Experimental Technique

“Reduction” in animal use can be achieved by better experimental strategy and improved experimental design. In 1959, one strategy for discovering new drugs involved the random testing of thousands of chemicals in animal models of disease. This strategy was deplored by Russell & Burch in The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (1959) as being inefficient and inhumane, and has now been almost completely superseded, following fundamental research resulting in an improved understanding of the mechanisms of drug action. Random screening is still done on a large scale, but by using in vitro methods. Good experimental design involves the control of variation. In 1959, it was not clear whether isogenic (inbred or F1 hybrid) strains of mice and rats were more uniform than outbred stocks and whether they should therefore be used preferentially in bioassays. It is now generally accepted that F1 hybrids and inbred strains tend to be more uniform, but, as precision also depends on sensitivity, which is unpredictable, there is no general rule for choosing the best strain for a bioassay. Choice should be based on pilot studies. However, the use of more-uniform, specific pathogen-free animals, which were only just becoming available in 1959, has certainly reduced the number of animals which are used. Other aspects of experimental design, such as the need to avoid bias, have a wide range of applicability; the importance of simplicity and the ability to calculate uncertainty are, apparently, not always appreciated by research scientists. The concept of “reduction” has been useful in focusing attention on the need for improved experimental design. In the long-run, animal welfare legislation and improved training for research scientists should lead to improvements, not only in the way in which animals are kept, but also in the way in which experiments are planned and analysed.
Female reproductive biology and larval life history of Ambystoma salamanders: a comparison of egg size, hatchling size, and larval growth

We examined relationships among life history parameters for three species of Ambystoma: clutch size and female size, hatchling size and ovum size, and growth rates of hatchling larvae. We used female A. opacum to test for a possible relationship between clutch size and female snout-vent length; larval A. talpoideum and A. maculatum were used to test for possible relationships among the larval life history parameters. In addition, we tested larvae of A. opacum, A. maculatum and A. talpoideum for possible differences in larval growth rates. A significantly positive relationship was found between clutch size and female snout-vent length for A. opacum. Hatchling size was positively related to ovum size for A. maculatum, but not for A. talpoideum. Conversely, growth rate was positively related to both ovum diameter and hatchling length for A. talpoideum but not for A. maculatum. The results of a multiple linear regression revealed that hatchling length can significantly predict growth rate in larval A. talpoideum better than the initial size of ova. These two variables in combination explain more of the variance in the relationship than does hatchling length alone. There was no significant difference in the larval growth rates of A. opacum and A. maculatum, but both had a faster growth rate than larval A. talpoideum.