Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from swine and workers in China.

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in livestock and related workers in four Chinese provinces and the characteristics of these isolates. METHODS Nasal swabs were collected from animals and farm workers in four Chinese provinces. MRSA isolates were recovered and characterized by PFGE, Panton-Valentine leucocidin PCR, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCC) mec typing, spa typing, multilocus sequence typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and testing for inducible clindamycin resistance. RESULTS A total of 60 MRSA isolates were recovered from swine and swine workers. Two predominant multidrug resistance profiles were identified: ciprofloxacin/clindamycin/erythromycin/cefoxitin/gentamicin/tetracycline/chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin/clindamycin/erythromycin/cefoxitin/gentamicin/tetracycline. All isolates were determined to be spa type t899, contained the group III SCCmec element and were Panton-Valentine leucocidin negative. Multilocus sequence type ST9 (n = 46) was identified as the dominant sequence type. One dominant PFGE cluster and a dominant strain type were identified. CONCLUSIONS MRSA from Chinese pigs and farm workers (ST9) differed from the European pig-associated clone (ST398) with regard to clonal type, SCCmec content and resistance profile.
How Many Neurons Does it Take to Approximate the Maximum?

We study the size of a neural network needed to approximate the maximum function over $d$ inputs, in the most basic setting of approximating with respect to the $L_2$ norm, for continuous distributions, for a network that uses ReLU activations. We provide new lower and upper bounds on the width required for approximation across various depths. Our results establish new depth separations between depth 2 and 3, and depth 3 and 5 networks, as well as providing a depth $\mathcal{O}(\log(\log(d)))$ and width $\mathcal{O}(d)$ construction which approximates the maximum function, significantly improving upon the depth requirements of the best previously known bounds for networks with linearly-bounded width. Our depth separation results are facilitated by a new lower bound for depth 2 networks approximating the maximum function over the uniform distribution, assuming an exponential upper bound on the size of the weights. Furthermore, we are able to use this depth 2 lower bound to provide tight bounds on the number of neurons needed to approximate the maximum by a depth 3 network. Our lower bounds are of potentially broad interest as they apply to the widely studied and used \emph{max} function, in contrast to many previous results that base their bounds on specially constructed or pathological functions and distributions.
HUBUNGAN KADAR TIMBAL (PB) PADA RAMBUT DAN DARAH PEKERJA BENGKEL MOTOR SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR DI KABUPATEN JOMBANG

Latar belakang: Pekerja bengkel memiliki kecenderungan lebih besar menghirup udara yang mengandung timbal dan dapat mengakibatkan keracunan. Kandungan timbal (Pb) pada pekerja yang berhubungan dengan buangan timbal dalam tubuh seseorang dipengaruhi oleh umur, jenis kelamin dan masa kerja. Rambut dan darah dapat dijadikan sebagai bioindikator pemaparan timbal dalam tubuh. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar timbal (Pb) pada rambut dan darah pekerja bengkel di kabupaten Jombang. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan mempertimbangkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil: Dari 25 sampel dapat diketahui bahwa 17 sampel rambut dan darah memiliki kadar timbal di atas ambang batas. Paparan timbal (Pb) dalam tubuh dipengaruhi oleh masa kerja dan umur. Usia diatas 35 tahun dengan masa kerja ≥ 4 tahun memiliki kadar timbal (Pb) yang lebih besar. Simpulan: Kadar timbal (Pb) dalam rambut dan darah dapat dijadikan bioindicator timbal (Pb) dalam tubuh dan keduanya memiliki hubungan berbanding lurus dengan hasil koefisien korelasi 0.965.
Relations between hypergeometric function of Appel $F_3$ and Kampé de Fériet functions

Carlson [Some extensions of Lardner’s relations between 0F3 and Bessel functions, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 1(2) (1970), 232–242] presented certain connections between Bessel and generalized hypergeometric functions, which generalizes some earlier results. Here, by simply splitting the hypergeometric Appell series F3 into four parts, we show how some useful and generalized relations between F3 and Kampé de Fériet function F 0I4I4 2I1I1 can be obtained. These main results are shown to be specialized to yield certain relations between functions 0F1, 0F3, F 0I4I4 2I1I1 , and the Humbert function 2 some of which are still reduced to produce the Carlson’s relations and some other interesting relations between the exponential function, the hyperbolic functions, and modified Bessel functions. Furthermore, decomposition formulas and integral representations of Euler type with hypergeometric function in the kernel for the function F 0I4I4 2I1I1 are derived by means of Burchnall-Chaundy operator method which has recently been revived. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 33C20; Secondary 44A45
Laplacian Power Networks: Bounding Indicator Function Smoothness for Adversarial Defense

Deep Neural Networks often suffer from lack of robustness to adversarial noise. To mitigate this drawback, authors have proposed different approaches, such as adding regularizers or training using adversarial examples. In this paper we propose a new regularizer built upon the Laplacian of similarity graphs obtained from the representation of training data at each intermediate representation. This regularizer penalizes large changes (across consecutive layers in the architecture) in the distance between examples of different classes. We provide theoretical justification for this regularizer and demonstrate its effectiveness when facing adversarial noise on classical supervised learning vision datasets.
Sample Size for Multiple Hypothesis Testing in Biosimilar Development

ABSTRACT In biosimilar development, often multiple endpoints within a study, multiple doses and routes of administration or multiple studies in different populations are considered. However, a regulatory requirement is that equivalence of the biosimilar and the reference drug has to be shown for all comparisons, which would typically require a large sample size for a clinical development program. One way that the sample size can be reduced, when m null hypotheses are to be considered, is to require that only k < m null hypotheses have to be rejected to get approval. In fact, this is a realistic requirement, since despite their guidelines the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has already approved applications for biosimilars where not all primary endpoints met the equivalence criteria. In this article, we investigate the properties of the test for the success of at least k out of m endpoints and discuss several multiplicity adjustments that might be useful in practice. We illustrate the impact of multiple hypotheses testing on the sample size using three real-world examples of pharmacokinetic studies that were submitted to the EMA for the approval of biosimilars. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Simultaneous Subgradient Algorithms for the Generalized Split Variational Inclusion Problem in Hilbert Spaces

ABSTRACT In this article, we study the generalized split variational inclusion problem. For this purpose, motivated by the projected Landweber algorithm for the split equality problem, we first present a simultaneous subgradient extragradient algorithm and give related convergence theorems for the proposed algorithm. Next, motivated by the alternating CQ-algorithm for the split equality problem, we propose another simultaneous subgradient extragradient algorithm to study the general split variational inclusion problem. As applications, we consider the split equality problem, split feasibility problem, split variational inclusion problem, and variational inclusion problem in Hilbert spaces.
Development of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) based Teaching Materials to Train Students’ Representation Ability

The purpose of this research is to produce teaching materials based on Contextual Teaching and learning (CTL) to train students' representational skills that are valid, practical, effective and to train students' representation skills at SMA Negeri 3 Martapura. The subjects of this study were students of class XI MIA 1 which amounted to 30 students. The method used in this research is the Plomp model development research which consists of three phases, namely preliminary research, prototype making phase (prototyping), and assessment phase (assessment phase). Data analysis techniques consist of analysis of the validity of teaching materials, analysis of practicality of teaching materials, analysis of the effectiveness of teaching materials and analysis of students' representational abilities. The data from the four analyzes were analyzed descriptively qualitatively by telling what was found during the research process. Data collection techniques used are walkthrough, questionnaire and post-test. From the results of research conducted by researchers stated that the teaching materials developed were included in the very valid category with a presentation of 86.6%, the effective category with an average value of 83.92, the practical category with a presentation of 83.42% and the results The post-test of students' representation abilities of class XI MIA 1 is very complete with an average of 89.8%.
OH measurements in the coastal atmosphere of South China: possible missing OH sinks in aged air masses

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the main atmospheric oxidant responsible for the removal of many reduced trace gases and the formation of secondary air pollutants. However, due to technical difficulties in measuring OH, the existing measurements of atmospheric OH concentrations are limited, and its sources and sinks are not well understood under low-nitrogen-oxide (NOx) conditions. In this study, we observed the OH concentrations using chemical ionization mass spectrometry at a coastal site in Hong Kong from October to November 2020. The average noontime OH concentration over the study period was measured at 4.9±2.1×106 cm−3. We found that a box model with comprehensive observational constraints reproduced the observed daytime OH concentrations when air parcels originated from the continental regions. However, this model overpredicted the observed daytime OH concentrations for coastal air parcels by 142 % on average. Unaccounted-for OH sinks in the model are proposed to be the cause of this overprediction. A missing OH reactivity, which is defined as the pseudo-first-order rate coefficient for OH loss by unmeasured trace gases, was estimated as 5.0±2.6 s−1 (lower limit) in the coastal air, and the missing reactivity increased with decreasing concentrations of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Further studies are needed to find out the exact cause of the model overestimation and to identify the suspected unmeasured chemical species that contribute to the OH budget, in order to better quantify the formation of secondary air pollutants.
Major solar energetic particle events of solar cycles 22 and 23: Intensities above the streaming limit

Large solar energetic particle (SEP) events constitute a serious radiation hazard to astronauts and spacecraft systems. It is essential to determine the highest particle intensities reached in SEP events, especially at the energies that pose serious risks to human health and spacecraft performance. It has been argued that the highest particle intensities measured during large SEP events occur in association with the passage of shocks driven by coronal mass ejections known as the energetic storm particle (ESP) component. Furthermore, it has been argued that the intensities measured early in the SEP events (known as the prompt component) are bounded by a maximum intensity plateau that results from wave‐particle interactions that restrict the free streaming of particles (also called the “streaming limit”). We analyze proton intensities measured by the GOES spacecraft at the energy channels P5 (∼39–82 MeV) and P7 (∼110–500 MeV) during solar cycles 22 and 23 and examine whether the highest intensities were measured during the prompt or the ESP components of the SEP events. We find three (one) SEP events in which the highest proton intensities measured during the prompt component at the energy channel P5 (P7) exceeded by a factor of 4 or more the previously determined “streaming limit”. Arguments to explain intensities during the prompt components exceeding this limit invoke interplanetary conditions that inhibit the amplification of waves resonating with the streaming particles and/or the presence of interplanetary structures able to confine and/or mirror energetic particles. We analyze these possibilities for each one of these events.
A solvability condition of general robust control problems

This paper is concerned with the robust well-posedness problem which is an extension of a general robust control problem. We derive a new solvability condition of the problem in the form of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition adding a rank condition. The condition is still nonconvex due to the existence of the rank condition. However, it can be checked approximately with the alternating projection method, and the approach might be more efficient than the existing methods from the viewpoint of computation.
CONCEPÇÕES DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL SOBRE ALIMENTAÇÃO E DIGESTÃO

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as concepcoes previas apresentadas por alunos do 2o ao 5o ano do Ensino Fundamental de seis escolas publicas de Santa Maria-RS, sobre alimento, digestao e alimentacao saudavel. O metodo utilizado para a pesquisa foi um questionario semi-estruturado, com quatro questoes abertas. Empregamos a tecnica da analise de conteudo, em que se buscou, primeiramente, a organizacao dos dados extraidos das respostas dos alunos, agrupando-os em categorias significativas, e estas foram reunidas em tres categorias, apenas na questao referente a alimentacao saudavel, classificamos em cinco categorias. Participaram da pesquisa um total de 585 alunos, com idade entre sete e 15 anos. Atraves dos dados obtidos, podemos perceber que, mesmo com o grau de informacao que se tem hoje, muitos alunos ainda possuem concepcoes previas sobre alimentos. Quanto a digestao, percebemos que os alunos sabem em que orgaos acontece o processo, mas nao sabem como ocorre, mesmo que muitos alunos ja tenham estudado esse conteudo, mas no que se refere a alimentacao saudavel, eles possuem concepcoes previas que foram somadas aos conhecimentos cientificos. A partir da execucao deste trabalho, verificamos que, portanto, o professor deveria valorizar os conhecimentos previos do aluno sobre alimentacao e digestao para, assim, inserir esse conteudo em sala de aula, obtendo um melhor processo de ensino e que os alunos consigam assimilar melhor o conteudo. Da mesma forma, constatamos a necessidade de uma maior discussao sobre o tema alimentacao e digestao no curriculo de ciencias, de forma a ajudar o professor a desenvolver novas atividades em sala de aula, e ainda colaborar significativamente com a mudanca de habitos alimentares dos alunos nos anos iniciais.
Serum Vitamin D Levels in Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) A Case-Control Study

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common heterogeneous multisystem endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, with an ovarian manifestation of various metabolic disturbances. Based on Rotterdam criteria, PCOS is further classified into four phenotypes. Vitamin D deficiency affects 65- 75% of PCOS patients. There is very little research on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and PCOS phenotypes. As a result, we intended to investigate the relationship between vitamin D, PCOS, and various PCOS phenotypes. This is a case-control study where we had been 100 people in the study. A total of 50 PCOS participants were classified into phenotype A, phenotype B, phenotype C, and phenotype D using Rotterdam criteria. There were 50 participants who did not have PCOS. Serum vitamin D levels were measured in the study population. The CIDRF (Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility) used an ELISA kit and reader to quantify vitamins. The results obtained were further classified as deficient (20ng/ml), insufficient (21-29ng/ml), and sufficient (30ng/ml). SPSS version 17 was used to analyse the results. The mean vitamin D level among women with PCOS was 15.9±9.3, women without PCOS was 20.5±9.2, the difference between the means was statistically significant(p-0.015). Among the participants with PCOS Phenotype A accounted for 36%, phenotype B 26%, phenotype C 20%, phenotype D 18%. The serum vitamin D levels among different phenotypes of PCOS was not statistically significant (p-0.978). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean vitamin D levels, among the phenotypes of PCOS (p - 0.978). Vitamin D deficiency was found to be more prevalent in women with PCOS in this study. In PCOS, it is recommended to screen for and treat with vitamin D. There is no significant difference between phenotypes.
Sparse Image Reconstruction in Computed Tomography

Iterative image reconstruction with sparsity-exploiting methods, such as total variation (TV) minimization, investigated in compressive sensing claim potentially large reductions in sampling requirements. Quantifying this claim for computed tomography (CT) is nontrivial, because both full sampling in the discrete-to-discrete imaging model and the reduction in sampling admitted by sparsity-exploiting methods are ill-defined. The present article proposes definitions of full sampling by introducing four sufficient-sampling conditions (SSCs). The SSCs are based on the condition number of the system matrix of a linear imaging model and address invertibility and stability. In the example application of breast CT, the SSCs are used as reference points of full sampling for quantifying the undersampling admitted by reconstruction through TV-minimization. In numerical simulations, factors affecting admissible undersampling are studied. Differences between few-view and few-detector bin reconstruction as well as a relation between object sparsity and admitted undersampling are quantified.
Splitting proximal with penalization schemes for additive convex hierarchical minimization problems

ABSTRACT We consider a splitting proximal algorithm with penalization for minimizing a finite sum of proper, convex and lower semicontinuous functions subject to the set of minimizers of another proper, convex and lower semicontinuous function. We show convergences of the generated sequence of iterates to an optimal solution of the considered convex hierarchical minimization problem. Some numerical experiments on the regularized least squares problems are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks

level of Co and a maximum of inverse TMR is expected when the Fermi level of LSMO is approximately at the maximum of the spin 2 DOS of Co. This is consistent with the maximum of inverse TMR observed at Ϫ0. 4 V for Co/STO/LSMO junctions (Fig. 3A). For a positive bias, the TMR is expected to change sign and become normal above 1 V when the Fermi level of LSMO goes down into the energy range of the majority spin d-band of Co. This is also observed in Fig. 3A. For ALO and ALO/STO barriers, a predominant tunneling of s-character electrons (see arrow in Fig. 2B) is the usual explanation of the positive polarization (6–8). The rapid drop with bias (Fig. 3B) is similar to what has been observed in most junctions with ALO barriers, and completely different from what is obtained when the tunneling is predominantly by d-character electrons (Fig. 3A). The origin of this rapid decrease of the TMR at relatively small bias has never been clearly explained. This is roughly consistent with the energy dependence of the DOS induced by sp-d bonding effects on the first atomic layer of ALO in the calculation of Nguyen-Mahn et al. (8) for the Co-ALO interface. But Zhang et al. (13) have also shown that a large part of the TMR drop can be attributed to the excitation of spin waves. The experiments reported here and in several recent publications (3, 4) demonstrate the important role of the electronic structure of the metal-oxide interface in determining the spin polarization of the tunneling electrons. The negative polarization for the Co-STO interface has been ascribed to d-d bonding effects between Al and Ti (4). This interpretation is similar to that proposed to explain, in terms of sp-d bonding , the positive polarization at the Co-ALO interface (8). However, there is no general theory predicting the trend of the experimental results for Co—that is, a negative polarization with oxides of d elements (STO, CLO, Ta 2 O 5) and a positive one when there are only s and p states (ALO). It is likely that the spin polarization should also depend on the position of the Fermi level with respect to the electronic levels of each character above and below the gap of the insulator. In addition, as an evanescent wave in an insulator is a Bloch wave with an imaginary wave vector, one …
Out-of-Cloud Convective Turbulence: Estimation Method and Impacts of Model Resolution

AbstractConvectively-induced turbulence (CIT) poses both a serious threat to aviation operations and also a challenge in forecasting applications. CIT generation and propagation processes occur on scales between 10-1000 m and therefore are best treated with high resolution cloud resolving models. However, high resolution model simulations are computationally expensive, limiting their operational use. In this study, summertime convection in the North Dakota region is simulated over a one-week period using a variety of model setups that are similar to those utilized in operational and research applications. Eddy dissipation rate (EDR) and Ellrod Index, both popular turbulence metrics, are evaluated across various model resolutions and compared to pilot reports from aircraft. The Ellrod Index was found to be extremely sensitive to model resolution and overestimated turbulence intensity. The variability of turbulence values with respect to model resolution and distance away from convection are also examined.
SAR target recognition via incremental nonnegative matrix factorization with L p sparse constraint

In this paper a novel incremental nonnegative matrix factorization (INMF) for SAR target recognition is proposed in order to overcome the defect that conventional methods have in online processing. When training samples increase, unlike conventional NMF-based methods computing both original and new samples to retrain a new model, INMF just computes the new samples to update the trained model incrementally, which can avoid repetitive learning original samples and reduce the computation cost. Meanwhile, the INMF with L p constraint is proposed by setting the updating process under L p sparse constraint for matrices decomposition. The proposed L p -INMF can solve the problem of the computational cost increasing along with the sample increasing which is common in traditional methods. Experiment results on MSTAR data verify that the recognition performance obtained by L p -INMF outperforms other traditional methods, and the recognition efficiency can be improved.