Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DISEASE Acute myocardial infarction: primary angioplasty

has evolved considerably over the past decades. Reported mortality rates have fallen as a result of a variety of factors, including earlier diagnosis and treatment of the acute event, improved management of complications such as recurrent ischaemia and heart failure, and general availability of pharmacological treatments such as aspirin, â blockers, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Most attention, however, has been focused on treatments that may restore antegrade coronary blood flow in the culprit artery of the patient with evolving acute myocardial infarction. The two methods to achieve this goal are thrombolytic treatment and immediate coronary angiography followed by primary angioplasty if appropriate.
Why Individual Investors Want Dividends

The question of why individual investors want dividends is investigated by submitting a questionnaire to a Dutch consumer panel.The respondents indicate that they want dividends, partly because the transaction costs of cashing in dividends are lower than the transaction costs involved in selling shares.The results are inconsistent with the uncertainty resolution theory of Gordon (1961, 1962) and the agency theories of Jensen (1986) and Easterbrook (1984). In contrast, a very strong confirmation is found for the signaling theories of Bhattacharya (1979) and Miller and Rock (1985). The behavioral finance theory of Shefrin and Statman (1984) is not confirmed for cash dividends but is confirmed for stock dividends.Finally, our results indicate that individual investors do not tend to consume a large part of their dividends.This raises some doubt on the effectiveness of the elimination of dividend taxes in order to stimulate the economy.
Comparative subgenomic mRNA pro�les of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 sub-lineages using Danish COVID-19 genomic surveillance data

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread worldwide in the population since it was �rst detected in late 2019. The transcription and replication of coronaviruses, although not fully understood, is characterised by the production of genomic length RNA and shorter subgenomic RNAs to make viral proteins and ultimately progeny virions. Observed levels of subgenomic RNAs differ between sub-lineages and open reading frames but their biological signi�cance is presently unclear. Using a large and diverse panel of virus sequencing data produced as part of the Danish COVID-19 routine surveillance together with information in electronic health registries, we assessed the association of subgenomic RNA levels with demographic and clinical variables of the infected individuals. Our �ndings suggest no causative relationships between levels of subgenomic RNAs and host-related factors. Differences between lineages and subgenomic ORFs may be related to differences in target cell tropism, early virus replication/transcription kinetics or sequence features.
MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, DIET AND BREEDING OF THE COMMON BABBlER IN SOUTHEASTERN IRAN

Field observation on ecology and breeding biology of Common Babbler were made around Zabol region from January to July 2008. In total 26 morphometric characteristics of 10 birds were measured with a 0.05 mm precision caliper and were compared based on univariate and multivariate analyses using SPSS and Past programs. Tail length, lacrymal breadth (LB) and height of ramus mandible (HRM) were significantly different between two sexes (p < 0.05). Of 9 gizzards Orthoptera, Coleoptera and Formicidae were present among 88%, 77% and 22% respectively. In Zabol area egg-laying period was between mid-March to late June. Nests were built on tamarisk, pomegranate and date trees. Nests were located at 152.2 cm (n = 6) above the ground. Average of outer and inner diameter of nests (n = 6) was 14.5 and 8.3 cm respectively, and height and depth of cup of nests (n = 2) were 8.5 and 7.6 cm respectively. The eggs were weighed as 2.81 g (n = 20) and egg diameter was determined as 22.53×16.77 mm (n = 20). Clutch size was 5.0 (n = 6) and hatching from early May to early June.
Quitting the Boss? The Role of Manager Influence Tactics and Employee Emotional Engagement in Voluntary Turnover

Employees commonly cite their managers’ behavior as the primary reason for quitting their jobs. We sought to extend turnover research by investigating whether two commonly used influence tactics by managers affect their employees’ voluntary turnover and whether employees’ emotional engagement and job satisfaction mediate this relationship. We tested our hypotheses using survey data collected at two time points from a sample of financial services directors and objective lagged turnover data. Using multilevel path modeling, we found that managers’ use of pressure and inspirational appeals had opposite effects on employee voluntary turnover and that employees’ emotional engagement was a significant and unique mediating mechanism even when job satisfaction, the traditional attitudinal predictor of turnover, was also included in the path model. Our findings contribute to turnover research by demonstrating a relationship between specific managerial behaviors and employee turnover and shed light on a key mediating mechanism that explains these effects.
Analysis of model error in forecast errors of Extended Atmospheric Lorenz' 05 Systems and the ECMWF system

The forecast error growth as a function of lead time of atmospheric phenomena is caused by initial and model errors. When studying the initial error growth, it turns out that small scale phenomena, which contribute little to the forecast product, significantly affect the ability to predict this. The question under investigation is whether omitting these atmospheric phenomena will improve the predictability of the resulting value. The topic is studied in the extended Lorenz (2005) system. 10 This system shows that omitting small spatiotemporal scales will reduce predictability more than modeling it. Generally, a system with model error (omitting phenomena) will not improve predictability. A theory explaining and describing this behavior is developed, with the difference between systems (model error) produced at each time step seen as the error of the initial conditions. The resulting model error is then defined as the sum of the increments of the time evolution of the initial conditions so defined. The theory is compared to the fit parameters that define the model error in certain approximations of 15 the average forecast error growth. Parameters are interpreted in this context, and the hypotheses are used to estimate the errors described in the theory. It is proposed how to distinguish increments to prediction error growth from small spatiotemporal-scales phenomena and model error. Results are presented for the error growth of the ECMWF system, where a 40% reduction in model error between 1987 and 2011 is calculated based on the developed theory, while over the same time, the instability of the system with respect to initial condition errors has grown.
Weyl-invariant Higher Curvature Gravity Theories in n Dimensions and Mass Generation by Symmetry Breaking

Weyl-invariant extensions of three-dimensional New Massive Gravity, generic n- dimensional Quadratic Curvature Gravity theories and three-dimensional Born-Infeld gravity theory are analyzed in details. As required by Weyl-invariance, the actions of these gauge theories do not contain any dimensionful parameter hence the local symmetry is spontaneously broken in (Anti) de Sitter vacua in analogy with the Stan- dard Model Higgs mechanism. In at vacuum, symmetry breaking mechanism is more complicated: The dimensionful parameters come from dimensional transmutation in the quantum eld theory; therefore, the conformal symmetry is radiatively broken (at two loop level in 3-dimensions and at one-loop level in 4-dimensions)a la Coleman- Weinberg mechanism. In the broken phases, save for New Massive Gravity, the the- ories generically propagate with a unitary (tachyon and ghost-free) massless tensor, massive (or massless) vector and massless scalar particles for the particular intervals of the dimensionless parameters. For New Massive Gravity, there is a massive Fierz- Pauli-type graviton. Finally, it is shown that n-dimensional Weyl-invariant Einstein- Gauss-Bonnet theory is the only unitary higher dimensional Weyl-invariant Quadratic Curvature Gravity theory.
In whom do we trust? Critical success factors impacting In whom do we trust? Critical success factors impacting intercultural communication in multicultural project teams intercultural communication in multicultural project teams

: Trust is a significant enabler for intercultural communication in project teams. Researchers and practitioners, therefore, need to know which factors might enhance trust in intercultural communication. Contributing to the yet limited number of studies in the field of intercultural communication for multicultural project teams, this research theoretically analyzes and empirically investigates the enablers of trust for intercultural communication focusing on emotional intelligence, empathy, interaction, and transparency. Using a field sample of 117 experienced project managers working in multicultural project teams, we find that interaction and transparency significantly and positively influence trust in intercultural communication; empathy marginally and positively influences trust. Emotional intelligence does not exert an effect on it. These results provide novel theoretical and empirical insights which have practical implications for project managers. The findings direct suggestions for additional theoretical work.
Revisiting gradability in American Sign Language (ASL)

This paper addresses gradability in American Sign Language (ASL). The literature has argued that languages may or may not introduce degree variables, i.e., there is cross-linguistic variation as to whether languages should be analyzed as degree-or degreeless. For ASL, the degree-based analysis has been assumed or explicitly proposed. For example, due to the visual nature of ASL (as a language that uses the physical signing space), it has been suggested that it may be able to readily represent scales iconically in the signing space. In contrast, we argue that ASL is a degreeless language, which further means that its modality does not necessarily readily translate into the iconic representation of scales in the signing space. Our discussion is based on a comprehensive examination of 31 adjectives across different constructions (e.g., different comparison strategies, questions targeting degrees, crisp judgments, etc.). We offer evidence from elicitation data from 6 consultants with different profiles.
Increasing ground temperatures at Abisko in Subarctic Sweden 1956-2006

Increasing ground temperatures have been documented all around the Arctic. Ground temperatures are sensitive climate indicators and play an important role in biological and physical processes that occur in soils. Increases in ground temperatures can lead to permafrost thawing which in turn can have profound effects on vegetation, hydrology and infrastructure. Also the greenhouse gas balance can be affected leading to a greater Global Warming Potential, thus representing a positive feedback to climate. Air temperatures and snow depth are the two most important factors controlling ground temperatures, and increases in both air temperatures and snow depth have been reported during the last decades from around the Arctic. The aim of this study is to investigate if ground temperatures at Abisko in northernmost Sweden are following the increasing trend detected at many sites in the Arctic, to attribute what causes the changes in ground temperatures and to discuss the potential consequences. Ground temperature data from two sites (one moraine and one peat, at depths of 0.2 m – 1 m) in the Abisko region was used in this study. The data set covers the period 1956-2006 and has not been analysed prior to this study. In order to explain the variance found in ground temperatures correlations with air temperatures and snow depth were done. This study shows a significant increase in ground temperatures of around 0.3°C per decade on an annual basis, and in all seasons except the summer. In summer, ground temperatures increased by around 0.1 °C per decade (when averaged over the two sites) however this trend was not statistically significant. The observed changes in ground temperatures could be correlated with air temperatures and snow depth, but these two parameters alone could not explain all the variance found in the ground temperatures.
Sirt1 Regulates Insulin Secretion by Repressing UCP2 in Pancreatic b Cells

Sir2 and insulin/IGF-1 are the major pathways that impinge upon aging in lower organisms. In Caenorhabditis elegans a possible genetic link between Sir2 and the insulin/IGF-1 pathway has been reported. Here we investigate such a link in mammals. We show that Sirt1 positively regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic b cells. Sirt1 represses the uncoupling protein (UCP) gene UCP2 by binding directly to the UCP2 promoter. In b cell lines in which Sirt1 is reduced by SiRNA, UCP2 levels are elevated and insulin secretion is blunted. The up-regulation of UCP2 is associated with a failure of cells to increase ATP levels after glucose stimulation. Knockdown of UCP2 restores the ability to secrete insulin in cells with reduced Sirt1, showing that UCP2 causes the defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Food deprivation induces UCP2 in mouse pancreas, which may occur via a reduction in NAD (a derivative of niacin) levels in the pancreas and down-regulation of Sirt1. Sirt1 knockout mice display constitutively high UCP2 expression. Our findings show that Sirt1 regulates UCP2 in b cells to affect insulin secretion.
Multivariate refinable Hermite interpolant

We introduce a general definition of refinable Hermite interpolants and investigate their general properties. We study also a notion of symmetry of these refinable interpolants. Results and ideas from the extensive theory of general refinement equations are applied to obtain results on refinable Hermite interpolants. The theory developed here is constructive and yields an easy-to-use construction method for multivariate refinable Hermite interpolants. Using this method, several new refinable Hermite interpolants with respect to dierent dilation matrices and symmetry groups are constructed and analyzed. Some of the Hermite interpolants constructed here are related to well-known spline interpolation schemes developed in the computer-aided geometric design community (e.g. the Powell-Sabin scheme.) We make
Tracking Fluid Movement During Cyclic Steam Stimulation of Clearwater Formation Oil Sands Using Stable Isotope Variations of Clay Minerals

In situ thermal recovery methods such as cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) are required to extract highly viscous bitumen from the Clearwater Formation oil sands of Alberta, Canada. The injection of hot fluids during CSS has altered the mineralogy of the sands, resulting in the loss of some minerals (e.g. disseminated siderite, volcanic glass) and precipitation of others (e.g. zeolites and abundant hydroxy-interlayered smectite). The high temperatures and high water—rock ratios associated with CSS might also alter the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of pre-existing clay minerals even in the absence of mineralogical changes. The present study exploits this fact to track the movement of injected hot fluids during CSS. Berthierine, a common diagenetic clay mineral in the Clearwater sands, survived CSS but acquired substantially lower δ18O and δ2H values in cores located ≤ 10 m from the injection well. In contrast, the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of berthierine in cores located further from the injection well were generally unaffected, except at the depth of steam injection where horizontal fractures facilitate greater lateral penetration of hot fluids. Smectitic clays in near-injector cores also acquired lower δ18O values during CSS, but a systematic shift in δ2H values was not observed. While hydrogen-isotope exchange undoubtedly occurred, the particular combination of temperature and H isotopic composition of the injected fluid used during CSS appears to have yielded post-steam δ2H values that are indistinguishable from pre-steam values. Only samples from near-injector core G-OB3 that contain hydroxy-interlayered smectite have lower δ2H values as a result of CSS.
Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Phenomenology of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations

Despite the recent proliferation of scientific, clinical, and narrative accounts of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), the phenomenology of voice hearing remains opaque and undertheorized. In this article, we outline an interdisciplinary approach to understanding hallucinatory experiences which seeks to demonstrate the value of the humanities and social sciences to advancing knowledge in clinical research and practice. We argue that an interdisciplinary approach to the phenomenology of AVH utilizes rigorous and context-appropriate methodologies to analyze a wider range of first-person accounts of AVH at 3 contextual levels: (1) cultural, social, and historical; (2) experiential; and (3) biographical. We go on to show that there are significant potential benefits for voice hearers, clinicians, and researchers. These include (1) informing the development and refinement of subtypes of hallucinations within and across diagnostic categories; (2) “front-loading” research in cognitive neuroscience; and (3) suggesting new possibilities for therapeutic inter-vention. In conclusion, we argue that an interdisciplinary approach to the phenomenology of AVH can nourish the ethical core of scientific enquiry by challenging its interpretive paradigms, and offer voice hearers richer, potentially more empowering ways to make sense of their experiences.
THE PROXIMAL END OF THE FEMUR: EXPLORING ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, IMPLICATIONS IN ORTHOPEDICS

Background: The femur has a proximal end, shaft, and distal end. The proximal end consists of the head, neck, and greater and lesser trochanter. The head of femur forms hip joint with cup-shaped acetabulum. The neck-shaft angle facilitates movement at the hip joint, enabling the limb to swing and provide lever for the action of the muscles. The aim of present study is to provide and add data of head of femur for proper size implant and prosthesis in arthroplasties of hip joint so that these surgeries are more successful and there will be less chance of complication. Such type of study is not done in Garhwal region. Materials and Methods: The following parameters of upper end of femur were measured – Vertical and transverse diameter of head, length and width of neck, distance between greater and lesser trochanter, neck shaft angle and surgical neck diameter. The mean and standard deviation were calculated. Result: The mean vertical diameter of head of femur is 40.89±4.26 mm and mean transverse diameter of head is 37.96±4.20 mm. The mean length and width of neck is 37.96±4.20 mm, 26.14±4.56 mm respectively. The mean neck shaft angles is129.03°±6.53. The p-value and correlation between the vertical diameter of right and left side of femoral head was statistically significant (r-0.42 &amp, p-value 0.01) and also width of right and left side of femur was also statistically significant (r-0.58 &amp, p-value 0.0007). Conclusion: The findings of present study showed that there is a racial and regional variation in parameters of upper end of femur. The present study also provides data for implant and prosthesis of head of femur for arthroplasties of hip joint.
Coronitic microstructures in patchy eclogitised continenta­l crust: the Lago della Vecchia pre-Alpine metagranite (Sesia-Lanzo Zone, Western Italian Alps)

The Lago della Vecchia pre-Alpine coronitic metagranite (Sesia-Lanzo Zone, Western Italian Alps, Valle del Cervo) preserves igneous textures and mineralogy despite the complete eclogitization recorded by surrounding deformed metagranites and country rocks. The coronitic cores are metre to few metres undeformed metagranites preserving igneous cm-sized K-feldspar and mm-sized biotite. Microscale analysis shows that igneous association is partly preserved: biotite, white mica and K-feldspar are only partly replaced by Alpine assemblages, while the original plagioclase is pseudomorphically overgrown by aggregates of albite + phengitic mica + Fe-epidote ± garnet. Metamorphic reactions are also localized at the interfaces biotite – plagioclase and white mica – plagioclase. A continuous garnet corona with a distinctive partitioning of Ca2+ and Fe2+ occurs between biotite and plagioclase, suggesting diffusive mass transfer during a prograde burial path. Microdomains have been described and analysed in terms of their geometry, mineral composition and chemistry patterns using optical microscopy, X-rays compositional maps, chemical analyses and image analysis in order to detail the microstructures and to reconstruct the relative chronology of the reactions within each microdomain. The results allow demonstration of the chemical exchanges that occurred between adjacent igneous microdomains: • Biotite microdomain at contact with plagioclase – two coronas are observed: 1) BtII + Phn-WmII + Alm-rich GrtI; 2) Phn-WmII + Grs-rich Grt coronas; • White mica microdomain with plagioclase: a single Phn-WmII + Grt + Ep + Ab corona develops; • K-feldspar microdomain with plagioclase: a single Ab + Phn-WmII ± Ep ± Grt corona develops; • Plagioclase core microdomain: Ab + Phn-WmII (fine-grained) + Ep ± Grt; • K-feldspar core microdomain: large igneous grains are partly to completely replaced by Ab from the plagioclase-Kfeldspar boundaries or along fractures. The absence of deformation seems to inhibit the complete development of eclogite-facies metamorphic parageneses, allowing the preservation of microstructures, mineral phases and chemistry. This information is commonly hidden by the widespread development of high pressure low temperature eclogite-facies assemblages within surrounded deformed volumes. Citation: 2011. Coronitic microstructures in patchy eclogitised continental crust: the Lago della Vecchia pre-Alpine metagranite (Sesia-Lanzo Zone, Western Italian Alps). In: (Eds.) M.A. Forster and J.D. Fitz Gerald, Journal of the Virtual Explorer, volume 38, paper 5, doi: 10.3809/jvirtex.2011. 00286 Journal of the Virtual Explorer, 2011 Volume 38
Metabolic and Vascular Imaging Biomarkers in Down Syndrome Metabolic and Vascular Imaging Biomarkers in Down Syndrome Provide Unique Insights Into Brain Aging and Alzheimer Disease Provide Unique Insights Into Brain Aging and Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis Pathogenesis

People with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for developing Alzheimer disease (AD). Neuropathology consistent with AD is present by 40 years of age and dementia may develop up to a decade later. In this review, we describe metabolic and vascular neuroimaging studies in DS that suggest these functional changes are a key feature of aging, linked to cognitive decline and AD in this vulnerable cohort. FDG-PET imaging in DS suggests systematic reductions in glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate and parietotemporal cortex. Magentic resonance spectroscopy studies show consistent decreases in neuronal health and increased myoinositol, suggesting inﬂammation. There are few vascular imaging studies in DS suggesting a gap in our knowledge. Future studies would beneﬁt from longitudinal measures and combining various imaging approaches to identify early signs of dementia in DS that may be amenable