Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the reflection functions associated with discontinuities in conical bores

The decomposition of reflections by finite tubes into successive elementary reflections by the input, discontinuities, and output of the tubes is interesting for its physical reasoning and for calculations using multiconvolution. In the case of tubes with conical bores, Martinez and Agullo [J. Martinez and J. Agullo, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 1613–1619 (1988)] have stated that in certain cases, the elementary reflection functions can be growing (causal) exponentials. Although such functions do not have Fourier transforms, Agullo et al. have assumed that they are inverse Fourier transforms of functions of frequency. It is shown that this assumption is erroneous. but by using a Laplace transform (i.e., by introducing losses through a complex frequency), we have also shown that for a general class of physically feasible systems, the decomposition into growing exponentials is valid.
Dynamic models of segregation

Some segregation results from the practices of organizations, some from specialized communication systems, some from correlation with a variable that is non‐random; and some results from the interplay of individual choices. This is an abstract study of the interactive dynamics of discriminatory individual choices. One model is a simulation in which individual members of two recognizable groups distribute themselves in neighborhoods defined by reference to their own locations. A second model is analytic and deals with compartmented space. A final section applies the analytics to ‘neighborhood tipping. ’ The systemic effects are found to be overwhelming: there is no simple correspondence of individual incentive to collective results. Exaggerated separation and patterning result from the dynamics of movement. Inferences about individual motives can usually not be drawn from aggregate patterns. Some unexpected phenomena, like density and vacancy, are generated. A general theory of ‘tipping’ begins to emerge.
Artificial Neural Networks for Real-Time Data Quality Assurance

Wireless Sensor Networks used in aquatic environments for continuous monitoring are typically subject to physical or environmental factors that create anomalies in collected data. A possible approach to identify and correct these anomalies, hence to improve the quality of data, is to use artificial neural networks, as done by the previously proposed ANNODE (Artificial Neural Network-based Outlier Detection) framework [1]. In this paper we propose ANNODE+, which extends the ANNODE framework by detecting missing data in addition to outliers. We also describe the design and implementation of ANNODE+, implemented in Python to exploit readily available machine learning (ML) tools and libraries, also allowing online processing of incoming measurements. To evaluate the ANNODE+ capabilities, we used a dataset from a sensor deployment in Seixal's bay, Portugal. This dataset includes measurements of water level, temperature and salinity. We observed that our implementation of ANNODE+ performed as intended, being able to detect injected anomalies and successfully correcting them.
A Simple, Fast and Accurate Method for Calculating Cutoff Wavelengths for the Dominant Mode in Elliptical Waveguide

In this paper, the transverse resonance technique is employed to calculate the cutoff wavelength of the dominant mode in elliptical waveguide for the first time. Numerical results are given and verified for various eccentricities. The impact of the number of step junctions for the approximation of the elliptical boundary line is discussed. Compared with other methods involving Mathieu functions, the technique is simple, fast, accurate and easy to understand. The method can also be applied to other guide structures and field modes with slight modifications.
Effect of Different Root Canal Drying Protocols on the Bond Strength of Two Bioceramic Sealers

Summary Objectives This study evaluated in vitro the effect of two different drying protocols on the dentin bond strength of two different bioceramic sealers (Sealer Plus BC [SP] and Bio C Sealer [BCS]). Bond strength and failure mode were evaluated according to the sealer, drying protocol, and root canal third. Materials and Methods Sixty extracted human mandibular single-rooted premolars were selected after anatomical standardization. The crowns were sectioned and root canals were prepared. Roots were randomly divided into four groups ( n = 15 each). Each group was assigned a combination of one of the evaluated sealers (SP or BCS) and one of the drying protocols: canals dried with paper points (PP) or irrigation with saline followed by aspiration with silicon cannulas (IA). Obturations were performed using a single-cone technique. The teeth were temporized and stored for 7 days (100% humidity, 37°C). Roots were cut to obtain 2 mm thick discs for each third (coronal, middle, and apical). Push-out tests were performed on a universal testing machine, and the bond strength (MPa) of each specimen was calculated by dividing the load (N) by the interface area. Failure type was assessed under ×4 magnification. Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed with a significance set at 5%. An analysis of variance test followed by the Games-Howell post-hoc test was used to compare the mean values between the groups and the interaction of the variables. Results The predominant failure type was cohesive, followed by mixed failure and adhesive in all groups. The apical third presented the highest bond strength ( p < 0.05) regardless of the group, followed by the middle and coronal thirds. Overall, the SP PP group had the highest mean bond strength ( p < 0.01), but the SP sealer was negatively affected by the IA drying protocol in the coronal and middle thirds. The BCS presented similar results within the third stage, regardless of the drying protocol. Conclusions Sealer Plus BC had a higher bond strength than Bio C Sealer, but it was negatively affected by the irrigation-aspiration protocol in the coronal and middle thirds. For the apical third, there was no difference between the groups; thus, a similar bond strength was observed regardless of the drying protocol or sealer.
Analysis of calibration-free wavelength-scanned wavelength modulation spectroscopy for practical gas sensing using tunable diode lasers

A novel strategy has been developed for analysis of wavelength-scanned, wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) with tunable diode lasers (TDLs). The method simulates WMS signals to compare with measurements to determine gas properties (e.g., temperature, pressure and concentration of the absorbing species). Injection-current-tuned TDLs have simultaneous wavelength and intensity variation, which severely complicates the Fourier expansion of the simulated WMS signal into harmonics of the modulation frequency (fm). The new method differs from previous WMS analysis strategies in two significant ways: (1) the measured laser intensity is used to simulate the transmitted laser intensity and (2) digital lock-in and low-pass filter software is used to expand both simulated and measured transmitted laser intensities into harmonics of the modulation frequency, WMS-nfm (n = 1, 2, 3,…), avoiding the need for an analytic model of intensity modulation or Fourier expansion of the simulated WMS harmonics. This analysis scheme is valid at any optical depth, modulation index, and at all values of scanned-laser wavelength. The method is demonstrated and validated with WMS of H2O dilute in air (1 atm, 296 K, near 1392 nm). WMS-nfm harmonics for n = 1 to 6 are extracted and the simulation and measurements are found in good agreement for the entire WMS lineshape. The use of 1f-normalization strategies to realize calibration-free wavelength-scanned WMS is also discussed.
Transmission electron microscope and transmission electron diffraction observations of alloy clustering in liquid-phase epitaxial (001) GaInAsP layers

Transmission electron microscope examinations performed on liquid‐phase epitaxial GaInAsP layers grown on (001) InP substrates showed a coarse tweed structure (∼150‐nm scale) and a fine granular structure (∼15‐nm scale). Transmission electron diffraction patterns revealed main spots with associated satellite spots, indicating the presence of periodic variations in lattice parameter along the [100] and [010] directions and of wavelength corresponding to the fine granular structure. The particular behavior depended on the alloy layer composition. Both structures are attributed to alloy clustering arising from spinodal decomposition.
Modular feedback logic for discrete event systems

We examine a modular approach to the synthesis of state feedback controls for the problem of maintaining a predicate on the state set of a discrete dynamic system invariant. Dynamical systems are modeled by automata together with a mechanism for enabling and disabling a subset of state transitions. The basic problem of interest is to ensure by appropriate control action that a given predicate on the state set of the process remains invariantly true whenever it is initially satisfied. Assuming the predicate can be decomposed into the conjunction or disjunction of component predicates, we determine conditions under which it is possible to synthesize the appropriate control in a modular fashion.
How do physicians from two generations communicate with each other?

Abstract There is no leadership without communication. This is especially paramount in hospitals to guarantee optimal processes and teamwork. But do physicians belonging to younger generations, the so-called Generation Y, need another approach to leadership and communication? And does the concept of generations stand up to scientific standards? This study is based on a literature review on leadership communication in healthcare across generations and hierarchies and in-depth interviews with physicians from Swiss hospitals on communication. The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed four main fields of communication patterns: 1. Increasing demand for information and transparent communication; 2. Low power distance versus high power distance; 3. Feedback; and 4. leadership communication. Younger generations, so-called Digital Natives or the Generation Y, have an increased need for transparent communication and involvement in the process of decision-making. More than previous generations and based on flatter hierarchies, Generation Y dares more to question its boss and his or her decisions and expect at the same time more feedbacks. New forms of leadership are needed to optimize communication between the generations and prepare young physicians for the increasing demands of more complex healthcare systems.
What can monitoring our bank account cash flows say about our loyalty cards?

ABSTRACT The present research postulates customers do not necessarily use loyalty cards to gain their rewards. Applying a logit regression on a sample of 1,500 households from the Understanding Society Innovation Panel, this investigation shows that insecure customers about their bank account cash flows are more likely to own a loyalty card. Checking their cash flows frequently acts as a framing effect; thus, Prospect theory will be explored here if it is relevant in the loyalty card context. Drawing from thirteen different loyalty cards and firms, this work verifies the aforementioned insight and whether loyalty card ownership is gender-sensitive.
The work of Benno Rosenberg

Abstract Benno Rosenberg's work has been little translated into English. Yet, his work on masochism is a landmark in France. He set himself the goal of deploying all the richness and implications of the second Freudian drive theory and the introduction of the death drive. He therefore returns to “the Economic Problem of Masochism” to give all its value to the drive fusion that it achieves internally and which is therefore for it “guardian of life”, even if it is can also be fatal. He draws consequences on the psychic construction of the ego, the superego and on that of temporality. He also describes a “work of melancholy” which is different from mourning. Thinking it necessary to push the consequences of the new theorizing further than Freud was able to do, he revisits “Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety” to articulate the triggering of anxiety by a libidinal demand and the threat to the unity of the ego who comes from the death drive due to conflict. Starting from the psychosomatic descriptions of Pierre Marty, whose options are specified, he also proposed a metapsychology of somatization during the overflow of the psyche by the destructiveness which will then threaten the body.
A baseline assessment of coastal pH variability in a temperate South African embayment: implications for biological ocean acidification research

Compared with the open ocean, knowledge of pH variability in coastal waters is rudimentary, especially in Africa. This is concerning as quantifying local pH conditions is critical when assessing the response of coastal species to future ocean acidification scenarios. The objective of this study was to capture some of the variability in pH at scales and sites relevant to coastal marine organisms in a South African temperate embayment (Algoa Bay, Indian Ocean). We used a sampling approach that captured spatial (at a resolution of ∼10 km), monthly and diel (24-hour) variability in pH and associated physical and biological parameters at offshore and shallow inshore sites in Algoa Bay. We found that pH and associated parameters (temperature, calculated pCO2, chlorophyll a) varied over space and time in Algoa Bay. The range in pH was 0.30 units at offshore sites and 0.46 at inshore sites, and the average pH was 8.10 (SD 0.06) and 8.10 (SD 0.13) at these sites, respectively, which is typical for coastal environments. Our results showed that both biological factors (at the offshore sites) and salinity (at the inshore sites) may influence temporal and spatial variability in pH. We also identified a shallow inshore site with high levels of macroalgal growth that had consistently higher average daytime pH levels (8.33 [SD 0.07]), which may serve as an ocean acidification refuge for coastal marine species. This is the first comprehensive pH-monitoring study to be implemented in a nearshore coastal area in Africa and provides recommendations for monitoring in other understudied regions.
Universality and size effects in the Barkhausen noise

We show that the Barkhausen avalanches exhibit power law distributions and scaling exponents belonging to two distinct universality classes. We explain these results in terms of the critical behavior of the domain wall at the depinning transition, with exponents set by the long-range dipolar interactions arising from local magnetostatic fields, and by the elastic curvature of the wall. We are also able to predict the precise dependence of the cutoff on the demagnetizing factor k due to sample size. These predictions are experimentally confirmed on three samples (two polycrystalline 6.5 wt % Si–Fe and an amorphous Fe21Co64B15 under applied tensile stress) which are progressively cut in order to increase k. All these results allow us to link the material microstructure and the sample geometry to the macroscopic noise properties.
Editorial – Operational, epistemic and ethical value chaining of hydrological data to knowledge and services: a watershed moment

International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Wallingford, UK; Institut Agro, INRAE, UMR SAS, Rennes, France; US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA; Previously WMO, Commission for Hydrology, Geneva, Switzerland; WMO, Geneva, Switzerland; Previously International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Previously UNESCO, World Water Assessment Programme, Perugia, Italy; UNESCO, Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme, Paris, France; International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Wallingford, UK; Hydrology Research, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norrköping, Sweden
Filamentary structure of a three‐dimensional plasmoid

We have examined the changes of the magnetic field topology and the field line connections of a simple explicit magnetic field model of a plasmoid in different stages from its formation to its complete disconnection from the Earth. Particular emphasis was on the effects of a net cross-tail magnetic field component that breaks the symmetry around the neutral sheet. We find, consistent with the qualitative conclusions of Hughes and Sibeck (1987), that the initial stage of the plasmoid formation is characterized by the formation of helical field lines which cross the neutral sheet typically more than once, but are still connected with the Earth, so that no topology change occurs. In that case a nontopological notion of reconnection is required (Schindler et al., 1988). When reconnection proceeds to lobe field lines, the central plasmoid flux rope becomes enveloped by a sheath of open field lines that pull the plasmoid flux rope back toward the tail. The period of gradual separation of the plasmoid is characterized by a conversion through magnetic reconnection, of helical field lines connected with the Earth to open ones going tailward into interplanetary space. The detailed tracing of magnetic field lines reveals that the structure of the plasmoid region is more complicated than was earlier envisioned. We find that plasmoid field lines no longer form a separate class of field lines as in the symmetric case. During the stage of gradual separation from the Earth the plasmoid is characterized by the central flux rope connected with the Earth which is wrapped by strands of open, partially open, and closed field lines in a filamentary way forming a layer of intermingled flux tubes of different types inside the earlier mentioned sheath of open field lines. For decreasing values of |By| the field connection varies on smaller and smaller scales such that the connection becomes stochastic. This process can possibly cause or increase dissipation.
Impact of treatment adherence on efficacy of dolutegravir plus lamivudine and dolutegravir plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine: pooled analysis of the GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2 clinical studies

Abstract Background: GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2 (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02831673 and NCT02831764, respectively) are double-blind, multicenter, phase III studies that demonstrated the non-inferiority of once-daily dolutegravir + lamivudine to dolutegravir + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in achieving HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at 48, 96, and 144 weeks in treatment-naive adults with HIV-1 infection. Objective: We present a post hoc analysis of the impact of treatment adherence on Week 48 virologic response. Methods: Adherence was estimated using pill counts and categorized as ≥90% vs <90%. Unadjusted treatment differences with exact 95% CIs were derived for the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL within each adherence category, using Snapshot algorithm and last available on-treatment viral load through Week 48. Results: In each treatment group, 5% of participants had <90% adherence (dolutegravir + lamivudine group, 35/716; dolutegravir + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine group, 34/717). The proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL (Snapshot) at Week 48 in the <90% adherence group was 69% in the dolutegravir + lamivudine group and 65% in the dolutegravir + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine group (analysis by last on-treatment viral load: 91% and 85%, respectively). Corresponding proportions in the ≥90% adherence group were 93% and 96% (analysis by last on-treatment viral load: 97% and 99%, respectively). Conclusions: Decreased adherence resulted in lower Week 48 virologic efficacy outcomes that were comparable between treatment groups. These results indicate that the robust antiviral activity and regimen forgiveness of dolutegravir + lamivudine is similar to dolutegravir-containing 3-drug regimens (see graphical abstract). Graphical Abstract
Mixed-Integer Programming vs. Constraint Programming for Shop Scheduling Problems: New Results and Outlook

Constraint programming (CP) has been recently in the spotlight after new CP-based procedures have been incorporated into state-of-the-art solvers, most notably the CP Optimizer from IBM. Classical CP solvers were only capable of guaranteeing the optimality of a solution, but they could not provide bounds for the integer feasible solutions found if interrupted prematurely due to, say, time limits. New versions, however, provide bounds and optimality guarantees, effectively making CP a viable alternative to more traditional mixed-integer programming (MIP) models and solvers. We capitalize on these developments and conduct a computational evaluation of MIP and CP models on 12 select scheduling problems. 1 We carefully chose these 12 problems to represent a wide variety of scheduling problems that occur in different service and manufacturing settings. We also consider basic and well-studied simplified problems. These scheduling settings range from pure sequencing (e.g., flow shop and open shop) or joint assignment-sequencing (e.g., distributed flow shop and hybrid flow shop) to pure assignment (i.e., parallel machine) scheduling problems. We present MIP and CP models for each variant of these problems and evaluate their performance over 17 relevant and standard benchmarks that we identified in the literature. The computational campaign encompasses almost 6,623 experiments and evaluates the MIP and CP models along five dimensions of problem characteristics, objective function, decision variables, input parameters, and quality of bounds. We establish the areas in which each one of these models performs well and recognize their conceivable reasons. The obtained results indicate that CP sets new limits concerning the maximum problem size that can be solved using off-the-shelf exact techniques. History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods & Analysis. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.1287 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0326 ) at ( http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7541223 ).
Social Disclosure and Governance Among Malaysian Corporations

The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibilities (CSR) disclosure among Malaysian leading corporations on Bursa Malaysia. The research is carried out due to the relatively low awareness and inconsistency with respect to the CSR disclosure particularly in Malaysia. The study uses the annual reports and data stream to collect the data of 50 Malaysian top corporations on Bursa Malaysia in 2015. The multivariate analysis suggests that the audit committee expertise and the foreign shareholding have significant relationships with CSR disclosure in Malaysia. In this sense, having a clear understanding on the corporate governance characteristics is perceived as able to increase the disclosure of CSR information to the respected stakeholders. The study therefore contributes to the theories, literature and practice. In this perspective, the study highlights the importance of having a sound corporate governance structure in enhancing CSR information disclosure. In overall, the results of the study can be regarded as valuable to the corporate players, corporations, relevant statutory authorities as well as other related parties.