Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced dimensionality in drift-diffusion models of back-contact solar cells and scanning photocurrent microscopy

Solar cells are three-dimensional objects frequently modeled as being one-dimensional for convenience. However, for more complex designs of solar cells or if the cells are only illuminated at one point, one-dimensional modeling is insufficient. Here, some conditions for reducing the complexity of multidimensional drift-diffusion simulations are investigated in realistic situations for a back-contact perovskite solar cell. The analysis investigates under what situations we may neglect vertical carrier density variation and approximate extraction currents to be linearly dependent on the vertically averaged carrier concentration. Analytic expressions for the linear relationship in both the low and high extraction velocity regimes are demonstrated, and the conditions where these approximations break down are investigated. It is shown that recombination is usually accurately modeled using only vertically averaged carrier concentrations when the distance between electrodes is many times the height and when less.
The deteriorating work-related well-being among statutory social workers in a rigorous economic context

This article examines the connection between economic pressures and impaired well-being at work experienced by Finnish statutory social workers. The survey data were collected during the years 2011–2012. The respondents (N = 817) were social workers in statutory social services. The overall response rate was 46.5 and nearly 60% of all Finnish municipalities participated in the study. This study affirms the worrying state of the well-being at work of statutory social workers. Up to 43% of the respondents reported worsening of their work-related well-being during the past two years. On average, they had experienced impaired work-related well-being at least once a month. Nearly 18% reported experiencing this at least a few times a week or even daily. According to the respondents, economic pressures had increased while the opportunities to practice ethically responsible social work had decreased. Increasing demands for efficiency predicted not only impaired work-related well-being directly, but also through decreasing opportunities to do ethically responsible social work. The role of the budget constraints in predicting impaired well-being became meaningful when these constraints were connected to decreasing opportunities to do ethically responsible social work.
Consumer preference and demand for traceable food attributes

The purpose of this paper with pork as a case is to analyze Chinese consumer preference and demand for traceable food attributes, in order to provide a useful reference for Chinese Government in developing the safe food market and preventing food safety risks. ,This research surveyed 1,380 consumers in seven pilot cities that designated by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce for the construction of a meat and vegetable circulation traceability system. A choice-based conjoint analysis and multinomial logit model were used to study consumer preferences and demand for traceable pork attributes. ,The results demonstrated that certification of traceable information was the most important characteristic, followed by appearance and traceable information. Significant heterogeneity was obtained in consumer preferences for the attributes of traceable pork. Also, consumers’ preferences for traceable attributes were memorably influenced by age, education level, and income level. ,Based on these results, the government should encourage and support the production of traceable food with different certification types and different traceability levels. Meanwhile, the development of food traceability systems should be combined with a quality certification labeling system. ,This study extends the applicability of the setting of traceable food attributes and levels in China, and it will improve Chinese food traceability systems through multilateral cooperation.
Genetic parameters in 6-month breeding systems.

INTRODUCTION Genetic improvement of reproductive efficiency has been attempted by many. Results of these attempts have been variable, mainly due to the low heritabilities of reproductive traits. Matos et al. (1997) reported an adjusted heritability of 0.17 for fertility in Finnsheep. Lee et al. (2000) reported a heritability of 0.06 for number of lambs born. Composite breeds may provide increased genetic variance in low heritability traits (Smith et al., 1979). Genetic parameters are necessary for construction of selection indexes and for understanding of the complex associations among important traits. Objectives of this study were to obtain estimates of overall and within breed heritabilities, overall and within breed genetic correlations and their standard errors. Further, conception rate for dry and lactating ewes may be viewed as two separate traits. Hence, the genetic correlation between conception rates in dry and lactating ewes was obtained.
Functional genomics of Deg and GCP proteases in photosynthetic organisms

Deg proteases fulfill diverse physiological functions in most organisms, including essential roles in stress signaling and responses. Among all organisms, plants contain the highest number of Deg proteases that localize to different subcellular compartments and participate in stress defenses against high intensity light. Here we present a first characterization of the Deg9 protease in A. thaliana. We demonstrate that recombinant Deg9 assembles into hexamers depending on the presence of the PDZ domain. Using green fluorescence protein fusion constructs, we show that Deg9 is localized in the nucleolus. Characterization of A. thaliana T-DNA insertion mutants demonstrated no obvious mutant phenotype. We conclude that Deg9 is the first protease identified in the plant nucleolus, where it likely performs a plant specific function. Deg and GCP proteases in photosynthetic organisms
Empowering behaviour and leader fairness and integrity: Studying perceptions of ethical leader behaviour from a levels-of-analysis perspective

Ethical leadership is seen as important by many researchers and practitioners. However, empirical research on ethical leader behaviour is limited and to date multilevel research is hardly found in this area. This study examines the relationships of two forms of perceived ethical leader behaviour (fairness and integrity and empowering behaviour) with subordinates' trust and commitment from a levels-of-analysis perspective, using within and between analysis (WABA). In total, 503 employees in 79 work groups rated their leader's fairness and integrity and empowering behaviour. Trust in management and co-workers, and subordinates' affective, continuance, and normative organizational commitment were also measured. As expected, perceived ethical leader behaviour was positively related to trust as well as affective and normative commitment and negatively to continuance commitment. Perceived empowering behaviour was more strongly related to affective commitment than perceived fairness and integrity. Perceptions of empowering behaviour in relation to trust and commitment vary both within and between groups. This suggests an individual differences perspective in which subordinates' views of empowering behaviour develop independently. Fairness and integrity shows several between-groups effects with limited within-group variation, suggesting that people within groups tend to share perceptions of leader's fairness and integrity.
Effect of the nitrogen fertilizer forms and time of their application on the yield of herb and essential oil of Ocimum americanum L.

the effect of various forms of nitrogen fertilizer and dates of application on Ocimum amercianum yield and essential oil (ton/feddan, 1 feddan = 4200 m2) was studied in two successive seasons. in both seasons the total yields of fresh and dry herb after the application of ammonium sulfate surpassed that of ammonium nitrate and urea. dividing the full amount of fertilizer into two equal portions gave the highest yields in most cuts. Nitrogen fertilizers affected the percentage of essential oil in most cuts. the highest oil percentage was obtained after the application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate in both cuts in the first season, respectively, and urea in the second season. Early addition of the full amount of fertilizer was more effective in increasing oil percentage as compared to other two dates of application. Ammonium sulfate in the first season and urea in the second one produced the highest total oil yields either per plant or per feddan. One application of the full amount of ammonium nitrate at the early date produced the highest total percentage of monoterpenic compounds as compared to ammonium sulfate and urea. One application the full amount of nitrogen fertilizer at the early date was superior to other treatments. the opposite was true for sesquiterpenes. Oxygenated compounds showed the same trend of monoterpenic compounds. thus, the application of ammonium sulfate at the rate of 60 kg N/fed/season at two equal portions in each cut could be recommended for maximizing herb, leaves and oil yields of Ocimum amercianum, L. var. pilosum plants.
PRODUÇÃO E DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE FITOMASSA DE PLANTAS INVERNAIS DE COBERTURA DE SOLO E MILHO, SOB DIFERENTES MANEJOS DA ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA WINTER COVER CROPS AND CORN BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND DECOMPOSITION, UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN FERTILIZATION MANAGEMENTS

Mestrando do Programa de Pos-graduacao em Agronomia, UFSM.RESUMOA qualidade do residuo vegetal e a disponibilidadede nitrogenio (N) mineral sao fatores que afetam adecomposicao de residuos vegetais. O presente trabalho teve porobjetivo avaliar a producao de materia seca, o acumulo denitrogenio de tres plantas para cobertura de solo no inverno e ainfluencia de diferentes epocas de aplicacao da adubacaonitrogenada na cultura do milho sobre a decomposicao doresiduo vegetal mantido na superficie. O experimento foidesenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS), nosanos agricolas de 1996/97 e 1997/98, em solo ARGISSOLOVERMELHO Distrofico arenico (Hapludalf), sendo que aavaliacao da taxa de decomposicao do residuo superficial foifeita somente no ano agricola de 1997/98. O delineamentoexperimental foi de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas etres repeticoes. Nas parcelas principais (25 x 5m), durante oinverno foram utilizadas tres coberturas de solo: aveia preta(Avena strigosa Schieb), aveia+ervilhaca ( Vicia sativa L.) e naboforrageiro (Raphanus sativus). Nas subparcelas (5 x 5m),diferentes epocas de aplicacao de N no milho: (i)00-00-00,(ii)00-30-90, (iii)30-30-60, (iv)60-30-30 e (v)90-30-00, quecorresponde a quantidade de N em kg ha
NITROGEN FIXATION BY CYANOBACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH MOSS COMMUNITIES IN SCHIRMACHER OASIS, ANTARCTICA

N 2 -fixation by cyanobacteria growing in association with moss communities from Schirmacher Oasis (lat. 70°45' S; long 11°45' E), Antarctica, was investigated. Moss samples were collected from four sites differing in moisture regime: close to a lake (A), near a meltwater stream (B), a hilltop (C), and a nunatak (D). Cyanobacteria species diversity and density were variable in these sites. The maximum number of species were observed at site B, the minimum, at site D. Jaccard coefficient analysis showed that none of the sites exhibited more than 55% similarity. Acetylene reduction was highest in samples at site D, where the relative proportion of N 2 -fixing species was highest, and lowest at site B, which exhibited the lowest proportion of N 2 -fixing species. The observed acetylene reduction was not due to heterotrophic N 2 -fixing microbes. Results suggest that N 2 -fixation is primarily performed by diazotrophic cyanobacteria, and rates are variable depending upon cyanobacteria species diversity and density. Soil properties below the moss community were modified in comparison to soil where cyanobacteria growth was absent.
Assessment of efficacy of IV ω-3 PUFA supplementation in patients of predicted severe acute pancreatitis using the positive predictive value of Balthazar score within 48 hours of onset

Introduction: Since 50% of the mortalities in acute pancreatitis (AP) occur within the first week, early prediction f its outcomes is vital. The CT severity index (CTSI) rel iably predicts outcomes when calculated 4-7 days af ter onset. However, a therapeutic window for early aggressive int rvention is lost. The Balthazar score can be ca lcul ted within 48 hours of onset, thus being a diagnostic as well as a prognostic investigation. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( ω-3 PUFA) have a beneficial immunomodulatory effect and improve outcomes in AP. Materials and Methods: 80 patients of clinically predicted severe acute pancreatitis w ere included. Treatment group received IV ω-3 PUFA supplementation. Balthazar scores were calculated for all patients w i hin 48 hours of onset. Positive predictive value (PPV) for progression to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was calculated f rom the control group. The number of patients predi ct to progress to SAP was compared those actually progressing to SAP in the ω-3 PUFA group. Results: PPV for Balthazar score of D and above for predicting progression to SAP was 87. 5% in the control group. 35 (87.5%) patients were p dicted to progress to SAP in the ω-3 PUFA group, but only 28 (70%) patients progresse d to SAP (p=0.0315). Conclusion: Balthazar grade of D and above on a CT scan done wi thin 48 hours of onset of acute pancreatitis can ac curately predict the progression of clinically suspected severe acut e pancreatitis to severe acute pancreatitis. IV ω-3 PUFA supplementation early in the course of acute pancre titis significantly improves early clinical outcom es.
Assessment of microfungi in fungus gardens free of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The purpose of this study was to determine the microfungi present in young nests of Atta sexdens rubropilosa when the fungus gardens were deprived of worker ants. The results were compared with another study in which worker ants had been killed by using toxic baits, and some species such as Acremonium kiliense, Escovopsis weberi, Moniliella suaueolens and Trichoderma sp. were confirmed among the most common inhabitants of this microenvironment, but differences in composition and proportion of species were observed. The importance and the role of these and other species of fungi within the symbiosis are discussed.
The Mongolian gerbil as a model for human listeriosis

The developing fetus is differentially susceptible to chemicals and pathogens depending on the stage of development. It is therefore essential for developmental studies to expose embryos/fetuses at the same stage during gestation. This is accomplished through the use of timed-pregnant animals, but though many such animals are readily available from animal suppliers, timed-pregnant Mongolian gerbils cannot currently be purchased. Because no method for breeding virgin female gerbils in a timed fashion has been described in the literature, we developed a novel method. Early breeding attempts consisted of pairing of one female with one male for one day, but only 14% of animals became pregnant using this method. Further efforts were made to increase mating success. Gerbils were housed individually in separate rooms according to sex to prevent the influence of male pheromones on the estrus cycle. Male gerbils remained on the same bedding for a minimum of 10 days to allow for accumulation of their pheromones within the cage, while females were given a minimum of 7 days to acclimate to their new surroundings. Cage tops modified with a metal partition dividing the cage into two equal areas were used in preparation for breeding. Three days prior to breeding, a female was placed into the male cage with the partition lowered between the pair, allowing the gerbils to occupy the same cage but with complete physical separation. After three days, the partition was removed and the gerbils were allowed to interact. To determine sexual receptivity, the female was monitored for lordosis one hour after lights-out. Ten of 15 females (67%) performed lordosis, and 9 of these (90%) became pregnant. When lordosis was not observed, none of the females became pregnant. These results represent a significant increase in mating success over the previous method (p < 0.05) and indicate lordosis as a reliable predictor of sexual receptivity and subsequent successful mating in the Mongolian gerbil. This method has allowed us to obtain
The ‘efficacy dilemma’ of transnational climate activism: the case of COP21

ABSTRACT The transnational climate movement mobilized massively around the 2015 Paris Climate Summit (COP21) – despite a growing consensus within the movement that the UN was unable to solve the climate crisis. Extensive ethnographic fieldwork is the basis for exploration of the profound effect this consensus had on the movement around and beyond COP21. Firstly, it facilitated a historic degree of unification within a previously divided movement, around a desire to focus less on influencing official negotiations, although the degree to which negotiations should be ignored, and what actions should focus on instead, created new cleavages. Secondly, organizers experienced that mobilizing around a summit whilst trying to ignore it is problematic, thus limiting strategic options and presenting an ‘efficacy dilemma’. This, finally, limited the movement’s success, and fueled desires for a transnational climate movement beyond COPs. Whether those desires can be realized without the organizational benefits of summit mobilizations remains unanswered.
Accounting, Governance and the Crisis: Is Risk the Missing Link?

The period 2007–2010 marked one of the most severe economic and financial crises in living memory. In this paper, we focus on two of accounting's key functions within organisations and markets, financial reporting and governance. In this respect, we find that accounting exhibited shortcomings in its structural foundation and in its application. Salient is its failure to account for uncertainty and to adequately capture, measure and disclose the impact of risk-taking on the financial statements, thus undermining their reliability and, potentially, their relevance as indicators of economic performance. Consequently, boards were provided with misleading numbers, and compensation was based on paper profits that did not materialise. As such, accounting carried undesirable elements that interacted with other malicious market characteristics such as excessive risk-taking by bankers, and failure in regulatory and market oversight, thus potentially contributing to deteriorating economic conditions. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research in this area. Guns don't kill people, but they sure help. (Exchange between Clive Owen and Paul Giamatti, Shoot 'Em Up, 2007)
Antimicrobial effect of essential oil isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. from Montenegro.

Damjanovic-VratnicaB. ,�ĐakovT. ,�Sukovic �D. ,�Damjanovic � J.�(2011):�Antimicrobial effect of essen - tial oil isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. from Montenegro . �CzechJ. �FoodSci. ,�29:�277-284. Chemicalcompositionoftheessentialoilof Eucalyptus globulusLabill. , �growninMontenegro, �wasanalysedbygas� chromatography-massspectrometryanditsantimicrobialactivitywasevaluatedagainst �17�microorganisms, �including� foodpoisoningandspoilagebacteriaandhumanpathogens.The Eucalyptusessentialoilyieldwas �1.8%�(w/w) �onthe� freshweightbasis, �whereastheanalysisresultedintheidentificationofatotalof�11�constituents, �1.8�cineole �(85.8%),� α-pinene � (7.2%),� and� β-myrcene � (1.5%)� beingthemaincomponents. � Othercompoundsidentifiedintheoilwere� � β-pinene, �limonene, �α-phellandrene, �γ-terpinene,�linalool, �pinocarveol, �terpinen-4-ol, �and�α-terpineol. �Theresultsof� theantimicrobialactivitytestsrevealedthattheessentialoilofE. globulushasratherastrongantimicrobialactivity,� especiallyagainstStreptococcus pyogenes ,�Escherichia coli ,� Candida albicans ,�Staphylococcus aureus ,� acinetobacter baumannii ,�andklebsiella pneumoniae . �MinimuminhibitoryconcentrationrevealedthelowestactivityagainstPseu- domonas aeruginosaandSalmonela infantis �(3.13�mg/ml) �whilethehighestactivitywasagainstS. aureus, E. coli ,�and� S. pyogenes (0.09�mg/ml).
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF STOCK MARKET EFFICIENCY: DOES ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY MATTER?

Many empirical works study the efficient market hypothesis by examining the relationship between the macroeconomic factors and the stock markets, however, there are scant studies focused on the economic uncertainty in a precise method by studying the stock market efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to propose the conceptual framework of stock market efficiency in economic uncertainty. The economic uncertainty, can be categorized into exchange rate uncertainty, monetary policy uncertainty (namely, interest rate uncertainty, money supply uncertainty), inflation uncertainty, and output uncertainty, and is associated with the stock market efficiency. The expected findings suggest that economic uncertainty contains useful information and is important in determining the stock market efficiency and could promote a better efficiency in stock market. shows that stock prices, the the that stock
Personal development planning and ePortfolios in speech pathology: Staff and student perceptions

This paper describes the evaluation of the use of an ePortfolio which was embedded across a speech pathology program and designed to enhance employability. Personal development planning (PDP) is a key part of employability and includes learning, reflection, goal setting and understanding the wider context. Students’ perceptions of their engagement in this process were evaluated using a mixed methods approach. Qualitative data was collected through student focus groups and individual staff interviews, while quantitative data was collected via a student questionnaire (reported in Lewis & Strampel, 2014). Qualitative data was analysed using NVivo following the six phases of thematic analysis described by Braun and Clarke (2006). This paper reports the themes which emerged from the focus group data. A key finding of the study was that the platform used was not ideal for the ePortfolio purpose causing frustration and negative reactions from students and colouring their engagement with, and enthusiasm for, the ePortfolio activities. Students achieved some of the objectives of personal development planning, especially goal-setting, but it was not until students were in their final year that they saw the links with their future career and employment. Further embedding of key tasks would enhance employability aspects, including for example involving industry from the first year and modelling the PDP process with students.
Implications of Economic Shocks for CEO Performance Evaluation†

Abstract I study the implications of economic shocks for objective and subjective CEO performance evaluation. A shock perturbs pay-setting parties' information about the firm and the CEO. I argue that pay-setting parties then lack information they need for evaluating the CEO objectively, and de-emphasize objective CEO performance evaluation in favor of subjective CEO performance evaluation; over time, pay-setting parties become better informed about the firm as well as the CEO, and increasingly use again objective CEO performance evaluation. My evidence, which uses data on objective and subjective CEO performance evaluation in US executive pay between 1992 and 2013, is consistent with my argument.