Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of organic fertilization on phosphorus availability and crop growth: Evidence from a 7-year fertilization experiment

ABSTRACT Organic fertilization, a critical agronomic practice for improving nutrient availability and crop growth, may increase the risk of phosphorus (P) loss. To investigate the effect of organic fertilization on P availability, crop growth and P loss, a paddy field experiment was conducted in the saline-alkaline paddy soil. We designed four treatments: CK (no fertilizer), NPK (mineral fertilizer), and NPKC1 and NPKC2 (mineral fertilizer with low and high levels of organic fertilizer, respectively); the amounts of N, P2O5, and K2O were equal in the NPK, NPKC1, and NPKC2 treatments. Compared with the NPK treatment, organic fertilization enhanced the content of total, organic, and available P in the topsoil. Moreover, organic fertilization significantly improved both the growth and P removal of crops. The content of oxalate Fe, Al, and dissolved organic carbon, the main carriers of P loss, in the soil was the highest in the NPKC2 treatment. The soil P saturation ratio (PSR) in the NPKC2 treatment was 0.25, exceeding the threshold PSR for P loss of 0.16. Therefore, organic fertilizer application could improve P availability and crop growth; however, high-level organic fertilization increases the risk of P loss in coastal saline-alkaline paddy soils.
Perturbative matching of staggered four-fermion operators with hypercubic fat links

We calculate the one-loop matching coefficients between continuum and lattice four-fermion operators for lattice operators constructed using staggered fermions and improved by the use of fattened links. In particular, we consider hypercubic fat links and $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ projected fat-7 links, and their mean-field improved versions. We calculate only current-current diagrams, so that our results apply for operators whose flavor structure does not allow ``eye diagrams. '' We present general formulas, based on two independent approaches, and give numerical results for the cases in which the operators have the taste (staggered flavor) of the pseudo Goldstone pion. We find that the one-loop corrections are reduced down to the 10\char21{}20 % level, resolving the problem of large perturbative corrections for staggered fermion calculations of matrix elements.
Coefficient of Friction and Height Loss: Two Criteria Used to Determine the Mechanical Property and Stability of Regenerated Versus Natural Articular Cartilage

Background: The coefficient of friction (CoF) serves as an indicator for the mechanical properties of natural and regenerated articular cartilage (AC). After tribological exposure, a height loss (HL) of the cartilage pair specimens can be measured. Our aim was to determine the CoF and HL of regenerated AC tissue and compare them with those of natural AC from non-operated joints and AC from joints where the regenerated tissues had been created after different treatments. Methods: In partial-thickness defects of the trochleae of the stifle joints of 60 Göttingen Minipigs, regenerated AC was created. In total, 40 animals received a Col I matrix, 20 laden with autologous chondrocytes, and 20 without. The defects of 20 animals were left empty. The healing periods were 24 and 48 weeks. A total of 10 not-operated animals, delivered the “external” control specimens. Osteochondral pins were harvested from defect and non-defect areas, the latter serving as “internal” controls. Using a pin-on-plate tribometer, we measured the CoF and the HL. Results: The CoF of the regenerated AC ranged from 0.039 to 0.069, and the HL, from 0.22 mm to 0.33 mm. The differences between the regenerated AC of the six groups and the “external” controls were significant. The comparison with the “internal” controls revealed four significant differences for the CoF and one for the HL in the operated groups. No differences were seen within the operated groups. Conclusions: The mechanical quality of the regenerated AC tissue showed inferior behavior with regard to the CoF and HL in comparison with natural AC. The comparison of regenerated AC tissue with AC from untreated joints was more promising than with AC from the treated joints.
"Identity check" is QMA-complete

We define the problem “identity check”: Given a classical description of a quantum circuit, determine whether it is almost equivalent to the identity. Explicitly, the task is to decide whether the corresponding unitary is close to a complex multiple of the identity matrix with respect to the operator norm. We show that this problem is QMA-complete. A generalization of this problem is “equivalence check”: Given two descriptions of quantum circuits and a description of a common invariant subspace, decide whether the restrictions of the circuits to this subspace almost coincide. We show that equivalence check is also in QMA and hence QMA-complete.
Successful treatment of aortic arch mural thrombosis with low-dose, ultra-slow-flow thrombolysis: a case report and literature review

Aortic arch thrombosis represents a severe condition which usually requires surgical treatment in specialized centers. Treatments described in literature are mostly surgery or sodium heparin infusion. Here we describe an off-label use of alteplase in aortic arch thrombosis in a patient in whom sodium heparin treatment failed and surgery was not possible due to the site of thrombus. We report the case of a 34-year-old postpartum patient who was admitted to our hospital for aortic arch thrombosis. She had no genetic disorders for hypercoagulability, only a family history for ischemic cerebrovascular accident. As treatment with sodium heparin failed and surgery was not possible due to the site of thrombus, she received a low-dose, ultra-slow-flow treatment with alteplase for 75 hours with successful removal of the thrombus. No side effects from alteplase were observed. Considering the safety and efficacy in this patient, as well as the easiness by which it can be reproduced in the majority of clinical settings, this treatment may be a viable option in cases of aortic arch thrombosis when conventional treatments are not applicable or available.
Determinants of the Entrepreneurial Initiative during a Pandemic: The Case of Plovdiv

The COVID-19 pandemic is a trying time for both businesses and citizens. The measures and restrictions were devastating for the economy. As different countries had their strengths and challenges in dealing with the pandemic, there no unified approach applicable to every context. However, the entrepreneurial initiative is what boosts the economic development in each free market economy. The current paper’s goal is to evaluate how the pandemic affects entrepreneurial initiatives and to determine the degree to which three sets of elements influence these initiatives. The scope of the research is enterprises, working in the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria, and the focus is the entrepreneurial initiative among them. The research with the enterprises is based only on a quantitative method—a survey across a representative sample of the general population of the enterprises whose headquarters are registered in the territory of the city of Plovdiv. The representative sample was selected as a random sample of 1000 companies (with an assumed response rate of about 10%), stratified by the size of the enterprise (number of employees) and by the field of economic activity. Statistical analysis was performed using the software product IBM SPSS version 26. The results show that the personal characteristics of the respondents are more relevant to the results rather than the specifics of the enterprise. The relevance of both work experience and ownership of the enterprise as preconditions that create opportunities for entrepreneurial initiatives during the global crisis offers a further empirical contribution. A key theoretical contribution of this study lies in finding evidence that innovativeness has a significant direct effect on behavioral intention to acquire new opportunities during crisis conditions.
Aspartame Consumption, Mitochondrial Disorder-Induced Impaired Ovarian Function, and Infertility Risk

Frequent consumption of diet drinks was associated with oocyte dysmorphism, decreased embryo quality, and an adverse effect on pregnancy rate. We investigated the harmful effects of aspartame and potential mechanisms through which it increases infertility risk through clinical observations and in vivo and in vitro studies. Methods: We established a cohort of 840 pregnant women and retrospectively determined their time to conceive. We assessed the estrus cycle, the anti-Mullerian hormone level, ovarian oxidative stress, and ovarian mitochondrial function in an animal study. We also evaluated mitochondria function, mitochondrial biogenesis, and progesterone release with in vitro studies. Aspartame consumption was associated with increased infertility risk in the younger women (Odds ratio: 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.00, 3.22). The results of the in vivo study revealed that aspartame disrupted the estrus cycle and reduced the anti-Mullerian hormone level. Aspartame treatment also suppressed antioxidative activities and resulted in higher oxidative stress in the ovaries and granulosa cells. This phenomenon is caused by an aspartame-induced decline in mitochondrial function (maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP production capacity) and triggered mitochondrial biogenesis (assessed by examining the energy depletion signaling-related factors sirtuin-1, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α, and nuclear respiratory factor 1 expression levels). Aspartame may alter fertility by reserving fewer follicles in the ovary and disrupting steroidogenesis in granulosa cells. Hence, women preparing for pregnancy are suggested to reduce aspartame consumption and avoid oxidative stressors of the ovaries.
Water and interstellar complex organics associated with the HH 212 protostellar disc

Context. The unprecedented combination of high-sensitivity and high angular resolution provided by the ALMA interferometer allows us to shed light on the processes leading to the formation of the jet-disc system associated with a Sun-like mass protostar. Aims. We investigate the physical and chemical properties of the gas associated with water and interstellar complex organic molecules around a protostar on solar system scales. Methods. The HH 212 protostellar system, in Orion B, has been mapped, thanks to ALMA-Band 7 Cycle 1 and Cycle 4 observations of dueterated water (HDO) and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) emission with an angular resolution down to ~0. ′′15 (60 au). Results. Many emission lines due to 14 CH3CHO and 1 HDO transitions at high excitation (Eu between 163 and 335 K) have been imaged in the inner ~70 au region. The local thermal equilibrium analysis of the CH3CHO emission leads to a temperature of 78 ± 14 K and a column density of 7.6 ± 3.2 × 1015 cm−2, which, when NH2 of 1024 cm−2 is assumed, leads to an abundance of XCH3CHO ≃ 8 × 10−9. The large velocity gradient analysis of the HDO emission also places severe constraints on the volume density, nH2 ≥ 108 cm−3. The line profiles are 5–7 km s−1 wide, and CH3CHO and HDO both show a ±2 km s−1 velocity gradient over a size of ~70 au (blue-shifted emission towards the north-west and red-shifted emission towards the south-east) along the disc equatorial plane, in agreement with what was found so far using other molecular tracers. Conclusions. The kinematics of CH3CHO and HDO are consistent with the occurrence of a centrifugal barrier, that is, the infalling envelope-rotating disc ring, which is chemically enriched through low-velocity accretion shocks. The emission radius is ~60 au, in good agreement with what was found before for another interstellar complex organic molecule such as NH2CHO. We support a vertical structure for the centrifugal barrier, suggesting the occurrence of two outflowing, expanding, and rotating rings above and below (of about 40–45 au) the optically thick equatorial disc plane. It is tempting to speculate that these rings could probe the basis of a wind launched from this region.
Highly Efficient Spin-Orbit Torque and Switching of Layered Ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2.

Among van der Waals (vdW) layered ferromagnets, Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) is an excellent candidate material to form FGT/heavy metal heterostructures for studying the effect of spin-orbit torques (SOT). Its metallicity, strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy built in the single atomic layers, relatively high Curie temperature ( Tc ∼ 225 K), and electrostatic gate tunability offer a tantalizing possibility of achieving the ultimate high SOT limit in monolayer all-vdW nanodevices. In this study, we fabricate heterostructures of FGT/Pt with 5 nm of Pt sputtered onto the atomically flat surface of ∼15-23 nm exfoliated FGT flakes. The spin current generated in Pt exerts a damping-like SOT on FGT magnetization. At ∼2.5 × 1011 A/m2 current density, SOT causes the FGT magnetization to switch, which is detected by the anomalous Hall effect of FGT. To quantify the SOT effect, we measure the second harmonic Hall responses as the applied magnetic field rotates the FGT magnetization in the plane. Our analysis shows that the SOT efficiency is comparable with that of the best heterostructures containing three-dimensional (3D) ferromagnetic metals and much larger than that of heterostructures containing 3D ferrimagnetic insulators. Such large efficiency is attributed to the atomically flat FGT/Pt interface, which demonstrates the great potential of exploiting vdW heterostructures for highly efficient spintronic nanodevices.
A HIGH RESOLUTION VIEW OF THE WARM ABSORBER IN THE QUASAR MR 2251-178

High resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the warm absorber in a nearby quasar, MR 2251-178 (z = 0.06398), is presented. The observations were carried out in 2011 using the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) and the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer, with net exposure times of approximately 400 ks each. A multitude of absorption lines from C to Fe are detected, revealing at least three warm absorbing components ranging in ionization parameter from log (ξ/erg cm s−1) = 1–3 with outflow velocities ≲ 500 km s−1. The lowest ionization absorber appears to vary between the Chandra and XMM-Newton observations, which implies a radial distance of between 9 and 17 pc from the black hole. Several broad soft X-ray emission lines are strongly detected, most notably from He-like oxygen, with FWHM velocity widths of up to 10,000 km s−1, consistent with an origin from broad-line region (BLR) clouds. In addition to the warm absorber, gas partially covering the line of sight to the quasar appears to be present, with a typical column density of NH = 1023 cm−2. We suggest that the partial covering absorber may arise from the same BLR clouds responsible for the broad soft X-ray emission lines. Finally, the presence of a highly ionized outflow in the iron K band from both the 2002 and 2011 Chandra HETG observations appears to be confirmed, which has an outflow velocity of −15600 ± 2400 km s−1. However, a partial covering origin for the iron K absorption cannot be excluded, resulting from low ionization material with little or no outflow velocity.
Organization and Management of Intensive Care Unit, correlation of team climate with job satisfaction of the nurses in the ICU

Introduction: The correlation between team climate and job satisfaction has been studied by researchers worldwide, but only a handful of them have dealt with the reality of Intensive Care Units (ICU). Team climate can contribute to nurses’ job satisfaction, thus increasing their efficiency and effectiveness. Especially during a pandemic, such as Covid-19, the investigation of team climate and job satisfaction is of great importance.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between team climate and job satisfaction of nurses in ICU and among the fear of Covid-19.Methodology: This is a contemporary study. The sample of the study is consisted of nurses and nurses’ assistants of a Greek public hospital ICU and special units. The Anderson & West Team Climate Inventory (TCI), the Paul E. Spector Job Satisfaction and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale were used for data collection. The statistical analysis of the data was done with the statistical program SPSS for Windows (version 21). Results: Out of the 212 nurses, 170 responded to the questionnaire (response rate 80.2%). The team climate was generally described as moderate. Especially, the dimensions of communication-innovation, team goals and the way they work assessed as moderate. Job satisfaction was described as moderate. Relationships with the manager, the nature of the work and communication, characteristics of job satisfaction, were evaluated with a high score, while payment, benefits and promotion were evaluated with low score. The fear of Covid-19 scale had low score, indicating that the feeling of fear was at low levels.Conclusions: The team climate and job satisfaction of ICUs nurses of the hospital was characterized as moderate, while the fear levels due to Covid-19 were low. Furthermore, the team climate was positively correlated with job satisfaction. In contrast, neither team climate nor job satisfaction were associated with fear of Covid-19.
Interference effects in the photorecombination of argonlike Sc3+ ions: Storage-ring experiment and theory

Absolute total electron-ion recombination rate coefficients of argonlike Sc 3 + (3s 2 3p 6 ) ions have been measured for relative energies between electrons and ions ranging from 0 to 45 eV. This energy range comprises all dielectronic recombination resonances attached to 3p → 3d and 3p→4s excitations. A broad resonance with an experimental width of 0.89′0.07 eV due to the 3p 5 3d 2 2 F intermediate state is found at 12.31′0.03 eV with a small experimental evidence for an asymmetric line shape. From R-matrix and perturbative calculations we infer that the asymmetric line shape may not only be due to quantum-mechanical interference between direct and resonant recombination channels as predicted by Gorczyca et al. [Phys. Rev. A 56, 4742 (1997)], but may be partly also due to the interaction with an adjacent overlapping dielectronic recombination resonance of the same symmetry. The overall agreement between theory and experiment is poor. Differences between our experimental and our theoretical resonance positions are as large as 1.4 eV. This illustrates the difficulty to accurately describe the structure of an atomic system with an open 3d shell with state-of-the-art theoretical methods. Furthermore, we find that a relativistic theoretical treatment of the system under study is mandatory since the existence of experimentally observed strong 3p 5 3d 2 2D and 3p 5 3d4s 2 D resonances can only be explained when calculations beyond LS coupling are carried out.
X-Ray Study of Variable Gamma-Ray Pulsar PSR J2021+4026

PSR J2021+4026 showed a sudden decrease in the gamma-ray emission at the glitch that occurred around 2011 October 16, and a relaxation of the flux to the pre-glitch state at around 2014 December. We report X-ray analysis results of the data observed by XMM-Newton on 2015 December 20 in the post-relaxation state. To examine any change in the X-ray emission, we compare the properties of the pulse profiles and spectra at the low gamma-ray flux state and at the post-relaxation state. The phase-averaged spectra for both states can be well described by a power-law component plus a blackbody component. The former is dominated by unpulsed emission and probably originated from the pulsar wind nebula as reported by Hui et al. The emission property of the blackbody component is consistent with the emission from the polar cap heated by the back-flow bombardment of the high-energy electrons or positrons that were accelerated in the magnetosphere. We found no significant change in the X-ray emission properties between two states. We suggest that the change of the X-ray luminosity is at an order of ∼4%, which is difficult to measure with the current observations. We model the observed X-ray light curve with the heated polar cap emission, and we speculate that the observed large pulsed fraction is owing to asymmetric magnetospheric structure.
Specific heat of MgB2 in a one- and a two-band model from first-principles calculations

The heat capacity anomaly at the transition to superconductivity of the layered superconductor MgB2 is compared to first-principles calculations with the Coulomb repulsion, µ*, as the only parameter which is fixed to give the measured Tc. We solve the Eliashberg equations for both an isotropic one-band model and a two-band model with different superconducting gaps on the π-band and σ-band Fermi surfaces. The agreement with experiments is considerably better for the two-band model than for the one-band model.
The Lattice Model of Particles with Orientation-Dependent Interactions at Solid Surfaces: Wetting Scenarios

Wetting phenomena in a lattice model of particles having two chemically different halves (A and B) and being in contact with solid substrates have been studied with Monte Carlo methods. The energy of the interaction between a pair of neighboring particles has been assumed to depend on the degree to which the AA, AB and BB regions face each other. In this work, we have assumed that uAA=−1.0 and considered three series of systems with uAB=uBB, uAB=0 and uBB=0. The phase behavior of bulk systems has been determined. In particular, it has been shown that at sufficiently low temperatures the bulk systems order into the superantiferromagnetic (SAF) phase, or into the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase, depending on the magnitudes of AA, AB and BB interaction energies, uAA, uAB and uBB. The SAF structure occurs whenever ϵ=uAA+uBB−2uAB is lower than zero and the AF structure is stable when ϵ is greater than zero. The wetting behavior has been demonstrated to depend strongly on the structure of the bulk condensed phase, the interactions between fluid particles and the strength of the surface potential. In all series, we have found the dewetting transition, resulting from the limited stability of different ordered structures of surface phases. However, in the systems that exhibit the gas–liquid transition in the bulk, the reentrant wetting transition has been observed at sufficiently high temperatures. The mechanism of dewetting and reentrant wetting transitions has been determined. Moreover, we have also demonstrated, how the dewetting transition in the series with uAB=0 is affected by the wall selectivity, i.e., when the interaction between the parts A and B of fluid particles and the solid is different.