Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Analysis of MicroRNAs in Human Osteoporosis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNA molecules that control gene expression in various processes, such as cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, and bone metabolic diseases. However, the regulatory roles of miRNAs in osteoporosis have not been systematically analyzed. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs involved in osteoporosis. MiRNAs associated with osteoporosis were collected through literature retrieval and further screened based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The osteoporosis therapeutic targets of miRNAs were obtained by the integration of miRWalk 3.0 database and five human disease therapeutic target databases. Then, the network analysis and functional enrichment analysis of miRNAs and their targets were performed. As a result, 11 eligible miRNAs were identified highly associated with osteoporosis. MiRNA-mRNA network demonstrated there were the complex mutual interactions between miRNAs and their targets. Besides, ADRB2, AR, ESR1, FGFR1, TRAF6, etc., were identified as the top hub genes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that miRNAs and their targets were mainly mapped on processes associated with bone and immune system, such as bone remolding, bone mineralization, PI3K/AKt, TNF signaling pathways and Th17 cell differentiation. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of miR-335-3p was significantly down-regulated in hind limb unloading (HLU) mice tibia samples compared with controls, the remaining 10 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated after HLU (P < 0.01). In summary, we identified 11 differentially expressed miRNAs and their hub target genes in osteoporosis, which may be novel diagnostic biomarkers for osteoporosis.
Aerobic Training Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Anaplerosis During Exercise in Humans

We hypothesized that the exercise-induced increase in muscle tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (TCAI) would be lower after aerobic training (TR), due to a better match between pyruvate production and subsequent oxidation and lower flux through the alanine aminotransferase (AAT) reaction. Eight men [22 ± 1 y; maximal aerobic capacity (V02max) = 3.9 ± 0.2 L/min] cycled at 75% of their pre-TR V02max to exhaustion (Exh), before and after 7 wk ofTR (1 hr/d, 5 d/wk). Muscle biopsies (v. lateralis) were obtained at rest, 5 min of exercise and Exh. The effect ofTR was evidenced by an increased time to fatigue (91 ± 6 vs 42 ± 6 min), increases in resting [glycogen] and citrate synthase maximal activity, and decreases in glycogen degradation, lactate accumulation and phosphocreatine utilization during exercise. The sum of 4 measured TCAI was similar between trials at rest, but lower after 5 min of exercise postTR (2. 7 ± 0.2 vs 4.3 ± 0.2 mmol.kgdw, P<0.05). Importantly, the [TCAI] at Exh postTR (2.9 ± 0.2 mmol.kgdw) was not different compared to 5 min of exercise and thus fatigue was not attributable to a decline in TCAI. The net change in glutamate (Post: 4.5 ± 0.7 vs Pre: 7.7 ± 0.6 mmol.kgdw) and alanine (Post: 3.3 ± 0.2 vs Pre: 5.6 ± 0.3 mmol.kgdw) from Rest-5 min of exercise was attenuated post-TR (P<0.05), which is consistent with lower flux through the AA T reaction. We conclude that changes in muscle TCAI during exercise are not causally related to aerobic energy provision. I
Cognitive deficits in people who have recovered from COVID-19 relative to controls: An N=84,285 online study

Case studies have revealed neurological problems in severely affected COVID-19 patients. However, there is little information regarding the nature and broader prevalence of cognitive problems post-infection or across the full spread of severity. We analysed cognitive test data from 84,285 Great British Intelligence Test participants who completed a questionnaire regarding suspected and biologically confirmed COVID-19 infection. People who had recovered, including those no longer reporting symptoms, exhibited significant cognitive deficits when controlling for age, gender, education level, income, racial-ethnic group and pre-existing medical disorders. They were of substantial effect size for people who had been hospitalised, but also for mild but biologically confirmed cases who reported no breathing difficulty. Finer grained analyses of performance support the hypothesis that COVID-19 has a multi-system impact on human cognition.
The Impact of Milk and Its Components on Epigenetic Programming of Immune Function in Early Life and Beyond: Implications for Allergy and Asthma

Specific and adequate nutrition during pregnancy and early life is an important factor in avoiding non-communicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and chronic allergic diseases. Although epidemiologic and experimental studies have shown that nutrition is important at all stages of life, it is especially important in prenatal and the first few years of life. During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in the increasing health problems associated with allergic disease. Epigenetics involves several mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs which can modify the expression of genes. In this study, we focus on the effects of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, the effects of the bioactive components in human and bovine milk, and the environmental factors that can affect early life (i.e., farming, milk processing, and bacterial exposure), and which contribute to the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the persistent programming of immune functions and allergic diseases. This knowledge will help to improve approaches to nutrition in early life and help prevent allergies in the future.
Local Human Impacts Disrupt Relationships Between Benthic Reef Assemblages and Environmental Predictors

Human activities are changing ecosystems at an unprecedented rate, yet large-scale studies into how local human impacts alter natural systems and interact with other aspects of global change are still lacking. Here we provide empirical evidence that local human impacts fundamentally alter relationships between ecological communities and environmental drivers. Using tropical coral reefs as a study system, we investigated the influence of contrasting levels of local human impact using a spatially extensive dataset spanning 62 outer reefs around inhabited Pacific islands. We tested how local human impacts (low versus high determined using a threshold of 25 people km−2 reef) affected benthic community (i) structure, and (ii) relationships with environmental predictors using pre-defined models and model selection tools. Data on reef depth, benthic assemblages, and herbivorous fish communities were collected from field surveys. Additional data on thermal stress, storm exposure, and market gravity (a function of human population size and reef accessibility) were extracted from public repositories. Findings revealed that reefs subject to high local human impact were characterised by relatively more turf algae (>10% higher mean absolute coverage) and lower live coral cover (9% less mean absolute coverage) than reefs subject to low local human impact, but had similar macroalgal cover and coral morphological composition. Models based on spatio-physical predictors were significantly more accurate in explaining the variation of benthic assemblages at sites with low (mean adjusted-R2 = 0.35) rather than high local human impact, where relationships became much weaker (mean adjusted-R2 = 0.10). Model selection procedures also identified a distinct shift in the relative importance of different herbivorous fish functional groups in explaining benthic communities depending on the local human impact level. These results demonstrate that local human impacts alter natural systems and indicate that projecting climate change impacts may be particularly challenging at reefs close to higher human populations, where dependency and pressure on ecosystem services are highest.
Environmental DNA from multiple pathogens is elevated near active Atlantic salmon farms

The spread of infection from reservoir host populations is a key mechanism for disease emergence and extinction risk and is a management concern for salmon aquaculture and fisheries. Using a quantitative environmental DNA methodology, we assessed pathogen environmental DNA in relation to salmon farms in coastal British Columbia, Canada, by testing for 39 species of salmon pathogens (viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic) in 134 marine environmental samples at 58 salmon farm sites (both active and inactive) over 3 years. Environmental DNA from 22 pathogen species was detected 496 times and species varied in their occurrence among years and sites, likely reflecting variation in environmental factors, other native host species, and strength of association with domesticated Atlantic salmon. Overall, we found that the probability of detecting pathogen environmental DNA (eDNA) was 2.72 (95% CI: 1.48, 5.02) times higher at active versus inactive salmon farm sites and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.42) times higher per standard deviation increase in domesticated Atlantic salmon eDNA concentration at a site. If the distribution of pathogen eDNA accurately reflects the distribution of viable pathogens, our findings suggest that salmon farms serve as a potential reservoir for a number of infectious agents; thereby elevating the risk of exposure for wild salmon and other fish species that share the marine environment.
The Illusion of Choice in Discussing Cybersecurity Safeguards Between Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers

Although continual online interaction is beneficial for an older adult with mild cognitive impairment, cybersecurity risks can become more pronounced. Prior work has touted the benefit of shared decision-making between care recipients and caregivers who may want to instill cybersecurity safeguards, particularly in the area of online safety and security. In this study we investigated the current online safety and security decision-making practices of care recipients with mild cognitive impairment and their spousal caregivers. We identified a gap between optative and actual decision-making: whereas couples expressed their desire to engage in shared decision-making, the actuality was most caregivers were compelled to take sole action. We further determined that shared-decision making was not feasible as there was a lack of suitable safeguarding options along a spectrum of care for the couple to choose from. We relate these findings to prior work that highlights similar challenges and discuss how there needs to be more offered than simply an illusion of choice.
HIGH FREQUENCY OF Ascaris lumbricoides IN PUBLIC PLAYGROUNDS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL

Public playgrounds may be sources of parasite infections. This study analyzed the occurrence of intestinal parasites in playgrounds in the Federal District of Brazil (DF). Seventy sand samples were collected in 14 playgrounds distributed around the DF in 2015-2016 and were processed using the Willis and Hoffman methods. All playgrounds were contaminated with parasites. The parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (33%), Strongyloides sp. (6%), Ancylostomidae (4%), Giardia sp. (4%), Trichuris sp. (3%) Toxocara sp. (3%) and Hymenolepis nana (1%). Results show the potential risk of transmission of parasitic diseases (mainly ascariasis) in playgrounds in central Brazil.
Determination of the Time Window of Event-Related Potential Using Multiple-Set Consensus Clustering

Clustering is a promising tool for grouping the sequence of similar time-points aimed to identify the attention blocks in spatiotemporal event-related potentials (ERPs) analysis. It is most likely to elicit the appropriate time window for ERP of interest if a suitable clustering method is applied to spatiotemporal ERP. However, how to reliably estimate a proper time window from entire individual subjects’ data is still challenging. In this study, we developed a novel multiset consensus clustering method in which several clustering results of multiple subjects were combined to retrieve the best fitted clustering for all the subjects within a group. Then, the obtained clustering was processed by a newly proposed time-window detection method to determine the most suitable time window for identifying the ERP of interest in each condition/group. Applying the proposed method to the simulated ERP data and real data indicated that the brain responses from the individual subjects can be collected to determine a reliable time window for different conditions/groups. Our results revealed more precise time windows to identify N2 and P3 components in the simulated data compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, our proposed method achieved more robust performance and outperformed statistical analysis results in the real data for N300 and prospective positivity components. To conclude, the proposed method successfully estimates the time window for ERP of interest by processing the individual data, offering new venues for spatiotemporal ERP processing.
Advances in colour transfer

Colour grading is an essential step in movie post-production, which is done in the industry by experienced artists on expensive edit hardware and software suites. This paper presents a review of the advances made to automate this process. The review looks in particular at how the state-of-the-art in optimal transport and deep learning has advanced some of the fundamental problems of colour transfer, and how far are we still from being able to automatically grade images.
Evaluation of quality and stability of chhana whey beverage fermented with lactic acid bacteria

A large amount of whey is being produced in India every day during preparation of chhana and chhana based sweetmeats. The drainage of the whey produced not only increases the BOD load of the environment but also causes loss of essential nutrients. Preparation of chhana whey based fermented beverage is one of the key processes of effective utilization of whey. In the present study two chhana whey based beverages were prepared separately by fermenting the whey with two different cultures namely Streptococcus thermophilus NCDC-74 (Beverage I) and Yoghurt culture YC-470 containing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (Beverage II) by adding at 2% inoculum level. The average total solid, fat, protein and lactose content were found to be 22.30, 0.18, 0.259, 4.39% and 22.79, 0.20, 0.26, 4.31% in beverage I and beverage II respectively. The overall sensory score of both the beverages were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of control sample. Both the beverages were acceptable up to 20 days when stored at 7±2°C.
THE GENUS CAREX IN MALAYSIA

This is a fully descriptive account of the 108 species of Carex known to occur in Malaysia. They are arranged in three subgenera: Subgenus Indocarex Baill. (43 species), Subgenus Carex (Eucarex Coss. et Germ.) (57 species), and Subgenus Vignea (P. Beauv.) Nees (8 species). These are in turn divided into 33 sections. The classi- fication of these Malaysian Carices differs radically from past systems (cf. that of Kiikenthal, Engl. Pflanzenreich, 1909) and is based on the phylogenetic views of the author. Following the descriptions are citations of all the specimens seen by the author, and a few not seen but which have mainly been determined' by Kiikenthal. The majority of the specimens Came from Bogor (Buitenzorg) (about 1500 sheets) and Leiden (about 600, including important historical specimens). About half of the species are restricted (endemic) to one or another of the 'island areas' into which Malaysia can be conveniently divided: 18 species in New Guinea, 10 in the Philippines, 5 in Borneo and in Sumatra, 4 in the Malay Peninsula, 3 in Java and in Celebes, 2 in the Moluccas, and 1 in the Lesser Sunda Islands. The remaining 58 species have a slightly to much wider distribution, the chief connection being with India, and, to a slightly less extent, Japan and China. Keys are provided to the species as a whole, to the subgenera, the sections, and to the species in each section. The introductory part of the work explains, among other things, the classi- fication, the relative taxonomic value of characters in the descriptions, distribution, and sources of the material,.
Animating interaction

This article engages with Ten Silvio's 2010 challenge to treat animation as a central trope for understanding the relationship between selves and media. We discuss how animation can illuminate aspects of interactions that performance, the current dominant trope, can not—such as addressing what it means to be human when what distinguishes the human from the nonhuman is how one is being controlled. We discuss how focusing on animation can shed light on social interactions both in virtual worlds and with media practices in which online and offline exchanges are inextricably intertwined.
Grammatical Error Correction for Basque through a seq2seq neural architecture and synthetic examples

espanolLas arquitecturas neuronales secuencia a secuencia constituyen el estado del arte para abordar la tarea de correccion de errores gramaticales. Sin embargo, su entrenamiento requiere de grandes conjuntos de datos. Este trabajo estudia el uso de modelos neuronales secuencia a secuencia para la correccion de errores gramaticales en euskera. Al no existir datos de entrenamiento para este idioma, hemos desarrollado un metodo basado en reglas para generar de forma sintetica oraciones gramaticalmente incorrectas a partir de una coleccion de oraciones correctas extraidas de un corpus de 500.000 noticias en euskera. Hemos construido diferentes conjuntos de datos de entrenamiento de acuerdo a distintas estrategias para combinar los ejemplos sinteticos. A partir de estos conjuntos de datos hemos entrenado sendos modelos basados en la arquitectura Transformer que hemos evaluado y comparado de acuerdo a las metricas de precision, cobertura y F0.5. Los resultados obtenidos con el mejor modelo alcanzan un F0.5 de 0.87. EnglishSequence-to-sequence neural architectures are the state of the art for addressing the task of correcting grammatical errors. However, large training datasets are required for this task. This paper studies the use of sequence-to-sequence neural models for the correction of grammatical errors in Basque. As there is no training data for this language, we have developed a rule-based method to generate grammatically incorrect sentences from a collection of correct sentences extracted from a corpus of 500,000 news in Basque. We have built different training datasets according to different strategies to combine the synthetic examples. From these datasets different models based on the Transformer architecture have been trained and evaluated according to accuracy, recall and F0.5 score. The results obtained with the best model reach 0.87 of F0.5 score.
Random vs fixed contemporary group effects on genetic evaluations of the Brazilian Holstein cattle using an autoregressive animal model

Test-day milk yields and somatic cell score (SCS) of Brazilian Holstein cattle were used to compare the effect of random vs fixed contemporary groups (herd-test-date, HTD) using an autoregressive testy-day animal model for genetic evaluations. Fitting the HTD effect as fixed may minimize prediction bias, but requires a minimum number of observations per contemporary group (CG) to simultaneously maximize the effective number of observations and minimize the residual error and prediction error variance. Because most dairy herds in Brazil are characterized by their small size (many CG have less than 3 observations), an alternative is to consider HTD as a random effect especially if non-random associations with sires are considered negligible. A total of 3,428,352 and 2,853,695 testy-day records from the first three lactations of milk yield and somatic cell scores (SCS), respectively, were used for this study. This data was provided by the Brazilian Holstein Cattle Breeders Association and obtained from 1994 to 2016. The additive genetic variances estimated with random CG increased in both traits but also did the estimated phenotypic variances, leaving the heritabilities almost the same. Nevertheless, the annual genetic gains for milk yield (SCS), favored the random CG approach where for males, the yearly progress was 42 kg (-0.034 scores) greater (smaller) than when the fixed CG was fitted. Similarly, for females, the yearly progress was 27 kg (-0.002 scores) greater (smaller) than when the fixed CG was fitted to the model. Steeper genetic trends with random CG indicate that younger animals tended to have higher EBVs giving emphasis to the selection program. These results indicate that using CG as a random effect within the autoregressive animal model should be appropriate for the genetic evaluations of milk yield and SCS for the Brazilian Holstein cattle.
Seasonal Activity Pattern and Habitat Use by the Isabelline Serotine Bat (Eptesicus isabellinus) in an Arid Environment of Tunisia

The seasonal activity of the Isabelline serotine bat Eptesicus isabellinus was studied in eight habitats of the Bou Hedma National Park, central Tunisia. From June 2010 to June 2011 two techniques, mist-netting and echolocation call recording, were implemented. This bat species was captured throughout the year but only at water bodies and particularly at Nouh basin. Captures peaked in late spring — early summer, and declined in winter. Pregnant females were captured from April to June, and lactating females in May and June. Echolocation calls were recorded throughout the year, but not every month in all habitats. Most activity was reported at water bodies and street lamps. Activity peaked in late spring and early autumn, and declined during winter period. Terminal buzzes were mainly detected at basins, peaking in late spring — early summer and early autumn. Our study provided further insights on the importance of water bodies which should draw particular attention in the management plan of the national park and in the whole country.
Dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their symbiotic effect on serum biochemical parameters in broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens

ABSTRACT The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP), probiotic, prebiotic and their combination (symbiotic effect) on blood biochemistry of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Two hundred and forty, 1-d-old Ross 308 broilers were distributed into six groups – the negative control (basal diet), positive control (C. perfringens infection), AGP + challenge, probiotic + challenge, prebiotic + challenge and synbiotic + challenge. The results showed significant differences in total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose in AGP with no significant difference between negative and positive control. Triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased significantly among all groups compared with positive control. Heterophils and heterophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (H/L) were significantly (P < .001) lower, and lymphocytes were significantly (P < .001) higher in all groups compared with positive control. It can be concluded from this study that the synergistic effect of Bacillus subtilis and Technomos was superior to that of the AGP in improving the blood biochemical profile of broiler challenged with C. perfringens.