Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Modulation, Gut, and Omics Crosstalk in Ruminants

Simple Summary Over the last decade, animal nutrition science has been significantly developed, supported by the great advancements in molecular technologies. For scientists, the present "feedomics and nutrigenomics" era continues to evolve and shape how research is designed, performed, and understood. The new omics interpretations have established a new point of view for the nutrition–gene interaction, integrating more comprehensive findings from animal physiology, molecular genetics, and biochemistry. In the ruminant model, this modern approach addresses rumen microbes as a critical intermediate that can deepen the studies of diet–gut interaction with host genomics. The present review discusses nutrigenomics’ and feedomics’ potential contribution to diminishing the knowledge gap about the DNA cellular activities of different nutrients. It also presents how nutritional management can influence the epigenetic pathway, considering the production type, life stage, and species for more sustainable ruminant nutrition strategies. Abstract Ruminant nutrition has significantly revolutionized a new and prodigious molecular approach in livestock sciences over the last decade. Wide-spectrum advances in DNA and RNA technologies and analysis have produced a wealth of data that have shifted the research threshold scheme to a more affluent level. Recently, the published literature has pointed out the nutrient roles in different cellular genomic alterations among different ruminant species, besides the interactions with other factors, such as age, type, and breed. Additionally, it has addressed rumen microbes within the gut health and productivity context, which has made interpreting homogenous evidence more complicated. As a more systematic approach, nutrigenomics can identify how genomics interacts with nutrition and other variables linked to animal performance. Such findings should contribute to crystallizing powerful interpretations correlating feeding management with ruminant production and health through genomics. This review will present a road-mapping discussion of promising trends in ruminant nutrigenomics as a reference for phenotype expression through multi-level omics changes.
Effects of Breast Support and Gait Speed on Three-Dimensional Breast Displacement for Women with Small Breasts

This paper investigated three-dimensional breast displacement under different breast support conditions and gait speeds for women with small breasts. The breast coordinates of fifteen female participants with small breasts (sizes ranging from A to C) were recorded during treadmill walking and running tests under two different sports bra conditions and a no bra condition. The results showed that although vertical breast displacement was always the greatest in each condition, mediolateral breast displacement was significantly greater than anteroposterior breast displacement. Mediolateral breast displacement was not effectively reduced in the two sports bra conditions compared to the no bra condition. It is recommended that sports bra designed for women with small breasts should aim to limit mediolateral breast displacement instead of anteroposterior breast displacement, on the premise of controlling vertical breast displacement. The findings also suggest that the effectiveness of sports bras at reducing side-to-side breast movement requires further optimisation.
Global and local discourses in India’s policies for early childhood education: policy borrowing and local realities

ABSTRACT The Indian Government released the latest version of its National Education Policy (NEP) on 31 July 2020 – a document last revised in 1986. The Early Childhood Education (ECE) section of this new policy urges a Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP) approach incorporating ‘play-based, activity-based, and discovery-based learning’ (NEP [2020]. “Ministry of Human Resource Development.” Government of India. New Delhi, India, 6). The purpose of this article is to examine the policy’s core recommendations for early childhood education, analyse the language and content borrowed from the global ECE discourse and identify the constraints posed by the local realities of the Indian school system.
Identification of Small Regions of Overlap from Copy Number Variable Regions in Patients with Hypospadias

Hypospadias is a common form of congenital atypical sex development that is often associated with other congenital comorbidities. Many genes have been associated with the condition, most commonly single sequence variations. Further investigations of recurrent and overlapping copy number variations (CNVs) have resulted in the identification of genes and chromosome regions associated with various conditions, including differences of sex development (DSD). In this retrospective study, we investigated the DECIPHER database, as well as an internal institutional database, to identify small recurrent CNVs among individuals with isolated and syndromic hypospadias. We further investigated these overlapping recurrent CNVs to identify 75 smallest regions of overlap (SROs) on 18 chromosomes. Some of the genes within these SROs may be considered potential candidate genes for the etiology of hypospadias and, occasionally, additional comorbid phenotypes. This study also investigates for the first time additional common phenotypes among individuals with hypospadias and overlapping CNVs. This study provides data that may aid genetic counseling and management of individuals with hypospadias, as well as improve understanding of its underlying genetic etiology and human genital development overall.
Bloody widows? Discourses of tradition and gender in Ghanaian politics

According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, although there have been steady increases in the number of women in politics, widespread gender inequalities persist. This is particularly pervasive in patriarchal societies where gender norms and practices are deeply entrenched, with socio-cultural barriers often cited as some of the key impediments to women’s search for political power. There have, therefore, been calls to remove such barriers for effective participation. Unfortunately, some events that occurred before Ghana’s 2020 election discourage, rather than encourage, women’s participation in governance. With data from articles, headlines and comments from various online media outlets, this paper examines three events that reinforce what may be called ‘a bloody widow discourse’ in Ghana’s politics. Using Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis, the paper shows how traditional norms and expectations associated with widowhood can be perceived as barriers to women’s (and not men’s) quest for political power, thereby sustaining the unequal gender and power relations in politics. The use of allusion, rhetorical questions and presuppositions further perpetuate a ‘blame-the-widow’ discourse which makes the women appear unworthy of the power they seek.
Is Blockchain a General Purpose Technology?

Is Blockchain a General Purpose Technology? To answer this question, we create a new method for identifying General Purpose Technologies, utilising contemporary data rather than historical, and use it to identify Blockchain as a General Purpose Technology. We survey 200 Blockchain applications, identifying their function and grouping them by what sector they operate in. This data is used to show that Blockchain shares characteristics with General Purpose Technologies to such a degree that it can be identified as such even though it is still an emerging technology. We conclude with a look at the implications of our findings and examining the problems in identifying a General Purpose Technology at this early stage of its development.
Trust and Fear in the Newsroom: How Emotions Drive the Exchange of Innovative Ideas

ABSTRACT This article analyses the social processes that stimulate the exchange of new ideas in newsrooms. New ideas are vital for legacy media news organisations to innovate and fundamentally reinvent themselves, which is crucial for their survival. Ample research in other disciplines has shown that perceptions of “trust” and “fear” are strong drivers for sharing (or not sharing) creative ideas at work. However, what fosters the sharing and developing of new ideas has been strikingly under-researched in journalism studies. To fill this research gap we ask: how do perceptions of trust and fear in the newsroom stimulate (or not) the sharing and developing of new ideas? Data have been gathered in the newsrooms of two Dutch newspapers, using qualitative interviews and non-participant observation. To enable new idea sharing to benefit all, people need to experience both trust in their peers and in their management. Results show that only newsroom elites perceive both types of trust and, hence, feel free to share their new ideas with management. This means that within newsrooms in transformation the innovative potential of the majority of people is not utilised as they fear to share their creative or new ideas upwards in the hierarchy.
Deep learning for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metasurface optimization design

In order to accelerate the design process of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metasurface, a deep learning-based EIT metasurface design method is proposed, where the spectral profile of EIT metasurface can be predicted by the forward prediction process, and the EIT metasurface geometry parameters based on the target spectral profile can be obtained by the inverse design process. In the inverse design process, a cascaded convolutional neural network (CNN) consisting of one-dimensional convolutional layer, a batch normalization layer, a pooling layer and an exponential linear unit (ELU) activation function is employed. Each CNN is designed to achieve feature extraction for spectra. The inverse network achieves low mean square errors (MSE), with MSE of 0.011 on the validation sets. After training, the model can more accurately predict the parameters with error of 0.3 μm. This method is more efficient and saves computing resources, allowing designers to focus on the target spectra. More importantly, it can be extended to the design of arbitrary metasurface.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OFFICE FACTORS AND WINDOW VIEW FACTORS IN SHARED ROOM AND OPEN-PLAN OFFICES

An office is a place where office task is carried out. An important building component that provides a view to the outside is the window. This paper aims to investigate the effect of office and view factors on occupants’ satisfaction. The research uses a cross-sectional survey method, data was collected from five offices in Kogi State in Nigeria with a total of 267 respondents. The purposive sampling method was used because it was specifically for occupants of shared-room offices and open-plan offices. The analysis was performed using SPSS Version 23 and AMOS Version 22 for modelling. Seven salient factors were identified to be interrelated in the relationship model. The results revealed a valid model and the effect of each construct on occupants’ satisfaction was moderate. The overall squared multiple correlation value is moderate. The study extends the existing knowledge of the relationship between office and window view factors on occupants’ satisfaction. Also, it provides suggestions for building stakeholders such as Architects, Builders, Interior Designers, and Facility Managers that can be applied to improve the satisfaction level of office space users, thereby creating a sustainable office environment.
An Effective and Lightweight Deep Electrocardiography Arrhythmia Recognition Model Using Novel Special and Native Structural Regularization Techniques on Cardiac Signal

Recently, cardiac arrhythmia recognition from electrocardiography (ECG) with deep learning approaches is becoming popular in clinical diagnosis systems due to its good prognosis findings, where expert data preprocessing and feature engineering are not usually required. But a lightweight and effective deep model is highly demanded to face the challenges of deploying the model in real-life applications and diagnosis accurately. In this work, two effective and lightweight deep learning models named Deep-SR and Deep-NSR are proposed to recognize ECG beats, which are based on two-dimensional convolution neural networks (2D CNNs) while using different structural regularizations. First, 97720 ECG beats extracted from all records of a benchmark MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset have been transformed into 2D RGB (red, green, and blue) images that act as the inputs to the proposed 2D CNN models. Then, the optimization of the proposed models is performed through the proper initialization of model layers, on-the-fly augmentation, regularization techniques, Adam optimizer, and weighted random sampler. Finally, the performance of the proposed models is evaluated by a stratified 5-fold cross-validation strategy along with callback features. The obtained overall accuracy of recognizing normal beat and three arrhythmias (V-ventricular ectopic, S-supraventricular ectopic, and F-fusion) based on the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) is 99.93%, and 99.96% for the proposed Deep-SR model and Deep-NSR model, which demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed models has surpassed the state-of-the-art models and also expresses the higher model generalization. The received results with model size suggest that the proposed CNN models especially Deep-NSR could be more useful in wearable devices such as medical vests, bracelets for long-term monitoring of cardiac conditions, and in telemedicine to accurate diagnose the arrhythmia from ECG automatically. As a result, medical costs of patients and work pressure on physicians in medicals and clinics would be reduced effectively.
Ultimate limit state analysis of externally post-tensioned structures

The UK Department of Transport (DoT) has recently encouraged the use of externally post-tensioned structures for bridge construction. This is due to the durability problems encountered with the conventional internally bonded post-tensioned structures. However, due to the lack of bond between the concrete and the external tendons, the ultimate strength of these structures cannot be determined by just performing a sectional analysis at the section of maximum moment. Although several recommendations have been made for the ultimate analysis of these structures, none were considered satisfactory here. Hence the purpose of this investigation is to study the flexural behaviour of these structures of all stages up to collapse, and to propose a practical methodology for estimating their ultimate strength. The study introduces eight non-linear analytical models developed for the prediction of the moment vs. deflection response of simply supported externally post-tensioned beams (with and without deviators located along their spans) up to ultimate. The models employ an iterative procedure that involves the application of loads to the structure in increments up to the collapse condition, where the curvature distribution predicted at each loading sequence is used to estimate the stress increase and variation in eccentricity in the external tendons. Second-order effects due to variation in eccentricity of external tendons and frictional behaviour of tendons at the deviators are both taken into account in these models. The eight models were then verified by comparing the results derived from them with reported experimental data, whereby good correlation was obtained. An extensive parametric study was subsequently conducted using the proposed models applied to the various parameters that influence the ultimate behaviour of externally prestressed structures Finally, the recommendations in the codes of practice for the ultimate design of these structures were also investigated here
Numerical Analysis of a Small Pneumatic Hammer Performance Based on Evaluation Method of Friction Force

Mechanical power loss in pneumatic hammers comes from the friction between parts in relative motion, and wear is among the failure mechanisms of the top hammer. Therefore, it is important for high performance and a longer service life of pneumatic hammers to reduce the friction force between parts in relative motion. This study presented a novel approach to quantitatively determine the friction force and consider it in the simulation model of pneumatic hammer. First, the friction force between piston and cylinder in a small pneumatic hammer was measured using an experimental setup at different inlet pressures. We could find from the experimental result that the friction force was about 0.8 N under the horizontal installation when there was no pressure supply, but it increased significantly, was 20 times greater than that without pressure supply, due to aerodynamic action by compressed air leaked from the annular gaps between the cylindrical matching surfaces of the components. In addition, it increased from 10.27 to 16.7 N due to an increase in inlet pressure and mechanical power loss in the pneumatic hammer that was about 10% of impact energy. Then, numerical analysis for a small pneumatic hammer performance was performed by a model considered the friction force using AMESim software. Finally, it can be seen from the simulation results that the proposed approach could significantly reduce the error between the simulated and the measured values for the impact energy because of ignoring the friction force. This approach will be used to predict service life of piston and find a low friction piston of pneumatic hammer in practical engineering.
FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERHASILAN USAHA (STUDI PADA INDUSTRI KECIL ALAS KAKI DI KOTA MOJOKERTO)

Sektor perekonomian merupakan sektor yang saat ini berkembang pesat. Banyak pelaku bisnis yang membangun usaha sendiri baik itu usaha formal maupun informal, salah satunya UMKM yang memegang peran dalam menambah pemasukan negara dalam bentuk devisa. Jawa Timur menjadi provinsi dengan kinerja perekonomian yang tumbuh lebih unggul dari provinsi lain di pulau Jawa. Satu diantara faktor yang ada yang mendorong hal di atas karena di Mojokerto terdapat salah satu usaha unggulan yaitu usaha alas kaki. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh antara efikasi diri dan jiwa kewirausahaan terhadap keberhasilan usaha para pelaku bisnis. Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu para pelaku bismis usaha alas kaki di Kota Mojokerto yang berjumlah 214 unit usaha dan menggunakan 69 sampel yang ditentukan dengan teknik slovin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Model – Partial Least Square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri dan jiwa kewirausahaan berkontribusi terhadap keberhasilan usaha para pelaku bisnis.
Development and evaluation of biarticular transtibial prostheses for level-ground amputee walking

In the last several years, great strides have been made toward the development of transtibial prostheses that match the functionality of their corresponding biological structures. However, these devices are fundamentally limited because they only emulate the biological ankle-foot complex. In contrast, the gastrocnemius calf muscle spans both the ankle and knee joint, and thus provides biarticular function. Therefore, it may be prudent for transtibial prostheses to include actuation at both the ankle and knee joints of an affected limb. This thesis presents the development of two such biarticular prosthesis systems. The first, tested on two participants, employed a quasi-passive clutched-spring knee orthosis, approximating the largely isometric behavior of the biological gastrocnemius. The second device, tested on six participants, provided positive net mechanical work with a tethered knee orthosis, controlled using a neuromuscular model. Both devices utilized a commercial powered ankle-foot prosthesis. Participants with unilateral transtibial amputation walked with these biarticular prostheses in two separate studies on an instrumented treadmill while motion, force, electromyographic, and metabolic data were collected. Data were analyzed to determine differences resulting from the activation of each knee orthosis, compared to the orthosis behaving as a free-joint. We hypothesized that the active conditions would reduce joint kinetic demands, and consequently metabolic cost, compared to the control conditions. The quasi-passive system was capable of reducing both affected-side knee and hip moment impulse and positive mechanical work in both participants during the late stance knee flexion phase of walking, compared to the control condition. The metabolic cost of walking was also reduced for both participants. The powered artificial gastrocnemius reduced affected-side biological knee flexion moment impulse by 0.022 +/- 0.018 Nm/kg (p = 0.03), and affected-side hip positive work by 0.074 +/- 0.025 J/kg (p = 0.004) during late stance knee flexion, compared to the control condition. However, the data did not support our hypothesis that metabolism would decrease, as two of the participants did not display a metabolic reduction. These results highlight the kinetic benefits of an artificial gastrocnemius for transtibial amputee gait. However, further study is warranted to determine the requirements for achieving a consistent metabolic improvement.
High school students’ sexist beliefs about academic abilities and women’s roles: the influence of school specialization (Creencias sexistas de los estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria sobre las aptitudes académicas y el rol de las mujeres: la influencia de la especialización escolar)

ABSTRACT The present study analyses the influence of gender and type of baccalaureate pathway on students’ beliefs about the respective abilities of girls and boys in gender-congruent subjects, controlling for ambivalent sexism. Eight hundred and sixty-six students (M = 17.5, SD = 0.83) enrolled in the second course of high school participated. Students on the science pathway were more likely to believe that boys perform better in maths, physical science and technology, and that girls perform better in literature, biology and languages. Boys and girls in gender-congruent pathways were more likely to consider boys to have greater abilities in maths, physical science and technology, whereas girls in languages, biology and literature. Moreover, students’ attitudes towards boys’ ability to perform better in maths, physical science and technology depended to a great extent on ambivalent sexist attitudes, whereas students’ sexist attitudes regarding girls’ greater abilities in literature, biology and languages depended on benevolent sexist attitudes alone.