Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On-Road and Online Studies to Investigate Beliefs and Behaviors of Netherlands, US and Mexico Pedestrians Encountering Hidden-Driver Vehicles

A growing number of studies use a “ghost-driver” vehicle driven by a person in a car seat costume to simulate an autonomous vehicle. Using a hidden-driver vehicle in a field study in the Netherlands, Study 1 (N=130) confirmed that the ghostdriver methodology is valid in Europe and confirmed that European pedestrians change their behavior when encountering a hidden-driver vehicle. As an important extension to past research, we find pedestrian group size is associated with their behavior: groups look longer than singletons when encountering an autonomous vehicle, but look for less time than singletons when encountering a normal vehicle. Study 2 (N=101) adapted and extended the hidden-driver method to test whether it is believable as online video stimuli and whether car characteristics and participant feelings are related to the beliefs and behavior of pedestrians who see hidden-driver vehicles. As expected, belief rates were lower for hidden-driver vehicles seen in videos compared to in a field study. Importantly, we found noticing no driver was the only significant predictor of belief in car autonomy, which reinforces prior justification for the use of the ghostdriver method. Our contributions are a replication of the hidden-driver method in Europe and comparisons with past US and Mexico data; an extension and evaluation of the ghostdriver method in video form; evidence of the necessity of the hidden driver in creating the illusion of vehicle autonomy; and an extended analysis of how pedestrian group size and feelings relate to pedestrian behavior when encountering a hidden-driver vehicle. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing→Field studies; Empirical studies in HCI; Empirical studies in interaction design. ACM Reference Format: Jamy Li, Rebecca Currano, David Sirkin, David Goedicke, Hamish Tennent, Aaron Levine, Vanessa Evers, and Wendy Ju. 2020. On-Road and Online Studies to Investigate Beliefs and Behaviors of Netherlands, US and Mexico Pedestrians Encountering Hidden-Driver Vehicles. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI ’20), March 23–26, 2020, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374790
Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice and Related Factors about Rabies Among the Community of Assosa Town

This study was conducted in Assosa town of the Benishangul Gumuz Regional state Western Ethiopia from November 2014 to April 2015 to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on rabies and related factors among the community of the town by using Community based cross-sectional quantitative study design. All kebeles of the town were selected purposively for this study since the kebeles were few in number and can be assessed. Individual household was selected using a systematic random sampling technique. From the selected household, individual respondent was selected using simple random sampling technique and interviewed. During the interview respondents aged greater than eighteen years and households who live at least for one year in the town was considered. The data were collected from 360 households through face to face interview using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Of the 360 respondents interviewed, 168(46.7%) and 192 (53.3%) were males females respectively. Almost all of the respondents indicated that they had previously heard about rabies and 254 (70.6%) had good level of knowledge, attitudes and practices about rabies. There was strong association between knowledge, attitudes and practices scores of rabies and sex (χ2=5.885, p=0.020); educational level (χ2=1.022, p=0.000); occupation (χ2=72.024, P=0.000) and household size (χ2=11.136, p=0.004). Generally these findings indicated that the Assosa town community has good knowledge about rabies. Therefore, information source like radio, television programmes and news papers should play significance role to raise knowledge of the community about the deadly nature of rabies, on mode of transmission, symptoms and the availability of appropriate preventive measure like vaccines for dogs. [Mokonnen Damtew, Birhanu Eticha, Teshale Balda, and Haile Worku. Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice and Related Factors about Rabies Among the Community of Assosa Town. Rep Opinion 2017;9(8):88-96]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub. net/report. 9. doi:10.7537/marsroj090817.09.
Laminarin enhances the activity of natural killer cells in immunosuppressed mice

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of laminarin on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of immunosuppressive mice and its mechanism. Cyclophosphamide (cy) was used to make an immunosuppressive model of mice. The mice of two groups were given interventions by gavage with laminarin 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg every day for 10 days. MACS was adopted to isolate spleen NK cells, and cytotoxicity of NK cells and IL-12, IFN-γ level in serum were detected in vivo. Cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells, activating receptors (NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and NKG2D) and perforin and granzyme B expression were detected in vitro. Compared to the normal control group, the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ level in serum in the cy model group were all reduced significantly (p < 0.01). Compared to the cy model group, laminarin increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels in serum significantly (p < 0.05). In vitro, laminarin increased the cytotoxicity, NKp30 and NKG2D, perforin and granzyme B expressions of NK92-MI cells (p < 0.01). This research showed that laminarin can promote NK cell cytotoxicity in immunosuppressive mice by increasing the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in serum and expressions of NKp30 and NKG2D, perforin and granzyme B.
Characteristics of wheat cookies supplemented with Chenopodium (Chenopodium album) flour: Physico- chemical, in-vitro antioxidant, textural and sensory properties

Cookies were prepared by supplementing Chenopodium album flour into wheat flour at various levels (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). Physicochemical, antioxidant and color characteristics of C. album-wheat blend flour were studied while the cookies developed were analyzed for their physical, textural, color and sensory properties. Peak and final viscosity of wheat flour decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 1873 to 530 cP and 2580 to 1074 cP, as the level of C. album flour increased while significant increase in pasting temperature values were found from 69.30 to 89.65 ° C, respectively. Similarly, a significant improvement in functional and in-vitro antioxidant characteristics (antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content) was observed as the proportion of C. album flour increased. Significant (p<0.05) decrease was observed in spread ratio (7.33 to 4.84) and peak snap force (52.50 to 27.56 N) of cookies. Increasing levels of C. album flour lead to a significant decrease in L* values (60.10 to 34.40) of cookies. The overall acceptability score of 7.25 for cookies (50% wheat flour and 40% C. album flour) suggests their consumer acceptability. The present study showed substantial nutritive and functional improvement by the addition of C. album flour to cookie
Creativity Encounters Between Children and Robots

Creativity is an intrinsic human ability with multiple benefits across the lifespan. Despite its importance, societies not always are well equipped with contexts for creativity stimulation; as a consequence, a major decline in creative abilities occurs at the age of 7 years old. We investigated the effectiveness of using a robotic system named YOLO as an intervention tool to stimulate creativity in children. During the intervention, children used YOLO as a character for their stories and through the interaction with the robot, creative abilities were stimulated. Our study (n=62) included 3 experimental conditions: i) YOLO displayed behaviors based on creativity techniques; ii) YOLO displayed behaviors based on creativity techniques plus social behaviors; iii) YOLO was turned off, not displaying any behaviors. We measured children’s creative abilities at pre- and post-testing and their creative process through behavior analysis. Results showed that the interaction with YOLO contributed to higher creativity levels in children, specifically contributing to the generation of more original ideas during story creation. This study shows the potential of using social robots as tools to empower intrinsic human abilities, such as the ability to be creative. ACM Reference Format: Patrícia Alves-Oliveira, Patrícia Arriaga, Matthew A. Cronin, and Ana Paiva. 2020. Creativity Encounters Between Children and Robots. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI ’20), March 23–26, 2020, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374817
The potency of luliconazole against clinical and environmental Aspergillus nigri complex

Background and Objectives: Black Aspergillus strains including, Aspergillus niger and A. tubingensis, are the most cause of otomycosis with worldwide distribution. Although, amphotericin B was a Gold standard for the treatment of invasive fungal infection for several decades, it gradually replaced by fluconazole and /or voriconazole. Moreover, luliconazole, appears to offer the best potential for in vitro activity against black Aspergillus strains. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro activity luliconazole, with commonly used antifungals against clinical and environmental strains of black Aspergillus. Materials and Methods: Sixty seven (37 clinical and 30 environmental) strains of black Aspergillus were identified using morphological and molecular technique (β-Tubulin gene). In addition, antifungal susceptibility test was applied according to CLSI M38 A2. The results were reported as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or minimum effective concentration (MEC) range, MIC50 or MEC50, MIC90 or MEC90 and MIC geometric (GM) or MECGM. Results: Aspergillus niger was the common isolate followed by, A. tubingensis in both clinical and environmental strains. The lowest MIC range, MIC50, MIC90, and MICGM was attributed to luliconazole in clinical strains. The highest resistant rate was found in amphotericin B for both clinical (86.5%) and environmental (96.7%) strains whereas 54.1% of clinical and 30% of environmental isolates were resistant to caspofungin. Clinical strains of Aspergillus were more sensitive to voriconazole (86.7%) than environmental strains (70.3%). On the other hand, 83.8% of clinical and 70% of environmental isolates were resistant to posaconazole. Conclusion: Luliconazole versus amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin is a potent antifungal for Aspergillus Nigri complex. The in vitro extremely antifungal efficacy against black Aspergillus strains of luliconazole, is different from those of other used antifungals.
Effects of heat–moisture, autoclaving, and microwave treatments on physicochemical properties of proso millet starch

Abstract Proso millet starch was modified by heat–moisture treatment (HMT), autoclaving treatment (AT), and microwave treatment (MT). The effects of these treatments on the starch physicochemical, structural, and molecular properties were investigated. The amylose and resistant starch contents were increased by AT and MT, but only slightly by HMT. HMT and AT significantly increased the water‐holding capacity, to 172.66% and 191.63%, respectively. X‐ray diffractometry showed that the relative crystallinity of the HMT sample decreased by 20.88%, and the crystalline peaks disappeared from the AT and MT sample patterns. The thermal treatments decreased the proso millet starch molecular weight to 1.769 × 106, 7.886 × 105, and 3.411 × 104 g/mol, respectively. The thermal enthalpy decreased significantly in HMT. Modification significantly changed the pasting profiles of the native proso millet starch, and the peak viscosity, setback, and breakdown values decreased. These results clarify the mechanism of starch changes caused by thermal treatment.
Association between interstitial cells of Cajal and anti-vinculin antibody in human stomach

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are known as the pacemaker cells of gastrointestinal tract, and it has been reported that acute gastroenteritis induces intestinal dysmotility through antibody to vinculin, a cytoskeletal protein in gut, resulting in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, so that anti-vinculin antibody can be used as a biomarker for irritable bowel syndrome. This study aimed to determine correlation between serum anti-vinculin antibody and ICC density in human stomach. Gastric specimens from 45 patients with gastric cancer who received gastric surgery at Kangwon National University Hospital from 2013 to 2017 were used. ICC in inner circular muscle, and myenteric plexus were counted. Corresponding patient's blood samples were used to determine the amount of anti-vinculin antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis was done to determine correlation between anti-vinculin antibody and ICC numbers. Patients with elevated anti-vinculin antibody titer (above median value) had significantly lower number of ICC in inner circular muscle (71.0 vs. 240.5, p = 0.047), and myenteric plexus (12.0 vs. 68.5, p < 0.01) compared to patients with lower anti-vinculin antibody titer. Level of serum anti-vinculin antibody correlated significantly with density of ICC in myenteric plexus (r = −0.379, p = 0.01; Spearman correlation). Increased level of circulating anti-vinculin antibody was significantly correlated with decreased density of ICC in myenteric plexus of human stomach.
Grading of unstable distal radius fractures and its evaluation using JESS fixation

Introduction: Unstable distal end radius fractures are a common entity with various treatment options. The degree of instability varies with each fracture and it has a bearing on the treatment outcome. We are trying to grade the instability and its use in predicting treatment outcome. Materials and Method: 48 adult patients with unstable distal radius fractures were classified into three grades according to our instability grading. All were treated with Joshi’s external stabilizing system and their anatomical and functional results were analyzed at one year. Result: 91% had excellent or good functional results and there were statistically significant differences in functional outcome among the three grades. Conclusion: The proposed grading system is simple and will help to predict functional out come and duration of JESS fixation in unstable distal radius fractures.
Systematics and Taxonomy of Tonatia saurophila Koopman & Williams, 1951 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)

Abstract The Stripe-headed Round-eared bat, Tonatia saurophila, includes three subspecies: Tonatia saurophila saurophila (known only from subfossil records in Jamaica), Tonatia saurophila bakeri (distributed from southeastern Mexico to northern Colombia, Venezuela west and north of the Cordillera de Mérida, and northwestern Ecuador), and Tonatia saurophila maresi (distributed in Venezuela east and south of the Cordillera de Mérida, the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, northeastern Brazil, and along the upper Amazon basin in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia). The last two subspecies are an attractive example to test predictions about the historical role of the Andes in mammalian diversification. Based on morphological descriptions, morphometric analyses, and phylogenetic reconstruction using the mitochondrial gene Cyt-b and the nuclear exon RAG2, this study evaluates the intraspecific relationships within Tonatia saurophila and the taxonomic status of the taxon. The three subspecies of T. saurophila are recognizable as full species: Tonatia bakeri, Tonatia maresi, and Tonatia saurophila. The latter is restricted to its type locality and possibly is extinct. Tonatia bakeri, in addition to being larger than T. maresi, is morphologically distinguishable by possessing an acute apex at the posterior edge of the skull, a well-developed clinoid process, and relatively robust mandibular condyles, and by lacking a diastema between the canine and the first lower premolar. The genetic distance between T. bakeri and T. maresi is 7.65%.
Validity of ultrasonography in detection of central venous catheter position and pneumothorax compared to portable chest X-ray

Ultrasonographic guidance for insertion of central venous catheter is now almost a standard of care, leading to fewer failed attempts and complications. Nowadays, the ultrasound examination used to detect position of the central line and pneumothorax occurrence as an alternative to X-ray. The aim of this work is to assess validity of ultrasonography and portable chest X-ray in detection of central venous catheter position and post-central line insertion pneumothorax. The study was carried out on one hundred catheter insertions for patients who were admitted to Critical Care Medicine Department in Alexandria Main University Hospital. Confirmation of endovenous placement of the catheter was done by ultrasonography using “Bubble test” and examination of internal jugular veins and subclavian veins of both sides. Then, lung ultrasound was done to detect pneumothorax occurrence. After that, a portable chest X-ray film was done for all patients to detect the catheter tip position and presence of pneumothorax. Then, Computed tomography of the chest was done for all patients after their hemodynamics stabilization to confirm the previous data and compare accuracy of the ultrasound and X-ray to detect catheter tip position and post-insertion pneumothorax. The researcher found that there is statistically significant correlation between site of insertion and incidence of postinsertion pneumothorax occurrence (80% with subclavian approach versus 20% for internal jugular approach). In detection of the catheter position, the ultrasound showed sensitivity and specificity of 82.7%, 96.8% respectively versus 93.8%, 95.8% respectively for portable X-ray. Furthermore, in detection of post-insertion pneumothorax, the ultrasound showed sensitivity and specificity of 90%, 96.3% respectively versus 45%, 96.3% respectively for portable chest X-ray. We can use the ultrasound to detect position of catheter tip and pneumothorax after insertion of central line as a better alternative to routine portable chest X-ray with higher accuracy.
Effect of Waste Glass Powder (WGP) on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete

Waste glass is a major component of the solid waste stream in many countries. It can be found in many forms, including container glass and flat glass. Normally, waste glass has no harm on the environment in any way due to its non-degradable nature, but if disposed of improperly it may cause harm to both humans and animals. This study investigates the mechanical properties; compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete incorporating waste glass powder (WGP) as partial cement replacement . Waste glass was obtained, washed and carefully prepared to give WGP used in preparing concrete specimens. To function properly, the glass was sieved to particle sizes of less than 300 μm. A nominal mix design of 1:2:4 was adopted with a water to cementitious material ratio of 0.6. The contents of cement and WGP were adjusted such that as cement content reduces, WGP increases by 10%. Hence, specimens prepared and tested included a control mix (with 0% WGP), 10%, 20%, and 30% WGP-containing concrete. Test specimens were prepared and tested according to standard requirements. The test results show 10% replacement of cement using waste glass powder gave quite impressive results for compressive strength and flexural strength although the pozzolanic effect of WGP was not very significant. In conclusion, the optimal replacement level of WGP in concrete according to this research is 10%. To yield more impressive results however, it is recommended that finer glass powder of grain sizes not greater than 10 μm be used.
Effect of Feature Repeatability Measure in Estimating Image Dependencies among a Set of Near Duplicates

—As image manipulating software have become more commanding and user-friendly, it is much easier to alter one image into another one by rescaling, rotating, contrast varying, cropping etc. Due to this, near duplicate data generation has increased enormously leading to illegal distribution of copyrighted images as pirated and forged images. Hence there is a dire need for dependency detection among the near duplicates which led to substantial research in the area. In our paper we study one of the approaches for identifying structure of image dependencies in a set of near duplicate images. It is observed that feature detection and matching are essential stages for identifying image dependencies. The idea is to test if the knowledge acquired during feature matching can augment the process of dependency relation identification. We have introduced feature repeatability, which provides a good measure of correspondence between two matched images, in identifying the hierarchy of image relationships. Our experimental results show that repeatability measure has high impact in identifying link between two images and in reducing the computation time.
The P300 Event Related Potentials and its Implications in Psychiatric Disorders

P300 wave is an event related potential which has been frequently used in various psychiatric and neurological disorders for research and clinical purposes. It is supposed to give an insight about the in-depth neuroanatomical and neurobiological underpinnings of various brain structures in different disorders. Nowadays, it is being used often in different psychiatric disorders as a part of neurophysiological/neurobiological studies. The P300 findings are varied across the several disorders which points towards the varied neurophysiological basis in different disorders. P300 in short provides an opportunity to detect the fine cognitive processes underlying the complex psychiatric disorders. It brings psychiatry more towards being ‘biological’. This brief review is expected to give an overview of findings of P300 parameters in psychiatric disorders and also to provide its implications in these disorders.
Role of methylprednisolone in acute cervical cord injuries

Background: Management of acute cervical cord injury with neurodeficit continues to evoke debate. Glucocorticoid steroid methylprednisolone has been found to be effective in preventing secondary cord injury. Aims: This study was done to evaluate the role of methylprednisolone in acute cervical cord injury. Material and Methods: Thirty patients of acute cervical cord injury with demonstrable neurological deficit were administered methylprednisolone within 8 hours of acute cervical cord injury while eighteen others were not administered this drug. The patients were assessed for neurological recovery. Results: Patients who received methylprednisolone within 8 hours of injury had more motor recovery (P<0.001) than those who were not given the drug. Improvement in the pinprick scores and light touch scores were also greater at 6 weeks (P<0.001). Similar effect was also seen after 6 months. Conclusion: Methylprednisolone prevents secondary cord injury to a great extent and hence its administration in the immediate post injury period results in a better functional (motor and sensory) outcome