Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of 3-MCPD in Some Edible Oils using GC-MS/MS

The presence of 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) in edible oils has been widely reported with its potential health risks. The aim of this study was to apply optimized recent updated and validated enhanced swift analytical indirect method for determining 3-MCPD in consumed edible oils (palm, palm olein, extra virgin olive, corn, sunflower, soybean, olive pomace) and blend of 5% sunflower oil with extra virgin olive oil, using selective and sensitive gas chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) employing deuterated 3-MCPD (3-MCPD-d5) as internal standard (IS) during the entire analytical procedure to obtain precise and accurate results. The occurrence and variation of 3-MCPD contents among the studied oils were found in different levels ranged from 93.1 µg/kg to 5634.1 µg/kg oil samples, with maximum value assigned for palm oil (5634.1 µg/kg) followed by palm olein (5576.8 µg/kg), corn oil (2447 µg/kg), sunflower oil (1817.3 µg/kg), soybean oil (1486.1 µg/kg), olive pomace oil (572.5 µg/kg), blend of 5% sunflower oil with extra virgin olive oil (210 µg/kg) and extra virgin olive oil (93.1 µg/kg). Palm, palm olein, corn, sunflower and soybean oils were found out of the limits recommended by the Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/1322, whereas, extra virgin olive oil, olive pomace oil and blend of 5% sunflower oil with extra virgin olive oil were in compliance and within the limits recommended by EU. Moreover, 3-MCPD content could be used as a good tool for authenticity and quality of genuine extra virgin olive oil.
SCREENING OF BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCTION BY BACTERIAL STRAINS ISOLATED FROM OIL CONTAMINATED SITES NEAR GAS STATIONS IN EGYPT

Biosurfactant producing bacteria (28 isolates) were isolated from 30 oil contaminated soils and tested for production of biosurfactant by different screening methods. About 75% of the isolated bacteria showed no blood hemolysis and their emulsification index for hexane and xylene ranges from 28-35% and 30-45% respectively. Biosurfactant producing ability was confirmed by other tests where about 40% of isolates showed positive oil spreading activity, hydrocarbon overlay and 67% showed to be positive for drop collapsing test. 16s RNA sequencing of the most active isolates revealed one Stenotrophomonas maltophila, two Bacillus spp. and two Achromobacter spp. Biosurfactants extracted from these isolates showed variable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study demonstrated that the biosurfactants produced by these bacteria could be used in combination with antibiotics for treating bacterial infections. Further study is required for enhancing biosurfactant production by bacterial isolates to be used environmentally for bioremediation of oil contaminated soils.
Challenges to vital registration in Nigeria

The objective of this study was to investigate and reveal the socio-demographic factors affecting civil registration in Nigeria. The study employed the cross-sectional survey design. Instruments were administered to 600 participants sampled through a systematic random technique. SPSS (version 22) was used to analyze the data. Local importance attached to civil registration was different towards birth, death and marriage respectively. The multivariate Logistic Regression analyses showed that residential location (rural or urban), income and education were important factors affecting attitudes to civil registration; and these factors correlated with birth, death and marriage to different degrees. We conclude that, in addition to availability of institutional provisions, moderating variables peculiar to each cultural area should be factored into efforts to improve civil registration. Key words: Civil registration, death registration, marriage registration, Nigeria, vital statistics.
Exit Through the Training Data: A Look into Instance-Attribution Explanations and Efﬁcient Data Deletion in Machine Learning

The widespread use of machine learning models, coupled with large datasets and increasingly complex models have led to a general lack of understanding for how individual predictions are made. The GDPR has even stated that any individual has a “right to an explanation” from an automated decision if that decision can signiﬁcantly impact their life. It is perhaps unsurprising then that explainable AI (XAI) has become a very popular research topic over the past several years. This survey looks at one aspect of model interpretability: instance-attribution explanations; these techniques are able to trace the prediction of a test instance back to the training instances that contributed most to its prediction. This technique is used as a means of debugging and improving models and datasets. Another issue confronting many institutions today is that of data privacy and ownership. Debates surrounding these topics have resulted in legal action; for example, the GDPR states that companies must comply with removing user data upon request. Removing user information from databases is straightforward; however, machine learning models are not inherently designed to accommodate such a request. Practitioners can always retrain a model from scratch with the requested samples removed, but this quickly becomes pro-hibitively expensive. Thus, the second part of this review focuses on the task of efﬁcient data deletion from machine learning models. In other words, these works are able to remove the effect of one or multiple training instances without having to retrain the model from scratch. For both research topics, the current landscape of works is provided, including the advantages and disadvantages of each, open research questions, and promising research opportunities. Then, a discussion of how these research subﬁelds are related is presented, and a practical use case of identifying and mitigating bias/misinformation from universal language models is provided; realizing this use case will henceforth require innovation in both of these areas.
Placental thickness and its ultrasonographic correlation with estimated fetal weight

Introduction: Placenta supplies oxygen and all the necessary elements for the growth and development of the fetus. It is historically documented that placental weight is one fifth of the fetal weight and abnormally thin or thick placenta is associated with increased incidence of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective of present study was to correlate the relationship between placental thickness with estimated fetal weight. Materials and methods: The present study was a prospective observational study and included 250 pregnant women with known last menstrual period, history of regular menstruation, singleton pregnancy and aged between 20-30 years. After Institutional Ethics committee approval, all women enrolled in study were observed for age, parity, past medical events and demographic data at first antenatal visit. All women were provided an informed written consent and underwent ultrasound evaluation of placental thickness at 36-40 wks. Results: Neonatal outcome was good in women with normal placental thickness (10 th 95 th percentile) at 36 weeks. 76% of cases were of age group between 20-30 years. 52% of cases in this study were primigravida. Most of the cases had normal placental thickness (76%). Conclusion: Placental thickness measured at the level of umbilical cord insertion can be used as an accurate sonographic indicator in the assessment of fetal weight because placental thickness should be measured in addition to biometric parameters in antenatal women undergoing ultrasound. A.V. N. Suseela, B V V Ch Satyavani, G. Rama Devi. Placental thickness and its ultrasonographic correlation with estimated fetal weight. IAIM, 2020; 7(2): 23-28.
COLOUR BEHAVIOUR IN CANE JUICE CLARIFICATION BY DEFECATION, SULFITATION AND CARBONATION

COLOUR is sugar’s most important commercial attribute but, in juice clarification, its removal is usually not considered among primary objectives. However, based on results presented, all standard clarification procedures have the potential for significantly higher removal of colour than is realised in the industrial practice. Four principal juice clarification procedures, viz. defecation by hot liming, sulfitation, carbonation and double-carbonation were tested and various aspects of colour behaviour investigated. Carbonation is not widely used in the cane sugar industry, but periodic spikes in sulfur prices, sugar quality issues and environmental concerns have stimulated efforts to consider replacing or supplementing sulfur dioxide with carbon dioxide that may be available cost-free from the fermentation plant. The colour removal, viz. the relative difference between colour of raw and clarified juice, obtained in our tests was on average 35, 47, 44 and 74% for defecation, sulfitation, single-carbonation and modified double-carbonation, respectively. Several factors affecting clarified juice colour in hot liming were tested, viz. the time and temperature during settling; bagacillo and soil content, and phosphate and protein addition. At low lime dose, below about 1 kg CaO/tonne cane (defecation, sulfitation and carbonation), most colour removal results from adsorption on the heat-coagulated cane protein, rather than on the nascent calcium precipitate. However, the adsorptive capacity of the precipitate for cane colorants appears only partially exhausted in the normal procedure. Lowering the clarifier temperature by 11°C was found to limit the juice colour increase in the clarifiers to nearly zero. Although the decolourisation effects of sulfitation and carbonation were found to be about equal, the apparently lower thermal stability of clarified juice and syrup produced by carbonation may require further study.
The Stress-Immune Response in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Hyperglycemic Patients

Background and Hypothesis: Diabetic and hyperglycemic stroke patients have worse clinical outcome, higher mortality rates, larger infarcts, and more severe neurological disability than euglycemic individuals. The reasons for the worse outcome in diabetes are poorly understood, but may not be fully explained by hyperglycemia alone. Therefore, the objective of this prospective clinical study was to explore whether there is an association between the stressimmune response and clinical outcomes in the hyperglycemic state. Methods: Circulating immune cells including activated neutrophils, monocytes, B-cells, NK cells and subpopulations of T-lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometry over 96 hours post stroke in both hyperglycemic and euglycemic patients. Cortisol, C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), HbA1C, and blood glucose were measured in central laboratory daily over 4 days in the acute post-stroke phase. Shortand long-term neurological outcomes were assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIH-SS), modified Ranking scale (mRS) and discharge disposition. Discharge dispositions were captured at discharge and 90 days post stroke. Data on infection rates and all course mortality were collected during the hospital stay and at 3 months
Carbon isotopic composition of leaf dark-respired CO2: Influence of different substrates and environmental drivers

7 Zusammenfassung . 9 1. General Introduction . 13 2. Malate as main carbon source of leaf dark-respired CO2 across different environmental conditions in potato plants . 27 Abstract . 28. 28 Introduction . 30 Materials & Methods . 34 Results . 40 Discussion . 46 Conclusions . 53 Acknowledgements . 54 References . 54 Figures & Tables . 59 3. Strong differences in C of respiratory CO2 and malate indicate species-specific metabolic isotope fractionation . 70 Abstract . 71. 7
Crosslinking of hyaluronic acid with glutaraldehyde

Hyaluronic acid (HA) was chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to produce water-insoluble films having low water contents when brought into contact with water. The crosslinking reaction was performed using uncrosslinked HA films in acetone–water mixtures. This method could produce water-insoluble HA films with water contents as low as 60 wt % when subjected to swelling with phosphate-buffered saline of pH 7.4 at 37°C. This 60 wt % water content was lower than any values for HA ever reported. There was an optimal HCl concentration around 0.01N for the HA crosslinking with GA in acetone—water mixtures. To get information on the crosslinking mechanism, alginic acid, which possesses hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in one molecule, similar to HA, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and amylopectin, which possess only hydroxyl groups, were subjected to crosslinking with GA. PVA and amylopectin were also found to become water-insoluble after reaction with GA. On the basis of the infrared spectra of these crosslinked films, it was concluded that intermolecular formation of hemiacetal bonds with GA between the hydroxyl groups belonging to different HA molecules led to crosslinking. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3553–3559, 1997
Recent developments and advances in formulations and applications of chemical reagents used in froth flotation

Over the last two decades, significant advances have been made in the field of chemical reagents used in froth flotation, a solids separation technique whose success depends on the use of a wide variety of both inorganic and organic reagents, including polymers, for controlling the wetting behavior of solid surfaces, particle dispersion or aggregation, and bubble stability. Novel discoveries include new chemistries of reagents, especially collectors, depressants and frothers, new blends of known chemical compounds, new applications of known reagents, and the development of scientific methodologies for reagents design and testing of potential formulations. Even though the most important application of froth flotation has been the processing of raw materials, in recent years new applications of flotation continue to grow. Depletion of easy-to-process, high-grade ores and an increasing demand for clean technologies require new flotation reagents, that are environmentally friendly, more versatile, and economic. This article reviews recent developments of new chemistries for froth flotation, some of which are now available as commercial products, and their applications.
IS EGG CONSUMPTION ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The top ten causes of death in Singapore include many cardiovascular-related diseases such as ischaemic heart disease. The increasing prevalence of CVD poses a burden to both the economy and healthcare system of a country. Dietary habits, in particular dietary fats and cholesterol intake, have been shown to greatly influence CVD risks. Therefore, reference and adherence to relevant dietary guidelines could be crucial in CVD prevention. Recent research findings have provided novel insights into the relationship between certain dietary fats or cholesterol intake and CVD risks, challenging or reinforcing previous guidelines. These findings may, however, be conflicting, and there are still controversies over the effects of dietary fats and cholesterol as well as their association with cardiovascular risk. This review paper aims to evaluate common controversies, identify gaps in relevant research areas and summarise evidence-based dietary recommendations.
Understanding links between work climate and early care and education classroom quality

Work climate is a broad term that encompasses all facets of the work environment, other than training and education, that support or detract from employees’ ability to succeed (Whitebook, McLean, Austin, & Edwards, 2018). In this brief, we use a sample of center-based child care classrooms in Georgia to examine how different aspects that affect work climate (e.g., wages, employee benefits, teacher turnover, children per teacher, and educator stress and commitment) are related to classroom quality. More fully understanding this relationship could help states collect information about work climate as part of their own quality improvement efforts.
The Usage of Game-Based Learning in University Education. How to Motivate and Foster Creativity among Adult Students through Board Games

In the last decade, the emergence of innovative teaching methodologies such as Game-Based Learn - ing, Flipped-Classrooms or Problem-Based Learning have meant an important change in the way students learn. All these turn the student into the core of its own education process and use participative and cooperative techniques that encourage 21 st century skills as well as motivation improvement. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and evaluate the potentialities of Game-Based Learning method - ology with commercial board games in higher education with special focus on students’ motivation. This investigation was an exploratory two-stage process. The first one involved three experimental interventions in courses of six bachelor degrees of Communication and Biochemistry studies (n=196 students). In these interventions, teachers introduced commercial board games that were related with the contents of the courses and organised games among students. The second stage was data-driv - en. It was gathered through a survey among the students that had participated in the GBL interven - tions (n=87). It included questions related with the teaching methodologies experienced at university, their perceptions about games as a teaching method and the benefits of the GBL sessions with board games. Results show that GBL sessions significantly motivated students; promoted their active partic - ipation in class and developed transversal skills such as teamwork and communication.
DETTE, RISQUE MORAL ET SÉCURITÉ AÉRIENNE: RÉSULTATS EMPIRIQUES

For many years, there has been a proliferation of theoretical articles on ex-ante moral hazard without any strong empirical measure of its effect on resource allocation. In this article, we present a detailed analysis of the relationship between the financial structure of airlines and the private safety decisions of managers. We show that an increase in the debt-equity ratio is theoretically ambiguous on safety: there is a trade-off between efficiency in investment and moral hazard. All estimated models do not reject the Poisson distribution assumption. Many financial variables are significant when explaining the distribution of accidents. More particularly, our results indicate that the moral hazard effect on safety is dominated by the investment effect for carriers in good financial conditions, while the moral hazard effect dominates for those experiencing financial difficulties.
Alcohol use and compliance with road safety rules among commercial motorcyclists in Southwest Nigeria

Alcohol has been identified as one of the major causes of traffic accident as those driving under the influence of alcohol barely comply with road safety rules and regulations. This study investigated the influence of alcohol use on compliance with road safety rules among commercial motorcyclists in Southwest Nigeria. Cross sectional descriptive research of the survey type was used to conduct the study. The sample size comprised 660 registered commercial motorcyclists selected through multi stage sampling techniques. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. The reliability of the instrument was determined through Cronbach’s alpha with a reliability coefficient of 0.82. The data analysis was done using SPSS software version 19.0. The research questions were answered using descriptive analysis and correlation matrix was used to determine the association between alcohol use and factors influencing alcohol use at 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that majority of the motorcyclists 236 (39.4%) were regular users of alcohol and a significant negative correlation (r = -0.174, p<0.05) was found between alcohol use and compliance with road safety rules and regulations. It was recommended that government under the auspices of Federal Road Safety Corps should organize sensitization through on dangers of alcohol use on safe driving to commercial drivers through motorcycle parks rallies, workshops and regular health talks. Key words: Alcohol, commercial, motorcyclists, rules, compliance.
Noninvasive sensing of thermal treatments of Japanese seafood products using imaging spectroscopy

Summary The potential of imaging spectroscopy for noncontact sensing of thermal treatments experienced on Japanese kamaboko was investigated. Samples were thermally treated at 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200 °C to core temperatures of 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 °C and then promptly cooled and imaged in the short-wave near infrared spectral range of 900–2500 nm. Partial least square (PLS) regression models were developed using the whole spectral range as well as using the most important wavelengths to predict the core temperature (TC) and thermal history (TH) yielding a reasonable level of accuracy of ( = 0.86 and RMSEP = 3.9 °C) and ( = 0.83 and RMSEP = 0.29 min), respectively. Moreover, a stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was developed for identifying samples whose core temperatures reached a threshold of 65 °C. The LDA model yielded overall classification accuracy of 93.75% in both calibration and validation sets. The resulting discrimination function was then applied in a pixel-wise manner to produce understandable classification maps to exhibit the difference among samples with high accuracy.
Ab initio calculations of grain boundaries in W, Mo, Fe and W25at%Re

In this study we compute grain boundary (GB) properties for a large set of GBs in bcc transition metals with a special focus on W, Mo, Fe and W25at%Re using ab initio density functional theory (DFT) and semi-empirical second nearest neighbour modified embedded atom method (2NN-MEAM) potentials. The GB properties include GB energies, surface energies, work of separation and GB excess volume. We first identify the best simulation setup to evaluate these properties and then analyse them and compare them to various experimental data where we find a good overall agreement. In particular our results explain the experimental finding that W and Mo prefer intergranular fracture while other bcc metals prefer transgranular cleavage. We find that the used 2NN-MEAM potentials can predict general trends of GB properties but do not always reproduce the GB ground state structure and energy found with DFT.
Alteration in Hormonal level and Testicular Histomorphology in Rats Treated with Alcohol (ALC) and Cannabinol (CBN)

Cite this article: Akintayo C.O. , Ajayi T.O. , Akinsomisoye S.O. , Faeji C.O. , Adewumi A.F. & Akele Y.R. (2019). Alteration in Hormonal level and Testicular Histomorphology in Rats Treated with Alcohol (ALC) and Cannabinol (CBN). European International Journal of Science and Technology, 8(11), 41-49. 41 Alteration in Hormonal level and Testicular Histomorphology in Rats Treated with Alcohol (ALC) and Cannabinol (CBN)
Global impacts of Bt cotton

This study combines a quadratic programming model of US cotton production with a two-region trade model of the United States and Rest of World (ROW) to estimate global economic impacts of Bt cotton adoption. Simulations focused on impacts of adoption in the United States and China, the two countries that accounted for 95 percent of global Bt cotton area. The net economic benefits of Bt cotton adoption were $580 million in 2001. In the United States and China, Bt cotton adopters gained over $350 million. Higher cotton production from Bt cotton adoption led to a 1.2 cent per pound reduction in the world cotton price. Globally, purchasers of cotton benefited by $500 million from this price reduction. Lower prices, however, resulted in significant net losses for ROW producers, primarily those that did not adopt Bt cotton. In the United States, commodity program payments sheltered producers from the impacts of falling price.