Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Factors of Middle School Teachers’ Satisfaction with Online Training for Sustainable Professional Development under the Impact of COVID-19

During the COVID-19 pandemic, as offline learning activities were blocked, teachers’ training activities were moved from face-to-face to online training. Therefore, teachers had to join an increasing number of online training sessions. However, few studies have focused on teachers’ satisfaction with online training. To address this gap, based on the American user satisfaction theory model (ACSI), this study established the factors of expectation of online training quality, perceived online training quality, perceived online training value, and teacher satisfaction with online learning, and aimed to explore their relationships with six hypotheses. A total of 397 middle school teachers who had online training experience participated in the survey through an online questionnaire. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 23.0 were used to analyze the data. The results showed that (1) expectation of online training quality was positively correlated with perceived online training quality; (2) expectation of online training quality was negatively correlated with perceived online training value; (3) perceived online training quality was positively correlated with perceived online training value; and (4) perceived online training value was positively correlated with online training satisfaction. The findings imply that teachers should be informed in advance of various difficulties that may be encountered in online training, so as to reduce their expectations of online training quality. In addition, in order to improve teachers’ perceived quality and perceived value of online training, intervention strategies should be proposed, online training platforms should be optimized, and online training methods should be innovated to improve teachers’ sustainable development ability.
Entropy perturbations in N-flation

In this paper we study the entropy perturbations in N-flation by using the delta N formalism. We calculate the entropy corrections to the power spectrum of the overall curvature perturbation P(zeta). We obtain an analytic form of the transfer coefficient TRS(2), which describes the correlation between the curvature and entropy perturbations, and investigate its behavior numerically. It turns out that the entropy perturbations cannot be neglected in N-flation because the amplitude of entropy components is approximately in the same order as the adiabatic one at the end of inflation TRS(2)similar to O(1). The spectral index n(S) is calculated and it becomes smaller after the entropy modes are taken into account, i.e., the spectrum becomes redder, compared to the pure adiabatic case. Finally we study the modified consistency relation of N-flation, and find that the tensor-to-scalar ratio (r similar or equal to 0.006) is greatly suppressed by the entropy modes, compared to the pure adiabatic one (r similar or equal to 0.017) at the end of inflation.
Latent Code and Text-based Generative Adversarial Networks for Soft-text Generation

Text generation with generative adversarial networks (GANs) can be divided into the text-based and code-based categories according to the type of signals used for discrimination. In this work, we introduce a novel text-based approach called Soft-GAN to effectively exploit GAN setup for text generation. We demonstrate how autoencoders (AEs) can be used for providing a continuous representation of sentences, which we will refer to as soft-text. This soft representation will be used in GAN discrimination to synthesize similar soft-texts. We also propose hybrid latent code and text-based GAN (LATEXT-GAN) approaches with one or more discriminators, in which a combination of the latent code and the soft-text is used for GAN discriminations. We perform a number of subjective and objective experiments on two well-known datasets (SNLI and Image COCO) to validate our techniques. We discuss the results using several evaluation metrics and show that the proposed techniques outperform the traditional GAN-based text-generation methods.
Einstein gravitational wave Telescope conceptual design study

This document describes the Conceptual Design of a third generation gravitational wave observatory named Einstein Telescope (“ET”). The design of this new research infrastructure has been realised with the support of the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n 211743. In this document are described the fundamental design options, the site requirements, the main technological solutions, a rough evaluation of the costs and a schematic time plan.
Probability and measure theory

Summary of Notation Fundamentals of Measure and Integration Theory. Further Results in Measure and Integration Theory. Introduction to Functional Analysis. Basic Concepts of Probability. Conditional Probability and Expectation. Strong Laws of Large Numbers and Martingale Theory. The Central Limit Theorem. Ergodic Theory. Brownian Motion and Stochastic Integrals.
D-optimal population designs for the simple linear random coefficients regression model

In this paper D-optimal population designs for the simple linear random coefficients regression model with values of the explanatory variable taken from a set of equally spaced, non-repeated time points are considered. The D-optimal designs depend on the values of the variance components and locally optimal designs are therefore considered. It is shown that, if the time points are linearly transformed, then the D-optimal population designs for both the fixed effects and the variance components do not necessarily map onto one another. This result is illustrated numerically by means of a simple example.
Discord Empowered Quantum Illumination

Quantum illumination employs entanglement to detect reflecting objects in environments so noisy that all entanglement is destroyed. This appears paradoxical: the benefit of entanglement outlasts entanglement itself. Here we demonstrate that the resilience of quantum illumination is due to quantum discord - a more resilient form of quantum correlations. We prove a direct equality between the performance gain in quantum illumination and the amount of discord which is expended to resolve the target. Discord outlasts entanglement; and in harnessing this discord, quantum illumination outperforms all conventional techniques. This simultaneously explains why quantum illumination thrives in entanglement breaking noise, and confirms discord is a resource of immediate value.
Possible Detection of Lyα Fluorescence from a Damped Lyα System at Redshift z ~ 2.8

We have detected Lyα emission from a damped Lyα system (DLA) that lies near the bright quasar HS1549+1919. The DLA has the same redshift as HS1549+1919 and was discovered in the spectrum of a faint QSO that lies 49'' away (380 proper kpc). The emission line's luminosity, double-peaked profile, and small spatial separation from the DLA suggest that it may be fluorescent Lyα emission from gas that is absorbing the nearby QSO's radiation. If this is the case, our observations show that the DLA has a size of at least 1. ″5 and that the QSO's luminosity 1 million years ago was similar to its luminosity today. A survey for similar systems within ~1' of bright QSOs would put interesting limits on the mean quasar lifetime.
Consistent analysis of neutral- and charged-current neutrino scattering off carbon

Good understanding of the cross sections for (anti)neutrino scattering off nuclear targets in the few-GeV energy region is a prerequisite for the correct interpretation of results of ongoing and planned oscillation experiments. To clarify a possible source of disagreement between recent measurements of the cross sections on carbon, we analyze the available data within an approach based on the realistic spectral function of carbon, treating neutral-current elastic (NCE) and charged-current quasielastic (CCQE) processes on equal footing. We show that the axial mass from the shape analysis of the MiniBooNE data is in good agreement with the results reported by the BNL E734 and NOMAD Collaborations. However, the combined analysis of the NCE and CCQE data does not seem to support the contribution of multinucleon final states being large enough to explain the normalization of the MiniBooNE-reported cross sections.
Comment on ‘The advanced tokamak path to a compact net electric fusion pilot plant’

This comment (letter) examines a recent GA concept which they hope will lead to a tokamak fusion pilot plant. As tokamaks are now the closest configuration to practical magnetic fusion, if they cannot do a pilot plant, almost certainly no other device can either. The conclusion is that constructing a tokamak fusion pilot plant at this time is enormously risky, and is almost certainly tremendous waste of scarce fusion resources, which could be better used on other efforts in the fusion effort.
Procedure to minimize rotor vibrations from flow-induced excitations in Kaplan turbines

The flow pattern in the draft tube is commonly considered when investigating rotor vibration problems, especially for Francis turbines. However, phenomenon in the vaneless space for Kaplan turbines have been shown to induce rotor vibrations when operating in non-standard conditions such as speed no load (SNL). These flow disturbances develop in the vaneless space at small guide vane openings and high swirls. Depending on the number of flow disturbances and runner blades they can excite transversal, axial or torsional vibrations. In the case of transversal excitation they can in some cases cause resonance problems if the frequency is close to a natural frequency of the rotating structure. Recently it was observed that the excitation causes severe resonance in the rotating structure on a refurbished turbine when operated at SNL. The present paper presents frequency analysis of the flow-induced excitations coupled to the shaft vibrations on an old and a refurbished Kaplan turbine. To investigate the causes of the resonance problem, measurements have been performed on both the model and prototype turbine and on a twin unit with the old runner design. The measurements on the prototypes consist of pressure, shaft bending moment, and vibrations. Pressure and radial forces were measured on the model. The result shows the dependence of the runner blade opening on the transversal excitation and the frequency of the flow disturbances. The rotordynamic analysis showed the same phenomena with forward and backward precession. The results agree well between the model and prototype when measured data are normalized by the runner rotational frequency. It is proposed, when refurbishing a unit, to use measured pressures, shaft bending moment and vibrations on the prototype before the refurbishment and the new model turbine to identify critical excitation frequencies for the new prototype turbine, i.e., use the information from the tests to set rotordynamic requirements for the new prototype unit.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK

We investigate how environmental effects by gas stripping alter the growth of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and its host galaxy evolution, by means of one-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations that include both mechanical and radiative active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback effects. By changing the truncation radius of the gas distribution (Rt), beyond which gas stripping is assumed to be effective, we simulate possible environments for satellite and central galaxies in galaxy clusters and groups. The continuous escape of gas outside the truncation radius strongly suppresses star formation, while the growth of the SMBH is less affected by gas stripping because the SMBH accretion is primarily ruled by the density of the central region. As we allow for increasing environmental effects—the truncation radius decreasing from about 410 to 50 kpc—we find that the final SMBH mass declines from about 109 to 8 × 108 M☉, but the outflowing mass is roughly constant at about 2 × 1010 M☉. There are larger changes in the mass of stars formed, which declines from about 2 × 1010 to 2 × 109 M☉, and the final thermal X-ray gas, which declines from about 109 to 5 × 108 M☉, with increasing environmental stripping. Most dramatic is the decline in the total time that the objects would be seen as quasars, which declines from 52 Myr (for Rt = 377 kpc) to 7.9 Myr (for Rt = 51 kpc). The typical case might be interpreted as a red and dead galaxy having episodic cooling flows followed by AGN feedback effects resulting in temporary transitions of the overall galaxy color from red to green or to blue, with (cluster) central galaxies spending a much larger fraction of their time in the elevated state than do satellite galaxies. Our results imply that various scaling relations for elliptical galaxies, in particular, the mass ratio between the SMBH and its host galaxy, can have dispersions due to environmental effects such as gas stripping. In addition, the simulations also suggest that the increase in AGN fraction in high-redshift galaxy clusters might be related to environmental effects which shut down the SMBH mass accretion in satellite galaxies and reduce their AGN activity.
Simulation of pressure pulsations for pumped-storage units with wide operating range and comparison to experiments

The diversity of energy conversion sources in the current energy market increases the demand for stabilizing the electrical grid through ancillary services, frequency and power regulation from the facilities. Pumped-storage units with reversible pump-turbines or ternary sets constitute the currently most advanced solution for providing these services. This implies that pumped-storage units are required to operate in larger head and power ranges than before. In order to increase their flexibility in pump mode, variable speed units have been applied more frequently with additional challenges for the operating range in pump mode. The extension of the operating flexibility in pump mode makes use of a large portion of the model pump characteristic curve, especially in the case of variable speed units. Important challenges to the hydraulic development are among others the cavitation behaviour, hydraulic stability and pressure pulsation level. This study concentrates on the pressure pulsations in pump mode, which are of great relevance for the machine smooth operation. The pressure pulsations in a regulated radial reversible pump-turbine with low specific speed are numerically simulated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for several points along the complete operating range of the pump characteristic curve. The finite volume model includes the complete hydraulic machine from draft tube to spiral case and hybrid turbulence models were used, in this case scale adaptive simulation (SAS). The numerical simulation offers the possibility to assess different flow quantities at any point of the finite volume model, providing additional data to the experimental model test results. The integral quantities, e.g. head, flow and efficiency, were compared to the model test results to validate the numerical model. The simulated pressure pulsation amplitude and frequency were also compared to the measured pressure pulsations at the model at the available measuring locations in the spiral case, vaneless space and draft tube cone. After the validation, the computed flow fields were used to derive the pressure pulsation amplitude at other machine locations and components, e.g. at the runner.
Operational relevance of resource theories of quantum measurements

For any resource theory it is essential to identify tasks for which resource objects offer advantage over free objects. We show that this identification can always be accomplished for resource theories of quantum measurements in which free objects form a convex subset of measurements on a given Hilbert space. To this aim we prove that every resourceful measurement offers advantage for some quantum state discrimination task. Moreover, we give an operational interpretation of robustness, which quantifies the minimal amount of noise that must be added to a measurement to make it free. Specifically, we show that this geometric quantity is related to the maximal relative advantage that a resourceful measurement offers in a class of minimal-error state discrimination (MESD) problems. Finally, we apply our results to two classes of free measurements: incoherent measurements (measurements that are diagonal in the fixed basis) and separable measurements (measurements whose effects are separable operators). For both of these scenarios we find, in the asymptotic setting in which the dimension or the number of particles increase to infinity, the maximal relative advantage that resourceful measurements offer for state discrimination tasks.
EXPOSED LONG-LIFETIME FIRST CORE: A NEW MODEL OF FIRST CORES BASED ON RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS

A first adiabatic core is a transient object formed in the early phase of star formation. The observation of a first core is believed to be difficult because of its short lifetime and low luminosity. On the basis of radiation hydrodynamic simulations, we propose a novel theoretical model of first cores, the Exposed Long-lifetime First core (ELF). In the very low-mass molecular core, the first core evolves slowly and lives longer than 10,000 years because the accretion rate is considerably low. The evolution of ELFs is different from that of ordinary first cores because radiation cooling has a significant effect there. We also carry out a radiation-transfer calculation of dust-continuum emission from ELFs to predict their observational properties. ELFs have slightly fainter but similar spectral energy distributions to ordinary first cores in radio wavelengths, therefore they can be observed. Although the probabilities that such low-mass cores become gravitationally unstable and start to collapse are low, we still can expect that a considerable number of ELFs can be formed because there are many low-mass molecular cloud cores in star-forming regions that could be progenitors of ELFs.
Towards a better understanding of work participation among employees with common mental health problems: a systematic realist review

Objectives Common mental health problems (CMHP) represent a major health issue and burden to employees and employers. Under certain conditions work contributes to wellbeing and participation of employees with CMHP. Promoting work participation is important, however the specific conditions in which work participation occurs is complex and largely unclear. This calls for a novel, realistic approach to unravel the complex relationship between outcomes, context and underlying mechanisms of work participation. Methods In the present realist review, peer-reviewed studies conducted between 1995 and 2020 were systematically reviewed on the outcome measures ’stay at work’ (SAW) and ’work performance’ (WP). The database search from seven databases identified 2235 records, of which 61 studies met the selection criteria and methodological rigor. Results The synthesis demonstrates how work participation is promoted by the following mechanisms and contextual factors: (i) organizational climate and leadership, (ii) social support, (iii) perceived job characteristics, (iv) coping styles, (v) health symptoms and severity, (vi) personal characteristics, and (vii) features of interventions. An explanatory framework, based on the Capability-for-Work model, presents a new set of capabilities leading to SAW and WP. Conclusions This systematic realist review revealed mechanisms and contextual factors that promote both SAW and WP among employees with CMHP. These show how the organizational climate, social support in the work context, job characteristics and certain capabilities enable employees with CMHP to participate at work. Our contributions and practical implications are discussed, providing valuable insights for employers, professionals and researchers in the development of evidence-based interventions.
Nucleon resonances in AdS/QCD

We describe the electroproduction of the N(1440) Roper resonance in soft-wall AdS/QCD. The Roper resonance is identified as the first radially excited state of the nucleon, where higher-Fock states in addition to the three-quark component are included. The main conclusion is that the leading 3q component plays the dominant role in the description of electroproduction properties of this resonance: form factors, helicity amplitudes and charge densities. The obtained results are in good agreement with the recent results of the CLAS Collaboration at JLab.
SARS-CoV-2: Review of Conditions Associated With Severe Disease and Mortality

The 2019 Coronavirus Virus Disease (COVID-19) represents a global public health challenge in the twenty-first century. As of June 2020, the virus had spread across 216 countries across the globe. This paper aims to analyze and identify those existing comorbidities among COVID-19 patients that represent potential risk factors for COVID-19 complications, severe illness, and death. Multiple database resources were searched. The resources include the University of Saskatchewan library USearch, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and the Google search engine. Thirty-seven articles, which included 15 different types of chronic diseases, were selected. Among the reviewed diseases and conditions, cancer, diabetes, lymphopenia, hypertension, kidney disease, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and organ transplant were found to represent potential risk factors for COVID-19 complications, severe illness, and death. Other conditions that require further research as to whether they predispose subjects to severe illness and death include coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, valvular heart disease, gastrointestinal diseases, HIV/AIDS, asthma, and liver disease. In conclusion, this article explains the association between diseases mentioned above and the severity of COVID-19 and clearly shows the population at risk. This paper will help government bodies and decision-makers prioritize resources for these populations to reduce mortality rates and overall quality of life.
Effect of Short-Term Practice of Left Nostril Breathing on Various Sleep Parameters in the Medical Students

Background: Various recent studies have reported that exclusive right nostril breathing (RNB) and left nostril breathing (LNB) has an immediate and sustained effect under various medical conditions. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of short-term left nostril breathing on various sleep parameters in medical students. Methods: We hypothesized that the increase in vagal tone because of LNB can help in improving the quality of sleep. The baseline sleep quality was documented before the start of study in the case and the control group using the ’Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index’ (PSQI) questionnaire. A PSQI global score of more than 5 indicates poor sleep quality. The case group practiced LNB in a graduated manner for a period of 4 weeks. Thereafter, sleep quality was documented for both the groups using the PSQI questionnaire. Results: Practicing LNB significantly lowered all the seven component scores (p < 0.05) and the global PSQI score in the case group (p-value < 0.0001), suggesting that this practice effectively improved the sleep quality in the individuals of this group. Conclusions: Overall, this study suggested that exclusive LNB practice could serve as an important lifestyle modification that can be incorporated in the routine of medical students for improving their sleep quality.