Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonliquid cellular states: Gluing gauge-higher-symmetry-breaking versus gauge-higher-symmetry-extension interfacial defects

The existence of quantum non-liquid states and fracton orders, both gapped and gapless states, challenges our understanding of phases of entangled matter. We generalize Wen's cellular topological states to liquid or non-liquid cellular states. We propose a mechanism to construct more general non-abelian states by gluing gauge-symmetry-breaking vs gauge-symmetry-extension interfaces as extended defects in a cellular network, including defects of higher-symmetries. Our approach also includes the anyonic particle/string condensation and composite string (p-string)/membrane condensations. This also shows gluing the familiar extended topological quantum field theory or conformal field theory data via topology, geometry, and renormalization consistency criteria (via certain modified group cohomology or cobordism theory data) in a tensor network can still guide us to analyze the non-liquid states. (Part of the abelian construction can be understood from the K-matrix Chern-Simons theory approach and coupled-layer-by-junction constructions.) This may also lead us toward a unifying framework for quantum systems of both higher-symmetries and sub-system/sub-dimensional symmetries.
Federated Over-the-Air Subspace Learning from Incomplete Data

Federated learning refers to a distributed learning scenario in which users/nodes keep their data private but only share intermediate locally computed iterates with the master node. The master, in turn, shares a global aggregate of these iterates with all the nodes at each iteration. In this work, we consider a wireless federated learning scenario where the nodes communicate to and from the master node via a wireless channel. Current and upcoming technologies such as 5G (and beyond) will operate mostly in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) mode where transmissions from the users occupy the same bandwidth and interfere at the access point. These technologies naturally lend themselves to an "over-the-air" superposition whereby information received from the user nodes can be directly summed at the master node. However, over-the-air aggregation also means that the channel noise can corrupt the algorithm iterates at the time of aggregation at the master. This iteration noise introduces a novel set of challenges that have not been previously studied in the literature. It needs to be treated differently from the well-studied setting of noise or corruption in the dataset itself. In this work, we first study the subspace learning problem in a federated over-the-air setting. Subspace learning involves computing the subspace spanned by the top $r$ singular vectors of a given matrix. We develop a federated over-the-air version of the power method (FedPM) and show that its iterates converge as long as (i) the channel noise is very small compared to the $r$-th singular value of the matrix; and (ii) the ratio between its $(r+1)$-th and $r$-th singular value is smaller than a constant less than one. The second important contribution of this work is to show how over-the-air FedPM can be used to obtain a provably accurate federated solution for subspace tracking in the presence of missing data.
Applying Tensor Decomposition to image for Robustness against Adversarial Attack

Nowadays the deep learning technology is growing faster and shows dramatic performance in computer vision areas. However, it turns out a deep learning based model is highly vulnerable to some small perturbation called an adversarial attack. It can easily fool the deep learning model by adding small perturbations. On the other hand, tensor decomposition method widely uses for compressing the tensor data, including data matrix, image, etc. In this paper, we suggest combining tensor decomposition for defending the model against adversarial example. We verify this idea is simple and effective to resist adversarial attack. In addition, this method rarely degrades the original performance of clean data. We experiment on MNIST, CIFAR10 and ImageNet data and show our method robust on state-of-the-art attack methods.
The moving discontinuous Galerkin finite element method with interface condition enforcement for compressible viscous flows

The moving discontinuous Galerkin finite element method with interface condition enforcement is applied to the case of viscous flows. This method uses a weak formulation that separately enforces the conservation law, constitutive law, and the corresponding interface conditions in order to provide the means to detect interfaces or underresolved flow features. To satisfy the resulting overdetermined weak formulation, the discrete domain geometry is introduced as a variable, so that the method implicitly fits a priori unknown interfaces and moves the grid to resolve sharp, but smooth, gradients, achieving a form of anisotropic curvilinear r‐adaptivity. This approach avoids introducing low‐order errors that arise using shock capturing, artificial dissipation, or limiting. The utility of this approach is demonstrated with its application to a series of test problems culminating with the compressible Navier–Stokes solution to a Mach 5 viscous bow shock for a Reynolds number of 105 in two‐dimensional space. Time accurate solutions of unsteady problems are obtained via a space‐time formulation, in which the unsteady problem is formulated as a higher dimensional steady space‐time problem. The method is shown to accurately resolve and transport viscous structures without relying on numerical dissipation for stabilization.
Criteria for the numerical constant recognition

The need for recognition of numerical (decimal, floating-point) constants in terms of elementary functions emerges in many areas of experimental mathematics, numerical analysis, computer algebra systems, model building, approximation and data compression. However, existing solutions are plagued by lack of any criteria distinguishing between random formula, matching literally decimal expansion (i.e. approximation) and probable "exact" (or at least probable) expression match in the sense of Occam's razor. In particular, convincing STOP criteria for search were never developed. In article, such a criteria, working in statistical sense, are provided. Recognition process can be viewed as (1) enumeration of all formulas in order of increasing Kolmogorov complexity (2) random process with appropriate statistical distribution (3) compression of a decimal string. All three approaches are remarkably consistent, and provide essentially the same limit for practical depth of search. Tested unique formulas count must not exceed 1/sigma, where sigma is relative numerical error of the target constant. Beyond that, further search is pointless, because, in the view of approach (1), number of equivalent expressions within error bounds grows exponentially; in view of (2), probability of random match approaches 1; in view of (3) compression ratio much smaller than 1.
Regional Registration of Whole Slide Image Stacks Containing Highly Deformed Artefacts

Background: High resolution 2D whole slide imaging provides rich information about the tissue structure. This information can be a lot richer if these 2D images can be stacked into a 3D tissue volume. A 3D analysis, however, requires accurate reconstruction of the tissue volume from the 2D image stack. This task is not trivial due to the distortions that each individual tissue slice experiences while cutting and mounting the tissue on the glass slide. Performing registration for the whole tissue slices may be adversely affected by the deformed tissue regions. Consequently, regional registration is found to be more effective. In this paper, we propose an accurate and robust regional registration algorithm for whole slide images which incrementally focuses registration on the area around the region of interest. Results: Using mean similarity index as the metric, the proposed algorithm (mean +- std: 0.84 +- 0.11) followed by a fine registration algorithm (0.86 +- 0.08) outperformed the state-of-the-art linear whole tissue registration algorithm (0.74 +- 0.19) and the regional version of this algorithm (0.81 +- 0.15). The proposed algorithm also outperforms the state-of-the-art nonlinear registration algorithm (original: 0.82 +- 0.12, regional: 0.77 +- 0.22) for whole slide images and a recently proposed patch-based registration algorithm (patch size 256: 0.79 +- 0.16 , patch size 512: 0.77 +- 0.16) for medical images. Conclusion: The proposed algorithm is a more robust and accurate solution to the problem of regional registration of whole slide images in existence of highly deformed regions in the imaged tissue.
Deep Residual-Dense Lattice Network for Speech Enhancement

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with residual links (ResNets) and causal dilated convolutional units have been the network of choice for deep learning approaches to speech enhancement. While residual links improve gradient flow during training, feature diminution of shallow layer outputs can occur due to repetitive summations with deeper layer outputs. One strategy to improve feature re-usage is to fuse both ResNets and densely connected CNNs (DenseNets). DenseNets, however, over-allocate parameters for feature re-usage. Motivated by this, we propose the residual-dense lattice network (RDL-Net), which is a new CNN for speech enhancement that employs both residual and dense aggregations without over-allocating parameters for feature re-usage. This is managed through the topology of the RDL blocks, which limit the number of outputs used for dense aggregations. Our extensive experimental investigation shows that RDL-Nets are able to achieve a higher speech enhancement performance than CNNs that employ residual and/or dense aggregations. RDL-Nets also use substantially fewer parameters and have a lower computational requirement. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RDL-Nets outperform many state-of-the-art deep learning approaches to speech enhancement. Availability: https://github.com/nick-nikzad/RDL-SE.
Family Features of Social Withdrawal Syndrome (Hikikomori)

Background: Family may play an important role in the origin, maintenance, and treatment of people with social withdrawal. The aim of this study is to analyze family factors related to social withdrawal syndrome. Methods: Socio-demographic, clinical, and family data, including family psychiatric history, dysfunctional family dynamics, and history of family abuse were analyzed in 190 cases of social withdrawal with a minimum duration of 6 months that started an at-home treatment program. Data were analyzed at baseline and at 12 months. Results: In 36 cases (18%) neither the patient nor the family allowed at home evaluation and treatment by the Crisis Resolution Home Treatment (CRHT) team. Patients had high rates of dysfunctional family dynamics (n = 115, 61.5%), and family psychiatric history (n = 113, 59.3%), especially maternal affective (n = 22, 42.9%), and anxiety disorders (n = 11 20.4%). There was a non-negligible percentage of family maltreatment in childhood (n = 35, 20.7%) and single-parent families (n = 66, 37.8%). Most of the cases lived with their families (n = 135, 86%), had higher family collaboration in the therapeutic plan (n = 97, 51.9%) and families were the ones to detect patient isolation and call for help (n = 140, 73.7%). Higher social withdrawal severity (as defined by at least one of: early age of onset, no family collaboration, lack of insight, higher CGSI score, and higher Zarit score), was associated with family psychiatric history, dysfunctional family dynamics, and family abuse history. All of these predictive variables were highly correlated one to each other. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of family psychiatric history, dysfunctional family dynamics, and traumatic events in childhood (family maltreatment), and these factors are closely interrelated, highlighting the potential role of family in the development and maintenance of social withdrawal.
A Case Study on the Differences in Scores of Undergraduate Students in Traditional, Online, and Hybrid Classes

The primary purpose of this research was to ascertain whether there are variances in academic performance between students taking an educational technology course in traditional, online, and hybrid learning environments. As a secondary goal, the study assessed the differences in academic performance of male and female students in these classes. All students in this study held an undergraduate status of junior or above. They had earned a minimum of 45 hours and had a minimum 2.75 overall GPA. These students also passed the certification test for state educators and had been accepted as teacher candidates of the College of Education in the Teacher Education Department at a state university in the southwestern part of the United States. The state university was designated by the United States Department of Education as a postsecondary minority institution. The students were given identical instructions and rubrics for a WebQuest project. Two different instructors taught each of the three types of classes in the study. The results were analyzed through quantitative investigation of the students’ scores for their individual projects. The WebQuest scores of a total of 1,052 students were collected over 14 semesters (fall 2009 through spring 2016). The scores involved students in 48 one-semester classes (16 traditional, 16 online, and 16 hybrid). Each instructor taught the students in eight of each of the three types of classroom settings, for a total of 24 classes for each instructor. The study was a casual-comparative research (ex post facto). Findings from the study may provide educators and curriculum specialists a resource for building better curricula and instruction for undergraduate classes offered in either traditional, online, or hybrid format; encourage academic institutions and policymakers to invest in learning systems in a variety of forms; and encourage students to access online and hybrid classes without concern about quality implications.
EJAL Article template

Academically, citation is pivotal since it presents justifications for the arguments and a demonstration of the writer’s position. Despite the increasing number of studies on citations, little knowledge has been reported regarding the citation use and practices of EFL students within the ESL context. Hence, the present study aimed at investigating the extent of variation in the citation practices in the literature review of PhD theses in Applied Linguistics and Information Technology. The study analysed the citations qualitatively focusing mainly on several aspects, including using types of citations, the variety of the citations based on the type of the clauses in each citation, and the perspectives of EFL Arab postgraduates on using citations. A purposeful sampling was adopted in selecting the literature review of 20 PhD theses and nine EFL Arab candidates of Applied Linguistics and Information Technology. The results show the dominance of the integral citation in the literature review of Applied Linguistics and Information technology. The inter-disciplinary comparison also reported similarity in terms of the high frequency of using citations with clauses complexes. The discourse-based interviews revealed that EFL Arab postgraduates depended on the integral citation to highlight ideas, attract the reader’s attention, affirm the credibility of the cited information, and refer to the type of the information. The little available information on using citations and the possible effect of their native language may lead EFL Arab postgraduates to have their own strategies regarding citations use. Consequently, EFL postgraduate students probably need explicit instructions on the use of citations. © 2019 EJAL & the Authors. Published by Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics (EJAL). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY-NC-ND) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Editing Myosin VB Gene to Create Porcine Model of Microvillus Inclusion Disease, With Microvillus-lined Inclusions and Alterations in Sodium Transporters.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is caused by inactivating mutations in the myosin VB gene (MYO5B). MVID is a complex disorder characterized by chronic, watery, life-threatening diarrhea that usually begins in the first hours to days of life. We developed a large animal model of MVID to better understand its pathophysiology. METHODS Pigs were cloned by transfer of chromatin from swine primary fetal fibroblasts, which were edited with TALENs and single strand oligonucleotide to introduce a P663 to L663 substitution in the endogenous swine MYO5B (corresponding to the P660L mutation in human MYO5B, associated with MVID) to fertilized oocytes. We analyzed duodenal tissues from patients with MVID (with the MYO5B P660L mutation) and without (controls), and from pigs, using immunohistochemistry. Enteroids were generated from pigs with MYO5B(P663L) and without the substitution (control pigs). RESULTS Duodenal tissues from patients with MVID lacked MYO5B at the base of the apical membrane of intestinal cells; instead MYO5B was intracellular. Intestinal tissues and derived enteroids from MYO5B(P663L) piglets had reduced apical levels and diffuse sub-apical levels of NHE3 and SGLT1, which regulate transport of sodium, glucose, and water, compared with tissues from control piglets. However, intestinal tissues and derived enteroids from MYO5B(P663L) piglets maintained CFTR on apical membranes, like tissues from control pigs. Liver tissues from MYO5B(P663L) piglets had alterations in BSEP, a transporter that facilitates bile flow, which is normally expressed in the bile canaliculi in the liver. CONCLUSIONS We developed a large animal model of MVID that has many features of the human disease. Studies of this model could provide information about the functions of MYO5B and MVID pathogenesis, and might lead to new treatments.
Orally Administration Effect of Sumac on Blood Sugar in Rat

Sumac is an Iranian traditional spice which is widely used in the Iran. In general, sumac can grow in nonagriculturally viable regions, and has a long history of use by indigenous people formedicinal and other purposes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of orally administration of Sumac on Blood sugar in Rat. 40 Adult Wistar male albino rats weighing between 250 and 300 g were used for the study. Animals were divided randomly into four groups, consisting of ten animals each. All the groups were treated for 28 consecutive days with dosages of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg for treatment groups, respectively. Blood samples were collected in days of 0, 7, 14 and 28 from retro-orbital plexus. The blood sugar was assayed using standard kits. According to results of present study a significance increase in levels of blood sugar after administration of sumac were observed. The findings demonstrate that sumac can be increased the blood sugar therefore in diabetic patient be considered. Key word: Sumac, Blood sugar, orally administration, Rat.
Combustion

Combustion modelling is an important science focused on the study of chemically reactive flows for applications of power and propulsion. The correct prediction of the flow dynamics and heat release in combustion devices has important implications in the fuel consumption, efficiency, stability and pollutant emissions in many engineering and energy systems. In particular, turbulent combustion is of great importance since most of practical flows are turbulent.
Comparative Effects of Foreign Direct Investment from China and Other Sources on Africa’s Economic Growth

This study examines comparatively the growth effects of FDI from China, the European Union, the US and the rest of Asia in Sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2003–2012. We develop theoretical arguments from the existing literature to show that differences in FDI data sources, methodological and econometric approaches may be part of the explanation for mixed findings of previous empirical studies, precisely on the growth effects of Chinese FDI in Africa. Our results using bilateral FDI data compiled by UNCTAD, the FDI-augmented version of the Solow growth model and the 2SLS estimator indicate a significantly negative direct impact of Chinese FDI on growth in Sub-Saharan Africa while the impact of other FDI sources is statistically insignificant. JEL Classification: B22, E22, F43
Adaptation practices of climate change in agriculture by the farmers of Phulbari upazila of Kurigram district in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural country (BBS, 1993). Bangladesh is frequently cited as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change (Huq and Ayers, 2007; Rahman and Alam, 2003) because of its disadvantageous geographic location; flat and lowlying topography; high population density; high levels of poverty; reliance of many livelihoods on climate sensitive sectors, particularly agriculture and fisheries and inefficient institutional aspects (Cell, 2006). The major elements of climate change including temperature and precipitation has been gradually changing over the period (MOEF, 2005). Abstract
Semantic Unification

Language and communication are about the exchange of meaning. A key feature of understanding and producing language is the construction of complex meaning from more elementary semantic building blocks. The functional characteristics of this semantic unification process are revealed by studies using event related brain potentials. These studies have found that word meaning is assembled into compound meaning in not more than 500 ms. World knowledge, information about the speaker, co‐occurring visual input and discourse all have an immediate impact on semantic unification, and trigger similar electrophysiological responses as sentence‐internal semantic information. Neuroimaging studies show that a network of brain areas, including the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left superior/middle temporal cortex, the left inferior parietal cortex and, to a lesser extent, their right hemisphere homologues are recruited to perform semantic unification.
Why Can ’ t We Get Around ? ” Travelling Under Constraints in Metro Vancouver Ren " omas

Résumé Des chercheurs ont récemment observé la diminution du nombre d’enfants et d’adolescents qui se rendent à l’école à pied ou à bicyclette. Mais peu d’entre eux se sont penchés sur les jeunes adultes et les recherches sur les jeunes en général ne tiennent pas compte du transport en commun, bien que dans les municipalités canadiennes les jeunes l’utilisent abondamment. Comment, où et pourquoi les jeunes se déplacent-ils? Cette étude a examiné les habitudes de déplacement à caractère social des adolescents (17-21) et des jeunes adultes (22-25) en région métropolitaine de Vancouver. Des sessions de discussion et des cartes de déplacement produites par des jeunes ont révélé certaines contraintes pour les déplacements des jeunes, mais aussi une conscience des enjeux environnementaux plus larges relatifs au transport. S’ils avaient accès à un système de transport en commun viable, les jeunes pourraient di* érer l’achat d’une voiture, ce qui aurait des conséquences importantes pour l’aménagement durable du transport dans les municipalités et les régions.
The Impact of Trust in Consumer Protection on Internet Shopping Behavior: An Empirical Study using a Large Official Dataset from the European Union

The European Union (EU) expends a lot of effort on institution-based consumer protection initiatives, so I have evaluated their effectiveness in terms of explaining the online shopping behavior of Europeans. By applying a logistic regression model analysis to a large official dataset from the European Commission, I found that user trust in consumer protection only had a limited influence on online shopping behavior, showing the ineffectiveness of past initiatives and strengthening the need for a Digital Single Market EU-strategy.