Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetorotational Effects on Anisotropic Neutrino Emission and Convection in Core-Collapse Supernovae

We perform a series of two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the magnetorotational collapse of a supernova core. We employ a realistic equation of state and take into account electron capture and neutrino transport by the so-called leakage scheme. Recent stellar evolution calculations imply that the magnetic fields of the toroidal components are much stronger than the poloidal ones at the presupernova stage. In this study we systematically investigate the effects of the toroidal magnetic fields on the anisotropic neutrino radiation and convection. Our results show that the shapes of the shock wave and the neutrino spheres generally become more oblate for the models whose profiles of rotation and the magnetic field are shell type and become, in contrast, more prolate for the models whose profiles of rotation and the magnetic field are cylindrical than for the corresponding models without the magnetic fields. Furthermore, we find that magnetorotational instability induced by nonaxisymmetric perturbations is expected to develop within the prompt-shock timescale. Combined with the anisotropic neutrino radiation, which heats matter near the rotational axis preferentially, the growth of the instability may enhance the heating near the axis. This might suggest that magnetar formation is accompanied by a jetlike explosion.
Procurement skills and procurement performance in public organizations: The mediating role of procurement planning

Abstract Skills are important qualities that procurement practitioners should have because they are relevant to procurement activities. Given its significance, this study investigates the influence of procurement skills on procurement performance in public organizations in Tanzania. Furthermore, the study investigates the mediating effect of procurement planning on the relationship between procurement skills and procurement performance. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with data collected from public procurement practitioners in Dodoma City, Tanzania, using a structured questionnaire. To ascertain the hypothesized relationships, structural equation modeling was used. The findings indicate that procurement skills have a positive and significant influence on procurement performance in Tanzanian public organizations. Furthermore, procurement skills and procurement planning are significant and positively related and procurement planning significantly influences procurement performance. Finally, procurement skills have an indirect influence on procurement performance through procurement planning. The study concludes that procurement planning mediates the relationship between procurement skills and procurement performance. Therefore, procurement skills should be used to improve procurement planning in public organizations and procurement performance. In this regard, public organizations should ensure that practitioners are adequately trained to improve their skills in preparing and implementing procurement plans for improving procurement performance in their respective organizations.
Spectral‐Line Profiles in Daytime Skylight

The 1.2 m telescope and coudé spectrograph at our Elginfield Observatory was used to investigate the suitability of daytime skylight as a reference spectrum for astrophysical work. We show that with sufficient care, skylight does give the flux (or disk‐integrated) spectrum of the Sun, allowing direct comparison with other stars. The line profiles in skylight become shallower with increasing angular separation from the Sun up to ≈100°, and then for larger angles they deepen slightly again. The amplitude of this variation is typically 3%–4% of the depth of the line. If the profiles are normalized to their central depths, their shapes remain unaltered. This implies that astrophysical analyses based on the shapes of spectral lines or ratios of depths of spectral lines in skylight should not be seriously affected. However, equivalent widths are not conserved; they can be reduced by up to the same 3%–4% unless care is taken to observe the sky close to the Sun or unless the angular variation is measured, as described here, and corrections applied. The skylight variations can be explained as a combination of aerosol and Rayleigh‐Brillouin scattering. There is no discernible dependence with altitude of the Sun, ruling out a significant ground‐albedo effect.
OSCILLATORY PROPERTIES OF LINEAR THIRD- ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Separation theorems, distribution of zeros of solu- tions, and disconjugacy criteria for linear third-order differential equations are discussed. For instance, it is proved that the equa- tion y"'-+py"-+qy'1+ry=O, where pEC", q E C', and rEC on an interval I, is disconjugate on I if p does not change sign and if q_O, r_O, q-2p'
The role of receptor‐mediated activities of 4‐ and 5‐ring unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in developmental toxicity

The present study evaluated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor‐α (ER‐α), and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) mediated activities of nine 4‐ and 5‐ring unsubstituted and monomethylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a series of Chemical‐Activated LUciferase gene eXpression (CALUX) assays. The potential role of these aforementioned receptors in relation to the developmental toxicity of these PAHs was further assessed in the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET). The results show that all nine tested PAHs were AhR agonists, benz[a]anthracene (BaA) and 8‐methyl‐benz[a]anthracene (8‐MeBaA) were ER‐α agonists, and none of the tested PAHs induced ER‐α antagonistic or RAR (ant)agonistic activities. In the AhR CALUX assay, all the methylated PAHs showed higher potency (lower EC50) in activating the AhR than their respective unsubstituted PAHs, implying that the addition of a methyl substituent on the aromatic ring of PAHs could enhance their AhR‐mediated activities. Co‐exposure of zebrafish embryos with each individual PAH and an AhR antagonist (CH223191) counteracted the observed developmental retardations and embryo lethality to a certain extent, except for 8‐methyl‐benzo[a]pyrene (8‐MeBaP). Co‐exposure of zebrafish embryos with either of the two estrogenic PAHs (i.e., BaA and 8‐MeBaA) and an ER‐α antagonist (fulvestrant) neutralized embryo lethality induced by 50 μM BaA and the developmental retardations induced by 15 μM 8‐MeBaA. Altogether, our findings suggest that the observed developmental retardations in zebrafish embryos by the PAH tested may partially be AhR‐ and/or ER‐α‐mediated, whereas the RAR seems not to be relevant for the PAH‐induced developmental toxicity in the ZET.
Elevated CO2 counteracts effects of water stress on woody rangeland-encroaching species.

The ubiquity of woody plant expansion across many rangelands globally has led to the hypothesis that the global rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is a global driver facilitating C3 woody plant expansion. Increasing [CO2] also influences precipitation patterns seasonally and across the landscape, which often results in the prevalence of drought in rangelands. To test the potential for [CO2] to facilitate woody plant growth, we conducted a greenhouse study for 150 days to measure CO2 effects on juveniles from four woody species (C. drummondii, R. glabra, G. triacanthos and J. osteosperma) that are actively expanding into rangelands of North America. We assessed chronic water-stress (nested within CO2 treatments) and its interaction with elevated [CO2] (800 ppm) on plant growth physiology for 84 days. We measured leaf-level gas exchange, tissue-specific starch concentrations and biomass. We found that elevated [CO2] increased photosynthetic rates, intrinsic water-use efficiencies, and leaf starch concentrations in all woody species but at different rates and concentrations. Elevated [CO2] increased leaf starch levels for C. drummondii, G. triacanthos, J. osteosperma, and R. glabra by 90%, 39%, 68%, and 41% respectively. We also observed that elevated [CO2] ameliorated the physiological effects of chronic water stress for all our juvenile woody species within this study. Elevated [CO2] diminished the impact of water stress on the juvenile plants, potentially alleviating an abiotic limitation to woody plant establishment in rangelands, thus facilitating the expansion of woody plants in the future.
Magnetic properties of the quaternary alloy with the mixtures of integer and half-integer spins

ABSTRACT The ferrimagnetic-ferromagnetic-ferrimagnetic quaternary alloy consisting of the spins , , and in the form of with B, C and D being the possible nearest-neighbors of A with the probabilities p, q and r, respectively, is investigated in terms of the mean field theory (MFT) based on the Bogoliubov inequality for free energy. The thermal behaviors of magnetizations belonging to the individual spins and total magnetization are examined in detail to map the possible phase diagrams on various planes. It was found that the model only exhibits second-order phase transitions in addition to one compensation temperature for appropriate values of the system parameters. In order to support the existence of the compensation temperatures, we have also carried out the Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and an agreement was shown with the predicted result of the MFT approach. We have also analyzed the effects of the bilinear interaction parameter between type-A atoms and the exchange interaction parameter ratio ( is the bilinear interaction parameter between type-A atoms and type-X atoms with X = C or D) on compensation temperatures. Our findings are compared to those reported in the literature and suitable agreements are observed.
Modeling of output characteristics in erbium-doped fiber ring lasers for effective active fiber lengths and input pump powers

Erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFL) are attracting a great deal of attention in the optical communications industry. This is due mainly to the fact that the gain spectrums of these lasers are well matched to the output spectrum of erbium doper fiber amplifiers (EDFA) in the 1550 nm operating window. Many different configurations for the fiber lasers have been developed in recent years. The two most popular are ring and linear cavity lasers. Ring lasers can be designed to have a large tuning range when consideration is given to active fiber length and output coupling ratios. Here an erbium-doped fiber ring laser is modeled for comparison of input pump powers and active fiber lengths. Theoretical analysis is given based on values of optical component losses for couplers, isolators, and tuning elements. We will present the laser output powers that are dependent on the output couplers reflectivity for a range of optical pump powers and various active fiber lengths.
Virtual Museum of Tsunami Project for Increasing Awareness of Disaster Risk Potential in Physics Class

Virtual Reality (VR) development is expected to answer the problem of learning loss in education, especially in disaster mitigation studies. Using VR with artificial environments of scenes and objects appearing to be real, various disaster scenarios were made possible to learn. When this computer-enhanced learning was introduced to high school students, it could reduce both limitations and challenges of real-world learning. Visena (Virtual Museum of Tsunami) is virtual reality-based learning media in the form of a virtual museum which helps students understand the concept of waves and increase awareness of disaster risk potential in earthquakes and tsunamis. This study aims to test the validity, effectiveness, and practicality of Visena when it is implemented in a classroom setting. Visena was developed during the study using a 4D model of define, design, develop, and disseminate. Visena learning media were classified as very valid according to the validation process results. Student’s response were categorized very good despite a limited trial of Visena in class. Some students showed good performance with significant results when using Visena. It is recommended to use a smartphone to reduce dizziness when using glasses, and the material should be adjusted to the characteristics of the students. Therefore, an introduction to learning material and teacher assistance is needed.
NGC 7213 - A key to the nature of liners?

New optical spectra of the nearby S0 galaxy NGC 7213 are analyzed. The observations are described and a brief overview of the spectrum is given. The subtraction of the stellar component is presented, and the measurement of various emission lines is discussed in detail. Important physical parameters are derived, including those pertaining to atomic data, line widths, physical conditions, geometry and kinematics, the Balmer decrement, and ultraviolet emission lines. The Seyfert characteristics of NGC 7213 are reviewed, and the galaxy's shock features are reconciled with photoionization models. The presented arguments may apply to classical liners as well. Theoretical models that can help explain the relationships discovered among the emission lines are examined.
Recursively generated B-spline surfaces on arbitrary topological meshes

This paper describes a method for recursively generating surfaces that approximate points lying-on a mesh of arbitrary topology. The method is presented as a generalization of a recursive bicubic 8-spline patch subdivision algorithm. For rectangular control-point meshes, the method generates a standard 8-spline surface. For nonrectangular meshes, it yenerates surfaces that are shown to reduce to a standard 8-spline surface except at a small number of points, called extraordinary points. Therefore, everywhere except at these points the surface is continuous in tangent and curvature. At the extraordinary points, the pictures of the surface indicate that the surface is at least continuous in tangent, but no proof of continuity is given. A similar algorithm for biquadratic 8-splines is also presented.
Review of the Modelling of Slush Hydrogen Flows

In the perspective of mass savings related to future launchers, the use of slush hydrogen as propellant is attractive. Due to its higher density, the use of slush hydrogen could lead to the mass reduction of propellant and the utilisation of smaller tanks. However, the use of slush hydrogen in rocket engines presents different challenges. The first one is the production of slush hydrogen. Other aspects are the problems induced by the use of slush in a propulsion system: slush flow in pipes and singularities, design of a compatible turbopump and injection of slush in a combustion chamber. In order to prepare numerical tools for supporting future technical activities, ISA has undertaken a large effort in the direction of the modelling of slush hydrogen flows. The work has been split in two parts: the engineering modelling for slush flows in pipe lines and the preparation of more advanced models. At first, an extensive review of the available studies on this topic reported in the literature has been undertak.
Effect of sex on meat quality characteristics

The goal of the current work was to determine the quality of male and female cattle and buffalo meat, as well as a trial for improving meat quality by feeding the experimental groups from cattle and buffalo for four months in rations containing 16.5% protein. During the year 2021, eighty samples of cattle and buffalo were obtained from butcher shops in Luxor, Egypt. The samples were divided into four categories: male cattle, female cattle, male buffalo
Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of 13-, 55-, and 147-atom clusters of Fe, Co, and Ni: A spin-polarized density functional study

Atomic clusters of 13, 55, and 147 atoms of Fe, Co, and Ni with several values of total magnetic moments were scanned, and minimum of total energy with respect to the total magnetic moment was searched using ab initio calculations based on spin-polarized density functional theory. After complete structural relaxation the icosahedral and cuboctahedral clusters retain their initial structural symmetry. However, anticuboctahedral ${\text{Fe}}_{13}$, after complete structural relaxation, adopted bcc-like structure while anticuboctahedral ${\text{Co}}_{13}$ and ${\text{Ni}}_{13}$ finally adopted ${C}_{2V}$ symmetry. It was found that icosahedral structures are lower in energy than octahedral structures at all total magnetic moments. The cohesive energy and nearest-neighbor interatomic distance increase toward the bulk value as size of the cluster is increased. The electronic and magnetic structures of a cluster are sensitive to interatomic distance, size, and geometrical symmetry of the cluster. The local magnetic moment of surface atom increases almost linearly while local magnetic moment of center atom increases nonmonotonically as total magnetic moment of cluster is increased. The ${M}_{13}$ and ${M}_{55}$ ($M=\text{Fe}$, Co, Ni) atomic clusters are half metallic in the sense that highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy gap is very small for minority spin as compared to that for majority-spin component. However, 147-atom clusters are metallic as the HOMO-LUMO energy gap for both spin components is zero or nearly zero.
Assessment of production traits and lactation wise economics of buffalo in Punjab state of India

Buffalo is considered as the dairy animal for modern times due to its higher adaptability and productivity in the changing climatic conditions. In India, large part of the milk production comes from small and medium dairy farmers. Buffalo contributes 45.44% to the total milk production in India. With only 3.65% of the total buffalo population of India, Punjab contributes 7.91% of the total buffalo milk production. In Punjab, around 70% milk production comes from small and medium dairy farms with herd size of 2 to 10 animals, another 25% from large/commercial herds and the rest from domestic (1%) and peri-urban dairies (4%), which are concentrated around big cities. In Punjab, buffaloes produce about 56.38% of the total annual milk production in the state. The current study was conducted in three agro-climatic zones of Punjab by selected 90 buffaloes farmers in the district viz. Hoshiarpur, Patiala and Mansa by simple random sampling method. The economics of buffalo was calculated on lactation basis. The average age at 1st calving was 43 months, and inter-calving period was 469 days, lactation length (days) was 281 days, dry period (days) was 188 days, average milk yield (liters/day) was 8.3 lts/day. The lactation-wise total cost of rearing buffalo was highest in 2nd lactation i.e. Rs. 95393 and the net profit was Rs. 52335 in 4th lactation period. Thus, buffaloes contribute positively to the income which makes its rearing beneficial financially.
Numerical investigation of a combined lattice Boltzmann-level set method for three-dimensional multiphase flow

We simulate rising bubbles using a hybrid lattice Boltzmann scheme based on the lattice BGK model coupled with the level set method (Thömmes et al., 2009. A lattice Boltzmann method for immiscible multiphase flow simulations using the level set method. Journal of Computational Physics). This method uses special boundary conditions at the interface between the two phases which realise the macroscopic jump conditions on the kinetic level and incorporate surface tension into the model. Previous experience with the approach has already demonstrated that it is feasible over a wide range of density and viscosity differences. We utilise this method to simulate the classical immiscible multiphase problem of rising bubbles driven by buoyancy forces. In particular, simulations with large density ratios are performed. The numerical results are compared with available reference solutions.
Effect of skipping breakfast on cognition and learning in young adults

Introduction and Aim: Consumption of breakfast has been commonly associated with cognitive parameters among school children and adolescents. The current cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of breakfast consumption/omission on cognitive functioning and learning among young adults. Materials and Methods: Sixty college-going students, divided into two groups such as breakfast consumers and breakfast skippers were asked to fill a physical condition-based study questionnaire. The results of which were assessed along with the performances given in a collective cognition-based task. The obtained data was retained and later analyzed by GraphPad Prism (version 5). Results: The overall performance, attentiveness, response time and alertness were significantly higher among the college-going breakfast consumers when compared to breakfast skippers thereby highlighting the importance of daily consumption of breakfast among young adults. Conclusion: Breakfast consumption is of paramount importance among college going students, omission of which could influence cognitive performances and behavioral aspects. Hence, academic programs should promote nutritionally balanced breakfast consumption among college students.
Comparison of polar motion excitation series derived from GRACE and from analyses of geophysical fluids

Three sets of degree‐2, order‐1 harmonics of the gravity field, derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data processed at the Center for Space Research (CSR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and GeoforschungsZentrum (GFZ), are used to compute polar motion excitation functions χ1 and χ2. The GFZ and JPL excitations and the CSR χ2 excitation compare generally well with geodetically observed excitation after removal of effects of oceanic currents and atmospheric winds. The agreement considerably exceeds that from previous GRACE data releases. For the JPL series, levels of correlation with the geodetic observations and the variance explained are comparable to, but still lower than, those obtained independently from available models and analyses of the atmosphere, ocean, and land hydrology. Improvements in data quality of gravity missions are still needed to deliver even tighter constraints on mass‐related excitation of polar motion.
Anticandidal Activity of Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Lemon Peel Extract

Nanobiotechnology has developed as an effective technology for developing antimicrobial nanoparticles in an environmentally safe manner. In this study, green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPS) from zinc acetate solution by using lemon peels aqueous extract was characterized by UV–Visible Spectroscopy, High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Anticandidal activity was investigated against three clinical multidrug resistant Candida species including two Candida albicans, one Candida glabrata and one Candida krusei using four antifungal agents by disc diffusion method and antifungal activity of ZnO NPS was assayed by disc diffusion method and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Characterization studies revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles have rod shape with sizes of 13.58 30.70 nm. Notably, high rates of resistance were observed with the four tested antifungal agents against all Candida species and the antifungal activity of the synthesized ZnO NPS against Candida species were exhibited, with a maximum zone of inhibition of 24.5±0.5 mm against C. glabrata followed by C. albicans (19.5±0.5 mm) and C. krusei (16.0±0.0 mm). MIC and MFC for all Candida species were 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml respectively. The cytotoxic data indicates that ZnO NPs have half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value = 230.12 ± 9.34 μg/ml on normal human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC5). In conclusion, the study elucidates that lemon peels mediated green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles have antifungal activity against different Candida species. So that it can be developed as a novel medicine for the treatment of Candida associated infections in the near future.