Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sellers’ Behaviour in an Informational Efficient Market

Theoretically, in an informational efficient market, trading activities should have a directorial relationship. Ordinarily, the probability of making high returns should influence sellers to supply more and vice-versa ! (Karpoff, 1987). One of the basic assumptions of this theory is that information is uniformly interpreted and understood by market players (Akintoye and Asaolu 2008; Pandey, 1999). Where the assumption of uniform interpretation is relaxed and there is the possibility of different interpretations of the same information, seller behaviour may not necessarily follow the directorial postulation: but all inverse relationship may result and this could cause different behaviours in the same market (Barron and Karpoff, 2004). This study, therefore, considers the relationship between trading volume (supply) and the precision of public announcement under uniform and different interpretations, It was recommended that every seller should take enough time t0 obtain relevant market information and also to strive to understand the exact meaning of such information through attendance at seminars, conferences, training programmes, and other information media, so as to maximize investment returns.
Measurement of electron loss cross sections for 0.25‐ to 5‐keV hydrogen atoms in atmospheric gases

Absolute electron loss cross sections have been measured for fast hydrogen atoms incident on He, H2, N2, O2, CO, CO2, and CH4 in the 0.25- to 5-keV energy range important in studies of proton aurorae. The fast hydrogen atoms produced by charge transfer passed through a cell containing the target gas. The current of fast protons arising from electron loss collisions of these H atoms with the target gas was measured. Particular attention was paid to complete collection of product ions and to elimination of effects resulting from nonuniform pressure distributions near the gas cell orifices. Techniques for absolute determination of fast hydrogen atom flux are also described.
Laboratory Investigation of Bedform Geometry under Regular and Irregular Surface Gravity Waves

Abstract Bedform (ripple) geometry is an important feature in the nearshore that can significantly enhance wave energy dissipation. Ripples regulate wave transformation and influence the sediment transport phenomenon. These issues are of particular importance when determining beach erosion and investigating other coastal processes. Although numerous studies have addressed the issue of bedform geometry under surface gravity waves, no single model is considered adequate. The relative roughness and subsequent wave energy dissipation are governed by attributes that include ripple height and wavelength. The comparatively large wave tank facility at Davidson Laboratory (Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey) provided an ideal opportunity for investigating bedform features for a flat bed, as well as the novel study of a sloped sediment bed. Our results provide new data that strengthen prior relationships and demonstrate that a sloped surface may be modeled in a similar fashion to a flat sediment bed. We have successfully compared irregular waves from the laboratory to field measurements and selected an existing model that is consistent with our data. Perhaps one of the most significant conclusions from this research is that the identified models for ripple dimensions on the flat surface predict values for bedform geometry on the sloped surface as well.
The role of financial distress and fraudulent financial reporting: A mediation effect testing

Research aims: This study examines the determinants of fraudulent financial reporting with financial distress as an intervening agent.Design/Methodology/Approach: The banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2017 and 2020 comprised the study's population. One hundred-four companies comprised the entire sample, which was chosen using purposive sampling. The approach employed in this study was partial least squares (PLS)-SEM.Research findings: The results of this study found that financial targets and audit quality significantly affected financial distress. Financial distress had a significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. Financial targets and audit quality had no significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. Furthermore, audit quality significantly affected fraudulent financial reporting through financial distress. Financial targets did not significantly influence fraudulent financial reporting through financial distress.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study provides literature on the role of financial conditions and good corporate governance in preventing fraudulent financial reporting in banking companies. This study can be an insight for practitioners and academics in Indonesia and internationally. Apart from that, this study contributes to the literature on the occurrence of fraudulent financial statements mediated by financial distress, which is not widely discussed, specifically in the context of the banking industry in developing countries.Practitioner/Policy implication: The practical implication in this research is the importance for investors and creditors to be more vigilant and pay attention to corporate governance and financial conditions to reduce errors in decisions based on financial reports. In addition, the strength of good corporate governance indicates that the supervision carried out by management will take the information conveyed to stakeholders free from material misstatement so that the implementation of good corporate governance can prevent fraud. Research limitation/Implication: This study exclusively includes companies in the banking sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) between 2017 and 2020. Out of 46 companies, only 26 may be used as research objects according to the purposive sampling method.
Characterization of antibacterial properties of common spices

Antibiotics have long been trusted by physicians to treat bacterial infections. However, due to their overuse, antibiotic- resistant strains of bacteria now threaten the efficacy of many antibiotic types. We tested if 11 commonly-used spices could inhibit growth of the gram-negative bacteria, E. coli . We chose to test cinnamon, clove, thyme, oregano, cumin, garlic, black pepper, rosemary, basil, and ginger, all which have previously been suggested to have antibiotic properties. When these spices were diluted in LB agar, five spices were effective in inhibiting growth completely: clove, cinnamon, garlic, sage, and thyme. After a second round of experimentation using these spices in liquid LB cultures, the most effective spice at inhibiting growth at a low concentration was clove, with four other spices being nearly as effective. The main takeaway from these experiments is that certain spices and herbs have antibacterial effects that inhibit growth of E.coli , and these spices could show similarly promising activity towards other bacteria.
Depositional Environments of the Pitkin Formation, Northern Arkansas

ABSTRACT Paleoenvironmental analysis of the Pitkin Formation of northern Arkansas indicates deposition in intertidal and subtidal zones associated with a bioherm. The major environments of deposition are lagoon, bioherm, and oolite bank. Rocks deposited in these environments can in turn be subdivided into associated lithofacies and biofacies. Rocks of the lagoonal environment are carbonaceous marls and wackestones, siliceous spiculites, brachiopod wackestones, pelletal packstones and skeletal grainstones. Rocks of the bioherm are coral-crinoid-bryozoan-algal boundstones and intraclastic grainstones in tidal channels. The oolite bank contains cross-bedded oolitic grainstones and skeletal oolitic grainstones. A typical sequence of facies going seaward from the shore would be: carbonaceous marls and wackestones interbedded with quartzarenites and siltstones; siliceous spiculites and black calcite mudstones; brachiopod wackestones; pelletal packstones; skeletal grainstones; bryozoan-coral-crinoid-algal boundstones; and skeletal oolitic grainstones. Environmental reconstruction of the Pitkin Formation indicates a near constant shoreline with major changes in the depositional environments controlled by growth of the bioherm, and by clastic influx into the lagoon. During deposition of upper Pitkin sediments, the bioherm died and the lagoon was filled with terrigenous clay and with oolitic grainstone from the oolitic bank.
Organic matter accumulation during the Holocene in the Guadalquivir marshlands (SW Spain)

The distribution of biomarker compounds and magnetic susceptibility observed in the sediment from a 20 m core drilled in the marshlands of the estuarine region of the Guadalquivir River (southwest coast of Spain) has allowed us to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental evolution of this area during the Holocene. Several organic compounds (n‐alkanes, n‐ketones, n‐alkanols, n‐alkanoic acids and organic sulphur), as well as different biomarker ratios, have been used to show changing environmental conditions through time. These geochemical proxies suggest good preservation of the organic matter, although some diagenesis has occurred to particular organic compounds, especially the n‐alkanoic acids. Our data indicate a major allochthonous supply of terrestrial plants, with less influence from aquatic plants or algae through the core. There are markedly different palaeoenvironmental conditions between the uppermost 5 m (last 6 ka cal. B.P.) and the rest of the core. From 5 m (ca 6 ka cal. B.P.) to 19 m (ca 8 ka cal. B.P.) depth the palaeoenvironmental conditions were almost constant. Based on organic sulphur content and n‐alkane content logs, anoxic conditions prevailed from 8 to 6 ka cal. B.P., while oxic conditions with enhanced convection of water (prevalence of fluvial input), and consequently a greater organic matter supply, predominated in the upper 5 m of the core. Similarly, little variation in the magnetic susceptibility profile below 5 m indicates stable environmental conditions, while in the upper 5 m conditions shifted to one with elevated water input and clastic sediment supply. This is linked to palaeofloral alterations in the Guadiamar/Guadalquivir drainage basins and/or anthropogenic effects. We propose that from ca 8 to 6 ka cal. B.P. a stable landscape physiognomy in the surroundings of the estuarine area of the Guadalquivir River, with a predominance of pines and grassland. However, over the last 6 ka cal. B.P. a variation in the terrestrial plant biomarker compounds suggests an alternation of relatively dry and humid phases and/or the impact of human populations on altering the vegetation community have occurred. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiovascular and metabolic status in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a single-center experience

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic disorders (MD) have retained leading positions in the structure of morbidity and mortality for many years. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is also associated with a greater incidence of CVD and MD. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence and structure of CVD and MD in hospitalized patients with PHPT and to search for possible associations between these pathologies. Methods 838 patients with a verified PHPT were included in the study. The studied cohort was divided into 2 groups according to their age at the time of admission: patients aged 18 to 49 years (group A, n = 150); patients aged 50 years and older (group B, n = 688). Results There were no significant differences between two groups in parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Obesity was diagnosed in 24.2% of patients in group A and in 35.9% in group B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was more common in older patients (14.4% in group B vs. 2.6% in group A). Arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure and brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis were more frequent in older patients, occurring in 79.1%, 10.8%, 8.4%, and 84% of cases respectively. The cutoff points that increased the risk of CVD detection turned out to be age above 56 years, eGFR below 92 ml/min/1.73m2, BMI above 28.3 kg/m2. Discussion The present study demonstrated a high incidence of some CVD, as well as disorders of lipid, carbohydrate and purine metabolism in patients with PHPT.
The anomalous arctic lower stratospheric polar vortex of 1992-1993

Potential vorticity (PV) gradients defining the lower stratospheric vortex during the 1992–1993 winter were anomalously strong and persistent compared to those during the last 16 Arctic winters. For ≈3 months PV gradients were closer to typical Antarctic values than to most Arctic values. Air motion diagnostics computed for 3-dimensional air parcel trajectories confirm that the 1992–1993 Arctic lower stratospheric vortex was substantially more isolated than is typical. Such isolation will delay and reduce the export of the higher ozone typical of the winter lower stratospheric vortex to mid-latitudes. This may have contributed to the record-low total ozone amounts observed in northern mid-latitudes in 1993.
Utilization of Cassava-Jicama Composite Flour in Making Gluten-Free Biscuits with Different Types of Fats

Biscuits are a commonly consumed bakery product typically using wheat flour as a primary ingredient, rendering them unsuitable for gluten-intolerant consumers. Using cassava as a gluten-free alternative for composite flour in bakery products has been proven effective. Furthermore, jicama, which has high total dietary fiber contents, including inulin, can enhance total dietary fiber content. However, high-fiber ingredients can often produce a tough texture. To address this, fats such as butter and margarine are typically used to enhance the texture of baked products, although the use of shortening still needs to be explored. Both margarine and shortening are vegetable-based, making them more widely consumable. The production of jicama flour and gluten-free biscuits was the focus of this study. This study uses a completely randomized design with two factors: the ratio of composite flour (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40) and the type of fat (margarine and shortening). Analyses were performed on the gluten-free biscuits to determine the total dietary fiber, inulin, fat, moisture, spread ratio, color and hardness. Results indicated that biscuits made with shortening with a flour ratio of 90:10 of cassava to jicama flour are the best formulation, yielding 2.54±0.00% inulin, 6.50±0.10% total dietary fiber, 19.88±0.17% fat, 2.20±0.10% moisture content, 10.03±0.20 spread ratio, lightness (L*) value of 52.53±0.37, °Hue value of 66.78±0.51, and 869.88±16.07 g hardness. This study shows that jicama flour can be an alternative to producing composite flour for gluten-free products. Shortening, which is not commonly used in biscuit making, may be considered an alternative fat source.
Integrating multiple texture methods and NDVI to the Random Forest classification algorithm to detect tea and hazelnut plantation areas in northeast Turkey

Hazelnuts and tea are two major agricultural crops grown in the eastern Black Sea region in Turkey. Since this part of Turkey is not industrialized, most of the local people work in agriculture, making hazelnuts and tea a part of their lives. For the government side, it is crucial to keep records of the amount of harvested croplands to implement agricultural policies. In fact, the harvested area and crop type of each cadastral parcel are collected either during cadastral surveys or with the declaration of individual farmers, yet this information is mostly not up-to-date and does not reflect the current land-use status. This study aims to determine the extent and distribution of hazelnuts and tea grown areas using the Random Forest (RF) classification algorithm. Tea and hazelnuts give similar spectral reflectance values to surrounding vegetation, which makes it difficult to distinguish them using only their spectral properties. To tackle this problem, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and texture extraction methods such as the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Gabor filter were integrated with the RF algorithm, and their contributions to the success of the RF classification method were examined. WorldView-2 satellite images, which have eight multispectral bands (MS: 2 m) and one higher spatial resolution panchromatic band (PAN: 0.5 m), were used. Since the study area contains agricultural products grown in different seasons, satellite images belonging to both summer and winter periods were used. Preliminary results acquired using only spectral values indicated that the RF method gives 79.05% and 71.84% overall accuracies for summer and winter periods, respectively. Integrating texture information improves the performance of the RF algorithm such that the overall classification accuracies are increased to 83.54% and 87.89% when texture information extracted with GLCM and the Gabor filter is added. The classification performance of the winter image is also boosted to be 77.41% and 79.73% with the contribution of texture information obtained with GLCM and the Gabor filter, respectively. Finally, produced thematic maps were compared with the latest cadastral maps to validate classification results with ground truth data. The obtained results reveal the success of integrating texture features in classification since the created thematic maps are consistent with actual land use. The results also show that the crops grown on some cadastral parcels are not coherent with the most current cadastral database, which implies that the cadastral maps need to be updated.
The Palos Verdes Fault offshore Southern California: Late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution, and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys

The Palos Verdes Fault (PVF) is one of few active faults in Southern California that crosses the shoreline and can be studied using both terrestrial and subaqueous methodologies. To characterize the near‐seafloor fault morphology, tectonic influences on continental slope sedimentary processes and late Pleistocene to present slip rate, a grid of high‐resolution multibeam bathymetric data, and chirp subbottom profiles were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) along the main trace of PVF in water depths between 250 and 600 m. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from vibracores collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and ship‐based gravity cores. The PVF is expressed as a well‐defined seafloor lineation marked by subtle along‐strike bends. Right‐stepping transtensional bends exert first‐order control on sediment flow dynamics and the spatial distribution of Holocene depocenters; deformed strata within a small pull‐apart basin record punctuated growth faulting associated with at least three Holocene surface ruptures. An upper (shallower) landslide scarp, a buried sedimentary mound, and a deeper scarp have been right‐laterally offset across the PVF by 55 ± 5, 52 ± 4 , and 39 ± 8 m, respectively. The ages of the upper scarp and buried mound are approximately 31 ka; the age of the deeper scarp is bracketed to 17–24 ka. These three piercing points bracket the late Pleistocene to present slip rate to 1.3–2.8 mm/yr and provide a best estimate of 1.6–1.9 mm/yr. The deformation observed along the PVF is characteristic of strike‐slip faulting and accounts for 20–30% of the total right‐lateral slip budget accommodated offshore Southern California.
Law of Approach to Saturation for Determining Magnetic Intrinsic Behavior of BaFe12-xMnx/2Tix/2O19 and SrFe12-xMnx/2Tix/2O19

The problem with permanent magnetic materials of very high anisotropic fields is that it is still difficult to determine the intrinsic magnetic properties, when measured using a magnetometer which has a limited magnetic field. The Law of Approach to Saturation (LAS) mathematical model provides a way to measure permanent magnets, with high anisotropic fields by correcting the magnetization data of the first quadrant curve or the virgin curve of the minor hysteresis loop. In this research, a computational LAS program was conducted to compute the intrinsic magnetic properties of magnetic materials, such as saturation magnetization, anisotropy field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant. Magnetization data were obtained from permagraph measurements of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19), strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) and microwave absorbers BaFe12-xMnx/2Tix/2O19 and SrFe12-xMnx/2Tix/2O19. The convergences of magnetization were assessed to determine the effect of substitution on barium hexaferrite and strontium hexaferrite materials on saturation magnetization values, anisotropy constants and anisotropic fields.
High-pressure fractionation in rift-related basaltic magmatism: Faeroe plateau basalts

The lower 3000 m basalt stratigraphy on the Faeroe Islands shows strong positive correlation between degree of fractionation and Zr/Y ratio. This is ascribed to the presence of garnet in the cumulus assemblage during fractionation at the base of the continental crust or in the upper lithospheric mantle at 40-50 km depth. Later basaltic magmas fractionated at low pressures, which is a typical shift in fractionation regime among continental flood basalts. Seismic velocity ( V p ) for the garnet-bearing high-pressure fractionates is in excess of 7 km/s. This is comparable to velocities observed in high- V p bodies in the basal crust of Precambrian shields. High-pressure fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas may thus be an important process in generating the chemical complexity of continental flood basalts and has implications for crustal underplating.
An upwelling-induced retention area off Senegal: a mechanism to link upwelling and retention processes

In upwelling ecosystems, fish tend to avoid spawning in areas dominated by strong offshore transport and strong wind-mixing. Spawning grounds are usually located downstream of the main upwelling centres and spawning is mostly tuned to avoid the peak of the upwelling season. However, in areas such as Peru, Senegal and Cote d’Ivoire-Ghana, spawning and upwelling occur simultaneously. What are the mechanisms that allow such reproductive strategies to be successful? To attempt to answer this question, some environmental characteristics of the spawning ground of Sardinella aurita in the Senegalese upwelling system are investigated. S. aurita adults migrate from Mauritania to Senegal in early winter, following the southward extension of upwelling along the coast. Intense spawning in late spring is concentrated south of Cap Vert. There, the surface distribution of several environmental parameters is quite unusual for an upwelling area. Sea surface temperature is minimum over the shelf and increases towards and away from the coast. Chlorophyll distribution peaks nearshore. This unique surface structure is interpreted as the result of a “double cell” structure in the upwelling vertical circulation: a first cell located at the shelf break, the main upwelling cell that brings cold and nutrient-rich subsurface water to the surface, and a second cell located inshore of the shelf break. A nearshore convergence tends to trap and retain phytoplankton and other biological components. In an upwelling system with a double-cell circulation structure, the coastal cell represents a very favourable environment for fish to reproduce: eggs and larvae do not spread offshore, but are retained in the productive and relatively stable coastal waters. Clearly, therefore, upwelling is not always detrimental for larval survival. Rather, upwelling and retention can occur simultaneously and together provide a favourable reproductive habitat.