Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A stochastic model for the evolution of species with random fitness

We generalize the evolution model introduced by Guiol, Machado and Schinazi (2010). In our model at odd times a random number X of species is created. Each species is endowed with a random fitness with arbitrary distribution on $[0, 1]$. At even times a random number Y of species is removed, killing the species with lower fitness. We show that there is a critical fitness $f_c$ below which the number of species hits zero i.o. and above of which this number goes to infinity. We prove uniform convergence for the distribution of surviving species and describe the phenomena which could not be observed in previous works with uniformly distributed fitness.
On the Rainbow Tur\'an number of paths

Let $F$ be a fixed graph. The rainbow Tur\'an number of $F$ is defined as the maximum number of edges in a graph on $n$ vertices that has a proper edge-coloring with no rainbow copy of $F$ (where a rainbow copy of $F$ means a copy of $F$ all of whose edges have different colours). The systematic study of such problems was initiated by Keevash, Mubayi, Sudakov and Verstra\"ete. In this paper, we show that the rainbow Tur\'an number of a path with $k+1$ edges is less than $\left(\frac{9k}{7}+2\right) n$, improving an earlier estimate of Johnston, Palmer and Sarkar.
Canard explosion in delayed equations with multiple timescales

We analyze canard explosions in delayed differential equations with a one-dimensional slow manifold. This study is applied to explore the dynamics of the van der Pol slow-fast system with delayed self-coupling. In the absence of delays, this system provides a canonical example of a canard explosion. We show that as the delay is increased a family of `classical' canard explosions ends as a Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation occurs at the folds points of the S-shaped critical manifold.
Retention of placenta on physiological, hematological, biochemical and endocrinological profiles in crossbred cows under tropical island ecosystem

A study was carried out to assess the effect of retention of placenta (ROP) on hamatological, physiological, antioxidant and endocrinological profiles in crossbred cows under tropical island ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Each six number of cows was selected which were affected with ROP as group 2 and without ROP as group 1. These cows were in same parity in same locality with similar type management. Both the group of cows delivered healthy live calves normally and the cases were diagnosed as ROP when it failed to expel after 24 h of parturition. The ROP was removed manually as per standard procedure with aseptic measures. These affected cows were treated successfully and allowed to nurse the calves. Physiological profiles such as rectal temperature (RT), pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR) and skin temperature (ST) were measured. Blood samples were collected, analysed for hematological profiles and serum separated, analysed the antioxidant profiles such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and free radical such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hormone profiles such as estradiol 17β (E2), progesterone (P4) and cortisol (CORT) were estimated. The result revealed that the crossbred cows of ANI with ROP suffered severe anaemia. The ROP affected animals were shown significantly low level of antioxidant profiles and higher MDA level than the unaffected animal groups. Similarly endocrinological profiles revealed the affected animals were having significantly higher level of CORT, P4 and lower level of E2 than unaffected crossbred cows. It was concluded that the ROP in the present study was due to anaemia, lack of antioxidants, over production of free radicals and disturbances of endocrinological profiles.
Rapid and Sustained Effect of Ozone Major Autohemotherapy for Raynaud and Hand Edema in Systemic Sclerosis Patient: A Case Report

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disease characterized by vascular injury with endothelial cell and platelet activation, immune dysregulation with inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast activation. The Raynaud phenomenon and puffy hands and fingers are common early manifestations of the disease that have a negative impact on patients' quality of life. Vasodilators such as calcium channel blockers, PDE5 inhibitors, and prostacyclin analogs are recommended treatments, but they often have side effects and are not always effective. Ozone is an oxygen donor, an immunomodulator, an inducer of antioxidant enzymes and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase, a metabolic booster, and a stem cell activator. I report the case of a scleroderma patient treated effectively with autohemotherapy with ozone and a clear reduction of Raynaud's episodes and resolution of the edema of the hands. Furthermore, the capillaroscopic evaluation showed a rapid modification of the microcirculation which remained unchanged for months. Ozone therapy is effective to treat the Raynaud phenomenon and hand edema and should be considered, at least, as a complementary therapy to the standard of care, especially in patients who are unresponsive or with frequent adverse drug reactions. Further studies will be needed to confirm the efficacy of ozone therapy in scleroderma vasculopathy.
Loading and correlations in the interpretation of principle compenents

Principles compenents (PC) are often interpreted by looking at the loading for each variable. Variable with a small-magnitude loading are ignored and given PC is then approximated by the linear combination involving only the remaining variable. It is argued that this procedure is potentially misleading in various respects. Examples are given alternatives are suggested.
Sharp estimates of the Jacobi heat kernel

The heat kernel associated with the setting of the classical Jacobi polynomials is defined by an oscillatory sum which cannot be computed explicitly, in contrast to the situation for the two other classical systems of orthogonal polynomials. We deduce sharp estimates giving the order of magnitude of this kernel, for type parameters $\alpha,\beta \ge -1/2$. As an application of the upper bound obtained, we show that the maximal operator of the multi-dimensional Jacobi heat semigroup satisfies a weak type $(1,1)$ inequality. We also obtain sharp estimates of the Poisson-Jacobi kernel.
Analysis of failure time data under competing censoring mechanisms

Summary. We derive estimators of the survival curve of a failure time in the presence of competing right censoring mechanisms. Our approach allows for the possibility that some or all of the competing censoring mechanisms are associated with the end point, even after adjustment for recorded prognostic factors. It also allows the degree of residual association to be possibly different for distinct censoring processes. Our methods generalize from one to several competing censoring mechanisms the methods of Scharfstein and Robins.
Hanle effect from a dipolar magnetic structure: the case of the solar corona and the case of a star

Context. The context is the magnetic field measurement in external solar or stellar layers by interpreting line polarization measurements and the Hanle effect. Aims. The aim is to model the Hanle effect depolarization by integrating upon a star on the one hand, and by integrating along a line-of-sight through the solar corona on the other hand. Methods. The formalism of the atomic density matrix is recalled. Particular attention was devoted to the four axis rotations necessary to transform the magnetic field reference frame into that of the line-of-sight. Results. In the stellar case, the discrepancy between the results by Lopez Ariste et al. (2011, A&A, 527, A120) and the symmetry considerations by Ignace etal. (2011, A&A, 530, A82) is resolved. In the solar case, the computations of the hydrogen Lyα polarization by Derouich et al. (2010, A&A, 511, A7) are revisited, owing to symmetry considerations. Conclusions. In the stellar case, we confirm that the effect integrated on a star leads to a non-vanishing magnetic depolarization due to the high non-linearity of the Hanle effect. In the solar case, we find that the Hanle sensitivity of hydrogen Lyβ and Lyγ could be better adapted to the measurement of the coronal background magnetic field. They form a pair of lines of different and complementary sensitivity, which makes it possible to determine the full vector. Lyα would be instead adapted to the coronal loop magnetic field measurement, because this field is stronger and suited to the Lyα Hanle sensitivity.
On the gaps between non-zero Fourier coefficients of eigenforms with CM

Suppose $E$ is an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$ of conductor $N$ with complex multiplication (CM) by $\mathbb{Q}(i)$, and $f_E$ is the corresponding cuspidal Hecke eigenform in $S^{\mathrm{new}}_2(\Gamma_0(N))$. Then $n$-th Fourier coefficient of $f_E$ is non-zero in the short interval $(X, X + cX^{\frac{1}{4}})$ for all $X \gg 0$ and for some $c > 0$. As a consequence, we produce infinitely many cuspidal CM eigenforms $f$ level $N>1$ and weight $k > 2$ for which $i_f(n) \ll n^{\frac{1}{4}}$ holds, for all $n \gg 0$.
9. Cyclotomy, difference sets, sequences with low correlation, strongly regular graphs and related geometric substructures

In this paper, we survey constructions of and nonexistence results on combinatorial/geometric structures which arise from unions of cyclotomic classes of finite fields. In particular, we survey both classical and recent results on difference sets related to cyclotomy, and cyclotomic constructions of sequences with low correlation. We also give an extensive survey of recent results on constructions of strongly regular Cayley graphs and related geometric substructures such as $m$-ovoids and $i$-tight sets in classical polar spaces.
Antioxidants-based scores to predict Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients among Chronic Hepatitis C individuals: correlation with Non-invasive Markers of Hepatic Fibrosis

Background High prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Egypt considers it as the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). So, several attempts have been used to predict HCC but still need more. In this regard, the predicting abilities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were tested for estimating chronic hepatitis C (CHC)-mediated HCC. Patients and methods Blood samples from 79 patients (23 CHC and 56 HCC) were withdrawn to estimate these antioxidants and the routine analysis markers. Beside 15 healthy volunteers were included Results The medians of SOD activity and TAC values were significantly elevated in sera of HCC patients with positive correlation (P<0.0001, r=0.334) when compared with those of either CHC or healthy controls (P<0.0001). On contrary, the median of CAT activity was significantly lowered (P<0.0001) with negative correlation with SOD activity (r=-0.146, P<0.04). Stepwise logistic regression analysis of the last three markers produced a score; named "Antioxidants-diagnostic" which increased the AUCs values and their diagnostic activities (P<0.0001). By combining the three marker values with that of Age-platelet index (API) produced a score named "Antioxidants-API". Also, by combining them with that of the routine analysis values produced a score named “AAI-antioxidants”. In each case the AUCs values were enhanced when compared with those of its native antioxidants (P<0.0001). Conclusion The assessment of these antioxidant activities and their combination in the last three scores can enhance their activities to more precisely predict HCC patients among CHC ones and control individuals.
A multistate modelling approach for pancreatic cancer development in genetically high‐risk families

Summary. The paper describes a complex multistate modelling approach for the analysis of association between the onset of diabetes and the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer among families with hereditary pancreatitis. The model allows for competing risks, correlated survival times and time‐dependent covariates, so taking several interrelated factors into account: the consequences of pancreatic resection, genetic similarities between family members and the possibility that the onset of diabetes is the first symptom of an undiagnosed pancreatic cancer. The model is applied to data on diabetes and cancer outcomes for 593 pancreatitis patients, taken from the world's largest registry of patients with heredity pancreatitis.
Survey of OH Masers at 1665 MHz. II. Galactic Longitude 340o to the Galactic Centre

The galactic plane from longitude 340° through the galactic centre to longitude + 2° has been searched for OH on the 1665 MHz transition. Forty-nine OH maser emission sources were detected and these have now been studied on all four OH ground-state transitions. Most of the masers are associated with regions of star formation (type I) while three may be examples of late-type stars (type II OH/IR) with unusually strong main-line emission
Contrail Modeling and Simulation

There is large uncertainty in the radiative forcing induced by aircraft contrails, particularly after they transform to cirrus. It has recently become possible to simulate contrail evolution for long periods after their formation. We review the main physical processes and simulation efforts in the four phases of contrail evolution, namely the jet, vortex, vortex dissipation, and diffusion phases. Recommendations for further work are given.
Controllability of Directed Heterogeneous Networked MIMO Systems

This paper studies the controllability of networked multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems, in which the network topology is weighted and directed, and the nodes are heterogeneous higher-dimensional linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical systems. The primary objective is to search for controllability criteria beyond those already known for homogeneous networks. The focus is on the effects of the network topology, node dynamics, external control inputs, as well as the inner interactions on the network controllability. It is found that a network of heterogeneous systems can be controllable even if the corresponding homogeneous network topology is uncontrollable. The finding thus unravels another fundamental property that affects the network controllability---the heterogeneity of the node dynamics. A necessary and sufficient condition is derived for the controllability of heterogeneous networked MIMO LTI systems. For some typical cases, necessary and/or sufficient controllability conditions are specified and presented on the node dynamics, inner interactions, as well as the network topology.
The Effect of Funds Management on the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Cameroon

: The main thrust of this study was to establish the effect of funds management and profitability of commercial banks in Cameroon. The study adopted a correlation research design where data was retrieved from the financial statements of the commercial banks from 2013 to 2019. Multiple regression analysis was applied to assess the impact of funds management on the bank’s profitability of the banks under consideration. The level of cash reserves was found to positively affect the bank’s profitability. Also the amount of liquidity and loan to deposit ratio was also found to positively affect bank’s profitability. This goes hand in hand with the objectives of the study ne of the main challenges was access to access to adequate information which let the researcher to secondary plus the presence of a pandemic. Since there is a relationship between deposits and profitability, large deposits should be properly hedged or matched, so that operational liquidity will not be greatly affected if these deposits were withdrawn .
Hearing Loss due to Noise Exposure and its Relationship with Hypertension in Peruvian Workers

Introduction: Noise-induced hearing loss has been implicated in the genesis of several chronic conditions; however, its behavior concerning hypertension still raises doubts about it. Objective: to determine the association between hearing loss due to exposure to noise and the presence of hypertension in a sample of Peruvian workers. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. Secondary analysis of the occupational database of a Medical center in Lima, Peru. hypertension was measured by self-report and clinical method. Hearing loss was classified as none, mild, moderate and severe. For the regression analysis, Poisson was performed with robust variance, obtaining crude (PRc) and adjusted (PRa) prevalence ratios. Results: We worked with a total of 1987 participants. The prevalence of hypertension was 15.40% and hearing loss was 36.39%. For the multivariate regression analysis, a statistically significant association with hypertension was found in those with mild hearing loss (PRa=1.52; CI95% 1.06–2.10), moderate (PRa=2.70; CI95% 1,93–3.76) and severe (PRa=3.82; 95% CI 2.56–5.96), compared to those without hearing loss. Conclusions: Hearing loss due to exposure to occupational noise was associated with the presence of hypertension. Although this study is only a first overview of the relationship that both variables could have, it is recommended to continue promoting policies and awareness campaigns to prevent hearing loss in workers, and thus avoid complications related to it in the long term.
Least Capacity Point of Triangles

Let D be a compact convex domain in the plane. P\'olya & Szeg\"o and, independently, Levi & Pan defined the point p in D that is "best insulated from the boundary C of D". We compute p in the case when C is an isosceles right triangle, revisiting exact results from the study of complex conformal mappings.
A Modified Single-Frequency PPP Method for the Positioning and Time Transfer with BDS-3

In this paper, time–frequency transfer and positioning experiments with signal coexistence in the BDS system were conducted using the four types of open service signals of the BDS-3 satellite (B1I, B1C, B2a, and B3I), as well as the B2I signals broadcast by the BDS-2 satellites. The experiments used the single-frequency PPP (precise point positioning) method. The experiment validated a modified version of the group and phase ionospheric correction (GRAPHIC) technique. The results demonstrate that, with a single frequency, 18 selected stations may provide positioning results accurate to within a few decimeters. The positioning accuracy of five frequencies signals is improved by 40.4%, 32.2%, 80.3%, 12.4%, and 10.3% when compared to the positioning accuracy of the same signals when using the general observation approach. Currently, the frequency stability may be as precise as dual frequencies with BDS.
Is a Normal Copula the Right Copula?

ABSTRACT We derive computationally simple and intuitive expressions for score tests of Gaussian copulas against generalized hyperbolic alternatives, including symmetric and asymmetric Student t, and many other examples. We decompose our tests into third and fourth moment components, and obtain one-sided Likelihood Ratio analogs, whose standard asymptotic distribution we provide. Our Monte Carlo exercises confirm the reliable size of parametric bootstrap versions of our tests, and their substantial power gains over alternative procedures. In an empirical application to CRSP stocks, we find that short-term reversals and momentum effects are better captured by non-Gaussian copulas, whose parameters we estimate by indirect inference. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
On a question of Ekedahl and Serre

In this paper we study various aspects of the Ekedahl-Serre problem. We formulate questions of Ekedahl-Serre type and Coleman-Oort type for general weakly special subvarieties in the Siegel moduli space, propose a conjecture relating these two questions, and provide examples supporting these questions. The main new result is an upper bound of genera for curves over number fields whose Jacobians are isogeneous to products of elliptic curves satisfying the Sato-Tate equidistribution, and we also refine previous results showing that certain weakly special subvarieties only meet the open Torelli locus in at most finitely many points.
Unique ergodicity for stochastic hyperbolic equations with additive space-time white noise

In this paper, we consider a certain class of second order nonlinear PDEs with damping and space-time white noise forcing, posed on the $d$-dimensional torus. This class includes the wave equation for $d=1$ and the beam equation for $d\le 3$. We show that the Gibbs measure of the equation without forcing and damping is the unique invariant measure for the flow of this system. Since the flow does not satisfy the Strong Feller property, we introduce a new technique for showing unique ergodicity. This approach may be also useful in situations in which finite-time blowup is possible.
On the Sobolev stability threshold of 3D Couette flow in a homogeneous magnetic field

We study the stability of the Couette flow $(y,0,0)^T$ in the 3D incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations for a conducting fluid on $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{T} $ in the presence of a homogeneous magnetic field $\alpha(\sigma, 0, 1)$. We consider the inviscid, ideal conductor limit $\textbf{Re}^{-1}$, $\textbf{R}_m^{-1} \ll 1$ and prove that for strong and suitably oriented background fields the Couette flow is asymptotically stable to perturbations small in the Sobolev space $H^N$. More precisely, we show that if $\alpha$ and $N$ are sufficiently large, $\sigma \in \mathbb{R} \setminus \mathbb{Q}$ satisfies a generic Diophantine condition, and the initial perturbations $u_{in}$ and $b_{in}$ to the Couette flow and magnetic field, respectively, satisfy $\|(u_{in},b_{in})\|_{H^N} = \epsilon \ll \textbf{Re}^{-1}$, then the resulting solution to the 3D MHD equations is global in time and the perturbation $(u(t,x+yt,y,z),b(t,x+yt,y,z))$ remains $\mathcal{O}(\textbf{Re}^{-1})$ in $H^{N'}$ for some $N'(\sigma) < N$. Our proof establishes enhanced dissipation estimates describing the decay of the $x$-dependent modes on the timescale $t \sim \textbf{Re}^{1/3}$, as well as inviscid damping of the velocity and magnetic field that agrees with the optimal decay rate for the linearized system. In the Navier-Stokes case, high regularity control on the perturbation in a coordinate system adapted to the mixing of the Couette flow is known only under the stronger assumption $\epsilon \ll \textbf{Re}^{-3/2}$. The improvement in the MHD setting is possible because the magnetic field induces time oscillations that partially suppress the lift-up effect, which is the primary transient growth mechanism for the Navier-Stokes equations linearized around the Couette flow.
Effective multipoles in random media

Abstract In a homogeneous medium, the far field generated by a localized source can be expanded in terms of multipoles; the coefficients are determined by the moments of the localized charge distribution. We show that this structure survives to some extent for a random medium in the sense of quantitative stochastic homogenization: In three space dimensions, the effective dipole and quadrupole – but not the octupole – can be inferred without knowing the realization of the random medium far away from the (overall neutral) source and the point of interest. Mathematically, this is achieved by using the two-scale expansion to higher order to construct isomorphisms between the hetero- and homogeneous versions of spaces of harmonic functions that grow at a certain rate, or decay at a certain rate away from the singularity (near the origin); these isomorphisms crucially respect the natural pairing between growing and decaying harmonic functions given by the second Green’s formula. This not only yields effective multipoles (the quotient of the spaces of decaying functions) but also intrinsic moments (taken with respect to the elements of the spaces of growing functions). The construction of these rigid isomorphisms relies on a good (and dimension-dependent) control on the higher-order correctors and their flux potentials.