Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY RICE IN CALCAREOUS SOIL

– The long term impact of integrated nutrient management practices on soil physical, chemical and biological properties of soil as well as crop yield were studied. The experiment is being conducted in a sandy loam (Calciorthents) at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, since 1988 under rice-wheat cropping system. Integrated effects of chemical fertilizers with compost and crop residue augmented N, P, K, S, Zn and B uptake by crop. There was a build-up of available N, P, K and S and depletion of available Zn and B. Addition of different organic materials increases the organic carbon, porosity, water holding capacity, CEC and decreased the pH and EC irrespective of NPK levels and organic addition. These was also a considerable increase in microbial population was recorded with conjoint use of organics and chemical fertilizer. Correlation study indicated that most of the soil parameters were positively and significantly correlated with uptake of nutrients of rice. It may be concluded that conjoint use of inorganic fertilizers with compost @ 10 t ha -1 and crop residue of previous crop improve the productivity and soil health.
BUSINESS STUDIES ipmi

A B S T R A C T In an RBV (Resource Based View) paradigm, this empirical study highlights various resources as antecedents of Spirit at Work (SW) as an Individual Capability. The study empirically collects data from a leading telecommunications company on the interaction of organizational resources in the form of spiritual leadership (SL) variables such as vision, hope/faith, altruistic love (AL), meaning/ calling, and membership toward SW, and human resources in the form of Individual Spirituality (IS) toward SW. Furthermore, SW is evaluated as a competitive advantage in the Service Industry for Job Satisfaction (JS) and Organizational Commitment (OC). The quantitative research is processed statistically using SEM Lisrel and the results demonstrate that all work-related SL factors are important in terms of SW. In the setting of lower IS, Altruistic Love has a major impact on SW. The SW is also having a major and good in�luence on JS and OC. Vision, AL, and Membership which depended upon organizational support are showing higher in�luence toward SW in lower IS. Hope/Faith and Meaning/Calling which depended upon individual intrinsic values are showing higher in�luence toward SW in the higher IS. The signi�icant impact toward organizational objectives suggested that organizational resource in the form Spiritual Leadership and individual capability in the form of Spirit at Work matters.
Social Learning and Monetary Policy Rules

We analyze the effects of social learning in a widely-studied monetary policy context. Social learning might be viewed as more descriptive of actual learning behavior in complex market economies. Ideas about how best to forecast the economy's state vector are initially heterogeneous. Agents can copy better forecasting techniques and discard those techniques which are less successful. We seek to understand whether the economy will converge to a rational expectations equilibrium under this more realistic learning dynamic. A key result from the literature in the version of the model we study is that the Taylor Principle governs both the uniqueness and the expectational stability of the rational expectations equilibrium when all agents learn homogeneously using recursive algorithms. We find that the Taylor Principle is not necessary for convergence in a social learning context. We also contribute to the use of genetic algorithm learning in stochastic environments.
KALCIJUM-SILIKATNI CEMENTI U ENDODONCIJI CALCIUM SILICATE SEALERS IN ENDODONTICS

Introduction: Endodontic root canal sealers serve the purpose of providing a fluid-tight seal, sealing off accessory canals and multiple foramina, while comprehensively confining the bacteria. Of late, rather than seeking a hermetic seal of the root canal, a more biological perspective is being tackled in which, sealers resolve to interact with root dentin, resulting in bioactivity. Tricalcium silicate sealers set the bioactivity in motion on the material surface after contacting the tissue fluids
Does internal cash ﬂ ow-external ﬁ nancing sensitivity react to economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk? Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the in ﬂ uence of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and geopolitical risk (GPR) on the relationship between internal cash ﬂ ow and external ﬁ nancing in an emerging market, Saudi Arabia. It also examines the role of asset tangibility and ﬁ nancial crisis in establishing this relationship. Design/methodology/approach – The sample was taken from non-ﬁ nancial sector companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange between 2002 and 2019. The data were analyzed using panel data regression analysis, including ordinary least squares and ﬁ xed effects model. The author addresses potential endogeneitythrough thegeneralizedmethodof moments. Findings – This study found that both EPU and GPR reduce the sensitivity of external ﬁ nancing to internal cash ﬂ ow. This implies that ﬁ rms depend more on internally generated funds during periods of increased EPU and GPR. Besides, this study found that the in ﬂ uence of EPU and GPR on the sensitivity of external ﬁ nancing to internal cash ﬂ ow is more (less) negative for more tangible ﬁ rms (during the ﬁ nancial crisis period). This result implies that Saudi ﬁ rms boasting a higher level of tangibility are more ﬂ exible when it comes to seeking external ﬁ nancing. However, the presence of uncertainty during the crisis period makes the external ﬁ nancing costly, andtherefore, ﬁ rmswill be less likely to raisefunds from external sources. Practical implications – This study has important implications for managers, policymakers and regulators. First, the paper ﬁ ndings provide insights for corporate decision-makers in helping them to focus on internal funds to ﬁ nance their investment during uncertain times. Second, the ﬁ ndings help managers to understand the role of asset tangibility in raising external funding when ﬁ rms face ﬁ nancial constraints due to uncertainty. Third, this study also helps corporates to focus on internal funds to ﬁ nance their investment during the crisis period because EPU and GPR increase the cost of external ﬁ nance. Finally, the results provide guidelines for policymakers and regulators to make appropriate policy measures to increase the easy availabilityof external ﬁ nanceduringperiods of increased EPU andGPR. Originality/value – This paper is the ﬁ rst to shed light on the impact of internal funds on external ﬁ nancing whilepaying closeattentionto therole of EPU andGPR.
Scaling limit of a biased random walk on a critical branching random walk

Relying on powerful resistance techniques developed in [8], the recent paper ‘Invariance principles for random walks in random environment on trees’ [4] investigates random walks in random environment on tree-like spaces and their scaling limits in a certain regime, that is when the potential of the random walk in random environment converges. We introduce and summarise a result from [4]. We choose to review the example of a novel scaling continuum limit of a biased random walk on large critical branching random walk. In this case the diﬀusion that is not on natural scale is identi(cid:12)ed as a Brownian motion on a continuum random fractal tree with its canonical metric replaced by a distorted resistance metric. This example allows the least technical presentation (compared to the others covered in the main article). Moreover, it is nevertheless of current interest, given its relation to critical percolation.
Solar Powered Lighting for Overhead Highway Signs

The author wishes to acknowledge the financial support of Mack-Blackwell Rural Transportation Center and Arkansas Highway & Transportation Department for the project under grant MBTC-2096. We would like to extend our gratitude to Mike Sobba who volunteered his time, equipment, and expertise in fabricating and installing the solar panel mounting structures. The technical support of HK Idea-Tech. toward the project is greatly appreciated. Thanks are also due to my students especially Dennis Gregory for his commendable technical support throughout the project.
Eﬀect of long term application of FYM and Vermicompost on soil carbon pool, enzymes and microbial activities in Pearl millet-chickpea cropping th sequence after 6 crop cycle

The �ield experiment was carried out on a �ixed site at the research farm of Bajra Research Scheme, College of Agriculture, Dhule, Maharashtra, India which was initiated during 2013-2014. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments replicated three times. Treatments for pearl millet composed of T : Control, T : 100% recommended dose of fertilizer 1 2 through inorganic fertilizers, T : 100 % recommended dose of nitrogen through farm yard manure, T : 100 % recommended dose of 3 4 nitrogen through vermicompost, T : 50 % recommended dose of nitrogen through farm yard manure + 50 % recommended dose of 5 -1 -1 -1 nitrogen-through vermicompost, T : 5-ton farm yard manure ha , T : 3-ton vermicompost ha and T : 2.5-ton farm yard manure ha 6 7 8 -1 + 1.5-ton vermicompost ha ). However, treatments for chickpeas are composed of T : Control, T : 100% recommended dose of 1 2 fertilizer through inorganic fertilizers, T to T : residual eﬀect of farm yard manure, and vermicompost alone and in combinations. 3 8 The experimental soil was alkaline, calcareous, clayey in texture, low in available nitrogen and phosphorus and high in available potassium. The continuous application of the 100 % recommended dose of nitrogen through farm yard manure for 6 years to pearl millet showed improvement in organic carbon fractions, soil enzyme activity, soil microbial population, and pearl millet equivalent yield. This treatment was followed by the application of 50 % recommended dose of nitrogen through farm yard manure + 50 % recommended dose of nitrogen through vermicompost.
Hydrological drought analysis occurrence, severity, risks : the case of Wabi Shebele River Basin, Ethiopia

This study analyses hydrological drought with due emphasis to ungauged catchments. Identification of hydrological drought and methods of unveiling its intrinsic multi-variate characteristics are investigated. The severity of drought has been examined using a multitude of methodologies. Quite often, absence of recorded long time streamflow data hinders a reliable drought analysis and understanding of the phenomenon in the past. Signatures of water stress are imprinted on tree rings. In this study streamflow reconstruction is achieved by coalescing proxy data from riparian tree rings and climatic indices. The generated data are used for extracting the multivariate features of this extreme hydrological event. The case study is demonstrated in Wabi Shebele river basin in Ethiopia. The methods proposed here are applicable to other similar river basins. Extracting hydrological drought entailed defining a possible threshold level. Threshold levels of low exceedance probability are found to be appropriate unlike the commonly used higher exceedance probabilities in temperate climate. It was corroborated that the frequency of some notable recent droughts as revealed with data generated from proxy records well matches that of instrumental data. Stochastic simulation of hydrological drought is done using SARIMA models from time series of instrumental monthly streamflow records in the study area. The nonlinear dependency between severity and duration of hydrological drought is studied using copula models. Different copula families and parameter estimation techniques are evaluated. Joint and conditional probabilities of severity and duration of drought in the area is specified from the derived relationship to provide empirical insight on the nature of the extreme events. It is demonstrated that droughts have distinct spatial patterns regarding temporal evolution and variability in the study area in which the geographic and climatic characteristics have a high degree of diversity. The relative strengths in association between the climatic, morphometric and geologic features of the catchment to the base flow estimates are weighted and a plausible relationship is produced. However, in view of the tremendous spatio-temporal heterogeneity of climatic and landscape properties extrapolation of response information or knowledge from gauged to ungauged basins remains fraught with considerable difficulties and uncertainties. Catchment characteristics can be related to low flows thus are used to delineate hydrologically homogeneous pools. Severity-area-frequency analysis of drought in the area using nonparametric kernels shows high variability of drought events within the pools formed. Associated relative risks of drought are also scrutinized using multicriteria analysis. No single variable is sufficient to portray the complexity of the vulnerability of an area to drought.
The unintended impacts of agricultural ﬁ res: Human capital in China ☆

The practice of burning agricultural waste is ubiquitous around the world, yet the external human capital costs from those ﬁ res have been underexplored. Using data from the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) and agricultural ﬁ res in China from 2005 to 2011, this paper investigates the impacts of ﬁ res on cognitive performance. We ﬁ nd that a one-standard-deviation increase in the difference between upwind and downwind ﬁ res during the exam decreases the total exam score by 1.42 percent of a standard deviation (or 0.6 points), and further decreases the probability of getting into ﬁ rst-tier universities by 0.51 percent of a standard deviation.
Consumer’s pork purchasing criteria and the relevance of animal welfare – a cross-national study

Social acceptance of livestock farming has been declining since the turn of the millennium in many European countries, whereas in Asia, the topic is currently not very relevant. Ethical aspects in terms of livestock farming play an increasingly important role in this regard. The call for higher animal welfare standards is growing louder. Especially the husbandry conditions of pigs are controversially discussed in society, industry and politics. However, the implementation of higher animal welfare standards brings along higher production costs at farm-level and leads to higher consumer prices as a result. An exploratory cross-national study (Poland, Italy, Japan and South Korea) was conducted in order to provide insights into consumer attitudes, preferences and possible willingness to pay for pork, considering the influence and importance of pork purchasing criteria and animal welfare. Therefore, the following four research questions should be answered: What kind of consumer preferences can be observed in the study countries in relation to pork? What are important purchasing criteria when buying pork? How do consumers in different countries perceive animal welfare as a purchasing factor and what is the relevance of animal welfare for them? Is there a willingness to pay a premium price for pork produced under higher animal welfare standards? In order to gain initial impressions, five online focus groups have taken place in each study country and were analyzed by using a qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. First results imply that consumer knowledge regarding the subject animal welfare differs between the European (Poland and Italy) and the Asian study countries (Japan and South Korea), although generally the knowledge about the concept animal welfare is limited in each study country. When it comes to pork purchasing habits, all participants empathized that freshness, appearance, quality as well as the origin of the meat and the price are important. The concept of animal welfare was also rated differently among the four study countries. Nevertheless, almost all participants link higher animal welfare standards with higher quality meat and therefore, see a personal benefit. Overall, it can be noted that there are big differences between the analyzed nations and there is a particular need for information when it comes to the concept of animal welfare.
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM CONFERENCE (I-i ECONS 2021) The Impacts of Bank-Specific Factors and Macroeconomics on the Quality of MSME Loans in Indonesia: An Empirical Study of Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking

This study aims to analyze the impacts of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on the quality of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) credit in Indonesia, both in Islamic and conventional banks by applying Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The quality of MSME credits is expressed in terms of financial ratios, Non-Performing Financing (NPF) in Islamic Banks and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) in Conventional Banks. This study concludes that NPL and NPF response differently to macroeconomy and bank-specific factor shocks. The results of the test of Impulse Response Factor (IRF) show that NPL is more stable to the fluctuations in the macroeconomy and bank-specific factors than NPF. In addition, the tests of Variance Decomposition show that NPF is more influenced by macroeconomic factors, while NPL is more affected by bank-specific factors.
Effects of ruminal lipopolysaccharide exposure on primary bovine ruminal epithelial cells

The objective of this study was to investigate the immunopotential of ruminal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on cultured primary bovine rumen epithelial cells (REC). Primary bovine REC were isolated from 6 yearling steers and grown in culture for 3 experiments. Experiment 1 aimed to determine the immunopotential of ruminal LPS, experiment 2 aimed to assess tolerance to chronic LPS exposure, and experiment 3 aimed to evaluate antagonistic interactions between ruminal and Escherichia coli LPS. In experiments 1 and 2, REC were exposed to nonpyrogenic water, 20 μg/mL E. coli LPS (EC20), 10 μg/mL ruminal LPS, 20 μg/ mL ruminal LPS, and 40 μg/mL ruminal LPS, either continuously or intermittently. For the continuous exposure, REC underwent a 6 h exposure, whereas for the intermittent exposure, the procedure was: (1) a 12 h continuous exposure to treatments followed by LPS removal for 24 h and then another 12 h of exposure (RPT), and (2) a 12 h continuous exposure to treatments followed by LPS removal and a recovery period of 36 h (RCV). In experiment 3, REC were exposed to nonpyrogenic water, 1 μg/mL E. coli LPS, 1 μg/ mL ruminal LPS to 1 μg/mL E. coli LPS, 10 μg/mL ruminal LPS to 1 μg/mL E. coli LPS, and 50 μg/mL ruminal LPS to 1 μg/mL E. coli LPS. Each experiment was done as a complete randomized block design with 6 REC donors. The REC-donor was used as blocking factor. Each treatment had 2 technical replicates, and treatment responses for all data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS. For all experiments, total RNA was extracted from REC and real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine the relative expression of genes for toll-like receptors ( TLR2 and TLR4 ), proinflammatory cytokines ( TNF , IL1B , and IL6 ), chemokines ( CXCL2 and CXCL8 ), growth factor-like cytokines ( CSF2 and TGFB1 ), and a lipid mediator ( PTGS2 ). In experiment 1, the targeted genes were upregulated by EC20, whereas all ruminal LPS treatments resulted in a lower transcript abundance. Regarding RPT, and RCV condition, in experiment 2, the expression of targeted genes was not affected or was at a lower abundance to EC20 when compared with ruminal LPS treatments. Lastly, in experiment 3, all targeted genes resulted in lower or similar transcript abundance on all ruminal LPS ratios. Overall, our re-sults indicate that ruminal LPS have a limited capacity to activate the TLR4/NF-kB pathway and to induce the expression of inflammatory genes.
Is animal welfare of great importance when purchasing poultry meat? - Results from cross-national focus groups with consumers -

Farm animal husbandry is increasingly criticized by consumers across Europe. This paper provides insights into consumer attitudes and perceptions regarding animal welfare poultry meat in the study countries Denmark, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Animal welfare is stated to be an important product characteristic, although it obtains less importance than other product attributes such as quality and price. However, many participants indicated to be willing to pay a higher price for poultry meat produced under improved husbandry conditions. The main motivating factors for buying improved animal welfare poultry meat are the perception of better quality and ethical concerns.
Clinical studies on incidence of dystocia in goats with comparison of haemato-biochemical profiles

The clinical experiment was conducted on 22 goats to evaluate incidence of maternal and fetal dystocia and hemato-biochemical profiles in dystocia affected goats. The goats of different parities were divided into three groups (1) EU (normal parturition) (n=6), (2) DYM (maternal dystocia) (n=5) (3) DYF (fetal dystocia) (n=11). In the present study, incidence of foetal originated dystocia (68.75%) was higher than maternal originated dystocia (31.25%). Out of 11 cases of fetal dystocia four cases had deviation of head (36.36%), three cases had bilateral shoulder flexion (27.27%), one case emphysematous fetus (9.09%), two cases had oversized fetus (18.18%) and one case had hind limb flexion (9.09%). Out of 5 cases of maternal dystocia, two cases had uterine inertia (40%), one case had post cervical uterine torsion (20%), and two cases had incomplete pelvic space (40%). No significant ( p ≤0.05) difference was observed in RBC count and albumin concentration among all three groups. The values of WBC, NEU, PCV, AST and ALT were significantly ( p ≤0.05) higher in DYM and DYF as compared to EU group at pre-partum and significantly decreased at post-partum (24 hr) period. No significant changes ( p ≤0.05) were observed at 24 hr postpartum in the values of Hb, PCV and WBC among all three groups. Significant ( p ≤0.05) decrease was observed at 24 hr postpartum in the values of Hb, NEU, AST, ALT and TP in both DYM and DYF groups as compared to pre-partum period. However, the values of Hb, PCV, WBC, ALT, Total protein decreased non-significantly at 24 hr postpartum in EU group. It was concluded that fetal cause of dystocia more prone than maternal causes and haemato-biochemical changes including WBC, neutrophils, PCV, serum AST and ALT level were higher in dystocia affected goats as compared to normal parturated goats, whereas, Hb, TP values decreased in dystocia affected goats may be useful in management of obstetrical conditions.
Differential Item Functioning Analysis of an Emotional Intelligence Differential Item Functioning Analysis of an Emotional Intelligence Scale for Human Resources Management at Sohar University Scale for Human Resources Management at Sohar University

: This study aimed to investigate to what extent the item responses of Emotional Intelligence Scale form a unidimensional construct and local independence according to the Rasch model. It also aims at investigating the presence of DIF in terms of gender in the Emotional intelligence scale. The researcher adopted a descriptive survey method and collected data from a stratified random sample of Sohar University employees. The sample consisted of (396) employees. The researcher developed a scale of two dimensions, personal efficiency and social competence. The win steps program was used for statistical analysis of the data. The results indicated that both Rasch assumptions (unidimensional and local independence) are held in the present research. The results displayed DIF in terms of gender in some items in the Emotional Intelligence Scale. Several recommendations were presented on the basis of the finding.