Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Review

Since its origin in China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a pandemic and spread to 209 countries. As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a very rapidly emerging disease, organ-specific studies related to it have been reported. Apart from respiratory findings, some studies have highlighted inflammatory consequences in the heart, kidney, and/or liver as well. Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 seems to be a result of an inflammatory storm in response to the infection. Moreover, direct viral invasion of cardiomyocytes, as well as a myocardial injury due to oxidative stress, may account for acute cardiac injury in COVID-19. Nevertheless, the mechanism of heart injury in COVID-19 is not clear yet. However, multiple studies that highlight the clinical features, laboratory findings, and prognosis of acute myocardial injury (AMI) in COVID-19-affected individuals have been published. In this review, we have summarized the findings of all those studies as well as the clinical features and management of cardiac injury discussed by some case reports.
Karyotypic Analysis of Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis (McClelland), Puntius ticto (Ham.) and P. chola (Ham.) (Family: Cyprinidae, Pisces)

Karyotypic study of 3 species of Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis, Puntius ticto and P. chola belonging to family Cyprinidae, from Arunanchal Pradesh, India, were carried out. The diploid chromosome number in Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis was 100 with a chromosomal formula of 32m+16sm+6st+46T and fundamental arm number (FN) as 148. The other 2 species, Puntius ticto and P. chola have 50 chromosome with chromosomal formula of 28m+16sm+6st (FN=94) and 2m+2sm+46T (FN=54), respectively. The evolutionary significance of these 3 karyotypes was discussed.
Intraspecific Strategic Responses of African Elephants to Temporal Variation in Forage Quality

Abstract Mammalian herbivores adopt foraging strategies to optimize nutritional trade-offs against restrictions imposed by body size, nutritional requirements, digestive anatomy, physiology, and the forage resource they exploit. Selective or generalist feeding strategies scale with body size across species. However, within species, where constraints should be most similar, responses to limitation have rarely been examined. We used African elephants (Loxodonta africana) to test for changes in seasonal diet quality of individuals of differing body size and sex through measurement of fecal nitrogen and phosphorus. We measured physiological stress response of these age and sex classes to seasonal change by fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels (i.e., stress hormones). Large body size increased tolerance to lower-quality forage. Adult males and females exhibited divergent trends; females had higher diet quality than males, irrespective of body size. When limited by forage availability or quality during the dry season, diet quality declined across all body sizes, but weaned calves ingested a higher-quality diet than larger-bodied adults. On release from restriction during the wet season, weaned calf nitrogen concentrations were consistently high and stress hormone levels decreased, whereas adult female phosphorus levels were highest and less variable and stress hormone levels were unchanged. The ability to adjust forage quality is an important strategy used to ensure adequate nutritional intake according to body size limitations. Although body size is a key determining factor of dietary differences between adult elephants, foraging strategies are also driven by specific nutritional requirements, which may override the body size effects driving foraging decisions in some cases. The diversity of intraspecific response highlights ecologically segregated entities within a species and should be a concern for population management planning, particularly for threatened species. Fecal diet quality and stress hormone analysis could provide an early and sensitive indicator for monitoring age and sex class responses to resource restriction in high-density elephant populations.
Effects of Chemical and Biological Anti-mycotoxins on Performance, Haematological, Biochemical and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens during Aflatoxicosis

Background:Contamination of feedstuffs with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem of great importance. Mycotoxins are secondary toxic fungal metabolites. There are great interests to create effective prevention and decontamination methods to diminish the toxic effects of AFs in animal and poultry production. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin on performance, some hematological, serum biochemical and immunological parameters and to determine the preventive effect of added anti-mycotoxins. Methods:In this study, a total of 180 broilers were used and divided into 6 equal groups. They received zeocem (chemical synthetic anti-mycotoxin) at a dose of 1 kg/ton feed and nutritox (biological synthetic anti-mycotoxin) at a dose of 0.25 kg/ton feed, to treat broiler fed aflatoxin. All treatments were administered from 1- 42 days of age. Results: By the end of the experiment, nutritox (biological synthetic anti-mycotoxin) alleviated the hazardous effects of aflatoxin on performance, hematological, serum biochemical and immunological parameters rather than zeocem (chemical anti-mycotoxin) fed broilers. Conclusion:Treatment with biological synthetic anti-mycotoxin (nutritox) is better than using chemical synthetic anti-mycotoxin (zeocem) in control of aflatoxicosis in broilers.
Relative Abundance of Plant Functional Types in Grasslands and Shrublands of North America

We analyzed the geographic distribution and climatic controls of the distri- bution of plant functional types (PFT) in temperate grasslands and shrublands of North America. It has been widely accepted that temperature is the principal control on the distribution of C3 and C4 species. Our results show that precipitation and its seasonal distribution are also important. C4 grass distribution was positively related to three climatic variables: mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, and the proportion of the precipitation falling in summer. These variables accounted for 66% of the total variability of this functional type. C3 grass abundance decreased with mean annual temperature and increased with the proportion of the precipitation falling during winter (r2 = 0.37). Sixty- two percent of the variability in the relative abundance of shrubs was explained by mean annual precipitation and the proportion of winter precipitation. Latitude and longitude explained a substantial portion of the variability of the distri- bution of the relative abundance of shrubs, C3 grasses, and C4 grasses (53, 46, and 61%, respectively). Along a given longitude, C3 grasses increased with latitude. As one moves westward, C4 grasses are replaced by shrubs. The relative abundance of C4 grasses reached a maximum at southern latitudes and eastern longitudes. Succulents showed a marginal decreasing trend with latitude. No relationship with geographic variables was detected for forbs.
Determinants of institutional quality: an empirical exploration

ABSTRACT Recent literature has underlined the role that institutions play in the process of development, making it essential to understand why differences exist in the quality of institutions across countries. The goal of this study is to investigate the determinants of institutional quality. Our results confirm that institutional quality is conditioned by variables that can be modulated by public policy, such as income per capita, international openness, education, taxation, and patterns of income (re)distribution. Our conclusions differ from the pessimistic outlooks of works highlighting deterministic factors, such as colonial or geographical factors, as determinants of institutional quality.
RELIGIOUS CONCERNS AND RESIDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARD TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Sajad Ebrahimi Meimand Tourism School Higher Education Complex of Bam Bam 7613638814 Iran E-mail: emsajad2@live.utm. my Abbas Mardani Affiliation1: Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Affiliation1: Faculty of Business Administration, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam E-mail: abbas.mardani@tdtu.edu. vn Zainab Khalifah Department of Business Administration Azman Hashim International Business School Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai Johor 81310 Malaysia E-mail: zainab@management.utm. my
Culture of Enzymatically Dispersed Anterior Pituitary Cells: Functional Validation of a Method

A method for preparing short—term enzymatically dispersed pituitary cell cultures is described. It has been used to assay hypothalamic releasing factors. The cells secrete TSH or LH and FSH in amounts directly related to the dose of TRF or LRF respectively. The minimal active doses of synthetic TRF and either synthetic or highly purified ovine LRF is ca. 10-10M. Apparent affinity constants for TRF or LRF receptors are ca. 10-9M. Enhanced secretion rates of TSH or LH of 8– to 20–fold in response to maximal levels of TRF or LRF are routinely observed. The sensitivity of the cultured cells to TRF and LRF is maintained for more than 2 weeks in culture although the magnitude of the secretory response and the intracellular hormone content declines with time in culture. Chronic administration of TRF or LRF depletes the intracellular hormone levels while simultaneously increasing the total TSH or LH content in the culture (tissue and fluid). As has been observed with other in vitro systems, high medium potassium,.
The Role of the Coleoptile Apex in Controlling Organ Elongation I. THE EFFECTS OF DECAPITATION AND APICAL INCISIONS

Verification de l'hypothese de Went relative au role de l'auxine apicale dans le controle de l'elongation du coleoptile. Etude de l'amplitude, de la localisation et de la chronologie des modifications de la croissance induites par la decapitation du coleoptile chez le mais et l'avoine
On the resistance to Byzantine and unresponsive servers in code-based PIR schemes

: In private information retrieval (PIR) from coded storage servers, consider the case where some of servers are Byzantine adversaries and unresponsive. There have been proposed several specialized schemes guaranteeing that the user can correctly obtain the desired message even in the adversarial situation. However, to the best of our knowledge, such resistance to the ad-versaries in PIR schemes based on arbitrary codes have been not precisely characterized. In this paper, we reveal that the exact resistance to Byzantine and unresponsive servers is expressed in terms of the coset distance of linear codes in linear PIR schemes based on arbitrary storage code.
Using β-lactamase to trigger supramolecular hydrogelation

This paper reports the rational design and synthesis of a β-lactam conjugate. Treating the conjugate with β-lactamase cleaves the scissile β-lactam amide bond, releases a hydrogelator, and results in enzymatic formation of a supramolecular hydrogel. The process involves the use of a bacterial enzymethe one causes antibiotic inactivation and accounts for resistance to β-lactams in many clinical important pathogensto catalyze the formation of the hydrogel. It offers an opportunity to investigate the kinetics of these types of enzymatic reactions, screen inhibitors of the enzyme, and provides a new candidate to generate hydrogels for biomedical applications.
Spatial patterns of ground vegetation, soil microbial biomass and activity in a mixed spruce-birch stand

Trees directly and indirectly influence the above- and below-ground environment, and can be expected to modify the spatial patterns of organisms associated with the forest floor. This study aimed to examine the effects of a coniferous (Picea abies) and a broad-leaved (Betula pubescens) tree species on the spatial pattern of ground vegetation and soil microbial properties in a mixed stand in central Sweden. I have characterised the species composition of ground vegetation, soil microbial biomass and activity, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), soil water content and soil pH in the stand, and tested whether the spatial patterns of these variables were related to the positioning of trees. Geostatistics were used to describe the spatial variation in ground vegetation, soil microbiological properties and the soil surface environment. PAR, soil water content and the cover of the moss Brachytecium reflexum and associated herb species decreased with the influence of spruce trees. Microbial biomass, measured as the amount of phospholipid fatty acids, decreased with spruce influence but increased with the influence of birch trees. Microbial respiration was not affected by spruce but increased with the influence of birch. Ground vegetation and microbial respiration, which were influenced by one tree species only, aggregate on a scale of 4-5 m, corresponding fairly well with patches of a single tree species. Soil microbial biomass, which was affected by both tree species, aggregated on a scale of 7-8 m, roughly corresponding to the distance between patches of spruce and birch trees respectively. I suggest that spruce trees influenced vegetation mainly through shading, and that a difference in the availability of organic matter under birch and spruce trees caused spatial variation in microbial biomass and activity. Thus, spatial patterns in ground vegetation and soil microbial properties may develop in a mixed forest of coniferous-broad leaved trees, as a result of the difference in influence of tree species and nested variation associated with the arrangement of the trees.
Possible Roles of the Mitochondria in Sulfur Dioxide Production by Lager Yeast

Sulfur dioxide is one of the key lager yeast metabolites that brewers seek to control, as it has multiple effects on the quality of lager beers. It has been widely reported that yeast cells, when fermented in high glucose worts, are susceptible to producing elevated sulfur dioxide, yet the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. It is known that when yeast cells utilize glucose as a primary carbon source to fuel yeast growth, this negatively affects mitochondrial development, specifically in its unique membrane lipid, cardiolipin. In this study, we show the results of incubation experiments aimed at altering cardiolipin formation and mitochondrial development with stimulators of cardiolipin synthesis (L-thyroxine and glycerol) and an inhibitor (inositol). These results demonstrated significantly lower sulfite levels (P < 0.05), adjusted for ethanol production, under conditions promoting cardiolipin formation. In addition, fermentations with respiratory deficient mutants also revealed significantly lower efficiency in the conversion of sulfate, as measured by the ratio of the amount of sulfite produced to the amount of sulfate taken up, as compared to the parental strain (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that this overlooked organelle may have a vital role in sulfite production, which we speculate is related to a key prosthetic group in the enzyme complex, sulfite reductase. This group, namely the [4Fe-4S] iron-sulfur cluster, provides the catalytic site in sulfite reductase electrons to reduce sulfur dioxide to sulfide. It is postulated that limitations in mitochondrial ATP levels affect [4Fe-4S] cluster formation or export of the cluster for cytosolic apoprotein modification.
EFFECTS OF AN ANCHORED CAREER-FOCUSED CURRICULUM ON THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF AT-RISK HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

OF DISSERTATION EFFECTS OF AN ANCHORED CAREER-FOCUSED CURRICULUM ON THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF AT-RISK HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Students with disabilities (SWD) face an unfavorable employment future because many drop out of school at a disproportionate rate. The employment outlook for SWD who graduate from high school is also a concern because current studies show that only about half of them find jobs. In addition, most jobs they do find are entry level and low paying. One predictor of post-secondary success is career awareness. The purpose of this study was first to develop a curriculum especially designed for teaching career awareness of SWD and then to test its effects with a pretest-posttest randomized trial. Results indicated that the SWD who taught with the new curriculum deepened their knowledge of careers and developed a more positive attitude toward career planning. Implications for further development and research are provided.
Phylogeny of the genus Acomys (Rodentia, Muridae) based on the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene : implications on taxonomy and phylogeography

La phylogenie des especes d'Acomys a ete reconstruite a partir des sequences du gene mitochondrial du cytochrome b (1 141 nucleotides). Les topologies des arbres obtenus avec differents algorithmes sont pour la plupart congruentes et les clades sont robustes, bien que certaines relations restent irresolues. Les especes du complexe cahirinus-dimidiatus se regroupent dans une multifurcation terminale, dont le manque de resolution n'est pas du a la saturation du marqueur. Ce resultat suggere qu'une radiation evolutive s'est produite, et une redefinition du complexe est proposee. Un scenario phylogeographique hypothetique est tire de la phylogenie, en utilisant une horloge moleculaire pour estimer approximativement les dates des cladogeneses. Dans le scenario propose, les lignees d'Acomys s'individualisent successivement a partir de l'Afrique de l'Est, centre d'origine presume du genre, vers le reste du continent africain ainsi que vers la Peninsule Arabique et le Proche-Orient. Le plus ancien de ces evenements se serait produit il y a 9,7 a 13,7 millions d'annees, tandis que le plus recent est la dispersion d'Acomys cahirinus a travers la Mer Mediterranee par l'Homme.
Spatial relationships between two Agriotes click‐beetle species and wireworms in agricultural fields

1 The production of new insect pheromones for pest monitoring proceeds at a greater rate than their evaluation, with the consequential possibility of premature introduction. Fundamental to their successful deployment is the determination of a consistent relationship between adult male pheromone trap catches and pest damage. In the present study, adult pheromone traps and larval bait traps were used to examine spatial relationships between two species of Agriotes beetle and wireworms at the field scale.
A Naturally Compartmented Rumen Simulation System for the Continuous Culture of Rumen Bacteria and Protozoa

The rumen simulation system described herein is a partially stirred fermenter with an overflow placed in the bottom third of the fermentation chamber. Feed particles stratify in the fermenter according to density in much the same fashion as feed particles do in the natural rumen, producing different solid and liquid turnover rates. The fermenter maintains rumen microbial populations and fermentation parameters at normal numbers for at least 2 wk at liquid turnover rates of up to 2/d. Feeding can be manual or automated. The mechanical simplicity of the system and low stirring speed provide high reliability and operating ease at low cost.
Informality: Causes and Consequences for Development

This article reviews the economic literature on informality, its causes, and its consequences for development. It covers a comprehensive body of research that ranges from well-identified experimental studies to equilibrium macro models, and which more recently includes structural models that integrate both micro and macro effects. The results available in the literature indicate that lowering the costs of formality is not an effective policy to reduce informality but may generate positive aggregate effects, such as higher output and total factor productivity (TFP). The most effective formalization policy is to increase enforcement on the extensive margin but not on the intensive margin of informality. The former generates substantial gains in aggregate TFP and output, without necessarily increasing unemployment. However, the overall welfare impacts are likely to depend on the transitional dynamics between steady states, which remains an open area for future research.
Evaluation of fermentation and aerobic stability of wet brewers' grains ensiled alone or in combination with various feeds as a total mixed ration

Wet brewer's grains (BG; 200 g kg−1 dry matter(DM)) were ensiled alone or in combination with various dry feeds as a total mixed ration (TMR; 540 g kg−1 DM) in laboratory silos. Ensilage was stopped at 40 days (experiment 1) or at 5, 20, 40 and 60 days (experiment 2) after storage. The composition of soluble sugars and the profiles of fermentation products were determined. The 60 day silages were subjected to aerobic deterioration and changes in silage temperature were recorded for 7 days. A rapid pH fall coupled with accelerated lactic acid production was observed in BG silage; soluble sugars, mainly composed of maltose and raffinose, completely disappeared within 5 days of ensiling. Prolonged storage, however, decreased lactic acid concentration and increased acetic acid greatly. Appreciable amounts of propionic acid and 1-propanol were also produced in BG silage in the late stages of fermentation. When TMR silage was made, the decline in pH and the increase in lactic acid were delayed due to the low moisture content. Acetic acid production was enhanced from the beginning of storage, and mannitol accumulated in TMR silage. Yeast numbers were lower in TMR than in BG silage, but the changes were limited in the late stages of fermentation. When exposed to air, the temperature of BG silage increased after 3 days, whereas that of TMR silage appeared stable during the 7 days test. The results indicate that BG is a suitable by-product for ensiling and, when ensiled with various feeds as a TMR, improved stability against aerobic deterioration can be expected. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
INFLUENCE OF RAILING STIFFNESS ON SINGLE-SPAN TWO-LANE STEEL GIRDER BRIDGES

The presence of railings or parapets acting integrally with the concrete deck placed on steel girders has the effect of stiffening and therefore altering the lateral wheel load distribution on highway bridges. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications procedures do not account for the presence of railings when evaluating the load-carrying capacity of highway bridges. This paper presents a parametric study using 3D finite element analysis to investigate the influence of railing stiffness on one-span, two-lane steel girder bridges. Railings of different sizes were placed on one or both sides of the bridge deck, in combination with various span lengths and girders spacing. AASHTO HS20 design trucks were placed longitudinally and transversally in order to produce maximum longitudinal bending moments in the steel girders. The wheel load distribution obtained from finite element analysis at the critical section of each bridge were compared with the AASHTO procedures and with reference cases for bridges without railing. This study confirmed that the presence of concrete railings modeled and built integrally with the deck tends to stiffen the bridge superstructure. Further, the study quantified the effect of railing in increasing the load-carrying capacity of steel bridges. The results of this research will therefore assist structural engineers in better designing new steel girder bridges and/or evaluating more precisely the load-carrying capacity of existing bridges with railings of different sizes. Bridge engineers can consider adding or stiffening railings/parapets as a practical method for strengthening existing steel girder bridges.