Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Middle Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Augmentation of In Situ Superior Capsular Reconstruction–Reinforced Partial Rotator Cuff Repair: Short-term Outcomes of a Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Middle trapezius tendon (MTT) transfer has been described for dynamic reproduction of supraspinatus function. For management of irreparable rotator cuff (RC) tears, this procedure can be coupled with in situ (long head of the biceps tendon–based) superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) and partial RC repair. Purpose: To investigate the functional outcomes of augmentation of in situ SCR–reinforced partial RC repair with MTT transfer for the management of irreparable posterosuperior RC tears. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Conducted between September 2014 and March 2022, this study included 24 patients with irreparable posterosuperior RC tears who were allocated into 2 groups: patients managed with 2-layer tendon construct (in situ SCR–reinforced partial RC repair) (group A; n = 15) and patients managed with 3-layer tendon construct (MTT transfer–augmented, in situ SCR–reinforced partial RC repair) (group B; n = 9). Outcome measures included 2-year postoperative pain, range of motion (ROM) in forward flexion and external rotation, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scores. For data comparison, independent and paired t tests were used for parametric quantitative variables, and Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for nonparametric quantitative variables; Fisher exact and McNemar tests were used for qualitative variables. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.40 ± 4.54 years in group A and 59.22 ± 4.46 years in group B; there were no between-group differences in baseline patient characteristics. Patients in both groups had significant preoperative to postoperative improvement on all outcome measures (P < .05 for all). Group B had a significantly higher magnitude of postoperative improvement compared with group A in forward flexion ROM (88.88° ± 29.34° vs 46.66° ± 20.93°; P = .001), external rotation ROM (32.22° ± 14.81° vs 16.0° ± 9.10°; P = .002), ASES score (71.07 ± 8.26 vs 57.87 ± 8.39; P = .001), and QuickDASH score (–70.20 ± 6.95 vs –58.34 ± 12.52; P = .007). Conclusion: Augmentation of in situ SCR–reinforced partial RC repair with MTT transfer in a 3-layer tendon construct led to significantly greater improvement in postoperative ROM and functional scores compared with a 2-layer construct.
Dynamics of femtosecond filamentation with higher-order Kerr response

The spatiotemporal dynamics of femtosecond filamentation is investigated by using an expanded nonlinear model, which includes the higher-order Kerr nonlinear response and nonlinear losses. The existence of the physical picture of optical turbulence due to the modulational instability of the nonlinear response is clearly displayed. This turbulent region is comparable with the observed “optically turbulent light guide” of “dynamic spatial replenishment” [Phys. Rev. Lett.83, 2939 (1999)] in which the generation of plasma is dominative in the long-range filament formation. It indicates that the Kerr nonlinear response plays a dual role, rather than a retroactive effect that may lead to the collapse of the beam, in sustaining the propagation of filamentation of a powerful femtosecond laser pulse in the bulk of transparent media.
Physics and Leibniz's Principles

Leibniz’s principles made for an elegant and coherent philosophy. In part metaphysical, in part methodological, they addressed fundamental questions - in the treatment of symmetry, in the relationship of physics to mathematics, in logic that are if anything even more pressing today than they were in Leibniz’s time. As I shall read them, they also expressed a distinctive and uncompromising form of realism, a commitment to the adequacy of purely descriptive concepts. This doctrine has been called ‘semantic universalism’by van Fraassen (1991), and the ‘generalist picture’by O’Leary-Hawthorne and Cover (1996): it will become clearer in due course just what it entails. The principles that I shall consider are the Principle of Su¢ cient Reason (PSR) and the Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles (PII). In the …rst instance I shall take them both to be methodological principles. The former I shall read as requiring that the concepts of physics be entirely transparent. Analysis and explanation are to proceed without any limits. The perspective is impersonal: any epistemological limitation, to do with our human situation or perceptual apparatus, is to be viewed as a purely practical matter, re‡ecting no fundamental constraint. This puts in place a part of the generalist picture. The PSR clearly promotes the use of mathematical concepts in physics. The PII, in contrast, depends on a sharp distinction between purely mathematical concepts, and physical ones. Leibniz too made use of this distinction (between ‘real’and ‘notional’or ‘ideal’concepts), but in his hands the principle depended heavily, though often tacitly, on his metaphysical theory of substance (and, with quali…cations, on his philosophical logic). He was led to a restrictive formulation of it in consequence: There are never in nature two beings which are perfectly alike and �);
Optimization of magnetotransistor structure in CMOS technology

Experimental results are presented for the comparison of a novel CMOS-based magnetic sensor and a lateral magnetotransistor. Results indicating a dramatic increase in sensitivity are given, and a linear response is obtained. An improvement in the device sensitivity of four times was measured, and a maximum sensitivity of 200%/T was found. An explanation for the increase in sensitivity is proposed and confirmed by an analysis of both the electrical and magnetic characteristics of both devices. This explanation attributes the increase in sensitivity to the inhibition of laterally injected electrons from the emitter edges. This is achieved by the placement of p/sup +/ stripes along the emitter edges. Additional experimental results show that an increase in sensitivity was found as the emitter length of the magnetic sensor was shortened. >
Agroecological practices in organic fennel cultivation to improve environmental sustainability

ABSTRACT The simplification and intensification of agricultural systems have often caused environmental harm, whereas implementing agroecological practices may improve the sustainability of farms. Therefore, a four-year experiment was carried out on an organic fennel crop comparing a system with organic management and a cover crop (ORG+CC) with both a traditional organic system (ORG) and a system without living mulch and fertilizer (CONTR). The systems were evaluated for agronomic performance, energy analysis, and carbon footprint. The carbon footprint was calculated considering the impacts of agricultural operations, and those by the production and biogeochemical processes of the soil through the DNDC (DeNitrification DeComposition) model. The ORG+CC system showed the most stable production recording the lowest losses over the years under adverse climatic conditions. The ORG and CONTR systems had an average marketable yield reduction of −29.58% and −43.66%, respectively, when extreme rainfall events occurred, compared to ORG+CC. The ORG+CC was the most sustainable system, showing the best Net Energy (output-input) value and the lowest total CO2 eq. emissions, despite the highest energetic requirements and CO2 emissions during cultivation. The study showed the effects of the practices used and quantified the adaptation and mitigation potential over the medium term that included extreme weather events.
Total, Direct, and Indirect Effects in Logit Models

It has long been believed that the decomposition of the total effect of one variable on another into direct and indirect effects, while feasible in linear models, is not possible in non-linear probability models such as the logit and probit. In this paper we present a new and simple method that resolves this issue for single equation models and extends almost all the decomposition features of linear models to binary non-linear probability models such as the logit and probit. Drawing on the derivations in Karlson, Holm, and Breen (2011), we demonstrate that the method can also be used to decompose average partial effects, as defined by Wooldridge (2002). We present the method graphically and illustrate it using the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988.
Diffeomorphic theorems for open Riemannian manifolds with curvature decay

In this paper, we study the topology of complete non-compact Riemannian manifolds with curvature decay to a non-positive constant. We show that such a complete open manifold M is diffeomorphic to a Euclidean n-space Rn if it contains enough rays starting from the base point. As applications, we also show that this kind of manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below by a non-positive constant are diffeomorphic to Rn if the volumes of geodesic balls in M grow properly. Our results generalize the main theorems of Wang�Xia for manifolds with quadratic curvature decay to zero.
WSe2 field effect transistors with enhanced ambipolar characteristics

One of the most relevant features that a semiconducting channel material can offer when used in a field-effect transistor (FET) layout is its capability to enable both electron transport in the conduction band and hole transport in the valence band. In this way, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor type applications become feasible once similar electron and hole drive current densities are achieved, and the threshold voltages are properly adjusted. In this article, we demonstrate pronounced ambipolar device characteristics of multilayer WSe2 FETs using different contact electrodes. Our study reveals that nickel electrodes facilitate electron injection while palladium electrodes are more efficient for hole injection. We also show, as an interesting demonstration, that by using nickel as the source contact electrode and palladium as the drain contact electrode, ambipolar device characteristics with similar on-state performance for both the electron and the hole branch can be achieved in WSe2 FETs. Finall.
Analysis and assessment of electromagnetic ring expansion as a high‐strain‐rate test

The rapid expansion of electromagnetically launched thin metal rings is analyzed in detail, with particular emphasis on the determination of the expansion speed, currents, and specimen temperature as a function of launch voltage. Electrodynamic calculations for copper, tin, and lead rings are presented and compared with typical experimental results. Currents derived from Rogowski‐probe records and expansion speeds measured with a velocity interferometer (VISAR) are found to be in excellent agreement with these calculations. Currents are large, of the order of tens of kiloamperes, and heating of the specimen can be significant. It is found that, for good conductors such as copper, the maximum useful strain rate will be limited by the Joule heating of the specimen. For materials with resistivities and strengths substantially larger than those of copper, direct expansion of a specimen ring is difficult. Use of a composite ring, in which a high‐conductivity driver is used to launch a low‐conductivity specimen.
Group actions and singular martingales

We investigate properties of a class of martingales formed by picking a measurable set A in a compact group G, taking random rotates of A, and taking measures of the resulting intersections, suitably normalized. Such martingales are shown to yield measures on G^\infty that are singular with respect to product Haar measure, and their ergodic decompositions with respect to the shift map are analyzed. Connections are made with De Finetti theory.
Overview on the Aircraft Particle Emissions Experiment

and10-m sampling rakes contained multiple gasandparticle inlet probes to facilitate astudy of the spatial variation of emissions across the engine exhaust plane. Gas-phase emission indices measured at 1 m were in good agreement withtheenginecertificationdataaswellaswithpredictionsprovidedbytheenginecompany.However,atlowpower settings, trace-species emissions were observed to be highly dependent on ambient conditions and engine temperature. Nonvolatile particles emitted by the engine exhibited a log-normal size distribution that peaked between 15 and 40 nm, depending on engine power. Samples collected 30 m downstream of the engine exit plane exhibited a prominent nucleation mode, indicating that secondary aerosols composed of sulfuric acid and low- volatility organic species formed rapidly within the plume as it expanded and cooled. Black carbon emissions were a minimum at approach and a maximum at climb and takeoff engine power settings. Black carbon dominated total mass emissions at high thrust, whereas volatile particles contributed an equal or perhaps greater fraction at low- to midpower settings. Although variations in fuel aromatic content had no discernible impact on particle emissions, volatile particle number and mass concentrations in aged exhaust plumes were highly sensitive to the fuel sulfur content.
Proposal for estimating the punching shear load-carrying capacity of steel fibers reinforced concrete flat slabs

abstract: This paper proposes an adjusted function for estimating the punching shear load-carrying capacity of concrete flat slabs without shear reinforcement according to the Brazilian standard code. The Adjusted function considers the influence of the steel fiber content. Data from 68 steel fiber reinforced concrete slabs (SFRC slabs) were used, simulating the connection of flat slabs with square section columns. These slabs were obtained from a study conducted by 14 different researchers. The parameters used for the adjusted function were the fiber content and the compressive strength of the concrete. The adjusted function was obtained by curve-fitting. The result from the adjusted function shows a relation in the order of 1.3 between the experimental rupture load and the calculated load, a value close to that already obtained by the normative text when the calculation is for conventional concrete. This shows that the proposal presented here keeps the same level of security with a confidence index of 96% in comparison with other authors’ models presented in this study.
Investigation of partial volume correction methods for brain FDG PET studies

The use of positron emission tomography (PET) in quantitative fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) studies of aging and dementia has been limited by partial volume effects. A general method for correction of partial volume effects (PVE) in PET involves the following common procedures: segmentation of MRI brain images into gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), and muscle (MS) components: MRI PET registration; and generation of simulated PET images. Afterward, two different approaches can be taken. The first approach derives first a pixel-by-pixel correction map as the ratio of the measured image to the simulated image [with realistic full-width at half-maximum (FWHM)]. The correction map was applied to the MRI segmentation image. Regions of interest (ROI's) can then be applied to give results free of partial volume effects. The second approach uses the ROI values of the simulated "pure" image (with negligible FWHM) and those of the simulated and the measured PET images to correct for the PVE effect. By varying the ratio of radiotracer concentrations for different tissue components, the in-plane FWHM's of a three-dimensional point spread function, and the ROI size, the authors evaluated the performance of these two approaches in terms of their accuracy and sensitivity to different simulation configurations. The results showed that both approaches are more robust than the approach developed by Muller-Gartner et al. (1992), and the second approach is more accurate and more robust than the first. In conclusion, the authors recommend that the second approach should be used on FDG PET images to correct for partial volume effects and to determine whether an apparent change in GM radiotracer concentration is truly due to metabolic changes.
Dual APD array readout of LSO crystals: optimization of crystal surface treatment

Summary form only received as follows: The authors are developing a compact PET detector module by coupling an LSO scintillator array with two APD arrays to achieve high sensitivity, and high and uniform spatial resolution. They report studies on improving the depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution by optimizing the crystal surface treatment, and on the effect of crystal geometry on DOI resolution. Three 2/spl times/2/spl times/20 mm LSO crystals were treated with different surface finishes along their length: raw saw cut, polished with 12 mm grade AlO2 paper, and fine mirror polish. The 2/spl times/2 mm ends were fine mirror polished. The ratio of the signals from the APD arrays was used to measure DOI, and the sum of the signals to measure the total light output. Crystals finished with the 12 mm grade paper gave the best overall detector performance, with DOI resolutions ranging from 3.1 to 3.9 mm for all interactions with energy above /spl sim/150 keV threshold, and uniform light output for different DOI positions. The energy resolution averaged /spl sim/17%. A 1/spl times/1/spl times/20 mm and a 2/spl times/2/spl times/30 mm LSO crystals finished with saw-cut and 12 /spl mu/m grade paper were also measured, and gave DOI resolutions in the range of 2.7 to 4.4 mm, and 4.7 to 6.6 mm, respectively.
Influence of membrane viscosity on capsule dynamics in shear flow

Abstract Most previous numerical studies on capsule dynamics in shear flow have ignored the role of membrane viscosity. Here we present a numerical method for large deformation of capsules using a Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model for the membrane. After introducing the model and the related numerical implementation, we present a comprehensive analysis of the influence of the membrane viscosity on buckling, deformation and dynamics. We observe that the membrane viscosity leads to buckling in the range of shear rate in which no buckling is observed for capsules with purely elastic membrane. For moderate to large shear rates, the wrinkles on the capsule surface appear in the same range of the membrane viscosity that was reported earlier for artificial capsules and red blood cells based on experimental measurements. In order to obtain stable shapes, it is necessary to introduce the bending stiffness. It is observed that the range of the bending stiffness required is also in the same range as that reported for the red blood cells, but considerably higher than that estimated for artificial capsules. Using the stable shapes obtained in the presence of bending stiffness, we analyse the influence of membrane viscosity on deformation, inclination and tank-treading frequency of initially spherical capsules. Membrane viscosity is observed to reduce the capsule deformation, and introduce a damped oscillation in time-dependent deformation and inclination. The time-averaged inclination angle shows a non-monotonic trend with an initial decrease reaching a minimum and a subsequent increase with increasing membrane viscosity. A similar non-monotonic trend is also observed in the tank-treading frequency. We then consider the influence of the membrane viscosity on the unsteady dynamics of an initially oblate capsule. The dynamics is observed to change from a swinging motion to a tumbling motion with increasing membrane viscosity. Further, a transient dynamics is also observed in which a capsule starts with one type of dynamics, but settles with a different dynamics over a long time.
Olfaction and Gustation in Children With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Abstract Objective Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder whereby abnormal cilia cause a wide array of respiratory tract manifestations including chronic rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether olfaction and gustation are impaired in children with PCD. Study Design Cross‐sectional study. Setting Tertiary pediatric academic hospital. Methods Children with confirmed PCD based on having at least 1 of 3 approved diagnostic criteria as per The American Thoracic Society guidelines were recruited from The PCD Clinic in our tertiary care pediatric hospital. Odor identification ability was tested using the Universal Sniff (U‐Sniff) test and taste threshold was measured using an electrogustometer. The main outcome of this study is to determine the incidence of olfactory dysfunction in children with PCD and investigate if there is an associated gustatory dysfunction. Results Twenty‐five children participated (14 male, 11 female), The median age was 10.8 years (range: 4.1‐17.9 years). Only 4/25 (16%) complained of olfactory dysfunction prior to testing. None of the patients complained of dysgeusia. However, 48% (12/25) scored less than 7 on the U‐Sniff, signifying hyposmia or anosmia. In contrast, scores obtained by electrogustometry were in the normal range. There was no correlation between performance on the U‐Sniff and electrogustometry testing. Conclusion Olfactory impairment in children with PCD is common but underrecognized by patients. This is not associated with abnormal gustation. Among other, this places children with PCD at an increased risk with respect to smelling a fire or detecting spoiled or poisonous food.
Estimation of the Covariance Matrix of the Least-Squares Regression Coefficients When the Disturbance Covariance Matrix Is of Unknown Form

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the covariance matrix of the least-squares regression coefficients under heteroskedasticity and/or autocorrelation of unknown form. We consider an estimator proposed by White [17] and give a relatively simple proof of its consistency. Our proof is based on more easily verifiable conditions than those of White. An alternative estimator with improved small sample properties is also presented.
Does using active learning in thermodynamics lectures improve students’ conceptual understanding and learning experiences?

Encouraging ‘active learning’ in the large lecture theatre emerges as a credible recommendation for improving university courses, with reports often showing significant improvements in learning outcomes. However, the recommendations are based predominantly on studies undertaken in mechanics. We set out to examine those claims in the thermodynamics module of a large first year physics course with an established technique, called interactive lecture demonstrations (ILDs). The study took place at The University of Sydney, where four parallel streams of the thermodynamics module were divided into two streams that experienced the ILDs and two streams that did not. The programme was first implemented in 2011 to gain experience and refine logistical matters and repeated in 2012 with approximately 500 students. A validated survey, the thermal concepts survey, was used as pre-test and post-test to measure learning gains while surveys and interviews provided insights into what the ‘active learning’ meant from student experiences. We analysed lecture recordings to capture the time devoted to different activities in a lecture, including interactivity. The learning gains were in the ‘high gain’ range for the ILD streams and ‘medium gain’ for the other streams. The analysis of the lecture recordings showed that the ILD streams devoted significantly more time to interactivity while surveys and interviews showed that students in the ILD streams were thinking in deep ways. Our study shows that ILDs can make a difference in students’ conceptual understanding as well as their experiences, demonstrating the potential value-add that can be provided by investing in active learning to enhance lectures.