Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of growth regulators on germination and vigour of cow pea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seeds

A study was conducted during 2016-17 to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic growth regulators on germination and vigour of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seeds at Graduate laboratory, (MS). The experiment consist of three concentrations of lemon juice (2, 4 and 6%), three concentrations of Coconut Water (2, 4 and 6%), three concentrations of GA3 (10, 20 and 30 ppm) and three concentrations of IAA (10, 20 and 30 ppm). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design with four replications. T8 (GA3 20ppm) proved significantly superior in germination per cent, germination index, shoot length, root length, seedling length, fresh weight of seedling, dry weight of seedling, seed vigour index-I, and seed vigour index-II. (gm), seed vigour index-I, and seed vigour index-II. These parameters were statistically analysed and critical differences were calculated.
The Berk-Breizman Model as a Paradigm for Energetic Particle-driven Alfvén Eigenmodes

The achievement of sustained nuclear fusion in magnetically confined plasma relies on efficient confinement of alpha particles, which are high-energy ions produced by the fusion reaction. Such particles can excite instabilities in the frequency range of Alfven Eigenmodes (AEs), which significantly degrade their confinement and threatens the vacuum vessel of future reactors. In order to develop diagnostics and control schemes, a better understanding of linear and nonlinear features of resonant interactions between plasma waves and high-energy particles, which is the aim of this thesis, is required. In the case of an isolated single resonance, the description of AE destabilization by high-energy ions is homothetic to the so-called Berk-Breizman (BB) problem, which is an extension of the classic bump-on-tail electrostatic problem, including external damping to a thermal plasma, and collisions. A semi-Lagrangian simulation code, COBBLES, is developed to solve the initial-value BB problem in both perturbative (delta f) and self-consistent (full-f) approaches. Two collision models are considered, namely a Krook model, and a model that includes dynamical friction (drag) and velocity-space diffusion. The nonlinear behavior of instabilities in experimentally-relevant conditions is categorized into steady-state, periodic, chaotic, and frequency-sweeping (chirping) regimes, depending on external damping rate and collision frequency. The chaotic regime is shown to extend into a linearly stable region, and a mechanism that solves the paradox formed by the existence of such subcritical instabilities is proposed. Analytic and semi-empirical laws for nonlinear chirping characteristics, such as sweeping-rate, lifetime, and asymmetry, are developed and validated. Long-time simulations demonstrate the existence of a quasi-periodic chirping regime. Although the existence of such regime stands for both collision models, drag and diffusion are essential to reproduce the alternation between major chirping events and quiescent phases, which is observed in experiments. Based on these findings, a new method for analyzing fundamental kinetic plasma parameters, such as linear drive and external damping rate, is developed. The method, which consists of fitting procedures between COBBLES simulations and quasi-periodic chirping AE experiments, does not require any internal diagnostics. This approach is applied to Toroidicity-induced AEs (TAEs) on JT-60 Upgrade and Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak devices, which yields estimations of local kinetic parameters and suggests the existence of TAEs relatively far from marginal stability. The results are validated by recovering measured growth and decay of perturbation amplitude, and by estimating collision frequencies from experimental equilibrium data.
Structure And Photoactivity Of Titania From Nanotubes By Hydrothermal Process In Photodegradation Of Phenols

The photocatalytic activity of titania from nanotubes (TiNT) to eliminate phenol was investigated. Titania nanotubes were prepared using a hydrothermal method, followed by an acid washing process and calcination at various temperatures. The as-prepared titania nanotubes were then characterized using various methods: field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X–ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The experimental results showed that the calcination temperature strongly influenced several TiNT properties that determine the phenol photodegradation activity of TiNT. As the calcination temperature increased, the nanotube morphology became more rigid and defective and even became damaged when the temperature was excessively high. The crystallinity and crystal size of TiNT increased however, the surface area decreased as the calcination temperature increased. Interestingly, the TiNT band gap was independent of the calcination process. The TiNT sample calcined at 700 °C showed the best performance for phenol photodegradation achieving 54% of phenol elimination due to its high level of titania anatase while maintaining the nanotube structure. At a higher calcination temperature (800 °C), the photocatalytic activity of TiNT was very low due to the formation of the rutile phase and the absence of the nanotube structure.
STABILITY, FREE ENERGY AND DYNAMICS OF MULTI-SPIKES IN THE MINIMAL KELLER–SEGEL MODEL

One of the most impressive ﬁndings in chemotaxis is the aggregation that randomly distributed bacteria, when starved, release a diﬀusive chemical to attract and group with others to form one or several stable ag-gregates in a long time. This paper considers pattern formation within the minimal Keller–Segel chemotaxis model with a focus on the stability and dynamics of its multi-spike steady states. We ﬁrst show that any steady-state must be a periodic replication of the spatially monotone one and they present multi-spikes when the chemotaxis rate is large; moreover, we prove that all the multi-spikes are unstable through their reﬁned asymptotic proﬁles, and then ﬁnd a fully-ﬂedged hierarchy of free entropy energy of these aggregates. Our results also complement the literature by ﬁnding that when the chemotaxis is strong, the single boundary spike has the least energy hence is the most stable, the steady-state with more spikes has larger free energy, while the constant has the largest free energy and is always unstable. These results provide new insights into the model’s intricate global dynamics, and they are illustrated and complemented by numerical studies which also demonstrate the metastability and phase transition behavior in chemotactic movement. rate is large, the single boundary spike is the least energy solution among all the steady states, whereas the constant solution has the largest energy; moreover, the energy increases as the number of spikes. In light of the energy dissipation (1.10), the hierarchy indicates that the single boundary spike is the most stable and the constant solution is most unstable when the chemotaxis rate is large. Accordingly, the spatial-temporal dy- namics of (1.1) are dominated by the single boundary spike but for symmetric initial data. These ﬁndings will be demonstrated and veriﬁed in our coming simulations.
from shading in a new

16 How do humans see three-dimensional shape based on two-dimensional shading? Much 17 research has assumed that a ‘light from above’ bias solves the ambiguity of shape from shading. 18 Counter to the ‘light from above’ bias, studies of Bayesian priors have found that such a bias can 19 be swayed by other light cues. Despite the persuasive power of the Bayesian models, many new 20 studies and books cite the original ‘light from above’ findings. Here I present a version of the 21 Bayesian result that can be experienced. The perception of shape-from-shading based was found 22 here to be influenced by an external light source, even when the light was obstructed and did not 23 directly illuminate a two-dimensional stimulus. The results imply that this effect is robust and 24 not low-level in nature. The perception of shape from shading is not necessarily based on a hard- 25 wired internal representation of lighting direction, but rather assesses the direction of lighting in 26 the scene adaptively. Here, for the first time, is an experiential opportunity to see what the 27 Bayesian models have supported all along.
Computation and visualization of invariant manifolds

In this thesis, we start with the basic concepts of dynamical systems. Then we introduce the general types of problems that the well-known software package AUTO solves. AUTO uses a boundary value algorithm with Gauss collocation and pseudo-arclength continuation. These two features distinguish AUTO from other general ODE solvers for dynamical systems. In order to compute 2D solution manifolds, AUTO uses orbit continuation. With these tools, we study two famous problems, the Lorenz system and the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP). We briefly discuss the basic bifurcation and stability analysis of general ODE systems. The numerical analysis of the two problems leads to the newest algorithm to compute the 2D stable manifold of the origin of the Lorenz system and the 2D unstable manifold of appropriate periodic orbits of the CR3BP. We utilize Python for the flow control of AUTO. We also implement two visualization packages, QTPlaut and MATPlaut. They make possible the processing of large quantities of AUTO solution data with the OpenGL graphical library, dynamic memory allocation and interpolation methods. We conclude with prospect for future research.
FECAL INDICATORS OF NELLORE BOVINES FED HIGH CONCENTRATE DIETS

The present work had as objective to evaluate the effects of high grain diets on fecal parameters in 20 Nellore bovines at 28 months of age. The experimental design was completely randomized. Treatments were constituted of the following diets: total mixed ration + sugar cane bagasse DT + BIN (10% in natura sugarcane bagasse, 54.52% ground sorghum, 10.94% cottonseed, 18% soybean hull, 2.54% soybean meal, and 4% premix); whole corn grain MGI (75% whole corn grain, 10% soybean hull, and 15% premix) and total mixed ration DT (44.41% ground sorghum, 16.7% cottonseed, 28.89% soybean meal, and 10% premix). For the assessment of fecal pH and fecal starch, samples of feces were taken from the rectum of each animal on the 54 th , 55 th , 56 th and 57 th days of the experiment in the morning. Fecal pH was determined after the addition of 100 mL of distilled water in 15 g of fresh feces by the introduction of the tip of the electrode of a microprocessed pH meter. The remaining sample was stored in ice for later freezing. Fresh feces of the animals were evaluated daily during the whole experimental length in three periods aiming at evaluating occurrences of gut disturbances. Percentage means of fecal starch, fecal dry matter, pH in the site of starch fermentation and starch intake were not influenced by treatments (P>0.05). NDF of feces and the score of fecal consistency were influenced by treatments (P<0.05). The MGI diet (with the lowest content of peNDF) presented the lowest score of feces and percentage of fecal NDF. However, the percentage of starch and fecal pH, fecal dry matter and starch intake were not affected by peNDF contents in the diets. Animals fed MGI had lower fecal NDF. The concentration of fecal NDF was similar for the treatments DT + BIN and DT. The lower content of fecal NDF in the treatment MGI is due to lower intake of NDF and possibly because of better digestibility of this diet. Animals in MGI treatment presented feces with softer consistence (score 2.92). Feces of the animals in DT + BIN treatment were more consistent (score 3.12), and the ones from the animals DT + BIN treatment DT were even harder (score 3.2). There was positive correlation between fecal starch and intake efficiency and a tendency of positive correlation between fecal starch and GMD. Diets with high concentrate proportion with the addition of 10% BIN in dry matter produces a higher frequency of consistent feces.
Transcription-Independent Turnover of I (cid:107) B (cid:97) during Monocyte Adherence: Implications for a Translational Component Regulating I (cid:107) B (cid:97) /MAD-3 mRNA Levels

We identiﬁed I (cid:107) B (cid:97) /MAD-3 as an immediate-early gene in human monocytes that is expressed in response to a variety of signals, including adhesion, lipopolysaccharide, and phorbol myristate acetate. Within 5 min of monocyte adhesion, the level of the I (cid:107) B (cid:97) protein is markedly diminished but is rapidly replaced in a cycloheximide-sensitive manner within 20 min. Accompanying the rapid turnover of the I (cid:107) B (cid:97) protein is simultaneous translocation of NF- (cid:107) B-related transcription factors to nuclei of adhered monocytes. The demonstration that NF- (cid:107) B can regulate I (cid:107) B (cid:97) /MAD-3 gene transcription in other cell types suggested that the rapid increase in steady-state I (cid:107) B (cid:97) /MAD-3 mRNA levels we observed within 30 min of monocyte adherence would result from NF- (cid:107) B-dependent transcriptional stimulation of the I (cid:107) B (cid:97) /MAD-3 gene. Nuclear run-on analyses indicated that, instead,
Physiological E ﬀ ects of Visual Stimulation Using Knotty and Clear Wood Images among Young Women

: Wood is a sustainable and natural material used in interior design for living environment. Knots are prominent features on wood surfaces, and they a ﬀ ect a user’s building preference and impression. Data on the e ﬀ ects of wood knots on human physiological responses are limited. Hence, further studies should be conducted. This study examined the e ﬀ ects of interior wall images comprising knotty or clear wood on physiological responses. Computer graphics were used to prepare wall images of knotty or clear lumber. A gray image was set as the control. In total, 28 adult Japanese female university students were included in this study. They observed two types of wood interior wall images for 90 s. The control was also set for 90 s. The oxyhemoglobin level in the prefrontal cortex measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) and the activities of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves assessed using the heart rate variability (HRV) were utilized as physiological indexes. TRS sensors, which emit and receive near-infrared light, were attached to frontal pole (Fp) 1 and Fp2, based on the international 10–20 method. R-R interval was measured using HRV sensors attached based on the three-point guidance method, and frequency data were analyzed to assess high frequency (HF), which reﬂects parasympathetic nervous system activity, and the ratio of high and low frequencies (LF / HF), which reﬂects sympathetic nervous system activity. The knotty wood sedated the right prefrontal cortex activity compared with the control and enhanced parasympathetic nerve activity compared with before stimulation. Clear wood sedated the left prefrontal cortex activity compared with the control and suppressed sympathetic nerve activity compared with before stimulation. Subjective evaluations revealed that compared with gray wall images, both knotty and clear wood images signiﬁcantly promoted comfort, relaxation, and natural feeling and improved overall mood states. In addition, clear wood image had a more positive subjective e ﬀ ect than knotty image. Wall images comprising knotty or clear wood, when used as a visual stimulus, have a physiological relaxation e ﬀ ect among adult women in their 20 s.
Virological Consequences of Early Events following Cell-Cell Contact between Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1-Infected and Uninfected CD4 (cid:1) Cells (cid:1)

Human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected cells transmit viral products to uninfected CD4 (cid:1) cells very rapidly. However, the natures of the transmitted viral products and the mechanism of transmission, as well as the relative virological consequences, have not yet been fully clariﬁed. We studied the virological events occurring a few hours after contact between HIV-1-infected and uninfected CD4 (cid:1) cells using a coculture cell system in which the virus expression in target cells could be monitored through the induction of a green ﬂuorescent protein reporter gene driven by HIV-1 long terminal repeats. Within 16 h of coculture, we observed two phenomena not related to the cell-free virus infection, i.e., the formation of donor-target cell fusions and a fusion-independent internalization of viral particles likely occurring at least in part through intercellular connections. Both events depended on the expression of Env and CD4 in donor and target cells, respectively, whereas the HIV-1 internalization required clathrin activity in target cells. Importantly, both phenomena were also observed in cocultures of primary CD4 (cid:1) lymphocytes, while primary macrophages supported only HIV-1 endocytosis. By investigating the virological consequences of these events, we noticed that while fused cells released infectious HIV-1 particles, albeit with reduced efﬁciency compared with donor cells, no virus expression type-matched PE-conjugated IgG. The expression of cell membrane (cid:4) NGFr was revealed through indirect FACS labeling using the anti-human NGFr 20.4 MAb. HIV-1 35 S metabolic labeling and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. CEM HN cells were cocultivated with U937 puro r HIV-1 cells for 16 h, separated as described above, and labeled for 6 h with 1.85 MBq of both [ 35 S]methionine and [ 35 S]cys-teine in methionine/cysteine-free medium in the presence of 10% dialyzed dFCS and 2.5 (cid:2) g/ml of puromycin. The supernatants were then clariﬁed and ultracentrifuged on a 20% sucrose cushion. Finally, the viral pellets were lysed in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA (TNE)–0.1% Triton X-100, and equal volumes of the lysates were immunoprecipitated with a pool of strongly reactive anti-HIV-1 antibodies. Immunoprecipitations were carried out by incubating protein A-G agarose beads (Pierce, Rockford, IL) for 2 h atroom tem- perature with either anti-HIV-1 or control sera. Afterwards, the labeled virions were added in the presence of antiproteolytic agents. After an overnight incu- bation, immunocomplexed proteins were resolved in 10% sodium dodecyl sul-fate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ﬁnally revealed by autoradiography.
Inﬂuence of PKC- (cid:1) overexpression on HSP70 and cardioprotection

PKC- overexpression on HSP70 cardioprotection. research has indicated that the protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms and the heat shock proteins (HSPs) are involved in cardioprotection. We have investigated the possible interaction between these two protein families. We have found that adenoviral-mediated expression of PKC- (cid:1) in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) not only increases the expression of HSP70 but also protects against simulated ischemia-reperfusion. In addition, Western blots of PKC- (cid:1) -infected NRVM indicated that other HSPs are not induced in the same manner as HSP70. In an effort to determine the mechanism of induction of HSP70 by PKC- (cid:1) , we tested a chimeric construct that linked the luciferase reporter gene to the 5 (cid:2) -promoter region of HSP70 in myogenic H9c2 cells. When PKC- (cid:1) was expressed, the 5 (cid:2) -promoter region of the HSP70 responded robustly, indicating that PKC- (cid:1) induction of HSP70 expression is through transcription activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay determined that overexpression of PKC- (cid:1) , PKC- (cid:3) , or PKC- (cid:4) did not induce activation of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1). Therefore, induction of HSP70 by PKC- (cid:1) is independent of heat shock factor-1 activation. We also measured cellular injury by assessing creatine kinase (CK) release from NRVM after simulated ischemia to determine cardioprotection. NRVM infected with the wild-type adenoviral construct AdwtPKC- (cid:1) released 54% less CK than control NRVM. Experiments using small interfering RNA against HSP70 indicate that loss of PKC- (cid:1) -induced HSP70 expression results in increased CK release or a loss of protection. Our results show that there is a close interaction between PKC- (cid:1) and HSP70, independent of heat shock factor-1 activation, and that the protection conferred by PKC- (cid:1) overexpression is mediated by the transcriptionally induced expression of HSP70.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Asymptotic theory for rough fractional vasicek models Asymptotic theory for rough fractional vasicek models

• Establish asymptotic theory for the LS estimator of the persistency parameter in fVm when the Hurst parameter is less than 1/2. • Establish asymptotic theory for the LS estimator of the drift parameter in fVm when the Hurst parameter is less than 1/2. • Establish asymptotic theory for the ergodic-type estimator of the persistency parameter in the stationary fVm when the Hurst parameter is less than 1/2. • Establish asymptotic theory for the ergodic-type estimator of the drift parameter in the stationary fVm when the Hurst parameter is less than 1/2. This paper extends the asymptotic theory for the fractional Vasicek model developed in Xiao and Yu (2018) from the case where H ∈ (1 / 2 , 1) to where H ∈ (0 , 1 / 2). It is found that the asymptotic theory of the persistence parameter ( κ ) critically depends on the sign of κ . Moreover, if κ > 0, the asymptotic distribution for the estimator of κ is different when H ∈ (0 , 1 / 2) from that when H ∈ (1 / 2 , 1).
Weak Cosmic Censorship, Superradiance and Quantum Particle Creation

Starting in 2007, a string of papers argue about if the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) can be violated by classically forbidden interactions between particles and slightly subextremal black holes, occurring via the quantum nature of the particles; and where backreaction and/or superradiance are pointed out as effects working in the direction of preserving the WCCC. We correct/modify a backreaction argument, point out that transmission/reflection coefficients for relativistic wave equations are not the respective probabilities, and conclude that superradiance does not prevent single particles from being captured by the black hole; even if this capture would lead to WCCC violation. Then we consider the spontaneous emission (which we call the Zel'dovich-Unruh ``ZU'' effect) of particles by the black hole, and point out that it completely invalidates the mentioned single- or few-particle thought experiments. We find that at least for scalars, the ZU effect can be understood without second quantization; and reevaluate our previous work on scalar fields interacting with black holes in view of this new understanding, finding that it becomes inconclusive.