Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saving Little Red Riding Hood: A Qualitative Study of Parental Role Construction for Involvement in Children’s Education

In the Hoover-Dempsey at al. model (2005), parental role construction for involvement in children’s education is defined as socially constructed beliefs and expectations about what parents should do in relation to their children’s education. The qualitative exploration of parental role constructions and factors that might shape parents’ understanding of their role was conducted in five elementary schools in Zagreb, Croatia. Data was collected via 59 semi-structured interviews with parents of children attending primary and lower secondary education. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied for interview data coding and analysis. Most parents exhibited an active role construction and experienced a strong sense of personal responsibility for their children’s educational outcomes and development. Parents’ beliefs about necessary and appropriate involvement activities, rights and responsibilities were shaped by immediate and wider social contexts including school, as well as by perception of the child’s developmental needs. Parents constructed their role through processes of social comparison with other families in their social networks, and by reflecting on their childhood memories and their own current experiences with others related to schooling. Three modalities of role construction were identified that shape parental decisions regarding the form and intensity of their involvement with their child: proactive support and assistance, on-demand activation and active control
Sex and age differences in self-regulated learning for lifelong education

Vjestine samoregulacije ucenja osnovni su preduvjet uspjesnog cjeloživotnog ucenja. U neformalnim i informalnim oblicima cjeloživotnog obrazovanja cesto su elementi motiviranja, nadzora, a ponegdje i vrednovanja prepusteni uceniku i zbog toga su mu potrebne iznimne vjestine samoregulacije. Samoregulacija je važna i u ranim formalnim oblicima obrazovanja jer objasnjava razlike između ucenikove stvarne izvedbe i izvedbe predviđene temeljem njegovih sposobnosti, neposredne obiteljske ili skolske okoline i kvalitete poucavanja. Cilj ovog rada jeste empirijski provjeriti neke osobne i razvojne odrednice samoregulacije ucenja u visim razredima osnovne skole. U istraživanju je sudjelovao 431 ucenik (51 % djevojcica) od petog do osmog razreda (M=12, 52 ; SD=1, 13 ). Ucenici su ispunili list s opcim podacima i Skalu komponenti samoreguliranog ucenja (Loncaric, 2007, 2008). Vecina spolnih razlika bila je u skladu s prethodnim istraživanjima i modelima. Neki rezultati istraživanja vezani uz dobne razlike bili su iznenađujuci utoliko sto su stariji ucenici (kod kojih možemo ocekivati veci stupanj razvoja interpersonalnih, kognitivnih i metakognitivnih vjestina i sposobnosti) postigli losije rezultate na cijelom nizu komponenti samoreguliranog ucenja. Iako se dio nalaza može povezati s pubertetskim promjenama i specificnostima rane adolescencije, treba se zapitati jesu li nastavnici spremni i osposobljeni poticati samoregulirano ucenje i barem ublažiti ocigledno opadanje akademske samoregulacije u visim razredima osnovne skole.
Chapter 2: Climate, disturbance, and vulnerability to vegetation change in the Northwest Forest Plan Area

Introduction Climate change is expected to alter the composition, structure, and function of forested ecosystems in the United States (Vose et al. 2012). Increases in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide [CO2]) and temperature, as well as altered precipitation and disturbance regimes (e.g., fire, insects, pathogens, and windstorms), are expected to have profound effects on biodiversity, socioeconomics, and the delivery of ecosystem services within the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP, or Plan) area over the next century (Dale et al. 2001, Franklin et al. 1991). The ecological interactions and diversity of biophysical settings in the region are complex. The effects of climate change on ecological processes will occur through a variety of mechanisms at a range of spatial scales and levels of biological organization, ranging from the physiological responses of individual plants to the composition and structure of stands and landscapes (Peterson et al. 2014a). Understanding and incorporating how climate change projections and the potential ecological effects and uncertainties differ within the region (e.g., Deser et al. 2012) is essential for developing adaptation and mitigation strategies. Climate change has the potential to affect all ecological and socioeconomic components of the NWFP, as well as other objectives for federal forest managers in this region. However, climate change is only one factor that managers must consider when addressing conservation and other goals for the NWFP region. The overarching goal of this chapter is to lay a general foundation of current knowledge and understanding of climate change for the subsequent chapters in this synthesis report, and not to analyze and report the projected effects of climate change on all the different components of the Plan in detail. The chapters that follow address the role of climate change in the context of their particular topics (e.g., northern spotted owls, aquatic ecosystems). This chapter focuses on the following topics: • Regional climate setting, including an introduction to the major vegetation zones and disturbance regimes of the region (see chapter 3 for a more detailed discussion of disturbance regimes) • Climate history of the region from the Holocene through the 20th century • Overview of climate modeling approaches and limitations • Projected changes in climate and how these vary across the region • Mechanisms of vegetation change and potential climate change vulnerabilities • Projected effects on vegetation at regional scales • Uncertainties associated with models and knowledge of climate change effects • Management considerations and strategies for adaptation and climate change mitigation goals. (See chapters 3 and 12 for a more complete discussion of management options)
Water resources management in Tanzania: identifying research gaps and needs and recommendations for a research agenda

This paper aims at identifying research gaps and needs and recommendations for a research agenda on water resources management in Tanzania. We reviewed published literature on water resources management in Tanzania in order to highlight what is currently known, and to identify knowledge gaps, and suggest areas that need further research. The paper is in four parts which address: water resources as impacted by climate change; management of water resources in Rainfed agriculture; management of water resources in irrigated agriculture and water management catchment studies. Review of water resources management in Tanzania; Global literature review on water resources management; Knowledge gaps on water resources management in Tanzania; and Proposed research agenda and researchable issues. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to review published literature on water resources management in Tanzania in order to highlight what is currently known, and to identify knowledge gaps, and suggest areas that need further research. However, the scope of the paper is limited to the following core areas: water resources as impacted by climate change; management of water resources in Rainfed agriculture; management of water resources in irrigated agriculture and water management catchment studies. Keywords: Water resources management, Research gaps, Research agenda, Climate change, Land use change
Control of asperities size and spacing on seismic behavior of subduction megathrusts

The majority of the largest subduction megathrust earthquakes share the common characteristic of rupturing more than one asperity along strike of the margin. Understanding the factors that control coseismic failure of multiple asperities, and thus maximum magnitude, is central for seismic hazard assessment. To investigate the role of asperities size and spacing on maximum magnitude, seismicity rate, and percentage of synchronized ruptures, we use analog models simulating along‐strike rupture behavior of megathrust earthquakes. We found negative correlations between the barrier‐to‐asperity length ratio Db/Da and maximum magnitude and seismicity rate. Db/Da also controls the process of asperities synchronization along the megathrust. A permanent barrier behavior is observed for Db/Da > 0.5. Comparing our experimental results to the Nankai Trough historical seismicity, we propose that the distribution of megathrust frictional heterogeneities likely explains the diversity of earthquakes which occurred there.
Machine Learning Method to Predict the Toddlers’ Nutritional Status

Malnutrition is one of the leading health problems experienced by toddlers in various countries. Based on the 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey results, malnutrition in children under five in Indonesia is higher than the average malnutrition in Africa and globally. Therefore, a way is needed to predict the nutritional status of children under five early and quickly so that the Government (through District Health Office) can immediately provide the necessary treatment. This study aims to predict or classify the toddlers’ nutritional status based on age, body mass index (BMI), weight, and body length using various machine learning (ML) methods, namely naïve Bayes, linear discriminant analysis, decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, and support vector machine. The predictive performance of each ML method was evaluated based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, the area under curve, and Cohen's Kappa coefficient. The test results show that the RF method is the most recommended for predicting toddlers' nutritional status. The study's contribution is to obtain information about toddlers' nutritional status easier.
Tumor reduction after SARS‑CoV‑2 infection in a patient with lung cancer: A case report

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Since the global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on lung cancer has been extensively studied. Despite reports about SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing a significant increase in the number of medical visits for patients with cancer, the virus has also been reported to produce some unknown benefits. The present study reports the case of a patient with lung cancer whose tumor lesion was reduced in size after SARS-CoV-2 infection even though the therapeutic regimen remained unchanged. Although the mechanism involved is not yet understood, this case supports the novel idea of applying SARS-CoV-2 in oncolytic virotherapy.
STUDY OF THE AUSTENITE DECOMPOSITION AND FORMATION OF PROEUTECTOID CEMENTITE IN HYPER-EUTECTOID STEELS

Eutectoid and hypereutectoid steels are extensively used for different engineering applications, because they offer a useful combination of strength and ductility as well as good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and machinability. In these steels, the major microstructural microconstituent is pearlite. However, depending on the chemical composition of the austenite prior to transformation and the thermal path during the decomposition of austenite, i.e., rate of cooling to the transformation temperature, the formation of proeutectoid cementite along the prior-austenite grain boundaries might take place. The presence of proeutectoid cementite along the austenite grain boundaries has a deleterious effect on the final mechanical properties of these fully pearlitic steels. Thermomechanical processing studies on hypereutectoid steels have shown that the composition and microstructural conditions of austenite prior to transformation to a fully pearlitic microstructure has a strong effect on reducing the formation of proeutectoid cementite along the austenite grain boundaries as well as the refinement of the interlamellar spacing. A study of the effect of different microstructural features and precipitation behavior on the mechanical properties and wear behavior is presented.
Fingerprinting source contributions to bed sediment‐associated organic matter in the headwater subcatchments of the River Itchen SAC, Hampshire, UK

Excessive accumulation of sediment‐associated organic matter in river beds has detrimental impacts on aquatic ecology, including fish. Sediment and source samples were collected from 3 headwater tributaries of the River Itchen, in southern England. Near infrared spectra and bulk stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were employed as fingerprint properties to quantify the relative contributions from catchment‐based (farmyard manures/slurries, damaged road verges, and septic tanks) and channel‐based (decaying instream vegetation, watercress farms, and fish farms) sources. The findings suggested that over the duration of the sampling period, the final estimated median relative contributions in the Candover Stream subcatchment were in the order: farmyard measures/slurries 74% > decaying instream vegetation 15% > watercress farms 6% > septic tanks 3% > damaged road verges 2%. For the River Arle subcatchment, corresponding estimated median relative contributions were in the order: watercress farms 40% > farmyard manures/slurries 28% > decaying instream vegetation 21% > fish farms 7% > damaged road verges and septic tanks 2% each. Similar contributions were estimated for the Tichborne Stream subcatchment: watercress farms 36% > farmyard manures/slurries 26% > decaying instream vegetation 26% and damaged road verges and septic tanks at 6% each. These source apportionment estimates will contribute to stakeholder engagement and targeted management interventions.
Colonic Electrical Stimulation for Chronic Constipation: A Perspective Review

Chronic constipation affects around 20% of the population and there is no efficient solution. This perspective review explores the potential of colonic electric stimulation (CES) using neural implants and methods of bioelectronic medicine as a therapeutic way to treat chronic constipation. The review covers the neurophysiology of colonic peristaltic function, the pathophysiology of chronic constipation, the technical aspects of CES, including stimulation parameters, electrode placement, and neuromodulation target selection, as well as a comprehensive analysis of various animal models highlighting their advantages and limitations in elucidating the mechanistic insights and translational relevance for CES. Finally, the main challenges and trends in CES are discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE COOPERATIVE SCRIPT METHOD ON SELF-CONFIDENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON STUDENTS’ PUBLIC SPEAKING SKILLS

Abstract This research aims to examine the relationship of the cooperative script method in increasing self-confidence and its impact on public speaking skills. This study used path analysis with 37 students as the sample. Data collection was through a questionnaire to assess learning methods, self-confidence, and public speaking skills. The data were analyzed through linear regression and Sobel tests. The results showed that 1) The cooperative script method had an influence on students' self-confidence; 2) Students' self-confidence had an influence on their public speaking skills; 3) The cooperative script method did not have a significant direct effect on students' public speaking skills so that the cooperative script method has an indirect effect on students' public speaking skills through self-confidence as a mediating variable. Therefore, to improve public speaking skills indirectly, learning methods or models that affect self-confidence are needed because self-confidence is one of the components that can affect students' public speaking skills.
Evaluation of Soil Total Nitrogen as an Indicator of Soil Bacterial Community Response to Biochar and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Applications

Biochar and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are widely used as an amendment for soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial community diversity. In Guangxi, China, we carried out a study to determine how PGPR and biochar influence the soil’s environmental stability in an Eucalypt plantation. We applied biochar and PGPR in a contrasting application manner to an acidic red loam soil. Thus, three treatments were set up as 5 × 1010 CFU·mL−1 PGPR-only (MB0), 20 t·hm−2 biochar-only (B20), and co-application of 20 t·hm−2 biochar and 5 × 1010 CFU·mL−1 PGPR (MB20), as well as no biochar and no PGPR (M0B0). Our results indicated that MB20 significantly decreased the soil total nitrogen (TN) and increased the soil total phosphorus (Soil TP), soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+), and soil water content (SWC) when compared with the control. The MB20 also significantly increased the Simpson, ACE, and Chao indices of the soil bacterial community’s diversity relative to the control. We also observed a significant effect of the Soil TN on both the bacterial community and the functional diversity in soil. These findings may indicate that assessing the soil N status is expected to be an essential indicator of the soil microenvironment’s response to biochar and PGPR applications.
Fluid‐Enhanced Annealing in the Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle Beneath the Westernmost Margin of the Carpathian‐Pannonian Extensional Basin System

Mantle xenoliths from the Styrian Basin Volcanic Field (Western Pannonian Basin, Austria) are mostly coarse granular amphibole‐bearing spinel lherzolites with microstructures attesting for extensive annealing. Olivine and pyroxene CPO (crystal‐preferred orientation) preserve nevertheless the record of coeval deformation during a preannealing tectonic event. Olivine shows transitional CPO symmetry from [010]‐fiber to orthogonal type. In most samples with [010]‐fiber olivine CPO symmetry, the [001] axes of the pyroxenes are also dispersed in the foliation plane. This CPO patterns are consistent with lithospheric deformation accommodated by dislocation creep in a transpressional tectonic regime. The lithospheric mantle deformed most probably during the transpressional phase after the Penninic slab breakoff in the Eastern Alps. The calculated seismic properties of the xenoliths indicate that a significant portion of shear wave splitting delay times in the Styrian Basin (0.5 s out of approximately 1.3 s) may originate in a highly annealed subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Hydroxyl content in olivine is correlated to the degree of annealing, with higher concentrations in the more annealed textures. Based on the correlation between microstructures and hydroxyl content in olivine, we propose that annealing was triggered by percolation of hydrous fluids/melts in the shallow subcontinental lithospheric mantle. A possible source of these fluids/melts is the dehydration of the subducted Penninic slab beneath the Styrian Basin. The studied xenoliths did not record the latest large‐scale geodynamic events in the region—the Miocene extension then tectonic inversion of the Pannonian Basin.
Saving the Last West African Giraffe Population: A Review of Its Conservation Status and Management

Simple Summary This review focuses on the West African giraffe and summarizes their past and present conservation management activities. It evaluates their impact to advise and prioritize future conservation actions moving forward. This review covers monitoring and annual censuses, local community engagement, habitat use, and translocation. Recommendations for the long-term conservation of the West African giraffe are provided as a summary. Abstract The West African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta) was historically spread across much of the Sudano-Sahelian zone but is now restricted to Niger. Several factors resulted in their dramatic decline during the late 20th century. In 1996, only 49 individuals remained, concentrated in the ‘Giraffe Zone’. Conservation activities implemented by the Government of Niger, supported by local communities and NGOs, facilitated their population numbers to increase. This review summarizes past and present conservation activities and evaluates their impact to advise and prioritize future conservation actions for the West African giraffe. The long-term conservation of the West African giraffe is highly dependent on the local communities who live alongside them, as well as supplementary support from local and international partners. Recent conservation initiatives range from community-based monitoring to the fitting of GPS satellite tags to better understand their habitat use, spatial movements to expansion areas, and environmental education to the establishment of the first satellite population of West African giraffe in Gadabedji Biosphere Reserve, the latter serving as a flagship for the future restoration of large mammal populations in West Africa. The integration of modern technologies and methods will hopefully provide better-quality data, improved spatial analyses, and greater understanding of giraffe ecology to inform the long-term management of West African giraffe.
The Comparative Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) With the Combination of Pregabalin and Nortriptyline on Post-extraction Trigeminal Neuropathy by Using Magnetic Resonance (MR) Neurography: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Aim The aim of this randomized clinical trial is to compare the efficacy of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) with the combination of pregabalin and nortriptyline in treating post-extraction trigeminal neuropathy using magnetic resonance neurography (MRN). Methods The present prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 patients (20 in each group). In group I (positive control group), a combination of 75 mg of pregabalin and 10 mg of nortriptyline was administered once daily for the duration of 12 weeks. In group II, 600 mg of palmitoylethanolamide was given twice a day. In group III, a combination therapy of the abovementioned drugs was given. The efficacy of the drug was assessed by measuring pain intensity in terms of the numeric rating scale (NRS) (primary outcome) and changes (signal intensity and nerve thickness) in magnetic resonance neurography (secondary outcome) at various intervals of time. The data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) at the significance level of P<0.05. Results A significant decrease in post-drug mean NRS scores was observed in all three groups. In terms of reduction in the mean NRS, the combination group showed the highest reduction. Palmitoylethanolamide significantly reduces pain scores with negligible side effects. Conclusion Palmitoylethanolamide helps in the reduction of mild to moderate pain of painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) with minimal side effects, suggesting that it may be used where the use of the conventional drug is either contraindicated or not feasible.