Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual polarization VLBI observations of stellar binary systems at 5 GHz

The binary systems Sigma CrB, SZ Psc, HR 1099, UX Ari, HR 5110, Algol, and Cyg X-1 are characterized in terms of marcsec-scale radio structure on the basis of dual-polarization observations at 4.969-4.997 GHz, obtained with an international VLBI array comprising the 100-m Effelsberg, 36-m Haystack, 42-m Green Bank, 26-m Fort Davis, 130-m-equivalent VLA, and 40-m Owens Valley telescopes (system temperatures 40-70 K) at 22-14 h UT on July 26-27, 1983. The data are presented in graphs and tables and discussed in detail. Single Gaussian brightness distributions with theta(FWHM) = 0.5-2.0 marcsec and brightness temperatures (2-200) x 10 to the 8th K are determined for four sources; core-halo structures are found for UX Ari and Algol; and an upper limit of 50 microarcsec is established for the angular separation of the regions of left and right circular polarization. The gross features seen in RS CVn systems are explained in terms of a simple expanding-coronal-loop model of flare events.
Statistical Study of Global Lightning Activity and Thunderstorm‐Induced Gravity Waves in the Ionosphere Using WWLLN and GNSS‐TEC

We present a statistical study of global lightning activity and correlate this activity with ionospheric fluctuations in the Total Electron Content (TEC). Thunderstorms play a significant role in modulating the ionosphere's plasma distribution. Using the well‐known World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) system, we investigate the diurnal, monthly, and seasonal variations in lightning stroke numbers across six continents. Typically, the monsoon causes a significant increase in lightning occurrences, as reflected in the WWLLN observations. We chose a time frame of July–December 2019, which usually covers the peak and post‐monsoon seasons on all the continents. The diurnal lightning activity is observed to be highest in the early afternoon for all the locations. In addition, we observe hemispherical changes in lightning activity that appear opposite in nature. Using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)‐International GNSS Service data, we use the Vertical TEC (VTEC) and Rate of change Of TEC Index as proxies for the amplitude scintillation S4 index. Using the wavelet analysis of the small‐scale fluctuations in the VTEC profile, we provide a time series analysis of wave‐like TEC fluctuations alongside lightning stroke count as a proxy for thunderstorm activity. It is found that, in most cases, Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) or a local maximum of small‐scale fluctuation in VTEC (dVTEC) that could be coupled to atmospheric gravity waves are observed during periods of peak thunderstorm activity. Most of the locations show that the spectral power of TIDs and the stroke energy density are highly correlated.
Design and Development of a Spanish Hearing Test for Speech in Noise (PAHRE)

Background: There are few hearing tests in Spanish that assess speech discrimination in noise in the adult population that take into account the Lombard effect. This study presents the design and development of a Spanish hearing test for speech in noise (Prueba Auditiva de Habla en Ruido en Español (PAHRE) in Spanish). The pattern of the Quick Speech in Noise test was followed when drafting sentences with five key words each grouped in lists of six sentences. It was necessary to take into account the differences between English and Spanish. Methods: A total of 61 people (24 men and 37 women) with an average age of 46.9 (range 18–84 years) participated in the study. The work was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, a list of Spanish sentences was drafted and subjected to a familiarity test based on the semantic and syntactic characteristics of the sentences; as a result, a list of sentences was selected for the final test. In the second phase, the selected sentences were recorded with and without the Lombard effect, the equivalence between both lists was analysed, and the test was applied to a first reference population. Results: The results obtained allow us to affirm that it is representative of the Spanish spoken in its variety in peninsular Spain. Conclusions: In addition, these results point to the usefulness of the PAHRE test in assessing speech in noise by maintaining a fixed speech intensity while varying the intensity of the multi-speaker background noise. The incorporation of the Lombard effect in the test shows discrimination differences with the same signal-to-noise ratio compared to the test without the Lombard effect.
Forms of all spacetime metrics which admit [(11) (11)] Killing tensors with nonconstant eigenvalues

Forms are obtained for all of the spacetime metrics which admit or are conformal to those which admit Killing tensors whose Segre characteristics are [(11) (11)] and whose eigenvalues λ(1) and λ(2) are not constants. No a priori assumptions are made concerning separability, isometries, invertibility, Petrov type, or the matter tensor. Some of our metrical forms, viz., those for which the Hamilton–Jacobi equation is separable or partially separable after multiplication by an integrating factor, are already known; in particular, they include all of Carter’s Hamilton–Jacobi separable spacetimes. Also, some of our metrical forms are new and may be applicable to finding interesting nonvacuum metrics which admit [(11) (11)] Killing tensors, but which do not necessarily have any Killing vectors. Though our results include a class of metrics for which λ(1) and/or λ(2) are constant, they do not include all such metrics; in an appendix, we prove that the set of all metrics which admit [(11) (11)] Killing tensors wi.
Optoelectronic properties and electronic structure of YCuOSe

YCuOSe was prepared by solid-state reaction, and its wide gap semiconducting properties were examined. The single phase of YCuOSe was obtained in a limited temperature range around 750°C and decomposed into Y2O2Se and Cu2Se at higher temperatures. The obtained YCuOSe sample showed a p-type semiconducting behavior with the electrical conductivity of 1.4×10−1Scm−1 at room temperature. The band gap of YCuOSe was estimated to be 2.58eV, which is much smaller than that of LaCuOSe (2.82eV). The electronic structure of YCuOSe was investigated by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and energy band calculations to understand the differences in the electronic structures between LnCuOSe (Ln=La,Y). It was found that the Cu–Cu distance rather than the Cu–Se distance influences the electronic structures, and the smaller band gap of YCuOSe is attributed to the downshift of the Cu 4s energy level due to the smaller Cu–Cu distance and the consequent larger Cu–Cu interaction in YCuOSe.
Transverse and Longitudinal Excitation Modes in Interacting Multispin Systems

Magnetic excitation in coupled multispin system is studied theoretically focusing on Cu 2 Fe 2 Ge 4 O 13 and Cu 2 CdB 2 O 6 as typical examples of such system. These compounds consist of spin dimer and spin monomer parts and show an antiferromagnetic phase transition at low temperatures due to the spin monomer part. A multispin containing a spin dimer and spin monomers is treated as a basis unit. The multispin forms a spin multiplet and its energy levels are separated into high and low regions reflecting the characteristic energies of the dimer and monomer parts. We regard the system as interacting multispins and apply an extended Holstein–Primakoff theory by introducing bosons for each energy level of a spin multiplet. In the low-energy region, the obtained magnon dispersion and dynamical spin correlation function agree quantitatively with experimental results of inelastic neutron scattering performed in Cu 2 Fe 2 Ge 4 O 13 . Analyzing dynamical spin correlation functions, we find several high-energy mod.
Diagnostics for investigation of magnetic reconnection in sawtooth crash on TFTR

Magnetic reconnection phenomena are documented by a set of noninvasive fast diagnostics during the crash phase of sawtooth oscillations. The electron cyclotron emission diagnostic system provides the highest resolution for measuring time evolution of electron temperature profile during a typical Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor fast sawtooth crash. The x‐ray tomography also contains fast time scale information of the electron temperature profile and additionally the impurity concentration. Just before the crash, a shrinking circular hot peak and growing crescent‐shaped flat island appear in the inside of the inversion radius on a bird’s‐eye view of the electron temperature profile. The electron temperature gradient inside the inversion radius diminishes to nearly zero after the crash. Concomitantly, q(r) profile [q(r)=local safety factor] is measured by the motional stark effect (MSE) diagnostics to verify a magnetic field line reconnection during the sawtooth oscillation. Initial MSE data indicate that centra.
How Capital, Labor, and Technology Influence Java’s Economic Growth

Indonesia is a developing country with a relatively stable economy, as can be seen in Indonesia’s real GDP per capita, which tends to increase before the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there is a disparity in economic growth between Java and outside Java. During the 2010-2020 period, Java’s economic growth reached 61.9%, while outside Java was only 48.5%. According to the Solow Model theory, three factors can influence economic growth: capital, labor, and technology. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of capital, labor, and technology on economic growth in Java. This research was conducted using two approaches, namely generalized least square (GLS) and mixed-effect regression model (MEM). Both methods show the same result that capital and labor have a significant positive effect on the real GRDP of the provinces in Java. In contrast, technology has an insignificant effect on the real GRDP of the provinces in Java. This study also found significant random effects among provinces in Java for the number of workers and capital, but not on technology.
Macrophage repolarization via leptin increases immunotherapy efficacy in obesity

Immune checkpoint blockade treatment is life-saving for some patients, but most do not respond. While systemic immune dysfunction occurs in obesity, early studies have surprisingly shown that obesity increases immunotherapy efficacy. Obesity promotes immune dysfunction through T cell exhaustion, which is well understood, but obesity also affects macrophage polarization, which is understudied in the setting of obesity, cancer, and immunotherapy. Male C57BL/6 mice received a 60 kcal high-fat diet for 12 weeks and received 250,000 MC38 colon cancer cells subcutaneously. Mice received 200 ug of IgG control antibody or anti-PD-1 antibody every 2 days starting on day 5. Tumors were collected 16 days post-injection and processed for flow cytometry. Samples were stained for T cells (CD4+ helper, T Regulatory, and CD8+ cells), macrophages (M1 and M2), and myeloid derived suppressor cells. Obese mice had larger tumor growth rates and tumor burden than lean mice. Tumors in obese mice had fewer CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, but the T cells expressed higher levels of CD44 and PD1. MC38 tumors in obese mice had greater immunotherapy efficacy than lean mouse tumors. Flow cytometry revealed that the anti-PD-1 treatment repolarized the macrophages to an M1-phentoype, whereas anti-PD-1 treatment in lean mice increased the T cell percentage in tumors. In experiments where lean mice received leptin treatments to emulate the elevated leptin in obesity, leptin-treated mice had smaller tumors and an increased M1-phenotype of macrophage. Our work shows that macrophage repolarization was the most significant immune cell change in our obesity and immunotherapy studies. Future work will investigate the efficacy of immunotherapy in macrophage depleted models.
Exploring complex interactions in designed data using GEMANOVA. Color changes in fresh beef during storage

Data from a severely reduced experimental design are investigated in order to obtain detailed information on important factors affecting the changes in quality of meat during storage under different conditions. It is possible to model the response, meat color, using traditional ANOVA (analysis of variance) techniques, but the exploratory and explanatory value of this model is somewhat restricted owing to the number of factors and the fact that several interactions exist. For those reasons, it is not possible to visualize the model in a simple way and therefore not possible to have a clear overview of the total variation in the data. Using a recently suggested alternative to traditional analysis of variance, GEMANOVA (generalized multiplicative ANOVA), it is possible to analyze the data effectively and obtain a more interpretable solution that enables a simple overview of the whole sampling domain. Whereas traditional analysis of variance typically seeks a model with main effects and as few and simple interactions and cross‐products as possible, the GEMANOVA model seeks to describe the data primarily by means of higher‐order interactions, albeit in a straightforward way. The two approaches are thus complementary. It is shown that the GEMANOVA model is simple to interpret, primarily because the GEMANOVA structure is in agreement with the nature of the data. It is shown that the GEMANOVA model used is mathematically unique, which leads to attractive simplified ways of interpreting the model. The results presented are the first published results where the GEMANOVA model is not simply equivalent to an ordinary PARAFAC model, thus taking full advantage of the additional structural power of GEMANOVA. A new algorithm for fitting the GEMANOVA model is developed and is available from the authors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Household Dietary Diversity among the Ethnic Minority Groups in the Mekong Delta: Evidence for the Development of Public Health and Nutrition Policy in Vietnam

Poor household dietary diversity has been linked to malnutrition in individuals, households, and cumulatively in populations. High rates of malnutrition among Khmer ethnic children aged five years and younger have been reported in Tri Ton district, Vietnam. This paper aims to further investigate household dietary diversity and associated factors among Khmer ethnic minority populations in Vietnam. A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019 in Tri Ton District, An Giang Province. By employing a multistage sampling technique, a total of 402 (99.8% response rate) participants were interviewed to measure household dietary diversity using a structured and validated questionnaire developed by FAO. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with household dietary diversity. The results showed that the prevalence of low, medium and high dietary diversity scores were 21.4%, 70.4% and 8.2%, respectively. Male-headed households, literacy level, household income, exposure to mass media on nutrition and health information, and frequency of eating were positively associated with household dietary diversity (p < 0.05). However, owning a vegetable and rice farm was not statistically related to households’ dietary diversification. The paper concludes that the magnitude of household diversified dietary intakes was essentially low to medium in participants’ households. These findings have provided evidence to inform the development of the National Nutrition Strategy—2021–2030 in Vietnam, to be revised in 2045. This national strategy proposes appropriate interventions, programs and policies to improve socioeconomic status in ethnic groups and in mountainous areas to enhance populations’ health and well-being including controlling childhood malnutrition. In order to improve population health and wellbeing in Tri Ton District, further actions to address effective dietary practices including strengthening nutrition and health communication about the need to improve household dietary diversity to high levels are recommended.
Variants of projection‐based finite element variational multiscale methods for the simulation of turbulent flows

Some variants of a three‐scale projection‐based finite element variational multiscale (VMS) method are studied for turbulent channel flow computations at Reτ=180. Different spaces for the large scales, two eddy viscosity models and two ways of discretizing the projection terms in time are explored. The results obtained with the resolved small scales in the definition of the eddy viscosity are very sensitive to the temporal discretization of the projection terms. The computations were performed on three grids commonly used in turbulent channel flow simulations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Performance Bound for Maximal Ratio Transmission in Distributed MIMO

This letter derives a theoretical performance bound for maximal ratio transmission in distributed multiple-input multiple-output systems. We first show that the sum signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> users co-scheduled within the same time-frequency resource block is upper bounded by the total number <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of radio units. The asymptotic equality case provides a low-complexity power control method. We also show that when max-min fairness power control is applied, SINRs become limited to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M^{\prime }/(K+\rho)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M^{\prime } \leq M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula> are channel-statistics-dependent parameters. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the methods in optimizing user spectral efficiencies.
Energy spectrum in the enstrophy transfer range of two-dimensional forced turbulence

Numerical simulations of two-dimensional forced turbulence suggest that the enstrophy transfer range energy spectrum E(k) a little steeper than k−3 is robust in the sense that it may be realized in a wave number range under different run conditions. It is shown that such energy spectra fit well E(k)=CKη2/3k−3[ln(k/k1)]−1/3, where CK is a dimensionless constant, η the enstrophy transfer rate per unit mass and k1 a wave number at the bottom of the range. The simulations give CK≈1.9 in fairly good agreement with the existing theoretical estimates.
A Comparison of ERBE and AVHRR Longwave Flux Estimates

Abstract Comparisons have been made between estimates of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) at the top of the atmosphere derived from narrowband Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and broadband Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanning instruments. Four months of measurements are considered: April, July, and October 1985 and January 1986. Instantaneous comparisons (i.e., collocated in space and time) are considered. In the former, regional, zonal, and global analyses are performed using collocated and coincident OLR estimates on a 2.5° latitude-longitude scale. In general, the two datasets are found to be in reasonably good agreement, with the mean state and fundamental variability in time and space captured by the two sets of measurements. However, systematic biases are observed between the two datasets, particularly over the subtropical oceans, the daytime deserts, and over snow-covered surfaces at the high latitudes. The monthly global bias between the two datasets (ERBE minus .
On the detection of both the ionisation waves and so-called echo phenomenon by Langmuir and capacitive probes

Both Langmuir and capacitive probes detect two signals, corresponding to the usual ionisation wave and a so-called echo phenomenon, which is almost an oscillation of the entire positive column occurring when the wavefront reaches the anode region. The amplitude of these signals behaves differently according to the bias of the Langmuir probe. The origin of internal feedback might be explained by this echo phenomenon.
New, sub-0.1-arcsec radio maps of two young planetary nebulae

Sub-O.l-arcsec maps of the 5-GHz continuum emission from two young planetary nebulae (NGC 7027 and BD + 303639) have been obtained by combining MERLIN and VLA observations, resulting in the highest spatial resolution radio maps of these (or any) planetary nebulae to date. Small clumps of emission are resolved within the essentially ring-like structure of each nebula. These radio maps are at a very similar spatial resolution to HST WFPC2 images, and thus for the first time it is possible to compare radio and optical images of young planetary nebulae at very high spatial resolution.
Student-athletes’ mood state profiles: the role of sports, sex, and performance level in sports and in school

Abstract Daily workloads of adolescent student-athletes can be extremely high because of their investment in both school and sport. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to mood disturbances and disorders and thus mental health problems, as they experience psychological, physiological, and social shifts at this key stage of human development. The present study aims to provide information on the mental health of Finnish high school athletes by investigating their mood state profiles and the potential associations of sex, type of sport, and level of performance in sports and school with those profiles. Data were gathered through an online survey of 444 male and female student-athletes (aged 16–17) during the spring term of their second grade of high school. The 37-item Profile of Mood States questionnaire was used to measure mood states, with four mood state profiles found: (1) the surface profile (39.8%), (2) the Everest profile (13.2%), (3) the inverse Everest profile (13.2%), and (4) the iceberg profile (33.8%). Of the background variables, only sex was found to be related with the mood state profiles, with the Everest profile much more common in males (74.2%) than in females (25.8%). In addition, the energy index and total mood disturbance of mood states were higher among males than among females. The findings indicate that it is important to pay special attention to the mood states of young student-athletes, particularly females, and to create support systems that foster their resilience in combining sport and studies. Lay summary: This study explores mood in adolescent student-athletes in terms of mood state profiles, total mood disturbance, and energy index. Profile of Mood State (POMS) metrics were used to determine mood state profiles; POMS has previously been found to be a valid indicator of the state of athletes’ mental health. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE There is a need to pay special attention to adolescent female student-athletes’ coping and resilience when combining school and sport. Fatigue may be a notable impairing factor concerning student-athletes’ academic performance at school. POMS is a valid and recommended tool to monitor and measure the mood state of athletes.
Blow up of solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equations on manifolds

In this paper, we partially settle down the long-standing open problem of the finite time blow-up property about the nonlinear Schrodinger equations on some Riemannian manifolds such as the standard 2-sphere S2 and the hyperbolic 2-space H2(−1). Using the similar idea, we establish such blow-up results on higher dimensional standard sphere and hyperbolic n-space. Extensions to n-dimensional Riemannian warped product manifolds with n⩾2 are also given.