Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Spatial Transcriptomic Atlas of Mouse Soleus Muscle: Unveiling Single Cell and Subcellular Heterogeneity in Health and Denervation

Skeletal muscle is essential for both movement and metabolic processes, characterized by a complex and ordered structure. Despite its importance, a detailed spatial map of gene expression within muscle tissue has been challenging to achieve due to the limitations of existing technologies, which struggle to provide high-resolution views. In this study, we leverage the Seq-Scope technique, an innovative method that allows for the observation of the entire transcriptome at an unprecedented submicron spatial resolution. By applying this technique to the mouse soleus muscle, we analyze and compare the gene expression profiles in both healthy conditions and following denervation, a process that mimics aspects of muscle aging. Our approach reveals detailed characteristics of muscle fibers, other cell types present within the muscle, and specific subcellular structures such as the postsynaptic nuclei at neuromuscular junctions, hybrid muscle fibers, and areas of localized expression of genes responsive to muscle injury, along with their histological context. The findings of this research significantly enhance our understanding of the diversity within the muscle cell transcriptome and its variation in response to denervation, a key factor in the decline of muscle function with age. This breakthrough in spatial transcriptomics not only deepens our knowledge of muscle biology but also sets the stage for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of aging on muscle health, thereby offering a more comprehensive insight into the mechanisms of muscle maintenance and degeneration in the context of aging and disease.
Sec23IP recruits the Cohen syndrome factor VPS13B/COH1 to ER exit site-Golgi interface for tubular ERGIC formation

VPS13B/COH1 is the only known causative factor for Cohen syndrome, an early-onset autosomal recessive developmental disorder with intellectual inability, developmental delay, joint hypermobility, myopia and facial dysmorphism as common features, but the molecular basis of VPS13B/COH1 in pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we identify Sec23 interacting protein (Sec23IP) at ER exit site (ERES) as a VPS13B adaptor that recruits VPS13B to ERES-Golgi interfaces. VPS13B interacts directly with Sec23IP via the VPS13 adaptor binding domain (VAB), and the interaction promotes the association between ERES and the Golgi. Disease-associated missense mutations of VPS13B-VAB impair the interaction with Sec23IP. Knockout of VPS13B or Sec23IP blocks the formation of tubular ERGIC, an unconventional cargo carrier that expedites ER-to-Golgi transport. In addition, depletion of VPS13B or Sec23IP delays ER export of procollagen, suggesting a link between procollagen secretion and joint laxity in patients with Cohen disease. Together, our study reveals a crucial role of VPS13B-Sec23IP interaction at ERES-Golgi interface in the pathogenesis of Cohen syndrome.
Spatial heterogeneity in collective electrotaxis: continuum modelling and applications to optimal control

Collective electrotaxis is a phenomenon that occurs when a cellular collective, for example an epithelial monolayer, is subjected to an electric field. Biologically, it is well known that the velocity of migration during the collective electrotaxis of large epithelia exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity. In this work, we demonstrate that the heterogeneity of velocities in the electrotaxing epithelium can be accounted for by a continuum model of cue competition in different tissue regions. Having established a working model of competing migratory cues in the migrating epithelium, we develop and validate a reaction-convection-diffusion model that describes the movement of an epithelial monolayer as it undergoes electrotaxis. We use the model to predict how tissue size and geometry affect the collective migration of MDCK monolayers, and to propose several ways in which electric fields can be designed such that they give rise to a desired spatial pattern of collective migration. We conclude with two examples that demonstrate practical applications of the method in designing bespoke stimulation protocols.
Biodiversity of Parasitic Copepods in Katsuwonus pelamis From Rio Grande do Norte Coast (NE Brazil)

With regard to marine environments, Luque [3] considers that the knowledge about the diversity of species of parasites is still incipient front of the large ichthyological diversity. According to Pavanelli and Takemoto [4] the parasite identification studies are important to know possible pathologies occurring in their hosts. Usually the damage to the host by parasitic diseases is related to the parasite species, its form of feeding, organ or tissue of an affected host, parasitism intensity and general condition of the host [5,6].
Quantifying Climatic Controls on River Network Branching Structure Across Scales

The branching structure of river networks is an important topologic and geomorphic feature that depends on several factors (e.g., climate and tectonics). However, mechanisms that result in such branching patterns in river networks are poorly understood. Observations from natural catchments have revealed controls of climate on drainage density (Dd). In this study, we investigate the effects of climatic forcing on river network topology and geometry beyond Dd. For this, we selected 26 basins across the United States with equal Dd, however, different climate aridity index (defined here as the ratio of mean annual potential evaporation to precipitation). The river networks of these basins were extracted, using a curvature‐based method, from high‐resolution (1‐m) digital elevation models, and several metrics such as width functions, branching angles, and side branching ratio were computed. We used a multiscale entropy approach to quantify the geometric and topologic irregularity and structural richness of these river networks. Our results revealed the systematic impacts of climate forcing on the structure of river networks. We showed that the width functions of dry basins have higher entropy as compared to those of humid basins across spatial scales. Higher entropy suggests more heterogeneity in drainage network of dry basins. This heterogeneity is manifested in channels and their junctions resulting, on an average, in larger junction angle and longer channel links in dry basins compared to humid basins.
American Psychologist Emotion Regulation Strategies and Psychological Health Across Cultures

Emotion regulation is important for psychological health and can be achieved by implementing various strategies. How one regulates emotions is critical for maximizing psychological health. Few studies, however, tested the psychological correlates of different emotion regulation strategies across multiple cultures. In a preregistered cross-cultural study ( N = 3,960, 19 countries), conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed associations between the use of seven emotion regulation strategies (situation selection, distraction, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, expressive suppression, and emotional support seeking) and four indices of psychological health (life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and loneliness). Model comparisons based on Bayesian information criteria provided support for cultural differences in 36% of associations, with very strong support for differences in 18% of associations. Strategies that were linked to worse psychological health in individualist countries (e.g., rumination, expressive suppression) were unrelated or linked to better psychological health in collectivist countries. Cultural differences in associations with psychological health were most prominent for expressive suppression and rumination and also found for distraction and acceptance. In addition, we found evidence for cultural similarities in 46% of associations between strategies and psychological health, but none of this evidence was very strong. Cultural similarities were most prominent in associations of psychological health with emotional support seeking. These ﬁ ndings highlight the importance of considering the cultural context to understand how individuals from diverse backgrounds manage unpleasant emotions.
A Reassessment of the Precision of Carbonate Clumped Isotope Measurements: Implications for Calibrations and Paleoclimate Reconstructions

Carbonate clumped isotopes offer a potentially transformational tool to interpret Earth's history, but the proxy is still limited by poor interlaboratory reproducibility. Here, we focus on the uncertainties that result from the analysis of only a few replicate measurements to understand the extent to which unconstrained errors affect calibration relationships and paleoclimate reconstructions. We find that highly precise data can be routinely obtained with multiple replicate analyses, but this is not always done in many laboratories. For instance, using published estimates of external reproducibilities we find that typical clumped isotope measurements (three replicate analyses) have margins of error at the 95% confidence level (CL) that are too large for many applications. These errors, however, can be systematically reduced with more replicate measurements. Second, using a Monte Carlo‐type simulation we demonstrate that the degree of disagreement on published calibration slopes is about what we should expect considering the precision of Δ47 data, the number of samples and replicate analyses, and the temperature range covered in published calibrations. Finally, we show that the way errors are typically reported in clumped isotope data can be problematic and lead to the impression that data are more precise than warranted. We recommend that uncertainties in Δ47 data should no longer be reported as the standard error of a few replicate measurements. Instead, uncertainties should be reported as margins of error at a specified confidence level (e.g., 68% or 95% CL). These error bars are a more realistic indication of the reliability of a measurement.
Fish Scales as a Bioindicator of Potential Marine Pollutants and Carcinogens in Asian Sea Bass and Red Tilapia within the Coastal Waters of Pahang, Malaysia

ABSTRACT Rahman, S.A. ; Abdullah, N.A. ; Chowdhury, A.J.K. , and Yunus, K. , 2018. Fish scales as a bioindicator of potential marine pollutants and carcinogens in Asian sea bass and red tilapia within the coastal waters of Pahang, Malaysia. In: Ashraf, M.A. and Chowdhury, A.J.K. (eds.), Coastal Ecosystem Responses to Human and Climatic Changes throughout Asia. Fish scales are inedible and hence thrown away as industrial waste, which is one of the major sources of pollution in the natural environment. The concept of a sustainable ecosystem, along with the growth of developing countries in the tropics, has made it essential to devise schemes to turn waste products into viable biotechnology materials. This study looked into potential biomaterial safety by investigating the levels of heavy metals and accumulation of potential carcinogens from the marine environment in scales of two brackish water fishes: red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). The closed acid digestion method was used to measure the levels of lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Mean concentrations obtained indicated that L. calcarifer scales contained higher levels of the heavy metals, and it was observed that essential metals accumulated at higher concentrations compared to nonessential heavy metals in both fishes. Significant relationships (p < 0.001) were found between fish type and heavy metal accumulation for all metals assessed except for lead. Nevertheless, the metal concentrations were still lower than the national and international standard maximum permissible limits for human consumption. Thus, it can be concluded that fish scale waste could be treated as wealth in biotechnological industries for the reduction of toxic materials from waste effluents.
How and to What Extent Managerial Practices of School Heads are Influencing the Morale of Primary School Teachers?

The purpose of the study was to explore influence of the managerial practices of heads on the morale of teachers. The informants of the study comprised both public primary school heads and teachers. The study was mixed-methods and employed concurrent triangulation design. The Purdue Teacher Opinionaire (Bentley & Rempel, 1980) was adapted for measuring managerial practices and morale. Quantitative data for the study were collected from teachers (n=806) through multistage sampling technique and qualitative data from heads (n= 20) and teachers (n=31) through interview protocols. The study also verified the link between the managerial practices of heads and morale of teachers through positive statistical correlation. Findings of the study revealed that school heads were using autocratic managerial practices. The study concluded prevalence of dissatisfaction among teachers about the managerial practices of school heads, AEOs, Dy.DEOs and frequent threat of Punjab Employees Efficiency & Disciplinary Act (PEEDA, 2006). Hence, the overall practices of school heads are found autocratic in nature by causing low morale of teachers. The study recommends that the primary school heads, AEOs, Dy.DEOs should be trained on establishing democratic attributes, relationship, and behaviour with the teachers by the Quaid-e-Azam Academy for Education Development (QAED) to heighten the morale of teachers.
Correlation between Reactive Aggression in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children and Maternal Self-Handicapping: The Mediating Role of Maternal Chronic Fatigue

Background: Stress and mental pressure in challenging situations, particularly those involving deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, can profoundly impact mothers. This research investigated the mediating role of maternal chronic fatigue (CF) in the relationship between reactive aggression in DHH children and maternal self-handicapping. Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational research design. The statistical population of this research included all mothers and their DHH elementary school children studying at special education centers in Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran, during the academic year 2022–2023. The convenience sampling method was used to select a sample of 202 mothers with DHH children. Data collection involved the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Scale, Self-Handicapping Questionnaire, and Chalder Fatigue Scale. Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling with AMOS version 24 and SPSS version 27. Results: The mean and standard deviation of DHH children’s reactive aggression, maternal self-handicapping, and chronic fatigue were 20.37±4.84, 54.55±11.16, and 21.47±6.12, respectively. The results revealed a significant correlation between self-handicapping and CF in mothers and between CF in mothers and reactive aggression in children (P=0.001). Reactive aggression in DHH children was significantly correlated with their mothers’ self-handicapping, mediated by maternal CF (P=0.010). The analysis did not yield statistically significant evidence supporting the correlation between maternal self-handicapping tendencies and their children’s reactive aggression. Based on the results, the model’s fit indices, including NFI, CFI, TLI, RFI, and RMSEA, were 0.98, 0.99, 0.99, 0.97, and 0.022, respectively. Conclusion: Consequently, the final modified model exhibited a good fit based on the research findings. Analyzing these correlations presents an opportunity to discern the factors contributing to reactive aggression in DHH children, thereby facilitating the development of appropriate therapeutic interventions.
Internalizing Symptoms and Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated With Functional Connectivity in a Middle Childhood Sample

BACKGROUND: Research has found overlapping associations in adults of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to both internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety) and a history of traumatic events. The present study aimed to extend this previous research to a younger sample by examining RSFC associations with both internalizing symptoms and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in middle childhood. METHODS: We used generalized linear mixed models to examine associations between a priori within-and between-network RSFC with child-reported internalizing symptoms and ACEs using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset ( N = 10,168, mean age = 9.95 years, SD = 0.627). RESULTS: We found that internalizing symptoms and ACEs were associated with both multiple overlapping and unique RSFC network patterns. Both ACEs and internalizing symptoms were associated with a reduced anti-correlation between the default mode network and the dorsal attention network. However, internalizing symptoms were uniquely associated with lower within-network default mode network connectivity, while ACEs were uniquely associated with both lower between-network connectivity of the auditory network and cingulo-opercular network, and higher within-network frontoparietal network connectivity. CONCLUSIONS: The present study points to overlap in the RSFC associations with internalizing symptoms and ACEs, as well as important areas of speci ﬁ city in RSFC associations. Many of the RSFC associations found have been previously implicated in attentional control functions, including modulation of attention to sensory stimuli. This may have critical importance in understanding internalizing symptoms and outcomes of ACEs.
Indonesian EFL teachers’ job satisfaction profile

Teachers’ job satisfaction has been studied for decades. However, no study has investigated the profile of Indonesian EFL teachers’ job satisfaction. This study aimed to determine Indonesian EFL teachers’ job satisfaction profile. A sample of 337 EFL secondary school teachers consisting of 262 females and 75 males, 293 teachers with undergraduate degrees and 44 teachers with master’s degrees, 32 teachers with 1-5 years of teaching, 62 teachers with 6-10 years of teaching, 149 teachers with 11-15 years of teaching, 54 teachers with 16-20 years of teaching, and 40 teachers with more than 21 years of teaching were involved in this study. The instrument utilized in this study was an adaptation of the instrument developed by Spector (1994) comprising pay, promotion, supervision, fringe benefits, contingent rewards, operating conditions, coworkers, nature of work, and communication and distributed to the teachers via Google Forms due to the pandemic situation. The data were then analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis. The findings revealed that four factors emerged in the teacher job satisfaction model: salary, supervision, service condition, and colleagues. The item loading factors in this model ranged from 0.28 to 0.80 and the acceptable fit indices were χ 2 = 91.76; df = 48; χ 2 /df = 1.91; TLI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.04.
Clinical-Pathological Analysis of 37 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Tucumán, Northwestern Province of Argentina: Immunohistochemical Study of p53 In Selected Cases

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents 3% of all malignant neoplasms. Considering the observed regional occurrence of OSCC, the aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with primary carcinoma of the oral cavity diagnosed in the province of Tucumán, in the Northwestern of Argentina, where habits and lifestyle can play a central role in its incidence. A cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study was conducted with 37 clinical records of patients with OSCC. The study included the analysis of clinical and histological parameters, risk factors and the presence of p53 mutations in relation to the histopathological grade and the carcinoma in situ (CIS) component. OSCC is the most frequent oral malignancy in Tucumán. Most of the patients (81.1%) were male, and the mean age range was 65.5 years. The analysis of risk factors showed that 89.2% of the patients smoked. Most of the tumors (38%) were located on the tongue and the greater histological aggressiveness of OSCC was observed in this location. Overexpression of p53 was observed in OSCC with CIS component. OSCC is the most frequent oral malignancy
Factors inﬂuencing breastfeeding exclusivity during the ﬁrst 6 months of life in developing countries: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review

Breastfeeding is the most advantageous feeding option for infants,and epidemiological studies provide evidence for its promotion.The objective of this review was to comprehensively delineate the barriers and facilitators of exclusive breastfeeding of infants aged 0–6 months old by mothers in developing countries. A search of CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO was carried out to retrieve studies from January 2001 to January 2014. Using our inclusion criteria, we selected studies that described barriers and facilitators of exclusive breastfeeding. Qualitative and quantitative studies were considered. Twenty-ﬁve studies involving 11 025 participants from 19 countries were included.Barriers and facilitators of exclusive/full breastfeeding were identiﬁed, analysed tabulated and summarised in this review. Maternal employment was the most frequently cited barrier to exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal perceptions of insufﬁcient breast milk supply was pervasive among studies while medical barriers related to illness of mothers and/or infants as well as breast problems, rather than health care providers. Socio-cultural factors such as maternal and signiﬁcant other’s beliefs about infant nutrition also often constitute strong barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Despite these barriers, mothers in developing countries often possess certain personal characteristics and develop strategic plans to enhance their success at breastfeeding. Health care providers should be informed about the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and provide practical anticipatory guidance targeted at overcoming these barriers. In so doing, health care providers in developing countries can contribute to improving maternal and child health outcomes.
Dynamical role of the Rocky Mountain controlled by East Asian topographies in modulating the tropospheric westerly jet in northern winter

ABSTRACT Large-scale mountains like Asian topographies and the Rocky Mountains have important influences on subtropical jet streams (STJs) over downstream regions in winter. The dynamical role of the Rocky Mountains in modulating STJs with and without the existence of East Asian (EA) topographies in northern winter is investigated via numerical experiments. In agreement with previous studies, the Rocky Mountains (topographic forcing), with the existence of EA topographies, can only strengthen the STJ from the east coast of North America to the western Atlantic region. The independent role of the Rocky Mountains, however, strengthens the STJ over not only the east coast of North America but also over Pacific regions. It is found that the existence of EA topographies can dramatically strengthen the EA trough, as well as a downstream ridge which, in the upstream of the Rocky Mountains, acts to partly cancel out the strengthening of the anticyclone to the north of the Rocky Mountains and the northward warm air transport in the high latitudes of Pacific regions due to the Rocky Mountains’ forcing alone. Such circulation changes effectively weaken the Rocky Mountains–forced strengthening of the meridional temperature gradient in the midlatitude North Pacific, and thus the STJ there. Therefore, EA topographies are of great importance in modulating the role of the Rocky Mountains as a dynamical forcing of STJ variability. Graphical Abstract