Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depsidone synthesis. VII. Vicanicin and norvicanicin

The lichen Psoroma sphinctrinurn (Mont.) Nyl. occurs in two or more chemical strains. 2,7-Dichloro- 3 - hydroxy -8-methoxy- 1,4,6,9 - tetramethyl - 11H- dibenzo[b,e][l,4]dioxepin- 11-one (vicanicin) (2), a known depsidone, is a metabolite of one strain, and 2,7-dichloro-3,8-dihydroxy-1,4,6,9-tetramethyl-1lH-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-11-one (norvicanicin) (3) is shown to be a metabolite of another. By oxidative coupling of an appropriate benzophenone (7) and subsequent steps both of these metabolites were synthesized.
Humane slaughter of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Effects of various stunning methods on brain function

Common slaughter procedures for African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) include asphyxiation, ice chilling and exsanguination, which may all cause substantial suffering over prolonged periods of time before death. Therefore, comprehensive evaluations of potentially more humane slaughter procedures for this species are urgently needed. Here, we use a non-invasive electroencephalographic (EEG) method to assess the state of sensibility in African sharptooth catfish in response to various stunning methods (e.g. ice chilling, electrical stunning, electrical stunning followed by exsanguination, percussive stunning, and immersion in isoeugenol). Based on the abolition of visually evoked responses (VERs) on the EEG, ice slurry immersion induced insensibility between 2.6 and 7.6 min, during which catfish exhibited aversive behaviours. Once VERs were lost, they remained absent so long as catfish remained immersed in the ice slurry. Electrical stunning (i.e. exposure to ~1.7 A dm−2 at a water conductivity of ~997 μS cm−1) induced insensibility immediately but not irreversibly. Depending on the duration of the stun (i.e. from 1 to 10 s), catfish either regained VERs immediately or within 4.9 min after the completion of the electrical insult. However, when a 10 s electrical stun was immediately followed by exsanguination and immersion in an ice slurry, the duration of insensibility was sufficient to humanely kill catfish. When administered correctly, manual percussive stunning with a fish priest induced insensibility immediately and irreversibly. However, 36% of catfish regained VERs, which is likely explained by the difficulty associated with administering an accurate manual percussive stun of sufficient force on a live and struggling catfish. Catfish appeared to be sedated following immersion in isoeugenol (i.e. catfish were calm and easy to handle), yet VERs remained present at doses exceeding that recommended for euthanasia in salmonids, which indicates that this substance may not be suitable for stunning catfish. However, the potential for using isoeugenol as a pre-stunning sedative for improving handleability and reducing handling stress of this species warrants further investigation. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates that when singularly administered, none of the abovementioned stunning methods could reliably induce insensibility immediately and/or irreversibly without welfare implications. Yet, our findings indicate that these shortcomings can be resolved by using a combination of methods. This could include an electrical or percussive stun to immediately induce insensibility that should be immediately followed by exsanguination and immersion in an ice slurry to maintain insensibility
Reflexive and voluntary orienting of visual attention: time course of activation and resistance to interruption

To study the mechanisms underlying covert orienting of attention in visual space, subjects were given advance cues indicating the probable locations of targets that they had to discriminate and localize. Direct peripheral cues (brightening of one of four boxes in peripheral vision) and symbolic central cues (an arrow at the fixation point indicating a probable peripheral box) were compared. Peripheral and central cues are believed to activate different reflexive and voluntary modes of orienting (Jonides, 1981; Posner, 1980). Experiment 1 showed that the time courses of facilitation and inhibition from peripheral and central cues were characteristic and different. Experiment 2 showed that voluntary orienting in response to symbolic central cues is interrupted by reflexive orienting to random peripheral flashes. Experiment 3 showed that irrelevant peripheral flashes also compete with relevant peripheral cues. The amount of interference varied systematically with the interval between the onset of the relevant cue and of the distracting flash (cue-flash onset asynchrony) and with the cuing condition. Taken together, these effects support a model for spatial attention with distinct but interacting reflexive and voluntary orienting mechanisms.
Diet and the Condition and Growth of Elephants in Uganda

A study was made of the nutrition of elephants collected during a limited culling operation in the Kabalega Falls and Rwenzori National Parks, Uganda. The diet and the condition and growth of the elephant populations were compared independently of seasonal fluctuations in these factors by sampling in each area in both wet and dry seasons. Growth rates and condition in Rwenzori N.P. remained relatively stable throughout the year. In Kabalega Falls N.P., however, growth rates and condition fluctuated due to inadequate food resources in the dry season. No appreciable differences in condition and growth were detected between the elephant populations to the north and south of the Victoria Nile in Kabalega Falls N.P. Some of the condition estimates frequently used to assess food resources, such as kidney fat index, are unreliable because they reflect the amount of stored food reserves rather than the diet at the time of sampling.
Characterization of flow cytometric immuno-phenotyping of acute myeloid leukemia with minimal differentiation and acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Background: Acute leukemias (ALs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with various clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and molecular characteristics. Distinguishing between lymphoid and myeloid leukemia is often performed by flow cytometry. This study aimed to evaluate the immunophenotypic characterization and expression of immuno-markers in both acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M0) and acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pathology Department/Teaching Laboratories/Medical City/Iraq and included all patients newly diagnosed with AL from 5 January to 10 December 2018. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed on bone marrow samples, freshly collected in EDTA tubes. Flow cytometry (Canto-2 BD) was used, with laser excitation of blue and red wavelengths. A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) was used for diagnosis, using a SSC/CD45 gating strategy. Results: The study showed 41.6% of AML-M0 patients had no aberrant antigen expression, while 33.3%, 16.6%, 8.3%, and 8.3% had aberrant CD7, CD56, CD2, and CD19, respectively. In 16.6% of AML-M0 cases more than one aberrant antigen was expressed. With regard to T-ALL, 7.0% were pro-T type, 58.0% were pre-T, 13.0% were cortical, and 22.0% were mature-T type. In 55.5% of patients with T-ALL there was no aberrant antigen expression. Conclusion: We concluded that most patients with AML-M0 have no aberrant antigen expression. In patients with T-ALL, the pre-T type is most common, according to the European Group for the Immunological Classification of Leukemias (EGIL) classification. Patients with T-ALL also generally lack aberrant antigen expression.
Clotting time of common carp bllod

Recalcification time, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined for common carp plasma. Clotting times were 37.6±8.7 s (mean±SD) recalcification time, 23.5±3.4 s PT, 17.9±3.2 s PTT, and 5.1±0.7 s APTT, respectively. The difference between APTT and PTT suggests that the intrinsic hemostatic system is developed in carp blood. Citrated plasma lost its clotting activity within 12h during incubation at 37°C, whereas clotting activity was maintained for long hours at 25°C. The shortest clotting time was obtained for the mixture of BaSO4 adsorbed plasma and serum. This indicates that coagulation factors of carp blood can be classified into the serum factors and barium sulphate adsorbed factors.
Influence of age on the prevalence of parasitic infections among wild mammals in Thrissur Zoo, Thrissur, Kerala

An investigation into the influence of age on the prevalence of parasitic infections among wild mammals in captivity in Thrissur Zoo was carried out by regular faecal examination over a period of one year. The prevalence of helminthic infection in herbivores and omnivores was higher in the animals aged one year and above, the rates being 71.62% and 65.9%, respectively, when compared to their younger counter parts of age one month to one year, the rates being only 51.8% and 64.7%, respectively. The animals of age below one month of both groups were found to be negative for helminthic infections.
DO FOOD RECALLS HAVE A GREATER EFFECT ON CONSUMERS’ TRUST WHEN THEY INVOLVE HEALTHY, ORGANIC AND PROTECTED DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN FOODS AND, IF YES, WHY?

Food safety concern has dramatically increased in the past decade. Concerns have arisen due to the fact that contaminated food products can result in serious risk to the wellbeing and health of consumers, including but not limited to outbreaks of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Salmonella. It is commonly accepted that product recalls have a negative impact on brand confidence, sales and pricing and, in some cases, the public’s perception of the food industry as a whole. Current consumer expectation towards food safety is on the increase and ranges from the assumption that food not only needs to be safe, but that nutrition shall also contribute actively to improve physical health condition and well-being. The aim of this paper is to investigate consumers’ reactions to food recalls which involve different kinds of products, through a comparison of highly processed foods versus foods that claim to be “healthier” in nature (eg. health foods, organic products and protected designation of origin). It will focus on the loss in confidence of brand loyalty and market distrust. The study combines case history analysis with insights drawn from 270 Italians, framing a profile of consumers’ expectation and reaction to food scandals. Research was conducted using an online questionnaire, in June 2018. It is evidenced that consumers are more tolerant when recalls involve heavily processed foods but tend to react more firmly when they involve foods and brands claiming to be “healthy” or organic products and protected designations of origins. Nowadays more than ever, consumer’s trust is as much a function of sharing company values and having brand affinity. Our conclusion is that foods that share specific set of values with consumers, such as ethics, quality and health, result in a higher degree of brand loyalty. This can easily be a double-edged sword which can result in a far stronger disapproval when the brand fails to keep their promise of health and quality.
Physiological characterisation of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes for drought tolerance

Drought is the major constrains faced in rainfed areas so Screening of genotypes for drought tolerance is the need of the day, by using physiological traits as a parameter The present investigation was designed out in in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. In-vitro PEG6000 is used as a drought inducer to screen 17 genotypes based on seed vigour 7 best genotypes were selected for in-vivo. Field trail with 7 genotypes Based on field capacity different water treatments are taken to impose drought stress on green gram genotypes such as 100%, 80%, 50% and 30% irrigated conditions Among the genotypes protein content % KM-1423 and IPM 02-3, carotenoids KM-1423 and KM-1409, relative water content KM-1423 and IPM 02-14, chlorophyll a KM-1423 and KM-1415 and chlorophyll b, KM-1423 and IPM 02-14, Total chlorophyll KM-1423 and IPM 02-14 and proline content were found as KM-1423 and IPM 02-14. Over the genotypes KM-1423 found to be highly suitable for under both irrigated as well as rain fed conditions.
Time-Varying Conditional Covariances in Tests of Asset Pricing Models

This paper proposes tests of asset pricing models that allow for time variation in conditional covariances. The evidence indicates that the conditional covariances do change through time. Estimates of the expected excess return on the market divided by the variance of the market (reward-to-risk ratio) are presented for the Sharpe-Lintner CAPM, as well as a number of tests of the model specification. The patterns of the pricing errors through time suggest the model's inability to capture the dynamic behavior of asset returns. This is the working paper version of my 1989 Journal of Financial Economics article.
Corporate social responsibility, country reputation and corporate reputation A perspective on the creation of shared value in emerging markets

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP) from a shared value perspective. Adopting reputation as a multilevel form of value that mediates the CSR–CFP relationship, the paper explains how CSR initiatives may enhance both firm and country reputation and how the amount of shared value between the two leads to CFP. Design/methodology/approach – The paper first establishes the theoretical foundation for the relationship between CSR and CFP. It then draws connections to a more recent stream of literature surrounding the concept of creating shared value to expand upon this relationship, adopting reputation as a multilevel form of shared value that mediates the CSR–CFP relationship. The paper further discusses moderating influences of this relationship that may vary contextually with emerging economies such as those in Latin America. Findings – The paper argues that as markets become further developed, CSR initiatives will create a higher proportion of shared reputational value between a corporation and country. This is the result of from aligning CSR initiatives that benefit a society, with the strategic goals of the firm – the essence of creating of shared value – but is more difficult in emerging markets, especially volatile ones. Originality/value – This paper offers insight into a complex relationship between CSR, shared reputational value and CFP by introducing the more recent concept of creating shared value. Several propositions related to this general relationship, and some related to the difference among emerging markets (such as those in Latin America), address the need for more research related to corporate and country reputation, creating shared value and in the emerging market context.
An analysis of the effect of the technique of the repair and postoperative rehabilitation protocol on the treatment outcomes of flexor tendon injuries: a review

Abstract This study covers updated information on the methods of the repair of flexor tendon injuries, postoperative rehabilitation protocols and their effect on treatment outcomes. Contemporary techniques of flexor tendon repair are based on combinations of various types of core sutures and circumferential epitenon sutures. Literature shows a tendency of replacing earlier 2-strand core tendon sutures with novel multistrand core sutures, however the results of meta-analyses do not confirm any definitive superiority over traditional techniques. Likewise, literature does not provide conclusive evidence that early active postoperative mobilization results in better outcomes than active-passive and controlled passive mobilization techniques. The choice of the method of flexor tendon repair and postoperative rehabilitation protocol depends only in part on scientific evidence, but more on individual or institutional preference of the surgeon.
Physicochemical property and fatty acid composition of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.seed oil

Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.seed oil was extracted from the seed of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.by Soxhlet method,and its physicochemical property,composition of fatty acids and triglyceride were detected by chemical and instrumental analysis methods.The results showed that oil content of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.seed was 29.91%,the unsaturated fatty acid was 66.955% and the trichosanic acid was 16.15%.
To study the response of salicylic acid on growth, physiological traits, yield and yield components of wheat varieties on timely and late sown conditions

The present investigation entitled “Effect of salicylic acid on growth, physio-chemical changes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under high temperature at anthesis” was conducted at Students Instructional Farm of the Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16. The experiment was planned under RBD (Randomized Block Design) with three replications. The treatment consisted of two date of sowing viz;25th November and 25th December with two varieties NW-5054 and NW-2036 with ten salicylic acid treatment. Results indicated that growth attributes such as plant height, number of tillers per plant and dry weight per plant influenced with the date of sowing. When late sown variety was planted timely all the growth attributes showed drastic reduction with respect to late sowing (25th December). However, NW-5054 showed comparatively good performance in terms of growth attributes at timely sown (25th November). Performance of NW-5054 was very good as compared to NW-2036 due to delayed sowing on 25th December. Among SA treatments,T10(Seed soaking in (0.75mM) salicylic acid + Foliar spray of (0.75mM) salicylic acid at 30 DAS) resulted in highest increase in these traits while T9 (Foliar spray of (0.75mM) salicylic acid at 30 DAS)over control. Proline content in leaves increased with the age of the crop up to 90 DAS in both the date of sowing. The highest amount of proline content was recorded at 90 DAS in both the varieties under both the date of sowing. Date of sowing influenced the membrane injury index (MII). Both the varieties had higher MII at 60 DAS. SA treatment significantly decreased the MII at all the growth stages. The activity of antioxidant enzymes viz; catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxide in leaves increased with the age of the crop up to 90 DAS under both the date of sowing in both the varieties.SA treatments increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxide enzyme. However, maximum increase in the activity of these enzymes was observed with T10 (Seed soaking in (0.75mM) salicylic acid + Foliar spray of (0.75mM) salicylic acid at 30 DAS). Time of sowing decreased substantially almost in all the yield components measured viz; number of ear per plant, ear length, number of grains per plant, test weight, biological yield and harvest index which caused severe reduction in yield. Overall, T10 (Seed soaking in (0.75mM) salicylic acid + Foliar spray of (0.75mM) salicylic acid at 30 DAS) treatment showed best result and T2 Seed soaking in (0.25mM) salicylic acid gave least. All the salicylic acid treatments reduced the detrimental effect of heat stress on both the varieties by improving physiological traits which ultimately helped in obtaining higher yield.
Surveillance of the resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in some hospitals in Guangzhou area from 1998～2000

Objective To study the antimicrobial resistance changes of common pathogenic bacterial isolates in Guangzhou. Methods Disc diffusion test was used to measure the antibiotic susceptibility of 5063 strains collected from 13 hospitals in Guangzhou from 1998 to 2000 (Fastidious bacteria were detected by E test). Results From 1998 to 2000, the percentage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 45.3%,53.0%, and 50.8%, respectively, and that of methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus was 64.1%, 86.0%, and 79.0% accordingly. There was no resistance to vancomycin in the strains of Staphyloccocas and there were 40.7%, 31.8% and 36.4% in E.coli and 43.1%, 42.7%, and 31.5% in Klebsiella found to be extended spectrum lactamases producing in the 3 years. Resistant rates of Enterobacter spp against the third generation cephalosporins increased. Resistant rates of P.aeruginosa against cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceftazidime,amikacin were changed unmarkedly in recent years. Conclusions The antimicrobial resistance of common pathogenic bacteria is serious in Guangzhou area. The surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility is of great significance.
Estudio ecologico y bionomico de los poblamientos bentonicos del mar menor (murcia, se de españa)

SE REALIZA UN ESTUDIO GENERAL SOBRE EL MAR MENOR CONSIDERANDOSE SUS CARACTERISTICAS HIDROGRAFICAS Y LA DINAMICA DE SUS AGUAS. ASIMISMO, SE LLEVA A CABO EL ESTUDIO SEDIMENTOLOGICO DE SUS FONDOS. SUS POBLAMIENTOS BENTONICOS HAN SIDO ESTUDIADOS DESDE EL PUNTO DE VISTA FAUNISTICO, BIONOMICO Y ESTRUCTURAL DE LAS COMUNIDADES. SE PRESENTA LA CARTOGRAFIA DE LAS BIOCENOSIS LAGUNARES. POR OTRO LADO, SE REALIZA EL ESTUDIO FAUNISTICO Y ECOLOGICO DE LOS POBLAMIENTOS ICTIOLOGICOS Y SE ANALIZAN LAS RELACIONES TROFICAS EXISTENTES Y LA ECOLOGIA ALIMENTARIA DE LAS ESPECIES. LA PRODUCCION PRIMARIA DEL MICROFITOBENTOS SE HA ESTUDIADO MEDIANTE LA TECNICA DEL CARBONO RADIACTIVO Y LA REALIZACION DE INCUBACIONES IN SITU. LOS RESULTADOS SON ANALIZADOS A LA LUZ DE LAS TEORIAS EXISTENTES SOBRE LA ZONACION Y TIPIFICACION DE LAS LAGUNAS O SISTEMAS PARALICOS EN GENERAL Y SE PROPONEN NUEVOS ENFOQUES DE LAS MISMAS Y DE LA TEORIA DEL CONFINAMIENTO. FINALMENTE, SE REALIZA UN ANALISIS DE LA EVOLUCION QUE HAN SUFRIDO LAS CARACTERISTICAS AMBIENTALES Y LOS POBLAMIENTOS DEL MAR MENOR EN EL CURSO DE SU HISTORIA NATURAL Y BAJO LA INFLUENCIA DE LAS ACTIVIDADES HUMANAS.
Nesting Habits of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) on the Atlantic Coast of Florida

The reproductive habits of the Florida east coast terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin tequesta were studied from 1977 to 1979 at the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Brevard County, Florida. Nesting occurred only on dike roads, in contrast to other subspecies of Malaclemys which normally nest on sand dunes. Nesting occurred from April to July, during daylight hours, and reached a peak during periods of high air temperatures and clear skies. Mean clutch size was 6.7, and up to three clutches may be laid each year. The clutch size of M. t. tequesta is considerably smaller than that of northern populations of Malaclemys. Small clutch size is apparently correlated with an increase in egg and hatchling size, which may result in higher survivorship of offspring in southern populations. The diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin is one of the most widely distributed species of turtles in North America, extending from Cape Cod southward to the Florida Keys, and as far west as the Gulf coast of Texas. Such a wide-ranging species might be expected to show considerable variation in its reproductive biology. Unfortunately, field studies of the reproductive habits of Malaclemys have been limited to the northern subspecies, M. t. terrapin (Finneran, 1948; Reid, 1955; Burger and Montevecchi, 1975; Montevecchi and Burger, 1975; Burger, 1976a,b, 1977). Information regarding reproduction in other subspecies is confined to captive specimens (Hildebrand, 1929, 1932; Burns and Williams, 1972); the usefulness of this information is limited (Carr, 1952; Burnley, 1969). The Florida east coast terrapin, M. t. tequesta has the southernmost distribution of any Malaclemys with the exception of M. t. rhizophorarum. Recent papers have dealt with mortality (Seigel, 1978), predation (Seigel, 1 Present address: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045. This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.215 on Wed, 31 Aug 2016 05:14:41 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 240 TRANSACTIONS OF THE KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCES iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiii~ , b o