Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of paralytic shellfish toxin content and profile produced by dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum isolated from Inokushi Bay, Japan

1 . The principal toxin were C1+2 (79.8 mole%) and GTX 5+6 (18.0 mole%), and minor components were characterized as GTX 2+3, dcGTX2+3, and neoSTX+STX. Interestingly, 7 strains were clearly distin- guished from those of other strains by the complete presence of GTX1+4. In the July strains, which were 33 strains isolated from bloom water, the average growth rate and toxin content was 0.34 divisions day -1 and 160 f mole cell -1 , respectively. C1+2 (83.3 mole%) and GTX 5+6 (10.6 mole%) were the principal toxins, as in the March strains. However, carbamoyl toxins in the July strains were increasing with decreasing N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins in the Mach strains. We also observed major changes in toxin profile, evident by the increase of C1+2 and the decrease of GTX 5+6 in response to increasing temperature, using a single March strain. Minor components of July strains were characterized by GTX2+3, neoSTX, STX and dcGTX2+3. Thus, if we were to consider the toxin profile percentage based on temperature variation, G. catenatum outbreaks in March and July may have originated from one and the same population.
Human exposures and potential health hazard assessment of Hg and Pb in some major imported frozen fish species in Nigeria

ABSTRACT The levels of mercury and lead in three major species of imported frozen fish—Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), sardine (Sardinella sindesis), and scumbera (Scumbria spp)—were determined and potential health hazard resulting from their ingestion by Nigerians was assessed. Sample digestion was carried out as prescribed in the Food and Agricultural Organisation/Swedish International Development Agency wet digestion method. Quantitation of the Hg and Pb content of the digested samples and blanks was carried out spectrophotometrically using thiozone as the ligand. The ranges of level of Hg in the samples in mg/Kg were: 0.03–0.42 for Scomber scombrus and 0.03–0.37 and 0.020–0.31 for Scumbria and Sardinella sindesis, respectively. Also, Pb had value ranges in mg/Kg of 0.20–0.28, 0.24–0.32, and 0.15–0.32 in Scomber scombrus, Scumbria, and Sardinella sindesis, respectively. Potential health hazard assessment that was carried out showed no risk status for children and adults consuming Sardinella sindesis and scumbera and adults consuming Scomber scombrus (HQ < 1). The results further showed a risk (HQ = 1.022 and THI = 1.036) for children taking Scomber scombrus.
Increased prolactin secretion and thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone in Klinefelter's syndrome

Summary The reports published thus far on prolactin and thyrotrophin secretion in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome are controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interrelation between prolactin on one hand, and hormones of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis and thyrotrophin, on the other, in males with Klinefelter's syndrome. Fifteen patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, aged between 17 and 43 years, and 15 healthy males, aged 22–35 years, were studied. Mean ± SD basal serum prolactin levels were 529.6±174.6 mU l‐1 in the patients, and 270.1±113.0 mU l‐1 in the control group (P<0.001). Following 200 μg thyrotrophin releasing hormone, an enhanced prolactin response was seen in the males with Klinefelter's syndrome. There was no evidence of any of the well‐known causes of hyperprolactinaemia. The response of thyrotrophin to thyrotrophin releasing hormone was more pronounced in Klinefelter patients in comparison with controls. Presumably, in Klinefelter's syndrome both alterations—of prolactin and thyrotrophin secretion—may be caused by decrease of testosterone levels or they could reflect a disturbance in neuroendocrine regulation with some neurotransmitter imbalance.
Melancholia: Beyond DSM, Beyond Neurotransmitters, May 2–4, 2006, Copenhagen Marriott

A big part of this meeting is a question that you have all faced in your life. You know the classic story of the drunk who leaves a bar and looks for his keys, and is seen in the street, looking hither and yon. And then somebody comes by, and says Well, maybe I can help you find your keys. And the story of course ends with the gentleman saying, Well, why are you looking here? and the drunk says, Well, I lost my keys over there, but I’m looking here because this is where the light is. For 100 years, we as clinicians and scientists have been looking for what one might call the keys to psychopathology. We have had the opportunity to ask, What is a mood disorder? What is a depression? The classification of mood disorders is in disarray. The classifications are phenotypic, with types and subtypes identified by checklists of symptoms (without attention to severity), divided by dominant typology (bipolar, psychotic, atypical, anxious, dysthymia), history (seasonal, geriatric, secondary to medical conditions, substance abuse), number of episodes, and other ididsyncratic designations [post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), premenstrual dysphoria]. To make a proper diagnosis in DSM-IV, the practitioner and researcher has to consider permutations of at least four mood disorders with four to six descriptors, and six to nine specifiers. Such complexity is overwhelming and the major clinical studies and treatment algorithms do not attend to the niceties of these descriptions but simply to major depression (nonpsychotic or psychotic), bipolar disorder, and dysthymia. An example of the chaos associated with this classification is the report by John Rush and his associates of the findings of the STAR*D. The outpatient population met criteria for non-psychotic major depression and exclusions for use of medical illness and substance abuse. With the selectiveserotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram as the first-line treatment, relief was accorded to 30%. The remainder was randomized to bupropion, venlafaxine, or sertraline with relief elicited in 21%, 18%, and 25%, respectively. Half the patients were not relieved in the repeated trials (1). What contributed to the low response rates? The weak antidepressant efficacy of the medications is a factor. From 20% to 40% of similar patient populations improve with placebo, rates that are equivalent to those associated with the medications studied. Heterogeneity of the population is the more serious limitation. The DSM criteria fail to distinguish those with psychological and social causes of their illness from those with a biologic (endogenous) basis. The sample, although out-patient and 53% employed, was rated on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HRDS]-17 as 19 ± 7.3, a moderate severity of illness. Yet, 17% of the Presented at the Conference: Melancholia: Beyond DSM, Beyond Neurotransmitters , May 2–4, 2006, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Effect of organic nutrient sources on yield, nutrient uptake and soil biological properties of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping sequence

A field experiment was carried out at Varanasi for two years (20052007) to study the effect of organic nutrient sources on yield, nutrient uptake and soil properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) based cropping sequence. Seven ricebased cropping sequences viz. ricepotato (Solanum tuberosum L.)onion (Allium cepa L.); ricegreen pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense)onion; ricepotatocowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis); ricegreen peacowpea; ricerajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)onion; ricerajmashcowpea and ricemaize (Zea mays L.) cowpea were assigned to main plots and three treatments of nitrogen application viz. control; organic manure; or- ganic manure + biofertilizer were allotted to sub plots. Highest rice equivalent yield (35.57 t/ha), monetary net re- turns ( 268.7103/ha), production efficiency (96.81 and 98.11 kg/ha/day) and irrigation efficiency (504.8 and 511.6 kg/ha-cm) were found under ricepotatoonion cropping sequence. Among the organic treatments, the highest rice equivalent yield (35.3 t/ha), production efficiency (95.7 and 97.8 kg/ha/day), irrigation efficiency (515.7 and 527.4 kg/ha-cm) and soil biological indictors like dehydrogenase activities, urease activities, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen were obtained under organic nutrient management combined with biofertilizers.
Delayed allergic reactions to betalactams

We present four cases of delayed allergic skin reactions to amoxicillin or ampicillin with good tolerance to benzyl pencillin and phenoxymethyl penicillin. The clinical symptoms reported by the patients, the intradermal skin tests and the controlled challenge results suggested that the mechanism was cellular mediated. In two patients these findings were supported by histopathological studies. Although delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams with positive skin test seem rare, they can occur to penicillins in allergic patients. The production of these reactions by amoxicillin or ampicillin with good tolerance to benzyl penicillin and phenoxymethyl penicillin emphasizes the role of the side chain in inducing allergic reactions to betalactams.
Experimental Salmonella typhimurium infections in rats

The protective effect of primed lymphocytes against a lethal dose of Salmonella typhimurium was studied in athymic and euthymic LEW rats. Primed lymphocytes were obtained by inoculating euthymic and thymus‐grafted animals with a non‐lethal dose of Salmonella typhimurium. Four weeks after the infection, spleen lymphocytes were separated by panning technique and antibody‐coated magnetic microsphere separation using antibodies to pan T and pan B lymphocytes and subsequent sorting in a fluorescense activated cell sorter by means of monoclonal antibodies against CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Euthymic and athymic rats were injected with different doses of primed pan B, pan T, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes before inoculation with a lethal bacterial dose. Most of the animals treated with pan B, pan T or CD8+ cells died within two weeks. After treatment with primed CD4+ cells, only six of 39 animals died. Doses as low as 104 cells from both euthymic or thymus‐grafted animals were effective, and athymic and euthymic recipients survived equally well. Four weeks after the infection both athymic and euthymic animals housed very few bacteria and had high antibacterial antibody titres. The percentages of splenic and lymph node CD4+ cells in the athymic rats were comparable to those found in the euthymic animals. The study shows that primed CD4+ lymphocytes even in very low doses are able to induce immunity against a Salmonella typhimurium infection.
Improving livetrapping methods for shrews (Sorex spp.)

Known for their high metabolism, shrews possess an incessant need to eat high quality foods. This drives much of the biology of shrews and has caused great difficulties when attempting to study shrews using mark-recapture methods. I reviewed the literature and identified potential causes of varied trappability in small mammals. Weather related factors were important in determining activity levels and thus trappability. Social relationships (both interand intraspecific) were found to contribute to trappability, in some cases with dominant individuals completely excluding subordinates from traps. Trap type was the easiest factor for a researcher to vary, and thus received most of the attention in the published literature. Sherman, pitfall, and Longworth traps were commonly used, and although pitfall traps are commonly used as removal traps, there is the potential for their use as live traps. The pitfall and Longworth traps seemed the most appropriate for capture of particularly small mammals, especially shrews; however comparisons between these three trap types were confounded by differing methods used for each trap type, and small sample sizes. I tested the relative efficiencies of pitfall and Longworth traps for livetrapping vagrant shrews (Sorex vagrans), and found the Longworth trap to be much more efficient, capturing up to five times as many individual shrews as pitfall traps. I also tested the utility of addition of mealworms as food for shrews, and the effect of increased trap check frequency on the trap mortality rates of vagrant shrews. The addition of mealworms significantly reduced mortality rates, and the addition of one midday trap check, so that traps were not left open for more than 8 h, reduced overall trap mortality rates in mealworm baited traps from nearly 60% (in non mealworm baited traps, checked at 12 h intervals) to less than 10%. Finally, I tested the
In vitro propagation of Vitis

An in vitro method capable of producing over 12,000 shoots in 4 months from a single 3-5 mm long grape shoot is described. Shoot production in the French hybrid cv. Baco grown on Murashige's minimal organic medium (MMO) supplemented with 80 mg adenine sulfate/1, 170 mg sodium phosphate/l (monobasic), and 3--4 mg N6-benzylaminopurine/l (BAP) was increased 7fold by starting on media solidified with 0.7 g agar/l for 4 wks and then reculturing to liquid media. Subsequently, 21 grape genotypes were propagated on the same medium with the BAP reduced to 2 mg/l and the reculture interval from 3 to 2 wks. Over 90 % of the shoots rooted readily in 7-14 d when supported on filter paper bridges in 1/4-strength MMO liquid supplemented with 150 mg sodium phosphate/l (monobasic), 10 g sucrose/1 and 0.1 mg indole-3-acetic acid/l, or in 14-21 d in coarse perlite saturated with the same medium without sucrose. In-vitro -Vermehrung von Vitis Es wird eine in-vitro -Methode beschrieben, mit deren Hilfe in 4 Monaten aus einem einzigen Sprosstuckchen von 3-5 mm Lange uber 12.000 Triebe gezogen werden konnen. Bei der franzosischen Rebkreuzung Baco, die auf organischem Minimalnahrboden nach Murasbige (MMO) mit Zusatzen von 80 mg Adeninsulfat/l, 170 mg einbasigem Natriumphosphat/l und 3-4 mg N6-senzylaminopurin/l (BAP) kultiviert wurde, war die Sprosproduktion auf das 7fache gesteigert, wenn zuerst eine 4wochige Anzucht auf festem Nahrboden (0,7 g Agar/l) und danach eine Ubertragung in flussiges Nahrmedium erfolgte. Auf dem gleichen Substrat wurden weitere 21 Rebsorten vermehrt, wobei die BAP-Menge auf 2 mg/l und das Ubertragungsintervall von 3 auf 2 Wochen herabgesetzt waren. Uber 90 % der Triebe bewurzelten sich im Verlauf von 1-2 Wochen ohne Schwierigkeiten, wenn sie auf Filterpapierbrucken gebracht wurden, die in flussigem, auf 1/4 verdunntem MMO standen, das mit 150 mg einbasigem Natriumphosphat/l, 10 g Saccharose/l und 0,1 mg Indolyl-3-essigsaure/l angereichert war; innerhalb von 2-3 Wochen bewurzelten sie sich auch in grobem Perlit, das mit denselben Nahrstoffen, aber ohne Saccharose, gesattigt war.
Acoustic Identification of Otomops wroughtoni and other Free-Tailed Bat Species (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from India

The Wroughton's free-tailed bat Otomops wroughtoni (Chiroptera: Molossidae) is a globally rare and data-deficient species. This species has been recorded only from four locations, in India and Cambodia, with the type locality in the Barapede caves, India. In this paper, we present an analysis of echolocation and social calls of O. wroughtoni from the Barapede caves. Echolocation calls of free-flying O. wroughtoni were narrowband and shallow frequency-modulated (shallow-FM), with peak frequency ranging between 14–17 kHz. Social call sequences of roosting O. wroughtoni showed five distinct signatures. Multivariate analyses of echolocation calls of O. wroughtoni and the other three molossid species found in India (Tadarida teniotis, T. aegyptiaca, Chaerephon plicatus), showed strong support for acoustic differentiation of these species. Our study will help identify probable occurrence of O. wroughtoni and the other species in unsurveyed areas through field acoustic surveys. It also proposes hypotheses about the ecology and foraging behaviour of O. wroughtoni that could be tested through further studies.
Damage Symptoms and Countermeasures of Main Diseases and Pests of Corn

The damage symptoms and countermeasures of main diseases of corn were introduced, including Exserohilum turcicum(Pass.)Leonard et Suggs, Helminthosporium maydis Nisik Miy, corn sheath blight and others.Moreover,the damage symptoms, occurrence regulation and control methods of main pests of corn were elaborated. The results provided references for corn production.
Occurrence of multiple drug resistant (MDR) aerobic bacteria in vaginal swabs of mares and their association with infertility

Only few attempts have been made to understand reproductive tract (RT) flora of infertile mares. This study was conducted to reveal diversity in aerobic bacteria and their antimicrobial drug resistance of breeding mares. Vaginal swabs of 54 infertile and 12 healthy mares were cultured for aerobic bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Enterobacter agglomerans, Streptococcus zooepidemicus and majority (18/19) of Enterococcus cecorum were isolated from infertile mares only, while Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes and Streptococcus vestibularis and S. mitis were isolated both from infertile and fertile mares. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was present in bacterial isolates irrespective of reproductive status of mares. All streptococcal isolates were resistant to ⩾ 12 antimicrobials. Enterococci and E. coli isolates from infertile mares were significantly more resistant to imipenem and â-lactam antibiotics, respectively. The isolation rate of Proteus spp. and Enterococcus spp. was significantly (χ2, 0.05) higher in mares with history of antimicrobial therapy. The study revealed substantial change in aerobic bacteria of RT of infertile mares, change favoured potential pathogens with MDR and antimicrobial therapy modulated to some extent RT microflora.
Séroépidémiologie de la rubéole en Côte-d'Ivoire: distribution géographique

A total of 3,473 serum samples were collected from healthy subjects in five geographical areas of Cote-d'Ivoire, between July 1985 and August 1986, and were analysed for the presence of rubella haemagglutination inhibition antibodies. Rubella antibodies were present in 1,994 of the samples giving a prevalence of 57.4%. The distribution of this prevalence appeared to be influenced by the climatic conditions and the density of population. The areas of Korhogo and Sinematiali in the north with a hot and dry climate had high prevalences, while the areas of Bouake and Bondoukou in the Centre and Centre-east respectively had low prevalences. The prevalence of rubella antibodies increases with age until it reaches a relatively low level from the age of 15 onward. The analysis of the data by the chi 2 test indicates that there was a statistically significant variation in the prevalence of rubella antibodies between urban and rural communities (p less than 0.001). In the areas of Korhogo and Sinematiali the rubella virus appeared to be best circulate in the rural communities, while the reverse was observed in the areas of Bouake and Bondoukou. In this study, there was not a sex influence in immunity to rubella, because no difference immunity to the virus was observed between males and females. In women of child-bearing age (15 to 44 years) the rubella immunity was relatively low (61.2%).
METHOD

A preconditioned method for saddle point problems is presented and analyzed. We show a double preconditioned method for special saddle point problems, and apply the new method to some standard iterative solution methods. The method is illustrated by several examples derived $hom$ the surface ﬁtting problems. Preliminary numerical results indicate that the method is eﬃcient.
Evaluation of the clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices of inflammatory markers in multiple sclerosis

Objectives ± Accumulating evidence indicates signi®cant heterogeneity in MS and soluble (s) adhesion molecules are postulated as markers of disease activity. We sought to evaluate intrathecal production of these and other molecules across the clinical spectrum of MS. Methods ± CSF indices of IgG, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin and sCD30 were calculated in 17 primary progressive (PPMS) patients, 15 secondary progressive patients (SPMS), 28 relapsing±remitting patients in relapse (RRMSR) and 14 RRMS patients in remission (RRMSNR) using commercially available ELISA kits. Patients had not received any immunomodulating therapy within the previous 6 months. MS patients were compared with 44 patients with non-in ̄ammatory neurological diseases (NINDs). Results ± The most sensitive CSF index at a 90% level of speci®city was for IgG which had 93% sensitivity in RRMSR and 92% sensitivity in RRMSNR. Corresponding sensitivity in PPMS and SPMS was 71% and 73% respectively. None of the other indices had sensitivity >50% apart from sVCAM-1 (64% in RRMSR and 52% RRMSNR) and sCD30 (53% in PPMS). Conclusions ± Unsurprisingly the strongest association in MS was with the intrathecal production of IgG. Similar results in PPMS and SPMS may re ̄ect comparable rates of progression in these 2 groups. Of the other molecules only intrathecal sVCAM-1 production is signi®cantly associated with MS and only in relapsing± remitting disease. S. A. McMillan, G. V. McDonnell, J. P. Douglas, S. A. Hawkins Regional Immunology Laboratory, Royal Group of Hospitals, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Northern Ireland Regional Neurology Service, Royal Group of Hospitals, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Department of Medicine, The Queen's University of Belfast, Room 125, Mulhouse Building, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA
SEXUAL OFFENSES

Sexual crimes always have some relationship to the sex drives; besides this, the only common features of sexual crimes are of a legal character. In Denmark, sexual offenses are set forth in Chapter 24 of the Danish Criminal Code. Persons who break the law by their sexual behavior do not always suffer from a sexual pathology and, conversely, sexual pathology is not identical with sexual crime. Since 1933, homosexuality between adults, fornication, prostitution, and sexual relations with animals are no longer punishable by law. (See Appendix A for the full text of the relevant sections of the Danish Criminal Code.) There is a great deal of difference between the various sex offenses, but they have one element in common: the percentage of sex crimes solved by arrest is substantially higher than for crime in general (see Table 1).
Molecular characterization of HERV‐H variants associated with multiple sclerosis

Our objective was to characterize retroviral sequences by RT-PCR with gag and env primers on RNA from RT-positive retroviral particles produced by multiple sclerosis (MS) derived B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. Sequence variants with high homology to the potentially functional subgroup RGH of the human endogenous retrovirus RTVL-H/HERVH family were found. The same sequences were also speci®cally found in the particulate fraction of a series of MS patient plasma samples and were absent in controls. South-Western blots demonstrate the presence of a nucleic acid binding protein, corresponding in size and function to the nucleocapsid protein, Gag NC, of other retroviruses. We also present indications for transmission of the retrovirus to PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from healthy individuals. T. Christensen, P. Dissing Sùrensen, H. Riemann, H. J. Hansen, M. Munch, S. Haahr, A. Mùller-Larsen Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Biotechnological Institute, Kogle Alle 2, DK-2970 Hùrsholm, Denmark and Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark