Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitatively Assessing the Future Land-Use/Land-Cover Changes and Their Driving Factors in the Upper Stream of the Awash River Based on the CA–Markov Model and Their Implications for Water Resources Management

Despite the rapid economic and population growth, the risks related to the current dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC) have attracted a lot of attention in Ethiopia. Therefore, a complete investigation of past and future LULC changes is essential for sustainable water resources and land-use planning and management. Since the 1980s, LULC change has been detected in the upper stream of the Awash River basin. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the current dynamics of LULC and use the combined application of the cellular automata and the Markov chain (CA–Markov) model to simulate the year 2038 LULC in the future; key informant interviews, household surveys, focus group discussions, and field observations were used to assess the consequences and drivers of LULC changes in the upstream Awash basin (USAB). This research highlighted the importance of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques for analyzing the LULC changes in the USAB. Multi-temporal cloud-free Landsat images of three sequential data sets for the periods (1984, 2000, and 2019) were employed to classify based on supervised classification and map LULC changes. Satellite imagery enhancement techniques were performed to improve and visualize the image for interpretation. ArcGIS10.4 and IDRISI software was used for LULC classification, data processing, and analyses. Based on Landsat 5 TM-GLS 1984, Landsat 7 ETM-GLS 2000, and Landsat 8 2019 OLI-TIRS, the supervised maximum likelihood image classification method was used to map the LULC dynamics. Landsat images from 1984, 2000, and 2019 were classified to simulate possible LULC in 2019 and 2038. The result reveals that the maximum area is covered by agricultural land and shrubland. It showed, to the areal extent, a substantial increase in agricultural land and urbanization and a decrease in shrubland, forest, grassland, and water. The LULC dynamics showed that those larger change rates were observed from forest and shrubland to agricultural areas. The results of the study show the radical changes in LULC during 1984–2019; the main reasons for this were agricultural expansion and urbanization. From 1984 to 2019, agriculture increased by 62%, urban area increased by 570.5%, and forest decreased by 88.7%. In the same year, the area of shrubland decreased by 68.6%, the area of water decreased by 65.5%, and the area of grassland decreased by 57.7%. In view of the greater increase in agricultural land and urbanization, as well as the decrease in shrubland, it means that the LULC of the region has changed. This research provides valuable information for water resources managers and land-use planners to make changes in the improvement of future LULC policies and development of sub-basin management strategies in the context of sustainable water resources and land-use planning and management.
Biological and Clinical Insight from Analysis of the Tumor B-Cell Receptor Structure and Function in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Simple Summary The goal of this review is to describe the biological and clinical implications associated with the analysis of the immunoglobulin (also known as B-cell receptor) expressed on the surface of the tumor cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Analysis of the surface immunoglobulin structure, levels, and signaling characteristics has regularly improved our understanding of this leukemia for the last +20 years since the identification of two subsets with unmutated tumor immunoglobulin (U-CLL) and bad prognosis or mutated immunoglobulins (M-CLL) and good prognosis. In this review, the authors summarize how analysis of the tumor immunoglobulin informs origin, maintenance, progression, current therapy choice, and prognosis of CLL while providing clues for future investigations. Abstract The B-cell receptor (BCR) is essential to the behavior of the majority of normal and neoplastic mature B cells. The identification in 1999 of the two major CLL subsets expressing unmutated immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region genes (U-IGHV, U-CLL) of pre-germinal center origin and poor prognosis, and mutated IGHV (M-CLL) of post-germinal center origin and good prognosis, ignited intensive investigations on structure and function of the tumor BCR. These investigations have provided fundamental insight into CLL biology and eventually the mechanistic rationale for the development of successful therapies targeting BCR signaling. U-CLL and M-CLL are characterized by variable low surface IgM (sIgM) expression and signaling capacity. Variability of sIgM can in part be explained by chronic engagement with (auto)antigen at tissue sites. However, other environmental elements, genetic changes, and epigenetic signatures also contribute to the sIgM variability. The variable levels have consequences on the behavior of CLL, which is in a state of anergy with an indolent clinical course when sIgM expression is low, or pushed towards proliferation and a more aggressive clinical course when sIgM expression is high. Efficacy of therapies that target BTK may also be affected by the variable sIgM levels and signaling and, in part, explain the development of resistance.
Comparative Approach of the Antibiotics Susceptibility of some Bacterial Strains Concurrently Isolated from Raw Milk and Cattle Feed (Water and Fodder) from some Farms in the West Region of Cameroon (Central Africa)

Introduction: Foodborne resistant bacteria have become a challenge to food security. Milk and milk products are easy vectors of transmission of foodborne pathogens, these being the main sources of human infection by antimicrobial resistant pathogens. The present study aimed at making a comparative approach of the antibiotic sensitivity/resistance of 3 bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp.) isolated from milk, drinking water and green fodder consumed by cows in the West Cameroon region (Central Africa). Methodology: A total of 48 raw milk samples, 48 water samples and 48 green fodder samples were collected during the year 2020 and subjected to culture and identification of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the antibiotic disc diffusion method. Results: Escherichia coli isolates showed high resistance (56-100%) to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in all three samples. Salmonella spp. isolates showed resistance to ampicillin only (62, 67 and 67%). Brucella spp. strains isolated from raw milk and drinking water showed high sensitivity (78-100%) to azithromycin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, rifampicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline. Antibiotic sensitivity/resistance to Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. strains largely did not differ between samples (P>0.05). No difference in sensitivity/resistance (P>0.05) of Brucella spp. strains isolated from milk and water was observed with respect to the 10 antibiotics tested. Conclusions: The emergence of resistance to various antibiotics commonly used in medical and veterinary practices has important implications for public health. It seems necessary to strengthen of the regulations covering the sale and prescription of antibiotics.
The Making of a Radical: The Role of Peer Harassment in Youth Political Radicalism

Although political radicalism is one of the major societal threats, we have limited understanding of how it is formed. While there are reasons to expect that harassment experienced in adolescence increase the propensity for radicalism, this relationship has not yet been investigated. This five-wave study of Swedish adolescents (N = 892) examined the role of peer harassment in radical political behavior. The results revealed that within-person fluctuations in harassment were positively related to fluctuations in radicalism. Individual-level (but not class-level) harassment also predicted differences between adolescents: youth who experienced more harassment had higher levels of and a more pronounced decrease in radicalism. In addition, adolescents who had more supportive teachers or parents were less affected by harassment than youth with less-supportive adults. The findings suggest that personal experiences of harassment increase the risk of radicalism but supportive relationships can mitigate their negative consequences.
Production and Structural Diversification of Withanolides by Aeroponic Cultivation of Plants of Solanaceae: Cytotoxic and Other Withanolides from Aeroponically Grown Physalis coztomatl

Withanolides constitute one of the most interesting classes of natural products due to their diversity of structures and biological activities. Our recent studies on withanolides obtained from plants of Solanaceae including Withania somnifera and a number of Physalis species grown under environmentally controlled aeroponic conditions suggested that this technique is a convenient, reproducible, and superior method for their production and structural diversification. Investigation of aeroponically grown Physalis coztomatl afforded 29 withanolides compared to a total of 13 obtained previously from the wild-crafted plant and included 12 new withanolides, physacoztolides I−M (9–13), 15α-acetoxy-28-hydroxyphysachenolide C (14), 28-oxophysachenolide C (15), and 28-hydroxyphysachenolide C (16), 5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrophysachenolide D (17), 15α-acetoxy-5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrophysachenolide D (18), 28-hydroxy-5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrophysachenolide D (19), physachenolide A-5-methyl ether (20), and 17 known withanolides 3–5, 8, and 21–33. The structures of 9–20 were elucidated by the analysis of their spectroscopic data and the known withanolides 3–5, 8, and 21–33 were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported. Evaluation against a panel of prostate cancer (LNCaP, VCaP, DU-145, and PC-3) and renal carcinoma (ACHN) cell lines, and normal human foreskin fibroblast (WI-38) cells revealed that 8, 13, 15, and 17–19 had potent and selective activity for prostate cancer cell lines. Facile conversion of the 5,6-chlorohydrin 17 to its 5,6-epoxide 8 in cell culture medium used for the bioassay suggested that the cytotoxic activities observed for 17–19 may be due to in situ formation of their corresponding 5β,6β-epoxides, 8, 27, and 28.
Multi-RF Beamforming-Based Cellular Communication Over Wideband mmWaves

The existing literature on cellular multi-user mmWave communication focus on joint baseband and RF precoding designs to enable spatial multiple access with minimum interference. These studies either assume the number of users <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is less than the number of RF units <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{RF}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or schedule the users in time domain by dedicating one RF unit to each user if <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M >N_{RF}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It is expected that serving multiple users over OFDMA in each analog beam will offer better utilization of the wideband channel. To this end, for the scenario with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M \gg N_{RF}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> we propose a sectored-cell model that is supported by multi-RF chains over the wideband mmWave channel, with each beam serving multiple users within a sector and the sectors being scheduled in round-robin fashion. We also propose a variable time frame structure that conducts sector-wise initial access, with simultaneous access to all users within a sector. It provides improved spectrum efficiency and decreased initial access delay as compared to the initial access using exhaustive beam search method. We then jointly estimate the optimum beamwidth and optimum <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{RF}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> that offer maximum average long-run user rate. Further, we introduce a reduced-complexity sector sojourn time optimization for non-homogeneously distributed users, that improves fairness of long-run user rates leveraging the variable time frame structure. The numerical results show that, while a high value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{RF}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> causes more interference to peak data rate, the average long-run user rate improves. Additionally, using a very narrow beam is also not optimal for providing maximum rate support. The proposed beamforming method offers a higher average long-run user rate over the competitive beamforming schemes while the complexity of user scheduling is independent of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
How Partisan Cable News Mobilizes Viewers: Partisan Media, Discussion Networks and Political Participation

ABSTRACT Integrating the extant research on partisan selective exposure, discussion networks and communication mediation model, this survey study (N = 1,203) tests the relationship between proattitudinal partisan media use (Fox News, MSNBC) and discussion networks (like-minded, cross-cutting) in the context of political participation. My results find evidence of asymmetrical relationships, such that Republicans watching Fox News are more likely to participate in politics through like-minded discussion, while MSNBC use is more likely to mobilize viewers directly. This study advances our understanding of the effects of partisan media use and discussion networks on political participation in the era of partisan polarization.
Behavioral Medicine Physiotherapy in the Context of Return to Work for Chronic Pain: A Single-Case Experimental Design Study

Effective interventions are needed for return-to-work (RTW) for individuals with chronic pain on long-term sick leave. In this study, a behavioral medicine physiotherapy protocol was systematically replicated and added to workplace components. The intervention was evaluated for fidelity and effects on target activities and work ability. A single-case experimental design was used with five participants. Daily and weekly ratings of personalized target activities at work as well as work ability were carried out throughout the study period of 26–28 weeks. Effects of the behavioral medicine physiotherapy intervention were evaluated for each individual using visual analysis of displayed graphs and quantitative non-overlap methods. Goal achievement for target activities was reviewed. Three participants completed the intervention. The results indicated an effect from the behavioral medicine physiotherapy intervention on task-specific self-efficacy for target activities, but no consistent effect on experience of target activities or work ability. All three participants had increased function in target activities in line with pre-defined goals. Fidelity to the intervention manual was good. Behavioral medicine physiotherapy can be successfully adapted to work disability and was here replicated in an RTW context for individuals with chronic pain. The intervention protocol should be further evaluated in large-scale studies.
Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome-Associated Genes and Pathways through Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis

Background Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most common type of sleep apnea disorder. The disease seriously affects the patient's respiratory system. At present, the prognosis of the disease is poor and there is a lack of effective treatments. Therefore, it is urgent to explore its pathogenesis and treatment methods. Method We downloaded a set of expression profile data from GSE75097 related to OSAS based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and selected the representative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the sample of the GSE75097 dataset. WGCNA was used to find genes related to OSAS and obtain coexpression modules. The Gene Ontology (GO) function and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were used to analyze genes from key modules. Finally, Cytoscape software was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and analyze the hub genes. Result We obtained a total of 7565 DEGs. Through WGCNA, we got four coexpression modules and the modules most related to OSAS were green-yellow, magenta, purple, and turquoise, and we screened out eight hub genes (DDX46, RNF115, COPA, FBXO4, PA2G4, NHP2L1, CDC20, and PCNA). GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the key modules were mainly enriched in tRNA modification, nucleobase metabolic process, DNA ligation, regulation of cellular component movement, basal transcription factors, Huntington disease, and vitamin digestion and absorption. Conclusion These pathways and hub genes can facilitate understanding the molecular mechanism of OSAS and provide a meaningful reference for finding biological targets of OSAS treatment.
Pilot Steam Distillation of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) from Portugal

While considering the project and the economic evaluation of an industrial steam distillation unit for essential oils there is a need to take into consideration that full extraction will need a lot of steam and that the length of the operation will determine the processing capacity of the unit. One must also quantify and dimension the equipment according to seasonal variations and associated processing peaks. Pilot tests are useful in obtaining data to cope with this problems and dimensioning industrial stills. Portuguese Rosmarinus officinalis L. is evaluated as an example.
Using machine learning algorithms with in-situ hyperspectral reflectance data to assess comprehensive water quality of urban rivers

Remotely sensed hyperspectral data can support more effective water quality monitoring. Nevertheless, the variability and complexity of urban river water make it hard to retrieve comprehensive water quality characteristics directly, so that most current water quality assessments rely on semi-empirical, semi-analytical or bio-optical approaches. In this study, we carried out simultaneous in-situ hyperspectral data and water quality measurements. We used the 382 hyperspectral data from urban rivers of Zhongshan City in the Pearl River Delta to test how well the Random Forest (RF) and One-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (1D-CNN) algorithms retrieved the newly established water quality index (WQI). The RF algorithm also identified essential wavelengths for retrieving the WQI. Our results demonstrate that the RF and 1D-CNN algorithms performed well in WQI estimations. The 1D-CNN model performed significantly better than the RF model, especially on high WQI samples. Both models were insensitive to smoothing of the hyperspectral data, showing that the noise of the original hyperspectral reflectance data has a limited impact on the algorithms. Additionally, when we used the essential wavelength data (mainly located between 580 nm to 590 nm and near 722 nm, 751nm, 821 nm, 830 nm) as input data, we achieved better retrieval results. The 1D-CNN model performed the best with an R2 of 0.87, RMSE of 0.574, and RPIQ of 3.082 when we used the top 10th percentile of the essential wavelength data. This study demonstrates the potential of the 1D-CNN algorithm for hyperspectral data analysis to retrieve comprehensive water quality.
Efisiensi Ekonomi Penggunaan Input Usahatani Padi Sawah Pada Lahan Irigasi Pedesaan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi dan tingkat efisiensi usahatani padi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah suatu kasus di Desa Gunungsari Kecamatan Sadananya Kabupaten Ciamis Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode slovin dengan marjin kesalahan 10% diperoleh ukuran sampel 82 orang petani dari populasi petani padi sebanyak 458 orang. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dan analisis efisiensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan penggunaan faktor produksi tenaga kerja, benih, pupuk organik, pupuk urea, pupuk NPK, luas lahan dan pestisida berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi padi. Hasil analisis secara parsial menunjukkan faktor produksi tenaga kerja, pupuk organik, pupuk urea, luas lahan dan pestisida berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan faktor produksi benih, pupuk NPK dan pestisida berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap produksi padi yang dihasilkan. Secara ekonomis penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi luas lahan, pupuk organik dan pupuk urea pada usahatani padi sawah di Desa Gunungsari Kecamatan Sadananya Kabupaten Ciamis belum efisien, sedangkan faktor produksi benih, pupuk NPK, tenaga kerja dan pestisida tidak efisien.
COVID 19 in pregnancy: our experience amidst second wave of COVID-19 at a teaching institute

To analyse the obstetrical outcome during second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at Level 2 facility. This is a hospital based analytical study conducted at Raj Shree medical and research institute Bareilly. During second wave a total 87 patients presenting to obstetric emergency department, over a period of one month (April 2021 to May 2021). A total of 26 patients were admitted in the hospital. 20 patients were COVID-19 positive and 6 patients were symptomatic with RT-PCR negative report. Out of 20 patients 19 were antenatal case and 1 case was postnatal. There were 2 mortalities among all positive patients. In all COVID-19 positive patients’ majority of the patients were in 26 to 30 years of age (46%). A High proportion presented in third trimester, at the gestation period between 37 to 40 weeks (54%). Around 23% patients had severe symptoms and there were 4 ICU admissions. 65% patients required supplemental oxygen at a rate of >12 l/min. There were a total 2 mortalities; both were in severe category with rapid deterioration. The significant laboratory derangement observed was coagulation profile deranged in 40% cases. COVID-19 second wave was deleterious for obstetric population in an unprecedented manner. A high morbidity and mortality were seen in this duration. Data and evidence which is continuously evolving needs to be shared for global references and knowledge sharing amongst peers.
Effect of polypropylene fibres on the shrinkage cracking behaviour of lightweight concrete

A study has been carried out to understand the effect of polypropylene fibres on the shrinkage cracking behaviour of lightweight concrete using a restrained ring test. Polypropylene fibres of 0 to 1·0% by volume in lightweight aggregate concrete and 0 to 2% by volume in foamed concrete were used. Steel and alkali-resistant glass fibres of 0·5% by volume were also used in the lightweight aggregate concrete for comparison. The effect of fibres on compressive and tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural toughness and free shrinkage properties are also studied. The results indicate that the polypropylene fibres have less influence on the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and free shrinkage of lightweight aggregate concrete and foamed concrete. However, the addition of fibres resulted in an increase in the tensile strength in both the concretes. Polypropylene fibres have shown comparable performance in improving toughness in both lightweight aggregate concrete and foamed concrete, while a si.