Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hunter-Gatherer Childhoods: Evolutionary, Developmental, and Cultural Perspectives

In the vast anthropological literature devoted to hunter-gatherer societies,surprisingly little attention has been paid to the place of hunter-gathererchildren. Children often represent 40 percent of hunter-gatherer populations,thus nearly half the population is omitted from most hunter-gathererethnographies and research. This volume is designed to bridge the gap in ourunderstanding of the daily lives, knowledge, and development of hunter-gatherer children.
Secondary School Student’s Academic Performance Self Esteem and School Environment: an Empirical Assessment from Nigeria

Exams have long served as the primary tool for determining a student's aptitude and as a way to choose students for academic advancement and employment. This study evaluated how much the school atmosphere and students' self-esteem affected their academic performance in a few senior secondary schools in Obafemi-Owode LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted. Three hundred and ninety-six (396) respondents participated in the study. Descriptive statistics of frequency distribution mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the data and provide answers to the research questions. The study found that self-esteem levels, academic achievement levels, and respondents' perceptions of the school environment were all below average for secondary school pupils. In order to increase students' academic engagement and performance, the study found that secondary school students' self-esteem and a supportive school climate are important elements that should be taken into consideration together. The study did, however, suggest that parents and teachers must work together to foster a welcoming and encouraging learning atmosphere where students feel fully supported, motivated, and appreciated.
MORTALITY OF WHOOPING CRANE COLTS IN WOOD BUFFALO NATIONAL PARK,CANADA, 1997-99

Twenty-two whooping crane (Grus americana) pairs with 2 young were monitored in Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP) over 3 years to determine causes of colt mortality. The family groups were monitored from the ground, air, and with the aid ofradioteiemetry. We attached transmitters to 18 colts: 5 (28%) fledged, 5 (28%) succumbed to cumulative effects (head trauma, stress, exposure and/or infection), 4 (22%) were lost to unknown causes (3 of these went missing after they had lost their transmitters), 2 (11%) were taken by foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 1 (5.5%) was lost to raven (Corvus corax) predation, and 1 (5.5%) died of pneumonia. Of the 22 pairs we monitored, 16 young fledged. Of these, 2 (13%) were the younger sibling. PROCEEDINGS NORTH AMERICAN CRANE WORKSHOP 8:6-10
Bomb Produced 14C Content in Tree Rings Grown at Different Latitudes

The 14C content in 1961–1967 rings of each of three spruce pines grown at (68° N, 130° W), (47° 30' N, 129° 16' E) and (27° 13' N, 100° 20' E) were measured. Δ14C values of the three specimens rise dramatically from a common level (∼250‰) in 1961 to their respective maxima, 964‰, 909‰, and 743‰ in 1964 and then fall to a common level ∼680‰ in 1967. The observed Δ14C increase comes most likely from the nuclear bomb test of the USSR at 75° N in 1961, although there were many other tests since the 1950s. The different effects at different latitudes reflect the atmospheric circulation patterns in the stratosphere and the transport of 14C nuclei from the stratosphere to the troposphere.
Enhancing Functional Efficiency and Quality of Life through Revascularization Surgery in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Comparative Analysis of Objective and Subjective Indicators

Background This study aimed to compare the ankle-brachial index (ABI), maximal claudication distance (MCD), pain-free walking distance (PFWD), claudication pain, and quality of life (intermittent claudication questionnaire [ICQ]) before and 3 months after revascularization surgery in 98 patients diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) at a single center in Poland. Material/Methods Ninety-eight patients were examined (77% men, 23% women, 65.65±7.27 years old), diagnosed with PAD, and qualified for revascularization. The diagnosis of PAD was made on the basis of ABI ≤0.9 and medical records. The patients underwent a noninvasive examination, including measurement of ABI (by Doppler with the EZ8 probe), assessment of the quality of life by ICQ, distance of intermittent claudication on a treadmill using the Gardner-Skinner protocol (including PFWD and MCD), and pain intensity during walking (numeric rating scale [NRS11]). The assessment was carried out twice: 1 to 5 days before surgery and 3 months after surgery. Results There was an increase of ABI (0.4 vs 0.62, P<0.001), PFWD (26.64 vs 80.21, P<0.001), MCD (60.08 vs 181.85, P<0.001), and ICQ (79.92 vs 60.23, P<0.001) and reduction of PFWD pain (7.26 vs 6.05, P<0.001) and MCD pain (9.24 vs 8.11, P<0.001). Conclusions Revascularization surgery improved the ABI and patients functional efficiency expressed in the improvement of subjective indicators PFWD, MCD, NRS11, and ICQ. Patients who had a longer duration of disease had worse outcomes after revascularization. More attention should be paid to increasing access to preventive examinations aimed at early detection of PAD and the possibility of implementing conservative treatment.
Observation of impurity accumulation and its compatibility with high plasma performance in W7-X

At the W7-X stellarator, the bolometer system has measured an intensive radiation zone in the inner plasma region (at a normalized radius ρ ∼ 0.3–0.4) in the hydrogen plasma generated by electron cyclotron resonance heating; it differs from the normal plasma radiation distribution with an edge-localized emission zone. Spectroscopic diagnostics have recorded high-Z elements such as iron. This phenomenon happens in the plasma phases after gas supply turn-off, which results in all impurity relevant diagnostic signals increasing for several seconds. Despite the enhancement of the core radiation, the plasma energy confinement is improved. A transport analysis shows that this impurity radiation behavior is associated with a low diffusion coefficient (D∼ 0.02 m2 s−1) and a reversal of the convection around the radial position of the emission peak, which, under normal conditions, separates the zones of outward convection in the central (|V| ∼ 0.1 m s−1) and inward convection in the outer region (|V| ∼ 0.3 m s−1). An impurity accumulation around this radial position has been identified. The transport coefficients obtained are comparable with the theoretical predictions of collisional impurity transport. In the plasma phases studied, both impurity and energy confinement are enhanced. The mechanism responsible for the improvement is believed to be a reduction of micro-instabilities associated with the observed steepening of the density profile, initiated by a low edge plasma density (<1.0 × 1019 m−3) after switching off the gas fueling. The normalized temperature and density gradients fulfil the condition for the suppression of ITG turbulence.
Clinical characteristics of respiratory tract infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in immunocompromised patients: a retrospective cohort study

Purpose With advancements in medical technology and the growth of an aging society, the number of immunocompromised patients has increased progressively. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens, causing a severe disease burden. We aimed to further clarify the differences in respiratory tract K. pneumoniae infections between immunocompromised and immunocompetent populations. Methods We retrospectively compared cases of respiratory tract K. pneumoniae infection in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients admitted to Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai between January 2019 and August 2020 to clarify the differences between the two groups. Results We enrolled 400 immunocompromised patients and 386 immunocompetent patients. Compared to the immunocompetent group, immunocompromised patients were more likely to develop bacteremia and shock and to require mechanical ventilation support during hospitalization. Immunocompromised patients also had a greater probability of polymicrobial infection and a higher rate of antibacterial resistance to carbapenem, which resulted in a higher intensive care unit admission rate, 30-day case fatality rate (CFR), and 6-month CFR. Multivariate analysis indicated that immunocompromised patients with respiratory diseases (odds ratio [OR], 2.189; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.103-4.344; P = 0.025) and cardiovascular diseases (OR, 2.008; 95% CI, 1.055-3.822; P = 0.034), using mechanical ventilation (OR, 3.982; 95% CI, 2.053-7.722; P = 0.000), or infected with multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae (OR, 3.870; 95%, 1.577-9.498; P = 0.003) were more likely to have a higher 30-day CFR. Conclusion The disease burden of K. pneumoniae infection in immunocompromised patients is high. Immunocompromised patients who presented with respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases, used mechanical ventilation, or were infected with multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae experienced a higher 30-day mortality rate.
Cultivars developed in the strawberry breeding program of Fresas Nuevos Materiales S.A.

Fresas Nuevos Materiales S.A. (FNM), based in Huelva, Andalucia, Spain, was created in 1999 to breed varieties adapted to this province and areas with similar climatic conditions. Every season we make around 120 crosses and plant about 10.000 seedlings. Around 200 plants are selected and tested the next season as first-year selections. The first year-selections selected (about 10-15%) are tested in field trials the following season as second-year selections; the best of them (4-5) pass to the advanced selections trials. Three new cultivars named 'Cisco' (short-day), 'Fnm Coral' (short-day) and 'Pedrone' (day-neutral) were released in 2005. The cultivar 'Fnm Coral' with good yield and excellent quality is being cultivated this season (2007/8) in about 170 hectares. New selections with good yield and excellent quality are being developed to be commercialized in the coming seasons. Two of them, 'A3-10-8' (short-day) and 'A3-54-1' (short-day, early season) are in the registration process. Field trial results for agronomic traits and fruit quality for 2005/6 and 2006/7 seasons are presented.
Characterization of the NEP of Mid-Infrared Upconversion Detectors

We present a scheme to estimate the noise equivalent power (NEP) of the frequency upconversion detectors (UCDs), detecting mid-infrared (MIR) light. The NEP of the UCD is a combined contribution of NEPs from the upconversion process and from the photodetector, used for detecting the upconverted signal. The 2–5-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIR range is particularly investigated in this letter using a bulk periodically poled lithium niobate-based CW-intracavity UCD. We measured the NEP of UCD as 20 fW/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sqrt {\text {Hz}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the MIR wavelength of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.39~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Here, we showed that the limiting factor is not the noise from the upconversion process (estimated NEP is 2.3 fW/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sqrt {\text {Hz}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.39~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) but from the electrical noise in the photodetector itself. We also compared the performance of our UCD with the previously published results and with market available direct MIR detectors. In addition, we measured the optical noise of the UCD over its working spectral range (2.9–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.6~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and compared with the numerical simulation.
Some elements to discuss the agrarian morphology asymmetry in the Mexicali-Imperial border region

The flagrant asymmetry in agrarian morphology along the lower Colorado River delta border region that can be recorded in satellite images and aerial photographs, accentuate the contrast between Mexicali and Imperial agricultural valleys. Such morphological frameworks seem to point toward a territorial antagonism that shapes two border agricultural models. Beyond the mere structural and organizational events that take place on either side of the border, the convergence of cross-border productive and trading processes raises questions regarding the nature and meaning of the asymmetry that exists in the binational agricultural scheme. This essay aims to explore some explicative elements within the historic, socioeconomic and political frameworks that gave way to the development of the border region of the lower Colorado River Delta.
Reproductive performance of Sahiwal and Jersey × Sahiwal cows under farm and field conditions in peninsular India.

Reproductive performance is an index of adaptation, genetic progress and profitability in dairy production system, thus vital for a successful dairy venture. The reproductive performance under farm and field conditions of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal (JxS) crossbred cows evolved in peninsular India, is illustrated in this paper, to provide empirical literature on this subject. The dam-breed Sahiwal is a superb dairy breed of north western dry region of India. The reproductive traits viz., age at first calving (AFC), gestation period (GP), dry period (DP), service period (SP), and calving interval (CI) of 12 cows each of Sahiwal and JxS at the Dairy Experimental Station (DES) of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) at Tirupati, and in the farmers’ cattle herds (FCH) in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, covering a period of four years from 2008 to 2011 were included in this study. The climatic condition of the study area was tropical semi-arid. The study revealed significant (P≤0.01) differences in AFC, DP, SP, and CI between the three genetic groups. The reproductive performance of JxS (Farm) was significantly (P≤0.01) better than JxS (Field) and Sahiwal, while Sahiwal was better (P≤0.01) than JxS (Field). The means of reproductive parameters of Sahiwal, JxS (Farm) and JxS (Field) were 1223.25±9.77, 985.17±11.40, and 1237.92±13.09 days respectively for AFC, 151.00±3.27, 123.33±5.28, and 198.25±3.77 days respectively for DP, 163.92±4.20, 148.00±5.97, and 270.00±5.06 days respectively for SP, and 446.58±4.16, 429.58±6.10, and 552.25±5.02 days respectively for CI. The phenotypic correlations (r) between DP & SP, DP & CI, and SP & CI, were 0.734, 0.710, and 0.992 respectively in Sahiwal, 0.938, 0.938, and 0.998, respectively in J x S cows at DES, and 0.997 between SP & CI in the farmers’ herds, were statistically significant (P≤0.01). This study revealed that superior reproductive performance of JxS cows at DES was due to the exotic sire (Jersey) genes in the crossbred. The mediocre reproductive performance of JxS cows in farmers’ herds is attributed to nutritional and management constraints under field condition.
Towards an improved understanding of regional scale climate change in the Nepal Himalayas

The effects of enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations on Earth? s climate are well understood. However, the impacts of anthropogenic aerosol particles, in particular due to the many aerosol-cloud indirect feedback mechanisms are not fully or even explicitly quantified as yet. This PhD seeks to contribute to improve our knowledge and understanding of aerosol ? precipitation interactions over the Nepal Himalayas region and their consequences for precipitation patterns there. The research was carried out using the cloud-resolving Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model through a series of sensitivity studies and supported by literature reviews of satellite and field observations, although the latter are sparse. To complement the modelling studies, from March to December 2011, aerosols and surface meteorology were also continuously measured at Nagarkot (Lat: 27.7�N, Lon: 85.5� E, Alt: 1900m), Nepal, located in the eastern flank of a bowl shaped Kathmandu valley. The location was chosen to provide a representative vertical profile of aerosol and the impact on topographical flows. Our results showed a unique pattern of diurnal pollution circulation within the valley with a morning and evening peak. The evening peak, which is higher than the morning peak is attributed to the light wind blowing through the valley carrying locally generated fresh evening pollution, further enhanced by re-circulations of aged pollutants through suppression of the mixing layers as suggested by a previous study at a different location. The morning peak is caused by calm wind conditions followed by the transitional growth of the nocturnal boundary layer. It is found that the thermally driven mountain ? valley wind circulations are responsible for ventilation of pollutants. The WRF simulations showed that a sophisticated double moment bulk microphysics parameterization scheme performed best, which did not show any statistically significant difference compared to the observed data at 80% confidence interval using a Chi-squared goodness of best fit test. A sensitivity analysis of aerosol and temperature perturbations on the monsoon precipitation was conducted. We found that the model represented the first indirect effect reasonably well however, rainfall was not particularly sensitive to the aerosol perturbations used, due to the poorly documented role of the ice phase processes which assume a greater importance in this region due to the influence of topography and diurnal heating cycle. Further model studies focusing on chemical properties of aerosol and sensitivity of Ice Nuclei (IN) to precipitation in this region are recommended. In contrast, the effects of temperature perturbation were found to be significant, more so than the currently modelled aerosol indirect effects, suggesting that reduced frequency but intense rain events are likely over the Himalayas as the climate warms.
Impact of Climate Change on Total Factor Productivity of Agriculture in District Multan

Agriculture is particularly vulnerable to climate change because it faces open weather conditions. In uncontrolled open weather circumstances, it's difficult to attain better total factor productivity (TFP), which characterizes agriculture growth in an economy. The study estimated the TFP growth of Pakistan’s agriculture in first step by employing the Tornqvist- Theil index number approach for the period 1990-2019. The time series data for thirteen crops and four livestock categories from 1990 to 2019 were collected from different sources to estimate the TFP. The average annual TFP growth of agriculture was estimated to be 2.14 percent for the study period, and it contributed about 56 percent to total agricultural output growth. The results also indicated that TFP growth in agriculture sector was highest (0.05 percent) during the 1990-2000, while lowest (-2.14 percent) during the last decade. After, TFP index that was calculated in first step was used as dependent variable in second step of analysis. Then we estimated the impact of climate change on TFP in agriculture sector in Multan district. For this first we used ARDL bound test approach for estimation of long run impact of climatic variables. The results showed that there are positive effects of both minimum and maximum temperature on TFP in the study area. The drought and floods have negative impact on TFP but in first lag their effects became positive on TFP. One of the important variables of climate is rain that had positive impact on the TFP growth, with 1% increase in rainfall there was 0.22% increase in TFP at first lag. Improving the adaptation and mitigation practices related to floods and droughts would be required for sustainable growth in TFP in agriculture sector in Multan District.
Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is more effective than dexamethasone alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma regardless of prior thalidomide exposure.

This analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide + dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) previously treated with thalidomide. Of 704 patients, 39% were thalidomide exposed. Thalidomide-exposed patients had more prior lines of therapy and longer duration of myeloma than thalidomide-naive patients. Lenalidomide + dexamethasone led to higher overall response rate (ORR), longer time to progression (TTP), and progression-free survival (PFS) versus placebo + dexamethasone despite prior thalidomide exposure. Among lenalidomide + dexamethasone-treated patients, ORR was higher in thalidomide-naive versus thalidomide-exposed patients (P = .04), with longer median TTP (P = .04) and PFS (P = .02). Likewise for dexamethasone alone-treated patients (P = .03 for ORR, P = .03 for TTP, P = .06 for PFS). Prior thalidomide did not affect survival in lenalidomide + dexamethasone-treated patients (36.1 vs 33.3 months, P > .05). Thalidomide-naive and thalidomide-exposed patients had similar toxicities. Lenalidomide + dexamethasone resulted in higher rates of venous thromboembolism, myelosuppression, and infections versus placebo + dexamethasone, independent of prior thalidomide exposure. Lenalido-mide + dexamethasone was superior to placebo + dexamethasone, independent of prior thalidomide exposure. Although prior thalidomide may have contributed to inferior TTP and PFS compared with thalidomide-naive patients, these parameters remained superior compared with placebo + dexamethasone; similar benefits compared with placebo + dexamethasone were not evident for thalidomide-exposed patients in terms of overall survival. Studies were registered at http://www.clinicaltrials. gov under NCT00056160 and NCT00424047.
Size Segregated Carbonaceous Aerosol Down to Ultrafine Particle in Medan City, Indonesia

In this study, the distribution of PMs and their carbonaceous components, including organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) was evaluated to determine how much carbon profiles within ambient aerosol differ between four different sites in Medan city or (roadside (RS), school environment (SE), industrial area (IA), and volcano area (VA). Samples were taken by using ambient nano sampler (ANS) from February 19th to March 12th, 2019. Carbon analyser followed by IMPROVE_TOR methods was used to evaluate the carbonous component in all sites. Overall, OC is the primary carbon component, comprising more than 60% of all sites. Regarding particle size, the largest OC content was recorded in PM0.5-1 across all locations, suggesting that this particle size should be the primary focus of future evaluations of the consequences of biomass burning. The concentration of soot-EC dropped with the increase in particle size, since it was commonly influenced by vehicle emissions, which typically generated ultrafine and fine particles. PM0.1 has the greatest concentration of soot-EC. Due to their proximity to the city’s busiest thoroughfare, RS and SE sites had a larger soot-EC proportion than the two remaining sites (IA and VA) (Sisingamangaraja Street).