Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Sustainability Environment Educational Design and Learning Effect Evaluation through Migration Theory: An Example of Environment Educational Serious Games

Changes in the way people use information come from the concept of the most primitive human migration rule. Scholars hold that migration can be considered as a switching of people’s place of residence, but the migration of people is not limited to the migration of residence. The marketing field also borrows the population migration theory to further explore the switching behavior of customers; educationalists also discuss migration of learning through migration theory. In this regard, the migration of human beings is a process of historical evolution, though it takes several decades to understand history from the perspective of such evolution. Hence, if there is a decision-making system that simulates evolution and estimation through 3D graphics, then players may better understand the impact of environmental migration and changes on humanity. This study adopts Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) theory to explain the migration of human beings. Push is generated from people’s dissatisfaction with their place of residence, Pull is from attractions of the new environment, and personal mooring produces the intention of switching. A set of Gamification Environmental Education Applications (GEEA) and a migration scale for such apps are developed herein to explain the state where computer gamers switch to mobile app games. The results show that all four hypotheses are supported, and the path coefficient of each hypothesis is highly significant. The R2 values of five intrinsic constructs are Push (R2 = 0.321), Mooring (R2 = 0.574), Pull (R2 = 0.413), Switching intention (SI) (R2 = 0.552), and SB (R2 = 0.626), where the R2 value of SB is quite high, indicating that the relationship between the switching behavior (SB) and the four precursors exhibits great explanatory power. Hence, the explanatory power of this model is convincing, and the teaching materials designed through gamification education deliver better learning outcomes.
On the effect of water-soluble compounds removal on EC quantification by TOT analysis in aerosol samples

Abstract In this work, three diﬀerent thermal protocols were tested on untreated and water-washed aerosol samples to study the inﬂuence of soluble organic and inorganic com-pounds on EC measurements. Moreover, analyses on the water soluble extracts were 5 carried out. The aim was to ﬁnd out the most suitable protocol to analyse samplescollected in a heavily polluted area. Indeed, the tests were performed on real samplescollected at an urban background station in the Po Valley, which is one of the mainpollution hot-spots in Europe.The main diﬀerences among the tested protocols were the maximum temperature ofthe He step (i.e. 870 ◦ C, 650 ◦ C, and 580 ◦ C) and the duration of the plateaus during the 10 heating procedure. Our measurements evidenced the presence of a signiﬁcant amountof weakly light-absorbing aerosol evolving during the highest temperature step in He(i.e. 870 ◦ C), which makes lower temperature protocols not suitable for EC determina-tion in samples collected in heavily polluted areas like Milan.
RECOVERING SOCIAL NETWORKS FROM PANEL DATA : IDENTIFICATION , SIMULATIONS AND AN APPLICATION

It is almost self-evident that social interactions can determine economic behavior and outcomes. Yet, information on social ties does not exist in most publicly available and widely used datasets. We present methods to recover information on the entire structure of social networks from observational panel data that contains no information on social ties between individuals. In the context of a canonical social interactions model, we provide sufficient conditions under which the social interactions matrix, endogenous and exogenous social effect parameters are all globally identified. We describe how high-dimensional estimation techniques can be used to estimate the model based on the Adaptive Elastic Net GMM method. We showcase our method in Monte Carlo simulations using two stylized and two real world network structures. Finally, we employ our method to study tax competition across US states. We find the identified network structure of tax competition differs markedly from the common assumption of tax competition between geographically neighboring states. We analyze the identified social interactions matrix to provide novel insights into the long-standing debate on the relative roles of factor mobility and yardstick competition in driving tax setting behavior across states. Most broadly, our method shows how the analysis of social interactions can be usefully extended to economic realms where no network data exists. JEL Classification: C18, C31, D85, H71.
A molecular investigation of soil organic carbon composition across a subalpine catchment

The dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and turnover are a critical component of the global carbon cycle. Mechanistic models seeking to represent these complex dynamics require detailed SOC compositions, which are currently difficult to characterize quantitatively. Here, we address this challenge by using a novel approach that combines Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and bulk carbon X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to determine the abundance of SOC functional groups, using elemental analysis (EA) to constrain the total amount of SOC. We used this SOC functional group abundance (SOC-fga) method to compare variability in SOC compositions as a function of depth across a subalpine watershed (East River, Colorado, USA) and found a large degree of variability in SOC functional group abundances between sites at different elevations. Soils at a lower elevation are predominantly composed of polysaccharides, while soils at a higher elevation have more substantial portions of carbonyl, phenolic, or aromatic carbon. We discuss the potential drivers of differences in SOC composition between these sites, including vegetation inputs, internal processing and losses, and elevation-driven environmental factors. Although numerical models would facilitate the understanding and evaluation of the observed SOC distributions, quantitative and meaningful measurements of SOC molecular compositions are required to guide such models. Comparison among commonly used characterization techniques on shared reference materials is a critical next step for advancing our understanding of the complex processes controlling SOC compositions.
Seasonal Prevalence of Poultry Diseases in Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu, India

The objective of the present study is to ascertain the prevalence of poultry diseases in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu from 2011 to 2018. Necropsy examination of the sick and dead poultry birds from various poultry farms in Namakkal was carried out in Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory (PDDSL). The diagnosis was made based on history, clinical signs, gross lesions observed during necropsy examination and by using standard microbiological techniques. During the reporting period, 20362 poultry farms were examined and a total of 35069 cases were recorded. The disease prevalence in the year 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 was 9.04%, 12.47 %, 16.19%, 19.03%, 16.38% 8.85%, 8.40% and 9.64% respectively. The disease prevalence was high in the year 2014 (19.03%) and low in the year 2017 (8.40%). Based on Season, the disease prevalence was more in summer (34.69%) when compared to winter (33.59%) and rainy seasons (31.72%). The prevalence of egg peritonitis (12.20%), infectious laryngotracheitis (11.83%), Newcastle disease (9.56%), neoplastic viral diseases (4.34%), and colibacillosis (3.42%) was spread throughout the year. Mycotoxin induced hepatitis (4.97%), coccidiosis (2.33%) and bacterial diseases such as gangrenous dermatitis (2.95%) and necrotic enteritis (2.93%) were prevalent during the winter and rainy seasons. Heat stroke (8.90%) and Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) (2.79%) were noticed with more prevalence during the summer season.
Development of High School Biology Students Worksheets Based on Critical Thinking Skills on the Concept of the Digestive System

One of the problems of life that are happening right now is the problem in education. Three skills need to be improved including 1) the field of cognitive skills, 2) interpersonal skills, and 3) intrapersonal skills. The purpose of this study is to improve the Student Worksheet (LKPD) so that it has effective criteria. The use of LKPD in the learning process is expected to improve students' critical thinking skills. The research method used is the Tessmer design using a small group test. Critical thinking skills refer to Facione 1990 while the structure of LKPD development refers to Daryanto & Dwicahyono. The small group test subjects were six high school class XI students. This research is development research using Tessmer design. The study was conducted for one semester, namely in the 2019-2020 school year. The results showed that the effectiveness of LKPD based on the assessment of students' critical thinking skills in working on LKPD had a category of at least good, interpersonal skills had a very good category, and intrapersonal skills had a very good category. Abstrak Salah satu permasalahan kehidupan yang terjadi saat ini ialah permasalahan pada pendidikan. Terdapat 3 keterampilan yang perlu ditingkatkan diantaranya 1) bidang keterampilan kognitif, 2) keterampilan interpersonal, dan 3) keterampilan intrapersonal. Tujuanudariupenelitian ini ialah memperbaiki Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) sehingga memiliki kriteria efektif. Penggunaan LKPD dalam proses pembelajaran diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu desain Tessmer menggunakan uji kelompok kecil. Keterampilan berpikir kritis mengacu pada Facione 1990 sedangkan struktur pengembangan LKPD mengacu pada Daryanto & Dwicahyono. Subjek uji kelompok kecil adalah 6 orang peserta didik kelas XI jenjang SMA. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan menggunakan desain Tessmer. Penelitian dilakukan selama satu semester yaitu pada tahun ajaran 2019-2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keefektifan LKPD berdasarkan penilaian keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik dalam mengerjakan LKPD memiliki kategori sekurang-kurangnya baik, keterampilan interpersonal memiliki kategori sangat baik, dan keterampilan intrapersonal memiliki kategori sangat baik.
Seismic measurement of the depth of the solar convection zone

The observed frequencies of solar oscillations have been used to determine the depth of the convection zone. The effect of diffusion of helium and heavy elements on this measurement is studied and it is found that the discontinuity in the composition gradient at the base of the CZ due to diffusion gives rise to some systematic errors in this measurement. Taking into account these systematic errors the base of the CZ is estimated to be at a radial distance of (0.713 ± 0_001) R0 . Further, the estimated opacity at the base of the CZ is found to be consistent with that calculated from the OPAL opacity tables using the current value of Z/X. Assuming that the OPAL tables correctly represent the opacity of solar material the surface Z/X is estimated to be 0.0245 ± 0.0008.
Physicochemical and sensory properties of traditional baked cake (kuih baker) with coconut milk and soy milk

Coconut milk is widely used in Malaysia as one of the essential ingredients in preparing traditional baked cake or ‘kuih bakar’. Increased demand for coconut milk affects its availability and cost. Thus, it is important to study a possible alternative ingredient to ensure the continuity of this traditional dessert. This project aimed to determine the physicochemical and sensory properties of ‘kuih bakar’ produced with coconut milk and soy milk. In the present study, ‘kuih bakar’ was prepared with fresh coconut milk (FCM) (positive control), fresh soy milk (FSM), commercial coconut milk (CCM), commercial soy milk (CSM), and without milk (negative control). Proximate analysis showed that substitution of coconut milk with soy milk reduced the fat and increased the protein content of ‘kuih bakar’ significantly (p < 0.05). However, the substitution of coconut milk did not show a significant effect (p > 0.05) on the colour properties and water activity of the sample. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in scores during sensory evaluation between the samples but the ‘kuih bakar’ produced with FSM showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) as compared to FCM and CCM. This study demonstrated that physicochemical and sensory attributes of traditional ‘kuih bakar’ can be maintained by using FSM as a substitution of the traditional coconut milk used in producing ‘kuih bakar’.
Low levels of genetic variability in north American populations of the Wood Stork (Mycteria americana)

The breeding population of Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) in the southeastern United States has declined since the 1930s, resulting in the listing of all United States populations of the species as endangered in 1984. We assessed genetic structure within and among nine colonies of Wood Storks from Georgia and Florida. Levels of band sharing based on multilocus oligonucleotide DNA fingerprinting of individuals from seven colonies ranged from 58% among nests within the same tree to approximately 55% within the same colony. Levels of band sharing were similar to those reported for other populations of birds that have experienced drastic reductions in population size. A more thorough analysis of four polymorphic microsatellite loci for 136 individuals from nine colonies indicated low levels of allelic diversity and low genetic divergence among colonies. Genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.015) was similar to levels detected from allozymes for 15 colonies of Wood Storks in Florida (F ST = 0.019). These data, together with demographic studies of these populations, indicated high levels of gene flow among colonies (N m = 16.4). In agreement with previous studies, we recommend that all colonies of Wood Storks in the southeastern United States be managed on a regional basis as a single interbreeding population. Similar genetic surveys of the disjunct breeding populations of Wood Storks in South America and Central America would be beneficial in understanding the total genetic differentiation in the species.
Anticholinergic and adrenergic activities of a dichloromethane fraction of a crude ethanol extract of stem bark of Piliostigma reticulatum Horscht D.C (Ceasalpiniaceae)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the anticholinergic and adrenergic activities of a dichloromethane fraction of a crude ethanol extract of stem bark of P. reticulatum, on isolated rabbit duodenum contractions. In the first study, the dichloromethane fraction was tested on the isolated rabbit duodenum contractions at increasing concentrations (0.13; 0.26; 0.39 and 0.52 mg/mL) after addition of acetylcholine. In the second study, the dichloromethane fraction was tested on the isolated rabbit duodenum contractions ten minutes after addition of prazosin or propanolol at increasing concentrations (10-4, 10-3 and 10-2 mg/mL). The amplitude and tone induced by acetylcholine were significantly inhibited by the dichloromethane fraction. At a concentration of 0.52 mg/mL, the amplitude induced by the acetylcholine was 0.42±0.05g. The relaxation induced by the dichloromethane fraction was significantly inhibited by prazosin and propanolol as well. At a concentration of 10-2 mg/mL, prazosin and propanolol inhibited the relaxation induced by the dichloromethane fraction at rates of 18.6±2.42 and 17.4±0.7 % respectively. Results showed that the dichloromethane fraction of crude ethanol extract of stem bark of Piliostigma reticulatum exhibited anticholinergic and adrenergic properties that could at least explain and back up its traditional use against diarrhea.
Title Cingulate and thalamic metabolites in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Focal brain metabolic effects detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) represent prospective indices of clinical status and guides to treatment design. Sampling bilateral pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC), anterior middle cingulate cortex (aMCC), and thalamus in 40 adult patients and 16 healthy controls, we examined relationships of the neurometabolites glutamateþglutamine (Glx), creatineþphosphocreatine (Cr), and choline-compounds (Cho) with OCD diagnosis and multiple symptom types. The latter included OC core symptoms (YaleBrown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale – YBOCS), depressive symptoms (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale – MADRS), and general functioning (Global Assessment Scale – GAS). pACC Glx was 9.7% higher in patients than controls. Within patients, Cr and Cho correlated negatively with YBOCS and MADRS, while Cr correlated positively with the GAS. In aMCC, Cr and Cho correlated negatively with MADRS, while Cr in thalamus correlated positively with GAS. These findings present moderate support for glutamatergic and cingulocentric perspectives on OCD. Based on our prior metabolic model of OCD, we offer one possible interpretation of these group and correlational effects as consequences of a corticothalamic state of elevated glutamatergic receptor activity alongside below-normal glutamatergic transporter activity. & 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
DLFinder: Characterizing and Detecting Duplicate Logging Code Smells

Developers rely on software logs for a wide variety of tasks, such as debugging, testing, program comprehension, verification, and performance analysis. Despite the importance of logs, prior studies show that there is no industrial standard on how to write logging statements. Recent research on logs often only considers the appropriateness of a log as an individual item (e.g., one single logging statement); while logs are typically analyzed in tandem. In this paper, we focus on studying duplicate logging statements, which are logging statements that have the same static text message. Such duplications in the text message are potential indications of logging code smells, which may affect developers' understanding of the dynamic view of the system. We manually studied over 3K duplicate logging statements and their surrounding code in four large-scale open source systems: Hadoop, CloudStack, ElasticSearch, and Cassandra. We uncovered five patterns of duplicate logging code smells. For each instance of the code smell, we further manually identify the problematic (i.e., require fixes) and justifiable (i.e., do not require fixes) cases. Then, we contact developers in order to verify our manual study result. We integrated our manual study result and developers' feedback into our automated static analysis tool, DLFinder, which automatically detects problematic duplicate logging code smells. We evaluated DLFinder on the four manually studied systems and two additional systems: Camel and Wicket. In total, combining the results of DLFinder and our manual analysis, we reported 82 problematic code smell instances to developers and all of them have been fixed.
Effect of Paddy Straw plus Non-Forage Fibre Sources Based Complete Feeds Containing Different Levels of Neutral Detergent Fibre on Body Weight and Reproductive Parameters of Lactating Dairy Cows

A study of six months duration was conducted to assess the body weight and reproductive parameters of lactating dairy cows fed on paddy straw plus non-forage fibre sources based complete rations containing different levels of NDF, in two phases, viz., early and mid lactation. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric complete rations, T1, T2 and T3 with 25, 30 and 35 per cent NDF, respectively were formulated as per ICAR-NIANP (2013). Paddy straw was the sole source of roughage NDF, with the rest of NDF being met from non-forage sources, in all the three rations. Eighteen dairy cows yielding approximately 10 kg of milk per day were divided into three groups of six each, and allotted to the three experimental rations. During the first four fortnights of phase I, the cows fed on ration T3 had a significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight than those fed on T1 and T2, while T1 and T2 were similar (P>0.05). From the fifth fortnight onwards till the end of the experiment, the body weight of animals fed on all three rations, were similar (P>0.05), even though it tended to be higher with in cows fed on ration T3, than those fed on T1 and T2. Average period for the first postpartum heat of cows fed on the three rations were similar (P>0.05), even though it was earlier in case of cows fed on the experimental ration T3 than those fed on T1 and T2. A thorough evaluation of the results obtained in the present study, reveal that the animals in all the three dietary treatments performed well, with the complete rations T3 with 35 per cent NDF, showing better performance than and T2 with 30 per cent NDF and T1 with 25 per cent NDF. The cows fed on ration T3 were able to manage negative energy balance better, started gaining weight from the first fortnight onwards and came into heat earlier than the animals fed on rations T1 and T2, indicating that T3 was the best ration. These results suggest that complete rations with 25 to 35 per cent NDF, containing paddy straw as the sole source of roughage NDF, with the rest of NDF being met from non-forage sources, can be recommended for use among early and mid lactation dairy cows, with 35 per cent being the ideal NDF level.
Dryland Corn Production and Water Use Affected by Tillage and Crop Management Intensity

Management strategies to enhance dryland corn (Zea mays L.) production and soil water use are lacking. We evaluated the effect of tillage and crop management intensity on the growth, yield, and water use of dryland corn from 2005 to 2010 in the northern Great Plains. Tillage systems (no-tillage, NT, and conventional tillage, CT) as main-plot and crop management to corn (traditional intensity: conventional seeding rates and reduced wheat, Triticum aestivumL., stubble height; and improved intensity: increased seeding rate for 3 out of 6 yr and wheat stubble height) as split-plot treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Corn plant stand was greater for CT than NT in 3 out of 6 yr and greater for the improved than the traditional intensity in 3 out of 3 yr. Seed number and grain yield were greater for NT than CT in 4 out of 6 yr. Biomass was greater for NT than CT in 1 out of 6 yr and greater for NT than CT in the traditional intensity. Corn plant height, seed weight, and harvest index as well as preplant and postharvest soil water, water use, and water-use efficiency were not influenced by treatments, but varied with years. Corn yield increased for NT compared with CT during years with below-average precipitation due to increased seed number and by reducing seeding rate and wheat stubble height. No-tillage with reduced seeding rate and wheat stubble height can enhance dryland corn production without affecting soil water. Disciplines Agriculture | Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Hydrology | Soil Science Comments This article is published as Lenssen, Andrew W. , Upendra Sainju, Brett L. Allen, Jalal D. Jabro, and William B. Stevens. "Dryland Corn Production and Water Use Affected by Tillage and Crop Management Intensity. " Agronomy Journal 110, no. 6 (2018): 2439-2446. doi: 10.2134/agronj2018.04. 0267. Rights Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/agron_pubs/558