Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
in Mice Lymphopoietin during Contact Sensitization Cells Are Activated by Thymic Stromal Dermal Dendritic lo CD11b lo CD103 lo CD326

The cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is produced by epithelia exposed to the contact sensitizer dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and it is critical for the induction of Th2 immune responses by DBP-FITC. TSLP is thought to act on dendritic cells (DC), but the precise DC subsets involved in the response to TSLP remain to be fully characterized. In this study we show that a subset of CD326 lo CD103 lo CD11b lo dermal DC, which we termed “triple-negative (TN) DC,” is highly responsive to TSLP. In DBP-FITC– treated mice, TN DC upregulated expression of CD86 and rapidly migrated to the draining lymph node to become the most abundant skin-derived DC subset at 24 and 48 h after sensitization. None of these responses was observed in TSLPR-deﬁcient mice. In contrast, TN DC numbers were not increased after treatment with the allergen house dust mite or the bacteria Escherichia coli and bacillus Calmette–Gue ´ rin, which increased other DC subsets. In vivo, treatment with rTSLP preferentially increased the numbers of TN DC in lymph nodes. In vitro, TN DC responded to rTSLP treatment with a higher level of STAT5 phosphorylation compared with other skin-derived DC subsets. The TN DC subset shared the morphology, phenotype, and developmental require-ments of conventional DC, depending on FLT3 expression for their optimal development from bone marrow precursors, and CCR7 for migration to the draining lymph node. Thus, TN DC represent a dermal DC subset that should be considered including treatment with the vitamin D analog MC903 (31). These data further conﬁrm the relationship between TSLP and TN DC activation. We also examined the effect of the allergen HDM and the bacterial species E. coli and BCG on DC subsets in skin, and we show that all of these forms of immunization led to increased numbers of CD11b hi DC in dLN without increasing TN DC. In the conditions used in our experiments, HDM did not elicit TSLP production and did not require TSLPR expression to induce Th2 priming (data not shown) (24). Thus, these results conﬁrm that type 2 immunity can be generated via both TSLP-dependent and -inde-pendent pathways (32), and they suggest that any potential role played by TN DC in the Th2 responses to DBP-FITC may not ex-tend to other models of Th2 induction.
Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) – Effect on Knowledge, Self-Care Behavior, and Self-Ef ﬁ cacy Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ethiopia: A Controlled Clinical Trial Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Purpose: Diabetes patients must be equipped with the necessary knowledge to con ﬁ dently undertake appropriate self-care activities. We prepared a diabetes self-management education (DSME) intervention and assessed how it affected patients ’ self-reported levels of diabetes knowledge, self-care behaviors, and self-ef ﬁ cacy. Patients and methods: A before-and-after, two-group intervention study was conducted at Jimma University Medical Centre among adult patients with type 2 diabetes. At baseline, we randomly assigned 116 participants to the DSME intervention and 104 to a comparison group. Six interactive DSME sessions supported by an illustrative handbook and ﬂ iers, experience-sharing, and take-home activities were administered to the intervention group by two nurses during a six-monthperiod.Diabetesknowledge,self-carebehaviors,andself-ef ﬁ cacyweremeasuredatbaseline and at nine months following the commencement of DSME intervention (endpoint) in both groups. Results: At the endpoint, data from 78 intervention group participants and 64 comparison group participants were included in ﬁ nal analysis. The difference in the mean Diabetes Knowledge Scale scores before and after the DSME intervention was signi ﬁ cantly greater in the intervention group (p = 0.044). The measured self-care behaviors included diet, exercise, glucose self-monitoring, footcare, smoking, alcohol consumption, and khat chewing. The mean number of days per week on which the intervention group participants followed general dietary recommendations increased signi ﬁ cantly at the endpoint (p = 0.027). The intervention group followed speci ﬁ c dietary recommendations (p = 0.019) and performed footcare (p = 0.009) for a signi ﬁ cantly greater number of days. There were no signi ﬁ cant differences within or between the groups in other self-reported diabetes self-care behavior regimens or in diabetes self-ef ﬁ cacy. Conclusion: Our study found signi ﬁ cant improvements in the intervention participants ’ diabetes knowledge scores and in their adherence to dietary and footcare recommendations. This demonstrates that our DSME intervention may be of clinical importance in developing countries such as Ethiopia.
A study of the heavy rainfall over the Ohsumi Peninsula (Japan) caused by Typhoon 9307

On the night of 9 August 1993, Typhoon 9307 passed near the southern part of Japan and caused heavy rainfall and many land-slide disasters across the Ohsumi Peninsula. A notable feature of this event is that the rainfall amount was very large on the lee side of the mountains. The 9-hour rainfall exceeded 150 mm at the greater part of the stations on the lee side, while it was only 80 mm at the station on the windward side. All the land-slide disasters occurred on the lee side. The heavy rainfall was mainly produced between the eyewall and the rainband of the typhoon. Radar echoes showed strong reflectivity over the mountains during the rainfall event. The rainfall increasing process was studied by using a two-dimensional numerical model. The results suggested that the seeder-feeder mechanism contributed to the rainfall enhancement on the lee side. Namely, the precipitating particles from the upper cloud grew over the mountains by accreting cloud water produced by the orographic lifting, and the grown particles were carried to the lee side by the strong wind of the typhoon. In addition, it was also suggested that the downdraft of the mountain wave made an additional contribution to the rainfall enhancement by transporting many ice particles to the lower layer.
dynamic deep F-actin network in

and help enrich actin at presynaptic boutons. Fi-nally, formin inhibition dramatically disrupts synaptic recycling. Collectively, available data suggest a two-tier F-actin organization in axons, with stable “actin rings” providing mechanical support to the plasma membrane and dynamic "actin trails" generating a flexible cytoskeletal network with putative physiological roles.
Long-period variables in NGC 147 and NGC 185 (Lorenz+, 2011)

Context. Previous studies on the stellar content of the two nearby dwarf galaxies NGC 147 and NGC 185 reveal a rich population of late-type giants in both systems, including a large number of carbon-rich objects. These stars are known to show pronounced photometric variability, which can be used for a more detailed characterisation of these highly evolved stars. Owing to their well-studied parameters, these Local Group members are ideal candidates for comparative studies. Aims. Through photometric monitoring, we attempt to provide a catalogue of long-period variables (LPVs), including Mira variables, semi-regular variables, and even irregular variables in NGC 147 and NGC 185. We investigate the light variations and compare the characteristics of these two LPV populations with the results found for other galaxies, such as the LMC. Methods. We carried out time-series photometry in the i-band of the two target galaxies with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), covering a time span of approximate to 2.5 years. More than 30 epochs were available for a period search. These data were then combined with single-epoch K-band photometry, also obtained with the NOT. Narrow-band photometry data from the literature was used to distinguish between O-rich and C-rich stars. Results. We report the detection of 513 LPVs in NGC 185 and 213 LPVs in NGC 147, showing amplitudes Delta i of up to approximate to 2(mag) and periods ranging between 90 and 800 days. The period-luminosity diagram for each of our target galaxies exhibits a well populated sequence of fundamental mode pulsators. The resulting period-luminosity relations we obtained are compared to relations from the literature. We discuss the universality of those relations because of which, as a side result, a correction of the distance modulus of NGC 185 may be necessary. A value of (m - M) = 24. (m)30 seems to be more appropriate to match the observed data. Only one of our two galaxies, namely NGC 185, has a significant fraction of possibly first overtone pulsators. An interpretation of this finding in terms of differences in the star-formation histories is suggested.
Absolute Continuity of Measure Branching Processes with Interaction

We study the state properties of the measure branchiug process over IR with mean field interaction coustructed by Meleard and Roelly (1992, 1993) and Metivier (1987). It is proved that, under natural hypotheses, the process is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure and the density process has a continuous version which satisfies a stochastic partial differential equation.
Computing sparse integer-constrained cones for conformal parameterizations

We propose a novel method to generate sparse integer-constrained cone singularities with low distortion constraints for conformal parameterizations. Inspired by [Fang et al. 2021; Soliman et al. 2018], the cone computation is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where the objective is the number of cones measured by the ℓ0-norm of Gaussian curvature of vertices, and the constraint is to restrict the cone angles to be multiples of π/2 and control the distortion while ensuring that the Yamabe equation holds. Besides, the holonomy angles for the non-contractible homology loops are additionally required to be multiples of π/2 for achieving rotationally seamless conformal parameterizations. The Douglas-Rachford (DR) splitting algorithm is used to solve this challenging optimization problem, and our success relies on two key components. First, replacing each integer constraint with the intersection of a box set and a sphere enables us to manage the subproblems in DR splitting update steps in the continuous domain. Second, a novel solver is developed to optimize the ℓ0-norm without any approximation. We demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of our algorithm on a data set containing 3885 models. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our method achieves a better tradeoff between the number of cones and the parameterization distortion.
A general two-stage initialization for sag-free deformable simulations

Initializing simulations of deformable objects involves setting the rest state of all internal forces at the rest shape of the object. However, often times the rest shape is not explicitly provided. In its absence, it is common to initialize by treating the given initial shape as the rest shape. This leads to sagging, the undesirable deformation under gravity as soon as the simulation begins. Prior solutions to sagging are limited to specific simulation systems and material models, most of them cannot handle frictional contact, and they require solving expensive global nonlinear optimization problems. We introduce a novel solution to the sagging problem that can be applied to a variety of simulation systems and materials. The key feature of our approach is that we avoid solving a global nonlinear optimization problem by performing the initialization in two stages. First, we use a global linear optimization for static equilibrium. Any nonlinearity of the material definition is handled in the local stage, which solves many small local problems efficiently and in parallel. Notably, our method can properly handle frictional contact orders of magnitude faster than prior work. We show that our approach can be applied to various simulation systems by presenting examples with mass-spring systems, cloth simulations, the finite element method, the material point method, and position-based dynamics.
The power particle-in-cell method

This paper introduces a new weighting scheme for particle-grid transfers that generates hybrid Lagrangian/Eulerian fluid simulations with uniform particle distributions and precise volume control. At its core, our approach reformulates the construction of Power Particles [de Goes et al. 2015] by computing volume-constrained density kernels. We employ these optimized kernels as particle domains within the Generalized Interpolation Material Point method (GIMP) in order to incorporate Power Particles into the Particle-In-Cell framework, hence the name the Power Particle-In-Cell method. We address the construction of volume-constrained density kernels as a regularized optimal transportation problem and describe an iterative solver based on localized Gaussian convolutions that leads to a significant performance speedup compared to [de Goes et al. 2015]. We also present novel extensions for handling free surfaces and solid obstacles that bypass the need for cell clipping and ghost particles. We demonstrate the advantages of our transfer weights by improving hybrid schemes for fluid simulation such as the Fluid Implicit Particle (FLIP) method and the Affine Particle-In-Cell (APIC) method with volume preservation and robustness to varying particle-per-cell ratio, while retaining low numerical dissipation, conserving linear and angular momenta, and avoiding particle reseeding or post-process relaxations.
Contact-centric deformation learning

We propose a novel method to machine-learn highly detailed, nonlinear contact deformations for real-time dynamic simulation. We depart from previous deformation-learning strategies, and model contact deformations in a contact-centric manner. This strategy shows excellent generalization with respect to the object's configuration space, and it allows for simple and accurate learning. We complement the contact-centric learning strategy with two additional key ingredients: learning a continuous vector field of contact deformations, instead of a discrete approximation; and sparsifying the mapping between the contact configuration and contact deformations. These two ingredients further contribute to the accuracy, efficiency, and generalization of the method. We integrate our learning-based contact deformation model with subspace dynamics, showing real-time dynamic simulations with fine contact deformation detail.
Aδ

Over the last decade, automatic differentiation (AD) has profoundly impacted graphics and vision applications --- both broadly via deep learning and specifically for inverse rendering. Traditional AD methods ignore gradients at discontinuities, instead treating functions as continuous. Rendering algorithms intrinsically rely on discontinuities, crucial at object silhouettes and in general for any branching operation. Researchers have proposed fully-automatic differentiation approaches for handling discontinuities by restricting to affine functions, or semi-automatic processes restricted either to invertible functions or to specialized applications like vector graphics. This paper describes a compiler-based approach to extend reverse mode AD so as to accept arbitrary programs involving discontinuities. Our novel gradient rules generalize differentiation to work correctly, assuming there is a single discontinuity in a local neighborhood, by approximating the prefiltered gradient over a box kernel oriented along a 1D sampling axis. We describe when such approximation rules are first-order correct, and show that this correctness criterion applies to a relatively broad class of functions. Moreover, we show that the method is effective in practice for arbitrary programs, including features for which we cannot prove correctness. We evaluate this approach on procedural shader programs, where the task is to optimize unknown parameters in order to match a target image, and our method outperforms baselines in terms of both convergence and efficiency. Our compiler outputs gradient programs in TensorFlow, PyTorch (for quick prototypes) and Halide with an optional auto-scheduler (for efficiency). The compiler also outputs GLSL that renders the target image, allowing users to interactively modify and animate the shader, which would otherwise be cumbersome in other representations such as triangle meshes or vector art.
Penetration-free projective dynamics on the GPU

We present a GPU algorithm for deformable simulation. Our method offers good computational efficiency and penetration-free guarantee at the same time, which are not common with existing techniques. The main idea is an algorithmic integration of projective dynamics (PD) and incremental potential contact (IPC). PD is a position-based simulation framework, favored for its robust convergence and convenient implementation. We show that PD can be employed to handle the variational optimization with the interior point method e.g., IPC. While conceptually straightforward, this requires a dedicated rework over the collision resolution and the iteration modality to avoid incorrect collision projection with improved numerical convergence. IPC exploits a barrier-based formulation, which yields an infinitely large penalty when the constraint is on the verge of being violated. This mechanism guarantees intersection-free trajectories of deformable bodies during the simulation, as long as they are apart at the rest configuration. On the downside, IPC brings a large amount of nonlinearity to the system, making PD slower to converge. To mitigate this issue, we propose a novel GPU algorithm named A-Jacobi for faster linear solve at the global step of PD. A-Jacobi is based on Jacobi iteration, but it better harvests the computation capacity on modern GPUs by lumping several Jacobi steps into a single iteration. In addition, we also re-design the CCD root finding procedure by using a new minimum-gradient Newton algorithm. Those saved time budgets allow more iterations to accommodate stiff IPC barriers so that the result is both realistic and collision-free. Putting together, our algorithm simulates complicated models of both solids and shells on the GPU at an interactive rate or even in real time.
Energetically consistent inelasticity for optimization time integration

In this paper, we propose Energetically Consistent Inelasticity (ECI), a new formulation for modeling and discretizing finite strain elastoplasticity/viscoelasticity in a way that is compatible with optimization-based time integrators. We provide an in-depth analysis for allowing plasticity to be implicitly integrated through an augmented strain energy density function. We develop ECI on the associative von-Mises J2 plasticity, the non-associative Drucker-Prager plasticity, and the finite strain viscoelasticity. We demonstrate the resulting scheme on both the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Material Point Method (MPM). Combined with a custom Newton-type optimization integration scheme, our method enables simulating stiff and large-deformation inelastic dynamics of metal, sand, snow, and foam with larger time steps, improved stability, higher efficiency, and better accuracy than existing approaches.
Clustered vector textures

Repetitive vector patterns are common in a variety of applications but can be challenging and tedious to create. Existing automatic synthesis methods target relatively simple, unstructured patterns such as discrete elements and continuous Bézier curves. This paper proposes an algorithm for generating vector patterns with diverse shapes and structured local interactions via a sample-based representation. Our main idea is adding explicit clustering as part of neighborhood similarity and iterative sample optimization for more robust sample synthesis and pattern reconstruction. The results indicate that our method can outperform existing methods on synthesizing a variety of structured vector textures. Our project page is available at https://phtu-cs.github. io/cvt-sig22/.
Effect of prior consumption of carbohydrate on the glycaemia and performance

Bases and Objective: Nutrition is an important tool for the sport practice. Among the nutrients, the carbohydrates are one of the most important. In that way the aim of this study was analyze the influence of glycaemic response on performance of healthy subjects, after intake of different carbohydrate solutions. Methods: Ten healthy male subjects, 23 ± 2.1 years old, were asked to answer a three days nutritional and physical activity recordatory. Anthropometric data were collected and a progressive test in cycle ergometer was performed to measure the maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory thresholds. Each subject performed three submaximal tests at the intensity of second ventilatory threshold. Thirty minutes before each submaximal test, 250 ml of each drink: maltodextrin (Malto), glucose (Glicose) plus sport drink or dietetic juice (Placebo) was ingested. Venous blood was collected to determine the glycaemic index and lactate. Results and Conclusion: There was a significant increase after 30 minutes when the subjects ingested maltodextrin solution (87.4 ± 11.2 to 116.9 ± 19.6 ml.dl -1). After 15 minutes of exercise, there was a decrease in the glycaemia after the consumption of Malto (116.9 ± 19.6 to 77.6 ± 14.5 ml.dl -1) and Glicose (113.2 ± 23.5 to 81.8 ± 13.1 ml.dl -1) plus sport drink solutions when compared with Placebo solution. The glucose plus sport drink solution induced a significant increase in the heart rate during exercise (167.7 ± 14.2 and 177.1 ± 10.4 bpm). The consumption of different carbohydrate solutions with high glycaemic index before exercise was not capable to change the performance of the volunteers. However it induced changes in the glycaemia and heart rate during exercise. Thus the oscillations on glycaemia during exercise may affect negatively the long distance performance, this fact was not verified in our study.
Spectral Analysis for Linear PencilsN ?P of Ordinary Differential Operators

Boundary eigenvalue problems for linear pencils N — λ of two ordinary differential operators are studied where P is of lower order than N. In a suitable scale of subspaces of Sobolev spaces and spaces of continuously differentiable functions results on minimality and basis properties of the eigenfunctions and associated functions are proved, including explicit formulas for the Fourier coefficients. As an application the Orr - Sommerfeld equation is considered.
Training Flight Accidents: An Explorative Analysis of Influencing Factors and Accident Severity

Civil aviation is broadly categorized into two sectors: air transportation and general aviation. While the former sector is considered to be ultrasafe the latter requires a stronger focus on safety improvement. There has been considerable research examining the causes of general aviation accidents with a view to improving safety. However, there has been very limited research specifically focused on accidents involving training flights and associated causal factors. A total of 293 training flight accident reports, comprising 111 fatal and 182 nonfatal accidents were reviewed and analyzed to identify causes of training-flight accidents. The study found that based on the odds ratio, if a fatal accident involving training flights occurred it was 4.05 times more likely to be a dual training flight. Other findings included that most accidents occurred during the landing phase and the majority of accidents related to skill deficiency (e.g., an improper/inadequate flare). This was a major causal factor in nonfatal accidents in both dual and solo training flights. However, on dual training flights there were more fatal accidents involving decision deficiencies and mechanical malfunctions (e.g., loss of engine power). A previous study suggested that lack of supervision of student pilots by flight instructors was found to be a main causal factor and thus flight instructor training and recurrency requirements need to be reviewed.