Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Management of Acromioclavicular Dislocation: Current Perspectives

: Injuries to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint are common and mostly involve younger, male individuals. Whereas the majority of AC joint dislocations can be treated nonoperatively with a trial of immobilization, pain medication, cryotherapy, and physiother-apy, there are patients that do not respond well to conservative management and may require surgical treatment. Identifying and treating these patients according to the type and chronicity of AC joint dislocation is paramount. To date, a myriad of surgical techniques have been proposed to address unstable AC joint dislocations and are indicative of the uncertainty that exists in optimal management of these injuries. Historically research has focused on the restoration of the coracoclavicular ligament complex. However, recently the importance of the acromioclavicular capsule and ligaments has been emphasized. This review aims to provide the reader with an overview of current treatment strategies and research, as well as future perspectives.
Investigating the applicability of Software Metrics and Technical Debt on X++ Abstract Syntax Tree in XML format

This thesis investigates how XML representation of X++ abstract syntax trees (AST) residing in an XML database can be subject to static code analysis. Microsoft Dynamics 365 for Finance & Operations comprises a large and complex corpus of X++ source code and intuitive ways of visualizing and analysing the state of the code base in terms of software metrics and technical debt are non-existent. A solution is to extend an internal web application and semantic search tool called SocrateX, to calculate software metrics and technical debt. This is done by creating a web service to construct XQuery and XPath code to be queried to the XML database. The values are stored in a relational database and imported to Power BI for intuitive visualization. Software metrics have been chosen based on the amount of previous research and compatibility with the X++ AST, whereas technical debt has been estimated using the SQALE method. This thesis concludes that XML representations of X++ abstract syntax trees are viable candidates for measuring quality of source codes with the use of functional query programming languages.
Interaction of the Vp3 Nuclear Localization Signal with the Importin (cid:2) 2/ (cid:3) Heterodimer Directs Nuclear Entry of Infecting Simian Virus 40

For nuclear entry of large nucleoprotein complexes, it is thought that one key nuclear localization signal (NLS) of a protein component becomes exposed to mediate importin recognition. We show that the nuclear entry of simian virus 40 involves a dynamic interplay between two distinct interiorly situated capsid NLSs, the Vp1 NLS and the Vp3 NLS, and the selective exposure and importin recognition of the Vp3 NLS. The Vp3 NLS-null mutants assembled normally into virion-like particles (VLP) in mutant DNA-transfected cells. When used to infect a new host, the null VLP entered the cell normally but was impaired in viral DNA nuclear entry due to a lack of recognition by the importin (cid:1) 2/ (cid:2) heterodimer, leading to reduced viability. Both Vp3 and Vp1 NLSs directed importin interaction in vitro, but the Vp1 NLS, which overlaps the Vp1 DNA binding domain, did not bind importins in the presence of DNA. The results suggest that certain canonical NLSs within a nucleoprotein complex, such as the Vp1 NLS, can be masked from functioning by binding to the nucleic acid component and that the availability of an NLS that is not masked and can become exposed for
The salary of PhD holders inside and outside academia: something to be satisfied with?

Do PhD holders earn more than employees with a master's degree? That is the question many potential PhD candidates ask themselves and to which we formulated an initial answer in ECOOM brief 9. Based on the data of the Labour Force Survey for Belgium, we found that PhD holders earned 490 euros more net per month than those with a masters’ degree. We also found significant gender differences: the pay slip of male PhD holders indicated a net salary of 586 euro/month more than that of female PhD holders. This gender difference is greater for PhD holders than for employees with a master's degree. This study took into account various characteristics of the labour market position of the employees, including professional category, seniority, supervision responsibility, sector, working hours, (unpaid) overtime and type of contract (see ECOOM brief 9). Research based on the survey "Career of Doctorate Holders" also provides evidence that male PhD holders earn more gross than female PhD holders (Boosten, Vandevelde, Derycke, in Kaat, Van Rossem, 2014).
causes of patient anxiety at induction of a

Aim . To investigate anxiety at anaesthetic induction and whether this is affected by anaesthetic room interventions. Methods . A mixed methods study was carried out; pre-induction interventions were directly observed. Anxiety was assessed quantitatively with cardiovascular changes, the visual analogue scale and the state-trait anxiety inventory. Interviews allowed qualitative assessment. Results . Patient-reported anxiety did not correlate with cardiovascular changes. Anaesthetic room interventions were not predictive of anxiety. Postoperative interviews identified five sources of anxiety, mostly related to preparation for surgery. Staff responses to anxiety were also highlighted. Our data suggests staff are good More sources anxiety.
Epidemiologic and Biologic Characterization of a Cohort of Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Highly Exposed, Persistently Seronegative Female Sex Workers in Northern Thailand

Characterization of persons highly exposed to human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV)-1 who remain uninfected may help deﬁne protective immunity. Seventeen HIV-1–seronegative Thai female sex workers (CSWs) with epidemiologic evidence of exposure to HIV-1 were studied for humoral immune responses and phenotypic and genotypic analyses of HLA class I and CCR5 allelic proﬁles. Infected CSWs and low-risk HIV-1–seronegative Thai women were controls. Highly exposed, persistently seronegative (HEPS) CSWs did not differ from HIV-infected CSWs in HIV risks, condom use, or sexually transmitted diseases. Signiﬁcant differences were seen in humoral immune responses: gp160-speciﬁc IgA responses were detected in cervicovaginal lavage ﬂuids in 6 of 13 HEPS CSWs but 0 of 21 seronegative subjects. All women had wild-type CCR5. HEPS CSWs were more likely to have the HLA-B18 phenotype and genotype than were matched controls (corrected ). Epidemiologic exposure to
N ATURAL R ESOURCES AND I NSTITUTIONAL D EVELOPMENT

Recent work on the resource curse argues that the effect of resource wealth on development outcomes is a conditional one: resource dependent countries with low quality institutions are vulnerable to a resource curse, while resource dependent countries with high quality institutions are not. But extant models neglect the ways in which the inﬂow of resource revenue impacts the institutional environment itself. In this paper, I present a formal model to show that where domestic institutions do not limit state leaders’ discretion over policy prior to becoming ﬁscally reliant on resources , those leaders have little incentive in the wake of resource windfalls to establish institutional mechanisms that limit their discretion. Importantly, this shows that simple calls for domestic institutional reform are unlikely to be effective. Among other things, future prescriptions to mitigate the resource curse must focus on decreasing rulers’ ﬁscal reliance on resources.
Expression and Function of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 and Its Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2B, in Bovine Follicles 1

Some fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) affect ovarian follicle cell growth and/or differentiation. Whereas many FGFs activate several FGF receptors, FGF7 and FGF10 primarily activate only one, FGFR2B. As FGF7 is produced by bovine theca cells and acts on granulosa cells, we tested the hypothesis that FGF10 may also play a role in folliculogenesis in cattle. Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the presence of FGF10 mRNA in the oocytes and theca cells of the antral follicles, as well as in the preantral follicles. FGF10 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in the oocytes of the preantral and antral follicles, and in the granulosa and theca cells of the antral follicles. FGF10 expression in theca cells changed during follicle development; mRNA abundance decreased with increasing follicular estradiol concentration in healthy follicles, and was lowest in highly atretic follicles. Culturing of granulosa cells in serum-free medium revealed FSH regulation of FGF10 receptor expression. The addition of FGF10 to cultured granulosa cells decreased the level of estradiol but did not alter cell proliferation. These data support a role for FGF10 in signaling to granulosa cells from theca cells and/or the oocyte.
Synthesis and evaluation of the new estrogen receptor β selective radioligand 18 F-FHNP: comparison with 18 F-FES

Estrogen receptors (ER) are targets for endocrine treatment of estrogen-dependent cancers. The ER consists of 2 isoforms, ERα and ER  , which have distinct biological functions. While activation of ERα stimulates cell proliferation and cell survival, ER  promotes apoptosis. Positron emission tomography (PET) of ERα and ER  levels could provide more insight in response to hormonal treatment. 16α- 18 F-Fluoro-17β-estradiol ( 18 F-FES) is a PET tracer for ER with relative selectivity for ERα. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of a potential ER  -selective PET tracer: 2- 18 F-fluoro-6-(6-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)pyridin-3-ol ( 18 F-FHNP). Methods: 18 F-FHNP was synthesized by fluorination of the corresponding nitro precursor, followed by acidic removal of the 2-methoxyethoxymethyl protecting group. In-vitro affinity of 18 F-FHNP and 18 F-FES for ER was evaluated in SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cell. PET imaging and ex-vivo biodistribution studies with 18 F-FHNP and 18 F-FES were conducted in athymic nude mice bearing a SKOV3 xenograft. Results: FHNP has nanomolar afffinty for ERs, with a 3.5 times higher affinity for ER  . 18 F-FHNP was obtained in 15-40% radiochemical yield (decay-corrected) with a specific activity of 279  75 GBq/µmol. 18 F-FHNP had a K D of 2 nM and B max of 18 fmol/10 6 cells, while 18 F-FES had a K D of 3 nM and B max 83 fmol/10 6 SKOV3 cells. Both 18 F-FHNP and 18 F-FES PET could clearly visualize the tumor in male mice bearing a SKOV3 xenograft. Biodistribution studies showed similar distribution of 18 F-FHNP and 18 F-FES in most peripheral organs. 18 F-FES showed 2-fold higher tumor uptake than 18 F-FHNP. The tumor-to-plasma ratio of 18 F-FES decreased 55% (p=0.024) and 8% (p=0.68) when administered in the presence of estradiol (non-selective) and genistein (ER  -selective), respectively. The tumor-to-plasma ratio of 18 F-FHNP decreased 47% (p=0.004) and 70% (p=0.0009) when administered with PET tracer 18 F-FHNP has suitable properties for imaging and shows relative selectivity for ER  the visualization of the antibody/enzyme complex. The counterstaining was at 37°C. Since our preliminary cellular uptake studies of 18F-FHNP indicated that its uptake did not increase further at incubation times longer than 10 min (data not shown) further studies were performed with 10 minutes incubation time. Thus, for the competitive studies, 50 µL (1MBq) of 18F-FHNP or 18F-FES solution was added in the absence or presence of different concentrations of estradiol (ER β and ER α agonist), genistein (ER β partial agonist) or fulvestrant (ER α antagonist) to SKOV3 cells and incubated for 10 min at 37°C. Afterwards the medium was discarded and the cells were washed with cold PBS, harvested with trypsin and resuspended in DMEM. The cell suspensions were collected from each well and the radioactivity was measured using a gamma counter. The number of viable cells was determined with the trypan blue exclusion technique .
Minireview Control of bioﬁlm formation and colonization in Vibrio ﬁscheri : a role for partner switching?

Summary Bacteria employ a variety of mechanisms to promote and control colonization of their respective hosts, including restricting the expression of genes necessary for colonization to distinct situations (i.e. encounter with a prospective host). In the symbiosis between the marine bacterium Vibrio ﬁscheri and its host squid, Euprymna scolopes , colonization pro-ceeds via a transient bioﬁlm formed by the bacterium. The production of this bacterial bioﬁlm depends on a complex regulatory network that controls transcription of the symbiosis polysaccharide ( syp ) gene locus. In addition to this transcriptional control, bioﬁlm formation is regulated by two proteins, SypA and SypE, which may function in an unusual regulatory mechanism known as partner switching. Best characterized in Bacillus subtilis and other Gram-positive bacteria, partner switching is a signalling mechanism that provides dynamic regulatory control over bacterial gene expression. The involvement of putative partner-switching components within V. ﬁscheri suggests that tight regulatory control over bioﬁlm formation may be important for the lifestyle of this organism.
Prevalence and Signiﬁcance of Naturally Occurring Mutations in the Surface and Polymerase Genes of Hepatitis B Virus

The prevalence and clinical signiﬁcance of naturally occurring mutations in the full-length surface and overlapping polymerase genes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were analyzed in 42 patients with chronic hepatitis. Mutations were observed in 10 patients (24%) in the a determinant region, which is the neutralizing epitope within the major hydrophilic region of the surface gene. A high proportion of these mutations (17/18; 94%) occurred in the ﬁrst loop, unlike mutations induced by immunization. The presence of serum antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen was signiﬁcantly associated with these mutations. No other region of the surface gene contained any cluster of mutations. These results suggest that escape mutations commonly contribute to persistency in the natural course of HBV infection. In contrast, mutations affecting the major catalytic domains of the polymerase gene, which could alter susceptibility to antiviral nucleoside analogues, were not detected at all. anti-HBe, HBeAg and anti-HBe. HBsAg, 11 anti-HBs. HB vaccination or therapy with hyperimmune globulin or nucleoside
3 (cid:57) -End-Forming Signals of Yeast mRNA

It was previously shown that three distinct but interdependent elements are required for 3 (cid:42) end formation of mRNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae : (i) the efﬁciency element TATATA and related sequences, which function by enhancing the efﬁciency of positioning elements; (ii) positioning elements, such as TTAAGAAC and AAGAA, which position the poly(A) site; and (iii) the actual site of polyadenylation. In this study, we have shown that several A-rich sequences, including the vertebrate poly(A) signal AATAAA, are also positioning elements. Saturated mutagenesis revealed that optimum sequences of the positioning element were AATAAA and AAAAAA and that this element can tolerate various extents of replacements. However, the GATAAA sequence was completely ineffective. The major cleavage sites determined in vitro corresponded to the major poly(A) sites observed in vivo. Our ﬁndings support the assumption that some components of the basic polyadenylation machinery could have been conserved among yeasts, plants, and mammals, although 3 (cid:42) end formation in yeasts is clearly distinct from that of higher eukaryotes. as described by Butler and Platt (4), with minor modiﬁcations. Brieﬂy, components of the 10- (cid:109) l reaction mixture were mixed at room temperature and incubated at 30 (cid:56) C for 1 h. To suppress polyadenylation, the reaction mixture contained 2 mM CTP instead of ATP as the energy source. Reactions were stopped by adding 2 (cid:109) l of stop solution, and then 25 (cid:109) l of ethanol was added to precipitate RNA. The cleavage products were then separated on an 8% polyacrylamide sequencing gel and visualized by autoradiography at (cid:50) 70 (cid:56) C for 24 h.
Measurement of gross photosynthesis, respiration in the light, and 1 mesophyll conductance using H 218 O labeling 2

H 218 O labeling and IRMS can be used to measure gross photosynthesis, mesophyll conductance and respiratory uptake in the light in leaflets exposed Abstract 43 A fundamental challenge in plant physiology is independently determining the rates of gross 44 O 2 production by photosynthesis and O 2 consumption by respiration, photorespiration, and other 45 processes. Previous studies on isolated chloroplasts or leaves have separately constrained net and 46 gross O 2 production (NOP and GOP, respectively) by labeling ambient O 2 with 18 O while leaf 47 water was unlabeled. Here, we describe a method to accurately measure GOP and NOP of whole 48 detached leaves in a cuvette as a routine gas exchange measurement. The petiole is immersed in 49 water enriched to a  18 O of ~9,000‰, and leaf water is labeled through the transpiration stream. 50 Photosynthesis transfers 18 O from H 2 O to O 2 . GOP is calculated from the increase in  18 O of O 2 51 as air passes through the cuvette. NOP is determined from the increase in O 2 /N 2 . Both terms are 52 measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. CO 2 assimilation and other standard gas exchange 53 parameters are also measured. Reproducible measurements are made on a single leaf for more 54 than 15 hours. We used this method to measure the light response curve of NOP and GOP in 55 Phaseolus vulgaris at 21% and 2% O 2 . We then used these data to examine the O 2 /CO 2 ratio of 56 net photosynthesis, the light response curve of mesophyll conductance, and the apparent 57 inhibition of respiration in the light (Kok effect) at both oxygen levels. The results are discussed 58 in the context of evaluating the technique as a tool to study and understand leaf physiological
Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban Compared with Warfarin at Different Levels of Predicted INR Control for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation

: Background —In the ARISTOTLE trial apixaban compared with warfarin, reduced stroke and systemic embolism, major bleeding, and mortality. We evaluated treatment effects in relation to two predictions of time in therapeutic range (TTR). Methods and Results —The trial randomized 18,201 patients with atrial fibrillation to apixaban 5 mg twice daily or warfarin for at least 12 months. For each patient a center average TTR (cTTR) was estimated using a linear mixed model based on the real TTRs in its warfarin treated patients with a fixed effect for country and random effect for center. For each patient also an individual TTR (iTTR) was predicted using a linear mixed effects model including also patient characteristics. Median cTTR was 66% (interquartile limits 61% and 71%). Rates of stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding and mortality were consistently lower with apixaban than warfarin across cTTR and iTTR quartiles. In the lowest and highest cTTR quartiles, hazard ratios (HR) for stroke or systemic embolism were respectively 0.73 (95% CI 0.53 – 1.00) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.57 - 1.35) (p interaction = 0.078), for mortality 0.91 (95% CI 0.74 – 1.13) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.71 – 1.16) (p interaction = 0.34) and for major bleeding 0.50 (95% CI 0.36 - 0.70) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.58 - 0.97) (p interaction = 0.095), respectively. Similar results were seen for quartiles of iTTR. Conclusions —The benefits of apixaban compared with warfarin on stroke or systemic embolism, bleeding and mortality appear similar across the range of center and patient predicted quality of INR control. Clinical Trial
Inﬂuences of Glycosylation on Antigenicity, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efﬁcacy of Ebola Virus GP DNA Vaccines (cid:1)

The Ebola virus (EBOV) envelope glycoprotein (GP) is the primary target of protective immunity. Mature GP consists of two disulﬁde-linked subunits, GP1 and membrane-bound GP2. GP is highly glycosylated with both N- and O-linked carbohydrates. We measured the inﬂuences of GP glycosylation on antigenicity, immu- nogenicity, and protection by testing DNA vaccines comprised of GP genes with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites or with deletions in the central hypervariable mucin region. We showed that mutation of one of the two N-linked GP2 glycosylation sites was highly detrimental to the antigenicity and immunogenicity of GP. Our data indicate that this is likely due to the inability of GP2 and GP1 to dimerize at the cell surface and suggest that glycosylation at this site is required for achieving the conformational integrity of GP2 and GP1. In contrast, mutation of two N-linked sites on GP1, which ﬂank previously deﬁned protective antibody epitopes on GP, may enhance immunogenicity, possibly by unmasking epitopes. We further showed that although deleting the mucin region apparently had no effect on antigenicity in vitro, it negatively impacted the elicitation of protective immunity in mice. In addition, we conﬁrmed the presence of previously identiﬁed B-cell and T-cell epitopes in GP but show that when analyzed individually none of them were neither absolutely required nor sufﬁcient for protective immunity to EBOV. Finally, we identiﬁed other potential regions of GP that may contain relevant antibody or T-cell epitopes.
Cross section and longitudinal single-spin asymmetry A L for forward W (cid:2) → μ (cid:2) ν production in polarized p + p collisions at ﬃﬃ s p = 510 GeV

We have measured the cross section and single-spin asymmetries from forward W (cid:2) → μ (cid:2) ν production in longitudinally polarized p þ p collisions at ﬃﬃﬃ s p ¼ 510 GeV using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The cross sections are consistent with previous measurements at this collision energy, while the most forward and backward longitudinal single spin asymmetries provide new insights into the sea quark helicities in the proton. The charge of the W bosons provides a natural flavor separation of the participating partons.
Wall‐eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia: review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and management

Wall‐eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) is an uncommon disorder of ocular motility that possesses a unique spectrum of clinical findings, consisting of primary gaze exotropia, adduction impairment and nystagmus of the abducting eye. WEBINO is a variant of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) sharing similar pathophysiology and aetiologies. Much of the literature published on internuclear ophthalmoplegia and its variants focuses on aetiology and pathophysiology, whereas there has been less information addressing prognosis and management. This review will provide current perspectives on the pathogenesis, prognosis and management of WEBINO syndrome.