Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tomographic Experiments for Defining the 3D Velocity Model of an Unstable Rock Slope to Support Microseismic Event Interpretation

To monitor the stability of a mountain slope in northern Italy, microseismic monitoring technique has been used since 2013. Locating microseismic events is a basic step of this technique. We performed a seismic tomographic survey on the mountain surface above the rock face to obtain a reliable velocity distribution in the rock mass for the localization procedure. Seismic travel-time inversion showed high heterogeneity of the rock mass with strong contrast in velocity distribution. Low velocities were found at shallow depth on the top of the rock cliff and intermediate velocities were observed in the most critical area of the rock face corresponding to a partially detached pillar. Using the 3D velocity model obtained from inversion, localization tests were performed based on the Equal Differential Time (EDT) localization method. The results showed hypocenter misfits to be around 15 m for the five geophones of the microseismic network and the error was significantly decreased compared to the results produced by a constant velocity model. Although the localization errors are relatively large, the accuracy is sufficient to distinguish microseismic events occurring in the most critical zone of the monitored rock mass from microseismic events generated far away. Thus, the 3D velocity model will be used in future studies to improve the classification of the recorded events.
Separability Idempotents and Multiplier Algebras

Consider two non-degenerate algebras B and C over the complex numbers. We study a certain class of idempotent elements E in the multiplier algebra M(B ⊗ C), called separability idempotents. The conditions imply the existence of anti-isomorphisms S : B → C and S ′ : C → B satisfying
Simulated gambling consumption mediation model (SGCMM): disentangling convergence with parallel mediation models

ABSTRACT Simulated Internet gambling (SG) raises concerns, especially with regard to adolescents, because it may facilitate monetary gambling or problem gambling (PG). Only scarce research examined mechanisms via which SG prospectively impacts gambling onset or PG. The study fills this gap by using longitudinal survey-data (12 months; N = 1,178 pupils from Northern Germany; M = 13.6 years; 47.5% male). Parallel mediation models in different types of SG (via video games, apps, social networks, demo games) were applied to disaggregate bivariate associations of last year participation at the first stage of the survey with two outcomes: (1) PG, (2) gambling onset, both after 12 months. Mediating effects via patterns of consumption, cognition or other problematic online behaviors were examined. Both outcomes were impacted by different types of SG via quite different mechanisms: SG impacted PG mostly via indirect effects of gambling depth (maximum gambling frequency), irrational cognitions, and problematic Internet gaming (problematic Internet use revealed to be a PG decreasing mechanism). Onset was impacted via increased perception of advertising (only for SG in video games and social networks). Prospective parallel mediation models reveal relevant etiological pathways of SG on PG or gambling onset in a more exhaustive way than prior research.
Design‐based strategies for sampling spatial units from regular grids with applications to forest surveys, land use, and land cover estimation

The purpose of this paper is to compare some spatial strategies for sampling polygons onto a grid partitioning a study area. Most of the schemes considered in the paper are aimed at avoiding the selection of neighboring polygons. When one or more auxiliary variables are similar or well correlated with the values of the survey variable, the auxiliary information is adopted at estimation level by means of the difference or the regression estimators, or at design level, using the values of auxiliary variables to determine the inclusion probabilities. Applications to large‐scale forest inventories, land use estimation, and forest cover estimation are discussed. A simulation study is performed to compare the adopted strategies in terms of bias (if present), accuracy, and accuracy estimation. The simulation is designed to mimic forest inventories and forest cover estimation, starting from some real situations. An application to plan future surveys for land use estimation in Italy is reported. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Liveness Assessment for a Class of States in Open , Irreversible , Dynamically Routed , Zone-Controlled Guidepath-based Transport Systems

Open, irreversible, dynamically routed, zonecontrolled guidepath-based transport systems model the operation of many automated unit-load material handling systems that are used in various production and distribution facilities. An important requirement for these systems is to preserve the system liveness – i.e., the ability of each system agent to reach any location of the underlying guidepath network – by blocking those traffic states that will result in deadlock and/or livelock. The remaining set of traffic states are characterized as “live”. The worst-case computational complexity of the decision problem of assessing the state liveness in the considered class of transport systems is an open issue. In the main part of this work, we identify a significant subclass of these traffic states for which the corresponding problem of liveness assessment admits a polynomial solution, and we present the relevant algorithm for this assessment. But the development of this algorithm has also led to a new methodological framework for representing and analyzing the qualitative dynamics of the considered transport systems with respect to the reachability and the liveness problems that are the focus of this work. This framework can enable efficient (but maybe not polynomial-complexity) resolution of the state liveness even for those traffic states that do not belong in the primary state class that is considered in this work; we briefly highlight this possibility in the closing part of the paper.
The Stock Market and Macroeconomic Variables in a BRICS Country and Policy Implications

This paper examines the effects of selected macroeconomic variables on the stock market index in South Africa. The exponential GARCH (Nelson, 1991) model is applied. It finds that South Africa’s stock market index is positively influenced by the growth rate of real GDP, the ratio of the money supply to GDP and the U.S. stock market index and negatively affected by the ratio of the government deficit to GDP, the domestic real interest rate, the nominal effective exchange rate, the domestic inflation rate, and the U.S. government bond yield. Therefore, to maintain a robust stock market, the authorities are expected to pursue economic growth, fiscal prudence, a higher ratio of the money supply to GDP, a lower real interest rate, depreciation of the rand, and/or a lower inflation rate.
Lead‐Free Cs3Sb2Br9 Single Crystals for High Performance Narrowband Photodetector

Lead‐free single crystal perovskite materials exhibit impressive characteristics, such as high carrier mobility, low trap density, and long diffusion length. Herein, the high‐performance blue light photodetectors are reported based on lead‐free all‐inorganic Cs3Sb2Br9 perovskite single crystals. These millimeter‐sized Cs3Sb2Br9 single crystals have small thermal activation energy of 56.8 meV estimated by temperature‐dependent photoluminescence study. There is no obvious structural phase transition of the as‐obtained Cs3Sb2Br9 single crystals since no Raman peak shift is observed with temperature increasing from 80 to 300 K. The as‐constructed high quality Cs3Sb2Br9 single crystals photodetectors have an excellent performance of a responsivity of 2.29 A W−1, a sharp detectivity of 3.77 × 1012 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) peak of 1.8 × 103%. Moreover, the photodetectors exhibit a fast response time (<0.2 ms) and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the sharp EQE peak is as narrow as 15 nm. This work provides a promising strategy in the design of lead‐free, stable, and high‐performance perovskites for photodetector devices.
Impact of Control Room Technology More About Operator Monitoring under Normal Operations : The Role of Workload Regulation and the

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Cyberbullying Versus Face-to-Face Bullying A Theoretical and Conceptual Review

Cyberbullying has been described as a type of electronic bullying and has recently been subjected to intense media scrutiny largely due to a number of high profile and tragic cases of teen suicide. Despite the media attention relatively little is known about the nature of cyberbullying. This is, at least in part, due to a lack of theoretical and conceptual clarity and an examination of the similarities and differences between cyberbullying and face-to-face bullying. This paper reviews the limited theoretical and empirical literature addressing both cyberbullying and face-to-face bullying, using some specific examples from a qualitative study for illustration. We compare and contrast individual factors common to cyber and face-to-face bullying. We then examine social information processing factors associated with face-to-face bullying and present a discussion of the similarities and differences that may characterize cyberbullying.
The Impact of Homogeneity of Answer Choices on Item Difficulty and Discrimination

This study explored the impact of homogeneity of answer choices on item difficulty and discrimination. Twenty-two matched pairs of elementary and secondary mathematics items were administered to randomly equivalent samples of students. Each item pair comparison was treated as a separate study with the set of effect sizes analyzed using meta-analysis and a moderator analysis. The results show that multiple-choice (MC) items with homogeneous answer choices tend to be easier than MC items with nonhomogeneous answer choices, but the magnitude was related to item content (algebra vs. geometry) and answer choice construction strategy. For algebra items, items with homogeneous answer choices are easier than those with nonhomogeneous answer choices. However, the difficulty of geometry items with homogeneous and nonhomogeneous is not statistically different. Taking into account answer choice construction strategy, the findings showed that items with homogeneous answer choices were easier than items with nonhomogeneous answer choices when different strategy was applied. However, the same construction strategy was applied; thus, the difficulty of items with homogeneous answer choices and nonhomogeneous answer choices was not statistically different. In addition, we found that item discrimination does not significantly change across MC items with homogeneous and nonhomogeneous answer choices.
Criteria for irrationality of Euler’s constant

By modifying Beukers' proof of Apery's theorem that ζ(3) is irrational, we derive criteria for irrationality of Euler's constant, γ. For n > 0, we define a double integral In and a positive integer S n , and prove that with d n = LCM(1,., n) the following are equivalent: 1. The fractional part of log S n is given by {log S n } = d 2n I n for some n. 2. The formula holds for all sufficiently large n. 3. Euler's constant is a rational number. A corollary is that if {log S n } > 2 -n infinitely often, then γ is irrational. Indeed, if the inequality holds for a given n (we present numerical evidence for 1 < n < 2500) and γ is rational, then its denominator does not divide d 2n ( 2n n). We prove a new combinatorial identity in order to show that a certain linear form in logarithms is in fact log S n . A by-product is a rapidly converging asymptotic formula for γ, used by P. Sebah to compute γ correct to 18063 decimals.
Outlook: Testing Planet Formation Theories

The discovery of the first planetary companion to a solar-type star by Mayor and Queloz (1995) launched the extrasolar planetary systems era. Observational and theoretical progress in this area has been made at a breathtaking pace since 1995, as evidenced by this workshop. We now have a large and growing sample of extrasolar gas giant planets with which to test our theories of their formation and evolution. The two competing theories for the formation of gas giant planets, core accretion and disk instability, appear to have testable predictions: (i) Core accretion seems to require exceptionally long-lived disks, implying that gas giants should be somewhat rare, while disk instability can occur in even the shortest-lived disk, implying that gas giants should be abundant. The ongoing census of gas giants by the spectroscopic search programs will determine the frequency of gas giants on Jupiter-like orbits within the next decade. (ii) Core accretion takes millions of years to form gas giants, while disk instability forms gaseous protoplanets in thousands of years. Determining the epoch of gas giant planet formation by searching for astrometric wobbles indicative of gas giant companions around young stars with a range of ages (∼ 0. 1M yr to∼ 10 Myr) should be possible with the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM). (iii) Core accretion would seem to be bolstered by a higher ratio of dust to gas, whereas disk instability occurs equally well for a range of dust opacities. Determining whether a high primordial metallicity is necessary for gas giant planet formation can be accomplished by spectroscopic and astrometric searches for gas giants around metal-poor stars. Eventually, ice giant planets will be detectable as well. If ice giants are found to be much more frequent that gas giants, this may imply that core accretion occurs, but usually fails to form a gas giant. Terrestrial planets will be detected through photometry by Kepler and Eddington, astrometry by SIM, and imaging by Terrestrial Planet Finder and Darwin. Ultimately these detections will clarify the process of Earth formation by collisional accumulation, the only contending theory.
Magnetic properties of ultrathin discontinuous Co/Pt multilayers: Comparison with short-range ordered and isotropic CoPt3 films

Author(s): Charilaou, M; Bordel, C; Berche, PE; Maranville, BB; Fischer, P; Hellman, F | Abstract: © 2016 American Physical Society. Magnetic properties of thin Co/Pt multilayers have been investigated in order to study the dependence of magnetization M, uniaxial anisotropy Ku, and Curie temperature TC on the multilayer thickness, composition, and structure. A comparison between epitaxial submonolayer multilayers and epitaxial fcc CoPt3 alloy films with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) attributed to growth-induced Co clustering reveals significant differences in the temperature dependence of magnetization M(T), despite the presence of thin planar Co platelets in both cases. Even the thinnest discontinuous multilayered structure shows a Langevin-like M(T), while the alloy films with PMA show a broadened and enhanced M(T) indicating a distribution of environments, including monolayer Co platelets separated by only 1-2 layers of Pt. These differences have been reproduced in Monte Carlo simulations, and are shown to be due to different distributions of Co-Co and Co-Pt nearest neighbors. The relatively uniform Co-Co coordination of even a discontinuous rough multilayer produces a Langevin-like M(T), whereas the broader distribution associated with platelets in the PMA films results in a nearly linear T dependence of M.
Detecting stellar lensing of gravitational waves with ground-based observatories

We investigate the ability of ground based gravitational wave observatories to detect gravitational wave lensing events caused by stellar mass lenses. We show that LIGO and Virgo possess the sensitivities required to detect lenses with masses as small as $\sim 30 M_\odot$ provided that the gravitational wave is observed with a signal-to-noise ratio of $\sim30$. Third generation observatories will allow detection of gravitational wave lenses with masses of $\sim 1 M_\odot$. Finally, we discuss the possibility of lensing by multiple stars, as is the case if the gravitational radiation is passing through galactic nucleus or a dense star cluster.
Effect of a Modified Silicone as a Thickener on Rheology of Liquid CO2 and Its Fracturing Capacity

The low viscosity of pure liquid CO2 hindered the development of CO2 fracturing technology. A modified silicone polymer was prepared as a CO2 thickener to investigate the effect of temperature, pressure, shear rate and thickener content (wt.%) on the apparent viscosity and rheology of thickened liquid CO2. In addition, CO2 fracturing capacity was evaluated with the numerical simulation of extended finite element. The results displayed that an apparent viscosity of up to 1.3 mPa·s at 303 K and 18 MPa was attained over liquid CO2 using the thickener of 3 wt. % and Toluene of 9 wt. % as additives. Compared to the commercial linear polydimethylsiloxane, a better apparent viscosity was obtained from the mixture of this prepared thickener, Toluene and CO2. The apparent viscosity decreases with increasing temperature and shear rate. By contrast, an improving apparent viscosity was revealed with an increase in the pressure from 8 to 14 MPa and thickener content from 1 to 3 wt. %. The rheological index decreased with increasing thickener content with pressure but the rise in temperature led to an increasing rheological index. The mesh structure theory of the thickener, CO2 and Toluene molecules was in this paper gives a good explanation for the discrepancy between CO2 viscosity with the thickener content, temperature, pressure, or shear rate. Compared to pure CO2, the numerical simulation of CO2 fracturing demonstrated an excellent fracturing capacity by using the thickened CO2 fracturing fluid in shale reservoirs. This investigation could provide the basic reference for the development of CO2 fracturing technology.
Quantification of Release of Critical Elements, Formation of Fly Ash and Aerosols: Status on Current Understanding and Research Needs

Deposit formation in utility boilers occurs via a number of consecutive steps; 1) release of critical elements like K, Na, Pb, Zn, S and Cl, 2) formation of gaseous species, fly ash and aerosols, 3) transport and adhesion of ash species, 4) deposit build-up and consolidation, and, finally, 5) shedding of deposits. Some of the steps may be repetitive, as the process is partly cyclic [Frandsen, 2011]. The inorganic fraction of solid fuels, may cause several problems during combustion, most importantly formation of particulate matter (aerosols and fly ashes). These may subsequently induce deposit formation (slagging and fouling) on superheater tubes, leading to a potential reduction in heat transfer efficiency to the water/steam cycle, or, to chemical attack (corrosion) or physical wear (erosion) of superheater tubes. These problems may give rise to irregular operation, or even costly shutdowns of combustion units. Through several years, high quality research has conducted on characterization of fuels, ashes and deposit formation in utility boilers fired with coal, biomass and waste fractions. of experimental data reported, such work, but the fact is that there are still in 2017, a number of big gaps in our current understanding of these phenomena, and that we need focus on these points, in order to be to describe, understand, and, quantify the processes of ash and deposit formation [Frandsen, paper provide a brief outline of the current status on release of critical ash-forming elements, formation of aerosols respectively fly ash formation is systems fired with solid
Expected P/E, Residual P/E, and Stock Return Reversal: Time-Varying Fundamentals or Investor Overreaction?

We decompose P/E ratios into a fundamental component and a residual component that cannot be explained by the firm or economic fundamentals. Purging the fundamental component from observed P/E ratios, we find that portfolios based on residual P/E ratios exhibit performance reversal only in overbid glamour stocks; hence over-optimism is more prevalent than over-pessimism.
Mathematical Literacy Abilities: Study on Elementary and Junior High School Students in Lampung Tengah Regency in Term of Gender

Abstract: Mathematical Literacy Abilities: Study on Elementary and Junior High School Students in Lampung Tengah Regency in Term of Gender. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the mathematical literacy abilities of elementary and junior high school students in Lampung Tengah Regency in term of gender. Methods: The population of this quantitative research is all of elementary school students in grade VI and junior high school students in grade IX in Lampung Tengah regency in academic year 2019/2020. The samples were 431 elementary students and 614 junior high school students selected using cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a mathematical literacy test and analyzed descriptively and using the Mann Whitney test. Findings: Research’s result shows that i) both in elementary and junior high schools, female students have higher mathematical literacy abilities than male students; and ii) the mean scores of students’ mathematical literacy both male and female less than 35. Conclusion : Both male and female students' mathematical literacy in elementary and junior high school of Lampung Tengah regency is still in the low category. Keywords: Mathematical Literacy Gender, Elementary School, Middle School. Abstrak: Kemampuan Literasi Matematis: Studi pada Siswa SD dan SMP di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Ditinjau dari Jenis Kelamin. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa SD dan SMP di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah ditinjau dari jenis kelamin. Metode: Populasi dari penelitian kuantitatif ini adalah seluruh siswa SD kelas VI dan SMP kelas IX di kabupaten Lampung Tengah pada tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Sampel penelitian adalah 431 siswa SD dan 614 siswa SMP yang terpilih dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen tes literasi matematis dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan menggunakan uji Mann Whitney. Temuan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa i) baik pada SD maupun SMP, siswa dengan jenis kelamin perempuan memiliki rata-rata kemampuan literasi matematis yang lebih tinggi dari siswa laki-laki; dan ii) rata-rata skor kemampuan literasi matematis siswa baik perempuan maupun laki-laki lebih kecil dari 35. Kesimpulan: Kemampuan literasi matematis siswa perempuan dan laki-laki pada SD maupun SMP di kabupaten Lampung Tengah masih berada pada kategori rendah. Kata kunci: Literasi Matematis, Jenis Kelamin, SD, SMP. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.23960/jpp.v10. i2.202002
Massive Star Clusters in Dwarf Galaxies

Abstract Dwarf galaxies can have very high globular cluster specific frequencies, and the GCs are in general significantly more metal-poor than the bulk of the field stars. In some dwarfs, such as Fornax, WLM, and IKN, the fraction of metal-poor stars that belong to GCs can be as high as 20%–25%, an order of magnitude higher than the 1%–2% typical of GCs in halos of larger galaxies. Given that chemical abundance anomalies appear to be present also in GCs in dwarf galaxies, this implies severe difficulties for self-enrichment scenarios that require GCs to have lost a large fraction of their initial masses. More generally, the number of metal-poor field stars in these galaxies is today less than what would originally have been present in the form of low-mass clusters if the initial cluster mass function was a power-law extending down to low masses. This may imply that the initial GC mass function in these dwarf galaxies was significantly more top-heavy than typically observed in present-day star forming environments.