Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deuterium Nuclear Reaction Process within Solid.

In a series of studies, a significantly large amount of helium (2He/D2=(1-V0.2)x 10-2 and 2He/2He~4, D2: "fuel" helium: "ash") was clearly detected with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) as the deuterium nuclear reaction product ("ash") released from the highly deuterated palladium host-solid (Pd-black distributed 0.020.06 [,u]: average 0.04 [,u]) that had produced large amounts of anomalous excess energy (200.500 [MJ/cm3]) through long period such as 5000 [hrs], when it was heated in a high vacuum (=10-g [torn]), high temperature (>1000 [°C]). On the other hand, a simultaneous measurement by another QMS catched a signal of the existence of 2He, while it is considerably less existence than 2He. In comparable measurements from non-deuterated samples, any helium and deuterium were not detected. This means that there exist no well-known Rutherford type as a main reaction of the deuterium nuclear reaction within Pd host-solid, and an inherent feature of solid-state with much valency electron cloud such as Pd presents a circumstance for a new type of deuterium nuclear fusion reaction which directly produces 2He as main reaction product. Because the helium (He, 2He) was observed only after each sample had been heated in a high vacuum, in each case, the laws of physics require that this helium could not have diffused from any outside source other than the Pd metal sample. Also because helium was observed only after the sample was heated to a relatively high temperature, in each case, it must have been trapped within an interior location of the sample. Because there is no known process that can account for the diffusion of the large amounts of helium into the interior locations of the various samples at the levels that were measured, the only possible explanation for the helium being trapped in this fashion is that it was trapped within each sample after it was first produced as the nuclear ash from an electrolytically induced (Cold Fusion) deuterium nuclear reaction. To understand these results, the authors have constructed a theory, based upon a coherent process that is believed to be induced in highly deuterated Pd black crystals. In this theory, it is postulated that Cold Fusion is initiated through the formation of a Strongly Coupled Plasma ("SC-Plasma"), reminiscient of the SC-plasma's that are found within stellar interiors. This postulate is consistent with the assumption that a deuterium nuclear reaction is initiated in a localized zone within a host solid, and it is indispensable that the deuterium be transformed coherently for at least a few picoseconds into a SC-plasma, which the authors refer to as a deuterium "coherent plasma" within the solid-state. It is also postulated that this "coherent solid-state plasma fusion" is initiated through a violent, localized vibration of the lattice, which the authors refer to as a "Latticequake". This "Latticequake" is essentially accompanied with both of an intense electromagnetic turbulence and violently shaking electron cloud under a many body effect in coherent-state.
HPLC ANALYSIS OF ELUTED MONOMERS FROM DENTAL COMPOSITE USING DIFFERENT IMMERSION MEDIA

Numerous factors may play a role in the monomer release of dental materials. The aim of this study is to measure the release of monomers from commercially available hybrid composite resin Tetric Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) in the following time schedule, 1 hr, 24 hr, 7 d, and 30 d after the polymerization and observation of the effects of different immersion media on released monomers. Twelve specimen discs were prepared using hybrid composite resin for each analyte in three media [ethanol/water solution (75:25, v/v), distilled water, artificial saliva]. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the analysis of released monomers from the hybrid composite resin. All monomers were released in ethanol/water solution with higher efficiency than the other two media, and the highest amount of release was obtained from BisGMA (p < 0.001). Ethanol/water solution which is suggested to simulate the environment of the mouth is the most effective media for monomer release from composite resins.
Online Drinking Water Quality Monitoring: Review on Available and Emerging Technologies

Online drinking water quality monitoring technologies have made significant progress for source water surveillance and water treatment plant operation. The use of these technologies in the distribution system has not been favorable due to the high costs associated with installation, maintenance, and calibration of a large distributed array of monitoring sensors. This has led to a search for newer technologies that can be economically deployed on a large scale. This paper includes a brief description of important parameters for drinking water and current available technologies used in the field. The paper also provides a thorough review of the advances in sensor technology for measurement of common water quality parameters (pH, turbidity, free chlorine, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity) in drinking water distribution systems.
Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) of aqueous nonsurfactant salts, ionic surfactants, and mixed ionic surfactants

When a chromophore in solution is not surface active, it can still be detected via IRRAS at the air/water interface, down to the concentration level of 1-10 mM. This is demonstrated with new data on sodium sulfate and sodium methyl sulfate. With surface active solutes, like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDSn), which adsorb from solution and form monolayers at the air/water interface, IRRAS primarily detects the monolayers up to about 10 mM, with little or no influence of bulk solution absorption. Above about 10 mM at 25 °C, the presence of monomers or micelles in solution may be detected in addition to the monolayer. For both SDS and SDSn, the RA intensities, and thus the adsorbed monolayer densities, increase with their concentration and sodium chloride concentration (10 or 100 mM), as expected from the equilibrium surface tension data. The wavenumbers of the CH 2 IR stretch bands indicate that the monolayers are not close-packed, consistent with the commonly reported minimum areas per molecule (ca. 40 A 2 ) determined from tensiometry. The polar group bands are not well-resolved and suggest little crystallinity. The splitting of the antisymmetric SO 3 ] band, observed for SDS in the presence of salt, is not observed for SDSn or mixtures of SDS with SDSn. Adsorption from 50/50, by mole, mixtures of SDSn and SDS, or deuterated SDS, in water or 100 mM NaCl was also probed by IRRAS. Data from the polar group bands and the CH 2 or CD 2 bands indicate that the adsorbed monolayer is mixed and enriched in SDS.
Role of CF2 in the etching of SiO2, Si3N4 and Si in fluorocarbon plasma

The CF2 density and etch rate of SiO2, Si3N4 and Si are investigated as a function of gas pressure and O2 flow rate in fluorocarbon plasma. As the pressure increases, the self-bias voltage decreases whereas the SiO2 etch rate increases. Previous study has shown that SiO2 etch rate is proportional to the self-bias voltage. This result indicates that other etching parameters contribute to the SiO2 etching. Generally, the CF2 radical is considered as a precursor for fluorocarbon layer formation. At a given power, defluorination of fluorocarbon under high-energy ion bombardment is a main source of fluorine for SiO2 etching. When more CF2 radical in plasma, SiO2 etch rate is increased because more fluorine can be provided. In this case, CF2 is considered as a reactant for SiO2 etching. The etch rate of Si3N4 and Si is mainly determined by the polymer thickness formed on its surface which is dominated by the CF2 density in plasma. Etching results obtained by varying O2 flow rate also support the proposition.
Sugarcane Analysis Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT NEAR Infrared (NIR) reflectance (R) spectroscopy was used to determine the pol (dextro-rotary substances), fiber, sugar and moisture contents of shredded sugarcane samples. The analysis of the NIR data was based on the second derivative of the log (1/R) values. A set of four wavelengths was then selected and calibration correlations were determined for these wavelengths for each constituent. A standard analysis was also performed for comparison with the NIR results. There was no significant difference between the pol, fiber, sugar, and moisture values using the standard press method and the NIR method developed in this study (p>0.01). Correlations between the two methods were also determined and the values were 0.957, 0.834, 0.956, and 0.957 for pol, fiber, sugar, and moisture, respectively.
CuO nanorods: a potential and efficient adsorbent in water purification

The present work deals with a simple in situ soft chemical synthesis of nanoscale copper(II) oxide, together with its characterization and a study of the adsorption and desorption behaviors of Pb(II) on nanoscale CuO. The nanoparticles are characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM and BET surface area analyses. Electron microscopy clearly reveals a rod-like morphology of rhombohedral CuO, with an average diameter of ∼5 nm and a length extending up to 50 nm. BET shows the average surface area of the nanorods to be ∼52.57 m2 g−1. In an adsorption study, the influence of operational conditions, such as the contact time, the initial concentration of Pb(II), the initial pH of the solution and the temperature, on the adsorption of Pb(II) has also been examined. Studies also reveal that the uptake of Pb(II) onto CuO is a fast process; >70% of the uptake occurred within the first 10 min of contact time and uptake reached >92% within 60 min. The maximum sorption capacity of Pb(II) is 3.31 mg g−1 at 298 K. The +ve ΔS° value and the +ve ΔH° value of 37.77 kJ mol−1 indicate the endothermic nature of the adsorption process, whereas a decrease of Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) with increasing temperature indicates the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The adsorbent can be up to 84.1% regenerated using dilute acid and shows potential for the removal of lead from contaminated water.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC RESIDUES AND SPRAYING OF POTASSIUM AND ZINC ON SOME GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF POTATO

A field experiment was conducted in Babylon province in 2018 spring season to examine the effect of adding organic residues (poultry dung, rice residues and palm fronds residues), spraying of zinc sulphate and potassium sulphate on some growth characteristics and yield of potato. Results showed significant effect of rice residues in comparison with control treatment in both plant height (97.81 cm) and leaf area (38.074 cm. plant). While poultry dung treatment was significantly higher in the number of air stems (2.652), leaf content of total chlorophyll(45.704 mg.100gm soft weight), tubers number (14.00 tuber.plant)and total yield of tubers (59.67 ton /h) compare to control. Zinc sulphate treatment at concentration of 0.4 (gm.L) was significant in comparison with control and growth characteristics and yield of potato plants were as follows: plant height (96.08 cm), the number of air stems (2.389 tuber.plant), leaf area (36.944 cm. plant), leaf content of total chlorophyll (45.704 mg.100gm soft weight), total tubers number (13.417 tuber.plant) and total yield of tubers (53.03 ton /h). Potassium sulphate treatment also showed significant effect at concentration of 5.0 (gm.L) in all studied characteristics compare to control treatment.
EFFECT OF FEEDING BROILERS ON LOW PROTEIN DIETS BY WITHDRAWAL PROTEIN CONCENTRATES AND FORTIFIED WITH DIFFERENT ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS, CHOLINE AND CARNITINE ON BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY

The aim of current study was to conducted in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences University of Baghdad (Abu Ghraib site) for 42 days from 27/9/2019 to 11/8/2019 to study the effect of low-protein level and replacement of protein concentrates by methionine, threonine, lysine, arginine, choline and carnitine in broiler diets on blood parameters and Intestinal morphology. Amino acid mixture Consists of methionine, lysine, threonine, arginine, choline and carnitine (17, 16.6, 16.6, 16.6, 16.6 and 16.6 %) respectively. Then added to the broiler diets by ratios as follows: T1, is a control treatment containing the Protein concentrate at 5% (starter period, growth period and finisher period), T2 a second control treatment containing a 5% Protein concentrate and low protein 2% in (starter period, growth period and finisher period), T3 withdrew the Protein concentrate and low protein 2% level in all stages (starter period, growth period and finisher period) and the mixture is added 1%, T4 withdraw the Protein concentrate and low protein 2% in all stages (starter period, growth period and finisher period) and add the mixture 1.5%, T5 withdraw the Protein concentrate and low protein 2% in all stages (starter period, growth period and finisher period) and the mixture is added 2%. The result of blood parameters showed decrease Significant on triglycerides for T4 compared with T1 but no significant differences T3, T4 and T5 compared with controls treatments T1 and T2 in total protein and uric acid. Intestinal Morphology result showed was a significant difference in thickness of the mucous layer for T3 and T5 compared with T2 and no significant crypt depth between all treatments, but showed significant difference for T2 compared with T4 in villus length.
The dielectric constant of water. Computer simulations with the MCY potential

Despite the sizable literature on computer simulations of water and aqueous solutions, very little is known about one of the most interesting properties of water, namely its dielectric constant. In this paper it is demonstrated that the methodological as well as technological problems that have hitherto impeded the calculation of dielectric properties of realistic model systems have now been overcome. Using a small dedicated array processor, a series of extensive simulations with the MCY (Matsuoka–Clementi–Yoshimine) potential for water have been performed in reaction field geometry, and it is shown that consistent (i.e., free from boundary effects) and accurate results may be obtained for the full frequency‐dependent dielectric constant, from the static up to the submillimeter range. At the same time it is found that the rather popular MCY model is not able to satisfactorily reproduce the dielectric properties of real water: Both the static dielectric constant and the principal dielectric relaxation time.
THE EFFECT OF USING NANOPARTICLES PHOSPHORUS AND ZINC ON QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L.)

In order to investigate the possibility of using Nano-technology to reduce the amounts of chemical fertilizers, field experiments were conducted in two locations in Sids Experimental Farm, ARC and El Fashn City, Beni-Suef Government. The design of the experiment was split – split design in three factors as follow A: chemical phosphorus fertilizer, i.e., 0.0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % from its recommended rate (RRP). B: foliar spraying of natural rock P Nanoparticles (with and without). C: zinc application (0.0 foliar spraying of 0.2% twice from zinc sulphate and foliar spraying of 0.2 % zinc oxide Nanoparticles twice). The results showed that increasing chemical phosphorus fertilizer up to 100% RR increased seed and straw yields, protein percentage and yield as well as oil percentage and yield. Foliar spraying of natural rock P Nanoparticles exhibited the highest soybean seed yield, protein percentage and yield, oil percentage and yield over control. Foliar spraying of zinc oxide Nanoparticles recorded the maximum seed and straw yields, protein percentage and yield and oil percentage and yield which equal to those under foliar spraying of zinc sulphate as compared with no zinc. The interaction between treatments revealed that, the treatment of 50% RRP+ foliar spraying of neutral rock P Nanoparticles+ foliar spraying of ZnSO4 or ZnO nanoparticles gave the highest seed and straw yields, protein (%) and protein yield as well oil (%) and oil yield, which statistically equal to those under 100% RRP plus foliar spraying of zinc. Also, Nano-zinc oxide produced the studied traits equal to refer to zinc sulphate. These results mean that it could be saved about 50% RRP by using rock P Nanoparticles, beside the possibility of using zinc oxide Nanoparticles instead of zinc sulphate.
Semianalytical Solution for Dual‐Probe Heat‐Pulse Applications that Accounts for Probe Radius and Heat Capacity

The dual‐probe heat‐pulse (DPHP) method is useful for measuring soil thermal properties. Measurements are made with a sensor that has two parallel cylindrical probes: one for introducing a pulse of heat into the soil (heater probe) and one for measuring change in temperature (temperature probe). We present a semianalytical solution that accounts for the finite radius and finite heat capacity of the heater and temperature probes. A closed‐form expression for the Laplace transform of the solution is obtained by considering the probes to be cylindrical perfect conductors. The Laplace‐domain solution is inverted numerically. For the case where both probes have the same radius and heat capacity, we show that their finite properties have equal influence on the heat‐pulse signal received by the temperature probe. The finite radius of the probes causes the heat‐pulse signal to arrive earlier in time. This time shift increases in magnitude as the probe radius increases. The effect of the finite heat capacity of the probes depends on the ratio of the heat capacity of the probes (C0) and the heat capacity of the soil (C). Compared with the case where C0/C = 1, the magnitude of the heat‐pulse signal decreases (i.e., smaller change in temperature) and the maximum temperature rise occurs later when C0/C > 1. When C0/C < 1, the magnitude of the signal increases and the maximum temperature rise occurs earlier. The semianalytical solution is appropriate for use in DPHP applications where the ratio of probe radius (a0) and probe spacing (L) satisfies the condition that a0/L ≤ 0.11.
Penetration resistance of gypsiferous horizons

To assess the importance and the possible causes of penetration resistance of horizons with gypsum, 20 horizons in seven irrigated profiles were studied. Gypsum contents ranged from 0 to 900 g kg−1. Penetrometer tests were performed on undisturbed soil cores by means of a needle penetrometer at different matric potentials. The increase of penetration resistance on drying was caused by changes in the effective stress of the soils, calculated from their soil water characteristic curves. Multiple regression tests showed that besides water content and bulk density, gypsum content was positively correlated with penetration resistance. It seems that in the soils studied the increase of penetration resistance caused by gypsum is due to the growth of gypsum crystals in pre‐existing pores, which reduces the volume of regular and continuous voids necessary for root growth.
Use of Chromameter‐Measured Color Parameters in Estimating Color‐Related Soil Variables

Abstract Soil color is a soil property that may be used as an interpreting index in estimating processes and properties. Quantifying color allows one to obtain information for rapidly estimating the related processes in soils. CIELAB color parameters L*, a*, and b* of ground (air‐dried and sieved) soil samples and aggregate surfaces of four soil profiles formed in calcareous colluviums in northern Turkey were analyzed. Values of color parameters measured in ground and intact soils were compared and related to soil properties by the regression technique. Results revealed that the L* value obtained with a ground soil sample was a significant predictor of organic matter in A horizons (p < 0.001). Although calcic horizons yielded the highest L* values, no significant relationship was obtained between calcium carbonate contents and lightness of soils in any of horizons studied. The parameters of b* could adequately be used to quantify dithionite‐extractable iron oxide contents in soils studied. The results further showed that the CIELAB color parameters obtained with ground samples were more informative than that of aggrevated samples in relating color parameters to soil properties.
Fluorescent phenylethynylene calix[4]arenes for sensing TNT in aqueous media and vapor phase

The upper-rim of calix[4]arene is modified with phenylacetylene derivatives via Sonogashira coupling reaction to produce a wider cavity for entrapping TNT. The modified calix[4]arene with amino groups on the wider rim exhibits highly selective fluorescence quenching toward TNT compared to other nitro aromatic compounds in an aqueous medium due to the shape and hydrophobicity of the modified cavity. The limit of detection of TNT is 0.3 μM (68 ppb) in water and the Stern–Volmer fluorescence quenching constant is 1.09 × 105 M−1.
THE FORMATION OF LIGNIN IN WHEAT PLANTS

Wheat plants were harvested approximately every two weeks after emergence from the soil. Determination of the lignin content by the 72% sulphuric acid method showed a rapid increase between the period 45–70 days from seeding, and there was a corresponding increase in the yield of vanillin and syringaldehyde, obtained by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation. The p-hydroxybenzaldehyde yield remained low at all times and seemed to be derived from a different system. It is suggested that the source of this aldehyde is not the lignin, but the tyrosine associated with the protein. The ratios of vanillin to syringaldehyde did not remain constant from plants of different ages, the percentage of syringaldehyde being lower than vanillin in the young plants and higher in those which were more mature. This is qualitatively in agreement with an increase in the methoxyl content of the lignin.When the yield of aldehydes from mature plants is taken as the criterion for the amount of lignin present, the youngest plants have a .
Likelihood-Based Estimates of Household Consumption Insurance

We propose a panel unobserved components model of household income and consumption. The model allows both idiosyncratic income and consumption to have permanent and transitory components, with possible cointegration and spillovers between components. We use likelihood-based methods for inference and find that (quasi) maximum likelihood estimation for a simple version of the model provides more precise and robust estimates of household consumption insurance against permanent income shocks than generalized method of moments for a widely-used annual panel dataset. Monte Carlo analysis demonstrates that (quasi) maximum likelihood estimation produces more accurate inferences than generalized method of moments in finite samples. Bayesian estimation allows straightforward comparison of different model specifications and favors the simple version of the model that has no cointegration or persistence in the transitory components. In subgroup analysis, we find that consumption insurance is higher for older and more educated households.
Work function of indium tin oxide transparent conductor measured by photoelectron spectroscopy

We used ultraviolet and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and (UPS) techniques to directly measure absolute values of vacuum work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. We obtained a work function of 4.4–4.5 eV which is lower than the commonly cited value. These values do not change substantially by heating and Ar ion sputtering. The atomic concentrations of each element in ITO, measured with XPS, are also quite stable under heat treatment and ion sputtering.