Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of mood and aging on keystroke dynamics metadata and their diurnal patterns in a large open-science sample: A BiAffect iOS study

OBJECTIVE Ubiquitous technologies can be leveraged to construct ecologically relevant metrics that complement traditional psychological assessments. This study aims to determine the feasibility of smartphone-derived real-world keyboard metadata to serve as digital biomarkers of mood. MATERIALS AND METHODS BiAffect, a real-world observation study based on a freely available iPhone app, allowed the unobtrusive collection of typing metadata through a custom virtual keyboard that replaces the default keyboard. User demographics and self-reports for depression severity (Patient Health Questionnaire-8) were also collected. Using >14 million keypresses from 250 users who reported demographic information and a subset of 147 users who additionally completed at least 1 Patient Health Questionnaire, we employed hierarchical growth curve mixed-effects models to capture the effects of mood, demographics, and time of day on keyboard metadata. RESULTS We analyzed 86 541 typing sessions associated with a total of 543 Patient Health Questionnaires. Results showed that more severe depression relates to more variable typing speed (P < .001), shorter session duration (P < .001), and lower accuracy (P < .05). Additionally, typing speed and variability exhibit a diurnal pattern, being fastest and least variable at midday. Older users exhibit slower and more variable typing, as well as more pronounced slowing in the evening. The effects of aging and time of day did not impact the relationship of mood to typing variables and were recapitulated in the 250-user group. CONCLUSIONS Keystroke dynamics, unobtrusively collected in the real world, are significantly associated with mood despite diurnal patterns and effects of age, and thus could serve as a foundation for constructing digital biomarkers.
Morphological and molecular alterations of reactive astrocytes without proliferation in cerebral cortex of an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model and Alzheimer's patients

Astrocytes are fundamental for maintaining brain homeostasis and are commonly involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In response to injury or toxic material, astrocytes undergo activation that results in hypertrophy and process ramification. Although numerous studies have shown that reactive astrocytes are intimately related to the pathogenesis of AD, their characteristic features including morphological and molecular alterations that occur during different stages of AD progression remain to be elucidated. Here, we crossed astrocyte‐specific reporter mice hGFAP‐CreERT2;Rosa‐tdTomato with APP/PS1 mice, and then used genetic tracing to characterize the morphological profiles and expression of molecular biomarkers associated with progressive β‐amyloid deposits in the cortical region of AD mice. Expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) was lower in cortical reactive astrocytes, in contrast to the higher expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, of APP/PS1 mice and AD patients relative to that in cortical astrocytes of wild‐type mice and age‐matched controls, respectively. GS activity was also decreased obviously in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice at 6 and 12 months of age relative to that in the wild‐type mice of the same ages. Furthermore, cortical reactive astrocytes in APP/PS1 mice and AD patients did not undergo proliferation. Finally, based on RNA‐sequencing analysis, we identified differentially expressed transcripts of signal transduction molecules involved in early induction of reactive astrocytes in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. These findings provide a morphological and molecular basis with which to understand the function and mechanism of reactive astrocytes in the progression of AD.
Effects on Postoperative Gastrointestinal Motility After Neuromuscular Blockade Reversal With Sugammadex Versus Neostigmine/Glycopyrrolate in Colorectal Surgery Patients

Background: Neuromuscular blockers (NMBs) used during surgery have historically been reversed with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and anticholinergic agents, which can slow gastrointestinal motility. Sugammadex (SUG) provides NMB reversal with minimal effects on gastrointestinal motility. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if SUG for reversal of NMB is associated with decreased time to first bowel movement (BM) following laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis divided 224 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgeries based on whether they received SUG or a combination of neostigmine and glycopyrrolate (NG) for NMB reversal. The primary outcome was time (in hours) from NMB reversal until first recorded BM. Secondary end points were postoperative ileus, postoperative nausea and vomiting, prevalence of residual NMB, and hospital length of stay. The relationship between NMB reversal agent and outcomes were analyzed using multivariable linear regression and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: There were 128 patients who received NG and 96 who received SUG. Time to first BM was faster in the SUG group by 11.7 hours (P = 0.004). SUG maintained the effect in a multiple regression model (P = 0.012). A Cox Proportional Hazards regression model found 50% increased odds of a BM across time for the SUG group (P = 0.003). No adverse effects were noted. Conclusion and Relevance: This represents the first report demonstrating faster return of BM following colorectal surgery with SUG when compared with NG. Application of these data may add another tool to enhance recovery after colorectal surgery.
Sleep Deprivation Etiologies Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation among patients is a common problem in the intensive care unit (ICU). Studies have tried to find the etiologies of sleep deprivation. Poor sleep quality in the ICU has effects such as delirium, weakening the wound healing, and anxiety. Researches have concluded that the etiologies for sleep deprivation are multifactorial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to discuss the etiologies of sleep deprivation among ICU patients. This review also aims to discuss effects of sleep deprivations and provide implications for promoting sleep quality in the ICU. METHODS For this literature review, ProQuest, MEDLINE, and Up To Date were used to find articles about sleep deprivation among ICU patients. The search was narrowed to articles between 2008 and 2019. A total of 23 articles were included that were found to match the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Findings indicated that sleep deprivations etiologies among ICU patients can be environmental and nonenvironmental. Sensory overload, sensory deprivation, and patients' care activities are environmental etiologies for sleep deprivation. The nonenvironmental factors include pharmacological, physical, and psychological factors. DISCUSSION Sleep deprivation etiologies are multifactorial and have several effects on ICU patients. Sleep protocol and staff training should be introduced to reduce unnecessary interventions by ICU staff. Tele-ICU monitoring can also be introduced to reduce unnecessary interventions where clinicians can monitor patients remotely and therefore enhance sleep in the ICU. During their stay in the ICU, patients can be instructed to wear earplugs and also have aromatherapy massage to reduce stress and enhance sleep quality. More research on the physical pain and the psychological factors using objective methods should be conducted in the future.
Freezing, Melting, and Light Stress on the Photophysiology of Ice Algae: Ex Situ Incubation of the Ice Algal diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus (Bacillariophyceae) Using an Ice Tank

Sea ice algae contribute up to 25% of the primary productivity of polar seas and seed large‐scale ice‐edge blooms. Fluctuations in temperature, salinity, and light associated with the freeze/thaw cycle can significantly impact the photophysiology of ice‐associated taxa. The effects of multiple co‐stressors (i.e., freezing temperature and high brine salinity or sudden high light exposure) on the photophysiology of ice algae were investigated in a series of ice tank experiments with the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus under different light intensities. When algal cells were frozen into the ice, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (PSII; Fv/Fm) decreased possibly due to the damage of PSII reaction centers and/or high brine salinity stress suppressing the reduction capacity downstream of PSII. Expression of the rbcL gene was highly up‐regulated, suggesting that cells initiated strategies to enhance survival upon freezing in. Algae contained within the ice‐matrix displayed similar levels of Fv/Fm regardless of the light treatments. Upon melting out, cells were exposed to high light (800 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1), resulting in a rapid decline in Fv/Fm and significant up‐regulation of non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ). These results suggest that ice algae employed safety valves (i.e., NPQ) to maintain their photosynthetic capability during the sudden environmental changes. Our results infer that sea ice algae are highly adaptable when exposed to multiple co‐stressors and that their success can, in part, be explained by the ability to rapidly modify their photosynthetic competence – a key factor contributing to algal bloom formation in the polar seas.
Variability in the rumen degradability and postruminal digestion of the dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids of canola meal

The rumen degradability and postruminal digestion of rumen escape dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and metabolically essential amino acids (EAA) for canola meal (CM) from five different processing plants (samples 1–5) and one sample of soybean meal (SBM) were compared. Rumen degradability was estimated by incubating sample-filled small nylon bags in situ in the rumen of steers for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 30 h. Postruminal digestion was estimated using a sequence of ruminal in situ incubations for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 h, in vitro incubation in an acid-pepsin solution and a mobile nylon bag technique distal to the abomasum. The rumen escape of nutrients for CM1 was consistently lower compared to other CM samples, while CM4 resulted in the highest escape of nutrients at 30 h. An estimate of maximum degradability of EAA measured at 30 h differed among CM samples, with the rumen escape of EAA being CM4 > CM2 = CM5 ≥ CM1 = CM3 > SBM. The DM, N and EAA content of mobile bag residues was relatively uniform among CM sample.
Distinct interactions of eIF4A and eIF4E with RNA helicase Ded1 stimulate translation in vivo

Yeast DEAD-box helicase Ded1 stimulates translation initiation, particularly of mRNAs with structured 5'UTRs. Interactions of the Ded1 N-terminal domain (NTD) with eIF4A, and Ded1-CTD with eIF4G, subunits of eIF4F, enhance Ded1 unwinding activity and stimulation of preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly in vitro. However, the importance of these interactions, and of Ded1-eIF4E association, in vivo were poorly understood. We identified separate amino acid clusters in the Ded1-NTD required for binding to eIF4A or eIF4E in vitro. Disrupting each cluster selectively impairs native Ded1 association with eIF4A or eIF4E, and reduces cell growth, polysome assembly, and translation of reporter mRNAs with structured 5'UTRs. It also impairs Ded1 stimulation of PIC assembly on a structured mRNA in vitro. Ablating Ded1 interactions with eIF4A/eIF4E unveiled a requirement for the Ded1-CTD for robust initiation. Thus, Ded1 function in vivo is stimulated by independent interactions of its NTD with eIF4E and eIF4A, and its CTD with eIF4G.
EFFECT OF FEEDING VARYING LEVELS OF PALM KERNEL CAKE ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND CHANGES IN BLOOD METABOLITES OF LACTATING CROSSBRED DAIRY CATTLE

The objective was to evaluate the effects of increasing level of palm kernel cake (PKC) in concentrate feed on dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW), milk production, milk composition and blood metabolites of dairy cows. Twenty one crossbred cows with average BW 410 ± 52.6 kg, producing 12 ± 3.2 kg of milk daily were blocked by their BW, previous lactation yield and days in milk (DIM). The animals were assigned to dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with n=7 cows per treatment. Dietary treatments were: Control (C), PKC 20 and PKC 40 containing 0%, 20% and 40% PKC in concentrate diets, respectively. The duration of experiment was 70 days (d). Commonly used agro industrial by-products wheat bran and rice polishing were replaced with PKC. Body weight and body condition score (BCS) were measured at the start and then on a bi-weekly basis; whereas, feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk samples were collected twice a week (wk) and blood samples were taken weekly. Increasing level of PKC in concentrate diet had no effect (p>0.05) on DMI, fecal score, milk production and composition, BW and BCS gain as well as milk production efficiency. However, milk fat and total solids (TS) increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing level of PKC. Plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations were similar (p>0.05) among treatments. Inclusion of PKC at 40% increased milk fat and TS contents without affecting DMI, milk production, BW and BCS in crossbred dairy cows. It is concluded that PKC up to 40% can successfully replace wheat bran and rice polishing in dairy concentrate diet for crossbred cows.
Effects of body size on sympatric shelter use in over-wintering juvenile salmonids

The study tests two hypotheses: (1) the degree of shelter dominance in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta increases progressively with increasing size differential between heterospecific fish in a pair and (2) shelter dominance, standardized to size differential, correlates with aggression. The results support the first but not the second hypothesis, suggesting that the fitness consequences of high growth performance during the summer are likely to become evident during winter. At this time of year, when mortality is high among both Atlantic salmon and brown trout, shelter dominance may increase the chances of survival.
Solution to the "Char problem" based on Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in Norway

Rearing and transplantation experiments demonstrate that three coexisting forms of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (anadromous, small and large freshwater residents) belong to the same gene pool. The parr of each form segregate into all three forms. Single individuals may manifest all three forms during their lifetime, successively attaining the appearance and spawning color of each form. Males mature at a younger age and smaller size than females. Hence, in char populations featuring two or more forms, males dominate in the early maturing form and females in the late maturing form. Char populations that feature only one form (sex ratio 1:1) seem to be established through natural selection for age at sexual maturity. Segregation during the young stage depends upon their genetic constitution and access to food. Offspring of the small resident parents produced more resident individuals and fewer smolts than did offspring of anadromous parents. An increased amount of food increases the resident fraction and r.
High Power Thermoelectric Generator Based on Vertical Silicon Nanowires

Thermoelectric generators, which convert heat directly into electrical power, have great potentialities in the energy harvesting field. The exploitation of these potentialities is limited by the materials currently used, characterized by good thermoelectric properties, but also by several drawbacks. This work presents a silicon-based thermoelectric generator, made of a large collection of heavily p-doped silicon nanostructures. This macroscopic device (area of several mm2) collects together the good thermoelectric features of silicon, in terms of high power factor, and a very reduced thermal conductivity, which resulted in being exceptionally low (1.8 W/(m K), close to the amorphous limit). The generated electrical power density is remarkably high for a Si-based thermoelectric generator, and it is suitable for scavenging applications which can exploit small temperature differences. A full characterization of the device (Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, maximum power output) is reported and discussed.
Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Is Expressed in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Possible Implications for Tumor Growth and Prognosis

Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) regulates gonadal testosterone production and recent studies have suggested a growth-regulatory role in somatic cancers. Here, we established that LHCGR is expressed in a fraction of seminoma cells and germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), and the seminoma-derived cell line TCam2 released LHCGR into the medium. LH treatment induced proliferation of TCam2 cells in vitro, while hCG treatment induced a non-significant 51% increase in volume of tumors formed in a TCam2 xenograft model. A specific ELISA was used to detect a soluble LHCGR in serum. Serum concentrations of soluble LHCGR could not distinguish 4 patients with GCNIS and 216 patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) from 297 infertile or 148 healthy young men. Instead, serum LHCGR levels were significantly higher in 112 patients with a seminoma >5 cm or elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared with men harboring smaller seminomas <2 cm or normal LDH levels. Serum LHCGR levels in TGCT patients could not predict relapse irrespective whether determined pre- or post-orchiectomy. Combined, these novel findings suggest that LHCGR may be directly involved in the progression and growth of seminomas, and our retrospective pilot study suggests that serum LHCGR may have some prognostic value in men with seminoma.
Doxorubicin and CD-CUR inclusion complex co-loaded in thermosensitive hydrogel PLGA-PEG-PLGA localized administration for osteosarcoma

Combination therapy is a promising and prevalent strategy for osteosarcoma treatment. Curcumin (CUR), as a chemosensitizer, improves the antitumor effect of first-line chemotherapy drugs. However, due to its poor solubility and instability in physiological conditions, the bioavailability of CUR is limited. In order to improve the physicochemical properties of natural CUR, β-cyclodextrin was adopted to generate a β-cyclodextrin curcumin (CD-CUR) inclusion complex. A thermosensitive hydrogel, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene-glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide), was selected and synthesized to co-deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and CD-CUR to tumor sites. The dual-drug delivery system (gel+DOX+CD-CUR) was prepared by mixing drugs with hydrogels and had a perfect sol-gel phase transition temperature (18.3°C for 20% concentration). Both DOX and CUR were released from hydrogels in a sustained manner in PBS (pH 7.4) medium. The combination therapy based on DOX+CD-CUR exhibited higher antitumor activity than monotherapies in vitro. Combined CD-CUR therapy significantly downregulated Bcl-2 expression and upregulated caspase-3 expression, suggesting that DOX combined with CD-CUR treatment has a higher apoptosis-inducing efficiency. The antitumor efficiency of the gel+DOX+CD-CUR strategy was evaluated in K-7 tumor-bearing mice, and this localized combination therapy demonstrated a higher antitumor efficiency compared with free DOX+CD-CUR or single-drug strategies. There were no significant differences in body weight and histological changes of major organs in each group. Therefore, the present combination treatment based on hydrogel may be a feasible approach to co-deliver DOX and CD-CUR to osteosarcoma tumor sites in clinical practice.
Pembrolizumab or Placebo Plus Etoposide and Platinum as First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III KEYNOTE-604 Study.

PURPOSE Pembrolizumab monotherapy has shown antitumor activity in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The randomized, double-blind, phase III KEYNOTE-604 study compared pembrolizumab plus etoposide and platinum (EP) with placebo plus EP for patients with previously untreated extensive-stage (ES) SCLC. METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to pembrolizumab 200 mg once every 3 weeks or saline placebo for up to 35 cycles plus 4 cycles of EP. Primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS; RECIST version 1.1, blinded central review) and overall survival (OS) in the intention-to-treat population. Objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response were secondary end points. Prespecified efficacy boundaries were one-sided P = . 0048 for PFS and . 0128 for OS. RESULTS Of the 453 participants, 228 were randomly assigned to pembrolizumab plus EP and 225 to placebo plus EP. Pembrolizumab plus EP significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.91; P = .0023). Twelve-month PFS estimates were 13.6% with pembrolizumab plus EP and 3.1% with placebo plus EP. Although pembrolizumab plus EP prolonged OS, the significance threshold was not met (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.98; P = .0164). Twenty-four-month OS estimates were 22.5% and 11.2%, respectively. ORR was 70.6% in the pembrolizumab plus EP group and 61.8% in the placebo plus EP group; the estimated proportion of responders remaining in response at 12 months was 19.3% and 3.3%, respectively. In the pembrolizumab plus EP and placebo plus EP groups, respectively, any-cause adverse events were grade 3-4 in 76.7% and 74.9%, grade 5 in 6.3% and 5.4%, and led to discontinuation of any drug in 14.8% and 6.3%. CONCLUSION Pembrolizumab plus EP significantly improved PFS compared with placebo plus EP as first-line therapy for patients with ES-SCLC. No unexpected toxicities were seen with pembrolizumab plus EP. These data support the benefit of pembrolizumab in ES-SCLC.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Vietnam.

Vietnam can be considered a success story in its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of April 27, 2020, the country has had 270 cases (225 recovered), no deaths, and no new cases for the past 10 days (since April 18). On Friday, April 24, two new cases were identified at the airport, but both cases were quarantined at arrival. We provide a few take-home lessons from the Vietnam experience. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 28, 2020: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305751).