Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of SST and Surface Wind Variability during Indian Ocean Dipole Mode Events: COADS Observations*

A study of the detailed spatiotemporal characteristics of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode in SST and surface winds using available observations from 1958 till 1997 is reported. The analysis is used to address several of the controversial issues regarding the IOD. One key finding of this study is that interdecadal fluctuations contribute strongly to tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) SST variability; in SST anomalies (SSTA) interdecadal variance is as strong as interannual variance. Over both the western and eastern TIO, an accelerated warming of SST after the mid-1970s is apparent. The lack of anticorrelation between western and eastern TIO SSTA occurs only in this latter half of the analysis period. In order to examine the hypothesis that the IOD is a part of ENSO evolution in the TIO, the temporal
Depth-Conditioned GAN for Underwater Image Enhancement

Autonomous underwater vehicles perceive environmental information relying on vision. However, the variety of the underwater environment always leads to image distortion. To effectively obtain color-corrected images that guarantee high sharpness and good content recovery, this paper proposes an algorithm based on deep learning networks. Our method is a modified version of generative adversarial networks for underwater image enhancement. Due to the complexity of the underwater environment, the green hue in the image is uneven, and the existing methods cannot recover the uneven green hue image well. Using our model, we generate corresponding depth estimation maps, along with the real underwater images, as inputs to the generator for color correction of monocular underwater images. The depth estimation maps, which are considered as image noise in the input, helps to distinguish the region of interest from the background. Furthermore, we formulate an objective function through several different loss functions, which can evaluate image quality globally. In addition, we performed training on the EUVP dataset, the comparison results show that our method is superior to other methods. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on EUVP, UIEB and UFO-120 datasets, where our model not only significantly improves the quality of the underwater images, but also performs well over the state-of-the-art methods.
Two-Dimensional Space Charge Measurement of Scaled Cable Joint Model and Signal Compensation

This study deals with the measurement of space charge in a scaled cable joint model as a step towards its application to full-scale HVDC cable joints. Recently, the new pulse electroacoustic (PEA) device has been shown to be up to four times more sensitive than the conventional method, making it an ideal device for measuring space charge in the scaled HVDC cable joint model. Based on its high measurement performance, we assembled a prototype consisting of a 16-channel piezoelectric sensor array capable of automatically scanning along the scaled cable joint model, making it easier to measure the space charge distribution quickly and accurately. The 16-channel piezoelectric sensor array, each with a 10 mm aperture, was used to scan the cable joint model specimen from the deflector to the steering electrode region. Moreover, the study will show a precise signal processing, including deconvolution, corrections for acoustic divergence, acoustic attenuation and dispersion, and local pulse electrical stress to determine charge density distribution. Whereas the result will identify the build-up of interfacial charge through the use of dynamic 2-D imaging.
Climate trends in tropical cyclone‐induced wind and precipitation over mainland China

The trends in tropical cyclone (TC) induced wind and precipitation are estimated by applying a quantile regression to station data collected from mainland China. Results indicate that stations located close to the southeast coast show significant decreasing trends in annual windy days, maximum sustained wind and wind gusts, while positive trends in precipitation per TC and maximum 1‐hr precipitation dominate over the south of the Yangtze River. The TC frequency is generally decreased over China, especially over south China. The location of significant trends in precipitation seems to be related to the mountains and coastline in southeast China. The influence of local conditions, such as topography and urbanization, on circulation may contribute to the spatial pattern of trends in influence of TC activity. The different behaviors of trends in wind and precipitation also necessitate a more thorough metrics for assessing the impacts of TCs.
Study on Forecasting of Air Pollution Based on BP Model

As one of the neural network models,BP model,which is a simple and effective algorithm,has been applied widely.BP model is applied by the authors in the field of air pollution forecasting,and a neural network forecasting model of air pollution is set up as well,based on the relationship between air pollutant contents and meteorological factors.The experimental computation results show that the BP model has good quality in terms of forecasting precision and generalization ability.Besides,it provides a new method of urban air pollution forecasting for the information society.
Biostratigraphic remarks on the Caltavuturo Formation (Eocene-Oligocene) cropping out at Portella Colla (Madonie Mts., Sicily)

An outcrop of the Caltavuturo Formation (Eocene-Oligocene) in the Madonie Mts. (Northern Sicily) has been micropaleontologically investigated. Two stratigraphic sections were sampled and studied in rock thin sections. The formation consists of marly clays and several 2-30 cm thick breccia layers, rich in larger foraminifers, and is affected by prominent silicification and bioturbation. The clayey layers are dominated by deep-water agglutinated foraminifera (DWAF) in isolated forms, with rare epibathyal and bathyal hyaline taxa, which disappears at the top of the succession. The collected samples are barren of planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton. Selected larger benthic foraminifers species in the displaced layers register a vertical variation and were analysed to have a biostratigraphical control according to shallow benthic zones (SBZ).
Atlantic Climate Variability and Its Associated Atmospheric Circulation Cells

Abstract Phenomena important for Atlantic climate variability include the Atlantic zonal equatorial mode, the tropical Atlantic meridional gradient mode, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). These climate phenomena and their associated atmospheric circulation cells are described and discussed using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis field and the NCEP sea surface temperature (SST) from January 1950 to December 1999. Atmospheric divergent wind and vertical motion are used for the identification of atmospheric circulation cells. During the peak phase of the Atlantic equatorial mode, the Atlantic Walker circulation weakens and extends eastward, which results in surface westerly wind anomalies in the equatorial western Atlantic. These westerly wind anomalies are partly responsible for warming in the equatorial eastern Atlantic that occurs in the second half of the year. The Atlantic equatorial mode involves a positive ocean–atmosphere feedback associated with the Atlantic Walker circulation, similar to the Pacific.
Invertebrate distribution on a macroalgae/macrophyte mixed mat in flowing water

In flowing waters, aquatic fauna is typically concentrated in the benthos, wood or other fixed substrates. Aquatic plants and filamentous algae may also offer refugia for invertebrates within the water column, due to flow attenuation, relatively stable substrate and provision of food. We quantified invertebrate abundance, size distribution and species composition along linear, flow-oriented gradients of mixed Cladophora sp. and Elodea canadensis mats in Crow Creek, northern Montana (USA). Mats were divided into four sections (0 – 20, 20 – 40, 40 – 60 and 60 – 80 cm, ordered basal to distal) using a customized sampler. Mat biomass, invertebrate richness and abundance were significantly higher in the 20 – 40 cm section, driven primarily by Cladophora biomass. Meanwhile, Elodea biomass was correlated with invertebrate richness in the 60 – 80 cm section. Most taxa, however, were not individually related to Cladophora or Elodea biomass, except for a positive relationship between Elodea biomass and the amphipod Hyalella azteca in the 0 – 20 cm section, and with cladocerans and copepods (meiofauna) in the 60 – 80 cm section. Biomass size spectra showed no difference among mat segments, but were prominently skewed towards smaller size classes (meiofauna), demonstrating that mats allow the presence of the meiofauna well into the water column of flowing waters. Stream epiphytic invertebrate communities may exhibit complex patterns in abundance and composition, potentially following a neutral model of colonization, movement, and loss of individuals along a linear flow-oriented substrate, but with strong interacting effects of substrate biomass, possible interspecific interactions, or distinct microhabitat preferences.
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ICHTHYOPLANKlUN OFF THE OREGON COAST IN SPRING AND SUMMER MONTHS

ABSTRACf Day and night discrete-depth tows were taken off the Oregon coast in spring and summer months to assess the vertical distribution of ichthyoplankton in nearshore waters. Over 1.000 larvae representing 33 taxa of both coastal and offshore ichthyoplankton assemblages were taken; Psctt-ichthys melanostictus was the most abundant coastal species and Lyopsetta exili8 the most abundant offshore species. Larvae were generally most abundant at 10·30 m, near the seasonal thermocline in both dlW and night collec­ tions. Larval abundance in . July was much higher than in April·May collections. Limited evidence for diel vertical migration suggests that Pscttiehthys mclanostictus moves to surface waters at night and Gad1lS macrocephal1ls moves to deeper water at night. No trends of changes in depth distribution were observed with increasing size. Knowledge of the vertical distributions of larval fishes is crucial to full understanding of their biology and to understanding the results of ichthyoplankton surveys (Ahlstrom 1959; Kendall and Naplin 1981). The interaction between vertical distributions and physical processes can have important effects on onshore-offshore distributions of planktonic organisms in upwelling regions such as the coastal northeastern Pacific (Peterson et al. 1979; Parrish et al, 1981; Wroblewski 1982; Rothlisberg et al. 1983). Near-surface distribution, for example, may result in shoreward transport in slicks associated with in­ ternal waves (Shanks 1983). In the coastal region off Oregon, the only information on larval fish vertical distribution is a comparison between abundances of Pamphrys vetulus and Isopsetta isolepis larvae from neuston and oblique bongo net tows (Laroche and Richardson 1979) and one 24-h study with stratified samples taken by bongo nets without opening-closing devices (Richardson and Pearcy 1977). With the ex­ ceptions of the classic study by Ahlstrom (1959) and recent studies by Brewer et al. (1981) and Schlotter­ beck and Connally (1982), little else is known about the vertical distribution of larval fishes in north­ eastern Pacific coastal waters. In this paper, we pre­ sent information on vertical distributions of larval fishes off Oregon.
Primitive and differentiated achondrite meteorites and partial melting in the early Solar System

This study aims to reveal details in the processes by which planetary bodies differentiate by using meteorites as snapshots of partial melting, metal segregation, and recrystallization in the early Solar System. A sample suite of twenty-two undifferentiated chondrite, slightly melted primitive achondrite, and differentiated achondrite meteorites was collected and subjected to petrographic, electron microprobe, whole-rock trace- and major-element, and oxygen isotope analyses. Graphite in a single meteorite, MIL 091004, was subjected to Raman spectroscopy analysis. Because the sample set ranges between undifferentiated and fully differentiated, attempts to make links between different stages in petrologic processes can be attempted. Rare-earth and whole-rock siderophile element abundances can be used to establish basic behaviors in meteorites, especially in the primitive acapulcoites and lodranites. Acapulcoites have chondrite- like chemistries. In lodranites, chemical abundances help establish part of the group as metal cumulates, and others as having experienced metal loss. Recent finds MIL 090405 and MIL 090206 are likely brachinite-like achondrites, and MIL 090405 displays trace-element patterns complimentary to the felsic meteorites GRA 06128/9. The expanding compositional range of brachinite-like achondrites suggests that low degree partial melting was common on small planetesimals in the early Solar System. Petrologic diversity in LEW 88763 may reveal process-related links between meteorite groups. Its existence also points to diverse oxidation environments in the early Solar System. MIL 091004 is a ureilite that contains an intrusive region with an exceptional amount of graphite grains. The meteorite points to re-fertilization processes on the ureilite parent body
Modelling the thermal effluent of a near coast power plant (Sines, Portugal) *

The present work is focused on the dispersion of a thermal effluent, produced by the Sines power plant, Portugal, along coastal waters. This facility intakes a yearly average around 40 m 3 /s of seawater, for the required cooling process, which is subse- quently discharged back to the ocean at a 10 oC increase in temperature. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic local model was nested into a regional model and set up to simulate the transport of the thermal effluent during two distinct periods, August and October 2013, respectively featuring dominant north and south wind. The simulations were performed for both situations, with and without the thermal discharge, where the later provides baseline scenarios. Obtained model results closely followed the existing field data. The temperature increase is shown to decay from 10 oC near the outlet vicinity to 2 oC at a distance of 2 km from the outlet for both scenarios. Even though the main driving force of this phenomenon is the wind, tidal conditions also have additional influence on thermal plume dispersion near the discharge area. In the north wind scenario the plume extends away from the coast while under south wind dominance the plume is contained near the coast, extending towards the inlet. As a consequence there is a positive feedback under south wind dominance, which is caused by the intake of already warm water from the thermal plume itself. Consequently, south wind dominance is the most unfavorable scenario for both coastal envi- ronment and the operational efficiency of the power plant.
Short Note: An intriguing penguin bone from the Late Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula

Penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes) are interesting to both neontologists and palaeontologists (e.g. Davis & Renner 2003). The fossil record of these extremely specialized inhabitants of the Southern Hemisphere extends back to the Palaeocene epoch (Slack et al. 2006). Extinct penguins are known from localities within the range of their modern-day relatives (Fordyce & Jones 1990), and the oldest diverse assemblage comes from the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, the only such locality south of the Antarctic Convergence (Myrcha et al. 2002, Jadwiszczak 2006a). Several collections amounting to over three thousand bones (mainly isolated skeletal elements) have been acquired since 1901 from that formation, and 15 penguin species have been erected so far (Jadwiszczak 2006a, table 1, Tambussi et al. 2006). Only ten of them (grouped into six genera) appear to be taxonomically distinct, and their type specimens are tarsometatarsi (Simpson 1971, Myrcha et al. 2002, Jadwiszczak 2006a, 2006b, p. 296). Individuals from six species belonging to four genera most probably were not larger than those of Aptenodytes forsteri G.R. Gray, 1844, the heaviest and tallest extant penguin (Jadwiszczak 2001, table 3). Interestingly, representatives of all ten species may have co-existed in the West Antarctic during the Late Eocene epoch, just prior to the final break-up of Gondwana (Jadwiszczak 2006a). Presented here is an intriguing partial tarsometatarsus of a small-sized penguin from the Late Eocene of Antarctic Peninsula, probably representing a new genus and species.
Mother-infant interactions in Early Head Start: A person-oriented within ethnic group

Objective . This article identifies patterns of mothering in low-income families from three ethnic groups and explores whether those patterns yield similar associations with child outcomes. Design . A person-centered within-group approach was used to examine observed patterns of mothering among European American (n = 740), African American (n = 604), and Mexican American (n = 322) low-income mothers and their 1-year-olds who were participating in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Cluster analytic techniques were employed using four dimensions of mothering coded from videotapes: supportiveness, directiveness/intrusiveness, negative regard, and detachment. Results . Three similar mothering patterns were seen within each ethnic group: Supportive (48%–52%), Directive (29%–30%), and Detached (14%–19%). Although the patterns of mothering were similar, mean scores on discrete mothering behaviors differed across ethnic groups. A fourth pattern—Harsh—was found among European American and African American mothers and was characterized by high levels of negativity (5%–7%). Associations between mothering patterns and three child outcomes at ages 2 and 3 years (cognitive test score, emotional regulation, and engagement of mother) validated cluster solutions and revealed some variation in prediction across ethnic groups. However, Supportive mothering was optimal in all three ethnic groups. Conclusions . Within-group analyses permitted identification of ethnically meaningful mothering patterns. Across the ethnic groups, within-group structures of mothering were similar with comparable predictive power for child outcomes despite group differences in the magnitudes of mean scores for constructs such as supportiveness and directiveness.
Annual layer counting in the Bølling-Allerød and Younger Dryas sections of the GRIP ice core using deconvoluted isotope data, dust and chemical data

A new dating of the Bølling-Allerød period (Greenland Interstadial event 1) in the GRIP ice core is presented. Newly measured profiles of D and O, as well as existing profiles of Ca , NH  , dust and NO  have been used for the dating. As seasonal variations can be observed in all six components, it was possible to simultaneously count annual layers in the profiles in order to obtain a multi parameter dating. The new data presented in this study includes a total of 36.85 m of stable isotope profiles of 1 cm resolution from 5 sections of the Bølling-Allerød period in the GRIP ice core. The annual layer counting suggests a duration of the complete Bølling-Allerød period, as revealed in the GRIP ice core, of 1627 52 years. This estimate contrasts an earlier finding from the same GRIP ice core,
Oxo-magnesio-hastingsite, NaCa2(Mg2Fe33+)(Al2Si6)O22O2, a new anhydrous amphibole from the Deeti volcanic cone, Gregory rift, northern Tanzania

Abstract Oxo-magnesio-hastingsite, ideally NaCa2(Mg2Fe33+)(Al2Si6)O22O2, is a new anhydrous amphibole from the Deeti volcanic cone in the Gregory rift (northern Tanzania). The mineral occurs as megacrysts up to 12 cm in size in crystal-rich tuff. Oxo-magnesio-hastingsite is brown with a vitreous lustre and has a perfect {110} cleavage. The measured density is 3.19(1) g/cm3. Ferri-kaersutite is biaxial (-), α = 1.706 (2), β = 1.715(2), γ = 1.720(2) (Na light, 589 nm). 2V (calc.) = 73º. Dispersion: r > v, weak; orientation: Y = b; Z^c = 8º; pleochroism: strong, Z: dark brown, Y: brown, X: light brown. The average chemical formula of the mineral derived from electron microprobe analyses, Mössbauer spectroscopy and direct water determination is (Na0.67K0.33)∑1.00(Ca1.87Na0.14Mn0.01)∑2.02(Mg3.27Fe1.253+Ti0.44Al0.08)∑5.04(Al1.80Si6.20O22)(O1.40OH0.60)∑2.00. It has monoclinic symmetry, space group C2/m and unit-cell parameters a = 9.8837(3), b = 18.0662(6), c = 5.3107(2) Å, β = 105.278(1)°, V = 914.77(5) Å3, Z = 2. The five strongest powder-diffraction lines [d in Å, (I/Io), hkl] are: 3.383 (62) (131), 2.708 (97) (151), 2.555 (100) (2̄02), 2.349 (29) (3̄51) and 2.162 (36) (261). The isotopic composition of H and O, as well as the concentration of trace elements in oxo-magnesio-hastingsite suggest its formation from a melt originated from a mantle source metasomatized by slab-derived fluids.
Self-Challenge and Flexibility: Its Impact on Entrepreneurial Intention

: This research article examines self-challenge and flexibility, and their impact on entrepreneurial intention mediated by self-recognition and self-efficacy. The research was conducted on students from the Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Malang. They have obtained Entrepreneurship Education programs held on campus. There was a total of 113 students participating in this study. The analysis was carried out with a T-Test to see the differences between male and female students in the variables studied, and path analysis to examine the effect between variables. The results of the study revealed that there was no difference between male and female students, furthermore, there was no direct effect of self-challenge and flexibility variables on entrepreneurial intention.
The influence of core crystallization and mantle overturn on ancient dynamos

This dissertation contributes to three unresolved problems in planetary science regarding potential dynamo action in asteroids, the Moon, and Mars. First, we examine the physical processes active during asteroid core crystallization. We model inward crystallization as well as crystal settling and the compaction of a possible cumulate inner core. We then explore the potential strength and longevity of a dynamo in the planetesimal's early history. We find that cumulate inner core solidification would be capable of sustaining a dynamo during the bulk of solidification, but that there may be insufficient power for a dynamo in an inward dendritic solidification scenario. Next, we explore the origin of the magnetic field recorded in the lunar crust. Evidence suggests a core dynamo existed from 4.2 to 3.56 Ga, and possibly until near present day. Seismic measurements indicate the lunar core is partially solidified. Latent heat and concentrated light elements at the interface of a solidifying inner core could drive outer core convection. We demonstrate that core solidification can account for the observationally inferred duration of the lunar dynamo. However, it cannot explain the magnitude of the recorded magnetic field. A dynamo may also stop and restart due to heat flow fluctuations as convective vigor falls below the threshold for dynamo action. Finally, we examine the early history of the Martian mantle. The solidification of a magma ocean may result in an unstable density profile prone to overturn. A long-wavelength instability could play a role in the stark contrasts observed between the northern and southern hemispheres of Mars, including the dichotomy in crustal thickness and magnetization. However, we find that cumulate overturn in the Martian scenario would likely have occurred with short wavelengths. In an isoviscous model, thermal convection ensues rapidly after overturn; however, when viscosity is temperature dependent, compositional stability suppresses the onset of convection. Thesis Supervisor: Linda Elkins-Tanton Title: Director, School for Earth and Space Exploration