Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community succession of the grapevine fungal microbiome in the annual growth cycle

Microbial ecology is an integral component of wine production. From the vineyard to the winery, microbial activity influences grapevine health and productivity, conversion of sugar to ethanol during fermentation, wine aroma production, wine quality and distinctiveness. Fungi in the vineyard ecosystem are not well described. Here, we characterised the spatial and temporal dynamics of fungal communities associated with the grapevine (grapes, flowers, leaves, and roots) and soils over an annual growth cycle in two vineyards to investigate the influences of grape habitat, plant developmental stage (flowering, fruit set, veraison, and harvest), vineyards, and climatic conditions. Fungi were influenced by both the grapevine habitat and plant development stage. The core microbiome was prioritised over space and time, and the identified core members drove seasonal community succession. The development stage of veraison, where the grapes undergo a dramatic change in metabolism and start accumulating sugar, displayed a distinct shift in fungal communities. Co-occurrence networks showed strong correlations between the plant microbiome, the soil microbiome, and weather indices. Our study describes the complex ecological dynamics that occur in microbial assemblages over a growing season and highlight the importance of core community succession in vineyards. In addition to enriching our understanding of how plants and microbes interact, these findings may provide insights to craft wine regional distinctiveness and cope with global climate change.
Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic represents the greatest international biopsychosocial emergency the world has faced for a century, and psychological science has an integral role to offer in helping societies recover. The aim of this paper is to set out the shorter‐ and longer‐term priorities for research in psychological science that will (a) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline; (b) enable researchers to focus their resources on gaps in knowledge; and (c) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about future research priorities in order to best meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the pandemic. The research priorities were informed by an expert panel convened by the British Psychological Society that reflects the breadth of the discipline; a wider advisory panel with international input; and a survey of 539 psychological scientists conducted early in May 2020. The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. We call on psychological scientists to work collaboratively with other scientists and stakeholders, establish consortia, and develop innovative research methods while maintaining high‐quality, open, and rigorous research standards.
Clinical and Immunohistochemical epithelial profile of non-healing chronic traumatic ulcers

Background Chronic wounds were previously related to cancer. Chronic Traumatic Ulcers (CTU) are lesions caused by chronic mechanical irritation (CMI) frequently diagnosed in Oral Medicine. Although these conditions may reflect a benign nature, some authors have proposed its relationship with malignant transformation. Currently, there are scarce investigations that evaluate biomarkers within CTU. The aim of this study was to evaluate cell differentiation and proliferation biomarkers patterns of CTU and OSCC through recognized markers such as cytokeratin 19 and Ki67 and correlate it with clinical features of both groups of patients. Material and Methods A Cross-sectional study of adult patients (n=79), both sexes, attended at Oral Medicine Department, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. The patients were classified into two groups: CTU (n=41), and OSCC (n=38). A subset of specimens were immunolabeled with Ki67 and Ck19. Results The population consisted of 51.9% male and 48.1% female, with an average of 57.0 ± 13.9. years (OSCC group) and 60.9 ± 14.9 years (CTU group). OSCC group presented higher scores for both biomarkers (Ki67 and Ck19), but only there were differences statistically significant for Ki67 (p=0.032). 25% of non-healing CTU were positive with medium scores of Ck19 and showed an immunohistochemical profile similar to OSCC. The lateral tongue was the most frequent site in both groups. Conclusions The altered immunohistochemical pattern found in many specimens of CTU was also observed in OSCC. The tongue border presents physiological conditions that could offer a suitable environment for the development of neoplastic events associated with CMI. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms that could link oral non-healing ulcers with early malignant changes. Key words:Ck19, Ki67, Oral Cancer, Chronic Traumatic Ulcer, Chronic Mechanical Irritation.
Tree regeneration in a subtropical humid forest: effect of cultural disturbance on seed production, dispersal and germination.

The subtropical humid forest of Meghalaya. India, has been exposed to various kinds of cultural disturbance of varying magnitude during recent years. In order to analyse the effect of disturbance on natural regeneration of a few dominant and commercially important tree species, viz. Schima khasiana and the oaks Lithocarpus dealbatus and Quercus griffithii, a study on seed production, dispersal and germination was carried out in three stands, differing in degree of disturbance, during the years 1988-91. Seed production in L. dealbatus and S. khasiana varied significantly between the three stands and increased with increasing disturbance. It increased with increase in d.b. h. of the trees in all three species. Heavy seeding occurred in different years in different species. Lithocarpus and Quercus spp. produced heavier seeds in the disturbed stands than in the undisturbed stand. The number of seeds dispersed from the trees decreased with distance from the parent tree. The dispersal distance for Lithocarpus and Quercus was greater in the disturbed stands than in the undisturbed stand. However, the dispersal distance in the forest was very low irrespective of degree of disturbance. Seed predation decreased and germination increased with distance from the parent tree in all three stands, suggesting that distance-related seed predation was not influenced by disturbance. In an experiment with four treatments the greatest germination of seeds was observed on the moss layer, irrespective of species and forest stand. The presence of litter inhibited germination of seeds to a great extent in all the species. Germination of Lithocarpus and Quercus was better in the undisturbed stand than in the disturbed stands, while that of Schima khasiana was better in the disturbed stands. An analysis of the fate of seed populations of the oak species revealed that loss of seeds caused through consumption by rodents and insects and transportation by various agents accounted for more than 98% of the seeds, while fewer than 1% of them germinated. The findings of the study are discussed in relation to their potential application in management of the disturbed subtropical forests.
Electro‐acupuncture alleviates adolescent cocaine exposure‐enhanced anxiety‐like behaviors in adult mice by attenuating the activities of PV interneurons in PrL

We recently found that adolescent cocaine exposure (ACE) resulted in an enhancement of the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) of adult mice. Here, we aim to further investigate the role of GABAergic transmission, especially parvalbumin (PV) interneurons within PrL in the development of ACE‐induced anxiety‐like behavior, and to assess whether and how electro‐acupuncture (EA) therapeutically manage the ACE‐induced abnormal behaviors in adulthood. ACE mice exhibited the enhanced anxiety‐like behaviors in their adulthood, accompanied by increased GABAergic transmission and PV interneurons in PrL. Chemogenetic blocking PV interneurons in PrL alleviated ACE‐enhanced anxiety‐like behaviors in mice. Importantly, 37‐day EA treatments (mixture of 2 Hz/100 Hz, 1 mA, 30 minutes once a day) at the acupoints of Yintang (GV29) and Baihui (GV20) also alleviated ACE‐induced anxiety‐like behaviors, and rescued ACE‐impaired GABAergic neurotransmitter system and PV interneurons in PrL. In parallel, EA treatments further suppressed the activities of pyramidal neurons in PrL, suggesting that EA treatments seem to perform it beneficial effects on the ACE‐induced abnormal emotional behaviors by “calming down” the whole PrL. Collectively, these findings revealed that hyper‐function of GABAergic transmission, especially mediating by PV interneurons in PrL may be key etiology underlying ACE‐induced anxiety‐like behaviors. At least by normalizing the function of GABAergic and PV interneurons, EA may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for managing adolescent substance use‐related emotional disorders.
Estimating daily intakes of manganese due to breast milk, infant formulas, or young child nutritional beverages in the United States and France: Comparison to sufficiency and toxicity thresholds

Background Although manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient, recent research has revealed that excess Mn in early childhood may have adverse effects on neurodevelopment. Methods We estimated daily total Mn intake due to breast milk at average body weights by reviewing reported concentrations of breast milk Mn and measurements of body weight and breast milk intake at 3 weeks, 4.25 months, 7 months, and 18 months. We compared these figures to the Mn content measured in 44 infant, follow-up, and toddler formulas purchased in the United States and France. We calculated Mn content of formula products made with ultra-trace elemental analysis grade water (0 µg Mn/L) and with water containing 250 µg Mn/L, a concentration which is relatively high but less than the World Health Organization Health-based value of 400 µg Mn/L or the United States Environmental Protection Agency Health Advisory of 350 µg Mn/L. Results Estimated mean daily Mn intake from breast milk ranged from 1.2 µg Mn/kg/day (3 weeks) to 0.16 µg Mn/kg/day (18 months), with the highest intakes at the youngest age stage we considered, 3 weeks. Estimated daily Mn intake from formula products reconstituted with 0 µg Mn/L water ranged from 130 µg Mn/kg/day (3 weeks) to 4.8 µg Mn/kg/day (18 months) with the highest intakes at 3 weeks. Formula products provided 28 to 520 times greater than the mean daily intake of Mn from breast milk for the 4 age stages that we considered. Estimated daily Mn intake from formula products reconstituted with water containing 250 µg Mn/L ranged from 12 µg Mn/kg/day to 170 µg Mn/kg/day, which exceeds the United States Environmental Protection Agency Reference Dose of 140 µg Mn/kg/day for adults. Conclusions Mn deficiency is highly unlikely with exclusive breast milk or infant formula feeding, but established tolerable daily intake levels for Mn may be surpassed by some of these products when following labeled instructions. Highlights Mn deficiency is unlikely with exclusive breast milk or infant formula feeding. Breast milk Mn mean intake is 1.2 µg/kg/day (3 weeks)-0.16 µg/kg/day (18 months). Formula Mn intake range is 130 µg/kg/day (3 weeks)-4.8 µg/kg/day (18 months). Formula products reconstituted with 250 µg Mn/L water may exceed 140 µg Mn/kg/day. Formula products may surpass regulatory tolerable daily intake levels for Mn.
Late-life depression in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons from the Ibadan Study of Ageing

Abstract The population surviving to old age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is increasing rapidly in consonance with the rest of the world. Nevertheless, the sub-region offers unique challenges to survival across the lifespan. The determinants of health and ageing in SSA are thus likely different from those in higher income countries. The need to explore pressing epidemiological and health service challenges of older people living in SSA in the context of multiple social changes and rapid ageing of the population provided the rationale for the Ibadan Study of Ageing (ISA). This article appraises ISA findings in relation to late-life depression. It concludes that healthcare policies in SSA need to deliberately prioritise the treatment of depression and other mental health problems in late-life in order to stem the neglect of older people's mental health in the region.
Role of the extracytoplasmic‐function σ Factor σH in Mycobacterium tuberculosis global gene expression

Like other bacterial species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has multiple sigma (σ) factors encoded in its genome. In previously published work, we and others have shown that mutations in some of these transcriptional activators render M. tuberculosis sensitive to various environmental stresses and, in some cases, cause attenuated virulence phenotypes. In this paper, we characterize a M. tuberculosis mutant lacking the ECF σ factor σH. This mutant was more sensitive than the wild type to heat shock and to various oxidative stresses, but did not show de‐creased ability to grow inside macrophages. Using quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR and microarray technology, we have started to define the σH regulon and its involvement in the global regulation of the response to heat shock and the thiol‐specific oxidizing agent diamide. We identified 48 genes whose expression increased after exposure of M. tuberculosis to diamide; out of these, 39 were not induced in the sigH mutant, showing their direct or indirect dependence on σH. Some of these genes encode proteins whose predicted function is related to thiol metabolism, such as thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and enzymes involved in cysteine and molybdopterine biosynthesis. Other genes under σH control encode transcriptional regulators such as sigB, sigE, and sigH itself.
Prior Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and Thrombolysis in Acute Stroke

Prior Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and Thrombolysis in Acute Stroke Valerian L. Altersberger, MD , Rolf Sturzenegger, MD, Silja Räty, MD, Christian Hametner, MD, Jan F. Scheitz, MD, Solène Moulin, MD, PhD, Sophie A. van den Berg, MD, Andrea Zini, MD, Stefania Nannoni, MD, Mirjam R. Heldner, MD , Dejana R. Jovanovic, MD, PhD, Nicolas Martinez-Majander, MD, Marjaana Tiainen, MD, PhD, Kati Valkonen, MD, Anne Berberich, MD, Hebun Erdur, MD, Charlotte Cordonnier, MD, PhD , Nils Peters, MD, Kiran M. Gopisingh, MD, Guido Bigliardi, MD, Davide Strambo, MD, Gian M. De Marchis, MD, MSc , George Ntaios, MD, MSc, PhD, Carlo W. Cereda, MD , Susanne Wegener, MD , Georg Kägi, MD, Alessandro Pezzini, MD, Visnja Padjen, MD, PhD, Marcel Arnold, MD, Patrik Michel, MD, Laura Vandelli, MD, Paul J. Nederkoorn, MD, PhD, Didier Leys, MD, PhD , Christian H. Nolte, MD, Peter A. Ringleb, MD, Sami Curtze, MD, PhD , Stefan T. Engelter, MD, Henrik Gensicke, MD, and Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaborators
Negative emotional state modulates visual working memory in the late consolidation phase

ABSTRACT Although a considerable literature has grown up around the interactions between emotional state and visual working memory (VWM) performance, the mechanism underlying the impact of the negative emotional state on VWM remains unclear. The present study aimed to test whether the influence of emotional state is related to the early phase or late phase of VWM consolidation process. Across three experiments, we found that the negative emotional state did not affect VWM performance when the presentation time of stimuli was short. However, when the presentation time was long, the negative emotional state increased the VWM precision and reduced the VWM number. According to the two-phase model proposed by Ye et al. (2017. A two-phase model of resource allocation in visual working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43(10), 1557–1566. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000376), the results suggested that negative emotional state could affect the late phase of resource allocation in VWM consolidation process, but it has no impact on the early consolidation phase. The findings from this study make important contributions to the current literature regarding the emotional modulation of VWM.
Formaldehyde toxicity reports from in vitro and in vivo studies: a review and updated data

Abstract Formaldehyde (FA) is a xenobiotic air pollutant and its universal distribution causes a widespread exposure to humans. This review aimed to bring updated information concerning FA toxicity in humans and animals based on in vitro and in vivo studies from 2013 to 2019. Researches were carried out in Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases to determine the effects of FA exposure on inflammation, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in experimental studies with animals (rats and mice) and humans. Besides, in vitro studies assessing FA cytotoxicity focusing on cell viability and apoptosis in different cell line cultures were reviewed. Studies with humans gave evidence regarding significant deleterious effects on health associated to chronic FA occupational exposure. Evaluations carried out in experimental studies showed toxic effects on different organs as lung, upper respiratory tract, bone marrow and brain as well as in cells. In summary, this study demonstrates that knowing the mechanisms underlying FA toxicity is essential to understand the deleterious effects that this xenobiotic causes on biological systems.
To covet what we see: Autistic traits modulate the relationship between looking and choosing

Behavioral studies indicate that autistic traits predict reduced gaze toward social stimuli. Moreover, experiments that require participants to make an explicit choice between stimuli indicate reduced preferences for social stimuli in individuals with high autistic traits. These observations, in combination, fit with the idea that gaze is actively involved in the formation of choices—gaze toward a stimulus increases the likelihood of its subsequent selection. Although these aspects of gaze and choice behavior have been well characterized separately, it remains unclear how autistic traits affect the relationship between gaze and socially relevant choices. In a choice‐based eye‐tracking paradigm, we observed that autistic traits predict less frequent and delayed selection of social stimuli. Critically, eye tracking revealed novel phenomena underlying these choice behaviors: first, the relationship between gaze and choice behavior was weaker in individuals with high autistic traits—an increase in gaze to a stimulus was associated with a smaller increase in choice probability. Second, time‐series analyses revealed that gaze became predictive of choice behaviors at longer latencies in observers with high autistic traits. This dissociation between gaze and choice in individuals with high autistic traits may reflect wider atypicalities in value coding. Such atypicalities may predict the development of atypical social behaviors associated with the autism phenotype.
SARS-CoV-2: Should We Be Concerned about the Nervous System?

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic has proved to be an enormous challenge to the health of the world population with tremendous consequences for the world economy. New knowledge about COVID-19 is being acquired continuously. Although the main manifestation of COVID-19 is SARS, dysfunction in other organs has been described in the last months. Neurological aspects of COVID-19 are still an underreported subject. However, a plethora of previous studies has shown that human CoVs might be neurotropic, neuroinvasive, and neurovirulent, highlighting the importance of this knowledge by physicians. Besides, several neurological manifestations had been described as complications of two other previous outbreaks of CoV diseases (SARS ad Middle East respiratory syndrome). Therefore, we should be watchful, searching for early evidence of neurological insults and promoting clinical protocols to investigate them. Our objectives are to review the potential neuropathogenesis of this new CoV and the neurological profile of COVID-19 patients described so far.
Establishing the Need to Broaden Bioengineering Research Exposure and Research Participation in Mechanical Engineering and Its Positive Impacts On Student Recruitment, Diversification, Retention and Graduation: Findings From the UMBC ME S-STEM Schola.

The objectives of this study were to first evaluate the current status of exposure to bioengineering research in community college students and UMBC students, and then to estimate correlations between additional research activities sponsored by the ME S-STEM program and improvement in student enrollment/diversification, retention and graduation. A survey was designed to understand the exposure of community college and UMBC students to research and their evaluation of the research components included in recruitment and curriculum activities. Data from the ME undergraduate academic records at UMBC were used to evaluate whether those research activities sponsored by the ME S-STEM program are correlated to increases in student enrollments and diversification (including transfer from local community colleges), and improvements in student retention and graduation rates since 2010. Results show that exposure to research measured by attending a research seminar was low for the participants. The survey results indicate the positive impact of the scholarship programs at UMBC on the research exposure and research experience; and the impact is more evident in students who originally transferred from a community college. The large increase in recruited female and community college students in the past 10 years indicated that the research-related activities of the ME S-STEM program played an instrumental role in those increases. With more research-related activities implemented, the ME S-STEM program has achieved retention and graduation rates much higher than that in the ME undergraduate program, as well a higher percentage of students enrolled in graduate school.