Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PPA_A_315878 1775..1784

Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Purpose: To assess the burden of unavailable drugs cost to patients admitted to TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital’s internal medicine ward. Costs of medications obtained inside and outside the pharmacy and other burdens associated with drugs’ unavailability are also estimated and explored. Patient and Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from November 9 to November 23, 2020. Quantitative data on medication costs were collected from patients admitted to TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital internal medicine ward B8. Qualitative information was collected from patients, caregivers, and health care professionals through interviews to assess the burdens of unavailability of pharmaceuticals on patients and the health care system. Results: A total of 32 patients were enrolled in the study. Participants’ age ranged from 14 to 92. Eighteen (56.25%) paid in cash for medications bought within the hospital pharmacy, while the remaining 14 (43.75%) were treated for free. A total of 68 medicines were prescribed during the study period. Of this, 33 (48.53%) medicines were not available in the hospital pharmacy. The total costs of patients were 78.07$ and 1530.84$ when purchased from inside and outside the hospital pharmacy, respectively. The average price of medications per patient ranged from 0.025 to 8.41$ inside the hospital pharmacy, where the average cost per patient outside the hospital pharmacy ran from 0.128 to 54.67$. For the qualitative part, four patients and/or caregivers and five health care professionals were interviewed, and three key themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (i) awareness of the availability of medication, (ii) management of the burden of stock out, and (iii) impact of the stock out. Conclusion: The study came up with a result that the hospital pharmacy has high unavailability of medication. Patients complain about unwanted and unreasonably expenditure to purchase pharmaceuticals from outside pharmacies and associated delayed treatment.
AUTOMATED CUSTOMER OPINION MINING USING LEXICON BASED APPROACH SENTIMENT ANALYSIS

: In our daily lives, we take our friends opinions and sometimes influenced by them in our decision making process. Any kind of organization usually makes use of suggestion box to ascertain how its stakeholders feel about their services, but few people make use of it. More people are using internet on a daily basis, the researchers developed an internet based system to enable stakeholders to input their opinions. Sentiment analysis has been used to evaluate the stakeholder’s comments. Vadersharp was used as the basis for opinions, which is a common lexicon that contains data that have the same semantic meaning or sense across different domains. The opinions are analyzed and classified into positive, negative or neutral sentiment. Sentiment analysis computationally analyses the public emotions and attitude towards a particular subject. It is useful in monitoring business operations as it allows decision makers to gain an insight of the public opinion behind certain topics.
On Frank-Wolfe Adversarial Training

We develop a theoretical framework for adversarial training (AT) with FW optimization (FW-AT) that reveals a geometric connection between the loss landscape and the distortion of (cid:96) ∞ FW attacks (the attack’s (cid:96) 2 norm). Speciﬁcally, we show that high distortion of FW attacks is equivalent to low variation along the attack path. It is then experimentally demonstrated on various deep neural network architectures that (cid:96) ∞ attacks against robust models achieve near maximal (cid:96) 2 distortion. To demonstrate the utility of our theoretical framework we develop FW-AT-Adapt, a novel adversarial training algorithm which uses simple distortion measure to adapt the number of attack steps during training. FW-AT-Adapt provides strong robustness against white-and black-box attacks at lower training times than PGD-AT.
Acute stress, friend or foe: An investigation of free recall ability for incongruent items when placed under acute psychological stress

Experiencing stress during a working week is typical for most of the population, but the effects of acute stress on individuals is less clear cut, particularly in relation to memory ability. Research suggests that acute psychological stress can enhance memory ability, due to increased neuroplasticity following stress and stress hormones diverting attention to information congruent to the stressful environment . The current research investigated the effects of stress on free recall ability when the stimuli are incongruent to the stressor. Forty-four Psychology undergraduates were exposed to both a stress condition (Modified Trier Social Stress Test-free speech on Social Psychology) and a control condition (Spot the difference task) while remembering neutral incongruent stimuli. Participants experienced acute psychological stress from being told they would have to complete a stressful or non-stressful task. After this exposure, participants were tasked with remembering stimuli on a PowerPoint Presentation. Their memory ability was then assessed by their free recall of correct items; participants then completed the stressful or non-stressful task and gave a Likert judgement to rate the stressfulness of the task. Both conditions were experienced one week apart. The results indicated there was not a significant effect of stress enhancing free recall ability for incongruent stimuli, despite participants reporting the stress condition as significantly more stressful than the non-stress condition. Implications of future research in relation to stress improving memory, and familiarity with the stressor are discussed.
Who stays and who leaves? Immigration and the selection of natives across locations

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Who stays and who leaves? Immigration and the selection of natives across locations Javier Ortega, Gregory Verdugo
Temperature effects on the infrared spectrum of molecules in planetary nebulae

Abstract In this work, we utilize a method based on Wang-Landau Monte Carlo sampling for studying the temperature effects of astrophysically relavant molecules. Anharmonic effects, e.g., resonances, overtones, and combination bands, are fully incoportated in this method. The calculated infrared (IR) spectra are consistent with the experimental data measured by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
B-scaling: A novel nonparametric data fusion method

Very often for the same scientific question, there may exist different techniques or experiments that measure the same numerical quantity. Historically, various methods have been developed to exploit the information within each type of data independently. However, statistical data fusion methods that could effectively integrate multi-source data under a unified framework are lacking. In this paper, we propose a novel data fusion method, called B-scaling, for integrating multi-source data. Consider $K$ measurements that are generated from different sources but measure the same latent variable through some linear or nonlinear ways. We seek to find a representation of the latent variable, named B-mean, which captures the common information contained in the $K$ measurements while takes into account the nonlinear mappings between them and the latent variable. We also establish the asymptotic property of the B-mean and apply the proposed method to integrate multiple histone modifications and DNA methylation levels for characterizing epigenomic landscape. Both numerical and empirical studies show that B-scaling is a powerful data fusion method with broad applications.
Housing Assets and Household Risk Financial Assets

Review Article Housing value and family risk financial asset investment have received more and more attention from academia in recent years. This article uses the empirical findings of the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in 2015 to find that housing assets will not only significantly increase household participation in risky financial assets, but also increase household investment in risky financial assets. Furthermore, using the value-added of housing wealth as an instrumental variable to conduct research, it is found that the effect of housing wealth still exists significantly. The above research has important theoretical and practical significance for optimizing the allocation of household assets, improving the quality of people’s lives, and improving the level of capital market in the context of rising housing prices.
CMAR_A_265828 10411..10421

1Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People’s Republic of China; 2China Metallurgical Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400044, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China; 4Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China; 5Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China; 6Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People’s Republic of China
Markov-Modulated Hawkes Processes for Sporadic and Bursty Social Interactions

Modeling event dynamics is central to many disciplines. Patterns in observed social interaction events can be commonly modeled using point processes. Such social interaction event data often exhibits self-exciting, heterogeneous and sporadic trends, which is challenging for conventional models. It is reasonable to assume that there exists a hidden state process that drives diﬀerent event dynamics at diﬀerent states. In this paper, we propose a Markov Modulated Hawkes Process (MMHP) model for learning such a mixture of social interaction event dynamics and develop corresponding inference algorithms. Numerical experiments using synthetic data demonstrate that MMHP with the proposed estimation algorithms consistently recover the true hidden state process in simulations, while email data from a large university and data from an animal behavior study show that the procedure captures distinct event dynamics that reveal interesting social structures in the real data
Priorities and Effectiveness in Wildfire Management: Evidence from Fire Spread in the Western United States

Costs of fighting wildfires have increased substantially over the past several decades. Yet surprisingly little is known about the effectiveness of wildfire suppression or how wildfire incident managers prioritize resources threatened within a wildfire incident. We investigate the determinants of wildfire suppression effort using a novel empirical strategy comparing over 1,400 historical fire perimeters to the spatial distribution of assets at risk. We find that fires are more likely to stop spreading as they approach homes, particularly when homes are of greater value. This effect persists after controlling for physical factors (fuels, landscape, and weather) using a state-of-the-art wildfire simulation tool. As well, the probability that spread will be halted is affected by characteristics of homes 1–2 kilometers beyond a fire’s edge. Overall, we find that suppression efforts can substantively affect wildfire outcomes but that some groups may benefit more from wildfire management than others.
Cardiovascular determinants of renal dysfunction among children and adolescents in South West Nigeria

Background: New evidences reveal significant association of cardiovascular risk factors to development of chronic kidney disease among children and adolescents but there is paucity of data from Africa. Objectives: We examined the association of cardiovascular risk factors to renal dysfunction among Nigerian pediatric subjects. Materials and method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of pediatrics aged 2 to 17 years. Blood pressure, body mass index, serum lipids and creatinine were determined. Their glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the revised Schwartz equation. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20. Test of association was by Chi square at P <0.05. Results: We studied 114 children and adolescents. There were 55 (48.2%) males and 59 (51.8%) females with mean age of 8.99±4.26 years. There were 68 (53.5%) children and 53 adolescents (46.5%). Four (3.5%) subjects had proteinuria ≥1+. Renal dysfunction (eGFR <60ml/ min/1.73m) was found among 9 (7.9%) participants. Renal dysfunction was higher among children than adolescents (13.1% v 1.9%) (p = 0.027). The presence and clustering of risk factors were higher among subjects with renal dysfunction (p value 0.466, 95% CI 0.19-28.3). Low HDL-c (44.4%), prehypertension (22.2%) and overweight (22.2%) were the most prevalent risk factors among those with renal dysfunction. Only age demonstrated relationship to renal dysfunction in terms of mean difference (p value 0.007, 95% CI, 1.125-6.818). Conclusions: The prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is higher among children with renal dysfunction. Age showed association to renal dysfunction. Dyslipidemia and high body mass have propensity to influence the development of pediatric CKD.
Physicochemical and metal quality evaluation of the ground water of the chief town of Sinthiou Malme Commune in Tambacounda (Senegal)

In underdeveloped countries, particularly, medium rural areas, the subsoil waters constitute an invaluable resource. However, they remain fragile and vulnerable because of demographic pressure, uncontrolled exploitation of discharges, and absence of adequate cleansing system and husbandries. This present work aims to evaluate the physicochemical and metal quality waters of 10 wells collecting the ground water of Sinthiou Maleme commune. Results obtained by the spectrophotometric method showed that the waters are moderately mineralized, soft and acidic. Their average contents of salts (fluorides, chlorides and sulphates), minerals (calcium and magnesium) and nitrogen (ammonium, nitrites and nitrates) vary but remain in the optimum level recommended by WHO for drinking. It also revealed the presence and state of certain trace elements such as iron, copper and zinc. However, the parameters such as chromium hexavalent and phosphates ions respectively make these subsoil waters non- drinkable water. Thus, the development of a method for the efficient removal of hexavalent chromium in these waters is imperative. Key words: Underground, wells, spectrophotometric, chromium hexavalent, phosphates, trace elements.
CMAR_A_261976 9339..9349

1Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People’s Republic of China Background: Therapy for patients with liver cancer in the advanced stage remains a great challenge, and there are very few approved treatments. Although accumulated evidence demonstrates the importance of lncRNAs in liver cancer, data on the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein (EBLN3P) have been rarely reported. Materials and Methods: The bioinformatics prediction software ENCORI was used to predict the putative binding sites of EBLN3P. The regulatory roles of EBLN3P and miR-1443p in cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability were verified by the Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The interactions among EBLN3P, miR-144-3p and DOCK4 were explored by a luciferase assay and Western blotting. The expression of EBLN3P and microRNA (miR)-144-3p in liver cancer tissues was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the expression of dedicator of cytokinesis 4 (DOCK4) was quantified by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The present results revealed that overexpression of EBLN3P or knockdown of miR144-3p promoted liver cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase assay demonstrated that EBLN3P directly interacts with miR-1443p to attenuate miR-144-3p binding to the 3ʹ-untranslated region of DOCK4. Furthermore, the mechanistic investigations showing that the miR-144-3p/DOCK4 regulatory loop was activated by knockdown of miR-144-3p or overexpression of DOCK4 validate the roles of EBLN3P in promoting liver cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Elevated levels of EBLN3P and DOCK4 and decreased miR-144-3p expression were observed in both liver cancer tissues and cell lines. Conclusion: The present study is the first to demonstrate that EBLN3P may act as a ceRNA to modulate DOCK4 expression by competitively sponging miR-144-3p, leading to the regulation of liver cancer progression, which provides new insights for liver cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Cell fusion as a link between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, COVID-19 complications, and vaccine side effects

A distinctive feature of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is its ability to efficiently fuse cells, thus producing syncytia found in COVID-19 patients. This commentary proposes how this ability enables spike to cause COVID-19 complications as well as side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, and suggests how these effects can be prevented.
OPTH_A_271820 2935..2942

1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; 2Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; 3Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Purpose: To analyze the demographic patterns, clinical characteristics and etiologies of acute optic neuritis (ON). Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with acute ON who presented to a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, between January 2010 and March 2020. The demographic details, clinical characteristics and etiologies of acute ON were evaluated. Results: A total of 171 patients were included in the study (78.4% [n=134] female; mean age 45 years [standard deviation 15.4 years]; 32.2% [n=55] bilateral involvement). The most common type of acute ON was idiopathic (51.5%), followed by neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD, 30.9%), other autoimmune disorders (9.9%), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD, 5.3%), multiple sclerosis (MS, 1.8%), and postinfection (0.6%). In the other autoimmune disorders group, 2 patients developed systemic lupus erythematosus (1.2%), 2 Sjogren’s syndrome (1.2%), 1 RA (0.6%), 1 anti-NMDAR (0.6%), 3 anti-Jo1 (1.8%), 2 c-ANCA (1.2%), 1 anti-centromere (0.6%), and 5 nonspecific autoimmune disorders (2.9%). In the idiopathic group, 38.6% developed single isolated ON, 1.8% relapsing isolated ON and 11.1% chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy. Conclusion: The most common form of acute ON in this study, similar to other Asian countries, was idiopathic. Idiopathic-ON shared some phenotypes with NMOSD and MOGAD. We also reported patients with anti-NMDAR, anti-Jo1, c-ANCA and anti-centromere disorders. Improvements in antibody detection have widened the range of possible etiologies of acute ON. The study highlighted the important role of antibodies in creating effective treatments in the future.
Responses – part 1 ( Reviewer 1 ) :

In this paper, we present aerosol retrieval results from the ACEPOL (Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar) campaign, which was a joint initiative between NASA and SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research. The campaign took place in October-November 2017 over the western part of the United States. During ACEPOL six different instruments were deployed on the NASA ER-2 high altitude aircraft, including four Multi-Angle Polarimeters (MAPs): SPEX airborne, the 5 Airborne Hyper Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (AirHARP), the Airborne Multi-angle SpectroPolarimeter Imager (AirMSPI), and the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). Also, two lidars participated: the High Spectral Resolution Lidar -2 (HSRL-2) and the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL). Flights were conducted mainly for scenes with low aerosol load over land but also some cases with higher AOD were observed. We perform aerosol retrievals from SPEX airborne, RSP (410-865 nm range only), and AirMSPI using the SRON aerosol retrieval algorithm and compare the results against AERONET and HSRL-2 measurements 10 (for SPEX airborne and RSP). All three MAPs compare well against AERONET for the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) (Mean Absolute Error (MAE) between 0.014-0.024 at 440 nm). For the fine mode effective radius the MAE ranges between 0.0210.028 micron. For the comparison with HSRL-2 we focus on a day with low AOD (0.02-0.14 at 532 nm) over the California Central Valley, Arizona and Nevada (26 October) and a flight with high AOD (including measurements with AOD > 1.0 at 532 nm) over a prescribed forest fire in Arizona (9 November). For the day with low AOD the MAE in AOD (at 532 nm) 15 with HSRL-2 are 0.014 and 0.022 for SPEX and RSP, respectively, showing the capability of MAPs to provide accurate AOD retrievals for the challenging case of low AOD over land. For the retrievals over the smoke plume also a reasonable agreement in AOD between the MAPs and HSRL-2 was found (MAE 0.088 and 0.079 for SPEX and RSP, respectively), despite the fact that the comparison is hampered by large spatial variability in AOD throughout the smoke plume. Also a good comparison is found between the MAPs and HSRL-2 for the aerosol depolarization ratio (a measure for particles sphericity) with MAE of 20