Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forest disturbance history in the Sawtooth Mountains of Central Idaho and the Beaverhead Range of Western Montana

Studies of disturbance history are important because they provide a framework for understanding the ecological response to past, present, and future climate change, and this information is useful for paleoecological researchers and land-use managers. Fire and insect outbreaks are common occurrences in western forests, and three studies were undertaken to increase our knowledge of their history in the northern Rocky Mountains. In the first study, sediment cores were sampled from 21 lakes located in forests experiencing mountain pine beetle infestation in the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Cores were analyzed to determine whether or not mountain pine beetle remains were accumulating in the lake sediments in association with recent outbreaks. The study found that insect remains were sparse in the lake sediments, even in sites surrounded by heavily infested forests. These results cast doubt on whether paleobeetle records can be reconstructed from lake-sediment cores. In the second study, one-meter-long sediment cores were taken from three lakes in Pinus contorta forests in the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho, to reconstruct a historical record of fire spanning the last 2000 years. High-resolution charcoal analysis of the cores indicated changes in fire activity, but there was not a significant difference in fire occurrence during the relatively dry Medieval Climate Anomaly (1050 – 650 cal yr BP), the cooler Little Ice Age (750 – -50 cal yr BP), and the present day. Results suggest that the current fire regime has persisted for at least 2000 years, with little modification by humans or climate. In the third study, a high-resolution charcoal record was analyzed from Reservoir Lake in the Beaverhead Mountains, Montana to reconstruct the fire history of the last 15,000 years at the lower forest-steppe boundary. The charcoal record indicates relatively low fire frequency between 13,500 cal yr BP and 6000 cal yr BP and increased fire activity from 6000 to 1500 cal yr BP, suggesting increasing aridity in the middle and late Holocene. The fire-climate linkages observed in the paleoecological record provide insights that are useful in understanding future fire regimes with projected climate changes.
Zonalite des alterations dans l'environnement des gisements d'uranium associes a la discordance du proterozoique moyen (saskatchewan, canada)

Cette etude porte sur les conditions des gisements d'uranium du saskatchewan de la region de waterbury lake, qui sont associes a la discordance entre le socle archeen/aphebien et la couverture sedimentaire helikienne. Deux episodes tardi-hudsoniens gouvernent la remobilisation in situ de l'uranium: une retromorphose (facies schiste vert) et une alteration hydrothermale affectant les zones tectonisees du socle. Les donnees isotopiques des phyllites revelent que la diagenese des gres est realisee en presence d'une saumure qui est egalement a l'origine du fluide mineralisateur
Towards Best Practice of Interpreting Deep Learning Models for EEG-based Brain Computer Interfaces

—Understanding deep learning models is important for EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI), since it not only can boost trust of end users but also potentially shed light on reasons that cause a model to fail. However, deep learning interpretability has not yet raised wide attention in this field. It remains unknown how reliably existing interpretation techniques can be used and to which extent they can reflect the model decisions. In order to fill this research gap, we conduct the first quantitative evaluation and explore the best practice of interpreting deep learning models designed for EEG-based BCI. We design metrics and test seven well-known interpretation techniques on benchmark deep learning models. Results show that methods of gradient×input, DeepLIFT, integrated gradient, and layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) have similar and better performance than saliency map, deconvolution and guided backpropagation methods for interpreting the model decisions. In addition, we propose a set of processing steps that allow the interpretation results to be visualized in an understandable and trusted way. Finally, we illustrate with samples on how deep learning interpretability can benefit the domain of EEG-based BCI. Our work presents a promising direction of introducing deep learning interpretability to EEG-based BCI.
Hillslope to fluvial process domain transitions in headwater catchments

The landscape is partitioned into hillslopes and unchanneled valleys (hollows), and colluvial (hillslope controlled) and alluvial (self-formed) channels. The key issue for any study of headwater catchments is the rational distinction between these elements. Accurate identification of process domain transitions from hillslopes to hollows, hollows to colluvial channels and colluvial to alluvial channels, are not obvious either in the field or from topographic data derived from remotely sensed data such as laser derived (LIDAR) digital elevation models. The research in this dissertation investigates the spatial arrangement of these landforms and how hillslope and fluvial process domains interact in two pairs of headwater catchments in southwest and central Montana, using LIDAR data. This dissertation uses digital terrain analysis of LIDAR-derived topography and field studies to investigate methods of detection, modeling, and prediction of process transitions from the hillslope to fluvial domains and within the fluvial domain, from colluvial to alluvial channel reaches. Inflections in the scaling relationships between landscape parameters such as flowpath length, unit stream power (a metric of the energy expended by the channel in doing work), and drainage area were used to detect transitions in flow regimes characteristic of hillslope, unchanneled valleys, and channeled landforms. Using the scale-invariant properties of fluvial systems as a threshold condition, magnitude-frequency distributions of curvature and the derivative of aspect were also used to detect hillslope, fluvial, and transitional process domains. Finally, within the classification of channeled landforms, the transition from colluvial to alluvial channels was detected using the presence/absence of repeating patterns in the power spectra of fluvial energy and channel form parameters. LIDAR-derived scaling relations and magnitude-frequency distributions successfully detected and predicted locations of mapped channel heads and hollows and spatial regions of process transitions. Subreaches of arguably alluvial channel conditions were also identified in power spectra. However, extrinsic forcing limits ability to detect a clear transition from colluvial to fully alluvial conditions. Headwater catchments present a mosaic of process domains, in large determined by local structure and lithology. However, process domain transitions appear detectable and statistically, though not deterministically, predictable, irrespective of setting.
The influence of community economic development and peat area governance on Society 5.0

This article is a study of the institutional governance of farmers in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency using the concept of Society 5.0 and the governance paradigm for analysis in peat area studies. This study aims to determine the form of institutional governance of smallholder agriculture in peat areas and determine the truth of the influence of community economic management and development indicators on Society 5.0, which results from empirical studies in the field. This study uses the mixed methods method, which combines quantitative and qualitative data analysis to measure the truth of information. The results of the study illustrate that the question study first finds existing forms of institutional governance walk, however still passive; this is caused by constraints of knowledge management plant horticulture in the region peat, utilization process nutrients, and management techniques group sustainable farming in aspect regulation government and empowerment company around through CSR; on the question, it has been furthermore found that management variables and community economic development have a positive influence on Society 5.0. This study uses quantitative analysis and calculation results from the SPSS analysis test to support this conclusion. From this study, it formulated recommendation from the synergy between economic development and management of peat areas to socio-economic and environmental impacts that must be considered by interested stakeholders, as well as maximizing function technology in making it easy to manage horticulture plants in peat areas as a form of Society 5.0 to minimize behind.
Pertumbuhan Meranti Merah (Shorea leprosula Miq) Dalam Sistem Silvikultur Tebang Pilih Tanam Jalur (Studi Kasus di Areal IUPHHK-HA PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, Kalimantan Tengah)

Contribution of forest for development of this nation can not be regarded as small, so that the forests must be managed and used optimally and well preserved. As an effort to preserve and enhance timber production, PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma (PT. SBK) as one of the holders of Forest Concessionaire (IUPHHK-HA), have been applied Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) silvicultural system in it’s management of natural forest production since 1999. Red Meranti (Shorea leprosula) is one of the flagship sppecies which are selected in TPTJ because it better growth than other Meranti sppecies.However, the growth of S. leprosula in line planting excessively unknown yet. This research aimed to know the diameter growth of S. leprosula 5 9 in TPTJ silvicultural system. Research conducted in Mei 2009 in PT. SBK’s areas. Data of diameter growth collected through observation of the 100 m x 100 m sampling plots (1 ha). Plot samples were taken in each age planting which are purposively selected based on the age of 5 to 9 years old of planting, where in each of the plot samples there are five lines of planting. Analysis of research data including diameter stand structure, data normality test, Mean Annual Increment (MAI), and curve of diameter growth. Diameter growth of of S. leprosula which planted in line generally sppreading normally, where the most frequency of individual tree is in the diameter class that represents the mean (average) of the stand diameter, and show sigmoid shape curve of the diameter growth. The average increment (MAI) of S. leprosula were highest at the age of seven year plantation i.e to 2.31 cm / year and the lowest at the age of five year plantation i.e 1.45 cm / year. The largest diameter found at the age of nine years after planting i.e 28.5 cm (average 19.7 cm).
PFAS and Phthalate/DINCH Exposure in Association with Age at Menarche in Teenagers of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies

Early puberty has been found to be associated with adverse health outcomes such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and hormone-dependent cancers. The decrease in age at menarche observed during the past decades has been linked to an increased exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). Evidence for the association between PFAS and phthalate exposure and menarche onset, however, is inconsistent. We studied the association between PFAS and phthalate/DINCH exposure and age at menarche using data of 514 teenagers (12 to 18 years) from four aligned studies of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe initiative (HBM4EU): Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–2017 (Sweden), PCB cohort (follow-up; Slovakia), GerES V-sub (Germany), and FLEHS IV (Belgium). PFAS concentrations were measured in blood, and phthalate/DINCH concentrations in urine. We assessed the role of each individual pollutant within the context of the others, by using different multi-pollutant approaches, adjusting for age, age- and sex-standardized body mass index z-score and household educational level. Exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), especially mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (5OH-MEHP), was associated with an earlier age at menarche, with estimates per interquartile fold change in 5OH-MEHP ranging from −0.34 to −0.12 years in the different models. Findings from this study indicated associations between age at menarche and some specific EDCs at concentrations detected in the general European population, but due to the study design (menarche onset preceded the chemical measurements), caution is needed in the interpretation of causality.
A meta-QTL analysis highlights genomic hotspots associated with phosphorus use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is a complex trait, governed by many minor quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with small effects. Advances in molecular marker technology have led to the identification of QTLs underlying PUE. However, their practical use in breeding programs remains challenging due to the unstable effects in different genetic backgrounds and environments, interaction with soil status, and linkage drag. Here, we compiled PUE QTL information from 16 independent studies. A total of 192 QTLs were subjected to meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis and were projected into a high-density SNP consensus map. A total of 60 MQTLs, with significantly reduced number of initial QTLs and confidence intervals (CI), were identified across the rice genome. Candidate gene (CG) mining was carried out for the 38 MQTLs supported by multiple QTLs from at least two independent studies. Genes related to amino and organic acid transport and auxin response were found to be abundant in the MQTLs linked to PUE. CGs were cross validated using a root transcriptome database (RiceXPro) and haplotype analysis. This led to the identification of the eight CGs (OsARF8, OsSPX-MFS3, OsRING141, OsMIOX, HsfC2b, OsFER2, OsWRKY64, and OsYUCCA11) modulating PUE. Potential donors for superior PUE CG haplotypes were identified through haplotype analysis. The distribution of superior haplotypes varied among subspecies being mostly found in indica but were largely scarce in japonica. Our study offers an insight on the complex genetic networks that modulate PUE in rice. The MQTLs, CGs, and superior CG haplotypes identified in our study are useful in the combination of beneficial alleles for PUE in rice.
The Efficacy of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Approaches in Chronic Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Pharmacological treatment is the primary approach in chronic migraine (CM), although non-drug interventions such as physical therapy are used as adjunct treatments. We aimed to review the efficacy of physical therapy and rehabilitation approaches for CM and their impact on quality of life (QoL) and disability. METHODS This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with CM. The primary outcomes were changes in intensity, frequency, duration of headache, disability, and QoL. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Data synthesis and quantitative analysis were conducted on relevant studies. RESULTS Seven RCTs were included in the narrative review, and five of them were eligible for quantitative analysis. Aerobic exercise (AE), osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), occipital transcutaneous electrical stimulation (OTES), acupressure, hydrotherapy, instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), facial proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (FPNF), and connective tissue massage (CTM) were used in CM. AE combined with pharmacological therapy reduced the frequency, duration, and intensity of headache. OMT combined with medication improved QoL and reduced disability, intensity of pain, and migraine days per month. Hydrotherapy combined with medication also resulted in improvements in the intensity of headache, frequency, and overall QoL. IASTM and OTES reduced the intensity of headache, alleviated neck pain, and improved QoL, although there were conflicting findings following OTES alone on disability and intensity of headache. Both FPNF and CTM reduced the intensity of headache. Acupressure as an adjunct to medication did not show additional benefits on the intensity of headache and QoL. Quantitative analysis of the data showed that manual physical therapy combined with medication reduced the intensity of headache (p = 0.0796), and manual or AE combined with medication reduced the headache days per month (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS A limited number of RCTs investigating the efficacy of physical therapy and rehabilitation approaches show promise in improving headache symptoms, reducing disability, and enhancing QoL in CM. Meta-analysis of the data also supported favorable outcomes for both intensity and headache days per month. Further research is needed to better understand the efficacy, optimal duration, and safety of physical therapy and rehabilitation approaches for CM, and to explore alternative interventions.
Spin-orbit coupling in a half-filled $t_{2g}$ shell: the case of $5d^3$ K$_2$ReCl$_6$

The half-filled $t_{2g}$ shell of the $t_{2g}^3$ configuration usually, in LS coupling, hosts a S = 3/2 ground state with quenched orbital moment. This state is not Jahn-Teller active. Sufficiently large spin-orbit coupling $\zeta$ has been predicted to change this picture by mixing in orbital moment, giving rise to a sizable Jahn-Teller distortion. In $5d^3$ K$_2$ReCl$_6$ we study the electronic excitations using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) and optical spectroscopy. We observe on-site intra-$t_{2g}$ excitations below 2 eV and corresponding overtones with two intra-$t_{2g}$ excitations on adjacent sites, the Mott gap at 2.7 eV, $t_{2g}$-to-$e_g$ excitations above 3 eV, and charge-transfer excitations at still higher energy. The intra-$t_{2g}$ excitation energies are a sensitive measure of $\zeta$ and Hund's coupling $J_H$. The sizable value of $\zeta \approx$ 0.29 eV places K$_2$ReCl$_6$ into the intermediate coupling regime, but $\zeta/J_H \approx 0.6$ is not sufficiently large to drive a pronounced Jahn-Teller effect. We discuss the ground state wavefunction in a Kanamori picture and find that the S = 3/2 multiplet still carries about 97 % of the weight. However, the finite admixture of orbital moment allows for subtle effects. We discuss small temperature-induced changes of the optical data and find evidence for a lowering of the ground state by about 3 meV below the structural phase transitions.
Visitors Intention to Visit World Cultural Heritage Sites: Empirical Evidence from the Cases of Cologne and Suzhou

This study is undertaken against the backdrop of the rise of heritage tourism as a favorable tourism product all around the world. First of all, this dissertation attempts to study German and Chinese visitors� intention to visit world cultural heritage sites in the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), with the additional constructs of past experience and city/culture tour involvement. As two cases, the survey data were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire in Cologne, Germany and Suzhou, China, which are both the cities with world cultural heritage sites. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the research model and hypotheses in the empirical study. Besides, in order to investigate cross-cultural differences in visitors� intention to visit world cultural heritage sites and related travel behavior, descriptive analysis and the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests provide insights of demographic items, travel characteristics, as well as the factors in the proposed research model by comparing surveyed German and Chinese visitors. The result shows that attitude in the Cologne case, and perceived control, past experience and city/culture tour involvement in the Suzhou case are valid predictor constructs for visitors� intention to visit a world cultural heritage site within the next 12 months. The empirical study suggests that some differences do exist between German and Chinese visitors. It shows the behavior and attitude, psychological needs, and experience of visitors in world cultural heritage sites, which are useful for travel providers to recognize segments and serve effectively the different types and groups of visitors.
The Magnetite-series and Ilmenite-series Granitic Rocks

Opaque minerals of common granitic rocks were studied microscopically. The granitoids were divided into (i) a magnetite-bearing magnetite-series and (ii) a magnetite-free ilmenite-series. Each series has the following characteristic assemblages of accessary minerals: Magnetite-series: Magnetite (0.1-2 vol.%), ilmenite, hematite, pyrite, sphene, epidote, high ferric/ferrous (and high Mg/Fe) biotite; Ilmenite-series: Ilmenite (less than 0.1 vol.%), pyrrhotite, graphite, muscovite, low ferric/ferrous (and low Mg/Fe) biotite. The mineral assemblages imply a higher oxygen fugacity in the magnetite-series granitoids than in the ilmeniteseries granitoids during solidification of the granitic magmas. The boundary separating the two series is probably near the Ni-NiO buffer. The magnetite-series granitoids are considered to have been generated in a deep level (upper mantle and lowest crust) and not to have interacted with C-bearing materials; whereas the ilmenite-series granitoids were generated in the middle to lower continental crust and mixed with C-bearing metamorphic and sedimentary rocks at various stages in their igneous history. The former carries porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits and the latter accompanies greisen-type tin-wolframite deposits. Lack of porphyry copper deposits in the Mesozoic orogeny belts in East Asia is related to a general paucity of the magnetite-series granitoids in this terrane.
Crustacea Decapoda: Munida japonica Stimpson, 1858, and related species (Galatheidae)

In order to clarify the systematic status of Munida japonica Stimpson, 1858, which has been mixed with several other species constituting a complex, a neotype of this species from Kagoshima, Japan, is selected and described. Examination of the type materials of M. heteracantha Ortmann, 1892, M. semoni Ortmann, 1894 (previously merged with M. heteracantha) and M. honshuensis Benedict, 1902 (previously considered synonymous with M. japonica), discloses that they are valid species. Comparison of these species with numerous specimens from the Philippines, Indonesia, Japan, and the western Indian Ocean yields 13 new relatives species to be described.