Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY, AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF FUNGAL ISOLATES FROM LAKE SONACHI IN KENYA

The soda lakes of Kenya provide an extreme environment where diverse groups of microorganisms thrive. They arecharacterized by great variation in temperature, halophillic and alkaliphilic- extreme conditions. Lake Sonnachi hasbeen the study site for this research. The study sort to isolate, characterize and identify fungi, screen for potentialexo-enzymes and secondary metabolites production that may be of industrial application.Malt extract agar wasused for the isolation of fungi and six (6) isolates were recovered. Inhibition zones were used to measure theenzymatic and antimicrobial activity of the isolates. GC-MC analysis was done on the filtrates extracted from thefungi to identify secondary metabolites.Molecular characterization of the 18s rDNA was done using fungal primerswas used in this study.Phylogenetic was inferred using neighbor- joining method. The fungal isolates were alighneddiferrent genera, Acrimonies sp. , Scopulariopsis sp, Verticilium sp. Fusarium sp and Paecilomyces sp. The fungalisolates produce different types of enzymes (cellulases, proteases, pectinases and lipases) and metabolites (acids,ketones, quinones, alcohols, esters etc). A phylogenetic tree of fungal isolates has been constructed using theneighbor- joining method showing the evolutionary relationship of the isolates with other kwonfungi.Antimicrobial assay showed that most of the fungal isolates produced inhibition zones ranging from 0.1 to4mm, an indication of presence of compounds with antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms, E.coli,B. subtilis, S.aureas etc, used in this study. Results indicate that Lake Sonachi, a soda lake has fungal species thatare capable of producing enzymes and metabolites with antimicrobial activity.
Fitossociologia em Floresta de Várzea do Estuário Amazônico no Estado do Amapá.

The present study was developed aiming to evaluate the variations in the structure and the dynamics of Amazonian estuarine floodplain forest, in three places (Bailique, Igarape Fortaleza eandAracu River) along the north arm of the Amazon River, in two measurements. The samples were installed in areas of forest that had a good state of repair. In 2001/02 three permanent sample plots were installed with size of 100 m x 100 m, divided in ten sub-plots with 20 m x 50 m, and in 2006/07 a new measurement was done to evaluate the changes, with minimum inclusion CAP of 15 cm. The families number remained the same in the Bailique (20), in the igarape Fortaleza (26) and had reduction in the Aracu river from 27 to 25 families; the species number reduced in the three places: 39 for 37, 49 for 48 and 50 for 47; the absolute density (trees per hectare) increased in the Bailique (17), reduced in the Aracu river (50) and in the igarape Fortaleza (151); the basal area (m2/ha) increased in the Bailique (1.97), in Aracu river (2.90) and reduced in the igarape Fortaleza (5,64); the mixture quotient of Jentsch remained the same in the Aracu river (01:18), reduced in the Bailique (01:19 from 01:20) and increased in the igarape Fortaleza (01:21 for 01:18); the biggest ingrowth occurred in the Bailique, with 31 acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.); the biggest reductions occurred with the death of 33 murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru Mart.) in the Aracuriver and 46 E. oleracea in the igarape Fortaleza; the species of better sociological position in the forest was E.oleracea.
Alteration of B cell function by Epstein-Barr virus

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA virus belonging to the g-herpes virus family. Over 90% of the human population worldwide is infected by the virus. Primary infection usually takes place during childhood and is mostly asymptomatic. However, when primary infection is delayed, frequently a self-limiting disease develops, called infectious mononucleosis (IM). During IM, a massive expansion of virus-harbouring cells is observed. These cells are then mostly eliminated by a strong cytotoxic T cell response. The cellular target of the virus and its reservoir during lifelong persistence are B lymphocytes, in which the viral genome is present as a circular episome. In healthy individuals, a stable balance is established between the expansion of virus-infected B cells and their elimination by cytotoxic T cells. However, EBV also plays a role in the pathogenesis of several human lymphomas. In vitro, EBV-infected B cells give rise to stable transformed cell lines, designated lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL).
Observations on the behavior of Schroederichthys chilensis (Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae)

Schroederichthys chilensis, the redspotted catshark or chilean catshark, is an endemic species to Peruvian and Chilean waters. Observations on its behavior in the National Reserve System of Guano Islands, Islets, and Capes – Punta San Juan and Paracas National Reserve reveal that it curls when threatened. This hypothesized survival strategy has not been previously documented in this species and we recommend further studies to elucidate this behavior.
Evaluation of Dolichos (Lablab purpureus L.) Germplasm for Pod Yield and Pod Related Traits

Fifty seven pole type vegetable dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus var. typicus) germplasm lines collected from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Pondicherry were evaluated in a replicated experiment at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, for pod yield and pod -related traits during 2006-08. Significant differences were recorded for all traits studied. IIHR 177 was the earliest to flower in 43 days and pods matured in 65 days. IIHR 6 recorded maximum pod length (16.5 cm) , and, ten-pod weight was maximum in IIHR 7 (122 g). Pod width was high in IIHR 11 (4.05 cm). Number of pods per plant ranged from 10 to 91, with the maximum in IIHR 159. Maximum pod-yield was recorded in IIHR 150 and IIHR 159 (576.0 g/plant). Six different pod-colors (green, light green, purple, purple green, pink and creamy- white) were recorded. Maximum number of lines (52.63%) had green pod. The present study indicates existence of a wide range of variability for pod characters, namely, pod-maturity, pod -length, tenpod weight, number of pods per plant and pod- colour. High yielding lines with different pod types can serve as potentially useful parents in further breeding.
Improved Subword Modeling for WFST-Based Speech Recognition

Because in agglutinative languages the number of observed word forms is very high, subword units are often utilized in speech recognition. However, the proper use of subword units requires careful consideration of details such as silence modeling, position-dependent phones, and combination of the units. In this paper, we implement subword modeling in the Kaldi toolkit by creating modiﬁed lexicon by ﬁnite-state transducers to represent the subword units correctly. We experiment with multiple types of word boundary markers and achieve the best results by adding a marker to the left or right side of a subword unit whenever it is not preceded or followed by a word boundary, respectively. We also compare three different toolkits that provide data-driven subword segmentations. In our experiments on a variety of Finnish and Estonian datasets, the best subword models do outperform word-based models and naive subword implementations. The largest relative reduction in WER is a 23% over word-based models for a Finnish read speech dataset. The results are also better than any previously published ones for the same datasets, and the improvement on all datasets is more than 5%.
A monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys

A Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. All species from these two families are described with information on nomenclature, types, distribution, ecology, conservation, cited specimens, taxonomic notes and distribution maps. Introductory chapters deal with history, morphology and anatomy, phylogeny and evolution, and distribution.
Ontogeny, Phylogeny, and Historical Development:

If you really want to be smarter, reading can be one of the lots ways to evoke and realize. Many people who like reading will have more knowledge and experiences. Reading can be a way to gain information from economics, politics, science, fiction, literature, religion, and many others. As one of the part of book categories, ontogeny phylogeny and historical development always becomes the most wanted book. Many people are absolutely searching for this book. It means that many love to read this kind of book.
Marenzelleria viridis (Verril, 1873) (Polychaeta: Spionidae) : a new record from the Ems Estuary (The Netherlands / Federal Republic of Germany)

A new record of the North American spionid polychaete Marenzelleria viridis (Verril, 1873) is reported from the Ems Estuary. The species was first found in 1983. From 1983 to 1986 densities increased to a few thousands per m2 while densities of another polychaete, Nereis diversicolor decreased. Juveniles showed peak densities of c. 19000 m2 in muddy sediments. Adults preferred sandy sediments. In Europe M. viridis was recorded recently also in other estuaries: Tay and Forth (Scotland), Weser and Elbe (Fed. Rep. of Germany). There is no reliable clue to the cause of its appearance in North Sea estuaries.
Tensión de humedad del suelo y fertilización nitrogenada en plátano (Musa AAA Sommonds) cv. Gran Enano

El platano (Musa AAA Simmonds) cv. Gran Enano es el segundo frutal mas importante en el Estado de Colima, el clima es semiarido y la produccion agricola requiere riego. Las practicas de fertilizacion nitrogenada son empiricas. El objetivo del trabajo fue probar dosis de N (0 a 300 kg ha-----1) y tensiones de humedad del suelo (10, 25, 45 y 75 kPa) en el rendimiento y calidad de fruta de platano cv Gran Enano durante cuatro anos. Los resultados mostraron que el platano responde a la aplicacion de N y de humedad; la interaccion de ambos insumos fue positiva en rendimiento y calidad de fruta. Rendimientos maximos se obtuvieron con 290 a 300 kg N ha-----1 y tension de humedad del suelo cercano a capacidad de campo durante todo el periodo de cultivo, pero el maximo beneficio economico (relacion beneficio/costo) se obtuvo con 25 kPa-200 N. El abatimiento (0.521 Mg ha-----1) en rendimiento fue lineal por cada unidad (kPa) que la tension de humedad se aparto de 10 kPa. El rendimiento tuvo alto grado de confiabilidad (R2=0.94) con la ecuacion Y=159.12-----0.195 X+0.33 N-----0.0005 N2-----0.001 XN, donde Y=rendimiento de platano (Mg ha-----1), X=tension de humedad del suelo (kPa), y N=kg N ha-----1. El N aplicado al suelo no tuvo efecto en la calidad de fruta, pero la humedad si, mejorandose con tensiones de 30 kPa o menores.
Studies on the effect of planting methods and nutrition on growth, yield and essential oil content in vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash)

A field experiment was conducted at Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Unit, Saidapur Farm, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka to study the effect of planting methods and nutrition on growth, yield and essential oil content in vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Syn. Chrysopogan zizanioides) during July 2015- July 2016. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three main plot and six sub plot comprising of eighteen treatment combinations with two replications. The main plot consisted of three planting methods; P1– Ridge and furrow method, P2– Bed method and P3– Bag method. The sub plot consisted of six fertilizer levels; F1- 25:25:25 kg NPK/ha, F2- 50:25:25 kg NPK/ha, F3- 75:25:25 kg NPK/ha, F4- 25:50:25 kg NPK/ha, F5- 50:50:25 kg NPK/ha and F6- 75:50:25 kg NPK/ha. For all the treatments, farm yard manure @ 10 tonnes per ha was applied. Among the planting methods, bag method (P3) recorded significantly higher plant height (181.6 cm), number of tillers per plant (110.3), number of leaves per plant (737.1), number of roots per plant (317.0), dry root weight (95.1 g/plant), dry root yield (4085.8 kg/ha) and essential oil yield (85.3 kg/ha) compared to other planting methods. Among fertilizer levels, 75:50:25 kg NPK/ha (F6) recorded significantly higher plant height (180.1 cm), number of tillers per plant (111.2), number of leaves per plant (739.2), number of roots per plant (261.0), dry root weight (86.3 g/plant), dry root yield (3686.5 kg/ha) and essential oil yield (78.4 kg/ha) compared to other fertilizer levels.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DENTAL TRAUMATIC INJURIES’ EDUCATIONAL MESSAGE ON SCHOOL TEACHERS IN BEIRUT-CLUSTER RANDOMIZED FIELD TRIAL

Introduction: School teachers are most likely to be involved at the site of the injuries, making their knowledge of emergency management fundamental to the provision of an appropriate care to children and adolescents. Aim of the study: To assess the effectiveness of educational message on the knowledge and practice of school teachers regarding dental trauma. Materials and Methods: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Schools of Beirut were divided into three categories (public, semi private and private). Two-hundred teachers of each category were selected randomly and divided into “Test and Control group”. An educational message, using power point presentation, brochures and posters, was implemented to teachers in test group. Immediate and long term assessment were performed to evaluate the effect of the educational program. Results: Immediately after the implementation of the educational message, there was a significant improvement in the knowledge and practice of teachers of the test group, persisting approximately the same six months later. Conclusion: The implementation of a dental health educational program using more than one modality, proved to be effective in improving the knowledge of school teachers who are the first individuals to face dental trauma in schools.
Comparative genomics for studying the proteomes of mucosal microorganisms

A tremendous number of microorganisms are known to interact with their animal hosts. The outcome of the interactions between microbes and their animal hosts range from modulating the maintenance of homeostasis to the establishment of processes leading to pathogenesis. Of the numerous species known to inhabit humans, the great majority live on mucosal surfaces which are highly defended. Despite their importance in human health, little is known about the molecular and cellular basis of most host-microbe interactions across the tremendous diversity of mucosal-adapted microorganisms. The ever-increasing availability of genome sequence data allows systematic comparative genomics studies to identify proteins with potential important molecular functions at the host-microbe interface. In this study, a genome-wide analysis was performed on 3,021,490 protein sequences derived from 867 complete microbial genome sequences across the three domains of cellular life. The ability of microbes to thrive successfully in a mucosal environment was examined in relation to functional genomics data from a range of publicly available databases. Particular emphasis was placed on the extracytoplasmic proteins of microorganisms that thrive on human mucosal surfaces. These proteins form the interface between the complex host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. The large amounts of data involved, combined with the numerous analytical techniques that need to be performed makes the study intractable with conventional bioinformatics. The lack of habitat annotations for microorganisms further compounds the problem of identifying the microbial extracytoplasmic proteins playing important roles in the mucosal environments. In order to address these problems, a distributed high throughput computational workflow was developed, and a system for mining biomedical literature was trained to automatically identify microorganisms’ habitats. The workflow integrated existing bioinformatics tools to identify and characterise protein-targeting signals, cell surface-anchoring features, protein domains and protein families. This study successfully demonstrated a large-scale comparative genomics approach utilising a system called Microbase to harness Grid and Cloud computing technologies. A number of conserved protein domains and families that are significantly associated with a spe-
Longer tongues and swifter handling: why do more bumble bees (Bombus spp.) than honey bees (Apis mellifera) forage on lavender (Lavandula spp.)?

Lavender (Lavandula spp.) flowers attract more bumble bees (Bombus spp.) than honey bees (Apis mellifera). Counts of bees foraging on Lavandula × intermedia ‘Grosso’ at the University of Sussex campus, showed that bumble bees (92%) greatly outnumbered honey bees (8%). This was not due to a scarcity of honey bees, as the reverse ratio (94% honey bees vs. 6% bumble bees) occurred on borage (Borago officinalis) at the same location. Video analysis of free‐flying bees revealed that all bumble bee species present (Bombus terrestris/lucorum, Bombus pascuorum, and Bombus lapidarius) handled lavender flowers three times faster than honey bees (mean extraction times: 0.38, 0.37, 0.34 s respectively, vs. 1.30 s; all P < 0.001). Honey bee tongue length (6.6 mm) was approximately 2 mm shorter than those of bumble bees (7.8–8.9 mm) and 1 mm shorter than the lavender corolla tube (c. 7 mm). In addition, bumble bees probed twice as many lavender flowers encountered than honey bees (86% vs. 46%). Experimentally reducing effective corolla tube length with scalpel incisions significantly decreased extraction time for honey bees (from 1.11 to 0.76 s; P < 0.001) but not for bumble bees (0.33 to 0.28 s; P = 0.266). Results suggest that honey bees are deterred from foraging on lavender because they are being outcompeted by bumble bees, which forage more efficiently.
Cyclopiazonic acid production by Penicillium camemberti Thom and natural occurrence of this mycotoxin in cheese

Every Penicillium camemberti strain freshly isolated from 20 commercial cheese brands produced cyclopiazonic acid in two culture media at 25, 13, and 4 degrees C; the toxin yield was greatly dependent on the strain and environmental parameters (medium, temperature, and incubation time). The toxigenic ability appeared as a log-normal distribution. This mycotoxin was found in the crust (0.05 to 0.1 microgram/g in three samples, 0.1 to 0.2 microgram/g in five samples, and 0.4, 1, and 1.5 microgram/g in three other samples) but not in the inner part. When its acute toxicity is considered, doses eventually ingested by consumers are very low (lower than 4 microgram). Means for prevention are discussed. A highly toxigenic strength and rate appear to be necessary features leading to natural contamination in cheeses. The distribution of toxigenic ability makes possible without delay a choice of weakly toxic strains.
HORMONAL CONTROL OF OOCYTE MATURATION IN ARENICOLA MARINA L. (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA)

In Arenicola marina (Annelida, Polychaeta) the oocytes are arrested in the first prophase stage of meiosis until spawning. Oocyte maturation is under hormonal control: when incubated in vitro in a brain extract oocytes reach the first metaphase at which they remain arrested until fertilization. The importance of calcium in oocyte maturation has been investigated by using different drugs known to act on membrane calcium permeability and to modify intracellular free calcium concentration. Tetracaine, procaine, D‐600, verapamil (Isoptin), propranolol, oxprenolol and lanthanum chloride, calcium deprivation but not ionophore A23187, are all able to induce oocyte maturation. This suggests that the brain hormone may act on the oocyte by regulating, probably increasing, the intracellular free calcium concentration, as it has been proposed for oocytes of other animals. The importance of ‐SH/‐SS‐ in meiosis reinitiation is suggested by the fact that dithiothreitol and 2, 3‐dimercaptopropanol, two disulfide reducing agents, both induce oocyte maturation.
Low genetic variation and evidence of limited dispersal in the regionally important Belize manatee

The Antillean subspecies of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus is found throughout Central and South America and the Caribbean. Because of severe hunting pressure during the 17th through 19th centuries, only small populations of the once widespread aquatic mammal remain. Fortunately, protections in Belize reduced hunting in the 1930s and allowed the country's manatee population to become the largest breeding population in the Wider Caribbean. However, increasing and emerging anthropogenic threats such as coastal development, pollution, watercraft collision and net entanglement represent challenges to this ecologically important population. To inform conservation and management decisions, a comprehensive molecular investigation of the genetic diversity, relatedness and population structure of the Belize manatee population was conducted using mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA. Compared with other mammal populations, a low degree of genetic diversity was detected (HE=0.455; NA=3.4), corresponding to the small population size and long‐term exploitation. Manatees from the Belize City Cayes and Southern Lagoon system were genetically different, with microsatellite and mitochondrial FST values of 0.029 and 0.078, respectively (P≤0.05). This, along with the distinct habitats and threats, indicates that separate protection of these two groups would best preserve the region's diversity. The Belize population and Florida subspecies appear to be unrelated with microsatellite and mitochondrial FST values of 0.141 and 0.63, respectively (P≤0.001), supporting the subspecies designations and suggesting low vagility throughout the northern Caribbean habitat. Further monitoring and protection may allow an increase in the Belize manatee genetic diversity and population size. A large and expanding Belize population could potentially assist in the recovery of other threatened or functionally extinct Central American Antillean manatee populations.
Vombisidris humboldticola (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new arboreal ant species from an Indian ant plant.

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 87, NO. 10, 25 NOVEMBER 2004 1337 cular analysis, ascribed the association of sex chromosomes to the presence of several 247 bp repeats in the rDNA intergenic spacers. Since majority of previous reports on satellite association are based on either conventional staining or silver staining, confusion in establishing the reasons for association has prevailed for long. In recent years, FISH has proved to be a highly sensitive and powerful technique in locating DNA sequences, particularly repetitive DNA on chromosomes. In the present investigation on P. ovata, FISH has clearly established the association of rDNA rather than nucleolar proteins. Such associations could lead to nucleolar chromosome polymorphism through unequal crossing over among rRNA genes. There are numerous instances of such a polymorphism in plants and animals.