Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geophysical Exploration Technology: Applications in Lithological and Stratigraphic Reservoirs

Authored by one of the world's hydrocarbon exploration experts, Geophysical Exploration Technology: Applications in Lithological and Stratigraphic Reservoirs presents the latest technological advancements and cutting edge techniques in reservoir theory, research and exploration. Stratigraphic and lithological reservoirs play a critical role in increasing the production from oil reserves and new hydrocarbon sources. Recent resource evaluations indicate that onshore stratigraphic and subtle reservoirs account for as much as 40% of the total remaining hydrocarbon sources globally. As a result, these reservoirs will be the most practical, potential and prevalent fields for long-lasting onshore exploration. Intended as an aid in developing an understanding of the techniques of reservoir exploration, this book presents the latest and most practical methods and technology in oil and gas exploration. It can be used as a training book for lithological stratigraphic exploration and a reference for scientific and technological personnel in the oil and gas industry. * Authored by one of the world's foremost experts in stratigraphic and lithological reservoir exploration who has more than 30 years of experience in research and instruction. * Features more than 200 figures, illustrations, and working examples to aid the reader in retaining key concepts * Presents the latest technological developments in reservoir exploration techniques * Integrates theory and application, arming readers with a rigorous yet practical approach to hydrocarbon exploration in stratigraphic and lithological reservoirs
Successive Energy Conversion at a Stepwise Dipolarization Front

Dipolarization fronts (DFs), ion-scale magnetic structures characterized by sharp enhancement of northward magnetic field developed within plasma jets, have been suggested to play a crucial role in the energy transfer chain in the terrestrial magnetotail. Here we present the first observation of successive energy conversion driven by multiple current layers at a stepwise DF, using high-cadence measurements from NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. The multiple current layers are adjacent and cause gradual variations of particles and electromagnetic fields, leading to an intense, successive increase of energy conversion rates at the DF in the satellite frame, with electromagnetic field energy being transformed into particle energy. The energy conversion is contributed by both ion and electron currents. The motional electric field drives the energy conversion, while the wave electric field fed by lower hybrid drift instability modulates the energy partition. These results provide new insights into understanding energy transfer in the terrestrial magnetotail.
Design, analysis, and interpretation of treatment response heterogeneity in personalized nutrition and obesity treatment research

It is increasingly assumed that there is no one‐size‐fits‐all approach to dietary recommendations for the management and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. This phenomenon that not all individuals respond uniformly to a given treatment has become an area of research interest given the rise of personalized and precision medicine. To conduct, interpret, and disseminate this research rigorously and with scientific accuracy, however, requires an understanding of treatment response heterogeneity. Here, we define treatment response heterogeneity as it relates to clinical trials, provide statistical guidance for measuring treatment response heterogeneity, and highlight study designs that can quantify treatment response heterogeneity in nutrition and obesity research. Our goal is to educate nutrition and obesity researchers in how to correctly identify and consider treatment response heterogeneity when analyzing data and interpreting results, leading to rigorous and accurate advancements in the field of personalized medicine.
Strong ultrafast demagnetization due to the intraband transitions

Demagnetization in ferromagnetic transition metals driven by a femtosecond laser pulse is a fundamental problem in solid state physics, and its understanding is essential to the development of spintronic devices. Ab initio calculation of time-dependent magnetic moment in the velocity gauge so far has not been successful in reproducing the large amount of demagnetization observed in experiments. In this work, we propose a method to incorporate intraband transitions within the velocity gauge through a convective derivative in the crystal momentum space. Our results for transition-element bulk crystals (bcc Fe, hcp Co and fcc Ni) based on the time-dependent quantum Liouville equation show a dramatic enhancement in the amount of demagnetization after the inclusion of an intraband term, in agreement with experiments. We also find that the effect of intraband transitions on each ferromagnetic material is distinctly different because of their band structure and spin property differences. Our finding has a far-reaching impact on understanding of ultrafast demagnetization.
Consuming nirvana : an exploration of surfing tourist space

XII CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1 NIRVANA. 1 1.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR RESEARCH. 4 1.3 DEVELOPING RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND METHODOLOGY. 9 1.4 DEFINING TOURISM, DEFINING SURFING TOURISM . 15 1.4. 1 What type of tourism is surfing tourism? 16 1.4. 2 What is surfing? 17 1.4. 3 What is a surfer? 19 1.4. 4 Surf tourism or surfing tourism? 23 1.4. 5 Recreational, commercial or both? 24 1.4. 6 A definition of surfing tourism. 25 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY AND LIMITATIONS. 26 1.5. 1 Influence of researcher subjectivity . 26 1.5. 2 Australian focus . 26 1.5. 3 Gender issues. 26 1.5. 3 Dynamic, evolving research subject . 27 1.6 CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY . 28 1.7 CHAPTER SUMMARY AND THESIS OUTLINE. 30 1.7. 1 Thesis outline . 31 CHAPTER 2. SURFING TOURISM – LITERATURE AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT. 33 2.
Speaking with the Ancestors: Mississippian Stone Statuary of the Tennessee-Cumberland Region

When European explorers began their initial forays into southeastern North America in the 16th and 17th centuries they encountered what they called temples and shrines of native peoples, often decorated with idols in human form made of wood, pottery, or stone. The idols were fascinating to write about, but having no value to explorers searching for gold or land, there are no records of these idols being transported to the Old World, and mention of them seems to cease about the 1700s. However, with the settling of the fledgling United States in the 1800s, farming colonists began to unearth stone images in human form from land formerly inhabited by the native peoples. With little access to the records of the 16th and 17th centuries, debate and speculation abounded by the public and scholars alike concerning their origin and meaning.During the last twenty years the authors have researched over 88 possible examples of southeastern Mississippian stone statuary, dating as far back as 1,000 years ago, and discovered along the river valleys of the interior Southeast. Independently and in conjunction, they have measured, analyzed, photographed, and traced the known history of the 42 that appear in this volume. Compiling the data from both early documents and public and private collections, the authors remind us that the statuary should not be viewed in isolation, but rather as regional expressions of a much broader body of art, ritual, and belief.
A study of neural artistic style transfer models and architectures for Indian art styles

ABSTRACT Neural Style Transfer (NST) has been a widely researched topic as of late enabling new forms of image manipulation. Here we perform an extensive study on NST algorithms and extend the existing methods with custom modifications for application to Indian art styles. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of various methods ranging from the seminal work of Gatys et al which demonstrated the power of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in creating artistic imagery by separating and recombining image content and style, to the state of the art image-to-image translation models which use Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to learn the mapping between two domain of images. We observe and infer based on the results produced by the models on which one could be a more suitable approach for Indian art styles, especially Tanjore paintings which are unique compared to the Western art styles. We then propose the method which is more suitable for the domain of Indian Art style along with custom architecture which includes an enhancement and evaluation module. We then present evaluation methods, both qualitative and quantitative which includes our proposed metric, to evaluate the results produced by the model.
Reactive oxygen species- and nitric oxide-dependent regulation of ion and metal homeostasis in plants

Abstract Deterioration and impoverishment of soil, caused by environmental pollution and climate change, result in reduced crop productivity. To adapt to hostile soils, plants have developed a complex network of factors involved in stress sensing, signal transduction, and adaptive responses. The chemical properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) allow them to participate in integrating the perception of external signals by fine-tuning protein redox regulation and signal transduction, triggering specific gene expression. Here, we update and summarize progress in understanding the mechanistic basis of ROS and RNS production at the subcellular level in plants and their role in the regulation of ion channels/transporters at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. We have also carried out an in silico analysis of different redox-dependent modifications of ion channels/transporters and identified cysteine and tyrosine targets of nitric oxide in metal transporters. Further, we summarize possible ROS- and RNS-dependent sensors involved in metal stress sensing, such as kinases and phosphatases, as well as some ROS/RNS-regulated transcription factors that could be involved in metal homeostasis. Understanding ROS- and RNS-dependent signaling events is crucial to designing new strategies to fortify crops and improve plant tolerance of nutritional imbalance and metal toxicity.
Guidelines for Minimizing Spruce Beetle Populations in Logging Residuals

Schmid, J. M. 1977. Guidelines for minimizing spruce beetle populations in logging residuals. USDA For. Servo Res. Pap. RM·185, 8 p. Rocky Mt. For. and Range Exp. Stn. , Fort Collins, Colo. 80521. Different categories of logging residuals were evaluated from the standpoint of attack density and brood production. The bottom surfaces of cull logs and tops generally had higher attack and brood densities than the upper surfaces. Stumps had considerable variation in attacks and brood between the north and south side. General guidelines for minimizing beetle production from logging residuals are developed from the results.
A critique of "Brine migration in salt and its implications in the geologic disposal of nuclear waste," Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report 5818

Jenks and Claiborne in 1981 published a 164 page ". comprehensive review and analysis of available information relating to brine migration in salt surrounding radioactive waste in a salt repository. " Calculations are presented in that publication, that are called "reasonably conservative," to show that the rates and total volumes of brine expected to migrate into a given emplacement hole in bedded salt over the first 100 years are sufficiently low (e.g., <250 ml/year) that they are of relatively minor concern in the engineering design of a nuclear waste repository. We believe that because the values used for the major input parameters are either nonconservative, selected numbers, or are based on inadequate data, the results of these calculations are invalid. Neither we nor others are able to make a truly valid calculation at this time as there are too many uncertainties, but we show that conservative estimates should be larger, and perhaps two orders of magnitude larger, than those made by Jenks and Claiborne.
Late Cenozoic Volcanism in the Hövsgöl Rift Basin: Source, Genesis, and Evolution of Intraplate Volcanism in Mongolia

Diffuse, intraplate volcanic deposits are prevalent throughout Mongolia. This study sought to examine Late Cenozoic lavas (9.5-17.1 Ma) from the Hovsgol rift basin in order to better understand their source, genesis, and evolution. The relationship of these volcanic rocks to the Baikal Rift Zone (BRZ) and the extent to which these lavas are involved in, or derived from, rifting has important implications for lithospheric development of Mongolia and Central Asia. The alkaline basalts have similar light rare earth element enrichments (La/Yb = 9.1-31.9) and Sr/Sr ratios in the range of . 7039 to . 7050. Major and trace element and isotopic data reveal that low degrees of partial melting of garnet lherzolite occurred at depths greater than 65 km. Enrichment in fluid-mobile elements (e.g. Sr and Ba), lower La/Nb ratios, and a calc-alkaline trend suggest that hydrous minerals may have contributed to the melt. Nb enrichment (>35 ppm), along with the melting of hydrous minerals, may be attributed to the melting of a metasomatically enriched lithospheric mantle source. The mixing of minor asthenospheric upwelling with a volatile-rich, metasomatized lithospheric mantle may have produced melts without requiring extremely elevated temperatures, consistent with other published studies that show a small, shallow thermal anomaly under Mongolia.
Deep Learning in Surgical Workflow Analysis: A Review of Phase and Step Recognition

Objective: In the last two decades, there has been a growing interest in exploring surgical procedures with statistical models to analyze operations at different semantic levels. This information is necessary for developing context-aware intelligent systems, which can assist the physicians during operations, evaluate procedures afterward or help the management team to effectively utilize the operating room. The objective is to extract reliable patterns from surgical data for the robust estimation of surgical activities performed during operations. The purpose of this article is to review the state-of-the-art deep learning methods that have been published after 2018 for analyzing surgical workflows, with a focus on phase and step recognition. Methods: Three databases, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and PubMed were searched, and additional studies are added through a manual search. After the database search, 343 studies were screened and a total of 44 studies are selected for this review. Conclusion: The use of temporal information is essential for identifying the next surgical action. Contemporary methods used mainly RNNs, hierarchical CNNs, and Transformers to preserve long-distance temporal relations. The lack of large publicly available datasets for various procedures is a great challenge for the development of new and robust models. As supervised learning strategies are used to show proof-of-concept, self-supervised, semi-supervised, or active learning methods are used to mitigate dependency on annotated data. Significance: The present study provides a comprehensive review of recent methods in surgical workflow analysis, summarizes commonly used architectures, datasets, and discusses challenges.
Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with isokinetic strength training on spastic calf triceps in patients after a stroke: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the antitetanic effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) combined with isokinetic strength training (IST) on calf triceps spasm in patients after a stroke. Methods Forty-five patients with hemiplegia after a stroke and lower extremity spasms were randomly assigned into three groups: a control group (n = 15), an ESWT group (n = 15) and an ESWT+IST group (n = 15). All patients agreed to conventional rehabilitation therapy, while the ESWT and ESWT+IST groups received ESWT of 2.0–3.0 bar once a week for four weeks. In addition, the ESWT+IST group underwent four weeks of ankle IST. All groups were assessed using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and surface electromyography before and after four weeks of treatment. The ankle passive movement of all groups was measured using the BIODEX isokinetic system at angular velocities of 60°/s, 120°/s, 180°/s and 240°/s. Results After four weeks of treatment, compared with the control group, the ESWT+IST groups showed a significant reduction in MASscores (P = 0.030). The ESWT+IST group had significantly lower MAS scores than the baseline (P = 0.002), while the ESWT group did not show a significant difference (P = 0.072). The average electromyography (AEMG) analysis demonstrated a significant difference among the groups after four weeks (P = 0.001), with the ESWT+IST group having lower AEMG values compared with the control group (P < 0.001) and the ESWT group (P = 0.042). Peak resistive torque significantly decreased in both the ESWT and ESWT+IST groups at all velocities (60°/s: P = 0.030, 120°/s: P = 0.039, 180°/s: P = 0.030 and 240°/s: P = 0.042). Conclusions Extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with IST can significantly improve calf triceps spasm in patients after a stroke.
Distinct physiological characteristics and altered glucagon signaling in GHRH knockout mice: Implications for longevity

Our previous research has demonstrated that mice lacking functional growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) exhibit distinct physiological characteristics, including an extended lifespan, a preference for lipid utilization during rest, mild hypoglycemia, and heightened insulin sensitivity. They also show a further increase in lifespan when subjected to caloric restriction. These findings suggest a unique response to fasting, which motivated our current study on the response to glucagon, a key hormone released from the pancreas during fasting that regulates glucose levels, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Our study investigated the effects of an acute glucagon challenge on female GHRH knockout mice and revealed that they exhibit reduced glucose production, likely due to suppressed gluconeogenesis. However, these mice showed an increase in energy expenditure. We also observed alterations in pancreatic islet architecture, with smaller islets and a reduction of insulin‐producing beta cells but no changes in glucagon‐producing alpha cells. Additionally, the analysis of hepatic glucagon signaling showed a decrease in glucagon receptor expression and phosphorylated CREB. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the unique metabolic phenotype observed in these long‐lived mice may be partly explained by changes in glucagon signaling. Further exploration of this pathway may lead to new insights into the regulation of longevity in mammals.
Microstructural mechanisms of hysteresis and transformation width in NiTi alloy from molecular dynamics simulations

Martensitic transformations in shape memory alloys are often accompanied by thermal hysteresis, and engineering this property is of prime scientific interest. The martensitic transformation can be characterized as thermoelastic, where the extent of the transformation is determined by a balance between thermodynamic driving force and stored elastic energy. Here we used molecular dynamics simulations of the NiTi alloy to explore hysteresis-inducing mechanisms and thermoelastic behavior by progressively increasing microstructural constraints from single crystals to bi-crystals to polycrystals. In defect-free single crystals, the austenite-martensite interface moves unimpeded with a high velocity. In bi-crystals, grain boundaries act as significant obstacles to the transformation and produce hysteresis by requiring additional nucleation events. In polycrystals, the transformation is further limited by the thermoelastic balance. The stored elastic energy can be converted to mechanisms of non-elastic strain accommodation, which also produce hysteresis. We further demonstrated that the thermoelastic behavior can be controlled by adjusting microstructural constraints.
Everyday life experiences of Chinese community-dwelling oldest old who live alone at home

ABSTRACT Purpose Older adults aged ≥ 80 years living alone at home are more likely to experience challenges. Daily life experiences regarding living alone are still limited in the Asian context. This study explored the everyday life experiences of older Chinese residents living alone at home. Research questions included: (1) How do Chinese community-dwelling old people describe everyday life experiences related to living alone? (2) What kind of difficulties and needs do Chinese community-dwelling older people living alone face in everyday lives? (3) How do Chinese community-dwelling older people cope with challenges faced in their everyday lives related to living alone? Methods This was qualitative descriptive research. Purposive sampling was adopted to recruit 13 participants aged 80–92 years of age from communities and one hospital. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data which was analysed by conventional content analysis. Results Three themes were identified: theme 1–difficulty in finding a sense of belonging, theme 2–striving to maintain independence, theme 3–hard to gain a sense of control. Conclusions This study provided novel insights into understanding the difficulties and needs of Chinese older people living alone at home. Three key challenges and associated strategies they used to cope with in daily lives were presented.
Testosterone and the heart: friend or foe?

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women aged 65 years and older. Sex hormones have been implicated as having a critical role in the evolution of CVD, with the focus mainly on estrogens in women. Available data also indicate that low testosterone blood levels may be detrimental to cardiovascular function in women. At blood concentrations considered normal for premenopausal women, testosterone has favorable effects on blood vessel function (relaxation and contraction), much of which is determined by the endothelial cells that line the inside of blood vessels. Testosterone enhances endothelium-dependent and independent brachial artery vasodilation and has an acute systolic blood pressure-lowering effect in postmenopausal women. Advantageous effects of testosterone in animal models have been seen for myocardial function and cardiac electrical signaling. Human data are mainly limited to observational and mechanistic studies, which mostly demonstrate beneficial effects of testosterone on cardiovascular health. Few studies of testosterone use in women, with cardiovascular endpoints as primary outcomes, have been published.
A possible role of the South China Sea in ENSO cycle

A data-based hypothesis on the role of the South China Sea (SCS) in ENSO cycle is proposed: during El Nifio, there are westerly wind anomaly over the western equatorial Pacific and positive SST anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Meanwhile anomalous convection moves to the central Pacific with anomalous sinking over Indonesian Archipelago. The latter can cause southerly wind anomaly over the north of South China Sea (NSCS) and makes the NSCS warmer. The warm NSCS can attract the anomalous convection to it in some degree. This attraction is in favor for producing easterly wind anomaly over the western equatorial Pacific, so it helps to form a cycle.