Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemicals and Cytotoxicity of Quercus infectoria Ethyl Acetate Extracts on Human Cancer Cells

Conventional and modern cancer treatment were reported to manifest adverse effects to the patients. More researches were conducted to search for selective cytotoxic agent of plant natural product on cancer cells. The presences of wide range phytochemicals in Quercus infectoria (QI) extract have been implicated with the cytotoxic effect against various types of cancer cell which remain undiscovered. This present study aimed to evaluate cytotoxic effect of QI extracts on selected human cancer cells and then, the most potent extract was further analysed for general phytochemical constituents. QI galls were extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol yielded three main extracts; n-hexane (QIH), ethyl acetate (QIEA) and methanol (QIM), respectively. The most potent extract was qualitatively analysed for the present of tannin, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Next, the extracts were tested to determine the cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer cells (HeLa), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and liver cancer cells (Hep G2) using MTT assay. Cytotoxic activity of QI extracts against normal fibroblast (L929) cell line was also evaluated to determine the cytoselective property. Meanwhile, DMSO-treated cells served as negative control while cisplatin-treated cells served as positive control. The most potent extract then chosen to be further investigated for DNA fragmentation as hallmark of apoptosis using Hoechst staining. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannin, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. QIEA extract exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with (IC50 value = 6.33 ± 0.33 μg/mL) and showed cytoselective property against L929 cells. DNA fragmentation revealed QIEA induced apoptosis in the treated cells. The richness of phytochemical constituents in QIEA extract might contribute to the potency of cytotoxic activity towards HeLa cells.
Barotropic modes, baroclinic modes and equivalent depths in the atmosphere

The equivalent depth of a rotating fluid layer determines the phase speed of all free (i.e. unforced) linear waves that propagate in it. The equivalent depth can be estimated from the eigenvalues of a second‐order differential equation for the vertical dynamics where the mean temperature profile is a coefficient. The eigenfunctions dictate the vertical structure of the modes. This work combines analytic and numerical solutions of the vertical structure equation for various mean temperature profiles and for various combinations of top and bottom boundary conditions relevant to two atmospheric configurations: troposphere and combined troposphere‐stratosphere. Our formulation provides a clear definition of the barotropic mode and the countable baroclinic modes (including the special n = 0 mode). The barotropic mode exists only when the lower boundary condition is the vanishing of the vertical velocity (i.e. when a solid boundary bounds the layer from below) and the equivalent depth of this mode is about 10 km. The n = 0 baroclinic mode does not exist in a layer whose thickness exceeds a threshold value of about 20 km and therefore this mode does not exist in the combined troposphere‐stratosphere layer. The upper boundary condition affects the eigenvalues much more so than the details of the temperature profile, as the details of the temperature profile only affect the equivalent depth in the troposphere. Increasing the height of the upper boundary has little effect on the barotropic mode, but strongly influences the phase speed and vertical structure of the baroclinic modes; a general circulation model with a lid at or below the stratopause where, for example, planetary Rossby waves are present will therefore be incapable of correctly simulating the interaction of these waves with the mean flow. The values of the equivalent depth of baroclinic modes are approximately 10% of the actual layer's depth in all realistic cases.
Extending unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to understand the acceptance of digital textbook for elementary School in Indonesia

The rapid development of technology has led to the change of textbooks from printed to digital forms accessible by students irrespective of their location, thereby improving their overall academic performance. This change is appropriate to the sustainable learning program, where digital textbooks support online learning and students can access material from anywhere and at any time. This research aims to analyze the factors affecting the intention of elementary school teachers to use digital textbooks. Quantitative data were collected and measured from 493 elementary school teachers in Riau, Indonesia, and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that performance expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), Perceived learning opportunities (PLO), Self-efficacy (SE), and Facilitating Condition (FC) positively affected teachers’ intention to use digital textbooks. SI was found to be the factor with the greatest effect on BI. However, attitude, affective need (AN), ICT usage habits, gender, age, and education level did not affect teachers’ intention to use digital textbooks. This research provides important information for the government, decision-makers, and schools on using digital textbooks at the elementary level in the future.
Effect of different flocculants on the flocculation performance of flocculation performance of microalgae, Chaetoceros calcitrans , cells

The possibility of using flocculation technique for the separation of microalgae, Chaetoceros calcitrans, biomass from the culture broth was investigated. The flocculation experiments were conducted in 500 mL beaker using culture broth obtained from 10 L photobioreactor. The harvesting efficiency of 90 and 60% was obtained in flocculation without flocculants conducted for 10 days at 27oC (in light and dark) and 4oC (dark), respectively. Harvesting efficiency higher than 90% with short settling time was achieved by adjusting the culture pH to 10.2 using either sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH). Improved cell viability (> 80%) and settling time with a slight improvement of flocculation efficiency was achieved by the addition of polyelectrolytes flocculant (Magnafloc® LT 27 and LT 25). However, the flocculants were only functioned when the pH of the microalgae culture was pre-adjusted to a certain value that promotes cells entrapment and surface charge neutralization prior to flocculation process. The flocculation efficiency and cell viability obtained in flocculation with Magnafloc® (LT 25 and LT 27) was comparable to that obtained in flocculation with chitosan. When chitosan and Magnafloc® (LT 25 and LT 27) were used as flocculants, the highest flocculation efficiency of C. calcitrans cells was observed at pH 8 and 10.2, respectively. Substantial increased in sedimentation rate was observed with increasing flocculants dosage though the flocculation efficiency and cell viability were not significantly varied.
The Relationship between God’s Gender, Gender System Justification and Sexism

ABSTRACT Behavioral scientists and feminist theologians have long theorized that religions that primarily conceptualize God (and other divine authority figures) as male can legitimatize the social and political authority of men in society, as well as legitimatize and rationalize gender inequality. In the current study, we examined the relationship between gendered God concepts, Gender Specific System Justification and Ambivalent Sexism. In Studies 1 and 2 we found that individuals with male God concepts were higher in Gender Specific System Justification, hostile sexism (Study 1 and 2) and benevolent sexism (Study 2). In Study 3 we explored the causal relationship between gendered God concepts, Gender Specific System Justification and Ambivalent Sexism using a priming manipulation. Results revealed that individuals primed to think about God as male (vs female) were more likely to support the gender status quo. The effects found across all three studies did not differ across participant gender. Both men and women who conceptualized God as male or were primed with a male image of God were higher in Gender Specific System Justification than other gendered conceptualizations of God. Taken together these results suggest that male God concepts may reinforce the gender status quo. Implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Body Size: Body size and predatory interactions in freshwaters: scaling from individuals to communities

Introduction Body size is an attribute of individual organisms. It affects, or at least is correlated with, a considerable array of physical, physiological and behavioural characteristics that determine where individuals occur and what they do (Elton, 1927; Peters, 1983; Brown et al ., 2004; Woodward, Speirs & Hildrew, 2005c). Such ubiquity makes body size an obvious candidate source of general rules that can be derived from selective processes acting on individuals, but which can also be applied at higher levels of ecological organization (Cousins, 1980; Peters, 1983; Dickie, Kerr & Boudreau, 1987; Yodzis & Innes, 1992; Cohen et al ., 1993; Gaston & Blackburn, 2000; Cohen, Jonsson & Carpenter, 2003; Emmerson & Raffaelli, 2004). Although body size was identified as a key link between natural history aspects of population dynamics and community structure many decades ago (e.g. Hardy, 1924; Elton, 1927; Hutchinson, 1959), these early ideas have languished somewhat until relatively recently. In the last two to three decades a plethora of allometric body-size scaling relationships have been described and used to derive mechanisms to explain, or parameters to model, general patterns in natural systems (e.g. Peters, 1983). Recently, it has been suggested that basal metabolic rate is the fundamental constraint that underpins many of the size-related patterns and processes observed in natural systems, and that a metabolic theory of ecology could, eventually, attain similar importance to that of the genetic theory of evolutionary biology (Brown et al ., 2004; Brown, Allen & Gillooly, this volume).
What Happens After a Fund Family Begins to Offer ETFs?

Motivated by a growing trend where the increasing number of conventional mutual fund families have begun to offer exchange-traded funds (ETFs), we study the effects of ETFs on the actively managed mutual funds (active funds) in the same mutual fund family. Our difference-in-difference investigations and placebo test reveal a significant reduction in the performance of the affiliated active funds after a fund family begins to offer ETFs. To explain this finding, we propose the brand name hypothesis, which posits that issuing ETFs and the accompanying increase in advertising enhance the brand name of a fund family and its affiliated mutual funds. As investors value brand names in addition to the performance of mutual funds, enhancing the brands would lower the fund flow-performance sensitivity. Hence, the incentive and effort to actively manage funds would also decrease. Indeed, the evidence supports this hypothesis. We also find an increase in the expense ratio, fund inflows, and assets under management. Overall, the revenue of active funds increases despite their deteriorating performance. The added revenue also helps to explain why traditional active mutual fund families have begun to offer popular ETFs under the same umbrella of the family’s brand name.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran OIDDE Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Di SMAN 2 Berau Pada Materi Suhu dan Kalor

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran OIDDE terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di SMAN 2 Berau pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan one-group pre-test post-test design. Populasi pada penelitian ini seluruh siswa kelas XI SMAN 2 Berau. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ini siswa kelas XI IPA 3 yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan merupakan instrumen tes tertulis berupa essai sebanyak 10 soal digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis pada materi suhu dan kalor. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh rata-rata pre-test siswa adalah 12,31 dan hasil rata-rata posttest adalah 61,31 serta hasil rata-rata N-Gain sebesar 0,56 termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji-t berpasangan ditemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan hasil pre-test dengan post-test. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran OIDDE terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di SMAN 2 Berau pada materi suhu dan kalor.
Age, Growth and Reproduction of the Goldband Goatfish, Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855), in İskenderun Bay, the Eastern Mediterranean

The age composition, growth parameters, spawning season, sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity and fecundity of the goldband goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis) caught in Iskenderun Bay in the eastern Mediterranean Sea were investigated. Females and males made up 51.6% and 48.4%, respectively, of the particular population of the species. The total length of females ranged from 7.0 cm to 20.5 cm, and of males from 7.0 cm to 17.8 cm. The length (L) - weight (W) relationships for males and females were estimated as W = 0.0118*L2.99 and W = 0.0097*L3.00, respectively. The age data derived from otolith readings were used to estimate the growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation. The estimated parameters were L\infinity = 25.19 cm, K = 0.197 and to = -1.002. The maximum age was 7 for females and 6 for males. The 2-year age group was dominant in the pooled data. Males and females matured at a total length of 11 cm. The monthly values of the gonadosomatic index indicated that spawning occurred mainly between June and September. The fecundity (F) - length relationship was logF = -1.732 + 5.39logL (r = 0.82).
Speakerfilter: Deep Learning-Based Target Speaker Extraction Using Anchor Speech

Speaker extraction aims to separate a target speaker from multiple voices which is useful for applications, e.g. teleconference. In many practical cases, it has an opportunity to get a piece voice of the target speaker in advance, which provides useful information for speaker extraction. This paper addresses the problem of extracting the target speaker from the mixture using a short piece of anchor speech. To effectively utilize anchor speech, we propose a multi-level feature extraction and seamlessly integrate the features into a speech separation model. Experiments are conducted on the two-speaker dataset (WSJ0-mix2) which is widely used for speaker extraction. The systematic evaluation shows that the proposed method significantly outperforms the previous methods and achieves a signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) improvement of 11.3 dB on the unprocessed mixture.
A Deep Learning-Based Surface Defect Inspection System Using Multiscale and Channel-Compressed Features

In machine vision-based surface inspection tasks, defects are typically considered as local anomalies in homogeneous background. However, industrial workpieces commonly contain complex structures, including hallow regions, welding joints, or rivet holes. Such obvious structural interference will inevitably cause a cluttered background and mislead the classification results. Moreover, the sizes of various surface defects might change significantly. Last but not least, it is extremely time-consuming and not scalable to capture large-scale defect data sets to train deep CNN models. To address the challenges mentioned earlier, we first proposed to incorporate multiple convolutional layers with different kernel sizes to increase the receptive field and to generate multiscale features. As a result, the proposed model can better handle the cluttered background and defects of various sizes. Also, we purposely compress the size of parameters in the newly added convolutional layers for better learning of defect-related features using a limited number of training samples. Evaluated in a newly constructed surface defect data set (images contain complex structures and defects of various sizes), our proposed model achieves more accurate recognition results compared with the state-of-the-art surface defect classifiers. Moreover, it is a lightweight model and can deliver real-time processing speed (>100 frames/s) on a computer equipped with a single NVIDIA TITAN X Graphics Processing Unit (12-GB memory).
Empirical analysis on corporate environmental performance and environmental disclosure in an emerging market context

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between environmental performance of firms and the level of voluntary environmental disclosure in emerging markets. ,We used tobit regression OLS and t-test methods to reveal the association between environmental performance and the level of voluntary environmental disclosure. ,We find a significant positive association between the level of discretionary environmental disclosures and corporate environmental performance. The result is in line with the arguments of economics disclosure theory that argues environmentally good performers disclose more. ,Many of the environmentally good firms in Turkey are also listed in the “BIST Sustainability Index,” and this situation can be the result of the relative power of external regulations. Accordingly, it can be suggested to increase the community and governmental pressures for environmental reporting but also gives importance to increase intrinsic motivations for companies to engage in disclosure practices. ,This study shed light on relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure in an emerging market context. Also, it is revisited that the relation between environmental performance and the level of environmental disclosure by testing two different predictions on the level of environmental disclosures.
Marketing Mix AND Customer Satisfaction IN Its Role Toward Customer Loyalty Through Environmental Accounting Moderation

This study aims to investigate the effect of the marketing mix, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty through the role of environmental accounting moderation in the form of a plastic bag diet policy on supermarket customers. This study conducted with to help of survey methods through questionnaires and interviews with 115 selected respondents. The results of respondents' answers have been valid and reliable and subsequently analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) modelling through SmartPLS 3.2. 8 to answer empirical hypotheses. It found that the marketing mix, customer satisfaction and canton plastic dietary policies had a positive and significant direct effect on customer loyalty. Nevertheless, the plastic canting diet policy is not able to be moderation or weaken the relationship between the marketing mix of customer loyalty and the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. This study also discusses theoretically and empirically as well as managerial implications based on research findings.
Potential Predictors for Disease Progression and Medication Evaluation of 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

Background: There are limited studies exploring the early warning indicators for mortality and disease progression, and the association between current treatment and outcome of NCIP. Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, we consecutively enrolled 262 hospitalized patients with confirmed NCIP at Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from Dec 29, 2019 to Feb 17, 2020. Apart from epidemiological, demographic and radiological data, baseline and dynamic change of laboratory, clinical and therapeutic data were compared between patients with different prognosis. Findings: Up to final date of follow-up, 86 (32·8%) patients died and 176 (67·2%) survived, of which 173 (66.0%) were discharged. Compared with survivors, non-survivors were elder (66.5 vs 49.9, p <0.0001), had more comorbidities and more abnormalities in follow-up laboratory tests, including persistent lower levels of lymphocytes, platelets and prealbumin, increasingly higher levels of myoglobin. Higher percentage of non-survivors received respiratory support. There was an increase in inflammatory markers before mechanical ventilation in a total of 79 patients suffering hypoxemia progression, including leukocytes, high-sensitivity-CRP, interleukin-6 and ferritin. More patients were given corticosteroids (61·6% vs 24·4%, p <0·0001) or lopinavir-ritonavir (20·9% vs 11·9%, p =0·082) in non-survivors, while the duration of the therapies showed non-significant difference. Interpretation: Elder patients with more comorbidities and abnormalities in lymphocytes, platelets, prealbumin and myoglobin indicated poor prognosis of NCIP. Leukocytes, high-sensitivity-CRP, IL-6 and ferritin may predict the progression of disease. No evidence supported the effects of corticosteroids and lopinavir-ritonavir in NCIP treatment. Funding Statement: This work was funded in part by a grant from Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The Ethics Commission of Jinyintan Hospital approved this study (KY-2020-03.01). Written informed consent was waived due to the rapid emergence of this infectious disease.
INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF STONE PINE ( Pinus pinea L.) CURRENT AND FUTURE POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE IN TURKEY

Climate change has negative effects on especially plant species that have a limited habitat. In this context, the stone pine ( Pinus pinea L.), which has a limited distribution, is prominent with its economic, ecological and aesthetical characteristics, and it is frequently preferred in afforestation. In this study, the habitats in Turkey that are suitable for distribution of P. pinea L. were modelled by using Maxent based on high-resolution environmental data. In total, 13 field-based occurrence points and 19 bioclimatic variables were used to model the potential distribution area under current and two prediction model (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5)
Problem-Based Learning in University Studies on Renewable Energies: Case of a Laboratory Windpump

In the last eight years, the new faculty of Engineering in Renewable Energies at the University of the Basque Country in Eibar has developed several sustainability goals related to clean energy and climate change, but also in educative terms related to co-operative learning, motivation, and reflective thinking. The case of the laboratory-windpump challenge is paradigmatic in this sense, since it constitutes successful problem-based learning for the students in terms of the activation of heuristic tools (analogies or diagrams), critical discussions combining complex ideas about aerodynamics, mechanics and hydraulics, and a good group atmosphere. The conclusions of this work are supported by qualitative and quantitative results within a theoretical background based on the logic of discovery and its corresponding constructive-learning strategy, rather than on the logic of justification with given and well-known aprioristic assumptions.