Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applied Computational Economics and Finance

From the Publisher: This book presents a variety of computational methods used to solve dynamic problems in economics and finance. It emphasizes practical numerical methods rather than mathematical proofs and focuses on techniques that apply directly to economic analyses. The examples are drawn from a wide range of subspecialties of economics and finance, with particular emphasis on problems in agricultural and resource economics, macroeconomics, and finance. The book also provides an extensive Web-site library of computer utilities and demonstration programs. The book is divided into two parts. The first part develops basic numerical methods, including linear and nonlinear equation methods, complementarity methods, finite-dimensional optimization, numerical integration and differentiation, and function approximation. The second part presents methods for solving dynamic stochastic models in economics and finance, including dynamic programming, rational expectations, and arbitrage pricing models in discrete and continuous time. The book uses MATLAB to illustrate the algorithms and includes a utilities toolbox to help readers develop their own computational economics applications.
Climate change, urbanization, and optimal long‐term floodplain protection

This paper examines levee‐protected floodplains and economic aspects of adaptation to increasing long‐term flood risk due to urbanization and climate change. The lower American River floodplain in the Sacramento, California, metropolitan area is used as an illustration to explore the course of optimal floodplain protection decisions over long periods. A dynamic programming model is developed and suggests economically desirable adaptations for floodplain levee systems given simultaneous changes in flood climate and urban land values. Economic engineering optimization analyses of several climate change and urbanization scenarios are made. Sensitivity analyses consider assumptions about future values of floodplain land and damageable property along with the discount rate. Methodological insights and policy lessons are drawn from modeling results, reflecting the joint effects and relationships that climate, economic costs, and regional economic growth can have on floodplain levee planning decisions.
A comparative study of methods for estimating virtual flux at the point of common coupling in grid connected voltage source converters with LCL filter

Grid connected Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) with LCL filters usually have voltage measurements at the filter capacitors, while it can be important to control the active or reactive power injection at the grid-side of the LCL filter, for instance at a Point of Common Coupling (PCC). Synchronization to the PCC voltage can be obtained by Virtual Flux (VF) estimation, which can also allow for voltage sensor-less operation of VSCs. This paper is presenting a comparative evaluation of methods for estimating the VF at the PCC, considering a VSC connected to the grid through an LCL filter with a Proportional Resonant (PR) controller as the inner current control loop. The VF estimation is achieved by using frequency adaptive dual SOGI-QSGs (DSOGI-VF). The Frequency Locked Loop (FLL) is used in order to keep the positive and negative sequence (PNS) VF estimation inherently frequency adaptive. Three different methods are considered for obtaining the capacitor current needed for estimating the VF at the grid side of the LCL filter which are based on fully estimation by using the voltage sensor-less method, by estimating the capacitor current from the measured voltage or by using additional capacitor current sensors. The results have been compared and validated by simulation studies.
Goodbye Pareto Principle , Hello Long Tail : The Effect of Search Costs on the Concentration of Product Sales This version : November 2007

Many markets have historically been dominated by a small number of best-selling products. The Pareto Principle, also known as the 80/20 rule, describes this common pattern of sales concentration. However, by greatly lowering search costs, information technology in general and Internet markets in particular have the potential to substantially increase the collective share of niche products, thereby creating a longer tail in the distribution of sales. This paper investigates how demand-side factors contribute to the Internet’s “Long Tail” phenomenon. It first models how a reduction in search costs will affect the concentration in product sales. Then, by analyzing data collected from a multi-channel retailing company, it provides empirical evidence that the Internet channel exhibits a significantly less concentrated sales distribution, when compared with traditional channels. The difference in the sales distribution is highly significant, even after controlling for consumer differences. Furthermore, the effect is particularly strong for individuals with more prior experience using the Internet channel. We find evidence that Internet purchases made by consumers with prior Internet experience are more skewed toward obscure products, compared with consumers who have no such experience. We observe the opposite outcome when comparing purchases by the same consumers through the catalog channel. If the relationships we uncover persist, the underlying trends in technology and search costs portend an ongoing shift in the distribution of product sales. We thank Chris Anderson, Jerry Hausman, Lorin Hitt, Hank Lucas, Jiwoong Shin, Hal Varian, Pai-Ling Yin, seminar participants at Carnegie Mellon University, New York University, University of Minnesota, University of Pennsylvania, Yale University, the Workshop on Information Systems and Economics (WISE), and the 2007 American Economic Association Annual Meeting (AEA) for valuable comments on this paper. Generous funding was provided by the MIT Center for Digital Business and NSF Grant IIS0085725. * MIT Sloan School of Management; email: erikb@mit.edu; web: http://digital.mit.edu/erik ** Purdue University, Krannert School of Management; email: yuhu@purdue.edu *** MIT Sloan School of Management; email: simester@mit.edu
Microspheres as Surrogate Helminth Eggs: A Comparative Labscale Sedimentation Study for Tap- and Wastewater

Re-use of water containing helminth eggs during irrigation for agricultural purposes poses health risks, and likewise during research, due to the potential of spreading on contact. Therefore, polystyrene latex microspheres could be used as surrogates for chemical or biological species during colloidal transport. The aim here is to compare the settling velocities of microspheres having varied surface coatings—that is, proteins A, G and A/G; with that of real helminth eggs obtained from literature. The settling velocities of the microspheres were experimentally determined in tap- and wastewater, as well as theoretically in tap water; which was found to be within the range of mean values for those experimentally determined. There were no differences amongst the microspheres types used for settling in wastewater (i.e., A = 0.072 ± 0.02; G = 0.060 ± 0.03; A/G = 0.053 ± 0.01 mm/s). The same applied for settling in tap water (i.e., A = 0.068 ± 0.02; G = 0.047 ± 0.004; A/G = 0.095 ± 0.02 mm/s), except for microsphere G being different from microsphere A/G. All three types of microspheres settled at velocities lower than that of the wastewater particles (=0.118 ± 0.03). T-test analyses of settling velocities of microspheres in both tap- and wastewater, versus that from literature (i.e., Ascaris, Trichuris and Oesophagostomum), showed that microsphere A and A/G may surrogate for Ascaris in tap water, the same as A/G for Oesophagostomum. In wastewater however, both microspheres A and G are a good fit for Trichuris.
Production geochemistry: fluids don't lie and the devil is in the detail

Abstract The application of production geochemistry techniques has been shown to provide abundant and often low-cost high-value fluid information that helps to maximize and safeguard production. Critical aspects to providing successful data relate to the appropriate sampling strategy and sampling selection which are generally project-aim-specific. In addition, the continuous direct integration of the production geochemistry data with subsurface and surface understanding is pivotal. Examples from two specific areas have been presented including: (a) the effective use of IsoTubes in the production realm; and (b) the application of geochemical fingerprinting primarily based on multidimensional gas chromatography. Mud gas stable carbon isotopes from low-cost IsoTubes have been shown to be very effective in recognizing within-well fluid compartments, as well as recognizing specific hydrocarbon seals in overburden section, including the selective partial seal for only C2+ gas species. With respect to geochemical fingerprinting, examples have been presented related to reservoir surveillance including compartmentalization, lateral and vertical connectivity, as well as fluid movements and fault/baffle breakthrough. The production-related examples focus on fluid allocation within a single well, as well as on its application for pipeline residence times, fluid identification and well testing.
Effects of Dietary Counseling on Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Renata Dobrila-Dintinjana1, Dragan Trivanovic2, Marijan Dintinjana3, Jelena Vukelic4 and Nenad Vanis5 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, School of Medicine, 2General Hospital Pula, Department of Internal Medicine, 3Clinic of General Medicine Dr Dintinjana, 4Department of Speech and Hearing Disorders Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 5Division for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 1,2,3,4Croatia 5Bosnia and Herzegovina
On Containment of Conjunctive Queries with Arithmetic Comparisons (Extended Version)

In this paper we study the following problem: how to test whether is contained in ,w here and are conjunctive queries with arithmetic comparisons? This problem is fundamental in a large variety of database applications. Existing algorithms first normalize the queries, then test a logical implication using multiple containment mappings from to . We are interested in cases where the containment can be tested more efficiently. This work is mainly motivated by (1) reducing the problem complexity from -completeness to NP-completeness in these cases; and (2) utilizing the advantages of the homomorphism property (i.e., the containment test is based on a single containment mapping), in applications such as those of answering queries using views. The following are our results. (1) We show several cases where the normalization step is not needed, thus reducing the size of the queries and, more importantly, reducing the number of containment mappings. (2) We find large classes of queries where the homomorphism property holds. (3) We further reduce the conditions of these classes using practical domain knowledge that is easily obtainable. (4) We conducted experiments on real queries, and show that most of the queries have this homomorphism property.
KARAKTERISTIK HUNIAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH KAMPUNG SAPIRIA KELURAHAN LEMBO KOTA MAKASSAR

Abstrak_ Pemenuhan kebutuhan tempat tinggal bagi kaum migran yang seringkali menyewa rumah di bagian pusat kota karena dekat dengan lokasi mata pencaharian berdampak pada terjadinya proses perkembangan bangunan yang tidak terkendali dan menciptakan permukiman kumuh. Kampung Sapiria merupakan salah satu permukiman di Kota Makassar yang didominasi oleh kaum migran. Hal ini karena nilai strategis lokasinya pada tepian air Bantaran Kanal Pannampu ,dekat dengan simpul-simpul jasa distribusi kota, terdapat fasilitas pendidikan, dan kemudahan akses menuju Pelabuhan Paotere serta Tol Reformasi. Kampung Sapiria yang terletak di Kelurahan Lembo merupakan salah satu dari 103 titik kumuh di Kota Makassar dengan luas kumuh 4,53 ha. Lokasi kumuh Kampung Sapiria Kelurahan Lembo berada di RW 002 dan RW 005 berkategori kumuh sedang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik kumuh Kampung Sapiria dari aspek bangunan hunian meliputi ketidakteraturan bangunan, kepadatan bangunan hunian, ketidaksesuaian dengan persyaratan teknis bangunan, dan legalitas bangunan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil identifikasi karakteristik hunian permukiman kumuh Kampung Sapiria diketahui bahwa 28 % bangunan yang memiliki ketidakteraturan, 85 % bangunan hunian yang memiliki luas lantai tidak sesuai standar, 22 % bangunan hunian tidak sesuai persyaratan teknis, 10 % bangunan hunian memiliki IMB dan 5 % dengan status lahan milik. Kata kunci : Migran ; Kekumuhan ; Ketidakteraturan ; Kepadatan ; Legalitas. Abstract ­_ Fulfilling residential needs for migrants who often rent houses in the downtown area as close to livelihood locations has an impact on uncontrolled development of buildings and creating slums. Kampung Sapiria is one of the settlements in Makassar City which is dominated by migrants. This is because of the strategic value of its location on the waterfront of Pannampu Canal, close to the nodes of the city's distribution services, educational facilities, and easy access to Paotere Port and Reform Toll. Kampung Sapiria located in Lembo Village is one of 103 slum point in Makassar City with slum area of 4.53 ha. The slum location of Kampung Sapiria Kelurahan Lembo is located at RW 002 and RW 005 is categorized as slum. This study aims to identify the slum characteristics of Kampung Sapiria from the aspects of residential buildings including building irregularity, density of residential buildings, nonconformities with the technical requirements of the building, and the legality of the building. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. The result of identification of residential characteristics of Kampung Sapiria slums is known that 28% of buildings have irregularities, 85% of residential buildings with non-standard floor area, 22% of residential buildings are not in accordance with technical requirements, 10% of residential buildings have IMB and 5% property. Keywords : Migrants; The slums; Irregularities; Density; Legality.
Review on Research of the Negative Air Ion Concentration Distribution and its Correlation with Meteorological Elements in Mountain Tourist Area

This paper focuses on the research progress of the negative air ion concentration distribution characteristics and its correlation with meteorological elements in mountain tourist areas for recent decades in China. Many researches showed that the distribution of negative air ion in mountain tourist areas has obvious daily and seasonal variations, and its space changes also have regularity. In a day, the NAI concentration will appear alternately with peaks and troughs. The changes of NAI concentration are the summer, autumn high, winter and spring low, the highest in summer, the lowest in winter. In the middle and low altitude areas, NAI concentration is positively correlated with elevation, and negative correlation in high altitude. The concentration of NAI is related to wind speed, air humidity, air temperature, solar radiation, weather conditions, and other meteorological elements. Most research results show that humidity is the most important meteorological factor affecting NAI concentration. The NAI concentration in mountainous scenic spots is significantly positively correlated with relative humidity and rainfall intensity, positively correlated with wind speed and solar radiation, negatively correlated with air temperature. However, due to different sources of monitoring data, observations difference in time, different sample size and other elements, the conclusions on negative air ion concentration distribution characteristics and its correlation with the meteorological factors are not entirely consistent. Negative air ion monitoring equipment should be gradually standardize to ensure the reliability of monitoring data in the future, while we should take advantage of years of continuous observations to carry the study of correlation between negative air ion and meteorological factors, and this will provide a theoretical basis for negative air ion concentration forecasts.
Evaluation and Compliance of Passenger Restrictions in a Graduated Driver Licensing Program

Teen drivers are several times more likely to become involved in a crash when traveling with one, two, and three or more passengers as compared to traveling alone. Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws in 37 States (as of January 2007) limit the number of passengers that may travel with a newly licensed 16-year-old driver. The effects of these laws were evaluated in three States: California (compared with Arizona), Massachusetts (compared with Connecticut), and Virginia (compared with Maryland). Time series analysis showed that 16-year-old driver crash involvements were reduced (740 per year in California; 173 in Massachusetts; and 454 in Virginia) as were motor vehicle related injuries among 15- to 17-year-olds (drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or bicyclists) in all three States. Parents and teens in focus groups reported that the restriction was often violated. Police reported that the law was often difficult to enforce. Nevertheless, even incomplete adherence to the law had a positive impact on both teen driver crashes and injuries.
MULTIMODAL INPUT FUSION IN HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION On the Example of the NICE Project

In this paper, we address the modality integration issue on the example of a system that aims at enabling users to combine their speech and 2D gestures when interacting with life-like characters in an educative game context. In a preliminary limited fashion, we investigate and present the use of combined input speech, 2D gesture and environment entities for user system interaction.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A Large-Scale Analysis of Mixed Initiative in Information-Seeking Dialogues for Conversational Search

Conversational search is a relatively young area of research that aims at automating an information-seeking dialogue. In this article, we help to position it with respect to other research areas within conversational artificial intelligence (AI) by analysing the structural properties of an information-seeking dialogue. To this end, we perform a large-scale dialogue analysis of more than 150K transcripts from 16 publicly available dialogue datasets. These datasets were collected to inform different dialogue-based tasks including conversational search. We extract different patterns of mixed initiative from these dialogue transcripts and use them to compare dialogues of different types. Moreover, we contrast the patterns found in information-seeking dialogues that are being used for research purposes with the patterns found in virtual reference interviews that were conducted by professional librarians. The insights we provide (1) establish close relations between conversational search and other conversational AI tasks and (2) uncover limitations of existing conversational datasets to inform future data collection tasks. A Large-scale Analysis of Mixed Initiative in Information-Seeking Dialogues for Conversational Search.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets Investigating Sources of Mercury’s Crustal Magnetic Field: Further Mapping of MESSENGER Magnetometer Data

One hundred six low-altitude passes of magnetometer data from the last 2 months of the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging mission have been applied to produce a map of the crustal magnetic field at a constant altitude of 40 km covering latitudes of 35–75∘ N and longitudes of 270–90∘ E. Some anomalies correlate significantly with impact basins/craters (e.g., Rustaveli and Vyasa), while other basins/craters have no obvious anomalies. A possible interpretation that is consistent with lunar evidence is that some impactors delivered more ferromagnetic Fe–Ni metal to the interior subsurfaces and ejecta fields of the craters/basins that they produced. The amount of metallic iron that could plausibly be delivered is limited by the diameter and mass of an impactor that would yield a crater with observed diameters (e.g., 200 km for Rustaveli). This in turn limits the maximum amplitude of anomalies that could be induced by impactor-added iron in the present-day Mercury global field to relatively low values. It is therefore concluded that if impactor-added iron is the source of the observed crater-associated anomalies, then they must be almost entirely a consequence of ancient remanent magnetization. A broad magnetic anomaly occurs over the northern rise, a topographically high region with an associated strong free air gravity anomaly. A possible interpretation of the latter anomaly is that an early major impact preconditioned the region for a later mantle uplift event. Plain Language Summary The origin of crustal magnetic anomalies on heavily cratered, airless bodies like the Moon and Mercury remains uncertain. Mapping of MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging magnetometer data at northern midlatitudes on Mercury shows that magnetic anomalies are concentrated near and within some impact basins and craters but not others. The association of anomalies with some craters but not others is consistent with the hypothesis that metallic iron in some impactors (either in an iron core or distributed in the body) was mixed into impact melt and ejecta which then became magnetized while cooling in a former core dynamo magnetic field. Other impactors containing little metallic iron (e.g., cometary nuclei) would have produced no magnetic anomalies. The amount of metallic iron that could plausibly have been delivered by impactors is too small to explain observed anomaly amplitudes as being induced by permeability in the present-day Mercury global magnetic field. Permanent (remanent) magnetization originating in the early history of the planet is therefore required. One magnetic anomaly is found over the northern rise, a topographically high region with a strong gravity anomaly. This anomaly may indicate that an early major impact weakened the outer lithosphere, allowing a later mantle plume to uplift the region.
Vulnerability of Caribbean Island-nations to Future Climate Change

of a thesis at the University of Miami. Thesis supervised by José Maria Cardoso da Silva. No. pages in text. (111) The Caribbean is predicted to be one of the most impacted regions by climate change. However, the impacts of climate change will not be uniformly felt across the region due to the inherent geographic properties and unique socioeconomic characteristics that define each nation individually. This thesis has two goals. First, the vulnerability of thirteen island-nations in the Caribbean to future climate change is estimated by combining indicators of green infrastructure, socioeconomic infrastructure, and future climate change risks. Second, the contribution of five explanatory variables (GDP per capita, population density, land area size, political stability, and years of independence) to the variation in climate change vulnerability among island-nations across the Caribbean is evaluated. The study reveals that none of the Caribbean island-nations are well prepared to face the challenges of future climate change. The most vulnerable Caribbean nation to climate change is Trinidad & Tobago and the least vulnerable nation is Cuba. The study also found that the five explanatory variables are weak predictors of vulnerability among Caribbean island-nations, a result that challenges some generalizations proposed at the global scale. Overall, the findings demonstrate that geographic location is a major driver of each nations’ vulnerability to climate change rather than the presence of adequate green and socioeconomic infrastructure. Island-nations in the Caribbean should move quickly to incorporate climate change concerns into their national policies if they aim to increase their resilience to an ever-changing climate.