Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Introductions of Reassorted Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5Nx Viruses Clade 2.3.4.4b Causing Outbreaks in Wild Birds and Poultry in The Netherlands, 2020-2021

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are spread by migratory wild birds. Viruses causing outbreaks in wild birds and poultry in the Netherlands in 2020–2021 were genetically analyzed, which suggested that multiple virus incursions occurred. ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5Nx caused outbreaks in poultry, captive birds, and wild birds in the Netherlands between October 2020 and June 2021. The full genome sequences of 143 viruses were analyzed. HPAI viruses were mainly of subtype H5N8, followed by H5N1, but also viruses of subtypes H5N3, H5N4, and H5N5 were detected. At least seven distinct genotypes were found, carrying closely related H5 segments belonging to clade 2.3. 4.4b. Molecular clock analysis suggests that the reassortments of the NA gene segments likely occurred before the introduction of these viruses into the Netherlands. Genetic analysis suggested that multiple independent introductions of HPAI H5N8 viruses occurred in the Netherlands, likely followed by local spread resulting in at least two clusters of related viruses. The analysis provided evidence for independent introductions from wild birds at 10 poultry farms, whereas for two outbreaks transmission between farms could not be excluded. HPAI H5Nx viruses were detected in dead wild birds of 33 species, but mostly infected geese and swans were found. The pathogenicity of the H5N8 virus was determined for chickens and Pekin ducks, showing reduced mortality for ducks. This study provides more insight into the genetic diversity of HPAI H5Nx viruses generated by reassortment and evolution, and the spread of these viruses between wild birds and poultry. The fast and continuing evolution of H5 clade 2.3. 4.4b may provide opportunities for these viruses to adapt to specific bird species, or possibly mammalian species and humans. IMPORTANCE Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are spread by migratory wild birds. Viruses causing outbreaks in wild birds and poultry in the Netherlands in 2020–2021 were genetically analyzed, which suggested that multiple virus incursions occurred. The outbreaks in poultry were likely caused by independent introductions from wild birds; only in one case virus spread between farms could not be excluded. Viruses of subtype H5N8 were mainly observed, but also other subtypes were detected that likely evolved by exchange of genetic information before these viruses were introduced into the Netherlands. Viruses were detected in many species of dead wild birds, but mostly in geese and swans. We showed that the H5N8 virus causes a higher mortality in chickens compared to ducks. This is consistent with the fact that not many wild ducks were found dead. This study provides more insight in the evolution and spread of HPAI viruses in wild birds and poultry.
Seeing Yourself as a Scientist: Increasing Science Identity Using Professional Development Modules Designed for Undergraduate Students

As educators, we should not assume that students are progressing toward intended STEM careers simply because they have persisted and received a STEM degree. In addition to learning biology content and scientific skills, students need guidance in making optimal career choices. ABSTRACT As educators, we should not assume that students are progressing toward intended STEM careers simply because they have persisted and received a STEM degree. In addition to learning biology content and scientific skills, students need guidance in making optimal career choices. In this study, we present seven career development modules designed specifically to motivate students to consider their successes as scientists and to consider applying their biological knowledge and scientific skills to a range of biology careers. These modules highlight the value and the utility of a biology degree and are, therefore, designed to increase students’ self-confidence as well as their science and biology identities. The career development modules presented here are easy to implement and, in our experience, encourage engagement and class discussions. Our analyses confirm that these modules collectively increase student science and biology identities, two predictors for entry into STEM careers.
Evaluating the use of hyperspectral imagery to calculate raster-based wetland vegetation condition indicator

Field observations and measurements of wetland plants have traditionally been used to monitor and evaluate wetland condition; however, there has been increasing use of remote sensing applications for rapid evaluations of wetland productivity and change. Combining key aspects of field- and remote sensing-based wetland evaluation methods can provide more efficient or improved biological indices. This exploratory study set out to develop a raster-based Wetland Vegetation Condition Indicator system that used airborne hyperspectral imagery-derived data to estimate plant-community quality (via wetland classification and Coefficient of Conservatism) and vegetation biomass (estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The Wetland Vegetation Condition Indicator system was developed for three Lake Ontario wetland areas and compared to a field-based floristic quality index and a dominant-plant based Floristic quality indexdom. The indicator system serves as a proof-of-concept that capitalized on the spatial and spectral attributes of high-resolution imagery to quantify and characterize the quality and quantity of wetland vegetation. A Pearson correlation analysis showed moderate r values of 0.59 and 0.62 for floristic quality index and floristic quality indexdom, respectively, compared to the indicator method. The differences are potentially due to the spatial resolution of the imagery and the indicator method only accounting for the dominant plants within each assessment unit (pixel), therefore disregarding understory plants or those with low abundance. However, the multi-metric Wetland Vegetation Condition Indicator approach shows promise as an indicator of wetland condition by using remotely sensed data, which could be useful for more efficient landscape-scale assessments of wetland health, resilience, and recovery.
Arsenic in drinking water and kidney cancer: a systematic review

Abstract Object Arsenic as a chemical is found in rock, soil, air and used in various industries and their products, such as colors, hairs, and fertilizers. Humans may be exposed to arsenic mainly through food and drinking water. Due to its adverse health effects, its presence in drinking water has become a public health concern. Methods In this systematic review, we investigated the relationship between arsenic concentration in drinking water and the risk of kidney cancer in humans. For this reason, various electronic databases were searched from 1992 February to November 2021. In this review, three ecological studies, two case-control studies, and four cohort studies were investigated. Results High levels of arsenic (100 μg/L) have been reported in many countries such as southwest Taiwan, Niigata, Argentine, and northern Chile. A significant relationship was observed between kidney cancer incidence and its mortality rate with high arsenic levels in drinking water. Conclusions Despite the limitations in some previous studies, reviewing and comparing the data of different regions indicates a scientific relationship between kidney cancer incidence and high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water.
Colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor inhibition attenuates microgliosis and myelin loss but exacerbates neurodegeneration in the chronic cuprizone model

Multiple sclerosis (MS), especially in its progressive phase, involves early axonal and neuronal damage resulting from a combination of inflammatory mediators, demyelination, and loss of trophic support. During progressive disease stages, a microenvironment is created within the central nervous system (CNS) favoring the arrival and retention of inflammatory cells. Active demyelination and neurodegeneration have also been linked to microglia (MG) and astrocyte (AST)‐activation in early lesions. While reactive MG can damage tissue, exacerbate deleterious effects, and contribute to neurodegeneration, it should be noted that activated MG possess neuroprotective functions as well, including debris phagocytosis and growth factor secretion. The progressive form of MS can be modeled by the prolonged administration to cuprizone (CPZ) in adult mice, as CPZ induces highly reproducible demyelination of different brain regions through oligodendrocyte (OLG) apoptosis, accompanied by MG and AST activation and axonal damage. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the effects of a reduction in microglial activation through orally administered brain‐penetrant colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R) inhibitor BLZ945 (BLZ) on neurodegeneration and its correlation with demyelination, astroglial activation, and behavior in a chronic CPZ‐induced demyelination model. Our results show that BLZ treatment successfully reduced the microglial population and myelin loss. However, no correlation was found between myelin preservation and neurodegeneration, as axonal degeneration was more prominent upon BLZ treatment. Concomitantly, BLZ failed to significantly offset CPZ‐induced astroglial activation and behavioral alterations. These results should be taken into account when proposing the modulation of microglial activation in the design of therapies relevant for demyelinating diseases.
Hackathon Approach: Its Contributions on Collaboration and Teamwork Skills: A Case Study in Maritime Sector

The main objective of this study was to examine how the use of a hackathon approach impacts the collaboration and teamwork skills. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from an observation carried out during a hackathon conducted in France with 70 participants. A survey was also developed to analyse the participants’ perception of the different dimensions of the intra-team collaboration. In this study a positive impact of a hackathon was observed on the intra-team collaboration and on the development of hard and soft skills of the participants. The format of a hackathon could be used at the company scale to speed up employees’ learning process. Thus, team learning could be improved and accelerated by the hackathon approach, through the sharing of experience and knowledge of people with various backgrounds, the caring nature of the team, and their willingness to meet the challenge all together.
A New Medical Image Fusion Approach Using Spatial Attention and Weighted Local Energy

∗ Medical image fusion technology has become a powerful tool for assisting physicians in diagnosing diseases and locating lesions since it can integrate various pathological information given by single modal medical images. This paper proposes a novel multi-modality medical image fusion approach in generalized riesz-wavelet transform (GRWT) domain. Two source images are de-constructed by GRWT into low-frequency sub-band and high-frequency sub-band. Then a spatial attention based fusion rule and a weighted local energy (WLE) fusion rule are adopted for low-frequency sub-band and high-frequency sub-band respectively. After performing the inverse GRWT, final fused image is obtained. The proposed method is tested on two cases of MRI-CT group and MRI-PET group. Qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluations are performed on the proposed method with better performance in AG,Q_NCIE,PSNR,SF and RMSE. The results suggest that our
Artificial Intelligence Was Used To Analyze the Effects of Job Burnout on Job Stability of Professional Infection Managers in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals

To know the current situation of job burnout and job stability of full-time infection management staff in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital, and to explore the influence of job burnout on job stability. By using the stratified sampling and cluster sampling, 41 TCM hospitals infection management full-time staff in Shaanxi Province were selected in January 2017 to investigate their general situation, job burnout and job stability, and to analyze the impact of job burnout on job stability, which combined a series of computer-based data analysis methods. The scores of job burnout and job stability for full-time infection management staff in TCM hospital were 44.55±13.69 and 16.48±3.79 respectively. The multiple regression analysis showed that job burnout could negatively predict job stability. Among them, job burnout and gender were the main influencing factors of job stability I (β= - 0.365. - 0.282, P<0.05), job burnout was the main influencing factor of job stability II (β= - 0.430, P<0.05). Job burnout of full-time infection management staff in TCM hospital is at a mild level, with good job stability. Job burnout has a great influence on the possibility of quitting the current job and the motivation of looking for other jobs of full-time infection management staff in TCM hospital.
Technology-Assisted Problem-Based Learning against Common Problem-Based Learning in Cultivating Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills: A Meta-Analysis

This study aims to compare the effect of technology-assisted problem-based learning (PBL) and the common PBL in cultivating students' mathematical critical thinking skills (MCTS). A meta-analysis was used to conduct this study by selecting the random effect model. The Q Cochrane and Z test were employed to analyze data supported by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Literature search using some databases such as Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and DOAJ found 155 documents. The final process of literature selection established 30 documents published from 2017 to 2021 and indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results showed that the effect size of technology-assisted PBL on students’ MCTS was g = 0,979 (moderate effect), while the effect size of common PBL on students’ MCTS was g = 0,606 (moderate effect). In addition, there was a significant difference of MCTS between students who got technology-assisted PBL and students who got common PBL. It interprets that in cultivating students’ MCTS, the implementation of technology-assisted PBL was better than the implementation of common PBL. So, the use of technology in mathematics learning to support PBL should be employed by mathematics teachers in cultivating students’ MCTS.
The effects of team diversity on a team process and team performance in the National Hockey League

The Effects of Team Diversity on a Team Process and Team Performance in the National Hockey League. (December 2006) David Scott Waltemyer, B.S., Towson University; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. George B. Cunningham The purpose of this research was to build upon, and extend, the sport diversity research. Specifically, Study 1 adopted a compositional approach to examine the effects of ethnicity, age, and team tenure on a team process (team assists), and their indirect effects on overall team performance (team points) through that team process. Hierarchical regression analyses, after controlling for team ability, indicated that the block of diversity variables accounted for 6.5% (p < .05) of the variance in team assists. Further results indicated that ethnic diversity was significantly, and negatively, related to team assists, while age and team tenure diversity were not related to team assists. In turn, team assists accounted for 22% (p < .001) of the variance in team points, above and beyond team ability. Team assists were significantly, and positively, related to overall team performance. Results suggest that team diversity does impact team processes and, indirectly, team performance. Study 2 adopted a relational approach to examine how being similar, or dissimilar, influences the dyadic relationship between the goal scorer and assistor. The MANOVA analyses were significant for ethnicity, Wilks’ Λ = . 976 (p < .001), age group, Wilks’ Λ = . 952 (p < .001), and team tenure group, Wilks’ Λ = . 896
English Semantic Analysis Method Based on Bi-LSTM Network

Semantic analysis is a hot and difficult problem in the field of natural language processing for many years. English frame semantic role recognition is an important part of English oriented frame semantic analysis. At present, the neural network based on bidirectional long-term and short-term memory (bilstm) is widely used in semantic role recognition and annotation tasks, and has achieved good results. However, this kind of model also has some problems, such as unstable prediction results and poor reproducibility. Therefore, this paper studies the semantic analysis based on bil-stm model, which plays a good role.
The Use of CABRI Software in Mathematics Learning for Cultivating Geometrical Conceptual Understanding: A Meta-Analysis

This study aims to estimate and examine the effect of the use of CABRI software in cultivating students' geometrical conceptual understanding across participants' country, education level, mathematics material, class capacity, and treatment duration. A meta-analysis by selecting the random effect model was employed to carry out this study. The literature search utilizing Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar found 81 documents. The final document selection established 11 journal articles published from 2009 to 2020 and indexed by Scopus and Google Scholar. The Z and Q Cochrane test were used to analyze the data. Results showed that the use of CABRI software had a moderate positive effect (g = 0,573) on students’ geometrical conceptual understanding. Moreover, the use of CABRI software cultivated students’ geometrical conceptual understanding. Furthermore, some factors such as participant's country, class capacity, and treatment duration moderated the gap of students' geometrical conceptual understanding levels. This study suggests mathematics teachers or lecturers use CABRI Software as a tool to cultivate students' geometrical conceptual understanding.
Transient Thermal Analysis as a Test Method for the Reliability Investigation of High Power LEDs during Temperature Cycle Tests

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are today standard and mature light sources. They have several key advantages, like small size, low energy consumption and long lifetime. However, high reliability of the LED system is required to achieve long lifetime of the light source. Thermo-mechanical stress due to temperature cycle causes failure of electronic systems. The electronic component itself or the interconnect device, e.g. printed circuit board (PCB) might fail. In many cases, the weakest link is found to be the solder interconnect between package and the board. Cracking of the interconnect causes an open contact and the system fails. In this paper we compare the existing methods to investigate LED interconnect failures during temperature cycle tests like the simple “light-on-test”, electric resistance measurement and the shear test. We describe and introduce the transient thermal analysis as a measurement method. We present the first reliability data analysis with transient thermal analysis of ceramic high po.
An Empirical Study of Relationship Marketing Orientation and Bank Performance

In this research we examined the practice of Relationship Marketing Orientation (RMO) in Nigerian banks, to replicate the study of Sin, et al (2005) with a conceptual model and measurement scales of RMO in the Nigerian business environment. The six multi-item scales of RMO were tested for reliability and validity using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis through the SPSS statistical tool. The results showed a strong evidence of validity, unidimensionality and reliability using samples from 123 bank branches in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The result further revealed the practice of RMO in the Nigerian Banks and that the RMO dimensions positively correlate with the Business Performance measures used in the study. The results were discussed and recommendations advanced for further research in the area of RMO as a new marketing paradigm.
Working from Home During the Corona Pandemic: Investigating the Role of Authentic Leadership, Psychological Capital, and Gender on Employee Performance in Banking

The Coronavirus pandemic has caused many effects throughout the planet, one of which is limiting direct collaboration between people, which has brought about a new working condition called work from home (WFH). This WFH affects many conditions in an organization, especially employee performance. Many factors affect employee performance; thus, this research investigates the role of authentic leadership, psychological capital (Psycap), and gender in foreseeing employee performance in the financial business during the execution of WFH. This quantitative research was done in the Central Bank of Indonesia, Jakarta Branch, with 166 respondents. The online questionnaire was distributed, and the result was analyzed using SmartPLS programming. The outcomes show that authentic leadership has a positive and significant impact on employee performance. Psycap likewise has a positive and significant impact on intervening the connection between authentic leadership and employee performance. Yet, gender has a positive but not significant impact.
Choroid plexus tissue perfusion and secretory function in rats measured by non-invasive MRI reveal significant effects of anesthesia

The choroid plexus (ChP) of the cerebral ventricles is a source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and also plays a key role in immune surveillance at the level of blood-to-CSF-barrier (BCSFB). In this study, we quantify ChP blood perfusion and BCSFB mediated water exchange from arterial blood into ventricular CSF using non-invasive continuous arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging (CASL-MRI). Systemic administration of anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin) was used to validate BCSFB mediated water exchange as a metric of choroidal CSF secretory function. To further investigate the coupling between ChP perfusion and CSF secretory function, we characterized the effects of two anesthetic regimens known to have large-scale differential effects on cerebral blood flow. For quantification of ChP blood perfusion a multi-compartment perfusion model was employed, and we discovered that partial volume correction improved measurement accuracy. Vasopressin significantly reduced both ChP blood perfusion and CSF secretory function. ChP perfusion was significantly higher with pure isoflurane anesthesia (2-2.5%) when compared to a balanced anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and low-dose isoflurane (1.0 %), however there was no significant difference in BCSFB water secretory function. In summary, here we introduce a non-invasive, robust, and spatially resolved in vivo imaging platform to quantify ChP perfusion as well as BCSFB water secretory function which can be applied to study coupling of these two key parameters in future clinical translational studies.