Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adoption and scale-up of the cardiovascular Polypill: a realist institutional analysis

Abstract Efforts to promote the adoption and scale-up of health system innovations must contend with the existing institutional context. But there are no commonly used frameworks to ensure that the insights of actors involved in such institutional efforts connect to one another. To test and modify a potential framework—the ‘four-by-four’ framework—we interviewed researcher-entrepreneurs involved in the unfolding story of the cardiovascular Polypill. The framework has four types/levels of institutions that affect adoption and scale-up: (1) informal institutions (L1, e.g. social norms), (2) formal institutions (L2, e.g. government policies and regulation), (3) organizational structures (L3, e.g. organizational boards and mission) and (4) everyday exchange (L4, e.g. service delivery), vis-à-vis four potential entrepreneurial strategies in response: (1) abide by existing institutions, (2) evade them, (3) alter them and/or (4) exit entrepreneurial action. Using this framework, we conducted a realist-informed analysis to understand how context (i.e. institutions) and mechanism (i.e. entrepreneurial strategies) influence each other to shape outcomes (i.e. adoption and scale-up). We found that researcher-entrepreneurs began with efforts to abide with existing institutions but encountered institutional obstacles at each level. Efforts to abide were followed by seeking to evade and/or alter unfavourable institutions, with greater success evading and/or altering lower (L3 and L4) than upper (L1 and L2) institutions. Exit considerations followed the failure of the evade or alter strategy. Shifts between strategies were propelled by ‘learning’. The ‘four-by-four’ framework can be used as a scaffold to generate narratives of adoption or scale-up efforts, a sensitizing tool to prospectively map out contingencies and a matrix to synthesize narratives and experiences across multiple innovations or settings. Used in these ways, the ‘four-by-four’ framework can help to optimize the transferability and cumulation of insights on how to promote the adoption and scale-up of health system innovations.
Enhanced Zika virus‐like particle development using Baculovirus spp. constructs

Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of several examples of an unprecedented pandemic spread and against which there is currently no suitable vaccine or treatment. Here, we constructed and characterized recombinant baculovirus‐derived ZIKV‐like particles (Zika VLPs) to study ZIKV‐antibody interactions. These VLPs, uniquely consisted of the full‐length ZIKV capsid (C), pre‐membrane (prM), and envelope (E) proteins with either: a) the viral nonstructural NS2B and NS3 protease unit under one or two different promoters or b) an alternative host‐cell furin protease encoding cleavage sequence inserted between the C and prM genes, together with lobster tropomyosin leader and honeybee signal sequences with one promoter for increased extracellular secretion. All these Zika VLPs displayed typical virion morphology in transmission electron microscopic analysis when expressed in both insect (Sf9) and mammalian (HEK293T) cells and no uncleaved prM glycoprotein was detected, as are present on immature virions. The importance of glycosylation of the E glycoprotein was shown by the effects on both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody reactions after these N‐linked carbohydrate residues were disrupted by oxidation or enzymatic cleavage. Importantly, the construct which contained the host‐cell furin protease cleavage sequence together with a lobster tropomyosin leader and honeybee signal sequences under one promoter produced higher Zika VLP titers and protein concentrations and which can now be tested as a superior construct in multifunctional diagnostic (ELISA and neutralization/antibody‐dependent enhancement) assays and immunogenic assessments possibly leading to vaccine trials.
Cosmological constraints from the CMB and Ly-alpha forest revisited

The WMAP team has recently highlighted the usefulness of combining the Ly-alpha forest constraints with those from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This combination is particularly powerful as a probe of the primordial shape of the power spectrum. Converting between the Ly-alpha forest observations and the linear mass power spectrum requires a careful treatment of nuisance parameters and modeling with cosmological simulations. We point out several issues which lead to an expansion of the errors, the two most important being the range of cosmological parameters explored in simulations and the treatment of the mean transmitted flux constraints. We employ a likelihood calculator for the current Ly-alpha data set based on an extensive 6-dimensional grid of simulations. We show that the current uncertainties in the mean transmission and the flux power spectrum define a degeneracy line in the amplitude-slope plane. The CMB degeneracy due to the primordial power spectrum shape follows a similar relation in this plane. This weakens the statistical significance of the primordial power spectrum shape constraints based on combined CMB+Ly-alpha forest analysis. Using the current data the simplest n=1 scale invariant model with dn/dln k=0 and no tensors has a Delta chi^2=4 compared to the best fitting model in which these 3 parameters are free. Current data therefore do not require relaxing these parameters to improve the fit.
Lessons from the Vacuum Structure of 4d N=2 Supergravity

This thesis is devoted to a study of supersymmetry preserving background solutions of N=2 supergravity in 4 dimensions. These models include arbitrary electric gaugings in the vector- and hypermultiplet sectors introduced in the beginning of the thesis. The main contents are divided into three major parts. In part 1 we consider vacua that can be fully analyzed by requiring preserved supersymmetry. We determine and analyze maximally supersymmetric configurations, preserving eight supercharges. We present several examples of such solutions and connect some of them to vacuum solutions of flux compactifications in string theory. We also provide a consistent truncation of the gauged theory based on integrating out massive supermultiplets of the gauged theory. The second part is devoted to the topic of supersymmetric black holes. These can be asymptotically flat or asymptotically AdS, and we analyze both cases in detail. We construct BPS black hole solutions in Minkowski space with charged hypermultiplets. We find solutions with vanishing scalar hair that resemble already known black holes, while the genuinely new solutions with hair that we find contain ghost modes. We also elaborate further on the static supersymmetric AdS black holes found in arXiv:0911.4926, investigating thoroughly the BPS constraints for spherical symmetry in N = 2 gauged supergravity. We find Killing spinors that preserve two of the original eight supercharges and investigate the conditions for genuine black holes free of naked singularities. The existence of a horizon is intimately related with the requirement that the scalars are not constant, but given in terms of harmonic functions in analogy to the attractor flow in ungauged supergravity. The third major topic of this thesis is BPS bounds, where we discuss asymptotically Minkowski and AdS solutions in full generality. We concentrate on asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes, and find that there exist two disconnected BPS ground states of the theory, depending on the presence of magnetic charge. Each of these ground states comes with a different superalgebra and a different BPS bound, which we derive. As a byproduct, we also demonstrate how the supersymmetry algebra has a built-in holographic renormalization method to define finite conserved charges. We derive the general form of the charges for all asymptotically flat, anti-de Sitter, and magnetic anti-de Sitter spacetimes. Some particular black hole examples from part 2 are considered to explicitly demonstrate how AdS and mAdS masses differ when solutions with non-trivial scalar profiles are considered
Getting the message across: flexitarians as messengers for meat reduction

ABSTRACT Despite a consensus among climate scientists on the impact of meat consumption on climate change, this has not yet had a significant impact on dietary attitudes and behavior in the broader public. Recent efforts to address this have focused on reduction of meat consumption (e.g., flexitarianism, reducetarianism) rather than elimination of meat consumption. This reduction-rather-than-elimination approach may have positive effects on how far messages about meat consumption will spread in a social network, reaching more people with therefore a potentially greater impact. To better understand the potential impact of such message, three studies compared reduction versus vegetarian messages that were provided by a person who reduces their meat consumption versus a vegetarian. Overall, reduction focused messages and messengers result in greater acceptance of the message and higher willingness to share the message with others compared to a strictly vegetarian message/messenger.
Paleobiological inferences from paleopathological occurrences in the Arctic ceratopsian Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum

As a key tool for understanding how animals lived in the past, paleopathology informs us about the lives and deaths of fossil animals. We identify paleopathologies within an assemblage of bones of the pachyrostran centrosaurine Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum, an Arctic ceratopsian. More than 1,000 bones of this dinosaur were collected from the Prince Creek Formation of North Slope, Alaska from fossil sites along the Colville River. Our survey shows the occurrence of paleopathology to be very low and comparable to other populations of horned dinosaurs from the lower latitudes, suggesting that the ancient Arctic environment did not impose intense hardships on these dinosaurs greater than in other environments, as expressed by paleopathological modification of the skeleton. This result may be due to the more equable mean annual temperatures in the Arctic region during the Cretaceous. Also of interest, the frequency of occurrence of paleopathology in the Arctic Pachyrhinosaurus population is very low compared to populations of fossil and historic quadrupedal artiodactyls that are recognized as long distance wanderers.
Study of the interplay between magnetic shear and resonances using Hamiltonian models for the magnetic field lines

The issue of magnetic confinement in magnetic fusion devices is addressed within a purely magnetic approach. Using some Hamiltonian models for the magnetic field lines, the dual impact of low magnetic shear is shown in a unified way. Away from resonances, it induces a drastic enhancement of magnetic confinement that favors robust internal transport barriers (ITBs) and stochastic transport reduction. When low-shear occurs for values of the winding of the magnetic field lines close to low-order rationals, the amplitude thresholds of the resonant modes that break internal transport barriers by allowing a radial stochastic transport of the magnetic field lines may be quite low. The approach can be applied to assess the robustness versus magnetic perturbations of general (almost) integrable magnetic steady states, including non-axisymmetric ones such as the important single helicity steady states. This analysis puts a constraint on the tolerable mode amplitudes compatible with ITBs and may be proposed as a possible explanation of diverse experimental and numerical signatures of their collapses.
The LLAGN in the centre of the Galaxy

The observations of FIR line and continuum spectra throughout the Galactic centre and in some regions of the disc are analysed in order to determine the physical conditions (densities, shock velocities, radiation parameters, etc.) and the relative abundances of some elements (C, N, and O). The models account for the coupled effect of photoionization and shocks. Consistent model calculations of the line and continuum spectra show that, although the radiation from the stars dominates, an active galactic nucleus (AGN) is clearly present, with a radiation maximum in the Sgr A* region. The flux, similar to that found for low luminosity AGN (LLAGN), is lower by a factor of about 100 than that of AGN.
The Morava K-theory and Brown-Peterson cohomology of spaces related to BP

We calculate the Morava K-theory of the spaces in the Omega spectra for BP 〈q〉. They fit into an exotic array of short and long exact sequences of Hopf algebras. We apply this to calculate the p-adically completed Brown-Peterson cohomology, as well as all of the intermediary cohomology theories, E, of these spaces. We give two descriptions of the answer, both of which turn out to be surprisingly nice. One part of our first description is just the image in the E cohomology of the corresponding space in the Omega spectrum for BP , which is as big as it could possibly be and which we show how to calculate. The other part is just the E cohomology of several copies of Eilenberg-MacLane spaces, something which is already known. Our second description is inductive and gives us a new way of looking at the Brown-Peterson cohomology of Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces. The Brown-Comenetz dual of BP 〈q〉 shows up in our calculations and so we take up the study of this spectrum as well. It was already known that the Morava K-theory of the spaces in the Omega spectrum for the Brown-Comenetz dual of BP 〈q〉 made it look like a product of Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces and we find, somewhat to our surprise, that the same is true for the BP cohomology. In order to state our answers we set up the foundations for the category of completed Hopf algebras.
Do ectomycorrhizal exploration types reflect mycelial foraging strategies?

Summary Ectomycorrhizal exploration types are commonly assumed to denote spatial foraging patterns and resource‐related niches of extraradical mycelia. However, empirical evidence of the consistency of foraging strategies within exploration types is lacking. Here, we analysed ectomycorrhizal foraging patterns by incubating root‐excluding ingrowth mesh bags filled with six different substrates in mature Picea abies forests. High‐throughput sequencing was used to characterise ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in the mesh bags and on adjacent fine roots after one growing season. Contrary to expectations, many ectomycorrhizal genera of exploration types that are thought to produce little extraradical mycelium colonised ingrowth bags extensively, whereas genera commonly associated with ample mycelial production occurred sparsely in ingrowth bags relative to their abundance on roots. Previous assumptions about soil foraging patterns of exploration types do not seem to hold. Instead, we propose that variation in the proliferation of extraradical mycelium is related to intergeneric differences in mycelial longevity and the mobility of targeted resources.
Plant secondary metabolic responses to global climate change: A meta‐analysis in medicinal and aromatic plants

Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in plant‐environment interactions and contribute greatly to human health. Global climate changes are expected to dramatically affect plant secondary metabolism, yet a systematic understanding of such influences is still lacking. Here, we employed medicinal and aromatic plants (MAAPs) as model plant taxa and performed a meta‐analysis from 360 publications using 1828 paired observations to assess the responses of different SMs levels and the accompanying plant traits to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), elevated temperature (eT), elevated nitrogen deposition (eN) and decreased precipitation (dP). The overall results showed that phenolic and terpenoid levels generally respond positively to eCO2 but negatively to eN, while the total alkaloid concentration was increased remarkably by eN. By contrast, dP promotes the levels of all SMs, while eT exclusively exerts a positive influence on the levels of phenolic compounds. Further analysis highlighted the dependence of SM responses on different moderators such as plant functional types, climate change levels or exposure durations, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. Moreover, plant phenolic and terpenoid responses to climate changes could be attributed to the variations of C/N ratio and total soluble sugar levels, while the trade‐off supposition contributed to SM responses to climate changes other than eCO2. Taken together, our results predicted the distinctive SM responses to diverse climate changes in MAAPs and allowed us to define potential moderators responsible for these variations. Further, linking SM responses to C‐N metabolism and growth‐defence balance provided biological understandings in terms of plant secondary metabolic regulation.
The modular representation algebra of a finite group

1.1. Notation and terminology. G is a finite group, with unit element e. k is a field of characteristic p. By a G-module M is meant a (/c, G)-module. Elements of G act as right operators on M, and me m (m M). The k-dimension dim M of M is assumed finite. For example, F F(k, G) is the regular G-module, i.e., the group algebra of G over k, regarded as G-module, and ]ca is the unit G-module, i.e., the field ]c, made into a "trivial" G-module, i.e.,Kx K (ek, xeG). For any G-moduleM, {M} is the class of all G-modules isomorphic to M. V (i runs over a suitable index set I) is a set of representatives of the classes {V} of indecomposable G-modules. The number of these indecomposable classes is finite if and only if either p 0, or p is a finite prime such that the Sylow p-subgroups of G are cyclic (D. G. Higman [5]). F (j 1, n) is a set of representatives of the classes {FA of irreducible G-modules. The number n of these is always finite. If k is algebraically closed, n is equal to the number of p-regular classes of G (R. Brauer, see [1], [2]). If M’, M" are G-modules, M’ M" denotes their direct sum. If M is a G-module, and s a nonnegative integer, sM denotes the direct sum of s isomorphic copies of M.
The HARPS search for southern extrasolar planets - XXIII. 8 planetary companions to low-activity solar-type stars

In this paper, we present our HARPS radial-velocity data for eight low-activity solar-type stars belonging to the HARPS volumelimited sample: HD 6718, HD 8535, HD 28254, HD 290327, HD 43197, HD 44219, HD 148156, and HD 156411. Keplerian fits to these data reveal the presence of low-mass companions around these targets. With minimum masses ranging from 0.58 to 2.54 MJup, these companions are in the planetary mass domain. The orbital periods of these planets range from slightly less than one to almost seven years. The eight orbits presented in this paper exhibi t a wide variety of eccentricities: from 0.08 to above 0.8.
Impact of continuous particle injection on generation and decay of the magnetic field in collisionless shocks

We present numerical simulations of the magnetic field turbulence in collisionless electron-positron plasma with continuous injection of new pairs, which maintains anisotropy in the particle distribution over long time. {With these simulations we follow evolution of a small (and therefore uniform) region in the fluid comoving frame modelling} generation and decay of the magnetic field in shocks, where the upstream is modified by two-photon pair production due to self-absorption of the shock's high-energy radiation. We find that the overall picture of magnetic field build-up is consistent with development of Weibel instability. However, the long-term injection of anisotropic pairs in the upstream leads to formation of large-scale structures in the magnetic field, while the small-scale structures are almost absent. We find that being amplified at the shock front this magnetic field mostly preserves its large spatial scale and then slowly decays in the downstream on a timescale approximately equal to duration of the injection phase. The observed decay of the magnetic field is in exceptionally good agreement with predictions of the so-called phase mixing model. Generation of the long-lived magnetic field in relativistic collisionless shocks with injection-modified upstream explains how they can efficiently produce the synchrotron radiation in Gamma-Ray Bursts.
PA-X protein of H1N1 subtype influenza virus disables the nasal mucosal dendritic cells for strengthening virulence

ABSTRACT PA-X protein arises from a ribosomal frameshift in the PA of influenza A virus (IAV). However, the immune regulatory effect of the PA-X protein of H1N1 viruses on the nasal mucosal system remains unclear. Here, a PA-X deficient H1N1 rPR8 viral strain (rPR8-△PAX) was generated and its pathogenicity was determined. The results showed that PA-X was a pro-virulence factor in mice. Furthermore, it reduced the ability of H1N1 viruses to infect dendritic cells (DCs), the regulator of the mucosal immune system, but not non-immune cells (DF-1 and Calu-3). Following intranasal infection of mice, CCL20, a chemokine that monitors the recruitment of submucosal DCs, was downregulated by PA-X, resulting in an inhibition of the recruitment of CD11b+ DCs to submucosa. It also attenuated the migration of CCR7+ DCs to cervical lymph nodes and inhibited DC maturation with low MHC II and CD40 expression. Moreover, PA-X suppressed the maturation of phenotypic markers (CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC II) and the levels of secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) while enhancing endocytosis and levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in vitro, suggesting an impaired maturation of DCs that the key step for the activation of downstream immune responses. These findings suggested that the PA-X protein played a critical role in escaping the immune response of nasal mucosal DCs for increasing the virulence of H1N1 viruses.
Correlation between individual physical characteristics and spinal cerebrospinal fluid volume

Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume is the primary determinant for the spread of spinal anesthesia. However, it cannot generally be obtained during spinal anesthesia, and patient physical characteristics are always adopted to obtain a suitable spinal spread. In this study, we sought to explore the relationship between individual physical characteristics and thoracosacral CSF volume to provide a theoretical basis for more accurate spinal anesthesia. In total 35 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was used to reconstruct and measure the spinal CSF volume. Physical characteristics and spinal CSF volume were recorded. Bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the correlation between the individual physical characteristics and thoracosacral CSF volume. Total of 31 participants were included in the final analysis. Bivariate linear correlation analysis showed that the volume of thoracosacral CSF was correlated with both individual dorso‐sacral distance and height (both p < 0.01), but not with abdominal girth (p > 0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the adjusted R2 values were 0.404 for the regression equation between thoracosacral CSF volume, dorso‐sacral distance, and abdominal girth. Our study showed that dorso‐sacral distance and abdominal girth were essential factors contributing to thoracosacral CSF volume. A longer dorso‐sacral distance and smaller abdominal girth mean larger spinal CSF volume.