Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of microworlds and puzzles for block-based programming

ABSTRACT Background and Context Block-based programming is a popular approach to teaching introductory programming. Block-based programming often works in the context of microworlds, where students solve specific puzzles. It is used, for example, within the Hour of Code event, which targets millions of students. Objective To identify design guidelines and data analysis methods for the iterative development of microworlds and puzzles for block-based programming. Method To achieve the objective, we provide a review of the literature, discussion of specific examples of microworlds and puzzles, and an analysis of extensive student data. Findings A wide range of programming microworlds share common elements. The analysis of data is useful for iterative improvement of microworlds and puzzles, serving several specific purposes. Implications Provided design guidelines and analysis methods can be directly used for the development and improvement of tools for introductory programming.
Uso de vermiculita massapé paulistana como adsorvedora de metais

Experiments with batch tests in laboratory were conducted utilizing Massape Paulistana vermiculite as adsorbent and aqueous solutions containing 6,3 x 10-3, 12,5 x 10-3 and 25,1 x 10-3 mols.dm-3 of each of the bivalent cations, Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Hg(II), and 4,2 x 10-3 , 8,4 x 10-3 e 16,8 x 10-3 mols.dm-3 of Cr(III) at pH conditions of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and contact time of 10, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360 minutes. It was observed that retention was dependent on pH, except for Cr(III) and that 4 hours were enough to reach equilibrium conditions for all studied cations. At such conditions, an experiment was also conducted using wastewater effluents from a chemical laboratory. Criteria for metal tolerable levels were observed according Sao Paulo State Regulations for environmental control of wasterwater discharges.
Intellectual Capital Disclosure in Annual Reports of Islamic Banks: A Comparative Study of Malaysia and Indonesia

This study focuses on four specific objectives. Firstly, the study examines the extent and quality of the Intellectual Capital Disclosure (ICD) in the annual reports of Malaysian and Indonesian Islamic banks from 2009 until 2013. Secondly, it aims to examine the categories of ICD (extent and quality) in both Malaysian and Indonesian Islamic banks over time. Thirdly, this study also focuses on the comparison of the ICD of Malaysian and Indonesian Islamic banks during the study period of five years. Fourthly, the study determines the factors that influence the ICD in the annual reports of Malaysian and Indonesian Islamic banks. The extent of disclosure was measured by applying a checklist of 33 items. The results showed that the trend of ICD in the annual reports of Malaysian and Indonesian Islamic banks increased over the five years. Regulation should take these findings into consideration since both Malaysia and Indonesia aim to be Islamic financial hubs.
Vision-based automated crack detection using convolutional neural networks for condition assessment of infrastructure

With the growing number of aging infrastructure across the world, there is a high demand for a more effective inspection method to assess its conditions. Routine assessment of structural conditions is a necessity to ensure the safety and operation of critical infrastructure. However, the current practice to detect structural damages, such as cracks, depends on human visual observation methods, which are prone to efficiency, cost, and safety concerns. In this article, we present an automated detection method, which is based on convolutional neural network models and a non-overlapping window-based approach, to detect crack/non-crack conditions of concrete structures from images. To this end, we construct a data set of crack/non-crack concrete structures, comprising 32,704 training patches, 2074 validation patches, and 6032 test patches. We evaluate the performance of our approach using 15 state-of-the-art convolutional neural network models in terms of number of parameters required to train the models, area under the curve, and inference time. Our approach provides over 95% accuracy and over 87% precision in detecting the cracks for most of the convolutional neural network models. We also show that our approach outperforms existing models in literature in terms of accuracy and inference time. The best performance in terms of area under the curve was achieved by visual geometry group-16 model (area under the curve = 0.9805) and best inference time was provided by AlexNet (0.32 s per image in size of 256 × 256 × 3). Our evaluation shows that deeper convolutional neural network models have higher detection accuracies; however, they also require more parameters and have higher inference time. We believe that this study would act as a benchmark for real-time, automated crack detection for condition assessment of infrastructure.
Effect of Cupping Therapy versus Continuous Aerobic Exercise on Lipid Proϑile in Hypertensive Men

Blood pressure and lipid pro ile are strongly linked to function, particularly in patients with hypertension disease (HTN). That study was aimed to differentiate between the cupping therapy and continuous aerobic exercise effect on lipid pro ile in hypertensive men. Thirty volunteers male patient with primary hypertension selected from outpatients Desouk general hospital. Their age ranged between 40-50 years, they were divided into two equal groups: group (A) attendedaprogramof cupping therapyone timepermonth for three months and group (B) attended a program of continuous aerobic exercise on a treadmill for 30 minutes, two times per week for three months. Analysis of the results revealed that therewas amajor decrease in blood pressure (systole and diastole) and lipid pro ile (Triglyceride LDL, and Total Cholesterol) and increase in HDL during the cupping therapy closely same continuous aerobic exercise. A major decrease post treatment compared with that pre-treatment (p > 0.05) in both groups, but there was no major difference between both groups (A, B) in pre-treatment and also post treatment (p > 0.05). Both cupping therapy, as well as continuous aerobic exercises, showed a signi icant decrease in blood pressure and lipid pro ile (Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride andLDL) and a signi icant increase inHDLpost-treatment comparedwith that pre-treatment.
Hyperspectral data for predicting moisture content and distribution in scallops during continuous and intermittent drying

Abstract With the development of optical and spectroscopy sensors, hyperspectral technology has been wildly used in the quality monitoring of food processing. Drying is one of the most commonly used processes in food processing. Moisture content (MC) and moisture distribution (MD) are very important in evaluating a drying technique and the quality of dried final products. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using hyperspectral data (387.1–1024.7 nm) to predict MC and realize visualization of MD during constant and intermittent drying, leading to determine the optimal drying in a nondestructive and convenient way. Two characteristic wavelength (CW) selected methods were established: regression coefficients (RC) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2 D-COS), resulting in 4 (405.7, 513.2, 606.9 and 967.1 nm) and 3 (402.3, 511.5 and 965.2 nm) CWs, respectively. The partial least-square regression (PLSR) models (FW-PLSR, RC-PLSR, and 2 D-COS-PLSR) for MC prediction were built using FW and CW. Comparing the performance of the models, RC-PLSR model was determined to be optimal (variable number = 4, RC 2=0.9731, RCV 2 = 0.9703, RP 2=0.9662, RMSEC = 0.0335, RMSECV = 0.0355, RMSEP = 0.0353, and RPD = 5.5198). The visualization maps for MC and MD were generated by the optimized model, which revealed that the intermittent drying process of drying for 4 h with 1 h tempering could improve the product quality of scallops. This study proposed the method for predicting MC and MD and highlighted the potential of hyperspectral technology in the monitoring of constant and intermittent drying in scallop.
Determinant genes that effect the central nervous system and their antenatal identification

Impaired cortical development is known to cause epilepsy in human beings and this development of the cortex involves three overlapping processes of neuronal and glial proliferation, neuronal migration and cortical organization. Malformations are known to have a genetic origin and some may be linked to prenatal insult. Tubulinopathies associated with overlapping range of brain malformations caused by mutation of one of seven genes encoding different isotypes, while Lissencephaly ranges from complete absence of sulci (agyria) to a thickened cortex.
Some Properties of Univariate and Multivariate Exponential Power Distributions and Related Topics

In the paper, a survey of the main results concerning univariate and multivariate exponential power (EP) distributions is given, with main attention paid to mixture representations of these laws. The properties of mixing distributions are considered and some asymptotic results based on mixture representations for EP and related distributions are proved. Unlike the conventional analytical approach, here the presentation follows the lines of a kind of arithmetical approach in the space of random variables or vectors. Here the operation of scale mixing in the space of distributions is replaced with the operation of multiplication in the space of random vectors/variables under the assumption that the multipliers are independent. By doing so, the reasoning becomes much simpler, the proofs become shorter and some general features of the distributions under consideration become more vivid. The first part of the paper concerns the univariate case. Some known results are discussed and simple alternative proofs for some of them are presented as well as several new results concerning both EP distributions and some related topics including an extension of Gleser’s theorem on representability of the gamma distribution as a mixture of exponential laws and limit theorems on convergence of the distributions of maximum and minimum random sums to one-sided EP distributions and convergence of the distributions of extreme order statistics in samples with random sizes to the one-sided EP and gamma distributions. The results obtained here open the way to deal with natural multivariate analogs of EP distributions. In the second part of the paper, we discuss the conventionally defined multivariate EP distributions and introduce the notion of projective EP (PEP) distributions. The properties of multivariate EP and PEP distributions are considered as well as limit theorems establishing the conditions for the convergence of multivariate statistics constructed from samples with random sizes (including random sums of random vectors) to multivariate elliptically contoured EP and projective EP laws. The results obtained here give additional theoretical grounds for the applicability of EP and PEP distributions as asymptotic approximations for the statistical regularities observed in data in many fields.
Identifying Genital Hygiene Behaviours of Pregnant Women in Rural and Urban Regions: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: The research was done to identify the genital hygiene behaviors pregnant women in rural and urban regions. Methods: This research was done in analytical cross-sectional design at a maternity and children hospital in Aegean Region between April 15-October 2019. 278 pregnant women, who applied for follow-up and accepted to participate in the research, were included in the research. The data were collected through personal information form and Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used in data analysis. Significance was accepted as p <0.05. Results: It was identified that 26.9% of pregnant women in rural regions were primary school graduate and 44.4% were secondary school graduate. It was found that 32.4% of pregnant women living in urban regions were high school graduate and 31.2% had bachelor’s degree. A statistically significant relationship was identified between educational status and genital hygiene behaviors of pregnant women (p<0.05). Depending on their living places, Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory mean score was calculated as 77.98±12.19 those living in rural regions and 81.29±11.22 for those living in urban regions. It was found that Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory levels of pregnant women living in urban regions was higher than those living in rural regions at a statistically significant level (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was identified that living place, educational status, employment status, age status and marriage year affected genital hygiene behavior. it is suggested that health professionals provide genital hygiene training to the pregnant women living in rural regions and with a low level of income through protective and preventive approach.
Investigating Reading Challenges Faced by EFL Learners at Elementary Level

It is hard to ignore the importance of reading skills for desired proficiency in foreign languages. Reading can be beneficial for learners to immerse themselves in the target language and learn it efficiently. In EFL contexts like Saudi Arabia, learners face many challenges in reading skills. The main purpose of this research was to explore reading problems of elementary level students and causes of the readings skills inabilities. Following random and convenience sampling techniques; this mixed-method research obtained quantitative data from 290 elementary level students and qualitative data from nine teachers and supervisors. The analysis of quantitative data from the reading test and checklist and qualitative data retrieved from interviews suggests that students considerably perform relatively low in reading skills, and the main reasons are poor vocabulary, incorrect pronunciation, wrong spellings, slow reading pace, and flawed grammar. These five areas account for more than 90% of the challenges faced by learners in reading skills. Based on evidence from this research, we suggest that policymakers, teachers, and students should focus on these five areas for solving the issues related to reading skills. Although other avenues are essential, these items demand special attention to develop the reading skills of EFL learners in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the world. Keywords : Reading skill, Elementary level, Reading Pace, EFL
The Calm, Clear, and Kind Educator: A Contemplative Educational Approach to Teacher Professional Identity Development

In an effort to reinvigorate the art of teaching, educational theorists have called for teachers to learn how to teach with their “whole self” – to be with and teach their students from a position of mindful awareness, authenticity, truthfulness, compassion, and courage (Palmer, 2017; Ramsey & Fitzgibbons, 2005). The skills that support one in mindfully knowing oneself well and being able to creatively and consciously bring aspects of one's knowledge expertise and identity into acts of teaching and learning in the classroom in an authentic way has been labeled the “unnamed domain” in teacher knowledge (e.g., Taylor, 2016). In this chapter, we extend work on a conceptual, evidence-based framework for this unnamed domain. We propose that the formation of teachers who are calm in body in challenging situations, clear in mind when making decisions in complex classroom environments, and kind in approach to interactions with others is one way of describing development in this domain of teacher identity/expertise. Furthermore, we posit that mindfulness, compassion, and other contemplative practices can be useful for developing expertise in it. We present conceptual and empirical findings from a series of studies we have done on the antecedents and consequences of teachers' calmness, clarity, and kindness in the classroom and discuss directions for future research.
Hospital Safety Climate Assessment toward Attitude’s Nurses Based on Sammer’s Model Case study: An academic General and A specialized Hospital in Tehran (Iran)

Safety climate has become an important issue in organizational safety management of health systems. The aim of this applied study was assessment safety climate in general and specialized academic hospitals based on Sammer’s model, to introduce a model with the specific framework to assess climate safety in Iranian hospitals, moreover, to reduce medical errors and incidents, also to increase patient safety. This model consists of seven dimensions: leadership, teamwork, evidence-based practices, communication, learning, justice and patient-centeredness. So a descriptive –comparative study was undertaken through a methodology including 3 phases. Data were collected by a modified questionnaire based on the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) from 217 nurses and an In-depth interview with 52 nurses in both hospitals. According to the results in the general hospital, leadership, patient-centeredness and learning was recognized as the most effective factors, however, in the specialized hospital, the most important factors were patient-centeredness and justice. Seven dimensions of Sammer’s model are effective in safety climate assessment, but they are not enough to assess safety climate Iranian hospitals. Adding other factors such as safety and standardized hospital building space, the safety of equipment, physical factors in the workplace, Social and culture factors and terms and conditions governing the hospital settings can help to complete the model and provide an integrated and more consistent one to take an effective step in assessing overall hospital safety climate.
Long-Term Shareholder Returns: Evidence from 64,000 Global Stocks

Abstract We study long-run shareholder outcomes for more than 64,000 global common stocks during the January 1990 to December 2020 period. The majority, 55.2% of U.S. stocks and 57.4% of non-U.S. stocks, underperform one-month U.S. Treasury bills in terms of compound returns over the full sample. Focusing on aggregate shareholder outcomes, we find that the top-performing 2.4% of firms account for all of the $US 75.7 trillion in net global stock market wealth creation from 1990 to December 2020. Outside the United States, 1.41% of firms account for the $US 30.7 trillion in net wealth creation.
Efficacy of Bulk Fill Flowable Composite Reinforced with Short Fibers in Fracture Resistance of Restored Extensive Premolars Cavities

Objectives: Tooth fracture is a common complication following MOD restorations. This study sought to assess the effect of bulk fill flowable composite reinforced with short fibers on fracture resistance of maxillary premolar teeth that have extensively restored MOD cavities. Materials and Methods: In this invitro experimental study, 60 human maxillary sound premolar teeth were chosen and stored in chloramine solution. The teeth were then mounted into acrylic blocks 1mm below the CEJ. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of 15 each. Group A, Teeth were intact without any cavity (negative control). Wide MOD cavities were prepared using cylindrical bur with high-speed handpiece for the 3 other groups. Group B, the teeth with MOD cavities without any restoration (positive control); Group C, the teeth were restored with bulkfill flowable composite Tetric N flow bulk fill (Ivoclar Vivadent); and group D, the teeth were restored with short fibers reinforced bulkfill flowable composite ever X Flow(GC). The teeth were then stored in water at 37°C for 24h and their fracture resistance was assessed using (INSTRON). The load at fracture was recorded in N, fracture mode was observed. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test with 95% CI. Results: The mean fracture strength was 1216 ± 352 N in group A, 330 ± 201 N in group B, 1013 ± 389 N in group C and 1019 ± 164 N in group D. Conclusion: Extensive MOD cavities restored with bulk fill flowable composite having short fiber reinforcement, increased the fracture strength of teeth against compressive forces, with no difference than did the other bulk fill flowable composite.
Transforming Capacity of the Farmer Community in Improving Paddy Yields through the Empowerment of Gapoktan Program in Semangga District

Empowering farmers have an important aspect in realizing the independence of society. To accomplish this, it can be done through the capacity transformation for farmer groups (Gapoktan) as a forum to empower farmers in conducting agricultural activities. The purpose of this research is to change the capacitance for the rice farming community through the gapoktan empowerment program to increase rice yields. The method of research used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are observations, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of technical data, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that the process of empowerment of gapoktan program in Semangga District does not run optimally, can be seen in terms of government empowerment program that has not been implemented continuously, and the presence of PPL officers rarely find that making it difficult for rice farmers to consult when there are problems related to agriculture. This needs to be done transforming the capacity to improve the community's ability to manage agricultural land. For the farmer group of gapoktan aspect of Semangga District that there are four programs created but in the process of implementation, not all programs are implemented in full including replanting program that is a program to support activities crops that can help increase farmer harvest but this program is not done by farmer groups. It shows no consistency in the implementation of the program created because what is programmed does not correspond to what is implemented and when viewed in terms of the planning of the existing program link between one program with