Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High resolution amplified pixel sensor architectures for large area digital mammography tomosynthesis

Amplified Pixel Sensor (APS) architectures using two transistors per pixel are introduced in this research for digital mammography tomosynthesis that requires high resolution and low noise imaging capability. The fewer number of on-pixel elements and reduced pixel complexity result in a smaller pixel pitch and higher gain, which makes the two-transistor (2T) APS architectures promising for high resolution, low noise and high speed digital imaging including medical imaging modalities such as tomosynthesis and cone beam computed tomography. Measured results from in-house fabricated test arrays using amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film transistor (TFTs) are presented as well as driving schemes for minimizing the threshold voltage metastability problem and increasing frame rate. The results indicate that a pixel input referred noise value of down to 220 electrons is achievable with a 50μm pixel pitch a-Si 2T APS.
Optimisation of soft interference cancellation for DS-CDMA

CDMA interference cancellation engenders biased amplitude estimates of interference, hurting BER. The source of the bias is shown and amplitude estimates are recomputed with downscaled interference estimates. The mean and variance of the new metrics are determined and used to express BER. The optimal scaling factor minimising BER is derived for each interferer.
Impact from Railway Loading on Steel Girder Spans

Results of tests on 37 spans indicate that the distribution of impact magnitudes on railway girder bridges can be approximated by a normal distribution if speed and span length are constant. If speed is increased, impact is increased. If span length is increased, impact is decreased. Impacts on open deck and ballast deck spans are compared. Impact is defined in terms of increased (or decreased) structural response to moving load as compared with static load or in terms of vertical acceleration of the load system. Factors contributing to impact from railway loading are described. Application to a probabilistic design code is suggested.
Demonstration of Anaerobic Digestion of Black Water for Methane Capture and Use in an Office Building

Waste source separation including separate treatment of graywater and black water (BW) is gaining popularity as a sustainable integrated water management practice. Along that line, feasibility of anaerobic digestion of BW (toilet water only) from a building occupied with laboratory and office space was investigated using a pilot scale (114 L) upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) operated at an average temperature of 28 o C. The goal of the reactor was to achieve removal of organics while also generating methane gas for use as a source of energy. Reactor operational OLR varied between 0.21-0.39 kg COD m −3 d −1 and HRT varied from 2.6-4.0 days. Substantial removal of COD (72%), TSS and VSS (95%), and indicator organisms (1.4 log E. coli & 1.1 log fecal coliforms) was achieved over the study period. Methane biogas (61% CH 4 ) produced during digestion provided potential as a source of renewable energy generated through processing the BW.
Implantação de sistemas ERP: tecnologia e pessoas na implantação do SAP R/3

The objective of this study is to verify if there are influences on subjective aspects of the organizational actors involved in an ERP system implementation. With this purpose, a case study in a food company located in Vila Velha, Espirito Santo was carried out. The implementation of the SAP R/3 ERP system was initiated in 1999. The data was collected by documentary research and 19 semi-structured interviews. The theoretical discussion analyzes the implementation of the ERP systems under the perspective of the system concept, considering the technological change not only under the perspective of the technology, but also of the organizational structure and people. The conclusion proved that, in the case studied, there was a significant influence of the individuals in the result of the implementation.
Curative and Protective Effect of Salvia Officinalis Oil on Isoprenaline-Induced Congestive Heart Failure in Rats

| Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic progressive condition associated with high mortality. The curative and prophylactic role of sage oil on Isoprenaline (ISO) induced CHF were evaluated in rats and compared with the reference digoxin. Sage oil was used at two doses of 50and100mg/kg. Blood samples werescreened for cardiac markers (CK-MB and cTnI) and inflammatory marker (TNF- α ). Heart tissues were used for heart index calculation, measurement of oxidative stress markers (MDA and NO, TAC), histopathological examination for Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson stain for collagen fiber content and immunohistochemical stain for caspase 3 as a marker of apoptosis. Administration of sage oil as a prophylactic measure significantly improves ISOinducedalterations in most of parameters measured in a dose dependent manner. Pretreatment of ISO treated rats with sage oil 50and100mg/kg showed partial amelioration of CHF in a dose dependent manner with significant lower effectthandigoxin. Further investigation for sage oil curative effect on CHF is recommended.
Outbidding as Deterrence: Endogenous Demands in the Shadow of Group Competition

The theory of outbidding states that terrorist, insurgent, and rebel groups use violence to capture a greater share of their audience’s resources. I argue that opponents of these groups should endogenously anticipate this dynamic, which potentially alters their aims. Although a seemingly obvious implication of outbidding is that violence increases as the number of groups (and thus competition) increases, I show that this may or may not hold once we factor in the opponent’s decision. This is because the target states—fearing group competition—might endogenously reduce their demands. The results help explain empirical inconsistencies regarding outbidding. Using comparative statics from the model, I then discuss the challenges to making valid inferences regarding outbidding. ∗Stanton Nuclear Security Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University. (williamspaniel@gmail.com, http://williamspaniel.com).
Impact of K-factor and active current reduction during fault-ride-through of generating units connected via voltage-sourced converters on power system stability

This study investigates the impact of the injection of additional reactive current and of active current reduction during fault-ride-through (FRT) of generating units connected to the grid via fully rated voltage-sourced converter (VSC generating units) on the behaviour and stability of the power system. The primary focus is on voltage support, transient stability and frequency stability. The investigation is carried out via computer simulations using a fictitious transmission system, based on German grid code requirements. The K-factor of the dependence of additional reactive current with voltage deviation, the method of active current limitation during FRT and the rate of active power recovery after fault clearance are varied. Results and influences are illustrated and discussed. They show that with an increasing number of converter-connected generating units in power systems, a careful selection of the parameters becomes very important. Insufficient grid code requirements may increase the risk of system instability. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for optimal settings with respect to future development of grid codes are provided. The mechanism of loss of synchronism of VSC generating units because of inadequate current injection (current angle instability) is explained.
The Effects of Shear Reinforcement on the Reversed Cyclic Loading Behavior of Flat Plate Structures

This paper reports one phase of a research program at the University of Washington on the seismic response of flat plate to column connections. In particular the behavior of connections containing integral beam stirrup reinforcement in the slabs is discussed. The paper compares different approaches for designing that stirrup reinforcement, outlines the benefits of placing stirrup reinforcement in the slab, and gives guidelines as to the design and proper detailing necessary for that stirrup reinforcement. The effects of concentration of the flexural reinforcement in the immediate column region are also examined. Ductility ratios, energy absorption, energy dissipation, and degeneration of stiffness characteristics of the specimens are reported together with the lateral loads for first yielding and maximum capacity of the specimens.
Strategic management of complex projects: a case study using system dynamics

System dynamics models have been used extensively over the last 20 years on complex development projects and have proven their value in contributing to significantly improved project performance. System dynamics models facilitate the strategic management of projects, including planning the project (setting the initial schedule and budget, the organization structure, process model, etc.), determining measurement and reward systems, evaluating risks, and learning from past projects. The use of system dynamics for strategic project management is illustrated with a case study of the Peace Shield Air Defense System. On this project, the model was used to support the project bid, to identify and manage risks, and to assess the benefit of several process and organization changes which were implemented on the project. Upon completion, the project results were systematically compared to an earlier project to assess the management lessons—what worked and what did not, and what was the benefit. These lessons were systematized in a management learning system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confined Columns under Eccentric Loading

The characteristics of confined-concrete columns under strain gradient were examined. Twelve columns were tested under two different levels of end eccentricity. The test parameters included the arrangement, spacing, and volumetric ratio of confinement reinforcement. Columns with well-distributed longitudinal reinforcement, laterally supported by closely spaced transverse reinforcement, showed extremely ductile behavior, developing inelastic displacements exceeding 4% of the drift ratio without a significant loss of strength. Those with a low volumetric ratio and wide spacing of transverse steel developed strength decay immediately after the peak load. A confined concrete model, developed on the basis of column tests under concentric loading, was used to compute analytical moment-curvature relationships of the critical column section. The analytical relationships are compared with those recorded experimentally, for columns with different eccentricity of loading and parameters of confinement. The comparison.
Laser-machined all-fiber in-line tip pressure sensor

A miniature all-fiber in-line tip pressure sensor fabricated by 157nm laser pulses is proposed and demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge. Such a pressure sensor can be operated under high temperature due to its all silica structure. The sensor has been tested for pressure sensing over 0MPa~60MPa, showing a pressure sensitivity of ~83.3pm/MPa, an excellent linearity of 99.998%, and a long-term stability of ±0.03MPa, respectively. Such a miniature fiber-optic pressure sensor could find important applications in automotive and aerospace industries, and down-hole monitoring, etc, due to its extreme compactness, capability for operation at high temperature, easy fabrication, excellent stability, good potential for mass-production.
An experimental and theoretical study of self-phased arrays in mobile satellite communications

Communication with satellites from ships and aircraft requires the accurate pointing of a high-gain antenna. The self-phased array, which performs beam steering automatically by the use of a pilot carrier, offers a number of advantages in this application. The principles and properties of this type of array are outlined, and their implications for array design are discussed. An experimental self-phased system using a phase-locked loop, which receives signals from the Marecs satellite over the Atlantic Ocean, is described. Results are presented for a two-element laboratory prototype to illustrate its performance. The behavior of the self-phased-array concept under multipath conditions is particularly interesting and is examined both theoretically and experimentally. >
A contactless capacitive angular-position sensor

An absolute capacitive angular-position sensor with a contactless rotor is presented. The sensor is mainly composed of three parts: the capacitive sensing element, a signal processor and a microcontroller. The electrically-floating rotor can be either conductive or dielectric. Glass has been chosen for the dielectric material because of its low losses, and high hardness and flatness. For the conductive rotor we have chosen steel. A redundant structure has been used for the sensing element in order to reduce the mechanical errors. The signal processor has a multi-capacitance input and a single output. The output signal is a period-modulated square-wave voltage. The microcontroller acquires output data from the processor and sends them to a PC, which calculates the rotor position. The resolution of the capacitive angular-position sensor over the full range (360/spl deg/) is better than 1". The nonlinearities are 0.06/spl deg/ and 0.15/spl deg/ for the dielectric and conductive rotor respectively.
Reduction of friction torque in vane pump by smoothing cam ring surface

Abstract This work deals with the influence of surface roughness of cam contours on friction torque in a hydraulic balanced vane pump and it is verified that smoothing the surface of the cam contour can reduce friction torque. In the vane pump, the friction torque arising from the friction between a cam contour and vane tips is significant. In this article, first, the values of the coefficient of friction between the vane tip and its sliding surfaces were measured by using cylindrical test rings with various kinds of surface roughness. Then the torque characteristics of vane pumps having cam ring contours with various values of surface roughness were measured and their results compared with the results of an analysis of the coefficient of friction investigated using test rings. As a result, the friction torque caused by the friction between the cam contour and the vane tip was reduced by lessening the surface roughness of the cam contour, resulting in an improvement of the mechanical efficiency. The coefficient of friction measured by using the test rings could be applied to the actual vane pumps.
Signal Integrity Analysis in Single and Bundled Carbon Nanotube Interconnects

Carbon nanotube (CNT) can be considered as an emerging interconnect material in current nanoscale regime. They are more promising than other interconnect materials such as Al or Cu because of their robustness to electromigration. This research paper aims to address the crosstalk-related issues (signal integrity) in interconnect lines. Different analytical models of single- (SWCNT), double- (DWCNT), and multiwalled CNTs (MWCNT) are studied to analyze the crosstalk delay at global interconnect lengths. A capacitively coupled three-line bus architecture employing CMOS driver is used for accurate estimation of crosstalk delay. Each line in bus architecture is represented with the equivalent RLC models of single and bundled SWCNT, DWCNT, and MWCNT interconnects. Crosstalk delay is observed at middle line (victim) when it switches in opposite direction with respect to the other two lines (aggressors). Using the data predicted by ITRS 2012, a comparative analysis on the basis of crosstalk delay is performed for bundled SWCNT/DWCNT and single MWCNT interconnects. It is observed that the overall crosstalk delay is improved by 40.92% and 21.37% for single MWCNT in comparison to bundled SWCNT and bundled DWCNT interconnects, respectively.
Distribution of strontium between plagioclases and 1 molar aqueous chloride solutions at 600 °C, 1.5 kbar and 750 °C, 2 kbar

La repartition du Sr en traces entre une solution solide de plagioclases et une solution hydrothermale chloruree decroit d'un facteur 20 a 25, et d'une facon quasi exponentielle, entre le pole albite (Ab) et le pole anorthite (An). Un modele simple de melange pour la solution solide ternaire Ab-An-SrF, ou SrF est le feldspath strontique, permet de donner une interpretation thermodynamique de ces resultats. Cette interpretation necessite la connaissance des trois constantes d'equilibre des reactions d'echanges binaires Ab-An, Ab-SrF et An-SrF, celle des coefficients d'activite du feldspath strontique en traces dans l'albite et dans l'anorthite, celle des coefficients d'activite de l'albite et de l'anorthite dans le plagioclase. Nos experiences sur les trois binaires ont permis de calculer ces constantes et ces coefficients. Le modele de melange est alors determine, ce qui permet de calculer un coefficient de partage du Sr en traces dans le plagioclase qui se calque sur le coefficient experimentalement mesure. La loi de variation de ce coefficient de partage entre le pole albite et le pole anorthite s'explique par le fait que la solution solide hote est peu differente d'une solution ideale, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour les solutions solides de feldspaths alcalins ou le coefficient de partage des traces ne varie generalement pas regulierement d'un pole a l'autre.
Modeling the Simultaneity in Injury Causation in Multivehicle Collisions

Constrained by the single-equation specification, traditional logit or probit models for traffic accident severities can only model one severity at a time. Single-equation models fail to account for the simultaneity of injury severity outcomes in multivehicle collisions. An attempt to account for this simultaneity is made by presenting a simultaneous logit model of endogenous interrelationships among injury severities in multivehicle collisions. Car-truck collision data in Washington State between 1990 and 1996 are used for a simultaneous binary logit model to determine the effects of various exogenous factors in the presence of injury simultaneity, and empirical comparisons with traditional single-equation logit models are also provided. The methodology presented provides for significant efficiency gain when correlation between injury severities is high and can easily be extended to multiple severity categories in multiple-vehicle collisions. Empirically, it is also found that parameter estimates for key roadway design variables may vary greatly between a simultaneous logit and its single-equation counterparts. Another finding from this methodology is that preventive measures for head-on collisions, or enforcement of drunk-driving regulations among truck drivers, as well as limiting the occurrence of high-speed curve designs on truck routes, appear to be the most likely factors for significant potential savings in social costs from car-truck collisions.
Relation between Biomechanical Spinal Load Factors and Risk of Occupational Low-Back Disorders

The objective of this study was to identify individual and combinations of biomechanical parameters which are associated with the probability of risk for occupationally related low-back disorders. Ten subjects performed lifting tasks simulating warehouse order selection. During the lifting exertions dynamic trunk motion, EMG, and workplace data were collected. Risk of low-back disorder was assessed from an epidemiologic model incorporating workplace factors and trunk motion data. Comparison with biomechanical results indicated that static estimates of spinal compression poorly predicts the probability of risk. Spinal compression computed from dynamic models improve the correlation, and regression models including multi-dimensional dynamic spinal loads and load rates best predict the probability of risk. The results agree with biomechanical research demonstrating vertebral failure modes are influenced by complex biomechanical interactions. This study highlights the limitations of ergonomic assessment via static compression, demonstrates the influence of biomechanical interactions upon risk of LBD, and advocate greater efforts toward understanding complex dynamic interactions in human factors research.
Detection of fraudulent financial reporting trough the Crowe’s Fraud Pentagon Theory in primary consumer goods indexed

The purpose of this study was to determine the fraud pentagon in detecting fraudulent financial statements. The data was collected by using the documentation method, while the data analysis used was descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, and hypothesis testing. The population in this study were companies IDX Industrial Classification Food and Beverage Sub-Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) 2016-2019. The sample in this study was 11 companies selected by the purposive sampling method. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis, the results show that opportunity, rationalization, and arrogance have a significant positive effects on fraud detection in Primary Consumer Goods Indexed. This means that rationalization, opportunity, and arrogance can detect fraudulent financial statements. However, the pressure and competence variables have a significance value below 5%. This means that the two variables do not have a significant effect on the detection of fraudulent financial reporting in companies indexed by primary consumer goods in the food and beverage sub-sector.
Ergonomic Exposures of Construction Workers: An Analysis of the U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration Database on Job Demands

Abstract The U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration (DOL/ETA) has for many years been collecting quantitative data based on field observations of the job demands of over 13,000 different occupations. Eleven of the 34 variables which DOL/ETA coded for seem to relate to ergonomics. For example, strength required by the job was assessed on a five-point scale from sedentary to very heavy. Construction jobs were identified by reference to classification by DOL/ETA and a contractor association manual. Data were sorted to compare construction job requirements with nonconstruction job requirements. These data show construction jobs to be significantly more ergonomically challenging than nonconstruction jobs. However, few differences seem to exist with regard to some variables, such as reaching, fingering, and handling, where nonconstruction jobs appear equally demanding. Limitations of the data set are also discussed.
Capacity of Roundabouts in Jordan

An empirical model for estimating roundabout entry capacity for conditions in Jordan has been developed. The performance of the model was compared with the performance of capacity models in Europe. Data, collected from different cities in Jordan, consisted of 775 min of at-capacity operation and included both roundabout traffic and geometric variables. The analysis indicated that circulating traffic flow, widths of entry and circulating roadway, central island diameter, and distance between an entry and a near-side exit had a significant influence on entry capacity. Compared with German, Danish, and French roundabout models, the Jordanian capacity model provided comparable estimates, especially with low levels of circulating traffic.