Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of rhythmic human CYPs and their circadian regulators using synchronized hepatoma cells

Abstract Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) catalyze a great number of metabolic reactions that have profound effects on the biological activities of xenobiotics and endobiotics. In this study, we aimed to characterize rhythmic expressions of drug-metabolizing CYPs using synchronized hepatoma cells, and to investigate the potential roles of cis-elements of circadian clock system (E-box, D-box and RevRE or RORE) in generating the rhythms. Serum was used to synchronize circadian cycles and to induce circadian gene expression in cultured hepatoma cells (HepRG and HepG2 cells). Regulation of CYP genes by circadian clock components was investigated by performing luciferase reporter, overexpression and knockdown experiments. mRNA and protein expression were determined by qPCR and Western blotting assays, respectively. Of ten major drug-metabolizing CYP genes, six are rhythmically expressed (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4), whereas other four are non-rhythmic (CYP1B1, 2A6, 2C9 and 2C19). The E-box binding protein BMAL1 directly controls the rhythmic expression of CYP1A2. Rhythmic expressions of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 are generated via both E-box and D-box elements. The RevRE binding protein REV-ERBα contributes to rhythmic oscillations in CYP2B6 and CYP2C8. In conclusion, rhythmic expressions of five human CYPs (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2E1 and 3A4) are generated and regulated by E-box-, D-box-, and/or RevRE-acting clock components. Our findings may have implications for understanding chronopharmacokinetic events in humans.
Increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in young children in Slovakia.

OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the prevalence of the early onset Type 1 diabetes in Slovakia during the years 1996-2017. BACKGROUND Prevalence of Type 1 diabetes in young children is increasing worldwide. However, recent data from Slovakia are missing. METHODS All children with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes included in the study were diagnosed in the Children Diabetes Centre in Bratislava during the years 1996-2017. The incidence of T1D in children aged below 3 and below 5 years was calculated and compared to the T1D incidence in older children. Incidence trends were calculated with the Poissed regression. RESULTS Gender-adjusted incidence of T1D annually increased by 5.4 % (CI: 3.9-6.8; p < 0.001) in children <3 years, and by 3.4 % (95 % CI 2.2-4.6; p<0.001) in children <5 years during the last two decades. Moreover, the proportion of young children <3 years of age among all newly diagnosed children and adolescents increased over time (4.2±2.8 % in years 1996-1998; 12.2±5.8 % in years 2004-2008, and 13.7±7.4 % during the years 2013-2017). CONCLUSION We found a significant increase in the incidence and proportion of T1D in young children during the last two decades. Similar data were also found in other European countries. This could be explained by changing environmental conditions (Fig. 1, Ref. 32).
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) item analysis of empathy and theory of mind

In contrast to conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis across participants, item analysis allows generalizing the observed neural response patterns from a specific stimulus set to the entire population of stimuli. In the present study, we perform an item analysis on an fMRI paradigm (EmpaToM) that measures the neural correlates of empathy and Theory of Mind (ToM). The task includes a large stimulus set (240 emotional vs. neutral videos to probe empathic responding and 240 ToM or factual reasoning questions to probe ToM), which we tested in two large participant samples (N = 178, N = 130). Both, the empathy‐related network comprising anterior insula, anterior cingulate/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and dorsal temporoparietal junction/supramarginal gyrus (TPJ) and the ToM related network including ventral TPJ, superior temporal gyrus, temporal poles, and anterior and posterior midline regions, were observed across participants and items. Regression analyses confirmed that these activations are predicted by the empathy or ToM condition of the stimuli, but not by low‐level features such as video length, number of words, syllables or syntactic complexity. The item analysis also allowed for the selection of the most effective items to create optimized stimulus sets that provide the most stable and reproducible results. Finally, reproducibility was shown in the replication of all analyses in the second participant sample. The data demonstrate (a) the generalizability of empathy and ToM related neural activity and (b) the reproducibility of the EmpaToM task and its applicability in intervention and clinical imaging studies.
The interactive effects of role overload and resilience on family-work enrichment and associated outcomes

ABSTRACT Using an interactionist perspective and conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examined the interactive effects of resilience and role overload on family-work enrichment and the outcomes of surface acting, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. The model was tested using a sample of 156 full time employees who completed surveys at two time periods. As expected, resilience was positively related to family-work enrichment and family-work enrichment was negatively related to surface acting and emotional exhaustion and positively related to job satisfaction demonstrating mediating effects for family-work enrichment. Role overload moderated the positive relationship between resilience and family-work enrichment such that the relationship was weaker when role overload was high indicating a boundary condition for the favorable effects of resilience. Finally, support was found for the conditional indirect effects of resilience on surface acting, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction through family-work enrichment such that the relationships were weaker when role overload was high.
Comparable efficacy with similarly low risk of hypoglycaemia in patient‐ vs physician‐managed basal insulin initiation and titration in insulin‐naïve type 2 diabetic subjects: The Italian Titration Approach Study

People with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2DM) often delay initiating and titrating basal insulin. Patient‐managed titration may reduce such deferral. The Italian Titration Approach Study (ITAS) compared the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) initiation and titration using patient‐ (nurse‐supported) or physician‐management in insulin‐naïve patients with uncontrolled T2DM.
Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Importance Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common chronic blood-borne pathogen in the US and a leading cause of complications from chronic liver disease. HCV is associated with more deaths than the top 60 other reportable infectious diseases combined, including HIV. Cases of acute HCV infection have increased approximately 3.8-fold over the last decade because of increasing injection drug use and improved surveillance. Objective To update its 2013 recommendation, the USPSTF commissioned a review of the evidence on screening for HCV infection in adolescents and adults. Population This recommendation applies to all asymptomatic adults aged 18 to 79 years without known liver disease. Evidence Assessment The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for HCV infection in adults aged 18 to 79 years has substantial net benefit. Recommendation The USPSTF recommends screening for HCV infection in adults aged 18 to 79 years. (B recommendation).
Psychometric properties and clinical utility of the executive function inventory for children and adolescents: a large multistage populational study including children with ADHD

Abstract Executive functions (EF) are a set of high order mental abilities that regulate cognition, emotions, and behavior. This study aims to report the construction and validation of a rating scale instrument for EF in children and adolescents aged from 5 to 18 years (EFICA), as well as to report the results of a comparison between children with ADHD and their peers without it. Thus, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study relying on a sample composed of 3,284 typical children and adolescents accessed to study the psychometric properties of the parents’ inventory (EFICA-P) and the teacher’s inventory (EFICA-T) within a Structural Equation Modeling framework (SEM). Exploratory and confirmatory analyses were fitted, as well as the Cronbach’s alpha and the McDonald’s omega reliability indices. The known-groups method was carried out by independent Welch t-tests between untreated ADHD children and their peers. We concluded that the parents’ inventory is composed of three dimensions (Cool Index 1, Cool Index 2, and Hot Index): χ 2 (1,649) = 4,607.852 p < . 01, CFI = . 965, TLI . 963, RMSEA = . 053, whereas the teachers´ inventory is composed of two dimensions (Cool Index and Hot Index): χ 2 (1,273) = 5,158.240, p < . 01, CFI = . 991, TLI = . 991, RMSEA = . 077. The internal consistency of both inventories was >. 9. Significant differences between the ADHD groups were found in all domains accessed. These findings indicate that both inventories have a high degree of validity regarding their internal structures, as well as supporting their clinical utility.
Early-life programming of adipose tissue

Abstract Worldwide obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in children and adolescents, with the consequent emergence of co-morbidities. Moreover, the maternal environment during pregnancy plays an important role in obesity, contributing to transgenerational transmission of the same and metabolic dysfunction. White adipose tissue represents a prime target of metabolic programming induced by maternal milieu. In this article, we review adipose tissue physiology and development, as well as maternal influences during the perinatal period that may lead to obesity in early postnatal life and adulthood. First, we describe the adipose tissue cell composition, distribution and hormonal action, together with the evidence of hormonal factors participating in fetal/postnatal programming. Subsequently, we describe the critical periods of adipose tissue development and the relationship of gestational and early postnatal life with healthy fetal adipose tissue expansion. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence showing that adipose tissue is an important target for nutritional, hormonal and epigenetic signals to modulate fetal growth. Finally, we describe nutritional, hormonal, epigenetic and microbiome changes observed in maternal obesity, and whether their disruption alters fetal growth and adiposity. The presented evidence supports the developmental origins of health and disease concept, which proposes that the homeostatic system is affected during gestational and postnatal development, impeding the ability to regulate body weight after birth, thereby resulting in adult obesity. Consequently, we anticipate that promoting a healthy early-life programming of adipose tissue and increasing the knowledge of the mechanisms by which maternal factors affect the health of future generations may offer novel strategies for explaining and addressing worldwide health problems such as obesity.
Observations of Near-Inertial Surface Currents at Palau

R/V Revelle approaches the northern tip of Velasco Reef after a mooring recovery. Photo courtesy of Patrick L. Colin, CRRF ABSTRACT. An impulsive or rotary wind stress can excite near-inertial oscillations (NIOs) in the surface mixed layer. Although previous work shows that coastal boundaries modify NIOs, few studies have explored their behavior near island topography. Understanding how topography modifies NIOs provides insight into physical processes that contribute to local mixing, which enhances biological richness near islands. Here, encounters between NIOs and the island chain of Palau are examined using moored current meter measurements from a 10-month field study. Near-inertial currents are surface intensified, where typical speeds of 0.15 m s−1 in the surface layer are twice those below 50 m. At moorings farthest from Palau topography, nearinertial surface currents are intermittent and clockwise rotational, suggestive of wind-generated NIOs. Closer to the topography, near-inertial currents become more rectilinear, with enhanced energy at the northern and southern tips compared to along the north-south oriented coastline of the elongated island chain. The first empirical orthogonal function of near-inertial vector surface currents (62% of the total variance in the near-inertial band) reveals a broadly uniform flow that spans the northern and southern extents of the island, suggestive of a slab-like NIO response to wind stress, modified as the island topography blocks the flow. To further characterize the impact of the topography on near-inertial currents, a cluster of moorings at the northern tip of Palau is used to estimate vorticity, which increases as near-inertial current speeds increase. Near-inertial vorticity is attributed to frictional torque caused by the topographically enhanced near-inertial currents brushing against the northern tip of Palau.
A return to lived experiencers themselves: Participatory action research of and by psychosocial clubhouse members

Introduction Within the history of psychology and phenomenology, people with lived experience of mental illness have often served as participants in research, but far less as co-researchers themselves. There is now a growing movement focused on “participatory” research, where people with lived experience directly contribute to various stages of the research process. This article presents such a qualitative, participatory research study, led by members of a large psychosocial rehabilitation clubhouse—Fountain House in New York City—and informed by phenomenological research principles. The study focused on collaboratively assessing and improving the clubhouse program for its members. Methods A key feature of the project was the extent of lived experiencer involvement, for instance, in designing and conducting the study, and co-writing this research report. Members of Fountain House were trained in phenomenologically-informed research methods and developed a research study that focused on the quality improvement of their clubhouse program. Member researchers conducted a series of focus groups with fellow clubhouse members, generating qualitative data that were analyzed and written up by member researchers in collaboration with staff and university partners. Results Overall, study findings place emphasis on the theme of action in members’ experiences—both with respect to how action, agency, and valued activity were key drivers of meaning and recovery for people facing severe mental illness, and with respect to the key component of the research process itself [i.e., participatory action research (PAR)]. Four major subthemes emerged from the study. First, findings revealed how members with mental illness experienced the clubhouse as a “new hope” and “the place for me,” to counteract their experience of inactivity, stigma, depression, and hopelessness prior to that point. Second, findings showed how, as members’ life goals changed, so did the precise meaning and role of Fountain House in their lives. Third, findings portrayed members’ need for, and pursuit of, transformation within the clubhouse space itself to provide more opportunities for meaningful work rather than what they viewed as merely busy-work. Finally, member researchers viewed their direct participation in this project as an opportunity to actively combat stigma, to be a driver of research, and to engage in what they viewed as a generative activity. Discussion These action-oriented themes serve as a counter to the historical view of people with mental illness as merely passive experiencers of symptoms and passive recipients of mental health care. We discuss how the process and content of participatory research can help enhance the relevance of research for stakeholders’ lives and contexts.
Ozone treatment of stored potato tubers

During storage, potato tubers are susceptible to different pathogen, which can attack the skin and flesh of the tubers. The most serious damage can be caused by rot inducing bacteria and fungi. A possible way to prevent microbial damage may be the use of ozone in the air ventilated through the stored tubers. However, the tubers can undergo qualitative changes, e.g. dehydration and loss of starch content. This article presents the results of a five-month experiment in which ozone concentration of 5 mg m was periodically introduced in some of the stored potato tubers of the cultivar ‘Dali’. All potato tubers were stored in closed storage boxes with a metal frame and wood panels in the floor and walls (ground area 1.6×1.2 m, height 0.95 m) which were continuously aerated using the ambient air in a potato warehouse. There was 900 kg of tubers stored in the box. At the end of the experiment, the ozonated variant was compared with the control (not treated). The ozone-treated tubers had 2.95 times lower incidence of infection by rot and the number of microorganisms on healthy tubers was lower than the control. The ozone-treated tubers were less frequently dehydrated. The water loss was higher in control by 0.86 %. There was no significant difference in silver scurf manifestation or in the starch content between the two variants.
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of sodium–Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors

Background: Sodium—glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have proved to be extremely effective and reliable in reducing hyperglycemia, and have also been used for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal disease in patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Thousands of research articles on SGLT2 inhibitors have been published in the past, but few bibliometric analyses have systematically been studied this field. We aimed to visualize the global research hotspots and trends of SGLT2 inhibitors using a bibliometric analysis to provide new evidence and ideas for researchers and clinicians in this field. Methods: We retrieved publications from Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection in 2004–2022 on 1 July 2022. Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to collect publication data, analyze publication trends, and visualize relevant results. Results: We identified 4,419 original research articles on SGLT2 inhibitors published between 2004 and the first half of 2022. Global SGLT2 inhibitors-related research increased rapidly from 2004 to 2022, especially recently. United States made the greatest contribution to the topic, with (1,629, 36.86%) publications and citations (88,892). AstraZeneca was the most prolific institutions (272, 6.16%). Heerspink HJL published the most related articles (98), whereas Zinman B was cited the most frequently (1,784 citations). Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism was the journal with the most studies (406, 9.19%), and The New England Journal of Medicine was the most commonly cited journal (11,617 citations), with nine of the top 10 co-cited references published in this journal. The emerging keywords “heart failure,” “diabetic cardiomyopathy,” “ejection fraction,” “mortality,” “biomarker,” “fibrosis,” “ampk,” and “guideline” appeared the most recently as research frontiers. Conclusion: United States is the leader in SGLT2 inhibitor research. Recently, the research on SGLT2 inhibitors has focused on clinical trials, related mechanisms, and therapy. In the future, the research on SGLT2 inhibitors will delve into molecular mechanisms, especially those related to fibrosis and AMPK, revealing the link between SGLT2 inhibitors and heart failure and diabetic cardiomyopathy will be the next research hotspot.
INDONESIAN, MALAYSIAN AND THAI SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH

Purpose – This quantitative study explored willingness to communicate (WTC) across two settings, ESL in Malaysia, and EFL in Indonesia and Thailand. Participants’ WTC levels were measured and communicative situations in which participants were almost always willing and almost never willing to communicate in English were identified.Method – Convenience sampling was used to select the three countries, four secondary schools and 42 intact classes from Years 7 to 10. Two schools were in Malaysia, while one school each was in Indonesia and Thailand. A total of 1038 participants, consisting of 291 Malaysians, 325 Indonesians and 422 Thais took part in the study. The instrument used was an adapted questionnaire measuring WTC inside and outside the English classroom.Findings – The major findings were: 1) Situations in which students were almost never willing to communicate in English were mainly found outside the classroom; 2) Students were almost always willing to communicate in English in brief, predictable situations requiring the use of set phrases; 3) ESL students had a higher level of WTC than EFL students; and 4) WTC inside the classroom was significantly higher than WTC outside the classroom.Significance – The findings have implications for ESL/EFL classroom instruction. English teachers remain the main interlocutors in increasing WTC in the classroom. They also need to bridge the gap between the classroom and the outside world by preparing students for real social situations. This is consistent with the situation-specific aspect of WTC in the heuristic model proposed by MacIntyre, Clement, Dornyei, & Noels (1998).
A National Scale Assessment of Temporal Variations in Groundwater Discharge to Rivers: Malawi

This study presents the first national-scale assessment of temporal variations in the Base Flow Index (BFI) for watercourses in Malawi. A proxy indicator of groundwater discharge to rivers, the BFI is a measure of the ratio of long term baseflow to total river flow and is a key parameter for sustainable water resources management. The smoothed minima technique was applied to river flow data from 68 river gauges across Malawi (data records ranging from 11-64 years). The long-term average annual BFI for each gauged site was determined, as well as seasonal values of BFI. The Mann Kendal (MK) statistical test was used to identify trends in the BFI. Average annual BFI was 0.57, average wet season BFI was 0.52 and average dry season BFI was 0.97. This indicates that 57%, 52% and 97% of the total river flow is derived from groundwater and other stored sources in the annual, wet and dry season periods respectively. These results show that baseflow in Malawi follows a seasonal pattern with minimal differences between the average annual and average wet season BFI; however, significant increases are generally seen in the dry season BFI. The results also found long-term behavioural changes in BFI across all periods. Annually, 74% showed no trend, 10% showed an increasing trend and 16% showed a decreasing trend. The wet season trends showed similar values with 66% showing no trend, 16% showing an increasing trend and 18% showing a decreasing trend. In contrast, for the dry season, 93% showed no trend, 1% showed an increasing trend and 6% showed a decreasing trend. The dataset determined in this study can support sustainable water resources management in Malawi and contribute to measuring its progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6.