Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science ” Hydrolysis of phenolic acid esters by esterase enzymes from Caco-2 cells and rat intestinal tissue

Regular consumption of coffee has been associated with a number of health benefits including a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, and cholorgenic acids and their hydroxycinnamic acid metabolites are thought to be important mediators. However their effectiveness is dependent on their hydrolysis, metabolism and absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Previous research has shown that hydrolysis occurs in the stomach and large intestine, however little is known about the fate of chlorogenic acids in the small intestine. Chlorogenic acid isomers and phenolic acid methyl esters were incubated with Caco-2 cells and rat intestinal tissue extract to determine if esterase enzymes from these models could hydrolyse the ester link in the compounds. Results of the 2 hour incubations showed that methyl ferulate (19.8% hydrolysis) and methyl caffeate (11.4% hydrolysis) were better hydrolysed than 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (0.02% hydrolysis) and 3-Ocaffeoylquinic acid (0.18% hydrolysis). There was also evidence that hydrolysis occurs via a predominantly intracellular mechanism, as during the 24 hour incubation, 57.1% of methyl ferulate incubated directly with Caco-2 cells was hydrolysed to ferulic acid, compared with 0.25% that was hydrolysed when incubated in medium that had been pre-incubated with Caco-2 cells to test for extracellular esterase activity. Incubation with rat intestine extract showed ability to hydrolyse methyl ferulate but not 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid. The differences in hydrolysis could be due to the lipophilicities of the compounds and their structural conformation.
A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES

This thesis reports the attempts to characterize further the murine neuroendocrine cell line STC<}-i4 with the hope of demonstrating this cell line's potential use for intracellular studies involving GTP. These studies include the identification of a murine GD? cDNA and investigations into the role of glucose in the increase of GD? mRNA within this cell line. Sequence analysis revealed a 537 base pair cDNA clone for murine GD? which was found to encode an open reading frame of432 base pairs. From this sequence a 144 amino acid precursor could be predicted which was shown to code for a 43 amino acid N-terminal extensionwhich includes a 19-21 amino acid signal peptide, a 42 amino acid hormone and a 59 amino acid C-terminal extension. Murine GTP is predicted to differ from the human hormone by three amino acid substitutions: arginine for histidine at position 18, arginine for lysine at position 30 and serine for lysine at position 34. GD? mRNA levels in STC6-14 cells incubated in the presence of varying glucose concentrations were investigated using a competitive-PCR method. In the presence of a 5mM glucose stimulus, 1x10 GTP cells were found to contain 3.9 ± 0.59 attomoles (amol) of GIP mRNA while the same number of cells contained 11.6 ± 1.4 amol when subjected to a high (25mM) glucose stimulus (p< 0.0025). Release studies for GIP in the STC6-14 cell line were performed in conjunction with the mRNA studies to ascertain the link between GXP mRNA levels within the GTP cell and the amount of mature GIP released into the medium. In response to a low glucose (5 mM) stimulus, 3 x 10 STC6-14 cells released 0.84 ± 0.04% of TCC while the same number of cells were found to release 1.11 ± 0.11% of TCC when cultured in a high glucose (25 mM) media. These investigations demonstrated that the STC6-14 cell line responds as predicted to a high glucose stimulus with an increase in the level of GIP mRNA but fails to transfer this mRNA increase into a greater GIP peptide release, most likely due to a problem within the posttranslational processes of the GD? cell.
Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting the body weight of the Kurdish local chicken

The current study was conducted at Kani –Graw private field around Erbil city –for the period from 01/09/2022 to 01/05/2023. The study was carried out to know the impact of changes in live weight of Kurdish local chickens due to sex and generation effects. The number of the Kurdish local chicks was two hundred and fifty chicks and their first generation. The effects cleared that, the live weight range substantially in accordance to the sex and generation of the chicks and their interactions especially at some stage in the period from one to eighteen weeks (P<0.01). Also, the live weight in male greater than females and accelerated steadily from zero to eighteen week of age the value the closing weight used to be 1704.06±11.83g and 1380.00±20.50g for males and females parents, respectively and 1649.69±15.64g and 1299.22±10.30g for males and females in 1st generation, respectively. Heritability estimate (h2) indicated that, the heritability estimates for live weight trait. Estimates of h2 two values had been average to excessive the value it ranged from 0.27 to 0.41 for live weight.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Modern Contraceptive Uptake among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49) Attending the Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in the Jinja District

Modern contraception, a pillar of safe motherhood is known for its benefits including limiting unwanted pregnancies and reducing infant and maternal mortality and morbidity. Modern contraception significantly reduces up to 35% of maternal deaths, 13% of child mortalities and up to 25% of under-five mortalities. This research aimed to explore factors associated with the utilization of modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age (15- 49) attending the Jinja regional referral hospital in the Jinja district. The study involved the use of a descriptive cross-sectional study design and a total of 365 randomly selected women of reproductive age (15-49) at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital were enrolled into the study. Data on the current use of modern contraceptives and related factors were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire after which the data was checked for completeness and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization were determined using logistic regression analysis and Chi2 square test while statistical significance was determined at pvalue≤0.05 and 95% confidence interval. We enrolled a total of 365 study participants. The prevalence of modern contraceptive uptake was found to be 30.14%. Factors associated with modern contraception uptake included age, marital status, parity, number of living children, age of the youngest child, caesarean delivery, and discussion of modern contraceptive use with partner. After adjusting for possible confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only the age of the youngest child and the expected time to have another child significantly influenced modern contraceptive use. Modern contraceptive use in this study was low and independently associated with the age of the youngest child and the expected time to have another child. More efforts need to increase modern contraceptive uptake. Keywords: Modern contraception, Safe motherhood, Unwanted pregnancies, women of reproductive age, maternal deaths.
Homeschooling: Parent Rights Absolutism vs. Child Rights to Education & Protection

This article describes the rapidly growing homeschooling phenomenon, and the threat it poses to children and society. Homeschooling activists have in recent decades largely succeeded in their deregulation campaign, overwhelming legislators with aggressive advocacy. As a result, parents can now keep their children at home in the name of homeschooling free from any real scrutiny as to whether or how they are educating their children. Many homeschool precisely because they want to isolate their children from ideas and values central to our democracy. Many promote racial segregation and female subservience. Many question science. Many are determined to keep their children from exposure to views that might enable autonomous choice about their future lives. Abusive parents can keep their children at home free from the risk that teachers will report them to child protection services. Some homeschool precisely for this reason. This article calls for a radical transformation in the homeschooling regime, and a related rethinking of child rights and reframing of constitutional doctrine. It recommends a presumptive ban on homeschooling, with the burden on parents to demonstrate justification for permission to homeschool.
Sedimentary Record of Radiolarian Biogeography in the Equatorial to Antarctic Western Pacific Ocean

Analysis of 18 surface sediment samples from between 1? and 64? S, along approx. 180? E, yielded 195 Recent radiolarian taxa. Clustering of the species and the samples, and further examination of the distribution patterns of radiolarian abundances, allowed definition of five climatic zones (tropical to antarctic) and several species groups and isolated species with variable degrees of selective loading on the five areas. Specific diversities were highest in the Tropical Zone, and a secondary peak occurred at the northern edge of the Transition Zone; the latter area was barren of endemic and, probably, also of characteristic taxa. A zonation of the transect, based on a family and suborder level radiolarian census, was similar to the one based on the species, suggesting that the distribution of these higher-level categories is meaningful in ecological terms.
Multiscalar structural study of the ultramafic rocks of the Antrona Ophiolite (Pennine Alps)

In the Alpine nappe stack, the Antrona Ophiolite (Italian side of the Western Central Alps) is sandwiched between the overlying continental Monte Rosa Nappe (upper Penninic domain) and the underlying CamugheraMoncucco continental Unit (middle Penninic). The ophiolite sequence includes ultramafic rocks, metagabbros and mafic rocks covered by calcschists. Ultramafites constitute a huge body of serpentised peridotites including interbedded layers of gabbros, clinopyroxene-rich and amphibole-rich rocks, and chloriteschist. In spite of the Alpine tectonic and metamorphic reworking, the ultramafic portion of the Antrona Ophiolite still preserves relict textures and minerals that can be referred to the pre-Alpine or early Alpine evolution. A detailed microstructural analysis performed at polarised microscope and SEM on less serpentinised, olivine-rich samples is here presented. It is integrated with a quantitative textural analysis of Lattice Preferred Orientation (LPO) by neutron diffraction acquired on selected samples of olivine-rich samples. The results allow to infer a mantle origin for the ultramafic rocks, suggesting T conditions > 800°C for the activation of slip systems in olivine. Citation: 2012. Multiscalar structural study of the ultramafic rocks of the Antrona Ophiolite (Pennine Alps). In: (Eds.) Michele Zucali, Maria Iole Spalla, and Guido Gosso, Journal of the Virtual Explorer, volume 41, paper 4, doi: 10.3809/jvirtex.2011. 00295 Journal of the Virtual Explorer, 2012
Soil Quality Indicators Response to Land Use and Soil Management Systems in Northern Ethiopia's Catchment

Assessment of soil quality (SQ) indicators that detect soil degradation in different land use and soil management systems (LUSMS) is desirable to achieve sustainable management strategies. The LUSMS identified for evaluation included natural forest (LS1), plantation of protected area (LS2), grazed land (LS3), teff (Eragrostis tef)‐faba bean (Vicia faba) rotation (LS4), teff‐wheat (Triticum vulgare)/barley (Hordeum vulgare) rotation (LS5), teff mono‐cropping (LS6), maize (Zea mays) mono‐cropping (LS7), and uncultivated marginal land (LS8). The SQ indicators were significantly influenced (p ≤ 0·05) by the LUSMS. The first four principal components with eigenvalue > 1 explain about 88% of the SQ variability across the LUSMS. The final principal component chosen indicators that mainly influence SQ variability were organic carbon, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, total phosphorus, silt, bulk density, and iron. In this study, a higher SQ was found in LS1 followed by LS2, whereas a seriously degraded SQ was observed in LS8 followed by LS6. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of best predictors for forecasting seasonal rainfall and runoff in Australia

The first step towards developing a reliable seasonal runoff forecast is identifying the key predictors that drive rainfall and runoff. This paper investigates the lag relationships between rainfall across Australia and runoff across southeast Australia versus 12 atmospheric‐oceanic predictors, and how the relationships change over time. The analysis of rainfall data indicates that the relationship is greatest in spring and summer in northeast Australia and in spring in southeast Australia. The best predictors for spring rainfall in eastern Australia are NINO4 [sea surface temperature (SST) in western Pacific] and thermocline (20 °C isotherm of the Pacific) and those for summer rainfall in northeast Australia are NINO4 and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) (pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin). The relationship in northern Australia is greatest in spring and autumn with NINO4 being the best predictor. In western Australia, the relationship is significant in summer, where SST2 (SST over the Indian Ocean) and II (SST over the Indonesian region) is the best predictor in the southwest and northwest, respectively.
Runoff characteristics and the influence of land cover in drylands of western Texas

Runoff Characteristics and the Influence of Land Cover in Drylands of Western Texas. (August 2006) Yun Huang, B.S., Hefei University of Technology; M.S., Utah State University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Bradford P. Wilcox Dr. Clyde L. Munster In dryland regions, where water is a limited resource, land use/land cover has undergone and continues to undergo significant change mainly due to human activities. The nature of runoff from dryland regions and the influence of land use/land cover change are largely not quantified. The objective of this study is to examine runoff dynamics and the influence of land cover in drylands of western Texas across multiple spatial and temporal scales. The study consists of four major components: (1) an experimental study at Honey Creek upland catchment (19 ha) to assess vegetation treatment effects on runoff by hydrometric and isotopic methods, (2) a hydrochemical evaluation of hydrologic linkage between the upland and bottomland at the second-order Honey Creek watershed, (3) a detailed precipitation-streamflow analysis at North Concho River basin to assess long-term and large-scale precipitation-streamflowvegetation dynamics, and (4) a comparison of streamflow in North, Middle, and South Concho River basins and a regional streamflow trend analysis for the entire western Texas. The study indicates runoff in the drylands of western
Development of phosphorus indices for nutrient management planning strategies in the United States

ABSTRACT: Phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient for crop and livestock production, can accelerate freshwater eutrophication, now one of the leading water quality impairments in the United States. In response, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency proposed a new nutrient management policy, now addressing P as well as nitrogen (N), which each state must enact by 2008. There are three approaches that address P—agronomic soil test P recommendations, environmental soil test P thresholds, and a P index to rank fields according to their vulnerability to potential P loss. There are many versions of the P index now in use, demonstrating the robustness and flexibility of the indexing framework to better target remedial measures. Of the three P-based approaches, the P indexing approach has been most widely adopted with 47 states using this approach to target P management. This paper charts the development of the indexing approach, which ranks site vulnerability to P loss by accounting for source (soil test P, fertilizer, and manure management) and transport factors (erosion, runoff, leaching, and connectivity to a stream channel) and outlines modifications made among states that reflect local conditions and policy. Additional factors include flooding frequency, STP modifiers (texture, pH, P sorption, reactive aluminum [Al]), conservation practices, and priority of receiving waters. While computation of the final index value is additive in 20 states, 17 multiply source and transport factors to define critical source areas. Most states (47) have maintained the original indexing approach of assessing site vulnerability to P loss, with indices in three states quantifying P loss. We demonstrate using three management scenarios (changing the time of applied manure, riparian buffer establishment, and reduced feed P ration) that overall P index ratings can be decreased, giving farmers more options for manure management than by simply reducing application rates.
Hard-water effect correction of lacustrine sediment ages using the relationship between ~(14)C levels in lake waters and in the atomosphere:the case of Lake Qinghai

On the basis of analyzing the nature and feature of hard-water effect,the hard-water effect calibration of sediment ~(14)C ages of Lake Qinghai is carried out using the relationship between ~(14)C levels in lake waters and the at- mosphere,in the light of marine reservoir correction.The variation of the hard water effect in Lake Qinghai back to 8000 aBP is also reconstructed.It's concluded that ~(14)C ages of the surface sediment in Lake Qinghai is less than 1549 aBP and the hard-water effect of Lake Qinghai increased evidently during 7000-1000 aBP.
Heavily metamorphosed clasts from the CV chondrite breccias Mokoia and Yamato‐86009

Abstract– Metamorphosed clasts in the CV carbonaceous chondrite breccias Mokoia and Yamato‐86009 (Y‐86009) are coarse‐grained, granular, polymineralic rocks composed of Ca‐bearing (up to 0.6 wt% CaO) ferroan olivine (Fa34–39), ferroan Al‐diopside (Fs9–13Wo47–50, approximately 2–7 wt% Al2O3), plagioclase (An37–84Ab63–17), Cr‐spinel (Cr/(Cr + Al) = 0.19–0.45, Fe/(Fe + Mg) = 0.60–0.79), nepheline, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, Ca‐phosphate, and rare grains of Ni‐rich taenite; low‐Ca pyroxene is absent. Most clasts have triple junctions between silicate grains, indicative of prolonged thermal annealing. Based on the olivine‐spinel and pyroxene thermometry, the estimated metamorphic temperature recorded by the clasts is approximately 1100 K. Few clasts experienced thermal metamorphism to a lower degree and preserved chondrule‐like textures. The Mokoia and Y‐86009 clasts are mineralogically unique and different from metamorphosed chondrites of known groups (H, L, LL, R, EH, EL, CO, CK) and primitive achondrites (acapulcoites, brachinites, lodranites). On a three‐isotope oxygen diagram, compositions of olivine in the clasts plot along carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral line and the Allende mass‐fractionation line, and overlap with those of the CV chondrule olivines; the Δ17O values of the clasts range from about −4.3‰ to −3.0‰. We suggest that the clasts represent fragments of the CV‐like material that experienced metasomatic alteration, high‐temperature metamorphism, and possibly melting in the interior of the CV parent asteroid. The lack of low‐Ca pyroxene in the clasts could be due to its replacement by ferroan olivine during iron‐alkali metasomatic alteration or by high‐Ca ferroan pyroxene during melting under oxidizing conditions.
Thoracic trauma: presentation and management outcome.

OBJECTIVE To determine the presentation and management outcome of thoracic trauma in a tertiary care setting. STUDY DESIGN Case series study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The study was carried out in the Department of Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad from January to December 2005. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 143 patients, who presented with chest trauma, were included in the study. All the patients were assessed by the history, physical examination and ancillary investigations. Appropriate managements were instituted as required. Data was described in percentages. RESULTS Out of 143 patients, 119 (83%) were males and 24 (17%) were females. Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-50 years. Ninety seven (66%) patients were admitted for indoor management. Blunt injury was found in 125 (87.4%) patients, while penetrating injuries in only 18 (12.6%) patients. Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) were the commonest cause of trauma (n=103, 72%). Rib fracture was the commonest chest injury (74% patients). Head injury was the most frequently associated injury (18% of the patients). Tube thoracostomy was the commonest intervention undertaken in 65 (45%) patients. Seventeen (11.88%) patients were managed with mechanical ventilation. There were 17 deaths with a mortality rate of 11.88%. CONCLUSION Thoracic trauma is an important cause of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality in the younger population. RTAs constitute the leading cause of thoracic trauma in our setup. Tube thoracostomy is the most frequent and at times the only invasive procedure required as a definitive measure in thoracic trauma patients. A policy of selective hospitalization helps to avoid unnecessary hospital admissions.
Early childhood development: impact of national human development, family poverty, parenting practices, and access to early childhood education

Background This study was to describe and quantify the relationships among family poverty, parents’ caregiving practices, access to education and the development of children living in low-and middle-income countries (LAMIC). Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected in UNICEF’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). Early childhood development was assessed in four domains: language-cognitive, physical, socio-emotional, and approaches to learning. Countries were classified into three groups on the basis of the Human Development Index (HDI). Results Overall, data from 97,731 children aged 36 to 59 months from 35 LAMIC were included in the after analyses. The mean child development scale score was 4.93 out of a maximum score of 10 (95%CI 4.90 to 4.97) in low-HDI countries and 7.08 (95%CI 7.05 to 7.12) in high-HDI countries. Family poverty was associated with lower child development scores in all countries. The total indirect effect of family poverty on child development score via attending early childhood education, care for the child at home, and use of harsh punishments at home was -0.13 SD (77.8% of the total effect) in low-HDI countries, -0.09 SD (23.8% of the total effect) in medium-HDI countries, and -0.02 SD (6.9% of the total effect) in high-HDI countries.