Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Waveform Tomography of Long-Offset, 2-D Exploration Seismic Data

Waveform Tomography, combines starting models from traveltime tomography with tomographic waveform inversion. This approach to inversion recovers a “best fit” velocity model by iteratively minimizing the misfit between the observed, frequency-domain waveform data and modelled, synthetic waveforms. The method is both computationally efficient and an improvement over ray-based tomographic methods. Synthetic benchmark studies and experiments with long-offset, 2-D, exploration seismic field data, demonstrate that Waveform Tomography can yield accurate, high resolution velocity models, vital in seismic exploration for hydrocarbons. I first present an application of Waveform Tomography to long-offset, 2-D, synthetic marine seismic data using the 2004 BP velocity benchmark. Due to the importance of refracted energy, the limited offset of marine seismic streamers limits the depths tomographic techniques can accurately image. Using data simulated with a multi-ship acquisition, providing maximum offsets up to 32 km, I show that Waveform Tomography of long-offset data can, potentially, accurately delineate top-salt, image shallow, low-velocity anomalies, and determine sub-salt velocity structures in marine seismic exploration. In thrust-fold belt tectonic settings, such as the Canadian Foothills, conventional exploration seismic processing is inadequate, given the effects of steep dips, rough topography, and near-surface weathering. Depth imaging is often necessary, requiring an accurate estimation of the macro-velocity model. Long-offset data, acquired in these areas to ”undershoot” steeply dipping faults and a severely weathered near-surface, may provide the necessary input for successful Waveform Tomography. To investigate this, synthetic data were generated in a geologically realistic model from an area of the Foothills in northeastern B.C. Using this dataset, I demonstrate the ability of Waveform Tomography to accurately reconstruct the velocity model and the complex geological structures contained within. If the data do not contain frequencies below 3 Hz, the results are severely degraded. Finally, using seismic field data recorded with an appropriately designed long-offset survey, I develop pre-conditioning and inversion strategies which effectively increase the low-frequency content of the data while mitigating the effects of ground roll. I apply these strategies to 2-D field data from southern Alberta, demonstrating that Waveform Tomography, using 4 Hz data, can produce complex velocity models containing geologically interpretable structures, correlatable with results from pre-stack time migration.
UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO Hamilton New Zealand Corporate Governance, Institutions, Markets and Social Factors

We use a comprehensive set of country-level social and institutional measures to study the relationship between country-level factors and firm-level governance. We also examine the roles of the country’s financial development status and the firm’s external financing needs in influencing the firm’s governance framework. Using a sample of 43 countries and 3301 firms, we find that country-level factors explain a large part of the variation in firm-level governance across countries. We also find evidence that the relationship between country-level factors and firm-level mechanisms is best represented as a moderating relationship. The results also indicate the presence of a complementary relationship, albeit sometimes insignificant, between firm-level governance and all the country-level variables included in our study. When accounting for the effect of a country’s financial development status and a firm’s external financing needs, we find evidence of a positive relationship between firm-level governance and firm returns and value for firms with high financing needs which operate in countries with high financial development.
Deliverable 3.2: Report on the relationship between functional traits and ecosystem services of urban vegetation: Inventory and recommendations Chloé

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Deliverable 3.2: Report on the relationship between functional traits and ecosystem services of urban vegetation: Inventory and recommendations Chloé DUFFAUT (HM&Co-ENPC) Chloé Duffaut, Pierre-Antoine Versini, Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste
Preoperative and Surgical Predictors of the Treatment Outcome of Dairy Cows with Right Abomasal Displacement—A Retrospective Study of 234 Cases

Simple Summary The right displacement of the abomasum (RDA) is a common and potentially life-threatening disease of dairy cows. Affected cows require early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment. Cows at increased risk of developing complications and a possibly fatal outcome must be identified early in order to guide medical and economic decision making. In this retrospective study, the laboratory and clinical parameters of cows with confirmed diagnoses that were admitted and treated at a veterinary teaching hospital were studied. Treated cows were either classified as survivors (discharged alive) or non-survivors (died or euthanized during hospitalization), and investigated parameters were compared between groups. Cows that died or had to be euthanized showed more pronounced dehydration and increase in heart rate. Distensions of the bowels were more pronounced, and complicated twists of the forestomaches and stomach were more frequent in non-survivors than survivors. Cows unable to stand at the time of surgery all had a fatal outcome. A number of blood biochemical parameters were found to be associated with the treatment outcome and could therefore assist the early identification of cows requiring more intense peri- and postoperative care. Abstract The displacement of the abomasum to the right (RDA) is a common condition regularly encountered in dairy cows, which requires urgent surgical correction. The survival of the patient primarily depends on early diagnosis and timely treatment, but other factors contributing to the outcome have been discussed in the literature. The objective of this study was to identify preoperative clinical, hematological, as well as intraoperative parameters that are associated with the prognosis of cows with RDA or abomasal volvulus (AV). This retrospective study included patients admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital over a period of 6 years with a diagnosis of RDA or AV. A total of 234 cows were included, of which 193 were discharged after treatment and thus classified as survivors. In contrast, 41 cases died or were euthanized during or after surgery and were categorized as non-survivors. Non-survivors showed more severe dehydration, higher heart rate, lower sodium, as well as higher L-lactate and phosphorus concentration in their blood prior to surgery compared with the survivors. During surgery, the abomasum of non-survivors was markedly dilated and twisted more frequently than in survivors. The results presented here can facilitate the early identification of animals with poor prognosis requiring more intensive peri- and postoperative care.
ENGINEERING AND DESIGN: AN INTEGRATED COURSE WITH REAL WORLD PROJECTS

This paper presents a project-based course which demonstrates engineering design process by integrating various fields and skill sets in order to give students a realistic experience of what engineers do. This course, namely engineering and design, is delivered to a mix of students from electrical and mechanical engineering background. It is the final component of a set of three project-based courses offered as an engineering enhancement program. The primary objective of the course is to expose students to design principles and application of engineering methods in solving real world problems. Students from two different disciplines work in teams to develop solutions. The course consist of conceive, design, implement and operate (CDIO) elements primarily. Nevertheless, as an integrated course it aims to link diverse fields of engineering as well as develop social, communication, and teamwork skills of our students. This paper will present the thought process behind the development of this project-based course and its implementation together with our preliminary evaluations and observations.
Land of Addicts? An Empirical Investigation of Habit-Based Asset Pricing Models

This paper studies the ability of a general class of habit-based asset pricing models to match the conditional moment restrictions implied by asset pricing theory. We treat the functional form of the habit as unknown, and to estimate it along with the rest of the models nite dimensional parameters. Using quarterly data on consumption growth, assets returns and instruments, our empirical results indicate that the estimated habit function is nonlinear, that habit formation is better described as internal rather than external, and the estimated time-preference parameter and the power utility parameter are sensible. In addition, the estimated habit function generates a positive stochastic discount factor (SDF) proxy and performs well in explaining cross-sectional stock return data. We nd that an internal habit SDF proxy can explain a cross-section of size and book-market sorted portfolio equity returns better than (i) the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model, (ii) the Lettau and Ludvigson (2001b) scaled consumption CAPM model, (iii) an external habit SDF proxy, (iv) the classic CAPM, and (v) the classic consumption CAPM. JEL: G12, C14, C52
Développement d’une méthode in silico pour caractériser le potentiel d’interaction des surfaces protéiques dans un environnement encombré

Dans la cellule, les proteines evoluent dans un environnement tres dense et interagissent ainsi avec un grand nombre de partenaires specifiques et non-specifiques qui entrent en competition. L’objectif de ma these est de caracteriser les proprietes physiques et evolutives des surfaces proteiques pour comprendre comment la pression de selection s’exerce sur les proteines, faconnant leurs interactions et regulant ainsi cette severe competition.Pour cela, j’ai developpe une methodologie permettant de caracteriser la propension des proteines a interagir avec les proteines de leur environnement, par des approches de docking. La cartographie moleculaire permettant la visualisation et la comparaison des proprietes de la surface des proteines, j’ai donc mis en place un nouveau cadre theorique base sur une representation des paysages energetiques d'interaction par des cartes d'energies. Ces cartes (en deux dimensions) refletent de maniere synthetique la propension des surfaces proteiques a engager des interactions avec d’autres proteines. Elles sont donc d’un grand interet pratique pour determiner les regions des surfaces proteiques les plus enclines a engager des interactions avec d’autres molecules.Ce nouveau cadre theorique a permis de montrer que les surfaces des proteines comprennent des regions de differents niveaux d'energies de liaison (regions chaudes, intermediaires et froides pour les regions d'interaction favorables, intermediaires et defavorables respectivement). Une partie importante de la these a consiste a caracteriser les proprietes physico-chimiques et evolutives de ces differentes regions. L'autre partie a consiste a appliquer cette methode sur plusieurs systemes : complexes homomeriques, proteines du cytosol de S. cerevisiae, familles d'interologues. Ce travail ouvre la voie a un grand nombre d'applications en bioinformatique structurale, telles que la prediction de sites de liaison, l’annotation fonctionnelle ou encore le design de nouvelles interactions.En conclusion, la strategie mise en place lors de ma these permet d’explorer la propension d’une proteine a interagir avec des centaines de partenaires d'interets, et donc d'investiguer le comportement d’une proteine dans un environnement cellulaire specifique. Cela va donc au-dela de l'utilisation classique du docking "binaire" puisque notre strategie fournit une vision systemique des interactions proteiques a l’echelle des "residus".
A Technical Review on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled with Straight Vegetable Oil

As energy reserves are depleting day by day and the environment is polluted, finding an alternative to fossil fuel has become an essential task for the world community. Green fuel (straight vegetable oil) has been found to be a capable alternative to fossil fuel in many applications. Using unprocessed unblended straight vegetable oils (UUSVOs) as a fuel for diesel engine is advantageous in minimizing the processing time, energy, and cost associated with biodiesel production. However, the higher viscosity of vegetable oils limits their long-run use in diesel engine. A planned methodology is, however, required to resolve the issues of poor engine performance and affected emission parameters. This article aimed to present a critical review of the impact of UUSVOs on the performance and emission level of diesel engine during short and long-run engine operations. The crucial aim of this article is to find an eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuel that may serve the world community. The recent literature review shows that straight vegetable oils (SVOs) may become an excellent alternative to diesel engines during short-run operations. However, long-run operation with SVOs as a fuel creates many problems related to damage and maintenance of the engine parts, deteriorated engine performance, significant variation in emission, chocking of injector and fuel line, degraded lubricating oil quality, etc. Engine performance can be improved through the optimization of operation parameters and fuel preheating prior to the injector.
Production of a mixed fruit juice powder using mixture analysis and a fuzzy model

The present work aimed to find a mixed fruit juice powder with high antioxidant activity and sensory score. A two-step fuzzy algorithm and fuzzy toolbox were applied to produce acceptable sensory data for the mixture analysis design. The mixture design was then analysed using two responses of sensory and antioxidant activity, and the optimised beverage consisted of red grape (20.4%), mulberry (75.6%), and strawberry (4.0%). As compared to single fruit juices, the selected mixture yielded high content of phenolic compounds with desirable antioxidant activity and sensory score. Spray- and freeze-drying were then compared for the fruit juice powder production from selected mixed juices formulated with 20% maltodextrin (DE = 20). A significant (p < 0.05) difference was observed between the powder yield (82.0% in comparison to 51.7%), free radical scavenging activity (85.6% in comparison to 75.4%), and total phenolic content (2958.8 in comparison to 2791.4 mg GAE/L) of the freeze- and spray-dryer, respectively. Furthermore, the spray-dried powder was much lighter than the freeze-dried powder, with a lower chroma index, redness, and higher hue angle. Overall, freeze-drying was less destructive than spray-drying in the powder production from the mixed juice.
SYMPTOMATOLOGY FOLLOWING COVID-19 VACCINATION – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN CENTRAL INDIA

Objective: A successful COVID-19 vaccine should survive the safety, efficacy, and potency testing phases without causing any negative side effects, especially in high-risk individuals, such as the elderly, pregnant women, people with comorbidities, health-care workers, and others. The present study was conducted to determine common symptoms following the COVID-19 vaccine, the intensity of symptoms after the first and second doses, and estimate the prevalence of acquiring COVID-19 infection after getting vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area, including 445 participants from 19 villages. The statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, and the data were represented in frequency and graphs. Results: In the present study, the maximum (74%) of participants were Covishield recipients. The top three symptoms experienced after the first dose were headache (189), fever (130), and pain in the arm at which the vaccine was given (77). After the second dose, the top three symptoms were fever (281), headache (137), and fatigue (73). The top three psychosomatic symptoms were increased sleep (162), decreased sleep (122), and the third ranker was anxiety (93). More participants reported having severe symptoms after the first dose than after the second. Three percent of research participants contracted COVID-19 infection after the first dose, and 2% after the second. Conclusion: Fever and headache were common symptoms after the first and second doses, but symptoms were more severe after administration of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Following vaccination, COVID-19 infection was extremely rare among participants.
Comportement et endommagement en fatigue et fatigue-fluage à haute température de différents états microstructuraux du superalliage base-nickel Udimet 720

Les industriels de l'aeronautique et de l'energie cherchent continuellement a accroitre les temperatures de fonctionnement de leurs turbomachines dans un souci de rendement et de diminution des emissions polluantes. L'amelioration de la durabilite des composants constitue egalement une de leurs priorites. Dans ce contexte, la resistance mecanique des superalliages a base de nickel polycristallins utilises pour les disques de turbines est un point clef. Cette these porte sur les modes de deformation et d'endommagement qui se developpent a 700°C lors de sollicitations mecaniques de type fatigue, fluage et fatigue-fluage au sein de deux structures metallurgiques differentes de l'alliage Udimet 720. Les differences de comportement mecanique sont analysees au travers des structures de dislocations et de l'evolution des mecanismes qui operent a cette echelle. Le role des conditions de chargement (s, Dt) et de la microstructure de precipitation g' multimodale est precise notamment concernant la transition entre le cisaillement des precipites g' et leur contournement. En parallele, les processus d'amorcage de fissures et de leur propagation sont caracterises. Si une transition inter – transgranulaire de la croissance des fissures est constatee pour certaines conditions de chargement, l'endommagement des joints de grains et de macles domine. Des interactions complexes fatigue-fluage-oxydation sont de plus mises en evidence par la realisation d'essais mecaniques equivalents conduits sous air et sous vide. Dans le domaine de haute temperature explore, la microstructure de precipitation de cet alliage n'est pas stable. Les effets d'un traitement de vieillissement ont ete quantifies ainsi que leurs repercussions sur le comportement mecanique et la duree de vie. Systematiquement les deux structures metallurgiques homogene et heterogene ont ete comparees. Mots cles : Superalliage Base-nickel, Fatigue-Fluage, Structures de Dislocations, Processus d'Endommagement, Oxydation, Vieillissement Metallurgique.
School Leaders' and Teachers' Preparedness to Support Education in Rwanda during the COVID-19 Emergency

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all Rwandan schools were closed in March 2020; they started to reopen in November 2020. To understand the Rwandan schools' level of preparedness to teach remotely during this unprecedented emergency, and for the eventual return to school, we conducted phone surveys with school leaders and teachers in 298 secondary schools in August 2020. Drawing from knowledge mobilization theory and quantitative data, our results indicate that there were gaps in school leaders' and teachers' access to technology and training, a lack of preparedness that could inform policy and practice in future emergencies. Our findings reveal that, before the pandemic, the male teachers in Rwanda had more access than the female teachers to both technological devices and online experience, and that the teachers from well-resourced schools were more likely than teachers from regular schools to own some kind of device to use for teaching. We found that the teachers whose school leaders had received guidance on how to continue education during the school closures were more likely to receive their support. Two additional findings were that younger teachers were more likely than the older ones to support their students during the school closures, and that the school leaders and teachers we surveyed believed that students from low-income families and rural areas benefitted the least from remote learning. These findings indicate that, in Rwanda, the level of preparedness to support schooling during the COVID-19 emergency was negatively affected by preexisting and ongoing inequalities in access to both material and nonmaterial resources.
The impact of socioemotional wealth on corporate reporting readability in a multinational family-controlled ﬁrm

Extant research suggests that the most signiﬁcant elements of a family ﬁrm’s socioemotional wealth (SEW) can drive ﬁnancial reporting decisions. This paper explores this empirically by analyzing corporate disclosures of a case organization – Guinness, a multinational family brewing ﬁrm – over an extended period. We identify the presence of the SEW dimensions in the ﬁrm’s corporate disclosures and explore the relationship between the most salient SEW dimension (family identity) and readability, measured by the Bog index. The analysis ﬁnds a positive association between family identity and readability in the period when the ﬁrm under study can be deﬁned as a family ﬁrm. Other SEW dimensions do not appear to have an inﬂuence on readability. In addition, at the end of the period of study, when the ﬁrm under study ceased to be a family ﬁrm, the SEW dimensions failed to have an effect on readability.
Patient Perspectives of Barriers and Facilitators for the Uptake of Pharmacogenomic Testing in Veterans Affairs’ Pharmacogenomic Testing for the Veterans (PHASER) Program

We applied implementation science frameworks to identify barriers and facilitators to veterans’ acceptance of pharmacogenomic testing (PGx), which was made available as a part of clinical care at 25 VA medical centers. We conducted 30 min interviews with veterans who accepted (n = 14), declined (n = 9), or were contemplating (n = 8) PGx testing. Six team members coded one transcript from each participant group to develop the codebook and finalize definitions. Three team members coded the remaining 28 transcripts and met regularly with the larger team to reach a consensus. The coders generated a matrix of implementation constructs by testing status to identify the similarities and differences between accepters, decliners, and contemplators. All groups understood the PGx testing procedures and possible benefits. In the decision-making, accepters prioritized the potential health benefits of PGx testing, such as reducing side effects or the number of medications. In contrast, decliners prioritized the possibilities of data breach or the negative impact on healthcare insurance or Veterans Affairs benefits. Contemplators desired to speak to a provider to learn more before making a decision. Efforts to improve the clarity of data security and the impact on benefits may improve veterans’ abilities to make more informed decisions about whether to undergo PGx testing.