Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimalarial and Antileishmanial Flavonoids from Calendula officinalis Flowers

Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as English or pot marigold, is an herbaceous plant with edible flowers. In this study, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used for tentative identification of compounds in marigold flower methanol extract (MFE). In addition, RP-HPLC-DAD analysis was used to quantify the flavonoids hesperidin and rutin in MFE. The antileishmanial potentials of the crude extract and compounds were evaluated against Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes. Further, in vivo 4-day antimalarial testing of the extract and compounds was carried out at doses of 25 mg kg−1 per day using mice infected with ANKA strain of Plasmodium berghei, following standard procedure. Molecular docking studies were carried out to assess the binding mode of flavonoids against the vital targets of L. major, including pteridine reductase 1 and farnesyl diphosphate synthase enzymes. The in silico antimalarial potentials of flavonoids were evaluated against wild-type Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase and phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase enzymes. Twenty compounds were tentatively identified by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of MFE, of which, seven flavonoids, six saponins, three phenolic acids, three fatty acids, and a triterpene glycoside were identified. MFE phytochemical analysis revealed that hesperidin content was 36.17 mg g−1 extract, that is, 9.9-fold their content of rutin (3.65 mg g−1 extract). The method was validated to ensure reproducibility of the results. The tested samples exhibited antileishmanial potentials against L. major promastigotes, with IC50 values of 98.62, 118.86, and 104.74 ng µL−1 for hesperidin, rutin, and MFE, respectively. Likewise, hesperidin showed inhibitory potentials against L. major amastigote with an IC50 value of 108.44 ± 11.2 µM, as compared to miltefosine. The mean survival time, parasitemia, and suppression percentages showed similar results for the three samples against ANKA strain of P. berghei. The docking studies showed good binding affinities of rutin and hesperidin with numerous H-bonding and van der Waals interactions. Marigold flowers are nutraceuticals, presenting important sources of bioactive flavonoids with potential against neglected tropical diseases.
Localization of Large Earthquakes in the Charlevoix Seismic Zone, Quebec, Canada, during the Past 10,000 Years

Earthquake-induced liquefaction features have been found in Holocene and Late Wisconsin sediments exposed along three rivers in the Charlevoix seismic zone. On the basis of their stratigraphic position and radiocarbon age constraints, the liquefaction features are thought to have formed during three or more earthquake episodes centered in Charlevoix during the past 10,000 years, including at least two prehistoric episodes approximately 5,000 and 10,000 years ago. The spatial distribution of liquefaction features coupled with liquefaction potential analysis suggests that the Charlevoix earthquakes were of moment magnitude ( M ) ≥ 6.2. Liquefaction features have not been found in similar sediments exposed along eight rivers in the Quebec City–Trois Rivieres area, 70 to 150 km from Charlevoix in the St. Lawrence River Valley. The apparent absence of liquefaction features in the Quebec City–Trois Rivieres area suggests that few, if any, large earthquakes have occurred here during the same time period. The geologic record of earthquakes may be incomplete in both areas due to fluctuations in Holocene sea level. Nevertheless, the rate of large earthquakes has apparently been much higher in the Charlevoix seismic zone than in adjacent areas of the St. Lawrence for thousands of years. These findings suggest that seismicity is localized in Charlevoix and that the presence of Iapetan rift faults that underlie the St. Lawrence Valley of southeastern Canada may not, in itself, indicate earthquake potential. These results may have important implications for other Iapetan rift faults in the eastern United States, as well as seismic source zone characterization and hazard assessment throughout eastern North America.
The Importance of Lateral Diffusion for the Ventilation of the Lower Thermocline in the Subtropical North Atlantic

Abstract An analysis of the physical mechanisms contributing to the ventilation of the lower subtropical thermocline (26.5 < σθ < 27.3) of the North Atlantic is presented. Examination of the surface forcing suggests that this density range in the Atlantic should be strongly ventilated by flow from the surface winter mixed layer. In contrast to this expectation, the isopycnic distribution of tracers within the shielded thermocline fails to show evidence of net advective penetration of recently ventilated waters into the eastern North Atlantic. Instead, the presence of the Azores Current appears to block the net southward invasion of mass from the region of the isopycnal surface outcrops. Tracer properties of recently ventilated waters enter the gyre by diffusive exchange across the Azores Front. Evidence of this diffusive ventilation based on both steady-state and transient tracers is presented. Mean basin-scale property distributions on σθ = 27.0 are diagnosed from an expanded high quality hydrographic da.
Height loss in adulthood is associated with health outcomes in later life in men and women enrolled in the 1946 UK Birth Cohort (NSHD)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between height in childhood and relative height loss in adulthood, and to examine the association between height loss and health at age 69. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Data from one of the oldest ongoing cohort studies, the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD, 1946 UK birth cohort) Participants: 2,119 study participants who completed the nurse home visit during the 24th and most recent available follow-up examination at age 69. Main outcome measures: Linear regression models to estimate the association between meas-ured height in childhood years relative height loss between ages 36 and 69. Logistic regression models using generalized additive models to estimate the probability of worse health at age 69 (chronic disease score, general health status, osteoarthritis, and pain while walking) in associa-tion with height loss. Results: Between the ages of 36 and 69, men lost an average of 2.03 cm and women 2.44 cm. Women lost significantly more height than men (p<0.001). The taller the participants were at a young age, the more height they lost in adulthood. There was a significant association between height loss in adulthood on the one hand and general health, chronic disease score (in men), osteoarthritis (in men), and walking pain at age 69. These findings largely persisted after adjust-ing the models for overweight, sociodemographic information, and lifestyle factors earlier in life. Conclusions: Height loss seems to mirror deteriorating health as people age. Height measurement and assessment of height loss should be part of regular examinations after the age of 40 to monitor general health status, especially in the case of severe height loss.
The medication process in a psychiatric hospital: are errors a potential threat to patient safety?

Purpose: To investigate the frequency, type, and potential severity of errors in several stages of the medication process in an inpatient psychiatric setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study using three methods for detecting errors: (1) direct observation; (2) unannounced control visits in the wards collecting dispensed drugs; and (3) chart reviews. All errors, except errors in discharge summaries, were assessed for potential consequences by two clinical pharmacologists. Setting: Three psychiatric wards with adult patients at Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark, from January 2010–April 2010. The observational unit: The individual handling of medication (prescribing, dispensing, and administering). Results: In total, 189 errors were detected in 1,082 opportunities for error (17%) of which 84/998 (8%) were assessed as potentially harmful. The frequency of errors was: prescribing, 10/189 (5%); dispensing, 18/189 (10%); administration, 142/189 (75%); and discharge summaries, 19/189 (10%). The most common errors were omission of pro re nata dosing regime in computerized physician order entry, omission of dose, lack of identity control, and omission of drug. Conclusion: Errors throughout the medication process are common in psychiatric wards to an extent which resembles error rates in somatic care. Despite a substantial proportion of errors with potential to harm patients, very few errors were considered potentially fatal. Medical staff needs greater awareness of medication safety and guidelines related to the medication process. Many errors in this study might potentially be prevented by nursing staff when handling medication and observing patients for effect and side effects of medication. The nurses’ role in psychiatric medication safety should be further explored as nurses appear to be in the unique position to intercept errors before they reach the patient.
EMDR versus stabilisation in traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: results of a pilot study

Background Traumatised asylum seekers and refugees are clinically considered a complex population. Discussion exists on whether with this population treatment guidelines for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should be followed and Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) or Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) should be applied, or whether a phased model starting with stabilisation is preferable. Some clinicians fear that trauma-focused interventions may lead to unmanageable distress or may be ineffective. While cognitive-behavioural interventions have been found to be effective with traumatised refugees, no studies concerning the efficacy of EMDR with this population have been conducted as yet. Objective In preparation for a randomised trial comparing EMDR and stabilisation with traumatised refugees, a pilot study with 20 participants was conducted. The objective was to examine feasibility of participation in a randomised trial for this complex population and to examine acceptability and preliminary efficacy of EMDR. Design Participants were randomly allocated to 11 sessions of either EMDR or stabilisation. Symptoms of PTSD (SCID-I, HTQ), depression and anxiety (HSCL-25), and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) were assessed at pre- and post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Results Participation of traumatised refugees in the study was found feasible, although issues associated with complex traumatisation led to a high pre-treatment attrition and challenges in assessments. Acceptability of EMDR was found equal to that of stabilisation with a high drop-out for both conditions. No participants dropped out of the EMDR condition because of unmanageable distress. While improvement for EMDR participants was small, EMDR was found to be no less efficacious than stabilisation. Different symptom courses between the two conditions, with EMDR showing some improvement and stabilisation showing some deterioration between pre-treatment and post-treatment, justify the conduct of a full trial. Conclusion With some adaptations in study design, inclusion of a greater sample is justifiable to determine which treatment is more suitable for this complex population. For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files under Reading Tools online
Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use : results of the INTERPHONE international case – control study

Results A reduced odds ratio (OR) related to ever having been a regular mobile phone user was seen for glioma [OR 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.94] and meningioma (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.68–0.91), possibly reflecting participation bias or other methodological limitations. No elevated OR was observed 510 years after first phone use (glioma: OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.76–1.26; meningioma: OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.61–1.14). ORs were <1.0 for all deciles of lifetime number of phone calls and nine deciles of cumulative call time. In the 10th decile of recalled cumulative call time, 51640 h, the OR was 1.40 (95% CI 1.03–1.89) for glioma, and 1.15 (95% CI 0.81–1.62) for meningioma; but there are implausible values of reported use in this group. ORs for glioma tended to be greater in the temporal lobe than in other lobes of the brain, but the CIs around the lobe-specific estimates were wide. ORs for glioma tended to be greater in subjects who reported usual phone use on the same side of the head as their tumour than on the opposite side.
Data collection and simulation of high range resolution laser radar for surface mine detection

Rapid and efficient detection of surface mines, IED's (Improvised Explosive Devices) and UXO (Unexploded Ordnance) is of high priority in military conflicts. High range resolution laser radars combined with passive hyper/multispectral sensors offer an interesting concept to help solving this problem. This paper reports on laser radar data collection of various surface mines in different types of terrain. In order to evaluate the capability of 3D imaging for detecting and classifying the objects of interest a scanning laser radar was used to scan mines and surrounding terrain with high angular and range resolution. These data were then fed into a laser radar model capable of generating range waveforms for a variety of system parameters and combinations of different targets and backgrounds. We can thus simulate a potential system by down sampling to relevant pixel sizes and laser/receiver characteristics. Data, simulations and examples will be presented.
How accurate are self‐evaluations of singing ability?

Research has shown that people inaccurately assess their own abilities on self‐report measures, including academic, athletic, and music ability. Evidence suggests this is also true for singing, with individuals either overestimating or underestimating their level of singing competency. In this paper, we present the Melbourne Singing Tool Questionnaire (MST‐Q), a brief 16‐item measure exploring people's self‐perceptions of singing ability and engagement with singing. Using a large sample of Australian twins (n = 996), we identified three latent factors underlying MST‐Q items and examined whether these factors were related to an objective phenotypic measure of singing ability. The three factors were identified as Personal Engagement, Social Engagement, and Self‐Evaluation. All factors were positively associated with objective singing performance, with the Self‐Evaluation factor yielding the strongest correlation (r = 0.66). Both the Self‐Evaluation factor and a single self‐report item of singing ability shared the same predictive strength. Contrary to expectations, our findings suggest that self‐evaluation strongly predicts singing ability, and this self‐evaluation is of higher predictive value than self‐reported engagement with music and singing.
Natural and anthropogenic trace metals in sediments of the Ligurian Sea

article i nfo The magnitude and the chronology of anthropogenic impregnation by Hg and other trace metals of environ- mental concern (V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd and Pb, including its stable isotopes) in the sediments are deter- mined at the DYFAMED station, a site in the Ligurian Sea (Northwestern Mediterranean) chosen for its supposed open-sea characteristics. The DYFAMED site (VD) is located on the right levee of the Var Canyon turbidite system, at the end of the Middle Valley. In order to trace the influence of the gravity current coming from the canyon on trace metal distribution in the sediment, we studied an additional sediment core (VA) from a terrace of the Var Canyon, and material collected in sediment traps at the both sites at 20 m above sea bottom. The patterns of Hg and other trace element distribution profiles are interpreted using stable Pb isotope ratios as proxies for its sources, taking into account the sedimentary context (turbidites, redox con- ditions, and sedimentation rates). Major element distributions, coupled with the stratigraphic examination of the sediment cores point out the high heterogeneity of the deposits at VA, and major turbiditic events at both sites. At the DYFAMED site, we observed direct anthropogenic influence in the upper sediment layer (b2 cm), while on the Var Canyon site (VA), the anthropization concerns the whole sedimentary column sampled (19 cm). Turbiditic events superimpose their specific signature on trace metal distributions. According to the
Impact of wood cuts on the structure and floristic diversity of vegetation in the peri-urban zone of Ngaoundere, Cameroon

The main objective of this paper was to study the impact of various wood cuts on the structure and the floristic diversity of the savannas, and to seek for durable solutions against deforestation during a four year investigation. An inventory of the woody layer on 120 sites areas of 50 × 50 m showed that savannas have structures in "L". This structure translate the state of the degradation of the vegetation. The floristic diversity showed that the characteristic species of the degradation of the shrubby savannas area are Hymenocardia acida, Piliostigma thonningii and Annona senegalensis , and those of the wooded savannas are Daniellia oliveri and Cesalpinia sp. It was also shown that highest wood cuts are depressive for the stability of the savannas and for the disappearance of the vegetable biodiversity. Consequently, they are responsible for the acceleration of the degradation and the alarming installation of the desert in wet savannas of Ngaoundere. A measure of co-administration between the government and the bordering population must be therefore encouraged to protect and safeguard the anthropized vegetation.
Melt transport and deformation history in a nonvolcanic ophiolitic section, northern Apennines, Italy: Implications for crustal accretion at slow spreading settings

Field observations and petrological and geochemical data are used to constrain a conceptual model for the formation of a gabbro‐peridotite section from Ligurian ophiolites (Italy). The studied section is attributed to an intraoceanic domain of the Jurassic Ligurian‐Piedmontese basin and is characterized by the lack of a basalt layer, similar to nonvolcanic segments from (ultra)slow spreading ridges. The proposed model shows a “hot” lithospheric evolution in which melt transport in the mantle under spinel to plagioclase facies conditions occurred mostly in the form of grain‐scale porous flow. We recognize a series of melt/peridotite interaction events, either diffuse or channeled, which modified the composition of the moderately depleted precursor mantle. In particular, localized infiltrations of MORB‐type melts gave rise to formation of spinel websterite layers close to the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary. The peridotite‐websterite association was involved in a spinel facies deformation attributed to emplacement of asthenospheric material at the base of the lithosphere. The “hot” lithospheric evolution is followed by an evolution characterized by melt transport through fractures, which started with crystallization of melt into troctolite to olivine gabbro dikes. Both mantle structures and gabbroic dikes are locally crosscut by gabbroic sills. As the mantle section cooled significantly, the dip of the melt migration structures evolved from subvertical to subhorizontal. The growth of a gabbroic pluton (up to ∼400 m thick) that is intruded into the mantle sequence is attributed to accretion of gabbroic sills. The tectonomagmatic history recorded by the gabbroic pluton after its solidification is characterized by ductile shearing developed from near‐solidus to amphibolite facies conditions.
Downdrag Measurements on a 160-Ft Floating Pipe Test Pile in Marine Clay

Large negative skin friction loads were observed on a 160 ft (49 m) steel pipe test pile floating in marine clay. The test pile was driven, open-ended, on the centerline of a 30 ft (9 m) high granular approach fill on the Quebec Autoroute near Berthierville. Since the installation was made in 1966 the fill has settled 21 in. (53 cm), dragging the pile down with it. Negative skin friction acting along the upper surface of the pile was resisted by positive skin friction acting along the lower end as it penetrated the underlying clay. Under these conditions the pile compressed about (2 cm). Analysis of the axial strains indicated that a peak compressive load of 140 t developed at the inflection point between negative and positive skin friction 73 ft (22 m) below the top of the pile. Negative and positive skin friction acting on the upper surface of the pile exceeded the in situ shear strength and approached the drained strength of the soil where excess pore water pressures had dissipated. At the lower end wh.
Applicability of multiple quantitative magnetic resonance methods in genetic brain white matter disorders

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of tissue microstructure are important for monitoring brain white matter (WM) disorders like leukodystrophies and multiple sclerosis. They should be sensitive to underlying pathological changes. Three whole‐brain isotropic quantitative methods were applied and compared within a cohort of controls and leukodystrophy patients: two novel myelin water imaging (MWI) techniques (multi‐compartment relaxometry diffusion‐informed MWI: MCR‐DIMWI, and multi‐echo T2 relaxation imaging with compressed sensing: METRICS) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI).
Fayetteville, Green Lake, New York: 3H‐3He water mass ages and secondary chemical structure1,2

New chemical and isotopic measurements in Green Lake arc reported. Chemistry and helium isotope profiles give evidence of a secondary chemocline at ==32.5 m marked by distinct enrichments in S*-, CII,, X0,, Na’, and Cl-. “H and tritiugenic SHe are used to determine the water mass ages: a mean annual age of 3.1 years is obtained for the upper monomolimnion (16-32.5 m) and 5.8 years for the lower monimolimnion (32.5-52 m). Calculations using this time constraint indicate that S2-- and CH, enrichments at the secondary chemocline are the result of the increased residence time of these in situ-produced substances in the lower monimolimnion. On the other hand, Na+, Cl-, “He, and presumably CCO, enrichments and 3H depletions in the lower monimolimnion are more likely to be the result of a separate and probably diff&e groundwater input. 14C, 222Rn, and “He profiles support the presence of a strong point source of groundwater to the upper monimolimnion at =20 m. New ““Sr and 137Cs measurements are found to be inconsistent with a previously published two-box model.
Characteristics and prediction of risky gambling behaviour study: A study protocol

Abstract Objective This study protocol describes the RIGAB study, a prospective case‐control‐study assessing online sports betting behaviour and underlying risk factors for the development of gambling disorder (GD). It has two aims: (1) to characterise sports bettors concerning putative risk factors and their gambling behaviour, and (2) to predict the development of GD from these factors. Methods At baseline, online sports bettors took part in an online survey comprising a GD screening (DSM‐5), questions on gambling behaviour and on the putative risk factors emotion regulation, impulsivity, comorbidities, stress, and substance use. Participants were reinvited for a 1‐year follow‐up online survey. In a nested design, a subsample was invited in‐person to take part in a cognitive‐behavioural task battery and a clinical interview. Results Of the initial 6568 online sports bettors invited, 607 participated at baseline (rate: 9.2%), 325 took part in the 1‐year follow‐up and 54 participated in the nested in‐person assessment. Conclusion The RIGAB study combines different fields of GD studies: player tracking data and putative risk factors from self‐report and behavioural tasks. The results of this study will support the development of preventive measures for participants of online gambling based on the combined findings from previously rather distinct research fields.