Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instance-Invariant Domain Adaptive Object Detection Via Progressive Disentanglement

Most state-of-the-art methods of object detection suffer from poor generalization ability when the training and test data are from different domains. To address this problem, previous methods mainly explore to align distribution between source and target domains, which may neglect the impact of the domain-specific information existing in the aligned features. Besides, when transferring detection ability across different domains, it is important to extract the instance-level features that are domain-invariant. To this end, we explore to extract instance-invariant features by disentangling the domain-invariant features from the domain-specific features. Particularly, a progressive disentangled mechanism is proposed to decompose domain-invariant and domain-specific features, which consists of a base disentangled layer and a progressive disentangled layer. Then, with the help of Region Proposal Network (RPN), the instance-invariant features are extracted based on the output of the progressive disentangled layer. Finally, to enhance the disentangled ability, we design a detached optimization to train our model in an end-to-end fashion. Experimental results on four domain-shift scenes show our method is separately 2.3, 3.6, 4.0, and 2.0 percent higher than the baseline method. Meanwhile, visualization analysis demonstrates that our model owns well disentangled ability.
Regulating Greed Over Time in Multi-Armed Bandits

In retail, there are predictable yet dramatic time-dependent patterns in customer behavior, such as periodic changes in the number of visitors, or increases in customers just before major holidays. The current paradigm of multi-armed bandit analysis does not take these known patterns into account. This means that for applications in retail, where prices are fixed for periods of time, current bandit algorithms will not suffice. This work provides a remedy that takes the time-dependent patterns into account, and we show how this remedy is implemented for the UCB, ε-greedy, and UCB-L algorithms, and also through a new policy called the variable arm pool algorithm. In the corrected methods, exploitation (greed) is regulated over time, so that more exploitation occurs during higher reward periods, and more exploration occurs in periods of low reward. In order to understand why regret is reduced with the corrected methods, we present a set of bounds that provide insight into why we would want to exploit during periods of high reward, and discuss the impact on regret. Our proposed methods perform well in experiments, and were inspired by a high-scoring entry in the Exploration and Exploitation 3 contest using data from Yahoo! Front Page. That entry heavily used time-series methods to regulate greed over time, which was substantially more effective than other contextual bandit methods.
Rethinking Coherence Modeling: Synthetic vs. Downstream Tasks

Although coherence modeling has come a long way in developing novel models, their evaluation on downstream applications for which they are purportedly developed has largely been neglected. With the advancements made by neural approaches in applications such as machine translation (MT), summarization and dialog systems, the need for coherence evaluation of these tasks is now more crucial than ever. However, coherence models are typically evaluated only on synthetic tasks, which may not be representative of their performance in downstream applications. To investigate how representative the synthetic tasks are of downstream use cases, we conduct experiments on benchmarking well-known traditional and neural coherence models on synthetic sentence ordering tasks, and contrast this with their performance on three downstream applications: coherence evaluation for MT and summarization, and next utterance prediction in retrieval-based dialog. Our results demonstrate a weak correlation between the model performances in the synthetic tasks and the downstream applications, motivating alternate training and evaluation methods for coherence models.
Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and emergence of tigecycline non-susceptible strains in the Henan province in China: a multicentrer study

Introduction Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been responsible for nosocomial outbreaks worldwide and have become endemic in several countries. Hypothesis/Gap Statement To better understand the epidemiological trends and characteristics of CRE in the Henan province. Aim We assessed the molecular epidemiological characteristics of 305 CRE strains isolated from patients in 19 secondary or tertiary hospitals in ten areas of the Henan province in China. Methodology A total of 305 CRE isolates were subjected to multiple tests, including in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR for carbapenemase genes bla KPC, bla NDM, bla IMP, bla VIM, bla OXA-48-like. Tigecycline-resistant genes ramR, oqxR, acrR, tetA, rpsJ, tetX, tetM, tetL were analysed in five tigecycline non-susceptible carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (TNSCRKP). Additionally, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP). Results The most common CRE species were K. pneumoniae (234, 77 %), Escherichia coli (36, 12 %) and Enterobacter cloacae (13, 4 %). All strains exhibited multi-drug resistance. Overall, 97 % (295/305) and 97 % (297/305) of the isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B and tigecycline, respectively. A total of 89 % (271/305) of the CRE isolates were carbapenemase gene-positive, including 70 % bla KPC, 13 % bla NDM, 6 % bla IMP, and 1 % combined bla KPC/bla NDM genes. K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was the predominant carbapenemase in K. pneumoniae (87 %), whereas NDM and IMP were frequent in E. coli (53 %) and E. cloacae (69 %), respectively. Mutations in the ramR, tetA, and rpsJ genes were detected in five TNSCRKP. Moreover, 15 unique sequence types were detected, with ST11 (74 %), ST15 (9 %) and ST2237 (5 %) being dominant among K. pneumoniae strains. Conclusion A high proportion of CRE strains were carbapenemase-positive, and five carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia isolates were tigecycline non-susceptible, indicating a need for the ongoing surveillance of CRE and effective measures for the prevention of CRE infections.
Effects of a contusion load on spinal cord with different curvatures

Abstract The cervical spine injury is a complicated procedure in the combination of different injury loads and postures. The aim of this study is to investigate the injury mechanism considering different types of cervical curvatures subjected to contusion loads. A finite element model of a cervical spinal cord was constructed. Gray matter, white matter and pia matter were modeled and hyperelastic material properties were assigned. Convergence analysis and validation analysis were carried out. The model was simulated in 3 different spinal curvatures and loaded by 2 directions with 4 compression degrees. The maximum von Mises stress in the whole model was concentrated in the pia matter in all loading cases. When investigating spinal cord injury, the pia matter must be considered. For all three curvatures, the stress in the gray matter and white matter was higher in front-to-back loading condition than that in back-to-front loading condition. The front-to-back impact may cause a larger damage. A back-to-front load damaged the structure around the central canal and a front-to-back contusion load damaged the anterior horn of the spinal cord at most time. From the view of the maximum stress, the lordotic curvature did not show significant buffering effect. However, the pathological curvature had large areas affected and the lordotic curvature showed some benefits to some degree from the view of stress distribution.
Impact of bronchiectasis on susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19: a nationwide cohort study

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Ther Adv Respir Dis
Double Vision on Social Media: How Self-Generated Alcohol-Related Content Posts Moderate the Link between Viewing Others’ Posts and Drinking

A robust finding is the positive association between self-generated alcohol-related content (SG-ARC) on social media (SM) and drinking among emerging adults; however, the reasons for this relationship are still unclear. A factor that has yet to be explored in combination with SG-ARC is how viewing others’ alcohol-related content (ARC) may be impacting young adults’ drinking. This cross-sectional study conducted across two universities asked students (N = 780; M = 20.80 years old; SD = 2.29; 67.82% female) to self-report how many SG-ARC posts they posted, to estimate how much they saw others’ ARC, and how much they drank weekly. SG-ARC was then evaluated as a moderator of the association between viewing others’ ARC and drinking. A negative binomial regression model with robust sandwich estimators was employed. Results revealed that both SG-ARC and viewing others’ ARC were positively associated with drinking. A significant two-way interaction between SG-ARC and others’ ARC emerged such that viewing others’ posts appeared to exert an influence on drinking, particularly for students who did not post as many SG-ARC posts. These findings provide evidence that seeing others’ ARC may be socially influencing students to drink, especially if they do not post as much SG-ARC themselves, by altering their internalized drinking norms.
Fungi and their metabolites in grain from individual households in Croatia

ABSTRACT A total of 117 fungal metabolites were detected in grains collected in Gunja-G (flooded village) and Gornji Stupnik-GS (control village), located in the Zagreb County, Croatia. Major mycotoxins and derivatives (17), ergot alkaloids (14), Fusarium (23), Aspergillus (18), Penicillium (18), Alternaria (7) and other fungal and unspecific metabolites (20) were found. A higher number of metabolites co-occurred per sample in grains from G (115) than in GS (91). Regulated mycotoxins were below maximum limits except fumonisins B1,2 in 15–20% of grains and aflatoxin B1. Fusarium metabolites contaminated more than 50% of grains at both locations. Besides FB1,2, bikaverin, aurofusarin, culmorin and 15-hidroxyculmorin were detected at relatively high concentrations. Ergot alkaloids were detected at 2–18 times higher concentrations in grains from G as compared to GS. Majority of Aspergillus mycotoxins were present at a low frequency (5–15%). Penicillium metabolites recovered with higher frequency in GS (55–70%) than in G (20–55%). Alteranaria metabolites prevailed in grains from G (60–80%).
Emotion Recognition Deficits in Psychiatric Disorders as a Target of Non-invasive Neuromodulation: A Systematic Review

Background. Social cognition deficits are a core feature of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and mood disorder, and deteriorate the functionality of patients. However, no definite strategy has been established to treat social cognition (eg, emotion recognition) impairments in these illnesses. Here, we provide a systematic review of the literature regarding transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of social cognition deficits in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Methods. A literature search was conducted on English articles identified by PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases, according to the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. We defined the inclusion criteria as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), (2) targeting patients with psychiatric disorders (included in F20-F39 of the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems [ICD-10]), (3) evaluating the effect of tDCS or rTMS, (4) reporting at least one standardized social cognition test. Results. Five papers (3 articles on tDCS and 2 articles on rTMS) met the inclusion criteria which deal with schizophrenia or depression. The significant effects of tDCS or rTMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the emotion recognition domain were reported in patients with schizophrenia or depression. In addition, rTMS on the right inferior parietal lobe was shown to ameliorate social perception impairments of schizophrenia. Conclusions. tDCS and rTMS may enhance some domains of social cognition in patients with psychiatric disorders. Further research is warranted to identify optimal parameters to maximize the cognitive benefits of these neuromodulation methods.
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICONE OIL-WATER INTERFACE IN THE PRESENCE OF IONIC SURFACTANTS AND SALT: IMPORTANCE IN THE STABILITY OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS

Silicone oil emulsions are used in a variety of industries. Electrical properties of the oil-water interface play a very important role in the stability of these emulsions. This work reports studies on the stability of silicone oil-water emulsions in the presence of ionic surfactants and salt. It was found that the addition of salt has a profound effect on the electrical properties of the interface. The kinetics of the growth of oil droplets in the emulsion was studied in emulsions containing a low volume fraction of silicone oil. The growth of droplets followed second-order kinetics commensurate with binary coalescence of droplets. It was found that the surfactant concentration and the presence of salt had a significant effect on the size of the droplets as well as their rate of growth. The stability of emulsions was correlated with the electrical properties of the oil-water interface and adsorption of surfactant molecules at the interface.
OCTA Assessment of the Diabetic Macula: a Comparison Study among Different Algorithms.

PURPOSE To assess the impact of histogram adjustments and binarization thresholding selection on quantitative measurements of diabetic macular ischemia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) who had swept-source OCTA imaging obtained were enrolled. An additional group of 15 healthy control subjects was included for comparison. Previously employed brightness/contrast changes and binarization thresholds were applied to original OCTA images in order to obtain and compare different binarized images. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons were performed. RESULTS Thirty patients with DR (30 eyes) were included in the analysis. Fifteen eyes displayed the presence of diabetic macular edema (DME). Qualitative grading revealed that binarized images obtained using a global threshold had better quality compared with local or multistep thresholds. The "median" filter was most frequently graded as the histogram adjustment resulting in binarized images with best quality. In the quantitative analysis, local thresholds tended to generate higher values of measured metrics. Differences in OCTA metrics between global and local thresholds were associated with presence of DME and signal strength index value. In the comparison between healthy and DR eyes, differences in OCTA metrics were significantly affected by binarization threshold selection. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative OCTA parameters may be significantly influenced by strategies to quantify macular perfusion. Image quality and presence of macular edema can significantly impact OCTA-derived quantitative vascular measurements and differences between global and local binarization thresholds. These findings highlight the importance of consistent strategies to reliably generate quantitative OCTA metrics in DR patients.
Bio-based tetrafunctional crosslink agent from gallic acid and its enhanced soybean oil-based UV-cured coatings with high performance

The utilization of soybean oil-based UV coatings depends on the introduction of petroleum-based comonomers or crosslink agents. Thus, in this paper, a bio-based crosslink agent (GACA) for UV curable coatings was synthesized from gallic acid and its chemical structure was confirmed by FT IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Crosslinked networks with high biobased content of more than 88% were obtained after co-photopolymerization between acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and GACA. The thermal, mechanical and coating properties of these GACA crosslinked AESO networks were investigated and a commonly used crosslink agent triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) was used as the control. GACA exhibited more functional groups and better copolymerization with AESO than TAIC, resulting in the higher gel content, crosslink density, tensile strength and modulus as well as much better coating properties (reflected by the higher pencil hardness, better wear resistance and adhesion) of GACA crosslinked AESO networks than TAIC crosslinked AESO networks. These results indicated that GACA exhibited great potential to replace petroleum-based crosslink agents such as TAIC, and high-performance soybean oil-based UV-cured coatings with high biobased content could be achieved after introducing GACA.
Clozapine-Associated Myocarditis

Abstract Background Clozapine is the only medication with Food and Drug Administration approval for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, it is underutilized in the United States because of several life-threatening adverse effects, including clozapine-associated myocarditis (CAM), and a limited understanding of how to manage these complications. To date, recommendations for rechallenging patients with CAM that incorporate the cardiac literature or cardioprotective medications have not been developed. Findings In this article, we outline a protocol developed with cardiologists and guided by the cardiac literature that provides direction on how to monitor for the initial development of CAM and how to rechallenge patients with CAM. Furthermore, we present 2 successful cases of clozapine rechallenge that were managed using this protocol. Conclusions In both cases, the patients showed marked improvement in their psychiatric symptoms and functioning, demonstrating the importance of considering rechallenge in patients after CAM.
The impact of cultural stress and gender norms on alcohol use severity among Latino immigrant men

ABSTRACT Alcohol misuse affects 15 million people in the United States. Compared to White men, Latino men have disproportionately higher rates of both alcohol misuse and negative alcohol-related consequences (e.g. drunk driving, liver disease, alcohol dependence, HIV/AIDS). This cross sectional study examined how cultural stressors [immigration stress and negative context of reception (NCR)] coupled with traditional Latino male gender norms (machismo and caballerismo) influences alcohol use severity (AUS) among adult Latino immigrant men. Data for the present study was collected between 2017 and 2018 from 279 Cuban, Central American, and South American adult Latino men who immigrated to the US approximately 10 years prior. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed higher levels of perceived NCR (β = 0.15, p = .01), and machismo (β = 0.16, p = .02) were associated with greater AUS. Significant interaction effects were found between both cultural stressors and machismo [immigration stress x machismo (β = 0.22, p < .001); NCR x machismo (β = 0.22, p < .001)] whereby higher levels of machismo strengthened the association between cultural stress and AUS. Findings from the present study can inform culturally appropriate interventions aimed at mitigating alcohol use among Latino immigrant men.
Postpartum Marijuana Use, Perceptions of Safety, and Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration: An Analysis of PRAMS Data From Seven States, 2017

Background Little is known about breastfeeding initiation and duration in the context of postpartum marijuana use and safety beliefs. Research Aims (1) To describe characteristics of women who used marijuana postpartum; (2) to evaluate the relationship between postpartum marijuana use and breastfeeding behaviors; and 3) to assess, among women who used marijuana postpartum, how safety perceptions are associated with breastfeeding behaviors. Methods Data from the cross-sectional Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a United States national governmental survey, 2017, were analyzed for participants with infants aged ≥ 12 weeks (seven states, unweighted N = 4604). Chi-square tests were used to compare characteristics and counseling for postpartum marijuana use. For participants with postpartum use, adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated to evaluate relationships between safety perceptions and breastfeeding initiation and duration. Results Overall, 5.5% (95% CI [4.6, 6.6]) of participants reported postpartum marijuana use; among these women, 47.2% (CI [37.6, 56.9]) were breastfeeding at the time of the survey. Overall, 25.7% of participants indicated that they had been advised, by their prenatal care provider, against marijuana use while breastfeeding. Breastfeeding initiation or duration did not differ by postpartum marijuana use. Among participants with postpartum use, those who perceived marijuana was safe for breastfeeding women to use were more likely to have breastfed (aPR = 1.22, CI [1.04, 1.43]) and have a breastfeeding duration > 12 weeks (aPR = 1.57, CI [1.08, 2.27]) compared to those who perceived it to be unsafe. Conclusions Understanding maternal safety beliefs and provider education about the latest evidence and guidance related to postpartum marijuana use may improve clinical care.
Why are some drought-affected farmers less distressed than others? The association between stress, psychological distress, acceptance, behavioural disengagement and neuroticism.

OBJECTIVE To identify the modifiable psychological and behavioural coping strategies associated with low levels of psychological distress, independent of more stable personality and demographic factors, in a sample of farmers who reported being exposed to a recent stressful event during an extended drought. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Three hundred and nine South Australian, drought-affected grain, sheep and/or cattle farmers completed printed or online questionnaires. Only those who reported experiencing a stressful event in the past month that they rated ≥7 on a scale ranging from 1 (not stressful at all) to 10 (extremely stressful) were included in the analyses (n = 175, 65.06%). Participants ranged in age from 24 to 85 years and 40% were female. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and coping strategies were measured using a situational version of the COPE inventory. Five personality factors (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness) were assessed using the Quickscales-R. RESULTS In the final multivariable model, distress was elevated among individuals reporting higher neuroticism and behavioural disengagement, and lower in individuals reporting greater use of acceptance. These 3 variables explained 44% of the variance in distress. CONCLUSION Farmers recently exposed to a significant stressor, who used acceptance as a coping strategy, did not engage in behavioural disengagement and scored low on neuroticism, were least likely to experience distress. Given the stability of personality factors, interventions that foster farmers' use of acceptance and prevent behavioural disengagement as coping strategies might assist them with the management of future stressors, particularly in times of drought.