Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shape change for global vorticity shedding and added mass energy recovery

To develop super-maneuverable underwater vehicles, one must consider how to quickly and efficiently transfer momentum between the solid body and its surrounding fluid. This thesis explores the efficient transfer of momentum to an energetic wake in the case of global vorticity shedding, as well as the recovery of momentum from the wake back to the body in the case of added mass energy recovery. Global vorticity shedding occurs when an object rapidly vanishes from the fluid. A rapid retraction is an approximation of a disappearing object, and as a result both the added mass energy as well as the entirety of the boundary layer vorticity that was originally attached to the body is deposited into the fluid. The globally shed boundary layer vorticity, under certain conditions, may evolve into lasting and coherent vortex structures that entrain the added mass energy due to the original body moving in the fluid. Such free vortices coming close to other bodies may result in large forces to effect transient motion; for example, this is how swifts can manipulate leading edge vortices generated on their wings to perform aerial acrobatics. Another example is the release of free vortices to affect bodies downstream, as in the case of fish extracting energy from an upstream wake generated either from a leading fish when within a school, or from a bluff rock as in the case of Kàrmàn gaiting. First we show experimentally and through simulation that the geometry of a retracting foil strongly affects the amount of deposited energy and the wake structure. A square-tipped foil, whose cross-section appears to ‘vanish’ in the observation plane when the foil is retracted, entrains all of the original added mass energy into its globally shed wake, but also entrains the added mass energy associated with strong ring vorticity generation at the tip, causing disruptive transient effects and incoherence in the globally shed wake. On the other hand, a streamlined-tipped foil, tapered in both the chord and thickness directions, appears to ‘shrink’ within the observation plane, and does not shed strong ring-like vorticity at its tip when retracted in the span-wise direction, but also sheds a much less energetic wake due to a gradually changing cross-section. Finally a hollow foil, in which the thin-walled cross-section appears to ‘melt’
Macroeconomic Drivers and the Pricing of Uncertainty, Inflation, and Bonds

This paper analyzes a new stylized fact: The correlation between uncertainty shocks and changes in inflation expectations has declined and turned negative over the past quarter century. It rationalizes this fact within a standard New Keynesian model with a lower bound on interest rates combined with a decline in the natural rate of interest. With a lower natural rate, the likelihood of the lower bound binding increased and the effects of uncertainty on the economy became more pronounced. In such an environment, increases in uncertainty raise the possibility that the central bank will be unable to eliminate inflation shortfalls following negative demand shocks. As a result, the observed decline in the correlation between uncertainty and inflation expectations emerges. Average-inflation targeting policies can mitigate the longer-run effects of increases in uncertainty on the real economy.
AGREEMENT BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL SCREENING INSTRUMENTS IN HOSPITALIZED OLDER PATIENTS.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of hospitalized elderly patients has grown substantially and has impacted the hospital health services. Thus, it is believed that an investigation of the nutritional status associated with different clinical situations in elderly patients could contribute to multidisciplinary hospital intervention and nutritional care actions suitable for this population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between two nutritional screening instruments in hospitalized older patients and to compare clinical variables between these two instruments. METHODS Retrospective study with hospitalized older patients (n=277), investigating the agreement between two nutritional screening instruments. The data were analyzed using the McNemar, chi-square, Fisher, Mann-Whitney tests and the kappa coefficient for the agreement assessment. RESULTS There was a significant difference (P=0.0002) between the nutritional risk classifications of the two nutritional screening instruments and moderate agreement (k=0.5430) between them. The association between nutritional risk screening and age (P=0.0255), length of hospital stay (P<0.0001), gender (P=0.0365) and illness (P=0.0001) were assessed. There was an association between Mini Nutritional Assessment and length of stay (P<0.0001), illness (P=0.0001) and body weight evolution (P=0.0479). CONCLUSION The nutritional risk screening and Mini Nutritional Assessment showed moderate agreement in the assessment of elderly patients.
Empirical application of research design in management sciences

This paper examined the guidelines and procedures for conducting research design in management sciences. The objective of the paper is the empirical demonstration of the application of research design. The secondary method of data collection in the form of content analysis of documents, records, reports and projects was adopted as research methodology. Also, 10 undergraduate student’s projects were selected from the Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Abuja as case study. At the end of the study, the research findings revealed that researchers who are supposed to demonstrate the mastery of research design techniques practically end up defining the concept of research design by various scholars in the field of management sciences without adopting a single research design. Also, most investigators failed to adopt appropriate research designs that are capable of addressing the stated research problem or determine the target population and the nature of data collection/analysis of instruments. Similarly, many do not know, when and why a particular research design is suitable or appropriate for a particular study. On the whole, the study recommended that researchers should not only study to acquire knowledge on the meaning, types and procedures for the adoption of a research design but they must make frantic efforts to know why, how and when a particular research design is the most appropriate for a particular study.
A PLACE TO GROW OLD: THE MEANING OF ENVIRONMENT IN OLD AGE

interesting in the book. The three European authors offer four reasons for an international legal approach. First, "the environment knows no frontier; air, water--both rivers and oceans--and wildlife cannot be contained by national borders" (p. 111). Second, through an international approach, short-term costs for environmental protection are not imposed on a single national economy. Third, resources in the global commons need to be shared equitably. Fourth, national governments have a responsibility to humanity to conserve and manage exceptional natural areas and areas with special scientific, cultural, ecological, or aesthetic values. There are several international legal options available. There are soft law approaches, which involve rules with which nations should comply, but which cannot be enforced through police powers. Such soft law approaches include: non-binding resolutions, action programs, and declarations of principles. A second option is standard setting and licensing. An example of this approach is the waste disposal permits required under a series of international agreements. The final option is customary law, that is, the collection of environmental laws established by nations. To implement such laws the authors call for increased governmental effectiveness. However, they acknowledge that there is an "implementation gap":
Biofilm and Gene Expression Characteristics of the Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales, Escherichia coli IMP, and Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 Associated with Common Bacterial Infections

In light of the limited therapeutic options with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections, understanding the bacterial risk factors, such as biofilm formation and related gene expression of CRE, is vital. This study investigates the biofilm formation and biofilm-related gene expression of two enteric Enterobacterales with major CR determinants Escherichia coli IMP and Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1, which were seen in high prevalence in most common bacterial infections over the past few years. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrated the relationship between biofilm formation and the related gene expression, to understand the potential molecular mechanisms during the biofilm formation in CRE. Biofilms were quantified by tissue culture plate assay at the stages of the biofilm development: initial attachment (6 h), microcolony formation (12 h), maturation (24 h), and dispersion (48 h). In a dispersion, event bacteria detach without any mechanical means and colonise another area. To investigate the influence of different growth conditions on biofilm formation, biofilms were quantified under different growth conditions. In parallel, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assessed the biofilm-related gene expression of a cluster of genes, including biofilm maturation, quorum sensing, stress survival, and antibiotic resistance. Structural changes during biofilm development were assessed via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We observed that the biofilm formation of CRE is correlated with the biofilm development stages, with maximum biofilm observed at 24 h at the maturation stage. Our data also showed that biofilm growth, under the condition tested, is the major factor influencing the variability of biofilm gene expression quantification assays. qPCR analyses have demonstrated that the expression of biofilm-related genes is highly correlated with phenotypic biofilm development, and these findings can be further expanded to understand the variation in regulation of such genes in these significant CRE pathogens. Our study demonstrated that both CRE strains, E. coli IMP and K. pneumoniae NDM-1, are high biofilm formers, and genes involved in biofilm development are upregulated during biofilm growth. The characteristic of the increased biofilm formation with the upregulation of antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-related genes indicates the successful pathogenic role of biofilms of these selected CRE and is attributed to their multi-drug resistance ability and successful dissemination of CRE in common bacterial infections.
Plains rough fescue grassland restoration using natural regeneration after pipeline disturbances

Plains rough fescue (Festuca hallii), once a dominant grassland in the Northern Great Plains, has been reduced to a fraction of its original extent by agricultural intensification and energy sector disturbances and has become a threatened community type. Despite thousands of kilometers of pipelines in grasslands, little is documented about long‐term restoration outcomes. This research assessed recovery of rough fescue grassland 6–21 years after pipeline construction with topsoil stripping and natural regeneration relative to undisturbed reference sites in south‐central Canada. Soil properties varied between pipelines and undisturbed prairie, although most were within theoretical values to support plant growth and development. Vegetation cover, species richness and Shannon diversity and evenness did not differ significantly between pipelines and undisturbed prairie. Multivariate analysis (multi‐response permutation procedure) showed plant community composition, and its dominant species differed significantly between pipelines and undisturbed prairie. Bray–Curtis dissimilarity indices showed dominant species and functional species groups on pipelines were more similar to undisturbed prairie than the undesirable species group. Presence of early‐ to late‐successional species and increasing F. hallii with pipeline age indicate restoration was possible with topsoil salvage and replacement, using natural regeneration as a revegetation method, but requires time to develop and restore a typical rough fescue grassland ecosystem.
The design and implementation of a large-scale placer based on grid-warping

Placement is an important step in the overall IC design process, as it defines the on-chip interconnects, which are the bottleneck in determining circuit performance. Grid-warping is a new placement algorithm based on a strikingly simple idea: rather than move the gates to optimize their location, we elastically deform a model of the 2-D chip surface on which the gates have been roughly placed, "stretching" it until the gates arrange themselves to our liking. Put simply: we move the gird, not the gates. Deforming the elastic grid is a surprisingly simple, low-dimensional nonlinear optimization, and augments a traditional quadratic formulation. We describe in detail the algorithm design and detailed engineering of the first large-scale grid-warping placer capable of handling industrial-size designs with a mix of macrocells and gates. Experimental results show that our implementation of these ideas, a sequence of placers called WARP1, WARP2 and WARP3, are competitive with most recently published placers.
ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF MEAL ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN

High cost of poultry feed and limited fishmeal are currently the major challenges in poultry production. To reduce cost while maximizing production, there is the need to use cheap but high nutritional feed sources like Moringa oleifera. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of Moringa oleifera on the growth performance of broiler chicken by measuring their live weight, rate of mortality, feed conversion ratio and benefit cost (b/c) ratio. Field experiment was carried out at the Animal Science Department farm, located in the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi-Ghana. A total of 30-day old chicks were raised for eight weeks under the required conditions, with all vaccines administered appropriately. The experiment was laid in a Complete Randomized Design with five treatments namely T1= 100% conventional feed only (as control), T2= 50% MoLM (Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal) + 50% conventional, T3= 75% MoLM + 25% conventional, T4= 25% MoLM + 75% conventional, T5= 80% MoLM and each treatment replicated six times. The result showed no significant differences between the various treatment for the feed conversion ratio and live weight at different growth periods. The benefit/cost ratio of T1 was more than one while the other treatments were less than one. T4 (25% MoLM) had a b/c ratio close to one. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaf meal at different levels can be used to supplement the fishmeal component in the poultry diet of broiler chicken to produce similar results as that of the conventional feed. The study recommends that farmers can adopt Moringa oleifera based poultry feed for their bird production when they cannot afford the conventional feed (fish meal-based feed) to cut down cost economically while increasing productivity.
A novel all-elastomer MEMS tactile sensor for high dynamic range shear and normal force sensing

A novel all-elastomer MEMS tactile sensor with high dynamic force range is presented in this work. Conductive elastomeric capacitors formed from electrodes of varying heights enable robust sensing in both shear and normal directions without the need for multi-layered assembly. Sensor geometry has been tailored to maximize shear force sensitivity using multi-physics finite element simulations. A simple molding microfabrication process is presented to rapidly create the sensing skins with electrode gaps of 20 μ ? >m and sensor spacing of 3 mm. Shear force resolution was found to be as small as 50 mN and tested up to a range of 2 N (dynamic range of 40:1 ? >). Normal force resolution was found to be 190 mN with a tested range of 8 N (dynamic range of 42:1 ? >). Single load and multiload tests were conducted and the sensor exhibited intended behavior with low deviations between trials. Spatial tests were conducted on a 2×2 ? > sensor array and a spatial resolution of 1.5 mm was found.
Diagnostic Value of Hcy Combined with Blood Pressure Variability Index in the Severity of Hypertension Complicated with CSVD and Its Correlation with Cognitive Function and CysC Expression

This paper explores the diagnostic value of Hcy combined with the blood pressure variability index in the severity of hypertension complicated with CSVD and its correlation with cognitive function and CysC expression. 200 patients with ischemic small cerebral vessels are selected as the research object. According to the MRI findings, they are divided into 48 cases of white matter lesions (WML), 44 cases of lacunar infarction (LI), 44 cases of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVs), and 46 cases in the mixed group (referring to two or more types of ischemic cerebrovascular disease on imaging). Different cognitive domains of different types of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases are analyzed. The risk factors of cognitive decline in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease are analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. There is an ancestral correlation between serum Hcy and CSVD, which is an independent risk factor for CSVD.
A systematic review of work-related interventions for breast cancer survivors: Potential contribution of occupational therapists.

BACKGROUND A high number of breast cancer survivors need to resume work. Therefore, interventions aimed at effective work-related transitions are important. OBJECTIVE A systematic review to determine what occupational therapy interventions are effective in work-related transitions of breast cancer survivors. METHODS Multiple databases were searched for studies on work-related interventions within the scope of occupational therapy. Studies were included if 70% or more study participants were working age (> 18 years) breast cancer survivors, and work-related transition outcome measures were used. RESULTS The search yielded 2 872 articles, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. When classified according to the International Classification of Function Framework, quantitative sources focussed on Body Structures and Functions component and Multicomponents (consists of the Body Structures and Functions Component and the Activities Component) showed positive effects on improving the work-related transitions of BC survivors, however, the effects were statistically insignificant and the strength of evidence was moderate. Participants in a qualitative source reported that after they underwent a physical exercise programme their work performance improved. A Multicomponents intervention study showed statistically significant improvements on self-reported work-related outcomes of BC survivors. Low evidence was found for implementing a vocational rehabilitation case management programme targeting the Activities component, which showed positive effects in reducing the sick leave days of BC survivors, but the effects were statistically insignificant. No evidence was found for programmes focussed on restoring the Participation component. CONCLUSION The evidence included in this systematic review were insufficient to recommend occupational therapy interventions that are effective (showing statistically significant improvements) for work-related transitions of BC cancer survivors.
Antibiotic Impregnated Beads in Open Fractures, A Report on the Technique and Possible Applications in Military Surgery

SUMMARY: The use of antibiotic impregnated beads has been shown to be a valuable adjunct in the prevention of infection in open fractures. The bead pouch technique employs these beads within the wound. producing high local levels of antibiotic in a moist environment. This effectively inhihits bacterial colonisation and wound infection whilst preventing desiccation of structures such as bone and tendons. This technique can be used to manage wounds until soft tissue cover is obtained. whether by delayed primary suture or by plastic surgical means. The potential use in acute military surgery includes the management of wounds associated with fractures. damage to tendons or neuro-vascular injury. In such cases delay in soft tissue cover may be clinically necessary or dictated by casualty evacuation to rearward surgical facilities . The bead pouch technique offers a means of managing the wound between initial wound sur~ery and sort tissue cover.
Comparative Karyomorphological Analysis of In vivo and In vitro Grown Plants of Plumbago zeylanica: An Important Medicinal Plant

The present report describes the comparative cytological analysis of in vivo and in vitro grown plant species of Plumbago zeylanica. Somatic chromosome number of in vivo and micro-propagated plants was confirmed to be 2n=28. Individual chromosome length of mother plant and micro-propagated plant was ranged from 2.26 to 5.54 µm and 2.26 to 5.46 µm, respectively. The total length of the haploid complement of in vivo and in vitro grown plants was 49.35 and 52.98 µm. The total form percent (TF%) of mother and in vitro grown plants was 45.11% and 45.58%, respectively and according to Stebbins classification (1971) both plants karyotype was fell into 2B symmetric type. The centromeric formula was for in vivo and in vitro grown plants were 3sm + 11m.
Comparing the Observable Response Times of ACC and CACC Systems

This paper analyzes trajectory observations from vehicles driving in platoon formation and they are equipped with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems; aiming to quantify response delays. When a preceding vehicle induces a perturbation, the delay until the reaction of the following vehicle, often quoted as observable response time, can have negative implication to the traffic flow and other factors such as energy consumption, stability and safety. Quantifying such delays can help towards more realistic traffic simulation modeling. The analysis is performed based on empirical observations from three well-known experimental campaigns in the literature with data from ACC-driven and CACC-driven vehicle platoons. Three state-of-the-art techniques were implemented to provide quantitative results for the observed response times. The benefits and downsides of each technique are discussed as well. The results show that ACC systems do not exhibit a significant improvement compared to human drivers, yet, it can be concluded that the additional vehicle-to-vehicle communication incorporated in the CACC systems allows for a substantially higher traffic flow and possibly other benefits.