Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Drives Consumers in Poland and the Czech Republic When Choosing Engine Oil Brand?

Objective: The objective of the research was to study consumer decision-making and purchasing preferences when buying engine oils to reveal the presence of consumer preference heterogeneity. Research Design & Methods: Survey data were collected from Polish and Czech consumers by using a self-administered questionnaire. The main data analysis tools used in the study were the finite mixture models and semantic differential. Findings: Consumers do not constitute a single homogenous group. They cluster into four segments with differing importance profiles. The study found that the largest consumer segment, over one-third of consumers, consider the quality classification, viscosity classification, and OEM specification as the most important criteria during the decision-making process. Implications & Recommendations: As the largest extracted consumer segment includes drivers who are mainly guided by technical specification in the purchasing process, we recommend producers to put additional efforts to provide clearly visible technical specifications on the product label. Contribution & Value Added: The study fills an important gap regarding the lack of empirical research in the context of buying engine oils. The undertaken research indicates that the attention of future consumer research into brand attachment should be shifted from brand loyalty studies towards the study of brand familiarity. The paper presents very valuable model-based consumer segmentation. Article type: research article
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosin in Peripheral Leukocyte Associated With HBsAg in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB), with accumulation of Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) in hepatocytes, linked to the immune-mediated hepatic inﬂammation and induction of oxidative stress. 8-Hydroxyl-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a useful biomarker for measuring the adverse eﬀects of exogenous infectious agents in oxidative damage to DNA. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the possible oxidative adverse eﬀects of HBsAg and systemic DNA damage in patients with CHB, and supporting the host-viral interaction in immune-mediated inﬂammatory. Methods: Thirty patients with CHB who had undergone liver biopsies for therapeutic purposes and 30 matched controls from a healthypopulationwererandomlyselectedinthepresentstudyforassessmentof 8-OHdGlevelsinperipheralbloodleukocytesDNA by32P-postlabelinganalysis. Expressionof HBsAginhepatocyteswasevaluatedimmunohistochemicallyinliverbiopsiesof patients withCHB. Theeﬀectof 8-OHdGand95% conﬁdenceinterval(CI),adjustedbyrelevantconfounders,wereassessedonhepatitisBvirus (HBV) infection. Results: Experimental investigation showed increased levels of DNA adduct 8-OHdG compared with healthy individuals (mean ± standarddeviation,1456 ± 1275vs. 402 ± 271;P< 0.001). Thelogisticregressionwithcontinuousanddichotomousmodelsrevealed the strong impact of 8-OHdG on CHB infection (OR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.44, P = 0.043) and (OR = 7.18; 95%CI: 1.32 - 39.02, P = 0.022). HBV DNA and hepatic expression of HBsAg had a borderline association with DNA adduct 8-OHdG (r = 0.35, P = 0.054 and r = 0.36, P = 0.05). Conclusions: The current study showed that the adduct of 8-OHdG in peripheral blood cells DNA increased in patients with CHB compared with healthy carriers and the pathophysiologic role of HBsAg in oxidative stress in patients with CHB. Nonetheless, the lack of eﬃcient DNA repair enzymes activity as well as a proper diet with antioxidant agents in CHB need to be clariﬁed in future studies.
Fast vs. detailed ultrasound scan for decision making in colic

Establishing whether a horse with acute abdominal pain has a condition that requires surgical treatment can be a significant challenge for equine veterinary surgeons. Ultrasonographic examination of the equine abdomen is noninvasive and has become a common part of the diagnostic investigation of acute abdominal pain. A protocol for fast localised abdominal scan of horses (FLASH) has recently been described, aiming to provide rapid assessment using specified imaging windows (Busoni et al. 2011).
Communicating through musical play: combining speech and language therapy practices with those of early childhood music education – the SALTMusic approach

ABSTRACT Young children’s speech and communication skills have been in the spotlight in recent years, often in association with parental socio-economic status and children’s ‘readiness’ for school. Finding innovative and open-ended ways to encourage children with communication difficulties to engage in interactive play was the premise for this action research project. By combining the theoretical knowledge and expertise of speech and language therapists with those of early childhood music-arts practitioners, the interdisciplinary research team expanded their understanding and practical approaches. Caregivers and children aged 24–48 months attended weekly SALTMusic1 sessions. The team reflected together on their observations after every session, completing the ‘SALTMusic Scale’ for each child. Drawing together analyses from this tool, and other data collection methods, it was evident that children’s communication improved when the need to talk was removed and children and caregivers were encouraged to play with sound and make music together. This is an important study offering an evidence-informed approach to working with children and their caregivers that can relieve anxiety and build confidence. The quality of practice in the field is impacted by an increasingly reflective workforce who place theory and research as integral elements of their practice.
Investigation of Proportionate Prevalence of Newcastle Disease in Chicken, Pigeon and Duck at Selected Veterinary Hospitals in Bangladesh and India

A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Newcastle Disease (ND) in pigeon, chicken and duck at selected Veterinary Hospital, in Bangladesh and India during December 2015 to May 2016. A total of 245 ND cases were identified by anamnesis, manifesting signs and clinical and physical examination and occasionally postmortem examination. The aim of the study was to estimate proportionate prevalence of ND in pigeon chicken, duck and investigate the distribution of ND according to different factors. Information about species, age sex, and season’s time required showing clinical signs, knowledge about ND vaccine were composed by extensive cross-questioning through pre-structured questionnaire over the owners. The proportionate prevalence was found higher in pigeon (58.9%) irrespective of study placements. The prevalence of ND was highest in summer season (50.6%) and lowest in rainy season (10.2%). Younger birds 20 to 65% are more susceptible to ND irrespective of age. The proportionate prevalence in male and female was 14.2 to 53.8% and 16.7 to 60.9%, respectively. Among the body system digestive system was more affected (42.04%) than the nervous system (20%).
Insights into a new paradigm in translation

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the reflection and recreation of the physical landscape in literary texts and in their translations; to explore in what ways nature is represented and, secondly, to discuss aspects of this process in the light of the translational norms proposed by Toury. The focus is the idea that language and culture, the core of literature, are to be transferred to other linguistic and cultural mediums during translation, and constitute the ecological environment of the text. This undertaking assigns to the translator the task of selecting, adapting and recreating this material in the foreign environment. An ecocritical approach will be adopted to explore how and how far this task is materialized by studying a Turkish author Yasar Kemal’s novel Ortadirek translated as The Wind from the Plain. Yasar Kemal is regarded as the most ecologically-minded author of Turkish literature and his novels portray nature as the mental landscapes of man, a force under which the constituents of the text are recreated at every linguistic and culture-bound effort of the author. Hence, the main endeavour of this study will be to bring to the surface, with an eco-critical approach, the translational preferences of the translator of Ortadirek and their significance in the recreation of Kemal’s ecological vision in the translation.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among a Sample of under - Five Rural Children in Lower Egypt

Egypt has been described as suffering a double burden malnutrition among young children: stunting as well as overweight/obesity. Objective: to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among a sample of rural children under 5 years of age. Subjects &methods: A systematic random sample of 3871 children 0-59 months were selected from 21 rural family health units in 2 districts in Lower Egypt. The selected children were assessed for weight and height/length. The mothers' of selected children were interviewed using a structured questionnaire about feeding of children as well as family characteristics. Body mass index for age was calculated for every child and assessed on the reference curve for growth chart of WHO. Z scores were used to determine overweight and obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 11.8% and the prevalence of obesity was 3.7% among the children studied. The main risk factor for combined overweight and obesity below 24 months was milk formula as predominant feeding while the main risk factor for overweight/obesity from 2-5 years was male gender. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children less than 5 years of age, which mandates future follow up studies on wider areas all over Egypt.
Identifying Preferred Activities to Increase Engagement in Residents with Dementia

Elders with dementia spend the majority of their day inactive, often with little more than general music or movies playing in the background. The purpose of the current study was to increase engagement in elderly residents within a dementia care facility. Nine residents with severe dementia and five caregivers participated. Intervention 1 required caregivers to complete activity records and receive supervisory feedback during afternoon observation sessions. No increase in appropriate engagement was observed, contrary to previous research. Single stimulus engagement preference assessments were used to identify preferred activities that residents could engage with independently. During Intervention 2, caregivers were provided with information on resident preferences, and these activities were made easily accessible to caregivers. An increase in appropriate engagement was observed for some of the residents. Intervention 2 was also implemented in the morning by a caregiver who led group activities at the same time. Findings were inconclusive from the morning sessions due to participant attrition. Improvements made during follow up and suggestions for future improvements are discussed. Intervention 2 allows any member of staff to efficiently engage residents, even during times that they are required to complete other tasks. ENGAGEMENT IN DEMENTIA iii Acknowledgements I would like to express my utmost appreciation to my supervisor Dr Oliver Mudford. Your guidance with this thesis was priceless and your optimistic view of the field of Applied Behaviour Analysis is inspiring. For your ongoing support, I thank you. I also offer my warmest thanks to the residents, staff, and significant others of the dementia facility where this research was carried out. You have been extremely welcoming to me and this research. I have thoroughly enjoyed getting to know each of you personally and I will not forget my time there. I would like to thank my postgraduate classmates who were integral to this research. For secondary observing as well as your friendship, I thank you. I would like to especially thank Juliana Savory, Marianna Gromova, Kate Southcombe, and Carolyn Eischler. I greatly thank you all. Katrina Phillips also deserves a special mention. Thank you for your technical advice and support. Finally, I thank my friends and family. To my partner Rebekah Carr, I could have done it without you, but your humour and support throughout was priceless. To my family, thank you for the phone calls of love, support, and the constant interest in my progress. ENGAGEMENT IN DEMENTIA iv Table of
Adverse drug reactions in hospital inpatients

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant public health problem. This thesis examined the incidence and nature of adverse drug reactions following admission to hospital. An initial pilot study was conducted to develop methodology, which was then utilised in a study of 3695 patients. Approximately 15% of patients experienced an ADR following admission, of which one-third were serious Commonly used drugs such as opioids, diuretics and anticoagulants were the most frequent causes of ADRs. Bleeding, renal impairment and Clostridium difficile were the ADRs with the greatest impact on patient length of stay and thus should be key areas for intervention strategies. Adoption of methods used in the assessment of hospital patient safety incidents such as root-cause analysis may help in identifying underlying factors leading to ADRs as well highlighting the importance of ADRs to senior hospital managers.
Awareness of sexually transmitted infections and cervical cancer among women in urban slums of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Due to this disease 80 percent die at an advance stage. This may be due to lack of awareness and knowledge, lack of access to proper treatment including screening facility. This study is undertaken with an objective to investigate knowledge attitude, practice and health seeking behaviour about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and cervical cancer among eligible women in a slum community in Mumbai. Methods: Baseline data of women was drawn from an intervention study entitled “Enhancing knowledge and promoting health seeking behaviour of couples on sexually transmitted infections and cervical cancer in urban slums of Mumbai” for this article. This data was collected from a random sample of 1958 women in reproductive age group through a semi-structured interview schedule from two urban slums of Mumbai. Information was collected on socio-economic and demographic characters, awareness and symptoms of STIs and cervical cancer, and health seeking behaviour. Results: The study revealed that majority of women had heard about the STIs, 37.7 percent were aware of cervical cancer whereas only 3.6 percent of women were aware of Pap smear test. About 11 percent of women experienced at least one symptom of STI, 0.3 percent of women reported of having sexual partner other than spouse. Most women were not aware of STIs symptoms specific to men. Conclusions: Study concludes that the need to disseminate knowledge regarding STI symptoms, cervical cancer and Pap smear test for early detection of cervical cancer as well as promoting better health seeking behaviour with respect to cervical cancer and STIs. Considering of sensitivity of the topic it is necessary to design separate programmes for women.
A New Splint Design for the Thumb CMC Joint

THUMB CMC JOINT & OSTEOARTHRITIS The thumb trapeziometacarpal joint, also called the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) or basal joint, is the most common site of upper extremity surgery due to disabling osteoarthritis.1-4 The articulation of the first metacarpal bone with one surface of the trapezium is the locus of this common pathology. The incongruous contours of these two shallow saddle-shaped joint surfaces provide no intrinsic osseous stability, requiring the ligaments and muscles to assume responsibility for stability to prevent trans lation during loading.1 Additionally, the base of the first meta carpal is approximately 34% larger than that of the trapezium which concentrates pressure on the trapezial surface.5-9 To allow the normally large range of motion of the thumb CMC joint, a loose but strong joint capsule is required. The inherent joint mobility diminishes the joint stability.10,11 Of the seven ligaments that maintain the relationship between the base of the first metacarpal and the trapezium, the deep anterior oblique ligament (also commonly called the beak ligament) is considered the most important stabilizing ligament. It is primarily responsible for preventing dorsal translation of the metacarpal on the trapezium. With ostearthritis, the beak ligament becomes insufficient and the meta carpal base moves dorsally in relationship to the trapezium. Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, is a noninflammatory type of arthritis marked by degeneration of the articular cartilage, overgrowth of bone at the margins, and changes in the synovial membrane. Usually not as severe as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis is considered part of the normal aging A New Splint Design for the Thumb CMC Joint
Is There a Role for Device Therapies in Resistant Hypertension?: The CON Side.

In this piece, I will argue that device-based therapies for resistant hypertension (RH), although interesting and meritorious of further study, do not yet deserve a prominent role in the management of patients with RH. This argument is on the basis of the limited availability of controlled studies using devices, the cost and uncertain long-term effectiveness of device modalities, and the successful track record of medical therapy. First, let me define the demand for advanced therapies in RH. RH is defined as the BP of a hypertensive patient that remains above goal despite the concurrent use of three antihypertensive agents of different classes, preferably including a blocker of the renin-angiotensin system, a calcium channel blocker, and a thiazide-type diuretic (1). The prevalence of RH in the general hypertensive population is 12%–18%, on the basis of office BP measurements >140/90 mm Hg (1), an estimate that is expected to increase by approximately 2% when the 130/80 mm Hg threshold is applied to high-risk patients (2). Approximately one third of these patients have normal 24-hour BP (1), and a sizable portion is nonadherent to prescribed medications; therefore, approximately 5%–10% of hypertensive patients would ultimately qualify as having true RH. The current approach to the treatment of RH calls for adequate dosing of complementary medications, preferential use of long-acting thiazide diuretics ( e.g ., chlorthalidone), and the addition of a mineralocorticoid antagonist ( e.g ., spironolactone) (1). When such a strategy is used, BP goal is achieved in up to 90% of patients (3). Hence, about 0.5%–1% of hypertensive patients (approximately 750,000–1.5 million adults in the United States) would benefit from alternative approaches to treatment, such as referral to hypertension specialists for more advanced drug combinations or the use of device therapies. I acknowledge the importance of treatment nonadherence and medication intolerance in RH. Nonadherence is …
Interrelationships between Height and Selected Linear Body Dimensions andEstimation of Sex in Nepali-Speaking Adults from Naxalbari, Darjeeling

Background: Several reports are available on human body dimensions (BD), their interrelationships with height, sex difference and sex estimation from different populations. Objectives: To understand interrelationships between linear BD and height in adults and estimation of sex. Methods: A sample of 20-39 years old Nepali-speaking 268 adults (158 men, 110 women) was selected from Naxalbari in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. Anthropometric measurements included height, sitting height (SH), upper arm length (UAL), forearm length (FAL), combined length of forearm and hand (CLFH), total arm lengths (TAL) (left side), hands and feet (bilateral length and breadth). Sub-ischial leg length (SLL) and indices (hands and feet), relative proportion, multiplication factors (MF) of linear BD for height were calculated. Sectioning point (SP) values [(mean value in men + mean value in women)/2] were calculated for anthropometric variables to estimate sex. Results: The SH and SLL each shared almost 50% of height. Relative proportions of BD to height were: TAL (men 45.39%, women 46.36%), CLFH (men 25.88%, women 26.58%), UAL (men 19.48%, women 19.82%) and FAL (men 14.83%, women 15.47%). Foot length (FL) and hand length (HL) was approximately 15% and 11% of height in men and women respectively. Foot breadth (FB) and hand breadth (HB) were approximately 6% and 5% of height respectively. The approximate values of MF of BD for height were calculated for TAL (2), CLFH (4), UAL (5), FAL and foot length (7), HL (9), FB (17), and HB (20). Based on SP value, sex estimation was done accurately (%) for SH (82.10%), FL (bilateral 81.72%), HL and FB (left 79.10%), FB (right 77.99%), HB (right 77.61%), TAL, HL (right) and HB (left) (75.37%), SLL (74.25%), CLFH (70.15%), UAL (66.67%) and FAL (62.70%). Conclusion: The MF and SP values were effective in understanding relative proportions of BD to height and sex estimation respectively.
Utilizing Incentives and Accountability: In Control in Control?

Objectivity and transparency are often considered to be desirable attributes of a performance measurement and incentive system. Subjectivity, on the other hand, is typically equated with bias and has a negative connotation. But accounting research shows us that a degree of subjectivity, in other words, allowing leeway for supervisors’ judgments in evaluations, is usually optimal. I argue that we should switch to the term ‘discretion’, to be better able to communicate its benefits. Moreover, I discuss the benefits and costs of discretion and of transparency. I surmise that a balance between objectivity and discretion is required, and that transparency is definitely not always desirable. Furthermore, I discuss how discretion relates to the way in which managers are held accountable. Holding managers accountable for outcomes is not always optimal, yet pervasive. Finally, I outline future research opportunities on discretion and accountability, apply the insights about performance measurement to the academic working environment, and promote the use of new research methods.