Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE AND BUPIVACAINE WITH MIDAZOLAM IN LOWER ABDOMINAL AND LOWER LIMB SURGERIES- A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED DOUBLE BLINDED STUDY

Background & Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the differences in the onset, duration of action and complications of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (group I) and intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% with midazolam 2.5 mg (group II) in lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries Materials and Methods: Hundred patients belonging to ASA grade – I and Grade-II (each group, n=50) were randomly selected for the study. The patient and anesthesiologist administering the drug were blinded for the study.The time of onset of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic status, time for two dermatomal segments regression of sensory level , time of first request of analgesics, visual analogue score and adverse effects were compared. Results: The time of onset of sensory and motor block was significantly longer in group-II than group-I (P<0.001) Hemodynamic changes did not differ in patient of either group (P>0.05). The time for two dermatomal segments regression of sensory level (group -I 81.50±5.41 minutes and group –II 118.00± 4.80 minutes) were statistically longer in group II (P<0.001). The time of first request of analgesics by the patient in group-I was 208.00±7.55 minutes and in group II was 367.90±8.89 minutes which was statistically significant (P<0.001). The VAS scores were significantly less in group-II at 3 hours (p<0.001), 6 hours (P<0.001) and 12 hours (P<0.001) compared to group-I. The side effects were minimal in both the groups. Conclusion: Intrathecal administration of 2.5 mg of midazolam in combination with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% produces better quality of analgesia, longer duration of analgesia, with mild sedation and minimal side effects thus reducing post operative analgesic requirement. Author Affiliations: 1-3 Department of Anesthesiology, S N Medical College, Navanagar, Bagalkot, Karnataka.
CYTOLOGICAL PATTERN AND DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTSOF CERVICAL CYTOLOGY (PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR) IN A TERTIARY CENTRE OF CENTRAL INDIA

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer affecting women worldwide. It is the most common cancer in women in several less developed countries, and now the second most common cancer in India. Almost 70% of the global burden of cervical cancer is in areas with lower levels of development, and more than one fifth of all new cases are diagnosed in India. Cervical cytology test (Papanicolaou smear) has traditionally been the primary screening method for cervical cancer. Aims: This study was aimed at evaluating prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities and their demographic determinants in women who underwent cervical cytological screening at dept. of OBGY AIIMS BHOPAL. Settings and Design: A hospital based cross sectional study was designed to evaluate all cervical smears done at dept. of OBGY AIIMS BHOPAL from Jan 2014 to Dec 2014. Materials and Methods: We analysed the reports of all patients who had undergone cervical cytology test during this period as per the Bethesda nomenclature. Results and conclusions: A total of 1887 Pap smears were taken. 25 cases (1.31% with CI= 0.95-1.95) reported to have epithelial cell abnormality. The most frequent abnormality was ASCUS (0.48%). The prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma was 0.05%.
Length-Weight Relationships for Ten Fish Species Collected by Trawl Surveys from Black Sea Coast, Turkey

− Length-weight relationships were estimated for ten pelagic and demersal fish species caught with pelagic trawl: Pomatomus saltatrix, Engraulis encrasicolus, Trachurus mediterraneus, Alosa immaculata, Sprattus sprattus and demersal trawl: Merlangius merlangus euxinus, Mullus barbatus ponticus, Psetta maxima, Gobius niger, Raja clavata from the Black Sea coast. The samples sizes, minimum and maximum lengths and weights, length-weights relationships, ±95% CI of b, r, growth type, and statistical analysis of the relationship were determined. Keywords− Black Sea, Demersal fish, Length-Weight Relationships, Pelagic fish
Economic Analysis of the Input Use Efficiency among Cocoa Farmers in Taraba State, Nigeria

The study examined the economic analysis of input use efficiency among cocoa farmers in Taraba State, Nigeria. Data used for the study were collected from 115 randomly selected cocoa farmers in Taraba State of Nigeria. The study reveals that majorities (86.9%) of the respondents are male and 56.7% are of age fifty years and below. Majority (91.3%) of the respondents had formal education while 65.2% had more than 10 years of farming experience. The study further reveals that the farmers are operating profitably considering their per capita gross margin and net farm income of N6, 980 and N144, 450 respectively. Critical factors affecting cocoa output are found to be cost of pesticide, labour and cutlass which are all significant at 1% level. The study also reveals that the farmers are operating on an increasing return to scale given an elasticity of production of 2.64 and all the resources are underutilized. It is recommended that farmers should be given incentives such as subsidy or credit facilities to enable them procure the critical inputs particularly pesticide, labour and cutlass in cocoa production.
Screening of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Native Plants in El-Jabal El-Akhdar Province-Libya

The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of methanolic extracts derived from aerial parts of three libyan native plants including Origanum majorana L. Helichrysum stoechas and Polygonum aviculare L. were assessed. Variations were observed among the examined plants in antioxidant and antibacterial activities as well as in their Total phenol content (TPC) and Total flavonoid content (TFC). TPC and TFC ranged from 3.07 to 8.07mg gallic acid equivalents/g on a dry basis and from 0.56 to 2.04mg catechin equivalent/g on a dry basis respectively. Helichrysum stoechas contained the highest amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds followed by Polygonum aviculare L. and Origanum majorana L. respectively. Antioxidant capacity using DPPH, ABTS and reducing power were measured. Helichrysum stoechas had the highest antioxidant capacity compared to the other tested plants. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum lethal concentrations (MLC) were determined to verify the antimicrobial activities of the plants against 12 food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. All investigated plants had potent antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria. Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, was found to be the most susceptible bacteria. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed that all plants contained saponin, tannins whereas alkaloids were excluded to Helichrysum stoechas and Origanum majorana L. Consequently, these results may suggest that Helichrysum stoechas, Polygonum aviculare L. and Origanum majorana L. could be used as antibacterial and antioxidant agent suggesting their potential application as natural preservatives in foods. Faozia A. Ibrahim, Ateea Ali Bellail and Abubaker
Modified Bat Algorithm for Nonlinear Optimization

Summary Bat Algorithm is recently proposed bio-inspired metaheuristics method for solving hard optimization tasks. It mimics behavior of bats hunting for their prey. The paper introduces some modification to Bat Algorithm. Presented modification changes exploration process as well as introduce different scheme of acceptance of a newly founded solutions. Effects of introduced modifications are tested on standard benchmark functions. The influence of a number of bats used in optimization process is also taken into account.
AT3_OA_Nalini edit

Copyright: © the author(s), publisher. Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is an Official Publication of “Society for Health Care & Research Development”. It is an open-access articl e d stributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in a ny medium, provided the original work is properly c ited.
Regulation in Colorectal Cancer

In contrast to approaches that compare pair-wise control (i.e. normal) to treated (i.e. disease) samples, we compared colorectal cancer samples not only to a set of control samples but also against a wide range of samples and conditions to collect the differentially expressed genes and identify target genes. We identified specific genes for colorectal cancer and showed that they are significantly associated with colorectal cancer in the literature. Analysis of independent datasets revealed a significantly distinct expression pattern for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) in colorectal cancer samples. GR was downregulated whereas RNF43 was upregulated in colorectal cancer with respect to various conditions in different datasets. In HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line, knock-down of GR levels with siRNA resulted in increased RNF43 levels, suggesting that GR might be a negative regulator of RNF43. Our study suggests that the downregulation of GR might be involved in the upregulation of RNF43 in colorectal cancer. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2326-0793.jpgr-16-941 Corresponding Author: Christina Chan, Michigan State University, 428 South Shaw Lane, Rm 1257, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA, Phone: (517) 432 – 4530, Fax: (517) 432 – 1105, Email: krischan@egr.msu. edu
f Assessment Strategies Used in Inclusive of Inclusiveness. A Case Study of in English Speaking Cameroon

The study sought to explore teachers knowledge of the various assessment strategies used in inclusive classrooms and the actual practices of inclusiveness in Cameroon public primary schools. International and national policies and regulations suggest inclusive practices in response to international declarations and conferences calling on school systems to be inclusive. The implementation of such changes in regular classrooms rest on teachers. Among other factors which may make inclusion effective, teachers awareness of the assessment strategies used in inclusive classrooms is significant. Equally, the Cameroonian educational system is test and examination oriented wherein progress and promotion depends on scores and grades. A questionnaire and an observation guide was used to collect data for the survey. 360 public primary school teachers were randomly selected from eight Division in the two English Speaking Regions of Cameroon. 37 classes were observed in the same Divisions (mostly inclusive model schools). Findings revealed that public primary school teachers are not aware of the assessment strategies used in inclusive classrooms. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
AN APPROPRIATE PATTERN TO INCREASE ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN IRAN (CASE STUDY: PARS KHODRO COMPANY)

Current work was done aiming at determining factors influencing formation and increase of absorptive capacity of technology in Pars Khodro Co. in automotive industry. 168 ones from deputies, directors, heads and top experts of Pars Khodro Co. were selected using simple random sampling. Structural equations were used for statistical data analysis. Influencing factors were identified based on library studies as well as interview with experts, and preliminary classification of the factors was done. Preliminary classification included 7 main factors as follows: 1. Level of education, 2. hard working, 3. Research & development, 4. Human resource, 5. Technology transfer, 6. Prior knowledge related, and 7. Age and size of firm. Face validity and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using expert ideas and reliability of the questionnaire was obtained as 0.83 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. According to research findings, age and size of firm, level of education, prior knowledge related, technology transfer, human resource, hardworking, research and development are influential in automotive industry respectively.
TECHNOLOGY COMPLEX PURCHASING – A CASE STUDY OF EVALUATION MOD ELS FOR LONG-TERM NETWORK CAPITAL INVESTMENTS

This paper addresses purchasing evaluation models i n the European electrical grid sector, with a parti cular focus on complex and long-term network capital investments. The findings are based on 49 interviews with 10 org anizations (power companies, engineering firms, the regulatory body, and special interest groups). This research contributes to knowledge building in the under-researched area of evaluating value in complex long-term purchasing. T he study finds that the inherent long-term nature of the inv estments in products and systems, and the underlyin g financial situation are of the utmost importance in evaluatio ns, together with strong regulator influence. In fa ct, the regulatory body not only defines the willingness to pay for th e end-consumers through regulations with a focus of pr tecting consumers from monopolists unfair/high-prices, but also defines the opportunity costs by the predefine d a number of costs in the grids in terms of ‘standard-costs’. Al though theoretically customer value is defined as t he perception of benefits minus the sacrifices for the end-user, in this setting it is the regulatory body that defines thi value on behalf of the end-user/consumer. Thus, the regulatory body pla s a pivotal role defining the value, value cre ation and value sharing, and is therefore pivotal in the way in pur chasing evaluation models are structured.
Anthelminthic activity on the Leptadenia pyrotechnica(forsk.)Decne

Methanolic extract from the whole plant of the Leptadenia Pyrotechnica were investigated for their anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma. Two concentrations (50 and 100 mg/ml) of methanolic extract were studied in activity, which involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worm. Methanolic extract exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at highest concentration of 100 mg/ml. Albendazole in 20mg/ml concentration as that of extract was included as Standard reference and CMC (0.5% as control) The anthelmintic activity of alcohol and aqueous extracts of Leptadenia Pyrotechnica has therefore been demonstrated for the first time.
Orchidopexy for undescended testis among Saudi children: is it conducted at the optimal age?

Current evidence-based studies indicate the need to perform orchidopexy for undescended testicles early in life, between the ages of 6 and 12 months. Despite this evidence, we observed a significant delay in the actual age that such a procedure is performed in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, we retrospectively examined all of our patients who received an orchidopexy, identified their age at the procedure, and, if the procedure was performed after 12 months of age, noted the reason for the delay. We found that the mean age at orchidopexy in our cohort was approximately four and half years old, indicating the need for greater awareness of the recommended time frame for this procedure among health providers and parents of patients.
Determinants of Capital Structure – A Study of Oil Industry in India

The Study aims to analyze the to what extent accounting variables that is financial strength, long term profitability, Tangibility of assets, Business risk and solvency effect capital structure of oil companies listed on National Stock Exchange in India. For this leverage is taken as a dependent variable and all other accounting variables are taken as an independent variable. Using Panel Data Analysis on ten companies from April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2015. Annual reports for the selected companies for this specific period would be used. The result shows that accounting variable like financial strength is positively related to leverage and other variables are negatively related to the dependent variable. It has also been found that all the explanatory or accounting variables are important determinant of capital structure . Also that companies use different strategies for forming their capital structure irrespective of the fact that they belong to the same industry. Once the capital structure is formed there is no significant changes in capital structure over the years are found. Keywords--Capital structure, leverage, Financial Strength, Profitability, Tangibility, Business Risk, Solvency
Suicidal Behavior and Neurological Illnesses

Over 36,000 people in the U.S. die each year from suicide. A much larger number of people attempt suicide, but survive the experience. An estimated 25 suicide attempts occur for every fatal suicide [1]. Suicide is more frequent among men whereas non-fatal suicidal behaviors are more prevalent among women and in persons who are unmarried or have a psychiatric disorder [2]. Psychological autopsy studies have shown that more than 90% of people who commit suicide suffer from psychiatric disorders [3,4]. Demographic risk factors for suicidal ideation, developing a suicide plan, and non-fatal suicidal behaviors include being female, being younger, having less educational attainment, and being unemployed [5]. The study of suicidality and suicide prevention programs are important aspects of post-deployment health and military medicine [6]. About 20% of all known suicides in the U.S. occur among current or former military personnel [7].
The Pharmaceutical Importance of Althaea officinalis and Althaea rosea : A Review

Two species of the genus Althea (Malvaceae) were grown in Iraq, Althaea officinalis and Althaea rosea. Althaea officinalis contained pectins 11% , starch 25-35% , mono-, and di-saccharide, saccharose 10% , mucilage 5%, flavonoids (Hypolaetin-8-glucoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, caffeic, pcoumaric acid), coumarins, scopoletin, phytosterols, tannins, asparagine and many amino acids. The previous studies showed that Althaea officinalis possessed antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, demulcent, soothing, antittusive and many other pharmacological effects. Althaea rosea contained high molecular weight acidic polysaccharides (1.3 to 1.6 million Dalton) known as mucilages which found in flowers and leaves. These mucilages were composed of glucoronic acid, galacturonic acid, rhamnose and galactose. It also contained proteins, alkaloids flavonoids and minerals. It possessed many pharmacological effects including antimicrobial, cardiovascular, prevention of urolithiasis, antiestrogenic, cytotoxic and immunomodulating effects. The aim of this review is to highlight the chemical constituents and the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Althaea species grown in Iraq.
Comparison of Five Methods for Lipid Extraction from the Phaeodactylum tricornutum Microalga and Determination of Fucoxanthin and Fatty Acids Profiles

Microalgae produce a large amount of bioactive compounds that can be used by society as natural supplements. These bioproducts have been gaining ground in the market due to their broad panel of bioactivities. Marine bioactive compounds in a broad-sense, can be polysaccharides, pigments, proteins, vitamins, and lipids with several activities, among them, antitumor, antioxidants, antibiotics and photoprotectors [1-3]. These bioproducts have been marketed as encapsulated fatty acids, amino acids, and pigments for human consumption and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Despite the increasing market of microalgae bioproducts, the raw material for the extraction of bioactive molecules of aquatic organisms has in fish stock biomass its main source yet [4].
LITHOTRIPSY: A DAY CARE PROCEDURE TO GET RID OF RENAL AND URETERIC STONES

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the safety and efficiency of the patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy – a surgical procedure. Study Design: The design of the study was interventional.Place & Duration: The study was carried out in Nishtar Hospital Multan in the duration of one year from Dec 2016 to Dec 2017. Methodology: The patients under discussion were from both genders. The subjects’ routine medical exam, laboratory tests, blood pictures, ultra-sounds and x-rays were collected and patients with ureters stone of 1.5cm or less were segregated for the study. The Semi-rigid Ureteroscopic (6.0) with Swiss Lithoclast lithotripter was used.Results: A sample of 320 patients was selected according to inclusion criteria. Female to male ratio was 1:1.6 and average age value for the sample was calculated as 30.5 year. The stone diameters were averagely 1.2 cm. In 95% cases (n=304), the procedures yielded outstanding results. The stones were broken and crushed successfully. In remaining 16 cases (5%), the procedure was postponed. Among them, 3% cases were due to the reason that ureteroscope could not locate the exact position of the stones whereas in 2% cases JJ stent were used where the stones floated up I the kidney (p< 0.05). The operative and post-operative complications such as simple mucosal injury, minor bleeding urinary tract infection persisting haematuria were noted in the subjects. The surgery time was less than one hour in all cases and ranged from 22 to 55 minutes. Except the patients with post-operative complications, rests were discharged from the hospitals within 24 hours of operation. Post operation visits till 3 rd week demonstrated the stone residual pieces only in 6 patients. Conclusion: In spite of the fact that our study has yielded encouraging results for ureteroscope lithotripsy with merely a day at hospital but is subordinate on numerous possibly changeable and process-related components.
Pharmacogenetics of β1-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers in Heart Failure Therapy: A Systematic Review

Background: β1-adrenergic receptor blockers are an important drugs recommended as first-line treatment of Heart Failure (HF) as they improve survival in left ventricular systolic dysfunction due to chronic β1-Adrenergic Receptor (β1-AR) activation. However, responses to these drugs are variable among patients due to genetic polymorphism in β1-AR gene. We conducted a systematic review to summarize all published case-control and prospective studies on pharmacogenetics of β1-adrenergic receptor blockers (β1-ARBs) used for the management of HF. Methods and findings: We performed a systematic search of the literature using Medline (source PubMed, January 1, 1980 to November 30, 2011) with restrictions for English language and polymerase chain reaction assay method of genotyping the receptor polymorphism. Both experimental and observational studies investigating the pharmacogenetics effect of β1-adrenergic receptor blockers in heart failure were included. The main outcome measure was improvement of HF symptoms which is reflected in a decrease in mortality, hospitalisation and the rate of major clinical events. Of the 30 included studies, 17 articles reporting on effect of genetic polymorphisms of β1-AR on heart failure, 11 articles reporting on pharmacogenetics of β1-ARBs in HF, and 2 articles reporting on both β1-AR gene polymorphisms and pharmacogenetics of β1-ARBs, were included into the results. Conclusions: The findings of the current study have shown that β1-AR polymorphisms have an effect on survival and improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction in HF patients who were Arg389 homozygotes carriers treated with metoprolol and bucindolol. Therefore, the Arg389 of β1-AR variation alters the β1-ARBs therapeutic response, and might be used to individualize treatment of HF.