Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Surface Sensible Heat Fluxes to Tropical Cyclone. Part II: The Sea Spray Processes

AbstractIn Part II of this study, the roles of surface sensible heat fluxes (SHX) in tropical cyclones (TCs) are further investigated in the context of sea spray processes. Results show that the sea spray evaporation is favorable for the TC intensification through enhancing the surface latent heat fluxes (LHX). Unlike the results in Part I, the removal of SHX has led to a somewhat weaker TC by inclusion of sea spray. This is because the spray-mediated latent heat fluxes are simultaneously diminished after cutting down the SHX. Without the warming of SHX from the ocean, the surface air becomes cooler and thereby closer to saturation, which substantially hinders the evaporation of sea spray droplets. Therefore, the SHX are instrumental for sustaining the release of latent heat fluxes by sea spray evaporation. In the experiments of Part I and this study, the reduced total surface enthalpy fluxes as a result of the removal of SHX do not necessarily result in weakened TCs, while the larger LHX basically corresp.
Radio Expansion Studies of Two Historical Supernova Remnants: SN 1006 and SN 1572

We present results that trace the dynamics of two historical remnants, SN 1006 and SN 1572 (Tycho), for the past two decades. 21-cm radio images of each remnant were recorded during two previous epochs: 1983-1984 and 1991-1994. We obtained third-epoch images of both remnants from 2001 to 2003. After a direct comparison of images from these three epochs, we found the mean radio expansion rate of Tycho now agrees with a previous X-ray expansion study, and for the first time, we have measured the azimuthal expansion rate over the entire rim of SN 1006.
H0538+608: a long-period AM Her system exhibiting extreme variations in accretion geometry

New, high-quality, phase-resolved spectroscopy of the erratic magnetic binary H0538+608 is presented, and individual emission-line regions in the binary system are located. A rotational period for the magnetic white dwarf primary of 3.331 + or - 0.015 hr is derived. The strong Balmer lines of the optical spectrum are each resolved into four components, including the normal broad and narrow components as well as high-velocity and an asymmetric component. Combined analysis of the polarimetry and spectroscopy suggests a model in which two accretion spots contribute oppositely polarized cyclotron emission in various proportions and at various times. Short-term changes in the mass transfer rate may cause changes in the threading location and thereby affect the geometry of accretion onto these two poles. 25 refs.
A compact local one‐dimensional scheme for solving a 3D N‐carrier system with Neumann boundary conditions

We consider a mathematical model for thermal analysis in a 3D N‐carrier system with Neumann boundary conditions, which extends the concept of the well‐known parabolic two‐step model for micro heat transfer. To solve numerically the complex system, we first reduce 3D equations in the model to a succession of 1D equations by using the local one‐dimensional (LOD) method. The obtained 1D equations are then solved using a fourth‐order compact finite difference scheme for the interior points and a second‐order combined compact finite difference scheme for the points next to the boundary, so that the Neumann boundary condition can be applied directly without discretizing. By using matrix analysis, the compact LOD scheme is shown to be unconditionally stable. The accuracy of the solution is tested using two numerical examples. Results show that the solutions obtained by the compact LOD finite difference scheme are more accurate than those obtained by a Crank‐Nicholson LOD scheme, and the convergence rate with respect to spatial variables is about 2.6. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Transient and steady-state solutions of 2D viscoelastic nonisothermal simulation model of film casting process via finite element method

The various aspects of the nonlinear dynamics and stability of nonisothermal film casting process have been investigated solving a two-dimensional (2D) viscoelastic simulation model equipped with the Phan-Thien-Tanner (PTT) constitutive equation by employing a finite element method. This study represents an extension of the earlier report [Kim, Lee, Shin, Jung, and Hyun, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 132, 53–60 (2005)] in that two important points are additionally addressed here on the subject: the nonisothermal nature of the film casting, and the differentiation of extension-thickening (strain hardening) and extension-thinning (strain softening) fluids in their different behavior in the film casting process. The PTT model, known for its robustness in portraying dynamics in the extensional deformation processes which include the film casting of this study along with film blowing and fiber spinning as well, renders the transient and steady state solutions of the dynamics in the 2D, viscoelastic, nonisothermal, film casting capable of explaining the effects of various process and material parameters of the system on the film dynamics of the process. Especially, the different behavior displayed by two polymer groups, i.e., the extension-thickening low density polyethylene (LDPE) type and the extension-thinning high density polyethylene (HDPE) type, in the film casting can be readily explained by the PTT equation-included simulation model. The three nonlinear phenomena commonly observed in film casting, i.e., draw resonance oscillation, edge bead, and neck-in, have been successfully delineated in this study using the simulation and experimental results.The various aspects of the nonlinear dynamics and stability of nonisothermal film casting process have been investigated solving a two-dimensional (2D) viscoelastic simulation model equipped with the Phan-Thien-Tanner (PTT) constitutive equation by employing a finite element method. This study represents an extension of the earlier report [Kim, Lee, Shin, Jung, and Hyun, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 132, 53–60 (2005)] in that two important points are additionally addressed here on the subject: the nonisothermal nature of the film casting, and the differentiation of extension-thickening (strain hardening) and extension-thinning (strain softening) fluids in their different behavior in the film casting process. The PTT model, known for its robustness in portraying dynamics in the extensional deformation processes which include the film casting of this study along with film blowing and fiber spinning as well, renders the transient and steady state solutions of the dynamics in the 2D, viscoelastic, nonisotherm.
Variant 1: Malignant or aggressive primary musculoskeletal tumor. Initial staging. Evaluation for pulmonary metastasis.

The ACR Committee on Appropriateness Criteria and its expert panels have developed criteria for determining appropriate imaging examinations for diagnosis and treatment of specified medical condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, radiation oncologists and referring physicians in making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient’s clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Only those examinations generally used for evaluation of the patient’s condition are ranked. Other imaging studies necessary to evaluate other co-existent diseases or other medical consequences of this condition are not considered in this document. The availability of equipment or personnel may influence the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Imaging techniques classified as investigational by the FDA have not been considered in developing these criteria; however, study of new equipment and applications should be encouraged. The ultimate decision regarding the appropriateness of any specific radiologic examination or treatment must be made by the referring physician and radiologist in light of all the circumstances presented in an individual examination.
A diffusion process in a Brownian environment with drift

Introduction. Let $W$ be the space of continuous functions $W$ defined in $R$ and vanishing at the origin. Let $P$ be the Wiener measure on $W$ namely, the probability measure on $W$ such that $\{W(t), t\geqq 0, P\}$ and $\{W(-t), t\geqq 0, P\}$ are independent one-dimensional Brownian motions. Let $\Omega=C[0, \infty)$ and denote by $\omega(i)$ the value of a function $\omega(\in\Omega)$ at time $t$ . Given a sample function $W(\in W)$ and a nonnegative constant $\kappa$ we consider a probability measure $P_{W}^{x}$ on $\Omega$ such that { $\omega(t)$ , tlllO, $P_{W}^{x}$ } is a diffusion process with generator
The stability of massive stars and its dependence on metallicity and opacity

Following a similar investigation based on the of LAOL opacities, the stability of massive stars is re-examined using the latest available OPAL opacity tables. Two groups of dynamical strange-mode and mode-coupling instabilities are identified, one associated with He ionization and the other with the enhancement of opacity due to heavy elements. In the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, the stability boundary of the first group closely resembles the observed Humphreys-Davidson limit, while the second group provides a strongly metallicity-dependent instability domain that covers the range of observed luminous blue variables for solar chemical composition. Relations to instabilities on the upper main sequence and in the β Cepheid regime are discussed, and the significance of these strong instabilities for stellar and galactic evolution is stressed
The Physiological Responses of Wheat and Maize Seedlings Grown under Water Deficit Are Modulated by Pre-Application of Auxin-Type Plant Growth Regulators

The physiological responses of wheat and maize seedlings to exogenous auxin-type compounds 1-[2-chloroethoxycarbonyl-methyl]-4-naphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salt (TA-12) and 1-[2-dimethylaminoethoxicarbonylmethyl]naphthalene chlormethylate (TA-14) application prior to polyethyleneglycol-6000 (PEG) treatment were studied. PEG treatment inhibited seedlings growth and caused alterations in their antioxidant defence which was crop-specific. PEG increased the non-enzymatic antioxidants along with inhibition of enzymatic antioxidant activity in wheat, while in maize the opposite effects were found. The TA-12 and TA-14 applied alone increased most of the growth parameters measured in both crops, as well as the catalase activity and protein content of wheat. The growth of PEG-treated wheat and maize plants was improved by foliar spray with TA-compounds (TAs). Application of TAs before PEG treatment maintained low-molecular weight thiol-containing compounds and protein contents, and catalase and peroxidase activities close to the control levels. This was better expressed in maize than in wheat seedlings. The results showed that the preliminary application of TA-12 and TA-14 can reduce the adverse effects of moderate water deficit by crop-specific adjustment of the antioxidant defence to counteract stress.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON DEA BANKS' APPLICATION IN THE WESTERN BALKANS

This study aims to identify and present the relevant studies employing DEA applications in bank efficiency evaluation in six Western Balkan (WB) countries as follows: North Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). This article implements an extensive systematic literature review of studies that employ the DEA methodology in the efficiency evaluation of Western Balkan countries’ banking systems. The conducted literature review has surveyed the Scopus, Web of Science (SSCI and SCI papers) and Google Scholar databases with „Data Envelopment Analysis“, „Western Balkan“ (and each of the WB countries as keywords) and „Bank“ as keywords for the search following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic literature review. Thereafter, a manual survey of these studies was conducted, which eventually resulted in 31 papers regarding the efficiency of WB countries’ banking systems. This study provides an in-depth literature review on bank efficiency studies with DEA in each of the analysed Western Balkan countries (eight in Serbia, six in North Macedonia, none in Montenegro, three in Albania, three in Kosovo, five in Bosnia and Herzegovina and six cross-country studies that include any of these Western Balkan countries), as well as a presentation of their used models, the selected variables and their findings. The findings reveal that, in most cases, the large banks in WB are most efficient and the small-sized banks are the least efficient. This literature review indicates that the surveyed studies have been published in the period between 2008 and 2022. The findings primarily show the applicability of DEA in the bank efficiency literature
On the excitation of trapped and leaky modes in coronal slabs

We study the excitation of fast waves in solar coronal loops modeled as smoothed, dense plasma slabs in a uniform magnetic field. We analyse the features of the trapped and leaky modes which result from an initial disturbance generated in the loop. By solving the time-dependent problem we find that the stationary state of the slab motion is described by the trapped normal modes and that the transient between the initial and the stationary phase is dominated by wave leakage. The period and duration of this transient (what we call the impulsive leaky phase) are in perfect agreement with the corresponding values of leaky modes calculated from the normal mode analysis.
Acromial and Scapular Spine Fractures following Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty—A Systematic Review of Fixation Constructs and Techniques

Fractures of the acromion and the scapular spine are established complications of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), and when they occur, the continuous strain by the deltoid along the bony fragments makes healing difficult. Evidence on treatment specific outcomes is poor, making the definition of a gold standard fixation technique difficult. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess whether any particular fixation construct offers improved clinical and/or radiographic outcomes. A systematic review of the literature on fixation of acromial and scapular spine fractures following RSA was carried out based on the guidelines of PRISMA. The search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, OVID Medline, and CENTRAL databases with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria applied. Methodological quality assessment of each included study was done using the modified Coleman methodology score to asses MQOE. Selection of the studies, data extraction and methodological quality assessment was carried out by two of the authors independently. Only clinical studies reporting on fixation of the aforementioned fractures were considered. Fixation construct, fracture union and time to union, shoulder function and complications were investigated. Nine studies reported on fixation strategies for acromial and scapular spine fractures and were therefore included. The 18 reported results related to fractures in 17 patients; 1 was classified as a Levy Type I fracture, 10 as a Levy Type II fracture and the remaining 7 fractures were defined as Levy Type III. The most frequent fixation construct in type II scapular spine fractures was a single plate (used in 6 of the 10 cases), whereas dual platin was the most used fixation for Levy Type III fractures (5 out of 7). Radiographic union was reported in 15 out of 18 fractures, whereas 1 patient (6.7%) had a confirmed non-union of a Levy Type III scapular spine fracture, requiring revision fixation. There were 5 complications reported, with 2 patients undergoing removal of metal and 1 patient undergoing revision fixation. The Subjective Shoulder Value and Visual Analogue Scale pain score averaged 75% and 2.6 points, respectively. The absolute Constant Score and the ASES score averaged 48.2 and 78.3 points, respectively. With the available data, it is not possible to define a gold standard surgical fixation but it seems that even when fracture union can be achieved, functional outcomes are moderate and there is an increased complication rate. Future studies are required to establish a gold standard fixation technique.
Low-Cost Sensor for Continuous Measurement of Brix in Liquids

This paper presents a Brix sensor based on the differential pressure measurement principle. Two piezoresistive silicon pressure sensors were applied to measure the specific gravity of the liquid, which was used to calculate the Brix level. The pressure sensors were mounted inside custom-built water-tight housings connected together by fixed length metallic tubes containing the power and signal cables. Two designs of the sensor were prepared; one for the basic laboratory testing and validation of the proposed system and the other for a fermentation experiment. For lab tests, a sugar solution with different Brix levels was used and readings from the proposed sensor were compared with a commercially available hydrometer called Tilt. During the fermentation experiments, fermentation was carried out in a 1000 L tank over 7 days and data was recorded and analysed. In the lab experiments, a good linear relationship between the sugar content and the corresponding Brix levels was observed. In the fermentation experiment, the sensor performed as expected but some problems such as residue build up were encountered. Overall, the proposed sensing solution carries a great potential for continuous monitoring of the Brix level in liquids. Due to the usage of low-cost pressure sensors and the interface electronics, the cost of the system is considered suitable for large scale deployment at wineries or juice processing industries.
Comparison of Fear of Dentistry between Children with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization and Children with Permanent First Molars without Hypoplasia

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect of the incisor and molars that can lead to fear of dentistry in children. This study aimed to compare the dental fear of children aged 8 to 12 years with MIH and children with permanent first molars without hypoplasia in 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, the participants included 200 students aged 8-12 years old in Isfahan, who were randomly selected from the second to sixth- grade students referred to the clinics. The examination was performed by a dentistry intern using a disposable dental mirror and dental probe on the unit. Fifty-two children with MIH and 148 children with permanent first molars without hypoplasia were enrolled. The Dental Subscale of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule ( CFSS-DS ) questionnaire was used to collect information, which includes two sections: demographic information and 15 questions on different areas of fear of dental treatment in children. Data were analysed through SPSS 20 software and using descriptive-statistical tests (frequency and percentage, mean), t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression test. P < 0.05 was defined as a statistically significant level. Results: The mean score of dental fear was 15 ± 35 (ranged from 15 to 75) which indicated moderate level of dental fear in the participating children. In whole, 62.5% of children were afraid of dentistry. The rate of dental fear in girls was 9 times higher than in boys ( P < 0.05). Also, the rate of dental fear in children with MIH was 46 times higher than in children who did not have this disorder ( P < 0.05). The frequency of dental fear in children with severe disorders was significantly higher than in children with mild defects ( P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of dental fear among different age groups ( P = 0.313). Also, with increasing the number of dental visits, dental fear increased by 1.2 times ( P < 0.05), which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Fear of dentistry in children with MIH was significantly higher than in children with molar teeth without hypoplasia.
Personalized Edge Intelligence via Federated Self-Knowledge Distillation

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging approach in edge computing for collaboratively training machine learning models among multiple devices, which aims to address limited bandwidth, system heterogeneity, and privacy issues in traditional centralized training. However, the existing federated learning methods focus on learning a shared global model for all devices, which may not always be ideal for different devices. Such situations become even worse when each edge device has its own data distribution or task. In this paper, we study personalized federated learning in which our goal is to train models to perform well for individual clients. We observe that the initialization in each communication round causes the forgetting of historical personalized knowledge. Based on this observation, we propose a novel Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) framework via self-knowledge distillation, named pFedSD. By allowing clients to distill the knowledge of previous personalized models to current local models, pFedSD accelerates the process of recalling the personalized knowledge for the latest initialized clients. Moreover, self-knowledge distillation provides different views of data in feature space to realize an implicit ensemble of local models. Extensive experiments on various datasets and settings demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of pFedSD.
Sex Differences in the Effects of Cognitive Reappraisal Training on Conditioned Fear Responses

Sex differences in emotion regulation strategies may impact sex differences in affective disorders. Using cognitive reappraisal strategy in the discriminative task of conditioned fear was studied to understand how sex differences in emotion regulation impact on conditioned fear in men and women. College students with low cognitive reappraisal scores completed the task of conditioned fear during two days: acquisition and extinction at the first day, and re-extinction at the second day. The reappraisal training was carried out before conditioned fear task. The self-reported fear rating of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and US-expectancy in the conditioned fear (unconditioned stimulus, US) were analyzed. Results showed all subjects acquired conditional fear and successfully distinguished CS+ from CS−. Cognitive reappraisal significantly reduces the fear rating and improves the extinction of US-expectancy in both sexes, but the fear rating in female reappraisal group decreases more slowly than that in male reappraisal group, as well as the extinction of US-expectancy in woman requiring a longer time and more trials of extinction than that in men. For individuals with low cognitive reappraisal scores, cognitive reappraisal promotes the extinction of conditioned fear in both males and females. Because of the original gender difference of conditioned fear extinction and emotion regulation, the effect of cognitive reappraisal on conditioned fear is complex, which shows differently in influence speed and practice effect.