Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diet composition and reproductive biology of spineless cuttlefish Sepiella inermis (Orbigny, 1848) from Ratnagiri (Arabian Sea, North-west coast of India)

In the present study, we investigated some biological aspects of the spineless cuttlefish,Sepiella inermis (Orbigny, 1848) along the Ratnagiri coast of Maharashtra, India. A study ondiet composition and reproductive biology of the species was carried out. Dorsal mantlelength (DML) ranged from 35.9 to 93.3 mm for males and 29.3 to 98 mm for females.Feeding intensity was noted to be low during most of the study period. S. inermis was foundto have a protracted spawning season. The overall male: female ratio was 1:1.02 during thestudy period. The average fecundity was found to be 358 eggs. Length at sexual maturitywas estimated to be 42 mm and 53 mm for males and females respectively. The informationobtained from the study will help the fishery agencies to formulate management measuresin sustaining the landings of S. inermis in the region. Keywords:Biological studies, Cephalopods, Maharashtra,Ratnagiri coast, Sepiella inermis, Spinelesscuttlefish
Morphological Studies of Okhotsk Crania from Omisaki, Hokkaido

Metrical and nonmetrical data were taken of the cranial series of the Okhotsk culture unearthed from the Omisaki site, Hokkaido. The Omisaki crania were compared in terms of metrical data with the crania of the Ainu, Moyoro Okhotsk, Jomon, recent Japanese, Chinese, Korean and Northern Mongoloids. It was shown that the Omisaki crania possess the characteristics of Northern Mongoloids, and that the Moyoro and Omisaki are of an identical group. This Okhotsk group has a close resemblance in cranial measurements to the Nanays and Ulchs in the lower basin of the Amur as well as to the Asiatic Eskimos, while the Troickoe crania of the Mo-ho culture in the Amur basin have little metrical resemblance to the Okhotsk crania. The cluster analysis applied to the individual cranium of the Hokkaido Ainu and Omisaki Okhotsk suggested that a few of the crania excavated at the Okhotsk burials resemble the Ainu crania, though there is a basic difference in total cranial morphology between the Ainu and Okhotsk populations.
Fractionation of grain size in terrestrial sediment routing systems

Sediment is fractionated by size during its cascade from source to sink in sediment routing systems. It is anticipated, therefore, that the grain size distribution of sediment will undergo down‐system changes as a result of fluvial sorting processes and selective deposition. We assess this hypothesis by comparing grain size statistical properties of samples from within the erosional source region with those that have undergone different amounts of transport. A truncated Pareto distribution describes well the coarser half of the clast size distribution of regolith, coarse channel bed sediment and proximal debris flows (particularly their levees), as well as the coarser half of the clast size distribution of gravels that have undergone considerable amounts of transport in rivers. The Pareto shape parameter a evolves in response to mobilization, sediment transport and, importantly, the selective extraction of particles from the surface flow to build underlying stratigraphy. A goodness of fit statistic, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov vertical difference, illustrates the closeness of the observed clast size distributions to the Pareto, Weibull and log‐normal models as a function of distance from the depositional apex. The goodness of fit of the particle size distribution of regolith varies with bedrock geology. Bedload sediment at catchment outlets is fitted well by the log‐normal and truncated Pareto models, whereas the exponential Weibull model provides a less good fit. In the Eocene Escanilla palaeo‐sediment routing system of the south‐central Pyrenees, the log‐normal and truncated Pareto models provide excellent fits for distances of up to 80 km from the depositional apex, whereas the Weibull fit progressively worsens with increasing transport distance. A similar trend is found in the Miocene–Pliocene gravels of the Nebraskan Great Plains over a distance of >300 km. Despite the large fractionation in mean grain size and gravel percentage from source region to depositional sink, particle size distributions therefore appear to maintain log‐normality over a wide range of transport distance. Use of statistical models enables down‐system fractionation of sediment released from source regions to be better understood and predicted and is a potentially valuable tool in source‐to‐sink approaches to basin analysis.
Influence of Different Tillage Systems on Yield of Maize on Stagnic Luvisols of Central Croatia

Polazeci od potrebe da se utvrdi optimalna dubina obrade, odnosno da se obrada ucini jednostavnijom i jeftinijom, uz puno respektiranje edafskih i klimatskih uvjeta, te bioloskih i agrotehnickih potreba uzgajanih usjeva, provode se visegodisnja istraživanja optimalne dubine osnovne obrade na obronacnom pseudogleju sredisnje Hrvatske. U ovom radu prikazujemo rezultate vezane uz prinos zrna kukuruza. Tijekom 1995. godine najvisi prinos od 9, 60 t/ha je ostvaren na oranju uz odnosno niz nagib. U godinama s nedostatkom oborina do izražaja dolaze varijante s dubljom obradom, pa je tako u drugoj godini istraživanja (2000. g.) najvisi prinos od 7, 97 t/ha ostvaren na varijanti s vrlo dubokim oranjem. U obje godine istraživanja signifikantno niži prinos je ostvaren na varijanti s izostavljanjem obrade. Temeljem ostvarenih prinosa prema varijantama pokusa može se zakljuciti da izostavljanje obrade na tipu tla na kome su provedena istraživanja, tj. pseudogleju ne može imati ravnopravan položaj s klasicnom, standardnom obradom tla. No, uzimajuci u obzir ostvarene niže prinose s jednu stranu, ali i ustedu u energiji pri obradi na izostavljanju obrade s druge strane, ovaj sustav traži da mu se posveti jos vise pažnje u buducim istraživanjima. S obzirom na aktualnost primjene bilo kog od reduciranih nacina obrade tla u nas, a imajuci u vidu složenost ove problematike, tj. primjenu novih sustava obrade tla, potreban je daljnji temeljiti, dugogodisnji i kompleksni istraživacki multidisciplinarni rad u koji bi bili ukljuceni znanstvenici svih polja koje se susrecu s ovom problematikom.
The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hyaluronan Fragments’ Inflammatory Cascade: Clinical Implications

It is a common experience, reported by patients who have undergone manual therapy that uses deep friction, to perceive soreness in treatment areas; however, it is still not clear what causes it and if it is therapeutically useful or a simple side effect. The purpose of this narrative review is to determine whether manual and physical therapies can catalyze an inflammatory process driven by HA fragments. The literature supports the hypothesis that mechanical stress can depolymerize into small pieces at low molecular weight and have a high inflammatory capacity. Many of these pieces are then further degraded into small oligosaccharides. Recently, it has been demonstrated that oligosaccharides are able to stop this inflammatory process. These data support the hypothesis that manual therapy that uses deep friction could metabolize self-aggregated HA chains responsible for increasing loose connective tissue viscosity, catalyzing a local HA fragment cascade that will generate soreness but, at the same time, facilitate the reconstitution of the physiological loose connective tissue properties. This information can help to explain the meaning of the inflammatory process as well as the requirement for it for the long-lasting resolution of these alterations.
COMPOSITIONAL FIDELITY OF DEATH ASSEMBLAGES FROM A CORAL REEF-ASSOCIATED TIDAL-FLAT AND SHALLOW SUBTIDAL LAGOON IN THE NORTHERN RED SEA

ABSTRACT This study focuses on quantitative analysis of the species composition and distribution of living and dead mollusks to assess fidelity of death assemblages in a protected tidal flat and a shallow subtidal lagoon behind a fringing reef from the Indo-Pacific province. We evaluate how well the death assemblage (DA) reflects the original living community and whether there was a recent ecological shift in species composition. Quantitative analysis of 18 samples from unvegetated sandy substrata shows that dead individuals dominate in the shallow subtidal lagoon, but living and dead individuals were roughly equally abundant on the tidal flat. This difference points to rapid degradation or export of dead shells from tidal flats, leading to smaller potential for time averaging. Rarefied species richness and diversity of DAs is higher than that of the living assemblages (LAs) at the scale of habitats and at the scale of the study area, and this difference in richness is stronger and live-dead (LD) agreement in composition is smaller in the subtidal than in the intertidal habitats. Distinct assemblages characterized intertidal and subtidal habitats both in LAs and DAs, and the rank-abundance distributions of DAs generally corresponded to that of LAs. We suggest that anthropogenic impact in the area did not result in a major environmental change in the subtidal environment during the past few decades because existing small differences between LAs and DAs can be explained by some degree of time averaging and small-scale redistribution of shells. On the tidal flat, however, the lower time-averaging of the DA and the generalistic life habits of prominent members in the LA do not exclude a major shift.
Effect of temperature on electrical resistivity of high-performance fiber-reinforced concretes

The effect of temperature on the electrical resistivity of high -performance fiber-reinforced concretes (HPFRCs) were highlighted in this investigation through an experimental approach. There are four HPFRC mixtures as follows: HPFRC0 (no fiber), HPFRC1 (macro steel fiber, 1.5% by volume), HPFRC2 (micro steel fiber, 1.5% by volume), and HPFRC3 (hybrid fiber, 1.0% by volume macro steel fiber blended with 0.5% by volume micro steel fiber). All HPFRC specimens had an identical size of 40 × 40 × 160 mm3 (width x depth x length). The electrical resistivity of HPFRCs was measured under three temperature levels, including 0oC, 25oC, and 50oC using a chamber machine. The research proved that the electrical resistivity of the studied HPFRCs obviously decreased with increasing of the temperature ranging from 0oC to 50oC. Generally, the temperature exhibited a considerable effect on the electrical resistivities of cement-based composites.
Improving household fish and vegetable availability through participation of rural women: A case study

Homestead integrated aquaculture has immense potential towards alleviating poverty andundernourishment. In order to have sustainable and equitable impacts through small holderaquaculture innovations, a focus on gender being included at the very start of the designand dissemination is required. The present case study showcases the impact of genderinclusive interventions in improving the participation of women in homestead aquaculture,thereby improving the household fish and vegetable availability and income. Conservation ofthe diminishing stock of small indigenous fishes by deliberately farming them along with theIndian major carps (IMCs) was also a focus of the study. A gender inclusive approach wasadopted in the capacity building of women on scientific aquaculture management practices.Twenty four homestead ponds having areas ranging from 0.17-0.22 ha in Puri District, Odishacovering a total area of 4 ha from four villages were selected to undertake participatoryaction research. The ponds were stocked with IMCs @10000 ha-1 and small indigenousfishes like Amblyphanrynogon mola and Puntius spp. @25000 ha-1. Several women friendlyinterventions like gillnets (mesh size 12 mm) a passive fishing gear and trellis systemaround pond bund for growing climber vegetables were introduced in the villages with anaim to improve the participation of women in homestead integrated aquaculture. As a resultof the interventions, the fish production increased from 0.75 t ha-1 yr-1 to 2.48 t ha-1 yr-1.The involvement of women in harvesting of small fish using passive gear like gillnets andtraps resulted in regular fortnightly availability of around 750 g of small micronutrient richfish to rural families. The utilisation of pond bund for growing vegetables following thecropping calendar resulted in production around 790 kg vegetables per hectare of pondarea. The study showed that women can immensely contribute to increasing and stabilisingfamily income and in improving family nutrition by participating in homestead integratedaquaculture. The research also proved that polyculture of IMCs with small indigenous fishesby following the scientific management practices will result in better yield, improved fishavailability to the house and better management of the household resources. Keywords: Aquaculture, Empowerment, Household, Horticulture, Participation, Women
Crustal reworking in a shear zone: transformation of metagranite to migmatite

This study uses field, microstructural and geochemical data to investigate the processes contributing to the petrological diversity that arises when granitic continental crust is reworked. The Kinawa migmatite formed when Archean TTG crust in the São Francisco Craton, Brazil was reworked by partial melting at ~730 °C and 5–6 kbar in a regional‐scale shear zone. As a result, a relatively uniform leucogranodiorite protolith produced compositionally and microstructurally diverse diatexites and leucosomes. All outcrops of migmatite display either a magmatic foliation, flow banding or transposed leucosomes and indicate strong, melt‐present shearing. There are three types of diatexite. Grey diatexites are interpreted to be residuum, although melt segregation was incomplete in some samples. Biotite stable, H2O‐fluxed melting is inferred via the reaction Pl + Kfs + Qz + H2O = melt and geochemical modelling indicates 0.35–0.40 partial melting. Schlieren diatexites are extremely heterogeneous; residuum‐rich domains alternate with leucocratic quartzofeldspathic domains. Homogeneous diatexites have the highest SiO2 and K2O contents and are coarse‐grained, leucocratic rocks. Homogeneous diatexites, quartzofeldspathic domains from the schlieren diatexites and the leucosomes contain both plagioclase‐dominated and K‐feldspar‐dominated feldspar framework microstructures and hence were melt‐derived rocks. Both types of feldspar frameworks show evidence of tectonic compaction. Modelling the crystallization of an initial anatectic melt shows plagioclase appears first; K‐feldspar appears after ~40% crystallization. In the active shear zone setting, shear‐enhanced compaction provided an essentially continuous driving force for segregation. Thus, Kinawa migmatites with plagioclase frameworks are interpreted to have formed by shear‐enhanced compaction early in the crystallization of anatectic melt, whereas those with K‐feldspar frameworks formed later from the expelled fractionated melt. Trace element abundances in some biotite and plagioclase from the fractionated melt‐derived rocks indicate that these entrained minerals were derived from the wall rocks. Results from the Kinawa migmatites indicate that the key factor in generating petrological diversity during crustal reworking is that shear‐enhanced compaction drove melt segregation throughout the period that melt was present in the rocks. Segregation of melt during melting produced residuum and anatectic melt and their mixtures, whereas segregation during crystallization resulted in crystal fractionation and generated diverse plagioclase‐rich rocks and fractionated melts.
Comparing the Robustness of ResNet, Swin-Transformer, and MLP-Mixer under Unique Distribution Shifts in Fundus Images

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. Consequently, numerous deep learning models have been developed for the early detection of DR. Safety-critical applications employed in medical diagnosis must be robust to distribution shifts. Previous studies have focused on model performance under distribution shifts using natural image datasets such as ImageNet, CIFAR-10, and SVHN. However, there is a lack of research specifically investigating the performance using medical image datasets. To address this gap, we investigated trends under distribution shifts using fundus image datasets. Methods: We used the EyePACS dataset for DR diagnosis, introduced noise specific to fundus images, and evaluated the performance of ResNet, Swin-Transformer, and MLP-Mixer models under a distribution shift. The discriminative ability was evaluated using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC-AUC), while the calibration ability was evaluated using the monotonic sweep calibration error (ECE sweep). Results: Swin-Transformer exhibited a higher ROC-AUC than ResNet under all types of noise and displayed a smaller reduction in the ROC-AUC due to noise. ECE sweep did not show a consistent trend across different model architectures. Conclusions: Swin-Transformer consistently demonstrated superior discrimination compared to ResNet. This trend persisted even under unique distribution shifts in the fundus images.
Selective Path Automatic Differentiation: Beyond Uniform Distribution on Backpropagation Dropout

This paper introduces Selective Path Automatic Differentiation (SPAD), a novel approach to reducing memory consumption and mitigating overfitting in gradient-based models for embedded artificial intelligence. SPAD extends the existing Randomized Automatic Differentiation, proposed by Oktay et al and which draws random paths through the backpropagation graph with matrix injection, by enabling alternative probability distributions on the backpropagation graph, thereby enhancing learning performance and memory management. In a specific iteration, SPAD evaluates and ranks multiple paths within the backpropagation graph. Over subsequent iterations, it preferentially follows these higher-ranked paths. This work also presents a compilation-based technique allowing model-agnostic access to random paths, ensuring generalizability across various model architectures, not restricted to deep models. Experimental evaluations conducted across various optimization functions demonstrate an enhanced minimization performance when employing SPAD. Additionally, deep learning experiments with SPAD notably mitigate overfitting, offering benefits akin to those of traditional dropout methods, but with a concomitant decrease in memory usage. We conclude by discussing the unique stochasticity implications of our work and the potential for it to augment other stochastic techniques in the field.
Evaluation of BIRC6 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Epithelial Dysplasia, Lichen Planus with and without Dysplasia, and Hyperkeratosis

Background: BIRC6, regarded as the pivotal member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis (IAP) family, has been linked to the development of different types of cancer in humans. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of BIRC6 in various oral conditions, including OLP with dysplasia (OLPD), hyperkeratosis (HK), OLP, epithelial dysplasia (ED), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to investigate its potential involvement in the development of OSCC and the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OLP, which is known as a precancerous condition. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 99 cases, consisting of 19 cases of OSCC, 21 cases of ED, 23 cases of OLP, 20 cases of OLPD, and 16 cases of HK as the control group, were investigated regarding BIRC6 expression by immunohistochemical staining. After that, the immunohistochemical expression of BIRC6 in the epithelial compartment was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the expression of BIRC6 and clinicopathological variables. The statistical analysis of the data involved the use of one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey, Kruskal–Wallis, Chi-square, Spearman’s correlation, and Mann–Whitney tests. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Positive BIRC6 staining was found in 91.7% of the subjects of OLP, 88.1% of HK, 86.1% of ED, 93% of OLPD, and 94.7% of OSCC. OSCC showed the highest BIRC6 expression (p = 0.00). The average total staining score was remarkably greater in OSCC and dysplastic lesions compared with HK (p = 0.00, p = 0.00). Conclusions: While the current study suggested that BIRC6 may play a role in the tumorigenesis of OSCC, its role in the malignant transformation of OLP has yet to be definitively established.
The Association of Psychological Variants with Back Pain, Muscle Endurance, and Functional Limitations in an Individual with Chronic Back Pain

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) substantially impacts quality of life through a multifarious interplay of physical and psychological elements. A comprehensive understanding of this relationship is imperative for developing effective treatment strategies. This study recruited 64 participants (35 males and 29 females) experiencing chronic low back pain to explore the associations between psychological factors, muscle endurance, and functional impairments. The study was conducted over six months in an outpatient department and a rehabilitation unit. The study utilized established outcome measures, such as the Biering-Sorensen Test and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, and psychological variants as the core dependent variables, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), STAI questionnaire, the FABQ-PA, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The findings uncovered pronounced gender disparities, with females exhibiting elevated levels of depression (BDI: 27.68 ± 9.43, p < 0.001) and anxiety (STAI: 42.34 ± 8.94, p < 0.001) and diminished muscle endurance (130.47 ± 30.56 sec, p = 0.001). These revelations are congruent with the prevailing literature, emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive and personalized interventions. Bivariate correlations presented robust associations between psychological distress and decreased muscle endurance (r values ranging from −0.82 to −0.88, p < 0.001) alongside elevated functional impairments (r values from 0.89 to 0.94, p < 0.001) for both genders. Additionally, linear regression analyses illuminated the consequential impact of specific psychological variables such as the BDI, FABQ-PA, and PCS on muscle endurance and functional impairments (all p < 0.001). This study reveals gender-specific variations in chronic back pain, highlighting the influence of psychological factors on pain perception. It underscores the necessity for gender-sensitive treatment strategies. Future research is needed to explore these differences further and assess treatment efficacy to improve care and quality of life for chronic low back pain sufferers through personalized treatment plans.