Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of the massive X-ray binary 4U 1700 - 37 = HD 153919

The system parameters for the massive X-ray binary 4U 1700 - 37 are reexamined in the light of modern spectroscopic theory and new UV and X-ray data. The system is composed of HD 153919, an O6f star having a stronger wind, and an accreting neutron star. Revised parameters for the Of component are derived which are in accord with the parameters of single Of stars, which resolves the problem that 'the O star is undermassive by a factor of 2' formulated by Conti (1978). The ratio of the terminal velocity of the wind to the photospheric escape velocity agrees with those of O stars. The discrepancy between the values of the wind acceleration parameter, derived from X-ray and UV data, is resolved. The acceleration of the wind is similar to that of single OB star winds. It is suggested that the supernova explosion producing the neutron star in 4U 1700 - 37 occurred over a million years ago when HD 153919 was still on the main sequence.
Smooth postbuckling stresses by a modified finite element method

Exact postbuckling stresses usually vary fairly smoothly. Unfortunately, finite element postbuckling stresses tend to be much less well behaved. The result is that second order postbuckling constants determined by the finite element method may be highly inaccurate. The reason is that in finite element solutions transverse displacements associated with the buckling fields furnish too rapidly varying postbuckling strain contributions, while the postbuckling axial or membrane displacements contribute strain components that are sufficiently smooth, thus creating an internal postbuckling strain and stress mismatch. The present study suggests a modified finite element method that handles the problem, which is a special example of membrane locking, by introducing the postbuckling strains as independent variables. In general, the method provides rather complicated finite element expressions. However, by a suitable choice of interpolating functions, the resulting finite element equations themselves may be found to be the usual ones, and yet provide smooth postbuckling stresses and therefore good values of the postbuckling constants.
A Magic Leap in Tourism: Intended and Realized Experience of Head-Mounted Augmented Reality in a Museum Context

Augmented reality (AR) is an emergent technology in tourism. However, research concerning the AR user experience is relatively scarce and seldom addresses the intentions of designers. Accordingly, we sought to: (a) explore the design intentions underlying a multi-user, purpose-built AR experience; (b) assess the extent to which users’ realized experience aligned with the designers’ intended experience; and (c) examine the relationships between users’ internal states and their associated behavior, in alignment with a Stimulus-Organism-Response framework. In Study 1, designers (n = 5) took part in a focus group and completed a design intentions survey. In Study 2, users (n = 48) tested the AR experience, and a range of subjective (e.g., affective responses) and objective (i.e., visual attention) data were recorded. Findings indicated designer–user disparities primarily at the organism and response levels. Additionally, users’ affective responses to the AR experience were strongly associated with visitor engagement.
Structural Equation Models

Heywood cases represent the most common form of a series of related problems in confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Other problems include factor loadings and factor correlations outside the usual range, large variances of parameter estimates, and high correlations between parameter estimates. The concept of empirical underidentification is used here to show how these problems can arise, and under what conditions they can be controlled. The discussion is centered around examples showing how small factor loadings, factor correlations near zero, and factor correlations near one can lead to empirical underidentification.
An implementation of the Spalart–Allmaras DES model in an implicit unstructured hybrid finite volume/element solver for incompressible turbulent flow

In this paper, we describe an implicit hybrid finite volume (FV)/element (FE) incompressible Navier–Stokes solver for turbulent flows based on the Spalart–Allmaras detached eddy simulation (SA‐DES). The hybrid FV/FE solver is based on the segregated pressure correction or projection method. The intermediate velocity field is first obtained by solving the original momentum equations with the matrix‐free implicit cell‐centered FV method. The pressure Poisson equation is solved by the node‐based Galerkin FE method for an auxiliary variable. The auxiliary variable is closely related to the real pressure and is used to update the velocity field and the pressure field. We store the velocity components at cell centers and the auxiliary variable at vertices, making the current solver a staggered‐mesh scheme. The SA‐DES turbulence equation is solved after the velocity and the pressure fields have been updated at the end of each time step. The same matrix‐free FV method as the one used for momentum equations is used to solve the turbulence equation. The turbulence equation provides the eddy viscosity, which is added to the molecular viscosity when solving the momentum equation. In our implementation, we focus on the accuracy, efficiency and robustness of the SA‐DES model in a hybrid flow solver. This paper will address important implementation issues for high‐Reynolds number flows where highly stretched elements are typically used. In addition, some aspects of implementing the SA‐DES model will be described to ensure the robustness of the turbulence model. Several numerical examples including a turbulent flow past a flat plate and a high‐Reynolds number flow around a high angle‐of‐attack NACA0015 airfoil will be presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our current implementation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FREQUENCY–DOMAIN CRITERIA FOR CORRELATING AND UPDATING DYNAMIC FINITE ELEMENT MODELS

Abstract This paper discusses the use of frequency–domain criteria for finite element (FE) model correlation and updating. The criteria, which can be local or global, are either shape or amplitude based. The former are sensitive to mode shape differences but not to relative scales, and the latter depend on the actual response amplitudes. The updating objective function is formulated in such a way that two global correlation criteria are satisfied simultaneously. A sensitivity-based updating problem is expressed as a set of linear equations where the coefficient matrix contains the partial derivatives of the correlation functions with respect to the chosen design variables. The formulation has the advantage of being able to deal with incomplete measurements and there is no critical selection of updating frequency points. The correlation criteria were used successfully to quantify the initial closeness between 4 increasingly detailed FE models of an automotive oil pan. The updating of the second most detailed model, using simulated response functions from the most detailed model, exhibited quick convergence properties and yielded a very good match between the target and updated frequency response functions. However, the initial FE model was corrected in a curve-fitting/minimisation sense since actual modelling deficiencies were compensated by adjusting a small number of pre-selected design parameters.
Why the Public Supports the Human Rights of Prisoners and Asylum Seekers: An Experimental Approach

What factors shape support for the human rights of prisoners and asylum seekers at the individual level? Although the human rights literature has expanded greatly in the last 30 years, comparatively little attention has been paid to (a) the many human rights outside of a very small set of physical or bodily integrity rights and (b) the role of public opinion. We build a theoretical model of various human rights as public opinion-related policy choices, developing the micro-foundations of public support for the human rights of vulnerable subpopulations. Drawing on the broader literature on public policy and international norms, we use experimental methods to test whether calls to rational effectiveness or international norm cascades improve support for the rights of prisoners and asylum seekers. Although we find baseline support for these rights in the United States and Canada, our findings also imply that rhetoric on the potential costs of human rights policy could reduce popular support, even when such policy is consistent with international norms.
A Review of Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (3rd ed.)

The previous editions of this book, written by the first two authors, Jacob and Patricia Cohen, became essential reference tools for many social scientists who needed a solid grounding in statistical methodology. It was first published in 1975, with an intention to provide a foundation in the regression framework for the practical researcher. The second edition (1983) focused on causality and analysis of variance and covariance. The third edition is even more extensive, containing extra topics that have evolved over the last 20 years, and has extensions of earlier chapters. It remains as vital as ever.
A methodology for optimal laminar flow control: Application to the damping of Tollmien–Schlichting waves in a boundary layer

A methodology for determining the optimal steady suction distribution for the delay of transition in a boundary layer is presented. The flow state is obtained from the coupled system of boundary layer equations and parabolized stability equations (PSE), to account for the spatially developing nature of the flow. The wall suction is defined by an optimal control procedure based on the iterative solution of the equations for the state and the dual state; the latter is available from the adjoint boundary layer equations and the adjoint PSE. The technique is applied to the control of two-dimensional Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves. Results show that the onset of the instability can be significantly postponed and/or the growth rate considerably reduced by applying an appropriate suction through the whole wall length, in a wide frequency band. Control over panels of finite length completes the study and brings useful, preliminary information on the practicality of the approach in view of implementation. Finally.
Akademia Baru A Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Magnetic Nanofluid Flow inside Square Straight Channel

A numerical study using computational fluid dynamics method with a single-phase approach has been presented in order to determine the effects of the concentration of nanoparticles and flow rate on the convective heat transfer and friction factor in turbulent regime flowing through a square duct with Reynolds number range of 10000 ≤ Re ≤ 1000000 using constant applied heat flux around the duct. The nanofluid used consisted of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with an average diameter of 13 nm dispersed in water with six volume fractions (0, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.5 and 2%). The results revealed that as volume fraction and Reynolds number increased, Nusselt number increased, and friction factor decreased as Reynolds number increased. Copyright © 2014 Penerbit Akademia Baru All rights reserved.
Optical trapping and rotational manipulation of microscopic particles and biological cells using higher-order mode Nd:YAG laser beams

A single-beam optical trapping of microscopic particles and biological cells is demonstrated by using higher-order mode Nd : YAG laser beams at 1.064 μm for the first known time. A stronger trapping force by a TEM01* beam than that by a TEM00 beam was observed and 360° rotation of a trapped red blood cell with a TEM0n beam was achieved.
Caregiver Burden, Psychological Distress and Quality of Life among Informal Caregivers of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Longitudinal Study

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to investigate caregiver burden among informal caregivers of head and neck cancer patients, in relation to distress and quality of life (QoL), and the relationship between informal caregivers and patients. (2) Methods: Data of 234 dyads from the multicenter prospective cohort study Netherlands Quality of life and Biomedical Cohort studies in cancer was used. Caregiver burden, psychological distress, global QoL, physical and social functioning were measured from baseline until 24 months after treatment. (4) Conclusions: This prospective cohort study shows the high burden of caring for HNC patients, the impact of this burden and the interaction between caregiver and patient. We suggest that healthcare professionals include caregivers in counseling and support.
Quasi-Periodicity of the Drag Coefficient and Nusselt Number Induced by Taylor-Görtler Vortices

In this article, we investigate the impact of Taylor-Görtler vortices on the drag coefficient and Nusselt number in a heated rotating channel flow using the method of large-eddy simulation (LES). We report the observation of quasi-periodicity of the drag coefficient and Nusselt number in the spanwise direction induced by Taylor-Görtler vortices. The physical conditions under which the extrema of the drag coefficient and Nusselt number occur are investigated. The turbulent flow field is characterized by a Reynolds number Re τ = 150 and various rotation numbers Ro τ ranging from 0 to 7.5. Numerical simulations are performed using two advanced dynamic subgrid-scale stress and heat flux models; namely, the dynamic nonlinear model (DNM) for closure of the filtered momentum equation and the dynamic full linear tensor thermal diffusivity model (DFLTDM) for closure of the filtered thermal energy equation.
Strong convergence theorems for common fixed points of uniformly L -Lipschitzian pseudocontractive semi-groups

Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly convex real Banach space E which has uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. Let be a strongly continuous uniformly L-Lipschitzian semi-group of pseudocontractive mappings from K into E satisfying the weakly inward condition with a nonempty common fixed point set. Then, for a given u∈K, there exists a unique point un in K satisfying , where αn∈[0,1) and tn > 0 are real sequences satisfying appropriate conditions. Furthermore, {un } converges strongly to a fixed point of . Moreover, explicit iteration procedures which converge strongly to a fixed point of are constructed. A corollary of this result gives an affirmative answer to a recent question posed in Suzuki (2003, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 131, 2133–2136).
Household Productivity and Poverty Assessment in Northern Nigeria: Evidence of Smallholder Farmers in Sudano-Sahelian Region

Cross-sectional data were collected from four (4) states (Kano, Jigawa, Bauchi and Gombe) in Northern Nigeria, covering 1,200 households. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire to elicit information on respondents' socioeconomic profile, production and Productivity parameters, household expenditure and other factors influencing poverty status. Descriptive statistics, FGT and Logistic regression model, were used for data analysis. The study discovered low access to agricultural finance and poor access to the market, which affected household productivity and overall income. Agricultural production is an important household activity which provides food and basic needs for the improved livelihood of households and communities. The results showed the presence of the majority of male respondents with formal education and access to extension and market. The average land area cultivated by the households was 2.02, with minimum and maximum of 0.55ha and 6.58ha, respectively. The highest proportion was reported for rice, maize and livestock in all the States. The land area productivity shows an average of 2.01ha, 1.92ha, 2.23ha and 2.19ha for Gombe, Bauchi, Jigawa and Kano, respectively. The highest average annual income was 351,284.39 for Kano State, followed by Gombe and Bauchi State (319,480.31 and 304,651.73), respectively. The reported poverty incidence was 71.33%, 69.67%, 70.67% and 64.67 for Bauchi, Gombe, Jigawa and Kano States, respectively. The significant reported variables influencing poverty include output volume, cultivated land area, off-farm income, remittances and educational attainment. The volume of output produced and annual income available are also essential sources for poverty reduction and livelihood improvement in Sudano-Sahelian Region. The poverty incidence is increased with some high severity levels, necessitating development intervention. Reliable poverty alleviation programs and engagement of stakeholders, particularly Government, public and private partners, NGOs, INGOs and donors, should develop and implement measures to facilitate access to basic social services, especially for vulnerable households is vital. Promoting income diversification (farm, off-farm and non-farm sources) and strengthening incentives for increased enterprise engagement and agricultural production is essential in poverty reduction.
Dynamically consistent nonlinear dynamos driven by convection in a rotating spherical shell. II: Dynamos with cycles and strong feedbacks

Calculs additionnels du modele de dynamo decrit par Gilman et Miller. On applique les resultats au probleme de dynamo solaire. La principale difference hydrodynamique avec Gilman et Miller est que la viscosite et la diffusivite thermique sont reduites d'un facteur 10
Regularity Theory for Elliptic PDE

EMS Press is the publishing house of the European Mathematical Society, the not-for-profit organization dedicated to the promotion and development of mathematics in Europe. Our editorial mission is to publish high-quality research for both the European and global mathematics community. We have published over 230 books in mathematics since 2003, in both print and digital formats. Our books programme is mainly organised in series, including monographs, graduate texts, collected volumes, lecture notes as well as textbooks. Presented here are new additions to our programme in 2022.
Higher Body Fat but Similar Phase Angle Values in Patients with the Classical Form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Comparison to a Control Group

This study aimed to compare phase angle (PhA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) values between adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH21OHD) and a control group. A total of 22 patients (15 women, 22.9 ± 3.7 years) were compared with 17 controls (11 women, 27.0 ± 2.5 years). Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bioelectrical impedance was used to calculate PhA, and BIVA was performed using specific software. Student’s t-test and analysis of covariance were used to compare groups. Hedges’ G and partial n2 were calculated for the effect estimates. Hotelling’s t2 test was used to compare the mean impedance vectors between the groups. The Mahalanobis test was used to determine the distance between confidence ellipses. Patients with CAH21OHD had a higher fat mass percentage than that of the control group (both sexes). There was no significant difference in PhA values between groups (CAH21OHD vs. control) in females (6.9° vs. 6.3°, p = 0.092) and males (8.2° vs. 8.1°, p = 0.849), after adjusting for covariates (age and height). BIVA analysis showed a significant difference in the mean impedance vectors between the female groups (T2 = 15.9, D = 1.58, p = 0.003) owing to the higher reactance/height (Δ = 8.5; p < 0.001) of the patients. The PhA did not significantly differ between the groups. Female patients had significantly higher reactance values. However, further studies are needed to determine the usefulness of bioimpedance parameters in evaluating the hydration status and cellular integrity of patients with CAH21OHD.
Absolute Densities of Breeding Birds in Estonian Forests: A Synthesis

Abstract. This paper synthesizes all available quantitative information on total breeding densities of Estonian forest bird assemblages, as estimated in territory mapping studies since the 1950s. There have been two approaches, one based on multiple visits (typically 7–8), and the other of reduced effort, developed for long-term monitoring. Compared to these mapping methods, line (strip) transects give ca. 30% lower estimates; they also vary widely. After quality checking, a total of 90 mapping estimates were extracted. The estimates were then integrated into ‘typical densities’ by habitat types, after critically assessing data quality and bias. ‘Typical density’ is conceptualized as a range of common density values in actual topographic, soil, forest-age and landscape conditions, under minor recent thinning influence. It also considers 15–20% underestimation of the territory mapping, which was demonstrated using a case study on post-breeding nest searching of three thrush (Turdus spp.) species. The Estonian forest bird densities show monotonous increases along the stand age, following three alternative shapes related to site productivity: a major increase within 100 years in the most productive forests, a delayed increase (also post 100 years) in pine forests of medium productivity, and slow and slight increases at low-productivity sites. Such density estimates can serve as a basis to analyse deviations in particular conditions and be integrated into land-use scenario-modelling tools across landscapes. It is important to keep the territory mapping approaches to bird census in active use and development, since several issues in conservation and ecosystem functioning cannot be addressed by relative assessments.
Hydrodynamic effects of a stellar explosion on a binary companion star.

The impact of an expanding supernova shell on a companion star is investigated. The results of a two-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic calculation are compared to the results of previous attempts to solve the problem analytical by which assumed the stellar surface to be planar. The curved surface of the star and the finite thickness of the shell are found to have a significant effect in reducing the drag on the companion. In addition, not all of the matter which is ablated from the star is ejected straight back toward the supernova, further reducing the momentum imparted to the companion. As a result, the final momentum of the companion star is actually less than the incident momentum of the shell. It seems unlikely that the collision between the supernova shell and the companion star will have a significant effect on the orbit of the binary, except perhaps in extreme cases.
Radio properties of type 1. 8 and 1. 9 Seyfert galaxies

A number of type 1.8 and 1.9 Seyfert galaxies have been observed at the VLA in order to compare their properties with those of the other types of Seyfert galaxy. The observed types have radio luminosities in the range of 10 to the 39th-40.5th args/s, with the median near 10 to the 40th ergs/s. Most of these galaxies have radio sources with diameters of about 500 pc or less. The ratio of radio luminosity to featureless optical continuum luminosity in the Seyfert 1.8/12.9 galaxies and Seyfert 1.2/1.5 galaxies is intermediate between the values for Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 galaxies. The infrared-to-radio ratio decreases along the sequence from Seyfert 1 galaxies, through intermediate Seyfert galaxies, to Seyfert 2 galaxies. This systematic statistical difference in the ratio of two aspect-independent quantities implies that the differences among the Seyfert classes cannot be attributed solely to differences in viewing angle. 39 references.