Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated catchment management research: lessons for interdisciplinary science from the Motueka Catchment, New Zealand

Integrative research projects are becoming more common and inherently face challenges that single-discipline or multi-disciplinary projects seldom do. It is difficult to learn what makes a successful integrative research project as many of these challenges and solutions often go unreported. Using the New Zealand Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) for the Motueka River research program, we reflect on the demands confronting research programs attempting to operate in an integrative interdisciplinary manner. We highlight seven key lessons that may help others learn of the benefits and difficulties that confront scientists and stakeholders involved in undertaking similar research. These are (1) clarify the goal and work with key people; (2) manage expectations; (3) agree on integrative concepts and face the challenge of epistemology; (4) leadership; (5) communication in an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect; (6) acknowledge that different modes of learning mean that a wide range of knowledge products are needed; and (7) measure and celebrate success. The recognition that many environmental problems can only be solved through the creation of new knowledge and through social processes that engage the research and management domains has been a major benefit of the research program.
Population structure of two Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 (Teleostei, Characidae) species from upper Paraguaçu river

The fishes of the family Characidae are among the main species of fresh water fishes in South America. In this work, some aspects of the population structure of two Astyanax species were assessed. The fishes were caught in Santo Antonio and Sao Jose rivers, in the Paraguacu basin, by standardized monthly samplings adapted to the microhabitats. Astyanax sp. b (Sao Jose river) presented larger size than Astyanax sp. a (Santo Antonio river). The length-weight relationship showed positive allometric growth for Astyanax sp. a, and negative for Astyanax sp. b. Both the species showed a long reproductive period, with higher activities in dry period.
Balanço de nitrogênio, degradabilidade de aminoácidos e concentração de ácidos graxos voláteis no rúmen de ovinos alimentados com feno de Stylosanthes guianensis

ABSTRACT - Seven sheep fed S. guianensis hay were used to evaluate ruminal amino acid degradability, nitrogen balance and rumenvolatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Nylon bags technique was used for determination of the in situ degradabilities of amino acids.Bags were collected at 6, 24 and 48 hours after insertion. Duodenum and feces samples were used to determine amoniacal-N and no n-amoniacal-N. To determine ruminal VFA concentrations, samples of 80 mL were collected immediately before feeding and 2, 4, 6 an d8 hours after. Nitrogen balance was 6.0 g/day. S. guianensis had 10.4 and 6.3 g of methionine and lysine, respectively, per 100 g of totalamino acids. Non essential amino acids had degradation rates twice than essentials. Aminoacitic profile of undegradable protein wasdifferent than the original feed protein. The acetate:propionate ratio was 4.31. High concentrations of methionine and its low degradabilitymake the S. guianensis an important feed when this amino acid is limiting.Key Words: amino acid, degradability, hay, legume forages, sheep
Adenosine deaminase polymorphism in man

1 A new and specific method for the study of adenosine deaminase isozymes is described. 2 Examination of red‐cell lysates has revealed three genetically determined electrophoretically different ADA phenotypes: ADA 1, ADA 2–1 and ADA 2. 3 Family studies indicate that these phenotypes are determined by two alleles, ADA1 and ADA2 at an autosomal locus. 4 Preliminary population data suggest that ADA2 has a frequency of about 0.06 in European, 0.04 in Negroes and 0.11 in Asiatic Indians. 5 The behaviour of the ADA isozyme pattern on storage or after treatment with thiol reagents suggests the occurrence of reactive sulphydryl groups in the enzyme molecules.
TOXICITY OF ELSAN TO THE INDIAN SNAKEHEAD CHANNA PUNCTATUS

The toxicity of Elsan to Channa punctatiis, studied by the graphical method, was found to follow the probit theory. The LC50 was around 0.43 ppm|48 h bothways, by sigmoid curve as well as by probit line. The acetylcholinesterase activity in the fish exposed to sublethal concentration of Elsan decreased considerably, suggesting metabolic derangement under toxic stress
Six new apotheciate species of Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) from the Colombian Andes

Abstract As part of a phylogenetic and taxonomic revision of the lichenized genus Sticta in Colombia, six new species with apotheciate thalli but lacking vegetative propagules are described: Sticta atroandensis Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., S. brevior Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., S. lumbschiana Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., S. macrocyphellata Moncada & Coca sp. nov., S. parahumboldtii Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., and S. pseudohumboldtii Moncada & Lücking sp. nov. The last two are related to S. humboldtii but phylogenetically distinct and differ in details of cyphellae morphology and spot reactions. Sticta atroandensis is similar to S. andensis but has a dark lower tomentum, whereas S. brevior belongs in the S. kunthii group, being characterized by mainly laminal apothecia with tomentose margins and a rather stout thallus. Both S. lumbschiana and S. macrocyphellata form part of the S. dilatata group and can be characterized by their lobe surface structure and cyphellae anatomy. Keys to species of the S. dilatata and S. humboldtii groups are presented.
DETERMINANTS OF URBAN HOUSEHOLD COOKING FUEL CHOICE IN GHANA

The study is based on primary data collected from 507 randomly selected households in 52 towns in the Kumasi metropolis in Ghana in an attempt to investigate the factors that influence primary cooking fuels option in urban homes in Ghana and suggests alter of sustainable alternative fuels and cleaner cooking. Graphical and cross applied to data drawn from a survey conducted in the metropolis. Though woodfuel (charcoal and firewood) is found to dominat metropolis is very high representing 40.4% which is above the national average of about 20 %. However, 89% of households that patronise liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) also use charcoal as bac up fuel low income prevents households from adopting cleaner fuels and efficient cooking options which involve high upfront costs. Also, affordability, availabil plays significant role in the type of fuel chosen.
Physiological Responses to Different Substrate Water Contents: Screening for High Water-use Efficiency in Bedding Plants

conductance, Petunia · hybrida, photosynthesis, quantum efficiency, Salvia splendens ABSTRACT. Efficient use of irrigation water is increasingly important in the production of bedding plants. Two approaches to efficient water use include reducing irrigation water wastage during production by growing plants at the optimal substrate water content (u) and growing species with high water-use efficiency (WUE). However, there is little information on the effects of different u levels on leaf physiology of bedding plants and variation in WUE among different species of bedding plants. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of u on leaf water relations, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and WUE of bedding plants and to identify the physiological basis for differences in WUE between two bedding plant species. We grew salvia 'Bonfire Red' (Salvia splendens Sellow ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes), vinca 'Cooler Peppermint' (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. ), petunia 'Lavender White' (Petunia · hybrida Hort ex. Vilm.), and impatiens 'Cherry' (Impatiens walleriana Hook F.) at four constant levels of u (0.09, 0.15, 0.22, and 0.32 m 3 � m -3 ) using an automated irrigation controller. Regardless of species, leaf water potential (Cw) and leaf photosynthesis (A) of all four species were lower at a u of 0.09 m 3 � m -3 and were not different among the other u levels, but stomatal conductance to H2 O( gS) was lower at 0.09 than at 0.15 and 0.22 m 3 � m -3 and highest at 0.32 m 3 � m -3 . WUE of bedding plants at different u levels depended on species. The WUE of petunia was unaffected by u, whereas for the other three species, WUE was higher at a u of 0.09 m 3 � m -3 than at 0.32 m 3 � m -3 . Differences in WUE between petunia and salvia were partly from differences in photosynthetic capacity between the two species. Based on the response of A to leaf internal CO2 concentration (Ci), mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm (a measure of photosynthetic capacity)) was higher in petunia than salvia, whereas gas phase conductance to CO2 (gCO2 ) was similar for these two species, which resulted in higher WUE in petunia than salvia.
Broiler responses to reduced-protein diets supplemented with valine, isoleucine, glycine, and glutamic acid

SUMMARY Reduced performance is eventually observed when broilers are fed low-protein diets, even when industrial amino acids (AA) are provided to reach requirement levels. The reason for this detrimental effect has not been precisely determined, but it is possible that nonessential AA become limiting below a certain level of protein in the diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Val, Ile, Gly, and Glu supplementation, individually or combined, in broiler diets with gradual reductions in protein. A total of 2,016 Ross × Ross 308 male broilers were fed 8 treatments with 9 replications (28 birds per pen) during a 42-d production period. overall care of birds complied with animal welfare directives from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. The control diet (treatment 1) was formulated without restricting CP, maintaining a Gly + Ser:Lys ratio of 155 or 158%. The other treatments, when not supplemented with l-Glu, had a CP content dependent on the fixed ratios of AA to Lys, generating diets with lower CP contents than the control diet. Treatment 2 was formulated with l-Val; treatment 3 with l-Val and Gly; treatment 4 with l-Val + l-Glu; treatment 5 with l-Val + Gly + l-Glu; treatment 6 with l-Val + l-Ile; treatment 7 with l-Val + l-Ile + Gly; and treatment 8 with l-Val + l-Ile + Gly + l-Glu. Dietary CP varied with feeding phase and treatment and reached 2.5% as the greatest reduction obtained. Supplementation of Gly and Glu improved BW gain and feed conversion. Benefits attributable to Gly supplementation were observed mainly in the early phases of growth. Conversely, broilers fed diets supplemented with Glu exhibited advantages in growth throughout experimentation. Addition of Ile, Glu, and Gly increased breast meat yield compared with broilers fed diets supplemented with only l-Val. Supplementation of Ile improved breast meat yield. Good broiler growth and meat yield can be obtained with Gly and Glu supplementation in reduced-CP diets, which implies a need for nitrogen for the synthesis of nonessential AA.
Effects of Land-Induced Homicide on Conflicting Communities in Anambra State

Homicide is a moral act which is considered a murder when it is deliberate and premeditated; and which is punishable as a crime. There are categories of homicide cases which may include politically and socially motivated assassinations, abduction-fordeath killings, and election-related killings, killing in the course of armed robbery; and death resulting from inter/intra-communal conflicts mostly on land/boundary disputes, among others. This study focused on the effects of land-induced homicide on conflicting communities in Anambra State. A population size of 530 adult respondents was selected for the study. The population size was selected through the process of categorising the communities of the study into six social sub-groups. Qualitative data was also derived from both relevant and enlightened individuals from the communities of the study and from families of victims of homicide that resulted from violent land dispute. The instrument for the quantitative data was the questionnaire schedule; while qualitative data were collected through the use of Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KII) with individuals of victims’ families who were identified through snowball sampling procedure. The quantitative data collected from the field were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Land is an economic asset which controls everything about the business of a person, a community, a State or a Nation. The economic interest and attachment man has on the land or on the resources from the land can easily drive man to blindly go out of himself, to do anything possible in order to recover his land in a situation where some other person had encroached on the land. The study showed that encroachment and lack of proper boundary demarcation are the most common factors that lead to land conflict among communitiesin Anambra State. Key Words: Assassination, Conflict, Development, Homicide
THE EFFECTOF HYDROGEN SULFIDE-RELEASING NAPROXEN (A TB-346) VERSUS NAPROXEN ONFORMATION OFSTRESS-INDUCED GASTRIC LESIONS, THE REGULATION OFSYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION, HYPOXIA AND ALTERATIONS IN GASTRICMICROCIRCULATION

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), next to nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gaseous mediator involved in the mechanism of gastrointestinal (GI) integrity , gastroprotection and regulation of gastric microcirculation (1, 2). This molecule is produced in mammalian tissues by the enzymatic activity of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercapropyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) (3, 4). Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or naproxen is limited due to a potent gastrotoxic ef fects exerted by these compounds (5). Therefore, to counteract these GI side ef f cts of NSAIDs, the gaseous mediators-releasing derivatives of these drugs were developed including an H2S-releasing naproxen (A TB-346), an H2Sreleasing aspirin, NO and H 2S-releasing aspirin hybrids (6, 8). Some of these novel compounds were shown to exert lower gastrotoxicity as compared with parent drugs (8, 9). Moreover , the intragastric administration of H 2S or CO releasing compounds JOURNALOF PHYSIOLOGYAND PHARMACOLOGY 2017, 68, 5, 749-756
Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene of E. coli and Salmonella Kentucky Isolated from Turkeys in Egypt

| This study aimed to determine the extent of possibility of apparently healthy turkeys being reservoirs for the pathogenic strains of E. coli and Salmonella kentucky. A total 150 cloacal swab samples from apparently healthy turkeys from Gharbia governorate, Egypt were investigated bacteriologically and biochemically. The overall prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella Kentucky were 55 (36.67%) and 4 (2.7%) respectively. The Congo red binding assay results revealed 10 pathogenic E. coli isolates out of 55 (18.18%). The antibiotic sensitivity test revealed E-coli and S.kentucky isolates were 100% resistant to β-Lactames (ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic, cefaclor and ceftazidime) while being 100% sensitive to Carbapenem (imipenem). E-coli and S.kentucky Isolates were 100% and 75% resistant to Phenicols (chloramphenicol), 60% and 75% resistant to Fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin), 50% and 50% resistant to Aminoglycoside (gentamicin) while being 10% and 25% resistant to Macrolides (azithromycin) respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied on E. coli and Salmonella isolates to detect resistance gene (blaTEM, blaOXA, floR, aadB and qnrA). All isolates were revealed to express these multi-drug resistant genes by (100%), (0%), (100%), (100%) and (0%) respectively. Our results concluded that turkeys could be a reservoir for resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. , resulting in economic and public health problems which require the development of strategies to reduce and control the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance especially in apparent health turkey flocks.
Herpetofaunal Drift-fence Surveys of Steephead Ravines in the Florida Panhandle

Abstract Herpetofauna of steephead ravines in the Blackwater and Yellow River drainages, Okaloosa or Santa Rosa County, FL, were surveyed using funnel traps along drift fences. Nineteen amphibian and 24 reptile species in seven steephead ravine sites were documented during 165 days of trapping. Amphibian or reptile species composition was most similar between steephead ravines in the Blackwater and northern Yellow River systems, which were in close proximity. Ravines in the northern Yellow River system, however, were unique in apparently lacking Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus sp.). Herpetofaunal species composition among ravines was somewhat similar to that found in ravines farther east in the Apalachicola and Ochlockonee River drainages, but 12 species were trapped only in Ochlockonee–Apalachicola ravines and 13 species only in Blackwater–Yellow ravines. The first month of trapping experienced heavy rainfall from Hurricane Georges and produced 76% of all captures of Pseudotriton ruber (Red Salamanders) and three aquatic salamander species. Amphibian captures, particularly salamanders, were correlated positively with precipitation. The most productive trapping months were April, June, and August for anurans; February and October for salamanders; and April and June for reptiles. Mean recapture rates were 8.6% for anurans, 6.8% for salamanders, 52.2% for turtles, 17.3% for lizards, and 9.8% for snakes. Data were collected on some little-known species: Rana okaloosae (Florida Bog Frog), Amphiuma pholeter (One-toed Amphiuma), and Siren cf. intermedia (“Least” Siren). Potential threats to ravine herpetofauna are logging, water pollution, groundwater use, stream siltation from dirt roads and cleared lands, stream impoundment, recreational use, trash dumping, Sus scrofa (feral hogs), and management of adjacent upland habitat.
BB-UNet: U-Net With Bounding Box Prior

Medical image segmentation is the process of anatomically isolating organs for analysis and treatment. Leading works within this domain emerged with the well-known U-Net. Despite its success, recent works have shown the limitations of U-Net to conduct segmentation given image particularities such as noise, corruption or lack of contrast. Prior knowledge integration allows to overcome segmentation ambiguities. This paper introduces BB-UNet (Bounding Box U-Net), a deep learning model that integrates location as well as shape prior onto model training. The proposed model is inspired by U-Net and incorporates priors through a novel convolutional layer introduced at the level of skip connections. The proposed architecture helps in presenting attention kernels onto the neural training in order to guide the model on where to look for the organs. Moreover, it fine-tunes the encoder layers based on positional constraints. The proposed model is exploited within two main paradigms: as a solo model given a fully supervised framework and as an ancillary model, in a weakly supervised setting. In the current experiments, manual bounding boxes are fed at inference and as such BB-Unet is exploited in a semi-automatic setting; however, BB-Unet has the potential of being part of a fully automated process, if it relies on a preliminary step of object detection. To validate the performance of the proposed model, experiments are conducted on two public datasets: the SegTHOR dataset which focuses on the segmentation of thoracic organs at risk in computed tomography (CT) images, and the Cardiac dataset which is a mono-modal MRI dataset released as part of the Decathlon challenge and dedicated to segmentation of the left atrium. Results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in fully supervised learning frameworks and registers relevant results given the weakly supervised domain.
Factors Influencing Intention to Use Social Media Sites for Holiday Destination Selection by the Young Generation

The main objective of the study was to examine the factors that influence attitude towards usage of social media for holiday destination selection by the young generation, specifically university students and to explore the antecedents of behavioural intention to use social media sites. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data for this study, yielding a total of 350 responses suitable for analysis. Regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that social presence, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment all positively influence attitude towards use of social media sites. Revealed by the results also is that perceived behavioural control, subjective norm and attitude also positively influence behavioural intention. Social media developers should develop sites, which are attractive, fun and exciting so that the young generation can be attracted. Moreover, destination marketers must ensure that all the important information is posted on their social media sites pages. Studies have been conducted on the usage of social media sites for searching travel related products, but limited research has been done focusing specifically on the usage of these sites by the young generation, such as university students in the South African context.
The complex of Arl2‐GTP and PDEδ: from structure to function

Arf‐like (Arl) proteins are close relatives of the Arf regulators of vesicular transport, but their function is unknown. Here, we present the crystal structure of full‐length Arl2‐GTP in complex with its effector PDEδ solved in two crystal forms (Protein Data Bank codes 1KSG, 1KSH and 1KSJ). Arl2 shows a dramatic conformational change from the GDP‐bound form, which suggests that it is reversibly membrane associated. PDEδ is structurally closely related to RhoGDI and contains a deep empty hydrophobic pocket. Further experiments show that H‐Ras, Rheb, Rho6 and Gαi1 interact with PDEδ and that, at least for H‐Ras, the intact C‐terminus is required. We suggest PDEδ to be a specific soluble transport factor for certain prenylated proteins and Arl2‐GTP a regulator of PDEδ‐mediated transport.
Biogeography of aquatic microbes

Aquatic microbes, like all organisms, have biogeographies, but this subject has attracted relatively little attention. In this review, recent results exploiting techniques of molecular biology are summarized to place in perspective the studies of this Theme Section. The studies considered concern large-scale patterns of spatial distribution among heterotrophic planktonic prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. For freshwater bacterioplankton communities, reported patterns are inconsistent. Taxonomic richness may increase with system size, and composition may be related among neighboring bodies of water. However, inconsistencies in patterns may be due to differences in the temporal and spatial scales considered. Among planktonic marine prokaryotes, biogeographic patterns are known only in terms of high level groups, e.g. Archea are perhaps dominant in deep oceanic waters. However, studies of large-scale patterns have just begun and they suggest that some ribotypes or species may be restricted to certain oceanic areas. Eukaryotic microbes appear to characterised by high capacities for both dispersal and gene flow. Recent studies appear to conclude that we can form morphological, genetic and physiological groupings but their inter-relationships are obscure at this point in time.
Factors Influencing Occupancy of Breeding Ponds in a Montane Amphibian Assemblage

Abstract We analyzed relationships between presence and absence of seven amphibian species and characteristics of breeding ponds (physical, vegetation, substrate, spatial and surrounding habitat variables) at a protected montane area in Central Spain. We used classification trees for description and prediction of amphibian selection of breeding sites. Some factors identified in our models represent general preferences of the species, whereas others are consistent with demographic processes, including recent expansions and local declines of some species, that had been previously detected in the area. We discuss implications of a detailed knowledge of local habitat determinants for conservation.