Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2 3 5 7 9 13 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

The last decade has seen a dramatic growth in the use of constraint solvers as a computational mechanism, not only for analysis and synthesis of software, but also at runtime. Solvers are available for a variety of logics but are generally restricted to first-order formulas. Some tasks, however, most notably those involving synthesis, are inherently higher order; these are typically handled by embedding a first-order solver (such as a SAT or SMT solver) in a domain-specific algorithm. Using strategies similar to those used in such algorithms, we show how to extend a first-order solver (in this case Kodkod, a model finder for relational logic used as the engine of the Alloy Analyzer) so that it can handle quantifications over higher-order structures. The resulting solver is sufficiently general that it can be applied to a range of problems; it is higher order, so that it can be applied directly, without embedding in another algorithm; and it performs well enough to be competitive with specialized tools on standard benchmarks. Although the approach is demonstrated for a particular relational logic, the principles behind it could be applied to other first-order solvers. Just as the identification of first-order solvers as reusable backends advanced the performance of specialized tools and simplified their architecture, factoring out higher-order solvers may bring similar benefits to a new class of tools.
Energy Spectrum Measured by the Telescope Array Surface Detectors

Located in the west desert of Utah, USA, the Telescope Array experiment is the largest ultra-high energy cosmic ray observatory in the northern hemisphere. It consists of two types of detectors: scintillator surface detectors (SDs) and air fluorescence detectors (FDs). A total of 507 SDs consisting of two-layer plastic scintillation counters is deployed with 1.2 km spacing, making measurements over an area of approximately 700 km2. There are 3 FD stations, having 38 fluorescence telescopes viewing 3°–31°in elevation, overlooking the SD array. In this work, we update the Telescope Array energy spectrum as measured by the SD array for 14 years. We verify the linearity in TA SD energy reconstruction using three different energy comparisons: Monte Carlo comparison, FD/SD comparison, and Constant Intensity Cut method. The spectral features of ankle, softening, and GZK cutoff are seen in 14 years of TA SD data. Also, we consistently observe that the cutoff energy depends on declination.
Toward Regression-Based Estimation of Localization Errors in Fingerprinting-Based Localization

Location information is a valuable source of context that can be utilized by end-user applications and wireless networks to optimize their performance and usability. When used, location information should ideally be considered jointly with the estimate of its accuracy. Most of the current approaches for estimating the accuracy rely on performing a static performance benchmark of a localization solution in a deployment environment, which fails to capture the dynamic nature of the environment. We address this problem for fingerprinting-based localization by grounding the estimation of localization errors on the low-level features, i.e. the RSS values from APs used in fingerprinting. We use these low-level features measured at different locations in an environment, as well as their respective localization errors, to train different regression models, allowing us to predict the localization errors at new locations, given new observed values of the low-level features at these locations. Our evaluation results show substantially better performance of the proposed regression-based estimation of localization errors compared to static performance benchmarks.
Characterization of high-temperature superconductors by AC susceptibility measurements

A magnetic field harmonically varying in time (to probe the sample) and a lock-in technique (to register the sample response sensed by a pick-up coil) are widely used for characterizing superconductors. Measuring the temperature dependence of the complex AC susceptibility is the most common procedure of this type. This paper reviews these techniques, introducing in addition the complex AC susceptibility, the so-called `wide-band AC susceptibility'. The latter quantity refers to the magnetic flux and often offers an easier meeting between theory and experiment. Starting from models for linear flux diffusion, reversible screening, volume and surface flux pinning and the intermediate regime in a type II superconductor, the expressions for the complex AC susceptibility in different cases are presented and compared with those derived for the wide-band AC susceptibility. Derivation of the basic physical properties of high- superconducting materials from the AC data (resistivity, critical temperatures and fields, London and Campbell penetration depths, critical current density, granularity and content of superconducting phase, irreversibility line, pinning potential) is then thoroughly discussed.
DOE, formulation, and optimization of Repaglinide nanostructured lipid carriers

Shady A. Swidan1*, Zeinab N. Mansour2, Zeinab A. Mourad2, Nahla A. Elhesaisy2, Nada A. Mohamed2, Mohamed S. Bekheet2, Mohamed A. Badawy2, Mai M. Elsemeiri2, Aya E. Elrefaey2, Amera M. Hassaneen2 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Egypt. 2Undergraduate student of the 5th year, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Egypt.
A Mechanistic Study of Micro RNA 21 Induced Hepatic Fibrosis and Use Of Sparstolonin B In Remediation Of Environmental NAFLD

Hepatic fibrosis in NASH is the common pathophysiologic process resulting from chronic liver inflammation and oxidative stress. Though significant research has been carried out on the role of leptin induced NADPH oxidase in fibrogenesis, the molecular mechanisms that connect leptin-NADPH oxidase axis in upregulation of TGF-β signaling has been unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of leptin mediated upregulation of NADPH oxidase and its subsequent induction of miR21 in fibrogenesis. Human NASH livers and a high fat (60% kCal) diet fed chronic mouse model where hepatotoxin bromodichloromethane was used to induce NASH, were used for this study. To prove the role of Leptin-NADPH oxidase-miR21 axis, mouse deficient in genes for leptin, p47phox
The Response of Ozone to Solar Proton Events During Solar Cycle 21' A Theoretical Interpretation

Substantial ozone decreases at the stratopause and in the Mesosphere have now been observed by instruments on the NIMBUS 7 solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) and Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) satellites during solar proton events (SPE's) of solar cycle 21. Since the ozone depletion was only observed during the SPE's, we believe that increased production of short-lived HOx species by protons is responsible for the depletion. We find that one-dimensional time-dependent model calculations are close to agreement with the two satellite instrument measurements in the upper stratosphere and lower Mesosphere only when the observed ozone decrease as a function of altitude is used in our model calculations. Most of the ozone depletion between 2 and 0.5 mbar (∼45 and 55 km) was caused not by direct particle effects, but by the large ozone decreases at higher altitudes allowing increased penetration of ultraviolet to lower than normal altitudes. Our calculations are qualitatively in agreement with the SBUV measurements but tend to underestimate the ozone depletion for pressure levels between 1 and 0.3 mbar (∼50 and 60 km). The calculated ozone depletions at 0.5 and 0.3 mbar (∼55 and 60 km) agree fairly well with the observations of SME. The strong solar zenith angle (SZA) dependent depletion that was observed is predicted by the model. Larger SZA's generally reflected larger ozone depletions. However, for SZA's greater than 84° during the July 13, 1982, SPE an ozone decrease less than the ozone decrease at 84° SZA and 1 mbar (∼50 km) was predicted by theory and observed in SBUV data. Similar behavior was observed in three other SPE's. As far as we know, this ozone response is the first reported evidence for the much discussed self-healing effect.
Studying the Use of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation as a Shallow Stabilization Alternative to Treat Expansive Soils

vii LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF FIGURES . xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND . 1 Problem and Possible Solution . 1 MICP Background . 2 Applications of MICP . 4 MICP Methods . 5 Research Objectives . 7 Research Tasks.8 Organization of the Thesis . 9 CHAPTER TWO: EVALUATING SHALLOW MIXING PROTOCOLS AS APPLICATION METHODS FOR MICROBIAL INDUCED CALCITE PRECIPITATION TARGETING EXPANSIVE SOIL TREATMENT . 11 Abstract . 11.1
Historical Earthquake Damage to Tunnels in Japan and Case Studies of Railway Tunnels in the 2004 Niigataken-Chuetsu Earthquake

This paper provides a historical outline of the damage that mountain tunnels in Japan have sustained because of earthquakes. Presented as a series of brief case studies, four major earthquakes are described in terms of their location, magnitude, and resulting damage. Results of classifying the damage patterns shows three types: damage to shallow tunnels, damage to tunnels in poor geological condition, and damage to tunnels due to fault slide. A fourth type, involving structural defects in the tunnel lining, is also discussed. The paper concludes with a brief look at countermeasures that are being planned to prevent earthquake damage to tunnels in the future.
A Theoretical Model of Executive Voluntary Turnover

For the current organizations, retaining executive members is one of the most important functions of human resource management. Given that importance, although executives’ mobility becomes prevalent, most prior studies tended to focus on involuntary turnover of executive members. To fill this gap, the current theoretical paper suggests a model of executive voluntary turnover, drawing on the lierature of employee mobility and entrepreneurship. First, running a new business as a CEO negatively affects prior-firm performance, but collaboration between two firms mitigate the negative association. Second, spin-off positively affects prior-firm performance, but this is weakened as spin-off firm performance decreases. Finally, moving to a competitor negatively, while moving to a collaborator positively affects prior-firm performance.
Research on Supersonic Combustion and Scramjet Combustors at ONERA

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Research on Supersonic Combustion and Scramjet Combustors at ONERA D. Scherrer, O. Dessornes, M. Ferrier, A. Vincent-Randonnier, Y. Moule, V. Sabel’Nikov
SN 2009md: another faint supernova from a low-mass progenitor

We present adaptive optics imaging of the core-collapse supernova (SN) 2009md, which we use together with archival Hubble Space Telescope data to identify a coincident progenitor candidate. We find the progenitor to have an absolute magnitude of V=-4.63+0.3-0.4 mag and a colour of V-I= 2.29+0.25-0.39 mag, corresponding to a progenitor luminosity of log L/Ls˜ 4.54 ± 0.19 dex. Using the stellar evolution code STARS, we find this to be consistent with a red supergiant progenitor with M= 8.5+6.5-1.5 Ms. The photometric and spectroscopic evolution of SN 2009md is similar to that of the class of sub-luminous Type IIP SNe; in this paper we compare the evolution of SN 2009md primarily to that of the sub-luminous SN 2005cs. We estimate the mass of 56Ni ejected in the explosion to be (5.4 ± 1.3) × 10-3 Ms from the luminosity on the radioactive tail, which is in agreement with the low 56Ni masses estimated for other sub-luminous Type IIP SNe. From the light curve and spectra, we show the SN explosion had a lower energy and ejecta mass than the normal Type IIP SN 1999em. We discuss problems with stellar evolutionary models, and the discrepancy between low observed progenitor luminosities (log L/Ls˜4.3-5 dex) and model luminosities after the second dredge-up for stars in this mass range, and consider an enhanced carbon burning rate as a possible solution. In conclusion, SN 2009md is a faint SN arising from the collapse of a progenitor close to the lower mass limit for core collapse. This is now the third discovery of a low-mass progenitor star producing a low-energy explosion and low 56Ni ejected mass, which indicates that such events arise from the lowest end of the mass range that produces a core-collapse SN (7-8 Ms).
A global view of the extratropical tropopause transition layer from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer O3, H2O, and CO

[1] The global behavior of the extratropical tropopause transition layer (ExTL) is investigated using O 3 , H 2 O, and CO measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on Canada's SCISAT-1 satellite obtained between February 2004 and May 2007. The ExTL depth is derived using H 2 0-0 3 and CO-0 3 correlations. The ExTL top derived from H 2 0-0 3 shows an increase from roughly 1-1.5 km above the thermal tropopause in the subtropics to 3-4 km (2.5-3.5 km) in the north (south) polar region, implying somewhat weaker troposphere-stratosphere-transport in the Southern Hemisphere. The ExTL bottom extends ∼1 km below the thermal tropopause, indicating a persistent stratospheric influence on the troposphere at all latitudes. The ExTL top derived from the CO-0 3 correlation is lower, at 2 km or ∼345 K (1.5 km or ∼335 K) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. Its annual mean coincides with the relative temperature maximum just above the thermal tropopause. The vertical CO gradient maximizes at the thermal tropopause, indicating a local minimum in mixing within the tropopause region. The seasonal changes in and the scales of the vertical H 2 O gradients show a similar pattern as the static stability structure of the tropopause inversion layer (TIL), which provides observational support for the hypothesis that H 2 O plays a radiative role in forcing and maintaining the structure of the TIL.
Towards Sustainable Organizations: Supervisor Support, Commitment to Change and the Mediating Role of Organizational Identification

According to psychology of sustainability, healthy organizations conduct successful businesses, regenerate employees’ belongingness, and promote organizational and individual growth and change. In line with this assumption, this study investigates: a) The relation between perceived supervisor support and the affective, normative, and continuance components of commitment to change (CtC), and b) the mediating role of organizational identification on the relation between perceived supervisor support and components of CtC. Participants were 243 employees of a company that, in order to introduce a new organizational vision, was implementing multiple change initiatives. Results show the direct effect of perceived supervisor support on affective and normative CtC, the partial mediating effect of organizational identification on affective and normative CtC, and the full mediating effect on continuance CtC. Such results extend previous studies and are in line with the assumptions of the psychology of sustainability: Supervisor support can be considered as a primary preventive intervention that increases employees’ belongingness and encourages them to commit to change initiatives.
Trace Determination of Germanium by Continuous Flow Hydride Generation Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectrometry

Abstract A continuous flow hydride generation laser-induced fluorescence (HG-LIF) spectrometry technique has been investigated for performing trace determination of germanium (Ge). Hydride generation of Ge is performed using reagent concentrations of 2 M H3PO4 and 0.5% NaBH4 and fluorescence detection is performed using tunable dye laser radiation at 253.323 nm for Ge excitation with fluorescence measured at 303.907 nm. The HG-LIF approach provides a linear response for Ge in the concentration range from 1.0 to 50 ng mL−1 and a limit of detection of 0.1 ng mL−1. Replicate measurements at 10 ng mL−1 have a relative standard deviation of 0.1% (n = 8). Measurements of Ge in different sample matrices have demonstrated the effectiveness of thiourea and ascorbic acid as masking agents that compensate for samples containing interfering ions. The determinations of the Ge content in reference water samples, fly ash samples, and supplement capsules demonstrate that the HG-LIF approach has feasibility for measuring Ge in different sample matrices at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Planning and Control of Anthropomorphic Robotic Hands using Synergies

—In this work we present a method for the generation of hand postural synergies for a series of precision grasp types to be used in dextrous robot hands. Our method records the robot hand motions while teleoperated by human subjects via a dataglove, doing different grasp types on a series of objects. This exploits the fact that humans automatically compensate for calibration errors on the glove to robot mapping. The method is applied to the Shadow Robot Hand and to the iCub Hand. Despite the hands having a signiﬁcantly different number of actuators, our analysis demonstrates that the effective number of degrees-of-freedom of the tested precision grasps is lower than the number of actuators in both hands. Therefore, the existing actuators are enough to drive the hands with realistic human-like postures and in-hand movements. In line with previous works on general grasp synergies, our work conﬁrms that human precision grasps also lie on low-dimensional spaces.
Early Liquid and Gas Phase Hypergolic Reactions between Monomethylhydrazine and Nitrogen Tetroxide or Red Fuming Nitric Acid

ABSTRACT Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) fuel and nitrogen tetroxide (NTO)-based oxidizers embody the state of the art for hypergolic propellants. Despite their wide use, a detailed understanding of the full reaction chemistry between MMH and NTO, from early liquid phase reactions to ignition in the gas phase, is lacking. The gas phase reactions are relatively well understood with several spectroscopic techniques well suited to probe gaseous reaction zones and numerous computational chemistry studies supporting the experimental data. The present paper focuses on the early liquid phase reactions with a method devoted to the determination of Arrhenius preexponential factors and activation energies for global, single-step liquid phase chemical reaction models for MMH-NTO and MMH-red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) systems. Using a temperature and atmosphere controlled droplet contact chamber, the liquid phase induction delay times of MMH-RFNA and MMH-NTO were examined by capturing drop on drop tests at frame rates from 100,000 to 500,000 fps. Results indicate induction delays on the order of 30–100 microseconds and 10–40 microseconds for MMH-RFNA and MMH-NTO, respectively, and distinct reaction rate parameters for both pairs of propellants.
Comparison of Outcome of Bleeding with Single and Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Beating Heart Surgery

Objective: To compare the outcome of Bleeding with Single and Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Beating Heart Surgery Methodology: A total of 102 cases between 25 to 60 years, of either gender, advised CABG procedure and suitable for beating heart surgery were included in the study. Whereas those with known bleeding diathesis, not suitable candidate for beating heart surgery and with concomitant valvular heart disease were excluded from the study. These cases were enrolled through wards of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Three groups were formed A,B and C. Group-A was assigned to DAPT, Group-B was SAPT (single anti platelet therapy) and Group ”C” was on DAPT that is ASPRIN 75 mg and CLOPIDOGREL 75mg till the time of surgery. Control group A was compared with group B (SAPT) and group C (DAPT) for bleeding risk. The indications of blood products transfusion was assessed by baseline HCT platelet counts, PT and APTT. The CABG was carried out through a full sternotomy incision, under general anesthesia by using routine cardio protective measures and surgical techniques. Operating surgeon decided for on pump or off pump CABG. All patients were assessed and managed in ICU after Coronary artery bypass grafting. Duty doctor and anesthetist decided about transfusion of any allogenic blood product. Transfusion decision was made on the basis of routine laboratory values of APTT, ACT, and INR of PT, as well as on Hb. and HCT levels. Moreover, the need of non-self blood products was predicted. Results: In our study, mean age was calculated as 52.65+7.48 years, 50.32+5.68 years and 48.47+5.96 years respectively, 61.76%(n=21) in Group-A, 52.94%(n=18) in Group-B and 44.12%(n=15) in Group-C were male whereas 38.24%(n=13) in Group-A, 38.24%(n=16) in Group-B and 55.88%(n=19) in Group-C were females, comparison of Perioperative blood loss as 597.29+129.26 in Group-A, 643.18+65.42 in Group-B and 654.70+59.16 in Group-C, p value was 0.02. Conclusion: We concluded that Dual Antiplatelet Therapy have more chances of Peri-Operative bleeding as compare to heparin only or Single Antiplatelet Therapy in Coronary artery bypasses grafting on Beating heart. However, it has advantage of short pre procedure stay, reduced chances of ischemic events, less chance of canula related cellulitis and less chances of HIT. Whereas the cases administered with Heparin alone are having a greater chance of canula related cellulitis, expensive, prolonged pre procedure hospital stay with increased chances of HIT (Heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Keywords: CABG , Perioperative bleeding, Dual Antiplatelet Therapy, Single Antiplatelet Therapy
Effect of low gas velocity on the nanoparticle collection performance of an electrostatic precipitator

ABSTRACT Gas velocity is a critical operational variable in the electrostatic precipitation process. However, studies concerning the collection of nanoparticles have ignored the effect of low gas velocities. Therefore, the aim of this work was to use a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator to investigate the effects of atypical gas velocities under different electric fields on the efficiency. Increasing of both variables enhanced the efficiency, under the conditions used. Unusual behaviors of the grade efficiency curves were associated with diffusional effects. The experimental overall efficiency data were compared with the Deutsch model, and effective migration velocity curves with maximum points were obtained.