Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Existence of optimal norm-conserving pseudopotentials for Kohn-Sham models

In this article, we clarify the mathematical framework underlying the construction of norm-conserving semilocal pseudopotentials for Kohn-Sham models, and prove the existence of optimal pseudopotentials for a family of optimality criteria. Most of our results are proved for the Hartree (also called reduced Hartree-Fock) model, obtained by setting the exchange-correlation energy to zero in the Kohn-Sham energy functional. Extensions to the Kohn-Sham LDA (local density approximation) model are discussed.
Parallel developments in floral adaptations to obligate moth pollination mutualism in tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae)

﻿Abstract Several groups within tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae) formed, independently, an (obligate) pollination mutualism with Epicephala moths, which originally had been parasitic. In this pollination system, female moths actively collect pollen from staminate flowers and deposit it on the stigma of pistillate flowers, after which they place at least one egg in or against the ovary. The high pollination rate makes the system beneficial for the plants, whereas the larvae are provided with food (part of the developing seeds) and some protection against predation. Qualitative comparisons are made between non-moth-pollinated lineages, used as outgroups and various, independently moth-pollinated Phyllantheae clades, used as ingroups, thereby looking for parallel developments. The flowers of both sexes of various groups display similar, convergent morphological adaptations to the pollination system, likely to secure the obligate relationship and to improve efficiency. Sepals in both sexes, free or partly to highly connate, are commonly upright and form a narrow tube. The staminate flowers often have united, vertical stamens with the anthers along the androphore or on top of the androphore. Pistillate flowers generally reduce the stigmatic surface, either by making the stigmas shorter or by uniting them into a cone with a small opening at the top for pollen deposition. Less obvious is the reduction of the stigmatic papillae; these are often present in non-moth-pollinated taxa, but absent in the moth-pollinated species. The most diverging, parallel adaptations to moth pollination are currently found in the Palaeotropics, whereas in the Neotropics, some groups continue to also be pollinated by other insect groups and are morphologically less changed.
Management of water stress through furrow opening technique in soybean for yield enhancement

Various furrow opening techniques in combination with soybean varieties were tried for management of water stress at Regional Research Centre, Dr. PDKV, Amravati during 2008–2011. The study revealed that although furrow opening after three rows was similar with others in terms of number of branches, pods and test weight yet, the above treatment showed significantly higher seed yield (1385 kg/ha), gross (INR 28384/ha), net monetary returns (INR 16884/ha) and B:C ratio (2.46) over the furrow opening after 6 rows, 9 rows and flat sowing. Different soybean varieties and interaction effects involving furrow opening and varieties were found to be non-significant.
A comparison of standardized methods for predicting the hazards of whole-body vibration and repeated shocks

Methods of measuring, evaluating and assessing whole-body vibration and repeated shock are offered in ISO 2631 (1974, 1985), BS 6841 (1987), and ISO 2631 (1997). This paper presents a comparison of guidance on the health effects of vibration and repeated shock given in these standards. International Standard 2631 (1974, 1985) offered a set of exposure limits. British Standard 6841 (1987) defines a measurement and evaluation procedure (based on frequency weightings and the vibration dose value, VDV), gives an action level that can be used to assess vibration severity, and mentions some appropriate actions (consideration of the fitness of exposed persons, design of safety precautions, regular health checks). International Standard 2631 (1997) is unclear in several important areas: which body postures and axes are to be assessed; whether evaluations of multi-axis vibration should be based on the "worst axis" or a combination of the frequency-weighted acceleration in all axes; why a new frequency weighting, W k , is proposed for vertical vibration when it is almost within the error tolerance of an existing weighting, W b ; why a 1·4 multiplying factor is used to evaluate vibration with respect to health but not with respect to comfort; how to choose between different time-dependencies (overall r.m.s., VDV, running r.m.s., and no time-dependency); allowing use of either the maximum value of a running r.m.s. (i.e., MTVV) or the VDV; allowing different averaging periods when calculating the MTVV; using the crest factor to choose between r.m.s. and either the VDV or MTVV methods; defining two inconsistent criteria for deciding whether to use either the VDV or MTVV methods; giving no guidance on how MTVV values should be assessed; including two very different "health guidance caution zones" (for interpreting r.m.s. and VDV measures); providing ambiguous wording for the health guidance caution zones. Very different conclusions can be reached according to what is measured, how the vibration is evaluated and how it is assessed according to ISO 2631 (1997). However, even though it employs a slightly different frequency weighting for vertical vibration, and a 1·4 multiplying factor for horizontal vibration, ISO 2631 (1997) can be interpreted so as to provide evaluations similar to those made according to BS 6841 (1987). It is concluded that the recently revised International Standard for measuring, evaluating and assessing human exposures to vibration and shock will cause unnecessary confusion. © 1998 Academic Press.
Profiler Contributions to Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Ground Validation Field Campaigns

Abstract Doppler radar profilers are widely used for routine measurement of wind, especially in the lower troposphere. The same profilers with minor modifications are useful tools for precipitation research. Specifically, the profilers are now increasingly being used to explore the structure of precipitating cloud systems and to provide calibration and validation of other instruments used in precipitation research, including scanning radars and active and passive satellite-borne sensors. A vertically directed profiler is capable of resolving the vertical structure of precipitating cloud systems that pass overhead. Standard profiler measurements include reflectivity, reflectivity-weighted Doppler velocity, and spectral width. This paper presents profiler observations of precipitating cloud systems observed during Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Ground Validation field campaigns. The observations show similarities and differences between convective systems observed in Florida; Brazil; and Kwajale.
Effect of dislocation walls on the polarization switching of a ferroelectric single crystal

Phase field simulations were conducted to study the influence of dislocation walls on the domain configuration and polarization switching behavior of a ferroelectric single crystal. The simulation results show that the domain configuration and polarization switching behavior depend highly on the dislocation spacing in the dislocation wall. The ferroelectric properties can be greatly improved by reducing the coercive field and meanwhile enhancing the remanent polarization if an appropriate density of dislocations is introduced at high temperature. The phase field simulations also put insights into the mechanism of polarization switching.
Fatou's Theorem for Symmetric Spaces: I

and Fatou's theorem is the assertion that, as r tends to 1, h tends to f almost everywhere. If the disc and the circle are viewed as homogeneous spaces of the group SL(2, R), the setting for this theorem may be generalized as follows. Let G be any connected non-compact semi-simple Lie group with finite center, and let K be a maximal compact subgroup. G/K is the symmetric space of G, and a complex-valued function on GIK is harmonic if it is annihilated by every G-invariant differential operator on G/K. In [3] Furstenberg exhibited a Poisson integral formula for the bounded harmonic functions on GIK, and he generalized his results to positive harmonic functions as part of [4]. Furstenberg knew that the boundary (analogous to the circle) was a homogeneous space of G (and actually of K), and he wrote the Poisson kernel as Radon-Nikodym derivatives of the action of G on the K-invariant measure on the boundary. Moore [9] identified the boundary explicitly, and a concrete formula for the kernel followed from calculations of Harish-Chandra in [5]. Now a symmetric space admits polar coordinates, in which the radial direction is indexed by a cone in a euclidean space and the other coordinate is indexed by the boundary. A theorem of Fatou type would say that, as the radial coordinate tends to co in some fashion, the Poisson integral of an integrable function on the boundary tends to the function at almost every point of the boundary. Theorems of this sort are known in several special cases. In addition to
A competitive best-choice problem with Poisson arrivals

Two competitors observe a Poisson stream of offers. The offers are independent and identically distributed random variables from some continuous distribution. Each of the competitors wishes to accept one offer in the interval [0, T] and each aims to select an offer larger than that of his competitor. Offers are observed sequentially and decisions to accept or reject must be made when the offers arrive. Optimal strategies and winning probabilities are obtained for the competitors under a priorized decision scheme. The time of first offer acceptance is also analyzed. In all cases the asymptotic results are obtained.
Interacting with the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Language Model ChatGPT: A Synopsis of Earth Observation and Remote Sensing in Archaeology

In this communication we aim to provide an overview of Earth observation and remote sensing in archaeology following a non-traditional literature review approach, that is, investigating recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and language models. Towards this direction, the generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) language model was used to extract relevant information. The ChatGPT language model—recently released by OpenAI—appears to provide an alternative way for retrieving comprehensive information for various thematic topics. ChatGPT is currently operated on a beta version by millions of users worldwide, free of access for a limited period. In this study, specific queries related to Earth observation and remote sensing in archaeology were made by the authors to the ChatGPT. Innovations and limitations are discussed, while a comparison with traditional bibliographic analysis is performed.
Molecular phylogeny of Cercopidae (Hemiptera, Cercopoidea)

With 175 described genera and 1556 described species, Family Cercopidae is currently divided into two subfamilies: the paraphyletic Cercopinae and the monophyletic Ischnorhininae. This study, with emphasis on the family Cercopidae, is in line with the extensive work of Cryan and Svenson which is the first phylogenetic study testing the monophyly of this family and higher‐level relationships within Cercopoidea. This study includes more representative taxa from Old World regions. The results of the phylogenetic analysis based on DNA nucleotide sequence data (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone 3, and cytochrome oxidase I) show that Cercopidae is not monophyletic. Three major lineages are recovered: (1) the lineage Microsargane Fowler, 1897 + Hemitriecphora Lallemand, 1949 which is the sister group to Aphrophoridae + Epipygidae, (2) most of the Old World Cercopidae appear as a monophyletic lineage that can be subdivided into two clades, and (3) the monophyletic New World Ischnorhininae, which is separated from the rest of Cercopidae and basal to the two other lineages. It is proposed that Microsargane and Hemitriecphora should be removed from Cercopidae and placed within Aphrophoridae, and only the monophyletic Old World lineage should be kept as Cercopidae sensu stricto. The two subfamilies Cercopinae and Cosmoscartinae, corresponding respectively to the monophyletic lineage groups 2 and 3, should be kept with minimal changes on the tribal level, and the subfamily Ischnorhininae should be raised to family level Ischnorhinidae stat. nov.
Blood flow rates to leg bones of extinct birds indicate high levels of cursorial locomotion

Abstract. Foramina of bones are beginning to yield more information about metabolic rates and activity levels of living and extinct species. This study investigates the relationship between estimated blood flow rate to the femur and body mass among cursorial birds extending back to the Late Cretaceous. Data from fossil foramina are compared with those of extant species, revealing similar scaling relationships for all cursorial birds and supporting crown bird–like terrestrial locomotor activity. Because the perfusion rate in long bones of birds is related to the metabolic cost of microfracture repair due to stresses applied during locomotion, as it is in mammals, this study estimates absolute blood flow rates from sizes of nutrient foramina located on the femur shafts. After differences in body mass and locomotor behaviors are accounted for, femoral bone blood flow rates in extinct species are similar to those of extant cursorial birds. Femoral robustness is generally greater in aquatic flightless birds than in terrestrial flightless and ground-dwelling flighted birds, suggesting that the morphology is shaped by life-history demands. Femoral robustness also increases in larger cursorial bird taxa, probably associated with their weight redistribution following evolutionary loss of the tail, which purportedly constrains femur length, aligns it more horizontally, and necessitates increased robustness in larger species.
The role of green finance, eco-innovation, and creativity in the sustainable development goals of ASEAN countries

Recently, sustainable development has become a global requirement. Every country strives to achieve this essential goal, and this attracts the attention of researchers and policymakers. This study investigates the impact of green finance, eco-innovation, and creativity on the sustainable development goals in ASEAN countries. Using CUP-FM and CUP-BC techniques, the study examines the association between variables, and finds that green finance (such as green credit), renewable energy production, eco-innovation, and creativity, have positive associations with sustainable development goals. The control variable, economic growth, has a negative association with sustainable development goals. Based on the evidence, the ASEAN region must increase the quantity of green bonds as a part of green finance. This financial measure would guarantee adequate returns for private investors.
Testing the Effect of Relative Pollen Productivity on the REVEALS Model: A Validated Reconstruction of Europe-Wide Holocene Vegetation

Reliable quantitative vegetation reconstructions for Europe during the Holocene are crucial to improving our understanding of landscape dynamics, making it possible to assess the past effects of environmental variables and land-use change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and mitigating their effects in the future. We present here the most spatially extensive and temporally continuous pollen-based reconstructions of plant cover in Europe (at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°) over the Holocene (last 11.7 ka BP) using the ‘Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites’ (REVEALS) model. This study has three main aims. First, to present the most accurate and reliable generation of REVEALS reconstructions across Europe so far. This has been achieved by including a larger number of pollen records compared to former analyses, in particular from the Mediterranean area. Second, to discuss methodological issues in the quantification of past land cover by using alternative datasets of relative pollen productivities (RPPs), one of the key input parameters of REVEALS, to test model sensitivity. Finally, to validate our reconstructions with the global forest change dataset. The results suggest that the RPPs.st1 (31 taxa) dataset is best suited to producing regional vegetation cover estimates for Europe. These reconstructions offer a long-term perspective providing unique possibilities to explore spatial-temporal changes in past land cover and biodiversity.
QCD analysis of parton helicity distributions with HERMES SIDIS data

Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD) is now well established as the theory for strong interaction of quarks and gluon, which construct hadrons. QCD has the typical properties of “asymptotic freedom” and “color confinement”. The asymptotic freedom gives the peculiar feature that the quarks and gluon behave as free particles in high energy limit. Therefore in the high energy region the quark-gluon system can be investigated with perturbative QCD (pQCD). On the other hand, the color confinement says that the quarks and gluon never appear explicitly. Instead they emerge as a bound state hadron. The color confinement process is beyond the perturbative treatment of QCD. The experiments which include hadrons are inevitably accompanied by the problem of the color confinement if they are analyzed by QCD. However, in the high energy region, the color confinement problem can be avoided effectively by introducing parton distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions (FFs). The PDFs and FFs contain all the information of the structure of hadron as the composition of quarks and gluon. Therefore many kinds of high energy processes including hadrons can be comprehensively analyzed in the pQCD framework with the PDFs and FFs. The information of the inner structure of hadron can be approached through the PDFs and FFs. At first, in my thesis I summarize the general theoretical background which is needed for analyzing the high energy experiments in the pQCD framework. As an application of the framework, I analyzed the polarized hard processes, polarized deep inelastic scattering (polarized DIS) and polarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (polarized SIDIS). From the analysis I extracted the information on the spin structure of proton through polarized PDFs (helicity distribution functions) of the proton. The SIDIS process provides an effective way to distinguish the distributions of different quark species, which is not possible by the DIS alone without some additional assumptions. I included polarized SIDIS data published recently by HERMES in the analysis and investigated the description of the spin structure without the assumption.
Macroscopic description of arbitrary Knudsen number flow using Boltzmann–BGK kinetic theory

We derive, without approximation, a closed-form macroscopic equation for finite Knudsen number flow using the Boltzmann–BGK kinetic theory with constant relaxation time. This general closed-form equation is specialized into a compact integro-differential equation for time-dependent isothermal unidirectional flows and results are presented for channel flow. This equation provides a clear demonstration of the effects of finite Knudsen number, and it also illustrates the limitations of the Boltzmann–BGK theory with constant relaxation time and bounce-back boundary conditions.
Opportunities and Challenges in Human-Swarm Interaction: Systematic Review and Research Implications

—We conducted a Systematic Literature Review on scientific papers that examined the interaction between operators and drone swarms based on the use of a command and control center. We present the results of a meta-analysis of nine scientific papers published in the ACM DL and IEEE Xplore databases. Our findings show that research on human-drone swarm interaction shows a disproportionate interest in hand gestures compared to other input modalities for drone swarm control. Furthermore, all articles reviewed exclusively explored gestures and the size of the swarm used in the studies was limited, with a median of 3.0 and an average of 3.8 drones per study. We compiled an inventory of interaction modalities, recognition techniques, and application types from the scientific literature, which is presented in this paper. On the basis of our findings, we propose four areas for future research that can guide scientific investigations and practical developments in this field.
Transgenerational effects on body size and survival in Brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)

Higher temperatures are now observed in several ecosystems and act as new selective agents that shape traits and fitness of individuals. Transgenerational effects may be important in modulating adaptation of future generations and buffering negative impacts of temperature changes. The potential for these effects may be important in freshwater fish species, as temperature is a key abiotic component of their environment. Yet, still, relatively few studies have assessed the presence and importance of transgenerational effects under natural conditions. The purpose of this study was to test how parental thermal conditions influenced offspring growth and survival following stocking in Brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis). To do so, part of the breeders were exposed to a “cold” treatment while others were exposed to a “warm” treatment during the final steps of gonad maturation (constant 2°C difference between treatments along the seasonal temperature decrease). The impact on offspring of a selection treatment targeting production traits of interest (absence of sexual maturation at 1+, combined with increased growth) in breeders was also evaluated. After 7–8 months of growth in captivity, offspring were stocked in natural lakes. Their growth and survival were assessed about a year later. Offspring from “cold” breeders showed lower survival than those from “warm” breeders and the selection treatment had no effect on survival. However, the selection treatment was linked to lower Fulton's condition index, which, in turn, was positively correlated to survival in lakes. This study highlights the importance of working in ecological/industrial context to fully assess the different impacts of transgenerational effects on traits and survival. Our results also have important implications for stocking practices used to support the sport fishing industry.
Optimization of Open Canal Cross Sections by Differential Evolution Algorithm

Open canals are important water transfer structures used in water resources systems. As such, they may require substantial amount of investment depending on its length and cross section. Therefore, cross section design should be carried out on an optimization basis. Traditionally, optimal sizing of open canal cross sections are undertaken by nonlinear optimization techniques such as Lagrange Multipliers. In this study, optimum cross sections of different canal geometries are obtained using differential evolution algorithm and the findings of these exercises are compared with those of given in related literature. It is observed that differential evolution algorithm can be well applicable to the problem and capable of giving the global optima.