Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Asylum Walls: Tracing the Tapestry of Mental Health Interventions Across Eras and Cultures

This article offers an extensive review of the changing field of mental health therapies, charting a transformational path from traditional methods to modern breakthroughs and speculating on potential future developments. The story develops by investigating historical viewpoints while reflecting on the present and highlighting the lessons learned and their impact on contemporary practices. We have advanced from the stigmatized constraints of asylums to a paradigm that puts human rights, dignity, and individualized, culturally sensitive treatment first. Modern methods are much more varied and evidence-based, from cutting-edge technical advancements to evidence-based psychotherapies. The ethical considerations arising from the delicate balance of pharmacological therapies underline the responsibility of administering drugs that significantly affect mental health. Cultural factors become a pillar, highlighting how crucial cultural sensitivity is to promoting tolerance. By acknowledging how many facets of the human experience are interrelated, holistic methods help close the gap between the mind and body. Integrative medicine and alternative therapies represent a shift away from reductionist approaches and toward a holistic viewpoint. The delivery of mental health treatment is being reimagined by technological advancements, with virtual and digital environments opening up new access and support channels. These developments cut beyond regional boundaries, reinventing conventional therapy dynamics and paving the way for individualized therapies. Cultural concerns highlight the significance of cultural competency in navigating the complex mental health treatment system and adapting interventions to fit the particular requirements of various cultural contexts. With telepsychiatry, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence among the new technologies that promise to further revolutionize mental health therapies, the essay looks to the future. This review concludes by imagining a day when mental health is prioritized, therapies are available, and the diversity of human experience is valued. The path to a society that values, nurtures, and celebrates mental health continues.
Measurements of grain boundary networks in deep polar ice cores - A digital image processing approach

Ice covers a significant part of the Earth’s surface and is one key component of the global climate system. A thorough understanding of ice flow is crucial for modeling the response of ice sheets to past and upcoming climate changes. Glen’s law, a experimentally derived exponential relationship between stress and strain rate, is usually applied. However, it does not adequately capture microstructural changes observed for high total shear strains and long time scales which cannot be reproduced by laboratory experiments. Deep ice cores provide insights into the natural evolution of microstructure (grain boundary networks). Large sets of sublimation groove images, mapping grain boundaries in high resolution, are available along the EDML (East Antarctica) and NEEM (Greenland) ice cores. A digital image processing approach has been developed to derive grain size, grain shape, shape of grain boundaries, and density of sub-grain boundaries in a consistent way. An automatic assignment to c-axes orientation measurements allows estimating the error of calculated parameters. Depth profiles along both ice cores are presented and interpreted based on variations in impurity content, temperature differences, and involved time scales. Furthermore, the presence of effective negative pressures caused by air bubbles and clathrate hydrates is taken into account.
Reuse of Drainage Water for Irrigation: Results of Imperial Valley Study: I. Hypothesis, Experimental Procedures, and Cropping Results

An irrigation/cropping management strategy has been developed to facilitate the use of brackish waters for irrigation, with the goal of expanding the available water supply and minimizing the off-site pollution potential of drainage disposal. A field experiment conducted in the Imperial Valley of California to test the strategy has produced four years of cropping results. After seedling establishment, when the crops were in a sufficiently mature, salt-tolerant growth stage, brackish drainage water (Alamo River) was substituted for the normal water (Colorado River) to irrigate wheat and sugarbeets (in a successive crop rotation of wheat:sugarbeets:cantaloupes) and cotton (in a block rotation of cotton:cotton:wheat:alfalfa). A good stand was obtained under relatively low conditions of salinity by using Colorado River water for the preplant and early-season irrigations. The salt-sensitive crops in the rotations (cantaloupes and alfalfa) were irrigated with Colorado River water only. This procedure kept soil salinity within acceptable limits over time so that production and quality were sustained when the sensitive crops were grown on the same land. The high crop yields and qualities obtained in this field test support the validity of the recommended strategy.
Bacterial profile and extended spectrum beta lactamase screening of urinary tract infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women attending antenatal care in ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Introduction: The occurrence of extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing uropathogens, especially in pregnant women can result in life-threatening condition and morbidity for both the mother and the newborn due to very limited drug options for treatment of these pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial profile, associated factors, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and to identify extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing bacterial uropathogens. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2018 on a total of 177 pregnant women with and without symptoms of urinary tract infection at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. From these study participants, 72 have symptoms, whereas 105 have no symptoms. All urine samples were inoculated onto cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient medium and MacConkey agar. Colonies were counted to check the presence of significant bacteriuria. Pure isolates of bacterial pathogen were characterized and identified at species level by colony morphology, gram stain, and standard biochemical procedures. All Gram-negative isolates were put into Muller–Hinton agar plates for antibiotic susceptibility test by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Extended spectrum beta lactamase was detected using double-disk synergy methods on Muller–Hinton agar. The data were double entered into epidemiological Information system and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 26. Results: The overall proportion of urinary tract infection among pregnant women was 14.7% (n = 26/177). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant bacterial etiologic agent of urinary tract infection 26.9% (n = 7/26). The proportion of extended spectrum beta lactamase among Gram-negative isolates was 50% (n = 6/12). Among extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing isolates (100%), all are resistance to amikacin and gentamicin while intermediate level resistance rate of 66.7% was observed among trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole. They were susceptible for some limited drugs, and these were Nitrofurantoin (83.3%) and Chloramphenicol (83.3%). Conclusions: Majority of extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing isolates exhibited co-resistance to other commonly prescribed antibiotics. This indicates that the option of treatment for these pathogens rapidly decreased from time to time which results serious life-threatening conditions, especially in mother and newborn unless the appropriate measure is taken.
Fire impacts and crowning in the boreal forest: study of a large wildfire in western Quebec

Within the context of studying the ecological impacts of wildland fires in the boreal forest, a spatial analysis of a major wildfire was conducted. The fire covered nearly 500 km 2 in the north-western part of Quebec's boreal forest in the summer of 1995. The spatial distribution of different fire impacts on the forest canopy was obtained using timber damage assessment maps. Fire impacts varied throughout the burned area, ranging from areas where trees had completely burned crowns (43%) to remaining patches of trees with green foliage (3%). The effects of local stand and site factors on crown fire, as assessed by the fire impacts, were evaluated using geographic information systems. Despite the large extent and high intensity of the wildfire created by extreme fire weather conditions, stepwise logistic regression and analysis by log-linear models indicated that variations in surface material, stand composition, and estimated stand age played a role in the presence or absence of crowning at the stand level. However, it appears that height and density of stand, as well as topography, did not have a significant influence. Our study presents the variability of fire impacts and its implications, and it provides a better understanding of the relationships between landscape components and fire crowning.
Evaluation of pollution with some heavy metals for soils and plants
of agricultural Locations in Basrah province

To Evaluate the state of pollution with heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb), ten Locations with different chemical and physical properties were selected from the agricultural Locations of Basrah province: 1/Al-Qurna, 2/Al-Madina, 3/Al-Dair, 4/Al-Haritha, and 5/Karmat Ali (University). ), 6/ Al-Tanuma, 7/ Abu Al-Khasib, 8/ Al-Siba, 9/ Al-Faw and 10/ Al-Zubayr (Al-Burjisiya station) and a site was chosen for comparison, where soil samples were collected from agricultural Locations close to the source of pollution, while plant samples were collected from near and far from the source Pollution and the necessary analyzes were Carried out for the study. The results showed an increase in the concentration of total heavy metals in the soils of most of the study Locations, and they were polluted compared to the comparison treatment. The soils of most agricultural Locations exceeded the internationally permissible limits. The results indicated that the total average concentration of lead, Nickel, copper, chromium and zinc in the Hartha area (the fourth site) was 615.88, 165.55, 390.40, 48.45, 465.83 mg kg-1 soil sequentially, which is higher compared to the average concentration in other agricultural sites, as well as the concentrations of heavy metals increased (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn) in plants grown in locations close from the source of pollution. The concentrations of these elements decreased in plants far from the source of pollution. It is noted that the pollution factor (CF) values of Pb and Zn in all study Locations ranged from moderate contamination to very high contamination. Keywords: PLI, pollution Factor (CF), oil installations, soil pollution, plant pollution.
Crowdsourced Clustering via Active Querying: Practical Algorithm with Theoretical Guarantees

We consider the problem of clustering n items into K disjoint clusters using noisy answers from crowdsourced workers to pairwise queries of the type: “Are items i and j from the same cluster? ” We propose a novel, practical, simple, and computationally efficient active querying algorithm for crowdsourced clustering. Furthermore, our algorithm does not require knowledge of unknown problem parameters. We show that our algorithm succeeds in recovering the clusters when the crowdworkers provide answers with an error probability less than 1/2 and provide sample complexity bounds on the number of queries made by our algorithm to guarantee successful clustering. While the bounds depend on the error probabilities, the algorithm itself does not require this knowledge. In addition to the theoretical guarantee, we implement and deploy the proposed algorithm on a real crowdsourcing platform to characterize its performance in real-world settings. Based on both the theoretical and the empirical results, we observe that while the total number of queries made by the active clustering algorithm is order-wise better than random querying, the advantage applies most conspicuously when the datasets have small clusters. For datasets with large enough clusters, passive querying can often be more efficient in practice. Our observations and practically implementable active clustering algorithm can inform and aid the design of real-world crowdsourced clustering systems. We make the dataset collected through this work publicly available (and the code to run such experiments).
The Effect of Illumination Patterns during Mung Bean Seed Germination on the Metabolite Composition of the Sprouts

Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) sprouts are popular over the world because of their taste, nutritional value, well-balanced biochemical composition, and other properties beneficial for human health. Germination conditions affect the composition of metabolites in mung bean sprouts, so a detailed study into its variability is required. This article presents the results of a comparison of the metabolite composition in the leaves of mung bean sprouts germinated first in the dark (DS) and then in the light (LS). Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) made it possible to identify more than 100 compounds representing various groups of phytochemicals. Alcohols, amino acids, and saccharides predominated in the total amount of compounds. The analysis of metabolomic profiles exposed a fairly high intra- and intervarietal variability in the metabolite content. DS and LS differed in the qualitative and quantitative content of the identified compounds. The intravarietal variability was more pronounced in DS than in LS. DS demonstrated higher levels of saccharides, fatty acids, acylglycerols, and phenolic compounds, while amino acids were higher in LS. Changes were recorded in the quantitative content of metabolites participating in the response of plants to stressors—ornithine, proline, GABA, inositol derivatives, etc. The changes were probably induced by the stress experienced by the sprouts when they were transferred from shade to light. The analysis of variance and principal factor analysis showed the statistically significant effect of germination conditions on the content of individual compounds in leaves. The identified features of metabolite variability in mung bean genotypes grown under different conditions will contribute to more accurate selection of an illumination pattern to obtain sprouts with desirable biochemical compositions for use in various diets and products with high nutritional value.
Formalin Induced Micronucleus Formation in the Buccal Mucosa of Pathology Laboratory Workers

Background & Objective: Formaldehyde is an irritating substance that is categorized as a definite carcinogen (Group A1), according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This study was conducted to determine the role of this substance in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the buccal mucosal cells due to long-term exposure of the pathology staff to formaldehyde. Methods: In this case-control study, 32 pathology laboratory staff members were assigned to the case group, and 32 staff members who were not exposed to formaldehyde were assigned to the control group. Buccal mucosa cells were collected with a wet spatula and stained with Papanicolaou stain. In each sample, 500 cells were counted; then, the frequency of MN and the average number of MN in the micronucleated cells were assessed and compared between the 2 groups using the independent t test. Furthermore, the relationship between gender and MN was evaluated using the independent t test. The relationship between years of exposure and time of exposure during the day (in hours) for the case group, as well as the relationship between age and frequency of MN was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean frequency of MN in exfoliated buccal cells was 18.33±12.36 in the case group, which was significantly higher than the control group (10.55±6.22; P=0.003). The difference in the mean number of total MN in the micronucleated cells was not significant between the case and control groups (P=0.11). The relationship between sex, age, and years of exposure with the mean frequency of MN and the total number of MN in the micronucleated cells was not significant. The relationship between exposure time during the day and both the mean frequency of MN and the total number of MN in the micronucleated cells was significant (P=0.03). Conclusion: Formaldehyde exposure and extended time of exposure during the day can increase the frequency of MN, which can prognosticate the incidence of precancerous and cancerous lesions. Therefore, continuous exposure to formaldehyde can be considered an occupational health hazard, though further studies are needed to confirm this result.
The Role of Intestinal Barrier Function in Overweight Patients with IBS with Diarrhea Undergoing a Long-Term Low Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Monosaccharide and Polyol Diet

Overweight and obesity have been suggested as significant factors in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) development. However, the relationship between overweight/obesity and IBS is unclear. It is known that a modified intestinal barrier, especially the permeability of the small intestine (s-IP), can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both obesity and IBS. Moreover, dietary interventions are essential for treating both pathologies. We evaluated the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and the urinary and circulating markers of GI barrier function and integrity, the markers of intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial translocation, in 40 IBS patients with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) (32 females and 8 males; mean age = 43.5 ± 1.4 years), categorized using their Body Mass Index levels as normal (NW) and overweight (OW). Evaluations were performed before and after 12 weeks of a Low FODMAP Diet (LFD). At the baseline, OW patients showed a significantly higher s-IP than NW. After an LFD, a significant improvement of s-IP in OW patients occurred, along with a significant decrease in markers of epithelial integrity and bacterial translocation. Our findings highlight the close relationship between overweight and the intestinal barrier and support their involvement in IBS-D pathophysiology. Furthermore, the positive role of an LFD in managing overweight IBS-D was highlighted.
Exploration of neuroblastoma xenograft models for tumor extracellular RNA profiling in murine blood plasma

: Background: Minimally invasive liquid biopsies are becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of cancer patients, including children with neuroblastoma. Such biopsies contain various biomarker analytes, including extracellular RNA (exRNA) with the potential to reflect dynamic changes in the tumor. However, it is challenging to distinguish tumor-derived exRNA from normal RNA. To overcome this limitation, xenograft models serve as a practical tool. In a mouse engrafted with human tumor cells, human exRNA is by definition originating from the tumor, whereas murine exRNA is host-derived. To study treatment response by monitoring tumor-derived exRNA, xenograft models with a high release of tumor exRNA into the circulation are desirable. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether and to what extent the cell line, its engraftment
The Development of Russet, Rough Russet and Cracks on the Fruit of the Apple Cox’s Orange Pippin During the Course of the Season

SummaryThe development of russet, rough russet and cracks on fruit from young Cox’s Orange Pippin trees was recorded from about two weeks after blossom until harvest in 1972 and 1973. All three types of blemish had the same time of onset, mid-June in both seasons. The frequency of the blemishes varied from year to year and on different regions of the fruit surface. The stalk cavity had the highest frequency of all three blemishes. The cheek region had the next highest frequency of rough russet and cracks. The relative frequency of russet on the cheek and around the eye cavity varied with the season, the cheek being worst affected in 1972 and the eye cavity in 1973. Overall the skin finish was better in 1973 than 1972. In 1973 fruit from trees on M.9 rootstock had a better overall skin finish than those from trees on M.20, 3426 or M.27 rootstocks, all of which had fruit of similar quality. The trees on M.9 were bigger, giving a much denser leaf canopy and more shade.
Influence of the bioreactor operating mode and wastewater composition on the structure of microbial communities in activated sludge and abundance and activity of polyphosphate and glycogen accumulating organisms

Two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors were seeded with flocculent activated sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant, fed with synthetic wastewater with acetate as the only source of organic carbon and operated in anoxic-anaerobic-aerobic (SBR1) and truly aerobic modes (SBR2). In SBR1 granules were formed, while flocs in aerobic SBR2 were overgrown with filamentous bacteria. FISH showed that synthetic wastewater equally influenced the abundance of bacterial phyla and classes in both SBRs regardless the operating mode: Proteobacteria increased their abundance and outcompeted Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria was the dominant class, abundance of Alphaproteobacteria decreased, and Gammaproteobacteria remained stable. The anox-ic-anaerobic-aerobic conditions and acetate favoured growth of polyphosphate (PAO) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO) in SBR1, whereas the aerobic conditions in SBR2, along with the acetate, triggered growth of filamentous Thiothrix /021N. Despite the large differences between the abundance of PAO/GAO in both SBRs, the composition of their populations did not differ significantly between reactors, and the type of organic substrate was a decisive factor shaping the structure of their communities. Tetrasphaera PAO, predominant in the seed, were outcompeted in both SBRs by Accumulibacter . Clades IA and IIA, C, D together constituted 78% and 73% of the Accumulibacter lineage in SBR1 and SBR2, respectively, whereas 97% of Accumulibacter in the seed was not targeted by any of the clade-specific probes. Defluviicoccus vanus cluster 2 was partially replaced by cluster 1 and Competibacter in both SBRs. The substantial abundance of PAO in SBR1 was reflected in the high enhanced biological phosphorus removal activity in anaerobic batch tests and high presence of intracellular polyphosphate granules at the end of the aerobic period. Despite the significant abundance of Accumulibacter , the biomass from SBR2 neither released P nor took up C org in anaerobic batch tests, which indicates that the activity of ecophysiological groups was largely influenced by the mode of operating bioreactors.