Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive comment on “ In-situ unsaturated zone stable water isotope ( 2 H and 18 O ) measurements in semi-arid environments using tunable off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy ” by M . Gaj

The study presents soil isotope depth profile data of a semi-arid region in Namibia measured in-situ via soil gas probes attached to an OA-ICOS. The manuscript is well written and structured as well as easy to read. The study is in the scope of the journal and I recommend the presented study for publication in HESS after revising the submitted manuscript based on the suggestions of the review process. The introduction
Continuous online-monitoring of Ice Nucleating Particles: development of the automated Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC-Auto)

The incomplete understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions introduces large uncertainties when simulating the cloud radiative forcing in climate models. The physical and optical properties of a cloud, as well as the evolution of precipitation, are strong functions of the cloud hydrometeor phase. Aerosol particles support the phase transition of water in the atmosphere from a meta-stable to a thermodynamically preferred stable phase. In the troposphere, the transition of liquid droplets to ice crystals in clouds, via ice-nucleating particles (INPs) which make up only a tiny fraction of all tropospheric aerosol, is of particular relevance. For accurate cloud modeling in climate projections, the parameterization of cloud processes and information such as the concentrations of atmospheric INPs are needed. Presently, only few continuous real-time INP counters are available and the data acquisition often still requires a human operator. To address this restriction, we developed HINC-Auto, a fully automated online INP counter, by adapting an existing custom-built instrument, the Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber. HINCAuto was able to autonomously sample INPs in the immersion mode at a temperature of 243 K and a water saturation ratio of 1.04 for 97 % of the time for 90 consecutive days. Here, we present the technical setup used to acquire automation, discuss improvements to the experimental precision and sampling time, and validate the instrument performance. In the future, the chamber will allow a detailed temporal analysis (including seasonal and annual variability) of ambient INP concentrations observing repeated meteorological phenomena compared to previous episodic events detected during campaigns. In addition, by deploying multiple chambers at different locations, a spatiotemporal variability of INPs at any sampling site used for monitoring INP analysis can be achieved for temperatures ≤ 243 K.
綠竹筍不同生長時期non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase之純化與生化性質探討

英文摘要 Non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) is a conserved cytosolic protein and catalyze key steps in energy and reducing power partitioning in cells of higher plants. In photosynthetic cells, the enzyme is involved in a shuttle transfer mechanism to export NADPH from the chloroplast to the cytosol. To investigate the role of this enzyme in the rapid-growing green bamboo shoots, we purified and characterized GAPN from green bamboo shoots, and the GAPN specific monoclonal antibody was prepared by using purified GAPN as the antigen. We were identified two kinds of GAPN (GAPN-A and GAPN-B) in the rapid-growing green bamboo shoots by 2-DE and immunostaining. The two kinds of GAPN were found in different tissues during the rapid growth of green bamboo shoots and with distinct pI value. The results suggest that the GAPN-A and GAPN-B may have separate roles in the rapid-growing green bamboo shoots.
Assessment of Left Ventricular Mechanics in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: 2-D Speckle Tracking Imaging Study

Background Chronic pressure overload secondary to severe aortic stenosis causes impairment of left ventricular myocardial deformation and associated with adverse outcome. The present study aimed to assess the response of myocardial mechanics after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods Assessment of myocardial mechanics by quantification of LV longitudinal, circumferential strain and rotational deformation (apical, basal rotation and twist) by 2-D Speckle-tracking echocardiography at baseline and at midterm follow-up post-TAVI. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on baseline left ventricular ejection fraction. 46 patients had preserved LV EF ≥50% preserved ejection fraction (PEF) and 34 patients had reduced left ventricular ejection (REF) < 50%. Results 80 patients with severe AS and high surgical risk were evaluated. At a mean follow-up of 8 ± 3 months after TAVI, left ventricular longitudinal strain (LS) significantly improved in reduced ejection fraction (REF) group from -9.88 ± 3.93% to 11.89 ± 3.15% (P = 0.001). In preserved ejection fraction (PEF) group, longitudinal strain improved from -13.8 ± 3.1% to -15.2 ± 3.3% (P < 0.001). Longitudinal strain rate (LSR) improved significantly in REFgroup, -0.48 ± 0.20sec−1 to -0.62 ± 0.16 sec−1 (P < 0.001) and in PEF group,-0.73 ± 0.19 sec−1 to-0.77 ± 0.16 sec −1 (P < 0.005). In PEF group, LV twist angle was supra-physiological at baseline and decreased after TAVI towards normal values (P = 0.006). In REF group LV twist angle was reduced at baseline with significant increase towards normal value after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI),P = 0.005. That was attributed to severe LV dysfunction associated with reduction of left ventricular twist at baseline which improved in response to TAVI alongside with improvement of left ventricular systolic function. In reduced ejection fraction (REF) group circumferential strain and strain rate improved significantly after TAVI. Conclusions Myocardial mechanics of the left ventricle including strain, strain rate and twist are deformed in severe aortic stenosis. TAVI restores myocardial mechanics towards physiological values in patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction.
Chemical Biomarkers of Diffusse Axonal Injury

Craniocerebral trauma is the most common cause of death and post-traumatic disability in people under 45 years of age. In Romania, the annual incidence shows, that for every 100,000 inhabitants, there are 300 cases of craniocerebral trauma that require specialized medical assistance. Craniocerebral traumas are the most common types of traumas encountered in current forensic practice. Research on the mechanisms of injury, the timing of head trauma and the establishment of causes of death remain relevant. Establishing the traumatic moment implies both the distinction between pre-mortem and post-mortem injuries but also considerations regarding the post-traumatic survival interval. Regarding the elucidation of the moment of occurrence of the craniocerebral trauma from the forensic point of view, a satisfactory result has not been reached so far. The classic hypothesis regarding the development of traumatic brain injuries shows that they are the result of primary traumatic injuries due to cell necrosis combined with the inflammatory brain response that causes secondary brain injuries. It was considered that post-traumatic neuronal losses are strictly due to necrosis and inflammation, and cellular apoptosis being a physiological process, does not play a role in this process. Due to recent experimental data, brain cell apoptosis has begun to be reevaluated. The pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury is far from being fully understood, with the idea that apoptosis would play an even more important role than originally thought. Specifically, damaged brain cells release neuromodulatory substances that can lead to late-onset neuronal damage long after necrotic and inflammatory brain phenomena have ceased to act. These neuronal cell losses are responsible for the development of various neurological deficits and post-traumatic sequelae.
Thermolability, Heat Tolerance and Renal Function In the Dassie or Hyrax, Procavia Capensis

In a series of experiments, designed to examine renal function and thermoregulation in the dassie, the following observations were made: The dassie is unable to exist indefinitely on a dry diet without water. After 8 days without water, feed intake ceases. Water consumption is relatively low, amounting to 45,7 mllkg, which suggests efficient renal function. Faecal water loss is minimal wh.en the animals are dehydrated. A faecal moisture value as low as 35 per cent was obtained after nine days of dehydration. The capacity of the dassie kidney to concentrate electrolytes and urea is very high. The maximum recorded osmolality of the urine was 3 088 mOsm/kg, which is comparable to that of the camel. The most unusual feature of renal function in the dassie is the excretion of large amounts of undissolved calcium carbonate in the urine. The body temperature at comfortable ambient temperatures (2OC) was lower than expected for a mammal of this size and may be implicated in spermatogenesis in the intra-abdominally situated testes of these animals. The dassie appears to be very thermolabile and has surprisingly low heat tolerance. Above 35C (ambient) the animals develop hyperthermia and exhibit fairly profuse nasal sweating. The upper incipient lethal temperature appears to be above 35C but less than 4OC.
Factors associated with the isolation of Candida Spp. from the oral microbiota of people living with HIV

This study aimed to analyze the association between the isolation of Candida species in the oral cavity and the clinical and virulence factors of people living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This cross-sectional study, comprising 106 people living with HIV who were evaluated in an HIV-AIDS outpatient clinic in Fortaleza, Northeast of Brazil, data collection were conducted during August and November 2018. A saliva sample was also collected to isolate Candida. The virulence factors of extracellular and hemolytic phospholipase activities in isolated Candida strains were analyzed. The prevalence of oral Candida was 40.6%, and the presence of oral Candida was associated with smoking habits ( p = .005), daily smoking ( p = .026), low weight ( p = .030), history of hospitalization ( p = .014), TCD4 lymphocyte count < 200 cells/mm3 ( p = .018), and detectable viral load ( p = .005). The multivariate analysis revealed that the variables smoking habits ( p = .008), viral load ( p = .011), and body mass index ( p = .011) were associated with the presence of oral Candida. Strong hemolytic and phospholipase activities were, respectively, identified in 74.4% and 72% of the isolated strains, mainly Candida albicans. As a main conclusion, the isolation of Candida from the oral cavity in people living with HIV/AIDS, has a strong association with the use of tobacco, even under anappropriate treatment.
PERFORMANCE EXPECTANCY EFFECT ON YOUNG FARMERS’ INTENTION TO USE ICT: THE MODERATION ROLE OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of performance expectancy on the intention to use ICT among young farmers with social influence as a moderator. The study employed a cross-sectional design for data collection whereby data from 403 respondents was involved in the analysis. Variance based-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for analysis. Results revealed that performance expectancy was significantly influential on young farmers’ intention to use ICT. On the other hand, social influence was found to have no significant moderation influence on a relationship between performance expectancy and behaviour intention. The study on behaviour intention is generally extensive but limited in the agriculture field. Never the less, behaviour intention has proved to be contextually specific. This study has focused on young farmers to understand their adoption behaviour on the use of ICT. Furthermore, the study investigated the moderating role of social influence on the relationship between performance expectancy and behaviour intention for which literature is scant.
Saving the Square of Opposition August 2020

August 2020 Pieter A.M. Seuren — Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics — Nijmegen NL Abstract Contrary to received opinion, the Aristotelian Square of Opposition (SQUARE) is logically sound, differing from standard modern predicate logic (SMPL) in that it restricts the universe U of cognitively constructible situations by banning null predicates, thus making it less unnatural than SMPL. U-restriction requires a cognitive approach to logic, based on cognitive set theory. Humans are endowed with a cognitive predicate logic (CPL), which checks the incremental process of cognitive modelling (world construal) for consistency. The SQUARE is treated as a first approximation to CPL. This requires a cognitive set-theoretic semantics. Not being cognitively real, the null set Ø is eliminated from the semantics of CPL. Still rudimentary in Aristotle’s On Interpretation (Int), the SQUARE was implicitly completed in his Prior Analytics (PrAn). Abelard’s reconstruction of the logic of Int is logically and historically correct; the LOCA (Leaking O-Corner Analysis) interpretation of the SQUARE, defended by some modern logicians, is logically faulty and historically untenable. Aristotle in fact used Urestriction in PrAn. Generally, U-restriction, not redefining the universal quantifier, as done in Abelard and LOCA, is the correct path to follow for a successful reconstruction of CPL. Valuation Space (VS) modelling is used to show the effects of U-restriction.
Impact of Chronic Tramadol Intake on Reproductive Hormones and Related Histopathological Changes in Adult Albino Rats

Background: Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic, widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, back pain, sports injuries, and other musculo-skeletal conditions, rheumatological conditions, and headaches. Tramadol is a common prescription pain reliever as it is considered to possess a much better safety profile than other opioid analgesics. Aim of the Work: To examine the influence of chronic use of tramadol on reproductive hormones, and to outline the histopathological changes in ovaries, testes and pituitary glands of adult albino rats.Materials and Methods: A number of 90 male and female adult albino rats were used for this study. They were divided into three groups each comprising 30 rats (15 males and 15 females). Group one was the control group which received normal saline, group two was treated with low dose of tramadol (40 mg/kg) daily, while group three was treated with high dose of tramadol (80 mg/kg) daily for one month. Results: The present study revealed that there was a statistical significant decrease in serum LH, FSH, Estradiol among tramadol treated male and female groups when compared with control group. In addition, there was a significant decrease in serum testosterone level among tramadol treated male groups when compared to the control group. Furthermore, serum progesterone level showed a statistically significant decrease among the high dose tramadol treated female group when compared to both the low dose tramadol treated group and the control group but there was a statistically significant increase when comparing the low dose to the control group and the high dose group. While monitoring the effect of tramadol on serum prolactin level there was significant increase among tramadol treated male groups, while there was non significant change among tramadol treated female groups. By histopathological examination of ovaries and testes under light microscopy and pituitary glands by electron microscopy there were changes related to the hormonal changes. Conclusion: Chronic use of tramadol in rats even with its therapeutic doses has a passive effect on gonadal function affecting both males and females.
EMPLOYING PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: ARE THEY COMPETENT AND PERFORMED?

The implementation of diversity management becomes a challenge for the company, primarily to employ those with physical disabilities. There is a stereotype in Indonesian society that those people are not able to work, especially in the formal sector due to their lack of competences that results in their low performance. Unfortunately, studies regarding the effect of competency towards employee performance of employees with disabilities have been very limited. This study aims at determining the influence of competency towards the performance of employees with disabilities in Thisable Enterprise. Data was conducted through a survey of 64 employees who are blind and deaf. Furthermore, the hypothesis test was carried out using multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that employees with disabilities in Thisable Enterprise have good competencies, consisting of intellectual competence, emotional competence, and social competence. The results of self-assessment, customer assessment, and evaluations from supervisors also showed that employee with a disability was able to provide good performance. Finally, the positive influence of intellectual competencies on performance was confirmed.
Genetic characterization and classification of two phytoplasmas associated with spartium witches’-broom disease

In plants of Spanish broom (Spartium junceum) affected by an etiologically uncertain witches'-broom disease, plant-pathogenic phytoplasmas were detected by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of ribosomal DNA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified by means of universal phytoplasma primers, revealed two different phytoplasmas present in plants with similar symptoms. The less frequently detected phytoplasma had the same RFLP profile as elm yellows phytoplasmas, whereas the prevalent agent had an RFLP profile similar to that of phytoplasmas in the apple proliferation strain cluster. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA confirmed that the prevalent Spartium witches'-broom phytoplasma is a member of the apple proliferation strain cluster, but this organism is distinctly different from other cluster members. With universal, group- and pathogen-specific rDNA primers, the causal agents were detected in most symptomatic plants. The plants testing negatively in direct PCR yielded an amplification product when the rDNA fragment obtained with universal primers was re-amplified with group- or pathogen-specific primers. The nested-PCR assay also revealed that most of the plants examined were doubly infected with the two phytoplasmas detected by direct PCR. In the infected plants, one of these organisms was predominant and readily detectable by direct PCR while the other occurred in low numbers and could only be identified by nested PCR.
Analysis of sugar compositions of glycoproteins electroblotted onto PVDF membranes

A method was developed for analysis of sugar compositions of glycoproteins electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was based on hydrolysis of glycoproteins on PVDF membranes and precolumn derivatization of liberated neutral sugars, sialic acids and aminosugars, respectively, and isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographies of these derivatives. The presence of sialo-glycoproteins in echinoderm shell matrixes was demonstrated by this method.
Science performance predictors of the first batch of the K-12 curriculum in Valencia District, Negros Oriental, Philippines

The researchers designed and conducted this study using the predictive analytics to determine the different science performance predictors of the first batch of K to 12 curriculum in Valencia District, Valencia, Negros Oriental. The researchers had chosen three kinds of predictors namely; student-related predictors, teacher-related predictors, and school-related predictors. For the student-related predictors, parents’ educational attainment, parents’ occupation, family income, IQ level, learning styles and previous grade level science performance. The teacher-related predictors include teachers’ educational qualifications, length of science teaching experience, relevant science trainings and seminars attended, and exposure to access internet connection. On the other hand, the school-related predictors include the type of school, class size, ratio of science books to number of students and conformity of science laboratory equipment and apparatus to K to 12 standards. The researchers had randomly chosen 311 student-respondents and 8 teacher-respondents coming from four public and two private secondary schools of Valencia District. Questionnaires that were tested on its reliability and validity were used in this study. The collected data were then interpreted and analysed using appropriate statistical tools. Students’ previous science performance, parents’ educational attainment, parents’ occupation, intelligence quotient (IQ), teachers’ educational qualification, number of years in science teaching experience, levels and numbers of seminars and trainings attended and teachers’ internet access significantly predict the level of students’ performance in science; thus, they are considered as predictors. However, learning styles, class size, parents’ occupation, type of school, student-book ratio, and conformity of science equipment and apparatus cannot predict students’ level of performance.
Structural Empowerment among Nurses at Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Nurses’ empowerment plays a vital role to meet the future demands of growing and constant changing needs of health care as equal partners of other teams. In healthcare, nurses’ empowerment provides them an opportunity of taking more responsibility and self-confident to initiate change that positively affects better patient outcome. Objective: This study aimed to explore the structural empowerment of nurses at the tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. This study aimed to explore the structural empowerment of nurses at the tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A descriptive exploratory study was conducted within 98 nurses using convenient sampling. The data collection period was from December/2018 to January/2018. The demographic data form was used for nurses’ personal information and the “Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II” was used for structural empowerment. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The overall mean of the structural empowerment of nurses was at (M=3.35, SD=.62). Majority of the nurses were female (96.9%) and training related to professional empowerment had only for (6.1%) nurses. There was statistically and significantly positive correlation between the nurses’ empowerment and working experiences (r=.20, p <0.05). The ICU and CCU nurses demonstrated high mean score of empowerment (M=3.82±.51) compared to general wards. Conclusion: Empowerment of nurses is the key to promoting nurses’ self confidence in clinical decision making and professional autonomy in their nurses’ practice. The result demonstrated moderate to high level of structural empowerment among nurses. Therefore, the healthcare organization should focus on empowering the nurses.