Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Enantiomeric profiling of chiral illicit drugs in a pan-European study

The aim of this paper is to present the ﬁ rst study on spatial and temporal variation in the enantiomeric pro ﬁ le of chiral drugs in eight European cities. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and enantioselective analysis were combined to evaluate trends in illicit drug use in the context of their consumption vs direct disposal as well as their synthetic production routes. Spatial variations in amphetamine loads were observed with higher use in Northern European cities. Enantioselective analysis showed a general enrichment of amphetamine with the R -( (cid:1) )-enantiomer in wastewater indicating its abuse. High loads of racemic methamphetamine were detected in Oslo (EF ¼ 0.49 ± 0.02). This is in contrast to other European cities where S -( þ )-methamphetamine was the predominant enantiomer. This indicates different methods of methamphetamine synthesis and/or traf ﬁ cking routes in Oslo, compared with the other cities tested. An enrichment of MDMA with the R -( (cid:1) )-enantiomer was observed in European waste-waters indicating MDMA consumption rather than disposal of unused drug. MDA's chiral signature indicated its enrichment with the S -( þ )-enantiomer, which con ﬁ rms its origin from MDMA metabolism in humans. HMMA was also detected at quanti ﬁ able concentrations in wastewater and was found to be a suitable biomarker for MDMA consumption. Mephedrone was only detected in wastewater from the United Kingdom with population-normalised loads up to 47.7 mg 1000 people (cid:1) 1 day (cid:1) 1 . The enrichment of mephedrone in the R -( þ )-enantiomer in wastewater suggests stereoselective metabolism in humans, hence consumption, rather than direct disposal of the drug. The investigation of drug precursors, such as ephedrine, showed that their presence was reasonably ascribed to their medical use. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd.
Unmasking the Veiled: A Comprehensive Analysis of Android Evasive Malware

Since Android is the most widespread operating system, malware targeting it poses a severe threat to the security and privacy of millions of users and is increasing from year to year. The response from the community was swift, and many researchers have ven-tured to defend this system. In this cat-and-mouse game, attackers pay special attention to flying under the radar of analysis tools, and the techniques to understand whether their app is under analysis have become more and more sophisticated. Moreover, these evasive techniques are also adopted by benign apps to deter reverse engineering, making this phenomenon pervasive in the Android app ecosystem. Whilethe scientific literature has proposed many evasive techniques and investigated their impact, one aspect still needs to be studied: how and to what extent Android apps, both malware and goodware, use such controls. This paper fills this gap by introducing a comprehensive taxonomy of evasive controls for the Android ecosystem and a proof-of-concept app that implements them all. We release the app as open source to help researchers and practitioners to assess whether their app analysis systems are sufficiently resilient to known evasion techniques. We also propose DroidDun-geon , a novel probe-based sandbox, which circumvents evasive techniques thanks to a substantial engineering effort, making the apps under analysis believe they are running on an actual device. To the best of our knowledge, currently, DroidDungeon is the only solution providing anti-evasion capabilities, maintainability, and scalability at once. Using our sandbox, we studied evasive controls in both benign and malicious Android apps, revealing insights about their purpose, differences, and relationships between evasive controls and pack-ers/protectors. Finally, we analyzed how the execution of an app differs depending on the presence or absence of evasive counter-measures. Our main finding is that 14% and 4% of malicious and benign samples refrain from running in an analysis environment that does not correctly mitigate evasive controls.
ADB ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER SERIES

Using matched data from three sources in Lahore, Pakistan, the paper finds that employers’ gender restrictions are a larger constraint on women’s job opportunities than supply-side decisions. At higher levels of education, demand-side barriers relax, allowing women to qualify for more jobs but at lower salaries. On the supply side, educated women become more selective in their search.
: The efficacy of anthelmintics in naturally infected cattle

The effectiveness of anthelmintics in the treatment of paramphistomosis in farm animals in the Czech Republic has not been sufficiently investigated. This study was focused on selected breeds of beef cattle. Identification of Calicophoron daubneyi was performed by sedimentation and verified by PCR using the 5.8S rRNA gene. Animals were treated specifically for C. daubneyi infection only. Totally 400 positive animals were included in the study. The anthelmintic Closamectin (Closantel/Ivermectin) was evaluated as the most effective veterinary medicinal product with an efficiency of 80%, followed by Distocur (Oxyclozanid) with an efficiency of 78%, Aldifal (Albendazol) with an efficiency of 71% and Levatum Plus (Ivermectin/Clorsulon) with an efficiency of 62%.
EFFECTS OF 3D-PRINTED HORSESHOES ON KINEMATIC HOOF-PARAMETERS AT TROT ON HARD SURFACE

Background: Proper and adequate shoeing is important to maintain and promote a functional foot. However, fitting a horseshoe can be challenging, especially in horses with hoof-related problems. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tailor-made three-dimensional (3D)-printed horseshoes on equine hoof kinematic parameters in a controlled experimental setting, using quantitative gait-analysis system. We hypothesised that 3D-printed horseshoes would cause less vibrations and impact on hard surface. Methods: Six rider-sound horses were shod with traditional steel shoes for two shoeing-cycles and one shoeing-cycle of 3D-printed horseshoes made of a thermoplastic elastomer, in a randomised order. Kinematic data was collected on a straight line at trot on hard surface, using hoof mounted inertial measurement units (IMU), including accelerometers (sampling frequency: 1000 Hz), one day after shoeing. A linear mixed effect model was used to determine the effect of shoeing-condition on the kinematic parameters extracted, with Horse as a random effect and Shoes type and Stride frequency as fixed effects. Results: Among the extracted parameters, the ones significantly different were the lower Max acceleration values in the mediolateral (-145.25 m/s 2 , p-value=0.049) and in dorsopalmar directions (-263.24 m/s 2 , p-value=0.0001). The signals contained less energy in mediolateral and dorsopalmar directions (-4673.63 (m/s 2 ) 2 , p-value = 0.0107 and – 6162.13(m/s 2 ) 2 , p-value=0.0149, respectively). The Peak-Positive and Peak-Negative counts were larger in dorsopalmar direction (-1.58148, p-value=0.01742 and -1.56364, p-value=0.01888 respectively). No significant differences were found in proximodistal direction. Conclusion: These findings suggest that 3D-printed horseshoes decrease vibrations and have an impact absorbing effect on hard surface at trot.
UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES

Para ello, se considerarán los diversos géneros discursivos en latín y romance que, utilizados por estos tres autores, configuran una imagen de sabio. En los casos de Petrarca y Bracciolini, los géneros poético, narrativo, epistolar, dialógico, epidíctico componen y acentúan distintas personalidades y concepciones del mundo bajo un mismo nombre de autor. En el caso de Abravanel, en cambio, hay un intento de articular los diversos géneros en pos de unificar la figura de autor y de sabio. En este sentido y en relación con el surgimiento del intelectual humanista durante el Renacimiento europeo, el corpus textual propuesto es representativo de las transformaciones producidas en el pasaje del siglo XIV al siglo XVI.
Preliminary Analysis for Evaluation of Local Site Effects in Lima City, Peru from Ground Motion Data by Using the Spectral Inversion Method

The present study applies the spectral inversion method, proposed by Iwata and Irikura (1986, 1988), to separate the source, propagation path, and local site effects from observed strong motion records in the frequency range from 0.5 to 10 Hz for the analyses of the relationship between the local subsurface conditions and the local site amplifications in some areas of Lima city, Peru. The analyzed data are S-wave portions of accelerograms in horizontal components observed at 5 stations for 11 events recorded along the Pacific coast of Lima city. These events are superficial and intermediate earthquakes with local magnitudes (ML) from 4.0 to 5.7 and with hypocentral distances from 40 to 180 km. From the spectral inversion, solutions for source spectra, inelasticity factor of propagation path for S-wave (QS-value), and site amplification factor at each site are obtained. The factors of site amplification Gj(f) obtained in the present study are compared with the results obtained by Cabrejos (2009) for stations CSM, CAL, MOL and CDLCIP employing the standard spectral ratio (SSR) method, which support our results especially at frequencies below 5 Hz. QS-value obtained shows frequency dependency of the form QS(f)=80.4f. In addition, the influence of non-linearity on the site response is evaluated during the Pisco earthquake which it is concluded that nonlinear response of the soils was not detected at acceleration levels below 115.2 gal (the maximum peak ground acceleration recorded in Lima city). The study also proposed relationships between the amplifications with average S-wave velocity in top 30 meters of the S-wave profiles for some stations at each frequency.
Electrical interaction between atmospheric volcanic ash and aircraft in flight : mechanisms and application for hazard detection

The charging of aircraft surfaces in flight by ice and other particulates has been studied since the 1940’s, and volcanic ash suspended within dispersed plumes has been a hazard to aviation since the advent of commercial jet airliners in the 1960s. This study examines the interaction of volcanic ash particles with metallic surfaces likely to be found on an aircraft, and its ability to charge those surfaces by impact. We do this by directing a high-pressure jet of mixed air and volcanic ash, sieved to <63 μm dia. , at fixed 50 mm x 50 mm target. The charging is quantified as the charge generated on the target surface per unit mass of particulate impacted. By testing volcanic ash alongside a control material (Ballotini™) which is not expected to fracture the study provides evidence that fracto-emission is the dominant charging process. It is demonstrated that volcanic ash impacting a metallic target at mass delivery rates of approximately 5 mg s-1 can generate charge to mass ratios of 0.5 to 0.8 C kg-1 at impact speeds in the range of 60 to 70 ms-1. It is also found that the charging behaviour is non-linear with respect to velocity of impact and that charging behaviour varies dependant upon the materials of the particle and the impacting surface. The study includes the investigation of two types of volcanic ash, sand and some qualitative work to investigate the impact of ice on the targets. From this we conclude that the measurement of particulate mass concentration is possible, and discrimination of particulate type is possible by exposing multiple target materials in parallel. We therefore hypothesise that the observed behaviours could form the basis for an on-board volcanic ash detection sensor system for pilot warning and guidance.
Chemical control of winter wheat and its influence on yield and economic indexes in PodkarpacieChemiczna ochrona pszenicy ozimej oraz jej wpływ na plon ziarna i wskaźniki ekonomiczne na Podkarpaciu

The studies on the economic efficiency of fungicides and insecticides used in winter wheat crops were conducted in 2012–2014 in Boguchwała. An average per cent of leaf area infected by pathogens was 80.3% and the damage caused by pests was on average 14.5%. The effectiveness of applied pesticides ranged from 8.0 to 86.2% for fungicides and from 31.8 to 89.2% for insecticides. Surplus of the saved wheat production ranged from 6.5 to 1222 PLN/ha. The cost coverage index ranged from 0.01 to 7.4, whereas the treatment profitability index ranged from 1.0 to 19.4. The percentage cost index ranged from 1.2 to 54.0.
An Explanation for the Overrepresentation of Tidal Disruption Events in Post-starburst Galaxies

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) provide a valuable probe for studying the dynamics of stars in the nuclear environments of galaxies. Recent observations show that TDEs are strongly overrepresented in post-starburst or “green valley” galaxies, although the underlying physical mechanism remains unclear. Considering the possible interaction between stars and active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks, the TDE rates can be greatly changed compared to those in quiescent galactic nuclei. In this work, we revisit TDE rates by incorporating an evolving AGN disk within the framework of “loss cone” theory. We numerically evolve the Fokker–Planck equations by considering star–disk interactions, in situ star formation in the unstable region of the outer AGN disk, and evolution of the accretion process of supermassive black holes. We find that the TDE rates are enhanced by about 2 orders of magnitude shortly after the AGN transitions into an inactive stage. During this phase, the accumulated stars rapidly scatter into the loss cone due to the disappearance of the inner standard thin disk. Our results provide an explanation for the overrepresentation of TDEs in post-starburst galaxies.
The dependence of precipitation and its footprint on atmospheric temperature in idealized extratropical cyclones

Flood hazard is a function of the magnitude and spatial pattern of precipitation accumulation. The sensitivity of precipitation to atmospheric temperature is investigated for idealized extratropical cyclones, enabling us to examine the footprint of extreme precipitation (surface area where accumulated precipitation exceeds high thresholds) and the accumulation in different‐sized catchment areas. The mean precipitation increases with temperature, with the mean increase at 5.40%/°C. The 99.9th percentile of accumulated precipitation increases at 12.7%/°C for 1 h and 9.38%/°C for 24 h, both greater than Clausius‐Clapeyron scaling. The footprint of extreme precipitation grows considerably with temperature, with the relative increase generally greater for longer durations. The sensitivity of the footprint of extreme precipitation is generally super Clausius‐Clapeyron. The surface area of all precipitation shrinks with increasing temperature. Greater relative changes in the number of catchment areas exceeding extreme total precipitation are found when the domain is divided into larger rather than smaller catchment areas. This indicates that fluvial flooding may increase faster than pluvial flooding from extratropical cyclones in a warming world. When the catchment areas are ranked in order of total precipitation, the 99.9th percentile is found to increase slightly above Clausius‐Clapeyron expectations for all of the catchment sizes, from 9 km2 to 22,500 km2. This is surprising for larger catchment areas given the change in mean precipitation. We propose that this is due to spatially concentrated changes in extreme precipitation in the occluded front.
Is Consciousness Intrinsic?: A Problem for the Integrated Information Theory

The Integrated Information Theory of consciousness (IIT) claims that consciousness is identical to maximal integrated information, or maximalΦ. One objection to IIT is based on what may be called the intrinsicality problem: consciousness is an intrinsic property, but maximal Φ is an extrinsic property; therefore, they cannot be identical. In this paper, I show that this problem is not unique to IIT, but rather derives from a trilemma that confronts almost any theory of consciousness. Given most theories of consciousness, the following three claims are inconsistent. INTRINSICALITY: Consciousness is intrinsic. NON-OVERLAP: Conscious systems do not overlap with other conscious systems (a la Unger’s problem of the many). REDUCTIONISM: Consciousness is constituted by more fundamental properties (as per standard versions of physicalism and Russellian monism). In view of this, I will consider whether rejecting INTRINSICALITY is necessarily less plausible than rejecting NON-OVERLAP or REDUCTIONISM. I will also consider whether IIT is necessarily committed to rejecting INTRINSICALITY or whether it could also accept solutions that reject NON-OVERLAP or REDUCTIONISM instead. I will suggest that the best option for IIT may be a solution that rejects REDUCTIONISM rather than INTRINSICALITY or NON-OVERLAP.
Effect of Adding Egg White Powder on Surimi Quality Based on Pangasius and Catfish Flesh

The variety of raw materials from demersal fish in small quantities has resulted in the development of freshwater fish-based surimi processing technology. This study aims to determine the best concentration of egg white powder based on pangasius and catfish on the quality of surimi by physically, chemically, and sensory. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the addition of egg white powder at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. The surimi quality characteristics tested in this study included texture profile, degree of whiteness, pH, moisture, ash, protein, fat, water holding capacity, sensory and folding tests. The results showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) on whiteness, fat, water holding capacity, texture profile, folding and sensory tests. However, it did not affect (P > 0.05) on ash, protein, and pH. The results showed that the concentration of 1% egg white powder was able to improve surimi gel based on quality.
Current deformation in eastern part of Java derived from GPS observation 2017-2022

The eastern part of Java Island is a prone area with high seismic potential. Geologically, the seismicity in this area is dominated by the subduction zone in southern Java, reverse faults structure in the north extending along east to west part of Java Islands, and normal faults in Pasuruan and Probolinggo. Several studies have indicated the potential of earthquakes associated with these sources. The geodetic technique is employed to monitor the deformation activity in the eastern part of Java to understand the characteristics. We utilized the continuous GPS stations operated by Geospatial Agency of Indonesia (BIG) and processed them using the GAMIT/GLOBK software. The processing incorporates the IGS stations surrounding Indonesia. We also used precise orbit and 2nd-order ionospheric correction. The processing produces the velocity in the ITRF2014 reference frame, which generally indicates the south-eastward velocity up to 29 mm/year, mainly influenced by block rotation. Velocity referenced to the Sunda block shows a distinguished pattern between southern Java and northern Java. The velocity pattern in the southern part of Java tends to move northwest with a velocity variation of 3-6 mm/year, while several north stations show a velocity pattern to the south with a variation of 2-4 mm/yr. The strain analysis shows different patterns between eastern and western regions and different characteristics of southern and northern regions. Mainly the deformation is dominated by the compression due to the subduction in the south. Meanwhile, near to the central Java the deformation patterns significantly change due to the appearance of the east-west extension. The result indicates the different distinguished characteristics of the deformation source in the eastern part of Java. This result will have implications for seismic hazard analysis as a contribution to disaster risk reduction in the future.
Tropical cyclone Saudel impact on ocean dynamic over the South China Sea

Tropical cyclones (TC) are atmospheric phenomena categorized as extreme weather that is perilous and destructive. The parameters used include sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed (WS), and air pressure (AP), which are factors in the formation of TC. The emergence of TC occurred in October 2020, when it grew in Philippine waters and died out in Vietnamese waters. The characteristics of the waters of the South China Sea (SCS) in particular and the Pacific Ocean in general make them one of the waters with the highest storm potential in the world; therefore, this research was conducted. The purpose of this research is to understand the characteristics of Saudel Cyclone (SC) based on the parameters SST, WS, and AP, which are obtained from the ECMWF website, to be able to describe the process of growth until the extinction of SC. Data from the ECMWF website has limitations because it is model data (re-analysis). The results of this study can determine the process of starting the extinction of SC as well as the characteristics of SST, AP, and WS in the conditions of starting SC, during the peak of SC, and starting the extinction of SC.
Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus. Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection. Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.