Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superfluous killing of aphids: a potentially beneficial behaviour of the predator Poecilus cupreus (L.) (Coleoptera: Carabidae)?

The killing of prey without consuming the prey is called superfluous killing or wasteful killing. In this study, the feeding behaviour of Poecilus cupreus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) was examined in the laboratory with regard to its superfluous killing behaviour. Three different prey species were offered under varying prey densities: aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), and house crickets (Acheta domestica). The higher the prey density the more prey items P. cupreus killed. However, complete consumption of prey items differed among prey species. The proportion of superfluous killing was highest for R. padi, and lowest for A. domestica. With increasing prey density, the proportion of superfluous killing increased in D. melanogaster and A. domestica, whereas in R. padi superfluous killing by P. cupreus was always high and independent of prey density. The high amount of superfluous killing indicates that P. cupreus might kill a substantial proportion of aphids in the field, and that this behaviour could considerably contribute to the carabid's beneficial impact in agricultural fields.
Effect of an Educational Program on Knowledge and Practice of Nurses who are Caring for Nephrotic Children

Background: Pediatric nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge and practice regarding the care of nephrotic syndrome children as reported by many studies. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effect of an-educational program on knowledge and practice of nurses who are caring for nephrotic children. Methods: A quasiexperimental design was utilized in current study. Sample: Convenience sample of 57 pediatric nurses who are caring children with nephrotic syndrome. Tools of data collection: Two tools were utilized for data collection; selfadministered questionnaire sheet included personal characteristics of the pediatric nurses, their knowledge, and observational checklist for evaluation of nursing practices of children with nephrotic syndrome. The results Shows that majority of the pediatric nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge and inadequate practice about nephrotic syndrome before program implementation, that improved significantly immediate and 3 months after program implementation, there are a positive correlation between nurses' knowledge, age and years of experience, also between nurses practice, age, years of pediatric and general experience. Conclusion: The pediatric nurses' knowledge and practice improved significantly after program implementation and this improvement positively correlated with age and years of experience. The study recommended that in service training program should be conducted for the pediatric nurses in their work place to update their knowledge and improved their practice.
Role of diffusion weighted MRI in characterization of renal diseases

Background: MRI has the unique ability to show both structure and function objectively without any radiation exposure to the patient. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a quantitative parameter that combines the effects of capillary perfusion and water diffusion. Renal parameters have shown inverse relationship with the ADC values in these studies. So, ADC values have a potential to serve as a marker of renal function. The aim of the present endeavor was to study the role of DW MRI in characterization of renal function and to find out the clinical use of DW MRI in renal diseases; and establish the relationship between renal function assessed by eGFR and that by DW MRI calculated in terms of ADC values in various renal diseasesMethods: Total 30 patients were included in the study. The study was carried out in department of radiodiagnosis at Dr. RPMGC Kangra. 1.5 Tesla MRI machine was used. The ADC value was calculated at upper, mid and lower pole of each kidney and the mean was taken. Then the mean of right and left kidneys was taken to calculate the mean ADC of the patient.Results: Serum creatinine in present study ranged from 0.67 to 13.9mg/dl, with mean value of 7.28mg/d. Serum urea ranged from 22 to 293mg/dl with the mean of 119.6mg/dl. There was significant inverse correlation occurred between ADC values and serum urea (r=-0.43, p=0.02). There was significant inverse correlation between ADC values and serum creatinine (p=0.01) and a positive correlation between eGFR and ADC values (r=0.14, p=0.47). Conclusions: ADC values consistently decreased with increasing stage of renal failure, so these can be used as an indirect maker of renal function. Authors conclude that lower would be the ADC value more advanced would be the stage of renal failure. DW MRI can also be detect early stages of renal failure even when the serum maker are within normal range.
Comparison of catheterization of internal jugular vein by ultrasound guided versus landmark approach IN I.C.U. patients

Introduction: Central venous line placement is one of the essential procedures in the treatment of critically ill patients admitted in the intensive care unit. Central venous catheterization is required not only for providing a route for delivery of the caustic or critical medications but it also allows for the measurement of central venous pressure. Being an invasive procedure it has a learning curve and is associated with many complications. Hence, we conducted the study comparing catheterization of internal jugular vein by ultrasound guided versus landmark approach, with respect to the ease of insertion and related complications in Intensive Care Unit (I.C.U.) patients. Materials and Methods: 150 patients admitted in the I.C. U, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups based on computer generated randomization table namely: group A (landmark technique) and group B (USG technique) comprising of 75 patients in each group. In landmark approach, the internal jugular vein was located at the apex of triangle formed by the sterna and clavicular heads of sternocleidomastoid muscle and needle was directed towards the ipsilateral nipple when advanced through skin, lateral to the carotid artery pulsations with artery being pushed medially. In USG guided approach, the linear USG probe of 7 MHz connected to a real-time Kontron Medical ultrasound unit, was used with standard two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound imaging to identify the IJV. Catheterization was performed real-time by placing the transducer of the ultrasound parallel and superior to clavicle, over the groove between the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SAX view). A post-procedure x-ray of chest was done as early as possible to assess the placement of CVC and rule out any complication. Results: The two groups were comparable in age, sex and body mass index. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of attempts taken for catheterization of IJV between the two g
Macrophage-Derived Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 Promote the Progression of Cerebral Aneurysms in Rats

Background and Purpose— Mechanisms of initiation, progression and rupture of cerebral aneurysms have not yet been fully understood despite its clinical significance. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteinases which are involved in the remodeling of vascular walls. In the present study, we investigated the significance of MMPs in the progression of cerebral aneurysms. Methods— Cerebral aneurysms were experimentally induced in 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Gelatinase activity in aneurysmal walls was assessed by in situ zymography. A selective inhibitor for MMP-2, -9 and -12, tolylsam, was used to examine the effect of inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Results— Macrophages infiltrated in arterial walls of experimentally induced rat cerebral aneurysms and expressed MMP-2 and -9. Macrophage infiltration and MMP expression was increased with the progression of aneurysms. Gelatinase activity attributable to MMP-2 an.
"Not Just a White Woman's Disease": Radicalizing Eating Disorder Knowledge

Eating disorder knowledge is dominated by a homogenous perspective largely devoid of racial or cultural diversity. Dialogues about what it means to be a woman and what it means to have an eating disorder have historically been singularly situated within the bodies of white women. These predominantly white narratives have served as the foundation for research studies on eating disorders which have shaped knowledge related to eating disorder diagnosis and treatment. By comparing the narratives of black (n=20), white (n=23), and Latina (n=15) women with eating disorders as well as incorporating perspectives from fifteen clinicians who treat eating disorders, this thesis investigates how the diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders is reflective of white-dominated epistemological eating disorder frameworks which further marginalize women of color with eating disorders who interact with institutions of psychology and medicine. Eating disorder diagnostic criteria, as defined by psychological and medical expertise, are evaluated and compared to details shared by women about their eating disorder experiences. New knowledges about eating disorders according to the words of Latina and black women are proposed, integrating women’s individual psychological experiences into the collective social and cultural experiences that inform women of color’s eating disorders. The relationship between heterogeneous eating disorder knowledge and treatment accessibility is also discussed. This thesis concludes that in order for black and Latina women to access more equitable eating disorder diagnosis and treatment, the impact that collective social marginalization has on individual bodies must be integrated into clinical and academic knowledge related to eating disorders.
Periodontal characteristics of diabetic patients with tooth mobility

Abstract Objective: To determine the periodontal characteristics of diabetic patients with tooth mobility attending the Periodontology Clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among diabetic patients with tooth mobility in the Periodontology Clinic in UBTH, Benin City, Nigeria. The indices recorded for the participants were gingival index, community periodontal index of treatment need, and Miller'sindex for tooth mobility. Results: A total of 54 participants who met the inclusion criteria were approached, but only 49 of them consented and participated in this study giving a 90.7% recruitment rate. The age range and mean age of the participants were 42–84 years and 63.84 ± 1.31 years, respectively. The self-reported age of diagnosis was between 41 and 70 years with a mean age of 56.22 ± 6.88 years. About two-thirds (67.3%) of the participants were males. Less than half (38.8%) of patients were visiting the dentist for the first time. Mandibular arch housed about two-thirds (64.9%) of the mobile teeth and mandibular left quadrant housed about one-third of (34.5%) the mobile teeth. Central incisor (42.3%) constituted the most mobile teeth followed by the first molar (28.9%). A total of 17.0% of the mobile teeth were Miller's Grade 3 mobility. More than one-third (28.5%) (code 3 = 26.5%, code 4 = 2.0%) of the participants had periodontal pockets. More than half (52.7%) of participants had probing pocket depth of 5 mm and above. The gingival score which had mean as 1.60 ± 0.08 was significantly associated with age of the participants. The mean probing depth was 4.86 ± 0.21 mm. The probing depth was significant with age and duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) of the participants. Conclusion: Data from this study revealed that age of diagnosis of diabetes with tooth mobility was higher than previously reported. The most mobile teeth and earliest teeth to become mobile were the mandibular incisors, and Grade 1 severity constituted the majority. DM with tooth mobility exhibited gingival score and probing depth that had a variable significant association with demographic characteristics.
Association Study Between the Triallelic Polymorphism of SLC6A4 Gene and Eating Disorders

The serotonin transporter is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene and has been an interesting candidate for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). The present study analyzed the association between the triallelic model of the SLC6A4 gene and eating disorders in Mexican population. Materials and Methods: The 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism was analyzed in 458 eating disorder patients and 337 control subjects. Genotype and allele analyses were examined in 206 BN and 79 AN patients and compared with the control group. Furthermore, genotype and allele analyses were performed on AN-Spectrum (AN-R, AN-BP and AN-EDNOS) and BN-Spectrum (BN-P, BN-NP and BN-EDNOS) groups and compared with the control group. Results: Case-control analysis showed that BN patients had an increased frequency of the S/LG alleles compared to controls (c2=6.9, df=1, p=0.0088). However, no association was found between AN and the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism (c2=3.3, df=1, p=0.0654). Also, an association was observed in genotype distribution when comparing AN-spectrum and control groups (c2=10.1, df=2, p=0.0069); however, analysis of allele frequencies did not show differences after Bonferroni correction (c2=5.6, df=1, p=0.0177). Finally, analysis of BN-Spectrum showed a high frequency of S/L G alleles compared to control group (c2=7.3, df=1, p=0.007). Conclusion: The low activity alleles of the 5- HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene may play a significant role in the etiology of BN subtypes in Mexican population.
Fat embolism syndrome: A comprehensive review and update

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a life-threatening situation, which warrants greater emphasis than it receives in the literature. FE occurs following various medical and surgical conditions leading to a cascade of systemic inflammatory process affecting multiple organs of the body, which may lead to end-organ failure. It has high mortality and morbidity. Despite advancement in science and technology, diagnosis of this fatal syndrome is mainly based on clinical symptoms and signs and no major definitive diagnostic tool and treatment method is available. At present, treatment of this disastrous medical condition is only supportive. In this review, we summarize the incidence, etiology, pathophysiology, and management of FES.
Poststroke seizure: optimising its management

Seizure after stroke or poststroke seizure (PSS) is a common and very important complication of stroke. It can be divided into early seizure and late seizure, depending on seizure onset time after the stroke. It has been reported that ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke accounts for about 11% of all adult epilepsy cases and 45% of epilepsy cases over 60 years of age. However, there are no reliable guidelines in clinical practice regarding most of the fundamental issues of PSS management. In recent years there has been an increased interest in the study of PSS which may give clinical practitioners a better picture of how to optimise PSS management. Studies have indicated two peaks in PSS occurrence—the first day and 6–12 months after a stroke. Haemorrhagic stroke, cortical involvement, severity of initial neurological deficit, younger patients (<65 years of age), family history of seizures and certain genetic factors carry a higher risk of PSS. The use of continuous electroencephalogram has demonstrated significant benefits in capturing interictal or ictal abnormalities, especially in cases of non-convulsive seizures and non-convulsive status epilepticus. Current available data indicated that there was no significant difference in antiepileptic efficacy among most of the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in PSS. Levetiracetam and lamotrigine are the most studied newer generation AEDs and have the best drug tolerance. The purpose of this review is to summarise the recent advances in PSS research and focus on the most important practice issues of PSS management.
Efficacy of transdermal rotigotine in chronic cluster headache: A case series

Cluster headache (CH) is one of the most severe forms of headache, but the number of effective treatments is still limited. Recently, we reported the case of a drug-resistant CH patient responsive to the rotigotine transdermal patch, which is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. This report formed the basis for a case series where other drug-resistant CH patients were treated with rotigotine. Here are the results of this study. Twenty-two CH patients underwent the treatment. Eight were episodic cluster headache (ECH) patients and 14 were chronic cluster headache (CCH) patients. Of the eight ECH patients, four reported that their CH had been stopped by the treatment. Of the 14 CCH patients, 11 were considered responders to the treatment (5 experienced a full resolution of headache, and 6 had a headache reduction of at least 50% in terms of mean monthly number of attacks). Our case series confirms the previous observation that rotigotine could be helpful in the treatment of CH. It may even influence the monoaminergic system that has a key role in the pathogenesis of CH.
Level of Knowledge and Associated Factors of Postnatal Mothers’ towards Essential Newborn Care Practices at Governmental Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background. Globally 4 million newborns die every year before they reach the age of one month and approximately 3.4 million newborns die within the first week of life. Of these deaths, 66% occur during the 1st 24 hours. Late death, i.e., after 24 hours, still occurs 34% and may be prevented if mothers have knowledge about newborn care including dangers sign of newborn. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess level of knowledge and associated factors of postnatal mothers towards essential newborn care practices at governmental health centers in Addis Ababa. Methodology. Institutional-based cross-sectional study with internal comparison was conducted using multistage sampling method in AA health centers from December 5 to January 30, 2016. Result. A total of 512 mothers who came for postnatal visit were interviewed using structured pretest questionnaires. Knowledge was assessed using closed and open ended questions. Poor knowledge has strong association with women’s occupation (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI : (1.38,3.20)). Parity of the women was found as one of significant predictors for poor knowledge of essential newborn care. Women who were primiparas are 1.99 times more likely to have poor knowledge of ENC compared to women who were multiparas AOR = 1.99,95% CI: (1.25,3.20). The other significant predictors for poor knowledge of ENC were ANC visit. Women who had less than four antenatal visits were 0.63 times less likely to have poor knowledge than those who visit four times and above. AOR = 0.63, 95% CI:( 0.40,0.99). Conclusion. Maternal education programs should be given emphasis for the components of ENC for mothers’ knowledge gaps. Special emphasis needs to be placed when educating vulnerable groups including those who failed to fully attend antenatal clinic visits.
Hepatitis C virus entry receptor dynamics and studies of platelet actin dynamics using lifeact-gfp: a potential role for actin nodules in filopodia formation

Virus entry into target cells is mediated by the attachment of viral glycoproteins to cell surface receptors. Entry of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) into hepatocytes has been shown to require viral glycoprotein dimer E1E2 and the target cell receptor CD81, scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI) and the tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin in an undefined mechanism. In this study, we aim to define the dynamic movements of these proteins in the membrane of the polarising hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. We further examine the extent to which these kinetics are perturbed following addition of the soluble viral glycoproteins sE2 and sE1E2, and the small molecule inhibitor of SR-BI ITX5061. The results of this study show that the amount of mobile receptor and the speed at which it diffuses varies according to its location within the cell. CD81 and claudin-1 are expressed equally in the filopodia and plasma membrane, whereas SR-BI is expressed at lower levels in the filopodia compared to the plasma membrane. We show that addition of both sE2 and sE1E2 has varying affects on both the speed and mobility of CD81 and claudin-1 and that the majority of significant effects observed for claudin-1 are observed at areas of potential cell contact. Finally, we demonstrate that addition of ITX5061 affects the diffusion coefficient of CD81 and CLDN-1 and the amount of mobile SR-BI. Furthermore, the effects on SR-BI are limited to areas of cell contact or exploratory regions. In summary, we present data which we hope will further current knowledge of the activity of these receptors in relation to their role in HCV infection.
Comparative study between Acuros XB algorithm and Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm in the case of heterogeneity for the treatment of lung cancer

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of heterogeneity on the dose calculation for two algorithms implemented in the TPS “Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB” and validated the use of Acuros XB algorithm in clinical routine. First, we compare the dose calculated by these algorithms and the dose measured at the given point P, which is found after heterogeneity insert. Second, we extend our work on clinical cases that present a complex heterogeneity. By evaluating the impact of the choice of the algorithm on the dose coverage of the tumor, and the dose received by the organs at risk for 20 patients affected by lung cancer. The result of our phantom study showed a good agreement with several studies that showed the superiority of the Acuros XB over the AAA in predicting dose when it concerns heterogeneous media. The treatment plans for 20 lung cancers were calculated by two algorithms AAA and Acuros XB, the results show a statistical significant difference between algorithms for Homogeneity Index and the maximum dose of planning target volume (HI: 0.11±0.01 vs 0.05±0.01 p = 0.04; Dmax: 69.30±3.12 vs 68.51±2.64 p = 0.02). Instead, no statistically significant difference was observed for conformity index CI and mean dose (CI: 0.98±0.18 vs 0.99±0.14 p = 0.33; Dmean: 66.3±0.65 vs 66.10 ±0.61 p = 0.54). For organs at risk, the maximum dose for spinal cord, mean dose and D37 % of lung minus GTV (dose receiving 37% of lung volume) were found to be lower for AAA plans than Acuros XB and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). For the heart D33% and D67% were found to be higher for AAA plans than Acuros XB and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05), but No difference was observed for D100% of the heart. The use of the AXB algorithm is suitable in the case of presence of heterogeneity, because it allows to have a better accuracy close to the Monte Carlo calculation.