Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, and practice among Saudi primary health care attendees about family planning in Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of contraception are influenced by a host of interdependent demographic, cultural, economic, and social factors, therefore, KAP vary not only in different countries but also from region to region in a country. A cross-sectional study was carried out among Saudi primary health care attendees at Abha city, Saudi Arabia, with the aim to help in developing strategies that may enhance family planning in Abha. Methods: A structured questionnaire was designed by the researcher to obtain the necessary information from all reproductive age group patients who attended primary health care centers in Abha for a period of 1 month (July to August 2017). Statistical analysis was done using two-tailed tests and alpha error of 0.05. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: The study included 314 participants, with age ranging from 18 to 55 years. Among them, 70.4% were female, and 56.1% of the sample were university graduates. Approximately 80.6% of the participants knew about family planning, and 68.1% correctly defined family planning. Hormonal pills were recognized by 53.2% of the participants followed with intrauterine devices. Family members were the most common source of information (51.8%), followed by internet reading (37.5%) and healthcare workers (21.8%). The attitude of the studied group varied. Most of them only wanted to use family planning in agreement with their spouses, and 11.8% had negative attitude due to their fear of side-effects. Currently, 29.6% of the participants were using family planning methods whereas 53.5% had used contraception in the past. Oral contraception was the most commonly used method (49.5%), followed by surgical methods (30.1%) and natural methods (16.1%). Conclusions: The present study reveals that a significantly higher proportion of respondents know about contraception and more than half had good knowledge about contraception. However, the current practice of contraception methods is lower than many regions in the country. The selection of oral contraception as the method of choice is similar to other studies.
Characterization and mapping of a gene controlling shoot regeneration in tomato

Summary The superior regeneration capacity of Lycopersicon peruvianum was introduced into the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum by backcrossing hybrid material with the tomato genotype VF11. In segregating material derived from these backcrosses, the ability to regenerate shoots on root explants cultured on a zeatin-containing medium, was highly correlated with the ability to regenerate shoots on established callus cultures. The efficient shoot-regenerating root explant system permitted us to study the genetics of this trait and to locate the genes involved, using a set of morphological markers defining all 12 tomato chromosomes. Depending on the tomato genotype, mono, -di- or trigenic ratios were observed. It is concluded that a dominant L. peruvianum allele at a locus (Rg-1) near the middle of chromosome 3 determines efficient shoot regeneration on root explants in tomato in combination with dominant alleles at one or two other loci of either L. peruvianum or L. esculentum origin. The map location of the Rg-1 locus was refined further using a number of chromosome-3-specific RFLPs. The addition of new classical and RFLP linkage data to existing literature data and subsequent processing resulted in a revised and integrated map of tomato chromosome 3. From a morphological and physiological analysis of genotypes differing in Rg phenotype, it is concluded that the genetic component associated with regeneration determines the maintenance of morphogenetic competence and not the sensitivity to hormones.
Studies on Lophocoleaceae XXII. The systematic position of Amphilophocolea RMSchust. together with comments on the status of Tetracymbaliella Grolle and Lamellocolea RMSchust

DNA sequence results show that Amphilophocolea, a monotypic genus endemic to New Zealand, is nested within Heteroscyphus. A morphological examination of specimens that agree with the protologue shows it to be identical to Heteroscyphus knightii. Heteroscyphus cymbaliferus in the DNA sequence analyses is sister to the clade consisting of the rest of Heteroscyphus, and the monophyletic Chiloscyphus and Lamelocolea, and suggests that the genus Tetracymbaliella should be reinstated. Lamellocolea is not included in either Chiloscyphus or Heteroscyphus in the trees derived from sequence data, but its position as sister to Chiloscyphus obtained from the Bayesian analysis lacks significant support.
Osmoregulatory plasticity of the glass eel of Anguilla anguilla: freshwater entry and changes in branchial ion-transport protein expression

The glass-eel stage of the life history of Anguillid eels (Anguilla spp.) makes the important physiological transition from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) osmoregulation. Central to successful adaptation to fresh water is the switch from active hypoosmoregulation (ion excretion) to active hyperosmoregulation (ion uptake) to counter passive fluxes imposed by concentration gradients. Anguilla anguilla (L.) glass eels, captured from the lower Minho River estuary and maintained in brackish water (BW; 24), were fully capable of adapting to FW following acute transfer. In a comparison between SW- (34) and FW-adapted glass eels, gill Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+:K+:2Cl cotransporter (NKCC) expression were both markedly reduced in the FW group. Branchial mitochondria-rich chloride cells (MRCs) were also significantly larger in SW-adapted glass eels. Apical CFTR Cl channel immunoreactivity associated with branchial MRCs was also only present in SW-adapted glass eels. The expression of these three ion-transport prot.
Micropropagation of Endemic and Endangered Mexican Species of Ponytail Palms

Experiments were conducted to establish an effi cient protocol of micropropagation of Beaucarnea gracilis and B. recurvata two endemic and endangered Mexican species. Mul- tiple shoots were induced by direct organogenesis from in vitro seedlings and longitudinal sections of seedlings in both species. The highest formation of shoots per explant, both B. gracilis and B. recurvata, was obtained from longitudinal sections of seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 22.2 µM 6-benzylaminopurine, induced 8.2 and 11.1 shoots per explant respectively. In vitro rooting was readily achieved on MS medium with 1 g/l activated charcoal without growth regulators. According to initial treatment and depending on where the shoots come from, the rooting rates were 61% to 100% for B. gracilis, and 83% to 100% for B. recurvata. Survival rates in greenhouse conditions for both species were 80% to 100% after 3 months. These results indicate that the micropropagation of these species of Beaucarnea is technically feasible, and that in vitro culture is a useful option for the conservation and propagation of these important endangered species. The Beaucarnea genus is part of the No- linaceae family, endemic to North America and part of Central America (Eguiarte et al., 1994; Hernandez, 1993b;). Beaucarnea distribution extends from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico (near the Tropic of Cancer) to Honduras and probably to northern Nicaragua in Central Amer- ica. All species of Beaucarnea (about 10) are considered threatened or endangered. Of these, nine are endemic to Mexico with B. gracilis and B. recurvata catalogued as threatened species.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Bornean treeshrews (Tupaia spp.)

In this study, we developed five microsatellite loci from an enriched genomic library constructed for the pygmy treeshrew ( Tupaia minor ), and adapted another two from a previous study on the common treeshrew ( Tupaia glis ), for use in studying mating and dispersal patterns in Bornean treeshrews. We screened 32 plain treeshrew ( Tupaia longipes ) and 54 large treeshrew ( Tupaia tana ) individuals at these loci. Polymorphism ranged from two to 13 alleles, and heterozygosity ranged from 0.29 to 0.88. These results indicate the general utility of these microsatellites for genetic analyses in other Tupaia spp.
Variability of rainfall and its current trend in Amhara region, Ethiopia

In most of African countries whose economy is heavily depending on rainfed agriculture, accurate estimation of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall and observing its trends are crucial input parameters for securing sustainable agricultural production. This paper examines the spatial and temporal rainfall characteristics of Amhara Region, Ethiopia; using standard rainfall statistical descriptors. For this purpose, 10 meteorological stations with 30 years of daily rainfall data have been used. Variations of rainfall were found in every month in all stations. The spatial distribution of annual rainfall was varied from 850 to 1485 mm. Belg (“small rainfall” in March – May) rain makes a considerable contribution to the annual total in the central and eastern stations of the region. Annual rainfall has shown negative and positive anomalies for much of the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. Although the long term movements of rainfall in a time series did not show any increasing or decreasing trend, contraction of the length of growing period due to early cessation of rainfall had been observed in recent years. However, for improving precision and reliability of the application of the findings for practical use, increasing the number of study stations is found central. Key words: Africa, Ethiopia, Amhara, belg, spatial and temporal variability, rainfall trend.
Synthèse bibliographique des souillures modèles utilisées en laboratoire pour l'évaluation de l'adhérence des souillures, l'encrassement et la nettoyabilité des surfaces

L'encrassement des surfaces est un probleme chronique dans les industries de transformation. L'etat de proprete de surface est donc un parametre critique a l'egard des performances du processus de production et de la qualite finale d'un produit. De ce fait, le nettoyage et la desinfection sont indispensables. La strategie la plus importante de reduction de l'encrassement, d'optimisation du nettoyage et de la desinfection est de comprendre leurs mecanismes. Ceci permet de trouver des moyens de reduction, voire d'elimination de l'encrassement ou d'amelioration des procedes de nettoyage et de desinfection. Ce document presente une synthese de differents modeles de salissures repertories dans la litterature specialisee pour l'etude des phenomenes d'encrassement et de nettoyage. Les modeles de salissures organiques, minerales, microbiologiques, particulaires et de salissures composees sont presentes. Ces modeles sont particulierement pertinents pour l'etude en laboratoire de l'encrassement ou de l'adherence des salissures et le nettoyage des surfaces. Les principales caracteristiques de ces modeles de salissures ainsi que leurs avantages et leurs inconvenients, l'application des resultats de laboratoires en industrie sont examines et discutes.
Estimating site productivity in irregular stand structures by indexing the basal area or volume increment of the dominant species

Estimating site productivity in irregular structures is complicated by variations in stand density, structure, composition in mixed stands, and suppression experienced by subordinate trees. Our objective was to develop an alternate to site index (SI) and demonstrate its application in models of individual-tree and stand growth. We analyzed coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. ) tree and stand growth in a grid of 234 permanent sample plots covering a 110 ha study area in north coastal California. Partial harvesting created a mosaic of densities and openings throughout the 60-year-old redwood-dominated forest. Redwood SI was a poor predictor of volume increment (VI) per hectare among redwood in each plot over two decades after harvest. A new index of redwood basal area increment (BAI) productivity, calculated using inventory data for all stems in even-aged stands and the oldest cohort of multiaged stands, was a stronger predictor of VI. Diameter increment of individual redwood trees co.
Long-term Outcomes in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Prior studies of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) are limited by short-term follow-up. Contemporary long-term outcomes and change in myocardial function over time are poorly characterized. This retrospective cohort study included women with PPCM at the University of Michigan (2000-2011), with follow-up on March 31, 2017. Subsequent pregnancies were excluded. Recovery was sustained left ventricular Ejection Fraction (EF) ≥55%. Major Adverse Events (MAE) included death, cardiac transplantation, left ventricular assist device, or inotrope-dependence. A total of 59 women were included (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 29.5 [6.8]; 28.8% Black), with a mean follow-up of 6.3 years. Recovery occurred in 22 women (37%); of these, 8 women (36%) had delayed recovery (>12 months). All cause mortality was 20% (12/59) with median survival 4.2 years; of these, 9 women (75%) died after the first year (range 2 - 10 years). MAE occurred in 19 women (32%); of these, 11 women (42%) had MAE >12 months from time of diagnosis (range 2-20 years). Deterioration in EF by >10% from the time of diagnosis occurred in 16 women (27%). This group had worse long-term outcomes, including lower final EF (mean 25 vs 42%, p=0.010), less recovery (12 vs 46%, p=0.016), and higher rates of death (38 vs 14%, p=0.046) and MAE (56 vs 23%, p=0.016). Women with PPCM have long-term risks of mortality, MAE, and subsequent decline in EF, even in the absence of a subsequent pregnancy. Deterioration in EF is associated with adverse events; thus, long-term management is important.
The TasFACE climate-change impacts experiment: design and performance of combined elevated CO2 and temperature enhancement in a native Tasmanian grassland

The potential impacts of climate change on both natural and managed ecosystems are far-reaching and are only beginning to be understood. Here we describe a new experiment that aims to determine the impacts of elevated concentration of CO2 ((CO2)) and elevated temperature on a native Themeda-Austrodanthonia-dominated grassland ecosystem in south-eastern Tasmania. The experimental site contains 60 vascular plant species. The experiment combines the latest developments in free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology with the use of infrared (IR) heaters to mimic environmental conditions expected to exist in the year 2050. The CO2 concentration in the FACE treatments is reliably maintained at 550 µmol mol −1 and leaf temperature is elevated by an average of 2.1 ◦ C by the IR treatment, with 1-cm soil temperature being elevated by 0.8 ◦ C. Measurements being made in the experiment cover plant ecophysiological responses, plant population dynamics and community interactions. Soil processes and ecosystem effects, including nutrient cycling and plant animal interactions, are also being investigated. Collaborations are invited from interested parties.
Influence of food type on the production and settling rate of faecal pellets produced by an estuarine copepod

Production of faecal pellets by the herbivorous estuarine copepodGladioferens imparipes, and the rate at which the pellets sink through a water column, were investigated in the laboratory. Pellet production rate, at excess food concentration, varied among food types, with a maximum rate of 3.2 pellets h –1 copepod –1 when copepods were fed on the diatom Skeletonema costatum, and a minimum of 1.5 when fed on the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas globosa. Pellet production rates may have reflected feeding prehistory and related effects on food preference and ingestion rates. Settling rates ranged from 2.0 m day –1 for pellets produced on the thecate dinoflagellate Scrippsiella sp. to 71.8 for pellets produced on S. costatum. The estimate of settling rate was strongly influenced by the method used to measure it and measure pellet density. Application of the laboratory results to average copepod densities in the Swan River estuary suggested a conservative estimate of production of 360 pellets L –1 day –1 , or 8 ˜g C and 1 ˜g N, given appropriate food conditions. With a conservative estimate of settling rate at 6.3 m day –1 , pellets would easily reach the sediments within a tidal cycle in many parts of the Swan River estuary.
Incentive Effects and Managerial Compensation Contracts: A Study of Performance Plan Adoptions

Compensation packages offered to top executives vary widely across firms. The reasons why some firms use specific compensation agreements and others do not is not well understood. One explanation is that the types of incentive problems faced by the firm vary according to its particular circumstances. A compensation package which aligns the interests of managers and shareholders in one setting may be ineffective in another. Evidence in support of this theory is provided by recent studies in the accounting literature which suggest that the choice of a compensation package is systematically related to observable firm characteristics (Smith and Watts [ 1982, 19841, Lewellen, Loderer, and Martin [1987]). This paper contributes to this line of inquiry by examining the relation between the decision to adopt a long-term, accounting-based, performance plan and the types of manager-shareholder conflicts faced by the firm. Two sources of conflict are considered. First, managers may use a decision horizon that is shorter than that preferred by shareholders. Second, managers may be more risk-averse in selecting investment projects than is preferred by shareholders. Performance plans are adopted when existing compensation agreements-notably stock options-fail to resolve these conflicts. It is argued that stock options are ineffective in resolving the horizon problem when the firm faces a mature investment opportunity set. Stock options are also likely to impose excessive risk on the manager when the firm is undergoing a period of strategic change. Thus, firms with stagnant investment opportunity sets and those which are undergoing strategic change tend to adopt performance plans. Further, performance plan adopters are more likely than nonadopters to discontinue grants from stock option plans. To test these propositions, a sample of 81 performance plan adoptions and a random sample of 78 nonadoptions for the period 1971 to 1980 is collected. Statistical analysis indicates that firms with stagnant investment opportunity sets and firms undergoing strategy changes tend to be performance plan adopters. There is also evidence that performance plan adopters
The maize Lc regulatory gene up‐regulates the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of Petunia

Summary Petunia (cv. Mitchell) transformants were produced which expressed the maize Leaf colour (Lc) cDNA under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and had enhanced pigmentation in both vegetative and floral tissues. In flowering transgenic lines, intense pigmentation of leaves, stems and sepals occurred, along with lower levels of pigmentation in the flower tube and limb. No anthocyanins were detected in leaves, sepals and flower limb of wild-type Mitchell petunia. Of the 12 phenylpropanoid genes examined, transcript levels for nine flavonoid-specific biosynthetic genes were up-regulated in the transgenic Lc lines, including weak activation of CHS, CHI and F3H along with stronger activation of DFR, F3′H, F3′5′H, ANS, UFGT and 3RT. PAL, C4H and FLS were unaffected by Lc. Lc-induced pigmentation in Mitchell petunia appears to be specific to the sub-epidermal layer in all tissues examined, including the flower limb. The results show that the monocot Lc regulatory gene from maize can up-regulate the expression of both early and late flavonoid biosynthetic genes and enhance anthocyanin production in the dicot species Petunia.
Measuring and Manipulating Beliefs and Behaviors Associated with Free Wil l The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Free will is typically considered a cornerstone of moral and legal responsibility. So what would happen if our belief in free will turned out to be nothing but a sophisticated illusion? One concern is that if such skepticism became widespread, the very pillars of morality could be shaken at their metaphysical foundations. This is not merely a tempest in an academic teapot. Recent findings from social psychology suggest that people who are exposed to anti– free will primes are more likely to cheat (Vohs & Schooler 2008) and behave aggressively (Baumeister, Masicampo, & DeWall 2009) than participants exposed to pro–free will or neutral primes (see also Baumeister et al. 2009; Rigoni, Soon, Sartori, & Brass 2011; Shariff et al. under review). In short, the gathering data suggest that people’s believing they have free will could be instrumentally valuable from the dual standpoints of positive psychology and public morality, regardless of whether they actually have free will. Since people’s traditional views about agency and responsibility are increasingly challenged by some of the world’s leading scientists and philosophers, we need to understand what effects (if any) these claims may have on people’s beliefs and behaviors. Toward this end, our project set out to accomplish three primary objectives: (1) to develop a new psychometric instrument for measuring people’s OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRSTPROOFS, Tue May 06 2014, NEWGEN
Cahier de recherche 2013-02 Financial Reporting Frauds: A Manifestation of Hubris in the C-Suite? Some Exploratory Evidence

In this paper, we investigate if and how a firm’s managerial, governance and market oversight attributes relate with a propensity to financial misreporting. Our sample comprises both firms for which there was a regulatory allegation of financial misreporting accompanied by fines as well as firms matched on industry and size with no evidence of misreporting. Our findings suggest that proxies for managerial hubris (active mergers and acquisitions strategy, complex corporate structure, top-rated managers) fed by fawning media and financial analysts, may be a potential driver of financial misreporting. At an individual level, hubris is characterized by exaggerated selfconfidence, arrogance and oblivion to reality. In contrast, governance and market oversight processes do not seem to have been effective in detecting or preventing financial misreporting, with independent boards of directors proving especially ineffectual. Our findings suggest that formal processes may get coopted by a managerial (C-) suite culture that houses hubristic tendencies.
Digital Transformation In Manufacturing: Drivers, Barriers, And Benefits

This paper investigates the drivers, barriers, and benefits that can be associated with management decisions regarding the implementation of digital technologies in Russian manufacturing enterprises. The empirical basis of the study is the results of the business tendencies surveys for 2018 and 2019. Potential factors for the introduction of digital technologies were divided into three groups: drivers of business activity (production and economic parameters), drivers of digital activity (parameters characterizing the level of enterprise involvement in digital processes) and barriers, preventing the enterprise from transitioning to digital transformation. In the first part, regression analysis is used to identify the relevant factors among the drivers and barriers. In the second part, the benefits expected by enterprise managers from the implementation of individual digital technologies are revealed. Significant drivers are the number of specialists working in the enterprise in the field of information and communication technology (ICT), the presence of a developed strategy in the field of digital technologies, involvement in the government’s digital agenda, and a positive perception of the economic situation at the enterprise by its management. Among the expected benefits, the most important are the optimization of production and logistics operations, increasing the level of customer service and expanding the customer base.