Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concentration of phenolic compounds from apple pomace extracts by nanofiltration at lab and pilot scale with a techno-economic assessment

Apple pomace can be used as resource for the extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. Pressing of apple in juice and pomace at lab scale in open air (aerobic) and under N2 atmosphere (anaerobic) showed a recovery of phenolic compounds of 85% in juice and pomace after anaerobic pressing, compared to 43% after aerobic pressing, indicating loss of phenolic compounds by oxidation and the advantage of anaerobic over aerobic pressing. After a membrane screening and concentration test at lab scale, the commercial nanofiltration membrane NFX was selected to concentrate phenolic compounds in an ethanol : water extract of apple pomace. At pilot scale, the concencentration of 10 selected phenolic compounds and quinic acid increased from 59.5 mg/L in the ethanol : water extract to 1256.1 mg/L in the final retentate, that is, by a factor 21.1. The volume of the crude extract was reduced by a factor of 28.5 during the filtration, indicating some loss of phenolic compounds during pilot testing due to membrane fouling or oxidation of polyphenols. The pilot concentration test using a spiral-wound membrane module showed good flux and concentration of phenolic compounds, indicating the technical feasibility of membrane technology for efficient concentration of polyphenols in an ethanol : water extraction solvent. Unfortunately, the extraction and concentration process was not economically feasible under the assumptions made. Practical applications The valorization of food waste for the production of high-added value products is an increasingly hot topic. Phytochemicals are present in relatively low concentration in the fruit matrix, and concentration in the extraction solvent is necessary to develop an industrially relevant process. In this study, membrane filtration was selected for concentration due to its low energy consumption and mild processing conditions compared to other technologies. Membrane screening and testing at lab and pilot scale with techno-economic assessment can be used by food and nutraceutical industries to evaluate membrane technology for concentration of phytochemicals extracted from agroindustrial by-products.
The weight part of Serre's conjecture for GL(2)

Let p > 2 be prime. We use purely local methods to determine the possible reductions of certain two-dimensional crystalline representations, which we call "pseudo-Barsotti-Tate representations", over arbitrary finite extensions of the p-adics. As a consequence, we establish (under the usual Taylor-Wiles hypothesis) the weight part of Serre's conjecture for GL(2) over arbitrary totally real fields.
Long-term plant community development as influenced by revegetation techniques.

A revegetation techniques study was initiated during the fall of 1976 in northwestern Colorado in a disturbed sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) community. The study included 2 irrigation treatments, three seed mixtures, 2 seeding techniques, and 2 fertilization treatments. Short-term results were published and conclusions were made regarding the initial success of each treatment. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of each treatment on plant community production, species composition, and species diversity after 20 years of plant community development. Among irrigated plots, the native seed mixture produced greater aboveground biomass compared to an introduced mixture and a mixture of both native and introduced species (combination seed mixture). The native seed mixture also resulted in greater total species richness than the introduced mixture when averaging over all other treatments. Altered seeding rate ratios among life forms as well as altered seeding methods (drill versus broadcast seeding) did not significantly alter plant community development after 20 years. However, a single application of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased grass production on plots seeded to the combination seed mixture. All revegetation plots have remained grass-dominated. However, shrub biomass was greater in the native and combination mixtures than in the introduced mixture under initial irrigated conditions in part due to successful establishment and growth of four-wing saltbush (Atriplex canescens Pursh Nutt.). Thus, the seed mixtures evaluated in this study have resulted in distinctly different plant communities and demonstrate that such initial treatments can influence long-term plant community development on severely disturbed rangelands. Broadcast seeding a native seed mixture that has been irrigated for 2 growing seasons without fertilization appears to be an effective long-term combination of cultural revegetation practices. DOI:10.2458/azu_jrm_v54i6_newman
High Performance Near-Infrared (NIR) Photoinitiating Systems Operating under Low Light Intensity and in the Presence of Oxygen

Photopolymerization under near-infrared (NIR) light is challenging due to the low energy of the absorbed photon but, if successful, presents significant advantages. For example, this lower energy wavelength is safer than UV light that is currently the standard photocuring light source. Also, NIR allows for a deeper light penetration within the material and therefore resulting in a more complete curing of thicker materials containing fillers for access to composites. In this study, we report the use of three-component systems for the NIR photopolymerization of methacrylates: (1) a dye used as a photosensitizer in the NIR range, (2) an iodonium salt as a photoinitiator for the free radical polymerization of the (meth)acrylates, and (3) a phosphine to prevent polymerization inhibition due to the oxygen and to regenerate the dye upon irradiation. Several NIR-absorbing dyes such as a cyanine borate and a silicon–phthalocyanine are presented and studied. Systems using borate dyes resulted in methacrylate monome.
Effects of Cetylpyridinium Chloride and Peroxyacetic Acid Treatment of Broiler Frames on Salmonella Incidence and Mechanically Separated Chicken Quality

Mechanically separated chicken (MSC) has a high incidence of Salmonella since it is separated and homogenized from multiple broiler frames. In addition, limited research has been reported on the reduction of naturally contaminated Salmonella on chicken carcasses or chicken frames. Therefore, broiler frames were treated with antimicrobial solutions of 0.1% peroxyacetic acid (PAA) or 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride with Citrilow (CPC) for contact times of 30, 60, 90, or 120 s and evaluated for their effectiveness at reducing the incidence of naturally contaminated Salmonella spp. on broiler frames and decreasing Salmonella counts on inoculated frames that were ground and sieved into MSC. Treatment times for PAA and CPC did not affect (P > 0.05) % incidence of Salmonella on naturally contaminated broiler frames. While CPC30 showed a greater % reduction in incidence (P < 0.05) than PAA30, CPC90 and CPC120 did not differ (P > 0.05) from PAA90 and PAA120. However, the CPC treatments imparted a greater decrease in incidence of Salmonella on frames than PAA. For inoculated frames, both antimicrobial treatments at all treatment times had fewer (P < 0.05) Salmonella counts in MSC than their controls. Treated MSC samples were evaluated for pH, color, cook loss and protein bind. On average, CPC treatments were lighter (CIE L*; P < 0.05) than PAA treatments, and PAA treatments were more red (CIE a*) and more yellow (CIE b*; P < 0.05) than CPC treatments. All treatments produced MSC with lesser hue values than their controls. Protein bind and cook loss results indicated that the PAA treatments had no significant impact on MSC quality. Frames that were treated with CPC for 60 s yielded less protein bind than the control, which indicates less protein functionality.
Threshold for Vapor Nanobubble Generation Around Plasmonic Nanoparticles

Vapor nanobubbles are transient bubbles that are generated by plasmonic nanoparticles illuminated by a pulsed laser and that have been proposed for cancer therapy. Their physical properties are, however, poorly understood. In this article, we discuss the conditions of appearance of these nanobubbles, on the basis of a hydrodynamics phase field model. In particular, we critically assess the role of the Laplace pressure which was invoked to control the onset of nanobubble production. We clearly demonstrate that capillary effects have only a mild effect on the process of nanoscale vaporization. We also characterize the threshold of nanoscale boiling under different conditions of nanoparticle size and contact angle. We conclude that a very thin shell of liquid water should be brought at the spinodal temperature Tspin ≃ 550 K, which gives upper bounds for the shell assumption of Katayama et al. (Langmuir 2014, 30, 9504), who consider that a finite volume should be heated at Tspin to create a nanobubble. The ex.
The Plant—An experiment in urban food sustainability

Indoor farming and food production systems present a unique opportunity for altering the sustainability of the urban food landscape through innovations in food, energy, and water (FEW) flows. Compared to traditional farming, growing indoors has been shown to be significantly more efficient with water usage and can reduce the amount of organic waste in runoff. However, indoor farming requires large amounts of energy for lighting and climate control, which can in turn exacerbate environmental impacts. Many experiments in indoor farming are taking place in cities across the world. This article presents a case study of The Plant, a renovated former meat‐packing facility in Chicago's South Side, which is being repurposed into a collaborative community of food businesses committed to reducing waste. We utilize a Material Flow Analysis (MFA) framework to gather and analyze the FEW flows, but we also illustrate the social impacts, which are important as part of the broader sustainability impacts of the facility. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges in assessing the flow of FEW resources in experimental facilities such as The Plant, and we emphasize the need for ongoing study of such systems in order to determine a path towards sustainable management of food, energy, water, and waste in cities. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 82–90, 2018
Modulation of synaptic transmission

Die extrazellulare Matrix (EZM) des zentralen Nervensystem (ZNS) ist eine komplexe Einheit, die eine wesentliche Rolle in Entwicklungsprozessen sowie in der Synaptogenese spielt. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht mit der Hilfe von elektrophysiologischen Techniken, die Effekte von Chondroitinsulfat Proteoglykanen (CSPGs) auf die Funktion der synaptischen Ubertragung \(\textit {in vitro}\). Dazu wurden primare, embryonale Neurone aus dem Hippokampus in Ko-Kultur mit Astrozyten (Ratte) etabliert. Die Kohlenhydrat-Ketten der CSPGs wurden durch die Zugabe der Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) verdaut. Das Entfernen dieser Ketten erhohte die Anzahl der strukturellen Synapsen und reduzierte die Amplitude den Miniatur postsynaptischen exzitatorischen Strome (mEPSCs). Auserdem wurden die synaptische Aktivitat und der synergetische Effekt von EZM Komponenten in embryonalen Zellkulturen aus genetisch veranderten Mausen, denen definierte Komponenten der EZM (brevican, neurocan, Tenascin-C und -R) fehlen, untersucht.
Distillation Techniques in the Fruit Spirits Production

During the distillation of the fermented fruit mash or juice, ethanol and water are the carriers of a huge number of the other volatile aroma compounds. Unique and distinctive flavour of the final spirits depends on their quantity and quality. Fruit spirits have higher concentration of almost all types of volatile compounds with comparing to other types of distilled spirits. The art of distillation run is to obtain the best balance between congeners present. Two different types of distillation equipment are used for the production of fruit spirits: copper Charentais alembic and batch distillation columns. Although both distillation methods are based on the same theoretical principles, a different quantity of the flavour compounds of the final spirits is produced by using different distillation equipment. The main difference was shown in different distributions of the methanol, n-propanol, higher alcohols and fatty acid esters. Distillation methods need to be adjusted for each fruit spirits regardless to distillation equipment employed because fermented mash of different fruit varieties has a different requirement for distilling. Alembic stills yield better aroma and more characteristic fruit distillates but are slow and require more labour. Column still cleans the distillate giving a decent aroma and higher concentration of alcohol.
Experimental and thermodynamic investigations on the stability of Mg14Si5O24 anhydrous phase B with relevance to Mg2SiO4 forsterite, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite

Abstract High-pressure high-temperature phase relation experiments in Mg14Si5O24 were performed using a 6-8 multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus in the pressure range of 12–22 GPa and temperature range of 1673–2173 K. We first found that Mg14Si5O24 anhydrous phase B (Anh-B) dissociates to Mg2SiO4 wadsleysite (Wd) and MgO periclase (Per) at about 18 GPa and 1873 K. From the results of the high-pressure experiments, the phase boundaries of 5 Mg2SiO4 forsterite (Fo) + 4 Per = Anh-B and Anh-B = 5 Wd + 4 Per were determined. In addition, the isobaric heat capacity (CP) of Anh-B was measured by differential scanning calorimetry in the temperature range of 300–770 K and the thermal relaxation method using a Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) in the range of 2–303 K. From the measured low-temperature CP, the standard entropy (S298.15o) $\begin{array}{} (S{^{\rm o}_{298.15}}) \end{array} $ of Anh-B was determined to be 544.4(2) J/(mol⋅K). We also performed high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements in the range 303–773 K to determine the thermal expansivity (α) of Anh-B. The obtained CP and α were theoretically extrapolated to higher temperature region using a lattice vibrational model calculation partly based on Raman spectroscopic data. Thermodynamic calculations by adopting the thermochemical and thermoelastic data for Anh-B obtained in this study and the estimated formation enthalpy for Anh-B of −13 208 kJ/mol gave phase equilibrium boundaries for 5 Fo + 4 Per = Anh-B and Anh-B = 5 Wd + 4 Per that were consistent with those determined by the present high-pressure high-temperature experiments. The results clarified that, in the Mg14Si5O24 system, Anh-B is stable between 12 and 18 GPa at the expected temperatures of the Earth’s mantle.
Facet-controlled preparation of hybrid perovskite microcrystals in the gas phase and the remarkable effect on optoelectronic properties

Within only a few years, hybrid perovskites have become one of the most intriguing semiconductors in different light-harvesting and light-emitting applications. Their optimization for targeting technological implementation can only be achieved if one gathers knowledge of their fundamental material properties and how they are influenced by factors like composition, particle size, and shape. Not only is shaping hybrid perovskite particles difficult, but capping agents binding to crystal surfaces might influence the intrinsic properties as well. We present a new aerosol-assisted crystallization with a liquid single-source precursor for making shaped CH3NH3PbBr3 crystals with “naked facets”. The formation of microcrystals with either predominant (001) facets or the less favorable (011) facets is achieved. We were able to assemble the particles in a defined orientation on a substrate to investigate the facet influence on the optical properties. We find not only a pronounced influence on the lifetime of the photo-generated charge carriers, but also a shift in the photoluminescence energy, and, using confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, a facet-dependent local enhancement of the fluorescence features. Our study demonstrates that the particle shape is an important tool to modify the properties of hybrid perovskites for optoelectronic applications.
ANÁLISE DE CRESCIMENTO DO FEIJOEIRO A DIFERENTES MANEJOS DE ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NA REGIÃO DO CERRADO

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento do feijoeiro condicionado a adubacao nitrogenada com inibidor de nitrificacao em tres formas de aplicacao e quatro dosagens na cultura irrigada em condicoes de Cerrado. O trabalho foi conduzido na area experimental do Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Ceres, em uma area irrigada. O delineamento experimental ocorreu em blocos casualizados, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com parcela subdividida, em que, a parcela consistiu-se em quatro doses de N (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1) e a subparcela em tres formas de aplicacao sendo total na semeadura, total em cobertura e 50% na semeadura e 50% em cobertura, com 4 repeticoes. A avaliacao da massa seca total (MST) e indice de area foliar (IAF) foram realizados num periodo semanal e, posteriormente, de 14 em 14 dias, em oito estagios de crescimento, de 21 ate 85 dias apos a emergencia (DAE). A partir da aquisicao dos dados, foram calculados razao de area foliar, razao de peso foliar, area foliar especifica, taxa de assimilacao liquida, taxa de crescimento da cultura e taxa de crescimento relativo. As formas de aplicacao do nitrogenio nao afetaram os valores de MST e IAF entre os periodos de desenvolvimento do feijoeiro. As doses de nitrogenio nao afetaram os valores de MST e IAF entre os periodos de desenvolvimento da planta. O maior acumulo de massa seca foi dado aos 57 DAE.
The Effects of Biased Labor Market Expectations on Consumption, Wealth Inequality, and Welfare

Idiosyncratic labor risk is a prevalent phenomenon with important implications for individual choices. In labor market research it is commonly assumed that agents have rational expectations and therefore correctly assess the risk they face in the labor market. We analyse survey data for the U.S. and document a substantial optimistic bias of households in their subjective expectations about future labor market transitions. Furthermore, we analyze the heterogeneity in the bias across different demographic groups and we find that high-school graduates tend to be strongly over-optimistic about their labor market prospects, whereas college graduates have rather precise beliefs. In the context of a quantitative heterogenous agents life cycle model we show that the optimistic bias has a quantitatively sizable negative effect on the life cycle allocation of income, consumption and wealth and implies a substantial loss in individual welfare compared to the allocation under full information. Moreover, we establish that the heterogeneity in the bias leads to pronounced differences in the accumulation of assets across individuals, and is thereby a quantitatively important driver of inequality in wealth.
Trade Openness and Growth: A Network-Based Approach

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to the study of international trade that leads to a measure of country openness that is quite different from the various alternatives proposed by the received literature. In contrast to these, our measure does not use indicators of aggregate trade intensity, trade policy, or trade restrictiveness but relies on a broad systemic viewpoint on the effects of trade. More specifically, it goes beyond direct trade connections and measures a country’s level of integration in the world economy through the full architecture of its second, third, and all other higher-order connections in the world trade network. We apply our methodology to a sample of 204 countries spanning the period from 1962 to 2016 and perform a Bayesian analysis of model selection to identify the most important correlates of growth. The analysis finds that there is a sizable and significant positive relationship between our integration measure and a country’s rate of growth, while that of the aforementioned traditional measures of outward orientation is only minor and statistically insignificant. We perform several sensitivity checks and conclude that our baseline findings are very robust to either different data sets or alternative variations of the integration measure. Overall, this suggests that a network-based approach to measuring country openness may provide a valuable perspective on economic growth.
Contracts and Firms' Inflation Expectations

Abstract We use novel survey data to study firms’ inventory contracts. We document facts about the usage of purchase and sale contracts. We find that firms purchase and sell inventory through three contractual arrangements: fixed price and quantity, fixed price only, and fixed quantity only. Those using fixed price and quantity hold the largest share of contracts. The average duration of purchase contracts is not very different from the average duration of sale contracts. We then find that the upward bias in inflation expectations is a feature of firms that do not purchase or sell largely through contracts. Our findings are useful in the calibration of sticky price models.
A Perspective on Future Productivity Growth in Canada

In the first contribution to the Symposium included in this volume on Future Productivity Growth in Canada, Thomas Wilson of the University of Toronto presents forecasts based on the FOCUS macroeconometric model of the Canadian economy. This model projects labour productivity growth to grow at an average annual rate of 1.7 per cent over the 2002-2025 period. Wilson is somewhat more optimistic, seeing labour productivity growth of around 2 per cent per year. Reasons behind his more rosy scenario include a greater pace of capital deepening due to much slower labour force growth, the realization of productivity gains from past investments in information and communications technologies, a mitigation of future business cycles due to greater use of automatic stabilizers, and continued benefits from trade liberalization.
The construction of uniconnected involutive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of multipermutational level 2 with odd size and a Z-group permutation group

In the first part of this short paper, we investigate the retraction of finite uniconnected involutive non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation by means of left braces, giving a precise description in some cases. In the core of the paper, we also use left braces to construct all the uniconnected involutive non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions having odd size and a Z-group permutation group, giving a precise characterization of the ones having multipermutation level at most 2. As an application, we completely classify all the uniconnected involutive non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions having odd square-free size.
Inferring dark matter substructure with astrometric lensing beyond the power spectrum

Astrometry—the precise measurement of positions and motions of celestial objects—has emerged as a promising avenue for characterizing the dark matter population in our Galaxy. By leveraging recent advances in simulation-based inference and neural network architectures, we introduce a novel method to search for global dark matter-induced gravitational lensing signatures in astrometric datasets. Our method based on neural likelihood-ratio estimation shows significantly enhanced sensitivity to a cold dark matter population and more favorable scaling with measurement noise compared to existing approaches based on two-point correlation statistics. We demonstrate the real-world viability of our method by showing it to be robust to non-trivial modeled as well as unmodeled noise features expected in astrometric measurements. This establishes machine learning as a powerful tool for characterizing dark matter using astrometric data.