Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SECOND ORDER MUTATION TESTING FOR LUSTRE PROGRAMS

: Lustre is synchronous language, widely used for the development of reactive systems, control systems and monitoring systems, such as nuclear reactors, civil aircraft, automobile vehicles. In particular, Lustre is suitable for developing real-time systems. In such applications, testing activities for fault detection play a very important role. Mutation testing is one of the most commonly used techniques for evaluating the probability of fault detection of test data. However, there are three main challenges: (1) a large number of mutants (leading to a very high computational cost); (2) real fault simulation by generated mutants; and (3) equivalent mutant problems. There are many different approaches which have been proposed for overcoming the above-mentioned problems of mutation testing. Each solution has its own advantages and disadvantages. Among them, higher order mutation testing, which was first introduced in 2009, is the only approach abling to address of all three mutation testing problems, and the only one to deal with the problem of realism of injected defects. In this paper, we propose an application of second order mutation testing for Lustre program. The experimentation of second order mutation testing on some Lustre programs shows the better result in terms of mutation score compared to first order mutation testing. This opens a promising direction in improving mutation testing for Lustre programs.
Jasus Edwardsii Larval Recruitment Off the East Coast of New Zealand

Geographic differences in levels of Jasus edwardsii puerulus settlement on the east coast of New Zealand during the 1980's were associated with differences in abundance offshore of mid- and late-stage phyllosoma larvae and with water flow patterns. Levels of puerulus settlement on crevice collectors and abundance of phyllosomas in plankton samples were greatest off the North Island south of about East Cape. The pattern of phyllosoma abundance appeared to be determined by factors which included levels of local larval production and the oceanography. Phyllosomas occurred almost exclusively seaward of the continental slope while most pueruli were caught on the shelf. Some phyllosomas reached final stage about 12 months after the spring hatching, but often metamorphosis to the puerulus stage and settlement did not take place until the following summer to spring; this gives an oceanic development period of 12-24 months. Settlement seasons have been generally consistent over time scales of 1-3 decades. Most commonly, settlement is in winter, but the main settlement seasons vary according to locality, nearby sites having similar seasons except over particular stretches of coastline where seasons change radically. Reasons for the seasonal pattern in settlement are unknown. Year to year levels of settlement were correlated at widespread sites, showing that factors which drive larval recruitment may influence large areas in a similar way at the time.
Aggressive behaviours of female Drosophila melanogaster are influenced by their social experience and food resources

Abstract Aggressive behaviours of female Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) were studied in the laboratory. These behaviours included ‘approach’, a seemingly intentional movement of a fly to another fly, ‘lunge’, a dash at another fly, and ‘wings erect’, a brief erection of wings toward another fly. These behaviours were influenced by social experience and food resources. First, event frequencies of aggressive behaviours were higher in flies that had been held in isolation than in those that had been held in crowded conditions. This difference was the result of the social experience of attacking flies and not that of attacked flies. Second, flies showed aggressive behaviours more frequently when they were on food containing yeast colonies than when they were on food without yeast colonies. Third, flies conditioned to a food solution containing live yeast prior to observation showed lower frequency of aggressive behaviours than flies conditioned to a boiled food solution. Development of aggressive behaviours became apparent one day after eclosion.
Do changes in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillet fatty acids following a dietary switch represent wash‐out or dilution? Test of a dilution model and its application

The fatty acid compositions of fish tissue lipids usually reflect those of the feed lipids, but few attempts have been made to predict the way in which the profiles change or assess the time required for the fatty acid profile to stabilize following a dietary change. The present focus on the influences of vegetable oils and fish oils on the fatty acid compositions and sensory attributes of fish fillets increases the interest in the ability to make such predictions. A dilution model was tested using data for the influences of feed oils (rape/linseed (V) vs. sand-eel (F)) and dietary fat concentrations (ca. 30% (H) vs. ca. 20% (L)) on the body growth and fatty acid compositions of the fillets of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , parr and post smolt. Fish given HV or LV feeds during freshwater rearing (mass increase from ca. 19 g to ca. 130 g) were switched to HF and LF feeds following parr-smolt transformation. The changes in fillet percentages of 18:1, 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3) during 98 days of on-growing in seawater (mass increase from ca. 130 g to ca. 380 g) conformed closely to predictions made on the basis of the dilution model. Model applications require information about the proportionate increase in fillet fat over time, but the relative changes in body mass can be used as a surrogate provided that both fillet yield (as a % of body mass) and fillet fat percentage change little over time. This is not the case for small salmon, but does seem to apply to larger salmon as they approach harvest size. This means that, for large salmon, ratios of changes in body mass can be substituted for ratios in the quantitative change in fillet fat without the introduction of a large error in the prediction of the change in fillet fatty acid profile following the introduction of a novel feed.
Identification of Cherry green ring mottle virus on Sweet Cherry Trees in Korea

During the 2012 growing season, 154 leaf samples were collected from sweet cherry trees in Hwaseong, Pyeongtaek, Gyeongju, Kimcheon, Daegu, Yeongju and Eumseong and tested for the presence of Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV). PCR products of the expected size (807 bp) were obtained from 6 samples. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of the clones showed over 88% identities to published coat protein sequences of CGRMV isolates in the GenBank database. The sequences of CGRMV isolates, CGR-KO 1-6 shared 98.8 to 99.8% nucleotide and 99.6 to 100% amino acid similarities. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Korean CGRMV isolates belong to the group II of CGRMV coat protein genes. The CGRMV infected sweet cherry trees were also tested for Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV), Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV), Cherry leafroll virus (CLRV), Cherry virus A (CVA), Little cherry virus 1 (LChV1), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) by RT-PCR. All of the tested trees were also infected with ACLSV.
Gel filtration studies of peptide metabolism by rumen microorganisms

Peptide metabolism by rumen microorganisms was investigated by gel filtration using Sephadex G-25 with water as eluant. Protein hydrolysates containing a mixture of peptides were used to calibrate the column. Total peptide in each fraction was estimated from its A206, and free peptide amino groups were analysed by fluorescamine, thus enabling the average peptide Mr to be calculated. Three different protein hydrolysates produced similar, nearly linear, relations between log Mr and elution volume for peptides between 300 and 2000 Da. Trypticase, a pancreatic hydrolysate of casein, was metabolised rapidly in rumen fluid in vitro. Hydrolysis appeared to be complete after 6 h, leaving a small residual peptide concentration which persisted up to 24 h, equivalent to about 15% of the original peptide concentration of 2 g litre−1. Residual peptides from casein hydrolysis were 0.05 g litre−1 at 24 h. Peptides accumulated in rumen fluid of sheep receiving dietary ionophores. Two hours after feeding, the accumulation with monensin appeared to be of peptides of a wide Mr range, while tetronasin caused an accumulation mainly of smaller, <570 Da, peptides. Treatment of Trypticase with acetic anhydride afforded 76% protection of its peptides from degradation to ammonia in a 6-h incubation. When Trypticase was fractionated by gel filtration then acetylated, none of the fractions was protected significantly better than others.
Environmental control and potential fate of size-fractionated phytoplankton production in the Greenland Sea (75° N)

Environmental control and potential fate of phytoplankton production were investigated in the Greenland Sea (75 degree N) in June 1989. Phytoplankton biomass, taxonomic composition and production were size fractionated. Total primary production was generally high (up to > 0.9 g C m super(-2) d super(-1)), especially in the Arctic Front. The production per unit biomass P super(B)(z) was a nonlinear function of the vertical distribution of irradiance E(z), especially for the >5 mu m fraction where E(z) accounted for 60 to 97% of the variance of P super(B)(z). Much of the subsurface chlorophyll was probably not photosynthetically active due to limitation by irradiance. There was a marked transition in several variables at the Arctic Front. To the west (Arctic Domain), waters were cooler and slightly less saline than to the east (Atlantic Domain), concentrations of silicate were lower, and total primary production was generally lower. The structure of phytoplankton assemblages (diatoms and dinoflagellates) changed at the front. Results confirmed the previously reported trend of a progressive decrease of phycoerythrin-containing cyanobacteria with increasing latitude. In the Arctic Domain, primary production was generally dominated by cells >5 mu m, but this was not proportionally reflected in the standing stock which was dominated by the <5 mu m fraction.
Diversity and Host use of Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata, Oribatida) Phoretic on Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae): Global Generalists, Local Specialists?

ABSTRACT Mites (Arachnida: Acari) are one of the most diverse groups of organisms associated with bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), but their taxonomy and ecology are poorly understood, including in Canada. Here we address this by describing the diversity, species composition, and host associations of mesostigmatic and oribatid mites collected from scolytines across four sites in eastern Ontario, Canada, in 2008 and 2009. Using Lindgren funnel traps baited with &agr;-pinene, ethanol lures, or Ips pini (Say) pheromone lures, a total of 5,635 bark beetles (30 species) were collected, and 16.4% of these beetles had at least one mite. From these beetles, a total of 2,424 mites representing 33 species from seven families were collected. The majority of mite species had a narrow host range from one (33.3%) or two (36.4%) host species, and fewer species had a host range of three or more hosts (30.3%). This study represents the first broad investigation of the acarofauna of scolytines in Canada, and we expand upon the known (worldwide) host records of described mite species by 19%, and uncover 12 new species. Half (7) of the 14 most common mites collected in this study showed a marked preference for a single host species, which contradicts the hypothesis that nonparasitic mites are typically not host specific, at least locally. Moreover, host records from the literature and those of this study together suggest that at a global scale, bark beetle mites have a broad host range, while at a local scale many species are host specific.
Comparative ozone sensitivity of old and modern Greek cultivars of spring wheat

SUMMARY Ten cultivars of spring wheat, bred and introduced in Greece between 1932 and 1980, were exposed to ozone (180 μg m−3) or to charcoal-filtered air (< 4 μg O3 m−3) for 21 d. Ozone sensitivity was assessed by recording the extent of visible injury, effects on mean relative growth rate (R) and changes in fast fluorescence kinetics. Ozone significantly (P < 0.01) depressed the mean relative growth rate (R) and there were significant (P < 0.01) differences in response between cultivars. Moreover, there was a highly significant (P < 0.002) negative relationship between the reduction in R and the year of introduction; the more modern the cultivar the greater its sensitivity to ozone. Ozone reduced root growth relative to the shoot, but the effect varied with cultivar. Although all varieties developed typical visible symptoms of ozone damage, there was little relationship between the extent of this damage and effects on growth, or changes in fluorescence. After 18 d fumigation there were significant (P < 0.001) changes in fast fluorescence kinetics in leaves that had not developed visible symptoms of injury. The ozone-induced reduction in t1/2 was closely related (r= 0.92, P < 0.002) to the depression in R, indicating that a fluorescence assay based upon changes in the rise in fluorescence between Fo and Fm can be used to distinguish between genotypes of contrasting ozone sensitivity. It is concluded from this study that inadvertent selection by plant breeders may have resulted in modern varieties of some crop plants that are considerably more sensitive to ozone than their predecessors. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed.
GREEN BRAND EFFECTS ON GREEN PURCHASE INTENTION (LIFE RESTAURANT NEVER ENDED)

Currently the restaurant business is growing rapidly in Bandung. This development occurred because of the support of people's behavior to eat outside the home. The issue of environmental damage such as global warming and the greenhouse gas effect, encouraging the emergence of restaurants that provide healthy products and green products. This restaurant appears in order to improve healthy behavior, reduce waste, and provide education to people to live healthy and to protect the environment. One of them is Restoran Kehidupan Tidak Pernah Berakhir (KTPB) which is a vegan restaurant in Indonesia that provides a healthy lifestyle by eating only vegetables and to educate consumers to consume green products. This study aims to determine the effect of Green Brand Positioning, Green Brand Knowledge, Attitude Toward Green Brand in increasing Green Purchase Intention. This research is a quantitative explanatory study using 400 community respondents. Bandung. The calculation and data processing will use Amos software. The results showed that, Green Brand Positioning has a significant impact on Green Brand Knowledge and has significant implications for change for Green Brand Attitude Towards and has a significant influence on Green Purchase Intention. Those variables have a significant impact on the Green Purchase Intention for consumers Kehidupan Tidak Pernah Berakhir Restaurants (KTPB).
Sugar accumulation and development of loquat fruit.

Development of loquat fruit was divided into two phases. The first was growth phase characterized by a growth of seed. The second was maturation phase characterized by decreasing acid content, color development and softening of the pulp tissue. In addition to these phenomena, sugar accumulation and a rapid increase in the fresh weight of the pulp tissue were also observed during maturation. This pattern of maturation is similar to that of fig fruit. The loquat fruit began to evolve ethylene at the beginning of the maturation phase.Sorbitol was a predominant component in the young fruits of loquat. Although sorbitol content increased during the fruit development, its percentage relative to total sugar decreased. Sugar accumulation was accelerated at the beginning of the maturation phase. Sucrose was accumulated faster than any other sugar during this phase, and was a major sugar in the ripe fruit, while sorbitol became a minor component. Ninety percent of the sugar present in the ripe fruit was accumulated within two weeks of maturation. This sugar is thought to be supplied by other parts of the plant.
Inclusive growth without structural transformation? The case of Brazil

Through rapid urbanization, Brazil? previously a country where most workers were in the agricultural sector? went through a strong process of structural transformation that lasted almost four decades until economic liberalization at the beginning of the 1990s. During the same period, income inequality remained practically stable and at high levels, only falling at the end of the 1990s. Taking a historical point of view, this paper analyses the Brazilian experience during three periods: 1950 to 1964, 1964 to 1994, and 1994 to 2011.
Establishment of Temperate Pasture Species into Alfalfa by Frost-Seeding

Mature alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stands are generally unsuitable as pastures because of their low plant density and the relative inability of alfalfa plants to tolerate grazing pressure. The objective of this research was to determine the potential for introducing new species into mature or declining alfalfa stands by frost-seeding. Experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 at the University of Wisconsin Agricultural Research Stations near Arlington, WI (four sites), and Lancaster, WI (three sites). Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were frost-seeded into mature alfalfa stands at seeding rates of 0, 55, 110, 220, 440, and 880 seeds m Competition from existing vegetation was reduced by clipping the fields in the autumn prior to seeding and harvesting (by either grazing or clipping) during the seeding year. Seedling counts were taken approximately 60 and 90 d after seeding. Seedling densities were similar at 60 and 90 d after seeding in both years. There was variability in the magnitude of species establishment and density among sites, but species ranking order was fairly consistent across sites. Species ranking for seedling density was perennial ryegrass > orchardgrass, smooth bromegrass, and red clover > timothy and reed canarygrass (59, 28, 20, 22, 13, and 5 seedlings m -2 , respectively). All species showed a linear or quadratic response to increasing seeding rate, but the response varied with species. Results of this research indicate that establishment of these species by frost-seeding is possible and that this technique can increase plant diversity within pastures.
EFFECTS OF EDAPHOCLIMATIC FACTORS ON ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI COLONIZATION IN CHITTAGONG BCSIR RESERVE FOREST, BANGLADESH

The present experiment was conducted for exploring, selected plant species, the edaphic and climatic variability of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) colonization for the first time in Bangladesh. The highest colonization was obtained from Phyllanthus emblica (100%) followed by Cynodon dactylon (90%) and the lowest was in Catharenthus roseus (15.38%) in top soil but in sub soil the highest colonization was noted in Plumbago auriculata (66.67%) followed by C. dactylon (50%) and the lowest in C. roseus (9%) but no colonization was obtained in Paederia fotieda and Strychnos nux-vomica. AMF colonization was the highest in rainy season but varied randomly in summer and winter. Results exhibit AMF colonization variation depending on edaphoclimatic factors which might be very effective tool for management of sustainable agriculture. Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are the most important soil beneficial organisms and form symbiotic associations with the majority of terrestrial plant species (Smith and Read 2008). This relationship of host plant and fungi is naturally mutualistic. The benefits of this mutualism is related to the fungus deriving carbon from the host and the plants, in turn obtains numerous potential benefits (Harley and Smith 1983), mostly enhanced uptake and transport of relatively immobile soil nutrients (especially phosphorus), improved water relations, reduced pathogenic infections (Muthukumar and Udaiyan 2002). Ecological studies on the community structure of AMF are generally restricted to the top 20 cm of soil, where most of the root biomass is concentrated (Brundrett 1991). The distribution and functionality of AM in natural ecosystems are not clearly understood, but information in their prevalence and importance in natural ecosystem is limited and often contradictory (Muthukumar and Udaiyan 2002). Only a few studies on mycorrhizal fungi colonization including the subsoil have been conducted. Mycorrhizal colonization (Rillig and Field 2003), extra-radical mycelium decreases with increasing soil depth. Edaphic factors or soil nutrient status are claimed to be implicated in the patterns and timing of the development of AM fungi (Mullen and Schmidt 1993). Edaphic factors such as soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil depth, soil phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen, sulfur, organic matter, calcium, magnesium, iron concentration etc. and climatic factors indicate soil moisture, temperature, rainfall etc. Favorable condition of edaphoclimatic factors always favors in growth of agricultural production and ecosystem processes including microbial activity. Conditions of the soil moisture are known to affect root development and AM colonization. Reduction in soil moisture may lead to reduce nutrient availability and may *Author of correspondence: <saidurgene@yahoo.com>. Rangamati Govt. College, Rangamati Hill District, Bangladesh. Applied Botany Research Division, BCSIR Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Industrial Botany Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Chittagong, Bangladesh.
EFFECT OF FEED COLOURS ON GROWTH, FEED UTILIZAT ION AND BIOCHEMIC AL PARAMETERS OF BLUE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS AUREUS, STEINDACHNER, 1864) ABSTRACT: Higher final weight of fries of Oreochromis aureus

Higher final weight of fries of Oreochromis aureus was attained due to feeding on the tested coloured feeds rather than basal diet. Non-significant changes were reported for most of growth parameters for fries. However, they have significant reduction of specific growth rate (SGR) due to feeding on blue and yellow feeds. On the other hand, fingerlings fed with basal diet exhibited a better growth performance than those fed with different feed colours. Significant reduction in final weight (Wf), weight gain and average daily weight gain (ADG) of fingerlings fed brown feed colour were reported compared to control. Aspartate aminotranaminase (AST, E.C 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT, E.C 2.6.1.2) activities were significantly reduced in fries fed with blue and brown feeds compared to control. Similarly, alkaline phosphatase (ALP, E.C.3.1.3.1) activity and albumin level were significantly reduced in case of fries fed with brown feed colour. For fingerlings, there were significant differences found among the experimental groups, in total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, and cholesterol. Glutathione (GSH) and water content were generally reduced in fingerlings fed with the examined tested coloured feeds. Blue and brown feed colours induced significant reduction in most of the tested biochemical parameters from those of the control. The present study suggests that using coloured feeds did not promote growth of Oreochromis aureus, both fries and fingerlings. Also, adverse biochemical changes for those fed with coloured feeds were reported. Therefore, ordinary basal diet is recommended.