Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Do We Know About Child Sexual Abuse? Myths and Truths in Spain

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a terrible type of maltreatment that can have serious physical and psychological consequences for victims. These consequences include shame and are often taboo in conversation, which makes CSA very difficult to see. Therefore, multiple myths exist about CSA that can lead to misperceptions regarding issues such as its context, prevalence, and consequences. What is unknown cannot be addressed; therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate Spanish participants’ knowledge about CSA as well as examine gender and educational level differences. A 10-item questionnaire comprising myths and truths about CSA was developed, taking into account existing literature. Participants (N = 1,540) had to rate their level of agreement with the statements. Some important aspects of CSA remain unclear, particularly in terms of the background of the victims (e.g., gender, educational level, CSA prevalence). Significant differences in the perception of CSA between men and women and among those with various educational levels were found: Men and people with lower levels of education held more myths about CSA. In conclusion, better knowledge about CSA is needed to get people involved in its prevention. We must consider the myths and truths about CSA when designing prevention programs and tailor educational programs to the target population.
Neighborhood Predictors of Outpatient Mental Health Visits Among Persons With Comorbid Medical and Serious Mental Illnesses.

OBJECTIVE Individuals with serious mental illnesses are at risk of receiving inadequate outpatient mental health services, increasing the likelihood of medication nonadherence, readmission, and self-harm. The purpose of this study was to identify individual- and neighborhood-level factors associated with outpatient mental health visits. METHODS This study included 418 participants from two randomized trials of patients with comorbid medical conditions and serious mental illnesses across two study sites between 2011 and 2017. On the basis of individual addresses, data were collected about participants' distance to the nearest mental health facility and 13 neighborhood characteristics from the American Community Survey. Three neighborhood-level factors were derived from factor analysis. Poisson regression was used to assess associations between individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics and the number of visits to mental health providers. Known individual-level risk factors for outpatient follow-up were mutually adjusted in a model with neighborhood covariates added. RESULTS Male gender, older age, unemployment, and lower education level were associated with less outpatient mental health service utilization. Neighborhood-level residential mobility, defined as the combination of percentage of residents living in a different house in the past year and percentage of non-owner-occupied housing, was significantly associated with fewer mental health service visits even after controlling for other neighborhood- and individual-level factors. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with comorbid medical conditions and serious mental illnesses, living in neighborhoods with higher residential mobility was associated with fewer visits to outpatient mental health providers. This finding suggests the importance of recognizing social conditions that may shape clinical interactions.
Effect of a Diet Supplemented with the Moringa oleifera Seed Powder on the Performance, Egg Quality, and Gene Expression in Japanese Laying Quail under Heat-Stress

Simple Summary The debilitating effect of heat stress on egg production is well known, but its mechanism is not understood. Some studies attribute for this bad effect on the reduction in feed intake to high temperature or the relation between heat stress and reproductive and ovarian dysfunction, which cause a lowering in egg production. Heat stress directly affects ovarian function by altering the secretion of ovarian hormones such as prolactin. Moringa seed powder plays an effective role in overcoming the effect of heat stress, through the flavonoids and other phenolic compounds present in it. Hence, we investigated the effect of feeding Moringa oleifera seed powder with different concentrations, on egg production, egg quality trait, and the expression levels of selected ovarian genes in quail layers subject to heat stress. We found that supplementing laying Japanese quail feed with the Moringa oleifera seed powder at level 0.3% enhanced resistance to heat stress condition and consequently improved egg productivity. Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three concentrations of the Moringa oleifera seed powder as a feed supplement on the productive performance and egg quality traits of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to heat stress. The expression patterns of the genes estrogen receptors (ESR2), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), prolactin receptor (PRLR), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) were estimated in ovaries, using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 200 laying quail aged seven weeks were randomly allocated to the following four experimental groups—the control (CNT), T1, T2, and T3 groups; each group comprised 50 quail females with 5 replicates (10 per group). The CNT group was fed a basal diet, whereas the T1, T2, and T3 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% M. oleifera seed powder, respectively. The results revealed that the T3 group showed the highest hen-day egg production (%) as well as the highest egg yolk index. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio improved significantly (p < 0.05) with increased concentrations of the M. oleifera seed powder supplementation. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of ESR2, FSHR, and STAR increased significantly in the T3 group, compared to those in the CNT group. Alterations in ovarian gene expressions corresponded to the reproductive patterns of the treated Japanese quail. Thus, it was concluded that the supplementation of the Japanese quail feed with 0.3% M. oleifera seed powder during the laying period might enhance resistance to heat stress and consequently improve egg productivity.
4D Micro-Computed X-ray Tomography as a Tool to Determine Critical Process and Product Information of Spin Freeze-Dried Unit Doses

Maintaining chemical and physical stability of the product during freeze-drying is important but challenging. In addition, freeze-drying is typically associated with long process times. Therefore, mechanistic models have been developed to maximize drying efficiency without altering the chemical or physical stability of the product. Dried product mass transfer resistance (Rp) is a critical input for these mechanistic models. Currently available techniques to determine Rp only provide an estimation of the mean Rp and do not allow measuring and determining essential local (i.e., intra-vial) Rp differences. In this study, we present an analytical method, based on four-dimensional micro-computed tomography (4D-μCT), which enables the possibility to determine intra-vial Rp differences. Subsequently, these obtained Rp values are used in a mechanistic model to predict the drying time distribution of a spin-frozen vial. Finally, this predicted primary drying time distribution is experimentally verified via thermal imaging during drying. It was further found during this study that 4D-μCT uniquely allows measuring and determining other essential freeze-drying process parameters such as the moving direction(s) of the sublimation front and frozen product layer thickness, which allows gaining accurate process knowledge. To conclude, the study reveals that the variation in the end of primary drying time of a single vial could be predicted accurately using 4D-μCT as similar results were found during the verification using thermal imaging.
Exploitation of Antarctic marine living resources: a brief history and a possible approach to managing the krill fishery

Four major phases in the exploitation of Antarctic marine living resources are identified and briefly described, viz. exploitation of seals, whales, finfish and krill Euphausia superba Dana. The pattern of exploitation has shifted from one group of resources to another. The recent efforts of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources are considered in relation to management of finfish exploitation and to the development of a scientifically based management plan for krill. Special emphasis is given to the data required for the effective management of the krill fishery, per se, given the current limited knowledge of the potential yield of the resource and in the face of uncertainty concerning key aspects of the species' biology/ecology. A recent South African initiative aimed at developing a practical management strategy for the Antarctic krill resource is described.
Selective Degradation Permits a Feedback Loop Controlling Annexin A6 and Cholesterol Levels in Endolysosomes of NPC1 Mutant Cells

We recently identified elevated annexin A6 (AnxA6) protein levels in Niemann–Pick-type C1 (NPC1) mutant cells. In these cells, AnxA6 depletion rescued the cholesterol accumulation associated with NPC1 deficiency. Here, we demonstrate that elevated AnxA6 protein levels in NPC1 mutants or upon pharmacological NPC1 inhibition, using U18666A, were not due to upregulated AnxA6 mRNA expression, but caused by defects in AnxA6 protein degradation. Two KFERQ-motifs are believed to target AnxA6 to lysosomes for chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and we hypothesized that the cholesterol accumulation in endolysosomes (LE/Lys) triggered by the NPC1 inhibition could interfere with the CMA pathway. Therefore, AnxA6 protein amounts and cholesterol levels in the LE/Lys (LE-Chol) compartment were analyzed in NPC1 mutant cells ectopically expressing lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (Lamp2A), which is well known to induce the CMA pathway. Strikingly, AnxA6 protein amounts were strongly decreased and coincided with significantly reduced LE-Chol levels in NPC1 mutant cells upon Lamp2A overexpression. Therefore, these findings suggest Lamp2A-mediated restoration of CMA in NPC1 mutant cells to lower LE-Chol levels with concomitant lysosomal AnxA6 degradation. Collectively, we propose CMA to permit a feedback loop between AnxA6 and cholesterol levels in LE/Lys, encompassing a novel mechanism for regulating cholesterol homeostasis in NPC1 disease.
Effects of Nigella sativa on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammatory and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammatory and oxidative stress. Two independent authors systematically examined online databases consisting of, EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until October 30, 2019. Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was applied to assess the methodological quality of the studied trials. The heterogeneity among the included studies were assessed using the Cochrane's Q test and I‐square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. A total of 50 trials were included in this meta‐analysis. We found a significant reduction in total cholesterol (WMD: −16.80; 95% CI: −21.04, −12.55), triglycerides (WMD: −15.73; 95% CI: −20.77, −10.69), LDL‐cholesterol (WMD: −18.45; 95% CI: −22.44, −14.94) and VLDL‐cholesterol (WMD: −3.72; 95% CI: −7.27, −0.18) following supplementation with N. sativa. In addition, there was significant reductive effect observed with N. sativa on fasting glucose (WMD: −15.18; 95% CI: −19.82, −10.55) and HbA1C levels (WMD: −0.45; 95% CI: −0.66, −0.23). Effects of N. sativa on CRP (WMD: −3.61; 95% CI: −9.23, 2.01), TNF‐α (WMD: −1.18; 95% CI: −3.23, 0.86), TAC (WMD: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.63), and MDA levels (WMD: −0.95; 95% CI: −2.18, 0.27) were insignificant. This meta‐analysis demonstrated the beneficial effects of N. sativa on fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, total‐, VLDL‐, LDL‐cholesterol levels.
Cenobamate (YKP3089) as adjunctive treatment for uncontrolled focal seizures in a large, phase 3, multicenter, open‐label safety study

During the development of cenobamate, an antiseizure medication (ASM) for focal seizures, three cases of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) occurred. To mitigate the rate of DRESS, a start‐low, go‐slow approach was studied in an ongoing, open‐label, multicenter study. Also examined were long‐term safety of cenobamate and a method for managing the pharmacokinetic interaction between cenobamate, a 2C19 inhibitor, and concomitant phenytoin or phenobarbital.
Hepatitis C Screening Rates and Care Cascade in a Large US Insured Population, 2010-2016: Gaps to Elimination.

Understanding the health care system's ability to move patients through the hepatitis C virus (HCV) care cascade from screening to treatment is essential for HCV elimination. This retrospective study describes real-world HCV screening rates and care cascade steps to identify gaps in care for patients with HCV in the United States. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years as of the measurement year (calendar year between January 1, 2010-December 31, 2016) and were commercial and Medicare Advantage with Part D members in the Optum Research database with continuous health plan enrollment 5 years prior to and during the measurement year. Incident and prevalent screening rates were calculated for each measurement year. Care cascade steps were analyzed via Kaplan-Meier analysis and logistic regression among patients with a positive HCV ribonucleic acid test. Cohorts were selected based on birth year (pre-1945 birth cohort, 1945-1965 birth cohort, post-1965 birth cohort). Among the 1945-1965 birth cohort, incident and prevalent screening rates increased from 1.6% to 4.7% and 10% to 18%, respectively, from 2010 to 2016. The proportion of patients attaining each independent cascade step within 1 year of screening increased significantly over time for genotype testing (P = 0.0283) and receipt of treatment (P < 0.0001). Median time from screening to treatment decreased from 1627 days (95% CI 1335-1871) in 2010 to 282 days (95% CI 223-498) in 2015. HCV screening and completion of the care cascade has improved for certain patient populations; however, gaps remain, highlighting the urgent need to address barriers to meeting HCV elimination goals.
Personalized strategies in population screening for prostate cancer

This review discusses evidence for population‐based screening with contemporary screening tools. In Europe, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐based screening led to a relative reduction of prostate cancer (PCa) mortality, but also to a substantial amount of overdiagnosis and unnecessarily biopsies. Risk stratification based on a single variable (a clinical variable or based on the presence of a lesion on prostate imaging) or based on multivariable approaches can aid in reducing unnecessary prostate biopsies and overdiagnosis by selecting men who can benefit from further clinical assessment. Multivariable approaches include clinical variables, and biomarkers, often combined in risk calculators or nomograms. These risk calculators can also incorporate the result of MRI imaging. In general, as compared to a purely PSA based approach, the combination of relevant prebiopsy information results in superior selection of men at higher risk of harboring clinically significant prostate cancer. Currently, it is not possible to draw any conclusions on the superiority of these multivariable risk‐based approaches since head‐to‐head comparisons are virtually lacking. Recently initiated large population‐based screening studies in Finland, Germany and Sweden, incorporating various multivariable risk stratification approaches will hopefully give more insight in whether the harm‐benefit ratio can be improved, that is, maintain (or improving) the ability to reduce metastatic disease and prostate cancer mortality while reducing harm caused by unnecessary testing and overdiagnosis including related overtreatment.
Spontaneous and induced metamorphosis in the American brook lamprey, Lampetra appendix

We described the seven stages of spontaneous metamorphosis in the American brook lamprey (Lampetra appendix) and assessed the importance of size as a determinant of spontaneous and induced metamorphosis. Serum concentrations of the thyroid hormones (TH) thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured in metamorphosing and nonmetamorphosing L. appendix. The sequence of stages in metamorphosis and changes in the relative lengths of most body regions were consistent with data reported for other lamprey species. However, premetamorphic and metamorphosing L. appendix in the early stages of metamorphosis (1-3) were much larger in size (at least 155 mm and 5.40 g) than has been observed for other lamprey species. Serum concentrations of T4 and T3 were high by the end of the larval period and declined significantly by stage 2 of metamorphosis. Larvae ♢130 mm in length were treated with either potassium perchlorate (KClO4; 0.01 and 0.05%) or 10 mg/L propylthiouracil (PTU; 0.0001%) for 117 days from September to January to determine if metamorphosis could be induced by these goitrogens. Both concentrations of KClO4 successfully induced metamorphosis in L. appendix, but the incidence of metamorphosis (62%) was much lower than reported in sea lampreys (98%) of comparable size. Serum concentrations of T4 and T3 declined by 64-76 and 93-96% relative to control values, respectively, in metamorphosing and nonmetamorphosing L. appendix treated with KClO4. PTU elicited declines of 55% for T4 and 80% for T3, but only one animal metamorphosed. Based on these data, we conclude that a decline in serum TH levels is necessary for metamorphosis in L. appendix, but not sufficient by itself to trigger the process.
Delay Reward Discounting in Adolescents With Tourette's Syndrome

Delay reward discounting (DRD) is considered a promising paradigm in support of the Research Domain Criteria initiative, which aims at identifying new targets for the treatment of mental health disorders. A steeper DRD has been frequently linked with a difficulty to control impulsivity. Surprisingly, no research on DRD is currently available in individuals affected by Tourette’s syndrome (TS), although a deficit in impulsivity control is considered a typical symptom of this neuropsychiatric disorder. We bridged this relevant gap of knowledge by studying DRD in a sample of adolescents with TS.
Matrix representation of trees, redundancy, and weighting

Phylogenetic systematics has advanced to the stage that, at least for some groups of organisms, there are now several inde? pendent analyses of relationships among the same taxa. How should these separate estimates be combined into a single tree? One possibility is to join the data sets into a large matrix that is subjected to a suitable method of phylogenetic inference (total evidence sensu Kluge, 1989). How? ever, this approach is difficult when the original data matrices are many and large, and it is impossible when the data are in different format, e.g., a mixture of distance data and discrete characters. Consensus
Milk production responses to turnips fed to dairy cows in mid lactation

Summary. Recently, many dairy farmers in Victoria have grown turnips as a summer fodder crop for lactating dairy cows. This paper reports on a 1 month experiment in which cows were individually fed indoors, and milk yield responses to feeding combinations of turnips and barley were measured. Forty cows in mid lactation were evenly allocated to 5 treatment groups. The control group were offered a basal diet of pasture hay and pasture silage which is similar to that available on many Victorian dairy farms during summer. Cows in the other 4 groups were offered the basal diet and various combinations of turnips and/or barley. Marginal milk responses from barley, turnips and a 50 : 50 mixture of turnips and barley were 0.62, 0.49 and 0.59 L/kg dry matter of supplement eaten. Milk composition of all groups was similar. Despite diets differing greatly in the proportions and physical form of dietary constituents, the mean milk production of each group was accurately predicted by their mean dry matter intake. Measurement of plasma minerals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus) and rumen fluid pH showed that dietary treatments caused some significant (P<0.05) differences but all values were within the normal range. In this experiment, the milk production responses from barley, turnips and combinations of barley and turnips were similar. Since the cost of turnips is generally about half that of barley, it is concluded that turnips are an economic alternative to barley as a feed supplement for summer milk production.
INTERPRETATION OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF VARIOUS NATURALLY OCCURRING ABNORMALITIES OF THE INFLORESCENCE OF WHEAT (TRITICUM)

At the onset of inflorescence production, the shoot apex continues to initiate leaf primordia, in the same alternating sequence of the foliage primordia below. Buds arise so precociously in the axils of the primordia that the apex appears to be producing double structures, the so-called "double ridges". The buds rapidly develop into lateral spikelets but the subtending leaf primordia remain rudimentary. After producing some 20–25 such primordia, the apex initiates the glumes and lemmas of the terminal spikelet, still continuing the same distichous sequence. Occasional deviations from the normal pattern of development seem to be the cause of some of the abnormal inflorescences which may be found: for example, the leaf primordium subtending the lowest lateral spikelet may grow out into a small foliage leaf, or the buds may grow out into side heads instead of single spikelets, or the spikelets may become abnormally elongated. Other abnormalities, such as "banana" twin spikelets and Y-forked heads are less ea.
Nocturnal habitat use of Atlantic salmon parr in winter

We completed 22 night snorkeling surveys between November and March 1995-1997 to quantify Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr habitat use relative to habitat availability in the Rock River, Vermont, U.S.A. On average, post-young-of-the-year (PYOY) parr selected greater water depths in winter than young-of-the-year (YOY) parr, whereas YOY and PYOY parr both selected water velocities (19 cm/s) that were significantly lower than random measurements (46 cm/s). Maturity of PYOY parr had no significant influence on habitat selection. The majority of YOY and PYOY parr at night were found in contact with the stream bottom resting on silt-sand or gravel substrates in velocity dead-zone habitats created by the stream edge or depositional habitats created by midstream rocks and boulders. The strong selection that nocturnal Atlantic salmon parr exhibit for low water velocity areas in winter indicates the importance of maintaining large instream cover that provides refuges from high flows. The similarity that YOY and P.