Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of on-chip design-for-test infrastructure for maximal multi-site test throughput

Multi-site testing is a popular and effective way to increase test throughput and reduce test costs. The authors pro\pose a test flow with large multi-site testing during wafer test, enabled by a narrow SOC-ATE test interface, and relatively small multi-site testing during final (packaged-IC) test, in which all SOC pins need to be contacted. They present a throughput model for multi-site testing, valid for both wafer test and final test, which considers the effects of test time, index time, abort-on-fail and re-test after contact fails. Conventional multi-site testing requires sufficient ATE channels to allow testing of multiple SOCs in parallel. Instead, a given fixed ATE is assumed, and for a given SOC they design and optimise the on-chip design-for-test infrastructure, in order to maximise the throughput during wafer test. The on-chip DfT consists of an E-RPCT wrapper, and, for modularly tested SOCs, module wrappers and TAMs. Subsequently, for the designed test infrastructure, they also maximise the test throughput for final test by tuning its multi-site number. Finally, they present experimental results for the ITC'02 SOC Test Benchmarks and a complex Philips SOC.
Effective Porosity and Flow Rate with Infiltration at Low Tensions into a Well-structured Subsoil

A combination of tension infiltrometers and dye tracers was used to investigate the extent and nature of water movement at low tensions through the well-structured subsoil of Ships clay (very-fine, mixed, thermic, Chromic Hapluderts). Dyed-water was placed in the reservoirs of tension infiltrometers and allowed to infiltrate into the soil under seven tension sequences to separate different size pores effective in transmitting water. Flow patterns were then revealed by exposing dye-stained soil after each infiltration sequence. The results showed that, when water was supplied at tensions <24 cm, the effective porosity (fraction of pores that were stained) in this subsoil was primarily macro- and mesoporosity, which constituted about 5% of the total soil porosity. Under flow at 0-cm tension, macropores =0.5 mm and mesopores from 0.06 to 0.5 mm (radius for cylindrical pores or width for planar pores) contributed about 89% and 10% of the total water flux, respectively. Micropores <0.06 mm contributed the remaining 1% of the total water flux, but constituted about 95% of the total soil porosity. Dye stain patterns showed that water flow at tensions <24 cm in this structured subsoil was primarily controlled by slickenside fissures, root channels, and vertical fissures. The nonuniform flow pattern caused water to penetrate to depths as much as 11 times deeper than expected from a Green-Ampt model that considered the total soil porosity to be active in transmitting water. By replacing the air-filled porosity in the Green-Ampt model with the active macro- plus mesoporosity, calculated wetting front depths were close to the observed maximum dye depths.
Continuous Forensic Readiness

For years information security has focused on implementing preventive measures to avoid IT incidents. In recent years the realization has struck that only trying to prevent IT incidents is insufficient, as examples have shown that a determined attacker with sufficient resources will eventually be successful in breaking or circumventing any preventive measures taken. As such, organizations are now taking a more holistic approach to information security, implementing preventive, detective and responsive measures. Depending on the organization and the nature of the IT incident, response to an incident can contain a forensic analysis. Upon successful completion, such an analysis reveals exactly how the incident occurred, which systems and data have been affected and potentially who is responsible. Upcoming legislation will force organizations to disclose such detailed information on IT incidents to supervisory authorities, in case of data breaches. Being prepared for forensic analysis is known as a state of forensic readiness. Currently there is no generally acknowledged model available on how organizations can achieve that state within the academic literature, nor in the professional market. Furthermore, the limited amount of available guidelines which describe how to (partly) achieve a state of forensic readiness do not describe how organizations can maintain it. This research proposes the Continuous Forensic Readiness Framework (CFRF), based on literature studies and interviews, which allows organizations to reach and maintain a state of forensic readiness. The basis for the CFRF are 44 aspects and corresponding illustrative controls for achieving forensic readiness. These aspects are derived from academic literature and experts on forensic analysis. To allow a state of continuous forensic readiness to be reached, for each aspect the CFRF describes actions to be performed in a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, on the different management levels Strategic, Tactical and Operational. For each of these actions responsibilities are assigned to stakeholders, differentiating between Responsible, Accountable, Supportive, Consulted and Informed (RASCI). The aspects within the CFRF are categorized in People, Process and Technology, and furthermore divided into three levels of importance. This allows the framework to be implemented in a layered manner starting on controls with the highest importance, as well as for each organization to determine on which level they are currently acting. Furthermore, the division in categories allows implementation and maintenance to be delegated within the organization while progress and status can be monitored by assessing the controls. By implementing the CRFR organizations are able to achieve a state of continuous forensic readiness, and are thus prepared to perform forensic analyses at all times.
Transmission line arrester energy, cost, and risk of failure analysis for partially shielded transmission lines

Application of metal oxide surge arresters in power systems has been traditionally linked to electrical equipment protection. The industry has noted a very significant increase in the application of metal oxide arresters on transmission lines in an effort to reduce lightning initiated flashovers. This paper describes a cost-effective installation of surge arresters on a partially shielded transmission line. It compares several options with respect to cost and gains in terms of lightning performance improvement. This paper also presents a new approach to calculate risk of failure of transmission line surge arresters (TLSAs) due to lightning strokes to towers, shield/phase conductors, and illustrates the method with an example for a partially shielded line. Results show that the risk of failure is very small. The installation of TLSAs completed in 1997 demonstrated that it is possible to afford adequate lightning protection levels by selectively applying surge arresters only to the towers most sensitive to backflashover and shielding failures.
Effect of aqueous extracts of three different plants on Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) infesting pepper plants under laboratory conditions

This study aimed to determine the percentage infestation and population parameters of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae under laboratory conditions and evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of three different plants (pot marigold: Calendula officinalis, mint: Mentha viridis and rosemary: Salvia rosmarinus) on the mortality of this aphid. Extracts of these plants were used at three concentrations (C1 = 15%, C2 = 30% and C2 = 45%). Results indicate a percentage infestation of 76.9 ± 9.4%, a mean relative growth rate of 0.062 ± 0.007 and generation time of 11.12 ± 1.42 days. All treatments reduced the numbers of aphids and statistically significantly reduced the number (α < 0.01) recorded after treatment with C1, C2 and C3 of each extract. C. officinalis extract was more effective than those of M. viridis and S. rosmarinus. The highest mortality (69.82 ± 5.23%) and efficacy (61.71 ± 4.46%) were recorded for the C3 of aqueous extract of C. officinalis, whereas the lowest mortality (38.24 ± 2.42%) and efficacy (32.41 ± 1.23%) were recorded for the C1 of extract of M. viridis. The data provided indicate that aqueous extracts of C. officinalis, M. viridis and S. rosmarinus have an insecticidal effect on M. persicae and can be integrated into a pest management strategy to reduce M. persicae abundance on pepper plants.
Train induced ground vibrations: different amplitude-speed relations for two layered soils

Ground vibrations created by running high-speed trains at speeds between 100 and 320 km/h are calculated in detail using transfer functions to model the effects of the moving loads. These transfer functions for layered soils are obtained by integration in the wavenumber domain. The train-induced vibrations in a soil that is considered to consist of single layers of two slightly different soils are analysed for different excitations: for their spectra, attenuation laws and amplitude–speed relations. An important mid-frequency component is shifted through the cut-on region of the layered soil with an increase in the train speed. The cut-on frequency divides the response of the layered soil into a low-frequency low-amplitude range and a high-frequency high-amplitude range. This leads to completely different train speed dependencies for the two soil layers with strongly increasing amplitudes around the cut-on frequency and almost constant amplitudes beyond this frequency. All calculated results closely agree with ground vibration measurements at two corresponding sites, especially if the mid-frequency component is calculated by axle impulses.
Axial Load Capacity of Cast in Place Piles from SPT and CPTU Data

This paper aims to deal with the assessment of axial load capacity for cast in place pile foundations, which are made by the earth drill method, by using the data taken from Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs) and Piezocone Penetration Tests (CPTUs). These tests were carried out as part of the investigation program for P.N. G. Terminal-Power Plant, near Semani beach, in Hoxhara marsh, in the western part of Albania. The design of axial load capacity of piles is based on empirical formula using SPT and CPTU values. This study presents the results of axial load capacity analysis of cast in place piles by different analytical calculation methods, which are based on in situ tests results, and also referring to the Building Standard Law of Japan. In the end of our work, differences between calculations methods by using different in situ tests results are shown in tables and graphs.
Using various artificial soil mixtures to restore dry grasslands in quarries

Quarry restoration is difficult to implement due to the scarcity of the original soil. The restoration of Mediterranean dry grasslands to mitigate similar ecosystem/habitat loss is thus still a developing process. So far, very few studies have created artificial substrates to address the lack of soil. In the La Crau plain (Southeastern France), quarries were established in an ancient Mediterranean steppe‐like dry grassland. Once the remaining grassland zones were protected in 2001, quarries were extended over former intensive orchards established on the grassland in the 1990s before it was protected. Now, restoration has to be done without the unaltered protected grassland soil but with the soil from orchards, which contains fertilizers spread during the orchard exploitation. To recreate a more suitable substrate, the orchard topsoil was mixed with poor substrate materials directly extracted from the quarry (0–30 mm pebbles with sandy matrix). Different substrate mixtures were tested with or without sowing the dominant species of the grassland, a perennial grass: Brachypodium retusum (and an annual grass B. hybridum). After 5 years of monitoring, our results show that raw substrate materials (100%) limit the establishment of all species, and that, at the opposite, orchard topsoil (100%) favors a significantly higher species richness of target and non‐target species. The recommended substrate mixture to reach a compromise between high target species cover and low non‐target species cover is composed of 50% raw quarry material and 50% arable soil. Sowing Brachypodium not only limits non‐target species richness and cover but also reduces target species richness establishment.
Superconducting and semiconducting YBaCuO thin film bolometer investigations for future THz imaging arrays

There is a strong need for wideband and sensitive THz receivers for radio astronomy and remote sensing applications, for which superconducting Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixers are very competitive. Besides, new THz applications have arisen because of interesting interaction with various media, for which room temperature detectors are highly attractive. We have used YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO) oxides to fabricate bolometers, either of high-Tc superconducting HEB type (high oxygen content, &dgr; < 0.3) or semiconducting type (low oxygen content, &dgr; > 0.5). Firstly, we fabricated HEBs made from superconducting YBCO ultrathin films (15 to 40 nm thick) etched to form submicrometer constrictions. In order to investigate the feasibility of highly sensitive HEB linear arrays for passive THz imaging applications, extensive technological runs were performed to prevent ageing effects on both the pixel electrical and optical characteristics. Secondly, we designed YBCO semiconducting bolometric pixels for room temperature operation. Due to the reduced sensitivity and bandwidth with respect to superconducting HEBs, we considered the feasibility of 2D arrays for active THz imaging. As a first experimental step, pixel responsivity and thermal crosstalk between pixels were studied in the 1 Hz to 100 kHz modulation frequency range, so to evaluate the adequate frame refreshing rate.
Seismic evaluation of concrete dams via continuum damage models

In this paper a general methodology for the analysis of large concrete dams subjected to seismic excitation is outlined. It is valid both for gravity dams (2D representation) and arch dams (3D representation). The method allows for non-linear material behaviour of the dam, ‘transparent fictitious boundaries’ for dealing properly with in-coming and out-going seismic waves, and an efficient procedure to deal with dam-soil-fluid interaction. The mechanical behaviour of concrete is modelled using an isotropic damage model which allows for tension and compression damage, and exhibits stiffness recovery upon load reversals. Emphasis is placed in the treatment of fluid-structure interaction, regarding both formulation and efficiency aspects. A gravity dam and an arch dam are analysed subjected to artificially generated earthquakes of different intensities, and the results are used to study the degree of (un)safety of the dams.
Regional anaesthesia practices in India: A nationwide survey

Background and Aims: There are no surveys documenting the existing regional anaesthesia (RA) practices in our country. This nationwide survey aims to record the existing RA practices, identify any lacunae that might exist and project the future direction of evolution. Methods: This online survey consisting of 31 questions was sent to all members of the Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists and addressed participants' demographic features, central neuraxial block and peripheral nerve block practices, drug selection, RA training and safety measures. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24.0. All categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 2141 responses were received, with participants distributed across the country. Forty-two per cent of the respondents reported that more than 60% of surgeries were performed under RA. Most of the participants use 'traditional' test dose for epidural space confirmation. Fifty participants (2.4%) use ultrasound for neuraxial space identification. Twenty per cent of the participants use a checklist for monitoring post-operative epidural analgesia. 6.7% have undergone specialised training in RA. Around 3.5% of the respondents have performed a wrong-side block. 31.4% of the respondents store intralipid in the operating room. Conclusion: The current survey highlights the prevailing practices, various deficiencies in monitoring and the need for RA training programmes. The data accrued can serve as a baseline for future comparison.
Kretzschmaria deusta, a limiting factor for survival and safety of veteran beech trees in Trentino (Alps, Northern Italy)

The importance of veteran trees is well recognised nowadays. The sudden breakage of some of these plants in Trentino (Italy), mainly due to Kretzschmaria deusta , prompted a survey of the veteran beeches reported in this area. Visual tree assessment was carried out in 40 sites with either single trees or groups of beeches, for a total of 115 trees evaluated. Most trees showed serious defects or problems in need of management and 19 had a high level of risk of breakage because of the presence of several structural problems. The presence of K. deusta was recorded on 50.4% of the examined trees. The pathogen was also identified in the proximity of investigated trees at 29 sites. Laboratory tests confirmed the identity of K. deusta by microbiological and molecular approaches and also identified Cosmopora berkeleyana as mycoparasite on K. deusta fruiting bodies. Isolates obtained from declining trees and old stumps showed the same pattern of growth at different temperatures. The risk evaluation emphasised how the fungus could affect the survival and safety of these veteran trees; this was confirmed by the collapse of four of the investigated trees in the last years. Therefore, K. deusta , which has been considered as a facultative parasite up to now, could play a more incisive role both in the decline of old beech trees and the natural evolution of aging beech woods.
Investigation of Gender Differences in Sleeping Comfort at Different Environmental Temperatures

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there is gender difference in sleep comfort of healthy individuals at various temperatures. During winter, sleep quality was examined under different indoor temperatures (17, 20 and 23°C) using questionnaires and electroencephalogram (EEG). To explore the mechanism responsible for gender differences in comfortable sleeping temperatures, mean skin temperature, finger temperature and finger blood flow were measured. The results showed that females would prefer a higher ambient temperature during sleep than the men. The mean skin temperature for females was higher than that of males, whereas finger skin temperature and finger blood flow were significantly lower in females than in males. Furthermore, skin temperature and finger blood flow were more sensitive to ambient temperature with females than in males. The gender differences in preferred sleeping temperature could therefore be related to these physiological characteristics. Both subjective evaluations and EEG found better sleep quality in males under the same temperatures compared to females. Skin temperature changes over the course of the night also demonstrated longer periods of deep sleep in males compared to females.
Rearrangeable nonblocking thermo-optic 4 x 4 switching matrix in silicon-on-insulator

A rearrangeable nonblocking thermo-optic 4 x 4 switching matrix is demonstrated. The matrix, which consists of five 2 x 2 multimode interference-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MMI-MZI) switch elements, is fabricated in silicon-on-insulator waveguide system. The average excess loss for the optical path experiencing 2 and 3 switch elements is 6.6 and 10.1 dB respectively. The crosstalk in the matrix is measured to be between -12 and -19 dB. The switching time of the device is less than 30 mu s.
Intra-articular platelet rich plasma in osteoarthritis knee

Background: Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive disease of the diarthrodial joints. With articular cartilage degeneration, chondrocytes undergo mitosis and clustering. Degeneration of cartilage changes its biomechanical, biochemical, and structural properties. Numerous, non-invasive treatment options are available with emphasis on pain management, improvement in function and with a potential to modify the disease process and progress of cartilage degeneration. Platelets contain many growth factors, cytokines, and bioactive proteins which help regulate tissue healing and restoration. Autologous Platelet rich plasma contains a very high concentration of platelets above baseline levels and hence help in the improvement of disease. Methods: We conducted a study on 70 knees diagnosed as having Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) Grade 2-4 Osteoarthritis knee. Autologous Platelet Rich plasma was prepared and was injected into the affected knee joint. The study group was followed up at 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks. Clinical outcome analysis was done for the efficacy on the basis of WOMAC score and NRS Score. Statistical analysis of data was performed and P-value was calculated. Results: Results obtained after statistical analysis suggested an overall improvement in WOMAC score in all grades of Osteoarthritis knee. Improvement in the patients having early stages was more in comparison to that seen in the patients in late stages. Conclusion: Platelet Rich Plasma therapy in an effective treatment option to improve the clinical outcomes in patients with Osteoarthritis knee. It has an advantage of giving satisfactory outcomes. Also, it is low cost, minimally invasive and safe in application.
Experimental study of hot-carrier effects in LDMOS transistors

Hot-carrier currents and the induced degradation mechanisms in lateral double-diffused MOS (LDMOS) transistors for smart power applications are investigated in detail. Three different regions within the device where significant hot-carrier generation can occur depending on bias as well as device technological parameters have been identified. Guidelines to suppress the degradation mechanisms involving the two lightly doped regions of the device not overlapped by the gate electrode, responsible for the stronger device degradation, are provided. Devices optimized according to the given guidelines have been fabricated and demonstrate a strong hot carrier resistance.
Media Coverage of Injury Prevalence in Tennis: a Content Analysis of Selected Online Newspapers

The health benefits of tennis have been well-described. However, like many other sports, playing tennis places athletes at risk of injury with a lot of physical and psychological effects. Thus, research has indicated the need for systematic studies to design useful strategies for the prevention and treatment of tennis-related injuries. Therefore, via a media-based analysis, this study aims to identify the most commonly reported tennis-related injuries and determine the extent of their news coverage in selected Nigerian online newspapers. Vanguard, Punch, The Nation, The Sun, and ThisDay were selected based on their popularity and online readership. A total of 113 tennis-related news articles were gathered via an internet-based search and subjected to content analysis. The articles were collected from January 2015 until December 2020 using “tennis” and “injury” as keywords. The findings showed that tennis-related injuries occur more often in lower extremities than upper extremities. Also, knee injury, hip injury, and elbow injury were the most commonly reported tennis-related injuries in the selected newspapers. Interestingly, these findings concur with previous clinical research on tennis-related injuries. Further analysis revealed that the selected newspapers paid much attention to tennis-related injuries. However, very few news stories reported official responses to tennis injuries. It was envisaged that this study could provide valuable insights on how to discover more efficient data for tennis injury analysis.