Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variability in the Clinical Effects of the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids DHA and EPA in Cardiovascular Disease—Possible Causes and Future Considerations

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) that includes myocardial infarction and stroke, is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the primary underlying cause of CVD, can be controlled by pharmacological and dietary interventions, including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation. n-3 PUFA supplementation, primarily consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has shown promise in reducing atherosclerosis by modulating risk factors, including triglyceride levels and vascular inflammation. n-3 PUFAs act by replacing pro-inflammatory fatty acid types in cell membranes and plasma lipids, by regulating transcription factor activity, and by inducing epigenetic changes. EPA and DHA regulate cellular function through shared and differential molecular mechanisms. Large clinical studies on n-3 PUFAs have reported conflicting findings, causing confusion among the public and health professionals. In this review, we discuss important factors leading to these inconsistencies, in the context of atherosclerosis, including clinical study design and the differential effects of EPA and DHA on cell function. We propose steps to improve clinical and basic experimental study design in order to improve supplement composition optimization. Finally, we propose that understanding the factors underlying the poor response to n-3 PUFAs, and the development of molecular biomarkers for predicting response may help towards a more personalized treatment.
Thermal evolution of the Sierra Nevada batholith, California, and implications for strain localization

The Sierra Nevada batholith (California, USA) hosts multiple shear zones of different ages and different styles of deformation. In this study we present new data syntheses and maps of U-Pb zircon and hornblende and biotite Ar age distributions through the batholith in order to examine the temporal and thermal settings under which contractional and transpressional shear zones arose. These maps highlight the localization of intrabatholithic shear zones at the boundaries between swaths of some of the oldest and youngest plutons, and help to distinguish deformation styles in the southern and central Sierran arc. We also present new ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar ages and crystallization and deformation temperatures from along the Kern Canyon fault system in the southern part of the batholith, and contrast these new constraints with previously published thermochronological conditions for shear zones to the north. The transpressional proto–Kern Canyon fault was continuously active from ca. 95 to 85 Ma. Deformation temperatures along the fault increase by ∼100 °C from north to south, following the trend of increasing pluton emplacement pressures. These observations, in conjunction with a steep cooling path for the southeastern section of the batholith east of the proto–Kern Canyon fault, support previous interpretations that rapid exhumation in the southernmost part of the batholith followed the arrival and low-angle subduction of an oceanic plateau (the Shatsky Rise conjugate). We suggest that local forces such as these triggered mid-Cretaceous shear zone development in the southern Sierra Nevada batholith, while shear zones in the central part of the batholith, which record the transition from 100–90 Ma compression to 90–80 Ma transpression, were triggered by changing kinematic patterns in regional subduction forcing. This idea is supported by our thermochronologic color contour maps, which reveal an east-west–trending older (and colder) swath within the batholith that may have prevented the more northern shear zones from propagating southward. We contrast the cooling paths of regions within the southernmost part of the batholith, and propose a two-part deformation history in which (1) the 95–85 Ma ductile proto–Kern Canyon fault initiated in the southeast as a compressional structure that transitioned to transpressional, and (2) the 85–75(? ) Ma ductile to brittle Kern Canyon–White Wolf fault initiated in the southwest, accommodated extrusion of shallowly subducted accretionary material and thinning of the overlying batholith, and then overprinted the proto–Kern Canyon fault along its northern end. Shear zone activity within the central Sierra Nevada batholith can thus be distinguished by location: in the central zone deformation arose from regional forces, and in the southern zone deformation was triggered by local forces.
Constraints on the recent rate of lunar ejecta breakdown and implications for crater ages

We present a new empirical constraint on the rate of breakdown of large ejecta blocks on the Moon based on observations from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Diviner thermal radiometer. We find that the rockiness of fresh crater ejecta can be quantified using the Diviner-derived rock abundance data set, and we present a strong inverse correlation between the 95 th percentile value of the ejecta rock abundance (RA 95/5 ) and crater age. For nine craters with published model ages derived from crater counts on their continuous ejecta, RA 95/5 decreases with crater age, as (age [m.y.]) −0.46 . This result implies shorter rock survival times than predicted based on downward extrapolation of 100 m crater size-frequency distributions, and represents a new empirical constraint on the rate of comminution of large rocks not previously analyzed experimentally or through direct observation. In addition, our result provides a new method for dating young lunar craters.
Chapter 11 Geology, volcanic history and petrology of Vulcano (central Aeolian archipelago)

Abstract Vulcano is an active NW–SE-elongated composite volcano located in the central Aeolian archipelago. Based on available radiometric ages and tephrochronology, the exposed volcanism started at c. 127 ka and spread through eight Eruptive Epochs separated by volcano-tectonic events and major quiescent stages. Various eruptive centres and two intersecting multi-stage calderas resulted from such evolution. Vulcano geological history displays several changes of eruption magnitude, eruption styles and composition of magmas through time. Vulcano rocks range from basalt to rhyolite and show variable alkali contents, roughly increasing during time. Magmas with low to intermediate SiO2 contents and high-K to shoshonite affinity prevail in the early Epochs 1–5 (c. 127–28 ka), whereas intermediate to high-SiO2 shoshonite and potassic alkaline products dominate the last three Epochs (<30 ka). This sharp increase in silicic products is related to the shallowing of the plumbing system and resulting major role of the differentiation processes in shallow-level reservoirs. Radiogenic isotope compositions are variable (87Sr/86Sr=0.70424–0.70587, 143Nd/144Nd=0.51254–0.51276, 206Pb/204Pb=19.305–19.759, 207Pb/204Pb=15.659–15.752, 208Pb/204Pb=39.208–39.559) as a result of both source heterogeneities and shallow-level interaction of magmas with continental crust. The compositional variations of mafic magmatism with time suggest that the source zone changed from a metasomatized, fertile, ocean island basalt- (OIB-) like mantle to a metasomatized depleted lithospheric mantle. DVD: The 10 000 scale geological map of Vulcano is included on the DVD in the printed book and can also be accessed online at http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/Memoir37-electronic. Also included is a full geochemical data set for Vulcano.
Effects of anisotropic permeability on stabilization and pore water pressure distribution of poorly cemented stratified rock slopes

Slopes composed of stratified and poorly cemented rocks that fail during heavy rainfalls are typical in the outer zone of Taiwan's Western Foothills. This study investigates how hydraulic conductivity anisotropy influences pore water pressure (PWP) distributed in stratified, poorly cemented rock slopes and related slope stability through numerical simulation. The notion of representing thin alternating beds of stratified, poorly cemented rocks as an equivalent anisotropic medium for ground‐water flow analysis in finite slopes was validated. PWP was then derived in a modelled slope comprising an anisotropic medium with suitable boundary conditions. Simulation results indicate the significance of the principal directions of hydraulic conductivity tensor and the anisotropic ratio on PWP estimation for anisotropic finite slopes. For a stratified, poorly cemented rock slope, estimating PWP utilizing a phreatic surface with isotropic and hydrostatic assumptions will yield incorrect results. Stability analysis results demonstrate that hydraulic conductivity anisotropy affects the slope safety factor and slip surface pattern. Consequently, steady‐state groundwater flow analysis is essential for stratified, poorly cemented rock slopes when evaluating PWP distribution and slope stability. This study highlights the importance of hydraulic conductivity anisotropy on the stability of a stratified, poorly cemented rock slope. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical standards of irrigation and drainage management in paddy field of water-saving and pollution-reduction with high yield

Reasonable irrigation and drainage management in paddy field of water-saving and pollution-reduction with high yield is an effective measure to alleviate water shortages, control agricultural non-point source pollution, and hence develop sustainable agriculture. Aims of this study were to determine effects of different water control programs on the responses of the fractional yield (FY), the rainwater utilization (RUM), the losses of ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and total phosphorus (TP). The relative optimized programs were gained by conducting the multi-objective entropy decision model at each stage. The results showed that the influence of plants flooding on paddy yield was more significant at milking stage than that at other stages. Compared to 5-days and 7-days flooding, FY of 10-days flooding was reduced by 3.41-12.07% and 1.59-5.80%, respectively. Flooding depth demonstrated greater impact on rice yield at milking stage than at other stages. Prolonging flooding period could increase RUM, and RUM values increased more rapidly in 5-7 days than those of 7-10 days. RUM of 10-days flooding was higher of 9.59-28.72% than that of 5-days, and 6.14-8.10% higher than that of 7 days. Prolonging flooding period could reduce the losses of NH 3 -N and TP. The losses amount of NH 3 -N and TP of 10-days flooding reduced by 31.4-81.8% and 112.4-500.4% compared to 5-days flooding, and by 18.1-81.3% and 53.7-254.4% compared to 7-days flooding. Leakage intensity at 2 and 4 mm/d had no significant effect on these indicators. Reasonable irrigation-drainage management was obtained by the multi-objective decision model, leakage intensity controlled at 4 mm/d; for tillering stage, flooding period lasted 5 days, flooding depth was 100 mm; for jointing-booting and milking stage, flooding period lasted 5 days, flooding depth was 250 mm; for heading-flowering stage, flooding period lasted 7 days, flooding depth was 200 mm.
When growth is not enough: Do government transfers moderate the effect of economic growth on absolute and relative child poverty?

Economic growth is commonly seen as the main driver of poverty reduction in a global perspective, but its impact varies substantially across cases. Meanwhile, the literature has been relatively silent regarding the role of social policy in explaining this variation. In light of an emerging attention to redistribution and social protection in promoting inclusive growth, this article analyses how government cash transfer systems moderate the effect of economic growth on both relative and absolute child poverty across low- and middle-income countries. The empirical analyses compare trends within 16 countries, using data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), by means of descriptive analyses and multivariate regression techniques. Findings show that both economic growth and the expansion of government transfer schemes were associated with falling absolute child poverty rates. While the association between growth and relative child poverty was on average more muted, the analyses found growth to be related to reductions in relative child poverty when combined with sufficiently extensive government transfers, while the opposite effect was found in the face of inadequate levels of transfers. The study provides a framework for studying interrelated effects of national institutions and economic processes, with the findings highlighting the fruitfulness of including indicators on social protection policies when inquiring about enabling conditions for inclusive growth in a development context.
Getting comfortable with discomfort: supporting primary science teacher educators’ capacity for socially just pedagogy

Despite longstanding calls for social justice-oriented teaching, there remains limited understanding of how to achieve it. This paper reports findings from a research-development project that explored the experiences of UK-based primary science teacher educators participating in a nine-month equity-oriented professional development programme and offers insights for supporting teacher learning for social justice. Analysis of written reflections and open-ended interviews with 15 teacher educators identified three types of reflection that supported justice-oriented practice: personal privilege in relation to race, class, gender and science; the norms and values of educational professional development; and practical implementation of justice-orientated professional development with teachers and schools. We discuss the importance of creating safe and brave spaces for critical reflection for primary science teacher educators and highlight the productive potential of experiences of discomfort that generated humility, empathy and insights that resulted in more equitable practice. The paper underlines the value of supporting educators to embrace discomfort as part of social justice-orientated professional development and calls for a greater valuing of and support for expanded models of professional development that foreground critical reflection and go beyond ‘top tips’, ‘quick fixes’, and dominant norms around professional ‘politeness’.
Migration anxieties in Eastern Europe. Material grounds for an anti-migrant turn in a global-historical perspective?

ABSTRACT Seeking to understand how socio-historical factors shaped global emigration trends in the new globalization cycle and how Eastern Europe’s integration into these processes might be linked to the rising nationalism and anti-migrant attitudes of this region, we created macro-models on a worldwide sample of 77 countries and examined the impact of the socio-economic change of the early 90’s on later emigration trends. The key research question refers to the macro-historical processes, which facilitated the spread and the rise of anti-migrant nationalism in Eastern Europe. Based on log-linear regression results, we found evidences, which support Bibó’s idea on how the historically evolving “misery” and insecurity of East European nations triggered migration anxieties in the opening-up phase of globalisation. Even though somewhat different developmental trajectories and structural pathways characterize the countries of this region – in terms of the cumulative impacts of opening up to global capital markets, the increasing incomes or re-ruralisation – an ex-socialist Eastern Europe at the fringe of an unequal and open market block seems to be a prime example of how the above pathways could have shaped public mentalities.
Assessment of a hydrologic model's reliability in simulating flow regime alterations in a changing climate

It is a common practice to employ hydrologic models for assessing present and future states of watersheds and assess the degree of alterations for a range of hydrologic indicators. Previous studies indicate that the hydrologic model may not be able to replicate some of the indicators of interest, which raises questions on the reliability of model simulated changes. Hence, we initiated a study to evaluate the replicability of the streamflow changes by employing the widely used variable infiltration capacity hydrologic model for sub‐basins and mainstem of the Fraser River Basin, Canada. Given that the hydrologic regime of the region is known to be influenced by teleconnections to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), we used hydrologic responses to the PDO and ENSO states as analogues for evaluating the model's ability to simulate climate‐induced changes. The results revealed that the qualitative patterns of response, such as lower flows for the warm PDO state compared to the cool state, and progressively higher flows for the warm, neutral and cool ENSO states, were generally well reproduced for most hydrologic indicators. Additionally, while the directions of change between the different PDO and ENSO states were mostly well replicated, the magnitude of change for some of the indicators showed considerable differences. Hence, replicability of both magnitude and direction of change need to be carefully examined before using the simulated indicators for assessing future hydrologic changes, and a reliable replication increases the confidence of projected changes. Copyright © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Hydrological Processes. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climbing and Bush Beans’ Cultivation Effects on Runoff, Soil Properties and Soil and Nutrient Losses in Bufundi Sub catchment, Uganda

xiv CHPATER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background information . 1 1.2 Statement of the problem . 5 1.3 Justification of the research . 6 1.4 Hypotheses . 8 1.5 Objectives of the research . 8 1.5. 1 General objective . 8 1.5. 2 Specific objectives . 8 1.6 Significance and anticipated output . 9 1.7 Scope and limitations . 10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 11 2.
Characterization of sandstone by electrical spectroscopy for stratigraphical and hydrogeological investigations

Electrical spectroscopy is a development of the geophysical techniques of resistivity and induced polarization in which both the in-phase and quadrature components of conductivity are measured over a range of frequencies, in this study between 0.001 and 1000 Hz. Measurements have been made on Permo–Triassic sandstone samples taken from boreholes across the UK and saturated with a synthetic groundwater solution. Some samples were also selected for saturation with different strengths of sodium chloride solution. The lithology of the samples was examined using optical microscopy and parameters such as porosity and pore-throat size have been measured. From this it is clear that the electrical spectra are strongly influenced by many aspects of the sandstone lithology, including carbonate and quartz cementation. Grain and pore-throat size and their distribution are particularly important factors in the frequency dependence of the spectra. Pore surface area is an important influence on the magnitude of the quadrature conductivity. The information contained in the electrical spectra could be a very useful tool for future investigations in geological stratigraphy, hydrogeology and petroleum geology. Electrical spectroscopy can be used in both surface and borehole geophysical measurements.
Cabin crew aero medicine and first aid training in China

Abstract Aero medicine and first aid training is essential in preparing qualified cabin crew for in-flight medical emergencies. Nonetheless, it has always been regarded as a challenging aspect of cabin crew training. Cabin crew have been facing a more complex situation when conducting their duties onboard due to COVID-19. This study aims to explore the current status of aero medicine and first aid training in China. Using the snowballing technique, 17 participants were recruited for the in-depth semi-structured interview, including cabin crew from 9 airlines in China, first aid instructors from airline training centers, and lecturers from universities. Based on thematic analysis, four themes were extracted: required competencies, factors affecting first aid behaviors, course content and instructional strategies. Findings indicated that most airlines in China emphasized training their cabin crew in aero medicine and first aid. However, some conducted recurrent training once every two years, which was insufficient for skills and knowledge retention. Automated External Defibrillators (AED) were rarely equipped onboard. MedAire was not available for all airlines in China. The results pointed out the shortfalls on aero medicine and first aid aspect in China and can help improve the in-flight first aid facilities and optimize the training programs.
Nonlinear behaviour of liquefied natural gas tanks with different seismic isolation systems

This study determines the effects of different types of base isolator systems on the seismic performance of liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks. Nonlinear time-history analyses of the non-isolated and three different isolated models were performed for the average acceleration of seven ground motions scaled to achieve a specified safe shutdown earthquake. The ANSYS Workbench program was used in the modelling studies of the LNG liquid, inner steel tank, outer shell, ring beam, roof and concrete foundation and side wall insulation. The LS-DYNA program was used for the nonlinear analyses of the LNG liquid, inner steel tank and concrete foundation. The results of the total base shear force, sloshing height, steel tank stresses and lateral deflection were compared. The results indicated that there was no difference between the convective and impulsive modes for the LNG tanks with isolators. It was concluded that the wave motion of the liquid was different from the oscillation of the structure and the earthquake isolation times did not affect the sloshing motion. In the non-isolated system, the stress reached 400 MPa, whereas it was 350 MPa on average in the LNG tanks with isolators.
Transformational Leadership on Employee Engagement: The Work Motivation as a Moderation Variable

This study aims to prove the effect of Transformational Leadership on Employee Engagement, besides that this research also proves the impact of Work Motivation in strengthening the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Employee Engagement. The research was conducted on employees of the Tanah Datar District Communication and Informatics Office. The process of collecting data and information was carried out by means of a survey, namely distributing questionnaires to employees within the Communication and Informatics Office of Tanah Datar Regency. This research is a causative research. The data analysis technique used is Structral Equation Modeling (SEM). The stages of data processing are assisted by using the SmartPLS4.0 application. The results of the study show that: (1) Transformational leadership has a positive and significant impact on Employee Engagement. (2) Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on Employees Engagement. (3) Transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on Work Motivation (4) Work Motivation strengthens the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Employee Engagement at the Communication and Informatics Office of Tanah Datar Regency