Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Obstacle of Addition Operation Whole Number in Elementary Schools

This study aims to analyze the learning obstacle of students in elementary schools on the addition operation whole number. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive research method. The subjects of this study were 15 elementary school students who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques include non-participatory observation, test of addition operation whole number in the form of story questions, unstructured interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that there were learning obstacle for elementary school students found in the addition operation whole number including: 1) students had difficulty understanding the meaning of the questions; 2) students have difficulty understanding the concept of place value; 3) students have difficulty translating questions into math sentences; 4) students have difficulty doing addition calculations, other than the pattern a+b=? ; 5) students have difficulty giving conclusions from the results of their work; and 6) students do not have confidence in solving problems. This study concludes that students experience three types of learning obstacles, namely: ontogenic obstacle, didactical obstacle, and epistemological obstacle. The implications of the results of this study can be used as an analysis of student learning needs and the factors that affect student learning difficulties, especially in mathematics.
Seasonal influence on centesimal composition and yield of Amazonian fish

Although fish consumption in Brazil has increased, it is still low overall, with a per capita consumption of approximately 14.5 kg/kg/inhabitant/year. The intake of fish in the country reflects regional cultural differences, quantity, and the quality available, as well as the low prices of alternative products that influence consumer choice at the time of purchase (Lopes et al., 2010; Lira et al., 2019; Verdi et al., 2020). However, in the Brazilian Amazon, which has an estimated average consumption of 369 g/inhabitant/day in the lower Solimões River areas and up to 135 kg/inhabitant/year in the upper Amazon, fish consumption rate exceeds that of many parts of the world. It is the main protein source for populations that live on the banks of the Amazonian rivers (Cerdeira et al., 1997; Batista et al., 2004). Indeed, high fish consumption is a feature of the state of Amazonas, with several factors contributing to this dietary trend, such as the geographical location, indigenous culture, affordability of fish for all classes, and diversity of fish species.
Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Firm Performance in Nepalese Life Insurance Companies

This paper attempts to examine the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction and firm performance in Nepalese life insurance companies. Data are collected through structured and self-administered questionnaire from 350 respondents of 19 life insurance companies which are based on SERVQAL model. Descriptive and causal-comparative research design have used to achieve the objectives and descriptive statistics, correlation, as well as multiple regression models, have been used to analyze the data. It is observed that reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles have a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction and firm performance. It is also found that responsiveness shows the highest positive correlation with customer satisfaction and performance in terms of ROA and assurance demonstrates the least positive correlation with customer satisfaction and ROA
Reporting Transparency and Labor Market Outcomes

Financial reporting transparency can affect labor markets directly by mitigating information asymmetries and optimizing the matching of heterogeneous firms and employees (matching efficiency channel) and indirectly through the effect of transparency on firms' capital inputs (capital utilization channel). Using the mandatory IFRS adoption by European Union countries as a setting to proxy for enhanced reporting transparency, we document subsequent increases in labor productivity and wages for manufacturing industries in member countries. The main effect is mostly driven by increases in output rather than decreases in labor demand and is amplified by changes in earnings quality after the IFRS adoption. Collectively, our results underscore that the benefits of a cross-country increase in reporting transparency go beyond the effects on capital markets and corporate investments, with implications for labor markets equilibria.
Influence of Service Valuation and Package Cost on Market Segmentation: The Case of Online Demand for Spanish and Andorra Ski Resorts

Ski resorts are important tourist resources in mountain areas. They have a high impact on the environment but also on the development of the territory. Corporate social responsibility management plays an important role in influencing consumer purchasing behavior. This research seeks to understand the behavior of ski tourists and to classify them. Approximately 50,000 online purchases of tourist packages to ski resorts in Spain and Andorra are analyzed in order to describe the different segments of demand in these resorts through a latent class model. The tourists’ age and previous experience, the type of accommodation, and the season—among other variables—are considered to clarify the different classes. Six different segments were found. Some relevant results for the online ski-package market are highlighted, such as the influence of skier’s expenditure on service valuation. Managerial implications, limitations of this study and recommendations for future research are also discussed.
Changes of profession, employer and work tasks in later working life: an empirical overview of staying and leaving

Abstract Occupational change encompasses change of profession, employer and work tasks. This study gives an overview on occupational change in later working life and provides empirical evidence on voluntary, involuntary and desired occupational changes in the older workforce in Germany. The analyses were based on longitudinal data from 2,835 participants of the German lidA Cohort Study, a representative study of employees born in 1959 or 1965. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed in order to characterise the change groups in their previous job situation. The findings indicate that occupational change among older workers is frequent. In four years, 13.4 per cent changed employer, 10.5 per cent profession and 45.1 per cent work tasks. In addition, the desire for change often remains unfulfilled: the share of older workers who wanted to but did not change was 17.6 per cent for profession, 13.2 per cent for employer and 8.9 per cent for work tasks. The change groups investigated differ in terms of their socio-demographic background, health and job factors such as seniority and leadership quality. In times of ageing populations, the potential of occupational change among older workers requires more consideration in society, policy and research. Special attention should also be paid to the group of workers who would have liked to change but feel that they cannot leave.
Quality of soy bean grain stored in bag silo

The increase in the use of silo bag in the last harvests, given the lack of static capacity in Brazil and for grain storage this type of structure is currently seen as a solution to our deficit. Thus, the importance of maintaining the quality of grains for commercialization in these systems is considered. The objective with this research was to evaluate the quality of soybeans stored in a silo bag, in the region of Dourados-MS, Brazilian Central-West. The experiment was carried out in a Cooperative, in which sampling of soybeans stored in silo bag was realized. The product had been received, processed at the end of the summer harvest and previously stored in metalic silos, being transferred to the silo bags upon receipt of the winter harvest. For that, soybeans with an average water content of 11% bu were packed in bags composed of high density polyethylene and hermetically sealed over a total period of 125 days, with collections of temperature and relative humidity of the air being carried out and grain sampling every 40 days. Samples were collected were classified and analysis of water content, water activity, protein, lipids and color parameters were dorn. The increase of 5° C was observed in the temperature and 14% for relative humidity of the air providing within the bags the appearance of moldy and fermented grains after 125 days. The storage time factor was significant (p <0.05) in the variables of water content, color and oil. Was concluded that for soybeans the storage time in hermetic bags influences the quality of the grains and that the internal environmental conditions in these structures are influenced by the convective microcurrents observed in the different positions inside the silo bag. Keywords:
Telepresence and Interactivity in Mobile Learning System: Its Relation with Open Innovation

Mobile learning applications enable people to spend fragmented time to improve their knowledge and competitiveness. Enterprises aim to design innovative applications and create a new learning mode for the public, and the open innovation strategies may help companies achieve their goals. In the current study, the English learning application “LAIX” was investigated, and an online survey was used to obtain data from 289 university students in Guangzhou. This study combines the technology acceptance model (TAM) with flow theory (FT), investigating the psychological experience factors and the system characteristics that influence users’ behavior intentions. The exploration of perceptual variables will promote the establishment of an open innovation model of mobile learning applications. The aim of the study was to establish a theoretical framework to more deeply explore users’ intentions in mobile learning applications. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to help measure the relationship between variables and determine the model fit. This research reveals that telepresence is the most important variable that impacts user intentions to use mobile learning applications. In addition, the mediating effect of the flow experience was tested. Telepresence and interactivity indirectly influence behavioral intention through the variable “flow”. Users appear to be more concerned with the flow experience, which shows the highest correlation with intention to use the application. This study may assist companies to innovate system characteristics and improve customers’ user experience, for instance, by integrating virtual reality (VR) technology into the mobile learning system to improve their open innovation level and market popularity.
Lean Premixed Combustion of Undiluted Syngas at Gas Turbine Relevant Conditions: NOx Emissions and Lean Operational Limits

The experimental work presented in this paper focuses on the characterization of four syngas mixtures, primarily in terms of NOx emissions and Lean Blow Out (LBO) limits; these mixtures were selected to simulate various syngas types derived from coal, refinery residues, biomass and co-firing of syngas with natural gas. These fuel mixtures are all of interest for applications in gasturbine processes for power generation. The experiments were carried out in a High Pressure Test Rig. Preheating of the fuel/air mixture to a temperature of 673 K, inlet bulk velocities between 40 and 80 m/s and operating pressures between 5 and 15 bars have been applied. The results show the expected strong difference between the CH4 containing mixture and all the other “pure” syngas mixtures concerning the “operational window”. As the focus of this paper is on lean extinction limits and NOx emissions, flashback phenomena are not discussed in further detail. Lean Blow Out limits were found to have weak pressure dependence for the methane containing mixture whereas for the other mixtures this dependence is slightly stronger: “Lean Blow Out” limits move to less lean condition with increasing pressure. No significant dependence on the Inlet velocity was found. Lean blow out occurs at much leaner conditions, ΦLBO ≈0.25, for the pure syngas mixtures than for the methane containing fuel mixture (simulating co-firing of syngas with natural gas) which shows flame extinction already at ΦLBO ≈0.38. NOx emissions show also a significant difference between the CH4 containing mixture and all other “pure” syngas mixtures with higher NOx emissions for the latter fuel gas mixtures. The difference can be attributed to the different O2 concentration in the hot exhaust gas after the flame front (for a given flame temperature) and to the difference in the flame length which leads to longer residence times in the post flame zone (for the much more compact syngas flames). © 2008 ASME
Does Financial Development Promote the Growth of Property Income of China’s Urban and Rural Residents?

The property income growth of urban and rural residents is an important part of the continuous increase in the disposable income of these residents, which is also inseparable from the deepening development of the financial market. After sorting out the various sources of income that affect residents’ property in the existing research and controlling regional fixed effects, based on data from 31 provinces in China, this article considers important financial factors and the process of urbanization as explanatory variables to perform panel regression on the property income of provincial residents under fixed effects and random effects. In the context of large differences in the investment environment between urban and rural areas, we further examine the effects of financial factors on the property income of urban and rural residents. Only by expanding the investment opportunities and enhancing the investment ability of the residents, can the property income of the residents, especially the rural residents, be guaranteed to grow steadily and sustainably.
Hydrolysable Tannins from Cercidiphyllum japonicum Bark

The EtOAc and H2O soluble fractions of Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. Et Zucc) bark extracts were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column with various aqueous MeOH. Gallic acid (1), methyl galate (2), kurigalin (3), 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (4) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (5) were isolated from EtOAc fraction. Isocorilagin (6) and methyl galate (2) were separated from H2O fraction. The structure determination was done by 1H and 13C NMR. Of these isolated compounds, methyl galate (2), kurigalin (3) and isocorilagin (6) were isolated, for the first time, from the bark extracts of Cercidiphyllum japonicum.
The Effect of Temperature and Time on Quality of Banana Peel Flour

Banana peel waste is usually only used as animal feed and as raw material for bioethanol manufacture. Banana peels have a large nutritional content. Banana peels can be used as an ingredient in flour. Local-based alternative food sources are a priority. Among the various types of functional food, flour substituents such as banana peel flour is an interesting topic because of the people need for it wheat flour is an inevitable necessity. The aim of this study conducted direct studies of the physical characteristics of cooking banana peel flour as well as studying how the effect of temperature and time on the quality of cooking banana peel flour. Methode this research is direct research with the type of data used is primary data namely data obtained from research results. The results of the study generally show that the characteristics of banana peel flour are powdery, normal smell (typical of bananas), has a slightly bitter taste, and brown. The conclusion of this study is the banana skin suitable as a flor substituent with relatively good characteristics when used as a substitute for wheat flour.
Increase in conjugated linoleic acid content and improvement in microbial and physicochemical properties of a novel kefir stored at refrigerated temperature using complementary probiotics and prebiotic

Probiotics are living cells and usually modify food contents for health benefit of humans (Roobab et al., 2020). Kefir is a complex-probiotic produced from corresponding grains (Demirci et al., 2019; Kivanc & Yapici, 2019; Tomar et al., 2020) that encompass a consortium of microorganisms (Lim et al., 2019; Mitra & Ghosh, 2020), such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) containing Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, occasionally acetic-acid producing bacteria, and non-lactose fermenting yeast, with a long-endured association with a natural substance matrix of proteins and kefiran as polysaccharide (Bengoa et al., 2019b; Rosa et al., 2017; Tomar et al., 2020). Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. paracasei, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis are due special attention because of their healthand immunitystimulating properties (Bengoa et al., 2019a). L. acidophilus is one of the homofermentative bacteria which directly produce two lactic acid (LA) molecules from one molecule of glucose (Fazio et al., 2020), but heterofermentative ones, including B. lactis, convert glucose to lactic acid and acetic acid (AA) or other volatile compounds (Zareba et al., 2012). In consumption of foods with these probiotics, the GITs of consumers are protected against inappropriate situations including extreme pH alterations, GIT enzymes and excretions, and bacterial accumulation (Živković et al., 2016).
Ecological risk assessment of Piper aduncum essential oil in non-target organisms

One possible alternative to chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment and prevention of diseases in fish farms is the use of Piper aduncum essential oil. However, ecotoxicological data are required to ensure its proper use and to prevent adverse effects on non-target organisms. These data are relevant since this essential oil is described as having insecticidal, molluscicidal and cytotoxic activitiy that may be associated with its chemical composition. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxicity of P. aduncum essential oil to five test organisms using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) statistical approach. The chemical composition of the essential oil was characterized by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for identification and quantitation purposes, respectively. The main component (75.5%) of the essential oil was dillapiole. The hazardous concentration for 5% of biological species (HC5) was calculated to determine the 95% protection level, resulting in a value of 0.47 mg L-1 (with a confidence interval of 0.028 1.19 mg L-1. ). A concentration range related to the level of protection for aquatic communities (the predicted no-effect concentration, PNEC) was determined through the application of safety factors to the HC5 value. The ecotoxicity parameters showed that P. aduncum essential oil can be used safely in water bodies at a concentration equal to or below 0.09 mg L-1.
Spotlight on corneal neurotization

ABSTRACT Introduction: Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative corneal disease originating from a damage to the trigeminal innervation. Corneal neurotization (CN) is a recently introduced surgical procedure consisting of the transfer of normally functioning nerves into the anesthetic cornea. Two main approaches are feasible: i) direct nerve transfer of a healthy nerve branch; ii) interpositional nerve graft coapted to a healthy donor nerve. Areas Covered: In this review, we present an overview of the current literature on CN for the treatment of NK. We discuss all the surgical approaches with specific advantages and disadvantages for each technique along with the results of published clinical studies in terms of both efficacy and safety. Expert Opinion: CN is a safe and effective treatment for NK. This procedure has shown the ability to improve corneal sensitivity, epithelial integrity, and visual acuity. Postoperative corneal re-innervation has also been detected by in vivo confocal microscopy. To date, no conclusive data are available about the technique of choice. In our practice, we perform direct nerve transfer techniques in patients with severe NK in order to take advantage of the presumed immediate sprouting from the transferred nerves; in the other cases, we use interpositional sural nerve graft.
Numerical Study on Taylor Bubble Rising in Pipes

Slug flow is the most common multi-phase flow encountered in oil and gas industry. In this study, the hydrodynamic features of flow in pipes investigated numerically using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations for the effect of slug flow on the vertical and bent pipeline. The compressible Reynold averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation was used as the governing equation, with the volume of fluid (VOF) method to capture the outline of the bubble in a pipeline. The simulations were tested for the grid and time step convergence, and validated with the experimental and theoretical results for the main hydrodynamic characteristics of the Taylor bubble, i.e., bubble shape, terminal velocity of bubble, and the liquid film velocity. The slug flow was simulated with various air and water injection velocities in the pipeline. The simulations revealed the effect of slug flow as the pressure occurring in the wall of the pipeline. The peak pressure and pressure oscillations were observed, and those magnitudes and trends were compared with the change in air and water injection velocities. The mechanism of the peak pressures was studied in relation with the change in bubble length, and the maximum peak pressures were investigated for the different positions and velocities of the air and water in the pipeline. The pressure oscillations were investigated in comparison with the bubble length in the pipe and the oscillation was provided with the application of damping. The pressures were compared with the case of a bent pipe, and a 1.5 times higher pressures was observed due to the compression of the bubbles at the corner of the bent. These findings can be used as a basic data for further studies and designs on pipeline systems with multi-phase flow. Received 23 July 2020, revised 26 November 2020, accepted 2 December 2020 Corresponding author Kwang Hyo Jung: +82-51-510-2343, kjung@pusan.ac. kr c 2021, The Korean Society of Ocean Engineers This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution non-commercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Working Capital Management in Hospitals: Evidence from Poland

: Purpose: Working capital management is one of the essential elements of financial management. In this paper, we focus on the essence of working capital management in hospitals. The research aims at the analysis of the working capital management in hospitals based on CCC. We also investigate how hospitals finance working capital changes. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research hypotheses are confirmed based on financial data from 77 non-profit hospitals in the period 2015-2018 (with the year 2014 as the basis to calculate the growth). We build panel regression models, using several dependent, explanatory and control variables. Findings: Our results explain the way non-profit hospitals manage their working capital. This process is quite different, compared to commercial (production and service) companies. We show that higher profitability correlates with a longer cash conversion cycle and that operating activities are financing by profit. The observation that the capital structure is irrelevant for the cash conversion cycle strongly supports this conclusion. Practical Implications: This research is fundamental for hospital's managers and other stakeholders. Originality/value: Although research on hospital financial management is relatively numerous, the authors rarely undertake the problem of working capital management. Our study is one of the few in this area.