Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Effects on Triticale Grain Yield, Amino Acid Composition, and Feed Nutritional Quality for Swine

Nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L) in the southeastern USA are similar in spite of different end uses. Grain yield, protein, and amino acid composition of four triticale cultivars were evaluated over five N levels ranging from 30 to 150 Ib/acre in four Georgia environments. Nitrogen was topdressed as ammonium nitrate at peak tillering. Relative economic value of triticale for feed was calculated assuming total replacement of corn (Zea mays L) plus variable amounts of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] meal (SBM) in a standard swine diet formulated to 100% of National Research Council (NRC) lysine requirement at representative prices for corn and SBM. Significant grain yield responses to N occurred in three of the four environments. Grain yield was maximized with 90 or 120 lb N/acre depending on environment and cultivar. Yield component responses to N were increased tiller density, decreased seeds per head, and decreased seed weight. Quantity of all amino acids increased linearly with N indicating potential for enhancing nutritional value by increasing N to raise contents of limiting essential amino acids. The superior lysine content of triticale relative to corn resulted in a relative cash price for triticale, which averaged 6% higher than corn value (range 3% to 10%). Despite N-induced increases in lysine content and relative nutrional value of triticale for feed, marginal return per acre was maximized at N levels associated with maximum grain yield. Cultivars varied for all traits except tiller density. Maximum economic return per acre was obtained with improved cultivars Florico and Florida 201, which had higher yield potential and test weight, but lower lysine content, than cultivars Beagle 82 and Morrison. Based on our study using 1997 prices, current N recommendations for small grains of 60 to 120 lb N/acre depending on previous crop, are appropriate for triticale. At these N levels, cultivar selection is more important for increasing returns than additional inputs of N.
Pathogenicity and Population Increase of Paratrichodorus Minor as Influenced By Some Environmental Factors

The relative importance of the effect of soil temperature, soil texture and host species on the increase and the pathogenicity of a population of Paratrichodorus minor from Israel was studied. Populations increased fastest at 26° C, followed by 30°, 22° and 18°, approaching the host-specific equilibrium density after 90 days. In the presence of a host, populations thrived better in sand and sandy loam than in clay, but were obviously sensitive to moisture fluctuations. Host species affected population increase more than soil temperatures and soil types. In fallow, survival was better in clay and sandy loam than in sand. In vitro, P. minor fed vigorously on epidermal cells in the elongation and meristematic zone of wheat and eggplant roots, causing browning and collapse of the epidermis and cessation of growth. After detaching itself from the feeding site, the nematode left a small tube attached to the cell wall. In pathogenicity trials, two good hosts - eggplant and cotton - showed different responses: growth of eggplant was drastically inhibited at an inoculation level of 200 nematodes per plant, while populations of up to 800 nematodes per plant stimulated growth of cotton roots and tops. Infested eggplant seedlings exhibited a severely thinned and shortened lateral root system and stunted tops.
Plumage polymorphism and breeding parametres of various Feral Pidgeon (Columbia livia Gm.) morphs in urban area (Gdańsk, North Poland)

In 2007, the population of Feral Pigeons in Gdańsk City (almost 500,000 inhabitants) constituted 14 200 individuals. The population density in the built-up areas of Gdańsk (82.2 km2) was estimated at an average of 17.2 birds 10–1 ha, however the highest density occurred in Gdańsk’s city centre area (5.7 km2) – 44 birds 10–1 ha. Blue plumage type pigeons dominated in the population (93%), while black, red and albinotic types were rarely observed. Melanistic birds were more frequently found than blue-bar birds, whose plumage is inherited from the Rock Pigeon. However, blue-bars were more numerous in Gdańsk compared with other pigeon populations in central and northern Europe. Old pre-war buildings were not confirmed as influencing the plumage pattern of pigeons. Melanistic birds were more numerous in old district of Oliwa, whereas blue bars in old Gdańsk city centre. The plumage of pigeons in small flocks of up to 50 birds did not differ from that of pigeons in flocks of over 50 and 100 birds. Blue-bars, checkers and dark checkers did not differ in body mass or breeding parameters. Other causes of polymorphism variation among pigeons in a population are discussed.
Decomposition dynamics in mixed‐species leaf litter

Literature on plant leaf litter decomposition is substantial, but only in recent years have potential interactions among leaves of different species during decomposition been examined. We review emerging research on patterns of mass loss, changes in nutrient concentration, and decomposer abundance and activity when leaves of different species are decaying in mixtures. Approximately 30 papers have been published that directly examine decomposition in leaf mixtures as well as in all component species decaying alone. From these litter-mix experiments, it is clear that decomposition patterns are not always predictable from single-species dynamics. (Characteristics of decomposition in litter-mixes that deviate from responses predicted from decomposition of single-species litters alone are designated "non-additive"; "additive" responses in mixes are predictable from component species decaying alone.) Non-additive patterns of mass loss were observed in 67% of tested mixtures; mass loss is often (though not always) increased when litters of different species are mixed. Observed mass loss in some mixtures is as much as 65% more extensive than expected from decomposition of single-species litter, but more often mass loss in mixtures exceeds expected decay by 20% or less. Nutrient transfer among leaves of different species is striking, with 76% of the mixtures showing non-additive dynamics of nutrient concentrations. Non-additive patterns in the abundance and activity of decomposers were observed in 55% and 65% of leaf mixes, respectively. We discuss some methodological details that likely contribute to conflicting results among mixed-litter studies to date. Enough information is available to begin formulating mechanistic hypotheses to explain patterns in litter-mix experiments. Emerging patterns in the mixed-litter decomposition literature have implications for relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem function (in this case, the function being decomposition), and for potential mechanisms through which invasive plant species could alter carbon and nutrient dynamics in ecosystems.
Establishment of a Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line from Indian Gutka Chewer

CD cell line has been established from a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. This is a first ever cell line established from an Indian gutka chewer. Cell line was characterized for morphology, ultrastructure, doubling time, expression of epithelial markers, DNA content, karyotyping, STR markers, p53 mutations, HPV status, and tumorigenicity in SCID mice with all-trans-retinoic acid and cisplatin. The epithelial phenotype of the cell line was confirmed with surface markers and ultrastructure. The cell line is hyperploid with chromosomal alterations like gain of chromosomes 8q and 11q. CD cell line shows a unique pattern on STR genotyping and carries a missense mutation R273C in TP53. It does not show genomic integration of HPV. The cells are nontumorigenic to SCID mice and show growth inhibition upon treatment with cisplatin, and all-trans-retinoic acid. This cell line may be useful as an in vitro tool to understand the molecular changes associated with oral cancers.
Chemical Diversity of Essential Oils from Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus papyrus

Abstract Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used to analyze the essential oil of three common Cyperus species grown in Egypt. The essential oils were obtained from the tubers and aerial parts of the plants using either hydrodistillation or head space analysis. The results revealed similarity between the tubers and aerial parts contents among the same species but showed variations between different species. Both C. articulatus and C. esculentus were much higher in their contents of sesquiterpenes relative to monoterpens, compared to C. papyrus. Major chemical constituents were identified to be pinene, eucalyptol, myrtenol, copaene, cyperene, caryophyllene, patchoulene and caryophyllene oxide. Essential oils of tubers and stems (aerial parts) from C. articulatus were characterized by much larger amount of sesquiterpenes (73 % and 71 % respectively) than monoterpenes (27 % and 24 % respectively), while the C. esculantus essential oil showed similar percentage of sesquiterpenes (74 % and 71 % for tubers and stem respectively) but had much lower percentage of monoterpenes (8 % and 12 % for tubers and stems respectively. C. esculantus essential oil also was characterized by higher contents of none terpenoid compounds (18 % and 17 % for tubers and stems respectively. On the other hand essential oil of C. papyrus was rich in monoterpens (67 % and 61 % for tubers and stems respectively) and only 33 % and 39 % sesquiterpenes in tubers and stems respectively, it also showed the absence of none terpenoid compounds.
Review of Bolivian Dipsas (Serpentes: Colubridae), with Comments on Other South American Species

Abstract Seven species of Dipsas occur within Bolivia. On the basis of new material, we revise D. chaparensis, D. peruana, and D. variegata. We review D. i. cisticeps and consider it to be a subspecies of D. bucephala. We transfer D. boettgeri, D. latifrontalis, and D. polylepis to the synonymy of D. peruana. We consider D. neivai and populations of D. variegata from Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru to be conspecific with Guianan and Venezuelan D. variegata. On the other hand, we recognize D. trinitatis Parker as a morphologically distinct, full species rather than a subspecies of D. variegata. We refer Leptognathus robusta Müller to the synonymy of D. oreas rather than D. variegata. Alizarin red staining reveals calcification patterns of snake hemipenes and is recommended as a modification of techniques used to prepare these organs. Characters of visceral morphology improve our understanding of dipsadine relationships. As in most snakes, male Dipsas usually have higher subcaudal counts than females. On the other hand, species of Dipsas either have reverse ventral count dimorphism or their ventral counts are not dimorphic.
Adaptabilidade de caprinos exóticos e naturalizados ao clima semi-árido do nordeste brasileiro

Sixteen goats males, eigth exotic (4 from the breed Boer and 4 from the Anglo-Nubiana) and eigth naturalized (4 from the race Moxoto and 4 from the Brown-Pardo-Sertaneja), all pure and one year old. The temperature rectal, respiratory frequency, cardiac frequency, temperature from the forehead, of the ribs, of the flank and of the scrotum, was taken in the morning and afternoon during the period from 21 august to 4 september of 2002. A you had of. The animals were submitted to the tolerance to the heat in the period from 5 to 17 of september of 2002 on the demi-dry climate of the northeast of Brazil. The data shown effect of breed on the physiological parameters studied. The temperatures and frequencies were higher (P <0.05) in the afternoon period. The tolerance to the heat had not significant difference (P <0.05) among the breeds, therefore breed Boer shown the highest index of tolerance to the heat. The animals from the breed Boer ahown a higher tolerance to the heat in relation to the others breed that shown higl tolerance. The breeds Boer and Anglo-Nubiana, despite of exotic, shown temperatures, frequencys and index of tolerance to the heat that should be considered as adapted to the demi-dry climate of the Brazilian northeast.
Phylogeny of the Hebe Complex (Scrophulariaceae: Veroniceae)

The southern segregates of Veronica (Hebe, Parahebe, Chionohebe, Dementia, and Detzneria) form a monophyletic assemblage of c. 144 species found in New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, Rapa, and South America. Most of the species occur in New Zealand, where Hebe is the largest genus and a characteristic member of many vegetation types. Cladistic analysis of the Hebe complex, based on 45 characters and 22 terminal taxa, indicates that: (1) Hebe is monophyletic if Hebe 'Paniculatae' is excluded and H. formosa is included; (2) Parahebe is paraphyletic; (3) Chionohebe is monophyletic, but is part of a larger clade which includes alpine Parahebe and possibly the monotypic Detzneria; (4) Hebe 'Paniculatae', Derwentia, and New Guinea Parahebe are monophyletic basal groups in the complex. According to this study, recognition of monophyletic genera would require six genera in the complex, supporting the recognition of Derwentia and separation of Hebe 'Paniculatae' from Hebe. Leonohebe Heads is considered polyphyletic and is not accepted; new combinations are provided for two species of Leonohebe with no name at species rank in Hebe. Competing biogeographic hypotheses have implied (1) a Gondwanan origin, or (2) migration from South-east Asia via New Guinea. An origin in Australasia from Asian ancestors best explains the topology of the basal parts of the cladogram, but at least seven dispersal events from New Zealand are postulated to explain the occurrence of species of Hebe in South America and Rapa and Parahebe, Hebe, and Chionohebe in Australia. An hypothesis which did not allow dispersal would require that nearly all the evolution in the complex occurred before the Tertiary, and hardly any since.
Effects of Probiotic Diet Supplements on Disease Resistance and Immune Response of Young Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract Probiotic microbial feed supplements are gaining wide acceptance in livestock production, and may be applicable to aquaculture production systems. In two experiments, fry of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticuswere fed a basal diet supplemented with commercially-available probiotic microorganisms. Survival, growth, disease resistance, and immunological parameters were monitored for a maximum of 94 days. Bacterial populations were higher in the digestive tracts of tilapia receiving probiotic diets, and colony morphology suggested that viable probiotic bacteria persisted up to 48 hours after feeding. Survival was higher after 39–63 days in fish receiving the Bioplus probiotic, Bacillus spp. There was no difference in growth, lysozyme, total serum immunoglobulin, complement, specific anti-streptococcal antibody levels, or mortality due to Streptococcus iniae infection either before or after disease challenge. The results suggest that these commercially-available probiotic microorganisms do not provide beneficial effects in young Nile tilapia.
Sous vide cooked beef muscles: effects of low temperature-long time (LT-LT) treatments on their quality characteristics and storage stability

Summary Beef muscles were sous vide cooked by applying different low temperature-long time treatments and changes in their physical properties were measured. The effects of selected treatments on pasteurization values and chilled storage stability were investigated. The results obtained indicated that cooking weight loss increased and shear force values decreased as the treatment temperature was raised from 50 to 65 � C, while processing times (90–360 min) did not have a significant effect on these variables. The colour parameter a was strongly affected by the different treatments. The pasteurization values obtained were enough to inactivate vegetative cells but were insufficient to achieve a significant reduction of Clostridium botulinum spores. The microbial quality of the product remained acceptable during the storage period. Over the storage time, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) numbers were significantly affected by the thermal treatment applied. Maximum TBARS values obtained were lower than those reported for meat processed without vacuum. Cooked beef flavours for all treatments decreased uniformly after 21 days of storage.
The effects of refuse-feeding on home-range use, group size, and intergroup encounters in the banded mongoose.

The effects of food availability and distribution on population dynamics have been the subject of numerous experimental studies, but no study has quantified the effects of a concentrated supplementary food supply on groups of a social carnivore. We investigated the effects of refuse-feeding at garbage dumps on banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) groups. Garbage dumps represent a reliable, concentrated source of food. Data were collected from three refuse and seven nonrefuse-feeding groups in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Groups were located using radiotelemetry, and home-range size and use, group size and population density, and intergroup encounter rate were analysed. Although refuse-feeding groups had home ranges similar in size to those of nonrefuse-feeding groups, their home-range use was more concentrated and their core areas always included the available predictable garbage dumps. Two of the three refuse-feeding groups were larger and denser than other groups. The two groups that shared the same.
Host location and parasitism of Brevicoryne brassicae in diversified broccoli cropping systems

Host location is a crucial step in the life cycle of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Diversified cropping systems have the potential to inhibit or interfere with host location processes to reduce the severity of aphid outbreaks. We altered the vegetation mix of a broccoli [Brassica oleracea var. italica (Plenck) (Brassicaceae)] cropping system by substituting broccoli with strips of potatoes [Solanum tuberosum (L.) (Solanaceae)], planting broccoli into a cereal rye [Secale cereale (L.) (Poaceae)] cover crop, or both. The probability of aphid infestation was significantly reduced by the presence of the cover crop, whereas strips of potatoes slightly increased initial numbers. The effectiveness of the cover crop treatments was primarily due to fewer alate aphids initially colonizing broccoli plants. Aphid parasitism by Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) did not explain the observed differences in the number of aphid colonies present in each treatment.
Distribution of Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in Watersheds of Puget Sound Based on Smolt Monitoring Data

Abstract Lamprey populations are in decline worldwide and the status of Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is a topic of current interest. They and other lamprey species cycle nutrients and serve as prey in riverine ecosystems. To determine the current distribution of Pacific lamprey in major watersheds flowing into Puget Sound, Washington, we sampled lamprey captured during salmonid smolt monitoring that occurred from late winter to mid-summer. We found Pacific lamprey in 12 of 18 watersheds and they were most common in southern Puget Sound watersheds and in watersheds draining western Puget Sound (Hood Canal). Two additional species, western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) and river lamprey (L. ayresii) were more common in eastern Puget Sound watersheds. Few Pacific lamprey macrophthalmia were found, suggesting that the majority of juveniles migrated seaward during other time periods. In addition, “dwarf” adult Pacific lamprey (< 300 mm) were observed in several watersheds and may represent an alternate life history for some Puget Sound populations. Based on genetic data, the use of visual techniques to identify lamprey ammocoetes as Entosphenus or Lampetra was successful for 97% (34 of 35) of the samples we evaluated.
Pulp yield and mineral content of commercial hybrids of yellow passion fruits

Analises fisicas e de conteudo mineral foram executadas por meio de digestao peroxido/perclorica com leitura em ICP-AES, e medicoes, com auxilio de balanca analitica digital e paquimetro digital, de tres hibridos comerciais de Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg. - BRS Sol do Cerrado, BRS Ouro Vermelho e BRS Gigante Amarelo -, cultivados na area experimental da Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF, no periodo de outubro de 2007. Dezoito frutos de cada hibrido foram avaliados e apresentaram pesos e dimensoes superiores aqueles encontrados na literatura cientifica, sem diferencas significativas entre os hibridos. Sol do Cerrado apresentou menor perda de peso apos o armazenamento em relacao aos demais hibridos. Nao foram encontradas diferencas significativas em relacao aos demais parâmetros fisicos estudados. O conteudo de minerais encontrados nos hibridos foi superior aqueles encontrados na literatura cientifica e na Tabela Brasileira de Composicao de Alimentos (UNICAMP, 2006) elaborada pela NEPA-UNICAMP. Sol do Cerrado apresentou teores de ferro superiores aos demais hibridos, o que pode ser devido a diferencas na absorcao desse elemento por parte do hibrido. Os hibridos mostraram-se excelentes fontes de minerais, especialmente em comparacao com a polpa de maracuja-amarelo congelada de supermercado.
Changes in abundance and community structure of the zooplankton population during the 2008 mucilage event in the northeastern Marmara Sea

The composition and abundance of zooplankton and the corresponding environmental conditions were investigated during the 2008 mucilage event (April-December 2008) in the Marmara Sea. As a result, 46 zooplanktonic taxa were identified. Copepods and cladocerans were generally the most abundant groups. Mnemiopsis leidyi had a significant seasonality, and abundance was related to fluctuations in temperature and salinity. The most important species were Acartia clausi and Penilia avirostris, but these species did not reach their usual autumn maximum. As a result, the mucilage event in 2008 caused significant shifts in zooplankton abundance and community structure in the Marmara Sea.
Pollen harvest by stingless bee foragers ( hymenoptera, apidae, meliponinae )

Abstract Data on pollen load capacity and flower constancy are discussed for nine stingless bee species. The foragers present high levels of flower constancy and often visit only one flower type (on average 97% of bee foragers), rarely a few flower types (on average 3% of bee foragers), during the same foraging trip. The latter foragers exhibit no tendencies for choosing similar sources, related either to flower type or to pollen type. Pollen load capacity (the ratio between pollen load weight/worker weight) decreases as forager body weight increases, so it is larger in smaller stingless bees species and smaller in larger ones. Nevertheless, it seems that specific load capacity also depends on pollen types.