Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Driving forces for sodium removal during phytoremediation of calcareous sodic and saline–sodic soils: a review

Abstract. Sodic and saline–sodic soils are characterized by the occurrence of sodium (Na+) at levels that result in poor physical properties and fertility problems, adversely affecting the growth and yield of most crops. These soils can be brought back to a highly productive state by providing a soluble source of calcium (Ca2+) to replace excess Na+ on the cation exchange complex. Many sodic and saline–sodic soils contain inherent or precipitated sources of Ca2+, typically calcite (CaCO3), at varying depths within the profile. Unlike other Ca2+ sources used in the amelioration of sodic and saline‐sodic soils, calcite is not sufficiently soluble to effect the displacement of Na+ from the cation exchange complex. In recent years, phytoremediation has shown promise for the amelioration of calcareous sodic and saline–sodic soils. It also provides financial or other benefits to the farmer from the crops grown during the amelioration process. In contrast to phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals, phytoremediation of sodic and saline–sodic soils is achieved by the ability of plant roots to increase the dissolution rate of calcite, resulting in enhanced levels of Ca2+ in soil solution to replace Na+ from the cation exchange complex. Research has shown that this process is driven by the partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) within the root zone, the generation of protons (H+) released by roots of certain plant species, and to a much smaller extent the enhanced Na+ uptake by plants and its subsequent removal from the field at harvest. Enhanced levels of PCO2 and H+ assist in increasing the dissolution rate of calcite. This results in the added benefit of improved physical properties within the root zone, enhancing the hydraulic conductivity and allowing the leaching of Na+ below the effective rooting depth. This review explores these driving forces and evaluates their relative contribution to the phytoremediation process. This will assist researchers and farm advisors in choosing appropriate crops and management practices to achieve maximum benefit during the amelioration process.
Population based Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG Antibodies in Rural Ahmedabad-A Case Control Study

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and later as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. [1] Community serological surveys are aimed at estimating prevalence of infection in a given region and thereby guiding strategies to prevent its spread. They are based on detecting antibodies (generally the category called immunoglobulin G, or IgG) in the population of the region. The presence of antibodies in an individual is indicative of that person having had infection in the recent past (that is, 10-14 days ago). The estimate of the population share with antibodies (or the seropositivity rate) tells one the level of prevalence of infection in the region. Sero-surveys also tell one about the prevalence of asymptomatic infection in the region. The immune system mounts a defence against an infection by producing antibodies specifically against the invading pathogen, with the IgGs, in particular, lasting for fairly long. Recent studies on patients who recovered from COVID-19 suggest that IgGs against SARS-CoV-2 may last up to six to eight months. [2] Antibodies develop against different proteins that are part of the virus. Antibodies against one type of viral protein might neutralise the virus by blocking its entry into cells and preventing it from multiplying, while others might not.
Error Correction in Teaching Writing Skill: From Teacher’s Point of View to Practice, A Study at A Pedagogical University in Vietnam

In English learning, writing skill is considered, by many people, the most difficult skill to be mastered. In fact, errors and mistakes in writing are unavoidable and a large amount of them has been detected with a variety of types. Previous researchers have also proved the significance of error analysis and correction in enhancing the writing skills of English learners, but the beliefs and applications of teachers in error correction methods still differ. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate these two factors in the teaching and learning environment of a university in Vietnam. The study is conducted in two phases: teacher interview and class observation in practice, with the participation of two English teachers who are in charge of teaching writing skill to two classes of 21 and 28 students. The recorded results give emphasis to the need of error correction in writing classes, some commonly effective activities utilized; furthermore, there is a remarkable outcome that teachers seldom have academic basis on error correction but mainly depend on their own experience in teaching practice, and their approaching methods to correcting mistakes on students’ paper can be both direct and indirect. In addition, some ideal activities for error correction, namely peer feedback, on-going writing quizzes, and error codes, are presented.
Study on Thermal Properties and Crystallization Behavior of Blends of Poly(phenylene sulfide)/Poly(ether imide)

The thermal behavior of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) blends with poly(ether imide) (PEI) was studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The crystallization temperature of PPS in blends shifted from 216.8°C to 226.4°C upon addition of 20–70% PEI contents. The heat of crystallization remained unchanged with less than 50% PEI in blends, whereas the heat of fusion decreased with increasing PEI content. The isothermal crystallization indicated that incorporating PEI would accelerate the crystallization rate of PPS. The activation energy of crystallization increased with addition of PEI. The equilibrium melting point of PPS/PEI blends was not changed with compositions.
Dissolution and recrystallization in modern shelf carbonates: evidence from pore water and solid phase chemistry

We present an overview of geochemical data from pore waters and solid phases that clarify earliest diagenetic processes affecting modern, shallow marine carbonate sediments. Acids produced by organic matter decomposition react rapidly with metastable carbonate minerals in pore waters to produce extensive syndepositional dissolution and recrystallization. Stoichiometric relations among pore water solutes suggest that dissolution is related to oxidation of H2S which can accumulate in these low-Fe sediments. Sulphide oxidation likely occurs by enhanced diffusion of O2 mediated by sulphide-oxidizing bacteria which colonize oxic/anoxic interfaces invaginating these intensely bioturbated sediments. Buffering of pore water stable isotopic compositions towards values of bulk sediment and rapid 45Ca exchange rates during sediment incubations demonstrate that carbonate recrystallization is a significant process. Comparison of average biogenic carbonate production rates with estimated rates of dissolution and recrystallization suggests that over half the gross production is dissolved and/or recrystallized. Thus isotopic and elemental composition of carbonate minerals can experience significant alteration during earliest burial driven by chemical exchange among carbonate minerals and decomposing organic matter. Temporal shifts in palaeo-ocean carbon isotope composition inferred from bulk-rocks may be seriously compromised by facies-dependent differences in dissolution and recrystallization rates.
Removal of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Color from Dyeing Wastewater by Pre-Ozonation and Subsequent Biological Treatment Using Test-Scale Plant

The effects of pre-ozonation and subsequent biological treatment process on the decrease in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and color were investigated in a test-scale plant of 5 m3/d capacity using actual raw wastewater (RW) from a dye works. Ozone dosage rate and contacting time were around 70 mg/L on average and 30 min, respectively. The DOC concentration was gradually decreased from 36.1 to 19.3 mg/L on average through the process and the DOC removal rates were 24.4% after ozonation and 46.5% after subsequent biological treatment. The average color value was rapidly decreased from 1.75 to 0.20 after ozonation, and the color removal rate was 88.6%. The values of adsorbable organic halide formation potential (AOXFP) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) were gradually decreased by each treatment process, indicating the increased safety of the treated water. Slight morphological differences due to decomposition of the predominant bacteria by residual ozone were observed. The DOC removal rate brought about by pre-ozonation was slightly higher than that by the process consisted of biological treatment and post-ozonation, although no obvious difference in the color removal was observed between them.
Magneto-Striction in Iron Crystals

The phenomenon of magneto-striction, or change in dimensions of a body when magnetised, has been known for a long time. It was discovered by Joule in 1847, and has since been the subject of many careful investigations. The phenomenon has been measured in many kinds of iron, nickel, and cobalt. The results have shown that the exact nature of the phenomenon depends to a great extent on the physical state of the specimen examined, and may be considerably altered by physical treatment, such as annealing. This result follows from the known effect of crystalline structure on the properties of ferro-magnetic substances. It is to be expected that the results, and their interpretation, would be considerably simplified if found in single crystals. In this case, instead of there being indeterminate heterogeneous crystalline mass, the specimen would have a definite crystal lattice with reference to which the axes of the specimen could be determined. This has been pointed out by various writers, and some work has been done in this direction. Heaps (‘Phvs. Rev.,’ vol. 22, p. 486, 1923; vol. 23, p. 60, 1924) has investigated the magneto-striction of single crystals of iron and magnetite. The experiments on iron were carried out on a disc cut from a single crystal. The elongation parallel to the magnetizing field was measured for various directions in the disc, and it was found that the elongation varied considerably with the direction. The direction of the crystal axes were not determined, and the interpretation of the results is, therefore, difficult. Moreover, the crystal contained about 3½ per cent, of silicon. These experiments are also open to the objection that, with specimens of the shape used, it is difficult to obtain uniform magnetization except with very strong magnetic fields. The experiments on magnetite were more complete. A single crystal approximately spherical in form was used, and the position of the crystal axes known. In this case, the elongation was found to vary in a regular way with reference to the crystal axes. In neither of these experiments, however, was the intensity of magnetization measured. It may be mentioned that the intensity of magnetization is probably an important factor in the phenomenon of magnetostriction, as this phenomenon seems to be intimately connected with the orientation of the atoms in the magnetic field.
Measurement of heavy metals accumulation in ctendia of Anadara ehrenbergi (Dunker, 1868) using energy- dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)

Specimens were collected from three estuarine localities of the Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia) namely northern Khobar, southern Khobar and Ad-Dammam estuarine beaches during January and August 2013 and June 2014. Three collections in the form of twenty specimens were samples in each month from each locality. Immediately these samples were dissected and ctendia were isolated and frozen at -20°C. Using energy dispersive X Ray fluorescence (EDXRF), accumulations of Sodium, manganese, aluminium, phosphate, sulphur, chlorine, cadmium, calcium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc and lead were measured. This trail has been investigated in triplets. Concentration of the heavy metals studied was compared with United Kingdom Quality Standards, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Saudi Arabian Standards Organization. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with P˂0.05 and Turkey`s multiple analysis test were applied to all the data obtained from the software. This study concluded that clams live in southern Khobar estuarine beach contain percentage of heavy metals ≥ Saudi Arabian Standards whereas the clams live the northern Khobar and Ad-dammam easuarine beaches contain percentage of heavy metals ≈ Saudi Arabian Standards. Key words: Biological markers, energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (EDXRF), Anadara ehrengergi.
Social indicators for businesses’ circular economy: multi-faceted analysis of employment as an indicator for sustainability reporting

In recent years, the introduction of the circular economy's principles at the micro level is receiving attention in different areas of the business literature. Although several studies have focused on the environmental or economic impacts of the adoption of the circular economy at a micro level, a detailed http://www.ojs. unito.it/index.php/ejsice/index European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy ISSN: 2704-9906 FOR PEER REVIEW (DOI: 10.13135/2704-9906/5282 Published by University of Turin) http://www.ojs. unito.it/index.php/ejsice/index EJSICE content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 18 analysis of the social aspects of the circular economy in businesses is still necessary. From a triple bottom line perspective, social dimensions of the circular economy are one of the three pillars for sustainability accounting and reporting and must be considered in the relationship between firms and their stakeholders. Thus, the main objective of this study is to reflect on the social impact of the business circular economy at the micro level by analysing job generation. To this end, this study' approaches the definition of specific indicators to measure different dimensions of the employment in a circular economy framework through the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews collected in a regional case study in Spain. This article summarises different metrics to be applied to the measurement of the multi-faceted employment generated by companies in a circular model. Furthermore, a contribution derived from the synopsis of this study is the definition of the linkage of circular businesses' and the sustainability accounting and reporting.
Room-temperature synthesis of Fe–BTC from layered iron hydroxides: the influence of precursor organisation

The conversion of layered metal hydroxides into a metal–organic framework is studied for the case of Fe–BTC (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate). The synthesis occurs at room temperature as early as 5 min using a layered double hydroxide, green rust, as a precursor and yielding a product with high surface area. Monitoring of the Fe–BTC crystallisation kinetics as a function of the degree of crystallinity of the iron hydroxide reveals the dependence of MOF assembly on the presence of a layered structure in the precursor. Further insights into the evolution of the structure and Fe centers are provided by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared, Mossbauer and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The obtained Fe–BTC exhibited a higher crystallinity and a higher content of accessible Lewis-acid sites compared to the commercial counterpart, which in turn resulted in a higher catalytic activity for Knoevenagel condensation.
Paramagnetic Resonance of Ce3+ in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet

Paramagnetic resonance measurements have been made at 4.2°K and 9 kMc/sec on Ce3+ in Y3Al5O12(YAG). The measured g values are gZ=2.738, gX=1.872, and gY=0.91. These values can be fitted accurately if an admixture of ∼0.1 of the J=7/2 state is added to the J=5/2 ground state. There is evidence of a small, field‐dependent component of the g value. This is used to get a rough estimate of the splitting of the lowest quartet state.
Influence of Drying Conditions on the Effective Moisture Diffusivity and Energy Requirements of Ginger Slices

The thin layer drying behaviour of ginger slices in a laboratory dryer was examined. The slices of 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm thicknesses were dried using heated ambient air at temperatures from 40 to 70 oC and air velocity of 1.5 m/s. The effects of drying air temperature and slice thickness on the drying characteristics, drying time and energy requirement of drying process was determined. The results have shown that an increase in the drying air temperature causes shorter drying times. Thinner slices also causes a shorter drying time. The effective moisture diffusivity values increased from 3.36814 × 10 -10 m 2 /s to 5.82524 × 10 -9 m 2 /s while the activation energy values for different slice thickness of ginger varied from 196.15 to 198.79 kJ/mol. The total needed energy varied from 735.3 to 868.5 kWh while the value of specific energy requirement varied from 3676.6 to 4342.4 kWh/kg respectively.
ANALISIS RISIKO ERGONOMI TERHADAP KELUHAN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) PADA PEKERJA KONVEKSI DI KELURAHAN KEBON PEDES KOTA BOGOR TAHUN 2018

Ergonomi merupakan aspek penting untuk menyeimbangkan antara penerapan teknologi yang� digunakan oleh manusia. Berbagai masalah akan timbul ketika ergonomi tidak diterapkan dengan benar yang akan berdampak pada keluhan muskuloskeletal (MSDs). MSDs merupakan masalah global karena prevalensi yang tinggi pada pekerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui analisis ergonomi terhadap keluhan MSDs pada pekerja konveksi di Kelurahan Kebon Pedes Kota Bogor tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan studi analitik dengan desain cross sectional study. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 98 pekerja dengan pengambilansampel jenuh sebanyak total populasi yaitu sebesar 98 responden. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner dan pengukuran risiko ergonomi menggunakan RULA dan REBA, sedangkan untuk keluhan MSDs menggunakan Nordic Body Map (NBM). Analisis data menggunakan perangkat lunak aplikasi statistik (SPSS 23.0) dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasilpenelitian menunjukan ada hubungan antara tingkat risiko ergonomi (p=0,001) OR 6,030, kebiasaan olahraga (p=0,012) OR 3,327 dengan keluhan MSDs, dan tidak adanya hubungan antara usia (p=1,000), masa kerja (p=0,202), jenis kelamin (p=0,608) dengan keluhan MSDs. Kesimpulanpenelitian ini adalah pekerja yang memiliki tingkat risiko ergonomi tinggi dan tidak terbiasa berolahraga berisiko terhadap keluhan MSDs. Disarankan kepada pemilik UMKM dan pekerja untuk menerapkan tata cara bekerja yang ergonomis dan rutin melakukan peregangan otot agartidak menimbulkan risiko terjadinya keluhan MSDs.
Mathematical Expression of Phosphorus Distribution in Steelmaking Process by Quadratic Formalism

Phosphorus distribution between slag and liquid iron has been studied at the temperature range from 1 573 to 1 953 K. The slag system of FetO–P2O5–MxOy(MxOy=CaO, MgO, SiO2) ternary, and of FetO–P2O5–CaO–MxOy(MxOy=MgO, SiO2) quaternary were studied to clarify the effect of oxides on the phosphorus distribution equilibrium at steelmaking process.In view of ionic theory, the approximate validity of regular solution model was examined to formulate the equilibrium reaction of phosphorus distribution between slag and metal. As the results, it was confirmed that the regular solution model was satisfied for all the experimental results including the present work and the previous studies by other investigators, except for extreamly high iron oxide region. The phosphorus and oxygen contents in liquid iron in equilibrium with slag can be estimated within the accuracy of ±10% by the quadratic formalism derived from an assumption of the regular solution of slag.
In vitro study of the effect of a pulsed 10.6μm CO2 laser and fluoride on the reduction of carious lesions progression in bovine root dentin

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combined in vitro effects a pulsed 10.6 μm CO2 laser and fluoride on the reduction of carious lesion progression in root dentin. Sixty five slabs of previously demineralized bovine root dentin were assigned into five groups (n=13): control (no treatment), acidulated phosphate fluoride gel 1.23% (FFA), CO2 Laser (L), FFA+L, L+FFA. The lasered groups were irradiated with 4.0J/cm2. After a 7 day pH cycling regime, the knoop hardness number (KHN) was determined by cross-sectional microhardness testing (5g, 5s, 10-60 μm, 10 μm interval). The data was analyzed by ANOVA and Student's t-test (α= 0.05). A significant interaction between KHN and the indentation depths was found (p<0.05). At 10-20 μm, FFA+L (KHN:12.12±0.95/13.07±1.03) and FFA (KHN:12.86±4.54/12.60±3.93) inhibited caries progression when compared to control group (KHN:8.76±0.95/9.50±1.03) (p<0.05), but did not differ with neither each other nor from group L (p>0.05). At 30 μm, the KHN was significantly higher than the control only in the FFA group (KHN:15.35±1.16). At 40 μm, the groups FFA (KHN: 15.87±3.76), L (KHN: 15.57±5.71) and L+FFA (KHN:15.50±5.08) were capable of significantly inhibiting caries progression, however they did not differ each other (p>0.05). At depths of 50-60 μm, only group L (KHN:17.05±1.29/18.26±1.30) differed statistically from the control (KHN:13.43±1.24/13.81±1.25), but not from the other groups. In conclusion, CO2 laser alone was able to inhibit caries progression in the deepest layers. However, no synergistic effect was obtained when CO2 laser irradiation and FFA application and were combined.
Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

The efficient entry of nanotechnology-based pharmaceuticals into target cells is highly desired to reach high therapeutic efficiency while minimizing the side effects. Despite intensive research, the impact of the surface coating on the mechanism of nanoparticle uptake is not sufficiently understood yet. Herein, we present a mechanistic study of cellular internalization pathways of two magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) differing in surface chemistry into A549 cells. The MNP uptake was investigated in the presence of different inhibitors of endocytosis and monitored by spectroscopic and imaging techniques. The results revealed that the route of MNP entry into cells strongly depends on the surface chemistry of the MNPs. While serum bovine albumin-coated MNPs entered the cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), caveolin-mediated endocytosis (CavME) or lipid rafts were preferentially involved in the internalization of polyethylene glycol-coated MNPs. Our data indicate that surface engineering can contribute to an enhanced delivery efficiency of nanoparticles.