Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aviation Contrail Cirrus and Radiative Forcing Over Europe During 6 Months of COVID‐19

The COVID‐19 pandemic led to a 72% reduction of air traffic over Europe in March–August 2020 compared to 2019. Modeled contrail cover declined similarly, and computed mean instantaneous radiative contrail forcing dropped regionally by up to 0.7 W m−2. Here, model predictions of cirrus optical thickness and the top‐of‐atmosphere outgoing longwave and reflected shortwave irradiances are tested by comparison to Meteosat‐SEVIRI‐derived data. The agreement between observations and modeled data is slightly better when modeled contrail cirrus contributions are included. The spatial distributions and diurnal cycles of the differences in these data between 2019 and 2020 are partially caused by differences in atmospheric and surface conditions, particularly for solar radiation in the spring of 2020. Aviation signals become discernible in the observed differences of these data between 2019 and 2020 when subtracting numerical weather prediction model results that approximate the atmosphere and surface conditions without contrails.
Review on the Effects of Increased Social Media Use on Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents

Social media (SM) allow individuals to connect with one another through online networking. SM has its benefits in regard to knowledge accumulation and effective communication with all persons at the global scale. However, increased use of SM can have detrimental effects among the adolescent population, specifically in terms of their mental health status. The purpose of the present review is to examine the literature in terms of the influence of increased SM use on the rates of depressive symptoms found in adolescents. During this review, approximately 40 articles were initially reviewed to examine whether or not they meet the primary evidence base criteria for the present literature review. The primary evidence base has been defined as follows: primary research articles published after 2015 in which DS in adolescents who use SM are examined. Based on these criteria, seven articles were located and reviewed. Overall, it has been generally found that an increase in SM use is associated with an increase in rates of depressive symptoms (DS) in adolescents. This finding is crucial as it brings forth the notion that SM may have a strong correlation with DS in a large percentage of adolescents globally. Hence, psychological experts (e.g. therapists, psychologists, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists) should consider investigating SM use levels from their clients prior to applying therapeutic interventions.
Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Present Scenario: A Review

Cysticercosis is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. It is the most common cause of epilepsy in the areas with improper pig husbandry practices and poor sanitary conditions. In pig the larvae lodges in the muscle and subcutaneous tissue and seldom manifests any clinical sign. In human beings the larval stage resides in the CNS thus leading to the condition Neurocysticercosis. The disease can be diagnosed by using various neuroimaging techniques and immunodiagnostic methods. Available therapeutic options include cysticidal drugs, steroids, anti-epileptic drugs etc. The disease can be controlled by anti-parasitic treatment of the pig and humans residing in endemic areas, vaccinating the pigs, creating awareness and other measures.
Gender equality on developing transport system in sicily: A consideration on regional scale

The development of transport technologies and systems, taking into account individual and/or shared mobility systems, should involve not only the characteristics of the places where it develops, but also the characteristics of road users. The increase in transport supply makes it easier to achieve job opportunities and thus increases the potential for wealth. The development of different forms of mobility also offers better access to areas, such as education centers, and limits the disparity between road users of different age groups and gender. The presence of children and income characteristics are factors that can influence women’s mobility choice such as using public transport, owned/shared micro mobility, or e-bikes. The study in this paper defines in a first phase some considerations on gender equality through describing some case studies from the South of the world. A questionnaire, including 1150 women over 18 years old in the use of the different modes of transport in the region of Sicily in southern Italy, was carried out. The results highlight the critical issues that often lead to different perceptions of safety on board or gender equality considering both the passenger’s and the driver’s point of view. The limits of the research are related to the analyzed sample. The work shows a first step of investigation aimed at future research actions to reduce gender inequalities, providing the basis for the definition of ad hoc strategies by local authorities and dedicated vouchers or fares by operators of transport services for women.
Digital Divide in Advanced Smart City Innovations

A smart city aims to become a citizen-centered city where citizens actively engage in urban operation and share urban data within a high-tech ICT infrastructure. It premises ‘smart citizens’ who can understand and utilize digital technology to adapt well to the various infrastructure of smart cities. In reality, however, not only tech-savvy citizens but those who are not likely to coexist in a smart city. Disadvantaged groups with relatively insufficient awareness and the necessity of technologies might be excluded from smart cities’ various benefits. The smart city innovations need to encompass diverse social groups’ engagements to claim their legitimacy and sustainability from a long-term perspective. In this light, this study examines the potential digital divide in the advanced technologies used in the emerging 5G smart city era. Using survey data, we investigate if the smart citizens’ social and technical readiness in terms of the use experience and necessity of new technologies can predict the adoption and use of the emerging 5G smart city innovations. The empirical results from this study can inform the digital divide between the general public and technology-disadvantaged groups. The findings can also guide policymakers in prioritizing technologies that are accessible and beneficial to all potential residents of smart cities in the future. Finally, the results yield specific policy implications for practitioners who design more inclusive and sustainable smart cities in the 5G era.
Word learning and verbal working memory in children with developmental language disorder

Background and aims Previous research into word learning in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) indicates that the learning of word forms and meanings, rather than form-referent links, is problematic. This difficulty appears to arise with impaired encoding, while retention of word knowledge remains intact. Evidence also suggests that word learning skills may be related to verbal working memory. We aimed to substantiate these findings in the current study by exploring word learning over a series of days. Methods Fifty children with DLD (mean age 6; 11, 72% male) and 54 age-matched typically developing (TD) children (mean age 6; 10, 56% male) were taught eight novel words across a four-day word learning protocol. Day 1 measured encoding, Days 2 and 3 measured re-encoding, and Day 4 assessed retention. At each day, word learning success was evaluated using Naming, Recognition, Description, and Identification tasks. Results Children with DLD showed comparable performance to the TD group on the Identification task, indicating an intact ability to learn the form-referent links. In contrast, children with DLD performed significantly worse for Naming and Recognition (signifying an impaired ability to learn novel word forms), and for Description, indicating problems establishing new word meanings. These deficits for the DLD group were apparent at Days 1, 2, and 3 of testing, indicating impairments with initial encoding and re-encoding; however, the DLD and TD groups demonstrated a similar rate of learning. All children found the retention assessments at Day 4 difficult, and there were no significant group differences. Finally, verbal working memory emerged as a significant moderator of performance on the Naming and Recognition tasks, such that children with DLD and poor verbal working memory had the lowest levels of accuracy. Conclusions This study demonstrates that children with DLD struggle with learning novel word forms and meanings, but are unimpaired in their ability to establish new form-referent links. The findings suggest that the word learning deficit may be attributed to problems with encoding, rather than with retention, of new word knowledge; however, further exploration is required given the poor performance of both groups for retention testing. Furthermore, we found evidence that an impaired ability to learn word forms may only be apparent in children who have DLD and low levels of verbal working memory. Implications When working with children with DLD, speech-language pathologists should assess word learning using tasks that evaluate the ability to learn word forms, meanings, and form-referent links to develop a profile of individual word learning strengths and weaknesses. Clinicians should also assess verbal working memory to identify children at particular risk of word learning deficits. Future research should explore the notion of optimal intervention intensity for facilitating word learning in children with poor language and verbal working memory.
Land redistribution in South Africa’s land reform policy: a better way to select beneficiaries

ABSTRACT South Africa’s land reform policy might succeed better if it had clear criteria for selecting beneficiaries for land redistribution. The National Development Plan identifies the intended beneficiaries and states how they should be selected, but implementation of the plan is haphazard. A 2019 report by the Presidency’s Land Reform and Agriculture Advisory Panel recommends that the beneficiary selection process be clear and transparent. In this paper, we respond to the report and expand on a proposal in the 2020 draft Beneficiary Selection Policy. Our study is based on a review of the relevant policies and the literature on beneficiary selection, and a profile of 833 potential land redistribution beneficiaries randomly selected from three provinces in South Africa. We highlight the flaws in the existing selection methods. Building on the suggestion of Vink and Kirsten (2019) of a tender or job application process, we suggest improvements we suggest improvements that could reduce inefficiencies and make the selection process inclusive and transparent.
A revolutionary love story in teacher education and early childhood education

ABSTRACT Guided by Kalamu ya Salaam’s Revolutionary Love poem, this article theorizes 3 tenets of revolutionary love in education: (a) self-examination, (b) interconnectedness, and (c) liberation. The authors, a teacher educator, educational consultant, inservice, and preservice teacher will conceptualize how they enact these tenets in teacher education and early childhood education and provide implications and recommendations for practice.
An Overview on the Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) on Farms for the Management of Dairy Cows

Dairy farming is increasingly affected by the digital revolution. To respond to current challenges—such as environmental, economic, and social sustainability—new technologies must be adopted, entering the perspective of precision livestock farming. This is made possible by the development of countless sensors to be adopted in the barn. The technology that is affecting various aspects of dairy cattle breeding is certainly near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) which is versatile and can be used online/inline to evaluate and control the critical points of the production process by entering the PAT (process analytical technology). In the barn, NIRS currently can obtain information on the chemical-physical composition of raw materials, total mixed ration (TMR), feces and digestibility, chemical and technological analysis of milk. All this in a short time by eliminating the waiting times for analysis response and costs, allowing an improvement of livestock management. Many studies affirm the validity of NIRS as a reliable and predictive technology against multiple relevant parameters in matrices such as raw feed, TMR, feces, and milk. This review highlights the usefulness of NIRS technology in dairy farm with particular attention to portable instrumentation usable directly on the farm.
Compatible Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions in the CMIP6 Earth System Models’ Historical and Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Experiments of the Twenty-First Century

We present the compatible CO2 emissions from fossil fuel (FF) burning and industry, calculated from the historical and Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) experiments of nine Earth system models (ESMs) participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The multimodel mean FF emissions match the historical record well and are close to the data-based estimate of cumulative emissions (394 ± 59 GtC vs 400 ± 20 GtC, respectively). Only two models fall inside the observed uncertainty range; while two exceed the upper bound, five fall slightly below the lower bound, due primarily to the plateau in CO2 concentration in the 1940s. The ESMs’ diagnosed FF emission rates are consistent with those generated by the integrated assessment models (IAMs) from which the SSPs’ CO2 concentration pathways were constructed; the simpler IAMs’ emissions lie within the ESMs’ spread for seven of the eight SSP experiments, the other being only marginally lower, providing confidence in the relationship between the IAMs’ FF emission rates and concentration pathways. The ESMs require fossil fuel emissions to reduce to zero and subsequently become negative in SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP4-3.4, and SSP5-3.4over. We also present the ocean and land carbon cycle responses of the ESMs in the historical and SSP scenarios. The models’ ocean carbon cycle responses are in close agreement, but there is considerable spread in their land carbon cycle responses. Land-use and land-cover change emissions have a strong influence over the magnitude of diagnosed fossil fuel emissions, with the suggestion of an inverse relationship between the two.
The effect of corrosion spatial randomness and model selection on the ultimate strength of stiffened panels

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of non-uniform thickness reduction and model selection on the predicted ultimate strength of stiffened panels under longitudinal compression. Random fields theory is used to describe the two-dimensional variation of thickness over the plates’ surface. Non-Gaussian sample functions are thus generated using the spectral representation method in combination with translation fields, whereas Monte Carlo simulation is employed to compute the response statistics. The paper provides an insightful guide for the implementation of stochastic finite element method (SFEM) into a deterministic FE software such as Abaqus. The evaluation of stiffened panel's ultimate strength variation due to the described inherent uncertainties of thickness and model selection, namely, the CSR load-end shortening curves analytical relations versus SFEM, is implemented. The results revealed that the uniform thickness approach of CSR using the net-50 scantlings provides a reasonable conservatism on the predicted ultimate strength.
Evaluation of relationship between ruminal pH and the proportion of de novo fatty acids in milk

Graphical Abstract Summary: Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a serious problem in high-producing dairy cows, but its diagnosis is difficult. Recently, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) was introduced to the dairy industry as a tool to estimate milk fatty acids (FA), such as de novo, mixed-origin, and preformed FA. The present study showed that milk de novo FA (g/100 g of FA) concentration was positively related to nadir and mean ruminal pH and negatively related to duration below pH 5.8. Milk fat content was not related to ruminal pH, indicating that milk de novo FA concentration is an appropriate measurement variable that relates to ruminal pH.
Trust in Congruent Sources, Absolutely: The Moderating Effects of Ideological and Epistemological Beliefs on the Relationship between Perceived Source Congruency and News Credibility

ABSTRACT This study explores the moderating effects that ideological and epistemological beliefs have on the relationship between perceived news source congruency and ratings of news credibility. Findings from an online experiment with a US sample (N = 429) show that news from a perceived ideologically congruent source is seen as being more credible than news from an ideologically incongruent source. Stronger ideological beliefs exacerbate this effect. Epistemological beliefs also moderate this effect. The more that individuals view the nature of knowledge and knowing in certain, black-and-white terms, the more likely they are to rate political news from an ideologically congruent source as credible. On the other hand, the more evaluative that individuals’ views on the nature of knowledge and knowing are, the more likely they are to rate political news from a neutral source as credible. Findings raise normative concerns regarding the ready acceptance of agreeable information yet also point to a potential path toward mitigating this problem: fostering critical, evaluative thinking.
Analisis Tingkat Literasi Digital dan Keterampilan Kolaborasi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran IPA Kelas VII Secara Daring

Keterampilan belajar dan keterampilan literasi di abad 21 ini yang dibutuhkan siswa adalah keterampilan kolaborasi dan literasi digital. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis tingkat literasi digital dan keterampilan kolaborasi siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA secara daring pada topik Interaksi Makhluk Hidup dengan Lingkungannya. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif dan dilakukan pada Oktober s.d. November 2019. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Kedua instrumen tersebut dipakai untuk mengukur tingkat literasi digital dan keterampilan kolaborasi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu tingkat literasi digitial siswa dibedakan menjadi tiga kategori, yaitu tinggi 69%, sedang 18%, dan rendah 13%. Sementara itu, tingkat keterampilan kolaborasi siswa juga dibedakan menjadi tiga kategori yaitu tinggi 72%, sedang 23%, dan rendah 7%. Indikator dan item pertanyaan dari angket dan lembar observasi ini dapat dijadikan sebagai landasan untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah keterampilan literasi digital dan keterampilan kolaborasi siswa termasuk dalam kategori tinggi melalui skor yang didapat pada angket dan lembar observasi.
Maxwell-Wagner Relaxations in Ca-, Sm- and Nd- doped Ceria

1 Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Physics & Material Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China 2 High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China. 3 State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 4 Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China 5 State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
A nurse-led intervention to improve management of virological failure in public sector HIV clinics in Durban, South Africa: A pre- and post-implementation evaluation.

BACKGROUND Identification of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with virological failure (VF) and the response in the public health sector remain significant challenges. We previously reported improvement in routine viral load (VL) monitoring after ART commencement through a health system-strengthening, nurse-led 'VL champion' programme as part of a multidisciplinary team in three public sector clinics in Durban, South Africa. OBJECTIVES To report on the impact of the VL champion model adapted to identify, support and co-ordinate the management of individuals with VF on first-line ART in a setting with limited electronic-based record capacity. METHODS We evaluated the VL champion model using a controlled before-after study design. A paper-based tool, the 'high VL register', was piloted under the supervision of the VL champion to improve data management, monitoring of counselling support, and enacting of clinical decisions. We abstracted chart and electronic data (TIER.net) for eligible individuals with VF in the year before and after implementation of the programme, and compared outcomes for individuals during these periods. Our primary outcome was successful completion of the VF pathway, defined as a repeat VL <1 000 copies/mL or a change to second-line ART within 6 months of VF. In a secondary analysis, we assessed the completion of each step in the pathway. RESULTS We identified 60 and 56 individuals in the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods, respectively, with VF who met the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were similar between the periods. Repeat VL testing was completed in 61.7% and 57.8% of individuals in these two groups, respectively. We found no difference in the proportion achieving our primary outcome in the pre- and post-intervention periods: 11/60 (18.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 9 - 28) and 15/56 (22.8%; 95% CI 15 - 38), respectively (p=0.28). In multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors, individuals in the post-intervention period had a non-significant doubling of the odds of achieving the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio 2.07; 95% CI 0.75 - 5.72). However, there was no difference in the rates of completion of each step along the first-line VF cascade of care. CONCLUSIONS This enhanced intervention to improve VF in the public sector using a paper-based data management system failed to achieve significant improvements in first-line VF management over the standard of care. In addition to interventions that better address patient-centred factors that contribute to VF, we believe that there are substantial limitations to and staffing requirements involved in the ongoing utilisation of a paper-based tool. A prioritisation is needed to further expand and upgrade the electronic medical record system with capabilities for prompting staff regarding patients with missed visits and critical laboratory results demonstrating VF.