Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do supervisory rating standards change over time

Supervisory BOPEC ratings were assigned to bank holding companies (BHCs) during the years 1987 to 2004 as a summary of their overall performance and level of supervisory concern. In this article, we examine the stability of the BOPEC ratings assigned over that period. We model supervisory ratings using balance sheet variables, and our analysis suggests that BOPEC rating standards varied over time. Supervisors seem to have applied more stringent rating standards from 1989 to 1992, a period marked by a recession and a large degree of distress in the banking sector. Rating standards then eased during the economic recovery from 1993 to 1998, before showing increasing signs of toughness again from 1999 through 2004. Based on our estimated model parameters, we find that, in some cases, up to 25 percent of the BHCs that were assigned a BOPEC rating in a "tough" year would have been given a better rating in an "easy" year. The reasons for the observed variation in supervisory standards could be changes in supervisory behavior, but they are also surely related to the substantial changes that occurred within the U.S. banking system over this 17-year period.
Comparison of fishes taken by a sportfishing party vessel around oil platforms and adjacent natural reefs near Santa Barbara, California

Since 1958, 29 oil platforms have been sited in the southern California Bight of which 28 still remain in place. However, little is known of the fish populations surrounding these structures, particularly those sited in water deeper than 30 m. In the course of research on the Santa Barbara, California, party vessel sport fishery, it was noted that the platforms off Santa Barbara supported considerable sportfishing activity. Those platforms, located to the southeast of Santa Barbara in depths of 48-62 m, were particularly important and were fished intensively for various rockfishes (genus Sebastes). When fishing a platform, the vessel pulled up to within 5-10 m of a platform and drifts along one side, with the vessel operator using intermittent power to keep it near the structure. Most of the desirable species, particularly rockfishes, remained close to the platforms, rarely venturing more than perhaps 20 m from the structure. The party vessels also spent considerable time fishing over nearby natural reefs. In this survey, it was noted that there appeared to be differences in species catch composition and fish size between oil platforms and these natural reefs. Increased offshore oil drilling off California has raised interest in the role platforms playmore » in marine systems. Questions have been raised regarding what fish live around platforms, how these structures influence populations over surrounding reefs, and whether the platforms act as fish enhancers (promoting recruitment) or only as aggregators. These questions are particularly relevant when the platforms are to be decommissioned and the possibility of allowing them to remain as artificial reefs is raised. This paper describes the results of the study on the fish populations around oil platforms and nearby natural reefs off Santa Barbara. « less
A cross sectional study of the knowledge, attitude and practice of ASHA workers regarding child health (under five years of age) in Surendranagar district.

Background: Activity of ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) is one of the key components in the National Rural Health Mission. They can play an important role in identifying child morbidity at the earliest and improving their health status. Aims and objectives: 1. To find out the knowledge, attitude and practice of ASHA workers regarding child health under five years of age. 2. To associate their knowledge, attitude and practice with education level of ASHA workers. 3. To associate their knowledge, attitude and practice with total duration of services as ASHA worker. Materials and Methods: Type of the study: Cross sectional study, Study area/setting: Five PHC of Surendranagar district, Participants & sample size: 130 “ASHA” Workers, sampling: Simple random sampling . Data collection: Predesigned and pre-tested proforma Results: The mean age of subjects was 27.8 ±6. About 70% of them had received secondary level of education. Almost 86.2% of ASHA workers had improper knowledge regarding new born care. Nearly 70% knew the causes of diarrhea but 91.5% of them had no idea about signs of the dehydration. About 68.46% and 68.47% had lack of knowledge about measles & pneumonia respectively. Approximately 80.77% knew about signs/symptoms of malaria but 59.23% among them did not know what to do if the child was having it. Conclusion: Inspite of training which is given to ASHA workers there is still a lacunae left in their knowledge regarding the various aspects of morbidity and mortality of children under 5 years of age. So frequency and quality of training of ASHA workers must be strengthened.
The Relationship Between Leadership Behaviors and Volunteer Commitment: The Role of Volunteer Satisfaction

Despite the relative scarcity of studies on the impact of leadership styles on satisfaction and commitment of volunteers within non-profit organizations, this relationship plays a crucial role in fostering sustained volunteerism and volunteers' well-being. A questionnaire was administered to more than 200 volunteers involved in delivering social services in non-profit organizations from Central and Northern Italy. The questionnaire contained the Volunteer Satisfaction Index, the sub-scale on Affective Commitment of the Organizational Commitment Scale, and two sub-scales of the Key Leadership Behaviors, namely: Helping people to grow and lead, and Enabling learning and innovation. Socio-demographic data were collected as well. Findings revealed that leaders' actions oriented toward the enablement of learning and innovation have an effect on volunteers' affective commitment, through the full mediation of volunteer satisfaction. Leaders' actions oriented toward the growth and empowerment of volunteers, instead, did not show significant relationships with volunteer satisfaction and affective commitment.
Speech-language pathologists’ perceptions of the use of telepractice in the delivery of services to people with Parkinson’s disease: A national pilot survey

Abstract Purpose: To explore the perceptions, use and interest to use telepractice by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to deliver services to people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). Method: A cross-sectional, mixed-methods online survey was conducted. Recruitment of SLPs with an active caseload of PwPD was conducted through non-probability, purposive sampling. Data were analysed using frequency distribution and thematic analysis. Result: A total of 63 SLPs responded. The majority (82.5%) were interested in telepractice, but only 23.1% provided services to PwPD online. Monitoring of motor speech function, and therapy were the primary services delivered online. Of those who did not currently offer online services to PwPD, 77.5% expressed interest to use telepractice. The development of telepractice guidelines and a comprehensive list of available software were the resources most requested to assist clinicians in offering such services. Most perceived telepractice as an appropriate delivery method for speech-language pathology services. However, views regarding the preference for face-to-face delivery were divided. Conclusion: SLPs view telepractice as a viable service delivery model for PwPD, but uptake of the model is variable. Several key barriers and resource limitations must be addressed to facilitate the implementation and sustainability of telepractice in clinical services.
The “Ocean Stabilization Machine” May Represent a Primary Factor Underlying the Effect of “Global Warming on Climate Change”

Contemporary references to global warming pertain to the dramatic increase in monthly global land surface temperature (GLST) anomalies since 1976. In this paper,we argue that recent global warming is primarily a result of natural causes; we have established three steps that support this viewpoint. The first is to identify periodic functions that perfectly match all of the monthly anomaly data for GLST; the second is to identify monthly sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies that are located within different ocean basin domains and highly correlated with the monthly GLST anomalies; and the third is to determine whether the dramatically increasing (or dramatically decreasing) K-line diagram signals that coincide with GLST anomalies occurred in El Niño years (or La Niña years). We have identified 15,295 periodic functions that perfectly fit the monthly GLST anomalies from 1880 to 2013 and show that the monthly SST anomalies in six domains in different oceans are highly correlated with the monthly GLST anomalies. In addition,most of the annual dramatically increasing GLST anomalies occur in El Niño years; and most of the annual dramatically decreasing GLST anomalies occur in La Niña years. These findings indicate that the “ocean stabilization machine” might represent a primary factor underlying the effect of “global warming on climate change”.
Modeling and Experimental Validation of Total Solar Fraction for Even Span Greenhouses by Shadow Area Concept

In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate total solar fraction (which is the ratio of the area of the shadow outside greenhouse to the total shadow area of the greenhouse) experimentally and theoretically for an even span greenhouse at New Delhi (28.58°N) by measuring the shadow length and then evaluating the shadow area. Greenhouse floor dimensions are 6m × 4m, wall height 2m and ridge height 3m. Experimental shadow data were obtained for a typical day of each month from 9 am to 3 pm for one year. It has also been validated theoretically (relation between geometrical shape of greenhouse, sun rays, and sun earth angles). There is fair agreement between experimental and theoretical results in both cases. Solar fraction obtained from shadow area is higher during winter than summer period. The value of solar fraction is higher at any particular time of the day, than that obtained earlier by Auto-CAD because the present study includes beam and diffuse radiations together, and it is the sum of solar fraction from all walls of greenhouse. The hourly variation of greenhouse room air temperature has also been predicted for typical day of winter and summer month respectively.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Second Chances : Subprime Mortgage Modification and Re-Default

Mortgage modifications have become an important component of public interventions designed to reduce foreclosures. In this paper, we examine how the structure of a mortgage modification affects the likelihood of the modified mortgage re-defaulting over the next year. Using data on subprime modifications that precede the government’s Home Affordable Modification Program, we focus our attention on those modifications in which the borrower was seriously delinquent and the monthly payment was reduced as part of the modification. The average re-default rate over the twelve months following the modification is 56 percent. The data indicate that the re-default rate declines with the magnitude of the reduction in the monthly payment, but also that the re-default rate declines relatively more when the payment reduction is achieved through principal forgiveness as opposed to lower interest rates.
Climatic conditions governing the Early Middle Eocene Azolla blooms and responses of the fresh water fern to elevated pCO2 conditions

Sediments from the Integrated Ocean drilling program expedition 302 contain high concentrations of intact remains of Azolla megaspores and microspore massulea, indicating that this free-floating aquatic fern grew and reproduced in situ in the Eocene Arctic Ocean. Today, Azolla inhabits fresh water bodies (the salinity tolerance of Azolla is 5), suggesting that the Arctic surface waters should have been fresh during the Eocene Azolla interval. Available proxy data and modeling results suggest that a reduced latitudinal temperature gradient prevailed during the interval. Furthermore, humidity was higher around the Eocene Arctic basin and the hydrological cycle was intensified during the Eocene. Here a compound specific hydrogen isotope signal for Eocene Central Arctic Ocean precipitation is presented for the first time. The results show isotopically heavy δD values for the Eocene Arctic precipitation (approximately -134‰) compared to todays (approximately -230‰). The heavy isotope signal of the Eocene Arctic precipitation is a consequence of reduced rainout over the equator-to-pole transect (as a consequence of the reduced latitudinal temperature gradient) and increased high latitude rainfall. Freshening of the Eocene Arctic surface waters can be reconstructed by calculating the degree of mixing between the surface water and the deeper saline waters. By comparing the δD value of the Eocene Arctic precipitation (-134‰) with the δD value of the Eocene Arctic surface waters, based on the δD signal of Azolla specific biomarkers (ranging between -116‰ and -133‰), and the δD value of modern Arctic surface waters (-8‰), mixing of the sea surface and deeper saline waters seems to be much reduced during the Azolla event. A quantification of the degree of mixing suggests that surface/deep water mixing during the Eocene was utmost 14.3%, resulting in a sea surface water salinity of only 0-4.8. The warmer Arctic SSTs and the freshening of the surface waters in the Early/Middle Eocene Arctic basin, confirms the prevalence of an environment where Azolla could have grown. The (99:1, filtered using a PTFE The polar fractions were analyzed for TEX 86 using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) at NIOZ (Texel, Netherlands) (following Schouten et al , 2007). The integrated results were converted to sea surface temperatures using both the calibration of Schouten et al (2002) (eq 1) and Kim et al (2008) (eq 2).
English in Post-Revolutionary Iran

Foreword (by Ofelia Garcia) Preface Introduction PART 1: THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES 1. The Politics of Educational Borrowing and Lending 2. History of English in Iran (1836-1979) PART 2: ENGLISH IN POST REVOLUTIONARY IRAN (1979-PRESENT) 3. The Revolutionary Period (1979-1988) 4. The Period of Reconstruction and Privatization (1989-1997) 5. The Period of Global Outlook (1997-2005) 6. Returning to the Revolutionary Roots (2005-present) 7. Reflections: Forces From above, Forces From Below
Efficacy of pharmacotherapy against core traits of borderline personality disorder: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

We conducted a meta-analysis of published randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials that evaluated the effect of pharmacotherapy in patients with borderline personality disorder. Comprehensive searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychLIT and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were performed using web-based search engines. Twenty articles, reporting 22 placebo-controlled comparisons, were included in the meta-analysis: eight involved antipsychotics, seven antidepressants and seven mood stabilizers. Antidepressants (four studies, standardized mean difference −0.55, 95% confidence interval −0.92, −0.17) and mood stabilizers (six studies, standardized mean difference −1.74, 95% confidence interval −2.76, −0.73) were effective against affective instability and anger, but did not produce significant benefits against impulsivity and aggression, unstable relationships, suicidality and global functioning. Antipsychotics as a class had a positive effect in terms of impulsivity and aggression (three studies, standardized mean difference −0.31, 95% confidence interval −0.63, −0.003), interpersonal relationships (three studies, standardized mean difference −0.52, 95% confidence interval −0.87, −0.17) and global functioning (seven studies, standardized mean difference −0.56, 95% confidence interval −1.00, −0.11). No difference was observed between pharmacotherapy and placebo in terms of participants leaving the study early. Pharmacotherapy can exert a modest beneficial effect on some core traits of borderline personality disorder.
Study of Excessive Cabin Temperatures of the Car Parked in Oman and its Mitigation T

High solar global insolation in Oman causes typically very high ambient temperature especially during summer season. During summer if the cars are parked directly under the sun, cabin inside the car will experience a kind of greenhouse effect this will lead to higher cabin temperature and cause problems inside the car like color fading and seat upholstery wear and tear and even cause damage to other cabin elements. The high temperature prevailing inside the vehicle parked under the sunlight is definitely unreceptive to the occupants when they arrive to take a drive. This paper demonstrates a temperature measurements carried out inside a sedan car which was parked under the sunlight to study the temperature pattern inside a parked car. Further investigation was carried out to minimize the temperature rise inside a parked car by developing and installing simple ventilation systems with a set of fans to purge the hot air trapped inside the cabin. A simple ventilation system was developed by means of two fans which drove out the hot trapped air and a secondary fan to cool down the temperature inside the car by providing fresh air for limited time. A solar photovoltaic panel was used to drive the ventilation system which made the ventilation system completely independent from the car power source. The experimental investigation revealed that, on a bright sunny day, the vehicles cabin air temperatures was approximately 22C higher than the ambient temperature, while with the developed ventilation the difference between the cabin and outside air temperature was reduced by 50% approximately. Keywords— Cabin Air Temperature, Parked Car, Radiation, Solar Photovoltaic and Ventilation
The Barringer Award Address Presented 1996 July 25, Berlin, Germany: Impact experiments related to the evolution of planetary regoliths

Abstract— Impact‐induced comminution of planetary surfaces is pervasive throughout the solar system and occurs on submillimeter to global scales, resulting in comminution products that range from fine‐grained surface soils, to massive, polymict ejecta deposits, to collisionally fragmented objects. Within this wide range of comminution products, we define regoliths in a narrow sense as materials that were processed by repetitive impacts to dimensional scales comparable to or smaller than that of component minerals of the progenitor rock(s). In this paper, we summarize a wide variety of impact experiments and other observations that were primarily intended to understand the evolution of regoliths on lunar basalt flows, and we discuss some of their implications for asteroidal surfaces.
Initial Results on a New Light-Duty 2.7L Opposed-Piston Gasoline Compression Ignition Multi-Cylinder Engine

Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is a cost-effective approach to achieving diesel-like efficiencies with low emissions. Traditional challenges with GCI arise at low-load conditions due to low charge temperatures causing combustion instability and at high-load conditions due to peak cylinder pressure and noise limitations. The fundamental architecture of the two-stroke Achates Power Opposed-Piston Engine (OP Engine) enables GCI by decoupling piston motion from cylinder scavenging, allowing for flexible and independent control of cylinder residual fraction and temperature leading to improved low load combustion. In addition, the high peak cylinder pressure and noise challenges at high-load operation are mitigated by the lower BMEP operation and faster heat release for the same pressure rise rate of the OP Engine. These advantages further solidify the performance benefits of the OP Engine and demonstrate the near-term feasibility of advanced combustion technologies, enabled by the opposed-piston architecture. This paper presents initial results from a steady state testing on a brand new 2.7L OP GCI multi-cylinder engine. A part of the recipe for successful GCI operation calls for high compression ratio, leading to higher combustion stability at low-loads, higher efficiencies, and lower cycle HC+NOx emissions. In addition, initial results on catalyst light-off mode with GCI are also presented. The OP Engine’s architectural advantages enable faster and earlier catalyst light-off while producing low emissions, which further improves cycle emissions and fuel consumption over conventional engines.
Designing Cyclopentapeptide Inhibitor of Neuraminidase H5N1 Virus Through Molecular and Pharmacology Simulations

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza(HPAI) H5N1 has attracted much attention as a potential pandemic virus in humans, which makes death inevitable in humans. Neuraminidase(NA) has an important role in viral replication. Thus, it is an attractive target when designing anti-influenza virus drug. However, evolving viruses cause some anti-viral drugs to be ineffective, as they show resistance to them. Selection of peptides as drug candidates is important for the peptide-receptor activity and good selectivity. Cyclic bonds in the peptide ligand design aim to improve the stability of the system and remove the obstacles in drug metabolism. The design is based on the polarity of the ligand and amino acid residues in the active site of NA. The results are 4200 cyclic pentapeptides as potential lead compounds. Docking simulations were conducted using MOE 2008.10 and were screened based on the value of the binding energy(? Gbinding). ADME-Tox prediction assay was conducted on the selected ligands.Intra- and inter-molecular interactions, as well as changes in the form of bonds, were tested by molecular dynamics simulations at temperatures of 310 K and 312 K. The results of the docking simulations and toxicity prediction assay show that there are two ligands that have a residual interaction with the target protein: CLDRC and CIWRC. These two ligands have ? Gbindingvalues of –40.5854 and –39.9721 kcal/mol(1 kcal/mol = 4.18 k J/mol). These ligands are prone to be mutagenic and carcinogenic, and they have a good oral bioavailability. The results show that the molecular dynamics of both ligand CLDRC and CIWRC are more feasible at the temperature of 312 K. At the end,both CIWRC and CLDRC ligands can be used as the drug candidates against H5N1 virus.
Ju l 2 01 0 Curved A ∞ algebras and Landau-Ginzburg models

We study the Hochschild homology and cohomology of curved A∞ algebras that arise in the study of Landau-Ginzburg (LG) models in physics. We show that the ordinary Hochschild homology and cohomology of these algebras vanish. To correct this we introduce modified versions of these theories, Borel-Moore Hochschild homology and compactly supported Hochschild cohomology. For LG models the new invariants yield the answer predicted by physics, shifts of the Jacobian ring. We also study the relationship between graded LG models and the geometry of hypersurfaces. We prove that Orlov’s derived equivalence descends from an equivalence at the differential graded level, so in particular the CY/LG correspondence is a dg equivalence. This leads us to study the equivariant Hochschild homology of orbifold LG models. The results we get can be seen as noncommutative analogues of the Lefschetz hyperplane and Griffiths transversality theorems.