Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology and pathogenomics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli and - Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bulk tank milk in Tennessee, USA

Introduction The rise in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dairy cattle farms poses a risk to human health as they can spread to humans through the food chain, including raw milk. This study was designed to determine the status, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenic potential of ESBL-producing -E. coli and -Klebsiella spp. isolates from bulk tank milk (BTM). Methods Thirty-three BTM samples were collected from 17 dairy farms and screened for ESBL-E. coli and -Klebsiella spp. on CHROMagar ESBL plates. All isolates were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results Ten presumptive ESBL-producing bacteria, eight E. coli, and two K. pneumoniae were isolated. The prevalence of ESBL-E. coli and -K. pneumoniae in BTM was 21.2% and 6.1%, respectively. ESBL-E. coli were detected in 41.2% of the study farms. Seven of the ESBL-E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). The two ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone. Seven ESBL-E. coli strains carry the blaCTX-M gene, and five of them co-harbored blaTEM-1. ESBL-E. coli co-harbored blaCTX-M with other resistance genes, including qnrB19, tet(A), aadA1, aph(3’’)-Ib, aph(6)-Id), floR, sul2, and chromosomal mutations (gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE, and pmrB). Most E. coli resistance genes were associated with mobile genetic elements, mainly plasmids. Six sequence types (STs) of E. coli were detected. All ESBL-E. coli were predicted to be pathogenic to humans. Four STs (three ST10 and ST69) were high-risk clones of E. coli. Up to 40 virulence markers were detected in all E. coli isolates. One of the K. pneumoniae was ST867; the other was novel strain. K. pneumoniae isolates carried three types of beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1 and blaSHV). The novel K. pneumoniae ST also carried a novel IncFII(K) plasmid ST. Conclusion Detection of high-risk clones of MDR ESBL-E. coli and ESBL-K. pneumoniae in BTM indicates that raw milk could be a reservoir of potentially zoonotic ESBL-E. coli and -K. pneumoniae.
The Relationships Between Negative Affect, Parental Support, and Career Decision Among Multicultural Adolescents in Korea

Multicultural teenagers in South Korea often suffer from psychological difficulties, such as social withdrawal and depression, due to communication difficulties, discrimination, and economic constraints. These emotional problems negatively affect career decision-making. However, little is known about the basic mechanism through which multicultural adolescents’ internalizing problems affect their career decisions. This study expanded prior research by examining the sequential mediating effect of depression and achievement motivation in the relationship between social withdrawal and career decision-making and the moderated mediation effect of parental support in the causal pathway from social withdrawal to career decision-making via depression and achievement motivation. This study used panel data from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS), a national survey. The results showed a sequential mediating effect of depression and achievement motivation, a moderating effect, and a moderating mediating effect of parental support. The results of this study imply that parental support is an essential factor that helps multicultural adolescents improve their career decision-making by alleviating depression and enhancing achievement motivation.
The role of snapin in regulation of brain homeostasis

Brain homeostasis refers to the normal working state of the brain in a certain period, which is important for overall health and normal life activities. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the adverse consequences caused by brain homeostasis imbalance. Snapin is a protein that assists in the formation of neuronal synapses and plays a crucial role in the normal growth and development of synapses. Recently, many researchers have reported the association between snapin and neurologic and psychiatric disorders, demonstrating that snapin can improve brain homeostasis. Clinical manifestations of brain disease often involve imbalances in brain homeostasis and may lead to neurological and behavioral sequelae. This article aims to explore the role of snapin in restoring brain homeostasis after injury or diseases, highlighting its significance in maintaining brain homeostasis and treating brain diseases. Additionally, it comprehensively discusses the implications of snapin in other extracerebral diseases such as diabetes and viral infections, with the objective of determining the clinical potential of snapin in maintaining brain homeostasis.
Influence of topsoil removal on soil fertility and barley growth

ABSTRACT: Greenhouse and incubation experiments were conducted on two central-Alberta Mollisols to determine the effect of topsoil removal on N-mineralization potentials, loss in crop productivity and productivity restoration using fertilization with Nor P. Soil samples, 15-cm (6 in) deep, were obtained after removing 0, 6, 12 and 18 cm (0, 2, 5, and 7 in) of topsoil from cereal-grain cropped fields mapped as Malmo clay (Pachic Udic Haploboroll) and Peace Hills silt loam (Udic Hap-loboroll). At both sites, artificially-eroded topsoil had reduced concentration of total C, N, and NO3-N. In both soils, N-mineralization potentials (No) varied five-fold with depth of topsoil removal. The decrease of N0 was linear with depth of topsoil removal. Barley yields decreased with removal of topsoil on the treatment without N but the yield loss was restored with the addition of fertilizer N. Up to 200 mg N/kg of soil were needed to obtain maximum yields. Without addition of P, topsoil removal reduced barley yield only in the Peace Hills soil. The rate of P necessary to eliminate the yield difference between eroded and non-eroded soil was about 10 mg/kg. On the Malmo soil, barley yields also increased with the addition of P but these increases were similar over all levels of topsoil removal and smaller than those obtained in Peace Hills soil. We conclude that 1) the productivity of the two Mollisols studied, as measured by plant yield and N-mineralization potentials, was substantially reduced by topsoil removal; and 2) additions of N or P fertilizers to eroded topsoils improved yields, but these could not reach those attained on non-eroded topsoils under the same fertilizer treatment.
Antibiotic Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Children with Acute Otitis Media and in Middle Ear Fluid from Otorrhea

Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) is one of the leading bacteria implicated in childhood acute otitis media (AOM). Recent concerns have been raised about the emergence of Hi-resistant strains. We aimed to analyze the evolution of β-lactam resistance to Hi among strains isolated from nasopharyngeal carriage in children with AOM and in mild ear fluid (MEF) after the spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane (SPTM) in France. In this national ambulatory-based cohort study over 16 years, we analyzed the rate of Hi nasopharyngeal carriage and the proportion of β-lactam-resistant Hi strains over time using a segmented linear regression model. Among the 13,865 children (median [IQR] age, 12.7 [9.3–17.3] months; 7400 [53.4%] male) with AOM included from November 2006 to July 2022, Hi was isolated in 7311 (52.7%) children by nasopharyngeal sampling. The proportion of β-lactamase-producing and β-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) Hi strains in nasopharyngeal carriage remained stable during the study period. Among the 783 children (median [IQR] age, 20 [12.3–37.8] months; 409 [52.2%] male) with SPTM included from October 2015 to July 2022, Hi was isolated in 177 (22.6%) cases by MEF sampling. The proportions of β-lactamase-producing and BLNAR Hi strains did not significantly differ between nasopharyngeal (17.6% and 8.8%, respectively) and MEF (12.6% and 7.4%) samples. Accordingly, amoxicillin remains a valid recommendation as the first-line drug for AOM in France.
Enhancing Tamoxifen Therapy with α-Mangostin: Synergistic Antiproliferative Effects on Breast Cancer Cells and Potential Reduced Endometrial Impact

Breast cancer is the most prevalent neoplasia among women worldwide. For the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) phenotype, tamoxifen is the standard hormonal therapy; however, it carries the risk of promoting endometrial carcinoma. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of the phytochemical α-mangostin (AM) as a co-adjuvant alongside tamoxifen on breast cancer cells to improve its efficacy while reducing its adverse effects on endometrium. For this, ER+ breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T-47D) and endometrial cells (N30) were treated with AM, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-TMX), and their combination. Cell proliferation was evaluated using sulforhodamine B assay, and the pharmacological interaction was determined through the combination index and the dose reduction index calculation. The genes KCNH1, CCDN1, MKI67, and BIRC5 were amplified by real-time PCR as indicators of oncogenesis, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. Additionally, genes involved in ER signaling were analyzed. In breast cancer cells, the combination of AM with 4-OH-TMX showed a synergistic antiproliferative effect and favorable dose reduction. AM and 4-OH-TMX decreased KCNH1, CCND1, and BIRC5 gene expression. In endometrial cells, AM decreased MKI-67 gene expression, while it reverted the 4-OH-TMX-dependent CCND1 upregulation. This study establishes the benefits of incorporating AM as a co-adjuvant for first-line ER+ breast cancer therapy.
Rainfall Interception in Two Contrasting Forest Types in the Mount Gongga Area of Eastern Tibet, China

An important component of the water cycle in ecological systems, rainfall interception by virgin forests was here calculated from gross precipitation minus through fall and stem flow. The through fall measurement system was designed on the basis of a 3 m long trough mounted beneath the canopy and able to operate successfully under a range of rainfall conditions. Stem flow was measured using spiral collars consisting of a split plastic hose attached to sampled trees, with gross precipitation measured in an open area via a tipping-bucket rain gauge. This study was carried out to evaluate rainfall interception and distribution patterns of gross precipitation in two contrasting rainforest types (coniferous and broadleaved/coniferous mixed) in the Mount Gongga area on the eastern fringe of Tibet, China, from 2008 to 2009. Net precipitation was found to be primarily composed of through fall, while stem flow contributed less than 0.5% (0.1% and 0.4% in conifer and mixed forest, respectively) to total gross precipitation (GP) and was thus negligible in both forest types. The difference in the interception loss fraction between conifer and mixed forest was greater than 30%, with the interception loss of the former apparently more than that of the latter mainly due to the increased presence of small droplets produced by coniferous leaves. Additionally, interception loss in conifer forest was more dependent on rainfall than that in mixed forest. In contrast, through fall and stem flow exhibited the opposite pattern, likely attributable to a through fall lag of 8 to 10 h after rainfall in mixed forest but not in conifer forest.
Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Nonpregnant Women

This Practice Bulletin was developed by the ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins— Gynecology with the assistance of Jeanne Sheffield, MD. The information is designed to aid practitioners in making decisions about appropriate obstetric and gynecologic care. These guidelines should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of treatment or procedure. Variations in practice may be warranted based on the needs of the individual patient, resources, and limitations unique to the institution or type of practice.
α-Synuclein pathology from the body to the brain: so many seeds so close to the central soil

α-Synuclein is a protein that mainly exists in the presynaptic terminals. Abnormal folding and accumulation of α-synuclein are found in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease. Aggregated and highly phosphorylated α-synuclein constitutes the main component of Lewy bodies in the brain, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. For decades, much attention has been focused on the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain parenchyma rather than considering Parkinson’s disease as a systemic disease. Recent evidence demonstrates that, at least in some patients, the initial α-synuclein pathology originates in the peripheral organs and spreads to the brain. Injection of α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the gastrointestinal tract triggers the gut-to-brain propagation of α-synuclein pathology. However, whether α-synuclein pathology can occur spontaneously in peripheral organs independent of exogenous α-synuclein preformed fibrils or pathological α-synuclein leakage from the central nervous system remains under investigation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of peripheral α-synuclein pathology in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. We also discuss the pathways by which α-synuclein pathology spreads from the body to the brain.
Company Value Measurement through Intellectual Capital and Firm Size

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect from Intellectual Capital and Firm Size on financial performance that is measured by the value of companies in the real estate and property sectors that survive on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2018-2019. The data collection technique used is the documentation method and based on the selected criteria, 38 companies were obtained as the research sample. The data analysis technique used Multiple Regression with the SPSS 23 as the statistic tool. The results from this study proves that partially Intellectual Capital as measured by Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC) has a positive and significant effect on Company Value as measured by Return On Equity (ROE), while Firm Size as measured by using Ln Assets has a negative and insignificant effect on Company Value. However, Intellectual Capital and Firm Size simultaneously have a significant positive effect on Company Value. This research will be very useful for domestic and international investors in predicting the value in real estate and property companies by using the measurement of Intellectual Capital and Firm Size.
Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Nonpregnant Women

This Practice Bulletin was developed by the ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins— Gynecology with the assistance of Jeanne Sheffield, MD. The information is designed to aid practitioners in making decisions about appropriate obstetric and gynecologic care. These guidelines should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of treatment or procedure. Variations in practice may be warranted based on the needs of the individual patient, resources, and limitations unique to the institution or type of practice. Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Nonpregnant Women
Standardizing Characterization of Electromagnetic Water Content Sensors: Part 1. Methodology

Performance differences in the growing number of electromagnetic (EM) sensors designed to estimate soil water content from a variety of indirect measurements (e.g., from measured travel time, capacitance, frequency shift) suggests the need for a standardized sensor characterization methodology. We suggest that characterization and evaluation of EM sensors, which currently lack citable standards, be performed in a homogeneous fluid of known permittivity rather than in a porous medium of unknown permittivity. Our objectives were to (i) develop a methodology for evaluating EM sensor measurement attributes referencing sensor‐specific characteristics and targeted soil properties and (ii) suggest standards for characterization and comparison of sensors. Criteria for qualitative assessment of sensors include determination of effective measurement frequency; susceptibility to variations in salinity, dielectric relaxation, and temperature; and a look at spatial variation in sensor sampling area. Measurement frequencies for broadband sensors can be inferred from correlated network analyzer and sensor measurements or from manufacturer suggestions. Fluids were selected to provide surrogate soil‐related effects such as relaxation occurring both within and outside of the effective measurement frequency range of common sensors. Test conditions included dielectrically relaxing (R) and nonrelaxing (NR) as well as electrically conducting (C) and nonconducting (NC) liquids and combinations thereof (e.g., NR‐C). No suitable combination of relaxing and conducting (R‐C) dielectric fluid was found in this study, but this remains a goal of future work because it represents a difficult and often common condition for EM sensor measurements in soils containing contributors to relaxation (e.g., clays, organic matter). Standards are based on fluids of known (based on Cole–Cole parameters) or measurable (using a network analyzer) frequency dependent permittivity that provide a reproducible homogeneous system for immersion of EM sensors. The methodology described here was applied using seven different EM sensing systems, and results are given in a companion paper.
Fertility desire and associated factors among women of reproductive age living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral therapy clinic in Arba Minch General Hospital, South Ethiopia, 2021

Background The fertility desire of women living with HIV to have children can have significant implications for public health. Despite the increase in the number of HIV-positive women, the issues of their fertility desire have not been well-studied. This study aims to assess fertility desire and associated factors among women living with HIV/AIDS. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 May to 30 July 2021. The researchers employed a systematic sampling technique. The data were gathered and entered into EpiData 3.1 software, and subsequently exported to the statistical package for social science version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors involved, and a p-value of <0.05 at a 95% confidence level was deemed to be statistically significant. Result The findings of this study indicate that 47.8% of women expressed a desire to conceive. Various factors such as parents’ pressure [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.15–9.05], community pressure (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.30–5.26), being married (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09–0.73), having only female offspring (AOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.12–5.90), and having HIV seropositive children (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.23–4.85) had statistically significant association with fertility desire. Conclusion The study area exhibited a high level of fertility desire. Various factors can influence fertility desire, including parents’ pressure, community pressure, being married, having only female offspring, and having children who are HIV seropositive. When developing interventions on sexual and reproductive health issues, it is imperative for policymakers and healthcare providers who are working in antiretroviral therapy clinics to take into account the effects of these factors on women living with HIV. When designing and implementing prevention of mother-to-child transmission services, it is important to consider the fertility desires of mothers who are living with HIV.
In silico and in vitro testing Ascorbic Acid Protects Nicotine-Treated Human Erythrocytes

Objectives: Nicotine is a naturally occurring drug that is highly addictive and is commonly found in tobacco products. Tobacco products are one of the leading causes of lung and oral cancer worldwide. Because blood is the primary organ in contact with nicotine, our goal in this study was to confirm its effect on blood. We also investigated the protective role of ascorbic acid on nicotine toxicity. Methods: Various blood toxicity studies were carried out using in-vitro and in-silico methods. Nicotine-induced haematological perturbation resulted in haemolysis, decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and decreased total antioxidant capacity in erythrocytes. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that nicotine has a negative effect on red blood cells in the lysis assay and causes clots to form in nicotine-treated samples in the blood clotting analysis. Furthermore, the in-Silico method validated the in-vitro results. According to our findings, ascorbic acid has blood-protective properties. Ascorbic acid was discovered to increase SOD, catalase, and total antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid also reduced the damage caused by nicotine to RBCs in the lysis assay and demonstrated a high level of protection against the formation of clots when the samples were treated with nicotine. The findings suggest that ascorbic acid, an antioxidant, can protect against nicotine-induced haematological damage.
Indonesian Muslim Students' Perception on the Concept of Peace, Characteristics of Peaceful People, and Non-Peaceful Experiences in Madrasah Aliyah

Peace education holds a crucial position within UNESCO’s four pillars of education. Promoting peace was identified as primary focus in the Sustainable Development Goals (SGD). Peace serves as the ultimate objective of education, the agenda set forth by the Sustainable Development Goals (SGD), and is the core principal taught by religious teachings. Despite its significance, achieving complete peace remains elusive within the realms of schools, communities, and world at large. To date, no study has been conducted to investigate the understanding of peace among Muslim students in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to explore the concept of peace, the characteristics of peaceful people, and non-peaceful experiences in schools encountered by students. This study employed a qualitative research approach, utilizing phenomenological method. A total of 28 students, (13 males and 15 females) were selected from Madrasah Aliyah as participants of this study. The data in this study was collected through structured interviews and analyzed qualitatively, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The findings of this study revealed that students' understanding of peace included elements of self-acceptance, maintaining harmonious relationships with others, and experiencing tranquility. Muslim students acknowledge that maintaining peace requires the individuals to practice the art of patience and composure, self-acceptance and understanding, and the ability to control their emotions. Non-peaceful experiences emerged as a result of various factors, such as favouritism and punitive actions towards students by teachers, including conflicts among students, and as well as instances of bullying, racism, and exclusion. According to the findings, it is evident that there is a need for further improvement in implementing a peaceful environment within schools. Teachers play a vital role in fostering the culture of peace in the classrooms. They can achieve this by creating a welcoming and inclusive environment for students, encouraging their active participation, and facilitating social engagement among students from diverse backgrounds to promote a peaceful school environment.