Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of the AI attitude scale (AIAS-4): a brief measure of general attitude toward artificial intelligence

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated an increasing demand for tools that can assess public attitudes toward AI. This study proposes the development and the validation of the AI Attitude Scale (AIAS), a concise self-report instrument designed to evaluate public perceptions of AI technology. The first version of the AIAS that the present manuscript proposes comprises five items, including one reverse-scored item, which aims to gauge individuals’ beliefs about AI’s influence on their lives, careers, and humanity overall. The scale is designed to capture attitudes toward AI, focusing on the perceived utility and potential impact of technology on society and humanity. The psychometric properties of the scale were investigated using diverse samples in two separate studies. An exploratory factor analysis was initially conducted on a preliminary 5-item version of the scale. Such exploratory validation study revealed the need to divide the scale into two factors. While the results demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency for the overall scale and its correlation with related psychometric measures, separate analyses for each factor showed robust internal consistency for Factor 1 but insufficient internal consistency for Factor 2. As a result, a second version of the scale is developed and validated, omitting the item that displayed weak correlation with the remaining items in the questionnaire. The refined final 1-factor, 4-item AIAS demonstrated superior overall internal consistency compared to the initial 5-item scale and the proposed factors. Further confirmatory factor analyses, performed on a different sample of participants, confirmed that the 1-factor model (4-items) of the AIAS exhibited an adequate fit to the data, providing additional evidence for the scale’s structural validity and generalizability across diverse populations. In conclusion, the analyses reported in this article suggest that the developed and validated 4-items AIAS can be a valuable instrument for researchers and professionals working on AI development who seek to understand and study users’ general attitudes toward AI.
Conflict Management Strategies and the Digitalization of Family Firms: The Moderating Role of Generational Ownership Dispersion

—Family business research indicates that digital trans-formationmayleadtosubstantialconﬂicts. However,littleisknown abouthowconﬂictmanagementstrategiesaddresssuchconﬂicts. Wethusmobilizeconﬂicttheoryandempiricallyexaminetheim- pactofthesestrategiesontheleveloffamilybusinessdigitalizationandwhethersuchstrategiesarecontingentonthenumberofown-ershipgenerationsinvolved.Todoso,wedrawonacombinationofasurveyof85Germanfamilyﬁrmsandin-depthinterviews with13familybusinessactors.Ourquantitativeresultsindicatethatselectedstrategiescanhelpreachhigherlevelsofdigitaliza-tion,buttheireffectsarecontingentongenerationalownershipdispersion.Additionally,ourqualitativeinsightssuggestthat,in caseofmultipleactiveownershipgenerations,seniorfamilygen-erationsfeellessresponsiblefordigitalizationandpassitontothe youngergeneration.However,whereownershipisconcentratedinonegeneration,collaborationstrategiesseemcrucialtoprevent digitalization-relatedconﬂicts.
Analysis framework for systematically studying ionospheric response to impulsive events from below

Impulsive phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere produce acoustic and gravity waves which perturb the ionosphere. Such perturbations are often measured using total electron content fluctuations (TEC), derived from ground‐based Global Positioning System data. Using TEC data from the Japanese GEONET ground network after the Tōhoku earthquake on 11 March 2011, we demonstrate capabilities of a new framework of methodologies for analyzing ionospheric perturbations. The framework consists of several new techniques: calculating velocity along a single direction to reduce error due to anisotropic propagation, producing normalized bidirectional band‐pass spectra that preserve relative timing between various frequencies and allowing a more systematic determination of broadband pulses, and utilizing a wavelet‐based technique that considers instantaneous wave phase changes, rather than best fit time differences, to evaluate wave characteristics (speed, direction, and wavelength) within spectral ranges of interest. Using these techniques together decreases subjectivity and reduces errors in attributing fluctuations to given sources. In validating this framework using the Tōhoku case, we consistently identify three kinds of waves: a broad‐band pulse (speed: >2000 m/s, max range: >1400 km) arriving in the ionosphere 10–15 min after the quake, acoustic waves following the pulse (period: 3–5 min, speed: 700–1000 m/s, max range: <500 km), and gravity waves (period: 10–15 min, speed: 150–500 m/s, max range: >1400 km) propagating away from the epicenter, consistent with theory and demonstrated in previous studies. This framework also can be applied to other impulsive events in the atmosphere that are more difficult to detect and attribute to sources.
Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Rapidly Invades Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via Nostril–Olfactory System–Brain Axis, Gill, and Skin on Head

Type II grass carp reovirus (GCRV-II) with high pathogenicity and infectivity causes severe hemorrhagic disease, which leads to extensive death in the grass carp and black carp aquaculture. However, the early invasion portal remains unclear. In this study, we explored the invasion portal, time, and pathway of GCRV-II by immersion infection in grass carp. Through the detection of the infected grass carp external body surface tissues, most of them could be detected to carry GCRV-II within 45 min except for the skin covered by scales. Further shortening the duration of infection, we proved that GCRV-II rapidly invades through the nostril (especially), gill, and skin on head at only 5 min post-immersion, rather than merely by adhesion. Subsequently, visual localization investigations of GCRV-II were conducted on the nostril, olfactory system (olfactory bulb and olfactory tract), and brain via immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We found that few viruses were located in the nostril at 5 min post-immersion infection, while a significantly increased quantity of viruses were distributed in all of the examined tissues at 45 min. Furthermore, the semi-qRT-PCR and Western blotting results of different infection times confirmed that GCRV-II invades grass carp via the nostril–olfactory system–brain axis and then viral replication unfolds. These results revealed the infection mechanism of GCRV-II in terms of the invasion portal, time, and pathway in grass carp. This study aims to understand the invasion mode of GCRV-II in grass carp, thus providing theoretical support for the prevention and control strategies of hemorrhagic disease.
Deep Learning-Based Self-Admitted Technical Debt Detection Empirical Research

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is a workaround for current gains and subsequent software quality in software comments. Some studies have been conducted using NLP-based techniques or CNN-based classifiers. However, there exists a class imbalance problem in different software projects since the software code comments with SATD features are significantly less than those without Non-SATD. Therefore, to design a classification model with the ability of dealing with this class imbalance problem is necessary for SATD detection. We propose an improved loss function based on information entropy. Our proposed function is studied in a variety of application scenarios. Empirical research on 10 JAVA software projects is conducted to show the competitiveness of our new approach. We find our proposed approach can perform significantly better than state-of-the-art baselines.
Housing, Household Debt, and the Business Cycle: An Application to China and Korea

A rise in household debt in the medium run produces a boom-bust pattern in economic activity, and the subsequent downturn after a large rise in household debt can be especially painful (e.g., Mian, Sufi and Verner (2017), Mian and Sufi (2018), Mian, Sufi and Verner (2020)). The original research showing this pattern focused on advanced economies from 1967 to 2012; however, subsequent research has shown the robustness of this pattern when expanding the sample to include a larger set of economies including emerging markets (Mian, Sufi and Verner (2018)). Furthermore, the severe recession in Brazil from 2014 to 2016 was also preceded by a large rise in household debt, and it followed many of the patterns shown in the earlier research (Garber, Mian, Ponticelli and Sufi (2019); Garber, Mian, Ponticelli and Sufi (2022)). Collectively, the boom-bust pattern associated with a rise in household debt has been referred to by Mian and Sufi (2018) as the “credit driven household demand channel. ” Globally, the two countries with the largest rise in the household debt to GDP ratio over the last seven years are China and South Korea, which are the largest and fourth largest economies of Asia. Both are currently experiencing a housing market correction and slowdown in growth, which has spurred questions of the impact of the housing market troubles on broader economic activity. A significant economic slowdown in these two countries could have substantial impact on the Asian economy and on the world economy.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 predicts decompensation and long-term prognosis in patients with compensated cirrhosis

Aim Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is primarily produced in hepatocytes and is associated with liver functional reserve, plays a crucial role in the pathological condition of cirrhosis. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of serum IGF-1 levels for predicting the long-term prognosis and decompensation development in patients with cirrhosis. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 148 patients with cirrhosis and divided them into three groups according to baseline IGF-1 levels: low (L)-, intermediate (I)-, and high (H)-IGF-1 groups. The cumulative survival rates were compared among these groups in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, respectively. Significant and independent factors associated with mortality and decompensation development were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results The median observation period was 57.1 (41.7–63.2) months. Thirty (20.3%) patients died of liver disease-related events and 21 (22.3%) patients with compensated cirrhosis developed decompensation. Multivariate analysis identified low serum IGF-1 levels as a significant and independent factor associated with mortality (all patients: hazard ratio [HR], 0.967; p = 0.004; patients with compensated cirrhosis: HR, 0.927; p = 0.002). The cumulative survival rates were significantly lower in the L-IGF-1 group than in the H-IGF-1 and I-IGF-1 groups (all patients: p < 0.001 and = 0.009; patients with compensated cirrhosis: p = 0.012 and 0.003, respectively). However, in decompensated cirrhosis, the cumulative survival rates demonstrated no significant differences among the three groups. The cumulative decompensation incidence rates were significantly higher in the L-IGF-1 group than in the H-IGF-1 and I-IGF-1 groups (p < 0.001 and = 0.009, respectively). Low serum IGF-1 levels were significantly and independently associated with decompensation development (HR, 0.939; p < 0.001). Conclusion Low serum IGF-1 levels were significantly and independently associated with decompensation development and poor long-term prognosis in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Therefore, IGF-1 may be useful for predicting decompensation-related events and should be regularly monitored in the management of compensated phase.
On sharp solutions to majorization and Fekete-Szegő problems for starlike functions

This paper is concerned with sharp solutions to majorization and Fekete-Szeg˝o problems for several relatively new normalized subfamilies of starlike functions. Regarding starlike functions which are subordinated to Sine and Cosine functions, a number of new results are established. The results provide improvements to some recent results. As applications, some interesting deductions are also listed. The ﬁndings of this study are thoroughly supported by examples wherever necessary.
CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistance in Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Translational Research, Clinical Trials, and Future Directions

The emergence of CDK4/6 inhibitors, such as palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, has revolutionized the treatment landscape for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. These agents have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in terms of both progression-free survival and overall survival. However, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors remains a challenge, limiting their long-term efficacy. Understanding the complex mechanisms driving resistance is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and the improvement of patient outcomes. Translational research efforts, such as preclinical models and biomarker studies, offer valuable insight into resistance mechanisms and may guide the identification of novel combination therapies. This review paper aims to outline the reported mechanisms underlying CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance, drawing insights from both clinical data and translational research in order to help direct the future of treatment for hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer.
X-ray ghost tomography: denoising, dose fractionation and mask considerations

Ghost imaging has recently been successfully achieved in the X-ray regime; due to the penetrating power of X-rays this immediately opens up the possibility of X-ray ghost tomography. No research into this topic currently exists in the literature. Here we present adaptations of conventional tomography techniques to this new ghost imaging scheme. Several numerical implementations for tomography through X-ray ghost imaging are considered. Specific attention is paid to schemes for denoising of the resulting tomographic reconstruction, issues related to dose fractionation, and considerations regarding the ensemble of illuminating masks used for ghost imaging. Each theme is explored through a series of numerical simulations, and several suggestions offered for practical realisations of X-ray ghost tomography.
A new generalized Laplace transform and its applications to fractional Bagley-Torvik and fractional harmonic vibration problems

In this paper, a new generalized Laplace transform is deﬁned and its certain properties are given. By using the new transform, the solutions of fractional Bagley-Torvik and fractional harmonic vibration problems are obtained, as application. Also transformations of some elementary functions and the relationships between the new transform with other generalized Laplace transforms are given in separate tables.
Assessment of knowledge and practice of Baghdadi pediatricians regarding the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Background: Management of hyperbilirubinemia remains a challenge for neonatal medicine because of the risk for serious neurological complications related to the toxicity of bilirubin.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of a sample of Baghdadi pediatricians regarding the risk factors, management of hyperbilirubinemia.Subjects and Methods: This survey study was conducted from 1st of March 2011 to 31st December 2011, 10 questions questionnaire was handled to a random sample of 100 Arab and Iraqi board certified pediatricians in Baghdad who is working in governmental hospitals and/or in private sector. These questions include various aspects of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia management.Results: Thirty four percent of pediatricians had 5-10 years of practice since completion of residency, 54% of pediatricians serve about 50 -100 neonates / year (P < 0.001), 60% of physicians manage <10 cases of kernicterus / year (p < 0.001), 86.9% of pediatricians thought that severe hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus should be in the first place a concern of Primary Health Centers(PHC) (P < 0.001), 58% of pediatricians thought that phototherapy should be started when the Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) level in the first 24 hours of life is 5-10 mg/dl, 63% of pediatricians agreed that TSB of 15 mg/dl need phototherapy, while 17% considered a TSB >15 mg/dl need phototherapy (P= 0.0001), 56% of pediatricians regarded a TSB level of 20 mg/dl in 25-48 hours of life need exchange transfusion if phototherapy failed ( P=0.000), 76% believed “to a very high degree” that jaundice presenting in the first 24 hours is a significant risk factor for the development of hyperbilirubinemia in term infants, 44% believed that the post-discharge TSB follow up is vital to lower the incidence of neurologic complication, while 56% thought it would not affect the prognosis (P = 0.12). Conclusions: Most Baghdadi pediatricians devitalize the post- discharge follow up of TSB and underestimate its role in decreasing the incidence of undiagnosed neonatal jaundice, and they thought that severe hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus should be in the first place a concern of PHCs.
Family Role, Experiences Exposure, and Entrepreneurial Judgment Skills Toward Start-Up Entrepreneurs’ Productivity

This study aims to analyze and explain the empirical influences of role of family, experiences exposure, and entrepreneurial judgment skills, eachly toward entrepreneurs’ productivity. This study applies descriptive research design, quanitatively obtained, and analyzed statistically. The data are collected from 40 individuals, entrepreneurs who establish or manage start-up in Indonesia, as sample. Technique used to select the sample is by non-probability sampling, where the instrument used to evaluate four variable is questionnaire through Google-form, to collect data. Respondent’s feedbacks are then assessed through SmartPLS 3.0 software. Three independent variables simultaneously able to influence dependent variable moderately. In hypotheses testing, role of family positively and insignificantly influences entrepreneurs’ productivity, while experiences exposure, entrepreneurial judgment skills positively and significantly influence entrepreneurs’ productivity.
TOXOPLASMA GONDII EXPOSURE IN FELINES: AN ALARMING FACTOR TO PUBLIC HEALTH FROM MINEIROS, GOIÁS

Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate protozoan that affects endothermic animals, including man. Being a zoonosis that can cause abortions, fetal malformations and blindness. Cats are the definitive hosts, acting as a source of dissemination. In order to collect epidemiological data on the distribution of T. gondii in Mineiros, Goiás, samples of domestic cats were analyzed to verify the circulation of the protozoan and reinforce preventive measures. Ninety-four samples of domestic cats, regardless of gender, age and breed, were randomly processed in the neighborhoods of Mineiros, Goiás. They were submitted to the indirect fluorescent antibody test for antibodies against T. gondii, using tachyzoites as antigens and anti-cat IgG conjugate (1:16 were positive). Of the 94 samples analyzed, 35 (37.2%) were reagents, of which four had a titration of 1:16, ten of 1:32, eleven of 1:64, eight of 1:128 and two of 1:256. All cats were semi-domiciled, but lifestyle and diet were not assessed. T. gondii infection is rarely symptomatic and the severity depends on the pathophysiological state. Brazil has high prevalence rates and requires effective care in the management of cats. In Mineiros, 29 reports of infected pregnant women were identified. Although infection in humans occurs primarily through consumption of undercooked meat, ingestion of oocysts in feces of cats is a possibility. Therefore, state public health institutions and veterinarians should promote health education, highlighting food hygiene. Since, when symptomatic, the disease presents severe clinical conditions and, in some cases, irreversible.
Factors Influencing Stock Prices with Inflation as Moderating Variable

The purpose of this research is for specifying the impact of profitability ratio also solvency ratio on stock prices in manufacturing businesses registered under Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020 with inflation as moderating variable. The analysis used a method named, purposive sampling for the sample selection, and it was found that there were 72 samples of companies that could be used in the study. The data is processed with the help of the Microsoft Excel 2019 and EViews version 12 application program. The outcome from this research shows profitability ratio with the Return on Assets proxy, solvency ratio with the Debt-to-Equity Ratio proxy, and inflation have a positive also significant impact on the stock prices. Meanwhile, profitability ratio with Return on Equity proxy showed a negative as well as significant impact on the stock prices. Moreover, inflation is known to moderate the effect of profitability ratio for the Return on Assets proxy, profitability ratio for the Return on Equity proxy, and solvency ratio with Debt-to-Equity Ratio proxy to the stock prices.
Tilt-Prioritized Quadrocopter Attitude Control

This paper presents an attitude tracking control law and control allocation strategy for quadrocopters which prioritizes the vehicle’s ability to achieve a desired translational acceleration. The quadrocopter’s attitude error is split into a reduced attitude error, which describes the misalignment of the thrust direction, and a yaw error, which describes the orientation error about the thrust direction. A model-based proportional–derivative control law is derived, where the proportional action is in terms of the reduced attitude and yaw errors, and the derivative action is in terms of the quadrocopter’s angular velocity error. Almost global asymptotic convergence of the reduced attitude error is established, and the convergence of the yaw error is proven. It is further shown that the attitude control law decouples the reduced attitude error dynamics from the yaw error dynamics. A control allocation strategy is derived which exploits the decoupling in order to prioritize the correction of the reduced attitude over the yaw error. The proposed control strategy is computationally lightweight and therefore well-suited to run on board quadrocopters at high rates. Experimental results demonstrate improved error recovery and position tracking performance.