Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
50–50 multivariate analysis of variance for collinear responses

Summary. Classical multivariate analysis-of-variance tests perform poorly in cases with several highly correlated responses and the tests collapse when the number of responses exceeds the number of observations. This paper presents a new method which handles this problem. The dimensionality of the data is reduced by using principal component decompositions and the final tests are still based on the classical test statistics and their distributions. The methodology is illustrated with an example from the production of sausages with responses from near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy. A closely related method for testing relationships in uniresponse regression with collinear explanatory variables is also presented. The new test, which is called the 50–50 F-test, uses the first k components to calculate SS MODEL. The next d components are not involved in SS ERROR and they are called buffer components.
Multiple correlation between auroral and magnetic pulsations: 2. Determination of electric currents and electric fields around a pulsating auroral patch

The multiple correlation method has been applied to the study of concurrent auroral and magnetic pulsations on the basis of videotapes of all-sky television camera auroral records and induction magnetometer records. The results are (1) the ground magnetic pulsations below pulsating auroras are well represented by a regression model where the magnetic change is expressed as a linear combination of auroral luminosity fluctuations at various parts of the sky, (2) the magnetic variation observed at a single station can be broken down into the magnetic contributions from various auroral patches, and subsequently, (3) the magnetic deflections at various ground points below a pulsating auroral form can be estimated even when many pulsating patches appear at the same time. It is also shown that (4) the horizontal magnetic deflections deduced from observations by use of this technique are fully explained by the combination of ionospheric and field-aligned electric currents which are theoretically expected to be induced in and near a local enhancement of conductivity under the existence of a uniform, ambient electric field. This study thus gives a definite proof that the ground magnetic pulsation which occurs concurrently with auroral pulsations in the auroral oval is the result of successive growth and decay processes of the localized electric currents in and in the vicinity of pulsating auroral forms, which are caused by a conductivity pulsation due to the pulsating precipitation of auroral electrons in conjunction with the convection electric field. The model calculation also predicts the distribution pattern and intensity of the fluctuating electric fields below pulsating auroral patches.
Silicon nitride waveguide with flattened chromatic dispersion

Dispersion engineering in integrated silicon nitride waveguides is numerically and experimentally investigated. We show that by modifying the transversal dimensions of the silicon nitride core, it is possible to have a good control of the chromatic dispersion. The inaccuracies due to typical fabrication process in PECD-SiXNY films shows that the dispersion uncertainty is in the order of 20 ps/nm-km at 1550 nm. Silicon nitride waveguides were then fabricated using the same PECVD process and the chromatic dispersion was measured using a low-coherence frequency domain interferometry technique. A comparison between measurements and simulations shows good agreement.
Existence of stationary, collisionless plasmas in bounded domains

We consider a collisionless plasma, which consists of electrons and positively charged ions and is confined to a bounded domain in ℝ3. The distribution functions of the particles are assumed to satisfy specular reflections on the boundary of the domain and the boundary is assumed to be perfectly conducting. We establish the existence of stationary plasmas in the non-relativistic, electrostatic case described by the Vlasov–Poisson system as well as in the relativistic, electrodynamic case described by the relativistic Vlasov–Maxwell system.
The influence of fluid viscosity, interfacial tension, and flow velocity on residual oil saturation left by waterflood

Results of short-core flow tests are presented for six different sandstones and one limestone to show the influence of interfacial tension, fluid viscosity, and flow velocity on waterflood S/sub or/. To make certain that oil trapping occurred in the presence of the test flood water, the floods were initiated at saturations at which the oil phase was continuous and in contact with the test flood water as the connate water. It was found for strongly water-wet cores (cos theta is approximately equal to 1) that S/sub or/ could be described in terms of the Moore and Slobod dimensionless group expanded to include viscosity effects: ((.nu mu./sub w/)/(sigma/sub o/-w))((.mu./sub w/)/(.mu./sub o/))/sup 0.4/. Normal waterfloods are described by values of the group less than or equal to 10/sup -6/. To reduce S/sub or/, flood-water properties or test conditions had to be modified to increase the value of the group by 100 to 1,000 times. These increases in the dimnsionless group were obtained primarily with increases in flow velocity and water viscosity, although interfacial tensions as low as 1.5 dynes/cm were used in some floods. Assuming that this dimensionless group will hold for other combinations of the variables, we can estimate reductions inmore » residual oil saturation that can be achieved for selected values of these variables. « less
SEMI‐DEFINITENESS OF FUNCTIONAL MATRICES AND APPLICATION IN THE ANALYSIS OF SINGULAR RC CIRCUITS

A simple algebraic test applied to a specially constructed constant matrix is developed to test the semi‐definiteness property of symmetric functional matrices. The simplicity of the algebraic test makes it very suitable for computer implementation. The results are applied in the analysis of a class of nonlinear time‐varying singular RC networks. Robustness of the boundedness property of network response with respect to resistive elements is shown.
Tunable dual-wavelength actively Q-switched Er/Yb double-clad fiber laser

We demonstrate experimentally a dual-wavelength tunable actively Q-switched fiber laser using 3 m of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fiber as the gain medium. For wavelength tuning we used a tunable Hi-Bi FBG having two reflection wavelengths separated by 0.4 nm. The laser emits a dual-wavelength signal that is tunable in a range of 11.8 nm. Laser operation can be switched between single and double wavelength emission. The laser operates at repetition rates from 30 to 110 kHz with pulse durations of 280 ns and pulse energies near 0.5 μJ.
Approximation in optimal control of diffusion processes

This paper concerns dynamic optimisation for systems governed by Ito stochastic differential equations for which the pathwise uniqueness property holds. We study the relaxed control problem which is a generalization of the original problem where admissible controls are measure valued processes. In order for the relaxed problem to be truly an extension of the original one, the value functions for the two problems must be the same. For this purpose, we show under very general conditions on the coefficients that every relaxed diffusion is a strong limit of a sequence of diffusions associated with ordinary controls. As a consequence, it is proved that the value functions of both relaxed and original problems are equal.
Propagation Characteristics of Auroral Hiss Observed by Akebono Satellite.

V-shaped hiss and saucer emission observed by the Akebono satellite in the auroral region in the altitude range between 3, 000 km and 5, 000 km were studied on their wave normal directions using 5 components of electric and magnetic field wave data by Phillips-Tikhonov regularization method. It was found that the V-shaped hiss come down to the spacecraft and their azimuthal direction of wave normal is anti-symmetric with respect to the location of V-shaped frequency minimum. Ray tracing study is made to see how the frequency versus time characteristics and wave normal direction of the emissions should be at the satellite level. The results by ray tracing shows good agreement with the observation, under the assumption that the initial wave normal direction is circularly symmetric around the magnetic field, with the resonance cone angle.
Internal variability in a perpetual January integration of a troposphere‐stratosphere‐mesosphere GCM

A 1200-day perpetual January integration of the Berlin troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere general circulation model (GCM) has been performed with constant boundary conditions. The long-term mean climatology represents the response to the different forcing terms in the zonal-mean momentum budget: the winter stratospheric mean climatology is determined by the balance between the mean meridional circulation (m.m.c.), acting via the Coriolis force, and the Eliassen-Palm flux divergence. The winter stratospheric mean state oscillates between periods of strong wind (undisturbed conditions) and weaker winds (following minor warmings) on periods of several hundred days; this is the response to transient eddy forcing from the troposphere which has an almost-red power spectrum, with maximum power on time-scales of tens of days. As previously found in observations, there is a near cancellation between the wave- and the m.m. c. -induced forcing of the mean flow, but the acceleration is well correlated with the wave forcing. The dominant spatial modes of variability of the GCM are isolated using principal-component analysis. The dominant orthogonal modes of wind and temperature extend from the winter into the summer hemisphere. They represent structures close to thermal-wind balance, with a dipolar structure in the lower stratospheric temperature field associated with variations in the strength of the polar-night jet and weaker wind anomalies in the summer subtropics (22°S, 5 hPa). There is some evidence of long-period fluctuations in the vertical velocity in the lower tropical stratosphere associated with the high-latitude velocity variations; these are consistent with the equatorial temperature anomalies. Time-delayed point correlations with the zonal velocity at 62°N, 1 hPa reveal that the weak anticorrelation of velocity in the northern subtropics (28°N, 1 hPa), which is weak at zero-lag, increases with time to about 58% at 20-days lag. Singular-spectrum analysis of the zonal velocity at the three reference points, which isolates orthogonal modes of temporal variability, reveals that the correlations are increased when only the low-frequency velocity variations are considered
State-Space Approach to Vibration of Gold Nano-Beam Induced by Ramp Type Heating without Energy Dissipation in Femtoseconds Scale

In the nanoscale beam, the effect of the coupling between temperature and strain rate becomes domineering. In the present study, a generalized solution for the vibration of gold nano-beam resonator induced by ramp type heating is developed in the context of the Green and Naghdi model of generalized thermoelasticity. The solution takes into account the above effect. State-space and Laplace transform methods are used to determine the lateral vibration, temperature, displacement, stress and strain energy of the beam. A numerical example of gold nano-beam in femtoseconds scale has been calculated to illustrate the effect of the ramping time parameter on all the studied fields.
Chiral Nuclear Dynamics

Part 1 QCD vacuum: QCD vacuum as a magnetic medium monopoles, harons and confinement instantons and chiral symmetry. Part 2 Chiral QCD - mesons: the large Nc limit aspects of current algebra effective Lagrangians soft pion physics vector mesons - open and hidden. Part 3 Chiral QCD-baryons: Wess-Zumino-Witten term Berry phases, spin factors skyrmions Cheshire cat mechanism chiral spin systems anyons. Part 4 Chiral QCD - nuclei: nuclear forces exchange currents nuclei from skyrmions. Part 5 Chiral symmetry breaking and strangeness: piN sigma term the proton spin problem strangeness in the nucleon strange matter heavy flavour systems. Part 6 Hadronic matter under extreme conditions: hot matter RHIC dense matter neutron stars.
The absorption and emission spectra of HD in the vacuum ultraviolet

The absorption spectrum of HD has been studied under high resolution in the vacuum ultraviolet to 840 A, the emission spectrum to 1000 A. The analysis of the latter gives accurate rotational constants and vibrational intervals of the ground state right up to the dissociation limit. Comparing these experimental data with calculations from ab initio theory, agreement to the same extent as was previously found for H2 and D2 is obtained. Extrapolation of the obs. – calc. values from H2 and D2 to infinite mass yields agreement with the recently revised theoretical values to within less than 0.1 for v < 7 and less than 0.5 cm−1 for the whole range of observed v values. The deviations for finite mass (H2 and D2) are clearly due to the non-adiabatic corrections neglected in the ab initio calculations. The results for HD are not halfway between H2 and D2 but are closer to H2. This apparent anomaly can be quantitatively accounted for, on the basis of recent calculations of Wolniewicz, by the effect of additional no.
The scattered light echo of a supernova

A theoretical model of the scattering of SN radiation by a dusty circumstellar envelope is constructed and applied to observational data on SN 1979c and SN 1980k. The scattered-light curves are predicted by Monte Carlo simulation, and it is shown that the blue continuum of SN 1980k could be a scattered-light echo. The need for detailed late SN observations (especially UV observations of the type planned for the Space Telescope) is indicated.
Analysis of long wavelength electromagnetic scattering by a magnetized cold plasma prolate spheroid

Abstract Using dielectric permittivity tensor of the magnetized prolate plasma, the scattering of long wavelength electromagnetic waves from the mentioned object is studied. The resonance frequency and differential scattering cross section for the backward scattered waves are presented. Consistency between the resonance frequency in this configuration and results obtained for spherical plasma are investigated. Finally, the effective factors on obtained results such as incident wave polarization, the frequency of the incident wave, the plasma frequency and the cyclotron frequency are analyzed.
Seasonal Nitrogen Cycles on Pluto

Abstract A thermal model, developed to predict seasonal nitrogen cycles on Triton, has been modified and applied to Pluto. The model was used to calculate the partitioning of nitrogen between surface frost deposits and the atmosphere, as a function of time for various sets of input parameters. Volatile transport was confirmed to have a significant effect on Pluto's climate as nitrogen moved around on a seasonal time scale between hemispheres, and sublimed into and condensed out of the atmosphere. Pluto's high obliquity was found to have a significant effect on the distribution of frost on its surface. Conditions that would lead to permanent polar caps on Triton were found to lead to permanent zonal frost bands on Pluto. In some instances, frost sublimed from the middle of a seasonal cap outward, resulting in a “polar bald spot”. Frost which was darker than the substrate did not satisfy observables on Pluto, in contrast to our findings for Triton. Bright frost (brighter than the substrate) came closer to matching observables. Atmospheric pressure varied seasonally. The amplitudes, and to a lesser extent the phase, of the variation depended significantly on frost and substrate properties. Atmospheric pressure was found to be determined both by Pluto's distance from the sun and by the subsolar latitude. In most cases two peaks in atmospheric pressure were observed annually: a greater one associated with the sublimation of the north polar cap just as Pluto receded from perihelion, and a lesser one associated with the sublimation of the south polar cap as Pluto approached perihelion. Our model predicted frost-free dark substrate surface temperatures in the 50 to 60 K range, while frost temperatures typically ranged between 30 to 40 K. Temporal changes in frost coverage illustrated by our results, and changes in the viewing geometry of Pluto from the Earth, may be important for interpretation of ground-based measurements of Pluto's thermal emission.
Structural vibrations of buried land mines

Buried landmines exhibit complex structural vibrations, which are dependent on interaction between soil and mines as well as on their respective properties. This paper presents experimental and theoretical studies of multimodal vibrations of buried mines and discusses the effects of burial depth and soil properties on dynamics of the soil-mine system. The two-dimensional model of the soil-mine system that accounts for soil-coupled mine’s multiple vibration modes and spatial distribution of vibrations over the soil surface is introduced. The model was tested using experiments with the plastic mine simulant. The study reveals that the soil shear stiffness is one of the key governing parameters determining the resonance vibration frequency and the amplitude of the soil-mine system. Burial depth, soil moisture, and consolidation are among factors leading to the increase of the soil shear stiffness, therefore effectively influencing modal vibrations of buried mines.
The near-infrared Fe II forbidden lines of MWC 922

Spectrophotometry from 0.8-1,6 μm of the peculiar emission-line object and strong [Fe II] source MWC 922 is presented. Detections or useful upper limits are given for nine [Fe II] features between 1.25 and 1.54 μm which are used to test the accuracy of theoretically derived transition probabilities. The measured intensity ratios of all the lines were found to agree with the values predicted from the transition probabilities of Nussbaumer and Storey to within 30%. The derived electron density and temperature for the gas producing the [Fe II] emission are 10 5 cm -3 and 5000 K
A Note on the Set of Associated Primes of Local Cohomology Modules

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, a be an ideal of R and let M be a finitely generated R-module. An important problem concerning local cohomology is determining when the set of associated prime ideals of the ith local cohomology module H a(M) is finite. This problem has been studied by several authors; see for example Brodmann et al., (2000), Huneke and Sharp (1993), Lyubeznik (1993, 1997, 2000), and Marley (to appear). Also in Hellus (2001), Hellus proved some interesting results about finiteness of the set Ass(H a(R)) in the case where R is a Cohen–Macaulay local ring. In this short note we will improve the main theorem of Hellus, Theorem 6. More precisely, we prove the following theorem.
Charge transport mechanism in amorphous alumina

The charge transport mechanism in amorphous Al2O3 was examined both experimentally and theoretically. We have found that electrons are dominant charge carriers in Al2O3. A satisfactory agreement between the experimental and calculated data was obtained assuming the multiphonon ionization mechanism for deep traps in Al2O3. For the thermal and optical trap ionization energies in Al2O3, the values WT=1.5 eV and Wopt=3.0 eV were obtained.
On the generation mechanism of Pi 2 pulsations in the magnetosphere

We present a theoretical study on how Pi 2 pulsations are excited in the magnetosphere. When impulsive disturbances associated with the substorm onset are assumed at the tailward region, their propagation toward the sunward direction is investigated with a wave equation. In order to examine the effect of the plasmapause on the initial disturbances, we analytically solve the wave equation based on the model of a reasonable Alfven speed profile. The exact solution shows that virtual resonant states exist in the plasmasphere and plasmapause. We obtain the result that these unique modes strongly persist for arbitrary incoming impulses from the source in the magnetotail, which corresponds to the signature of Pi 2 pulsations.
Microhardness and Young’s modulus of diamond and diamondlike carbon films

The microhardness, H, and Young’s modulus, E, of a polycrystalline diamond film and several amorphous diamondlike carbon (DLC) films were determined from force‐displacement curves obtained using an ultralow‐load microhardness instrument (UMIS‐2000). Measurements were made at a constant loading rate of 3 mN/s, to a maximum applied force of 67 and 100 mN with contact force of 0.06 and 1.07 mN, respectively. The diamond film had a surface morphology typical of microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition films (crystallite size 0.5–3 μm), and the force‐displacement curves showed nearly complete elastic behavior. The average values of hardness (80–100 GPa) and modulus (500–533 GPa) are comparable to those of natural (001) diamond reference standards (H=56–102 GPa, E=1050 GPa). The DLC films were prepared by low‐energy ion‐assisted unbalanced magnetron sputtering. By varying the bombarding ion energy, five films were prepared having different sp3/sp2 bonding ratios (3–6), optical gaps (1.2–1.6 eV), and hydrogen .
Nonradial g-mode oscillations of warm neutron stars

We have computed adiabatic l = 1 and 2, p-, f-, and g-mode fluid oscillations of finite-temperature neutron star models. We use the ''relativistic Cowling approximation,'' defined in this paper, in which all perturbations of the gravitational potentials are neglected. This approximation is expected to be adequate for the g-modes and even gives reasonable results for the periods of p- and f-modes. For example, in agreement with previous calculations, we find the p-mode periods to be approximately Pi/sub p/approx.0. 5(M*/M/sub X/)/sup -1/2/R/sup 3/2//sub 6/ ms, where R/sub 6/ is the neutron star radius in units of 10/sup 6/ cm. For the g-modes, the periods from our numerical calculations are > or approx. =400 ms for a neutron star with T/sub 7/roughly-equal1.0 and vary roughly as the inverse of T/sub 7/, where T/sub 7/ is the core temperature in units of 10/sup 7/ K. We have also estimated the gravitational radiation damping times, tau, of the l = 2 oscillation modes. For the p- and f-modes we find, again in rough agreement with previous calculations, tauapprox. (10/sup 2/--10/sup 3/)Pi. For the fluid g-mode oscillations we have studied, however, gravitational radiation damping is exceedingly weak, with typical values of tau greatly exceeding the agemore » of the universe. These very long gravitational radiation damping times are a consequence of the much longer g-mode periods, which greatly reduce the relative power radiated, and of the concentration of the oscillatory motions to the outermost several meters of the neutron star, which reduces the effective quadrupole moment of the oscillations. Damping of neutron star g-mode oscillations will thus be dominated by other processes. The confinement of the g-mode eigenfunctions to the crust suggests that the effects of the nonzero shear modulus (which we have not included) may be quite important. « less
Finite-element analysis of linear induction machines

The paper presents a 2-dimensional finite-element analysis applicable to all practical forms of the plate-rotor, flat, linear induction motor. The analysis accounts for longitudinal end effects, finite plate thickness, slotting and discrete winding distribution; it yields detailed space profiles of the flux density and other distributions. The finite-element formulation is presented for the actual slotted model as well as the stator current-sheet representation. The problem of induction in moving media is treated by the extension of previous finite-element machine applications. The formulation results in a set of linear equations which are solved by a modified version of Liebmann's extrapolated process; the solution algorithm employs power mismatch in the machine to indicate accuracy, and nonlinear extrapolation to speed up convergence. The theory is supported by experimental findings.