Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NATURAL CONVECTION IN POROUS ENCLOSURES: THE APPLICATION OF THE TWO-ENERGY EQUATION MODEL

The present investigation is concerned with the numerical simulation of a fluid-saturated porous medium emplaced inside a square enclosure. The flow field is modeled using the generalized form of the momentum equation by accounting for the viscous effects and the inertial effects as well. In addition, the local fluid and solid temperatures were both accounted for separately by employing the two-energy equation model. The sensitivity of the Darcy number and Grashof number values on the momentum and energy transport processes are highlighted in the range of 10 -5 h Da h 10 -1 and 10 4 h Gr h 10 6 , respectively. Furthermore, Nusselt number formulation, based on the overall energy balance, was developed for the two-energy equation model. Finally, an assessment of the local thermal equilibrium condition was carried out to weigh its significance over the range of flow conditions and porous configurations considered in the analysis.
The background properties of Suzaku/XIS

Suzaku is the fifth Japanese X-ray astronomical satellite and it was launched in July 2005. The Suzaku X-ray Imaging Spectrometers (XISs) consist of four X-ray Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) cameras. Three of them are front-illuminated (FI) CCD, and the other is back-illuminated (BI) CCD. The strong points of the XIS are a high energy resolution, a large effective area, and a low and stable background. In particular, the background level of the Suzaku/XIS is much lower than the other X-ray satellites, XMM-Newton/EPIC and Chandra/ACIS. We investigated the background property of the XIS using the data obtained when the satellite is looking at the night earth, and proved the low level and the stability of the XIS background. Non X-ray background (NXB) consists of continuum component and some emission lines. The continuum component is very different between the FI-CCD and the BI-CCD. We discussed the positional dependence of the continuum component and the line components, and proved that the flux of the line components of the NXB is higher in the frame-store region than the imaging area. Finally, we investigated the effects of magnetic cut-off rigidity (COR) upon the count rate of NXB.
Tunneling from general Smith–Volterra–Cantor potential

We study the tunneling problem from the general Smith–Volterra–Cantor (SVC) potential of finite length L characterized by the scaling parameter ρ and stage G. We show that the SVC( ρ) potential of stage G is a special case of the super periodic potential (SPP) of order G. By using the SPP formalism developed by us earlier, we provide the closed form expression of the tunneling probability T G( k) with the help of the q-Pochhammer symbol. The profile of T G( k) with wave vector k is found to saturate with increasing stage G. Very sharp transmission resonances are found to occur in this system, which may find applications in the design of sharp transmission filters.
Cellular 1H MR Relaxation Times in Healthy and Cancer Three-Dimensional (3D) Breast Cell Culture

Noninvasive measurements of 1H Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) relaxation times in a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture construct are presented. Trastuzumab was used as a pharmacological component delivered to the cells in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Trastuzumab delivery by relaxation times in 3D cell cultures. The bioreactor has been designed and used for 3D cell cultures. Four bioreactors were prepared, two with normal cells and two with breast cancer cells. The relaxation times of HTB-125 and CRL 2314 cell cultures were determined. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) test was performed before MRI measurements to confirm the amount of HER2 protein in the CRL-2314 cancer cells. The results showed that the relaxation time of CRL2314 cells is lower than normal HTB-125 cells in both cases, before and after treatment. An analysis of the results showed that 3D culture studies have potential in evaluating treatment efficacy using relaxation times measurements with a field of 1.5 Tesla. The use 1H MRI relaxation times allows for the visualization of cell viability in response to treatment.
4U 1626-67 and the character of highly compact binary X-ray sources

We present the results of new observations of the 7.7 s X-ray pulsar 4U 1626--67 with SAS 3. We confirm the presence of quasi-periodic oscillations in the X-ray intensity and demonstrate that these oscillations have a preferred time scale of approx.1 x 10/sup 3/ s but are not strictly periodic. We also place stringent new upper limits on orbital motion of the X-ray star for orbital periods between 10 s and 7 hr. This evidence lends further support to a model for this source composed of a neutron star that is accreting matter from a low-mass main-sequence dwarf or degenerate dwarf companion in a highly compact binary system. If this picture is correct, it is likely that the time scale of the quasi-periodic oscillations is directly related to the orbital period. We discuss other properties of this model, which may be applicable to other galactic X-ray sources. In particular, we analyze the temporal evolution of X-ray luminosity, L/sub x/, from such a system under the assumption that the mass transfer is driven by the decay of the orbit due to gravitational radiation, and we show that high luminosities (L/sub x/> or approx. =10/sup 36/ ergs s/sup -1/) may well bemore » attained during some phases of the binary evolution. « less
Miniature UAVs and Photogrammetry—A Novel Approach to Collecting Aerial Inspection Data from Mature Broadleaf Trees

Background: Production of high-quality 3D models of trees has a practical application in arboriculture, allowing the assessment, measurement, and recording of aboveground structural features of individual trees. Commercially available hobby UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles) with integrated cameras in combination with a low-cost photogrammetry software package can produce high-definition 3D models of tree structures with low financial investment. Methods: Our study compared an established orbital flight strategy and 2 novel close-range flight strategies for collecting digital imagery to produce 3D models of features of interest (FOIs) in trees. We used 3 separate tests to establish if these different flight strategies resulted in reliable, measurable, and complete models for FOIs in mature broadleaf trees. Results: Our study substantiated the findings of previous studies, in that a well-planned, automated orbital strategy of flight can render full models of trees from which accurate measurement of dimensions can be obtained. A flight strategy involving collecting clusters of images from different angles whilst the UAV stayed in one location was trialled, and the resulting models were typically incomplete and of low quality. However, the second close-range strategy of hand-flown missions running parallel with the FOI yielded highly detailed, complete models from which observations of the FOI’s surface and accurate measurements of its dimensions could be obtained. Conclusions: We conclude that there are substantial opportunities for the use of low-cost UAVs to undertake visual tree assessments of the aerial parts of trees, subject to ease of access to the feature and the right choice of flight strategy.
Intestinal flora: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine to improve lipid metabolism disorders

Lipid metabolism disorders (LMD) can cause a series of metabolic diseases, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (AS). Its development is caused by more pathogenic factors, among which intestinal flora dysbiosis is considered to be an important pathogenic mechanism of LMD. In recent years, the research on intestinal flora has made great progress, opening up new perspectives on the occurrence and therapeutic effects of diseases. With its complex composition and wide range of targets, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used to prevent and treat LMD. This review takes intestinal flora as a target, elaborates on the scientific connotation of TCM in the treatment of LMD, updates the therapeutic thinking of LMD, and provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
The High Frequency Limit in General Relativity

A precise characterization of the high‐frequency limit in general relativity (vacuum space‐times) is presented. The averaging schemes used in earlier works are avoided by the use of weak limits, giving the characterization the advantage that the high‐frequency limit can be rigorously analyzed. Using this characterization, a theorem to the effect that a certain ‘‘effective stress‐energy’’ tensor acts as a source of curvature of the smooth background space‐time is proved. It is shown in the special case corresponding to the presence of a single wave that this tensor has the same form as the stress‐energy tensor of a null fluid. Also, the extension of this characterization of the high‐frequency limit to other fields, such as electromagnetic fields, and to nonvacuum space‐times is briefly discussed.
Mass-Loss Rates and Stellar Wind Momenta of A-Supergiants in M31: First Results from the Keck HIRES Spectrograph

High-quality Keck HIRES echelle spectra of two A-supergiants in M31, designated 41-3654 (spectral type A2 Ia-O) and 41-3712 (A3 Ia-O), at 10.2 kpc galactocentric distance are analyzed by means of NLTE unified model atmospheres to determine the properties of their stellar winds, in particular the wind momenta. We obtain mass-loss rates of 1.9 × 10-6 and 1.1 × 10-6 M☉ yr-1 for 41-3654 and 41-3712, respectively, with an accuracy of 15% from the fit of the Hα profiles. The terminal velocities are 200 ± 25 km s-1. In addition, the exponents of the wind velocity fields are determined (β = 2 and 3, respectively) and microturbulent velocities of the order of 20 km s-1 are found. The wind momenta of the two targets are in excellent agreement with the wind momentum-luminosity relation (WLR) for galactic A- and B-supergiants. We discuss the potential of the WLR for extragalactic distance determinations and conclude that it may allow independent distance moduli to be obtained with an accuracy of 10%.
Spermidine Alleviates Intrauterine Hypoxia-Induced Offspring Newborn Myocardial Mitochondrial Damage in Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Regulating Mitochondrial Quality Control

Background Intrauterine hypoxia (IUH) increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in offspring. As a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, polyamine spermidine (SPD) is essential for embryonic and fetal survival and growth. However, further studies on the SPD protection and mechanisms for IUH-induced heart damage in offspring are required. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of prenatal SPD treatment on IUH-induced heart damage in newborn offspring rats and its underlying mitochondrial-related mechanism. Methods The rat model of IUH was established by exposure to 10% O2 seven days before term. Meanwhile, for seven days, the pregnant rats were given SPD (5 mg.kg-1.d-1; ip). The one-day offspring rats were sacrificed to assess several parameters, including growth development, heart damage, cardiomyocytes proliferation, myocardial oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial function, and have mitochondrial quality control (MQC), including mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial fusion/fission. In in vitro experiments, primary cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia with or without SPD for 24 hours. Results IUH decreased body weight, heart weight, cardiac Ki67 expression, the activity of SOD, and the CAT and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels and increased the BAX/BCL2 expression, and TUNEL-positive nuclei numbers. Furthermore, IUH also caused mitochondrial structure abnormality, dysfunction, and decreased mitophagy (decreased number of mitophagosomes), declined mitochondrial biogenesis (decreased expression of SIRT-1, PGC-1α, NRF-2, and TFAM), and led to fission/fusion imbalance (increased percentage of mitochondrial fragments, increased DRP1 expression, and decreased MFN2 expression) in the myocardium. Surprisingly, SPD treatment normalized the variations in the IUH-induced parameters. Furthermore, SPD also prevented hypoxia-induced ROS accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential decay, and the mitophagy decrease in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Maternal SPD treatment caused IUH-induced heart damage in newborn offspring rats by improving the myocardial mitochondrial function via anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis, and regulating MQC.
Strategic Entropy and Complexity in Repeated Games

Abstract We introduce the entropy-based measure of uncertainty for mixed strategies of repeated games—strategic entropy. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the maxmin values of repeated two-person zero-sum games with a bound on the strategic entropy of player 1's strategies while player 2 is unrestricted, as the bound grows to infinity. We apply the results thus obtained to study the asymptotic behavior of the value of the repeated games with finite automata and bounded recall. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C73, C72.
Kerr-lens modelocking of solid-state lasers and unidirectional ring cavities

Detailed results for the project of Kerr lens modelocked lasers using ring resonators are presented, and the working conditions for unidirectional operation are outlined. Both the small and large signal regimes are explored, discussing important issues such as the modelocking threshold and saturation of the amplitude modulation mechanism, both for femtosecond and picosecond systems. Useful simple relations for laser design are derived. >
Experimental measurements of optical backscattering from surfaces of roughness comparable to the wavelength and their application to radar sea scattering

Abstract Measurements are presented which explore the polarization dependence of backscattered signals at large angles of incidence from surfaces having roughnesses comparable to or less than the scattering wavelength. In this region a transition in behaviour occurs. For the rougher surfaces the ratio of the p-polarized signal (I pp) to the s-polarized one (I ss) is unity. For the smoother ones the ratio increases dramatically. The transition arises because of a reduced rate of fall with the backscattering angle of I pp. Comparisons are made with the predictions of Rice perturbation theory and with radar sea scattering data.
Modelling film flows down a fibre

Consider the gravity-driven flow of a thin liquid film down a vertical fibre. A model of two coupled evolution equations for the local film thickness h and the local flow rate q is formulated within the framework of the long-wave and boundary-layer approximations. The model accounts for inertia and streamwise viscous diffusion. Evolution equations obtained by previous authors are recovered in the appropriate limit. Comparisons to experimental results show good agreement in both linear and nonlinear regimes. Viscous diffusion effects are found to have a stabilizing dispersive effect on the linear waves. Time-dependent computations of the spatial evolution of the film reveal a strong influence of streamwise viscous diffusion on the dynamics of the flow and the wave selection process.
A PV view of the zonal mean distribution of temperature and wind in the extratropical troposphere

Abstract The dependence of the temperature and wind distribution of the zonal mean flow in the extratropical troposphere on the gradient of potential vorticity along isentropes is examined. The extratropics here refer to the region outside the Hadley circulation. Of particular interest is whether the distribution of temperature and wind corresponding to a constant PV along isentropes resembles the observed, and the implications of PV homogenization along isentropes for the role of the tropics. With the assumption that PV is homogenized along isentropes, it is found that the temperature distribution in the extratropical troposphere may be determined by a linear, first-order partial differential equation. When the observed surface temperature distribution and tropical lapse rate are used as the boundary conditions, the solution of the equation is close to the observed temperature distribution except in the upper troposphere adjacent to the Hadley circulation, where the troposphere with no PV gradient is con.
Extended Navier-Stokes Equations and Treatments of Micro-Channel Gas Flows *

Gas flows in micro-channels are, in general, theoretically treated with the Maxwell slip velocity as a boundary condition for the convection velocity at the wall. It is pointed out that wall slip is conventionally introduced in theoretical/numerical treatments of gas flows through micro-channels to obtain agreement with experimental results. In the present paper, we provide an alternative by solving the extended Navier-Stokes equations for compressible gas flows in micro-channels using the conventional no-slip velocity boundary condition for the convection velocity. Results obtained with this approach are presented and compared with experiments. It is also shown that the theoretical treatment of micro-channel gas flows using the “extended Navier-Stokes equations” also permits the phenomena such as the Knudsen paradox, to be treated in an analytical manner. Comparison with experimental data suggests that the derived analytical solution has excellent agreement up to Knudsen number of approximately 1, which shows the validity of extended Navier-Stokes equations with the conventional no-slip velocity boundary condition up to the early transition regime of micro-channel gas flows.
Digital Leadership and Maturity as a Key to Successful Digital Transformation: Country Case Study of Croatia

Organizations are facing a disrupted environment, which results in a need for managers who can quickly respond to volatile conditions. Such conditions lead to changes in traditional leadership and the construction of new leadership recognized by contemporary literature as digital leadership (DL). The main objective of this research paper is to examine the levels of DL and digital maturity (DM) in small and medium-sized Croatian companies in the context of digital transformation (DT). The research sample included 156 companies, and the results indicated relatively high levels of DL; indeed, nearly four companies achieved the highest level of DM. The results indicated a negative correlation between the level of DL and DM. Gender was shown to have an impact on the level of DL, while it was not indicated that gender has an impact on the level of DM.
Removal of Phenol from Olive Mill Wastewater Using Activated Rice Husk

Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) contains many phenolic compounds that if discharged without proper treatment, may lead to substantial risks to human health and deterioration of the environment and aquatic systems. In this study, an attempt was made to produce activated carbon from Rice Husk (RH). The RH was chemically activated by calcium chloride and was utilized for the removal of phenol from the aqueous solution. The removal efficiency using the Activated Rice Husk (ARH) was investigated at different variables such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration, and carbonization temperature. Results showed that the optimum removal efficiency was 91.62% which was achieved at pH=6, carbonization temperature=850 ˚C, and after 4hrs contact time. Adsorption isotherm fitted well to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models while the kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model, and thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption is endothermic in nature. Then the activated rice husk sample was used for phenol removal from real OMWW samples from different locations in the city of Irbid-Jordan providing average removal efficiency reached 94.6%. The study indicates that RH and ARH have good potential to be used for phenol removal.
Globular Cluster Winds Driven by Main‐Sequence Stars

If Population II main‐sequence stars have winds similar to the solar wind, then these stars could provide a feasible mechanism for expelling red‐giant ejecta from globular clusters. For clusters having line‐of‐sight velocity dispersions less than 22 km s−1, the mass and energy output of main‐sequence star winds is found to be sufficient to establish a cluster outflow which is capable of removing all red‐giant ejecta. This mechanism provides a natural means for continuously sweeping all or most globular clusters of stellar ejecta.
Band gap engineering of SiCN film grown by pulsed laser deposition

The band gap tuning of amorphous silicon carbon nitride thin (a-SiCN) film was demonstrated in the range of 2.3–3.0 eV by pulsed laser deposition using mixed targets. a-SiCN films were grown on silicon and quartz glass substrates at room temperature in a vacuum. Targets were fabricated by compacting a mixture of silicon carbide and silicon nitride powders. The stoichiometry of the film could be varied by the mixing ratio of the target. Ternary phase SiCN films were deposited at 30– 70 wt. % SiC in a target and their band gaps were controlled by appropriate adjustment of the carbon content. These findings indicate that the growth of a-SiCN films with a mixed target and their subsequent use as optoelectronic materials is a possibility.
Weight stigma: a potential barrier to psychiatric/mental health medication care

ABSTRACT Weight stigma is pervasive in the United States, and its presence in healthcare settings can lead to an avoidance of healthcare services. This study examined whether experienced weight stigma or weight self-stigma predicted psychiatric/mental health medication visits. A total of 384 self-identified female participants completed an online survey about stigma and utilization of healthcare services. Binary logistic regression analyses indicated that having been discriminated against because of body weight, and weight self-stigma, predicted avoidance. Results suggest weight stigma may have negative implications for psychiatric/mental health medication visits. Implications for social work research, practice, and advocacy are discussed.
Chemical, biological and respirometry properties of soil under perennial crops fertilized with digestate

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thea digestate which originated fromon a widely cul - tivated perennial crop ( Miscanthus giganteus ). Cchanges in the physicochemical properties of the soil, the abundance of soil microorganisms, and soil respiration were all assessed. Three types of digestate: fresh in the liquid form, processed – dried and pyrolysed, were tested and compared with mineral fertilization and an unfertilized control. Soil samples were taken in spring 2014, summer 2015 and autumn 2016. In total, 14 variables were analysed: total carbon, hot water extractable carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, pH, bacteria, fungi, O 2 intake, CO 2 emission, total carbon mineralized after 7- and 100-day-long respiration. Overall, regardless of the form of the digestate, the chemical parameters of the soil improved, although the extent of the improvement depended on the applied form of the digestate. The highest TC 12.79, N 1.29, K 257.95 and P 149.96 g kg –1 DM were determined in the plots fertilized with biochar. All digestate forms had a positive influence on the bacte - rial DNA abundance, and biochar also affected the abundance of the fungal DNA and the potential carbon sequestration in the soil. Pyrolysed digestate may have a particular value in the fertilization of perennial industrial crops.