Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pretreatment methods and initial pH on mixed inoculum for fermentative hydrogen production from cassava wastewater

Abstract The main factors that affect the biohydrogen production from renewable resources are continually studied because their limitations are variable and depend largely on the substrate type, especially when using real wastewater. Inoculum pretreatment and pH are critical factors that govern the metabolic pathways driving the fermentative hydrogen production. In this work, the influence of inoculum pretreatment and initial pH on the fermentative production of hydrogen was investigated using cassava wastewater in anaerobic batch reactors at room temperature (29.0–34.5 °C). A mixed factorial design was performed to evaluate the effect of initial pH and inoculum pretreatment on hydrogen yield. Two pretreatment methods were evaluated (chemical and heat), and the initial pH was examined at three levels (5.7, 5.4, and 5.0). The pretreatments efficiently inhibited the activity of hydrogen-consuming bacteria for short periods. The highest biogas production, 91 ± 14 mL, was achieved with chemical pretreatment at pH 5.4, and 86 ± 12 mL of biogas was obtained with heat pretreatment at pH 5.0. Moreover, the results showed that the optimum pH interval for fermentative hydrogen production from cassava wastewater was between 5.0 and 5.4, and the highest yield of H2 was 1.25 ± 0.01 mol H2 mol−1 carbohydrates with heat pretreatment.
Imported Bancroftian Filariasis: Parasitological and Serological Responses to a 300 mg Single-dose Diethylcarbamazine and Drug Resistance Monitoring - โรคหนอนพยาธิฟิลาเรียชนิดแบนครอฟเตียนสายพันธ์นำเข้า : การตอบสนองทางปรสิตวิทยาและทางซีโรโลยีต่อยาไดเอทธิลคาร์บามาซีน ขนาด 300 มิลลิกรัม ชนิดกินครั้งเดี

One line approach of the National Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (PELF) in Thailand during fiscal years 2002-2006 that focuses on multiple-dose diethylcarbamazine (DEC) mass treatment is to large-scale control imported bancroftian filariasis to prevent introduced infection in vulnerable local population. The disease caused by the nocturnally periodic strain of Wuchereria bancrofti is common among cross-border Myanmar migrant workers. This study was aimed at evaluating drug responses (i.e., parasitological and serological) in both microfilaremics and amicrofilaremics, and to investigate resistance mutation of the W. bancrofti population in microfilaremic carriers. Of the 1,133 migrants whose blood samples were parasitologically and serologically determined, the 14 antigenemic cases including 7 microfilaremics and 7 matched amicrofilaremics were recruited. They were treated with a 300 mg single oral-dose DEC, and parasite loads (microfilaremia and/or antigenemia) were monitored at DEC-post treatment, 1, 2, and 3 months. Both groups had dramatic reduction of antigen loads in relation to time required to clear, but month 2 showed significant difference in antigen loads (p = 0.013). In microfilaremic group, reduction of microfilariae and antigen loads at individual level was independent of time required to clear infection and intensity. By W. bancrofti beta-tubulin gene-specific polymerase chain reaction, all the microfilariae isolates gave positive amplification of 607 bp amplicons which deduced amino acid sequences did not confer resistant mutations at position neither Phe 167 Tyr nor Phe 200 Tyr over a period of treatment. The principal outcomes would likely be beneficial for the PELFs implementers at the provincial level to evaluate and monitor the PELF implementation effectiveness in drug response and resistance and in particular towards short-term migrants. Key words: imported bancroftian filariasis, long-term migration, multiple-dose diethylcarbamazine, Myanmar migrants, National Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, resistant mutations, short-term migration, Wuchereria bancrofti
Work related musculoskeletal disorders among hospital nurses in rural Maharashtra, India: a multi centre survey

Nurses have one of the highest rates of MSD of any occupation. Although en number of studies were done to find out prevalence of Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among nurses across the world, there is limited information on its prevalence in Rural Maharashtra. This study investigated prevalence of WMSDs, job risk factors and the coping strategies towards reducing the risk of development of WMSDs among nurses from selected hospitals in rural Maharashtra, India. Validated questionnaires were distributed to 250 nurses working rural hospitals across Maharashtra but only 228 questionnaires were returned and 212 complete questionnaires were included for study. On Analysis we found that 89.1% nurses had experienced work-related musculoskeletal pain or discomfort at sometime in their occupational lives. WMSDs was highest in the low back (48.2%), followed by the shoulder (34.6%), neck (33.1) and knee (29 %). Other regions with less prevalence were Thoracic (10.5%), Feet and ankle (7.6%), Elbow ( 1.88%) and Hip (1.6 %). Priority was given to getting help to handle heavy patients ( 57.1 %), nursing procedure modification in order to avoid stress injury ( 50.2 %) coping strategies. Our study Concluded that high prevalence of LBP, Shoulder, neck and Knee pain over a 12-month period among nurses working in Rural hospitals in Maharashtra state , and certain risk factors like working in same position for long time, bending, twisting, lifting and treating excessive number of patients were strongly associated with WMSDs.
Inclusion of High School Learners in the Mainstream: Ecological Niche

Abstract The purpose of the study was to establish the knowledge and attitude of the student teachers in facilitating inclusive classroom. A sample of one hundred and twenty third-year B.Ed students from a university of technology participated in the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data in this study. The study found that student teachers have positive attitudes towards inclusive education. They agree that it enhances social interaction and thus minimises negative attitudes towards learners with special needs. The study also found that collaboration between mainstream and the special education teachers is important and that there should be clear guidelines on the implementation of inclusive education.More efforts are needed for teaching student teachers how to function in the multi-faced classroom with both normal learners and those with disabilities in the same class. The findings of the study have significant implications for the university lecturer, teachers, and other stakeholders who are directly and indirectly involved in implementing inclusive education.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GASTRIC HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Statement of Problem: Colonization of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in the oral cavity may increase in the presence of the periodontal disease. It has been suggested that one of the possible mechanisms of reinfection is the recolonization from dental plaque. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether periodontal disease was associated with Hp infection. Materials and Method: Sixty-five consecutive patients (34 males and 31 females) undergoing endoscopy for investigation of dyspepsia were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The mean age of the patients was 41.3±13.5 years. Periodontal examination and Rapid Urease Test (RUT) were done for all of the participants. Statistical analysis was done, using Chi-square test. Results: 53.8% of the patients had periodontal disease and 61.5% of them had gastric Hp infection. There was no statistically significant association between periodontal disease and gastric Hp infection ( p =0.455). Conclusion: This study revealed that the presence of periodontal disease in patients with gastric Hp infection could be an independent status.
A comprehensive study of motorcycle fatalities in South Delhi

Ninety four cases of motorcycle fatalities received from South Delhi were studied during April 2007 to March 2008 at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi. Data was analyzed with regard to the age and sex of the victim, pattern of injury, use of helmet and presence of alcohol in victim, cause of death, time of accident, mode of transportation of the victims to hospital, and offending vehicles. The cases represented 5.38% of all autopsy cases during the study period. In 93.6% cases victims were male as compared to female 6.4%. Commonest age group involved was 21–30 years (44.67%). Head injury, including cervical spine injuries, was the most common cause of death (74.47%). Heavy motor vehicle was the offender vehicle in maximum number of cases (34.04%). Most of the deceased on motorcycle were drivers (78.72%), out of which only 54.05% wore a helmet at the time of accident. None of the pillion riders were found wearing a helmet at the time of the incident. Only six cases (6.38%) were found positive for alcohol.
The Effect of Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) and Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) as Feed Additives on Performance of Local Sheep

Studies on green tea and turmeric utilizations as natural additives in ruminant diets are still limited. In this experiment, randomized completely design was used to compare the effects of 4 experimental diets: T0 = control diet without green tea and turmeric powders; T1 = diet with 1% turmeric powder; T2 = diet with 2% green tea powder; and T3 = diet with 1% turmeric acid and 2% green tea powders on performance of local lambs. Based on the results, adding 2% green tea or 1% turmeric powders or their combination had no a significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake (g DM/head/day) of local lambs confirming that their uses did not reduce diet’s palatability. The two herbal inclusions had also no significant effect (P>0.05) on average daily gain (ADG, g/head/day) and carcass percentage (%).
Case report Effective combination of lamivudine with ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of acute flare of chronic hepatitis B infection after discontinuation of lamivudine therapy

Lamivudine is an effective nucleoside-analogue for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. However, treatment withdrawal after 1 year has been associated with a high rate of relapse, while long-term treatment is associated with an increasing risk of drug resistance. The authors summarise the case of a 66-year old male with HBeAgnegative hepatitis B cirrhosis. With a 14-month lamivudine treatment (100 mg/day orally) only partial (biochemical) response was achieved. Serum HBV DNA sustained positive but the lamivudine treatment was stopped because it was not budgeted for. After 18 months of discontinuation of the lamivudin therapy – without any connection with the cessation of the nucleoside-analogue therapy – serious icteric flare of HBV cirrhosis occurred. Reinstitution of lamivudine completed with ursodeoxycholic acid resulted in virological and biochemical responses. In the future, a combination therapy for chronic HBV infection can be anticipated.
The effect of the sedation protocol on the level of consciousness in ventilator-dependent trauma patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit( ICU)

: Background& Objective: The ultimate goal of treatment of patients in intensive care unit is increasing their level of consciousness. The present study was conducted aimed to determine the effect of sedation protocol on level of consciousness in ventilator-dependent trauma patients who hospitalized in intensive care unit. Material & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICU) of selected hospitals in Zahedan in 2013. At first, patients were selected through purposive sampling and then randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. Patients in intervention group received the sedation protocol proposed by Society of Critical Care Medicine. Data were gathered through Richmond-Agitation Sedation Scale, behavioral pain scale and Glasgow Coma Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18 through using the independent t-tests. Results: Level of patient’s sedation was near to ideal score for Richmond in intervention group in compare with the patients in control group (-1 to +1). There was significant difference between two groups regarding the relaxation of patients (p<0.001). Also, the level of consciousness in patients has significant increase in intervention group in compare with control group (p=0.02) Conclusion: The results showed that the use of sedation protocol can increase the level of consciousness in the hospitalized patients in intensive care unit. Thus, it is recommended that this protocol was used by nurses.
marA efflux pump gene expression in Salmonella enteritidis strains treated with Artemisia tournefortiana hydroalcoholic extract and comparison with commercial efflux pump inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)

Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis is a food-borne pathogenic bacterium that has recently become resistant to most quinolone antibiotics. The MarA efflux pump plays a significant role in the development of ciprofloxacin resistance in S. Enteritidis strains. The aim of this study was comparative evaluation of anti-efflux activity of Artemisia tournefortiana extract and commercial efflux inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) on marA efflux pump gene expression in S. Enteritidis clinical strains. M aterials and Methods: In this experimental study, Artemisia tournefortiana extract was prepared using maceration method. Subsequently, MarA efflux pump was detected in 20 clinical strains of S. Enteritidis via cartwheel and PCR methods. Finally, after treatment of strains with subMIC concentration of extract and 20 µg/L and CCCP, their anti-efflux activity against MarA efflux pump was studied using Real Time PCR. R es ults: The results of cartwheel and PCR methods indicated that all of ciprofloxacin resistant strains had MarA efflux pump. Subsequently, after treatment of strains with subMIC concentration of extract and CCCP, results show that both component have the ability to inhibit the MarA efflux pump, significantly. C onclusion: Considering the results of MarA efflux inhibition by A. tournefortiana and CCCP, it seems that this plant can be used as a potential source of drug use as a suppository pump inhibitor instead of CCCP.
Endoscopic Testicular Biopsy Technique in Psittaciformes

Abstract Infertility and poor breeding performance are frequently encountered in avicultural facilities. The problems of infertility or inadequate performance may have either medical or nonmedical origins. It is not always possible to diagnose causes of infertility with the noninvasive diagnostic methods that are used routinely. Testicular biopsy can be used as a possible diagnostic tool to confirm infertility in male birds. A variety of psittacine birds (n = 39) were anesthetized and a testicular biopsy was performed endoscopically using a right or left lateral approach caudal to the femur. The technique and postoperative complications are reviewed.
Evaluation of KI-67, Apoptosis, and Hyaluronic Acid in Grading Retinoblastoma

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan with a straight-chain polymer arrangement defined as the extracellular matrix constituent. High molecular weight HA has normal physicochemical, biological, and physiological properties whereas low molecular weight has the property of angiogenesis, inflammation, and suppresses apoptosis. This study occupied the samples of 35 paraffin block from poorly and well differentiated retinoblastoma tissue and 8 normal retinal block which have been collected for 4 years from 2010-2013 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Afterwards, the paraffin blocks were immunohistochemically examined for HA staining, expression of cell proliferation (Ki-67), and cell apoptosis to determine intratumoral aggressiveness of retinoblastoma. HA on poorly differentiated retinoblastoma stain with a high immunostaining of 76.2%, while well differentiated retinoblastoma on the highest HA staining was revealed to be at moderate level of 64.3%, and not appear in normal retina. In poorly differentiated retinoblastoma, the location of most HA stain is in the cell cytoplasm (87.5%). In the well differentiated retinoblastoma, the HA immunostaning mainly occurred in the cell membrane (73.7%). Histopathological retinoblastoma grading showed a significant correlation (p <0.01) towards several variables of HA immunostaining, Ki-67, and cell apoptosis. In addition, the histopathological retinoblastoma grading also revealed a significant correlation (p <0.01) towards the location of HA staining (cell membrane and cytoplasm). Both stainings are also play role in retinoblastoma differentiation. The malignancy of retinoblastoma can be proven by the increased HA staining at cytoplasm in poorly differentiated and associated with increased of cell proliferation along with decreased apoptosis.
Diagnostic accuracy of antinuclear antibodies and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies in patients of systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with dermatological features

Objective To determine the diagnostic accuracy of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus patients presenting with dermatological features. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 82 patients diagnosed as having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) per American College of Rheumatology (revised criteria 1997) from October 2012 to October 2013 and fulfilling the study’s inclusion criteria were enrolled. These patients were first assessed by the dermatologist for four dermatological features, namely malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity and oral ulcers and were than referred to Department of Pathology for assessment of serological markers i.e. ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies. The diagnostic accuracies of serological markers were analyzed to determine which one of the two serological markers is associated with any of the four dermatological features under observation in our study. Results Out of 82 SLE patients, 77 (93.9%) patients were females and 5 (6.1 %) were males. Male to female ratio in this study was 1:15. Mean age of patients was 34.91 years and ranged between 8-62 years. Photosensitivity, malar rash, oral ulcers and discoid rash were found in 97.5%, 85.3%, 76.8% and 46.3% patients, respectively. ANA was not found to be statistically significantly associated with any of the dermatological features under observation in our study. However, anti-dsDNA antibodies were strongly associated with photosensitivity 0.024 ( p <0.05) and malar rash was 0.003 ( p <0.05). Conclusion The study proves that anti-dsDNA antibodies have high diagnostic accuracy for photosensitivity and malar rash in SLE patients and can be used alone with confidence in patients presenting with these two dermatological features, without burdening the lab with a lengthy serological evaluation.
Multi-level analysis of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp.: towards an understanding on population dynamics

A recent collection of 213 imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB) clinical isolates was characterized for the presence of acquired carbapenem-hydrolysing class D b-lactamases (CHDLs) and clonality. A population structure analysis of IRAB was also conducted, with five molecular typing methods. Three main clusters, each one associated with a specific CHDL, were observed with multilocus sequence typing. Overall, our results suggest a switch in the dominant clone, with sequence type (ST) 92, carrying blaOXA-23 (63.4%), replacing the closely related ST98, carrying blaOXA-24/40 (22%). In addition, ST103, an independent lineage, was associated with blaOXA-58-carrying isolates (14.6%).
Preconcentration of Sulfamethoxazole Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Prepared by Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 - Hemoglobin Catalyzed by Electrochemically Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Electrochemical Determination on a Screen-Printed Electrode

Abstract A novel approach was developed to prepare molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) composites on filter paper and with the subsequent determination of sulfamethoxazole in food samples. Hemoglobin was firstly encapsulated in a metal-organic framework to improve its stability and catalytic performance. This mixture was modified with an initiator and immobilized in the paper to prepare the MIP using electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization. This composite exhibited excellent adsorption capacity (60.1 mg g−1) and rapid kinetics, which were better than those of previously reported MIPs. Using the optimized conditions, this MIP composite directly extracted the sulfamethoxazole from complex food samples and was placed on the surface of a screen-printed electrode to quantify sulfamethoxazole with a detection limit of 0.7 ng mL−1. Sulfamethoxazole recoveries ranged from 99.4 to 103.7% and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by a liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method (r = 0.992). This approach may also be applied for the determination of other target molecules.
The Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves on Blood Parameters and Body Weights of Albino Rats and Rabbits

*This study is aimed at finding out the effect of Moringa oleifera on blood parameters and body weights of albino rats (n= 24) and rabbits (n= 10). The rats were divided into four groups; a control group and three experimental groups, while the rabbits were divided into two groups; a control group and an experimental one. The three experimental groups of rats were provided consecutively with100, 200 and 300 mg M. oleifera leave extract/kg of body weight daily for 21 days, while the experimental group of rabbits with 2.5 g fresh leaves of M. oleifera/Kg of body weight which was added to their feed daily for 21 days, and the control groups were fed on their diets without M. oleifera. The results showed significant differences (P 0.05) were shown in the second group (AL2). For the rabbits, the mean values of 39.30 ± 1.73, 741.80 ± 65.5 and 5.06 ± 0.54 for PCV, PLT and RBCs in the experimental group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than 33.12 ± 4.32, 344.20 ± 66.6 and 4.68 ± 0.81 for the same parameters in the control group, respectively.
Prevalence of adenoviruses 40 and 41 in children less than five years suffering from acute gastroenteritis hospitalized in Ahvaz Abuzar Hospital

Introduction and objective: Gastroenteritis, the inflammation of stomach and intestine, is caused by a variety of microorganisms including viruses. Especially adenoviruses type 40 and 41 of group F adenoviruses are two etiologies of gastroenteritis in newborns and infants of less than five years old. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ad40 and ad41 inducing gastroenteritis in children hospitalized in Ahvaz Abuzar Hospital, Iran, during October 2007-2008. Materials and methods: Fecal samples collected from the patients were tested first by an ELISA kit, specific for adenovirus detection. All samples including positive specimens by ELISA method were subjected to two rounds of PCR test. A specific pair of primers for adenoviruses 40 and 41 was applied PCR method. Results: Out of 280 fecal specimens collected from diarrheic children, 7(2.5%) were positive by ELISA test and 12 (4.3%) by PCR method. All of positive samples belonged to ad41. Conclusion: From group F of adenoviruses, adenovirus 41 is the major etiology of gastroenteritis in Ahvaz area.