Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NADPH Oxidases, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Hypertension Clinical implications and therapeutic possibilities

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence many physiological processes including host defense, hormone biosynthesis, fertilization, and cellular signaling. Increased ROS production (termed “oxidative stress”) has been implicated in various pathologies, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. A major source for vascular and renal ROS is a family of nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidases, including the prototypic Nox2 homolog-based NAD(P)H oxidase, as well as other NAD(P)H oxidases, such as Nox1 and Nox4. Other possible sources include mitochondrial electron transport enzymes, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. NAD(P)H oxidase-derived ROS plays a physiological role in the regulation of endothelial function and vascular tone and a pathophysiological role in endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, hypertrophy, apoptosis, migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and rarefaction, important processes underlying cardiovascular and renal remodeling in hypertension and diabetes. These findings have evoked considerable interest because of the possibilities that therapies against nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase to decrease ROS generation and/or strategies to increase nitric oxide (NO) availability and antioxidants may be useful in minimizing vascular injury and renal dysfunction and thereby prevent or regress target organ damage associated with hypertension and diabetes. Here we highlight current developments in the field of reactive oxygen species and cardiovascular disease, focusing specifically on the recently identified novel Nox family of NAD(P)H oxidases in hypertension. We also discuss the potential role of targeting ROS as a therapeutic possibility in the management of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
linical Utility of Autopsy after Hematopoietic tem Cell Transplantation

Autopsy is the gold standard for establishing the cause of death. We present results of the largest retrospective review of complete autopsies of subjects after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to better define the role of the autopsy in discovering a missed diagnosis. We reviewed the medical chart and autopsy records of 111 patients who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from July 1986 to June 2003 from a single center. We compared the cause of death as charted by the clinical team with data obtained from postmortem chart review and autopsy reports. Of 29 (26%) cases when the premortem and postmortem major diagnoses did not agree, only 4 (4%) autopsy records provided data that might have led to the initiation of new treatments, and none of these diagnoses would be missed today with more sensitive and specific diagnostics and improved supportive care. Although autopsies after transplantation can be important educational, research, and epidemiologic tools and provide an emotional benefit to patient’s families, in our series they rarely provided missed diagnoses that would alter the management of subsequent patients. Improvements in noninvasive tests for relapse or occult infections may further erode the role of autopsies in discovering missed diagnoses. © 2007 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
The effect of cumulative early life adversities, and their differential mediation through hair cortisol levels, on childhood growth and cognition: Three-year follow-up of a birth cohort in rural India

Background: Early adversities negatively impact children’s growth and development, putatively mediated by chronic physiological stress resulting from these adverse experiences. We aimed to estimate the associations between prospectively measured cumulative early adversities with growth and cognition outcomes in rural Indian preschool children and to explore if hair cortisol concentration (HCC), a measure of chronic physiological stress, mediated the above association. Methods: Participants were recruited from the SPRING cRCT in rural Haryana, India. Adversities experienced through pregnancy and the first year of life were measured in 1304 children at 12-months. HCC was measured at 12-months in 845 of them. Outcome measures were height-for-age-z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age-z-score (WAZ) and cognition, measured in 1124 children followed up at 3-years. Cognition was measured using a validated tablet-based gamified tool named DEEP. Results: Cumulative adversities at 12-months were inversely associated with all outcomes measures at 3-years. Each unit increase in adversity score led to a decrease of 0·08 units [95% confidence interval (CI):-0·11,-0·06] in DEEP-z-score; 0·12 units [-0·14,-0·09] in HAZ and 0·11 units [-0·13,-0·09] in WAZ. 12-month HCC was inversely associated with DEEP-z-score (-0·09 [-0·16,-0·01]) and HAZ (-0·12 [-0·20,-0·04]), but the association with WAZ was not significant (p = 0·142). HCC marginally mediated the association between cumulative adversities and HAZ (proportion mediated = 0·06, p = 0·014). No evidence of mediation was found for the cognition outcome. Conclusions: Cumulative early adversities and HCC measured at 12-months have persistent negative effects on child growth and cognition at 3-years. The association between adversities and these two child outcomes were differentially mediated by HCC, with no evidence of mediation observed for the cognitive outcome. Future studies should focus on other stress biomarkers, and alternate pathways such as the immune, inflammation and cellular ageing pathways, to unpack key mechanisms underlying the established relationship between early adversities and poor child outcomes.
INFLUENCE OF INCIDENTS ON FREEWAY QUALITY OF SERVICE

DISABLED VEHICLES IN MOVING TRAFFIC HAVE A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON FREEWAY OPERATIONS, PARTICULARLY DURING PEAK PERIODS. THIS REPORT QUANTIFIES, FOR THE GULF FREEWAY IN HOUSTON, THE IMPACT ON OPERATIONS BY RELATING FREQUENCY, DURATION, AND FLOW PASSING FREEWAY INCIDENTS. DATA WERE COLLECTED FOR WEEKDAYS ONLY DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS BY UTILIZING THE 6 1/2-MILE COVERAGE OF THE GULF FREEWAY TELEVISION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM. DURING A 2-YEAR PERIOD, 1,154 ACCIDENTS AND 1,11- STALLS IN MOVING LANES WERE OBSERVED. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE AVERAGE ACCIDENT REQUIRED 19 MIN FROM THE TIME OF REPORTING TO REMOVAL FROM TRAFFIC LANES AND AN ADDITIONAL 26 MIN FOR POLICE INVESTIGATION. STALLED VEHICLES WERE REMOVED WITHIN 18 MIN AFTER BEING REPORTED TO THE POLICE. ONE-MINUTE TRAFFIC VOLUMES WERE MEASURED FOR NORMAL CONDITIONS AND AT BOTTLENECKS CREATED BY INCIDENTS. THE STUDY SECTION HAS 3 LANES IN EACH DIRECTION OF TRAVEL WITH A NORMAL DIRECTIONAL PEAK-PERIOD FLOW OF 5,560 VEHICLES PER HOUR. IT WAS FOUND THAT INCIDENTS CREATED A REDUCTON IN FLOW DISPROPORTIONATE TO THE PHYSICAL REDUCTION IN ROADWAY WIDTH. THE AVERAGE FLOW RATE WAS 2,750 VEHICLES PER HOUR WITH 1 LANE BLOCKED BY AN ACCIDENT; 2,880, WITH 1 LANE BLOCKED BY A STALLED VEHICLE; 4,030, WITH AN ACCIDENT ON THE SHOULDER; AND 1,150, WITH 2 LANES BLOCKED BY AN ACCIDENT. DELAY FOR HYPOTHETICAL MORNING PEAK-PERIOD INCIDENTS ARE PRESENTED TO ILLUSTRATE THE MAGNITUDE OF MOTORIST DELAY. A STALLED VEHICLE CAUSED A DELAY OF 1,610 VEHICLE-HOURS, WHILE THE 1-LANE ACCIDENT AND 2-LANE ACCIDENT CAUSED DELAYS OF 2,940 AND 4,620 VEHICLE-HOURS RESPECTIVELY. /AUTHOR/
A pharmacokinetic model for evaluating the impact of hepatic and intestinal first-pass loss of saquinavir in the rat

The aim of this study was to quantify the intestinal and hepatic first-pass loss of Saquinavir and to assess the effect of coadministration of Ritonavir on this first-pass loss. Single doses of 12, 24 and 48 mg Saquinavir and a dose of 24 mg Saquinavir/6 mg Ritonavir were orally, intravenously or intraperitoneally administered to 94 rats. Ten groups of animals were studied. A semiphysiological pharmacokinetic model incorporating a population pharmacokinetic analysis (NONMEM) was developed to analyze plasma concentration-time profiles following administration via each of the three abovementioned routes. This model confirmed that a saturable metabolism in hepatocytes and enterocytes and dose-dependent precipitation in the peritoneal cavity after intraperitoneal administration characterize the pharmacokinetics of SQV. It also demonstrated that low oral bioavailability of Saquinavir is due mainly to an intestinal rather than a hepatic first-pass metabolism. In addition, it was shown that Ritonavir diminished Saquinavir clearance through competitive inhibition. The present report presents a new pharmacokinetic model applied in rats to evaluate the impact of hepatic and intestinal first pass loss on oral bioavailability.
Floating population: consumption and location choices of rural migrants in China*

This paper provides new theory and evidence on how the consumption patterns of the “floating population” of rural migrants affect the distribution of activity across Chinese cities. We first show (i) that rural migrants sort into cities were wages are high, but rents are also high, (ii) that in these cities they live in poorer housing conditions and without their children, (iii) especially so in cities with tighter registration (Hukou) requirements that make it harder for them to settle. We then develop a quantitative spatial model in which migrants partly consume in their origin location. We estimate the model and compute counterfactual migration flows when rural migrants consume all of their income in cities: we predict that they would move away from large, high wage and high rent cities.
OCTOPUS database (v.2)

Abstract. OCTOPUS v.2 is an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) compliant web-enabled database that allows users to visualise, query, and download cosmogenic radionuclide, luminescence, and radiocarbon ages and denudation rates associated with erosional landscapes, Quaternary depositional landforms, and archaeological records, along with ancillary geospatial (vector and raster) data layers. The database follows the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse) data principles and is based on open-source software deployed on the Google Cloud Platform. Data stored in the database can be accessed via a custom-built web interface and via desktop geographic information system (GIS) applications that support OGC data access protocols. OCTOPUS v.2 hosts five major data collections. CRN Denudation and ExpAge consist of published cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al measurements in modern fluvial sediment and glacial samples respectively. Both collections have a global extent; however, in addition to geospatial vector layers, CRN Denudation also incorporates raster layers, including a digital elevation model, gradient raster, flow direction and flow accumulation rasters, atmospheric pressure raster, and CRN production scaling and topographic shielding factor rasters. SahulSed consists of published optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) ages for fluvial, aeolian, and lacustrine sedimentary records across the Australian mainland and Tasmania. SahulArch consists of published OSL, TL, and radiocarbon ages for archaeological records, and FosSahul consists of published late-Quaternary records of direct and indirect non-human vertebrate (mega)fauna fossil ages that have been systematically quality rated. Supporting data are comprehensive and include bibliographic, contextual, and sample-preparation- and measurement-related information. In the case of cosmogenic radionuclide data, OCTOPUS also includes all necessary information and input files for the recalculation of denudation rates using the open-source program CAIRN. OCTOPUS v.2 and its associated data curation framework allow for valuable legacy data to be harnessed that would otherwise be lost to the research community. The database can be accessed at https://octopusdata.org (last access: 1 July 2022). The individual data collections can also be accessed via their respective digital object identifiers (DOIs) (see Table 1).
Partitioning Friends Fairly

We consider the problem of partitioning n agents in an undirected social network into k almost equal in size (differing by at most one) groups, where the utility of an agent for a group is the number of her neighbors in the group. The core and envy-freeness are two compelling axiomatic fairness guarantees in such settings. The former demands that there be no coalition of agents such that each agent in the coalition has more utility for that coalition than for her own group, while the latter demands that no agent envy another agent for the group they are in. We provide (often tight) approximations to both fairness guarantees, and many of our positive results are obtained via efficient algorithms.
Acceptance of Ride-sharing in India: Empirical Evidence from the UTAUT Model

Since the inception of the term "sharing economy," it remains in a contested realm but contributes to the incarnation of neoliberalism, especially in the developed nations. In the Indian economic scenario, this domain is still in its nascent phase, and this paper targets to investigate the adoption of ride-sharing services in India by applying the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model developed by Venkatesh et al. 2003. Adopting a surveybased research design; this quantitative research investigates the behavioral intention of the Indian customers towards ride-sharing services. A total of 287 respondents from northern India participated in the research, and Structural equation modeling (SEM) validates the conceptual framework. The study highlights the significant positive relationship between the "performance expectancy", "effort expectancy", "social influence", "facilitating conditions" and "behavioral intentions", with the "social influence" as the most influential determinant amongst all other variables.
3D Numerical Simulation of Impact Load due to Liquid Cargo Sloshing

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation based on the Marker-and-cell (MAC) method is used for the study of sloshing phenomena in marine vehicles. In order to develop a practical method to predict impact load on tank ceiling, emphasis is given to the numerical treatment of the impact boundary condition on tank ceiling. At first, two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations are conducted, and the results are compared with the corresponding experimental ones to investigate the parameters which affect the impact load simulation. The same parameters are used in the next step in 3D simulations. The influences of submerged internal structures are also analysed. The results of 3D impact load simulations and experimental data are found to be in good agreement. The comparison of the response amplitude operators of the dynamic pressure by the present numerical simulation, linear theory and the model experiment shows non-linear effect and emphasises the importance of 3D simulation for the analysis of sloshing.
LGBTQ+ Parents and Their Children

Research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) parents and their children has found that both parents and children are generally well adjusted and that they do not differ in well-being or in multiple developmental outcomes from parents and children in the general population. In general, LGBTQ+ parent families living in supportive environments, and families with more social, financial, and legal resources, show the most positive adjustment. The legal climate in the United States for LGBTQ+ people and their families has improved in recent years, but significant legal and practical difficulties remain, including greater poverty among, and pervasive stigma and discrimination toward, families headed by LGBTQ+ parents. Federal, state, and local laws are needed that reduce the likelihood of discrimination against these families, including in domains of housing, education, and parenting. In addition, support is needed for research to explore the full range of experiences among diverse LGBTQ+ parents and their children, and to develop ways to help LGBTQ+ parents and their children to thrive. of families on lesbian, bisexual) than on gender minority parents. In we provide an overview of what is about LGBTQ+ parents and their from social research. We also offer policy recommendations that, if implemented, can help these families to flourish. We focus mainly on the United States, but research on LGBTQ+ parent families conducted outside of the United ABSTRACT Research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,
DC122241 2779..2786

RESEARCHDESIGNANDMETHODSdEight hundred thirty-onemen andwomen (aged 60–75 years) attended two waves of the prospective Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study (ET2DS). At baseline, clinical and subclinical macrovascular disease was measured, including cardiovascular event history, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), ankle brachial index (ABI), and serum N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Seven neuropsychological tests were administered at baseline and after 4 years; scores were combined to a standardized general ability factor (g). Adjustment of follow-up g for baseline g assessed 4-year cognitive change. Adjustment for vocabulary (estimated premorbid ability) was used to estimate lifetime cognitive change.
Co-Ethnic Neighbors and Investment in Host-Country Language Skills

This paper investigates the effects of having co-ethnic neighbors on investments in formal host-country language acquisition and labor market outcomes exploiting a natural experiment between 2004 and 2015 when refugee immigrants were assigned to neighborhoods quasi-randomly. In our context of low shares of co-ethnic neighbors, we find strong evidence that the share of co-ethnic neighbors reduces the probability of formal host-country language courses enrolment of both men and women. In addition, language course progression is not affected by the share of co-ethnic neighbors, but it is negatively affected by both the employment rate among coethnic neighbors and the local employment rate. Further results show that the quality of the coethnic network at arrival promotes immigrant employment one to four years since arrival, irrespective of gender. Our results lend support to the theory that living in an ethnic enclave reduces the individual’s incentive to invest in host-country language acquisition because of increased chances of finding a job through the co-ethnic network.
Statistics of Visual Features in the Human Iris

John Daugman’s popular IrisCode algorithm extracts feature information using complex-valued 2D Gabor wavelets, placing equal weight on all visible regions of the iris. Although research has demonstrated that the algorithm is highly accurate [1–6], the match decisions it makes are generally not well understood by the casual observer. Comparing irides using prominent local features (e.g., iris crypts, freckles, and contraction furrows) more closely aligns with the way humans naturally perform pattern recognition. This paper presents statistical information on the distribution, distinctiveness, and per-manence of visible features in the human iris. Such information can be used to develop a robust and accurate approach to matching local features in the iris. Two feature extraction algorithms are utilized to identify local features: 1) the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), and 2) The University Notre Dame’s iris feature extractor. Preliminary results suggest matching based on local features holds promise, particularly when matching iris images acquired at visible wavelengths. Comments and recommendations may be directed to gw@nist.gov.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection of Individuals with High Titer Neutralizing Antibodies Post-3rd mRNA Vaccine Dose

Background: Vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines prevent hospitalization and severe disease caused by wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and several variants, and likely prevented infection when serum neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers were >1:160. Preventing infection limits viral replication resulting in mutation, which can lead to the emergence of additional variants. Methods: During a longitudinal study to evaluate durability of a three-dose mRNA vaccine regimen (2 primary doses and a booster) using a rapid test that semi-quantitatively measures NAbs, the Omicron variant emerged and quickly spread globally. We evaluated NAb levels measured prior to symptomatic breakthrough infection, in groups infected prior to and after the emergence of Omicron. Results: During the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant wave, 93% of breakthrough infections in our study occurred when serum NAb titers were <1:80. In contrast, after the emergence of Omicron, study participants with high NAb titers that had received booster vaccine doses became symptomatically infected. NAb titers prior to infection were >1:640 in 64% of the Omicron-infected population, >1:320 (14%), and >1:160 (21%). Discussion: These results indicate that high titers of NAbs elicited by currently available mRNA vaccines do not protect against infection with the Omicron variant, and that mild to moderate symptomatic infections did occur in a vaccinated and boosted population, although did not require hospitalization.
CFD SIMULATION OF VERTICAL SEVEN-ROD BUNDLE COOLED WITH SUPERCRITICAL FREON-12

In this paper, a seven-rod bare bundle was simulated using ANSYS Fluent 6.3. 26 to accurately predict the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviour under supercritical flow conditions. Seven turbulence models were compared to identify the appropriate model to predict the experiments performed at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering on a vertically oriented seven-rod bare bundle cooled with supercritical Freon-12. It was found that predictions of wall temperatures and heat transfer coefficients are sensitive to the choice of turbulence model as well as to the near-wall treatment. Overall, the CFD simulations were able to predict the measured sheath temperature profiles along the length of the bundle within reasonable accuracy.
The Prevalence of COVID-19 Infection in Students and Staff at a Private University in Thailand by Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Detection Assay

The COVID-19 pandemic led to the suspension of all university courses which was followed directly by the implementation of online learning in Thailand. However, online learning was not suitable for all of Thailand. Rangsit University is a famous private university in Thailand and has been affected by this crisis, so it attempted to eliminate online learning by offering vaccination and antigen rapid screening tests to the students and staff who had to attend the university from July to September 2021. 93.71% of the students and staff from Rangsit University who attended the university from July to September 2021 were vaccinated. Only 1.18% of the students and staff were infected. The vaccines used were CoronaVac and AstraZeneca at 66.02% and 33.98%, respectively. The percentage of individuals that were infected after vaccination did not differ between the two vaccines. The percentage of people infected was 0.31% for CoronaVac and 0.29% for AstraZeneca. Other important factors that influenced the infection rate were the initial symptoms and the environment. Individuals who had initial symptoms and had visited areas with high-risk factors had a high possibility of becoming infected. This research is intended to be useful for risk management during the COVID-19 crisis.