Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher mortality rates amongst emergency patients admitted to hospital at weekends reflect a lower probability of admission

Objective Patients admitted as emergencies to hospitals at the weekend have higher death rates than patients admitted on weekdays. This may be because the restricted service availability at weekends leads to selection of patients with greater average severity of illness. We examined volumes and rates of hospital admissions and deaths across the week for patients presenting to emergency services through two routes: (a) hospital Accident and Emergency departments, which are open throughout the week; and (b) services in the community, for which availability is more restricted at weekends. Method Retrospective observational study of all 140 non-specialist acute hospital Trusts in England analyzing 12,670,788 Accident and Emergency attendances and 4,656,586 emergency admissions (940,859 direct admissions from primary care and 3,715,727 admissions through Accident and Emergency) between April 2013 and February 2014.Emergency attendances and admissions to hospital and deaths in any hospital within 30 days of attendance or admission were compared for weekdays and weekends. Results Similar numbers of patients attended Accident and Emergency on weekends and weekdays. There were similar numbers of deaths amongst patients attending Accident and Emergency on weekend days compared with weekdays (378.0 vs. 388.3). Attending Accident and Emergency at the weekend was not associated with a significantly higher probability of death (risk-adjusted OR: 1.010). Proportionately fewer patients who attended Accident and Emergency at weekend were admitted to hospital (27.5% vs. 30.0%) and it is only amongst the subset of patients attending Accident and Emergency who were selected for admission to hospital that the probability of dying was significantly higher at the weekend (risk-adjusted OR: 1.054). The average volume of direct admissions from services in the community was 61% lower on weekend days compared to weekdays (1317 vs. 3404). There were fewer deaths following direct admission on weekend days than weekdays (35.9 vs. 80.8). The mortality rate was significantly higher at weekends amongst direct admissions (risk-adjusted OR: 1.212) due to the proportionately greater reduction in admissions relative to deaths. Conclusions There are fewer deaths following hospital admission at weekends. Higher mortality rates at weekends are found only amongst the subset of patients who are admitted. The reduced availability of primary care services and the higher Accident and Emergency admission threshold at weekends mean fewer and sicker patients are admitted at weekends than during the week. Extending services in hospitals and in the community at weekends may increase the number of emergency admissions and therefore lower mortality, but may not reduce the absolute number of deaths.
Remaking London: Decline and Regeneration in Urban Culture

Between the slum clearances of the early twentieth century and debates about the post-Olympic city, the drive to 'regenerate' London has intensified. Yet today, with a focus on increasing land values, regeneration schemes purporting to foster diverse and creative new neighbourhoods typically displace precisely the qualities, activities and communities they claim to support. In Remaking London Ben Campkin provides a lucid and stimulating historical account of urban regeneration, exploring how decline and renewal have been imagined and realised at different scales. Focusing on present-day regeneration areas that have been key to the capital's modern identity, Campkin explores how these places have been stigmatised through identification with material degradation and spatial and social disorder. Drawing on diverse sources - including journalism, photography, cinema, theatre, architectural design, advertising and television - he illuminates how ideas of decline drive urban change. Richly illustrated and engagingly written, Remaking London is both a compelling account of contested sites from the capital's recent history and a powerful critique of the contradictions of contemporary regeneration. "An important and much-needed corrective, full of fascinating insights, which exposes the myths of regeneration" - Anna Minton, author of Ground Control: Fear and Happiness in the Twenty-First Century City
Comet/asteroid impacts and human society : an interdisciplinary approach

Anthropology, Archaeology, Geology. - The Geologic Record of Destructive Impact Events on Earth. - The Archaeology and Anthropology of Quaternary Period Cosmic Impact. - The Sky on the Ground: Celestial Objects and Events in Archaeology and Popular Culture. - Umm al Binni Structure, Southern Iraq, as a Postulated Late Holocene Meteorite Impact Crater. - Tree-Rings Indicate Global Environmental Downturns that could have been Caused by Comet Debris. - The GGE Threat: Facing and Coping with Global Geophysical Events. - Astronomy and Physical Implications. - The Asteroid Impact Hazard and Interdisciplinary Issues. - The Impact Hazard: Advanced NEO Surveys and Societal Responses. - Understanding the Near-Earth Object Population: the 2004 Perspective. - Physical Properties of NEOs and Risks of an Impact: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. - Evaluating the Risk of Impacts and the Efficiency of Risk Reduction. - Physical Effects of Comet and Asteroid Impacts: Beyond the Crater Rim. - Frequent Ozone Depletion Resulting from Impacts of Asteroids and Comets. - Tsunami as a Destructive Aftermath of Oceanic Impacts. - The Physical and Social Effects of the Kaali Meteorite Impact - a Review. - The Climatic Effects of Asteroid and Comet Impacts: Consequences for an Increasingly Interconnected Society. - Nature of the Tunguska Impactor Based on Peat Material from the Explosion Area. - The Tunguska Event. - Tunguska (1908) and Its Relevance for Comet/Asteroid Impact Statistics. - Atmospheric Megacryometeor Events versus Small Meteorite Impacts: Scientific and Human Perspective of a Potential Natural Hazard. - Socio-Economic and Policy Implications. - Social Science and Near-Earth Objects: an Inventory of Issues. - Perception of Risk from Asteroid Impact. - Hazard Risk Assessment of a Near Earth Object. - Social Perspectives on Comet/Asteroid Impact (CAI) Hazards: Technocratic Authority and the Geography of Social Vulnerability. - May Land Impacts Induce a Catastrophic Collapse of Civil Societies? - The Societal Implications of a Comet/Asteroid Impact on Earth: a Perspective from International Development Studies. - Disaster Planning for Cosmic Impacts: Progress and Weaknesses. - Insurance Coverage of Meteorite, Asteroid and Comet Impacts - Issues and Options. - The Economic Consequences of Disasters due to Asteroid and Comet Impacts, Small and Large. - Communicating Impact Risk to the Public. - Impact Risk Communication Management (1998-2004): Has It Improved? - Towards Rational International Policies on the NEO Hazard. - A Road Map for Creating a NEO Research Program in Developing Countries.
A network theory for resource exchange between rivers and their watersheds

Watersheds are drained by river networks, which route materials and energy from headwaters to terminal water bodies. River networks likewise perfuse the terrestrial portion of watershed ecosystems and reroute some of these materials upslope via material exchange between rivers and land. Here we develop a model of resource exchange between rivers and watersheds to predict the spatial extent of material and nutrient fluxes from aquatic portions of watershed ecosystems. The model is based on a geomorphic template that includes river network structure, topography, and channel sinuosity as well as important biological attributes (productivity and dispersal ability). Analysis of this model suggests that the geomorphic template strongly influences the spatial extent of resource flows in watershed ecosystems. The geomorphic template also predicts the location of areas of concentrated resource exchange, typically at ridge crests, in meander bends, and tributary junctions. We contend that these areas represent hotspots of foraging activity for terrestrial consumers, especially those at the reach scale (meander bends). More generally, our model suggests that the spatial extent of aquatic resource flow equal in magnitude to 20% or greater of terrestrial production may encompass as much as 20%–50% of terrestrial portions of watersheds. Resource flow from rivers to terrestrial ecosystems is not merely an edge effect. Instead, the river network may reroute a substantial flux of materials into watershed ecosystems.
THE GREAT IMITATOR

Objective We aim to present a 45 year-old PVC plant worker with no prior history of mental illness who was admitted to a psychiatric ward with complex neuropsychiatric symptoms. He initially presented to a neurology clinic with a progressive four month history of striking personality change and associated mild cognitive decline, gait ataxia and weight loss. Within a few weeks of presentation, his behaviour had deteriorated, necessitating admission to a psychiatric unit where additional signs of apraxia, dysarthria, visual hallucination, hyper salivation, and profound sleep impairment were noted. After admission, episodes of physical aggression necessitated intensive care treatment. He lacked insight into his abnormal behaviours which included sexual disinhibition. Method Initial neuropsychology assessment revealed significant impairment in his short-term memory, language, visuospatial orientation and fluency. ACE III score was 61/100. Results MRI brain normal Cerebral SPECT scan – moderate hypoperfusion in occipital and temporal regions bilaterally, worse on left. Syphilis IgM antibody detected, Serodia Particle aggn REACTIVE >=1:1280 VDRL reactive 1:32, Treponemal ABS positive, CSF: protein 1.2 g/dl, white cells 8 (lymphocytes) EEG: minor changes suggesting diffuse cortical disturbance. Conclusion He was given a four week course of oral Doxycycline and started empirically on maxepa. He remained compliant with initial significant improvement in verbal fluency, ataxia and apraxia. He continued to exhibit signs of elation with grandiose plans and sexual disinhibition. He was started on 25 mg of lamotrigine which coincided with improvement in mood control allowing discharge home. Two month follow-up revealed an improvement of ACEIII to 87/100. SPECT also showed significant improvement in cerebral perfusion. A repeat lumbar puncture revealed acellular CSF with a marginally raised protein (0.6 g/dl). Functionally, 8 months after presentation, he is back at work full-time. His wife reports only minor residual changes in his personality characterised by a more benign disposition and a mild obsession with household tasks. This case highlights the need to remain vigilant for atypical presentations of neurosyphilis in subjects with complex progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms and behavioural change. A good response to treatment can be anticipated if an early diagnosis is made.
Cancer Patients' Preferences for Quantity or Quality of Life: German Translation and Validation of the Quality and Quantity Questionnaire

Background: Decision-making with patients with incurable cancer often requires trade-offs between quality and length of life. The ‘Quality and Quantity Questionnaire' (QQ) is an English-language measure of patients' preference for length or quality of life. The aim of this study was to translate and validate this questionnaire. Materials and Methods: 1 new item was formulated to improve the ‘Quality of life' scale. Construct validity including exploratory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability was determined in n = 194 patients. Results: The acceptability of the questionnaire among patients was high. The item-non-response rate was very low (2.5-4%). The 2 QQ scales ‘Quality of life' (QL) and ‘Length of life' (LL) had good and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's = 0.71 for LL and 0.59 for QL). Convergent validity was shown by significant correlation of the QL subscale with the CCAT (Cancer Communication Assessment Tool) subscale ‘Limitation of treatment' (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and the LL scale with the CCAT subscale ‘Continuing treatment' (r = 0.24, p = 0.00). Conclusion: The German version of ‘QQ' has satisfactory psychometric properties for measuring patients' preferences for LL or QL. It can be used in all research fields that should be informed by patients' preferences: shared decision-making, palliative care, and health services.
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture

The architecture of India is rooted in its history, culture and the numerous religions worshipped by the people. The information on architecture was, however, available only in the silpa-shastras, which concerned themselves largely with theoretical and religious matters, and not the forms of existing buildings. A systematic study of Indian architecture and its principles only began in the 19th century through the painstaking works of British scholars and engineers using for the first time, the newly-invented photography and the use of site plans. James Fergusson's two-volume History of Indian Architecture and History of Eastern Architecture in India, China and Japan, which first appeared in 1876, was the result of such efforts, and was the first-ever major publication of its kind. Fergusson examined and classified ancient Indian architecture into Buddhist, Himalayan, Dravidian and Chalukyan styles, noting that differences in architectural styles could be attributed to differences in religion. A pioneering classic, Fergusson's History sheds light not only on the forms of ancient Indian architecture, but also the mental landscape of the British scholars who studied it. Though subsequent scholars such as EB Havell and Ananda K Coomaraswamy have criticised Fergusson's conclusions, the value of his detailed presentation has always been acknowledged. The text is that of the 1910 edition, revised and expanded by James Burgess and R. Phene Spiers.
PETROLOGY AND RADIOGEOLOGY OF THE STRIPA PLUTON

To better define the character of the rock encompassing the thermomechanical and hydrological experiments at the Stripa mine in central Sweden, and to help determine the size of the Stripa pluton, detailed studies were conducted of the petrology and radiogeology of the quartz monzonite and adjacent rocks. Petrologic studies emphasized optical petrography, with supplementary X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and microprobe analyses. Radiogeologic investigations were based primarily on surface and underground gamma-ray spectrometric measurements of uranium, thorium and potassium, supplemented by laboratory gamma spectrometric analyses and fission-track radiographic determinations of the locations and abundance of uranium in the rock matrix. Both the quartz monzonite and the metavolcanic leptite which it intruded are strongly fractured. Two stages of fracture filling are evident; an earlier stage encompassing quartz, sericite, feldspar, epidote, and chlorite, and a later stage dominated by carbonate minerals. The Stripa quartz monzonite is chemically and mineralogically distinct from other plutons in the region. Muscovite is the predominant mica in the quartz monzonite; biotite has been altered to chlorite, hornblende is absent, and accessory minerals are scarce. In contrast, in other plutons in the Stripa region biotite and hornblende are prominent mafic minerals and accessory minerals are abundant. The Stripa quartzmore » monzonite is also considerably more radioactive than the leptite and other plutons in the region. Uranium and thorium abundances are both- 30 ppm, considerably higher than in "normal" granitic rocks where the thorium-to-uranium ratio generally exceeds 2. Potassium-argon dating of muscovite from the Stripa quartz monzonite indicates that this rock may be older, at 1691 million years than granitic rock of the neighboring Gusselby and Kloten massifs, whose ages, based on K-Ar dating of biotite, are respectively 1604 and 1640 m.y. Heat flow and heat productivity considerations show that although Stripa quartz monzonite contains high abundances of radioelements, the pluton has little effect on the regional heat flow. If it occurs in a layered plutonic setting, it is not more than 1.5 km thick; otherwise it may comprise a stock, dike, or border phase that is relatively small compared with the large granitic plutons exposed in the region. « less
Critical assessment and validation of a time‐integrating fluvial suspended sediment sampler

Delivery of fine sediment to fluvial systems is of considerable concern given the physical and ecological impacts of elevated levels in drainage networks. Although it is possible to measure the transfer of fine sediment at high frequency by using a range of surrogate and automated technologies, the demands for assessing sediment flux and sediment properties at multiple spatially distributed locations across catchments can often not be met using established sampling techniques. The time‐integrated mass‐flux sampler (TIMS) has the potential to bridge this gap and further our understanding of fine sediment delivery in fluvial systems. However, these devices have undergone limited testing in the field. The aim of this paper was to provide a critical validation of TIMS as a technique for assessing fluvial fine sediment transfer. Fine sediment flux and sediment properties were assessed over 2 years with individual sampling periods of approximately 30 days. Underestimation of sediment flux ranged between 66% and 99% demonstrating that TIMS is unsuitable for assessing absolute sediment loads. However, assessment of relative efficiency showed that six of seven samplers produced statistically strong relationships with the reference sediment load (P < 0.05). Aggregated data from all sites produced a highly significant relationship between reference and TIMS loads (R2 = 0.80; P < 0.001) demonstrating TIMS may be suitable for characterizing patterns of suspended sediment transfer. Testing also illustrated a consistency in sediment properties between multiple samplers in the same channel cross section. TIMS offers a useful means of assessing spatial and temporal patterns of fine sediment transfer across catchments where expensive monitoring frameworks cannot be commissioned. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KONYA OVASI’NDAKİ BÜYÜK TOPRAK GRUPLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ARBUSKÜLER MİKORİZA (A.M.) SPORLARININ BÜYÜKLÜKLERİNE GÖRE DAĞILIMI, İNFEKSİYON ETKİNLİKLERİ VE TOPRAĞIN BAZI ÖZELLİKLERİ İLE ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER

Bu calismada Konya Ovasi’ndaki buyuk toprak gruplarinda Arbuskuler mikoriza sporlarinin izole edilerek, dagilimi ve bitkilerdeki mikorizal infeksiyon oranlari belirlenmistir. Bu amacla, 15 farkli buyuk toprak grubunun 0-20 cm derinliginden ornekleme yapilarak toprak gruplarinin mikoriza spor sayilari ve toprak ornegi alinan yerlerde yetisen bitki koklerinde mikorizal infeksiyon oranlari belirlenmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore; buyuk toprak gruplarindan hidromorfik alluviyal topraklardaki dogal mikorizal potansiyel diger toprak gruplarinkinden daha yuksek (654 adet/10 g toprak) bulunmustur. En dusuk spor sayisi ise (58 adet/10 g toprak) alluviyal toprak grubundan elde edilmistir. Diger taraftan hem en yuksek (% 95) hem de en dusuk (% 10) mikorizal infeksiyon orani sogan bitkisinden elde edilmistir. Mikoriza sporlari elek caplarina gore genellikle butun toprak gruplarinda 50 mikronluk elek uzerinde yogunlasmistir (ortalama 143 adet/10 g). Diger taraftan, toprak ozellikleri ile mikoriza spor sayisi ve infeksiyon arasinda da onemli iliskiler(p<0.01 veya p<0.05) belirlenmistir.
Influence of Spacing and Seed Rate on Weed Suppression in Finger Millet (Eleucine carocana gaertn)

2 Abstract: Field experiments were carried out to study suitable spacing and seed rate that can suppress weeds and enhance the competitive ability of finger millet (Eleucine coracana (L.) Gaertn. ) against weeds in 2007 and 2008 raining seasons at Samaru Zaria, Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The treatments consisted of five inter -row spacing (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) and five seed rates (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kg/ ha). The treatments were factorially arranged and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The result shows that both spacing and seed rate had the ability of suppressing weeds. Higher seed rate and narrow spacing had strong and negative effects on weed biomass and positive effects on crop biomass and yield.
Semianalytical uncertainty estimation of well catchments: Conditioning by head and transmissivity data

The goal of the investigations is to estimate the uncertainty in the location of two‐dimensional, steady state catchments of pumping wells due to the uncertainty of the spatially variable transmissivity field. The uncertainty is evaluated conditional to measured transmissivity and head data. The uncertainty bandwidth of the catchment boundary is approximated in first order by formulating the conditional transversal second moment of the particle displacements along the expected mean particle trajectory. However, empirical relationships have to be provided for the estimation of the uncertainty in the location of stagnation points. Applications of the approach are presented for a synthetic test case with two arrangements of measurement stations. The results are compared with those from conditional numerical Monte Carlo simulations. The comparison allows an assessment of the accuracy and the applicability of the method. The approximation corresponds quite well with the Monte Carlo simulations.
Contrasting patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite population structure in fragmented populations of greater prairie‐chickens

Greater prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) were once found throughout the tallgrass prairie of midwestern North America but over the last century these prairies have been lost or fragmented by human land use. As a consequence, many current populations of prairie‐chickens have become isolated and small. This fragmentation of populations is expected to lead to reductions in genetic variation as a result of random genetic drift and a decrease in gene flow. As expected, we found that genetic variation at both microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers was reduced in smaller populations, particularly in Wisconsin. There was relatively little range‐wide geographical structure (FST) when we examined mtDNA haplotypes but there was a significant positive relationship between genetic (FST) and geographical distance (isolation by distance). In contrast, microsatellite DNA loci revealed significant geographical structure (FST) and a weak effect of isolation by distance throughout the range. These patterns were much stronger when populations with reduced levels of genetic variability (Wisconsin) were removed from the analyses. This suggests that the effects of genetic drift were stronger than gene flow at microsatellite loci, whereas these forces were in range‐wide equilibrium at mtDNA markers. These differences between the two molecular markers may be explained by a larger effective population size (Ne) for mtDNA, which is expected in species such as prairie‐chickens that have female‐biased dispersal and high levels of polygyny. Our results suggest that historic populations of prairie‐chickens were once interconnected by gene flow but current populations are now isolated. Thus, maintaining gene flow may be important for the long‐term persistence of prairie‐chicken populations.