Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Polylysine Enriched Self-Adhesive Resin Cements

Aim. The aim of this study is to add polylysine (PLS) particles to two different types of self-adhesive resin cement (RelyXU200 and Breeze) and to characterize them before and after PLS incorporation. Materials and Methods. Four PLS concentrations (0.2%, 1%, 2%, and 5%) were selected for incorporation into two self-adhesive resin cements (RelyXU200 and Breeze), thus the groups of this study include one control group and four experimental groups for each cement type. Different characterization tests were performed including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), degree of conversion (DC), compressive strength (CS), and ISO tests 4049-2019 that include: film thickness, setting time, water sorption (WS), and solubility (SL). The statistical procedure used includes analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and multiple pairwise comparisons Tukey post hoc test which was used for multifactorial analysis. Results. FTIR showed that PLS addition did not change the functional groups’ peaks for either cement type indicating that no chemical reaction with and/or alteration within the cement has occurred. In general, PLS addition increased the water sorption, solubility, and film thickness, it also increased the setting time for Breeze while decreasing it for RelyXU200 and all these parameters were within 4049-2019 ISO Specification. Statistically, PLS addition did not significantly change these properties compared to the control groups except for 5% PLS. Similarly, the degree of conversion and compressive strength was slightly reduced with no significant difference to the control cement groups except for 5% PLS concentration. Conclusions. Newly developed PLS incorporated self-adhesive resin cement exhibited remarkable mechanical and physical properties compared to control self-adhesive resin cement and passed the ISO standardization. PLS-incorporated resin cement with less than 5% have no negative impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the studied cement.
What Motivates Mergers and Acquisitions in India?

Abstract This paper attempts to explore the motives behind merger and acquisition strategy of Indian corporates. Covering the domestic activity over two decades, 1998--2017, the firm-level determinants of acquiring and acquired firms are studied to analyze the merger motives. The results from Logit and discrete-time hazard model show that firms with higher technological and financial productivity are more likely to go for acquisitions. On the other hand, firms that have potential to grow in the future but are struggling at present owing to low profits or losses are more likely to be acquired. The managements of firms that are not actively involved in research activities are also likely to be replaced. The findings of the article, therefore, suggest that Indian firms are using mergers for expansionary and efficiency-enhancing motives.
Sports Fan Violence in North America

Chapter 1 Introduction to Sports Fan Violence in North America Chapter 2 Sports Fan Violence: An Overview Chapter 3 Approaches to Studying Sports Fan Violence Chapter 4 Social Correlates of Sports Fan Violence Chapter 5 Socialization of the Violent Fan: Research Questions Chapter 6 The Ohio State and Red Sox Celebrating Riots Chapter 7 Serious Fan Violence and the Importance of Sport Chapter 8 Solutions to the Problems of Fan Violence
Budyko Framework Based Analysis of the Effect of Climate Change on Watershed Evaporation Efficiency and Its Impact on Discharge Over Europe

In the context of climate change, the stakes surrounding water availability are rapidly intensifying. Decomposing and quantifying the effects of climate on discharge allows us to understand their impact on water resources better. We propose a methodology to separate the effect of change in the annual mean of climate variables from the effect of the intra‐annual distribution of precipitation. It combines the Budyko framework with land surface model (LSM) outputs. The LSM is used to reproduce the behavior of 2,134 reconstructed watersheds across Europe between 1902 and 2010, with climate inputs as the only source of change. We fit a one‐parameter approximation of the Budyko framework to the LSM outputs. It accounts for the evolution of the annual mean in precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET). We introduce a varying parameter in the equation, representing the effect of long‐term variations in the intra‐annual distribution of P and PET. To better assess the effects of changes in annual means or intra‐annual distribution of P, we construct synthetic forcings fixing one or the other. European results show that the trends in the annual averages of P dominate the trends in discharge due to climate. The second main climate driver is PET, except over the Mediterranean area, where changes in intra‐annual variations of P have a higher impact on discharge than trends in PET. Therefore, the effects of changes in the intra‐annual distribution of climate variables are to be addressed when looking at changes in annual discharge.
Survival Analysis of Time-to-First birth after marriage in Nigeria using three parameter inverse gaussian distribution

Overpopulation is a huge problem for the people of sub-Sahara African countries, including Nigeria. In order to tackle this problem, demographers have in the last five decades made immense efforts towards understanding the causes and mechanisms of fertility, and to explain the variations inherent in it. Several theoretical approaches that have been proposed mainly focus on cumulative or completed fertility as the main dependent variable. Moreover, it is equally important to examine variations in fertility in such entities such as timing and spacing of births. Data on birth interval offers rich and more detailed information for the analysis of reproductive behavior than does the data on number of births. And more importantly, timing of first birth after marriage which also corresponds to first-birth-interval (FBI) is strongly correlated to the number of children a woman would have by the end of her reproductive life. In this research, FBI is modeled stochastically as a survival response variable. Suitability of a class of some standard parametric models is investigated and the study comes up with a novel three-parameter inverse Gaussian model through the exponentiation of probability distribution approach. Estimations of parameters are obtained by maximizing the log-likelihood functions of the data in R software programming. Different approaches employed to discriminate between the distribution and the existing ones considered, suggests that the new model, Lehmann type II inverse Gaussian, provides a better fit for the FBI and other lifetime data. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) which is a resemblance of coefficient of determination in linear regression, also shows a significant reduction in value as covariates are introduced into it in comparison with regressions from other distributions. This research finds that age of women at marriage, education attainment and region where women reside are significant prognostic factors that influence the chance of first birth after marriage. The thesis concludes by calling on agencies and organizations working on population control, especially in Nigeria, to initiate programs that will encourage girl-child education to higher level.
Appropriateness of Antimicrobial Therapy for Treatment of Acute Tonsillitis at Primary Care level in Qatar- Clinical Audit Report

Background: Acute tonsillitis is considered as a common sore throat and difficulty in swallowing which is indicated by swelling and inflammation of the tonsils and throat, including the adenoids and lingual tonsils. Treatment of tonsillitis is commonly performed at the primary care level, which accounts for approximately 1.3% of total consultations. Appropriate antibiotic prescription is frequently associated with appropriateness in the differentiation of viral and bacterial etiologies. The inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to find a balance between rational antibiotic use and antibiotic access, both of which complement each other. In this paper, we will discuss the effectiveness of an action plan developed to improve compliance with appropriate antibiotic use in acute tonsillitis, based on baseline audit results, as well as the impact of this action plan on clinical practice,
Purchase Intention Model Based on Storytelling, Product Innovation, Value Co-Creation, and Empowerment of Farmers in Indonesian Natural Cosmetic Products

Objective: This study aimed to examine and explain the effect of storytelling and product innovation on the purchase intention of cosmetics made from natural ingredients through value co-creation and moderated by farmer empowerment. Method: The method used is a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) models technique on SmartPLS 3.0. The sampling technique used is a non-probability sampling technique, and the respondent was natural cosmetic users in Indonesia. Results: The results show that storytelling is related to purchase intention and is also related to value co-creation which in the end value co-creation can increase purchase intention. In addition, product innovation can also increase purchase intention and value co-creation, which can escalate purchase intention. Empowerment does not significantly affect purchase intention directly, but the empowerment that moderates storytelling proves to exert a significant influence on purchase intention. Value co-creation significantly mediated the effect of storytelling on purchase intention, and it mediated the effect of product innovation on purchase intention. Conclusion: New product innovations are proven to have a significant effect on the purchase intention and value co-creation process. Value co-creation is proven to be able to increase purchase intention and also able to mediate storytelling and product innovation to increase purchase intention. Finally, farmer empowerment has been able to provide reinforcement when storytelling seeks to increase purchase intention.
Detecting Decidable Classes of Finitely Ground Logic Programs with Function Symbols

In this article, we propose a new technique for checking whether the bottom-up evaluation of logic programs with function symbols terminates. The technique is based on the definition of mappings from arguments to strings of function symbols, representing possible values which could be taken by arguments during the bottom-up evaluation. Starting from mappings, we identify mapping-restricted arguments, a subset of limited arguments, namely arguments that take values from finite domains. Mapping-restricted programs, consisting of rules whose arguments are all mapping restricted, are terminating under the bottom-up computation, as all of its arguments take values from finite domains. We show that mappings can be computed by transforming the original program into a unary logic program: this allows us to establish decidability of checking if a program is mapping restricted. We study the complexity of the presented approach and compare it to other techniques known in the literature. We also introduce an extension of the proposed approach that is able to recognize a wider class of logic programs. The presented technique provides a significant improvement, as it can detect terminating programs not identified by other criteria proposed so far. Furthermore, it can be combined with other techniques to further enlarge the class of programs recognized as terminating under the bottom-up evaluation.
Impact of Tailored-Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Versus Conventional Care in Patients of Gastro-Duodenal Perforation: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial

Background: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program established improved clinical outcomes in elective surgery; however, its role in emergencies is uncertain. This study was designed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a tailored-ERAS (t-ERAS) protocol in patients undergoing modified Graham’s patch closure for gastro-duodenal perforation. Methods: A single-centre, prospective, parallel-arm, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted from February 2021 to December 2021. Patients with gastroduodenal perforation undergoing modified Graham's patch were randomly assigned to either conventional care or the t-ERAS pathway. Patients with refractory septic shock, psychiatric or neurological disorders, pregnancy, multiple perforations, sealed-off perforations, and perforation sizes greater than 1.5 cm were excluded. The primary outcome was to compare the length of hospitalization (LOH). Functional recovery parameters and morbidity were compared in secondary outcomes. Results: Twenty-five patients each were included in conventional care and the t-ERAS group. In the t-ERAS group, LOH was significantly shorter (6.3 SD2.15 days versus 9.56 SD4.33 days, p = 0.001). Patients in the t-ERAS group had significantly early functional recovery (days) with time to first bowel sound (1.8 SD0.41; p 0.002), first flatus (2.52 SD0.65; p = 0.026), first stool (3.04 SD0.68; p < 0.001), first liquid diet (2.24 SD0.60; p = 0.002), and duration of ileus (2.64 SD0.86; p = 0.038). There was no significant difference in morbidity such as post-operative nausea and vomiting, SSI, or pulmonary complications between the two groups. Conclusion: Tailored ERAS pathways are safe and effective in reducing the LOH and promoting early functional recovery in patients undergoing emergency closure of gastro-duodenal perforation.
Analysis of thermal effects in circumferential groove journal bearings with reference to the divergent zone

Ce travail porte sur l'etude des effets thermiques dans un palier hydrodynamique, alimentee par une rainure circonferentielle (CGJB) sous charge statique, en tenant compte des phenomenes de rupture de film dans la zone divergente. La recherche experimentale a ete realisee a l'Universite de Poitiers ; elle a permis une determination minutieuse des champs de pression et de temperature sur la portee situee a l’avant d’un CGJB et dans la section mediane de sa rainure. Ces mesures sous un regime stationnaire sont originales par rapport celles existantes, quel que le type de palier, de par le grand nombre de points de mesure, 180 pour la pression et 144 pour la temperature, l'instrumentation de haute precision, la large plage de conditions d'exploitation (pression specifique variant de 0,125 a 2 MPa et vitesse lineaire de l’arbre allant de 5,25 a 21 m/s). Des etudes du regime transitoire de demarrage au regime stationnaire etabli ont ete effectuees pour de faibles charges. Des experiences effectuees a l'Universite "Politehnica" de Bucarest ont montre une bonne correlation entre la perte de portance, anti-portance et la rupture du film sur un patin Rayleigh (RSP), ce qui est essentiel pour l'evaluation des phenomenes de rupture dans les paliers. Quelques modeles theoriques ont ete utilises pour evaluer les risques de serrage au demarrage qui est une instabilite thermoelastique catastrophique. Les principaux resultats sont l’obtention d’une base fiable de donnees experimentales permettant le developpement des modeles theoriques avances et l’infirmation d’une repartition de pression constante dans la zone divergente et de pression et temperature constantes dans la rainure d'alime
On Log-q-Gaussian Distribution

We propose the log-q-Gaussian distribution which is obtained as the distribution of a random variable whose logarithm is q-Gaussian. Various types of properties of the new distribution are given such as the moments, the cumulative distribution function, the extreme value distribution, the likelihood estimation, and so on. Some examples for real data are also given. AMS Classification: 60Exx 62Exx.
Test of parameter changes in a class of observation-driven models for count time series

Abstract This paper investigates the parameter-change tests for a class of observation-driven models for count time series. We propose two cumulative sum (CUSUM) test procedures for detection of changes in model parameters. Under regularity conditions, the asymptotic null distributions of the test statistics are established. In addition, the integer-valued generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (INGARCH) processes with conditional negative binomial distributions are investigated. The developed techniques are examined through simulation studies and also are illustrated using an empirical example.
Playing Different Games: The Paradox of Anywaa and Nuer Identification Strategies in the Gambella Region, Ethiopia

List of Figures and Tables Preface Acknowledgements List of Acronyms Introduction: the Regional Setting of Ethnic Identification and Ethnic Conflict PART I: THEORY AND METHODOLOGY Chapter 1. Theoretical Orientation and Arguments PART II: THE CONTRAST Chapter 2. The Anywaa Primordialist Ethnic Identity Formation Chapter 3. The Nuer Constructivist Ethnic Identity Formation PART III: THE ENCOUNTER Chapter 4. In the Riverine Lands Chapter 5. The Cultural Contestation Chapter 6. Differential Incorporation into the Ethiopian State Chapter 7. The Anywaa Response to Ethiopian Ethnic Federalism Chapter 8. The Nuer Response to Ethiopian Ethnic Federalism Chapter 9. Civil War in the Sudan and Ethnic Processes in the Gambella Region Conclusion: Modes of Ethnic Identification Glossary of Local Terms References Index
Semi-arid Crop Responses to Atmospheric Elevated CO2

Invited Mini-Review: Semi-arid tropics host most of the poor and small-holding farmers of the developing world. Global warming is seen largely as a consequence of continuous increase in the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere leading to unusual changes in global temperatures and rainfall patterns. This in turn is expected to increase the water scarcity in the environment, affecting plant growth and metabolism. In this context, we reviewed semi-arid crop responses to elevated CO2 levels in terms of growth, yield components, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes. Predicted rise of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere may benefit the plants by increasing the crop water use efficiency and net photosynthesis leading to greater biomass, yield and harvest index. C3 and C4 crop plants vary in their degree of response to elevated CO2, which will likely affect the proportion of land area occupied by these crops in future. Stomatal conductance will probably be reduced at higher CO2 concentrations reducing transpiration per unit leaf area and consequently increasing the leaf temperature. The high CO2 is an ameliorative of the adverse effects of drought and acts by altering the plant, biochemical and molecular systems. Understanding of the direct effects of elevated CO2 and its interactions with the other climate variables is needed in order to predict the impact of climate change scenarios on crop growth and food security in future.
Middle Pleistocene to Holocene sea-level changes and coastal evolution on the Mount Gambier coastal plain, southern Australia

i Acknowledgements. iii Table of contents. v List of figures. xi List of tables. xix Thesis introduction 1 Chapter 1: Geological and environmental evolution of the Mount Gambier coastal plain, southern Australia. 3 1.
On the Influence of Swell Propagation Angle on Surface Drag

A combination of turbulence-resolving large-eddy simulations and observations are used to examine the influence of swell amplitude and swell propagation angle on surface drag. Based on the analysis a new surface roughness parameterization with nonequilibrium wave effects is proposed. The surface roughness accounts for swell amplitude and wavelength and its relative motion with respect to the mean wind direction. The proposed parameterization is tested in uncoupled three-dimensional Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) simulations at grid sizes near 1 km where we explore potential implications of our modifications for two-way coupled atmosphere–wave models. Wind–wave misalignment likely explains the large scatter in observed nondimensional surface roughness under swell-dominated conditions. Andreas et al.’s relationship between friction velocity and the 10-m wind speed under predicts the increased drag produced by misaligned winds and waves. Incorporating wave-state (speed and direction) influences in parameterizations improves predictive skill. In a broad sense, these results suggest that one needs information on winds and wave state to upscale buoy measurements.
Excavaciones en los abrigos de la Peña del Perro (Santoña, Cantabria)

Resultat preliminaire des fouilles d'El Perro qui est compose d'un projet de recherche interdisciplinaire sur l'evolution de l'environnement et de la population humaine dans les marais de l'Aśon durant la transition Tardiglaciaire/Holocene jusqu'a l'apparition d'une economie de production. La sequence stratigraphique inclut les occupations du Magdalenien final, de l'Azilien et du Mesolithique. La malacofaune indique une modification de la temperature de l'eau a la transition entre l'Azilien et le Mesolithique. Le radiocarbone donne 10160±110 bp pour l'Azilien, 9260±110 bp pour les amas de coquillages mesolithiques. Discussion pour rapporter ces occupations aux contexte chronologique regional
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES USING EQUITY MARKET REACTIONS TO INFER EXPOSURE TO TRADE LIBERALIZATION

We propose a method for identifying exposure to changes in trade policy based on asset prices that has several advantages over standard measures: it encompasses all avenues of exposure, it is natively firm-level, it yields estimates for both goods and service producers, and it can be used to study reductions in difficult-to-quantify non-tariff barriers in a way that controls naturally for broader macroeconomic shocks. Applying our method to two well-studied US trade liberalizations provides new insight into service sector responses to trade liberalizations as well as dramatically different responses among small versus large firms, even within narrow industries. Andrew N. Greenland Elon University 50 Campus Drive Elon, NC 27244 agreenland@elon.edu Mihai Ion Eller College of Management The University of Arizona McClelland Hall 315H 1130 E Helen St. Tucson, AZ 85721 mihaiion@email.arizona. edu John W. Lopresti College of William & Mary 300 James Blair Drive Williamsburg, VA 23185 jwlopresti@wm.edu Peter K. Schott Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue New Haven, CT 06511 and CEPR and also NBER peter.schott@yale.edu
Promoted interaction of nuclear factor-kappa B with demethylated purinergic P2X3 receptor gene contributes to neuropathic pain in rats with diabetes

Painful diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes by mechanisms that as yet are incompletely defined. The aim of this study was to investigate roles of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in regulation of purinergic receptor (P2X3R) plasticity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with painful diabetes. Here, we showed that hindpaw pain hypersensitivity in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was attenuated by treatment with purinergic receptor antagonist suramin or A-317491. The expression and function of P2X3Rs was markedly enhanced in hindpaw innervated DRG neurons in diabetic rats. CpG island in p2x3r gene promoter region was significantly demethylated and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3b was remarkably downregulated in DRGs in diabetic rats. The binding ability of p65 (an active form of NF-κB) with p2x3r gene promoter region and p65 expression was enhanced significantly in diabetes. Inhibition of p65 signaling using NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or recombinant lentiviral vectors designated as LV-p65 siRNA remarkably suppressed P2X3R activities and attenuated diabetic pain hypersensitivity. Insulin treatment significantly attenuated pain hypersensitivity and suppressed the expression of p65 and P2X3Rs. Our findings suggest that the p2x3r gene promoter DNA demethylation and enhanced interaction with p65 contributes to P2X3R sensitization and diabetic pain hypersensitivity.