Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of radio signals from cosmic-ray cascades in air and ice as observed by in-ice Askaryan radio detectors

A new generation of neutrino observatories, including RNO-G and RET, will search for PeV-EeV neutrinos interacting in the ice by detecting radio pulses. Extended air showers propagating into the ice will form an important background and could be a valuable calibration signal. We present results from a Monte-Carlo simulation framework developed to fully simulate radio emission from cosmic-ray particle cascades as observed by in-ice radio detectors in the polar regions. The framework involves a modified version of CoREAS (a module of CORSIKA 7) to simulate in-air radio emission and a GEANT4-based framework for simulating in-ice radio emission from cosmic-ray showers as observed by in-ice antennas. The particles that reach the surface of the polar ice sheet at the end of the CORSIKA 7 simulation are injected into the GEANT4-based shower simulation code that takes the particles and propagates them further into the ice sheet, using an exponential density profile for the ice. The framework takes into account curved ray paths caused by the exponential refractive index profiles of air and ice. We present the framework and discuss some key features of the radio signal and radio shower footprint for in-ice observers.
Reconstruction procedure of the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes

The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is one of several proposed designs for a next-generation cosmic-ray detector. Such detectors will require enormous collecting areas whilst also needing to remain cost-efficient. To meet these demands, the FAST collaboration has designed a simplified, low-cost fluorescence telescope consisting of only four photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Since standard air shower reconstruction techniques cannot be used with so few PMTs, FAST utilises an alternative two-step approach. In the first step, a neural network is used to provide a first estimate of the true shower parameters. This estimate is then used as the initial guess in a minimisation procedure where the measured PMT traces are compared to simulated ones, and the best-fit shower parameters are found. A detailed explanation of these steps is given, with the expected performance of FAST prototypes at the Telescope Array experiment acting as a demonstration of the technique.
Association between dietary factors and colorectal serrated polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Dietary factors may affect the incidence of colorectal serrated polyps (SP). However, its effects on SP are unclear as epidemiological studies on this topic have showed inconsistent results. The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effects of dietary factors on SPs. Methods Studies regarding the association between dietary factors and SPs were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase and Chinese Biomedical Literature database from inception until 27 February 2023. Search terms include serrated, hyperplastic, adenoma, polyps, colorectal, rectal, rectum and risk. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. The meta-analysis was conducted by using a random-effects model, and the pooled effects were expressed with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Probable sources of heterogeneity were identified through meta-regression. Subgroup analysis were based on lesion types, study designs, countries, and so on. Results 28 studies were ultimately eligible after scanning, and five dietary factors including vitamin D, calcium, folate, fiber and red or processed meat were excerpted. Higher intakes of vitamin D (OR = 0.95, 95%CI:0.90–1.02), calcium (OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.91–1.03) and folate (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.6–1.13) were not significantly associated with SP. Fiber intake (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.99) was a protective factor against SPs. Red meat intake increased the risk of SPs by 30% for the highest versus lowest intakes (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13–1.51). For different lesion types, higher folate intake was associated with a decreased risk of HPs (OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.44–0.79), and higher vitamin D intake decreased the risk of SPs including SSA/P (OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.88–0.98). Conclusions Higher dietary fiber intake plays an effective role in preventing SP, while red meat intake is associated with an increased risk of SP. This evidence provides guidance for us to prevent SP from a dietary perspective. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? , RecordID=340750.
A comparative study of silicon detector degradation under irradiation by heavy ions and relativistic protons

Silicon detectors irradiated by 40Ar ions with the energy of 1.62 GeV were studied with the goal to find the parameters of radiation damage induced by ions. The measurements of the I–V characteristics, temperature dependences of the detector bulk current, deep level spectra and current pulse response were carried out for detectors irradiated within the fluence range 5×1010–2.3×1013 ion/cm2 and the obtained results were compared with the corresponding data for detectors irradiated by 23 GeV protons. It is shown that the processes of defect introduction by ions and overall radiation damage are similar to those induced by 23 GeV protons, while the introduction rates of radiation defects and current generation centers are about ten times higher for irradiation by 40Ar ions. The fact that these processes have much in common gives grounds to use the physical models and characteristic parametrization such as those developed earlier for detectors irradiated by protons and neutrons to build the long-term scenario of Si detector operation in the Time-Of-Flight diagnostic system of Super FRagment Separator designed at GSI for the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, FAIR.
Assignment of Plural Modes in Northern Rural Jordanian Arabic

This article seeks an explanation why many nouns in this Arabic variety are irregularly pluralized (e.g. dʒabal  Ɂɪdʒba:l) whereas only few are regularly pluralized (muʔalim  mʔalm-iin). While repudiating the long-standing views which attribute the dichotomy of the sound (regular) and broken (irregular) plurals to primarily morphological factors, the current study shows that this dichotomy rather follows from a confluence of morpho-phonological processes, including moraic weight. It argues that the broken plural is the normal mode of plural formation in Arabic, being basically confined to words weighing 2-5 moras. If the given word weighs more than five moras or less than two moras (i.e., mono-moraic), broken formation is no longer accessible, and hence, the sound plural mode is called for. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how certain vowel melodies and the OCP are competing forces that constrain plural formation in this Jordanian Arabic variety.
Determinant of Indonesia Composite Index During Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence in the long run and short run interest rates, IDR exchange rates, inflation and oil prices on ICI on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis method used is with Error Correction Models (ECM) analysis. The data used in the study is time series data that is compiled periodically on a weekly basis from January 2019 to April 2021. The results showed that interest rates have a significant effect in the long run and have no significant effect in the short run, the IDR exchange rate and world oil prices have a significant effect in the long and short run, while inflation has no significant effect in the long run and short run on ICI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek suku bunga, kurs IDR, inflasi dan harga minyak duni terhadap IHSG di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada saat pandemi Covid-19. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu dengan analisis Error Correction Models (ECM). Data yang dipakai dalam penelitian adalah data time series yaitu data yang disusun berkala secara mingguan dari Januari 2019 sampai dengan April 2021 secara runtun waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, suku bunga berpengaruh signifikan dalam jangka panjang dan tidak berpengaruh signifkan dalam jangka pendek, kurs IDR dan harga minyak dunia berpengaruh signifikan dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek, sedangkan inflasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek terhadap IHSG.
Response solutions and quasi-periodic degenerate bifurcations for quasi-periodically forced systems

This paper includes two parts. In the first part, we first focus on quasi-periodic time dependent perturbations of one-dimensional quasi-periodically forced systems with degenerate equilibrium. We study the system in two cases, for one of which system admits a response solution under a non-resonant condition on the frequency vector weaker than Brjuno–Rüssmann’s and for another of which system also admits a response solution without any non-resonant conditions. Next, we investigate the existence of response solutions of a quasi-periodic perturbed system with degenerate (including completely degenerate) equilibrium under Brjuno–Rüssmann’s non-resonant condition by using the Herman method. In the second part, we consider, firstly, the quasi-periodic perturbation of a universal unfolding of one-dimensional degenerate vector field . Secondly, we consider the perturbation of a universal unfolding of normal two-dimensional Hamiltonian system with completely degenerate equilibrium. With KAM theory and singularity theory, we show that these two classes of universal unfolding can persist on large Cantor sets under Brjuno–Rüssmann’s non-resonant condition, which implies all the invariant tori in the integrable part and all the bifurcation scenario can survive on large Cantor sets. The result for Hamiltonian system can apply directly to the response context for quasi-periodically forced systems. Our results in this paper can be regarded as an improvement with respect to several results in various literature (Broer et al 2005 Nonlinearity 18 1735–69; Broer et al 2006 J. Differ. Equ. 222 233–62; Wagener 2005 J. Differ. Equ. 216 216–81; Xu 2010 J. Differ. Equ. 250 551–71; Xu and Jiang 2010 Ergod. Theor. Dynam. Syst. 31 599–611; Lu and Xu 2014 Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl. 21 361–70).
The Influence of Internal and External Variables on Stock Price Volatility in the Manufacturing Sector in Indonesia

The problem with this study is that dividend policy, firm size, earnings per share, inflation, and exchange rate, all play important roles in stock price volatility and are important factors in determining financial planning decisions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of stock price volatility on 45 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2022. The methodology of this study was panel data regression analysis, using this type of time series data and a cross section of his data processing program using EViews 9, leading to a fixed effects model. The results and contributions of this study were in dividend payout ratio, dividend yield, firm size, leverage, earnings per share, inflation, and exchange rate variables all have a large impact on stock price volatility. Leverage and inflation variables had impact, but company size, payout ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share and price did not have impact on stock price volatility. The conclusion of this study was that corporate management can help increase stock price volatility by considering more important variables that affect stock price volatility. It also serves as an investment decision consideration for investors to predict which companies can generate the greatest returns.
Ingestion of corrosive substances and the endoscopic role in assessing the severity of caustic injury

Introduction The ingestion of caustic substances into the upper gastrointestinal tract is an unusual but potentially life-threatening problem. Aim To evaluate the most commonly ingested corrosive substances, and the endoscopic findings, complications, and final outcomes of caustic intake. Material and methods This cross-sectional study included 220 inpatient participants with corrosive poisonings during a 3-year period (2017–2019). Data from the national patient electronic system “My term” and from the “Poisoning information centre” at the University Clinic for Toxicology, Skopje were used. Demographic characteristics, type of corrosive substance, endoscopic findings by Kikendall classification, emerging complications, fatal outcome, and hospitalization were analysed. Data obtained were analysed with the SPSS software package, version 22.0 for Windows. Results During the period 2017–2019, out of 220 hospitalized cases with corrosive substance intake, 132 (60%) were with ingestion of acids, 19 (8.6%) with bases, 32 (14.6%) with bleaches, and 37 (16.8%) with other household products (p = 0.3469). The mean age of patients was 49.89 ±19.86 years. The most severe endoscopy findings (high-grade injury) were significantly more often associated with acid and base ingestion (p = 0.00001). Out of all strictures, 25 (64.1%) were on one location (either oesophagus or stomach), and 12 (30.8%) were on 2 locations. Conclusions Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is very important procedure for rapid assessment of severity of caustic injury, early appropriate therapy, as well as the potential development of strictures. The obtained data are very important for the development of a national program for the prevention of corrosive poisoning in our country.
Effect of micronutrient iron on bioactive compounds isolated from cryptophytes

Iron is one of the important micronutrients affecting algal growth due to its fundamental role in the physiological processes, including photosynthetic electron transport, respiration, and nitrogen fixation. In this study, the effect of different iron levels on growth and the production of bioactive compounds (phycoerythrin (PE), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and phenolic compounds (PCs)) of five cryptophyte strains were investigated. Also, the antioxidant capacity of the bioactive compounds was explored. The results showed species-specific responses to the impact of iron on growth of cryptophytes and accumulation of bioactive compounds. The growth rates of C. pyrenoidifera and Cryptomonas sp. varied significantly at different iron levels, and a reduction in the PE content was observed for several cryptophytes cultured at the highest iron level. However, no significant differences were detected in EPS content at different iron levels. Differences in PC contents of C. pyrenoidifera and Cryptomonas sp. at medium iron level were statistically significant compared with the other two treatments. The results also revealed species-specific differences in antioxidant activity at different iron levels; each studied strain followed its own pattern in response to change in iron level, and each bioactive compound had a different antioxidant activity. Overall, however, PCs demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than PE and EPS. In summary, iron has an impact on growth, bioactive compound accumulation, and antioxidant activity. However, the species-specific responses to changes in iron level should not be ignored when modifying culture conditions for optimal harvest of bioactive compounds.
Yeast Bax Inhibitor (Bxi1p/Ybh3p) Is Not Required for the Action of Bcl-2 Family Proteins on Cell Viability

Permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane by proteins of the BCL-2 family is a key decisive event in the induction of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Although yeast does not have homologs of the BCL-2 family, when these are expressed in yeast, they modulate the survival of cells in a way that corresponds to their activity in mammalian cells. The yeast gene, alternatively referred to as BXI1 or YBH3, encodes for membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that was, contradictorily, shown to either inhibit Bax or to be required for Bax activity. We have tested the effect of the deletion of this gene on the pro-apoptotic activity of Bax and Bak and the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, as well on survival after treatment with inducers of regulated cell death in yeast, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. While deletion resulted in increased sensitivity to acetic acid, it did not affect the sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide nor to BCL-2 family members. Thus, our results do not support any model in which the activity of BCL-2 family members is directly affected by BXI1 but rather indicate that it may participate in modulating survival in response to some specific forms of stress.
Machine learning in Baikal-GVD experiment

Baikal-GVD is a large-volume underwater neutrino telescope located in Lake Baikal, Russia. We report on machine learning techniques used for the analysis of its data. Namely, we discuss neural networks developed for the following goals: (1) suppression of noise activations of Baikal-GVD’s optical modules due to the natural luminescence of Baikal water; (2) identification of neutrino-induced events and estimation of their flux; (3) reconstruction of arrival direction of incoming neutrinos. It is shown that the accuracy of developed methods surpass that of analogous standard reconstruction techniques on Monte-Carlo simulated data
Vehicle Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Review of Algorithms and Datasets

Nowadays, vehicles with a high level of automation are being driven everywhere. With the apparent success of autonomous driving technology, we keep working to achieve fully autonomous vehicles on roads. Efficient and accurate vehicle detection is one of the essential tasks in the environment perception of an autonomous vehicle. Therefore, numerous algorithms for vehicle detection have been developed. However, their strengths in terms of performance have not been deeply assessed or highlighted yet. This work comprehensively reviews the existing methods and datasets for vehicle detection considering their performances and applications in the field of autonomous driving. First, we briefly describe tasks, evaluation criteria, and existing public datasets for vehicle detection in autonomous driving. Second, we provide a rigorous review of both classical and latest vehicle detection methods, including machine vision-based, mmWave radar-based, LiDAR-based, and sensor fusion-based methods. Finally, we analyze the pertinent challenges of autonomous vehicles and provide recommendations for future works concerning vehicle detection. The present review covers over 300 research works and aims to help researchers interested in autonomous driving, especially in vehicle detection.
Infotainers, Mediators, or Watchdogs? Mapping the Field of News Podcasters and Their Role Conceptions in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland

News podcasts have emerged as a relevant medium, contributing to the collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of information in mass media discourse. This paper presents an analysis of the sociodemographic backgrounds, professional profiles, role perceptions, and values of news podcasters based on an online survey of 195 participants in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. The results reveal that news podcasters are predominantly male, middle-aged, and academically educated with no journalistic socialization or journalistic working experience. In terms of self-images and values, news podcasters emphasize the importance of education, information, and entertainment, while rejecting conventional concepts like criticism and control. Overall, they demonstrate a strong orientation towards the needs of their audiences and strive to be responsive to their preferences. Yet, the monetization of content through financing models such as sponsoring or native advertisement is not established on a broad scale. These findings shed light on the unique characteristics of news podcasters and provide insights into their status in a rapidly changing media environment.
Strong Opponent of Walnut Anthracnose—Bacillus velezensis and Its Transcriptome Analysis

Walnut is a significant economic tree species worldwide. Walnut anthracnose, caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, greatly reduces walnut production and economic benefits. Our study showed that Bacillus velezensis effectively halted the growth of C. gloeosporioides, inducing noticeable abnormalities such as hyphal breakage and distortion, thereby curtailing the pathogen’s virulence. A 50–100 times dilution of B. velezensis fermentation broth, applied every two to three days, served as an efficient protective layer for walnut leaves and fruits against C. gloeosporioides infection. Transcriptomic analysis of B. velezensis unveiled its dynamic response against C. gloeosporioides. On the second day, B. velezensis upregulated a significant number of differentially expressed genes related to the synthesis of metabolic products, amino acid biosynthesis, and motility. On the fourth day, continuous synthesis of metabolic products and amino acids, along with differential expression of spore-related genes, was observed. By the sixth day, the focus shifted towards environmental adaptation and carbon source utilization. Throughout the process, B. velezensis likely employed strategies such as the release of metabolic products, increased chemotaxis, and nutrient competition to exert its antagonistic effect on C. gloeosporioides. Fluorescence quantitative results showed that 15 primer pairs were up-regulated and 15 were down-regulated, with a 100% similarity rate to transcriptome sequencing results, confirming their authenticity. These findings provided a foundation for the widespread application of B. velezensis as a biocontrol agent in agriculture and forestry.
Corporate Governance and Accounting Conservatism in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation

This study investigated the effect of Corporate Governance (represented by Asymmetric Timeliness Measure and Market To Book Ratio) on accounting conservatism (represented by Gender Composition of the Board, Composition of Audit Committee and Risk Management Committee) of quoted firms in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used. The population of this study comprised 17 food and beverage firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) as at December 31st, 2021 from which 14 were selected by Purposive sampling technique. The study period was 10 years (2012 to 2021). Data were obtained from the published audited financial statements. The study used descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. Findings from the study revealed that Corporate Governance jointly had no significant effect on Asymmetric Timeliness Measure (ATM), AdjR2 = 0.035; F (6, 133) = 1.84, P-Value= 0.09 and Market To Book Ratio (MTB), AdjR2= 0.109; F = 11.70, P-Value= 0.07. This study concluded that Corporate Governance had no significant impact on Accounting Conservatism of quoted firms in Nigeria. It was recommended that policy makers should pay close attention to corporate governance policies and measures such as the Gender Composition of the Board, Composition of Audit Committee and Risk Management Committee in order to enhance accounting conservatism and bring about accounting conservatism and by extension improve the quality of financial statements.