Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Better Long-Term Population Projection Method A Case Study for Canberra Suburbs

Population Projection is the numerical outcome of a particular set of assumptions about population changing trends in the future. It is the essential preliminary study to land development plan designing like new suburb development plans because almost all successive planning activities like dwelling land block reservations and releasing, infrastructure construction planning etc, are highly dependent on the population and demography compositions. This thesis proposes two frameworks to do the population projections for Canberra existing suburbs as a case study. The two frameworks are CC-Bin framework and HMM-Bin framework. CC-Bin framework is based on the very traditional population projection model: Cohort-Component Model, which is widely used by land planners and census officers. It generates specific population sizes for different age and gender groups based on given assumptions about population components like fertility, mortality and migration. This framework requires high quality of data availability while in most cases especially in small areas like what we are examining now, the data availability is quite bad. Therefore, we have to make our own assumptions about those components based on the very partially available data in hand. HMM-Bin framework is designed to get more flexible results like intervals. This framework is based on Hidden Markov Model which is a statistical machine learning model which can help to find how population could be affected by some unknown underlying factors. To get higher accuracy, we proposed some auxiliary procedures like pre-processing and clustering before directly using Hidden Markov Model. Therefore, this framework is a hierarchical framework. Due to time limitation, we only applied this framework to the total population size experiments. Experiment results show that CC-Bin framework is highly dependent on the accuracy of migration assumptions, which are quite hard to be made in the long run although the results are quite acceptable compared to ABS true values from 2001 to 2004 and HMM-Bin framework generates much smoother results for a long term projection and there is no significant difference between HMM-Bin projections and real population changing trends from 2001 to 2004. Both CC-Bin framework and HMMBin framework cannot be directly applied to real population projections individually because CC-Bin framework lacks accurate migration assumptions and HMM-Bin has not got age and gender cohorts involved. A better long-term population projection method has high potential to be the combination of these two frameworks which is the future work.
Germination Characteristics of Mountain Celery 'Aciphylla Glacialis' (F. Muell.) Benth. (Apiaceae)

The germination characteristics of Mountain Celery Aciphylla glacialis (Apiaceae) were investigated. This species failed to germinate in conditions that nine other alpine species from the same region found favourable. Seeds were collected from eight mountain peaks in the Victorian alpine zone. These peaks formed an altitudinal gradient of 302 m. The seeds were subjected to a cold-wet stratification treatment in an attempt to overcome what appeared to be seed dormancy. After approximately 15 weeks of the cold-wet stratification treatment, A. glacialis seeds began to germinate. Germination rates were fastest among seeds from the mid to high altitude sites, which also had the greatest percentage of seeds to germinate. Mt Speculation (1668 m) and Mt Bogong (1970 m) had the lowest percentage of germination from seeds collected in 2004. Among seeds collected in 2005, the lowest values were from Mt Bogong. Comparing seed collected in 2004 and 2005, there was no significant difference between final per cent germination from any site. There were no significant relationships between altitude and germination characteristics. There were several significant differences in the probability of seed germination between sites. However, there was no overall trend in the probability of seed germination between high and low altitude sites. The role of seed dormancy mechanisms in relation to the alpine environment is discussed and the role of altitudinal gradients in relation to seed germination in this species is speculated upon.
Multi-scaling in finance

The most suitable paradigms and tools for investigating the scaling structure of financial time series are reviewed and discussed in the light of some recent empirical results. Different types of scaling are distinguished and several definitions of scaling exponents, scaling and multi-scaling processes are given. Methods to estimate such exponents from empirical financial data are reviewed. A detailed description of the Generalized Hurst exponent approach is presented and substantiated with an empirical analysis across different markets and assets.
Chemical processes in a young biomass-burning plume

[1] The photochemistry in young biomass-burning plumes depends on the emissions from the fire and their mixing with the background atmosphere as well as on the actinic flux. In the present study a three-dimensional plume model is used to investigate the photochemical evolution of a biomass-burning plume during the first tens of minutes after the fire emissions have been released into the atmosphere. The model results represent the evolution of the plume from the Quinault prescribed fire conducted during the Smoke, Cloud, and Radiation-C (SCAR-C) experiment. The modeled ozone concentrations of about 70 ppb are close to observations. The main nitrogen reservoir species downwind of the fire are HNO3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate, accounting for about ∼60% and ∼30% of the total nitrogen reservoir species, respectively. Photolysis of formaldehyde, which is emitted from the fire, is the primary source of radicals in the plume. Omitting the emissions of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the modeled fire plume leads to unrealistically low ozone concentrations in the simulations. A nonabsorbing aerosol as well as the lower emission of NOx in the simulations enhance the radical concentration, the photochemical ozone formation, and the oxidation efficiency, at least at the timescales considered here. Further investigations of the atmospheric processes in young biomass-burning plumes will increase our understanding of the interaction of transport and chemical processes not only in biomass-burning plumes but also in other convective systems.
Academic entrepreneurship: What are the factors shaping the capacity of academic researchers to identify and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities?

This paper aims at improving our understanding of the attributes of academic researchers that influence the capacity to identify and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. We investigate a number of factors highlighted in the literature as influencing the entrepreneurial activities undertaken by academics. Our results show that identification and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities are shaped by different factors. While identification of commercial opportunities is driven by prior entrepreneurial experience and the excellence of the academic work, exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities is driven by the extent of previous collaboration with industry partners, cognitive integration and prior entrepreneurial experience.
Anthropology and Childhood in South America: Perspectives from Brazil and Argentina Bibliography

L’enfance est recemment devenue un champ de recherche anthropologique legitime en Amerique du Sud, une region marquee par sa diversite et ses inegalites. Avec son inscription renouvelee dans les manifestations publiques, le champ a gagne en visibilite dans les colloques et les publications en anthropologie. Dans ce texte, nous soulignerons quelques unes des principales caracteristiques du developpement de ce champ en Amerique du Sud ; pourtant, si d’importantes contributions, centrees sur les defis de la region et dans le droit fil de ses traditions intellectuelles y ont vu le jour, peu d’entre elles sont parues dans les plus grandes revues anthropologiques. Lorsque l’on se penche sur la production scientifique des deux dernieres decennies, on ne peut manquer de relever le role significatif d’une jeune generation de chercheurs qui a commence a publier dans les annees 1990, d’une part, et les avancees importantes de l’ethnographie, de l’ethnologie et de l’anthropologie de l’education qui l’a rendue possible, d’autre part.
What Do Cross-National Comparisons of Personality Traits Tell Us?

Much research contrasts self-reported personality traits across cultures. We submit that this enterprise is weakened by significant methodological problems (in particular, the reference-group effect) that undermine the validity of national averages of personality scores. In this study, behavioral and demographic predictors of conscientiousness were correlated with different cross-national measures of conscientiousness based on self-reports, peer reports, and perceptions of national character. The predictors correlated strongly with perceptions of national character, but not with self-reports and peer reports. Country-level self- and peer-report measures of conscientiousness failed as markers of between-nation differences in personality.
ON BASE FREQUENCY OF THE SYMMETRICAL SIX-TOOTH-SHAPED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

A symmetrical microstrip six-tooth-shaped antenna is considered. The influence of the main geometric parameters of the antenna on the base frequency is investigated. The main geometric parameters of the antenna include length and width of the radiator, depth of the rectangular cutouts on its radiator, thickness of the substrate, length of the ground and width of the feedline. Regression analysis is carried out and several mathematical models are constructed. The first model describes a relationship of the base frequency with depth of the rectangular cutouts, the radiator length and width. The second model describes a relationship between the wavelength at the base frequency and the geometry of the radiator. The root-mean-square error and the relative error of these models are calculated. For the base frequency and wavelength, graphs of dependencies on the geometric parameters of the antenna are plotted. We establish that a decrease in values of the base frequency and an increase in the wavelength is associated with an increase in the depth of cutouts and the radiator length. We show that a slight influence on the base frequency is caused by changes in width of the feedline, thickness of the substrate and length of the ground. The proposed formulas, describing relationships of the base frequency as well as the wavelength at this frequency with the geometric parameters of the antenna, can be used to design a six-tooth-shaped antenna in a wide frequency range.
Correlation Between Peripheral Blood and Follicular Fluid Autoantibodies and Impact on In Vitro Fertilization

Total immunoglobulins, C3 and C4 complement, and autoantibodies to phospholipid antigens, histones, histone subfractions, and nucleotides were measured in serum and follicular fluids of 26 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Immunoglobulins and complement fractions appeared in statistically lower concentrations in follicular fluid than in serum. This gradient was clearly larger for immunoglobulin M (IgM) than for IgG, IgA, C3, or C4. Ten patients who were autoantibody positive to one or more of the evaluated antigens demonstrated statistically higher total IgG and IgM levels and lower C3 and C4 than 16 autoantibody negative patients. With regard to follicular fluid, positive patients had significantly elevated IgM levels in comparison with negative control patients, and significantly decreased C3 and C4 concentrations. Patients who were autoantibody positive in serum also exhibited uniformly abnormal follicular fluid autoantibodies. Positive patients had significantly higher IgG antiphospholipid antibodies in follicular fluid than controls, and demonstrated a similar trend for IgM and IgA antiphospholipid antibodies. Positive patients demonstrated no significant differences from negative patients in number of in vitro fertilization attempts, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, and number of abnormal (granular) oocytes. However, positive patients experienced a lower pregnancy rate (5.4%) than negative patients (26.1%), although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .07). This observation strongly suggests that the presence of abnormal autoantibodies in the female may reduce the chance of pregnancy for in vitro fertilization patients. A similar effect of abnormal autoantibodies can then also be expected in attempts at spontaneous conception.
Marry for What? Caste and Mate Selection in Modern India

This paper studies the role played by caste, education and other social and economic attributes in arranged marriages among middle-class Indians. We use a unique data set on individuals who placed matrimonial advertisements in a major newspaper, the responses they received, how they ranked them, and the eventual matches. We estimate the preferences for caste, education, beauty, and other attributes. We then compute a set of stable matches, which we compare to the actual matches that we observe in the data. We find the stable matches to be quite similar to the actual matches, suggesting a relatively frictionless marriage market. One of our key empirical findings is that there is a very strong preference for within-caste marriage. However, because both sides of the market share this preference and because the groups are fairly homogeneous in terms of the distribution of other attributes, in equilibrium, the cost of wanting to marry within-caste is low. This allows caste to remain a persistent feature of the Indian marriage market.
Identity matters: Racial-ethnic identity and Maori students

Racial-ethnic identity is a fundamental aspect of an early adolescent's identity. This article, based on data from Maori adolescents in Auckland, shows that racial-ethnic identity is important for Maori adolescents because it frames who they are, how they belong and their achievement aspirations. It concludes that, although negative stereotypes are prevalent and powerful in the lives of Maori adolescents, a strong racial-ethnic identity may enhance their resilience, providing them with the capacity to prevent negative pressures from interfering with their educational engagement.
The neural correlates of childhood maltreatment and the ability to understand mental states of others

ABSTRACT Background: Emotional abuse and emotional neglect are related to impaired interpersonal functioning. One underlying mechanism could be a developmental delay in mentalizing, the ability to understand other people’s thoughts and emotions. Objective: This study investigates the neural correlates of mentalizing and the specific relationship with emotional abuse and neglect whilst taking into account the level of sexual abuse, physical abuse and physical neglect. Method: The RMET was performed in an fMRI scanner by 46 adolescents (Age: M = 18.70, SD = 1.46) who reported a large range of emotional abuse and/or emotional neglect. CM was measured using a self-report questionnaire (CTQ). Results: Neither severity of emotional abuse nor neglect related to RMET accuracy or reaction time. The severity of sexual abuse was related to an increased activation of the left IFG during mentalization even when controlled for psychopathology and other important covariates. This increased activation was only found in a group reporting both sexual abuse and emotional maltreatment and not when reporting isolated emotional abuse or neglect or no maltreatment. Functional connectivity analysis showed that activation in the left IFG was associated with increased activation in the right insula and right STG, indicating that the IFG activation occurs in a network relevant for mentalizing. Conclusions: Being sexually abused in the context of emotional abuse and neglect is related to an increase in activation of the left IFG, which may indicate a delayed development of mirroring other people’s thoughts and emotions. Even though thoughts and emotions were correctly decoded from faces, the heightened activity of the left IFG could be an underlying mechanism for impaired interpersonal functioning when social situations are more complex or more related to maltreatment experiences.
Human PSC-Derived Hepatocytes Express Low Levels of Viral Pathogen Recognition Receptors, but Are Capable of Mounting an Effective Innate Immune Response

Hepatocytes are key players in the innate immune response to liver pathogens but are challenging to study because of inaccessibility and a short half-life. Recent advances in in vitro differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) facilitated studies of hepatocyte–pathogen interactions. Here, we aimed to define the anti-viral innate immune potential of human HLCs with a focus on pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-expression and the presence of a metabolic switch. We analysed cytoplasmic PRR and endosomal toll-like receptor (TLR)-expression, as well as activity and adaptation of HLCs to an inflammatory environment. We found that transcript levels of retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation antigen 5 (MDA5), and TLR3 became downregulated during differentiation, indicating the acquisition of a more tolerogenic phenotype, as expected in healthy hepatocytes. HLCs responded to activation of RIG-I by producing interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes. Despite low-level levels of TLR3, receptor expression was upregulated in an inflammatory environment. TLR3 signalling induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines at the gene level, indicating that several PRRs need to interact for successful innate immune activation. The inflammatory responsiveness of HLCs was accompanied by the downregulation of cytochrome P450 3A and 1A2 activity and decreased serum protein production, showing that the metabolic switch seen in primary hepatocytes during anti-viral responses is also present in HLCs.
Schooling and pastoralists' livelihoods: a Tanzanian case study.

Previous research on education amongst pastoralists has concentrated mainly on the reasons for their comparatively low rates of enrolment and attainment. This thesis examines education in pastoralist areas more critically. It is based on fourteen months of fieldwork carried out between 2003 and 2006 in a predominantly agro-pastoralist Maasai area in Monduli District in northern Tanzania. Quantitative and qualitative data are used to explore the nature of the schooling process and the ways in which schooling has influenced pastoralism and pastoralists' livelihoods. Theoretical approaches which view schooling as a diverse collection of socially situated practices embedded in a local context, as well as approaches which see 'development' as a discursive practice, are drawn on. Various actors have shaped the schooling process, including the Tanzanian government, teachers, non-Maasai in-migrants, and Maasai. The results of this process are shown to have been affected by discursive contestations, mediated by local constraints and opportunities. The schooling process in pastoralist areas in Tanzania has been informed by discourses of pastoral development that are not supportive of extensive pastoralism. Involvement of Maasai children in schooling has consequently brought practical as well as ideological challenges for those trying to maintain successful and sustainable pastoralist livelihoods. This thesis argues that the schooling process in this area has influenced livelihood choices and thus the practice and viability of pastoralism. Through examining the ideological basis, practices, and consequences of schooling, as well as through an analysis of the formulation of education policies, this thesis seeks to inform and stimulate current debate surrounding education provision for pastoralists.
A man could never do what women can do: Mental health care and the significance of gender

Objective: The basic aim of this paper is to examine how women and men in mental health care understand their own strengths and weaknesses and those of the other gender. Method: This is a qualitative study based on individual and focus group interviews with 49 participants. Content analysis was performed. Results: Our findings indicate a gender imbalance in strengths and weaknesses on several levels. The female workers describe mothering as a female identity, and think women have a greater natural quality for caring than men. They orientate towards relationships and are inclined to take on too much responsibility. Men, on the other hand, use their gender power as a mobilizing attitude. However, they have a tendency to consider themselves too objective and too emotionally reserved. Female workers consider men’s professional distance in caring as a strength. Although the latter’s lack of handling emotions is considered a weakness. Male workers emphasize the women’s willingness to offer care as a strength, although women taking on too much responsibility is described as a weakness. Conclusion: The imbalance between genders in mental health care may have some consequences for decision-making in relation to patients and care planning. Thus there is a need for work organizations to focus on the influence of gender not only for the working milieu, but also to better use the competence that exists to the benefit of the patients.
Modifikasi Karakteristik Kuat Tarik pada Komposit Film Poli(Vinil Pirolidon) dan Karagenan Melalui Pembentukan Komposit Karbon Nano Dot

Polimer merupakan material yang banyak dijadikan komposit sekarang ini. Teknologi nano dapat berperan sebagai agen komposit yang lebih baik dari pada agen komposit konvensional. C-dot yang merupakan material nano yang dikompositkan dengan polimer alam dan sintetik dengan model berturut-turut karagenan dan poli(vinilpirolidon) (PVP). Pada penelitian ini C-dot disintesis dari asam sitrat dan urea dengan iradiasi gelombang mikro, kemudian produk dimurnikan dan dikarakterisasi. Karagenan diekstraksi dari rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. Selanjutnya polimer dan C-dot dikompositkan dengan metode Gel-Casting. Sintesis C-dot dari asam sitrat dan urea menghasilkan larutan berwarna hitam yang menandakan C-dot terbentuk, terdapat absorbsi di panjang gelombang 340 nm pada daerah UV yang membuktikan C-dot berhasil disintesis karena serapan tersebut tidak ditemukan pada bahan baku. C-dot yang disintesis memiliki ukuran partikel 90,61 nm dan indeks polidispersitas (PI) sebesar 0,0396. Komposit C-dot dengan polimer dapat meningkatkan kuat tarik dan modulus elastisitas film polimer. Konsentrasi optimum C-dot sebagai pengisi (filler) untuk PVP sebesar 0,7% b/b dan Karagenan 1.5% b/b. C-dot dapat berperan sebagai pengisi (filler) dalam kuat tarik pada film polimer. Penambahan C-dot pada film polimer sintetik maupun alam dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik dari film polimer dan tidak memberikan hasil yang berbeda.