Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface permeability tests: experiments and modelling for estimating effective permeability

This paper presents a technique for determining the near surface permeability of geomaterials and involves the application of a uniform flow rate to an open central region of a sealed annular patch on an otherwise unsealed flat surface. Darcy’s flow is established during attainment of a steady pressure at a constant flow rate. This paper describes the experimental configuration and its theoretical analysis via mathematical and computational techniques. The methods are applied to investigate the surface permeability characteristics of a cuboidal block of Indiana limestone measuring 508 mm. An inverse analysis procedure is used to estimate the permeability characteristics at the interior of the Indiana limestone block. The resulting spatial distribution of permeability is used to estimate the effective permeability of the tested block.
Two-way time and frequency transfer using optical fibers

A two-way time and frequency transfer technique using SONET (SDH) protocol is described. The system has demonstrated stabilities of 10 ps in "loopback" configuration. Preliminary measurements on a system performing full two-way time transfer shows stabilities of better than 100 ps at 100 seconds, limited by flicker phase modulation.
Prognostication for prelabor rupture of membranes and the time of delivery in nationwide insured women: development, validation, and deployment

Importance: Prognostic predictions of prelabor rupture of membranes lack proper sample sizes and external validation. Objective: To develop, validate, and deploy statistical and/or machine learning prediction models using medical histories for prelabor rupture of membranes and the time of delivery. Design: A retrospective cohort design within 2-year period (2015 to 2016) of a single-payer, government-owned health insurance database covering 75.8% individuals in a country Setting: Nationwide healthcare providers ( n =22,024) at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels Participants : 12-to-55-year-old women that visit healthcare providers using the insurance from ~1% random sample of insurance holders stratified by healthcare provider and category of family: (1) never visit; (2) visit only primary care; and (3) visit all levels of care Predictors: Medical histories of diagnosis and procedure (International Classification of Disease version 10) before the latest visit of outcome within the database period Main Outcomes and Measures: Prelabor rupture of membranes prognostication (area under curve, with sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio), the time of delivery estimation (root mean square error), and inference time (minutes), with 95% confidence interval Results: We selected 219,272 women aged 33 ± 12 years. The best prognostication achieved area under curve 0.73 (0.72 to 0.75), sensitivity 0.494 (0.489 to 0.500), specificity 0.816 (0.814 to 0.818), and likelihood ratio being positive 2.68 (2.63 to 2.75) and negative 0.62 (0.61 to 0.63). This outperformed models from previous studies according to area under curve of an external validation set, including one using a biomarker (area under curve 0.641; sensitivity 0.419; sensitivity 0.863; positive likelihood ratio 3.06; negative likelihood ratio 0.67; n =1177). Meanwhile, the best estimation achieved ± 2.2 and 2.6 weeks respectively for predicted events and non-events. Our web application only took 5.14 minutes (5.11 to 5.18) per prediction.
FACTORS AFFECTING USE BEHAVIOR IN E-LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION USING CHROMEBOOK DEVICES

With the developments in the world, especially in the world of education, technology has become a necessity. The rapid development of technology causes schools and educational institutions to compete by integrating technology in teaching and learning activities. Educators' readiness to integrate technology with conventional learning is a challenge for schools and educational institutions today. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence behavioral intention and use behavior towards e-learning using Chromebooks for educators. This study uses a modified UTAUT research model to suit the study. Through this research model, the writer tries to find a relationship between Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Condition on Behavioral Intention, and the relationship between Facilitating Condition and Behavioral Intention to Use Behavior. This study used a census method for all Junior High and Senior High, with 34 respondents. Hypothesis testing is done with the SmartPLS 3 computer application. This study has five hypotheses, two hypotheses are rejected because they have an insignificant relationship. This research can be used as a reference and management consideration in implementing policies.
Membership Inference Attacks Against NLP Classiﬁcation Models

The success of natural language processing (NLP) is making NLP applications commonplace. Unfortunately, recent research has shown that privacy might be at stake given that these models are often trained on private user data. While privacy risks are demonstrated in text generation settings, privacy risks of the text classiﬁcation settings, which subsume myriad downstream applications, are largely unexplored. In this work, we study the susceptibility of NLP classiﬁcation models, used for text classiﬁcation tasks, to membership inference (MI), which is a fundamental type of privacy leakage. We design a comprehensive suite of attacks to assess the risk of sample-level MI , as well as that of relatively unexplored user-level MI . We introduce novel user-level MI attacks that outperform the existing attacks and conduct experiments on Transformer-based and RNN-based NLP models. Our evaluations show that user-level MI is signiﬁcantly stronger than sample-level MI. We further perform in-depth analyses showing the effect of various NLP-speciﬁc parameters on MI against NLP classiﬁcation models.
Investigating the Relationship between Trust in Leader and Workplace Relationship Quality

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between trust in leader (cognitive-based trust, affective-based trust) and workplace relationships quality (leadermember exchange and coworker relationships). Data collected from 370 employees using a questionnaire at an educational sector in Mansoura University. The study adopts a positivism philosophy, a deductive approach, and a quantitative research method to discuss the research methodology. The study tests the hypotheses with Warp PLS version 6.The research findings show that trust in leader (cognitive-based trust and affective-based trust) has a significant positive impact on workplace relationship quality (leader-member exchange and coworker relationship). Furthermore, the contribution of this study is filling the literature review gap in human resource field.
Wobfuscator: Obfuscating JavaScript Malware via Opportunistic Translation to WebAssembly

To protect web users from malicious JavaScript code, various malware detectors have been proposed, which analyze and classify code as malicious or benign. State-of-the-art detectors focus on JavaScript as the only target language. However, WebAssembly provides attackers a new and so far unexplored opportunity for evading malware detectors. This paper presents Wobfuscator, the first technique for evading static JavaScript malware detection by moving parts of the computation into WebAssembly. The core of the technique is a set of code transformations that translate carefully selected parts of behavior implemented in JavaScript into WebAssembly. The approach is opportunistic in the sense that it uses WebAssembly where it helps to evade malware detection without compromising the correctness of the code. Evaluating our approach with a dataset of 43,499 malicious and 149,677 benign JavaScript files, as well as six popular JavaScript libraries reveals that our approach is effective at evading state-of-the-art, learning-based static malware detectors; the obfuscation is semantic-preserving; and our approach has small overhead, making it practical for use in real-world programs. By pinpointing limitations of current malware detectors, our work motivates future efforts on detecting multi-language malware in the web.
Affirmative Action in India via Vertical, Horizontal, and Overlapping Reservations

Sanctioned by its constitution, India is home to the world's most comprehensive affirmative action program, where historically discriminated groups are protected with vertical reservations implemented as “set asides,” and other disadvantaged groups are protected with horizontal reservations implemented as “minimum guarantees. ” A mechanism mandated by the Supreme Court in 1995 suffers from important anomalies, triggering countless litigations in India. Foretelling a recent reform correcting the flawed mechanism, we propose the 2SMG mechanism that resolves all anomalies, and characterize it with desiderata reflecting laws of India. Subsequently rediscovered with a high court judgment and enforced in Gujarat, 2SMG is also endorsed by Saurav Yadav v. State of UP (2020), in a Supreme Court ruling that rescinded the flawed mechanism. While not explicitly enforced, 2SMG is indirectly enforced for an important subclass of applications in India, because no other mechanism satisfies the new mandates of the Supreme Court.
Epigenetic Age Acceleration Is Not Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

DNA methylation age (DNAm age) estimation is a powerful biomarker of human ageing. To date, epigenetic clocks have not been evaluated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we perform genome-wide DNA methylation analyses in blood of AMD patients with a documented smoking history (14 AMD, 16 Normal), identifying loci of differential methylation (DML) with a relaxed p-value criterion (p ≤ 10−4). We conduct DNAm age analyses using the Horvath-multi tissue, Hannum and Skin & Blood epigenetic clocks in both blood and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We perform Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Causal Network Analysis (IPA CNA) on the topmost significantly differentially methylated CpG probes in blood and RPE. Results show poor performance of epigenetic clocks in RPE. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) was not observed in AMD. However, we observe positive EAA in blood of smokers, and in smokers with AMD. DML analysis revealed hypomethylation at cg04953735 within RPTOR (p = 6.51 × 10−5; Δβ = −11.95%). IPA CNA in the RPE also identified RPTOR as the putative master regulator, predicted to be inhibited in AMD. In conclusion, this is the first study evaluating an association of epigenetic ageing in AMD. We posit a role for RPTOR as a common master regulator of methylation changes in the RPE in AMD.
Physical mechanisms of lift enhancement for flexible delta wings

Passive lift enhancement for flexible nonslender delta wings has been demonstrated as a potential method for the control of vortex-dominated wing flows. Physical mechanisms of lift enhancement and the effect of important variables are discussed. Lift enhancement for flexible wings with low/moderate sweep is a very complex phenomenon, involving self-induced antisymmetric vibrations of leading edges, spanwise camber effect due to the large time-averaged deflection, shear layer instabilities, reattachment, increased mean vorticity flux and circulation, re-formation of the leading edge vortices, possible enhancement of streamwise pressure gradient, and the effects of frequency and edge velocity.
Life cycle water analysis of a residential building and its occupants

Reduced water consumption is one of the objectives of many towns and cities as part of the trend towards more sustainable settlements. Information on comprehensive water usage is required for formulating conservation and management strategies. Whilst buildings are directly responsible for only 12% of global water consumption, they can indirectly account for a much more significant proportion of total water demand due to the production of construction materials as well as the goods and services purchased by their occupants. This paper analyses both direct and indirect water consumption of a conventional Australian residential building and its occupants over a 50-year period. Input–output analysis is used to comprehensively determine total water usage. The results show that the direct water consumption to operate the house is only 6.4% of the total, with a further proportion embodied in the materials of the dwelling. The water embodied in consumable items, especially food, is the most significant, representing 46% of total household water demand. Policies for minimizing water consumption should address more than just direct water usage and the findings used to influence the design of urban living in the future. La réduction de la consommation en eau est l'un des objectifs de nombreuses villes, grandes et moins grandes, dans le cadre de la tendance actuelle à aller vers des habitations plus durables. Il est nécessaire de pouvoir disposer d'informations sur l'ensemble des usages qui sont faits de l'eau pour pouvoir formuler des stratégies de préservation et de gestion. Alors que les bâtiments ne sont directement responsables que de 12% de la consommation mondiale en eau, ils peuvent représenter indirectement une part beaucoup plus importante de la demande totale en eau, du fait de la fabrication des matériaux de construction comme des biens et services achetés par leurs occupants. La consommation en eau directe aussi bien qu'indirecte est analysée sur une période de 50 ans, en utilisant comme étude de cas un immeuble résidentiel australien classique et ses occupants. L'analyse des entrées et des sorties est pleinement utilisée pour déterminer l'usage total de l'eau. Les résultats montrent que la consommation directe en eau pour faire fonctionner la maison ne s'élève qu'à 6,4% du total, une part supplémentaire virtuelle étant constituée par les matériaux de l'habitation. L'eau virtuelle des produits consommables, en particulier des aliments, est la plus importante, représentant 46% de la demande totale en eau de l'habitation. Les politiques visant à réduire au minimum la consommation en eau devront aller au-delà du simple usage direct de l'eau, et ces résultats devront être utilisés pour influer à l'avenir sur la conception de la vie urbaine. Mots clés: eau virtuelle consommation des ménages analyse du cycle de vie de l'eau immeubles résidentiels consommation en eau
An automated self-calibrated instrument for non-destructive testing on conductive materials

An instrument for non-destructive testing in industrial environment was designed, realized and tested. It uses fluxset magnetic sensors and is based on dedicated boards suitably realized for optimizing system performances without loosing in flexibility. A self-calibration and adjustment capability was implemented thus allowing a system optimum operating in any different environment. FFT based algorithm was used for both probe adjustment and measurement post-processing. The realized instrument has then been tested on specimen with known cracks and the experimental results have been compared with the theoretical ones showing a very good agreement.
A Social Network Analysis of Jemaah Islamiyah: The Applications to Counterterrorism and Intelligence

This article attempts to contribute to and advance the growing literature on social network analysis and terrorism studies, through a social network analysis of the Jemaah Islamiyah cell that was responsible for the Bali bombings in 2002. In doing so, the article endeavors to provide a potential framework for the intelligence analysis of terrorist cells. Such a framework will assist in (1) understanding the communication and structure of such cells and (2) assist in predicting the likely outcomes of terrorist cells when employed in real-time intelligence analysis.
Prophages encoding human immune evasion cluster genes are enriched in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps

Prophages affect bacterial fitness on multiple levels. These include bacterial infectivity, toxin secretion, virulence regulation, surface modification, immune stimulation and evasion and microbiome competition. Lysogenic conversion arms bacteria with novel accessory functions thereby increasing bacterial fitness, host adaptation and persistence, and antibiotic resistance. These properties allow the bacteria to occupy a niche long term and can contribute to chronic infections and inflammation such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study, we aimed to identify and characterize prophages present in Staphylococcus aureus from patients suffering from CRS in relation to CRS disease phenotype and severity. Prophage regions were identified using PHASTER. Various in silico tools like ResFinder and VF Analyzer were used to detect virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes respectively. Progressive MAUVE and maximum likelihood were used for multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetics of prophages respectively. Disease severity of CRS patients was measured using computed tomography Lund–Mackay scores. Fifty-eight S. aureus clinical isolates (CIs) were obtained from 28 CRS patients without nasal polyp (CRSsNP) and 30 CRS patients with nasal polyp (CRSwNP). All CIs carried at least one prophage (average=3.6) and prophages contributed up to 7.7 % of the bacterial genome. Phage integrase genes were found in 55/58 (~95 %) S. aureus strains and 97/211 (~46 %) prophages. Prophages belonging to Sa3int integrase group (phiNM3, JS01, phiN315) (39/97, 40%) and Sa2int (phi2958PVL) (14/97, 14%) were the most prevalent prophages and harboured multiple virulence genes such as sak, scn, chp, lukE/D, sea. Intact prophages were more frequently identified in CRSwNP than in CRSsNP (P=0.0021). Intact prophages belonging to the Sa3int group were more frequent in CRSwNP than in CRSsNP (P=0.0008) and intact phiNM3 were exclusively found in CRSwNP patients (P=0.007). Our results expand the knowledge of prophages in S. aureus isolated from CRS patients and their possible role in disease development. These findings provide a platform for future investigations into potential tripartite associations between bacteria-prophage-human immune system, S. aureus evolution and CRS disease pathophysiology.
Screen Constructions: Microclimate and Water Use in Israel

The use of screens and screenhouses is constantly increasing, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where their use is environmentally sound. This is due to several reasons: (i) the relatively low initial and maintenance costs; (ii) saving irrigation water – a crucial environmental issue; (iii) improved yield quality; (iv) reduction in pesticide application by using high mesh screens. Our research group has been studying the microclimate, crop water use and water use efficiency of crops under screens and in screenhouses. This paper will review major findings of these studies. In Israel, much of the banana cultivation has moved inside screenhouses in order to save water and improve fruit quality. In the Jordan Valley water savings can reach 20-30% with the same and even better yield. Thus, water use efficiency is increased. Measurements and modelling have demonstrated that in this region the major factors contributing to evapotranspiration reduction under summer conditions are radiation and wind speed reduction. Pepper is mainly grown in screenhouses with high-mesh insect-proof screens. These screens are efficient in excluding the insects but they inhibit ventilation and reduce incoming radiation. Measurements have shown a reduction of about 5070% in ventilation rate, and about 50% reduction in crop water use, as compared to estimated values for an open pepper field. The reduction in turbulent transport of mass and momentum was demonstrated through the study of aerodynamic properties of boundary layers along screens. These studies showed reduced friction velocities and roughness lengths above a covered citrus orchard. These findings support the observed reduction in evapotranspiration from covered crops.
Psychopathy in women: insights from neuroscience and ways forward for research

Abstract Psychopathy is a severe form of personality disturbance, resulting in a detrimental impact on individuals, healthcare systems, and society as a whole. Until relatively recently, most research in psychopathy has focused on male samples, not least because of its link with criminal behavior and the large proportion of violent crime committed by men. However, psychopathy in women also leads to considerable problems at an individual and societal level, including substance misuse, poor treatment outcomes, and contribution to ever-increasing numbers of female prisoners. Despite this, due to relative neglect, most research into adult female psychopathy is underpowered and outdated. We argue that the field needs revitalizing, with a focus on the developmental nature of the condition and neurocognitive research. Recent work international consortia into conduct disorder in female youth—a precursor of psychopathy in female adults—gives cause for optimism. Here, we outline key strategies for enriching research in this important field with contemporary approaches to other psychiatric conditions.
Compliance with and acceptability of two fortified balanced energy protein supplements among pregnant women in rural Nepal

Abstract Some evidence suggests that balanced energy protein (BEP) supplements taken during pregnancy and lactation can have positive effects on birth outcomes such as small‐for‐gestational age and birthweight, but more evidence is needed on the long‐term use and acceptability of such supplements. We conducted a mixed‐methods formative research study to assess and compare compliance with and acceptability of two BEP supplements, a lipid‐based peanut paste and a biscuit, to identify BEP supplements for subsequent inclusion in an efficacy trial. We conducted an 8‐week feeding trial of daily supplementation among two groups of 40 pregnant women each in rural Nepal. Compliance data were collected and supplements distributed at the weekly visits. Sensory properties of the supplements were assessed using a 7‐point Likert scale. In addition, in‐depth interviews with women (n = 16), family members (n = 6) and health workers (n = 6) and focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 4) were conducted to explore themes related to general use and intention of future use of the supplement. Overall self‐reported compliance was high: medians of 91.1% in the lipid‐based peanut paste group and 96.4% in the biscuit group. Both supplements were rated highly on overall likability (median score 6/7) and sensory properties. Qualitative findings showed that sustained use of the supplements was attributed to expected health benefits, favourable sensory attributes, and family support. The FGDs suggested providing the option to choose between more than one type/flavour of supplements to improve compliance. Sharing was mostly evident in the first week with higher sharing reported in the biscuit group.