Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal traits of Malay adults (18-23 years) in Shah Alam, Malaysia

Background: The incidence of malocclusion varies among countries, ethnicities, races, and ages. The recognition of malocclusion incidence is an important role in planning public health services. Aims: To assess the occlusal features of Malaysian Malay adults aged 18-23 years. However, few epidemiological studies have been conducted in Malaysia and a little information is available on Malay malocclusion. Methods: A total sample of 191 subjects (73 males and 118 females) was examined to register the occlusal status by using Angle classification as normal occlusion, Class I, Class II/1, Class II/2 and Class III malocclusion. Other variables were recorded such as overbite, over-jet, crowding, spacing, midline diastema, crossbite, scissors bite, midline shifts, canine displacement, missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, traumatically fractured teeth, traumatic gingival contact, tongue thrust and lip coverage. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were used for all measurements and the chi-square test was used for gender differences. Results: Class III was the most predominant with gender significant (P < 0.05). Class II/2 was the lowest incidence (1%). Overall, the anterior crowding was high (75.9%). There was a significant association between crossbite, scissors bite and genders (P < 0.05). The anterior crossbite was more commonly associated with Class III and the antero-posterior unilateral crossbite was found only in subjects with Class III. Conclusion: The incidence of Class III was higher in Malay; therefore, the orthodontic management of Class III would be more common in the clinic so that it is necessary to start a plan to promote the preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment in Malay population.
Fermentation by Eco Enzyme on Nutritional Content of Rice Straw, Corn Straw, and Oil Palm Fronds

Novelty statement: This study reveals that fermented agricultural and plantation waste by using different doses of eco enzyme turned out to have a good effect on the quality of the waste. The procedures and parameters standardised in this research can be used for production of ruminant feed. Abstract: The low nutrient content of agricultural waste is an obstacle to use as feed. The addition of eco enzyme as biological activators can help the fermentation process. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three doses of eco enzyme as a starter fermentation of rice straw, corn straw, and palm fronds on changes in the nutritional content of 21 days fermentation. This study used a completely randomized design method with two factorial (three treatments and three replications). Factor D: Doses (D1 = 1%; D2 = 3%; D3 = 5%) and factor L: Forage (L1 = rice straw; L2 = corn straw; L3 = oil palm fronds). The parameters studied were moisture content (MC), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF). The results of this research showed that addition of eco enzyme dose of 5% on L1, 3% on L2 and 3% L3 can increased water content and crude protein, and reduce levels of dry matter and crude fiber of forage compared without fermentation.
A global review of determinants of native bee assemblages in urbanised landscapes

Loss of natural habitat through land‐use change threatens bees. Urbanisation is a major, increasing form, of habitat loss, and a novel, pervasive form of disturbance known to impact bee diversity and abundance in a variety of often inconsistent ways. We conducted a comprehensive, semi‐quantitative review, involving 215 studies, on responses of bees to urban landscapes, and local and landscape variables proposed to influence bee abundance and diversity. Urban areas tend to be favourable habitat for bees compared with agricultural ones, but compared with natural areas, urban areas often host more abundant populations yet fewer species. Factors associated with urban landscapes, including changes in foraging resources and nesting substrate types and availability, contribute to changes in abundance, species richness, and composition of native bee assemblages. However, the conclusions of studies vary greatly because of the difference in the ecological traits of bees, habitats surveyed, and geographic region, as well as noise in the data resulting from inconsistencies in sampling methodology, and definitions of ‘urban’ and ‘natural’. Identifying what biotic and abiotic features of cityscapes promote or threaten the persistence of urban bee diversity is critical. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of how bees (both in aggregate and according to their ecological guild) have responded to the urban environment, identify gaps in knowledge in urban bee ecology, and make recommendations to advance our understanding of bees in urban environments to promote conservation of diverse bee communities.
Using the Characteristics of Small Business Managers to Understand Information Technology (IT) Adoption in Nigeria

While previous studies emphasised that demographic characteristics can influence IT adoption, our understanding of these characteristics and how they influence IT adoption in Nigerian context remains to be explored. This study investigates the effects of demographic characteristics - age, gender, working experience and education (academic) attainment on SMEs’ IT adoption behaviour and adopts a cross sectional research design using self administered questionnaires to collect the primary data. Custom factorial univariate analysis of variance was used to analysis the raw data. Age and education attainment were found to influence IT adoption while gender and working experience had no impact. Those responsible for introducing IT in Nigeria should be aware that the idiosyncrasies of decision makers can greatly influence IT adoption practices.
How should normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism be managed? Comparison with classical hypercalcemic form

Aim: Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (N-PHPT) is a different variant of primary hyperparathyroidism characterized by normal serum calcium (Ca) concentrations and elevated parathormone (PTH) levels in the absence of secondary causes of hyperparathyroidism. However, the clinical course and therapeutic approaches of this entity have been not fully demonstrated. We aimed to determine the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with N-PHPT, comparing with patients who had hypercalcemic PHPT (H-PHPT). Materials and Methods: A total of 185 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for PHPT were included in the study. The patients were classified as N-PHPT and H-PHPT. The two groups were then compared between each other in terms of all demographic, clinical, and surgical features. Results: One hundred and fifty-one (81.6%) patients had a diagnosis of H-PHPT while 34 (18.4%) patients were normocalcemic. Both groups were similar in age, preoperative vitamin D level, preoperative PTH level, and type of surgery (p > 0.05). Preoperative Ca level was significantly different between the groups (p 0.05). Conclusion: N-PHPT patients had similar demographic and clinical features in comparison to those with H-PHPT, indicating that the surgical decision in patients with N-PHPT should be similar with H-PHPT cases.
Seismic design of buckling-restrained braced frames based on a modified energy-balance concept

The conventional energy-based seismic design procedure based on the energy-balance concept was revised for performance-based design of buckling-restrained braced frames. The errors associated with the energy-balance concept were identified and were corrected by implementing proper correction factors. The design process began with the computation of the input energy from a response spectrum. Then the plastic energy computed based on the modified energy-balance concept was distributed to each story and the cross-sectional area of each brace was computed in such a way that all the plastic energy was dissipated by the brace. The proposed procedure was applied to the design of three-, six-, and eight-story steel frames with buckling-restrained braces for three different performance targets. According to the time-history analysis results, the mean values of the top story displacements of the model structures, designed in accordance with the proposed procedure, corresponded well with the given target displacemen.
Prevalence of Pingueculum and Pterygium Among Adults at an Outreach in an Upland Community in Rivers State, Nigeria

Aim: To determine the prevalence of pingueculum and pterygium among adults in Eneka community and to access the demographic profile and associated ocular findings in affected adults. Methodology: Teaming up with other volunteers for a free medical outreach gave us the opportunity to evaluate the ocular health status of this semi-urban population. A cross sectional study was conducted in which each subject had a detailed ocular examination including visual acuity, anterior segment evaluation with pen-torch, funduscopy, tonometry and refraction where indicated. Collected data was subsequently analyzed using Epi-info version 7. Results: One hundred adults were screened for Pingueculum and Pterygium comprising 28(28%) male and 72(72%) females. Three (3%) of them had Pingueculum while five (5%) had Pterygium. The mean age was 31.1±13.3 years. Most of the pterygia (80%) were unilateral and most (80%) of the participants had normal visual acuity (6/5-6/18) while all of them had normal intraocular pressures. Conclusion: Pingueculum and Pterygium are relatively uncommon in Eneka community.
Usability and Perceived Usefulness of the AFib 2gether Mobile App in a Clinical Setting: Single-Arm Intervention Study

Background Although the American Heart Association and other professional societies have recommended shared decision-making as a way for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter to make informed decisions about using anticoagulation (AC), the best method for facilitating shared decision-making remains uncertain. Objective The aim of this study is to assess the AFib 2gether mobile app for usability, perceived usefulness, and the extent and nature of shared decision-making that occurred for clinical encounters between patients with AF and their cardiology providers in which the app was used. Methods We identified patients visiting a cardiology provider between October 2019 and May 2020. We measured usability from patients and providers using the Mobile App Rating Scale. From the 8 items of the Mobile App Rating Scale, we reported the average score (out of 5) for domains of functionality, esthetics, and overall quality. We administered a 3-item questionnaire to patients relating to their perceived usefulness of the app and a separate 3-item questionnaire to providers to measure their perceived usefulness of the app. We performed a chart review to track the occurrence of AC within 6 months of the index visit. We also audio recorded a subset of the encounters to identify evidence of shared decision-making. Results We facilitated shared decision-making visits for 37 patients visiting 13 providers. In terms of usability, patients’ average ratings of functionality, esthetics, and overall quality were 4.51 (SD 0.61), 4.26 (SD 0.51), and 4.24 (SD 0.89), respectively. In terms of usefulness, 41% (15/37) of patients agreed that the app improved their knowledge regarding AC, and 62% (23/37) agreed that the app helped clarify to their provider their preferences regarding AC. Among providers, 79% (27/34) agreed that the app helped clarify their patients’ preferences, 82% (28/34) agreed that the app saved them time, and 59% (20/34) agreed that the app helped their patients make decisions about AC. In addition, 32% (12/37) of patients started AC after their shared decision-making visits. We audio recorded 25 encounters. Of these, 84% (21/25) included the mention of AC for AF, 44% (11/25) included the discussion of multiple options for AC, 72% (18/25) included a provider recommendation for AC, and 48% (12/25) included the evidence of patient involvement in the discussion. Conclusions Patients and providers rated the app with high usability and perceived usefulness. Moreover, one-third of the patients began AC, and approximately 50% (12/25) of the encounters showed evidence of patient involvement in decision-making. In the future, we plan to study the effect of the app on a larger sample and with a controlled study design. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04118270; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04118270 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-21986
Application of closed kinematic chain exercises with eccentric and strength exercises for the shoulder injuries prevention in student rock climbers: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE The aim of this work to determine the influence of a program containing exercises in a closed kinematic chain, eccentric and strength exercises on injuries of students - rock climbers. METHODS Participants in this study were 84 male amateur climbing students, aged 18-19, 40 athletes were in the intervention group and 44 in the control group. In the intervention group, the program for the injuries prevention has been stalled. The program included exercises that are performed in a closed kinematic chain in combination with exercises that are performed in eccentric mode and strength exercises. We determined the Incidence rate ratio and confidence intervals. The Incidence rate ratio was determined by the by Fisher exact test. RESULTS The significant influence of the developed program on the reduction of injuries among the athletes of the intervention group was revealed. Injury rate per 1000 AEs recorded of all shoulder injuries in the control group was 3.182, in the intervention group was 0.5, P < 0.001. The incidence rate ratio for mild shoulder injuries was 0.861 (0.737; 1.007). The incidence rate ratio for moderate shoulder injuries was 0.862 (0.751; 0.990; P = 0.039). The incidence rate ratio for severe shoulder injuries was 0.864 (0.768; 0.971; P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The use of exercises in a closed kinematic chain and exercises in an eccentric mode reduces the Incidence rate ratio of shoulders among students - amateur climbers. The incidence rate ratio decreases in the intervention group for mild, moderate, and severe shoulder injuries.
Occupational stereotypes in the construction industry

An investigation of occupational stereotypes in the construction industry provides insights into the perceptions and expectations which different occupational groups have of each other. The results are valuable in the reduction of uncertainty, misunderstanding and conflict within construction projects and do not support the widely held view of institutionalized confrontational relationships. Instead, there appears to be a natural degree of goodwill underlying interpersonal relationships although it is delicate, precarious and easily destroyed by insensitive managerial practices.
Exploring Malaysian Tertiary Students’ Behavioural, Cognitive, Emotional and Social Engagement and Disengagement in ODL

Learning engagement is a determinant for success across any learning mode, putting emphasis on the quality of the students’ participation in their own academic journey. However, this is an especially daunting challenge for open and distance learning (ODL). This is further exacerbated when the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the sudden shift to ODL mode, putting students in academic situations that they are unaccustomed to. To examine whether the engagement of tertiary-level students in Malaysia is affected by the change in learning mode, this research aims to identify indicators that make them engage as well as disengage during ODL lessons. A survey instrument known as Learner-EngagementTechnology (LET), was used to measure the level of engagement and disengagement in four categories each, namely behavioural, cognitive, emotional and social aspects. Responses from 129 undergraduates in a public higher learning institution in Malaysia were analysed. The descriptive analysis revealed that the students do engage more than disengage, albeit at a moderate level. The highest indicators of engagement and disengagement however were different. This research is part of an ongoing study and the results can help inform various stakeholders (e.g. lecturers, administrators, policy makers) of the possible causes of engagement and disengagement during ODL classes, so that a more comprehensive and decisive approach can be taken to improve the overall ODL experience for the students.
Efficiency of the planetary gear hybrid powertrain

Abstract The planetary gear hybrid powertrain (PGHP) is known as one of the most efficient configurations for hybrid electric vehicles. The system controls the speed and torque of each component so that it can produce adequate input and output speeds for the optimal operation of the total system. In this paper, the system mechanism is analysed to understand the relation between the input and output speeds. In addition, the transmission efficiency is expressed as a function of three parameters based on the calculation of the net output power. The characteristics of the transmission system showed a large difference from those of a conventional CVT. The speed ratio was the key parameter that affected the efficiency. Furthermore, the performances of the electric motor and generator were decisive factors owing to the loss in the energy conversion. In a simulation on an urban driving schedule, the optimal operation of the engine was able to be obtained, and the system showed an improvement of 2.2 per cent in fuel economy.
Evaluation of particles on a Si wafer before and after cleaning using a new laser particle counter

A new method has been developed to measure particle sizes of nanometer (nm) order on raw Si wafers by using a light-scattering method. Heretofore, we proposed a new measuring method that can theoretically detect a particle diameter of about 6 nm for particles on a raw Si wafer. A new apparatus measuring particle sizes was constructed according to the developed method. Then, it was verified that this measuring system could measure the particle size with a detection sensitivity of about 24nm. Particle detection on the surface of raw Si wafers was carried out with this measuring system; therefore it could detect a signal corresponding to a particle diameter of about 24/spl sim/34 nm. Moreover washing of the Si wafer by the wet cleaning method was attempted to verify the measured signal as a particle. Consequently, it was verified that detected particles on the raw Si wafer are almost particles adhering on the Si wafer. Then it could be verified that the wet cleaning method is an effective method to remove particles of less than 0.1 /spl mu/m diameter on a Si wafer surface.
WORK-ENERGY ANALYSIS OF ICE SKATERS UNDER PROGRESSIVE CONDITIONS OF FATIGUE

The bioe&anical wifestations of fatigw in the kckey skating stride have thus far been documented by Warino and Potvin (1989) on a gross Pechanical level . Their results sbov tbat decreases in skating velocity are due to slower rates of movements caused by charqer in skatiq nechanics. Specifically, decraased mments of force and decreased powr output at the Lnee , and decreased mhu energy output a t the thigh and the lower leg were attributable to the decrements in the skatiq mecchdnics. This study further clarifies chdqes cccurrinq with fatigue by identifyiq energy deterioration in specific segments as well as variations in tbe ability to pssively exchange energies both within and betaen segments. This seqment by segment mechanical energy analysis has been used often i n gait ana! yses (Cavaqna,Saitene L Hargaria, 1963 , Pierqnowski , Winter ard Norm , 1980 1, running analyses (Cavagna, Saitene i arqaria 1964 , William L Cavanagh, 1983 ), and mre recently in the analysis of cross country skiinq ( Norman, Caldwell L. bd 1985 ). Results yield wcbanical efficiency valws for the ~ovenent patterns thus give a basis for inproviq segmental aecbanics.
BEBAN PAJAK TANGGUHAN, LEVERAGE, ASIMETRI INFORMASI TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of deferred tax expense, leverage, and information assimilation on earnings management. This study uses secondary data with a population of companies registered in the Consumer Goods Industrial Sector Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period. The method used to determine the sample using purposive sampling. It consists of 18 manufacturing companies in the Consumer Goods industry with 90 samples. The analytical method used is descriptive data analysis. The results of hypothesis testing show that Deferred Tax Expenses have no effect on earnings management, Leverage has a positive effect on corporate earnings management and information assurance has no effect on corporate earningsmanagement.
Multidimensional Modulation Formats for Coherent Single- and Multi-Core Fiber-Optical Communication Systems

This thesis covers multidimensional modulation formats for coherent optical communication systems including spatial division multiplexed systems using multicore fibers. The single-mode optical signal has four dimensions which are spanned by the two orthogonal polarizations and the in-phase and quadrature components. By optimizing modulation formats in the four-dimensional (4D) signal space, formats with increased asymptotic power efficiency and/or spectral efficiency can be found. In this thesis, a range of 4D modulation formats are studied and several experimental realizations of different 4D formats are presented. This thesis also includes modulation formats with higher dimensionality. Two different experimental realizations of biorthogonal modulation in eight dimensions are presented where either two consecutive timeslots or two wavelength channels are used to span the eight dimensions. In the experiments, the multidimensional formats are compared to conventional two-dimensional formats in terms of achievable transmission reach. Multicore fibers systems are also investigated in this thesis and the impact of inter-core crosstalk on quadrature phase shift keying signals is studied. Further, multidimensional modulation formats over spatial superchannels consisting of signals in several cores are explored. Experimental demonstrations of low-complexity formats capable of increased transmission reach at a small reduction in spectral efficiency are presented. This thesis also studies the impact on the achievable information rate using mutual information for different assumptions of the channel distribution in fiber-optical transmission experiments. It is shown that decoders operating in four-dimensions can achieve significant higher achievable information rates for highly nonlinear fiber channels.
A Review of Structural Health Review of Structural Health Monitoring Literature 1996-2001.

Staff members at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) produced a summary of the structural health monitoring literature in 1995. This presentation will summarize the outcome of an updated review covering the years 1996 - 2001. The updated review follows the LANL statistical pattern recognition paradigm for SHM, which addresses four topics: (1) Operational Evaluation; (2) Data Acquisition and Cleansing; (3) Feature Extraction; and (4) Statistical Modeling for Feature Discrimination. The literature has been reviewed based on how a particular study addresses these four topics. A significant observation from this review is that although there are many more SHM studies being reported, the investigators, in general, have not yet fully embraced the well-developed tools from statistical pattern recognition. As such, the discrimination procedures employed are often lacking the appropriate rigor necessary for this technology to evolve beyond demonstration problems carried out in laboratory setting.