Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source parameters and scaling relations for small earthquakes in mainland Gujarat region of Western Deccan Volcanic Province, India

Abstract The return period of large earthquakes in intraplate regions is more in comparison to the interplate regions. Also, the intraplate region is less instrumented and hence, these regions are devoid of acceleration time histories of large and great earthquakes. The mainland Gujarat region is one of such intraplate regions for which acceleration time histories are not available, however, is vulnerable for earthquakes of M ∼ 6.0. Simulation is performed in these scenarios and the prerequisite is the knowledge of source parameters and scaling laws. We analyzed the spectra of the P- and S-waves recorded by the stations of Gujarat Seismic Network for the mainland Gujarat region of western Deccan Volcanic Province, India. Additionally, we developed scaling laws based on the obtained source parameters. We analyze 177 digital records from 43 local earthquakes during the period 2007–2016 with a magnitude of Ml = 2.5–4.3, which are located in a distance range of 10–250 km, using Brune’s seismic source model (Brune 1970, 1971). According to our study, the calculated stress drop values do not vary considerably with seismic moment values and are generally between 1 and 100 bar for most of the events. Therefore, the earthquakes in this region adhere to the law of self-similarity. As widely observed for conventional earthquakes, we find an inverse relationship between seismic moment and corner frequency for these events. Based on a linear regression analysis between the assessed seismic moment (M 0) and corner frequency (fc), we developed the scaling relation M 0 f c 3 = 2.29 × 1015. Scaling relations developed here are in agreement with those developed for the nearby Kachchh region and various other seismically active areas around the world. Use of regional scaling is recommended instead of global scaling laws for better estimation of seismic hazard. The source parameters and scaling laws presented here can be used for a variety of applications in mainland Gujarat, including the assessment of seismic hazards and the development of earthquake scenarios.
The Syllable Nucleus as a Unit of Timing

The paper explores the question whether resonants preceding and following a vowel can be considered as part of the syllable nucleus. A set of monosyllabic words was studied, beginning and ending with voiced and voiceless obstruent consonants, and containing syllable nuclei of the following types: V (long and short), V+R, R+V, and R+V+R. Three speakers produced each of the 156 words five times. An analysis of the durations of the segments yields (a) that syllable nuclei consisting of V+R function as a unit with respect to the timing patterns conditioned by the voicing of the following consonant, and (b) that resonants combine with long vowels in such a way that the durational differences between syllable nuclei of the types V, V+R, and R+V are below the perceptual level (i.e., below established difference limens for duration). The evidence is considered as supportive of the assumption that timing in speech is organized with reference to major changes in manner of articulation.
Effects of multidimensional destination brand authenticity on destination brand well-being: the mediating role of self-congruence

ABSTRACT This study analyzed questionnaires from 626 Chinese tourists by using the partial least squares method to determine the effects of four dimensions of destination brand authenticity (i.e. objective, constructive, postmodern, and existential authenticity) on destination brand well-being and verify the mediating role of self-congruence. Two destination brand authenticity dimensions (i.e. postmodern and existential authenticity) improved destination brand hedonic and eudaemonic well-being through actual and ideal self-congruence while objective authenticity heightened destination brand eudaemonic well-being by ideal self-congruence; however, there are differences in the mediating role of actual and ideal self-congruence. The aforementioned findings contribute to the theory of destination brand authenticity, self-congruence, and well-being and can serve as a reference for the future development of destination brands, such as brand well-being marketing.
Physiological Characteristics to Indicate Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance of 30 Indonesian Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Accessions

Water use efficiency (WUE) is an essential subject in drought-restricted agricultures. Physiological parameters can be used to understand plant efficiencies in water usage. This research aimed to understand the physiological characteristics of 30 Indonesian sorghum accessions (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), which indicate WUE and drought tolerance. Field research was conducted at Cibinong Science Center, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) using Randomized Block Design with 30 sorghum accessions in 3 replicates. Experimental parameters included photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), stomatal conductance (GSW), photosynthetic (A) and transpiration (E) rates, and Leaf Area Index (LAI). The WUE was measured using four different approaches: instantaneous WUE (A:E), intrinsic WUE (A:GSW), and the relation between the biomass dry weight (BDW)/A and BDW/E. Based on WUE measurements, we concluded that sorghum accessions could be clustered into five groups, from the most efficient to inefficient water use. We also found that in some cases, WUE based on single leaf measurement had a positive correlation with WUE based on biomass, indicating its sufficiency in determining WUE status. The inconsistencies may be due to different sorghum physiological characteristics regarding gas exchange due to external stimuli (PPFD).
Bisector Analysis of Stokes Profiles: Effects Due to Gradients in the Physical Parameters

The asymmetry of Stokes V profiles of the spectral lines λ6301. 5 and λ6302. 5 was utilized to systematically study a sunspot observed close to the disk center. The Stokes spectra were taken with the National Solar Observatory (NSO)/High Altitude Observatory Advanced Stokes Polarimeter (ASP). The NSO low-order adaptive optics system was used to record a data set of consistently high resolution. We find the following results from this analysis: (1) a strong correlation between the center-of-gravity (COG) velocity derived from the intensity profiles with the V-profile asymmetry; (2) the amplitude asymmetry is much more sensitive to changes in the COG velocity than the area asymmetry; and (3) plotting area versus amplitude asymmetry for the entire active region results in a bimodal distribution. Different areas within the active region, such as penumbra, umbra, light bridge, and small-scale fields outside the sunspot, are clearly separated in this plot. The light bridges and the small-scale magnetic fields surrounding the observed sunspot show larger amplitude asymmetry compared to the area asymmetry, whereas the penumbra shows larger area asymmetry. In comparison, the Stokes V spectra measured in the umbra show little area and amplitude asymmetry. In this paper, we use bisector analysis of the V intensity profile as a new tool to determine the gradients in the physical parameters in a more direct way. The gradients derived from the bisector method provide further and more direct evidence for the physical picture derived from the study of the asymmetries. For light bridges we find that the data is consistent with a picture of small convective cells confined to lower layers of the atmosphere. Asymmetries in the penumbra are caused by steep vertical gradients in the Evershed velocities in combination with the gradient in the line-of-sight inclination angle, confirming the earlier observations. For small-scale fields, the picture is consistent with the canopy effect. We also compare the average velocity and the magnetic field strength derived from this bisector analysis with the velocity and magnetic field strength derived from the ASP inversion and find excellent agreement between these independent methods. Apart from these asymmetries, we also observe extremely asymmetric V profiles, such as one-lobed profiles and multiple reversals, mostly at the edges of the limb-side penumbra. In these regions, we also find differences in the V profiles of λ6301. 5 and λ6302. 5 that suggest steep gradients in the physical parameters. The asymmetries derived from a single scan match well with the ones derived from the time-averaged properties obtained by averaging 14 such scans separated by 7.5 minutes. This suggests that, in a statistical sense, the Stokes V asymmetries do not vary with time and describe a global/general property of magnetic features found in regions such as light bridge, umbra, penumbra, and small-scale fields.
Ambipolar organic field-effect transistors based on a low band gap semiconductor with balanced hole and electron mobilities

The authors have demonstrated the thin-film properties and the ambipolar transport of a delocalized singlet biradical hydrocarbon with two phenalenyl radical moieties (Ph2-IDPL). The organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on Ph2-IDPL exhibit ambipolar transport with balanced hole and electron mobilities in the order of 10−3cm2∕Vs. The Ph2-IDPL film is an organic semiconductor with a low band gap of 0.8eV and has small injection barriers from gold electrodes to both the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-like inverter using two identical Ph2-IDPL based ambipolar OFETs shows a sharp inversion of the input voltage with high gain.
Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion as a Predictors of Psychological Well-Bing

The current study aims to know the Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion as a Predictors of Psychological Well-Bing. The study sample consisted of 150 males and females (75 females, 75 males) and their age ranged between (25 to 45) years with a standard deviation of (37±7) years. The average education (8-15) was (12.7±2.6) years. The research tools were the five facet mindfulness Questionnaire, Neff self- compassion scale, and Ryff well-bing Scale. The results of the statistical analysis of the data revealed a positive relationship between mindfulness, self – compassion and well-Bing. Regression analysis showed that model consist of (Mindfulness and Self – compassion) predicted the psychological well-Bing significantly.
The Association Between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this systematic study was to discover a connection between temporomandibular joint disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. A systematic review of observational studies on post-traumatic stress disorder and the incidence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) was conducted. Electronic searches of PubMed, the Saudi Digital Library, Science Direct, the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scopus, Web of Science, Sage, EBSCO Information Services, and Ovid were performed. There was a consensus among the reviewing examiners. Only studies with the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were included: "Posttraumatic stress disorder" combined with "temporomandibular joint disorder," "myofascial pain," "orofacial pain," "internal derangement," "disc displacement with reduction," or "disc displacement without reduction. " Only full-text studies in the English language published between 2010 and June 2020 were considered. Of a total of 381 articles meeting the initial screening criteria, only eight were included in the qualitative analysis. Overall, pain is exacerbated in patients with PTSD; that is, their TMD is heightened in all aspects of pain, chronicity, decreased response to conventional therapies, and the need for more potent treatment options as compared with patients with just TMD. The evidence, albeit weak, obtained from the studies included in this review suggests a relationship between PTSD and TMDs.
Evidence that filament fracture occurs in an ITER toroidal field conductor after cyclic Lorentz force loading in SULTAN

We analyzed the ITER TFEU5 cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) after the full SULTAN conductor qualification test in order to explore whether Lorentz force induced strand movement inside the CICC produces any fracture of the brittle Nb3Sn filaments. Metallographic image analysis was used to quantify the change in void fraction of each sub-cable (petal); strands move in the direction of the Lorentz force, increasing the void space on the low force side of the CICC and producing a densification on the high force side. Adjacent strand counting shows that local increases in void space result in lower local strand–strand support. Extensive metallographic sampling unambiguously confirms that Nb3Sn filament fracture occurred in the TFEU5 CICC, but the filament fracture was highly localized to strand sections with high local curvature (likely produced during cabling, where strands are pivoted around each other). More than 95% of the straighter strand sections were free of filament cracks, while less than 60% of the bent strand sections were crack free. The high concentration of filament fractures on the tensile side of the strand–strand pivot points indicates that these pivot points are responsible for the vast majority of filament fracture. Much lower crack densities were observed in CICC sections extracted from a lower, gradient-field region of the SULTAN-tested cable. We conclude that localized filament fracture is induced by high Lorentz forces during SULTAN testing of this prototype toroidal field CICC and that the strand sections with the most damage are located at the petal corners of the high field zone.
High pressure crystalline phase formation during nanoindentation: Amorphous versus crystalline silicon

Phase transformations induced by indentation at different unloading rates have been studied in crystalline and amorphous silicon via Raman microspectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Unloading was performed at a “slow” rate of ∼0.9mN∕s which is known to create volumes of high pressure phases (Si-III and Si-XII) in crystalline silicon as well as “rapid” unloading (∼1000mN∕s), where amorphous phases are expected. Stark differences between the resulting structures are observed depending on whether the starting material is amorphous or crystalline silicon. Interestingly, amorphous silicon transforms to high pressure phases much more readily than crystalline silicon even after rapid unloading.
SUB-THRESHOLD AUTISTIC TRAITS AS PREDICTOR OF EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE AND MOOD STATES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Features of autism are prevalent not only in diagnosed patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but in the general population also with fewer severities (Gokcen et al., 2014). The present research intended to find out the role of subthreshold autistic traits (SATs) on experiential avoidance and mood states of university students. A sample of (N = 201) undergraduate university students (Mage = 21.77; SDage =1.64; 84.1% women; 14.9% men) was recruited using convenient sampling technique. Urdu versions of Autism Quotient (AQ; Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II; Bond et al., 2011) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988) were administered to the participants as measures of autistic traits, experiential avoidance and mood states respectively. Results of linear regression revealed total score of AQ as a significant predictor of AAQ and Negative Affect subscale of PANAS. Hierarchical regression analysis further depicted that two of the subscales of AQ i.e. imagination and social skills significantly predicted positive and negative affect respectively. Mediation analysis using PROCESS demonstrated that experiential avoidance fully mediated the relationship between imagination and positive affect while partially mediated the association between social skills and negative affect. Results are discussed with a focus on early identification and intervention strategies to mitigate the adverse impact of experiential avoidance and negative mood on mental health of individuals with higher level of autistic features. Keywords: Subthreshold Autistic Traits, Experiential Avoidance, Hierarchical regression, Intervention strategies, Mental Health
Fatigue Induced Damage Zone Underneath the Electrodes in Bulk Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics

We have determined the fatigue induced damage zone underneath the electrodes in bulk lead zirconate titanate ceramics by polishing off the fatigued electrodes. The results show that removal of material to different depths from the electrode yields different degrees of recovery of device properties depending on the cycle number. The results suggest that fatigue behavior is related to the diffusion of silver electrode, microcracks and trapped charge defects in the damage zones.
Associated Factors with Vaccination among Girls Aged between (11) and (13) against Papillomaviruses in Koumpentoum Health District (Senegal)

Introduction: Cervical cancer can be prevented by early vaccination of young people against papillomaviruses and screening for precancerous le-sions. After a successful pilot phase, vaccination coverage in the generaliza-tion phase is low. The aim of this study was to determine papillomavirus vaccination coverage and to identify associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from (1 st ) to (31 th ) September (2020) in Koumpentoum district. After a literature review, we conducted two-stage cluster sampling and direct structured interviews. Socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers or guardians about papillomaviruses vaccination were collected us-ing a standardized questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used to es-timate odds ratios. Results: A total of (228) mothers or guardians were interviewed. Coverage for the first dose was (44.74%) CI 95% (38.17 - 51.44) com-pared to (25.88%) CI 95% (19.52 - 31.17) for the second dose. Factors statistically and significantly associated with coverage of the first dose of papillomaviruses vaccine were instruction of mothers or guardians (OR =
Composition of fine‐grained sediment in the Hikurangi Trough: Evidence for intermingling among axial gravity flows, transverse gravity flows and margin‐parallel ocean currents

The International Ocean Discovery Program cored five sites during Expeditions 372 and 375 to investigate the Hikurangi margin, offshore Poverty Bay, North Island, New Zealand. Trench‐wedge deposits were recovered at Site U1520, and the frontal accretionary prism was cored at Site U1518. Based on X‐ray diffraction analyses of the clay‐sized fraction, illite and smectite are the dominant clay minerals. Compositional scatter is unusually large, and a well‐defined mixing trend is evident between illite‐rich and smectite‐rich end members. The proportion of smectite ranges from 9 to 59 wt. % at Site U1518 and from 12 to 62 wt. % at Site U1520. Nearby slope deposits at Sites U1517 and U1519 are more homogeneous, with consistently higher proportions of smectite. The East Cape Current is probably responsible for transporting smectite‐rich suspensions towards the south‐west from sources that include the Taupo Volcanic Zone. Illite‐rich muds require different sources and different routing paths to the trench. Some suspended sediment probably originated in the Waipaoa watershed on the North Island, entering the trench via Māhia Canyon. Other gravity flows probably started in Kaikōura Canyon or Cook Strait and moved towards the north‐east, down the trench's axial channel. The influence of turbidity currents on clay composition changes with water depth, as do the effects of reworking by contour currents and the role of passive hemipelagic settling. The broad continuum of clay compositions in the trench is enhanced by variable amounts of mixing among multiple ocean currents and fluctuating durations of suspension within a bottom nepheloid layer. That complexity deviates from the paradigm of turbidite‐dominated trench wedges. The margin's compositional diversity also complicates the goal of predicting or modelling three‐dimensional variations in frictional, geotechnical and hydrogeological properties. Those lithological properties are important because they affect slope stability along strike and changes in fault‐slip behaviour along the subduction interface.
Triple solutions for a nonlocal functional boundary value problem by leggett–williams theorem

The existence of triple solutions for a second-order nonlocal functional boundary value problem is proved by using a fixed-point theorem on cones in Banach spaces due to Leggett and Williams. The obtained results are new even in the ordinary case for three-point boundary value problems discussed quite recently in [Xiaoming He and Weigao Ge (2002). Triple solutions for second-order three-point boundary value problems. J. Math. Anal. Appl. , 268, 256–265].
How public attention affects stock returns: based on the responses of Chinese listed tourism companies during COVID-19

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly shocked the Chinese economy. Due to its contagiousness and health risks, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the tourism industry when the government established controls such as lockdowns and restrictions on the movement of people. We built a balanced panel data of all listed Chinese A-share tourism companies from January 20, 2020, to April 26, 2020, and we used an POLS model for empirical regressions to explore the impact of public attention about COVID-19 information on tourism companies’ stock returns. The results show that public attention, reading, commenting, and retweeting of COVID-19 information tended to influence investors’ psychological expectations and sentiment, leading to negative investor evaluations of tourism companies’ stock prices, which may eventually make tourism companies’ stock returns undervalued in the short run.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A GENDERED PERSPECTIVE

The goal of self-esteem is to cultivate positive feelings and thoughts about oneself throughout life. Self-esteem, in its simplest form, is a person's opinion and evaluation of themselves, which can be positive or negative, good or bad, and enjoyable or painful. The present study was carried out to measure the association between self-esteem and academic performance among the university going adolescents of South Punjab (Dera Ghazi Khan). The purpose was also to measure gender differences between the study variables. A total of 84 participants (41 female students and 43 male students) were included in the study and selected through the purposive sampling technique. To measure the academic performance of students, their CGPA was used while Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale was used to assess their self-esteem. T-test analysis was used to explore the gender differences among the study variables. Pearson Product Moment Correlational Analysis was used to measure the association between self-esteem and academic performance. The results demonstrated significantly positive correlation between self-esteem and academic performance. In addition, gender differences were found in terms of self-esteem as female participants had high self-esteem as compared to their male counterparts. However, gender differences were found to be insignificant in terms of academic performance. More studies, on larger samples are needed to make the results generalizable on general population. In addition, academic institutes must hire psychologists in order to ensure a support system to the students who suffer with low self-esteem. This would eventually have a positive impact on their academic performance as well. Keywords: Self-esteem, Academic Performance, Gender Differences