Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiencing violence and abnormal personality development in adolescents

: In the literature on the subject and in clinical practice, the issue of personality disorders in children and adolescents appears more and more often, which so far has been discussed only in the context of adults, possibly recognizing their early symptoms in late adolescence. Studies show that behavioural patterns and developmental paths, manifesting themselves at different times and in different situations, can be symptoms of abnormal personality development. One of the most important sources of abnormal personality development is seen in victimization experiences. The aim of the study was therefore to establish the relationship between the experience of trauma and the symptoms of abnormal personality development in adolescence. The study involved 65 people aged 15–18 years (28 boys and 37 girls) in two study groups: (1) a clinical group – people at risk of maladjustment and socially maladjusted and (2) a control group – randomly selected high school students. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) (Hamby, Finkelhor, Turner, Kracke, 2011) was used in the Polish adaptation (Makaruk, Włodarczyk, Wojcik, 2013) and the CBCL (The Child Behavior Checklist; Achenbach & Rescorla) in the Polish adaptation by T. Wolańczyk (2001). As a result of the conducted research, it has been shown that there are significant differences between the clinical group and the control group in terms of symptoms of antisocial, narcissistic, borderline and schizoid personality disorders. On the other hand, the differences between
Social Factors Enhancing Students’ Positive Attitudes toward Entrepreneurial Intention: An Exploratory Study

Entrepreneurship intention amongst students had become a major debate since the 2000s when university students were encouraged to create their own employment instead of being employed. Students’ attitude toward entrepreneurship intention is influenced by social factors, namely subjective norm and role model. Although this relationship has been extensively studied, the role of social factors as an important determinant is less discussed in the entrepreneurship education research literature. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between social factors and students’ positive attitudes toward entrepreneurial intention. A survey method was employed to collect data from economic and business students at a Malaysian public research university. The outcomes of the analysis revealed that social factors act as an important determinant of students’ positive attitudes toward entrepreneurial intention in an organization.
Nest site selection of the Magpie Pica pica sericea in Beijing of China

Nest building and nest site selection of the Black-billed magpie Pica pica sericea were studied in Beijing, China, during 2004–2006. A total of 814 Magpie nests have been checked and measured. The results showed that the first nest building occurred at the end of December, but most pairs started in February. Mostly, a new nest was built for each nesting attempt; sometimes an old nest was renovated. Magpies mobbed potential predators very intensively during the breeding season, especially congeners. Magpies build nests in strong and tall trees (51% of all nests in Populus sp.). If there is no suitable tree for building, they also build their nests on man-made constructions, such as telegraph poles, water towers, etc. Nests were always located in the upper part of the crown, domed and with one or two entrances. Four types of habitat were identified in this study: urban residential area, urban park, suburban area, and exurb. Analysis of the factors that may affect nest site selection in different habitats indicated that the height of the nesting tree was the most important one. From the outer exurb to the city centre, with the increasing number of people and cars, the height of the trees Magpies chose for nesting increased accordingly. Magpies can find enough food and face less preda tion pressure in the urban area, which enables them to breed successfully in the urban environment of Beijing. Magpie, Pica pica , nest site selection, principal component analysis, breeding, Beijing.
Research on the Shock Wave Overpressure Peak Measurement Method Based on Equilateral Ternary Array

The measurement process of ground shock wave overpressure is influenced by complex field conditions, leading to notable errors in peak measurements. This study introduces a novel pressure measurement model that utilizes the Rankine−Hugoniot relation and an equilateral ternary array. The research delves into examining the influence of three key parameters (array size, shock wave incidence angle, and velocity) on the precision of pressure measurement through detailed simulations. The accuracy is compared with that of a dual-sensor array under the same conditions. Static explosion tests were conducted using bare charges of 0.3 kg and 3 kg TNT to verify the numerical simulation results. The findings indicate that the equilateral ternary array shock wave pressure measurement method demonstrates a strong anti-interference capability. It effectively reduces the peak overpressure error measured directly by the shock wave pressure sensor from 17.73% to 1.25% in the test environment. Furthermore, this method allows for velocity-based measurement of shock wave overpressure peaks in all propagation direction, with a maximum measurement error of 3.59% for shock wave overpressure peaks ≤ 9.08 MPa.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES: JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND JOB SATISFACTION ON TURNOVER INTENTIONS

This paper presents a study that determined the relationship of job characteristics and job satisfaction and turnover intentions and examined the contribution of demographic variables, job characteristics and job satisfaction on turnover intentions. The sample consisted of 292 IT staff in Telecom Malaysia (TM). The results hypothesized that job satisfaction and job characteristic factors are negatively and significantly related to turnover intention. The study found that demographic variables, job characteristics and job satisfaction had a significant contribution and negative effect on turnover intentions. The study revealed that job satisfaction accounted for larger variance in turnover intentions than from job characteristics. The finding also revealed that job satisfaction had more effect on turnover intentions than from job characteristics. Findings and implications for managerial practices in the study are discussed and put forward
Clinical evaluation and treatment outcomes of caustic ingestion injuries in Syrian pediatric patients: A retrospective study: Short title: High-dose steroids for pediatric caustic ingestions in Syria

Introduction: Accidental ingestion of caustic agents poses a significant concern in pediatric emergency departments globally. It is a growing public health concern in low-to-middle income countries, which often lack comprehensive data reporting. This study examines high doses of corticosteroid treatment outcomes of caustic ingestion injuries in Syrian pediatric patients, addressing clinical features, and associated variables. Methods and materials: A retrospective observational study was conducted at University Pediatric Hospital from January 2016 to January 2019. Medical records were reviewed for patients aged <10 years with esophagoscopy-confirmed grade IIa, IIb, or III burns. Data collected included sociodemographics, esophagoscopy results, treatment details, and outcomes. Results: Among 114 pediatric patients, 76 (67%) were males and 38 (33%) were females. Age groups included <1 year (11%), 1–3 years (39%), 3–5 years (29%), 5–7 years (11%), and >7 years (11%). Alkaline burns accounted for 54% of injuries, acidic for 32%, and other substances for 13%. Complications included bleeding (19%) and psychomotor disability (7%). The most common burn site was the entire esophagus (62%), with 81% having grade II burns. Healing was achieved in 71% of patients with high doses of corticosteroids treatment, and 29% required dilation, with final 92% healing rate. Conclusion: The use of corticosteroids for esophageal strictures remains inconclusive, demanding further robust research with larger sample sizes and control groups. While our study revealed that high doses of corticosteroids treatment followed by esophageal dilation had a 92% success rate. However, our study demonstrates promising results, methodological limitations and absence of a control group underscore the need for more definitive evidence. Both alkali and acidic ingestion contribute to stricture development.
Production of Secondary Organic Aerosol During Aging of Biomass Burning Smoke From Fresh Fuels and Its Relationship to VOC Precursors

After smoke from burning biomass is emitted into the atmosphere, chemical and physical processes change the composition and amount of organic aerosol present in the aged, diluted plume. During the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment, we performed smog‐chamber experiments to investigate formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and multiphase oxidation of primary organic aerosol (POA). We simulated atmospheric aging of diluted smoke from a variety of biomass fuels while measuring particle composition using high‐resolution aerosol mass spectrometry. We quantified SOA formation using a tracer ion for low‐volatility POA as a reference standard (akin to a naturally occurring internal standard). These smoke aging experiments revealed variable organic aerosol (OA) enhancements, even for smoke from similar fuels and aging mechanisms. This variable OA enhancement correlated well with measured differences in the amounts of emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that could subsequently be oxidized to form SOA. For some aging experiments, we were able to predict the SOA production to within a factor of 2 using a fuel‐specific VOC emission inventory that was scaled by burn‐specific toluene measurements. For fires of coniferous fuels that were dominated by needle burning, volatile biogenic compounds were the dominant precursor class. For wiregrass fires, furans were the dominant SOA precursors. We used a POA tracer ion to calculate the amount of mass lost due to gas‐phase oxidation and subsequent volatilization of semivolatile POA. Less than 5% of the POA mass was lost via multiphase oxidation‐driven evaporation during up to 2 hr of equivalent atmospheric oxidation.
Bismaleimide and cyanate ester based sequential interpenetrating polymer networks for high temperature application

Bismaleimide and Cyanate Ester Based Sequential Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for High Temperature Application Xing Geng Giuseppe R. Palmese, Ph.D. A research area of high activity in connection with aerospace engineering has been the development of polymer thermosetting resins that can resist temperature as high as 300°C while maintaining adequate toughness, and providing ease of processing to enable low temperature and low cost composite fabrication methods. In order to meet such requirements, sequential interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on bismaleimide (BMI) and cyanate ester (CE) monomers were investigated. In these systems, a polycyanurate network is first formed in the presence of BMI and appropriate reactive diluent monomers and in a second step, a network based on the BMI is created in the presence of a fully formed polycyanurate network. The materials developed can be processed at relatively low temperature (<150°C) and with the aid of electron beam (EB) curing. Of major importance to the success of this work was the identification of a reactive diluent that improves ease of processing and has tailored reactivity to allow for the controlled synthesis of CE-BMI sequential IPNs. Based on solubility and reactivity of a number of reactive diluents, N-acryloylmorpholine (AMP) was selected as a comonomer for BMI copolymerization. A donor-acceptor reaction mechanism was suggested to explain the relative reactivity of a variety of reactive diluents towards maleimide functionality. The optimum processing parameters for the formation of the first network were determined through the study of metal catalyzed cure and hydrolysis
Appraisal of universal health insurance and maternal health services utilization: pre- and post-context of the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional implementation in Indonesia

Introduction The Indonesian government introduced universal health insurance through the National Social Security System (JKN) in 2014 to enhance overall healthcare. This study compares maternal health care (MHC) service utilization before and after JKN implementation in Indonesia. Method Using 2012 and 2017 data from Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), we conducted a two-period cross-sectional design study following the Anderson model. We assessed how the JKN policy and population characteristics influenced healthcare utilization for women aged 15–49 who had given birth in the last 5 years. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of the JKN policy and related factors. Result In two waves of Indonesia DHS with 14,782 and 15,021 subjects, this study observed a significant increase in maternal healthcare service utilization post-JKN implementation. Women were more likely to have at least four antenatal care visits (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.17), receive skilled antenatal care (AOR = 1.49), obtain skilled birth assistance (AOR = 1.96), and access facility-based delivery (AOR = 2.45) compared with pre-JKN implementation. Conclusion This study revealed a significant positive impact of JKN on enhancing MHS utilization. The introduction of universal health insurance coverage likely reduced financial barriers for specific demographics, resulting in increased service utilization. Our study may offer valuable insights for Asian countries with similar demographics and health insurance implementations.
Evidence that Recent Warming is Reducing Upper Colorado River Flows

AbstractThe upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) is one of the primary sources of water for the western United States, and increasing temperatures likely will elevate the risk of reduced water supply in the basin. Although variability in water-year precipitation explains more of the variability in water-year UCRB streamflow than water-year UCRB temperature, since the late 1980s, increases in temperature in the UCRB have caused a substantial reduction in UCRB runoff efficiency (the ratio of streamflow to precipitation). These reductions in flow because of increasing temperatures are the largest documented temperature-related reductions since record keeping began. Increases in UCRB temperature over the past three decades have resulted in a mean UCRB water-year streamflow departure of −1306 million m3 (or −7% of mean water-year streamflow). Additionally, warm-season (April through September) temperature has had a larger effect on variability in water-year UCRB streamflow than the cool-season (October through Ma.
Learning Autoencoder Diffusion Models of Pedestrian Group Relationships for Multimodal Trajectory Prediction

Pedestrian trajectory prediction is crucial for enabling dynamic obstacle avoidance in social robots. Variational autoencoders (VAEs) have shown potential in predicting multimodal distributions of future pedestrian trajectories. However, standards VAE struggle to generate accurate future trajectories, and existing prediction methods often overlook the relationships between pedestrian groups. This article introduces a novel prediction model, called the learning autoencoder diffusion model (LADM) of pedestrian group relationships for multimodal trajectory prediction, which takes into account pedestrian group relationships, enhancing the accuracy of multimodal distribution trajectory prediction. In the LADM framework, each pedestrian is assigned to their most probable group through a learning process, and the interaction relationships between pedestrians and groups are determined using a pedestrian–group interaction module (PGIM). To improve the quality of generated future trajectory distributions, we propose the autoencoder diffusion model (DM); the VAE functions as a generator and a DM acts as a refiner. We evaluate our proposed method on two public datasets (ETH and UCY) and compare it with state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing methods in terms of average displacement error (ADE) and final displacement error (FDE) metrics.
Hydrological Behavior of Peat- and Coir-Based Substrates and Their Effect on Begonia Growth

The physical–hydraulic properties of eight substrate mixtures based on sphagnum peat and coir were determined and their effect on the growth of Begonia xelatior was studied. The particle size distribution, water retention curve, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and pore size distribution of the substrates were determined. All substrates exhibited high total porosity, satisfactory water retention capacity, and high saturated hydraulic conductivity. Increasing the percentage of perlite in the mixtures contributed to the reduction of water retention capacity and the increase of large pores. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity estimated by the Mualem–van Genuchten model showed a sharp decrease within a range of water pressure heads (0 to −50 cm) observed between two successive irrigations. To assess aeration and water retention capacity, total porosity; airspace; and easily, and nonavailable water, as well as the bulk density of the substrates, were determined and concomitantly compared with the “ideal substrates” determined by De Boodt and Verdonck. The comparative results showed that substrate porosity alone is not efficient to create ideal plant growth conditions, but dynamic parameters are also needed. Plants grown in a substrate classified as “nonideal” showed significantly greater growth than the plants grown in most of the other substrates studied.
Dynamics of Carbon and Soil Enzyme Activities under Arabica Coffee Intercropped with Brachiaria decumbens in the Brazilian Cerrado

The change in land use in the Brazilian Cerrado modifies the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) and, consequently, carbon (C) stocks and their fractions and soil enzyme activities. This study evaluated the effect of brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) intercropped with Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) on the stock and fractions of soil carbon and enzyme activities. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications and treatments in a factorial design. The first factor consisted of coffee with or without intercropped brachiaria, the second of Arabica coffee cultivars (‘I.P.R.103’ and ‘I.P.R.99’) and the third factor of the point of soil sampling (under the canopy (UC) and in inter-rows (I)). Soil was sampled in layers of 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–60 and 60–80 cm. Soil from the 0–10 cm layer was also used to analyze enzymatic activity. Significant effects of coffee intercropped with brachiaria were confirmed for particulate organic carbon (POC), with highest contents in the 0–10 and 20–30 cm layers (9.62 and 6.48 g kg−1, respectively), and for soil enzymes (280.83 and 180.3 μg p-nitrophenol g−1 for arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase, respectively).
Impacts of Antecedent Soil moisture on the Rainfall–Runoff Transformation Process Based on High-Resolution Observations in Soil Tank Experiments

An experimental soil tank (12 m long × 1.5 m wide × 1.5m deep) equipped with a spatially distributed instrument network was designed to conduct the artificial rainfall–runoff experiments. Soil moisture (SM), precipitation, surface runoff (SR) and subsurface runoff (SSR) were continuously monitored. A total of 32 rainfall–runoff events were analyzed to investigate the non-linear patterns of rainfall–runoff response and estimate the impact of antecedent soil moisture (ASM) on runoff formation. Results suggested that ASM had a significant impact on runoff at this plot scale, and a moisture threshold-like value which was close to field capacity existed in the relationship between soil water content and event-based runoff coefficient (φe), SSR and SSR/SR. A non-linear relationship between antecedent soil moisture index (ASI) that represented the initial storage capacity of the soil tank and total runoff was also observed. Response times of SR and SM to rainfall showed a marked variability under different conditions. Under wet conditions, SM at 10 cm started to increase prior to SR on average, whereas it responds slower than SR under dry conditions due to the effect of water repellency. The predominant contributor to SR generation for all events is the Hortonian overland flow (HOF). There is a hysteretic behavior between subsurface runoff flow and soil moisture with a switch in the hysteretic loop direction based on the wetness conditions prior to the event.
On the Role of Dust‐Deposited Lithogenic Particles for Iron Cycling in the Tropical and Subtropical Atlantic

Lithogenic material deposited as dust is one of the major sources of trace metals to the ocean, particularly in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic. On the other hand, it can also act as a scavenging surface for iron. Here we studied this double role of lithogenic material in the marine iron cycle by adding a new scheme for describing particle dynamics into a global biogeochemistry and ecosystem model including particle aggregation and disaggregation of two particle size classes and scavenging on both organic and lithogenic particles. Considering the additional scavenging of iron on lithogenic particles, the modeled dissolved iron concentration is reduced significantly in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, bringing the model much closer to observations. This underlines the necessity to consider the double role of dust particles as iron source and sink in studies on the marine iron cycle in high dust regions and with changing dust fluxes.
Beyond Classical Observations in Hydrogeology: The Advantages of Including Exchange Flux, Temperature, Tracer Concentration, Residence Time, and Soil Moisture Observations in Groundwater Model Calibration

Traditionally, groundwater and surface water flow models have been calibrated against two observation types: hydraulic heads and surface water discharge. It has repeatedly been demonstrated, however, that these classical observations do not contain sufficient information to calibrate flow models. To reduce the predictive uncertainty of flow models, the consideration of other observation types constitutes a promising way forward. Despite the ever‐increasing availability of other observation types, however, they are still unconventional when it comes to flow model calibration. By reviewing studies that included nonclassical observations in flow model calibration, benefits and challenges associated with their integration in flow model calibration were identified, and their information content was analyzed. While explicit simulation of mass transport processes in flow models poses challenges, even simplified approaches to integrate tracer concentrations yield significantly better calibration results than using only classical observations. For a majority of calibrated flow models, observations of tracer concentrations and of exchange fluxes were beneficial. Temperature observations improved the simulation of heat transport but often worsened all other model outcomes. Only when temperature observations were made within 2 m of the surface water‐groundwater interface did they have the potential to also improve flow and mass transport simulations. Surprisingly, many models were calibrated manually rather than with the widely available, mathematically robust and automated tools. There is a clear need for more systematic implementation of unconventional observations and automated flow model calibration as well as for more systematic quantification of the information content of unconventional observations.