Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structurally Constrained Correlation Transfer for Zero-shot Learning

Given a set of labeled data with semantic descriptions, zero-shot learning aims at recognizing objects from unseen classes, where no instances of the classes are used during training. Most existing methods solve this problem via embedding images and labels into an embedding space and computing similarity across different information sources. However, the similarity calculation could be unreliable when the training and testing data distributions are inconsistent. In this paper, we propose a novel zero-shot learning model that forms a neighborhood-preserving structure in the semantic embedding space and utilize it to predict classifiers for unseen classes. By constructing a locally connected graph for class embeddings, we exploit the structural constraint of embeddings of similar classes and retain the global structure in the semantic embedding space to obtain an effective representation of semantic information. Experiment results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method generates effective semantic representations and out-performs state-of-the-art methods.
Computational methods for design and control of MEMS micromanipulator arrays

As improvements in fabrication technology for microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS, increase the availability and diversity of these micromachines, engineers are defining a growing number of tasks to which they can be put. The idea of carrying out tasks using large coordinated groups of MEMS units motivates the development of automated, algorithmic methods for designing and controlling these groups of devices. We report on progress towards computational MEMS, taking on the challenge of design and control of massively parallel arrays of microactuators. Arrays of MEMS devices can move and position tiny parts, such as integrated circuit chips, in flexible and predictable ways by oscillatory or ciliary action. The theory of programmable force fields can model this action, leading to algorithms for various types of micromanipulation that require no sensing of where the part is. Experiments support the theory.
Violent Video Classification Based on Spatial-Temporal Cues Using Deep Learning

The rapid development of Internet technology brings convenience to our life and also brings various hidden dangers. Violent video is one of the hidden dangers. Therefore, this paper proposes a P3D-LSTM recognition method based on multi-feature fusion for violent video recognition. In this paper, starting from video's static image, frame difference image and optical flow feature, the neural network for extracting corresponding features is constructed respectively, and then late fusion method is adopted to fuse the features or decision scores to obtain video classification labels. Finally, the experiment is carried out on two public databases and self-built violent database. As far as the recognition accuracy is concerned, this method has certain application prospect in classify violent video.
Comparative analysis of tumor spheroid generation techniques for differential in vitro drug toxicity

Multicellular tumor spheroids are powerful in vitro models to perform preclinical chemosensitivity assays. We compare different methodologies to generate tumor spheroids in terms of resultant spheroid morphology, cellular arrangement and chemosensitivity. We used two cancer cell lines (MCF7 and OVCAR8) to generate spheroids using i) hanging drop array plates; ii) liquid overlay on ultra-low attachment plates; iii) liquid overlay on ultra-low attachment plates with rotating mixing (nutator plates). Analysis of spheroid morphometry indicated that cellular compaction was increased in spheroids generated on nutator and hanging drop array plates. Collagen staining also indicated higher compaction and remodeling in tumor spheroids on nutator and hanging drop arrays compared to conventional liquid overlay. Consequently, spheroids generated on nutator or hanging drop plates had increased chemoresistance to cisplatin treatment (20-60% viability) compared to spheroids on ultra low attachment plates (10-20% viability). Lastly, we used a mathematical model to demonstrate minimal changes in oxygen and cisplatin diffusion within experimentally generated spheroids. Our results demonstrate that in vitro methods of tumor spheroid generation result in varied cellular arrangement and chemosensitivity.
Investigation of the Properties of Non-gypsy Suppressor of Hairy-wing-Binding Sites

Insulators define interactions between transcriptional control elements in eukaryotic genomes. The gypsy insulator found in the gypsy retrovirus binds the zinc-finger Suppressor of Hairy-wing [Su(Hw)] protein that associates with hundreds of non-gypsy regions throughout the Drosophila genome. Models of insulator function predict that the gypsy insulator forms chromatin loop domains through interactions with endogenous Su(Hw) insulators (SIs) to limit the action of transcriptional control elements. Here we study SI 62D and show that interactions occur between two SI 62D elements, but not between SI 62D and the gypsy insulator, limiting the scope of genomic gypsy insulator interactions. Enhancer blocking by SI 62D requires fewer Su(Hw)-binding sites than needed for gypsy insulator function, with these target regions having distinct zinc-finger requirements for in vivo Su(Hw) association. These observations led to an investigation of the role of the Su(Hw) zinc-finger domain in insulator function. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we find that this domain makes sequence-dependent and -independent contributions to in vivo chromosome association, but is not essential for enhancer or silencer blocking. These studies extend our understanding of the properties of Su(Hw) and the endogenous genomic regions to which this protein localizes.
Tissue‐ and development‐dependent expression of the small GTPase Arf6 in mice

The small GTPase Arf6 is a member of the Arf (ADP‐ribosylation factor) family. Although the function of Arf6 has been heavily studied at the cellular level, its physiological function at the whole animal level is largely unknown. In this study, we examined both the tissue distribution and developmental timing of Arf6 expression in wild type mice to obtain valuable information to speculate on the physiological function of Arf6. Western blot analysis using anti‐Arf6 antibody revealed that Arf6 was ubiquitously expressed with its developmental timing differing in a tissue‐specific manner. These results were supported by Arf6 mRNA in situ hybridization experiments, which showed that Arf6 was highly expressed in the polarized epithelial cells and embryonic mesenchymal cells of most tissues in a temporally dependent manner. Taken in toto, our results suggest that the expression of Arf6 in mouse tissues is precisely regulated in a development‐ and tissue‐dependent manner. Developmental Dynamics 239:3416–3435, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
rac-2,3-Dibromopropionamide

The racemic title compound, C3H5Br2NO, was crystallized from methanol. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the c-axis direction. These chains are linked through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming an undulating two-dimensional network lying parallel to the bc plane. There are also short Br⋯Br contacts present [3.514 (3) Å].
Jointly Distributed Mean and Mixing Coefficients for Bayesian Source Separation using MCMC and ICM

Recent source separation work has described a model which assumes a nonzero overall mean and incorporates prior knowledge regarding it. This is significant because source separation models that have previously been presented, have assumed that the overall mean is zero. However, this work specified that the prior distribution which quantifies available prior knowledge regarding the overall mean be independent of the mixing coefficient matrix. The current paper, generalizes this work by quantifying available prior information regarding the overall mean and mixing matrix with the use of joint prior distributions. This prior knowledge in the prior distri- butions is incorporated into the inferences along with the current data. Conjugate normal, and generalized conjugate normal distributions are used. Algorithms for estimating the parameters of the model from the joint posterior distribution are derived and they are determined statistically from the posterior distribution using both Gibbs sampling a Markov chain Monte Carlo method and the iterated conditional modes algorithm a deterministic optimization technique for marginal mean and maximum a posterior estimates respectively.
Trust and economic growth: a robustness analysis

This paper analyses the robustness of results on the relationship between growth and trust previously derived by Knack and Keefer (1997) and Zak and Knack (2001) along several dimensions, acknowledging the complexity of the concept of robustness. Our results show that the Knack and Keefer results are only limitedly robust, whereas the results found by Zak and Knack are highly robust in terms of significance of the estimated coefficients and reasonably robust in terms of the estimated effect size. The improvement in robustness is caused by the inclusion of countries with relatively low scores on trust (most notably, the Philippines and Peru). Overall, our results point at a relatively important role for trust. However, the answer to the question how large this payoff actually is depends on the set of conditioning variables controlled for in the regression analysis and--to an even larger extent--on the underlying sample. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
TOWARDS A PROCESS MODEL OF NASA ’ S SPACE SCIENCE INNOVATION SYSTEM

This paper proposes a descriptive epoch-shock-based conceptualization of NASA’s space science innovation system. The model is based on four retrospective longitudinal studies of technology innovation at NASA, one of which is presented in detail in this paper. While the innovation process is certainly complex and circuitous, the epoch-shock conceptualization identifies common patterns across drastically different innovations. This lays the groundwork for linking the observed behaviors to the institutional routines and incentive structures that generate them. While the evidence in this paper is primarily from NASA, and specifically the space science directorate at GSFC, our observations agree with cases in other domains in most respects but the uniqueness of our context allows us to extend their theory in several interesting ways.
An Animal Model of Acute and Chronic Chagas Disease With the Reticulotropic Y Strain of Trypanosoma cruzi That Depicts the Multifunctionality and Dysfunctionality of T Cells

Chagas disease (ChD), a complex and persistent parasitosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, represents a natural model of chronic infection, in which some people exhibit cardiac or digestive complications that can result in death 20–40 years after the initial infection. Nonetheless, due to unknown mechanisms, some T. cruzi-infected individuals remain asymptomatic throughout their lives. Actually, no vaccine is available to prevent ChD, and treatments for chronic ChD patients are controversial. Chronically T. cruzi-infected individuals exhibit a deterioration of T cell function, an exhaustion state characterized by poor cytokine production and increased inhibitory receptor co-expression, suggesting that these changes are potentially related to ChD progression. Moreover, an effective anti-parasitic treatment appears to reverse this state and improve the T cell response. Taking into account these findings, the functionality state of T cells might provide a potential correlate of protection to detect individuals who will or will not develop the severe forms of ChD. Consequently, we investigated the T cell response, analyzed by flow cytometry with two multicolor immunofluorescence panels, to assess cytokines/cytotoxic molecules and the expression of inhibitory receptors, in a murine model of acute (10 and 30 days) and chronic (100 and 260 days) ChD, characterized by parasite persistence for up to 260 days post-infection and moderate inflammation of the colon and liver of T. cruzi-infected mice. Acute ChD induced a high antigen-specific multifunctional T cell response by producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, granzyme B, and perforin; and a high frequency of T cells co-expressed 2B4, CD160, CTLA-4, and PD-1. In contrast, chronically infected mice with moderate inflammatory infiltrate in liver tissue exhibited monofunctional antigen-specific cells, high cytotoxic activity (granzyme B and perforin), and elevated levels of inhibitory receptors (predominantly CTLA-4 and PD-1) co-expressed on T cells. Taken together, these data support our previous results showing that similar to humans, the T. cruzi persistence in mice promotes the dysfunctionality of T cells, and these changes might correlate with ChD progression. Thus, these results constitute a model that will facilitate an in-depth search for immune markers and correlates of protection, as well as long-term studies of new immunotherapy strategies for ChD.
Automatic non-linear mapping of pre-procedure CT volumes to 3D ultrasound

Multi-modality alignment of CT and ultrasound adds value to diagnostic examinations, as well as treatment planning and execution of various clinical procedures. Particularly automatic image-based alignment of such data is challenging, mostly because both modalities have very different imaging physics and characteristics. We present a method for dense-field deformable registration of CT and 3D ultrasound. Compared to global (rigid) alignment, this is more difficult to solve, because modality-specific difference in local anatomic appearance can result in incorrect displacements. We use a simulation of ultrasonic effects based on CT information, taking the current estimate of the deformation field into account to properly address orientation-dependent imaging artifacts. This is combined with a robust multi-channel local similarity metric, driving a variational registration framework. Because of the high computational demand, an efficient GPU-based implementation is used. Preliminary results are shown on data from a number of hepatic cancer patients. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a non-linear mapping of CT and 3D B-mode ultrasound is established in a computationally practical and fully automatic manner.
Nevirapine resistance by timing of HIV type 1 infection in infants treated with single-dose nevirapine.

BACKGROUND In women, single-dose nevirapine for prophylaxis against mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) selects for nevirapine-resistant HIV-1, which subsequently decays rapidly. We hypothesized that the selection, acquisition, and decay of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 differs in infants, varying by the timing of HIV-1 infection. METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational study of 740 Mozambican infants receiving single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis and determined the timing of infection and concentrations of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 over time. RESULTS Infants with established in utero infection had a high rate (87.0%) of selection of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 mutants, which rapidly decayed to undetectable levels. The few without nevirapine resistance received zidovudine with single-dose nevirapine and/or their mothers took alternative antiretroviral drugs. Infants with acute in utero infection had a lower rate of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 (33.3%; P = .006, compared with established in utero infection), but mutants persisted over time. Infants with peripartum infection also had a lower rate of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 (38.1%; P = .001, compared with established in utero infection) but often acquired 100% mutant virus that persisted over time (P = .017, compared with established in utero infection). CONCLUSIONS The detection and persistence of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 in infants after single-dose nevirapine therapy vary by the timing of infection and the antiretroviral regimen. In infants with persistent high-level nevirapine-resistant HIV-1, nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy is unlikely to ever be efficacious because of concentrations in long-lived viral reservoirs. However, the absence or decay of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 in many infants suggests that nevirapine antiretroviral therapy may be effective if testing can identify these individuals.
TOBE: Tangible Out-of-Body Experience

We propose a toolkit for creating Tangible Out-of-Body Experiences: exposing the inner states of users using physiological signals such as heart rate or brain activity. Tobe can take the form of a tangible avatar displaying live physiological readings to reflect on ourselves and others. Such a toolkit could be used by researchers and designers to create a multitude of potential tangible applications, including (but not limited to) educational tools about Science Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and cognitive science, medical applications or entertainment and social experiences with one or several users or Tobes involved. Through a co-design approach, we investigated how everyday people picture their physiology and we validated the acceptability of Tobe in a scientific museum. We also give a practical example where two users relax together, with insights on how Tobe helped them to synchronize their signals and share a moment.
Non-invasive characterization of the area-at-risk using magnetic resonance imaging in chronic ischaemia.

AIMS we investigated the performance of quantitative stress perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a basis for identifying and characterizing the area-at-risk subtending a chronic coronary artery (CA) stenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS pigs underwent a percutaneous copper-coated stent implantation in the circumflex CA (n = 11) or a sham operation (n = 5). After 6 weeks, angiography and MRI were performed including cine (rest, low- and high-dose dobutamine stress), dual-bolus first-pass perfusion (rest and adenosine stress), and contrast-enhanced imaging to quantify myocardial infarction (MI). Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was quantified based on Fermi-model deconvolution and compared with microsphere measurements. On the basis of Evan's blue staining, MBF thresholds to define the area-at-risk were determined by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. CA stenosis was 94 ± 7% and infarct size (IS) 7.3 ± 3.1% of left ventricular mass. Segmental thresholds of hyperaemic MBF yielded the best performance for detecting area-at-risk. There was a good correlation between MRI and microsphere perfusion (r(2) = 0.84, P < . 0001). The area-at-risk presented a mixed substrate of non-infarcted (non-MI), <50% infarcted (MI+), and >50% infarcted (MI++) segments. MBF was reduced in at-risk vs. remote segments at rest (non-MI, 0.50 ± 0.21; MI+, 0.47 ± 0.14; MI++, 0.42 ± 0.14; remote, 0.84 ± 0.25 mL/min/g) and during stress (non-MI, 0.69 ± 0.09; MI+, 0.66 ± 0.14; MI++, 0.51 ± 0.11; remote, 1.70 ± 0.36 mL/min/g). Segmental wall thickening showed different responses to stress (remote, progressive increase during incremental stress; non-MI, increase at low-dose and discontinued at high-dose; MI+, initial increase and decrease at high-dose; MI++, progressive decrease). CONCLUSION quantitative hyperaemic perfusion MRI accurately defines segments in the area-at-risk in chronic ischaemia, which present with different functional response to stress related to segmental IS.
Enterovirus-71 Virus-Like Particles Induce the Activation and Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells through TLR4 Signaling

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes seasonal epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and has a high mortality rate among young children. We recently demonstrated potent induction of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in monkeys immunized with EV71 virus-like particles (VLPs), with a morphology resembling that of infectious EV71 virions but not containing a viral genome, which could potentially be safe as a vaccine for EV71. To elucidate the mechanisms through which EV71 VLPs induce cell-mediated immunity, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of EV71 VLPs on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), which bind to and incorporate EV71 VLPs. DC treatment with EV71 VLPs enhanced the expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, CD40, CD54, and HLA-DR on the cell surface; increased the production of interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-12 p70, and IL-10 by DCs; and suppressed the capacity of DCs for endocytosis. Treatment with EV71 VLPs also enhanced the ability of DCs to stimulate naïve T cells and induced secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ by T cells and Th1 cell responses. Neutralization with antibodies against Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 suppressed the capacity of EV71 VLPs to induce the production of IL-12 p40, IL-12 p70, and IL-10 by DCs and inhibited EV71 VLPs binding to DCs. Our study findings clarified the important role for TLR4 signaling in DCs in response to EV71 VLPs and showed that EV71 VLPs induced inhibitor of kappaB alpha (IκBα) degradation and nuclear factor of kappaB (NF-κB) activation.
Evolutionary Mining of Rule Ensembles

Ensemble rule based classification methods have been popular for a while in the machine-learning literature (Hand, 1997). Given the advent of low-cost, high-computing power, we are curious to see how far can we go by repeating some basic learning process, obtaining a variety of possible inferences, and finally basing the global classification decision on some sort of ensemble summary. Some general benefits to this idea have been observed indeed, and we are gaining wider and deeper insights on exactly why this is the case in many fronts of interest. There are many ways to approach the ensemblebuilding task. Instead of locating ensemble members independently, as in Bagging (Breiman, 1996), or with little feedback from the joint behavior of the forming ensemble, as in Boosting (see, e.g., Schapire & Singer, 1998), members can be created at random and then made subject to an evolutionary process guided by some fitness measure. Evolutionary algorithms mimic the process of natural evolution and thus involve populations of individuals (rather than a single solution iteratively improved by hill climbing or otherwise). Hence, they are naturally linked to ensemble-learning methods. Based on the long-term processing of the data and the application of suitable evolutionary operators, fitness landscapes can be designed in intuitive ways to prime the ensemble’s desired properties. Most notably, beyond the intrinsic fitness measures typically used in pure optimization processes, fitness can also be endogenous, that is, it can prime the context of each individual as well.
Non-effective medium composite right/left handed transmission lines-design and applications

We present a method to design composite right/left handed transmission lines (CRLH-TLs) that exhibit a continuous phase shift around a given frequency of 0deg degree phase shift and optimal matching within a large bandwidth. The developments are based on a Bloch wave formulation on general CRLH-TL unit cell circuits. The design method is exact based on these circuits and is therefore valid both for effective or non-effective medium CRLH-TLs, which are shown to be also relevant realizations of CRLH-TLs. In particular, the benefits of the method are demonstrated in the case of different applications such as integrated phase shifters, leaky-wave antennas and low-impedance transmission lines.