Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Civil–Military Relations and Civil War Recurrence: Security Forces in Postwar Politics

Does restructuring security forces reduce the risk of civil war recurrence? Prior research has examined effects of military integration in alleviating commitment problems, but the evidence has been inconclusive. Other aspects of civil–military relations have received less attention. This article examines the effects of civil–military relations in the context of postwar struggles to consolidate authority. It outlines three pathways through which security forces contribute to renewed civil war: by excluding rival factions and facilitating insurgent mobilization, by exploiting control over resources to challenge the regime, or by escalating incipient insurgency through repression. Analysis of original, cross-national data on postwar civil–military relations shows that reducing the potential for exclusion and exploitation through diverse officer appointments and robust civilian oversight lowers the risk of civil war. These findings emphasize the distributive effects of restructuring security forces and highlight the value of examining political contests around state institutions to understand why civil wars restart.
Epidemiology of heart failure

: Heart failure (HF) has been singled out as an epidemic and is a staggering clinical and public health problem, associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and healthcare expenditures, particularly among those aged ≥ 65 years. The case mix of HF is changing over time with a growing proportion of cases presenting with preserved ejection fraction for which there is no specific treatment. Despite progress in reducing HF-related mortality, hospitalizations for HF remain frequent and rates of readmissions continue to rise. To prevent hospitalizations, a comprehensive characterization of predictors of readmission in patients with HF is imperative and must integrate the impact of multimorbidity related to coexisting conditions. New models of patient-centered care that draw on community-based resources to support HF patients with complex coexisting conditions are needed to decrease hospitalizations. ( Circ Res . 2013;113:646-659.) Mechanisms of Altered Ca 2+ Handling in Heart Cardiac Metabolism in Heart Failure: Implications Beyond ATP Production Integrating the Myocardial Matrix Into Heart Failure Recognition and Management Adrenergic Nervous System in Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Therapy Emerging Paradigms in Cardiomyopathies Associated With Cancer Therapies Electromechanical Paradigms in Cardiomyopathies Associated With Cancer Therapies Molecular Changes After Left Ventricular Assist Device Support for Heart Failure Heart Failure Gene Therapy: The Path to Clinical Practice Cell Therapy for Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Overview of Experimental and Clinical Studies, Current Challenges, and Future Directions
Detection of residual clots after endovascular stroke therapy with dual energy CT

Poster: "ECR 2015 / B-0549 / Detection of residual clots after endovascular stroke therapy with dual energy CT" by: "A. E. Grams, M. Knoflach, J. Willeit, M. Sojer, E. R. Gizewski, B. Glodny; Innsbruck/AT"
In Vitro Effect of Putty Calcium Silicate Materials on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

New bioactive materials have been developed for retrograde root filling. These materials come into contact with vital tissues and facilitate biomineralization and apical repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytocompatibility and bioactivity of two bioactive cements, Bio-C Repair (Angelus, Londrina, Pr, Brazil) and TotalFill BC RRM putty (FGK, Dentaire SA, La-Chaux-de-fonds, Switzerland). The biological properties in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) that were exposed to Bio-C Repair and TotalFill BC RRM putty were studied. Cell viability, migration, and cell adhesion were analyzed. Moreover, qPCR and mineralization assay were performed to evaluate the bioactivity potential of these cements. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey test (p < 0.05). It was observed that cell viability and cell migration in Bio-C Repair and TotalFill BC RRM putty were similar to the control without statistically significant differences, except at 72 h when TotalFill BC RRM putty was slightly lower (p < 0.05). Excellent cell adhesion and morphology were observed with both Bio-C Repair and TotalFill BC RRM putty. Both cements promoted the osteo- and cementogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. These results suggest that Bio-C Repair and TotalFill BC RRM putty are biologically appropriate materials to be used as retrograde obturation material.
Trabectome Patient Selection, Preparation, Technique, Management, and Outcomes

Touch MEdical MEdia 103 Ab interno trabeculectomy with the Trabectome® (NeoMedix , Tustin, CA, US) is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) modality that increases conventional outflow over 6 clock hours through a single incision. The tip of the Trabectome handpiece generates plasma that ionizes and ablates the trabecular meshwork (TM), a mechanism that is fundamentally different from cautery. The primary mode of action is enhancement of conventional outflow along the physiologic route and in this regard is similar to TM bypass microstents, which produce a more segmentally limited outflow. The growing prevalence of glaucoma, along with increasing longevity and the desire to maintain physical, social, and occupational fitness, underscores the need for effective and well-tolerated glaucoma surgeries. Trabeculectomies and tube shunts, while effective, are associated with serious risks that amounted to 74 % of trabeculectomies and 27 % of tubes needing manipulation. Thirty-nine percent of trabeculectomies had early and 38 % had late vision-threatening complications (total of 77 %) compared with tube shunts with 22 % early and 36 % (total of 58 %) experiencing vision-threatening complications during 5 years follow up. Other patient populations and surgeons have reported more favorable results, but these studies were not nonrandomized controlled. As MIGS are standardized with predictable surgeon factors, they can be well combined with cataract surgery and allow implantation of advanced intraocular lenses.
Oral health and bisphopshonate-associated jaw osteonecrosis

(i) Declaration. (iii) Preface. (iv) Acknowledgements. (v) List of Tables. (xii) List of Figures. (xiiii) List of Abbreviations. (xv) Units and Measures. (xx) 1 Literature Review. 1 1.1 Bone. 1 1.1.1 Bone structure. 1 1.1.2 Bone composition. 1 1.1.3 Bone cells in remodelling. 1 1.1. 4 Bone physiology. 3 1.1. 5 Bone turnover markers. 5 1.1. 5.1 Bone turnover markers in malignancy. 10 1.1. 6 The maxilla and mandible. 10 1.1. 6.1 Formation of the maxilla and mandible. 10 1.1. 6.2 Healing in the maxilla and mandible 11 1.1. 6.3 Bone turnover in the maxilla and mandible 11 1.2 Bisphosphonates. 12 1.2.1 Chemistry. 12 1.2.2 Cellular effects of bisphosphonates. 15 1.2.2.1 Biochemical mechanisms of action. 15 1.2.2. 2 Actions of bisphosphonates on osteoclasts. 16 1.2.2.3 Actions of bisphosphonates on osteoblasts. 18 1.2.2.4 Actions of bisphosphonates on osteocytes. 19 1.2.2.5 Actions of bisphosphonates on immune cells. 19 1.2.2.5.1 Non-nitrogenous bisphosphonates and inflammation. 19 1.2.2.5. 2 NBPs and inflammation in vitro models. 20 1.2.2.5. 3 NBPs and inflammation in vivo models. 20 1.2.2.5. 4 NBPs and histadine decarboxylase. 21 1.2.2.6 Actions of bisphosphonates on angiogenesis. 27 1.2.2.7 Actions of bisphosphonates on tumour cells. 28 1.2.3 Pharmacokinetics of bisphosphonates. 28 1.2.4 Clinical indications for bisphosphonates. 29 1.2.4.1 Bisphosphonates in malignant bone disease. 29 1.2.4.2 Bisphosphonates in non-malignant bone disease. 30 1.2.4.2.1 Post-menopausal osteoporosis and alveolar bone. 31 1.2.5 Side-effects of bisphosphonates. 32 1.2.5.1 Dental development. 33 1.3 Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). 33 1.3. 1 Case series of ONJ. 35 1.3. 2 Longitudinal studies of participants receiving bisphosphonates. 36
Effect of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Intra Articular Injection in Management of Patients with Internal Derangement of TMJ Using CT Guided Puncture versus Conventional Technique

Purpose: To evaluate effect of PRGF intra articular injection in patients with internal derangement of TMJ using CT guided versus conventional puncture technique. Materials and methods: Twenty patients with internal derangement without improvement by conservative treatment were divided into two groups: Group I: ten patients underwent arthrocentesis followed by PRGF injection using conventional puncture by anatomical landmarks. Group II: ten patients underwent arthrocentesis followed by PRGF injection using landmark and confirmed by CT. All patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1week, 3 and 6 months for pain level, maximum interincisal opening, lateral, protrusive movements, joint tenderness and disk position with MRI after 6 months. Results: In both groups, all clinical variables showed statistical significant discrepancy postoperatively, the discrepancy between both groups was not statistically significant and MRI showed no statistical significant change in disc position. Conclusion: CT confirmed accurate position and depth within TMJ upper compartment in different views, allowed correction with less puncture trials and decreased learning curve of TMJ puncture but it is expensive, time consuming and not available in clinics. Anatomical landmarks is easy and representable method for TMJ puncture but blind technique and needs skill. Single injection of PRGF found efficient in the treatment of internal derangement of TMJ.
An Exploratory Study of Managers’ Perceptions ofMillennials in the Workplace and the Introduction ofWorkplace Initiatives to Retain Millennials

The modern workplace can have up to four generations working together but recent literature has shone a bright light on one generation in particular - Millennials. Despite the fact that there is a multitude of research already in existence on this topic, a gap in the literature was identified around manager’s specific perceptions of Millennials in the workplace. It was also highlighted that Millennial staff turnover rates are rising and retention initiatives need to be put in place to counteract this. This research aims to explore manager’s perceptions of Millennials in the workplace while discovering their opinions on the introduction of workplace retention initiatives. The findings presented in the research revealed an insight into managers perceptions of this generation in the workplace and their opinions of the use of retention initiatives. The findings strengthen the existing literature in relation to how managers perceive Millennials in the workplace while revealing mixed reviews on how retention initiatives aimed at reducing Millennial staff turnover rates are perceived.
Multiscale network characterization of the strength and robustness of trabecular bone

Author(s): Nguyen, Chantal | Advisor(s): Carlson, Jean | Abstract: Trabecular bone is a flexible, lightweight bone tissue that exhibits hierarchical mechanisms of fracture resistance across scales. At the mesoscale, trabecular bone resembles a web of interconnected bone struts (trabeculae) that erode with age and diseases such as osteoporosis, resulting in increased fracture propensity. Recent ex vivo bone experiments have indicated that the traditional diagnostic marker of osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD), correlates poorly with bone strength when used as a sole predictor, but that it can explain much of the variation in bone strength when considered in conjunction with architectural features.We introduce a novel approach to modeling trabecular bone that combines network analysis with simulations of mechanical loading and failure, enabling a unique characterization of how bone architecture contributes to robustness and resilience. Network science has been applied to a vast range of systems across biology and soft condensed matter physics, among many other fields, but has rarely been applied to the study of bone. Exploiting the disordered network resemblance of bone, we generate network models from tomographic images of real human vertebral bone. We simulate loading and deformation on finite element models in which edges are replaced by beams, resulting in a considerable reduction in computation time in comparison with fine-grained models used for in silico validation. The beam-element analysis facilitates direct comparison of mechanics and topology at multiple scales ranging from that of individual edges (beams) to the network as a whole.To assess how variation in architecture impacts mechanical response, we also develop networked structures simulated via multi-objective topology optimization. We maximize a weighted combination of biologically motivated objectives: stiffness, surface area, and stability. By modulating the weights of the objectives, we analyze how tradeoffs in these quantities produce topologies of varying strength and robustness. Finally, we discuss implications of our work in the context of clinical application, facilitated by advances in data acquisition methods for assessing fine tissue structure, and we highlight future directions for integrating our results into a comprehensive characterization of bone that links its molecular constituents at the nanoscale to its architecture at large.
DETERMINANTS OF ISLAMIC BANKING PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN MALAYSIA (2007 TO 2016)

performance. Methodology: The methodology being used to analysis are an ordinary least square model (OLS) and fixed-effect model. The analysis was conducted in Malaysia for a period of 10 years from 2007 to2016. 10 Islamic banks in Malaysia were chosen to be tested for its performance. The study examines internal factors such as bank size, capital adequacy, liquidity, credit risk, and expense management and external factors such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation effect on Islamic Bank’s performance in terms of return on asset and return on equity. Result: The findings showed that only capital adequacy and inflation significantly affect the Islamic bank’s performance. However, bank size, liquidity, credit risk, expense management, and Gross Domestic Product were found to be insignificantly affecting the Islamic bank’s performance. The analysis was carried out by applying ordinary least square model (OLS) regression and fixed-effect model. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the Determinants of Islamic Banking Performance: An Empirical Study in Malaysia is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Using Data from Randomized Trials to Assess the Likely Generalizability of Educational Treatment-Effect Estimates from Regression Discontinuity Designs

Abstract This article assesses the likely generalizability of educational treatment-effect estimates from regression discontinuity designs (RDDs) when treatment assignment is based on academic pretest scores. Our assessment uses data on outcome and pretest measures from six educational experiments, ranging from preschool through high school, to estimate RDD generalization bias. We then compare those estimates (reported as standardized effect sizes) with the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standard for acceptable bias size (≤ 0.05 for two target populations, one spanning a half–standard deviation pretest-score range and another spanning a full–standard deviation pretest-score range. Our results meet this standard for all 18 study/outcome/pretest scenarios examined given the narrower target population, and for 15 scenarios given the broader target population. Fortunately, two of the three exceptions represent pronounced “ceiling effects” that can be identified empirically, making it possible to avoid unwarranted RDD generalizations, and the third exception is very close to the WWC standard.
Changes in the spawning habitat of two small pelagic fish in the Northwestern Mediterranean

32 We investigated the effects of three sea surface oceanographic variables (temperature, 33 salinity and chlorophyll a) on the abundance of eggs and larvae of two summer-spawning 34 species in the NW Mediterranean sea, the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and the round 35 sardinella Sardinella aurita, based on data from ichthyoplankton surveys carried out in the 36 1980s, 2000s and 2010s. The environmental data showed an increase in sea water 37 temperature and salinity along time, coupled with a decrease in chlorophyll a (proxy for 38 primary production). These long-term directional changes in environmental conditions helped 39 explain the important reduction observed in the abundance of eggs and larvae of anchovy, as 40 well as shrinking of spawning habitat in this species. At the same time, the probability of 41 occurrence of round sardinella has increased from practically zero in the 1980s to 42 probabilities near 1 along the coastal area of the study region in the two decades of the 21 43 century. Given that the trends observed in the environmental variables along the three 44 decades of study are expected to continue during the 21 century, as a consequence of 45 climate change, the spawning habitat of anchovy is expected to continue decreasing, while 46 round sardinella habitat can expand. Considering that anchovy is of high commercial 47 importance in NW Mediterranean fisheries, while round sardinella has very low commercial 48 interest, our results show that the viability of small pelagic fisheries in the area may be 49 compromised. 50 51
Origins of the Opioid Crisis and its Enduring Impacts

Overdose deaths involving opioids have increased dramatically since the 1990s, leading to the worst drug overdose epidemic in U.S. history, but there is limited empirical evidence about the initial causes. In this article, we examine the role of the 1996 introduction and marketing of OxyContin as a potential leading cause of the opioid crisis. We leverage cross-state variation in exposure to OxyContin's introduction due to a state policy that substantially limited the drug's early entry and marketing in select states. Recently unsealed court documents involving Purdue Pharma show that state-based triplicate prescription programs posed a major obstacle to sales of OxyContin and suggest that less marketing was targeted to states with these programs. We find that OxyContin distribution was more than 50% lower in "triplicate states" in the years after the drug's launch. Although triplicate states had higher rates of overdose deaths prior to 1996, this relationship flipped shortly after the launch and triplicate states saw substantially slower growth in overdose deaths, continuing even 20 years after OxyContin's introduction. Our results show that the introduction and marketing of OxyContin explain a substantial share of overdose deaths over the past two decades.
URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENTS AT KASTURBA MEDICAL COLLEGE TEACHING HOSPITAL, MANIPAL, INDIA

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection observed in diabetic patients. We have evaluated urine samples from one hundred diabetic patients suspected of having UTI. All urine samples were processed in the laboratory following standard laboratory protocol. Occurrence of UTI in diabetic patients was found to be 37% and it was more common in diabetic females (43%) than males (30%), with the predominant age group of 41-50 years. The most common organism isolated was Esherichia coli (56.75%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (38%), Proteus mirabilis (5.4%) and Citrobacter species (2.7%). On performing antibiotic sensitivity testing, Amikacin was found to be the most effective antimicrobial while Ampicillin remained the least effective agent against the isolated urinary pathogens.
Making sense of the sharing economy: a business model innovation perspective

ABSTRACT The emergence of a sharing revolution is leading to a new societal system of collaboration enabled by digital technologies. Although sharing-based initiatives are re-shaping established organisational practices and innovating traditional business models (BMs), existing research fails in grasping the phenomenon's multiple facets. This study aims at making sense of the Sharing Economy (SE) by shedding light on how startups embed the social trend of sharing and leverage digital technologies to develop innovative BMs. We attempt to solve the current theory-practice misalignment by proposing an original framework, definition, and classification of SE startups. The study presents a cluster analysis on 196 SE startups. We argue that SE startups group into five clusters: (i) pseudo-sharing; (ii) gig economy; (iii) crowd-based economy; (iv) pooling economy; and (v) P2P rental. This study contributes to positioning the SE from both a conceptual and an empirical perspective, interpreting the SE phenomenon from the theoretical lenses of BM Innovation, and classifying it through the unit of analysis of startups, intended as empirical vehicles and manifestation of the phenomenon.
Determinants of Islamic entrepreneurial intentions: an analysis using SEM

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that affect Islamic entrepreneurial intentions. Specifically, how do prior experience, empathy, moral obligation, self-efficacy and perceived behavioral support affect entrepreneurial intentions based on Islamic principles? Design/methodology/approach To answer this question, three theoretical frameworks using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the theory of bounded rational planned behavior (TBRPB) and the theory of social entrepreneurship as its basis were established. Using measurement scales created to assess different aspects of the constructs, a survey instrument was developed to test the various relationships implied by those frameworks. Findings The findings of the study revealed that among the five factors prior experience and self-efficacy are the most important factors to affect Islamic entrepreneurial intentions. Research limitations/implications From a research perspective, the study results establish the robustness of the TPB, TBRPB and the social entrepreneurial intention model for helping to explain Islamic entrepreneurial intention behavior. Practical implications The practical implications of these results suggest that efforts aimed at increasing Islamic entrepreneurial activity may want to consider the variables studied in this paper. Both interested policymakers and academics cherishing to encourage Islamic, as well as conventional entrepreneurial activity, can take away that Islamic entrepreneurial self-efficacy and prior experience are deemed to be the most important measures. Social implications The findings from this paper suggest that the organizations could tend to promote Islamic entrepreneurial intentions in society through a special emphasis on the antecedents discussed in this paper. Originality/value It is vital to keep in mind that the measure for Islamic entrepreneurial self-efficacy used in this study differed from the usual constructs for self-efficacy.