Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Superiority of the LM Test in a Class of Models Where the Wald Test Performs Poorly; Including Nonlinear Regression, ARMA, GARCH, and Unobserved Components

In models having a representation e β γ + • = ) , ( x g y the standard Wald test for ˆ β has systematically wrong size in finite samples when the identifying parameter γ is small relative to its estimation error; Nelson and Startz (2007). Here we study the LM test based on linearization of (.) g which may be interpreted as an approximation to the exact test of Fieller (1954) for a ratio of regression coefficients, or as a reduced form test which is exact when g(.) is linear. We show that this test has nearly correct size in non-linear regression, ARMA, GARCH, and Unobserved Components models when the Wald test performs poorly.
The Duration of Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD) Determines the Effects of Subsequent Reperfusion on Rat Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cells and Primary Cortical Neurons

Reperfusion is the fundamental treatment for ischaemic stroke; however, many ischaemic stroke patients cannot undergo reperfusion treatment. Furthermore, reperfusion can cause ischaemic reperfusion injuries. This study aimed to determine the effects of reperfusion in an in vitro ischaemic stroke model—oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) (0.3% O2)—with rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and cortical neurons. In PC12 cells, OGD resulted in a time-dependent increase in cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and reduction in MTT activity from 2 h onwards. Reperfusion following shorter periods (4 and 6 h) of OGD recovered apoptotic PC12 cells, whereas after 12 h, OGD increased LDH release. In primary neurons, 6 h OGD led to significant increase in cytotoxicity, reduction in MTT activity and dendritic MAP2 staining. Reperfusion following 6 h OGD increased the cytotoxicity. HIF-1a was stabilised by 4 and 6 h OGD in PC12 cells and 2 h OGD onwards in primary neurons. A panel of hypoxic genes were upregulated by the OGD treatments depending on the duration. In conclusion, the duration of OGD determines the mitochondrial activity, cell viability, HIF-1a stabilization, and hypoxic gene expression in both cell types. Reperfusion following OGD of short duration is neuroprotective, whereas OGD of long duration is cytotoxic.
Conspiracy theories: why they are believed and how they can be challenged

ABSTRACT The current study aimed: (i) to identify personal characteristics associated with endorsing conspiracy theories; and (ii) to investigate methods for dispelling conspiracy beliefs. Participants were shown a single conspiracy theory and they also completed questionnaires about their reasoning skills, types of information processing (System 1 vs. System 2), endorsement of paranormal beliefs, locus of control and pattern perception. To challenge the endorsement of the conspiracy, participants read either: (i) neutral information; (ii) a critical analysis of the vignette; (iii) a critical analysis of the vignette with discussion of realistic consequences; or (iv) a critical analysis of the vignette with “feeling of control” priming. Only addressing the consequences of the conspiracy theory decreased its endorsement. Furthermore, only type of information processing and belief in paranormal phenomena, were associated with endorsement of the conspiracy. These findings are discussed in relation to previous studies and theories of conspiratorial ideation.
Radio and Submillimeter Continuum Observations of High-Redshift Galaxies

Abstract Observing galaxies in the radio and submillimeter continuum has the advantage of being unaffected by dust extinction, which is a major drawback of studying galaxy evolution using optical data. Submillimeter single-dish surveys have made tremendous progress in understanding the high-redshift dusty population, but the low angular resolution of single-dish telescopes has also hampered these studies. Our recent JCMT and SMA imaging of high-redshift submillimeter sources revealed z > 4 objects that are radio and optically faint. Such objects cannot be easily identified with the combination of submillimeter single-dish and radio imaging. We also found a large fraction of multiple objects that are blended in single-dish images. Such objects may be early-stage mergers, or dusty starbursts in group environments. Since our work, larger surveys with PdBI and ALMA have been carried out to further address these issues. Additional to submillimeter imaging, future ultradeep EVLA imaging at 20 cm can also detect large samples of ultraluminous star forming galaxies at z ≳ 2. Sensitivities in radio and submillimeter observations have different redshift and dust temperature dependencies. Radio observations are also less affected by confusion. It will be necessary to combine deep surveys in both wavebands in order to achieve a more complete picture of the evolution of high-redshift star forming galaxies.
THE FORMATION OF LARGE-AMPLITUDE FINGERS IN ATMOSPHERIC VORTICES

Large-scale low-pressure systems in the atmosphere are occasionally observed to possess Kelvin–Helmholtz fingers, and an example is shown in this paper. However, these structures are hundreds of kilometres long, so that they are necessarily affected strongly by nonlinearity. They are evidently unstable and are observed to dissipate after a few days. A model for this phenomenon is presented here, based on the usual $f$ -plane equations of meteorology, assuming an atmosphere governed by the ideal gas law. Large-amplitude perturbations are accounted for, by retaining the equations in their nonlinear forms, and these are then solved numerically using a spectral method. Finger formation is modelled as an initial perturbation to the $n$ th Fourier mode, and the numerical results show that the fingers grow in time, developing structures that depend on the particular mode. Results are presented and discussed, and are also compared with the predictions of the ${\it\beta}$ -plane theory, in which changes of the Coriolis acceleration with latitude are included. An idealized vortex in the northern hemisphere is considered, but the results are at least in qualitative agreement with an observation of such systems in the southern hemisphere.
Irrelevant changing-state vibrotactile stimuli disrupt verbal serial recall: implications for theories of interference in short-term memory

What causes interference in short-term memory? We report the novel ﬁ nding that immediate memory for visually-presented verbal items is sensitive to disruption from task-irrelevant vibrotactile stimuli. Speci ﬁ cally, short-term memory for a visual sequence is disrupted by a concurrently presented sequence of vibrations, but only when the vibrotactile sequence entails change (when the sequence “ jumps ” between the two hands). The impact on visual-verbal serial recall was similar in magnitude to that for auditory stimuli (Experiment 1). Performance of the missing item task, requiring recall of item-identity rather than item-order, was una ﬀ ected by changing-state vibrotactile stimuli (Experiment 2), as with changing-state auditory stimuli. Moreover, the predictability of the changing-state sequence did not modulate the magnitude of the e ﬀ ect, arguing against an attention-capture conceptualisation (Experiment 3). Results support the view that interference in short-term memory is produced by con ﬂ ict between incompatible, amodal serial-ordering processes (interference-by-process) rather than interference between similar representational codes (interference-by-content).
Rotational Modulation of the High Frequency Limit of Saturn Kilometric Radiation

The high frequency limit (HFL) of the Saturnian Kilometric Radiation (SKR) can probe the deepest SKR sources, closest to Saturn's ionosphere. In this study, we determined and analyzed the SKR HFL throughout the entire Cassini Saturn orbital tour. The maximum frequency of the northern SKR, whose distribution peaks at ∼625 kHz, is shifted by +100 to +200 kHz from the distribution of southern SKR HFL, consistent with the magnetic field offset toward the northern hemisphere at Saturn. The uniformly observed SKR HFL in the vicinity of Saturn suggests a broad extent and beaming of the SKR source. When the observer is confined to certain locations, the rotational modulation of the SKR HFL is clearly observed. This modulation feature of the SKR HFL is statistically established and analyzed in this study. The modulation of HFL is best observed at mid‐latitudes between 10° and 40° and at almost all local times. We perform a simulation that suggests that the modulation of HFL requires the superposition of a “clock” like and a rotating source behavior. By comparing the derived HFL modulation using different longitudes with variable and fixed rotation periods, we can exclude the existence of a magnetic anomaly that was proposed in a previous study based on the Voyager data. The calculation of the least‐square periodogram confirms that the modulation observed in HFL is similar to the ones previously detected at Saturn.
Hydrogen and air storage in salt caverns: a thermodynamic model for phase equilibrium calculations

When storing gas in a salt cavern, it occupies most of the excavated volume, but the lower part of the cavern inevitably contains residual brine, in contact with the gas. The design of hydrogen and compressed air storage in salt caverns requires to have a thermodynamic model able to accurately predict both phase properties such as densities, and phase equilibrium (gas solubility and water content of the vapour phase). This work proposes a parameterization of the e-PPC-SAFT equation of state in this context. Experimental data of pure components and mixtures of light gas + pure water and light gas + salted water are reviewed and used to fit pure component parameters for hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and the brine, and binary interaction parameters between H2, O2, N2 + water and H2, O2, N2 + ions (Na+ and Cl−), for temperature ranging from 273 to 473 K and salinities up to NaCl saturation (6 mol/kg). The model developed delivers good accuracy in reproducing data: the average deviation between experiments and calculated data is between 3% and 9% for gas solubility in saturated brine. More interestingly, the model has been validated on its capability to predict data not included in the parameterization database, including the composition of the vapor phase, and its extension to a mixture, such as air. Finally, it has been used in a case study of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) to evaluate the water content of the gas produced during injection-withdrawing cycles.
The Role of Genetic Mutations in Mitochondrial-Driven Cancer Growth in Selected Tumors: Breast and Gynecological Malignancies

There is an increasing understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic background of various tumors that helps us better conceptualize the pathogenesis of specific diseases. Additionally, in many cases, these molecular and cytogenetic alterations have diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic applications that are heavily used in clinical practice. Given that there is always room for improvement in cancer treatments and in cancer patient management, it is important to discover new therapeutic targets for affected individuals. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial changes in breast and gynecological (endometrial and ovarian) cancers. In addition, we review how the frequently altered genes in these diseases (BRCA1/2, HER2, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, RAS, CTNNB1, FGFR, TP53, ARID1A, and TERT) affect the mitochondria, highlighting the possible associated individual therapeutic targets. With this approach, drugs targeting mitochondrial glucose or fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA transcription, mitophagy, or cell death pathways could provide further tailored treatment.
Carbon dioxide removal to combat climate change? An expert survey on perception and support

The most recent IPCC report considers Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) as an unavoidable climate change mitigation measure, although controversial discussions about CDR have taken place in the past. This study contributes to the ongoing debate by providing insights into academic expert opinions about Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS). An online survey was conducted to examine how academic experts (N = 172) perceive and to what extent they support BECCS and DACCS. Overall, the results show rather high expert support for research on and the deployment of BECCS and DACCS. Perceived feasibility of the technologies consistently predicted support for BECCS and DACCS, with means in the upper medium range. Further significant predictors were the extent to which experts perceived the technologies to be necessary, the experts’ amount of academic experience, the associated moral hazard, and the perceived tampering with nature.
Monotonically convergent hybrid ILC for uncertain discrete-time switched systems with state delay

This paper is mainly devoted to a monotonically convergent iterative learning control (ILC) design for a class of uncertain discrete-time switched systems with state delay (UDTSDSs). By taking advantage of output error and state information, a hybrid ILC law for a class of UDTSDSs is proposed. After the ILC process is transformed into a 2D system, sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are derived by using a multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii-like functional approach and a quadratic performance function. It is shown that if certain LMIs are met, the tracking error 2-norm converges monotonically to zero along the iteration direction, while the learning gains could be determined directly by solving the LMIs. The simulation results are provided to illustrate the theoretical analysis.
Morphological plasticity in a caddisfly that co-occurs in lakes and streams

Lake and stream fauna are frequently studied, yet surprisingly little is known about ecological and evolutionary dynamics of species that inhabit both lentic and lotic habitats. There are few examples of species co-occurring in different flow types, which raises questions about how co-occurrence may influence ability to adapt to changing climatic conditions. One such co-occurring species is the aquatic insect Limnephilus externus Hagen, 1861 (Trichoptera:Limnephilidae), a species known to be widely distributed in lakes of the Nearctic and Palearctic regions. Here, we test whether lake–stream populations of the caddisfly L. externus are evolutionarily or ecologically distinct. We examined larval body and case morphology, interspecies phoretic associations, and the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene among lake and stream populations of L. externus. We also explored potential morphological differences among distinct haplotypes. We observed differences between lake and stream populations in abundance, phenology, some aspects of body and case morphology, and abdominal mite presence, indicating that lakes and streams may yield distinct ecological phenotypes for this species. We also observed distinct regional differences in caddisfly body condition and case construction sturdiness and found distinct assemblages of microinvertebrates associated with the caddisfly’s body and cases. Lake–stream L. externus did not show genetic divergence; however, 3 potentially distinct haplotypes were present across the research sites as well as in sequences from North America and Canada. Limnephilus externus appears to exhibit wide geographic range and low geographic sequence structure, which could account for the species’ large variation in phenology and morphology at the lake–stream level. Combined life history and phylogenetic studies provide valuable insight into the ecological and evolutionary dynamics that influence the adaptability of aquatic fauna to climatic change.
A Comparative Examination of the Electricity Saving Potentials of Direct Residential PV Energy Use in European Countries

The increasing global penetration of photovoltaic (PV) technology creates not only enormous opportunities for clean energy production but also poses challenges that put energy systems to the test. Although there are many ways of dealing with the rising share of PV energy, most of these solutions require substantial funding, time, and effort to implement, which highlights the importance of solving some of the issues at their source, i.e., through the direct use of the electricity generated at PV power plants, many of which are owned and operated by households. In recent decades, PV technology has experienced an unprecedented growth in Europe due to a range of reasons, including the nations’ policies and supporting schemes. The goal of the present research was to determine the annual consumption of electricity per capita in the households of certain European countries and how much of this can be covered by the direct use of PV energy in the case of an on-grid PV system and to show what the annual potential of the direct use of PV energy is compared to the annual energy production of the PV systems. The significance and novelty of this research is justified by the lack of comparative scientific studies related to the annual potential of the direct household use of PV energy, which could alleviate some of the problems facing electricity networks with high shares of PV energy. The novel practical benefit of the study was determining, for the examined European countries, the extent to which direct household PV energy use could lower annual electricity consumption from the grid, in the case of on-grid PV systems of different capacities. In addition, these findings also provide information related to the grid’s macro-energy systems in terms of local network load effects related to given investment sizes.
Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions

Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (Ep) (i.e., K0.9: 0.9 Ep; K0.5: 0.5 Ep), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (TR: open the roof vents only; TRS: open both the roof and south vents; TS: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the TRS was significantly higher than TR and TS (p < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: TR > TS > TRS. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (R0) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, R2 = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under TR, TRS and TS were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as TRS combined with K0.9.
The effects of analytical and holistic reasoning perspective on innovation and business performance, a study of state own, FDI and private company in Vietnam

Abstract This study examines the effects of analytical and holistic reasoning perspective on innovation and business performance in state owned, FDI, and private companies in Vietnam. The study was conducted on 382 companies. Data are analyzed through the use of partial least squares (PLS). The study results indicate that analytical and holistic reasoning perspective was a significant determinant of innovation and business performance. Furthermore, the analytical and holistic reasoning perspectivge impacted business performance both directly and indirectly. Thus, this study confirms the significance of an integrated approach to understanding the impacts of both direct and indirect effects of analytic and holistic reasoning perspectives on innovation and business performance in Vietnam. In addition, this study will contribute to the literature and in practice. It will help the policy maker to make good innovation and get high performance in the future. The limitations of the study will also be discussed.
The selection of boundary conditions in dynamic problems by using ABAQUS

Numerical simulation is an important method to study the structural vibration response.And artificial boundary conditions will directly affect the reliability of numerical simulation results.The numerical simulation of the wave source problem and scattering problem is done by the use of the finite element software ABAQUS.And the fixed boundary condition,the viscous boundary condition and remote artificial boundary condition are used.Numerical simulation results show that: when using a fixed boundary,the wave can't through the fixed boundary into the infinite media,it is not coincident with the regulation of the wave propagating in infinite media.Comparison of the results show that: using the viscous boundary condition can well simulate the behavior of the wave motion through artificial boundary,and the precision of results is the same with the results got by the use of remote boundary condition.
State of forest research in 2010s – a bibliographic study with special reference to Finland, Sweden and Austria

ABSTRACT Using bibliometric methods, this report analysed the volumes of global forest research and research collaboration between researchers, institutes and countries during the period 2010–2019. The keywords used in the bibliometric search resulted in a good match with the publication lists of three major Finnish forest research organisations. The final corpus of “forest” publications consisted of 355,000 articles, proceeding papers, reviews, books, book chapters and letters listed in the Web of Science database. During 2010–2019, the volume of Finnish publications in forest sciences have increased and the share of internationally collaborative papers has also grown. However, the international position of Finnish and Nordic forest research is slowly declining, owing to the modest growth in publishing, compared to fast-growing countries like China and Russia. When comparing Finnish and Swedish research organisations, those from Sweden were more internationally oriented. In both countries, the five top institutes produced more than three quarters of their country’s respective publications. Analyses based on bibliometric data used in this study reveal the status regarding publication output and trends. These analyses can provide objective evidence that is needed when developing research strategies and policies as well as allocating funding resources.
Hamiltonicity and pancyclicity of 4-connected, claw- and net-free graphs

Hamiltonicity and Pancyclicity of 4-connected, Clawand Net-free Graphs By Silke Gehrke A well-known conjecture by Manton Matthews and David Sumner states that every 4-connected K1,3 -free graph is hamiltonian. The conjecture itself is still wide open, but several special cases have been shown so far. We will show results that support that conjecture. Especially, we will show that if a graph is 4-connected and {K1,3, N}free, where N = N(i, j, k), with i + j + k = 5 and i, j, k ≥ 0, the graph is pancyclic. Hamiltonicity and Pancyclicity of 4-connected, Clawand Net-free Graphs