Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
External validation of the Glasgow coma scale-pupils in low- to middle-income country patients with traumatic brain injury: Could “motor score-pupil” have higher prognostic value?

Background: The objective of this study is to validate the admission Glasgow coma scale (GCS) associated with pupil response (GCS-P) to predict traumatic brain injury (TBI) patient’s outcomes in a low- to middle-income country and to compare its performance with that of a simplified model combining the better motor response of the GCS and the pupilar response (MS-P). Methods: This is a prospective cohort of patients with TBI in a tertiary trauma reference center in Brazil. Predictive values of the GCS, GCS-P, and MS-P were evaluated and compared for 14 day and in-hospital mortality outcomes and length of hospital stay (LHS). Results: The study enrolled 447 patients. MS-P demonstrated better discriminative ability than GCS to predict mortality (AUC 0.736 × 0.658; P < 0.001) and higher AUC than GCS-P (0.736 × 0.704, respectively; P = 0.073). For hospital mortality, MS-P demonstrated better discrimination than GCS (AUC, 0.750 × 0.682; P < 0.001) and higher AUC than GCS-P (0.750 × 0.714; P = 0.027). Both scores were good predictors of LHS (r2 = 0.084 [GCS-P] × 0.079 [GCS] × 0.072 [MS-P]). Conclusion: The predictive value of the GCS, GCS-P, and MS-P scales was demonstrated, thus contributing to its external validation in low- to middle-income country.
Fermionic mode entanglement in quantum information

We analyze fermionic modes as fundamental entities for quantum information processing. To this end we construct a density operator formalism on the underlying Fock space and demonstrate how it can be naturally and unambiguously equipped with a notion of subsystems in the absence of a global tensor product structure. We argue that any apparent similarities between fermionic modes and qubits are superficial and can only be applied in limited situations. In particular, we discuss the ambiguities that arise from different treatments of this subject. Our results are independent of the specific context of the fermionic fields as long as the canonical anti-commutation relations are satisfied, e.g., in relativistic quantum fields, or fermionic trapped ions.
Characteristics of the Protocols Used in Electrical Pulse Stimulation of Cultured Cells for Mimicking In Vivo Exercise: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

While exercise benefits a wide spectrum of diseases and affects most tissues and organs, many aspects of its underlying mechanistic effects remain unsolved. In vitro exercise, mimicking neuronal signals leading to muscle contraction in vitro, can be a valuable tool to address this issue. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched EMBASE and PubMed (from database inception to 4 February 2022) for relevant studies assessing in vitro exercise using electrical pulse stimulation to mimic exercise. Meta-analyses of mean differences and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Of 985 reports identified, 41 were eligible for analysis. We observed variability among existing protocols of in vitro exercise and heterogeneity among protocols of the same type of exercise. Our analyses showed that AMPK, Akt, IL-6, and PGC1a levels and glucose uptake increased in stimulated compared to non-stimulated cells, following the patterns of in vivo exercise, and that these effects correlated with the duration of stimulation. We conclude that in vitro exercise follows motifs of exercise in humans, allowing biological parameters, such as the aforementioned, to be valuable tools in defining the types of in vitro exercise. It might be useful in transferring obtained knowledge to human research.
Survey of Korean daycare personnel on safe sleep practices related to sudden unexplained infant death: a cross-sectional exploratory study

Purpose Safe sleep practices (SSP) are among the main strategies to reduce sleep-related sudden unexplained infant death (SUID). Daycare personnel must be knowledgeable and trained in SSP related to SUID. This study explored the experience, knowledge, and confidence regarding SSP associated with SUID of daycare personnel. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 395 staff members at 61 daycare centers to measure their experience related to SSP (10 items), related to sleep position and location, bedding materials, and other topics; knowledge of SSP (18 items); and confidence in SSP (1 item) related to SUID. Results A substantial proportion (23.6%) of respondents used the lateral or prone positions for infant sleep. On average, 4.5 bedding materials were used for infant sleep. Participants showed a lack of knowledge about SSP as indicated by a 56.6% knowledge of SSP related to SUID correct answer rate. Personnel who received SUID education were more knowledgeable and had more confidence regarding SSP than those who did not. More knowledge and confidence related to SSP were associated with better adherence to SSP. Conclusion Standard SSP guidelines should be developed based on South Korea's culture of childcare for educating both childcare professionals and parents at home.
1200-V GaN-on-Si Quasi-Vertical p-n Diodes

This work reports 1200-V quasi-vertical GaN-on-Si p-n diodes with a 6.6-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-thick high-quality GaN drift layer showing excellent static and dynamic performance. The as-fabricated GaN-on-Si p-n diode gives a high current on/off ratio of ~1010, a low ideality factor of 1.2, a low specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) of 1.3 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega \cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm2, and a high breakdown voltage (BV) of 1210 V. The p-n diode can properly operate at a high temperature of 175 °C, and the device performance can be effectively recovered after the power cycling test. A reduced dynamic on-resistance (Ron) dependence on the off-state voltage (VOFF) and on-state conduction time (TON) is observed in this p-n diode and attributed to the filling dynamics of electron traps. A normalized dynamic Ron of 0.7 is realized after switching from a VOFF stress at 1000 V. As the first 1200-V GaN-on-Si vertical power device, this cost-effective p-n diode with high performance holds a great promise for high-voltage power applications.
A Comprehensive View of Circumstellar Disks in Chamaeleon I: Infrared Excess, Accretion Signatures, and Binarity

We present a comprehensive study of disks around 81 young, low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the nearby ~2 Myr old Chamaeleon I star-forming region. We use mid-infrared photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope, supplemented by findings from ground-based high-resolution optical spectroscopy and adaptive optics imaging. We derive disk fractions of 52% ± 6% and 58% based on 8 and 24 μm color excesses, respectively, consistent with those reported for other clusters of similar age. Within the uncertainties, the disk frequency in our sample of K3-M8 objects in Cha I does not depend on stellar mass. Diskless and disk-bearing objects have similar spatial distributions. There are no obvious transition disks in our sample, implying a rapid timescale for the inner disk clearing process; however, we find two objects with weak excess at 3-8 μm and substantial excess at 24 μm, which may indicate grain growth and dust settling in the inner disk. For a subsample of 35 objects with high-resolution spectra, we investigate the connection between accretion signatures and dusty disks: in the vast majority of cases (29/35) the two are well correlated, suggesting that, on average, the timescale for gas dissipation is similar to that for clearing the inner dust disk. The exceptions are six objects for which dust disks appear to persist even though accretion has ceased or dropped below measurable levels. Adaptive optics images of 65 of our targets reveal that 17 have companions at (projected) separations of 10-80 AU. Of the five ≲20 AU binaries, four lack infrared excess, possibly indicating that a close companion leads to faster disk dispersal. The closest binary with excess is separated by ~20 AU, which sets an upper limit of ~8 AU for the outer disk radius. The overall disk frequency among stars with companions (35%) is lower than (but still statistically consistent with) the value for the total sample.
Optimization of Process Parameters for the Laser Polishing of Hardened Tool Steel

In mold making, the mold surface roughness directly affects the surface roughness of the produced part. To achieve surface roughness below 0.8 μm, the cost of surface finish is high and time-consuming. One alternative to the different grinding and polishing steps is laser polishing (LP). This study investigates and models the LP of tool steel (X38CrMoV5-1-DIN 1.2343), typical for the mold industry, having an initial rough surface obtained by electrical discharge machining. The microstructures of the re-melted layer and heat-affected zone due to the LP process were also studied. Four parameters: the laser spot size, velocity, maximum melt pool temperature and overlapping were investigated via a design of experiments (DoE) approach, specifically a factorial design. The responses were line roughness (Ra), surface roughness (Sa), and waviness (Wa). The surface topography was measured before and after the LP process by white light profilometer or confocal microscopy. DoE results showed that the selected factors interact in a complex manner, including the interactions, and depend on the responses. The DoE analysis of the results revealed that the roughness is mainly affected by the velocity, temperature and overlap. Based on a first DoE model, an optimization of the parameters was performed and allowed to find optimum parameters for the LP of the rough samples. The optimum conditions to minimize the roughness are a spot size of 0.9 mm, a velocity of 50 mm/s, a temperature of 2080 °C and an overlap of 90%. By using these parameters, the roughness could be reduced by a factor of almost 8 from 3.8 µm to approximately 0.5 µm. Observations of the microstructure reveal that the re-melted layer consists of columnar grains of residual austenite. This can be explained by the carbon intake of the electro-machined surface that helps stabilize the austenitic phase.
A cognitive mechanism for democratic norms: testing a hypothesized model of news literacy, cross-cutting discussion, and elaboration

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the cognitive process by which individuals who critically and mindfully evaluate news stories and who elaborate more on cross-cutting views will be more likely to have enhanced democratic norms. This study employs a national survey collected by the media institute of the Korean Broadcasting System in 2021. The findings of structural equation modeling (SEM) shed light on how individuals engage in cognitive mechanisms for democratic norms, indicating that those who often use news and evaluate it in a critical and mindful manner are more likely to endorse democratic norms as they often talk with cross-cutting networks and elaborate different thoughts of other discussants.
Pseudo-real multiplication and an application to Teichm\"uller curves

In this paper, we classify three-dimensional complex Abelian varieties isogenous to a product $A_1 \times A_2$, where one of the factors admits real multiplication by a real quadratic order $\mathcal{O}_D$ of discriminant $D$. We show that the moduli space $X_D^{(3)}$ of these varieties essentially is the disjoint union of certain Hilbert modular varieties $X_{\mathfrak{a}}$, each component depending on the choice of an ideal $\mathfrak{a}$ of $\mathcal{O}_D$. We give an explicit construction of these varieties. We show that the boundary of the eigenform locus for pseudo-real multiplication by an order $\mathcal{O}$ in $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D}) \oplus \mathbb{Q}$ over geometric genus zero stable curves is contained in the union of subvarieties defined by equations involving cross-ratios of projective coordinates. Moreover, restricted to certain topological types of stable curves relevant to the classification of primitive Teichm\"uller curves, we show that the boundary of the eigenform locus coincides with the subspace cut out by these cross-ratio equations. We compute these equations for the example of genus three Prym Teichm\"uller curves.
Is the Concentration of Dark Matter Halos at Virialization Universal?

Several recent studies suggest a correlation between dark matter halo mass and the shape of the density profile. We reanalyze simulations from Ricotti in which such a correlation was first proposed. We use a standard analysis of the halo density profiles and compare the old simulations to new ones performed with Gadget2, including higher resolution runs. We confirm Ricotti's result that, at virialization, the central log slopes α, at 5%-10% of the virial radius, are correlated with the halo mass and that the halo concentration is a universal constant. Our results do not contradict the majority of published papers: when using a split power law to fit the density profiles, due to the α - c degeneracy, the fits are consistent with halos having a universal shape with α = 1 or 1.5 and concentrations that depend on the mass, in agreement with results published elsewhere. Recently, several groups have found no evidence for convergence of the inner halo profile to a constant power law. The choice of the split power-law parameterization used in this Letter is motivated by the need to compare our results to previous ones and is formally valid because we are not able to resolve regions where the slope of the fitting function reaches its asymptotic constant value. Using a nonparameterized technique, we also show that the density profiles of dwarf galaxies at z ~ 10 have a log slope shallower than 0.5 within 5% of the virial radius.
Adaptive-Critic-Based Event-Triggered Intelligent Cooperative Control for a Class of Second-Order Constrained Multiagent Systems

An event-based intelligent cooperative control policy is developed in this article for a class of second-order multiagent systems (MASs). The followers are subject to external disturbances and output constraints, in which the constraint ranges are asymmetric and time-varying. By using one-to-one nonlinear mapping technique to obtain equivalent unconstrained systems and designing a distributed observer to estimate the leader's states, a simplified unconstrained tracking control task is established for each follower. After that, event-driven distributed optimal $H_\infty$ controllers are designed to mitigate the effects of external disturbances, which are obtained from a set of decoupled Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equations, where the proposed event-triggered strategy is dynamic. Aiming at solving the HJI equations more efficiently, an event-based adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) learning algorithm applying only critic neural networks (NNs) is developed. And the critic NN weights are convergent by using stored data under finite excitation condition. Finally, the validity of the developed control scheme is demonstrated by multiple single-link robot arm systems.
Variational Carleson embeddings into the upper 3-space

In this paper we formulate embedding maps into time-frequency space related to the Carleson operator and its variational counterpart. We prove bounds for these embedding maps by iterating the outer measure theory of [DT15]. Introducing iterated outer $L^p$ spaces is a main novelty of this paper. [DT15] Yen Do and Christoph Thiele. "$L^p$ theory for outer measures and two themes of Lennart Carleson united". In: Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 52.2 (2015), pp. 249-296.
Backward stochastic differential equation driven by a marked point process: An elementary approach with an application to optimal control

We address a class of backward stochastic differential equations on a bounded interval, where the driving noise is a marked, or multivariate, point process. Assuming that the jump times are totally inaccessible and a technical condition holds (see Assumption (A) below), we prove existence and uniqueness results under Lipschitz conditions on the coefficients. Some counter-examples show that our assumptions are indeed needed. We use a novel approach that allows reduction to a (finite or infinite) system of deterministic differential equations, thus avoiding the use of martingale representation theorems and allowing potential use of standard numerical methods. Finally, we apply the main results to solve an optimal control problem for a marked point process, formulated in a classical way.
Steady viscous flows in an annulus between two cylinders produced by vibrations of the inner cylinder

We study the steady streaming between two infinitely long circular cylinders produced by small amplitude transverse vibrations of the inner cylinder about the axis of the outer cylinder. The Vishik-Lyusternik method is employed to construct an asymptotic expansion of the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in the limit of high-frequency vibrations for Reynolds numbers of order of unity. The effect of the Stokes drift of fluid particles is also studied. It is shown that it is nonzero not only within the boundary layers but also in higher order terms of the expansion of the averaged outer flow.
Measurements of CP violation parameters in B0 → K 0 S π0π0 and B0 → K0 S K0 S decays

We present a measurement of the CP violation parameters in B0 → K0 Sπ 0π0 and B0 → K0 SK 0 S decays using a data sample containing 657× 106 BB pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider operating at the Υ(4S) resonance. We measure SK0 S π0π0 = +0.43 ± 0.49 ± 0.09, AK0 S π0π0 = −0.17 ± 0.24 ± 0.06, SK0 S K S = −0.38 ± 0.77 ± 0.08 and, AK0 S K S = −0.38 ± 0.38 ± 0.05, where the first and second errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. PACS numbers: 11.30. Er, 12.15. Hh, 13.25. Hw, 14.40. Nd
Outer limits of subdifferentials for min–max type functions

Abstract We generalize the outer subdifferential construction suggested by Cánovas, Henrion, López and Parra for max type functions to pointwise minima of regular Lipschitz functions. We also answer an open question about the relation between the outer subdifferential of the support of a regular function and the end set of its subdifferential posed by Li, Meng and Yang.
Simple Predictive Current Control of Asymmetrical Six-Phase Induction Motor With Improved Performance

Despite the intensive research work on the application of model predictive control for multiphase machines, there are many challenges still to be handled such as high circulating currents, variable switching frequency, and high computation burden. This article proposes a simple, yet efficient predictive current control (PCC) for a six-phase induction motor that reduces considerably circulating current, computation cost, and switching frequency. In the proposed method, a group of four candidate voltage vectors (VVs) is formed in each control sample. Unlike similar methods reported in the literature, these candidate vectors are generated based on a simple lookup table and the previous optimal VV. The lookup table is designed such that it allows only one commutation in each control sample. The performance of the proposed method is assessed experimentally using a 1-kW asymmetrical six-phase induction motor. Different performance indices are investigated to compare the proposed method against two different PCC methods in literature at different operating conditions. The experimental results confirm that about a 50% reduction in average switching frequency and 15% in current total harmonic distortion at different speed ranges are observed with the proposed method compared to the conventional one.
Teachers’ Conceptions of Fairness in Classroom Assessment: An Empirical Study

With heightened equity pursuits in 21st century schools and the key role of assessment in teachers’ concerns with educational equity, scholars have recently attempted to empirically investigate teachers’ conceptions of fairness in classroom assessment. This study contributes to this growing literature and draws on interview data from 27 experienced high school teachers to further appreciate the factors that propel teachers’ fairness conceptions. The results indicate that the teachers’ conceptions of fairness in classroom assessment were influenced by three themes: (a) individual mechanisms, (b) social mechanisms, and (c) dialectical relationships between individual and social mechanisms. These themes underscored how teachers’ individual philosophies and experiences interacted with their encounters with social conditions of society, schools, and classrooms to influence their conceptions and articulated practices of fairness in classroom assessments. The results contribute to provoke conversations around assessment fairness education during pre- and in-service programs.
On the universal module of $p$-adic spherical Hecke algebras

Let G̃ be a split connected reductive group with connected center Z over a local nonArchimedean field F of residue characteristic p, let K̃ be a hyperspecial maximal compact open subgroup in G̃. Let R be a commutative ring, let V be a finitely generated R-free R[K̃]-module. For an R-algebra B and a character χ : HV (G̃, K̃) → B of the spherical Hecke algebra HV (G̃, K̃) = EndR[G̃]ind G̃ K̃ (V ) we consider the specialization Mχ(V ) = ind G̃ K̃ V ⊗ HV (G̃,K̃),χ B of the universal HV (G̃, K̃)-module ind G̃ K̃ (V ). For large classes of R (including OF and Fp), V , B and χ, arguing geometrically on the Bruhat Tits building we give a sufficient criterion for Mχ(V ) to be B-free and to admit a G̃-equivariant resolution by a Koszul complex built from finitely many copies of ind K̃Z (V ). This criterion is the exactness of certain fairly small and explicit N-equivariant R-module complexes, where N is the group of OF -valued points of the unipotent radical of a Borel subgroup in G̃. We verify it if F = Qp and if V is an irreducible Fp[K̃]-representation with highest weight in the (closed) bottom p-alcove, or a lift of it to OF . We use this to construct p-adic integral structures in certain locally algebraic representations of G̃.
Enhancing D-bar reconstructions for electrical impedance tomography with conformal maps

We present a few ways of using conformal maps in the reconstruction of two-dimensional conductivities in electrical impedance tomography. First, by utilizing the Riemann mapping theorem, we can transform any simply connected domain of interest to the unit disk where the D-bar method can be implemented most efficiently. In particular, this applies to the open upper half-plane. Second, in the unit disk we may choose a region of interest that is magnified using a suitable Mobius transform. To facilitate the efficient use of conformal maps, we introduce input current patterns that are named conformally transformed truncated Fourier basis; in practice, their use corresponds to positioning the available electrodes close to the region of interest. These ideas are numerically tested using simulated continuum data in bounded domains and simulated point electrode data in the half-plane. The connections to practical electrode measurements are also discussed.